gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computationally Efficient IFFT/FFT Approximations for OFDM (2007)

Both the modulation and demodulation of an OFDM signal involves a Fourier transform in which the implementation requires several multiplications. These multiplications require significant hardware resources in FPGA and ASIC devices. Significant cost and speed improvements would follow if the number of multiplications could be reduced. Our approach eliminates the multiplications and is based on three observations that are somewhat independent of each other. First, the subcarrier modulation must be QAM, including QPSK and BPSK. Secondly, an approximation of the sin/cos basis waveforms by square type pulses transforms the multiplications by sin/cos to simple additions. Thirdly, over sampling of the signals puts the harmonics of the square type pulses outside the bandwidth of the OFDM signal. Limiting the scope to QAM signals has the benefit of the input signal having only N levels which can be decomposed into binary pulses. Hence, the Fourier transform can be transformed into simple multiplies of type +/-2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> , which are further reduced to logic shifts and additions. Since most practical OFDM systems use QAM modulation, this restriction is of little concern. The proposed method can be used to approximate any OFDM modulation to any degree of precision and it can be used both in transmitters and receivers.
Surface Roughness Measurement by Optical Pattern Projection (1998)

This paper is concerned with the measurement method for surface roughness by optical pattern projection. This method can be classified into two fundamental configurations. The one has one imaging system including the sample surface placed on the way of the optical pathes, which the author calls “OTF method”. The other has two step imaging systems. The first system projects the input image on the sample surface, and the second forms the output image from the reflected image on the sample surface. The author calls the second method “Re-imaging method”. The author examined the contrasts of the output images by the OTF method experimentally, and found the correlation between the contrast data and calculated results of specular component e-g expected from the scattering theory. The OTF method is restricted the range of measurement for the roughness Ra below about 0.1μm. The possibility for larger range measurement by the Re-imaging method is examined experimentally in this paper.
An adaptive technique to improve wireless power transfer for consumer electronics (2012)

This paper presents an adaptive technique to enhance the efficiency of magnetic resonance based wireless power transfer system for future portable consumer electronics. In order to transfer energy to mobile devices, asymmetric coupling resonators with larger sizes of coils in a transmitter than those in a receiver are exploited. By changing a coupling coefficient between coils only in the transmitting side, the system performance increases significantly. An experiment setup has been developed, and the S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> parameter has been measured showing 3.3 dB improvement of system using the adaptive technique at a distance of 65 cm. An important finding is that the technique is also effective in case of multiple receiving coils. The measured performance was improved by roughly 1 dB with the use of the adaptive technique.
The nematicidal effect of some bacterial biofertilizers on Meloidogyne incognita in sandy soil (2011)

In a greenhouse experiment, the nematicidal effect of some bacterial biofertilizers including the nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) Paenibacillus polymyxa (four strains), the phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Bacillus megaterium (three strains) and the potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) B. circulans (three strains) were evaluated individually on tomato plants infested with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in potted sandy soil. Comparing with the uninoculated nematode-infested control, the inoculation with P. polymyxa NFB7, B. megaterium PSB2 and B. circulans KSB2, increased the counts of total bacteria and total bacterial spores in plants potted soil from 1.2 to 2.6 folds estimated 60 days post-inoculation. Consequently, the inoculation with P. polymyxa NFB7 increased significantly the shoot length (cm), number of leaves / plant, shoot dry weight (g) / plant and root dry weight (g) / plant by 32.6 %, 30.8 %, 70.3 % and 14.2 %, respectively. Generally, the majority treatments significantly reduced the nematode multiplication which was more obvious after 60 days of inoculation. Among the applied strains, P. polymyxa NFB7, B. megaterium PSB2 and B. circulans KSB2 inoculations resulted in the highest reduction in nematode population comparing with the uninoculated nematode-infested control. They recorded the highest reduction in numbers of hatched juveniles/root by 95.8 %, females/root by 63.75 % and juveniles/1kg soil by 57.8 %. These results indicated that these bacterial biofertilizers are promising double purpose microorganisms for mobilizing of soil nutrients (nitrogen, phosphate and potassium) and for the biological control of M. incognita.
A structural approach to latency prediction (2006)

Several models have been recently proposed for predicting the latency of end to end Internet paths. These models treat the Internet as a black-box, ignoring its internal structure. While these models are simple, they can often fail systematically; for example, the most widely used models use metric embeddings that predict no benefit to detour routes even though half of all Internet routes can benefit from detours.In this paper, we adopt a structural approach that predicts path latency based on measurements of the Internet's routing topology, PoP connectivity, and routing policy. We find that our approach outperforms Vivaldi, the most widely used black-box model. Furthermore, unlike metric embeddings, our approach successfully predicts 65% of detour routes in the Internet. The number of measurements used in our approach is comparable with that required by black box techniques, but using traceroutes instead of pings.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Dielectric Overlayers for Enhancing the Optical Properties and Chemical Stability of Plasmonic Nanoholes (2010)

Fabricating plasmonic nanostructures with robust optical and chemical properties remains a challenging task, especially with silver, which has superior optical properties but poor environmental stability. In this work, conformal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of thin alumina overlayers is used to precisely tune the optical transmission properties of periodic nanohole arrays made in gold and silver films. Experiments and computer simulations confirm that ALD overlayers with optimized thicknesses tune and enhance the transmitted intensity due to refractive index matching effects and by modifying the dielectric properties of each nanohole. Furthermore, encapsulating silver nanohole arrays with thin alumina overlayers protects the patterned surfaces against unwanted oxidation and contamination. The ability to precisely tune the optical properties while simultaneously providing robust chemical stability can benefit a broad range of applications, including biosensing and fluorescence imaging.
Hydrolysis of A<sup>III</sup>B<sup>V</sup> Intermetallic Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of AIIIBV Intermetallic Compounds1J. A. Kafalas, H. C. Gatos, and M. J. ButtonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 16, 4260–4261Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01573a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01573a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Raising the bar for using GPUs in software packet processing (2015)

Numerous recent research efforts have explored the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) as accelerators for software-based routing and packet handling applications, typically demonstrating throughput several times higher than using legacy code on the CPU alone.

In this paper, we explore a new hypothesis about such designs: For many such applications, the benefits arise less from the GPU hardware itself as from the expression of the problem in a language such as CUDA or OpenCL that facilitates memory latency hiding and vectorization through massive concurrency. We demonstrate that in several cases, after applying a similar style of optimization to algorithm implementations, a CPU-only implementation is, in fact, more resource efficient than the version running on the GPU. To raise the bar for future uses of GPUs in packet processing applications, we present and evaluate a preliminary language/compiler-based framework called G-Opt that can accelerate CPU-based packet handling programs by automatically hiding memory access latency.
The Boron-Catalyzed Polymerization of Dimethylsulfoxonium Methylide. A Living Polymethylene Synthesis (2002)

Trialkyl and aryl organoboranes catalyze the polymerization of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide (1). The product of the polymerization is a tris-polymethylene organoborane. Oxidation affords linear telechelic alpha-hydroxy polymethylene. The polymer molecular weight was found to be directly proportional to the stoichiometric ratio of ylide/borane, and polydispersities as low as 1.01-1.03 have been realized. Although oligomeric polymethylene has been the most frequent synthetic target of this method, polymeric star organoboranes with molecular weights of 1.5 million have been produced. The average turnover frequency at 120 degrees C in 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene/toluene is estimated at >6 x 10(6) g of polymethylene (mol boron)(-1) h(-1). The mechanism of the polyhomologation reaction involves initial formation of a zwitterionic organoborane.ylide complex which breaks down in a rate-limiting 1,2-alkyl group migration with concomitant expulsion of a molecule of DMSO. The reaction was found to be first order in the borane catalyst and zero order in ylide. DMSO does not interfere with the reaction. The temperature dependence of the reaction rate yielded the following activation energy parameters (toluene, DeltaH(++) = 23.2 kcal/mol, DeltaS(++) = 12.6 cal deg/mol, DeltaG(++) = 19.5 kcal/mol; THF, DeltaH(++) = 26.5 kcal/mol, DeltaS(++) = 21.5 cal deg/mol, DeltaG(++) = 20.1 kcal/mol).
A Simplified Modeling Study of Vickers East Waterflood Project in Inglewood Field (1988)

ABSTRACT This paper describes and evaluates the application of stream tube modeling techniques to historical and projected waterflood response for the Vickers East reservoir in the Inglewood field. The technique was successful in predicting the past production history and WOR behavior through the initial flood and the subsequent realignments. Vickers East, like most other L. A. Basin reservoirs, has a complex geology. It is characterized by up to 1400 feet of gross thickness, cut by numerous faults and composed of very thin sand and shale beds. The field has been under waterflood since 1955 and had three realignments in its history. To evaluate waterflood performance and to assist reservoir management, a modeling study was initiated. Due to time and cost requirements, a 3-D fieldwide finite difference simulation study was considered impractical. Despite the complexity of the reservoir, a relatively simple stream tube model was developed to represent historical performance and to predict response to a recent realignment project. The model uses a numerical solution for the stream function equation and an approximate mapping technique to reflect the change in streamlines as wells are drilled or converted. The geology was represented by six equivalent layers determined from the field measured Dykstra-Parson's coefficient of 0.6. The past performance was matched well by using historic gross fluid rates, with minor parameter adjustments. The model was used to predict the response of the latest realignment. The early field performance lags the production forecast for reasons explained in the text. This study demonstrates that stream tube methods can be effective in designing new waterfloods or realigning old ones in complex reservoirs. Various scenarios can be run at low cost to guide realignment decisions and the production response--with some modifications-- can be used in economic analysis. This methodology offers more flexibility than decline curve analysis and much lower cost than rigorous 3-D finite difference simulation.
Effectiveness of Natural Polyelectrolytes in Water Treatment (1991)

Synthetic polyelectrolytes are widely used in the United States because of their effectiveness as a coagulant or coagulant aid. Synthetic polyelectrolytes produce a lower volume of sludge compared with alum flocculation, and their effectiveness is not much affected by the pH level of water. Synthetic polyelectrolytes provide better dewatering characteristics in sludge produced and facilitate better filter performance. However, one drawback of these products is that their long‐term effects on human health are not well understood. Natural polyelectrolytes such as chitosan (cationic) and sodium alginate (anionic) are not only as effective as or even more effective than their counterparts at similar dosages, but they also do not cause any adverse effects to human health. This article presents results of bench‐ and pilot‐scale tests that compared natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes. It suggests that natural products would be workable substitutes for synthetic products.
Inhibition of Maillard Reaction Pathways and Off-flavor Development in UHT milk: Structure Reactivity of Phenolic Compounds (2013)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. February 2013. Major: Food science. Advisor: Dr. Devin G. Peterson. 1 computer file (PDF); xii, 150 pages.
Hypotension and Resistance to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Shock in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Adrenomedullin in Their Vasculature (2000)

A chronic increase in vascular AM production reduces BP at least in part via an NO-dependent pathway. In addition, smaller responses to LPS in transgenic mice suggest that AM is protective against the circulatory collapse, organ damage, and mortality characteristic of endotoxic shock.
ChemInform Abstract: The Ring‐Stacking Principle in Organolithium Chemistry: Its Development Through the Isolation and Crystal Structures of Hexameric Iminolithium Clusters (RR′C=NLi)6 (R′: Ph, R: tBu or Me2N; R = R′: Me2N or tBu). (1987)

Abstract The two new iminolithium compounds (Ia) and (Ib) are prepared by addition reactions of organolithium reagents to nitriles.
The roles of TNF-α and IL-10 in allergic rhinitis (2012)

Objective To explore the role of TNF-α,IL-10 in allergic rhinitis(AR) through the detection of their serum levels changes.Methods The serum samples were collected from 33 normal healthy controls and 48 patients with AR before and after the desensitization treatment.The serum levels of TNF-α,IL-10 were detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA.SPSS12.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results AR patients showed high level of TNF-α compared with the control group (P =0.0028).After desensitization treatment,TNF-α was decreased significantly ( P ＜ 0.01 ) decreased compared with the pre-treatment and there was high significant difference (P =0.032) ; The level of IL-I0 in the serum of patients was with lower than the control group,the difference was significant ( P =0.018).With desensitization therapy,its level was rose compared with the pre-treatment and significant difference was found (P =0.024).Besides,the level of TNF-α and IL-10 in AR patients showed a negative correlation (r =-0.413,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion TNF-α and IL-10 play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.

Key words: 
TNF-α; IL-10; Allergic rhinitis
Brain microemboli during cardiac surgery or aortography (1990)

We have observed many focal dilatations or very small aneurysms in terminal arterioles and capillaries of 4 of 5 patients and 6 dogs who had recently undergone cardiopulmonary bypass. A smaller number of sausagelike dilatations distended medium-sized arterioles. Two other patients had a small number of the same microvascular changes following proximal aortography. Thirty-four patients and 6 dogs not undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass had none. (A 35th patient who had not undergone cardiopulmonary bypass or aortography showed a small number of dilatations; mediastinal air was a suggested source.) Some of the dilatations exhibited various forms of birefringence. Because most of the dilatations appear empty, we speculate that they are the sites of gas bubbles or fat emboli that have been removed by the solvents used in processing. These microvascular events, occurring only in conjunction with major arterial interventions, may be the anatomical correlate of the neurological deficits or moderate to severe intellectual dysfunction seen in at least 24% of patients after cardiac surgical procedures assisted by cardiopulmonary bypass.
Deducing the Universe's Origin Using Occam's Razor (2021)

We may never be able to definitively answer the question of the universe's
 genesis and future. Despite the fact that there are numerous hypotheses
 circulating around. This study offers a more grounded approach by going back
 to the basics, looking at what we already know, and deducing the universe's
 origin and future using a combination of logic and Occam's razor. The law of
 conservation of energy can be breached, according to this research, because
 this universe began as a black hole in another universe. It will also speculate
 on a hypothetical method for black holes to undergo a 'Big Bang,' as well as a
 possible process involving black holes and Hawking Radiation to create energy
 from nothing.
Baicalin Protects Keratinocytes from Toll‐like Receptor‐4 Mediated <scp>DNA</scp> Damage and Inflammation Following Ultraviolet Irradiation (2015)

UVB radiation contributes to both direct and indirect damage to the skin including the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory responses, immunosuppression and gene mutations, which can ultimately lead to photocarcinogenesis. A plant-derived flavonoid, baicalin, has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that in murine skin, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) enhanced both UVB-induced DNA damage and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of baicalin against TLR4-mediated processes in the murine keratinocyte PAM 212 cell line. Our results demonstrate that treating keratinocytes with baicalin both before and after UV radiation (100 mJ cm(-2) ) significantly inhibited the level of intracellular ROS and decreased cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG)-markers of DNA damage. Furthermore, cells treated with baicalin demonstrated an inhibition of TLR4 and its downstream signaling molecules, MyD88, TRIF, TRAF6 and IRAK4. TLR4 pathway inhibition resulted in NF-κB inactivation and down-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Taken together, baicalin treatment effectively protected keratinocytes from UVB-induced inflammatory damage through TLR pathway modulation.
Chemical Studies on Tobacco Smoke: LI: Studies on Non-Volatile Nitrosamines in Tobacco (1977)

Abstract Various factors which might contribute to the presence of or reflect on the formation of N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) or related nitrosamines in tobacco were studied. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the E- and Z-isomers of NNN were clearly separated and the rates of interconversion were determined. The E/Z ratio in tobacco approximated that observed in solution at similar pH and temperature. The influence of curing and stalk position on NNN levels in tobacco was determined. NNN was not detected in green tobacco but was detected in air-cured leaves from the same crop. No significant correlation was observed among stalk position and NNN levels in one variety of bright tobacco. Since NNN may derive from nicotine, two new nitrosamines, a nitrosamino ketone and a nitrosamino aldehyde, which could theoretically arise from nicotine, were synthesized. Analysis of tobacco for these components is currently in progress
Quickest Detection in Cognitive Radio: A Sequential Change Detection Framework (2008)

In this work, the agility of detection algorithms in cognitive radio is studied. A sequential change detection framework is developed to investigate the delay of detection algorithms. Three scenarios with different information about primary users' parameters available at cognitive users are considered. Optimal detection schemes that minimize the detection delay under certain false alarm constraints are developed. Minimal detection delay is characterized as a function of the false alarm probability and the Kullback-Leibler distance between signal plus noise and noise only models.
Porous hydrophilic polymer: Good and bad news in the orthopedic application of cruciate ligament substitution (1975)

In the configuration used, the Hydron sponge did not enhance the ingrowth of bone into the Dacron for prosthesis anchorage. In fact, the presence of the Hydron seemed to retard such ingrowth, even though there was bony incorporation of portions of the Hydron polymer. Fixation was more rigid when Dacron was implanted bare. Hydron sponge does not appear to remain intact within a joint. It would not seem suitable for intra-articular protection of a prosthesis or local delivery of antibiotics here. We did not search further for the polymer in the regional lymph nodes. Hydron sponge is capable of eleciting an unusual phenomenon of woven bone formation. This is "good news" for its potential, but realization of such potential will certainly require additional study. Double and triple interval fluorochrome labelling would be especially helpful in further studying the localization and rate of this bone formation.