gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and additive manufacturing of MRI gradient coils (2014)

The current manufacturing process of MRI gradient coils is a lengthy process because of material property requirements that address high voltages and currents, and complex 3D geometries (necessary to achieve desired gradient profiles and high magnetic field strengths). To address these requirements we developed software and fast 3D printer technology that automates the design, optimization, and manufacturing of these gradient coils. Our design software applies the principles of 3D printing (rapid prototyping) to control the gradient coil manufacturing process. Our 3D printer is the first printer to combine electrical conductors (e.g. silver) and high-grade electrical insulators (e.g., Kapton) for manufacturing MRI gradient coils. We have applied the additive manufacturing (3D printing) methods to the design and manufacturing of ultra-strong and ultra-fast (rise time ≤ 10 μs) magnetic gradient coils for high-performance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. Experiments with bi-planar 3D-printed gradient coils installed in a tabletop MRI system (0.34 T) show that we can get images with in-plane resolution of 50 μm and good image signal-to-noise in seconds using fast pulse sequences (fast gradient echo).
Quantum transport theory for nanostructures with Rashba spin-orbital interaction (2005)

We report on a general theory for analyzing quantum transport through devices in the metal-QD-metal configuration where QD is a quantum dot or the device-scattering region which contains Rashba spin-orbital and electron-electron interactions. The metal leads may or may not be ferromagnetic, and they are assumed to weakly couple to the QD region. Our theory is formulated by second quantizing the Rashba spin-orbital interaction in spectral space (instead of real space), and quantum transport is then analyzed within the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. The Rashba interaction causes two main effects to the Hamiltonian: (i) it gives rise to an extra spin-dependent phase factor in the coupling matrix elements between the leads and the QD, and (ii) it gives rise to an interlevel spin-flip term, but forbids any intralevel spin flips. Our formalism provides a starting point for analyzing many quantum transport issues where spin-orbital effects are important. As an example, we investigate the transport properties of a Aharnov-Bohm ring in which a QD having a Rashba spin-orbital and electron-electron interactions is located in one arm of the ring. A substantial spin-polarized conductance or current emerges in this device due to the combined effect of a magnetic flux and the Rashba interaction. The direction and strength of the spin polarization are shown to be controllable by both the magnetic flux and a gate voltage.
Frequency range dependent TE<sub>10</sub> to TE<sub>20</sub> mode converter (2009)

Abstract We have reported that single‐mode propagation is available for a metallic waveguide with dielectric rods arrayed at the center of the waveguide in the frequency under twice the cutoff frequency region using the TE 10 mode, and in the frequency over twice the cutoff frequency region using the TE 20 mode. In this investigation, a mode converter is proposed, which passes through a TE 10 mode for low frequency range and converts TE 10 to TE 20 mode for the high frequency range. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 169–171, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24886
Recurrent education in the Federal Republic of Germany (1972)

Erwachsenenbildung, Volkshochschule, Bildungsurlaub, Arbeitsförderungsgesetz, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Weiterbildung
<i>MET</i> Amplification Leads to Gefitinib Resistance in Lung Cancer by Activating ERBB3 Signaling (2007)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib are effective treatments for lung cancers with EGFR activating mutations, but these tumors invariably develop drug resistance. Here, we describe a gefitinib-sensitive lung cancer cell line that developed resistance to gefitinib as a result of focal amplification of the MET proto-oncogene. inhibition of MET signaling in these cells restored their sensitivity to gefitinib. MET amplification was detected in 4 of 18 (22%) lung cancer specimens that had developed resistance to gefitinib or erlotinib. We find that amplification of MET causes gefitinib resistance by driving ERBB3 (HER3)-dependent activation of PI3K, a pathway thought to be specific to EGFR/ERBB family receptors. Thus, we propose that MET amplification may promote drug resistance in other ERBB-driven cancers as well.
Native and Artificial Reticuloplasmins Co-Accumulate in Distinct Domains of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and in Post-Endoplasmic Reticulum Compartments (2001)

We compared the subcellular distribution of native and artificial reticuloplasmins in endosperm, callus, and leaf tissues of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) to determine the distribution of these proteins among endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and post-ER compartments. The native reticuloplasmin was calreticulin. The artificial reticuloplasmin was a recombinant single-chain antibody (scFv), expressed with an N-terminal signal peptide and the C-terminal KDEL sequence for retrieval to the ER (scFvT84.66-KDEL). We found that both molecules were distributed in the same manner. In endosperm, each accumulated in ER-derived prolamine protein bodies, but also in glutelin protein storage vacuoles, even though glutelins are known to pass through the Golgi apparatus en route to these organelles. This finding may suggest that similar mechanisms are involved in the sorting of reticuloplasmins and rice seed storage proteins. However, the presence of reticuloplasmins in protein storage vacuoles could also be due to simple dispersal into these compartments during protein storage vacuole biogenesis, before glutelin deposition. In callus and leaf mesophyll cells, both reticuloplasmins accumulated in ribosome-coated vesicles probably derived directly from the rough ER.
Metalloprotease from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (1975)

Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki was shown to produce an extracellular, metal chelator-sensitive protease during the early stages of sporulation. Protease production in nutrient broth was dependent upon supplementation with Mn2+ or Ca2. The addition of Ca24 was required for enzyme stabilization...
Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Selective Oxidative Functionalization of (Thio)chromones with Alkanes (2014)

C-C bond formation is the most fundamental way for the chain propagation in organic molecules. This achievement through tandem oxidation of two different C-H bonds represents the state of the art in organic synthesis. Selective functionalization of the ubiquitous aliphatic C-H bonds offers an attractive option for this oxidative cross-coupling methodology. To develop such a methodology under mild and "metal-free" conditions remains challenging. Herein, we report hypervalent iodine-mediated selective oxidative functionalization of aliphatic C-H bonds of alkanes with chromones and (thio)chromones. A wide range of alkanes, both cyclic and acyclic, has been found to react selectively and predictably in good yields. The developed methodology is also the first report of a direct oxidative functionalization of the C-2 position of (thio)chromones with alkanes to access bioactive compounds.
Contractile activity of skeletal musculature involved in breathing is essential for normal lung cell differentiation, as revealed in <i>Myf5−/−:MyoD−/−</i> embryos (2005)

In the current study, the role of contractile activity of respiratory muscles in fetal lung growth and cell differentiation was examined using Myf5-/-:MyoD-/- mouse embryos. As previously found, Myf5-/-:MyoD-/- mouse embryos had no respiratory musculature. Consequently, they suffered from pulmonary hypoplasia and died shortly after birth. The hypoplastic lung had decreased proliferation and increased apoptotic index as early as embryonic day 14.5. By contrast, only at the last gestational day, the number of lung cells expressing platelet derived growth factor B and insulin growth factor I was decreased, while the gradient of the thyroid transcription factor 1 was not maintained. Type II pneumocytes had a failure in glycogen utilization and surfactant storage and secretion but were able to synthesize the surfactant-associated proteins. Type I pneumocytes were readily detectable using an early differentiation marker (i.e., Gp38). However, the late differentiation of type I pneumocytes never occurred, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Together, our findings suggest that pulmonary distension due to fetal breathing-like movements plays an important role not only in lung growth but also in lung cell differentiation.
Lentivector Iterations and Pre-Clinical Scale-Up/Toxicity Testing: Targeting Mobilized CD34 + Cells for Correction of Fabry Disease (2017)

Fabry disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSD). We designed multiple recombinant lentivirus vectors (LVs) and tested their ability to engineer expression of human α-galactosidase A (α-gal A) in transduced Fabry patient CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic cells. We further investigated the safety and efficacy of a clinically directed vector, LV/AGA, in both ex vivo cell culture studies and animal models. Fabry mice transplanted with LV/AGA-transduced hematopoietic cells demonstrated α-gal A activity increases and lipid reductions in multiple tissues at 6 months after transplantation. Next we found that LV/AGA-transduced Fabry patient CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic cells produced even higher levels of α-gal A activity than normal CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic cells. We successfully transduced Fabry patient CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic cells with "near-clinical grade" LV/AGA in small-scale cultures and then validated a clinically directed scale-up transduction process in a GMP-compliant cell processing facility. LV-transduced Fabry patient CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic cells were subsequently infused into NOD/SCID/Fabry (NSF) mice; α-gal A activity corrections and lipid reductions were observed in several tissues 12 weeks after the xenotransplantation. Additional toxicology studies employing NSF mice xenotransplanted with the therapeutic cell product demonstrated minimal untoward effects. These data supported our successful clinical trial application (CTA) to Health Canada and opening of a "first-in-the-world" gene therapy trial for Fabry disease.
World-first implantable aortic valvo-pump (IAVP) with sufficient haemodynamic capacity (2005)

For better anatomic and physiologic fitting, a novel implantable aortic valvo-pump (IAVP) has been developed. A valvo-pump is a micro axial flow impeller pump, which has the same dimensions and function, as well as the same location, of a valve. Therefore, IAVP needs no inlet and outlet tubes, no additional anatomic occupation, and has less physiologic disturbance to natural circulation compared with the traditional bypass left ventricular assist device (LVAD). The device has a stator and a rotor. The stator consists of a motor coil with an iron core and an outflow guide vane; the rotor includes driven magnets and impeller. There is neither bearing nor strut in both the pump and the motor. In order to reduce the attractive force between the rotor and the stator, so as to enhance the durability of the performance, the rotor magnets were minimized without reducing the driving torque and efficiency of the motor. The impeller vane was designed according to a three-dimensional and analytical method, for preventing stasis and turbulence. The largest outer diameter is 24.7 mm and the length at this point is 12.4 mm. The total weight is 40 g (including the rotor of 11 g). The consumed power is 7 W (14 V x 0.5 A) at 15 000 rpm. This rotating speed stays unchanged during haemodynamic testing together with a pulsatile centrifugal pump, which imitates a failing ventricle. The maximal flow cross IAVP reaches over 10 l min(-1) and the pressure head at 0 l min(-1) can be as large as 80 mmHg. At flow rate of 4 - 8 l min(-1), IAVP enlarges the flow c. 1 l min(-1) and meanwhile increases the pressure about 10 mmHg. The pressure pulsatility generated by the pulsatile centrifugal pump remains 40 mmHg after passing IAVP. By first animal experimental trial the device was sewed in aortic position of an 80 kg pig without harm to adjacent tissue and organs. IAVP promises to be a viable alternative to natural donor heart for heart transplantation in the future.
A Colorimetric and Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Palladium (2011)

A colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for the palladium species has been developed based on the Pd(0)-catalyzed cleavage of an allyoxycarbonyl group of amines under mild conditions. The probe displays a highly sensitive and selective response with significant changes in both color (from colorless to jade-green) and fluorescence (from blue to green), through the ICT process.
Multivalent Macromolecules Redirect Nucleation-Dependent Fibrillar Assembly into Discrete Nanostructures (2014)

Manipulating the size and shape of noncovalent multivalent assemblies is an ongoing challenge in the field of supramolecular polymers. Following a mechanistic approach, we reasoned that nucleation-elongation kinetics presents unique opportunities for controlled growth since the final outcome is likely to depend on the structure and dynamics of critical-nucleus formation. Taking fibrillar assembly of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide as the model system of nucleation-dependent supramolecular polymerization, here we report multivalent polymer-peptide conjugates (mPPCs) that redirect fibrillar assembly of Aβ to form discrete nanostructures. The mPPCs were rationally designed to target Aβ intermediates formed prior to critical nucleation. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies show that in the presence of mPPCs, Aβ self-assembles into zero-dimensional discrete nanostructures with lateral dimensions approximately in 5-35 nm, while Aβ alone self-assembles into one-dimensional fibrils in micrometer. Thioflavin T kinetics fluorescence assays demonstrate that mPPCs suppress Aβ fibrillogenesis. The mPPCs may thus represent a prototypical molecular design of multivalent macromolecules able to control the final shape of supramolecular polymers assembled via a nucleation-dependent mechanism.
Opposing effects of engagement of integrins and stimulation of cytokine receptors on cell cycle progression of normal human hematopoietic progenitors (2000)

We evaluated the effect of beta1-integrin receptor engagement on the expression and activity of cell cycle regulatory proteins in CD34(+) cells under conditions that mimic the steady-state marrow microenvironment and in the presence of supraphysiological concentrations of interleukin-3 (IL3) and stem cell factor (SCF). Adhesion of CD34(+) progenitors to fibronectin (FN) was similar whether IL3 or SCF was present or absent. Engagement of beta1-integrins blocked S-phase entry of CD34(+) cells in the absence of IL3 or SCF, whereas addition of 10 ng/mL IL3 or SCF prevented such a block in S-phase entry. In the absence of IL3 or SCF, cyclin-E levels were significantly lower and p27(KIP1) levels significantly higher in FN-adherent than in FN-nonadherent cells, or than in poly-L-lysine (PLL)-adherent or (PLL)-nonadherent cells. Cyclin-dependent-kinase (cdk)-2 activity was decreased and levels of cyclin-E-cdk2 complexes were lower in FN-adherent than in PLL-adherent cells. In contrast, cyclin-E and p27(KIP1) protein levels and cdk2 activity in cells adherent to FN in the presence of IL3 or SCF were similar to those in PLL-adherent and FN-nonadherent or PLL-nonadherent cells. In conclusion, under physiological cytokine conditions, integrin engagement prevents S-phase entrance of CD34(+) cells, which is associated with elevated levels of the contact-dependent cyclin kinase inhibitor p27(KIP1). Supraphysiological concentrations of IL3 or SCF prevent p27(KIP1) elevation and override the integrin-mediated inhibition of entry into S phase.
Conditional overexpression of TGFβ1 promotes pulmonary inflammation, apoptosis and mortality via TGFβR2 in the developing mouse lung (2015)

Our study has demonstrated the potential role of inhibition of TGFβ1 signaling via TGFβR2 for improved survival, reduced inflammation and apoptosis that may provide insights for the development of potential therapeutic strategies targeted against HALI and BPD.
Towards a global solution to high level synthesis problems (1990)

Since the various tasks as scheduling, operator allocation and module selection involved in the high level synthesis are strongly interdependent, a global solution to the high level synthesis problems becomes necessary. Therefore, a global optimization process which simultaneously performs scheduling, operators allocation and module selection, is presented in this paper. The search for a good solution in a realistic enough design space is made possible thanks to a global optimization algorithm which is simulated-annealing-based and improved by a pseudo-deterministic control. In the absence of other challenging global methods for both scheduling-operator allocation and module selection, the proposed global optimization algorithm is compared to a regular simulated annealing. Experimental results are shown in this paper and highlight a significant speed-up over a regular simulated annealing.- ranging from 45% to 73% on medium size problems (for instance the fifth order elliptic digital wave filter).- ranging from 82% to 235% on small size problems (the radix-2 FFT example (pipelined architecture)).- A much more complex example (from line-detection algorithm of [Danielson]) is briefly exposed and used to test the capability of the proposed method for processing such level of complexity.
Molecular characteristics of antibodies bearing an anti-DNA-associated idiotype. (1991)

Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies are the hallmark of the disease systemic lupus erythematosus and are believed to contribute to pathogenesis. While a large number of anti-DNA antibodies from mice with lupus-like syndromes have been characterized and their variable region genes sequenced, few human anti-DNA antibodies have been reported. We describe here the variable region gene sequences of eight antibodies produced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cells that bear the 3I idiotype, an idiotype expressed on anti-DNA antibodies and present in high titer in patients with systemic lupus. The comparison of these antibodies to the light chains of 3I+ myeloma proteins and serum antibodies reveals that EBV transformation yields B cells producing antibodies representative of the expressed antibody repertoire. The analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of these antibodies suggests the first complementarity determining region of the light chain may be important in DNA binding and that paradigms previously generated to account for DNA binding require modification. The understanding of the molecular genetics of the anti-DNA response requires a more complete description of the immunoglobulin germ line repertoire, but data reported here suggest that somatic diversification is a characteristic of the anti-DNA response.
Premiums-Discounts and Exchange Traded Funds (2006)

Closed-end mutual funds present a long-standing puzzle for financial economists because they so commonly trade at substantial discounts to their net asset value (NAV) (or occasionally, premiums), thus violating the “law of one price.” Open-end funds do not have this problem because their investors are always able to sell or redeem shares at NAV. The growing population of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) fall somewhere in between: most investors acquire or liquidate ETF holdings by trading them in the market, which allows deviations between prices and NAVs. But ETFs may also be redeemed or created by deposit or withdrawal of actual shares, which tends to eliminate long-run differences between market prices and NAVs. Yet apparent differences, sometimes substantial ones, do exist. These may be partly spurious though—for example, if some of the transactions prices used in calculating NAV are stale or subject to bid-ask bounce. This article addresses the issue in the context of an errors-in-variables model, in which different potential sources of pricing errors are modeled explicitly. For some ETFs, the existence of a futures market on the same underlying index provides an additional source of information about true NAV. By contrast, NAVs for international ETFs may be based on prices for stocks in foreign markets that are closed when the ETF is trading in the U.S. Engle and Sarkar show that much of the apparent premium or discount between ETF market prices and NAVs can be explained by measurement errors, and that these are smaller and more quickly reversed for domestic ETFs—especially those with associated futures trading—than for international ETFs. <b>TOPICS:</b>Exchange-traded funds and applications, passive strategies
Pharmacotherapy effects on smoking cessation vary with nicotine metabolism gene (<i><scp>CYP2A6</scp></i>) (2013)

Nicotine replacement therapy is effective among individuals with fast, but not slow, CYP2A6-defined nicotine metabolism. The effect of bupropion on relapse likelihood is unlikely to be affected by nicotine metabolism as estimated from CYP2A6 genotype. The variation in treatment responses among smokers with genes may guide future personalized smoking cessation interventions.
Behavior of Stacking Faults in TEDREC Phenomena for 4.5 kV SiCGT (2008)

The behavior of stacking faults with regard to Vf degradations and TEDREC phenomena for 4.5 kV SiCGT have been investigated through the use of light emission images. Stacking faults, which cause Vf degradations, are expanded when current densities are increased. A novel phenomena of Vf degradation reduction, TEDREC phenomena, was found, which can reduce degradation by increasing operating temperature. It was observed for the first time that stacking faults become inactive by elevating temperatures to more than 150 oC in spite of existing stacking faults, which is a factor that contributes to TEDREC phenomena.
Isolation of a specific lipoamide dehydrogenase for a branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida (1981)

We purified lipoamide dehydrogenase from cells of Pseudomonas putida PpG2 grown on glucose (LPD-glu) and lipoamide dehydrogenase from cells grown on valine (LPD-val), which contained branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase. LPD-glu had a molecular weight of 56,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and LPD-val had a molecular weight of 49,000. The pH optimum for LPD-glu for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation was 7.4, compared with pH 6.5 for LPD-val. When oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide was included in the assay mixture, the pH optima were 7.1 and 5.7, respectively. There was also a difference in pH optima between the two enzymes for oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduction, but the Michaelis constants and maximum velocities were similar. A purified preparation of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, which was deficient in lipoamide dehydrogenase, was stimulated 10-fold by LPD-val but not by LPD-glu, which suggested that the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase of P. putida has a specific requirement for LPD-val. In contrast, a partially purified preparation of 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase that was deficient in lipoamide dehydrogenase was stimulated by LPD-glu but not by LPD-val, indicating that this complex has a specific requirement of LPD-glu.