gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying and Describing the Network of Health, Education, and Social Service Non-Profit Organizations in Southern Nevada (2013)

Many of the economic, social, and demographic issues facing southern Nevada are dynamic and interrelated, requiring a coordinated approach on the part of southern Nevada’s non‐profit community. The coordination of services, skills, and talents enables community needs to be addressed in ways that exceed the scope and capacity of any single organization. With the increasing desire of funding organizations to support collaborative efforts, maintaining sustainable connections between southern Nevada’s non‐profit organizations is needed now more than ever before.\nThis is the first comprehensive study of southern Nevada’s health, education, and social service non‐profit network. Via a web‐based survey of nearly 300 executive directors and other leaders of health, education, and social service related non‐profit organizations, we were able to conduct a social network analysis to identify the structure of the non‐profit network as well as the positions of individual organizations within that network. We found that southern Nevada’s non‐profit network is not very dense, but that this is partly because of the vast size of the network (460 organizations were identified). The largest organizations are well connected, but there are opportunities for developing more connections across organizations of all sizes and sectors. Our findings show that the average organization is connected with 10 other non‐profit organizations in southern Nevada, but there are also a number of isolates (i.e., completely disconnected organizations).\nIn terms of overall participation and activity, influence, access to information and resources, and ability to mobilize the non‐profit community, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), United Way of Southern Nevada (UWSN), HELP of Southern Nevada, Catholic Charities, Three Square, the Clark County School District, Goodwill of Southern Nevada, and Opportunity Village consistently ranked highly. However, there were also a number of smaller organizations that we found to be important brokers and connectors, and these organizations can be used as models for helping to build the capacity of lower‐budget and lesser‐resourced organizations in the community.\nWhen asked about barriers to collaboration, survey respondents indicated lack of funding and resources, perceptions of territoriality and competition, the need for training, concern about lack of data availability and usage, the desire for more networking opportunities, and critiques of leadership. However, respondents’ comments also reflected hope and promise for the future of the non‐profit community in southern Nevada. Based upon our findings, we have provided some suggestions for building sustainable inter‐organizational collaborations at the end of this report.
Towards Emotion Detection in Educational Scenarios from Facial Expressions and Body Movements through Multimodal Approaches (2014)

We report current findings when considering video recordings of facial expressions and body movements to provide affective personalized support in an educational context from an enriched multimodal emotion detection approach. In particular, we describe an annotation methodology to tag facial expression and body movements that conform to changes in the affective states of learners while dealing with cognitive tasks in a learning process. The ultimate goal is to combine these annotations with additional affective information collected during experimental learning sessions from different sources such as qualitative, self-reported, physiological, and behavioral information. These data altogether are to train data mining algorithms that serve to automatically identify changes in the learners' affective states when dealing with cognitive tasks which help to provide emotional personalized support.
<title>Field measurements with 1574-nm imaging and scannerless eye-safe laser radar</title> (2001)

The development of eye-safe, imaging, scannerless laser radar systems based on gated viewing with a range of some hundred meters is difficult due to the lack of fast switchable and sufficiently sensitive detectors for NIR wavelengths. Nevertheless, one basic approach is to gate an InGaAs-FPA-camera with an electro-optical modulator (EOM) in the range of about 30ns to achieve a sufficiently high resolution of depth. In this paper, we present field measurements of a system with a Nd:YAG-OPO laser of 1574nm wavelength, 7ns pulse length, 25Hz pulse frequency, and 80mJ pulse energy. Because of the special optical behavior of the EOM in conjunction with an adapted lens design and a resolution of a 128 by 128 pixel FPA the main interest is object detection, which leads to imaging with improved system performance. The experimental data will be compared with the theoretical performance model and a second system (at a wavelength of 532nm), concerning imaging under certain weather conditions. Based on the current system design we discuss problems of contrast modulation and speckle effects leading to an outlook for improvements of the system design.
Real-time targeted molecular imaging using singular value spectra properties to isolate the adherent microbubble signal (2012)

Ultrasound-based real-time molecular imaging in large blood vessels holds promise for early detection and diagnosis of various important and significant diseases, such as stroke, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Central to the success of this imaging technique is the isolation of ligand-receptor bound adherent microbubbles from free microbubbles and tissue structures. In this paper, we present a new approach, termed singular spectrum-based targeted molecular (SiSTM) imaging, which separates signal components using singular value spectra content over local regions of complex echo data. Simulations were performed to illustrate the effects of acoustic target motion and harmonic energy on SiSTM imaging-derived measurements of statistical dimensionality. In vitro flow phantom experiments were performed under physiologically realistic conditions (2.7 cm s⁻¹ flow velocity and 4 mm diameter) with targeted and non-targeted phantom channels. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the relative motion and harmonic characteristics of adherent microbubbles (i.e. low motion and large harmonics) yields echo data with a dimensionality that is distinct from free microbubbles (i.e. large motion and large harmonics) and tissue (i.e. low motion and low harmonics). Experimental SiSTM images produced the expected trend of a greater adherent microbubble signal in targeted versus non-targeted microbubble experiments (P < 0.05, n = 4). The location of adherent microbubbles was qualitatively confirmed via optical imaging of the fluorescent DiI signal along the phantom channel walls after SiSTM imaging. In comparison with two frequency-based real-time molecular imaging strategies, SiSTM imaging provided significantly higher image contrast (P < 0.001, n = 4) and a larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (P < 0.05, n = 4).
[Effects of huperzine A on learning and the retrieval process of discrimination performance in rats]. (1986)

Huperzine A (Hup), a new alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trev., has powerful and reversible anticholinesterase activity.
Rats were placed on an electrified grid in a Y-maze and learned to run into the light arm (safte area). The criterion of learning or retrieval was met after they had chosen the light arm 10 trials in succession. Hup injected intraperitoneally with100, 167 microg/kg 20 min before training caused a significant decrease in the number of trials to criterion. Facilitation of retrieval was also produced dose-dependently at doses of 36-167 microg/kg ip. Scopolamine 0.2 mg/kg sc, atropine 5 mg/kg sc or hemicholinium 20 microg/10 microL icv antagonized the positive effects of Hup 0.1 mg/kg on retrieval process, but methyl-atropine (2 mg/kg sc) did not. Under the same conditions, physostigmine at doses of 80-180 microg/kg ip improved learning and retrieval process, but quaternary cholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine (30 microg/kg, ip) did not.
Our results suggested that the facilitation actions of Hup were due to an effect on the central cholinergic system, especially the muscarinic system, since M-receptor blockers reversed the actions of Hup, but their quaternary nitrogen derivative methyl-atropine, which did not pass the blood-brain barrier, was inactive.
Besides, the preliminary clinical studies showed that Hup, the first nootropic compound in China, did improve shorter and long-term memory in patients of cerebral arteriosclerosis with memory impairment.
Activated monomer mechanism in the cationic polymerization of cyclic ethers (1988)

Abstract Cationic polymerization of oxiranes proceeds in the presence of hydroxyl groups containing compounds by activated monomer (AM) mechanism, competing with active chain end (ACE) mechanism. According to the AM mechanism, propagation involves reaction of activated (e.g. protonated) monomer molecules with nucleophilic sites in the growing macromolecules. Active species are located on the monomer, and growing macromolecule is neutral; thus side‐reactions, typical for active chain‐ end mechanism, are suppressed. In the polymerization of ethylene oxide (EO) ether oxygen atoms along the chain are more exposed to the attack than in the polymers of substituted oxiranes and also react with protonated monomer. The contribution of these reactions, in comparison with propagation involving hydroxyl end groups, is analysed. The participation of the polymer units is highly restrained for chains with bulky substituents. In the AM polymerization of propylene oxide (PO) and epichlorohydrin (ECH), chain growth proceeds predominantly on the terminal hydroxyl groups. Syntheses of telechelic oligomers and macromonomers, applying the AM mechanism with protonated monomers, are described.
Measurement of Thermal Properties (1961)

The purpose of this investigation has been to measure the thermal Conductivity, specific heat, and linear coefficient of thermal expansion of particular materials.
Multimodal learning analytics (2013)

New high-frequency data collection technologies and machine learning analysis techniques could offer new insights into learning, especially in tasks in which students have ample space to generate unique, personalized artifacts, such as a computer program, a robot, or a solution to an engineering challenge. To date most of the work on learning analytics and educational data mining has focused on online courses or cognitive tutors, in which the tasks are more structured and the entirety of interaction happens in front of a computer. In this paper, I argue that multimodal learning analytics could offer new insights into students' learning trajectories, and present several examples of this work and its educational application.
Engineering Oncolytic Measles Virus to Circumvent the Intracellular Innate Immune Response (2007)

The innate antiviral responses of tumor cells are often impaired but may still be sufficient to impede the intratumoral spread of an oncolytic virus. Here, we establish that the oncolytic measles virus (MV-eGFP) induces interferon (IFN) production in human myeloma and ovarian cancer cells. In addition, MV gene expression and virus progeny production were inhibited by IFN treatment of these tumor cells. The P gene of wild-type measles virus encodes P/V/C proteins known to antagonize IFN induction and/or response. We therefore engineered MV-eGFP for IFN evasion and more efficient intratumoral spread by arming it with the P gene from wild-type IC-B strain MV, thus generating MV-eGFP-Pwt. The chimeric virus exhibited reduced IFN sensitivity and diminished capacity to induce IFN in BJAB lymphoma, ARH-77 myeloma cells, and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interestingly, unlike the wild-type MV, MV-eGFP-Pwt was unable to shut down IFN induction completely. In immunocompromised mice bearing human myeloma xenografts, intravenously administered MV-eGFP-Pwt showed significantly enhanced oncolytic potency compared to MV-eGFP. These results indicate that oncolytic viruses are subject to control by the innate immune defenses of human tumor cells and may therefore be more effective if their natural ability to combat innate immunity is maintained.
Adaptive Equalization Via Fast Quantized-State Methods (1981)

In adaptive equalization, there is a tradeoff between convergence rate of the equalizer tap coefficients, the computational speed for each adjustment, the implementation complexity, and algorithm robustness. Parameter update schemes called quantized state (QS) schemes, and fast versions of these schemes termed fast quantized state (FQS) schemes developed within a related context, are here applied to achieve attractive tradeoff options not previously available for adaptive equalization. Three novel simplifications to the QS schemes are introduced and justified by their performance characteristics in adaptive equalization. One simplification is to abandon the likeness to the method of instrumental variables (IV), where the "instrumental variable" is the quantized state vector, and introduce more quantization. Another simplification is to replace asymptotically Toeplitz matrices, or their inverses, by Toeplitz matrices to take advantage of fast schemes for updating QS schemes or taking their inverses.
Transient Expression of Transferred Gene Induced by Polyethylenimine in Plant (2009)

【Objective】 The experimental research was carried out to investigate the possibility and method of gene delivery into plant cells by nano-vector polyethylenimine (PEI) and obtain transient expression of gene, based on some research results that PEI can condense DNA into granules of nanometer size for delivering gene into cells in the field of medical science. 【Method】 PEI/DNA complexes were prepared. The ability of PEI to combine and protect DNA was investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis retardation assay. The surface characteristics of PEI/DNA complexes were observed with transmission electron microscope. For Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts, transformation efficiency of PEI/DNA at different charge ratios (N/P) was analyzed and compared with PEG. 【Result】 When the quality rate of PEI and DNA is in range of 5﹕1-1﹕4, PEI could bind and condense DNA, and form stable PEI/DNA complexes with nanoparticles diameter in 100-200 nm. Transformation efficiency of PEI/DNA can be improved with the increase of N/P ratios and reached highest at N/P=5. There was higher transformation efficiency of PEI/DNA complexes than PEG at N/P=5, but began to decrease at N/P5 with higher toxicity to cells. 【Conclusion】 The experimental results confirmed that PEI is a new kind of efficient gene vector for transferring genes into Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts.
Application of TINA-C computing and service architecture concepts to the development of an advanced information brokerage service in the context of EC (2002)

The concept of electronic brokerage is based on the use of new information technologies so as to provide a service capable of facilitating and organising the relationship between the supply and the demand in an "electronic marketplace" environment. This new service supported by the so-called "electronic brokers", will allow service providers to publish and advertise their offers and, at the same time, will help end users to access the offered services and information in an easy and efficient way. The paper presents an architecture for this electronic brokerage service that is currently being developed within the scope of the ABS (Architecture for Information Brokerage Service) ACTS European project. This architecture is based on concepts and principles contained in the TINA-C computing and service architecture and in the OMG EC-DTF Reference Model.
On the Behavior of Minimax Relative Error FIR Digital Differentiators (1974)

Optimum (in a minimax relative error sense) linear phase FIR digital differentiators can be designed in an efficient manner using a Remez optimization procedure. This paper presents data on wideband differentiators designed with even and odd values of N, the filter impulse response duration in samples. Based on these data, several interesting observations can be made, including: (i) Differentiators with even values of N have peak relative errors which are approximately one to two orders of magnitude smaller than identical bandwidth differentiators with odd values of N, and with the same number of multiplications per sample in a direct convolution realization. (ii) The smaller the bandwidth of the differentiator, the faster the decrease of the peak relative error with increasing N. (iii) The larger the value of N, the faster the decrease of the peak relative error with decreasing bandwidth. These observations lead to the conclusions that the bandwidth of a differentiator should be made as small as possible, and that even values of N should be used whenever possible. Complete tables of values of the impulse response coefficients are included for several wideband differentiators for even and odd values of N.
Oral acyclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster in general practice. (1989)

A double-blind, randomised trial evaluated the efficacy of oral acyclovir, 800 mg 5 times daily for 7 days, in acute herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. Forty patients aged 16 years or over, presenting to their general practitioners within 3 days of rash onset, received acyclovir, while 43 patients received placebo. Acyclovir reduced the extent and duration of the rash, the spread of the rash to adjacent dermatomes and the incidence of disseminated lesions. It shortened the period of new lesion formation and reduced the incidence of ulceration. The weekly prevalence of pain was reduced on acyclovir by the fourth week, with a reduction in the monthly prevalence of chronic pain in the second and third months and a reduction in associated local neurological symptoms between months 3-6. Total analgesic use in the first 4 weeks was reduced by acyclovir, but during follow up there was no difference in the prevalence of analgesic use between groups. There were slightly fewer medical events on acyclovir in the second week, but the frequency was the same in each group for the rest of the 6 months. Biochemical and haematological tests showed no adverse effects of treatment.
Grafting of monodisperse low‐molecular‐weight polystyrene onto cellulose acetate (1981)

Abstract Well‐defined low‐molecular‐weight polystyrene was grafted onto cellulose acetate in a homogeneous solution. The grafting was performed by esterifying the free hydroxyls in the cellulose acetate (acetyl DS 2.5) with anionically prepared polystyrene having a carboxylic acid group at one end of the chain. The carboxylic acid end group of the polystyrene was activated by either conversion to the corresponding acid chloride, or by reaction with trifluoroacetic anhydride. Pyridine and the more active 4‐dimethylaminopyridine were used as catalysts in the esterifications. The polystyrene contents of the copolymers varied between 10 and 80% and the molecular weights of the polystyrene grafts were 2500, 12,100 and 17,100 ( M̄ w /M̄ n = 1.1).
Orchestrator: Guarding Against Voltage Emergencies in Multithreaded Applications (2014)

Voltage emergency (VE) has become a critical challenge with decreasing feature size and increasing power capacity. Destructive core interference is one main source of VE in multicore processors. We observed that the applications following single program and multiple data programming model tend to spark domain-wide destructive core interference because multiple threads exhibit similar power activity. We analyze and quantify this effect and propose one low-cost solution, Orchestrator, to avoid voltage droop synergy among cores. Orchestrator leverages the thread diversity to smooth voltage droops in multicore architectures based on thread scheduling. The thread migration impact on performance is also considered. Experimental results show that Orchestrator can significantly reduce VEs, thereby improving performance.
Defect states in W<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>studied with photoelectron spectroscopy (1981)

The (001) surface of tungsten trioxide has been examined with ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. Results are presented for the defect-free surface using photon energies of 16.85, 21.22, and 40.82 eV and compared with x-ray photoemission spectra and a bulk density of states calculated for cubic W${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ by Kopp et al. The experimental results show no evidence for the presence of intrinsic surface states in the energy of bulk W${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The calculated density of states can be seen to have both a valence-bandwidth and an energy gap which are too small. Electron irradiation and ion bombardment produced defects in the surface region of W${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ which appeared as an increase in the density of states in the energy gap and a shift of the valence band away from the Fermi energy. The increase of the density of states in the band gap can be explained by the creation of oxygen vacancies and the valence-band shift by a band-bending effect. However, an alternative explanation that the shift is due to the creation of a layer of disordered W${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ at the surface cannot be ruled out. Five distinct surfaces with different electronic structure were observed and are discussed.
A robust metatranscriptomic technology for population-scale studies of diet, gut microbiome, and human health (2019)

ABSTRACT A functional readout of the gut microbiome is necessary to enable precise control of the gut microbiome’s functions, which support human health and prevent or minimize a wide range of chronic diseases. Stool metatranscriptomic analysis offers a comprehensive functional view of the gut microbiome, but despite its usefulness, it has rarely been used in clinical studies due to its complexity, cost, and bioinformatic challenges. This method has also received criticism due to potential intra-sample variability, rapid changes, and RNA degradation. Here, we describe a robust and automated stool metatranscriptomic method, called Viomega, which was specifically developed for population-scale studies. Viomega includes sample collection, ambient temperature sample preservation, total RNA extraction, physical removal of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), preparation of directional Illumina libraries, Illumina sequencing, taxonomic classification based on a database of >110,000 microbial genomes, and quantitative microbial gene expression analysis using a database of ~100 million microbial genes. We applied this method to 10,000 human stool samples, and performed several small-scale studies to demonstrate sample stability and consistency. In summary, Viomega is an inexpensive, high throughput, automated, and accurate sample-to-result stool metatranscriptomic technology platform for large-scale studies and a wide range of applications.