gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The polyp prevention trial I: rationale, design, recruitment, and baseline participant characteristics. (1996)

The Polyp Prevention Trial (PPT) is a multicenter randomized controlled trial examining the effect of a low-fat (20% of total energy intake), high-fiber (18 g/1000 kcal), high-vegetable and -fruit (5-8 daily servings) dietary pattern on the recurrence of adenomatous polyps of the large bowel, precursors of most colorectal malignancies. Eligibility criteria include one or more adenomas removed within 6 months of randomization; complete nonsurgical polyp removal and complete colonic examination to the cecum at the qualifying colonoscopy: age 35 years of more; no history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or large bowel resection; and satisfactory completion of a food frequency questionnaire and 4-day food record. Of approximately 38,277 potential participants with one or more polyps recently resected, investigators at eight clinical centers randomized 2,079 (5.4%; 1,037 in the intervention and 1,042 in the control arm) between June 1991 and January 1994, making the PPT the largest adenoma recurrence trial ever conducted. Of PPT participants, 35% are women and 10% are minorities. At study entry, participants averaged 61.4 years of age; 14% of them smoked, and 22% used aspirin. At the baseline colonoscopy, 35% of participants had two or more adenomas, and 29% had at least one large (> of = 1 cm) adenoma. Demographic, behavioral, dietary, and clinical characteristics are comparable across the two study arms. Participants have repeat colonoscopies after 1 (T(1)) and 4 (T(4)) years of follow-up. The primary end point is adenoma recurrence; secondary end points include number, size, location, and histology of adenomas. All resected lesions are reviewed centrally by gastrointestinal pathologists. The trial provides 90% power to detect a reduction of 24% in the annual adenoma recurrence rate. The primary analytic period, on which sample size calculations were based is 3 years (T(1) to T(4)), which permits a 1-year lag time for the intervention to work and allows a more definitive clearing of lesions at T(1), given that at least 10-15% of polyps may be missed at baseline. The final (T(4)) colonoscopies are expected to be completed in early 1998.
Combining incremental Hidden Markov Model and Adaboost algorithm for anomaly intrusion detection (2009)

Traditional Hidden Markov Model (HMM) has been successfully applied to anomaly intrusion detection. Incremental HMM (IHMM) further improves the training time of HMM. However, both HMM and IHMM still have the problem of high false positive rate. In this paper, we propose an Adaboost-IHMM to combine IHMM and adaboost for anomaly intrusion detection. As adaboost firstly uses many IHMMs to collectively classify samples then decides the results of samples' classifications, the Adaboost-IHMM can improve the accurate rate of classifications. Experimental results with Stide datasets show that the proposed method can significantly improve the false positive rate by 70% without decreasing detection rate. Besides, we also propose a method to adjust the normal profile for avoiding erroneous detection caused by changes of normal behavior. We perform with experiments with realistic datasets extracted from the use of popular browsers. Compared with traditional HMM method, our method can improve the training time by 90% to build a new normal profile.
Gel integration for microfluidic applications (2016)

Molecular diffusive membranes or materials are important for biological applications in microfluidic systems. Hydrogels are typical materials that offer several advantages, such as free diffusion for small molecules, biocompatibility with most cells, temperature sensitivity, relatively low cost, and ease of production. With the development of microfluidic applications, hydrogels can be integrated into microfluidic systems by soft lithography, flow-solid processes or UV cure methods. Due to their special properties, hydrogels are widely used as fluid control modules, biochemical reaction modules or biological application modules in different applications. Although hydrogels have been used in microfluidic systems for more than ten years, many hydrogels' properties and integrated techniques have not been carefully elaborated. Here, we systematically review the physical properties of hydrogels, general methods for gel-microfluidics integration and applications of this field. Advanced topics and the outlook of hydrogel fabrication and applications are also discussed. We hope this review can help researchers choose suitable methods for their applications using hydrogels.
Cyclization/Hydrosilylation of Functionalized 1,6-Diynes Catalyzed by Cationic Platinum Complexes Containing Bidentate Nitrogen Ligands (2002)

A 1:1 mixture of the platinum dimethyl diimine complex [PhN[double bond]C(Me)C(Me)[double bond]NPh]PtMe(2) (4a) and B(C(6)F(5))(3) catalyzed the cyclization/hydrosilylation of dimethyl dipropargylmalonate (1) and HSiEt(3) to form 1,1-dicarbomethoxy-3-methylene-4-(triethylsilylmethylene)cyclopentane (3) in 82% isolated yield with 26:1 Z:E selectivity. Platinum-catalyzed diyne cyclization/hydrosilylation tolerated a range of functional groups including esters, sulfones, acetals, silyl ethers, amides, and hindered ketones. Diynes that possessed propargylic substitution underwent facile cyclization/hydrosilylation to form silylated 1,2-dialkylidene cyclopentanes as mixtures of regioisomers. Diynes that possessed an electron-deficient internal alkyne underwent cyclization/hydrosilylation in moderate yield to form products resulting from silyl transfer to the less substituted alkyne. The silylated 1,2-dialkylidenecyclopentanes formed via diyne cyclization/hydrosilylation underwent a range of transformations including protodesilylation, Z/E isomerization, and [4 + 2] cycloaddition with dieneophiles.
Two improved methods for the determination of soluble carbohydrates (1973)

Abstract Modifications have been made to a periodate oxidation procedure originally described by Rappaport et al. 1,2 These have resulted in a procedure suited to the routine determination of a wide range of carbohydrates in solution, including soluble sugars, sugar alcohols, oligosaccharides and the hydrolysis products of reserve polysaccharides. A reasonably accurate estimate of fructose in a mixture of sugars is possible by the determination of the periodate consumption of aliquots before and after the destruction of fructose. An improved ferricyanide method is suited to the determination of reducing sugars. Both methods may be applied with equal success to hexose and pentose sugars. When used in conjunction, the two methods enable the estimation of fructose, reducing sugar, sucrose and sugar alcohol in aliquots of the same extract.
A Colpitts Oscillator Design for a GSM Base Station Synthesizer (2007)

This paper presents the design of a VCO using a Colpitts topology. The VCO system is fully integrated and suitable to operate in GSM base station synthesizers. The challenges and requirements for this application will be discussed and the possibility of achieving the performance of the oscillator will be demonstrated. The topology of the VCO core is a varactor tuned Colpitts oscillator which achieves a phase noise of -148 dBc/Hz at 1.8 MHz offset frequency. A 130 nm RF-CMOS process was used for the implementation. The process supports thick oxide devices for higher breakdown voltages. These transistors were chosen in order to obtain the highest possible voltage swing in the VCO core.
Jet-Flow From Shock Tubes (1989)

Abstract : This project was designed to map the magnitude and extent of the high velocity jet flow exiting shock tubes. The flow was measured by installing stagnation probes along three blast lines and by supplementing these measurements with calibrated displacement cubes. The side-on and stagnation overpressure versus time were measured, and from that, the side-on and stagnation impulse were calculated. The stagnation impulse showed a large drop in magnitude as the blast line was moved from the zero line to a 1.5 and then to a 3-diameter offset. A helium driver was used in the 2.54-cm-diameter shock tube to simulate an explosion in a storage magazine. Results are presented in the form of stagnation impulse versus distance along the three blast lines. The significance of these findings is that the present quantity-distance criteria for munitions stored in underground magazines are based on side-on peak overpressure, but our results show that the peak stagnation pressure and impulse are much greater. At a distance where 10.3-kPa (1.5 psi) side-on pressure was measured, a 49.6-kPa (7.2 psi) stagnation pressure was measured. At the same distance, a side-on impulse was 12.6 kPa-ms (1.83 psi-ms), while the stagnation impulse was 134 kPa-ms (20.2 psi-ms)--a dramatic difference. Keywords: Airblast; Blast waves; Exit blast; Overpressure; Stagnation pressure; Cube displacement; Shock tubes; Munition storage; Helium driver.
Monocyte Count, But Not C-Reactive Protein or Interleukin-6, Is an Independent Risk Marker for Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis (2004)

In a healthy community population, monocyte count is a better independent predictor of common carotid IMT and plaque formation than IL-6, hs-CRP, fibrinogen, and WCC. Monocyte count may represent an inexpensive, easy-to-measure risk marker for subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.
Systematic electrical characteristics of ideal rectangular cross section si-fin channel double-gate MOSFETs fabricated by a wet process (2003)

The electrical characteristics of ideal rectangular cross section Si-Fin channel double-gate MOSFETs (FXMOSFETs) fabricated by a wet process have experimentally and systematically been investigated. The almost ideal S-slope of 64 mV/decade was obtained for the fabricated 20 nm Si-Fin and 125 nm gate-length FXMOSFET. This excellent subthreshold characteristic shows that the quality of the rectangular Si-Fin channel with (111)-oriented sidewall is good enough to realize high-performance FXMOSFETs. The current and transconductance multiplication accurately proportional to a number of 30 nm Si-Fin channels was confirmed in the fabricated multi-fin FXMOSFETs. The systematic investigation of the electrical characteristics of the fabricated FXMOSFETs in the 20-110-nm Si-Fin and 2.3-5.2-nm gate oxide regimes reveals that short-channel effects can be effectively suppressed by reducing the Si-Fin thickness to 20 nm or less. The developed processes are quite attractive for fabrication of ultranarrow Si-Fin channel double-gate MOSFETs.
Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin following intravenous administration (1978)

Journal Article Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin following intravenous administration Get access M. A. L. Evans, M. A. L. Evans Department of Medical Microbiology, The London Hospital Medical CollegeLondon El 2AD, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Wilson, P. Wilson Department of Medical Microbiology, The London Hospital Medical CollegeLondon El 2AD, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. Leung, T. Leung Department of Medical Microbiology, The London Hospital Medical CollegeLondon El 2AD, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. D. Williams J. D. Williams Department of Medical Microbiology, The London Hospital Medical CollegeLondon El 2AD, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 4, Issue 3, May 1978, Pages 255–256, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/4.3.255 Published: 01 May 1978 Article history Accepted: 05 January 1978 Published: 01 May 1978
Microwave Ramsey Resonances from a Laser Diode Optically Pumped Cesium Beam Resonator (1985)

Optical pumping with laser diodes is expected to improve the performance of cesium beam atomic clocks. We describe the principle of operation of the optically pumped Cs beam machine and then present Ramsey patterns obtained when one, two, or three lasers are used for the experiment. The best configuration uses two lasers, one for the state preparation yielding a complete configuration inversion, and another for efficient fluorescence optical detection, this last tuned to a recycling transition. Finally, the signal to noise (S/N) ratio is derived for this resonator and suggestions are given for its improvenment.
Superatom Electron Configuration Predicts Thermal Stability of Au<sub>25</sub>(SR)<sub>18</sub> Nanoclusters (2012)

The exceptional stability of ligand-stabilized gold nanoclusters such as Au(25)(SC(6)H(13))(18)(-), Au(39)(PR(3))(14)X(6)(-), and Au(102)(SR)(44) arises from the total filling of superatomic electron shells, resulting in a "noble-gas superatom" electron configuration. Electrochemical manipulation of the oxidation state can add or remove electrons from superatom orbitals, creating species electronically analogous to atomic radicals. Herein we show that oxidizing the Au(25)(SR)(18)(-) superatom from the noble-gas-like 1S(2)1P(6) electron configuration to the open-shell radical 1S(2)1P(5) and diradical 1S(2)1P(4) configurations results in decreased thermal stability of the compound, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Similar experiments probing five oxidation states of the putatively geometrically stabilized Au(144)(SR)(60) cluster suggest a more complex relationship between oxidation state and thermal stability for this compound.
Mononuclear Ferrocenophane Structural Motifs with Two Thiourea Arms Acting as a Dual Binding Site for Anions and Cations (2009)

The synthesis of a new type of mononuclear ferrocenophane-based thiourea, in which the ferrocene moiety is simultaneously attached to two thiourea groups directly from 1,1'-bis(isothiocyanato)ferrocene, is reported. These nitrogen-rich structural motifs show remarkable ion-sensing properties because of the presence of the redox active ferrocene unit and the thiourea bridges, which unexpectedly act as a dual binding site for anions and metal ions. They display a selective downfield shift of the thiourea protons and a remarkable cathodic shift of the ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couple with F(-), AcO(-), H(2)PO(4)(-), and HP(2)O(7)(3-) anions, whereas the selective recognition of Hg(2+) metal cations is achieved either by electrochemical or by spectral measurements. The preferred binding modes are proposed for the most representative complexes by means of density functional theory based theoretical calculations showing the Janus-like faces of the receptor.
Le rapport n'est pas opposable aux garants non appelés aux opérations d'expertise (2010)

International audience
Pneumococcal bacteremia in Charleston County, South Carolina. A decade later (1990)

• Since nationwide surveillance for pneumococcal bacteremia in the United States is not done, community-based studies are useful alternative methods to monitor trends in this disease. Data on the incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia in Charleston County, South Carolina, from 1974 to 1976, have been used to support cost-effective pneumococcal vaccine programs for the elderly. We reevaluated the incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia in Charleston County in 1986 and 1987 to assess whether earlier estimates remained valid given changes in medical practice. During 1986 and 1987, overall annual incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia in Charleston County was 18.7 per 100 000 (95% confidence limits, 13.7 to 23.6 per 100 000), which represents a 2.3-fold increase over the earlier rate. The increase coincided with a 2.2-fold increase in the annual number of blood cultures processed at four Charleston County hospital laboratories from 1975 to 1987 despite only a 1.1-fold increase in the number of patients discharged from these hospitals. Annualized rates increased 2.3-fold for adults more than or equal to 65 years old to 53 per 100 000 and 4.6-fold for children less than 2 years old to 162 per 100 000. The case-fatality rate of bacteremic patients was 18%, compared with 21% in the earlier study. The casefatality rate for more than or equal to 65 years of age was 44%. Ninety-one percent of adults 19 to 64 years old with bacteremia had underlying medical conditions for which pneumococcal vaccine is recommended; all persons 55 to 64 years old had at least one underlying condition. The marked increases in pneumococcal bacteremia rates detected are likely due to more routine culturing of blood from symptomatic patients with pneumococcal disease. These findings emphasize the need for effective programs promoting use of pneumococcal vaccine in high-risk groups, particularly those more than or equal to 65 years old, and the development of a more immunogenic vaccine for children less than 2 years old. (<i>Arch Intern Med.</i>1990;150:1401-1405)
Cross-talk between T Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cells during Adoptive Cellular Therapy for Malignant Glioma (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy (ACT) has emerged as a viable therapeutic for peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) tumors. In peripheral cancers, optimal efficacy of ACT is reliant on dendritic cells (DCs) in the tumor microenvironment. However, the CNS is largely devoid of resident migratory DCs to function as antigen-presenting cells during immunotherapy. Herein, we demonstrate that cellular interactions between adoptively transferred tumor-reactive T cells and bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) lead to the generation of potent intratumoral DCs within the CNS compartment.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We evaluated HSPC differentiation during ACT <i>in vivo</i> in glioma-bearing hosts and HSPC proliferation and differentiation <i>in vitro</i> using a T-cell coculture system. We utilized FACS, ELISAs, and gene expression profiling to study the phenotype and function of HSPC-derived cells <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i> To demonstrate the impact of HSPC differentiation and function on antitumor efficacy, we performed survival experiments.<b>Results:</b> Transfer of HSPCs with concomitant ACT led to the production of activated CD86<sup>+</sup>CD11c<sup>+</sup>MHCII<sup>+</sup> cells consistent with DC phenotype and function within the brain tumor microenvironment. These intratumoral DCs largely supplanted abundant host myeloid-derived suppressor cells. We determined that during ACT, HSPC-derived cells in gliomas rely on T-cell-released IFNγ to differentiate into DCs, activate T cells, and reject intracranial tumors.<b>Conclusions:</b> Our data support the use of HSPCs as a novel cellular therapy. Although DC vaccines induce robust immune responses in the periphery, our data demonstrate that HSPC transfer uniquely generates intratumoral DCs that potentiate T-cell responses and promote glioma rejection <i>in situ</i><i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3955-66. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Pericardial effusion: haemodynamic spectrum (2004)

Haemodynamic abnormalities, caused by pericardial effusion, range from undetectable or mild, to life threatening, depending on the determinants discussed below. These include the rate at which the effusion accumulates and whether or not the pericardium is scarred and thus adds an element of constrictive pericarditis. Pericardial adhesions or organisation of the fluid can result in localised, and thus atypical, tamponade. Pericardial effusion is the cause of a number of distinct clinical and haemodynamic syndromes.

Fundamental to understanding their pathophysiology are the biomechanical properties of the pericardium. The pressure–volume relation of normal pericardium, after an initial short shallow portion that allows the pericardium to stretch slightly in response to physiological events, such as changes in posture or volume status, shows a minimal increase in pericardial pressure. Thereafter, the pressure increase is extremely steep. This J shaped curve1 indicates that a sudden increase in the volume of pericardial fluid can slightly stretch the pericardium, and thus an increase of as little as 100 or 200 ml may elevate pericardial pressure from its normal ambient, or slightly sub-ambient value, to 30 mm Hg or more, defining severe cardiac tamponade.

At the other extreme, a pericardial effusion developing over several weeks or months may reach a volume measured in litres accompanied by a considerably more modest increase in pericardial pressure.2 The explanation for this difference is that the response of the pericardium to gradual stretch differs from its response to acute stretch. A slower accumulation of pericardial fluid causes pericardial compliance to increase; its pressure–volume curve is shifted to the right and the slope of the steep portion is greatly reduced, such that for a given increment in volume, …
Paint Inspired Color Mixing and Compositing for Visualization (2004)

Color is often used to convey information, and color compositing is often required while visualizing multiattribute information. This paper proposes an alternative method for color compositing. In order to present understandable color blending to the general public, several techniques are proposed. First, a paint-inspired RYB color space is used. In addition, noise patterns are employed to produce subregions of pure color within an overlapped region. We show examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique for visualization
12 Days Under The Ice With An AUV (2011)

Abstract In March and April 2010, an ISE Explorer Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), built for Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), was deployed to Canada’s high Arctic. Its mission was to undertake under-ice bathymetric surveys in support of Canada’s submission to establish the outer limits of its continental shelf under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). During this deployment several under-ice records were broken and several new technologies were demonstrated. NRCan’s AUV is an ISE Explorer class vehicle, with several innovative additions to make it suitable for arctic survey work. Most notable are a 4000 m depth rated variable ballast system, a 1500 Hz long-range homing system, and under-ice charging and data transfer capabilities. A Short-Range Localization (SRL) system was also developed for close range positioning. The homing and SRL systems were developed by Canadian defense scientists and engineers at DRDC (Defence Research and Development Canada). The Explorer’s range was extended to approximately 450 km by adding a hull section to accommodate extra batteries. The scientific payload onboard included a Seabird SBE49 Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) sensor, Knudsen singlebeam echosounder, and a Kongsberg Simrad EM2000 multibeam echosounder. In order to optimize battery endurance, the plan was to only turn on the EM2000 at strategic locations (i.e. potential sea mounts) along the mission path. The Main Camp near Borden Island (78°14’N, 112°39’W) was the launch site for the AUV. It was launched from an 8 m by 3 m ice hole, cut through 2 – 3 m thick ice. After several test dives, the first mission was a transit to a Remote Camp, 320 km to the northwest. The AUV autonomously homed into the Remote Camp and was secured with the help of a small remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Without being removed from the water, it was charged and survey data was downloaded, all through a 1.3 m by 2 m ice hole. Subsequently, a second survey mission was undertaken in a region known as the Sever Spur (~79°N, 115°W), which returned back to the Remote Camp. Finally, it embarked on a return transit mission to the Main Camp for recovery. The AUV spent 10 days under ice before being successfully recovered. In total, close to 1000 km of under-ice survey was accomplished between the 3 missions. The AUV reached depths of 3160 m and transited at an average speed of 1.5 m/s at an altitude of 130 m above the seabed. From operating entirely under ice, to surveying in such a challenging environment, to the distances and objectives, this is an historic milestone in AUV and polar science. ISE, DRDC and NRCan are now preparing for a 2011 deployment to collect additional arctic survey data.