gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abdominal multi-organ segmentation of dynamic PET studies using modified fuzzy clustering algorithm (2015)

In dynamic PET, to analyze functional changes or estimate physiological parameters, regions of interest (ROIs) are applied to the images to extract the underlying tissue time-activity curves (TACs). Manual delineation of ROIs is commonly performed, but is time consuming and operator dependent. Also, most semi-or automated segmentation methods proposed are based on static images. However, with dynamic PET images available, the temporal information can also be employed to differentiate different tissues. Clustering analysis has been used for the segmentation problems in dynamic PET brain studies and lesion studies, with wide applications of these methods in 3D CT and MR studies. The goal of this study was to develop a multiorgan segmentation system for abdominal dynamic PET studies. We applied a modified fuzzy clustering algorithm with spatial information incorporated (sFCM) to both simulated dynamic PET data and human data focusing on the pancreas with <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> F-FPDTBZ. With different tracer kinetics among organs, sFCM analysis successfully differentiated multiple abdominal organs, and shows promising initial segmentation results of dynamic abdominal PET studies, for both simulation and real patient data.
Rapid Development of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1991)

The fluoroquinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin, have been suggested to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and colonization and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) infections. The development of ciprofloxacin resistance in MRSA and MSSA was prospectively evaluated. After 3 months of ciprofloxacin use, high-level resistance (MIC90, 64 micrograms/ml) developed in MRSA and increased at an alarming rate, from none to 79% over a 1-year period. High-level ciprofloxacin resistance also developed in MSSA, increasing to 13.6% over the same period. Antibiograms, phage typing, and plasmid profile analysis suggest that more than one clone of MRSA developed resistance and that ciprofloxacin resistance is not associated with the acquisition of a new plasmid. Most patients had nosocomial acquisition and about one-half had a history of previous ciprofloxacin use. Ciprofloxacin resistance can develop rapidly in S. aureus; thus, ciprofloxacin appears to have limited usefulness in treating staphylococcal infections and colonization, especially those due to MRSA.
Evaluation of protection coordination with distributed generation in distribution networks (2010)

During the last decade, the needs for exploitation of distributed generation (DG), including renewable energy such as photovoltaic, wind turbine, fuel cells, etc., has been growing. In spite of many economic and technical advantages of DG, high penetration of DG in distribution systems would cause some negative impacts on distribution network operation such as increase of fault current level, false tripping, etc. In this paper, the impacts of DG's on protection coordination and operation of distribution network are analyzed including increase of the level of fault current, malfunctioning of protective devices and protection coordination of CB-reclosers. And Test of directional recloser and directional distribution automation FRTUs is also carried out to validate the directional elements and fault indication function of these bidirectional devices using real-time power system simulator. These directional overcurrent elements and fault indication of bidirectional devices are tested and is validated in various fault condition in distribution network with distributed generation using real-time power system simulator. (5 pages)
Subspace fluid re-simulation (2013)

We present a new subspace integration method that is capable of efficiently adding and subtracting dynamics from an existing high-resolution fluid simulation. We show how to analyze the results of an existing high-resolution simulation, discover an efficient reduced approximation, and use it to quickly "re-simulate" novel variations of the original dynamics. Prior subspace methods have had difficulty re-simulating the original input dynamics because they lack efficient means of handling semi-Lagrangian advection methods. We show that multi-dimensional cubature schemes can be applied to this and other advection methods, such as MacCormack advection. The remaining pressure and diffusion stages can be written as a single matrix-vector multiply, so as with previous subspace methods, no matrix inversion is needed at runtime. We additionally propose a novel importance sampling-based fitting algorithm that asymptotically accelerates the precomputation stage, and show that the Iterated Orthogonal Projection method can be used to elegantly incorporate moving internal boundaries into a subspace simulation. In addition to efficiently producing variations of the original input, our method can produce novel, abstract fluid motions that we have not seen from any other solver.
<scp>PI</scp>3K/Akt/<scp>mTOR</scp> pathway dual inhibitor <scp>BEZ</scp>235 suppresses the stemness of colon cancer stem cells (2015)

Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide with high mortality. A major issue in colon cancer treatment is drug-resistance and metastasis that have been ascribed to the cancer stem cells. In this study, colon cancer stem cells were isolated through sphere culture and verified with the cancer stem cell markers CD133, CD44, and CD24. It was demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway was highly activated in the colon cancer stem cells and that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by the inhibitor BEZ235 suppressed the colon cancer stem cell proliferation with reduced stemness indicated by CD133 and Lgr5 expressions. Treatment with insulin as a known activator of the PI3K/Akt pathway increased CD133 expression and decreased the effects of BEZ235 on colon cancer proliferation and survival. The data presented here collectively suggest that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway underpins the stemness of colon cancer stem cells and BEZ235 is potentially a good drug candidate for treatment of colon cancer drug resistance and metastasis.
A broadcast-probability approach to the control of vast DOF cellular actuators (2006)

A broadcast-probability approach for the coordination of a vast number of actuators is proposed. We consider an actuator that consists of many "cellular" actuator units like human muscles. Each local unit has a decision-making unit which decides whether to accept or ignore the broadcasted control signal in a stochastic manner. We demonstrate through simulation that centralized coordination is unnecessary, and redundancy and randomness of the system improve the performance
System-level design studies for large rotors (2019)

Abstract. We examine the effect of rotor design choices on the power capture and structural loading of each major wind turbine component. A harmonic model for structural loading is derived from simulations using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) aeroelastic code FAST to reduce computational expense while evaluating design trade-offs for rotors with radii greater than 100 m. Design studies are performed, which focus on blade aerodynamic and structural parameters as well as different hub configurations and nacelle placements atop the tower. The effects of tower design and closed-loop control are also analyzed. Design loads are calculated according to the IEC design standards and used to create a mapping from the harmonic model of the loads and quantify the uncertainty of the transformation. Our design studies highlight both industry trends and innovative designs: we progress from a conventional, upwind, three-bladed rotor to a rotor with longer, more slender blades that is downwind and two-bladed. For a 13 MW design, we show that increasing the blade length by 25 m, while decreasing the induction factor of the rotor, increases annual energy capture by 11 % while constraining peak blade loads. A downwind, two-bladed rotor design is analyzed, with a focus on its ability to reduce peak blade loads by 10 % per 5∘ of cone angle and also reduce total blade mass. However, when compared to conventional, three-bladed, upwind designs, the peak main-bearing load of the upscaled, downwind, two-bladed rotor is increased by 280 %. Optimized teeter configurations and individual pitch control can reduce non-rotating damage equivalent loads by 45 % and 22 %, respectively, compared with fixed-hub designs.
Dendritic Cells Derived In Vitro From Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells Stimulate Autologous, Antileukemic T-Cell Responses (1999)

We have previously reported that leukemic dendritic cells (DC) can be generated ex vivo from myelomonocytic precursors in chronic myelogenous leukemia. In this study we report the generation of DC from acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells and their potent ability to stimulate leukemia-specific cytolytic activity in autologous lymphocytes. DC were generated in vitro using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor +interleukin-4 in combination with either tumor necrosis factor-alpha or CD40 ligand (CD40L). Cells from 19 AML patients with a variety of chromosomal abnormalities were studied for their ability to generate DC. In all but 1 case, cells with the morphology, phenotypic characteristics, and T-cell stimulatory properties of DC could be generated. These cells expressed high levels of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II antigens as well as the costimulatory molecules B7-2 and ICAM-1. In three cases these cells were determined to be of leukemic origin by fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosomal abnormalities or Western blotting for the inv(16) fusion gene product. Autologous lymphocytes cocultured with AML-derived DC (DC-AL) were able to lyse autologous leukemia targets, whereas little cytotoxicity was noted against autologous, normal cells obtained from the patients during remission. We conclude that leukemia derived DC may be useful for immunotherapy of many AML patients.
Laguerre-Gaussian Vortex Beam Transmission through Mouse Brain Tissue (2018)

Light transmission of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) vortex beams in different local regions in mouse brain tissue is investigated. Transmittance is measured in ballistic region with various polarizations states and orbital angular momentums (OAM).
Plant-Derived Micronutrients Suppress Monocyte Adhesion to Cultured Human Aortic Endothelial Cell Layer by Modulating Its Extracellular Matrix Composition (2008)

Monocyte adhesion to endothelium plays an important role in atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of micronutrients on monocyte-binding properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by human aortic endothelial cells (AoEC). Confluent cultures of AoEC were exposed to ascorbic acid, quercetin, gotu kola extract (10% asiatic acid), green tea extract (40% epigallocatechin gallate), or a mixture of these micronutrients for 48 hours. AoEC-produced ECM was exposed by differential treatment. U937 monocyte adhesion was assayed by fluorescence. ECM composition was assayed immunochemically and with radiolabeled metabolic precursors. AoEC exposure to micronutrients reduced ECM capacity to bind monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was accompanied by profound changes in the ECM composition. Correlation analysis revealed that changes in monocyte adhesion to ECM had the strongest positive correlation with ECM content for laminin (CC = 0.9681, P < 0.01), followed by fibronectin, collagens type III, I, and IV, biglycan, heparan sulfate, and elastin. The strongest negative correlation was with chondroitin sulfate (CC = -0.9623, P < 0.01), followed by perlecan and versican. Individual micronutrients had diverse effects on ECM composition and binding properties, and their mixture was the most effective treatment. In conclusion, micronutrient-dependent reduction of monocyte adhesion to endothelium is partly mediated through specific modulation of ECM composition and properties.
Design and Development of a Web Application for Matching Drug Addiction Treatment Services with Substance Users (2018)

One of the current and biggest problems in the system of emergency care for the drug overdose epidemic is the failure of information delivery on nearby treatment facilities. Even though some initiatives have tried to solve this issue, they either failed in delivering the information or in providing good usability. This paper presents the design and development of a web application that we refer to as DrugHelp.Care. This application delivers highly accurate, easy-to-understand, and targeted information in a timely manner for substance users and their well-wishers. It also provides an ecosystem for the treatment facilities with an easy-to-use interface to constantly update their complex information along with automatic email reminders and data completion progress indicators. Based on the requirements we have collected from substance users and treatment facilities, the application is designed and developed using the LAMP stack. A search engine for the substance users and their well-wishers preserves complete anonymity, which is very important to ensure the confidentiality of substance users.
Use of Pelletized Slag in Concrete Masonry Units (1978)

Abstract This paper contains a brief description of the slag pelletizer and the external pressures which led to its development. Pelletized expanded slag is an improved lightweight aggregate for the concrete masonry market. When compared to the earlier lightweight slag aggregates, the improvement manifests itself by a 20% reduction in cement contents for equal compressive strength masonry units. In addition, the water absorption of the masonry is reduced, the green strength is increased, and the visual properties of color and texture are improved. Research work and field trials indicate that the latent hydraulic property of the slag is available in the manufacture of block and brick masonry to further reduce added cementitious binder contents and thereby conserve energy. This can be accomplished by partially grinding the slag at a block plant to produce a self-cementing aggregate. It was also shown that slag fines may be partially replaced or extended by silica flour under some conditions of use.
A copper ReRAM cell for Storage Class Memory applications (2014)

Hybrid memory systems that incorporate Storage Class Memory (SCM) as non-volatile cache or DRAM data backup are expected to bolster system efficiency and cost because SCM promises higher density than DRAM cache and higher speed than the storage I/F. This paper demonstrates a Cu-based resistive random access memory (ReRAM) cell that meets the SCM performance specifications for a 16Gb ReRAM with 200MB/s write and 1GB/s read [1].
The Hyperbow: A Precision Violin Interface (2002)

This paper addresses the need to utilize precision measurement techniques in the the creation of new performance instruments and interfaces. Discussed within is the design and construction of a new violin interface, the Hyperbow, which serves as a £rst demonstration of how a violin bow might be made capable of measuring the most intricate aspects of violin technique–the subtle elements of physical gesture that immediately and directly impact the sound of the instrument while playing. In order to provide this insight into the subtleties of bow articulation, a sensing system has been integrated into a commercial carbon £ber bow to measure changes in position, acceleration, and the downward and lateral strains on the bow stick. These sensors were fashioned using an electromagnetic £eld sensing technique, commercial MEMS accelerometers, and foil strain gauges. The measurement techniques used in this work were found to be quite sensitive and yielded sensors that were easily controllable by a player using traditional right hand bowing technique.
The non-uniform repair of active and inactive chromatin domains (review) (1996)

Substantial evidence demonstrates that DNA repair processes are not distributed homogeneously throughout the genome but that lesions are removed more efficiently and at higher rates from active than from inactive genes. Transcription-coupled repair (TCR) appears to be a sophisticated subpathway of nucleotide excision repair (NER) that targets the repair machinery to lesions present in the actively transcribed strand; TCR could explain the preferential repair of the transcribed over the nontranscribed strand in active genes and involves ERCC2 and ERCC3 helicases in human cells, integral components of TFIIH, as well as ERCCG. XPC protein is responsible for the repair of inactive regions. In S. cerevisiae RAD16 helicase as well as RAD9 and RAD24 proteins are involved in repairing nontranscribing regions whereas RAD3 and SSL2 helicases, homologs of the human ERCC2 and ERCC3, function for the repair of active regions. Unraveling the mechanisms that govern the heterogeneous repair rates among active and inactive parts of the genome is important in understanding mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
Metal–dielectric bi-atomic structure for angular-tolerant spectral filtering (2013)

We theoretically study metal-dielectric structures made of bi-atomic metallic gratings coupled to a guided-mode dielectric resonator. The bi-atomic pattern grating allows tailoring of the Fourier spectrum of the inverse grating permittivity in order to adapt the frequency gap and obtain a flat dispersion band over a wide angular range. A significant enhancement (two-fold) of the angular tolerance as compared to a simply periodic structure is obtained.
One is Lonely and Three is a Crowd: Two Coppers Are for Methane Oxidation (2010)

What/where is the active site? The determination of the metal ion content and makeup of the bacterial membrane protein methane monooxygenase (pMMO) has an enigmatic research history, despite protein X-ray structures. A new study appears to settle the issue; the dicopper center facilitates oxidation of methane to methanol. However, the unusual active-site environment leaves many questions for future investigations on the relevant copper-dioxygen chemistry and biochemistry.
Gas chromatography‐mass spectral analysis of roots of Echinacea species and classification by multivariate data analysis (1998)

An analytical method based on gas chromatography-mass spectral (GC-MS) analysis was developed as a fast screening tool in order to verify the authenticity of extracts of roots from different species of Echinacea, namely E. angustifolia, E. pallida and E. purpurea. Various extraction methods, i.e. soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and maceration with three different solvents, were applied and the extracts were analysed by GC-MS. The chromatograms were evaluated by multivariate data analysis, i.e. cluster analysis, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, in order to reveal if a classification into the three main species of Echinacea was possible using the information obtained. GC-MS analysis of the extracts of Echinacea, together with multivariate data analysis, displayed substantial classification power since a good separation of the three different species was achieved. This analytical approach was not only suitable for classification but was also sufficiently robust such that no distortion of root samples by ageing occurred. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma Spraying of Metallic and Ceramic Materials (1990)

Physical Principles of Plasma Spraying Process. Equipment and Accessories for Plasma Spraying Technology. Bonding and Adherence of Plasma Coatings to the Substrate. Selection of Powders for Plasma Spraying in Industrial Applications. Technological Procedure of Plasma Spraying. Application of Plasma-Sprayed Coatings in Industry and Research. Testing of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Plasma Sprayed Coatings. Problems of Work Safety in the Operation of Plasma Spraying Equipment. Conclusions. References.
Variable Stiffness Treadmill (VST): A novel tool for the investigation of gait (2014)

Locomotion is one of the human's most important functions that serve survival, progress and interaction. Gait requires kinematic and dynamic coordination of the limbs and muscles, multi-sensory fusion and robust control mechanisms. The force stimulus generated by the interaction of the foot with the walking surface is a vital part of the human gait. Although there have been many studies trying to decipher the load feedback mechanisms of gait, there is a need for the development of a versatile system that can advance research and provide new functionality. In this paper, we present the design and characterization of a novel system, called Variable Stiffness Treadmill (VST). The device is capable of controlling load feedback stimulus by regulating the walking surface stiffness in real time. The high range of available stiffness, the resolution and accuracy of the device, as well as the ability to regulate stiffness within the stance phase of walking, are some of the unique characteristics of the VST. We present experiments with healthy subjects in order to prove the concept of our device and preliminary findings on the effect of altered stiffness on gait kinematics. The developed system constitutes a uniquely useful research tool, which can improve our understanding of gait and create new avenues of research on gait analysis and rehabilitation.
Applications of Compression Sportswear (2015)

The incidence of sports injuries in high-contact sports such as rugby, football, ice hockey and baseball is high. These sports have always been played with intense competition such that injuries become inevitable. However, the severity of injuries can be reduced with appropriate training and when protective clothing is worn, which has the ability to absorb the shocks or dissipate the energy over a wider area such that it lessens the impact. The protection gear in rugby includes headgear, shirt pads, shin guards and mouth guards. Highperformance impact protection materials are embedded in the garment, particularly in the shoulder, biceps and chest region. These materials need to be soft, thin, flexible and durable. Commercial products are usually available in various thicknesses and some can be moulded to fit various contours of the body.
SEPARATION OF BARIUM(II) FROM STRONTIUM(II) BY MEANS OF THE SOLVENT EXTRACTION WITH DIBENZO-24-CROWN-8 (1979)

Abstract Barium(II) (3.00×10−4 M) was easily separated from strontium(II) (3.00×10−4–1.70×10−2 M) by means of the solvent extraction procedure with a nitrobenzene solution of dibenzo-24-crown-8. Average recovery of barium(II) was 97% and only 10−3 part of the strontium(II) in the initial sample solution was recovered.