gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Olfactory neurons in vitro show phenotypic orientation in epithelial spheres (1994)

Production and differentiation of olfactory neurons occur in spherical, multi-neuronal aggregates that form in cultures where dissociated newborn rat nasal cells are plated on to CNS glial cells. We show here that neuronal cell bodies were primarily located in the peripheral layers of the spheres, and almost every neuronal sphere contained one or several non-cellular central cavities. The dendrite-like processes of the olfactory neurons, immunostained for neuron-specific tubulin or the olfactory marker protein, were aligned and directed towards the central cavities. Olfactory neurons in the intact animal show a similar relationship with the nasal lumen. Non-neuronal cells formed multiple layers centrally, bordering the cavities. This degree of phenotypic re-creation is unusual in a dissociated monolayer culture system.
Aberrant mucosal wound repair in the absence of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (2004)

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a cationic serine protease inhibitor with anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties found in large quantities in mucosal fluids, including saliva. SLPI is expressed during cutaneous wound healing, however, its role in oral wound repair is unknown. We have used a novel approach involving a murine buccal mucosal acute wound model to investigate the role of SLPI in oral healing. In parallel to the observed cutaneous healing phenotype, an absence of SLPI results in markedly impaired oral wound healing associated with increased inflammation and raised elastase activity. Moreover, matrix deposition was decreased, while MMP activity was enhanced in the oral SLPI null wounds suggesting deregulated proteolysis. Intriguingly, regardless of genotype, reduced collagen deposition was observed in oral compared to dermal wounds, associated with reduced TGF-beta expression and decreased fibroblast collagen expression in vitro. We propose that SLPI is a pivotal endogenous factor necessary for optimal tissue repair including intra-oral wound healing. In addition, our model provides a unique opportunity to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the differences between dermal scarring and oral scar-free healing.
National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (2002)

The objective of the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) is to support the vitality of the human resource base of science, mathematics, and engineering in the United States and to reinforce its diversity. Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) manages the GRFP application and review processes under contract to NSF.
A Review of NMDA Receptors and the Phencyclidine Model of Schizophrenia (1996)

Current models of drug-induced psychosis insufficiently describe the symptoms of schizophrenia. Phencyclidine-induced psychosis is a model that more completely reflects the pathophysiology of the disease. By decreasing glutamatergic neurotransmission, phencyclidine decreases gamma-aminobutyric acid release from the nucleus accumbens, striatum, and hippocampus (manifested by MK-801); may inhibit tonic release of dopamine from the nucleus accumbens and striatum, resulting in increased dopamine phasic reactivity; and decreases long-term potentiation. Glutamatergic system dysfunction may be involved, but pharmacologic manipulation has not revealed a clear mechanism of this dysfunction.
Prescribed language standards and foreign language classroom practice (2000)

Preview this article: Prescribed language standards and foreign language classroom practice, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/aral.23.2.02mit-1.gif
Summarizing spoken and written conversations (2008)

In this paper we describe research on summarizing conversations in the meetings and emails domains. We introduce a conversation summarization system that works in multiple domains utilizing general conversational features, and compare our results with domain-dependent systems for meeting and email data. We find that by treating meetings and emails as conversations with general conversational features in common, we can achieve competitive results with state-of-the-art systems that rely on more domain-specific features.
Diffusive Mass Transport Coefficients Are Not Constant During a Single Exchange In Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (1996)

Mass transport coefficients usually are assumed to be constant during single 6 hr exchanges of dialysis fluid in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). To check this assumption, the authors estimated diffusive mass transport coefficients, KBD, for five low molecular weight solutes in 34 dwell studies with glucose 3.86% (20 studies), glucose 2.27% (nine studies), and glucose 1.36% (nine studies) dialysis fluids for time periods 3-30, 30-60, 60-90, 90-120, 120-180, 180-240, and 240-360 min. Dialysate volume and the rate of fluid reabsorption were measured using radiolabeled serum albumin (RISA) as a marker. Convective transport was described using a sieving coefficient of 0.55 for all solutes. The KBD values were constant for sodium, but higher at the beginning (3-30 min) than at the end (180-360 min) of the exchanges by an average of approximately 50% for urea, creatinine, and glucose, and by approximately 120% for potassium with all three dialysis fluids. This initial increment did not depend upon the concentration of glucose in dialysis fluid, except for urea. The steady state value of KBD was reached at 120 min for all solutes. The time patterns of KBD values for urea, creatinine, glucose, and potassium were well described by an exponential decay function, with the decay constant approximately 0.02 min-1. The patterns were similar for electrically neutral solutes, but different for electrolytes. The initial increments in KBD values mean that clearances during short dwell time (30-60 min) may be higher by 5-15% than clearances calculated from the steady state KBD values.
Properties of Sputtered Tungsten Silicide for MOS Integrated Circuit Applications (1980)

Feasibility of the use of as gate electrode and electrical interconnecting material has been investigated. Properties of as‐deposited and annealed thin films of have been studied to determine their compatibility with integrated circuit fabrication processes. Thin films of were deposited by sputtering on oxidized silicon, with and without a coating of poly‐Si. As‐deposited films were amorphous, with a resistivity of . Upon annealing above 900°C in , the films became polycrystalline. The resistivity decreased and the average grain size increased as a function of time and temperature. A minimum resistivity of 10−4 Ω‐cm was obtained. Chemical reagents commonly used for cleaning and etching, when used with, showed behavior similar to poly‐Si. Al contacts to were stable up to 600°C for structure and up to 550°C for structure. These are significantly higher than the temperatures commonly used for sintering Al contacts to Si. Thermal oxidation of films in steam in the temperature range of 1000°–1200°C was performed and good quality was grown. Finally gate MOS devices were fabricated and characterized.
Liquid lens technology: principle of electrowetting based lenses and applications to imaging (2005)

The principle of liquid lenses based on electrowetting are presented, with emphasis on the key features that enables to produce a useful component for complex optical systems: equality of the densities of the two non miscible liquids, centering mean for the liquid-liquid interface which allows the optical axis to remain always stable, choice of the suitable insulating material for the supporting body etc... We presented experimental results discussed in the light of a modelization.
Feasibility of Identifying Pancreatic Cancer Based on Serum Metabolomics (2011)

Further studies will be required to study the effects of jaundice and diabetes. A more comprehensive metabolomic profile will be evaluated using mass spectrometry.
Atomic Layer Deposition Encapsulated Activated Carbon Electrodes for High Voltage Stable Supercapacitors (2014)

Operating voltage enhancement is an effective route for high energy density supercapacitors. Unfortunately, widely used activated carbon electrode generally suffers from poor electrochemical stability over 2.5 V. Here we present atomic layer deposition (ALD) encapsulation of activated carbons for high voltage stable supercapacitors. Two-nanometer-thick Al2O3 dielectric layers are conformally coated at activated carbon surface by ALD, well-maintaining microporous morphology. Resultant electrodes exhibit excellent stability at 3 V operation with 39% energy density enhancement from 2.5 V operation. Because of the protection of surface functional groups and reduction of electrolyte degradation, 74% of initial voltage was maintained 50 h after full charge, and 88% of capacitance was retained after 5000 cycles at 70 °C accelerated test, which correspond to 31 and 17% improvements from bare activated carbon, respectively. This ALD-based surface modification offers a general method to enhance electrochemical stability of carbon materials for diverse energy and environmental applications.
<title>Helmet-mounted display targeting symbology color coding: an air-to-air scenario evaluation</title> (1999)

Laboratory and flight test evaluations have consistently demonstrated the potential for helmet-mounted display (HMD) presented information to enhance air combat performance. The Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL's) Helmet-Mounted Sight Plus (HMS+) program seeks to provide further enhancement by enabling the presentation of multi-color symbology and sensor imagery. To take proper advantage of color-capable HMDs, systematic evaluations must be conducted to identify the best color-coding techniques. The experiment described here is the second we have conducted to address this need. The first experiment identified the better of two competing color coding strategies for air-to-air weapons symbology and indicated that pilots preferred the color codes over an otherwise equivalent monochrome baseline. The present experiment compared the 'winning' color code to the monochrome baseline during trials of a complex multi-player air-to-air weapon delivery scenario. Twelve fighter pilots representing three different countries (U.S., U.K., and Sweden) flew simulator trials that included target identification, intercept, attack, missile launch, and defensive maneuvering tasks. Participants' subjective feedback and performance data indicated a preference for color coded symbology.
Catching Remote Administration Trojans (<i>RATs</i>) (2007)

Abstract A Remote Administration Trojan ( RAT ) allows an attacker to remotely control a computing system and typically consists of a server invisibly running and listening to specific TCP / UDP ports on a victim machine as well as a client acting as the interface between the server and the attacker. The accuracy of host and/or network‐based methods often employed to identify RATs highly depends on the quality of Trojan signatures derived from static patterns appearing in RAT programs and/or their communications. Attackers may also obfuscate such patterns by having RATs use dynamic ports, encrypted messages, and even changing Trojan banners. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive framework termed RAT Catcher , which reliably detects and ultimately blocks RAT malicious activities even when Trojans use multiple evasion techniques. Employing network‐based methods and functioning in inline mode to inspect passing packets in real time, our RAT Catcher collects and maintains status information for every connection and conducts session correlation to greatly improve detection accuracy. The RAT Catcher re‐assembles packets in each data stream and dissects the resulting aggregation according to known Trojan communication protocols, further enhancing its traffic classification. By scanning not only protocol headers but also payloads, RAT Catcher is a truly application‐layer inspector that performs a range of corrective actions on identified traffic including alerting, packet dropping, and connection termination. We show the effectiveness and efficiency of RAT Catcher with experimentation in both laboratory and real‐world settings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
<i>ansa</i>-Bis(fluorenyl)neodymium Catalysts for Cyclocopolymerization of Ethylene with Butadiene (2009)

Metallocene borohydride complexes {(Me2Si(C13H8)2)Nd(μ-BH4)[(μ-BH4)Li(THF)]}2 (1) and (Me2Si(2,7-tBu2C13H6)2)Nd(BH4)(μ-BH4)Li(ether)3 (2) were prepared by reaction of the dilithium salts of silylene-bridged bis(fluorenyl) ligands with the borohydride precursor Nd(BH4)3(THF)3. The solid state structures of dimeric 1 and monomeric 2 ate complexes were established by X-ray diffraction studies. We showed that these complexes used in combination with (nBu)(nOct)Mg are highly efficient for cyclocopolymerization of ethylene with butadiene leading to a new class of elastomers. Catalyst 1/(nBu)(nOct)Mg provided elastomers with a polyethylene skeleton incorporating unsaturated groups (trans double bond and pendant vinyl units) and 1,2-cyclohexane rings. These rings are formed via an intramolecular cyclization which occurs with a high trans selectivity. The investigation of catalyst 2/(nBu)(nOct)Mg has revealed that the tertio-butyl substitution in positions 2 and 7 of fluorenyl ligands influenced the microstructure of copolymers since in addition to 1,2-cyclohexane rings, 1,4-cyclohexane rings were formed. This original microstructure was characterized using 2D NMR 1H−1H and 1H−13C with direct and long-range correlations. Mechanisms of stereoselective formation of trans-1,2-cyclohexane and trans-1,4-cyclohexane rings were fully investigated.
Word Embeddings for Morphologically Complex Languages (2017)

Recent methods for learning word embeddings, like GloVe or Word2-Vec, succeeded in spatial representation of semantic and syntactic relations. We extend GloVe by introducing separate vectors for base form and grammatical form of a word, using morphosyntactic dictionary for this. This allows vectors to capture properties of words better. We also present model results for word analogy test and introduce a new test based on WordNet.
Immunohistochemical localisation of thrombospondin in human megakaryocytes and platelets. (1983)

Thrombospondin (TSP) is a glycoprotein released from platelets after thrombin-induced aggregation. Endothelial culture studies suggest that it or a similar protein may also be produced by endothelial cells. The origin of the glycoprotein is therefore of some importance. This report concerns the immunohistochemical localisation of TSP within megakaryocytes and platelets. TSP would appear to be a primary platelet protein of megakaryocyte origin, rather than a substance taken up by the platelet in the circulation. The relation of this molecule to the endothelial glycoprotein remains to be established, but our preliminary immunohistochemical studies suggest that the molecule is also located in vascular endothelium.
Suppression of Microglial Activation Is Neuroprotective in a Mouse Model of Human Retinitis Pigmentosa (2014)

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a photoreceptor-degenerative disease caused by various mutations and is characterized by death of rod photoreceptor cell followed by gradual death of cone photoreceptors. The molecular mechanisms that lead to rod and cone death are not yet fully understood. Neuroinflammation contributes to the progression of many chronic neurodegenerative disorders. However, it remains to be determined how microglia contribute to photoreceptor disruption in RP. In this study, we explored the role of microglia as a contributor to photoreceptor degeneration in the rd10 mouse model of RP. First, we demonstrated that microglia activation was an early alteration in RP retinas. Inhibition of microglia activation by minocycline reduced photoreceptor apoptosis and significantly improved retinal structure and function and visual behavior in rd10 mice. Second, we identified that minocycline exerted its neuroprotective effects through both anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Third, we found that Cx3cr1 deficiency dysregulated microglia activation and subsequently resulted in increased photoreceptor vulnerability in rd10 mice, suggesting that the Cx3cl1/Cx3cr1 signaling pathway might protect against microglia neurotoxicity. We concluded that suppression of neuroinflammatory responses could be a potential treatment strategy aimed at improving photoreceptor survival in human RP.
Crystallization of ClfA and ClfB fragments: the fibrinogen-binding surface proteins of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1999)

Recombinant constructs encoding the fibrinogen-binding domains of ClfA and ClfB from Staphylococcus aureus have been crystallized. ClfA was crystallized in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit-cell parameters a = 39.58, b = 81.39 and c = 112.65 A. A complete data set was recorded to 2.1 A resolution and had a Vm of 2. 3 A3 Da-1 with 46.5% solvent, suggesting one molecule per asymmetric unit. Co-crystals of ClfA with the 17 amino-acid C-terminal peptide of fibrinogen gamma-chain diffracted to 2.1 A resolution and had unit-cell parameters a = 39.11, b = 81.39 and c = 109.51 A in the space group P212121. ClfB was crystallized in the tetragonal space group P41212 or P43212 with unit-cell parameters a = 96.31, b = 96. 31 and c = 84.13 A and diffracted to 2.45 A resolution. The estimated Vm of 2.6 A3 Da-1 with 53% solvent indicated one molecule in the asymmetric unit.
Automatic tag recommendation for metadata annotation using probabilistic topic modeling (2013)

The increase of the complexity and advancement in ecological and environmental sciences encourages scientists across the world to collect data from multiple places, times, and thematic scales to verify their hypotheses. Accumulated over time, such data not only increases in amount, but also in the diversity of the data sources spread around the world. This poses a huge challenge for scientists who have to manually search for information. To alleviate such problems, ONEMercury has recently been implemented as part of the DataONE project to serve as a portal for accessing environmental and observational data across the globe. ONEMercury harvests metadata from the data hosted by multiple repositories and makes it searchable. However, harvested metadata records sometimes are poorly annotated or lacking meaningful keywords, which could affect effective retrieval. Here, we develop algorithms for automatic annotation of metadata. We transform the problem into a tag recommendation problem with a controlled tag library, and propose two variants of an algorithm for recommending tags. Our experiments on four datasets of environmental science metadata records not only show great promises on the performance of our method, but also shed light on the different natures of the datasets.
Biomedical materials and devices (1989)

This conference reports on how biomedical materials and devices are undergoing important changes that require interdisciplinary approaches, innovation expertise, and access to sophisticated preparative and analytical equipment and methodologies. The interaction of materials scientists with biomedical, biotechnological, bioengineering and clinical scientists in the last decade has resulted in major advances in therapy. New therapeutic modalities and bioengineering methods and devices for the continuous removal of toxins or pathologic products present in arthritis, atherosclerosis and malignancy are presented. Novel monitoring and controlled drug delivery systems and discussions of materials such as blood or plasma substitutes, artificial organs, and bone graft substitutes are discussed.
Capacity of MIMO systems based on measured wireless channels (2002)

We measure the capacity of multiple-input multiple-output radio systems in microcellular environments. We use a new data evaluation method that allows to evaluate the cumulative distribution function of the capacity from a single measurement. This method is based on an extraction of the parameters of the multipath components and, thereafter, a synthetic variation of their phases. In the analyzed environments, we find capacities to be about 30% smaller than would be anticipated from an idealized model. In addition, the frequency selectivity of the channel makes the CDF of the capacity steeper and, thus, increases the outage capacity, compared with the frequency-flat case, but the influence on the mean capacity is small.
Insights into TOR function and rapamycin response: Chemical genomic profiling by using a high-density cell array method (2005)

With the advent of complete genome sequences, large-scale functional analyses are generating new excitement in biology and medicine. To facilitate genomewide functional analyses, we developed a high-density cell array with quantitative and automated readout of cell fitness. Able to print at > x 10 higher density on a standard microtiter plate area than currently possible, our cell array allows single-plate screening of the complete set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene-deletion library and significantly reduces the amount of small molecules and other materials needed for the study. We used this method to map the relation between genes and cell fitness in response to rapamycin, a medically important natural product that targets the eukaryotic kinase Tor. We discuss the implications for pharmacogenomics and the uncharted complexity in genotype-dependent drug response in molecularly targeted therapies. Our analysis leads to several basic findings, including a class of gene deletions that confer better fitness in the presence of rapamycin. This result provides insights into possible therapeutic uses of rapamycin/CCI-779 in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases), and cautions the possible existence of similar rapamycin-enhanceable mutations in cancer. It is well established in yeast that although TOR2 has a unique rapamycin-insensitive function, TOR1 and TOR2 are interchangeable in the rapamycin-sensitive functions. We show that even the rapamycin-sensitive functions are distinct between TOR1 and TOR2 and map the functional difference to a approximately 120-aa region at the N termini of the proteins. Finally, we discuss using cell-based genomic pattern recognition in designing electronic or optical biosensors.
Maternity support workers and safety in maternity care in England. (2014)

Errors in health care may lead to poor outcomes or even death. In maternity care the issue is more acute as most women and babies are healthy--and mistakes can have devastating effects. In the last 20 years 'patient' safety in maternity care has received significant attention in terms of both policy and research. With few exceptions, the resultant publications have been aimed at health service managers or registered health professionals. However a substantial section of the workforce now consists of support workers who may receive minimal training. This article aims to serve as a reminder that everyone is responsible for the safety of maternity care, and the learning needs of unregistered care staff require attention to strengthen safety defences.