gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate determination of liquid-crystal tilt bias angles (1977)

A detailed analysis is given for three techniques used to determine the tilt bias angle of a nematic liquid crystal in contact with a boundary surface. Two of these methods, the crystal rotation and capacitive methods, have severe disadvantages, such as a restricted range of application, an insufficient accuracy, and sometimes require knowledge of nematic material constants which have to be determined by separate experiments. A third and more useful method, a magnetic null method, makes it possible to determine the tilt bias angle directly with only one measurement to an accuracy of 0.1°, regardless of the size of the angle or the nature of the nematic liquid crystal. Using the magnetic null method we have investigated the tilt bias angles of nematics in contact with glass substrates onto which a coating of SiO had been obliquely evaporated. We find that the tilt bias angle decreases with increasing evaporation angle (both angles measured from sample plane) until a critical evaporation angle of ?14° is reached, whereupon the director reorients out of the plane of incidence of the evaporation beam and assumes a direction normal to this plane with a 0° tilt bias. We also find that the tilt bias angle varies from compound to compound for the same evaporation parameters and is influenced by temperature and trace impurities.
Catalysis by human leukocyte elastase: mechanistic insights into specificity requirements (1987)

Steady-state kinetic parameters were determined for the human leukocyte elastase catalyzed hydrolysis of a series of peptide-based thiobenzyl esters and p-nitroanilides. The peptide units are MeOSuc-Val, MeOSuc-Alan-Pro-Val (n = 0-2), and MeOSuc-Alan-Pro-Ala (n = 1 or 2). The results of this study suggest five important mechanistic features for HLE. Few important remote subsite contacts are established in the Michaelis complex. Full recognition and tight binding of the substrate occurs in the transition state for acylation. The P3-S3 interaction is critical during acylation. Subsite contacts are unimportant in deacylation. P1 specificity is regulated by peptide length. An important steady-state kinetic consequence of this specificity is that the rate-limiting step of kc for p-nitroanilide hydrolysis changes from acylation to deacylation as the peptide chain is lengthened.
Understanding the Oil Recovery Challenge of Water Drive Fractured Reservoirs (2009)

Improving or Enhancing the oil recovery appears as a challenge for many porous fractured carbonate reservoirs as<br>unfavourable conditions for matrix oil production are often encountered, such as a low permeability or a weak water<br>wettability of the matrix medium. The selection, optimization and risk minimization of a production scenario for such fields<br>goes through a clear understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms, together with a sufficient characterization of the<br>fracture network and the evaluation of determinant matrix properties.
Road sector EIA guidelines (1999)

While the Road Sector Institutional Support Technical Assistance Project will examine rehabilitation options to minimize the need for ongoing road maintenance, the environmental assessment considers the potential environmental effects of the project on social, cultural, and economic resources, in a two-volume report covering the Katunguru - Kasese - Fort Portal Road, and Kasese - Kilembe Road - Equator Road segments. Measures to mitigate adversity are: To reduce the effects of road widening, those works within road reserves, should be conducted after harvest period, and, for those outside road reserve, compensation should be granted to affected landowners. As a result of earthworks, borrow pits will be available for waste, and spoil disposal, in an effort to reduce hydrological damage. Noise, dust, and safety risks will be minimized by limiting working hours to daytime schedules, enforcing control measures to reduce traffic speed, and, securing access to pedestrians, and cyclists through adequate traffic signals, and temporary diversions. During construction, health facilities will be available on-site, to ensure the well-being of local workforce, and communities. Maintenance of drainage infrastructure will be pursued, to avoid potential flooding of adjacent properties.
Structure of gallotannins in Paeoniae Radix. (1980)

The gallotannins (polygalloylglucoses) were isolated homogeneously from Paeoniae Radix and their structures were elucidated by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Analysis and Design of a Modular Multilevel Converter With Trapezoidal Modulation for Medium and High Voltage DC-DC Transformers (2014)

Conventional dual-active bridge topologies provide galvanic isolation and soft-switching over a reasonable operating range without dedicated resonant circuits. However, scaling the two-level dual-active bridge to higher dc voltage levels is impeded by several challenges among which the high dv/dt stress on the coupling transformer insulation. Gating and thermal characteristics of series switch arrays add to the limitations. To avoid the use of standard bulky modular multilevel bridges, this paper analyzes an alternative modulation technique, where staircase approximated trapezoidal voltage waveforms are produced; thus, alleviating developed dv/dt stresses. Modular design is realized by the utilization of half-bridge chopper cells. This way the analyzed dc-dc transformer employs modular multilevel converters operated in a new mode with minimal common-mode arm currents, as well as reduced capacitor size, hence reduced cell footprint. Suitable switching patterns are developed and various design and operation aspects are studied. Soft-switching characteristics will be shown to be comparable to those of the two-level dual-active bridge. Experimental results from a scaled test rig validate the presented concept.
LiNbO3 surface-acoustic-wave edge-bonded transducers on ST quartz and 〈001〉 cut GaAs (1981)

LiNbO3 surface-acoustic-wave edge-bonded transducers have been fabricated on ST quartz and 〈001〉 cut GaAs substrates. Efficient transduction has been demonstrated with fractional bandwidths of 50 and 91% for the ST quartz and GaAs substrates, respectively. The devices have a center frequency in the vicinity of 100 MHz. Conversion loss as low as 4 dB has been measured. A model which accurately predicts this transducer performance has been devised.
Alpha 1-antitrypsin in acute myocardial infarction. (1983)

Alpha 1-antitrypsin serum levels were measured in 48 patients with acute myocardial infarction and in 19 control patients either with coronary heart disease without necrosis, or with neither coronary disease nor inflammation. Alpha 1-antitrypsin was significantly raised in the group of patients with acute myocardial infarction. As some patients individually showed no change in alpha 1-antitrypsin levels, however, they were divided into two groups according to the maximum serum levels attained. Patients with non-increasing levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin showed increased mortality and a higher incidence of cardiogenic shock, whereas reinfarction occurred more frequently in the group with high alpha 1-antitrypsin levels. Our findings may suggest that the course of a myocardial infarction is determined not only by the severity of the ischaemic event, but also by the response of the "acute" phase reaction" mechanism. We conclude that a failure of alpha 1-antitrypsin levels to increase after myocardial infarction may be associated with a worse clinical course.
Evolution of F-box genes in plants: Different modes of sequence divergence and their relationships with functional diversification (2009)

F-box proteins are substrate-recognition components of the Skp1-Rbx1-Cul1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligases. In plants, F-box genes form one of the largest multigene superfamilies and control many important biological functions. However, it is unclear how and why plants have acquired a large number of F-box genes. Here we identified 692, 337, and 779 F-box genes in Arabidopsis, poplar and rice, respectively, and studied their phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns. We found that the plant F-box superfamily can be divided into 42 families, each of which has a distinct domain organization. We also estimated the number of ancestral genes for each family and identified highly conservative versus divergent families. In conservative families, there has been little or no change in the number of genes since the divergence between eudicots and monocots approximately 145 million years ago. In divergent families, however, the numbers have increased dramatically during the same period. In two cases, the numbers of genes in extant species are >100 times greater than that in the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the three species. Proteins encoded by highly conservative genes always have the same domain organization, suggesting that they interact with the same or similar substrates. In contrast, proteins of rapidly duplicating genes sometimes have quite different domain structures, mainly caused by unusually frequent shifts of exon-intron boundaries and/or frameshift mutations. Our results indicate that different F-box families, or different clusters of the same family, have experienced dramatically different modes of sequence divergence, apparently having resulted in adaptive changes in function.
Interleukin‐10 does not contribute to the pathogenesis of a virulent strain of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2001)

Interleukin (IL)-10 is an inhibitor of cell mediated immunity and an antagonist of the development of protective immune responses associated with resistance to T. gondii. These observations led to the hypothesis that the production of IL-10 could contribute to the ability of T. gondii to replicate and survive in an immune competent host. To determine whether the production of IL-10 affects the ability of the RH strain of T. gondii to cause a lethal infection in mice, we compared the immune response to RH in IL-10+/+ and IL-10-/- BALB/c mice. Both groups of mice produced comparable amounts of IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma and had similar mortality curves and parasite burdens. The use of green fluorescent protein-labelled parasites allowed us to infect IL-10+/+ and IL-10-/- mice and use a fluorescence-activated cell sorter to distinguish infected and uninfected populations of macrophages and compare their expression of CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Although infected cells expressed higher overall levels of these molecules than uninfected cells, there were no differences between cells isolated from IL-10+/+ and IL-10-/- mice. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-10 is not required for the virulence of the RH strain of T. gondii, nor is it involved in the regulation of the CD80, CD86 and MHC class II molecules during RH-infection.
Salman Rushdie and Indian historiography: writing the nation into being (2011)

"Salman Rushdie and Indian historiography: writing the nation into being." Contemporary South Asia, 19(3), pp. 348–349
Decreased drug accumulation in a mitoxantrone-resistant gastric carcinoma cell line in the absence of P-glycoprotein (1997)

An established gastric-carcinoma cell line, EPG85-257P, is extremely sensitive to mitoxantrone (IC50, 0.12 ng/ml). Stepwise selection with mitoxantrone for 3 years resulted in a cell line (EPG85-257RN) that is 7,056-fold resistant to mitoxantrone (IC50, 846 ng/ml) and displays cross-resistance to the topoisomerase(topo)-II poisons ametantrone (411x), etoposide (112x) and teniposide (60x) as well as the topo-I poisons 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (331x) and topotecan (58x). We now show that this resistance is multifactorial. Western blotting revealed a 5-fold decrease in topo-IIalpha polypeptide in the mitoxantrone-resistant cells. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting failed to demonstrate P-glycoprotein overexpression. Formation of trapped topo-II-DNA complexes in the resistant cells required higher mitoxantrone concentrations than in parental cells, even though nuclei isolated from the EPG85-257RN cells formed cleavage complexes normally. In agreement with these observations, which suggest the possibility of a defect in mitoxantrone accumulation, examination of mitoxantrone accumulation in both cell lines by confocal laser microscopy revealed that the EPG85-257RN cells accumulate less mitoxantrone at steady state. From these results, we propose that mitoxantrone accumulation, along with alterations in topo-IIalpha expression, contribute to the resistance to mitoxantrone observed in these cells.
Everting (Toposcopic) Catheter for Broad Clinical Application (1986)

The advanced development of the clinical everting (toposcopic) catheter is described. A detailed discussion of the design and outline of the fabrication techniques are followed by a thorough performance evaluation and summary of the first two clinical applications. The everting element is a low-durometer thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. Surface treatments include the bonding of a hydrophilic polymeric coating, optimized for lubricity, to the sliding internal surfaces of the catheter. Eversion pressures and infusion/aspiration flow rates have been measured under various conditions and the infusate-in-blood mixing potential investigated. A preliminary assessment is given of the clinical performance of the catheter in the vascular delivery of chemotherapy and standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Template generation from postmarks using cascaded unsupervised learning (2015)

Information in historical datasets comes in many forms. We are working with a set of World War I era postcards that contain hand written text, some preprinted text, postage stamps and postmark/cancellation stamps. The postmarks are of considerable interest to collectors looking for images of samples they had not previously seen. The postmarks also provide information on the originating location of the card that complements the information in the address block.
Disfluency Detection using a Noisy Channel Model and a Deep Neural Language Model (2018)

Although speech recognition technology has improved considerably in recent years, current systems still output simply a sequence of words without any useful information about the location of disfluencies. On the other hand, such information is necessary for improving the readability of speech transcripts. In fact, speech transcripts containing a lot of disfluencies are difficult to understand, so removing disfluent words can make speech transcripts more readable. Moreover, many tasks including dialogue systems input spontaneous speech. Such systems are usually trained on fluent, clean corpora, so inputting disfluent data would decrease their performance. This thesis aims at introducing a model for automatic disfluency detection in spontaneous speech transcripts called LSTM Noisy Channel Model. The model uses a Noisy Channel Model (NCM) to find "rough copies" that are likely to indicate disfluencies and generate n-best candidate disfluency analyses. Then, the underlying fluent sentences of each candidate analysis are scored using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) language model. The LSTM language model scores, along with other features, are used in a reranker to identify the most plausible analysis. We show that using LSTM language model scores as features to rerank the analyses generated by an NCM improves the state of-the-art in disfluency detection.
Cleavage of blood coagulation factor XIII and fibrinogen by thrombin during in vitro clotting. (1985)

Thrombin cleavage of blood coagulation Factor XIII (a2b2) and fibrinogen was studied during in vitro clotting to determine the physiologic sequence of these events. First, the time course of fibrin formation and cleavage of Factor XIII was measured in platelet-rich plasma. Cleavage of fibrinogen was measured by using a radioimmunoassay for fibrinopeptide A. Conversion of trace amounts of radioiodinated a-chains of 125I-Factor XIII to thrombin-modified a-chains was measured in unreduced 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. During spontaneous clotting, a similar percentage of 125I-Factor XIII and fibrinogen was cleaved at each time point. Visible gelation of polymerized fibrin monomer occurred when 24 +/- 8% of fibrinogen was cleaved and 21 +/- 6% of Factor XIII was converted to Factor XIII'. Thrombin cleavage of Factor XIII and fibrinogen was also studied in platelet-poor plasma to which thrombin was added. In order to measure Factor XIIIa activity, fibrin polymerization was completely inhibited by the addition of Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro. Factor XIIIa formation was measured by the incorporation of [3H]putrescine into casein. The concentration of added thrombin required to cleave 50% of fibrinogen and Factor XIII was 0.65 U/ml and 0.35 U/ml, respectively. The rate of cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin was 43-fold greater than cleavage of Factor XIII. Lower Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro concentrations were used to determine the effects of incompletely inhibiting fibrin polymerization on cleavage of Factor XIII and fibrinogen. Thrombin cleavage of Factor XIII but not fibrinogen was dependent on the extent of fibrin polymerization. The more marked the degree of inhibition of fibrin polymerization, the slower the rate of Factor XIIIa formation. Thus, in platelet-rich plasma, thrombin cleavage of Factor XIII and fibrinogen are closely related events during spontaneous clotting. Furthermore, cleavage of Factor XIII during clotting is enhanced by fibrin polymerization in platelet-poor plasma.
Rapid Capture of DNA Targets (2008)

A rapid capture technique was developed to efficiently isolate specific DNA targets from a variety of genomes. The specificity can be easily adapted to any target for which partial sequence is known, allowing for the isolation of a wide set of target molecules from either characterized or uncharacterized genomes. These targets include but are not limited to transposable elements, microsatellites, repetitive sequences, and possibly unique sequences. Additionally, because the thermodynamics of nucleic acid hybridizations differ from processes such as PCR, a wider variety of targets with a range of mismatches to any customized probe can be isolated. Further this method allows sequences flanking known internal regions to be co-isolated, facilitating the development of flanking primers for downstream applications. Considerable reduction in the frequency of nonspecific binding between key components (background) obviates the need for subsequent screening steps. Rapid capture of DNA targets quickly provides information about target and flanking sequences.
IL-12 and IL-23/Th17 axis in systemic lupus erythematosus (2019)

Our article is focused on emerging pathogenetic pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Notably, IL-12 and IL-23 have been described as emerging cytokines in SLE pathogenesis. We know that IL-23 stimulates Th17 cells to produce IL-17. We try to point out the importance of IL-23/Th17 axis in SLE and to focus on the interaction between this axis and IL-12. Ustekinumab, a fully human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody directed towards the p40 shared subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, has been recently investigated in SLE, suggesting a potential novel therapeutic strategy in SLE. To our knowledge, there are no reviews which simultaneously focus on IL-12 an IL-23/Th17 axis in SLE. Thus, we believe our work will be of interest to the readers.
Channel quantization for block diagonalization with limited feedback in multiuser MIMO downlink channels (2014)

Block diagonalization (BD) has been proposed as a simple and effective technique in multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) broadcast channels. However, when channel state information (CSI) knowledge is limited at the transmitter, the performance of the BD may be degraded because inter-user interference cannot be completely eliminated. In this paper, we propose an efficient CSI quantization technique for BD preceded systems with limited feedback where users supported by a base station are selected by dynamic scheduling. First, we express the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) when multiple data streams are transmitted to the user, and derive a lower bound expression of the expected received SINR at each user. Then, based on this measure, each user determines its quantized CSI feedback information which maximizes the derived expected SINR, which comprises both the channel direction and the amplitude information. From simulations, we confirm that the proposed SINR-based channel quantization scheme achieves a significant sum rate gain over the conventional method in practical MU-MIMO systems.
M3 muscarinic receptor mediates regulation of protein secretion in rabbit lacrimal gland (1997)

In vitro rabbit lacrimal gland protein secretion is comparable to that in vivo. Cholinergic-mediated control of rabbit lacrimal gland protein secretion occurs through stimulation of the M3 muscarinic receptor subtype.
Determination of airborne formaldehyde by active sampling on 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride-coated glass fibre filters (2001)

Formaldehyde was sampled with the use of a standard miniature glass fibre filter coated with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH). The formaldehyde hydrazone formed [i.e., the adduct of formaldehyde (HCHO) and MBTH] was desorbed from the filter with water and then oxidised by an iron(III) chloride-sulfamic acid solution to form a blue cationic dye in acidic medium which was subsequently determined by visible absorption at 628 nm. The recovery of HCHO as the cationic dye from MBTH-coated filters is 87-102% in the range 0.065-2.9 micrograms of HCHO. This corresponds to 4.3-193.3 micrograms m-3 in a 15 L air sample. The collection efficiency of the MBTH-coated filter is higher than 90%. When the filter sampling system is used in active mode, air can be sampled at a rate of up to 1 L min-1, affording an overall sensitivity of about 3 micrograms m-3, corresponding to about 2 ppb v/v HCHO at 1 atm and 273 K. The method was successfully applied to the determination of HCHO in samples of indoor and outdoor air with satisfactory results.
Development of ePPMS for research proposals based on integrated spring and Hibernate framework (2015)

To facilitate researchers and scientists an ePPMS (electronic Project proposal Management system) is implemented using spring and Hibernate and designed using HTML5 and CSS3.PostgreSQL database was used as back end. The developed system has overcome the time consuming process of research proposal submission, scrutiny,review, obtaining required reports and certificates, monitoring etc. The Model-View-Controller design pattern of spring which provide legible code structure along with code reuse and Object Relation mapping of hibernate which makes data manipulation easy have been used in system development.HTML5 and CSS3 provides responsive layout that suits different screen sizes. PostgreSQL provides flexibility in deployment without additional license cost. The developed system is a multitier system which can separate presentation logic from business logic and improves reliability, reusability, maintainability and low coupling.