gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Main-Chain Viologen Polymers:  Homopolymer of 4,4‘-Bipyridyl with the Ditosylate of <i>trans</i>-1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol and Its Copolymers with the Ditosylate of 1,8-Octanediol (1998)

A series of viologen polymers based on 4,4‘-bipyridyl and the ditosylates of trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and 1,8-octanediol was prepared by the quaternization reaction in acetonitrile. Their polyelectrolyte behavior in a common organic solvent was studied by viscosity measurements, and their chemical structures were determined by FTIR and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopies. They were characterized for their lyotropic properties in a number of polar organic solvents by polarizing light microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry and for their photochromic properties by UV−vis spectroscopy. As expected, their inherent viscosity in methanol decreased dramatically with the increase in concentration in the absence of an added electrolyte. Although each of these polymers contained the ionic group along the backbone of the polymer chain, there was an array of weak ion-pair dipoles between the tosylate ion and the 4,4‘-bipyridinium ion in each of them, which was indicated by the appearance of symmetric stretching band of SO at a lower frequency (1034 cm-1) when compared with that of −SO3Na (1064 cm-1) in its IR spectrum. The aromatic protons of 4,4‘-bipyridinium ion in each of these polymers exhibited three pairs of signals as opposed to a pair of doublets that generally occurs in small molecules containing this ion. These three pairs of signals were related to the structure and dynamics of these ionic polymers in a polar solvent such as methanol, which were studied by DEPT, 1H−1H COSY, and NOESY spectroscopies. Each of them showed a lyotropic lamellar phase in methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerine, and benzyl alcohol. Their critical concentrations (C* values) were as low as 5 wt % and as high as 20−40 wt %, and their concentrations for the development of fully grown lyotropic phase were as low as 10−20 wt % and as high as 40−50 wt % in various alcohols depending on the polarity of the solvents, the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the solvents, and the microstructures of these polymers. Additionally, their lyotropic solutions in either glycerine or benzyl alcohol, on irradiation with UV light, produced a deep blue color in the presence of air, but in absence of both a photosensitizer and a sacrificial donor. This deep blue solution had two absorption bands at 390 and 608 nm, which are the characteristic absorption bands of the viologen cation radical. The generation of this blue color occurred due to the photoreduction of the 4,4‘-bipyridinium moiety via the electron transfer from the tosylate counterion.
Remote noncontacting measurements of heat transfer coefficients for detection of boundary layer transition in wind tunnel tests (1987)

An infrared measurement system is used that consists of a laser heating source, an infrared camera for data acquisition, and a video recorder for data storage. A laser beam is scanned over an airfoil, heating its surface to a few degrees above ambient. An infrared camera then measures the temperature of the airfoil over a two-dimensional field, and these temperatures are stored as a function of time on a video recorder. The resulting temperature pictures are digitized and an iterative approximation algorithm is used to extract the heat transfer coefficient. The resulting values are normalized to the natural convection condition. The technique has been applied in low-speed wind tunnel tests and compared to well-established hot-film measurements which were made simultaneously to confirm the flow conditions. Heat transfer coefficients were determined using a linear scanning pattern, to indicate the position of natural and of artificially induced transition on an airfoil, at various wind speeds. The technique is shown to be sensitive to transition at low Mach numbers. The advantages of the technique are discussed.
Wavelength-selective grating mirrors for high-power thin-disk lasers (2009)

Laser sources with tuneable or stabilized emission wavelength and/or reduced spectral bandwidth have many applications in various fields, like second-harmonic generation [1], spectroscopy, wavelength multiplexing etc. The required wavelength control can be accomplished by several means, e.g. by introducing wavelength-selective elements such as prisms, gratings, etalons, birefringent filters, etc. into the laser resonator. Some of these elements (e.g. conventional gratings and multi-plate birefringent filters) introduce significant additional losses to the resonator. This limits their application to high-power lasers, especially to thin-disk lasers which are, due to the low gain of the disk, very sensitive to intra-cavity losses. Most of these elements (e.g. prisms, birefringent filters, and etalons) are used in transmission, which can lead to a reduced dynamic stability and to beam quality deteriorations due to thermal lensing effects which occur under high power levels.
Manganese Inhibits Viability of Prostate Cancer Cells (2018)

To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating Mn as a potential agent in prostate cancer therapy.
Estimation of seismic anisotropy from P-wave VSP data (2007)

Many rock formations are anisotropic. Their anisotropy, or dependence of seismic velocities on the direction of wave propagation, has been extensively studied and documented throughout the world. It is now widely accepted that understanding subsurface anisotropy yields numerous benefits for both exploration and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. For example, seismic images produced with ani-sotropic velocity fields are usually crisper and geologically more meaningful than those created with traditional isotropic velocity models. In addition, relating anisotropy to its physical causes (such as lithology, fractures, stresses) enables one to obtain valuable information about them, something that cannot be done if the rocks are deemed isotropic. Making accurate measurements of anisotropy is an obvious prerequisite for all these potential improvements. To be most useful, such measurements should be done in-situ and in the seismic frequency range. Here we discuss a recently developed technique for estimating anisotropy from P-wave VSP data and present two examples of its application in different settings.
Three Dimensional Chaff Simulator (1966)

In the field of training and simulation techniques there has long been a need for a device which could be used to effectively expose radar operators to the effects of jamming caused by chaff. Chaff consists of strips of metal which are dispensed from aircraft either by ejection or by a series of drops. Each bundle of chaff contains thousands of these metal strips, cut in various lengths to act as reflectors to a variety of radar frequencies. Chaff is generally dispensed in the area between a radar site and the group of aircraft to be shielded from the radar site. Once the chaff is released normal air currents and gravity cause the chaff to disperse and drift. The radar interference effects can last as long as 30 minutes. A chaff simulator was developed to realistically provide video inputs to operational radar equipment for the purpose of exposing radar operators to this type of jamming. The physical nature of this type of jamming necessitates the use of a three dimensional simulation concept which effectively takes into account the azimuth and elevation beam widths of the radar antenna. A hybrid digital/analog simulator has been developed which provides a realistic radar presentation including the effects of wind, gravity, radar range, scintillation, and antenna pattern. The system is divided into several building blocks, including a target motion generator, the electronic chaff dispenser unit, the chaff position memory unit, the analog computer, the radar simulator, and the video processor.
Recognizing Fake identities in Online Social Networks based on a Finite Automaton approach (2016)

Online Social Networks (OSNs) are a great venue for scammers to impersonate the identities of users via creating fake profiles. Fake profiles are a popular tool for the intruders which can be used to carry out malicious activities such as impersonation attacks and harming persons' reputation and privacy in (OSN). Hence, recognizing the identities of fake profiles is one of the critical security problems in OSNs. In this paper, we proposed a detection mechanism called Fake Profiles Recognizer (FPR) for recognizing and detecting Fake Profiles in OSNs. The detection methodology in FPR is based on the functionality of Regular Expression and Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) approaches for recognizing the identity of profiles. We evaluated our detection system on three popular types of Online Social Networks: Facebook, Google+, and Twitter. The results explored high accuracy, efficiency, and low False Positive Rate of FPR mechanism in detecting the identities of Fake Profiles. In addition, our proposed detection mechanism achieved strong competitive results compared with other detection mechanisms in the literature.
Quantum Amplified Isomerization:  A New Concept for Polymeric Optical Materials (2005)

The preparation and evaluation of a new class of photoresponsive polymers are described on the basis of a process called quantum amplified isomerization (QAI). The QAI process utilizes photoinitiated, cation radical isomerization chemistry in a polymeric medium. Two classes of materials are described: one where the QAI reactant is molecularly doped in the polymer matrix and another where the reactant is part of a functionalized polymer. Quantum yield experiments demonstrate that the isomerization reaction can proceed by a chain process with modest efficiencies. Photochemical conversion experiments show that high extents of conversion of the QAI reactants are possible. The rate and extent of conversion are strongly correlated to the glass transition temperature of the polymer. For molecularly doped polymers, hypotheses to explain the high conversions based on diffusion or phase separation of the reactants were tested and excluded. Models are discussed to rationalize experimental factors that affect the quantum yields and the photochemical conversions.
Physical characteristics of children as related to death and injury for consumer product safety design. Final report (1975)

Notes: Report covers the period April 1972 to 31 March 1975. Also published by SAE, titled "Anthropometry of U.S. infants and children."
Gene Therapy Applications for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (2003)

The application of gene therapy to the treatment of the degenerating intervertebral disc holds much clinical promise and continues to expand as an area of active research. The therapeutic potential of multiple agents, as well as possible vectors, are currently being investigated with encouraging results.
Dynamic and Adaptive Bandwidth Defragmentation in Spectrum-Sliced Elastic Optical Networks With Time-Varying Traffic (2014)

Elastic optical networks (EONs) enable network operators to have agile bandwidth management in the optical layer. In this paper, we investigate dynamic and adaptive bandwidth defragmentation (DF) in EONs with time-varying traffic using connection reconfigurations. We consider how to design DF procedure in a systematic way, and study the problems that have not been fully explored so far. Basically, we divide the procedure design into four subproblems: “How to reconfigure?,” “ How to migrate traffic?,” “When to reconfigure?,” and “What to reconfigure?,” and solve them sequentially. For “How to reconfigure?,” we investigate the combination of routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) algorithms for DF, i.e., the RSA algorithm that the connections are originally served with and the algorithm that they are re-optimized with. For “ How to migrate traffic?,” we propose to construct a dependency graph to represent the relations among the selected connections and to use it to assist the best-effort traffic migration. A move-to-vacancy method is also proposed to further reduce the traffic disruptions. For “When to reconfigure?” and “ What to reconfigure?,” we propose intelligent timing selection and adaptive DF ratio selection methods to tackle the tradeoff between the bandwidth blocking probability (BBP) performance and operational complexity. Simulation results show that the algorithm with both methods implemented (DF-AT-AR) achieves better tradeoff between BBP performance and operational complexity, when compared with existing algorithms.
A beam-splitter for non-collimated light (1951)

An interferometer beam-splitter (semi-reflecting and transmitting element) is described; it is used in non-collimated light, is symmetrical about the dividing plane and introduces no aberration into either beam.
Ceramic Stereolithography: Additive Manufacturing for Ceramics by Photopolymerization (2016)

Ceramic stereolithography and related additive manufacturing methods involving photopolymerization of ceramic powder suspensions are reviewed in terms of the capabilities of current devices. The practical fundamentals of the cure depth, cure width, and cure profile are related to the optical properties of the monomer, ceramic, and photo-active components. Postpolymerization steps, including harvesting and cleaning the objects, binder burnout, and sintering, are discussed and compared with conventional methods. The prospects for practical manufacturing are discussed.
Nitrobenzyl Phosphorodiamidates as Potential Hypoxia-Selective Alkylating Agents (1994)

A series of novel nitrobenzyltetrakis(chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidates has been prepared, and its cytotoxicity has been evaluated against HT-29 cells under aerobic and hypoxic conditions and against murine bone marrow progenitor cells under aerobic conditions. All compounds were selectively toxic to HT-29 cells under hypoxic conditions, and the selectivity ratios varied from 1.6 to > 90. Analogs lacking either the nitro group or the tetrakis(chloroethyl) moiety were not cytotoxic, confirming that the presence of both nitro and incipient alkylating groups are essential for activity. Surprisingly, some analogs were far more toxic to bone marrow progenitors than to HT-29 cells under aerobic conditions, suggesting that other activation mechanisms must exist in these hematopoietic cells. Cytotoxicity increased with increasing depth in the HT-29 spheroid model, consistent with the preferential hypoxic toxicity of these compounds. Alkaline elution experiments showed a greater number of DNA interstrand cross-links under hypoxic compared to aerobic conditions. The extent of cross-linking in hypoxic cells was essentially identical to that produced by an equitoxic dose of melphalan, suggesting that the cytotoxicity of these compounds results from phosphorodiamidate release and alkylation of DNA.
Comparative analysis of two controlled proliferation strategies regarding product quality, influence on tetracycline-regulated gene expression, and productivity (2001)

Overexpression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and exposure to low temperature (30 degrees C) represent two strategies to establish controlled proliferation processes for production of therapeutic proteins using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Here we analyze the effect of growth inhibition on the quality of the human model glycoprotein SEAP (secreted alkaline phosphatase) for both strategies in monoclonal CHO-derived cell lines. Separation of purified SEAP samples using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that production by proliferation-controlled CHO cultures did not alter the overall integrity of the product. Further, oligosaccharide profiles were compared using HPEC-PAD analysis. No differences were detectable between SEAP profiles obtained from p27 growth-arrested and proliferating cultures. However, production at 30 degrees C led to a significant increase in the degree of sialylation, an effect that is generally considered beneficial for the in vivo efficacy of protein therapeutics. In the production context presented here, SEAP expression is controlled by the tetracycline- (tet) repressible gene regulation system. Here we show low temperature-induced upregulation of the tetracycline-dependent transactivator (tTA). This induction has been shown by Northern blot analysis to occur at the mRNA level and is independent of the promoters driving the transactivator. We also describe a novel bottleneck in productivity at low temperature found in p27 growth-arrested CHO cells cultivated at 30 degrees C.
Emetine resistant mutants of Entamoeba histolytica overexpress mRNAs for multidrug resistance. (1990)

Although drug therapy is critical for control of amoebiasis, little is known about mechanisms of drug resistance by E. histolytica parasites. Here we tested the hypothesis that multidrug resistant (mdr) amoeba mutants, similar to mdr tumor cells, are drug resistant based upon overexpression of a P-glycoprotein pump that effluxes drugs from the cells. Using primers to conserved regions of the human P-glycoprotein and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we identified multiple 344 base par segments of amoeba DNA similar to the mammalian P glycoprotein. The amino acid sequences of amoeba mdr-like PCR products were from 53 to 97 identical with each other, 55 to identical to human mdr1 sequences, and 41-44% identical with P. falciparum mdr-like sequences. On northern blots, the mdr-like PCR products identified amoeba mRNAs 4.5-5 kilobases long, similar to the 5 kilobase mRNAs reported for the mammalian mdr gene. These mRNAs were increased at least seven times in emetine resistant mutant clone C2 amoebae versus wild-type clone A parasites. Further, the expression of the mdr-like mRNAs was increased three to four times when clone C2 mutants were grown under drug pressure versus the same parasites grown without emetine. In contrast, the number of genomic copies of the mdr-like DNA segments was not increased in the mutant clone C2 versus the wild-type clone A amoebae, and no rearrangements of the mdr-like DNA segments by the mutant were identified on Southern blots. In conclusion there appears to be a family of mdr-like genes in E. histolytica, which may be involved in drug resistance by the parasite.
Levels of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor mRNA in human peripheral leucocytes: significantly higher expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 mRNA in eosinophils (2001)

These studies reveal that CysLTR1 mRNA and, in particular, CysLTR2 mRNA are abundantly expressed at high levels in eosinophils, raising the possibility that CysLTR2 may have an important physiological role in eosinophils and a CysLTR2 antagonist may be a good target for preventing signal transduction by CysLTs in eosinophils.
Vanadium Oxide-Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrodes for Use in Secondary Lithium Batteries (2002)

Abstract : Single-wall carbon nanotubes were used to form the electronically conducting network in lithium intercalation electrodes that incorporated vanadium oxide aerogels as the active material. Sol-gel methods were developed which integrated the nanotubes with V2O5 aerogel synthesis. The similarities in morphology and dimensional scale for the nanotubes and V2O5 ribbons enabled excellent electrical contact to be made between the two phases without seriously affecting the aerogel nanostructure. Intimate contact was established between the two phases at the nanodimensional level while the high pore volume of the aerogel provided electrolyte access throughout the composite material. The electrodes exhibited specific capacities in excess of 400 mAh/g at high discharge rates and retained this level of capacity on cycling.
A wave‐equation splitting algorithm for seismic modeling with applications to anisotropic media (1998)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998A wave‐equation splitting algorithm for seismic modeling with applications to anisotropic mediaAuthors: Irshad R. MuftiRicardo A. R. FernandesIrshad R. MuftiInstitute of Geophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170‐290, Brazil and Ricardo A. R. FernandesInstitute of Geophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170‐290, Brazilhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820312 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820312FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Irshad R. Mufti and Ricardo A. R. Fernandes, (1998), "A wave‐equation splitting algorithm for seismic modeling with applications to anisotropic media," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1917-1920. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820312 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Autoimmunity, dendritic cells and relevance for Parkinson’s disease (2012)

Innate and adaptive immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases have become recently a focus of research and discussions. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder without known etiopathogenesis. The past decade has generated evidence for an involvement of the immune system in PD pathogenesis. Both inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms have been recognized and studies have emphasized the role of activated microglia and T-cell infiltration. In this short review, we focus on dendritic cells, on their role in initiation of autoimmune responses, we discuss aspects of neuroinflammation and autoimmunity in PD, and we report new evidence for the involvement of neuromelanin in these processes.
On Bootstrapping Machine Learning Performance Predictors via Analytical Models (2014)

Performance modeling typically relies on two antithetic methodologies: white box models, which exploit knowledge on system's internals and capture its dynamics using analytical approaches, and black box techniques, which infer relations among the input and output variables of a system based on the evidences gathered during an initial training phase. In this paper we investigate a technique, which we name Bootstrapping, which aims at reconciling these two methodologies and at compensating the cons of the one with the pros of the other. We thoroughly analyze the design space of this gray box modeling technique, and identify a number of algorithmic and parametric trade-offs which we evaluate via two realistic case studies, a Key-Value Store and a Total Order Broadcast service.
Acetylated Flavonoid Glycosides Potentiating NGF Action from<i>Scoparia</i><i>d</i><i>ulcis</i> (2004)

Three new acetylated flavonoid glycosides, 5,6,4'-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-alpha-L-2,3-di-O-acetylrhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), apigenin 7-O-alpha-L-3-O-acetylrhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), and apigenin 7-O-alpha-L-2,3-di-O-acetylrhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), were isolated from Scoparia dulcis together with the known compound eugenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (4). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 2 and 3 showed an enhancing activity of nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells.
Defect avoidance in programmable devices (2015)

Programmable logic devices permit a new way to practice yield improvement: redundancy at configuration time. By doing so, the authors avoid the overheads of traditional redundancy: explicit spares, replacement logic and on‐chip non‐volatile memory. This presentation describes a method for avoiding defects that also does not require a unique place‐and‐route for each fielded chip. Formal analysis and experimental results show the feasibility of the method for standard, unmodified field‐programmable gate arrays.