gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and safety of apremilast (CC-10004) in subjects with hepatic impairment (2014)

Apremilast (CC-10004), a PDE4 enzyme inhibitor, is under clinical development for the treatment of inflammatory immune-mediated disorders. Since apremilast is extensively metabolised via multiple routes, impact of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of apremilast and M12 metabolite was evaluated. Thirty-two subjects were enrolled in a two-centre, open-label, and single-dose study. Subjects with moderate hepatic impairment and their healthy matches received a single 30-mg dose and subjects with severe hepatic impairment and their healthy matches received a single 20-mg dose of apremilast. Plasma concentrations of apremilast and M12 were measured, PK parameters calculated, and statistically compared. During the study, single doses of apremilast were well tolerated, with no clinically meaningful safety findings observed. PK parameters were comparable between hepatic impaired and healthy subjects, and there was no evidence to suggest that the PK of apremilast is affected by moderate and severe hepatic impairment. Therefore, no dose adjustment is required.
A stripline resonator for ESR (1974)

A stripline resonator for ESR is described. Spectra obtained show that the relatively low Q value, as compared with a standard cavity, is to a high degree compensated by the higher filling factor. The same resonator can be used for different frequencies. At low ESR frequencies the size of the resonator is much smaller than that of a cavity. A possibility of obtaining circularly polarized radiation is pointed out.
Expression of peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) in various tumors (2005)

Abstract Peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4/PADI4) posttranslationally converts peptidylarginine to citrulline, in a process known as citrullination. Evidence suggests that PAD4 plays an essential role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA synovium has many features in common with tumor tissues, including abnormal cell proliferation, extensive fibrin deposition, high coagulation activity, and extreme angiogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate expression of PAD4 in various tumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry indicated that PAD4 had significant expression in many tumor tissues, especially various adenocarcinoma. Western blotting with anti PAD4 antibody and immunostaining with anti citrulline antibody confirmed the expression of the enzyme in these tumors. Furthermore, our immunohistochemistry also detected co‐location of PAD4 with cytokeratin (CK), a well‐known tumor marker for oncological study in many tumors. Western blot analysis also detected citrulline signals in CK extracted from the tumors. In addition, CK 8, 18, and 19 following in vitro citrullination resisted to the digestion of caspase. The results further confirm the expression of PAD4 in the tumors and support that PAD4 may contribute to the disrupted apoptosis of tumors by caspase‐mediated cleavage of CK. Double immunofluorescent labeling detected co‐location of PAD4 with CD34, a cell marker of heamatopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) in bone marrow and other normal tissues, as well as in some fibroblast‐like cells at stroma region of tumors, but not in the tumor cells. The findings imply that PAD4 is initially expressed in CD34+ cells of bone marrow and then distributed in derives of the multi‐potent progenitor cells in diverse tissues. The development of tumor cells expressing PAD4 is possibly associated with abnormal proliferation of CD34+ stem cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single-Electron-Phonon Interaction in a Suspended Quantum Dot Phonon Cavity (2004)

An electron-phonon cavity consisting of a quantum dot embedded in a freestanding GaAs/AlGaAs membrane is characterized using Coulomb blockade measurements at low temperatures. We find a complete suppression of single electron tunneling around zero bias leading to the formation of an energy gap in the transport spectrum. The observed effect is induced by the excitation of a localized phonon mode confined in the cavity. This phonon blockade of transport is lifted at discrete magnetic fields where higher electronic states with nonzero angular momentum are brought into resonance with the phonon energy.
Joint encryption error correction and modulation (JEEM) scheme (2012)

The major challenges facing resource constrained wireless devices are error resilience, security, and speed. In order to address these challenges, we present a physical layer encryption scheme that is capable of providing data reliability, secrecy and integrity. In addition, the scheme is also able to modulate the data. We construct joint encryption, error correction and modulation scheme to facilitate secure, reliable and efficient data transmission. This scheme is based on McEliece public key cryptosystem.
A &#x00B1;1.5% nonlinearity 0.1-to-100A shunt current sensor based on a 6kV isolated micro-transformer for electrical vehicles and home automation (2011)

A wide range of current-sensing techniques has been developed to satisfy various electrical and electronics applications requirements. In high-voltage applications, the main issue is the electrical isolation with accurate measurement at low signal levels. Isolated shunt technology is an attractive and versatile solution for current sensing. Electrical isolated products usually need a power supply at both low and high voltage sides. An original topology that needs only one power supply at the secondary (low voltage) side is reported. In this paper, we introduce an implementation of an integrated shunt current-measurement microsystem based on a 6 kV isolated micro-transformer. This work finds its applications in many domains such as hybrid or electric vehicle battery monitoring or motor control, system building automation or smart grids, where small size and low cost are required.
Ein Verfahren zum elektrochemischen Polieren und Atzen passivierbarer Metalle im gleichen Elektrolyten / A Method of Electrochemically Polishing and Etching Passive Metals in the Same Electrolyte (1980)

Article Ein Verfahren zum elektrochemischen Polieren und Atzen passivierbarer Metalle im gleichen Elektrolyten / A Method of Electrochemically Polishing and Etching Passive Metals in the Same Electrolyte was published on May 1, 1980 in the journal Practical Metallography (volume 17, issue 5).
A Bacterial Pterin Deaminase (1959)

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the bacterial pterin deaminase. In the standard assay, the mixture contains 0.05 ml of pterin carboxylic acid, 0.8 ml of phosphate buffer, and 0.02 to 0.15 ml of enzyme in a final volume of 1.0 ml. Incubation is carried out at 23° in a 1-ml Beckman quartz cuvette with a light path of 1.00 cm. Reaction is begun by the addition of enzyme, and readings of optical density are taken every 3 minutes thereafter. The control cuvette contains buffer and enzyme, but no pterin carboxylic acid. With crude preparations light measurement at 360 mμ is employed. However, with more purified fractions of the deaminase, it is possible to follow the course of the reaction at 290 mμ, the wavelength at which there is observed the largest AE value between substrate and product. The most satisfactory conditions for storage of enzyme fractions were found to be at pH 9.0 in 0.1 M Tris buffer at 0°. Under such conditions pterin deaminase activity remained almost unchanged for several weeks. The pH optimum for pterin deaminase activity occurs between pH 6.3 and 6.7. Although the reaction proceeds in the complete absence of phosphate, the rate of deamination is slightly faster in phosphate than in Tris buffer.
Endogenous protein C activation in patients with severe sepsis (2004)

Preliminary results suggest that adult patients with severe sepsis vary markedly in their ability to convert endogenous protein C to APC. Additional research is required to establish whether endogenous APC activation profiles are useful in the clinical management of patients with severe sepsis.
Fluorescence depolarization in organized media. Two-excited-state reactions controlled by orientation-dependent kinetic rates. I. Theory (2001)

A model describing fluorescence depolarization of fluorophores undergoing the two-ground- and two-excited-state reactions in ordered systems, is discussed. It is assumed that the rates for state-to-state kinetic relaxation process are dependent on angular orientation of fluorophores, and that this process is controlled by fluorophore-matrix ground- and excited-state aligning interactions and by rotational dynamics. The evolution of the two-excited-state system is described by the equation of motion composed of a set of two differential equations for the Green functions, coupling state-dependent molecular ordering and rotational dynamics with the orientation-dependent kinetic relaxation. A method of solving the motion equation is outlined. The main properties of the solution to motion equation and its information content on angular alignment and potential-restricted rotational dynamics of fluorophores, are discussed in detail. An illustrative example manifesting the effect of orientation-dependent excited-state reversible interconversion process on fluorescence depolarization, is presented. Two experimental arrangements enabling the recovery of the model parameters are presented and discussed. Possible applications of the model to different cases important from the experimental point of view, are indicated and discussed.
Spectral broadening of mid-infrared femtosecond pulses in GaAs (2009)

We achieved efficient spectral broadening for mid-IR pulses of few-microjoule energy. The spectral bandwidth of the femtosecond pulses at the center wavelength of 5000 nm increased from 540 nm to 2060 nm (from 220 to 910 cm(-1) in frequency) by nonlinear propagation in a gallium arsenide single crystal. The spectral broadening was accompanied by nonlinear absorption loss of 25%. The demonstrated scheme should be available at any operation wavelength within the material transparency range and provides a useful tool in nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy.
Device Programming for His Bundle Pacing (2019)

Although permanent His bundle pacing was first reported almost 2 decades ago, it is only recently gaining wider adoption, following facilitation of the implant procedure by dedicated tools. An additional challenge is programming the system, as His bundle pacing may have specific configurations and require special considerations which current implantable pulse generators are not designed for. The aim of this article is to provide practical recommendations for programming His bundle pacing, to deliver optimal therapy and ensure patient safety.
Wave Propagation in Elastic Plates: Low and High Mode Dispersion (1957)

This is an analysis of dispersive properties of elastic plates in vacuo. For low modes there exists conclusive experimental verification of these properties. Model studies show prominent arrivals having the proper spectra and velocities for group velocity maxima and minima corresponding to several symmetric and anti-symmetric modes. In addition, detailed calculations based upon exact formulas predict some new and as yet unconfirmed properties of plates, e.g., negative phase velocities. New results concerning high modes of propagation are also displayed. These modes are of considerable theoretical interest since they belong to the transition region between the domains of validity of the wave and ray theories. The structure of the symmetric and antisymmetric fiftieth mode dispersion curves illustrates that for a given angle of incidence the propagating energy will be either chiefly shear or chiefly compressional, passage from one to the other corresponding to energy transfer between symmetrical and antisymmetrical modes or propagation. Comparison with multilayered liquid wave guides are mentioned.
Early antidepressant effect of memantine during augmentation of lamotrigine inadequate response in bipolar depression: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (2012)

This proof-of-concept study failed to show a statistically significant benefit of memantine augmentation of lamotrigine for patients with BD-D over eight weeks. However, memantine had an antidepressant effect early on in the treatment while its dose was being titrated up. Larger placebo-controlled studies are needed to ascertain optimal timing and dosing for memantine augmentation of lamotrigine in BD-D.
The helix-coil transition of closed and nicked DNAs in aqueous neutral trichloroacetate solutions (1978)

The melting transition for closed, underwound DNAs and for nicked or linear DNAs was monitored by velocity sedimentation and by absorbance spectroscopy in aqueous NaCCl3CO2 (NaTCA) and RbTCA. The addition of neutral trichloroacetate lowers the midpoint of the helix-coil transition by 26% C/M for RbTCA and by 32% C/M for NaTCA, depressing the denaturation region to near room temperature at neutral pH. The melting of nicked DNA is cooperative, occurring over a temperature range of about 5.6 degrees C. The melting profile for closed DNA is broad and noncooperative with a transition breadth greater than 45 degrees. Closed DNAs undergo a structural alteration, as revealed by velocity sedimentation, resulting in a reduction in the number of superhelical turns at temperatures and salt concentrations substantially below the melting temperatures and salt concentrations substantially below the melting temperature of the nicked DNA. The reduction in the extent of supercoiling continues upon isothermal addition of salt up to the salt concentration at which all superhelical turns are removed. The salt concentration at the principal minimum in the sedimentation velocity profile (3.16 M NaTCA for PM-2 DNA) is approximately the same as that at the midpoint of the helix-coil transition for the nicked DNA.
Aspects of introducing EDGE in existing GSM networks (2002)

The use of higher level modulation to provide Enhanced Data rates for Global/GSM Evolution (EDGE) is currently being standardized for GSM by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and is also adopted for D-AMPS (IS-136) evolution by the Universal Wireless Communications Consortium (UWCC). This paper discusses a number of important aspects of introducing EDGE in an existing GSM system, such as the modifications needed in the GSM architecture and equipment, and the impact on radio network planning. Radio network simulations have been performed with a mix of GSM/GPRS users and enhanced GPRS (EGPRS) users, and the results indicate that EDGE can share the same spectrum as GSM/GPRS with good quality for both types of users. The quality is further improved by use of quality based power control.
A novel procedure for fabricating flexible screen-printed electrodes with improved electrochemical performance (2016)

Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) with improved electrochemical performance were fabricated in this study. The SPEs on hydrophilic surface of polyethylene ethylene terephthalate (PET) film showed better electrochemical behaviour than that on hydrophobic surface. The optimal condition of pretreating fresh SPEs was that alternately dealt with chemical treatment (soaked in 3M NaOH solutions for 1h) and high temperature curing (heated at 120 °C for 15 min) for two times. After chemical treatment, the electrochemical performance of self-made SPEs was better than the commercial three electrodes system. By analyzing cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves, we found that the oxidation peak currents and peak to peak separation reached 407.65 μA and 111.16 mV, which mean the sensitivity and electron transfer rate improved 1.9 times and 3.8 times compared with fresh SPEs, and 2 times and 3 times compared with commercial DropSens (DS) electrodes. The obtained SPEs were stable, convenient and inexpensive, which could be extensively applied for developing novel electrochemical sensors.
Transgenic GDNF Positively Influences Proliferation, Differentiation, Maturation and Survival of Motor Neurons Produced from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2016)

Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are pluripotent and thus can differentiate into every cell type present in the body. Directed differentiation into motor neurons (MNs) has been described for pluripotent cells. Although neurotrophic factors promote neuronal survival, their role in neuronal commitment is elusive. Here, we developed double-transgenic lines of mouse ESC (mESC) that constitutively produce glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and also contain a GFP reporter, driven by HB9, which is expressed only by postmitotic MNs. After lentiviral transduction, ESC lines integrated and expressed the human GDNF (hGDNF) gene without altering pluripotency markers before differentiation. Further, GDNF-ESC showed significantly higher spontaneous release of this neurotrophin to the medium, when compared to controls. To study MN induction, control and GDNF cell lines were grown as embryoid bodies and stimulated with retinoic acid and Sonic Hedgehog. In GDNF-overexpressing cells, a significant increase of proliferative Olig2+ precursors, which are specified as spinal MNs, was found. Accordingly, GDNF increases the yield of cells with the pan motor neuronal markers HB9, monitored by GFP expression, and Isl1. At terminal differentiation, almost all differentiated neurons express phenotypic markers of MNs in GDNF cultures, with lower proportions in control cells. To test if the effects of GDNF were present at early differentiation stages, exogenous recombinant hGDNF was added to control ESC, also resulting in enhanced MN differentiation. This effect was abolished by the co-addition of neutralizing anti-GDNF antibodies, strongly suggesting that differentiating ESC are responsive to GDNF. Using the HB9::GFP reporter, MNs were selected for electrophysiological recordings. MNs differentiated from GDNF-ESC, compared to control MNs, showed greater electrophysiological maturation, characterized by increased numbers of evoked action potentials (APs), as well as by the appearance of rebound APs, sag inward rectification, spike frequency adaptation and spontaneous synaptic potentials. Upon challenge with kainate, GDNF-overexpressing cells are more resistant to excitotoxicity than control MNs. Together these data indicate that GDNF promotes proliferation of MN-committed precursors, promotes neuronal differentiation, enhances maturation, and confers neuroprotection. GDNF-expressing ESC can be useful in studies of development and disease.
Propagation of Low Energy Solar Electrons (1981)

Two events are reported in which 2-10 keV electrons of solar energy have undergone significant adiabatic mirroring and pitch angle scattering in large scale magnetic structures in the interplanetary medium within a distance of about 0.5 AU from the earth. Electrons of 3 keV, typical of the energies measured, have a speed of about one-tenth of the speed of light, so that their travel time from the sun at 0 deg pitch angle would be about 100 minutes. Their cyclotron radius is about 20 km for a pitch angle of 30 deg, and a field of magnitude of 5 nT, and the cyclotron period is about 7.1 milliseconds. The electrons are scattered by spatial variations in the interplanetary magnetic field. When the spatial variations are convected past a stationary spacecraft by a 500 km/sec solar wind, they are seen as temporal fluctuations at a frequency of about 3 Hz.
Si rib waveguide photodetector with an ordered array of Ge islands for 15 μm (2009)

This work demonstrates a rib waveguide photodetector based on a vertical Si p-i-n junction with Ge islands operating in the spectral region around lambda=1.55 microm at room temperature. A vertical stack of four layers of Ge islands is grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a silicon-on-insulator. Each layer is organized in a two-dimensional square grid with a period of 460 nm. The spectral response of the detector extends well beyond 1.6 mum at 300 K. The absorption length of approximately 135 microm (at 1/e decrease of intensity) at lambda=1.55 microm along the waveguide allows for relatively small-size devices for all-on-one-platform integration.
Optimization of the signal-to-noise ratio of frequency-domain instrumentation for near-infrared spectro-imaging of the human brain (2003)

Frequency-domain near-infrared spectro-imaging offers significant advantages over the continuous-wave method in human brain applications. However, the drawback of existing instruments is a low signal-to-noise ratio for measured phase and modulation depth changes caused by cerebral activation. In this paper we show that in the case of the geometry specific for the activated area in the human brain, the SNR can be significantly improved by increasing the modulation frequency. We present the results of two studies: one performed experimentally using a subnanosecond pulsed light source and a spherical absorbing inhomogeneity immersed in a highly scattering solution, and the other performed numerically using Monte Carlo simulations of light transport in an MRI based digital phantom of the adult human head. We show that changes caused by the absorbing inhomogeneity in both phase and modulation depth increase with frequency and reach maximum values at frequencies between 400 and 1400 MHz, depending on the particular source-detector distance. We also show that for the human head geometry an increase of the modulation frequency from 100 to 500 MHz can increase the phase SNR 2-3 times, and the modulation depth SNR up to 10 times.
The Effect of Dimensionality Reduction on Software Vulnerability Prediction Models (2016)

Statistical prediction models can be an effective technique to identify vulnerable components in large software projects. Two aspects of vulnerability prediction models have a profound impact on their performance: 1) the features (i.e., the characteristics of the software) that are used as predictors and 2) the way those features are used in the setup of the statistical learning machinery. In a previous work, we compared models based on two different types of features: software metrics and term frequencies (text mining features). In this paper, we broaden the set of models we compare by investigating an array of techniques for the manipulation of said features. These techniques fall under the umbrella of dimensionality reduction and have the potential to improve the ability of a prediction model to localize vulnerabilities. We explore the role of dimensionality reduction through a series of cross-validation and cross-project prediction experiments. Our results show that in the case of software metrics, a dimensionality reduction technique based on confirmatory factor analysis provided an advantage when performing cross-project prediction, yielding the best F-measure for the predictions in five out of six cases. In the case of text mining, feature selection can make the prediction computationally faster, but no dimensionality reduction technique provided any other notable advantage.
Synthesis, characterization and prospective applications of nitrogen-doped graphene: A short review (2017)

Graphene is a high crystalline material possessing the high electronic qualities. Doping of nitrogen in graphene is to tailor/control the electronic, chemical and structural properties of graphene by manipulating it through the means of doping such as its surface area and functional sites. Different configurations i.e. Pyridinic N, Pyrrolic N, Graphitic N are obtained while doping nitrogen into graphene. This review paper focusses on various synthesis and characterization techniques for the analysis of structural configurations of the nitrogen-doped graphene and its potential applications in various fields such as nanoelectronics, energy storage and electrochemical biosensing.