gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internet Tools Access Administrative Data at the University of Delaware. (1995)

The introduction of NCSA’s Mosaic browser ignited a fire of interest that is changing the face of the Internet and the way we deal with networked information. The scramble for commercial success on the Internet has brought many technology vendors into the Web trade, resulting in the development of new tools and methods. As these advances define the role of commerce on the Internet, they will also change the way we conduct routine business on our networked campuses.
Determination of Tetrandrine with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats (1997)

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was described for quantitating tetrandrine in rat plasma. The separation was achieved on a liquid chromatography reversed phase 5C18-AR column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-diethylamine (20:80:0.1, v/v/v. pH 3.0-3.5 adjusted with perchloric acid). The detection limit was 0.03μtg/m1 for tetrandrine at a wavelength of 235 nm. The plasma concentration time profile of tetrandrine in rat was suited to a two-compartment open model at a dose of 13mg/kg, intravenously. The elimination half-life and the total body clearance of tetrandrine were 42.65 mm and 0.36 ml/mm/kg in rat.
Comparison of Cu-BTC and zeolite 13X for adsorbent based CO2 separation (2009)

A series of sorption isotherms of CO2, CH4 and N2 of a metal organic framework (Cu-BTC) were measured at 0 to 15 bar and at 25 and 105 ∘C. Cu-BTC showed much higher working capacity than the benchmark zeolite 13X in pressure swing adsorption at 25 ∘C, and higher CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities at a higher pressure range (>1.0 bar) with lower ene rgy requirement for regeneration. Cu-BTC was stable in O2 at 25 ∘C. The CO2 adsorption capacity declined after water sorption.
Optimizing the radiation pattern of sparse periodic two-dimensional arrays (1996)

A method for reducing the number of elements in a 2-D array while minimizing degradation of the beam forming properties is described. The method relies on selecting a different arrangement of elements when the array is transmitting energy and when the array is receiving energy. The transmit and receive aperture functions are chosen to minimize the difference between the effective aperture of the sparse array and the effective aperture of a desired dense array. In a companion paper [see ibid vol. 43, pp. 7-14, 1996], the design of sparse linear arrays using the effective aperture method was described. Here, we extend this method to the design of 2-D arrays. Comparisons of the radiation patterns of a dense 2-D array and sparse 2-D arrays with random and periodic element spacing are given. Using the effective aperture method, we show that the number of elements in a 64/spl times/64 2-D array can be reduced by more than six times, and the elements in a 128/spl times/128 array can be reduced by more than 12 times, with little effect on the beam forming properties of the arrays.
Bandwidth improvement for crossed-dipole type antennas using a tuning plate (2005)

Significant bandwidth improvement is achieved on the crossed-dipole antenna using the tuning plates. The tuning plate was tested on the foursquare and fourpoint antennas. The test models demonstrate that a tuning plate increases the bandwidth of crossed-dipole type antennas up to 25% over that for the same antenna without the tuning plate. The foursquare and fourpoint antennas with the tuning plate are good candidates for dual-polarized, multi-functional antenna applications and for MIMO systems.
Epistatic connections between microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor and endothelin signaling in Waardenburg syndrome and other pigmentary disorders (2007)

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an inherited sensorineural deafness condition in humans caused by melanocyte deficiencies in the inner ear and forelock. Mutation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is known to produce WS type IIA whereas mutations of either endothelin (EDN) or its receptor endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) produce WS type IV. However, a link between MITF haploinsufficiency and EDN signaling has not yet been established. Here we demonstrate mechanistic connections between EDN and MITF and their functional importance in melanocytes. Addition of EDN to cultured human melanocytes stimulated the phosphorylation of MITF in an EDNRB-dependent manner, which was completely abolished by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibition. The expression of melanocyte-specific MITF mRNA transcripts was markedly augmented after incubation with EDN1 and was followed by increased expression of MITF protein. Up-regulated expression of MITF was found to be mediated via both the mitogen-activated protein kinase-p90 ribosomal S6 kinase-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and cAMP-protein kinase A-CREB pathways. In addition, EDNRB expression itself was seen to be dependent on MITF. The functional importance of these connections is illustrated by the ability of EDN to stimulate expression of melanocytic pigmentation and proliferation markers in an MITF-dependent fashion. Collectively these data provide mechanistic and epistatic links between MITF and EDN/EDNRB, critical melanocytic survival factors and WS genes.
Increased Frequency of the Extended or Ancestral Haplotype B44-SC3O-DR4 in Autism (1995)

Autism likely results from several different etiologies or a combination of pathological mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that this disorder may be associated with immune abnormalities, pathogen-autoimmune processes and perhaps the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In a preliminary study we found that 22 autistic subjects had an increased frequency of the extended or ancestral MHC haplotype B44-SC3O-DR4. The current study attempted to confirm this observation by studying 23 additional randomly chosen autistic subjects, most of their parents and 64 unrelated normal subjects. In agreement with earlier findings B44-SC3O-DR4 was associated with autism. In combining the data from the original and current studies, B44-SC3O-DR4 or a substantial fragment of this extended haplotype was represented in 40% of the autistic subjects and/or their mothers as compared to about 2% of the unrelated subjects. It is concluded that one or more genes of the MHC is (are) involved in the development of some cases of autism.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is elevated in serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2000)

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its specific inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by zymography in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In contrast to patients with inflammatory diseases, MMP-9 levels were not elevated in CSF of ALS patients. In serum, however, compared to healthy donors, MMP-9 was significantly (p = 0.0003) increased up to levels as high as those of viral meningoencephalitis (VM) or bacterial meningitis (BM) patients. MMP-9 levels remained elevated during long-term observation of ALS patients. In the absence of an inflammatory response, the results indicate that the increase of MMP-9 in serum of ALS patients might be caused by upregulation of MMP-9 in denervated muscles or in degenerating peripheral nerves following motor neurone loss.
New catalysts for the polymerization of cyclic olefins (1995)

Abstract Various routes to high T g thermoplastic materials based on the Ziegler‐Natta catalyzed polymerization of norbornene‐type monomers are described. These routes involve both ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and addition polymerization. New catalysts, and a new catalytically‐active metal (cobalt), for both ROMP and the addition homopolymerization of norbornene‐type monomers are reported.
Ligand Perception, Activation, and Early Signaling of Plant Steroid Receptor Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1 (2013)

Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) belong to a large group of cell surface proteins involved in many aspects of plant development and environmental responses in both monocots and dicots. Brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1), a member of the LRR X subfamily, was first identified through several forward genetic screenings for mutants insensitive to brassinosteroids (BRs), which are a class of plant-specific steroid hormones. Since its identification, BRI1 and its homologs had been proved as receptors perceiving BRs and initiating BR signaling. The co-receptor BRI1-associated kinase 1 and its homologs, and other BRI1 interacting proteins such as its inhibitor BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (BKI1) were identified by genetic and biochemical approaches. The detailed mechanisms of BR perception by BRI1 and the activation of BRI1 receptor complex have also been elucidated. Moreover, several mechanisms for termination of the activated BRI1 signaling were also discovered. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances on the mechanism of BRI1 phosphorylation and activation, the regulation of its receptor complex, the structure basis of BRI1 ectodomain and BR recognition, its direct substrates, and the termination of the activated BRI1 receptor complex. [Figure: see text] Xuelu Wang (Corresponding author).
Interface Design for Single-Handed Use of Small Devices (2006)

Mobile devices are poised to become the world’s most pervasive modern convenience, yet the technology and user distribution have advanced much faster than solutions for addressing the multitude of usability challenges inherent in portable computing. The concurrent trends of shrinking device forms and increasing feature sets alone compromise the ease and expressiveness of interaction and presentation, while at the same time, mobile environments place increased demands on users’ mental and physical resources. Among the unique constraints of mobile computing, my thesis work focuses the physical demands of mobility, and in particular scenarios that find users with only one hand available. My research considers the challenge of onehanded device use from two perspectives: 1) foundations investigating fundamental characteristics and limitations of single-thumb interaction with small devices; and 2) applications - using this knowledge in developing effective solutions for the input, access and management of information with a single hand.
Spatial and Temporal Control of Hyperthermia Using Real Time Ultrasonic Thermal Strain Imaging with Motion Compensation, Phantom Study (2015)

Mild hyperthermia has been successfully employed to induce reversible physiological changes that can directly treat cancer and enhance local drug delivery. In this approach, temperature monitoring is essential to avoid undesirable biological effects that result from thermal damage. For thermal therapies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been employed to control real-time Focused Ultrasound (FUS) therapies. However, combined ultrasound imaging and therapy systems offer the benefits of simple, low-cost devices that can be broadly applied. To facilitate such technology, ultrasound thermometry has potential to reliably monitor temperature. Control of mild hyperthermia was previously achieved using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on thermocouple measurements. Despite accurate temporal control of heating, this method is limited by the single position at which the temperature is measured. Ultrasound thermometry techniques based on exploiting the thermal dependence of acoustic parameters (such as longitudinal velocity) can be extended to create thermal maps and allow an accurate monitoring of temperature with good spatial resolution. However, in vivo applications of this technique have not been fully developed due to the high sensitivity to tissue motion. Here, we propose a motion compensation method based on the acquisition of multiple reference frames prior to treatment. The technique was tested in the presence of 2-D and 3-D physiological-scale motion and was found to provide effective real-time temperature monitoring. PID control of mild hyperthermia in presence of motion was then tested with ultrasound thermometry as feedback and temperature was maintained within 0.3°C of the requested value.
The proteins of rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) soluble in salt solutions (1968)

The salt-soluble proteins from rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), variety Nugget, have been extracted with 0.01 M sodium pyrophosphate (pH 7.0) and with 10% sodium chloride, and subsequently separated into a number of components. There are two major proteins in the pyrophosphate salt extract, one is neutral (the 12 S protein) and the other is basic (the 1.7 S protein). They constitute 30% of the nitrogen in the extract. There are nine other minor components in this extract. The 10% sodium chloride extract contains a water-insoluble protein (the 12 S protein) which constitutes 21% of the nitrogen in the extract and appears to be similar in properties to the 12 S protein in the pyrophosphate salt extract. This protein, upon sedimentation analysis in 6 M urea solution and in 0.1 M glycine–HCl buffer (pH 2.2), appeared to be an aggregate of units of smaller molecular weight.
Application of Photoshop and Scion Image analysis to quantification of signals in histochemistry, immunocytochemistry and hybridocytochemistry. (2006)

The method described in this paper can also be applied to simultaneous detection of different signals on the same section or different parameters (area of particles, number of particles, etc.) when the "Analyze particles" tool of the Scion program is used.
Transforming growth factor-?1 incorporated during setting in calcium phosphate cement stimulates bone cell differentiationin vitro (2000)

Growth stimulation of periimplant tissues by growth factors like transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) may increase the indication for and success of implant use. Calcium phosphate as a material for implants or for coating of implants is known for its good biologic interaction with bone. Therefore, calcium phosphate implants combined with TGF-beta1 might improve osseointegration. In this study we hypothesise that the addition of recombinant human TGF-beta1 (rhTGF-beta1) to calcium phosphate cement (CPC) affects the differentiation of bone cells growing on the cement layer. rhTGF-beta1 incorporated during setting in a CPC layer at 20 ng rhTGF-beta1/60 mg cement was found to be gradually released into tissue culturing medium leading to a 20% release after 24 h. Two cell populations were obtained from collagenase-treated fragments of adult rat long bones: preosteoblastic cells, which were released by the collagenase treatment, and osteoblastic cells, which grew from the collagenase-stripped bone fragments. Both cell populations were tested for their osteoblastic characteristic phenotype by measuring their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after vitamin D treatment and cyclic AMP after parathyroid hormone stimulation. After preculture the cells were plated on a layer of CPC containing 0 (control), 10, or 20 ng rhTGF-beta1/60 mg CPC. Bone cell differentiation was analyzed after 10 days by measuring the ALP activity, as well as the protein content of the cell layer. Incorporation of rhTGF-beta1 in the CPC did not change the ALP activity in osteoblastic cells, but a significant (analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance) increase was observed in preosteoblastic cells. Incorporation of 10 ng of rhTGF-beta1 in 60 mg of CPC increased the ALP activity in preosteoblastic cells by threefold and 20 ng rhTGF-beta1/60 mg CPC increased it by fivefold. The total protein content was not affected by rhTGF-beta1 in either of the cell populations. We conclude that rhTGF-beta1 incorporated during setting in CPC stimulates the differentiation of preosteoblastic cells in vitro. These results provide a basis for further studies on the use of this combination as an implant material in vivo.
Electroless Coating of Silver on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (2012)

Silver reinforced with carbon nanotubes, instead of graphite, would increase both the electrical conductivity, hardness and wear resistance of the electrical brush materials. The effective utilization of carbon nanotubes in the Ag/CNT composite depends strongly on its uniform distribution and strong interfacial adhesion to the silver matrix and thus demands for its surface modification. In order to carry out the surface modification of carbon nanotubes, electroless coating was given to them after liquid phase oxidation, sensitization and activation process. The room-temperature chemical treatment results in a nominally complete coating over the entire outer surface of multiwall carbon nanotube. The surface morphology of the carbon nanotubes after each step has been studied using TGA, DSC, XRD, FTIR and SEM.
Frequent occurrence of BRCA2 linkage in Icelandic breast cancer families and segregation of a common BRCA2 haplotype. (1996)

Cloning of a breast cancer-predisposing gene (BRCA2) on chromosome 13Q12-14 has been reported recently. We analyzed seven large Icelandic breast cancer families with markers from the BRCA2 region. Five families showed strong evidence of linkage. The maximum two-point LOD scores for the five BRCA2-linked families ranged from 1.06 to 3.19. Haplotype analyses revealed a region with identical allele sizes between the families, suggesting that they have inherited the mutation from a common ancestor. Cancer types other than breast cancer occur in individuals, segregating the affected haplotype within these families. This suggests that mutations in the gene may also confer some risk of other malignancies in both males and females.
Object Tracking using Adaptive Template Matching (2015)

Template matching is used for many applications in image processing. One of the most researched topics is object tracking. Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) is the basic statistical approach to match images. NCC is used for template matching or pattern recognition. A template can be considered from a reference image, and an image from a scene can be considered as a source image. The objective is to establish the correspondence between the reference and source images. The matching gives a measure of the degree of similarity between the image and the template. A problem with NCC is its high computational cost and occasional mismatching. To deal with this problem, this paper presents an algorithm based on the Sum of Squared Difference (SSD) and an adaptive template matching to enhance the quality of the template matching in object tracking. The SSD provides low computational cost, while the adaptive template matching increases the accuracy matching. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm is quite efficient for image matching. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by several situations in the results section.
Rapid screening of banknotes for the presence of controlled substances by thermal desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (1999)

The ability to thermally desorb directly particulate matter, trapped on filter meshes, into the atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation source of a tandem mass spectrometer allowed the simultaneous detection of a range of controlled substances within complex matrices with a high degree of confidence. Dust samples were collected from bundles of banknotes using simple apparatus attached to a portable vacuum cleaner. This technique was employed without additional clean-up procedures, rendering the overall method extremely rapid. The intensities recorded for characteristic gas phase ion transitions allow the determination of the amounts of contaminants present. It has been reported that a significant proportion of bundles of banknotes are contaminated with cocaine. This study found that cocaine and heroin (and two related opiates) were present above the detection threshold on UK banknotes from general circulation. Differences in both the frequency and degree of contamination were apparent between bundles of banknotes from general circulation and those suspected of being associated with the trafficking of drugs. In addition, a significant number of bundles of banknotes, confiscated by H.M. Customs and Excise, were found to be contaminated with detectable levels of tetrahydrocannabinol and 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine.
Prevention of Cellular ROS Damage by Isovitexin and Related Flavonoids (2002)

The antioxidant properties of isovitexin and related flavonoids were studied. Isovitexin inhibited xanthine oxidase with an IC50 value of = 15.2 microM. The flavonoid analogues, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, and genistein also inhibited xanthine oxidase with IC50 values of 0.58, 2.18, 1.09, 9.90, and 4.83 microM, respectively. Isovitexin protected DNA from the Fenton reaction-induced breakage in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 9.52 microM. Isovitexin also protected HL-60 cells from the ROS damage induced by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction. Isovitexin exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity toward HL-60 cells (LD50 >400 microM) compared to the other flavonoids examined. In addition, excess hydrogen peroxide induced by cadmium in A2780 ovarian cells was significantly suppressed by isovitexin. These results suggest that isovitexin in rice may protect cells from oxidative stress.
Visualization and Measurement of Contact Area by Reflectivity (2006)

Abstract Surface deformations measured by laser profilometry in a contact model metal punch-sapphire window yield pressure distribution if the contact area is known. This paper advances a new method to assess this area by reflectivity. The contact model possesses higher reflectivity outside the contact area than inside, the step evidencing contact contour. A correction for interference effects is derived. Experimental results on circular Hertz contacts agree well with theoretical predictions.
High-Content Assays for Hepatotoxicity Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cells (2013)

Development of predictive in vitro assays for early toxicity evaluation is extremely important for improving the drug development process and reducing drug attrition rates during clinical development. High-content imaging-based in vitro toxicity assays are emerging as efficient tools for safety and efficacy testing to improve drug development efficiency. In this report we have used an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hepatocyte cell model having a primary tissue-like phenotype, unlimited availability, and the potential to compare cells from different individuals. We examined a number of assays and phenotypic markers and developed automated screening methods for assessing multiparameter readouts of general and mechanism-specific hepatotoxicity. Endpoints assessed were cell viability, nuclear shape, average and integrated cell area, mitochondrial membrane potential, phospholipid accumulation, cytoskeleton integrity, and apoptosis. We assayed compounds with known mechanisms of toxicity and also evaluated a diverse hepatotoxicity library of 240 compounds. We conclude that high-content automated screening assays using iPSC-derived hepatocytes are feasible, provide information about mechanisms of toxicity, and can facilitate the safety assessment of drugs and chemicals.