gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Random-walk approach to the two-component random-conductor mixture: Perturbing away from the perfect random resistor network and random superconducting-network limits (1986)

We develop a random-walk approach that permits one to study novel physical phenomena that occur in the random two-component mixture of good and poor conductors. Our work significantly generalizes the previous body of knowledge on the random resistor network (pure ``ant'' limit) in which the poor-conductor species has infinite resistance, and the random superconductor network (pure ``termite'' limit) in which the good-conductor species has zero resistance. We find that for any fixed value of the concentration p of good conductors, we can map a system that is nearer the ant limit to one that is nearer the termite limit. Specifically, we find ${R}^{2}$(1,h,t/h)=${R}^{2}$(${h}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, 1,t) where ${R}^{2}$(${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{a}$,${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{b}$,t) is the mean-square displacement of the walker, and h=${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{b}$/${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{a}$ is the ratio of the conductivity of the poor and good components. This exact transformation permits one to develop a scaling theory for the general two-component case, which reduces to the known results for the ant limit and predicts dramatically new behavior for the termite limit. We test the scaling predictions extensively by Monte Carlo simulation methods. Finally, we develop an analogy with a simple magnetic system, in which the role of the magnetic field is played by the conductivity ratio h.
Ta2O5 Interfacial Layer between GST and W Plug enabling Low Power Operation of Phase Change Memories (2007)

A novel memory cell for phase-change memories (PCMs) that enables low-power operation has been developed. Power (i.e., current and voltage) for the cell is significantly reduced by inserting a very thin Ta2O5 film between GeSbTe (GST) and a W plug. The Ta2O5 interfacial layer works not only as a heat insulator enabling effective heat generation in GST but also as an adhesion layer between GST and SiO2 underneath. Nonetheless, sufficient current flows through the interfacial layer due to direct tunneling. A low programming power of 1.5 V/100 muA can therefore be obtained even on a W plug with a diameter of 180 nm fabricated using standard 0.13-mum CMOS technology. In addition, the uniformity and repeatability of cell resistance are excellent because of the inherently stable Ta2O5 film properties
Power bus decoupling on multilayer printed circuit boards (1995)

Guidelines for the selection and placement of decoupling capacitors that work well for one-sided or two-sided printed circuit boards are not appropriate for multilayer boards with power and ground planes. Boards without internal planes take advantage of the power bus inductance to help decouple components at the higher frequencies. An effective decoupling strategy for multilayer boards must account for the low inductance and relatively high capacitance of the power bus.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gynaecological Tuberculosis: Analysis of a Personal Series of 710 Cases (1985)

A study has been made of 710 patients with proved gynaecological tuberculosis investigated between January 1, 1951 and March 31, 1985. The main presenting symptoms in order of frequency were infertility, pelvic pain, excessive menstrual loss and amenorrhoea. The average age was 31 years at first attendance, only 16% of married women had been pregnant and palpable adnexal masses were found in 47%. Seven drug programmes have been used, the best results being obtained with the current regimen employing rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid. Where drug treatment failed, surgery under further drug cover was successfully employed. Toxic drug reactions occurred in 114 patients.
A Survey of Outlier Detection Methods in Network Anomaly Identification (2011)

The detection of outliers has gained considerable interest in data mining with the realization that outliers can be the key discovery to be made from very large databases. Outliers arise due to various reasons such as mechanical faults, changes in system behavior, fraudulent behavior, human error and instrument error. Indeed, for many applications the discovery of outliers leads to more interesting and useful results than the discovery of inliers. Detection of outliers can lead to identification of system faults so that administrators can take preventive measures before they escalate. It is possible that anomaly detection may enable detection of new attacks. Outlier detection is an important anomaly detection approach. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of well-known distance-based, density-based and other techniques for outlier detection and compare them. We provide definitions of outliers and discuss their detection based on supervised and unsupervised learning in the context of network anomaly detection.
Hydrocyclone procedure for starch-protein separation in laboratory wet milling. (1995)

A hydrocyclone system for starch-protein separation was developed for use with 1-kg samples in laboratory corn wet milling. A Doxie 5 hydrocyclone with all but one cyclone plugged and a five-pass starch washing system was compared to a traditional starch tabling procedure using both regular dent and waxy corn hybrids. The tabling procedure gave 3-4% higher starch yields in dent corn and 2-3% higher starch yields in waxy corn. Tabled starch had less protein (0.33 and 0.45% for dent and waxy, respectively) than the Doxie 5 hydrocyclone-separated starch (0.64 and 0.65% for dent and waxy, respectively). Using a Doxie Type A single hydrocyclone instead of the Doxie 5 increased the starch yield; however, protein in starch increased to 1.29 and 0.97% for dent and waxy, respectively. Design and operational differences may account for the different results. The hydrocyclone procedure reduced the time required for starch-protein separation by 75%. It also eliminated the requirement of a large floor area for starch tables, reduced the potential for operator error, and more closely simulated the starch-protein separation process used in industrial operations. The reduced testing time and ease of use will make the hydrocyclone procedure useful for comparing milling procedures or different corn hybrids.
Fightback in Perspective: What Difference Would it Make? (1992)

Abstract This article examines the economic, as opposed to social, effects of the Fightback package and concludes that both beneficial and adverse effects of the tax measures have been exaggerated. The switch from various taxes to a GST will increase efficiency but only slightly and will have a neglible effect on labour supply and savings. Adverse effects on small business and on federal financial relationships will not have a large impact on the economy. The superannuation proposals will probably reduce savings. The most important effect of the package may be to increase unemployment as a result of the emphasis on enterprise bargaining combined with a determination to prevent any rise in the rate of inflation following the introduction of a GST.
State-of-the-art performance of widely tunable modulated grating Y-branch lasers (2004)

Novel monolithic tunable laser diode with wide tuning range (191.05-196.80 THz), high side-mode suppression ratio (> 40 dB), high output power (> 13 dBm) and low power variation (< 1.5 dB) without additional amplification.
Micro fluorescent analysis system integrating GaN-light-emitting-diode on a silicon platform (2012)

A micro fluorescent analysis system is proposed using silicon micromachining. GaN blue light-emitting diode (LED) monolithically integrated on a silicon substrate is used as a light source for the fluorescent analysis system. The blue light suits the excitation of several dyes used commonly in fluorescent analysis. Silicon photodiode (Si-PD) that matches the visible and near infrared fluorescent wavelengths of dyes is integrated on a silicon substrate. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro-channels are also stacked for flowing dye-sensitized liquid. Therefore, the proposed system is an integrated system that can be composed on a silicon platform, i.e. a bottom layer of Si-PD, a middle layer of GaN-LED on silicon substrate and a top layer of micro PDMS channel. An aperture is opened into the GaN-LED layer by deep reactive ion etching to create a ring-shaped GaN-LED and a through-hole for detection. The light from the ring-shaped GaN-LED in the middle layer excites the dye-sensitized liquid in the top micro-channel layer. The fluorescence emitted from dye is detected by the Si-PD on the bottom layer at an angle larger than 90 degrees from the direction of excitation. Therefore, the detection optics consist basically of a dark-field illumination optical system. In order to evaluate the performance of the integrated system, fluorescence of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) solution flowing in the micro channel is measured. From the measurement, the noise, sensitivity and limit of detection in the fabricated system are evaluated for FITC dye to be 0.57 pA, 1.21 pA μM(-1) and 469 nM, respectively. From these results, a compact fluorescence analysis system is demonstrated.
Efficiency in Information Processing: A Study of Non-Nearby Currency Futures and Relationships with Nearby Counterparts (2006)

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the responses of non-nearby Japanese yen and Deutsche mark futures contracts to macroeconomic announcements and the efficiency of information flow between the nearby and non-nearby contracts. The results show that macroeconomic announcements affect the non-nearby futures returns more through their effects on interest rate differentials than through the underlying spot exchange rates. Information flows efficiently between the Deutsche mark nearby and non-nearby contracts, while information flows primarily from the Japanese yen nearby contracts to the non-nearby counterparts.
Neutrophils Rolling on Immobilised Platelets Migrate into Homotypic Aggregates after Activation (1998)

Interactions between platelets and leucocytes are implicated in the pathology of thrombotic vascular disease. Using a flow-based adhesion assay we have investigated a novel route for the formation of neutrophil aggregates on the surface of immobilised activated platelets. Neutrophils perfused over a platelet monolayer formed numerous rolling attachments but rapidly stopped and spread after the superfusion of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or platelet-activating factor (both at 10(-7) M). Subsequent integrin-mediated migration across the platelet monolayer enabled formation of homotypic neutrophil aggregates, which was significant within 2.5 min of receipt of either stimulus. Aggregates increased in size with time and had an average projected area of approximately 500 microm2 after 10 min. Increasing size was correlated with an increasing tendency for movement downstream and large aggregates sometimes tumbled in that direction. The formation and stability of homotypic aggregates was dependent on several adhesive mechanisms. Antibody blockade demonstrated that interactions involving CD11a/CD18 and ICAM-3, between alpha(v)beta3-integrin and CD31 and between L-selectin and an unidentified counter-ligand were all required for the complete aggregatory response. Furthermore, blockade of L-selectin allowed initial aggregation which then reversed, suggesting that this receptor might regulate the interactions between other adhesion molecules that directly supported cell-cell adhesion. We propose that this novel route for leucocyte aggregation could promote vascular occlusion in thrombotic vessels or at distal sites in the event of embolisation.
Reviews (2002)

Asbj⊘rn Aarseth: Ibsens samtidsskuespill. En studie i glasskapets dramaturgi Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1999. 375 p. ISBN 82–00–12965–9 Kristian Smidt. Ibsen Translated: A Report on English Versions of Henrik Ibsen's Peer Gynt and A Doll's House , Oslo: Solum Forlag, 2000. 125 p. ISBN 82–560–1210–2
Interplay of Surface Chemistry and Ion Content in Nanoparticle-Filled Solid Polymer Electrolytes (2014)

We investigate the influence of nanofiller surface chemistry and ion content on the conductivity of nanofilled PEO + LiClO4 solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) using dielectric spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FESEM, and quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). We consider the concentration series EO/Li = 8:1, 10:1 (eutectic composition), 14:1, with both acidic α-Al2O3 and neutral γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles. The acidic filler is more effective at increasing conductivity at the non- eutectic compositions. In contrast, the two surface chemistries provide comparable increases at the eutectic composition. This composition maximizes the influence of nanofillers, regardless of surface chemistry. We find no significant changes in crystallinity, glass transition temperature, nanoparticle dispersion, or PEO segmental dynamics as a function of surface chemistry. In the absence of salt, acidic particles slow PEO dynamics more than neutral particles, suggesting that the PEO chains and the acidic surface sites share a favorable interaction. A rotation consistent with the crystal structure PEO6:LiClO4 is observed up to 50 °C (8:1) and up to 75 °C (eutectic composition). PEO6 rotation is hindered by nanoparticles, with the degree of restriction as a function of surface chemistry. We propose a mechanism where nanofillers stabilize the PEO6 structure at their surface, and differences in surface chemistry and composition dictate the extent of stabilized PEO6 and whether Li movement in this structure is facile or restricted.
Microbial lipid production from pretreated and hydrolyzed corn fiber (2014)

With its high content of carbohydrates and low percentage of lignin, corn fiber represents a renewable feedstock that can be processed to produce biofuels. Through a combination of pretreatment by lime and enzymatic hydrolysis, total reducing sugars of 700 mg/g corn fiber were released. This amount is equivalent to 92.7% of theoretically available sugars in corn fiber. The resulting hydrolysate itself did not support any growth of Cryptococcus curvatus. But with addition of minerals, C. curvatus grew to a cell density of 6.6 g/L in 6 days. Using the adapted cells, rapid sugar consumption and cell growth were observed. This study demonstrated that it is feasible to produce microbial lipids from corn fiber through pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. In addition, C. curvatus is an excellent candidate for this application since it can utilize all major sugars, glucose, xylose, and arabinose with yield of cells and lipids as 0.55 and 0.27 g/g sugars, respectively.
Security mechanisms for the MAP agent system (2002)

Mobile agents represent a new communication paradigm which has recently obtained a great deal of attention from researchers and practitioners. Interesting applications exist in the fields of distributed systems management, mobility and information retrieval. Although widely recognized as a crucial point to be addressed, security has not been pursued in a satisfactory way yet. Most of all the existing software environments for agent programming do not offer security features or provide only partial implementations. We propose a security schema for mobile agents and describe its implementation inside the MAP platform. Some experimental results are also provided to evaluate the overhead introduced from the adoption of the proposed security mechanism.
High-Throughput TAIL-PCR as a Tool to Identify DNA Flanking Insertions (2003)

Thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (TAIL-PCR) is a fast and efficient method to amplify unknown sequences adjacent to known insertion sites in Arabidopsis. Nested, insertion-specific primers are used together with arbitrary degenerate primers (AD primers), which are designed to differ in their annealing temperatures. Alternating cycles of high and low annealing temperature yield specific products bordered by an insertion-specific primer on one side and an AD primer on the other. Further specificity is obtained through subsequent rounds of TAIL-PCR, using nested insertion-specific primers. The increasing availability of whole genome sequences renders TAIL-PCR an attractive tool to easily identify insertion sites in large genome tagging populations through the direct sequencing of TAIL-PCR products. For large-scale functional genomics approaches, it is desirable to obtain flanking sequences for each individual in the population in a fast and cost-effective manner. In this chapter, we describe a TAIL-PCR method amenable for high-throughput production (HT-TAIL-PCR) in Arabidopsis. Based on this protocol, HT-TAIL-PCR may be easily adapted for other organisms.
Genetic engineering ofSerratia marcescens with bacterial hemoglobin gene: Effects on growth, oxygen utilization, and cell size (1998)

The bacterial hemoglobin from Vitreoscilla has been shown to increase growth yield and yield of genetically engineered product in Escherichia coli. To test the generality of this phenomenon, the approximately 560-bp bacterial (Vitreoscilla) hemoglobin gene (vgb) (including the native promoter), cloned into the vector pUC8 in two constructs containing about 1650 and 850 bp, respectively, of Vitreoscilla DNA downstream of vgb, was transformed into Serratia marcescens. After several transfers of the transformants on selective media, both plasmids became stable in this host and the resulting strains produced hemoglobin. Both transformants were compared, regarding growth in liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) medium, with untransformed S. marcescens and S. marcescens transformed with pUC8. The vgb-bearing strains had about 5 times lower maximum viable cell numbers than the strains without hemoglobin, but the former also had late log or early stationary phase cells that were 5-10 times larger than those of the latter. Further, on a dry cell mass basis the presence of vgb inhibited cell growth in liquid media. In contrast, growth of the vgb-bearing strains on LB plates based on cell mass (determined from colony size) was markedly enhanced compared with that of the pUC8 transformant. Respiration of the vgb-bearing strains was lower than that of the strains without vgb on a cell mass basis. These results show that the presence of vgb can have idiosyncratic effects and is not always an aid to cell growth so that its use for genetic engineering must be tested on a case by case basis.
Humidity effects on the redox reactions and ionic transport in a Cu/Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/Pt atomic switch structure (2016)

Abstract Redox reactions at the Cu/Ta 2 O 5 interface and subsequent Cu ion transport in a Ta 2 O 5 film have been investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Under positive bias to the Cu electrode, Cu is preferentially oxidized to Cu 2+ and then to Cu + . Subsequent negative bias causes a reduction of the oxidized Cu ions at the interface. It was found that CV curves change drastically with varied relative humidity levels from 5 to 85%. At higher humidity levels, the ion concentrations and diffusion coefficients, estimated from the CV curves, suggest increased redox reaction rates and a significant contribution of proton conduction to the ionic transport. The results indicate that the redox reactions of moisture are rate-limiting and highlight the importance of water uptake by the matrix oxide film in understanding and controlling the resistive switching behavior of oxide-based atomic switches.
Evasion of Complement-Mediated Lysis and Complement C3 Deposition Are Regulated by <i>Francisella tularensis</i> Lipopolysaccharide O Antigen (2008)

The bacterium Francisella tularensis (Ft) is a potential weapon of bioterrorism when aerosolized. Macrophage infection is necessary for disease progression and efficient phagocytosis by human macrophages requires serum opsonization by complement. Microbial complement activation leads to surface deposition of a highly regulated protein complex resulting in opsonization or membrane lysis. The nature of complement component C3 deposition, i.e., C3b (opsonization and lysis) or C3bi (opsonization only) fragment deposition, is central to the outcome of activation. In this study, we examine the mechanisms of Ft resistance to complement-mediated lysis, C3 component deposition on the Ft surface, and complement activation. Upon incubation in fresh nonimmune human serum, Schu S4 (Ft subsp. tularensis), Fn (Ft subsp. novicida), and LVS (Ft subsp. holarctica live vaccine strain) were resistant to complement-mediated lysis, but LVSG and LVSR (LVS strains altered in surface carbohydrate structures) were susceptible. C3 deposition, however, occurred on all strains. Complement-susceptible strains had markedly increased C3 fragment deposition, including the persistent presence of C3b compared with C3bi, which indicates that C3b inactivation results in survival of complement-resistant strains. C1q, an essential component of the classical activation pathway, was necessary for lysis of complement-susceptible strains and optimal C3 deposition on all strains. Finally, use of Francisella LPS mutants confirmed O Ag as a major regulator of complement resistance. These data provide evidence that pathogenic Francisella activate complement, but are resistant to complement-mediated lysis in part due to limited C3 deposition, rapid conversion of surface-bound C3b to C3bi, and the presence of LPS O Ag.
d<sup>7</sup>/d<sup>8</sup> Metal Complexes Constructed from 2,6‐Bis(2‐benzimidazolyl)pyridyl or 2,6‐Di‐(pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine Derivatives: Synthesis, Structure, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity (2014)

By introducing 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridyl and 2,6-di-(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine derivatives as ligand in the reaction system, three new transition-metal coordination complexes have been successfully synthesized, namely, [Co(HL<sub>1</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ] (1), [Ni(HL<sub>1</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ] (2), and [Ni<sub>3</sub> (H<sub>2</sub> L<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ⋅(HL<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ]⋅(OH)<sub>3</sub> ⋅(Ac)⋅H<sub>2</sub> O (3) (H<sub>2</sub> L<sub>1</sub> =2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine and H<sub>2</sub> L<sub>2</sub> =2,6-di-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine). They are all characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural analysis shows that the structures of complexes 1 and 2 are similar. They are constructed from one metal (Co, Ni) atom and two 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine ligands (HL<sub>1</sub> <sup>-</sup> ); the HL<sub>1</sub> <sup>-</sup> ligand is in the tridentate coordination mode with N3 donors. Complex 3 is a trinuclear Ni complex with four 2,6-di-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (H<sub>2</sub> L<sub>2</sub> ) ligands, in which the H<sub>2</sub> L<sub>2</sub> possesses two coordination fashions: terminal tridentate and bridging tetradentate. In addition, the surface photovoltage spectroscopy and photocatalytic activities of complexes 1-3 were investigated in detail. The results reveal that complex 3 possesses higher photocatalytic activity.