gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data Imputation Through the Identification of Local Anomalies (2015)

We introduce a comprehensive and statistical framework in a model free setting for a complete treatment of localized data corruptions due to severe noise sources, e.g., an occluder in the case of a visual recording. Within this framework, we propose: 1) a novel algorithm to efficiently separate, i.e., detect and localize, possible corruptions from a given suspicious data instance and 2) a maximum a posteriori estimator to impute the corrupted data. As a generalization to Euclidean distance, we also propose a novel distance measure, which is based on the ranked deviations among the data attributes and empirically shown to be superior in separating the corruptions. Our algorithm first splits the suspicious instance into parts through a binary partitioning tree in the space of data attributes and iteratively tests those parts to detect local anomalies using the nominal statistics extracted from an uncorrupted (clean) reference data set. Once each part is labeled as anomalous versus normal, the corresponding binary patterns over this tree that characterize corruptions are identified and the affected attributes are imputed. Under a certain conditional independency structure assumed for the binary patterns, we analytically show that the false alarm rate of the introduced algorithm in detecting the corruptions is independent of the data and can be directly set without any parameter tuning. The proposed framework is tested over several well-known machine learning data sets with synthetically generated corruptions and experimentally shown to produce remarkable improvements in terms of classification purposes with strong corruption separation capabilities. Our experiments also indicate that the proposed algorithms outperform the typical approaches and are robust to varying training phase conditions.
Biochemistry and physiology of n‐3 fatty acids (1992)

Considering the n-3 fatty acids to be partial agonists relative to n-6 fatty acids helps consolidate into a unified interpretation the many diverse reports and controversies on the actions of these two types of essential fatty acids. Some research reports illustrate the similarities between these two types and some emphasize the differences, leaving readers to evaluate the status of n-3 fatty acids from a viewpoint that is conceptually similar to regarding a glass of water as half empty or half full. Both n-3 and n-6 types of fatty acids must be obtained through the diet because they are not synthesized de novo by vertebrates. Both types can support important physiological and developmental processes, can form eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, etc.), can be esterified to and hydrolyzed from tissue glycerolipids, and can be metabolically elongated and desaturated to a variety of highly unsaturated fatty acids. However, some nonesterified n-6 acids are vigorously converted to potent n-6 eicosanoids that exert intense agonist actions at eicosanoid receptors, whereas the n-3 acids less vigorously form n-3 eicosanoids that often produce less intense (partial) actions. Because both types owe their presence in vertebrate tissues to dietary intake, important physiological consequences follow the inadvertent selection of different average daily dietary supplies of these two types of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Variable Stars in the Field of the Open Cluster NGC 7789 (1994)

Fifteen variable stars have been discovered during four nights of monitoring of NGC 7789. It was possible to determine periods for ten of these variables. Seven objects are W UMa-type binaries, in this number five are members of the cluster. Among the remaining variables, there are three further close binaries, one delta Scuti which is a Blue Straggler in the cluster, and one multi-modal variable (with indeterminable periods). One of the binaries showed an eclipse-like event; this binary is a good candidate for determination of masses of its components at the turn-off point of the cluster.
Supporting insight-based information exploration in intelligence analysis (2006)

Capturing the exploratory search process can help represent analytical insight.
Next Generation EPICS Interface to Abstract Data (2001)

The set of externally visible properties associated with process variables in the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) is predefined in the EPICS base distribution and is therefore not extensible by plug-compatible applications. We believe that this approach, while practical for early versions of the system with a smaller user base, is now severely limiting expansion of the high-level application tool set for EPICS. To eliminate existing barriers, we propose a new C++ based interface to abstract containerized data. This paper describes the new interface, its application to message passing in distributed systems, its application to direct communication between tightly coupled programs co-resident in an address space, and its paramount position in an emerging role for EPICS - the integration of dissimilar systems.
Etude sur la définition selon le modèle schéma-extension (2021)

Cet article presente la pratique de definition qui vise a la fois d’extraire les traits semantiques en communs que partagent les mots dans la meme categorie semantique, et a mieux eclaircir les caracteristiques individuelles de chaque mot. L’objet de cet article est de presenter la definition de certains mots francais en s’appuyant sur le modele schema-extension, afin de favoriser la competence de comprehension et de production des apprenants chinois, pour qu’ils puissent differencier les nuances des mots, les maitriser et utiliser dans un contexte adequat, de facon correcte et autonome.
Consensus strategy to quantitate malignant cells in myeloma patients is validated in a multicenter study. Belgium-Dutch Hematology-Oncology Group. (2000)

Recently the Belgium-Dutch Hematology-Oncology group initiated a multicenter study to evaluate whether myeloma patients treated with intensive chemotherapy benefit from additional peripheral stem cell transplantation. To determine treatment response accurately, we decided to quantitate malignant cells. To test a consensus quantitation strategy, 5 centers independently determined the immunoglobulin heavy chain sequences of patient tumor cells and developed allele-specific oligonucleotides (ASO) and ASO-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We compared the reproducibility of real-time quantitation with quantitation using limiting dilutions. We distributed DNA samples with a 4-log range of tumor cell concentrations and found average quantitation values deviating 74% and 42% from the input values with real-time PCR (1 center) and limiting dilutions (4 centers), respectively. Within single centers we found an average variation coefficient of 0.74, with limiting dilutions not significantly different from the average 0.82 center-to-center variation coefficient. Within a single center, real-time quantitation proved more reproducible (average variation coefficient, 0.36). Quantification was confirmed in 3 patients during treatment in the protocol. This report shows that real-time PCR or limiting dilution assays can be used for quantitation in a single multicenter trial. We present a consensus strategy that allows an accurate comparison of quantitation data generated in independent centers.
Minimum cross-entropy spectral analysis (1981)

The principle of minimum cross-entropy (minimum directed divergence, minimum discrimination information, minimum relative entropy) is summarized, discussed, and applied to the classical problem of estimating power spectra given values of the autocorrelation function. This new method differs from previous methods in its explicit inclusion of a prior estimate of the power spectrum, and it reduces to maximum entropy spectral analysis as a special case. The prior estimate can be viewed as a means of shaping the spectral estimator. Cross-entropy minimization yields a family of shaped spectral estimators consistent with known autocorrelations. Results are derived in two equivalent ways: once by minimizing the cross-entropy of underlying probability densities, and once by arguments concerning the cross-entropy between the input and output of linear filters. Several example minimum cross-entropy spectra are included.
Stress effects on multifilamentary Nb&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Sn wire (1979)

Critical current I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> measurements were obtained on highly stabilized mf Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn wires as a function of heat treatment, stress, temperature, and applied magnetic field. The ratio of the area of the copper to bronze core-niobium tube is about 8, and the filaments are concentrated in the inner 30% of the wire's cross section. Values of I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> and T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> were determined for samples subjected to a wide range of heat treatments. Diffusion reaction times and temperatures in the ranges 16 to 128 h and 700 to 750°C provided a number of mf Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn wires having similar I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> characteristics. To some extent the residual compressive loading on the Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn wires varied with the particular heat treatment. This loading arises primarily from the differential contraction of the remaining bronze and the Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn layer when cooled from the reaction temperature to the operating temperature. Like other investigators, we find that, by controlled bending or stretching of the wires, whereby some of the strain in the Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn is relieved, the I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> at 14 K is increased by as much as 30% and the critical temperature is increased by up to 1 K. The pinning force in strained and relieved wires was determined from I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> measurements in applied fields up to 10 T. We analyzed changes in the position and height of the pinning force peak as a function of strain relief using Kramer's theory of flux pinning. With the Kramer model, by varying the effective strength and number of pinning sites, we were able to describe qualitatively differences in the pinning force curves that were obtained in the as-reacted (strained) and bent (strain-relieved) states.
BGP Neighbor Discovery (2019)

BGP is being used as the underlay routing protocol in some large-
scaled data centers (DCs). Most popular design followed is to do hop-
by-hop external BGP (EBGP) session configurations between neighboring
routers on a per link basis. The provisioning of BGP neighbors in
routers across such a DC brings its own operational complexity. This
document introduces a BGP neighbor discovery mechanism that greatly
simplifies BGP operations in such DC and other networks by automatic
setup of BGP sessions between neighbor routers using this mechanism.
Visible-Light Photocatalytic Fibers for Inactivation of Pseuwmonas Aeruginosa (2008)

Antimicrobial ceramic fibers based on a visible-light photocatalyst were made by templating on activated carbon glass fibers. Crystalline photocatalyst nanoparticles were grown in the interconnected nanopore system of the activated carbon. Removal of the carbon template in the subsequent calcination resulted in nanoporous ceramic fibers. When the fibers were immersed in suspensions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa under visible light illumination, the survival ratio of the cell was found to decrease with the time of exposure to the visible light. The kinetics of the bacterial killing was of the first order. reaching more than 40% bacterial killing in 30 min.
Ratiometric bimolecular beacons for the sensitive detection of RNA in single living cells (2010)

Numerous studies have utilized molecular beacons (MBs) to image RNA expression in living cells; however, there is growing evidence that the sensitivity of RNA detection is significantly hampered by their propensity to emit false-positive signals. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a new RNA imaging probe called ratiometric bimolecular beacon (RBMB), which combines functional elements of both conventional MBs and siRNA. Analogous to MBs, RBMBs elicit a fluorescent reporter signal upon hybridization to complementary RNA. In addition, an siRNA-like double-stranded domain is used to facilitate nuclear export. Accordingly, live-cell fluorescent imaging showed that RBMBs are localized predominantly in the cytoplasm, whereas MBs are sequestered into the nucleus. The retention of RBMBs within the cytoplasmic compartment led to >15-fold reduction in false-positive signals and a significantly higher signal-to-background compared with MBs. The RBMBs were also designed to possess an optically distinct reference fluorophore that remains unquenched regardless of probe confirmation. This reference dye not only provided a means to track RBMB localization, but also allowed single cell measurements of RBMB fluorescence to be corrected for variations in probe delivery. Combined, these attributes enabled RBMBs to exhibit an improved sensitivity for RNA detection in living cells.
Plasma polymerization of copper phthalocyanines and application of the plasma polymer films to NO<sub>2</sub> gas sensor device (1995)

Abstract Four copper phthalocyanines without substituent (CuPc) and with chlorine (CuPc‐Cl), hydroxymethyl (CuPc‐CH 2 OH), and phthalimidomethyl substituents (CuPc‐CH 2 N‐[C(O)] 2 Ph) were plasma‐polymerized to obtain amorphous and thin films having the extended π‐electron system. The chemical composition of the plasma polymer films was discussed from the data of the electronic spectra, IR spectra, and XPS spectra. The application of the plasma polymer films was discussed with regard to the NO 2 sensitivity, the NO 2 selectivity, the response time, and the reversibility. Plasma polymerization of CuPc, CuPc‐Cl, CuPc‐CH 2 OH, and CuPc‐CH 2 OH gives amorphous films having the extended π‐electron system. In the plasma polymerization process, a part of the extended π‐electron system is broken down. The CH 2 OH and CuPc‐CH 2 N[C(O)] 2 Ph substituents contribute to minimizing the degradation. The Cu atoms liberated from the chelation in the plasma polymerization process exist as CuO in the deposited films. The plasma polymer films of CuPc‐CH 2 OH and CuPc‐CH 2 N[C(O)] 2 Ph show good sensitivity to NO 2 molecules. With regard to the sensitivity, the selectivity, the response time and the reversibility, the plasma polymer films are applicable materials to the NO 2 sensor device. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Photoelectrochemical Cell Measurements: Getting the Basics Right (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEGuest CommentaryNEXTPhotoelectrochemical Cell Measurements: Getting the Basics RightGary HodesView Author Information Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 9, 1208–1213Publication Date (Web):May 3, 2012Publication History Received23 February 2012Accepted12 April 2012Published online3 May 2012Published inissue 3 May 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jz300220bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jz300220beditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views14270Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (672 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Electrochemical cells,Electrodes,Electrolytes,Polarization,Solar cells Get e-Alerts
Digital dementia in the internet generation: excessive screen time during brain development will increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in adulthood (2022)

Converging evidence from biopsychosocial research in humans and animals demonstrates that chronic sensory stimulation (via excessive screen exposure) affects brain development increasing the risk of cognitive, emotional, and behavioural disorders in adolescents and young adults. Emerging evidence suggests that some of these effects are similar to those seen in adults with symptoms of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the early stages of dementia, including impaired concentration, orientation, acquisition of recent memories (anterograde amnesia), recall of past memories (retrograde amnesia), social functioning, and self-care. Excessive screen time is known to alter gray matter and white volumes in the brain, increase the risk of mental disorders, and impair acquisition of memories and learning which are known risk factors for dementia. Chronic sensory overstimulation (i.e., excessive screen time) during brain development increases the risk of accelerated neurodegeneration in adulthood (i.e., amnesia, early onset dementia). This relationship is affected by several mediating/moderating factors (e.g., IQ decline, learning impairments and mental illness). We hypothesize that excessive screen exposure during critical periods of development in Generation Z will lead to mild cognitive impairments in early to middle adulthood resulting in substantially increased rates of early onset dementia in later adulthood. We predict that from 2060 to 2100, the rates of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) will increase significantly, far above the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) projected estimates of a two-fold increase, to upwards of a four-to-six-fold increase. The CDC estimates are based entirely on factors related to the age, sex, race and ethnicity of individuals born before 1950 who did not have access to mobile digital technology during critical periods of brain development. Compared to previous generations, the average 17-19-year-old spends approximately 6 hours a day on mobile digital devices (MDD) (smartphones, tablets, and laptop computers) whereas individuals born before 1950 at the same age spent zero. Our estimates include the documented effects of excessive screen time on individuals born after 1980, Millennials and Generation Z, who will be the majority of individuals ≥65 years old. An estimated 4-to-6-fold increase in rates of ADRD post-2060 will result in widespread societal and economic distress and the complete collapse of already overburdened healthcare systems in developed countries. Preventative measures must be set in place immediately including investments and interventions in public education, social policy, laws, and healthcare.
Oregon's new insanity defense system: a review of the first five years, 1978 to 1982. (1984)

On January I, 1978 Oregon instituted an insanity defense system that is unique in the country. The central feature of that system is the Psychiatric Security Review Board (PSRB). The system was experimental; the statute provided that the PSRB was to cease operation in 3 I h years unless the 1981 legislature renewed its existence. Before and during the 1981 session the Oregon legislature conducted extensive reviews of the new system. Virtually all witnesses testified that the PSRB mechanism was a significant improvement over the old insanity defense system. Previously, as is still true in most states, Oregon had no independent board to supervise persons found not responsible and no community programs specifically designed for the provision of treatment and monitoring for such persons. The 1981 legislature made some refinements in the new system and extended indefinitely the life of the PSRB. I The 1983 legislature again examined Oregon's insanity system. The Hinckley verdict had created enormous political pressure throughout the country to change the insanity defense. In effect, Oregon had beaten the rush by overhauling its system five years earlier. The 1983 legislature also concluded that the system was continuing to work well. They were content to make several relatively minor modifications to strengthen PSRB operations. Those changes will be reported elsewhere. In most jurisdictions thoughtful debate about the insanity defense is hampered by lack of data and empirical studies. Oregon now has available extensive data about the insanity defense, primarily because the Oregon Psychiatric Security Review Board maintains detailed information about each person under its jurisdiction. With the cooperation of the PSRB we have conducted a series of analyses of that data and have published our findings and observations in a series of reports. However, in addition to those more detailed studies, we believe a summary of the first five years of PSRB operation would be useful. This article is a compilation of basic facts about Oregon's insanity defense system from January 1, 1978 through December 31, 1982. We have drawn some salient findings from our earlier publications. Some other data have been updated. Much of the information presented here has not been reported previously. We organized the information around questions frequently asked by legislators, other policy makers, and the public. We also have pointed out where studies to date are insufficient to answer certain of those questions. Some of the answers