gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical, biochemical, and nutritional aspects of trace elements (1982)

Thirty technical conference papers by experts in their field present new findings in 5 trace element research areas: essential elements (zinc, copper, chromium, selenium, manganese); trace element methodology; trace elements in total parenteral nutrition; trace elements interactions; and toxic elements (lead, cadmium, mercury). Intended to stimulate further research, the conference is reported for physicians, nutritionists, and biochemists. The papers represent the latest research on trace elements and the roles they play in human body functions. The wide variety of topics include: clinical and biological aspects of human zinc deficiency, the metabolism and biochemistry of zinc, the clinical and public health significance of chromium, trace element analyses in food and in biological samples, human mercury toxicity, and zinc nutrition in infants and children. (wz)
MODIFIED DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS APPARATUS* (1948)

A bstract The differential thermal analysis apparatus described consists of an important improvement. This is the arrangement of the sample and standard holder so that the thermocouples become both the holder and the differential temperature measuring device. This arrangement permits easy removal of the sample and also permits the investigation of exothermic and endothermic reactions at much higher temperatures without damage to the thermocouples.
Arginases and arginine deficiency syndromes (2011)

There are at least two broad categories of arginine deficiency syndromes, involving either T-cell dysfunction or endothelial dysfunction, depending on the disease context in which arginine deficiency occurs. There is limited information regarding the safety and efficacy of supplementation with arginine or its precursor citrulline in ameliorating arginine deficiency in specific diseases, indicating the need for further studies.
Zero Voltage Switching Scheme for Flyback Converter to Ensure Compatibility with Active Power Decoupling Capability (2018)

In this paper, a novel ZVS method with synchronous rectifier is proposed in order to achieve the soft switching and the active power decoupling without additional component. The proposed method separates the ZVS operation and the snubber capability to keep the discontinuous current mode (DCM) for the power decoupling. In addition, an active clamp circuit which achieves soft switching operation is applied for the surge voltage suppression of a main switch. From the experimental results, 0.4% of a second-order harmonics on a DC input current is obtained in comparison with a DC component. In addition, it is confirmed that the surge voltage is reduced by 50% owing to the active clamp circuit, and the ZVS operation by the experiment.
Conflict resolution using logic programming (2003)

This paper addresses issues involved in applying the event-condition-action (ECA) rule paradigm of active databases to policies-collections of general principles specifying the desired behavior of a system. We use a declarative policy description language, PDL, in which policies are formulated as sets of ECA rules. The main contribution of the paper is a framework for detecting action conflicts and finding resolutions for them. Conflicts are captured as violations of action constraints. The semantics of rules and conflict detection and resolution are defined axiomatically using logic programs. Given a policy and a set of action constraints, the framework defines a range of monitors that filter the output of the policy to satisfy the constraints.
Volatilization of refractory elements as 8-hydroxyquinolinate complexes for sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (1995)

A novel sample introduction method, based on the volatilization of 8-hydroxyquinolinate complexes, was proposed for the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric determination of refractory elements B, Cr, Nb, V and Zr. The 8-hydroxyquinolinate complexes of these refractory elements were found to be vaporized at a temperature even lower than 500 °C in the presence of 8-hydroxyquinoline. Detection limits at the sub-nanogram level were obtained for these elements.
Mannose‐Binding Lectin Gene Polymorphisms as a Susceptibility Factor for Chronic Necrotizing Pulmonary Aspergillosis (2001)

It was investigated whether a deficiency of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), which binds Aspergillus species avidly in vitro, could account for chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA), which is seen most commonly in nonimmunocompromised patients. Blood samples were obtained from 11 patients (10 white) with CNPA and were compared with blood samples from 82 white control subjects. MBL haplotype profiles were determined by polymerase chain reaction, using sequence-specific primers and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing techniques. Seven of the 10 white patients with CNPA had MBL haplotypes that encode for low levels of the protein, compared with 25.6% of the white control subjects (P=.004). Presence of the codon 52 mutation was particularly common in patients with CNPA (P=.015), which suggests a greater involvement of this mutation.
In Vitro Enzymatic Characterization of Near Full Length EGFR in Activated and Inhibited States (2009)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a single-pass transmembrane protein with an extracellular ligand-binding region and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase. Ligand binding activates the tyrosine kinase, which in turn initiates signaling cascades that influence cell proliferation and differentiation. EGFR activity is essential for normal development of many multicellular organisms, and inappropriate activation of EGFR is associated with multiple human cancers. Several drugs targeting EGFR activity are approved cancer therapies, and new EGFR-targeted therapies are being actively pursued. Much of what is known about EGFR structure and function is derived from studies of soluble receptor fragments. We report here an approach to producing an active, membrane-spanning form of EGFR of suitable purity, homogeneity, and quantity for structural and functional studies. We show that EGFR is capable of direct autophosphorylation of tyrosine 845, which is located on its kinase activation loop, and that the kinase activity of EGFR is approximately 500-fold higher in the presence of EGF vs the inhibitory anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab. The potencies of the small molecule EGFR kinase inhibitors erlotinib and lapatinib for various forms of EGFR were measured, and the therapeutic and mechanistic implications of these results considered.
Isolation of a mouse Golgi mannosidase cDNA, a member of a gene family conserved from yeast to mammals (1994)

The amino acid sequence of the specific alpha-mannosidase involved in N-oligosaccharide processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to have a high degree of similarity to the deduced amino acid sequence of a rabbit liver alpha-mannosidase partial cDNA, demonstrating that processing mannosidases have been conserved through eukaryotic evolution. Regions of sequence identity were chosen to design degenerate oligonucleotide primers that can be used to prepare probes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for cloning processing mannosidases from other eukaryotes. Using these primers for PCR with mouse liver cDNA as template, two related but distinct PCR products were obtained. The amino acid sequences of PCR1 and PCR2 were 88 and 65% identical with the corresponding sequence of the rabbit enzyme, respectively. Southern blot analysis of mouse genomic DNA using PCR1 and PCR2 as probes revealed that they are derived from two different genes, indicating the existence of a mammalian mannosidase gene family with at least two members. Using PCR2 as a probe, a novel mouse cDNA was isolated from a 3T3 cDNA library. It contains an open reading frame which encodes a type II membrane protein of 73 kDa with a cytoplasmic region of about 35 amino acids, a Ca2+ binding consensus sequence, and a single N-glycosylation site. Northern blot analysis of mouse tissues and L cells revealed tissue-specific expression of multiple transcripts, ranging in size from 4.2 to 8.5 kilobases, that suggests a complex pattern of gene regulation. Transient expression of the influenza hemagglutinin epitope-tagged cDNA in COS cells followed by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibody 12CA5 showed that the cloned mannosidase is primarily localized in a juxtanuclear position corresponding to the Golgi. The C-terminal domain lacking the putative transmembrane region was shown to have alpha-mannosidase activity when expressed in COS cells as a secreted Protein A fusion product.
The Preparation of Substituted Hydroxyphenyl-<i>pyridyl</i>-ethanols and α-Hydroxyphenyl-α-methylpyridineethanols by the Condensation of 2-, 3-, or 4-Picolyllithium with Select Hydroxy-benzaldehydes and 4-Hydroxyacetophenone (1995)

Abstract 2-, 3-, or 4-Picolyllithium was prepared in excess lithium diiso-propylamide and condensed with several hydroxy-benzaldehydes and 4-hydroxy-acetophenone to afford substituted hydroxyphenyl-pyridyl-ethanols and α-hydroxyphenyl-α-methylpyridineethanols. In two instances. 3-picolyllithium condensed with aldehydes to presumably form the hydroxyphenyl-pyridyl-ethanol, which underwent linear dehydration to the substituted pyridyl-ethylenyl-phenol.
An Arabidopsis Purple Acid Phosphatase with Phytase Activity Increases Foliar Ascorbate (2007)

Ascorbate (AsA) is the most abundant antioxidant in plant cells and a cofactor for a large number of key enzymes. However, the mechanism of how AsA levels are regulated in plant cells remains unknown. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) activation-tagged mutant AT23040 showed a pleiotropic phenotype, including ozone resistance, rapid growth, and leaves containing higher AsA than wild-type plants. The phenotype was caused by activation of a purple acid phosphatase (PAP) gene, AtPAP15, which contains a dinuclear metal center in the active site. AtPAP15 was universally expressed in all tested organs in wild-type plants. Overexpression of AtPAP15 with the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter produced mutants with up to 2-fold increased foliar AsA, 20% to 30% decrease in foliar phytate, enhanced salt tolerance, and decreased abscisic acid sensitivity. Two independent SALK T-DNA insertion mutants in AtPAP15 had 30% less foliar AsA and 15% to 20% more phytate than wild-type plants and decreased tolerance to abiotic stresses. Enzyme activity of partially purified AtPAP15 from plant crude extract and recombinant AtPAP15 expressed in bacteria and yeast was highest when phytate was used as substrate, indicating that AtPAP15 is a phytase. Recombinant AtPAP15 also showed enzyme activity on the substrate myoinositol-1-phosphate, indicating that the AtPAP15 is a phytase that hydrolyzes myoinositol hexakisphosphate to yield myoinositol and free phosphate. Myoinositol is a known precursor for AsA biosynthesis in plants. Thus, AtPAP15 may modulate AsA levels by controlling the input of myoinositol into this branch of AsA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
A longitudinal study of Alzheimer's disease: measurement, rate, and predictors of cognitive deterioration (1994)

These results suggest that cognitive deterioration is slow during the early and very late stages of Alzheimer's disease and more rapid during the middle stages. No clinical variables other than degree of cognitive impairment and previous rate of cognitive decline predicted rate of deterioration. These results have implications for treatment trials and attempts to identify subgroups.
Identification of three cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylation sites within the major intracellular domain of neuronal nicotinic receptor α4 subunits (2002)

This study determined whether all protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation sites on the alpha4 subunit of rat alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptors could be localized to the M3/M4 cytoplasmic domain of the protein, and investigated specific amino acid substrates for the kinases through two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis. Experiments were conducted using alpha4beta2 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes and a fusion protein corresponding to the M3/M4 cytoplasmic domain of alpha4 (alpha4(333-594) ). When oocytes expressing alpha4beta2 receptors were incubated with [(32) P]orthophosphate in order to label endogenous ATP stores, phosphorylation of alpha4 subunits was evident. Incubation of either immunoprecipitated receptors or the fusion protein with [(32) P]ATP and either PKA or PKC followed by trypsinization of the samples demonstrated that the kinases phosphorylated alpha4 subunits on multiple phosphopeptides, and that the phosphorylated full-length alpha4 protein and fusion protein produced identical phosphopeptide maps. Site-directed mutagenesis of Ser365, Ser472 and Ser491 to alanines in the fusion protein eliminated phosphopeptides phosphorylated by PKA, but not by PKC. Other mutations investigated, Ser470, Ser493, Ser517 and Ser590, did not alter the phosphopeptide maps. Results indicate that Ser365, Ser472 and Ser491 on neuronal nicotinic receptor alpha4 subunits are phosphorylated by PKA and are likely to represent post-translational regulatory sites on the receptor.
Aberrant p21CIP1/WAF1 protein accumulation in head-and-neck cancer (1997)

p21(CIP1/WAF1) is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and, in normal tissues including squamous epithelia, has been associated with cell-cycle exit and differentiation. As shown in this pilot study, however, the majority of head-and-neck squamous-cell carcinomas (HNSCC) display aberrant p21(CIP1/WAF1) expression: of 42 tumors analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, 28 (67%) over-expressed the p21(CIP1/WAF1) protein. Accumulation of p21(CIP1/WAF1) was independent of the histological grade of the tumors as well as the genetic status of the p53 gene. In many cases, most notably in poorly differentiated or undifferentiated HNSCC, p21(CIP1/WAF1)-positive cells were actively proliferating tumor cells, since they also expressed proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67. Accumulation of p21(CIP1/WAF1) occurred through a post-transcriptional mechanism since, in contrast to immunohistochemical analysis of the p21(CIP1/WAF1) protein, in situ hybridization showed no increase of mRNA levels as compared with cells in normal mucosa (n = 25). Clinically, among the patients with p21(CIP1/WAF1)-over-expressing tumors, there was increased recurring disease (p = 0.03; chi2-test), shortened disease-free survival (p = 0.0019; log-rank test) and shortened overall survival (p = 0.0071; log-rank test). These in vivo data indicate that in many HNSCC, accumulated p21(CIP1/WAF1) is compatible with increased tumor-cell proliferation, and they provide preliminary evidence that p21(CIP1/WAF1) may be of prognostic and predictive significance.
유종열과 흑전진추를 통해서 보는 이조가구와 일본가구와의 비교연구 ( A Comparative Study on Furniture of Yi Dynasty and Japanese Furniture ) (1986)

This study tries to clear up about aesthetics of Arts and Crafts
 Movement in Japan through comparative study on Korea and Japanese
 furniture.
In this report, we will give attention to Tatsuaki Kuroda and 
Soetsu Yanagi.
Through their actual activity, this study will re-light Yanagi's 
Beality of Sorrow aesthetics. And it will give us a clue to 
solve the aesthetic problem of modern ages.
Potential Use of a Host Associated Molecular Marker in <i>Enterococcus faecium </i>as an Index of Human Fecal Pollution (2004)

Several genotypic and phenotypic microbial source tracking (MST) methods have been proposed and utilized to differentiate groups of microorganisms, usually indicator organisms, for the purpose of tracking sources of fecal pollution. Targeting of host-specific microorganisms is one of the approaches currently being tested. These methods are useful as they circumvent the need to isolate individual microorganisms and do not require the establishment of reference databases. Several studies have demonstrated that the presence and distribution of Enterococcus spp. in feces seems to be influenced by the host species. Here, we present a method for detection of genetic sequences in culturable enterococci capable of identifying human sources of fecal pollution in the environment. The human fecal pollution marker designed in this study targets a putative virulence factor, the enterococcal surface protein (esp), in Enterococcus faecium. This gene was detected in 97% of sewage and septic samples but was not detected in any livestock waste lagoons or in bird or animal fecal samples. Epidemiological studies in recreational and groundwaters have shown enterococci to be useful indicators of public health risk for gastroenteritis. By identifying the presence of human fecal pollution, and therefore the possible presence of human enteric pathogens, this marker allows for further resolution of the source of this risk.
A 110&#x00B5;W 10Mb/s etextiles transceiver for body area networks with remote battery power (2010)

A transceiver for communicating over an electronic textiles medium is implemented for body area networks. A supply-rail-coupled differential signaling scheme permits time-sharing of the eTextiles medium between communication and remote powering circuits. Fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS and operating at 0.9 V, the chip consumes 110 μW at a data rate of 10 Mb/s over a 1 m fabric link.
Continuous EEG Monitoring for the Detection of Seizures in Traumatic Brain Injury, Infarction, and Intracerebral Hemorrhage: ???To Detect and Protect??? (2005)

Brain injury results in a primary pathophysiologic response that enables the brain to have seizures. Seizures occur frequently after traumatic and nontraumatic intracerebral bleeding. These seizures can be nonconvulsive, and if one does not monitor for seizures, one will not know they are occurring. The use of continuous EEG monitoring (cEEG) to detect brain arrhythmias after a primary insult, much in way that cardiac arrhythmias are detected after myocardial infarction, can influence treatment decisions and mitigate some of the pathophysiologic natural history of brain injuries. Seizures after brain injury worsen clinical outcome and need to be treated. In summary, cEEG is a valuable clinical instrument "to detect and protect," i.e., to detect seizures and protect the brain from seizure-related injury in critically ill patients, whose brains are often in a particularly vulnerable state.
Hydrodynamic Design of Planing Hulls (1964)

The elemental hydrodynamic characteristics of prismatic planing surfaces are discussed and empirical planing equations are given which describe the lift, drag, wetted area, center of pressure, and porpoising stability limits of planing surfaces as a function of speed, trim angle, deadrise angle, and loading. These results are combined to formulate simple computational procedures to predict the horsepower requirements, running trim, draft, and porpoising stability of prismatic planing hulls. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the application of the computational procedures.
Influence of <i>Mycobacterium</i>   <i>bovis</i> Bacillus Calmette-Guerin on Antibody and Cytokine Responses to Human Neonatal Vaccination (2002)

The immaturity of the immune system increases the susceptibility of young infants to infectious diseases and prevents the induction of protective immune responses by vaccines. We previously reported that Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination induces a potent Th1 response to mycobacterial Ags in newborns. In this study, we evaluated the influence of BCG on the response to unrelated vaccines given in early life. Newborns were randomly allocated to one of three study groups receiving BCG at birth, when infants received their first dose of hepatitis B and oral polio vaccines; at 2 mo of age, when infants received their first dose of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines; or at 4.5 mo of age, when immune responses to vaccines were measured. Administration of BCG at the time of priming markedly increased the cellular and Ab responses to the hepatitis B vaccine, but had only a limited influence on the cytokine response to tetanus toxoid and no effect on the Ab responses to tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. Although BCG induced a potent Th1-type response to mycobacterial Ags, it promoted the production of both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in response to unrelated vaccines. The effect of BCG was apparent at the systemic level, as it increased the Ab response to oral polio vaccine. These results demonstrate that BCG influences the immune response to unrelated Ags in early life, likely through its influence on the maturation of dendritic cells.
Chatter control by spindle speed variation in high-speed milling (2009)

International audience
A Contactless Measuring Method of Skin Temperature based on the Skin Sensitivity Index and Deep Learning (2019)

In human-centered intelligent building, real-time measurements of human thermal comfort play critical roles and supply feedback control signals for building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Due to the challenges of intra- and inter-individual differences and skin subtleness variations, there has not been any satisfactory solution for thermal comfort measurements until now. In this paper, a contactless measuring method based on a skin sensitivity index and deep learning (NISDL) was proposed to measure real-time skin temperature. A new evaluating index, named the skin sensitivity index (SSI), was defined to overcome individual differences and skin subtleness variations. To illustrate the effectiveness of SSI proposed, a two multi-layers deep learning framework (NISDL method I and II) was designed and the DenseNet201 was used for extracting features from skin images. The partly personal saturation temperature (NIPST) algorithm was use for algorithm comparisons. Another deep learning algorithm without SSI (DL) was also generated for algorithm comparisons. Finally, a total of 1.44 million image data was used for algorithm validation. The results show that 55.62% and 52.25% error values (NISDL method I, II) are scattered at (0 °C, 0.25 °C), and the same error intervals distribution of NIPST is 35.39%.
Protein Structure and Energy Landscape Dependence on Sequence Using a Continuous Energy Function (1997)

We have recently described a new conformational search strategy for protein folding algorithms called the CGU (convex global underestimator) method. Here we use a simplified protein chain representation and a differentiable form of the Sun/Thomas/Dill energy function to test the CGU method. Standard search methods, such as Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics are slowed by kinetic traps. That is, the computer time depends more strongly on the shape of the energy landscape (dictated by the amino acid sequence) than on the number of degrees of freedom (dictated by the chain length). The CGU method is not subject to this limitation, since it explores the underside of the energy landscape, not the top. We find that the CGU computer time is largely independent of the monomer sequence for different chain folds and scales as O(n4) with chain length. By using different starting points, we show that the method appears to find global minima. Since we can currently find stable states of 36-residue chains in 2.4 hours, the method may be practical for small proteins.