gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction to space-time adaptive processing (1998)

Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is an innovative tool for use with coherent phased array radar systems which is useful whenever the received signals (target and interference) are functions of both space and time. A prominent example is the clutter suppression in air and spaceborne MTI radar. In this tutorial paper the main features of airborne clutter are summarised. The platform motion causes clutter returns to be Doppler shifted so that the total of clutter arrivals exhibits a motion induced Doppler bandwidth. Airborne clutter is either characterised by the eigenspectra of the space-time covariance matrix or by the azimuth-Doppler spectra. These spectra demonstrate the potential of slow target detection before a Doppler coloured clutter background through space-time adaptive processing. Eigenspectra give an indication of the potential of subspace processing techniques which may lead to solutions for real-time on-board operation. Certain effects such as multiple-time-around clutter, clutter fluctuations, and system bandwidth, may degrade the detectability of slow targets.
Molecular heterogeneity of angiotensin converting enzyme in human cerebrospinal fluid. (1991)

Three different molecular forms of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) (approximately Mr 150,000, 80,000 and 40,000, respectively), have been recovered from human cerebrospinal fluid. All three enzymes were inhibited by captopril and enalapril and their activity was potentiated by chloride ions. They were capable of degrading Leu-enkephalin-Arg6 and substance -P, but gave no conversion of neurokinin A. In all these aspects, the CSF enzymes were identical with the human pulmonary enzyme. The Mr 40,000 form of ACE is the smallest active form of the enzyme hitherto reported and is likely to represent a fragment of the C-terminal part of native ACE, where its active center is located.
升级到SQL Server 2008 (2008)

既然微软支持直接从SQL Server2000升级到SQL Server2008，那么我们就要做出选择了：应该先从SQL Server2000升级到SQL Server2005，还是直接升级到SQL Server2008呢？
Adversarial Patch (2017)

We present a method to create universal, robust, targeted adversarial image
patches in the real world. The patches are universal because they can be used
to attack any scene, robust because they work under a wide variety of
transformations, and targeted because they can cause a classifier to output any
target class. These adversarial patches can be printed, added to any scene,
photographed, and presented to image classifiers; even when the patches are
small, they cause the classifiers to ignore the other items in the scene and
report a chosen target class. To reproduce the results from the paper, our code is available at
https://github.com/tensorflow/cleverhans/tree/master/examples/adversarial_patch
Simple Methods for the Quantitative Determination of Procaine Hydrochloride in Parenteral Products (1969)

This paper describes the assay procedures for the quantitative determination of procaine hydrochloride in injectable products. A simple U.V. spectroscopic method in N/10 hydrochloric acid at 228 mμ is recommended for those products which do not contain epinephrine. A second method in which epinephrine or its decomposition products do not interfere is based on the formation of a salt of procaine with bromothymol blue. This salt is extracted with an organic solvent and measured spectrophotometrically at 414 mμ.
Pulsed UV-light treatment of corn meal for inactivation of <i>Aspergillus niger</i> spores (2003)

Abstract Fungal contamination of grains, intended for human and animal consumption, during the pre/post-harvest periods has been a recurring health hazard. A pulsed UV-light system was used to inactivate fungal spores of Aspergillus niger in corn meal. Response surface methodology was utilized for experimental design. The three process parameters evaluated were treatment time (20–100 s), voltage input (2000–3800 V), and distance from the UV strobe (3–13 cm). Optimization of the process parameters was validated by a quadratic regression equation designed to fit the experimental log10 reduction of fungal spores. Model prediction for a 100-s treatment time, 3 cm of distance from the UV strobe, and with 3800 V input gave a 4.93log10 reduction of A. niger. Modification of the pulsed UV-light system was recommended to maximize the UV fungal disinfection while minimizing the heat generation.
Recombinant targeted proteins for biotherapy. (1990)

In an effort to improve existing biotherapies, researchers have used recombinant techniques to alter the structure of toxins, monoclonal antibodies, and other receptor and effector molecules. Experimental research has demonstrated that the extent of problems such as nonspecific toxicity and rapid clearance by the immune system are not as great with genetically engineered toxins as opposed to native toxins. Fusion proteins, which combine portions of toxins, antibodies, or various effector molecules, exhibit the preferred biologic properties of their constituents. Unlike their murine counterparts, chimeric antibodies have the ability to invoke cell-mediated immunity and are less immunogenic to humans. Because they display different antigen-binding specificities on the same molecule, hybrid hybridomas are a potential means of juxtaposing effector cells or toxins to tumor cells. These and other positive features of recombinant proteins offer a decided advantage over previous biotherapeutic agents, and these molecules are expected to find application in the treatment of cancer, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and autoimmune diseases.
Arsenate and Arsenite Sorption on and Arsenite Oxidation by Iron(II, III) Hydroxycarbonate Green Rust (2005)

Iron(II,III) hydroxycarbonate green rust is a major corrosion product of zerovalent iron that is being used in permeable reactive barriers to remediate groundwater arsenic contamination. To optimize the design of iron barriers, it is important to evaluate the influence of geochemical parameters such as pH, time, and arsenic concentration on the interactions of arsenic with iron corrosion products. We synthesized iron(II, III) hydroxycarbonate green rust by neutralizing FeSO4 solution with NaOH and Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 followed by air sparging. The synthetic products were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and wet chemical analysis. We conducted batch sorption experiments with arsenate and arsenite in an anaerobic glovebox. The pH ranged from 7.5 to 10.7. Both arsenate and arsenite sorption increased with increasing time up to 60 days. More arsenite was sorbed at pH 7.5 than at pH 10.4. Arsenite showed much higher sorption than arsenate. Sorbed arsenite (up to 90 g kg-1) was partially oxidized at the surface of carbonate green rust. Oxidation of sorbed arsenite could be advantageous because arsenate is generally less toxic and less mobile than arsenite.
<b>In Situ Stent-Graft Fenestration to Preserve the Left Subclavian Artery</b> (2004)

In situ graft fenestration to preserve the left subclavian artery after deliberate coverage during endovascular repair of a thoracic aortic aneurysm appears feasible in this initial clinical application. There are uncertainties regarding the long-term stability of the fabric tears that are an inherent part of this technique.
Characterization of p21Cip1/Waf1 peptide domains required for cyclin E/Cdk2 and PCNA interaction. (1996)

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1/Waf1 is responsible for the p53-dependent growth arrest of cells in G1 phase following DNA damage. In the present study we investigated regions of p21 involved in inhibition of the G1/S phase cyclin-dependent kinase, cyclin E/Cdk2, as well as regions of p21 important for binding to this kinase and recombinant PCNA. To perform these studies we synthesized a series of overlapping peptides spanning the entire p21 sequence and used them in in vitro assays with cyclin E/Cdk2-immune complexes and with recombinant p21 and PCNA proteins. One amino-terminal p21 peptide spanning amino acids 15-40, antagonized p21 binding and inhibition of cyclin E/Cdk2 kinase. Antagonism of p21 binding was, however, lost in a similar peptide lacking amino acids 15-20, or in a peptide in which cysteine-18 was substituted for a serine. These results suggest that this peptide region is important for p21 interaction with cyclin E/Cdk2. A second peptide (amino acids 58-77) also antagonized p21-activity, but this peptide did not affect the ability of p21 to interact with cyclin E/Cdk2. A region of p21 larger than 26 amino acids is presumably required for Cdk-inhibition because none of the peptides we tested inhibited cyclin E/Cdk2. We also found that a peptide spanning amino acids 21-45 bound recombinant p21 in ELISA assays, and additional studies revealed a requirement for amino acids 26 through 45 for this interaction. A p21 peptide spanning amino acids 139-164 was found to bind PCNA in a filter binding assay and this peptide suppressed recombinant p21-PCNA interaction. Conformational analysis revealed that peptides spanning amino acids 21-45 and 139-164 tended towards an alpha-helical conformation in trifluoroethanol buffer, indicating that these regions are probably in a coiled conformation in the native protein. Taken together, our results provide an insight into domains of p21 that are involved in cyclin E/Cdk2 and PCNA interaction. Our results also suggest that a potential p21 dimerization domain may lie in the amino-terminus of p21. Continued exploration of these domains could prove useful in assessing p21-mimetic strategies for cancer treatment.
Adhesion of germlings of Botrytis cinerea (1995)

Adhesion of conidia and germlings of the facultative plant parasite Botrytis cinerea occurs in two distinct stages. The first stage, which occurs immediately upon hydration of conidia and is characterized by relatively weak adhesive forces, appears to involve hydrophobic interactions (R. P. Doss, S. W. Potter, G. A. Chastagner, and J. K. Christian, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:1786-1791, 1993). The second stage of adhesion, delayed adhesion, occurs after viable conidia have been incubated for several hours under conditions that promote germination. At this time, the germlings attach strongly to either hydrophobic or hydrophilic substrata. Delayed adhesion involves secretion of an ensheating film that remains attached to the substratum upon physical removal of the germlings. This fungal sheath, which can be visualized by using interference-contrast light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, or atomic force microscopy, is 25 to 60 nm thick in the region immediately adjacent to the germ tubes. Germlings are resistant to removal by boiling or by treatment with a number of hydrolytic enzymes, 2.0 M periodic acid, or 1.0 M sulfuric acid. They are readily removed by brief exposure to 1.25 N NaOH. A base-soluble material that adheres to culture flask walls in short-term liquid cultures of B. cinerea is composed of glucose (about 30%), galactosamine (about 3%), and protein (30 to 44%).
The Diagnostic Efficacy of 3-Dimensional Ultrasound Estimated Bladder Weight Corrected for Body Surface Area as an Alternative Nonurodynamic Parameter of Bladder Outlet Obstruction (2011)

Ultrasound estimated bladder weight/corrected ultrasound estimated bladder weight is a statistically significant parameter correlating with bladder outlet obstruction. However, bladder weight/corrected bladder weight alone was insufficient to predict bladder outlet obstruction due to its weak correlation with and low accuracy for diagnosing obstruction.
Experimental designs to detect QTL: generation of linkage disequilibrium. (2009)

The methods used to detect QTL, the types of effects postulated and the types of data sets used are presented in this chapter. Models for QTL detection and analysis based on crosses between inbred lines, models based on segregating populations and models based on information derived from additional generations; comparison of the expected contrasts for different experimental designs and the gametic effect model for complete population analyses are also included.
Release of Fluorescent Peroxidized Lipids from Membranes in Senescing Tissue by Blebbing of Lipid–Protein Particles (1995)

Among the lipid peroxidation reactions, the addition of molecular O 2 to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is of particular interest in biological systems. The lipoxygenase pathway is the most-studied enzymatic pathway for oxidizing PUFAs, but nonenzymatic reactions have also been characterized. When one considers the significance of lipid peroxidation, it is surprising to discover the many diverse areas that are affected. In fact, whether one considers the process beneficial or detrimental depends on the circumstances. In situations where lipid peroxidation has been implicated in tissue damage, controversy exists over whether it is involved in the primary events causing injury or merely a by-product.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, prevalence and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in patients on dialysis (2012)

The incidence and prevalence of AF in ESRD patients are higher than in the general population and are associated with an increased risk of stroke and mortality. An appropriately designed randomized controlled trial is required to determine whether anticoagulation is an appropriate therapeutic strategy in patients with end-stage renal disease and atrial fibrillation.
Transgenic CaMKIIδ <sub>C</sub> Overexpression Uniquely Alters Cardiac Myocyte Ca <sup>2+</sup> Handling (2003)

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) delta is the predominant cardiac isoform, and the deltaC splice variant is cytoplasmic. We overexpressed CaMKIIdeltaC in mouse heart and observed dilated heart failure and altered myocyte Ca2+ regulation in 3-month-old CaMKIIdeltaC transgenic mice (TG) versus wild-type littermates (WT). Heart/body weight ratio and cardiomyocyte size were increased about 2-fold in TG versus WT. At 1 Hz, twitch shortening, [Ca2+]i transient amplitude, and diastolic [Ca2+]i were all reduced by approximately 50% in TG versus WT. This is explained by >50% reduction in SR Ca2+ content in TG versus WT. Peak Ca2+ current (ICa) was slightly increased, and action potential duration was prolonged in TG versus WT. Despite lower SR Ca2+ load and diastolic [Ca2+]i, fractional SR Ca2+ release was increased and resting spontaneous SR Ca2+ release events (Ca2+ sparks) were doubled in frequency in TG versus WT (with prolonged width and duration, but lower amplitude). Enhanced Ca2+ spark frequency was also seen in TG at 4 weeks (before heart failure onset). Acute CaMKII inhibition normalized Ca2+ spark frequency and ICa, consistent with direct CaMKII activation of ryanodine receptors (and ICa) in TG. The rate of [Ca2+]i decline during caffeine exposure was faster in TG, indicating enhanced Na+-Ca2+ exchange function (consistent with protein expression measurements). Enhanced diastolic SR Ca2+ leak (via sparks), reduced SR Ca2+-ATPase expression, and increased Na+-Ca2+ exchanger explain the reduced diastolic [Ca2+]i and SR Ca2+ content in TG. We conclude that CaMKIIdeltaC overexpression causes acute modulation of excitation-contraction coupling, which contributes to heart failure.
Phenolic profile and free radical‐scavenging activity of Cabernet Sauvignon wines of different geographical origins from the Balkan region (2010)

The concentrations of the main components catechin and quercetin can be used as biochemical markers for the authentication of red grape cultivars and their corresponding single-cultivar wines.
Fermentation substrate and dilution rate interact to affect microbial growth and efficiency. (1999)

The effect of dilution rate (D) on carbohydrate, fibrous and nonfibrous, and protein fermentation by ruminal microorganisms was studied using a single-effluent continuous-culture system. The diets of fibrous carbohydrate, nonfibrous carbohydrate, or protein were formulated with soybean hulls (FC), ground corn (NFC), or isolated soy protein (PR) as the primary ingredient, respectively. Six dilution rates (.025, .050, .075, .10, .15, and .20/h of fermenter volume) were used. Digestibilities of DM, OM, and CP for the three diets and of NDF and ADF for the FC diet decreased (P<.001) as D increased, although the response of the digestibility to D varied with diet. Increasing D resulted in an increase in pH (P<.001) and a decrease (P<.001) in ammonia concentration. Daily volatile fatty acid production increased (quadratic; P<.01) for the FC and NFC diets, but decreased (quadratic; P<.001) for the PR diet. Increasing D quadratically increased (P<.001) the molar percentage of acetate and propionate, but quadratically decreased (P<.001) butyrate and valerate for the FC and NFC diets. For the PR diet, the molar percentage of propionate and valerate increased (quadratic; P<.01), whereas acetate and butyrate decreased (linear; P<.001) in response to increasing D. Molar percentage of isobutyrate and isovalerate decreased (P<.01) with increasing D for all three diets. As D increased, daily microbial N production showed quadratic responses with maximum values achieved at .126, .143, and .187/h D for the FC, NFC, and PR diet, respectively. There was a positive correlation between microbial growth efficiency (MOEFF) and D. A quadratic model fit the data of MOEFF as affected by D, and maximum MOEFF of 37.3, 59.6, and 71.4 g of bacterial N/kg OM truly fermented were calculated to be achieved at .177, .314, and .207/h D for the FC, NFC, and PR diet, respectively. Dilution rate significantly influenced the ruminal microbial fermentation of fibrous and nonfibrous carbohydrates and proteins, and was positively related to microbial yield and growth efficiency. In addition, microbial nitrogen composition, and therefore efficiency, was affected by substrate fermented.
A Hybrid Low Power Biopatch for Body Surface Potential Measurement (2013)

This paper presents a wearable biopatch prototype for body surface potential measurement. It combines three key technologies, including mixed-signal system on chip (SoC) technology, inkjet printing technology, and anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA) bonding technology. An integral part of the biopatch is a low-power low-noise SoC. The SoC contains a tunable analog front end, a successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter, and a reconfigurable digital controller. The electrodes, interconnections, and interposer are implemented by inkjet-printing the silver ink precisely on a flexible substrate. The reliability of printed traces is evaluated by static bending tests. ACA is used to attach the SoC to the printed structures and form the flexible hybrid system. The biopatch prototype is light and thin with a physical size of 16 cm × 16 cm. Measurement results show that low-noise concurrent electrocardiogram signals from eight chest points have been successfully recorded using the implemented biopatch.
A new family of low-voltage circuits based on quasi-floating gate transistors (2003)

A new family of very low-voltage analog circuits is introduced. These circuits do not show the GB degradation that characterizes other low-voltage approaches based on floating-gate transistors. The proposed approach is validated with experimental results of a CMOS mixer with 0.7 V input signal swing that operates on a single 0.8 V supply with transistor threshold voltages of 0.67 V.
TNF-induced superoxide anion production in adherent human neutrophils involves both the p55 and p75 TNF receptor. (1995)

TNF, a potent activator of neutrophil granulocytes, acts via two cell-surface receptors: the p55-TNF receptor (TNF-R55) and the p75-TNF receptor (TNF-R75), which can be cleaved from the cell surface and thus form soluble TNF-binding proteins (TNF-BP). The role of the two receptors in activation of the neutrophil respiratory burst was investigated. Two mAbs reacting with TNF-R55 (H398 and TBP2) induced O2 release in a similar manner but to a lesser extent than TNF. TBP2, however, required preincubation at 4 degrees C to exert its effect. Preincubation of neutrophils (both at 4 and 37 degrees C) with mAb to TNF-R75 decreased TNF-induced superoxide anion production by 67 and 64%, respectively, indicating the essential role also for TNF-R75 in neutrophil activation. This inhibitory effect could not be explained by cross-down-regulation of TNF-R55 because the TNF-R75 mAb had no effect on TNF binding to TNF-R55 as determined by binding of 125I-labeled TNF or release of TNF-R55-BP as measured by ELISA. Furthermore, the TNF-R75 mAb did not decrease superoxide anion generation induced by the TNF-R55 mAb H398, thus ruling out that the inhibitory effect of the TNF-R75 mAb is due to inhibition of the signaling pathway downstream of TNF-R55. In contrast to the TNF-R75 mAb, TNF-R55 mAbs induced down-regulation of TNF-R75 and shedding of both TNF-R55-BP and TNF-R75-BP. We conclude that both TNF-R55 and TNF-R75 are involved in TNF-induced activation of the neutrophil respiratory burst.
A Self-Learning and Online Algorithm for Time Series Anomaly Detection, with Application in CPU Manufacturing (2016)

The problem of anomaly detection in time series has received a lot of attention in the past two decades. However, existing techniques cannot locate where the anomalies are within anomalous time series, or they require users to provide the length of potential anomalies. To address these limitations, we propose a self-learning online anomaly detection algorithm that automatically identifies anomalous time series, as well as the exact locations where the anomalies occur in the detected time series. We evaluate our approach on several real datasets, including two CPU manufacturing data from Intel. We demonstrate that our approach can successfully detect the correct anomalies without requiring any prior knowledge about the data.
Phase III, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial of Atamestane Plus Toremifene Compared With Letrozole in Postmenopausal Women With Advanced Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer (2007)

TTP for patients receiving ATA + TOR was identical to that for patients receiving LET, representing the first endocrine therapy comparable to LET in ABC. Unlike in the Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, and Combined trial, addition of an antiestrogen did not decrease efficacy of the AI. Future studies of AIs in combination with more effective selective estrogen receptor modulators or selective receptor downregulators is warranted.
Personalized Faceted Navigation for Multimedia Collections (2007)

Existing multimedia information retrieval systems provide users with insufficient support for efficient searching for and browsing in multimedia content. Several possible solutions were proposed, such as using faceted metadata search or semantic clusters of search results. We describe the possibilities of using enhanced faceted navigation with support for personalization, collaboration and Semantic Web technologies for multimedia information retrieval. Furthermore, we propose a method of faceted browser adaptation with support for dynamic facet generation based on an automatically acquired user model.
Sulfuric Acid on Europa and the Radiolytic Sulfur Cycle (1999)

A comparison of laboratory spectra with Galileo data indicates that hydrated sulfuric acid is present and is a major component of Europa's surface. In addition, this moon's visually dark surface material, which spatially correlates with the sulfuric acid concentration, is identified as radiolytically altered sulfur polymers. Radiolysis of the surface by magnetospheric plasma bombardment continuously cycles sulfur between three forms: sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, and sulfur polymers, with sulfuric acid being about 50 times as abundant as the other forms. Enhanced sulfuric acid concentrations are found in Europa's geologically young terrains, suggesting that low-temperature, liquid sulfuric acid may influence geological processes.