gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting Aberrant Glutathione Metabolism to Eradicate Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells (2013)

The development of strategies to eradicate primary human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells is a major challenge to the leukemia research field. In particular, primitive leukemia cells, often termed leukemia stem cells, are typically refractory to many forms of therapy. To investigate improved strategies for targeting of human AML cells we compared the molecular mechanisms regulating oxidative state in primitive (CD34(+)) leukemic versus normal specimens. Our data indicate that CD34(+) AML cells have elevated expression of multiple glutathione pathway regulatory proteins, presumably as a mechanism to compensate for increased oxidative stress in leukemic cells. Consistent with this observation, CD34(+) AML cells have lower levels of reduced glutathione and increased levels of oxidized glutathione compared with normal CD34(+) cells. These findings led us to hypothesize that AML cells will be hypersensitive to inhibition of glutathione metabolism. To test this premise, we identified compounds such as parthenolide (PTL) or piperlongumine that induce almost complete glutathione depletion and severe cell death in CD34(+) AML cells. Importantly, these compounds only induce limited and transient glutathione depletion as well as significantly less toxicity in normal CD34(+) cells. We further determined that PTL perturbs glutathione homeostasis by a multifactorial mechanism, which includes inhibiting key glutathione metabolic enzymes (GCLC and GPX1), as well as direct depletion of glutathione. These findings demonstrate that primitive leukemia cells are uniquely sensitive to agents that target aberrant glutathione metabolism, an intrinsic property of primary human AML cells.
Self‐Organized Arrays of Single‐Metal Catalyst Particles in TiO<sub>2</sub> Cavities: A Highly Efficient Photocatalytic System (2013)

Gleichförmigkeit perfektioniert: Ein hochorientierter Aunp@TiO2-Photokatalysator wurde durch selbstorganisierende Anodisierung eines Ti-Substrats und anschließende Entnetzung eines Gold-Dünnfilms erhalten. Das Ergebnis: genau ein Au-Nanopartikel (np) pro TiO2-Nanokavität. Solche Anordnungen sind hocheffiziente Photokatalysatoren für die Wasserstofferzeugung aus Ethanol. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Melaleuca Oil Poisoning (1994)

A 23-month-old boy became confused and was unable to walk thirty minutes after ingesting less than 10 mL of T36-C7, a commercial product containing 100% melaleuca oil. The child was referred to a nearby hospital. His condition improved and he was asymptomatic within 5 hours of ingestion. He was discharged to home the following day. Melaleuca oil, extracted from the Melaleuca alternifolia, contains 50-60% terpenes and related alcohols. Clinical experience with products containing melaleuca oil is limited. This case report suggests that ingestion of a modest amount of a concentrated form of this oil may produce signs of toxicity.
Evaluation of T Lymphocyte Effector Function in Immunodeficiency Diseases: Abnormality in Mitogen-Stimulated Interferon in Patients with Selective IgA Deficiency (1974)

Abstract Interferon production in response to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed was studied as a new index of the competence of thymus-derived (T) lymphocyte effector function in patients with various immunodeficiency states. The results indicated that three of four patients with selective IgA deficiency and normal T cell proliferative response had a depressed T cell interferon response. Two patients who had received successful thymus transplants had a normal T cell interferon response. Before transplantation one had been diagnosed as severe combined immunodeficiency, and the other, thymic hypoplasia with normal serum immunoglobulin levels. By contrast, a patient with thymic hypoplasia and absent serum IgA, low IgM and normal IgG levels, who had had an unsuccessful thymic graft, had a markedly depressed interferon response. Normal T cell interferon responses were seen in one patient with congenital sex-linked hypogammaglobulinemia and three patients with acquired hypogammaglobulinemia.
Lidar and resource assessment for wind power applications: the state of the art (2008)

Lidar has in recent years matured into a reliable and versatile technology for remotely measuring wind speeds at all heights across the rotor diameter. A laser beam is used to acquire the radial wind velocity in a number of directions at a given height from the Doppler shift of the backscattered light. From this the wind velocity at that height can be derived. Lidar allows wind flow model validation. Deployment of a Lidar to sites where different runs of modeling have produced divergent results can help select which input parameter set is most useful for characterizing wind flow, by taking measurements that allow differentiation between models. The cost of data acquisition for offshore wind resource assessment can be reduced by adopting Lidar methods. Less stringent specifications are imposed for platform installation, and approaches that dispense with the need for a platform are being developed. Operational turbine performance monitoring can be helpfully augmented by using Lidar to obtain data describing the wind flow impinging upon a turbine or in its wake. Lidar is also useful in obtaining details of wind shear, turbulence, vertical inflow and wind veer at proposed and operational turbine locations. Some of the uses Lidar has been applied to, some of its limitations, and the developing role Lidar will grow into in the future of wind resource assessment, are reviewed here.
A Multidomain Adhesion Protein Family Expressed in<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Is Essential for Transmission to the Mosquito (2004)

The recent sequencing of several apicomplexan genomes has provided the opportunity to characterize novel antigens essential for the parasite life cycle that might lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic markers. Here we have screened the Plasmodium falciparum genome sequence for genes encoding extracellular multidomain putative adhesive proteins. Three of these identified genes, named PfCCp1, PfCCp2, and PfCCp3, have multiple adhesive modules including a common Limulus coagulation factor C domain also found in two additional Plasmodium genes. Orthologues were identified in the Cryptosporidium parvum genome sequence, indicating an evolutionary conserved function. Transcript and protein expression analysis shows sexual stage-specific expression of PfCCp1, PfCCp2, and PfCCp3, and cellular localization studies revealed plasma membrane-associated expression in mature gametocytes. During gametogenesis, PfCCps are released and localize surrounding complexes of newly emerged microgametes and macrogametes. PfCCp expression markedly decreased after formation of zygotes. To begin to address PfCCp function, the PfCCp2 and PfCCp3 gene loci were disrupted by homologous recombination, resulting in parasites capable of forming oocyst sporozoites but blocked in the salivary gland transition. Our results describe members of a conserved apicomplexan protein family expressed in sexual stage Plasmodium parasites that may represent candidates for subunits of a transmission-blocking vaccine.
Pixel super-resolution using wavelength scanning (2015)

Undersampling and pixelation affect a number of imaging systems, limiting the resolution of the acquired images, which becomes particularly significant for wide-field microscopy applications. Various super-resolution techniques have been implemented to mitigate this resolution loss by utilizing sub-pixel displacements in the imaging system, achieved, for example, by shifting the illumination source, the sensor array and/or the sample, followed by digital synthesis of a smaller effective pixel by merging these sub-pixel-shifted low-resolution images. Herein, we introduce a new pixel super-resolution method that is based on wavelength scanning and demonstrate that as an alternative to physical shifting/displacements, wavelength diversity can be used to boost the resolution of a wide-field imaging system and significantly increase its space-bandwidth product. We confirmed the effectiveness of this new technique by improving the resolution of lens-free as well as lens-based microscopy systems and developed an iterative algorithm to generate high-resolution reconstructions of a specimen using undersampled diffraction patterns recorded at a few wavelengths covering a narrow spectrum (10-30 nm). When combined with a synthetic-aperture-based diffraction imaging technique, this wavelength-scanning super-resolution approach can achieve a half-pitch resolution of 250 nm, corresponding to a numerical aperture of ~1.0, across a large field of view (>20 mm<sup>2</sup>). We also demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach by imaging various biological samples, including blood and Papanicolaou smears. Compared with displacement-based super-resolution techniques, wavelength scanning brings uniform resolution improvement in all directions across a sensor array and requires significantly fewer measurements. This technique would broadly benefit wide-field imaging applications that demand larger space-bandwidth products.
Electromagnetic radiation emitted from video computer terminals (1979)

There has been a developing concern about potential health hazards attributable to electromagnetic radiation from video computer terminals. Since users of these devices typically spend many hours daily in close proximity, they would be subject to chronic long-term exposures to any emitted radiation. Radiation was detected at frequencies ranging from 1.5 kHz to 1,420 MHz in the RF portion of the EM spectrum and from 350 nm to 600 nm in the ultraviolet and visible region. However, the levels were far less than the most restrictive permissible exposure levels established by any agency or government of any nation. There is no experimental or epidemiological evidence presently available to indicate that these levels of RF radiation have any deleterious effects on the human biological system.
Recent Developments of Free-Radical Substitutions of Heteroaromatic Bases (1989)

The most recent mechanistic and synthetic aspects of the substitution of protonated heteroaromatic bases by nucleophilic carbon-centered radicals are reviewed. From mechanistic point of view the following aspects are discussed; i) Structure-reactivity relationship; ii) Rearomatization of the radical adducts; iii) Solvent and isotope effects; iv) Overlap area with ionic reactions. The synthetic developments concern the following topics: i) Selectivity with carbonyl radicals; ii) Alkyl iodides as sources of alkyl radicals; iii) Alkylation by carboxylic acids; iv) Vinylation by olefins; v) Oxyalkylation by ethers; vi) Catalytic processes; vii) Substitution with strongly nucleophilic radicals.
Calcined calcium bentonite clay as a partial replacement of Portland cement in mortar (2019)

In this study, bentonite clay and lime were used as a partial replacement of Portland cement in mortar. The clay was calcined at 800, 850, 900 and 1000°C. Particle size distribution, chemical analysis, X-Ray diffraction, SEM analysis, and DSC analysis were completed as a high-level effort to characterize the chemical makeup of the bentonite clay. The Portland cement control mix had the highest compressive strength. However, all the 30% calcined bentonite clay/lime replacement mixes were about 90 – 99% of control at 28 days. Many of the 30% replacement mixes met the CSA A3000 strength requirement. The addition of lime was found to be fairly insignificant. A general variance regression was undertaken on the compressive strength results using Minitab on the factors of temperature (800, 850 and 900°C), days cured (3, 7, 28, 56, and 90), with calcined clay replacement (30, 50, and 70%), and lime replacement of the calcined clay in the binder mix (0, 10 and 20%). The general variance regression indicated that all factors and interactions were significant with a 95% confidence, except for the interaction of days cured and the amount of lime added. The most significant factors for the compressive strength were the days cured and the amount of clay replacement. The Normal Consistency results clearly indicated that when more ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced with calcined clay, the volume of water required to obtain normal consistency also increased. The final setting times also followed the same trend with increased setting time with increased replacement of OPC with calcined clay. Based on the results and analysis conducted, it was recommended that the optimum mix was clay treatment at 800°C, 30% replacement with 0% lime.
Pituitary adenomas (1997)

This review focuses on recent developments in the treatment of pituitary adenomas. Current treatments include both transcranial and transsphenoidal surgery, the medical treatment specifically for endocrinopathies, and finally, radiation treatments including conventional radiation as well as stereotactic radiosurgery. All these modalities are reviewed.
Enzymatic activity determination of alkaline phosphatase dissolved in natural waters by fluorometry. (1983)

The sensitive determination of alkaline phosphatase activity using 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (4-MUP) as a substrate has been investigated by fluorometry. The detection limit of the present method was 5 pM, and the calibration curve was linear up to 3 μM. The experimental conditions for the fluorometric method was strictly compared with those for the conventional spectrophotometric one examined previously. The former was more sensitive by ca. 400-fold than the latter. The method for alkaline phosphatase activity measurement was applied to the chromatographic assay of alkaline phosphatase dissolved in lake and sea waters.
Cell Tolerability and Biodistribution in Mice of Indocyanine Green-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles (2012)

Considering toxicity requirements for clinical translation of fluorescence imaging applications, the use of biocompatible carriers for designing near infrared emitting contrast agents appears as an attractive alternative to semiconductor nanocrystals. Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have been designed to serve as carriers for indocyanine green (ICG), the presently only human-use approved near infrared dye. The cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility of these nanoparticle-based probes are determined in vitro, respectively in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and human blood samples. Comparative biodistribution of free ICG and ICG-LNP in mice is monitored, and an ex vivo fluorescence organ quantification is performed considering large animal cohorts. Good tolerability and very low hemolytic activity are demonstrated for naked and ICG-loaded LNP. Interestingly, ICG-LNP lead to long-term plasma fluorescence (> 24 hours) but also a partial intestinal reabsorption of ICG between 5 and 24 hours after injection. This novel ICG nanoformulation is foreseen to expand rapidly the field of clinical fluorescence imaging applications.
A 1 GHz CMOS analog front-end for a generalized PRML read channel (2005)

A 1 GHz CMOS analog front-end for general partial response maximum likelihood (GPRML) read channel in hard disk drive application has been implemented in 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS. A continuous time analog filter fulfills the relaxed equalization for GPRML detection and can save up to 35% power consumption for the whole read channel. An analog DFE-based timing recovery loop is implemented to avoid the extremely long latency in the digital signal processing path (Viterbi decoder). The measured performances is 1.1 dB off simulations at 800 MHz and 1.6 dB off at 1GHz. The chip draws 240 mW from a 3.3 V supply at 800MHz clock and 380 mW from a 3.6 V supply at 1 GHz clock.
Transverse load sensing by use of pi-phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings (1999)

The birefringence of a pi -phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating can be determined with high accuracy by measurement of the polarization-induced spectral splitting of its narrow central transmission window. The use of this feature for sensing of a load applied in the direction transverse to the optical fiber is demonstrated. A distributed force resolution of 1.4x10(-3) N/mm was obtained, which corresponds to a difference in the principal strains of the fiber core of 0.5mu? . We also show that the transverse load response of the sensor is insensitive to temperature.
An overview of regression testing (1999)

Regression testing is an important part of the software development life cycle. Many articles have been published lately detailing the different approaches. This article is an overview of regression testing in the following areas: types of regression testing; unit, integration and system level testing, regression testing of global variables, regression testing of object-oriented software, comparisons of selective regression techniques, and cost comparisons of the types of regression testing.
Hierarchical topological sorting of apparent loops via partitioning (1992)

Topological sorting (rank ordering) is a highly useful technique for ordering a set of objects according to a precedence relation, producing an ordered list suitable for processing. Applications for topological sorting include compiled logic simulation and timing analysis. While topological sorting is easily accomplished for flat combinational logic networks, hierarchical logic can be difficult to order because feedback may appear in the hierarchical representation even though it is not present in an equivalent flattened representation. This paper presents a new general solution to this problem and describes an efficient algorithm for topological sorting even in the presence of such apparent loops. Its application to hierarchical functional simulation of combinational and synchronous sequential logic is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Torque ripple reduction in direct torque controlled Brushless DC motor (2011)

This paper describes torque ripple reduction in direct torque controlled Brushless DC Motor. The zero voltage vector in present most direct torque control technique is defined as the state when all switches are turn-off. However, in studying the circuit of the switch state in each sector, recognized the voltage of motor windings are not zero. Thus, six switch states corresponding to zero voltage vector as well as the rule to select zero voltage vector are proposed based on analyzing voltage vector one by one in each sector. Besides, the method of estimating electromagnetic torque according to stator current and back-EMF constant which is difficulty to off-line detect since, to most motors, neutral line of stator winding is not lead-out. So this paper adopts line back-EMF constant which is easy to detect off-line to estimate electromagnetic torque and give the formula. Finally, results of Matlab simulation and DSP experiment are given to verify the validity and feasibility.
Comparison of Cloud database: Amazon's SimpleDB and Google's Bigtable (2011)

Cloud Computing can be defined as a service or a platform, or an operating system over the Internet to perform tasks. Database has become a part and parcel of life and is being used in almost every computer application. As it is considered the most basic thing, Cloud computing offers this database service too. There are different cloud providers or platforms like Amazon, Google, Microsoft, and many more available in the market. Every cloud platform provides a database for the developers and each one of them has their own merits and demerits. In this paper the characteristics, architectures, advantages of Amazon's SimpleDB and Google's Big Table database are analyzed and discussed in detail. From the comparison of these databases, users can better understand the different cloud database and more reasonably choose what they want.
Amine-functionalization of glycidyl methacrylate-containing emulsion-templated porous polymers and immobilization of proteinase K for biocatalysis (2013)

Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) emulsion-templated porous polymers (polyHIPEs) were prepared by thermal and photopolymerisation and derivatised with morpholine, tris(2-aminoethylamine) and a bisamino-PEG homobifunctional molecule. The extent of the functionalization reactions was investigated by a range of qualitative and quantitative techniques (FTIR, CHN analysis, titration, XPS, HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy, ninhydrin assay and Fmoc number determination) and was found to be excellent for small molecule amines (up to 89% conversion) but low for the reaction with PEG (2% conversion). This was ascribed to the high exclusion volume of the PEG chains in solution. Proteinase K (Pro K) was subsequently immobilized covalently onto the GMA polyHIPE material, both directly via reaction with surface epoxy groups and indirectly by activation of the pendent amine groups of PEGylated polyHIPE with glutaraldehyde then reductive amination with the enzyme. The activity of the supported enzymes was determined by a continuous electrochemical assay involving the hydrolysis of N-acetyl-l-tyrosine ethyl ester. The directly immobilized Pro K was found to have an activity of only 3.6 U/g whereas the activity of the enzyme immobilized via the PEG linker was much higher (up to 78 U/g).
<i>shibire</i>mutations reveal distinct dynamin-independent and-dependent endocytic pathways in primary cultures of<i>Drosophila</i>hemocytes (2003)

We have developed a primary cell culture system derived from embryonic and larval stages of Drosophila. This allows for high-resolution imaging and genetic analyses of endocytic processes. Here, we have investigated endocytic pathways of three types of molecules: an endogenous receptor that binds anionic ligands (ALs), glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein (GPI-AP), and markers of the fluid phase in primary hemocytes. We find that the endogenous AL-binding receptor (ALBR) is internalized into Rab5-positive endosomes, whereas the major portion of the fluid phase is taken up into Rab5-negative endosomes; GPI-APs are endocytosed into both classes of endosomes. ALBR and fluid-phase-containing early endosomes subsequently fuse to yield a population of Rab7-positive late endosomes. In primary culture, the endocytic phenotype of ALBR internalization in cells carrying mutations in Drosophila Dynamin (dDyn) at the shibire locus (shits) parallels the temperature-sensitive behavior of shits animals. At the restrictive temperature in shits cells, receptor-bound ALs remain completely surface accessible, localized to clathrin and alpha-adaptin-positive structures. On lowering the temperature, ALs are rapidly sequestered, suggesting a reversible block at a late step in dDyn-dependent endocytosis. By contrast, GPI-AP and fluid-phase endocytosis are quantitatively unaffected at the restrictive temperature in shits hemocytes, demonstrating a constitutive dDyn and Rab5-independent endocytic pathway in Drosophila.