gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early detection of lung cancer based on three-dimensional, morphometric analysis of cells from sputum. (2014)

7547 Background: Utilizing a new 3D morphometric analytical device called Cell-CT, we analyzed cells from sputum to detect lung cancer in patients with malignant nodules found using low-dose x-ray CT (LDCT). This study assesses the sensitivity and specificity of the Cell-CT analysis for lung cancer in this context. Methods: Case sensitivity was assessed by analyzing sputum from patients with biopsy-confirmed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Spontaneously produced sputum was collected over three consecutive days and fixed. Specimens were then enriched for epithelial cells and stained with hematoxylin. These cells were imaged using VisionGate’s Cell-CT system that computes 3D cell images with isometric, sub-micron resolution. Cell images were then automatically analyzed by a computer classifier to identify abnormal cells. Of the 800 measured features, the strongest 25 were used in the classifier. The diagnosis for these cells was computer-generated and manually confirmed by a cytotechnologist. Specificity was assessed by analyzing cells in sputum from normal patients who were at high risk for lung cancer. Bronchial epithelial cells were counted to determine specimen adequacy. Results: 26 NSCLC and 4 SCLC, or 30 total cases were processed that met the criteria for adequacy. Moderate/severe dysplasia or cancer cells were found in 28 of the 30 cases. In 26 of the 28 cases, cancer cells were present. Cancer and dysplastic cells were detected by the Cell-CT for an overall case sensitivity of 93.3%. 15 of 30 cases were either stage I or stage II lung cancer, and 14 of these 15 cases (or 93.3%) were detected. 5,146 sputum cells from 17 normal patients at high risk for lung cancer were processed with zero false positive indications. The lower 95% confidence bound for specificity is 99.8%. Conclusions: With a sensitivity of 93.3% to early stage lung cancers and a lower limit to specificity of 99.8% based on a non-invasive sputum analysis, the Cell-CT platform could be deployed to help eliminate false positives from LDCT. Further studies will establish the Cell-CT performance across a broader range of clinical conditions to evaluate the potential use of the Cell-CT as a primary screener for lung cancer.
Optical Detection of Radio Waves Through a Nanomechanical Transducer (2014)

Electronic signals are converted with high efficiency, and very low added noise, to the optical domain by coupling them to a nanomechanical membrane whose displacement is interferometrically monitored with quantum-limited sensitivity.
Synthesis and pharmacology of glutamate receptor ligands: new isothiazole analogues of ibotenic acid (2007)

The naturally occurring heterocyclic amino acid ibotenic acid (Ibo) and the synthetic analogue thioibotenic acid (Thio-Ibo) possess interesting but dissimilar pharmacological activity at ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs and mGluRs). Therefore, a series of Thio-Ibo analogues was synthesized. The synthesis included introduction of substituents by Suzuki and Grignard reactions on 4-halogenated 3-benzyloxyisothiazolols, reduction of the obtained alcohols, followed by introduction of the amino acid moiety by use of 2-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylimino)malonic acid diethyl ester. The obtained Thio-Ibo analogues (1, 2a-g) were characterized in functional assays on recombinant mGluRs and in receptor binding assays on native iGluRs. At mGluRs, the activity at Group II was retained for compounds with small substituents (2a-2d), whereas the Group I and Group III receptor activities for all new compounds were lost. Detection of NMDA receptor affinity prompted further characterization, and two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings at recombinant NMDA receptor subtypes NR1/NR2A-D expressed in Xenopus oocytes were carried out for compounds with small substituents (chloro, bromo, methyl or ethyl, compounds 2a-d). This series of Thio-Ibo analogues defines a structural threshold for NMDA receptor activation and reveals that the individual subtypes have different steric requirements for receptor activation. The compounds 2a and 2c are the first examples of agonists discriminating individual NMDA subtypes.
Image compression with auto-encoder algorithm using deep neural network (DNN) (2016)

An image compression is necessary for the image processing applications such as data storing, image classification, image recognition etc. Then, several research articles have been proposed to reserve for these topics. However, the image compression with auto encoder has been found for a small number of the improvements. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed study to demonstrate the image compression algorithm using the deep neural network (DNN). The proposed algorithm consists of 1) compressing image with auto encoder, and 2) decoding image. The proposed compressing image with auto encoder algorithm uses non-recurrent three-layer neural networks (NRTNNs) which use an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to update the weights of the networks. To evaluate the proposed algorithm performances, the Matlab program is used for implementations of the overall testing algorithm. From our simulation results, it shows that the proposed image compression algorithm is able to reduce the image dimensionality and is able to recall the compressed image with low loss.
Aquaporin-1 Facilitates Epithelial Cell Migration in Kidney Proximal Tubule (2005)

Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is the principal water-transporting protein in cell plasma membranes in kidney proximal tubule, where it facilitates transepithelial water transport. Here, a novel role for AQP1 in kidney involving the migration of proximal tubule cells is reported. Migration was compared in primary cultures of proximal tubule cells from wild-type and AQP1 null mice. Cell cultures from AQP1 null mice were indistinguishable from those of wild-type mice in their appearance, growth/proliferation, and adhesiveness, although, as expected, they had reduced plasma membrane water permeability. Migration of AQP1-deficient cells was reduced by >50% compared with wild-type cells, as measured in a Boyden chamber in the presence of a chemotactic stimulus. Comparable slowing of migration of AQP1-deficient cells was also found in an in vitro scratch assay of wound healing, with reduced appearance of lamella-like membrane protrusions at the cell leading edge. Adenoviral-mediated expression of AQP1 in the AQP1-deficient cells, which increased their water permeability to that of wild-type cells, corrected their migration defect. The potential relevance of these in vitro findings to the intact kidney was tested in an in vivo model of acute tubular injury caused by 30 min of renal artery occlusion. At 3 to 5 d after ischemia-reperfusion, kidneys in AQP1 null mice showed remarkably greater tubular injury and cellular actin disorganization than kidneys in wild-type mice. These results provide evidence for the involvement of AQP1 in migration of proximal tubule cells and possibly in the response of the proximal tubule to injury.
Resonant grating filter for a MEMS based add-drop device at oblique incidence (2003)

A reflective tunable resonant grating filter with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.5 nm at 1545 nm for TE polarization was investigated. The tunability is achieved by placing the filter on a tiltable MEMS platform. The filter was designed to accommodate fabrication tolerances and since we work in microsystems the minimum filter size was analyzed, as well as the needed tilt angle for the platform. The device works at 45/spl deg/ incidence angle, thus a separation of the reflected and incident light is easily possible.
Identifying excessive heat load (1997)

Absorbed environmental heat, when superimposed on the metabolic heat arising in high producing animals, can have a negative impact on animals, their productivity and welfare. The term ''heat stress'' especially when characterised solely by environmental descriptors, can be confusing. Furthermore, the term ''stress'' reflects negatively on animal industries. This paper reviews the physiological basis for excessive heat load, provides a practical behavioral framework for its identification, and a process for assessing potential problems. By taking a new look at an old problem, some of the confusion currently in the literature may be overcome and resources can be focussed to where they can be most effectively used to resolve a major constraint to animal production in hot climates.
Clustering face images with application to image retrieval in large databases (2005)

In this article, we evaluate the effectiveness of a pre-classification scheme for the fast retrieval of faces in a large image database. The studied approach is based on a partitioning of the face space through a clustering of face images. Mainly two issues are discussed. How to perform clustering with a non-trivial probabilistic measure of similarity between faces? How to assign face images to all clusters probabilistically to form a robust characterization vector? It is shown experimentally on the FERET face database that, with this simple approach, the cost of a search can be reduced by a factor 6 or 7 with no significant degradation of the performance.
Noise properties and error rate performance forPR4 channel in perpendicular magnetic recording (1999)

In this paper, noise properties for the perpendicular head/disk and the PR4 channel are described taking account of the equalizer transfer function.
Characterization of poly-Si thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering onto Ni prelayers (2000)

A method of producing a polycrystalline silicon thin film on a foreign substrate without subsequent annealing has been developed. Thermally evaporated 5–100 nm thick Ni films served as prelayers for magnetron sputtered Si thin films. A continuous film was obtained as a result of metal induced growth of polysilicon during low temperature (below 600 °C) deposition. The film uniformity is promising for large area device applications. The influence of the Ni prelayer thickness on the grain size of thus obtained films was investigated. Atomic force microscopy and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy studies revealed features in the 150–600 nm size range while x-ray diffraction and Raman spectra analysis predicted 50–100 nm diam randomly oriented grains and a complete absence of an amorphous phase. The carrier lifetime was evaluated to be 11 μs.
Fast Factorized Back-Projection for Bistatic SAR Processing (2010)

Time-domain back-projection is able to generate focused synthetic-aperture radar images for the most general geometries but at the expense of high computational burden. With the advent of the fast factorized back-projection algorithm, however, it is now possible to achieve computational performance in parity with frequency-domain algorithms and without the restrictions on data symmetry of the latter. In the paper, we show that the fast factorized back-projection algorithm can also be extended to bistatic SAR data with retained computational performance. Image results are presented based on bistatic VHF/UHF-band registrations acquired with the two airborne SAR sensors LORA and SETHI.
Studien über Cumarine. – III. Ueber das ρ‐Amido‐β‐methylcumarin (1899)

waeeer ausgefiillt wird.Krystallisirt aus verdiinntem Alkohol, achmilzt unscharf bei logo.Vori den drei Bromatomen muss
Protective device for MOS integrated circuits (1968)

Two protective devices for MOS integrated circuits have been extensively tested and proved feasible. They also perform more reliably than conventional Zener diodes. One of them has been used in the fabrication of a dual 25-bit MOS and MNOS integrated shift register and performed reliably.
Multiplex PCR provides a low-cost alternative to DNA probe methods for rapid identification of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare (1996)

A multiplex PCR designed to differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms from M. avium and M. intracellulare was used to test 105 isolates identified by DNA probe methods as M. avium, M. intracellulare, or M. avium complex type X. The multiple PCR correctly identified 33 of 34 isolates identified by commercial probe methods as M. avium and all 51 isolates identified as M. intracellulare. The 20 isolates identified as M. avium complex type X by probe were identified as Mycobacterium spp. by the multiplex method. These results confirm that the multiplex PCR, which is simple to perform and cheaper than commercial probe methods, is suitable for routine identification of M. avium and M. intracellulare.
Optimizing sub-cost functions for segment selection based on perceptual evaluations in concatenative speech synthesis (2004)

In concatenative speech synthesis, various factors affect the naturalness of synthetic speech. A cost for segment selection is calculated by integrating some sub-costs capturing the degradation of naturalness caused by such factors. In this paper, we optimize each sub-cost function for converting a linguistic feature or an acoustic parameter into a sub-cost based on perceptual evaluations. Two types of perceptual experiments are performed with test sets constructed by controlling the variations of sub-costs to evaluate the independent effect of each sub-cost and the interactions between them. We clarify the effectiveness of perceptually optimizing subcost functions from a result of a preference test comparing synthetic speech before and after the optimization.
Somatostatin receptor expression, tumour response, and quality of life in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with long-acting octreotide (2006)

Octreotide may extend survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Forty-one per cent of HCCs have high-affinity somatostatin receptors. We aimed to determine the feasibility, safety, and activity of long-acting octreotide in advanced HCC; to identify the best method for assessing somatostatin receptor expression; to relate receptor expression to clinical outcomes; and to evaluate toxicity. Sixty-three patients with advanced HCC received intramuscular long-acting octreotide 20 mg monthly until progression or toxicity. Median age was 67 years (range 28-81 years), male 81%, Child-Pugh A 83%, and B 17%. The aetiologies of chronic liver disease were alcohol (22%), viral hepatitis (44%), and haemochromatosis (6%). Prior treatments for HCC included surgery (8%), chemotherapy (2%), local ablation (11%), and chemoembolisation (6%). One patient had an objective partial tumour response (2%, 95% CI 0-9%). Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels decreased more than 50% in four (6%). Median survival was 8 months. Thirty four of 61 patients (56%) had receptor expression detected by scintigraphy; no clear relationship with clinical outcomes was identified. There were few grade 3 or 4 toxicities: hyperglycaemia (8%), hypoglycaemia (2%), diarrhoea (5%), and anorexia (2%). Patients reported improvements in some symptoms, but no major changes in quality of life were detected. Long-acting octreotide is safe in advanced HCC. We found little evidence of anticancer activity. A definitive randomised trial would identify whether patients benefit from this treatment in other ways.
PCR detection of excision suggests mobility of the medaka fish<i>Tol1</i>transposable element in the frog<i>Xenopus laevis</i> (2007)

Tol1 is a DNA-based transposable element identified in the medaka fish Oryzias latipes and a member of the hAT (hobo/Activator/Tam3) transposable element family. Its mobility has already been demonstrated in the human and mouse, in addition to its original host species. This element is thus expected to be useful in a wide range of vertebrates as a genomic manipulation tool. Herein, we show that the Tol1 element can undergo excision in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, a major model organism for vertebrate genetics and developmental biology. An indicator plasmid carrying a Tol1 element was injected into 2- or 4-cell-stage embryos together with either a helper plasmid coding for the full-length Tol1 transposase or a modified helper plasmid yielding a truncated protein, and recovered from tailbud-stage embryos. Deletion of the Tol1 region of the indicator plasmid was observed in the experiment with the full-length transposase, and not in the other case. The deletion was associated with various footprint sequences at breakpoints, as frequently observed with many DNA-based transposable elements. These results indicate that the Tol1 element was excised from the indicator plasmid by catalysis of the transposase, and suggest that the Tol1 element is mobile in this frog species.
Acamprosate for treatment of alcohol dependence: mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical utility (2012)

Acamprosate, or N-acetyl homotaurine, is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modulator approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a pharmacological treatment for alcohol dependence. The exact mechanism of action of acamprosate is still under investigation, but the drug appears to work by promoting a balance between the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid, respectively, and it may help individuals with alcohol dependence by reducing withdrawal-associated distress. Acamprosate has low bioavailability, but also has an excellent tolerability and safety profile. In comparison with naltrexone and disulfiram, which are the other FDA-approved treatments for alcohol dependence, acamprosate is unique in that it is not metabolized by the liver and is also not impacted by alcohol use, so can be administered to patients with hepatitis or liver disease (a common comorbid condition among individuals with alcohol dependence) and to patients who continue drinking alcohol. Acamprosate has demonstrated its efficacy in more than 25 placebo-controlled, double-blind trials for individuals with alcohol dependence, and has generally been found to be more efficacious than placebo in significantly reducing the risk of returning to any drinking and increasing the cumulative duration of abstinence. However, acamprosate appears to be no more efficacious than placebo in reducing heavy drinking days. Numerous trials have found that acamprosate is not significantly more efficacious than naltrexone or disulfiram, and the efficacy of acamprosate does not appear to be improved by combining acamprosate with other active medications (eg, naltrexone) or with psychosocial treatment (eg, cognitive-behavioral therapy). In this review, we present the data on acamprosate, including its pharmacology, efficacy, safety, and tolerability in the treatment of alcohol dependence.
Role of Atomic Hydrogen During Growth of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon in the “Chemical Annealing” (1991)

In our previous paper, we proposed a novel preparation technique termed “Chemical annealing” to make a rigid and stable Si-network. In this letter, with the aim of the understanding the role of atomic hydrogen on the growing surface, systematic studies were made on the concentrations of H and D for the chemically annealed films made by SiH 4 and atomic deuterium system as a function of the deposition time in one cycle, the annealing time and the substrate temperature. In the chemically annealed film, the structural relaxation is thermally activated with an activation energy of 0.3 eV. The role of atomic hydrogen is the creation of dangling bonds in the top surface for the enhancement of a cross linking reaction; passivation of dangling bond and break of weak Si-Si bonds for the rearrangement of Si-network. In comparison with the post-deutrization results, the role of atomic hydrogen in the “Chemical annealing” is discussed.
A DIGITAL WATERMARK FOR STEREO AUDIO SIGNALS USING VARIABLE INTER-CHANNEL DELAY IN HIGH-FREQUENCY BANDS AND ITS EVALUATION (2010)

We propose a watermarking algorithm for stereo audio signals which embeds data using delay values of the high-frequency channel signals. Since the stereo image perception of the human auditory system is known to be relatively insensitive to phase in the high-frequency region, we replace the two high-frequency channel signals with one middle channel signal, and embed data as the delay between the channels. Blind detection of embedded data is possible using the correlation between high-frequency channels at the detector. Embedded data rate was 7 to 30 bps depending on the host audio signal. Embedded data was detected with little or no errors for added noise at 20 dB SNR and above. MP3 and AAC coders, as well as sample rate conversion (both down-sampling and up-sampling) did not affect the data. Low-pass filtering and high-pass filtering also did not affect the data when cut-off frequencies were set to leave reasonable amount of frequency ranges intact. The embedded audio quality was shown to be source-dependent, with quality equivalent to MP3 coded audio with some sources, but significantly lower for other sources.
Dinucleotides Incorporating Isomeric Nucleosides: Synthesis, Structural and Stereochemical Characterization, and Enzymology (1997)

Abstract The synthesis, stability toward nucleases, and conformational properties of 3′→5′ and 5′→5′ dinucleotides bearing an isomeric nucleoside component is described.
Facile electrochemical preparation of hierarchical porous structures to enhance manganese oxide charge-storage properties in ionic liquid electrolytes (2016)

A symmetric cell with hierarchical porous MnO<sub>2</sub> electrodes and IL electrolyte shows excellent energy and power densities.
Cardiovascular effects of low and high doses of clonidine in rats. (1993)

Clonidine was a partial agonist of adrenoceptors and the effects of a range of clonidine doses on the mean arterial pressure and heart rate of rats were evaluated. It was found that low doses of clonidine, 30-300 micrograms/kg, induced a significant hypotension whereas high doses of clonidine, 3-18 mg/kg, were unable to decrease the blood pressure significantly. The reversal by high doses of clonidine of the hypotension induced by low dose of clonidine was possibly due to the blood vessel contraction induced by a high dose of clonidine. On the other hand, both low and high doses of clonidine induced bradycardia in the in vivo as well as in vitro studies.
Five-year outcome after coronary angioplasty versus bypass surgery in multivessel coronary artery disease: results from the French Monocentric Study. (1997)

In a carefully selected population of patients with multivessel CAD, angioplasty may offer an effective alternative to bypass surgery. However, to achieve similar clinical outcomes, the patients treated with PTCA are more likely to require further interventions.
Natural Polyphenols Inhibit Lysine-Specific Demethylase-1 <i>in vitro.</i> (2013)

Natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol, have beneficial functions on major human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Besides acting as antioxidants, some of these polyphenols can also target proteins to modulate specific biological pathways. The lysine-specific histone demethylase LSD1 plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation and nutrient metabolism. Here, we studied the effect of natural polyphenols resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin and analogs on LSD1. Using <i>in vitro</i> LSD1 enzymatic assays, we show that resveratrol, curcumin and quercetin displayed a potent inhibitory effect on the LSD1 activity and were more potent than the known LSD1 inhibitor trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine (TCP). The new function of resveratrol, curcumin and quercetin is independent of their antioxidant properties, as other antioxidants had no effect on LSD1 under the similar conditions. In C2C12 fibroblasts, resveratrol and curcumin can efficiently inhibit myogenic expression and differentiation, for which LSD1 is required. Thus, our study has identified LSD1 as a novel target of bioactive natural compounds, such as resveratrol, curcumin and quercetin, and such finding suggests that LSD1 inhibition can at least partially contribute to some of the previously observed beneficial effects of these compounds.