gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PP.LB03.07 (2015)

Objective: A recent genome-wide association study identified a locus within natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR3) gene to be significantly associated with blood pressure (BP). We aim to functionally characterise the effect of BP- associated SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) at the NPR3 gene locus in the context of BP regulatory pathways. Design and method: Bioinformatic tools, including Encyclopedia of Regulatory DNA Elements (ENCODE), were used to prioritise SNPs for investigation. Primary human umbilical smooth muscle (HUASMCs) and endothelial (HUVECs) cells of different NPR3 genotypes were investigated. Genotype-specific mRNA and protein expression were assessed by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Open chromatin regions were assayed using formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE). Cell proliferation and migration were detected by cell counting and scratch assays. Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced calcium flux was detected using an intracellular fluorescent probe (Calcium 6). Results: The NPR3 risk allele (major allele) in HUASMCs was associated with lower endogenous mRNA (p < 0.001) and protein levels. This was consistent with the intronic SNP rs1173747-minor allele being associated with an open chromatin state (p < 0.01). Furthermore, major-allele expression led to increased cell proliferation (p < 0.05) and calcium response to AngII stimulation (p < 0.05). No difference in migration rates were detected. No such genotype-dependent characteristics were observed in HUVECs. Conclusions: This study has identified potential mechanisms for BP-associated SNPs within NPR3 gene to influence BP predominantly via the vascular smooth muscle.
Bitcoin: An Innovative Alternative Digital Currency (2011)

Bitcoin is a digital, decentralized, partially anonymous currency, not backed by any government or other legal entity, and not redeemable for gold or other commodity. It relies on peer-to-peer networking and cryptography to maintain its integrity. Compared to most currencies or online payment services, such as PayPal, bitcoins are highly liquid, have low transaction costs, and can be used to make micropayments. This new currency could also hold the key to allowing organizations such as Wikileaks, hated by governments, to receive donations and conduct business anonymously. Although the Bitcoin economy is flourishing, Bitcoin users are anxious about Bitcoin's legal status. This Article examines a few relevant legal issues, such as the recent conviction of the Liberty Dollar creator, the Stamp Payments Act, and the Federal Securities Acts.
Cloning of Small <scp>RNA</scp> Molecules (2003)

Abstract Small RNAs that are derived from double‐stranded RNA precursors act as guide RNAs during sequence‐specific epigenetic regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. These small regulatory RNAs are between 20 and 30 nucleotides in length, and fall into one or more of the following categories: small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and heterochromatic siRNAs (hsiRNAs). Procedures to record the profile of small RNAs expressed in cultured cells or tissues are described. The small RNAs are directionally cloned after isolation from total RNA. The methods rely on T4 RNA ligase‐based joining of adapter oligonucleotides to the 3( and 5( termini of the pool of small RNAs. The ligation products are reverse transcribed and PCR‐amplified. It is recommended to directionally concatamerize the relatively short PCR products before cloning in order to increase the number of RNA sequences obtained per clone.
Upregulated WDR5 promotes proliferation, self-renewal and chemoresistance in bladder cancer via mediating H3K4 trimethylation (2015)

WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) plays an important role in various biological functions through the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription; however, its role in bladder cancer remains largely unknown. Our study investigated the role of WDR5 in bladder cancer and demonstrated that WDR5 was upregulated in bladder cancer tissues, and elevated WDR5 protein levels positively correlated with advanced tumor stage and poor survival. Through gain or loss of function, we demonstrated that WDR5 promoted proliferation, self-renewal and chemoresistance to cisplatin in bladder cancer cells in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, WDR5 regulated various functions in bladder cancer by mediating the transcription of cyclin B1, cyclin E1, cyclin E2, UHMK1, MCL1, BIRC3 and Nanog by histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation. Therefore, we have discovered that WDR5 plays an important role in bladder cancer suggesting that WDR5 is a potential biomarker and a promising target in the treatment of bladder cancer.
A tuned-reed course indicator for the 4 and 12 course aircraft radio range (1930)

For the 12-course radio range system, in which three modulation frequencies are used, a type of reed indicator has been developed to indicate when the aircraft is on any one of the 12 courses, and if off, approximately how many degrees and whether to the right or left, and, in addition, indicates to the pilot, in case he becomes lost, which course he is nearest, how to turn to get on it, and which way he is flying on it. This is accomplished by the use of three reeds in the visual indicator, each reed being tuned to one of the modulation frequencies sent out by the radio range, namely, 65, 86.7, and 108.3 cycles. Unequal amplitudes of vibration of the reeds indicate the plane is off the course to the side of the reed having the greatest amplitude. A simple shutter with windows, in front of the vibrating reeds, exposes any two at a time. The correct two for a given course is determined by a color system which is exposed by the window to correspond to the color of the particular radio range route marked on the map. A second shut- ter and color system is provided so that the rule, " Longest reed indicates side off course," may be made to hold regardless of the course being flown or the direction of flight.
Genetic Heterogeneity in the Histogenic Layers of Apple1 (1969)

Abstract The technique of disbudding to force development of adventitious buds was used to test for possible genetic heterogeneity in tissues derived from the internal histogenic layers of several apple varieties and strains. Following treatment of 1-year old trees in the greenhouse, adventitious buds were readily produced by 5 strains of ‘Delicious’ and by ‘McIntosh’, but none by ‘Golden Delicious’ in 3 successive years of trial. Fruiting trees developed from adventitious bud growth indicated considerable heterogeneity among the histogenic layers of several of the source varieties. Adventitious trees of ‘Starkrimson’ closely resembled the source variety in fruit characters and in fruiting and growth habits as did most of those of ‘Redspur’. Three adventitious trees of ‘Redspur’ were markedly different in fruiting and growth habits, indicating the existence of internal chimeras. Adventitious trees of ‘Richared’ and ‘Bridgham Red Delicious’ produced fruit with pigmentation closely resembling that of the original ‘Delicious’, indicating that these sports probably resulted from mutations in L I of the growing point. A late-coloring sport of ‘Starking’ produced 3 adventitious trees each representing a different class of pigmentation intensity of the fruit. A striped sport of ‘McIntosh’ produced trees with fruits having an entirely blushed pattern of color development, thus striped-fruited forms of this variety probably resulted from undesirable mutations in L I. The strong tendency to produce adventitious buds probably accounts for an important fraction of the unusually large number of ‘Delicious’ sports.
Atmungsgrößen von <i>Escherichia coli</i> B<sub>/r</sub> and B<sub><i>s</i>1</sub> und der Einfluß hoher UV‐Dosen (1971)

Abstract Two very different radiation sensitive strains of Escherichia coli (B /r and B s 1 ) showed only small differences of their rest metabolism. A significant distinction is to be seen some hours after separation of the bacteria from the nutrient substrate. There is a slow decrease of respiration intensity of the B /r strain. The nucleoside adenosine which in buffer solution with glucose influenced only the B /r cells increased the respiration rate of this strain on the same level as the B s 1 cells. Without glucose (endogenous respiration), the oxygen consumption of both strains is very small, but can be increased on the level of exogenous respiration by application of adenosine (5 × 10 −3 M). The small endogenous respiration is not decreased by high UV‐doses; the glucose respiration after 80000 erg. mm −2 falls to about 50% of the control. Adenosine can diminish this decline. These and other experiments showed an increase in the resistance to UV irradiation in the folllowing sequence: growth respiration in complete medium, glucose respiration in phosphate buffer, and endogenous respiration; the activity of metabolism falls in the same sequence. The different radiosensitivity of both bacterial strains may not be understood by their rest metabolism, which is very similar in both cases, except one suggests a multiplication of the small differences during the growth metabolism.
The Role of Cesium Cation in Controlling Interphasial Chemistry on Graphite Anode in Propylene Carbonate-Rich Electrolytes (2015)

Despite the potential advantages it brings, such as wider liquid range and lower cost, propylene carbonate (PC) is seldom used in lithium-ion batteries because of its sustained cointercalation into the graphene structure and the eventual graphite exfoliation. Here, we report that cesium cation (Cs(+)) directs the formation of solid electrolyte interphase on graphite anode in PC-rich electrolytes through its preferential solvation by ethylene carbonate (EC) and the subsequent higher reduction potential of the complex cation. Effective suppression of PC-decomposition and graphite-exfoliation is achieved by adjusting the EC/PC ratio in electrolytes to allow a reductive decomposition of Cs(+)-(EC)m (1 ≤ m ≤ 2) complex preceding that of Li(+)-(PC)n (3 ≤ n ≤ 5). Such Cs(+)-directed interphase is stable, ultrathin, and compact, leading to significant improvement in battery performances. In a broader context, the accurate tailoring of interphasial chemistry by introducing a new solvation center represents a fundamental breakthrough in manipulating interfacial reactions that once were elusive to control.
Automatic Generation of Efficient Predictable Memory Patterns (2011)

Verifying firm real-time requirements gets increasingly complex, as the number of applications in embedded systems grows. Predictable systems reduce the complexity by enabling formal verification. However, these systems require predictable software and hardware components, which is problematic for resources with highly variable execution times, such as SDRAM controllers. A predictable SDRAM controller has been proposed that addresses this problem using predictable memory patterns, which are precomputed sequences of SDRAM commands. However, the memory patterns are derived manually, which is a time-consuming and error-prone process that must be repeated for every memory device, and may result in inefficient use of scarce and expensive bandwidth. This paper addresses this issue by proposing three algorithms for automatic generation of efficient memory patterns that provide different trade-offs between run-time of the algorithm and the bandwidth guaranteed by the controller. We experimentally evaluate the algorithms for a number of DDR2/DDR3 memories and show that an appropriate choice of algorithm reduces run-time to less than a second and increases the guaranteed bandwidth by up to 10.2%.
Upregulation of miRNA-143, -145, -192, and -194 in esophageal epithelial cells upon acidic bile salt stimulation (2013)

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a metaplastic condition of the distal esophagus that occurs because of chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Previous studies have identified BE-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in comparison with normal squamous epithelium (SQ). We hypothesized that BE-specific miRNAs could be induced in esophageal SQ cells by exposure to acid and/or bile salts. We aimed to determine whether BE-specific miRNAs are upregulated in an esophageal SQ cell line (Het-1A) in an environment with acid and/or bile salts and whether this is nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) dependent. Acid and/or bile salt incubations were performed in Het-1A cells. Experiments were performed with or without inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine expression of miRNA-143, -145, -192, -194, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX2), mucin 2 (MUC2), and sex determining region Y-box 9. For validation, we determined levels of these miRNAs in biopsies from patients with reflux esophagitis and normal SQ. Significantly increased expression levels of miRNA-143 (2.7-fold), -145 (2.6-fold), -192 (2.0-fold), -194 (2.2-fold), COX2, MUC2, and sex determining region Y-box 9 were found upon acidic bile salt incubation, but not upon acid or bile salt alone. NF-κB pathway inhibition significantly decreased miRNA-143, -192, -194, COX2, and MUC2 expression. Additionally, miRNA-143, -145 and -194 expression was increased in reflux esophagitis biopsies compared with normal SQ, but no changes were found in miRNA-192 expression. Our findings suggest that upregulation of BE-specific miRNAs by acidic bile may be an early event in the transition of SQ to BE and that their expression is partly regulated by the NF-κB pathway.
Profit Aware Load Balancing for Distributed Cloud Data Centers (2013)

The advent of cloud systems has spurred the emergence of an impressive assortment of Internet services. Recent pressures on enhancing the profitability by curtailing surging dollar costs on energy have posed challenges to, as well as placed a new emphasis on, designing energy-efficient request dispatching and resource management algorithms. What further adds to the design challenge is the highly diverse nature of Internet service requests in terms of Quality-of-Service (QoS) constraints and business values. Nonetheless, most of the existing job scheduling and resource management solutions are for a single type of request and are profit oblivious. They are unable to reap the benefit of multi-service profit-aware algorithm designs. In this paper, we consider a cloud service provider operating geographically distributed data centers in a multi-electricity-market environment, and propose an energy-efficient, profit-and cost-aware request dispatching and resource allocation algorithm to maximize a service provider's net profit. We formulate the net profit maximization issue as a constrained optimization problem, using a unified task model capturing multiple cloud layers (e.g., SaaS, PaaS, IaaS.) The proposed approach maximizes a service provider's net profit by judiciously distributing service requests to data centers, powering on/off an appropriate number of servers, and allocating server resources to dispatched requests. We conduct extensive experiments to validate our proposed algorithm. Results show that our proposed approach can improve a service provider's net profit significantly.
Parallel Artificial Liquid Membrane Extraction: Micro-Scale Liquid–Liquid–Liquid Extraction in The 96-Well Format (2013)

Liquid-liquid-liquid membrane extraction was successfully performed in a slightly modified commercially available 96-well plate format.
A general method for heterokaryon detection using resonance energy transfer and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. (1982)

A simple and general labeling method has been adapted for the rapid detection and isolation of heterokaryons soon after somatic cell fusion. The method involves prelabeling each parental cell type by adding one of two hydrophobic fluorescent probes, F18 or R16, to the culture medium. These probes are nontoxic, nonmutagenic, and do not inhibit either cellular replication or the efficiency of fusion. Following polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced fusion, heterokaryons are identified on a cell sorter as cells showing fluorescence as a result of nonradiative resonance energy transfer (RET) between the two fluorochromes. Optimal conditions are described for the unambiguous detection of heterokaryons by fusion-induced RET. The value of this method lies in the universal applicability of F18 and R16 as simple and direct membrane labels for any pair of parental cells, even those lacking selectable genetic markers or detectable antigenic differences. This potential for heterokaryon selection in any cell cross should significantly expand the range of cell types amenable to investigation through somatic cell genetics, while the rapidity of the method should facilitate the study of early events following fusion.
Self-assembly of chromogenic dyes—a new mechanism for humidity sensors (2007)

The design, fabrication and characterization of a novel type of humidity sensing polymer are presented. The new material was prepared by incorporating a chromogenic, cyano-substituted oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) dye into a polyamide by quenching the blend from the melt. Exposure of these kinetically trapped, molecularly mixed blends to water plasticizes the amorphous phase and leads to aggregation of the dye molecules, concomitant with pronounced and irreversible changes of the material's absorption and fluorescence color.
The Novel at the Bar (2009)

Abstract This chapter explores the way James Joyce and Wyndham Lewis negotiated the legal consequences of their narrative experiments with libel and defamation in key romans à clef like Ulysses and The Apes of God. Both drew heavily on their own lives—as well as those of nearly everyone they knew—to launch a deliberate critique of the moral, aesthetic, and legal divide between fact and fiction. This forms, in fact, a fundamental aspect of their high modernist aesthetics. The interpenetration of world and text in their major works, however, also led both men into often grave legal trouble, putting their books in limbo and, in Lewis’s case, leading to a seemingly endless string of crippling lawsuits. Far from purely extraliterary events, these legal entanglements are instead an organizing component of the works themselves: the core element of a largely forgotten modernism structured around social, aesthetic, and legal contests between fiction and reality. Forged and circulated in this complex field of force, this chapter examines the ways these experimental texts not only exploit the ambiguities of libel law but are themselves inevitably constrained by its potent ability to adjudicate fact and thereby define the limits of fiction.
Open source software for disaster management (2007)

Evaluating how the Sahana disaster information system coordinates disparate institutional and technical resources in the wake of the Indian Ocean tsunami.
Enhanced RF to DC converter with LC resonant circuit (2015)

Presented in this paper is an experimental comparison of the conventional and proposed design circuit of a radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting. RF to DC energy harvester simply consists of antenna and rectifier block for receiving electromagnetic radiation signal and to produce a DC voltage, respectively. In addition to this conventional circuit, the proposed design includes LC tank circuit as receiving block of a well-designed antenna radio frequency receiver. Proper choice of an antenna type, realizing of point contact Germanium diodes as rectifier and correct design values for the LC passive components, greatly improved the measurement of the maximum output power, giving approximately a 100% increase compared to the conventional method. Experimental results of the enhanced RF to DC converter measured a maximum output power of 1.80 mWat a distance of 77.84 meters from a TV signal tower operating at 165 MHz.Thus, the harvested signal was enough to supply a low power wireless device applications without battery maintenance.
The future of graphene is now (2014)

[Rune Wendelbo] explained that carbon is a necessary evil in batteries but added that graphene could be used as a graphite substitute as a conductive scaffold in the cathode, as an anode material, as an additive to other anode materials (such as silicon) or as a current collector coating.

Calevia sets a clear example to the world [of] how graphene technologies serve humanity, Grafoid CEO, Gary Economo, said on announcing the partnership. As a business, the MesoGraf-based therapy we aim to bring to market leaves us well positioned with the potential to re-define the treatment for tumorous cancers, he added.

Dr Siva Bohm, principal scientist at Tata Steel, outlined the cost of graphene when talking about the development of graphene steel coatings at Graphene Live! 2014, saying that the raw material cost as well as application costs are a prominent consideration in Tata Steel's research and development in this space.
THE ACTION OF THE NOTCH LOCUS IN <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i>. II. BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF RECESSIVE LETHALS ON MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYMES (1981)

We show that six mapped recessive lethal point mutations of the Notch locus affect mitochondrial enzyme activities: NADH oxidase, NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. The mutant N264-40, which has the same morphological and embryological effects as the Notch8 deletion, demonstrates the same biochemical effects and dosage relations as Notch8. The other five mapped recessive lethals also affect four enzymic activities. They show specific patterns of activity that depend in several cases on the wild-type chromosome in the heterozygous females. That effect occurs with mutants located in the extreme right part of the Notch locus where some mutations, according to other authors, show temperature-sensitive expression.
Analysis of the Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Genes <i>IRS1</i>, <i>KCNJ11</i>, and <i>PPARG2</i> in Type 1 Diabetes (2004)

It has been proposed that type 1 and 2 diabetes might share common pathophysiological pathways and, to some extent, genetic background. However, to date there has been no convincing data to establish a molecular genetic link between them. We have genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes in a large type 1 diabetic family collection of European descent: Gly972Arg in the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene, Glu23Lys in the potassium inwardly-rectifying channel gene (KCNJ11), and Pro12Ala in the peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor gamma2 gene (PPARG2). We were unable to confirm a recently published association of the IRS1 Gly972Arg variant with type 1 diabetes. Moreover, KCNJ11 Glu23Lys showed no association with type 1 diabetes (P > 0.05). However, the PPARG2 Pro12Ala variant showed evidence of association (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.28, P = 0.008). Additional studies need to be conducted to confirm this result.