gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring and interpreting patient-reported outcome data from clinical trials of diabetes medication (2014)

Introduction Diabetes is one of the Western world's most common chronic conditions, with global prevalence increasing rapidly. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) constitutes 85-95% of diabetes and is accompanied by significant clinical and economic burden [1]. As of the start of 2014 there were 13 classes of therapy licensed and available to
Chemical characterization of failures and process materials for microelectronics assembly (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the chemical characterization of failures and process materials for microelectronics assembly. Design/methodology/approach The analytical techniques used for chemical structures and compositions including Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy are conducted. Findings The residues on the golden finger are identified to be the flux used in the assembly processes. Besides, the contaminants on the processed and incoming connector pins are verified to be polyamides (–CONH functional groups) from housing material's residue. Three liquid fluxes used in wave soldering are analyzed by their chemical structure. One flux showing the OH groups at 3430 cm −1 indicates higher acid contents. This consists with the acidic values specified by the supplier. Also, the solder mask under study has ever appeared peeled‐off issue. The FTIR spectra results indicated 62.2 percent degree of curing while vendor's spec is above 70 percent. Originality/value The establishment of the Infrared spectra database for fluxes and process materials help determine the root cause of the contaminants to reduce re‐occurrence of similar problems and thus enhance the manufacturing capability. The infrared spectrophotometry technique can be used by professional original design manufacturing and/or electronics manufacturing service, providers to investigate board/component defects during product pilot run stage and volume production.
Characterization and Molecular Cloning of <i>Sambucus nigra</i> Agglutinin V (Nigrin b), A Galnac‐specific Type‐2 Ribosome‐Inactivating Protein from the Bark of Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) (1996)

The molecular structure of the Sambucus nigra agglutinin V (SNAV), which has been described previously as a type-2 ribosome-inactivating protein called nigrin b, has been studied in detail by analysis of the purified protein combined with cDNA cloning and molecular modelling. Native SNAV is a dimer of two [A-s-s-B] pairs. Hapten inhibition assays indicated that GalNAc is a 20-fold more potent inhibitor of SNAV than Gal. A cDNA clone encoding SNAV was isolated from a cDNA library constructed with mRNA from the bark. Sequence analysis of this cDNA revealed a striking similarity to the recently cloned NeuAc alpha-2,6-gal/GalNAc-specific S. nigra bark agglutinin I (SNAI) and to the previously sequenced type-2 ribosome-inactivating proteins from Ricinus communis and Abrus precatorius. In addition, molecular modelling of SNAV further suggested that its structure closely resembles that of ricin. The N-terminal sequence of the B chain of SNAV also shows a marked similarity with the polypeptide of the previously described GalNAc-specific s. nigra bark agglutinin II (SNAII), which unlike SNAV and SNAI has no ribosome-inactivating activity. It appears, therefore, that elderberry bark contains at least two different type-2 ribosome-inactivating proteins and a lectin built up of subunits which are closely related to the B chain of SNAV.
Color and Antioxidant Properties of Cyanidin-Based Anthocyanin Pigments (2002)

A series of cyanidin-based anthocyanin pigments was investigated to determine the effect of structural variation on a number of chemical and physical properties: CIELAB color coordinates, visual detection thresholds, hydration constants (pK(H)), and in vitro antioxidant activities (ORAC). In addition to individual isolated compounds, purified total pigment isolates from blackberry, elderberry, black carrot, red cabbage, and sweet potato were also examined. Acylation with cinnamic acids shifted color tonality (hue angle) to purple, and markedly increased pK(H) and antioxidant activity, but lowered the visual detection threshold. Glycosidic substitution at the 5 position moved tonalities toward purple and decreased pK(H), and tended to lower the ORAC value, but raised the visual detection threshold. Increasing the number of sugar substituents at the 3 position also affected all of these parameters, however, the extent was not predictable. Antioxidant levels of purified anthocyanin extracts were much higher than expected from anthocyanin content indicating synergistic effect of anthocyanin mixtures.
Neutrophils rapidly migrate via lymphatics after Mycobacterium bovis BCG intradermal vaccination and shuttle live bacilli to the draining lymph nodes (2005)

The early innate response after Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is poorly characterized but probably decisive for subsequent protective immunity against tuberculosis. Therefore, we vaccinated mice with fluorescent BCG strains in the ear dorsum, as a surrogate of intradermal vaccination in humans. During the first 3 days, we tracked BCG host cells migrating out of the dermis to the auricular draining lymph nodes (ADLNs). Resident skin dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages did not play a predominant role in early BCG capture and transport to ADLNs. The main BCG host cells rapidly recruited both in the dermis and ADLNs were neutrophils. Fluorescent green or red BCG strains injected into nonoverlapping sites were essentially sheltered by distinct neutrophils in the ADLN capsule, indicating that neutrophils had captured bacilli in peripheral tissue and transported them to the lymphoid organ. Strikingly, we observed BCG-infected neutrophils in the lumen of lymphatic vessels by confocal microscopy on ear dermis. Fluorescence-labeled neutrophils injected into the ears accumulated exclusively into the ipsilateral ADLN capsule after BCG vaccination. Thus, we provide in vivo evidence that neutrophils, like DCs or inflammatory monocytes, migrate via afferent lymphatics to lymphoid tissue and can shuttle live microorganisms.
Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice—Evidence‐Based Approach from the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Sixth Special Issue (2013)

The American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) JCA Special Issue Writing Committee is charged with reviewing, updating and categorizating indications for therapeutic apheresis. Beginning with the 2007 ASFA Special Issue (Fourth Edition), the committee has incorporated systematic review and evidence-based approach in the grading and categorization of indications. This Sixth Edition of the ASFA Special Issue has further improved the process of using evidence-based medicine in the recommendations by consistently applying the category and GRADE system definitions, but eliminating the "level of evidence" criteria (from the University HealthCare Consortium) utilized in prior editions given redundancy between GRADE and University HealthCare Consortium systems. The general layout and concept of a fact sheet that was utilized in the Fourth and Fifth Editions, has been largely maintained in this edition. Each fact sheet succinctly summarizes the evidence for the use of therapeutic apheresis in a specific disease entity. This article consists of 78 fact sheets (increased from 2010) for therapeutic indications in ASFA categories I through IV, with many diseases categorized having multiple clinical presentations/situations which are individually graded and categorized.
Simple sequence repeat markers linked to a major QTL controlling pod shattering in soybean (2006)

Abstract Shattering of soybean pods prior to harvest leads to a reduction in yield. In order to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conditioning pod shattering, QTL analysis was conducted using an recombinant inbred line (RIL) population segregating for this trait. The degrees of pod‐shattering resistance were evaluated by heat treatment applied to pods harvested from plants in the field and in a growth chamber. Composite interval mapping identified one major QTL between SSR markers Sat_093 and Sat_366 on linkage group J for both environments. The position and the effect of this QTL were confirmed in an F 2 population derived from a cross between the pod shattering‐susceptible parental cultivar and a pod shattering‐resistant RIL. The SSR markers linked to the major QTL will be useful for marker‐assisted selection in soybean‐breeding programmes.
Pluto quarterly report No. 4, April--June 1960 (1960)

Declassified 27 Nov 1973. Information is presented concerning Tory-2A neutronics and thermodynamics; reactor control system; performance of core structures; physical properties of BeO-UO/sub 2/; and design characteristics of Tory-2C. (DCC)
Spray-as-you-go con lidocaína al 2% vs. 4% para intubación despierto con fibro en vía aérea difícil: Xue FS, Liu HP, He N, et al. Spray-as-you-go airway topical anesthesia in patients with a difficult airway: a randomized double-blind comparison of 2% and 4% lidocaine. Anesthesia & Analgesia 2009;108:536-43. (2010)

La topicalización con anestésicos locales (AL) resulta imprescindible en la preparación del paciente para la intubación traqueal con fibrobroncoscopio (FBC) en el paciente despierto. Frecuentemente se realiza administrando AL a través del canal de trabajo del FBC de forma selectiva bajo visión directa, denominándose spray-as-you-go.
Optimal Aggregation Policy for Reducing Tail Latency of Web Search (2015)

A web search engine often employs partition-aggregate architecture, where an aggregator propagates a user query to all index serving nodes (ISNs) and collects the responses from them. An aggregation policy determines how long the aggregators wait for the ISNs before returning aggregated results to users, crucially affecting both query latency and quality. Designing an aggregation policy is, however, challenging: Response latency among queries and among ISNs varies significantly, and aggregators lack of knowledge about when ISNs will respond. In this paper, we propose aggregation policies that minimize tail latency of search queries subject to search quality service level agreements (SLAs), combining data-driven offline analysis with online processing. Beginning with a single aggregator, we formally prove the optimality of our policy: It achieves the offline optimal result without knowing future responses of ISNs. We extend our policy for commonly-used hierarchical levels of aggregators and prove its optimality when messaging times between aggregators are known. We also present an empirically-effective policy to address unknown messaging time. We use production traces from a commercial search engine, a commercial advertisement engine, and synthetic workloads to evaluate the aggregation policy. The results show that compared to prior work, the policy reduces tail latency by up to 40% while satisfying same quality SLAs.
Application of Optical Flow Sensors for Dead Reckoning, Heading Reference, Obstacle Detection, and Obstacle Avoidance (2015)

A novel approach for dead reckoning, heading reference, obstacle detection, and obstacle avoidance using only one optical mouse sensor was presented in this thesis. Odometry, position tracking, and obstacle avoidance are important issues in mobile robotics. Traditional odometry and motion-tracking sensors provide relative displacement data on a frame-to-frame basis, and they are usually mounted in arrays to provide accurate measurements with small estimation errors. Optical flow sensors stand as a tempting solution for robot self-localization and dead reckoning. In this work, using only one inexpensive optical mouse sensor, we were able to perform optical odometry, dead reckoning, and heading reference. Also, obstacle detection and avoidance remains a challenging area of research. Most of the existing works are based on stereo imaging and computation of the time-to-contact. These techniques are complex and usually require the use of more than one vantage point. The use of one optical mouse sensor as an obstacle-detection sensor was proposed in this work. The detection process is simple and is based on the surface-quality factor variation. As far as we know, no one has ever used this technique to perform obstacle-detection and avoidance. Using one sensor for motion tracking and one sensor for object detection in association with an Arduino microcontroller, we built an indoor ground robot capable of environment sensing, obstacle avoidance, and position tracking. The behavior of the robot can be monitored from a remote station. The experimental results obtained were promising and can be further improved.
THE SILVICULTURE OF CONIFERS IN GREAT BRITAIN (1927)

THE SILVICULTURE OF CONIFERS IN GREAT BRITAIN Get access H. M. STEVEN H. M. STEVEN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1927, Pages 6–23, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.forestry.a062846 Published: 01 April 1927
Advances in the understanding of retinal drug disposition and the role of blood–ocular barrier transporters (2013)

Intraocular drug delivery is the only mode that currently directly broaches the BRB and thereby attains the highest peak intravitreal or intraretinal drug concentration. There is an urgent need for the development of optimal and efficient drug delivery systems.
The gene responsible for Werner syndrome may be a cell division "counting" gene. (1993)

Werner syndrome is a rare, autosomal, recessive condition that is frequently studied as a model of some aspects of human aging, although the behavioral changes that are usually associated with old age are only seen very infrequently. A most striking aspect of the phenotype of Werner syndrome, presumably arising from the same gene defect, is a dramatic shortening of the replicative life-span of dermal fibroblasts in vitro. The finite replicative life-span of human cells in vitro is due to the stochastic loss of replicative ability in a continuously increasing fraction of newborn cells at every generation. Normal human fibroblasts achieve approximately 60 population doublings in culture, while Werner syndrome cells usually only achieve approximately 20 population doublings. We describe an analysis of the replicative ability of fibroblasts from Werner syndrome patients and demonstrate that the cells in these cultures usually exit, apparently irreversibly, from the cell cycle at a faster rate than do normal cells, although they mostly start off with a good replicative ability. We propose that the Werner syndrome gene is a "counting" gene controlling the number of times that human cells are able to divide before terminal differentiation.
Handles for Fmoc Solid-Phase Synthesis of Protected Peptides (2013)

Protected peptide fragments are valuable building blocks for the assembly of large peptide sequences through fragment condensation approaches, whereas protected peptides are typically synthesized for the preparation of amide-bridge cyclic peptides in solution. Efficient synthesis of both protected peptides and protected peptide fragments by solid-phase peptide synthesis methodology requires handles that attach the growing peptides to the polymeric support and can be cleaved under appropriate conditions, while maintaining intact the side-chain protecting groups. Here, we provide an overview of attachment methods described in the literature for the preparation of protected peptides using Fmoc/tBu chemistry, including the most commonly used acid-labile linkers along with the most recent and sophisticated.
Fusing interferometric radar and laser altimeter data to estimate surface topography and vegetation heights (2001)

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (INSAR) and laser altimeter (LIDAR) systems are both widely used for mapping topography. INSAR can map extended areas but accuracies are limited over vegetated regions, primarily because the observations are not measurements of true surface topography. The measurements correspond to a height above the true surface that depends on both the sensor and the vegetation. Conversely, topography from LIDAR is very accurate, but coverage is limited to smaller regions. The authors demonstrate how these technologies can be used synergistically. First, the authors determine surface elevations and vegetation heights from dual-baseline INSAR data by inverting an INSAR scattering model. The authors then combine sparse LIDAR observations with the INSAR inversion results to improve the estimates of ground elevations and vegetation heights. This is accomplished via a multiresolution Kalman Filter that provides both the estimates and a measure of their uncertainty at each location. Combining data from the two sensors provides estimates that are more accurate than those obtained from INSAR alone yet have dense, extensive coverage, which is difficult to obtain with LIDAR. Contributions of this work include (1) combining physical modeling with multiscale estimation to accommodate nonlinear measurement-state relationships and (2) improving estimates of ground elevations and vegetation heights for remote sensing applications.
Secondary enzyme-substrate interactions: kinetic evidence for ionic interactions between substrate side chains and the pepsin active site (1988)

The possibility that pig pepsin has a cation binding specificity in its secondary binding subsites has been examined by the pepsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of a series of synthetic octa- to undecapeptide substrates. These chromophoric substrates are cleaved by pepsin in the phenylalanyl-p-nitrophenylalanyl (Phe-Nph) bond. Lys and Arg residues were placed into seven different positions in the substrates, and their effect on kcat and Km was examined between pH 2.8 and pH 5.8 (I = 0.1 M, 37 degrees C). Kinetic evidence indicates the existence in the enzyme binding subsites S4, S3, S2, S3', S4', and S5' of a group(s) which become(s) negatively charged at higher pH. For most substrates, the magnitude as well as the pH dependence of kcat was unaffected by the presence of Lys or Arg in these peptides. In contrast, changes up to 5 orders of magnitude were observed for Km, depending on the number of basic residues and on their positions in the sequence. Km for a group of substrates at pH greater than 5.5 was lower than 50 nM. Values for kcat/Km for some substrates exceed the level of 10(8) M-1 s-1. Therefore, the free energy derived from ionic interactions in secondary binding sites influences mostly the binding step on the reaction pathway. This result is in contrast to the previous observations that the length and the hydrophobic character of the substrate residues in some positions influence kcat with little effect on Km toward shorter substrates of pepsin [Fruton, J. (1976) Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 44, 1-36].
Power Control of High Speed Network Interconnects in Data Centers (2009)

With continuing speed increases of communication links found both inside and outside the servers in a data center, link power management is becoming an important issue. In this paper we examine width control of such links and show that it provides substantial benefits over other methods for latency sensitive applications. The paper also presents the design of a specific width control algorithm called DWCA (dynamic width control algorithm) that is effective and easily implemented in hardware at high data rates.
X-Chromosome Inactivation in Rett Syndrome Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2012)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects girls due primarily to heterozygous mutations in the X-linked gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2). Random X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) results in cellular mosaicism in which some cells express wild-type (WT) MECP2 while other cells express mutant MECP2. The generation of patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) facilitates the production of RTT-hiPSC-derived neurons in vitro to investigate disease mechanisms and identify novel drug treatments. The generation of RTT-hiPSCs has been reported by many laboratories, however, the XCI status of RTT-hiPSCs has been inconsistent. Some report RTT-hiPSCs retain the inactive X-chromosome (post-XCI) of the founder somatic cell allowing isogenic RTT-hiPSCs that express only the WT or mutant MECP2 allele to be isolated from the same patient. Post-XCI RTT-hiPSCs-derived neurons retain this allele-specific expression pattern of WT or mutant MECP2. Conversely, others report RTT-hiPSCs in which the inactive X-chromosome of the founder somatic cell reactivates (pre-XCI) upon reprogramming into RTT-hiPSCs. Pre-XCI RTT-hiPSC-derived neurons exhibit random XCI resulting in cellular mosaicism with respect to WT and mutant MECP2 expression. Here we review and attempt to interpret the inconsistencies in XCI status of RTT-hiPSCs generated to date by comparison to other pluripotent systems in vitro and in vivo and the methods used to analyze XCI. Finally, we discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of post- and pre-XCI hiPSCs in the context of RTT, and other X-linked and autosomal disorders for translational medicine.
Enhancing supervised learning algorithms via self-organization (1989)

A neural network processing scheme is proposed which utilizes a self-organizing Kohonen feature map as the front end to a feedforward classifier network. The results of a series of benchmarking studies based upon artificial statistical pattern recognition tasks indicate that the proposed architecture performs significantly better than do conventional feedforward classifier networks when the decision regions are disjoint. This is attributed to the fact that the self-organization process allows internal units in the succeeding classifier network to be sensitive to a specific set of features in the input space at the outset of training.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Where the action is …: … in this edition, St Luke's Anglicare, Bendigo, Victoria: Sexual offending adolescents: A challenge for out-of-home care services (2004)

An issue of some concern that has emerged in the field of youth welfare in recent years is that of treatment services for young people who are sexually abusive and unable to reside with their families, or other family settings. This issue has been of such concern to staff at St Luke's Anglicare in Central Victoria that a project of review, both of the need for therapeutic intervention and of contemporary practices, was undertaken in the last twelve months. This short paper summarises the specific findings of staff who worked on this practice oriented project and makes recommendations for future practice with the client group.
Language recognition with discriminative keyword selection (2008)

One commonly used approach for language recognition is to convert the input speech into a sequence of tokens such as words or phones and then to use these token sequences to determine the target language. The language classification is typically performed by extracting N-gram statistics from the token sequences and then using an N-gram language model or support vector machine (SVM) to perform the classification. One problem with these approaches is that the number of N-grams grows exponentially as the order N is increased. This is especially problematic for an SVM classifier as each utterance is represented as a distinct N-gram vector. In this paper we propose a novel approach for modeling higher order N-grams using an SVM via an alternating filter-wrapper feature selection method. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique on the NIST 2007 language recognition task.
Application of Vectorial Dimensioning and Tolerancing to an Unique 3-D Stackup Analysis (2003)

Application of Vectorial Dimensioning and Tolerancing to an Unique 3-D Stackup Analysis