gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of small metallic particles in a continuous dielectric medium (1983)

The dielectric function of an inhomogeneous system consisting of small particles in a dielectric host material is investigated using a lattice gas model to describe the topological disorder among the particles. By applying the coherent potential approximation, an effective single-particle polarisability is found, which contains the influence of the local electric fields arising from randomly distributed particles. In the Maxwell-Garnett theory it is assumed that these fields in a random distribution of dipoles are the same as those calculated for a cubic array of dipoles. The disorder is shown to give a substantial red shift of absorption peaks and a comparable blue shift of loss lines. Moreover, absorption as well as loss features are very strongly broadened. These kinds of shifts and enhanced linewidths have been observed experimentally for many systems. A detailed comparison with measured spectra is given for silver particles immersed in a gelatin matrix.
Fragmin: a calcium ion sensitive regulatory factor on the formation of actin filaments (1980)

Physarum actinin previously isolated [Hatano, S., & Owaribe, K. (1976) in Cell Motility (Goldman, R., Pollard, T., & Rosenbaum, J., Eds.) Vol. 3, Book B, p 499, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY] was found to be a 1:1 complex of actin and fragmin which is a regulatory factor in the formation of actin filaments. Since fragmin did not contain a cysteine residue, it was purified from the complex by the selective cleavage of actin with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid, followed by column chromatography. Fragmin had nearly the same molecular weight as actin, but had a quite different amino acid composition. When added to G-actin before polymerization, fragmin accelerated the initial viscosity increase of actin solutions induced by salts, but kept the final viscosity much lower than normal F-actin. When added to F-actin after polymerization, fragmin drastically reduced the viscosity of actin solutions. In both cases, the final products of reaction of fragmin with actin were short F-actin filaments. The number average length of the filaments decreased with the increasing molar ratio of fragmin to actin, and the length distribution was always exponential. Fragmin required for its activity a concentration of free Ca2+ higher than 10(-6) M. When the concentration of free Ca2+ was lower than 10(-7) M, fragmin affected neither actin polymerization nor F-actin. The regulation by Ca2+ was reversible.
Improving Through-Flight Schedules (1987)

Abstract In the wake of airline deregulation, most carriers have been forced to reexamine both their pricing strategies and operating schedules. With reference to the latter, one of the factors that has been largely overlooked as a source of additional revenue is the convenience of a through flight over a connecting flight. The purpose of this paper is to explore this issue by developing an algorithm that can be used to effectively pair inbound and outbound routes at hub cities over the course of the day. We take the view that if demand is dependent from one period to the next then significantly higher revenues can be realized by making appropriate adjustments in the scheduling algorithm. The methodology is based on a forward looking heuristic designed to skirt the combinatorial difficulties that arise in problems of this magnitude. The algorithm is first demonstrated on a 6 city, 3 period problem, and then applied to the Dallas/Fort Worth hub, the home base of American Airlines who supplied the data. In the full analysis, 62 cities were scheduled over 10 time periods. The results yielded benefits of up to 60% over current procedures and confirmed the value in trying to quantify the model's underlying parameters.
LPS-Induced TLR4 Signaling in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells Increases β1 Integrin-Mediated Cell Adhesion and Liver Metastasis (2011)

Infectious complications resulting from resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) elevates the risk of cancer recurrence and metastasis, but the reason for this risk relationship is unknown. Defining the mechanisms responsible may offer opportunities to improve outcomes in a majority of patients whose tumors are resected as part of their therapy. The complex formed between Toll receptor TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor MD2 defines a major cell surface receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a gram-negative bacterial antigen that has been implicated in infectious complications after CRC resection. As the TLR4/MD2 complex is expressed on CRC cells, we hypothesized that LPS may promote liver metastasis in CRC by stimulating TLR4 signaling. In support of this hypothesis, we report here that LPS enhances liver metastasis of human CRC cells that express TLR4/MD2 after intrasplenic graft of immunocompromised nude mice. Compared with TLR4 nonexpressing, nonmetastatic CRC cells, we observed increased in vitro adherence to different extracellular matrices and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Furthermore, we observed an increased likelihood of in vivo capture within hepatic sinusoids after LPS treatment. No differences were apparent in phosphorylation of p38 and MAPK isoforms, but in metastatic CRC cells expressing surface TLR4 treatment with LPS increased Ser473 phosphorylation of AKT kinase. We showed that enhanced adherence elicited by LPS in these cells could be blocked at three different levels, using Eritoran (TLR4 small molecule antagonist), PI-103 (PI3K inhibitor), or anti-β1 integrin blocking antibodies. Taken together, the results indicate that stimulation of the TLR4/MD2 complex by LPS activates PI3K/AKT signaling and promotes downstream β1 integrin function, thereby increasing the adhesiveness and metastatic capacity of CRC cells. Our findings suggest that inhibiting LPS-induced TLR4 signaling could improve therapeutic outcomes by preventing cancer metastasis during the perioperative period of CRC resection.
Metabolomic Tools for Secondary Metabolite Discovery from Marine Microbial Symbionts (2014)

Marine invertebrate-associated symbiotic bacteria produce a plethora of novel secondary metabolites which may be structurally unique with interesting pharmacological properties. Selection of strains usually relies on literature searching, genetic screening and bioactivity results, often without considering the chemical novelty and abundance of secondary metabolites being produced by the microorganism until the time-consuming bioassay-guided isolation stages. To fast track the selection process, metabolomic tools were used to aid strain selection by investigating differences in the chemical profiles of 77 bacterial extracts isolated from cold water marine invertebrates from Orkney, Scotland using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Following mass spectrometric analysis and dereplication using an Excel macro developed in-house, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to differentiate the bacterial strains based on their chemical profiles. NMR 1H and correlation spectroscopy (COSY) were also employed to obtain a chemical fingerprint of each bacterial strain and to confirm the presence of functional groups and spin systems. These results were then combined with taxonomic identification and bioassay screening data to identify three bacterial strains, namely Bacillus sp. 4117, Rhodococcus sp. ZS402 and Vibrio splendidus strain LGP32, to prioritize for scale-up based on their chemically interesting secondary metabolomes, established through dereplication and interesting bioactivities, determined from bioassay screening.
Antiproliferative mechanism of action of cryptophycin-52: Kinetic stabilization of microtubule dynamics by high-affinity binding to microtubule ends (1998)

Cryptophycin-52 (LY355703) is a new synthetic member of the cryptophycin family of antimitotic antitumor agents that is currently undergoing clinical evaluation. At high concentrations (>/=10 times the IC50), cryptophycin-52 blocked HeLa cell proliferation at mitosis by depolymerizing spindle microtubules and disrupting chromosome organization. However, low concentrations of cryptophycin-52 inhibited cell proliferation at mitosis (IC50 = 11 pM) without significantly altering spindle microtubule mass or organization. Cryptophycin-52 appears to be the most potent suppressor of microtubule dynamics found thus far. It suppressed the dynamic instability behavior of individual microtubules in vitro (IC50 = 20 nM), reducing the rate and extent of shortening and growing without significantly reducing polymer mass or mean microtubule length. Using [3H]cryptophycin-52, we found that the compound bound to microtubule ends in vitro with high affinity (Kd, 47 nM, maximum of approximately 19.5 cryptophycin-52 molecules per microtubule). By analyzing the effects of cryptophycin-52 on dynamics in relation to its binding to microtubules, we determined that approximately 5-6 molecules of cryptophycin-52 bound to a microtubule were sufficient to decrease dynamicity by 50%. Cryptophycin-52 became concentrated in cells 730-fold, and the resulting intracellular cryptophycin-52 concentration was similar to that required to stabilize microtubule dynamics in vitro. The data suggest that cryptophycin-52 potently perturbs kinetic events at microtubule ends that are required for microtubule function during mitosis and that it acts by forming a reversible cryptophycin-52-tubulin stabilizing cap at microtubule ends.
Impacts of Si-doping and resultant cation vacancy formation on the luminescence dynamics for the near-band-edge emission of Al0.6Ga0.4N films grown on AlN templates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2013)

Luminescence dynamics for the near-band-edge (NBE) emission peak at around 250 nm of c-plane Si-doped Al0.6Ga0.4N films grown on AlN templates by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy were studied using deep ultraviolet time-resolved photoluminescence and time-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopies. For the films with the Si-doping concentration, [Si], lower than 1.9 × 1017 cm–3, the doping lessened the concentration of cation vacancies, [VIII], through the surfactant effect or the aid of the reactant doping in a form of H3SiNH2. However, the room-temperature nonradiative lifetime, and, consequently, the equivalent value of internal quantum efficiency in the weak excitation regime steeply decreased when [Si] exceeded 1018 cm−3. Simultaneously, the intensity ratio of the deep-state emission band to the NBE emission abruptly increased. Because the increase in [Si] essentially gives rise to the increase in [VIII] (for [Si]&gt;1.9×1017 cm−3) and the overcompensation of Si is eventually observed for the film with [Si] = 4.0 × 1018 cm−3, the formation of acceptor-type native-defect complexes containing Si such as VIII-SiIII is suggested.
Word-Level Predicate-Abstraction and Refinement Techniques for Verifying RTL Verilog (2008)

As a first step, most model checkers used in the hardware industry convert a high-level register-transfer-level (RTL) design into a netlist. However, algorithms that operate at the netlist level are unable to exploit the structure of the higher abstraction levels and, thus, are less scalable. The RTL of a hardware description language such as Verilog is similar to a software program with special features for hardware design such as bit-vector arithmetic and concurrency. This paper uses predicate abstraction, a software verification technique, for verifying RTL Verilog. There are two challenges when applying predicate abstraction to circuits: 1) the computation of the abstract model in presence of a large number of predicates and 2) the discovery of suitable word-level predicates for abstraction refinement. We address the first problem using a technique called predicate clustering. We address the second problem by computing the weakest preconditions of Verilog statements in order to obtain new word-level predicates during abstraction refinement. We compare the performance of our technique with localization reduction, a netlist-level abstraction technique, and report improvements on a set of benchmarks.
Digital Measurement of Angular Velocity for Instrumentation and Control (1976)

A new approach to digital measurements of angular velocity for control applications is discussed. An optical transducer is described which provides a pulse rate. The pulse period is measured and the division of time is achieved by either a general purpose or a special purpose processor. Since sampling intervals are small, measurements are available in digital form almost immediately. Other advantages include the capability to measure transient angular velocity characteristics and the accurate measurement of angular velocity near zero. With modifications the system can be transformed into an accelerometer.
High-pressure gas switch for a wideband source (1992)

High-power ultrawideband pulses with equivalent center frequencies around 10 GHz require switching in a time scale of about a hundred picoseconds. We are developing a high-pressure gas switch that is designed to store a few joules of energy. Energy is stored in the transmission line upstream of the switch. The switch is a gap in a short transmission line of low impedance. The line is pulse charged to store the desired energy before the electric field across the gap collapses from the avalanche buildup of electrons. To ensure a relatively uniform voltage collapse across the width of the gap, initial electrons are produced by radiation from a bare spark. The switching repeatability is very good when the spark provides the initial electrons. Gap electric fields greater than 1 MV/cm were achieved for a 10-atm switch pressure in air with a voltage collapse less than 150 ps over 6 cm of switch length. The switch was tested with repetitive pulses up to 1 kHz. In a pulse charging mode, the collapse time of the gap will typically be 5 times less than the charging time. For applications where a switching time of tens of picoseconds is desired, a second switch would be required.
Corrosion Behavior of Alloys in High Temperature Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2012)

Abstract The supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle is under consideration for power conversion of VHTR process heat and other energy-related applications because it allows for system simplification and high power conversion efficiencies. A high temperature, high pressure autoclave has been designed and constructed for testing materials corrosion in supercritical CO2 environments at temperatures and pressures of up to 650°C and 20MPa respectively. The system is equipped with a gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) unit for measuring inlet and outlet gas compositions. The gas flow rate, composition, pressure, and temperature are monitored automatically and continuously using LabView software. Using this facility, the corrosion behavior of select alloys was studied after exposure to supercritical CO2 at 450°C and 20 MPa for exposure durations of up to 1000hours. Tests were performed using research grade (99.9998%) CO2. The alloys selected for this study were two ferritic steels NF616 and HCM12A, 347 austenitic stainless steel, and advanced concept AFA (alumina-forming austenitic) alloy. The corrosion performance of the alloys was evaluated using weight change measurements and SEM/EDS analyses of the alloy samples after corrosion testing. The test equipment will be first described followed by a discussion of the corrosion behavior of the various alloys.
Unsupervised learning of motion patterns of rear surrounding vehicles (2009)

Awareness to a vehicle's surrounding is necessary for safe driving. Current surround technologies focus on the detection of obstacles in hard-to-view places but may neglect temporal information. This paper seeks the causes of dangerous situations by examining surround behavior. A general hierarchical learning framework is introduced to automatically learn surround behaviors. By observing motion trajectories during natural driving, models of rear vehicle behaviors are obtained in an unsupervised fashion. The extracted behaviors are shown to correspond to typical driving scenarios, vehicle overtake and surround overtake, demonstrating the effectiveness of the learning framework.
Central Cholinergic Agents. II. Synthesis and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of N-(.OMEGA.-(N-Alkyl-N-(phenylmethyl)amino)alkyl)-3-arylpropenamides. (1991)

A series of N-[omega-[N-alkyl-N-(phenylmethyl)amino]alkyl]-3-arylpropenamides was prepared and tested for its inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase. Some in the series were found to be potent inhibitors. The structure-activity relationships were discussed in detail.
A comparative analysis of linear multiuser detectors for fading multipath channels (2002)

In this paper, we compare two linear multiuser receivers for synchronous CDMA frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels. The first receiver consists of a bank of matched filters followed by a linear transformation and an optimal combiner for each user. The second consists of a bank of RAKE receivers followed by a linear transformation. We consider receivers for both coherent and differentially coherent PSK demodulation. While the conventional single-user receiver's performance is severely limited by near-far effects in the multiuser environment, both of these multiuser receivers mitigate the near-far problem and provide significant performance gains for moderate to high SNRs. It is shown that the second receiver has a uniformly lower error rate than the first and that its performance gains relative to the first increase as the number of users and received multipaths increases.
The changing epidemiology of infection in burn patients (1992)

Topical chemotherapy, prompt excision, and timely closure of the burn wound have significantly reduced the occurrence of invasive burn wound infection and its related mortality. Since wound protection is imperfect and invasive wound infection may still occur in patients with massive burns in whom wound closure is delayed, scheduled wound surveillance and biopsy monitoring are necessary to assess the microbial status of the burn wound and identify wound infections caused by resistant bacteria or non-bacterial opportunists at a stage when therapeutic intervention can control the process. As a reflection of the systemic immunosuppressive effects of burn injury, infection remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality even though the occurrence of wound infections has been significantly decreased. Pneumonia is the most frequent infection occurring in burn patients today but the improvements in patient management, wound care, and infection control have made bronchopneumonia the most common form of this infection and gram-positive organisms the most common causative agents. The organisms causing bacteremia that exert a species specific effect on the mortality related to extent of burn injury and patient age have changed in concert with changes in wound flora. Infection control procedures, including scheduled surveillance cultures, utilization of cohort patient care methodology, strict enforcement of patient and staff hygiene, and patient monitoring have been effective in eliminating endemic resistant microbial strains, preventing the establishment of newly introduced resistant organisms, diagnosing infection in a timely fashion, instituting antibiotic and other necessary therapy in a prompt manner, and documenting the effectiveness of present day burn patient care and the improved survival of burn patients.
Automatic Ultrasonic Flaw Plotting (1952)

The interior of forgings as revealed by ultrasonic echo techniques is displayed as orthographic projections on cathode-ray tubes. The scanner, Snell's law computer, and display circuits are discussed and slides are presented showing correlation between the plotted ultrasonic images and defects in metal.
Maxi-K Potassium Channels: Form, Function, and Modulation of a Class of Endogenous Regulators of Intracellular Calcium (2001)

Large-conductance calcium-activated (maxi-K, BK) potassium channels are widely distributed in the brain. Maxi-K channels function as neuronal calcium sensors and contribute to the control of cellular excitability and the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Little is currently known of any significant role of maxi-K channels in the genesis of neurological disease. Recent advances in the molecular biology and pharmacology of these channels have revealed sources of phenotypic variability and demonstrated that they can be successfully modulated by pharmacological agents. A potential role is suggested in the treatment of conditions such as ischemic stroke and cognitive disorders.
The middle class patriarch in the bourgeois public in Sweden : スウェーデンにおけるパターナリズムと市民的公共性 (特集 パターナリズムの国際比較) (2009)

The middle class patriarch in the bourgeois public in Sweden : スウェーデンにおけるパターナリズムと市民的公共性 (特集 パターナリズムの国際比較)
A New Hot Spot for Mutations in the<i>ret</i>Protooncogene Causing Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A<sup>1</sup> (1998)

One hundred and eighty-one families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN-2A) or familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) have been investigated for mutations in the ret protooncogene in Germany. In 8 families with FMTC or MEN-2A, no mutation could be detected in the cysteine-rich domain encoded in exons 10 and 11 of the ret protooncogene. DNA sequencing of additional exons (no. 13-15) revealed rare noncysteine mutations in 3 families (codons 631, 768, and 844). In contrast to these rare events, heterozygous missense mutations in exon 13, codons 790 and 791, were found in 5 families (4 with MTC only; 1 family with MTC and pheochromocytoma) and 11 patients with apparently sporadic tumors. Two different mutations in codon 790 (TTG-->TTT, TTG-->TTC; Leu790Phe) and one mutation in codon 791 (TAT-->TTT; Tyr791Phe) created a phenylalanine residue. We conclude that codons 790 and 791 of the ret protooncogene represent a new hot spot for FMTC/MEN-2A causing mutations. With the discovery of these considerably common mutations in codons 790 and 791 and the identification of some rare mutations, 100% of the German FMTC/MEN-2A families could be characterized by a mutation in the ret protooncogene.
GABOR FILTER-BASED FACE RECOGNITION TECHNIQUE (2010)

We propose a novel human face recognition approach in this paper, based on two-dimensional Gabor filtering and supervised classification. The feature extraction technique proposed in this article uses 2D Gabor filter banks and produces robust 3D face feature vectors. A supervised classifier, using minimum average distances, is developed for these vectors. The recognition process is completed by a threshold-based face verification method, also provided. A high facial recognition rate is obtained using our technique. Some experiments, whose satisfactory results prove the effectiveness of this recognition approach, are also described in the paper.
API access control in cloud using the Role Based Access Control Model (2010)

As cloud is an emerging paradigm of computing, it throws open various challenges and issues. The major issue hindering the growth of popularity of usage of cloud computing is Cloud security. There are numerous cloud security issues, of which this paper addresses the problem of insecure APIs. APIs act as the interface between cloud provider and the customer and the security of cloud computing depends largely on the security of these APIs. Hence a strong API access control mechanism is required. This paper proposes a two stage access control mechanism implemented at the API level using the Role Based Access Control Model (RBAC).