gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature tuning of microcavity ring and disk resonators at 1.5-μm (2002)

We report the temperature-tuning of novel microcavity resonators with wide free spectral range /spl Delta//spl lambda//sub fsr/, and high finesse. We have fabricated and demonstrated AlGaAs/GaAs ring and disk resonators with diameters of 10.5 and 20.5 /spl mu/m evanescently coupled to single-mode waveguides. Strong lateral waveguide confinement allows micron-size cavities with negligible bending loss and the resonators can be fabricated with reasonably low loss using nanofabrication techniques, resulting in a high finesse. The 10.5-/spl mu/m-diameter disk resonator yields a finesse as high as 120 (Q=8600) and /spl Delta//spl lambda//sub fsr/ of 21.6 nm. The temperature tuning is 1.3 nm/10/spl deg/C, suitable for a thermally-controlled switch or widely tunable filter.
T cells in organ ischemia reperfusion injury (2014)

T-cell-targeted therapies need to be refined with strategies to maximally eliminate the proinflammatory but spare the anti-inflammatory/immune regulatory properties of T cells, for future clinical application to ameliorate IRI.
The effect of dietary taurine content on the plasma taurine concentration of the cat (1991)

The essential role of taurine in the diet of the cat has been well documented and a deficiency of this nutrient is known to be responsible for a number of clinical conditions. At present, the National Research Council (1986) recommendation for the minimum dietary requirement of the kitten is 400 mg/kg dry matter and for a pregnant cat is 500 mg/kg dry matter. However, these minima were established by feeding the animals on semi-purified diets and, therefore, may be inappropriate for other dietary regimens. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of feeding a series of specially prepared diets containing different concentrations of taurine (canned diets 1475-5750 mg/kg dry matter, dry diets 811-1240 mg/kg dry matter) on the plasma taurine concentration of the cat. All diets were fed solus for 6 weeks and plasma taurine concentration was measured every 2 weeks. The results showed that to maintain plasma taurine values in the 'normal' range (less than 60 mumol/l), a canned diet must supply at least 39 mg taurine/kg body-weight per d and a dry diet at least 19 mg/kg body-weight per d; a cat fed on a semi-purified diet need only achieve a daily intake of at least 10 mg taurine/kg body-weight to maintain an adequate circulating level of taurine. The cause of the reduced availability of taurine from these diets is not yet known. Furthermore, repletion of plasma concentration above 60 mumol/l can be achieved within 2 weeks of feeding an adequate diet.
The development of an online video browsing system (2001)

This paper presents a system designed to allow efficient retrieving, browsing and real time playing of videos through the Internet using a web browser. The system consists of a web site as well as tools to facilitate browsing, searching and video streaming. At the website, users can view video structures and clip details, search for segments in a video by key words and play video clips in real time according to their own connection speeds. In this paper, various approaches to each component of the system are discussed. Issues encountered in the design and implementations of the system are described. Testing results on resource usage and system usability are also evaluated.
eFrastructure: the .Net beta (2002)

MICROSOFT'S MUCH ANTICIPATED SECOND BETA of its. NET technology (pronounced dot net) will have a major impact on the software industry, and thus its architecture warrants a close look.
Fabrication of Gd2O(CO3)2·H2O/silica/gold hybrid particles as a bifunctional agent for MR imaging and photothermal destruction of cancer cells (2009)

Bifunctional Gd2O(CO3)2·H2O/silica/Au hybrid particles were synthesized. The Gd2O(CO3)2·H2O cores were decorated with a silica layer on the surface through the condensation of TEOS and reaction with APTES to produce Gd2O(CO3)2·H2O/silica hybrid particles. The silica-coated particles were then conjugated with gold nanoparticles serving as seeds to react with HAuCl4 solution for the formation of Au shells leading to Gd2O(CO3)2·H2O/silica/Au hybrid particles. The thickness of the Au shells were set to 12, 26, 63 nm by adjusting the HAuCl4 amount. For in vitro MRI measurements, the T1-weighted performance was significantly affected by the Au shell thickness. The relaxivity r1 increased as the Au shell thickness decreased; 12 nm Au shell particles had the highest r1 value. The hybrid particles also showed the capability of absorbing near-infrared (NIR) radiation for photothermal destruction of cancer cells. It was found that the Au shell thickness also strongly influenced the NIR optical absorption and photothermal effect. At a fixed particle number, particles with a 63 nm Au shell exhibited the best photothermal performance. When the particle weight was fixed, 12 nm Au shell particles led to the optimum photothermal cancer destruction. Gd2O(CO3)2·H2O/silica/Au hybrid particles demonstrated potential as a MR imaging and therapeutic agent.
A cost effective 5΄ selective single cell transcriptome profiling approach with improved UMI design (2016)

Single cell RNA sequencing approaches are instrumental in studies of cell-to-cell variability. 5΄ selective transcriptome profiling approaches allow simultaneous definition of the transcription start size and have advantages over 3΄ selective approaches which just provide internal sequences close to the 3΄ end. The only currently existing 5΄ selective approach requires costly and labor intensive fragmentation and cell barcoding after cDNA amplification. We developed an optimized 5΄ selective workflow where all the cell indexing is done prior to fragmentation. With our protocol, cell indexing can be performed in the Fluidigm C1 microfluidic device, resulting in a significant reduction of cost and labor. We also designed optimized unique molecular identifiers that show less sequence bias and vulnerability towards sequencing errors resulting in an improved accuracy of molecule counting. We provide comprehensive experimental workflows for Illumina and Ion Proton sequencers that allow single cell sequencing in a cost range comparable to qPCR assays.
Flavonoids, Potential Bioactive Compounds, and Non-Shivering Thermogenesis (2018)

Obesity results from the body having either high energy intake or low energy expenditure. Based on this energy equation, scientists have focused on increasing energy expenditure to prevent abnormal fat accumulation. Activating the human thermogenic system that regulates body temperature, particularly non-shivering thermogenesis in either brown or white adipose tissue, has been suggested as a promising solution to increase energy expenditure. Together with the increasing interest in understanding the mechanism by which plant-derived dietary compounds prevent obesity, flavonoids were recently shown to have the potential to regulate non-shivering thermogenesis. In this article, we review the latest research on flavonoid derivatives that increase energy expenditure through non-shivering thermogenesis.
Bid optimizing and inventory scoring in targeted online advertising (2012)

Billions of online display advertising spots are purchased on a daily basis through real time bidding exchanges (RTBs). Advertising companies bid for these spots on behalf of a company or brand in order to purchase these spots to display banner advertisements. These bidding decisions must be made in fractions of a second after the potential purchaser is informed of what location (Internet site) has a spot available and who would see the advertisement. The entire transaction must be completed in near real-time to avoid delays loading the page and maintain a good users experience. This paper presents a bid-optimization approach that is implemented in production at Media6Degrees for bidding on these advertising opportunities at an appropriate price. The approach combines several supervised learning algorithms, as well as second price auction theory, to determine the correct price to ensure that the right message is delivered to the right person, at the right time.
Assessment of the potential of plasma fractionation processes to remove causative agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (1999)

Although there is no evidence that classical CJD (cCJD) can be transmitted by human blood or blood products in clinical practice, uncertainties surrounding new variant CJD (nvCJD) have led to the safety of plasma products derived from UK donors being questioned. To better define whether or not there is a risk of nvCJD being transmitted it is necessary to determine how the causative agent would partition across the separations processes used in the preparation of plasma products. The abnormal prion protein which is associated with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), such as CJD, has a low solubility, a high tendency to form aggregates and adheres to surfaces readily. If the physicochemical properties of the agent of nvCJD are similar to those of abnormal prion protein then nvCJD may be removed by precipitation and adsorption technologies used in plasma fractionation. Available data on the removal of TSE agents by such bioprocess technologies have been used to estimate the potential degree of reduction expected from each step in the plasma fractionation processes used by the SNBTS. The overall process reduction factors estimated are: 10(13) (albumin). 10(9) (immunoglobulins), 10(7) (factor IX, thrombin), 10(5) (fibrinogen), 10(4) (factor VIII) and 10(3) (factor II, IX and X); however, it will be necessary to establish the accuracy of these estimates by practical validation studies.
Spatial intensity prior correction for tissue segmentation in the developing human brain (2011)

The degree of white matter (WM) myelination is rather inhomogeneous across the brain. As a consequence, white matter appears differently across the cortical lobes in MR images acquired during early postnatal development. At 1 year old specifically, the gray/white matter contrast of MR images in prefrontal and temporal lobes is limited and thus tissue segmentation results show commonly reduce edaccuracy in these lobes. In this novel work, we propose the use of spatial intensity growth maps (IGM) for T1 and T2 weighted image to compensate for local appearance inhomogeneity. The IGM captures expected intensity changes from 1 to 2 years of age, as appearance inhomogeneity is highly reduced by the age of 24 months. For that purpose, we employ MRI data from a large dataset of longitudinal (12 and 24 month old subjects) MR study of Autism. The IGM creation is based on automatically co-registered images at 12 months, corresponding registered 24 months images, and a final registration of all image to a prior average template. In template space, voxelwise correspondence is thus achieved and the IGM is computed as the coefficient of a voxelwise linear regression model between corresponding intensities at 1-year and 2-years. The proposed IGM shows low regression values of 1-10% in GM and CSF regions, as well as in WM regions at advanced stage of myelination at 1-year. However, in the prefrontal and temporal lobe we observed regression values of 20-25%, indicating that the IGM appropriately captures the expected large intensity change in these lobes due to myelination. The IGM is applied to cross-sectional MRI datasets of 1-year old subjects via registration, correction and tissue segmentation of the corrected dataset. We validated our approach in a small study of images with known, manual "ground truth" segmentations. We furthermore present an EM-like optimization of adapting existing non-optimal prior atlas probability maps to fit known expert rater segmentations.
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and multiple cycles of strongly myelosuppressive alkylator-based combination chemotherapy in children with neuroblastoma (2000)

With multiple cycles of strongly myelosuppressive alkylator-based combination chemotherapy, prophylactic use of G-CSF hastened ANC recovery but did not reduce the incidence of febrile episodes, had little impact on infection rates, did not yield augmented dose intensity, was associated with prolonged thrombocytopenia, and had no effect on response rates of neuroblastoma. The data support more limited use of G-CSF.
Estimation of Errors in “Raw” DNA Sequences: A Validation Study (1998)

As DNA sequencing is performed more and more in a mass-production-like manner, efficient quality control measures become increasingly important for process control, but so also does the ability to compare different methods and projects. One of the fundamental quality measures in sequencing projects is the position-specific error probability at all bases in each individual sequence. Accurate prediction of base-specific error rates from "raw" sequence data would allow immediate quality control as well as benchmarking different methods and projects while avoiding the inefficiencies and time delays associated with resequencing and assessments after "finishing" a sequence. The program PHRED provides base-specific quality scores that are logarythmically related to error probabilities. This study assessed the accuracy of PHRED's error-rate prediction by analyzing sequencing projects from six different large-scale sequencing laboratories. All projects used four-color fluorescent sequencing, but the sequencing methods used varied widely between the different projects. The results indicate that the error-rate predictions such as those given by PHRED can be highly accurate for a large variety of different sequencing methods as well as over a wide range of sequence quality.
Protein Nanostructures Formed via Direct-Write Dip-Pen Nanolithography (2003)

We report a tip modification strategy coupled with dip-pen nanolithography for depositing proteins on a surface. This methodology offers patterning capabilities on the scale of 45 nm to many micrometers length. The biorecognition properties of nanofeatures composed of immunoglobulin-gamma (IgG) were confirmed by reacting the array with gold nanoparticles coated with anti-IgG. Furthermore, a two component nanoarray was fabricated in direct-write fashion by DPN, and the biorecognition properties of this structure were investigated by AFM without biodiagnostic labels.
Design of low-loss and polarization-insensitive reflection grating-based planar demultiplexers (2000)

A method for designing polarization-insensitive reflection grating-based planar optical demultiplexer is presented. The grating profile is modified to obtain minimum loss variation over a large (31 nm) bandwidth. Also, the maximum polarization dependent loss variation of only 0.27 dB is obtained over the same spectral range.
20 GHz high performance planar Si/InGaAs P-I-N photodetector (2002)

Wafer fused planar Si/InGaAs p-i-n photodetectors were fabricated. They show high internal quantum efficiency (/spl eta//spl ap/1), high speed (21 GHz), record low dark current (100 pA at 4 V bias), and no evidence of charge trapping, recombination centers or a bandgap discontinuity at the heterointerface.
Distributed index formation of planar microlens (1985)

Abstract Finding the distributed index formation in the fabrication of planar microlens is important in realizing the optimization of the conditions controlling the distribution as it determines the optical properties. The system is modeled under the assumption that the penetration of the metal dopant ions follows the drift‐diffusion equation. Before this equation is solved, the diffusion constant and the mobility of metal ions in a glass substrate are measured. It is found that the diffusion constant is strongly dependent on the ion concentration. Based on these findings, the drift‐diffusion equation is analyzed numerically to find the concentration distribution in the planar microlens. It is found that the thermal diffusion with a strong concentration dependence contributes significantly to the formation of concentration profile without a tail.
Comparison of discrete multi-tone and pulse amplitude modulation for beyond 100 Gbps short-reach application (2013)

Advanced multi-level modulation is an attractive modulation technique for beyond 100 Gbps short reach optical transmission system. Above all, discrete multi-tone (DMT) technique and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) technique are the strong candidates. We compared the 100 Gbps transmission characteristics of DMT and PAM by simulation and experiment. The comparison was done by using same devices and only the digital signal processing was changed. We studied the transmission distance dependence for 0.5 to 40 km and the impact of the frequency responses of the optical devices. Finally we discuss the features of the both modulation techniques.
Isolation and experimental chicken-embryo-inoculation studies with budgerigar papovavirus. (1985)

Attempts to isolate and identify budgerigar papovavirus (BPV) were made during three separate outbreaks of disease diagnosed on pathological grounds. Direct electron microscopy was successful only when large areas of skin were extensively disrupted to release virus and then extracted with fluorocarbon to remove lipids. Direct inoculation of budgerigar tissue suspensions into chicken embryos or chicken cell cultures failed to produce detectable virus. However, when primary cultures of liver and kidney were prepared from affected budgerigars, BPV could be detected by electron microscopy and by the production of a cytopathic effect at the third or fourth passage in cell cultures. The isolated virus was pathogenic for 10-day-old but not 11- or 12-day-old chicken embryos. Inoculated 11- and 12-day-old embryos produced antibodies to BPV that were detectable 2 weeks after hatching by agar-gel-immunodiffusion tests.
Boron Nitride Nanotubes Versus Carbon Nanotubes: A Thermal Stability and Oxidation Behavior Study (2020)

Nanotubes made of boron nitride (BN) and carbon have attracted considerable attention within the literature due to their unique mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. In this work, BN and carbon nanotubes, exhibiting high purity (>99%) and similar surface areas (~200 m<sup>2</sup>/g), were systematically investigated for their thermal stability and oxidation behavior by combining thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry methods at temperatures of up to ~1300 °C under a synthetic air flow environment. The BN nanotubes showed a good resistance to oxidation up to ~900 °C and fully transformed to boron oxide up to ~1100 °C, while the carbon nanotubes were stable up to ~450 °C and almost completely combusted up to ~800 °C. The different oxidation mechanisms are attributed to the different chemical nature of the two types of nanotubes.
Quality of packed red blood cells and platelet concentrates collected by multicomponent collection using the MCS plus device (2003)

The demand for blood components is constantly increasing, while the exclusion criteria for donors are strengthened in order to reach maximal safety for donors and patients. To counterbalance reduced availability of volunteers, multicomponent collections (MCC) is an attractive approach to produce more than one component during a single apheresis procedure from one donor, such as packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and platelet concentrates (PCs). Further, the exposures of patients to a limited number of donors reduces the possibility of alloimmunization and transfusion-related diseases. We measured the quality of PRBCs and PCs obtained by MCC, using the MCS+ device with the LDPRBC program, Revision B, and compared them with the quality of manually collected PRBCs and PCs collected with the Revision C2 of the MCS+. We found higher pH levels and lower hemolysis assessed by means of fHb and K+ in the supernatant of PRBCs over the whole storage period of 42 days in MCC-derived PRBCs. The functional metabolism assessed by intracellular ATP was higher in PRBCs collected by MCC than in manually collected units. Furthermore, PCs obtained during MCC showed an increase in p-selectin expression on day 5 of storage compared to PCs collected with the Revision C2 of the MCS+. The p-selectin expression on MCC platelets was within the range of p-selectin expression found in PCs obtained by other apheresis devices. These results indicate less storage lesion in MCC-derived PRBCs compared to manually collected units and no compromise in the quality of MCC PCs obtained in the same apheresis procedure.
Highly Efficient Extraction of Phenols from Aqueous Solution Using Magnetic Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (2010)

Water-insoluble magnetic room temperature ionic liquid (MRTIL), [3C6PC14][FeCl4], was synthesized from trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride and FeCl3.6H2O. The MRTIL was used for solvent extraction of phenols from aqueous solution. Due to its strong paramagneticity, [3C6PC14][FeCl4] can respond to an external magnetic field, which was employed to design a novel magnetic extraction technique. Extraction conditions such as extraction time, volume ratio between MRTIL and aqueous phase, and pH were optimized. Phenols with multiple chlorine substituents exhibited higher distribution ratios. Compared with four traditional non-magnetic ionic liquids, the MRTIL exhibited significantly higher extraction efficiency.
Coordination of Trivalent Metal Cations to Peptides: Results from IRMPD Spectroscopy and Theory (2009)

Structures of trivalent lanthanide metal cations La(3+), Ho(3+), and Eu(3+) with deprotonated Ala(n) (n = 2-5) or Leu-enk (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) are investigated with infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy between 900 and 1850 cm(-1) and theory. In all of these complexes, a salt bridge is formed in which the metal cation coordinates to the carboxylate group of the peptide, resulting in a limited conformational space and many sharp IRMPD spectral bands. The IRMPD spectra clearly indicate that all carbonyl groups solvate the metal cation in each of the Ala(n) complexes. Due to strong vibrational coupling between the carbonyl groups, a sharp, high-energy amide I band due to in-phase stretching of all of the amide carbonyl groups bound to the metal cation is observed that is separated by approximately 50 cm(-1) from a strong, lower-energy amide I band. This extent of carbonyl coupling, which is sometimes observed in condensed-phase peptide and protein IR spectroscopy, has not been reported in IRMPD spectroscopy studies of other cationized peptide complexes. Intense bands due to carbonyl groups not associated with the metal cation are observed for Leu-enk complexes, indicating that a side chain group, such as the Tyr or Phe aromatic ring, prevents complete carbonyl coordination of the metal cation. Substitution of smaller lanthanide cations for La(3+) in these peptide complexes results only in minor structural changes consistent with the change in metal cation size. These are the first IRMPD spectra reported for lanthanide metal cationized peptides, and comparison to previously reported protonated and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cationized peptide complexes reveals many trends consistent with the higher charge state of the lanthanide cations.
Servers in SCADA applications (1997)

Data acquisition and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems have evolved from mainframe-based systems to multilevel tiered systems to flat client-server architecture. This paper examines the necessity for this evolution and the technology that spurred it on. A rod mill is discussed as a case study.