gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatic CB1 receptor is required for development of diet-induced steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin and leptin resistance in mice (2008)

Diet-induced obesity is associated with fatty liver, insulin resistance, leptin resistance, and changes in plasma lipid profile. Endocannabinoids have been implicated in the development of these associated phenotypes, because mice deficient for the cannabinoid receptor CB1 (CB1-/-) do not display these changes in association with diet-induced obesity. The target tissues that mediate these effects, however, remain unknown. We therefore investigated the relative role of hepatic versus extrahepatic CB1 receptors in the metabolic consequences of a high-fat diet, using liver-specific CB1 knockout (LCB1-/-) mice. LCB1(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet developed a similar degree of obesity as that of wild-type mice, but, similar to CB1(-/-) mice, had less steatosis, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin and leptin resistance than did wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet. CB1 agonist-induced increase in de novo hepatic lipogenesis and decrease in the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and total energy expenditure were absent in both CB1(-/-) and LCB1(-/-) mice. We conclude that endocannabinoid activation of hepatic CB1 receptors contributes to the diet-induced steatosis and associated hormonal and metabolic changes, but not to the increase in adiposity, observed with high-fat diet feeding. Theses studies suggest that peripheral CB1 receptors could be selectively targeted for the treatment of fatty liver, impaired glucose homeostasis, and dyslipidemia in order to minimize the neuropsychiatric side effects of nonselective CB1 blockade during treatment of obesity-associated conditions.
Hydrogel Nanocomposite as a Synthetic Intra‐Ocular Lens Capable of Accommodation (2005)

Abstract A hydrogel nanocomposite was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for use as an auto‐focusing intra‐ocular lens. The hydrogel scaffold was composed of a monomer‐free, thiol that contained polyacrylamide (5%), which was allowed to gel in the presence of nanoparticles at pH 7.4, 25°C. The nanoparticles consisted of a proteo‐mimetic polyacrylamide nanogel (∼42 nm), bovine serum albumin (BSA) (∼6 nm), and hydrophilized silica (∼3 nm). The extent of nanoparticle loading increased with decreasing particle size. The elastic modulus increased with increasing loading of the proteo‐mimetic nanogels and BSA, and it decreased with hydrophilized silica. In this investigation, the hydrogel that contained silica was the most promising class of nanocomposite hydrogels with properties comparable to that of a young porcine lens. A nanocomposite that consisted of 10% hydrogel scaffold and 24% hydrophilized silica (elastic [E] modulus of ∼1.0 kPa and refractive index [RI] of 1.42) was injected into a pre‐evacuated porcine lens capsular bag. The composite lens was evaluated in a custom‐designed four‐arm radial stretcher, and its force‐time spectrum was characterized by time constants of 60 ± 8.9 and 800 ± 32 ms. These results were comparable to a young porcine lens (E Modulus of 1.2 kPa; RI of 1.4105; time constants of 48.3 ± 0.58 and 668 ± 24.6 ms, respectively)
Cone–rod receptor spaces with illustrations that use CRT phosphor and light-emitting-diode spectra (1996)

The purpose of the study is to characterize the excitation of the three cone types and the rods in a colorimetric system. Two representations of photoreceptor activity are developed. In the first, rod activity is characterized within a cone colorimetric system that is based on three known physical primaries. Examples are given that use color CRT phosphor spectra. We illustrate how this representation can be used to evaluate the range of chromaticities over which rod signals may intrude into color-monitor-based investigations of cone function. In the second representation, mixtures of four physical primary lights are used to manipulate the four receptor excitations independently. This method allows specification of sets of lights that isolate or silence up to three receptor classes or any combination of receptor classes. Examples are given that use spectra from four light-emitting diodes. This approach opens a field of research in which rod input to various retinal pathways can be evaluated.
JNJ-26481585, a Novel Second-Generation Oral Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Shows Broad-Spectrum Preclinical Antitumoral Activity (2009)

The potent antitumor activity as a single agent in preclinical models combined with its favorable pharmacodynamic profile makes JNJ-26481585 a promising "second-generation" HDAC inhibitor. The compound is currently in clinical studies, to evaluate its potential applicability in a broad spectrum of both solid and hematologic malignancies.
Fluoropolymers in automotive applications (2006)

Abstract Fluoropolymers, in the form of thermoplastics and elastomers, find a wide use in automotive applications, because of the combination of their high resistance to fuels, lubricants and to elevated temperatures. Examples are fuel and vapor management hoses, fuel tank filler necks, wire insulations, O‐rings, diaphragms, seals, etc. This contribution covers the basic chemistry of fluoropolymers used in the automotive industry, their properties and specifics about the main automotive applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracellular vascular muscle Ca2+ modulation in genetic hypertension. (1989)

Distribution of intracellular free calcium concentration (Ca2+) was compared in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat isolated vascular muscle cells at rest and during stimulation by K+ with Ca2+ agonist or antagonist. Ca2+ activity was quantitated at each point within vascular muscle cells loaded with fura-2 at fluorescence excitation wavelengths of 340, 360, and 380 nm, and fluorescence emission at 510 nm (all filters were +/- 5 nm) quantitated by a digital photon-counting camera. Measurements of fluorescence intensity ratio in central and subsarcolemmal areas showed that calcium release, in response to 30 or 100 mM K+ with Ca2+ agonist or during spontaneous contractions, was principally from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Addition of the Ca2+ agonist Sdz 202-791, S (+) stereoisomer (SdzS), caused a dose-dependent increase of Ca2+ in both SHR and WKY rats. Intracellular calcium release sites were defined by "hot spots" of high fluorescence intensity ratio in both central and peripheral regions of the sarcoplasm. The size and intensity of hot spots increased, and there was an initial transient activation of subsarcolemmal calcium pools in response to high K+ with 1 microM Ca2+ agonist. In contrast, treatment of the cells with the R (-) stereoisomer of Sdz 202-791 (SdzR), a Ca2+ antagonist, prevented the increase in Ca2+ and the increase in hot spot size by either K+ alone or with agonist. Antagonist decreased central core Ca2+ release and fragmented the subsarcolemmal hot spots.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Conceptual Design for Superconducting Planar Helical Undulator (2004)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Shigemi Sasaki; Conceptual Design for Superconducting Planar Helical Undulator. AIP Conf. Proc. 12 May 2004; 705 (1): 278–281. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1757788 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Rapid, room-temperature synthesis of amorphous selenium/protein composites using<i>Capsicum annuum L</i>extract (2007)

We describe the formation of amorphous selenium (α-Se)/protein composites using Capsicum annuum L extract to reduce selenium ions (SeO32−) at room temperature. The reaction occurs rapidly and the process is simple and easy to handle. A protein with a molecular weight of 30 kDa extracted from Capsicum annuum L not only reduces the SeO32− ions to Se0, but also controls the nucleation and growth of Se0, and even participates in the formation of α-Se/protein composites. The size and shell thickness of the α-Se/protein composites increases with high Capsicum annuum L extract concentration, and decreases with low reaction solution pH. The results suggest that this eco-friendly, biogenic synthesis strategy could be widely used for preparing inorganic/organic biocomposites. In addition, we also discuss the possible mechanism of the reduction of SeO32− ions by Capsicum annuum L extract.
Blimp1 controls photoreceptor versus bipolar cell fate choice during retinal development (2010)

Photoreceptors, rods and cones are the most abundant cell type in the mammalian retina. However, the molecules that control their development are not fully understood. In studies of photoreceptor fate determination, we found that Blimp1 (Prdm1) is expressed transiently in developing photoreceptors. We analyzed the function of Blimp1 in the mouse retina using a conditional deletion approach. Developmental analysis of mutants showed that Otx2(+) photoreceptor precursors ectopically express the bipolar cell markers Chx10 (Vsx2) and Vsx1, adopting bipolar instead of photoreceptor fate. However, this fate shift did not occur until the time when bipolar cells are normally specified during development. Most of the excess bipolar cells died around the time of bipolar cell maturation. Our results suggest that Blimp1 expression stabilizes immature photoreceptors by preventing bipolar cell induction. We conclude that Blimp1 regulates the decision between photoreceptor and bipolar cell fates in the Otx2(+) cell population during retinal development.
Neutraline Dark Matter and electroweak Baryogenesis in the MSSM (1994)

Cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed vulnerary effects of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB (rP-DGF-BB) in man have not been elucidated. In a double-blinded trial, patients having chronic pressure ulcers were treated topically with either rPDGF-BB or placebo for 28 days. To explore how rPDGF-BB may induce chronic wounds to heal, biopsies were taken from the ulcers of a cohort of 20 patients from the trial and evaluated in a blinded fashion by light microscopy for 1), fibroblast content, 2) neovessel formation, and 3), collagen deposition. Electron microscopy also was used to assess fibroblast activation and collagen deposition. Before initiation of therapy most wounds had few fibroblasts and most of those present were not activated. When mean scores for the total active treatment phase (days 8, 15, and 29) for rPDGF-BB-treated ulcers were compared with the scores for placebo-treated ulcers, fibroblast content was significantly higher for the rPDGF-BB-treated ulcers (P = 0.03, Kruskal-Wallis test). More significant differences in fibroblast and neovessel content were observed when six nonhealing wounds were eliminated from the analysis (three placebo, three treatment). Thus, in all healing wounds, rPDGF-BB therapy significantly increased fibroblast (P = 0.0007) and neovessel (P = 0.02) content. These results were correlated with increased collagen fibrillogenesis by fibroblasts from healing rPDGF-BB-treated wounds, as assessed by intracellular procollagen type I immunostaining, and by electron microscopy, and were concordant with clinical measurements (eg, area of ulcer opening and ulcer volume) which showed greater healing in rPDGF-BB-treated wounds. These results suggest induction of fibroblast proliferation and differentiation is one mechanism by which rPDGF-BB can accelerate wound healing and that rPDGF-BB can augment healing responses within a majority of, but not all, nonhealing chronic pressure ulcers in man.
Use of Tetracyclines for Bone Metastases (2005)

Tetracyclines are a class of related antibiotic compounds first discovered by retired American botanist Benjamin Duggar (1) in the late 1940s. Duggar extracted a yellowish crystalline compound with unique antibacterial properties, called aureomycin (7-chlortetracycline), from soil found near cemeteries containing Streptomyces aureofaciens, a fungallike bacteria of the Actinomycetales order. The parent compound, tetracycline, was subsequently produced by the removal of the chlorine atom from aureomycin by catalytic hydrogenation (2). Tetracycline and its semisynthetic derivatives are active against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and protozoan parasites. Although tetracyclines have been used commercially only since the 1950s, earlier civilizations might have unknowingly benefited from their antibiotic properties. Bone samples from 1600-yr-old Nubian (northern Sudanese) mummies have shown evidence of intermittent tetracycline incorporation, apparently from Streptomycetes contamination of grains used to make bread and beer (7). More than 50 different antibiotics have been isolated from Streptomycetes species, including streptomycin, neomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines.
Ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector (2003)

We analyze the ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector in order to meet requirements for applications in near-infrared astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy. The detector exploits a combined detection mechanism, in which avalanche quasiparticle multiplication and the supercurrent jointly produce a voltage response to a single absorbed photon via successive formation of a photon-induced and a current-induced normal hotspot in a narrow superconducting strip. The response time of the detector should increase with the photon energy providing energy resolution. Depending on the superconducting material and operation conditions, the cut-off wavelength for the single-photon detection regime varies from infrared waves to visible light. We simulated the performance of the background-limited infrared direct detector and X-ray photon counter utilizing the above mechanism. Low dark count rate and intrinsic low-frequency cut-off allow for realizing a background limited noise equivalent power of 10−20 W Hz−1/2 for a far-infrared direct detector exposed to 4-K background radiation. At low temperatures, the intrinsic response time of the counter is rather determined by diffusion of nonequilibrium electrons than by the rate of energy transfer to phonons. Therefore, thermal fluctuations do not hamper energy resolution of the X-ray photon counter that should be better than 10−3 for 6-keV photons. Comparison of new data obtained with a Nb based detector and previously reported results on NbN quantum detectors support our estimates of ultimate detector performance.
The Impact of Modeling Instruction within the Inverted Curriculum on Student Achievement in Science (2013)

Achievement in science is a national concern, and graduating students who are college and career ready is a national imperative. In this study, we examine student achievement on the ACT science test as a high school transitioned from teaching biology, chemistry and physics with a teacher-centric pedagogy (the traditional instructional context) to the inverted curriculum (teaching physics, chemistry, then biology) to using the modeling instruction pedagogy (student-centric, inquiry-based) within the inverted curriculum. Data for students graduating over an eight-year period under these three instructional contexts were analyzed to determine if there were potential relationships between student achievement and the instructional context. This is an in situ study of the results of making an intentional change in the instructional context used to teach science. On average, ACT science scores and the percentage of students graduating
Characteristic Analysis of Compact Spectrometer Based on Off-Axis Meta-Lens (2018)

Ultra-compact spectrometers with high-resolution and/or broadband features have long been pursued for their wide application prospects. The off-axis meta-lens, a new species of planar optical instruments, provides a unique and feasible way to realize these goals. Here we give a detailed investigation of the influences of structural parameters of meta-lens-based spectrometers on the effective spectral range and the spectral resolution using both wave optics and geometrical optics methods. Aimed for different usages, two types of meta-lens based spectrometers are numerically proposed: one is a wideband spectrometer working at 800–1800 nm wavelengths with the spectral resolution of 2–5 nm and the other is a narrowband one working at the 780–920 nm band but with a much higher spectral resolution of 0.15–0.6 nm. The tolerance for fabrication errors is also discussed in the end. These provides a prominent way to design and integrate planar film-based spectrometers for various instrumental applications.
The functionalization of titanium with EDTA to induce biomimetic mineralization of hydroxyapatite (1999)

A new process is developed to functionalize an inorganic substrate with an organic polycarboxylic chelating agent to obtain a biomimetic template for mimicking biomineralization for the synthesis of films or coatings. A titanium plate is first placed in ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) solution to effect chemisorption and self-assembly of EDTA molecules on the plate. The plate is then aged in supersaturated hydroxyapatite [(Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , HA] solution to mimic biomineralization. The functionalization process is found to be very effective in creating a surface with an organized arrangement of carboxylate ions (–COO – ) with the orientation of lone pairs of electrons on O perpendicular to or radiating from the substrate surface. The coating is formed through the plate-like outgrowth of HA grains along the [001] direction under the mediation of the functionalized surface, giving rise to the coexistence of two kinds of microstructural patterns in coating. One is a parallel arrangement of the plate-like HA grains with (001) planes preferably parallel to the substrate surface, the other is a radial arrangement of the plate-like HA grains with the [001] direction radiating from one surface core and the (111) planes preferably parallel to the surface. The mineralization mechanism is discussed on the basis of the conformation of the self-assembled EDTA molecules and the interfacial molecular recognition, analogous to the biomineralization, including electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, stereochemical arrangement and geometrical correspondence.
CBR/TIC Filter Design and Evaluation (2006)

New World Associates in association with ECBC, Hunter Manufacturing, and Portsmouth Aviation has proved the concept of a layered bed CBR/TIC filter. Filters have been developed that provide toxic industrial chemical protection in addition to the chemical, biological and radiological protection provided by the standard M98 filter set. This concept can be extended to other TICs in addition to the ones selected for this effort. A layered filter can be made with a sorbent selected for the specific TICs of concern for a particular application. It has been shown that it is possible to retrofit these filters into existing collective protective (ColPro) systems with housings designed to hold the M98 filter. With relatively minor modifications to accommodate the increase in pressure drop and a replacement housing cover, these filters can be installed in any land based ColPro system. These filters are complete such that with minor modifications they could be ready for production very quickly if there was a demand for them. The majority of filters passed the particulate and chemical tests and proved they would remove the contaminants as design.
Identificación de materiales por su respuesta espectral (1997)

espanolDescripcion de una practica para alumnos de bachillerato, que usa imagenes de teledeteccion para trabajar sobre: - Radiaciones y sus propiedades. Caracteristicas y comportamiento de radiaciones de diferente longitud de onda. Su aplicacion en Teledeteccion. - Tipos de coberturas terrestres y metodos estadisticos usados para identificarlas. - Graficas de curvas de respuesta espectral. Utilizacion de este tipo de graficas en el reconocimiento de materiales. EnglishDescription of a practice for upper secondary school level, that uses remote sensing images to work about: - Study of: radiation and their characteristic; features and behaviour of diferent wavelenghts’ radiation; their applications in remote sensing. - Type of landcover and stadistical methods used to identify them. - Spectral response curves drawings. Use of this graphics in landcover recognition.
Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Complex Thin Film of Poly(2-oxazoline) and Poly(acrylic acid) (2017)

The hydrogen-bonded polymer complex thin film of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was fabricated with layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. The film shows exponential growth at early stage and transfers to linear growth after 10 assembling cycles, and the stable thickness increment per assembling cycle in the linear region could be higher than 100 nm. The film growth should be related with polymer chain diffusion during LbL assembly. The effects of assembling time, rinsing time, temperature, pH value, concentration and molecular weight on the thin film growth were investigated. Increasing the assembly time, the temperature and the concentration is favorable to produce the thick film. Prolonging rinsing time is good for preparing smooth film. The film can be constructed below pH 4.5 while the prepared film will not completely dissolve until pH value elevates to 7.0. Molecular weight has a subtle effect on the PEOX/PAA film growth. The PEOX-PAA pair that has a big molecular weight contrast shows fast film growth in the linear region.
Chapter 99: Forensic speech science (2018)

As part of the Expert Evidence series this chapter is intended to be accessible to lawyers, judges, police officers, and potential jury members; however, it is hoped that this chapter will also be of interest to forensic scientists, phoneticians / speech scientists, speech-processing engineers, and students of all these disciplines. It introduces forensic speech science in a relatively non-technical way, assuming a reader who has no prior knowledge of the subject. The 2010 edition had a heavy focus on acoustic-phonetic statistical approaches to forensic voice comparison. The 2018 edition has a heavier focus on automatic approaches. The 2018 edition includes examples of forensic voice comparison based on real cases. The 2018 edition also includes expended coverage of other branches of forensic speech science. Topics covered include: The likelihood ratio framework for the evaluation of forensic evidence. Approaches to forensic voice comparison. Assessing the validity and reliability of forensic-comparison systems. Speaker identification by laypeople. Disputed utterance analysis.