gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatic arginase 2 (Arg2) is sufficient to convey the therapeutic metabolic effects of fasting (2019)

Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting are emerging therapeutic strategies against obesity, insulin resistance and their complications. However, the effectors that drive this response are not completely defined. Here we identify arginase 2 (Arg2) as a fasting-induced hepatocyte factor that protects against hepatic and peripheral fat accumulation, hepatic inflammatory responses, and insulin and glucose intolerance in obese murine models. Arg2 is upregulated in fasting conditions and upon treatment with the hepatocyte glucose transporter inhibitor trehalose. Hepatocyte-specific Arg2 overexpression enhances basal thermogenesis, and protects from weight gain, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis and hepatic inflammation in diabetic mouse models. Arg2 suppresses expression of the regulator of G-protein signalling (RGS) 16, and genetic RGS16 reconstitution reverses the effects of Arg2 overexpression. We conclude that hepatocyte Arg2 is a critical effector of the hepatic glucose fasting response and define a therapeutic target to mitigate the complications of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Polymerization of organic compounds in an electrodeless glow discharge. VII. A fluid mechanic aspect of plasma and its effect on the polymer deposition rate (1976)

The deposition rate of polymer from plasma of an organic compound is influenced by the fluid mechanical aspect of plasma. Using cylindrical reactors which have constriction of various size, and utilizing the tail-flame portion of inductively coupled r.f. (13.5 MHz) glow discharge, it is demonstrated that the polymer deposition rate is proportional to the ratio of surface area/volume of the reactor tube, which has been often neglected in studies of polymer deposition rate.
Human Cytomegalovirus: an Enormous Variety of Strains and Their Possible Clinical Significance in the Human Host (2011)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) does not exist as one defined virus genotype, but as a variety of different strains. Several studies have investigated the significance of specific viral genotypes for the clinical course of HCMV infection. Upon reinfection, patients may acquire additional HCMV strains, and infections with a mixture of HCMV strains appear to be quite common. The analysis of such mixed infections has become increasingly important, not only for investigating the clinical implications of mixed-genotype infections, but also for understanding the pathogenesis of subsequent reinfections with HCMV strains, and this is also of importance for HCMV vaccine development. This article summarizes the clinical implications of infection with individual HCMV genotypes and focuses on infection with mixed populations of HCMV strains.
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) characterization of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from different rearing systems (2009)

The present study aimed to predict by NIRS the proximate chemical composition and some carcass traits of sea bass coming from 11 farms with different rearing systems (extensive, intensive in land-based basins, sea cages) and located in northern (Friuli, Veneto), central (Tuscany) and southern (Puglia and Sicily) Italy. NIRS analysis of freeze dried sea bass fillets gave fairly good predictions of slaughter weight and fillet yield (R2cv=0.48-0.55), while results for carcass yield were poor. NIRS analysis was highly predictive for the condition factor (R2cv=0.790, SECV=0.09) and for water, ether extract and gross energy showing high correlations (R2cv>0.90) with NIR spectral information and high accuracy (SECV=0.67%, 0.46% and 0.38 kJ/g for water, ether extract and energy, respectively). Crude protein prediction showed lower performance, even if still good, compared to previous variables (R2cv=0.734, SECV=0.34). The score plot of principal component analysis showed intensively-reared sea bass separated from extensively reared fish.
Frequency dependence in high speed interconnections (2002)

This paper describes an evaluation of the used transmission line model for high-speed interconnections. The scattering parameters for some microstrip interconnections and their associated discontinuities (straight line, 90/spl deg/ bend and double 45/spl deg/ bend) are compared both to the electrical and electromagnetic simulation and to the measurements. S-parameters permit an approach to the structure total losses and various simulations highlighting radiation, dielectric and metallic losses. The radiation analysis is also performed, thanks to the method of moments, and the obtained results are reported and discussed.
Novel Egr/NF-AT composite sites mediate activation of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) ligand promoter in response to T cell stimulation (1999)

Expression of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) ligand (CD95L) in activated T cells is a major cause of activation-induced T cell apoptosis. The transcription factors NF-AT and Egr-3 (a member of the immediate-early transcription factors involved in cellular growth and differentiation) have been implicated in activation of the CD95L promoter upon T cell activation. On the basis of DNase I footprinting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, antibody supershift analysis and transfection studies, we have identified two novel Egr-binding sites 5' upstream of the previously identified Egr site. Mutation analysis of each Egr site shows that all three sites are important for full CD95L promoter activity. Strikingly, all Egr sites, including the previously identified Egr site, are adjacent to or overlap with DNA sequences homologous to NF-AT binding sites and confer T cell activation-induced, cyclosporin A-sensitive transcriptional activity. Antibody supershift analysis revealed that NF-AT and Egr proteins are the components of inducible DNA-binding complexes formed on the two novel Egr sites. Cotransfection experiments showed that Egr-1, Egr-3 and NF-AT display a cooperative and synergistic activation of transcription mediated by these three Egr/NF-AT composite regulatory elements. These findings provide further insight into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the CD95L expression in response to T cell activation.
Identity of a Novel Swine Hepatitis E Virus in Taiwan Forming a Monophyletic Group with Taiwan Isolates of Human Hepatitis E Virus (1999)

Recently, we found that more than 10% of the cases of acute non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis in Taiwan were caused by a novel strain of hepatitis E virus (HEV). Since none of these patients had a history of travel to areas where HEV is endemic, the source of transmission remains unclear. The recent discovery of a swine HEV in herd pigs in the United States has led us to speculate that HEV may also circulate in herd pigs in Taiwan and may serve as a reservoir for HEV in Taiwan. Of 275 herd pigs obtained from 10 pig farms in Taiwan, 102 (37%) were seropositive for serum anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG). A 185-bp genomic sequence within the ORF-2 of the HEV genome was amplified and cloned from serum samples of an anti-HEV positive pig and subsequently from serum samples of a patient with acute hepatitis E. Sequence comparison revealed that the swine and human isolates of HEV share 97.3% identity. Phylogenetic analyses further showed that the Taiwan swine and human isolates of HEV form a distinct branch divergent from all other known strains of HEV, including the U.S. swine strain. To examine the potential risk of cross-species transmission of swine HEV to humans, the seroprevalences of anti-HEV IgG in 30 swine handlers, 20 pork dealers, and 50 control subjects were assessed and were found to be 26.7, 15, and 8%, respectively (for swine handlers versus controls, P = 0.048). Our findings may help provide an understanding of the modes of HEV transmission and may also raise potential public health concerns for HEV zoonosis.
Numerical simulation of acoustic streaming generated by finite-amplitude resonant oscillations in an enclosure (2004)

Acoustic streaming motion in a compressible gas filled two-dimensional rectangular enclosure is simulated and the effects of the sound field intensity on the formation process of streaming structures are investigated numerically. The oscillatory flow field in the enclosure is created by the vibration of the left wall of the enclosure. The frequency of the wall vibration is chosen such that the lowest acoustic mode propagates along the enclosure. The fully compressible form of the Navier–Stokes equations is considered and an explicit time-marching algorithm is used to track the acoustic waves. The formation of the wave field in the enclosure is computed and fully described and the acoustic boundary layer development is predicted. The interaction of the wave field with viscous effects and the formation of streaming structures are revealed by time-averaging the solutions over a given period. The strength of the pressure waves associated with the acoustic effect and the resulting streaming flow pattern is found to be strongly correlated to the maximum displacement of the wall during a vibration cycle. The wave form determines the shape of the steady streaming structures in the oscillatory flow field.
β-Cell Neogenesis During Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Rats (2002)

beta-cell neogenesis from ductal precursors, and possibly from other pancreatic cell types, contributes to the expansion of beta-cell mass during development and after diabetogenic insults in rodents. Using a mathematical model-based analysis of beta-cell mass, replication, and size, we recently demonstrated that neogenesis is also quantitatively important to the expansion of beta-cell mass during prolonged hyperglycemia. In the present study, we examined the morphological appearance of neogenic focal areas, duct cell replication, and beta-cell cluster size distribution in male Sprague Dawley rats infused with either saline or 50% glucose (2 ml/h) for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 days. Pancreatic tissue characterized by a high density of small duct-like structures, previously described as neogenic focal areas, were present in glucose-infused rats after 2, 3, or 4 days of infusion. The cross-sectional area of the pancreas characterized as focal tissue peaked after 3 days of infusion at 2.9 +/- 0.8%. In contrast to the partial pancreatectomy model of beta-cell regeneration, duct cell replication was not increased before or during focal area formation. However, the replication rate of cells in the duct-like structures of the focal areas was twofold greater than in cells of the common pancreatic duct and 15- to 40-fold greater than in cells of small, medium, and large ducts. Duct-cell replication was significantly reduced in small, medium, and large ducts of glucose as compared to saline-infused rats (0.21 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.04%; P < 0.03). Duct-associated beta-cell mass was not different in glucose- and saline-infused rats (P = 0.78), whereas the number of acinar-associated single beta -cells increased by 70% after 3 and 4 days of glucose infusion. In addition to small duct-like structures, focal areas had considerable T-cell infiltration (151 +/- 30 T-cells/ mm(2)). There was also an increase in T-cell infiltration in acinar tissue of glucose as compared to saline-infused rats (0.43 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.03 +/- 0. 01 T-cells/mm(2); P < 0.0001). In conclusion, these data suggest that neogenic focal areas in these glucose-infused rats do not arise from replication and differentiation of ductal progenitor cells. Rather, acinar cell transdifferentiation into beta-cells and acinar cell dedifferentiation into neogenic focal areas lead to new beta-cell formation during prolonged hyperglycemia.
Angiopoietin 2 Stimulates TIE2-Expressing Monocytes To Suppress T Cell Activation and To Promote Regulatory T Cell Expansion (2011)

Angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) is a proangiogenic cytokine whose expression is often upregulated by endothelial cells in tumors. Expression of its receptor, TIE2, defines a highly proangiogenic subpopulation of myeloid cells in circulation and tumors called TIE2-expressing monocytes/macrophages (TEMs). Genetic depletion of TEMs markedly reduces tumor angiogenesis in various tumor models, emphasizing their essential role in driving tumor progression. Previously, we demonstrated that ANGPT2 augments the expression of various proangiogenic genes, the potent immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-10, and a chemokine for regulatory T cells (Tregs), CCL17 by TEMs in vitro. We now show that TEMs also express higher levels of IL-10 than TIE2(-) macrophages in tumors and that ANGPT2-stimulated release of IL-10 by TEMs suppresses T cell proliferation, increases the ratio of CD4(+) T cells to CD8(+) T cells, and promotes the expansion of CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) Tregs. Furthermore, syngeneic murine tumors expressing high levels of ANGPT2 contained not only high numbers of TEMs but also increased numbers of Tregs, whereas genetic depletion of tumor TEMs resulted in a marked reduction in the frequency of Tregs in tumors. Taken together, our data suggest that ANGPT2-stimulated TEMs represent a novel, potent immunosuppressive force in tumors.
Atomic force acoustic microscopy methods to determine thin-film elastic properties (2003)

We discuss atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) methods to determine quantitative values for the elastic properties of thin films. The AFAM approach measures the frequencies of an AFM cantilever’s first two flexural resonances while in contact with a material. The indentation modulus M of an unknown or test material can be obtained by comparing the resonant spectrum of the test material to that of a reference material. We examined a niobium film (d=280±30 nm) with AFAM using two separate reference materials and two different cantilever geometries. Data were analyzed by two methods: an analytical model based on conventional beam dynamics, and a finite element method that accommodated variable cantilever cross section and viscous damping. AFAM values of M varied significantly depending on the specific experimental configuration and analysis technique. By averaging values obtained with both reference materials, very good agreement (5–10 % difference) with values determined by other methods was achieved. These results provide insight into using AFAM methods to attain reliable, accurate measurements of elastic properties on the nanoscale.
Molecular Cloning of Estrogen Receptors α and β in the Ovary of A Teleost Fish, the Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (1999)

Estrogen receptors (ER) in mammals have recently been shown to be encoded by two distinct genes, ERα and ERβ. In this study, cDNAs encoding two tilapia ER subtypes, tER5.1 and tER4.3, were cloned from an ovarian cDNA library of a teleost fish, the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The tER5.1 and tER4.3 contain complete open reading frames encoding 585 and 557 amino acid residues, respectively. The two receptors share about 12% homology in the A/B domain, 96% in the DNA binding domain (C domain), 12% in the D domain, 57% in the ligand binding domain (E damain), and 20% in the F domain. Phylogenetic analysis of ER proteins from various vertebrate species indicated that vertebrate ERs consist of two major groups (ERα and ERβ); tER5.1 and tER4.3 belong to ERα and ERβ subtypes, respectively. Thus, we consider tER5.1 and tER4.3 to be the tilapia homologs of ERα (tERα) and ERβ (tERβ), respectively. In transient transfection assays using mammalian COS-7 cells, both tERα and tERβ showed estradiol-17β dependent activation of transcription from the estrogen-responsive ERE-Luc promoter. This is the first report of the presence of ERα and ERβ within a single non-mammalian vertebrate species.
A technique for noninvasive respiratory gated radiation treatment system based on a real time 3D ultrasound image correlation: A phantom study (2004)

This paper proposes a new respiratory gated radiation treatment system that allows real-time tumor localization while avoiding invasive operation to a patient. The proposed system employs a three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound device, a 3D digital localizer, and a real-time image processing system. At the planning time, CT and 3D ultrasound reference data are simultaneously acquired under a breath-hold condition. At the treatment time, ultrasound data on three orthogonal planes are acquired and transferred to the image processing system on a real-time basis. Subsequently, normalized image correlation indices using the reference and the real-time ultrasound data are calculated for the three orthogonal planes after performing real-time coordinate transform using the 3D digital localizer attached to an ultrasound probe. Prior to the system execution, the coordinate transform matrices are partially calculated using an ultrasound calibration phantom and the 3D digital localizer. A trigger pulse to a linac can be generated when the normalized image correlation index exceeds a predetermined threshold level. Experiments have been carried out using a moving-target phantom that simulates a patient respiratory motion. We have observed that the variation of the calculated real-time correlation index synchronizes with the periodical motion of the moving-target, suggesting that real-time localization for a moving tumor is feasible with the proposed system.
High-resolution distributed-feedback fiber laser dc magnetometer based on the Lorentzian force (2009)

A low-frequency magnetic field sensor, based on a current-carrying beam driven by the Lorentzian force, is described. The amplitude of the oscillation is measured by a distributed-feedback fiber laser strain sensor attached to the beam. The transduction mechanism of the sensor is derived analytically using conventional beam theory, which is shown to accurately predict the responsivity of a prototype sensor. Excellent linearity and negligible hysteresis are demonstrated. Noise sources in the fiber laser strain sensor are described and thermo-mechanical noise in the transducer is estimated. The prototype sensor achieves a magnetic field resolution of 5 nT Hz for 25 mA of current, which is shown to be close to the predicted thermo-mechanical noise limit of the sensor. The current is supplied optically through a separate optical fiber yielding an electrically passive sensor head.
An Overview of Technologies for E-Meeting and E-Lecture (2005)

Over the past few years, with the rapid adoption of broadband communication and advances in multimedia content capture and delivery, Web-based meetings and lectures, also referred to as e-meeting and e-lecture, have become popular among businesses and academic institutions because of their cost savings and capabilities in providing self-paced education and convenient content access and retrieval. In fact, the technological achievements in capture, analysis, access, and delivery of e-meeting and e-lecture media have already resulted in several working systems that are currently of regular usage. This paper gives an overview of existing work as well as state-of-the-art in these two research areas which are bound to affect the way we teach, learn, and collaborate.
Development of 3.3 kV SiC-MOSFET: Suppression of Forward Voltage Degradation of the Body Diode (2014)

In order to achieve cost reduction or shrinkage of power devices, an internal body diode, which forms in a MOSFET parasitically, can be designed as a free-wheeling diode in substitution for an external Schottky barrier diode (SBD). However, in a SiC p-i-n diode, forward current stress causes reliability degradation due to expansion of the electron-hole recombination-induced stacking faults. Applying the process optimization of the epitaxial layer for the reduction of recombination-induced stacking faults and the body diode screening method to 3.3 kV SiC-MOSFETs, we obtained more stable devices under forward current operation.
MENʼS LIB (1978)

As the only man in an associate degree program, I never felt any sex discrimination during training. But now that I'm applying for my first job, I've the feeling hospitals are refusing to hire me because I'm a man. Can I jump in the equal-rights bandwagon along with other minorities and ask hospitals to prove they've hired a representative number of male nurses?
Enhanced light collection in a flow cytometer (1980)

A modified flow cell in a conventional flow cytometer is described. The refraction of light in the flow cell-to-air interface is analyzed. The analysis shows that much of the light that can be collected is refracted out of the collection optics. The efficiency of light collection is doubled by the addition of a plano-convex lens to the flow cell. Also, more stable operation of the flow cell is achieved with the addition of a secondary sheath.
Protection against Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion by Effective Treatment and Monitoring During Hydrotest Shut-in (2010)

Abstract During hydrotesting, a pipeline may be shut-in for a significant period of time. If unprotected, the pipeline becomes susceptible to corrosion due to bacteria, oxygen, and saline conditions of the hydrotest water, typically obtained from surface waters and seawater. Most notably, indigenous bacterial populations in source water used to fill the pipeline can proliferate in the stagnant shut-in condition and attach to the pipe wall forming biofilms. These sessile biofilms may contain sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and/or acid-producing bacteria (APB) which can contribute to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). In addition, SRB generate hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which is hazardous, corrosive, and can form iron sulfide solids. To protect against these adverse effects, three types of chemicals are generally recommended to be added to the hydrotest water during the pipeline fill: an oxygen scavenger, a biocide, and a corrosion inhibitor. Chemical treatment to prevent corrosion invariably deals with balancing risk, damage to the environment, and cost of the program. The method of applying chemical is important to ensure protection for extended shut-in times. Monitoring is important to ensure that protection is being provided during shut-in and that risk is minimized after the pipeline is brought into operation. The paper will discuss different methods for discharging the water into the environment as well as procedures to ensure corrosion protection for shut-in times that exceed the original target discharge date. In support of this discussion, field data is presented from a hydrotest application that was monitored for bacterial growth and biocide residual during shut-in. This data highlights the importance of protecting the pipeline during shut-in and emphasizes that a quality monitoring program is the key in determining if a chemical program is providing control over the targeted parameters. A discussion of best practices for MIC-protection during hydrotest is provided.
[Effect of chlorhexidine on bacterial fibrinolytic and collagenolytic activity]. (1991)

Destructive periodontal diseases are characterized by tissue breakdown partly mediated by various enzymes originating from bacteria and/or tissue. Collagen and fibronectin are two of the main substrates available for enzyme activity. Since chlorhexidine is largely used during and after periodontal therapy, we have investigated the effects of chlorhexidine upon some bacterial proteases. Our data indicate that chlorhexidine inhibits, on a dose-dependent manner, both fibronectin and collagen hydrolysis mediated by either bacteroides (porphyromonas) gingivalis or bacteroides intermedius. Thus, it might be hypothesized that a side from its bactericidal activity, chlorhexidine helps to prevent periodontal tissue destruction directly by enzyme inhibition.