gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Culture Conditions for Production of Thermostable Amylase by <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> (1986)

Bacillus stearothermophilus grew better on complex and semisynthetic medium than on synthetic medium supplemented with amino acids. Amylase production on the complex medium containing beef extract or corn steep liquor was higher than on semisynthetic medium containing peptone (0.4%). The synthetic medium, however, did not provide a good yield of extracellular amylase. Among the carbohydrates which favored the production of amylase are, in order starch > dextrin > glycogen > cellobiose > maltohexaose-maltopeptaose > maltotetraose and maltotriose. The monosaccharides repressed the enzyme production, whereas inositol and d-sorbitol favored amylase production. Organic and inorganic salts increased amylase production in the order of KCI > sodium malate > potassium succinate, while the yield was comparatively lower with other organic salts of Na and K. Amino acids, in particular isoleucine, cysteine, phenylalanine, and aspartic acids, were found to be vital for amylase synthesis. Medium containing CaCl(2) 2H(2)O enhanced amylase production over that on Ca -deficient medium. The detergents Tween-80 and Triton X-100 increased biomass but significantly suppressed amylase synthesis. The amylase powder obtained from the culture filtrate by prechilled acetone treatment was stable over a wide pH range and liquefied thick starch slurries at 80 degrees C. The crude amylase, after (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fractionation, had an activity of 210.6 U mg. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme were found to be 82 degrees C and 6.9, respectively. Ca was required for the thermostability of the enzyme preparation.
The Proteomic Profile of Circulating Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) Complex in Sepsis Demonstrates the Interaction with Azurocidin 1 and Other Components of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (2012)

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a long pentraxin subfamily member in the pentraxin family, plays an important role in innate immunity as a soluble pattern recognition receptor. Plasma PTX3 is elevated in sepsis (~200 ng/ml) and correlates with mortality. The roles of PTX3 in sepsis, however, are not well understood. To investigate the ligands of PTX3 in sepsis, we performed a targeted proteomic study of circulating PTX3 complexes using magnetic bead-based immunopurification and shotgun proteomics for label-free relative quantitation via spectral counting. From septic patient fluids, we successfully identified 104 candidate proteins, including the known PTX3-interacting proteins involved in complement activation, pathogen opsonization, inflammation regulation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Notably, the proteomic profile additionally showed that PTX3 formed a complex with some of the components of neutrophil extracellular traps. Subsequent biochemical analyses revealed a direct interaction of bactericidal proteins azurocidin 1 (AZU1) and myeloperoxidase with PTX3. AZU1 exhibited high affinity binding (K(D) = 22 ± 7.6 nm) to full-length PTX3 in a calcium ion-dependent manner and bound specifically to an oligomer of the PTX3 N-terminal domain. Immunohistochemistry with a specific monoclonal antibody generated against AZU1 revealed a partial co-localization of AZU1 with PTX3 in neutrophil extracellular traps. The association of circulating PTX3 with components of the neutrophil extracellular traps in sepsis suggests a role for PTX3 in host defense and as a potential diagnostic target.
Improvement of video signal-to-noise ratio with adaptive recursive filtering (2002)

In order to reduce the noise in video signals, an adaptive recursive filtering technique is proposed. While filtering out the noise, a motion estimation process is used in order to preserve motion details. The shape of the filter transfer function is changed according to type of estimated motion. Therefore, the amount of noise reduction becomes motion dependent. To the test performance of the method, several subjective tests have been done. The results indicate that the noise visibility on the screen is prominently reduced while moving details are preserved.
Evaluating ate-equipment for volume diagnosis (2006)

Test data collection is increasingly seen as an important functionality of the ATE. The lack of clear specification parameters makes comparison of different ATE equipment with regard to data collection a difficult job. In this paper, the approach of Infineon Technologies is presented. Evaluation scenarios for measuring the performance of new ATE equipment regarding diagnosis data acquisition during production test are described. Evaluation results of "state-of-the-art" test equipment are compared and the deficiencies of today's test equipment are discussed compared to Infineons requirement "zero run time overhead"
Single wire model of high gradient magnetic separation processes III (1977)

Experimental results are presented for the buildup process of paramagnetic particles in single wire HGMS for the system in which the field is in parallel with the flow and perpendicular to the wire. The range of validity of a previously developed theoretical model for the initial rate of particle buildup is established and reasons for the failure of the model at high flow velocities are discussed. Data are also presented correlating anemometer measurements of deposits with photographic observations. A limited range of velocities and buildup over which anemometer methods may be useful is found, with decreasing accuracy at increasing flow velocities leading to a failure of this experimental method at the highest velocities (35 cm/s), and also at large buildup volumes.
Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Encoding Open Reading Frame 11 Targets TANK Binding Kinase 1 To Negatively Regulate the Host Type I Interferon Response (2014)

Gammaherpesviruses are important human pathogens, as they are associated with various kinds of tumors. Upon virus infection, the type I interferon pathway is activated by a series of signaling molecules and stimulates antiviral gene expression. To subvert such interferon antiviral responses, viruses are equipped with multiple factors that can inhibit its critical steps. In this study, we took an unbiased genomic approach using a mutant library of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 to screen a novel viral immune modulator that negatively regulates the type I interferon pathway and identified ORF11 as a strong candidate. ORF11-deficient virus infection produced more interferon than the wild type in both fibroblasts and macrophages. During virus replication, ORF11 directly bound to TBK1, a key regulatory protein in the interferon pathway, and inhibited TBK1-mediated interferon production. Our results highlight a crucial role of TBK1 in controlling DNA virus infection and a viral strategy to curtail host surveillance.
Mutagenicity of rubber additives and curing fumes. Results from five short-term bioassays. (1983)

The mutagenicity of rubber additives and curing fumes from some rubber formulations were studied in five short-term tests: point mutations in Chinese hamster V79 cells, the induction of sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells, micronuclei in erythrocytes of Chinese hamster bone marrow, sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster, and reverse mutations in the Salmonella/microsome assay. When 46 rubber additives were tested with Salmonella, 15 compounds were mutagenic, 16 were negative, and 15 were negative with no observed toxicity. Only one negative response was obtained for the nine tested samples of curing fumes. Thiuram and dithiocarbamate additives and some curing fumes with mutagenic responses in Salmonella were the primary objects of study in the other four test systems. Although the results of these four tests did not completely parallel the Salmonella results, they indicate that the individual compounds and the curing fumes from different types of rubber formulations may involve genotoxic risks.
Symbolische Gewalt und Habitus-Struktur-Konflikte. Entwurf einer Heuristik zur Analyse und Bearbeitung von Konflikten (2019)

The field of peace and conflict studies is characterized by certain boundaries: In general terms, researchers differentiate between normative and analytical approaches as well as between structuralist, culturalist and actor oriented concepts. These different perspectives are typically indicated by different notions of conflict and violence, thereby often leading to an analytical separation between conflict analysis and conflict resolution. Lars Schmitt’s working paper takes this constellation as a starting point to develop a new perspective for the analysis and transformation of conflicts. His analytical heuristic, the so called habitus-structure conflicts, attempts to overcome these oppositions which are considered untenable from an epistemological viewpoint. Based on the socioanalysis of Pierre Bourdieu, this heuristic is presented as a hermeneutic circle indicating the interrelation of social inequality and power relations on the one and conflicts on the other hand. Symbolic violence can be seen here as a functional principle of society: It allows society to reproduce itself by keeping conflicts at a latent level. Depending on their respective group affiliation, the chances of individuals at securing decent standards of living are unequally distributed. Yet this inequality is unlikely to erupt into (direct) violence. This applies for at least two reasons. First, habitus and structure are inherently linked to each other. Individuals internalize inequality at an early stage (habitus); as a result, they tend not to conceive of situations in which inequalities materialize (structure) as illegitimate. Second, the unequal distribution of chances to secure a decent living is mediated by symbols and “naturalized” during that process. Individuals realize that hierarchies exist; due to the plurality of symbols and the possibility to choose between them, however, they perceive them as naturally given, as based on merit, as just. As a consequence, the social genesis of inequality remains unacknowledged and potential class conflicts are transformed into individualized competitions in social fields, intrapersonal psychic conflicts or violence against scapegoats. The key concept of habitus-structure conflicts is able to frame these different conflicts within a society and to relate them to the underlying symbolic violence. In the conclusion, Lars Schmitt illustrates that uncovering the hidden mechanisms of power may not only lead to emancipatory effects at the individual level, but is also a prerequisite for mediating intercultural conflicts.
The Structural Analysis of the Loviisa Plant Steel Containments for Service Life Extension (2006)

This paper reports the activities performed in order to prepare the application documents to extend the service life of the Loviisa nuclear power plant by 20 years. Five key components were selected for detailed analysis process concerning the ageing effects, namely: 1) reactor vessel; 2) primary coolant pump; 3) steam generator; 4) pressurizer; 5) containment. This report concentrates on the containment building. The containment consists of the following main parts: 1) hemispherical dome; 2) cylindrical shell with stiffening and anchoring rings; 3) pre-stressed anchoring bolts; 4) penetrations and openings in dome and cylinder; 5) reinforced concrete base slab and reactor pit; 6) steel lining of the base slab and reactor pit; 7) vertical penetrations and openings in the base slab and reactor pit; 8) columns and walls supporting the base slab. The analysis was based on the results of monitoring the aging of the containment parts during the 30 years operating life of the plant and also on the 3D-structural analysis of the containment taking into account the degradation effects. As a result of the analysis the weakest links of the containment were identified and the remaining lifetime was assessed.
The Elderly and Waterborne<i>Cryptosporidium</i>Infection: Gastroenteritis Hospitalizations before and during the 1993 Milwaukee Outbreak (2003)

We used the Temporal Exposure Response Surfaces modeling technique to examine the association between gastroenteritis-related emergency room visits and hospitalizations in the elderly and drinking water turbidity before and during the 1993 Milwaukee waterborne Cryptosporidium outbreak. Before the outbreak, the rate of such events increased with age in the elderly (p</=0.001), suggesting that the elderly are at an increased risk. During the outbreak, strong associations between turbidity and gastroenteritis-related emergency room visits and hospitalizations occurred at temporal lags of 5-6 days (consistent with the Cryptosporidium incubation period). A pronounced second wave of these illnesses in the elderly peaked at 13 days. This wave represented approximately 40% of all excess cases in the elderly. Our findings suggest that the elderly had an increased risk of severe disease due to Cryptosporidium infection, with a shorter incubation period than has been previously reported in all adults and with a high risk for secondary person-to-person transmission.
Councils and Courts Among The Tiv—Traditional Concepts and Alien Institutions in a Non-Moslem Tribe of Northern Nigeria (1958)

The early reports which Northern Nigeria's first High Commissioner, Sir Frederick Lugard, made to Mr. Chamberlain, then Colonial Secretary, contain several unflattering references to “the hostility of the Munshi tribe” (1900–1 report) “who occupy about 4,000 square miles south of the Benue” (1904), “use poisoned arrows of a very deadly kind, and are a constant source of trouble, firing at canoes proceeding up the river” (1900–1), and arresting the construction of the important 200-mile telegraph line from Lokoja, the first capital, to the Niger Company's station up river at Ibi. Their physical dispersion in small groups over wide areas of thick bush, combined with the dispersal of authority over a number of petty “chiefs”, no doubt presented in some ways a more difficult problem than the centralised Emirates further north, the submission or capture of whose capital, combined with the appointment of a friendly-disposed Emir, could be the key to the immediate pacification of a wide area. It was not until 1907–8 that Lugard's successor could report “the inauguration of peaceful penetration and occupation of … the hitherto impenetrable Munshi country”.
High resolution 4D-friendly analysis: application to gas-oil contact monitoring at Troll West (2005)

A new workflow automatically providing high-resolution 4D-friendly attributes is applied to the Troll West Gas Province datasets (offshore Norway) to monitor the movement of the gas-oil contact. It consists in generating attributes of velocity and amplitude changes using enhanced resolution imaging and morphing. Morphing is used to remove velocity or noise-induced traveltime differences between the vintages, resulting in a 4Dfriendly difference which reflects more genuine changes of amplitude. These attributes are used to train a neural network scheme for estimation of gas-saturation changes and quantification of the gas-oil contact movement. The analysis shows coning along the tracks of a number of multilateral wells and identifies undrained volumes for infill drilling.
Flavivirus enzyme-substrate interactions studied with chimeric proteinases: identification of an intragenic locus important for substrate recognition (1991)

The proteins of flaviviruses are translated as a single long polyprotein which is co- and posttranslationally processed by both cellular and viral proteinases. We have studied the processing of flavivirus polyproteins in vitro by a viral proteinase located within protein NS3 that cleaves at least three sites within the nonstructural region of the polyprotein, acting primarily autocatalytically. Recombinant polyproteins in which part of the polyprotein is derived from yellow fever virus and part from dengue virus were used. We found that polyproteins containing the yellow fever virus cleavage sites were processed efficiently by the yellow fever virus enzyme, by the dengue virus enzyme, and by various chimeric enzymes. In contrast, dengue virus cleavage sites were cleaved inefficiently by the dengue virus enzyme and not at all by the yellow fever virus enzyme. Studies with chimeric proteinases and with site-directed mutants provided evidence for a direct interaction between the cleavage sites and the proposed substrate-binding pocket of the enzyme. We also found that the efficiency and order of processing could be altered by site-directed mutagenesis of the proposed substrate-binding pocket.
<scp>MDX</scp>‐1097 induces antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity against kappa multiple myeloma cells and its activity is augmented by lenalidomide (2015)

MDX-1097 is an antibody specific for a unique B cell antigen called kappa myeloma antigen (KMA) that consists of cell membrane-associated free kappa light chain (κFLC). KMA was detected on kappa human multiple myeloma cell lines (κHMCLs), on plasma cells (PCs) from kappa multiple myeloma (κMM) patients and on κPC dyscrasia tissue cryosections. In primary κMM samples, KMA was present on CD38+ cells that were CD138 and CD45 positive and/or negative. MDX-1097 exhibited a higher affinity for KMA compared to κFLC and the latter did not abrogate binding to KMA. MDX-1097-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and in vitro exposure of target cells to the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide resulted in increased KMA expression and ADCC. Also, in vitro exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to lenalidomide enhanced MDX-1097-mediated ADCC. PBMCs obtained from myeloma patients after lenalidomide therapy elicited significantly higher levels of MDX-1097-mediated ADCC than cells obtained prior to lenalidomide treatment. These data establish KMA as a relevant cell surface antigen on MM cells that can be targeted by MDX-1097. The ADCC-inducing capacity of MDX-1097 and its potentiation by lenalidomide provide a powerful rationale for clinical evaluation of MDX-1097 alone and in combination with lenalidomide.
A Mechanistic Model for Cuttings Transport (1994)

ABSTRACT A cutting generated at the bit may be transported to the surface by several different mechanisms as it moves along the wellbore. The specific mechanism depends on the wellbore angle. For high angles, where a stationary cuttings bed can form, transport is via a rolling mechanism. In intermediate angles, where a churning, moving cuttings bed can form, transport is via a lifting mechanism. At near-vertical angles, particle settling determines transport. The model described below combines fluid mechanical treatments of these mechanisms into a format for easy analysis of cuttings transport in wells of any configuration.
3-Amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid in antibiotic biosynthesis VI. Directed biosynthesis studies with ansamycin antibiotics. (1983)

Biosynthesis of the ansamycin antibiotic actamycin (2) was markedly increased by the addition of the precursor 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (1) to the producing Streptomyces fermentation. Similar addition of the 4-chloro, 6-chloro, N-methyl and O-methyl analogues 4, 6, 5 and 7 of the amino acid 1 reduced actamycin production and did not yield structurally modified ansamycins. These results with the analogues 4, 5 and 7 indicate that the corresponding chlorine, N-methyl and O-methyl substituents present in the nuclei of various ansamycins are introduced at biosynthetic stages beyond the level of the amino acid 1.
Effect of ATP Sulfurylase Overexpression in Bright Yellow 2 Tobacco Cells1 (1998)

To determine if the ATP sulfurylase reaction is a regulatory step for the SO4(2-)-assimilation pathway in plants, an Arabidopsis thaliana ATP sulfurylase cDNA, APS2, was fused to the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus and introduced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation into isolated Bright Yellow 2 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells. The ATP sulfurylase activity in transgenic cells was 8-fold that in control cells, and was correlated with the expression of a specific polypeptide revealed by western analysis using an anti-ATP sulfurylase antibody. The molecular mass of this polypeptide agreed with that for the overexpressed mature protein. ATP sulfurylase overexpression had no effect on [35S]SO4(2-) influx or ATP sulfurylase activity regulation by S availability, except that ATP sulfurylase activity variations in response to S starvation in transgenic cells were 8 times higher than in the wild type. There were also no differences in cell growth or sensitivity to SeO4(2-) (a toxic SO4(2-) analog) between transgenic and wild-type cells. We propose that in Bright Yellow 2 tobacco cells, the ATP sulfurylase derepression by S deficiency may involve a posttranscriptional mechanism, and that the ATP sulfurylase abundance is not limiting for cell metabolism.
A new insight into high-strength Ti62Nb12.2Fe13.6Co6.4Al5.8 alloys with bimodal microstructure fabricated by semi-solid sintering (2016)

It is well known that semi-solid forming could only obtain coarse-grained microstructure in a few alloy systems with a low melting point, such as aluminum and magnesium alloys. This work presents that semi-solid forming could also produce novel bimodal microstructure composed of nanostructured matrix and micro-sized (CoFe)Ti2 twins in a titanium alloy, Ti62Nb12.2Fe13.6Co6.4Al5.8. The semi-solid sintering induced by eutectic transformation to form a bimodal microstructure in Ti62Nb12.2Fe13.6Co6.4Al5.8 alloy is a fundamentally different approach from other known methods. The fabricated alloy exhibits high yield strength of 1790 MPa and plastic strain of 15.5%. The novel idea provides a new insight into obtaining nano-grain or bimodal microstructure in alloy systems with high melting point by semi-solid forming and into fabricating high-performance metallic alloys in structural applications.