gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wellbore Stability Analysis In Porous CarbonateRocks Using Cap Models (2004)

It is well established that hydrocarbon wellbores fail under tension mode or shear compressive mode. Although there are sophisticated constitutive models that may represent the behavior of the rock, the lack of data available lead to the use of simple models such as elastic models with a failure criteria, and the DruckerPrager or Mohr-Coulomb elastic-plastic models with associated or nonassociated flow rules. Recently, many studies have been published on the behavior of porous rocks. Mechanisms of pure compression failure (no shear) have been described. Cap plasticity models may represent the material pure compression failure. An experimental program and numerical simulations on porous carbonate rock from Campos Basin, offshore Brazil, carried out investigation on this phenomenon. The experimental program consisted on defining the hydrostatic strength of the rock through laboratory tests for stress paths that varied from hydrostatic to uniaxial. All tests followed paths below the shear line. Data from these tests was fitted to a cap plasticity model. Parameters obtained were used on stability analysis of a horizontal borehole drilled in the same field. A comparative study of the Mohr-Coulomb shear model and the cap model was carried out. The Mohr-Coulomb shear model pointed to stability of the borehole in the compressive mode, while the cap model indicated damage to the rock in the vicinity of the well.
Architecture of the Yeast Cell Wall (1995)

To isolate the putative linkage region between chitin and beta(1-->3)-glucan, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls were digested with beta(1-->3)-endoglucanase and the reducing ends of the enzyme-resistant glucose chain stubs were labeled by reduction with borotritide. The radioactive material was further digested with exochitinase to remove the bulk of the chitin, and the liberated oligosaccharides were fractionated on a sizing column. A single peak (compound I) was found to consist of N-acetylglucosamine, glucose, and glucitol residues in the ratio 1:2:1. By digestion with beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and by NMR spectroscopy, N-acetylglucosamine was identified as the nonreducing terminus, linked to laminaritriitol by a beta(1-->4) bond. Five additional oligosaccharides were recovered, two being analogs of compound I, with 1 or 3 glucose units, respectively; the remaining three were shown to be the reduced analogs of laminaribiose, laminaritriose, and laminaritetraose. The presence of N-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharides arises from the activity of chitinase in cleaving 2 sugar units sequentially in those chains containing an odd number of N-acetylglucosamine residues; correspondingly, oligosaccharides containing only glucose and sorbitol derived from even-numbered chitin chains, a result implying that chitinase can hydrolyze the linkage between N-acetylglucosamine and glucose. It is concluded that the terminal reducing residue of a chitin chain is attached to the nonreducing end of a beta(1-->3)-glucan chain by a beta(1-->4) linkage. Experiments with appropriate mutants showed that synthesis of the chitin combined with glucan is catalyzed by chitin synthetase 3. The timing and possible mechanism of formation of the chitin-glucan linkage is discussed.
Reversal of allodynia and neurophysiological outcomes by CX-8998, a potent, selective T-type calcium channel modulator, in a model of bortezomib induced peripheral neurotoxicity (S7.004) (2018)

To evaluate the efficacy of selective Cav3 antagonist CX-8998 in a model of chemotherapy induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN).
Implementation and Performance Analysis of the Role-Based Trust Management System, RT C (2010)

We present representations and algorithms for the implementation of RT C , a role-based trust management language, and announce an open-source implementation available to the public. We also design and perform large-scale performance tests on policies closely modeled after possible applications of RT in the real world. These tests aim to determine the viability of RT as an authorization solution for large and potentially complex policies in a decentralized environment; the results of the tests are analyzed to identify what policy characteristics most strongly affect the performance of RT and develop strategies to achieve the rapid response times required in real-world authorization systems.
Critical compressive stress for continuous fiber unidirectional composites (2012)

Dow and Rosen’s work in 1965 formed an intellectual framework for compressive strength of unidirectional composites. Compressive strength was explained in terms of micro-buckling, in which filaments are beams on an elastic foundation. While groundbreaking, the discrepancy between model predictions and observed compressive strength is well known. This study builds on Dow and Rosen’s model specifically with respect to the dominant shear mode instability. A new method that accounts for matrix thermal residual strain, matrix compressive and shear stresses, with associated reductions in tangent modulus due to matrix non-linearity, is proposed. The method is validated using a specific test case, which is conducted to precisely account for microscopic fiber alignment and matrix non-linearity. Accordingly, a method of measuring and accounting for a continuum of fiber misalignment is developed. Predictions are compared to literature values, with variations in fiber modulus, matrix modulus, and volume fraction. Good agreement is shown, both in terms of trend and magnitude. The approach successfully preserves initial in-plane shear stiffness, while showing that in-plane shear stiffness decreases significantly as compressive stress increases.
Purifieation of a Soluble, Sodium‐Nitroprusside‐Stimulated Guanylate Cyclase from Bovine Lung (1981)

A soluble, sodium-nitroprusside-stimulated guanylate cyclase as been purified from bovine lung by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography on Blue Sepharose CL-6B and preparative gel electrophoresis. Apparent homogeneity was obtained after at least 7000-fold purification with a yield of 3%. A single stained band (Mr 72000) was observed after gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The purified enzyme migrated as one band also under non-denaturing conditions in acrylamide gels (5-12%). The mobility of this band corresponded to an Mr of 145000. The enzyme sedimented on sucrose gradients with an S20, w of 7.0 S. Gel filtration yielded a Stokes' radius of 4.6 nm. These data suggest that the enzyme has an Mr of approximately 150000 and consists of two, presumably identical, subunits of Mr 72000. Sodium nitroprusside stimulated the purified enzyme 15-fold and 140-fold to specific activities of 8.5 and 15.7 mumol of cGMP formed min-1 mg-1 in the presence of Mn2+ and Mg2+, respectively. Formation of cGMP was proportional to the incubation time and to the amount of enzyme added. The stimulatory effect of sodium nitroprusside was half-maximal at about 2 microM, was observed immediately after addition and could be reversed either by dilution or by removal of sodium nitroprusside on a Sephadex G-25 column. The purified enzyme in the absence of catalase was stimulated by sodium nitroprusside, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 3-morpholino-sydnonimine and in the presence of catalase by sodium nitrite and sodium azide. In the presence of Mn2+ and sodium nitroprusside, the purified enzyme catalyzed the formation of cAMP from ATP at a rate of 0.6 mumol min-1 mg-1.
ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION WITH A SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE REGION OF GROWTH HORMONE: INCREASED LEAN TISSUE GROWTH (1991)

The effects of active immunization against a specific peptide region of GH (sequence 134-154) were examined in a species relevant for animal production in vivo. Peptide-immunized lambs exhibited significant increases in carcass protein and water contents and consequently increased carcass weight. The comparatively smaller increases in carcass water and protein contents which occurred in GH-treated lambs were offset by decreased fat accretion. Thus, even though peptide immunization improved lean tissue growth, it did not simply enhance all actions of GH or mimic exogenous hormone administration. This is the first definitive demonstration that endogenously produced antibody may enhance endogenous hormone activity and performance in animals.
Tracking a Detected Face with Dynamic Programming (2005)

In this paper we consider the problem of tracking of moving human face in front of a video camera in real-time for a Model-based coding (MBC) application. The 3D head tracking in a MBC system could be implemented sequentially as 2D location tracking, coarse 3D orientation estimation and accurate 3D motion estimation. This work focuses on the 2D location tracking of one subject face object through continuously using a face detector. The face detection scheme is based on a boosted cascade of simple Haar-like feature classifiers. Although such detector demonstrated rapid processing speed, high detection rate can only be achieved for rather strictly near front faces. This introduces the "loss of tracking" problem in 2D tracking when the face rotate a big angle. This paper suggests an easy accessory solution to overcomes the pose problem by using Dynamic Programming (DP). The Haar-like facial features are spatially arranging into a 1D deformable face graph and the DP matching is used to handle the "loss of track" problem. DP match the deformed version of the face graph extracted from a rotated face with the reference one took online when "loss of tracking" happen. Since the deformable face graph covers big pose variation, the developed technique is robust in tracking rotated faces. Embedding Haar-like facial features into a deformable face graph is the key feature of our tracking scheme. A real time tracking system based on this technique has been set up and tested. Encouraging results have been got and are reported.
Does pT2b prostate carcinoma exist? Critical appraisal of the 2002 TNM classification of prostate carcinoma (2004)

Taking into consideration the average weight of the prostate specimens (38 g), as well as the predominance of tumor multifocality, it would be unusual to identify tumors involving greater than one-half of 1 lobe (approximately an 8-cm(3) tumor) without involving the other lobe. The authors question the existence of a true pT2b tumor.
PD-L1 Binds to B7-1 Only <i>In Cis</i> on the Same Cell Surface (2018)

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-mediated immunosuppression regulates peripheral tolerance and is often co-opted by tumors to evade immune attack. PD-L1 binds to PD-1 but also binds to B7-1 (CD80) to regulate T-cell function. The binding interaction of PD-L1 with B7-1 and its functional role need further investigation to understand differences between PD-1 and PD-L1 tumor immunotherapy. We examined the molecular orientation of PD-L1 binding to B7-1 using cell-to-cell binding assays, ELISA, and flow cytometry. As expected, PD-L1-transfected cells bound to PD-1-transfected cells, and B7-1 cells bound to CD28 or CTLA-4-transfected cells; however, PD-L1 cells did not bind to B7-1 cells. By ELISA and flow cytometry with purified proteins, we found PD-L1 and B7-1 had a strong binding interaction only when PD-L1 was flexible. Soluble PD-1 and B7-1 competed for binding to PD-L1. Binding of native PD-L1 and B7-1 <i>in cis</i> on the same cell surface was demonstrated with NanoBiT proximity assays. Thus, PD-L1-B7-1 interaction can occur <i>in cis</i> on the same cell but not <i>in trans</i> between two cells, which suggests a model in which PD-L1 can bend via its 11-amino acid, flexible stalk to bind to B7-1 <i>in cis</i>, in a manner that can competitively block the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 or of B7-1 to CD28. This binding orientation emphasizes the functional importance of coexpression of PD-L1 and B7-1 on the same cell. We found such coexpression on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. Our findings may help better utilize these pathways in cancer immunotherapy. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 6(8); 921-9. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Bioconvertible vitamin antioxidants improve sunscreen photoprotection against UV-induced reactive oxygen species. (2004)

The ability of sunscreens and antioxidants to deactivate highly destructive reactive oxygen species in human skin has remained inconclusive. Two-photon fluorescence imaging microscopy was used to determine the effect of sunscreen/antioxidant combinations upon UV-induced ROS generation in ex vivo human skin. A sunscreen combination containing octylmethoxycinnamate (Parsol MCX) and avobenzone (Parsol 1789) at SPF 8 and SPF 15 was tested for its ability to prevent UV radiation from generating ROS in the viable epidermal strata of ex vivo human skin. A UV dose equivalent to two hours of North American solar UV was used to irradiate the skin. Each sunscreen reduced the amount of ROS induced in the viable strata by a value consistent with the SPF level. UV photons that were not absorbed/scattered by the sunscreen formulations generated ROS within the viable epidermal layers. The addition of the bioconvertible antioxidants vitamin E acetate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate (STAY-C 50) improves photoprotection by converting to vitamins E and C, respectively, within the skin. The bioconversion forms an antioxidant reservoir that deactivates the ROS generated (within the strata granulosum, spinosum, and basale) by the UV photons that the sunscreens do not block in the stratum corneum.
Time-Resolved X-Ray Powder Diffractometry Using Lihear Position-Sensitive Proportional Counters (1980)

Abstract Several examples of time-resolved X-ray powder diffraction studies with linear position-sensitive proportional counters (PSPC) are described. The changing patterns are recorded by spectrum multiplexing in a multichannel counter device. The time resolution for single processes is limited to seconds or tenths of seconds mainly because of the counting statistics of the observed peaks. Repetitive processes, however, where the interesting peaks can be accumulated over a large number of periods, permit much higher time resolution. It is finally determined by the timing of a detected X-ray quantum. Using a continuous beam source like a conventional X-ray tube the incidence of a photon into the PSPC can be timed with an accuracy of 20 ns (fwhm). A pulsed synchrotron radiation source, like a storage ring, will be able to define this resolution to its pulse duration, which is less than 200 ps. Before approaching those limits this paper presents the high temperature phase transformations in iron for different steel specimens as an example of single processes. It also discusses domain-wall effects and electrostriction in ferroelectric perovskites as a function of polarization at frequencies of up to 10 Hz, and elastic lattice distortions of a steel sheet vibrating at about 200 Hz. The timing limit of 20 ns for the PSPC detection system was measured at the storage ring DORIS at DESY, Hamburg.
Two-tier WBAN/WLAN healthcare networks; priority considerations (2012)

In this work, by bridging the IEEE 802.15.6-based WBANs and the IEEE 802.11e EDCA-based WLAN we develop a wireless healthcare network. We assign 8 WBAN User Priorities (UPs) to the WBAN nodes. By mapping the UPs into 4 WLAN Access Categories (ACs) we convey the medical data to the WLAN access point. We investigate the network performance under varying priority differentiation and number of nodes in the WLAN. We study the impacts of AC differentiation by Arbitrary Inter-Frame Space (AIFS) and Contention Window (CW) on the performance of WBAN and regular WLAN nodes. The results of this work indicate that differentiation by AIFS is more appropriate to preserve relative order of frame response times established in WBAN.
A sheath-less combined optical and impedance micro-cytometer (2014)

We describe a sheath-less micro-cytometer that measures four different parameters, namely fluorescence, large angle side scatter and dual frequency electrical impedance (electrical volume and opacity). The cytometer was benchmarked using both size and fluorescent bead standards and demonstrates excellent size accuracy (CVs ≤ 2.1%), sensitivity and dynamic range (3.5 orders of magnitude) at sample flow rates of 80 μL per minute. The cytometer was evaluated by analysing human blood, and a four part differential leukocyte assay for accurate CD4+ T-cell enumeration was demonstrated. The integration of impedance, fluorescence and side scatter into a single miniature cytometer platform provides the core information content of a classical cytometer in a highly compact, simple, portable and low cost format.
Saving periodontally "hopeless teeth" using calcium sulfate and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. (1998)

As the techniques of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and implant placement evolve, the decision of when a tooth should be saved using GTR, or extracted and an implant placed, becomes much more complicated. This article discusses treating teeth with GTR that have traditionally had hopeless prognoses.
Investigation the Physicochemical Properties and Stability of W/O Emulsion (2014)

Summary: The study aims to investigate the stability of W/O emulsions with respect to coalescence time. The various concentrations of water were dispersed in oil phase (soybean oil). The compositions of organic and aqueous phases were varied by adding emulsifier (Monoglyceride), sodium chloride and thickening agent (mango’s pulp). The technique employed for the mixing of two phases was homogenization. The Emulsion Stability Index (ESI), Viscosity changes, separation of organic and aqueous phases as a function of storage time have been studied. It has been found that monoglyceride increases the stability and decreases the emulsion stability index (ESI) and also decreases the viscosity changes with storage time while electrolytes and mango’s pulp encourage the coalescence process and enhance the instability of the system. On the other hand the system that contained all the organic and aqueous ingredients showed high stability.
NAD+-Metabolizing Ectoenzymes in Remodeling Tumor–Host Interactions: The Human Myeloma Model (2015)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is an essential co-enzyme reported to operate both intra- and extracellularly. In the extracellular space, NAD⁺ can elicit signals by binding purinergic P2 receptors or it can serve as the substrate for a chain of ectoenzymes. As a substrate, it is converted to adenosine (ADO) and then taken up by the cells, where it is transformed and reincorporated into the intracellular nucleotide pool. Nucleotide-nucleoside conversion is regulated by membrane-bound ectoenzymes. CD38, the main mammalian enzyme that hydrolyzes NAD⁺, belongs to the ectoenzymatic network generating intracellular Ca(2+)-active metabolites. Within this general framework, the extracellular conversion of NAD⁺ can vary significantly according to the tissue environment or pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests that tumor cells exploit such a network for migrating and homing to protected areas and, even more importantly, for evading the immune response. We report on the experience of this lab to exploit human multiple myeloma (MM), a neoplastic expansion of plasma cells, as a model to investigate these issues. MM cells express high levels of surface CD38 and grow in an environment prevalently represented by closed niches hosted in the bone marrow (BM). An original approach of this study derives from the recent use of the clinical availability of therapeutic anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in perturbing tumor viability and enzymatic functions in conditions mimicking what happens in vivo.
Calibration of an active binocular head (1998)

In this paper, we show how an active binocular head, the IIS head, can be easily calibrated with very high accuracy. Our calibration method can also be applied to many other binocular heads. In addition to the proposal and demonstration of a four-stage calibration process, there are three major contributions in this paper. First, we propose a motorized-focus lens (MFL) camera model which assumes constant nominal extrinsic parameters. The advantage of having constant extrinsic parameters is to having a simple head/eye relation. Second, a calibration method for the MFL camera model is proposed in this paper, which separates estimation of the image center and effective focal length from estimation of the camera orientation and position. This separation has been proved to be crucial; otherwise, estimates of camera parameters would be very noise-sensitive. Thirdly, we show that, once the parameters of the MFL camera model is calibrated, a nonlinear recursive least-square estimator can be used to refine all the 35 kinematic parameters. Real experiments have shown that the proposed method can achieve accuracy of one pixel prediction error and 0.2 pixel epipolar error, even when all the joints, including the left and right focus motors, are moved simultaneously. This accuracy is good enough for many 3D vision applications, such as navigation, object tracking and reconstruction.
Accumulation of MxB/Mx2-resistant HIV-1 Capsid Variants During Expansion of the HIV-1 Epidemic in Human Populations (2016)

Recent studies have identified human myxovirus resistance protein 2 (MxB or Mx2) as an interferon induced inhibitor of HIV-1 replication. However, whether HIV-1 can overcome MxB restriction without compromise of viral fitness has been undefined. Here, we have discovered that naturally occurring capsid (CA) variants can render HIV-1 resistant to the activity of MxB without losing viral infectivity or the ability to escape from interferon induction. Moreover, these MxB resistant HIV-1 variants do not lose MxB recognition. Surprisingly, MxB resistant CA variants are most commonly found in the Clade C HIV-1 that is the most rapidly expanding Clade throughout the world. Accumulation of MxB resistant mutations is also observed during HIV-1 spreading in human populations. These findings support a potential role for MxB as a selective force during HIV-1 transmission and evolution.
Morphologic and biochemical study of sternal cartilage autografts for resurfacing induced osteochondral defects in horses (1992)

Using biodegradable pins, sternal cartilage autografts were fixed into osteochondral defects of the distal radial carpal bone in ten 2 to 3-year-old horses. The defects measured 1 cm2 at the surface and were 4 mm deep. Control osteochondral defects of contralateral carpi were not grafted. After confinement for 7 weeks, horses were walked 1 hour daily on a walker for an additional 9 weeks. Horses were euthanatized at 16 weeks. Half of the repair tissue was processed for histologic and histochemical (H&E and safranin-O fast green) examinations. The other half was used for the following biochemical analyses: type-I and type-II collagen contents, total glycosaminoglycan content, and galactosamine-to-glucosamine ratio. On histologic examination, the repair tissue in the grafted defects consisted of hyaline-like cartilage. Repair tissue in the nongrafted defects consisted of fibrocartilaginous tissue, with fibrous tissue in surface layers. On biochemical analysis, repair tissue of grafted defects was composed predominantly of type-II collagen; repair tissue of non-grafted defects was composed of type-I collagen. Total glycosaminoglycan content of repair tissue of grafted defects was similar to that of normal articular cartilage. Total glycosaminoglycan content of nongrafted defects was 62% of that of normal articular cartilage (P less than 0.05). Repair tissue of all defects was characterized by galactosamine-to-glucosamine ratio significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than that of normal articular cartilage. These results at 16 weeks after grafting indicate that sternal cartilage may potentially constitute a suitable substitute for articular cartilage in large osteochondral defects of horses.