gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of androgen-dependent prostatic cancer cell growth: androgen regulation of CDK2, CDK4, and CKI p16 genes. (1997)

Growth of prostatic epithelial cells is androgen-dependent; however, the mechanism of androgen action on cell growth is not well defined. We investigated whether androgen-dependent prostatic epithelial cell growth is mediated by androgen regulation of expression of genes controlling cell cycle progression. For this purpose, we used an androgen-dependent prostatic cancer cell line, LNCaP-FGC, as an in vitro model. We found that expression of CDK2 and CDK4 genes were up-regulated within hours of androgen treatment as detected in Northern and Western blot analyses. Kinase assay also confirmed that there was increased CDK2 kinase activity upon androgen stimulation. Moreover, androgen down-regulated expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 (MTS1, CDKN2) gene. The overall effects of these androgen actions result in an increased cyclin-dependent kinase activity and stimulation of the cell to enter S phase of the cell cycle, thereby enhancing cell proliferation. In contrast, an androgen-independent PC-3 cell line lost its response to androgen stimulation, and higher basal levels of CDK2, CDK4, and p16 genes were constitutively expressed in PC-3 cells. Collectively, these data suggest a possible signaling pathway of androgen in stimulating cell growth. These results also imply that in androgen-dependent prostate cancer, increased androgen receptor (AR) activity, resulting from AR gain-of-function mutations, AR gene amplification, or AR gene overexpression, malignantly stimulates proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells and constitutes one possible mechanism of androgen-dependent tumorigenesis.
The Promise and Challenge of Stochastic Computing (2017)

Stochastic computing (SC) is an unconventional method of computation that treats data as probabilities. Typically, each bit of an N-bit stochastic number (SN) Xis randomly chosen to be 1 with some probability p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> , and X is generated and processed by conventional logic circuits. For instance, a single AND gate performs multiplication. The value X of an SN is measured by the density of 1 s in it, an information-coding scheme also found in biological neural systems. SC has uses in massively parallel systems and is very tolerant of soft errors. Its drawbacks include low accuracy, slow processing, and complex design needs. Its ability to efficiently perform tasks like communication decoding and neural network inference has rekindled interest in the field. Many challenges remain to be overcome, however, before SC becomes widespread. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of SC, mostly focusing on recent developments. We highlight the main challenges and discuss potential methods of overcoming them.
CATION-EXCHANGE TECHNIQUES IN RADIOCHEMISTRY. (1971)

This report addresses the cation-exchange techniques in radiochemistry.
Controlled Trial of the Action of a Toothpaste Containing Nicomethanol Hydrofluoride in the Treatment of Dentine Hypersensitivity (1986)

A double-blind clinical trial was performed on 76 patients with dentine hypersensitivity. For four weeks the patients used either a toothpaste containing nicomethanol hydrofluoride or one containing potassium nitrate and sodium monofluorophosphate. After one, two and four weeks the pain responses of the teeth to three types of stimuli were assessed. In normal conditions of oral hygiene, the nicomethanol hydrofluoride toothpaste was found at least as effective as the potassium nitrate/sodium monofluorophosphate preparation.
Rate and Extent of Dry Matter and Nitrogen Degradability of some Protein Sources in Goats (2001)

In situ DM and nitrogen degradahillty of guar meal (GM), soyabean meal (SBM), sunflower cake (SFC) and fish meal (FM) was determined using three rumen fistukited bucks, maintained on the basal diet of moth chara. The nitrogen and DM disappearance increased with increase in incubation period. The potential and effective degradability (ED) of N and DM for all experimental feeds was calculated. Lowest ED both for DM and N was observed for FM, while SFC had highest ED for N and GM for DM.
Exosomal cell-to-cell transmission of alpha synuclein oligomers (2012)

Our data suggest that αsyn may be secreted via different secretory pathways. We hypothesize that exosome-mediated release of αsyn oligomers is a mechanism whereby cells clear toxic αsyn oligomers when autophagic mechanisms fail to be sufficient. Preventing the early events in αsyn exosomal release and uptake by inducing autophagy may be a novel approach to halt disease spreading in PD and other synucleinopathies.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by cAMP vs. dioxin: Divergent signaling pathways (2005)

Even before the first vertebrates appeared on our planet, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene was present to carry out one or more critical life functions. The vertebrate AHR then evolved to take on functions of detecting and responding to certain classes of environmental toxicants. These environmental pollutants include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene), polyhalogenated hydrocarbons, dibenzofurans, and the most potent small-molecular-weight toxicant known, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin). After binding of these ligands, the activated AHR translocates rapidly from the cytosol to the nucleus, where it forms a heterodimer with aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator, causing cellular responses that lead to toxicity, carcinogenesis, and teratogenesis. The nuclear form of the activated AHR/aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator complex is responsible for alterations in immune, endocrine, reproductive, developmental, cardiovascular, and central nervous system functions whose mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the second messenger, cAMP (an endogenous mediator of hormones, neurotransmitters, and prostaglandins), activates the AHR, moving the receptor to the nucleus in some ways that are similar to and in other ways fundamentally different from AHR activation by dioxin. We suggest that this cAMP-mediated activation may reflect the true endogenous function of AHR; disruption of the cAMP-mediated activation by dioxin, binding chronically to the AHR for days, weeks, or months, might be pivotal in the mechanism of dioxin toxicity. Understanding this endogenous activation of the AHR by cAMP may help in developing methods to counteract the toxicity caused by numerous environmental and food-borne toxic chemicals that act via the AHR.
A Dual‐Targeting Octaguanidine–Doxorubicin Conjugate Transporter for Inducing Caspase‐Mediated Apoptosis on Folate‐Expressing Cancer Cells (2016)

An efficient synthetic framework was assembled (G8-FKE-FA-Dox), consisting of a lysosome-targeting octaguanidine molecular transporter with a cathepsin B (cath B)-specific peptide substrate, folic acid, and the potent chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox). Because the folate receptor (FR) and cath B are overexpressed in malignant cells, this transporter conjugate successfully executed lysosome-mediated transport of Dox to FR-positive tumor cells, illustrating this framework as an excellent targeted drug delivery system (TDDS). G8-FKE-FA-Dox was shown to exhibit selective toxicity toward FR-overexpressing cancer cells, with an IC50 value superior to that of the USFDA-approved Lipodox(TM) and proportional to that of free Dox via selective induction of apoptosis by the activation of caspases 8, 9, and 3. This TDDS was observed to be nontoxic to red blood cells and lymphocytes at neutral pH. Furthermore the tumor-targeting dissemination pattern of this system was revealed by monitoring the in vivo biodistribution of the carrier (G8-FKE-FA-FL) in normal and FR-overexpressing tumor-bearing mice.
Clinical investigation of posttransfusion Kidd blood group typing using a rapid normalized quantitative polymerase chain reaction (2004)

A simple, rapid, and accurate technique has been developed. The assay performs well in the clinical setting. With further study, and inclusion of other blood group systems, this may become an important supplemental technique for selected patients in the immunohematology reference laboratory.
Synthesis of diamondlike carbon films with superlow friction and wear properties (2000)

In this study, we introduce a new diamondlike carbon (DLC) film providing a friction coefficient of 0.001 and wear rates of 10−9–10−10 mm3/N m in inert-gas environments (e.g., dry nitrogen and argon). The film was grown on steel and sapphire substrates in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system that uses a hydrogen-rich plasma. Employing a combination of surface and structure analytical techniques, we explored the structural chemistry of the resultant DLC films and correlated these findings with the friction and wear mechanisms of the films. The results of tribological tests under a 10 N load (creating initial peak Hertz pressures of 1 and 2.2 GPa on steel and sapphire test pairs, respectively) and at 0.2 to 0.5 m/s sliding velocities indicated that a close correlation exists between the friction and wear coefficients of DLC films and the source gas chemistry. Specifically, films grown in source gases with higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratios had the lowest friction coefficients and the highest wear resistance. The lowest friction coefficient (0.001) was achieved with a film on sapphire substrates produced in a gas discharge plasma consisting of 25% methane and 75% hydrogen.
(–)‐Epicatechin enhances fatigue resistance and oxidative capacity in mouse muscle (2011)

The flavanol (-)-epicatechin, a component of cacao (cocoa), has been shown to have multiple health benefits in humans. Using 1-year-old male mice, we examined the effects of 15 days of (-)-epicatechin treatment and regular exercise on: (1) exercise performance, (2) muscle fatigue, (3) capillarity, and (4) mitochondrial biogenesis in mouse hindlimb and heart muscles. Twenty-five male mice (C57BL/6N) were randomized into four groups: (1) water, (2) water-exercise (W-Ex), (3) (-)-epicatechin ((-)-Epi), and (4) (-)-epicatechin-exercise ((-)-Epi-Ex). Animals received 1 mg kg(-1) of (-)-epicatechin or water (vehicle) via oral gavage (twice daily). Exercise groups underwent 15 days of treadmill exercise. Significant increases in treadmill performance (∼50%) and enhanced in situ muscle fatigue resistance (∼30%) were observed with (-)-epicatechin. Components of oxidative phosphorylation complexes, mitofilin, porin, nNOS, p-nNOS, and Tfam as well as mitochondrial volume and cristae abundance were significantly higher with (-)-epicatechin treatment for hindlimb and cardiac muscles than exercise alone. In addition, there were significant increases in skeletal muscle capillarity. The combination of (-)-epicatechin and exercise resulted in further increases in oxidative phosphorylation-complex proteins, mitofilin, porin and capillarity than (-)-epicatechin alone. These findings indicate that (-)-epicatechin alone or in combination with exercise induces an integrated response that includes structural and metabolic changes in skeletal and cardiac muscles resulting in greater endurance capacity. These results, therefore, warrant the further evaluation of the underlying mechanism of action of (-)-epicatechin and its potential clinical application as an exercise mimetic.
Parallel-burn options for dual-fuel single-stage orbital transports (1978)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Peptidylarginine deiminase from <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> citrullinates human fibrinogen and α‐enolase: Implications for autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis (2010)

Our findings demonstrate that among the oral bacterial pathogens tested, P gingivalis is unique in its ability to citrullinate proteins. We further show that P gingivalis rapidly generates citrullinated host peptides by proteolytic cleavage at Arg-X peptide bonds by arginine gingipains, followed by citrullination of carboxy-terminal arginines by bacterial PAD. Our results suggest a novel model where P gingivalis-mediated citrullination of bacterial and host proteins provides a molecular mechanism for generating antigens that drive the autoimmune response in RA.
Supermodes of hermite tapered arrays of vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers (1999)

Two-dimensional arrays of vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers were prepared by mirror patterning. The size of the laser elements of the array was tapered according to the Hermite polynomial zeros, in order to achieve a multilobed far-field pattern, e.g., for applications as an array illuminator. Injecting short current pulses (/spl sim/100 ns) to the N/spl times/N Hermite tapered vertical-cavity semiconductor laser array resulted in the lasing of anti-phase supermodes, similar to supermodes of uniform size but (N+2)/spl times/(N+2) laser arrays. Excitation by a long pulse resulted in a supermode localized on the larger elements of the array-exhibiting the desired multilobed far-field intensity pattern.
Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater Remediation by Entrapped Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (2011)

The use of NZVI entrapped in Ca-alginate beads shows great promise as an advanced treatment technique for arsenic removal from groundwater. As clean water sources around the world become scarce, the ability to remediate contaminated water is becoming increasingly critical. Millions of people are forced to consume water contaminated by arsenic daily, jeopardizing their health and quality of life. In batch studies with initial As5+ concentrations of 1, 5, 10 mg/L, ∼ 85–100% removal of arsenic was achieved within 2 h. At each concentration level bare particle performance exceeds that of the entrapped for the initial 15 to 60 min of the reaction. However, after this initial phase most of the bare NZVI particles are exhausted while entrapped particles are more steadily consumed allowing for consistently lower arsenic levels in the latter reaction stages. Entrapment also controls the dispersibility by containing particles to larger polymer structures while we still benefit from the unique properties of nanomaterials (e.g. increased surface area). Furthermore, Caalginate polymer is non-toxic, biodegradable and has little to no solubility in water making it ideal for treatment purposes. After treatment entrapped particles can be more easily separated from liquid stream as well.
Reverse nearest neighbors in large graphs (2006)

A reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) query returns the data objects that have a query point as their nearest neighbor (NN). Although such queries have been studied quite extensively in Euclidean spaces, there is no previous work in the context of large graphs. In this paper, we provide a fundamental lemma, which can be used to prune the search space while traversing the graph in search for RNN. Based on it, we develop two RNN methods; an eager algorithm that attempts to prune network nodes as soon as they are visited and a lazy technique that prunes the search space when a data point is discovered. We study retrieval of an arbitrary number k of reverse nearest neighbors, investigate the benefits of materialization, cover several query types, and deal with cases where the queries and the data objects reside on nodes or edges of the graph. The proposed techniques are evaluated in various practical scenarios involving spatial maps, computer networks, and the DBLP coauthorship graph.
Efficient array-fed reflector antenna (2002)

This paper presents a method of maximizing antenna efficiency. The proposed method utilizes a specially configured antenna array as the prime-focus feed. By carefully configuring the array elements (spacing and excitation), the array illuminates only the non-blocked portion of the main reflector. In addition, the array pattern is optimized such that the non-blocked portion of the reflector antenna is quasi-uniformly illuminated. The illumination function from this feed array is similar to the sub-reflector pattern of an axially symmetric shaped reflector configuration, where the sub-reflector is designed to uniformly illuminate the non-blocked portion of the main reflector.
Bioelectric Signal Measuring System (2015)

We describe a low noise measuring system based on interdigitated electrodes for sensing bioelectrical signals. The system registers differential voltage measurements in order of microvolts. The base noise during measurements was in nanovolts and thus, the sensing signals presented a very good signal to noise ratio. An excitation voltage of 1V rms with 10 KHz frequency was applied to an interdigitated capacitive sensor without a material under test and to a mirror device simultaneously. The output signals of both devices was then subtracted in order to obtain an initial reference value near cero volts and reduce parasitic capacitances due to the electronics, wiring and system hardware as well. The response of the measuring system was characterized by monitoring temporal bioelectrical signals in real time of biological materials such as embryo chicken heart cells and bovine suprarenal gland cells.
Phosphine‐Free Palladium Catalytic System for the Selective Direct Arylation of Furans or Thiophenes bearing Alkenes and Inhibition of Heck‐Type Reaction (2011)

Abstract Palladium acetate associated to potassium carbonate as catalytic system has been found to efficiently catalyse the direct 5‐arylation of furans or thiophenes bearing enal, enone or acrylate functions at carbon C‐2, and to inhibit the Heck‐type reaction. The nature of the base is crucial to control the selectivity of the arylation. In the presence of electron‐deficient aryl bromides and potassium carbonate as the base, the direct arylation is favoured, whereas the use of potassium fluoride gave selectively the Heck‐type product, and tri‐ n ‐butylamine the reductive addition product.
Guided-wave GaAs/AlGaAs FET optical modulator based on free-carrier-induced bleaching (1987)

The first optical modulators based on the free-carrier bleaching effect have been demonstrated. In these singlequantum-wen FET optical modulator (FETOM) devices, the FET gate is self-aligned to a waveguide. They exhibit a 3 : 1 extinction ratio for a 10 V change in applied voltage to the gate electrode of a 750 μm FETOM waveguide.
Highly efficient 1063-nm continuous-wave laser emission in Nd:GdVO_4 (2003)

Highly efficient 1-microm continuous-wave laser emission in 3-mm-thick, 0.5- and 1.0-at. % Nd:GdVO4 crystals longitudinally pumped at 879 nm into the laser emitting level is reported. Under Ti:sapphire pumping, the slope efficiency in absorbed power is approximately 80% for both crystals, while the slope efficiency, the optical-to-optical efficiency (at 1700-mW pump power), and the laser threshold in incident power are 79%, 78%, and 31 mW for 0.5-at. % Nd and 80%, 77%, and 40 mW for 1.0-at. % Nd, respectively. The slope efficiency is close to the quantum defect limit, the difference being fully accounted for by the residual optical losses. Under 879-nm diode laser pumping, the slope efficiency and the optical-to-optical efficiency in absorbed power of the 0.5-at. % Nd:GdVO4 crystal are 60% and 53%, owing to poorer superposition of the pumped and the laser mode volumes.
THE SNAKE GENUS AMASTRIDIUM IN OAXACA MEXICO (1971)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Selective Color Constancy Deficits after Circumscribed Unilateral Brain Lesions (1999)

The color of an object, when part of a complex scene, is determined not only by its spectral reflectance but also by the colors of all other objects in the scene (von Helmholtz, 1886; Ives, 1912; Land, 1959). By taking global color information into account, the visual system is able to maintain constancy of the color appearance of the object, despite large variations in the light incident on the retina arising from changes in the spectral content of the illuminating light (Hurlbert, 1998; Maloney, 1999). The neural basis of this color constancy is, however, poorly understood. Although there seems to be a prominent role for retinal, cone-specific adaptation mechanisms (von Kries, 1902; Pöppel, 1986; Foster and Nascimento, 1994), the contribution of cortical mechanisms to color constancy is still unclear (Land et al., 1983; D'Zmura and Lennie, 1986). We examined the color perception of 27 patients with defined unilateral lesions mainly located in the parieto-temporo-occipital and fronto-parieto-temporal cortex. With a battery of clinical and specially designed color vision tests we tried to detect and differentiate between possible deficits in central color processing. Our results show that color constancy can be selectively impaired after circumscribed unilateral lesions in parieto-temporal cortex of the left or right hemisphere. Five of 27 patients exhibited significant deficits in a color constancy task, but all of the 5 performed well in color discrimination or higher-level visual tasks, such as the association of colors with familiar objects. These results indicate that the computations underlying color constancy are mediated by specialized cortical circuitry, which is independent of the neural substrate for color discrimination and for assigning colors to objects.
Isolation and Structural Identification of 1,25- Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>Produced by Cultured Alveolar Macrophages in Sarcoidosis* (1985)

Hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria in sarcoidosis are thought to result from the endogenous overproduction of an active vitamin D metabolite. We employed primary cultures of pulmonary alveolar macrophages from two patients with biopsy-proven pulmonary sarcoidosis and a recent or current clinical abnormality in calcium metabolism to synthesize in vitro a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3]-like metabolite from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3). The macrophage metabolite cochromatographed with [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 on normal phase and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and was bound with high affinity by the chick intestinal receptor for 1,25-(OH)2D3. On UV spectroscopy, the metabolite possessed the carbon-5,7,10 (19) cis-triene chromophore characteristic of a vitamin D sterol. Electron impact mass spectrometry of trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of the metabolite revealed a mass fragmentation pattern similar to that of the trimethylsilyl ether derivative of authentic 1,25-(OH)2D3. The incubation of cultured macrophages from two patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and two with scleroderma with [3H]25OHD3 did not result in production of a metabolite with the chromatographic identity of 1,25-(OH)2D3. These data indicate that the metabolite of 25OHD3 synthesized by sarcoid macrophages in vitro is 1,25-(OH)2D3 and that the macrophage is a synthetic source of the sterol metabolite in sarcoidosis.