gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Synthesis of Multilayered Nanostructured Perovskite Thin Films with Dielectric Features for Electric Capacitors (2018)

We report a simple sol–gel method for the preparation of multilayered hybrid thin films composed of nanostructured SrTiO3 (STO) and BaTiO3 (BTO) layers. A nanoporous thin film of STO is prepared by the spin-coating method on Si/SiO2/Ti/Pt substrate. When the BTO is processed, the BTO is crystallized between STO crystal pores. A significant strain field is induced on the interface between the STO and BTO surfaces. The concave shape of the nanopores could enable the realization of a highly strained interfacial heterostructure composed of STO/BTO. Compared to nanostructured STO, BTO, and bilayer STO/BTO films, multilayered STO/BTO films show the highest dielectric constant and a high Curie temperature (Tc) at around 280 °C, which is suitable for electric capacitor applications.
Fiber Optics VI Image Quality and Optical Insulation*† (1959)

The image quality of an uncoated fiber bundle is influenced by light leakage between neighboring fibers. The point-spread function due to light leakage between neighboring fibers is used to calculate the static and dynamic frequency response of an uninsulated fiber bundle. The static and dynamic frequency response is also measured for a bundle of uncoated fibers. The possibility of optically insulating smaller diameter fibers by depositing a thin coating of low refractive-index plastic material is well known. A process for drawing glass fibers with a core of high refractive-index glass and a 1–2-μ thick coating of low refractiveindex glass has been developed. This method is also used for depositing a second metal coating on fibers and drawing “multiple fibers.” A discussion on the dependence of the coating thickness on various parameters of the over-all optical system is given.
Der C-Präprozessor (1990)

Die Aufgabe des C-Compilers ist die Untersuchung von Quelldateien nach speziellen Anweisungen, Direktiven genannt, die nicht Teil der Sprache C sind. Direktiven sind Präprozessoranweisungen, die ein Teil des Compilersystems sind und vorbereitende Aufgaben im Kompilierungspro-zeß übernehmen. Der Präprozessor führt seine Arbeit aus, bevor der C-Compiler die Quelldatei bearbeitet (kompiliert).
Anal Fissure and Thrombosed External Hemorrhoids Before and After Delivery (2002)

One third of females have thrombosed external hemorrhoids or anal fissures in the postpartum period. The most important risk factor is dyschezia. Traumatic delivery appears to be associated with thrombosed external hemorrhoids.
Differential phase contrast tomosynthesis imaging (2012)

The development of differential phase contrast imaging using conventional x-ray tubes has spurred great interest in the medical imaging community. It has been shown to provide higher contrast than absorption imaging in some cases, and in this work we translate these advantages to tomosynthesis imaging. A general framework for reconstruction of images from differential phase contrast projection data has been proposed and implemented using data from a grating-based x-ray phase contrast tomosynthesis system. Reconstructed tomosynthesis images from differential phase contrast data are shown, using both a direct backprojection (BP) technique and a filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction method. From the results it is seen that phase contrast tomosynthesis can separate superimposed phase objects while providing complementary information to absorption tomosynthesis.
Fault-Tolerant Asynchronous Networks Using Read-Only Memories (1978)

In this paper, we present techniques for the construction of certain redundant state assignments suitable for fault-tolerant asynchronous network design. These assignments have certain characteristics that make them well-suited for error-control in asynchronous networks, using read-only memories, and are as follows: only a small number of additional state variables are required for incorporating fault-tolerance properties; the assignments form the codewords of an error-correcting code; and are systematic. An example is also provided to clarify some misconceptions that have arisen over the fault-tolerant design proposed earlier by the authors
Ascorbic Acid: a Promising Memory-Enhancer in Mice (2003)

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a gradual decline in memory. The occurrence of Alzheimer's disease is commonplace among the Asian population, particularly among senior citizens. The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of ascorbic acid as a memory-enhancer. Swiss mice of either sex were employed in the present investigation. Elevated plus-maze and passive-avoidance apparatus served as the exteroceptive behavioral models, and diazepam-, scopolamine-, and aging-induced amnesia served as the interoceptive behavioral models. Ascorbic acid (60, 120 mg/kg) injected for 3 and 8 consecutive days improved learning and memory of aged mice as indicated by decreased transfer-latency and increased step-down latency. Furthermore, ascorbic acid provided protection to the young animals from scopolamine- and diazepam-induced impairment of memory. Ascorbic acid was found to be more potent than piracetam as reflected by the smaller dose, more pronounced effect, and quicker onset of action. Ascorbic acid has shown promise as a powerful memory-improving agent particularly effective in aged animals. Hence, ascorbic acid might prove to be a useful memory-restorative agent in the treatment of dementia seen in elderly individuals. The underlying mechanism of action of ascorbic acid may be attributed to its antioxidant property.
Prognostic Relevance of Basal Cytokeratin Expression in Operable Breast Cancer (2005)

We demonstrated that the poor prognosis associated with the basal-like phenotype of breast cancer was determined by ER absence and cyclin E expression and not by CK5/6 or CK17 expression.
[Clinical and experimental study of yangxueshengru oral liquor in promoting puerperal breast milk secretion]. (1995)

Applying Yangxueshengru Oral Liquor (YXSR) to treat 103 cases of puerperal insufficient lactation. Six hours after delivery, the parturient took YXSR, its effective rate was 98.06%. The results revealed that it could improve breast milk secretion significantly and increase daily lactation amount of parturient, insufficient lactation rate was reduced. The content of protein and trace elements (Fe, Zn and Mn, etc) in colostrum increased, the difference between medicated group and control group was significant (P < 0.05-0.001). Animal experiment showed that YXSR could increase the response of prolactin (PRL) level of model rats (P < 0.01), the serum, PRL and cortisol level of the rats were also raised significantly (P < 0.01).
Reducing branch misprediction penalties via dynamic control independence detection (1999)

This paper presents the concept of dynamic control independence (DCl) and shows how it can be detected and exploited in an out-of-order superscalar processor to reduce the performance penalties of branch mispredictions. We show how DCI can be leveraged during branch misprediction recovery to reduce the number of instructions squashed on a misprediction as well as how it can be used to avoid predicting unpredictable branches by fetching instructions out-of-order A realistic implementation is described and evaluated using six SPECint95 benchmarks. We show that exploiting DCI during branch misprediction recovety improves pe$ormance by 0.9-9.9% on a I-wide processol; by I&11.2% on an b-wide processor and by 1.9-15.3% on a 12-wideprocessol: We also show that using DCI information to fetch instructions out-of-order when an unpredictable branch is encountered potentially improves performance by 0.9-15.2% on a I-wide processol: by 2.0-14.8% on an 8-wide processor and by 2.6-16.2% on a 12wide processor: Some of the largest performance gains are observed on go and gee, which have traditionally posed the most d@cult challenge to aggressive branch prediction techniques.
Detection and identification of explosive RDX by THz diffuse reflection spectroscopy (2006)

The reflection spectrum of the explosive RDX was acquired from a diffuse reflection measurement using a THz time-domain spectroscopy system in combination with a diffuse reflectance accessory. By applying the Kramers-Kronig transform to the reflection spectrum, the absorption spectrum (0.2-1.8 THz) was obtained. It agrees with the result from a transmission measurement and distinguishes RDX from other materials. The effect of the reference spectrum was examined by using both a Teflon pellet and a copper plate as references. The strong absorption of RDX at 0.82 THz allowed it to be identified by the diffuse reflection measurement even when the RDX sample was covered with certain optically opaque materials. Our investigation demonstrates that THz technique is capable of detecting and identifying hidden RDX-related explosives in a diffuse reflection mode, which is crucial for the standoff detection in the real world applications.
Perceived Health Status and Mortality Among Older Men and Women (1992)

This article separately examines the relationship of perceived health status and mortality for the 1,599 men and 2,904 women self-respondents in the Longitudinal Study on Aging. Using hierarchical logistic regression, the zero-order relationships are decomposed by the serial introduction of demographic, socioeconomic, health status, and psychosocial factors. For men, only those in poor health are significantly more likely to die than those in excellent health (adjusted odds ratio = 1.754), all other things being equal. For women, those in fair or poor health are more likely to die than those in excellent health (adjusted odds ratios = 1.870 and 2.181, respectively), all other things being equal.
Evaluation of LAAPD arrays for high-resolution scintillator matrices readout (2002)

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of recently released avalanche photodiode arrays from Advanced Photonix, Inc., for scintillator matrices readout. The large-area avalanche photodiode (LAAPD) quadrant device is a monolithic 2 /spl times/ 2 pixel structure with an active area of 5.3 mm/sup 2/ per pixel. The device allows stable operation with high gains up to 200 and detection efficiency of 73/spl sim//spl plusmn/ 10% for 420-nm photons. It is furthermore characterized by a pixel linear fill factor of 90% and low noise equal to 16 electrons equivalent noise charge measured at room temperature. We have measured pixel-to-pixel gain nonuniformity smaller than 1.5% and interpixel crosstalk of 1.7% in pulse-mode operation with a device gain of 50. An energy resolution of 12.3 /spl plusmn/ 0.5% was achieved for the 511-keV photopeak from a /sup 22/Na source placed on top of a 2 /spl times/ 2 /spl times/ 10 mm/sup 3/ LSO crystal coupled to one pixel of a quadrant LAAPD. An array of LSO crystals was later coupled to the device allowing individual crystal identification. A coincidence timing resolution of 1.9 /spl plusmn/ 0.1 ns full-width at half-maximum has been obtained for quadrant pixel with LSO scintillator for the 511-keV peak from a /sup 22/Na source. Finally, we compared the characteristics and readout performance of the LAAPD array with published results of some commercially available avalanche photodiode arrays.
Triangle-to-sine wave conversion with MOS technology (1985)

A description is given of MOS circuit design techniques for nonlinear analog circuits that perform a triangle-to-sine wave conversion. These techniques may also be applied to synthesizing other functions. Design techniques for compensating the conversion for variations in temperature, processing, and triangle wave amplitude are also presented. Results from simulation and monolithic circuit fabrication are reported which show that a sinusoidal approximation with a total harmonic content of 0.2% at 1 kHz is practical. The test circuit is powered from /spl plusmn/5 V supplies and displays a bandwidth of 1.1 MHz.
Service continuity for eMBMS in LTE/LTE-Advanced network: Standard analysis and supplement (2014)

Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) has recently attracted a great attention from the telecommunication industry. All big companies in the field have invested and intended to deploy eMBMS as the broadcast solution in response to the immense demand in multimedia traffic. The eMBMS, also known as LTE broadcast, can provide high quality live video streaming services for a large number of users simultaneously in an open area such as a stadium or arena during an entertainment or sport event. Nowadays, in a high mobility environment, maintaining the service reception for moving users becomes a crucial task for mobile operators and service providers. Unfortunately, the support from LTE standard for eMBMS service continuity is very limited at the moment and in many cases, the users cannot continue to receive their desired services. To overcome the limitation in the standard, this paper will present a novel method to ensure the service continuity as well as to reduce the service interruption time during handover period for eMBMS users in the mobility context.
The various dielectric barrier discharges lamps and plasma panel prototype designs developed in VNIIEF (2007)

The various dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) lamps and plasma panel prototype designs developed in VNIIEF are presented. The lamps given, depending on a configuration of electrodes, it is possible to divide into three types: 1) a lamp with a plane-parallel configuration of the electrodes, intended for researching of barrier discharges parameters and UV-radiation of various mixes. The design of this lamp allows changing electrodes and varying distance between them; 2) lamps of cylindrical geometry. The external electrode is a spiral or a grid, and internal electrode is a metallic foil. Such design of lamps is the most widespread; 3) lamps with a planar configuration of electrodes. There are two types of lamps with a planar configuration of electrodes: 1) plasma panel prototypes and 2) lamps with ceramic barriers. Plasma panel prototypes are increased (in 50-100 times) copies of plasma display panels (PDP) and are intended for researching of the processes taking place in PDP. Using ceramic barriers of high capacity in DBD lamps allows receiving bigger power density of UV-radiation, than in case of glass (quartz) barriers.
Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes (I) (1974)

Studies on the continuous pyrolysis process of polystyrene (PS) has been carried out in order to obtain styrene monomer. The apparatus for pyrolysis were the twin screw pyrolyzer which were cosisted of a single screw furnace (PS-feeding screw), a twin screw furnace (pyrolyzer), three cooling towers equipped with reciever for liquid products and a gas meter.Yields of styrene monomer were more than 70% at one pass under the best condition but higher molecular products called heavy oil were obtained at about 30% yields and they could be easily pyrolyzed to monomer as well as PS. The influence of pyrolysis condition on monomer yield, for example, rotation rate of twin screw, feed rate of PS, pyrolysis temperature and pitch of twin screw are discussed. It was observed that in the use of 90mm pitch screws a great deal of solid products were produced when reaction temperature was 600°C. and rotation rate of twin screw was 5-13rpm and feed rate of PS was 2.6kg/hr., though in the use of 20mm pitch screws solid products were not obtained under similar condition and even at 500°C.
Growth Inhibition of Glucose-Grown Cariogenic and Other Streptococci by Saccharin in vitro (1977)

Abstract Sodium saccharin in concentrations from 0.02 to 20.00 mg/ml inhibits the in vitro growth of glucose-grown cariogenic and other streptococci, and suppresses, esp. at the higher concentration range, the fermentative acid production of these microorganism s to acid levels much lower than the critical pH of 5.5. These observations indicate a possible caries antagonism by saccharin.
Fabrication of MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions for subnanosecond spin transfer switching (2011)

In the development of spin-transfer torque (STT)-based magnetic random access memories (spin-RAMs), characterizing the physics in sub-ns STT switching is a crucial issue for designing operation schemes. This paper describes the procedure we used to fabricate MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions for measuring sub-ns STT switching. We also discuss the sub-ns STT switching properties based on the quasi-static properties.
Assessment of Kupffer cells by ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging is beneficial for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of pathological diagnosis and perfusion patterns assessed by CT hepatic arteriography and CT arterioportography (2003)

To investigate the clinical significance of the radiographic assessment of Kupffer cells and hemodynamics in the diagnosis of hepatocellular nodules, both magnetic resonance (MR) imaging enhanced by ferumoxides and CT hepatic arteriography (CTHA)/CT arterioportography (CTAP) were undertaken for 118 patients with 158 primary nodular hepatocellular lesions. The radiographic findings were analyzed in the context of the pathological diagnosis. Among nodules presumed to be pre- or early HCC by CTHA/CTAP, all 13 hyperintense nodules identified by MR imaging (MRI) were found pathologically to be hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In contrast, in 14 hypointense nodules, no advanced (moderately or poorly differentiated) HCC was pathologically identified and none of these progressed to advanced HCC during the follow up period (mean: 24 months). Instead, 78% of these cases were pathologically confirmed as dysplastic nodules. For the 16 lesions undetectable by CTHA/CTAP, four of eight (50%) hypointense nodules turned out to be dysplastic nodules and one hyperintense lesion was HCC. Signal intensity by ferumoxides-enhanced MRI showed a strong correlation with the increase or decrease of Kupffer cells assessed by immunohistochemistry. Assessment of Kupffer cells by ferumoxides-enhanced MRI is beneficial for the accurate diagnosis of primary hepatocellular nodules that are considered borderline or early stage HCC by their hemodynamic profile.
Performance comparison of SC-FDMA-CDMA and OFDM-CDMA systems for uplink (2011)

This paper presents the performance comparison of Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access-Code Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA-CDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Code Division Multiple Access (OFDM-CDMA) systems for uplink. We investigate the basic principle and the similarities and differences of these different schemes. According to these schemes, we discuss the performance of SC-FDMA-CDMA and OFDM-CDMA. Moreover, we give the performance of different sub-carrier mapping schemes for SC-FDMA-CDMA, namely Localized Frequency Division Multiple Access (LFDMA), Interleaved Frequency Division Multiple Access (IFDMA) and hybrid subcarrier mapping (LFDMA+IFDMA). Simulation and test results show that SC-FDMA-CDMA performs better than OFDM-CDMA in PAPR for uplink, and its BER performance is close to OFDM-CDMA.
An Infrared Traveling Matte System with Electronic Masking (1979)

A new, single-film infrared traveling matte system for combining background and foreground scenes, based on the mixed utilization of motion-picture and television technology, has been developed at Lenfilm Studios, Leningrad, U.S.S.R. The infrared electronic traveling matte system employs a special-purpose film which combines color emulsion layers with a black-and-white Infrared-sensitive bottom layer. Photography of the live foreground action is carried out with a standard motion-picture camera against an infrared-radiating background. After exposure, the film is developed for a short period of time in a fast-acting surface developer, as a result of which a transparent silhouette of the foreground action is formed in the infrared-sensitive layer against a dark background or, in other words, a negative “female” matte. The image in the other color-forming layers remains in its latent form. Next, the printing of the background is effectuated by means of a narrow, electronically controlled beam of white light which scans line by line the surface of the background positive in contact with the camera film, exposing the background only in those areas not occupied by the pre-exposed foreground action. Afterwards the film is processed in a regular color negative developer, in the course of which the female matte, composed of metallic silver, is disintegrated in the bleaching step together with the metallic silver images in the color layers. Dimensional mismatch between the matte and the components of the final composite image is thus avoided.
Interpretation by the Solvophobic Theory on the Linear Additive Representation of the Logarithm of Ion-Pair Extraction Constant with Individual Contributions of Cation, Anion, and Organic Solvent (2000)

A theoretical basis was given for the linear additive representation of the logarithm of ion-pair solvent extraction constant (Kex) in terms of logarithmic values of three individual extraction constants (Kcation, Kanion, and Ksolvent) for cations, anions, and organic solvents constituting ion-pair extraction systems. The differences in extractability between cations and between anions were quantitatively discussed according to the thermodynamic cycle model of 1:1 ion-pair extraction. The increment of log Kcation and log Kanion of hydrophobic ions is explained by taking the increment of the free energy change of the hydration (ΔGhyd) of the ions into account. The order of the extractability of inorganic cations and anions was also interpreted using literature data of ΔGhyd of each inorganic ion. The free energy change of the solvation of a hypothetical ion-pair having a shape of spherical was calculated on the basis of the solvophobic theory. The difference in extracting powers of some extracting organic solvents could also quantitatively be interpreted. There are a few sets of proposed values of the individual extraction constants representing the extractability of the cations and anions, which were calculated based on different reference assumptions. The conclusions of this study are effective for the interpretation concerning the increment of the extractability of the ions irrespective of the reference assumptions for determining the individual extraction constants. It was also attempted to estimate absolute values of Kex by the theoretical approach in this study. The Kex values of a few inorganic ion-pairs thus calculated were of the same order of magnitude as those estimated from the individual extraction constants experimentally determined. It is concluded that the thermodynamic cycle model based on the solvophobic theory provides an essential framework for the theoretical interpretation of the mechanism of the ion-pair extraction, and that the validity of the linear additive representation of log Kex with the three individual extraction constants is demonstrated.