gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regional (<sup>14</sup>C) 2‐deoxyglucos uptake during vibrissae movements evoked by rat motor cortex stimulation (1982)

Repetitive left mystacial vibrissae movements were produced by electrical stimulation of right motor cortex (MI) were a bipolar electrode in the alert, unanesthetized rat. Regional increases of (14C) 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake were mapped autoradiographically during these left vibrissae movements. Uptake of 2DG increased in a 2-4-mm-diameter area about the stimulating electrode in right MI and in a smaller region in left MI cortex. Columnar increases of 2DG uptake occurred bilaterally in somatosensory cortex in the face region of somatosensory cortex (SI). Bilateral increases of 2DG uptake occurred subcortically in dorsolateral caudate-putamen (CP) and subthalamic nucleus. Primary right-sided increases of 2DG uptake occurred in other basal ganglia structures including dorsal globus pallidus (GP), posterior, entopeduncular nucleus (EPN), ventrolateral substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and anterolateral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Uptake of 2DG increased on the right side of the following thalamic regions: much of the ventrolateral (VL) nucleus, particularly dorsally; the anterodorsal reticular nucleus; dorsolateral posteromedial (POm) nucleus; the ventromedial nucleus; and dorsolateral parafasicular nucleus. The anterior and ventral posterior portions of VL were not activated. Caudal to thalamus right-sided 2DG uptake increased in the medial, ventral, and lateral pontine nuclei, deep layers of superior colliculus, lateral deep mesencephalic nucleus (DMN), and nucleus cuneiformis (NCU). UPtake of 2DG increased in right rostral parvocellular and red nucleus in a few animals. Discrete portions of the right internal capsule and right medial pyramidal tract increased 2DG uptake during MI stimulation. Uptake of 2DG increased on the left side of the brain during right MI stimulation in the left lateral nucleus (NL) of cerebellum and in several discrete regions of left cerebellar hemisphere granule cells including anterior paravermis, lobulus simplex, crus II, and the paramedian lobule. Uptake of 2DG increased in left nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve (ntV) ventrally in subnuclei interpolaris and oralis. Left lateral portions of the facial nucleus were activated in a few animals. The lateral portions of the facial nucleus are known to project to vibrissae musculature. All of the above structures may be involved in the motor-sensory processing responsible for vibrissae movements. Regions not previously suggested to play a major role in vibrissae movements include DMN and NCU. Though NCU has been called the "locomotor center" it may play a role in facial movements as well. Polysynaptic activation of GP, EPN, NL, and cerebellar hemisphere occurred since no connections between MI and these regions exist. A pathway from ntV to POm to MI and SI is suggested to provide proprioceptive input to motor-sensory cortex from the moving vibrissae since neither the principal trigeminal sensory nucleus nor the ventrobasal nucleus of the thalamus increased 2DG uptake during MI stimulation.
Virtual lunar landscapes for testing vision-guided lunar landers (2003)

Virtual reality techniques are being used to support the development of unmanned space probes intended to land on other planets in the solar system. These planetary landers will operate autonomously during landing and will use vision for navigation and guidance down to a safe landing spot. Suitable vision techniques have been developed but must be extensively tested on realistic test surfaces. A system (LunarSim) for producing realistic simulations of heavily cratered planetary surfaces has been developed to support exhaustive testing of vision guidance software. The paper begins by describing the reasons for developing a realistic simulation of the lunar surface. The techniques that have been used to produce models of impact craters are then described. A description of the LunarSim software is provided and an example is presented of an image sequence produced using LunarSim. Finally a summary of related current and future work is given.
Jitterbug and TrueTime: Analysis Tools for Real-Time Control Systems (2002)

The paper presents two recently developed, MATLAB-based analysis tools for real-time control systems. The first tool, called JITTERBUG, isusedtocompute a performance criterion for a control loop under various timing conditions. The tool makes it easy to quickly judge how sensitive a controller is to implementation effects such as slow sampling, delays, jitter, etc. The second tool, called TRUETIME, allows detailed co-simulation of process dynamics, control task execution, and network communication in a distributed real-time control system. Arbitrary scheduling policies may be used, and the tasks may be written in C code, MATLAB code, or implemented as Simulink block diagrams. 1.
Neutrophils and Eosinophils: Clinical Implications of their Appearance, Presence and Disappearance in Asthma and COPD (2005)

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common chronic disorders. Traditionally, asthma has been associated with an eosinophilic inflammation and COPD with neutrophilic inflammation. In this review we will highlight the maturation, recruitment, activation, action and apoptosis of these cells. In addition we will focus on the evidence for their presence in disease and suggest potential new therapeutic interventions.
Bistable Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture Light Shutter (2010)

We developed a bistable polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (PSCT) light shutter which can be switched between a transparent state and an opaque state by voltage pulses. The PSCT light shutter is switched to a transparent state by a low frequency voltage pulse and remains transparent after the pulse. It is switched to an opaque state by a high frequency voltage pulse and remains opaque after the pulse. It can be used for architectural and greenhouse windows and is very energy-efficient.
[Effects of penile vasoactive mediators on the development of erectile dysfunction]. (2005)

Penile corpus cavernosum can be seen as a special kind of vascular structure. The cause of erectile dysfunction (ED) is often related to the changes of penile vasoactive mediators which modulate the functional conditions of penile erectile tissues. The penile vasoactive mediators including angiotensin and kinins, prostaglandins, endothelins, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF), NOS and NO, RhoA/Rho-kinases, etc., may play an important role in the development of ED. Further researches on these mediators can furnish some theoretical evidence for the clinical treatment of ED.
POMDP based robot teaching for high precision assembly in manufacturing automation (2013)

Robot teaching is a necessary process for setting up a robot for a new task from a simulation environment to real environment or improving the robot performance with new batch of workpieces. Typically robot teaching process is performed by human beings with a teach pendant. This will increase the operational cost and reduce the efficiency. In this paper we present a framework for autonomous robot teaching using one camera without hand-eye calibration. A mobile robot with a camera is an “adult” performing teaching tasks in a production line. To overcome the problem brought by single uncalibrated vision sensor, the concept of “View Cone” is utilized to provide an effective observations of the underlying metric information. Geometrical model of the “View Cone” is built to describe the relationship between block property and the underlying metric information. The robot teaching process is modeled as a Partial Observable Markov Decision Process(POMDP) and solved by the Successive Approximation of the Reachable Space under Optimal Policies (SARSOP) algorithm. Simulations were performed and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Theoretical analysis of the condensation of hydrogen peroxide gas and water vapour as used in surface decontamination. (2003)

For some time there has been two schools of thought about gaseous hydrogen peroxide surface decontamination. The traditional thinking as described in European Patent EP 0 486 623 B1 is that hydrogen peroxide gas decomposes according to a half-life rule and that decontamination is a dry gas process. Condensation should therefore be avoided as it causes the process to become uncontrollable. The other school of thought states that away from catalytic surfaces the gas is stable and condensation is unavoidable given the usual operating parameters. The second school of thought also believes that condensation is the primary method of causing the decontamination. The second process is described in detail in two UK Patent Applications numbers GB 2 354 443A and GB 2 351 664 A.
Contrast detection in fluid‐saturated media with magnetic resonance poroelastography (2010)

The findings suggest that the addition of hydraulic conductivity and a viscoelastic solid component as parameters in the reconstruction may be warranted.
<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (<i>Bt</i>) Toxin Susceptibility and Isolation of Resistance Mutants in the Nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2000)

The protein toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are the most widely used natural insecticides in agriculture. Despite successful and extensive use of these toxins in transgenic crops, little is known about toxicity and resistance pathways in target insects since these organisms are not ideal for molecular genetic studies. To address this limitation and to investigate the potential use of these toxins to control parasitic nematodes, we are studying Bt toxin action and resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate for the first time that a single Bt toxin can target a nematode. When fed Bt toxin, C. elegans hermaphrodites undergo extensive damage to the gut, a decrease in fertility, and death, consistent with toxin effects in insects. We have screened for and isolated 10 recessive mutants that resist the toxin's effects on the intestine, on fertility, and on viability. These mutants define five genes, indicating that more components are required for Bt toxicity than previously known. We find that a second, unrelated nematicidal Bt toxin may utilize a different toxicity pathway. Our data indicate that C. elegans can be used to undertake detailed molecular genetic analysis of Bt toxin pathways and that Bt toxins hold promise as nematicides.
Real-time adaptive control of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor (1991)

The authors develop a fully digital adaptive velocity controller for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The critical issues addressed during the development of this controller include discretization and global linearization of the nonlinear motor system, nonlinearities in the inverter, nonminimum phase behavior due to sampling, sampling rate restrictions, robust mechanical state estimation, persistent excitation of the mechanical states, mechanical parameter estimation and validation of these estimates, and unmodeled dynamics. The resulting adaptive controller is implemented in real time using a computer system based on the Motorola 68020 microprocessor. Experimental results demonstrate that the adaptive controller maintains the desired control over velocity in the presence of varying mechanical parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Network Function Virtualization based on FPGAs:A Framework for all-Programmable network devices (2014)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) refers to the use of commodity hardware resources as the basic platform to perform specialized network functions as opposed to specialized hardware devices. Currently, NFV is mainly implemented based on general purpose processors, or general purpose network processors. In this paper we propose the use of FPGAs as an ideal platform for NFV that can be used to provide both the flexibility of virtualizations and the high performance of the specialized hardware. We present the early attempts of using FPGAs dynamic reconfiguration in network processing applications to provide flexible network functions and we present the opportunities for an FPGA-based NFV platform.
Morphologic change in coronary artery stenosis with the medtronic Wiktor™ stent: Initial results from the core laboratory for quantitative angiography (1991)

The purpose of this study was to assess the early changes in stenosis geometry after implantation of the Medtronic Wiktor stent in human coronary arteries. Morphologic changes were evaluated by quantitative coronary angiography using automated edge detection. The hemodynamic significance of the morphologic changes were assessed by the calculation of the theoretical pressure drop across the dilated and stented stenosis derived from the Poiseuile and turbulent resistances assuming a coronary blood flow of either 0.5, 1, or 3 ml/sec. Fifty patients were studied before and immediately after stent implantation. The stented coronary artery was the left anterior descending artery in 26 patients, the circumflex artery in eight patients, and the right coronary artery in 16 patients. Stent implantation resulted in an additional increase in the minimal luminal cross-sectional area and minimal luminal diameter of the dilated vessel without changing the curvature of the stenosis. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction of the "plaque area." This was associated with a normalization of the calculated resistances to flow and pressure drop across the stenosis. To a minimal extent, recoil (0.1 +/- 0.36 mm) was observed after stent implantation.
Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation (ERAD) Pathway in Degradation of Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Proteins and Production of Virus Particles (2011)

Viral infections frequently cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in host cells leading to stimulation of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, which subsequently targets unassembled glycoproteins for ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. However, the role of the ERAD pathway in the viral life cycle is poorly defined. In this paper, we demonstrate that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection activates the ERAD pathway, which in turn controls the fate of viral glycoproteins and modulates virus production. ERAD proteins, such as EDEM1 and EDEM3, were found to increase ubiquitylation of HCV envelope proteins via direct physical interaction. Knocking down of EDEM1 and EDEM3 increased the half-life of HCV E2, as well as virus production, whereas exogenous expression of these proteins reduced the production of infectious virus particles. Further investigation revealed that only EDEM1 and EDEM3 bind with SEL1L, an ER membrane adaptor protein involved in translocation of ERAD substrates from the ER to the cytoplasm. When HCV-infected cells were treated with kifunensine, a potent inhibitor of the ERAD pathway, the half-life of HCV E2 increased and so did virus production. Kifunensine inhibited the binding of EDEM1 and EDEM3 with SEL1L, thus blocking the ubiquitylation of HCV E2 protein. Chemical inhibition of the ERAD pathway neither affected production of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) nor stability of the JEV envelope protein. A co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that EDEM orthologs do not bind with JEV envelope protein. These findings highlight the crucial role of the ERAD pathway in the life cycle of specific viruses.
Advanced Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Mass Transit and Heavy Truck Applications (2012)

The objective of the research effort is to develop cost-effective high performance thermoplastic composite materials and product forms and manufacturing of structural components for mass transit, heavy truck and military transport applications. Thermoplastic composites technologies possess the potential to provide structures with lower cost, lighter weight, and improved performance. This paper discusses an integrated processing and product development approach for select components such as seats, floor segments, and roof cover doors generic to mass transit, heavy transit and military transport. Long fiber thermoplastic (LFT) and continuous thermoplastic fiber forms have been used in processes ranging from extrusion-compression to vacuum thermoforming. About 40-60% weight savings with equivalent or enhanced performance have been achieved in these applications. Process modeling such as fiber/polymer melt flow in the LFT process has also been discussed in this paper.
On Some Practical Approximations to the Ideal Group Synchronization Process (1963)

The best possible group synchronization process is the one that selects the most probable starting position of a sync pattern known to have been inserted into the transmission format. Such a device involves computation of an inverse probability function in each possible location of the sync position. The computer proves to be impractical to instrument, in general, but for a waveform such as PCM with equal positive and negative pulses it reduces simply to a cross correlator as the signal-to-noise ratio increases. This suggests a new and practical philosophy of group synchronization based on statistical hypothesis testing. Practical group synchronizers based on this new philosophy are described that approximate the ideal and their performances are analyzed for a PCM waveform, for hypothesis tests for least squared error, maximum cross correlation and maximum digital cross correlation.
Inulin metabolism in dicots: chicory as a model system (2002)

Abstract Fructans are fructose‐based oligo‐ and polymers that serve as reserve carbohydrates in many plant species. The original Edelman and Jefford model for GF n inulin type fructan biosynthesis was confirmed by the de novo synthesis of fructans in vitro as well as by heterologous expression of the respective cDNAs in non‐fructan plants. Now the model can be extended for the biosynthesis of F n inulin type fructans. Recent progress has now succeeded in elucidating the biochemistry and molecular biology of fructan biodegradation in chicory, an economically important species used for commercial inulin extraction. Unlike fructan biosynthetic genes that originated from vacuolar type invertase, plant fructan exohydrolases seem to have evolved from a cell wall invertase ancestor gene that later obtained a low iso‐electric point and a vacuolar targeting signal. Using chicory as a model system, expression analysis revealed that fructan enzymes are mainly controlled at the transcriptional level.
Twinning and martensitic transformations in oriented high-density polyethylene (1974)

Abstract The deformation of high-density polyethylene with a single crystal texture by shear in directions perpendicular to the chain direction has been examined by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. It is found that samples can undergo either a martensitic transformation to a monoclinic cell, (100) [010] slip or (110) twinning depending upon the orientation of the specimen to the compression direction. A specific orientation relationship has been found between the new monoclinic cell and the parent orthorhombic cell and this has been compared with relationships found by other workers. Stress-strain curves have been obtained from other specimens and it is suggested that for specimens in certain orientations yield may take place by means of a martensitic transformation at a critical resolved shear stress of 14 ± 1 MNm-2.
Asymmetric Photoconductivity within Nanoscale Break Junctions (2003)

Electrically written silver oxide nanoscale break junctions clearly show asymmetric, wavelength-dependent photoconductivity, but only when either the anode oxide or the silver nanoclusters spanning the junction are illuminated. The higher oxygen content in the cathode increases the cathode oxide band gap and inhibits production of photoinjecting Ag nanoclusters. The optical and electronic properties of silver and its oxides suggest that useful nanoscale optoelectronic components can be created through a very simple one-step electromigration process.
Real-time garbage collection in multi-threaded systems on a single processor (2003)

We show the difficulties that arise for the implementation of a real-time garbage collector (GC) in a multi-threaded system. A mechanism for synchronization between threads is proposed for a single processor system. It is shown how this mechanism can be used to maintain exact information on roots, to do incremental or even constant-time root-scanning and to allow pre-emption of GC activity.
The 17-residue transmembrane domain of beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase is sufficient for Golgi retention (1992)

beta-Galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase (ST) is a type II integral membrane protein of the Golgi apparatus involved in the sialylation of N-linked glycans. A series of experiments has shown that the 17-residue transmembrane domain of ST is sufficient to confer localization to the Golgi apparatus when transferred to the corresponding region of a cell surface type II integral membrane protein. Lectin affinity chromatography of chimeric proteins bearing this 17-residue sequence suggests that these chimeric proteins are localized in the trans-Golgi cisternae and/or trans-Golgi network. Further experiments suggest that this 17-residue sequence functions as a retention signal for the Golgi apparatus.
Mutational analysis of the envelope gene of Moloney murine leukemia virus (1993)

The env gene products of Moloney murine leukemia virus are required for binding and entry of the virus into the target cell. Thirty-three linker insertion mutations were constructed throughout the env gene of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Twenty of the mutations were located in the surface protein (SU), and the remaining thirteen were located in the transmembrane protein (TM). The viability of the viruses containing these env gene mutations was determined by performing transient transfections and screening for the release of reverse transcriptase. Eleven viable mutants were isolated, nine in SU and two in TM. Three of the viable mutants were temperature sensitive. Four of the viable mutants were clustered in the carboxy terminus of SU. The env gene products of transfected cell lines which produced viable virus were analyzed. Our results indicated two regions of SU important for the stability of the SU/TM heteropolymer and one region important for the interaction of the env gene products with the viral core.
Differential Gene Expression in Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Revealed by a New Analytical Model of RNA-Seq Data (2012)

Resistance to tamoxifen (Tam), a widely used antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER), is a common obstacle to successful breast cancer treatment. While adjuvant therapy with Tam has been shown to significantly decrease the rate of disease recurrence and mortality, recurrent disease occurs in one third of patients treated with Tam within 5 years of therapy. A better understanding of gene expression alterations associated with Tam resistance will facilitate circumventing this problem. Using a next generation sequencing approach and a new bioinformatics model, we compared the transcriptomes of Tam-sensitive and Tam-resistant breast cancer cells for identification of genes involved in the development of Tam resistance. We identified differential expression of 1215 mRNA and 513 small RNA transcripts clustered into ERα functions, cell cycle regulation, transcription/translation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The extent of alterations found at multiple levels of gene regulation highlights the ability of the Tam-resistant cells to modulate global gene expression. Alterations of small nucleolar RNA, oxidative phosphorylation, and proliferation processes in Tam-resistant cells present areas for diagnostic and therapeutic tool development for combating resistance to this anti-estrogen agent.