gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proximity-induced hybridization chain assembly with small-molecule linked DNA for single-step amplified detection of antibodies (2019)

A novel and versatile platform for single-step amplified fluorescence detection of antibodies via specific proximity-induced hybridization chain assembly is developed.
Observation of defects in crystal surface layers by grazing-incidence diffraction X-ray topography (1995)

Threading dislocations in gallium arsenide and point defects in silicon were observed for the first time by X-ray topography under grazing-incidence diffraction conditions. A new type of contrast on polished surfaces has been resolved for single crystals with defects. The characteristics of grazing-incidence diffraction topography are discussed.
Saliva as a source of feline leukemia virus antigen for diagnosis of disease (1987)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) p27 in saliva was tested for its accuracy and sensitivity in diagnosing FeLV infections. Saliva and serum samples from 564 clinical cases were tested with a 99.2% specificity. The overall accuracy of the saliva ELISA reactive to the serum ELISA was 97.9%. Experimentally, the ELISA saliva was the least sensitive in diagnosing early FeLV infections. However, the overall accuracy, ease of use, and simplicity of the test support its use as a screening procedure in clinical practice.
Synthesis and polymerization of 4‐o‐vinylbenzyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine (1985)

Abstract Some hindered amine polymers containing 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine structure were synthesized. A new monomer, 4‐O‐vinylbenzyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine, was homopolymerized and copolymerized with some vinyl monomers in the presence of AIBN as an initiator. The obtained amine polymers were oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to obtain the polymers having nitroxyl radical moiety.
A Survey on Network Security-Related Data Collection Technologies (2018)

Security threats and economic loss caused by network attacks, intrusions, and vulnerabilities have motivated intensive studies on network security. Normally, data collected in a network system can reflect or can be used to detect security threats. We define these data as network security-related data. Studying and analyzing security-related data can help detect network attacks and intrusions, thus making it possible to further measure the security level of the whole network system. Obviously, the first step in detecting network attacks and intrusions is to collect security-related data. However, in the context of big data and 5G, there exist a number of challenges in collecting these security-related data. In this paper, we first briefly introduce network security-related data, including its definition and characteristics, and the applications of network data collection. We then provide the requirements and objectives for security-related data collection and present a taxonomy of data collection technologies. Moreover, we review existing collection nodes, collection tools, and collection mechanisms in terms of network data collection and analyze them based on the proposed requirements and objectives toward high quality security-related data collection. Finally, we discuss open research issues and conclude with suggestions for future research directions.
Selective uptake of fatty acids by the yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> (2003)

Abstract Yarrowia lipolytica , when cultivated on mixtures of free fatty acid substrates was found to remove C12:0, C14:0, Δ9 C18:1, Δ9, 12 C18:2 and Δ9, 12, 15 C18:3 at significantly higher rates than C16:0 and C18:0, regardless of fatty acid composition of the initial substrate. C12:0, C14:0 and Δ9, 12, 15 C18:3 were specifically and completely removed from the substrate, while Δ9 C18:1 and Δ9, 12 C18:2 concentrations decreased by 55‐80 wt‐% in comparison with initial concentrations. In contrast, concentration of C18:0 increased 2.1—3.5 fold in the substrate. Although C18:0 was removed slowly from the substrate, this fatty acid was selectively accumulated in the storage lipid. Inversely, only low quantities of Δ9 C18:1 and Δ9, 12 C18:2 and traces of C12:0, C14:0 and Δ9, 12, 15 C18:3 were accumulated in the storage lipid. During storage lipid breakdown, cellular C16:0 and Δ9 C18:1 were taken up more rapidly than C18:0. We concluded that the capability of Yarrowia lipolytica to selectively remove several fatty acids from the substrate and accumulate others could be used in modification of the composition of selected mixtures of fatty acids and probably of common fats, to produce “new” fats with a predetermined composition.
A Road Simulation System for Heavy Duty Vehicles (1976)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A road simulator system has been developed for heavy duty vehicles. The system utilizes vertical inputs to the tires and corrects for heavy duty vehicle simulation problems such as solid axle cross-coupling, different tire contact patches for front and rear tires, tire nonlinearity, and variation in vehicle speed. The system operates in two modes which allow reproduction of response measured on a particular road, or simulation of vehicle response to a class of roads described by a PSD Matrix.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The road profile generation techniques for each mode of operation are described. These techniques determine effective road inputs from measured vehicle response through a multiple input-multiple output systems analysis of the vehicle. Laboratory test results for both modes of simulator operation are presented.</div>
Numerical methods for experimental design of large-scale linear ill-posed inverse problems (2008)

While an experimental design for well-posed inverse linear problems has been well studied, covering a vast range of well-established design criteria and optimization algorithms, its ill-posed counterpart is a rather new topic. The ill-posed nature of the problem entails the incorporation of regularization techniques. The consequent non-stochastic error introduced by regularization needs to be taken into account when choosing an experimental design criterion. We discuss different ways to define an optimal design that controls both an average total error of regularized estimates and a measure of the total cost of the design. We also introduce a numerical framework that efficiently implements such designs and natively allows for the solution of large-scale problems. To illustrate the possible applications of the methodology, we consider a borehole tomography example and a two-dimensional function recovery problem.
Adaptive sleep discipline for energy conservation and robustness in dense sensor networks (2004)

This paper presents an adaptive approach for conserving energy in high-density sensor networks. The proposed method allows sensor nodes to sleep while ensuring that application performance constraints are met. Unlike deterministic algorithms that assume static connectivity, the approach uses a randomized algorithm to provide robustness to the variations in network connectivity. These variations are due to fading channels, depletion or addition of nodes, node mobility, and the sleeping of nodes. The algorithm developed in the paper is extremely lightweight and does not require nodes to keep any state information about their individual neighbors. Based on local observations, each node independently decides when to sleep and wakeup. The algorithm also ensures an evenly distributed workload among nodes, and achieves energy savings proportional to the density of nodes.
COUNCIL OF BRITISH OPHTHALMOLOGISTS (1921)

an able paper on scotometry.He dealt with enlargement of the blind spot and scotomata in cases of chronic glaucoma, high myopia and tobacco amblyopia.Numerous charts were shown and the author is to be congratulated on a laborious and very useful piece of work.
The Value of Finding Nemo (2016)

is a freshman Computer Engineering student who loves spending time with his family
Analysis of thermal comfort and indoor air flow characteristics for a residential building room under generalized window opening position at the adjacent walls (2015)

Thermal comfort is an imperative factor that determines the health and productivity of the occupants living in residential buildings. The growing health related symptoms and demand for the electrical energy encourage the occupants to switch over to natural ventilation. Thermal comfort for naturally ventilated buildings mainly depends on the size and orientation of window openings. Even though most research works include the study on indoor thermal comfort for various positions of window opening it was limited to single sided and cross ventilated buildings. In real situation most of the rooms attached to the residential buildings are having window openings at their adjacent wall and hence this paper was focused to study the occupants’ thermal comfort and indoor air flow characteristics for a room with adjacent window openings under generalized approach. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is employed to study the indoor air flow for a three-dimensional room model. The CFD simulation is checked for grid independence and having good validation with experimental measurements on the reduced scale model at wind tunnel and with the network model with the k–ε turbulence model. Air temperatures along various midlines, planes, areas occupied by low temperature zone and predicted mean vote (PMV) contours are presented in this paper. From this study a new set of strategies are identified to locate the window openings and the best location improves percentage of low temperature by 50%, reduces the PMV and PPD by 0.12% and 3.51%, respectively with reference to the worst window opening position.
Pharmacokinetic aspects of deprenyl effects. (1984)

Deprenyl is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type-B (MAO-B). In prolonged treatment (0.05-0.25 mg/kg, sc daily) in spite of the irreversible blocking, selective inhibition pattern of MAO was maintained. 14C-Deprenyl is well absorbed after oral or subcutaneous administration and penetrates rapidly to the central nervous system. When it is given intravenously its highest brain concentration is reached within 30 sec but radioactivity rapidly disappears from the central nervous system. Deprenyl is metabolized to amphetamine and methylamphetamine in rats without producing a remarkable sign of psychostimulant activity. This could partly be due to the distribution properties of deprenyl e.g. low detectable level of radioactivity in the brain after 1-2 min and partly to the fact that from (-) -deprenyl (-) -amphetamines, which have less psychostimulant activity than the (+) -isomere, are formed.
The spatial organization of human chromosomes within the nuclei of normal and emerin-mutant cells (2001)

To fully understand genome function, the linear genome map must be integrated with a spatial map of chromosomes in the nucleus. Distinct nuclear addresses for a few human chromosomes have been described. Previously we have demonstrated that the gene-rich human chromosome 19 is located in a more central position in the nucleus than the similarly sized, but gene-poor, chromosome 18. To determine whether these two chromosomes are a paradigm for the organization of chromatin in the human nucleus, we have now analysed the nuclear organization of every human chromosome in diploid lymphoblasts and primary fibroblasts. We find that the most gene-rich chromosomes concentrate at the centre of the nucleus, whereas the more gene-poor chromosomes are located towards the nuclear periphery. In contrast, we find no significant relationship between chromosome size and position within the nucleus. Proteins of the nuclear membrane or lamina are candidates for molecules that might anchor regions of the genome at the nuclear periphery and it has been suggested that disruption of this organization may play a role in some disease pathologies. We show that the intranuclear organization of chromosomes is not altered in cells that lack the integral nuclear membrane protein emerin, from an individual with X-linked Emery--Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. This suggests that emerin is not necessary for localizing chromosomes at the nuclear periphery and that the muscular dystrophy phenotype in such individuals is not due to grossly altered nuclear organization of chromatin.
Deterministic identification of specific individuals from GWAS results (2015)

Proofs of the theorems and additional experimental results are available in the support online documents. The attack algorithm codes are publicly available at https://sites.google.com/site/zhangzhenjie/GWAS_attack.zip. The genomic dataset used in the experiments is available at http://www.wtccc.org.uk/ on request.
The c-myc proto-oncogene regulates cardiac development in transgenic mice. (1990)

During the maturation of the cardiac myocyte, a transition occurs from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth. The factors that control this transition in the developing heart are unknown. Proto-oncogenes such as c-myc have been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, and in the heart the switch from myocyte proliferation to terminal differentiation is synchronous with a decrease in c-myc mRNA abundance. To determine whether c-myc can influence myocyte proliferation or differentiation, we examined the in vivo effect of increasing c-myc expression during embryogenesis and of preventing the decrease in c-myc mRNA expression that normally occurs during cardiac development. The model system used was a strain of transgenic mice exhibiting constitutive expression of c-myc mRNA in cardiac myocytes throughout development. In these transgenic mice, increased c-myc mRNA expression was found to be associated with both atrial and ventricular enlargement. This increase in cardiac mass was secondary to myocyte hyperplasia, with the transgenic hearts containing more than twice as many myocytes as did nontransgenic hearts. The results suggest that in the transgenic animals there is additional hyperplastic growth during fetal development. However, this additional proliferative growth is not reflected in abnormal myocyte maturation, as assessed by the expression of the cardiac and skeletal isoforms of alpha-actin. The results of this study indicate that constitutive expression of c-myc mRNA in the heart during development results in enhanced hyperplastic growth and suggest a regulatory role for this proto-oncogene in cardiac myogenesis.
New architecture for high-efficiency polymer photovoltaic cells using solution-based titanium oxide layer (2006)

New architectural polymer photovoltaic cells approaching 5% power conversion efficiency have been fabricated using titanium oxide (TiO<sub>x</sub>) as an optical spacer. Solar cells with a TiO<sub>x</sub> layer (deposited by a sol-gel process) between the active layer and the electron collecting aluminum electrode exhibit approximately 50% enhancement in power conversion efficiency compared to similar devices without the optical spacer. The TiO<sub>x</sub> layer increases the efficiency by modifying the spatial distribution of the light intensity inside the device, thereby creating more photogenerated charge carriers in the bulk heterojunction layer.
Performance evaluation of simulcast vs. layered multicasting over best-effort networks (2009)

Abstract: Multi-rate multicast schemes can be broadly classified into two categories. In layered multicast, a video file is transmitted by a base layer, which contains the most important features of the video. Additional layers, called enhancement layers, contain data that refine the quality of the base layer. In simulcast, the video file is transmitted by replicated layers that contain the same content at different quality. The benefits of layered multicast versus simulcast are still under question, as layered multicast presents higher complexity and more challenging deployment than simulcast. In this paper, two multirate multicast control schemes are compared. The layered multicast SMCC congestion control against our proposed solution for simulcast transmission, named ASSP. We compare the two schemes under a controlled simulation environment with the network simulator software (ns-2) by taking into account the evaluation criteria in RFC 5166. The results demonstrate that both SMCC and ASSP are TCP-friendly while SMCC seems to suffers from small oscillations of the transmission rate. In network topologies with low complexity ASSP consumes no more bandwidth than SMCC for the transmission of the different simulcast streams, while being a simpler solution than the more complicated SMCC. 1. INTRODUCTION AND RELATED
A Hybrid E-Beam/Deep-Uv Lithography For Gaas Fet's (1987)

A hybrid e-beam/deep-UV lithography (a D2ED process) and its application for GaAs FET's are described. A D2 ED process consists of Deep UV exposure and Development in MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) for less critical features, and E-beam exposure and Development in IPA (isopropyl alcohol) for critical fine features. E-beam exposure is performed at one pixel per minimum linewidth. A higher throughput and better linewidth control are obtained by using a D ED process. A high overlay accuracy is obtained by use of tungsten registration marks and D2ED processes for the source/drain and gate levels in GaAs FET's.
Doing well-being: Self-reported activities are related to subjective well-being (2022)

Activities and Subjective Well-Being (SWB) have been shown to be intricately related to each other. However, no research to date has shown whether individuals understand how their everyday activities relate to their SWB. Furthermore, the assessment of activities has been limited to predefined types of activities and/or closed-ended questions. In two studies, we examine the relationship between self-reported everyday activities and SWB, while allowing individuals to express their activities freely by allowing open-ended responses that were then analyzed with state-of-the-art (transformers-based) Natural Language Processing. In study 1 (N = 284), self-reports of Yesterday's Activities did not significantly relate to SWB, whereas activities reported as having the most impact on SWB in the past four weeks had small but significant correlations to most of the SWB scales (r = .14 -.23, p < .05). In Study 2 (N = 295), individuals showed strong agreement with each other about activities that they considered to increase or decrease SWB (AUC = .995). Words describing activities that increased SWB related to physically and cognitively active activities and social activities ("football", "meditation", "friends"), whereas words describing activities that decreased SWB were mainly activity features related to imbalance ("too", "much", "enough"). Individuals reported both activities and descriptive words that reflect their SWB, where the activity words had generally small but significant correlations to SWB (r =. 17 -.33, p < .05) and the descriptive words had generally strong correlations to SWB (r = .39-63, p < .001). We call this correlational gap the well-being/activity description gap and discuss possible explanations for the phenomenon.
Kernel integral images: A framework for fast non-uniform filtering (2008)

Integral images are commonly used in computer vision and computer graphics applications. Evaluation of box filters via integral images can be performed in constant time, regardless of the filter size. Although Heckbert (1986) extended the integral image approach for more complex filters, its usage has been very limited, in practice. In this paper, we present an extension to integral images that allows for application of a wide class of non-uniform filters. Our approach is superior to Heckbertpsilas in terms of precision requirements and suitability for parallelization. We explain the theoretical basis of the approach and instantiate two concrete examples: filtering with bilinear interpolation, and filtering with approximated Gaussian weighting. Our experiments show the significant speedups we achieve, and the higher accuracy of our approach compared to Heckbertpsilas.
Preparation, Properties, and Technology of Fluorine and Organic Fluoro Compounds (1952)

The 40 papers by various authors that are published in this volume show the development in the United States during World War II of plant-scale methods for synthesizing fluorine, hydrogen fluoride, and a number of organic fluoro compounds. The last named are used as lubricants and as diffusion media in plants separating uranium isotopes. The physiological effects of fluorine are treated on pages 149-50, and safety precautions to be taken in handling it on pages 150-53. Analogous information for hydrogen fluoride and the organic fluoro compounds is lacking, perhaps because the properties of the first are well known and because the latter are chemically (and probably physiologically) inert. Chemists may be fascinated with this volume, but there is little in it of general interest to physicians.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the muscle relaxant drug Org NC-45 and each of its hydroxy metabolites in dogs. (1981)

The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of Org NC-45 and each of its metabolites were studied in anaesthetized dogs. Only Org NC-45 and C3-deacetylated NC-45 produced neuromuscular blockade at the doses studied. The plasma half-lives varied from 3 to 15 min, and are about one third of that of the structurally-related compound pancuronium. Renal excretion was of the order 5-20% and the biliary excretion 7-20% 6 h after administration of each of the 4 compounds. The apparent volume of distribution after a 1 1/2 h infustion was of the same order as the extracellular fluid volume. It seems that no significant entero-hepatic recirculation occurs. Thus, long term continuous infusions of Org NC-45 may be safe.
Early Driver Fatigue Detection from Electroencephalography Signals using Artificial Neural Networks (2006)

This paper describes a driver fatigue detection system using an artificial neural network (ANN). Using electroencephalogram (EEG) data sampled from 20 professional truck drivers and 35 non professional drivers, the time domain data are processed into alpha, beta, delta and theta bands and then presented to the neural network to detect the onset of driver fatigue. The neural network uses a training optimization technique called the magnified gradient function (MGF). This technique reduces the time required for training by modifying the standard back propagation (SBP) algorithm. The MGF is shown to classify professional driver fatigue with 81.49% accuracy (80.53% sensitivity, 82.44% specificity) and non-professional driver fatigue with 83.06% accuracy (84.04% sensitivity and 82.08% specificity).
SCLERA: an Astrometric Telescope for Experimental Relativity (1974)

An f/100, 12.2-m focal length photoelectric telescope designed specifically for daytime astrometry of objects near the sun is now operative at its Tucson, Arizona, site. The design goal was to achieve accuracies of order 0.001 sec of arc in field position measurements of stars. To accomplish this, many features reducing systematic and random errors are employed, including Schupmann medial telescope optics, compensation for lateral color aberration, apodization for reduction of diffracted light, and use of an accurately measured solar diameter for calibrating the field.
Phosphorus halides complexes with 4-dimethylaminopyridine and N-methylimidazole (2009)

Formation of complexes between phosphorus halides and 4-dimethylaminopyridine or N-methylimidazole was studied. The following phosphorus halides: trichloride, oxychloride, and sulfochloride, were found to form equilibrium mixtures of the complexes containing different numbers of the ligand molecules. Among the studied phosphorus halides only pentachloride and tribromide form stable complexes with a constant composition.