gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network based storage (2006)

The Academic Computing department at Stanford University has worked on implementing an effective network storage strategy for some time. Students need to be able to access their files in our labs, in their rooms, and even off campus. While removable media in the form of floppy then Zip discs and now USB "thumbdrives" have filled this need to an extent, it is still critical to offer a reliable network option. Central IT has offered a network storage solution for a number of years, but achieving wide-spread use through reliable means has been difficult. They have offered and/or built tools ranging from simple FTP to modified versions of proprietary clients to students to access their home folders. However, it was not until very recently that use of this service has increased. The biggest factor in this change was not simply that the methods for access matured, but that we have designed our desktop experience to make such access seamless and invisible. This, in turn, has encouraged students to use this single solution across campus, in our clusters and on their own machines.
Design Patterns in Eos (2007)

In earlier work, we showed that the AspectJ notions of aspect and class can be unified in a new module construct that we called the classpect, and that this new model is simpler and able to accommodate a broader set of requirements for modular solutions to complex integration problems. We embodied our unified model in the Eos language design. The main contribution of this paper is a case study, which considers the implementation of the Gang-of-Four (GOF) design patterns in Eos to analyze the effect of new programming language constructs on these implementations. We also compare these implementations with the AspectJ's implementation. Our result shows that the Eos implementation showed improvement in 7 out of 23 design patterns, and are no worse in case of other 16 patterns. These improvements were mainly manifested in being able to realize the intent of the design patterns more clearly. The design structures realized in the Eos implementation provide supporting evidence for the potential benefits of the unified model.
Modeling Simplification for Thermal Mechanical Analysis of High Density Chip-to-Substrate Connections (2011)

Finite element modeling (FEM) is an important component in the design of reliable chip-to-substrate connections. However, FEM can quickly become complex as the number of input/output connections increases. Three-dimensional (3D) chip-substrate models are usually simplified where only portions of the chip-substrate structure is considered in order to conserve computer resources and time. Chip symmetry is often used to simplify the models from full-chip structures to quarter or octant models. Recently, an even simpler 3D model, general plane deformation (GPD) slice model, has been used to characterize the properties of the full-chip and local regions on the structures, such as in the structures for solder ball fatigue. In this study, the accuracy of the GPD model is examined by comparing the mechanical behavior of a flip-chip, copper pillar package from various full and partial chip models to that of the GDP model. In addition, it is shown that the GPD model can be further simplified to a half-GPD model by using the symmetry plane in the middle of the slice and choosing the proper boundary conditions. The number of nodes required for each model and the accuracy of the different FEM models are compared. Analysis of the maximum stress in the silicon chip shows that the full-chip model, quarter model, and octant model all convergence to the same result. However, the GPD and half-GPD models, with the previously used boundary conditions, converge to a different stress values from that of the full-chip models. The error in the GPD models for small, 36 I/O package was 4.7% compared to the more complete, full-chip FEM models. The displacement error in the GPD models was more than 50%, compared to the full-chip models, and increased with larger structures. The high displacement error of the GPD models was due to the ordinarily used boundary conditions which neglect the effect from adjacent I/O on the sidewall of the GPD slice. An optimization equation is proposed to account for the spatial variation in the stress on the GPD sidewall. The GPD displacement error was reduced from 50% to 3.3% for the 36 pillar array.
Effect of Na-Doped Mo/Mo Bilayer on Cigs Cells and its Photovoltaic Properties (2006)

The photovoltaic properties of CIGS cells on alumina substrate were improved by using the Na-doped Mo layer. The same as CIGS cells on soda-lime glass, Na was observed in the CIGS bulk region on Na-doped Mo/non-doped Mo/alumina substrate. The concentration of Na from Na-doped Mo was smaller than that from SLG. It means that Na-doped Mo might act as Na source and contents of Na could be controlled without alkali barrier layer. The best CIGS solar cell with conversion efficiency of 13.34, J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</sub> =34.62 mA/cm <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> =0.58 V and FF=66 % for an active area of 0.45 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> on the alumina substrate was obtained at 100 nm Na-doped Mo/1000 nm Mo bi-layer
Investigations in plasma dynamics. Annual progress report, September 15, 1973--September 15, 1974 (1974)

During the previous contract year three investigations were completed. The effect of lower hybrid heating on drift modes has been studied, and it was found that lower hybrid heating can modify the drift wave spectrum. We have investigated the coupling of unstable drift waves by a process akin to nonlinear Landau damping, and found that the drift wave spectrum tends toward isotropy in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field, in agreement with experiments. Finally it was shown that the purely growing drift mode is stabilized by magnetic shear in Tokomak devices.
E-hubs: the new B2B (business-to-business) marketplaces. (2001)

Electronic hubs--Internet-based intermediaries that host electronic marketplaces and mediate transactions among businesses--are generating a lot of interest. Companies like Ariba, Chemdex, and Commerce One have already attained breathtaking stock market capitalizations. Venture capitalists are pouring money into more business-to-business start-ups. Even industrial stalwarts like GM and Ford are making plans to set up their own Web markets. As new entrants with new business models pour into the business-to-business space, it's increasingly difficult to make sense of the landscape. This article provides a blueprint of the e-hub arena. The authors start by looking at the two dimensions of purchasing: what businesses buy--manufacturing inputs or operating inputs--and how they buy--through systematic sourcing or spot sourcing. They classify B2B e-hubs into four categories: MRO hubs, yield managers, exchanges, and catalog hubs, and they discuss each type in detail. Drilling deeper into this B2B matrix, the authors look at how e-hubs create value--through aggregation and matching--and explain when each mechanism works best. They also examine the biases of e-hubs. Although many e-hubs are neutral--they're operated by independent third parties--some favor the buyers or sellers. The authors explain the differences and discuss the pros and cons of each position. The B2B marketplace is changing rapidly. This framework helps buyers, sellers, and market makers navigate the landscape by explaining what the different hubs do and how they add the most value.
Application of intent inference for surveillance and conformance monitoring to aid human cognition (2007)

Intent inference involves analyzing the actions and activities of a target of interest to deduce its purpose. In an environment cluttered with many targets, loaded with information, and under stress, the human may not be able to perform well. Hence a cognitive aid that could derive possible intent inference and monitor the target may help augment human cognition and assist critical human decision making. This paper reports research on two applications: determining the likelihood of weapon delivery by an attack aircraft under military surveillance and conformance monitoring in air traffic control systems. The proposed solution is based on flight profile analysis. Simulation process comprises Interacting Multiple Model-based state estimation and Mamdani-type fuzzy inference to deduce possibilities of weapon delivery and of nonconforming aircraft behavior respectively. Results verify that the method is feasible and provides timely inference that will aid human cognition and hence assist decision making.
Urban mass transit: the life story of a technology (2007)

Technological choices depend on, and are part of, contests over political power, as the history of mass transit vividly illustrates. From horse-drawn omnibuses to subways to light rail, this volume highlights the technological and social struggles that have accompanied urbanization and the need for an efficient and cost-effective means of transportation in cities. Post depicts mass transit as a technology-rather, as a technological system-that provided an essential complement to industrialization, urbanization, and, ultimately, to the rise of consumer culture. He begins his narrative with the omnibus and horsecar in the 1830s and takes it to the renaissance of urban mass transit at the turn of the 21st century. Post focuses on innovations in the United States as well as worldwide developments. At the heart of the story is the streetcar, a conveyance that played a central role in the development of all U.S. cities and towns. For generations of Americans, streetcars were essential to everyday life. Once dominating the urban landscape in towns and cities throughout the United States, the streetcar has all but disappeared. Post traces its evolution and demise, debunking the urban myth that the downfall of the electric streetcar was directly attributable to the corporate malfeasance of General Motors and others from the automotive world. Post concludes with a meditation on the prospects for mass transit in a postmodern society that must face up to the contradictions of privatized mobility and the reality of dwindling natural resources.
A new low voltage four-quadrant current mode multiplier (2012)

In this paper a new CMOS current-mode multiplier based on squarer circuit is proposed. The dual translinear loop is the basic building block in realization scheme. Supply voltage is 1.8 V. The major advantages of this multiplier are low voltage, high speed, low power, immunity of body effect, high linearity and less dc offset error. The circuit is designed and simulated using HSPICE simulator by level 49 parameters in 0.18μm CMOS technology. The simulation results of analog multiplier demonstrate a THD of 1.24% in 1MHz, a -3dB bandwidth of 31.2MHz and power consumption is less than 207 μW.
Rapid in vivo measurement of the topography of human skin by active image triangulation using a digital micromirror device (1999)

Background/aims: Topometry is one of the most relevant methods for biophysical research on skin in dermatologic and cosmetic science, because it relates very closely to the perceived quality of skin. Taking silicon replicas of skin sites under investigation and measuring those imprints with mechanical or optical profilometers is still the most frequently used method. Direct measurement of the topography of human skin in vivo by active image triangulation avoids the need to make replicas and seems to be a promising alternative. Methods: The introduction of active image triangulation in conjunction with phase‐shift techniques in skin topometry enables a fast and non‐invasive measurement of the skin surface in vivo. The main attribute of the proposed system is the projection of a regular sinusoidal intensity pattern with a sophisticated digital projection device onto the surface of skin under a certain angle of incidence. The height information of the structured surface is coded in the distorted intensity pattern, which is recorded by an appropriate video technique. Results: Successful in vivo measurements of selected body sites and measurements on scar, nevus, wound and wrinkles are presented in this paper. Furthermore, irritation of skin, influence of hydration of skin, and differences between youthful and elderly skin can be detected in the measurement results of the new optical system. Conclusions: For measuring the topog raphy of human skin, active image triangulation is appropriate both for macrotopometry (nevus, scar, wound) and for microtopometry (casts, selected body sites). This new non‐contact technique allows dynamic measurements of alterations in skin topography as a consequence of certain treatments (e.g., application of ingredient, hydration of skin) without removal of corneocytes or scales. Optical three‐dimensional (3D) topometry using active image triangulation appears to offer a significant improvement in speed and flexibility, providing a fast and accurate analysis of skin surface topography.
An Adaptive Learning Rate for Stochastic Variational Inference (2018)

Stochastic variational inference finds good posterior approximations of probabilistic models with very large data sets. It optimizes the variational objective with stochastic optimization, following noisy estimates of the natural gradient. Operationally, stochastic inference iteratively subsamples from the data, analyzes the subsample, and updates parameters with a decreasing learning rate. However, the algorithm is sensitive to that rate, which usually requires hand-tuning to each application. We solve this problem by developing an adaptive learning rate for stochastic inference. Our method requires no tuning and is easily implemented with computations already made in the algorithm. We demonstrate our approach with latent Dirichlet allocation applied to three large text corpora. Inference with the adaptive learning rate converges faster and to a better approximation than the best settings of hand-tuned rates.
Protein–protein interactions in concentrated electrolyte solutions (2002)

Protein-protein interactions were measured for ovalbumin and for lysozyme in aqueous salt solutions. Protein-protein interactions are correlated with a proposed potential of mean force equal to the free energy to desolvate the protein surface that is made inaccessible to the solvent due to the protein-protein interaction. This energy is calculated from the surface free energy of the protein that is determined from protein-salt preferential-interaction parameter measurements. In classical salting-out behavior, the protein-salt preferential interaction is unfavorable. Because addition of salt raises the surface free energy of the protein according to the surface-tension increment of the salt, protein-protein attraction increases, leading to a reduction in solubility. When the surface chemistry of proteins is altered by binding of a specific ion, salting-in is observed when the interactions between (kosmotrope) ion-protein complexes are more repulsive than those between the uncomplexed proteins. However, salting-out is observed when interactions between (chaotrope) ion-protein complexes are more attractive than those of the uncomplexed proteins.
The current position of surgical lung biopsy in the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2013)

A new international statement defines usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) which is a histological and radiological form of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) more precisely than previously. In the diagnosis of IPF, either in high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) a UIP pattern must be present or alternatively specific combinations of HRCT and surgical lung biopsy findings can be accepted. In about two third of the cases IPF can be diagnosed by clinical and radiological criteria. Thus surgical lung biopsy is needed in about one third of cases to achieve the ultimate diagnosis, which requires multidisciplinary cooperation. In large clinical trials conducted during the last decade, lung biopsy was performed in about 30-60% of the cases. The most serious complication of lung biopsy is mortality within 30 days after the procedure, with a frequency of about 3-4% reported in most studies. Because of the histological variability, surgical lung biopsy should be taken from a minimum of two lobes. The number of fibroblast foci in surgical lung biopsy has been shown to correlate with survival in several studies.
39. Management of ovarian and colorectal cancer by routine radioimmunoscintigraphy using 99Tcm monoclonal antibodies (1992)

Granowska, M.; Mather, S. J.; Bomanji, J.; Padhy, A. K.; Morris, G.; Ellison, D.; Soobramoney, S.; Northover, J. M.A.; Shepherd, J. H.; Britton, K. E. Author Information
A neural network based transcoder for MPEG2 video compression (1999)

We propose a neural network method for the high efficiency requatization in the design of a transcoder. In our design, there are two types of video bit rate control in the proposed transcoder. One is the global adjustment of the quantizer scales in which the adjustment is based on the complication of the whole frame, the other is the adaptive adjustment of the quantizer scales, where the adjustment results in a complication of the current macroblock. From the experimental results, the prototype transcoder can achieve a desirable bit rate (1.5 Mbps) with an acceptable image quality. In addition, we constructed a video multiplexer for pay per view (PPV) or near video on demand (NVOD) applications on the proposed transcoder.
A new class of polymerizable sulfur heterocycles: cationic ring-opening polymerization of spiro tetrathioorthocarbonate (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new class of polymerizable sulfur heterocycles: cationic ring-opening polymerization of spiro tetrathioorthocarbonateToshikazu Takata and Takeshi EndoCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 8, 2314–2318Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00186a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00186a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Age determination, growth rate and population structure of the horse mussel<i>Modiolus modiolus</i> (1990)

The age and growth rate of Modiolus modiolus have been studied from acetate peel replicas of polished and etched shell sections. Age estimates could be reliably obtained from the alternating patterns of light (summer) and dark (winter) growth lines present in the middle nacreous layer of the shell. Growth lines in the inner nacreous layer, however, generally converged to form blocks of nacre such that the identity of individual lines was lost, whilst in the umbones growth lines were often tightly compressed and difficult to resolve. Data obtained from analyses of the internal growth lines in the middle nacreous layer were used to construct growth curves for several subtidal populations using the von Bertalanffy growth equation. The fastest growth rate was recorded for mussels growing epifaunally on the legs of a drilling platform in the North Sea; these mussels achieved a maximum shell length of 110 mm within ten years. The oldest mussel (from Ling Bank in the northern North Sea) was 48 years old and measured 133 mm in length whilst the largest mussel (from Loch Spelve in western Scotland) was 147 mm long and 38 years old. With the exception of the relatively young population (maximum age 10 years) from the drilling platform, most of the benthic populations studied included mussels in excess of 35 years of age. It is clear, therefore, that M. modiolus is a potentially long-lived member of the subtidal benthos.
Relapsing pericarditis: Table 1 (2004)

elapsing or recurrent pericarditis is probably the most troublesome complication of acute pericarditis, and represents one of the greatest therapeutic challenges among the disorders of the pericardium.
Beta-epidermal growth factor is the des-asparaginyl form of the polypeptide. (1985)

Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography of mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) yielded two major forms, alpha- and beta-EGF, and a minor component, gamma-EGF. All three forms exhibited receptor-binding activity. Analysis of native alpha- and beta-EGF by mass spectrometry and partial Edman degradation led us to propose that alpha-EGF has a primary structure equivalent to that originally reported for EGF and that beta-EGF is the des-asparaginyl form of the polypeptide. When the purified alpha- and beta-polypeptides were cultured with human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells stimulation of cell proliferation was observed at concentrations as low as 0.01 ng/ml with maximal stimulation occurring at about 1 ng/ml. Essentially no difference was noted in the mitogenic potency of the two forms. This suggests that the NH2-terminal region of EGF is not critical for mitogenic activity.
Diesel Exhaust Particulate Control System Development (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The EPA has established stringent requirements for levels of particulates emitted from the exhaust of diesel passenger cars.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper summarizes six years of development activities directed towards reduction of diesel passenger car particulates. A series of conceptual approaches have been experimentally evaluated, leading to development of a regenerative particulate trap. Alternate trapping material investigations, regeneration systems, and total trap systems are reviewed. The current status of this development and required technical needs are identified.</div>
El profesorado ante la escuela inclusiva (2004)

La creciente diversidad del alumnado de los centros educativos motivada, tanto por la integracion del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales dentro de la escuela ordinaria como por los flujos de inmigracion, han evidenciado una serie de necesidades en los profesionales de la docencia y su contexto educativo. En la presente investigacion se plantea si el profesorado esta preparado para atender a la diversidad del alumnado de los centros de ensenanza obligatoria y realiza practicas inclusivas. Se recoge informacion de 70 profesores pertenecientes a diferentes centros educativos de la provincia de Castellon. Los resultados parecen demostrar que el profesorado realiza practicas inclusivas independientemente de la formacion que ha recibido o de los recursos de que dispone en el centro.