gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopically aided anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a new drill wire guide (1989)

The authors have made a new drill wire guide of universal type used in arthroscopic operations and have named it the Rhomboid Guide because of its rhomboidal frame. This multipurpose guide has made it easy to prepare exact bone tunnels under arthroscopic control and is preferably applied to arthroscopically aided anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. For such reconstruction the authors make a bifurcate intraarticular substitute using the iliotibial band. The Rhomboid Guide has made it possible to perform this rather complicated procedure arthroscopically.
Angular brushing of extended parallel coordinates (2003)

In this paper we present angular brushing for parallel coordinates (PC) as a new approach to highlighting rational data-properties, i.e., features which - in a non-separable way - depend on two data dimensions. We also demonstrate smooth brushing as an intuitive tool for specifying nonbinary degree-of-interest functions (for focus+context visualization). We also briefly describe our implementation as well as its application to the visualization of CFD data.
[The influence of taurolidine on physiological and pathological blood coagulation and implications for its use]. (1999)

Taurolidine is an anti-infective agent with an unusually broad spectrum of effectivity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, anaerobic organisms, and fungi. The effective principle is explained by the decomposition of the substance and the transfer of methylol groups to specific molecular structures of the cell walls of microbes. The acceptors are amino groups of the amino sugars and the lysine residues of glycoproteids. More recent investigations have shown that the effect of taurolidine is not limited to microorganisms, but can be detected in cells of the macrorganism as well. Here the influence of taurolidine on different blood clotting factors is described. The results can be explained by a transfer of methylol groups to residues of arginine and histidine in the active region, in analogy to the transfer to lysine residues in microorganisms. It is therefore to be expected that taurolidine will influence other vital systems of the macroorganism, dependently of concentration, as long as their biological function is connected to residues of arginine or histidine. Examples are the complement system and the fibrinolysis system. The implications of these observations have to do with new indications in connection with clotting phenomena in extracorporal circulatory systems or with thrombolysis, as well as with known indications in cases of shock and sepsis.
Electromechanical Modeling and Adaptive Feedforward Control of a Self-Sensing Scanning Fiber Endoscope (2016)

Precise image capture using a mechanical scanning endoscope is framed as a resonant structural-deflection control problem in a novel application. A bipolar piezoelectric self-sensing circuit is introduced to retrofit the piezoelectric tube as a miniature sensor. A data-driven electromechanical modeling approach is presented using system identification and system inversion methods that together represent the first online-adaptive control strategy for the scanning fiber endoscope (SFE). Trajectory tracking experiments show marked improvements in scan accuracy over previous control methods and significantly, the ability of the new method to adapt to changing operating environments.
Long-term study of cell-mediated responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in the laboratory mouse (1993)

Borrelia burgdorferi infection of disease-susceptible (C3H) and -resistant (BALB) mice resulted in impaired proliferation to both T- and B-cell mitogens up to 30 days after inoculation. Interleukin-2 and -4 production was also impaired, paralleling the T-cell response to concanavalin A. Impaired lymphocyte proliferation could not be attributed to diminished numbers of T or B cells and was found to depend on the lymphoid organ (spleen or lymph node) examined. Prostaglandin production accounted for part of this immune dysfunction. Attempts to assess antigen-specific proliferation to B. burgdorferi were inconsistent, and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were not detected. Adoptive transfer of T-enriched cells from chronically infected donors failed to prevent infection and disease development in recipient C3H mice. The current study emphasizes caution in the study of B. burgdorferi antigen-specific assays and argues against the role of a vigorous T-cell response in Lyme borreliosis in infected laboratory mice.
Elimination-addition pathways for thiol esters (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleElimination-addition pathways for thiol estersKenneth T. DouglasCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1986, 19, 6, 186–192Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00126a005Request reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (739 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GIS in emergency management as a core information system and related new requirements to emergency telecommunication (2002)

GIS in emergency management as a core information system and related new requirements to emergency telecommunication
Devirtualizable virtual machines enabling general, single-node, online maintenance (2004)

Maintenance is the dominant source of downtime at high availability sites. Unfortunately, the dominant mechanism for reducing this downtime, cluster rolling upgrade, has two shortcomings that have prevented its broad acceptance. First, cluster-style maintenance over many nodes is typically performed a few nodes at a time, mak-ing maintenance slow and often impractical. Second, cluster-style maintenance does not work on single-node systems, despite the fact that their unavailability during maintenance can be painful for organizations. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for online maintenance that uses virtual machines to provide maintenance on single nodes, allowing parallel maintenance over multiple nodes, and online maintenance for standalone servers. We present the Microvisor, our prototype virtual machine system that is custom tailored to the needs of online maintenance. Unlike general purpose virtual machine environments that induce continual 10-20% over-head, the Microvisor virtualizes the hardware only during periods of active maintenance, letting the guest OS run at full speed most of the time. Unlike past attempts at virtual machine optimization, we do not compromise OS transparency. We instead give up generality and tailor our virtual machine system to the minimum needs of online maintenance, eschewing features, such as I/O and memory virtualization, that it does not strictly require. The result is a very thin virtual machine system that induces only 5.6% CPU overhead when virtualizing the hardware, and zero CPU overhead when devirtualized . Using the Microvisor, we demonstrate an online OS upgrade on a live, single-node web server, reducing downtime from one hour to less than one minute.
RF capacitance-voltage characterization of MOSFETs with high leakage dielectrics (2003)

We present a MOS Capacitance-Voltage measurement methodology that, contrary to present methods, is highly robust against gate leakage current densities up to 1000 A/cm/sup 2/. The methodology features specially designed RF test structures and RF measurement frequencies. It allows MOS parameter extraction in the full range of accumulation, depletion, and inversion.
Prediction of Elementary Reaction Mechanism for the CVD Process in Si<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>6</SUB>-H<SUB>2</SUB> System using Semi-Empirical Molecular Orbital Method (1999)

From our previous experimental study of the Si chemical vapor deposition in Si2Cl6-H2 system, the following elementary reaction mechanism was proposed: decomposition of Si2Cl6 to produce SiCl2, which becomes the adsorbent; Si2Cl6(g)→2SiCl3(g)→SiCl4(g)+SiCl2(g)(→SiCl2(a)), and hydrogen reduction reaction of the absorbed SiCl2 to produce Si(s). The preliminary quantum chemistry study for this reaction mechanism has shown that the reaction is so infeasible that the above-mentioned elementary reaction mechanism is unreasonable. The most feasible and appropriate reaction mechanism has been shown as follows:(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.) \ oindentwhere, a is the active site on silicon surface. On the assumption that step 3 is the rate-determining step, this elementary reaction mechanism can explain the experimental observation in the rate expression on the concentration dependence with respect to Si2Cl6 and H2.
Classical Model Predictive Control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (2016)

A model predictive control (MPC) scheme for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is introduced. The torque controller optimizes a quadratic cost consisting of control error and machine losses repeatedly, accounting for the voltage and current limitations. The scheme extensively relies on online optimization. To meet the runtime limitation, a suboptimal algorithm based on differential flatness, continuous parameterization and linear programming is introduced.The multivariable controller exploits cross-coupling effects in the long-range constrained predictive control strategy. The optimization results in fast and smooth torque dynamics while inherently using field-weakening to improve the power efficiency and the current dynamics in high speed operation. As distinctive MPC feature, constraint handling is improved, instead of just saturating the control input, field weakening is applied dynamically to bypass the voltage limitation. The performance of the scheme is demonstrated by experimental and numerical results.
Trauma to the chest wall, lung, and major airways. (1992)

Presented is an overview of practical clinical information of the care of patients who have suffered trauma to the chest wall, lung, and major airways. Associated intrathoracic injuries are discussed in detail elsewhere in this issue. Information will also be presented that deals with the spectrum of pulmonary dysfunction which follows significant trauma to the chest, and which is often associated withvictims of multisystem trauma. The pathophysiology and management aspects of the adult respiratory distress syndrome are presented in an appended article. The reader is referred to the American College of Surgeons’ Care of the Surgical Patient, which contains excellent information on trauma resuscitation,’ trauma to the torso,* and intensive care support,3-5 and which serves to put the topic of chest trauma in perspective.
Aberration Theory Made Simple (1991)

This book provides a clear, concise, and consistent exposition of what aberrations are, how they arise in optical imaging systems, and how they affect the quality of images formed by them. The emphasis of the book is on physical insight, problem solving, and numerical results, and the text is intended for engineers and scientists who have a need and a desire for a deeper and better understanding of aberrations and Their role in optical imaging and wave propagation.
An area minimizing layout generator for random logic blocks (2002)

We present a new area minimizing layout generator and a new CMOS cell layout style with a regular and compact structure. The new structure, with power lines near the middle, uses less area for individual cells, makes intra- and inter-cell routing problems straightforward, allows easy embedding of feedthroughs in the cell, and enables output pins to occur at any grid location. Using an exact algorithm to generate static CMOS cells with a minimum number of diffusion breaks ensures that the width of the cells is minimized. An exhaustive search among the minimum width cells produces the minimum height cell. Interaction between the global router and the cell generator optimizes the locations of feedthroughs needed for the routing and the pin orderings for all cells. Detail routing merely requires a two or three layer channel router for over-the-cell routing. Our results show that circuits using the new cell layout style achieve significant area savings compared to the use of the existing MSU library and an industrial library of manually laid out compact cells.
The safety of biologic agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. (2008)

In the last decade, a new class of drugs referred to as biologics has been used successfully for treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Drugs such as infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab have been important treatment advancements because they allow the direct targeting of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), which is elevated in the blood, stool, and tissue of patients with IBD. Evidence about the benefits of these drugs is accumulating. However, they are not risk-free, and evidence of their risks--primarily infection and malignancy--is also mounting. This article reviews that body of research and offers advice for physicians who must counsel patients about whether the benefits of these treatments outweigh the risks.
CLS investigation: exploiting the forensics craze I. (2007)

There are similarities between clinical laboratory science (CLS) and forensic laboratory science that educators can exploit for recruitment and public relations activities. Many CLS techniques are also used in forensics and some relatively simple forensics techniques can be brought into the CLS laboratory for a cohesive laboratory experience that simultaneously exposes interested students to both fields.
Use of a specific immunogenic region on the Cowdria ruminantium MAP1 protein in a serological assay (1995)

Currently available serological tests for cowdriosis (Cowdria ruminantium infection) in domestic ruminants are hampered by their low specificities because of cross-reactivity with Ehrlichia spp. The use of recombinant major antigenic protein (MAP1) of C. ruminantium for serodiagnosis was investigated. Overlapping fragments of the MAP1 protein were expressed in Escherichia coli and were reacted with sera from sheep infected with either C. ruminantium or Ehrlichia ovina. Two immunogenic regions on the MAP1 protein, designated MAP1-A and MAP1-B, were identified. MAP1-A was reactive with C. ruminantium antisera, E. ovina antisera, and three MAP1-specific monoclonal antibodies, whereas MAP1-B reacted only with C. ruminantium antisera. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on MAP1-B was further developed and validated with sera from animals experimentally infected with C. ruminantium or several Ehrlichia spp. Antibodies raised in sheep, cattle, and goats against nine isolates of C. ruminantium reacted with MAP1-B. Cross-reactivity with MAP1-B was limited to Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis, two rickettsias which do not infect ruminants. Antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. which do infect ruminants (E. bovis, E. ovina, and E. phagocytophila) did not react with MAP1-B. Antibody titers to C. ruminantium in sera from experimentally infected cattle, goats, and sheep were detectable for 50 to 200 days postinfection. Further validation of the recombinant MAP1-B-based ELISA was done with sera obtained from sheep raised in heartwater-free areas in Zimbabwe and from several Caribbean islands. A total of 159 of 169 samples which were considered to be false positive by immunoblotting or indirect ELISA did not react with MAP1-B. In conclusion, recombinant MAP1-B may be a suitable antigen for a sensitive serological test for cowdriosis, with dramatically improved specificity.
Fundamental limitations in passive time delay estimation--Part I: Narrow-band systems (1983)

Time delay estimation of a noise-like random signal observed at two or more spatially separated receivers is a problem of considerable practical interest in passive radar/sonar applications. A new method is presented to analyze the mean-square error performance of delay estimation schemes based on a modified (improved) version of the Ziv-Zakai lower bound (ZZLB). This technique is shown to yield the tightest results on the attainable system performance for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. For delay estimation using narrow-band (ambiguity-prone) signals, the fundamental result of this study is illustrated in Fig. 3. The entire domain of SNR is divided into several disjoint segments indicating several distinct modes of operation. If the available SNR does not exceed SNR <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> , signal observations from the receiver outputs are completely dominated by noise thus essentially useless for the delay estimation. As a result, the attainable mean-square error <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\bar{\epsilon}^{2}</tex> is bounded only by the a priori parameter domain. If SNR <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> < SNR < SNR <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , the modified ZZLB coincides with the Barankin bound. In this regime differential delay observations are subject to ambiguities. If SNR > SNR <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> the modified ZZLB coincides with the Cramer-Rao lower bound indicating that the ambiguity in the differential delay estimation can essentially be resolved. The transition from the ambiguity-dominated mode of operation to the ambiguity-free mode of operation starts at SNR <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and ends at SNR <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> . This is the threshold phenomenon in time delay estimation. The various deflection points SNR <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> and the various segments of the bound (Fig. 3) are given as functions of such important system parameters as time-bandwidth product (WT), signal bandwidth to center frequency ratio (W/ω <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> ) and the number of half wavelengths of the signal center frequency contained in the spacing between receivers. With this information the composite bound illustrated in Fig. 3 provides the most complete characterization of the attainable system performance under any prespecified SNR conditions.
Air Bag Technology in Light Passenger Vehicles (Version 2) (2001)

In December 1997, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) sent an information request to nine automobile manufacturers requesting detailed technical information on the current industry practice on air bag technologies, and how air bag design and performance characteristics had evolved through the 1990s. The manufacturers provided the agency with the requested data, much of which was proprietary and confidential. The data included information on MY 1990 through MY 1998 vehicles. This report uses those data, as well as other available information, to illustrate the general trends in air bag design and performance characteristics. It also uses data from static and dynamic tests of various air bags and an assessment of air bag performance in terms of injury measures made on dummies representing occupants under low speed and high speed conditions. It also discusses the results of investigations of real world crashes by NHTSA's Special Crash Investigations office. The report is only intended to provide an overview of the trends in air bag characteristics and design changes. The limited analyses presented in this report are not intended to be a comprehensive report on the projected safety performance of the past, present, or future vehicle fleet.
Dynamic autofocus for continuous-scanning time-delay-and-integration image acquisition in automated microscopy (2007)

Efficient image cytometry of a conventional microscope slide means rapid acquisition and analysis of 20 gigapixels of image data (at 0.3-microm sampling). The voluminous data motivate increased acquisition speed to enable many biomedical applications. Continuous-motion time-delay-and-integrate (TDI) scanning has the potential to speed image acquisition while retaining sensitivity, but the challenge of implementing high-resolution autofocus operating simultaneously with acquisition has limited its adoption. We develop a dynamic autofocus system for this need using: 1. a "volume camera," consisting of nine fiber optic imaging conduits to charge-coupled device (CCD) sensors, that acquires images in parallel from different focal planes, 2. an array of mixed analog-digital processing circuits that measure the high spatial frequencies of the multiple image streams to create focus indices, and 3. a software system that reads and analyzes the focus data streams and calculates best focus for closed feedback loop control. Our system updates autofocus at 56 Hz (or once every 21 microm of stage travel) to collect sharply focused images sampled at 0.3x0.3 microm(2)/pixel at a stage speed of 2.3 mms. The system, tested by focusing in phase contrast and imaging long fluorescence strips, achieves high-performance closed-loop image-content-based autofocus in continuous scanning for the first time.
Wortspiele (1984)

Die Behandlung von Textvariablen, oder das Arbeiten mit Texten, die vom Benutzer beim Spiel eingegeben werden, ist das Grundgerüst einiger „klassischer” und höchst interessanter Computerspiele. Obwohl durch die technischen Neuerungen Möglichkeiten für Farbe, Grafik und Klang geschaffen wurden, bleiben die Wortspiele weiterhin faszinierend, zum Spielen wie auch zum Programmieren.
Ultrafast Protein Splicing is Common among Cyanobacterial Split Inteins: Implications for Protein Engineering (2012)

We describe the first systematic study of a family of inteins, the split DnaE inteins from cyanobacteria. By measuring in vivo splicing efficiencies and in vitro kinetics, we demonstrate that several inteins can catalyze protein trans-splicing in tens of seconds rather than hours, as is commonly observed for this autoprocessing protein family. Furthermore, we show that when artificially fused, these inteins can be used for rapid generation of protein α-thioesters for expressed protein ligation. This comprehensive survey of split inteins provides indispensable information for the development and improvement of intein-based tools for chemical biology.