gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indoor Power-Line Communications Channel Characterization up to 100 MHz—Part II: Time-Frequency Analysis (2008)

Estimations of coherence bandwidth and time-delay parameters from wideband channel sounding measurements made in the 30 kHz-100 MHz band in several indoor environments are described in and taken back in this paper. Powerline communications (PLC) modems rather see a channel which starts almost from 2 MHz . A comparison between coherence bandwidth and time-delay parameters estimated in both frequency bands 30 kHz-100 MHz and 2 MHz-100 MHz is elaborated in this paper. Results are intended for applications in high-capacity indoor power-line networks. The investigation is aimed to show that the PLC channel studies in a band starting from a frequency lower than 2 MHz distorts the real values that an implementer should take, as the PLC modem see only the frequencies from 2 MHz. The coherence bandwidth and the time delay parameters are estimated from measurements of the complex transfer functions of the PLC channels. For the 30 kHz-100 MHz frequency band, the 90 th percentile of the estimated coherence bandwidth at 0.9 correlation level stay above 65.5 kHz and below 691.5 kHz. It was observed to have a minimum value of 32.5 kHz. The maximum excess delay spread results show that 80% of the channels exhibit values between 0.6 s and 6.45 s. And a mean rms delay spread of 0.413 s is obtained. The passage to the 2 MHz-100 MHz frequency band induced an increase of the coherence bandwidth, whose min value is brought back to 43.5 kHz, and an important reduction of the time delay parameters: The min, max, mean, and standard deviation values of the maximum excess delay are almost divided by 2. For the twice frequency bands, this paper studies, also, the variability of the coherence bandwidth and time-delay spread parameters with the channel class , and thus with the location of the receiver with respect to the transmitter, and finally relates the rms delay spread to the coherence bandwidth.
Regulation of IL-10 and IL-12 production and function in macrophages and dendritic cells (2015)

Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-12 are produced primarily by pathogen-activated antigen-presenting cells, particularly macrophages and dendritic cells. IL-10 and IL-12 play very important immunoregulatory roles in host defense and immune homeostasis. Being anti- and pro-inflammatory in nature, respectively, their functions are antagonistically opposing. A comprehensive and in-depth understanding of their immunological properties and signaling mechanisms will help develop better clinical intervention strategies in therapy for a wide range of human disorders. Here, we provide an update on some emerging concepts, controversies, unanswered questions, and opinions regarding the immune signaling of IL-10 and IL-12.
Shock-Wave Resistance of WS<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes (2003)

The shock-wave resistance of WS(2) nanotubes has been studied and compared to that of carbon nanotubes. Detailed structural features of post-shock samples were investigated using HRTEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. WS(2) nanotubes are capable of withstanding shear stress caused by shock waves of up to 21 GPa, although some nanotube tips and nanoparticles containing multiple structural defects in the bending regions are destroyed. Small WS(2) species, consisting of only a few layers, are extruded from the nanotubes. Well-crystallized tube bodies were found to exhibit significant stability under shock, indicating high tensile strength. XRD and Raman analyses have confirmed this structural stability. Under similar shock conditions, WS(2) tubes are more stable than carbon nanotubes, the latter being transformed into a diamond phase. WS(2) nanotubes containing small concentrations of defects possess significantly higher mechanical strength, and, as a consequence, hollow WS(2) nanoparticles are expected to act as excellent lubricants under much higher loading than was previously thought.
PET-MOT - a Novel Concept for Simultaneous Positron and Optical Tomography in Small Animals (2006)

We present a Monte Carlo feasibility study of a device designed to simultaneously image positron labeled substrates and optical molecular probes in small animals such as mice and rats. The acquisition arrangement constitutes an entirely novel imaging system considering the dual-modality feature as well as the integrated non-contact optical detection principle. In our proposal, the optical scanner does not employ gantry-mounted CCD cameras for detecting projection data. Instead, it uses a cylindrical lattice of micro lens arrays which form an inner optical detector ring while PET detector blocks are mounted in radial extension. The most innovative aspect of the proposed design is the possibility to perform unified simultaneous acquisition, reconstruction, and tracer/molecular-kinetic modeling of dual-labeled emitters. Since regional distribution and time variation of the underlying multi-variate photon distributions are acquisition and subject specific and diversified by variations thereof, combined and simultaneous imaging carries advantageous potential for translational research. Further advantages are less subject encumbrance and identical imaging geometries. The proposed nuclear-optical tomographic imaging system might potentially foster the development of optical image reconstruction algorithms using PET images as a prior to quantify fluorescence and bioluminescence distributions in heterogeneous media in vivo.
<title>Robust algebraic invariant methods with applications in geometry and imaging</title> (1995)

We introduce non-standard methods of deriving algebraic invariants and demonstrated two types of applications of these invariants. In model transfer a collection of conjugate points are determined on a set of reference images, and `transferred' to the matching conjugate points on a new view of the 3D object, without prior computation of camera geometry or scene reconstruction. In object reconstruction, general 3D object points are represented as functions of non-coplanar fiducial points and corresponding conjugate points across multiple images. In this application the object points are `reconstructed' once quantitative values are specified for the fiducial points. The methods we introduce for deriving these invariant algorithms are extensible from the linear fractional central projection camera model to weak perspective and certain non-central projection camera models. Stability to adverse geometries and measurement error can be enhanced by using redundant fiducial points and images to determine the transfer and reconstruction functions. Extensibility and stability are indications of the robustness of these methods.
Fluorine-NMR Competition Binding Experiments for High-Throughput Screening of Large Compound Mixtures (2002)

High-throughput ligand-based NMR screening with competition binding experiments is extended to (19)F detection. Fluorine is a favorable nucleus for these experiments because of the significant contribution of the Chemical Shift Anisotropy (CSA) to the (19)F transverse relaxation of the ligand signal when bound to a macromolecular target. A low to moderate affinity ligand containing a fluorine atom is used as a reference molecule for the detection and characterization of new ligands. Titration NMR experiments with the selected reference compound are performed for finding the optimal set-up conditions for HTS and for deriving the binding constants of the identified NMR hits. Rapid HTS of large chemical mixtures and plant or fungi extracts against the receptor of interest is possible due to the high sensitivity of the (19)F nucleus and the absence of overlap with the signals of the mixtures to be screened. Finally, a novel approach for HTS using a reference molecule in combination with a control molecule is presented.
Chemical and Physical Absorption of SO<sub>2</sub> by <i>N</i>-Functionalized Imidazoles: Experimental Results and Molecular-level Insight (2014)

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) removal is a key component of many industrial processes, especially coal-fired power generation. Controlling SO2 emissions is vital to maintaining environmental quality, as SO2 is a contributor to acid rain, but has value as a chemical feedstock. Although a number of novel solvents/materials including ionic liquids (ILs) have recently been proposed for alternatives to limestone scrubbing for SO2 capture/removal from point sources, the imidazole architecture presents a convenient, inexpensive and efficient class of low volatility and low viscosity solvents to accomplish this goal. On the basis of our prior work with imidazoles for CO2 capture, we have extended our interests toward understanding the relationship between imidazole structure and SO2 absorption. Using a series of imidazole compounds with various substituents at the 1, 2 and/or 4(5) positions of the five-membered ring, SO2 absorption via both chemical and physical mechanisms was observed. The chemical absorption product is a relatively stable 1:1 SO2–imidazole complex, while physical absorption of SO2 is dependent on pressure and temperature. Because imidazoles are relatively small molecules, they are an efficient absorption medium for SO2 and can form adducts wherein the mass fraction of bound SO2 is >40 wt %. The SO2–imidazole complexes were also observed to produce distinct color and/or phase changes that are associated with the nature of the substituents present. The chemically bound SO2 can be released under vacuum at moderate temperature (∼100 °C) and vacuum, yielding the original neat solvent, while the physically dissolved SO2 can be readily removed at ambient temperature under vacuum. This behavior corresponds to a much smaller enthalpy of absorption for physical dissolution (−4 to −13 kJ/mol) as determined via thermodynamic relationships compared to the binding energies of chemical complexation (−35 to −42 kJ/mol) as determined via density functional theory calculations. Increasing chemical complexation energies are correlated with increased substitution on the imidazole ring. Simulations were also employed to gain insight into the structures of the SO2–imidazole complexes, illustrating changes in partial charge distribution before and after complexation as well as confirming a charge transfer complex is formed based on the N–S bond length.
Wavelength stabilisation of a DFB laser diode using measurement of junction voltage (2014)

Laser diode wavelength stability is vital for applications such as spectroscopy and data communication, and the emitted wavelength is a function of temperature. In a conventional system, the laser diode temperature is controlled using a Peltier element with a temperature-sensing thermistor, the latter placed at a short distance from the laser diode chip. Despite the use of good thermal design and a case, a change in ambient temperature may cause a change to internal thermal gradients, resulting in a systematic error in the laser diode wavelength. In this paper we describe a novel system to measure the temperature of the laser diode junction via measurement of the junction voltage. The method has been applied to a 1651 nm DFB laser diode for use in tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) of methane. The wavelength stability of both thermistor- and voltage- control systems are compared over a period of 30 minutes and with different ambient temperatures. Over 30 min at constant ambient temperature, thermistor control provided a precision of ± 0.4 pm (40 MHz) and junction voltage control gave a similar ± 0.6 pm (70 MHz). For an ambient temperature change of 20°C, conventional thermistor control suffered a wavelength change of 76 pm (8.4 GHz), whereas junction voltage control reduced this to 0.6 pm (70 MHz), at or below the level of long-term wavelength precision.
A new channel assignment scheme in demand‐assignment radio communications system (1989)

Abstract To make the utilization of radio frequencies more effective, a large number of investigations has been made from the viewpoints of frequency, space, and time. Among the forementioned investigations, relatively few studies are from the viewpoint of time, and thus a new approach is desired. At present, a multiplicity of services are provided; these include mixed analog‐digital communications, and the approach from this viewpoint should be emphasized more. With this as background, this paper discusses the effective utilization of the frequencies in the demand‐assignment radio communication system, and proposes a new control scheme for the radio channel assignment. The technique described here is based on the hand‐off (channel switching) technique in the mobile communication system. By applying the technique to “pack” the radio communication traffic, a drastic improvement in the frequency utilization efficiency is demonstrated. As typical demand‐assignment systems, the radio communication system with heterogeneous calls with the same transmission bandwidth, and the system with heterogeneous calls with different transmission bandwidth are considered. The application of the proposed technique to those systems, as well as the behaviors of the systems, are discussed in detail, both by theory and computer simulation.
The molecular genetics of seed maturation in maize (1991)

The maturation phase of seed formation involves coordinated expression of multiple developmental pathways. These processes include abscisic acid regulated responses associated with the arrest of embryo development and induction of anthocyanin synthesis in embryo and aleurone tissues. Studies of the maturation defective vivaparous mutants of maize suggest that one gene, viviparous‐1 ( vpl ), regulates both of these pathways in the developing seed. Mutations at vpl reduce the sensitivity of the developing embryo to abscisic acid. In addition, Vpl is required for expression of Cl , a regulatory gene for the anthocyanin pathway. This interaction is consistent with the idea that Vpl and Cl function as part of a regulatory hierarchy controlling seed development. Molecular studies of vpl mutations which separate control of embryo arrest and anthocyanin synthesis suggest that these functions map to discrete domains in the Vpl protein. Therefore, coordinate control of diverse maturation processes may be achieved through expression of a functionally complex regulatory molecule.
ESTABLISHING DIFFERENTIAL IRRIGATION LEVELS USING TEMPERATURE-TIME THRESHOLDS (2004)

The requirements of precision crop management or limited water supply requires that either plant water statusbe varied during the growing season to optimize crop performance or a continuous level of limited irrigation must be practicedto match irrigation water availability. Canopy temperature (TC) has been successfully used to time irrigation applicationsfor well-watered crop growing conditions. The cumulative daily time that TC exceeds a crop-specific temperature threshold,designated as stress time (ST), is used to indicate the need for irrigation. Manipulation of the ST value required to indicatethe need for irrigation changes irrigation frequency and seasonal irrigation. The ST value that generates the irrigation signalis the time threshold (TT). This study developed a procedure for estimating the relationship between TT for cotton and seasonalirrigation rates. Data were analyzed from irrigation studies that measured the water application and cotton yield responseto a range of average daily ST. All irrigation studies included a common control TT of 330 min/d above a canopy temperaturethreshold of 28C as the criteria for the irrigation signal that maintained cotton in a well-watered status. In order to developrelationships between daily ST and final yield, or water input during the season, daily ST values were calculated and averagedover the irrigation season. The same procedure was used to calculate the average TC. The procedure for identifying controlTT to establish different crop water status levels included the following steps. First, a linear relationship was defined betweenaverage daily ST and lint yield. Second, separate linear relationships were established between average daily ST and totalwater or irrigation input. Third, based on the slope of the trend line between average daily ST and yield, 1-h differences inaverage daily ST were selected to produce sufficiently large differences in total water and irrigation input to affect yield. Theseaverage ST values were 408, 468, and 528 min/d, and corresponded with control TT values of 330, 390, and 450 min/d. Thesecontrol TT should result in different amounts of water application during the growing season and produce differences in cottonyield.
Structures of full-length plasma kallikrein bound to highly specific inhibitors describe a new mode of targeted inhibition (2019)

Plasma kallikrein (pKal) is a serine protease responsible for cleaving high-molecular-weight kininogen to produce the pro-inflammatory peptide, bradykinin. Unregulated pKal activity can lead to hereditary angioedema (HAE) following excess bradykinin release. HAE attacks can lead to a compromised airway that can be life threatening. As there are limited agents for prophylaxis of HAE attacks, there is a high unmet need for a therapeutic agent for regulating pKal with a high degree of specificity. Here we present crystal structures of both full-length and the protease domain of pKal, bound to two very distinct classes of small-molecule inhibitors: compound 1, and BCX4161. Both inhibitors demonstrate low nM inhibitory potency for pKal and varying specificity for related serine proteases. Compound 1 utilizes a surprising mode of interaction and upon binding results in a rearrangement of the binding pocket. Co-crystal structures of pKal describes why this class of small-molecule inhibitor is potent. Lack of conservation in surrounding residues explains the ∼10,000-fold specificity over structurally similar proteases, as shown by in vitro protease inhibition data. Structural information, combined with biochemical and enzymatic analyses, provides a novel scaffold for the design of targeted oral small molecule inhibitors of pKal for treatment of HAE and other diseases resulting from unregulated plasma kallikrein activity.
On the existence of a pyrochlore‐type phase in the system Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub> (1995)

Abstract The existence of a bismuth titanate in the range between Bi 2 Ti 4 O 11 (Bi 2 O 3 · 4 TiO 2 ) and Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (2 Bi 2 O 3 3TiO 2 ) has been investigated by X‐ray diffraction of samples prepared by solid state reactions. For reaction temperatures above 1100 °C and a starting composition Bi 2 O 3 · 2 TiO 2 there appeared additional lines which could be attributed to a cubic face‐centred cell with a = 10.354 Å. A multiphase Rietveld analysis based on X‐ray powder diffraction data confirmed the structural model of a pyrochlore for this compound. There is evidence that this phase belongs to the group of defect pyrochlores with a Bi 3+ ‐deficiency resulting in a composition of Bi 1.833 Ti 2 O 6.75 .
Epistasis and the Evolutionary Process (2000)

Introductions and Concepts 1. Why evolutionary genetics doesn't always add up 2. Beyond the average: The evolutionary importance of gene interactions and variability of epistatic effects 3. Epistasis and Complex Traits 4. Detecting epistasis among quantitative trait loci 5. The evolution of developmental interations: Epistasis, canalization, and integration 6. Epistasis and the maintenance of sex 7. Genetic partners in crime: Evolution of an ultraselfish supergene that specializes in sperm sabotage 8. Modeling gene interaction in structured populations 9. Epistasis, linkage, and balancing selection 10. Indirect genetic effects and gene interactions 11. Epistasis in morphology and mating behavior Genetic Differentiation: From Populations to Speciation 12. Gene interactions and the origin of species 13. Epistasis as a genetic constraint within populations and an accelerant of adaptive divergence among them 14. The contribution of epistasis to the evolution of natural populations: A case study of an annual plant 15. Epistasis and the evolution of genetic architectures in natural populations 16. Inferring Epistasis in wild sunflower hybrid zones Literature cited Index
Nonmutagenic Carcinogens Induce Intrachromosomal Recombination in Dividing Yeast Cells (1993)

Robert H. Schiestl, Nonmutagenic Carcinogens Induce Intrachromosomal Recombination in Dividing Yeast Cells, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 101, Supplement 5: Cell Proliferation and Chemical Carcinogenesis (Dec., 1993), pp. 179-184
A New Method of Chemical Modification of <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>‐Amino Group in Adenine Nucleotides with Formaldehyde and a Thiol and Its Application to Preparing Immobilized ADP and ATP (1978)

Reaction of AMP with formaldehyde and 3-mercaptopropionic acid at pH 11.7 gave a new AMP derivative, N6-[(2-carboxyethyl)thiomethyl]-AMP (I) in 91% yield and reaction at pH 3.1 gave another new derivative, N6,N6-bis[(2-carboxyethyl)thiomethyl]-AMP (II) in 57% yield. The structures were determined by their 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra coupled with those of the simple analogues, N6-[(2-carboxyethyl)thiomethyl]-9-methyladenine (III) and N6,N6-bis[(2-carboxyethyl)thiomethyl]-9-methyladenine (IV) which were synthesized from 9-methyladenine in the same way as for derivatives I and II. ADP and ATP were treated in the same way as AMP to afford the corresponding carboxyl derivatives, N6-[(2-carboxyethyl)thiomethyl]-ADP (V), N6-[(2-carboxyethyl)thiomethyl]-ATP (VI), N6,N6-bis[(2-carboxyethyl)thiomethyl]-ADP (X) and N6,N6-bis[(2-carboxyethyl)thiomethyl]-ATP (XI) in 71%, 75%, 53% and 40% yield, respectively. These compounds were coupled to 1,3-diaminopropane with a water-soluble carbodiimide to give the corresponding amino derivatives, N6-([N-3-aminopropyl)carbamoylethyl]thiomethyl)-ADP (VIII), N6-(N-(3-aminopropyl)carbamoylethyl]thiomethyl)-ATP (IX), N6,N6-bis([N-(3-aminopropyl)carbamoylethyl]thiomethyl)-ADP (XIII), and N6,N6-bis([N-(3-aminopropyl)carbamoylethyl]thiomethyl)-ATP (XIV), which were further bound to CNBr-activated dextran to give new polymer-bound derivatives of ADP and ATP. These free and bo-nd derivatives were tested for their coenzymic activities against several kinases. The activities of the ADP derivatives, V, VIII, X, XIII, dextran-bound VIII, and dextran-bound XIII against acetate kinase were 82%, 81%, 68%, 55%, 35%, and 15%, respectively, relative to ADP and those of the ATP derivatives, VI, IX, XI, XIV, dextran-bound IX, and dextran-bound XIV against hexokinase were 88%, 94%, 60%, 81%, 58%, and 49%, respectively, relative to ATP.
Aldosterone and Spironolactone in Heart Failure (1999)

Chronic heart failure occurs most commonly after earlier myocardial infarction or in the presence of long-standing hypertension. The inability of this normally efficient muscular pump to eject or receive blood results in characteristic symptoms and signs. In patients with compensated heart failure, breathlessness and fatigue occur only with moderate or greater levels of exertion, and physical signs of increased plasma and extravascular volumes are absent. Symptoms that occur with minimal exertion or at rest, accompanied by jugular venous distention and edema of the lower extremities, reflect decompensation. Congestive heart failure, a syndrome arising from hypoperfused tissues and congested organs, has . . .