gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Study of gamma-ray detector performance of Cd<formula><inf><roman>1-x</roman></inf></formula>Zn<formula><inf><roman>x</roman></inf></formula>Te crystal treated by different etchants</title> (1996)

Radiation detectors have been fabricated from Cd<SUB>1-x</SUB>Zn<SUB>x</SUB>Te crystals and their performance has been studied with respect their Cd<SUB>1-x</SUB>Zn<SUB>x</SUB>Te surface preparation. Energy resolution, leakage current, resistivity, ohmicity as well as surface roughness of the detectors were measured and compared for various chemical treatments. Etching in lactic acid has been found to lead to better ohmic contract, a rougher surface and higher leakage current. Bromine is effective in removing the damaged layer and when added to 20 percent lactic acid in ethylene glycol leads to a lower leakage current and consequently a better energy resolution. The best detector performance was obtained with a two step treatment consisting of a standard etchant (5 percent Br in methanol) followed by 2 percent Br in'20 percent lactic acid in ethylene glycol'. The results clearly demonstrate the important of surface chemical treatments in the fabrication of Cd<SUB>1-x</SUB>Zn<SUB>x</SUB>Te radiation detectors.
CETP inhibitors and cardiovascular disease: Time to think again (2014)

Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) lowers plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, suggesting it might prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). From the outset, however, the concept has been controversial owing to uncertainty about its effects on HDL function and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Although there has long been good evidence that CETP inhibition reduces atherosclerosis in rabbits, the first information on CETP as a CVD risk factor in a prospectively followed cohort was not published until after the first Phase 3 trial of a CETP inhibitor had begun. The worrying finding that CVD incidence was related inversely to plasma CETP has since been reproduced in each of five further prospective cohort studies. Similar results were obtained in subjects on or off statin therapy, for first and second CVD events, and for mortality as well as CVD morbidity. Additionally, two recent studies have found alleles of the CETP gene that lower hepatic CETP secretion to be associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Meanwhile, CETP gene transfer in mice was found to increase RCT from peripheral macrophages in vivo, and human plasma with high CETP activity was shown to have a greater capacity to remove cholesterol from cultured cells than plasma with low activity. This mounting evidence for a protective function of CETP has been given remarkably little attention, and indeed was not mentioned in several recent reviews. It appears to show that CETP inhibition does not test the HDL hypothesis as originally hoped, and raises a pressing ethical issue regarding two Phase 3 trials of inhibitors, involving more than forty thousand subjects, which are currently in progress. As the weight of evidence now clearly supports an adverse effect of CETP inhibition on CVD, an urgent review is needed to determine if these trials should be discontinued.
A Josephson vortex-flow device (1981)

An inverting, nonlatching switching device capable of analog as well as digital signal amplification is investigated experimentally and theoretically (numerical simulations). The device reported is based on the dynamic properties of long Josephson junctions. It is shown that current gain of the order of 5 can be achieved in a 2.5-μm technology, for small resistive loads of the order of 0.5 Ω.
Windows Mobile Game Development (2010)

This book will provide you with a comprehensive guide to developing games for both the Windows Mobile platform and the Windows Phone using the industry standard programming languages C# and VB .NET. Y
Election of Chapter 7 Trustees under the Bankruptcy Code (1999)

This article offers an analysis of the election of chapter 7 trustees. Part II the prior statutory scheme and the legislative history supporting the present statute. Part III examines the present statute, discussing the statutory requirements for the election of a chapter 7 trustee. Part IV discusses election procedures. The bankruptcy rules mandate a prescribed set of procedures for elections, including procedures for disputing the results of an election. These rules and the cases applying them are discussed in Part IV. In Part V, appellate reviewed is examined. This section analyzes questions such as standing and appealable orders. Finally, in Part VI a proposal is offered to amend portions of the statute and supporting rules.
MSQuant, an Open Source Platform for Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantitative Proteomics (2009)

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics critically depends on algorithms for data interpretation. A current bottleneck in the rapid advance of proteomics technology is the closed nature and slow development cycle of vendor-supplied software solutions. We have created an open source software environment, called MSQuant, which allows visualization and validation of peptide identification results directly on the raw mass spectrometric data. MSQuant iteratively recalibrates MS data thereby significantly increasing mass accuracy leading to fewer false positive peptide identifications. Algorithms to increase data quality include an MS(3) score for peptide identification and a post-translational modification (PTM) score that determines the probability that a modification such as phosphorylation is placed at a specific residue in an identified peptide. MSQuant supports relative protein quantitation based on precursor ion intensities, including element labels (e.g., (15)N), residue labels (e.g., SILAC and ICAT), termini labels (e.g., (18)O), functional group labels (e.g., mTRAQ), and label-free ion intensity approaches. MSQuant is available, including an installer and supporting scripts, at http://msquant.sourceforge.net .
Pathogen reduction of fresh plasma using riboflavin and ultraviolet light: effects on plasma coagulation proteins (2009)

As with other pathogen reduction technologies, the Mirasol process resulted in some loss of coagulation factor activity. For most Mirasol-treated units and for most of the tested factors this is unlikely to have clinical impact, but trials are required to demonstrate this.
A genomewide screen in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> for genes that suppress the accumulation of mutations (2003)

A genomewide screen of a collection of 4,847 yeast gene deletion mutants was carried out to identify the genes required for suppressing mutations in the CAN1 forward-mutation assay. The primary screens and subsequent analysis allowed (i) identification of 18 known mutator mutants, providing a solid means for checking the efficiency of the screen, and (ii) identification of a number of genes not known previously to be involved in suppressing mutations. Among the previously uncharacterized mutation-suppressing genes were six genes of unknown function including four (CSM2, SHU2, SHU1, and YLR376c) encoding proteins that interact with each other and promote resistance to killing by methyl methanesulfonate, one gene (EGL1) previously identified as suppressing Ty1 mobility and recombination between repeated sequences, and one gene (YLR154c) that was not associated with any known processes. In addition, five genes (TSA1, SOD1, LYS7, SKN7, and YAP1) implicated in the oxidative-stress responses were found to play a significant role in mutation suppression. Furthermore, TSA1, which encodes thioredoxin peroxidase, was found to strongly suppress gross chromosomal rearrangements. These results provide a global view of the nonessential genes involved in preventing mutagenesis. Study of such genes should provide useful clues in identification of human genes potentially involved in cancer predisposition and in understanding their mechanisms of action.
Plasma polymerization of random polyaniline–polypyrrole– iodine copolymers (2002)

Abstract This work presents the synthesis by plasma and the characterization of polypyrrole–polyaniline–iodine copolymer thin films. The objective was to study the conditions to randomly copolymerize different and noncombinable monomers to create new copolymers with enhanced selective properties. The study was focused on the influence of the monomer mass ratio r on the structure of the copolymers. The monomer ratio r is important since it represents the contribution of each monomer to the structure and to the properties of the copolymer. The mainstream techniques used to characterize the plasma polymers were infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electric conductivity was studied as a function of the relative humidity. The results indicated that the copolymers with iodine have better conductive properties at lower relative humidity and that the copolymers without iodine are more stable at moderately high temperatures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 263–270, 2002
The Odd One Out: Identifying and Characterising Anomalies (2011)

In many situations there exists an abundance of positive examples, but only a handful of negatives. In this paper we show how in binary or transaction data such rare cases can be identified and characterised. Our approach uses the Minimum Description Length principle to decide whether an instance is drawn from the training distribution or not. By using frequent itemsets to construct this compressor, we can easily and thoroughly characterise the decisions, and explain what changes in an example would lead to a different verdict. Furthermore, we give a technique through which, given only a few negative examples, the decision landscape and optimal boundary can be predicted—making the approach parameter-free. Experimentation on benchmark and real data shows our method provides very high classification accuracy, thorough and insightful characterisation of decisions, predicts the decision landscape reliably, and can pinpoint observation errors. Moreover, a case study on real MCADD data shows we provide an interpretable approach with state-of-the-art performance for screening newborn babies for rare diseases.
Interactive color mosaic and dendrogram displays for signal/noise optimization in microarray data analysis (2003)

Data analysis and visualization is strongly influenced by noise and noise filters. There are multiple sources of "noise" in microarray data analysis, but signal/noise ratios are rarely optimized, or even considered. Here, we report a noise analysis of a novel 13 million oligonucleotide dataset - 25 human U133A (/spl sim/500,000 features) profiles of patient muscle biopsies. We use our recently described interactive visualization tool, the hierarchical clustering explorer (HCE) to systemically address the effect of different noise filters on resolution of arrays into "correct" biological groups (unsupervised clustering into three patient groups of known diagnosis). We varied probe set interpretation methods (MAS 5.0, RMA), "present call" filters, and clustering linkage methods, and investigated the results in HCE. HCE's interactive features enabled us to quickly see the impact of these three variables. Dendrogram displays showed the clustering results systematically, and color mosaic displays provided a visual support for the results. We show that each of these three variables has a strong effect on unsupervised clustering. For this dataset, the strength of the biological variable was maximized, and noise minimized, using MAS 5.0, 10% present call filter, and average group linkage. We propose a general method of using interactive tools to identify the optimal signal/noise balance or the optimal combination of these three variables to maximize the effect of the desired biological variable on data interpretation.
Improved Target Acquisition Rates With Feedback Codes (2018)

This paper considers the problem of acquiring an unknown target location (among a finite number of locations) via a sequence of measurements, where each measurement consists of simultaneously probing a group of locations. The resulting observation consists of a sum of an indicator of the target's presence in the probed region, and a zero mean Gaussian noise term whose variance is a function of the measurement vector. An equivalence between the target acquisition problem and channel coding over a binary input additive white Gaussian noise (BAWGN) channel with state and feedback is established. Utilizing this information theoretic perspective, a two-stage adaptive target search strategy based on the sorted Posterior Matching channel coding strategy is proposed. Furthermore, using information theoretic converses, the fundamental limits on the target acquisition rate for adaptive and non-adaptive strategies are characterized. As a corollary to the non-asymptotic upper bound of the expected number of measurements under the proposed two-stage strategy, and to non-asymptotic lower bound of the expected number of measurements for optimal non-adaptive search strategy, a lower bound on the adaptivity gain is obtained. The adaptivity gain is further investigated in different asymptotic regimes of interest.
GETTING DRIVERS OUT OF A JAM (1999)

This article discusses the rapidly increasing sophistication of in-car telematics systems. One approach is to turn cars on the road into information sources. The Daimler/Chrysler Floating Car Data (FCD) system now being developed gives each vehicle the ability and responsibility to help reduce traffic congestion. Sensors in each car collect relevant data, and radio systems there transmit these data continually. Central traffic databases collect these radio signals, and convert them into updated driver information which is fed back to FCD subscribers. In 1998, Siemens introduced the Detour software system for intelligent avoidance of traffic jams and other causes of delays. In a dialogue with this system, a driver can find alternative routes suitable for his current situation and the system suggests the best route for him to take. In 2000, Siemens will begin to incorporate the Detour concept into future traffic infrastructure services. Visteon's NavMate provides an advanced car navigation system by using in-vehicle, turn-by-turn digital mapping, and easy-to-understand voice prompts and visual directions on a 3.2 inch dashboard-mounted colour screen which identifies locations anywhere. Navigation Solutions LCC is installing 50,000 satellite-based car navigation systems for the Hertz NeverLost car rental service.
Activation of 5′-AMP-activated Kinase Is Mediated through c-Src and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activity during Hypoxia-Reoxygenation of Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells (2003)

AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a fuel-sensing enzyme present in most mammalian tissue. In response to a decrease in the energy state of a cell AMPK is phosphorylated and activated by still poorly characterized upstream events. Exposure of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) to chemically synthesized ONOO- acutely and significantly increased phosphorylation of c-Src, PDK1, AMPK, and its downstream target, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), without affecting cellular AMP. This novel pathway for AMPK activation was confirmed by the use of pharmacological inhibitors and dominant-negative mutants. Exposure of BAEC to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) caused a biphasic increase in AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, which was prevented by adenoviral overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or inhibition of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) implicating a role of ONOO- formed during H/R. Furthermore, dominant-negative mutants of c-Src or kinase-defective PDK1 also blocked H/R-induced AMPK activation indicating that, as with addition of exogenous ONOO-, both c-Src and PI 3-kinase are upstream of AMPK. Moreover, H/R, like ONOO-, significantly increased co-immunoprecipitation of AMPK with c-Src, suggesting that ONOO- favors physical association of AMPK with upstream kinases. Taken together, our results indicate a novel pathway by which H/R via ONOO- activates AMPK in a c-Src-mediated, PI 3-kinase-dependent manner, and suggest that ONOO--induced activation of AMPK might thereby regulate metabolic enzymes, such as ACC.
Feature Location Using Probabilistic Ranking of Methods Based on Execution Scenarios and Information Retrieval (2007)

This paper recasts the problem of feature location in source code as a decision-making problem in the presence of uncertainty. The solution to the problem is formulated as a combination of the opinions of different experts. The experts in this work are two existing techniques for feature location: a scenario-based probabilistic ranking of events and an information-retrieval-based technique that uses latent semantic indexing. The combination of these two experts is empirically evaluated through several case studies, which use the source code of the Mozilla Web browser and the Eclipse integrated development environment. The results show that the combination of experts significantly improves the effectiveness of feature location as compared to each of the experts used independently
Identification of the Syrian hamster cardiomyopathy gene (1997)

The BIO14.6 hamster is a widely used model for autosomal recessive cardiomyopathy. These animals die prematurely from progressive myocardial necrosis and heart failure. The primary genetic defect leading to the cardiomyopathy is still unknown. Recently, a genetic linkage map localized the cardiomyopathy locus on hamster chromosome 9qa2.1-b1, excluding several candidate genes. We now demonstrate that the cardiomyopathy results from a mutation in the delta-sarcoglycan gene that maps to the disease locus. This mutation was completely coincident with the disease in backcross and F2 pedigrees. This constitutes the first animal model identified for human sarcoglycan disorders.
Cooperative Laserscanner Pre-Data-Fusion (2008)

The cooperative pre-data-fusion is a novel approach for a cooperative environment perception system. It is being developed within the integrated research project SAFESPOT under the subproject SAFEPROBE which specifies and develops an in-vehicle sensing platform. This paper describes the approach of fusing laserscanner data with information of surrounding vehicles, transferred to the host-vehicle using wifi-technology in a cooperative way.
Specific Detection of Enteroaggregative Hemorrhagic Escherichia coli O104:H4 Strains by Use of the CRISPR Locus as a Target for a Diagnostic Real-Time PCR (2012)

In 2011, a large outbreak of an unusual bacterial strain occurred in Europe. This strain was characterized as a hybrid of an enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and a Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strain of the serotype O104:H4. Here, we present a single PCR targeting the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats locus of E. coli O104:H4 (CRISPR(O104:H4)) for specific detection of EAEC STEC O104:H4 strains from different geographical locations and time periods. The specificity of the CRISPR(O104:H4) PCR was investigated using 1,321 E. coli strains, including reference strains for E. coli O serogroups O1 to O186 and flagellar (H) types H1 to H56. The assay was compared for specificity using PCR assays targeting different O104 antigen-encoding genes (wbwC(O104), wzx(O104), and wzy(O104)). The PCR assays reacted with all types of E. coli O104 strains (O104:H2, O104:H4, O104:H7, and O104:H21) and with E. coli O8 and O9 strains carrying the K9 capsular antigen and were therefore not specific for detection of the EAEC STEC O104:H4 type. A single PCR developed for the CRISPR(O104:H4) target was sufficient for specific identification and detection of the 48 tested EAEC STEC O104:H4 strains. The 35 E. coli O104 strains expressing H types other than H4 as well as 8 E. coli strains carrying a K9 capsular antigen tested all negative for the CRISPR(O104:H4) locus. Only 12 (0.94%) of the 1,273 non-O104:H4 E. coli strains (serotypes Ont:H2, O43:H2, O141:H2, and O174:H2) reacted positive in the CRISPR(O104:H4) PCR (99.06% specificity).
Compact ridge waveguide slot antenna array fed by convex waveguide divider (2005)

A ridge waveguide longitudinal-slot antenna array with a compact transverse dimension is introduced. To broaden the bandwidth of the array, it is divided into two sub-arrays fed by a novel compact convex waveguide divider. A 16-element uniform linear array at X-band was fabricated and measured to verify the validity of the design. The measured bandwidth of S11≤–15 dB reaches 14.9% while the measured cross-polarisation level is less than –36 dB over the entire bandwidth.
Non Platinum Metal Complexes as Anticancer Drugs (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Predicting Hazardous Driving Events Using Multi-Modal Deep Learning Based on Video Motion Profile and Kinematics Data (2018)

As the raising of traffic accidents caused by commercial vehicle drivers, more regulations have been issued for improving their safety status. Driving record instruments are required to be installed on such vehicles in China. The obtained naturalistic driving data offer insight into the causal factors of hazardous events with the requirements to identify where hazardous events happen within large volumes of data. In this study, we develop a model based on a low-definition driving record instrument and the vehicle kinematic data for post-accident analysis by multi-modal deep learning method. With a higher camera position on commercial vehicles than cars that can observe further distance, motion profiles are extracted from driving video to capture the trajectory features of front vehicles at different depths. Then random forest is used to select significant kinematic variables which can reflect the potential crash. Finally, a multi-modal deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) combined both video and kinematic data is developed to identify potential collision risk in each 12-second vehicle trip. The analysis results indicate that the proposed multi-modal deep learning model can identify hazardous events within a large volumes of data at an AUC of 0.81, which outperforms the state-of-the-art random forest model and kinematic threshold method.
Prophylaktische Nefopamgabe schützt vor postanästhetischem Shivering (1998)

The data indicate that prophylactic administration of nefopam can suppress postanaesthetic shivering. Prolonged awakening was not observed.
Minimizing Bandwidth for Remote Access to Cryptographically Protected Audit Logs. (1999)

Tamperproof audit logs are an essential tool for computer forensics. Building on the work in [SK98,SK99], we show how to build a tamperproof audit log where the amount of information exchange required to verify the entries in the audit log is greatly reduced. By making audit-log verification mmore efficient, this syste is more suitable for implementation in low-bandwidth environments.