gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissecting Oct3/4-Regulated Gene Networks in Embryonic Stem Cells by Expression Profiling (2006)

POU transcription factor Pou5f1 (Oct3/4) is required to maintain ES cells in an undifferentiated state. Here we show that global expression profiling of Oct3/4-manipulated ES cells delineates the downstream target genes of Oct3/4. Combined with data from genome-wide chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, this analysis identifies not only primary downstream targets of Oct3/4, but also secondary or tertiary targets. Furthermore, the analysis also reveals that downstream target genes are regulated either positively or negatively by Oct3/4. Identification of a group of genes that show both activation and repression depending on Oct3/4 expression levels provides a possible mechanism for the requirement of appropriate Oct3/4 expression to maintain undifferentiated ES cells. As a proof-of-principle study, one of the downstream genes, Tcl1, has been analyzed in detail. We show that Oct3/4 binds to the promoter region of Tcl1 and activates its transcription. We also show that Tcl1 is involved in the regulation of proliferation, but not differentiation, in ES cells. These findings suggest that the global expression profiling of gene-manipulated ES cells can help to delineate the structure and dynamics of gene regulatory networks.
Selective Nitrate Binding in Competitive Hydrogen Bonding Solvents: Do Anion–π Interactions Facilitate Nitrate Selectivity? (2013)

New tripodal urea receptors demonstrate preferential binding of anions over competitive hydrogen bonding solvents. 1H NMR titrations in 10 % [D6]DMSO/CDCl3 show a higher affinity for nitrate over the halides for the fluorinated receptor, which is lost when the fluorine atoms are absent. An anion–π interaction between the nitrate and the π-system of the ethynyl-substituted arene is proposed as the source of this selectivity. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A nondegenerate electron beam parametric amplifier (1962)

In a non-degenerate electron beam parametric amplifier (EBPA), signal and idler frequencies are far apart. This contrasts with the more familiar degenerate type which uses a pump frequency approximately equal to twice the signal frequency, thus placing the idler near the signal. The non-degenerate EBPA shares with its better-known degenerate counterpart some desirable properties, such as unilateral amplification and the ability to take high overload; in addition, it is a single-channel device. On the other hand, it is more difficult to construct.
Epalrestat: An Aldose Reductase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy (2008)

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common long-term complications in patients with diabetes mellitus, with a prevalence of 60-70% in the United States. Treatment options include antidepressants, anticonvulsants, tramadol, and capsaicin. These agents are modestly effective for symptomatic relief, but they do not affect the underlying pathology nor do they slow progression of the disease. Epalrestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor that is approved in Japan for the improvement of subjective neuropathy symptoms, abnormality of vibration sense, and abnormal changes in heart beat associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Unlike the current treatment options for diabetic neuropathy, epalrestat may affect or delay progression of the underlying disease process. Data from experimental studies indicate that epalrestat reduces sorbitol accumulation in the sciatic nerve, erythrocytes, and ocular tissues in animals, and in erythrocytes in humans. Data from six clinical trials were evaluated, and it was determined that epalrestat 50 mg 3 times/day may improve motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity and subjective neuropathy symptoms as compared with baseline and placebo. Epalrestat is well tolerated, and the most frequently reported adverse effects include elevations in liver enzyme levels and gastrointestinal-related events such as nausea and vomiting. Epalrestat may serve as a new therapeutic option to prevent or slow the progression of diabetic neuropathy. Long-term, comparative studies in diverse patient populations are needed for clinical application.
An improvement of reservation code multiple access for integrated voice/data spread-spectrum system (1999)

For local wireless communication, the reservation code multiple access (RCMA) protocol has been proposed as a promising MAC protocol. However, heavy collisions make more packet dropping in the heavy load condition in RCMA because RCMA uses the data packet itself to make a channel reservation, which is inefficient in that each unsuccessful reservation wastes one code. A new method, improved reservation code multiple access (IRCMA) based on the dynamic reservation spread code for an integrated voice and data spread-spectrum system is proposed in this paper. IRCMA splits the slot into several minislots if any code is an available one. This scatters users to contend available codes at different times. It reduces user access collisions and improves system performance according to computer simulation results.
Cystic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: induction, development, and the role of RpoS. (2002)

It has been demonstrated recently that cells of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, transform from mobile spirochetes into nonmotile cystic forms in the presence of certain unfavourable conditions, and that cystic forms are able to reconvert to vegetative spirochetes in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetics of conversion of borreliae to cysts in different stress conditions such as starvation media or the presence of different antibiotics. Using the same experimental conditions we also investigated the possible role in cyst formation of RpoS, an alternative sigma factor that controls a regulon in response to starvation and transition to stationary phase. We observed that beta-lactams penicillin G and ceftriaxone, the antibiotics of choice in Lyme borreliosis treatment, favoured the production of cysts when used with serum-depleted BSK medium. In contrast, we observed a low level of cyst formation in the presence of macrolides and tetracyclines. In order to elucidate the role of the rpoS gene in cyst formation we analyzed the reaction of the rpoS mutant strain in comparison with its wild-type in different conditions. Under the same stimuli, both the wild-type borrelia and the rpoS knock-out isogenic strain produced cystic forms with similar kinetics, thus excluding the participation of the gene in this phenomenon. Our findings suggest that cyst formation is mainly due to a physical-chemical rearrangement of the outer membrane of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato leading to membrane fusion and controlled by different regulation mechanisms.
Low voltage area efficient current-mode CMOS bandgap reference in deep submicron technology (2014)

We report on the design of a low voltage area efficient current-mode CMOS bandgap reference implemented in 130 nm technology. The conventional voltage-mode and current-mode bandgap reference architectures with their properties and performance limiting factors are described. Due to the low supply voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> requirement the current-mode architecture was chosen. The simulated power dissipation P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">diss</sub> = 150 μW at the nominal supply voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> = 1.2 V. As a result of Monte-Carlo analysis the average output reference current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</sub> ≈ 1 μA and its standard deviation σ = 11 nA are obtained. The reference current changes ΔI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</sub> = 8 nA over the temperature range from 0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C up to 100 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C. The reference current changes ΔI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> = 4 nA for the supply voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> within the range from 1 V up to 1.5 V. The silicon chip area occupation is 0.07 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Membrane biogenesis : processing and recycling (1983)

(Section Headings): Specialized Methods. Importance of Glycosylation and Trimming Targeting. Exocytosis. Internalization of Plasma Membrane Components during Absorptive Endocytosis: Receptor-Mediated Uptake Coated Vesicles. Recycling of Plasma Membrane Proteins. Transcellular Transport. Plasma Membrane Differentiation. Transfer of Phospholipids between Membranes. Addendum. Author Index. Subject Index.
Microprocessor implementation of an LPC-based isolated word recognizer (2005)

A digital-based isolated word recognition system has been implemented in a module of dedicated hardware that uses a microprocessor and programmable digital signal processing circuitry. The recognizer is based upon the minimum prediction residual principle of Itakura. The recognition algorithm has been developed and tested on a general-purpose minicomputer and array processor, where it has been shown to be suitable for several recognition tasks. The recognition hardware consists of an Intel 8086 16-bit microprocessor operating in parallel with a digital speech processing peripheral (DSPP) tailored to the algorithm. The microprocessor performs the supervisory and decision operations; the DSPP performs the 200,000T + 4,500N multiply-add operations (and associated data transfers) associated with the recognition of a word of duration T sec from an N word vocabulary with 1 template per word. The recognizer is compact (board area of 250 sq. in.) and inexpensive (commercial component cost of about $1200 for 40 word templates).
Ontologies and Bigram-based approach for Isolated Non-word Errors Correction in OCR System (2015)

In this paper, we describe a new and original approach for post-processing step in an OCR system. This approach is based on new method of spelling correction to correct automatically misspelled words resulting from a character recognition step of scanned documents by combining both ontologies and bigram code in order to create a robust system able to solve automatically the anomalies of classical approaches. The proposed approach is based on a hybrid method which is spread over two stages, first one is character recognition by using the ontological model and the second one is word recognition based on spelling correction approach based on bigram codification for detection and correction of errors. The spelling error is broadly classified in two categories namely non-word error and real-word error. In this paper, we interested only on detection and correction of non-word errors because this is the only type of errors treated by an OCR. In addition, the use of an online external resource such as WordNet proves necessary to improve its performances.
For the Good of the Grid (2008)

The existing electricity infrastructure evolved to its technology composition today from the convolution of several major forces, only one of which was technologically based. Today opportunities and challenges persist in world-wide electric power networks, including reducing transmission congestion, increasing system/cyber security, and increasing overall system and end-use efficiency while maintaining reliability. And many other challenges engage those who plan for the future of the power grid: producing power in a sustainable manner (embracing renewable fuels while accounting for their scalability limitations; e.g., increased use of land and natural resources to produce higher renewable electricity will not be sustainable, and lowering emissions from existing generators), delivering electricity to those who don't have it (not just on the basis of fairness but also because electricity is the most efficient form of energy, especially for things like lighting), using electricity more wisely as a tool of economic development, and pondering the possible revival of advanced nuclear reactor construction.
Traveltime Calculation in 3D TTI Media by the Fast Marching Method (2006)

I developed an efficient, stable, and accurate algorithm to calculate first arrival traveltimes in 3D transverse isotropic media having tilted symmetry axis (TTI). This algorithm is based on a fast marching scheme to solve the eikonal equation using a higher order finite difference (FD) method generally used to calculate first arrival traveltimes in 3D isotropic media. Numerical examples demonstrate that the newly developed algorithm is able to construct accurate first arrival traveltimes in any complicated 3D TTI model that contains a large velocity gradient and an arbitrary orientation of its axis of symmetry. This algorithm can be applied to 3D Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration and anisotropic parameter inversion in 3D TTI media.
Vehicle routing problems in which consistency considerations are important: A survey (2014)

An increasing number of companies focus on customer satisfaction to increase the lifetime value of each customer. In vehicle routing, customer satisfaction is often a result of consistent service. Customers appreciate service at regular times of the day provided by the same driver each time. Additionally, drivers become more familiar with their tasks if they visit the same customers and service regions repeatedly. In this article, we survey literature that addresses service consistency in vehicle routing. We present early solution approaches, starting from the 1970s, that focus on reducing the operational complexity resulting from planning and executing new routes each day. One side benefit of these approaches is service consistency; therefore, many recent solution approaches devised for improving customer satisfaction are based on previous achievements. We classify the literature according to three consistency features: arrival time consistency, person-oriented consistency, and delivery consistency. For each feature, we survey different modeling concepts and measurements, demonstrate solution approaches, and examine the increase in cost of improving service consistency. We close the article by presenting challenging ideas for future research.
Azimuthal Residual Velocity Analysis in Offset Vector for WAZ Imaging (2009)

This paper presents a method for azimuthal residual velocity analysis in a context of wide azimuth acquisition geometry. The post-migration 3D analysis takes full advantage of the offset vector binning concept which preserves the offset and azimuth inform
Wollaston prism-like devices based on blazed dielectric subwavelength gratings (2005)

A Wollaston prism-like binary dielectric grating is presented and analyzed. It behaves like a transmission grating, differentially and symmetrically blazed for the two crossed polarization states, TE and TM. The phase profile is obtained by means of subwavelength structures etched in a high optical index isotropic dielectric medium (gallium arsenide, for instance). The performance of the device is illustrated by numerical examples and sketched in terms of spectral bandwidth and of extinction ratio. Some practical issues related to the fabrication are discussed.
Emerging Value Propositions For M-Commerce (1970)

The proliferation of mobile Internet devices is creating an unparalleled opportunityfor e-commerce to leverage the benefits of mobility. Mobile e-commerce,commonly referred to as m-commerce, is the ability to purchase goods anywherethrough a wireless Internet-enabled device. Current e-commerce providers, engagedthrough mobile devices, will find advantage in developing unique m-commercevalue propositions founded upon the specific dimensions of ubiquity, convenience,localization, and personalization. A consumer orientation that provides value-fortimefunctions to create a new value curve may achieve a competitive advantageover traditional e-commerce models replicated for mobile business. Therefore, thispaper investigates the value propositions, that engender a productive mobile e-commercestrategy to provide recommendations for managerial decision-making in thisemerging wireless environment.
Silicone Breast Implants and Immune Disease (1992)

Silicone was originally regarded as inert in the human body. Silicone medical devices have been associated with various complications that may involve an immune reaction to silicone or a silicone organic complex. There have been more than 80 cases reported in the medical literature of a varied systemic autoimmune illness in patients who have had various foreign materials placed in the breast. Controversy exists as to which complications have a cause and effect relationship, and which represent coincidental findings. It is difficult to distinguish between nonspecific local reactions and reactions that have an immunological basis. Approximately 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 women in the United States have had silicone breast implants inserted for reconstruction or augmentation mammaplasty; 28 of those patients have been reported to have developed a systemic autoimmune disease. Data on the 28 reported cases do not in any way prove a causal relationship between breast implants and immune disease. Given the natural incidence of autoimmune diseases, we would expect a coincidental occurrence in the United States of more than 1,000 cases of autoimmune disease in women who had undergone breast implant surgery. Additional information must be obtained to resolve the question. The true incidence of autoimmune disease in patients with implants needs to be determined. A prospective registry of implant patients should be established and comprehensive retrospective information obtained on the implant patient population. Further experimental work is necessary on the bioreactivity of silicone. Patients with implants and autoimmune disease, once identified, must be carefully evaluated by physicians who are experienced in the treatment of autoimmune disease.
Mineral fibers, cigarette smoke, and oxidative DNA damage : An experimental study (1992)

This study concerns the ability of mineral fibers and cigarette smoke to generate reactive oxygen metabolites and to cause damage to DNA. The generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH) was demonstrated ...
An Improved Method of Making Permanent Electrets and Factors Which Affect Their Behavior (1939)

A method is described for making strong, smooth, and uniform electrets. The study concerns both the mixing of the carnauba wax and rosin of which the electret is made, and the manner of cooling in the electric field. The electret was cooled in a heavy iron cylinder placed in an oil bath whose rate of cooling was controlled automatically. Electrets were made for which the time of cooling ranged from 30 minutes to 10 days. Observations made on some 35 electrets seem to justify the following conclusions: (1) Electret behavior depends markedly upon details of preparation of the carnauba wax-rosin mixture. The time required for reversal of the electret's charge is increased by mechanical mixing of the components, by heating to a high temperature for a short time, or by heating to a somewhat lower temperature for a longer time. (2) Extending the cooling time in the electric field beyond a day produces little effect. Below this there exists a range of cooling times vital to the behavior of the electret. Those cooled in the open air in the customary manner reverse sign in a shorter time than do those cooled within the cylinder. X-ray photographs show a structural difference between these. (3) Alignment of crystals, as judged from x-ray studies, has little to do with the final charge density attained by the electret. Many samples which are electrets show no alignment. (4) The behavior of the carnauba wax-rosin electret is that of carnauba wax physically modified by the presence of the rosin.
Expression and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c-551 and two site-directed mutants: role of tryptophan 56 in the modulation of redox properties (1997)

The gene coding for Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c-551 was expressed in Pseudomonas putida under aerobic conditions, using two different expression vectors; the more efficient proved to be pNM185, induced by m-toluate. Mature holo-(cytochrome c-551) was produced in high yield by this expression system, and was purified to homogeneity. Comparison of the recombinant wild-type protein with that purified from Ps. aeruginosa showed no differences in structural and functional properties. Trp56, an internal residue in cytochrome c-551, is located at hydrogen-bonding distance from haem propionate-17, together with Arg47. Ionization of propionate-17 was related to the observed pH-dependence of redox potential. The role of Trp56 in determining the redox properties of Ps. aeruginosa cytochrome c-551 was assessed by site-directed mutagenesis, by substitution with Tyr (W56Y) and Phe (W56F). The W56Y mutant is similar to the wild-type cytochrome. On the other hand, the W56F mutant, although similar to the wild-type protein in spectral properties and electron donation to azurin, is characterized by a weakening of the Fe-Met61 bond, as shown in the oxidized protein by the loss of the 695 nm band approx. 2 pH units below the wild-type. Moreover, in W56F, the midpoint potential and its pH-dependence are both different from the wild-type. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hydrogen-bonding to haem propionate-17 is important in modulation of the redox properties of Ps. aeruginosa cytochrome c-551.
Automated processing of massive audio/video content using FFmpeg (2014)

Audio and video content forms an integral, important and expanding part of the digital collections in libraries and archives world-wide. While these memory institutions are familiar and well-versed in the management of more conventional materials such as books, periodicals, ephemera and images, the handling of audio (e.g., oral history recordings) and video content (e.g., audio-visual recordings, broadcast content) requires additional toolkits. In particular, a robust and comprehensive tool that provides a programmable interface is indispensable when dealing with tens of thousands of hours of audio and video content. FFmpeg is comprehensive and well-established open source software that is capable of the full-range of audio/video processing tasks (such as encode, decode, transcode, mux, demux, stream and filter). It is also capable of handling a wide-range of audio and video formats, a unique challenge in memory institutions. It comes with a command line interface, as well as a set of developer libraries that can be incorporated into applications.