gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Multielectron Transfer from the Surfaces of PbS Quantum Dots to Tetracyanoquinodimethane (2013)

This paper describes an investigation of the interfacial chemistry that enables formation of a multielectron ground-state charge-transfer (CT) complex of oleate-coated PbS quantum dots (QDs) and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in CHCl3 dispersions. Thermodynamically spontaneous electron transfer occurs from sulfur ions on the surfaces of the QDs (radius = 1.6 nm) to adsorbed TCNQ molecules and creates indefinitely stable ion pairs that are characterized by steady-state visible and mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy of reduced TCNQ and by NMR spectroscopy of the protons of oleate ligands that coat the QDs. The combination of these techniques shows that (i) each QD reduces an average of 4.5 TCNQ molecules, (ii) every electron transfer event between the QD and TCNQ occurs at the QD surface, (iii) sulfur ions on the surfaces of the QDs (and not delocalized states within the QDs) are the electron donors, and (iv) some TCNQ molecules adsorb directly to the surface of the QDs while others adsorb upon displacement of oleate ligands.
Applications of Terahertz Time-Domain Reflectometry (2007)

A reflection-type terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) is applied to non-contact and non-destructive diagnosis of the surface and inner-structure of test samples. Raster scan imaging and THz optical coherence tomography (THz-OCT) are demonstrated for a bank bill, a high voltage cable and an indented impression on a memo-pad paper. The watermark of the bank bill, the indented impression, and a flaw in the cable are detected successfully. These results indicate that THz imaging is potentially useful for the analysis of surfaces and inner-structures of products made with various materials.
Case report (2014)

Acute elbow extension deficit is an unusual phenomenon that has been observed in patients with congenital radioulnar synostosis. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl with congenital radioulnar synostosis who developed acute extension deficit of the right elbow and whose elbow range of motion was restored following lateral capsular release.
Effect of hydrogen on the electronic properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">GaAs</mml:mi></mml:math>quantum wells (2001)

Atomic hydrogen irradiation leads to striking effects on the electronic properties of ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{N}}_{y}/\mathrm{GaAs}$ single quantum wells as measured by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{N}}_{y}$ band-gap energy blueshifts with increasing hydrogen dose and finally saturates at the value of a corresponding reference sample without nitrogen. The luminescence intensity decreases upon hydrogen irradiation with a strong dependence on nitrogen content. The above results have been found in a large set of samples differing for nitrogen and indium content, and are related to the formation of bonds between hydrogen and one or more nitrogen atoms.
Effect of Hot‐Pressing on the Bi─Pb─Sr─Ca─Cu─O System (1991)

Uniaxial hot‐pressing has been used to improve the relative density and preferred gain orientation of the nearly pure (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10‐y (2223) phase in the Bi‐Pb‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O system. Samples were prepared by freeze‐drying, calcining, and hot‐pressing the powders at 650° to 840°C at 50 and 200 MPa for 2 h. The hot‐pressed samples showed a high degree of grain alignment and increased density up to 99% of theoretical. At 200 MPa, the 2223 phase was partially destroyed during hot‐pressing, probably because of the weak bonding between the Bi─O 2 layers. However, the 2223 phase and superconductivity were recovered with subsequent annealing. The critical current density ( J c ) was improved 10‐fold over that of sintered samples through this technique, with the highest J c being 2100 A°Cm −2 at 77.3 K and zero field. The hot‐pressed samples also showed significant improvements in the J c as a function of applied magnetic field. The J c of a hot‐pressed and postannealed sample at 0.2 T and 77.3 K was 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of a sintered sample.
Switching loss optimization of 20V devices integrated in a 0.13 �m CMOS technology for portable applications (2005)

Switching performances of low-cost 20V drift-MOSFETs and diffused-MOSFETs power devices are compared. Thanks to a new dynamic gate capacitance measurement protocol, the average gate capacitance responsible for power losses during fast switching transitions is estimated and the Miller effect contribution is quantified. Optimized drift-MOSFETs with reduced gate length and gate to drain overlap present comparable and even better performances than diffused-MOSFETs. Moreover they present the lowest process over-cost, making them excellent and very competitive candidates for low-cost portable power management applications
Genome-Wide Pharmacogenomic Study on Methadone Maintenance Treatment Identifies SNP rs17180299 and Multiple Haplotypes on CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L Associated with Plasma Concentrations of Methadone R- and S-enantiomers in Heroin-Dependent Patients (2016)

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is commonly used for controlling opioid dependence, preventing withdrawal symptoms, and improving the quality of life of heroin-dependent patients. A steady-state plasma concentration of methadone enantiomers, a measure of methadone metabolism, is an index of treatment response and efficacy of MMT. Although the methadone metabolism pathway has been partially revealed, no genome-wide pharmacogenomic study has been performed to identify genetic determinants and characterize genetic mechanisms for the plasma concentrations of methadone R- and S-enantiomers. This study was the first genome-wide pharmacogenomic study to identify genes associated with the plasma concentrations of methadone R- and S-enantiomers and their respective metabolites in a methadone maintenance cohort. After data quality control was ensured, a dataset of 344 heroin-dependent patients in the Han Chinese population of Taiwan who underwent MMT was analyzed. Genome-wide single-locus and haplotype-based association tests were performed to analyze four quantitative traits: the plasma concentrations of methadone R- and S-enantiomers and their respective metabolites. A significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs17180299 (raw p = 2.24 × 10(-8)), was identified, accounting for 9.541% of the variation in the plasma concentration of the methadone R-enantiomer. In addition, 17 haplotypes were identified on SPON1, GSG1L, and CYP450 genes associated with the plasma concentration of methadone S-enantiomer. These haplotypes accounted for approximately one-fourth of the variation of the overall S-methadone plasma concentration. The association between the S-methadone plasma concentration and CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L were replicated in another independent study. A gene expression experiment revealed that CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L can be activated concomitantly through a constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activation pathway. In conclusion, this study revealed new genes associated with the plasma concentration of methadone, providing insight into the genetic foundation of methadone metabolism. The results can be applied to predict treatment responses and methadone-related deaths for individualized MMTs.
Analysis on interband-resonant light modulation by intersubband-resonant light in n-doped quantum wells (1992)

The authors describe a theoretical analysis on interband-resonant light modulation by intersubband-resonant light in the n-doped quantum well. The modulation principle is briefly explained. The theoretical formulation for the modulation is derived by using density matrix theory. The modulation characteristics concerning the absorption coefficient and refractive index are calculated for various parameters. It is shown that the absorption coefficient for the interband-resonant light can be greatly changed by the incidence of intersubband-resonant light.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conserved structural motifs in cyclins identified by sequence analysis (1991)

Cyclins, as regulatory subunits of the ubiquitous p34cdc2 protein kinase, act as key controlling elements of the eukaryotic cell cycle. We have examined published sequences of A- and B-type cyclins for both amino acid and secondary structure homologies. In particular, we sought regions of homology outside the recognised area of sequence conservation known as the "cyclin box', as well as conserved features predicted to lie at the protein surface. Our analysis demonstrates the existence of a number of islands of homology outside the cyclin box, and indicates candidate residues for phosphorylation. One of these, a motif containing the amino acids SPXXXE/D is also present in fission yeast p13suc1, another protein known to interact with p34cdc2. This motif may define a possible p34cdc2 binding or phosphorylation site. A database search revealed that the CDC25 and SCD25 genes of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae also contain some of the newly identified motifs, perhaps indicating a common regulatory or degradation pathway.
High-Throughput Testing Reveals Rare Catastrophic Defects. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Food waste: a potential bioresource for extraction of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds (2017)

Food waste, a by-product of various industrial, agricultural, household and other food sector activities, is rising continuously due to increase in such activities. Various studies have indicated that different kind of food wastes obtained from fruits, vegetables, cereal and other food processing industries can be used as potential source of bioactive compounds and nutraceuticals which has significant application in treating various ailments. Different secondary metabolites, minerals and vitamins have been extracted from food waste, using various extraction approaches. In the next few years these approaches could provide an innovative approach to increase the production of specific compounds for use as nutraceuticals or as ingredients in the design of functional foods. In this review a comprehensive study of various techniques for extraction of bioactive components citing successful research work have been discussed. Further, their efficient utilization in development of nutraceutical products, health benefits, bioprocess development and value addition of food waste resources has also been discussed.
Microscopy Supported Multi-Scale Modeling of PEM Fuel Cells (2017)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are being developed as alternative energy sources for both residential and automotive applications. For this technology to reach its full commercial potential, however, a significant reduction in cost is still required while the performance and durability of PEMFCs being maintained or improved. The key in this process is continuous improvement of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) through both the development of new materials and the optimization of the 3D structural arrangement of individual MEA components [1,2] . Structural optimization of MEA remains to be challenging due to multiple materials interacting across 6 orders of magnitude in their characteristic length scales, from several nanometers for the catalyst particle size to hundreds of micrometers for carbon fibers in porous transport layer. In recent years, several microscopy techniques have become widely available to characterize the three-dimensional (3D) structure of PEMFC catalyst layers. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the PEMFCs sample, a correlative, multi-scale imaging protocol is developed in this work. The following technology is used where their corresponding resolution limit is pushed. Transmission Electron Microscope tomography, TEMt [3] (0.60nm X 0.60nm X 0.60nm Voxel Size) Focussed Ion Beam - Scanning Electron Microscope tomography, FIB-SEM [4] (2.5nm X 2.5nm X20 nm Voxel Size) Micro and Nano X-ray Computed Tomography, NanoCT [5] (367nm X 367nm X 367nm Voxel Size) Each technique by itself supports valuable insight to be obtained on the investigated structure at the corresponding length scale. By combining 3D imaging data at multiple scales, an unified structural characterization workflow is developed. Furthermore, an up scaling approach is developed based on TEMt, SEM and NanoCT reconstruction of catalyst layer, micro-porous layer and porous gas transport layer of a PMEFC cathode. Structural properties and effective transport properties are computed at each scale via image-based numerical simulation. Effective transport properties are up-scaled. MEA performances are predicted based on the obtained effective quantities at micro-scale. References [1] S. Thiele, T. Fürstenhaupt, D. Banham, T. Hutzenlaub, V. Birss, C. Ziegler, R. Zengerle, Multiscale tomography of nanoporous carbon-supported noble metal catalyst layers, J. Power Sources. 228 (2013) 185–192. [2] S.W. Peterson, The Effect of Microstructure On Transport Properties of Porous Electrodes, Brigham Young University, 2015. [3] H. Jinnai, R.J. Spontak, Transmission electron microtomography in polymer research, Polymer (Guildf). 50 (2009) 1067–1087. [4] C. Ziegler, S. Thiele, R. Zengerle, Direct three-dimensional reconstruction of a nanoporous catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, J. Power Sources. 196 (2011) 2094–2097. [5] W.K. Epting, J. Gelb, S. Litster, Resolving the Three-Dimensional Microstructure of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes using Nanometer-Scale X-ray Computed Tomography, Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 (2012) 555–560. Figure 1
Modification of Round Robin and Best CQI Scheduling Method for 3GPP LTE Downlink (2015)

In the downlink LTE, the scheduler is an important element that assigns resource block (RB) allocation for different users in a cell. RB is the smallest element that can be assigned by the scheduler. This paper proposed a new scheduler algorithm by considering the tradeoff balance between throughput and fairness among users. The benefits of both Best CQI and Round Robin schedulers have been combined in this proposed scheduler. The proposed scheduler has two main time slots that apply the combined algorithms. The primary time slot applies a Round Robin algorithm that has a continuous user sequence in the entire sub frame, and the second time slot then applies the Best CQI algorithm with a fairness enhancement. For 15dB SNR, the system has various throughput values in each scheduler, which is 61.2Mbps for the Best CQI scheduler, 32.3Mbps for the Round Robin scheduler, and 48Mbps for the proposed scheduler. For the results, in reference to Jain's fairness index, the proposed scheduler gains a fairness index of 0.97. Furthermore, for 20 users at 5MHz bandwidth, it is found that the average queuing delay is 5ms for the Round Robin scheduler, 29.38ms for the Best CQI scheduler, and 0.94ms for the proposed scheduler.
Variable-speed generation with the series-resonant converter (1988)

Results of study and measurements are presented for a variable-speed generation (VSG) system that uses a series-resonant converter to excite the rotor windings of a doubly-fed generator. The capabilities of this system include maximum-efficiency operation and limited converter rating for a speed range from stand-still (zero RPM) to well beyond synchronous speed, as well as flexibility for line-voltage control, reactive power generation, and synchronization at zero RPM. Measurements of the harmonic distortion are provided showing the superiority of this converter as compared with a VSG system using a conventional cycloconverter or a DC-link converter. A convenient tool for analyzing the operating modes of the system is discussed that can be developed under varying resource conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ethnomathematics and the limits of culture (2013)

Research in ethnomathematics has become predominantly focused on "local cultures" and non-scholarized forms of mathematics, thus becoming less a critical reflection on the sociopolitical roots of academic mathematics and the place it occupies in the popular imagination and in schooling, and more of a learning device. Such a development of ethnomathematics research is problematic and, in some instances, contradictory. In this article, I briefly point out some of the problems I see in the educational implications of ethnomathematics, and suggest a political reading of mathematics education that shows the limitations of culture when confronting the economic role of schooling.
Characterization of a novel aphid prenyltransferase displaying dual geranyl/farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity (2008)

We report on the cDNA cloning and characterization of a novel short-chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthase from the aphid Myzus persicae. Of the three IPPS cDNAs we cloned, two yielded prenyltransferase activity following expression in Escherichia coli; these cDNAs encode identical proteins except for the presence, in one of them, of an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting peptide. Although the aphid enzyme was predicted to be a farnesyl diphosphate synthase by BLASTP analysis, rMpIPPS, when isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate are supplied as substrates, typically generated geranyl diphosphate (C10) as its main product, along with significant quantities of farnesyl diphosphate (C15). Analysis of an MpIPPS homology model pointed to substitutions that could confer GPP/FPP synthase activity to the aphid enzyme.
Coagulation Abnormalities in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Serial Investigations in 167 Vietnamese Children with Dengue Shock Syndrome (2002)

The pathophysiological basis of hemorrhage in dengue infections remains poorly understood, despite the increasing global importance of these infections. A large prospective study of 167 Vietnamese children with dengue shock syndrome documented only minor prolongations of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times but moderate to severe depression of plasma fibrinogen concentrations. A detailed study of 48 children revealed low plasma concentrations of the anticoagulant proteins C, S, and antithrombin III, which decreased with increasing severity of shock, probably because of capillary leakage. Concurrent increases in the levels of thrombomodulin, tissue factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) indicated increased production of these proteins. Thrombomodulin levels suggestive of endothelial activation correlated with increasing shock severity, whereas PAI-1 levels correlated with bleeding severity. Dengue virus can directly activate plasminogen in vitro. Rather than causing true disseminated intravascular coagulation, dengue infection may activate fibrinolysis primarily, degrading fibrinogen directly and prompting secondary activation of procoagulant homeostatic mechanisms.
Lovastatin inhibits brain endothelial cell Rho‐mediated lymphocyte migration and attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2003)

Neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), result from aberrant leukocyte traffic into the central nervous system (CNS). To breach the specialized blood-brain barrier, activated leukocytes interact with CNS endothelial cells (EC) and activate a CD54-mediated signaling pathway controlling the Rho GTPase. To function correctly Rho requires posttranslational prenylation, and this can be inhibited by depleting the supply of isoprenoids through inhibition of the cholesterol synthesis pathway with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) inhibitors (statins). Here we show that treatment of brain EC in vitro with lovastatin inhibits Rho-mediated transendothelial T cell migration. This effect can be reversed by supplementation with mevalonolactone, the downstream product of HMG-CoA reductase, or by ectopic expression of myristoylated Rho, which remains active in the absence of prenylation. In a relapsing-remitting mouse model of MS, lovastatin treatment inhibited leukocyte migration into the CNS and significantly attenuated the development of both acute and relapsing clinical disease. These studies demonstrate that the indirect pharmacological inhibition of Rho proteins in brain EC by statins can inhibit a key stage in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation, namely leukocyte migration across the blood-brain barrier. These studies demonstrate a novel effect of statins in modulating the immune response in neuroinflammtory diseases and may provide additional rationale for their use in the treatment of MS.
Ca2PO4Cl : Eu2+: an intense near-ultraviolet converting blue phosphor for white light-emitting diodes (2010)

A blue phosphor Ca2PO4Cl : Eu2+ was synthesized by solid state reaction and evaluated as a candidate for white LEDs. The luminescent intensity of Ca2PO4Cl : Eu2+ was found to be 128% under excitation at 380 nm, 149% under 400 nm, and 247% under 420 nm, as high as that of BaMgAl10O17 : Eu2+. Furthermore, Ca2PO4Cl : Eu2+ reveals high quantum efficiency and excellent thermal stability. By utilizing a mixture of blue-emitting Ca2PO4Cl : Eu2+, green-emitting (Ba,Sr)2SiO4 : Eu2+ and red-emitting CaAlSiN3 : Eu2+ as light converters, an intense white GaN-based n-UV-LED (400 nm) was fabricated to exhibit an excellent color-rendering index Ra of 93.4 at a correlated color temperature of 4590 K. Based on the results, we are currently evaluating the potential application of Ca2PO4Cl : Eu2+ as a blue-emitting near-UV convertible phosphor.
Classification of Tremors (1996)

Until there is a greater understanding of basic tremorgenic mechanisms in the central nervous system, current classifications of tremors rely heavily on the behavioural characteristics, putative sites of origin, and/or the underlying disease process. Careful clinical evaluation remains the centrum of tremor classification. Few tremors do show specific neurophysiological features that will clinch diagnosis, e.g., primary orthostatic tremor and dystonic tremor. With the exception of dopaminergic drugs in Parkinson's disease, drug effects in tremors are unpredictable and nonspecific. Drug side effects should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any unexplained tremor.