gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Group Key Management Using Proxy Re-encryption for Dynamic Networks (2010)

Decentralized group key management mechanisms offer beneficial solutions to enhance the scalability and reliability of a secure multicast framework by dividing the whole group into subgroups. However, many of the previous decentralized solutions require the trust key distribution center, or don't exploit the broadcast nature of wireless communication. In the study, a novel group key management scheme is proposed, which employs decentralized group membership, doesn't relay on the trust center, and makes use of the wireless broadcast nature to efficiently accommodate dynamic group changes. The main contributions are:(1) we extend a proxy re-encryption to multi-hop environment, and then develop a distributed protocol for key distribution; (2) in local group communication, we use multi-recipients encryption to broadcast key information reducing communication cost; (3) we analyze the proposed scheme with the previous schemes and the analysis result indicates that the proposed scheme has advantages with regard to the rekeying cost, storage overhead and computation efficiency.
Novel fiber-reinforced composite materials based on sustainable geopolymer matrix (2011)

Geopolymers are representing the most promising green and eco-friendly alternative to ordinary Portland cement and cementitious materials, thanks to their proven durability, mechanical and thermal properties. However, despite these features, the poor tensile and bending strengths usually exhibited by geopolymers due to their brittle and ceramic-like nature, can easily lead to catastrophic failure and represent the main drawback limiting the use of those materials in several applications. Fiber reinforced geopolymer composites may be considered a solution to improve flexural strength and fracture toughness. Different types of dispersed short fibers are here investigated as a reinforcing fraction for a geopolymer matrix based on an alkali-activated ladle-slag. It has been demonstrated that both organic and inorganic fibers can lead to a significant flexural strength enhancement. Moreover, the investigated geopolymers exhibit an increase in toughness, thus determining a switch from a brittle failure mode to a more ductile one.
The adhesive strategies of cyprids and development of barnacle-resistant marine coatings (2008)

Over the last decade, approaches to the development of surfaces that perturb settlement and/or adhesion by barnacles have diversified substantially. Although, previously, coatings research focussed almost exclusively on biocidal technologies and low modulus, low surface-free-energy 'fouling-release' materials, novel strategies to control surface colonisation are now receiving significant attention. It is timely, therefore, to review the current 'state of knowledge' regarding fouling-resistant surface characteristics and their mechanisms of action against settling larvae of barnacles. The role of the barnacle in marine fouling is discussed here in the context of its life cycle and the behavioural ecology of its cypris larva. The temporary and permanent adhesion mechanisms of cyprids are covered in detail and an overview of adult barnacle adhesion is presented. Recent legislation has directed academic research firmly towards environmentally inert marine coatings, so the actions of traditional biocides on barnacles are not described here. Instead, the discussion is restricted to those surface modifications that interfere with settlement-site selection and adhesion of barnacle cypris larvae; specifically, textural engineering of surfaces, development of inert 'non-fouling' surfaces and the use of enzymes in antifouling.
Mitigating and Monitoring Program Security Vulnerabilities 1 (2010)

Today’s programs are implemented in a variety of languages and contain serious vulnerabilities which can be exploited to cause security breaches. These vulnerabilities have been exploited in real life and resulted in damages to related stakeholders such as program users. As most vulnerabilities belong to program code, many techniques have been applied to mitigate vulnerabilities before and after program deployment. Unfortunately, there is no comprehensive comparative analysis of different vulnerability mitigation works. As a result, there exists an obscure mapping between the techniques, the addressed vulnerabilities, and the limitations of different approaches. This paper attempts to address these issues. The paper extensively compares and contrasts the existing program security vulnerability mitigation (testing, static analysis, and hybrid analysis) and monitoring techniques. We also discuss other techniques employed to mitigate the most common program security vulnerabilities: secure programming, patching, and program transformation. The survey provides a comprehensive understanding of the current program vulnerability mitigation approaches and challenges as well as their key characteristics and limitations. Moreover, our discussion highlights the open issues and future research directions in the area of program security vulnerability mitigation and monitoring. i Table of Contents
Integrated modular avionics for next generation commercial airplanes (1991)

The goals are objectives of integrated modular avionics (IMA) are discussed. One candidate computing architecture for IMA, the Boeing 777 Airplane Information Management System (AIMS), is presented. The cabinet architecture, fault tolerance characteristics, backplane bus, and functional growth provisions are considered. The integration concepts developed for AIMS represent a first step in real-world application of the IMA technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of flow pattern on the parameter estimates of a simple breathing mechanics model (1995)

The first-order model of breathing mechanics is widely used in clinical practice to assess the viscoelastic properties of the respiratory system. Although simple, this model takes the predominant features of the pressure-flow relationship into account but gives highly systematic residuals between measured and model-predicted variables. To achieve a better fit of the entire data set, an approach hypothesizing deterministic time-variations of model parameters, summarized by information-weighted histograms was recently proposed by Bates and Lauzon. The present study uses flow and pressure data measured in intensive care patients to evaluate the real potential of this approach in clinical practice. Information-weighted histograms of the model parameters, estimated by an on-line identification algorithm, were first constructed by taking into account the parameter percentage standard deviations. Then, the influence of the respiratory flow pattern on the calculated histograms was evaluated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test. The results show that the method gives good reproducibility under stable experimental conditions. In addition, for a given airflow waveform, an increase in respiratory frequency shifts the histograms representing time-varying viscous properties strongly versus lower values, whereas it shifts the histograms representing time-varying elastic properties slightly versus higher values. On the other hand, the same histograms were highly dependent on the airflow waveform, especially for the viscous properties. Even in a limited experimental work, in all the conditions considered, the method provides results which agree well with the physiological knowledge of nonlinear and multicompartment behavior of respiratory mechanics.
MR in renal disease: Importance of cortical–medullary distinction (1987)

Abstract The diagnostic value of MR contrast between renal cortex and medulla (CMC) as an indicator of renal disease was retrospectively studied in 51 patients (9 patients with obstructive disease, 7 with inflammatory disease, 12 with various noninfectious parenchymal medical disease, 5 with vascular disease, 2 with diffuse neoplastic disease, 7 with hemosiderosis, and 10 with renal trauma [blunt trauma and 9 postlithotripsy]). Additionally, normal kidneys from 20 control subjects were studied. On T1‐weighted spin‐echo images (SE 500/30), CMC was visible in all the normal kidneys (19% contrast ± 2% SD). A decrease in or an absence of CMC on T1‐weighted images (SE 500/28) was found to be a sensitive but nonspecific sign in most of the renal diseases studied. CMC was visibly preserved at normal levels in 7 of the 9 kidneys traumatized by lithotripsy and in all 4 kidneys with acute renal obstruction; CMC was above normal in kidneys with hemosiderosis. In conclusion, alteration in CMC is a sensitive but nonspecific indicator of renal disease. Furthermore, normal CMC can be seen in the presence of renal pathology. © 1987 Academic Press, Inc.
Failure of Ubiquitin Proteasome System: Risk for Neurodegenerative Diseases (2014)

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the primary proteolytic quality control system in cells and has an essential function in the nervous system. UPS dysfunction has been linked to neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. The pathology of neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates or inclusion bodies within neurons. The failure or dysregulation of the UPS prevents the degradation of misfolded/aberrant proteins, leading to deficient synaptic function that eventually affects the nervous system. In this review, we discuss the UPS and its physiological roles in the nervous system, its influence on neuronal function, and how UPS dysfunction contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Catalytic Roles for Carbon-Oxygen Hydrogen Bonding in SET Domain Lysine Methyltransferases (2006)

SET domain enzymes represent a distinct family of protein lysine methyltransferases in eukaryotes. Recent studies have yielded significant insights into the structural basis of substrate recognition and the product specificities of these enzymes. However, the mechanism by which SET domain methyltransferases catalyze the transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the lysine epsilon-amine has remained unresolved. To elucidate this mechanism, we have determined the structures of the plant SET domain enzyme, pea ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit methyltransferase, bound to S-adenosyl-L-methionine, and its non-reactive analogs Aza-adenosyl-L-methionine and Sinefungin, and characterized the binding of these ligands to a homolog of the enzyme. The structural and biochemical data collectively reveal that S-adenosyl-L-methionine is selectively recognized through carbon-oxygen hydrogen bonds between the cofactor's methyl group and an array of structurally conserved oxygens that comprise the methyl transfer pore in the active site. Furthermore, the structure of the enzyme co-crystallized with the product epsilon-N-trimethyllysine reveals a trigonal array of carbon-oxygen interactions between the epsilon-ammonium methyl groups and the oxygens in the pore. Taken together, these results establish a central role for carbon-oxygen hydrogen bonding in aligning the cofactor's methyl group for transfer to the lysine epsilon-amine and in coordinating the methyl groups after transfer to facilitate multiple rounds of lysine methylation.
Notes - Reactions of 3-Chloropropionitrile and Alkyl 3-Chloropropionates with Amines (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Reactions of 3-Chloropropionitrile and Alkyl 3-Chloropropionates with AminesS. HeiningerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 6, 704–706Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1957Publication History Published online22 April 2003Published inissue 1 June 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01357a615https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01357a615research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gemcitabine–oxaliplatin plus prednisolone is active in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer for whom docetaxel-based chemotherapy failed (2014)

The GemOx is active and tolerable in patients with metastatic CRPC after docetaxel failure (NCT 01487720).
Nascent Lep inserts into the <i>Escherichia coli</i> inner membrane in the vicinity of YidC, SecY and SecA (2000)

Targeting and assembly of the Escherichia coli inner membrane protein leader peptidase (Lep) was studied using a homologous in vitro targeting/translocation assay. Assembly of full-length Lep was efficient in the co-translational presence of membrane vesicles and hardly occurred when membranes were added post-translationally. This is consistent with the signal recognition particle-dependent targeting of Lep. Crosslinking experiments showed that the hydrophilic region P1 of nascent membrane-inserted Lep 100-mer was in the vicinity of SecA and SecY, whereas the first transmembrane domain H1 was in the vicinity of YidC. These results suggested that YidC, together with the Sec translocase, functions in the assembly of Lep. YidC might be a more generic component in the assembly of inner membrane proteins.
Spontaneous and Ligand-induced Trafficking of CXC-Chemokine Receptor 4 (1998)

A chimeric protein consisting of CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used for studying receptor localization and trafficking in real time in stably transduced HeLa, U-937, CEM, and NIH/3T3 cells. CXCR4-GFP was fully active as a co-receptor in mediating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry. Both CXCR4 and CXCR4-GFP were found to undergo significant spontaneous endocytosis. Only 51.5 +/- 7.8% of receptor molecules were found on the plasma membrane in CD4-positive cells, 43.9 +/- 8.5% were found in CD4-negative HeLa cells, 75.6 +/- 9.7% were found in U-937 cells, 72.5 +/- 7.9 were found in CEM cells, and almost none were found in in NIH/3T3 cells. Stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha induced rapid endocytosis of cell surface receptor molecules. A significant part of CXCR4 was targeted to lysosomes upon binding of the ligands, and recycling of internalized CXCR4 was not efficient. Only about 30% of receptor molecules recycled back to the cell surface in HeLa cells, 5% recycled in U937, and 10% recycled in CEM cells, suggesting that the protective effect of chemokines against HIV infection can be attributed not only to competition for binding but also to depletion of the co-receptor molecules from the cell surface. Envelope glycoprotein gp120 of syncytia-inducing/lymphocyte tropic HIV-1 strains induced rapid internalization of CXCR4 in both CD4-negative and CD4-positive cells, suggesting that gp120 is a high affinity ligand of CXCR4.
The alkali problem in the crystal structure of beta alumina (1968)

Die Struktur von Natrium-tJ-Ah03 wurde mit dreidimensionalen Daten neu bearbeitet.Hierbei interessierte VOl' allem die weniger stabile Natrium-Sauerstoff-Schicht, welche die spinellartigen Blocke del' Struktur verbindet.Del' Strukturvorschlag von BRAGG, GOTTFRIED und WEST (1931) bzw.BEEvERS und Ross (1937) erwies sich als grundlegend richtig.In del' Verbindungsschicht wurde jedoch ein Mangel an Natrium und Sauerstoff festgcstellt.Diesel' Befund macht es moglich, die bei tJ-Ah03 beobachtete Streuung del' Natriumgehalte zu verstehen.In mehreren Verfeinerungszyklen del' Parameter nach del' Methode del' kleinsten Quadrate ergab sich fUr 181 Interferenzen ein R-Faktor von 4,30/0.
AllConcur: Leaderless Concurrent Atomic Broadcast (Extended Version) (2016)

Many distributed systems require coordination between the components involved. With the steady growth of such systems, the probability of failures increases, which necessitates scalable fault-tolerant agreement protocols. The most common practical agreement protocol, for such scenarios, is leader-based atomic broadcast. In this work, we propose AllConcur, a distributed system that provides agreement through a leaderless concurrent atomic broadcast algorithm, thus, not suffering from the bottleneck of a central coordinator. In AllConcur, all components exchange messages concurrently through a logical overlay network that employs early termination to minimize the agreement latency. Our implementation of AllConcur supports standard sockets-based TCP as well as high-performance InfiniBand Verbs communications. AllConcur can handle up to 135 million requests per second and achieves 17x higher throughput than today's standard leader-based protocols, such as Libpaxos. Thus, AllConcur is highly competitive with regard to existing solutions and, due to its decentralized approach, enables hitherto unattainable system designs in a variety of fields.
Prognostic information fusion for constant load systems (2005)

This paper describes a process for aggregating different information sources to estimate remaining equipment life. Specifically, the approach presents a rigorous chain of preprocessing, modeling and postprocessing steps that arrive at the desired prognostic result. The preprocessing steps deal with data reduction, filtering, and signature amplification. The prediction model applies adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to the data. The post-processing steps include recursive trending which implicitly forces the prognostic trend to be confirmed before updated estimates are reported. Prognostic false positives and false negatives are introduced as innovative measures that help in assessing the performance of the approach. The method is illustrated using real-life data from industrial Web paper breakage prediction.
Radar Micro-Doppler Signatures: Processing and Applications (2014)

The micro-Doppler effect appears as Doppler frequency modulations in coherent laser or microwave radar systems induced by mechanical vibrations or rotations of a target or any part on the target. These Doppler modulations become a distinctive signature of a target that incorporates vibrating or rotating structures, and provides evidence of the identity of the target with movement. This book concentrates on the processing and application of radar micro-Doppler signatures in real world situations, providing readers with a working knowledge on various applications of radar micro-Doppler signatures such as detection, tracking and discrimination of vehicles and dismounts, identifying human movement based on radar micro-Doppler signatures, detection and tracking small boats in sea, detection and discrimination complex motion of missile warheads, discrimination of quadrupedal animals, and detection and tracking of flying birds. Topics covered include bistatic/multistatic micro-Doppler signatures, decomposition of micro-Doppler signatures, through-wall radar micro-Doppler signatures and ultrasound micro-Doppler signature studies. Radar Micro-Doppler Signatures: Processing and applications will be of interest to R&D researchers and engineers in government research centers, industries, and universities around the world who work on radar imaging and signal analysis, target feature extraction, and non-cooperative target recognition. Supplementary files are available for this title. To request a copy of these, please email books@theiet.org
MALDI-TOF MS and TaqMan® assisted SNP genotyping of DNA isolated from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPET) (2005)

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPET) from archived clinical samples provide an invaluable source for large-scale molecular genetic studies. Pharmacogenetic investigations that require long-term clinical follow-up data of patients may particularly benefit from FFPET analysis. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and TaqMan-based (Thermus aquaticus polymerase) methodologies have become standard genotyping procedures. However, no data are available on the applicability of MALDI-TOF MS to the genotyping of low quality DNA, as it is usually obtained from FFPET, and data from TaqMan genotyping are limited. We isolated constitutional DNA from 274 FFPET samples (229 patients with breast cancer and 45 patients with benign breast diseases) and genotyped 15 polymorphic loci in 10 genes. Nine SNPs were genotyped by MALDI-TOF MS, and six were genotyped by the TaqMan methodology. We established rates for successful allele assignment for all FFPET, for FFPET prepared prior to 1990, and for FFPET prepared post-1990. Both methodologies showed high success rates ranging between 70.9 and 99.6% (mean: 91.8%) for MALDI-TOF MS and between 82.3 and 97.7% (mean: 91.0%) for TaqMan genotyping. No significant differences in genotyping performances for FFPET prepared prior to 1990 or post-1990 were observed. With the exception of one, all other genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Furthermore, genotype frequencies matched those observed in a German breast cancer population and other Caucasian populations. Our study shows for the first time that MALDI-TOF MS and TaqMan genotyping procedures provide reliable data, and are therefore applicable in studies that require large scale FFPET genotyping.
Breast milk oligosaccharides: effects of 2′-fucosyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose on the adhesion of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella fyris</i> to Caco-2 cells (2018)

<b>Background:</b> It is well known that human milk oligosaccharides play an important role as prebiotics, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infective agents. In the last few years, several studies have been performed using specific oligosaccharides, such as 2'-fucosyllactose and 6'-sialylactose, to evaluate their biological functions. <b>Objectives:</b> The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anti-adhesive effect of the above oligosaccharides on <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella fyris</i>. <b>Methods:</b> Adhesion experiments were performed in the presence of 2'-fucosyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose as potential inhibitors of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella fyris</i> adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The oligosaccharides were used at different concentrations and the adhesion experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated at least three times. <b>Results:</b> A significant reduction of <i>Escherichia coli</i> adhesion was observed in the presence of 2'-fucosyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose at the human milk concentration. On the contrary, no positive effects were observed in both oligosaccharides on <i>Salmonella firis</i>. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results suggest that the supplementation in infant formulas of 2'-fucosyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose, actually commercially available and absent in cow milk, could play positive effects in artificially fed infants.