gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the model of computer mirroring based on difference queues (2003)

The paper describes modelling of the operation of a special case of two computer systems operating in parallel: computer mirroring. In computer mirroring one of the systems is identified as the main and the other as the backup computer, and both computers execute the same tasks. Each system operates independently and is modelled as an execution unit processing a queue of tasks. The mirroring aspect of the system is modelled analytically with a difference queue. The analytical results are then verified by simulating the behaviour of the parallel network of two queues, and measuring the resulting difference queue. The simulation results confirm the modelling of the behaviour of the d-queue as the standard M/M/1 queue. Simulation results are compared against theoretical estimates for number of tasks in the queue, in the system, mean time in the system, in the queue, for the main system, the backup system, and for the d-queue.
CCXXVI.—Derivatives of the aliphatic glycols. Part III (1931)

G. M. Bennett and A. N. Mosses, J. Chem. Soc., 1931, 1697 DOI: 10.1039/JR9310001697
盜亦有道 : 關於中國網絡字幕組的記憶和敘述 (2001-2020) (2020)

二零零一年中國加入世界貿易組織（WTO），在與世界接軌的同時，也抓緊時機大力發展文化產業以輸出文化產品和價值理念。同年，互聯網開始在中國普及，以翻譯歐美日韓影視劇爲主的網絡字幕組應運而生、發展壯大，且因工作高效和免費服務而廣受互聯網用戶追捧和好評。網絡字幕組以游走於法律灰色地帶的方式為中國互聯網用戶引入海量影視劇資源，而中國官方從起初的視而不見到為加强知識版權和文化審查而接連打擊、查封字幕組，並把字幕組在跨文化傳播上的巨大貢獻排除在中國文化產業發展的敘述邏輯之外
Identifying the source of critical details in confessions (2003)

Interrogations leading to confessions can elicit both an admission of guilt and details to help validate the confession. Using a novel means of analysis, the interrogation was treated as a series of dynamic informational exchanges and the source of key details was identified. Questions and answers were classified according to the degree to which they provided information. Using a test case, in 212 of 340 questions the interrogators provided details to confirm or deny. In other questions, critical details were provided by the police without requesting confirmation. This pattern was reflected when the confession was divided into individual topics. None of the key, specific, verifiable details were provided by the confessor. This method of analysis is presented as a means of assessing the degree to which a confessor demonstrates guilty knowledge.
Mannan-binding lectin modulates the response to HSV-2 infection (2004)

Viruses have developed numerous strategies to escape recognition by the immune system. However, some viruses such as herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) are recognized by initiators of the complement system, e.g. mannan-binding lectin (MBL). To study the effects of MBL deficiency during viral infection we have chosen a model of generalized HSV-2 infection. We infected MBL-A and MBL-C double knock-out mice (DKO) with HSV-2 via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. DKO mice cleared HSV-2 from the liver less efficiently than the comparable wild-type animals. The impairment to effectively neutralize HSV-2 correlated with compromised liver function as measured by increased plasma levels of alanine-amino transferase. No differences in the viral burden were found in other organs such as spleen or brain. Thus, MBL-mediated protection was limited to the effects of preservation of liver homeostasis. Reconstitution with recombinant human MBL before and during the HSV-2 infection dramatically lowered the viral titres in the liver. Taken together, the data show that MBL modulates the response to HSV-2 in mice by affecting neutralization of the virus. To analyse if MBL plays a role in establishment and progression of human HSV-2 infection we analysed MBL levels in the serum samples from asymptomatic (virus-exposed people who have never displayed symptoms of HSV-2 infection) and symptomatic HSV-2 patients (people with recurrent HSV-2 infections). We found that the frequency of the MBL deficiency (<100 ng/ml) was higher in the symptomatic group and significantly different from that in the asymptomatic group (P = 0.0369). This suggests that lack of MBL-mediated complement activation increases susceptibility to viral infection.
An LC-IMS-MS Platform Providing Increased Dynamic Range for High-Throughput Proteomic Studies (2009)

A high-throughput approach and platform using 15 min reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography (RPLC) separations in conjunction with ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) measurements was evaluated for the rapid analysis of complex proteomics samples. To test the separation quality of the short LC gradient, a sample was prepared by spiking 20 reference peptides at varying concentrations from 1 ng/mL to 10 microg/mL into a tryptic digest of mouse blood plasma and analyzed with both a LC-Linear Ion Trap Fourier Transform (FT) MS and LC-IMS-TOF MS. The LC-FT MS detected 13 out of the 20 spiked peptides that had concentrations >or=100 ng/mL. In contrast, the drift time selected mass spectra from the LC-IMS-TOF MS analyses yielded identifications for 19 of the 20 peptides with all spiking levels present. The greater dynamic range of the LC-IMS-TOF MS system could be attributed to two factors. First, the LC-IMS-TOF MS system enabled drift time separation of the low concentration spiked peptides from the high concentration mouse peptide matrix components, reducing signal interference and background, and allowing species to be resolved that would otherwise be obscured by other components. Second, the automatic gain control (AGC) in the linear ion trap of the hybrid FT MS instrument limits the number of ions that are accumulated to reduce space charge effects and achieve high measurement accuracy, but in turn limits the achievable dynamic range compared to the IMS-TOF instrument.
Structures and Analysis of Highly Homologous Psychrophilic, Mesophilic, and Thermophilic Adenylate Kinases (2004)

The crystal structures of adenylate kinases from the psychrophile Bacillus globisporus and the mesophile Bacillus subtilis have been solved and compared with that from the thermophile Bacillus stearothermophilus. This is the first example we know of where a trio of protein structures has been solved that have the same number of amino acids and a high level of identity (66-74%) and yet come from organisms with different operating temperatures. The enzymes were characterized for their own thermal denaturation and inactivation, and they exhibited the same temperature preferences as their source organisms. The structures of the three highly homologous, dynamic proteins with different temperature-activity profiles provide an opportunity to explore a molecular mechanism of cold and heat adaptation. Their analysis suggests that the maintenance of the balance between stability and flexibility is crucial for proteins to function at their environmental temperatures, and it is achieved by the modification of intramolecular interactions in the process of temperature adaptation.
Phase of thermal emission spectroscopy for properties measurements of delaminating thermal barrier coatings (2005)

Phase of thermal emission spectroscopy is developed for determining the thermal properties of thermal barrier coating (TBC) in the presence of thermal contact resistance between the coating and the substrate. In this method, a TBC sample is heated using a periodically modulated laser and the thermal emission from the coating is collected using an infrared detector. The phase difference between the heating signal and the emission signal is measured experimentally. A mathematical model is developed to predict the phase difference between the laser and the measured emission, which considers the coating properties and the thermal contact resistance of the interface. An electron-beam physical vapor deposition thermal barrier coating with local regions delaminated by laser shock is characterized using this technique. The measurements are made on two regions of the coating, one where good thermal contact between the coating and substrate exists and the other where the interface has been damaged by laser shock. The results for the thermal properties and thermal contact resistance of the interface are presented and compared.
Disturbed Diurnal Rhythm Alters Gene Expression and Exacerbates Cardiovascular Disease With Rescue by Resynchronization (2007)

Day/night rhythms are recognized as important to normal cardiovascular physiology and timing of adverse cardiovascular events; however, their significance in disease has not been determined. We demonstrate that day/night rhythms play a critical role in compensatory remodeling of cardiovascular tissue, and disruption exacerbates disease pathophysiology. We use a murine model of pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy (transverse aortic constriction) in a rhythm-disruptive 20-hour versus 24-hour environment. Echocardiography reveals increased left ventricular end-systolic and -diastolic dimensions and reduced contractility in rhythm-disturbed transverse aortic constriction animals. Furthermore, cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells exhibit reduced hypertrophy, despite increased pressure load. Microarray and real-time PCR demonstrate altered gene cycling in transverse aortic constriction myocardium and hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. With rhythm disturbance, there is a consequent altered cellular clock mechanism (per2 and bmal), whereas key genes in hypertrophic pathways (ANF, BNP, ACE, and collagen) are downregulated paradoxical to the increased pressure. Phenotypic rescue, including reversal/attenuation of abnormal pathology and genes, only occurs when the external rhythm is allowed to correspond with the animals' innate 24-hour internal rhythm. Our study establishes the importance of diurnal rhythm as a vital determinant in heart disease. Disrupted rhythms contribute to progression of organ dysfunction; restoration of normal diurnal schedules appears to be important for effective treatment of disease.
In vitro antifungal activities of amphotericin B and liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B (1984)

The in vitro activities of liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B and free amphotericin B against Candida albicans 336 were comparable. Amphotericin B concentrations 12-fold and greater than 50-fold higher were required to kill the same organism when cholesterol and ergosterol were incorporated into the liposomes. The addition of cholesterol to liposomes caused a significant increase in the minimal fungicidal concentration of amphotericin B in 7 of 19 other yeast strains tested, whereas ergosterol caused an increase in 18 of the 19 strains.
Notiz über Oligoethylenglykolether des Morphins (1979)

Abstract Die offenkettigen Oligoethylenglykolether 4, 5 mit zwei Morphin‐Endgruppen wurden synthetisiert und hinsichtlich ihrer Komplexbildung untersucht. Mit Ca(SCN) 2 · 4 H 2 O werden Komplexe gebildet, deren Stöchiometrie unklar ist. Die analoge Umsetzung von Morphin mit 2,6‐Bis(brommethyl)pyridin ( 6 ) führte zum Zwischenprodukt 8 und zu geringen Mengen des Diethers 7 .
X-ray Crystal Structure of <i>Escherichia coli </i>Taurine/α-Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase Complexed to Ferrous Iron and Substrates<sup>,</sup> (2002)

Taurine/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase (TauD), a non-heme Fe(II) oxygenase, catalyses the conversion of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonate) to sulfite and aminoacetaldehyde concurrent with the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG) to succinate and CO(2). The enzyme allows Escherichia coli to use taurine, widely available in the environment, as an alternative sulfur source. Here we describe the X-ray crystal structure of TauD complexed to Fe(II) and both substrates, alphaKG and taurine. The tertiary structure and fold of TauD are similar to those observed in other enzymes from the broad family of Fe(II)/alphaKG-dependent oxygenases, with closest structural similarity to clavaminate synthase. Using the TauD coordinates, a model was determined for the closely related enzyme 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate/alphaKG dioxygenase (TfdA), supporting predictions derived from site-directed mutagenesis and other studies of that biodegradative protein. The TauD structure and TfdA model define the metal ligands and the positions of nearby aromatic residues that undergo post-translational modifications involving self-hydroxylation reactions. The substrate binding residues of TauD were identified and those of TfdA predicted. These results, along with sequence alignment information, reveal how TauD selects a tetrahedral substrate anion in preference to the planar carboxylate selected by TfdA, providing insight into the mechanism of enzyme catalysis.
Improved query performance with variant indexes (1997)

The read-mostly environment of data warehousing makes it possible to use more complex indexes to speed up queries than in situations where concurrent updates are present. The current paper presents a short review of current indexing technology, including row-set representation by Bitmaps, and then introduces two approaches we call Bit-Sliced indexing and Projection indexing. A Projection index materializes all values of a column in RID order, and a Bit-Sliced index essentially takes an orthogonal bit-by-bit view of the same data. While some of these concepts started with the MODEL 204 product, and both Bit-Sliced and Projection indexing are now fully realized in Sybase IQ, this is the first rigorous examination of such indexing capabilities in the literature. We compare algorithms that become feasible with these variant index types against algorithms using more conventional indexes. The analysis demonstrates important performance advantages for variant indexes in some types of SQL aggregation, predicate evaluation, and grouping. The paper concludes by introducing a new method whereby multi-dimensional group-by queries, reminiscent of OLAP/Datacube queries but with more flexibility, can be very efficiently performed.
Beyond PKI: The Biocryptographic Key Infrastructure (2010)

Public Key Infrastructure is a widely deployed security technology for handling key distribution and validation in computer security. Despite PKI's popularity as a security solution, Phishing and other Man-in-the-Middle related network attacks are accomplished with ease. The major problems with PKI come down to trust, and largely, how much faith we must place in cryptographic keys alone to establish authenticity and identity. In this paper, we look at a novel biometric solution that mitigates this problem at both the user and certificate authority levels. More importantly, we examine the trouble with the placement of unprotected biometric features directly into PKI, and propose the integration of a secure, revocable biometric template protection technology that supports transactional key release. A detailed explanation of this new Biocryptographic Key Infrastructure is provided, including composition, enrollment, authentication, and revocation details.
Evidence that Myc activation depletes the epidermal stem cell compartment by modulating adhesive interactions with the local microenvironment (2003)

Activation of Myc (c-Myc) causes epidermal cells to exit the stem cell compartment and differentiate into sebocytes and interfollicular epidermis at the expense of the hair lineages. To investigate how Myc exerts these effects we analysed the transcription of more than 10000 genes following Myc activation in the basal layer of mouse epidermis for 1 or 4 days. The major classes of induced genes were involved in synthesis and processing of RNA and proteins, in cell proliferation and in differentiation. More than 40% of the downregulated genes encoded cell adhesion and cytoskeleton proteins. Repression of these genes resulted in profound changes in the adhesive and motile behaviour of keratinocytes. Myc activation inhibited cell motility and wound healing, correlating with decreased expression of a large number of extracellular matrix proteins. Cell adhesion and spreading were also impaired, and this correlated with decreased expression of the alpha6beta4 integrin, decreased formation of hemidesmosomes and decreased assembly of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. We propose that Myc stimulates exit from the stem cell compartment by reducing adhesive interactions with the local microenvironment or niche, and that the failure of hair differentiation reflects an inability of keratinocytes to migrate along the outer root sheath to receive hair inductive stimuli.
Coveralls for grass fire fighting (1997)

Defines the purpose of this research as to design a coverall for fire fighting, with special emphasis on sizing and fit to maximize wearer comfort and mobility, as well as incorporate design features which would improve the functionality of the garment. Uses a structured functional apparel design approach to develop garment specifications and an interaction matrix. Using a literature review, user input, and market survey, details the development of a prototype fire fighting coverall. Evaluates the prototype coverall using objective measurements of range of motion for ten selected body movements and subjectively by having wearers fill out a wearer acceptability scale to determine their perceptions of fit and comfort in both their current and prototype coveralls. Results show that for all measurements, the prototype coveralls were preferable to the current coveralls worn, indicating the potential for further development of this design.
Resuscitation of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium and Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> from the Viable but Nonculturable State by Heat-Stable Enterobacterial Autoinducer (2002)

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli were stressed by prolonged incubation in water microcosms until it was no longer possible to observe colony formation when samples were plated on nonselective medium. Overnight incubation of samples in nutrient-rich broth medium supplemented with growth factors, however, allowed resuscitation of stressed and viable but nonculturable cells so that subsequent plating yielded observable colonies for significantly extended periods of time. The growth factors were (i) the trihydroxamate siderophore ferrioxamine E (for Salmonella only), (ii) the commercially available antioxidant Oxyrase, and (iii) the heat-stable autoinducer of growth secreted by enterobacterial species in response to norepinephrine. Analysis of water microcosms with the Bioscreen C apparatus confirmed that these supplements enhanced recovery of cells in stressed populations; enterobacterial autoinducer was the most effective, promoting resuscitation in populations that were so heavily stressed that ferrioxamine E or Oxyrase had no effect. Similar results were observed in Bioscreen analysis of bacterial populations stressed by heating. Patterns of resuscitation of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium rpoS mutants from water microcosms and heat stress were qualitatively similar, suggesting that the general stress response controlled by the sigma(s) subunit of RNA polymerase plays no role in autoinducer-dependent resuscitation. Enterobacterial autoinducer also resuscitated stressed populations of Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter agglomerans.
Inside the Windows security push (2003)

The Microsoft Windows development team spent two months in 2002 analyzing product design, code, and documentation to fix security issues. The results of this security push include a new process and several lessons learned for future projects.
Targeted Expression of Placental Lactogen in the Beta Cells of Transgenic Mice Results in Beta Cell Proliferation, Islet Mass Augmentation, and Hypoglycemia (2000)

The factors that regulate pancreatic beta cell proliferation are not well defined. In order to explore the role of murine placental lactogen (PL)-I (mPL-I) in islet mass regulation in vivo, we developed transgenic mice in which mPL-I is targeted to the beta cell using the rat insulin II promoter. Rat insulin II-mPL-I mice displayed both fasting and postprandial hypoglycemia (71 and 105 mg/dl, respectively) as compared with normal mice (92 and 129 mg/dl; p < 0.00005 for both). Plasma insulin concentrations were inappropriately elevated, and insulin content in the pancreas was increased 2-fold. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by perifused islets was indistinguishable from controls at 7.5, 15, and 20 mm glucose. Beta cell proliferation rates were twice normal (p = 0. 0005). This hyperplasia, together with a 20% increase in beta cell size, resulted in a 2-fold increase in islet mass (p = 0.0005) and a 1.45-fold increase in islet number (p = 0.0012). In mice, murine PL-I is a potent islet mitogen, is capable of increasing islet mass, and is associated with hypoglycemia over the long term. It can be targeted to the beta cell using standard gene targeting techniques. Potential exists for beta cell engineering using this strategy.
MPML-FLASH: a multimodal presentation markup language with character agent control in Flash medium (2004)

Nowadays, employing realistic-looking virtual humans as presenters in various situations becomes more effective and important. To make it easier for the author to write such multimodal presentation, we have developed MPML (multimodal presentation markup language). By extending MPML, we have developed MPML-FLASH (multimodal presentation markup language for Flash), which facilitates multimodal presentation in Flash medium. We present the specification, related techniques and a framework as the testing platform for MPML-FLASH.
MicroRNAs regulate synthesis of the neurotransmitter substance P in human mesenchymal stem cell-derived neuronal cells (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 19- to 23-nt, small, noncoding RNAs, which bind the 3' UTR of target mRNAs to mediate translational repression in animals. miRNAs have been shown to regulate developmental processes, such as self-renewal of stem cells, neuronal differentiation, myogenesis, and cancer. A functional role of miRNAs in the regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis has yet to be ascribed. We used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a model to study miRNA-mediated neurotransmitter regulation in developing neuronal cells. MSCs are mesoderm-derived cells, primarily resident in adult bone marrow, which can generate functional neuronal cells. We have previously shown that human MSC-derived neuronal cells express the neurotransmitter gene, Tac1, but do not synthesize the gene's encoded peptide, the neurotransmitter substance P (SP), unless stimulated with the inflammatory mediator IL-1alpha. These findings suggested a potential role for miRNAs in the regulation of SP synthesis. Here, we report on the miRNA profile of undifferentiated human MSCs and MSC-derived neuronal cells by using miRNA-specific bioarrays. miRNAs that were increased in the neuronal cells and decreased after IL-1alpha stimulation were analyzed by the miRanda algorithm to predict Tac1 mRNA targets. Putative miR-130a, miR-206, and miR-302a binding sites were predicted within the 3' UTR of Tac1. Target validation using a luciferase reporter system confirmed the miR-130a and miR-206 sites. Specific inhibition of miR-130a and miR-206 in the neuronal cells resulted in SP synthesis and release. The studies provide a different approach in ascribing a new regulatory role for miRNAs in regulating neurotransmitter synthesis.
Twenty Years of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (2005)

Evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is a quasi-universal detector for liquid, countercurrent and supercritical fluid chromatography, since it can detect any analyte less volatile than the mobile phase. Operation principle mainly consists of three successive processes: nebulization of the chromatographic effluent; evaporation of the mobile phase; measurement of the scattered light. After 20 years of development, its usage appears significant advantages and potentialities as well as several limitations. In this paper, operation principles, technological innovations, methodological approaches, chemometrics, application areas (pharmaceuticals, foods and beverages, natural products, biological samples and polymers), potentialities and limitations of ELSD are thoroughly reviewed. A bibliography of 83 representative references is given.