gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Image Statistics Relevant to Computer Graphics (2011)

Abstract The statistics of natural images have attracted the attention of researchers in a variety of fields and have been used as a means to better understand the human visual system and its processes. A number of algorithms in computer graphics, vision and image processing take advantage of such statistical findings to create visually more plausible results. With this report we aim to review the state of the art in image statistics and discuss existing and potential applications within computer graphics and related areas.
Reliability defect detection and screening during processing-theory and implementation (1992)

The authors derive a model that relates electrical in-process measurements to reliability defect occurrence. The model begins with an understanding of reliability defect physics and statistics and then uses elements of semiconductor manufacture yield modeling. An experiment, using intensive microscopic inspections, that was used to verify this model is described. The type and nature of yield and reliability defect monitors and the use of in-process electrical measurements of these monitors for reliability defect detection are described. The implementation of 'maverick' screens for a highly defective product is outlined, and the improvement in reliability that these screens provide is estimated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Portable Wearable Tele-ECG Monitoring System (2019)

This paper introduces a wearable Tele-ECG and heart rate (HR) monitoring system which has a novel architecture including a stretchable singlet redesigned with textile electrodes (TEs), textile threads, snap fasteners, Velcro, sponges, and an ECG circuit. In addition, a Bluetooth low energy (BLE), a smartphone, a server, and a web page have been added to the system for remote monitoring. The TE can be attached to and removed from the singlet by a Velcro, which allows the user to dry-clean the TE easily for long-term use. A new holter-based ECG system has been designed to evaluate the TE-based ECG system and the average correlation between the recorded ECG signals is obtained as 99.23%. A filtered digital signal, with a high signal-to-noise ratio of 45.62 dB, is transmitted to the smartphone via BLE. The ECG signal is plotted, the HR is calculated with 1.83% mean absolute percentage error, and displayed. The data are sent to the server, allowing the patient's physician to analyze the signals in real time through the web page or the smartphone. If HR reaches beyond the normal range or user presses the “HELP” button on the smartphone screen, the physician is informed automatically by an short message service (SMS) with a location pin on the map. The battery lasts approximately 14 days and when it needs replacement, the system automatically alerts the users by an SMS and a flashing LED. This fast and uninterrupted telemonitoring system has the potential to improve the patient's life quality by providing a psychological reassurance.
Original Contribution: Wound‐healing properties of nut oil from <i>Pouteria lucuma</i> (2010)

Natural FAs from P. lucuma nut promote skin regeneration and, thus, may have applications in medicine and skin care.
Spreadsheet driven web applications (2014)

Creating and publishing read-write-compute web applications requires programming skills beyond what most end users possess. But many end users know how to make spreadsheets that act as simple information management applications, some even with computation. We present a system for creating basic web applications using such spreadsheets in place of a server and using HTML to describe the client UI. Authors connect the two by placing spreadsheet references inside HTML attributes. Data computation is provided by spreadsheet formulas. The result is a reactive read-write-compute web page without a single line of Javascript code. Nearly all of the fifteen HTML novices we studied were able to connect HTML to spreadsheets using our method with minimal instruction. We draw conclusions from their experience and discuss future extensions to this programming model.
Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte a interferon (rIFN-αA) in disseminated malignant melanoma (1984)

Thirty-one patients with disseminated malignant melanoma received intramuscular recombinant leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A), 50 X 10(6) units/m2 three times weekly for a planned treatment duration of 3 months. Seven objective regressions (23%), which ranged in duration from 3 to 11.2+ months, were observed. Forty-two percent of 12 patients who were fully active (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] performance score, 0) responded compared to 11% of 19 patients with impairment of performance status (ECOG, 1-3). Prior chemotherapy did not influence response rate. For all patients the median time to progression and of survival was 2 months and 6 months, respectively. Four patients had partial regressions in soft tissue (3, 4.6 months), pulmonary (7 months), and prostatic lesions (3 months). The latter was biopsy-proven and assessed by serial computerized tomography (CT) scans. Three had complete regressions of soft tissue disease (2 patients, 6.4 and 10+ months each), and liver involvement (11.2+ months). The major toxicities were moderate to severe fatigue (87%), anorexia (58%), and confusion (23%). Performance score deteriorated in 84% of patients during the time they were receiving rIFN-alpha A. Among the 13 patients whose tumors did not progress for at least 12 weeks, 7 required dose reductions or termination of treatment due to toxicities. Hematologic and hepatic toxicity was transient and of little clinical significance. The study indicates that rIFN-alpha A has some antitumor activity accompanied by difficult side effects in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma.
Sixty Years of CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2010)

The first issue of CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians was published in November of 1950. On the 60th anniversary of that date, we briefly review several seminal contributions to oncology and cancer control published in our journal during its first decade.
Automated workflows for accurate mass-based putative metabolite identification in LC/MS-derived metabolomic datasets (2011)

warwick.dunn@manchester.ac.uk.
Public-key cryptography and open systems interconnection (1992)

The role of public-key cryptography in open systems interconnection (OSI) is discussed. A short tutorial introduction to public-key cryptography is followed by a discussion of how security fits into the OSI architecture, and what standards are being developed in this area. The use being made of public-key cryptography in the network layer and in the message handling system and directory application is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surfactant-free synthesis of pure anatase TiO2 nanorods suitable for dye-sensitized solar cells (2010)

A non-aqueous, solvothermal method was applied to the synthesis of TiO2 nanorods in pure anatase crystal phase using Ti(IV)-isopropoxide. The use of benzyl alcohol as both solvent and reactant was investigated in combination with the addition of acetic acid to the reaction mixture. Various values of the AcOH : Ti(OiPr)4 molar ratio were realized in the synthesis and tested in order to obtain a significant dimensional and morphological control over the resulting TiO2 nanostructures, as well as to devise a simple and scalable synthetic protocol. On the basis of the experimental results, a substantially modified version of the well-established “benzyl alcohol route” was then designed and developed. X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy revealed that monodisperse anatase nanorods having a length of about 13–17 nm and a diameter of 5 nm can be obtained when AcOH and Ti(OiPr)4 are reacted in comparable proportions. Investigation of the characteristic parameters of dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated using the synthesized nanorods as photoanode revealed a power conversion efficiency of about 7.5% corresponding to an improvement of 28% with respect to a commercial spheroidal nanotitania (P25) based reference device.
N. C. Fraser & H. D. Sues (eds) 1995. In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs. Early Mesozoic Tetrapods. x + 435 pp. Cambridge, New York, Port Chester, Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press. Price £50.00, US $89.95 (hard covers). ISBN 0 521 45242 2. (1996)

N. C. Fraser & H. D. Sues (eds) 1995. In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs. Early Mesozoic Tetrapods. x + 435 pp. Cambridge, New York, Port Chester, Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press. Price £50.00, US $89.95 (hard covers). ISBN 0 521 45242 2. - Volume 133 Issue 4
A new algorithm for characters segmentation of license plate based on variance projection and mean filter (2011)

According to the prior information of license plate, a new algorithm for characters segmentation of license plate based on variance projection and mean filter is proposed. Firstly, some preprocessing is performed toward the license plate images and image binarization is adopted after the processes. Then the horizontal boundaries and rivet are removed by using horizontal projection of license plate. Thus character separation of the license plate is implemented by using vertical projection which is processed based on mean filter, located the best segmentation points of adjacent characters. The experimental result shows that this algorithm has a good effect on the segmentation.
Beacon placement for range-based indoor localization (2016)

In this paper, we address the problem of range-based beacon placement given a floor plan to support indoor localization systems. Existing approaches for trilateration require three or more beacons to determine a unique position solution. We show that with prior knowledge of the map and a model of beacon coverage, it is possible to uniquely localize with only two beacons. This not only reduces installation cost by requiring fewer nodes, but can also improve robustness. One of the main challenges with respect to beacon placement algorithms is defining a metric for estimating performance. We propose augmenting the commonly used Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) metric to account for indoor spaces. We then use this enhanced GDOP metric as part of a toolchain to compare various beacon placement algorithms in terms of coverage and expected accuracy. When applied to a set of real floor plans, our approach is able to reduce the number of beacons between 22% and 60% (33% on an average) as compared to standard trilateration.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are potential drug targets for cancer therapy (2017)

Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors including PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, which play an important role in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor growth. Activation of PPARs by endogenous or synthetic compounds regulates tumor progression in various tissues. Although each PPAR isotype suppresses or promotes tumor development depending on the specific tissues or ligands, the mechanism is still unclear. In this review, we summarized the regulative mechanism of PPARs on cancer progression.
Strain-specific and tissue-specific expression of mouse mast cell secretory granule proteases. (1994)

As assessed by RNA blot analyses with gene-specific probes, we report that the perivascular connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) in the ear and skin of BALB/cJ mice contain abundant levels of the mouse mast cell protease (mMCP) 7 transcript, in addition to those protease transcripts present in their serosal mast cells (SMCs). High levels of the mMCP-7 transcript also were detected in the ears of WBB6F1/J(-)+/+, WCB6F1/J(-)+/+, WB/ReJ(-)+/+, and WC/ReJ(-)+/+ mice. However, the ears of these four strains and the SMCs from the WCB6F1/J(-)+/+ strain but not the BALB/cJ strain also contained high steady-state levels of the mMCP-2 transcript. The mMCP-2, mMCP-4, mMCP-5, mMCP-6, and mMCP-7 transcripts were not detected in the ears of mast-cell-deficient WBB6F1/J-W/Wv and WCB6F1/J-Sl/Sld mice, indicating that mast cells were the source of these protease transcripts in the +/+ animals. When immunohistochemical analyses of serial sections of ear and skin from WBB6F1/J(-)+/+ mice were performed with anti-mMCP-2 IgG and anti-mMCP-5 IgG, the perivascular CTMCs in these tissues were found to express both mMCP-2 and mMCP-5 in their granules. The prominent expression of mMCP-7 in constitutive perivascular CTMCs indicates that this mast cell has an extended protease phenotype relative to the SMCs of the same strains. Further, the perivascular CTMCs and SMCs of the +/+ strains differ from those in BALB/cJ mice in their prominent expression of mMCP-2.
IMAGING PYROMETRY OF LASER-HEATED SAPPHIRE (1999)

Traditional interview selection methods systematically exclude URM applicants from consideration without due attention to applicant strengths or potential contribution to clinical care. Conversely, holistic screening represents a structural intervention capable of critically examining measures of merit, reducing bias, and increasing URM representation in residency recruitment, screening, and selection.
Binary and Ternary Adsorption of Methane, Ethane, and Ethylene on Titanosilicate ETS-10 Zeolite (2005)

Binary and ternary equilibrium adsorption data of methane, ethane, and ethylene on titanosilicate ETS-10 zeolites are reported at temperatures of 280 K and 325 K and pressures of 350 kPa and 700 kPa. The experimental data are modeled using the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) in conjunction with the pure isotherms of Toth, Unilan, and Virial. The fit of this model to these data is satisfactory. Values of the relative adsorptivity calculated from the data and the IAST fits of the data show that the separation of methane from ethane or ethylene is extremely feasible at any conditions. Also, the separation of ethane from ethylene is highly favorable on ETS-10, particularly at low temperature. The removal of methane or ethane from the ternary mixture methane + ethane + ethylene is extremely easy at any operating conditions.
29.6 A 3-to-10Gb/s 5.75pJ/b transceiver with flexible clocking in 65nm CMOS (2017)

Serial link transceivers that can operate across a wide range of data rates offer flexibility and rapid realization of single-chip multi-standard solutions. The ability to independently control the data rate of each lane in a multi-lane transceiver with fine granularity is also valuable. The implementation of such transceivers would require analog front-ends and clocking circuits that can operate over a wide range of frequencies. As a result, compared to transceivers that are optimized to operate at one single data rate, flexible-rate transceivers are power and area hungry. Because a single PLL cannot generate clocks across the entire interface operating range, use multiple LC tanks, carefully optimized waveform shaping circuits, power hungry clock distribution, and complex frequency planning methods. In this paper, we present a clocking strategy for efficient clock generation, recovery, and distribution in flexible-rate transceivers. Using a fixed-frequency low-jitter clock provided by an integer-N PLL, fractional frequencies are generated/recovered locally using multi-phase fractional-N clock multipliers, which offers the following advantages. First, clock distribution power is reduced because only a single-phase fixed-frequency clock is needed. Second, it can provide multiple phases with infinite phase shifting capability across a wide frequency range without using phase interpolators. Finally, by maximizing the bandwidth of a local ring-based clock multiplier, it achieves jitter performance comparable to that of LC-based multipliers. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process, the prototype transceiver can be programmed to operate at any rate from 3-to10 Gb/s. At 10 Gb/s, integrated jitter of the transmitter output and recovered clock is 360 fs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> and 758 fs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> , respectively.
Mercury monitor for ambient air. [Isotope-shift, Zeeman-effect atomic absorption spectrometer] (1975)

An isotope-shift, Zeeman-effect atomic absorption spectrometer has been demonstrated to have sufficient sensitivity to continuously monitor the total mercury content of ambient air. At present, the minimum total mercury concentration detectable with this device is 0.2 microgram per cubic meter of air - one fifth of the proposed federal guideline. This is the first technique which responds to both mercury vapor and mercury in particulates available for continuous monitoring at this concentration. (auth)
Hbo1 Is a Cyclin E/CDK2 Substrate That Enriches Breast Cancer Stem-like Cells (2013)

Expression of cyclin E proteolytic cleavage products, low-molecular weight cyclin E (LMW-E), is associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with breast cancer and it enhances tumorigenecity in mouse models. Here we report that LMW-E expression in human mammary epithelial cells induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype, increases the CD44(hi)/CD24(lo) population, enhances mammosphere formation, and upregulates aldehyde dehydrogenase expression and activity. We also report that breast tumors expressing LMW-E have a higher proportion of CD44(hi)/CD24(lo) tumor cells as compared with tumors expressing only full-length cyclin E. In order to explore how LMW-E enriches cancer stem cells in breast tumors, we conducted a protein microarray analysis that identified the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Hbo1 as a novel cyclin E/CDK2 substrate. The LMW-E/CDK2 complex phosphorylated Hbo1 at T88 without affecting its HAT activity. When coexpressed with LMW-E/CDK2, wild-type Hbo1 promoted enrichment of cancer stem-like cells (CSC), whereas the T88 Hbo1 mutant reversed the CSC phenotype. Finally, doxorubicin and salinomycin (a CSC-selective cytotoxic agent) synergized to kill cells expressing LMW-E, but not full-length cyclin E. Collectively, our results suggest that the heightened oncogenecity of LMW-E relates to its ability to promote CSC properties, supporting the design of therapeutic strategies to target this unique function.
Thin monocrystalline silicon films for solar cells (2003)

Thin film monocrystalline silicon solar cells based on porous silicon layer transfer processes could be cost-effective because of their lower consumption of material use and the potential for high efficiency. Novel techniques of porous silicon film separation, obtained by anodization of silicon, are presented. Anodization techniques for porous silicon film separation are classified as either one-step or two-step. Two-step anodization provides better control over the one-step method in terms of porous silicon film thickness that can be separated. The substrate reusability of both the techniques is assessed through roughness measurements. A monocrystalline epitaxial layer is deposited on annealed porous silicon, and is then used to make a solar cell. A cell of 12% efficiency is realized in 18 /spl mu/m thick epitaxial layer with an excellent short circuit current of 32.9 mA/cm/sup 2/.
Assessment of Microbial Biofilm Growth on Nanocrystalline Diamond in a Continuous Perfusion Environment (2010)

Abstract A major concern with medical and dental biomaterials is colonization of these materials with microbial biofilms. One material processed using chemical vapor deposition and other conventional top-down nanomanufacturing technologies that has recently been considered for use in preventing growth of microorganisms is the nanocrystalline diamond. Nanocrystalline diamond coatings have been evaluated for use as coatings on medical implants (e.g., hip prostheses) and surgical tools due to their low coefficient of friction, high corrosion resistance, high hardness, and high wear resistance. In this study, the microstructural properties and microorganism interaction behavior of nanocrystalline diamond coatings were examined. A device for examining microbial biofilms known as a CDC biofilm reactor was used to examine the interaction between a fluorescent microorganism, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and nanocrystalline diamond coatings in a continuous perfusion environment. Biofilm formation was evident on the nanocrystalline diamond surface after 24 h. No correlation between grain size or morphology and cell density was observed; large variations in P. fluorescens growth on the coatings were observed, even for the samples with similar grain sizes and morphologies. The results of this study suggest that nanocrystalline diamond coatings do not prevent Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm development in a continuous perfusion environment. Additional treatment of the nanocrystalline diamond coatings with antimicrobial and/or antifouling agents would be necessary to prevent formation of microbial biofilms. The development of novel continuous flow technologies for evaluating the growth of microbial biofilms on biomaterials will provide a better understanding of biomaterial-microorganism interaction and will enable the creation of enhanced antimicrobial biomaterials.
Serological relationship between inclusion body proteins and a virus enhancing factor of an entomopoxvirus (1998)

An enhancing factor (EF) from Pseudaletia separata entomopoxvirus was serologically related to the fusolin but unrelated to the spheroidin. The spheroid contained a protein serologically related to the EF and the fusolin. The EF consisted of a protein and a polysaccharide.
Granular Media: Between Fluid and Solid (2013)

Sand, rice, sugar, snow, cement ... Although ubiquitous in our daily lives, granular media still challenge engineers and fascinate researchers. This book provides the state-of-the-art of the physics of granular media and recent advances in the field. The book presents the fundamental properties of granular materials: interactions between grains; solid, liquid and gaseous behaviours; coupling with a fluid; and sediment transport and formation of geological structures. Descriptions of the phenomena combine qualitative and formal arguments, coming from areas as diverse as elasticity, plasticity, statistical physics, fluid mechanics and geomorphology. Many examples of the astonishing behaviours of granular media are presented, including avalanches, segregation, dune song and quicksand. This book is ideal for graduate students and researchers in physics, applied mathematics and engineering.
Development of an Efficient Plant Regeneration System in Sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) (1998)

With the aim of developing an efficient plant regeneration system from cells or tissues of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.), we compared several regeneration protocols using different explant types and hormonal combinations. Somatic embryogenesis could be induced on cotyledon explants, especially from the basal (proximal) portion of the cotyledons, but genotypic vairation appeared to be the most critical factor for both somatic embryo and root production. Such a variation was more prominent when 10 different sunflower cultivars were compared for shoot production from shoot-tip explants. Further refinement of the culture conditions may be neceassary to improve the efficiency of somatic embryo production. Thin cell layers from hypocotyl segments were not found to be successful for plant regeneration.
Factors associated with injection omission/non‐adherence in the Global Attitudes of Patients and Physicians in Insulin Therapy study (2012)

The results of this large-scale study suggest that insulin omission/non-adherence is common and associated with several modifiable risk factors (including practical barriers, injection difficulties, lifestyle burden and regimen inflexibility). Additional efforts to address these risk factors might reduce the frequency of insulin omission/non-adherence and lead to improved clinical outcomes.