gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 2Gb/s 15pJ/b/chip Inductive-Coupling programmable bus for NAND Flash memory stacking (2009)

A wireless communication technique, which enables a controller chip to communicate with random access with a stack underneath it of 64 NAND Flash memory chips at a data rate of 2Gb/s using relayed transmission is developed (Fig. 13.5.1). This technique can be applied to memory access in solid-state drives (SSD). The wireless interface allows the removal of a highly capacitive ESD protection device and results in a 2× reduction in power consumption, and a 40× reduction in I/O circuit-layout area. Using bonding wires for the power supply and wireless interface for data access reduces the number of bonding wires in the 64-chip stack from over 1,500 wires to less than 200 wires. This reduction in the number of bonding wires makes it possible to integrate 64 chips in one package, which conventionally requires eight separate packages. This wireless interface is based on inductive coupling between inductors on the stacked chips. The inductors emit magnetic field both upwards and downwards. This creates both intentional and unintentional communication link, which makes it difficult to be used in homogeneous stacking. Our technique enables data delivery upwards and downwards for memory read and write with measured BER ≪ 10–12. Power reduction is achieved by proper state programming of individual chips.
Strategies for volumetric imaging with a fluorescence microscope (2019)

Three-dimensional fluorescence imaging has been a longstanding goal for microscopists, made all the more challenging when aiming for a trifecta of resolution, speed, and field of view. The purpose of this review is to summarize some current strategies in volumetric microscopy, both camera- and scanning-based.
[Discovery of "masked" ribonucleases in highly purified preparations of RNA]. (1982)

It was found that RNA preparations isolated with the help of various inhibitors of RNAses from different eukariotic tissues, followed by thorough deproteinization contain particular ribonucleases ("masked" RNAses). These RNAses were supposed to be connected with RNA molecules and are not active. They may be activated by changes of RNA molecule conformation. Apparently the "marked" RNAses can take part in (a) processing of large precursor RNA molecules; (b) regulation of gene expression by means of specially cut RNA fragments.
Entertaining with science, educating with dance (2006)

Two dance performances were produced as a collaboration between a modern dance company and university scientists. The performances were thematically based on concepts from mathematics and computer science and used digital imagery, poetry, and real-time computation directed by a MIDI device. The first production played on the Fibonacci sequence and the Golden Ratio and involved real-time fractal computation in response to the dancers' movements. The second production introduced, at the layperson's level, theoretical concepts of computer science such as computability, language expressiveness, and Turing machines. The two collaborations wove computer science not only into the production but also into the content of the performance.
Multivariate analysis to simplify the differential diagnosis of broad complex tachycardia. (1991)

Univariate analysis has identified several criteria that aid the differential diagnosis of broad complex tachycardia. In this study of 102 consecutive patients multivariate analysis was performed to identify which of 15 clinical and 11 electrocardiographic variables were independent predictors of ventricular tachycardia. These were shown to be a history of myocardial infarction, the QRS waveforms in leads aVF and V1, and a change in axis from sinus rhythm to tachycardia of more than 40 degrees. If none of the criteria was met, the diagnosis was almost certainly supraventricular tachycardia. If one criterion was met the diagnosis was probably supraventricular tachycardia. If two criteria were met then the diagnosis was probably ventricular tachycardia. If three or four criteria were met, the diagnosis was almost certainly ventricular tachycardia. The predictive accuracy was 93%. This was increased to 95% by including two other criteria--definite independent P wave activity and ventricular extrasystoles with the same QRS configuration as that in tachycardia. These criteria were not included in the multivariate analysis because though they were 100% specific they were seldom seen. These four criteria can be used as simple rules in determining the origin of a broad complex tachycardia.
Cytotoxic Alkaloids from<i>Boehmeria siamensis</i> (2003)

Two new phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids, boehmeriasins A and B, were isolated from the aqueous ethanolic extract of Boehmeria siamensis Craib (Urticaceae) by bioassay-guided fractionation. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence. Boehmeriasin A possesses cytotoxic activity against 12 cell lines from 6 panels of cancer including lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer and leukemia with GI (50) between 0.2 and 100 ng/mL, whereas boehmeriasin B showed lower activity.
Securing and Controlling Cisco Routers (2002)

Securing and Controlling Cisco Routers demonstrates proven techniques for strengthening network security. The book begins with an introduction to Cisco technology and the TCP/IP protocol suite. Subsequent chapters cover subjects such as routing, routing protocols, IP addressing, and Cisco Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting services (AAA)
An area-efficient 2 GB/s 256 Mb packet-based DRAM with daisy-chained redundancy scheme (2002)

An area-efficient packet-based 256 Mb DRAM with a 4 bank architecture and a peak bandwidth of 1.0 Gbps/pin at V/sub cc/=2.35 V, Temp=100/spl deg/C is developed. This chip features a daisy chained redundancy scheme, an area-efficient logic block placement and routing technique and a process insensitive DLL with duty error reduction scheme to overcome large chip size penalty and to improve chip yield.
A Review of Machine Learning Applications in Additive Manufacturing (2019)

Abstract Variability in product quality continues to pose a major barrier to the widespread application of additive manufacturing (AM) processes in production environment. Towards addressing this barrier, monitoring AM processes and measuring AM materials and parts has become increasingly commonplace, and increasingly precise, making a new wave of AM-related data available. This newfound data provides a valuable resource for gaining new insight to AM processes and decision making. Machine Learning (ML) provides an avenue to gain this insight by 1) learning fundamental knowledge about AM processes and 2) identifying predictive and actionable recommendations to optimize part quality and process design. This report presents a literature review of ML applications in AM. The review identifies areas in the AM lifecycle, including design, process plan, build, post process, and test and validation, that have been researched using ML. Furthermore, this report discusses the benefits of ML for AM, as well as existing hurdles currently limiting applications.
Chemical and Crystallographic Events in the Caries Process (1990)

The chemical and crystallographic events associated with the caries process can be described based on the results from the following studies: (a) effects of carbonate, magnesium, fluoride, and strontium on the physico-chemical properties--lattice parameters, crystallinity (crystal size and strain); dissolution properties of synthetic apatites; (b) factors influencing the in vitro formation and transformation of DCPD, OCP, AP (Ca-deficient apatites), FAP, beta-TCMP (Mg-substituted), and CaF2; and (c) studies on properties (crystallinity, composition, chemical, and thermal stabilities) of enamel, dentin, and bone. The dissolution of CO3-rich/Mg-rich/F-poor dental apatite crystals and re-precipitation of CO3-poor/Mg-poor/F-rich apatite in the presence of F- ions in solution contribute to a more acid-resistant surface layer of the caries lesion. Fluoride promotes the formation of less Ca-deficient and more stable apatite crystals. The presence of Ca, P, and F in solution inhibits dissolution of apatite more than does the presence of F alone. Low levels of F in solution promote the formation of (F, OH)-apatite, even under very acid conditions; an increase in F levels causes the formation of CaF2 at the expense of DCPD or apatite, especially in acid conditions. F in apatite and/or in solution suppresses extensive dissolution of dental apatite and enhances the formation of (F, OH)-apatite crystals which are more resistant against acid-dissolution than are F-free apatite crystals.
Checking mergeable priority queues (2002)

We present an efficient algorithm which can check the answers given by the fundamental abstract data types priority queues and mergeable priority queues. This is the first linear-time checker for mergeable priority queues. These abstract data types are widely used in routing, scheduling, simulation, computational geometry and many other algorithmic domains. We have implemented our answer checker and have performed experiments comparing the speed of our checker to recently benchmarked priority queue and mergeable priority queue implementations, and our checker is substantially faster than the best of these implementations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A prostituta e o santo, e outras histórias em Os desastres de Sofia, de Clarice Lispector (2012)

O presente artigo propoe-se a fazer um estudo do conto “Os desastres de Sofia”, de Clarice Lispector, abordando algumas das muitas historias enleadas na trama narrativa. Contempla-se nessa abordagem aspectos autobiograficos, intertextos e a genese da escritora. Nesse conto, Clarice Lispector revela -- pelo vies da negatividade e do paradoxo, num texto narrativo-memorialista -- para alem das traquinagens da menina Sofia, o seu proprio nascimento literario.
Virginia and Maryland (2007)

Map of Virginia and Maryland by Herman Moll (1654-1732). Published in London ca. 1700.
Fabrication of gelatin methacrylate/nanohydroxyapatite microgel arrays for periodontal tissue regeneration (2016)

The GelMA/nHA microgels (10%/2% w/v) facilitated hPDLSCs viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro and further promoted new bone formation in vivo, suggesting that the GelMA/nHA microgels (10%/2% w/v) provide great potential for periodontal tissue regeneration.
Anisotropic layers in waveguides for mode tuning and tunable filtering (2006)

Modes dispersion relations of multilayered anisotropic waveguides are presented and investigated for the case of nematic liquid crystal waveguide layer. The multilayered waveguide modes are investigated using the analytic 4x4 propagation matrix approach. Dispersion relations are derived for the TE and TM confined waves for variety of orientations of the dielectric ellipsoid. For the case of coupling via a shallow grating layer where guided wave resonance is excited, it is shown that for the purpose of mode determination, this analytic approach agrees very well with rigorous diffraction calculations. Dependence of the modes on the anisotropic layer parameters is investigated particularly for liquid crystal layer parameters where thin layers are important both for single mode operation, higher switching speed, reduced absorption and scattering losses. Liquid crystals response to an applied electric field usually produces nonuniform molecular director profiles that are shown to have strong effect on the guided wave.
Single-Chip CMOS Analog Sensor-Conditioning ICs with Integrated Electrically-Adjustable Passive Resistors (2008)

We demonstrate single-chip analog sensor-conditioning with integrated electrically-adjustable passive resistors, allowing adjustment by the sensor-system assembler, without the drawbacks of digital conditioning. Adding a rudimentary bulk-silicon cavity-etch to a standard 1mum CMOS process enables a group of innovations for thermally-isolated adjustable resistors, called Rejustors <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> .
The book of prime number records (1988)

s University, in the undergraduate colloquim series established to honor Professors A.
Determination of Amino Acid Sequence in Surfactin, a Crystalline Peptidelipid Surfactant Produced by Bacillus subtilis (1969)

is a crystalline peptidelipid sur factant obtained from culture fluids of several strains of B. subtilis as a potent clotting in hibitor in the thrombin-fibrinogen system. As described in a previous report," it consists of L-Asp, L-Glu, L-Val, L-Leu, D-Leu and a fatty acid in the molecular ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 :2: 2: 1 and the fatty acid was briefly mentioned in another report from our laboratories" to be a C,, isohydroxy acid (MW 258).
1927 seeds [catalog] / (1927)

NECESSITY -In our opinion many of the failures in obtaining complete satisfaction with annuals in this country, are due to the fact that most of the literature on the subject, directions in seed catalogs, and personal experiences, have been procured from European countries and duplicated here without sufficient consideration for the entirely different climatic conditions. PURPOSE-We desire to secure for our customers, professional and amateur alike, the most uptodate, concise, real American directions and hints for the successful raising of annual flowers from seed in this climate.
Structural insights into glycoside hydrolase family 32 and 68 enzymes: functional implications (2009)

Glycoside hydrolases (GH) have been shown to play unique roles in various biological processes like the biosynthesis of glycans, cell wall metabolism, plant defence, signalling, and the mobilization of storage reserves. To date, GH are divided into more than 100 families based upon their overall structure. GH32 and GH68 are combined in clan GH-J, not only harbouring typical hydrolases but also non-Leloir type transferases (fructosyltransferases), involved in fructan biosynthesis. This review summarizes the recent structure-function research progress on plant GH32 enzymes, and highlights the similarities and differences compared with the microbial GH32 and GH68 enzymes. A profound analysis of ligand-bound structures and site-directed mutagenesis experiments identified key residues in substrate (or inhibitor) binding and recognition. In particular, sucrose can bind as inhibitor in Cichorium intybus 1-FEH IIa, whereas it binds as substrate in Bacillus subtilis levansucrase and Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall invertase (AtcwINV1). In plant GH32, a single residue, the equivalent of Asp239 in AtcwINV1, appears to be important for sucrose stabilization in the active site and essential in determining sucrose donor specificity.
Genotype Copy Number Variations using Gaussian Mixture Models: Theory and Algorithms (2012)

Copy number variations (CNVs) are important in the disease association studies and are usually targeted by most recent microarray platforms developed for GWAS studies. However, the probes targeting the same CNV regions could vary greatly in performance, with some of the probes carrying little information more than pure noise. In this paper, we investigate how to best combine measurements of multiple probes to estimate copy numbers of individuals under the framework of Gaussian mixture model (GMM). First we show that under two regularity conditions and assume all the parameters except the mixing proportions are known, optimal weights can be obtained so that the univariate GMM based on the weighted average gives the exactly the same classification as the multivariate GMM does. We then developed an algorithm that iteratively estimates the parameters and obtains the optimal weights, and uses them for classification. The algorithm performs well on simulation data and two sets of real data, which shows clear advantage over classification based on the equal weighted average.
Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection In-House Validation—A Proof of Concept (2014)

Chemical sensitization is an adverse immunologic response to chemical substances, inducing hypersensitivity in exposed individuals. Identifying chemical sensitizers is of great importance for chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, in order to prevent the use of sensitizers in consumer products. Historically, chemical sensitizers have been assessed mainly by in vivo methods, however, recently enforced European legislations urge and promote the development of animal-free test methods able to predict chemical sensitizers. Recently, we presented a predictive biomarker signature in the myeloid cell line MUTZ-3, for assessment of skin sensitizers. The identified genomic biomarkers were found to be involved in immunologically relevant pathways, induced by recognition of foreign substances and regulating dendritic cell maturation and cytoprotective mechanisms. We have developed the usage of this biomarker signature into a novel in vitro assay for assessment of chemical sensitizers, called Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection (GARD). The assay is based on chemical stimulation of MUTZ-3 cultures, using the compounds to be assayed as stimulatory agents. The readout of the assay is a transcriptional quantification of the genomic predictors, collectively termed the GARD Prediction Signature (GPS), using a complete genome expression array. Compounds are predicted as either sensitizers or nonsensitizers by a Support Vector Machine model. In this report, we provide a proof of concept for the functionality of the GARD assay by describing the classification of 26 blinded and 11 nonblinded chemicals as sensitizers or nonsensitizers. Based on these classifications, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the assay were estimated to 89, 89, and 88%, respectively.
On interference immunity of angle tracking systems under conditions of interference distorting location characteristic (2009)

Tasks of assessing accuracy and stability in angle tracking of a radar target are considered under conditions of interference which impairs location characteristic of angle tracking system, and an option is advanced to enhance interference immunity of angle tracking system.
Estimating arterial resistance and compliance during transient conditions in humans (1989)

Almost all existing methods for estimating hemodynamic parameters are valid only during steady-state conditions. There is often a need, however, for estimating peripheral resistance and total arterial compliance during beat-to-beat transients such as during atrial fibrillation. During such transients the pressure at the onset and end of a cardiac cycle usually differ. This pressure difference necessitates a modification of usual methods used for estimating these hemodynamic parameters. In this paper we formulate a method for estimating resistance and total arterial compliance during such beat-to-beat transients. For simplicity the expressions are derived for a two-element windkessel model of the circulation. The method is a generalization of one we previously proposed. Rather than using parameter estimation techniques or having to assume a monoexponential pressure decay during diastole, our method uses the areas under the systolic and diastolic portions of the aortic pressure versus time tracing to obtain explicit expressions for compliance; both for the case where it is constant and when it is assumed to be nonlinear (exponential) function of pressure. Aortic pressure and flow data from patients undergoing cardiac catheterization are employed to illustrate the method. Results illustrate the quantitative difference between uncorrected and corrected estimates of both resistance and compliance as a function of the pressure difference between the onset and end of each beat. The uncorrected parameters were found to be linearly and highly correlated with these pressure differences. Regressions of pressure difference against normalized values revealed that the pooled data for all patients defined a single relationship.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Image near-duplicate retrieval using local dependencies in spatial-scale space (2008)

This paper presents an efficient and effective solution for retrieving Image Near-Duplicate (IND). Different from traditional methods, we analyze the local dependencies among region descriptors in a spatial-scale space. Such local dependencies in spatial-scale space(LDSS) encodes not only visual appearance but also the spatial and scale co-occurrence of them. The local dependencies are integrated over all spatial locations and multiple scales to form the image representation, which is invariant to spatial transformation and scale change. We evaluate our proposed LDSS method for IND retrieval using an existing benchmark as well as a new dataset extracted from the keyframes of TRECVID corpus. Compared to the state-of-the-art results, local dependencies in spatial-scale space(LDSS) approach has been shown to significantly improve the accuracy of IND retrieval.
On iterative soft-decision decoding of linear binary block codes and product codes (1998)

Iterative decoding methods have gained interest, initiated by the results of the so-called "turbo" codes. The theoretical description of this decoding, however, seems to be difficult. Therefore, we study the iterative decoding of block codes. First, we discuss the iterative decoding algorithms developed by Gallager (1962), Battail et al. (1979), and Hagenauer et al. (1996). Based on their results, we propose a decoding algorithm which only uses parity check vectors of minimum weight. We give the relation of this iterative decoding to one-step majority-logic decoding, and interpret it as gradient optimization. It is shown that the used parity check set defines the region where the iterative decoding decides on a particular codeword. We make plausible that, in almost all cases, the iterative decoding converges to a codeword after some iterations. We derive a computationally efficient implementation using the minimal trellis representing the used parity check set. Simulations illustrate that our algorithm gives results close to soft decision maximum likelihood (SDML) decoding for many code classes like BCH codes. Reed-Muller codes, quadratic residue codes, double circulant codes, and cyclic finite geometry codes. We also present simulation results for product codes and parallel concatenated codes based on block codes.
Opposing aging-related shift of excitatory dopamine D1 and inhibitory D3 receptor protein expression in striatum and spinal cord (2015)

Normal aging is associated with a decrease in motor function, a concomitant increase in muscle stiffness and tone, and a decrease in dopamine (DA) levels in the spinal cord. The striatum plays a critical role in the control of motor function, and it receives strong DA innervation from the substantia nigra. However, locomotor activity also requires the activation of motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord, which in the mouse express all five DA receptor subtypes (D1-D5). Of these, the D3 receptor (D3R) expresses the highest affinity to DA and mediates inhibitory actions, while activation of the lower-affinity D1 receptor (D1R) system promotes excitatory effects. To test whether the aging-related decrease in DA levels is associated with corresponding changes in DA receptor protein expression levels, we probed with Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques for D1R and D3R protein expression levels over the normal life span of the mouse. We found that with age D1R expression levels increased in both striatum and spinal cord, while D3R expression levels remained stable in the striatum or slightly decreased in the spinal cord. The resulting D1-to-D3 ratio indicates a strong upregulation of D1R-mediated pathways in old animals, which is particularly pronounced in the lumbar spinal cord. These data suggest that aging may be associated with a shift in DA-mediated pathways in striatum and spinal cord, which in turn could be an underlying factor in the emergence of aging- and DA-related motor dysfunctions such as Parkinson's disease or Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).