gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rat mesangial cells and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (1997)

The synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) Ro 31-9790, a hydroxamic-acid derivative, was investigated for its effect on rat mesangial cells (MC) in culture. For these studies, proliferating MC with a high degree of constitutive expression of a MMP, the 72-kD Type IV collagenase (gelatinase A, MMP-2), were chosen, because they reflect aspects of an inflammatory phenotype that may occur during certain forms of glomerular inflammatory diseases. Ro 31-9790 inhibited activity of the rat MC MMP-2 in a concentration-dependent and competitive fashion, as analyzed by quantitative densitometry and by a continuously recording fluorescent assay. Furthermore, Ro 31-9790 inhibited the proliferation rate of cultured rat MC in a concentration-dependent and at least partially reversible manner without affecting cell viability. It was concluded that the application of synthetic MMP inhibitors may offer a new perspective for the therapy of mesangial cell-derived forms of glomerulonephritis.
Synthesis of a Far‐Red Photoactivatable Silicon‐Containing Rhodamine for Super‐Resolution Microscopy (2015)

The rhodamine system is a flexible framework for building small-molecule fluorescent probes. Changing N-substitution patterns and replacing the xanthene oxygen with a dimethylsilicon moiety can shift the absorption and fluorescence emission maxima of rhodamine dyes to longer wavelengths. Acylation of the rhodamine nitrogen atoms forces the molecule to adopt a nonfluorescent lactone form, providing a convenient method to make fluorogenic compounds. Herein, we take advantage of all of these structural manipulations and describe a novel photoactivatable fluorophore based on a Si-containing analogue of Q-rhodamine. This probe is the first example of a "caged" Si-rhodamine, exhibits higher photon counts compared to established localization microscopy dyes, and is sufficiently red-shifted to allow multicolor imaging. The dye is a useful label for super-resolution imaging and constitutes a new scaffold for far-red fluorogenic molecules.
CD81 expressed on human thymocytes mediates integrin activation and interleukin 2-dependent proliferation. (1996)

Lymphocyte recognition of antigen by the antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) and coreceptor complexes rapidly alters the cell's adhesive properties facilitating high avidity cell-ligand interactions necessary for lymphocyte development and function. Here, we report the expression of CD81 (target of antiproliferative antigen [TAPA]-1) on human thymocytes and the physical association of CD81 with CD4 and CD8 T cell coreceptors. Antibody ligation of CD81 on thymocytes promotes the rapid induction of integrin-mediated cell-cell adhesion via lymphocyte function-associated molecule-1 (LFA-1). Cross-linking CD81 is also shown to be costimulatory with signaling through the TCR/CD3 complex inducing interleukin 2-dependent thymocyte proliferation. These data suggest that a CD81-mediated pathway in thymocytes is involved in the regulation of both cell adhesion and activation.
The clinical impact of bacterial biofilms (2011)

Bacteria survive in nature by forming biofilms on surfaces and probably most, if not all, bacteria (and fungi) are capable of forming biofilms. A biofilm is a structured consortium of bacteria embedded in a self-produced polymer matrix consisting of polysaccharide, protein and extracellular DNA. Bacterial biofilms are resistant to antibiotics, disinfectant chemicals and to phagocytosis and other components of the innate and adaptive inflammatory defense system of the body. It is known, for example, that persistence of staphylococcal infections related to foreign bodies is due to biofilm formation. Likewise, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients are caused by biofilm growing mucoid strains. Gradients of nutrients and oxygen exist from the top to the bottom of biofilms and the bacterial cells located in nutrient poor areas have decreased metabolic activity and increased doubling times. These more or less dormant cells are therefore responsible for some of the tolerance to antibiotics. Biofilm growth is associated with an increased level of mutations. Bacteria in biofilms communicate by means of molecules, which activates certain genes responsible for production of virulence factors and, to some extent, biofilm structure. This phenomenon is called quorum sensing and depends upon the concentration of the quorum sensing molecules in a certain niche, which depends on the number of the bacteria. Biofilms can be prevented by antibiotic prophylaxis or early aggressive antibiotic therapy and they can be treated by chronic suppressive antibiotic therapy. Promising strategies may include the use of compounds which can dissolve the biofilm matrix and quorum sensing inhibitors, which increases biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics and phagocytosis.
Ultrarigid Indenyl-based Hafnocene Complexes for the Highly Isoselective Polymerization of Propene: Tunable Polymerization Performance Adopting Various Sterically Demanding 4-Aryl Substituents (2016)

Two novel silyl-bridged C2-symmetric (2-methyl-4-aryl-7-methoxy) substituted bisindenyl based ansa-hafnocene complexes of varied steric demand (I, 4-phenyl; II, 4-[(3′,5′-methyl)-phenyl]) were synthesized and examined in the coordinative polymerization of propene. Both complexes enable a comparative study with the state of the art homogeneous metallocene catalyst (III, 4-[(3′,5′-tert-butyl)-phenyl]) for high melting ultrahigh molecular weight isotactic polypropylene. All three activated complexes exhibit extremely concise stereoregularity along with high molecular weights and high melting transitions at low to moderate polymerization temperatures. Increased sterical encumbrance of the 4-aryl substituent prevents the process of chain release reactions more effectively, especially due to enhanced reduction of β-methyl elimination. Accordingly, end group analysis disclosed the highest selectivity toward allylic chain ends as a result of β-methyl elimination with the less sterically encumbered complex I. Examination of the catalytic activity of I–III disclosed considerable impact of the varied 4-aryl substituents on the maximum productivity with respect to the applied polymerization conditions considering the combined influence of activation, monomer diffusion rate, catalyst deactivation, and rate of chain growth.
Exploiting the homologous recombination DNA repair network for targeted cancer therapy (2010)

Genomic instability is a characteristic of cancer cells. In order to maintain genomic integrity, cells have evolved a complex DNA repair system to detect, signal and repair a diversity of DNA lesions. Homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair represents an error-free repair mechanism to maintain genomic integrity and ensure high-fidelity transmission of genetic information. Deficiencies in HR repair are of tremendous importance in the etiology of human cancers and at the same time offer great opportunities for designing targeted therapeutic strategies. The increase in the number of proteins identified as being involved in HR repair has dramatically shifted our concept of the proteins involved in this process: traditionally viewed as existing in a linear and simple pathway, today they are viewed as existing in a dynamic and interconnected network. Moreover, exploration of the targets within this network that can be modulated by small molecule drugs has led to the discovery of many effective kinase inhibitors, such as ATM, ATR, DNA-PK, CHK1, and CHK2 inhibitors. In preclinical studies, these inhibitors have been shown to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The most exciting discovery in the field of HR repair is the identification of the synthetic lethality relationship between poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and HR deficiency. The promises of clinical applications of PARP inhibitors and the concept of synthetic lethality also bring challenges into focus. Future research directions in the area of HR repair include determining how to identify the patients most likely to benefit from PARP inhibitors and developing strategies to overcome resistance to PARP inhibitors.
Management for emergent properties in the research and development process (2002)

This paper describes the trend of research and development management and examines "the emergent properties in the research and development process". On the basis of examination, the author proposes a "new emergent model" as a research and development model for the age of reformation. Further, the author proposes the environmental conditions required for this new emergent model and describes the management methods of "the emergent process" which play a key role for this model.
Motion compensated DATV bandwidth compression for HDTV (1988)

The author describes the application of a motion vector measurement technique, developed by the BBC, to improve the bandwidth reduction system adopted for the Eureka 1988 demonstration chain. The system measures the speed and direction of motion in the source scene and uses this information to perform motion compensated interpolation. This approach allows the full static and dynamic resolution available from a fully matured HDTV source to be transmitted with no loss of subjective quality. >
TAZ: A &beta;-Catenin-like Molecule that Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation (2005)

Regulating the switch between proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is critical for the development of normal tissues, and the prevention of tumors. How mesenchymal stem cells exit from the cell cycle and differentiate into alternative cell fates such as bone, fat, and muscle, is incompletely understood. We recently discovered that a WW domain-containing molecule, TAZ, functions as a transcriptional modulator to stimulate bone development while simultaneous blocking the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into fat. These developmental effects occur through direct interaction between TAZ and the transcription factors Runx2 and PPARgamma, resulting in transcriptional enhancement and repression, respectively of selective programs of gene expression. We propose that TAZ, as well as a highly related molecule YAP, are functionally, though not structurally, similar to beta-catenin and integrate extracellular, membrane, and cytoskeletal-derived signals to influence mesenchymal stem cell fate.
Modeling and evaluation of channel management for real-time multimedia connections in highway cellular networks (1999)

The wide deployment of multimedia services in third generation wireless networks will require designs that can simultaneously reduce the blocking probability of handoff requests and decrease the handoff delay. In this paper, we discuss this type of designs for dynamic channel assignment and reassignment strategies in highway cellular networks with a small channel reuse distance. A threshold-based approach to reduce the number of messages exchanged among base stations is presented. The properties of the two real-time schemes covered in this paper are presented and the global balance equations for the first scheme is derived based on the cell decoupling approximation model.
Elevated Blood Pressure Linked to Primary Hyperaldosteronism and Impaired Vasodilation in BK Channel–Deficient Mice (2005)

These results identify previously unknown roles of BK channels in blood pressure regulation and raise the possibility that BK channel dysfunction may underlie specific forms of hyperaldosteronism.
Clinical and Biochemical Consequences of CYP17A1 Inhibition with Abiraterone Given with and without Exogenous Glucocorticoids in Castrate Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer (2011)

CYP17A1 inhibition with abiraterone acetate is characterized by significant suppression of androgen and cortisol synthesis. The latter is associated with a rise in ACTH that causes raised mineralocorticoids, leading to side effects and incomplete 17α-hydroxylase inhibition. Concomitant inhibition of 17,20-lyase results in diversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone metabolites toward androgen synthesis via the backdoor pathway. Addition of dexamethasone reverses toxicity and could further suppress androgens by preventing a rise in substrates of backdoor androgen synthesis.
Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials Made of 3D Stitched Woven-knitted Preforms (2010)

This article presents an experimental investigation carried out to understand the mechanical behavior of composite materials made of 3D stitched woven-knitted basalt fabrics. The innovative preforms used consist of two outer layers of a plain woven fabric combined with two inner layers of weft-knitted fabrics. The weft-knitted fabrics selected for the study were varied plain knit, 1 × 1 rib, Milano, and interlock. The fabric layers were stitched together with Kevlar yarns. These 3D stitched preforms were impregnated with polyester resin using resin transfer molding, and the corresponding composites obtained were tested under tensile, bending, and impact loads. The results obtained show that the type of knitted structure significantly influences the mechanical performance of the 3D stitched woven-knitted composites. The composite using interlock structure as the inner layers has the best results concerning energy absorption and tensile strength. The varied plain knit structure has proved to be the best suited to impart stiffness as it provides the highest Young’s modulus among the above four knitted structures.
Audio Classification Using Semantic Transformation and Classifier Ensemble (2010)

This paper presents our winning audio classification system in MIREX 2010. Our system is implemented as follows. First, in the training phase, the frame-based 70-dimensional feature vectors are extracted from a training audio clip by MIRToolbox. Next, the Posterior Weighted Bernoulli Mixture Model (PWBMM) is applied to transform the frame-decomposed feature vectors of the training song into a fixed-dimensional semantic vector representation based on the pre-defined music tags; this procedure is called Semantic Transformation. Finally, for each class, the semantic vectors of associated training clips are used to train an ensemble classifier consisting of SVM and AdaBoost classifiers. In the classification phase, a testing audio clip is first represented by a semantic vector, and then the class with the highest score is selected as the final output. Our system was ranked first out of 36 submissions in the MIREX 2010 audio mood classification task.
Design method of Yagi-Uda two-stacked circular loop array antennas (1991)

A design method which works as a single balanced feed antenna is presented for the Yagi-Uda two-stacked circular-loop array antenna. The antenna is analyzed with a theoretical model consisting of loop elements and feeder sections. The results are compared with experiments. By using the computed and measured antenna currents, the gain enhancement of the antenna is confirmed to be due to both the stacked-loop-array and endfire-array effects. A method of compensation for the reflection loss and a design procedure are discussed in detail. A graphical method is given to estimate the optimum size of the antenna without detailed numerical calculations, and the performance of the designed antenna is demonstrated by experiments. Experimental results are presented for several antennas arranged with different numbers of loops in the endfire and broadside directions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computer-assisted design of cyclic peptides and peptidomimetics (2008)

Head-to-tail cyclic peptides and peptidomimetics are highly promising drug molecules that appear to lack many of the liabilities typically attributed to linear peptides. Here we look at some successful examples of this approach to ligand design and examine the prospects for using computer-assisted methodologies in the design of new ligands. This approach requires robust methods of peptide conformational analysis and superimposition. Once validated, researchers can use these methods to screen a wealth of potential templating amino acids or other groups to specifically tailor new bioactive cyclic peptidomimetics.
Hyperacusis: Review and Clinical Guidelines (2001)

Hyperacusis was shown to be caused by pathologic conditions of the peripheral auditory system, diseases of the central nervous system diseases, and hormonal and infectious diseases. In some cases there was no known cause. The pathophysiology of hyperacusis probably involves a central mechanism rather than a peripheral one. Suggested clinical guidelines and treatment are discussed.
Directed Evolution of RebH for Site‐Selective Halogenation of Large Biologically Active Molecules (2015)

We recently characterized the substrate scope of wild-type RebH and proceeded to evolve variants of this enzyme with improved stability for biocatalysis. The substrate scopes of both RebH and the stabilized variants, however, are limited primarily to compounds similar in size to tryptophan. A substrate walking approach was used to further evolve RebH variants with expanded substrate scope. Two particularly notable variants were identified: 3-SS, which provides high conversion of tricyclic tryptoline derivatives; and 4-V, which accepts a broad range of large indoles and carbazoles. This constitutes the first reported use of directed evolution to enable the functionalization of substrates not accepted by wild-type RebH and demonstrates the utility of RebH variants for the site-selective halogenation of biologically active compounds.
Effects of a Low-Melting-Point Underlayer on Excimer-Laser-Induced Lateral Crystallization of Si Thin-Films (2001)

The effects of an ultrathin metallic underlayer on excimer-laser crystallization of Si thin-films have been investigated experimentally. For a Si/Cr/SiO 2 structure, the grain size became 1.3 times larger than that for the simple Si/SiO 2 structure. This enlargement resulted from the formation of an ultrathin liquid layer of Cr-Si eutectic alloy, which suppresses heterogeneous nucleation at the Si/SiO 2 interface. The Si layer mixes only partly with the ultrathin Cr layer, resulting in the formation of a large-grain-Si/CrSi x bilayer structure.
Algorithms for a very high speed universal noiseless coding module (1991)

Embedding thread at Shenshu (BL 23) can raise the BMD of primary osteoporosis and significantly reduce the rate of bone fracture during 5 years.
A monolithic 12-bit DAC (1978)

A monolithic 12-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) using thin-film resistors is described. A primary feature is the capability of trimming for linearity after packaging using selective shorting of Zener diodes. Error measurement and trimming algorithms are discussed and an analysis of fundamental error sources is given.
Ghislaine Chartron, Sylvie Fayet-Scribe, Brigitte Guyot, Jean- Max Noyer, (éds.), Pour une nouvelle économie du savoir (1996)

Genet Jean-Philippe. Ghislaine Chartron, Sylvie Fayet-Scribe, Brigitte Guyot, Jean- Max Noyer, (éds.), Pour une nouvelle économie du savoir. In: Histoire & Mesure, 1996 volume 11 - n°1-2. Varia. pp. 185-186.
High Throughput Cellular Localization of Specific Plant mRNAs by Liquid-Phase in Situ Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction of Tissue Sections (2000)

Advances in high throughput DNA sequencing and bioinformatic gene discovery far outpace our ability to analyze gene function, necessitating development of more efficient means to examine expression at the cellular level. Here we present a polymerase chain reaction-based method to detect mRNA species in situ in which essentially all of the steps are carried out in liquid phase in a 96-well microtiter tray and only the final signal detection is performed on a microscope slide. We demonstrate the sensitivity of the method by the cellular localization of mRNA for the Tkn2 transcription factor in a wide variety of plant tissues, and its selectivity in discriminating a single gene family member by the in situ localization of rbcs3 transcripts. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of the in-well in situ method in detecting FDL and IFL1 transcripts in Arabidopsis sections, thus establishing the method as a tool to determine spatial expression pattern of sequences obtained from genomic sequencing projects. Being amenable to robotic processing, in-well in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction permits a great enhancement in the number of tissue samples that can be processed. Consequently, this method may become a powerful tool for functional genomics studies, permitting the cellular site of transcription of large numbers of sequences obtained from databases to be rapidly established.
Tunable transmission phase mask options for 65/45nm node gate and contact processing (2005)

Today the industry is filled with intensity-balanced c:PSM and much more focus is being placed on innovative approaches such as CPL (and in conjunction with IML for Contacts) and tunable transmission embedded attenuating phase shift mask (TT-EAPSM). Each approach has its own merits and demerits depending on the manufacturing strategy and lithography performance required. Currently the only commercially available photomask blanks are different chrome thickness binary and 6% attenuating blanks using molybdenum-silicide, making the accessibility to alternate transmissions much more challenging. This paper investigates the mask manufacturability of a tunable transmission embedded attenuating phase shift mask. New film materials that are used in the mask blank manufacture are modeled, deposited and characterized to determine its ability to meet performance requirements. Sputtering models, by rate and gas component, determines film stacks with tunable transmissions and thicknesses. Chemical durability, etch selectivity and thickness are a few parameters of the films that have been characterized to enhance the manufacturability and process reliability of the masks. Lithography simulation models using measured optical properties were developed and test masks that include actual device designs were fabricated. Analysis of CD variation, pattern fidelity and process margin was performed using 3D mask simulation to understand the impact on 65nm design rules. Feasibility and performance of tunable transmission photomasks for use in design and lithography are verified. Moreover, the mask manufacturability and lithography performance is compared to other enhancement techniques and their merits presented.
Apolipoprotein E: risk factor for Alzheimer disease. (1994)

The apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) has three common alleles (epsilon 2, epsilon 3, and epsilon 4) that determine six genotypes in the general population. In this study, we examined 77 patients with late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), along with an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls, for an association with the APOE-epsilon 4 allele. We show that the frequency of this allele among AD patients was significantly higher than that among the control population (.351 vs. .130, P = .000006). The genotype frequencies also differed between the two groups (P = .0002), with the APOE-epsilon 4/epsilon 3 genotype being the most common in the AD group and the APOE-epsilon 3/epsilon 3 being the most common in the control group. In the AD group, homozygosity for epsilon 4 was found in nine individuals, whereas none was found in the control group. The odds ratio for AD, when associated with one or two epsilon 4 alleles, was 4.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-12.3), while the odds ratio for AD, when associated with heterozygosity for APOE-epsilon 4, was 3.6 (95% CI 1.5-9.8). Finally, the median age at onset among the AD patients decreased from 83 to 78 to 74 years as the number of APOE-epsilon 4 alleles increased from 0 to 1 to 2, respectively (test for trend, P = .001). Our data, which are in agreement with recent reports, suggest that the APOE-epsilon 4 allele is associated with AD and that this allelic variant may be an important risk factor for susceptibility to AD in the general population.