gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast conversion of digital Fresnel hologram to phase-only hologram based on localized error diffusion and redistribution (2014)

Past research has demonstrated that a digital, complex Fresnel hologram can be converted into a phase-only hologram with the use of the bi-direction error diffusion (BERD) algorithm. However, the recursive nature error diffusion process is lengthy and increases monotonically with hologram size. In this paper, we propose a method to overcome this problem. Briefly, each row of a hologram is partitioned into short non-overlapping segments, and a localized error diffusion algorithm is applied to convert the pixels in each segment into phase only values. Subsequently, the error signal is redistributed with low-pass filtering. As the operation on each segment is independent of others, the conversion process can be conducted at high speed with the graphic processing unit. The hologram obtained with the proposed method, known as the Localized Error Diffusion and Redistribution (LERDR) hologram, is over two orders of magnitude faster than that obtained by BERD for a 2048×2048 hologram, exceeding the capability of generating quality phase-only holograms in video rate.
Learning potential functions by demonstration for path planning (2012)

Potential functions can be used to design efficient path planning schemes. However, it is often difficult to design appropriate potential functions to mimic desired behavior of the agent. Instead of using a pre-designed potential function for path planning, this paper presents an algorithm that learns the underlying potential function from a given sample trajectory generated by a “expert” (say, a human). This underlying potential function implicitly incorporates obstacle avoidance information that may be intuitive or experience-based. The potential function to be learned is parametrized and the parameter weights are obtained through minimization of a well-designed cost function via a gradient descent search algorithm. Once learned, this potential function can be used for path planning in case of alternative (and more complex) scenarios, such as those with multiple obstacles. The paper presents the theoretical foundation and numerical validation of the proposed algorithm.
Isolation and Propagation in Vitro of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells (1989)

Mesothelial cells lining the peritoneal cavity are the primary site of molecular exchange during peritoneal dialysis, a life support system for over 50,000 patients worldwide. In this study, techniques are described for the isolation and propagation in culture of peritoneal mesothelial cells from rats and rabbits. For comparison, mesothelial cells were also obtained from the serosal surface of human colonic tissue. By electron microscopy the cultured cells were found to exhibit microvilli, a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus, micropinocytotic vesicles, and lipid-filled intracellular vesicles. Immunochemical probes revealed the expression by these cells in vitro of cytokeratin, fibronectin, vimentin, and keratin, but not von Willebrand factor. Mesothelial cells from rat, rabbit, and human exhibited contact inhibition, but differences in growth rates and dependence on supplements to the growth media. This work provides a multispecies comparison of the behavior of mesothelial cells in vitro for the purpose of developing an experimental system for the study of mesothelial cell biology and the role of these cells in peritoneal dialysis.
Lipid‐laden macrophages in the tracheal aspirate of ventilated neonates receiving Intralipid®: A pilot study (1999)

Lipid-laden macrophages (LLM) in tracheal aspirates are reported to be pathognomonic findings in exo- and endogenous lipoid pneumonia in adults. A pilot study was carried out to evaluate the effect of lipid infusion on the LLM index of the tracheal aspirates from ventilated neonates. All intubated infants were eligible for the study. Infants receiving parenteral nutrition had intravenous (IV) lipid introduced by 4–7 days of age; most samples after 7 days were from infants receiving IV lipid. Four infants received minimal gastric feeding; none had evidence of aspiration pneumonia. Tracheal aspirates from 28 infants were analyzed for the LLM index. Alveolar macrophages were graded 0–4 in direct relation to the amount of lipid per cell. One hundred macrophages were graded; the maximum possible LLM index was 400. Two hundred forty-five of 387 tracheal aspirate samples were acceptable for analysis. LLM indices increased during the first week after birth; the mean LLM index then continued in the same range, but with a wide distribution of individual values. The mean LLM index from infants receiving an IV lipid infusion during days 4–7 was 87.9 (SD = 44.8), and was significantly higher compared to 58.7 (SD = 40.8) in infants receiving no IV lipid (P < 0.003). Tracheal aspirates from infants with and without IV lipid infusion yielded many LLM index values >100. These observations invalidate the use of the LLM index >100 as proof of aspiration pneumonia in this group of infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1999; 28:101–108. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Chelation of 3-(<i>p</i>-Hydroxybenzylidene)-2,4-pentanedione with the Thallous Ion (1975)

Abstract A thallous compound of 3-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,4-pentanedione was synthesized and its structure was determined by means of the infrared and proton magnetic resonance spectra. This compound was regarded as a thallous phenolate derivative; however, the effect of chelation by the 2,4-pentanedionate moiety due to a longrange anionotropy was observed. The acetyl proton exchange of the Tl(I) compound in D2O was observed by a PMR investigation. It was found that the methyl-proton exchange was inhibited by chelation.
Activation of the adhesive capacity of CR3 on neutrophils by endotoxin: dependence on lipopolysaccharide binding protein and CD14. (1991)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and formyl peptide were each found to cause a twofold increase in expression of CD14 on the surface of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Upregulation of CD14 was complete by 20 min and thus appeared to result from expression of preformed stores of protein. The CD14 on the surface of PMN was shown to serve two biological functions. It bound particles coated with complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein (LBP). This binding activity was enhanced by agonists that upregulated CD14 expression and may serve in the clearance of Gram-negative bacteria opsonized with LBP. Interaction of CD14 with LPS in the presence of LBP or serum also caused a dramatic, transient increase in the adhesive activity of CR3 (CD11b/CD18) on PMN. Enhanced activity of CR3 and other members of the CD11/CD18 family underlies many of the known physiological responses of PMN to LPS and may be a central feature of the in vivo responses of PMN to endotoxin.
Biological activities of a new specific stimulant of histamine H2 receptors. (1976)

Compound N-methyl-2-(5-methyl-4-imidazolyl)ethylamine (5-methyl-N-methylhistamine) was submitted to a thorough pharmacological examination and was found to be a potent stimulant of H2 receptors, devoid of any appreciable effect on H1 receptors. Because of its high degree of specificity it therefore seems to represent an interesting drug to be used in clinical gastric secretory tests and an useful tool for the study of histamine H2 receptors.
Stokes vector imaging of the polarized sky-dome (1997)

A practical method has been developed for obtaining partial Stokes vector (IQU_) and derivative (IPT_) images of the polarized sky-dome. This method takes advantage of a four-lens stereoscopic camera, a dome mirror, photo CD processing, and commercially available digital image-processing software.
Homocysteine Levels Are Associated with Increased Risk of Congestive Heart Failure in Patients with and without Coronary Artery Disease (2006)

High HCY levels (Q3/4 > or =13.3 micromol/l) are associated with LVD and combined endpoint of LVD/clinical CHF. This relationship is independent of CHF etiology and gender. Further research is indicated to distinguish between a causal or noncausal mechanism for this association.
Wireline Tractor Technology Supports Fast Tracking New Well Design (2008)

Abstract As well completions are becoming more and more complex, alternatives to traditional well intervention technologies surface. A way of optimizing mechanical interventions, while also providing a value-creating alternative, is the utilization of established down hole wireline tractor technology. The manipulation and/or replacement of down hole hardware components in conjunction with wireline stroker and wireline key (intelligent shifting tool) applications makes it possible to perform reliable, economical, and flexible interventions such as opening/closing sliding sleeve doors (SSD) or valves, setting and retrieving plugs, straddles and gas lift valves (GLV), even in horizontal and extended reach drilled (ERD) wells. Various successful applications in the industry of this down hole shifting system proves the reliability and practicability of these technologies as a cost effective alternative to traditional intervention methods. One example was the successful application of a tool string combination comprising of a wireline tractor with a stroking tool and a key tool used to close a 5-1/2" SSD located in a section of the well at more than 70° angle in the midst of various operational constraints including tight allowable deck space, allowable personnel-on-board (POB) and allowable project time frame. Despite these challenges, the entire operation saved the operator 4.5 days and approximately USD 650,000 in costs as compared to traditional intervention methods. Another example was the successful application of the wireline tractor and wireline stroker in a newly drilled well being prepared for production from three of the production zones in the reservoir. The wireline tractor and wireline stroker successfully sat a deep set plug, shifted close an SSD and retrieved the deep set plug with zero personnel injury and zero hour lost time. Third example was the application of the wireline tractor and wireline stroker to repair a well completion in an old producing well by isolating a stuck SSD with a 22-meter multi-section straddle and then isolate holes in the tubing with an 8-meter single straddle. Well optimization was remarkable with Q oil increased by 900% and water cut reduced from 85% to less than 5%. With the wireline tractor, wireline stroker and wireline key tool technology, and the case histories that prove the reliability and advantages associated to these technologies, well and completion designers' creativity are now less restricted by the concerns of the feasibility and economical constraint of future well interventions in highly deviated, horizontal or ERD wells, thus fast tracking of new well designs is possible.
Test results of electronic control units for field sprayers and future trends<sup>1</sup> (1996)

The BBA has designed and contructed it test stand for thc electronic control units of field sprayers, and drawn up test guidelines. The dynamic and static characteristics of 10 electronic control units on the market have recently been examined. Examples of the results of these examinations are given. Future trends in the field of electronically controlled field sprayers are discussed. The present stand‐alone units will be replaced by the agricultural BUS system (LBS) (DIN 9684 and ISO/TC23/SC19/WGI). Satellite position‐finding systems (c.g. GPS) may be used. Specifications can be developed for site‐specific application of plant protection products, initially including simultaneous dosage of several products and site characteristics. It is doubtful for the moment whether such systems can react to the state of the crop or to indices of pest presence.
Metabolic Regulation of Brain Aβ by Neprilysin (2001)

Amyloid beta peptide (Abeta), the pathogenic agent of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a physiological metabolite in the brain. We examined the role of neprilysin, a candidate Abeta-degrading peptidase, in the metabolism using neprilysin gene-disrupted mice. Neprilysin deficiency resulted in defects both in the degradation of exogenously administered Abeta and in the metabolic suppression of the endogenous Abeta levels in a gene dose-dependent manner. The regional levels of Abeta in the neprilysin-deficient mouse brain were in the distinct order of hippocampus, cortex, thalamus/striatum, and cerebellum, where hippocampus has the highest level and cerebellum the lowest, correlating with the vulnerability to Abeta deposition in brains of humans with AD. Our observations suggest that even partial down-regulation of neprilysin activity, which could be caused by aging, can contribute to AD development by promoting Abeta accumulation.
Extraction and Precipitation of Chitosan from Cell Wall of Zygomycetes Fungi by Dilute Sulfuric Acid (2007)

A new method was developed in this work for extraction of chitosan from the zygomycetes cell wall. It is based on the temperature-dependent solubility of chitosan in dilute sulfuric acid. Chitin is soluble in neither cold nor hot dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly chitosan is not soluble at room temperature but is dissolved in 1% H 2SO 4 at 121 degrees C within 20 min. The new method was developed to measure the chitosan content of the biomass and cell wall. The procedures were investigated by measuring phosphate, protein, ash, glucuronic acid, and degree of acetylation. The cell wall derivatives of fungus Rhizomucor pusillus were then examined by this new method. The results indicated 8% of the biomass as chitosan. After treatment with NaOH, the alkali-insoluble material (AIM) contained 45.3% chitosan. Treatment of AIM with acetic acid resulted in 16.5% acetic-acid-soluble material (AcSM) and 79.0% alkali- and acid-insoluble material (AAIM). AcSM is usually cited as pure chitosan, but the new method shows major impurities by, for example, phosphate. Furthermore, AAIM is usually considered to be the chitosan-free fraction, whereas the new method shows more than 76% of the chitosan present in AIM is found in AAIM. It might indicate the inability of acetic acid to separate chitosan from the cell wall.
Expression of c-kit and kit-ligand in benign and malignant prostatic tissues. (2000)

The tyrosine kinase receptor c-kit and its ligand [kit ligand (KL) or stem cell factor (SCF)] exert a broad range of biological activities during organogenesis and normal cell development. Recent studies have revealed that altered c-kit levels occur in a variety of malignancies and cancer cell lines. KL has also been shown to stimulate the growth of malignant cells, as well as to promote chemotaxis. We had previously reported expression of KL in stroma cells of normal human prostate. The present study was undertaken in order to analyze the patterns of expression of c-kit and KL in a well characterized set of prostatic tissues, including normal prostate (n=4), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n=53) and adenocarcinoma (n=46) samples. The distribution of c-kit and KL proteins was studied by immunohistochemical analyses, while transcript levels were determined by in situ hybridization with specific RNA probes on a subset of the benign and malignant tissues referred above. In addition, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to determine levels of c-kit and KL expression in cultures of epithelial and stroma cells, as well as in the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU145 and PC3. c-kit protein in normal prostate was exclusively detected in mast cells by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. However, c-kit transcripts, but not c-kit protein, were detected in low levels and with an heterogeneous pattern in basal epithelial cells of ducts and acini. c-kit in BPH was detected in epithelial cells in 9 of 53 (17%) specimens. c-kit protein expression in malignant epithelial cells was identified in 1 of 46 (2%) tumors. However, c-kit transcripts were detected in low levels by in situ hybridization in most of the tumors analyzed. KL protein and transcripts in normal prostate were detected in high levels in stroma cells. However, epithelial cells were unreactive for anti-KL antibody, but showed low levels of KL transcripts mainly in cells of the basal layer. Basal epithelial cells in hyperplastic glands showed KL expression in 13 of 53 (24%) specimens. KL protein in tumor cells was noted in 18 of 46 (39%) cases. c-kit transcripts were not found in normal prostate and in the 3 cancer cell lines analyzed by RT-PCR, however, it was present in cultured epithelial cells of BPH, and in cultures of stroma cells from both normal and BPH. The majority of cultured cell lines of epithelial and stromal origin displayed considerable levels of KL. In addition all prostate cell lines studied showed significant levels of KL transcripts. In summary, co-expression of c-kit and KL in a subset of BPH cases may suggest an autocrine mode of signaling. Data from this study reveals that altered patterns of c-kit and KL expression are associated with BPH and adenocarcinoma of prostate. It appears that KL induces mast cells proliferation and maturation and enhances their release of protease. This could explain the accumulation of mast cells at tumor sites, a phenomenon that was not observed in normal prostate or BPH samples.
ASIP-based flexible MMSE-IC Linear Equalizer for MIMO turbo-equalization applications (2009)

A novel 16-bit flexible application-specific instruction-set processor for an MMSE-IC linear equalizer, used in iterative turbo receiver, is presented in this paper. The proposed ASIP has an SIMD architecture with a specialized instruction-set and 7-stage pipeline control. It supports diverse requirements of MIMO-OFDM wireless standards such as use of QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM modulation in 2times2 and 4times4 spatially multiplexed MIMO-OFDM environment. For these various operational modes, analysis of MMSE-IC LE equations and corresponding complex data representations was conducted. Efficient computational and storage resource sharing is proposed through: (1) matrix register banks (MRB) multiplexing, (2) 16-bit complex arithmetic unit (CAU) comprised of 4 combined complex adder/subtractor/multiplier units, 2 real multipliers, 5 complex adders, and 2 complex subtractors, and (3) flexible 32-bit to 16-bit data conversion at multipliers' output. With this architecture, the designed ASIP ensures, along with flexibility, high performance in terms of throughput and area. Logic synthesis results reveal a maximum clock frequency of 546 MHz and a total area of 0.37 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using 90 nm technology. For 2times2 spatially multiplexed MIMO system, the proposed ASIP achieves a throughput of 273 Msymbol/sec.
Pyridopyrazines (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multiple, small dose administration of (-)deprenyl enhances catecholaminergic activity and diminishes serotoninergic activity in the brain and these effects are unrelated to MAO-B inhibition. (1995)

As a measure of the basic activity of the catecholaminergic and serotoninergic systems, the biogenic amines released from freshly excised brain tissue were measured by means of HPLC with electrochemical detection. Rats of both sexes were injected subcutaneously, daily for 21 days, either with saline or with a dose of one of the enantiomers of the following compounds: deprenyl; p-fluorodeprenyl; 1-phenyl-2-propylaminopentane, a deprenyl analogue free of MAO-B inhibitory potency; methamphetamine, the parent compound of deprenyl; and amphetamine, the parent compound of 1-phenyl-2-propylaminopentane. The release of the biogenic amines from brain tissue was measured 24 hours after the last injection. The effect of the two enantiomers of deprenyl was studied in five doses (0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg), that of (-)1-phenyl-2-propylaminopentane in two doses (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg), others in 0.05 mg/kg. Treatment with (-)deprenyl enhanced the release of dopamine from striatum, substantia nigra and tuberculum olfactorium (significant in 0.01-0.25 mg/kg) and the release of noradrenaline from the locus coeruleus (significant in 0.05-0.25 mg/kg), whilst the release of serotonin from the raphe was diminished (significant in 0.05-0.25 mg/kg in males and 0.25 mg/kg in females). (+)Deprenyl was slightly less potent than (-)deprenyl. Both p-fluorodeprenyl and 1-phenyl-2-propylaminopentane acted like deprenyl; the (+)enantiomers were more active than the (-)forms. (-)Methamphetamine was as potent as (-)deprenyl in enhancing the catecholaminergic activity and more potent than (-)deprenyl in diminishing the serotoninergic activity. (+)Methamphetamine was substantially less potent than (-)methamphetamine. (-)Amphetamine was as potent as (-)methamphetamine and (+)amphetamine was more potent than (+)methamphetamine in enhancing the catecholaminergic activity but neither (-)amphetamine nor (+)amphetamine diminished the serotoninergic activity. On the one hand, the results prove that the described effects of deprenyl are unrelated to MAO-B inhibition, on the other hand, they indicate the existence of hitherto unknown catecholaminergic and serotoninergic activity enhancer mechanisms in the brain, of which the former is stimulated and the latter inhibited by multiple, small dose administrations of deprenyl and related substances.
The effects of increasing amounts of dietary coconut oil on milk-fat secretion in the cow (1971)

Summary (1). A study is reported on the effects of 4 levels of coconut oil, added to a basal diet low in fat, on the secretion in cow's milk of fat and its component fatty acids. (2) A significant reduction in the yield of milk fat occurred at the highest level of supplementation. In terms of individual fatty acids the yields of lauric and myristic acids increased progressively with increased intake, maximum yields being obtained with the 7% level of coconut oil. Conversely the yields of caproic, caprylic, capric and palmitic acids progressively decreased with increased coconut oil intake. The yields of C18 acids were unchanged.
Lectins from bulbs of the Chinese daffodil <i>Narcissus tazetta</i> (family Amaryllidaceae) (2000)

The isolation of three lectins with similar N-terminal amino acid sequences from the bulbs of the Chinese daffodil Narcissus tazetta was achieved. The isolation protocol involved ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on mannose-agarose, and fast protein liquid chromatography-gel filtration on Superose 12. The lectins were all adsorbed on mannose-agarose and demonstrated a single band with a molecular weight of 13 kDa in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a single 26 kDa peak in gel filtration, indicating that they were mannose-binding, dimeric proteins. The lectins differed in hemagglutinating activity, with the magnitude of the activity correlating with the ionic strength of the buffer required to elute the lectin from the DEAE-cellulose column. The bulb lectin did not exert potent cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines or fetal bovine lung cells but inhibited syncytium formation in, and reinstated viability of, fetal bovine lung cells infected with bovine immunodeficiency virus.