gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From paragraph to graph: Latent semantic analysis for information visualization (2004)

Most techniques for relating textual information rely on intellectually created links such as author-chosen keywords and titles, authority indexing terms, or bibliographic citations. Similarity of the semantic content of whole documents, rather than just titles, abstracts, or overlap of keywords, offers an attractive alternative. Latent semantic analysis provides an effective dimension reduction method for the purpose that reflects synonymy and the sense of arbitrary word combinations. However, latent semantic analysis correlations with human text-to-text similarity judgments are often empirically highest at approximately 300 dimensions. Thus, two- or three-dimensional visualizations are severely limited in what they can show, and the first and/or second automatically discovered principal component, or any three such for that matter, rarely capture all of the relations that might be of interest. It is our conjecture that linguistic meaning is intrinsically and irreducibly very high dimensional. Thus, some method to explore a high dimensional similarity space is needed. But the 2.7 x 10(7) projections and infinite rotations of, for example, a 300-dimensional pattern are impossible to examine. We suggest, however, that the use of a high dimensional dynamic viewer with an effective projection pursuit routine and user control, coupled with the exquisite abilities of the human visual system to extract information about objects and from moving patterns, can often succeed in discovering multiple revealing views that are missed by current computational algorithms. We show some examples of the use of latent semantic analysis to support such visualizations and offer views on future needs.
Bending Rigidity and Gaussian Bending Stiffness of Single-Layered Graphene (2012)

Bending rigidity and Gaussian bending stiffness are the two key parameters that govern the rippling of suspended graphene-an unavoidable phenomenon of two-dimensional materials when subject to a thermal or mechanical field. A reliable determination about these two parameters is of significance for both the design and the manipulation of graphene morphology for engineering applications. By combining the density functional theory calculations of energies of fullerenes and single wall carbon nanotubes with the configurational energy of membranes determined by Helfrich Hamiltonian, we have designed a theoretical approach to accurately determine the bending rigidity and Gaussian bending stiffness of single-layered graphene. The bending rigidity and Gaussian bending stiffness of single-layered graphene are 1.44 eV (2.31 × 10(-19) N m) and -1.52 eV (2.43 × 10(-19) N m), respectively. The bending rigidity is close to the experimental result. Interestingly, the bending stiffness of graphene is close to that of lipid bilayers of cells about 1-2 eV, which might mechanically justify biological applications of graphene.
In vitro and in vivo killing of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by L-asparaginase. (1989)

L-Asparaginase (ASNase) is a potent antileukemic enzyme routinely used in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As part of investigations of the biological activity of ASNase, we have developed techniques which measure the in vitro and in vivo cell killing ability of ASNase. To study the effect of ASNase on in vitro survival of primary lymphoblasts, bone marrow mononuclear cells obtained from untreated patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were cultured with and without ASNase. After 5 days, viable cells were counted using trypan blue exclusion to calculate total cell kill due to ASNase. Propidium iodide exclusion, leukemia cell surface antigens, and flow cytometry were used to determine leukemia cell kill due to ASNase. Comparison of leukemia cell kill and total cell kill showed a direct linear relationship (n = 24, r = 0.7), preferential killing of leukemia cells by ASNase (slope = 0.66), and that use of leukemia cell surface markers yielded a more accurate measurement of leukemia cell killing. ASNase at concentrations from 0.0001 to 0.1 IU/ml had equal effects on extent of leukemia cell killing (P = 0.3 to 0.7), suggesting the absence of a dose response at the ASNase concentrations tested. As a measure of the in vivo response to ASNase treatment, the number of viable bone marrow leukemia cells in the patient prior to and 5 days after treatment with ASNase was measured as the product of (% of rhodamine 123 fluorescent [viable] cells) x (absolute leukemic infiltrate). The change which occurred in the viable leukemic infiltrate was the same for patients whether they received 25,000 or 2,500 IU/m2 of ASNase as a single drug. There was a linear correlation (n = 8, r = 0.9) between in vivo and in vitro leukemia cell killing by ASNase. Thus, the in vitro assay described here can be used to predict in vivo sensitivity to ASNase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Hand gesture recognition with depth images: A review (2012)

This paper presents a literature review on the use of depth for hand tracking and gesture recognition. The survey examines 37 papers describing depth-based gesture recognition systems in terms of (1) the hand localization and gesture classification methods developed and used, (2) the applications where gesture recognition has been tested, and (3) the effects of the low-cost Kinect and OpenNI software libraries on gesture recognition research. The survey is organized around a novel model of the hand gesture recognition process. In the reviewed literature, 13 methods were found for hand localization and 11 were found for gesture classification. 24 of the papers included real-world applications to test a gesture recognition system, but only 8 application categories were found (and three applications accounted for 18 of the papers). The papers that use the Kinect and the OpenNI libraries for hand tracking tend to focus more on applications than on localization and classification methods, and show that the OpenNI hand tracking method is good enough for the applications tested thus far. However, the limitations of the Kinect and other depth sensors for gesture recognition have yet to be tested in challenging applications and environments.
Analogs of Tetrahydrofolic Acid. XVII.<sup>1,2</sup> On the Mode of Binding of the p-Aminobenzoyl Moiety of N-(2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-6-pyrimidylpropyl)-p-aminobenzoyl- L-glutamic Acid to Dihydrofolic Reductase (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalogs of Tetrahydrofolic Acid. XVII.1,2 On the Mode of Binding of the p-Aminobenzoyl Moiety of N-(2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-6-pyrimidylpropyl)-p-aminobenzoyl- L-glutamic Acid to Dihydrofolic ReductaseB. R. Baker and Johannes H. JordaanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 1, 35–41Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00325a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00325a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Age-related expansion of functionally inefficient cells with markers of natural killer activity in Down's syndrome (1991)

Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of two groups of patients affected by Down's syndrome (DS), ie, 28 children and nine adults of relatively advanced age (greater than 34 years), were investigated and compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls (13 children and 20 adults). Particular attention was devoted to cells with markers of natural killer (NK) activity. Double- and triple-color cytofluorimetric analysis was used to better characterize the phenotypic features of the different subsets. Apart from a reduced number of T lymphocytes (CD3+) in DS children and of B lymphocytes (CD19+) in both DS groups, the major alteration we found was a marked age-related increase of the percentage of cells bearing markers associated with NK activity, such as CD16, CD56, and CD57. These DS cells were apparently severely defective as far as their function was concerned, because NK activity was significantly reduced in comparison with age-matched controls, but still capable of responding to cytokines such as interleukin-2, interferon-beta, and interferon-gamma, and to the modulation of lytic activity exerted by the anti-CD16 monoclonal antibody. On the whole, our data stress the importance of studying DS subjects of different ages to fully appreciate the immunologic derangement characteristic of this syndrome.
Rapamycin and Alzheimer’s disease: Time for a clinical trial? (2019)

The drug rapamycin has beneficial effects in a number of animal models of neurodegeneration and aging including mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Despite its compelling preclinical record, no clinical trials have tested rapamycin or other mTOR inhibitors in patients with Alzheimer's disease. We argue that such clinical trials should be undertaken.
Predictive Analysis of Hospital HIS System Usage Satisfaction Based on Machine Learning (2022)

Hospital information system (HIS) can provide a full range of information support for various hospital business activities and information collection, processing, and transmission, helping medical service providers. And HIS can reduce medical service costs and improve work efficiency, greatly reducing errors in diagnosis and treatment. Although the advantages of using the HIS are obvious, there are still some challenges in its use, the most prominent being how to make the medical staff use HIS effectively. Based on this background, this paper uses machine learning (ML) technology to predict and analyze the satisfaction of HIS use in hospitals and completes the following work: firstly, introduce the situation and development trend of HIS construction at home and abroad and provide theoretical basis for model design. The related development technologies are discussed and studied in detail. Second, the ML algorithm is used to provide a prediction strategy. The support vector machine (SVM) can handle small data sets well, and this study applies the AdaBoost technique to improve the model's generalization ability and accuracy. Lastly, a diversity metric is included to guarantee that the basic learner has good variety in order to increase the algorithm's performance. Accuracy rates may reach more than 95% in the case of tiny data sets, according to the self-built data set used for testing. This proves the superiority of the model proposed in this paper.
Ribosomal Pausing and Scanning Arrest as Mechanisms of Translational Regulation from Cap-Distal Iron-Responsive Elements (1999)

Iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP-1) binding to an iron-responsive element (IRE) located close to the cap structure of mRNAs represses translation by precluding the recruitment of the small ribosomal subunit to these mRNAs. This mechanism is position dependent; reporter mRNAs bearing IREs located further downstream exhibit diminished translational control in transfected mammalian cells. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we have recapitulated this position effect in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free translation system. We show that the recruitment of the 43S preinitiation complex to the mRNA is unaffected when IRP-1 is bound to a cap-distal IRE. Following 43S complex recruitment, the translation initiation apparatus appears to stall, before linearly progressing to the initiation codon. The slow passive dissociation rate of IRP-1 from the cap-distal IRE suggests that the mammalian translation apparatus plays an active role in overcoming the cap-distal IRE-IRP-1 complex. In contrast, cap-distal IRE-IRP-1 complexes efficiently repress translation in wheat germ and yeast translation extracts. Since inhibition occurs subsequent to 43S complex recruitment, an efficient arrest of productive scanning may represent a second mechanism by which RNA-protein interactions within the 5' untranslated region of an mRNA can regulate translation. In contrast to initiating ribosomes, elongating ribosomes from mammal, plant, and yeast cells are unaffected by IRE-IRP-1 complexes positioned within the open reading frame. These data shed light on a characteristic aspect of the IRE-IRP regulatory system and uncover properties of the initiation and elongation translation apparatus of eukaryotic cells.
Improved techniques for probabilistic simulation including signal correlation effects (1993)

Probabilistic simulation has been shown to be a very cost-effective approach to the computation of voltage and current waveform statistics in CMOS digital circuits, compared to exhaustive simulation. Thk approach is particularly attractive when long-term reliability issues such as electromigration, hot-carrier effects, and average power, are to be estimated over all possible input signals. In this paper we present new algorithms for performing probabilistic simulation that provide significant improvements over existing ones, both in accuracy and speed. The improvements are carried out at the subcircuit level,
Notes - The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrum of Feist's Acid. (1956)

Feist’s acid is generally accepted to be either I or II. Cogent evidence in favor of I has been obtained by Ettlinger and his structural assignment has been confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis. Unequivocal evidence that Feist’s acid is I and not II has now been obtained from its nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum (Fig. 1) in a solution of excess sodium deuteroxide in heavy water.
Aid, investment and growth : what prospects in the 1990s? (1992)

developing countrie, development aid, economic growth, effectiveness, investment
Recent progress in SiC power device developments and application studies (2004)

Recent progress in SiC device developments is comprehensively surveyed and state of the art SiC power devices including diodes and switching devices are reported. The highest BVs of 19.5kV and 12.5kV are achieved for SiC pn diodes and SiC switching devices respectively. The smallest RonS of 1/420 and 1/230 for Si theoretical limits are achieved by SiCSBD and SiC FET respectively. New SiC bipolar devices sich as the SIJFET and the SICGT have been introduced to increase the current capability under the restriction in chip size, which is due to the presence of several crystal defects. Their modules are also demonstrated. Furthermore, application studies focused on the electric power supply field such as BTB, SVG and a load leveling system are also introduced.
Inhibition of clathrin-coated pit assembly by an Eps15 mutant (1999)

Recent data have shown that Eps15, a newly identified component of clathrin-coated pits constitutively associated with the AP-2 complex, is required for receptor-mediated endocytosis. However, its precise function remains unknown. Interestingly, Eps15 contains three EH (Eps15-Homology) domains also found in proteins required for the internalization step of endocytosis in yeast. Results presented here show that EH domains are required for correct coated pit targeting of Eps15. Furthermore, when cells expressed an Eps15 mutant lacking EH domains, the plasma membrane punctate distribution of both AP-2 and clathrin was lost, implying the absence of coated pits. This was further confirmed by the fact that dynamin, a GTPase found in coated pits, was homogeneously redistributed on the plasma membrane and that endocytosis of transferrin, a specific marker of clathrin-dependent endocytosis, was strongly inhibited. Altogether, these results strongly suggest a role for Eps15 in coated pit assembly and more precisely a role for Eps15 in the docking of AP-2 onto the plasma membrane. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that a GFP fusion protein encoding the ear domain of (alpha)-adaptin, the AP-2 binding site for Eps15, was efficiently targeted to plasma membrane coated pits.
A study on the manipulation of 2D objects in a projector/camera-based augmented reality environment (2005)

Are the object manipulation techniques traditionally used in head-mounted displays (HMDs) applicable to augmented reality based projection systems? This paper examines the differences between HMD- and projector/camera-based AR interfaces in the light of a manipulation task involving documents and applications projected on common office surfaces such as tables, walls, cabinets, and floor. We report a Wizard of Oz study where subjects were first asked to create gesture/voice commands to move 2D objects on those surfaces and then exposed to gestures created by the authors. Among the options, subjects could select the object to be manipulated using voice command; touching, pointing, and grabbing gesture; or a virtual mouse. The results show a strong preference for a manipulation interface based on pointing gestures using small hand movements and involving minimal body movement. Direct touching of the object was also common when the object being manipulated was within the subjects' arm reach. Based on these results, we expect that the preferred interface resembles, in many ways, the egocentric model traditionally used in AR.
Supply Response and the Theory of Production and Profit Functions (1988)

Demand and Price Analysis
Image Analysis of Defocused Single-Molecule Images for Three-Dimensional Molecule Orientation Studies (2004)

An efficient algorithm for pattern matching has been developed based on least-squares analysis of fitting a discrete set of master patterns against measured images. This algorithm has been applied to determine three-dimensional molecule orientations in defocused single-molecule images. The developed algorithm exploits the excellent agreement between electrodynamic calculations of single-molecule emission and experimentally measured images. The procedure is found to be reliable and simple and can be applied to any kind of pattern recognition where the patterns to be recognized are precisely known a priori. The procedure works well even for noisy and low-intensity signals as usually encountered in single-molecule experiments.
Induction of abortive and productive proliferation in resting human T lymphocytes via CD3 and CD28 (1999)

How the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex mediates positive as well as negative signals for T-cell regulation is not fully understood. We have previously described the induction of anergy in resting human T lymphocytes after mitogenic, high-dose CD3 triggering with monoclonal antibodies. Here we report the concomitantly occurring cell death to be largely caused by apoptosis, which mainly affects the CD4+ T-helper population. Because cell death becomes detectable after initial cell proliferation, it appears that a high-dose CD3 stimulus constitutes a negative signal for resting T cells leading to an 'abortive proliferation' that is followed by anergy and/or apoptosis of the cells. In contrast, if initial proliferation is induced by a low dose of anti-CD3 in the presence of an accessory signal via the CD28 receptor, anergy and cell death are markedly reduced and 'productive proliferation' may occur. Productive proliferation is characterized by an increased secretion of various cytokines measured (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)). A low-dose submitogenic CD3 stimulus induced neither anergy nor cell death, supporting the view that negative CD3 signalling requires proliferation of resting cells.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBOLINE 3. MITT. 1‐METHYL‐4‐TERT.‐BUTYL‐BETA‐CARBOLIN (1971)

Abstract Tert,Butyl‐(indo1yl‐(3))‐methanol (I) wird in Toluol mit dem Benzylester der Acetessigsäure (II) zu (III) umgesetzt.
Optical and pharmacological strategies of myopia control (2018)

Recent increases in global myopia prevalence rates have raised significant concerns as myopia increases the lifelong risk of various sight-threatening ocular conditions. This growing public health burden has generated significant research interests into understanding both its aetiology and developing effective methods to slow down or stop its development, methods collectively termed 'myopia control'. The growing body of research has demonstrated benefits of various optical and pharmacological treatments resulting in myopia control management increasingly becoming a part of main stream clinical practice. This review will discuss the peer-reviewed literature on the efficacy of various myopia control interventions including multifocal spectacles and contact lenses, orthokeratology and pharmaceutical eye drops, as well as potential future research directions.
Simultaneous flow cytometric detection of basophil activation marker CD63 and intracellular phosphorylated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in birch pollen allergy (2008)

Abstract Background: Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK is a crucial step in IgE‐receptor signaling in basophils. The relation of p38 MAPK to the well‐validated diagnostic cell surface marker CD63 has not been evaluated in a clinical allergy model. Methods: Expression of CD63 and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK were analyzed flow cytometrically in anti‐IgE‐gated basophils from 18 birch pollen allergic patients, five grass pollen allergic patients, and five healthy individuals, after 3 and 20 min of stimulation with recombinant major birch pollen allergen (rBet v 1). Additional time points and the influence of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 were studied in birch pollen allergic patients. Results: Phospho‐p38 MAPK and CD63 were expressed dose‐dependently in birch pollen allergic patient basophils within 1 minute of rBet v 1 stimulation. P38 MAPK phosphorylation was fastest and subsided gradually while CD63 expression remained elevated for at least 20 min. Inhibition of p38 MAPK significantly inhibited CD63 upregulation. With optimal stimulation of the cells (1 μg/mL), sensitivity and specificity for the discrimination between patients and a group of control individuals (grass pollen allergic patients and healthy controls) were 94% and 100% for CD63 at 3 and 20 min and for phospho‐p38 MAPK at 3 min. Conclusion: Antigen‐induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation in human basophils essentially contributes to CD63 upregulation. It is a sensitive and specific intracellular marker for allergy diagnosis and offers new insight into the mechanisms of basophil activation. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
Soluble polymers as hemoglobin carriers in blood substitutes (1985)

Hemoglobin (Hb) in solution is capable of transporting oxygen and could thus be considered as an ideal red cell substitute. However, it presents two important drawbacks : a short vascular retention time and a high oxygen affinity. Chemical modifications of Hb by polymeric reagents could overcome these limitations, but generally, polymer-linked Hb exhibits too high an oxygen affinity. Covalent coupling of monomethoxypolyoxyethylene with Hb in conditions where the amines, essential for oxygen transport, are protected, gives rise to conjugates with good oxygen-binding properties.