gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absorptive Filters for Microwave Harmonic Power (1959)

Utilizing the cutoff properties of certain lossy periodic waveguide structures, low reflection absorptive filters for harmonic power at microwave frequencies have been obtained. Various approaches to specific absorptive filters are discussed, and the experimental results presented demonstrate the validity of the concepts developed. Insertion loss of up to 50 db for second harmonic power (TE10 or TE20 mode) and less than 0.1 db for the fundamental at S-band could be accomplished using a waveguide filter of eight inches length. The VSWR is of the order of 1.5 or better throughout the entire useful frequency range. The wide band performance of the filters is characterized by the fact that satisfactory operation results if the frequency of the fundamental falls within the range of dominant TE10 mode propagation in rectangular guide, excluding the extreme edges of the band.
A Hybrid Neural Network Model for Commonsense Reasoning (2019)

This paper proposes a hybrid neural network (HNN) model for commonsense reasoning. An HNN consists of two component models, a masked language model and a semantic similarity model, which share a BERT-based contextual encoder but use different model-specific input and output layers. HNN obtains new state-of-the-art results on three classic commonsense reasoning tasks, pushing the WNLI benchmark to 89%, the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) benchmark to 75.1%, and the PDP60 benchmark to 90.0%. An ablation study shows that language models and semantic similarity models are complementary approaches to commonsense reasoning, and HNN effectively combines the strengths of both. The code and pre-trained models will be publicly available at https://github.com/namisan/mt-dnn.
[EEG variants and characteristics in primary and secondary fresh syphilis in the process of continuous penicillin and bicillin-3 therapy]. (1977)

The project collected questionnaire data and interview transcripts with women who were currently pregnant or had recently given birth. as well as interview transcripts with maternity care professionals. Given the protocols used and inability to obtained retrospective consent the data cannot be shared. This study explores women’s childbirth preferences, decisions, outcomes, whether they are aligned and the factors that shape this within the context of NHS England’s Better Births (2016) maternity care policy. Much like previous maternity care policies, Better Births promises to create safer and more personalised maternity experiences for women, utilising a rhetoric of choice to prioritise women’s control. However, complex and dominant social and (bio)medical discourses of risk and uncertainty affect Better Births’ implementation. Whilst (bio)medical care for birth became normalised within society during the second half of the twentieth century, emergent discourses of ‘good’ motherhood have, in contrast, privileged natural birth and minimised the need for medical interventions. In this broader social context, as well as immense resource and financial pressures, pregnant women and maternity care providers find themselves caught between competing ideologies and practices of birth, with various implications for the concept of maternal choice. To investigate these issues, this study takes a mixed methods approach, including an analysis of the Better Births (2016) policy, 49 online questionnaires and 14 follow-up interviews with pregnant women and new mothers in a Better Births early adopter site. The study also includes 13 interviews with a range of different maternity care providers operating inside and outside the NHS. This research found that women’s childbirth preferences were not realised in their decisions and outcomes but were incrementally medicalised as they moved through the trajectory of childbirth preferences, decisions and outcomes. Discourses of risk and uncertainty were found to constrain women’s choices and limit providers’ practices in various ways. This study concludes that women need to be better empowered to navigate risk and uncertainty throughout pregnancy and childbirth, and that providing them with means to do this might be more effective in improving women’s experiences of maternity than Better Births’ rhetoric of choice.
Stimulation of the Secretion of Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines by <i>Bifidobacterium</i> Strains (2002)

To characterize the ability of bifidobacteria to affect the production of macrophage-derived cytokines, a murine macrophage-like cell line, J774.1, was cultured in the presence of 27 strains of heat-inactivated bifidobacteria. Bifidobacterium adolescentis and B. longum, known as adult-type bifidobacteria, induced significantly more pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, IL-12 and TNF-alpha, by J774.1 cells, than did the infant-type bifidobacteria, B. bifidum, B. breve, and B. infantis (P<0.01). In contrast, B. adolescentis did not stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 from J774.1 cells as the other tested bacteria did. The results suggest that the adult-type bifidobacteria, especially B. adolescentis, may be more potent to amplify but less able to down-regulate the inflammatory response.
Tolerancing the Components of an Assembly for Minimum Cost (1970)

Based on the contributions of the work of A. Gladman and of R. Cave´, a comprehensive study is made of the different possibilities of distributing the tolerances between the components of an assembly in order to achieve the minimum cost requirement, taking into account the process variability and the costs of the components. Sample tables and graphs of practical value are presented.
Electrolytic Ammonia Synthesis from Hydrogen Chloride and Nitrogen Gases with Simultaneous Recovery of Chlorine under Atmospheric Pressure (2005)

It was confirmed that ammonia was synthesized by bubbling hydrogen chloride gas into a LiCl-KCl-CsCl melt containing nitride ions at . Then, anodic galvanostatic electrolysis was conducted at using a glassy carbon working electrode and a nitrogen gas counter electrode, which showed that chlorine evolved at the anode by the oxidation of chloride ions, and that nitrogen was reduced to nitride ions at the cathode. The obtained results confirmed that ammonia and chlorine were produced from hydrogen chloride and nitrogen as the overall reaction.
Immunotherapy Via Gene Therapy (1993)

We have comparatively analyzed the immune mechanisms induced by and the immunotherapeutic potentials of a highly metastatic clone of the Lewis lung carcinoma, D122, transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) genes. All of the D122 cytokine gene-transduced cells induced antitumor CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), as can be judged from in vivo depletion of CD8+ cells and in vitro CTL assays. In vivo depletion of CD4+ cells did not affect the malignant phenotypes of the different D122 gene-modified cells, but in vivo depletion of natural killer (NK) cells resulted in increased malignancy of both D122 cells and D122 gene-modified cells. In accordance with the effects of in vivo NK depletion, D122 as well as D122 derivative cells were sensitive to lysis by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C)-induced activity. We discuss the immune responses generated by the different D122 gene-modified cells in view of their in vivo behavior in syngeneic and nude mice. We also performed comparative analysis of the capacity of vaccinations with irradiated D122 gene-modified cells to cure established micrometastases of parental D122 cells in tumor-operated mice. Vaccinations with D122-IL-2 or -IL-6 secretors did not generate a significant effect. Also, vaccinations with D122-IFN-gamma cells, which showed increased major histocompatibility complex class I expression but did not secrete detectable levels of IFN-gamma, did not cure established micrometastases. Only vaccination with D122-IFN-gamma high secretors efficiently cured postoperated mice carrying established micrometastases. We discuss the relevance of these results to the application of immunotherapy via cytokine gene therapy of human malignancy.
Mechanism of Chemotherapeutic Drug Action in Mouse Vaginal Epithelium (1981)

• The mouse vaginal assay was modified to study mechanisms of drug action in epithelial cells in relation to the cell cycle. An evaluation of the labeling index, mitotic index, and the percent labeled mitoses in the vaginal epithelium was used to determine the site of drug action in the cell cycle. Systemic absorption from the vaginal epithelium was also monitored by these same measurements in rectal mucosa. Thirty drugs were tested; 17 showed cell kinetic perturbations in the vaginal mucosa and four of these had both vaginal (local) and rectal (systemic) effects. Thirteen drugs had no effect, suggesting inadequate concentration, penetration, duration of drug exposure, or lack of biochemical action. These 30 drugs were tested in concentrations and vehicles also used for topical screening in psoriatic patients. Only 15 of the 30 drugs tested in this model predicted the clinical results. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1981;117:399-403)
Self-implantable double-layered micro-drug-reservoirs for efficient and controlled ocular drug delivery (2018)

Eye diseases and injuries impose a significant clinical problem worldwide. Safe and effective ocular drug delivery is, however, challenging due to the presence of ocular barriers. Here we report a strategy using an eye patch equipped with an array of detachable microneedles. These microneedles can penetrate the ocular surface tissue, and serve as implanted micro-reservoirs for controlled drug delivery. The biphasic drug release kinetics enabled by the double-layered micro-reservoirs largely enhances therapeutic efficacy. Using corneal neovascularization as the disease model, we show that delivery of an anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibody (DC101) by such eye patch produces ~90% reduction of neovascular area. Furthermore, quick release of an anti-inflammatory compound (diclofenac) followed by a sustained release of DC101 provides synergistic therapeutic outcome. The eye patch application is easy and minimally invasive to ensure good patient compliance. Such intraocular drug delivery strategy promises effective home-based treatment of many eye diseases.
Well-aligned ZnO nanorods for device applications: Synthesis and characterisation of ZnO nanorods and n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diodes (2007)

Well-aligned, low-resistive zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were grown on ZnO-coated glass and p-Si substrates using a simple and economic solution method. The device performance of ZnO nanorods has been investigated by studying their p-n junction diode behaviour at room temperature. The as-grown n-ZnO/p-Si diode exhibited a low turn-on voltage and saturation current of ∼2.25 V and ∼1.27 μA, respectively, with a diode quality factor of 1.9. These investigations reveal that the well-aligned ZnO nanorod structures can be used as an active layer in the fabrication of efficient optoelectronic nano-devices.
Competition and cooperation between tenascin-R, lecticans and contactin 1 regulate neurite growth and morphology (2006)

The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-R (TN-R) and the proteoglycans of the lectican family show an overlapping distribution in the developing brain, have been implicated in similar cellular processes and form a complex network of interactions. Previously, we have demonstrated that TN-R induces microprocesses along neurites and enlarged growth cones of tectal cells by interacting with the cell adhesion molecule contactin 1. Here, we describe competition and cooperation between TN-R, lecticans and contactin 1, and their functional consequences for tectal cells. Aggrecan, brevican and neurocan inhibit the effects of TN-R on microprocess formation and growth cone size. This blocking effect is due to competition of lecticans with binding of TN-R to its neuronal receptor contactin 1, as shown by a sandwich-binding assay. Interaction of aggrecan with TN-R fibronectin type III domains 4-A is necessary for its inhibitory effect on both microprocess formation and TN-R binding to contactin 1. However, the chondroitin sulfate chains are not involved. Time-lapse video microscopy showed that aggrecan has no acute effect on motility and morphology of microprocesses and growth cones but induces long-term neurite retraction after pre-treatment with TN-R. In contrast to the competition described above, TN-R cooperates with brevican and neurocan to induce attachment of tectal cells and neurite outgrowth, probably by forming a bridge between the lectican substrate and contactin 1 as the neuronal receptor. Our findings suggest that a complex network of protein-protein interactions within the brain extracellular matrix, as shown here for TN-R and lecticans, is important for the fine-regulation of developmental processes such as microprocess formation along the neurite and neurite outgrowth.
Immunoelectrophoretic Identification of Guinea Pig Anti-Insulin Antibodies (1962)

Summary Two anti-insulin antibodies from guinea pig antisera were isolated by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose (2) and examined by immunoelectrophoresis and by radioautography with the aid of I131-insulin and the rabbit antiserum against guinea pig serum components. Peak I or Peak II antibody fraction showed a single radioactive are in the γ-globulin (I) or in the β2-globulin (II) region, respectively, indicating their difference in the electrophoretic mobility. When the original antisera were used, the resultant radioactive are represented a composite of the two arcs obtained with two isolated antibody fractions. The anode end of the Peak I antibody are coalesced with the middle portion of the Peak II antibody are, thus producing a single long line covering the β2- and γ-globulin regions with a distint spur between these two areas. This line and the spur corresponded exactly with the long strong are (so-called γ-globulin arc) and with the very faint spur observed on the stained slide. The relative intensity of radioactive line in γ- and β2-globulin portions roughly reflected the relative antibody activity in Peak I and Peak II antibody fractions. The method is extremely sensitive for detecting anti-insulin antibodies. Positive results were obtained with antibody concentrations as low as 0.033 to 0.16 µg/ml. In addition, it requires only a few microliters of the sample and the two different antibodies are clearly distinguishable. Two antibodies are different in their reaction with rabbit antiserum against guinea pig serum. Both antibodies have some antigenic determinants in common, but Peak II antibody has some determinants which are not present in Peak I antibody. The complexes prepared by incubating I131-insulin with the antisera migrate significantly faster than the free antibodies.
Particle Size Determinations with Electron Microscopes (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParticle Size Determinations with Electron MicroscopesJ. H. L. WatsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1948, 20, 6, 576–584Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 June 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60018a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60018a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study of a Micro-miniature JT Cooler (2003)

The micro-miniature JT cooler is a promising cooling device as an element of the micro-thermal system for semiconductor devices, which dissipate an incredible amount of heat. In particular, the thermal management of laser diodes is a serious problem because they require a large amount of power but must maintain a fixed temperature. Considering such a situation, the performance of a micro-miniature JT cooler was calculated under the assumption of a countercurrent heat exchanger operating with a laminar gas flow, and the guidelines of a micro-miniature JT cooler for optimizing pump power and size were designed from the viewpoint of minimizing the cost. The authors present the results in this paper. A micro-miniature JT cooler was fabricated from Si wafer using a photolithographic process, which is available for operation with C2H6 from 3 MPa to 0.1 MPa. It is shown that a cooling power of 2.1 W was obtained at 239 K with a mass flow of 51.7 mg/s.
Cathepsins: fundamental effectors of endolysosomal proteolysis. (2008)

Intracellular protein degradation is a universal feature of eukaryotic cells and vital for nutrition, protein turnover, intracellular signaling, development and other major physiological processes like antigen presentation and immunity. One of the major compartments of intracellular proteolysis is the endosome-lysosome system. The latter offers a highly orchestrated, vesicular pathway for protein transport and ultimate degradation in lysosomes. Though lysosomes are the classical organelles of complex, multi-enzymatic degradation, it is increasingly evident that endosomes conduct much more than mere transport functions. Endosomes contain significant levels of proteases like cathepsins and are sites of potent intracellular proteolysis. Further, discrete classes of endosomes harbor specific cathepsins and perform selective and exclusive functions. Hence, extra-lysosomal proteolytic machinery within the endocytic pathway enjoys spatial and temporal control over proteolytic functions. The review outlines the structural association and function(s) of major endolysosomal cathepsins.
Anisotropy and dimensional stability of polyimide films (1978)

Abstract In‐plane mechanical properties, coefficients of thermal and hygroscopic expansion, and dimensional changes due to stress relaxation were measured as a function of direction in one, three, and five‐mil polyimide films. Although these films were made by a casting process, they exhibited significant anisotropy in the properties tested. This anisotropy was apparently due to preferential orientation of the polymer which occurred during the manufacturing process.
Image Segmentation Using Proportion of Foreground to Background Algorithm (2012)

The medical image is widely used in medicine diagnosis for the science-sound qualitative and quantitative analysis. To achieve a clear image, the technology of the image segmentation is the key point. Therefore, this paper proposes a new image segmentation approach using the proportion of foreground to background method. Based on the traditional grayscale image segmentation and the edge detecting method, the edge M1 of the original image is firstly extracted by Sobel operator templates in 8 directions. Secondly, the proportion of foreground to background in image M1 is calculated to find the threshold T in the iterative loop. Finally, the segmentation M2 is thus obtained according to the threshold T. Experiments with the human brain image indicate that the number of iteration steps for the threshold T is reduced. Also, the phenomenon of over-segmentation and the discontinuity from the traditional edge detecting algorithm can be avoided. The experimental results are provided to verify the proposed approach.
Passive underwater acoustic damping using shunted piezoelectric coatings (2001)

In this technical note, the acoustic echo cancellations by a piezoelectric layer, coated to a rigid acoustic surface and shunted with various combinations of resistor, capacitor and inductor in series, have been investigated. A one-dimensional electro-acoustic model, enabling us to calculate the acoustic echo reduction for different shunting circuits, is established for the electrically shunted piezoelectric layer. It will be seen that shunting the piezoelectric layer with a resistor and an inductor can achieve good echo reduction only in a very narrow frequency bandwidth. In order to achieve broadband echo reduction, an inductor, a resistor and a capacitor in series shall be used. The formulae for calculating the inductance, resistance and capacitance of the shunting circuit have been derived. Numerical simulations show that the capacitance of the optimal shunting circuit can be negative for most commercial piezoelectric materials, although the inductance can be designed to be positive by adjusting the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric materials. Realization of a capacitive circuit with negative capacitance has been proposed.
The AMPA receptor allosteric potentiator PEPA ameliorates post-ischemic memory impairment (2001)

PEPA (4-[2-(Phenylsulphonylamino)ethylthio]-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide) is a recently developed allosteric potentiator of AMPA receptors that preferentially affects flop splice variants. We tested the effects of PEPA on ischemia-induced memory deficit in rats. Permanent unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery induced severe impairment of performance of rats in the Morris water maze test. Repeated intravenous administration of PEPA (1, 3, 10 mg/kg/day for 10 days) improved test performance. In contrast, a corresponding dose of aniracetam, a representative potentiator of AMPA receptor, did not significantly improve test performance. Thus, PEPA is more effective than aniracetam in reversing impaired memory function as assessed by the Morris water maze test; and PEPA may be an effective compound for the treatment of impaired memory.
Comparison of geodetic and radio interferometric measurements of the Haystack‐Westford base line vector (1980)

A three‐dimensional geodetic measurement of the 1.24‐km Haystack‐Westford base line vector was performed to verify the accuracy of previously published radio interferometric measurements. The differences between the geodetic and the very long base line interferometry ( VLBI ) measurements of the base line length, the horizontal X and Y components, and the vertical Z component were −4, 2, 4, and −19 mm, respectively. After a correction was applied to the VLBI determination of the vertical component to account for a recently measured, repeatable gravitational flexure of the Haystack antenna, the discrepancy in this component was reduced to −6 mm. Other possible repeatable flexures in the two antennas, which have not yet been measured, could either further reduce or increase this discrepancy.
Low Pressure Deposition of Phosphosilicate Glass Films (1982)

Phosphosilicate glass films have been deposited on silicon substrates by the reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), phosphine, and oxygen. The depositions are carried out at 630°–700°C in a low pressure CVD reactor. The dependence of the deposition rate, the phosphorus oxide concentration, the thickness uniformity across a wafer, and the depletion in the deposition rate across the deposition zone upon the deposition conditions have been investigated. The step coverage obtained in the reaction is conformal. The refractive index, the etch rate, and the film stress are reported.