gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of azole derivatives with cytochrome P‐450 isozymes in yeast, fungi, plants and mammalian cells (1987)

Abstract Yeast and plant membranes contain rather small amounts of cytochrome P–450 as compared with membrane fractions prepared from bovine adrenal cortex, piglet testis and rabbit liver. The agricultural fungicides azaconazole, penconazole, propiconazole and imazalil showed a much greater affinity for microsomal cytochrome P–450 isozymes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans (ATCC 28516) than for cytochrome P–450 in microsomal fractions prepared from Jerusalem artichoke tubers, maize shoots, pea seedlings or tulip bulbs and for cytochrome P–450 isozymes in mitochondrial or microsomal fractions from rabbit liver, piglet testis and bovine adrenals. The medicinal azole antifungals miconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole also interacted at much lower concentrations with the microsomal cytochrome P–450 isozymes from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans (ATCC‐28516, ATCC 44859, B 34226/1) than with those in mammalian membranes. Itraconazole showed the highest selectivity; bifonazole was much less selective. The microsomal fraction prepared from C. albicans (isolate B 41628) contained cytochrome P–450 isozymes with a lower affinity than the microsomal fractions from other isolates for miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole. However, itraconazole showed still high affinity for these cytochrome P–450 isozymes. In animal models this C. albicans isolate was less pathogenic and was shown to be less sensitive to azole antifungals both in vitro and in vivo. Azole antifungals inhibited ergosterol synthesis at nanomolar concentrations whereas almost micromolor concentrations were needed to obtain a similar inhibition of cholesterol or phytosterol synthesis. This inhibition coincided with the accumulation of 14α‐methylsterols such as 14‐methyl‐fecosterol, 14‐methyl‐24‐methylene‐ergosterol, 14‐methyl‐ergosta‐8, 24 (28)‐dien‐3β, 6α‐diol, obtusifoliol, lanosterol and 24‐methylenedihydro‐lanosterol. In 24‐h‐old cultures of C. albicans the 3β, 6α‐diol was the major sterol. It is speculated that by making the 14α‐methylsterols less lipophilic the cells are trying to eliminate these membrane‐disturbing compounds. This suggests that the azole‐induced ergosterol depletion might represent a greater contribution to their fungicidal activity than the accumulation of 14α‐methylsterols.
Fast cycle RAM (FCRAM); a 20-ns random row access, pipe-lined operating DRAM (2002)

We propose an ultra-high speed 64-Mbit DRAM, with a random address access time (tRAC) of 26 ns and an address cycle time (tRC) of 20 ns. This memory was built on fundamental changes in the operating concept of DRAMs. The key technologies are described below. (1) Non-address multiplex: this enables minimization of timing lag between the row side and the column side circuitry by adding a timing generator to the chip. This is unlike usual DRAMs in which timings are controlled externally by a CAS clock. The activated block size can be much smaller than usual. Sensing and restore functions are performed by separate circuits, allowing for a minimum delay in the data path. (2) Pipelined operation in RAS circuitry: the DRAM core automatically goes into a reset state after sense/restore operation. After sending data to the output stage, the next row or word line can be driven without any time lag, while the previous data is in the output stage. As a result, the next address can be applied in 20 ns, even for the same bank. Data I/O of this RAM is comprised of a 64-bit parallel port, resulting in 3.2 Gb/s bandwidth even in the random address access mode.
Syntheses and reactions of alkylpyrimidines. (1985)

In the first half of the present paper, the methods with experimental simplicity for the preparation of various alkyl (aryl) pyrimidines are reviewed. In the second half, the reactions of alkylpyrimididines are described in view of synthetic chemistry. Some of these are utilizable for the construction of carbon functional groups on pyrimidine rings.
A Leucine Zipper Motif in the Ectodomain of Sendai Virus Fusion Protein Assembles in Solution and in Membranes and Specifically Binds Biologically-Active Peptides and the Virus (1997)

We have detected a leucine zipper-like motif in the ectodomain of the Sendai virus fusion protein (aa 269−307) which is extremely conserved in the family of Sendai viruses. To find a possible role for this motif, we synthesized SV-269, a 39 amino acid peptide corresponding to this domain, and a mutant peptide, MuSV-269, with an amino acid pair interchanged their positions. The peptides were labeled with fluorescent probes at their N-terminal amino acid and functionally and structurally characterized. The data show that SV-269, but not MuSV-269, specifically binds Sendai virus. Expectedly, SV-269 is more active than the mutant MuSV-269 in inhibiting Sendai virus-mediated hemolysis. Fluorescence studies reveal that SV-269 assembles in aqueous solution, binds to zwitterionic PC and negatively-charged PS/PC vesicles, and assembles therein. Although MuSV-269 similarly binds to both types of vesicles, it only slightly assembles in solution and not at all in membranes. Moreover, SV-269, but not MuSV-269, coassembles with the biologically-active heptad repeats SV-150 and SV-473 (Rapaport et al., 1995) in solution as revealed by fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and with SV-150 within negatively-charged PS/PC and zwitterionic PC vesicles. Despite these differences, both SV-269 and MuSV-269 adopt similar secondary structures in 40% TFE and 1% SDS as revealed by CD spectroscopy, and disrupt the packing of the lipid bilayers to the same extent, as shown by the dissipation of diffusion potential. The role of this leucine zipper motif is discussed in terms of the assembly of the Sendai virus fusion protein in solution and within membranes. Since most of the heptadic leucines are also conserved in the corresponding domains of other paramyxoviruses such as rinderpest, measles, SV5, and parainfluenza, it may indicate a similar role of this domain in these viruses as well.
Colorimetric representations for use with polarization-difference imaging of objects in scattering media (1998)

Polarization-difference imaging (PDI) has been shown to yield an improvement in the qualitative and quantitative detectability of objects in scattering media. In this investigation, PDI and conventional, polarization-blind imaging are combined to yield a novel representational scheme generally suitable for detection of targets having a low degree of linear polarization and specifically suitable for detection and discrimination of weakly polarizing targets in scattering media. This representational scheme meets several general criteria for optimization of the presentation of low-signal image information to human observers and takes specific advantage of the properties of the opponent-color coding used by the human visual system.
A tri-band reflector antenna with dual band TE/sub 21/ mode tracking (2003)

Reflector antennas employing a single horn dual-band feed, such as S/X, or, C/Ku, normally do not use TE/sub 21/ mode tracking. This paper describes the design and testing of a tri-band reflector antenna, which uses a single horn dual-band feed with two serially connected TE/sub 21/ mode tracking couplers, and its feed subsystem. The reflector antenna is a 5.0 meter shaped Cassegrain antenna operating in L, Ku and Ka bands. It is a receive only antenna with linear/circular switchable polarization and monopulse tracking in all three bands.
Purification and Characterization of Phytase from Bran of Triticum aestivum L.cv. Nourin #61. (1999)

Two phytase isozymes (PHY1 and PHY2) were purified homogeneously from bran of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Nourin #61 by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, methanol fractionation, Sephacryl S-200 HR gel filtration chromatography, DEAE-TOYOPEARL chromatography, CM-TOYOPEARL chromatography and second Sephacryl S-200 HR gel filtration chromatography. Molecular weights of the two enzymes were 71,000 and 66,000 by gel filtration, and 68,000 and 66,000 by SDS-PAGE, respectively. Optimum pH and temperatures were 6.0 and 45°C for PHY1, and 5.5 and 50°C for PHY2. The activity of both phytases was stable at pHs between pH 4.0-7.0 and below 40°C. The Km values for myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) were 0.48 μM for PHY1 and 0.77 μM for PHY2. The Ki values for Pi were 2.69 mM for PHY1 and 6.59 mM for PHY2. Both phytases showed relatively high specificity for IHP.
Rokkatan (2006)

While massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG) involve large numbers of simultaneous players, two other popular game classes -- first-person shooter (FPS) and real-time strategy (RTS) games - are still only rarely considered for massively multiplayer gaming. A main technical problem for scaling these genres to be massively multiplayer is the absence of a suitable scalable multiserver networking approach. While the commonly used zoning concept performs well for an MMORPG, it is barely suitable for RTS and FPS games. As a scalable networking alternative for these genres, this article summarizes our work on the proxy-server architecture, which uses multiple servers for a single game session and implements a full replication of the game state at all proxies. We present our work on the game Rokkatan, our online evaluator game which enables massively multiplayer real-time strategy gaming using our proxy-server network architecture. We discuss the implementation of Rokkatan and analyze the distributed computation of the proxy-server approach by integrating an analytical scalability model into Rokkatan. Our experimental game sessions demonstrate high scalability of Rokkatan, which allows several hundreds of users to participate in a single, fast-paced game session.
검도 경기에서 머리치기 공격의 성공요인 분석 (2001)

The purpose of this study is to analyse the kinematical variables for the successful head attack factors in Kumdo bouts. The bouts included 34 games of 27 preliminary matches for President Cup held in November 2000 were filmed by two video cameras. The DLT technique of 3-dimensional image analysis for calculation of players and their bamboo sword in coordinates value and then the pace, speed, angle between bamboo sword and ground, angular velocity of bamboo sword`s first part, attack distance, and stroke time that give impact on the outcome of the match when attacking head were analyzed. Among the kinematical variables that showed the significance in statistics were the pace, attack distance, and the stroke time. This finding implies that although their direct impacts were not significant the other factors could have indirect impact on attacking head. Thus, the attacker should practice for successful performance.
CryptoCache (2000)

Small mobile computers are now sufficiently powerful to run many applications, but storage capacity remains limited so working files cannot be cached or stored locally. Even if files can be stored locally, the mobile device is not powerful enough to act as server in collaborations with other users. Conventional distributed file systems cache everything locally or not at all; there is no possibility to cache files on nearby nodes.In this paper we present the design of a secure cache system called CryptoCache that allows roaming users to cache files on untrusted file hosting servers. The system allows flexible sharing of cached files among unauthenticated users, i.e. unlike most distributed file systems CryptoCache does not require a global authentication framework.Files are encrypted when they are transferred over the network and while stored on untrusted servers. The system uses public key cryptography, which allows roaming users to selectively grant read and write access to others by entrusting them with respectively the public key or the private key.
Toward an integrated microchip sized 2‐D polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis device for proteomic analysis (2006)

We describe a miniaturized instrument capable of performing 2-DE. Our miniaturized device is able to perform IEF and polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis (PASGE) in the same unit. It consists of a compartment for a first-dimensional IEF gel, which is connected to a second-dimensional PASGE gel. The focused samples are automatically transferred from the IEF gel to the PASGE gel by electromigration. Our preliminary experiments show that the device is able to focus and separate a mixture of proteins in approximately 1 h, excluding the time required for the staining procedure. On average, the gel-to-gel retardation factor (Rf) variation was 6.2% (+/-0.9%) and pI variation was 2.5% (+/-0.6%). Separated protein spots were excised from stained gels, digested with trypsin, and further identified by MS, thus enabling direct proteomic analysis of the separated proteins.
Combinatorial Chemistry Hits the Drug Market (1996)

Combinatorial chemistry is a hot field that's only getting hotter. It burst on the scene in the early 1990s as a way to simultaneously create and then test thousands of related compounds for various kinds of activity, potentially fast-forwarding the process of drug discovery. The method was originally built around large molecules, but they make poor drugs. Now chemists have optimized the complex synthetic reactions needed to make small molecules, the basis for most drugs, and they have discovered ways to make them compatible with the polymer beads that many combinatorial molecules are built upon. “People on our project are getting calls from headhunters everyday,” says one project leader.
Evaluation of biochemical parameters in platelet concentrates stored in glucose solution. (2007)

The metabolic profile of glucose-enriched plasma concentrates on the fifth day of storage, and the different time course of increased LDH concentration, could represent valid parameters to interpret platelet vitality in the successive days of storage. These preliminary data also indicate that glucose might be a good additive for a new storage formulation.
Pneumococcal proteins and the pathogenesis of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (1992)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Intravascular hemodynamic factors responsible for progression of coronary atherosclerosis and development of vulnerable plaque (2000)

The initiation, localization, growth, composition, and rupture of intracoronary atheromatous plaque-factors that define the natural history of coronary artery disease-are all dependent on inhomogenieties and irregularities of intracoronary local blood flow and endothelial shear stress. Restenosis of mechanically recanalized coronary arteries may be related in part to similar abnormalities of disturbed local flood flow and shear stress. Low or reversed shear stress leads to plaque development and progression. High shear stress contributes significantly to plaque rupture. Regions of hemodynamic stasis caused by major luminal irregularities may lead to thrombosis and myocardial infarction without plaque rupture. This review outlines the mechanisms that link hemodynamic factors to plaque development and rupture and describes in some detail recently developed techniques that, for the first time, make it possible to determine these factors in vivo in patients during routine cardiac catheterization procedures.
Pharmacological Management of Chronic Neuropathic Pain: Revised Consensus Statement from the Canadian Pain Society (2014)

These guidelines provide an updated, stepwise approach to the pharmacological management of NeP. Treatment should be individualized for each patient based on efficacy, side-effect profile and drug accessibility, including cost. Additional studies are required to examine head-to-head comparisons among analgesics, combinations of analgesics, long-term outcomes and treatment of pediatric, geriatric and central NeP.
Debugging optimized code with dynamic deoptimization (1992)

SELF's debugging system provides complete source-level debugging ( expected behavior ) with globally optimized code. It shields the debugger from optimizations performed by the compiler by dynamically deoptimizing code on demand. Deoptimization only affects the procedure activations that are actively being debugged; all other code runs at full speed. Deoptimization requires the compiler to supply debugging information at discrete interrupt points ; the compiler can still perform extensive optimizations between interrupt points without affecting debuggability. At the same time, the inability to interrupt between interrupt points is invisible to the user. Our debugging system also handles programming changes during debugging. Again, the system provides expected behavior: it is possible to change a running program and immediately observe the effects of the change. Dynamic deoptimization transforms old compiled code (which may contain inlined copies of the old version of the changed procedure) into new versions reflecting the current source-level state. To the best of our knowledge, SELF is the first practical system providing full expected behavior with globally optimized code.
Research and implementation of LTE NAS security (2010)

In order to transmit the security of NAS message effectively, a method of NAS(Non-Access-Stratum) security implementation is proposal, according to characters and protocol specification of NAS security. By the design of common standard interface, the communication parameters of the process shall been transferred effectively. At the same time, the UE and the MME are divided into different modules. By this method, compatibility and reliability shall been strengthen greatly. After the analysis and the Process Implementation, this method shall deal with the NAS security issue and make transmit successful truth.
Diabetic macular edema: Evidence-based management (2018)

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of vision loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy with an increasing prevalence tied to the global epidemic in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its pathophysiology starts with decreased retinal oxygen tension that manifests as retinal capillary hyperpermeability and increased intravascular pressure mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upregulation and retinal vascular autoregulation, respectively. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is the cornerstone of clinical assessment of DME. The foundation of treatment is metabolic control of hyperglycemia and blood pressure. Specific ophthalmic treatments include intravitreal anti-VEGF drug injections, intravitreal corticosteroid injections, focal laser photocoagulation, and vitrectomy, but a substantial fraction of eyes respond incompletely to all of these modalities resulting in visual loss and disordered retinal structure and vasculature visible on SD-OCT and OCT angiography. Efforts to close the gap between the results of interventions within randomized clinical trials and in real-world contexts, and to reduce the cost of care increasingly occupy innovation in the social organization of ophthalmic care of DME. Pharmacologic research is exploring other biochemical pathways involved in retinal vascular homeostasis that may provide new points of intervention effective in those cases unresponsive to current treatments.
Synthesis and Morphology of Star-Shaped Gold Nanoplates Protected by Poly(<i>N</i>-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (2005)

Well-defined star-shaped gold nanoplates have been prepared by the reduction of HAuCl4 with l-ascorbic acid in the presence of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), and the morphology and crystal growth of star-shaped gold nanoplates have been characterized in detail.
Intrusion signature creation via clustering anomalies (2008)

Current practices for combating cyber attacks typically use Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) to detect and block multistage attacks. Because of the speed and impacts of new types of cyber attacks, current IDSs are limited in providing accurate detection while reliably adapting to new attacks. In signature-based IDS systems, this limitation is made apparent by the latency from day zero of an attack to the creation of an appropriate signature. This work hypothesizes that this latency can be shortened by creating signatures via anomaly-based algorithms. A hybrid supervised and unsupervised clustering algorithm is proposed for new signature creation. These new signatures created in real-time would take effect immediately, ideally detecting new attacks. This work first investigates a modified density-based clustering algorithm as an IDS, with its strengths and weaknesses identified. A signature creation algorithm leveraging the summarizing abilities of clustering is investigated. Lessons learned from the supervised signature creation are then leveraged for the development of unsupervised real-time signature classification. Automating signature creation and classification via clustering is demonstrated as satisfactory but with limitations.
Homoafetividades femininas em Blumenau: cartografias possíveis (2012)

Este artigo é resultado da primeira fase do projeto de pesquisa “Outras Vozes: Análise de Narrativas Homoafetivas femininas em Blumenau”, Santa Catarina. Pela apropriação de vozes de um passado, fazendo uso da história oral, pretendeu-se problematizar os modos de produção de subjetividades. A partir da perspectiva dos estudos de Gênero (interdisciplinar), pretendeu-se construir condições de possibilidade de narrativas de vida deslocados da normatividade que constitui a história centrada na heterossexualidade; problematizar o preconceito, a fim de obter um olhar múltiplo e questionador do engendramento que prolifera o ódio, insultos e injúrias pela constituição da homofobia; enfim, produzir conhecimento e discutir a questão das homoafetividades femininas, ao deslocar “verdades” estabelecidas tanto em nível local (Blumenau), quanto em outros espaços mais abrangentes.
Quantitative features of the stretch response of extrinsic finger muscles in hemiparetic stroke (2000)

Despite its potential importance in hand dysfunction, spasticity in the finger muscles following stroke has not been well described. To explore this area, we assessed the role of finger flexor spasticity, along with that of passive mechanical forces, in resisting finger movement in 13 chronic stroke subjects. Subjects were tested with a device that stretched the extrinsic finger muscles through imposed rotation of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. Both maintained and constant-velocity stretches were imposed. For the constant-velocity stretches, eight of the 13 stroke subjects exhibited strong stretch reflexes, as determined by electromyography and net work. The net work of this reflex response, calculated from the integral of the torque-angle plots, increased proportionally with increasing velocity, indicating a contribution from flexor muscle spasticity. Conversely, nine of the 13 stroke subjects did not possess distinctly greater passive, mechanical resistance to MCP rotation than control subjects. While extensor spasticity was not observed, stretch of the extrinsic finger flexors also produced some reflex activity in the finger extensors concomitant with reflex excitation of the flexors. These findings suggest that resistance to muscle stretching following stoke is mediated primarily by neurological rather than biomechanical disturbances, although changes in muscle fiber length may exaggerate the resistance.