gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<sup>31</sup>P NMR characterization of cellular metabolism during dexamethasone induced apoptosis in human leukemic cell lines (1994)

31P NMR has been used to study the effects of dexamethasone on phosphorus metabolism in one dexamethasone (dex)-sensitive (CEM-C7) and three different dex-resistant (CEM-C1, CEM-4R4, and CEM-ICR27) human leukemic cell lines. The use of these cell lines, containing widely varying amounts of glucocorticoid receptors, made it possible to evaluate the receptor-mediated contributions to the modes of action of dexamethasone in these cells. To evaluate the effects of dexamethasone without any significant contribution from experimental conditions, all the experiments were done with parallel controls. Results obtained showed: 1) significantly different levels of phosphorylethanolamine (PE) and phosphorylcholine (PC) among cell lines, suggesting significant differences in phospholipid metabolism; 2) the dexamethasone induced reduction of phosphomonoester (PE+PC), ATP, and metabolic rates probably through glucocorticoid receptor mediated mechanisms; 3) the dexamethasone induced stimulation of cellular metabolism in a process which seems to be independent of glucocorticoid receptors; and 4) the dexamethasone induced alkaline shift of intracellular pH in all the cell lines except ICR27. The reduction in PME levels seems to be an earlier step in dexamethasone-induced apoptosis than the reduction in ATP. The degree of alkaline shift was found to correlate with the number of glucocorticoid receptors present. The possible involvement of phospholipid metabolites as second messengers in dexamethasone-induced apoptosis is discussed.
BI-LAYER CAPACITIVE TYPE LIGHT AND HUMIDITY SENSORS (2008)

In this work, we have investigated the capacitive type light and humidity sensors fabricated by using cellulose and copper phtalocyanine (CuPc). Films of cellulose were deposited on glass substrates with preliminary deposited metallic electrodes followed by deposition of CuPc films. The capacitances of the samples were evaluated under the effect of light and humidity. It was observed that the capacitance of the sensor increases with increase in light intensity and relative humidity level. Comparison of the samples with different electrodes shows that the light sensitivity of the sample having Al electrodes is 2 times greater than the Ag one.
Complex spectrogram enhancement by convolutional neural network with multi-metrics learning (2017)

This paper aims to address two issues existing in the current speech enhancement methods: 1) the difficulty of phase estimations; 2) a single objective function cannot consider multiple metrics simultaneously. To solve the first problem, we propose a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) model for complex spectrogram enhancement, namely estimating clean real and imaginary (RI) spectrograms from noisy ones. The reconstructed RI spectrograms are directly used to synthesize enhanced speech waveforms. In addition, since log-power spectrogram (LPS) can be represented as a function of RI spectrograms, its reconstruction is also considered as another target. Thus a unified objective function, which combines these two targets (reconstruction of RI spectrograms and LPS), is equivalent to simultaneously optimizing two commonly used objective metrics: segmental signal-to-noise ratio (SSNR) and log-spectral distortion (LSD). Therefore, the learning process is called multi-metrics learning (MML). Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed CNN with RI spectrograms and MML in terms of improved standardized evaluation metrics on a speech enhancement task.
Prevalence of BRCA1 mutations in triple negative breast cancer (BC) (2006)

508 Background: 90% of BCs in women with germline BRCA1 mutations are ER, PR and HER2 negative (so-called “Triple Negatives”), and 80–90% of triple negative BCs are “basal-like” by DNA microarray and IHC analysis. Prevalence of germline BRCA1 mutations among women with triple negative BC may therefore, be elevated, and underestimated by available calculation models, which do not take tumor features into account. Methods: We randomly identified 200 women from the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center SPORE annotated specimen bank with histologically confirmed primary invasive, ER, PR and HER2 negative BC. Myriad prevalence tables for BRCA1 were used to estimate the probability that each subject carried a BRCA1 mutation according to age at BC diagnosis, family and personal history of breast and/or ovarian cancer, and Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. Full sequencing analysis for BRCA1 germline mutations is in progress. Results: The median age at diagnosis of triple negative BC was 49 years (range 26–79). The majority of tumors were high grade (89%) ductal (95%) carcinomas; median tumor size was 2 cm, 50% had positive nodes. 3 patients had a personal history of ovarian cancer and 13 reported Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. 44% had at least one first or second degree relative with BC; 12% had at least one relative with ovarian cancer. The estimated probability of detecting a BRCA1 mutation according to the Myriad tables ranged from 0.019 to 0.386 (median 0.039): the total expected number of BRCA1 mutations was 11. In a subgroup of 23 patients (12%), who had undergone clinical testing, 2.7 BRCA1 and 1.4 BRCA2 mutations were expected according to the Myriad tables. However, 9 deleterious BRCA1 mutations (39.1%) were found; 2 patients had a BRCA2 mutation (8.7%). Conclusions: The relative excess of BRCA1 mutations in a small group of patients with triple negative BC suggests that established risk factors alone may underestimate the prevalence of BRCA1 mutations among women with this BC subtype. We anticipate that complete BRCA1 analysis of our entire group will more definitively estimate the prevalence BRCA1 mutations among women with triple negative BC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
High resolution approach for phase based TOF ranging using compressive sampling (2011)

Phase measurement based time-of-flight ranging techniques are a valid approach for radio-frequency distance measurements using a small relative bandwidth. Step-frequency radar enhances this approach for application on multiple frequencies. In case of presence of narrowband interference, distance calculations are possibly affected depending on the number of frequencies measured and the type of the antennae used. The Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) tends to be robust against interferences compared to calculation of a weighted mean. Resolution of IFFT and therefore accuracy of the ranging result depends on the number of measurement taps available. In this paper, the Compressive Sampling (CS) approach is investigated to increase the resolution of IFFT. It is shown that the CS approach is applicable for SFR in such scenario. Field tests have been performed for verification using a commercial ranging system from ZigPos company with different prototype antennae to minimize multipath influence in indoor environment.
Duplex Molecular Strands Based on the 3,6-Diaminopyridazine Hydrogen Bonding Motif:  Amplifying Small-Molecule Self-Assembly Preferences through Preorganization and Iterative Arrangement of Binding Residues (2005)

Structural parameters obtained through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the one-dimensional H-bonding motif expressed by 3,6-diaminopyridazine are applied to the design of related monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric duplex molecular strands. The mode of assembly and the interstrand affinity of the oligomers are established in solution by (1)H NMR dilution experiments, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and vapor pressure osmometry. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis of the dimeric diaminopyridazine 2a corroborates the intended duplex mode of assembly. Binding free energy per unimer (-DeltaG degrees /n) increases upon extension from monomer to dimer to trimer, signifying a positive cooperative effect. Micromolar binding affinity (K(d) = 1.25 +/- 0.1 microM) was determined for the duplex trimer by ITC in 1,2-dichloroethane at 20 degrees C. These data provide further insight into the structural and interactional features of synthetic duplex oligomers required for high-affinity, high-specificity binding and define new recognition elements for use in nanoscale assembly.
Photoswitching in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (2006)

While dealing with photonics, we find that user-controllable electro-optical devices are of great importance. In this paper, the optical control of the light scattering properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals has been achieved by dissolving a photoconductive material in the polymer matrix. In the dark, an electric field, lower than the threshold one, is applied across the film, which, consequently, appears opaque. After irradiation with an adequate light beam, the change in the electrical properties of the polymer matrix enhances the effective field across the liquid crystal droplets, making the film transparent. The device can be switched off by turning off either the light source or the electric field. The effects of light intensity and photoconductor concentration on the film phototunability are also discussed.
Complement activation by artificial blood substitute Fluosol: in vitro and in vivo studies (1991)

A perfluorocarbon blood substitute, Fluosol, is undergoing clinical trials as an adjunct to chemotherapy. The adverse effects associated with its administration have been postulated to result from complement activation. When gel electrophoresis and Western blotting of Fluosol are used after its incubation with serum, activated C3 and factors Bb and H are bound to the Fluosol particles in a time-dependent fashion, which suggests that complement activation with Fluosol, as does that with zymosan, occurs on the surface of the particles. Paradoxically, it is found, both by the measurement of Fluosol-bound C3d and by fluid-phase C5a, that lower concentrations of Fluosol cause greater amounts of complement activation, which suggests a complex interaction of activators and inhibitors that changes as the available surface area is decreased. Studies performed with bystander red cell-bound C3d demonstrated in vivo complement activation occurring in six patients receiving Fluosol as an adjunct to chemotherapy for colon cancer. In two patients, there was a marked increase in red cell-bound C3d after Fluosol infusion; these two patients also developed adverse reactions during Fluosol infusion. These studies suggest that the Fluosol surface plays a major role in the initiation and regulation of complement activation that is seen during Fluosol infusion.
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Cipher Suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS) (2006)

This document describes new key exchange algorithms based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. In particular, it specifies the use of Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key agreement in a TLS handshake and the use of Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) as a new authentication mechanism.
Nonlinear characterization of GeSbS chalcogenide glass waveguides (2016)

GeSbS ridge waveguides have recently been demonstrated as a promising mid - infrared platform for integrated waveguide - based chemical sensing and photodetection. To date, their nonlinear optical properties remain relatively unexplored. In this paper, we characterize the nonlinear optical properties of GeSbS glasses, and show negligible nonlinear losses at 1.55 μm. Using self - phase modulation experiments, we characterize a waveguide nonlinear parameter of 7 W<sup>-1</sup>/m and nonlinear refractive index of 3.71 × 10<sup>-18</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/W. GeSbS waveguides are used to generate supercontinuum from 1280 nm to 2120 nm at the -30 dB level. The spectrum expands along the red shifted side of the spectrum faster than on the blue shifted side, facilitated by cascaded stimulated Raman scattering arising from the large Raman gain of chalcogenides. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic measurements show that these glasses are optically transparent up to 25 μm, making them useful for short - wave to long - wave infrared applications in both linear and nonlinear optics.
Comparing Current Belief's on Private and Public Education (1994)

In September of 1992 a survey of eighty-one subjects was conducted to determine attitudes of people who had been educated with a private school background versus those with a public school background. The survey was designed to determine if people would financially support their reported belief. Prior research indicates that beliefs are held relative to cost that is required to sustain them. Ableson (1989) states that beliefs serve an experiential or an instrumental function based on benefits provided by particular beliefs. He points out that beliefs are acquired through various developmental experiences and that this affects way an individual either cherishes or is willing to relinquish their belief (Abelson & Prentice, 1989). Commitment to any ideal is relative to a person's self-perception and to manner in which they believe themselves to be perceived by others. Abelson (1988) defines commitment as the emotional product of a powerful and inexplicable experience in which a sudden rush of conviction occurs when a congenial idea arises in an exciting setting. If this occurs before cognitive elaboration, there is a danger that cognitive processes will be distorted, which results in prejudged conclusions (1988). So, question one might ask is: did emotional aspect of affiliation with a particular type school influence integrity of subjects' responses? Next, subject of must be addressed. Disciplined knowledge is required by scientists in any field. To imply that a private school provides more, or less, knowledge than a public school is irrelevant without a basis for defining criteria of knowledge sought. Therefore, amount and type of knowledge that an individual receives is not addressed. Method Subjects A sample of convenience composed of eighty-one students from Auburn University at Montgomery, Alabama, was given a twenty-four question survey. The survey contained questions concerning school facilities, school activities, teacher roles, socialization effects and, financial considerations. Of those surveyed, 72% had attended public school, 13% had attended private school, and 14% had attended both private and public schools. Procedure The questionnaire was assigned point values for each question according to scale +2(SA), +1(A), - 1(D), -2(SD). The surveys were initially divided into three groups and a t-test performed between groups. There being no significant difference between private and private/public combined groups, information for two groups was pooled. A random selection of 24 surveys from public group was then made a t-test performed between this group and group of pooled surveys from private-private/ public respondents. The entire procedures of randomly selecting 24 surveys from public group and performing a t-test between groups was repeated twice to check validity of primary t-test results. …
Detection of African horsesickness viral antigens in tissues by immunofluorescence. (1972)

The fluorescent antibody reaction was studied in tissues of ponies infected with African horsesickness virus (AHSV). Lung, spleen, lymph node, liver, skeletal muscle, intestine, stomach, nerve ganglion and kidney were sectioned and stained by the direct fluorescent antibody technique (FA). Fluorescence was demonstrated only in the spleen and could be inhibited by using unconjugated antiserum.
<title>Topological design of WDM networks accommodating wavelength paths</title> (1999)

Recently, the number of carriers have increased and they intensively compete with each other. In order to accommodate skyrocketing traffic, it is natural that several carriers newly construct fiber optic networks as well as the existing ones. The wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology is promising for the construction. In the WDM networks, several routing and wavelength assignment strategies have been proposed and the cost effectiveness have been shown in sample topologies. However, such topologies will not always meet the future's great traffic demand. In this paper, we propose a new topological design algorithm to minimize network cost consisting of the conduit and fiber optic cost. We validate the minimization level of our heuristic algorithm by comparing it with lower bound.
Amylin at the interface between metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders (2015)

The pancreatic peptide amylin is best known for its role as a satiation hormone in the control of food intake and as the major component of islet amyloid deposits in the pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Epidemiological studies have established a clear association between metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders in general, and between T2DM and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in particular. Here, we discuss that amylin may be an important player acting at the interface between these metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Abnormal amylin production is a hallmark peripheral pathology both in the early (pre-diabetic) and late phases of T2DM, where hyperamylinemic (early phase) and hypoamylinemic (late phase) conditions coincide with hyper- and hypo-insulinemia, respectively. Moreover, there are notable biochemical similarities between amylin and β-amyloids (Aβ), which are both prone to amyloid plaque formation and to cytotoxic effects. Amylin's propensity to form amyloid plaques is not restricted to pancreatic islet cells, but readily extends to the CNS, where it has been found to co-localize with Aβ plaques in at least a subset of AD patients. Hence, amylin may constitute a "second amyloid" in neurodegenerative disorders such as AD. We further argue that hyperamylinemic conditions may be more relevant for the early processes of amyloid formation in the CNS, whereas hypoamylinemic conditions may be more strongly associated with late stages of central amyloid pathologies. Advancing our understanding of these temporal relationships may help to establish amylin-based interventions in the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders with metabolic comorbidities.
Expression and characterization of recombinant soluble peptide: I-A complexes associated with murine experimental autoimmune diseases. (1998)

Structural and functional studies of murine MHC class II I-A molecules have been limited by the low yield and instability of soluble, recombinant heterodimers. In the murine autoimmune diseases experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and collagen-induced arthritis, MHC class II molecules I-Au and I-Aq present peptides derived from myelin basic protein and type II collagen, respectively, to autoreactive T cells. To date, systems for the expression of these two I-A molecules in soluble form for use in structure-function relationship studies have not been reported. In the present study, we have expressed functional I-Au and I-Aq molecules using a baculovirus insect cell system. The chain pairing and stability of the molecules were increased by covalently linking the antigenic peptides to beta-chains and adding carboxyl-terminal leucine zippers. Peptide:I-Aq complex quantitatively formed an SDS-stable dimer, whereas peptide:I-Au formed undetectable amounts. However, the two complexes did not show any significant difference in their response to thermal denaturation as assessed by circular dichroism analyses. The autoantigen peptide:I-A complexes were highly active in stimulating cognate T cells to secrete IL-2 and inducing Ag-specific apoptosis of the T cells. Interestingly, the T cells were stimulated by these soluble molecules in the apparent absence of experimentally induced cross-linking of TCRs, indicating that they may have therapeutic potential in autoimmune disease models.
Ultrashort, nonlinear, optical time response of Fe-doped InGaAs/InP multiple quantum wells in 1.55-μm range (2003)

Pump-probe experiments are used to characterize Fe-doped InGaAs/InP multiple quantum wells for ultrafast saturable absorption applications. Sample photoresponse time is well controlled by iron doping from the nanosecond range to a value as short as 0.45 ps for an iron concentration of 6×1018 cm−3. Furthermore, the switching amplitude, that is, the differential transmission ratio (DTR), of samples having increasing Fe doping (null to 6×1018 cm−3) presents two decreasing regimes at moderate optical excitation levels. The first one is explained well by the degree of quality of the material, whereas the second one is interpreted as an inhibition of exciton formation at high doping levels. This interpretation is highlighted by an analysis of the temporal evolution of the DTR. The influence of the doping localization (in the well, in the barrier, or in the whole structure) is studied as well. Finally, an attractive way to maintain a constant value of the DTR with an ultrafast response time (2.6 ps) is proposed and demonstrated.
CAR T Cells Beyond Cancer: Hope for Immunomodulatory Therapy of Infectious Diseases (2019)

Infectious diseases are still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the progress in drug development, the occurrence of microbial resistance is still a significant concern. Alternative therapeutic strategies are required for non-responding or relapsing patients. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, providing a potential therapeutic option for patients who are unresponsive to standard treatments. Recently two CAR T cell therapies, Yescarta® (Kite Pharma/Gilead) and Kymriah® (Novartis) were approved by the FDA for the treatments of certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, respectively. The success of adoptive CAR T cell therapy for cancer has inspired researchers to develop CARs for the treatment of infectious diseases. Here, we review the main achievements in CAR T cell therapy targeting viral infections, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Human Cytomegalovirus, and opportunistic fungal infections such as invasive aspergillosis.
3D mobile interactions for public displays (2014)

Public displays are becoming common in public spaces like bus stops, movie theatres and work places. Getting and maintaining the user attention is one of the main struggles of public displays [Müller, et al, 2010]. Therefore there is a need to investigate public display interactions to propose interactions that can help engage users with the public display more. In this paper we choose to investigate collaboration as a way to improve user engagement with public displays based in previous results where creating a shared experience for an audience made the participants engaged with the activity [Scheible and Ojala, 2005]. We proposed the use of 3D user interfaces to give users tools to collaborate with other users, because controllers that allow for natural movements have the potential to offer greater affordances for social interaction [Lindley, et al, 2008]. In order to solve users privacy concerns we utilize mobile interactions, where a mobile screen can be used to display private and personalized information. In the proposed 3D mobile interaction we utilize the mobile device screen to augment 3D content on the public display utilizing an Augmented Reality (AR) tracking approach. We propose that having 3D content gives public displays a new layer of depth for collaboration between users. With this new layer users can create novel interactions where they not only consider the content on the public display but also the position of the users around it.