gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All-in-fiber optofluidic sensor fabricated by femtosecond laser assisted chemical etching (2014)

An all-in-fiber prototype optofluidic device was fabricated by femtosecond laser irradiation and subsequent selective chemical wet etching. Horizontal and vertical microchannels can be flexibly created into an optical fiber to form a fluidic cavity with inlets/outlets. The fluidic cavity also functions as an optical Fabry-Perot cavity in which the filled liquid can be probed. The assembly-free microdevice exhibited a fringe visibility of 20 dB and was demonstrated for measurement of the refractive index of the filling liquids. The proposed all-in-fiber optofluidic micro device is attractive for chemical and biomedical sensing because it is flexible in design, simple to fabricate, mechanically robust, and miniaturized in size.
Design and optimization of broadband wide-angle antireflection structures for binary diffractive optics (2010)

We propose a class of antireflecting structures that can effectively suppress reflections for binary diffractive optics. In this structure, multiple periodic thin films with gradually varying refractive indices are used to shift all reflected diffraction to the transmitted orders. The structure is optimized to operate over broad bands and wide angles using rigorous coupled-wave analysis and genetic algorithms. We validated the structure numerically using finite-difference time-domain methods. The proposed structure may lead to more efficient diffractive devices for applications in thin-film photovoltaic, waveguide coupler, and holographic optical elements.
Cryopreserved amniotic membrane transplantation for the management of symptomatic bullous keratopathy (2008)

Amniotic membrane transplantation is an efficient and safe treatment for symptomatic bullous kerato pathy, when penetrating keratoplasty is not available. It has been shown to alleviate pain, promote corneal epithelialization and reduce conjunctival inflammation whereas in some cases it may also improve visual acuity.
Cytotoxic and Urease Inhibition Potential of Moringa peregrina Seed Ethanolic Extract (2018)

Background and Objective: Moringa peregrina have long been used as traditional medicine to treat diseases including fever, ulcer, burns and constipation, antimicrobial and inflammatory throughout the African mainland. The objectives of current study were to evaluate the cytotoxic and urease inhibitory profile of Moringa peregrina seed ethanolic extract (MPSE). Materials and Methods: Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of MPSE treatment at concentrations 1000, 100 and 10 g mLG 1 . Urease inhibition was determined by in vitro Indophenol inhibition assays. Results: It is found that the Moringa peregrina seed ethanolic extract was not cytotoxic at 1000 g mLG 1 while significantly active with urease inhibitor (81.300.31% at 0.2 mg mLG 1 ) with IC 50 values of 41.00.6 g mLG 1 . Conclusion: These findings suggested that the Moringa peregrina seed ethanol extract (MPSE) can be utilized to treat and prevent ulcerative and Urolithiasis diseases through urease inhibition process. Seed extract of M. peregrina is a remarkable candidate for further clinical investigation studies to screen out their natural therapeutic potential in ulcerative and urolithiasis diseases.
A re-evaluation of geopressured-geothermal aquifers as an energy resource (2004)

The search for more efficient and economical forms of energy generation is a continual process. Natural gas production and electricity generation from geopressured-geothermal aquifers is an unconventional hydrocarbon source that has long been unproductive due to its marginal economics and lack of technological certainty. This thesis demonstrates that, based on modern technological competencies and economic constraints, geopressured-geothermal energy now maintains a viable future as an alternative domestic energy source.
Down Regulation of Virulence Factors of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> by Salicylic Acid Attenuates Its Virulence on <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2005)

Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic metabolite produced by plants and is known to play an important role in several physiological processes, such as the induction of plant defense responses against pathogen attack. Here, using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathosystem, we provide evidence that SA acts directly on the pathogen, down regulating fitness and virulence factor production of the bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 showed reduced attachment and biofilm formation on the roots of the Arabidopsis mutants lox2 and cpr5-2, which produce elevated amounts of SA, as well as on wild-type Arabidopsis plants primed with exogenous SA, a treatment known to enhance endogenous SA concentration. Salicylic acid at a concentration that did not inhibit PA14 growth was sufficient to significantly affect the ability of the bacteria to attach and form biofilm communities on abiotic surfaces. Furthermore, SA down regulated three known virulence factors of PA14: pyocyanin, protease, and elastase. Interestingly, P. aeruginosa produced more pyocyanin when infiltrated into leaves of the Arabidopsis transgenic line NahG, which accumulates less SA than wild-type plants. This finding suggests that endogenous SA plays a role in down regulating the synthesis and secretion of pyocyanin in vivo. To further test if SA directly affects the virulence of P. aeruginosa, we used the Caenorhabditis elegans-P. aeruginosa infection model. The addition of SA to P. aeruginosa lawns significantly diminished the bacterium's ability to kill the worms, without affecting the accumulation of bacteria inside the nematodes' guts, suggesting that SA negatively affects factors that influence the virulence of P. aeruginosa. We employed microarray technology to identify SA target genes. These analyses showed that SA treatment affected expression of 331 genes. It selectively repressed transcription of exoproteins and other virulence factors, while it had no effect on expression of housekeeping genes. Our results indicate that in addition to its role as a signal molecule in plant defense responses, SA works as an anti-infective compound by affecting the physiology of P. aeruginosa and ultimately attenuating its virulence.
Time-dependent semiclassical theory of gain-coupled distributed feedback lasers (1984)

A semiclassical treatment of the time-dependent behavior of a gain-coupled, distributed feedback laser (DFL) has been developed. This treatment takes into account the field propagation within the DFL, and is therefore capable of predicting its behavior even for extremely short pump pulses. Comparisons are made to existing steady-state and transient theories where they are valid, showing good agreement, and new predictions are made of the behavior in the short pump pulse regime. It is found that the emitted pulse duration is dominated by the transit time through the pumped region. By studying the evolution of the field distribution inside the cavity, insight can be gained into the operation of the DFL. The effect of spatial hole burning in a gain-coupled DFL is treated and found to be small.
Ultra-short pulse (femtosecond) laser surgery: initial use in LASIK flap creation. (2001)

The highly localized tissue effects of low energy femtosecond duration (ultrashort) laser pulses may be used to create three-dimensional intrastromal resections with micron precision and minimized collateral tissue damage. A surgical laser system that produces and delivers such pulses has been developed and tested clinically for creation of a corneal flap in LASIK. Expanded evaluation of this technology in this and additional keratorefractive applications is currently underway.
Properties of polycrystalline silicon prepared by chemical transport in hydrogen plasma at temperatures between 80 and 400 degrees C (1981)

Polycrystalline silicon films have been prepared using chemical transport in a low-pressure plasma in a temperature range 80-400 degrees C and at deposition rates up to approximately 3 AA s-1. Their Raman spectra show several features which are correlated with X-ray diffraction measurements and attributed to the presence of crystalline and amorphous-like components. Optical absorption, infrared spectra, preliminary data on dark conductivity and some further properties are reported.
Design of wetted wall bioaerosol concentration cyclones (2007)

A wetted wall cyclone is a device that delivers hydrosol in a single stage from\nwhich real-time detection of airborne particles can be readily achieved. This dissertation\npresents the design, development, and characterization of a family of wetted wall\nbioaerosol cyclone concentrators that consume very low power and are capable of\ndelivering very small liquid effluent flow rate of highly-concentrated hydrosol. The\naerosol-to-aerosol penetration cutpoint for the cyclones is about 1µm. The aerosol-tohydrosol\ncollection efficiency for the 1250 L/min cyclone is above 90% for particle sizes\ngreater than 2 µm at the 1 mL/min liquid effluent flow rate. The aerosol-to-hydrosol\ncollection efficiency for the 100 L/min cyclone is above 85% for particle sizes larger than\n2 µm at the 0.1 mL/min liquid effluent flow rate when it is operated at air flow-rate of\n100 L/min. The pressure drop across the 1250 L/min and 100 L/min cyclones are\napproximately 22 inches of water and about 6.4 inches of water, respectively.\nA study, based on the empirically obtained aerosol-to-aerosol collection\nefficiency, was conducted to develop a performance modeling correlation that enables\nprediction of the aerosol performance as a function of the Reynolds number and Stokes\nnumber. Since the Reynolds number and Stokes number govern the particle motions in\nthe cyclone, the aerosol performance could be expressed in terms of the Reynolds number and Stokes number. By testing the three cyclones (100, 300, and 1250 L/min cyclones)\nwith several different air flow rates, the aerosol-to-aerosol collection efficiencies for wide\nrange of the Reynolds numbers (3,500 < Re < 30,000) were able to be obtained.\nPerformance modeling correlations for wetted wall cyclones show that the aerosol-toaerosol\ncollection efficiency in the cyclone can be well predicted by the Reynolds\nnumber and Stokes number.
Color-Tunable Light-Emitting Device Based on the Mixture of CdSe Nanorods and Dots Embedded in Liquid-Crystal Cells (2010)

A newly designed color-tunable light-emitting device based on the mixture of CdSe nanorods and quantum dots embedded in liquid-crystal cells has been developed. The underlying working principle is derived from a large alignment energy due to the enhanced anchoring force of liquid-crystal molecules through the amplified surface area of nanorods. After they are embedded into a liquid-crystal cell, nanorods will align along the orientation of liquid-crystal molecules. As the external bias is applied, nanorods would be driven in the direction according to the orientation of liquid-crystal molecules. The nanorods possess optically anisotropic properties, whereas quantum dots are spherically symmetric. Accordingly, the relative ratio of the emission intensity between quantum dots and nanorods can be manipulated by an external bias, and the emission color of the device is, therefore, tunable. Our work shown here may pave a new route for the future development of smart optoelectronic devices.
The serum growth hormone binding protein: pregnant with possibilities (1997)

Introduction Since Ymer & Herington (1985) refocused attention on the serum growth hormone (GH) binding protein (GHBP), it has attracted considerable research effort. Despite this, much remains to be resolved regarding its physiological function(s) and its regulation (which provides clues to function). The presence of a high affinity GHBP has significant implications for understanding the growth process, for understanding maternal control of foetal development and for attempts to enhance growth using genetically engineered GH analogues. To date, these implications have not been adequately explored. Although there is evidence for a low affinity high capacity GHBP (Baumann & Shaw 1990), the present review will focus on the high affinity GHBP. It will summarize what is known regarding distribution, regulation and suggested roles of the high affinity GHBP. Evidence that GHBP has a significant role in the endocrinology of pregnancy and control of foetal growth will be discussed. Since progress in GHBP
Assembly and Alignment of Metallic Nanorods on Surfaces with Patterned Wettability (2006)

All lined up: A method to assemble and align metallic nanowires relies on an aqueous suspension wetting and dewetting patterned substrates to direct the deposition of nanowires. Through designing substrate patterns with appropriate wettability, shape, and dimension, the assembly of nanowires in 100 μm square, 20 μm square, and 20 μm line features was demonstrated on the centimeter scale, as well as the alignment of nanowires in 2-μm and 830-nm hydrophilic stripes (see image).
Extraction and Analysis of Terpenes/Terpenoids (2016)

Terpenes/terpenoids constitute one of the largest classes of natural products, this is due to the incredible chemical diversity that can arise from the biochemical transformations of the relatively simple prenyl diphosphate starter units. All terpenes/terpenoids comprise a hydrocarbon backbone that is generated from the various length prenyl diphosphates (a polymer chain of prenyl units). Upon ionization (removal) of the diphosphate group, the remaining allylic carbocation intermediates can be coaxed down complex chemical cascades leading to diverse linear and cyclized hydrocarbon backbones, which can then be further modified with a wide range of functional groups (<i>e.g</i>. alcohol, ketones, <i>etc</i>.) and substituent additions (<i>e.g</i>. sugars, fatty acids). Because of this chemical diversity, terpenes/terpenoids have great industrial uses as flavors, fragrances, high grade lubricants, biofuels, agricultural chemicals and medicines. The protocols presented here focus on the extraction of terpenes/terpenoids from various plant sources and have been divided into extraction methods for terpenes/terpenoids with various levels of chemical decoration, from the relative small, nonpolar, volatile hydrocarbons to substantially large molecules with greater physical complexity due to their chemical modifications.
Electrical properties of MOS devices made with SILO technology (1982)

The physical and electrical parameters of Sealed Interface Local Oxidation (SILO) technology are explored in this paper. Devices fabricated with SILO technology and a standard NMOS process are characterized for current drive capability and parasitic effects. MOS transistors (W/L=3/20) show a 68% improvement in current density compared to devices of the same geometry fabricated with conventional local oxidation technology. Extensive electrical characterization on SILO devices shows that junction leakages and transistor sidewall leakages are low and comparable to devices fabricated with a conventional LOCOS process. Crystal defect decoration studies are in agreement, showing no defect generation.
DNA catabolites in triathletes: effects of supplementation with an aronia–citrus juice (polyphenols-rich juice) (2016)

In this study we analyzed whether our aronia-citrus juice (ACJ, the composition is based on a mixture of 95% citrus juice with 5% of Aronia melanocarpa juice), rich in polyphenols, and physical exercise had an effect on seven catabolites of DNA identified in plasma and on a urine isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2α). Sixteen elite triathletes on a controlled diet for triathlon training (45 days) were used in this clinical trial. Our results show a decrease in the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentration due to chronic physical exercise. The ACJ intake and physical exercise maintained the guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate plasmatic concentrations and decreased the concentration of 8-hydroxyguanine as well as urinary values of 8-iso-PGF2α. Finally, we observed a significant increase in the 8-nitroguanosine levels in triathletes after ACJ intake, compared to the placebo stage. It is concluded that the combination of the intake of ACJ, rich in polyphenolic compounds, with adequate training was able to influence the plasmatic and urinary values of oxidative stress biomarkers. This suggests a positive effect on the oxidative damage and potential associations with DNA repair mechanisms.
A structured approach for the engineering of biochemical network models, illustrated for signalling pathways (2008)

Quantitative models of biochemical networks (signal transduction cascades, metabolic pathways, gene regulatory circuits) are a central component of modern systems biology. Building and managing these complex models is a major challenge that can benefit from the application of formal methods adopted from theoretical computing science. Here we provide a general introduction to the field of formal modelling, which emphasizes the intuitive biochemical basis of the modelling process, but is also accessible for an audience with a background in computing science and/or model engineering. We show how signal transduction cascades can be modelled in a modular fashion, using both a qualitative approach--qualitative Petri nets, and quantitative approaches--continuous Petri nets and ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We review the major elementary building blocks of a cellular signalling model, discuss which critical design decisions have to be made during model building, and present a number of novel computational tools that can help to explore alternative modular models in an easy and intuitive manner. These tools, which are based on Petri net theory, offer convenient ways of composing hierarchical ODE models, and permit a qualitative analysis of their behaviour. We illustrate the central concepts using signal transduction as our main example. The ultimate aim is to introduce a general approach that provides the foundations for a structured formal engineering of large-scale models of biochemical networks.
Hyperthyroidism: multiple possibilities in the female patient. (1999)

Hyperthyroidism is a clinical syndrome characterized by an excess of thyroid hormone, and its clinical consequences. A suppressed serum TSH concentration is the earliest biochemical manifestation of hyperthyroidism. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, characterized by suppressed serum TSH concentration alone, has important clinical consequences. These include bone loss in postmenopausal women and atrial fibrillation. A twenty-four hour radioiodine uptake and radionuclide scan are indispensable in the differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Graves' Disease, an autoimmune disorder, demonstrates a strong female prevalence; the twenty-four hour radioiodine uptake is normal or elevated. Therapeutic options, including anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine (131I) and surgery are utilized in all age groups. These include use in women during the reproductive years. Toxic nodular goiter and "hot" nodules are less common forms of hyperthyroidism; these too have normal or elevated radioiodine uptake, with characteristic radionuclide scans. Hyperthyroidism with a near-zero radioiodine uptake also has important clinical implications. Factitious (exogenous) hyperthyroidism is characterized by a low serum thyroglobulin concentration. Treatment consists of decreasing the dosage of, or withdrawing, thyroid hormone. Painful subacute thyroiditis, a post-vital syndrome, causes spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism, which is often followed by hypothyroidism. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism with a low radioiodine uptake is painless, lymphocytic subacute thyroiditis. Here too, hyperthyroidism spontaneously resolves and often passes through a hypothyroid phase. This phase often requires therapy, and permanent mild or severe hypothyroidism may result.
Infectious and Selectable Retrovirus Containing an Inducible Rat Growth Hormone Minigene (1984)

A growth hormone minigene carrying its natural promoter (237 nucleotides of chromosomal DNA) was stably propagated in a murine retrovirus containing hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase as a selectable marker. Glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone inducibility was transferred with the growth hormone gene. Recombinant virus with titers of 10(6) per milliliter was recovered. This demonstration that retroviruses can be used to transfer a nonselectable gene under its own regulatory control enlarges the scope of retroviral vectors as potent tools for gene transfer.
On the Accuracy and Stablility of Clocks Synchronized by the Network Time Protocol in the Internet System (1989)

This paper describes a series of experiments involving over 100,000 hosts of the Internet system and located in the U.S., Europe and the Pacific. The experiments are designed to evaluate the availability, accuracy and reliability of international standard time distribution using the Internet and the Network Time Protocol (NTP), which has been designated an Internet Standard protocol. NTP is designed specifically for use in a large, diverse internet system operating at speeds from mundane to lightwave. In NTP a distributed subnet of time servers operating in a self-organizing, hierarchical, master-slave configuration exchange precision timestamps in order to synchronize host clocks to each other and national time standards via wire or radio.The experiments are designed to locate Internet hosts and gateways that provide time by one of three time distribution protocols and evaluate the accuracy of their indications. For those hosts that support NTP, the experiments determine the distribution of errors and other statistics over paths spanning major portions of the globe. Finally, the experiments evaluate the accuracy and reliability of precision timekeeping using NTP and typical Internet paths involving ARPANET, NSFNET and regional networks. The experiments demonstrate that timekeeping throughout most portions of the Internet can be maintained to an accuracy of a few tens of milliseconds and a stability of a few milliseconds per day, even in cases of failure or disruption of clocks, time servers or networks.
Levels of Omega 3 fatty acids in Australian seafood. (2008)

The aim of this study was to determine the quantity of omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids in commonly consumed species of South Australian fish. Omega 3 fatty acids ranged from 17.7% to 53.7% of total fat with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) as the major omega 3 fatty acid in all 26 species tested (range 9.5 % to 47.1% of total fat). The levels of total omega 6 (n-6) fatty acids ranged from 2.3% to 20.2% of total lipids, chiefly as arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6). Fatty fish such as Gemfish, Atlantic Salmon and Swordfish were found to be good sources of omega-3 fatty acid (1360, 2252 and 2571 mg/100g fish respectively), while low fat fish such as Ling, Deep Sea Bream (Blue Warhou) and Blue Grenadier (0.5, 0.7 and 0.7% fat) had low levels of omega 3 fatty acid (222, 257 and 247 mg/100g). Because most white table fish consumed by Australians are so low in fat they are actually a limited source of omega 3 fats. The amount of fish required to be consumed to provide 1 g of omega 3 fatty acid per day ranged from 40 to 450 g.