gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pre-operative localization of parathyroid adenomas or parathyroid hyperplasia by means of venous sampling. (1975)

Pre-operative localization of parathyroid tumours on primary hyperparathyroidism is discussed. 20 patients were examined in this way. Of the 15 patients who were operated on, the pre-operative findings of 12 correspond with the results of operations and histological examinations. These results correspond with what is known from other publications. Preoperative localization by means of venous sampling is possible in a large number of cases. The examination is especially important in patients with previous neck exploration.
Iterative Deepening For Melody Alignment And Retrieval. (2005)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Hot-electron transport in a graded band-gap base heterojunction bipolar transistor (1988)

In this letter we report the direct observation of electron heating in an electric field using hot-electron spectroscopy. The device structure used for the study was a graded band-gap base heterojunction bipolar transistor, fabricated in the GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor alloy system. A thermal electron distribution at 4.2 K was injected from the emitter into the base of a transistor that was compositionally graded to yield a quasielectric field of 20 kV cm−1 . The equilibrium electron distribution was heated by the electric field and could be characterized at the end of the 900 Å base region by an effective electron temperature of 650 K.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHANGES IN WHEAT AND WHEAT PRODUCTS INDUCED BY ELEVATED TEMPERATURES: III. THE INFLUENCE OF GERM CONSTITUENTS ON BAKING QUALITY AND THEIR RELATION TO IMPROVEMENT IN FLOUR INDUCED BY HEAT AND CHEMICAL IMPROVERS (1930)

Experiments were conducted in an effort to determine the cause of enhancement in baking quality previously observed on heat treatment of straight-grade flour not aged nor bleached. Heat treatment of straight-grade flour matured with agene (nitrogen trichloride), or of unaged fifth middlings flour (highly refined mill stream) did not result in any essential improvement in baking quality, and the unheated flours gave only a slight positive response to bromate. Similarly, ether extracted straight-grade flour gave no appreciable response to bromate and no significant improvement due to heat treatment. Germ added to fifth middlings flour markedly reduced its baking quality when determined by the basic procedure, as reflected in poorer handling qualities of the dough, and in the baked loaf by a decrease in loaf volume, underfermented characteristics, and coarse open texture. Increasing the fermentation time, addition of bromate, or heating the germ before admixture reduced the deleterious effects of the germ. The experiments indicate that response to bromate, and improvement of natural flour induced by proper heat treatment is associated with the presence of germ in the flour. Oxidation of certain germ constituents—presumably the phosphatides—is suggested as the primary change involved in such improvement. Addition of lecithin to middlings flour caused a marked response in loaf volume to the addition of bromate which is considered as indirect evidence that the phosphatides are involved. Heat treatment of germ induced a marked increase in the hydrogen ion concentration of aqueous extracts and a decrease in the iodine number of the ether extract. It is concluded from this series of investigations that heat treatment of flour is detrimental to gluten quality, but decreases the deleterious effect of germ present in the flour. Unaged flours containing low grade mill streams may show an enhancement in baking quality by heat treatment, but the improvement will not equal that induced by chemical improvers which apparently act primarily on the germ constituents.
Robust Image Segmentation Using FCM With Spatial Constraints Based on New Kernel-Induced Distance Measure (2004)

Fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) with spatial constraints (FCM_S) is an effective algorithm suitable for image segmentation. Its effectiveness contributes not only to the introduction of fuzziness for belongingness of each pixel but also to exploitation of spatial contextual information. Although the contextual information can raise its insensitivity to noise to some extent, FCM_S still lacks enough robustness to noise and outliers and is not suitable for revealing non-Euclidean structure of the input data due to the use of Euclidean distance (L2 norm). In this paper, to overcome the above problems, we first propose two variants, FCM_S1 and FCM_S2, of FCM_S to aim at simplifying its computation and then extend them, including FCM_S, to corresponding robust kernelized versions KFCM_S, KFCM_S1 and KFCM_S2 by the kernel methods. Our main motives of using the kernel methods consist in: inducing a class of robust non-Euclidean distance measures for the original data space to derive new objective functions and thus clustering the non-Euclidean structures in data; enhancing robustness of the original clustering algorithms to noise and outliers, and still retaining computational simplicity. The experiments on the artificial and real-world datasets show that our proposed algorithms, especially with spatial constraints, are more effective.
A robust registration method for high resolution remote sensing images (2008)

In this paper, we propose an automatic and accurate image registration method for the high resolution. Due to the strong distortion caused by the terrain relief in this kind of images, it cannot be resolved by one set of transformation coefficients for the whole image. So the method mainly consists of two parts: one part is the dense feature point matching, and the other is the faced based differential registration. The matching algorithm integrates the feature point matching, relaxation optimization technique, the Least Square Matching, the coarse-to-fine strategy, and it can provide hundreds of thousands of reliable and accurate control points. With the TIN, these points divide the image into a lot of small triangles. For each triangle, we can assume the local distortion is simple and can be depicted by the affine transformation function. Finally, faced based differential registration is performed to resample the slave image. Experiments have been carried out and satisfactory results have been obtained.
INEXPERT REFRACTION (1932)

The eye is defined very simply as "the organ of vision" (Century Dictionary, p. 2103). A number of secondary definitions are given, merely amplifying or extending the first. Is it presumptuous to begin a paper to be presented before the most representative group of American ophthalmologists with a statement so axiomatic? If so, we crave forgiveness. Recalling our undergraduate years and those immediately following, when we were first putting to practical use the concepts of medicine and surgery acquired in the laboratories and clinics, that which preeminently claimed our interest and attention was the means of restoring the sick patient to health. We were aware that a malady might, through the creation of toxic products, seriously interfere with the normal activities of certain organs, e. g., the impaired function of the kidney in scarlet fever or the development of myocardial changes in the course of diphtheria. Therapeutic indications were clear;
FPGA implementation of a Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) system for slope monitoring applications (2010)

A compact Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) system was designed and implemented on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The implementation features potential reconfigurability and reprogrammability of important parameters such as pulse shape, pulse width, pulse repetition frequency, and sampling rate. Furthermore, the digital implementation minimizes the need for external analog components. Experimental results of the initial prototype were able to achieve a pulse width of 6.25 ns corresponding to a resolution of 6.67 ns/m in a free space filled cable. We showed that the performance of the system is limited by the conversion rate of the DAC and the maximum clock frequency of the FPGA. However, with advances in FPGAs, ADCs and DACs, this implementation shows tremendous promise in achieving a reconfigurable, flexible, and compact TDR system for slope monitoring.
Hypergastrinemia as a Cause of Chromogranin A Increase in Blood in Patients Suspected to Have Neuroendocrine Tumor (2001)

We conclude that determination of gastrin in blood in patients with CgA elevation will increase the utility of CgA in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors.
The frequency of hemochromatosis-associated alleles is increased in British patients with sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda (1997)

The cause of the hepatic siderosis and iron overload that is common in porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is uncertain. Heterozygosity for genetic hemochromatosis has been supported by some studies of the association between the HLA-A3 antigen and porphyria cutanea tarda but not by others. The hemochromatosis gene is now believed to be located telomeric to HLA-A3 and close to the DNA microsatellite marker D6S1260. We have used this and other microsatellite markers, which together define an ancestral haplotype that is strongly linked to hemochromatosis, to reinvestigate the relationship between these disorders in 41 British patients with sporadic PCT. Fifteen patients carried the hemochromatosis-associated alleles D6S265-1 and D6S105-8. Four of these were homozygous for the ancestral haplotype D6S265-1: D6S105-8: D6S1260-4. We estimate that approximately 37% of British patients with sporadic PCT carry at least one hemochromatosis gene compared with 10% of the general population.
Mannitol for acute traumatic brain injury (2007)

Mannitol therapy for raised ICP may have a beneficial effect on mortality when compared to pentobarbital treatment, but may have a detrimental effect on mortality when compared to hypertonic saline. ICP-directed treatment shows a small beneficial effect compared to treatment directed by neurological signs and physiological indicators. There are insufficient data on the effectiveness of pre-hospital administration of mannitol.
Capacity allocation with competitive retailers (2006)

This paper addresses a problem in supply chain management that how scarce resources can be efficiently allocated among competing interests. We present a formal model of allocation mechanisms for such settings that a supplier with limited production capacity allocates its products to a set of competitive retailers. In contrary to the existing allocation mechanisms in which retailers are local monopolists, the new model exhibits much more complicated market behaviors. We show that the widely-used proportional allocation mechanism is no longer necessarily Pareto optimal, even if all retailers are in a symmetric situation. A necessary and sufficient condition for the proportional allocation to be Pareto optimal is given. We propose a truth-inducing allocation mechanism based on our capacity allocation model, which is more intuitive and applicable than the existing truth-inducing mechanisms.
Simultaneous high-speed and long-range imaging with optically subsampled OCT(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Current implementations of OCT can either image over long depth ranges with slower imaging speeds, or at high imaging speeds with more limited depth ranges. The simultaneous operation at multi-centimeter depth ranges and MHz-scale A-line rates is challenging due to limitations in the electronic bandwidths of current digitizers and data transfer buses. The lack of multi-cm depth range, MHz-speed OCT hinders the translation of the imaging technology to sites and organs with complex geometries and expansive fields. Here we describe a first demonstration of a simultaneous cm-scale depth range and MHz-scale A-line rate OCT platform. We describe the principles behind data compression by optically subsampled OCT, the development and performance of a novel subsampled OCT wavelength stepped source operating at 19 MHz A-line rates, the extension of passive quadrature demodulation architectures to GHz-scale acquisition bandwidths, and the first ever integration of these technologies into a subsampled OCT system capable of acquiring volume data at video-rates across multi-cm depth ranges. We use this platform to demonstrate depth resolved measurements over large fields that exhibit complex topography such as the face. The performance, limitations, and the next stages of technical development for this optically subsampled OCT platform are summarized. This platform may open new opportunities for camera-like OCT deployments in sites and organs that are inaccessible to current OCT technologies.
A SNP uncoupling Mina expression from the TGFβ signaling pathway (2017)

Our results demonstrate the TGFβ signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating Mina expression and SNP rs4191790 controls heritable variation in Mina expression level, raising important questions regarding the evolution of an allele that uncouples Mina expression from the TGFβ signaling pathway.
Multi-resolution parallel integral projection for fast localization of a straight electrode in 3D ultrasound images (2008)

We address the problem of fast and accurate localization of miniature surgical instruments like needles or electrodes using 3D ultrasound (US). An algorithm based on maximizing a Parallel Integral Transform (PIP) can automatically localize line-shaped objects in 3D US images with accuracy on the order of hundreds of micrometers. Here we propose to use a multi-resolution to accelerate the algorithm significantly. We use a maximum function for downsampling to preserve the high intensity voxels of a thin electrode. We integrate the multi-resolution pyramid into a hierarchicalmesh-grid search of PIP. The experiments with a tissue mimicking phantom and breast biopsy data show that proposed method works well on real US images. The speed-up is threefold compared to original PIP method with the same accuracy 0.4 mm. A further speed-up up to 16 times is reached by an early stopping of the optimization, at the expense of some loss of accuracy.
Augmentation of natural immune response by orally administered cytokines expressed in transgenic plants (2002)

Cytokines playa major role in the homeostatic maintenance of the mucosal immune system where foreign antigens including several infectious agents are encountered for initiation of immune response.It is therefore
<title>X-shape optical fiber pressure sensor constituted by a single-mode optical fiber directional coupler with a reflecting end face</title> (1996)

An X-shape optical fiber pressure sensor has been proposed. The sensor is constituted by a single mode optical fiber directional coupler, at one output end of which a layer of Al-film is evaporated. The output fiber with Al-film covered end serves as a sensing element and self-reference arm as well, and the other to monitor the instability of light source. One of two input ends of the directional coupler acts as an input end of the sensor, another as an output end of the return light signal from the Al-covered output end of the coupler. In principle, the sensor is based on polarization interference caused by transverse pressure. From the normalized intensity of the output light beam and its rotation angle, the pressure can be determined, ranging from 0 to 120,000 dyne/cm.
Model-Based Function Call Code Generation and Stack Management in Retargetable Compilers: Application Binary Interface Modeling of Stack Layout and Function Call Sequence (2015)

This paper presents a way of modeling the application binary interface aspects related to stack layout and function call sequence in the context of code generation and stack management for retargetable compilers (implementation and targeting for new architectures). This paper tries to present a model of stack layout and function call sequences as solution for the problem of efficient code generation related to function calls and stack management without compiler redesign in the context of efficient, architecture specific, non-standardized application binary interfaces. The proposed solution is centered toward the application binary interface model with four components (for description of stack layout, function call scenario, save / restore information around function calls, parameter passing convention) and three methods using this ABI model that are integrated in the retargetable compiler flow (the code generation for prologue / epilogue sequences, the code generation for function calls and parameter passing and the stack management).
Bit Cost Scalable (BiCS) Flash Technology for Future Ultra High Density Storage Devices (2009)

We've proposed Bit Cost Scalable (BiCS) technology which realizes a 3D multi-stacked memory array with a few critical lithography steps regardless of number of stacked layers to keep a drastically continuous reduction of bit cost. The cell array concept, fabrication process, and key features are presented.
An α‐E‐catenin (<i><scp>CTNNA1</scp></i>) mutation in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (2012)

Diffuse gastric cancers typically present as late-stage tumours and, as a result, the 5 year survival rate is poor. Some gastric cancers are hereditary and these tend to be of the diffuse type; 30-40% of hereditary diffuse gastric cancers (HDGCs) can be explained by defective germline alleles of E-cadherin (CDH1), but for the remaining families the factors driving susceptibility remain unknown. We had access to a large HDGC pedigree with no obvious mutation in CDH1, and applied exome sequencing to identify new genes involved in gastric cancer. We identified a germline truncating allele of α-E-catenin (CTNNA1) that was present in two family members with invasive diffuse gastric cancer and four in which intramucosal signet ring cells were detected as part of endoscopic surveillance. The remaining CTNNA1 allele was silenced in the two diffuse gastric cancers from the family that were available for screening, and this was also true for signet ring cells identified in endoscopic biopsies. Since α-E-catenin functions in the same complex as E-cadherin, our results call attention to the broader signalling network surrounding these proteins in HDGC. We also detected somatic mutations in one tumour and found substantial overlap with genes mutated in sporadic gastric cancer, including PIK3CA, ARID1A, MED12 and MED23.
Mutagenesis with Degenerate Oligonucleotides: Creating Numerous Mutations in a Small <scp>DNA</scp> Sequence (1999)

The procedure described in this unit is an efficient method for using the products of a single oligonucleotide synthesis to create numerous mutations in a small region of DNA (20 to 80 nucleotides). Mutant oligonucleotides are generated during the organic synthesis reaction by including low concentrations of the three non-wild-type nucleotide precursors with the wild-type precursor at each step of the synthesis. The product of such a DNA synthesis is a degenerate oligonucleotide, i.e., a complex mixture of related molecules, each of which has a defined probability of being altered from the wild-type sequence. The frequencies and types of zero, single, double, and higher order mutations can be set simply by choosing the appropriate amounts of non-wild-type precursors at each step of nucleotide addition during the synthesis.
Mutations at codon position 1999 of acetyl‐<scp>CoA</scp> carboxylase confer resistance to <scp>ACCase</scp>‐inhibiting herbicides in Japanese foxtail (<i>Alopecurus japonicus</i>) (2014)

This study revealed that A. japonicus had multiple copies of genes encoding plastidic ACCase, and each gene was able to carry its own mutation. It also established the clear importance of the W1999C and W1999L mutations in conferring resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides.
A sequence similarity search algorithm based on a probabilistic interpretation of an alignment scoring system. (1996)

We present a probabilistic interpretation of local sequence alignment methods where the alignment scoring system (ASS) plays the role of a stochastic process defining a probability distribution over all sequence pairs. An explicit algorithms is given to compute the probability of two sequences given and ASS. Based on this definition, a modified version of the Smith-Waterman local similarity search algorithm has been devised, which assesses sequence relationships by log likelihood ratios. When tested on classical examples such as globins or G-protein-coupled receptors, the new method proved to be up to an order of magnitude more sensitive than the native Smith-Waterman algorithm.
Collagen-Binding Integrins as Pharmaceutical Targets (2005)

In recent years, our understanding of the molecular interaction of collagens with their cognate integrin receptors has remarkably improved. Structural elucidations of both the integrin and the collagenous triple helix have contributed to this achievement. The structures of an entire integrin ectodomain and of an A-domain, which is unique to the integrin alpha subunits of collagen-binding and leukocyte integrins, have been resolved crystallographically. Furthermore, a complex of such an integrin alpha subunit A-domain with its collagenous binding partner has revealed their interaction on the molecular level and gave first evidence in the conformational alterations which may convey the signal of ligand occupancy through the integrin into the cells. In parallel, the tissue distribution and biological functions of collagen-binding integrins have been characterised. Nowadays, the contribution of distinct integrins to different physiological and pathological processes is known. Among the best studied examples is the collagen-induced platelet activation and aggregation, in which alpha2beta1 integrin is involved. Together with alpha1beta1 integrin, it also plays a role in inflammatory processes. To manipulate processes which are mediated by collagen-binding integrins, compounds are developed which mimic the collagen ligand. Not only the structural information of the integrin:collagen-interaction but also improvements in the chemical synthesis of a collagenous triple helix facilitate the development of agonists and antagonists of collagen-binding integrins. Furthermore, another impact in this search comes from the discovery of high-affinity inhibitors from venoms, which lack a collagenous triple-helix.
<i>MYO1E</i>Mutations and Childhood Familial Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (2011)

MYO1E mutations are associated with childhood-onset, glucocorticoid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Our data provide evidence of a role of Myo1E in podocyte function and the consequent integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier.