gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of MUC13 is associated with intestinal‐type gastric cancer (2005)

Mucins are secreted or transmembrane glycoproteins that are expressed mainly in the digestive tract. This family of proteins has been the focus of much gastric cancer research as some transmembrane mucins are implicated in tumorigenesis and make attractive targets for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Mucins have also been utilized to classify gastric cancer by differentiating between gastric and intestinal phenotypes. Here we show that transmembrane mucin MUC13 is upregulated in gastric cancer. By quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analysis, overexpression of MUC13 was verified in more than half of the samples examined. In immunohistochemical analysis, MUC13 staining was observed in 74 of 114 cases of gastric cancer (64.9%), predominantly in intestinal type (P < 0.001), and in 9 of 10 cases of intestinal metaplasia, precancerous lesions of intestinal-type gastric cancer, but not observed in normal gastric mucosa. Moreover, MUC13 staining patterns characteristic of histological type were identified: staining was on the apical side of tubular glands in intestinal type and on the cytoplasm in diffuse type. These results suggest that MUC13 is a good differentiation marker for gastrointestinal mucosa and that it may have a causal role that correlates with two distinct gastric tumorigenesis pathways.
Role of absorbing defects in laser damage to transparent polymers (1980)

Investigations were made of laser damage to transparent polymers using a typical example of this classmdash;polymethylmethacrylate. A study was made of the damage threshold as a function of the degree of purity of the initial monomers, radiation frequency, dimensions of illuminated zone, and laser pulse duration. The threshold statistics, damage morphology, and cumulative effect were also investigated. This set of experimental investigations made it possible to draw well-founded conclusions on the role of absorbing defects in laser damage.
Revisiting Dielectric Logging in Saudi Arabia: Recent Experiences and Applications in Development and Exploration Wells (2011)

Abstract Dielectric logging was introduced in late 70s to mostly measure water filled porosity in the flushed zone independent of water salinity and Archie exponents m and n. Although the technology generated a lot of interest upon its introduction, it eventually disappeared over the years, mostly due to moderate accuracy of the early devices, oversimplified interpretation models and other hardware related complications. Results from extensive field testing of a new generation of dielectric wireline tools indicate that robust and reliable dielectric logging is now feasible in a wide range of environmental conditions and formations. Benchmarking of dielectric measurements against other logs and core data has shown that water-filled porosity can be measured accurately using dielectric logging tools, provided the matrix mineralogy is well defined. Consequently, the technology has gained rapid acceptance in applications involving flushed zone water saturation in environments with variable or unknown salinity, heavy oil identification, and discrimination of non-reservoir rock with high organic content. Dielectric logging is gradually replacing NMR Log-Inject-Log for residual/remaining oil saturation (ROS) measurement, especially in the situations where connate and injected water salinities can be vastly different. Due to the success in ROS applications, most of the recent testing has been focused towards carbonates drilled with water-based-mud. This technology is also being tested in shaly sands and in wells drilled with oil based mud at present. Additional work is underway to accurately characterize dielectric properties of carbonates so as to be able to perform quantitative textural analysis. In shaly sands, high resolution clay volumes and thin bed analysis are challenges that will be addressed in the future.
Heterogeneous, Three-Dimensional Texturing of Graphene (2015)

We report a single-step strategy to achieve heterogeneous, three-dimensional (3D) texturing of graphene and graphite by using a thermally activated shape-memory polymer substrate. Uniform arrays of graphene crumples can be created on the centimeter scale by controlling simple thermal processing parameters without compromising the electrical properties of graphene. In addition, we show the capability to selectively pattern crumples from otherwise flat graphene and graphene/graphite in a localized manner, which has not been previously achievable using other methods. Finally, we demonstrate 3D crumpled graphene field-effect transistor arrays in a solution-gated configuration. The presented approach has the capability to conform onto arbitrary 3D surfaces, a necessary prerequisite for adaptive electronics, and will enable facile large-scale topography engineering of not only graphene but also other thin-film and 2D materials in the future.
Renal deposition of alpha interferon in systemic lupus erythematosus (1983)

Earlier studies from several laboratories showed that interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is present in the sera of a large percentage of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We now report the detection of IFN-alpha by indirect immunofluorescence in renal sections of three patients with SLE but not in six control kidneys. The immunofluorescence reaction was mediated by three hyperimmune antisera to IFN-alpha raised in three different species, but not by any preimmune serum. The reaction was specifically blocked by absorption of the anti-IFN-alpha sera with purified IFN-alpha made by recombinant DNA techniques or with IFN-alpha isolated from the serum of an SLE patient, but not by bovine serum albumin or human immunoglobulin G. In contrast, antisera to IFN-beta or IFN-gamma did not mediate immunofluorescence. The pattern of IFN-alpha deposition resembled that seen with anti-human immunoglobulin G, suggesting association with immune complexes. Immune complexes were then preparatively eluted from the homogenate of an SLE kidney by treatment with buffer at pH 2.8. Biologically active IFN was found in this eluate and was demonstrated to be IFN-alpha by specific neutralization with IFN antisera. These results extend the specific association of IFN-alpha with SLE.
Drive nonlinearities: their effects in Fourier spectroscopy (1977)

Presented is a comprehensive analysis of spectrum errors due to drive nonlinearities in a Michelson interferometer. The fringe-reference sampling case is treated for both repeatable and random nonlinearities. Partial results are given for the equal-time sampling case. The derived equations for the actual (or mean-square) spectrum error can be evaluated numerically for any choice of drive speed variation (or its power spectrum), input radiation spectrum, apodizing function, and filter response characteristic. Closed form solutions are obtained for special cases to show qualitative features of the spectrum error and to establish bounds on its magnitude. It is shown that when fringe-reference sampling is used with a filter having minimal distortion, the relative rms random error in the measured intensity of spectrum lines is typically of the same order as the rms, relative error in drive speed if the resolving power is about five times greater than needed to just resolve the lines and that this error varies as the square root of the resolved spectral interval.
Linear Electric Generators (1997)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Effects of grain size on development of athermal and strain induced ɛ martensite in Co–Cr–Mo implant alloy (1999)

AbstractIn the present work, the development of athermal ɛ martensite during quenching of a low carbon Co–Cr–Mo alloy was investigated as a function of the grain size. In addition, a strain induced transformation (SIT) from fcc to hcp was exhibited during compressive plastic straining. It was found that grain size exerts a strong influence on the resultant volume fractions of athermal and strain induced ɛ martensite. In particular, fine grain sizes inhibit the formation of athermal martensite while promoting appreciable volume fractions of ɛ martensite through the SIT mechanism. Moreover, X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that in 10 μm grained structures the volume fraction of strain induced ɛ martensite reaches a saturation level of approximately 0·65 just before compressive fracture. In contrast, increasing grain sizes result in the formation of up to 0·9 volume fraction of SIT martensite. Moreover, the alloy yield strength was found to decrease down to 592 MPa (approximately half the yield strength of the as received alloy). Annealing gave rise to appreciable improvements in the compressive strength (242 MPa) and ductility (0·41) when compared with the as received alloy (2141 MPa and 0·295 respectively). The alloy hardness initially drops from 42 to 29 HRC as the grain sizes increase from 10 to 90 μm. A further reduction in alloy hardness did not occur for grain sizes between 90 and 324 μm. Compression straining did not have a significant effect on the exhibited hardness of the as received alloy and only a moderate effect was found in coarse grained alloys. Alloys with grain sizes of 117 μm exhibited an increase in hardness from roughly 29 to 46 HRC through compression straining up to 0·407. Probable mechanisms are considered to account for the role of grain size on the development of athermal and SIT ɛ martensite.
Structure and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance assignments of versiconal acetate, versiconol acetate, and versiconol, metabolites from cultures of Aspergillus parasiticus treated with dichlorvos (1979)

The structure of versiconal acetate, a metabolite elaborated by cultures of Aspergillus parasiticus treated with dichlorvos was investigated. 1H and 13C n.m.r. studies of versiconal acetate and its 3,6-OO-dimethyl derivative indicated that versiconal acetate exists in polar solvents such as (CD3)2SO as an equilibrium mixture of the isomers (6a–c). In (CD3)2CO solution the angular hemiacetal form (6c) was absent. Similarly, 3,6-OO-dimethyl-versiconal acetate exists in (CD3)2SO solution as the angular hemiacetal (7b) whereas in CDCl3 solution the compound is present as the branched benzylic aldehyde (7a). Two minor metabolites were identified as versiconol acetate (11) and versiconol (12).
A Human Monoclonal IgG That Binds Aβ Assemblies and Diverse Amyloids Exhibits Anti-Amyloid Activities<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i> (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and familial Danish dementia (FDD) are degenerative neurological diseases characterized by amyloid pathology. Normal human sera contain IgG antibodies that specifically bind diverse preamyloid and amyloid proteins and have shown therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo. We cloned one of these antibodies, 3H3, from memory B cells of a healthy individual using a hybridoma method. 3H3 is an affinity-matured IgG that binds a pan-amyloid epitope, recognizing both Aβ and λ Ig light chain (LC) amyloids, which are associated with AD and primary amyloidosis, respectively. The pan-amyloid-binding properties of 3H3 were demonstrated using ELISA, immunohistochemical studies, and competition binding assays. Functional studies showed that 3H3 inhibits both Aβ and LC amyloid formation in vitro and abrogates disruption of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by AD-patient-derived soluble Aβ in vivo. A 3H3 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) retained the binding specificity of the 3H3 IgG and, when expressed in the brains of transgenic mice using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector, decreased parenchymal Aβ amyloid deposition in TgCRND8 mice and ADan (Danish Amyloid) cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the mouse model of FDD. These data indicate that naturally occurring human IgGs can recognize a conformational, amyloid-specific epitope and have potent anti-amyloid activities, providing a rationale to test their potential as antibody therapeutics for diverse neurological and other amyloid diseases.
Performance Analysis of Flash Translation Layer using TPC-C Benchmark (2008)

The flash memory is widely used as a main storage of embedded devices. It is adopted as a storage of database as growing the capacity of the flash memory. We run TPC-C benchmark on various FTL algorithms. But, the database shows poor performance on flash memory because the characteristic of I/O requests is full random. In this paper, we show the performance of all existing FTL algorithms is very poor. Especially, the FTL algorithm known as good at small mobile equipment shows worst performance. In addition, the chip-inter leaving which is a technique to improve the performance of the flash memory doesn't work well. In this paper, we inform you the reason that we need a new FTL algorithm and the direction for the database in the future.
Transcription factor complex formation and chromatin fine structure alterations at the murine c-fms (CSF-1 receptor) locus during maturation of myeloid precursor cells (2002)

Expression of the gene for the macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R), c-fms, has been viewed as a hallmark of the commitment of multipotent precursor cells to macrophages. Lineage-restricted expression of the gene is controlled by conserved elements in the proximal promoter and within the first intron. To investigate the developmental regulation of c-fms at the level of chromatin structure, we developed an in vitro system to examine the maturation of multipotent myeloid precursor cells into mature macrophages. The dynamics of chromatin fine structure alterations and transcription factor occupancy at the c-fms promoter and intronic enhancer was examined by in vivo DMS and UV-footprinting. We show that the c-fms gene is already transcribed at low levels in early myeloid precursors on which no CSF-1R surface expression can be detected. At this stage of myelopoiesis, the formation of transcription factor complexes on the promoter was complete. By contrast, occupancy of the enhancer was acutely regulated during macrophage differentiation. Our data show that cell-intrinsic differentiation decisions at the c-fms locus precede the appearance of c-fms on the cell surface. They also suggest that complex lineage-specific enhancers such as the c-fms intronic enhancer regulate local chromatin structure through the coordinated assembly and disassembly of distinct transcription factor complexes.
Soluble and membrane-associated human low-affinity adenosine binding protein (adenotin): properties and homology with mammalian and avian stress proteins (1990)

A low-affinity adenosine binding protein has recently been distinguished from the adenosine A2 receptor and purified from human placental membranes. Soluble human placental extracts contain an adenosine binding activity that has properties similar to those of the membrane low-affinity adenosine binding protein. The binding protein was purified from soluble human placental extracts 134-fold to 89% purity with a Bmax of 2.5 nmol/mg. It comprises 0.7-0.9% of the soluble protein. The major purified soluble protein has a subunit molecular mass of 98 kDa and a Stokes radius identical with that of the membrane-bound adenosine binding protein. Competition analysis of the soluble protein revealed similar affinities and an identical potency order for displacement of 5'-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)[2,8-3H]adenosine ([3H]NECA) as follows: NECA greater than 2-chloroadenosine greater than adenosine greater than (R)-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine. The soluble binding protein was more acidic than the membrane binding protein as revealed by a comparison of the elution properties during ion exchange chromatography. A second form of soluble adenosine binding activity comprised 17% of the major form and had a charge similar to that of the membrane binding protein, a smaller Stokes radius, and a subunit molecular mass of 74 kDa. Carbohydrate composition analysis revealed that the major soluble form has 4.3% carbohydrate by weight as compared to the membrane-associated form, which has 5.5% carbohydrate by weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Simulation of Recombinant Lead‐Acid Batteries (1997)

Modeling of recombinant lead‐acid batteries is extended to improve the description of oxygen generation and recombination and to introduce limited rates of transport of ions on charge as well as hydrogen generation and recombination. A simple, lumped‐parameter model is deemed to be adequate to treat system behavior at low rates of charge. The oxygen recombination can be treated as either chemical or electrochemical, and this issue should not be considered to be completely resolved. Model results are compared with experimental results from the literature for cell potential and pressure for several charging rates and extended to the case where the rate is increased or decreased after the battery has been fully charged.
Experiments on the Synthesis of dl-Camptothecin. III. Total Synthesis of dl-Camptothecin (1974)

dl-Camptothecin (XXX) and two epimeric N-formyl-1, 2, 6, 7-tetrahydrocamptothecins (XXIIIa, b) have been synthesized from 3-oxo-1H-pyrrolo [3, 4-b] quinoline IIIa by using following two key reactions. 1) An intramolecular aldol condensation of the imido-ester (VIIIb→IXb). 2) Vilsmeier reaction on a 4-methoxy-2-pyridone ring (XVIb→XVII) followed by nucleophilic attack of a malonate carbanion onto the formyl-pyridone ring (XVII→XVIII).
Decreasing Membrane Degradation through Heteropolyacid Sub-layers (2012)

Heteropolyacids (HPAs) were adsorbed onto high surface area carbon, and incorporated in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) between the electrodes and membrane, forming "sub-layers." The addition of HPAs to these sub-layers significantly decreased membrane degradation in cells subjected to accelerated stress tests, as evidenced by a 50% reduction in fluoride emission rate (FER) and open circuit voltage (OCV) decay. Evidence of increased HPA and platinum concentration within the sub-layer indicates substantial HPA mobility. Modeling of the voltage profile through the sub-layer and membrane indicated that platinum precipitation was possible within the sub-layer, and that this is dependent on both the reduction potential and concentration of the HPA. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.017302jes] All rights reserved.
A QoS Guaranteed Technique for Cloud Applications Based on Software Defined Networking (2017)

Due to the centralized control, network-wide monitoring and flow-level scheduling of software-defined-networking (SDN), it can be utilized to achieve quality of service (QoS) for cloud applications and services, such as voice over IP, video conference, and online games. However, most existing approaches stay at the QoS framework design and test level, while few works focus on studying the basic QoS techniques supported by SDN. In this paper, we enable SDN with QoS guaranteed abilities, which could provide end-to-end QoS routing for each cloud user service. First of all, we implement an application identification technique on SDN controller to determine required QoS levels for each application type. Then, we implement a queue scheduling technique on SDN switch. It queues the application flows into different queues and schedules the flows out of the queues with different priorities. At last, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed SDN-based QoS technique through both theoretical and experimental analysis. Theoretical analysis shows that our methods can provide differentiated services for the application flows mapped to different QoS levels. Experiment results show that when the output interface has sufficiently available bandwidth, the delay can be reduced by 28% on average. In addition, for the application flow with the highest priority, our methods can reduce 99.99% delay and increase 90.17% throughput on average when the output interface utilization approaches to the maximum bandwidth limitation.
Analysis of Complex Survey Samples (2004)

I present software for analysing complex survey samples in R. The sampling scheme can be explicitly described or represented by replication weights. Variance estimation uses either replication or linearisation.
Far-infrared polarimeter with very low instrumental polarization (2003)

After a short analysis of the main problems involved in the construction of a Far Infrared polarimeter with very low instrumental noise, we describe the instrument that will be employed at MITO telescope to search for calibration sources and investigate polarization near the CMB anisotropy peaks in the next campaign (Winter 2002-03).
An imaging technique using rotational polarization microscopy for the microstructure analysis of carbon/carbon composites (2011)

A novel image analysis technique was proposed for microstructure investigation of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites. The rotational polarization microscopy was developed to meet the special imaging requirements. The samples of C/C composites were observed in reflection polarized light microscope, where the analyzer was rotated instead of the stage, and the polarizer was taken out. The bireflectance of like-graphite negative uniaxial crystal was analyzed. It was the theoretic foundation of image collection and data processing. The analyzer was rotated through 36 × 10° intervals without any movement of the specimen. The polished cross-section of C/C composites took micrographs at each analyzer orientation. All image data collected from the same field of view were processed by image registration and image fusion. The synthesized images were obtained by calculating the maximum and minimum gray values and their differences at each point of the million pixels at 18 orientations of the analyzer. They are unique and quite reliable to be applied to analyze the microstructure of C/C composites. Subsequently, image segmentation was performed, and the feature parameters of each component were calculated. Good agreement was found between the results from image analysis and experimental data.
Multi-level logic minimization using implicit don't cares (1988)

An approach is described for the minimization of multilevel logic circuits. A multilevel representation of a block of combinational logic is defined, called a Boolean network. A procedure is then proposed, called ESPRESSOMLD, to transform a given Boolean network into a prime, irredundant, and R-minimal form. This procedure rests on the extension of the notions of primality and irredundancy, previously used only for two-level logic minimization, to combinational multilevel logic circuits. The authors introduce the concept of R-minimality, which implies minimality with respect to cube reshaping, and demonstrate the crucial role played by this concept in multilevel minimization. Theorems are given that prove the correctness of the proposed procedure. Finally, it is shown that prime and irredundant multilevel logic circuits are 100% testable for input and output single-stuck faults, and that these tests are provided as a byproduct of the minimization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spectral Clustering and Kernel PCA are Learning Eigenfunctions (2004)

Dans cet article, on montre une équivalence directe entre la classification spectrale et l'ACP à noyau, et on montre que les deux sont des cas particuliers d'un problème plus général, celui d'apprendre les fonctions propres d'un noyau. Ces fonctions fournissent une base pour un espace de Hilbert dont le produit scalaire est défini par rapport à la densité des données. Les fonctions propres définissent une transformation de coordonnées naturelles pour de nouveaux points, alors que des méthodes comme la classification spectrale et les 'Laplacian eigenmaps' ne fournissaient un système de coordonnées que pour les exemples d'apprentissage. Cette analyse suggère aussi de nouvelles approches à l'apprentissage non-supervisé dans lesquelles on extrait des abstractions qui résument la densité des données, telles que des variétés et des classes naturelles.