gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H+ -Pumping ATPase Has Little Stimulatory Effect on in Vitro Translocation of a Model Protein into Vibrio alginolyticus Inside-out Membrane Vesicles (1997)

We studied the effect of a H+ electrochemical potential generated by F1F0 ATPase on in vitro translocation of a model protein into Vibrio alginolyticus inside-out membrane vesicles. The F1F0 ATPase of V. alginolyticus catalyzed the pumping of H+ coupled to ATP hydrolysis as measured in fluorescence quenching experiments. Consequently, this enzyme leads to the generation of a H+ electrochemical potential. The H+ electrochemical potential generated by F1F0 ATPase was completely abolished by 30 microM N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) or 5 microM carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) at 30 degrees C. The treatment of membrane vesicles with 30 microM DCCD at 30 degrees C had little influence on the translocation activity of uncleavable OmpF-Lpp, a model secretory protein, as compared to the intact membrane vesicles. On the other hand, the NADH:quinone oxidoreductase of V. alginolyticus is known to be a Na+ pump that leads to generation of a Na+ electrochemical potential. This Na+ electrochemical potential stimulates protein translocation into inside-out membrane vesicles prepared from V. alginolyticus in the presence of Escherichia coli SecA [Tokuda, H., Kim, Y. J., and Mizushima, S. (1990) FEBS Lett. 264, 10-12] From these results, it is evident that the stimulatory effect of the Na+ electrochemical potential on protein translocation in V. alginolyticus is not affected by the H+ electrochemical potential influence of F1F0 ATPase.
Treatment of antisocial behavior in children: Current status and future directions. (1987)

Presentation de l'etat actuel du traitement des comportements anti-sociaux (modeles d'application et d'evaluation) et des approches prometteuses fondees sur la recherche contemporaine, les limitations et les problemes methodologiques etant egalement discutes
A Companded Coder for an Experimental PCM Terminal (1962)

The heart of the terminal for an experimental PCM system developed at Bell Laboratories is the “companded coder,” which consists of a logarithmic instantaneous compandor plus a linear (equal-step) coder. The companded coder plays a major role in determining the over-all performance of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1{1\over 2}$</tex> megabit system. This paper includes a discussion of the fundamental design concepts, the practical realization and the performance of the all-semiconductor equipment that performs the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversions for the PCM terminal. The instantaneous compandor employs matched semiconductor diodes to obtain a logarithmic gain characteristic. A 7-digit network type coder performs the conversion of the signal from analog to digital form and vice versa.
Solid-phase combinatorial synthesis: Wittig reaction for C=C formation in Tamoxifen derivatives (2003)

Tamoxifen has a backbone structure of triphenylethylene and is a drug that has been used for over 20 years to treat patients with breast cancer. It has been discussed in the literature that the C=C formation would be the desired synthetic approach because of its flexibility in the introduction of suitable functional groups using readily available reagents. Solid-phase combinatorial approach is adopted for the purpose of product diversity and simplicity in product analysis. This research focused on optimization of each reaction step in the Wittig mechanism to overcome low yield caused by employing solid-state chemistry and the steric hindrance of C=C formation. It has been discovered that commercially available polystyrene-triphenylphosphine resins require extreme reaction conditions and may not be applicable for the pharmaceutical industry.
Army-Navy Precipitation-Static Project: Part II-Aircraft Instrumentation for Precipitation-Static Research (1946)

Aircraft instrumentation for research on precipitation static is required to provide and record relevant data. It must be rugged and reliable and not constitute a hazard in flight. Electric-field meters and wick dischargers are mounted at various places on the external surfaces of the airplane for measuring intensity and direction of electric fields. An artificial charger provides a means for causing the airplane to assume, in flight, potentials of any desired sign or magnitude, within limits, for simulating natural autogenous charging. A radio-noise meter is used to measure the interference level associated with precipitation static. Search electrodes, termed patches and probes, provide both integrated and detailed information on the charging processes concerned when precipitation strikes solid surfaces. An air-conductivity meter is provided for measuring the conductivity and ion content of the atmosphere. An accelerometer utilizing a telegauge tube measures turbulence. Data from the above and other instruments are brought to a central meter panel and intermittently photographed in flight. This photoobserver is supplemented by a disk voice recorder.
Combining Speech Fragment Decoding and Adaptive Noise Floor Modeling (2011)

This paper presents a novel noise-robust automatic speech recognition (ASR) system that combines aspects of the noise modeling and source separation approaches to the problem. The combined approach has been motivated by the observation that the noise backgrounds encountered in everyday listening situations can be roughly characterized as a slowly varying noise floor in which there are embedded a mixture of energetic but unpredictable acoustic events. Our solution combines two complementary techniques. First, an adaptive noise floor model estimates the degree to which high-energy acoustic events are masked by the noise floor (represented by a soft missing data mask). Second, a fragment decoding system attempts to interpret the high-energy regions that are not accounted for by the noise floor model. This component uses models of the target speech to decide whether fragments should be included in the target speech stream or not. Our experiments on the CHiME corpus task show that the combined approach performs significantly better than systems using either the noise model or fragment decoding approach alone, and substantially outperforms multicondition training.
Adenoviral gene therapy, radiation, and prostate cancer. (2005)

Viral gene therapy has exceptional potential as a specifically tailored cancer treatment. However, enthusiasm for cancer gene therapy has varied over the years, partly owing to safety concerns after the death of a young volunteer in a clinical trial for a genetic disease. Since this singular tragedy, results from numerous clinical trials over the past 10 years have restored the excellent safety profile of adenoviral vectors. These vectors have been extensively studied in phase I and II trials as intraprostatically administered agents for patients with locally recurrent and high-risk local prostate cancer. Promising therapeutic responses have been reported in several studies with both oncolytic and suicide gene therapy strategies. The additional benefit of combining gene therapy with radiation therapy has also been realized; replicating adenoviruses inhibit DNA repair pathways, resulting in a synergistic sensitization to radiation. Other, nonreplicating suicide gene therapy strategies are also significantly enhanced with radiation. Combined radiation/gene therapy is currently being studied in phase I and II clinical trials and will likely be the first adenoviral gene therapy mechanism to become available to urologists in the clinic. Systemic gene therapy for metastatic disease is also a major goal of the field, and clinical trials are currently under way for hormone-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Second- and third-generation "re-targeted" viral vectors, currently being developed in the laboratory, are likely to further improve these systemic trials.
<i>De novo</i> biosynthesis of cytokinins in the biotrophic fungus <scp> <i>C</i> </scp> <i>laviceps purpurea</i> (2015)

Summary Disease symptoms of some phytopathogenic fungi are associated with changes in cytokinin ( CK ) levels. Here, we show that the CK profile of ergot‐infected rye plants is also altered, although no pronounced changes occur in the expression of the host plant's CK biosynthesis genes. Instead, we demonstrate a clearly different mechanism: we report on the first fungal de novo CK biosynthesis genes, prove their functions and constitute a biosynthetic pathway. The ergot fungus C laviceps purpurea produces substantial quantities of CK s in culture and, like plants, expresses enzymes containing the isopentenyltransferase and lonely guy domains necessary for de novo isopentenyladenine production. Uniquely, two of these domains are combined in one bifunctional enzyme, CpIPT ‐ LOG , depicting a novel and potent mechanism for CK production. The fungus also forms trans ‐zeatin, a reaction catalysed by a CK ‐specific cytochrome P 450 monooxygenase, which is encoded by cpp450 forming a small cluster with cpipt‐log . Deletion of cpipt‐log and cpp450 did not affect virulence of the fungus, but Δcpp450 mutants exhibit a hyper‐sporulating phenotype, implying that CK s are environmental factors influencing fungal development.
The modal projector (2011)

The superposition of acoustical modes radiated from a transducer can provide directionality from a compact projector. This paper presents the foundation, as well as examples, of piezoelectric ceramic, piezoelectric single crystal, and magnetostrictive versions of this "modal projector." Measured and analytical, as well as finite element analysis modeled, results show good agreement and establish this transducer as a viable source of intensity with the advantages of an improved directivity index, reducing the power needed from a compact source.
Hydrogel Meniscal Replacement in the Sheep Knee (2006)

Improvements in the hydrogel material properties and surface characteristics and more accurate size matching may lead to the use of hydrogel implants in humans.
Dynamic Mode Decomposition with Control (2016)

We develop a new method which extends dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) to incorporate the effect of control to extract low-order models from high-dimensional, complex systems. DMD finds spatial-temporal coherent modes, connects local-linear analysis to nonlinear operator theory, and provides an equation-free architecture which is compatible with compressive sensing. In actuated systems, DMD is incapable of producing an input-output model; moreover, the dynamics and the modes will be corrupted by external forcing. Our new method, dynamic mode decomposition with control (DMDc), capitalizes on all of the advantages of DMD and provides the additional innovation of being able to disambiguate between the underlying dynamics and the effects of actuation, resulting in accurate input-output models. The method is data-driven in that it does not require knowledge of the underlying governing equations---only snapshots in time of observables and actuation data from historical, experimental, or black-box simulations. We demonstrate the method on high-dimensional dynamical systems, including a model with relevance to the analysis of infectious disease data with mass vaccination (actuation).
ExceLint: Automatically Finding Spreadsheet Formula Errors (2019)

Spreadsheets are one of the most widely used programming environments, and are widely deployed in domains like finance where errors can have catastrophic consequences. We present a static analysis specifically designed to find spreadsheet formula errors. Our analysis directly leverages the rectangular character of spreadsheets. It uses an information-theoretic approach to identify formulas that are especially surprising disruptions to nearby rectangular regions. We present ExceLint, an implementation of our static analysis for Microsoft Excel. We demonstrate that ExceLint is fast and effective: across a corpus of 70 spreadsheets, ExceLint takes a median of 5 seconds per spreadsheet, and it significantly outperforms the state of the art analysis.
A thermopile detector array with scaled TE elements for use in an integrated IR microspectrometer (2008)

The design and fabrication of a thermopile detector array for use in a fully integrated infrared optical spectrometer are described. IC-compatible MEMS technologies are used for fabrication of the spectrometer components, such as the slit, planar imaging diffraction grating and detector array. The IR micro-spectrometer was designed for operation in the 1.5–3 µm wavelength range with the size of the largest dimension about 8 mm. The imaging properties of the diffraction grating result in non-uniform dispersion, which imposes special requirements on the dimensions of each single detector in the array. The result is an array of unequally sized elements. The design considers technological constraints, sensitivity and cross-talk between elements. Simulation results, final design, fabrication technique and fabricated devices are presented.
‘Green’ composites using cross-linked soy flour and flax yarns (2005)

Environment-friendly, fully biodegradable, ‘green’ composites based on plant based fibers and resins are increasingly being developed for various applications as replacements for non-degradable materials derived from petroleum that are currently being used. Unlike petroleum, plant based proteins, starches and fibers are yearly renewable. In addition, these green composites may be easily composted after their life, completing nature's carbon cycle. In this study, soy flour (SF) was modified by cross-linking it with glutaraldehyde (GA). The cross-linked soy flour (CSF) polymer was characterized for its tensile and thermal properties. The effect of glycerol on the mechanical properties of the soy flour was characterized and optimized. CSF polymer showed improved tensile properties and thermal stability, compared to unmodified SF resin, for use as a resin to fabricate composites. Unidirectional green composites using flax yarn and CSF resin were fabricated and characterized for their tensile and flexural properties. The composite specimens exhibited fracture stress and Young's modulus of 259.5 MPa and 3.71 GPa, respectively, and flexural strength of 174 MPa, in the longitudinal direction. These properties seem to be sufficient for considering these green composites for indoor structural applications.
High rectification in metal-phthalocyanine based single layer devices (2001)

The current-voltage (JV) characteristics of metal-phthalocyanine (Me-Pc) based single layer hole only indium tin oxide (ITO)/Me-Pc/Metal devices are investigated. It is demonstrated that diode-like asymmetric J-V characteristics with high rectification ratio of about 10/sup 6/ can be achieved if an electrode with low work function is used. But, an electrode with high work function, comparable to the ionization potential of Me-Pc, results in negligible rectification. The J-V characteristics in the forward direction, when ITO is positively biased, can be consistently described as bulk limited space charge current modified with field dependent mobility. The J-V characteristics in the reverse direction, when ITO is negatively biased, are described as tunneling due to hole blocking barrier at Metal/Me-Pc interface.
A Single-Station Automated Earthquake Location System at Wied Dalam Station, Malta (2011)

The seismicity of the Sicily Channel, bordered by the Sicilian, Tunisian, and Libyan coastlines, is mainly controlled by active faults of the Sicily Channel rift zone (SCRZ). This region is characterized by a moderate level of earthquake activity with magnitudes generally below 5.0. However, most seismicity, especially south of the Maltese islands, has, to date, either gone unreported or been poorly located owing to difficulties in instrumental coverage. Since many earthquakes are recorded only on a single station on Malta (broadband station WDD), it was deemed necessary to develop a routine procedure for detecting and locating earthquakes using three-component polarization analysis. Such a system, nicknamed LESSLA (Local Earthquake Single-Station Location Analyser) has been successfully implemented since 2005. It uses an automated method of recognizing local/regional events based on a weighting scheme applied to triggers in different sampling streams. LESSLA has allowed a lower detection threshold for earthquakes in the Sicily Channel, and as a result provided new insights into the pattern of seismicity on the rift zone. LESSLA has also had a good success rate at rapidly and accurately reporting larger events as far as the Greek subduction zone. The description, performance, and limitations of the system are here discussed.
Measurement of protein HC (alpha 1 microglobulin) and protein HC-IgA complex in different body fluids. (1988)

Protein HC and protein HC-IgA complex were measured in 18 different types of fluid sample from healthy subjects and patients with different illnesses to determine if the concentrations of protein HC and protein HC-IgA complexes could be used to monitor certain diseases, when measured separately. The normal values for HC ranged from between 0.30 mg/l in saliva and 11.7 mg/l in blood plasma. HC-IgA complex has a greater range, from undetectable concentrations (urine, colostrum, and cervical mucus) up to 59.2 mg/l in blood plasma. Undetectable concentrations of HC-IgA complex were also shown in serum from patients with IgA immune deficiency and in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis. Increased concentrations of HC were noted in bronchoalveolar fluid from a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, serum from patients with Behcet's syndrome, and in synovial fluid from patients with gout, chondrocalcinosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, the concentrations of HC-IgA complex were raised only in those patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis or rheumatoid arthritis.
[Non-oral administration of progesterone: experiences and possibilities of the transvaginal route]. (1995)

Recent development of transdermal therapy permits application of estrogen, usually produced in the ovaries, in physiological dosage by means of continuous release from either an epidermal patch or dermal application of a gel. Transdermal therapy with progesterone, however is impossible due to poor dermal absorption and high dose requirements (release from corpora lutea: 25 mg/24 hours). Two other possibilities have been proposed. On one hand it is possible to apply norethisterone-acetate (NETA), another gestagen, epicutaneously. This mode of administration carries the same problems as oral application thus allowing for a dose reduction. On the other hand progesterone can be applied vaginally. This mode leads to significantly higher plasmatic concentrations of progesterone and has effects on the uterine mucosa similar to those in a normal cycle. This modality thus permits application of estradiol and progesterone in a physiological manner by a non oral route. It appears particularly interesting in patients at cardiovascular risk.
The therapeutic potential of targeting drugs at transcription factors (1999)

The pivotal role of gene transcription in a plethora of biological processes indicates that transcription represents a suitable target for potential therapeutic intervention. Ultimately, the pathophysiology of numerous human disease processes must be understood in terms of changes in gene expression within relevant body cell types. There is mounting evidence that genetic variation in transcription factors and/or their binding-site sequences, as well as environmentally induced malfunctioning of these proteins, contribute to common multifactorial disorders including cancer, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and neural disorders. Even in 'non-inheritable' infectious diseases, alterations of host-cell transcriptional regulation play an important role in pathogenesis. The enormous progress in understanding the mechanisms of transcriptional control offers hope for the development of a new generation of drugs. Such compounds could be specifically designed to modulate either the synthesis of transcription factors, the regulation of their activity by small-molecule bioligands or phosphorylation events, their interactions with activator/repressor proteins or their binding to DNA. Given the remarkable specificity of this approach, it is anticipated that these agents will provide superior tools for the prevention and treatment of a diverse panel of clinical disorders in the not too distant future.
Aluminum Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide as a Chloride-Free Electrolyte for Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries (2017)

Aluminum bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Al(TFSI)3) was synthesized by a simple substitution reaction and investigated as the Al3+ source for the electrolyte of a rechargeable Al battery. The electrochemical window was extended to 3.6 V with the electrolyte containing Al(TFSI)3 in AN, whereas it was ∼2.5 V with the conventional electrolyte for the Al rechargeable battery. A reversible electrochemical Al deposition/dissolution reaction was observed on a Mo plate electrode with small overpotential less than 0.5 V. NMR and Raman spectra identified the main Al species in the electrolyte as Al(TFSI−)x(AN)6-x3-x (x = 1 ∼ 6).
[New approaches to the analysis of ECG data]. (2000)

Recently, techniques for analyzing computerized ECG data have been developed in time domain, frequency domain and micro level analysis of signals. In body surface ECG mapping, reverse problem analysis from body surface to cardiac surface was investigated, but findings were not sufficient to be clinically useful. Heart rate variability analysis from Holter ECG tapes showed the utility for determination of autonomic nervous function by time and frequency domain analysis. Late ventricular potentials recorded by Signal Averaged ECG have been beneficial for predicting malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias, as well as delayed potentials in atrial activity. QT dispersion from 12-lead ECG has been studied as one of the indicators of ventricular instability and there was some difficulty in detecting the end points of QT intervals such as that in patients with flat T waves. The recently developed automatic analysis of the Least square fit method for detecting terminal points of T wave might be optimal compared with the other methods. Micro volt T wave alternans by spectrum frequency analysis of T wave in consecutive heart beats is a unique technique for predicting cardiac sudden death, however the mechanism remains obscure.
Fabrication of DNA Polymer Brush Arrays by Destructive Micropatterning and Rolling‐Circle Amplification (2011)

A method for fabricating DNA polymer brush arrays using photolithography and plasma etching followed by solid-phase enzymatic DNA amplification is reported. After attaching oligonucleotide primers to the surface of a glass coverslip, a thin layer of photoresist is spin-coated on the glass and patterned via photolithography to generate an array of posts in the resist. An oxygen-based plasma is then used to destroy the exposed oligonucleotide primers. The glass coverslip with the primer array is assembled into a microfluidic chip and DNA polymer brushes are synthesized on the oligonucleotide array by rolling-circle DNA amplification. We have demonstrated that the linear polymers can be rapidly synthesized in situ with a high degree of control over their density and length.