gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation the Use of Tailings as a Filler in Asphalt Concrete - Wearing Course Based on Results of Laboratory Tests to the Indonesian Specification for Hot-Mix Asphalt Year 2010 (2013)

This paper discusses the use of tailings for road pavement, especially for Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) based on laboratory test results. The benefits of this study are: (1) diversification of road pavement materials, (2) the use of tailings optimally as road pavement material, (3) reduce the potential for environmental contamination. Tests on the characteristics of the tailings conducted to evaluate the properties related to its performance as a blending component. In this study, the percentage of tailings by 15%, 20% and 25% is added to the AC-WC mixture. Mix design performed by the method of Marshall. In the optimum asphalt content (OAC) the influence of water resistance and resistance to permanent deformation of sample are evaluated. The best performance is use of tailings by 20%. This mixture is not a mixture of the sensitive to inaccuracies in the asphalt mixture compared with the mixture using tailing by 15% and 25%. Wheel tracking test showed that the mixture has the smallest permanent deformation that is 2 mm.While resistance to water and temperature same for all all mixtures. This study shows that the tailings could be used as a road pavement material, which replaces the sand-sized aggregates.
Experimental Investigation on the Fuel Properties of Biodiesel and Its Blends at Various Temperatures (2007)

An experimental investigation was performed to find out the fuel properties including specific gravity, density, and viscosity of diesel and biodiesel fuel in the temperature range from 0 to 200 °C. Test fuels used were a conventional diesel, neat biodiesel (100% methyl ester of soybean oil), and their blends with blending ratios of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. In order to analyze the fuel properties, the experiments were carried out at various temperatures for each of the six test fuels and the resulting measurements of the biodiesel and its blends were compared with the properties of conventional diesel fuel. In this work, the specific gravity of biodiesel fuel increased with the increase of the blending ratio of biodiesel and gradually decreased as the fuel temperature increased linearly. The density value measurement was correlated as a function of fuel temperature and blending ratio by an empirical equation. The viscosity of the test fuels was found to decrease linearly with increasing temperature and decreasing blending ratio. The kinematic viscosity obtained by this investigation agrees well with the empirical equation which is derived from the measured results.
Resistance Profile of Darunavir: Combined 24-Week Results from the POWER Trials (2008)

The resistance profile of darunavir (TMC114) in treatment-experienced patients was explored using pooled week 24 data from POWER 1, 2, and 3 at the recommended dose of darunavir with low-dose ritonavir (darunavir/r, 600/100 mg bid, N = 458). Baseline darunavir fold change in EC(50) was a strong predictor of virological response at week 24. Preliminary phenotypic clinical cut-offs of 10 and 40 were established. Virological response to darunavir/r was maintained in the presence at baseline of a high number of IAS-USA PI resistance-associated mutations (IAS-USA PI RAMS); a diminished response occurred with >or=14. Eleven protease mutations associated with diminished darunavir/r virological response were identified (V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54L/M, G73S, L76V, I84V, and L89V). These darunavir resistance-associated mutations (DRV RAMS) occurred in the presence of a high number of IAS-USA PI RAMS. Virological response was diminished with three or more DRV RAMS in the background of a high number of IAS-USA PI RAMS. Incremental numbers of DRV RAMS were more predictive of outcome than were IAS-USA PI RAMS. Mutations developing during darunavir/r virological failure (V32I, L33F, I47V, I54L, and L89V) were also featured in the DRV RAMS list. Site-directed mutants carrying these five mutations, or any one of these mutations either alone or together with one or two IAS-USA PI RAMS, showed no reduced darunavir susceptibility, suggesting that a high number of additional background mutations is required for darunavir resistance. In this population of treatment-experienced patients, darunavir/r demonstrated significantly greater efficacy than investigator-selected control PIs of trials POWER 1 and 2, regardless of baseline viral genotype or phenotype, while exhibiting a high genetic barrier to the development of resistance.
Breast lesion characterization by a novel nonlinear perturbation approach (2003)

We report a novel perturbation approach for time-resolved transmittance imaging in diffusive media. The model relies on the method of Pade approximants and consists in a nonlinear approximation of time-resolved transmittance curves in presence of an inclusion. The ability of the proposed method to quantify tissue optical properties at different wavelengths for reconstruction of tissue constituents was tested on <i>in vivo</i> data of breast lesions from multi-wavelength time-resolved optical mammography
The effect of film thickness on polypyrrole actuation assessed using novel non-contact strain measurements (2013)

Micro-actuators have been developed that exploit the electrochemically induced volume change of the electro-active polymer polypyrrole. The strain regime is inherently complex at a physical level and whilst volume change can be estimated indirectly using, for instance, bending beam theory, such methods become unreliable for large deflections owing to limitations in the mathematical model. A new non-contact measuring technique based on laser micrometry is presented to characterize the time-dependent expansion of electro-active films such as polypyrrole. Measurements have been made which demonstrate that the observed strain is dependent on film thickness. The new measurement technique is straightforward to perform and it is anticipated that it can be used for future materials development and performance assessment, including long-term stability evaluations and operational failure studies of the films.
Image Compression through DCT and Huffman Coding Technique (2015)

Image compression is an art used to reduce the size of a particular image. The goal of image compression is to eliminate the redundancy in a file’s code in order to reduce its size. It is useful in reducing the image storage space and in reducing the time needed to transmit the image. Image compression is more significant for reducing data redundancy for save more memory and transmission bandwidth. An efficient compression technique has been proposed which combines DCT and Huffman coding technique. This technique proposed due to its Lossless property, means using this the probability of loss the information is lowest. Result shows that high compression rates are achieved and visually negligible difference between compressed images and original images.
Chronic Lupus Peritonitis Is Characterized by the Ascites with a Large Content of Interleukin-6 (2015)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease and can cause multi-organ damage. Peritoneal involvement, also called lupus peritonitis, is a rare but sometimes fatal manifestation. Deposition of immune complexes consisting of immunoglobulin G and complement is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of lupus peritonitis; however, it remains unknown whether inflammatory cytokines contribute to the pathology of this manifestation. Here we present two patients with treatment-resistant lupus peritonitis: a 37-year-old woman with a 26-year history of SLE who had been treated with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide followed by azathioprine and a 65-year-old woman with a 33-year history of SLE who had been treated with prednisolone alone. Both patients were admitted to our department because of abdominal distention. Computed tomography scans showed massive ascites. Ascitic fluid examinations of both patients showed leukocytosis with no evidence of malignancy or infection. After eliminating other causes for ascites, they were diagnosed with lupus peritonitis. Despite the intensified immunosuppressive therapy, they died of uncontrolled peritonitis several months after admission. Examinations of the ascites at admission also revealed a large content of interleukin (IL)-6, compared with other inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. In fact, the ascitic IL-6 levels of these two patients were 12,389 pg/mL and 5,486 pg/mL, much higher than their serum IL-6 levels of 36 pg/mL and 140 pg/mL, respectively. We therefore suggest that IL-6 may contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus peritonitis and that the inhibition of IL-6 signaling may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for lupus peritonitis.
CHEMOSENSITIZATION OF MURINE FIBROSARCOMA CELLS TO DRUGS AFFECTED BY THE MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PHENOTYPE BY THE ANTIDEPRESSANT TRAZODONE - AN EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL FOR THE REVERSAL OF INTRINSIC DRUG-RESISTANCE (1992)

A variety of resistance phenotypes to cytotoxic agents in bacteria, protozoa parasites and mammalian cells are mediated by evolutionarily conserved proteins of the mdr family. The finding that chloroquine resistance in the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, that is mediated by an mdr-1 gene product can be circumvented by tricyclic antidepressant drugs has stimulated the present study to assess whether this class of agents might also modulate the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype(s) in mammalian tumor cells. The possible chemosensitizing effects of nine antidepressant drugs have been tested against the UV-2237M murine fibrosarcoma line and its MDR variant. At nontoxic concentrations all nine antidepressants markedly enhanced the cytotoxicity of ADR against the parental cells but were much less effective against the MDR cells. The most active antidepressant, trazodone, also enhanced the cytotoxicities of vinblastine and vincristine, but not those of actinomycin D, mitomycin C, or 5-fluorouracil. The parental cells treated with trazodone exhibited an increased accumulation of intracellular ADR, but lacked detectable alterations in the expression and drug-binding activity of plasma membrane P-glycoprotein, and trazodone did not affect the activities of isolated protein kinase C and calmodulin. These data suggest that the antidepressant drug trazodone may be useful in the reversal of the intrinsic drug resistance of tumor cells that express low levels of P-glycoprotein.
Synchronous and high frequency germination of interior spruce somatic embryos following partial drying at high relative humidity (1990)

The germination of mature somatic embryos of interior spruce was limited by the low frequency of root emergence. In addition, development was abnormal, since elongation and greening of the hypocotyl and cotyledons preceded root emergence by 1–2 weeks. Pretreatment of the embryos on water-saturated Kim-paks increased the frequency of root emergence but did not alter the abnormal pattern of germination. Somatic embryos do not survive desiccation at room humidity, but partial drying at high humidity promoted germination up to 90%. Furthermore, this treatment decreased the time required for root emergence such that elongation of the root and hypocotyl–cotyledon was synchronized over a period of 5–6 days. This germination closely resembled that of excised zygotic embryos. Drying over a range of humidities indicated that humidities of 81% and lower were lethal to the embryos, whereas germination was enhanced following treatment at humidities greater than 95% relative to untreated controls. The best germination and root elongation occurred on one-half strength basal media containing 2–3.4% sucrose. Of the plantlets derived from treated embryos, 50% survived transfer to soil compared with only 5% of the untreated controls. Key words: conifers, desiccation, germination, high relative humidity, partial drying, somatic embryogenesis, spruce.
Scale Prediction for Oil and Gas Production (2010)

Abstract Scale prevention is important to ensure continuous production from existing reserves that produce brine. Wells could be abandoned prematurely due to poor management of scale and corrosion. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of scale prediction and control and the current research at Rice University to solve these problems. In this paper, the challenges of scale prediction at high temperature, pressure, and TDS are reviewed. An accurate model to predict pH, scale indices, density, and inhibitor needs at these conditions are discussed. First, the various scale types found in oil and gas production and the condition under which they form are discussed. Secondly, the relationship of pH, alkalinity, organic acids, carbonates and CO2 distribution is discussed. Thirdly, the temperature, pressure, TDS dependence of the thermodynamic equilibrium constants and activity coefficients is discussed. Lastly, the accuracy of a scale prediction program and its application is discussed. Based on a simple propagation of error estimation, the overall estimated error for calcite SI is ± 0.1. The program has been validated with literature solubility data for 6 minerals, pH data at 25 and 60 °C, and density of high TDS solutions and up to 12.7 lb/gal weighting fluid.
Oxidation Resistance of Fully Dense ZrB <sub>2</sub> with SiC, TaB <sub>2</sub> , and TaSi <sub>2</sub> Additives (2008)

Specimens of ZrB 2 containing various concentrations of B 4 C, SiC, TaB 2 , and TaSi 2 were pressureless‐sintered and post‐hot isostatic pressed to their theoretical densities. Oxidation resistances were studied by scanning thermogravimetry over the range 1150°–1550°C. SiC additions improved oxidation resistance over a broadening range of temperatures with increasing SiC content. Tantalum additions to ZrB 2 –B 4 C–SiC in the form of TaB 2 and/or TaSi 2 increased oxidation resistance over the entire evaluated spectrum of temperatures. TaSi 2 proved to be a more effective additive than TaB 2 . Silicon‐containing compositions formed a glassy surface layer, covering an interior oxide layer. This interior layer was less porous in tantalum‐containing compositions.
Hydrogen bonding abilities and self-association of some potentially bifunctional catalysts. Part 2. Mercaptoazole derivatives (1977)

Hydrogen bonding abilities of 2-mercaptoazoles (1)–(3) towards dimethyl sulphoxide (KA) or 4-chlorophenol (KB) have been studied quantitatively in CCl4 by i.r. spectroscopy at 25 °C. The N–H proton of mercaptoazoles exhibits a high tendency to hydrogen bonding (40 < KA < 3 000 l mol–1) which is correlated with the basicity of the 2-alkylazole analogues. The CS sulphur atom shows good hydrogen bonding ability (20 < KB < 250 l mol–1) which roughly parallels its nucleophilic reactivity towards methyl iodide. Knowledge of the KA and KB constants allows a better understanding of the factors which affect the self-association constants of mercaptoazoles (100 < KD < 4 700 l mol–1).
Inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase activity reprograms prostate cancer cell metabolism (2016)

Metabolic networks are highly connected and complex, but a single enzyme, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) can sense the availability of metabolites and also modify target proteins. We show that inhibition of OGT activity inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, leads to sustained loss of c-MYC and suppresses the expression of CDK1, elevated expression of which predicts prostate cancer recurrence (p=0.00179). Metabolic profiling revealed decreased glucose consumption and lactate production after OGT inhibition. This decreased glycolytic activity specifically sensitized prostate cancer cells, but not cells representing normal prostate epithelium, to inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (rotenone and metformin). Intra-cellular alanine was depleted upon OGT inhibitor treatment. OGT inhibitor increased the expression and activity of alanine aminotransferase (GPT2), an enzyme that can be targeted with a clinically approved drug, cycloserine. Simultaneous inhibition of OGT and GPT2 inhibited cell viability and growth rate, and additionally activated a cell death response. These combinatorial effects were predominantly seen in prostate cancer cells, but not in a cell-line derived from normal prostate epithelium. Combinatorial treatments were confirmed with two inhibitors against both OGT and GPT2. Taken together, here we report the reprogramming of energy metabolism upon inhibition of OGT activity, and identify synergistically lethal combinations that are prostate cancer cell specific.
Atomic-scale desorption of H atoms from the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi><mml:mn/><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>100</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mn/><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>:</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:math>surface: Inelastic electron interactions (2003)

The atomic-scale desorption of hydrogen atoms from the $\mathrm{Si}(100)\ensuremath{-}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1:\mathrm{H}$ surface with the tip of the scanning tunneling microscope has been studied using two different desorption methods, namely the stationary and scanning modes. Both p-type and n-type silicon samples have been investigated and a statistical large data set has been acquired. At low sample voltage (+2.5 V), the desorption yield has been found to follow a power law of the tunnel current ${I}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}},$ with \ensuremath{\alpha} being much smaller (\ensuremath{\approx}1) than in previous reports (\ensuremath{\approx}10--15). This means that highly dissipative inelastic electronic channels with very few electrons involved (\ensuremath{\approx}2) are more favorable than previously proposed schemes involving many (\ensuremath{\approx}11--16) weakly dissipative electrons.
Treatment with recombinant interferon (alpha-2b) early after bone marrow transplantation in patients at high risk for relapse [corrected] [published erratum appears in Blood 1992 Jun 15;79(12):3397] (1991)

Relapse continues to be a problem after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for hematologic malignancies, particularly in recipients of autologous or T-cell-depleted allogeneic grafts and in patients with advanced disease. Interferon (IFN) has shown antiproliferative activity in several malignant hematologic diseases and potentially may be of benefit when administered early after BMT when the number of residual cells is minimal. We tested in a phase I study the maximum tolerated daily dose of recombinant IFN alpha-2b in patients who had received a transplant for a disease at high risk for relapse (acute myeloid leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma beyond first remission, advanced myelodysplastic syndrome, acute lymphoblastic leukemia at any stage, chronic myeloid leukemia in accelerated or blast phase. Recombinant IFN alpha-2b was started at a dose of 0.5 x 10(6) IU/m2 and escalated by 0.5 x 10(6) IU/m2 in groups of three or four patients. The intention was to administer IFN as soon as stable engraftment after BMT was achieved (defined as an absolute neutrophil count of greater than 2.0 x 10(9)/L and platelet count greater than 100 x 10(9)/L for 5 consecutive days) and continued for 2 months. A total of 14 patients were enrolled after autologous (n = 3) or allogeneic (n = 11) BMT. Dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. Significant (grade 2 to 4) neutropenia and thrombocytopenia led to discontinuation or dose reduction in five of eight patients receiving 1.5 x 10(6) or 2 x 10(6) IU/m2 IFN. Mild to moderate (grade 1 or 2) anorexia, weight loss, and fatigue occurred in the majority of patients independent of the IFN dose. De novo acute GVHD responsive to steroid treatment developed in 3 of 11 allograft recipients. Natural killer (NK) cell function was low before IFN treatment and was not improved with the cytokine. Conversely, interleukin-2-activated NK cells showed normal function even before starting IFN and no change was seen during IFN treatment. Clonogenic hematopoietic progenitor studies showed depression of all progenitor lines (colony-forming unit [CFU]-granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte, megakaryocyte, CFU granulocyte-macrophage, burst-forming unit- erythroid) by IFN at all dose levels except at 0.5 x 10(6) IU/m2. Considering this result and the incidence and severity of marrow depression seen at doses greater than 1.0 x 10(6) IU/m2, we would consider this the maximum dose safely tolerated if IFN alpha-2b is administered in this setting for a prolonged course on a daily basis.
Mutagenic, Carcinogenic, and Chemopreventive Effects of Phenols and Catechols (1992)

In the context of health effects with emphasis on cancer, phenols are generally not genotoxic, that is, they cannot modify the gene and therefore, they are not considered to be direct cancer risks. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that while not genotoxic, phenols as a class can be co-carcinogens or promoters, increasing the effects of environmental genotoxic carcinogens. The promoting effect is, however, highly dependent on the dosage and chronicity of exposure. These basic mechanistic concepts may account for the fact that critical reviews of occupational health data have revealed no cancer risk in the production and use of phenolic compounds. Recent studies have actually demonstrated that some of the phenols found in fruits and vegetables, as well as synthetic phenolic antioxidants, exert protective effects against cancer. These chemicals are antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, including against carcinogens present in tobacco smoke, and can antagonize the effect of promoters. High doses of several of these compounds, however, can cause cancer in animals through mechanisms like cytotoxicity, regenerative cell duplication and hydroxy radical generation. Therefore, the public needs to be much more aware of the importance of dosage and extent of exposure, rather than be told that a chemical is a "carcinogen" with the resulting concern and sometimes expensive, indeed unwarranted, actions. Insight into mechanisms of action is a sound basis for risk evaluation. Naturally occurring and synthetic phenols illustrate the value of judging the benefits and risks as a function of dosage and chronicity of exposure through laboratory and epidemiologic approaches.
Inflammatory Markers, Adiponectin, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Pima Indian (2003)

Adiponectin is negatively correlated with markers of inflammation in vivo. In case and control subjects matched for BMI, with the exception of vWF, none of the inflammatory markers predicted diabetes. Adiponectin may be the link between adiposity, inflammation, and type 2 diabetes.
The Increased Accumulation of [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose in Untreated Prostate Cancer (1999)

Although FDG-PET was not sensitive enough to detect prostate cancer in clinical use, it is suggested that glucose metabolism in prostate cancer tended to be higher in patients with tumors of advanced stages.