gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Single Amino Acid Change in Protein Synthesis Initiation Factor 4G Renders Cap-Dependent Translation Resistant to Picornaviral 2A Proteases (1996)

Infection of cells with picornaviruses of the rhino-, aphtho-, and enterovirus groups causes a shut-off in cap-dependent translation of cellular mRNAs but permits cap-independent viral RNA translation to proceed. This shut-off is thought to be mediated in part by the proteolytic cleavage of eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G), although there is evidence to the contrary. Cleavage of eIF4G results in the separation of the eIF4E-binding domain from the ribosome- and helicase-binding domains of the factor, thereby limiting the ability of eIF4G to function in cap-dependent recruitment of mRNAs. Previously we determined the cleavage site within eIF4G targeted by the 2A proteases from human coxsackievirus serotype B4 and human rhinovirus serotype 2 using highly purified eIF4F and recombinant proteases. To examine further the role proteolysis of eIF4G plays in shut-off of translation, we altered the 2A cleavage site in human eIF4G by site-directed mutagenesis. Strikingly, the replacement of one amino acid at the 2A cleavage site resulted in a protein that is approximately 100-fold resistant to cleavage by coxsackievirus 2A protease and 10-50-fold for rhinovirus 2A. Alteration of the cleavage site had no effect on factor activity since the variant was just as active as wild-type eIF4G in restoring cap-dependent translation to an in vitro translation system depleted of endogenous eIF4G. Furthermore, the presence of the variant form of eIF4G rendered in vitro translation reactions resistant to the 2A protease-mediated inhibition of cap-dependent translation initiation. These results support the model that 2A proteases inhibit cap-dependent translation through direct proteolysis of eIF4G.
A Phase-Shifted Gating Technique With Simplified Current Sensing for the Semi-Bridgeless AC–DC Converter (2012)

In this paper, a phase-shifted semi-bridgeless boost power-factor-corrected (PFC) converter is proposed to simplify the current-sensing technique for the semi-bridgeless PFC converter. The converter features high efficiency at light loads and low ac input lines, which is critical to minimize the charger size, charging time, and amount and cost of electricity drawn from the utility. The converter is applicable for automotive levels I and II but is ideally suited for level-I residential charging applications. A detailed converter description and steady-state operation analysis of this converter is presented. Experimental results of a prototype boost converter, converting the universal ac input voltage to 400 V dc at 3.4 kW, are given, and the results are compared with an interleaved boost converter to verify the proof of concept and the reported analytical work.
A Note on the Use of (Gray Level, Local Average Gray Level) Space as an Aid in Threshold Selection. (1979)

Abstract : Various methods have been proposed for improving the gray level histogram of an image so as to make it easier to select thresholds for segmenting the image. This note describes how (gray level, local average gray level) feature space can be used to define improved image histograms. The approach is analogous to that in an earlier note which made use of second-order gray level histograms('cooccurrence matrices') for similar purposes. (Author)
Minimal model for signal-induced Ca2+ oscillations and for their frequency encoding through protein phosphorylation. (1990)

In a variety of cells, hormonal or neurotransmitter signals elicit a train of intracellular Ca2+ spikes. The analysis of a minimal model based on Ca2(+)-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores shows how sustained oscillations of cytosolic Ca2+ may develop as a result of a rise in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) triggered by external stimulation. This rise elicits the release of a certain amount of Ca2+ from an InsP3-sensitive intracellular store. The subsequent rise in cytosolic Ca2+ in turn triggers the release of Ca2+ from a second store insensitive to InsP3. In contrast to the model proposed by Meyer and Stryer [Meyer, T. & Stryer, L. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 5051-5055], the present model, which contains only two variables, predicts the occurrence of periodic Ca2+ spikes in the absence of InsP3 oscillations. Such results indicate that repetitive Ca2+ spikes evoked by external stimuli do not necessarily require the concomitant, periodic variation of InsP3. The model is closely related to that proposed by Kuba and Takeshita [Kuba, K. & Takeshita, S. (1981) J. Theor. Biol. 93, 1009-1031] for Ca2+ oscillations in sympathetic neurones, based on Ca2(+)-induced Ca2+ release. We extend their results by showing the minimal conditions in which the latter process gives rise to periodic behavior and take into account the role of the rise in InsP3 caused by external stimulation. The analysis further shows how signal-induced Ca2+ oscillations might be effectively encoded in terms of their frequency through the phosphorylation of a cellular substrate by a protein kinase activated by cytosolic Ca2+.
A Cluster of ABA-Regulated Genes on<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>BAC T07M07 (1999)

Arabidopsis thaliana BAC T07M07 encoding the abscisic acid-insensitive 4 (ABI4) locus has been sequenced completely. It contains a 95,713-bp insert and 24 predicted genes. Most putative genes were confirmed by gel-based RNA profiling and a cluster of ABA-regulated genes was identified. One of the 24 genes, designated PP2C5, encodes a putative protein phosphatase 2C. The encoded protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its enzyme activity in vitro was confirmed.
Intrinsic program instability in HfO2 RRAM and consequences on program algorithms (2015)

We statistically investigated for the first time resistance stability in HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> RRAM devices in the short (μs to s) transient after switching. We show that, the resistance value of both logic states is not stable after programming and subject to large discrete stochastic fluctuations. The frequency of fluctuation is found to be time-decaying thus hindering its detection in DC condition but considerably affecting throughput and effectiveness of write algorithms. We finally identify this instability as the primary source of the well-known resistance variability and we qualitatively explain it in terms of relaxation oscillation of filament microscopic configuration.
Presumptive neonatal isoerythrolysis in cats (1985)

Entire or partial litters of 4 queens died due to hemolytic anemia within 1 to 2 days of birth. Necropsy and histologic examination of tissues from 6 dead kittens were indicative of neonatal isoerythrolysis. Blood samples from affected kittens were not available for study. Nevertheless, hemolysins and agglutinins in each queen's serum reacted with RBC from 2 sires of the affected litters. These antibodies, identified as anti-A, also reacted with the RBC from 64 random-source cats.
Promoting Sustainable Cities through Bicycle Use (2011)

東日本大震災を契機に，日本人は新しいライフスタイルへの転換を余儀なくされている。新しいライフスタイルの一翼は，自転車が担うことになるであろうと考える。燃料を使わずに移動や運搬が可能な自転車は，さまざまな問題を抱えつつも，被災地で活躍している。被害を受けなかった，あるいは被害が少なかった地域では，自転車を利用することでエネルギーを節約するほか，自転車を被災地に送るという形の支援が行われている。視点を都市に移せば，都市の自転車利用環境は危険に満ちていて，不慣れな自転車通勤者の増加はさまざまな問題を起こしている。そうした問題の原因の多くはわが国の法律や制度にある。しかし，為政者のみならず国民の多くが，原因がつくり出す構造的な問題について正確に現状を把握しておらず，誤った既成概念にとらわれている。本稿ではそうした「勘違い」の構造と実態を明確にし，これからの街づくりに必要だと考える海外の事例を紹介し，その政策や意識について私見を述べた。
Purification and Properties of Guinea Pig Serum Asparaginase<sup>*</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification and Properties of Guinea Pig Serum Asparaginase*Tobias O. Yellin and John C. Wriston, Jr.Cite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 5, 1605–1612Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00869a022https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00869a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 1.45GHz 52-to-162GFLOPS/W variable-precision floating-point fused multiply-add unit with certainty tracking in 32nm CMOS (2012)

High-throughput floating-point computations are key building blocks of 3D graphics, signal processing and high-performance computing workloads [1,2]. Higher floating-point precisions offer improved accuracy at the expense of performance and energy efficiency, with variable-precision floating-point circuits providing run-time precision selection [3]. Real-time certainty tracking enables variable-precision circuits not only to operate at the higher energy efficiency of low-precision datapaths, but also to preserve high-precision accuracy. A variable-precision floating-point unit that performs fused multiply-adds (FMA) with single-cycle throughput while supporting operation in either 1-way single-precision (24b mantissa), 2-way 12b precision or 4-way 6b precision modes is fabricated in 32nm High-k/Metal-gate CMOS [4]. Simultaneous floating-point certainty tracking, preshifted addends, a combined rounding and negation incrementer, efficient reuse of mantissa datapath for multiple parallel lower precision calculations, robust ultra-low voltage circuits, and fine-grained clock gating enable nominal energy efficiency of 52GFLOPS/W (IEEE 32b single-precision, measured at 1.45GHz, 1.05V, 25°C) with a dense layout occupying 0.045mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (Fig. 10.3.7) while achieving: (i) scalable performance up to 3.6GFLOPS (single-precision), 96mW measured at 1.2V; (ii) up to 4× higher throughput of 14.4GFLOPS with variable-precision, while maintaining single-precision accuracy; (iii) fast single-cycle precision reconfigurability; (iv) precision mode-dependent power consumption for up to 40% clock power reduction; (v) near-threshold single-precision operation measured at 300mV, 1.75MHz, 11μW; and, (vi) peak energy efficiency of 321GFLOPS/W (single-precision) and 1.2TFLOPS/W (6b precision) at 325mV, 25°C.
A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Insect Growth Regulators Cyclopentene Analogs of Alkyl (2<i>E</i>,4<i>E</i>)‐Dodecadienoates (1986)

Abstract Starting with the aldehydes 7 and methyl vinyl ketone the title compounds 3a – d and their corresponding 2 Z isomers 16a – d are prepared in three steps: (1) thiazolium salt‐catalyzed addition reaction to yield the diketone 8 , (2) cyclocondensation reaction to give the corresponding cyclopentenone 11 , and (3) Wittig‐Horner reaction. This procedure is used to synthesize the 5‐substituted 2,4‐pentadienoates 3f – i . The results from pesticide screening are also reported.
Risk score for predicting death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with stable angina, based on a large randomised trial cohort of patients (2005)

Objective To derive a risk score for the combination of death from all causes, myocardial infarction, and disabling stroke in patients with stable symptomatic angina who require treatment for angina and have preserved left ventricular function. Design Multivariate Cox regression analysis of data from a large multicentre trial. Setting Outpatient cardiology clinics in western Europe, Israel, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Participants 7311 patients with all required data available. Main outcome measure Death from any cause or myocardial infarction or disabling stroke during a mean follow-up of 4.9 years. Results 1063 patients either died from any cause or sustained myocardial infarction or disabling stroke. The five year risk of this composite ranged from 4% for patients in the lowest tenth of risk to 35% for patients in the highest tenth. The risk score combines 16 routinely available clinical variables (in order of decreasing contribution): age, left ventricular ejection fraction, smoking, white blood cell count, diabetes, casual blood glucose concentration, creatinine concentration, previous stroke, at least one angina attack a week, coronary angiographic findings (if available), lipid lowering treatment, QT interval, systolic blood pressure ≥ 155 mm Hg, number of drugs used for angina, previous myocardial infarction, and sex. Fitting the same model separately to all cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke gave similar results. The risk score did not seem to predict the nature of the event (death in 39%, myocardial infarction in 46%, and disabling stroke in 15%) or the incidence of angiography or revascularisation, which occurred in 29% of patients. Conclusion This risk score is an objective aid in deciding on further management of patients with stable angina with the aim of reducing serious outcome events. The score can also be used in planning future trials.
Un análisis comparativo entre los modelos estadísticos y los modelos dinámicos aplicados a las ciencias sociales como factor de aprendizaje (2000)

A comparative analysis between statistical and dynamic models applied to social sciences. The current tendencies in the use of computerised tools for the interpretation of the information hurtled by social sciences studies have different focuses. Traditionnally, the use of conventional statistical programs such as the SPSS, Statgraphics, Dyane, etc. have provided the investigators with an effective support to analyse and interpret the data and the results of these studies. This work tries to show a complementary line: the systemic analysis applied to social problems. It has been used since Von Bertalanfy initial studies to the moment. It enable us to analyse and interpret the same information in a different way through the use of several tools like dynamic systems. In other way, most of the contributions of the new technologies have changed the investigation procedures, because they have made that the technological innovation be a pushing factor in the transformation process of the economy, social sciences and the information society. The Information Technologies have an important role within the background infrastructures of the society. This work illustrates the comparison between two models of analysis. They have been applied to an specific situation: the advance of the retirement age in the Valencian Community. SPSS software have been used as the software package for the statistic model and Powersim for the dynamic systems work. It has been tried to show the advantages and disadvantages of both of them, with a complementary point of view to guarantee the confidence of the results and their interpretation. Besides, the investigators may manage their process of learning in a more efficient way.
Freeze-drying and advanced food technology. (1975)

Freeze drying and advanced food technology , Freeze drying and advanced food technology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
HLA Type Inference via Haplotypes Identical by Descent (2011)

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes play a major role in adaptive immune response and are used to differentiate self antigens from non-self ones. HLA genes are hypervariable with nearly every locus harboring over a dozen alleles. This variation plays an important role in susceptibility to multiple autoimmune diseases and needs to be matched on for organ transplantation. Unfortunately, HLA typing by serological methods is time consuming and expensive compared to high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. We present a new computational method to infer per-locus HLA types using shared segments identical by descent (IBD), inferred from SNP genotype data. IBD information is modeled as graph where shared haplotypes are explored among clusters of individuals with known and unknown HLA types to identify the latter. We analyze performance of the method in a previously typed subset of the HapMap population, achieving accuracy of 96% in HLA-A, 94% in HLA-B, 95% in HLA-C, 77% in HLA-DR1, 93% in HLA-DQA1, and 90% in HLA-DQB1 genes. We compare our method to a tag SNP-based approach, and demonstrate higher sensitivity and specificity. Our method demonstrates the power of using shared haplotype segments for large-scale imputation at the HLA locus.
LiMIC: Support for High-Performance MPI Intra-node Communication on Linux Cluster (2005)

High performance intra-node communication support for MPI applications is critical for achieving best performance from clusters of SMP workstations. Present day MPI stacks cannot make use of operating system kernel support for intra-node communication. This is primarily due to the lack of an efficient, portable, stable and MPI friendly interface to access the kernel functions. In this paper we attempt to address design challenges for implementing such a high performance and portable kernel module interface. We implement a kernel module interface called LiMIC and integrate it with MVAPICH, an open source MPI over InfiniBand. Our performance evaluation reveals that the point-to-point latency can be reduced by 71% and the bandwidth improved by 405% for 64 KB message size. In addition, LiMIC can improve HPCC effective bandwidth and NAS IS class B benchmarks by 12% and 8%, respectively, on an 8-node dual SMP InfiniBand cluster.
Differential expression of endogenous sialidases of human monocytes during cellular differentiation into macrophages (2005)

Sialidases are enzymes that influence cellular activity by removing terminal sialic acid from glycolipids and glycoproteins. Four genetically distinct sialidases have been identified in mammalian cells. In this study, we demonstrate that three of these sialidases, lysosomal Neu1 and Neu4 and plasma membrane‐associated Neu3, are expressed in human monocytes. When measured using the artificial substrate 2′‐(4‐methylumbelliferyl)‐α‐ d ‐ N ‐acetylneuraminic acid (4‐ M U‐NANA), sialidase activity of monocytes increased up to 14‐fold per milligram of total protein after cells had differentiated into macrophages. In these same cells, the specific activity of other cellular proteins (e.g. β‐galactosidase, cathepsin A and alkaline phosphatase) increased only two‐ to fourfold during differentiation of monocytes. Sialidase activity measured with 4‐MU‐NANA resulted from increased expression of Neu1, as removal of Neu1 from the cell lysate by immunoprecipitation eliminated more than 99% of detectable sialidase activity. When exogenous mixed bovine gangliosides were used as substrates, there was a twofold increase in sialidase activity per milligram of total protein in monocyte‐derived macrophages in comparison to monocytes. The increased activity measured with mixed gangliosides was not affected by removal of Neu1, suggesting that the expression of a sialidase other than Neu1 was present in macrophages. The amount of Neu1 and Neu3 RNAs detected by real time RT‐PCR increased as monocytes differentiated into macrophages, whereas the amount of Neu4 RNA decreased. No RNA encoding the cytosolic sialidase (Neu2) was detected in monocytes or macrophages. Western blot analysis using specific antibodies showed that the amount of Neu1 and Neu3 proteins increased during monocyte differentiation. Thus, the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages is associated with regulation of the expression of at least three distinct cellular sialidases, with specific up‐regulation of the enzyme activity of only Neu1.
A study of EUV resist outgassing characteristics using a novel outgas analysis system (2007)

We have designed a novel outgas analysis system to help gain a better understanding of EUV resist outgassing characteristics. In this paper, we will discuss the performance results of this outgas analysis system which incorporates a stand-alone discharge produced plasma extreme ultra violet (EUV) source of comparatively high power output and various outgas evaluation methods such as quadropole mass spectrometry (QMS), gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and 'witness mirror'. In this analysis system, the GC-MS evaluation set-up is quite unique from the commonly available outgassing systems with the utilization of the 'cold-trap sampling technique'. In this sampling technique; a 'trap box' is used with an cryostat-based internal cooling system used to lower the trap-box temperature to increase the efficiency of the trapping of outgas elements released from the resist wafer fragment during exposure. After exposure, the trap-box is then transferred to a heating chamber where the outgas elements that have adhered is heated and released to a thermal desorption tube for GC-MS analysis. After successive experiments using a polymer resist, we have succeeded in proving the improved efficiency of outgas trapping through the cold-trap method. Compared to the amount of trapped outgas at room temperature, a considerable amount of resist outgas was measured with the trap-box cooled at very low temperatures. With the QMS analysis results, it was also observed that the low molecular-type resist released lesser outgassing elements compared to the polymer resist. This work is partially supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).
Ultra-reliable communications in failure-prone realistic networks (2016)

We investigate the potential of different diversity and interference management techniques to achieve the required downlink SINR outage probability for ultra-reliable communications. The evaluation is performed in a realistic network deployment based on site-specific data from a European capital. Micro and macroscopic diversity techniques are proved to be important enablers of ultra-reliable communications. Particularly, it is shown how a 4×4 MIMO scheme with three orders of macroscopic diversity can achieve the required SINR outage performance. Smaller gains are obtained from interference cancellation, since this technique does not increase the diversity order of the desired signal. In addition, failures or malfunction of the cellular infrastructure are analysed. Among different types of failures evaluated, results show that failures spanning over large geographical areas can have a significant negative performance impact when attempting to support high reliability use cases.