gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of T1rho sensitivity to metabolite and temperature changes (2015)

<p>Spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρ) is a relaxation parameter measured in nuclear magnetic resonance studies. This parameter has been found to be sensitive to chemical exchange processes occurring in diseased tissue associated with abnormal metabolism when measured in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Metabolic changes in tissue affected by abnormal metabolism can be quantified with good spatial and temporal resolution using T1ρ, better than a similar method of assessment known as CEST and current methods such as spectroscopic (<sup>1</sup>H- and <sup>31</sup>P-MRS) and nuclear medicine (PET) methods used in clinical settings. Though T1ρ has these advantages, there is no consensus as to which metabolic changes T1ρ is most sensitive. The metabolic changes may be pH related, or due to changes in concentration of metabolites like glucose and glycogen. This work is tries to identify which metabolite evokes the greatest change in T1ρ by studying the response of three spin relaxation measures (T1ρ, T2 and T1) at different temperatures. It was found that T1ρ is more sensitive to pH changes than glucose and lysine at 3T. Also at body temperature, the pH results showed an exponential decay trend for T1ρ signifying the limited range of sensitivity in the pH range of 6.9 to 7.5. The T2 results can be used to explain this trend.</p>
A Short Way to Esters of 1-Oxyl-2,2,5,5-Tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic Acid by Favorski Rearrangement (1995)

Abstract The reaction of 3-bromo-4-oxo-l-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (1) with a solid sodium, alkoxide of primary or secondary alcohol provides a short way to prepare ester of 3-carboxy-1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine where the ring contraction from six (1) to five (6a-f) in a Favorski rearrangement occurs.
Rateless Coding and Relay Networks (2007)

A framework for coding over relay channels using rateless codes is the intersection of two active areas of research in communications; namely relay networks and rateless coding. We demonstrate that there is a very natural and useful fit between these two areas and describe some design challenges and implementation considerations for this framework. The use of relays in wireless communication networks provide a new dimension to the design space of wireless networks that promises enhancements to both the coverage and throughput of the network. In its simplest form, a relay network is a collection of terminals that are able to transmit, receive, and possibly assist the reliable delivery of information from source terminals to destination terminals. Thus, communication of data through a wireless relay network is not required to be direct; it may pass through a number of other terminals, though direct communication from source to destination is not precluded. In fact, it is possible to simultaneously use single-hop, i.e., direct, and multihop communications paths.
CdTe and CdZnTe Growth (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Phase Equilibria in the Cd–Te System Crystal Growth versus Cd–Te Chemical Bond Characteristics Crystal Growth Bridgman Growth Modeling and Interface-shape Determination CdZnTe Properties Properties and Defects of the Crystals Purity, Contamination, Doping Conclusions and Perspectives References
Invited Review Article (1986)

Since 1935, various mechanisms have been suggested for the formation of subsurface lesions and, in particular, the surface layer covering enamel lesions. The relatively intact mineral-rich and porous surface layer is most likely caused by kinetic events. The suggested mineral-rich outer layer in sound enamel, the organic matrix, the pellicle, or a non-uniform ion distribution have all been shown to be non-essential for surface layer formation; they may, however, influence the rate of surface layer formation. Models based on outer surface protection by adsorbed agents, the dissolution-precipitation mechanism, and combinations of these two models, as well as models based on porosity or solubility gradients, are discussed in this paper together with their advantages and disadvantages. Most models have not explained some important recent experimental observations on initial in vivo caries lesion formation: e.g., initial enamel lesions formed in vivo do not have a surface layer initially but develop this mineral-rich layer later on; and the fact that the F- level in the solid sound enamel is not determining the subsurface lesion formation. Furthermore, the observations that in vitro fluoride ions in the liquid at very low levels (approximately equal to 0.02 ppm) determine surface layer formation are difficult to explain. A new kinetic model for subsurface lesion formation is described, in which inhibitors such as F- or proteins play an important role. The model predicts that if lesions depth and demineralization period are denoted by df and t, lesion progress can be described by: dfp = alpha t + c, where alpha and c are constants with 1 less than or equal to p less than or equal to 3, depending on the lesion formation conditions. If lesion progress is entirely diffusion-controlled, p = 3, corresponding to low inhibitor concentrations; if the inhibitor content is so high that the progress is controlled by processes at the crystallite surface, p = 1. A kinetic mechanism for surface layer formation in vivo is proposed, based on the assumption that F- is a main inhibitor in the plaque-covered acidic in vivo situation. The inhibiting fluoride, adsorbed onto the crystallite surfaces at OH- vacancies, originates from the so-called fluoride in the liquid phase (FL) between the enamel crystallites. Under acidic conditions (plaque), we have, due to an influx of fluoride from the saliva or plaque as FL, an aqueous phase in the enamel supersaturated with respect to the mineral for a small distance (x*) only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Lipid-Coated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Innovative ROS-Generators for Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Cells (2018)

In the present paper, we use zinc oxide nanoparticles under the excitation of ultraviolet (UV) light for the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), with the aim of further using these species for fighting cancer cells in vitro. Owing to the difficulties in obtaining highly dispersed nanoparticles (NPs) in biological media, we propose their coating with a double-lipidic layer and we evaluate their colloidal stability in comparison to the pristine zinc oxide NPs. Then, using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) coupled with the spin-trapping technique, we demonstrate and characterize the ability of bare and lipid-coated ZnO NPs to generate ROS in water only when remotely actuated via UV light irradiation. Interestingly, our results reveal that the surface chemistry of the NPs greatly influences the type of photo-generated ROS. Finally, we show that lipid-coated ZnO NPs are effectively internalized inside human epithelial carcinoma cells (HeLa) via a lysosomal pathway and that they can generate ROS inside cancer cells, leading to enhanced cell death. The results are promising for the development of ZnO-based therapeutic systems.
Altered inotropic response to IGF-I in diabetic rat heart: influence of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>and NO (1998)

Normally, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) exerts positive effects on cardiac growth and myocardial contractility, but resistance to its action has been reported in diabetes. This study was designed to determine whether IGF-I-induced myocardial contractile action is altered in diabetes as a result of an intrinsic alteration of contractile properties at the cellular level. Contractile responses to IGF-I were examined in left ventricular papillary muscles and ventricular myocytes from normal and short-term (5-7 days) streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mechanical properties of muscles and myocytes were evaluated using a force transducer and an edge detector, respectively. Preparations were electrically stimulated at 0.5 Hz, and contractile properties analyzed include peak tension development (PTD) or peak twitch amplitude (PTA), time to peak contraction/shortening, and time to 90% relaxation/relengthening. Intracellular Ca2+ transients were measured as fura 2 fluorescence intensity changes. IGF-I (1-500 ng/ml) caused a dose-dependent increase in PTD and PTA in preparations from normal but not diabetic animals. IGF-I did not alter time to peak contraction/shortening or time to 90% relaxation/relengthening. Pretreatment with the NO synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 microM) attenuated IGF-I-induced increases in PTD in normal myocardium but unmasked a positive inotropic action in diabetic animals. Pretreatment with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester blocked IGF-I-induced increases in PTA in single myocytes. Consistent with its inotropic actions on muscles and myocytes, IGF-I induced a dose-dependent increase in Ca2+ transients in normal but not diabetic myocytes. These results suggest that the IGF-I-induced inotropic response is depressed in diabetes because of an intrinsic alteration at the myocyte level. Mechanisms underlying this alteration in IGF-I-induced myocardial response may be related to changes in intracellular Ca2+ and/or NO production in diabetes.
Role of changes in insulin and glucagon in glucose homeostasis in exercise. (1986)

This experiment was performed to determine if plasma glucose homeostasis is maintained in normal human volunteers during light exercise (40% maximal oxygen consumption [VO2 max]) when changes in insulin and glucagon are prevented. Hormonal control was achieved by the infusion of somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon. Glucose kinetics and oxidation rates were determined with stable isotopic tracers of glucose, and by indirect calorimetry. Two different rates of replacement of insulin and glucagon were used; in one group, insulin was clamped at 19.8 +/- 2.6 microU/ml (high-insulin group), and in the other group insulin was clamped at 9.2 +/- 1.3 microU/ml (low-insulin group). Glucagon was maintained at 261 +/- 16.2 and 124 +/- 6.4 pg/ml, respectively, in the high-insulin and low-insulin groups. Without hormonal control, plasma glucose homeostasis was maintained during exercise because the increase in glucose uptake was balanced by a corresponding increase in glucose production. When changes in insulin and glucagon were prevented, plasma glucose concentration fell, particularly in the high-insulin group. Glucose uptake increased to a greater extent than when hormones were not controlled, and glucose production did not increase sufficiently to compensate. The increase in glucose uptake in the hormonal control groups was associated with an increased rate of glucose oxidation. When euglycemia was maintained by glucose infusion in the hormonal control subjects, the modest increase in glucose production that otherwise occurred was prevented. It is concluded that during light exercise there must be a reduction in insulin concentration and/or an increase in glucagon concentration if plasma glucose homeostasis is to be maintained. If such changes do not occur, hypoglycemia, and hence exhaustion, may occur.
Defining the Roles of TcdA and TcdB in Localized Gastrointestinal Disease, Systemic Organ Damage, and the Host Response during Clostridium difficile Infections (2015)

Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and an important hospital pathogen. TcdA and TcdB are thought to be the primary virulence factors responsible for disease symptoms of C. difficile infections (CDI). However, the individual contributions of these toxins to disease remain contentious. Using three different animal models of infection, we show for the first time that TcdB alone causes severe damage to the gut, as well as systemic organ damage, suggesting that this toxin might be responsible for MODS, a serious but poorly understood complication of CDI. These findings provide important new insights into the host response to C. difficile during infection and should guide the rational development of urgently required nonantibiotic therapeutics for the treatment of CDI.
Synthesis and Thermal Expansion of MZr <sub>4</sub> P <sub>6</sub> O <sub>24</sub> (M=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) (1987)

MZr 4 P 6 O 24 (M=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), which belongs to a new, low‐thermal‐expansion family of materials known as [NZP] or [CTP], were synthesized by solid‐state reaction (oxide mixing) and sol‐gel methods, and their sinterability in two cases was investigated and compared. Thermal‐expansion measurements were made on sintered samples by dilatometry, high‐temperature X‐ray diffractometry, and the laser speckle technique. An anisotropy in axial thermal‐expansion coefficients was observed in these materials. CaZr 4 P 6 O 24 and SrZ 4 P 6 O 24 showed reverse anisotropy as well as opposite bulk thermal expansion; i.e., CaZr 4 P 6 O 24 had negative bulk thermal expansion and SrZr 4 P 6 O 24 positive bulk thermal expansion in the temperature range 25° to 500°C. The microstructure of the sintered samples was also examined by scanning electron microscopy.
An electronically scanned beacon antenna (1974)

An electronically scanned cylindrical array having a minimum number of active devices has been designed. A saving of over 3 to 1 in diode elements as compared to conventional approaches has been achieved. In addition to providing instantaneous positioning to any azimuth direction, a constant azimuth beamwidth for an elevation fan beam has been realized. Extremely low azimuth sidelobes are obtained, and a straightforward synthesis procedure can provide elevation aperture designs to meet typical elevation pattern requirements. A modified Myer geodesic lens combined with a diode sequencing switch for coarse steering and a phased matrix feed for fine steering form the basis of the system. Sum and difference patterns show virtually no variation with scan or elevation angle and an omni-pattern is also available. Detailed pattern calculations as well as measured data on prototypes of key elements of the system are presented to verify the feasibility of the approach.
Aśoka's Wives and the Ambiguities of Buddhist Kingship (2002)

Cet article porte sur les épouses du roi Aśoka et sur les notions complexes de la royauté dans le bouddhisme indien. Il essaie de mieux saisir les dimensions du phénomène monarchique à la lumière des spécificités du contexte religieux indien et ainsi d'affiner les perceptions qu'avaient jusqu'alors les spécialistes des sciences religieuses. La figure des « reines » ou des épouses royales est l'une des clefs pour comprendre les ambiguïtés de la fonction dans le monde indien bouddhisé. Le personnage d'Aśoka prend tout son relief au travers de ses diverses femmes telles que les textes bouddhiques les ont présentées. Elles sont un prisme qui permet de mettre en lumière diverses facettes de la fonction royale. Les femmes d'Aśoka peuvent se répartir en deux catégories : celles qui reflètent son implication et son incarnation du dharma, de la Loi faisant de lui le souverain bouddhique par excellence, et celles qui, mauvaises et femmes fatales avant la lettre, le forcent à s'éloigner de l'idéal bouddhique du monarque et à redevenir une personne plus laïque et prise dans les rets des passions, un roi en un autre sens. Un examen attentif des divers récits mettant en scene les femmes du roi Aśoka rend possible de suivre l'élaboration de la figure symbolique du souverain dans le contexte de la doctrine bouddhique. La répartition entre bonnes et mauvaises épouses est l'une des figures de l'imaginaire royal dans le bouddhisme, ainsi qu'en témoignent également les femmes du roi Udema dans les commentaires du Dhammapada. Il s'agit également d'un theme dans lequel le discours sur le souverain peut se montrer, de manière indirecte, critique. On y retrouve aussi les tropes classiques du discours misogyne du bouddhisme indien ; discours qui devait ensuite imprégner les divers pays d'Asie où il s'implanta. Les stéréotypes féminins, surtout ceux de la femme mauvaise, sont également à l'origine d'épisodes cruels dont le rôle est, dans leur horreur, de justifier et d'illustrer certaines prérogatives de la fonction royale. Une réflexion sur ces figures féminines typiques permet ainsi de mieux saisir les complexes jeux de sens et les multiples définitions de la souveraineté monarchique dans le contexte bouddhique. Le rôle des épouses royales, à travers leur biographie réduites à des catégories bien tranchées est l'un des intermédiaires privilégiés pour expliquer et illustrer l'image ambiguë du roi.
A new technique of flexor profundus repair in the distal part of zone I: inclusion of the palmar plate (2010)

Flexor profundus lacerations in the distal part of zone I are usually treated by tendon reinsertion into bone. We present a modified technique in which three 'figure of eight' sutures include the palmar plate in the distal purchase. Inclusion of the palmar plate significantly strengthens the tensile strength of the repair and this was confirmed biomechanically in an experimental study. In a prospective clinical study, 15 patients with clean-cut complete lacerations of the profundus tendon in the distal part of zone I underwent the modified repair technique of three separate 'figure of eight' sutures with the palmar plate included in the suture distally and 7 mm suture purchase proximally, with postoperative immediate active motion that ensured full active extension of the interphalangeal joints. There were no ruptures or infections. At final follow-up 12-25 weeks after surgery, the mean range of motion at the distal, proximal, and combined interphalangeal joints was 66 degrees, 100 degrees and 166 degrees respectively. All patients achieved an excellent or good outcome.
Imatinib Mesylate as a Preoperative Therapy in Dermatofibrosarcoma: Results of a Multicenter Phase II Study on 25 Patients (2010)

Our results support the use of imatinib in a neoadjuvant setting in nonresectable DFSP, or when surgery is difficult or mutilating. These results will be useful for setting hypotheses in the evaluation of new drugs to treat primary or secondary resistance to imatinib.
MLML: consistent simultaneous estimates of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation (2013)

http://smithlab.usc.edu/software/mlml
[{Hg<sub>3</sub>Co(C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>NO)<sub>6</sub>}(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>2</sub>]<sub>n</sub>: A Macrobicyclic Bimetallic Chain Polymer Incorporating Deprotonated 2‐Pyrrolidone Bridges (1988)

Abstract For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.198805892 For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.198805892 For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.198805892 For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.198805892 For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.198805892
Advances in infrared group frequencies (1968)

This book should be of interest to analytical and organic chemists and spectroscopists in both academic and industrial research.
Cross-Linking Agents for Enhanced Performance of Thermosets Prepared via Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2020)

Frontal polymerization (FP) is a self-propagating reaction in which the reactive zone propagates through a monomer solution at a steady velocity. Using FP, polymeric materials are cured rapidly with minimal energy input. Here, we produce high-glass-transition-temperature thermosets via frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) with norbornene-based cross-linkable co-monomers that enable tuning of the cross-link density. The glass-transition temperatures of poly(DCPD) systems are systematically varied from 138 to 219 °C by altering the amount of cross-linking co-monomers in the resin. Front velocities exceeding 5 cm·min–1 enable rapid, solvent-free production of thermoset materials with a 99% degree of cure and yield strength of 57 MPa. The DCPD-norbornene co-monomer resins are cured with 6 orders of magnitude less energy than a traditional oven cure and have a Tg nearly 90 °C higher than reported thermosets of DCPD prepared via FROMP.
Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Effects on Hypertensive Target Organ Damage (2006)

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a relevant role not only in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension, but also in the development of hypertensive target organ damage. Different drugs acting on RAAS components are now available: angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II AT1 receptors blockers (ARBs), non-selective and selective aldosterone antagonists. The review will focus on their effects on hypertensive organ damage. In fact, apart from the well known efficacy in reducing blood pressure, all these drugs have been demonstrated to protect against target organ damage, reversing or preventing its development. The main issues addressed will be: effects of the RAAS blockade on heart and kidney disease, protective action against arterial wall damage, with a focus on the endothelial protection. The comparison among ACE inhibitors, ARBs and aldosterone antagonists will be discussed, with specific reference to different class and/or drug effects and to the results of few studies evaluating the effects of combination therapy with different drugs blocking the RAAS.
DNA methylation pattern changes upon long‐term culture and aging of human mesenchymal stromal cells (2009)

Within 2-3 months of in vitro culture-expansion, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) undergo replicative senescence characterized by cell enlargement, loss of differentiation potential and ultimate growth arrest. In this study, we have analyzed DNA methylation changes upon long-term culture of MSC by using the HumanMethylation27 BeadChip microarray assessing 27,578 unique CpG sites. Furthermore, we have compared MSC from young and elderly donors. Overall, methylation patterns were maintained throughout both long-term culture and aging but highly significant differences were observed at specific CpG sites. Many of these differences were observed in homeobox genes and genes involved in cell differentiation. Methylation changes were verified by pyrosequencing after bisulfite conversion and compared to gene expression data. Notably, methylation changes in MSC were overlapping in long-term culture and aging in vivo. This supports the notion that replicative senescence and aging represent developmental processes that are regulated by specific epigenetic modifications.
The Teaching of Literature (1955)

The Teaching of Literature Beatrice White, D.Lit., F.R.S.L., F.S.A. Beatrice White, D.Lit., F.R.S.L., F.S.A. Reader in English Language and Literature,Westfield College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 10, Issue 58, Spring 1955, Pages 133-b–136, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/10.58.133-b Published: 01 March 1955