gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toll-like receptor 9 mediates innate immune activation by the malaria pigment hemozoin (2005)

Malaria parasites within red blood cells digest host hemoglobin into a hydrophobic heme polymer, known as hemozoin (HZ), which is subsequently released into the blood stream and then captured by and concentrated in the reticulo-endothelial system. Accumulating evidence suggests that HZ is immunologically active, but the molecular mechanism(s) through which HZ modulates the innate immune system has not been elucidated. This work demonstrates that HZ purified from Plasmodium falciparum is a novel non-DNA ligand for Toll-like receptor (TLR)9. HZ activated innate immune responses in vivo and in vitro, resulting in the production of cytokines, chemokines, and up-regulation of costimulatory molecules. Such responses were severely impaired in TLR9−/− and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)−/−, but not in TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, or Toll/interleukin 1 receptor domain–containing adaptor-inducing interferon β−/− mice. Synthetic HZ, which is free of the other contaminants, also activated innate immune responses in vivo in a TLR9-dependent manner. Chloroquine (CQ), an antimalarial drug, abrogated HZ-induced cytokine production. These data suggest that TLR9-mediated, MyD88-dependent, and CQ-sensitive innate immune activation by HZ may play an important role in malaria parasite–host interactions.
An Initiation Zone of Chromosomal DNA Replication at the Chicken Lysozyme Gene Locus (1998)

The chicken lysozyme gene domain is distinguished by a broad knowledge of how its expression is regulated. Here, we examined the in vivo replication of the lysozyme gene locus using polymerase chain reaction amplification and competitive polymerase chain reaction of size-fractionated, nascent DNA strands. We found that DNA replication initiates at multiple sites within a broad initiation zone spanning at least 20 kilobases, which includes most of the lysozyme gene domain. The 5' border of this zone is probably located downstream of the lysozyme 5' nuclear matrix attachment region. Preferred initiation occurs in a 3'-located subzone. The initiation zone at the lysozyme gene locus is also active in nonexpressing liver DU249 cells. Furthermore, examining the timing of DNA replication at the lysozyme gene locus revealed that the gene locus replicates early during S phase in both HD11 and DU249 cells, irrespective of its transcriptional activity.
Missed Diagnosis of Critical Congenital Heart Disease (2008)

Up to 30 infants per year died of a missed or possibly late diagnosis of CCHD in California. Most deaths due to a missed diagnosis were from HLHS and coarctation of the aorta. Because the median age at death was younger than 2 weeks, a careful cardiovascular evaluation for left heart obstructive CHD should be performed during the first postdischarge visit to a pediatrician's office at 3 to 5 days of age.
THE SYSTEM, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>—SO<sub>3</sub>—H<sub>2</sub>O (1922)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SYSTEM, Fe2O3—SO3—H2OE. Posnjak and H. E. MerwinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1922, 44, 9, 1965–1994Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1922Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1922https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01430a016Request reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of D-SSF Processed Al-Zn-Mg Alloys with High Fe Content (2014)

Microstructures and mechanical properties of the D-SSF (Deformation Semisolid Forming) processed Al-Zn-Mg alloys with high Fe content up to 2 mass% were investigated. A high ductility alloy even containing 1 mass% Fe was successfully produced by applying the D-SSF process. Especially, the D-SSF processed alloy with 1 mass% Fe was superior to the conventionally processed alloy with Fe-free in the properties of the tensile strength and elongation. These results clearly indicate that the harmful influence by the addition of 1 mass% Fe is effectively modified into not harmful one by applying the D-SSF process. Furthermore, the former liquid phase regions (FLP regions) which are finally solidified during the D-SSF process are completely extinguished by the solution treatment and resultantly the mechanical properties are greatly improved. The extinction process of the FLP regions during the solution treatment was examined using an EBSD method in terms of the crystal orientations of the α-Al grains.
Mycosubtilins B and C: minor antibiotics from mycosubtilin-producer Bacillus subtilis. (1990)

Mycosubtilins B and C were isolated from the culture medium of Bacillus subtilis. The acid hydrolysates of these new antifungal antibiotics, like mycosubtilin, contain alpha-amino acids (Asp3, Glu1, Pro1, Ser1 and Tyr1) and a mixture of iso-C16, n-C16, iso-C17 and anteiso-C17 beta-amino acids. Mycosubtilins B and C differ by the presence of a carboxyl group and of a carboxymethyl group, respectively, instead of a carboxamide group in previously described mycosubtilin.
Structural gene and complete amino acid sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3455 elastase (1989)

The DNA encoding the elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3455 was cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. When the cloned gene was ligated to pUC18, the Escherichia coli expression vector, bacteria carrying the gene exhibited high levels of both elastase activity and elastase antigens. The amino acid sequence, deduced from the nucleotide sequence, revealed that the mature elastase consisted of 301 amino acids with a relative molecular mass of 32,926 daltons. The amino acid composition predicted from the DNA sequence was quite similar to the chemically determined composition of purified elastase reported previously. We also observed nucleotide sequence encoding a signal peptide and "pro" sequence consisting of 197 amino acids upstream from the mature elastase protein gene. The amino acid sequence analysis revealed that both the N-terminal sequence of the purified elastase and the N-terminal side sequences of the C-terminal tryptic peptide as well as the internal lysyl peptide fragment were completely identical to the deduced amino acid sequences. The pattern of identity of amino acid sequences was quite evident in the regions that include structurally and functionally important residues of Bacillus subtilis thermolysin.
Oxidation of Copper Sulfides in Aqueous Ammonia. III. Kinetic Characteristics (1979)

The kinetics of oxidation with oxygen of chalcocite, Cu2S, to CuS in buffered aqueous ammonia at pH 10.5 at 30º can be modeled approximately by a shrinking core of Cu2S within a thickening shell of CuxS (x = 1). The Cu2S core offers partial cathodic protection to the CuxS and diffusion of Cu+ through CuxS controls the rate of reaction. The kinetics of oxidation of covellite, CuS, to Cu2+, sulfur and sulfate ions in the same solvent can be modeled by a shrinking core of CuS surrounded by a shrinking sphere of CuyS (y &lt; 1) which is much less effectively protected cathodically by the CuS core. Oxidation of CuS is subject to mixed chemical and diffusion control. Rates of oxidation of NiS and of CuS, in the presence and absence of tetrachloroethene and ammonium sulfate, show that, whether sulfur is a major oxidation product or not, the presence of sulfur has very little, if any, influence on the rate or mechanism of oxidation. This is contrary to current ideas on metal sulfide oxidation.
Active oxygen processing for acrylic intraocular lenses to prevent posterior capsule opacification (2006)

Active oxygen processing and argon plasma irradiation on the surface of IOLs was effective in preventing secondary PCO after cataract surgery.
Omega-Cyclohexyl Derivatives of Various Normal Aliphatic Acids (1926)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOmega-Cyclohexyl Derivatives of Various Normal Aliphatic AcidsG Hiers and Roger AdamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 12, 3233Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1926Publication History Published online12 July 2002Published inissue 1 December 1926https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01691a605https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01691a605research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Combined Group/Tree Approach for Many-to-Many Reliable Multicast. (2002)

Gibberellins (GAs) is one kind of important endogenous hormone in plants that regulates vegetative and reproductive growth of plants. GA2ox is a class of oxidase that plays a regulatory role in the third stage of GAs synthesis. In this paper, we cloned the GhGA2ox1 gene from an upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. CCRI49). The results showed that the CDS of GhGA2ox1 is 996 bp, which encode 331 amino acids, which has high homology with GhGA2ox2 and NtGA2ox1. The quantitative real-time PCR showed that under the conditions of salt and drought stress, the expression of GhGA2ox1 had a higher upregulation in root, stem, and leaf of transgenic plant, compared with non-transgenic plant. Cotton plant that overexpressed the GhGA2ox1 gene showed higher drought and salt tolerance than non-transgenic cotton plant, and these results were supported by data of higher free proline, chlorophyll, and relative water content in transgenic plant compared with control plant. The expression level of antiretroviral genes, including GhEREB2, GhDREB1, GhWRKY5, and GhP5CS, was upregulated to varying degrees in transgenic plant. The above results indicate that overexpressed GhGA2ox1 gene can increases the tolerance to respond to drought and salt stress in upland cotton.
Assembly, maturation and three-dimensional helical structure of the teratogenic rubella virus (2017)

Viral infections during pregnancy are a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Of these, rubella virus infection is a well-substantiated example that leads to miscarriages or severe fetal defects. However, structural information about the rubella virus has been lacking due to the pleomorphic nature of the virions. Here we report a helical structure of rubella virions using cryo-electron tomography. Sub-tomogram averaging of the surface spikes established the relative positions of the viral glycoproteins, which differed from the earlier icosahedral models of the virus. Tomographic analyses of in vitro assembled nucleocapsids and virions provide a template for viral assembly. Comparisons of immature and mature virions show large rearrangements in the glycoproteins that may be essential for forming the infectious virions. These results present the first known example of a helical membrane-enveloped virus, while also providing a structural basis for its assembly and maturation pathway.
Testing probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (Mutaflor) for its ability to reduce carriage of multidrug-resistant E. coli by elderly residents in long-term care facilities (2010)

A high carriage rate of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDREC) was observed in elderly residents in long-term care facilities. A double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was carried out to determine whether the probiotic product E. coli strain Nissle 1917 (Mutaflor) would compete with MDREC in the bowel and thereby reduce the prevalence of the multiresistant bacteria in faeces and urine. Sixty-nine patients excreting norfloxacin-resistant E. coli were randomized to probiotic or placebo groups and administered capsules twice daily. The daily dose of probiotic was 5×10(9)-5×10(10) bacteria. Faecal and urine samples were cultured at baseline and during and after the treatment period. A reduction in baseline carriage was not influenced by probiotic administration. The probiotic strain was detected in faecal specimens collected during the treatment period of only two out of 12 probiotic group subjects that were tested. Genotyping of norfloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates showed that 32 strains were prevalent among the patients. Thus, E. coli Nissle 1917 does not have the capacity to compete effectively with MDREC in the bowel of elderly patients.
Experiments on three-step fast cell search algorithm employing common pilot channel for OFCDM broadband packet wireless access in forward link (2005)

This paper presents laboratory and field experimental results on a three-step cell search algorithm employing the time-multiplexed common pilot channel (CPICH) for orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) broadband wireless access with a 100-MHz bandwidth. In the proposed three-step cell search method using a two-dimensional cell-specific scrambling code, the OFCDM symbol timing, packet frame timing and scrambling code group, and the scrambling code within the group are detected by taking advantage of the CPICH in the first, second, and third step, respectively (note that the packet data channel (PDCH) is also used in the first step). The laboratory experimental results using a multipath fading simulator show that the cell detection probability of 90% is achieved within approximately 4 and 26 msec when the average received signal energy per symbol-to-background noise power spectrum density ratio (E/sub b//N/sub 0/) of the PDCH is -2 and -5 dB, respectively, where the maximum Doppler frequency is 20 to 400 Hz and the root mean squared delay spread is 0.1 to 0.6 /spl mu/sec. Furthermore, field experimental results with the carrier frequency of 4.635 GHz show that the cell search time at the detection probability of 90% is approximately 10 msec in a course that is 800 to 1000 meters away from the cell site, even with the transmission power of the time-multiplexed CPICH (PDCH) of 0.06 W (0.13 W).
Protecting groups in the preparation of thiolate complexes of technetium (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtecting groups in the preparation of thiolate complexes of technetiumN. Bryson, J. Lister-James, A. G. Jones, W. M. Davis, and Alan DavisonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 16, 2948–2951Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00341a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00341a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The automatic generation of literature abstracts: an approach based on the identification of self-indicating phrases (1980)

Considering the important part played by abstracts in the traditional information services, the possibility of producing abstracts by computer has not received very much attention. There are perhaps two main reasons for this. First, it appears tha t the production of well-constructed abstracts is an artificial intelligence problem, and therefore unlikely to be either feasible or worthwhile until well into the future: the alternative of picking sentences from here and there in a document is a rather unattractive proposition. Second, the cost of key-punching complete texts for input to an abstracting program can hardly be justified especially since the program will then in effect discard most of the text which has been so laboriously prepared. It now appears that the first of these objections is exaggerated --reasonable-looking abstracts can often be produced by quite 'unintelligent' programs -whi le with advances in technology the second problem should soon disappear. We should be ready to take advantage of this when it happens. Early work in this field concentrated on the extracting problem: that is to say, with finding sentences which could be extracted from a text to convey a good idea of its subject matter. Luhn (1958) write a program which looked for sentences containing clusters of 'key words': that is, the most frequent noncommonplace words in the text. The clusters were weighted according to their size and density, and those sentences containing the most highly weighted clusters were selected. At about the same time Baxendale (1958) drew attention to the fact that the position of a sentence within a text has a bearing on its importance: for instance, she showed that in 85 per cent of a sample of 200 paragraphs the 'topic' sentence was the first, while in another 7 per cent it was the last. Extending this idea, we can understand that the first few and the last few paragraphs of a document are likely to give a strong indication of its overall subject: the pages in between usually contain a lot of detail, which is not of much value taken out of its context. During the 1960s the most important work was carried out by Edmundson (1969), who studied four extracting methods, both individually and in all possible combinations. All four methods involved the assignment of weights to sentences, and the subsequent selection of sentences with the highest weights. The location method weighted sentences if they occurred in preferred positions
The Leucine-rich Repeat Protein LRIG1 Is a Negative Regulator of ErbB Family Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (2004)

The molecular mechanisms by which mammalian receptor tyrosine kinases are negatively regulated remain largely unexplored. Previous genetic and biochemical studies indicate that Kekkon-1, a transmembrane protein containing leucine-rich repeats and an immunoglobulin-like domain in its extracellular region, acts as a feedback negative regulator of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling in Drosophila melanogaster development. Here we tested whether the related human LRIG1 (also called Lig-1) protein can act as a negative regulator of EGF receptor and its relatives, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4. We observed that in co-transfected 293T cells, LRIG1 forms a complex with each of the ErbB receptors independent of growth factor binding. We further observed that co-expression of LRIG1 with EGF receptor suppresses cellular receptor levels, shortens receptor half-life, and enhances ligand-stimulated receptor ubiquitination. Finally, we observed that co-expression of LRIG1 suppresses EGF-stimulated transformation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts and that the inducible expression of LRIG1 in PC3 prostate tumor cells suppresses EGF- and neuregulin-1-stimulated cell cycle progression. Our observations indicate that LRIG1 is a negative regulator of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases and suggest that LRIG1-mediated receptor ubiquitination and degradation may contribute to the suppression of ErbB receptor function.
Distinct Effects of Pravastatin, Atorvastatin, and Simvastatin on Insulin Secretion from a &beta;-cell Line, MIN6 Cells (2006)

In addition to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases by lowering plasma LDL cholesterol, recent studies suggest that statins could have some impact on insulin action. To estimate the direct effects of statins on insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells, MIN6 cells were treated with pravastatin, simvastatin, or atorvastatin. Basal insulin secretion at low glucose concentration was unexpectedly increased at very high doses of simvastatin or atorvastatin after 24- and 48-hour incubation. Insulin secretion at high glucose was not significantly changed, and thus, net glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was apparently decreased by these lipophilic statins. The changes in insulin secretion were highly associated with increased endogenous SREBP activities in response to HMG-CoA inhibition as estimated by SRE-luciferase assays, and finally after 48-hour incubation, accompanied by impaired cell viability as estimated by MTT assays. In contrast, these changes were much less prominent by the addition of pravastatin. Meanwhile, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of islets isolated from C57BL/6 mice was not significantly changed by any of the statins. Overall, taken up by beta-cells, statins can affect insulin secretion through either HMG-CoA inhibition or cytotoxicity, as observed by the addition of extraordinary high doses of lipophilic statins, but not hydrophilic statins, to the medium.