gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate channel length extraction by split C-V measurements on short-channel MOSFETs (2006)

This paper investigates the extraction of channel length from split current-voltage (C-V) measurements of small gate length PMOS transistors. Using device simulations, including quantum-mechanical effects, scanning spreading resistance measurements, and process simulations, the authors correlate the variation of the overlap capacitance with the gate voltage, and the length of the lateral junction doping profile. It is suggested that an accurate extraction of the metallurgical and effective gate length can be obtained from C-V measurements subtracting the overlap capacitance at V/sub G/=V/sub FB/ and V/sub G/=V/sub FB/+0.8V.
Shaping the Breast in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery: An Easy Three-Step Principle (2009)

Creating or recreating an aesthetically pleasing breast shape in reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery is an act that most experienced "breast" surgeons will find self-evident. We propose a simple three-step philosophical and hands-on approach that will make it easier for young and unexperienced plastic surgeons to not only analyze the problematic breast but also come up with an easy surgical strategy to create reproducible results.This is Part I of four parts describing the three-step principle being applied in reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery. Part I explains how to analyze a problematic breast by understanding the three main anatomical features of a breast and how they interact: the footprint, the conus of the breast, and the skin envelope. Part II deals with reconstructions after complete mastectomy and Part III covers reconstruction after breast conservation surgery. Finally, Part IV applies the same principles in the field of aesthetic breast surgery. Throughout these four parts, the three-step principle will be the red line to fall back on to define the problem and to propose a solution.
Modelling and Control of Novel Bidirectional Single-Phase Single-Stage Isolated AC-DC Converter with PFC for Charging of Electric Vehicles (2018)

The small signal analysis of bidirectional single-phase single-stage AC-DC converter and its application for EV charging are presented in this paper. A unique control strategy for establishing soft switching without any additional circuit is developed utilizing the traditional state-space averaging technique. The small signal model in each mode of operation is presented. Using this model, current at the input of the ac side can be regulated to realize power factor correction (PFC) and also to regulate active and reactive power flow in either direction. Four quadrant operation of the converter can be utilized for improving the stability of the power grid. Controller designed using the derived small signal model is used to validate the operation as well as transition of the converter between V2G and G2V modes. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate four quadrant operation of the designed converter. Design of the converter, closed loop controller, and the results are presented for 1.5kVA converter.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes innate immune responses by suppressing glucocorticoid‐induced expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase‐1 (2005)

The pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) acts as a physiological counter-regulator of the immuno-suppressive effects of glucocorticoids. However, the mechanisms whereby MIF exerts its counter-balancing effect remain largely unknown. Here we report that MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1), an archetypal member of dual specificity phosphatase that inactivates MAPK activity in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli, is a critical target of MIF-glucocorticoid crosstalk. Recombinant MIF counter-regulated in a dose-dependent fashion dexamethasone inhibition of TNF and IL-8 production by RAW 264.7 macrophages and U-937 promonocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or with LPS plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Stimulation of RAW 264.7 macrophages with dexamethasone or dexamethasone plus LPS led to a robust up-regulation of MKP-1 mRNA and protein expressions that were counter-regulated by addition of recombinant MIF. Antisense MIF macrophages expressing reduced levels of endogenous MIF produced higher amount of MKP-1 and lower amount of TNF after exposure to dexamethasone and dexamethasone plus LPS, indicating that endogenous MIF acts in an autocrine fashion to override glucocorticoid-induced MKP-1 expression and inhibition of cytokine production. Taken together, these data identify MKP-1 as a molecular target of MIF-glucocorticoid crosstalk and provide a molecular basis for the control of macrophage responses by a pair of physiological regulators of innate immunity.
Risk factors of severe cases with COVID-19: a meta-analysis (2020)

Our study aimed to systematically analyse the risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with severe disease. An electronic search in eight databases to identify studies describing severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients from 1 January 2020 to 3 April 2020. In the end, we meta-analysed 40 studies involving 5872 COVID-19 patients. The average age was higher in severe COVID-19 patients (weighted mean difference; WMD = 10.69, 95%CI 7.83-13.54). Patients with severe disease showed significantly lower platelet count (WMD = -18.63, 95%CI -30.86 to -6.40) and lymphocyte count (WMD = -0.35, 95%CI -0.41 to -0.30) but higher C-reactive protein (CRP; WMD = 42.7, 95%CI 31.12-54.28), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; WMD = 137.4, 95%CI 105.5-169.3), white blood cell count（WBC), procalcitonin（PCT）, D-dimer, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine（Cr）. Similarly, patients who died showed significantly higher WBC, D-dimer, ALT, AST and Cr but similar platelet count and LDH as patients who survived. These results indicate that older age, low platelet count, lymphopenia, elevated levels of LDH, ALT, AST, PCT, Cr and D-dimer are associated with severity of COVID-19 and thus could be used as early identification or even prediction of disease progression.
Low-frequency power of heart rate variability is not a measure of cardiac sympathetic tone but may be a measure of modulation of cardiac autonomic outflows by baroreflexes (2011)

Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability has often been used to assess cardiac autonomic function; however, the relationship of low-frequency (LF) power of heart rate variability to cardiac sympathetic tone has been unclear. With or without adjustment for high-frequency (HF) power, total power or respiration, LF power seems to provide an index not of cardiac sympathetic tone but of baroreflex function. Manipulations and drugs that change LF power or LF:HF may do so not by affecting cardiac autonomic outflows directly but by affecting modulation of those outflows by baroreflexes.
Corrosion of silicon carbide ceramics using conventional and electrochemical methods (1994)

Silicon carbide ceramics are candidate materials for use in aggressive environments, including those where aqueous acids are present. Standard corrosion testing methods such as immersion testing are not always sufficiently sensitive for these ceramics owing to the very low, almost unobservable, corrosion rates encountered. Using electrochemical methods the corrosion processes can be assisted, leading to higher rates and thus the elucidation of reaction mechanisms. The behaviour of a sintered and a reaction bonded silicon carbide has been investigated in aqueous HCl, HF, HNO3, and H2SO4, using standard immersion and new electrochemical methods. Both materials were passive in HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 because of the formation of a swface silica film, and were active in HF. In HF, corrosion of sintered silicon carbide was slight and the residual silicon was removed from reaction bonded specimens.
Development of an Online Cell-Based Bioactivity Screening Method by Coupling Liquid Chromatography to Flow Cytometry with Parallel Mass Spectrometry (2016)

This study describes a new platform for the fast and efficient functional screening for bioactive compounds in complex natural mixtures using a cell-based assay. The platform combines reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with online flow cytometry (FC) and mass spectrometry (MS). As a model (an example or proof-of-concept study) we have used a functional calcium-flux assay in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells stably overexpressing the α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), a potential therapeutic target for central nervous system (CNS) related diseases. We have designed the coupled LC-FC system employing the neuroblastoma cells followed by analytical and pharmacological evaluation of the hyphenated setup in agonist and mixed antagonist-agonist assay modes. Using standard receptor ligands we have validated pharmacological responses and standardized good assay quality parameters. The applicability of the screening system was evaluated by analysis of various types of natural samples, such as a tobacco plant extract (in agonist assay mode) and snake venoms (in mixed antagonist-agonist assay mode). The bioactivity responses were correlated directly to the respective accurate masses of the compounds. Using simultaneous functional agonist and antagonist responses nicotine and known neurotoxins were detected from tobacco extract and snake venoms, respectively. Thus, the developed analytical screening technique represents a new tool for rapid measurement of functional cell-based responses and parallel separation and identification of compounds in complex mixtures targeting the α7-nAChR. It is anticipated that other fast-response cell-based assays (e.g., other ion flux assays) can be incorporated in this analytical setup.
Focus classification in digital holographic microscopy using deep convolutional neural networks (2017)

In digital holographic microscopy, one often obtains an in-focus image of the sample by applying a focus metric to a stack of numerical reconstructions. We present an alternative approach using a deep convolutional neural network.
Dilute Povidone-Iodine Solutions Inhibit Human Skin Fibroblast Growth (2002)

BACKGROUND Povidone-iodine solutions are widely used and highly effective antiseptics. Although commonly used at full strength, this concentration appears to be toxic to the cells involved in wound healing. Few systematic studies of povidone-iodine toxicity have been reported. The effects of various dilutions of 10% povidone-iodine solution on the growth of human diploid fibroblasts were assessed using in vitro cell culture. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the toxicity of povidone-iodine on living cells using an in vitro model. METHODS Adult skin fibroblasts and fetal lung fibroblasts were subcultivated at various seeding densities of 3000–10,000 cells/cm2 and grown in polystyrene tissue culture flasks under an atmosphere containing 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2. Cells were grown in a medium containing various concentrations of povidone-iodine (1%, 0.1%, 0.025%, 0.01%, and 0%). Cell attachment was reduced by 0.1% and 1% povidone-iodine in our initial studies; subsequent experiments were performed by changing the medium to contain the povidone-iodine 24 hours after seeding. Growth curves were performed by counting triplicate cultures every 48 hours for 250–300 hours. RESULTS Fibroblast growth was progressively retarded at 0.01% and 0.025%, and totally inhibited by 0.1% and 1% povidone-iodine solutions. Partial recovery of cell growth after limited exposure of cultures to dilute solutions of povidone-iodine was noted. CONCLUSION This study shows that even dilute solutions of povidone-iodine are toxic to human fibroblasts. The results indicate that caution should be used when povidone-iodine is placed on an open wound, and that prolonged contact with viable uncontaminated tissue should be avoided.
Two layer scheme for encoding of high dynamic range images (2008)

With advent of high dynamic range (HDR) imaging techniques, it has been possible to capture natural scenes in larger details. HDR images are tone-mapped to lower dynamic range (LDR) versions for displaying on paper or a screen. Details lost during tone-mapping are important for certain existing and future applications, and need to be preserved. However, the size of HDR images is very large and that gives rise to need of effective encoding techniques. In this paper, we present an encoding scheme for HDR images, which significantly reduces their storage requirements, with a negligible loss of information. We model an HDR image as a piecewise linear function of its tone-mapped version. The tone-mapped image and the error in modeling are stored as LDR images, and these two along with the created model, approximate the HDR image. Comparison with the existing state of the art technique is given to show the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
Data Hiding in Pitch Delay Data of the Adaptive Multi-Rate Narrow-band Speech Codec (2009)

New methods of hiding data in the pitch delay data of the adaptive multi-rate (AMR) speech codec are proposed. The proposed methods and the pitch quantization (PQ) method are compared in terms of embedding bit rate and objective speech quality obtained by the perceptual evaluation for speech quality (PESQ) algorithm. PQ, the previous method, quantizes the pitch delay data by embedding data. The proposed embedding methods are adaptive pitch quantization (APQ), which adaptively varies the width of quantization of the pitch delay value, and the pitch change point (PCP) method, which replaces pitch delay data in even subframes with hidden data when an abrupt change in pitch is observed. The results of the comparison indicated that, for all AMR bit-rate modes, an embedding data rate of less than 220 bps achieved a mean degradation of the MOS-LQO value of less than 0.1. Considering the embedding bit rate and the quality degradation, the proposed methods were superior to the PQ method.
A novel planar level chip interconnection for unpackaged MMICs in the millimeter wave frequency range (2011)

This paper presents a novel planar interconnection technology for unpackaged monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), which work in the millimeter wave (mmw) frequency range. Compared to standard wire bonding, the new technique provides considerable advantages with regard to the electrical characteristics and manufacturing processes. The manufacturing process for a module containing surface mounted devices (SMD) and unpackaged MMICs is described. In order to determine the electrical behavior, a model of a single interconnection is developed using a full wave field simulation and compared to a model of a wire bond. Finally, the insertion losses are determined by measuring the output power of an active frequency doubler, which is assembled using both technologies. Because of the availability of commercial MMICs an operating frequency of 77 GHz is considered.
[Stigmas, symptoms and diseases of the skin in musicians]. (1993)

There are numerous characteristic skin symptoms that are common in musicians and are usually harmless marks of their profession. There are, however, many less frequent and more serious skin diseases that are due either to mechanical irritation and other physical noxae or to allergic and non-allergic contact reactions. Professional musicians can be affected by other skin diseases that cause serious problems and ultimately put an end to their career. This applies especially to lip diseases in woodwind and brass players.
An enhanced coulomb counting method for estimating state-of-charge and state-of-health of lead-acid batteries (2009)

This paper proposes an enhanced coulomb counting method based on the depth-of-discharge (DOD) to estimate the state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) for valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries. The losses at different discharging currents are accounted for compensation to the releasable capacities. Furthermore, the SOH is revaluated at the depletion and fully charged states by the maximum releasable capacity and the charged capacity, consequently leading to more accurate SOC estimation. Through the experiments that emulate practical operations, the experimental results reveal that the maximum error is less than 6%.
Platform Synthetic Lectins for Divalent Carbohydrate Recognition in Water (2016)

Biomimetic carbohydrate receptors ("synthetic lectins") have potential as agents for biological research and medicine. However, although effective strategies are available for "all-equatorial" carbohydrates (glucose, etc.), the recognition of other types of saccharide under natural (aqueous) conditions is less well developed. Herein we report a new approach based on a pyrene platform with polar arches extending from aryl substituents. The receptors are compatible with axially substituted carbohydrates, and also feature two identical binding sites, thus mimicking the multivalency observed for natural lectins. A variant with negative charges forms 1:2 host/guest complexes with aminosugars, with K1 >3000 m(-1) for axially substituted mannosamine, whereas a positively charged version binds the important α-sialyl unit with K1 ≈1300 m(-1) .
Interactions of triglycerides with phospholipids: incorporation into the bilayer structure and formation of emulsions (1989)

Interactions of carbonyl 13C-enriched triacylglycerols (TG) with phospholipid bilayers [egg phosphatidylcholine (PC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and an ether-linked phosphatidylcholine] were studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Up to 3 mol % triolein (TO) or tripalmitin (TP) was incorporated into DPPC vesicles by cosonication of the TG and DPPC at approximately 50 degrees C. NMR studies were carried out in a temperature range (30-50 degrees C) in which pure TO is a liquid whereas pure TP is a solid. In spectra of DPPC vesicles with TG at 40-50 degrees C, both TO and TP had narrow carbonyl resonances, indicative of rapid motions, and chemical shifts indicative of H bonding of the TG carbonyls with solvent (H2O) at the aqueous interfaces of the vesicle bilayer. Below the phase transition temperature of the DPPC/TG vesicles (approximately 36 degrees C), most phospholipid peaks broadened markedly. In DPPC vesicles with TP, the TP carbonyl peaks broadened beyond detection below the transition, whereas in vesicles with TO, the TO carbonyl peaks showed little change in line width or chemical shift and no change in the integrated intensity. Thus, in the gel phase, TP solidified with DPPC, whereas TO was fluid and remained oriented at the aqueous interfaces. Egg PC vesicles incorporated up to 2 mol % TP at 35 degrees C; the TP carbonyl peaks had line-width and chemical shift values similar to those for TP (or TO) in liquid-crystalline DPPC. TO incorporated into ether-linked PC had properties very similar to TO in ester-linked PC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sensitivities of NIH/3T3-derived clonal cell lines to ionizing radiation: significance for gene transfer studies. (1989)

Rodent cells are frequently used as recipients in experiments involving gene transfer, isolation, and characterization. The present studies were designed to investigate the clonal responses to ionizing radiation of NIH/3T3 cells subjected to DNA-mediated gene transfer. Radiation sensitivity (D0) values were determined for the parental NIH/3T3 cell strain, six clonal cell lines transfected with DNA from radiation-resistant human tumor cells, and six nontransfected clonal cell lines. The radiation sensitivities of four transfected and two nontransfected clonal cell lines differed significantly from parental NIH/3T3 cells (P less than 0.05). Detailed karyotype analysis of two nontransfected clonal cell lines with differing radiation sensitivities showed variation in chromosomal composition. Specifically, a minute chromosome was observed to segregate consistently (in 49 of 50 metaphases) with the genome of one NIH/3T3 clone (D0 2.07 Gy) and was completely absent (from 50 metaphases) in another NIH/3T3 clone (D0 1.06 Gy). In the parental NIH/3T3 strain (D0 2.02 Gy) 10% of cells (3 of 30 metaphases) had such minute chromosomes. These findings demonstrate that the clonal cellular heterogeneity of NIH/3T3 cells is characterized by genotypic and phenotypic variations which must be considered in the experimental design involving gene transfer and expression.
Effects of Deoxygibberellin C (DGC) and 16-Deoxo-DGC on Gibberellin 3β-Hydroxylase and Plant Growth (1991)

Journal Article Effects of Deoxygibberellin C (DGC) and 16-Deoxo-DGC on Gibberellin 3β-Hydroxylase and Plant Growth Get access Tamio Saito, Tamio Saito 1Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sang-Soo Kwak, Sang-Soo Kwak 1Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yuji Kamiya, Yuji Kamiya 2The Institute of Physical and Chemical ResearchWako-shi, Saitama, 351-01 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hisakazu Yamane, Hisakazu Yamane 1Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Sakurai, Akira Sakurai 2The Institute of Physical and Chemical ResearchWako-shi, Saitama, 351-01 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Noboru Murofushi, Noboru Murofushi 1Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobutaka Takahashi Nobutaka Takahashi 1Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 32, Issue 2, March 1991, Pages 239–245, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078069 Published: 01 March 1991 Article history Received: 25 September 1990 Accepted: 17 December 1990 Published: 01 March 1991
Synthesis and Assembly of Chimeric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Pseudovirions (1996)

Expression of the HIV Gag precursor in insect cells by recombinant baculoviruses results in the assembly and budding of noninfectious pseudovirions that resemble immature virus. Three strategies for packaging additional viral epitopes into pseudovirions were examined: coinfection of insect cells with individual baculoviruses encoding separate Gag and Env structural genes, inframe Gag-Env fusion proteins, and Gag-frameshift-Env fusion proteins. Electron microscopy and Western blot analysis indicated that neither the coinfection nor the inframe fusion strategies reliably produced large quantities of structurally stable chimeric pseudovirions. The frameshift fusion method utilized the retroviral Gag-Pol ribosomal frameshift mechanism for the coexpression of Gag and Gag-frameshift-Env fusion proteins. Large quantities of pseudovirions containing both the Gag and Env epitopes were produced in insect cells. Mice inoculated with the Gag-frameshift-Env pseudovirions developed cytotoxic lymphocyte responses to both HIV Gag and Env epitopes. Vaccine and immunotherapeutic applications of chimeric pseudovirions are discussed.