gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of nitric oxide in β<sub>3</sub>-adrenoceptor activation on basal tone of internal anal sphincter (2003)

Effects of activation of β 3 -adrenoceptor (β 3 -AR) have not been determined in the spontaneously tonic smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter (IAS). The effects of disodium (R,R)-5-[2-[2-3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-amino]propyl]-1,3-benzodioxole-2,2-dicarboxylate (CL 316243), a selective β 3 -AR agonist, on the basal smooth muscle tone and direct release of nitric oxide (NO) by circular smooth muscle strips of the opossum IAS were determined. We also examined the presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein by Western blot studies. CL 316243 produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the smooth muscle that remained unmodified by different neurohumoral antagonists. The smooth muscle relaxation by CL 316243 was selectively antagonized by L 748337, a β 3 -AR antagonist. Such relaxation was several times longer than by isoproterenol. The effect of CL 316243 was significantly attenuated by a nonselective NOS inhibitor N ω -nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) and by putative inhibitor of eNOS l- N 5 -(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine dihydrochloride (l-NIO). Inhibitors of iNOS [ N-(3-aminomethyl)benzyl acetamide 2HCl] and nNOS {1-[2-(trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole]} had no effect on this relaxation. Relaxation of the IAS smooth muscle induced by CL 316243 was accompanied by an increased release of NO; this was attenuated by l-NNA and l-NIO. In addition, Western blot studies revealed the presence of eNOS in the circular smooth muscle of the IAS. These data demonstrate potent and protracted IAS smooth muscle relaxation by β 3 -AR activation, which is partly transduced via NOS, possibly smooth muscle eNOS. Multiple signal-transduction pathways including NOS activation may explain the characteristic IAS relaxation by β 3 -AR activation. The studies may have therapeutic implications in anorectal motility disorders.
Production of cellulase and protein from barley straw by <i>Trichoderma viride</i> (1975)

Abstract The cellulase production by two strains of the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma viride was examined. The fungi were grown on different preparations of barley straw pretreated with NaOH under high pressure. The production of cellulases and microbial protein by the better strain (QM 9123) was investigated in an aerated 5‐liter fermenter under varying stirring rates (200‐350 rpm) and straw concentrations (1–2%). The pH was kept between 3.5 and 4.5. The growth of the fungus was followed by measuring the quantity of CO 2 produced and the cell protein. After 2–6 days growth ceased, the lag phases lasting 0–2 days, increasing with increasing straw concentrations. The maximum enzyme yields were reached after 4–10 days. The protein content of the product was 21–26% and up to 70% of the straw was utilized. The yield constants were calculated to be 0.40–0.56; of the same order as those which can be obtained by growing the fungus on glucose.
Behavior Rule Specification-Based Intrusion Detection for Safety Critical Medical Cyber Physical Systems (2014)

We propose and analyze a behavior-rule specification-based technique for intrusion detection of medical devices embedded in a medical cyber physical system (MCPS) in which the patient's safety is of the utmost importance. We propose a methodology to transform behavior rules to a state machine, so that a device that is being monitored for its behavior can easily be checked against the transformed state machine for deviation from its behavior specification. Using vital sign monitor medical devices as an example, we demonstrate that our intrusion detection technique can effectively trade false positives off for a high detection probability to cope with more sophisticated and hidden attackers to support ultra safe and secure MCPS applications. Moreover, through a comparative analysis, we demonstrate that our behavior-rule specification-based IDS technique outperforms two existing anomaly-based techniques for detecting abnormal patient behaviors in pervasive healthcare applications.
Vitamin K, osteoporosis and degenerative diseases of ageing (2011)

The function of vitamin K is to serve as a co-factor during the post-translational carboxylation of glutamate (Glu) residues into γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues. The vital importance of the Gla-proteins essential for normal haemostasis is well recognized. During recent years, new Gla-containing proteins have been discovered and the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation is also essential for their function. It seems, however, that our dietary vitamin K intake is too low to support the carboxylation of at least some of these Gla-proteins. According to the triage theory, long-term vitamin K inadequacy is an independent, but modifiable risk factor for the development of degenerative diseases of ageing including osteoporosis and atherosclerosis.
Determination of protein-bound trace elements in biological material by gel filtration and neutron activation analysis (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of protein-bound trace elements in biological material by gel filtration and neutron activation analysisGunnar. Norheim and Eiliv. SteinnesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 9, 1688–1690Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60359a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60359a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A free volume study of miscible polyester blends (1995)

Abstract Four blend systems (miscible binary polyester blends) have been examined by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The ortho‐Positronium pick off lifetime, τ 3 , is related to the mean free volume cavity size in these miscible blends. The measured free volume cavity size for the blends is compared to the size predicted from linear additivity of the homopolymers. A negative deviation from linear additivity is observed for τ 3 in each of the blend systems, and this behaviour is interpreted as a contraction of the mean free volume cavity size due to the changes in molecular packing that occur on blending. The consequence of these free volume results for the mechanical properties of miscible polyester blends is discussed and tested for the polycarbonate/Kodar system. The glass transition data suggest weak specific interactions in the blends; however, the mechanical properties are significantly affected by blending.
Conductance Switching and Mechanisms in Single‐Molecule Junctions (2013)

A molecular switch: The conductance of a new molecular device based on graphene–molecule junctions was reproducibly switched between open and closed states under irradiation of external light (see picture). Three photochromic diarylethene derivatives with different substituents were used as key elements of the molecular devices. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Newly Developed Techniques to Study and Diagnose Acute Renal Failure (2003)

Progress in treating human acute renal failure (ARF) is dependent on developing techniques that allow for the rapid diagnosis, quantification of injury, further understanding of the pathophysiology, and the effects of therapy. Therefore, four techniques that will facilitate this progress are described and illustrated by four different investigative teams. Techniques to measure rapid changes in GFR are available for rapid diagnosis and quantification of ARF in humans. State-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presently allows for enhanced resolution of regional renal blood flow and functional evaluations in patients. Furthermore, new probes and techniques for MRI that allow for identification and quantitation of inflammation, applicable to human ARF, are being developed and tested in animal models. Finally, two-photon microscopy will allow for four-dimensional cellular and subcellular studies in animal models of ARF providing rapid insights into pathophysiology and the therapeutic effects of a variety of promising agents. Further development and utilization of these techniques, especially in concert with genetic, proteomic, and molecular approaches, will allow for needed insights into the pathophysiology and therapy in human ARF.
Filling the gap. JICA Reproductive Health Project. Nghi Loe district. (1999)

Our district, which is composed of 33 communes, is economically poor with unacceptably low health conditions. Many health problems could not be adequately addressed due to the lack of needed resources and technology. But the Japan International Cooperation Agency project, which was started in 1997, has been effectively assisting us in improving the health situation, especially in reproductive health. We highly appreciate the support, which has helped us to disseminate health information to the general public, especially pregnant women. Health workers such as midwives and assistant doctors have been able to improve their skills after attending the training courses. The provision of equipment and instruments has been of great help. We would not have been able to procure them on our own budget, even over the next 10 years. One of our major concerns is the big gap in the health conditions among communes. The health conditions of people in the mountainous area are lower compared to the people in communes in and near the center of the district. The difference exists not only in the health field, but also education and economic fields. To fill the gap, we are encouraging the advanced communes to continue to develop their programs while giving much stronger assistance to the less advanced communes.
Discovery, Structure–Activity Relationship, and Biological Evaluation of Noninhibitory Small Molecule Chaperones of Glucocerebrosidase (2012)

A major challenge in the field of Gaucher disease has been the development of new therapeutic strategies including molecular chaperones. All previously described chaperones of glucocerebrosidase are enzyme inhibitors, which complicates their clinical development because their chaperone activity must be balanced against the functional inhibition of the enzyme. Using a novel high throughput screening methodology, we identified a chemical series that does not inhibit the enzyme but can still facilitate its translocation to the lysosome as measured by immunostaining of glucocerebrosidase in patient fibroblasts. These compounds provide the basis for the development of a novel approach toward small molecule treatment for patients with Gaucher disease.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON ATYPICAL FEATURES IN ACOUSTIC NEUROMA (1956)

Journal Article SOME OBSERVATIONS ON ATYPICAL FEATURES IN ACOUSTIC NEUROMA Get access R. H. SHEPHARD, R. H. SHEPHARD The Maida Vale Hospital for Nervous Diseases and the Neurological Department of the London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. H. WADIA N. H. WADIA The Maida Vale Hospital for Nervous Diseases and the Neurological Department of the London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 79, Issue 2, June 1956, Pages 282–283, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/79.2.282 Published: 01 June 1956
Melanoma‐derived conditioned media efficiently induce the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages that display a highly invasive gene signature (2012)

The presence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in melanomas is correlated with a poor clinical prognosis. However, there is limited information on the characteristics and biological activities of human TAMs in melanomas. In this study, we developed an in vitro method to differentiate human monocytes to macrophages using modified melanoma-conditioned medium (MCM). We demonstrate that factors from MCM-induced macrophages (MCMI-Mφ) express both M1-Mφ and M2-Mφ markers and inhibit melanoma-specific T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, microarray analyses reveal that the majority of genes up-regulated in MCMI-Mφ are associated with tumor invasion. The most strikingly up-regulated genes are CCL2 and MMP-9. Consistent with this, blockade of both CCL-2 and MMPs diminish MCMI-Mφ-induced melanoma invasion. Finally, we demonstrated that both MCMI-Mφ and in vivo TAMs express the pro-invasive, melanoma-associated gene, glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B. Our study provides a framework for understanding the mechanisms of cross-talk between TAMs and melanoma cells within the tumor microenvironment.
[Modification of the chemiluminescent analysis method for evaluation of the whole blood phagocyte activity in sensibilized animals]. (2004)

A modified method of chemiluminescence analysis was developed in experiments with animals. Whole blood of guinea pigs was made use of as the biological sample. BaSO4 and another new substance, i.e. aerosol, were used in the phagocytes' stimulation of whole blood. Optimal concentrations of reaction components, the incubation period of whole blood samples and of specific allergens and the duration of chemiluminescence registration were defined. The discussed modified method of chemiluminescence analysis can be used to monitor the specific treatment schemes by immunotherapy and to choose adequate schemes for the mentioned therapy.
A method for the selective enumeration and isolation of ruminal <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> (1998)

Ruminal lactic acid-producing bacteria were selectively isolated and enumerated using a one hour aerobic exposure prior to incubation on a semi-selective Lactobacillus medium, MRS, under anaerobic conditions. The technique allowed growth of pure cultures of ruminal Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus bovis without supporting the growth of pure cultures of any of the prominent ruminal bacterial species. In mixed cultures, the one hour aerobic pre-incubation inhibited the growth of the obligate anaerobic ruminal bacteria which can otherwise grow on the MRS medium, and the subsequent anaerobic incubation permitted maximal recovery of the weakly aerotolerant ruminal lactic acid-producing Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. The efficacy of this technique in selecting exclusively for the lactic acid-producing bacteria was also demonstrated from populations of rumen bacteria from mixed culture end-point in vitro fermentation, continuous in vitro culture and isolations from fresh ruminal samples.
High quality reuse water by chemical-physical wastewater treatment. (1970)

In recent years more communities are finding that their demand for water is overextending or approaching the limit of their existing water sup ply. As a result, the need for new water sources has increased. One method that can be used to augment conventional water sources to meet these community needs is wastewater reclamation. The sequence of treat ments usually followed to reclaim wastewater for reuse is made up of biological, chemical, and physical proc esses. The terminal unit process usu ally is activated carbon adsorption be cause it has been found to be an excel lent choice in terms of adequacy and economic feasibility. Since the waste water reclamation treatment is a se quence of pretreatments before acti vated carbon adsorption, the emphasis of this research was to optimize the activated carbon adsorption step by determining the proper pretreatment process. In this way the wastewater reclamation process could yield high quality water at maximum efficiency. This study, started in 1966, was di vided into two distinctly different ap
Klimaschwankungen und Gletscherveränderungen (2011)

Die Massenbilanz von 30 untersuchten Gletschern lasst neue Resultate uber langfristige Mittelwerte sowie dekadische Schwankungen zu. Eine weitere Studie leitet unter anderem her, wie demnachst Eisvolumenanderungen ganzer Gebirgszuge abgeschatzt werden konnen.
Role for β-catenin and HOX transcription factors in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and mammalian host epithelial-pathogen interactions (2008)

We used the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans infected with the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus to identify components of epithelial immunity. Transcriptional profiling and reverse genetic analysis revealed that mutation of the C. elegans beta-catenin homolog bar-1 or the downstream homeobox gene egl-5 results in a defective response and hypersensitivity to S. aureus infection. Epistasis analysis showed that bar-1 and egl-5 function in parallel to previously described C. elegans immune-response pathways. Overexpression of human homologs of egl-5 modulated NF-kappaB-dependent TLR2 signaling in epithelial cells. These data suggest that beta-catenin and homeobox genes play an important and conserved role in innate immune defense.
A cSNP Map and Database for Human Chromosome 21 (2001)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are likely to contribute to the study of complex genetic diseases. The genomic sequence of human chromosome 21q was recently completed with 225 annotated genes, thus permitting efficient identification and precise mapping of potential cSNPs by bioinformatics approaches. Here we present a human chromosome 21 (HC21) cSNP database and the first chromosome-specific cSNP map. Potential cSNPs were generated using three approaches: (1) Alignment of the complete HC21 genomic sequence to cognate ESTs and mRNAs. Candidate cSNPs were automatically extracted using a novel program for context-dependent SNP identification that efficiently discriminates between true variation, poor quality sequencing, and paralogous gene alignments. (2) Multiple alignment of all known HC21 genes to all other human database entries. (3) Gene-targeted cSNP discovery. To date we have identified 377 cSNPs averaging ~1 SNP per 1.5 kb of transcribed sequence, covering 65% of known genes in the chromosome. Validation of our bioinformatics approach was demonstrated by a confirmation rate of 78% for the predicted cSNPs, and in total 32% of the cSNPs in our database have been confirmed. The database is publicly available at http://csnp.unige.ch or http://csnp.isb-sib.ch. These SNPs provide a tool to study the contribution of HC21 loci to complex diseases such as bipolar affective disorder and allele-specific contributions to Down syndrome phenotypes.
Effect of Feeding Melengestrol Acetate, Monensin, and Tylosin on Performance, Carcass Measurements, and Liver Abscesses of Feedlot Heifers (2009)

Approximately 4,000 yearling heifers (initial BW = 306 ± 1.9 kg) were randomly allotted into 4 treatment groups to determine the effect of melengestrol acetate (MGA) on feedlot performance and carcass parameters. Treatments included a diet containing monensin (Rumensin) and tylosin (Tylan; RT) fed during the entire feeding period; RT plus MGA (RTM) also fed during the entire feeding period; RT withdrawn 35 d preslaughter (RTwd); and RTM withdrawn 35 d preslaughter (RTMwd). All cattle were implanted at arrival with Revalor-IH and reimplanted with Revalor-200, and were fed a standard feedlot finishing diet (that met or exceeded 1996 NRC requirements) for approximately 150 d. Final BW, ADG, hot carcass weight (HCW), DMI, and percentage of cattle grading Choice were greater (P < 0.05) for RTM than for all other treatments. Withdrawal of MGA (RTMwd) significantly (P < 0.01) decreased ADG, HCW, 12th-rib fat thickness, calculated YG, and percentage of carcasses grading Choice, but significantly increased the percentage of dark-cutting carcasses, LM area, and YG 1, 2, or 3 carcasses compared with RTM. There were no significant differences (except for dressing percentage) between RT and RTwd. Heifers continuously fed MGA increased in ADG, HCW, and carcass quality traits of economic importance compared with other treatments. Withdrawal of MGA, Rumensin, and Tylan 35 d preslaughter adversely affected carcass weight and carcass quality traits of economic importance when compared with a feeding program including MGA, Rumensin, and Tylan.
A comparison of rare-gas flashlamps (1969)

Spectral data for argon, krypton, xenon, and neon flashlamps are presented for the region of lamp operation in which the line radiation makes up a substantial portion of the total radiant energy. The spectral charateristics are presented in terms of both power flux and emitted quanta per unit area per second, the latter being appropriate for the characterization of illumination and laser pumping efficiencies. The emission spectra show strong line radiation peculiar to each gas superimposed on a low emissivity background continuum. The electrical resistance coefficient <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k (\in \Omega.A^{1/2})</tex> is presented for each gas and is shown to increase with increasing gas atomic weight and pressure. An analysis of lamp radiative efficiency indicates that through proper optimization of the gas pressure, the efficiency and overall output of the lighter rare gases will be comparable to those for optimized xenon lamps with optimum pressures increasing with decreasing gas atomic weight. Overall lamp efficiencies are shown to be as high as 40 percent in the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.4-1.1-\mu</tex> region.
Enhancement of methane conversion using electric fields. Quarterly report, April--June 1995 (1995)

The goal of this project is the development of novel, economical processes for the conversion of natural gas to more valuable products such as methanol, ethylene, and other organic oxygenates or higher hydrocarbons. The methodologies of the project are to investigate and develop low temperature electric discharges and electric field- enhanced catalysis for carrying out these conversions. In the case of low temperature discharges, the conversion is carried out at ambient temperature which in effect trades high temperature thermal energy for electric energy as the driving force for conversion. The low operating temperatures relax the thermodynamic constraints on the product distribution found at high temperatures and also remove the requirements of large thermal masses required for current technologies. With the electric field-enhanced conversion, the operating temperatures are expected to be below those currently required for such processes as oxidative coupling, thereby allowing for a higher degree of catalytic selectivity while maintaining high activity.