gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wheat Height Estimation Using LiDAR in Comparison to Ultrasonic Sensor and UAS (2018)

As one of the key crop traits, plant height is traditionally evaluated manually, which can be slow, laborious and prone to error. Rapid development of remote and proximal sensing technologies in recent years allows plant height to be estimated in more objective and efficient fashions, while research regarding direct comparisons between different height measurement methods seems to be lagging. In this study, a ground-based multi-sensor phenotyping system equipped with ultrasonic sensors and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) was developed. Canopy heights of 100 wheat plots were estimated five times during a season by the ground phenotyping system and an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), and the results were compared to manual measurements. Overall, LiDAR provided the best results, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.05 m and an R² of 0.97. UAS obtained reasonable results with an RMSE of 0.09 m and an R² of 0.91. Ultrasonic sensors did not perform well due to our static measurement style. In conclusion, we suggest LiDAR and UAS are reliable alternative methods for wheat height evaluation.
Review: Knowledge and Environmental Policy: Re-Imagining the Boundaries of Science and Politics (2012)

Review: Knowledge and Environmental Policy: Re-Imagining the Boundaries of Science and Politics By William Ascher, Toddi Steelman, and Robert Healy Reviewed by Peter C. Little Oregon State University, USA Ascher, William, Steelman, Toddi, and Healy, Robert. Knowledge and Environmental Policy: Re-Imagining the Boundaries of Science and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 2010. 280pp. ISBN 9780262514378. US $23.00, paperback.Knowledge and Environmental Policy continues the complex and variegated environmental policy discussion of the evidence-action interface and the contentious relationship between and politics. The authors, who maintain that they are antiscience relativists (p.5), are up front about their stance on the science-politics relationship: science is thoroughly embedded in social and political practices (p.5). Science, like other forms of they argue, is not simply an input into the policy process; it also changes in many different ways the governing processes associated with it, from the institutions of decision to the principles that these institutions employ in environmental policy and management (p.21).The book showcases how generation processes complicate environmental policy decisions that aim to be evidence-based decisions. The reason for this complication, according to the authors, is twofold. First, they contend that generation for environmental decision is rarely systematic (p.29). Second, and perhaps the greatest crux environmental policymakers face, is the fact that knowledge generation is a political or a process affected by the value systems of institutions, professions, and individuals (p.29).The politics of are what make up the active ingredient of the so-called of and politics, and the authors are optimistic in their view that such boundaries can and ought to be re-imagined to create progressive environmental policies for the 21st century. The book argues that Reimaging boundaries means being explicit about how biases influence the generated, transmitted, and used (p.163) to make environmental policy decisions. In other words, We need to raise awareness of the filters that come into play when moves from generation and transmission to use (p.163).Knowledge and Environmental Policy makes one key recommendation that provides a strong backbone for the book, which is the need for greater integration of local and public-preference into decision making (p. …
Multi-point Extended Reduced Order Modeling For Design Optimization and Uncertainty Analysis (2006)

For large computational models, standard deterministic optimization approaches can be prohibitively expensive due to the need to repeatedly evaluate the model. This difficulty is amplified when stochastic aspects of the model are included, such as in reliability based design optimization. This work seeks to alleviate the computational costs of analyzing dynamic systems through employing a surrogate model in place of the full model analysis. The surrogate model of interest is a reduced-order model (ROM), which employs a Galerkin projection of the system response using a computed set of basis functions in order to significantly reduce the number of degrees of freedom in the system. The ROM techniques presented will not only be able to approximate the response accurately at the nominal design, with a significant reduction in computation cost, but will also estimate the response due to a change in design or uncertain variable parameters. Two conceptual approaches will be explored: extended reduced order modeling (EROM) and spanning reduced order modeling (SROM). The difference between these methods is an EROM approximates an updated basis (eigenmodes, singular vectors) for each change in parameters while an SROM uses a single spanning basis for the full parameter space. Different techniques for the computation of the EROM and SROM bases are explored, and the best of these methods are incorporated into the optimization and stochastic analysis of a structural problem, demonstrating the benefit of ROMs.
Perforation sigmoïdienne avec emphysème sous-cutané au cours d’une coloscopie, son traitement conservateur (1984)

Les auteurs présentent une complication rare de coloscopie qui est survenue chez un patient de 75 ans. L’indication á l’examen était d’exclure une lésion néoplasique caecale et sigmoïdienne. Le sigmoide présentait une sévère diverticulose et fut perforé par le fibroscope dont l’extrémité était alors á l’angle droit. La perforation était extrapéritonéale et fut suivie d’un emphysème sous-cutané grave accompagné de troubles respiratoires. Une surveillance étroite fut nécessaire. Une nutrition entérale sans résidus et l’administration d’antibiotiques furent suffisants pour soigner la fistule borgne mesurant 8 × 1 × 1 cm. 6 ans plus tard le patient va bien sans complication.
The effect of protein impurities on lysozyme crystal growth (1998)

While bulk crystallization from impure solutions is used industrially as a purification step for a wide variety of materials, it is a technique that has rarely been used for proteins. Proteins have a reputation for being difficult to crystallize and high purity of the initial crystallization solution is considered paramount for success in the crystallization. Although little is written on the purifying capability of protein crystallization or of the effect of impurities on the various aspects of the crystallization process, recent published reports show that crystallization shows promise and feasibility as a purification technique for proteins. To further examine the issue of purity in macromolecule crystallization, this study investigates the effect of the protein impurities, avidin, ovalbumin, and conalbumin at concentrations up to 50%, on the solubility, crystal face growth rates, and crystal purity of the protein lysozyme. Solubility was measured in batch experiments while a computer controlled video microscope system was used to measure the ¿110¿ and ¿101¿ lysozyme crystal face growth rates. While little effect was observed on solubility and high crystal purity was obtained (>99.99%), the effect of the impurities on the face growth rates varied from no effect to a significant face specific effect leading to growth cessation, a phenomenon that is frequently observed in protein crystal growth. The results shed interesting light on the effect of protein impurities on protein crystal growth and strengthen the feasibility of using crystallization as a unit operation for protein purification.
Detecting Phishing Websites through Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Phishing is the simplest form of cybercrime with the objective of baiting people into giving away delicate information such as individually recognizable data, banking and credit card details, orev encredentials and pass words. This type of simple yet most effective cyber-attack is usually launched through emails, phone calls, or instant messages. The credential or private data stolen are then used to get access to critical records of the victims and can result in extensive fraud and monetary loss. Hence, sending malicious messages to victims is a stepping stone of the phishing procedure. A phisher usually setups a deceptive website, where the victims are conned into entering credentials and sensitive information. It is therefore important to detect these types of malicious websites before causing any harmful damages to victims. Inspired by the evolving nature of the phishing websites, this paper introduces a novel approach based on deep reinforcement learning to model and detect malicious URLs. The proposed model is capable of adapting to the dynamic behavior of the phishing websites and thus learn the features associated with phishing website detection.
Passwords you'll never forget, but can't recall (2004)

We identify a wide range of human memory phenomena as potential certificates of identity. These "imprinting" behaviors are characterized by vast capacity for complex experiences, which can be recognized without apparent effort and yet cannot be transferred to others. They are suitable for use in near zero-knowledge protocols, which minimize the amount of secret information exposed to prying eyes while identifying an individual. We sketch several examples of such phenomena[1-3], and apply them in secure certification protocols. This provides a novel approach to human-computer interfaces, and raises new questions in several classic areas of psychology.
Electrically conducting polyaniline-poly(acrylic acid) blends (1998)

We report an electrically conducting polyaniline–poly(acrylic acid) blend coatings prepared by mixing the emeraldine base (EB) form of polyaniline (PANI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) aqueous solution. The samples show a moderate electrical conductivity σ. If they are immersed in an HCl aqueous solution, the conductivity of the samples is increased by two or three orders of magnitude and their thermal stability is also improved. Optical transmittance spectra show a complete protonation of PANI–PAA blends after immersion in HCl aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies indicate that the better thermal stability of σ could come from the more stable protonated imine nitrogen ions. A low percolation threshold phenomenon is observed in PANI–PAA blends, from a strong interaction between the carboxylic acid groups of PAA and the nitrogen atoms of PANI. © 1998 SCI.
Multiple-Shot Ultraviolet Laser Damage Resistance of Nonquarterwave Reflector Designs for 248 nm (1983)

The damage resistance of multilayer dielectric reflectors designed for 248 nm has been substantially increased by use of nonquarterwave (QW) thicknesses for the top few layers. These designs minimize the peak standing-wave electric field in the high-index layers, which have proven to be weaker than the low-index components. Previous damage tests of infrared- and visible-wavelength reflectors based on these designs have produced variable results. However, at the ultraviolet wavelength of 248 nm, 99% reflectors of Sc2O3, MgF2, and SiO2 strongly demonstrated the merit of non-QW designs. Four sets of reflectors of each of four designs (all QW thickness; one modified-pair substitution; two modified-pair substitution; one modified pair plus an extra half-wave layer of Sc2O3) were tested for damage resistance with a KrF laser operating at 35 pps with a pulsewidth of 8 ns and spot-size diameter of 0.6 mm. Each of 50 sites were irradiated for 1000 shots or until damage occurred. On the average, the reflectors with one-modified-thickness pair had a 50% higher threshold (10 of 10 sites survived) than the all-quarterwave design. Addition of a second modified-layer pair resulted in no further increase in threshold but the saturation fluence (10 of 10 sites damage) was 110% higher. Reflectors with an additional half-wave of Sc2O3 had lower thresholds of the order of 10% as expected. The thresholds correlated best with the peak-field model, whereas the best model correlating the saturation fluences involved the sum of the upper two scandia layer thicknesses.
Elementos constituintes da identidade de enfermeiro no discurso de graduandos (2008)

A identidade e quase sempre concebida atraves da eleicao de uma serie de atributos que qualificam o que deve ser considerado verdadeiramente proprio; busca suprir carencias que impediriam o sujeito de ocupar o lugar de agente de construcao de seu proprio destino. Teve-se como objetivo apreender a identidade de enfermeiro construida por um grupo de estudantes de Graduacao em Enfermagem. A metodologia de pesquisa empregada e a qualitativa. O “cuidar” e predominante nos discursos dos alunos quando questionados sobre o que significa ser enfermeiro. Entretanto, poucos foram os que procuraram definir o que seria este cuidar. A partir do discurso dos alunos, verificou-se que ser enfermeiro esta muito relacionado ao “fazer”, por mais que estes afirmassem o aspecto intelectual do trabalho. Outra questao discutida neste estudo e o fato de os alunos nao mencionarem a influencia docente na construcao de sua percepcao do enfermeiro.
Preparation and physical characterization of strongly swellable oligo(oxyethylene) lignin hydrogels (2011)

Abstract Highly swellable, mechanically stable hydrogels were obtained by cross-linking different technical lignins with poly(ethylene) glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE). The gelation time and the properties of the products can be controlled by the extent of pre-oxidation and the cross-linking conditions, namely the dynamic viscosity η*, storage and loss modulus (G′; G″), and loss factor tan δ. The highest free swelling capacities (FSC) of up to 50 g water per g xerogel were obtained from pre-oxidized pine kraft lignin Indulin ® AT and spruce organosolv lignin. Dynamic rheological measurements confirmed the typical rheological behaviour of gel structures, i.e. a linear decrease of dynamic viscosity about three orders of magnitude within a frequency range of 0.08 and 20 s -1 . The results furthermore revealed a good mechanical sturdiness of the cross-linked lignin hydrogels. Sandy soils supplemented with small quantities of the hydrogels were found to feature a significantly increased plant-available water content. Based on the observed effects, oligo(oxyethylene) lignins are promising materials with respect to a prolonged water retention in soils.
Using erase self-detrapped effect to eliminate the flash cell program/erase cycling V/sub th/ window close (2003)

The electrons and holes trapped in the tunneling oxide and interface states generated in the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface during program/erase (P/E) operations are known to cause reliability problems which can deteriorate the cell performance and cause V/sub th/ window closure. This deterioration is caused by the accumulation of electrons trapped in the oxide near the drain side after each P/E cycle. Although the trapped charges exist in the oxide layer during the erase operation, we find that these charges exist temporarily because the erase field eventually detraps the charges. We call this effect the erase self-detrapped effect (ESDE). In this paper, the influence of the ESDE on the cell degradation characteristics after P/E cycles is first studied. We then propose two new erase schemes to improve the cell's endurance characteristics: (1) adding a channel erase cycle after the negative-gate erase (NGE) operation; (2) adding a channel erase cycle after the source erase (SE) operation. These two erase schemes have been implemented and shown to significantly reduce the V/sub th/ window closure problem.
Validating complex computer system availability models (1990)

The authors report on experiences in validating complex computer-system availability models. A validation process, the availability models, and the data-collection process are described. An iteration of the model validation process emphasizing discrepancies between observed system behavior from data and from the model assumptions is presented. Analysis of data from five sites revealed that interruption dependencies on a device and across devices within a system exist. Furthermore, the frequency of, dependencies between, and downtime of device interruptions constitute differentiating characteristics of the causes of device interruptions. Data on partially available machine states, nonexponentially distributed machine downtimes, and nonstationarity of the machine interruption process are included. Validating the model assumptions is essential to model interpretation. Model accuracy is assessed. Exponentially distributed times between interruptions on a device and exponentially distributed device downtimes are not significant with respect to average measures of availability. The benefits of and issues for availability-model validation are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Demonstration of Stealthy and Encrypted Optical Transmission Below Adjacent 50 GHz DWDM Channels (2020)

A stealthy and encrypted transmission is demonstrated in a dense-WDM network. The residual gap between two neighboring commercial channels is utilized for the transmission of the secured channel, hidden below the amplifier noise at negative -10 dB/0.1nm OSNR. The stealthy and encrypted channel is generated by a digital replication of the baseband signal together with a digital spectral phase mask. This technique provides encryption and steganography as it exclusively allows the eligible user to obtain a considerable processing-gain, and to recover extremely low OSNR signals. In this work the secured channel is explored under stringent network conditions. A stealth transmission was tested between two high OSNR public channels, separated 50 GHz apart: Unshaped 25 Gbps NRZ channel and digitally shaped coherent PM-QPSK 112 Gbps channel. Although it is significantly overlapped by adjacent channels and covered by the ASE noise, we demonstrate error-free detection of the secured channel, without significant effect on the commercial channels.
Potential Role of Decoy B7-H4 in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Mouse Model Informed by Clinical Data (2009)

Our findings in mice indicate that sH4 acts as a decoy molecule to block the inhibitory functions of cell-surface B7-H4, leading to exacerbation of collagen-induced arthritis. If the preliminary correlation between sH4 levels and disease activity in patients with RA can be confirmed to reflect a similar mechanism, these findings suggest a novel target for treatment approaches. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
<b>Electrophilic Addition to Olefins. I. The Stereochemistry of Addition of Deuterium Halides to Acenaphthylene</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophilic Addition to Olefins. I. The Stereochemistry of Addition of Deuterium Halides to AcenaphthyleneMichael J. S. Dewar and Robert C. FaheyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 15, 2245–2248Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00898a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00898a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fate of transforming DNA in pathogenic fungi. (1998)

Genetic engineering is an important tool in helping us to define the molecular basis of pathogenicity and is also useful in helping us to identify new therapeutic targets in pathogenic fungi. Molecular genetic manipulation of micro-organisms requires the development of plasmid-mediated transformation systems that include: (i) infusion of exogenous DNA into recipient cells, (ii) expression of genes present on the incoming DNA, and (iii) stable maintenance and replication of the inserted DNA leading to expression of the desired phenotypic trait. Transformation systems have been developed for only a handful of fungi that are pathogenic to humans including several species of Candida, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces derrmatitidis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Wangiella dermatitidis (Exophiala dermatitidis) and Coccidioides immitis. Except for Candida species and A. fumigatus, where passage of exogenous DNA into recipient cells has been achieved readily using methods developed for transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans, respectively, development of transformation systems in other pathogenic fungi has been delayed considerably and has only been possible recently with the introduction of electroporation and biolistic methods. Conventional spheroplasting methods or cell wall permeabilization methods using lithium acetate have not been successful for transformation of C. neoformans and work with only low efficiency in H. capsulatum. The fate of incoming DNA varies greatly in these pathogenic species regardless of their phylogenetic relationships. Understanding the fate of incoming DNA is critical for the construction of transforming vectors and the molecular manipulation of the organisms. In this symposium, recent advances in molecular genetic systems including transformation systems, the fate of incoming DNA and strategies for targeted integration are discussed in relation to four pathogenic fungi.