gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on endotoxin shock and endotoxin-induced platelet aggregation in dogs. (1980)

Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a major metabolite of arachidonic acid and is synthesized in vascular endothelial cells. It is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and a known vasodilator. Because of the effects of PGI2 on platelet function, this study was designed to determine the efficacy of prostacyclin in endotoxin shock and on endotoxin-induced platelet aggregation in dogs. Thrombocytopenia is characteristic of septic shock and is believed to be related to platelet clumping, and thereby, to participate in the pathophysiology of endotoxin shock. Twenty-four males dogs were given an LD50 dose of Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 mg/kg). Twelve of these animals were treated with PGI2 (20 ng/kg/min) by continuous infusion from 15 minutes before, and for 4 hours after the injection of endotoxin. Parameters determined were mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, pulmonary arterial pressure, heart rate, platelet and white blood cell counts, and arterial blood gases. In animals given endotoxin alone, only 42% (5/12) survived, whereas, with PGI2 treatment, 83% (10/12) survived (P < 0.05). Prostacyclin therapy did not alter the rise in pulmonary arterial pressure, but did further decrease the mean systemic arterial pressure. There was a transient attenuation of the thrombocytopenia, and minimal effects on the granulocytopenia. Despite the fact that the PGI2-treated animals had greater decreases in blood pressures, 83% of the animals did survive. These findings suggest that PGI2 may have some protective effects in endotoxin shock. Serratia marcescens endotoxin caused dose-dependent platelet aggregation in canine platelet-rich plasma in vitro. Antiaggregating agents such as indomethacin (0.2-1 microgram/ml), and aspirin (0.2-1 microgram/ml), PGE1 (0.1-1 microgram/ml) and PGI2 (0.1-1 microgram/ml), added 1 minute before endotoxin (1 microgram/ml), had no apparent effect on the endotoxin-induced platelet aggregation. These findings suggest that endotoxin-induced platelet aggregation may be caused by a mechanism that is unrelated to cAMP and/or the arachidonic acid prostaglandin system.
Demonstration of Functional Oxytocin Receptors in Human Breast Hs578T Cells and Their Up-Regulation through a Protein Kinase C-Dependent Pathway (1999)

Oxytocin (OT) receptors (OTRs) have been demonstrated in a number of human breast tumors and tumor cells, but it was not clear whether the receptors were functional. We examined the regulation and function of OTR in a tumor cell line, Hs578T, derived from human breast. These cells expressed moderate levels of OTR when cultured in 10% FBS, as demonstrated by RT-PCR and binding analyses. Serum deprivation resulted in the loss of OTRs, with no effect on cell viability. Restoration of serum and addition of 1 μm dexamethasone (DEX) increased OTR levels by about 9-fold. Up-regulation was blocked by the addition of phospholipase C and PKC inhibitors. Serum/DEX treatment also increased steady state OTR messenger RNA levels. OT increased intracellular Ca2+ in a time- and dose-responsive manner, and the effects of OT were lost when OTRs were down-regulated by serum starvation. Serum/DEX up-regulation of OTR restored the responsiveness to OT. OT also stimulated ERK-2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) phosphorylation and PGE2 synthesis in Hs578T cells. In addition to showing that OTRs in the breast tumor cells are functional, these studies show that Hs578T cells can be used to study molecular regulation of OTR gene expression and intracellular signaling pathways stimulated by OT.
An integrated circuit with transmit beamforming flip-chip bonded to a 2-D CMUT array for 3-D ultrasound imaging (2009)

State-of-the-art 3-D medical ultrasound imaging requires transmitting and receiving ultrasound using a 2-D array of ultrasound transducers with hundreds or thousands of elements. A tight combination of the transducer array with integrated circuitry eliminates bulky cables connecting the elements of the transducer array to a separate system of electronics. Furthermore, preamplifiers located close to the array can lead to improved receive sensitivity. A combined IC and transducer array can lead to a portable, high-performance, and inexpensive 3-D ultrasound imaging system. This paper presents an IC flip-chip bonded to a 16 x 16-element capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array for 3-D ultrasound imaging. The IC includes a transmit beamformer that generates 25-V unipolar pulses with programmable focusing delays to 224 of the 256 transducer elements. One-shot circuits allow adjustment of the pulse widths for different ultrasound transducer center frequencies. For receiving reflected ultrasound signals, the IC uses the 32-elements along the array diagonals. The IC provides each receiving element with a low-noise 25-MHz-bandwidth transimpedance amplifier. Using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) clocked at 100 MHz to operate the IC, the IC generated properly timed transmit pulses with 5-ns accuracy. With the IC flip-chip bonded to a CMUT array, we show that the IC can produce steered and focused ultrasound beams. We present 2-D and 3-D images of a wire phantom and 2-D orthogonal cross-sectional images (Bscans) of a latex heart phantom.
Coherent control of hyperfine-coupled electron and nuclear spins for quantum information processing (2008)

Coupled electron-nuclear spins are promising physical systems for quantum in-formation processing: By combining the long coherence times of the nuclear spins with the ability to initialize, control, and measure the electron spin state, the favor-able properties of each spin species are utilized. This thesis discusses a procedure to initialize these nuclear spin qubits, and presents a vision of how these systems could be used as the fundamental processing unit of a quantum computer. The fo-cus of this thesis is on control of a system in which a single electron spin is coupled to N nuclear spins via resolvable anisotropic hyperfine (AHF) interactions. High-fidelity universal control of this le-Nn system is possible using only excitations on a single electron spin transition. This electron spin actuator control is implemented by using optimal control theory to find the modulation sequences that generate the desired unitary operations. Decoherence and the challenge of making useful qubits from these systems are also discussed. Experimental evidence of control using an electron spin actuator was acquired with a custom-built pulsed electron spin resonance spectrometer. Complex mod-
Constant-Release Diffusion Systems (1987)

A device consisting of an array of frustum-shaped cells that contain a drug dispersed in a permeable matrix is shown to obey zero-order release kinetics following an initial burst phase. Geometric shapes of dissolving solids or diffusion systems and the constraints of impermeable barriers influence mass transport and can be exploited as in the constant release wedge- or hemispheric-shaped devices. Equations describing the release characteristics of the frustum-shaped cells correlate quite well with experiments involving the release of the test compound ethyl p-aminobenzoate dispersed in a Silastic matrix. Experimental parameters include diffusivity, solubility, suspension concentration, declination angle, and opening radius.
CMOS VLSI Lukasiewicz logic arrays (2002)

Lukasiewicz logic arrays (LLAs) are massively parallel analog computers organized as binary trees of identical processing elements. The authors have designed and performed preliminary tests on a series of CMOS VLSI LLAs whose cells perform Lukasiewicz implication ( to ). The authors describe the LLA architecture and its relationship to cellular automata, describe the CMOS VLSI implementation of versions LL9 and LL10 and their initial characterization, and report on the results obtained by programming LL9 and LL10 as fuzzy function recognizers, the first step in designing more general function units such as expert systems and neural networks. Initial test results showed that the LLAs implemented the notch function linearly, but with a slope that varied from that of the ideal function. Trimming the LLA inputs and outputs is expected to result in a typical error of less than 2%, and a mean error of less than 0.5%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Partial-energy weighted interpolation of linear prediction coefficients (2002)

This paper discusses the interpolation of linear prediction (LP) coefficients. The performance of LP analysis using different numbers of subframes and the choice of representation for the LP coefficients are studied. Interpolation is done by converting the LP coefficients in one of the following representations: line spectral frequencies, reflection coefficients, log area ratios, and autocorrelations. It is shown that good performance is obtained for line spectral frequencies and five subframes per frame. A new interpolation technique which incorporates partial frame energy is introduced. This technique generalizes the concept of energy weighting to different LP coefficient representations.
3<scp>D</scp> high‐resolution diffusion‐weighted <scp>MRI</scp> at 3<scp>T</scp>: Preliminary application in prostate cancer patients undergoing active surveillance protocol for low‐risk prostate cancer (2015)

The proposed diffusion-prepared technique with higher spatial resolution and improved image quality over SS-DW-EPI resulted in better multiparametric MRI detection of lrPC in AS-PC patients.
Polarized angular distributions of parametric x radiation and vacuum-ultraviolet transition radiation from relativistic electrons (1995)

We present quantifiable images of the angular distributions (AD's) of parametric x radiation (PXR), and vacuum-ultraviolet transition radiation (vuv TR) from 230 MeV electrons interacting with a silicon crystal. Both AD's are highly polarized. The vuv TR and optical TR data provide measurements of the beam energy and effective divergence angle. Using these quantities and separately known values of the electronic susceptibility \ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\Vert}, we show that the measured PXR AD is in good agreement with the predictions of single crystal theory. Our analysis suggests a method to measure \ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\Vert} using PXR AD's.
Effect of Back-Gate Biasing on Floating Electrolytes in Silicon-on-Insulator-Based Nanoribbon Sensors (2012)

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) field-effect-based sensors are often biased using a back substrate gate with biological/electrolytic solutions placed over the top sensor channel. For electrically floating electrolytes in contact with the SOI-buried oxide, we demonstrate that the electrolyte voltage is capacitively coupled to the applied back-gate bias resulting in a dual-gated sensor. Measured electrolyte voltages approach the constant back-gate voltage for real-time measurements, while a slower response is observed with dynamic measurements. Low subthreshold swings and threshold voltages are observed in both experimental and simulated - curves, consistent with strong coupling. Real-time constant voltage sensing can thus be performed at much lower operating voltages.
Improving memristor memory with sneak current sharing (2015)

Several memory vendors are pursuing different kinds of memory cells that can offer high density, non-volatility, high performance, and high endurance. There are several on-going efforts to architect main memory systems with these new NVMs that can compete with traditional DRAM systems. Each NVM has peculiarities that require new microarchitectures and protocols for memory access. In this work, we focus on memristor technology and the sneak currents inherent in memristor crossbar arrays. A read in state-of-the-art designs requires two consecutive reads; the first measures background sneak currents that can be factored out of the current measurement in the second read. This paper introduces a mechanism to reuse the background sneak current measurement for subsequent reads from the same column, thus introducing "open-column" semantics for memristor array access. We also examine a number of data mapping policies that allow the system to balance parallelism and locality. We conclude that on average, it is better to prioritize locality; our best design yields a 20% improvement in read latency and a 26% memory power reduction, relative to the state-of-the-art memristor baseline.
Chondrocytes culture in three‐dimensional porous alginate scaffolds enhanced cell proliferation, matrix synthesis and gene expression (2008)

For the limited availability of autologous chondrocytes, a cultured system for expansion in vitro until sufficient cells are obtained must be developed. These cells must maintain their chondrocyte phenotype in vitro as well as in vivo, following implantation to ensure that differentiated chondrocytes synthesize a normal hyaline cartilage matrix and not a fibro-cartilage matrix. This study uses porous three-dimensional (3-D) alginate scaffolds within a perfusion system to culture low-density (5 x 10(5) cells) primary porcine chondrocytes for 1-4 weeks to study their proliferation and differentiation. The results of RT-PCR reveal that most cells could maintain their differentiation state for up to 4 weeks of culturing. Chondrocytes proliferated to 3 x 10(7) cells after 4 weeks in culture. Alginate scaffolds induced the formation of chondrocyte clusters and stimulated the synthesis of matrix, which effects were evaluated using histology and electron microscopy. These findings demonstrate that culturing chondrocytes in alginate scaffolds may effectively prevent the dedifferentiation and improve autologous chondrocyte transplantation.
Tree fruits for Iowa (1935)

This bulletin is intended to assist Iowa orchardists in the selection of satisfactory tree fruit varieties either for home or commercial production. By consulting the descriptions and discussions herein given and by informing himself as to the present status of varieties already grown in his locality, the prospective planter should be in a position to make a selection which will succeed and bring him satisfactory returns. Doubtless future years will place different valuations upon many of the varieties discussed for Iowa planting.
An embedded hardware-efficient architecture for real-time cascade Support Vector Machine classification (2013)

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are considered as a state-of-the-art classification algorithm yielding high accuracy rates. However, SVMs often require processing a large number of support vectors, making the classification process computationally demanding, especially when considering embedded applications. Cascade SVMs have been proposed in an attempt to speed-up classification times, but improved performance comes at a cost of additional hardware resources. Consequently, in this paper we propose an optimized architecture for cascaded SVM processing, along with a hardware reduction method in order to reduce the overheads from the implementation of additional stages in the cascade, leading to significant resource and power savings for embedded applications. The architecture was implemented on a Virtex 5 FPGA platform and evaluated using face detection as the target application on 640×480 resolution images. Additionally, it was compared against implementations of the same cascade processing architecture but without using the reduction method, and a single parallel SVM classifier. The proposed architecture achieves an average performance of 70 frames-per-second, demonstrating a speed-up of 5× over the single parallel SVM classifier. Furthermore, the hardware reduction method results in the utilization of 43% less hardware resources and a 20% reduction in power, with only 0.7% reduction in classification accuracy.
Performance and Reliability Analysis Using Directed Acyclic Graphs (1987)

A graph-based modeling technique has been developed for the stochastic analysis of systems containing concurrency. The basis of the technique is the use of directed acyclic graphs. These graphs represent event-precedence networks where activities may occur serially, probabilistically, or concurrently. When a set of activities occurs concurrently, the condition for the set of activities to complete is that a specified number of the activities must complete. This includes the special cases that one or all of the activities must complete. The cumulative distribution function associated with an activity is assumed to have exponential polynomial form. Further generality is obtained by allowing these distributions to have a mass at the origin and/or at infinity. The distribution function for the time taken to complete the entire graph is computed symbolically in the time parameter t. The technique allows two or more graphs to be combined hierarchically. Applications of the technique to the evaluation of concurrent program execution time and to the reliability analysis of fault-tolerant systems are discussed.
Synthesis and Surface Properties of Novel Gemini Surfactants (2012)

Abstract Novel Gemini surfactants containing amide group linkage were prepared with fatty acid, diamine and dihalide by simple organic reaction, and characterized with IR, and elemental analysis (EA). As the results show, the structures of the products obtained correspond to the target compounds designed. By surface tension scanning, these Gemini surfactants have excellent surface activity with low c.m.c. and surface tension, the lowest c.m.c value was 9.12 × 10 −6 mol/L for surfactant Bi-18(4).
Universal usability (2000)

article Free Access Share on Universal usability Author: Ben Shneiderman Univ. of Maryland, College Park Univ. of Maryland, College ParkView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 43Issue 5May 2000pp 84–91https://doi.org/10.1145/332833.332843Published:01 May 2000Publication History 371citation13,411DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations371Total Downloads13,411Last 12 Months862Last 6 weeks119 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Analyse syntaxique transformationnelle du francais par transducteurs et lexique-grammaire (1993)

A de rares exceptions pres, le cheminement de l'analyse syntaxique automatique suit la creation de modeles de grammaires formelles (gb, hpsg, etc. ) censees refleter les mecanismes internes de la langue. Pour notre part nous avons utilise le formalisme le plus simple et le plus neutre possible, celui des listes, listes que sont les dictionnaires morphologiques et syntaxiques. Ces dictionnaires forment cependant des listes trop importantes pour etre manipulees directement. La notion d'automate, et plus particulierement celle de transducteur, permet de pallier a cet inconvenient en factorisant un tres grand nombre d'informations communes a plusieurs entrees. Nous avons represente par un transducteur un dictionnaire syntaxique de plus de 2000000 d'entrees. Ce dictionnaire, dont la taille est appelee a augmenter tres notablement est appele delsyn, le transducteur qui le representera f-delsyn. Par ailleurs, de telles representations conduisent a des programmes d'analyse extremement simples, l'analyse d'une phrase ph consistant simplement a appliquer la fonction f-delsyn cycliquement a un automate representant ph jusqu'a l'obtention d'un point fixe. L'application cyclique d'une transduction peut en effet effectuer une analyse descendante d'identification de l'element predicatif de la phrase (le verbe en general) puis passer a l'analyse de chacun des arguments de cet element (le sujet et les complements le plus souvent). Mais une transduction peut egalement simuler une analyse de type ascendant qui reconnait des segments de plus en plus grand; enfin nous verrons qu'une transduction peut egalement appliquer des regles de grammaires locales dans une analyse qu'on peut dire transversale par rapport aux deux types precedents
Adaptive Activation Functions for Deep Networks (2016)

Artificial neural networks loosely mimic the complex web of nearly 100 trillion connections in the human brain. Deep neural networks, and specifically convolutional neural networks, have recently demonstrated breakthrough performances in the pattern recognition community. Studies on the network depth, regularization, filters, choice of activation function, and training parameters are numerous. With regard to activation functions, the rectified linear unit, is favored over the sigmoid and tanh function because the differentiation of larger signals is maintained. This paper introduces multiple activation functions per single neuron. Libraries have been generated to allow individual neurons within a neural network the ability to select between a multitude of activation functions, where the selection of each function is done on a node by node basis to minimize classification error. Each node is able to use more than one activation function if the final classification error can be reduced. The resulting networks have been trained on several commonly used datasets, which show increases in classification performance, and are compared to the recent findings in neuroscience research.
Synthesis of Pulcherriminic Acid by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1972)

The pathway of pulcherriminic acid synthesis in Bacillus subtilis strains AM and AM-L11 (a leucine-requiring auxotroph) was investigated. Determinations of radioactivity in pulcherriminic acid synthesized by cells growing in media containing (14)C-labeled amino acids indicated that B. subtilis produced pulcherriminic acid from l-leucine. The organism utilized the carbon skeletons of two l-leucine molecules to synthesize one molecule of pulcherriminic acid. Similar results were obtained with starved cell suspensions. Growing cells formed significant amounts of pulcherriminic acid only in media including a carbohydrate such as starch. However, carbohydrate carbon was not required for the synthesis of pulcherriminic acid molecules. Data obtained with cell suspensions supported the hypothesis that cyclo-l-leucyl-l-leucyl is an intermediate in pulcherriminic acid biosynthesis and indicated that molecular oxygen is required for the conversion of cyclo-l-leucyl-l-leucyl to pulcherriminic acid. A pathway for the synthesis of pulcherrimin from l-leucine in B. subtilis is proposed.
<title>Development of an autostereoscopic monitor and 2D-to-3D conversion for medical and surgical uses: requirements, clinical trials, and degree of acceptance</title> (1999)

Previous attempts at popularizing stereoscopic devices for surgical use have been only minimally successful. In this paper, we point out what we perceive as past errors and misdirected designs. Although the perfect viewing medium has yet to be identified, certain basic principles and needs are summarized in order to enhance and promote acceptance of stereoscopic methods for surgical procedures, especially in the minimally invasive area. In addition, we present a newly developed autostereoscopic screen and accompanying 2D and 3D converter for medical/surgical use. A summary of the clinical testing performed and the degree of acceptance is also presented. Particular design requirements are unique to the surgical environment and these parameters are presented. The operator acceptance of the device and the value added requirements for stereoscopic endoscopic viewing are discussed.