gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatoprotective action of schisandrin B against carbon tetrachloride toxicity was mediated by both enhancement of mitochondrial glutathione status and induction of heat shock proteins in mice (2003)

In the present study, we investigated the differential role of the mitochondrial glutathione status and induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) 25/70 in protecting against carbon tetrachloride (CCl_4) hepatotoxicity in schisandrin B (Sch B)-pretreated mice. The time-course of Sch B-induced changes in these hepatic parameters were examined. Dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (DDB), a non-hepatoprotective analog of Sch B, was studied for comparison. Sch B treatment (2 mmol/kg) produced maximal enhancement in hepatic mitochondrial glutathione status as well as increases in hepatic HSP 25/70 levels at 24 h post-dosing. The stimulatory effect of Sch B then gradually subsided, but the activities of hepatic mitochondrial glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) as well as the level of HSP 25 remained relatively high even at 72 h post-dosing. CCl_4 challenge caused significant impairment in mitochondrial glutathione status and a decrease in HSP 70 level, but the HSP 25 level was significantly elevated. While the extent of hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B pretreatment against CCl_4 was found to inversely correlate with the time elapsed after the dosing, the protective effect was associated with the ability of Sch B to maintain the mitochondrial glutathione status and/or induce further production of HSP 25 in CCl_4-intoxicated condition. On the other hand, DDB treatment (2 mmol/kg), which did not increase mitochondrial GSH level and GST activity or induce further production of HSP 25 after CCl_4 challenge, could not protect against CCl_4 toxicity. The results suggest that the enhancement of mitochondrial glutathione status and induction of HSP 25/70 may contribute independently to the hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B pretreatment.
Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Edema in Rats With Diabetic Ketoacidosis (2008)

These data demonstrate that CE in DKA is accompanied by cerebral hypoperfusion before treatment and suggest that blocking Na-K-Cl cotransport may reduce cerebral cell swelling.
Serum bupivacaine concentrations after intraarticular injection for pain relief after knee arthroscopy (1992)

Intraarticular injection of local anesthetic drugs after arthroscopic knee surgery is used to provide postoperative analgesia. Toxic serum levels of bupivacaine have been reported after its use both in regional anesthesia and for intraarticular injection. The toxicity of the former is related to needle misplacement and the latter is presumed to be absorptive. This study evaluates the effect of tourniquet inflation and the addition of epinephrine on serum concentrations of bupivacaine after intraarticular injection. The results shows that the peak serum bupivacaine concentrations can be reduced by adding epinephrine and injecting it after tourniquet inflation.
Entropy Regularization (2006)

This chapter promotes the use of entropy regularization as a means to benefit from unlabeled data in the framework of maximum a posteriori estimation. The learning criterion is derived from clearly stated assumptions and can be applied to any smoothly parameterized model of posterior probabilities. The regularization scheme favors low-density separation, without any modeling of the density of input features. The contribution of unlabeled data to the learning criterion induces local optima, but this problem can be alleviated by deterministic annealing. For well-behaved models of posterior probabilities, deterministic annealing expectation-maximization (EM) provides a decomposition of the learning problem in a series of concave subproblems. Other approaches to the semi-supervised problem are shown to be close relatives or limiting cases of entropy regularization. A series of experiments illustrates the good behavior of the algorithm in terms of performance and robustness with respect to the violation of the postulated low-density separation assumption.
Structural requirements for stimulation of colonic cell proliferation by oxidized fatty acids. (1988)

The primary autoxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to stimulate DNA synthesis and induce ornithine decarboxylase activity in colonic mucosa. In the present study we have determined the structural features of the oxidized fatty acids necessary for the stimulation of these two components of mitogenesis. Compounds were instilled intrarectally in either aqueous or mineral oil vehicles and 3 h later (ornithine decarboxylase activity) or 12 h later (tritiated thymidine incorporation), the animals were killed and the colonic mucosa harvested for measurement of the two parameters of cell proliferation. Hydroperoxy and hydroxy fatty acids derived from oleate and stearate were studied. Ricinoleic acid and the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone derived from oleic acid were also investigated. The minimal requirement for stimulation of cell proliferation is the presence of an oxidized functionally adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond. All active compounds studied were roughly equipotent, which suggests a common mediator may be involved. These results imply that, in addition to biliary steroids, the autoxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids may play a role in the enhancement of tumorigenesis by high levels of dietary fat. Furthermore, the data suggest a possible mechanism of action for the active compounds.
Modified 2,2-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic Acid (ABTS) Method to Measure Antioxidant Capacity of Selected Small Fruits and Comparison to Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2‘-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Methods (2006)

The measurement of antioxidant capacity in fruits differs from that of other biological samples due to their low pH and very low lipophilic antioxidant capacity. In this report, we present a modified 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method for fruits and compare its performance with the other commonly used antioxidant methods of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The antioxidant capacity and reaction kinetics of four phenolic compounds, two antioxidant standards, and five fruits were also investigated. The modified ABTS method prepared at a pH of 4.5 with sodium acetate buffer is highly stable and easily applied to fruit samples as compared to the standard (pH 7.4) version. The measured antioxidant capacity of samples varied with the assay method used, pH, and time of reaction. Traditional antioxidant standards (trolox, ascorbic acid) displayed stable, simple reaction kinetics, which allowed end point analysis with all of assays. Of the phenolic compounds examined, chlorogenic and caffeic acids exhibited the most complex reaction kinetics and reaction rates that precluded end point analysis while gallic acid and quercetin reached stable end points. All fruit extracts exhibited complex and varied kinetics and required long reaction times to approach an end point. Because the antioxidant capacity of fruit extracts is a function of the array of individual antioxidants present, accurate comparisons among fruit samples require that reaction times be standardized and of sufficient length to reach steady state conditions and that more than one assay be used to describe the total antioxidant activity of fruit samples.
A new biflavonoid from Selaginella uncinata (2007)

One new biflavonoid was isolated from the 60 % ethanol extract of the dried whole herbs of Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring. On the basis of physio-chemical properties and spectral (mainly 1 D and 2 D NMR) data, the structure of the new biflavonoid was established as 2′′, 3′′-dihydrorobustaflavone 4′-methyl ether (4). Along with the new biflavonoid, three known compounds robustaflavone (1), robustaflavone 4′-methyl ether (2) and tetrahydrorobustaflavone (3), were isolated. Compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring for the first time.
Modeling and control of a 4-wheel skid-steering mobile robot (2004)

A mathematical model of a 4-wheel skid-steering mobile robot is presented in a systematic way. The robot is considered as a subsystem consisting of kinematic, dynamic and drive levels. Next, a designing process of a kinematic controller based on the algorithm introduced by (Dixon et al., 2001) is shown. An extension of the kinematic control law at the dynamic and motor levels using the Lyapunov analysis and the backstepping technique is developed. To validate the designed algorithm, extensive simulation results for trajectory tracking and set-point cases are discussed. Some deliberations concerning the tuning of the controller are presented, too.
Relative colour cues improve colour constancy in birds (2017)

A ripe strawberry looks red to our eyes in sunlight and in the green light of a forest, although the spectrum of light reflected from its surface differs dramatically. This is caused by two effects: colour constancy and our ability to learn relative colour cues - the ripe strawberry remains relatively 'redder' than an unripe green strawberry. While colour constancy - the ability to recognize colours in shifted illumination - has been studied in many animals, the use of relative colour cues is investigated more rarely. In a previous study on chickens, we measured how large a shift in illumination their colour constancy mechanisms tolerate without reliable relative colour cues. Here, we show that chickens remain colour constant over larger illumination shifts, if they can use such relative colour cues. As relative colour cues are readily available in natural environments, we suggest that their use contributes strongly to colour constancy performance in nature.
Azurin Involved in Alcohol Oxidation System in Pseudomonas putida HK5: Expression Analysis and Gene Cloning (2001)

Expression of azurin in Pseudomonas putida HK5 was examined by immunoblot analysis. Similar amounts of azurin were found in the cells grown into the stationary phase on any carbon sources, including LB medium without alcohol, where no quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases appeared. In the early exponential phase, the highest amount of azurin was found in the cells grown on 1-butanol, but here was none in the case of LB medium, suggesting that expression of azurin is cooperative with that of the alcohol oxidase system, especially the system including quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase IIB. The azurin gene (azu) was cloned and sequenced. azu is monocistronic, and in its promoter region, FNR-binding consensus sequence was found. However, its relative position suggests different transcriptional regulation from that in azu of P. aeruginosa. The molecular weight of the mature protein without copper ion calculated from the amino acid sequence was consistent with the value of the purified azurin measured by mass spectrometry.
Low cost microstrip-fed dual frequency printeddipole antennafor wireless communications (2000)

A low cost microstrip-fed dual frequency dipole antenna has been developed for personal communication network (PCN) and wireless LAN (WLAN) applications in the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz bands. The antenna radiates bi-directionally and has a double-sided structure to enable transition from a balanced planar stripline to unbalanced microstrip line. The 10 dB bandwidths achieved were 18.75 and 7.7% at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz, respectively.
Very small embryonic‐like stem cells are present in adult murine organs: ImageStream‐based morphological analysis and distribution studies (2008)

Recently, we purified a population of CXCR4+/Oct-4+/SSEA-1+/Sca-1+/Lin(-)/CD45(-) very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) from adult murine bone marrow (BM). After using flow cytometry, ImageStream analysis, confocal microscopy, and real time RT-PCR, we report that similar cells could be also identified and isolated from several organs in adult mice. The highest total numbers of Oct-4+ VSELs were found in the brain, kidneys, muscles, pancreas, and BM. These observations support our hypothesis that a population of very primitive cells expressing germ line/epiblast markers (Oct-4, SSEA-1) is deposited early during embryogenesis in various organs and survives into adulthood. Further studies are needed to determine whether these cells, after being isolated from various adult human organs similarly to their murine BM-derived counterparts, are endowed with pluripotent stem cell properties.
Online handwriting recognition with support vector machines - a kernel approach (2003)

In this paper we describe a novel classification approach for online handwriting recognition. The technique combines dynamic time warping (DTW) and support vector machines (SVMs) by establishing a new SVM kernel. We call this kernel Gaussian DTW (GDTW) kernel. This kernel approach has a main advantage over common HMM techniques. It does not assume a model for the generative class conditional densities. Instead, it directly addresses the problem of discrimination by creating class boundaries and thus is less sensitive to modeling assumptions. By incorporating DTW in the kernel function, general classification problems with variable-sized sequential data can be handled. In this respect the proposed method can be straightforwardly applied to all classification problems, where DTW gives a reasonable distance measure, e.g., speech recognition or genome processing. We show experiments with this kernel approach on the UNIPEN handwriting data, achieving results comparable to an HMM-based technique.
Enhancing growth human endothelial cells on Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) embedded poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) surface with nanometer scale of surface disturbance (2004)

To explore the application of PCL for the engineering of soft tissues, the PCL surface was first embedded in an amphiphilic moiety and then grafted with RGD peptide to enhance the growth rate of human endothelial cells (HUVEC) on the surface. To graft cell-adhesive peptide RGD on the PCL surface, the PCL surface was first etched by the selected solvent with only nanometer-scale of surface disturbance, and simultaneously embedded with DSPE-PEG [di-stearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine-methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)] moiety. Then the PCL-PEG surface was photochemically grafted by GRGD to form PCL-PEG-RGD surface. PCL and the modified surfaces were characterized by surface morphology, surface disturbance, contact angles, ATR-FTIR functional group analysis, and the growth rate of HUVEC. The surface disturbances of PCL and the modified surfaces were examined by atomic force microscope (AFM) and presented by the topography and a roughness parameter, Ra. The Ra values were 16.4 +/- 3.0, 34.8 +/- 1.6, and 12.8 +/- 0.3 nm (n = 3) for PCL, PCL-PEG, and PCL-PEG-RGD surfaces, respectively. The topographies of the surfaces and Ra values indicated that the PCL modified technique developed by this study resulted in only nanometer scale of surface disturbance. In addition to reducing surface disturbances, reducing contact angle from 73.7 degrees +/- 0.4 (n = 3) for the PCL surface to 56.9 degrees +/- 4.0 (n = 3) for the PCL-PEG surface, and the ATR-FTIR transmission spectra at 1660 cm(-1) for shoulder of amine I of PCL-PEG-RGD surface both confirmed the successful modification of PCL surfaces. HUVECs adhered well and grew on the PCL-PEG-RGD surface after 36 h incubation, whereas other surfaces did not support growth. Moreover, the viability for the relative growth rate of HUVECs on the PCL-PEG-RGD surface analyzed by MTT assay showed 8.5 times greater growth than that of the unmodified one. In conclusion, a PCL-PEG-RGD surface for enhancing the growth rate of HUVECs has been prepared by a new technique that caused only a nanometer-scale of surface disturbance. This technique and the PCL-PEG-RGD surface could be further applied to engineer soft tissues.
Vibrios Commonly Possess Two Chromosomes (2005)

The prevalence of the two-chromosome configuration was investigated in 34 species of vibrios and closely related species. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of undigested genomic DNA suggested that vibrios commonly have two chromosomes. The size of the large chromosome is predominantly within a narrow range (3.0 to 3.3 Mb), whereas the size of the small chromosome varies considerably among the vibrios (0.8 to 2.4 Mb). This fact suggests that the structure of the small chromosome is more flexible than that of the large chromosome during the evolution of vibrios.
Effects of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity-guided optimization of cerebral perfusion pressure on brain tissue oxygenation after traumatic brain injury* (2010)

This study supports the concept of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity-based individual optimal cerebral perfusion pressure. Driving cerebral perfusion pressure in excess of optimal cerebral perfusion pressure does not yield improvements in brain tissue oxygen after head injury and should be avoided, whereas cerebral perfusion pressure below optimal cerebral perfusion pressure may result in secondary cerebral ischemia.
Signal to noise ratio of thin film disks with various orientation ratios (1990)

Thin-film disks with various orientation ratios (OR) ranging from 0.5 to 4.3 were fabricated by sputter deposition of CoPtCr with Cr underlayers onto preheated NiP/Al-Mg disks. The recording characteristics of these disks were investigated using a thin-film head. The isolated pulse signal amplitude-to-media noise ratio (So/N) increased when OR was increased from 0.5 to 1 and then remained relatively constant for OR>or=1. An improvement of about 10 dB in overwrite of the disks with OR>1 was observed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection by the Candidate Microbicide Dapivirine, a Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (2008)

Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains the major route of infection worldwide; thus, there is an urgent need for additional prevention strategies, particularly strategies that could be controlled by women, such as topical microbicides. Potential microbicide candidates must be both safe and effective. Using cellular and tissue explant models, we have evaluated the activity of the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) dapivirine as a vaginal microbicide. In tissue compatibility studies, dapivirine was well tolerated by epithelial cells, T cells, macrophages, and cervical tissue explants. Dapivirine demonstrated potent dose-dependent inhibitory effects against a broad panel of HIV type 1 isolates from different clades. Furthermore, dapivirine demonstrated potent activity against a wide range of NNRTI-resistant isolates. In human cervical explant cultures, dapivirine was able not only to inhibit direct infection of mucosal tissue but also to prevent the dissemination of the virus by migratory cells. Activity was retained in the presence of semen or a cervical mucus simulant. Furthermore, dapivirine demonstrated prolonged inhibitory effects: it was able to prevent both localized and disseminated infection for as long as 6 days posttreatment. The prolonged protection observed following pretreatment of genital tissue and the lack of observable toxicity suggest that dapivirine has considerable promise as a potential microbicide candidate.
Microwave spectrum and molecular constants of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>16</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>18</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1975)

Measurements of millimeter-wave fine-structure transitions and the $n(J)=0(1)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2(1)$ rotational transition of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ have been made with high precision. From analysis of the results the following molecular constants of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ were obtained: ${B}_{0}=40707.408(10)$ MHz, ${B}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}0.129$ MHz, ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}=59499.097(43)$ MHz, ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{1}=0.05312(80)$ MHz, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}=\ensuremath{-}238.488(7)$ MHz, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}0.000619(116)$ MHz, ${B}_{e}=40931.7(6.9)$ MHz, ${r}_{0}=1.210751(16)$ \AA{}, and ${r}_{e}=1.207429(103)$ \AA{}. The equilibrium values were obtained with the aid of vibration-rotation interaction constants from optical spectroscopy.
Order statistics and estimating cardinalities of massive data sets (2005)

We introduce a new class of algorithms to estimate the cardinality of very large multisets using constant memory and doing only one pass on the data. It is based on order statistics rather that on bit patterns in binary representations of numbers. We analyse three families of estimators. They attain a standard error of $\frac{1}{\sqrt{M}}$ using $M$ units of storage, which places them in the same class as the best known algorithms so far. They have a very simple internal loop, which gives them an advantage in term of processing speed. The algorithms are validated on internet traffic traces.
Globalisation, Decolonisation and Indigenous Australia (2000)

Introduction to the five papers in this issue that are based on presentations made at the Darwin Fulbright Symposium. Context of the Symposium is set and discussion made of the various themes and issues developed at the meeting and in the papers published her.
Treatment of herpes genitalis with carbenoxolone and cicloxolone creams: a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. (1984)

preliminary results in vitro have indicated that carbenoxolone and analogues possessed activity against herpes viruses. We undertook a double blind clinical study to compare the efficacy of carbenoxolone and cicloxolone creams with placebo in initial and recurrent herpes genitalis. Seventy-nine patients (21 of whom were entered in the trial more than once) received 105 courses of treatment, 83 of which were suitable for life table analysis. There were significant differences in the time to disappearance of pain (p = 0.044) and the healing of lesions (p = 0.023) in favour of cicloxolone compared with placebo. Carbenoxolone showed some beneficial effect compared with placebo, but this was not significant. Results on day 5 were similar. The only adverse reaction was mild erythema with irritation in one patient in each treatment group. We conclude that further trials with more extensive virological investigation are indicated to confirm the beneficial effect of cicloxolone.
[Incomplete membrane restoration and radiation ageing]. (2010)

An suggestion is put forward according to which the incomplete restoration of membranes in irradiated brain cells can self-perpetuate, down regulate their activity and accelerate ageing.
Bioactive properties and clinical safety of a novel milk protein peptide (2011)

NCT01412658.
Transgenically Expressed Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Efficiently Catalyzes Oxidation of Dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde and [omega]-Aminoaldehydes (1997)

Tobacco (Nicotianum tabacum L.) plants engineered to express a sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) cDNA acquired not only BADH activity, but also three other aldehyde dehydrogenase activities (those measured with 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde, 3-aminopropionaldehyde, and 4-aminobutyraldehyde, all of which are natural products). This shows that BADH is not, as believed up to now, a substrate-specific enzyme and that its role may not be limited to glycine betaine synthesis.