gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in subjects with normal renal function and in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. (1980)

The net renal metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in the post absorptive state was evaluated in subjects with normal renal function and in patients with chronic renal insufficiency by measuring renal uptake and release, and urinary excretion of free amino acids and ammonia. In normal subjects the kidney extracts glutamine, proline, citrulline, and phenylalanine and releases serine, arginine, taurine, threonine, tyrosine, ornithine, lysine, and perhaps alanine. The renal uptake of amino acids from arterial blood occurs by way of plasma only, whereas approximately a half of amino acid release takes place by way of blood cells. Glycine is taken up from arterial plasma, while similar amounts of this amino acid are released by way of blood cells. In the same subjects total renal ammonia production can be largely accounted for by glutamine extracted. In patients with chronic renal insufficiency (a) the renal uptake of phenylalanine and the release of taurine and ornithine disappear; (b) the uptake of glutamine and proline, and the release of serine and threonine are reduced by 80--90%; (c) the uptake of citrulline and the release of alanine, arginine, tyrosine, and lysine are reduced by 60--70%; (d) no exchange of glycine is detectable either by way of plasma or by way of blood cells; (e) exchange of any other amino acid via blood cells disappears, and (f) total renal ammonia production is reduced and not more than 35% of such production can be accounted for by glutamine extracted, so that alternative precursors must be used. A 140% excess of nitrogen release found in the same patients suggests an intrarenal protein and peptide breakdown, which eventually provides free amino acids for ammonia production.
Diagnosis of Lymphomas by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (1994)

Journal Article Diagnosis of Lymphomas by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Get access Wing C. Chan, MD, Wing C. Chan, MD Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Timothy C. Greiner, MD Timothy C. Greiner, MD Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 102, Issue 3, 1 September 1994, Pages 273–274, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/102.3.273 Published: 01 September 1994
Inactivation of Horseradish Peroxidase by Phenoxyl Radical Attack (2005)

To test the hypothesis that horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can be inactivated by phenoxyl radicals upon reaction with H(2)O(2)/phenol, we probed HRP-catalyzed phenol oxidation at various phenol/H(2)O(2) concentrations. To this end the total protein, phenolic product, active protein, and iron concentrations in the aqueous phase were determined by protein assay, phenol-(14)C isotopic labeling, resonance Raman and atomic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Additionally, resonance Raman and FTIR measurements were carried out to probe possible structural changes of the enzyme during the reaction. The data obtained provide the first experimental support for the hypothesis that HRP can be inactivated by a phenoxyl radical attack. The heme macrocycle destruction involving deprivation of the heme iron occurs as a result of the reaction. An intermediate type of the active protein was observed by Raman difference spectra at low concentrations which features a stabilization of the quantum mixed state of the heme iron and a significant amount of phenoxylphenol-type oligomers in solution and probably also in the heme pocket. This work provides a basis for evaluating the relative contributions of different HRP inactivation mechanisms and is thus critical for optimizing engineering applications involving HRP reactions.
Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Reduction of β,β‐Disubstituted Nitroalkenes (2003)

Efficient addition: Bisphosphane–CuI complexes catalyze the enantioselective reduction of β,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes, giving chiral β,β-disubstituted nitroalkanes in useful yields and selectivities (see scheme). The reaction can be carried out with as little as 0.1 mol % of complex, rendering the process among one of the more efficient methods for conjugate addition chemistry. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2003/z52175_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Plasma Concentration of von Willebrand Factor in Acute Myocardial Infarction (2000)

Recent investigations have revealed the crucial role of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in platelet thrombus formation under flow conditions. The plasma concentrations of vWF were measured together with various hemodynamic and hemostatic parameters in 51 cases of acute myocardial infarction. In 10 randomly selected cases, the plasma concentrations and distribution of multimers vWF were serially determined after reperfusion therapy by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The vWF concentration at the onset of the acute myocardial infarction was significantly higher than in an age-matched control group (vWF AG: 18.7 +/- 1.2 microg/ml vs. 10.3 +/- 0.5 microg/ml, p = 8.43 x 10-(12), mean +/- SE). Simultaneous determination of hemodynamic and hemostatic parameters revealed that the only two parameters that were significantly correlated with the patients' plasma vWF concentrations were their pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and heart rate, suggesting a relationship between hemodynamic changes induced by the onset of myocardial infarction and the vWF plasma concentrations. Serial determinations revealed that the vWF concentrations had not changed 1 h after reperfusion therapy, but that they significantly increased by 24 to 72 h. The distribution of the larger multimers of vWF also increased in the acute and subacute phase. The vWF concentration and multimer distribution normalized 14 days after the onset of the myocardial infarction. Our findings suggest that the vWF concentration increased in acute myocardial infarction patients, possibly in association with the hemodynamic deterioration that occurs in acute myocardial infarction.
Detection of Antigens in Biologically Complex Fluids with Photografted Whole Antibodies (2006)

A highly sensitive (pM), efficient (t < 20 min) detection assay was developed by designing surfaces with grafted antibodies. Through this approach, a short half-life antigen, glucagon, was rapidly detected in a biologically complex plasma/blood environment. Tailoring of graft composition eliminates the need for time-consuming blocking steps, significantly reducing antigen-antibody incubation times, while maintaining antibody specificity and activity toward target antigen. Grafted antibodies were bound through solvated, mobile polymer chains, thereby circumventing problems associated with antibody accessibility, analyte diffusion, and steric limitations. The efficiency of this assay is provided through grafting synthesized, acrylated antibodies in the presence of PEG monoacrylate. This procedure eliminates the need for blocking steps, due to a decrease in nonspecific protein interactions. These polymerizable antibodies were tethered with a range of densities while retaining biological activity. Moreover, biological activity of acrylated antibodies was compared to that of unmodified antibodies and remained comparable. The acrylated antibodies were grafted from substrate surfaces using controlled radical photopolymerization, maintaining the advantages of classical antibody immobilization techniques while providing improved detection. Through integrating this antibody conjugation chemistry and immunoassay approach with photolithographic techniques, construction of spatial patterns on a microfluidic device was demonstrated for efficient, parallel screening of multiple antigens.
Experimental observation of percolation-enhanced nonlinear light scattering from semicontinuous metal films (2001)

Strongly enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG), which is characterized by a nearly isotropic intensity distribution, is observed for gold-glass films near the percolation threshold. The diffuselike SHG scattering, which can be thought of as nonlinear critical opalescence, is in sharp contrast with highly collimated linear reflection and transmission from these nanostructured semicontinuous metal films. Our observations, which can be explained by giant fluctuations of local nonlinear sources for SHG due to plasmon localization, verify recent predictions of percolation-enhanced nonlinear scattering.
Advanced EMS applications using synchrophasor systems for grid operation (2014)

The 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> anniversary of the 2003 North-East blackout reminds us the challenges faced and solutions proposed. Several converging technologies are reaching control center operations. Synchronized phasor measurements enable readings of voltages and currents across the power system and provide a more accurate state estimation than the existing Energy Management System (EMS). A synchrophasor system covering a large footprint coupled with fast sampling rates may be best served by a distributed architecture to process data for new advanced algorithms and for historical analysis. The architecture is divided into three levels for data management, functional analysis, and interface to an existing EMS. The present architecture is summarized as local substation data concentrators (PDCs) and control center PDCs that are connected to the existing EMS. Implementation experiences with the execution of state estimation at substation level, communication level, as well as the EMS level by PG&E are presented to demonstrate EMS evolution as part of technological developments.
Expression of Aberrant Forms of<i>AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR8</i>Stimulates Parthenocarpy in Arabidopsis and Tomato (2007)

Fruit initiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is generally repressed until fertilization occurs. However, mutations in AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR8 (ARF8) uncouple fruit initiation from fertilization, resulting in the formation of seedless, parthenocarpic fruit. Here we induced parthenocarpy in wild-type Arabidopsis by introducing either the mutant genomic (g) Atarf8-4 sequence or gAtARF8:beta-glucuronidase translational fusion constructs by plant transformation. Silencing of endogenous AtARF8 transcription was not observed, indicating that the introduced, aberrant ARF8 transcripts were compromising the function of endogenous ARF8 and/or associated factors involved in suppressing fruit initiation. To analyze the role of ARF8 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) we initially emasculated 23 tomato cultivars to test for background parthenocarpy. Surprisingly, all had a predisposition to initiate fertilization-independent fruit growth. Expression of gAtarf8-4 in transgenic tomato ('Monalbo') resulted in a significant increase in the number and size of parthenocarpic fruit. Isolation of tomato ARF8 cDNA indicated significant sequence conservation with AtARF8. SlARF8 may therefore control tomato fruit initiation in a similar manner as AtARF8 does in Arabidopsis. Two SlARF8 cDNAs differing in size by 5 bp were found, both arising from the same gene. The smaller cDNA is a splice variant and is also present in Arabidopsis. We propose that low endogenous levels of the splice variant products might interfere with efficient formation/function of a complex repressing fruit initiation, thereby providing an explanation for the observed ovary expansion in tomato and also Arabidopsis after emasculation. Increasing the levels of aberrant Atarf8-4 transcripts may further destabilize formation/function of the complex in a dosage-dependent manner enhancing tomato parthenocarpic fruit initiation frequency and size and mimicking the parthenocarpic dehiscent silique phenotype found in homozygous Atarf8-4 mutants. Collectively these data suggest that similar mechanisms involving auxin signaling exist to inhibit parthenocarpic fruit set in tomato and Arabidopsis.
Monitoring operational mining equipment using Sprouts Wireless Sensor Network platform (2013)

This paper discusses the application use of our WSN platform called Sprouts to monitor the current erosion conditions and retrieval of lost shovel-teeth in the Oil Sands mining operations of Ft. McMurray, Alberta, Canada. The modular architecture design of Sprouts allows us to customize the platform to monitor the thickness of shovel teeth and localize their position upon detachment. Utilizing our Sprouts plug-and-play protocol, we implement three sensor modules to monitor the thickness of the shovel tooth in operation using ultrasound waves, detect the event of a fallen shovel-tooth, and aid the retrieval of fallen shovel teeth using trilateration localization before they cause damage to crushers.
Solution Processed, White Emitting Tandem Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Inverted Device Architecture (2014)

Fully solution processed monochromatic and white-light emitting tandem or multi-photon polymer OLEDs with an inverted device architecture have been realized by employing WO3 /PEDOT:PSS/ZnO/PEI charge carrier generation layers. The luminance of the sub-OLEDs adds up in the stacked device indicating multi-photon emission. The white OLEDs exhibit a CRI of 75.
Cytolytic T cells induce ceramide-rich platforms in target cell membranes to initiate graft-versus-host disease (2009)

Alloreactive donor cytolytic T lymphocytes play a critical role in pathophysiology of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). As GVHD progression involves tumor necrosis factor superfamily receptor activation, and as apoptotic signaling for some tumor necrosis factor superfamily receptors might involve acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase)-mediated ceramide generation, we hypothesized that ASMase deletion would ameliorate GVHD. Using clinically relevant mouse models of acute GVHD in which allogeneic bone marrow and T cells were transplanted into asmase+/+ and asmase(-/-) hosts, we identify host ASMase as critical for full-blown GVHD. Lack of host ASMase reduced the acute inflammatory phase of GVHD, attenuating cytokine storm, CD8+ T-cell proliferation/activation, and apoptosis of relevant graft-versus-host target cells (hepatocytes, intestinal, and skin cells). Organ injury was diminished in asmase(-/-) hosts, and morbidity and mortality improved at 90 days after transplantation. Resistance to cytolytic T lymphocyte-induced apoptosis was found at the target cell membrane if hepatocytes lack ASMase, as hepatocyte apoptosis required target cell ceramide generation for formation of ceramide-rich macrodomains, sites concentrating proapoptotic Fas. These studies indicate a requirement for target cell ASMase in evolution of GVHD in liver, small intestines, and skin and provide potential new targets for disease management.
[Statistical self-similarity of channel networks in Zagunao River catchments]. (2006)

Self-similarity of channel networks is an important field in hydrologic scaling research, while the statistical self-similarity of channel networks is to study the similarity of the probabilistic distribution functions of network parameters at different scales. In this paper, the relationships between the entire network and the streams of the same Horton-Strahler order were derived in terms of the probabilistic distribution of network parameters, and empirical tests were performed by using the DEM data of Zagunao River catchments. The results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov Two-Sample test showed that the derived equations fitted the empirical data well, suggesting that the relationships between the entire network and the streams of the same Horton-Strahler order were of complicated cascade rather than "simple scaling".
A Visual Vocabulary for Flower Classification (2006)

We investigate to what extent ‘bag of visual words’ models can be used to distinguish categories which have significant visual similarity. To this end we develop and optimize a nearest neighbour classifier architecture, which is evaluated on a very challenging database of flower images. The flower categories are chosen to be indistinguishable on colour alone (for example), and have considerable variation in shape, scale, and viewpoint. We demonstrate that by developing a visual vocabulary that explicitly represents the various aspects (colour, shape, and texture) that distinguish one flower from another, we can overcome the ambiguities that exist between flower categories. The novelty lies in the vocabulary used for each aspect, and how these vocabularies are combined into a final classifier. The various stages of the classifier (vocabulary selection and combination) are each optimized on a validation set. Results are presented on a dataset of 1360 images consisting of 17 flower species. It is shown that excellent performance can be achieved, far surpassing standard baseline algorithms using (for example) colour cues alone.
Classification of multispectral images using Random Forest algorithm (2012)

Rastgele Orman algoritmasi kullanilarak cok bantli goruntulerin siniflandirilmasi Rastgele Orman (RO) algoritmasi en basarili siniflandirma yontemlerinden biri olarak bilinir. Dogasi geregi cok farkli disiplinlere hitap etmesinden dolayi, RO farkli alanlarda calisan arastirmacilarin dikkatini cekmektedir. Bu calisma, farkli konumsal cozunurluge ve karakteristige sahip cok bantli uydu goruntuleri kullanarak RO algoritmasinin performansini incelemeyi amaclamaktadir. Kullanilan uydu goruntuleri dort bantli Ikonos ve QuickBird goruntuleridir. 2005 ve 2008 yillarinda elde edilen QuickBird goruntuleri sirasiyla hem kentsel hem de kirsal alanlari kapsarken, 2003 yilinda alinan Ikonos goruntusu, ozellikle kentsel alani icermektedir. Ayrica, 2005 yilinda alinan QuickBird goruntusu ruzgarli havanin yol actigi dalgalar nedeniyle Karadeniz uzerinde gurultulu oruntuler icermektedir. RO’nun performansini degerlendirmek icin siniflandirma sonuclari, Gentle AdaBoost (GAB), En Cok Benzerlik (ECB) ve Destek Vektor Makineleri (DVM) algoritmalarindan elde edilen sonuclarla karsilastirilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclar RO’nun diger yontemlerden daha yuksek siniflandirma dogrulugu verdigini gostermektedir. Kentsel alan uzerinde cekilen Ikonos goruntusune ait sonuclar, RO algoritmasinin, DVM’ den %10 daha yuksek siniflandirma dogrulugu verdigini, GAB algoritmasinin ise en dusuk siniflandirma dogruluguna sahip oldugunu (RO’dan %14 daha dusuk) gostermektedir. Kirsal alan uzerinde alinan QuickBird goruntusune (2008 yilinda alinan)ait sonuclar diger yontemlerden elde edilen sonuclarla karsilastirildiginda RO’ nun daha iyi sonuc verdigi gorulmustur. Gurultuye benzer oruntuler iceren QuickBird goruntusu icin de RO’nun, DVM’den yaklasik %11 daha yuksek siniflandirma dogrulugu verdigi gozlenmistir.
Structurally diverse molecular deletions in the beta-globin gene cluster exhibit an identical phenotype on interaction with the beta S- gene (1985)

We have characterized a new deletion that increases hemoglobin F synthesis in an American black woman who is doubly heterozygous for this mutation and the beta S-gene. The 5 ' endpoint is 2.4 +/- 0.1 kilobases (kb) upstream from the delta-globin gene, and the 3′ endpoint is 0.2 +/- 0.1 kb downstream from the beta-globin gene; the deletion is 12 kb long. Both members of the Alu moderately repetitive DNA sequence family, normally present upstream from the delta-globin gene, are preserved. The patient is asymptomatic with a mild anemia and 24.8% HbF. The patient's husband and daughter have a similar clinical syndrome, with HbF levels of 22.4% and 25.4%, respectively. Both husband and daughter are doubly heterozygous for the beta S-gene and the Ghana type of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) deletion (HPFH-2). The 5′ end of this deletion is in the psi beta-gene, and its total length is more than 70 kb. All three members of the family have normocytic red cells, of which 95% or more are F cells as detected by immunofluorescence. Previous studies have shown that culture of the erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) from both types of these compound heterozygotes in the presence of fetal sheep serum, rich in 'switching factor,” resulted in complete suppression of HbF synthesis. Although the newly described deletion resembles the Sicilian type of delta beta-thalassemia by its size and preservation of the Alu sequences, the clinical and biological phenotype produced by its interaction with the beta S-gene is very similar to that of the HPFH- type deletion.
Polarization rotator of arbitrary angle based on simple slot-array (2015)

A novel polarization rotator of arbitrary angle was proposed and realized based on simple slot arrays. To achieve the rotation of an arbitrary angle α, the slots on the first layer have to be at an angle of α to the slots on the second layer. Consequently, 90° rotation can be realized using two perpendicularly oriented slot arrays, which overturns the conventional notion of that perpendicular slot arrays are not possible to pass electromagnetic wave. In addition, such structure provides the same bandwidth comparing to its counterpart utilized for frequency selective surface (FSS). Furthermore, such structure is much easier to be fabricated compared to the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) array. Moreover, low insertion loss can be achieved based on metallic material.
Minimum and mixed phase speech analysis-synthesis by adaptive homomorphic deconvolution (1979)

In this paper short-time homomorphic analysis, the harmonic representation of speech, and the spectral smoothing interpretation of homomorphic deconvolution are explored, resulting in adaptive time-domain windowing and logmagnitude smoothing techniques for improved spectral estimates and enhanced quality of a minimum phase homomorphic vocoder. With an adaptive window alignment scheme a slowly varying (over successive frames) mixed-phase impulse-response estimate is introduced through the complex cepstrum, yielding somewhat higher quality speech than its minimum phase counterpart. For a cepstral window of unity and exact pitch knowledge, this analysis-synthesis scheme acts as an identity system on stationary periodic waveforms. In addition, results of coding the smooth logmagnitude and a comparative study of conventional and sliding chirp-z transform implementation schemes are briefly presented.
Calcium cycling in heart failure: how the fast became too furious (2004)

After them, the (scientific) philosophers appear. . .who proclaim that only they are wise and all other mortals are but shadows flapping about. . . . [The philosophers] build uncountable worlds as . . .they hypothesize without hesitation causes for . . .unexplainable things, as if they were secretaries of Nature, architects of all things, as if they appeared among us from a meeting of gods. Meanwhile, Nature laughs at them and their speculations, because that they have uncovered nothing is demonstrated by the fact that they immediately cross their swords on each single issue without results. . .