gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Aerodynamic Design Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm (2001)

Genetic Algorithm(GA) is applied to aerodynamic shape optimization and demonstrated its merits in global searching ability and the independency of differentiability. However, applications of GA are limited due to slow convergence rate, premature termination, and high computing costs. The present aerodynamic designs such as wing shape optimizations using GA have seldom been applied because of high computing costs. This paper has two objects; improvement of the efficiency of GA and application of GA into aerodynamic shape optimization for 2D and 3D wings. The study indicates that GA can be applied to aerodynamic design and its performance is comparable to traditional design methods.
Reconfigurable Games: Games that Change with the Environment (2014)

The purpose of ubiquitous computing lies on making computation invisible to users eyes. Ubiquitous games, on the other hand, try to embed electronic gaming experience into users lives, blending virtual and real components into the play. This type of games represents a challenge for game designers since they need to know which computing resources can be used to create the metaphors that will lead to new experiences. Reconfigurable games are a subset of such games. Their novelty resides in creating games that self-adapt to changes in the real world, creating an ever changing gaming experience. This paper discusses the concept of reconfigurable games. More specifically, we identify the main characteristics of such games and discuss some of the challenges in their development, focusing on the diversity of interaction capabilities available.
The generation of shared cryptographic keys through full duplex channel impulse response estimation at 60 GHz (2010)

In scenarios where standard key-management schemes are infeasible, methods to generate private keys based on wireless channel characteristics have been proposed. In this paper, we discuss recent results in the implementation of a full-duplex system for the generation of private keys for cryptographic communications using channel impulse-response estimation at 60 GHz. The full duplex system is composed of two transceivers implemented with commercial millimeter-wave VubIQ transceivers, laboratory equipment, and software implemented in MATLAB. Near simultaneous channel measurements in complex environments are presented with differences in the measured response quantified.
The action of carbon dioxide on afferent transmission in the dorsal column—lemniscal system (1971)

1. Transmission in the lemniscal afferent pathway was studied in thirteen decerebrate, unanaesthetized cats while changing the concentration of inspired P(CO2).2. 2-20% CO(2), when inhaled for </= 10 min, raised the mean tissue P(CO2), recorded from the surface of the medulla or cerebellum, from 22 torr to between 26 and 93 torr.3. Medial lemniscal potentials were evoked by stimulation of a forelimb nerve and recorded from the transected surface of the contralateral mid-brain. The transmission of supramaximal responses was progressively and reversibly depressed as tissue levels of P(CO2) were raised and lowered. The time course of the changes in transmission corresponded closely to changes in the tissue P(CO2).4. The amplitude of the main early lemniscal peak was decreased to 80% by the inhalation of 20% CO(2). A late component of the lemniscal response, presumably due to repetitive firing and conduction in smaller fibres and polysynaptic pathways, was more affected than the early main response.5. The failure of transmission was unrelated to threshold changes in the peripheral nerve, since potentials recorded close to the site of stimulation showed no changes.6. Increases in the transmission time of the main lemniscal potentials were uniform and < 10% during the administration of CO(2) and did not appear to contribute to amplitude changes.7. The inhibition of afferent transmission from one nerve by a preceding conditioning volley in a second nerve was not altered by hypercarbia.8. It is concluded that CO(2) has a blocking action on afferent transmission in the pre-thalamic lemniscal system. The site of this block may be at the synapses and/or other regions of low safety factor in the afferent fibres.
Electrophysiological Consequences of Dyssynchronous Heart Failure and Its Restoration by Resynchronization Therapy (2009)

CRT partially restores DHF-induced ion channel remodeling and abnormal Ca(2+) homeostasis and attenuates the regional heterogeneity of action potential duration. The electrophysiological changes induced by CRT may suppress ventricular arrhythmias, contribute to the survival benefit of this therapy, and improve the mechanical performance of the heart.
Electronic structure and optical properties of boron doped single-wall carbon nanotubes (2003)

We present a study of the electronic structure and the optical properties of boron doped single walled carbon nanotubes which have been produced by a substitution reaction from nanotube templates. The morphology and crystal structure of the samples have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy. Clean boron doped SWCNT with an average boron content of 15 at% have been produced. The B1s and C1s core level spectra reveal that boron is in an sp2 configuration and that the effective charge transfer is about 0.5 holes per boron to the C‐derived states. The boron substitution also leads to new features in the optical absorption spectra which can be attributed to the appearance of an acceptor band about 0.1 eV above the top of the valence band of the SWCNT. These changes in the electronic structure and in the optical properties upon boron substitution are in good agreement with state of the art ab initio calculations.
In-situ equivalent CO sub 2 estimates using a neutron-induced gamma-ray spectroscopy logging system (1989)

We are trying to adapt a commercial neutron-induced gamma-ray spectroscopy log to estimate carbonate content in emplacement (2- 4-m diameter) boreholes at the Nevada Test Site. Such a log would test a much larger (and therefore presumably more representative) sample than the few grams currently used in sample analysis and would be continuous rather than discrete. We have performed large-scale laboratory experiments using test boxes filled with mixtures of silica sand and crushed limestone. The test boxes are 5 m long, and the material is screeded into a cylindrical arc of 1.2-m radius to simulate our borehole environment. These tests showed that the log is sensitive not only to carbonate content but also to water content of the formation as well as the gap between the logging sonde and the wall of the borehole. Consequently, we modified the sonde to measure the sonde-wall gap and developed procedures for correcting the measured carbonate content for water content and gap. When we used these procedures in the laboratory, with a moving sonde and a rough (3- 8-cm variations) surface on the test mixture, we obtained an accuracy of better than 0.02 equivalent dry weight fraction CO{sub 2} (the amount of CO{sub 2}more » that would be generated if all the carbonate were converted to CO{sub 2}). 14 refs., 15 figs.« less
Role of Sucrose in Microspore Embryo Production in<i>Brassica napus</i>ssp.<i>oleifera</i> (1985)

One cultivar of winter oil seed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) and three cultivars of spring rape were used in a study of the effects of sucrose on microspore survival and embryo induction in cultured anthers. A preliminary study on the winter cultivar (Fiona) revealed that the osmotic pressure of the supernatant of anther homogenates was equivalent to a solution of 17% sucrose. A study of microspore survival and embryo induction in this cultivar on media containing either 8%, 12%, 16% or 20% sucrose revealed the highest survival (after 16 d) and the greatest number of anthers with induced embryos (after 42 d) occurred on the highest sucrose concentration. A subsequent study on three spring cultivars (Willi, Duplo and Tower) examined microspore survival at 8 d and embryo induction (42 d) on media containing either 8% or 16% sucrose and again revealed much higher survival and induction at the higher concentration. The variation in response between the cultivars was also reduced by culture at the higher sucrose concentration. The beneficial effect of the 16% level occurred regardless of the growth environment of the donor plants and of thestage of pollen development at the start of culture. However, macroscopic embryos emerged only from anthers on the 8% sucrose concentration, suggesting that transfer of anthers from a high to anormal sucrose concentration during culture would ensure that full advantage was taken of the much higher initial survival on the higher concentration.
Poly(3,6-silafluorene-co-2,7-fluorene)-based high-efficiency and color-pure blue light-emitting polymers with extremely narrow band-width and high spectral stability (2006)

A new series of copolymers (PSiFF) based on 3,6-silafluorene and 2,7-fluorene were synthesized via the Suzuki polycondensation. The influences of the 3,6-silafluorene content in the copolymers on the thermal, photophysical, electroluminescence and electrochemical properties were investigated. The incorporation of 3,6-silafluorene into the polyfluorene main chain not only suppressed the long-wavelength emission but significantly improved the efficiency and color purity of the copolymer-based devices. Both fluorene and 3,6-silafluorene took part in π-conjugation of the main chain and the electroluminescence spectra were remarkably blue-shifted with increasing wide bandgap 3,6-silafluorene content. The device based on PSiFF90 with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT : PSS/PVK/polymer/Ba/Al showed a quantum efficiency of 3.34% and a luminous efficiency of 2.02 cd A−1 at a brightness of 326 cd m−2 with CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of (0.16, 0.07), which almost match the NTSC standard blue pixel coordinates of (0.14, 0.08). Moreover, the incorporation of 3,6-silafluorene into the polyfluorene main chain significantly improved the spectral stability at annealing. The results indicate poly(3,6-silafluorene-co-2,7-fluorene) could be a promising candidate for blue-emitting polymers of high efficiency and good color purity.
Technique for Collection of Food Volatiles for Gas Chromatographic Analysis (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTechnique for Collection of Food Volatiles for Gas Chromatographic AnalysisW. W. Nawar and I. S. FagersonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 11, 1534Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60167a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60167a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Isolation and Characterization of Novel Mycobacteriophages (2004)

1 --------------------------------------------------~ Introduction 3 ~----------------------------------------------= Mycobacteria General Information, _________________ -.::::..3 Mycobacteriophages General Information~ __________________ ~5 Objective ___________________________________ -=8 Materials and Methods ________________________________ --=::..9 Phages _____________________________________ ~ Spot Tests ________________________________ ~9 Isolation 10 '---------------------------~ Screerung~ __________________________ ~l~O Plaque Purification, ____________________________ ~l~l High Titer Stocks _________________ ----:.l=2 Isolation ofDNA _____________________________ ~1.::::..3 Restriction Analysis ofDNA'---___________________ ......;1;;;..;;:;..3 Genomic Analysis, __________________________ ==-15 Mycobacteria'---________________________________ =16 Potential Host Isolation, ______________ ----'1-=6 Characterization of Potential Host, ___________ .-:1;...;;...7 Genomic DNA Extraction _______________________ -=1-=8 Identification of potential host, _____________________ -----'1;;;....;;..8 Results __________________________________________ --=2;.;::..O The Known Phages __________________ -=20 The Novel Mycobacteriophages ______________ __:2=1 Ho~Bacteria~ ___________________ __:2=1 Conc1usion, _______________________ --=2=2 Works Cited. _______________________ --=2=-..;;.4
Fluorescent Proteins, Promoters, and Selectable Markers for Applications in the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (2018)

Lyme disease is the most widely reported vector-borne disease in the United States. Its incidence is rapidly increasing, and disease symptoms can be debilitating. The need to understand the biology of the disease agent, the spirochete <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, is thus evermore pressing. Despite important advances in <i>B. burgdorferi</i> genetics, the array of molecular tools available for use in this organism remains limited, especially for cell biological studies. Here, we adapt a palette of bright and mostly monomeric fluorescent proteins for versatile use and multicolor imaging in <i>B. burgdorferi</i> We also characterize two novel antibiotic selection markers and establish the feasibility of their use in conjunction with extant markers. Last, we describe a set of promoters of low and intermediate strengths that allow fine-tuning of gene expression levels. These molecular tools complement and expand current experimental capabilities in <i>B. burgdorferi</i>, which will facilitate future investigation of this important human pathogen. To showcase the usefulness of these reagents, we used them to investigate the subcellular localization of BB0323, a <i>B. burgdorferi</i> lipoprotein essential for survival in the host and vector environments. We show that BB0323 accumulates at the cell poles and future division sites of <i>B. burgdorferi</i> cells, highlighting the complex subcellular organization of this spirochete.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Genetic manipulation of the Lyme disease spirochete <i>B. burgdorferi</i> remains cumbersome, despite significant progress in the field. The scarcity of molecular reagents available for use in this pathogen has slowed research efforts to study its unusual biology. Of interest, <i>B. burgdorferi</i> displays complex cellular organization features that have yet to be understood. These include an unusual morphology and a highly fragmented genome, both of which are likely to play important roles in the bacterium's transmission, infectivity, and persistence. Here, we complement and expand the array of molecular tools available for use in <i>B. burgdorferi</i> by generating and characterizing multiple fluorescent proteins, antibiotic selection markers, and promoters of varied strengths. These tools will facilitate investigations in this important human pathogen, as exemplified by the polar and midcell localization of the cell envelope regulator BB0323, which we uncovered using these reagents.
Perception of Green Hotels in the 21st Century (2012)

This study was conducted to examine the perceptions, attitudes, behaviors, and thoughts of consumers when it comes to “green” hotels (resorts) in the twenty-first century. People have, in recent years, shifted their focus towards preserving the environment; thus, leading a movement to an expectations of “green” lifestyles. These lifestyles are not only in the home, but wherever the traveler goes leading to “green” hotels being a major interest to consumers. The result of this study indicated that consumers are willing to stay in green hotels. The study also showed that a majority of consumers considered going “green” as an important factor in their hotel choice. However, the question about who should pay for green hotels depends on who you ask. The assessments of consumer perception on water and energy conservation in this study were very encouraging.
Efficient analytical scatter modeling in fully 3-D iterative single photon emission computed tomography reconstruction (2004)

Quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images are degraded by several physical factors, among which Compton scatter is the most difficult to compensate. An analytical scatter modeling (ASM) method is proposed to model scatter in SPECT. The reconstruction architecture includes following steps: 1) a look-up table describing patient independent factors was precalculated, and a numerical integration method based on number theory resulted in 1 to 2 order of magnitude speed up in precalculation. 2) The transition matrix was generated based on the patient-specific attenuation map. 3) OSEM reconstruction was performed with an unmatched projector/backprojector. ASM was validated by Monte-Carlo simulation, considering the case of the point source in a homogeneous and a non-homogeneous medium. Experiment was performed using a HAMAMATSU BHP6601 SPECT and a SPECT performance phantom. Projection data was reconstructed by OSEM method with/without ASM, filtered back projection(FBP) and FBP with dual energy window (DEW) scatter correction. Results show that OSEM/ASM is more accurate and gain higher contrast than others. For a 64 /spl times/64 /spl times/ 64 image array. The computation time of the transition matrix is 80 min, and the reconstruction takes 4 min per iteration on a 1.54 GHz processor PC. This work proposed a computationally efficient method to model scatter in SPECT reconstruction within clinically acceptable time.
Performance of submillimeter CdZnTe strip detectors (2002)

We report results of a study undertaken to experimentally determine the achievable spatial resolution of monolithic cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) arrays. It was demonstrated that CZT arrays can produce direct electronic X-ray images with fine spatial resolution and high detection efficiency. For low X-ray energies useful for imaging soft tissue such as the breast, 50 micron resolution with virtually 100% detection efficiency were demonstrated, while for higher energy X-rays where fluorescence dominates the signal spreading, 100 micron resolution was demonstrated. Due to electrostatic effects of small anodes, improved charge deficit tailing and pulse rise time results are observed for strips as well as pixels.
JIMO Mission with Antiproton Powered Gas Core Fission Rocket (2005)

Recent theoretical and experimental studies have shown that "at rest" annihilation of antiprotons in U 238 nuclei results in fission at nearly 100% efficiency.The resulting highly charged, very energetic fission fragments can be utilized to heat a suitable medium to very high temperatures.Such an ionized medium can be confined by a magnetic field during the heating process, and if subsequently ejected through a magnetic nozzle it can generate a very desirable propulsive capability that renders the system suitable for near-term space exploration.The proposed propulsion system, consisting of an antiproton trap attached to a gasdynamic mirror (GDM) magnetic confinement device, is assessed in terms of its capability to accomplish a Jupiter Icy Moon Orbiter (JIMO) mission using either a U 238 propellant or a hydrogenous propellant consisting of 50-50 mixture of deuterium and tritium (DT).In the case of the U 238 propellant, the GDM plasma was determined to be 30 cm in radius and about 650 cm in length, providing a thrust of about 23 kiloNewton at a specific impulse (Isp) of 2320 seconds.In the DT case, no attempt was made to exploit the fusion reactions although some would take place.With the same density and temperature and plasma radius, it is found that larger Isp is obtained due to the smallness of mass, and larger thrust is also obtained due to the shorter confinement time that leads to larger mass flow rate.It is shown that a round trip JIMO mission can be accomplished in about 1374 days with 1.1 days of thrusting in the U 238 case with one gram of antiprotons, while the same mission can be accomplished in the DT case in about 1327 days with a thrust time of 0.045 days for the same amount of antiprotons.
Novel Lanthanide Amides Incorporating Neutral Pyrrole Ligand in a Constrained Geometry Architecture: Synthesis, Characterization, Reaction, and Catalytic Activity (2013)

The first series of lanthanide amido complexes incorporating a neutral pyrrole ligand in a constrained geometry architecture were synthesized, and their bonding, reactions, and catalytic activities were studied. Treatment of [(Me3Si)2N]3Ln(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3 with 1 equiv of (N-C6H5NHCH2CH2)(2,5-Me2C4H2N) (1) afforded the first example of bisamido lanthanide complexes having the neutral pyrrole η5-bonded to the metal formulated as [η5:η1-(N-C6H5NCH2CH2)(2,5-Me2C4H2N)]Ln[N(SiMe3)2]2 (Ln = La (2) and Nd (3)). Reaction of [(Me3Si)2N]3Sm(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3 with 2 equiv of 1 produced the complex [η5:η1-(N-C6H5NCH2CH2)(2,5-Me2C4H2N)][η1-(N-C6H5NCH2CH2)(2,5-Me2C4H2N)]]SmN(SiMe3)2 (4). Treatment of 3 with 2 equiv of 1 gave the sandwich neodymium complex [η5:η1-(N-C6H5NCH2CH2)(2,5-Me2C4H2N)]2Nd[η1-(N-C6H5NCH2CH2)(2,5-Me2C4H2N)] (5), in which two neutral pyrroles bonded with metal in an η5 mode. Complex 5 could also be prepared by reaction of [(Me3Si)2N]3Nd(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3 with 3 equiv of 1. Reactivities of the lanthanide bisamido complexes were further investigated. Reaction of complex 2 with pyrrolyl-functionalized imine [2-(2,6-iPr2C6H3N═CH)C4H3NH] afforded a mixed η5-bonded neutral pyrrole and η1-bonded anionic pyrrolyl lanthanum complex [η5:η1-(N-C6H5NCH2CH2)(2,5-Me2C4H2N)]{η1-2-[(2,6-iPr2C6H3)NCH]C4H3N}La[N(SiMe3)2] (6). Reactions of complexes 2 and 3 with pyrrolyl-functionalized secondary amine afforded the mixed η5-bonded neutral pyrrole and the η1-bonded anionic pyrrolyl lanthanide complexes [η5:η1-(N-C6H5NCH2CH2)(2,5-Me2C4H2N)][(η1-2-tBuNCH)C4H3N]2Ln (Ln = La (7), Nd (8)) with dehydrogenation of the secondary amine. Investigation of the catalytic properties of complexes 2–8 indicated that all complexes exhibited a high activity with a high chemo- and regioselectivity on the addition of dialkyl phosphite to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives. An interesting result was found that 1,2-hydrophosphonylation substrates could be catalytically converted to 1,4-hydrophosphinylation products when the substrates are the substituted benzylideneacetones by controlling the reaction conditions.