gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integral-floating Display with 360 Degree Horizontal Viewing Angle (2012)

A three-dimensional integral-floating display with 360 degree horizontal viewing angle is proposed. A lens array integrates two-dimensional elemental images projected by a digital micro-mirror device, reconstructing three-dimensional images. The three-dimensional images are then relayed to a mirror via double floating lenses. The mirror rotates in synchronization with the digital micro-mirror device to direct the relayed three-dimensional images to corresponding horizontal directions. By combining integral imaging and the rotating mirror scheme, the proposed method displays full-parallax three-dimensional images with 360 degree horizontal viewing angle.
Recent Developments in the Domain Name System (2011)

The Domain Name System (DNS) makes it possible to access information from host computers and to send and receive messages anywhere on the Internet. It is a distributed set of databases residing in computers around the world that contain IP address mapped to corresponding domain names. Currently, Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) manages DNS and designs policies for its operations. Recently, DNS has witnessed phenomenal developments in terms of technical, operational, and managerial decisions which have made significant impact on Internet-related policy issues such as intellectual property, privacy, e-commerce, and cybersecurity. This paper surveys remarkable developments that Domain Name System has undergone in recent times. The advancements particularly advancements in the areas of international domain names, managerial decision of expanding generic top-level domain space, deployment of DNSSEC protocol at the root servers, approval of Triple X top-level domain, domain resolution policy, present status of contractual compliance programs and privacy of domain name holders have been presented in detail.
Design and performance of a noncontacting probe for measurements on high-frequency planar circuits (1992)

Optimal design of a noncontacting magnetic probe for measurements on the interior of planar high-frequency circuits has been studied, and performance of the probe has been determined. The design was studied using enlarged models tested at frequencies 100 times lower than those of the actual intended use. The nature of its errors has been investigated, and some techniques for error reduction have been found. The accuracy of measurements on circuits with SWR <3.0 is typically 0.8 dB in magnitude and 7 degrees in phase. S-parameter measurements on general two-ports can also be made by using the probe at several different positions on the associated transmission lines. The technique effectively eliminates the problem of de-embedding that arises in other kinds of S-parameter measurements. Examples of measurements with the large model probe are presented and compared with theory. Performance appears to be acceptable for the intended applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phospholipid biosynthesis in mammalian cells (2004)

Identification of the genes and gene products involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine has lagged behind that in many other fields because of difficulties encountered in purifying the respective proteins. Nevertheless, most of these genes have now been identified. In this review article, we have highlighted important new findings on the individual enzymes and the corresponding genes of phosphatidylcholine synthesis via its two major biosynthetic pathways: the CDP-choline pathway and the methylation pathway. We also review recent studies on phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis by two pathways: the CDP-ethanolamine pathway, which is active in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase pathway, which operates in mitochondria. Finally, the two base-exchange enzymes, phosphatidylserine synthase-1 and phosphatidylserine synthase-2, that synthesize phosphatidylserine in mammalian cells are also discussed.
Effects of Early Progressive Eccentric Exercise on Muscle Structure After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2007)

Eccentric resistance training implemented three weeks after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament can induce structural changes in the quadriceps and gluteus maximus that greatly exceed those achieved with a standard rehabilitation protocol. The success of this intervention can be attributed to the gradual and progressive exposure to negative work through eccentric exercise, ultimately leading to production of high muscle force.
Far-Red Spectrum of Second Emerson Effect: A Study Using Dual-Wavelength Pulse Amplitude Modulation Fluorometry (2014)

Non-additive enhancement of the photosynthesis excited by simultaneous illumination with far-red light and light of shorter wavelengths is called as "second Emerson effect". Its action spectra are well-known as a photosynthetic yield's dependence on light wavelength in red (630-690 nm) spectral region at a constant-wavelength far-red illumination near 700-715 nm. However, the opposite dependence of the photosynthetic yield's of shorter constant-wavelength light (red or blue) on light wavelength in far-red (690-760 nm) spectral region was never studied. In this study the action spectrum of second Emerson effect was studied using a fast-Fourier dual-wavelength Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometry. Chlorophyll fluorescence in ailanthus (Ailanthus altissima Mill.) leaves was excited with blue modulated light. Far-red induced decrease of fluorescence (fluorescence shift-FRIFS) was studied in response to illumination of leaves with a background light from 690 to 760 nm (10 nm step), calculating FRIFS = (F 0 -Fs)/F 0 , where F 0fluorescence measured without and Fs-with far-red light. Maximum FRIFS was observed at 720 nm (11.8%), but it still remained considerable at 740, 750 nm and a low FRIFS values were revealed at 690 and even at 760 nm. Measurements carried out with blue saturating flashes during and after far-red illumination showed the increase of quantum yield of Photosystem II (PSII), calculated as Fv/Fm at 720 nm background light. FRIFS had lower values under excitation with red modulating light. It is concluded that FRIFS is a result of a photochemical quenching caused by an additional selective far-red excitation of PSI in conditions when PSII is preferably excited by blue light thus leading the PSI to limit non-cyclic electron flow. The contradiction between the known absorption spectra of PSI-light harvesting complex I and the observed action spectrum of second Emerson effect (FRIFS spectrum) is discussed.
Ketamine for cancer pain: what is the evidence? (2017)

Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that at low-dose has effective analgesic properties. In cancer pain, ketamine is usually prescribed as adjuvant to opioid therapy when pain becomes opioid resistant or when neuropathic pain symptoms dominate the clinical picture. A literature search revealed four randomized controlled trials that examined the benefit of oral, subcutaneous or intravenous ketamine in opioid refractory cancer pain. None showed clinically relevant benefit in relieving pain or reducing opioid consumption. This suggests absence of evidence of benefit for ketamine as adjuvant analgesic in cancer pain. These findings contrast the benefit from ketamine observed in a large number of open-label studies and (retrospective) case series. We relate the opposite outcomes to methodological issues. The complete picture is such that there is still insufficient evidence to state with certainty that ketamine is not effective in cancer pain.
Hepatic lipase deficiency. Clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic characteristics. (1993)

Hepatic lipase (HL) is an important enzyme in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins. The clinical syndrome of HL deficiency is rare and difficult to identify. We studied carriers of mutant HL to ascertain whether there are distinctive clinical and/or biochemical characteristics of the heterozygous state. In an Ontario kindred, compound heterozygosity for two HL mutations, S267F and T383M, underlies the clinical syndrome of complete HL deficiency. We report that simple heterozygotes for either HL mutant do not have a discrete lipoprotein abnormality, except for relative triglyceride enrichment of lipoprotein fractions with d > 1.006 g/mL. Postheparin HL activity is depressed to a greater degree in carriers of S267F compared with carriers of T383M. Retinyl palmitate loading studies in a compound heterozygote revealed impaired clearance of chylomicron remnants. The dyslipoproteinemia in a compound heterozygote was ameliorated by lovastatin. There was no difference in the quantity and distribution of HL mRNA in the liver of a compound heterozygote when compared with that of a normal subject. Thus, HL deficiency associated with structural variation of the HL gene is characterized by premature atherosclerosis, triglyceride enrichment of lipoprotein fractions with d > 1.006 g/mL, the presence of circulating beta-very low density lipoproteins, and abnormal catabolism of postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
Cervical spinous process reconstruction (2013)

Posterior neck deformity with an unsightly crater-like defect may result after cervicothoracic laminectomies. The authors present a new technique, spinous process reconstruction, to address this problem. A 64-year-old man presented with progressive quadriparesis secondary to cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Previously he had undergone multiple neck surgeries including cervicothoracic decompressive laminectomy. Postoperatively, he developed severe craniocervical spinal deformity and a large painful concave surgical defect in the neck. The authors performed craniocervical decompression and craniocervicothoracic instrumented stabilization. At the same time, cervicothoracic spinous process reconstruction was performed using titanium mesh to address the defect. Cervicothoracic decompressive laminectomy results in varying degrees of neck defect with resulting unsightly and an often painful surgical wound defect despite an appropriate multilayer closure. The presented spinous process reconstruction is a simple technique to address this problem with good clinical outcome.
A 5.2 mW IEEE 802.15.6 HBC Standard Compatible Transceiver With Power Efficient Delay-Locked-Loop Based BPSK Demodulator (2015)

A Low-power IEEE 802.15.6 human body communication (HBC) fully compatible transceiver is implemented in 130 nm CMOS process. In this work, the proposed HBC transceiver satisfying all the standard requirements has four key features for low power consumption which includes: 1) low-power analog active filters for TX spectral mask: 30% power reduction; 2) delayed locked loop (DLL) based BPSK receiver with the S/H operation for turning off unnecessary blocks: 40% power reduction; 3) low-power mode (LP-mode) receiver with the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) output data: 50% power reduction; and 4) reconfigurable LNA with RSSI output data: 60% power reduction. As a result, the proposed transceiver can fully satisfy the HBC standard requirements while consuming 5.2 mW from the 1.2 V supply.
Unique membrane‐interacting properties of the immunostimulatory cationic peptide KLKL<sub>5</sub>KLK (KLK) (2008)

We have monitored the effects of KLKL(5)KLK (KLK), a derivative of a natural cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAP) on isolated membrane vesicles, and investigated the partition of the peptide within these structures. KLK readily interacted with fluorescent dyes entrapped in the vesicles without apparent pore formation. Fractionation of vesicles revealed KLK predominantly in the membrane. Peptide-treated vesicles appeared with generally disorganized bilayers. While KLK showed no effect on osmotic resistance of human erythrocytes, dramatic decrease in core and surface membrane fluidity was observed in peptide-treated erythrocyte ghosts as measured by fluorescence anisotropy. Finally, CD spectroscopy revealed lipid-induced random coil to beta-sheet and beta-sheet to alpha-helix conformational transitions of KLK. Together with the oligonucleotide oligo-d(IC)(13) [ODN1a], KLK functions as a novel adjuvant, termed IC31. Among other immunological effects, KLK appears to facilitate the uptake and delivery of ODN1a into cellular compartments, but the nature of KLK's interaction with the cell surface and other membrane-bordered compartments remains unknown. Our results suggest a profound membrane interacting property of KLK that might contribute to the immunostimulatory activities of IC31.
Application of the Bergman-Sutton Method for Determining Blend Viscosity (2008)

Abstract As the petroleum industry accesses more low gravity oil resources, modification of viscosity by blending lighter hydrocarbons has become a necessity in order to attain bulk properties that will flow though a pipeline. In the more conventional oil reservoirs, the need to estimate the viscosity of oil blends occurs when reservoir fluids are contaminated with oil base muds or when production streams from different reservoirs or fields are commingled in a single pipeline. Several methods have appeared in the literature for estimating blend viscosity. All of these methods require a measured viscosity for each component of the blend. The number of viscosity measurements is compounded when the viscosity of the blended mixture is required at several temperatures. The Bergman and Sutton method has the widest range of temperature and oil API gravity of the viscosity correlations published and has been consistently demonstrated to provide accurate results over these conditions. This method requires the component specific gravity, characterization factor (Watson K) and temperature to estimate viscosity. By using the proper mixing rules, an estimate of blend viscosity can be made with comparable or improved accuracy over the "best" published methods without the need for individual component viscosity measurements. A database of 2000 blend viscosity measurements from over 800 mixtures was created to compare the accuracy of the various methods. Viscosity measurements of the individual components in the blends studied exceeded 7600 datapoints. A diverse group of mixtures ranging from light alkane or aromatic pure components to bitumen, diesel, biodiesel, condensate, crude and assay fractions were included in this database. Blends were comprised of the typical binary mixtures but ranged up to a maximum of eight components in the mixture.
Analysis of a microchannel interconnect based on the clustering of smart-pixel-device windows (1996)

A design analysis of a telecentric microchannel relay system developed for use with a smart-pixel-based photonic backplane is presented. The interconnect uses a clustered-window geometry in which optoelectronic device windows are grouped together about the axis of each microchannel. A Gaussian-beam propagation model is used to analyze the trade-off between window size, window density, transistor count per smart pixel, and lenslet ƒ-number for three cases of window clustering. The results of this analysis show that, with this approach, a window density of 4000 windows/cm(2) is obtained for a window size of 30 µm and a device plane separation of 25 mm. In addition, an optical power model is developed to determine the nominal power requirements of a 32 × 32 smart-pixel array as a function of window size. The power requirements are obtained assuming a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor inverter-amplifier and dual-rail multiple-quantum-well self-electro-optic-effect devices as the receiver stage of the smart pixel.
Eos: a novel member of the Ikaros gene family expressed predominantly in the developing nervous system (1999)

We identified a novel member of the Ikaros gene family, which has critical roles in the development of lymphoid lineages. This gene, which we named Eos, was expressed predominantly in the developing central and peripheral nervous system. Eos protein could interact with itself and Ikaros protein through its C-terminal portion in the yeast two hybrid assay. These findings suggested that Eos may have important roles in neural development similarly to the Ikaros family in the development of hemolymphoid tissue.
A kinetic study of ferrocenium cation decomposition utilizing an integrated electrochemical methodology composed of cyclic voltammetry and amperometry (2014)

A novel, easy, quick, and inexpensive integrated electrochemical methodology composed of cyclic voltammetry and amperometry has been developed for the determination of the kinetic stability of higher oxidation states for inorganic complexes. In this study, ferrocene and its derivatives have been used as model systems and the corresponding ferrocenium cations were generated in situ during the electrochemical experiments to determine their kinetic stabilities. The study found that the ferrocenium cations decompose following the first-order kinetics at 27 ± 3 °C in the presence of ambient oxygen and water. The half-lives of the ferrocenium, carboxylate ferrocenium, and decamethyl ferrocenium cations were found to be 1.27 × 10(3), 1.52 × 10(3), and ≫11.0 × 10(3) s, respectively, in acetonitrile solvent having a 0.5 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte. These results are in agreement with the previous reports, i.e. the ferrocenium cation is unstable whereas the decamethyl ferrocenium cation has superior stability. The new methodology has been established by performing various experiments using different concentrations of ferrocene, variable scan rates in cyclic voltammetry, different time periods for amperometry, and in situ spectroelectrochemical experiments.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Characterization, and Catalytic Properties of TNU-9 (2007)

The synthesis, crystal structure, characterization, and catalytic properties of the novel medium-pore zeolite TNU-9 (framework type TUN), one of the most crystallographically complex zeolites known to date, are described. TNU-9 was found to crystallize under hydrothermal conditions at the expense of a lamellar precursor over a very narrow range of SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) and NaOH/SiO(2) ratios and in the presence of 1,4-bis(N-methylpyrrolidinium)butane and Na+ ions as structure-directing agents. A combination of molecular modeling and Rietveld refinement using synchrotron powder diffraction data confirms the proposed topology of as-made TNU-9 and suggests three or possibly four different sites for the organic within the complex pore structure. The proton form (H-TNU-9) of this new medium-pore zeolite exhibits exceptionally high hydrothermal stability, as well as very strong acidity. When compared to H-ZSM-5, H-MCM-22, H-mordenite, and H-Beta, H-TNU-9 displays unique shape selectivities for the acid-catalyzed reactions of monoaromatic hydrocarbons such as the disproportionation of toluene and the isomerization and disproportionation of m-xylene. In particular, for the isomerization of m-xylene, the ratio of isomerization to disproportionation increases steadily to values in excess of 50 with prolonged time on stream and a high p/o xylene ratio is observed in the products, achieving a value of ca. 6 after only a short time on stream. These results are rationalized on the basis of the unique pore topology of TNU-9.
Time delay and data loss compensation for Internet-based process control systems (2005)

Introducing the Internet into process control systems has brought a lot of benefits and some difficulties to control engineers as well. The major challenge of Internet-based process control systems is how to deal with Internet time delay and data loss. This paper analyses Internet communication features and proposes a control structure with a variable sampling time to overcome the Internet transmission delay. In order to take advantage of the structure fully and attack the major difficulties, two compensation elements have been designed and implemented in the system. These two compensators are located in the feedback and feedforward channels in the architecture respectively. Our simulation and experimental results illustrate that the control structure and two compensation elements can efficiently deal with the Internet time delay and data loss. Our simulation results also show that the time delay and data loss in the feedforward channel seem to cause more serious influence on the control performance and is more difficult to be compensated for.
A synthesis and optimization procedure for fully and easily testable sequential machines (1989)

The authors outline a synthesis procedure which beginning from a state transition graph (STG) description of a sequential machine produces an optimized fully and easily testable logic implementation. This logic-level implementation is guaranteed to be testable for all single stuck-at faults in the combinational logic and the test sequences for these faults can be obtained using combinational test generation techniques alone. The sequential machine is assumed to have a reset state and be R-reachable. All single stuck-at faults in the combinational logic and the input and output stuck-at faults of the memory elements in the synthesized logic-level automaton can be tested without access to the memory elements using these test sequences. Thus this procedure represents an alternative to a scan design methodology. The area penalty incurred due to the constraints on the optimization are small. The performance of the synthesized design is usually better than that of an unconstrained design optimized for area alone. The authors show that an intimate relationship exists between state assignment and the testability of a sequential machine. They propose a procedure of constrained state assignment and logic optimization which guarantees testability for both Moore and Mealy machines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Time Series Classification under More Realistic Assumptions (2013)

Most literature on time series classification assumes that the beginning and ending points of the pattern of interest can be correctly identified, both during the training phase and later deployment. In this work, we argue that this assumption is unjustified, and this has in many cases led to unwarranted optimism about the performance of the proposed algorithms. As we shall show, the task of correctly extracting individual gait cycles, heartbeats, gestures, behaviors, etc., is generally much more difficult than the task of actually classifying those patterns. We propose to mitigate this problem by introducing an alignment-free time series classification framework. The framework requires only very weakly annotated data, such as "in this ten minutes of data, we see mostly normal heartbeats...," and by generalizing the classic machine learning idea of data editing to streaming/continuous data, allows us to build robust, fast and accurate classifiers. We demonstrate on several diverse real-world problems that beyond removing unwarranted assumptions and requiring essentially no human intervention, our framework is both significantly faster and significantly more accurate than current state-of-the-art approaches.