gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elicitor‐induced changes in isoflavonoid metabolism in red clover roots (2001)

When roots of 5-d-old red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seedlings were treated with chitohexaose and CuCl(2), constitutive glucosidic conjugates of formononetin (F) and (-)-maackiain (Ma) promptly disappeared. Free F and Ma, which were not detected in the control tissues, rapidly appeared to reach the maximum levels 24 h after the initiation of treatment and then declined. The pattern of appearance and disappearance was the same between the tissues treated with chitohexaose and CuCl(2). The enzyme activities related to isoflavonoid metabolism were investigated using crude extracts from elicitor-treated roots. The conjugate-forming glucosyltransferase and malonyltransferase activities were lost or markedly reduced after elicitor treatment. On the other hand, malonylesterase and glucosidase activities remained unchanged or showed only slight increase. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity disappeared following elicitor treatment. These results indicated that free aglycones were produced from the conjugate pool by hydrolysis under conditions in which the biosynthetic pathway was extinguished. The amount of Ma produced did not explain that of MaGM lost (about 45%). Since Ma, but not its conjugates, served as a substrate for peroxidase from the elicitor-treated roots, Ma was considered to be converted to insoluble materials.
Investigating Siamese LSTM networks for text categorization (2017)

Recently, deep learning and deep neural networks have attracted considerable attention and emerged as one predominant field of research in the artificial intelligence community. The developed techniques have also gained widespread use in various domains with good success, such as automatic speech recognition, information retrieval and text classification, etc. Among them, long short-term memory (LSTM) networks are well suited to such tasks, which can capture long-range dependencies among words efficiently, meanwhile alleviating the gradient vanishing or exploding problem during training effectively. Following this line of research, in this paper we explore a novel use of a Siamese LSTM based method to learn more accurate document representation for text categorization. Such a network architecture takes a pair of documents with variable lengths as the input and utilizes pairwise learning to generate distributed representations of documents that can more precisely render the semantic distance between any pair of documents. In doing so, documents associated with the same semantic or topic label could be mapped to similar representations having a relatively higher semantic similarity. Experiments conducted on two benchmark text categorization tasks, viz. IMDB and 20Newsgroups, show that using a three-layer deep neural network based classifier that takes a document representation learned from the Siamese LSTM sub-networks as the input can achieve competitive performance in relation to several state-of-the-art methods.
Pivotal Advance: CD45RB glycosylation is specifically regulated during human peripheral B cell differentiation (2011)

A screen of cell surface markers differentially expressed during peripheral B cell differentiation identified that the CD45RB epitope detected by the mAb MEM-55 was highly expressed on CD27(+) memory B cells and absent on CD27(-) naïve B cells. IgG(+)CD27(-) memory and a previously unacknowledged CD27(-) population in blood also expressed high levels of CD45RB(MEM55). Naïve and memory B cells from tonsils followed the pattern observed in blood, and CD38(high) B cells had a bimodal expression pattern when analyzed using flow cytometry. No CD38(high) GC B cells, however, expressed the CD45RB(MEM55) epitope when assayed using immunohistochemistry. Rather, CD38(high)CD45RB(MEM55high) B cells had a distinct cellular phenotype and were localized outside of GCs. CD45RB epitopes, detected by other antibody clones, were expressed at high levels through B cell differentiation, and no changes in splicing of the CD45RB exon were observed during B cell differentiation. Instead, B cells regulated their expression of the CD45RB(MEM55) epitope through site-specific modifications of an O-linked glycochain. CD4(+) T cells differentially spliced CD45 but did not vary the glycosylation of the CD45RB(MEM55) epitope, and CD8(+) cells modified CD45RB(MEM55) expression in a similar manner as B cells. Monocytes expressed the CD45RB exon but not the CD45RB(MEM55) epitope. As CD45 is a highly expressed tyrosine phosphatase that regulates antigen receptor signaling strength in lymphocytes, we conclude that regulated O-linked glycosylation of CD45RB can be used to follow B cell differentiation and that this regulation may be involved in fine-tuning antigen signaling in the cell.
Opening-up of liposomal membranes by talin (1998)

Morphological changes of liposomes caused by interactions between liposomal membranes and talin, a cytoskeletal submembranous protein, were studied by direct, real-time observation by using high-intensity dark-field microscopy. Surprisingly, when talin was added to a liposome solution, liposomes opened stable holes and were transformed into cup-shaped liposomes. The holes became larger with increasing talin concentration, and finally the cup-shaped liposomes were transformed into lipid bilayer sheets. These morphological changes were reversed by protein dilution, i.e., the sheets could be transformed back into closed spherical liposomes. We demonstrated that talin was localized mainly along the membrane verges, presumably avoiding exposure of its hydrophobic portion at the edge of the lipid bilayer. This is the first demonstration that a lipid bilayer can stably maintain a free verge in aqueous solution. This finding refutes the established dogma that all lipid bilayer membranes inevitably form closed vesicles and suggests that talin is a useful tool for manipulating liposomes.
Cost-optimal, robust charging of electrically-fueled commercial vehicle fleets via machine learning (2014)

Electrification for commercial vehicle fleets presents opportunity to cut emissions, reduce fuel costs, and improve operational metrics. However, infrastructure limitations in urban areas often inhibit the ability to charge a significant number of electric vehicles, especially under one roof. This paper highlights a novel controls approach developed at GE Global Research in conjunction with Columbia University to fulfill the stated needs for intelligent charging of a commercial fleet of electric vehicles. This novel approach combines traditional control techniques with machine learning algorithms to adapt to customer behavior over time. The stated controls system is designed to regulate the charging rate of multiple electric vehicle supply equipment devices (EVSEs) to facilitate cost-optimal charging subject to past and predicted building load, vehicle energy requirements, and current conditions. In this embodiment, the system is primarily designed to mitigate electric demand charges that may otherwise occur due to charging at inopportune times. The system will be deployed at a New York City FedEx Express delivery depot in partnership with the local utility, Consolidated Edison Company of New York.
The future of nanodielectrics in the electrical power industry (2004)

While specialty applications of nanotechnology in the photonics and electronics areas have seen a tremendous growth in the past several years, the use of nanodielectrics in the electrical industry (high power density and high voltage) has not shown the same level of activity. In addition to a review of nanodielectrics, we discuss in this paper, our perspective on the current status, development needs and future potential to build or engineer nanostructured materials for dielectric applications in the electrical power industry. Short and long-term future research and development needs are considered from the point of view of industrial applications.
Interplay of Rabi Oscillations and Quantum Interference in Semiconductor Quantum Dots (2002)

We investigated the manifestation of Rabi oscillation in the coherent dynamics of excitons in self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots. The Rabi oscillation phenomenon was directly observed as a function of the input pulse area. Furthermore, by performing wave packet interferometry in the nonlinear excitation regime, we discover a new type of quantum interference phenomenon, resulting from the interplay between Rabi oscillation and quantum interference.
Designing reliable high-power limiter circuits with GaAs PIN diodes (2003)

This paper presents the latest GaAs PIN diode rf reliability data. An acceleration factor predicting lifetime as a function of diode perimeter and rf power level is proposed. Power handling measurements of an improved PIN diode layout that provides superior performance for both power handling and small signal loss/bandwidth is presented. Finally the design principles for a high power limiter will be reviewed.
A Local Model and Calibration Set Ensemble Strategy for Open-Path FTIR Gas Measurement with Varying Temperature (2013)

Abstract Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared OP-FTIR spectrometers are commonly used for the measurement of atmospheric pollutants and of gases in industrial processes. Spectral interpretation for the determination of gas concentrations is based on the HITRAN database line-by-line modeling method. This article describes algorithms used to model gas spectra and to determine gas concentration under variable temperatures. Integration of individual rotational lines has been used to reduce the impact of spectrometer functions on the comparison of both measured and synthetic modeled spectra. Carbon monoxide was used as an example. A new algorithm for gas concentration retrieval consisting of two ensemble methods is proposed. The first method uses an ensemble of local models based on linear and non-linear PLS (partial least square) regression algorithms, while the second is an ensemble of a calibration set built for different temperatures. It is possible to combine these methods to decrease the number of regression models in the first ensemble. These individual models are appropriate for specific measurement conditions specified by the ensemble of the calibration set. Model selection is based on comparison of gas spectra with values determined from each local model
A Case of Systemic Sclerosis Associated with Gastric Cancer (1999)

We report the case of a 47-year-old woman who began to experience stiffness and Raynaud's phenomenon of her fingers and toes as well as easy fatigability approximately one year before initial evaluation. Histopathologic examination revealed dense fibrosis and perivascular lymphoid cell infiltration in the dermis. The patient's diagnosis was systemic sclerosis (SSc). Esophageal sclerosis was not revealed, but an early type IIb carcinoma of the gastric antrum was noted by endoscopic examination. Other recent reports have discussed the association of SSc with various malignant carcinomas. We also reviewed the literature for associations between SSc and gastric cancer in Japanese patients.
Purification and characterization of cathepsin J from rat liver (1992)

Cathepsin J has been partially purified [Liao, J. C. R. & Lenney, J. F. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 124, 909-916], but its detailed properties are still unknown. In this study, we have purified cathepsin J completely and characterized it. It was purified to homogeneity from the mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction of rat liver by acid treatment, followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation (20-65%), and chromatographies on S-Sepharose, ConA-Sepharose, Affi-gel 501, HPLC DEAE-5PW and HPLC TSK G3000SW. Cathepsin J was found to be a lysosomal high-molecular-mass cysteine protease of about 160 kDa consisted of two different subunits. One subunit (alpha subunit) was a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 19-24 kDa which was reduced to 19 kDa by treatment with endoglycosidase F. It has the amino acid sequence LPESWDWRNVR at its N-terminus, which was very similar to those at the N-termini of rat cathepsins B, H and L. The other subunit (beta subunit) was a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 17 kDa, which was reduced to 14 kDa by treatment with endoglycosidase F. It had DTPANETYPDLLG at its N-terminus, which had no similarity with the N-terminal sequences of other cathepsins. Cathepsin J showed strong affinity for synthetic substrates such as N-benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanyl-arginine 4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide and glycyl-arginine beta-naphthylamide. It was activated by thiol reagents and chloride ion and was inhibited by cysteine protease inhibitors. However, its initial inhibition constant Ki(initial) by N-(L-3-trans-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)-L-leucine-3- methylbutylamide (E-64-c) was 1800 nM, which was 100-500 times those of cathepsins B and L. Many properties of cathepsin J were similar to those of cathepsin C (dipeptidylaminopeptidase I) reported as a lysosomal cysteine protease with dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase activity [McDonald, J. K., Reilly, T. J. & Ellis, S. (1964) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 16, 135-140]. Furthermore, antiserum against rat liver cathepsin C reacted with rat liver cathepsin J. These findings suggested that cathepsin J is identical with cathepsin C.
A natural variant of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase isolated from flour mill wastewaters sheds light on the origin of high thermostability (2004)

BLA thermal performances are not naturally maximized and can be substantially improved by protein engineering.
Locus-Specific Microemulsion Catalysts for Sulfur Mustard (HD) Chemical Warfare Agent Decontamination (2009)

The rates of catalytic oxidative decontamination of the chemical warfare agent (CWA) sulfur mustard (HD, bis(2-chlororethyl) sulfide) and a range (chloroethyl) sulfide simulants of variable lipophilicity have been examined using a hydrogen peroxide-based microemulsion system. SANS (small-angle neutron scattering), SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering), PGSE-NMR (pulsed-gradient spin-echo NMR), fluorescence quenching, and electrospray mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) were implemented to examine the distribution of HD, its simulants, and their oxidation/hydrolysis products in a model oil-in-water microemulsion. These measurements not only present a means of interpreting decontamination rates but also a rationale for the design of oxidation catalysts for these toxic materials. Here we show that by localizing manganese-Schiff base catalysts at the oil droplet-water interface or within the droplet core, a range of (chloroethyl) sulfides, including HD, spanning some 7 orders of octanol-water partition coefficient (K(ow)), may be oxidized with equal efficacy using dilute (5 wt. % of aqueous phase) hydrogen peroxide as a noncorrosive, environmentally benign oxidant (e.g., t(1/2) (HD) approximately 18 s, (2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide, C(6)H(5)SCH(2)CH(2)Cl) approximately 15 s, (thiodiglycol, S(CH(2)CH(2)OH)(2)) approximately 19 s {20 degrees C}). Our observations demonstrate that by programming catalyst lipophilicity to colocalize catalyst and substrate, the inherent compartmentalization of the microemulsion can be exploited to achieve enhanced rates of reaction or to exert control over product selectivity. A combination of SANS, ESI-MS and fluorescence quenching measurements indicate that the enhanced catalytic activity is due to the locus of the catalyst and not a result of partial hydrolysis of the substrate.
Hybrid shared-memory and message-passing multiprocessor system-on-chip for UWB MAC (2012)

This paper proposes a hybrid shared-memory/message-passing MPSoC for UWB MAC layer. It is targeted to provide an energy-efficient UWB MAC solution, especially for hand-set devices. The proposed MPSoC consists of four processors which are connected by a dedicated network for inter-processor communication. On the other hand, each processor also equips a bus interface, and thus, enables to access external shared space. Experimental results show the proposed MPSoC achieves 54% average execution cycle reduction compared with a uniprocessor SoC.
Interleukin‐4‐ and interleukin‐13‐mediated host protection against intestinal nematode parasites (2004)

Intestinal worm infections characteristically induce T-helper 2 cell (Th2) cytokine production. We reviewed studies performed with mice infected with either of two intestinal nematode parasites, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Trichinella spiralis, that evaluate the importance of the Th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 in protection against these parasites. These studies demonstrate that while IL-4/IL-13 protect against both parasites by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6) through IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha) ligation, Stat6 activation protects against these parasites through different mechanisms. Stat6-dependent gene transcription promotes expulsion of N. brasiliensis solely through effects on non-bone marrow-derived cells that may include enhancement of intestinal smooth muscle contractility, changes in intestinal epithelial cell function, and increased intestinal mucus secretion. In contrast, Stat6 signaling promotes immunity to T. spiralis both through effects on bone marrow-derived cells that can be reproduced by treating mice with IL-4 or IL-13 and through effects on non-bone marrow-derived cells. The former effects appear to include T-cell-dependent induction of intestinal mastocytosis, while the latter sensitize non-bone marrow-derived cells to mast cell-produced mediators. We argue that a limited ability of the host immune system to distinguish among different nematode parasites has led to the evolution of a stereotyped Th2 response that activates a set of effector mechanisms that protects against most intestinal nematode parasites.
The organophosphate sarin, at low concentrations, inhibits the evoked release of GABA in rat hippocampal slices. (1999)

In the present study, the whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp technique was applied to neurons of the CA1 pyramidal layer of rat hippocampal slices to investigate the effects of the organophosphate (OP) sarin on field stimulation-evoked and on tetrodotoxin (TTX)-insensitive postsynaptic currents (PSCs) mediated by activation of type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors or AMPA-type glutamate receptors. At 0.3-1 nM, sarin reduced the amplitude of GABA-mediated PSCs and had no effect on the amplitude of glutamatergic PSCs evoked by field stimulation of neurons synaptically connected to the neuron under study. The effect of sarin on evoked GABAergic PSCs was unrelated to cholinesterase inhibition, was partially reversed upon washing of the neurons with sarin-free external solution, and was mediated by a direct interaction of the OP with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors present on presynaptic GABAergic neurons. Sarin had no effect on the amplitude or kinetics of GABA- or glutamate-mediated miniature postsynaptic currents (MPSCs) recorded in the presence of the Na+-channel blocker TTX (300 nM), indicating that the OP does not interact with GABA(A) or glutamate receptors. Further, sarin did not alter the frequency of GABAergic or glutamatergic MPSCs, a finding that led to the conclusion that this OP does not affect the TTX-insensitive release of neurotransmitters. A selective reduction by sarin of the action potential-dependent release of GABA in the hippocampus can account for the occurrence of seizures in intoxicated subjects.
Demonstration of a monolithic npn and pnp complementary HBT technology (1990)

The monolithic integration of complementary AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) has been accomplished using selective MOVPE to regrow an Npn HBT on a Pnp HBT waler. A non-self- aligned mesa process was used in fabricating the transistors. Pnps (Npns) with a. minimum geometry emitter of 6?m by 12?m yielded a current gain of 300 (75) which was not degraded by the regrowth process and an ft of 2.5 (22) GHz. An inverting amplifier with feedback for unity gain, a push-pull emitter follower and a complementary Gilbert Gain Cell amplifier were fabricated and tested indicating the feasibility for high speed (Al)GaAs HBT operational amplifiers (op-amps).
Long-term resource fairness (2014)

Fair resource allocation is a key building block of any shared computing system. However, MemoryLess Resource Fairness (MLRF), widely used in many existing frameworks such as YARN, Mesos and Dryad, is not suitable for pay-as-you-use computing. To address this problem, this paper proposes Long-Term Resource Fairness (LTRF), a novel fair resource allocation mechanism. We show that LTRF satisfies several highly desirable properties. First, LTRF incentivizes clients to share resources via group-buying by ensuring that no client is better off in a computing system that she buys and uses individually. Second, LTRF incentivizes clients to submit non-trivial workloads and be willing to yield unneeded resources to others. Third, LTRF has a resource-as-you-pay fairness property, which ensures the amount of resources that each client should get according to her monetary cost, despite that her resource demand varies over time. Finally, LTRF is strategy-proof, since it can make sure that a client cannot get more resources by lying about her demand. We have implemented LTRF in YARN by developing LTYARN, a long-term YARN fair scheduler, and shown that it leads to a better resource fairness than other state-of-the-art fair schedulers.
Synopsis of the Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Profile of the Low Molecular Weight Heparinoid Org 10172 in Experimental Models (1989)

Org 10172 shows dose-dependent antithrombotic activity in various experimental thrombosis models. It produces less hemorrhage at an equivalent antithrombotic effect than commercial heparin in various experimental bleeding models. It shows a better benefit (antithrombotic) to risk (bleeding) ratio than SP54 and commercial heparin. The benefit to risk ratio of Org 10172 is better than some LMW heparins and equivalent to other LMW heparins, depending on the method of preparation. The antithrombotic effect of Org 10172 in animal models has a much longer duration than that of commercial heparin and also LMW heparins. Org 10172 predominantly inactivates generated thrombin via the formation of HC II-thrombin complexes, whereas commercial heparin and LMW heparins inactivate generated thrombin via AT III-thrombin complexes.
Brown adipose tissue as an anti‐obesity tissue in humans (2013)

During the 11th Stock Conference held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, world-leading experts came together to present and discuss recent developments made in the field of brown adipose tissue biology. Owing to the vast capacity of brown adipose tissue for burning food energy in the process of thermogenesis, and due to demonstrations of its presence in adult humans, there is tremendous interest in targeting brown adipose tissue as an anti-obesity tissue in humans. However, the future of such therapeutic approaches relies on our understanding of the origin, development, recruitment, activation and regulation of brown adipose tissue in humans. As reviewed here, the 11th Stock Conference was organized around these themes to discuss the recent progress made in each aspect, to identify gaps in our current understanding and to further provide a common groundwork that could support collaborative efforts aimed at a future therapy for obesity, based on brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.