gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Voltage-Dependent Charge Displacement of Shaker B-IR K+ Ion Channels Using Radio Frequency Interrogation (2011)

Here we introduce a new technique that probes voltage-dependent charge displacements of excitable membrane-bound proteins using extracellularly applied radio frequency (RF, 500 kHz) electric fields. Xenopus oocytes were used as a model cell for these experiments, and were injected with cRNA encoding Shaker B-IR (ShB-IR) K(+) ion channels to express large densities of this protein in the oocyte membranes. Two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) was applied to command whole-cell membrane potential and to measure channel-dependent membrane currents. Simultaneously, RF electric fields were applied to perturb the membrane potential about the TEVC level and to measure voltage-dependent RF displacement currents. ShB-IR expressing oocytes showed significantly larger changes in RF displacement currents upon membrane depolarization than control oocytes. Voltage-dependent changes in RF displacement currents further increased in ShB-IR expressing oocytes after ∼120 µM Cu(2+) addition to the external bath. Cu(2+) is known to bind to the ShB-IR ion channel and inhibit Shaker K(+) conductance, indicating that changes in the RF displacement current reported here were associated with RF vibration of the Cu(2+)-linked mobile domain of the ShB-IR protein. Results demonstrate the use of extracellular RF electrodes to interrogate voltage-dependent movement of charged mobile protein domains--capabilities that might enable detection of small changes in charge distribution associated with integral membrane protein conformation and/or drug-protein interactions.
Haplotyping for linkage disequilibrium mapping (2006)

The underlying idea of Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) mapping is that genotyped loci can act as a proxy for ungenotyped loci within haplotypes. Consequently LD mapping can exploit recombinations that occurred in ancestors of the sampled population. LD mapping may use haplotypes directly, or indirectly by using identity by descent (IBD) matrices. Haplotypes - sets of linked alleles segregating together - are essential for LD mapping. It is possible to determine haplotypes using molecular techniques to sequence small sections (a few kilobases) of chromosomes (Tost et al., 2002, Mitra et al., 2003) and also for complete chromosomes using a process called conversion (Douglas et al., 2001). Conversion transforms diploid cells to haploid cells by constructing somatic cell hybrids, some of which end up with single copies of some chromosomes. These can be identified using a small number of markers and genotyped to produce accurate haplotypes for whole genomes. However, these methods are expensive and unlikely to find wide use. Large quantities of genotypic information, in the form of dense bi-allelic genotypes (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNP), are becoming available to researchers. These data come as unordered (phase-unknown) genotypes so that the parental source of each allele is unknown. The process of haplotyping is to reconstruct gametes from diploid genotypes and can also be seen as ordering genotypes.
FENCLOFENAC AND DICLOFENAC IN THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (1984)

A six-month single-blind, randomized parallel group study comparing the effects of fenclofenac and diclofenac in 63 patients with rheumatoid arthritis is described. Both treatments produced improvements in clinical measurements, with a significant between-treatment effect in favour of fenclofenac for overall pain, night pain and duration of morning stiffness. Both treatments produced a decrease in IgM and the fenclofenac group produced decreases in plasma viscosity and ESR, the latter showing a significant between-treatment effect in favour of fenclofenac. No clinically significant changes in routine haematology and biochemistry were noted. Unwanted effects leading to withdrawal of therapy were reported by five patients in the fenclofenac group and three patients in the diclofenac group. Two patients in the fenclofenac group and one in the diclofenac group were withdrawn for reasons unrelated to therapy. In the diclofenac group two and four patients were withdrawn for clinical deterioration and inadequate effect respectively.
Luck money (1903)

Journal Article Luck money Get access John T. Page John T. Page 1West Haddon, Northamptonshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-XI, Issue 271, 7 March 1903, Page 196, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-XI.271.196c Published: 07 March 1903
Pediatric CT: Strategies to Lower Radiation Dose (2013)

The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the recent literature regarding CT dose reduction methods, their limitations, and an outlook on future developments with a focus on the pediatric population. The discussion will initially focus on general considerations that lead to radiation dose reduction, followed by specific technical features that influence the radiation dose.
Prevalence and Timing of Individual Cochlear Implant Electrode Failures (2010)

Open and short circuits are routinely encountered. They can be managed by deactivating the affected electrode(s), and conventional wisdom states that this has little impact on performance. However, it is true that multiple failures are often associated with decreased performance and often lead to revision surgery. Certainly, every patient would prefer to have a fully functional device. Continued reporting of individual electrode circuit failures is critical to product development and improving overall device reliability.
Generation of physical random number using frequency-modulated LC oscillation circuit with shot noise (2005)

The authors previously published a physical method for the generation of random numbers by a variable capacitance parametron, which can generate uniform random numbers without periodicity. It is considered possible to generate random numbers with an ordinary oscillator if the oscillation frequency is made unstable. As a method of introducing instability, frequency modulation of an LC oscillator with shot noise is considered. The present paper describes experiments with an LC oscillator to which shot noise is applied. An evaluation of statistical randomness (FIPS140-2) is carried out for the generated number sequence as cryptographic random numbers. It is shown that generation of random numbers is possible. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(5): 12–19, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20149
HPLC Determination of Thiopurine Nucleosides and Nucleotides in Vivo in Lymphoblasts following Mercaptopurine Therapy (2002)

This method is suitable for measurement of thiopurine metabolite concentrations in lymphoblasts in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following a single dose of intravenous mercaptopurine.
Comparing Lean Burn and EGR (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Lean burn and EGR are two commonly used technologies for improving fuel consumption and controlling emissions. Each has advantages and disadvantages when applied to an engine and, qualitatively at least, these effects are well known. To meet future emissions and fuel consumption constraints, most production engines are likely to use one or the other. This paper describes testing undertaken to quantify the opportunities that each strategy offers on a production engine.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The engine used in this test program was a modern, four valve per cylinder l-4, with high charge activity features including one high swirl port per pair and one straight port with a deactivation plate. This engine is designed to operate with mixtures as lean as 24:1 during normal operation. It was tested at a number of part load operating conditions typical of an emissions drive-cycle over a range of air-fuel ratios. The engine was then fitted with an EGR system and re-tested at the same speed-load conditions, operating with a stoichiometric strategy and varying quantities of EGR.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Results are presented which directly compare the tradeoff between emissions, fuel economy and combustion stability for the two systems. They show that this engine could tolerate at least 25% EGR at most operating conditions, achieving a 90-95% reduction in NOx compared with stoichiometric operation whilst maintaining reasonable control of HC and good combustion stability. Lean burn on the other hand achieved more moderate NOx control and had poorer combustion stability and HC emissions. However, using lean running, the best possible specific fuel consumption was between 3 and 10% lower than what could be realised using EGR.</div>
Structural Study of Epitaxial BaTiO<sub>3</sub>Crystals (1992)

Epitaxial crystals of BaTiO 3 with the thicknesses of 67 Å, 230 Å, 600 Å and 1500 Å were grown on SrTiO 3 substrates by activated reactive evaporation. The tetragonality of the crystal decreases with increasing thickness and remains in the temperature range of 15 K to 670 K. The epitaxial effect is discussed in terms of a critical thickness, as well as of a surface layer of fine particles.
Church and State in the United States: A Summary of the Legal Issues (1964)

Church and State in the United States: A Summary of the Legal Issues Get access Stephen R. Mitchell Stephen R. Mitchell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 6, Issue 1, Winter 1964, Pages 15–35, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/6.1.15 Published: 01 January 1964
MPSoCs run-time monitoring through Networks-on-Chip (2009)

Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) have appeared as design strategy to overcome the limitations, in terms of scalability, efficiency, and power consumption of current buses. In this paper, we discuss the idea of using NoCs to monitor system behaviour at run-time by tracing activities at initiators and targets. Main goal of the monitoring system is to retrieve information useful for run-time optimization and resources allocation in adaptive systems. Information detected by probes embedded within NIs is sent to a central unit, in charge of collecting and elaborating the data. We detail the design of the basic blocks and analyse the overhead associated with the ASIC implementation of the monitoring system, as well as discussing implications in terms of the additional traffic generated in the NoC.
SYNTHESIS OF 6-AMINO-6-DEOXY-2,3,4,5- TETRA-O-METHYL-D-GALACTONIC ACID, A KEY PRECURSOR OF A STEREOREGULAR POLYAMIDE1 (2001)

The title compound (17) was synthesized by two alternative sequences, starting from D-galactose diacetonide (1) and from methyl 6-O-tosyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (9). Compound 1 was converted into the 6-bromo-6-deoxy derivative 2 or mesylated to 3. Nucleophilic substitution of the leaving group in 2 and 3 by sodium azide led to the 6-azido-6-deoxy derivative 4, which on treatment with methanol under acidic conditions afforded a mixture of the corresponding methyl β-furanoside (5) and α-pyranoside (6). Methylation of the free hydroxyl groups of 5 and 6 gave the respective per-O-methyl derivatives 7 and 8. In order to maintain the size of the sugar ring during the sequence, compound 8 was alternatively prepared from 9, by acetylation, substitution by azide and per-O-methylation. Hydrolysis of the glycoside followed by oxidation and further 5-O-methylation afforded the 6-azido-6-deoxy carboxylic acid 16 which was converted into 17 (38% overall yield from 9) by hydrogenolysis of the azide function.
Varespladib (LY315920) Appears to Be a Potent, Broad-Spectrum, Inhibitor of Snake Venom Phospholipase A2 and a Possible Pre-Referral Treatment for Envenomation (2016)

Snakebite remains a neglected medical problem of the developing world with up to 125,000 deaths each year despite more than a century of calls to improve snakebite prevention and care. An estimated 75% of fatalities from snakebite occur outside the hospital setting. Because phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity is an important component of venom toxicity, we sought candidate PLA2 inhibitors by directly testing drugs. Surprisingly, varespladib and its orally bioavailable prodrug, methyl-varespladib showed high-level secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) inhibition at nanomolar and picomolar concentrations against 28 medically important snake venoms from six continents. In vivo proof-of-concept studies with varespladib had striking survival benefit against lethal doses of Micrurus fulvius and Vipera berus venom, and suppressed venom-induced sPLA2 activity in rats challenged with 100% lethal doses of M. fulvius venom. Rapid development and deployment of a broad-spectrum PLA2 inhibitor alone or in combination with other small molecule inhibitors of snake toxins (e.g., metalloproteases) could fill the critical therapeutic gap spanning pre-referral and hospital setting. Lower barriers for clinical testing of safety tested, repurposed small molecule therapeutics are a potentially economical and effective path forward to fill the pre-referral gap in the setting of snakebite.
Theory of Linear and Integer Programming (2000)

Introduction and Preliminaries. Problems, Algorithms, and Complexity. LINEAR ALGEBRA. Linear Algebra and Complexity. LATTICES AND LINEAR DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONS. Theory of Lattices and Linear Diophantine Equations. Algorithms for Linear Diophantine Equations. Diophantine Approximation and Basis Reduction. POLYHEDRA, LINEAR INEQUALITIES, AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING. Fundamental Concepts and Results on Polyhedra, Linear Inequalities, and Linear Programming. The Structure of Polyhedra. Polarity, and Blocking and Anti--Blocking Polyhedra. Sizes and the Theoretical Complexity of Linear Inequalities and Linear Programming. The Simplex Method. Primal--Dual, Elimination, and Relaxation Methods. Khachiyana s Method for Linear Programming. The Ellipsoid Method for Polyhedra More Generally. Further Polynomiality Results in Linear Programming. INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING. Introduction to Integer Linear Programming. Estimates in Integer Linear Programming. The Complexity of Integer Linear Programming. Totally Unimodular Matrices: Fundamental Properties and Examples. Recognizing Total Unimodularity. Further Theory Related to Total Unimodularity. Integral Polyhedra and Total Dual Integrality. Cutting Planes. Further Methods in Integer Linear Programming. References. Indexes.
OrthoZoom scroller (2006)

This article introduces the OrthoZoom Scroller, a novel interaction technique that improves target acquisition in very large one-dimensional spaces. The OrthoZoom Scroller requires only a mouse to perform panning and zooming in a 1D space. Panning is performed along the slider dimension while zooming is performed along the orthogonal one. We present a controlled experiment showing that the OrthoZoom Scroller is about twice as fast as Speed Dependant Automatic Zooming to perform pointing tasks whose index of difficulty is in the 10-30 bits range. We also present an application to browse large textual documents with the OrthoZoom Scroller that uses semantic zooming and snapping on the structure.
Probiotic strain<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>299v increases iron absorption from an iron-supplemented fruit drink: a double-isotope cross-over single-blind study in women of reproductive age (2015)

Iron deficiency is common, especially among young women. Adding probiotics to foods could be one way to increase iron absorption. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that non-haem iron absorption from a fruit drink is improved by adding Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v). Iron absorption was studied in healthy women of reproductive age using a single-blind cross-over design in two trials applying the double-isotope (55Fe and 59Fe) technique. In Trial 1, iron absorption from a fruit drink containing 109 colony-forming units (CFU) Lp299v was compared with that from a control drink without Lp299v. Trial 2 had the same design but 1010 CFU were used. The test and control drinks contained approximately 5 mg of iron as ferrous lactate and were labelled with 59Fe (B) and 55Fe (A), respectively, and consumed on 4 consecutive days in the order AABB. Retention of the isotopes was measured with whole-body counting and in blood. Mean iron absorption from the drink containing 109 CFU Lp299v (28·6(sd 12·5) %) was significantly higher than from the control drink (18·5(sd 5·8) %), n 10, P<0·028). The fruit drink with 1010 CFU Lp299v gave a mean iron absorption of 29·1(sd 17·0) %, whereas the control drink gave an absorption of (20·1(sd 6·4) %) (n 11, P<0·080). The difference in iron absorption between the 109 CFU Lp299v and the 1010 CFU Lp299v drinks was not significant (P=0·941). In conclusion, intake of probiotics can increase iron absorption by approximately 50 % from a fruit drink having an already relatively high iron bioavailability.
Dual-Band Multiple Beam Antenna System for Satellite Communications (2005)

This paper presents a dual-band antenna system that is suitable for satellite communications at K/Ka-band frequencies. It employs a minimum number of reflectors, each being fed with multiple feed horns. It is shown that the MBA performance in terms of coverage gain and co-polar isolation can be significantly improved by using optimal designs for the feed horn and the reflector. The performance results of this MBA are compared with conventional designs and the trade-offs are discussed.
Hybrid Floating Gate Cell for Sub-20-nm NAND Flash Memory Technology (2012)

The hybrid floating gate (FG) concept, previously demonstrated in FG capacitors, has been proven in fully integrated stacked memory cells. Results not only confirm the high potential of the concept in terms of improved program performance, but also show excellent data retention and program/erase cycling endurance. Key for achieving this result has been the optimization of the sidewall and spacer processing. Hybrid FG cells are therefore a viable solution to extend the nand Flash memory roadmap below the 20-nm technology node.
The chemistry of Alzheimer’s disease (2009)

The chemistry of Alzheimer's disease is largely centred on the amyloid beta-peptide, its formation, structure, and interactions with metals, membranes, proteins and other species. This critical review summarizes the current state of knowledge (252 references).
Access all areas (1999)

A key architect involved in the creation of the lauded National electronic Library for Health, the author outlines the thinking behind the project and the pivotal role it will play in the Government's modernisation drive.
pH influence of surfactant-induced skin irritation. A non-invasive, multiparametric study with sodium laurylsulfate. (1989)

Even though various experimental methods have been proposed for in vitro testing of detergents such as LSL (sodium laurylsulfate) no absolutely relevant clinical information can be inferred from them as to the irritancy of a given compound. In particular the relative importance of pH needs further assessment. This study reports on in vivo evaluation of skin function changes under given experimental conditions with SLS applied at 3 different pH values. There is a dramatic increase of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), i.e. a substantial reduction in the barrier function of the skin, when SLS is applied under occlusion for 48 H. The alkaline control solution (NaOH pH 9) induced low-grade, but significant TEWL increases, as compared to the other controls (distilled water pH 7; HCl pH 5), which had no influence on TEWL. The changes obtained with the controls were much lower than those observed with SLS. The barrier-function changes induced by the surfactant SLS could, however, promote transepidermal passage of acid and/or alkaline molecules, hence increasing toxic damage of the skin; yet no such effects could be observed, indicating that the main effects are due to detergency. Assessment of cutaneous blood flow values (CBFV) by laser Doppler velocimetry showed increased values after SLS. When pH-adjusted SLS solutions were compared, there was neither a difference in relation to pH nor did the control solutions induce any significant CBFV change. This study reveals that TEWL and CBFV are probably the most reliable methods to investigate acute irritancy by SLS. Accordingly, pH cannot be considered as a major contributive factor of irritancy when SLS solutions are applied under occlusion (48 h).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sympathovagal interaction during mental stress. A study using spectral analysis of heart rate variability in healthy control subjects and patients with a prior myocardial infarction. (1991)

We tested the hypothesis that psychological stress testing in the clinical laboratory provokes changes in the sympathetic and vagal activities regulating heart rate that can be assessed noninvasively using spectral analysis of RR variability. To account for the effects on respiration produced by talking, this study was performed with two different procedures: the I.K.T. (i.e., a computer-controlled mental task that is performed in silence and does not entail human confrontation) and a stressful interview. Finally, we assessed whether ischemic heart disease modifies the spectral changes induced by psychological stress by comparing a group of healthy subjects (age, 38 +/- 2 years) with a group of patients (age, 52 +/- 3 years) recovering from 1-month-old myocardial infarctions. The findings indicate that psychological stress induced marked changes in the sympathovagal balance, which moved toward sympathetic predominance. The low-frequency component of RR variability, a marker of sympathetic activity, increased from 58 +/- 5 normalized units (NU) to 68 +/- 3 NU with the I.K.T. and to 76 +/- 3 NU with the interview. This increase was absent in the group of post-myocardial infarction patients. However, arterial pressure increased significantly in both groups of subjects. The possibility of age playing an important role in determining the differences observed was disproved by the findings of a marked increase in low frequency with mental stimuli in an additional group of borderline hypertensive subjects with ages (55 +/- 2 years) comparable to those of post-myocardial infarction patients.
Federated User Representation Learning (2019)

Collaborative personalization, such as through learned user representations (embeddings), can improve the prediction accuracy of neural-network-based models significantly. We propose Federated User Representation Learning (FURL), a simple, scalable, privacy-preserving and resource-efficient way to utilize existing neural personalization techniques in the Federated Learning (FL) setting. FURL divides model parameters into federated and private parameters. Private parameters, such as private user embeddings, are trained locally, but unlike federated parameters, they are not transferred to or averaged on the server. We show theoretically that this parameter split does not affect training for most model personalization approaches. Storing user embeddings locally not only preserves user privacy, but also improves memory locality of personalization compared to on-server training. We evaluate FURL on two datasets, demonstrating a significant improvement in model quality with 8% and 51% performance increases, and approximately the same level of performance as centralized training with only 0% and 4% reductions. Furthermore, we show that user embeddings learned in FL and the centralized setting have a very similar structure, indicating that FURL can learn collaboratively through the shared parameters while preserving user privacy.
Chitosan nanoparticle-based neuronal membrane sealing and neuroprotection following acrolein-induced cell injury (2010)

We evaluated the utility of chitosan nanoparticles with an in-vitro model of acrolein-mediated cell injury using PC -12 cells. The particles effectively, and statistically, reduced damage to membrane integrity, secondary oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. This study suggests that a chitosan nanoparticle-based therapy to interfere with "secondary" injury may be possible.