gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological significance of <i>stanniocalcin 2</i> gene expression in colorectal cancer (2009)

Laser microdissection (LMD) and microarray were used to identify genes associated with colorectal cancer. Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) expression and clinicopathological significance in 139 clinical colorectal cancer samples were specifically investigated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A number of genes upregulated in colorectal cancer cells compared to normal colorectal epithelial cells were identified including STC2. STC2 gene expression in cancer tissue was higher than in corresponding normal colorectal epithelial tissue in 124 of 139 cases (89.2%, p < 0.01). Tumors with high STC2 expression showed higher frequencies of lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, tumor depth, tumor size and AJCC Stage classification (p < 0.01). Patients with high STC2 expression also showed significantly worse overall survival rates than those with low STC2 expression (p < 0.01). Furthermore, STC2 gene appeared to be associated with colorectal cancer progression and may be a useful prognostic indicator for colorectal cancer.
Catalogue des Monuments votifs du Musée d'Adalia. By H. Metzger. Paris: de Boccard, 1952. 68 pp., 12 pll. and a map. Price not stated. (1954)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
<title>Comparative study of nonintrusive traffic monitoring sensors</title> (1995)

Traffic data collection studies and management systems require accurate and cost-effective sensors for roadway volume, vehicle speed, and vehicle type classification. In this study, we compare the performance of inexpensive and non-intrusive sensing using video cameras, passive acoustic microphone arrays, active ultrasonic acoustic ranging and Doppler sensors, Doppler radar, and passive infrared sensors in these applications. Using data taken on a highway near Boston, Mass. the various sensor types are coupled with appropriate signal processing for counting, speed estimation, and vehicle type classification. Emphasis is placed on understanding the fundamental limitations of each sensor type, and an interactive system for ground-truth database construction and comparison with the detected outputs and intermediate signal processor products is described. This system is essential for understanding the reasons for the observed performance.
Energy scaling of nanosecond gain-switched Cr<sup>2+</sup>:ZnSe lasers (2011)

In this paper, we report record nanosecond output energies of gain-switched Cr:ZnSe lasers pumped by Q-switched Cr:Tm:Ho:YAG (100 ns @ 2.096 μm) and Raman shifted Nd:YAG lasers (7 ns @ 1.906 μm). In these experiments we used Brewster cut Cr:ZnSe gain elements with a chromium concentration of 8x10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. Under Cr:Tm:Ho:YAG pumping, the first Cr:ZnSe laser demonstrated 3.1 mJ of output energy, 52% slope efficiency and 110 nm linewidth centered at a wavelength of 2.47 μm. Maximum output energy of the second Cr:ZnSe laser reached 10.1 mJ under H<sub>2</sub> Raman shifted Nd:YAG laser pumping. The slope efficiency estimated from the input-output data was 47%.
Effect of increased antidepressant prescribing on suicide rate in Northern Ireland (1999)

Aims and method To investigate whether changes in antidepressant prescribing have been associated with alteration in suicide rate for the period 1989–1996 in Northern Ireland. Data for antidepressant prescribing were obtained from a central unit, for Northern Ireland, using the defined daily dose system for each of the above years. The number of recorded cases of suicide and undetermined death were also obtained for this period, from Northern Ireland coroners. Results There was no evidence of an association between suicide rate and antidepressant prescription ( r 2 =0.019, F test=0.115, P =0.74), despite antidepressant use more than tripling over the study period. Clinical implications Even substantial increases in detection and treatment of depressive Illness may not impinge on suicide rate. It Is also possible that suicide rate may be a very poor marker of the benefits of antidepressant treatment.
Phase Behavior, Structure, and Properties of Model Block Polymers (1993)

This project brought together three distinct experimental methods in an integrated investigation of the phase behavior, structure and properties of block copolymers in the vicinity of the order-disorder transition. Anionic polymerization of polydiene diblock copolymers followed by catalytic hydrogenation was used to produce three classes of model saturated hydrocarbon materials. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and large amplitude dynamic shearing were employed to probe and manipulate, respectively, the melt state microstructure. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments provided detailed information regarding the structure of the materials. A significant achievement during this work was the development of a dynamic shearing device that could be operated in situ with a SANS instrument. Together with the spectrum of materials produced, this combined scattering-rheology technique has led to a qualitative improvement in our understanding of block copolymer phase behavior, and uncovered a rich polymorphism that is accompanied by dramatic variations in physical properties. Two new parameters have been shown to play a crucial role in determining block copolymer phase behavior. The degree of polymerization, controls the extent of composition fluctuations which strongly affects the types of phases encountered near the order-disorder transition. Conformational asymmetry, which is controlled by the block volume and radius of gyration, leads to different phases on either side of the phase diagram. These effects have not been accounted for theoretically.
Integrated Wellbore/Reservoir Dynamic Simulation (2007)

Abstract A comprehensive dynamic wellbore/reservoir flow model is successfully built by implicitly coupling a wellbore flow model with a near-wellbore reservoir model. The integrated model can be used to simulate various well flow transients that are subject to wellbore/reservoir dynamic interactions. In order to evaluate its performance, several hypothetic cases, such as well shut-in/start-up, heading, coning, and crossflow, are simulated. Comparison is made between the integrated approach and the conventional IPR approach, and the advantage of using the integrated model is justified. With given completion details and early-time reservoir data, the integrated model is then used to simulate a pressure buildup and drawdown test of an appraisal gas well. The simulation results show that the model can easily and accurately match the well testing data only by tuning the skin factor, which indicates the integrated model is suitable for optimizing well testing design, assisting well testing interpretation, and estimating the BHP where downhole measurements are not cost-effective and reliable.
HIGH INTENSITY LINAC DRIVER FOR THE SPIRAL-2 PROJECT : DESIGN OF SUPERCONDUCTING 88 MHZ QUARTER WAVE RESONATORS (BETA 0.12), POWER COUPLERS AND CRYOMODULES (2004)

A superconducting linac driver, delivering deuterons with an energy up to 40 MeV (5 mA) and heavy ions with an energy of 14.5 MeV/u (1 mA), is proposed for the Spiral-2 radioactive beams facility. For the high-energy section of the linac, a superconducting 88 MHz Quarter Wave Resonator (beta 0.12) has been designed and the optimisation of RF and mechanical performances will be presented. Based on the present state-of-art of the superconducting RF technology, maximum electric surface fields of 40 MV/m and magnetic surface fields of 80 mT have been adopted, which should allow to reach an accelerating field of 7 MV/m (energy gain 3 MeV per resonator). A first complete prototype is under construction. The high intensity deuteron beam specifications have imposed the design of an original power coupler (maximum power 20 kW). The RF, mechanical, and thermal characteristics will be presented. The design of the cryomodule for this high-energy section, integrating two QWR with its associated equipments (couplers, tuners, helium tanks), is presented.
Multidisciplinary Challenges in an Integrated Emergency Management Approach (2012)

Track Planning and Foresight - Work in Progress (Short Paper) - ISBN: 978-0-86491-332-6
An Empirical Evaluation of Supervised Learning for ROC Area. (2004)

We present an empirical comparison of the AUC performance of seven supervised learning methods: SVMs, neural nets, decision trees, k-nearest neighbor, bagged trees, boosted trees, and boosted stumps. Overall, boosted trees have the best average AUC performance, followed by bagged trees, neural nets and SVMs. We then present an ensemble selection method that yields even better AUC. Ensembles are built with forward stepwise selection, the model that maximizes ensemble AUC performance being added at each step. The proposed method builds ensembles that outperform the best individual model on all the seven test problems.
Task oriented area partitioning and allocation for optimal operation of multiple industrial robots in unstructured environments (2014)

When multiple industrial robots are deployed in field applications such as grit blasting and spray painting of steel bridges, the environments are unstructured for robot operation and the robot positions may not be arranged accurately. Coordination of these multiple robots to maximize productivity through area partitioning and allocation is crucial. This paper presents a novel approach to area partitioning and allocation by utilizing multiobjective optimization and voronoi partitioning. Multiobjective optimization is used to minimize: (1) completion time, (2) proximity of the allocated area to the robot, and (3) the torque experienced by each joint of the robot during task execution. Seed points of the voronoi graph for voronoi partitioning are designed to be the design variables of the multiobjective optimization algorithm. Results of three different simulation scenarios are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the advantage of incorporating robots' torque capacity.
Cytotoxicity testing of poly(anhydride‐<i>co</i>‐imides) for orthopedic applications (1995)

The cytotoxicity of a series of poly(anhydride-co-imides) with osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) was evaluated. The imide component of the copolymers was based on trimellitylimidoglycine (TMA-gly), and the anhydride component was based on either sebacic acid (SA) or 1,6-bis(carboxyphenoxy)hexane (CPH). Cell adhesion and proliferation on surfaces of the polymer discs were observed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). During the first 24 h of attachment, cells showed normal morphology when cultured on the various copolymers of CPH. Concurrently, the effects of polymer breakdown products on osteoblast-like cells were evaluated by studying their proliferation (cell numbers), viability (dye exclusion), and morphology (light microscopy). Cell cultures in the presence of these breakdown products resulted in normal morphologies and reached confluency after 7 days. This initial in vitro evaluation with osteoblast-like cells suggests that the poly(anhydride-co-imides) may be viable carriers for osteoblasts.
Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes Through Organometallic Reduction and Electrophilic Attack (2007)

Organometallic reagents such as butyllithium are known to covalently functionalize the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes. The function grafted corresponds to the organic part of the alkali compound, while one negative charge is transferred to the nanotube for each function. Carbon nanotubes reduced by organolithium compounds were used here as nucleophilic reactive species through these transferred and delocalized charges. Various halogenated electrophiles in excess were reacted with them in anhydrous conditions. The grafting of the corresponding chemical function onto the carbon nanotubes through a Lewis metathetic exchange reaction was demonstrated by chemical, thermal, and spectroscopic analyses. This synthetic route applied successfully to both single-walled and multi-walled nanotubes and to a series of electrophiles. The extent of functionalization was found to depend on stoechiometries used, although a direct correlation could not be obtained.
Time and space, space and time (2012)

Only the rich can afford to live as though they have nothing. Where being rich was once about the indiscreet accrual of objects proudly displayed as trophies, good taste dictates that wealth now disappears from view.
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Alter the Spatiotemporal Organization of Ras Proteins on the Plasma Membrane (2012)

Ras proteins on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane signal from transient nanoscale proteolipid assemblies called nanoclusters. Interactions between the Ras lipid anchors and plasma membrane phospholipids, cholesterol, and actin cytoskeleton contribute to the formation, stability, and dynamics of Ras nanoclusters. Many small biological molecules are amphiphilic and capable of intercalating into membranes and altering lipid immiscibility. In this study we systematically examined whether amphiphiles such as indomethacin influence Ras protein nanoclustering in intact plasma membrane. We found that indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, induced profound and complex effects on Ras spatial organization, all likely related to liquid-ordered domain stabilization. Indomethacin enhanced the clustering of H-Ras.GDP and N-Ras.GTP in cholesterol-dependent nanoclusters. Indomethacin also abrogated efficient GTP-dependent lateral segregation of H- and N-Ras between cholesterol-dependent and cholesterol-independent clusters, resulting in mixed heterotypic clusters of Ras proteins that normally are separated spatially. These heterotypic Ras nanoclusters showed impaired Raf recruitment and kinase activation resulting in significantly compromised MAPK signaling. All of the amphiphilic anti-inflammatory agents we tested had similar effects on Ras nanoclustering and signaling. The potency of these effects correlated with the membrane partition coefficients of the individual agents and was independent of COX inhibition. This study shows that biological amphiphiles have wide-ranging effects on plasma membrane heterogeneity and protein nanoclustering, revealing a novel mechanism of drug action that has important consequences for cell signaling.
Enhancing network security by preventing user-initiated malware execution (2005)

Although organizations have invested significant resources in security hardware, software and training to implement a strategy known as "defense in depth", the attacks they experience are increasing in number, sophistication and cost of recovery and litigation. One difficult class of attack to defend against is user-initiated malicious software (malware) execution. User-initiated malware penetrates the security perimeter with assistance provided, either intentionally or unintentionally, by and enterprise's end users. These users assist the attacker by downloading malware from a Web site, invoking malware arriving as e-mail attachments and introducing malware inside the perimeter via the unauthorized use of foreign media, e.g., floppy disks, CD-ROMs, or unauthorized media devices, e.g., USB drives, or unauthorized wireless networking hardware. In this paper, we describe characteristics of the most widely used defense techniques for the blocking of user-initiated malware and why these techniques are insufficient. We then introduce a module verification strategy that eliminates, or at least severely reduce, this problem by extending the classic "defense in depth" network security strategy. We then describe how the augmentation of a standard operating system loader to include references to a database of cryptographic hashes of module executables can be used to implement this strategy. Finally, we describe our efforts towards the creation of a prototype system that implements the module verification strategy.
The crystal structure of 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-isopropylbiguanide hydrochloride (“paludrine”) (1967)

The crystal structure of 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-isopropylbiguanide hydrochloride has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffraction measurements. A total of 1882 structure amplitudes was used in the refinement, resulting in R= 6·6% and standard deviations of ca. 0·005 Å in the atomic co-ordinates. The organic cation is roughly U-shaped, and the chloride anion is co-ordinated to six nitrogen atoms at a mean distance of 3·270 Å. The biguanide part of the cation consists of two planes of atoms each containing a CN3 group; the planes intersect at 58·9° and the mean C–N length is 1·328 Å. Crystal data for a number of related compounds have also been determined.
Na <sup>+</sup> /Ca <sup>2+</sup> Exchanger is a Determinant of Excitation–Contraction Coupling in Human Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Ventricular Cardiomyocytes (2009)

In adult cardiomyocytes (CMs), the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) is a well-defined determinant of Ca(2+) homeostasis. Developmentally, global NCX knockout in mice leads to abnormal myofibrillar organization, electrical defects, and early embryonic death. Little is known about the expression and function of NCX in human heart development. Self-renewable, pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can serve as an excellent experimental model. However, hESC-derived CMs are highly heterogeneous. A stably lentivirus-transduced hESC line (MLC2v-dsRed) was generated to express dsRed under the transcriptional control of the ventricular-restricted myosin light chain-2v (MLC2v) promoter. Electrophysiologically, dsRed+ cells differentiated from MLC2vdsRed hESCs displayed ventricular action potentials (AP), exclusively. Neither atrial nor pacemaker APs were observed. While I(Ca-L), I(f), and I(Kr) were robustly expressed, I(Ks) and I(K1) were absent in dsRed+ ventricular hESCCMs. Upon differentiation (7+40 to +90 days), the basal [Ca(2+)](i), Ca(2+) transient amplitude, maximum upstroke, and decay velocities significantly increased (P < 0.05). The I(Ca-L) antagonizer nifedipine (1 microM) decreased the Ca(2+) transient amplitude (to approximately 30%) and slowed the kinetics (by approximately 2-fold), but Ca(2+) transients could still be elicited even after complete ICa-L blockade, suggesting the presence of additional Ca(2+) influx(es). Indeed, Ni(2+)-sensitive INCX could be recorded in 7+40- and +90-day dsRed+ hESC-CMs, and its densities increased from -1.2 +/- 0.6 pA/pF at -120 mV and 3.6 +/- 1.0 pA/pF at 60 mV by 6- and 2-folds, respectively. With higher [Ca(2+)](i), 7+90-day ventricular hESC-CMs spontaneously but irregularly fired transients upon a single stimulus under an external Na(+)-free condition; however, without extracellular Na(+), nifedipine could completely inhibit Ca(2+) transients. We conclude that I(NCX) is functionally expressed in developing ventricular hESC-CMs and contributes to their excitation-contraction coupling.
Controlled Release of Pesticides into Water from Clay−Polymer Formulations (1998)

The release of alachlor and atrazine into aqueous solution from controlled-release formulations (CRFs) prepared from alginate and pectin, with and without the addition of clay minerals, was studied. The rate of release of the incorporated herbicides was a function of both the properties of the herbicide and the composition of the CRF. The rate of release of herbicides was related their aqueous solubility; the greater the solubility of a compound, the more rapid its release from a CRF. The rate of release of the chemicals from pectin-based CRFs was generally greater than from alginate-based CRFs. This seems to be related to the relatively large number of methoxy groups in the pectin, which hinders the gelation process and results in a more porous matrix than in the case of alginate. The addition of sodium montmorillonite to these CRFs was found to have a profound inhibitory effect on the release of alachlor. This was attributed to the sorption of the herbicide to the clay mineral. Other clays generally had little or no effect on the rate of release of the active ingredient. Bead radius was observed to have a profound effect on release rates; the smaller the radius, the greater the release rate. Release rates conformed to the Higuchi equation for a diffusion controlled release mechanism from a porous polymer in which the active ingredient is present in excess of its solubility. Keywords: Controlled release; alachlor; atrazine; herbicides; clay; alginate; pectin; diffusion
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION BY SPECTROSCOPY AND X‐RAY STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF PALLADIUM COMPLEXES CONTAINING THE 1‐3‐η‐1,2‐DI‐TERT‐BUTYL‐3‐METHYL‐4‐METHYLENECYCLOBUTENYL LIGAND (1982)

Abstract Der dimere Pd‐Komplex (I) reagiert mit Basen‐unter HCl‐Eliminierung zu dem Komplex (IIa), in dem die Chloridbrücken durch Metathesereaktionen unter Bildung von (IIb) austauschbar sind.
Using human in vitro transcriptome analysis to build trustworthy machine learning models for prediction of animal drug toxicity (2020)

During the development of new drugs or compounds there is a requirement for preclinical trials, commonly involving animal tests, to ascertain the safety of the compound prior to human trials. Machine learning techniques could provide an in-silico alternative to animal models for assessing drug toxicity, thus reducing expensive and invasive animal testing during clinical trials, for drugs that are most likely to fail safety tests. Here we present a machine learning model to predict kidney dysfunction, as a proxy for drug induced renal toxicity, in rats. To achieve this, we use inexpensive transcriptomic profiles derived from human cell lines after chemical compound treatment to train our models combined with compound chemical structure information. Genomics data due to its sparse, high-dimensional and noisy nature presents significant challenges in building trustworthy and transparent machine learning models. Here we address these issues by judiciously building feature sets from heterogenous sources and coupling them with measures of model uncertainty achieved through Gaussian Process based Bayesian models. We combine the use of insight into the feature-wise contributions to our predictions with the use of predictive uncertainties recovered from the Gaussian Process to improve the transparency and trustworthiness of the model.
Antitumor Effects of a Novel Phenylbutyrate-Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, (<i>S</i>)-HDAC-42, in Prostate Cancer (2006)

(S)-HDAC-42 is a potent orally bioavailable inhibitor of HDAC, as well as targets regulating multiple aspects of cancer cell survival, which might have clinical value in prostate cancer chemotherapy and warrants further investigation in this regard.