gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
School ties: A social network analysis of friendships in a multilingual kindergarten (1996)

SUMMARY This paper presents a micro level analysis of data from the Box Hill Nursery Project, an ethnolinguistic study carried out in the north-east of England (Thompson, 1994 & 1995), into the language and social behaviour of a group of eight children, four girls and four boys, during their first term in a nursery school, during the period of their enculturation into formal education. The informants, aged between three years and four months (3.4) and three years and seven months (3.7), are third generation British born to families of Pakistani origin. They are Moslems from the Mirpur region. They speak Mirpuri, vernacular Urdu-Panjabi, and English.
The Microbiota and Health Promoting Characteristics of the Fermented Beverage Kefir (2016)

Kefir is a complex fermented dairy product created through the symbiotic fermentation of milk by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts contained within an exopolysaccharide and protein complex called a kefir grain. As with other fermented dairy products, kefir has been associated with a range of health benefits such as cholesterol metabolism and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, antimicrobial activity, tumor suppression, increased speed of wound healing, and modulation of the immune system including the alleviation of allergy and asthma. These reports have led to increased interest in kefir as a focus of research and as a potential probiotic-containing product. Here, we review those studies with a particular emphasis on the microbial composition and the health benefits of the product, as well as discussing the further development of kefir as an important probiotic product.
Quantitation of dose and concentration‐effect relationships for fenclofenac in rheumatoid arthritis. (1986)

Response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is not usually assessed on the basis of concentration measurements: identification of a concentration-effect relationship has proved difficult to achieve. Dose and concentration-effect relationships of fenclofenac have been determined in a group of 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis at three dose levels (600, 1200 and 1800 mg day-1). The study was double-blind and treatments were randomised according to a Latin square design. A multiple linear regression technique (GLIM) was used in the analysis. The best model to describe the change in effect in terms of dose and concentration incorporated an average slope and an individual subject intercept for each effect measurement. On average, an improvement in grip strength of 20 mm Hg could be obtained with an increase in fenclofenac (trough) concentration of 100 micrograms ml-1.
Some Specific Approaches to the Spectrochemical Analysis of Copper and Copper base Alloys (1949)

Aside from the general routine control of cast mixtures by the Spectrographic division of our laboratory, some specific Spectrochemical techniques have been instituted to cover certain of the elements because of the shape and size of the sample, the type of preparation required, mixture or alloy involved, the number of analyses required over a given period of time, and the mode of excitation found most suitable for the determination of that particular element under test.
Type II glucocorticoid receptors in the CNS regulate metabolism in ob/ob mice independent of protein synthesis (1994)

A single intracerebroventricular injection of dexamethasone rapidly (within 30 min) decreases brown adipose tissue thermogenesis by 25% as assessed by GDP binding and increases plasma insulin twofold in adrenalectomized ob/ob mice. The present study investigated the type of corticoid receptor(s) that mediate these effects and determined whether protein synthesis was necessary for expression of these glucocorticoid actions in ob/ob mice. Intracerebroventricular injection of aldosterone (a type I-corticoid receptor agonist) was ineffective in altering peripheral metabolism in adrenalectomized ob/ob mice, whereas RU-486 (a type II-corticoid receptor antagonist) abolished the effects of dexamethasone. Thus type II-like corticoid receptors, not type I receptors, mediated the rapid effects of dexamethasone in adrenalectomized ob/ob mice. Anisomycin (0.5 mg) administered subcutaneously almost completely suppressed (-92%) cerebral protein synthesis, but anisomycin did not abolish the rapid effects of dexamethasone in adrenalectomized ob/ob mice. Thus protein synthesis is not a prerequisite for rapid effects of dexamethasone in adrenalectomized ob/ob mice.
Molecular Genetics and Markers of Progression (2000)

Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common solid tumor in American males (1). The wide spectrum of biological behavior (2) exhibited by prostatic neoplasms poses the difficulty of predicting the clinical course in the individual patient (3,4). Because of increasing public awareness and screening efforts, the enhanced incidence has translated into a large increase in the use of radical prostatectomy as well as four other treatment modalities for localized disease (5). With this incremental rise in surgical intervention has come the frustrating realization of the inability to predict organ-confined disease and clinical outcome for a given patient (5, 6). Traditional markers, such as grade, clinical stage, and pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA), are of limited prognostic value for individual men. There is clearly a need to recognize and develop molecular and genetic biomarkers to improve prognostication and the management of the patient with clinically localized CaP. As with other common human neoplasia (7), the search for molecular genetic markers to better define the genesis and progression of CaP, is the key focus for cancer research investigations worldwide.
Integrated ASK Demodulator Dedicated to Implantable Electronic Devices (2006)

We present in this paper a new integrated amplitude shift-keying (ASK) demodulator dedicated to electronic implantable device (IED) systems. ASK modulation/demodulation is commonly used by IED when transmitting data witch is usually carried out using remote transmission systems. The proposed ASK demodulator is designed to process input currents with a very small modulation depth (the difference between the two allowable amplitude levels of the ASK modulated input current). The demodulator is designed with Cadence CAD tools and Specter simulator using 0.18 mum, 1.8 V CMOS technology process. Preliminary post-layout simulation results are promising and the circuit is now under fabrication process
Effect of Pulsed Air Jet on the Air Jet Removal of Adhered Single Particles (2008)

Removal of single particles adhered on a flat plate by a pulsed air jet has been investigated experimentally. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the factors that affect the improvement of the removal by pulsed air jet.Experimental results showed that the improvement of removal by pulsed air appears only when the nozzle pressure is higher than the critical pressure at which the air jet velocity through the nozzle reaches the sonic velocity. When the nozzle pressure is set at above the critical pressure, the improvement has the maximum at a certain pulse frequency (i. e., there exists an optimum frequency). Measurement of the air pressure on the flat plate surface revealed that the air pressure never falls to zero at a frequency higher than the optimum frequency. On the other hand, it was found in the frequency range lower than the optimum frequency that the improvement of the removal increases with a decrease in the interval time of the pulse. Thus, the optimum frequency is the frequency that has the shortest interval time for reaching each pulsed air jet to the surface as an independent air jet.
Position-dependent encoding (2002)

In typical MC-DCT compression algorithms, up to 90% of the available bit rate is used to encode the location and amplitude information of the nonzero quantized DCT coefficients. Therefore, efficient encoding of the location and amplitude information is extremely important for high quality video compression. In this paper we describe the position-dependent encoding (PDE) approach for encoding the DCT coefficients. This method attempts to exploit the inherent differences in statistical properties of the run-lengths and amplitudes as a function of position. This paper includes preliminary comparisons between the PDE scheme and conventional coding approaches. The PDE approach can be applied in any transform/subband filtering scheme for image or video compression.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Glutathione contents of tissues in the aging mouse (1980)

1. Previous results from this laboratory demonstrated that the erythrocyte content of reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased as a function of both increasing cell age and mouse age [Abraham, Taylor & Lang (1978) Biochem. J. 174, 819-825]. In the present investigation glutathione concentrations were determined in other tissues of the C57BL/6J mouse of different ages (6--31 months) throughout the life-span. 2. At all ages the total glutathione and the GSH concentrations in liver were 3 times that in kidney and 10 times that in heart. In the old (31 months) mouse the GSH contents were lower by 30% in the liver, 34% in the kidney and 20% in the heart than in the mature (17--23 months) animals. 3. The oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations of the tissues did not vary with age and constituted less than 3% of the total glutathione. 4. The decreased in GSH concentrations were not due to changes in organ weights, which were constant from 10 to 36 months of age. 5. These findings extend our previous results and indicate that a general characteristic of aging tissues may be a decrease in GSH concentrations. Further, this is consistent with our hypothesis that the reducing potential of tissues decreases in senescence.
Utilization of a Combination of Weak Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions and Phase Segregation to Yield Highly Thermosensitive Supramolecular Polymers (2005)

Supramolecular polymerization, i.e., the self-assembly of polymer-like materials through the utilization of the noncovalent bond, is a developing area of research. In this paper, we report the synthesis and investigation of nucleobase-terminated (N6-anisoyl-adenine and N4-(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)cytosine) low molecular weight poly(THF) macromonomers (<2000 g mol(-1)). Even though the degree of interaction between the nucleobase derivatives is very low (<5 M(-1)) these macromonomers self-assemble in the solid state to yield materials with film and fiber-forming capability. While the mechanical properties of films of both materials show extreme temperature sensitivity, resulting in the formation of very low viscosity melts, they do behave differently, which is attributed to the nature of the self-assembly controlled by the nucleobase. A combination of FT-IR, WAXD, and rheological experiments was carried out to further investigate the nature of the self-assembly in these systems. The studies demonstrate that a combination of phase segregation between the hard nucleobase chain ends and the soft poly(THF) core combined with aromatic amide hydrogen bonding is utilized to yield the highly thermosensitive supramolecular polymeric materials. In addition, analysis of the data suggests that the rheological properties of these supramolecular materials is controlled by the disengagement rate of the nucleobase chain ends from the "hard" phase, which, if shown to be general, provides a design criteria in the development of more thermally responsive materials.
Theoretical studies of ligand-free cadmium selenide and related semiconductor clusters (2002)

The results of density functional theory potential surface investigations are presented for small ZnS, ZnSe, CdS, and CdSe clusters, up to the heptamer. Clusters of CdSe are investigated further by geometry optimizations of larger crystal structure sections with up to 198 atoms that correspond to the wurtzite modification. In addition to structures and energies of these clusters, we present electron affinities, ionization potentials as well as electronic excitation spectra, obtained from time dependent density functional theory.
Textual Similarity based on Proper Names (2002)

Proper names represent about 10% of English or French newspaper articles. Their quantity and informational quality is already used in different Information Extraction systems. Proper names have widely been studied in the MUC conferences designed to promote research in Information Extraction. We have created our own named entity extraction tool based on a linguistic description with automata. The extracted names are used in an information retrieval process: we want to cluster journalistic texts with a high precision level and to provide a description of the topic of the clusters. We verify the interest in the use of proper names in measures of similarities trying to improve the clustering of newspaper texts.
Asymmetric Ni-Catalyzed Conjugate Allylation of Activated Enones (2008)

The nickel-catalyzed enantioselective addition of allylboronic acid pinacol ester, allylB(pin), is described. This reaction is highly effective with dialkylidene ketones and favors the allylation of the benzylidene site in nonsymmetric substrates. The reaction appears to proceed by conversion of the dialkylidene ketone substrate to an unsaturated pi-allyl complex (I), followed by reductive elimination. Enantioselectivities range from 91 to 94% ee for a range of substrates when chiral ligand 14 is employed.
Effect of Furnace Preanneal and Rapid Thermal Annealing on Arsenic‐Implanted Silicon (1985)

In this paper, the effect of low temperature preanneal followed by rapid thermal annealing on arsenic‐implanted Si is studied. The electrical properties and impurity distribution of the annealed Si are discussed. Sheet mobility and dopant activation of the implanted Si (100) samples (As+: 80 keV, doses) as functions of annealing temperature are reported. TEM measurements on samples with and without preanneal (550°C, 1h) are presented. RBS and channeling results on samples with and without preanneal are also included. It is found that the dopant diffusion during RTA of dose As implants can be reduced somewhat by employing a 550°C, 1h furnace preanneal prior to RTA. However, the preanneal does not have significant effect on the carrier profiles of the dose implants. In some cases, the preanneal increases the dopant activation slightly.
Magnetic Resonance Molecular Imaging of Thrombosis in an Arachidonic Acid Mouse Model Using an Activated Platelet Targeted Probe (2010)

P975 allowed in vivo target-specific noninvasive MRI of activated platelets.
Inorganic Chemistry of Defensive Peroxidases in the Human Oral Cavity (2008)

The innate host response system is comprised of various mechanisms for orchestrating host response to microbial infection of the oral cavity. The heterogeneity of the oral cavity and the associated microenvironments that are produced give rise to different chemistries that affect the innate defense system. One focus of this review is on how these spatial differences influence the two major defensive peroxidases of the oral cavity, salivary peroxidase (SPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). With hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as an oxidant, the defensive peroxidases use inorganic ions to produce antimicrobials that are generally more effective than H(2)O(2) itself. The concentrations of the inorganic substrates are different in saliva vs. gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Thus, in the supragingival regime, SPO and MPO work in unison for the exclusive production of hypothiocyanite (OSCN(-), a reactive inorganic species), which constantly bathes nascent plaques. In contrast, MPO is introduced to the GCF during inflammatory response, and in that environment it is capable of producing hypochlorite (OCl(-)), a chemically more powerful oxidant that is implicated in host tissue damage. A second focus of this review is on inter-person variation that may contribute to different peroxidase function. Many of these differences are attributed to dietary or smoking practices that alter the concentrations of relevant inorganic species in the oral cavity (e.g.: fluoride, F(-); cyanide, CN(-); cyanate, OCN(-); thiocyanate, SCN(-); and nitrate, NO(3)(-)). Because of the complexity of the host and microflora biology and the associated chemistry, it is difficult to establish the significance of the human peroxidase systems during the pathogenesis of oral diseases. The problem is particularly complex with respect to the gingival sulcus and periodontal pockets (where the very different defensive stratagems of GCF and saliva co-mingle). Despite this complexity, intriguing in vitro and in vivo studies are reviewed here that reveal the interplay between peroxidase function and associated inorganic chemistry.
Adaptability in the workplace: Development of a taxonomy of adaptive performance. (2000)

The purpose of this research was to develop a taxonomy of adaptive job performance and examine the implications of this taxonomy for understanding, predicting, and training adaptive behavior in work settings. Two studies were conducted to address this issue. In Study 1, over 1,000 critical incidents from 21 different jobs were content analyzed to identify an 8-dimension taxonomy of adaptive performance. Study 2 reports the development and administration of an instrument, the Job Adaptability Inventory, that was used to empirically examine the proposed taxonomy in 24 different jobs. Exploratory factor analyses using data from 1,619 respondents supported the proposed 8-dimension taxonomy from Study 1. Subsequent confirmatory factor analyses on the remainder of the sample (n = 1,715) indicated a good fit for the 8-factor model. Results and implications are discussed.
On the use of instantaneous entropy to measure the momentary predictability of human mobility (2013)

Algorithms that can reliably predict the next location visited by a user can enable a large number of applications. The accuracy that can be achieved by these algorithms depends on the inherent characteristics of the mobility pattern of the user, i.e., on its predictability. Recent studies have shown the theoretical limits of human predictability and have provided a sound mathematical framework to compute predictability bounds using the entropy of the sequence of locations visited by the user. However, most of the existing results focus on the characterization of the predictability over long periods of time, e.g., a few weeks. For several applications, though, knowledge of the momentary predictability, i.e., the predictability at a given time instant k is required. To this end, a novel metric called Instantaneous Entropy (IE) has been introduced in the literature. In this paper, we investigate the actual suitability of the IE metric to characterize the momentary predictability. We provide quantitative results to show that IE can estimate the momentary predictability of human mobility only to a limited extent, i.e., as long as unfavorable situations do not appear in the sequence of historical locations visited by the user. Our analysis is based on both real human mobility traces and synthetically generated data.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Interacting with Digital Tabletops (2006)

A digital tabletop is sufficiently different from the standard desktop computer in that it invites researchers to challenge traditional perspectives on human-computer interaction, such as rethinking the use of a computer as a solitary act, the activities people do with computers, the types of social interactions that can be part of digital interactions, and how the interplay between digital and social needs can be supported. This special issue on digital tabletops provides a sample of the research being conducted in this domain.
Performance analysis of single-user and multiuser detectors for optical code division multiple access communication systems (1995)

Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a powerful multiplexing scheme, particularly suited to the optical domain with its broad spectrum. Unfortunately, analysis of optical CDMA (OCDMA) systems has been almost exclusively restricted to systems employing a correlation detector, which suffer high degradation when received user powers are dissimilar. This study examines the performance of an optimum single-user detector and two multiuser detectors for OCDMA in the presence of additive light intensity noise and Poisson detection. The optimized single-user detector is the maximum likelihood detector given the interference from other users is a random process with known distribution. One multiuser detector is based on a local search algorithm for maximizing the likelihood function. The second multiuser detector is a generalization of the optical multistage detector to accept soft-decision from the previous stage. Approximations to the error probabilities of the OCDMA system based on either random signature sequences or deterministic codes are derived for each detector using a large deviations theory approach. The asymptotic multiuser efficiency is found to be related to the large deviations rate function. The analysis shows that the correlation detector performance decreases rapidly as the number of users increases, while the optimized single-user detector and the two multiuser detectors proposed perform considerably better and show less sensitivity to unequal received user powers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance modeling of the IrDA protocol for infrared wireless communications (1998)

This article presents a performance analysis of the IrDA protocol used for short-range IR data communication using an analytical mathematical model. The IrDA protocol specifies a protocol stack for reliable short-range infrared wireless data communication between devices with the data link layer (IrLAP) being an HDLC derivative. The mathematical model is based on unidirectional data transfer and uses the concept of the virtual transmission time, which provides the average end-to-end transmission time of a packet, incorporating the time for retransmissions if packet errors occur or other enforced delays. Analytical results are produced for throughput against packet size, BER and minimum turnaround time. They indicate certain limitations of the protocol for efficient throughput at high data speeds, and indicate that the maximum frame size and window size should be increased and the minimum turnaround time minimized for improved results.
Novel Compact Multiband MIMO Antenna for Mobile Terminal (2012)

A novel compact MIMO antenna for personal digital assistant (PDA) and pad computer is proposed. The proposed antenna is composed by two multipatch monopole antennas which are placed 90° apart for orthogonal radiation. To strengthen the isolation, a T-shaped ground branch with proper dimension is used to generate an additional coupling path to lower the mutual coupling (below −15 dB), especially at GSM850/900 band. The proposed MIMO antenna is fabricated and tested, both the simulated and the measured results are presented, and some parametric studies are also demonstrated. In addition, there are some advantages about the proposed antenna such as simple structure, easy fabrication, and low cost.