gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subpopulations of Alveolar Macrophages in Smokers and Nonsmokers: Relation to the Expression of CD11/CD18 Molecules and Superoxide Anion Production (1995)

We were previously able to show that the number of alveolar macrophages (AM) expressing CD11/CD18 molecules is increased in smokers compared with nonsmokers and related to the superoxide anion (O2-) production of these cells. Since it has been demonstrated that AM are a heterogeneous cell population that can be separated by density, we performed this study to investigate the expression of CD11/CD18 molecules and O2- production in relation to cell density of AM from smokers and nonsmokers. AM were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from smokers (n = 32) and nonsmokers (n = 20). Subpopulations were isolated using discontinuous Percoll density-gradient centrifugation with four densities (fraction 1: 1.030; fraction 2: 1.040; fraction 3: 1.050; and fraction 4: 1.070 g/ml). Expression of CD11/CD18 on freshly isolated cells and on AM before and after density centrifugation was studied using peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining. The contribution of AM subpopulations to O2- production in smokers was determined by monitoring the reduction of ferricytochrome C to ferrocytochrome C. We obtained 0.92 +/- 0.1 x 10(5) AM/ml BAL in nonsmokers and 2.4 +/- 0.3 x 10(5) AM/ml in smokers. Recovery after density centrifugation was > or = 72%. The absolute number of AM in smokers was significantly increased in fractions 3 and 4 (median 4.37 x 10(6) and 2.05 x 10(6), respectively) compared with nonsmokers (median 1.26 x 10(6) and 0.7 x 10(6), respectively) (p < 0.05). In both smokers and nonsmokers, fractions 3 and 4 showed a comparable increase in the percentage of CD11/CD18-positive AM compared with fractions 1 and 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Demonstration of variation in chondrocyte activity in different zones of articular cartilage: an assessment of the value of in-situ hybridization. (1991)

Several methods have been described for investigating chondrocyte metabolism in vitro. In this study, in-situ hybridization (ISH) using an oligonucleotide probe (i.e. a poly-d(T) probe) to detect total messenger RNA (mRNA) in cartilage explants has been compared with radiosulphate and radioleucine uptake studies in an attempt to assess the value of ISH in investigating chondrocyte metabolism. The relative results of the three parameters indicate qualitative similarities in cells in the intermediate, deep and calcified zones but differences in the superficial zone. The relative levels of mRNA and leucine and sulphate uptake in the midzone areas could be construed as indicating that the bulk of cellular activity was directed towards the synthesis of proteoglycans. A similar relation between the three parameters, but at a lower level, was seen in chondrocytes in the calcified zone demonstrating that these cells are viable and biosynthetic. Both quantitative and qualitative differences between the three methods were observed in the superficial chondrocytes regarding the amount of mRNA compared to sulphate and leucine uptake. The results suggest that ISH can detect differences in the amount of mRNA present in chondrocytes in differing zones of cartilage and, like the radioleucine and radiosulphate studies, particularly emphasizes their functional heterogeneity.
Dexfenfluramine effective in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (2001)

Dexfenfluramine, the therapeutically active dextro-rotatory stereoisomer of fenfluramine, is a serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) agonist. The drug, as well as its active metabolite dexnorfenfluramine, stimulate synaptic serotonin release, inhibit presynaptic serotonin reuptake, and stimulate postsynaptic serotonin receptors directly. Because serotonin circuits are involved in appetite control, both fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine have been widely used as anorexic agents in the treatment of obesity. However, several experimental data indicate that serotonin systems also suppress neuronal network excitability and are, therefore, related to epilepsy.1 We report a patient in whom drug-resistant seizures and food intake disorders were effectively controlled by dexfenfluramine.
Design of a Low-Power Coprocessor for Mid-Size Vocabulary Speech Recognition Systems (2010)

Speech recognition systems have gained popularity in consumer electronics. This paper presents a custom-designed coprocessor for output probability calculation (OPC), which is the most computation-intensive processing step in continuous hidden Markov model (CHMM)-based speech recognition algorithms. To save hardware resource and reduce power consumption, a polynomial addition-based method is used to compute add-log instead of the traditional look-up table-based method. In addition, the optimal tradeoff between speech processing delay, energy consumption, and hardware resources is explored for the coprocessor. The proposed coprocessor has been implemented and tested in Xilinx Spartan-3A DSP XC3SD3400A, and also validated using the standard-cell-based approach in IBM 0.13 μm technology. To implement an entire speech recognition system, SAMSUNG S3C44b0X (containing an ARM7) is used as the micro-controller to execute the rest of speech processing. Tested with a 358-state 3-mixture 27-feature 800-word HMM, S3C44b0X operates at 40 MHz and coprocessor at 10 MHz to meet the real-time requirement, and the recognition accuracy is 95.2%. Power consumption of the micro-controller is 10 mW, and that of the coprocessor 15.2 mW. The overall speech recognition system achieves the lowest energy consumption per word recognition among many reported designs. Experiment and analysis show that the speech recognition system based on the proposed coprocessor is especially suitable for mid-size vocabulary (100-1000 words) recognition tasks.
Characterization of poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy) phosphazene] by an aqueous gel permeation chromatography (1996)

A water-soluble phosphazene polyelectrolyte, poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] (PCPP), was characterized using aqueous gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) with concentration (UV and RI) and molecular weight sensitive (multiangle laser light-scattering) detectors. Agreement was observed between the weight-average molecular weights determined by GPC with a light-scattering detector, conventional GPC using fractionated narrow PCPP standards, and also by static light-scattering measurements. The effect of chromatography conditions, such as ionic strength of the mobile phase, column resolution, and injection volume was investigated. Mark–Houwink constants of PCPP in aqueous solution (phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 0.42MNaCl) were determined. The validity of the universal calibration curve and the occurrence of a secondary nonexclusion mechanism of separation in aqueous GPC of phosphazene polyelectrolytes are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The crystal structure of the mono-potassium salt of l-aspartic acid dihydrate (1971)

Abstract The salt crystallizes in the space group P 2 1 2 1 2 with four molecules of NH 2 , · CH · COOH · CH 2 · COO · K · 2H 2 O in a unit cell of dimensions a = 24.56 Å, b = 6.93 Å and c = 4.99 Å. The structure has been solved by the heavy-atom method and refined by Fourier and least-squares methods. The structure is held together by a system of ionic and hydrogen bonds. Each potassium ion is coordinated by seven oxygen atoms, at distances between 2.68 Å and 3.19 Å and forming an irregular truncated octahedron. Each water molecule is at the centre of a roughly tetrahedral or trigonal arrangement of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic contacts.
Lipid-Drug-Conjugate (LDC) Nanoparticles as Novel Carrier System for the Hydrophilic Antitrypanosomal Drug Diminazenediaceturate (2002)

The objective of the present study was to incorporate the hydrophilic drug diminazenediaceturate at a high loading into lipid nanoparticles by creating nanoparticles from lipid-drug conjugates (LDC). IR and DSC data showed that the antitrypanosomal drug diminazene is able to react with fatty acids to form water-insoluble salts like diminazenedistearate and -dioleate. The salts could be transformed into nanoparticles using high-pressure homogenization technique, established for solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). By using polysorbate 80 as surfactant, physically stable LDC nanoparticle dispersions of both salts could be obtained. The mean PCS diameters and polydispersity indices were 364 nm and 0.233 for diminazenedistearate and 442 nm and 0.268 for diminazenedioleate, respectively. Due to the composition of the LDC bulk materials, nanoparticles with a high drug load of 33% (w/w) were obtained even for this highly water-soluble drug diminazenediaceturate. The new carrier system of LDC nanoparticles overcomes one limitation of SLN, i.e. the limited loading capacity for hydrophilic drugs. Transforming water-soluble hydrophilic drugs into LDC and formation of nanoparticles allows prolonged drug release and targeting to specific sites by i.v. injection. These results provide a first basis of using LDC-polysorbate 80 nanoparticles for brain delivery of diminazene to treat second stage human African trypanosomiasis (HAT).
RNAi for the large non-coding hsrω transcripts suppresses polyglutamine pathogenesis in<i>Drosophila</i>models (2009)

Polyglutamine diseases are a class of inherited neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats translated into elongated glutamine tracts within the mutant proteins. Overexpression of the non-coding hsromega transcripts has been shown to dominantly enhance polyQ induced cytotoxicity in Drosophila. In the present study we demonstrate that RNA interference mediated downregulation of hsromega-n transcripts is sufficient to suppress pathogenesis in several Drosophila models of human polyQ neurodegenerative diseases. Loss of hsromega-n RNA not only suppresses the eye-specific degeneration mediated by GMR-GAL4 driven expression of the 127Q or MJDtr-Q78 or ataxin1 82Q or httex1p Q93 transgene, but also rescues premature death of flies expressing the expanded polyQ proteins pan-neuronally using the elav-GAL4 driver. We further demonstrate that the morphological and functional rescue of polyQ toxicity observed upon hsromega-n RNAi is associated with substantial reduction of polyQ protein aggregation without affecting transcription of the 127Q transgene. Unlike in the polyQ expressing cells, co-expression of hsromega-n RNAi also abolishes the induction of Hsp70. These results suggest that the hsromega transcripts have a role in early stages of polyQ aggregate formation. Interestingly, hsromega-RNAi has, at best, only a marginal effect on neuropathy following overexpression of normal or mutant tau protein in flies. Functional analogues of the large non-coding hsromega transcripts in human thus appear to be promising candidates as therapeutic targets for the polyQ-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.
Engineered Biosynthesis of Novel Polyketides: Analysis of tcmN Function in Tetracenomycin Biosynthesis (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEngineered Biosynthesis of Novel Polyketides: Analysis of tcmN Function in Tetracenomycin BiosynthesisRobert McDaniel, C. R. Hutchinson, and Chaitan KhoslaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 26, 6805–6810Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00131a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00131a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views391Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Successive interference cancellation with SISO decoding and EM channel estimation (2001)

We derive a low-complexity receiver scheme for joint multiuser decoding and parameter estimation of code division multiple access signals. The resulting receiver processes the users serially and iteratively and makes use of soft-in soft-out single-user decoders, of soft interference cancellation and of expectation-maximization parameter estimation as the main building blocks. Computer simulations show that the proposed receiver achieves near single-user performance at very high channel load (number of users per chip) and outperforms conventional schemes with similar complexity.
Studies of the Biological Properties of Human β-Defensin 1 (2006)

Defensins are small (30-45 amino acid residues) cationic proteins with broad antimicrobial activity against many bacteria and fungi, some enveloped viruses, and other activities such as chemoattraction of a range of different cell types to the sites of inflammation. These proteins represent attractive targets for developing novel antimicrobial agents and modulators of immune responses with therapeutic applicability. In this report, we present the results of functional and structural studies of 26 single-site mutants of human beta-defensin 1 (hBD1). All mutants were assayed for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC strain 25922) and for chemotactic activity with CCR6-transfected HEK293 cells. To analyze the structural implications of mutagenesis and to verify the correctness of the disulfide connectivity, we used x-ray crystallography to conduct complete structural studies for 10 mutants in which the topology of disulfides was the same as in the native hBD1. Mutations did not induce significant changes of the tertiary structure, suggesting that the observed alterations of biological properties of the mutants were solely associated with changes in the respective side chains. We found that cationic residues located near the C terminus (Arg(29), Lys(31), Lys(33), and Lys(36)) of hBD1 define most of the anti-E. coli in vitro activity of this protein. In turn, nearly all mutations altering the CCR6-mediated chemotaxis are located at one area of the protein, defined by the N-terminal alpha-helical region (Asp(1)... Ser(8)) and a few topologically adjacent residues (Lys(22), Arg(29), and Lys(33)). These experimental results allow for the first time drafting of the CCR6-epitope for a defensin molecule.
The Right to Travel and Exclusionary Zoning (1975)

Golden v. Planning Bd., 30 N.Y.2d 359
New Concepts in Nasal Tip Contouring (2006)

Control of nasal tip contour has always been a key component of a successful rhinoplasty. Typically, this procedure is performed with an emphasis on narrowing the nasal tip structure. Creating a natural-appearing nasal tip contour is a complex task and requires a 3-dimensional approach. In an effort to identify the characteristics that make an ideal nasal tip, I evaluated numerous aesthetically pleasing nasal tips. After extensive study, I created a series of images to demonstrate how specific contours create highlights and shadows that will help guide the surgeon in creating a natural-appearing nasal tip contour. Many commonly used nasal tip techniques can pinch the tip structures if an overemphasis is placed on narrowing. These changes isolate the dome region of the nasal tip and can create an undesirable shadow between the tip lobule and alar lobule. Prior to contouring the nasal tip, the surgeon must stabilize the base of the nose with a columellar strut, suturing the medial crura to a long caudal septum, caudal extension graft, or an extended columellar strut graft. Stabilizing the nasal base will ensure that tip projection is maintained postoperatively. To contour the nasal tip, dome sutures are frequently used to flatten the lateral crura and eliminate tip bulbosity. Placement of dome sutures can deform the lateral crura and displace the caudal margin of the lateral crura well below the cephalic margin. This can result in a pinched nasal tip with the characteristic demarcation between the tip and the alar lobule. Alar rim grafts can be used to support the alar margin and create a defined ridge that extends from the tip lobule to the alar lobule. This form of restructuring can create a natural-appearing nasal tip contour with a horizontal tip orientation continuing out to the alar lobule. When dome sutures alone are inadequate, lateral crural strut grafts are used to eliminate convexity and prevent deformity of the lateral crura. Shield tip grafts can be used in patients with thick skin and an underprojected nasal tip. Whenever a shield tip graft is used, it must be appropriately camouflaged to avoid undesirable visualization of the graft as the postoperative edema subsides. When contouring the nasal tip, the surgeon should focus more on creating favorable shadows and highlights and less on narrowing. Nasal tips contoured in this manner will look more natural and will better withstand the forces of scar contracture that can negatively affect rhinoplasty outcomes.
RAF inhibition and induction of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (2010)

This review discusses the various mechanisms that could be implicated in the appearance of skin tumors during the course of anti-RAF treatments as well as the implications of these findings for clinical practice and future drug development. The unexpected emergence of tumors during the course of anticancer therapies is a concern that stimulates an active field of research in the aim of understanding the underlying mechanisms and preventing if possible skin tumor initiation.
Glycosylation Products As Toxic Mediators Of Diabetic Complications (1991)

Postpartum depression (PPD) is common, disabling, and treatable. The strongest risk factor is a history of mood or anxiety disorder, especially having active symptoms during pregnancy. As PPD is one of the most common complications of childbirth, it is ...Read More
Beiträge zur Darstellung und Struktur des Phosphorperoxids (1963)

Abstract Eine verbesserte Darstellungsmethode für Phosphorperoxid wird beschrieben. Sein Verhalten bei der thermischen Zersetzung und bei der Reaktion mit Wasser wird untersucht. Die thermische Zersetzung erweist die Existenz zweier Peroxide. Das eine violette radikalartige ist nur bei niedriger Temperatur beständig und geht beim Erwärmen in das farblose bis 130° stabile Peroxid über, dem die Formel P 4 O 11 zukommt. Es reagiert mit Wasser nach P 4 O 11 + 4 H 2 O  H 4 P 2 O 7 + H 4 P 2 O 8 . Bei der Darstellung des Peroxids in Gegenwart geringer Mengen Stickstoff entsteht eine stickoxidhaltige Verbindung. Sie liefert mit Wasser eine in alkalischem Milieu beständige Stickoxidtetrametaphosphorsäure, deren Struktur diskutiert wird.
Galectin-1 from Bovine Spleen: Biochemical Characterization, Carbohydrate Specificity and Tissue-Specific Isoform Profiles (1996)

Selected biochemical properties, including the charge heterodispersity profile and carbohydrate specificity, of bovine galectin-1 were determined in detail. The lectin was purified through an improved purification protocol that yielded 35-40 mg/kg of wet tissue with a specific activity of 1.7-2 x 10(4) mg-1.ml. The galectin is a homodimer of approximately 14.5 kDa subunits with E(280)mg/ml of 0.65 ml.mg-1.cm-1. When stored in the presence of its carbohydrate ligand, the lectin's binding activity remained stable in a non-reducing environment even at room temperature. The optimal pH for binding to the ligand was 6.5-8.0. The overall carbohydrate specificity of the bovine galectin-1 isolated from spleen is similar to that of the galectin isolated from heart and to other mammalian galectins that exhibit "conserved" (Type I) carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) [Ahmed, H. and Vasta, G.R. (1994) Glycobiology 4, 545-549], but differs from those from Xenopus laevis and rat intestine domain I. The fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside was quenched on binding to bovine spleen galectin-1. Scatchard plots of data obtained at 5, 15, and 30 degrees C showed that the galectin has two sugar exothermic binding sites with association constants of 3.4 x 10(5), 1.0 x 10(5), and 0.3 x 10(5), respectively. Chemical modification studies indicated that histidine, tryptophan, carboxylic acid, and arginine, but not lysine or tyrosine, are involved in the binding to the carbohydrate ligand. On isoelectric focusing, the spleen galectin-1 appeared as six isoforms ranging from pI4.56-4.88 with main components at pI 4.63 (34.0%), 4.73 (42.6%), and 4.88 (16.6%). The galectin-1 isolated from heart yielded a quali- and quantitatively different profile with four isoforms ranging from pI 4.53-4.73, those with pIs of 4.56, 4.63, and 4.73 being common to the spleen homolog. Edman degradation of selected peptides purified from the spleen galectin-1 digest revealed amino acid sequences identical to those obtained for the heart galectin-1. This suggests that although point mutations in the subunit primary structure may not be the likely source of isolectins, as observed for X. laevis, tissue-specific co- or post-translational modifications may be the possible cause of the differences in the galectin isoform profile between bovine spleen and heart.
Flow-induced vascular remodeling in the mesenteric artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats (2008)

The effect of an increased blood flow on vascular remodeling was studied in the mesenteric arteries of 11-12-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Increased blood flow was induced by selective ligation of mesenteric arteries. Nearby arteries with normal blood flow were used as controls. 7-10 days after the ligation procedure, mesenteric arteries were fixed in situ at maximal relaxation by perfusion fixation. Morphometric measurement of vascular dimension was carried out with confocal microscopy. Apoptotic cells were detected by the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling method. Cell growth was quantified by using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in sections of paraffin-embedded vessels. In SHR, elevated blood flow increased the vessel wall dimension and the number of smooth muscle cell (SMC) layers and also increased the wall-to-lumen ratio and the number of PCNA-positive SMC, but did not change lumen size or number of apoptotic SMC. In WKY, on the other hand, increased blood flow resulted in an increase in lumen diameter, a reduction of apoptotic SMC, but no change in wall-to-lumen ratio, number of SMC layers, or number of PCNA-positive SMC. These results showed that mesenteric arteries from hypertensive and normotensive rats respond to an increase in blood flow differently: a lumen enlargement with reduced SMC apoptosis in WKY, but an increased wall-to-lumen ratio with enhanced SMC growth in SHR. Although it remains to be determined whether flow alteration is one of the initiating factors in the development of vascular remodeling in hypertension, we speculate that an increase in cardiac output, and therefore an increase in shear stress that occurs in young SHR, contributes to vascular remodelling in this model of hypertension.
5.4.2 Ontology‐Enabled Traceability Mechanisms (2010)

Abstract This paper describes new models and mechanisms for ontology‐enabled traceability where design concepts are inserted between the already connected requirements and engineering objects Looking ahead, we envision that ontology‐enabled traceability will play an important role in the development of network‐enabled platforms for analysis, design, and early validation and verification of information‐age engineering systems.