gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biologically Active Heteroarotinoids Exhibiting Anticancer Activity and Decreased Toxicity (1997)

A series of retinoids, containing heteroatoms in a cyclic ring and called heteroarotinoids, were synthesized, and their biological activity was evaluated using tissue culture lines that have measurable responses to trans-retinoic acid (t-RA). Transglutaminase (TGase) was assessed in the human erythroleukemia cell line (GMO6141A) as an indicator of differentiation and apoptosis. Proliferation was evaluated in a human cervical cell line, CC-1, which exhibits dose-dependent alterations in growth rate in response to treatment with trans-retinoic acid. Activation of nuclear retinoic acid receptors was determined in a reporter cell line established from CC-1. The reporter line, called CC-B, contains a reporter gene controlled by a retinoic acid responsive element (RARE) and a thymidine kinase (tk) promoter. Treatment of the CC-B line with the heteroarotinoids resulted in a dose-responsive and retinoid-dependent regulation of reporter gene expression. The heteroarotinoids exhibited activity in all assays and correlated in a statistically significant manner between assays. RARE transactivation activity in CC-B cells correlated with induction of TGase in GMO6141A (R = 0.96) and with a decrease in the growth rate of CC-1 cells (R = -0.90). The ability of the selected heteroarotinoids to induce differentiation, inhibit proliferation, and activate nuclear receptors demonstrates the chemotherapeutic potential of these agents. In view of the biological activity cited, an in vivo toxicity study was conducted on male B6D2F1 mice with three heteroarotinoids, namely 8 [(2E,4E,6E)-3,7-dimethyl-7-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4,4-dimeth ylthiochroman-6-yl)-2,4,6-heptatrienoic acid], 10 [(2E,4E,6E)-3,7-dimethyl-7-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4,4-dimeth ylchroman-6-yl)-2, 4,6-heptatrienoic acid], and 13 [(E)-p-[2-(4,4-dimethylchroman-6-yl)propenyl]benzoic acid]. The mice were used with gavage of heteroarotinoids in corn oil [0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/kg] and with 0.01 or 0.05 mg/kg of TTNPB (5) [(E)-4-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1- propenyl]benzoic acid] as reference controls. The target organs affected in the mice by the three heteroarotinoids were those typically associated with t-RA (1) toxicity. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 13 was 9.4 mg/kg/day, which was equal in toxicity to that of t-RA (1) and 1000-fold less toxic than TTNPB (5). The MTDs of 8 and 10 were 34 and 32 mg/kg/day, respectively, which is 3-fold less toxic than t-RA (1) and 3000-fold less toxic than TTNPB (5). The 3000-fold reduced toxicity, compared with only a 27% reduction biological activity of 8 and 10 with respect to that of TTNPB, observed in our assays indicates a good therapeutic ratio of these heteroarotinoids over the parent compound. The biological activity and reduced toxicity of these heteroartinoids demonstrate the potential efficacy as anticancer agents.
Three-dimensional imaging of fractures in outlet struts of Björk-Shiley convexo-concave heart valves by microcomputed tomography in vitro. (2002)

This application of micro-CT to image outlet strut fractures in BSCC valve explants demonstrates the value of this method for fracture characterization in vitro, including visualization of fracture faces of SLS struts without physical sectioning. Although the method is not suitable for clinical use because it requires high-intensity X-rays, micro-CT can serve as a tool to understand further any failure mechanisms, and to aid the development of clinical differentiation methods.
De stand van de wetenschap en praktijk (2006)

Een eenvoudig voorbeeld kan het thema van deze bijdrage illustreren. De dunne darm is voor artsen een lastig orgaan om te onderzoeken. Met een slang (scopie) komen de artsen er nauwelijks in en de röntgenfoto levert doorgaans weinig concreets op. Voor patiënten is een scopie een vervelend onderzoek. Een door de patiënt in te nemen capsule met daarin een minuscuul cameraatje maakt het sinds enige tijd mogelijk de dunne darm van begin tot eind scherp en op een heel patiëntvriendelijke manier in beeld te krijgen: de Video Capsule Endoscopie (VCE).
Health in Industry (1957)

Minimal Pulmonary Tuberculosis Found by Mass Radiography (Fluorography).Royal College of Surgeons Prophit Tuberculosis Survey.A report to the Prophit Committee by V. H. Springett and including results of work done by
Continuous versus Intraoperative Expansion in the Pig Model (1992)

Continuous tissue expansion utilizing a continuous infusion device that maintains a constant expander pressure was previously demonstrated to be feasible and successful in obtaining rapid tissue expansion in a canine model. Intraoperative tissue expansion has been described and has gained some clinical acceptance as a method to gain rapid expansion. We compared the efficacy of continuous tissue expansion versus intraoperative tissue expansion in a piglet model. After completing a pilot study, continuous tissue expansion was performed in six pigs (14.5 to 20 kg) on one flank over a 3-day period utilizing an improved prototype device; at the termination of continuous tissue expansion, intraoperative tissue expansion was performed on the opposite flank. There were no complications or continuous tissue expansion device malfunctions. Intraoperative tissue expansion gave a true gain in area of 7.4 percent, while continuous tissue expansion produced a 22 percent gain (p < 0.02). When the effects of both recruitment and expansion were added, continuous tissue expansion gave a dividend of 286 percent versus 192 percent for intraoperative tissue expansion (p < 0.01). Biomechanically, intraoperative tissue expansion skin showed few differences from unexpanded skin, while continuous tissue expansion skin showed a significant increase in stress relaxation (47.78 versus 38.74) and decrease in breaking strength. Histologic analysis revealed some epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation surrounding the continuous tissue expansion expander and some vascular congestion over the intraoperative tissue expansion expander. We conclude that continuous tissue expansion is superior to intraoperative tissue expansion and that the prototype device may be useful clinically.
Probabilistic Non-Repudiation without Trusted Third Party (1999)

Abstract. We present a new theoretical generic protocol that offers non-repudiation services. We first go through the state of the art about non-repudiation. We will see that in order to achieve complete nonrepudiation during an information transfer a trusted third party is often needed (even playing a low weight role), obtaining an acknowledgement from the recipient being the current major problem. We aim to show the possibility of achieving fair non-repudiation services without the need of a third party. We will propose a concrete implementation inspired by this generic protocol. 1
Study on Thermal Conductivity of SPS-Sintered Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Ceramics after Heat-Treatment (2005)

α-Si3N4 ceramics were sintered at a low temperature of 1773K by using a spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) method with different heating rates, and then they were further heat-treated at different temperatures from 1773K to 2273K, to study the effect of the heating rate of SPS on the microstructure and the thermal conductivity of Si3N4 ceramics after the heat-treatment. Results show that the heating rate of SPS has great influence on the phase transformation and the microstructure of the β-Si3N4, but it has little influence on the thermal conductivity of the ceramics. This proves that the thermal conductivity of the ceramics does not have an obvious relationship with the ratio and the size of the columnar β-Si3N4 grain.
Fault response of grid-connected inverter dominated networks (2010)

The rapid increase in installed distributed generation (DG) has led to concerns about the impact on the proper operation of the protection system. In particular, the limited fault current capability of inverter interfaced distributed generation (IIDG) could lead to malfunctioning of the distribution network protection system which largely relies on overcurrent based protection techniques. The absence of tried and tested models and methods to calculate the inverter fault current contribution has been a significant challenge to the introduction of IIDG. This paper shows that with a few subtle changes, conventional analytical network analysis techniques can be used to analyse the fault response of inverter dominated distribution networks. The theoretical results are validated by PSCAD simulations and experimental results.
Effect of Formulation Density, Moisture, and Surfactant on Feed Manufacturing, Pellet Quality, and Broiler Performance (2002)

Past research has illustrated that moisture addition to corn-soybean-based diets at the mixer can increase pellet durability and decrease pellet mill energy usage. Broiler feeding trials that used pelleted diets produced by the moisture addition process have illustrated that 3-to-6-wk feed efficiencies of male broilers can be significantly improved over diets manufactured without moisture. However, in these trials feed efficiency calculations were adjusted to account for variations in nutrient densities caused by moisture addition. Furthermore, variations in types of moisture additives were not explored. The current study determined the effects of different types of moisture additives (water/surfactant solution vs. water) and different formulation densities (NRC density vs. adjusted high density) on feed manufacturing, pellet quality, and 3-to-6-week male broiler performance. Control treatments, consisting of two diets with different nutrient densities without moisture additives, were also manufactured and fed. Adjusted high density broiler diets that included moisture were found to significantly increase pellet mill production rates compared to NRC control diets while maintaining similar pellet quality. Moreover, broilers fed these adjusted high density diets with moisture exhibited improved live weight gains above broilers fed diets formulated to NRC specifications with or without added moisture.
Quantitative PCR for hepatitis B virus with colorimetric detection. (1993)

A novel, sensitive colorimetric test is described for quantification of the initial number of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes amplified in PCR. The viral genomes are amplified together with a synthetic internal standard (IS) to correct for the variability of the efficiency factor. One of the two primers is biotinylated, and the amplified mixtures of HBV and IS DNAs are bound to streptavidin-coated microtiter plates for quantitative detection. The ratio of HBV to IS DNA is determined for each sample by hybridization with DNP-containing probes and immunoenzymatic detection. The colorimetric detection is quantitative, rapid, and accurate with a dynamic range from approximately 10(8) to > 10(11) DNA molecules. The initial number of HBV genomes in a clinical sample is interpreted from the signal ratio HBV/IS by using a standard curve, obtained from coamplification of known quantities of synthetic HBV templates with IS. The assay quantified 15 viral genomes from 10 microliters of serum, and its dynamic range was up to five orders of magnitude. After the amplification step, the assay takes > 2 hr, and the method is applicable to automation.
Amidinoacetamides in the synthesis of pyrimidines, imidazoles, and purines (1976)

2-(Substituted amidino)acetamides and their 2-phenylazo-derivatives were cyclised with one-carbon-atom reagents to the corresponding pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones, identified by unambiguous synthesis from 4,6-dichloropyrimidine and by conversion into the corresponding 9-substituted hypoxanthines. The cyclisation of 2-(substituted amidino)-2-formamidoacetamide formate and hydrochloride salts to the isomeric ring and exocyclic N-substituted aminoimidazolecarboxamides was studied. The imidazolecarboxamides were converted, where possible, into the 3- or 9-substituted hypoxanthines.
Research on Mobile Commerce System Based on J2ME and J2EE (2007)

With the analyses of J2ME and J2EE technology, a whole framework model of mobile commerce system is built, and this model is applied into mobile inquiring system of student scores. At last, a series of security solutions of mobile commerce system are proposed.
A Resource and QoS Management Framework for a Real-Time Event System in Mobile Ad Hoc Environments (2004)

A new class of applications can now be envisaged with the emergence of both mobile ad hoc computing and ubiquitous computing. Applications of such kind are characterised by being largely distributed and proactive, i.e. able to operate without human intervention. The anonymous and asynchronous paradigm, which is advocated by event models, has shown to be well-suited for this kind of applications. However, current real-time event-oriented middleware technologies do not provide a complete solution for the requirements of mobile ad hoc environments. In this paper, we present the research carried out on both a resource and a QoS management framework to achieve real-time support for an event system operating in mobile ad hoc environments. The framework makes use of both reflection and component technology. The implementation of our resource system is developed in OpenCOM, which is a lightweight, efficient and reflective model based on Microsoft’s COM.
On the Conductivity of Dispersions (1959)

Experiments on suspensions of glass beads in electrolytes indicate that Bruggemann's approximation represents the dependence of effective conductance on volume fraction very satisfactorily when the dispersed phase contains a broad range of particle sizes. Data on narrow size ranges fall in between values predicted by the Maxwell and Bruggemann equations. These findings are consistent with the physical assumptions implicit in both theoretical developments.
Molybdenum-catalyzed reduction of molecular dinitrogen under mild reaction conditions (2012)

Quite recently we have found two nitrogen fixation systems catalyzed by molybdenum-dinitrogen complexes under mild reaction conditions; one is the transformation of molecular dinitrogen into its synthetic equivalent of ammonia and the other is that into ammonia. A molybdenum-dinitrogen complex bearing two ferrocenyl diphosphines works as a good catalyst in the transformation of molecular dinitrogen into silylamine, where up to 226 equiv are produced based on the catalyst. A dinitrogen-bridged dimolybdenum complex bearing a PNP-type pincer ligand works as a good catalyst in the direct transformation of molecular dinitrogen into ammonia, where up to 23 equiv are produced based on the catalyst. We believe that both systems provide a new aspect in the development of novel nitrogen fixation.
Improved remote estimation of heart rate in face videos (2016)

We present an improved method for the remote estimation of heart rate from face videos. By relying on visual techniques used for the decomposition of spatial information, we propose a novel pipeline to properly extract and process the time signal containing the heart rate information. In order to validate our approach, a dataset of videos containing subjects in a stationary position has been recorded, together with the ground truth heart rate values measured with conventional ECG sensors. Experiments show the significant benefit of the proposed procedure with respect to existing techniques proposed in the literature.
Changes of Autonomic Receptors Following Castration and Estrogen Administration in the Male Rabbit Urethral Smooth Muscle. (1992)

MORITA, T., TSUCHIYA, N., TSUJII, T. and KONDO, S. Changes of Autonomic Receptors Following Castration and Estrogen Administration in the Male Rabbit Urethral Smooth Muscle. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 403-405 - Effects of castration and estrogen administration on the distribution of autonomic receptors in the male rabbit urethral smooth muscle were examined. Thirty-eight mature Japanese white rabbits were used. Eight rabbits were used as untreated control. The other 30 rabbits were castrated and 10 of them were administered intramuscularly with 5mg/kg estrogen 3 times a week for 4 weeks from 12 weeks after castration. Autonomic receptor densities in the urethral smooth muscle were measured by radioligand binding techniques. α1-Adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor densities decreased significantly after castration and were not of fected by estrogen administration. α2-Adrenergic receptor density increased slightly after castration and markedly after estrogen administration. β-Adrenergic receptors were not affected either by castration or estrogen administration. No significant changes were observed in any receptor affinities. These results demonstrate the effects of castration and estrogen administration on the autonomic receptors in the male rabbit urethral smooth muscle.
VILSMEIER-HAACK SYNTHESIS OF AROMATIC ALDEHYDES USING<i>bis</i>-(TRICHLOROMETHYL) CARBONATE AND DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE (2004)

(2004). VILSMEIER-HAACK SYNTHESIS OF AROMATIC ALDEHYDES USING bis-(TRICHLOROMETHYL) CARBONATE AND DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 337-340.
Empirical Relations between Elastic Wavespeeds and Density in the Earth's Crust (2005)

A compilation of compressional-wave ( V p) and shear-wave ( V s) velocities and densities for a wide variety of common lithologies is used to define new nonlinear, multivalued, and quantitative relations between these properties for the Earth's crust. Wireline borehole logs, vertical seismic profiles, laboratory measurements, and seismic tomography models provide a diverse dataset for deriving empirical relations between crustal V p and V s. The proposed V s as a function of V p relations fit V s and V p borehole logs in Quaternary alluvium and Salinian granites as well as laboratory measurements over a 7-km/sec-wide range in V p. The relations derived here are very close to those used to develop a regional 3D velocity model for southern California, based on pre-1970 data, and thus provide support for that model. These data, and these relations, show a rapid increase in V s as V p increases to 3.5 km/sec leading to higher shear-wave velocities in young sedimentary deposits than commonly assumed. These relations, appropriate for active continental margins where earthquakes are prone to occur, suggests that amplification of strong ground motions by shallow geologic deposits may not be as large as predicted by some earlier models.
A Novel Direct Torque and Flux Control Method of Matrix Converter-Fed PMSM Drives (2014)

A novel direct torque and flux control strategy is proposed for matrix converter (MC)-based permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems. The proposed method allows the use of all MC switching states including the rotation vectors, and effectively controls input and output variables of the MC. Mapping relationships between MC output voltage vectors and change rates of motor torque and flux, and those between MC input current vectors and change rates of grid reactive charge are derived. Then, four enhanced switching tables are established by means of discretizing and averaging, in which changes of torque, flux and input reactive charge corresponding to all MC switching states can be shown explicitly. Based on the tables, an optimal selection of switching states can be achieved by the proposed method. Numerical simulations and experiments with a prototype are carried out. The results show good performance of the proposed method with small torque and flux ripples, low distortion input currents, and fast dynamic response.
Chloramphenicol: A Review (2004)

1. Howard J. Balbi, MD*


 

1. *Director, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center, West Islip, NY; Associate Professor of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 

1. Explain why chloramphenicol no longer is the drug of choice for any infection.

2. Name those conditions for which chloramphenicol may be an effective alternative therapy.

3. Discuss why serum concentrations of chloramphenicol are erratic, especially in those who have liver disease.

4. Recognize the major adverse effects of chloramphenicol.

5. Explain why serum concentrations of chloramphenicol are affected by the concomitant use of certain drugs such as phenytoin, rifampin, or phenobarbital.

Chloramphenicol is an antimicrobial agent used rarely today in the United States because of its associated adverse effects (Table 1). At one time it was hailed as a highly effective, broad-spectrum agent against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, spirochetes, chlamydiae, and rickettsia. Chloramphenicol had a major role in the treatment of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Neisseria meningitidis because of its bactericidal activity against these organisms and the ability to achieve high concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid. As is the case with more recent “miracle” antimicrobials, perhaps chloramphenicol was overused since its discovery in 1947. This may have led to the development of resistance and increased reports of adverse events. Today there are many alternative agents that have greater safety profiles, but chloramphenicol remains a useful antimicrobial agent. This review addresses the clinical indications for chloramphenicol usage, spectrum of antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties, bacterial resistance, and major adverse effects.

| Dose-related |
||
| |
| Not Dose-related |
| |



 Table 1. 
Adverse Effects





Chloramphenicol is produced synthetically, but it was isolated originally from the organism Streptomyces venezuelae found in soil and compost. Production of the oral preparation, chloromycetin palmitate, was …
Comparison of the Effects of Nitrogen Poisoning on Molybdenum Oxycarbide and Pt/β-Zeolite Catalysts in the Isomerization of <i>n</i>-Heptane (1996)

The effect of nitrogen-containing compounds was studied over MoO3-carbon-modified and Pt(1.5 wt %)/β-zeolite catalysts using n-heptane isomerization as the test reaction and piperidine and pyridine as the poisoning molecules. n-Heptane isomerization performed over both catalysts under pure feed showed no deactivation as a function of time on stream. At a pressure of 6 bar the MoO3-carbon-modified catalyst exhibited a high resistance to deactivation up to 10 ppm of nitrogen, while the Pt-based catalyst was strongly deactivated down to 30% of its initial activity after 20 h. At higher concentrations of nitrogen (≥40 wt ppm) deactivation occurred over both catalysts as a function of time. Results obtained after different regeneration regimes on the MoO3-carbon-modified deactivated catalyst led to the conclusion that the deactivation observed was essentially due to coke formation. Finally, increasing the total pressure allowed a better resistance to deactivation by hydrogenating the coke residues over the MoO3-carbon-modified catalyst.
An information integration theory of consciousness (2004)

The theory entails that consciousness is a fundamental quantity, that it is graded, that it is present in infants and animals, and that it should be possible to build conscious artifacts.