gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailored Assemblies of Block Copolymers in Solution: It Is All about the Process (2010)

Block copolymers have the capacity to self-organize into a myriad of aggregate structures when placed in selective solvents, offering great promise for the construction of delivery vehicles and complex nanoscale assemblies. A key feature of these materials is their propensity to become kinetically trapped in nonequilibrium states, meaning that the structures they adopt depend sensitively on the processing route taken. While this makes it challenging to fully explore the landscape of possible morphologies, it also means that careful attention to the pathway of self-assembly can allow for remarkable control over the resulting nonequilibrium structures. In this Perspective, we highlight several recent advances in processing approaches that provide new levels of tailorability to the structures and encapsulated contents of block copolymer assemblies in solution.
The identification, purification, and characterization of a pancreatic beta-cell form of the microtubule adenosine triphosphatase kinesin (1992)

Microtubules have been implicated as being necessary for the secretion of insulin from beta-cells, although the mechanism by which cytoplasmic microtubules contribute to the release of insulin is unknown. Kinesin is a microtubule-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) that is thought to be responsible for the intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles. In this manuscript, the purification and preliminary characterization of a beta-cell form of kinesin is described. A 120-kilodalton antikinesin-reactive polypeptide was identified on blots when cultured insulinoma tumor cell lines were subjected to immunoblot analysis using monoclonal antibodies specific for the heavy chain of mammalian kinesin. The beta-cell form of kinesin was isolated from solid rat insulinoma tumors by cosedimentation of the kinesin with microtubules from tissue homogenates in the presence of adenylyl-imidodiphosphate. The beta-cell kinesin was further purified by gel filtration chromatography, and then the pure enzyme was characterized using in vitro assays. Although beta-cell kinesin showed little ATPase activity alone, the enzyme exhibited considerable ATP hydrolysis activity in the presence of taxol-stabilized microtubules. Moreover, in motility assays beta-cell kinesin was able to translocate microtubules across microscope coverslips in the presence of Mg(2+)-ATP. In summary, we report the identity of a novel islet beta-cell form of the microtubule-dependent ATPase kinesin and suggest a possible contribution of the microtubule cytoskeleton in insulin secretion.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Nonpeptide Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: Imidazo(4,5-c)pyridine Derivatives with an Aromatic Substituent. (1995)

Starting from recently reported nonpeptidic angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonists, we have designed and prepared a new series of 6-arylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridine derivatives. Variation of phenyl groups at the 4-, 6- or 7-position of imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine showed that substitution at the 6-position resulted in receptor-binding activity almost as potent as that of DuP 753. This led to synthesis and evaluation of an extensive series of 6-aryl-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine derivatives. Some of them were 4-fold more potent in vitro than DuP 753, but only showed weak antihypertensive activity in vivo when given orally to rats.
Policy-driven multi-file distribution (2004)

This paper proposes to study the impact of a suite of policies on the performance of a multifile distribution system that integrates CDN and P2P techniques. One of the policies is the peer contribution policy that decides the limited data rate and data volume to be contributed by each peer. The peer contribution policy is critical to maintaining the system's overall file distribution capacity without unfairly overloading the individual peers. In our previous work, an analytical framework for the modeling of a hybrid CDN-P2P architecture under a file-specific peer contribution policy is presented. In this paper, we focus on a different scenario where multiple files are being distributed and the peer contribution policy is file-independent. We argue that suites of policies need to be studied, in order to understand their impacts on the overall file distribution performance. The policies include: (1) file-independent peer contribution policy, (2) file request admission policy, (3) supplier selection policy, and (4) file replacement policy. We define a system model for the analysis of these policies. Based on the model, we also propose possible definitions of the policies.
All-Optical Phase-Change Memory in a Single Gallium Nanoparticle (2007)

We report on the first demonstration of a quaternary-logical resonatorless optical memory element with information encoded in the structural phase of a single 80 nm gallium nanoparticle. The size of the memory element is comparable with bits in next-generation hard disks, and radically smaller than previously suggested memories exploiting optical resonators. Furthermore, the energy required for switching the nanoparticle is an order of magnitude less than needed in DVD, DVR, or hard disk technologies.
CHEMICAL TESTING PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL (1959)

Chemical analysis of the blood, urine, saliva, or breath gives the following information: first, it establishes the presence or absence of alcohol in the body; second, it determines the concentration in body fluids and tissues; third, it permits calculation of the approximate total quantity of alcohol in the body; and, finally, it furnishes the basis for calculation of the approximate volume of alcoholic liquor or beverage which may have been ingested within some hours prior to collection of the sample. Thus, chemical analysis not only furnishes objective data on the presence of alcohol in the body but also checks the reliability of statements with respect to ingestion of alcohol. Observations on the subject's physical and mental state and the results of chemical tests together constitute the data on which judgment of the degree of intoxication is made. Of the more than 200 analytical methods for ethyl alcohol, the majority have
Inhibition of bacterial isoprenoid synthesis by fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid-containing antibiotic (1989)

The mechanism of action of fosmidomycin (FR-31564), a phosphonic acid containing antibiotic, was examined against Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus and other bacteria. It converted growing Esch. coli cells into spheroplasts or swollen cells, but did not inhibit the enzymatic reactions of cell wall synthesis in ether-treated cells. Unlike bicyclomycin, phenethyl alcohol and mitomycin C, it did not reduce the amount of envelope lipoprotein, phospholipids, or DNA, but did reduce the amount of menaquinones and ubiquinones in growing Esch. coli cells. It also inhibited the biosynthesis of both carotenoids and menaquinones in M. luteus cells, suggesting that inhibition of the biosynthesis of a common precursor of these isoprenoids (possibly farnesyl pyrophosphate) might be the main site of its antibacterial activity.
Characteristics of Herpesvirus Mutants Resistant to Phosphonoformate and Phosphonoacetate (1979)

Mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1, resistant to phosphonoformate (PFA) and phosphonoacetate (PAA), have been selected in cell culture. The PFA-resistant mutant (HSV-PFA(r)) and the PAA-resistant mutant (HSV-PAA(r)) were also resistant to PAA and PFA, respectively. This cross-resistance indicates that PFA and PAA interact at the same site. The HSV-PFA(r) had a decreased susceptibility to vidarabine, but no difference in sensitivity to idoxuridine (5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine) was observed when compared to the wild type. The induced deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases isolated from cells infected with HSV-PFA(r) and HSV-PAA(r) were both cross-resistant to inhibition by PFA and PAA. No increased resistance to vidarabine triphosphate could be observed, but the susceptibility to inhibition by pyrophosphate was about two times lower. None of the mutants showed any increased temperature sensitivity
The Facile Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Substituted Piperidines from Glutaraldehyde and Primary Amines with Tetracarbonylhydridoferrate (1976)

Abstract Ethanolic tetracarbonylhydridoferrate solution combined with glutaraldehyde is very efficient for the selective transformation of an amino group into a piperidine ring. A large variety of both aliphatic and aromatic amines react with the ferrate-glutaraldehyde at room temperature under carbon monoxide to give the corresponding N-alkyl- and N-arylpiperidines in good to excellent yields.
Improving Centrifugal Compressor Performance By Optimizing Diffuser Surge Control (Variable Diffuser Geometry) and Flow Control (Inlet Guide Vane) Device Settings (2004)

Surge control problems have been around as long as the centrifugal compressor itself.Many different approaches have been taken to improve operating range to surge (both in head and flow) depending on what type of surge mechanism is present in the compressor system.Compressor surge triggered by diffuser stall can be suppressed by variable diffuser geometry whereas surge from impeller stall can be eliminated by the use of variable-geometry inlet guide vanes.A given compressor duty in terms of flow and pressure ratio can be realized by an infinite number combinations of inlet guide vane / variable diffuser geometry settings.These various realizations of the same duty point have different compressor efficiencies.This paper describes a method that allows for optimal inlet guide vane/variable-geometry diffuser positioning (for a diffuser surge driven system) using two or three pressure measurements along the flow path, i.e. impeller inlet pressure, impeller exit/diffuser inlet pressure and diffuser exit pressure.Maximum obtainable diffuser pressure recovery can be used to determine the onset of surge.These maximum pressure recovery values are a function of variable-geometry diffuser setting only and are over most of the operating range independent of flow, head or inlet guide vane setting and can quickly be determined experimentally by pressure measurements.During operation, the known maximum pressure recovery value can be compared to the one determined from real time pressure measurements, and a determination as to the optimal setting of the diffuser can be made.Test data shown in this paper suggest that for the most efficient operation of a compressor, the diffuser should be positioned such that its pressure recovery value is close to its maximum.This in effect brings surge close to the operating point, but with careful control and safety factors it is surmised that stable operation is possible.
Diffraction efficiency gain, blazing, and apodizing of a symmetric square reflection grating in an étalon (1990)

First-order diffraction efficiency of 50% into a single beam was obtained from a weak symmetric square metal diffraction grating operated in an étalon at the 632.8-nm He-Ne laser wavelength. Without the étalon the diffraction efficiency was just 2.7% in each of the two first-order beams. First-order diffraction efficiency gain as well as blazing and apodizing of the grating occur because of the resonant paraxial angular spectrum of the étalon.
Similarity evaluation in a content‐based image retrieval (CBIR) CADx system for characterization of breast masses on ultrasound images (2011)

Similarity measures using the resemblance of individual features in the multidimensional feature space can retrieve visually more similar masses than similarity measures using the resemblance of the classifier scores. A CBIR system that can most effectively retrieve similar masses to the query may not have the best A(z).
Gadoxetate Disodium–Enhanced MRI of the Liver: Part 1, Protocol Optimization and Lesion Appearance in the Noncirrhotic Liver (2010)

Gd-EOB-DTPA shows promise as a problem-solving tool in the cirrhotic liver because it provides additional information that may be helpful in lesion detection and characterization. Further research is needed to optimize Gd-EOB-DTPA imaging protocols in cirrhosis and develop diagnostic criteria for liver lesions in the cirrhotic liver.
The role of digital signal processing in personal communications networks (2003)

Digital signal processors (DSPs) are playing a major role in personal communications networks (PCNs). DSPs impact not only the new digital networks but also analog systems. The reasons for this impact are the advances in integrated circuit (IC) process technology, the manipulation of signals in the digital domain, and the advantages of selectively using programmable solutions and hard wired solutions. The authors discuss these advantages along with examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesizing and Salvaging NAD+: Lessons Learned from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (2010)

The essential coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) plays important roles in metabolic reactions and cell regulation in all organisms. Bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals use different pathways to synthesize NAD+. Our molecular and genetic data demonstrate that in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas NAD+ is synthesized from aspartate (de novo synthesis), as in plants, or nicotinamide, as in mammals (salvage synthesis). The de novo pathway requires five different enzymes: L-aspartate oxidase (ASO), quinolinate synthetase (QS), quinolate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT), nicotinate/nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT), and NAD+ synthetase (NS). Sequence similarity searches, gene isolation and sequencing of mutant loci indicate that mutations in each enzyme result in a nicotinamide-requiring mutant phenotype in the previously isolated nic mutants. We rescued the mutant phenotype by the introduction of BAC DNA (nic2-1 and nic13-1) or plasmids with cloned genes (nic1-1 and nic15-1) into the mutants. NMNAT, which is also in the de novo pathway, and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) constitute the nicotinamide-dependent salvage pathway. A mutation in NAMPT (npt1-1) has no obvious growth defect and is not nicotinamide-dependent. However, double mutant strains with the npt1-1 mutation and any of the nic mutations are inviable. When the de novo pathway is inactive, the salvage pathway is essential to Chlamydomonas for the synthesis of NAD+. A homolog of the human SIRT6-like gene, SRT2, is upregulated in the NS mutant, which shows a longer vegetative life span than wild-type cells. Our results suggest that Chlamydomonas is an excellent model system to study NAD+ metabolism and cell longevity.
Gelation behavior of near-zero shrinkage polybenzoxazines (2000)

A new class of phenolic thermosetting resins is developed that is based on the ring-opening polymerization of a benzoxazine precursor. These new materials seek to combine the thermal properties and flame retardance of phenolics with the mechanical performance and molecular design flexibility of advanced epoxy systems. These materials overcome many of the traditional shortcomings of conventional novolac and resole-type phenolic resins, while retaining their benefits. The viscoelastic behavior of the polybenzoxazines during isothermal cure is monitored by dynamic mechanical analysis. Isochronic measurements show that although the aniline-based benzoxazine has a lower activation energy for the gelation process than the methylamine-based resin, it has a slower rate of reaction. The purified monomer and as-synthesized precursor for each benzoxazine are found to polymerize by the same mechanism, despite the absence of an initiating species in the purified resins. The chemical gelation phenomenon of the methylamine-based resin is probed by a multifrequency dynamic cure analysis that allows determination of the instant of chemical gelation, as well as the network relaxation exponent, n. The constant value of the exponent regardless of cure temperature demonstrates that chemical gelation is, in fact, an isoconversion event for the methylamine-based benzoxazine. The multifrequency and isochronic analyses are shown to produce very similar gel times and activation energies for the gelation process. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 406–417, 2001
Agents acting on the central nervous system. XII. 3-Tert-aminopropiophenones as central muscle relaxants and diuretics (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAgents acting on the central nervous system. XII. 3-Tert-aminopropiophenones as central muscle relaxants and diureticsH. P. S. Chawla, B. C. Gautam, R. S. Kapil, Nitya Anand, G. K. Patnaik, Man M. Vohra, and O. P. ShrivastavaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 3, 480–488Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00297a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00297a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views326Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and Mucosal Candidiasis in Previously Healthy Homosexual Men. Evidence of a New Acquired Cellular Immunodeficiency (1982)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1982Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and Mucosal Candidiasis in Previously Healthy Homosexual Men. Evidence of a New Acquired Cellular Immunodeficiency M.S. Gottlieb, R. Schroff, H.M. Schanker, J.D. Weisman, P.T. Fan, R.A. Wolf, and A. Saxon M.S. GottliebM.S. Gottlieb , R. SchroffR. Schroff , H.M. SchankerH.M. Schanker , J.D. WeismanJ.D. Weisman , P.T. FanP.T. Fan , R.A. WolfR.A. Wolf , and A. SaxonA. Saxon View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)52990-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and Mucosal Candidiasis in Previously Healthy Homosexual Men. Evidence of a New Acquired Cellular Immunodeficiency." The Journal of Urology, 128(2), p. 444 © 1982 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 128Issue 2August 1982Page: 444 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1982 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information M.S. Gottlieb More articles by this author R. Schroff More articles by this author H.M. Schanker More articles by this author J.D. Weisman More articles by this author P.T. Fan More articles by this author R.A. Wolf More articles by this author A. Saxon More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
<i>Clostridium perfringens</i> TpeL Glycosylates the Rac and Ras Subfamily Proteins (2010)

Clostridium perfringens TpeL belongs to a family of large clostridial cytotoxins that encompasses Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA) and B (TcdB) and Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin (TcsL). We report here the identification of the TpeL-catalyzed modification of small GTPases. A recombinant protein (TpeL1-525) derived from the TpeL N-terminal catalytic domain in the presence of streptolysin O (SLO) induced the rounding of Vero cells and the glycosylation of cellular Rac1. Among several hexoses tested, UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) served as cosubstrates for TpeL1-525-catalyzed modifications. TpeL1-525 catalyzed the incorporation of UDP-Glc into Ha-Ras, Rap1B, and RalA and of UDP-GlcNAc into Rac1, Ha-Ras, Rap1B, and RalA. In Rac1, TpeL and TcdB share the same acceptor amino acid for glycosylation, Thr-35. In Vero cells treated with TpeL1-525 in the presence of SLO, glycosylation leads to a translocation of the majority of Rac1 and Ha-Ras to the membrane. We demonstrate for first time that TpeL uses both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-Glc as donor cosubstrates and modifies the Rac1 and Ras subfamily by glycosylation to mediate its cytotoxic effects.
Real-time denoising of ToF measurements by spatio-temporal non-local mean filtering (2013)

This work addresses the problem of denoising of range data obtained by ToF continuous signal modulation camera working in low-power mode. The proposed approach is based on non-local mean filtering applied over extensive spatio-temporal block search in complex-valued signal domain. The extensive search allows for using shorter integration times of the range sensors and leads to an effective overcomplete structure suitable for denoising. The filter structure is optimized for real-time operation and achieves O(1) performance for arbitrary patch size by utilizing summed area tables and look-up table data fetching. The experimental results show practically the same performance while compared with state-of-the-art approaches, for greatly improved speed.
Disruption of insect diapause using agonists and an antagonist of diapause hormone (2011)

The dormant state known as diapause is widely exploited by insects to circumvent winter and other adverse seasons. For an insect to survive, feed, and reproduce at the appropriate time of year requires fine coordination of the timing of entry into and exit from diapause. One of the hormones that regulates diapause in moths is the 24-aa neuropeptide, diapause hormone (DH). Among members of the Helicoverpa/Heliothis complex of agricultural pests, DH prompts the termination of pupal diapause. Based on the structure of DH, we designed several agonists that are much more active than DH in breaking diapause. One such agonist that we describe also prevents the entry into pupal diapause when administered to larvae that are environmentally programmed for diapause. In addition, we used the unique antagonist development strategy of incorporating a dihydroimidazole ("Jones") trans-Proline mimetic motif into one of our DH agonists, thereby converting the agonist into a DH antagonist that blocks the termination of diapause. These results suggest potential for using such agents or next-generation derivatives for derailing the success of overwintering in pest species.
Effective Mucus Clearance Is Essential for Respiratory Health (2006)

Studies of the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), as well as novel genetic mouse models, vividly illustrate that effective "mucus clearance" is a critical innate airway defense mechanism.Modern physics, physical chemistry, biochemistry, and cell and systems biology are revealing the structure of the mucus clearance apparatus and elucidating key parameters underlying its efficient function.New paradigms are evolving to describe the interaction of the near-cell surface environment with overlying mucus, the dominant role of adequate hydration for effective mucus clearance, the role of nucleotide and nucleoside signaling to regulate airway surface hydration, the physiochemical basis of mucus adhesion, and the pathophysiologic consequences of impaired mucus clearance.The recent success of hypertonic saline to restore surface hydration and improve mucus clearance in CF suggests that novel therapeutic strategies will be similarly efficacious in other airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).