gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
State-of-the-art Chinese Word Segmentation with Bi-LSTMs (2018)

A wide variety of neural-network architectures have been proposed for the task of Chinese word segmentation. Surprisingly, we find that a bidirectional LSTM model, when combined with standard deep learning techniques and best practices, can achieve better accuracy on many of the popular datasets as compared to models based on more complex neural-network architectures. Furthermore, our error analysis shows that out-of-vocabulary words remain challenging for neural-network models, and many of the remaining errors are unlikely to be fixed through architecture changes. Instead, more effort should be made on exploring resources for further improvement.
The Synthesis and Characterization of a Pyridine-Linked Cyclodextrin Dimer (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Characterization of a Pyridine-Linked Cyclodextrin DimerTao Jiang, Dinesh K. Sukumaran, Sunil-Datta Soni, and David S. LawrenceCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 18, 5149–5155Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00097a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00097a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views598Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A content addressable memory using Josephson junctions (1991)

A content-addressable memory circuit using Josephson nondestructive readout (NDRO) memory cells is described. The memory circuit proposed performs searching functions, such as coincidence, incoincidence, and don't-care functions, in addition to the conventional memory function of writing and reading. This memory circuit is able to achieve the 'less than' function in addition to the three functions listed above. Computer simulation of a 3-word by 3-b memory was used to investigate how high-performance operation can be achieved. The simulation results show that the four operations for all combinations of binary inputs have been achieved with a cycle time of less than 80 ps and a 0.28- mu W/cell dissipation. The simulation results also show the design tolerances of the gate currents of four superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) gates used in the memory circuit to range from 25% to 17%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Safety and Immunogenicity Study of NY-ESO-1b Peptide and Montanide ISA-51 Vaccination of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in High-Risk First Remission (2008)

Vaccination of high-risk HLA-A*0201-positive epithelial ovarian cancer patients with NY-ESO-1b and Montanide has minimal toxicity and induces specific T-cell immunity in patients with both NY-ESO-1-positive and NY-ESO-1-negative tumors. Additional study is warranted.
An Algorithm for Predicting the Intelligibility of Speech Masked by Modulated Noise Maskers (2016)

Intelligibility listening tests are necessary during development and evaluation of speech processing algorithms, despite the fact that they are expensive and time consuming. In this paper, we propose a monaural intelligibility prediction algorithm, which has the potential of replacing some of these listening tests. The proposed algorithm shows similarities to the short-time objective intelligibility (STOI) algorithm, but works for a larger range of input signals. In contrast to STOI, extended STOI (ESTOI) does not assume mutual independence between frequency bands. ESTOI also incorporates spectral correlation by comparing complete 400ms length spectrograms of the noisy/processed speech and the clean speech signals. As a consequence, ESTOI is also able to accurately predict the intelligibility of speech contaminated by temporally highly modulated noise sources in addition to noisy signals processed with time-frequency weighting. We show that ESTOI can be interpreted in terms of an orthogonal decomposition of short-time spectrograms into intelligibility subspaces, i.e., a ranking of spectrogram features according to their importance to intelligibility. A free MATLAB implementation of the algorithm is available for noncommercial use at http://kom.aau.dk/~jje/.
Defect measurements in digital optical disks (1981)

A method of characterizing defects on an unrecorded optical disk is described. Information on the density of defects is obtained by analyzing the statistical distribution of the widths of the pulses obtained when playing back an unrecorded disk. It was shown that disk quality, as measured by bit error rates on actual recording, can be correlated with defect densities measured in this manner. The same method can also be used to characterize defects on uncoated substrates. It was demonstrated that defects on tellurium coated disks are largely the result of defects on the uncoated substrates.
Keeping Our Cool: In Defense of Air Conditioning (2011)

In the last 20 years three books have been published that are critical of air conditioning (Cooper 1998; Ackermann 2002; Cox 2010). No books (or even articles) in those years have been primarily devoted to a general defense. Such a defense should make the following points. Air conditioners reduce disease and mortality, especially among the ill and aged. They reduce aggressive behavior, including road rage, assaults, and murders. They increase the quality and quantity of nighttime sleep. They improve student and worker productivity by reducing noise and increasing the ability to concentrate. They increase comfort and free choice. JEL Codes: I18 (Health: Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health), O33 (Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes), J24 (Labor Productivity)
Postpartum Confusion: Heart Failure or Amniotic Fluid Embolism? (1966)

Amniotic fluid embolism is a syndrome deserving wider recognition as an emergency which may suddenly confront the internist who is hastily summoned to the obstetrical department to see a patient with shock or dyspnea. This condition is being increasingly recognized by obstetricians as perhaps the most common cause of unexplained shock occurring on the delivery table. It is probably much more frequent than the number of previous reports would indicate, and cases previously called "obstetrical shock" and "pitressin shock" may have been cases of amniotic fluid embolism. Diagnosis is important because of a new method of treatment which may be lifesaving and should be tried. The problem is in knowing that such a syndrome actually exists. It is our purpose to review what is presently known of this condition, to encourage the internist to become familiar with this entity, and to recommend a new type of therapy. <h3>Review</h3> Experimentally, the
Reactive oxygen species generation by human spermatozoa is induced by exogenous NADPH and inhibited by the flavoprotein inhibitors diphenylene iodonium and quinacrine (1997)

Human spermatozoa possess a specialized capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is thought to be of significance in the redox regulation of sperm capacitation (De Lamirande and Gagnon, 1993; Aitken et al., 1995). However, the mechanisms by which ROS are generated by these cells are not understood. In this study we have examined the possible significance of NADPH as a substrate for ROS production by human spermatozoa. Addition of NADPH to viable populations of motile spermatozoa induced a sudden dose-dependent increase in the rate of superoxide generation via mechanisms that could not be disrupted by inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (antimycin A, rotenone, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone [CCCP], and sodium azide), diaphorase (dicoumarol) xanthine oxidase (allopurinol), or lactic acid dehydrogenase (sodium oxamate). However, NADPH-induced ROS generation could be stimulated by permeabilization and was negatively correlated with sperm function. Both NADH and NADPH were active electron donors in this system, while NAD+ and NADP+ exhibited little activity. Stereo-specificity was evident in the response in that only the beta-isomer of NADPH supported superoxide production. The involvement of a flavoprotein in the electron transfer process was indicated by the high sensitivity of the oxidase to inhibition by diphenylene iodonium and quinacrine. These results indicate that NAD(P)H can serve as an electron donor for superoxide generation by human spermatozoa and present a simple strategy for the production of motile populations of free radical generating cells with which to study the significance of these molecules in the control of normal and pathological sperm function.
Generation of 38-fs pulses from adaptive compression of a cascaded hollow fiber supercontinuum (2003)

We demonstrate generation of 3.8-fs pulses with energies of up to 15 microJ from a supercontinuum produced in two cascaded hollow fibers. Ultrabroadband dispersion compensation was achieved through a closed-loop combination of a spatial light modulator for adaptive pulse compression and spectral-phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER) measurements as feedback signal.
Hot-spot traffic relief in cellular systems (1993)

By analyzing mathematical models, it is shown that combining channel borrowing with a coordinated sectoring or overlying scheme provides effective ways to handle hot-spots in the system. Blocking probabilities with these arrangements are derived, and the dynamic sharing with bias (DSB) rule is suggested for increasing the trunking efficiency. A simple handoff model is formulated and analyzed for comparing the probabilities of additional handoffs due to sectoring and overlaying of cells. With the nominal allocation of 60 channels per cell and a donor cell having a load of 30 Erlangs, numerical results show that at a blocking requirement of 1%, the traffic load in the hot-spot cell can be increased from 47 to 63 Erlangs with the use of the channel borrowing with the cell sectoring scheme: while with the use of the DSB rule, the load can be increased further to 71 Erlangs. A slightly higher load can be carried in the hot-spot cell with the use of cell overlaying arrangement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Size-Controllable Enhanced Energy Transfer from an Amphiphilic Conjugated−Ionic Triblock Copolymer to CdTe Quantum Dots in Aqueous Medium (2008)

In this work, we have studied the interaction in aqueous solution between a polyfluorene-containing amphiphilic conjugated−ionic triblock copolymer poly(2-(trimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)−polyfluorene−poly(2-(trimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PTMAEMA−PF−PTMAEMA) and CdTe quantum dots with emission maxima at 550, 580, and 610 nm. We demonstrate by steady-state photoluminescence spectra, photoluminescence excitation spectra, and time-resolved fluorescence spectra that efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer has occurred from the polymer as the energy donor to CdTe quantum dots that served as acceptors. The Förster radius and average donor−acceptor distances are estimated from experimentally measured energy transfer efficiency. We have observed that a more effective FRET process occurred in the larger-sized QDs and polymer blended systems both from steady-state fluorescence spectra and time-resolved fluorescence spectra.
Growth Hormone Treatment in Down's Syndrome (1993)

Genetics, Growth Retardation, Microcephaly, Brain Growth and Neuroendocrine Dysfunction of GH and TSH Animal Models of Down's Syndrome Growth Hormone and Other Treatments in Down's Syndrome Ethical, Nursing and Family Issues.
Cystic fibrosis, basic and clinical research : proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the European Working Group for Cystic Fibrosis, Copenhagen, 17-21 June 1991 (1992)

Screening and prenatal diagnosis Screening and prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (J.E. Dankert-Roelse). CF cell cultures Role of CFTR in salivary secretion (M.A. McPherson, et al.). The culture of human epithelial cell lines for the study of cystic fibrosis (C.M. Lee). Model systems-sweat glands (P.S. Pedersen). Regulation of the chloride conductance of colonic carcinoma cells (K. Kunzelman, et al.). Metabolism and hyperalimentation Metabolism and hyperalimentation in cystic fibrosis: An overview (J.A. Dodge, A. O'Rawe). Can we improve airway clearance? Can we improve airway clearance? (M.S. Zach). Virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa The regulation of alginate biosynthesis by mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa (N.J. Russell, P.J. Tatnell, P. Gacesa). The multifactorial virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G. Doring). Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor in cystic fibrosis (A. Fomsgaard, N. Hoiby). Extracellular lipase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Biochemistry and potential role as a virulence factor (K.-E. Jaeger, D.A. Kinscher, B. Konig, W. Konig). Pore-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin as a pathogenic factor (F. Lutz, et al.). Prevention and early treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection Prevention and early treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection (S.S. Pedersen, C. Koch, N. Hoiby). Treatment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: Effect and side-effects of antibiotics Treatment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis: Effects and side-effects of antibiotics (C. Koch, S.S. Pedersen, N. Hoiby). Immunology and vaccines Phase I clinical evaluation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate-toxin A conjugate vaccine (S.J. Cryz Jr, B. Althaus, J.U. Que). Safety and immunogenicity of an octavalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa O-polysaccharide-toxin A conjugate vaccine in cystic fibrosis patients (U.B. Schaad, et al.). Lung inflammation and anti-inflammatory treatment Lung inflammation and anti-inflammatory treatment (S. Suter). Organ transplantation for CF patients Lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis (M.E. Hodson). Psychosocial aspects The psychosocial situation of independently living CF adults (S. Perobelli). Quality of life after heart-lung transplantation (HLT) (F. Duncan- Skingle). Index of authors.
Gas and Vapor Permeation through Liquid Membrane Using Ionic Liquid (2004)

Ionic liquids are salts in liquid state at room temperature. This new material is expected to be applied to separation processes. Ionic liquids are particularly promising material for supported liquid membrane process, because they are non-volatile and can solve other salts as separation agents. In this study, A liquid membrane using an ionic liquid, 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, was applied to gas and vapor separation of CO2, water vapor from air and aromatic hydrocarbon vapors. A supported liquid membrane of the ionic liquid was placed on a hydrophobic microporous membrane. The thickness of the liquid membrane was 35-55 µm. Since the ionic liquid is non-volatile, hydrophilic and high surface tension, the liquid membrane could be applied to gas and vapor permeation with vacuum at permeate side. Overall permeation property, permeabilities, was similar to that of a triethylene glycol liquid membrane. The membrane of the ionic liquid showed selectivity of 20 for CO2 over CH4, 1000 for water vapor over air and 20 for benzene vapor over cyclohexane vapor. The membrane of the ionic liquid is promising for dehumidification and the separation of CO2, VOC and aromatic hydrocarbons. The high selectivity for water vapor may be caused by the hydrophilic property of the ionic liquid. By adding alkaline salt to the liquid membrane, the selectivity for CO2 was enhanced.
Three lateral osteotomy designs for bilateral sagittal split osteotomy: biomechanical evaluation with three-dimensional finite element analysis (2010)

The OD method allows greater mechanical stability of the mandible than the other two techniques. Further, miniplates placed along Champy's lines provide greater mechanical advantage than those placed at other locations.
A Comparison of the Behavior of Japanese and U.S. Inventories (1991)

This paper compares the cyclical and secular behavior of Japanese and U.S. inventories at the aggregate and sectoral level, 1967-1987. While, as is well known, U.S. inventories are sharply procyclical, Japanese inventories are only mildly procyclical. In neither country do inventory and sales move together in the long run, in the sense that the two series do not seem to be cointegrated. In Japan, but not in the U.S., there is a secular decline in the inventory-sales ratio.
STUDENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS APPROACHES TO LEARNING AND ASSESSMENT (1992)

ABSTRACT A sample or 99 first year undergraduates, comprising 63 males and 36 females, undertook a self and peer assessment. Student responses were recorded and analysed as like and dislike statements. Additionally, student responses to preferred teaching/learning approaches in general were recorded. Analysis reveals that preferences for student centred learning, characterised by a shift from lecturers as expert sources of knowledge to a facilitative role, exist In 72% of the sample. A majority would prefer to negotiate their own course work assignments (64%) with only a minority preferring to follow set assignments (28%) and a minority disliking choice in assignments (12%). Further results indicate that most students enjoy and see benefits in self and peer assessment (90%). Analysis reveals that benefits are seen in three main categories. These are (a) comparison of approaches, (b) comparison of standards, and (c) exchange of Information. Dislike responses fall into two categories and these are (a) criticism of friends, and (b) arbitrariness of marks. Only 2 students gave responses indicating that they neither liked nor saw benefits in self and peer assessment. These are (a) boring, and (b) difficult Overall, it is concluded that whereas peers tend to inflate friends' marks, authors are realistic about the standard of their own work and mark appropriately when compared against a referee's (lecturer) judgement. Comments written on scripts about own performance tend to be insightful and constructively critical. A finding of the research is that when students are allowed the opportunity to negotiate how they learn and are assessed that opportunity Is readily taken up but an important constraint demanded by students is that guidelines are established first Only then are students supportive of self and peer assessment being extended into the curriculum.
Differential Effects of Camptothecin Derivatives on Topoisomerase I-Mediated DNA Structure Modification (1998)

The effects of eleven camptothecin derivatives on calf thymus topoisomerase I-mediated cleavage of synthetic DNA duplex have revealed that the A ring of camptothecin is very important for its biochemical activity. Depending on the type, number, and location of substituents, highly active or inactive analogues were obtained. The persistence of CPT-induced topoisomerase I-DNA covalent binary complexes was investigated by using as substrates DNA containing several good topoisomerase I cleavage sites, or else a synthetic DNA duplex of defined structure with a single high-efficiency cleavage site. The ligation kinetics at a given topoisomerase I cleavage site were sometimes quite different in the presence of CPT derivatives whose structures were closely related. Even in the presence of a single CPT analogue, topoisomerase I-DNA covalent binary complexes underwent ligation with different kinetics, presumably reflecting a dependence on DNA sequences flanking the individual topoisomerase I cleavage sites. Individual camptothecin derivatives also exhibited a spectrum of inhibitory potentials in blocking the topoisomerase I-mediated rearrangement of branched, nicked, and gapped DNA duplex substrates; in some cases the potencies of inhibition observed in these assays for individual camptothecin analogues were quite different than those determined for stabilization of the unmodified DNA-topoisomerase I binary complex.
Noncoherent Communication in Multiple-Antenna Systems: Receiver Design and Codebook Construction (2007)

In this paper, we address the problem of space-time codebook design for noncoherent communications in multiple-antenna wireless systems. In contrast with other approaches, the channel matrix is modeled as an unknown deterministic parameter at both the receiver and the transmitter, and the Gaussian observation noise is allowed to have an arbitrary correlation structure, known by the transmitter and the receiver. In order to handle the unknown deterministic space-time channel, a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) receiver is considered. A new methodology for space-time codebook design under this noncoherent setup is proposed. It optimizes the probability of error of the GLRT receiver's detector in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime by solving a high-dimensional nonlinear nonsmooth optimization problem in a two-step approach. First, a convex semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation of the codebook design problem yields a rough estimate of the optimal codebook. This is then refined through a geodesic descent optimization algorithm that exploits the Riemannian geometry imposed by the power constraints on the space-time codewords. The results obtained through computer simulations illustrate the advantages of our method. For the specific case of spatio-temporal white observation noise, our codebook constructions replicate the performance of state-of-the-art known solutions. The main point here is that our methodology permits extending the codebook construction to any given correlated noise environment. The simulation results show good performance of these new designed codes in colored noise setups.
Carcinogenic nitrogen compounds. Part LXXII. The Möhlau–Bischler reaction as a preparative route to 2-arylindoles (1971)

The Mohlau–Bischler cyclisation of ω-arylamino-ketones in the presence of arylamine hydrochlorides proved a convenient method for the preparation of diversely substituted 2-arylindoles, including polycyclic indoles; several are inducers of zoxazolamine hydroxylase.
Electrical injection to contactless near-surface InGaN quantum well (2015)

Charge injection to the prevailing and emerging light-emitting devices is almost exclusively based on the double heterojunction (DHJ) structures that have remained essentially unchanged for decades. In this letter, we report the excitation of a near surface indium gallium nitride (InGaN) quantum well (QW) by bipolar carrier diffusion from a nearby electrically excited pn-homojunction. The demonstrated near surface QW emitter is covered only by a 10 nm GaN capping leaving the light-emitting mesa perfectly free of metals, other contact, or current spreading structures. The presented proof-of-principle structure, operating approximately with a quantum efficiency of one fifth of a conventional single QW reference structure, provides conclusive evidence of the feasibility of using diffusion injection to excite near surface light-emitting structures needed, e.g., for developing light emitters or photo-voltaic devices based on nanoplasmonics or free-standing nanowires. In contrast to the existing DHJ solutions or optical pumping, our approach allows exciting nanostructures without the need of forming a DHJ, absorbing layers or even electrical contacts on the device surface.