gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Architecture on the Phase Behavior of AB-Type Block Copolymer Melts (2012)

Equilibrium phase diagrams are calculated for a selection of two-component block copolymer architectures using self-consistent field theory (SCFT). The topology of the phase diagrams is relatively unaffected by differences in architecture, but the phase boundaries shift significantly in composition. The shifts are consistent with the decomposition of architectures into constituent units as proposed by Gido and co-workers, but there are significant quantitative deviations from this principle in the intermediate-segregation regime. Although the complex phase windows continue to be dominated by the gyroid (G) phase, the regions of the newly discovered Fddd (O70) phase become appreciable for certain architectures and the perforated-lamellar (PL) phase becomes stable when the complex phase windows shift toward high compositional asymmetry.
Cross section for 3<i>s</i>ionization in argon by electron impact (1988)

The ionization cross section for 3s electrons in argon has been determined for impact energies between the threshold and 1 keV, by observation of the vacuum-ultraviolet emission lines originating from the 3s3${\mathit{p}}^{6}$ $^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3${\mathit{s}}^{2}$3${\mathit{p}}^{5}$ $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$${,}_{3/2}$ transitions in argon ions produced by electron impact. The cross section of the argon 1067-A\r{} resonance line, measured by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, is adopted as the normalization standard. The maximum of the 3s-ionization cross section is 6.27\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 46 eV impact energy. A double-peaked structure is demonstrated very clearly in the ionization-function curve. The error in the cross section is estimated to be 21%, including the error in the normalization standard. Comparisons of the present results are made with previous measurements and with theoretical results.
Cardiac tamponade. (1990)

Hemodynamic abnormalities induced by pericardial effusion can be categorized by stages. During phase I, pericardial and left and right ventricular pressures are elevated but not equilibrated, and cardiac output is not compromised. During phase II, elevated pericardial and right ventricular filling pressures are equilibrated with each other but not with left ventricular filling pressure, which is higher. Cardiac output is compromised, and pulsus paradoxus is present in most but not all patients. During phase III, elevated pericardial right ventricular and left ventricular filling pressures are equilibrated, cardiac output is severely compromised, and pulsus paradoxus is present in all patients.
Expectoration Disturbances and Bronchial Obstruction (1991)

in patients with NOB, Texp measured with the Hb technique was 31.4 +/- 4.3 h and with the powdered indicator 30.0 +/- 10.3 h. In healthy volunteers, the presence of hem-containing substances in sputum after 36 h was not found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of optical feedback on laser frequency spectrum and threshold conditions (1983)

The steady state behavior of the external cavity operated laser has been analyzed, taking into account multiple reflections. The effect of optical feedback is included in the phase- and gain-conditions by a factor which is shown to have a simple geometrical representation. From this representation it is easily seen how the laser frequency spectrum and the threshold gain depend on external parameters such as distance to the reflection point and the amount of optical feedback. Furthermore, by inserting a variable attenuator in the external cavity and measuring the threshold current versus transmittance we have simultaneously determined the photon lifetime and the absolute amount of optical feedback. For the laser considered we found the photon lifetime <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\tau_{p} = 1.55</tex> ps.
A rule network for efficient implementation of a mixed-initiative reasoning scheme (1989)

MIDST (Mixed Inferencing Dempster Shafer Tool) is a rule-based expert system shell that incorporates mixed-initiative reasoning and uncertain reasoning based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence combination scheme. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a rule network for MIDST that facilitates an efficient implementation of the mixed-initiative reasoning scheme.
An intermolecular potential model for the simulation of ice and water near the melting point: A six-site model of H2O (2003)

An intermolecular potential model of H2O with six interaction sites is proposed. The model is developed for the simulation of ice and water near the melting point. Parameters in the potential are determined to reproduce the real melting point of ice, and densities of ice and water near the melting point, which are predicted by calculating derivatives of the free energies and volumes of ice and water against potential parameters. Free energy calculations are carried out for several ice structures and water, and the results are compared with those obtained in four- and five-site models, which are currently in use. It is shown that, only in the present six-site model, the proton-disordered hexagonal ice is the stable structure at the melting point, as in real ice. The melting point of the proton-disordered hexagonal ice at 1 atm is estimated to be 271±9 K in the present model, which is in good agreement with the real melting point of 273.15 K. Moreover, results of Monte Carlo simulations of ice and water show that the present six-site model reproduces well the real structural and thermodynamic properties of ice and water near the melting point.
Telemedical diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity: accuracy of expert versus non-expert graders (2009)

Mean sensitivity and specificity of trained non-experts were lower than that of experts, although several non-experts had high accuracy. Development of methods for training non-expert graders may help support telemedical ROP evaluation.
Range-Doppler domain signal processing to mitigate wind turbine clutter (2011)

Wind turbines produce clutter signals that can bias estimates of the spectral moments and polarimetric variables of weather signals. These biases can propagate to and negatively influence the output of automatic algorithms, such as severe weather detection and quantitative precipitation estimates. Moreover, existing ground clutter filters are ineffective at removing wind turbine clutter (WTC) contamination because the moving components of the wind turbine produce clutter signals with non-zero Doppler frequency shifts. As the first step in any mitigation scheme, an automatic WTC detection algorithm is necessary and was recently developed by University of Oklahoma and National Severe Storm Laboratory scientists. After successfully detecting the presence of WTC, the goal is to devise signal processing algorithms that mitigate this contamination so that the weather signal can be recovered and used to estimate the spectral moments and polarimetric variables. However, WTC is inherently non-stationary due to the moving wind turbine blades, which makes frequency-domain-filtering based clutter mitigation methods ineffective. In this work, we propose a new signal processing technique to separate the WTC from the weather signal in the range-Doppler domain. This technique exploits the different spatial and spectral characteristics of WTC and weather signals. Real weather signals and WTC data are used to test the effectiveness of the mitigation scheme.
Effect of calcium ion concentration on the permeability of the corneal endothelium. (1990)

The effect of free Ca2+ ion concentration on the integrity of the barrier function of the corneal endothelium was studied using the endothelial permeability to carboxyfluorescein (Pac) as a quantitative index according to the method of Araie. Paired rabbit corneas were isolated and mounted in a chamber. To serve as a control, one eye of each pair was perfused with a glucose-glutathione-bicarbonate solution at a Ca2+ concentration of 1.1 mEq, the other with a solution at various Ca2+ concentrations ranging from 0.23-1.1 mEq. The Pac ratio of a solution with a Ca2+ concentration of 0.38 mEq or higher to the control solution was close to unity, and the Pac ratio of a solution with a Ca2+ concentration of 0.33 mEq or lower to the control solution was significantly greater than unity. In a separate experiment, it was found that only slight swelling was seen when a solution with a Ca2+ concentration of 0.23 mEq or higher was used; significant swelling was seen with a solution of a Ca2+ concentration of 0.17 mEq or lower. The lowest free Ca2+ concentration needed for maintaining the barrier function of the corneal endothelium, 0.38 mEq, was found to be higher than that needed for maintaining the corneal thickness, 0.23 mEq.
Measurement of the Vortex Pair Interaction Potential in a Type-II Superconductor (1998)

We describe the first direct measurement of the pair interaction potential for magnetic flux lines in a type-II superconductor. Our approach relies on a quantitative analysis of Lorentz microscope images of vortices creeping through a superconducting thin film. Time-resolved vortex distributions imaged in this way reflect both the vortices' mutual interaction and also the influence of random pinning forces. These influences are isolated and quantified by adapting results from the theory of simple liquids.
Chip-scale atomic magnetometer (2006)

We report recent improvements on our microfabricated atom-optical magnetometer. Using a semiconductor laser and 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> alkali vapor cell, our magnetometer detects a magnetic field at 50 pT / Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> sensitivity in a 12 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> package.
Instability of the flow between rotating cylinders: the wide-gap problem (1964)

An analytical investigation is carried out to determine the conditions for instability in a viscous fluid contained between rotating coaxial cylinders of arbitrary radius ratio. A solution method is outlined and then applied to cylinders having radius ratios ranging from 0·95 to 0·1. Consideration is given to both cases wherein the cylinders are rotating in the same direction and in opposite directions. Results are reported for the Taylor numbers and wave-numbers which mark the onset of instability. The present results are also employed to delineate the range of applicability of the closed-form instability predictions of Taylor and of Meksyn, which were derived for narrow-gap conditions.
Analysis of the efficacy and toxicity of sorafenib in thyroid cancer: a phase II study in a UK based population (2011)

This study demonstrates that sorafenib is tolerable at reduced doses over prolonged periods of time in patients with thyroid cancer. Sorafenib leads to radiological and biochemical stabilisation of disease in the majority of these patients despite dose reductions.
The causal asymmetry. (2006)

It is hypothesized that there is a pervasive and fundamental bias in humans' understanding of physical causation: Once the roles of cause and effect are assigned to objects in interactions, people tend to overestimate the strength and importance of the causal object and underestimate that of the effect object in bringing about the outcome. This bias is termed the causal asymmetry. Evidence for this bias is reviewed in several domains, including visual impressions of causal relations, reasoning about Newton's third law in naive physics problems, concepts underlying linguistic expressions of causality, and research in causal judgment from contingency information. Although there might be an equivalent to the causal asymmetry in the domain of social causality, there are too many uncertainties in the evidence for conclusions to be drawn.
The Novel Azole R126638 Is a Selective Inhibitor of Ergosterol Synthesis in <i>Candida albicans</i> , <i>Trichophyton</i> spp., and <i>Microsporum canis</i> (2004)

R126638 is a novel triazole with in vitro activity similar to that of itraconazole against dermatophytes, Candida spp., and Malassezia spp. In animal models of dermatophyte infections, R126638 showed superior antifungal activity. R126638 inhibits ergosterol synthesis in Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum canis at nanomolar concentrations, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) similar to those of itraconazole. The decreased synthesis of ergosterol and the concomitant accumulation of 14 alpha-methylsterols provide indirect evidence that R126638 inhibits the activity of CYP51 that catalyzes the oxidative removal of the 14 alpha-methyl group of lanosterol or eburicol. The IC(50)s for cholesterol synthesis from acetate in human hepatoma cells were 1.4 microM for itraconazole and 3.1 microM for R126638. Compared to itraconazole (IC(50) = 3.5 microM), R126638 is a poor inhibitor of the 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (IC(50) > 10 microM). Micromolar concentrations of R126638 and itraconazole inhibited the 24-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) and the conversion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) into polar metabolites. At concentrations up to 10 microM, R126638 had almost no effect on cholesterol side chain cleavage (CYP11A1), 11 beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1), 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase (CYP17), aromatase (CYP19), or 4-hydroxylation of all-trans retinoic acid (CYP26). At 10 microM, R126638 did not show clear inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C10, CYP2C19, or CYP2E1. Compared to itraconazole, R126638 had a lower interaction potential with testosterone 6 beta hydroxylation and cyclosporine hydroxylation, both of which are catalyzed by CYP3A4, whereas both antifungals inhibited the CYP3A4-catalyzed hydroxylation of midazolam similarly. The results suggest that R126638 has promising properties and merits further in vivo investigations for the treatment of dermatophyte and yeast infections.
Constant Mass Metastructure with Vibration Absorbers of Linearly Varying Natural Frequencies (2017)

This work looks at the effectiveness of constant weight metastructures for vibration suppression. A metastructure is a structure with distributed vibration absorbers. The metastructures are compared to a baseline structure of equal mass. The equal mass constraint shows that any increase in performance is due to the addition of the vibration absorbers and not due to adding additional mass to the structure. In this paper, two different metastructure designs are compared. These structures are designed to suppress longitudinal vibrations traveling along the length of the bar. The metastructures have ten vibration absorbers distributed on the length of the bar and the ratio of mass of the absorbers to mass of the host structure is 0.26. One metastructure has all the absorbers tuned to the natural frequency of the host structure and the other metastructure uses absorbers that are tuned to frequencies that have linearly varying natural frequencies. These structures were modeled using two different methods, a one-dimensional (1D) finite element method with lumped mass vibration absorbers and a fully three-dimensional (3D) finite element model. The results show that the metastructure with linearly varying natural frequencies outperforms that metastructure with vibration absorbers tuned to a single natural frequency.
Investigating the Intrinsic Aggregation Potential of Evolutionarily Conserved Segments in p53 (2014)

Protein aggregation and amyloid formation are known to play a role both in diseases and in biological functions. Transcription factor p53 plays a major role in tumor suppression by maintaining genomic stability. Recent studies have suggested that amyloid formation of p53 could lead to its loss of physiological function as a tumor suppressor. Here, we investigated the intrinsic amyloidogenic nature of wild-type p53 using sequence analysis. We used bioinformatics and aggregation prediction algorithms to establish the evolutionarily conserved nature of aggregation-prone sequences in wild-type p53. Further, we analyzed the amyloid forming capacity of conserved and aggregation-prone p53-derived peptides PILTIITL and YFTLQI in vitro using various biophysical techniques, including all atom molecular dynamics simulation. Finally, we probed the seeding ability of the PILTIITL peptide on p53 aggregation in vitro and in cells. Our data demonstrate the intrinsic amyloid forming ability of a sequence stretch of the p53 DNA binding domain (DBD) and its aggregation templating behavior on full-length and p53 core domain. Therefore, p53 aggregation, instigated through an amyloidogenic segment in its DBD, could be a putative driving force for p53 aggregation in vivo.
Resistivity structure across the Humboldt River basin, north-central Nevada (2002)

Magnetotelluric data collected along five profiles show deep resistivity structures beneath the Battle Mountain-Eureka and Carlin gold trends in north-central Nevada, which appear consistent with tectonic breaks in the crust that possibly served as channels for hydrothermal fluids. It seems likely that gold deposits along these linear trends were, therefore, controlled by deep regional crustal fault systems.
Microchip Vertical-External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser using a concave-shaped diamond micromirror (2007)

This paper demonstrates a plano-concave microchip vertical-external cavity emitting laser (mu-VECSEL) operating at 1.05 mum. The cavity is composed of a semiconductor structure, comprising an active region grown on top of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), and a diamond heatspreader with its outer surface shaped as a spherical microlens. This stable optical cavity has a signal spot diameter of ~19.8 mum on the active region and of ~21 mum at the concave micro-mirror facet.
Novel targets of miR-30, a microRNA required for biliary development (2013)

MicroRNAs have been found to play a profound role in embryonic and post-natal development through their regulation of processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. The microRNA-30 (miR-30) family is necessary for vertebrate hepatobiliary development; however, the mechanism through which miR-30 regulates these processes is not fully understood. Here, we identify genes directly regulated by miR-30 that have been characterized as key developmental factors. The targets were confirmed via a luciferase reporter assay, following exogenous over-expression of miR-30a and miR-30c2 in cultured cells. Five novel miR-30ac2 targets were identified using this approach, all of which play crucial roles in hepatobiliary development or are involved in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.
The weighted Voronoi diagram and its applications in least-risk motion planning (2003)

The authors present a path-planning algorithm to find the least-cost path along the WVD (weighted Voronoi diagram) based on Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm, where the cost of an edge is, in this case, the risk of transversing the edge. By imposing a discrete graph over the area of interest, the authors obtain a reduction from a continuous problem to a combinatorial problem. If the start or goal position does not lie on this graph, it is retracted by either the path of shortest distance or the path of steepest descent. Unfortunately, the WVD is not connected in some cases, and they have to enforce connectivity. With a practical aim in mind, the authors give a simple and easily computed path, connecting the disconnected components by the shortest distance path or by a circular path. With suitable preprocessing, they keep the run-time cost of path planning to O(n/sup 2/ log n), including the cost of retraction of both the start and goal positions and the cost of Dijkstra's shortest path (or least-cost) algorithm. The authors demonstrate a potential application of the weighted Voronoi diagram as a heuristic in least-risk motion planning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biodegradation of the sulfonylurea herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl by the strain<i>Pseudomonas</i>sp. LW3 (2009)

The chlorimuron-ethyl-degrading bacterium LW3 was isolated from contaminated soil and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas sp. When chlorimuron-ethyl was provided as the sole nitrogen source, the degradation efficiency in liquid medium was about 81.0% after 7 days of inoculation with strain LW3. The effects of chlorimuron-ethyl concentration and temperature on biodegradation were examined. Two metabolites of degradation were analyzed by LC/MS. Based on the identified products, strain LW3 seemed to be able to degrade chlorimuron-ethyl by cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge. The inoculation of strain LW3 to chlorimuron-ethyl-treated soil resulted in a higher degradation rate than in uninoculated soil, regardless of the soil being sterilized or nonsterilized. This microbial culture has great potential for the bioremediation of soil contaminated with chlorimuron-ethyl.
Establishment and characterization of <i>in vivo</i> human tumor models in the NOD/SCID/γ<sub>c</sub><sup>null</sup> mouse (2008)

Immunodeficient mice are widely used for xenografts of human cells and tissue. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of xenograft human tumor models using engraftment of various non-hematopoietic tumors in the NOD/SCID/gamma(c) (null) mouse. For tumor models, human solid tumor tissues were serially passaged three or more times to establish tissue lines. A total of 326 fresh tumor specimens, mainly gastrointestinal and female genital tissue, were engrafted with 54 established tissue lines. The types of tissue lines varied and included tumor tissue of both epithelial and mesenchymal origin. In some cases the original surgical specimen was replaced with large mononuclear cells. In the established tumor tissue lines, differentiation and tumor structure were similar to that of the original surgical specimen. The interstitium of the xenograft tissue in the tissue lines was relatively well preserved although slightly decreased and replaced by host tissue. These results indicate that human solid tumors can be successfully engrafted into the NOD/SCID/gamma(c) (null) mouse and that tissue lines with the characteristics of the original tumors can be established. Investigators in the field of tumor research will benefit from the availability of tissue lines that allow the establishment of more relevant in vivo human tissue models.
Comparison of random test vector generation strategies (2002)

Four random test generation strategies are compared to determine their relative effectiveness: equiprobable 0s and 1s; two weighted random pattern generation algorithms; and the maximum output information entropy principle. The test generation strategies are compared at a variety of target fault coverages. Two statistically based metrics are used to evaluate the techniques: a large-sample test of the difference of means and an upper confidence limit. The two weighted random test pattern generation strategies are found to be generally superior to equiprobable 0s and 1s and maximum output entropy. For a given logic circuit, the same technique is not necessarily optimal at every fault coverage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>