gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of short-term endotoxemia and dopamine on mucosal oxygenation in porcine jejunum (1996)

Effects of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (2 micrograms.kg-1.20 min-1; LPS), given systemically (S) or via superior mesenteric artery (M), and consecutive dopamine infusion (16 micrograms.kg-1.20 min-1) on jejunal mucosal tissue O2 tension (PO2muc) and serosal tissue O2 tension (PO2ser; Clark-type surface electrodes) and jejunal mucosal microvascular hemoglobin O2 saturation (HbO2muc; tissue reflectance spectrophotometry) were investigated in a hemodynamically stable pig model. Twenty-one pigs were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated. After laparotomy, a mesenteric venous catheter was inserted and a jejunal antimesenteric enterotomy performed. LPS-infused animals developed similar degrees of pulmonary hypertension. No differences in cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure between groups were found. PO2muc and HbO2muc were significantly lower in M animals compared with control (C) [210 min; PO2muc: 7.12 +/- 1.81 (M), 19.01 +/- 3.12 mmHg (C); HbO2muc: 28.78 +/- 3.36 (M), 49.09 +/- 3.84% (C)], whereas S animals ranged in between (PO2muc: 13.36 +/- 2.2 mmHg; HbO2muc: 40.68 +/- 4.43%). Of measured PO2muc values, 12.6 (C), 20.6 (S), and 46.3% (M) ranged from 0 to 5 mmHg. PO2ser was lower in LPS animals compared with control [59.43 +/- 5.4 (C), 45.00 +/- 6.12 (S), 47.33 +/- 4.34 (M) mmHg]. Dopamine increased PO2muc and HbO2muc to similar absolute values and significantly decreased frequency of PO2muc (0-5 mmHg) in M animals. We conclude that LPS impairs mucosal tissue oxygenation independently of systemic hemodynamics. Mucosal microvascular dysfunction depends on regional LPS concentrations. Under conditions of compromised tissue oxygenation, dopamine significantly improves PO2muc and HbO2muc.
Combined Longitudinal and Lateral Controller Design for a Vehicle with Radar Sensors (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">We consider a vehicle-roadway system where the control of vehicle movement is based on the instrumentation located both in the vehicle and the roadway. In addition to the sensors which are used for obtaining the information on the vehicle, a radar based sensor system is used for providing information on the position of the car relative to a vehicle ahead, and with respect to a reflective strip placed on the road. The roadway traffic includes standard vehicles with no automatic control as well as the vehicles with automatic control units. Communication between the vehicles is not considered. For longitudinal control, we consider an Radar Based Cruise Control problem where the main goal is to maintain a desired speed set by the driver. At the same time, the controller will decelerate the vehicle if the distance and/or the relative speed between the controlled vehicle and the vehicles traveling in front are below certain limits. In lateral control, on the other hand, the objective is to follow a reflective stripe placed on the roadway pavement. An automatic steering controller will steer the vehicle according to the position of the vehicle relative to the reflector stripe.</div>
Ceramic IF filters for consumer products (1968)

Ceramic filters offer a number of performance and compatibility advantages in solid-state consumer IF circuits; and they have recently become economically competitive with the conventional LC approach. This article surveys the different types of ceramic filters, as well as their properties and applications, including reports of some new network approaches regarding spurious suppression and application in integrated circuits.
<tt>staq</tt> —A full-stack quantum processing toolkit (2020)

Abstract We describe staq , a full-stack quantum processing toolkit written in standard C++. staq is a quantum compiler toolkit, comprising of tools that range from quantum optimizers and translators to physical mappers for quantum devices with restricted connectives. The design of staq is inspired from the UNIX philosophy of ‘less is more’, i.e. staq achieves complex functionality via combining (piping) small tools, each of which performs a single task using the most advanced current state-of-the-art methods. We also provide a set of illustrative benchmarks.
A Prototype System for Atmospheric Visibility Estimation Based on Image Analysis and Learning (2014)

Visibility plays an important role in transportation, communication, agriculture, industry and so on. It is also an indication of air quality. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a prototype system for estimating visibility quantitatively based on image analysis and learning. Firstly, an image of measured scene including objects and their background was captured by conventional video camera and the image features were extracted from spatial and frequency domain respectively. Secondly, SVR (Support Vector Regression) model was dynamically produced with the training set according to the image. Lastly, visibility of the image was calculated by SVR model with its features as input vector. A ground truth dataset covering the whole range is used to evaluate the performance of the system and the experimental results show that the system has both simple operation and high accuracy, and it is stable enough to be applied for the whole range of visibility in practical applications.
Modeling Method for Lead-acid Battery Simulation Using Step Changing Current (2008)

This paper proposes a new simulation model of lead-acid battery characteristics and a modeling method using step changing current. Battery simulation model is necessary to simulate the photovoltaic systems with batteries. The proposed model considers the nonlinearity of internal resistance and includes 36 constants that can be determined by only 4 cycles of charge/discharge test. This paper clearly reports the measuring method and the modeling procedure of the battery characteristics. The result of verification test using charge/discharge pattern that assumes the photovoltaic system shows 1.0% of mean absolute error ratio of simulated power at 17deg C and 32deg C of battery temperature.
Intra-articular Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for the Human Joint: A Systematic Review (2017)

This review provides strong evidence that autologous intra-articular MSC therapy is safe, with generally positive clinical outcomes.
Dynamic magnetic anisotropy at the onset of exchange bias: The<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ir</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>ferromagnet/antiferromagnet system (2004)

The strength of exchange bias and rotatable anisotropy in polycrystalline $\mathrm{Ni}\mathrm{Fe}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ir}\mathrm{Mn}$ ferromagnet/antiferromagnet systems is quantified from dc down to the picosecond time scale by regular quasistatic and microwave magnetometry, as well as magnetic domain observation. A transition from superparamagnetic to antiferromagnetic behavior with increasing IrMn thickness is derived from the magnetic resonance frequency and the effective magnetic damping parameter. A discrepancy between magnetic loop shift and dynamically obtained exchange bias strength is explained by asymmetric rotatable anisotropy contributions with different relaxation times in the antiferromagnetic layer. The time-dependent relaxation is directly confirmed by magnetic domain observations. Partially switching in the IrMn layer even with strong exchange bias is concluded. The increase of coercivity rises solely from the rotatable anisotropy contribution.
Computational study of a MEMS-based catalyzed micro-thruster with homogeneous chemical reaction (2007)

Miniaturized satellites have attracted numerous interests recently due to their increasing demands for space missions. In contrast to traditional satellites, the operations of the nano-scale or even pico-scale satellites require extremely low levels of thrust and precise spatial maneuverings. Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) technology has demonstrated great potentials in various industrial applications such as automobile, electronics, medicine, and life science fields, etc. and is well-suitable to meet the fabrication requirements of a micro-thruster. Furthermore, the liquid catalyst-based micro-propulsion system which is driven by the catalytic decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide (H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) with the catalysis of an aqueous ferrous chloride (FeCl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) solution is proposed under the considerations of the advantages of simplicity, high reliability, fewer external power input, the prevention of aging problem of heterogeneous catalyst, and environmentally friendly nature. However, the experiment of the liquid catalyst-based micro-propulsion system is difficult because the development of the fabrication processes for micro-thruster will take much time, and the problem of the tube connection and the control of the excessively small flow rate are not overcome easily. Thus, the numerical simulation was utilized to study the micro-thruster in this preliminary investigation. Due to the immaturity of the current numerical study of the heterogeneous chemical reaction, the numerical simulation of the chemical reaction in micro-thruster is simplified to homogenous chemical reaction. Two 2-D computational models which consist of an injector, reaction chamber and nozzle, as well as are referred as the M1 and M2, respectively, were used in this study. The numerical solutions are based on solving the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, and species transport. Simulation results showed that the average temperature, oxygen concentration, and velocity of M2 model at outlet were higher than those of M1. The differences of the parameters described above between M1 and M2 increased as the temperatures of inlets rose. These meant that the hydrogen peroxide consumption in M2 was higher than that in M1, i.e. the performance of M2 model was better than M1’s. Besides, the effect of the variation in positions where the ferrous chloride is injected was very small in M2 model. Also the different ratios of mass flow rate of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and aqueous ferrous chloride solution were calculated in this study. The results showed that the performance of the mass flow rate ration of 3:1 was the best, 1:1 was middle, and 7:1 was the worst.
Ultra small hearing aid electronic packaging enabled by chip-in-flex (2014)

There has been enormous worldwide effort to increase the volumetric efficiency of electronic packaging. Much of this effort has been driven by the telecommunications industry that has succeeded in reducing cell phone size while simultaneously increasing functionality. The hearing aid business has always had the need to use extremely small electronic packaging because hearing aids pack electronics into the ear canal. In fact, in 1952 the first commercial device to make use of transistors was the hearing aid. In recent years hearing aid microelectronic packaging has been moving from ceramic hybrid-based packaging to flexible circuit based technologies. The introduction of wireless systems in hearing aids has sharply increased component count from less than 20 per device in 2005 to more than 70 in 2010. Due to the size and shape of a multitude of types of hearing aids, flexible circuits need to be folded and bent to fit inside hearing aid cases. All available space is essentially used. Additionally, more powerful processors and more memory are enabling sophisticated algorithms that are able to greatly improve sound quality. There continues to be a strong marketing desire to add more features to hearing products while at the same time making them smaller and less visible. These added features are further increasing component count and are the driving force behind the need to make smaller electronic assemblies. This paper will examine the use of embedded die packaging (or chip-in-flex) to drive significant further size reduction in custom and standard hearing instruments over what can be achieved using chip-on-flex or ceramic hybrid based technologies. The performance improvement, size reduction, changes in supply chain, impact on wafer test, impact on device test and challenges of working with wafers instead of die will be discussed. This paper will also discuss the results of extensive reliability testing including accelerated aging, thermal shock, pad integrity, drop tests, moisture sensitivity, ESD testing, light sensitivity and hearing aid assembly solder simulation testing.
Induction of <i>Bacillus brevis</i> L‐forms (1991)

L‐forms of Bacillus brevis were induced and maintained in L‐phase medium supplemented with inactivated horse serum with a combination of penicillin (80 u/ml) and cephalosporin (5 μg/ml) in liquid medium and penicillin (200 u/ml) in diphasic culture. These L‐forms failed to grow on solid media.
Fan-Out Wafer and Panel Level Packaging as Packaging Platform for Heterogeneous Integration (2019)

Fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP) is one of the latest packaging trends in microelectronics. Besides technology developments towards heterogeneous integration, including multiple die packaging, passive component integration in packages and redistribution layers or package-on-package approaches, larger substrate formats are also targeted. Manufacturing is currently done on a wafer level of up to 12"/300 mm and 330 mm respectively. For a higher productivity and, consequently, lower costs, larger form factors are introduced. Instead of following the wafer level roadmaps to 450 mm, panel level packaging (PLP) might be the next big step. Both technology approaches offer a lot of opportunities as high miniaturization and are well suited for heterogeneous integration. Hence, FOWLP and PLP are well suited for the packaging of a highly miniaturized energy harvester system consisting of a piezo-based harvester, a power management unit and a supercapacitor for energy storage. In this study, the FOWLP and PLP approaches have been chosen for an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) package development with integrated SMD (surface mount device) capacitors. The process developments and the successful overall proof of concept for the packaging approach have been done on a 200 mm wafer size. In a second step, the technology was scaled up to a 457 × 305 mm<sup>2</sup> panel size using the same materials, equipment and process flow, demonstrating the low cost and large area capabilities of the approach.
COSTEL system for human motion measurement and analysis (1990)

COSTEL is an integrated, automated system for the measurement of human motion. It is based on solid state cameras equipped with linear image transducers (2048-element CCD arrays) and toroidal lenses1. Each camera must be considered a one-dimensional sensor, which estimates the spatial position of a plane passing through the target point and the nodal axis of the lens. Thus, three cameras (3D unit) are necessary and sufficient to determine the spatial coordinates of a target Each 3D unit is connected to a personal computer (PC) by an interface board. The target points whose positions are to be measured (markers) consist of infrared light-emitting diodes (IR-LEDs) which are fired one at a time, in a sequence synchronized with the system operation. The calibration of a 3D unit is carried out by means of a frame, formed by 0.8 m aluminum bars, supporting up to 20 markers whose positions are known with precision. The use of this small (0.8 x 0.7 x 0.7 m) and light (5 Kg) calibration object is permitted by the previous, factory made, assessment of the optical distortion error associated with each camera. The various system operations (calibration, data collection, 3D marker trajectory reconstruction, etc.) are driven by suitable PC software. Application programs are available, permitting the biomechanical analysis of lower limb joints. The COSTEL system is able to track up to 20 markers at 125 Hz sampling frequency, or 10 markers at 250 Hz. The spatial resolution is 0.025% of the measurement field-width, the precision is 0.02%, the accuracy (maximum absolute error) is 0.1%. In an upgraded version of the system the resolution will be better than 0.01%, precision and accuracy will be enhanced accordingly. An outstanding feature of COSTEL is its low sensitivity to spurious light, reflections and other environmental noise. This feature is due to the reflection coefficients at the marker radiation light wavelength (820 rim), and to the camera signal conditioning.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Functions as a Metastasis Suppressor through Modulation of Tumor Cell Adhesion and Invasion (2008)

Collagenase-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-8, MMP-8) is an MMP mainly produced by neutrophils and associated with many inflammatory conditions. We have previously described that MMP-8 plays a protective role in cancer through its ability to regulate the inflammatory response induced by carcinogens. Moreover, it has been reported that experimental manipulation of the expression levels of this enzyme alters the metastatic behavior of human breast cancer cells. In this work, we have used mutant mice deficient in MMP-8 and syngenic melanoma and lung carcinoma tumor cells lines overexpressing this enzyme to further explore the putative antimetastatic potential of MMP-8. We report herein that MMP-8 prevents metastasis formation through the modulation of tumor cell adhesion and invasion. Thus, tumor cells overexpressing MMP-8 have an increased adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, whereas their invasive ability through Matrigel is substantially reduced when compared with control cells. Analysis of MMP-8 in breast cancer patients revealed that the expression of this metalloproteinase by breast tumors correlates with a lower incidence of lymph node metastasis and confers good prognosis to these patients. On this basis, we propose that MMP-8 is a tumor protective factor, which also has the ability to reduce the metastatic potential of malignant cells in both mice and human.
Field Tests of the Water/Liquid Oxygen Injection Process (1995)

Abstract Two field tests were done injecting a mixture of water and liquid oxygen near Graham, Texas. On the first test the results were on initial decrease in injection pressure and a 20% increase in production for 40 days. The oil field was an irregular six spot water flooded, Gun Sight Sand unconsolidated channel sand formation at a depth of 520 ft. (158 m.). In the second field test oil production increased 20% for 300 days, water injection pressure done on a batch basis increased from 0 to 230 psi (0 to 1590 kPa) to a range of 300 to 550 psi (2068 to 3790 kPa), and oil production from a deeper formation doubled. The oil field was an irregular, five spot, water flooded, Strawn Sand (consolidated sand with limestone formation at a depth of 1900 ft. (579 m.). These tests indicated the water/liquid oxygen process would be an economic success done on an going basis in similar oil formations.
Different Mechanisms of Inflammation Induced in Virus and Autoimmune-Mediated Models of Multiple Sclerosis in C57BL6 Mice (2013)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system (CNS). Neurotropic demyelinating strain of MHV (MHV-A59 or its isogenic recombinant strain RSA59) induces MS-like disease in mice mediated by microglia, along with a small population of T cells. The mechanism of demyelination is at least in part due to microglia-mediated myelin stripping, with some direct axonal injury. Immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mainly CD4(+) T-cell-mediated disease, although CD8(+) T cells may play a significant role in demyelination. It is possible that both autoimmune and nonimmune mechanisms such as direct viral toxicity may induce MS. Our study directly compares CNS pathology in autoimmune and viral-induced MS models. Mice with viral-induced and EAE demyelinating diseases demonstrated similar patterns and distributions of demyelination that accumulated over the course of the disease. However, significant differences in acute inflammation were noted. Inflammation was restricted mainly to white matter at all times in EAE, whereas inflammation initially largely involved gray matter in acute MHV-induced disease and then is subsequently localized only in white matter in the chronic disease phase. The presence of dual mechanisms of demyelination may be responsible for the failure of immunosuppression to promote long-term remission in many MS patients.
AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors with Inclined-Gate-Recess Structure (2006)

We have studied an inclined-gate-recess structure in order to clarify the effect of increasing the electric field in the channel. Two-dimensional device simulation has revealed that the electric field and the electron velocity in the channel have increased by the inclined-gate-recess structure, which leads to an improvement of gm. AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with inclined-gate-recess have been fabricated. Improved gm and fT have been obtained, which confirms the importance of increasing the electric field in the channel.