gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved specular highlights with adaptive shading (2002)

Gouraud shading and Phong shading are widely used interpolation methods to render a polygon mesh of a curved surface. When an illumination equation has a specular reflection term Phong shading produces more realistic results than Gouraud shading. The specular highlights produced by Phong shading give visual information about surface geometry and properties. But it is not implemented in most graphics workstations and software renderers due to its computational expense. This paper introduces an adaptive shading method that produces Phong-shaded quality images for a small increase in rendering time using Gouraud shading systems. Higher quality images can be obtained from existing graphics hardware or software through a simple modification of the application or library.
High-Frequency, Long-Range Coupling Between Prefrontal and Visual Cortex During Attention (2009)

Electrical recordings in humans and monkeys show attentional enhancement of evoked responses and gamma synchrony in ventral stream cortical areas. Does this synchrony result from intrinsic activity in visual cortex or from inputs from other structures? Using paired recordings in the frontal eye field (FEF) and area V4, we found that attention to a stimulus in their joint receptive field leads to enhanced oscillatory coupling between the two areas, particularly at gamma frequencies. This coupling appeared to be initiated by FEF and was time-shifted by about 8 to 13 milliseconds across a range of frequencies. Considering the expected conduction and synaptic delays between the areas, this time-shifted coupling at gamma frequencies may optimize the postsynaptic impact of spikes from one area upon the other, improving cross-area communication with attention.
Performance Characteristics of High Efficiency Fluid and Blood Warmer using Print Circuit Board Heater at Various Flow Rates (2006)

Background: Currently available warming devices are often heavy and cumbersome, requiring development of more portable, user friendly, high efficiency fluid and blood warmer. The intravenous fluid heating capabilities of a new, heat-plate print circuit board (PCB) based warmer at various low flow rates were tested.
An Image Processing System For Autonomous Vehicle (1990)

We developed an image processing system for autonomus vehicle. This system can detect white lines which are drawn on the paved road and a obstacle. This system is based on the video-rate image process-ing system IDATEN that we have developed. Therefore, this system can perform white line detection and obstacle detection at video-rate. White lines are detected as follows: First, a input image is converted to binary image and divide each area. Then, white lines are identified with the size of the area and the trace of the area. A obstacle is detected as follows: First, edge images are extracted from input stereo images and the distance of image-matching portions for edge images are detected. Then, a obstacle is identified with the detected distance and the position of the white lines.
Interaction of metallized tubules with electromagnetic radiation (1990)

Several diacetylenic lecithins form tubular microstructures (tubules) when their liposomes are cooled through the chain-melting transition. Recently, the tubules have been metal plated by an electroless technique. This paper reports on the interaction of permalloy coated tubules with electromagnetic radiation. At 10 vol % loading of tubules in an epoxy matrix has a real dielectric constant ε′≊50 at a frequency of 9.5 GHz. Simple electrodynamics accounts well for the observed results. Far higher values of ε′ may be achievable with longer tubules and with improved metal coatings.
An Investigation into Detector Limitations Using Evaporative Light-Scattering Detectors For Pharmaceutical Applications (2004)

Evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an alternative technology to low-wavelength UV analysis that is often employed when compounds lack sufficient absorptivity. Although ELSD provides an additional detector option for liquid chromatographers, studies in our laboratory indicate analyte properties may adversely affect the ability to detect certain molecules. In this investigation, a series of low-molecular-weight compounds of pharmaceutical interest are evaluated with two commercially available ELSDs. It is observed that melting point is a useful analyte property to consider in optimizing ELSD detectors. The melting point of the analyte should be significantly higher than what the compound will experience in the nebulizer/evaporator chambers to achieve the best analyte response. It is found that some analytes could not be distinguished from the evaporated mobile phase background when ELSD temperatures exceed the melting point of the compound. Though useful for many applications and of particular interest for compounds that are weak chromophores, ELSD falls short of being a "universal detector" technology. In addition to boiling points of mobile phase components, scientists should also consider the melting point and volatility of the analyte(s) when optimizing ELSD response.
Predictors of fibrostenotic Crohnʼs disease (2011)

Intestinal fibrosis is a common and serious complication of Crohn's disease (CD) and as it can occur at any time during the disease course, it is crucial to identify patients at risk. The aim is not only to understand the pathophysiology of fibrogenesis but to be able to accurately inform subjects about their disease course, design future trials of potentially useful antifibrotic therapies, and, most important, identify those CD patients at risk, with the view to early, more aggressive medical therapy. This review summarizes the current status of our understanding and ability to predict fibrostenosing CD. The review encompasses three distinct areas: genetic variants, clinical phenotypes, and serologic markers in order to develop a conceptual framework for an understanding of fibrostenotic CD. It also aims to highlight where our knowledge is insufficient in order to identify areas that require future research.
New Organic Semiconductor Based on Tetrathiafulvalene and Squarate Radical Ions: Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization (2000)

A new organic semiconductor has been synthesized by combination of squaric acid radical anions, tetrathiafulvalene radical cations, and tetrathiafulvalene neutral molecules. Electrochemistry was utilized to oxidize the two reagents and to crystallize the material, which grew in rosettes of needles (see Figure). The semiconducting behavior is concluded to arise from interactions along the tetrathiafulvalene stacks.
Synthetic Nucleosides and Nucleotides. 43. Inhibition of Vertebrate Telomerases by Carbocyclic Oxetanocin G (C.OXT-G) Triphosphate Analogues and Influence of C.OXT-G Treatment on Telomere Length in Human HL60 Cells (2006)

Telomerase, responsible for telomere synthesis, is expressed in approximately 90% of human tumor cells but seldom in normal somatic cells. In this study, inhibition by carbocyclic oxetanocin G triphosphate (C. OXT-GTP) and its analogues was investigated in order to clarify the susceptibility of telomerase to various nucleotide analogues. C. OXT-GTP competitively inhibited telomerase activity with respect to dGTP However, C. OXT-GTP had a potent inhibitory effect on DNA polymerase alpha. It was examined whether the nucleoside (C. OXT-G) was able to alter telomere length in cultured human HL60 cells. Contrary to expectation, long-term treatment with 10 microM C. OXT-G was found to cause telomere lengthening.
Flexible intramedullary nailing for stabilization of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: Technique and results in 87 patients (2007)

Flexible intramedullary nailing, a minimally invasive technique for stabilization of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures, has minor risks and complications.
Volumetric image-guidance: Does routine usage prompt adaptive re-planning? An institutional review (2008)

Routine use of volumetric image-guidance has in our practice increased the demand for adaptive re-planning. Volumetric CBCT image-guidance provides sufficient imaging information to reliably predict the need for dose adjustment. In the vast majority of cases evaluated, the initial and adapted dose-volume parameters differed to a degree that was considered clinically significant.
Terabit Burst Switching (1997)

This report summarizes progress on Washington University's Terabit Burst Switching Project, supported by DARPA and Rome Air Force Laboratory. This project seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of Burst Switching, a new data communication service which can more effectively exploit the large bandwidths becoming available in WDM transmission systems, than conventional communication technologies like ATM and IP-based packet switching. Burst switching systems dynamically assign data bursts to channels in optical data links, using routing information carried in parallel control channels. The project will lead to the construction of a demonstration switch with throughput exceeding 200 Gb/s and scalable to over 10 Tb/s.
10‐Hydroxy‐2‐decenoic Acid, a Major Fatty Acid from Royal Jelly, Inhibits VEGF‐Induced Angiogenesis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (2007)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is reported to be a potent pro-angiogenic factor that plays a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Royal jelly (RJ) is a honeybee product containing various proteins, sugars, lipids, vitamins and free amino acids. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10HDA), a major fatty acid component of RJ, is known to have various pharmacological effects; its antitumor activity being especially noteworthy. However, the mechanism underlying this effect is unclear. We examined the effect of 10HDA on VEGF-induced proliferation, migration and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our findings showed that, 10HDA at 20 microM or more significantly inhibited such proliferation, migration and tube formation. Similarly, 10 microM GM6001, a matrix metalloprotease inhibitor, prevented VEGF-induced migration and tube formation. These findings indicate that 10HDA exerts an inhibitory effect on VEGF-induced angiogenesis, partly by inhibiting both cell proliferation and migration. Further experiments will be needed to clarify the detailed mechanism.
Route to Three-Dimensional Metallized Microstructures Using Cross-Linkable Epoxide SU-8 (2007)

Distortion-free metallized three-dimensional (3D) microstructures can be created by multiphoton direct laser writing using SU-8 followed by surface-catalyzed electroless deposition. The approach provides a route to 3D micrometer-scale structures and devices having useful electronic, photonic, and electromechanical function, based on a pre-polymer that is widely applied for such applications.
Enzymatic Synthesis of <scp>l</scp> -Carnitine by Reduction of an Achiral Precursor: the Problem of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Recycling (1980)

Synthesis of l-carnitine has been carried out by the enzymatic reduction of the carbonyl group of the achiral precursor 3-dehydrocarnitine with the oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked carnitine dehydrogenase. Various enzymatic or chemical systems have been tested to regenerate the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized in the reduction of 3-dehydrocarnitine. Because of the instability of this compound in aqueous solutions, it was added by continuous feeding as a rate-limiting constituent in the reaction mixture. Under these conditions, conversion yields of 95% were achieved with the glucose plus glucose dehydrogenase system. A total number of 530 reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide recyclings was obtained with this system for a production of 45 g of l-carnitine per liter. The stabilities of the oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide have been determined at various pH values. In view of these results, several possible strategies for enzymatic syntheses with the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as a regenerable coenzyme are discussed.
Low-pressure CMP for 300-mm ultra low-k (k=1.6-1.8)/Cu integration (2004)

Toward the 45 nm technology node, multilevel Cu dual-damascene interconnects with hybrid-structure low-k ILDs (inter-line dielectrics) consisting of porous MSQ (methyl silsesquioxane) (k<1.6-1.8) and organic polymer films are successfully integrated on 300 mm wafers for the first time with a low-pressure CMP and dummy pattern technology, which supports the poor mechanical properties of ultra low-k films.
Selective silylation and plasma patterning of photoresist in submicron lithography (2002)

Recent results concerning selective vapor-phase silylation on conventional photoresists and subsequent pattern delineation of modified resists using reactive ion etching are presented. Four resist design guidelines for improved image contrast and resolution in submicron silylation lithography are introduced, the key mechanisms are discussed, the nonlinear resist development behavior is described, and an integrated model for selective silylation lithography is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Super-Hydrophobic Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dot-Polymer Composites with High Stability and Luminescent Efficiency for Wide Color Gamut White Light-Emitting Diodes (2019)

We present a novel composite strategy to enhance the stability of water-sensitive CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) by embedding the QDs into the super-hydrophobic porous organic polymer frameworks (CPB@SHFW). The CPB@SHFW composites not only preserve a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY ≈ 60%) and narrow band emission (full width at half-maximum ≈ 16 nm) but also inherit the outstanding water-resistant property of SHFW to protect the QDs from hydrolytic degradation. The PLQY of the composites was maintained at 91% (PLQY ≈ 54.3%) of the initial one (PLQY ≈ 60%) after being immersed in water for 31 days. Even after being immersed in water for 6 months, the CPB@SHFW composites still retain a bright green emission. In addition, super-hydrophobic perovskite QD-polymer composites (IPQDs@SHFW) with tunable and bright emission were prepared by using suitable halide salts. A white light-emitting diode (WLED) device was prepared by combining green-emitting CPB@SHFW composites and red-emitting K2SiF6:Mn4+ phosphors with a blue LED chip. The device exhibits a high luminous efficiency of 50 lm/W and a wide color gamut (127% of the National Television System Committee and 95% Rec. 2020). This work provides an alternative approach to solve the challenging stability issue of perovskite QDs; therefore, it has a positive implication for their practical application in liquid crystal display backlights.
Extraction of Natural Products from Plants – An Introduction (2011)

Natural products extraction is well established in food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry with fast growing rates. The production chain starts with agriculture, followed by crude extraction and purification. In order to obtain highest yields all three steps are discussed and as an example the separation of oleanoic and unsolic acid from sage has been given. A special focus is on solvent regulations with edibles and other foods.
Effect of systemic venous pressure on drainage of lymph from thoracic duct (1963)

In acute experiments on the anesthetized dog, partial or complete occlusion of the left innominate vein resulting in a rise of pressure in the venous territory into which the thoracic duct drains, commensurate with the venous pressure rise seen in congestive heart failure, reduces the flow of lymph in the thoracic duct. This decrease in thoracic duct lymph flow is due, at least partially, to the accumulation of lymph in the lymphatic system and possibly the intercellular spaces. The present acute experiments suggest the possibility that this factor may play a role in the genesis of the systemic edema of chronic congestive heart failure, although only chronic experiments now under way will permit definitive conclusions.
Construction and Hardware-Efficient Decoding of Raptor Codes (2011)

Raptor codes are a class of concatenated codes composed of a fixed-rate precode and a Luby-transform (LT) code that can be used as rateless error-correcting codes over communication channels. These codes have the atypical features of dynamic code-rate, highly irregular Tanner graph check-degree distribution, random LT-code structure, and LT-precode concatenation, which render a hardware-efficient decoder implementation achieving good error-correcting performance a challenging task. In this paper, the design of hardware-efficient Raptor decoders with good performance is addressed through joint optimizations targeting 1) the code construction, 2) decoding schedule, and 3) decoder architecture. First, random encoding is decoupled by developing a two-stage LT-code construction scheme that embeds structural features in the LT-graph that are amenable to efficient implementation while guaranteeing good performance. An LT-aware LDPC precode construction methodology that ensures architectural-compatibility with the structured LT code is also proposed. Second, a decoding schedule is optimized to reduce memory cost and account for processing workload-variability caused by the varying code rate. Third, to address the problems of check-degree irregularity and hardware underutilization, a novel reconfigurable check unit that attains a constant throughput while processing a varying number of LT and LDPC nodes is presented. These design steps collectively are employed to generate serial and partially-parallel decoder architectures. A Raptor code instance constructed using the proposed method having LT data-block length of 1210 is shown to outperform or closely match the performance of conventional LDPC codes over the code-rate range [0.4, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> / <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ]. The corresponding hardware serial decoder is synthesized using 65-nm CMOS technology and achieves a throughput of 22 Mb/s at rate 0.4 for a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> , dissipates an average power of 222 mW at 1.2 V, and occupies an area of 1.77mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Effect of intramammary injection of rboGM-CSF on milk levels of chemiluminescence activity, somatic cell count, and Staphylococcus aureus count in Holstein cows with S. aureus subclinical mastitis. (2004)

The effect of intramammary injection of recombinant bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rboGM-CSF, 400 microg/10 mL) on quarter milk levels of chemiluminescence (CL) activity, and somatic cell count (SCC) and shedding pattern of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. Ten Holstein cows, naturally infected with S. aureus were used, with either early-stage or late-stage subclinical mastitis. Injection of rboGM-CSF caused a remarkable increase in milk CL activity with a peak at 6 h after the cytokine injection in the early- and late-stage groups. In the early-stage group, milk SCC stayed around preinjection level at 6 h, rose significantly on days 1 and 2, and was followed by a smooth and significant decline to an under preinjection level (below 200 000 cells/mL) on day 7 postinjection. Alternatively, in the late-stage group, milk SCC rose significantly at 6 h after the cytokine injection and maintained high levels thereafter. The milk S. aureus count decreased drastically by the cytokine injection in the early-stage group. The bacterial count was moderately decreased in the late-stage group, but increased back to preinoculation levels on day 7 after the cytokine injection. The results suggest that the rboGM-CSF has a potential as a therapeutic agent for S. aureus infection causing subclinical mastitis of dairy cows, if the cytokine is applied at the initial stage of infection.
Optimal Design of a Micro Series Elastic Actuator (2010)

We propose using series elastic actuation (SEA) in micro mechanical devices to achieve precise control of the interaction forces. Using μSEA for force control removes the need for high-precision force sensors/actuators and allows for accurate force control through simple position control of the deflection of a compliant coupling element. Since the performance of a μSEA is highly dependent on the design of this compliant coupling element, we employ a design optimization framework to design this element. In particular, we propose a compliant, under-actuated half-pantograph mechanism as a feasible kinematic structure for this coupling element. Then, we consider multiple design objectives to optimize the performance of this compliant mechanism through dimensional synthesis, formulating an optimization problem to study the trade-offs between these design criteria. We optimize the directional manipulability of the mechanism, simultaneously with its task space stiffness, using a Pareto-front based framework. We select an optimal design by studying solutions on the Pareto-front curve and considering the linearity of the stiffness along the actuation direction as a secondary design criteria. The optimized mechanism possesses high manipulability and low stiffness along the movement direction of the actuator; hence, achieves a large stroke with high force resolution. At the same time, the mechanism has low manipulability and high stiffness along the direction perpendicular to the actuator motion, ensuring good disturbance rejection characteristics. We model the behavior of this compliant mechanism and utilize this model to synthesize a controller for μSEA to study its dynamic response. Simulated closed loop performance of the μSEA with optimized coupling element indicates that force references can be tracked without significant overshoot and with low tracking error (about 1.1%) even for periodic reference signals.
Azoospermia in rabbits following an intravas injection of Vasalgel ™ (2016)

This study indicated that Vasalgel is an effective non-hormonal long-acting male contraceptive in a rabbit model.
Pretreatment with intraluminal rapamycin nanoparticle perfusion inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in a rabbit vein graft model (2010)

Pretreatment with intraluminal RAP-PLGA-NP perfusion may inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in vein grafts by penetrating into local tissue and limiting cell proliferation.
Pulsed-Laser Excited Differential Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy (1992)

This paper describes a differential photothermal optical absorbance apparatus that uses two excitation beams at different wavelengths. A single probe beam monitors the difference in heats generated by the two wavelengths. The theory is developed for the operational principles of the apparatus, and theoretical signals are compared with those obtained with a conventional absorption spectrophotometer. The differential photothermal apparatus has a theoretical advantage over conventional spectrophotometry for samples with less than unit absorbance. Experiments are described which verify the operating principles and demonstrate the flexibility of the apparatus.