gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The study of the influence of different input artery on CT perfusion parameters (2007)

Objective: To explore the effect of perfusion parameters of input different artery in the reconstruction of CT perfusion imaging. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients including 8 normals, 27 unilateral middle cerebral artery(MCA) stenosis patients were collected perform normal brain CT scan and CT perfusion imaging. They all had brain CT perfusion imaging after normal brain CT scan. In the reconstruction of cerebral CT perfusion, every data was reconstructed 3 times and the anterior cerebral artery(ACA) were chosen, uninjured side(stroke patients) or left(normal) MCA and injured side(stroke patients) or right(normal) MCA to be input artery respectively, and choosed superior sagittal sinus to be output vein. Drawed region of interest(ROI) in the cortical area of each side and recorded cerebral blood flow(CBF), cerebral blood volume(CBV), and mean transit time(MTT) of ROI. Three data was analysed with one-factor analysis of variance. Results: There is no statistic difference among all parameters in the normals. Otherwise there is statistic difference among all CBF and MTT in unilateral stroke in MCA patients, and there is no statistic difference among CBV. Conclusion: In the reconstruction of cerebral CT perfusion, any large artery can be chosen as input artery in normals, otherwise in the unilateral MCA stenosis patients, the normal ACA should be chosen as input artery.
Diversifying product search results (2011)

In recent years, online shopping is becoming more and more popular. Users type keyword queries on product search systems to find relevant products, accessories, and even related products. However, existing product search systems always return very similar products on the first several pages instead of taking diversity into consideration. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address the diversity issue in the context of product search. We transform search result diversification into a combination of diversifying product categories and diversifying product attribute values within each category. The two sub-problems are optimization problems which can be reduced into well-known NP-hard problems respectively. We further leverage greedy-based approximation algorithms for efficient product search results re-ranking.
Nuclear beta-catenin in basal cell carcinoma correlates with increased proliferation (2004)

The absence of beta-catenin gene mutations indicate that the Hh pathway-directed Wnt signalling remains the most likely cause of nuclear beta-catenin accumulation in BCC. Additionally, the correlation with increased proliferation is the first evidence that nuclear beta-catenin may have a biological effect. However, a causal link between Hh pathway deregulation, Wnt ligand overexpression, nuclear beta-catenin accumulation and increased proliferation remains to be confirmed.
Efficient Bacillus subtilis Cloning System using Bacteriophage Vector 01Q5J9 (1984)

An efficient system for cloning in Bacillus subtilis is described which uses a newly constructed bacteriophage vector, phi 105J9. The phage genome contains cloning sites for the enzymes BamH1, XbaI and SalI, and can accommodate inserts of passenger DNA of at least 4 kbp. Recombinant phages, which can both plaque and lysogenize normally, are recovered after direct transfection of protoplasts in the presence of polyethylene glycol. Several fully functional sporulation genes and one biosynthetic gene from B. subtilis have been isolated from genomic libraries that were constructed with the new vector. The system may provide an alternative to some of the cloning methods currently available that use Escherichia coli as host.
Nitrene insertion selectivities. Reaction of ethyl azidoformate with saturated cyclic hydrocarbons (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrene insertion selectivities. Reaction of ethyl azidoformate with saturated cyclic hydrocarbonsDavid S. Breslow, Eleanor I. Edwards, Ronald Leone, and Paul V. R. SchleyerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 25, 7097–7102Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01027a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01027a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views532Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparing Sorbsan and polynoxylin/Melolin dressings after toenail removal (1992)

An assessment of two dressings used in the treatment of the toenail bed, comparing healing rates and complications reported.
Inkjet printing and photonic sintering of silver and copper oxide nanoparticles for ultra-low-cost conductive patterns (2016)

Printing technologies to produce conductive films and electronic devices are well established and employ only inexpensive materials and devices as well as rapid post-processing methods.
Biochemical Studies on McLeod Phenotype Erythrocytes (1981)

Red cells of the McLeod phenotype in the Kell blood group system have an acanthocytic morphology. The membrane protein composition analyzed on sodium dodecyl- sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the ATP level and the activities of a large number of intracellular enzymes appear to be normal. Membranes prepared from McLeod red cells incubated with γAT^[32P] and MgCl(2) incorporated twice as much radioactivity into spectrin and also showed a slight elevation of phosphorylation in band 3 protein when compared to membranes from normal cells. Intact normal red cells incubated with carrier-free [32P] incorporated radioactivity into several proteins, with most incorporation in spectrin and band 3 protein. In comparison, McLeod cells incorporated three times more radioactivity into spectrin and band 3 protein but increased phosphorylation also occurred in other, but not all, membrane proteins. Intact McLeod red cells also showed increased phosphorylation of membrane phospholipids, but they incorporated [32P] into intracellular nucleotide phosphates in a normal manner.
Analysis of Zig-Zag Transformer Applying in the Three-Phase Four-Wire Distribution Power System (2005)

The load unbalance and the nonlinear loads result in a significant neutral current in the three-phase four-wire distribution power system. The Zig-Zag transformer has been proposed to attenuate the neutral current of the three-phase four-wire distribution power system. In this paper, an analysis is carried out and computer simulation is used to evaluate the performance of the Zig-Zag transformer under ideal and nonideal power conditions. The simulation results show that (a) the Zig-Zag transformer can effectively attenuate the neutral current and zero-sequence harmonic currents on the utility side under the balanced utility voltage, (b) the utility side neutral current becomes larger under the unbalanced utility voltage or the distorted utility voltage with zero sequence harmonic components after applying the Zig-Zag transformer, (c) the insertion of an inductor in the utility side of the neutral conductor can alleviate overloading of the neutral current caused by the unbalanced utility voltages and the distorted utility voltages with zero sequence harmonic components.
A unique cytosolic activity related but distinct from NQO1 catalyses metabolic activation of mitomycin C (2000)

Mitomycin C (MMC) is a prototype bioreductive drug employed to treat a variety of cancers including head and neck cancer. Among the various enzymes, dicoumarol inhibitable cytosolic NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1) was shown to catalyse bioreductive activation of MMC leading to cross-linking of the DNA and cytotoxicity. However, the role of NQO1 in metabolic activation of MMC has been disputed. In this report, we present cellular and animal models to demonstrate that NQO1 may play only a minor role in metabolic activation of MMC. We further demonstrate that bioreductive activation of MMC is catalysed by a unique cytosolic activity which is related but distinct from NQO1. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were developed that permanently express higher levels of cDNA-derived NQO1. These cells showed significantly increased protection against menadione toxicity. However, they failed to demonstrate higher cytotoxicity due to exposure to MMC under oxygen (normal air) or hypoxia, as compared to the wild-type control CHO cells. Disruption of the NQO1 gene by homologous recombination generated NQO1-/- mice that do not express the NQO1 gene resulting in the loss of NQO1 protein and activity. The cytosolic fractions from liver and colon tissues of NQO1-/- mice showed similar amounts of DNA cross-linking upon exposure to MMC, as observed in NQO1+/+ mice. The unique cytosolic activity that activated MMC in cytosolic fractions of liver and colon tissues of NQO1-/- mice was designated as cytosolic MMC reductase. This activity, like NQO1, was inhibited by dicoumarol and immunologically related to NQO1.
LILLIPUT: A Lightweight Low-Latency Lookup-Table Based Decoder for Near-term Quantum Error Correction (2021)

The error rates of quantum devices are orders of magnitude higher than what is needed to run most quantum applications. To close this gap, Quantum Error Correction (QEC) encodes logical qubits and distributes information using several physical qubits. By periodically executing a syndrome extraction circuit on the logical qubits, information about errors (called syndrome) is extracted while running programs. A decoder uses these syndromes to identify and correct errors in real time, which is required to use feedback implemented in quantum algorithms. Unfortunately, software decoders are slow and hardware decoders are fast but less accurate. Thus, almost all QEC studies so far have relied on offline decoding. To enable real-time decoding in near-term QEC, we propose LILLIPUT-- a Lightweight Low Latency Look-Up Table decoder. LILLIPUT consists of two parts-- First, it translates syndromes into error detection events that index into a Look-Up Table (LUT) whose entry provides the error information in real-time. Second, it programs the LUTs with error assignments for all possible error events by running a software decoder offline. LILLIPUT tolerates an error on any operation in the quantum hardware, including gates and measurement, and the number of tolerated errors grows with the size of the code. It needs <7% logic on off-the-shelf FPGAs that allows it to be easily integrated alongside the control and readout circuits in existing systems. LILLIPUT incurs a latency of few nanoseconds and enables real-time decoding. We also propose Compressed LUTs (CLUTs) to reduce the memory needed by LILLIPUT. By exploiting the fact that not all error events are equally likely and only storing data for the most probable error events, CLUTs reduce the memory needed by up-to 107x (from 148 MB to 1.38 MB) without degrading accuracy.
Controlled Release Gel Formulations for Mucosal Drug Delivery (2001)

Drug delivery to nasal or ocular mucosa for either local or systemic action faces many obstacles – these routes are protected by effective mechanisms. Gel formulations with suitable rheological and mucoadhesive properties increase the contact time at the site of absorption. However, drug release from the gel must be sustained if benefits are to be gained from the prolonged contact time. The work presented here is the characterization of gels and the determination of the mucoadhesive properties of polymers using rheology. Gelrite gels were formed in simulated tear fluid at concentrations of polymer as low as 0.1%, and it was shown that sodium was the most important gel-promoting ion in vivo. Rheology, although it may be a questionable technique for evaluating mucoadhesive properties of polymers, showed that interactions between mucin and polymers were most likely to be seen with weak gels. It was possible to control the release of uncharged drug substances by including surfactants that form micelles in the gel. This release depended on lipophilic interactions between the drug and the polymer and/or the micelles. Controlled-release formulations of charged drugs could be designed by mixing the drugs with oppositely charged surfactants in certain ratios. In this way, vesicles in which the drug and surfactant constituted the bilayer formed spontaneously. The vesicle formation was affected by the presence of polymer, and very small vesicles that gave a slow release rate were formed when a lipophilically modified polymer was used. The gels were also evaluated in the Ussing chamber using porcine nasal mucosa. The rate of transport of drugs through the mucosa could be controlled by the rate of release from the formulation. Furthermore, the Ussing chamber could be used to evaluate the potential toxicity of formulations.
Maximizing Infection Prevention in the Next Decade: Defining the Unacceptable (2010)

An important role of public health agencies is to define the unacceptable. This concept has particular relevance for healthcare-associated infections. Evidence indicates that, with focused efforts, these once-formidable infections can be greatly reduced in number, leading to a new normal for healthcare-associated infections as rare, unacceptable events.
Analysis of the effect of promoter type and skin pretreatment on antigen expression and antibody response after gene gun-based immunization (2018)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have enabled numerous basic research discoveries and therapeutic approaches for many protein classes. However, there still exist a number of target classes, such as multi-pass membrane proteins, for which antibody discovery is difficult, due in part to lack of high quality, recombinant protein. Here we describe the impact of several parameters on antigen expression and the development of mAbs against human claudin 4 (CLDN4), a potential multi-indication cancer target. Using gene gun-based DNA delivery and bioluminescence imaging, we optimize promoter type by comparing expression profiles of four robust in vivo promoters. In addition, we observe that most vectors rapidly lose expression, ultimately reaching almost background levels by three days post-delivery. Recognizing this limitation, we next explored skin pretreatment strategies as an orthogonal method to further boost the efficiency of mAb generation. We show that SDS pretreatment can boost antigen expression, but fails to significantly increase mAb discovery efficiency. In contrast, we find that sandpaper pretreatment yields 5-fold more FACS+ anti-CLDN4 hybridomas, without impacting antigen expression. Our findings coupled with other strategies to improve DNA immunizations should improve the success of mAb discovery against other challenging targets and enable the generation of critical research tools and therapeutic candidates.
Analysis of BER of 16QAM signal in AM/16QAM hybrid optical transmission system (1993)

The BER of a 16QAM signal in an AM/16QAM hybrid optical transmission system is tested. A floor is observed in the measured BER. Such a BER floor is due to ‘impulsive distortion’ caused by clipping. The BER is calculated based on the Middleton class A model, under the supposition that a statistical-physical model of ‘impulsive distortion’ is similar to that of impulse noise. The calculated and experimental results are in good agreement.
High levels of expression of full length human pro-α2(V) collagen cDNA in pro-α2(V)-deficient hamster cells (1989)

A full length cDNA encoding human pro-alpha 2(V) collagen was constructed. Partial sequencing of the cDNA and primer extension analysis of mRNA from fibroblasts found that pro-alpha 2(V) mRNA differs from the mRNAs of other fibrillar collagens in the increased length of its 5'-untranslated region. The pro-alpha 2(V) cDNA was placed downstream of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter/regulatory sequences for expression studies in cultured Chinese hamster lung cells. These cells have been shown previously to synthesize large quantities of pro-alpha 1(V) homotrimers as their only collagenous product. Transfection resulted in a number of clonal cell lines that express human alpha 2(V) RNA at levels comparable to, and in some cases greater than, levels found in normal human skin fibroblasts. Pro-alpha 2(V) chains produced in the majority of clonal lines were of sufficient quantity to complex all available endogenous pro-alpha 1(V) chains. Chimeric heterotrimers, composed of hamster alpha 1(V) and human alpha 2(V) chains in a 2:1 ratio, were stable to pepsin digestion and were found predominantly associated with the cell layer. Surprisingly, pro-alpha 2(V) chains, in excess to pro-alpha 1(V) chains, were found in the extracellular matrix and, in much greater abundance, in media. These chains were pepsin sensitive, indicating that pro-alpha 2(V) chains can be secreted as nonstable homotrimers or as free chains.
Repeated assessment of neuropsychological deficits in multiple sclerosis using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the MS Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (2008)

We conclude that these brief screening tests provide some independent information about the mental status of patients with MS and are reliable, even when used in monthly, successive examinations.
Physiologic basis for BOLD MR signal changes due to hypoxia/hyperoxia: Separation of blood volume and magnetic susceptibility effects (1997)

An NMR method is presented for separating blood volume and magnetic susceptibility effects in response to respiratory challenges such as hypoxia and hyperoxia. The technique employs high susceptibility contrast agents to enhance blood volume induced signal changes. The results show that for a rat model the dominant source of signal variation upon changing breathing gas from 100% oxygen to 10% oxygen/90% nitrogen is the change in blood magnetic susceptibility associated with the BOLD effect. The results imply that signal changes associated with respiratory challenges can be regarded as indicators of local blood oxygenation in vivo.
Towards an EMG-Controlled Prosthetic Hand Using a 3-D Electromagnetic Positioning System (2007)

This paper proposes a novel method of using electromyographic (EMG) potentials generated by the forearm muscles during hand and finger movements to control an artificial prosthetic hand worn by an amputee. Surface EMG sensors were used to record a sequence of forearm EMG potential signals via a PC sound card and a novel 3-D electromagnetic positioning system together with a data-glove mounted with 11 miniature electromagnetic sensors used to acquire corresponding human hand pose in real time. The synchronized measurements of hand posture and associated EMG signals stored as prototypes embody a numerical expression of the current hand shape in the form of a series of data frames, each comprising a set of postures and associated EMG data. This allows a computer generated graphical 3-D model, combined with synthesized EMG signals, to be used to evaluate the approach. This graphical user interface could also enable handicapped users to practice controlling a robotic prosthetic hand using EMG signals derived from their forearm muscles. We believe this task might be made easier using a dictionary of stored task-specific prototype data frames acquired from able-bodied users. By comparing the resulting EMG data frames with stored prototypes, the most likely data frame sequence can be identified and used to control a robotic hand so that it carries out the user's desire. We explore the feasibility of this approach by applying frequency analysis on the signal derived from a multichannel EMG measurement device and identify pattern recognition techniques in the time and frequency domains to determine plausible hand shapes. This approach offers several advantages over existing methods. First, it simplifies the classification procedure, saving computational time and the requirement for the optimization process, and second, it increases the number of recognizable hand shapes, which in turn improves the dexterity of the prosthetic hand and the quality of life for amputees. The database of EMG prototypes could be employed to optimize the accuracy of the system within a machine learning paradigm. By making a range of EMG prototype databases available, prosthetic hand users could train themselves to use their prosthesis using the visual reference afforded by the virtual hand model to provide feedback
Integrating mutation variant allele frequency into clinical practice in myeloid malignancies (2016)

Hematologic myeloid neoplasms represent a heterogeneous group of disorders with defined clinical and pathologic characteristics. However, intensive investigation into the genetic abnormalities of these diseases has not only significantly advanced our understanding, but also revolutionized our diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Moreover, more recent discovery on the impact of clonal burden has highlighted the critical and dynamic role of clonal evolution over time, which is integrally linked to a patient's clinical trajectory. This review will highlight the evidence supporting the incorporation of allelic burden of somatic mutations into clinical practice for the diagnosis and prognosis of myeloid neoplasms.
<title>A Charge Coupled Device Imaging System For Ophthalmology</title> (1984)

A digital camera system has been constructed for obtaining reflectance images of the fundus of the eye with monochromatic light. Images at wavelengths in the visible and near infrared regions of the spectrum are recorded by a charge-coupled device array and transferred to a computer. A variety of image processing operations are performed to restore the pictures, correct for distortions in the image formation process, and extract new and diagnostically useful information. The steps involved in calibrating the system to permit quantitative measurement of fundus reflectance are discussed. Three clinically important applications of such a quantitative system are addressed: the characterization of changes in the optic nerve arising from glaucoma, the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma through spectral signatures, and the early detection and improved management of diabetic retinopathy by measurement of retinal tissue oxygen saturation.
Lewis-acidic organometallic compounds of the lanthanides and the alkaline earth metals as catalysts for the activation of carbonyl groups (2001)

Abstract 1,3-dialkyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidenes form adducts with various bis (alkylcyclopentadienyl) complexes of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, samarium, and ytterbium. The X-ray structures of selected metallocenes and carbene adducts are discussed. Liquid-crystalline homo- and block copolymers with a narrow molecular mass distribution index were obtained in high yields by living polymerization of mesogenic methacrylates with organosamarium complexes. Depending on the structure of the catalyst and the polarity of the solvent used, different, partially competitive reaction mechanisms are observed.