gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoemulsion-Eicosapentaenoic Acid Enhanced Alkaline Phosphatase, Calcium Contents, and Surface Molecules Expression During Osteogenesis Using Mouse Multipotent Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (2010)

Long-chain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is found mainly in marine oils, and has wide ranging biological effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of nanoemulsion-EPA on the osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (D1 cells). D1 cells were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM) for 6 days and treated with nanoemulsion-EPA for 2 days and then subjected to various tests; MTT assays, alizarin red S staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity determinations, calcium contents analysis, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), confocal microscopy, and flow cytometric analysis. D1 cells were found to differentiate into osteoblasts in the presence of osteogenic differentiation medium, as determined by positive alizarin red S staining, increased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium contents, osteocalcin, osteopontin and Runx2 mRNA expressions, and by positive immunofluorescence staining against CD44 or CD51. Furthermore, osteogenic differentiation was enhanced when cells were treated with nanoemulsion-EPA, as determined by alizarin red S staining, elevated ALP activity, calcium contents and osteocalcin and Runx2 mRNA expression, and immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis for CD44. Furthermore, pretreatment with p38 inhibitor prior to nanoemulsion-EPA decreased alizarin red S staining and ALP activity. These findings suggest that nanoemulsion-EPA enhances osteogenic differentiation via the p38 pathway when administered to mouse mesenchymal stem cells in osteogenic differentiation medium.
A Novel Harmonics-Suppression Coupled-Line Gysel Power Divider for Complex Terminated Impedances (2014)

A novel symmetrical coupled-line circuit structure is proposed to design a kind of harmonics-suppression coupled-line Gysel power divider that has the advantages of a compact structure and complex source to load-terminated impedances. It consists of four pairs of coupled lines, three pairs of transmission line stubs, and two grounded isolation resistors. Based on the traditional even- and odd-mode technique, closed-form mathematical equations for both circuit electrical parameters and scattering parameters are obtained. For demonstration purposes, two typical simulation examples with realized physical dimensions in microstrip technology are presented, indicating equal power division, good return loss, perfect isolation, and harmonics suppression on three different frequencies or wide operating frequency band. Finally, two practical microstrip coupled-line Gysel power dividers are designed and fabricated to operate at approximately 1 GHz. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results verify the design.
Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis (1999)

Our objective was to define the signaling mechanisms by which mitogens such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) regulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis. We confirmed that IGF-I inhibits serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis of cultured VSMCs in a dose-dependent and time-dependent fashion. To test the hypothesis that the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase signaling pathway regulates VSMC survival, we examined the relationship between PI 3-kinase activity and cell fate. PI 3-kinase was elevated in viable VSMCs maintained in serum-containing medium, declined significantly in response to serum withdrawal, and increased in response to IGF-I-induced survival. Moreover, blockade of PI 3-kinase with 2 structurally dissimilar inhibitors (wortmannin or LY294002) abolished the capacity of IGF-I to maintain VSMC viability. Similarly, transient transfection of a dominant-negative Deltap85 PI 3-kinase mutant construct abrogated the capacity of IGF-I to prevent VSMC death. Thus, PI 3-kinase is a critical antiapoptotic signal in VSMCs. To define the distal element of the antiapoptotic cascade, we tested the hypothesis that IGF-I inhibits the influence of the proapoptotic gene Bad. Indeed, IGF-I stimulates increased expression of the inactive, phosphorylated form of Bad by a PI 3-kinase-dependent pathway. Moreover, the proapoptotic effect of Bad was attenuated by the stimulation of IGF-I. Thus, growth factors appear to prevent VSMC death by activating signal transduction pathways linked to apoptotic regulatory genes.
A calibration setup for a new type of nano probe (2003)

A probe has been designed using piezo-resistive strain gauges to measure the bending of three slender rods etched in silicon. This nano-probe is calibrated on a 1D setup using a differential plane mirror interferometer. The calibration setup has less than 5 nm uncertainty, 1 nm resolution and a range of 30 µm. Periodic non-linearities of the laser interferometer are determined and will be compensated by RF-phase-sensitive detection of the interferometer signal. The uncertainty of the probe after calibration is less than 10 nm for vertical probing. For other probing directions, effects due to friction and rolling of the spherical probe tip affect the probe uncertainty.
Remyelination within the CNS: Do Schwann Cells Pave the Way for Oligodendrocytes? (2002)

Schwann cells that have myelinated the CNS can be replaced by myelinating oligodendrocytes. It is unclear, however, why oligodendrocyte remyelination would occur for axons that are already myelinated. The Schwann cells might signal their own replacement by oligodendrocytes, but more probably a third player, the reactive astrocyte, is essential to this phenomenon. We propose that as long as reactive astrocytes do not form fibrous gliosis, they are beneficial to oligodendrocyte remyelination. Unknown is whether reactive astrocytes induce oligodendrocyte progenitor (NG2 immunopositive cells) cells to differentiate, a phenomenon that is absent in multiple sclerosis. So what role do Schwann cells play in CNS remyelination? They appear to serve to protect central axons and might coincidentally prevent reactive astrocytes from laying down scar tissue that impedes oligodendrocyte remyelination.
Amine Boranes. VI. The Preparation of B,B,B-Trialkylborazines from Trimethylamine Alkylboranes and Ammonia<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmine Boranes. VI. The Preparation of B,B,B-Trialkylborazines from Trimethylamine Alkylboranes and Ammonia1M. Frederick HawthorneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 4, 833–834Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01465a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01465a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of action of isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase: evidence for a carbonium ion intermediate (1986)

Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase catalyzes the interconversion of isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. The isomerase from yeast has been purified to near homogeneity (purity greater than 90%). The substrate analogue (Z)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butenyl pyrophosphate reacts at less than 1.8 X 10(-6) times the rate of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. The enzyme is irreversibly inactivated by 2-(dimethyl-amino)ethyl pyrophosphate (I). These observations are consistent with a carbonium ion mechanism for the isomerization. Compound I is an analogue of the intermediate carbonium ion and probably acts as a transition state analogue. For I, kon' = 2.1 X 10(6) M-1 min-1. No off-rate was detected and, therefore, Ki less than 1.4 X 10(-11) M. Upon denaturation of the inactivated enzyme, I is released unchanged. 2-(Trimethylammonio)ethyl pyrophosphate also inhibits with Ki' = 7 X 10(-7) M, kon' = 4.4 X 10(4) M-1 min-1, and koff = 0.03 min-1. Substrate analogues without a positively charged nitrogen were relatively poor inhibitors. The best inhibitor of these is ethyl pyrophosphate, Ki = 10(-4) M. The enzyme is inactivated by sulfhydryl-selective reagents. These reagents also prevent binding of I to the enzyme. The inactivation by iodoacetamide is dependent upon one ionizable group (pK = 9.3). The pH dependence of V and V/K for the isomerase-catalyzed reaction also depends upon a group with pK = 9.3.
Joint Downlink and Uplink Tilt-Based Self-Organization of Coverage and Capacity Under Sparse System Knowledge (2015)

Concurrent self-organization of coverage and capacity in both downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) is an ambitious task since 1) Coverage and capacity are conflicting key performance indicators (KPIs), and 2) an adequate DL performance does not necessarily entail an adequate UL performance because the DL and UL interference scenarios are fundamentally different. However, considering the UL when self-organizing the network is crucial because the UL transmission becomes more important due to the emergence of new applications and services, such as social networking, video calls, or sensor networks, which require either parity between DL and UL traffic or even more UL than DL traffic. In this paper, we propose a general concept for the self-organization of multiple KPIs while having only very sparse knowledge about the network. Using this concept, we propose an effective tilt-based algorithm that manages to jointly optimize coverage and capacity in DL and UL. In an urban scenario with real Long-Term Evolution (LTE) site locations, we were able to increase the cell-edge user throughput by 70% (DL) and 24% (UL) while concurrently decreasing the number of uncovered users by 21% (DL) and 25% (UL), compared with a well-chosen reference tilt setting.
Construct SMI-S Enabled Storage Management Systems (2008)

Traditionally, storage vendors have their own standards to achieve storage resource management. However, this will result in an interoperability issue on different storage products. Accordingly, the SNIA organization proposed a storage management initiative specification (SMI-S) to unify storage management systems. Through this specification, the vendors are able to get rid of the integration of heterogeneous interfaces. This is useful to cost down the development and speed up their storage products to the market. In this paper, the details about how to build SMI-S enabled storage management systems are explained step by step, so the associated developers can get the know-how and start to implement SMI-S on their storage products.
InGaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes with a Cone-Shaped Sidewall Structure Fabricated Through a Crystallographic Wet Etching Process (2009)

The InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated through a crystallographic etching process to increase their light extraction efficiency. After the laser scribing and the selective lateral wet etching processes at the LED chip edge region, the stable crystallographic etching planes were formed as the GaN planes and had an including angle with the top GaN (0001) plane measured as . The AlN buffer layer acted as the sacrificial layer for the lateral wet process with a etching rate. The continuous cone-shaped sidewall (CSS) structure of the treated LED has a larger light-scattering area and higher light extraction cones around the LED chips. The LED with the CSS structure around the chip edge region has a higher light output power compared to a conventional LED when measured in LED chip form.
Sound Propagation in Rooms (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Wave Acoustics Geometric Acoustics Statistical Room Acoustics Sound Absorption References
Natural and induced variations in transcriptional regulator genes result in low‐nicotine phenotypes in tobacco (2022)

In tobacco, the homologous ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factors ERF199 and ERF189 coordinate the transcription of multiple metabolic genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis. Natural alleles at the NIC1 and NIC2 loci greatly affect alkaloid accumulation and overlap with ERF199 and ERF189 in the tobacco genome, respectively. In this study, we identified several low-nicotine tobacco varieties lacking ERF199 or ERF189 from a tobacco germplasm collection. We characterized the sequence of these new nic1 and nic2 alleles, as well as the previously defined alleles nic1-1 and nic2-1. Moreover, we examined the influence of different nic alleles on alkaloid contents and expression levels of genes related to nicotine biosynthesis. We also demonstrated that the deletion of a distal genomic region attenuates ERF199 expression, resulting in a moderately negative effect on the alkaloid phenotype. Our study provides new insights into the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis and novel genetic resources to breed low-nicotine tobacco.
Physiological studies of central masking in man. II: Tonepip SSRs and the masking level difference (1992)

The auditory steady-state response (SSR), an evoked response generated in the auditory cortex, was initiated by monaural trains of 500-Hz tonepips repeated at rates near 40 Hz while wideband noise was being delivered to the same or opposite ear. Contralateral noise reduced SSR amplitudes in an intensity-dependent manner, whereas ipsilateral noise enhanced the SSR amplitudes at low levels and depressed them at high levels. Systematic phase changes accompanied the amplitude changes. These results, obtained with tonepips, closely resemble those previously reported for clicks. A third experiment, a masking level difference (MLD) experiment, examined changes in the SSR measures during four successive tonepip-plus-noise conditions: (1) monaural tonepips alone; (2) adding ipsilateral noise; (3) then adding contralateral noise; (4) finally, adding contralateral tonepips. The SSR amplitude changes measured in the experiment did not always correspond with the changes in perception reported by the subject.
Standard and Multifrequency Tympanometry in Normal and Otosclerotic Ears (1997)

The findings confirm the advantage of multifrequency tympanometry over standard low-frequency tympanometry in differentiating otosclerotic and normal ears. Recommendations for interpreting resonant frequency and F45 degrees measures obtained using the Virtual Immittance system are also provided. In addition, the relationship among different tympanometric measures suggests a general strategy for combining tympanometric measures to improve the identification of otosclerosis.
17.10 A 318-to-370GHz standing-wave 2D phased array in 0.13µm BiCMOS (2017)

Fully integrated implementation of mm-wave/THz radiators and phased arrays presents new potentials for applications like spectroscopy, imaging, and high data-rate communication. These applications demand sufficient radiated power, wide frequency range, and variable phase shifting between sources to perform beam steering. Limited power generation capability of transistors close to the maximum oscillation frequency (f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> ) of available silicon processes in addition to the poor quality factor of varactors makes realizing these requirements particularly challenging. Harmonic oscillators are often coupled together in arrays to boost the output power and steer the radiation beam [1–6]. The coupling elements along with varactors used for frequency tuning add loss and parasitics to the circuit and significantly reduce the output power, operation frequency, and tuning range at mm-wave/THz frequencies. In this work, we implemented a standing-wave (SW) structure that overcomes these challenges to achieve broadband frequency tuning, wide beam steering and high power radiation at the same time.
A New PRACH Transmission Scheme in Unlicensed Spectrum (2017)

For the unlicensed spectrum, the occupied bandwidth requirement is demanded by some regulations. The legacy scheme of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) for Long Term Evolution (LTE) cannot satisfy it. In this paper, we propose a novel PRACH transmission scheme to satisfy the requirement of unlicensed spectrum based on preamble pairing, and show some other candidates. We analyze and evaluate the key performances, including TA estimation accuracy, preamble multiplexing capability and cubic metric, of the proposed scheme and other candidates. Both theoretical analysis and simulation result show that our scheme outperforms the other candidates for the performances.
Interactions of misfolded influenza virus hemagglutinin with binding protein (BiP). (1989)

We have characterized the association between the binding protein, BiP (also known as GRP 78), and misfolded forms of the influenza virus hemagglutinin precursor, HA0. BiP is a heat-shock-related protein that binds to unassembled immunoglobulin heavy chain and to a variety of misfolded proteins in the lumen of the ER. A small fraction (5-10%) of newly synthesized HA0 in CV-1 cells was found to be misfolded and retained in the ER. When glycosylation was blocked with tunicamycin, all of the HA0 produced was similarly misfolded. The misfolded HA0 was retained as relatively small (9-25-S) complexes associated with BiP. In these complexes the top domains of HA0 were correctly folded judging by their reactivity with monoclonal antibodies, but the polypeptides were cross-linked via anomalous interchain disulfides. The association with BiP was non-covalent and easily broken by warming to 37 degrees C or by adding ATP to the lysate. Pulse-chase experiments showed that HA0's self-association into complexes occurred immediately after synthesis and was followed rapidly by BiP association. The misfolded, BiP-associated HA0 was not transported to the plasma membrane but persisted as complexes in the ER for a long period of time before degradation (t1/2 = 6 h). The results suggested that BiP may be part of a quality control system in the ER and that one of its functions is to detect and retain misfolded proteins.
Calculations of the Superconducting Properties of Cu–O Based Perovskite-Like Structures (1987)

We have used the results of first principles local density band structure calculations to calculate the McMillan-Hopfield parameter η in a series of ordered cubic perovskite and layered perovskite structures of the form M x N y CuO z , where M and N are La, Ba, and Cs. We find relatively low values of η compared to those of transition metal superconductors, but within a range of soft oxygen phonon modes the resulting electron-phonon coupling strength λ is large (λ∼2.5). This strength appears to be sufficient to explain the high transition temperatures T c =30-40 K in these materials within the usual electron-phonon mechanism.
An optimized collimator for single-photon computed tomography with a scintillation camera. (1978)

The problem of nonuniform response, which is inherent in scintillationcamera emission computed tomography, can be minimized by proper collimator design. A specially fabricated collimator, optimized for emission computed tomography, was designed. This collimator has a calculated full width at half maximum of 1 cm at 15 cm in front of the collimator. When this collimator is used in conjunction with averaged opposed views, excellent uniformity across the reconstruction plane is achievable.
Computational simulation of the p‐n doped silicon quantum dot (2012)

Abstract Elongated crystalline silicon quantum dot (QD) codoped with aluminum and phosphorous together has been modeled with a formula of Si 36 Al 1 P 1 H 42 . The calculations of electronic structure are done by VASP software in the basis of plane waves, and valent electrons are treated explicitly while core electrons are described with pseudopotentials. Compared with undoped model, Si 38 H 42 , the results show the features in the electronic structure of the codoped QD of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital contributed by dopants, and transitions between those bands make contributions to many properties different from undoped model. The role of thermal motion of ions was also explored at (i) high and (ii) ambient temperatures. (i) At high temperature, the thermal motion of ions leads to the break of crystal structure. (ii) At ambient temperatures, the motion of ions facilitates the nonadiabatic couplings between electronic states. The relevant electronic dynamics also calculated with computed nonadiabatic couplings. This simulation predicts the charge transfer across p‐n junction on atomistic scale. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elements of the <i>fruitless</i> locus regulate development of the muscle of Lawrence, a male-specific structure in the abdomen of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> adults (1991)

A genetically defined element of the fruitless (fru) locus in Drosophila melanogaster regulates the development of a male-specific muscle spanning the fifth abdominal segment in adult males, the 'muscle of Lawrence' (MOL). The region is defined by two cytological deletions, each with a breakpoint that co-maps with previously described mutant courtship phenotypes at cytogenetic interval 91B on the third chromosome. Flies that carry both of these deletions are viable, and males express abnormalities of courtship similar to those caused by the fru inversion breakpoint at 91B. In addition, these double-deletion males show the complete absence of the MOL, suggesting that they have little or no gene expression of a postulated MOL determinant; the musculature in the fifth abdominal segment of these mutants to indistinguishable from that of a normal female. Other mutant combinations that produce fruitless courtship phenotypes--including deletion and inversion breakpoints, and a marked transposon inserted at 91B--produce intermediate forms of the MOL. A new genetic variant, induced by imprecise excision of the marked transposon, is homozygous lethal and disrupts fru functions related to courtship and the MOL. The MOL is shown to be dispensable for fertility and is therefore not the causative factor of fru-induced behavioral sterility. These genetic variants and their phenotypic results are discussed with regard to a model for the organization of the fru locus.