gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forward and inverse scattering for discrete layered lossy and absorbing media (1997)

A complete digital signal processing (DSP) theory is developed for forward and inverse scattering in discrete (piecewise-constant) layered lossy systems, generalizing previous work for discrete lossless systems and continuous lossy systems. This paper is motivated by radar reflections from stratified dielectrics and interchip communication modeled by lossy transmission lines. The DSP formulation allows exact solutions, without discretization approximations, and includes all multiple reflections, transmission scattering losses, and absorption effects. For the forward problem, discrete matrix Green's functions are derived for the lossy medium, as are fast algorithms for computing impulse reflection and transmission responses for the medium. For the inverse problem, asymmetric Toeplitz systems of equations which function as discrete counterparts to integral equations are derived, as are fast algorithms for reconstructing the medium from its impulse transmission and reflection responses. Data sufficiency and feasibility are discussed. Finally, these results are applied to the LCRG transmission line and layered dielectric medium problems, dispersion effects are discussed, and a numerical example is presented.
Dual energy iodine contrast CT with monochromatic X-rays (2002)

Computed tomography (CT) with monochromatic X-ray beams was used to image phantoms and a live rabbit using the preclinical multiple energy computed tomography (MECT) system at the National Synchrotron Light Source. MECT has a horizontal fan beam with a subject apparatus rotating about a vertical axis. Images were obtained at 43 keV for single-energy studies, and at energies immediately below and above the 33.17 keV iodine K-edge for dual-energy subtraction CT. Two CdWO/sub 4/-photodiode array detectors were used. The high-resolution detector (0.5 mm pitch, uncollimated) provided 14 line pair/cm in-plane spatial resolution, with lower image noise than conventional CT. Images with the low-resolution detector (1.844-mm pitch, collimated to 0.922 mm detector elements) had a sensitivity for iodine of /spl ap/60 /spl mu/g/cc in 11-mm channels inside a 135 mm-diameter acrylic cylindrical phantom for a slice height of 2.5 mm and a surface dose of /spl ap/4 cGy. The image noise was /spl ap/1 Hounsfield Unit (HU); it was /spl ap/3 HU for the same phantom imaged with conventional CT at approximately the same dose, slice height, and spatial resolution (/spl ap/7 1p/cm). These results show the potential advantage of MECT, despite present technical limitations.
Coculture with autologous myotubes of cytotoxic T cells isolated from muscle in inflammatory myopathies (1991)

T-cell lines were expanded from muscle of 10 patients with polymyositis, 5 with inclusion body myositis, 5 with dermatomyositis, and 5 with other muscle diseases. All cell lines uniformly expressed T-cell antigens, but not natural killer cell or B-cell antigens. The proportion of helper (CD4+) and cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells in the expanded lines was variable and showed no correlation with the diagnosis. Sixteen cell lines (6 polymyositis, 4 inclusion body myositis, 5 dermatomyositis, 1 other muscle disease) consisted predominantly of CD8+ T cells. None of these lines displayed natural killer-like cytotoxicity but all were capable of lectin-dependent cytotoxicity. Three of 6 polymyositis, 1 of 4 inclusion body myositis, and 1 of 5 dermatomyositis lines showed low but statistically significant cytotoxicity against autologous myotubes (6 to 27% specific 51Cr release; effector-target ratio, 20:1). The results demonstrate that functionally competent cytotoxic T cells can be expanded from muscle affected by inflammatory myopathies and are consistent with the hypothesis that some cytotoxic T cells recognize an autoantigen on myotubes. Further studies of this experimental system may define the molecular mechanism of T cell-mediated muscle fiber injury and may help to identify the relevant antigens.
Metallothioneins and Zinc Dysregulation Contribute to Neurodevelopmental Damage in a Model of Perinatal Viral Infection (2006)

Neonatal Borna disease (NBD) virus infection in the Lewis rat results in life-long viral persistence and causes behavioral and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. A hallmark of the disorder is progressive loss of cerebellar Purkinje and dentate gyrus granule cells. Findings of increased brain metallothionein-I and -II (MT-I/-II) mRNA expression in cDNA microarray experiments led us to investigate MT isoforms and their relationship to brain zinc metabolism, cellular toxicity, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities in this model. Real-time PCR confirmed marked induction of MT-I/-II mRNA expression in the brains of NBD rats (40.5-fold increase in cerebellum, p<0.0001; 6.8-fold increase in hippocampus, p=0.003; and 9.5-fold increase in striatum, p=0.0012), whereas a trend toward decreased MT-III mRNA was found in hippocampus (1.25-fold decrease, p=0.0841). Double label immunofluorescence revealed prominent MT-I/-II expression in astrocytes throughout the brain; MT-III protein was decreased in granule cell neurons and increased in astrocytes, with differential subcellular distribution from cytoplasmic to nuclear compartments in NBD rat hippocampus. Modified Timm staining of hippocampus revealed reduced zinc in mossy fiber projections to the hilus and CA3, accumulation of zinc in glial cells and degenerating granule cell somata, and robust mossy fiber sprouting into the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Zinc Transporter 3 (ZnT-3) mRNA expression was decreased in hippocampus (2.3-fold decrease, p= 0.0065); staining for its correlate protein was reduced in hippocampal mossy fibers. Furthermore, 2 molecules implicated in axonal pathfinding and mossy fiber sprouting, the extracellular matrix glycoprotein, tenascin-R (TN-R), and the hyaluronan receptor CD44, were increased in NBD hippocampal neuropil. Abnormal zinc metabolism and mechanisms of neuroplasticity may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease in this model, raising more general implications for neurodevelopmental damage following viral infections in early life.
Electrical conductivity and charge compensation in Nb doped TiO2 rutile (1977)

The electrical conductivity of rutile doped with 0.04–3 at.% niobium is reported as a function of oxygen pressure in the temperature range 1273–1623 K. The charge compensation is discussed in terms of a point defect model, under the assumption of a substitutional incorporation of niobium into the titanium rutile sublattice. Two kinds of charge compensation occur according to the temperature and the oxygen pressure, via an electronic or a lattice defect, in a Ti1−yNbyO2 or a Ti1−yNbyO2+y/2 solid solution, respectively. In the overstoichiometric range of the oxide, the data, when applied to undoped rutile, allow some conclusions about the atomic or electronic transport properties, both in the high and low temperature regimes.
Ifosfamide plus etoposide combined with regional hyperthermia in patients with locally advanced sarcomas: a phase II study. (1990)

From July 1986 to July 1989, 40 patients (92% pretreated) with deep-seated, advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS, 25 patients), Ewing's sarcomas (ES, eight patients), osteosarcomas (OS, three patients) and chondrosarcomas (ChS, four patients) were treated at the University of Munich in a protocol involving regional hyperthermia (RHT) combined with ifosfamide plus etoposide. A total of 265 RHT treatments (mean, 6.6 RHT per patient) were applied including 33 pelvic, four extremity, and three abdominal sites. The mean tumor volume was 537 cc (range, 50 to 2,980 cc). For systemic chemotherapy, all patients received ifosfamide (1.5 g/m2, days 1 to 5), etoposide (100 mg/m2, days 1, 3, and 5), and mesna (300 mg/m2 x 4, days 1 to 5) with RHT given only on days 1 and 5 in repeated cycles every 4 weeks. Acute toxicity consisted primarily of pain (57%) combined with local discomfort within the annular phased array applicator (AA) of the BSD hyperthermia system (BSD Medical Corp, Salt Lake City, UT). The average maximum systemic temperature was 37.4 +/- 0.5 degrees C, and there was no indication of enhanced bone marrow toxicity due to the addition of RHT to the systemic chemotherapy. Detailed thermal mapping by invasive thermometry was performed in all patients. In 38 assessable patients, the overall objective response rate was 37%: six complete responses (CRs), four partial responses (PRs), and four favorable histologic responses (FHRs) (95% confidence limits, 22% to 54%). Complete responders are alive and disease-free at 40, 35, 23, 19, 19, and 8 months. Of patients with PR and FHR, two died from metastatic disease after 4 and 17 months and one died from other disease after 27 months. The remaining five patients are stable at 37, 25, 21, 13, and 8 months. Eleven patients showed no change (NC), and 13 patients showed local tumor progression (PD). The mean observation time for all patients was 11.6 months. The time-averaged temperatures (Ts) of all RHT treatments calculated as 20% (T20), 50% (T50), or 90% (T90) of measured tumor sites differed significantly between responders and nonresponders (T20, P = .003; T50, P = .006; and T90, P = .004; respectively). These data support activity for ifosfamide-etoposide combined with RHT in pretreated patients with advanced sarcomas.
Multiplexed Microsphere‐Based Flow Cytometric Assays (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dehydrooligopeptides. VII. Convenient Synthesis of Various Dehydrodi- and tripeptide Esters by Using <i>N</i>-Carboxy α-Dehydroamino Acid Anhydride (1986)

Abstract The one-pot syntheses of N-protected Δ1- and Δ2-dehydrodipeptide esters by the coupling of N-carboxy α-dehydroamino acid anhydride (ΔNCA) with several kinds of C- or N-protected l-α-amino acids are described. In addition, it was found that a similar coupling of ΔNCA with both C- and N-protected α-amino acids also took place to give Δ2-dehydrotripeptide derivatives, involving eight kinds of important C-terminal segments of antrimycins and cirratiomycins. The configurational confirmation of the α-dehydroisoleucine residue of the antibiotics is also discussed.
Miniaturized LEDs for flat-panel displays (2017)

Inorganic light emitting diodes (LEDs) serve as bright pixel-level emitters in displays, from indoor/outdoor video walls with pixel sizes ranging from one to thirty millimeters to micro displays with more than one thousand pixels per inch. Pixel sizes that fall between those ranges, roughly 50 to 500 microns, are some of the most commercially significant ones, including flat panel displays used in smart phones, tablets, and televisions. Flat panel displays that use inorganic LEDs as pixel level emitters (μILED displays) can offer levels of brightness, transparency, and functionality that are difficult to achieve with other flat panel technologies. Cost-effective production of μILED displays requires techniques for precisely arranging sparse arrays of extremely miniaturized devices on a panel substrate, such as transfer printing with an elastomer stamp. Here we present lab-scale demonstrations of transfer printed μILED displays and the processes used to make them. Demonstrations include passive matrix μILED displays that use conventional off-the shelf drive ASICs and active matrix μILED displays that use miniaturized pixel-level control circuits from CMOS wafers. We present a discussion of key considerations in the design and fabrication of highly miniaturized emitters for μILED displays.
A yeast gene coding for a putative protein kinase homologous to <i>cdc25</i> suppressing protein kinase (1987)

A yeast gene termed YKR coding for a putative protein kinase was isolated by using the cloned cDNA for rabbit protein kinase C as a hybridization probe. The encoded protein (YKR), composed of 380 amino acid residues, shows extensive sequence homology to serine/threonine-specific protein kinases from various species in the approx. 320 C-terminal amino acid residues, strongly suggesting that YKR is endowed with a protein kinase activity. The observed homologies to the cdc25 suppressing protein kinase from yeast, the catalytic subunit of mammalian cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and mammalian protein kinase C were 76, 48 and 37%, respectively. Gene replacement experiments showed that YKR itself is not essential for cell proliferation.
Integrating the Predictiveness of a Marker with Its Performance as a Classifier (2007)

There are two popular statistical approaches to biomarker evaluation. One models the risk of disease (or disease outcome) with, for example, logistic regression. A marker is considered useful if it has a strong effect on risk. The second evaluates classification performance by use of measures such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and receiver operating characteristic curves. There is controversy about which approach is more appropriate. Moreover, the two approaches can give contradictory results on the same data. The authors present a new graphic, the predictiveness curve, which complements the risk modeling approach. It assesses the usefulness of a risk model when applied to the population. Although the predictiveness curve relates to classification performance measures, it also displays essential information about risk that is not displayed by the receiver operating characteristic curve. The authors propose that the predictiveness and classification performance of a marker, displayed together in an integrated plot, provide a comprehensive and cohesive assessment of a risk marker or model. The methods are demonstrated with data on prostate-specific antigen and risk factors from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, 1993-2003.
Sensing Dance Engagement for Collaborative Music Control (2011)

We introduce a concept that allows attendees of a party to collaboratively influence the music selection process. As explicit feedback is likely to disturb the atmosphere, we introduce an unobtrusive, implicit feedback mechanism. In particular, we propose to sense the partygoers' dance engagement by means of their mobile phones. Since people tend to dance more when they enjoy the music, this metric provides a measure of the crowd's satisfaction. We verify experimentally that music can be selected such that the generated song sequence matches the taste of the crowd, and we demonstrate the feasibility of inferring an individual's dance engagement using the mobile phone's accelerometer. Our experiments show that the proposed method is robust to the body location at which the phone is worn and reaches an overall accuracy of 86.8% for distinguishing dancers from non-dancers.
Supplemental Light before Harvest Increases Phenethyl Isothiocyanate in Watercress under 8-hour Photoperiod (1997)

Watercress ( Nasturtium officinale R.Br.) plants were grown in growth chambers at 15 °C or 25 °C and either 8- or 12-h photoperiod (PP). The photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) was 265 μmol·m -2 s -1 in all chambers, but beginning 1 week before harvest, half of the plants in each chamber were subjected to a higher PPF (435 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ). At harvest, watercress leaves and stems were analyzed for phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) concentration. Without supplemental PPF, watercress grown at 25 °C and 12-h PP produced higher PEITC concentration in leaves and stems than plants grown at 15 °C and 12-h PP, or plants grown at 8-h PP and either temperature. With one week of supplemental PPF before harvest, plants grown at 15 or 25 °C and the 8-h PP produced PEITC concentrations as high as plants exposed to 12-h PP and similar temperatures. However, a week of supplemental PPF did not alter PEITC concentrations in plants grown at the 12-h PP, regardless of temperature. At 25 °C, plants grown under the low PPF and the 12-h PP produced 62% greater dry mass than plants exposed to a week of high PPF and the 8-h PP, but did not differ in PEITC content. Thus, the effect of one week of high PPF on PEITC concentration depended on photoperiod.
Association between biosynthesis of nitric oxide and changes in immunological and vascular parameters in patients treated with interleukin‐2 (1994)

Hypotension is a dose-limiting side effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy. This may be due to increased biosynthesis of the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) induced by cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which are known to be generated during IL-2 therapy. We describe the relationship between NO biosynthesis and changes in immunological and vascular parameters during IL-2 therapy in 13 patients with metastatic cancer. Plasma concentrations of neopterin and nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) were higher in cancer patients prior to treatment compared with normal subjects (neopterin; 10.8 +/- 1.4 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.4 ng ml-1, P < 0.001: NOx; 45 +/- 6 vs. 28 +/- 2 microM, P < 0.005). Pretreatment TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma plasma concentrations were not significantly different in cancer patients from those in controls. During infusion of IL-2 (18 x 10(6) international units m-2 per day for 5 days) these parameters increased, reaching maximal concentrations at day 3 for IFN-gamma and day 5 for TNF-alpha, neopterin and NOx. The maximal induced NOx correlated with maximal TNF-alpha (r = 0.60, P < 0.04), IFN-gamma (r = 0.63, P < 0.02) and neopterin (r = 0.66, P < 0.01). As plasma NOx concentrations increased, systolic blood pressure fell, reaching a minimum at day 3 despite a continued rise in NOx concentrations. These changes were accompanied by a continuous increase in pulse rate throughout the infusion period. These findings indicate that induction of NO biosynthesis contributes to hypotension induced during IL-2 therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spectrum management, pricing, and efficiency control in broadband wireless communications (2001)

The radio spectrum is a unique, ubiquitous natural resource shared by various types of services. Unlike many other natural resources, it can be repeatedly reused. In practice, though, it remains a finite resource, and it can only accommodate a limited number of simultaneous users. This restriction requires careful planning and management for maximizing its value for all services. This is especially true since the demand for communication spectrum worldwide is rapidly increasing. As the pressure on spectrum increases with a generalized image of radio techniques, traditional ways to assess the merits of new technical solutions and to allocate as well as to tax frequencies appear to be adapted less and less. This paper reviews the present situation and stresses the need for more proactive, harmonized, and dynamic approaches linking technical and regulatory aspects in order to introduce broadband wireless communications systems.
Interleukin-1β Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cyclooxygenase-2 Involves the p42/44 and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Myocytes (1999)

The genes encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2) are induced in many types of cells in response to proinflammatory cytokines. We have previously shown that interleukin-1beta (IL) stimulates iNOS and COX-2 mRNA in cardiac myocytes. Because IL has been shown to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in many different cells, we tested whether the p42/44 and p38 MAPK pathways were involved in IL stimulation of iNOS and COX-2, using a specific inhibitor of p42/44 activation, PD98059 (PD), and the p38 inhibitor SB205380 (SB). Nitrites were measured using the Griess reagent, prostaglandin PGE2 by an enzyme immunoassay, iNOS and COX-2 protein by Western blot analysis, and iNOS mRNA by Northern blot analysis. Tested separately, the p38 kinase and MAPK inhibitors partially reduced IL stimulation of nitrite, iNOS protein, and iNOS mRNA; used together, they completely abolished the effect of IL. SB and PD inhibited IL-stimulated COX-2 protein by 60% and 80%, respectively, and IL-stimulated COX-2 protein was totally prevented by the combination of inhibitors. PGE2 production was inhibited more than 99% by either drug alone, suggesting a posttranslational effect on enzyme activity. To test whether this posttranslational effect involved the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) isoform, Western blots were probed for cPLA2 protein. Results indicated that IL stimulated cPLA2 activity and synthesis, which was inhibited by SB but not PD. These data indicate that (1) IL induction of iNOS synthesis depends on both the p42/44 and p38 signaling pathways, acting primarily at the level of transcriptional regulation; and (2) IL regulation of COX-2 synthesis involves the p42/44 and p38 signaling pathways, with an additional level of regulation occurring posttranslationally, perhaps at the level of activation of the cPLA2 isoform, which may be involved in intracellular signaling, as well as regulation of arachidonic acid release for COX-2 activity.
Synthesis and pharmacology of a series of 1-aralkyl-3-butenylamines (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and pharmacology of a series of 1-aralkyl-3-butenylaminesF. J. McCarty, Paul Daniel Rosenstock, J. P. Paolini, D. D. Micucci, L. Ashton, Walter W. Bennetts, and F. P. PalopoliCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 3, 534–541Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00309a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00309a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bifunctional AgOAc-Catalyzed Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides (2005)

[reaction: see text] A bifunctional AgOAc-catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with electronic-deficient alkenes was developed using ferrocenyloxazoline-derived N,P ligands. The reactive metal-bound azomethine ylide dipole is formed by the deprotonation with acetate, and extra base is not necessary. The reactions proceed with high enantioselectivity. This method provides an efficient and convenient route to optically active pyrrolidine derivatives.
An Application-Based Adaptive Replica Consistency for Cloud Storage (2010)

The intrinsic characteristic heterogeneous of cloud applications makes their consistency requirements different. Furthermore, the consistency requirement of certain application changes continuously at runtime, so a fixed consistency strategy is not enough. An application-based adaptive mechanism of replica consistency is proposed in this paper. We divide the consistency of applications into four categories according to their read frequencies and update frequencies, and then design corresponding consistency strategies. Applications select the most suitable strategy automatically at runtime to achieve a dynamic balance between consistency, availability, and performance. Evaluation results show that the proposed mechanism decreases the amount of operations significantly while guaranteeing the application's consistency requirement.