gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The handling of don't care attributes (1991)

A critical factor that affects the performance of neural network training algorithms and the generalization of trained networks is the training instances. The authors consider the handling of don't care attributes in training instances. Several approaches are discussed and their experimental results are presented. The following approaches are considered: (1) replace don't care attributes with a fixed value; (2) replace don't care attributes with their maximum or minimum encoded values; (3) replace don't care attributes with their maximum and minimum encoded values; and (4) replace don't care attributes with all their possible encoded values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The CCL5/CCR5 axis promotes metastasis in basal breast cancer (2013)

Recently, we have shown that the CCL5/CCR5 axis is active in patients affected by an aggressive basal subtype of breast cancer. Using preclinical models, we have demonstrated that CCR5 promotes breast cancer invasiveness and metastatic potential, while CCR5 inhibition abrogates them. Thus, CCR5 antagonists may constitute an alternative therapeutic approach for patients affected by metastatic basal breast cancer.
Lycopene and Myocardial Infarction Risk in the EURAMIC Study (1997)

A multicenter case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relations between antioxidant status assessed by biomarkers and acute myocardial infarction. Incidence cases and frequency matched controls were recruited from 10 European countries to maximize the variance in exposure within the study. Adipose tissue needle aspiration biopsies were taken shortly after the infarction and analyzed for levels of carotenoids and tocopherols. An examination of colinearity including all covariates and the three carotenoids, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lycopene, showed that the variables were sufficiently independent to model simultaneously. When examined singularly, each of the carotenoids appeared to be protective. Upon simultaneous analyses of the carotenoids, however, using conditional logistic regression models that controlled for age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, smoking, hypertension, and maternal and paternal history of disease, lycopene remained independently protective, with an odds ratio of 0.52 for the contrast of the 10th and 90th percentiles (95% confidence interval 0.33-0.82, p = 0.005). The associations for alpha- and beta-carotene were largely eliminated. We conclude that lycopene, or some substance highly correlated which is in a common food source, may contribute to the protective effect of vegetable consumption on myocardial infarction risk.
A path out of the verification wilderness (2004)

Verification continues to eat up a huge amount of design project time with engineers being forced to re-implement testbenches at each stage. Assertions can help build reusable testbenches and cut down the time it takes to wipe out bugs in a forest of hardware-description code.
A global model for joint lemmatization and part-of-speech prediction (2009)

We present a global joint model for lemmatization and part-of-speech prediction. Using only morphological lexicons and unlabeled data, we learn a partially-supervised part-of-speech tagger and a lemmatizer which are combined using features on a dynamically linked dependency structure of words. We evaluate our model on English, Bulgarian, Czech, and Slovene, and demonstrate substantial improvements over both a direct transduction approach to lemmatization and a pipelined approach, which predicts part-of-speech tags before lemmatization.
Dynamic deformable models for 3D MRI heart segmentation (2002)

Automated or semiautomated segmentation of medical images decreases interstudy variation, observer bias, and postprocessing time as well as providing clincally-relevant quantitative data. In this paper we present a new dynamic deformable modeling approach to 3D segmentation. It utilizes recently developed dynamic remeshing techniques and curvature estimation methods to produce high-quality meshes. The approach has been implemented in an interactive environment that allows a user to specify an initial model and identify key features in the data. These features act as hard constraints that the model must not pass through as it deforms. We have employed the method to perform semi-automatic segmentation of heart structures from cine MRI data.
A novel design of reference signal scheme for LTE (2011)

We present a novel design of the reference signal scheme for LTE. It no longer uses the additional reference signals but part of the systematic information as reference symbols to estimate channel response. For the general reference signal patterns in LTE, the overhead in two-antenna scheme occupies 9.52% of the total radio time-frequency resource and 14.29% in four-antenna scheme. The proposed design can save these costs. In this paper, we simulate the new design of the reference signal scheme based on a simplified LTE baseband down-link. The Simulation results show that when the error probability of block reference signal is less than 0.1, the bit error rate (BER) decline significantly after channel estimation and re-decoding. The simulation shows that when we use block pattern of the reference signal to estimate the channel response once, the signal to noise ratio performance of the new reference signal scheme can improve 0.6dB than that of without channel estimation and re-decoding at BER 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> . It can improve 0.8dB after estimating the channel and turbo decoding twice.
Comparison of gene expression profiles between primary tumor and metastatic lesions in gastric cancer patients using laser microdissection and cDNA microarray (2006)

LMD in combination with cDNA microarray provides a unique support foe the identification of early expression profiles of differential genes and the expression pattern of 3 genes (OPCML, RNASE1 and YES1) associated with the progression of gastric cancer. Further study is needed to reveal the molecular mechanism of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.
Sensitivity of HER-2/neu Antibodies in Archival Tissue Samples of Invasive Breast Carcinomas (2000)

Overexpression and amplification of the HER-2 oncogene in patients with breast cancer has correlated with early onset of metastasis, resistance to hormonal therapy and some forms of chemotherapy, and shortened survival. Therefore, evaluation of this putative prognostic or predictive factor seems critical. Because different antibodies are used for the detection of the 185-kd HER-2 oncoprotein, we studied the sensitivity of 3 frequently used antibodies. Immunohistochemistry results were correlated with gene amplification level as assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Protein overexpression was found in 17.2% and 12.5% of cases using antibodies against the external (TAB250) and internal (CB11) domains of the protein, respectively, and in 38.0% of cases using a rabbit polyclonal antibody. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was successful in all 160 tumors, and amplification was found in 37 tumors (23.1%). The monoclonal antibody TAB250 had the lowest misclassification rate, 9.6% (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 97.5%).
Association between Walking Speed and Age in Healthy, Free-Living Individuals Using Mobile Accelerometry—A Cross-Sectional Study (2011)

This is the first study using accelerometry which shows an association between walking speed and age in free-living, healthy individuals. Absolute values of gait speed are comparable to published normal ranges in clinical settings. This study highlights the potential use of mobile accelerometry to assess gait parameters which may be indicative of future health outcomes in healthy individuals.
Growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in schizophrenic patients (1990)

Ten schizophrenic patients and five normal control subjects were challenged with growth hormone-releasing hormone in a pilot study investigating growth hormone secretion from the pituitary. The results suggest suprapituitary dysfunction in schizophrenia, but replication in a larger study is needed.
Circadian dysregulation in Parkinson's disease (2016)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects over one million individuals in the US alone. PD is characterized by a plethora of motor and non-motor manifestations, resulting from a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and disbalance of several other neurotransmitters. A growing body of evidence points to significant alterations of the circadian system in PD. This is not surprising given the pivotal role that dopamine plays in circadian regulation as well as the role of circadian influences in dopamine metabolism. In this review we present basic and clinical investigations that examined the function of the circadian system in PD.
Effect of Stochastic and Correlated Defaults and Recoveries on CDO Tranche Returns (2005)

This article summarizes an analysis designed to determine the effects of stochastic recovery rates (generated by Monte Carlo simulations) and their negative correlation with defaults on different tranches of a given set of CDOs. Following earlier studies that have revealed a negative correlation between default and recovery rates on corporate bonds, with a resulting negative impact on risk-adjusted return projections, the authors cite more recent studies finding a similar negative relationship between overall levels of defaults and recovery rates for CDOs. In periods of high default rates, recovery values in default tend to be low, whereas recovery rates tend to be high when default rates are low. Such a negative relationship has important implications for asset pricing and valuation of credit portfolios; ignoring it may lead to underestimating losses, volatility in the distribution of those losses, and value at risk (VaR) for different tranches of a CDO— particularly in worst-case default scenarios—with the effect on each tranche dependent on its attachment point and its size in the capital structure.
PAPA - packed arithmetic on a prefix adder for multimedia applications (2003)

This paper introduces PAPA: packed arithmetic on a prefix adder, a new approach to parallel prefix adder design that supports a wide variety of packed arithmetic computations, including packed add and subtract with saturation, packed rounded average, and packed absolute difference. The approach consists of altering the prefix adder cell logic equations to take advantage of a previously unused "don't care" state. The principle of logical effort is employed to assess the delay of the new adder architecture by establishing the extra effort needed to select and drive the appropriate carry signal to the requisite sum sub-word. This adder will find applications in video processors and other multimedia-orientated processor chips that implement packed arithmetic operations.
<title>Advanced infrared optically black baffle materials</title> (1991)

Infrared optically black baffle surfaces are an essential component of many advanced optical systems. All internal surfaces in advanced infrared optical sensors that require stray light management to achieve resolution are of primary concern in baffle design. Current industrial materials need improvements to meet advanced optical sensor systems requirements for optical, survivability, and endurability. Baffles are required to survive and operate in potentially severe environments. Robust diffuse-absorptive black surfaces, which are (1) thermally and mechanically stable to threats of X-ray, launch, and in-flight maneuver conditions, with specific densities to allow an acceptable weight load, (2) handleable during assembly, (3) cleanable, and (4) adaptive to affordable manufacturing, are required as optical baffle materials. An overview of recently developed advanced infrared optical baffle materials, requirements, manufacturing strategies, and the Optics MODIL (Manufacturing Operations Development and Integration Laboratory) Advanced Baffle Program is discussed.
Oleic Acid May Be the Key Contributor in the BAMLET-Induced Erythrocyte Hemolysis and Tumoricidal Action (2013)

A chance discovery of the tumoricidal action of a human milk fraction led to the characterization of the active component as oleic acid complex of the α-lactalbumin, which was given the acronym HAMLET. We report in this study that the oleic acid complex of bovine α-lactalbumin (BAMLET) is hemolytic to human erythrocytes as well as to those derived from some other mammals. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis suggested binding of BAMLET to erythrocytes prior to induction of hemolysis. Free OA was hemolytic albeit at higher concentrations, while sodium oleate caused hemolysis at far lower concentrations. Amiloride and BaCl2 offered protection against BAMLET-induced hemolysis suggesting the involvement of a cation leak channel in the process. BAMLET coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose was not only hemolytic but also tumoricidal to Jurkat and MCF-7 cells in culture. The Sepharose-linked preparation was however not toxic to non-cancerous peritoneal macrophages and primary adipocytes. The tumoricidal action was studied using the MTT-assay while apoptosis induction measured by the annexin V-propidium iodide assay. Repeated incubation of the immobilized BAMLET with erythrocytes depleted oleic acid and decreased the hemolytic activity of the complex. Incubation of MCF-7 and Jurkat cells with OA, soluble or immobilized BAMLET resulted in increase in the uptake of Lyso Tracker Red and Nile red by the cells. The data presented support the contention that oleic acid plays the key role, both in BAMLET-induced hemolysis and tumoricidal action.
A temporal constraint based planning approach for city tour and travel plan generation (2012)

In this paper, we present an AI planning-based city tour and travel application. The system assists the travellers to generate temporally constrained plans and their interactive map-based visualizations. We discuss the requirement of temporal constraints in the domain of city tour and travel application and consequent modelling of such an application as a temporally constrained planning problem. We have proposed schemes for specification and processing of temporal constraints in a Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planner. We have redefined the basic PDDL3.0 temporal operators by imposing interval bounds and defined them as a restricted subset of Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL) family. The planner has been used to devise city tour and travel plans under temporal constraints and the generated plans have been rendered through Google-map based navigation interface.
Hemagglutinin-specific antibody responses in immunoglobulin G, A, and M isotypes as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after primary or secondary infection of humans with influenza A virus (1983)

The isotype-specific antibody responses to purified hemagglutinin of adults undergoing either primary or secondary infection with an influenza A virus were characterized by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Twenty-eight military recruits undergoing primary infection with A/USSR/92/77 (H1N1)-like virus had serum antibody rises in the immunoglobulin M (IgM) (86%), IgG (100%), and IgA (96%) isotypes. In contrast, 19 adult volunteers undergoing secondary infection with A/Peking/2/79 (H3N2) wild-type virus had serum antibody titer rises largely restricted to the IgG (68%) and IgA (74%) classes, with only 1 volunteer having a serum IgM antibody titer rise. Nasal wash hemagglutinin-specific antibody responses in the adults undergoing secondary infection were predominantly in the IgA class (74%). There was a correlation between the presence of and the magnitude of nasal wash and serum hemagglutinin-specific IgA antibody responses in these adults. This suggested that there was a common source for the hemagglutinin-specific local IgA antibody and serum IgA antibody produced after infection. The recruits undergoing primary H1N1 influenza virus infection had H1 hemagglutinin-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody in each of the IgA, IgG, and IgM isotypes in their acute-phase serum. However, no role for this cross-reactive antibody in modifying the severity of illness experienced by the recruits could be demonstrated.
An Active Learning Algorithm Based on Parzen Window Classication (2011)

This paper describes active learning algorithm used in AISTATS 2010 Active Learning Challenge as well as several of its extensions evaluated in the post-competition experiments. The algorithm consists of a pair of Regularized Parzen Window Classiers, one trained on full set of features and another on features ltered using Pearson correlation. Predictions of the two classiers are averaged to obtain the ensemble classier. Parzen Window classier was chosen because is an easy to implement lazy algorithm and has a single parameter, the kernel window size, that is determined by the cross-validation. The labeling schedule started by selecting random 20 examples and then continued by doubling the number of labeled examples in each round of active learning. A combination of random sampling and uncertainty sampling was used for querying. For the random sampling, examples were rst clustered using either all features or the ltered features (whichever resulted in higher cross-validated accuracy) and then the same number of random examples was selected from each cluster. Our algorithm ranked as the 5th overall, and was consistently ranked in the upper half of the competing algorithms. The challenge results show that Parzen Window classiers are less accurate than several competing learning algorithms used in the competition, but also indicate the success of the simple querying strategy that was employed. In the post-competition, we were able to improve the accuracy by using an ensemble of 5 Parzen Window classiers, each trained on features selected by dierent lters. We also explored how more involved querying during the initial stages of active learning and the pre-clustering querying strategy would inuence the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Experimental Approaches Towards Interpreting Dolphin-Stimulated Bioluminescence (1998)

Flow-induced bioluminescence provides a unique opportunity for visualizing the flow field around a swimming dolphin. Unfortunately, previous descriptions of dolphin-stimulated bioluminescence have been largely anecdotal and often conflicting. Most references in the scientific literature report an absence of bioluminescence on the dolphin body, which has been invariably assumed to be indicative of laminar flow. However, hydrodynamicists have yet to find compelling evidence that the flow remains laminar over most of the body. The present study integrates laboratory, computational and field approaches to begin to assess the utility of using bioluminescence as a method for flow visualization by relating fundamental characteristics of the flow to the stimulation of naturally occurring luminescent plankton. Laboratory experiments using fully developed pipe flow revealed that the bioluminescent organisms identified in the field studies can be stimulated in both laminar and turbulent flow when shear stress values exceed approximately 0.1 N m-2. Computational studies of an idealized hydrodynamic representation of a dolphin (modeled as a 6:1 ellipsoid), gliding at a speed of 2 m s-1, predicted suprathreshold surface shear stress values everywhere on the model, regardless of whether the boundary layer flow was laminar or turbulent. Laboratory flow visualization of a sphere demonstrated that the intensity of bioluminescence decreased with increasing flow speed due to the thinning of the boundary layer, while flow separation caused a dramatic increase in intensity due to the significantly greater volume of stimulating flow in the wake. Intensified video recordings of dolphins gliding at speeds of approximately 2 m s-1 confirmed that brilliant displays of bioluminescence occurred on the body of the dolphin. The distribution and intensity of bioluminescence suggest that the flow remained attached over most of the body. A conspicuous lack of bioluminescence was often observed on the dolphin rostrum and melon and on the leading edge of the dorsal and pectoral fins, where the boundary layer is thought to be thinnest. To differentiate between effects related to the thickness of the stimulatory boundary layer and those due to the latency of the bioluminescence response and the upstream depletion of bioluminescence, laboratory and dolphin studies of forced separation and laminar-to-turbulent transition were conducted. The observed pattern of stimulated bioluminescence is consistent with the hypothesis that bioluminescent intensity is directly related to the thickness of the boundary layer.
Expression and function of the complement membrane attack complex inhibitor protectin (CD59) in human prostate cancer (1997)

Protectin (CD59) inhibits homologous complement-mediated cytolysis by preventing formation of the membrane attack complex at the point of insertion and polymerization of C9 into cell membranes. The present study investigated the expression and function of CD59 on human prostatic tumor cells in situ and on 5 human prostate cell lines in vitro originating from either metastatic tumors or benign prostate hypertrophy epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining of prostate carcinoma tissue with monoclonal antibody (MAb) MEM43 revealed weak to moderately strong expression of CD59 by prostate glandular epithelial cells. Flow cytometry with MEM43 demonstrated that the 5 prostate cell lines expressed different relative quantities of CD59. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis revealed uniform membrane staining of DU145 and PC3 cell lines with no membranous granularity in the staining pattern. Western immunoblots with MAb BRIC 229 showed that PC3 and DU145 cells express CD59 with a m.w. of 18-25 kDa. Treatment of DU 145 and PC3 cells with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C caused a significant decrease of CD59 expression indicating that the CD59 expressed by prostate cancer cells is anchored to the cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. PC3 and DU145 cells were completely resistant to human complement-mediated cytolysis but became sensitive to killing in the presence of the CD59-neutralizing MAb YTH53.1. We conclude that malignant and benign human prostate cells express CD59 that is GPI-linked to the cell surface and that CD59 may regulate the immunological response to cancerous prostate cells by protecting the cells from the cytolytic activity of complement.