gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deficient DNA-ligase activity in the metabolic disease tyrosinemia type I (1998)

Hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT1) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by the deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, the last enzyme in the tyrosine catabolism pathway. This defect results in accumulation of succinylacetone (SA) that reacts with amino acids and proteins to form stable adducts via Schiff base formation, lysine being the most reactive amino acid. HT1 patients surviving beyond infancy are at considerable risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and a high level of chromosomal breakage is observed in HT1 cells, suggesting a defect in the processing of DNA. In this paper we show that the overall DNA-ligase activity is low in HT1 cells (about 20% of the normal value) and that Okazaki fragments are rejoined at a reduced rate compared with normal fibroblasts. No mutation was found by sequencing the ligase I cDNA from HT1 cells, and the level of expression of the ligase I mRNA was similar in normal and HT1 fibroblasts, suggesting the presence of a ligase inhibitor. SA was shown to inhibit in vitro the overall DNA-ligase activity present in normal cell extracts. The activity of purified T4 DNA-ligase, whose active site is also a lysine residue, was inhibited by SA in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that accumulation of SA reduces the overall ligase activity in HT1 cells and indicate that metabolism errors may play a role in regulating enzymatic activities involved in DNA replication and repair.
Lemon Polyphenols Suppress Diet-induced Obesity by Up-Regulation of mRNA Levels of the Enzymes Involved in β-Oxidation in Mouse White Adipose Tissue (2008)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary lemon polyphenols on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice, and on the regulation of the expression of the genes involved in lipid metabolism to elucidate the mechanisms. Mice were divided into three groups and fed either a low fat diet (LF) or a high fat diet (HF) or a high fat diet supplemented with 0.5% w/w lemon polyphenols (LP) extracted from lemon peel for 12 weeks. Body weight gain, fat pad accumulation, the development of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance were significantly suppressed by lemon polyphenols. Supplementation with lemon polyphenols also significantly up-regulated the mRNA level of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) compared to the LF and HF groups in the liver. Furthermore, the mRNA level of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) was up-regulated in the LP group compared to the LF group, but not HF group in the liver, and was also significantly increased in the epididymal white adipose tissue. Thus, feeding with lemon polyphenols suppressed body weight gain and body fat accumulation by increasing peroxisomal beta-oxidation through up-regulation of the mRNA level of ACO in the liver and white adipose tissue, which was likely mediated via up-regulation of the mRNA levels of PPARalpha.
Ret receptor tyrosine kinase activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 in SK-N-MC cells. (1995)

Ret is a receptor tyrosine kinase predominantly expressed in tissue derived from the neuroectoderm and is involved in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and 2B, familiar medullary thyroid carcinoma, and Hirschsprung's disease. The ligand for the receptor is still unknown. Previously, using a human epidermal growth factor receptor - Ret chimaeric receptor (HERRet) stably transfected into fibroblasts, it was shown that Ret activation induces the activation of p21ras, but, surprisingly, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) was not observed (Santoro et al. (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 663). In this report we describe early signaling events induced by the activated HERRet fusion receptor in a cell line derived from neuroectodermal tissue, SK-N-MC. In these cells, activated HERRet induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, complex formation of Shc with Grb2 and Sos and activation of p21ras. Importantly, also ERK2 is activated. This activation was strong and sustained for at least 2 h. Activation was abolished by the dominant negative p21rasasn17 mutant, showing that activation of ERK2 is mediated by p21ras. These results suggest that Ret can induce ERK2 activation in a p21ras dependent manner in cells derived from tissue where Ret is endogenously expressed.
Mass Spectrometric Studies of Vapor Phase Crystal Growth (1971)

A mass spectrometer has been coupled to an open tube vapor phase crystal growth apparatus in order to study vapor phase processes leading to the deposition of crystals. Examination of the HCl transport of gallium showed that was the main transporting species. It was found that vapor resulting from the thermal decomposition of , , and mixtures is very complex; dimers and tetramers of As and P, as well as various mixed species of the type , were present in the vapor phase. The reaction governing the deposition of crystals was found to be
A Tool for Control Algorithm Development of an Active Vehicle Suspension Using Hardware-in-The-Loop (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Vehicle ride comfort and handling demands conflicting design requirements from a vehicle suspension system. As a result, a passive vehicle suspension is incapable of providing the optimum performance for both ride and stability. A test set up is presented in this paper to enable a developer to test any given control algorithm on real-time hardware for an active vehicle suspension, and simulate quarter car performance characteristics. A quarter car model is developed in a host computer and then embedded in a target computer. The parameters of the quarter car are accessible for modification in host computer through TCP/IP connection with target computer. Ride and stability performance characteristics are calculated and also made available during HIL simulation. A controller including a DSP card works with a third computer, where the control system architecture can be edited and control parameters can be changed using a customizable graphical user interface.</div>
Digital Ink Representation of Handwriting Scripts by F_Tablet Based on InkML (2006)

Handwriting scripts play a critical role in expressing human thoughts in many cases. Recently, digital ink has become increasingly popular across a variety of domains. Digital ink markup language (InkML), an XML data format for representing handwriting scripts, has been developing under the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Deploying XML-based applications according to InkML standard is totally a novel field. In this paper, the framework and main elements of the latest InkML standard were described. Based on the standard, handwriting scripts captured by FTablet were presented in digital ink as an InkML file. With the acquired InkML file, handwriting shapes and forces curves during writing were rendered. The force curves can be use in personal identification because the writing style of the writer was recorded in them
A New Efficient Error Correctible Modulation Code for Holographic Data Storage (2002)

A new efficient modulation code for holographic memory, or 9:12 pseudo-balanced code(9-12PBC), has been developed and evaluated. The proposed code is partitioned into 16 codeword subsets and is decoded in conjunction with Viterbi algorithm. The results of numerical simulations and actual recording experiments show that 9-12PBC gives favorable trade-off between code rate and bit error rate(BER) performance.
Experimental results for current-based analog scan (2002)

This paper presents the design of current-mode circuits for analog scan, which include the highly accurate current-mirror scan latches and the analog shift registers. Experimental data from a test chip fabricated in Orbit 2-micron CMOS Foresight process illustrates that the accuracy of the circuits is sufficient for use in analog on-chip scan-based testing. The interface between analog scan and the P1149.4 test bus is discussed to show system-level applications of this technique.
What Every Engineer Should Know about Threaded Fasteners: Materials and Design (1986)

Introduction Definitions of Screw Threads Thread Forms Comparison of Thread Series Classes and Grades of Thread Fit Effect of Thread Fit on Performance Criteria of Strength and Fracture Selection of Materials Practical Strength Limits Materials for Corrosive Environment Materials for High Temperatures Low Temperature Materials Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Strength of Internal Threads Carbon Steel Fasteners Effects of Alloying Elements Fastener Grades Design Features of Nuts Grades of Nut Strength Overtapping and Identity of Grades Guidelines to Bolt and Nut Selection Stainless Steel Fasteners Advantages and Limitations of Austenitic Stainless Steels Use of Ferritic Stainless Steels Use of Martensitic and Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels Applications of Copper Base Alloys Special Features of Aluminum Alloys Nickel Based Alloys Titanium Alloys The Super Alloys Fasteners of Nonmetallic Materials Behavior of Fasteners Stresses in Fasteners Formulas for Torque and Preload Working Load Criteria Spring Constants Prying and Joint Separtation Design Calculations Standards Directory Basic Units
Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing (2001)

We introduce a geographical adaptive fidelity (GAF) algorithm that reduces energy consumption in ad hoc wireless networks. GAF conserves energy by identifying nodes that are equivalent from a routing perspective and then turning off unnecessary nodes, keeping a constant level of routing fidelity. GAF moderates this policy using application- and system-level information; nodes that source or sink data remain on and intermediate nodes monitor and balance energy use. GAF is independent of the underlying ad hoc routing protocol; we simulate GAF over unmodified AODV and DSR. Analysis and simulation studies of GAF show that it can consume 40% to 60% less energy than an unmodified ad hoc routing protocol. Moreover, simulations of GAP suggest that network lifetime increases proportionally to node density; in one example, a four-fold increase in node density leads to network lifetime increase for 3 to 6 times (depending on the mobility pattern). More generally, GAF is an example of adaptive fidelity, a technique proposed for extending the lifetime of self-configuring systems by exploiting redundancy to conserve energy while maintaining application fidelity.
Agent-based routing algorithms on a LAN (2003)

The AntNet algorithm for adaptive routing is implemented on a LAN using the TCP/IP protocol. A study is made of the relative merits of different reinforcement parameters central to the stable operation of the algorithm. The case of a constant reinforcement leads to slow but dependable performance whereas adaptive reinforcement appears to be sensitive to the window over which statistics are estimated.
Application of <sup>31</sup>P NMR Spectroscopy in Food Analysis. 1. Quantitative Determination of the Mono- and Diglyceride Composition of Olive Oils (2000)

This paper introduces a facile method to determine the amount of mono- and diglycerides in virgin olive oils. This method is based on the phosphorylation of the free hydroxyls of the mono- and diglycerides with 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyldioxaphospholane and the integration of the appropriate peaks in the (31)P NMR spectrum. Quantitative (31)P NMR spectroscopy can be extended to the quantification of other constituents of olive oils bearing functional groups with labile protons.
LVII. <i>On the precision measurement of air velocity by means of the linear hot-wire anemometer</i> (1915)

1. (1) Specifications relating to the construction of the linear hot-wire anemometer are given in detail; by means of the Kelvin Double Bridge connexions it is possible to employ wires at high temp...
Analysis of dynamic impatt oscillations caused by radiation induced deep centres with local and homogenous vertical distribution (2004)

The occurrence of high-frequency impatt oscillations is related to the presence of charged deep donor states as generated by irradiation processes for carrier lifetime control. This effect is well known in electron-radiated devices. Device simulation predicts a similar effect in locally lifetime-controlled helium-radiated devices. The experiment gives an approval of the simulation results, but shows some unexpected effects as well. An analytical estimation sufficiently predicts the temperature dependence of the threshold voltage for the onset of the oscillations.
The TWD40-2 protein and the AP2 complex cooperate in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of cellulose synthase to regulate cellulose biosynthesis (2015)

Cellulose biosynthesis is performed exclusively by plasma membrane-localized cellulose synthases (CESAs). Therefore, the trafficking of CESAs to and from the plasma membrane is an important mechanism for regulating cellulose biosynthesis. CESAs were recently identified as cargo proteins of the classic adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complex of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) pathway. The AP2 complex of the CME pathway is conserved in yeast, animals, and plants, and has been well-characterized in many systems. In contrast, the recently discovered TPLATE complex (TPC), which is proposed to function as a CME adaptor complex, is only conserved in plants and a few other eukaryotes. In this study, we discovered that the TWD40-2 protein, a putative member of the TPC, is also important for the endocytosis of CESAs. Genetic analysis between TWD40-2 and AP2M of the AP2 complex revealed that the roles of TWD40-2 in CME are both distinct from and cooperative with the AP2 complex. Loss of efficient CME in twd40-2-3 resulted in the unregulated overaccumulation of CESAs at the plasma membrane. In seedlings of twd40-2-3 and other CME-deficient mutants, a direct correlation was revealed between endocytic deficiency and cellulose content deficiency, highlighting the importance of controlled CESA endocytosis in regulating cellulose biosynthesis.
Downhole Electronic Components: Achieving Performance Reliability (2013)

Electronic Component Reliability Measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tools were introduced to the oil and gas industry in 1978 by what was then known as Teleco Oilfield Services (bought by Baker Hughes in 1992). Ever since, the industry has had to contend with designing computer circuit boards populated with electronic components that must perform reliably under a combination of extremely harsh downhole conditions. The primary hostile conditions are temperature, variable amounts of vibration, and intermittent shock. Additionally, designers must consider the limitations of the downhole batteries and alternators used to power the electronic assembly. This combination of conditions, in fact, is at least as demanding than those encountered in the defense, space, aeronautics, and automotive industries. Electronic components include capacitors, resistors, inductors, transistors, oscillators, resonators, semiconductor chips, processors, and memory chips. The bulk of the electronic component market serves commercial needs. “Even though it’s come a long way in the last 10 to 15 years,” said Matthew White, director of engineering at Ryan Directional Services, “still I would estimate that 85% of the integrated circuits [ICs] and parts on the market today are rated at 85ºC. And another 10% to 12% are rated to 125ºC. Maybe 2% or 3% are rated anything above that.” With downhole temperatures routinely reaching 150ºC to 175ºC within the deep shale plays in the United States, and offshore downhole temperatures reaching as high as 200ºC, particularly in southeast Asia, the industry demand for reliable MWD and formation-evaluation-measurement-while-drilling (FEMWD, also known as logging-while-drilling or LWD) tools continues unabated. The problem is that the oil and gas industry’s demand for high-temperature electronic components is comparatively tiny—combined with defense, space, aeronautics, and automotive, estimated to be less than 1% of the total component market. Additional splintering of demand results from individual oilfield services companies keeping exclusive agreements with component manufacturers secret. “I’m more of the opinion,” said Robert Estes, manager of emerging technology, Drilling & Evaluation at Baker Hughes, “that we have to encourage the development of components that can be shared between military, aerospace, automotive, oilfield operations, and geothermal.” Aaron Schen, department manager of the Electronics Development Group (Downhole) at National Oilwell Varco (NOV), notes that, generally, non-semiconductor downhole components such as sensors and connectors are pretty well supported by vendors. “It is routine to find high-temperature, high-severity, and high-pressure (if needed) ratings for those types of components,” he said. He contends this is because a small, niche-market company “can be happy making a couple hundred pressure sensors a year. Chips are turned out in the millions.”
"Join Together, Work Together, for the Common Good--Solidarity": Village Formation Processes in the Rural South of Laos (2006)

This article explores the concept of the solidary village in contemporary Laos. It argues that the "village" today is not a fixed, primordial entity, but a continually emergent formation resulting from numerous processes, including but not limited to modern state processes. The notion of "village" circulates in the ambiguous "common sense" pertaining to rural Laos, in the attitudes, expectations, representations, and regulated requirements of the rural, in what I term village formation projects. Case studies of "village formation projects" in one village in southern Laos illustrate not only the importance of the village concept, but also its indeterminacy and fluidity, and the ensuing difficulty of achieving the "solidarity" and cooperative donation required by poverty reduction policies.
Detection of pathogens in foods: the current state-of-the-art and future directions (2010)

Over the last fifty years, microbiologists have developed reliable culture-based techniques to detect food borne pathogens. Although these are considered to be the "gold-standard," they remain cumbersome and time consuming. Despite the advent of rapid detection methods such as ELISA and PCR, it is clear that reduction and/or elimination of cultural enrichment will be essential in the quest for truly real-time detection methods. As such, there is an important role for bacterial concentration and purification from the sample matrix as a step preceding detection, so-called pre-analytical sample processing. This article reviews recent advancements in food borne pathogen detection and discusses future methods with a focus on pre-analytical sample processing, culture independent methods, and biosensors.
The microfluidic multitrap nanophysiometer for hematologic cancer cell characterization reveals temporal sensitivity of the calcein-AM efflux assay (2014)

Cytometric studies utilizing flow cytometry or multi-well culture plate fluorometry are often limited by a deficit in temporal resolution and a lack of single cell consideration. Unfortunately, many cellular processes, including signaling, motility, and molecular transport, occur transiently over relatively short periods of time and at different magnitudes between cells. Here we demonstrate the multitrap nanophysiometer (MTNP), a low-volume microfluidic platform housing an array of cell traps, as an effective tool that can be used to study individual unattached cells over time with precise control over the intercellular microenvironment. We show how the MTNP platform can be used for hematologic cancer cell characterization by measuring single T cell levels of CRAC channel modulation, non-translational motility, and ABC-transporter inhibition via a calcein-AM efflux assay. The transporter data indicate that Jurkat T cells exposed to indomethacin continue to accumulate fluorescent calcein for over 60 minutes after calcein-AM is removed from the extracellular space.
The Social-Economic Influence of Developing Mineral Resources in Yan’an City (2012)

As a city rich in petroleum and coal, there are two pillar industries in Yan’an city. This essay is going to analyze the long term effect of mineral resources development on the city’s economy in respect of regression analysis method and on its fiscal revenue and expenditure employment and resident’s income, ecological environment, and the development differences among each area countries in terms of qualitative analysis method. The aim of this essay is to analyze the influences and the effects of mineral resources development on Yan’an overall society and economy so as to provide testimonies for the significant effects of mineral resources development in regional social and economic development. Key words: Exploitation of mineral resources; Yan’an city; Development; Influences
Impact of back gate biasing schemes on energy and robustness of ULV logic in 28nm UTBB FDSOI technology (2013)

Minimum energy per operation is typically achieved in the subthreshold region where low speed and low robustness are two challenging problems. This paper studies the impact of Back Biasing (BB) schemes on these features for FDSOI technology. We show that Forward BB can help cover a wider design space in term of optimal frequency of operation while keeping minimum energy. Asymmetric BB between NMOS and PMOS can mitigate the effect of systematic mismatch on Minimum Energy Point (MEP) and robustness. With optimal asymmetric BB, we achieve either a MEP reduction up to 18% or a 36× speedup at the MEP.
Cysteamine: a Potent and Specific Depletor of Pituitary Prolactin (1982)

Cysteamine rapidly reduces the concentration of prolactin in pituitary tissue in vivo and in vitro. The effect is dose-dependent, reversible, and cannot be accounted for by prolactin release. Cysteamine does not appear to exert its effect through dopamine receptors and does not alter lactotrope morphology, as determined by electron microscopy.
Compatibility of Ibuprofen and Ethenzamide (1997)

The compatibility of ibuprofen and various drugs was investigated by thermal analysis. The results showed a lower melting point with many drugs. The compound of ibuprofen and ethenzamide was selected for detailed compatibility investigation. First, a ratio composition of a eutectic of ibuprofen and ethenzamide was estimated. A ratio composition of a eutectic of ibuprofen and ethenzamide of weight ratio 3:2 was suggested, and its melting point was approximately 56°C. Further, we investigated crystallization by powder x-ray diffraction. The resulting powder x-ray diffraction pattern of the compound that was heat treated was almost the same as that of the physical mixture, indicating that the crystallinity of ibuprofen and ethenzamide were not affected by the heat treatment. Next, we investigated the chemical stability of ibuprofen, ethenzamide, and a small amount of various excipients in capsule form, stored under conditions of 65°, 50°, and 40°C. It was established that ibuprofen and ethenzamide are stable. However, it was found that there is a remarkable delay of dissolution speed under conditions above 50°C.