gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absolute Crystallization Rate of Sodium Sesquicarbonate (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsolute Crystallization Rate of Sodium SesquicarbonateP. T. DolleyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1937, 29, 10, 1101–1106Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50334a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50334a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Olfactory Dysfunction (1987)

Management of dysosmic patients frequently is hampered by an incomplete description of their chief complaint and sometimes inadequate qualitative analysis of their symptoms. Qualitative analysis of olfactory dysfunction by an Odorant Confusion Matrix helps to characterize more fully sense of smell in the dysosmic patient. It is well grounded in psychophysical theory, thereby permitting physiological inferences about specific neural dysfunctions. The quantitative measure derived from the matrix correlates well with another quantitative measure of olfactory ability, the Smell identification Test, and provides the opportunity for valid comparisons among and within patients. Examination of illustrative case reports demonstrates that the qualitative features of the Odorant Confusion Matrix offer additional insights to support etiologic diagnoses of disturbances in sense of smell.
Tunable laser diodes with type II superlattice in the tuning region (1998)

Type II superlattices as tuning regions in continuously tunable laser diodes are investigated. They are used to create an artificial indirect semiconductor by spatially separating electrons and holes from each other. At a given current the mean electron density is increased and therefore a larger tuning range and efficiency are achieved. The type II superlattice can be prepared in different ways, e.g. by a superlattice consisting of two different semiconductors, by a doping superlattice, by alternately strained layers or by combining these effects. In the case of a tuning region with bandgap wavelength lattice matched to an InP substrate, one may use an unstrained InGaAsP/InGaAsSb superlattice with an estimated band offset of 302 meV. This enhances the tuning by a factor of 160 in the low-current limit. At high tuning currents this factor decreases, but it is still considerable.
Polarization holding in birefringent single-mode fibers (1982)

Perturbations in highly birefringent single-mode fibers couple the two polarization modes and degrade the polarization-holding ability. With a broadband source we demonstrate wavelength averaging of the power in either mode, permitting a simple measurement of the power transfer to the cross-polarized mode as a function of fiber length. Using this technique, we confirm experimentally the theory of random mode coupling between the polarization modes.
Improved K-Best Sphere Decoding Algorithms for MIMO Systems (2006)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique is a key enabling technology for today's high-rate wireless communications. The sphere decoding algorithm (SDA) has been used for maximum likelihood (ML) detection in MIMO systems. However, it suffers from variable computation complexity and non-fixed throughput. Therefore, the k-best sphere decoding algorithm is proposed for MIMO detections for its less complexity and fixed throughput. The disadvantage for k-best SDA is that it has performance loss due to the reason that ML detection is not guaranteed. In this paper, we propose some improved k-best sphere decoding algorithms which improve the MIMO detection performance. Simulation results show that by applying sorted QR decomposition for the channel matrix, and/or introducing dynamic K values for different layers, our improved algorithms can achieve 1-2 dB detection performance gain for 4 /spl times/ 4 64QAM MIMO systems over the traditional k-best SDA without introducing extra computational complexity.
Effect of soft‐segment chemistry on polyurethane biostability during <i>in vitro</i> fatigue loading (2004)

The effect of soft-segment chemistry on biostability of polyurethane elastomers was studied with a diaphragm-type film specimen under conditions of static and dynamic loading. During testing, the films were exposed to an H(2)O(2)/CoCl(2) solution, which simulated the oxidative component of the in vivo environment. Films treated for up to 24 days were evaluated by IR spectroscopy and by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Biostability of a poly(ether urethane) (PEU), which is known to undergo oxidative degradation, was compared with biostability of a poly(carbonate urethane) (PCU), which is thought to be more resistant to oxidation than PEU. Materials similar to PEU and PCU, in which the polyether or polycarbonate soft segment was partially replaced with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), were also tested with the expectation that PDMS would improve soft-segment biostability. Oxidative degradation of the polyether soft segment of PEU was manifest chemically as chain scission and cross-linking and physically as surface pitting. Biaxial fatigue accelerated chemical degradation of PEU and eventually caused brittle stress cracking. In comparison, the polycarbonate soft segment was more stable to oxidation; there was minimal chemical or physical degradation of PCU, even in biaxial fatigue. Partial substitution of the polyether soft segment with PDMS enhanced oxidative stability of PEU. Although both strategies for modifying soft-segment chemistry improved the resistance to oxidative degradation, the outstanding mechanical properties of PEU were compromised to some extent.
A broadcast-and-select OADM optical network with dedicated optical-channel protection (2003)

A metro-area optical-ring network based on a novel optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM) architecture using a wavelength blocker is proposed. We demonstrate experimentally the performance of the OADM and capability of optical channel dedicated protection in a two-fiber ring network with 24×10 Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexing traffic capacity. The channel-by-channel optical protection of the network is enabled by using a liquid crystal-based wavelength-selective switch as the protection switch and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with fast transient-gain control. The bit-error rate performance of the network is studied for the normal operation and for the transition to the protection state from a failure. The network protection for all channels is provided within 5 ms on a cable-cut failure. Importance of transient-gain control during protection switching to reduce the network transients is also discussed.
Synthesis and Liquid Crystal Properties of Dimethylene Linked Compounds Incorporating the Cyclobutane or Spiro[3.3]heptane Rings (1989)

Abstract The preparation of sixteen dimethylene linked compounds is described [14 incorporating the cyclobutane ring and 2 incorporating the spiro[3.3]heptane ring], and a comparison is made between the transition temperatures of these compounds and those of the corresponding esters.1 This comparison once again highlights the fact that the cyclobutane ring should be regarded, in terms of its ability to promote nematic thermal stability, as a “chain stiffener” rather than as a ring system. A comparison is also made of the nematic thermal stabilities of the trans-cyclobutane and the spiro[3.3]heptane systems and of the trans-cyclohexane and the spiro[5.5]undecane systems.
Supervised segmentation of remote sensing images based on a tree-structured MRF model (2005)

Most remote sensing images exhibit a clear hierarchical structure which can be taken into account by defining a suitable model for the unknown segmentation map. To this end, one can resort to the tree-structured Markov random field (MRF) model, which describes a K-ary field by means of a sequence of binary MRFs, each one corresponding to a node in the tree. Here we propose to use the tree-structured MRF model for supervised segmentation. The prior knowledge on the number of classes and their statistical features allows us to generalize the model so that the binary MRFs associated with the nodes can be adapted freely, together with their local parameters, to better fit the data. In addition, it allows us to define a suitable likelihood term to be coupled with the TS-MRF prior so as to obtain a precise global model of the image. Given the complete model, a recursive supervised segmentation algorithm is easily defined. Experiments on a test SPOT image prove the superior performance of the proposed algorithm with respect to other comparable MRF-based or variational algorithms.
Purification and characterization of membrane-bound fumarate reductase from anaerobically grown <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1979)

Fumarate reductase has been purified 100-fold to 95% homogeneity from the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli, grown anaerobically on a defined medium containing glycerol plus fumarate. Optimal solubilization of total membrane protein and fumarate reductase activity occurred with nonionic detergents having a hydrophobic-lipophilic balance (HLB) number near 13 and we routinely solubilized the enzyme with Triton X-100 (HLB number = 13.5). Membrane enzyme extracts were fractionated by hydrophobic-exchange chromatography on phenyl Sepharose CL-4B to yield purified enzyme. The enzyme whether membrane bound, in Triton extracts, or purified, had an apparent Km near 0.42 mM. Two peptides with molecular weights of 70 000 and 24 000, predent in 1:1 molar ratios, were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide slab-gel electrophoresis to coincide with enzyme activity. A minimal native molecular weight of 100 000 was calculated for fumarate reductase by Stephacryl S-200 gel filtration in the presence of sodium cholate. This would indicate that the enzyme is a dimer. The purified enzyme has low, but measurable, succinate dehydrogenase activity.
Solution structures of Myb DNA-binding domain and its complex with DNA. (1993)

The DNA-binding domain of Myb consists of three imperfect tandem repeats, each of which contains three conserved tryptophans. The solution structure of the third repeat was established by NMR; it includes three helices maintained by a hydrophobic core formed by three tryptophans, together with two histidines, and the second and third helices form a helix-turn-helix-related motif. Here, we report the whole structure of the DNA-binding domain, as determined by NMR. Each of the first and second repeats resembles the third one in structure, retaining three helices. As a whole, the DNA-binding domain contains an entirely unique structure, a triple helix-turn-helix-related motif. To determine the role of each repeat in DNA-binding, a 16-mer DNA duplex that is specifically recognized by Myb was synthesized and then its complex with the DNA-binding domain has been investigated by 3D-NMR. The interaction mode between the whole DNA-binding domain and the duplex has shown that the third helix in each repeat likely locates in the majour groove of DNA. It is suggested that the Myb DNA-binding domain wraps around the DNA duplex by fitting the triply repeated helix-turn-helix-related motifs in the majour groove.
Endoscopic stereo reconstruction: A comparative study (2014)

Advances in robotic surgery especially in minimally-invasive surgery (MIS) has increased the need for translating computer-vision algorithms in endoscopic imagery to support surgical decisions. While methods for stereo reconstruction have been extensively investigated for man-made environments, such an extensive and detailed study on the pros and cons of stereo reconstruction for endoscopic images. In this paper, we extensively compare several state-of-the-art methods on both simulated as well as real endoscopic images over controlled in-lab and phantom models observed by a daVinci stereo endoscope. The advantages and disadvantages of each compared method over the major steps of a stereo-reconstruction pipeline are discussed and supported by exhaustive experiments and discussions.
GBAS with RAIM Based on the Constrained GLRT for Precision Landing Using Galileo and GPS (2007)

Global navigation satellite systems have made an important\nimprovement since the first utilization for military purposes.\nOne of the civil application domains that profit the\nmost of this technology is the civil aviation. It is also the\nmost challenging application due to the high level of safety\nrequired. One of the most stringent required parameter is\nthe integrity of the position provided by the system and to\nfulfill this requirement, additional algorithms at system and\nat user level are necessary to provide robust information to\nthe pilot. At the system level, the American Wide Area\nAugmentation System (WAAS) is the first augmented system\nthat has been proposed to support civil aviation phases\nof flight. Unfortunately the availability of this system can\nprovide only Approach with Vertical guidance I (APV I)\nrequirements. At the user level, the consistency check algorithms\nfor monitoring the integrity have been developed.\nThese algorithms are known as Receiver Autonomous\nIntegrity Monitoring (RAIM) algorithms. Conventional\n"snapshot" RAIM Fault Detection/Exclusion (FDE) algorithms\nbased on least squares method consider epoch by\nepoch to check pseudo-ranges. Another approach considers\nthe use of previous epochs to augment the number of\nobservations and thus information. These algorithms are\ncalled sequential RAIM. Snapshot and sequential RAIM\nFDE based on the constrained Generalized Likelihood Ratio\nTest (GLRT) have shown very promising results for\nsingle and dual frequency absolute positioning receivers.\nPrevious studies have demonstrated under certain circumstances\nthat such a RAIMcould fulfill requirements of APV\nI. In this paper the detection/exclusion functions availability\nfor three different RAIM FDE algorithms applied to the\ndifferential GPS and Galileo modes is discussed and some\nvery preliminary results of simulation are shown.
Total Synthesis of the β-Catenin Inhibitor, (−)-Agelastatin A: A Second-Generation Approach Based on Radical Aminobromination (2009)

The second-generation approach to (-)-agelastatin A has been established. The present strategy features the FeBr(2)-mediated radical cyclization of 2-cyclopentenyloxycarbonyl azide that allows for the stereoselective installation of a cis-vicinal aminobromo functionality suitable for producing the BCD-ring system of agelastatin A. The aminobromination method streamlines access to oxazolidinone, a key intermediate in the previously reported synthesis, thereby culminating in the new total synthesis of (-)-agelastatin A.
Dynamic In Vivo Imaging of Mammalian Hematovascular Development Using Whole Embryo Culture (2004)

The yolk sac is the initial site of hematopoiesis in the mammalian embryo. As the embryo develops, blood vessels form around primitive erythroblasts to connect the yolk sac to the embryo, delivering newly formed blood cells to the embryonic circulation. The limited accessibility of the mammalian embryo has made it difficult to study the dynamic changes in cellular development during the formation of the early hematovascular system. Therefore, we have developed a culture system for studying early hematopoiesis, vasculogenesis. and angiogenesis in the mouse embryo. Early embryos (E7.5-E9.5) can be grown on the microscope stage to study the dynamics as vessels form and circulation begins. In addition, this mouse embryo culture system provides an excellent model for understanding the interplay between flow dynamics and cellular development.
Efficient and Complementary Methods Offering Access to Synthetically Valuable 1,2‐Dibromobenzenes (2010)

Abstract 1,2‐Dibromobenzenes are highly valuable precursors for various organic transformations, in particular, reactions based on the intermediate formation of benzynes. This report describes short sequences for the synthesis of various derivatives based on regioselective bromination, ortho ‐metalation, and halogen/metal permutations. 1,2‐Dibromo‐3‐iodobenzene ( 2f ), 1,2‐dibromo‐4‐iodobenzene ( 4c ), and 2,3‐dibromo‐1,4‐diiodobenzene ( 5e ) act as intermediates in these syntheses.
Adaptive and diversity arrays for frequency-hopping systems (2003)

The performance of an adaptive array is compared with that of an ideal diversity array for frequency-hopping systems in a mobile peer-to-peer communication network. Both independent and completely correlated Rayleigh fading at the antennas are examined. The adaptive array uses the maximin algorithm, while the diversity array uses predetection equal-gain combining with perfect cophasing. Multiple-access interference is simulated for a representative environment. It is found that the adaptive array does not provide as good a performance as the ideal diversity array. However, the compactness and the capability of the adaptive array to null strong interference or jamming may make it preferable in many mobile communication networks.
Acetic Acid Extraction by Solvent Membrane (1983)

Abstract Solvent extraction of acetic acid at low concentrations from aqueous solutions was studied. Decalin was found to be the optimal solvent and trioctyl phosphine oxide an effective carrier species. Phase equilibrium constants were measured and the results agree with the theoretical equation in the low carrier concentration range. The polymer supported solvent membranes carrying the same solvent and carrier, under various physical and chemical conditions, were prepared and the apparent diffusion coefficients of acetic acid through these membranes were measured and the results were discussed. The apparent diffusion coefficient of acetic acid in these tests was not interfered with by the existence of hydrochloric acid in the feed stream.
Large-Scale Production of Recombinant Viruses by Use of a Large Culture Vessel with Active Gassing (2005)

Adenovirus and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are increasingly used for gene transduction experiments. However, to produce a sufficient amount of these vectors for in vivo experiments requires large-capacity tissue culture facilities, which may not be practical in limited laboratory space. We describe here a large-scale method to produce adenovirus and AAV vectors with an active gassing system that uses large culture vessels to process labor- and cost-effective infection or transfection in a closed system. Development of this system was based on the infection or transfection of 293 cells on a large scale, using a large culture vessel with a surface area of 6320 cm2. A minipump was connected to the gas inlet of the large vessel, which was placed inside the incubator, so that the incubator atmosphere was circulated through the vessel. When active gassing was employed, the productivity of the adenovirus and AAV vectors significantly increased. This vector production system was achieved by improved CO2 and air exchange and maintenance of pH in the culture medium. Viral production with active gassing is particularly promising, as it can be used with existing incubators and the large culture vessel can readily be converted for use with the active gassing system.
Tissue α-Tocopherol Retention in Male Rats Is Compromised by Feeding Diets Containing Oxidized Frying Oil (1995)

To investigate the effect of dietary oxidized frying oil (OFO) on tissue retention of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T). Long-Evans male weanling rats were divided to four groups based on a 2 x 2 factorial design. Two groups were fed 15% OFO diets, and the remaining two groups were fed control diets in which OFO was replaced by vitamin-E-stripped fresh soybean oil. Vitamin E as all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate was added at the concentration of either 50 (normal E) or 500 (high E) mg/kg diet. The OFO sample was prepared by deepfrying sticks in fresh soybean oil at 205 +/- 5 degrees C for four 6-h periods. After 6 wks of feeding, alpha-T concentrations in most tissues were significantly lower in rats fed OFO diets (P < 0.05) than in the control groups. For rats fed the OFO diet with the normal vitamin E concentration, the alpha-T concentration is epididymal fat pad, plasma, liver, kidney, muscle, brain and lung were 29-64% those of the corresponding control group (P < 0.05). The interaction between the two dietary factors on tissue alpha-T was significant in liver, spleen, and adrenal gland. In these three tissues, the differences between the normal and high dietary vitamin E groups were less in rats fed the OFO diets than in rats fed the control diets. The tissue alpha-T concentrations of the high vitamin E OFO group were comparable with or higher (P < 0.05) than those of the normal vitamin E control group, indicating that the negative effect of OFO on tissue alpha-T concentration can be alleviated by dietary supplementation of vitamin E. Compared with the controls, rats OFO diets had significantly higher tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.05). Because the amount of alpha-T directly added into the test oil samples was not significantly decreased through an incubation (at 37 degrees C) period of up to 10 d, the inefficient absorption and/or enhanced catabolism or turnover of vitamin E may be involved in the inferior tissue alpha-T retention of OFO fed rats.
Light-actuated high pressure-resisting microvalve for on-chip flow control based on thermo-responsive nanostructured polymer (2008)

A simple light-actuated microvalve using a quartz halogen illuminator with tungsten filament was introduced to manipulate flow path effectively in micro-total analysis systems, which reduces system complexity and the need for on-chip integration. The microvalve device in cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microchip functions very well based on the thermo-responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), whose pressure-tolerance can be tuned by changing the mechanical strength of polymer monolith inside the microchannel with the choice of suitable amount of monomer and crosslinker. The response time and pressure resistance of the valve can be optimized by the tetrahydrofuran composition in the polymerization mixture as well. Very importantly, the microvalve can withstand the leakage pressure up to around 1350 psi, and its opening and closing response time is only 4.0 and 6.2 s respectively. Microchips with such valves will be very useful in drug delivery, chemical analysis and proteomic analysis.