gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Text Mining in Bioinformatics (2013)

Biomedical literatures have been increased at the exponential rate. To find the useful and needed information from such a huge data set is a daunting task for users. Text mining is a powerful tool to solve this problem. In this paper, we surveyed on text mining in Bioinformatics with emphasis on applications of text mining for bioinformatics. In this paper, the main research directions of text mining in bioinformatics are accompanied with detailed examples. This paper suited the need for the state-of-the-art of the field of text mining in Bioinformatics because of the rapid development in both text mining and bioinformatics. Finally, the problems and future way are identified at last.
Application of Optimization Techniques to the Design of a Boost Power Factor Correction Converter (2001)

This thesis analyzes the procedural approach and benefits of applying optimization techniques to the design of a boost power factor correction (PFC) converter with an input electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter at the component level. The analysis is performed based on the particular minimum cost design study of a 1.15 kW unit satisfying a set of specifications. A traditional design methodology is initially analyzed and employed to obtain a first design. A continuous design optimization is then formulated and solved to gain insight into the converter design tradeoffs and particularities. Finally, a discrete optimization approach using a genetic algorithm is defined to develop a completely automated user-friendly software design tool able to provide in a short period of time globally optimum designs of the system for different sets of specifications. The software design tool is then employed to optimize the system design, and the savings with respect to the traditional design methodology are highlighted. The optimization problem formulation in both the continuous and discrete cases is presented in detail. The system design variables, objective function (system component cost) and constraints are identified. The objective function is expressed as a function of the design variables. A computationally efficient and experimentally validated model of the system, including second-order effects, allows the constraint values (also as a function of the design variables) to be obtained.
Interhemispheric Information Transfer: A New Diagnostic Method for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2011)

Abstract : The symptoms of mild TBI can be missed are often ignored or misdiagnosed as another neurological or psychological disease. mTBI most commonly damages white matter. Diffusion Tensor-MRI (DTMRI) is a sensitive brain imaging method to measure white matter injury; and is the preferred method to distinguish mTBI from other neurological or psychiatric disorders. White matter regions frequently damaged by mTBI include the corpus callosum and other centroaxial structures that transfer information between the two cerebral hemispheres. The functioning of these white matter regions can be assessed using neuropsychological tests using interhemispheric transfer of information (IHT). IHT deficits have been reported with moderate to severe TBI, but have been studied less in mTBI. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that mTBI produces IHT deficits and that neuropsychological tests employing IHT can be an initial field screen for mTBI. This hypothesis will be tested by determining whether a neuropsychological test employing IHT can be an initial screen for mTBI in humans. Twenty control patients and 20 patients with putative mTBI will receive a test of IHT followed by a more definitive diagnosis of mTBI by DT-MRI. IHT tests will be performed using a laptop computer running software that displays visual stimuli exclusively to either the left visual field or right visual field of the retina. The time between a visual stimulus and a hand response will be measured. Interhemispheric transfer time (ITT) will be defined as the difference between the ipsilateral and contralateral reaction times. ITT is predicted to be slower in patients with mTBI than control patients. Deficits in IHT tests are anticipated to highly correlated with fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and other centroaxial white matter structures measured with DT-MRI. The successful completion of this project will provide critical data for larger clinical studies testing the value of IHT as an initial screen
Effects of ground plane and dielectric truncations on the efficiency of a printed structure (1991)

Effects of ground plane and/or dielectric truncation on the radiation efficiency of a printed radiator are studied. A closed-form expression for the reflection coefficient of surface wave modes from the truncated edge is obtained. Numerical results for the reflection coefficient and the radiation efficiency are discussed, and radiation patterns for various dielectric constants, substrate thicknesses, and ground plane dimensions are presented. It is found that for certain ground plane dimensions the radiation efficiency is considerably lower than normal; these dimensions should be avoided to reduce the surface wave loss.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular mechanism of blood monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells. (1992)

The blood monocytes adhere to endothelial cells unstimulated and after stimulation by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor or other mediators. This process is mediated through specific molecules on both endothelial cells and monocytes. Using specific monoclonal antibodies and molecular cloning several families of molecules involved in leukocyte endothelial cell interaction have been defined. Leukocyte adhesion molecules include the three beta 2 integrins (CD11/CD18 molecules), VLA-4 and the L-Selectin. E-Selectin (ELAM-1), P-Selectin (GMP-140) and receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily (ICAM-1, ICAM-2 and VCAM-1) are expressed on endothelial cells in basal conditions and after activation. It has been shown that these adhesive molecules are involved in blood monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Monocytes from patients with diabetes mellitus had an increased adhesion to endothelial cells in culture. As estimated by flow cytometry CD11b/CD18 expression on diabetic monocytes was increased. Pentoxifylline reduced CD11b/CD18 expression on normal and diabetic monocytes. This effect was associated to a decrease in monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells.
Predistortion linearization of directly modulated DFB lasers and external modulators for AM video transmission (1990)

Multichannel AM video transmission systems place stringent requirements on the linearity of optical sources. Nonlinearity in the transfer function of directly modulated DFB lasers and external optical modulators produces intermodulation distortion products which limit the modulation index M which can be used. Since the SNR is proportional to M2 for shot-noise-limited AM video transmission, increasing M greatly improves system performance. The DFB lasers are limited primarily by second-order distortion products, while Mach-Zehnder modulators are limited by third-order distortion products.1 This paper describes predistortion techniques which reduce the dominant distortion of a DFB laser and external modulator by 12 and 14 dB, respectively, allowing a large increase in modulation index.
Random chromosome elimination in synthetic<i>Triticum</i>–<i>Aegilops</i>amphiploids leads to development of a stable partial amphiploid with high grain micro- and macronutrient content and powdery mildew resistance (2010)

Synthetic amphiploids are the immortal sources for studies on crop evolution, genome dissection, and introgression of useful variability from related species. Cytological analysis of synthetic decaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. amphiploids (AABBDDUkUkSkSk) showed some univalents from the C1 generation onward followed by chromosome elimination. Most of the univalents came to metaphase I plate after the reductional division of paired chromosomes and underwent equational division leading to their elimination through laggards and micronuclei. Substantial variation in the chromosome number of pollen mother cells from different tillers, spikelets, and anthers of some plants also indicated somatic chromosome elimination. Genomic in situ hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and simple sequence repeat markers analysis of two amphiploids with reduced chromosomes indicated random chromosome elimination of various genomes with higher sensitivity of D followed by the Sk and Uk genomes to elimination, whereas 1D chromosome was preferentially eliminated in both the amphiploids investigated. One of the partial amphiploids, C4 T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' - Ae. kotschyi 396 (2n = 58), with 34 T. aestivum, 14 Uk, and 10 Sk had stable meiosis and high fertility. The partial amphiploids with white glumes, bold seeds, and tough rachis with high grain macro- and micronutrients and resistance to powdery mildew could be used for T. aestivum biofortification and transfer of powdery mildew resistance.
Thomas H. Jukes (1906–1999) (2000)

TOM Jukes accepted our invitation to write a Perspectives on the early history of molecular evolution, and in August 1999 he sent a rough beginning containing some now-forgotten early history. He planned an extensive revision and continuation, but on November 1 his death intervened. We have decided
Superoxide dismutase is upregulated in Staphylococcus aureus following protoporphyrin-mediated photodynamic inactivation and does not directly influence the response to photodynamic treatment (2010)

We confirmed that porphyrin-based photokilling efficacy is a strain-dependent phenomenon. We showed that oxidative stress sensitivity caused by the lack of both Sod enzymes can be relieved in the presence of Mn ions and partially in the presence of Fe ions. The fact that Sod activity increase is observed only in PDI-susceptible cells emphasizes that this is probably not a direct factor affecting S. aureus vulnerability to porphyrin-based PDI.
Submicrometer MOSFET Structure for Minimizing Hot-Carrier Generation (1982)

This paper reports on investigation of channel hot-carrier generation for various device structures. The dependence of channel hot-carrier generation on MOSFET structure are characterized by measuring the gate current and the substrate current as low as on the order of 10/sup -15/ A. The measured gate current due to hot-electron injection into the oxide is modeled numerically as thermionic emission from heated electron gas over the Si-SiO/sub 2/ energy barrier. The substrate current due to hot-hole injection into the substrate is also modeled analytically. On the basis of the experiments and analyses, two device structures are proposed for minimizing hot-carrier generation and associated problems in submicrometer MOSFET: a graded drain junction structure and an offset gate structure. The proposed device structures provide remarkable improvements, raising by 2 V the highest applicable voltages as limited by hot-electron injection, as well as raising by 1-3 V the drain sustaining voltages as determined by the substrate hot-hole current. The influence of electron-beam radiation on the gate oxide is also discussed in relation to the trapping of hot electrons.
FLUID AMPLIFICATION. 12. BINARY COUNTER DESIGN (1964)

The report is a detailed account of the work carried out by UNIVAC pursuant to Contract Number DA-49-186AMC-34(X). It is of special interest in this contract to develop analytical tools which indicate circuit values in the construction of an all-fluid system, and which then predict its operating characteristics. In short, a circuit theory is to be formulated. An n-stage binary counter is selected for analysis, the foundations of which are the analogous equations of fluid flow and electrical current, and empirically formulated element characteristics.
Development of an 80 Gbit/s InP-based Mach-Zehnder Modulator (2007)

In dieser Arbeit werden integriert optische Mach-Zehnder Modulatoren mit periodisch belasteten Wanderwellenelektroden untersucht. Als Basismaterial dient der III/V-Verbindungshalbleiter InP. Als Wellenleitermaterial werden Multi-Quantum-Well Schichten verwendet, die eine große Brechzahländerung aufweisen und deshalb kleine Schaltspannungen ermöglichen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, zunächst das bestehende Konzept zu analysieren und die entscheidenden Entwurfsparameter zu identifizieren. Darauf aufbauend war ein Konzept zu entwickeln, mit dem die Bandbreite der Modulatoren soweit erhöht werden konnte, dass sich damit Modulatormodule mit einer Bitrate von 80 Gbit/s realisieren lassen. Die grundlegenden Theorien zur Beschreibung des Modulators wurden in einem Kapitel zusammengefasst. Das Prinzip des Mach-Zehnder Interferometers, die Elektrodeneigenschaften und die Definition von elektrischer und optischer Bandbreite werden in einem weiteren Kapitel diskutiert. Zur Optimierung der elektrischen Eigenschaften wird ein Hochfrequenzstruktursimulator (HFSS) eingesetzt. Die Eingabeparameter für dieses Programm werden soweit wie möglich aus experimentell zugänglichen Messungen ermittelt. Die Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dass die Bandbreite des Modulators von der Mikrowellendämpfung der Leitung, der Fehlanpassung der Geschwindigkeit von optischer und elektrischer Welle und der Impedanz der Leitung abhängt. Zur Reduzierung der Mikrowellenverluste tragen bei: ein geringer p-Kontaktwiderstand und ein dickerer n-Kontakt. Bessere Geschwindigkeitsanpassung und geringere Schaltspannungen sind gleichzeitig erreichbar wenn die breiten Elektrodenleitungen mit BCB unterfüttert werden. Das Programm HFSS wurde zudem dazu verwendet, die Hochfrequenzeigenschaften des Moduls zu verbessern. Schließlich konnte mit einem aufgebauten Modul ein geöffnetes Auge bei 80 Gbit/s demonstriert werden.
Effect of the Combination of Fibrin Glue and Growth Hormone on Intestinal Anastomoses in a Pig Model of Traumatic Shock Associated with Peritonitis (2009)

We found that FG, but not recombinant GH, could lower the risk of anastomotic leakage, improve intestinal anastomotic healing, and prolong survival in a pig model of traumatic shock associated with peritonitis. Both FG and recombinant GH synergistically effected improved intestinal anastomotic healing. It was suggested that GH could be used locally to promote intestinal anastomotic healing in intra-abdominal peritonitis.
Immunological procedure for the rapid and specific identification of Coccidioides immitis cultures (1977)

An immunological procedure for the rapid and specific identification of Coccidioides immitis isolates has been developed. The specificity of the procedure is based on the fact that C. immitis produces antigens that are not produced by morphologically similar fungi. The procedure involved the transfer of heavy mold-form inocula to flasks that contained small volumes of brain heart infusion broth. Shake cultures were grown at 25 degrees C on a gyratory shaker at 150 rpm. The concentrated supernatant antigens so obtained from broth cultures were tested in parallel with coccidioidin by a microimmunodiffusion technique against C. immitis antiserum. The ability of the immunological procedure to identify C. immitis cultures was evaluated by testing the supernatant antigens of 166 unknown isolates, many of which, by gross or microscopic examination or both, resembled C. immitis or belonged to the family Gymnoascaceae. Each culture was also identified by conventional laboratory procedures. Comparative evaluation showed that the immunological test for C. immitis was 100% sensitive and specific. The diagnostic precipitin bands that were produced by the interaction of the C. immitis supernatants and antisera were shown to consist of (i) a heat-stable antigen comparable to that active in the tube precipitin test and (ii) two heat-labile antigens, one of which was associated with complement fixation reactivity. With pure cultures, this immunological procedure permitted the identification of C. immitis isolates within 5 days.
A Creative Process (2017)

Creativity is popular. Schools want to teach it; parents want their kids to have it; and businesses want to harness it, although usually under the cover of the more Darwinian-sounding word “innovation”. The way ahead seems clear: we should make people creative.
Potential-dependent wetting of octadecanethiol-modified polycrystalline gold electrodes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential-dependent wetting of octadecanethiol-modified polycrystalline gold electrodesJ. A. M. Sondag-Huethorst and L. G. J. FokkinkCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 10, 2560–2566Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00046a033https://doi.org/10.1021/la00046a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views632Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Single Euler Solution Per Anomaly (2014)

Summary We developed a method that drastically reduces the number of the source location estimates in Euler deconvolution to only one per anomaly. We use the analytical estimators of the Euler solutions. Our approach consists in detecting automatically the regions of the anomaly producing consistent estimates of the source horizontal coordinates. These regions form plateaus in the horizontal coordinate estimates using any structural index (defining the geometry of the sources). We identify these plateaus by fitting a first-degree polynomial to the horizontal coordinate estimates with a moving-window operator which spans these estimates. The places where the angular-coefficients estimates are closest to zero identify the plateaus of the horizontal coordinate estimates where consistent estimates of the horizontal source positions are found. The sample means of these horizontal coordinate estimates are the best estimates. The best structural index is the one that yields the minimum correlation between the total-field anomaly and the estimated base level over each plateau. By using the estimated structural index for each plateau, we extract the depth estimates over the corresponding plateau. The sample means of these estimates are the best depth estimates. Test on real data over alkaline bodies, central Brazil, retrieved sphere-like sources suggesting 3D bodies.
Computational optical sectioning microscopy using an engineered PSF with reduced depth variability &#x2014; Proof of concept (2012)

In this simulation study, an engineered point-spread function (PSF) with reduced depth variability (due to depth-induced aberrations) was applied to three-dimensional computational optical-sectioning microscopy (COSM) imaging to investigate its impact on image restoration. Intermediate synthetic images from PSF-engineered COSM in the presence of aberrations were computed and then processed using a depth-variant expectation maximization algorithm. The restored images were compared to images simulated for traditional COSM. Results show that PSF-engineered COSM achieves better image restoration than conventional COSM and has the potential to improve imaging in the presence of depth-induced aberrations.
Development of a ‘mouse and human cross-reactive’ affinity-matured exosite inhibitory human antibody specific to TACE (ADAM17) for cancer immunotherapy (2014)

We previously showed that a human anti-TACE antibody, D1(A12), is a potent inhibitor of TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) ectodomain proteolysis and has pharmacokinetic properties suitable for studies of the inhibition of TACE-dependent growth factor shedding in relation to possible therapeutic applications. However, the lack of murine TACE immunoreactivity limits pre-clinical in vivo studies to human xenograft models which are poor analogies to in situ pathology and are not considered clinically predictive. Here, to overcome these limitations, we set out to develop a 'mouse and human cross-reactive' specific anti-TACE antibody. We first re-investigated the originally selected anti-TACE ectodomain phage-display clones, and isolated a lead 'mouse-human cross-reactive' anti-TACE scFv, clone A9. We reformatted scFv-A9 into an IgG2 framework for comprehensive biochemical and cellular characterization and further demonstrated that A9 is an exosite TACE inhibitor. However, surface plasmon resonance analysis and quenched-fluorescent (QF) peptide assay indicated that IgG reformatting of A9 caused low binding affinity and an 80-fold reduction in TACE ectodomain inhibition, severely limiting its efficacy. To address this, we constructed second generation phage-display randomization libraries focused on the complementarity-determining region 3, and carried out affinity selections shuffling between human and mouse TACE ectodomain as antigen in addition to an off-rate selection to increase the chance of affinity improvement. The bespoke 'three-step' selections enabled a 100-fold affinity enhancement of A9 IgG, and also improved its IC50 in a QF peptide assay to 0.2 nM. In human and mouse cancer cell assays, matured A9 IgG showed significant cell-surface TACE inhibition as a monotherapy or combination therapy with chemotherapeutic agent. Collectively, these data suggest that we successfully developed an exosite inhibitor of TACE with sub-nanomolar affinity, which possesses both murine and human immunoreactive properties that can be used for in vivo application in murine pre-clinical cancer models.
Flip chip interconnection method applied to small camera module (2002)

Small cameras used as image storage devices have been rapidly applied to mobile information devices since the improvement of picture quality and the development of an easy picture processing method. The authors have developed a small camera module (3.6 cc, 30(W)/spl times/15(D)/spl times/8(H) mm/sup 3/; including lens unit) using two bare chip bonding methods. One is the CMOS image sensor packaging technique for fabrication on a flexible substrate by the ACP (anisotropic conductive paste) bonding method. The other is the flip chip bonding method which utilizes the advanced ACP method for a DSP (digital signal processor) chip. The new ACP enables a short resin curing time of less than six seconds. The ACP can also withstand the reflow soldering process, so that the bare chip IC and chip components can be mounted on the same substrate. By using these bare chip bonding techniques, the small camera module was realized. Regarding the ACP, its humidity absorption property was improved to obtain a high reliability. The filler content of the ACP was also controlled to obtain a high reliability. The flip chip bonding margin was confirmed to be applicable to mass production.