gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending the process limits of laser polymer welding with high-brilliance beam sources (recent status and prospects of POLYBRIGHT) (2011)

Plastics play an important role in almost every facet of our lives and constitute a wide variety of products, from everyday products such as food and beverage packaging, over furniture and building materials to high tech products in the automotive, electronics, aerospace, white goods, medical and other sectors [1]. The objective of PolyBright, the European Research project on laser polymer welding, is to provide high speed and flexible laser manufacturing technology and expand the limits of current plastic part assembly. New laser polymer joining processes for optimized thermal management in combination with adapted wavelengths will provide higher quality, high processing speed up to 1 m/s and robust manufacturing processes at lower costs. Key innovations of the PolyBright project are fibre lasers with high powers up to 500 W, high speed scanning and flexible beam manipulation systems for simultaneous welding and high-resolution welding, such as dynamic masks and multi kHz scanning heads. With this initial step, PolyBright will break new paths in processing of advanced plastic products overcoming the quality and speed limitations of conventional plastic part assembly. Completely new concepts for high speed processing, flexibility and quality need to be established in combination with high brilliance lasers and related equipment. PolyBright will thus open new markets for laser systems with a short term potential of over several 100 laser installations per year and a future much larger market share in the still growing plastic market. PolyBright will hence establish a comprehensive and sustainable development activity on new high brilliance lasers that will strengthen the laser system industry.
HEAT TRANSFER IN THIN LIQUID FILMS FLOWING DOWN HEATED INCLINED GROOVED PLATES (2008)

Thin liquid films flowing down vertical or inclined plates are widely used in many industrial apparatuses. Using structured plate surfaces often leads to heat transfer enhancement. In the present work a numerical model for heat transfer in a thin liquid film flowing down a heated inclined grooved plate is developed. To this end, the Graetz-Nusselt problem for falling films on structured plates is solved. The computed velocity field, the developed temperature field as well as the temperature distribution in the thermal entrance region of a falling film are presented. The dependence of temperature distribution on the Reynolds number, the Biot number, the applied heat flux, the plate inclination angle and the plate topography is explored. It is shown that the film rupture on the groove crests at relatively high heat fluxes observed in experiments can be attributed to the strong interface temperature gradients developed in the thermal entrance region. The effect of the temperature gradients on film stability is also investigated. To qualitatively validate the numerical model the hydrodynamics and heat transfer in falling films on structured plates is studied experimentally. The numerical results are discussed and compared with the experimental results.
Ubiquitin Ligases and the Immune Response (2004)

Ubiquitin (Ub)-protein conjugation represents a novel means of posttranscriptional modification in a proteolysis-dependent or -independent manner. E3 Ub ligases play a key role in governing the cascade of Ub transfer reactions by recognizing and catalyzing Ub conjugation to specific protein substrates. The E3s, which can be generally classified into HECT-type and RING-type families, are involved in the regulation of many aspects of the immune system, including the development, activation, and differentiation of lymphocytes, T cell-tolerance induction, antigen presentation, immune evasion, and virus budding. E3-promoted ubiquitination affects a wide array of biological processes, such as receptor downmodulation, signal transduction, protein processing or translocation, protein-protein interaction, and gene transcription, in addition to proteasome-mediated degradation. Deficiency or mutation of some of the E3s like Cbl, Cbl-b, or Itch, causes abnormal immune responses such as autoimmunity, malignancy, and inflammation. This review discusses our current understanding of E3 Ub ligases in both innate and adaptive immunity. Such knowledge may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches for immunological diseases.
Transmission system for multimedia services in satellite broadcasting channels (1998)

In Japan, a new digital satellite broadcasting service is scheduled to start in the year 2000. The technical standard for the transmission system was established in 1998. The system provides an information bit rate of 52 Mbps, which is sufficient for broadcasting true HDTV programs. It can handle multiple MPEG2 transport streams. The system supports multiple modulation schemes such as trellis coded 8PSK(TC8PSK), QPSK and BPSK. These modulation schemes can be selected and/or used simultaneously. Accordingly, broadcasters sharing one satellite channel can select modulation schemes suitable for their own services independently from each other. The configuration and characteristics of the system are described.
Preparation of 7-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-ylacetic acid and its [13C2], [5-n-3H], and [5-n-3H]-7-O-glucosyl analogues for use in the study of indol-3-yl-acetic acid catabolism (1987)

An improved synthesis of 7-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-ylacetic acid via the base-induced condensation reaction between oxalate esters and 7-benzyloxyindolin-2-one is described. 7-Benzyloxyindolin-2-one was prepared in four steps and 50% overall yield from 3-hydroxy-2-nitrotoluene. The yield of the title compound from 7-benzyloxyindolin-2-one was 56%. This route was used to prepare 7-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-yl[13C2]acetic acid in 30% yield from [13C2]oxalic acid dihydrate. The method could not be extended to the preparation of the corresponding [14C2]-compound. However, an enzyme preparation from Zea mays roots catalysed the conversion of carrier-free [5-n-3H]indol-3-ylacetic acid with a specific activity of 16.7 Ci mmol-1 to a mixture of 7-hydroxy-2-oxo[5-n-3H]indolin-3-ylacetic acid and its [5-n-3H]-7-O-glucoside in ca. 3 and 40% radiochemical yield respectively. The glucoside was converted into the 7-hydroxy compound in 80% yield by means of beta-glucosidase.
Forced expiratory flows and lung volumes in normal infants (1993)

Forced expiratory flows at functional residual capacity (VmaxFRC) by the rapid compression technique and functional residual capacity (FRC) by the helium dilution technique were assessed in 112 normal infants with a mean age of 10.7 months (range, 1.0-31.0). In predicting FRC, log transformation was appropriate and body length was the best predicator. For VmaxFRC, age was a better predictor than length, and logarithmic transformation was not required. In(FRC) = -5.465 + 2.49 x In(length) SD = 0.178; r2 = 0.83 VmaxFRC = -397 + 9.36 x (age) SD = 88; r2 = 0.52 There were no gender differences for FRC or VmaxFRC; however, male infants exposed to passive cigarette smoke tended to have lower flows than male infants not exposed (P < 0.07). This study establishes normative values for VmaxFRC and FRC in infants between 1 and 31 months of age, and suggests that passive cigarette smoke exposure has an adverse effect upon forced expiratory flows in male infants.
SMIL 2.0. 2. Examples and comparisons (2002)

For pt. 1 see ibid., vol. 8 , no. 4, p. 82-88 (2001). The article is the second part of a two-part series on SMIL 2.0, the newest version of the World Wide Web Consortium's Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language. Part 1 looked in detail at various aspects of the SMIL specification and the underlying SMIL timing model. This part looks at simple and complex examples of SMIL 2.0's use and compares SMIL with other multimedia formats. We focus on SMIL's textual structure in its various implementation profiles.
Creating 3D Virtual Driving Environments for Simulation-Aided Development of Autonomous Driving and Active Safety (2017)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Recreating traffic scenarios for testing autonomous driving in the real world requires significant time, resources and expense, and can present a safety risk if hazardous scenarios are tested. Using a 3D virtual environment to enable testing of many of these traffic scenarios on the desktop or cluster significantly reduces the amount of required road tests. In order to facilitate the development of perception and control algorithms for level 4 autonomy, a shared memory interface between MATLAB, Simulink, and Unreal Engine 4 can send information (such as vehicle control signals) back to the virtual environment. The shared memory interface conveys arbitrary numerical data, RGB image data, and point cloud data for the simulation of LiDAR sensors. The interface consists of a plugin for Unreal Engine, which contains the necessary read/write functions, and a beta toolbox for MATLAB, capable of reading and writing from the same shared memory locations specified in Unreal Engine, MATLAB, and Simulink. The LiDAR sensor model was tested by generating point clouds with beam patterns that mimic Velodyne HDL-32E (32 beam) sensors and is demonstrated to run at sufficient frame rates for real-time computations by leveraging the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).</div></div>
Rapid, continuous purification of proteins in a microfluidic device using genetically-engineered partition tags (2008)

High-throughput screening assays of native and recombinant proteins are increasingly crucial in life science research, including fields such as drug screening and enzyme engineering. These assays are typically highly parallel, and require minute amounts of purified protein per assay. To address this need, we have developed a rapid, automated microscale process for isolating specific proteins from sub-microlitre volumes of E. Coli cell lysate. Recombinant proteins are genetically tagged to drive partitioning into the PEG-rich phase of a flowing aqueous two-phase system, which removes approximately 85% of contaminating proteins, as well as unwanted nucleic acids and cell debris, on a simple microfluidic device. Inclusion of the genetic tag roughly triples recovery of the autofluorescent protein AcGFP1, and also significantly improves recovery of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST), from nearly zero recovery for the wild-type enzyme, up to 40% with genetic tagging. The extraction process operates continuously, with only a single step from cell lysate to purified protein, and does not require expensive affinity reagents or troublesome chromatographic steps. The two-phase system is mild and does not disrupt protein function, as evidenced by recovery of active enzymes and functional fluorescent protein from our microfluidic process. The microfluidic aqueous two-phase extraction forms the core component of an integrated lab-on-a-chip device comprising cell culture, lysis, purification and analysis on a single device.
A Methodology for Characterization of Large Macro Cells and IP Blocks Considering Process Variations (2008)

Integrated circuits today rely on extensive re-use of pre-characterized IP bocks and macro cells to meet the demand for high performance system on chip (SoC). In this paper we propose a methodology for characterization of IP blocks and macro cells for statistical timing analysis considering process variations and spatial correlations. We develop efficient models for capturing both inter-die and intra-die variations in devices and interconnects. Increasing variability of the process parameters in sub-nanometer designs requires instance-specific characterization of these design blocks. We propose a technique for instance- specific calibration of pre-characterized timing model. The proposed approach was evaluated on large industrial designs of 1.2 M and 3.5 M gates in 65 nm technology and validated against SPICE for accuracy.
DC-HIL/Glycoprotein Nmb Promotes Growth of Melanoma in Mice by Inhibiting the Activation of Tumor-Reactive T Cells (2010)

DC-HIL/glycoprotein nmb (Gpnmb) expressed on antigen-presenting cells attenuates T-cell activation by binding to syndecan-4 (SD-4) on activated T cells. Because DC-HIL/Gpnmb is expressed abundantly by mouse and human melanoma lines, we posited that melanoma-associated DC-HIL/Gpnmb exerts similar inhibitory function on melanoma-reactive T cells. We generated small interfering RNA-transfected B16F10 melanoma cells to completely knock down DC-HIL/Gpnmb expression, with no alteration in cell morphology, melanin synthesis, or MHC class I expression. This knockdown had no effect on B16F10 proliferation in vitro or entry into the cell cycle following growth stimulation, but it markedly reduced the growth of these cells in vivo following their s.c. injection into syngeneic immunocompetent (but not immunodeficient) mice. This reduction in tumor growth was due most likely to an augmented capacity of DC-HIL-knocked down B16F10 cells (compared with controls) to activate melanoma-reactive T cells as documented in vitro and in mice. Whereas DC-HIL knockdown had no effect on susceptibility of melanoma to killing by cytotoxic T cells, blocking SD-4 function enhanced the reactivity of CD8(+) T cells to melanoma-associated antigens on parental B16F10 cells. Using an assay examining the spread to the lung following i.v. injection, DC-HIL-knocked down cells produced lung foci at similar numbers compared with that produced by control cells, but the size of the former foci was significantly smaller than the latter. We conclude that DC-HIL/Gpnmb confers upon melanoma the ability to downregulate the activation of melanoma-reactive T cells, thereby allowing melanoma to evade immunologic recognition and destruction. As such, the DC-HIL/SD-4 pathway is a potentially useful target for antimelanoma immunotherapy.
Prospective Isolation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Expression of an Abcg2/GFP Allele (2006)

Stem cells from a variety of tissues can be identified by a side population (SP) phenotype based on Hoechst 33342 dye efflux. The Abcg2 transporter is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and confers this dye efflux activity. To further explore the relationship among Abcg2 expression, the SP phenotype, and HSC activity, we have generated mice in which a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene was inserted into the Abcg2 locus. In these mice, the majority of bone marrow (BM) cells that expressed the Abcg2/ GFP allele were Ter119(+) erythroid cells. The Abcg2/GFP allele was also expressed in approximately 10% of lineage-negative (Lin(-)) and in 91% of SP cells using stringent conditions for the SP assay. Flow cytometric sorting was used to isolate various Abcg2/GFP(+) BM cell populations that were then tested for HSC activity in transplant assays. There was significant enrichment for HSCs in sorted Lin(-)/ GFP(+) cells, with a calculated HSC frequency of approximately one in 75. There was no HSC activity detected in Lin(-)/GFP(+) cells. Altogether, these results show that Abcg2 is expressed on essentially all murine BM HSCs and can be used as a prospective marker for HSC enrichment.
Mode-locked lasers applied to coherent interactions and phase measurements (2006)

Abstract Coherent interaction of mode locked lasers with 87Rb vapour is studied, for both two- and single-photon transitions. A ‘dark line’ is observed when the repetition rate of the laser is a submultiple of the ground state hyperfine splitting. The dark line resonance can be used for stabilization of mode locked lasers. Such stabilization has an impact on the development of sensors of extreme sensitivity. A new type of intracavity phase sensors is introduced: a purely optical accelerometer. Notes †The wavelength and exact mode frequency of the OPO signal is independent from that of the signal within the phase matching bandwidth: to any fluctuation in pump carrier frequency will correspond an opposite frequency fluctuation in the idler, which leaves the signal unaffected. †It is partly because the spacing of the modes is rigourously constant across the spectrum Citation17 that the beat of every pair of modes adds in phase. †An equivalent interpretation is that the beat note is the differential Doppler shift (2a ν τRT)/2c.
Achieving Load Balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks Through Multiple Gateways (2006)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are evolving to be the key technology of the future. As the WMNs are envisioned to provide high bandwidth broadband service to a large community of users, the Internet gateway (IGW) which acts as a central point of Internet attachment for the mesh routers, it is likely to be a potential bottleneck because of its limited wireless link capacity. We propose a novel technique that elegantly balances the load among the different IGWs in a WMN. We switch the point of attachment of an active source serviced gateway depending on the average queue length at the IGW. The proposed load balancing scheme includes: an initial gateway discovery module, which determines a primary gateway for a mesh router and a load balancing module that rebalances the load among the gateways. We use ns-2 for evaluating our proposed scheme and we observe that the proposed scheme is able to balance the traffic efficiently
Benzoylphenyl Ureas—A New Group of Larvicides Interfering with Chitin Deposition (1977)

The development of selective crop protection compounds based on the interference with chitin deposition in fungi and insects is one of the aims in pesticide design. Polyoxin D and kitazin have been successfully developed along these lines in the field of fungicides some years ago. The benzoylphenyl ureas, which exhibit activity against the larval stages of several insect species by interfering with chitin deposition in the endocuticle and thus with the moulting process, were first introduced in 1972. The study of this new series ultimately led to the development of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl) urea (common name diflubenzuron) as a new selective larvicide with favourable environmental properties. In the present paper this development has been discussed, based on the literature as well as on new results from our laboratories, with main emphasis on: 1) The optimisation of the series by chemical synthesis guided by the study of quantitative structure-activity relationships; 2) The rational development of the soil degradable diflubenzuron from its more persistent predecessors and its metabolic pathways in soil, plants, animals and model ecosystems. 3) The mode of action of diflubenzuron at the histological and molecular biological level.
Planar Translational Cable-Direct-Driven Robots: Hardware Implementation (2003)

We present hardware results of a planar, translational cable-direct-driven robot (CDDR). The motivation behind this work was to present kinematics and statics modeling of the CDDR along with the method to maintain positive cable tension and implement them on CDDR hardware for experimental verification. Only translational CDDR is considered in this article; we attempt to keep zero orientation by control. We ignore gravity here because the end-effector is supported on a base plate with negligible friction. Results are presented and analyzed for two linear profiles and one circular profile.
Pulmonary artery endothelial abnormalities in patients with congenital heart defects and pulmonary hypertension. A correlation of light with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. (1986)

Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were applied to lung biopsy specimens from patients with congenital heart defects, and pulmonary artery endothelium was analyzed for alterations in surface characteristics and intracytoplasmic composition which might reflect abnormal function. The patients were divided into four groups distinguished by increasing severity of pulmonary vascular changes on light microscopy graded both morphometrically and by the Heath-Edwards classification; group 1, normal vasculature or only abnormal extension of muscle into peripheral arteries; group 2, medial hypertrophy; group 3, medial hypertrophy +/- decreased artery number + intimal hyperplasia; group 4, decreased artery number + occlusive intimal hyperplasia. On scanning electron microscopy, the pulmonary artery endothelial surface in group 1 patients was "crinkled" or "corduroy-like", i.e., composed of narrow, even ridges; in groups 2 and 3, it was "cable-like", i.e., comprised of deep intertwined ridges; in group 4 it was "chenille" in texture, i.e., high ridges alternated with low, uneven, and twisted ones. There was significant increased density of surface microvilli in groups 2 and 3 patients when compared to groups 1 and 4 (p less than 0.05 for each comparison). On transmission electron microscopy pulmonary artery endothelial cells in groups 2 and 3 patients were also characterized by a significant increase in the volume density of rough endoplasmic reticulum (p less than 0.01) and microfilament bundles (p less than 0.05). The coarse endothelial surface characteristics associated with pulmonary vascular changes may result in abnormal interaction with blood elements and release of vasoactive substances. The increased microvilli, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and microfilament bundles in patients with moderate but not advanced arterial changes suggest a phase where increased endothelial metabolic function and alterations in the cytoskeleton may also contribute to heightened pulmonary vascular reactivity.
Solution State Structure Determination of Silicate Oligomers by<sup>29</sup>Si NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling (2006)

Evidence for nine new solution state silicate oligomers has been discovered by (29)Si NMR homonuclear correlation experiments of (29)Si-enriched samples. In addition to enhancing signal sensitivity, the isotopic enrichment increases the probability of the (29)Si-(29)Si two-bond scalar couplings that are necessary for the observation of internuclear correlations in 2-D experiments. The proposed assignments are validated by comparisons of experimental and simulated cross-peaks obtained with high digital resolution. The internuclear connectivity indicated by the NMR data suggests that several of these oligomers can have multiple stereoisomers, including conformers and/or diastereomers. The stabilities of these oligomers and their possible stereoisomers have been investigated by electronic structure calculations.
Transduction mechanisms and their applications in micromechanical devices (2003)

Transduction mechanisms and their applications in micromechanical actuators and resonating sensors are presented. They include piezoelectric, dielectric, electro-thermo-mechanic, opto-thermo-mechanic, and thermo-pneumatic mechanisms. Advantages and disadvantages with respect to technology and performance are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>