gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of Hydrogen from Water Through Steel (1940)

Using a metal radio tube having a steel shell as an ionization gage, the diffusion of hydrogen through the steel into the interior was measured. This results from the fundamental corrosion reaction on the exterior, when it is dipped into water: Fe+H2O=FeO+H2.The protective paint on the tube prevents this, but a bare sandblasted iron surface admits hydrogen at 0.13 micron per hour with the shell in water at 25°C. Hydrogen does not diffuse into the tube when water vapor alone surrounds it. Rates of diffusion were measured through plain and composite metal shells, varying surface treatment and temperature.
Chronic latent herpesvirus infections and their activation (2015)

The experiments reported in this paper were designed to demonstrate the nature of long term herpesvirus infections and to clarify their mode of activation. Rabbits were inoculated intramuscularly and intradermally with several herpes simplex virus strains.Paralysis developed in about 70% of the rabbits.Some weeks or months later, injections of adrenalin increased the severity of paralysis in paralyzed rabbits and stimulated paralysis in symptomless rabbits that received the virus but had not developed a clinical reaction initially.Virus could not be isolated from the central nervous systems of these rabbits.This experiment illustrates that herpes simplex strains inoculated extraneurally are almost always capable of establishing a clinical or subclinical long term infection of the central nervous system.The mode of adrenalin activation of paralysis is not known though an attempt was made to clarify the problem.Prolonged treatment of 9 paralyzed rabbits several months after viral inoculation with predef 2X R precipitated a fatal herpes myelitis in 1 of the 9 rabbits.Virus was isolated from the central nervous system of this rabbit.The circumstances involving the activation of this long term infection strongly indicated that herpes simplex virus can cause chronic latent infections in rabbits.Attempts to activate long term herpes simplex and equine herpesvirus type I infections in mice with adrenalin and cortisone injections were unsuccessful./7 V CHRONIC LATENT HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS AND THEIR ACTIVATION ' ' ' , .
Kinetic Scaffolding Mediated by a Phospholipase C–β and G <sub>q</sub> Signaling Complex (2010)

Transmembrane signals initiated by a broad range of extracellular stimuli converge on nodes that regulate phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent inositol lipid hydrolysis for signal propagation. We describe how heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) activate PLC-βs and in turn are deactivated by these downstream effectors. The 2.7-angstrom structure of PLC-β3 bound to activated Gα(q) reveals a conserved module found within PLC-βs and other effectors optimized for rapid engagement of activated G proteins. The active site of PLC-β3 in the complex is occluded by an intramolecular plug that is likely removed upon G protein-dependent anchoring and orientation of the lipase at membrane surfaces. A second domain of PLC-β3 subsequently accelerates guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis by Gα(q), causing the complex to dissociate and terminate signal propagation. Mutations within this domain dramatically delay signal termination in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, this work suggests a dynamic catch-and-release mechanism used to sharpen spatiotemporal signals mediated by diverse sensory inputs.
Correlation Analysis of Electromyogram Signals for Multiuser Myoelectric Interfaces (2014)

An inability to adapt myoelectric interfaces to a novel user's unique style of hand motion, or even to adapt to the motion style of an opposite limb upon which the interface is trained, are important factors inhibiting the practical application of myoelectric interfaces. This is mainly attributed to the individual differences in the exhibited electromyogram (EMG) signals generated by the muscles of different limbs. We propose in this paper a multiuser myoelectric interface which easily adapts to novel users and maintains good movement recognition performance. The main contribution is a framework for implementing style-independent feature transformation by using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) in which different users' data is projected onto a unified-style space. The proposed idea is summarized into three steps: 1) train a myoelectric pattern classifier on the set of style-independent features extracted from multiple users using the proposed CCA-based mapping; 2) create a new set of features describing the movements of a novel user during a quick calibration session; and 3) project the novel user's features onto a lower dimensional unified-style space with features maximally correlated with training data and classify accordingly. The proposed method has been validated on a set of eight intact-limbed subjects, left-and-right handed, performing ten classes of bilateral synchronous fingers movements with four electrodes on each forearm. The method was able to overcome individual differences through the style-independent framework with accuracies of > 83% across multiple users. Testing was also performed on a set of ten intact-limbed and six below-elbow amputee subjects as they performed finger and thumb movements. The proposed framework allowed us to train the classifier on a normal subject's data while subsequently testing it on an amputee's data after calibration with a performance of > 82% on average across all amputees.
The Role of Toxicological Science in Meeting the Challenges and Opportunities of Hydraulic Fracturing (2014)

We briefly describe how toxicology can inform the discussion and debate of the merits of hydraulic fracturing by providing information on the potential toxicity of the chemical and physical agents associated with this process, individually and in combination. We consider upstream activities related to bringing chemical and physical agents to the site, on-site activities including drilling of wells and containment of agents injected into or produced from the well, and downstream activities including the flow/removal of hydrocarbon products and of produced water from the site. A broad variety of chemical and physical agents are involved. As the industry expands this has raised concern about the potential for toxicological effects on ecosystems, workers, and the general public. Response to these concerns requires a concerted and collaborative toxicological assessment. This assessment should take into account the different geology in areas newly subjected to hydraulic fracturing as well as evolving industrial practices that can alter the chemical and physical agents of toxicological interest. The potential for ecosystem or human exposure to mixtures of these agents presents a particular toxicological and public health challenge. These data are essential for developing a reliable assessment of the potential risks to the environment and to human health of the rapidly increasing use of hydraulic fracturing and deep underground horizontal drilling techniques for tightly bound shale gas and other fossil fuels. Input from toxicologists will be most effective when employed early in the process, before there are unwanted consequences to the environment and human health, or economic losses due to the need to abandon or rework costly initiatives.
Flexible Cryo-Packages for Josephson Devices (2005)

We have developed a method of bonding superconductive integrated-circuit chips to interchangeable, microwave-compatible, flexible cryo-packages. This flip-chip on flex technology will greatly improve the service life and reliability of our Josephson systems because the present press-contacts to the chip are replaced with directly soldered connections. The new method eliminates the most common failure mode for our Josephson chips, which has been the degradation and variation of the contact resistances of the chip pads due to mechanical wear upon repeated thermal cycles from 4/spl deg/K to room temperature. The superior microwave properties of this packaging provide improved operating margins for our devices. We have demonstrated the reliability of the bonds with repeated thermal cycling for 100% operational chips with 40 connections (67 410 Josephson junctions).
Munin: A Peer-to-Peer Middleware for Ubiquitous Analytics and Visualization Spaces (2014)

We present Munin, a software framework for building ubiquitous analytics environments consisting of multiple input and output surfaces, such as tabletop displays, wall-mounted displays, and mobile devices. Munin utilizes a service-based model where each device provides one or more dynamically loaded services for input, display, or computation. Using a peer-to-peer model for communication, it leverages IP multicast to replicate the shared state among the peers. Input is handled through a shared event channel that lets input and output devices be fully decoupled. It also provides a data-driven scene graph to delegate rendering to peers, thus creating a robust, fault-tolerant, decentralized system. In this paper, we describe Munin's general design and architecture, provide several examples of how we are using the framework for ubiquitous analytics and visualization, and present a case study on building a Munin assembly for multidimensional visualization. We also present performance results and anecdotal user feedback for the framework that suggests that combining a service-oriented, data-driven model with middleware support for data sharing and event handling eases the design and execution of high performance distributed visualizations.
A digital beamsteerer for difference frequency in a parametric array (2006)

A steerable audio system can be realized using parametric array. However, the available steerable angle is often limited by the sampling interval used in the digital system. As such, the smallest steerable angle is large (/spl sim/26/spl deg/) for several hundred kilohertz of sampling frequency. Although there are some fractional delay or frequency domain algorithms can be used to improve the steering angle, most of the algorithms are either computational intensive or introduce error during the process. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to rectify this problem by applying separate delays to the carrier and sideband frequencies. Different weighting functions also added to the carrier and sideband frequencies to control the difference frequency's beamwidth and sidelobe. Most importantly, the proposed system can steer the difference frequency to a small angle with minimal computation.
Use of Natural Gums and Mucilages as Pharmaceutical Excipients (2015)

Polysaccharide rich gums and mucilages are produced by different natural sources such as plants, animals and microbial organisms to fulfil structural and physiological functions. Their diverse structural compositions with a broad range of physicochemical properties make them useful for inclusion in dosage forms for different purposes such as to improve manufacturing processes and/or to facilitate drug delivery. A number of natural gums and mucilages have been investigated for inclusion in pharmaceutical formulations for a variety of reasons. The search for new excipients continues to be an active topic in dosage form design and drug delivery research. The aim of this review article is to give an overview of the chemical nature of natural gums and mucilages and to discuss their applications in the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Special emphasis will be placed on the use of gums and mucilages in novel drug delivery systems, such as modified release dosage forms and delivery systems that target specific sites of delivery.
Three‐dimensional marine magnetotellurics for petroleum exploration (2003)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003Three‐dimensional marine magnetotellurics for petroleum explorationAuthors: Michael S. ZhdanovLe WanMichael S. ZhdanovDepartment of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and Le WanDepartment of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817981 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817981FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byNew development in 3‐D marine MT modeling and inversion for off‐shore petroleum explorationMichael S. Zhdanov, Le Wan, Steve Constable, and Kerry Key3 January 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2003 Pages: 2452 publication data© 2003 Copyright © 2003 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Michael S. Zhdanov and Le Wan, (2003), "Three‐dimensional marine magnetotellurics for petroleum exploration," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 541-544. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817981 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Identification of novel sulfur-containing bacterial polyesters: biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxy-S-propyl-ω-thioalkanoates) containing thioether linkages in the side chains (2002)

This study describes the biosynthesis of novel sulfur-containing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which consist exclusively of hydroxypropylthioalkanoic acid containing thioether groups in the side chains. In addition, the utilization of alkylthioalkanoic acids (=thia fatty acids) by various bacteria was investigated. Based on feedings with propylthiooctanoic acid (PTO) or propylthiohexanoic acid, the metabolically engineered PHA-negative mutant PHB(-)4 of Ralstonia eutropha, which harbours plasmid pBBR1::phaC1 expressing the PHA synthase of Pseudomonas mendocina, synthesized two novel poly(3-hydroxy-S-propyl-omega-thioalkanoic) acids [poly(3HPTA)s]. A terpolyester consisting of 3-hydroxypropylthiobutyric acid (3HPTB), 3-hydroxypropylthiohexanoic acid (3HPTHx) and 3-hydroxypropyl- thiooctanoic acid (3HPTO) was synthesized from PTO, whereas a co-polyester of 3HPTB and 3HPTHx was synthesized from propylthiohexanoic acid. Fed-batch fermentation of R. eutropha PHB(-)4(pBBR1::phaC1) on PTO was done on a 26-litre scale, providing a cell density of 7.3 g l(-1), from which 45 g of the novel poly(3HPTB-co-3HPTHx-co-3HPTO) were isolated. The chemical structures of the poly(3HPTA)s were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, elemental sulfur analysis, partial pyrolysis and detailed mass spectrometric analysis, exhibiting 3HPTB, 3HPTHx and 3HPTO as constituents. These novel, hitherto undescribed, constituents of PHAs were randomly distributed in the co-polyesters.
Influence of molecular weight on the photorefractivity of polymer/liquid crystal composites (2002)

We report on photorefractive composites composed of poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK)/liquid crystal/C60 with PVK of different molecular weight (MW). The influence of MW on the photorefractivity was studied. The results show that a higher MW leads to a larger two-beam coupling coefficient Γ and a larger effective electric–optical coefficient. Γ over 200 cm−1 is observed for the composite based on the highest MW PVK.
Low Power Laser Protects Human Erythrocytes In an In Vitro Model of Artificial Heart‐Lung Machines (2000)

The protective effect of the low power helium-neon (He-Ne) laser against the damage of human erythrocytes in whole blood was examined in a perfusion model using an artificial heart-lung machine. Preserved human whole blood was diluted and perfused in 2 closed circuits with a double roller pump. The laser irradiated one of the circuits (laser group), and none the other (control group). In the laser group, erythrocyte deformability and erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were significantly higher, and free hemoglobin levels were significantly lower than those in the control group. Subsequent morphological findings by means of scanning electron microscope were consistent with these results. Low power He-Ne laser protected human erythrocytes in the preserved diluted whole blood from the damage caused by experimental artificial heart-lung machines. The clinical application of low power laser treatment for extracorporeal circulation is suggested.
Outstanding performance of a nanofilm microstrip antenna (2010)

We report on the fabrication of a microstrip antenna with an ultra-thin Iron film patch with thickness of approximately 10 nm. The antenna showed excellent response in terms of performance and reliability. In addition, the antenna demonstrated potential for ultra-wide band applications. Such antennas may therefore have significant promise for system-on-chip, space application, and other specialized applications.
Synthesis of a peptide with delicious taste. (1980)

In order to confirm the primary structure of a delicious peptide which was isolated from extracts of the beef meat, a peptide, H-Lys-Gly-Asp-Glu-Glu-Ser-Leu-Ala-OH, was synthetized. Both of the synthetized peptide and isolated one were identical as shown in many respects.
Morphology of ultrafine polysulfone fibers prepared by electrospinning (2004)

Abstract Ultrafine fibers of bisphenol‐A polysulfone (PSF) were prepared by electrospinning of PSF solutions in mixtures of N , N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and acetone at high voltages. The morphology of the electrospun PSF fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the concentration of polymer solutions and the acetone amount in the mixed solvents influenced the morphology and the diameter of the electrospun fibers. The processing parameters, including the applied voltage, the flow rate, and the distance between capillary and collection screen, were also important for control of the morphology of electrospun PSF fibers. It was suggested that uniform ultrafine PSF fibers with diameter of 300–400 nm could be obtained by electrospinning of a 20 % (wt/v) PSF/DMAC/acetone (DMAC:acetone = 9:1) solution at 10–20 kV voltages when the flow rate was 0.66 ml h −1 and capillary–screen distance was 10 cm. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of defects in composite plates under convective environments using lock-in thermography (2001)

Lock-in thermography is a technique which is increasingly being used for the evaluation of subsurface defects in composite materials such as carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) in aircraft structures. Most CFRP structures have a finite thickness and non-destructive inspection is performed in a natural ambient environment. In this paper, a photothermal model is developed in order to investigate the behaviour of thermal waves in homogeneous plates and layered plates with finite thicknesses under convective conditions. The model is then utilized to predict the phase differences produced by multi-layer subsurface defects and optimum inspection parameters. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental results. The detectivity of lock-in thermography for CFRP is also presented in this paper.
Using network traffic to infer power levels in wireless sensor nodes (2014)

In this paper we leverage the concept of information leakage to demonstrate the correlation between network traffic and available power levels in wireless sensor nodes brought about as a result of dynamic duty cycling. We show that this correlation can be used to remotely infer sensor node power levels. Essentially, our premise is that by determining the send rate of a wireless sensor node the current duty cycle mode and thus available power level of the node can be inferred. Our scheme, namely Power Efficient Path Selection (PEPS), is motivated by the fact that dynamic duty cycling attempts to streamline power usage in wireless sensor nodes by decreasing radio usage, which directly affects the node's network traffic send rate. PEPS is an enhancement to the shortest path algorithm that allows us to 1) reduce the volume of periodic messages since the energy level of neighboring nodes and their statuses are inferred rather than communicated via control packets, and 2) extend the lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN) through the selection of energy-aware communication paths. We demonstrate the performance and feasibility of PEPS through simulation and comparative study with the traditional Shortest Path algorithm. The results indicate significant energy savings and the extension of the lifetime of the wireless sensor network when PEPS is employed.
Preparation of Binder‐Free, Thin Film LiCoO2 and Its Electrochemical Responses in a Propylene Carbonate Solution (1995)

Binder‐free, thin film (ca. 0.3 μm) electrodes have been prepared by the oxidation of metallic Co deposited on an Au substrate in molten at 650°C under a atmosphere. Electrochemical measurements were carried out in 1M electrolytes using cyclic voltammetry. It was demonstrated that cyclic voltammograms measured at 0.1 mV/s scan rate show a well‐defined, reversible three‐peaked wave due to extraction of Li+ ions from the solid phase.
Second-harmonic generation with monolithic walk-off-compensating periodic structures I Theory (2003)

Second-harmonic generation in a periodic structure made from N pairs of optically contacted, birefringence phase-matched, walk-off-compensating bulk plates is theoretically investigated. In the undepleted-pump approximation, analytical (heuristic) expressions for conversion efficiency versus N are derived for both type I and type II phase matching. An explicit split-step beam propagation scheme that solves exactly the coupled paraxial-wave equations is used to check the validity of the heuristic results. For type II, stronger conversion enhancement than for bulk crystal is predicted in the low-depletion regime, whereas for type I such structures avoid harmonic beam ellipticity. The periodic structures are found to behave as nonlinear harmonic birefringent filters because of the presence of periodic wave-vector mismatch grating ±Δk that results from walk-off compensation. The effect of periodicity imperfections, such as residual plate orientation mismatches, was found to be responsible for broadening of the tuning bandwidth in walk-off-compensating devices.