gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probiotic features of two oral Lactobacillus isolates (2012)

In this study, we checked lactobacilli strains of human origin for their potential as probiotic. Samples were collected from oral mucosa of 16 healthy individuals, out of which twenty isolates were obtained and two of them were selected and identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (G1) and L. casei (G3). Both isolates exhibited antagonistic action towards pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella abony, and Clostridium sporogenes, but not on the growth of Candida albicans. The bacteriocin activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6358-P was shown only by L. plantarum G1. Moreover, the isolates G1 and G3 showed good viability in the acid gastric environment and in the gut environment containing bovine bile salts. The viability of G1 and G3 isolates in the gastrointestinal tract, and the adhesion to the intestinal mucosa were also confirmed in vivo. The biochemical tests of blood samples revealed lower levels of serum triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase in all lactobacilli-treated Wistar rats, compared to control ones. No toxicity for NMRI Ham mice was observed. According to our experimental results, these findings imply that L. plantarum G1 and L. casei G3 could be characterized as potential probiotics.
Cell death of motoneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord. I. A light and electron microscopic study of naturally occurring and induced cell loss during development (1978)

Abstract The onset and sequence of cell death in the lateral motoneurons of the lumbar spinal cord of the chick embryo was studied between 4 and 18 days of incubation by light and electron microscopy. The naturally occurring degeneration of a few motoneurons begins already on day 4 of incubation, but the cell loss becomes much more frequent from day 5.5 to day 9, during which 40% of the neuron population degenerates. In the light microscope, the degenerating neurons are seen to undergo shrinkage and condensation. Ultrastructurally, two types of degeneration can be recognized. In the first, termed Type I , the polyribosomes are dissociated and appear free in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes also become detached from rough endoplasmic reticulum, although small pieces of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum are still recognizable. Most of the mitochondria are vacuolized. These changes are accompanied by the appearance of a pyknotic nucleus which contains condensed chromatin masses. The most characteristic feature in what we term Type II degeneration is the striking dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum, the nuclear envelope and the Golgi apparatus. Ribosomes still form distinctly rosette‐like polyribosomes. A few mitochondria show signs of degeneration. The nuclear profile in most cells of this type is rounded whereas the chromatin is becoming condensed. In the late stages of Type II degeneration, the dilated membrane systems break down into numerous vesicles some of which still have ribosomes attached. Only late in the sequence of Type II degeneration do polyribosomes then dissociate to free monoribosomes. The degeneration process in both types leads finally to cell death and complete cellular breakdown: the entire process being due to an autolytic mechanism. The nuclear envelope breaks down and the nuclear content becomes mixed with lytic cytoplasm. The dying cell finally either condenses into one big globule or several smaller fragmented globules. All the globular debris are highly osmiophilic and compact. Only at this stage of breakdown is the cell debris phagocytozed by radial ependymal processes and mononuclear leukocytes. The entire degenerative process in these immature neurons is strikingly rapid. In the case of induced cell death by removal of the limb bud on day 2.5, we found that both types of degeneration described above also occur in the peripherally deprived lateral motor column (LMC). The only obvious difference is that limb bud removal increases the speed and the number of cells undergoing degeneration. By day 10, about 90% of the neuron population in the deprived LMC have completely disappeared.
Regulation of Starch Synthesis (1989)

A key site in the regulation of starch synthesis is the enzymatic step where ADPglucose (ADPGlc) is synthesized. 3-P-Glycerate activates and orthophosphate (Pi) inhibits ADPGlc synthetase (EC 2.7.7.27) activity. Spinach leaf ADPGlc synthetase is composed of two subunits, of 51 and 54 kilodaltons (kd) mass. Their N-terminal amino acid sequences and tryptic peptide maps are different and they are antigenically dissimilar. Pyridoxal-P (PLP), an activator analog, when reduced onto ADPGlc synthetase causes the enzyme to be more active in the absence of activator. The covalently modified enzyme is very resistant to Pi inhibition suggesting that PLP binds at or close to the activator site. The activator binding site sequence is close to the carboxyl terminus of the enzyme. Starchless mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana have been isolated that lack or contain low ADPGlc synthetase activity. Genetic analysis showed that the deficiency of both starch and ADPGlc synthetase activity in the mutants were attributable to a single, nuclear, recessive gene demonstrating that in vivo leaf starch synthesis is entirely dependent on a pathway involving ADPGlc synthesis. Recent results show that the photo affinity substrate analogue, 8-azidoADPglucose (8-N3ADPGlc) inactivates the spinach leaf enzyme when irradiated with UV light. ADPGlc can protect the enzyme from inactivation. When labeled 8-N3ADPGlc is used, incorporation is seen mainly if not solely in the 54 kd subunit. A partial deduced amino acid sequence of the spinach leaf ADPGlc synthetase 51 kd subunit has been obtained from two cDNA clones and compared with the known deduced amino acid sequence of the Escherichia coli and rice endosperm ADPGlc synthetases.
Self-organisation processes in the chemistry of materials (2003)

The review concerns conservative and dissipative self-organisation phenomena in those physicochemical systems, whose evolution involves formation of diverse chemically complex products, including functional ceramics, supramolecular compounds, and nanocomposites as well as fractal, template and epitaxial structures. It is demonstrated that the use of nonlinear dynamics approaches facilitates organisation of the reaction zone during the synthesis of materials under nonequilibrium conditions in an optimum manner and that biomimetism and biomineralisation processes open up new prospects for materials design. The bibliography includes 308 references.
The portable gas chromatograph OralChroma™: a method of choice to detect oral and extra-oral halitosis (2008)

It is now generally accepted that the volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide are the main contributors to halitosis when of oropharyngeal origin. Gas chromatography using a specific sulfur detector is the most appropriate method to detect halitosis of different origin (intra-oral and extra-oral halitosis) and should be considered as the gold standard. However, a gas chromatograph is an expensive apparatus and needs trained personnel. The less specific Halimeter is the most used apparatus in halitosis research. In this study a newly developed portable gas chromatograph, the OralChroma™ (Abilit Corporation, Japan), was evaluated for use in the field of halitosis. The results show that the OralChroma is a very sensitive apparatus for measuring VSCs. Just like standard gas chromatography, it can perfectly differentiate between intra-oral and extra-oral blood-borne halitosis, while the Halimeter can only detect intra-oral halitosis. The hardware of the OralChroma meets all the needs for becoming the apparatus of choice in the field of halitosis. However, the software needs a major revision. Sometimes, the concentrations given for the different VSCs are completely incorrect due to a wrong assignment of the place of the VSCs in the chromatogram.
Anticancer Potential and Mechanism of Action of Mango Ginger (<i>Curcuma amada</i> Roxb.) Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extract in Human Glioblastoma Cells (2014)

Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) is among the less-investigated species of Curcuma for anticancer properties. We have investigated the anticancer potential and the mechanism of action of a supercritical CO2 extract of mango ginger (CA) in the U-87MG human glioblastoma cell line. CA demonstrated higher cytotoxicity than temozolomide, etoposide, curcumin, and turmeric force with IC50, IC75, and IC90 values of 4.92 μg/mL, 12.87 μg/mL, and 21.30 μg/mL, respectively. Inhibitory concentration values of CA for normal embryonic mouse hypothalamus cell line (mHypoE-N1) is significantly higher than glioblastoma cell line, indicating the specificity of CA against brain tumor cells. CompuSyn analysis indicates that CA acts synergistically with temozolomide and etoposide for the cytotoxicity with combination index values of <1. CA treatment also induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner and downregulates genes associated with apoptosis, cell proliferation, telomerase activity, oncogenesis, and drug resistance in glioblastoma cells.
The Separation of Rare Earths by Ion Exchange.<sup>1</sup> III. Pilot Plant Scale Separations (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Separation of Rare Earths by Ion Exchange.1 III. Pilot Plant Scale SeparationsF. H. Spedding, E. I. Fulmer, T. A. Butler, E. M. Gladrow, M. Gobush, P. E. Porter, J. E. Powell, and J. M. WrightCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 11, 2812–2818Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01203a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01203a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highly Activatable and Environment-Insensitive Optical Highlighters for Selective Spatiotemporal Imaging of Target Proteins (2012)

Optical highlighters are photoactivatable fluorescent molecules that exhibit pronounced changes in their spectral properties in response to irradiation with light of a specific wavelength and intensity. Here, we present a novel design strategy for a new class of caged BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) fluorophores, based on the use of photoremovable protecting groups (PRPGs) with high reduction potentials that serve as both a photosensitive unit and a fluorescence quencher via photoinduced electron transfer (PeT). 2,6-Dinitrobenzyl (DNB)-caged BODIPY was efficiently photoactivated, with activation ratios exceeding 600-fold in aqueous solutions. We then combined this photoactivatable fluorophore with a SNAP (mutant of O(6)-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase) ligand to obtain a small-molecule-based optical highlighter for visualization of protein dynamics, using the well-established SNAP tag technology. As proof of concept, we demonstrate spatiotemporal imaging of the fusion protein of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with SNAP tag in living cells. We also demonstrate highlighting of cells of interest in live zebrafish embryos, using the fusion protein of histone 2A with SNAP tag.
Living Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers through a Photoinduced Radical Oxidation/Addition/Deactivation Sequence (2016)

A new photoinitiating system for living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers is reported. In the current approach, visible-light irradiation of dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn<sub>2</sub> (CO)<sub>10</sub> ) in the presence of an alkyl bromide results in the formation of carbon-centered radicals. The photochemically generated radicals were then oxidized by diphenyliodonium ions to the corresponding cations. These cations can add vinyl ether monomers, which are then rapidly deactivated by the bromide anions to give α-halide functional end groups. Poly(vinyl ether) chains are then grown through successive photoinduced radical oxidation/addition/deactivation (PROAD) in a controlled manner. The living nature of the system is evaluated through kinetics studies and block copolymer formation.
Multi-layered analyses using directed partitioning to identify and discriminate between biogenic amines (2007)

Multiple layers of statistical analyses were used to decipher the response from a single, cross-reactive conjugated polymer (1) providing enhanced classification accuracies over traditional multivariate statistical approaches. This analysis was demonstrated by classifying a series of seven biologically relevant, nonvolatile amines (i.e. biogenic amines). If only a single layer of analysis was employed (linear discriminant analysis), 89% classification accuracy was achieved lacking any concentration information. However, using this multi-layered, group-ungroup method, the analytes were first categorized based on general class of molecule (directed partitioning), i.e. aromatic, aliphatic, polyamines, with 98% accuracy. In a second analysis layer, these sub-groups were broken down into the individual molecular components, with the aliphatic and aromatic amines classifying near 99%, while the polyamine identification accuracy approached 90%. In the third layer of analysis, the concentration of the analytes in question was determined in the biologically relevant range within approximately 10% accuracy by following trends in the principle component analysis output.
Mathematical Model for Simulating Behavior of Fauser-Montecatini Industrial Reactors for Methanol Synthesis (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMathematical Model for Simulating Behavior of Fauser-Montecatini Industrial Reactors for Methanol SynthesisA. Cappelli, A. Collina, and M. DenteCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1972, 11, 2, 184–190Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/i260042a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (551 KB) Get e-Alerts
P2–417: Oral phenserine tartrate treatment is associated with reduced plasma Abeta 1–42 in a phase I clinical study (2006)

(–)–Phenserine tartrate (PT), a selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, improves cognition in rodents and has been in Phase III Alzheimer's disease (AD) trials. Studies of animals and human neuroblastoma cells in vitro, showed PT lowered beta–amyloid (Abeta) and Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) levels (Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 46:161–8, 1997; PNAS 98: 7605–10, 2001). The current study examined oral PT's effects on Abeta levels in plasma from a multiple–dose Phase I study in healthy subjects. The study examined two dose regimens in two parallel groups: a fed and a fasted group, each originally consisting of 6 men and 6 women. Subjects were given 10 mg BID PT from Day 1 through Day 28, followed by 15 mg BID PT from Day 29 through Day 34. On the morning of Day 35, subjects received a final dose of 15 mg PT. Plasma samples were collected on Days 1, 28, 29, and 35. Plasma APP and Abeta were measured at selected time points in samples from 11 subjects by modifying sandwich ELISA kits obtained from Biosource, IBL and Innogenetics and plasma phenserine was quantified by LC/MS/MS. Changes from baseline were analyzed because there was no placebo group. Plasma PT levels reached a peak at about 1.5 to 1.6 hr on Days 1 and 35. Abeta 1–42, a major drug target in AD was significantly reduced on day 35 after 1 week on the high dose of the drug (p < 0.01 relative to baseline; Mean ± SEM Day 1 predose=102.2 ± 2.6 pg/mL; Day 35 predose= 101.9 ± 2.8; Day 35 2 h post–treatment= 81.3 ± 6.2 pg/mL) The decline of A–beta–42 concentrations on day 35 generally mirrored the increase of plasma phenserine concentrations following dosing. APP levels were also reduced 2 hr post treatment on day 35. The results show that phenserine treatment is associated with reduced Abeta 1–42, and in addition to inhibiting acetylcholinesterase provides potentially two modes of AD treatment. We thank Axonyx Corporation and NIH (R01AG023055 to KS) for supporting these studies.
Extracting probable command and control signatures for detecting botnets (2014)

Botnets, which are networks of compromised machines under the control of a single malicious entity, are a serious threat to online security. The fact that botnets, by definition, receive their commands from a single entity can be leveraged to fight them. To this end, one requires techniques that can detect command and control (C&C) traffic, as well as the servers that host C&C services. Given the knowledge of a C&C server's IP address, one can use this information to detect all hosts that attempt to contact such a server, and subsequently disinfect, disable, or block the infected machines. This information can also be used by law enforcement to take down the C&C server.
Intracavity KTP-based OPO pumped by a dual-loss modulated, simultaneously Q-switched and mode-locked Nd:GGG laser (2014)

An intracavity KTiOPO(4) (KTP) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by a simultaneously Q-switched and mode-locked (QML) Nd:Gd(3)Ga(5)O(12) (Nd:GGG) laser with an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) and a Cr(4+):YAG saturable absorber is presented. A minimum mode-locking pulse duration underneath the Q-switched envelope was evaluated to be about 290 ps. A maximum QML output power of 82 mW at the signal wavelength of 1570 nm was achieved, corresponding to a maximum mode-locked pulse energy of about 5.12 μJ. The M(2) values were measured to be about 1.3 and 1.5 for tangential and sagittal directions using knife-edge technique.
Repulsive van der Waals Forces. II. Mechanism of Hydrophobic Chromatography (1979)

Abstract When two materials with different interfacial free energies are immersed in a liquid with an interfacial free energy intermediate between those of the two materials, the net van der Waals forces between these two materials are repulsive. Thus by lowering the interfacial free energy of the liquid medium, solutes or particles previously adsorbed onto low energy surfaces can be readily eluted from such surfaces. This is demonstrated by the coupling to and subsequent elution from Octyl Sepharose and Phenyl Sepharose of serum and other proteins. The elution of all proteins commenced when the surface tension of the eluting liquid was decreased to a point just below that of the protein in question. The eluted serum proteins successively emerged from the column in the exact decreasing order of their own interfacial free energies. In hydrophobic chromatography, coupling is favored when the van der Waals forces between solutes (or particles) and ligand are attractive (and maximum, frequently through the admixture of salts); elution is brought about by causing the van der Waals interaction between each solute (or particle) and ligand successively to become repulsive (by gradually lowering the surface tension of the eluting liquid).
Development and experimental validation of a computational model in order to simulate ice cube production in a thermoelectric ice-maker (2009)

We have developed a computational model which allows the simulation of a thermoelectric device to make ice cubes in a vapour compression domestic fridge. This model solves both the thermoelectric and heat transfer equations, including the phase change equations in the ice cube production. The inputs of the model are: the thermoelectric parameters as a function of the temperature; dimensions; material properties (thermal resistances and capacities) and the boundary conditions (room temperature and voltage supplied to the Peltier module). The outputs are the values of the temperature for all the elements of the thermoelectric ice-maker and the ice production. In the experimental phase a prototype of a thermoelectric ice-maker incorporated in a vapour compression domestic fridge was constructed in order to adjust and validate the computational model, and to optimise the experimental application. This ice-maker has two Peltier modules, some aluminum cylinders, called fingers, where the ice is made, and a component that acts as heat extender and dissipater which connects the hot side of Peltier module with the freezer compartment. The ice formation on the fingers is obtained by the cooling on the Peltier modules. When the ice cubes are formed, the voltage polarity of the thermoelectric modules is switched so the fingers warm up until the ice around the fingers melts. Then the ice cubes are dropped by gravity. This paper studies the production of ice cubes using the computational model and the experiment results and analyses the most important parameters for the optimisation of the ice-maker (voltage supplied to the Peltier module, thermal resistance of the hot side dissipater and initial water temperature).
TCP-Stream reassembly and state tracking in hardware (2003)

In this paper we consider a new approach to network intrusion detection. Conventional network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are software based. We propose to selectively implement portions of the functionality of a state-of-the-art software NIDS in reconfigurable hardware. This increases performance even under hostile loads and will enable efficient intrusion detection in future multi-gigabit networks. Specifically, we consider the problem of TCP-stream reassembly. We present a high-performance TCP stream reassembly and state tracking module targeted for incorporation into an agile reconfigurable network interface based on Xilinx Virtex technology.