gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Proposed Injury Threshold for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2004)

Traumatic brain injuries constitute a significant portion of injury resulting from automotive collisions, motorcycle crashes, and sports collisions. Brain injuries not only represent a serious trauma for those involved but also place an enormous burden on society, often exacting a heavy economical, social, and emotional price. Development of intervention strategies to prevent or minimize these injuries requires a complete understanding of injury mechanisms, response and tolerance level. In this study, an attempt is made to delineate actual injury causation and establish a meaningful injury criterion through the use of the actual field accident data. Twenty-four head-to-head field collisions that occurred in professional football games were duplicated using a validated finite element human head model. The injury predictors and injury levels were analyzed based on resulting brain tissue responses and were correlated with the site and occurrence of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Predictions indicated that the shear stress around the brainstem region could be an injury predictor for concussion. Statistical analyses were performed to establish the new brain injury tolerance level.
Low‐temperature growth of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes by thermal CVD (2011)

Abstract Low‐temperature thermal chemical vapor deposition (thermal CVD) synthesis of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was studied using a large variety of different precursor compounds. Cyclopentene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, and xylene:methanol mixture as oxygen containing heteroatomic precursors, while xylene and acetylene as conventional hydrocarbon feedstocks were applied in the experiments. The catalytic activity of Co, Fe, Ni, and their bi‐ as well as tri‐metallic combinations were tested for the reactions. Low‐temperature CNT growth occurred at 400 °C when using bi‐metallic Co–Fe and tri‐metallic Ni–Co–Fe catalyst (on alumina) and methanol or acetylene as precursors. In the case of monometallic catalyst nanoparticles, only Co (both on alumina and on silica) was found to be active in the low temperature growth (below 500 °C) from oxygenates such as cyclopentene oxide and methanol. The structure and composition of the achieved MWCNTs products were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) as well as by Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The successful MWCNT growth below 500 °C is promising from the point of view of integrating MWCNT materials into existing IC fabrication technologies.
Controllability of Open Workflow Nets. (2005)

Abstract. An open workflow net is basically a workflow net extended with a message passing interface. Open workflow nets are adequate models for services or parts of inter-organizational business processes. We investigate the problem of controllability, a natural counterpart of soundness in classical workflow nets (as studied by van der Aalst). We distinguish centralized, distributed, and local controllability and provide solutions to all problems. 1
Continuous-time integrated FIR filters at microwave frequencies (2004)

We discuss adaptive integrated finite-impulse response (FIR) filters operating in the continuous time domain. These filters become attractive to implement at microwave frequencies. An important topological property of the traveling wave FIR filter is presented, and its advantages when used as an adaptive equalizer are pointed out. Design considerations and modeling aspects of compact on-chip delay lines are given. Simulation results for an adaptive equalizer operating at a data rate of 10 Gb/s are presented.
Design, synthesis, and biological activity of <i>N</i>-alkylated analogue of NCL1, a selective inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (2014)

A hybridization of NCL1 and compound <bold>5</bold> led to the identification of a potent lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitor <bold>5</bold>.
The morphology of fibrillar polyethylene crystals (1968)

Abstract A comparison has been made of the morphology of fibrillar polyethylene crystals prepared by shear-induced crystallization and heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysis under similar solvent and temperature conditions. Both specimens had a shish-kebab superstructure consisting of lamellar overgrowths on a filamentary backbone. For polyethylenes stirrer-crystallized at small supercoolings, the overgrown lamallae were removed by nitric acid oxidation followed by selective dissolution, leaving naked filamentary ribbons. Thermal analysis of these specimens suggested a dual molecular conformation of both folded and extended chains. The fact that these fibrils did not deform easily under uniaxial stress conforms with a core of extended chains. Thermal and oxidative behavior of polyethylenes prepared at lower crystallization temperatures suggested a greater content of chain folds in the central thread as the degree of supercooling increased. The Ziegler-Natta fibrils were degraded into lamellar fragments on oxidation and their thermal behavior suggested a predominantly folded-chain conformation. Uniaxial deformation occurred on stretching the Ziegler-Natta specimens in harmony with a core of folded chains. Molecular models have been proposed to account for the observed phenomena.
Supported SiO<sub>2</sub>‐<sup><i>n</i></sup>BuSnCl<sub>3</sub>/MAO/(<sup><i>n</i></sup>BuCp)<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub> catalyzing MAO cocatalyst‐free ethylene polymerization: Study of hydrogen responsiveness (2007)

Abstract A supported metallocene catalyst was synthesized by sequentially loading methylaluminoxane (MAO) (30 wt % in toluene) and ( n BuCp) 2 ZrCl 2 on partially dehydroxylated silica ES 70 modified by n BuSnCl 3 . Its shock load hydrogen responsiveness was evaluated by polymerizing ethylene for 1 h at 8.5 bar (g) and 75°C without separately feeding the MAO cocatalyst. The shock load hydrogen feeding increased the ethylene consumption (at a fairly constant rate), catalyst productivity, as well as the resin bulk density and average particle size at Δ P (of hydrogen) ≥∼3.0 psi. The bulk density increased from 0.25 to 0.31 g/cm 3 . This shows a procedure for overcoming the inherent drop in catalyst productivity caused by heterogenization of metallocenes (that is a method for catalyst activation) and improving the resulting resin bulk density. The volume‐weighted mean particle diameter of the resulting polyethylenes was found to be 5.80–11.12‐fold that of the catalyst corresponding to Δ P = 0.00–7.11 psi, respectively. The resulting kinetic profiles showed to be fairly stable. However, M w and polydispersity index were not affected. The particle size distribution, average particle size, and the scanning electron microscope photographs of the resulting resin particles confirmed the occurrence of the replication phenomenon . On the basis of the above findings, the mechanism of ethylene polymerization under the present experimental conditions has been revisited. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Numerical and Experimental Study on Dielectrophoretic and Electrohydrodynamic Traps using Micro-Particles on an Interdigitated Electrode Array System (2010)

Article Numerical and Experimental Study on Dielectrophoretic and Electrohydrodynamic Traps using Micro-Particles on an Interdigitated Electrode Array System was published on October 1, 2010 in the journal International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation (volume 11, issue 10).
Allelic expression imbalance of the human CYP3A4 gene and individual phenotypic status (2004)

The human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) plays a dominant role in the metabolism of numerous clinically useful drugs. Alterations in the activity or expression of this enzyme may account for a major part of the variation in drug responsiveness and toxicity. However, it is generally accepted that most of the known single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding and 5'-flanking regions are not the main determinants for the large inter-individual variability of CYP3A4 expression and activity. We show that the allelic variation is critically involved in determining the individual total hepatic CYP3A4 mRNA level and metabolic capability. There exists a definite correlation between the total CYP3A4 mRNA level and allelic expression ratio, the relative transcript level ratio derived from the two alleles. Individuals with a low expression ratio, exhibiting a large difference of transcript level between the two alleles, revealed extremely low levels of total hepatic CYP3A4 mRNA, and thus low metabolic capability as assessed by testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation. These results present a new insight into the individualized CYP3A4-dependent pharmacotherapy and the importance of expression imbalance to human phenotypic diversity.
Dinosaurs and All That Rubbish (2001)

DINOSAURS and All That Rubbish has a strong environmental message throughout. The book also illustrates how literacy skills, geography and citizenship can be taught side by side within the literacy hour.
Iran’s Cognition of the “Belt and Road” Initiative from the Perspective of Cognitive Psychology (2021)

The “Belt and Road” initiative is a foreign cooperation initiative proposed and actively promoted by China in 2013. Its purpose is to promote the formation of a community of responsibilities, interests, and destiny among countries along the route by building mutually trusting economic and trade relations under the background of a new type of globalization. The Middle East is a must-pass and an important region for the “Belt and Road” initiative, and its attitudes and policies are crucial to the smooth progress of the “Belt and Road” initiative. There are many countries in the Middle East, and their national conditions are also different. It is not realistic to study one by one. Therefore, this article attempts to start from the representative and overall significance of regional powers to study their perceptions of the “Belt and Road” initiative. This article takes Iran, a major country in the Middle East, as the main research object to study its perception of the “Belt and Road” initiative. This article applies the theoretical methods of cognitive psychology to Iran for case analysis. First, this article divides the subject of cognition into three levels: political, academic, and non-governmental; Secondly, this article will summarize the main factors that influence Iran’s dual cognition through the interpretation of the three cognitive subjects’ cognition of the “Belt and Road” initiative; Finally, this article focuses on Iran’s cognition of the “Belt and Road” initiative. Propose countermeasures to deepen benign cognition.
Catalytic Dehydrogenation of <i>o</i>‐Alkylated or <i>o</i>‐Alkoxylated Iodoarenes with Concomitant Hydrogenolysis (2008)

Abstract Palladium‐catalyzed dehydrogenation of suitable chains bonded to an ortho position of an iodoarene has been achieved by two methods both involving oxidative addition of the iodoarene to palladium(0) and palladacycle formation under mild conditions.
Direct Determination of the Interleukin-6 Binding Epitope of the Interleukin-6 Receptor by NMR Spectroscopy (2003)

All cytokines belonging to the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-type family of cytokines utilize receptors that have a modular build of several immunoglobulin-like and fibronectin type III-like domains. Characteristic of these receptors is a cytokine receptor homology region consisting of two such fibronectin domains defined by a set of four conserved cysteines and a tryptophan-serine-X-tryptophan-serine sequence motif. On target cells, interleukin-6 first binds to its specific receptor and subsequently to a homodimer of the signal transducer protein gp130. The interleukin-6 receptor consists of three extracellular domains. The N-terminal immunoglobulin-like domain is not involved in ligand binding, whereas the third membrane proximal fibronectin-like domain accounts for more than 90% of the binding energy to IL-6. Here, the key residues of this fibronectin-like domain involved in the interaction with IL-6 are described. Chemical shift mapping data with 15N-labeled IL-6R-D3 and unlabeled IL-6 coupled with recent structural data clearly reveal the epitope within the IL-6R-D3 responsible for mediating the high affinity interaction with its cognate cytokine.
Aplikasi augmented reality metamorfosis (2017)

Dian Puspita Anggraini, A22.2014.02399, Program Study Teknik Informatika D3. Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang, Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Augmented Reality (AR), Pembimbing Akademik : Muslih, M.Kom. Pembimbing Industri :Wiwik Akhirul Aeni.M.Kom Keyword : MPI, Media Pembelajaran, Augmented Reality, Media Pembelajaran Berbasis AR (Augmented Reality) Media Pembelajaran adalah alat bantu proses belajar mengajar. Segala sesuatu yang dapat dipergunakan untuk kemampuan atau ketrampilan pembelajaran sehingga dapat mendorong terjadinya proses belajar. Batasan ini cukup luas dan mendalam mencakup pengertian sumber, lingkungan, manusia dan metode yang dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan pelatihan / pembelajaran. Augmented Reality adalah teknologi yang menggabungkan benda maya dua dimensi dan tiga dimensi kedalam sebuah lingkungannya tiga dimensi lalu memproyeksikan benda-benda maya tersebut dalam waktu nyata. Tidak seperti maya yang sepenuhnya menggantikan kenyataan, namun Augmented Reality hanya menambahkan atau melengkapi kenyataan.
Single-event upset in flash memories (1997)

Single-event upset was investigated in high-density flash memories from two different manufacturers. Many types of functional abnormalities can be introduced in these devices by heavy-ions because of their complex internal architecture. Changes in the stored memory contents sometimes occurred, even when devices were irradiated in a read mode with the internal charge pump inactive. For one device technology, unusually high currents were observed during post-irradiation cycling that were high enough to cause catastrophic failure.
A Comparison of En Face and Tangential Wide-Area Excimer Surface Ablation in the Rabbit (1990)

We used an argon fluoride excimer laser (193 nm) to perform anterior corneal surface ablation in New Zealand white rabbits (25 eyes) using both en face and tangential methods. We followed up the animals for 90 days using slit-lamp photography and pachymetry at predetermined intervals. We also examined selected tissues with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Immediate and subsequent examinations revealed significant differences in clarity between the two groups. When viewed through slit-lamp microscopy, the rabbits undergoing the en face method exhibited hazy corneas and irregular surfaces, whereas the corneas that underwent tangential keratectomy demonstrated less haze and fewer surface irregularities. Through histologic study and electron microscopy, we corroborated this finding. At 30 days, there was a statistically significant difference in clarity between en face--treated corneas and those treated tangentially.
A Review of Communication Failure Impacts on Adaptive Microgrid Protection Schemes and the Use of Energy Storage as a Contingency (2017)

A main challenge in the practical implementation of a microgrid is the design of an adequate protection scheme in both grid-connected and islanded modes of operation. Microgrid protection requires a fast, reliable, and robust communication system to adjust relay settings to the appropriate current level according to the operation mode. Various approaches have been implemented to deal with this problem, yet the most promising ones are the use of adaptive protection techniques abiding by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61850 communication standard. This paper presents a review of the technical challenges for the use of classical protection techniques and the need for an enhanced, adaptive, smart protection system. However, the risk of communication link failures and cyber security threats still remain a challenge in implementing a reliable adaptive protection scheme. A contingency is essential in the event that a communication failure prevents a relay from adjusting between grid-connected and islanded mode. An adaptive protection scheme is proposed, which utilizes energy storage devices to enhance resiliency against communication outages. The proposed solution does not incur additional costs to the network, as the energy storage devices are already utilized for other purposes. A case study experimentally verifies this contingency under a worst-case scenario, where a fault occurs simultaneously with a pulsed load while operating in islanded mode with a communication failure.
VIPspace-a visually programmable shared workspace (2002)

With the wide availability of network supporting hard-and software cooperative computer-based environments became extremely popular. A wide range of CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) tools with video conferencing, electronic mail, shared whiteboards, discussion forums, and shared information systems are already part of daily business. In contrast to the unstructured linear stream of information in electronic mails shared workspaces provide structured administration of electronic information like documents, voice, pictures, and movies. Popular examples of shared workspaces are BSCW (Basic Support for Cooperative Work), Hypernews, Lotus Notes, Alta Vista Forum, Lifelink, Microsoft Exchange and Webshare. Currently, all these systems are not flexible enough to get easily customized to the requirements of the individual application and user only supporting a limited set of predefined different views and functionality. This article introduces VIPspace (Visually Programmable Workspace). VIPspace can be easily customized to the individual needs of an user through VIPrule, a combination of a form- and icon-based visual programming language. VIPrule is based on an easy-to-use drag and drop paradigm. Direct manipulation via drag and drop allows easy access to local file systems as well as manipulation, exchange, and publication of shared multimedia documents. As VIPspace is implemented in Java it nicely integrates with other web-applications and provides a platform independent environment with a uniform graphical user interface.
Production of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Modified Arc Discharge Method (2013)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are synthesized by the arc discharge method in He gas, where three directions of discharge current relative to gravity are selected and their production rates are compared. The soot production rate for the upward discharge current is larger than those for the horizontal and downward discharge currents. Also, the qualities of the produced SWNTs for the three cases are almost the same. The effect of a steady magnetic field (3.0 mT) perpendicular to the discharge current direction (J×B arc discharge) is also examined. This magnetic field increases the soot production rate for all three discharge current directions. The estimated ratio of the number of SWNT bundles to the number of carbon particles is higher for the upward discharge current in the case of B = 0. This ratio increases significantly for the horizontal and downward discharge currents when a magnetic field is applied.
Tubular Expression of KIM-1 Does not Predict Delayed Function After Transplantation (2009)

Injured epithelial cells of the proximal tubule upregulate the glycoprotein kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), suggesting its potential as a biomarker of incipient kidney allograft injury. It is unknown whether KIM-1 expression changes in kidney allografts with delayed graft function (DGF), which often follows ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we prospectively measured KIM-1 RNA and protein expression in preperfusion biopsies of 30 living- and 85 deceased-donor kidneys and correlated the results with histologic and clinical outcomes after transplantation. We detected KIM-1 expression in 62% of deceased-donor kidneys and only 13% of living-donor kidneys (P < 0.0001). The level of KIM-1 expression before reperfusion correlated inversely with renal function at the time of procurement and correlated directly with the degree of interstitial fibrosis. Surprising, however, we did not detect a significant correlation between KIM-1 staining intensity and the occurrence of DGF. Our findings are consistent with a role for KIM-1 as an early indicator of tubular injury but do not support tissue KIM-1 measurement before transplantation to identify kidneys at risk for DGF.
Enhancement of Endogenous Plasminogen Activator-induced Thrombolysis by Argatroban and APC and Its Control by TAFI, Measured in An Arterial Thrombolysis Model In Vivo Using Rat Mesenteric Arterioles (2002)

Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that thrombin inhibits fibrinolysis through thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI, plasma procarboxypeptidase B). We have recently shown that endogenous fibrinolysis in vivo is enhanced by activated protein C (APC) and the selective thrombin inhibitor, argatroban. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of TAFI in these fibrinolytic mechanisms in vivo using purified porcine pancreatic carboxypeptidase B (PPCPB) and a specific TAFIa inhibitor, potato tuber carboxypeptidase B inhibitor (PTCI) in a newly established arterial thrombolysis model. Non-occlusive, mural, platelet-rich thrombi were formed by helium-neon laser irradiation in rat mesenteric arterioles and thrombus size was measured by computerised image analysis. We confirmed that endogenous thrombolysis was enhanced by argatroban (2.0 mg/4 ml/kg/h) or APC (1.62 mg/ 2.31 ml/kg). PTCI (5.0 mg/2 ml/kg) also accelerated endogenous thrombolysis. PPCPB (3.5 mg/2 ml/kg) inhibited thrombolysis in the absence and presence of argatroban or APC. PTCI tended to further promote APC-induced thrombolysis but the differences did not reach statistical significance. The present findings were in keeping with the results of earlier studies and demonstrated that arterial, platelet-rich thrombi in vivo are degraded by naturally generated plasminogen activators. TAFI may play a significant role in the control of these mechanisms.
Core-scale description of porous media dissolution during acid injection - Part I: theoretical development (2004)

Dissolution mechanisms in porous media may lead to unstable dissolution fronts (''wormholing''). It has been shown in the literature that Darcy-scale models may reproduce all the characteristics of such dissolution patterns. This paper considers the core-scale averaged behavior of these Darcy-scale dissolution models. The form of core-scale equations is discussed based on the volume averaging of the Darcy-scale equations. The uncertainty about the choice of the unit cell (and boundary conditions) to solve the closure problems and the impact of the dissolution history on the core-scale properties is emphasized.
Ondansetron plus dexamethasone: an effective combination in high-dose cisplatin therapy. The Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research. (1991)

Ondansetron as a single agent has been shown to be superior to metoclopramide in the control of acute nausea and vomiting induced by high-dose cisplatin, complete or major control (0-2 emetic episodes) being achieved in 65-75% of patients. In an attempt to further improve efficacy in this group of patients, a randomised, double-blind, crossover study was carried out comparing ondansetron with ondansetron plus dexamethasone. Ondansetron was given as three intravenous doses (0.15 mg/kg) 2-hourly and dexamethasone as a single intravenous dose of 20 mg prior to cisplatin (median 70 mg/m2, range 50-120 mg/m2). Complete control of emesis was achieved in 91% of patients receiving the combination of ondansetron plus dexamethasone and in 64% of patients receiving ondansetron alone (P less than 0.001). Nausea was absent in 89% of patients receiving the combination and in 66% of patients receiving ondansetron alone (P less than 0.0025). Both treatments were well tolerated. The addition of a single dose of dexamethasone to ondansetron significantly improves the control of emesis and nausea compared to ondansetron monotherapy in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin.