gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transpiration und Mineralstoffeinlagerung der Weinbeere (2015)

Transpiration and accumulation of mineral nutrients in grape berries 3 weeks after full bloom clusters of Silvaner vines were treated with a Na2CO3-olive oil-emulsion (E) or with liquid paraffin (P), respectively, in order to promote or delay transpiration of the berries. • Transpiration (μl H2O · cm-2 · s-1) of untreated berries decreased by about 80 % during the experiment (30-85 d after full bloom); treatment with E increased, treatment with P decreased transpiration. • The Ca content (mg berry-1) of untreated or P-treated berries increased slowly, while in E-treated berries the Ca accumulation increased rapidly. In E-treated berries the Mg and K contents were increased also, but the differences were less often significant. • P-treated be rries did not significantly differ from untreated berries with respect to their Ca, Mg or K contents. • The Ca accumulation in berries and the transpiration rate of these berries are closely correlated (r = +0.7505).
Expression and characterization of a glycine-binding fragment of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1 (1999)

N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels are composed of an NR1 subunit and at least one of the NR2 subunits (NR2A-D). Activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor requires the co-agonists glycine and glutamate. It has been proposed that the NR1 subunit possesses a glycine-binding site. We have expressed a soluble form of the NR1 subunit, which was produced by connecting the N-terminal extracellular region with the extracellular loop between the third and fourth membrane segments, by a baculovirus system along with full-length and truncated membrane-bound forms. The soluble NR1 receptor was efficiently secreted into the culture medium and showed a high affinity for ligands. The Kd of a glycine-site antagonist, [3H]MDL 105,519 [(E)-3-(2-phenyl-2-carboxyethenyl)-4,6-dichloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid], for the soluble receptor was 3.89±0.97 nM, which was comparable to the Kd of 4.47±1.39 nM for the membrane-bound full-length form. These values were close to the values reported previously with the use of rat brain membranes and Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the full-length form of the NR1 subunit. The Ki values of other glycine-site antagonists, L-689,560 (trans-2-carboxy-5,7-dichloro - 4 - phenylaminocarbonylamino - 1,2,3,4 - tetrahydroquinoline), 5,7-dichlorokynurenate and 5,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, for the soluble receptor were also similar to those for the full-length form of NR1. [3H]MDL 105,519 binding was also inhibited by the agonists glycine and D-serine. Thus the affinity and selectivity of ligand-binding characteristics of the NR1 subunit is conferred on the soluble form of the NR1 subunit. This soluble receptor provides a good experimental tool for initiating a biophysical analysis of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel protein.
Non‐liquid as initial meal in mild acute pancreatitis: Renewed meta‐analysis (2018)

In this study, we first evaluated that all of the studies included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Second, the number of patients in the present meta-analysis is larger than before, so the conclusion is more convincing.
Visualization of Support Vector Machines with Unsupervised Learning (2006)

The visualization of support vector machines in realistic settings is a difficult problem due to the high dimensionality of the typical datasets involved. However, such visualizations usually aid the understanding of the model and the underlying processes, especially in the biosciences. Here we propose a novel visualization technique of support vector machines based on unsupervised learning, specifically self-organizing maps. Conceptually, self-organizing maps can be thought of as neural networks that investigate a high-dimensional data space for clusters of data points and then project the clusters onto a two-dimensional map preserving the topologies of the original clusters as much as possible. This allows for the visualization of high-dimensional datasets together with their support vector models. With this technique we investigate a number of support vector machine visualization scenarios based on real world biomedical datasets
Decision support for virtual machine reassignments in enterprise data centers (2010)

We introduce a novel method to discover beneficial time frames for adapting virtual machine (VM) assignments in consolidated enterprise data centers. Our key insight lies in learning an optimal orthonormal transform from the workload data of a set of enterprise applications hosted in VMs. The transform allows us to extract only a few indicators from long, time-varying and complex workload time series. The indicators represent the initially high-dimensional data set in a reduced form which allows for a concise identification of periods of relatively stable resource demands and turning points in the behavior of a set of VM workloads that require VM reassignments. In this work, we address one of the most pressing problems for data center operators, namely the reduction of managerial complexity of resource and workload management in data centers hosting thousands of applications with complex and varying workload behaviors. We demonstrate the decision support model using workload traces from a professional data center.
Agent development support for Tcl (1997)

Tcl/Tk is an attractive language for the design of intelligent agents because it allows the quick construction of prototypes and user interfaces; new scripts can easily be bound at runtime to respond to events; and execution state is encapsulated by the interpreter, which helps in agent migration. However, a system of intelligent agents must share a common language for communicating requests and knowledge. We have integrated KQML (Knowledge Query Manipulation Language), one such standard language, into Tcl/Tk. The resulting system, called TKQML, provides several benefits to those building intelligent agent systems. First, TKQML allows easy integration of existing tools which have Tcl/Tk interfaces with an agent system by using Tcl to move information between KQML and the application. Second, TKQML is an excellent language with which to build agents, allowing on-the-fly specification of message handlers and construction of graphical interfaces. This paper describes the implementation of...
Activity Counter: New Optimization for the dynamic scheduling of SIMD Control Flow (1993)

SIMD or vector computers and collection-oriented languages, like C*, are designed to perform the same computation on each data item or on just a subset of the data. Subsets of processors or data items implemented via an activiry bit and a stack of activity bits when subsets of subsets are supported. This method is also used in VLIW processors through if-conversion to implement paralalle1 control flow as in SIMD computers. Wt present a new method of dynamic scheduling of several SIMD control flow constructions which can be nested.
Detection of Heat-Labile <i>Escherichia coli</i> Enterotoxin with the Use of Adrenal Cells in Tissue Culture (1974)

Cell-free culture filtrates of heat-labile enterotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli are capable of inducing morphological changes and steroidogenesis in monolayer cultures of adrenal cells. These tissue culture changes are simiar to those induced by cholera enterotoxin and cannot be effected by culture filtrates of other enterotoxigenic or enteropathogenic types of bacteria. The results of the tissue culture studies correlated well with those done in the standard intestinal-loop systems and suggest that this tissue culture system could be used to significantly aid epidemiological and molecular studies with heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin.
Efficient 4-input LUTs FPGA implementation of combinatorial multiplier over canonical base GF(16) (2003)

Finite field arithmetic is the basis of some cryptographic and error correction algorithms. The performance of a corresponding hardware depends on the efficiency of the finite field arithmetic implementation. A good-quality finite field multiplier is needed first, since multiplication is an often-used and time consuming operation. Because FPGAs differ considerably in structure from other integrated circuits, the finite field multiplier designs, which are optimized for VLSI implementation, do not perform well on FPGAs. In this paper, some structures of a completely combinatorial GF(16) multiplier, based on 4-input LUTs and some other resources of the Xilinx FPGA, have been proposed. As a result, some improvement in area and time has been achieved by comparison with previous designs.
DEA degradation mechanism (1982)

Examines factors that increase diethanolamine (DEA) degradation, which reportedly depends on temperature, pressure, gas composition, amine concentration, pH of the amine solution and the presence of metal ions. Plant operators have tried to solve the problem by changing operating conditions and/or installing activated carbon filters. DEA degradation is frequently experienced in gas plants used for removing acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from light hydrocarbons. Experimental results reveal that degradation is governed by: solubility of CO/sub 2/ in the DEA solution; degree of dissociation of the DEA molecules in solution; interaction of DEA and CO/sub 2/ molecules and/or ionic complexes. Most, or all, these phenomena are affected by temperature, pressure, DEA concentration and pH. A series of tests to determine whether activated carbon is capable of removing impurities from partially degraded DEA solutions showed that this treatment did not remove any major degradation compounds from the solutions.
The ratio of L-form to D-form of lactic acid as a criteria for the identification of lactic acid bacteria. (1998)

Stereoisomers of lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria were determined by HPLC by using an enantiomeric resolution column. In general, the ratios of L-form to D-form (the type of stereoisomer) obtained were compared with those in references. Values of the type of stereoisomer of lactic acid were discussed from the viewpoint of identification of lactic acid bacteria.
Conversion of Tyrosine to the Inflammation-Associated Analog 3′-Nitrotyrosine at Either TCR- or MHC-Contact Positions Can Profoundly Affect Recognition of the MHC Class I-Restricted Epitope of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Glycoprotein 33 by CD8 T Cells (2008)

Immunohistochemical detection of increased levels of protein-associated nitrotyrosine has become widely used as a surrogate marker of in situ inflammation. However, the potential consequences of protein-associated nitrotyrosine formation in terms of cellular immune recognition has received surprisingly little attention. Using a well-defined I-E(K)-restricted epitope of pigeon cytochrome c, we previously demonstrated that conversion of a single tyrosine residue to nitrotyrosine can have a profound effect on recognition by CD4 T cells. In this study, we used the MHC class I-restricted epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein (gp33) to demonstrate that conversion of tyrosine to nitrotyrosine can also profoundly affect recognition of MHC class I-restricted epitopes. Conversion of the Y4 residue of the gp33 epitope to nitrotyrosine completely abrogated recognition by gp33-specific T cells from P14 TCR-transgenic mice. In contrast, CD8(+) T cells specific for "nitrated gp33" (NY-gp33) can be readily elicited in C57BL/6 mice after immunization with NY-gp33 peptide. Interestingly, T-T hybridomas specific for NY-gp33 peptide were found to fall into two distinct subsets, being specific for NY-gp33 presented in the context of either H-2D(b) or H-2K(b). This latter result is surprising in light of previous structural studies showing that Y4 comprises a critical TCR-contact residue when presented by H-2D(b) but that the same residue points downward into the peptide-binding groove of the MHC when presented by H-2K(b). Together, these results indicate that nitrotyrosine formation can impact T cell recognition both directly, through alteration of TCR-contact residues, or indirectly, through alterations in MHC-contact positions.
Mechanisms of Active Transport in Isolated Membrane Vesicles (1971)

Abstract Transport of a wide variety of amino acids and sugars by membrane vesicles isolated from Escherichia coli ML 308-225 is coupled primarily to d-lactic dehydrogenase. This membrane-bound, flavin-linked primary dehydrogenase is coupled to oxygen via a cytochrome system also present in the vesicle membrane. Spectrophotometric evidence shows that d-lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, l-lactic dehydrogenase, and NADH dehydrogenase all utilize the same cytochrome system. There is no relationship between rates of oxidation of electron donors by the respiratory chain (succinate g NADH = d-lactate g l-lactate) and the ability of these compounds to stimulate lactose transport (d-lactate >> succinate g l-lactate g NADH). Furthermore, d-lactate in combination with other electron donors is no more effective than d-lactate alone for support of lactose transport. These findings indicate that the site of energy coupling of d-lactic dehydrogenase to active transport lies between the primary dehydrogenase and cytochrome b1. Supportive evidence for this conclusion is obtained from experiments showing that N-ethylmaleimide and p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibit transport and d-lactate-induced respiration. However, these sulfhydryl reagents do not inhibit d-lactic dehydrogenase with dichlorophenolindophenol as an artificial acceptor, nor do they significantly block NADH-induced respiration.
Machine learning algorithms for damage detection under operational and environmental variability (2010)

The goal of this article is to detect structural damage in the presence of operational and environmental variations using vibration-based damage identification procedures. For this purpose, four machine learning algorithms are applied based on the auto-associative neural network, factor analysis, Mahalanobis distance, and singular value decomposition. A base-excited three-story frame structure was tested in laboratory environment to obtain time-series data from an array of accelerometers under several structural state conditions. Tests were performed with varying stiffness and mass conditions with the assumption that these sources of variability are representative of changing operational and environmental conditions. Damage is simulated through nonlinear effects introduced by a bumper mechanism that induces a repetitive, impact-type nonlinearity. This mechanism intends to simulate the cracks that open and close under dynamic loads or loose connections that rattle. The unique contribution of this study is a direct comparison of the four proposed machine learning algorithms that have been reported as reliable approaches to separate structural conditions with changes resulting from damage from changes caused by operational and environmental variations.
Isoantigenic expression of Forssman glycolipid in human gastric and colonic mucosa: Its possible identity with “A-like antigen” in human cancer (1977)

The heterogenetic Forssman antigen is a glycosphingolipid, a ceramide pentasaccharide with the structure GalNAcalpha1-->3GalNAcbeta1-->3Galalpha1-->4Galbeta1-->4Glc-->ceramide. Forssman-positive animals are capable of synthesizing this compound in tissues or in erythrocytes, in contrast to the Forssman-negative species, including humans, which are incapable of adding the last carbohydrate in the sequence of the Forssman antigen, namely alphaGalNAc. The Forssman glycolipid and its precursor globoside were examined in twenty-one samples of surgically extirpated gastrointestinal mucosa and tumors derived therefrom. The results revealed that a few patients had chemically and immunologically detectable levels of the Forssman glycolipid as a normal component of their gastrointestinal mucosa (F(+) population); in contrast, the majority of patients did not contain this glycolipid in their normal mucosa (F(-) population). Whereas the F(-) population included blood groups A, B, and O, the F(+) population did not correspond to blood group A. The Forssman status in tumors taken from the F(+) or F(-) population showed the following striking features: (i) all tumors derived from F(-) mucosa possessed Forssman glycolipid, whereas (ii) none of the tumors originating in F(+) mucosa contained Forssman glycolipid. Globoside, the immediate precursor of Forssman antigen, was distributed equally among F(+) and F(-) mucosa and the tumors derived therefrom. Thus, the expression of Forssman antigen in gastrointestinal mucosa appears akin to that of an isoantigen. Furthermore, the Forssman antigen that appears in tumors of the F(-) population could represent a human tumor-associated antigen. In view of the strong crossreactivity of Forssman antigen with blood group A determinants, the appearance of Forssman antigen in human tumors could be related to the "A-like antigen" (or "neo-A antigen") of human tumors reported previously [Hakomori, S., Koscielak, J., Black, K. J. & Jeanloz, R. W. (1967) J. Immunol. 98, 31-38; Häkkinen, I. (1970) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 44, 1183-1193].
Molecules in Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

This Account focuses on structural and dynamic behavior of molecules encapsulated in carbon nanotubes. The impact of the confinement on the molecular packing, orientation, translation, rotation, and reactivity is demonstrated for a range of fullerene and nonfullerene molecules. These phenomena are described and analyzed using the current understanding of molecule-nanotube and intermolecular interactions.
Insulin resistance and PPAR insulin sensitizers. (2006)

Drugs that reverse insulin resistance are of importance as insulin resistance is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes. The three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) PPARalpha, PPAR90 and PPARgamma are essential for the actions of the many insulin sensitizers. PPARalpha activation enhances free fatty acid oxidation and potentiates anti-inflammatory effects, while PPARgamma is essential for normal adipocyte differentiation and proliferation, as well as fatty acid uptake and storage. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are selective ligands of PPARgamma and act as insulin sensitizers. TZDs also suppress free fatty acids via the inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue. Insulin sensitizers currently under development include partial PPARgamma agonists and antagonists, and dual PPARalpha/PPARgamma agonists. Given that TZDs show anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and antiprocoagulant properties in addition to their insulin sensitizing and antilipotoxic properties, a case may be made for initiating TZD therapy early in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, particularly in those patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. TZDs may also be an important therapeutic option in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
The automatic eye alignment of an infrared optometer (2009)

The ability of the human eye to change its overall refractive power so that people can focus on objects both far and near is termed accommodation. Research into how the eye automatically changes its accommodation, demands an instrument capable of tracking the accommodation with fine resolution and adequate corner frequency. An instrument capable of tracking the ocular accommodation is called an optometer. Reports of earlier optometers show that optometers using the older Scheiner principlecan have the required precision and dynamics required to track the micro fluctuations accommodation. However optometers using the Scheiner principle require precise alignment to the patient’s pupil to be maintained throughout the measurement time. Previous optometers have used the radiation reflected from the patient’s cornea (calledthe corneal reflection) to initially align the optical axis of the optometer to the centre of the patient’s pupil. Since the Scheiner principle optometer uses radiant energy reflected from the patient’s retina to make a refractive measurement, the idea of using this same radiant energy for patient alignment is investigated. Earlier optometers have blocked the corneal reflection from reaching the photodetectors for the retinal reflection using a small fixed light stop. Since it is not possible to use a fixed light stop if the retinal reflection is used for alignment, the feasibility of using crossed linear polarizers is experimentally evaluated. The results showed that about78% of the radiant energy reflected from the front lens of an artificial eye could be eliminated using crossed linear polarizers. Whether the Scheiner principle measurement of refraction of an artificial eye could be done with 78% of the front lens (corneal) reflection removed was investigated. The results were not conclusive. There was not a measureable indication of when the refraction of the experimental optometer matched that of the artificial eye. The experimental optometer system attempts to use a servo controlled mirror system to move the optical axis of the optometer so that it coincides with the optical axis of an artificial eye. The design, development and testing of the mirror system is described. The mirror system enables the optometer to perform a two dimensional scan over the pupil plane of the patient’s eye or an artificial eye. During the scanning, the total radiant power reflected can be measured. For the optometer to be aligned using radiation reflected from the retina, a scan of the pupil plane of should reveal the pupil boundaries. This was experimentally demonstrated to work. Unfortunately time limitations did not permit further development of an automatic eye alignment and tracking system.
Carcinogenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene in the rabbit. (1967)

Summary Rabbits fed either 70 mg of 2-acetylaminofluorene or 50 mg of N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene daily for 56 weeks gained less weight and showed a decrease in survival time as compared to controls. Only 8/19 rabbits fed 2-acetylaminofluorene and 3/6 animals fed N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene survived for 56 weeks, whereas 12/15 control rabbits lived. Hyperplasia (in 10/19 rabbits) and squamous metaplasia (in 2/19 rabbits) of the epithelium of the urinary tract were observed in rabbits fed 2-acetylaminofluorene and hyperplasia was seen in 2/6 animals fed N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. Tumors were found only in the urinary tract of the rabbits fed 2-acetylaminofluorene (3/19 animals with tumors) or N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (1/6 rabbits) except for 1 adenocarcinoma of the uterus in a rabbit fed 2-acetylaminofluorene. One of 7 female control rabbits had a leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. In a second group of experiments, either 2-acetylaminofluorene or N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (30 mg/kg) was given to rabbits intraperitoneally 3 times weekly for 40 weeks. All control rabbits (12/12) and 2-acetylaminofluorene-injected rabbits (14/14) survived 40 weeks whereas only 9/17 of the rabbits receiving N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene lived 40 weeks. Average weight gains for the 40-week period were: controls, 2.06 kg; 2-acetylaminofluorene injected, 1.58 kg; and N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene injected, 0.93 kg. The only tumor in the control rabbits was 1 leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. Two of 14 rabbits injected with 2-acetylaminofluorene had undifferentiated tumors in the abdominal wall and 1 had carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The rabbits injected with N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene had a high incidence (10/17 rabbits) of peritoneal sarcomas. In addition, 1 had a sarcoma arising in the wall of the cecum and 1 had an adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube. N -Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene was also locally carcinogenic when injected subcutaneously as the cupric chelate, tumors being produced in 3/14 rabbits. The results of these studies in the rabbit showed that N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene was more toxic than 2-acetylaminofluorene and more carcinogenic at the site of injection, but it was not more active than 2-acetylaminofluorene as a systemic carcinogen in this species.