gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-adhesive lotus and other hydrophobic materials (2008)

Superhydrophobic materials recently attracted a lot of attention, owing to the potential practical applications of such surfaces--they literally repel water, which hardly sticks to them, bounces off after an impact and slips on them. In this short review, we describe how water repellency arises from the presence of hydrophobic microstructures at the solid surface. A drop deposited on such a substrate can float above the textures, mimicking at room temperature what happens on very hot plates; then, a vapour layer comes between the solid and the volatile liquid, as described long ago by Leidenfrost. We present several examples of superhydrophobic materials (either natural or synthetic), and stress more particularly the stability of the air cushion--the liquid could also penetrate the textures, inducing a very different wetting state, much more sticky, due to the possibility of pinning on the numerous defects. This description allows us to discuss (in quite a preliminary way) the optimal design to be given to a solid surface to make it robustly water repellent.
Genetic Diversity of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Histidine‐Rich Protein 2 (PfHRP2) and Its Effect on the Performance of PfHRP2‐Based Rapid Diagnostic Tests (2005)

Rising costs of antimalarial agents are increasing the demand for accurate diagnosis of malaria. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) offer great potential to improve the diagnosis of malaria, particularly in remote areas. Many RDTs are based on the detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein (PfHRP) 2, but reports from field tests have questioned their sensitivity and reliability. We hypothesize that the variability in the results of PfHRP2-based RDTs is related to the variability in the target antigen. We tested this hypothesis by examining the genetic diversity of PfHRP2, which includes numerous amino acid repeats, in 75 P. falciparum lines and isolates originating from 19 countries and testing a subset of parasites by use of 2 PfHRP2-based RDTs. We observed extensive diversity in PfHRP2 sequences, both within and between countries. Logistic regression analysis indicated that 2 types of repeats were predictive of RDT detection sensitivity (87.5% accuracy), with predictions suggesting that only 84% of P. falciparum parasites in the Asia-Pacific region are likely to be detected at densities < or = 250 parasites/microL. Our data also indicated that PfHRP3 may play a role in the performance of PfHRP2-based RDTs. These findings provide an alternative explanation for the variable sensitivity in field tests of malaria RDTs that is not due to the quality of the RDTs.
Photoredox pathways for the polymerization of a pyrrole-substituted ruthenium tris(bipyridyl) complex (1998)

The oxidative quenching by a diazonium salt of the excited state of a pyrrole-substituted Ru(bpy)32+ complex in acetonitrile leads to its polymerization, forming a soluble metallopolymer. The same phenomena is observed with dioxygen as the quencher. The data are consistent with the initial oxidation of the pyrrole moieties by RuIII species formed upon electron-transfer quenching of [Ru(bpy)3]2+* by O2. This process appears competitive with pyrrole oxygenation by singlet oxygen formed by energy transfer, due to the subsequent fast polymerization reaction. Photopolyme′risation par transfert d'e′lectron d'un complexe tris(pyridine) de ruthenium(II) substitue′ par un groupe pyrrole.L'inhibition par un sel de diazonium de l'e′tat excite′ d'un complexe du type Ru(bpy)32+ substitue′ par un groupe pyrrole conduit dans l'ace′tonitrile à sa photopolyme′risation, pour former un polymère soluble. Le même phe′nomène est observe′ en pre′sence d'oxygène mole′culaire, l'ensemble des re′sultats e′tant en accord avec un me′canisme dans lequel les groupes pyrrole sont oxyde′es par les espèces RuIII, forme′es à la suite de l'inhibition par transfert d'e′lectron de [Ru(bpy)3]2+* par O2. Ce processus est compe′titif avec les re′actions d'oxyge′nation du pyrrole par l'oxygène singulet forme′ par transfert d'e′nergie, en raison de la grande vitesse de la re′action de polyme′risation conse′cutive au transfert d'e′lectron.
Agricultural robotics: A streamlined approach to realization of Autonomous Farming (2007)

This paper presents a streamlined approach to future Precision Autonomous Farming (PAF). It focuses on the preferred specification of the farming systems including the farming system layout, sensing systems and actuation units such as tractor-implement combinations. The authors propose the development of the Precision Farming Data Set (PFDS) which is formed off-line before the commencement of the crop cultivation and discusses its use in accomplishing reliable, cost effective and efficient farming systems. The work currently in progress towards the development of autonomous farming vehicles and the results obtained through detailed mathematical analysis of example actuation units will also be presented.
Heavy metal sequestration properties of a new amine-type chelating adsorbent (1998)

The performance of poly(CGMAPEI), an amine-type chelating adsorbent synthesized by graft polymerization, was evaluated in a simulated waste stream containing Cu2+ and Co2+ heavy metal ions and NaNO3 salt. Comparisons of metal adsorption curves of this adsorbent with a previously synthesized cellulose-PEI and commercially available chitosan-polyamine and amberlite resins were made. The poly(CGMAPEI) exhibited the highest capacity in the absence of NaNO3. At high concentrations of NaNO3, the affinities of all the amine-type adsorbents were found to be enhanced quite tremendously. The chelating adsorbent with the highest amine content (CS-03) showed the highest improvement in capacity. This phenomenon was not observed with the ion-exchanger (amberlite IRC 50) studied. Sodium ions showed negligible affinity for poly(CGMAPEI). Competition between Na+ with Cu2+ for adsorption sites in the adsorbent was absent. Regeneration experiments revealed some reduction in Cu2+ affinity of poly(CGMAPEI) after acid treatment. Difficulty in stripping Co2+ from poly(CGMAPEI) even by strong acid was also observed.
Fluvoxamine Reduces Physiologic Reactivity to Trauma Scripts in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2000)

This study assessed the effect of open-label fluvoxamine treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive symptoms, and physiologic arousal to trauma cues. Baseline psychometric ratings and physiologic assessments of heart rate and blood pressure responses to individualized, taped trauma scripts were determined for 16 patients with PTSD and 16 mentally healthy age- and gender-matched control subjects exposed to at least 1 serious trauma. Patients with PTSD had greater autonomic reactivity than control subjects at baseline, with physiologic measures correlating with the severity of the PTSD for the combined groups. Discriminant analyses indicated that systolic blood pressure best classified patients with PTSD (75% sensitivity) and control subjects (100% specificity), with a stepwise discriminant analysis showing that combined physiologic variables correctly classified 75% of patients with PTSD and 100% of control subjects. After 10 weeks of fluvoxamine treatment (100-300 mg/day), patients' PTSD, depression, and physiologic reactivity improved significantly. Medicated patients with PTSD could not be distinguished statistically from untreated control subjects in any physiologic measure. This dampening of autonomic reactivity after drug treatment corroborates subjective measures of improvement, validating the reported efficacy of fluvoxamine in this open trial.
Load Distribution and Impact Factors for I-Girder Bridges (1997)

This paper presents the procedure and results of field tests that were performed on two simply supported steel I-girder bridges to assess girder distribution and impact factors. The measurements were performed under normal truck traffic. Strain data were taken from bottom flanges of girders in the middle of a span. Additional strain data were obtained under passes of a control truck with known weight and configuration. A computerized data acquisition technique enabled selective recording of the significant blocks of the strain data under normal traffic. Strains were measured for two consecutive days on each bridge. Measured data consist of strain blocks from approximately 900 trucks. The strain records were filtered with a lowpass digital filter to remove the dynamic components and to obtain an equivalent static strain. The data were further processed to obtain statistical parameters (mean and standard deviation) of the girder distribution and impact factors. The results were compared with the values calculated according to American Association of State Highway and Transportation (AASHTO) methods. Measured girder distribution factors are lower than AASHTO values. Measured impact factors are well below AASHTO values.
Germ tube growth of Candida albicans. (1997)

The clinical pathogen Candida albicans is a budding yeast that is capable of forming a range of polarized and expanded cell shapes from pseudohyphae to true nonconstricted hyphae. Filamentous forms consist of contiguous uninucleated compartments that are partitioned by septa. It has long been held that the so-called "dimorphic transition" from a budding to a filamentous form may aid the fungus to penetrate epithelia and may therefore be a virulence factor. This review summarized new information regarding the physiology and ecology of hyphal growth in C. albicans. New evidence has demonstrated that hyphae of C. albicans have a sense of touch so that they grow along grooves and through pores (thigmotropism). This may aid infiltration of epithelial surfaces during tissue invasion. Hyphae are also aerotropic and can form helices when contacting solid surfaces. Growing evidence supports the view that hyphal growth is a response to nutrient deprivation, especially low nitrogen and that filamentous growth enables the fungus to forage for nutrients more effectively. Further insights into the growth of C. albicans have come from the analysis of genes and mutations of Saccharomyces which have begun to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the mechanisms of bud site selection, cell polarity and signal transduction pathways that lead to pseudohyphal development in this and other organisms. For example, it is now clear that a MAP-kinase cascade, homologous to the mating pathway in Saccharomyces, regulates filamentous growth in both fungi. However, this must be only one of several overlapping or separate signal transduction pathways for hyphal development because filamentous growth still occurs in mutants of Candida and Saccharomyces which are blocked in this pathway. Cell cycle analyses have shown that hyphal phase cell cycle of Candida is distinct from that in budding and pseudohyphal formation and so pseudohyphal growth of Saccharomyces is not a true model of germ tube growth in Candida. Pseudohyphal growth in both Candida and Saccharomyces involves synchronous division of mother cells and their daughters. In contrast, during germ tube growth of Candida, cytoplasm is unequally partitioned at cytokinesis so that apical cells inherit more cytoplasm and sub-apical cells have a single nucleus but are extensively vacuolated. As a result, apical cells grow and divide while sub-apical cells are apparently arrested in the cell cycle until they can regenerate sufficient cytoplasm to re-enter the cell cycle. Although current studies still fall short of verifying the status of yeast-hypha dimorphism as a virulence factor, they suggest that the cell biology of germ tube growth of C. albicans is well suited for the invasive growth of the fungus in vivo.
The Simple Way to Solution‐Processed Multilayer OLEDs – Layered Block‐Copolymer Networks by Living Cationic Polymerization (2008)

Solution-processed multilayered OLEDs are fabricated through a conceptually novel, simple, intelligent, and cost-effective strategy, namely “layer-by-layer cross-linking” (LBLX). It enables the use of a wide range of conventional and low-priced wet deposition techniques (e.g., all printing techniques), and is based on “PEDOT-initiated cross-linking” of oxetane-functionalized polymers, which resembles the “grafting-from” approach. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Optimized Design, Fabrication and Characterization of PZT Unimorph Microactuators for Deformable Mirrors (2004)

This paper describes an optimization of PZT unimorph membrane microactuators in view of their application to deformable mirrors (DMs). PZT unimorph actuators of various electrode designs, silicon membrane thickness, and membrane sizes were fabricated and characterized. A mathematical model was developed to further assist the optimization of membrane thickness and electrode sizes, and excellent agreement with experiment was obtained. For a 2.5mm diameter actuator with 2μm thick PZT and 15μm thick silicon membrane, the measured vertical stroke was 5.4μm at 50V. The measured resonant frequency of the unimorph actuator was 47kHz, far exceeding the bandwidth requirement of most DMs (~1kHz).
Autophagy balances inflammation in innate immunity (2017)

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a homeostatic process with multiple effects on immunity. One of the pivotal contributions of autophagy in immunity is the cell autonomous control of inflammation. This property leads to systemic consequences and thereby influences the development of innate and adaptive immunity, which promotes or suppresses pathology in various disease contexts. In this review we focus on the intersections between autophagy and inflammasome activation, autophagy and interferons, and autophagy and inflammation in association with infection.
Como é a Filosofia Analítica Possível? (1998)

Sciendo provides publishing services and solutions to academic and professional organizations and individual authors. We publish journals, books, conference proceedings and a variety of other publications.
Statistical description of non-coherent automatic gain control (1992)

In many systems automatic gain control (AGC) is an important system function prior to analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), for instance. The authors analyze the tracking performance of noncoherent AGCs. The gain fluctuation is described by stochastic differential equations. For typical operational cases the physical probability density functions of the AGC gain variation are compared with different approximation techniques, i.e. the Fokker-Planck (F-P) approach and the assumption of Gaussian distributions; the limitations of the approximation methods are emphasized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical Absorption in an Electric Field (1964)

A previous calculation of the effect of an external, uniform electric field on the optical absorption associated with a direct transition between bands is extended. The absorption is shown to consist of a series of steps whose width is determined by the separation of the discrete levels produced by the field.
The effects of length and stimulus rate on tension in the isometric cat soleus muscle (1969)

1. By subdividing ventral roots and supplying stimulating pulses to different groups of motor units in rotation, smooth contractions of soleus could be obtained with low rates of stimulation.2. Isometric tension was recorded with different rates of stimulation, and at different muscle lengths.3. Longitudinal histological sections were cut from muscles fixed at different lengths, and sarcomeres were measured. Mean sarcomere lengths in soleus could then be related to the angle at the ankle.4. At high rates of stimulation the maximum active tension was obtained at a length corresponding to an angle of about 60 degrees at the ankle, and a mean sarcomere length of about 2.8 mu. The isometric tension fell only slightly on shortening the muscle to a length equivalent to 100 degrees , and a mean sarcomere length about 2.3 mu. Further shortening caused a marked fall in tension.5. There was a reciprocal relationship between stimulus rate and muscle length; when the muscle was long low rates of stimulation gave near maximal tension, whereas at short lengths the maximum tension was reached only when the stimulus rate was very high. It is suggested that stimulating pulses activate the contractile machinery of the muscle more effectively at long than at short muscle lengths.6. When at low rates of stimulation pulses were distributed among the motor units in rotation to give a smooth contraction, the tension rose higher than during the unfused tetanus that accompanied synchronous stimulation of the same motor units at the same rate. It is suggested that in an unfused tetanus internal movement of the muscle reduces the tension below that developed in a truly isometric state.7. The rate of rise of tension in an isometric tetanus varied with both muscle length and rate of stimulation. At each stimulus rate there was a range of lengths in which the isometric tension developed slowly, this was the same length range in which, at that stimulus rate, the length tension curve was steep.
Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Protection Solution in GaN Technology (2013)

In this letter, a robust and effective gallium nitride (GaN)-pHEMT-based electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structure is developed for the first time. The structure consists of a depletion-mode GaN pHEMT, a trigger diode chain, a pinchoff diode chain, and a current limiter. Results pertinent to critical ESD parameters, such as the trigger voltage, leakage current, on-state resistance, and robustness, are measured using the transmission line pulsing (TLP) tester. It is demonstrated that such an ESD clamp can sustain a TLP stress of up to 3 A. The two diode chains are found to play critical roles in determining the trigger voltage and leakage current. Increasing the trigger diode number increases the trigger voltage. On the other hand, adding more pinchoff diodes also increases the trigger voltage and simultaneously reduces the leakage current. The design tradeoffs for the proposed ESD clamp are also discussed.
Complexity reduction algorithms for nonlinear compensation using digital backpropagation (2012)

We review reduced-complexity nonlinear compensation methods and find that filtered backpropagation and equivalent-span backpropagation enable large complexity reduction for dispersion managed and unmanaged systems.
Chemical Selection and Self‐Assembly in a Cyclization Reaction (1997)

Self-help: A reaction product recognizes a stable intermediate and channels its reactivity to the formation of an eleven-membered ring (see below). A template effect is proposed, which involves molecular recognition through hydrogen bonding. PFP = pentafluorophenyl.
Strategies for Patterning Biomolecules with Dip‐Pen Nanolithography (2011)

Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based lithography technique, which has the ability to fabricate patterns with a feature size down to approximately 15 nm using both top-down and bottom-up approaches. DPN utilizes the water meniscus formed between an AFM tip and a substrate to transfer ink molecules onto surfaces. A major application of this technique is the fabrication of micro- and nano-arrays of patterned biomolecules. To achieve this goal, a variety of chemical approaches has been used. This review concisely describes the development of DPN in the past decade and presents the related chemical strategies that have been reported to fabricate biomolecular patterns with DPN at micrometer and nanometer scale, classified into direct- and indirect DPN methodologies, discussing tip-functionalization strategies as well.
Relationships among speech, vision, and action in collaborative physical tasks (2002)

This workshop focuses on the relationships among speech, gaze and action in collaborative physical tasks. We address three key challenges: characterizing the nature of collaborative physical tasks, understanding how people coordinate their activities during collaborative physical tasks, and designing technology to support these tasks.
Lysosomal Storage Defects (1985)

There are at least 30, and perhaps as many as 50, lysosomal storage diseases. Taken together their clinical incidence is significant. Although each results from a different enzyme defect, a single receptor and a single “recognition marker” are involved in all. The elucidation of these phenomena has taught a great deal about lysosomal function and promises to facilitate therapeutic intervention.
Structures of novel anthracycline antitumor antibiotics from Micromonospora peucetica (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures of novel anthracycline antitumor antibiotics from Micromonospora peuceticaFederico Arcamone, Guiseppe Cassinelli, Franco DiMatteo, Salvatore Forenza, M. Clara Ripamonti, Giovanni Rivola, Aristide Vigevani, Jon Clardy, and Terrence McCabeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 4, 1462–1463Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00524a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00524a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts