gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Rate of Calcination of Limestone (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Rate of Calcination of LimestoneC. C. FurnasCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1931, 23, 5, 534–538Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50257a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50257a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views378Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Patey Prize 08 (2002)

Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in 15–20% of colorectal cancers and confers a survival advantage independent from tumour stage. This might reflect an improved immunological response against such tumours. Previously we have used real-time RT-PCR to demonstrate that MSI+ tumours show increased expression of activated T-cell markers. By extending this work to protein expression we can now gain a clearer understanding of the immune environment within these tumours. To test the hypothesis that MSI+ colorectal cancers elicit an increased antigen-specific immune response compared with MSI-cancers. We identified 25 MSI+ and 75 MSI– colorectal cancers, matched for patient age and tumour location. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin embedded sections for T-cell markers, CD3, CD4 and CD8, the specific activation marker, CD25 and the effector protease Granzyme B (GZMB). Intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) counts per unit area were scored by a single observer blinded to microsatellite status and independently verified by a consultant pathologist. MSI+ and MSI– groups were compared with a nonparametric test (Mann–Whitney, two-tailed) and significance taken at the 5% level. Results presented as (median, 5th−95th percentiles). MSI+ tumours had both higher CD3+ and CD8+ than MSI– tumours. Additionally, MSI+ tumours expressed higher CD25+ IEL's and GZMB levels (see Table). These results support the hypothesis that patients with MSI+ colorectal cancers exhibit increased antigen-specific immunological activity. Clearly, these findings may underscore the improved patient survival in MSI+ colorectal cancer.
Induction of antibodies directed against self and altered-self determinants by a synthetic adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide and some of its derivatives. (1980)

In a serum free, 2-mercaptoethanol supplemented culture medium muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is able to increase the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) directed against syngeneic, bromelain-treated red blood cells (br-MRBC) and against an autoantigen, mouse albumin. The non-specific stimulation of anti-br-MRBC PFC by MDP, as by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can be observed in spleen cell populations depleted of adherent and phagocytic cells, and in nu/nu spleen cell cultures. However, the kinetics of the induction of anti-br-MRBC PFC in murine spleen cell cultures in presence of LPS or of MDP are not identical. Moreover, MDP is able to stimulate C3H/He Orl (LPS low-responder strain) cells. Thus, the mechanisms of non-specific stimulation by MDP or by LPS could be different. Experiments done with thirteen structural analogues of MDP showed that there exists a good correlation between the adjuvant activity and the ability to induce anti-br-MRBC PFC.
Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (2006)

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expenditure of all physical activities other than volitional sporting-like exercise. NEAT includes all the activities that render us vibrant, unique, and independent beings such as working, playing, and dancing. Because people of the same weight have markedly variable activity levels, it is not surprising that NEAT varies substantially between people by up to 2000 kcal per day. Evidence suggests that low NEAT may occur in obesity but in a very specific fashion. Obese individuals appear to exhibit an innate tendency to be seated for 2.5 hours per day more than sedentary lean counterparts. If obese individuals were to adopt the lean "NEAT-o-type," they could potentially expend an additional 350 kcal per day. Obesity was rare a century ago and the human genotype has not changed over that time. Thus, the obesity epidemic may reflect the emergence of a chair-enticing environment to which those with an innate tendency to sit, did so, and became obese. To reverse obesity, we need to develop individual strategies to promote standing and ambulating time by 2.5 hours per day and also re-engineer our work, school, and home environments to render active living the option of choice.
Laser short-range detection system using digital processing (2007)

Because means of target detection is simple, laser short-range detection system using analog processing has high False- Alarm Rate. The requirement of target detection under complicated background can not be satisfied. Based on DSP and FPGA, this paper presents a mini laser short-range detection system using real-time digital processing. The modularized idea is applied to design the system. Every function module is designed respectively. The prototype is finally constituted, which provides algorithm of target identification and acquisition of echo data with hardware platform. The requirement of future application under strong clutter is satisfied.
Delivering a HIPPS Safety Critical Control System (2005)

Abstract Production pipelines from wellhead to initial processing or storage facilities are conventionally designed for the full wellhead shut-in pressure. However under normal operating conditions, the pipeline experiences a fraction of this pressure, sufficient to maintain product flow. If a Pipeline Protection System is installed, the pressure rating of the downstream pipeline and associated equipment can be reduced significantly, which in turn lowers capital investment for overall project execution. High Integrity is required as the safety of the pipeline depends on the correct operation of the protection system. Reduction of pressure rating by installing HIPPS could realise the following advantages:- Reduced cost of pipeline - can constitute a significant portion of field development cost (dependent on length, diameter, pressure rating, material type and installation costs).Reduced pressure rating of downstream equipment - risers, separators, process plant, etc.Could allow a new marginal field to tie in to existing lower pressure infrastructure.Could increase safety by ensuring reduced pressure levels - particularly for high pressure wells on manned facilities.Could be enabling technology for HPHT projects and some floating production systems using flexible risers. This paper reflects on experience gained from work on various HIPPS studies, and delivery of two systems.
Experimental methodology for characterizing flame emissivity of small scale forest fires using infrared thermography techniques (2002)

An experimental methodology based on thermography techniques has been devel- oped and implemented with the aim of finding emissivity values of forest fuel flames. In this pa- per, previous works by different authors are discussed and theoretical fundamentals of heat trans- fer by radiation and of infrared thermography on which experimental method relies are briefly described. Then, designed methodology, equipments, devices and experimental tests are detailed in depth. Finally, analysis procedure is pointed out and some conclusions from the study of the results are announced. 1 INTRODUCTION: FLAME EMISSIVITY IN FOREST FIRES Radiation emitted by the flames, which is covered in the visible region and mainly in the infrared region (between 1 µm and 6 µm) of the electromagnetic spectrum, comes from hot gases —CO2 and H2O— and carbonaceous solid particles of incandescent soot. It originates throughout the flame, which is considered transparent to its own radiation to a certain thickness. Hot gases emit radiation in particular bands of the infrared spectrum. The highest emission of CO2 is located at 2.7 µm and 4.4 µm and the maximums of H2O are at 1.4 µm, 1.9 µm and 2.7 µm. However, soot parti- cles emit radiation in a continuous spectrum over a wider region from the visible to the infrared, and the more the wavelength increases, the greater the drop in radiation intensity (Sato et al., 1969). Nevertheless, this reduction in intensity is omitted by the majority of authors (Draysdale, 1997); according to their approach, soot particles and flames generally are considered to be gray or black bodies. Following this simplification, and considering an average temperature of the flame, Stefan- Boltzmann's equation is used to determine radiation intensity. This intensity may be separated into two different compounds, which are the partial contributions of hot gases and soot:
The InfoFinder agent: learning user interests through heuristic phrase extraction (1997)

The paper discusses InfoFinder, a system that uses several innovative approaches for learning user information interests from sets of messages or other online documents that users have classified. InfoFinder's innovations leverage the unique aspects of learning from user-classified documents in a real-world setting. Users find Infofinder to be an accurate and valuable tool for finding information relating to ongoing interests.
Support for Implementing Scheduling Algorithms Using MESSIAHS (1994)

The MESSIAHS project is investigating mechanisms that support task placement in heterogeneous, distributed, autonomous systems. MESSIAHS provides a substrate on which scheduling algorithms can be implemented. These mechanisms were designed to support diverse task placement and load balancing algorithms. As part of this work, we have constructed an interface layer to the underlying mechanisms. This includes the MESSIAHS interface language (MIL) and a library of function calls for constructing distributed schedulers. This article gives an overview of MESSIAHS, describes two sample interface layers in detail, and gives example implementations of well‐known algorithms from the literature built using these layers.
Collaborative Play in World of Warcraft (2006)

Summary form only given. The author discusses play in World of Warcraft, a popular massively multiplayer online game. World of Warcraft enables self-organizing groups of strangers and friends to collaborate on short-term objectives. Such collaborations may reflect coming changes in globalized work in which we increasingly work with remote others we know little about. In game play, the glue that keeps groups together is the shared objective of completing a "quest" or mission, as well as the shared culture of the game. The game is rich in meaning with a strong narrative, a material culture of weapons, armor, potions, recipes, jewelry, and many other goods, as well as a vibrant economy. Players' backgrounds are diverse but discourse emphasizes understandings about the game rather than players' personal lives. Players learn to be at ease with strangers, to get things done with others they don't know and may never interact with again. The game diminishes some of the impact of things that divide us such as ethnicity, gender, and age, through sharing the game
Studies on the molybdenum cofactor: model synthetic routes directed at Form B (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the molybdenum cofactor: model synthetic routes directed at Form BEdward C. Taylor and Annmarie L. SabbCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 25, 5839–5847Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00260a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00260a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Development of Econometrics (1965)

Econometrics has flourished recently, reports Prof. Johnston, makes rather stern demands upon its teachers and students, but profitably disciplines the theory, data-gathering, and data-use of economics.
Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy in the Treatment of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma and Autoimmune Disorders Affecting the Skin (2007)

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECPCT) is a new form of chemoimmunotherapy which involves the ex vivo exposure of malignant peripheral blood cells to 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation followed by reinfusion of the treated cells. This treatment has resulted in an unprecedented number of prolonged remissions in patients with therapeutically resistant forms of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) characterized by the systemic dissemination of a clonal population of malignant helper T lymphocytes. Although the mechanism of the beneficial effect is uncertain, an immune reaction to the reinfused modified T cells probably results in tumour regression. Because the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is an immunogenic structure and because an identical TCR is present on the entire clonal population of malignant T cells in each individual with CTCL, modification of this structure represents the most likely target for the effects of 8-MOP and UVA. Understanding of the precise events leading to tumour regression in CTCL during treatment with ECPCT may lead to the expanded use of this therapy for other lethal haemopoietic malignancies.
Suppression and prevention of adjuvant arthritis in rats by a monoclonal antibody to the α/β T cell receptor (1990)

Adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats is an experimentally induced autoimmune disease mediated by T lymphocytes specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We raised the question whether T cells carrying the gamma/delta T cell receptor (TcR), reactive or not to mycobacterial antigens, are involved in the pathogenesis of AA. For this purpose, T cells bearing the TcR alpha/beta were depleted from circulation by treatment with a monoclonal antibody against the rat TcR alpha/beta (R73). This treatment efficiently suppressed existing disease. Even more efficient was pretreatment with R73 from birth, which prevented AA induction completely. In these alpha/beta+ T cell-depleted animals an elevated level of alpha/beta- T cells (about 15% vs. 1% in normal rats) was evident, which was not significantly increased by Mycobacterium tuberculosis injection. We found no positive evidence that gamma/delta + T cells do contribute to AA induction. Moreover, treatment with an anti-TcR alpha/beta monoclonal antibody may be very efficient treatment of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Syntheses in the Thioctic Acid Series (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses in the Thioctic Acid SeriesM. W. Bullock, John A. Brockman Jr., E. L. Patterson, J. V. Pierce, M. H. von Saltza, F. Sanders, and E. L. R. StokstadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 7, 1828–1832Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01636a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01636a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Efficiency SOI Fiber-to-Chip Grating Couplers and Low-Loss Waveguides for the Short-Wave Infrared (2012)

We report on high-efficiency silicon-on-insulator (SOI) grating couplers and low-loss single-mode optical waveguides operating in a short-wave infrared. A -3.8 dB coupling efficiency from a standard single-mode fiber to an SOI waveguide at 2.1 μm is obtained experimentally. Single-mode waveguide losses in the short-wave infrared below 0.6 dB/cm are reported.
Web Host Metadata (2011)

This specification describes a method for locating host metadata as
well as information about individual resources controlled by the host.
Editorial Note (to be removed by RFC Editor) Please discuss this
draft on the apps-discuss@ietf.org [1] mailing list.
A single-headed fibre optic laser Doppler anemometer probe for the measurement of flow angles (2003)

A single-headed fibre optic laser Doppler anemometer capable of measuring the angle of a flow is presented. The instrument relies upon the use of birefringent optical fibre and is configured to measure the three orthogonal velocity components, from which the flow angles are calculated, using two Doppler difference channels and one reference beam channel. The design of the probe head permits accurate measurement of the Cartesian velocity components, enabling measurement of the two angles used to define the flow with typical errors of ± 1° and ± 3°.
Lactobacillus helveticus Fermented Milk Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Subjects in 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement (2005)

Lactobacillus helveticus LBK-16H fermented milk containing bioactive peptides, in daily use, does have a BP-lowering effect in hypertensive subjects and is thus a potential for the dietary treatment of hypertension.
Wire spark chambers for clinical imaging of gamma-rays (1971)

Spark chambers with digitized read-outs offer distinct advantages in spatial resolution and coverage over other gamma -ray imaging devices. While these chambers usually require external logic signals for triggering, in this paper a method is described that provides self-triggering spark chambers. Initial tests of a 45*45 cm externally triggered spark chamber with 60Co and 198Au samples are also described and future developments are mentioned.
Ambiguity processing by joint Fourier transform holography (1979)

Theory and practice of an optical ambiguity processor based on space-variant joint Fourier transform holography are presented. The approach evolves from the joint Fourier transform optical correlator concept, which represents a different technique of implementing the matched filter correlator concept advanced by Vander Lugt. Experimental demonstration using photographic film for signal recording and the thermoplastic device for hologram recording will be reported.
Sidegating in a GaAs MBE-grown HFET structure (1990)

The sidegating effect in a MBE-grown HFET GaAs structure is considerable and persists to large distances. On the other hand, the leakage current is very low. A model that takes into account the unusual features of sidegating in this structure and is consistent with other studies of similar structures is proposed. On the basis of the model, a change in the isolation process was implemented. This resulted in a large reduction of the sidegating effect and confirmed the main features of the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of field stimulation on cellular repolarization in rabbit myocardium. Implications for reentry induction. (1992)

We have investigated the effects of electric field stimulation on membrane repolarization in rabbit papillary muscles and assessed the consequences of these effects for the dispersion of intracellular potentials and the production of a propagation wave front or unidirectional block in relatively refractory tissue. The stimuli studied had electric field strength of 0.25-14 V/cm, duration of 2 msec, and field orientation along or across the myocardial fibers. The field strengths to excite the muscles in diastole were 0.68 or 1.23 V/cm for stimuli oriented along or across the fibers, respectively (p less than 0.01, along versus across). A 2.5-V/cm stimulus given near the end of the action potential (AP) produced either no response or, after increasing the stimulus delay only 2-3 msec, a full response with almost no AP durations that were intermediate. For stimulation along and across the fibers, respectively, given at 70% of the AP duration, a 4-V/cm stimulus produced AP prolongation (measured at 90% repolarization) of 20% and 4% (p less than 0.05), an 8-V/cm stimulus produced AP prolongation of 36% and 20% (p less than 0.05), and a 14-V/cm stimulus produced AP prolongation of 36% and 30% (p = NS). For either orientation, AP prolongation by stimuli of 8 V/cm or 14 V/cm increased gradually as the stimulus delay was increased. The different effects in relatively refractory tissue of stimuli of 2.5 V/cm compared with 8 V/cm can explain the propagation wave front and block that occur with electrically induced functional reentry in the heart.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)