gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perturbation of nuclear spin polarizations in solid state NMR of nitroxide-doped samples by magic-angle spinning without microwaves (2014)

We report solid state (13)C and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments with magic-angle spinning (MAS) on frozen solutions containing nitroxide-based paramagnetic dopants that indicate significant perturbations of nuclear spin polarizations without microwave irradiation. At temperatures near 25 K, (1)H and cross-polarized (13)C NMR signals from (15)N,(13)C-labeled L-alanine in trinitroxide-doped glycerol/water are reduced by factors as large as six compared to signals from samples without nitroxide doping. Without MAS or at temperatures near 100 K, differences between signals with and without nitroxide doping are much smaller. We attribute most of the reduction of NMR signals under MAS near 25 K to nuclear spin depolarization through the cross-effect dynamic nuclear polarization mechanism, in which three-spin flips drive nuclear polarizations toward equilibrium with spin polarization differences between electron pairs. When T1e is sufficiently long relative to the MAS rotation period, the distribution of electron spin polarization across the nitroxide electron paramagnetic resonance lineshape can be very different from the corresponding distribution in a static sample at thermal equilibrium, leading to the observed effects. We describe three-spin and 3000-spin calculations that qualitatively reproduce the experimental observations.
High power spectral beam combining of four 2ns-pulsed fiber-amplifiers (2009)

Four 2ns-pulsed fiber amplifier systems are spectrally combined on a dielectric reflection grating to a total output power of 187W at 50kHz repetition rate resulting in >3.7mJ of pulse energy and 1.7MW pulse peak power.
10 Gb/s framer/demultiplexer IC for SONET STS-192 applications (2002)

This paper presents the first ever reported 10 Gb/s SONET framer/demultiplexer IC which integrates the functions of serial to parallel conversion, byte alignment and frame detection on a single chip. This IC identifies the SONET framing pattern from the input STS-192 data stream, and converts the serial input bit stream into a byte-parallel, frame-synchronized output data stream. It is implemented using a high-current gain baseline AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology, consumes approximately 3 W of power using a -5.2 V supply, has a phase margin of 270/spl deg/ and differential input sensitivity of 100 mV/sub p-p/ at 10 Gb/s.
ChemInform Abstract: THE OXIDATIVE AMINATION OF TROPONE AND TROPOLONE (1978)

Abstract Die Reaktion von Tropon (I) mit den Anilinen (IIa) liefert in Gegenwart von Cu(II)‐acetat die Arylaminotropone (IIIa) und die Arylaminotroponimine (IV).
Zinc-Rich Copper Catalysts Promoted by Gold for Methanol Synthesis (2015)

In this study, we gathered further understanding of the function of the components in the Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst for methanol synthesis from mixed syngas feeds (CO/CO2/H2) to rationally develop systems displaying superior performance. In order to unravel the role of ZnO in the hydrogenation of the preferred methanol source, CO2, and in the (reverse) water–gas shift ((R)WGS) reaction, we tested coprecipitated materials with variable surface zinc content under industrially relevant conditions (5.0 MPa, 503–543 K). We found that a surface enrichment in zinc leads to higher activity and selectivity due to (i) the enhancement of the unique synergistic Cu-ZnO interactions boosting CO2 hydrogenation, (ii) the inhibition of the RWGS reaction which produces the undesired CO, and (iii) the electronic stabilization of the Cu sites against reoxidation by CO2 or H2O. Thus, a catalyst with a surface Zn/(Cu + Zn) ratio of 0.8 displayed superior catalytic properties than a commercial benchmark sample, which featured only half of the ratio. An even more performing catalyst was obtained utilizing oxalates instead of hydroxycarbonates as precursors. The better thermal degradation of the former minimizes the content of residual carbon on the surface of the activated catalyst improving the amount of Cu-ZnO contacts. The retention of the metallic state of copper was greatly favored by the deposition of an electron-withdrawing metal such as gold. The Cu-based activity in mixed syngas and CO2 hydrogenation of the zinc-rich gold-promoted catalyst was ca. 2 and 4 times higher, respectively, than that of the commercial system.
Ring transformations in reactions of heterocyclic compounds with nucleophiles Reactions of 4(6)‐alkoxy‐1‐ethyl‐ and 4,6‐dialkoxy‐1‐ethyl‐pyrimidinium tetrafluoroborates with liquid ammonia (1977)

Abstract On treatment with liquid ammonia at −33° the quaternary pyrimidinium salts i.e. 4‐ethoxy‐1‐ethyl‐ ( 1 ) and 4,6‐diethoxy‐1‐ethyl‐pyrimidinium tetrafluoroborate ( 3 ) undergo amino‐de‐ethoxylation, yielding 1,4‐dihydro‐1‐ethyl‐4‐imino‐pyrimidine hydrogen tetrafluoroborate ( 7 ) and a mixture of 1,4‐dihydro‐6‐ethoxy‐1‐ethyl‐4‐imino‐ ( 9 ) and 1,6‐dihydro‐4‐ethoxy‐1‐ethyl‐6‐imino‐pyrimidine hydrogen tetrafluoroborate ( 11 ), respectively. 1 HNMR and 13 CNMR spectroscopic evidence is presented for the fact that compounds 1 and 3 easily give σ‐adducts at position 2. Using 15 N‐labelled ammonia it was shown that in these amino‐de‐ethoxylation reactions the substitution at C(4) or C(6) does not involve ring opening but probably occurs via an S N (AE n ) process. Reaction of 4‐ethoxy‐1‐ethyl‐2‐phenyl‐ ( 2 ), 6‐ethoxy‐1‐ethyl‐4‐phenyl‐ ( 4 ), 4,6‐dimethoxy‐1‐ethyl‐2‐phenyl‐ ( 5 ) and 4,6‐dimethoxy‐1‐ethyl‐2‐methyl‐pyrimidinium tetrafluoroborate ( 6 ) with liquid ammonia gives besides the amino‐de‐ethoxylation product degenerate ring transformations leading to the N ‐de‐ethylated products 14–16 and 4(6)‐(ethylamino)pyrimidines 17‐19 . The salt 11 and 1,6‐dihydro‐1‐ethyl‐6‐imino‐4‐phenylpyrimidine hydrogen tetrafluoroborate ( 12 ) undergo, with potassium hydroxide, a Dimroth rearrangement to pyrimidines 20 and 17 , respectively.
Glioblastoma signature in the DNA of blood-derived cells (2021)

Current approach for the detection of cancer is based on identifying genetic mutations typical to tumor cells. This approach is effective only when cancer has already emerged, however, it might be in a stage too advanced for effective treatment. Cancer is caused by the continuous accumulation of mutations; is it possible to measure the time-dependent information of mutation accumulation and predict the emergence of cancer? We hypothesize that the mutation history derived from the tandem repeat regions in blood-derived DNA carries information about the accumulation of the cancer driver mutations in other tissues. To validate our hypothesis, we computed the mutation histories from the tandem repeat regions in blood-derived exomic DNA of 3874 TCGA patients with different cancer types and found a statistically significant signal with specificity ranging from 66% to 93% differentiating Glioblastoma patients from other cancer patients. Our approach and findings offer a new direction for future cancer prediction and early cancer detection based on information derived from blood-derived DNA.
Biomolecular characterisation of leucocytes by infrared spectroscopy (2007)

Over the last 15 years, infrared (IR) spectroscopy has developed into a novel and powerful biomedical tool that has multiple applications in the field of haematology. By revealing subtle alterations in both the conformation and concentration of key macromolecules, such as DNA, protein and lipids, IR spectroscopy has been employed to investigate multiple aspects of leucocyte physiology. IR spectroscopy has been used, for example, to diagnose and prognose leukaemia; to characterise differentiation and apoptotic processes; to predict drug sensitivity and resistance in leukaemic patients undergoing chemotherapy; to monitor the response of leucocytes to chemotherapy and to perform human leucocyte antigen matching for bone marrow transplant patients. Such studies have provided insight into pathogenic mechanisms underlying specific leucocyte disorders, especially leukaemia. While it is likely to be some considerable time before IR spectroscopy is sufficiently developed to displace the established technologies, IR spectroscopy has the potential to become a valuable analytic tool in basic and clinical haematology.
Phage display selection of Affibody molecules with specific binding to the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (2007)

Affibody molecules specific for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been selected by phage display technology from a combinatorial protein library based on the 58-residue, protein A-derived Z domain. EGFR is overexpressed in various malignancies and is frequently associated with poor patient prognosis, and the information provided by targeting this receptor could facilitate both patient diagnostics and treatment. Three selected Affibody variants were shown to selectively bind to the extracellular domain of EGFR (EGFR-ECD). Kinetic biosensor analysis revealed that the three monomeric Affibody molecules bound with similar affinity, ranging from 130 to 185 nM. Head-to-tail dimers of the Affibody molecules were compared for their binding to recombinant EGFR-ECD in biosensor analysis and in human epithelial cancer A431 cells. Although the dimeric Affibody variants were found to bind in a range of 25-50 nM affinities in biosensor analysis, they were found to be low nanomolar binders in the cellular assays. Competition assays using radiolabeled Affibody dimers confirmed specific EGFR-binding and demonstrated that the three Affibody molecules competed for the same epitope. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the selected Affibody dimers were initially binding to EGFR at the cell surface of A431, and confocal microscopy analysis showed that the Affibody dimers could thereafter be internalized. The potential use of the described Affibody molecules as targeting agents for radionuclide based imaging applications in various carcinomas is discussed.
Stereoselective Olefin Insertion Reactions of Chiral (EBI)Zr(.eta.2-pyrid-2-yl)+ and (EBTHI)Zr(.eta.2-pyrid-2-yl)+ Complexes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective Olefin Insertion Reactions of Chiral (EBI)Zr(.eta.2-pyrid-2-yl)+ and (EBTHI)Zr(.eta.2-pyrid-2-yl)+ ComplexesStephan Rodewald and Richard F. JordanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 10, 4491–4492Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00089a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00089a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1094Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Leaf-specifically expressed genes for polypeptides destined for chloroplasts with domains of σ <sup>70</sup> factors of bacterial RNA polymerases in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1997)

Genes for sigma-like factors of bacterial-type RNA polymerase have not been characterized from any multicellular eukaryotes, although they probably play a crucial role in the expression of plastid photosynthesis genes. We have cloned three distinct cDNAs, designated SIG1, SIG2, and SIG3, for polypeptides possessing amino acid sequences for domains conserved in sigma70 factors of bacterial RNA polymerases from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Each gene is present as one copy per haploid genome without any additional sequences hybridized in the genome. Transient expression assays using green fluorescent protein demonstrated that N-terminal regions of the SIG2 and SIG3 ORFs could function as transit peptides for import into chloroplasts. Transcripts for all three SIG genes were detected in leaves but not in roots, and were induced in leaves of dark-adapted plants in rapid response to light illumination. Together with results of our previous analysis of tissue-specific regulation of transcription of plastid photosynthesis genes, these results indicate that expressed levels of the genes may influence transcription by regulating RNA polymerase activity in a green tissue-specific manner.
Scenario Model Predictive Control for Lane Change Assistance and Autonomous Driving on Highways (2017)

This paper presents a novel design of control algorithms for lane change assistance and autonomous driving on highways, based on recent results in Scenario Model Predictive Control (SCMPC). The basic idea is to account for the uncertainty in the traffic environment by a small number of future scenarios, which is intuitive and computationally efficient. These scenarios can be generated by any model-based or data-based approach. The paper discusses the SCMPC design procedure, which is simple and can be generalized to other control challenges in automated driving, as well as the controller's robustness properties. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the SCMPC algorithm and its performance in lane change situations on highways.
Inhabiting a risky earth: The Eyjafjallajökull eruption in 2010 and its impacts (Respond to this article at http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate) (2011)

The eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland in 2010 caused havoc to global air traffic. This article examines that event by looking at theories of risk and culture. We demonstrate the fragility of today's mobilities, which depend on unpredictable nature as well as complex technological systems. A new type of risk was revealed by the eruption, which has since become a feature of cultural risk portfolios in contemporary society.
Passive seismic tomography using induced seismicity at a petroleum field in Oman (2009)

Abstract A borehole network consisting of five monitoring wells monitored the induced seismicity at a producing petroleum field for about 11months. Nearly 5400 microseismic events were analyzed and used to image the reservoir based on a new double-difference (DD) seismic tomography. The DD tomography method simultaneously solved for event locations and VP, VS, and VP∕VS models using absolute and differential P, S, and S-P arrival times. Microseismicity in the field was caused primarily by compaction of the reservoir in and above the gas-bearing formation and was distributed along the two major northeast-southwest faults in the field. The model resolution analysis based on the checkerboard test and the resolution matrix showed that the central part of the model was resolved relatively well for the depth range of 0.7to1.1km. Clear velocity contrasts were imaged across most parts of the two northeast-southwest faults. The VP∕VS ratio estimates from the tomographic inversion were low (&lt;1.75) in the shallow depth range, likely caused by rock type and gas content; but they were large (&gt;1.75) in the deeper part of the model, likely because of fluid-saturated formation. Thus, seismic tomography shows great potential for reservoir imaging and property estimation using induced seismicity.
Mucosal tolerance as therapy of type I allergy: intranasal application of recombinant Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, leads to the suppression of allergic immune responses and airway inflammation in sensitized mice (2002)

Our results demonstrate that intranasal treatment with rBet v 1 reduced systemic allergic immune responses as well as airway inflammation in BP-sensitized mice. We therefore suggest that mucosal tolerance induction with recombinant allergens could be a promising concept for the therapy of allergic diseases.
Host Inflammatory Response to Infection (2014)

This chapter talks about some of the challenges from the various layers of the host response to which Helicobacter pylori must adapt in order to survive in the gastric niche. The outcome of a persistent infection interacting with a chronic inflammatory response is discussed in the context of the survival of the organism and the impact this may have on the host. An infection introduced into the digestive tract must immediately deal with antimicrobial factors that exist in the mucous secretions of the oral cavity and stomach. The mucus overlaying the gastric epithelium provides an "antiseptic paint" containing antibodies and antimicrobial factors such as lactoferrin and lysozyme that protect mucosal tissues. Gastric antibodies may be ineffective at limiting the infection for several reasons that are more obvious when one considers how antibodies usually confer protection. Helper T-cell (Th) responses have been viewed as primarily belonging to one of two major subsets, Th1 or Th2, on the basis of their cytokine profile. The presence of an ineffective T-cell response suggests that the selection of a very limited T-cell subset facilitates persistent infection by H. pylori. Th1 cells and the associated cell-mediated immunity may be tolerable when kept under control, but an overwhelming Th1 response, in combination with host genetics, specific strains of bacteria, and other environmental factors, could contribute to epithelial cell damage and ulcerogenesis. Since humans are believed to be a major reservoir for H. pylori, the continued survival of the bacterial species depends largely on human-to-human transmission.
SATORI-a fast sequential SAT engine for circuits (2003)

We describe the design and implementation of SATORI-a fast sequential justification engine based on state-of-the-art SAT and ATPG techniques. We present several novel techniques that propel SATORI to a demonstrable 10x improvement over a commercial engine. Traditional sequential justification based on ATPG or, on a bounded model of the sequential circuit using SAT, has diverging strengths and weaknesses. In this paper, we contrast these techniques and describe how their-strengths are combined in SATORI. We use conflict-based learning in each time-frame and illegal state learning across time-frames. This enables both combinational and sequential back-jumping. We experimentally analyze the main features of SATORI by comparing SATORI'S performance against a state-of-the-art SAT solver-ZCHAFF using a bounded model, and a commercial sequential ATPG engine performing justification. Additional results are presented for SATORI versus the commercial ATPG engine and VIS on ISCAS '89 and ITC'99 benchmark circuits for an application to assertion checking.
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) Command Ordering Considerations with iSCSI (2004)

Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) is a Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) transport protocol designed to run on top of TCP. The iSCSI session abstraction is equivalent to the classic SCSI I_T nexus, which represents the logical relationship between an Initiator and a Target (I and T) required in order to communicate via the SCSI family of protocols. The iSCSI session provides an ordered command delivery from the SCSI initiator to the SCSI target. This document goes into the design considerations that led to the iSCSI session model as it is defined today, relates the SCSI command ordering features defined in T10 specifications to the iSCSI concepts, and finally provides guidance to system designers on how true command ordering solutions can be built based on iSCSI.
Surface acoustic wave measurements using an impulsive converging beam (1983)

A method for velocity and attenuation measurement of leaky surface acoustic wave on small areas of a solid surface was developed. This technique uses an impulsive converging beam generated with an acoustic lens. Reflected waves from a sample consisted of the axial wave and the leaky surface wave separated in time domain. From the time interval between these waves, the velocity of the leaky surface wave is determined using an expression derived along with ray optics. Because time interval measurements do not require any mechanical scanning, they can be done without special attention paid for mechanical precision of the scanning system, enabling rapid and simple measurement. Since the impulsive wave has a broad frequency spectrum, spectroscopic analysis of leaky surface wave is also possible. Frequency dependent attenuation measurement of leaky surface acoustic waves on heat treated steels and velocity dispersion measurement of leaky surface wave on titanium nitride film on tool steel are demonstrated.
Enzymatic synthesis of natural and 13C enriched linear poly-N-acetyllactosamines as ligands for galectin-1 (1999)

As part of a study of protein-carbohydrate interactions, linear N-acetyl-polyllactosamines [Galβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,3]n were synthesized at the 10–100 µmol scale using enzymatic methods. The methods described also provided specifically [1-13C]-galactose-labeled tetra-and hexasaccharides ([1-13C]-Galβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc and Galβ1,4GlcNAc-β1,3[1-13C]Galβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc) suitable for NMR studies. Two series of oligosaccharides were produced, with either glucose or N-acetlyglucosamine at the reducing end. In both cases, large amounts of starting primer were available from human milk oligosaccharides (trisaccharide primer GlcNAcβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc) or via transglycosylation from N-acetyllactosamine. Partially purified and immobilized glycosyltransferases, such as bovine milk β1,4 galactosyltransferase and human serum β1,3 N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase, were used for the synthesis. All the oligosaccharide products were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The target molecules were then used to study their interactions with recombinant galectin-1, and initial 1H NMR spectroscopic results are presented to illustrate this approach. These results indicate that, for oligomers containing up to eight sugars, the principal interaction of the binding site of galectin-1 is with the terminal N-acetyllactosamine residues.