gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Optimization of Plastic Injection Molding Process Based on Support Vector Machine and Genetic Algorithm (2008)

The paper presents the radial basis kernel parameters of the support vector machine (SVM) regression model employed to determine the complex and nonlinear relationships between the injection molding parameters and the defects of plastic injection molded parts, whereas genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to determine a set of optimal nuclear parameters for SVM. Then, an approximate analysis model is established, and it is proved effective by numerical examples of the plastic injection molded parts. All these explored an effective method of numerical simulation model for optimization of the plastic injection molding process.
The tumour-suppressor function of PTEN requires an N-terminal lipid-binding motif (2004)

The PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) tumour-suppressor protein is a phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase which antagonizes phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signalling by dephosphorylating PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Most tumour-derived point mutations of PTEN induce a loss of function, which correlates with profoundly reduced catalytic activity. However, here we characterize a point mutation at the N-terminus of PTEN, K13E from a human glioblastoma, which displayed wild-type activity when assayed in vitro. This mutation occurs within a conserved polybasic motif, a putative PtdIns(4,5)P2-binding site that may participate in membrane targeting of PTEN. We found that catalytic activity against lipid substrates and vesicle binding of wild-type PTEN, but not of PTEN K13E, were greatly stimulated by anionic lipids, especially PtdIns(4,5)P2. The K13E mutation also greatly reduces the efficiency with which anionic lipids inhibit PTEN activity against soluble substrates, supporting the hypothesis that non-catalytic membrane binding orientates the active site to favour lipid substrates. Significantly, in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, PTEN K13E failed either to prevent protein kinase B/Akt phosphorylation, or inhibit cell proliferation when expressed in PTEN-null U87MG cells. The cellular functioning of K13E PTEN was recovered by targeting to the plasma membrane through inclusion of a myristoylation site. Our results establish a requirement for the conserved N-terminal motif of PTEN for correct membrane orientation, cellular activity and tumour-suppressor function.
Context Aware Data-Driven Retrosynthetic Analysis (2020)

Modern drug discovery is an iterative process relying on hypothesis generation through exploitation of available data and hypothesis testing that produces informative results necessary for subsequent rounds of exploration. In this setting, hypothesis generation consists of designing chemical structures likely to meet the pharmaceutically relevant objectives of the discovery project pursued while hypothesis testing involves the compound synthesis and biological assays to query the hypothesis. While much attention has been placed on effective compound design, it is often the case that hypothesis generation efforts lead to novel chemical structure designs with no established chemical synthesis route. We introduce a chemical context aware data-driven method built upon millions of available reactions, with attractive run-time characteristics, to recommend synthetic routes matching a precedent-derived template. Coupled with modern automated synthesis platforms and available building block collections, the method enables drug discovery researchers to identify easy to interpret and implement routes for target compounds. Results of this in-house computer-aided synthesis platform termed ChemoPrint are presented here demonstrating how such tools can bridge chemical synthesis knowledge with synthetic resources and facilitate hypothesis testing, thereby reducing the time required to complete an idea-to-data drug discovery cycle.
Lab-on-a-chip for the isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells (2010)

A smart miniaturized system is being proposed for the isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) directly from blood. Different microfluidic modules have been designed for cell enrichment and -counting, multiplex mRNA amplification as well as DNA detection. With the different modules at hand, future effort will focus on the integration of the modules in a fully automated, single platform.
Collagen type III induced ex vivo thrombogenesis in humans. Role of platelets and leukocytes in deposition of fibrin. (1990)

Exposure of type III collagen coats on plastic cover slips in parallel-plate perfusion chambers to flowing nonanticoagulated human blood resulted in deposition of platelets and fibrin. Blood was drawn directly from an antecubital vein by an occlusive roller pump over the collagen coats in chambers having flow slits of different dimensions, so that wall shear rates of 100, 650, and 2600 s-1 were obtained at 10 ml/min. Coagulation was minimally activated during the passage of blood from the vein to the chamber as shown by fibrinopeptide A levels of 3.7 ng/ml after 5-minute perfusions. The surface coverage with platelets increased from 18% at 100 s-1 to 59% at 2600 s-1, and the corresponding thrombus volumes increased from 2 to 22 microns 3/microns 2, respectively. This contrasted with the coverage with fibrin on collagen, which decreased from 28% at 100 s-1 to 9% at 2600 s-1. Fibrin deposits on the thrombi covered 6% of the surface irrespective of the shear rate, indicating that some of the deposited platelets accelerated the deposition of fibrin. The type III collagen preparation did not activate factor XII and did not possess tissue factor activity, indicating that the surface itself was not procoagulant. However, a correlation between deposited leukocytes and surface coverage with fibrin was observed (r = 0.78, p less than 0.01), suggesting a role for these cells in the deposition of fibrin. The data demonstrate that thrombogenesis is triggered by pure type III collagen, although the deposition of fibrin is not initiated by the collagen itself but presumably by deposited leukocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrical characterization of Al x Ga 1-x N for UV photodetector applications (1999)

Ultraviolet photodetectors have many military and commercial applications. However, for many of these applications, the photodetectors must be solar blind. This means that the photodetectors must have a cutoff wavelength of less than about 270 nm. Semiconductor based devices would then need energy gaps of over 4.6 eV. In the Al<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>N system, the aluminum mole fraction, x, required is over 40%. As the energy gap is increased, doping becomes much more difficult, especially p-type doping. This report is a study of the electrical properties of Al<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>N to enable better control of the doping. Magnesium doped p-type Al<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1- x</SUB>N has been studied using high-temperature Hall effect measurements. The acceptor ionization energy has been found to increase substantially with the aluminum content. Short-period superlattices consisting of alternating layers of GaN:Mg and AlGaN:Mg were also grown by low-pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. The electrical properties of these superlattices were measured as a function of temperature and compared to conventional AlGaN:Mg layers. It is shown that the optical absorption edge can be shifted to shorter wavelengths while lowering the acceptor ionization energy by using short- period superlattice structures instead of bulk-like AlGaN:Mg. Silicon doped n-type films have also been studied.
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor modulation of neuronal K+ and Ca2+ currents: intracellular mechanisms (1996)

Angiotensin II (ANG II) elicits an ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated decrease in voltage-dependent K+ current (Ik) and an increase in voltage-dependent Ca2+ current (ICa) in neurons cocultured from newborn rat hypothalamus and brain stem. Modulation of these currents by ANG II involves intracellular messengers that result from an AT1 receptor-mediated stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. For example, the effects of ANG II on IK and ICa were abolished by phospholipase C antagonists. The reduction in IK produced by ANG II was attenuated by either protein kinase C (PKC) antagonists or by chelation of intracellular Ca2+. By contrast, PKC antagonism abolished the stimulatory effect of ANG II on ICa. Superfusion of the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate produced effects on IK and ICa similar to those observed after ANG II. Furthermore, intracellular application of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) elicited a significant reduction in IK. This suggests that the AT1 receptor-mediated changes in neuronal K+ and Ca2+ currents involve PKC (both IK and ICa) and IP3 and/or intracellular Ca2+ (IK).
Virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of bovine intramammary infections due to Staphylococcus aureus (1994)

Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative agent of intramammary infections in dairy cows. In this report, the pathogenesis of these infections is described. The potential role in virulence of S. aureus surface components (adhesins, protein A and capsular polysaccharides), toxins, extracellular enzymes and coagulase, and perspectives for the development of an efficient vaccine are discussed.
Stiffness Analysis of a 6-DOF Hybrid Robot (2015)

To meet the demanding in modular design of robotized devices for welding, cutting, deburring and polishing, etc, a novel 6-DOF hybrid robot compose of a plane symmetrical 3-UPU parallel mechanism plus a 3-DOF rotating head is presented. With a brief introduction to the architecture of the robot, a semi-analytical stiffness model of the 3-UPU parallel mechanism is formulated by analyzing the wrenches systems imposed by the UPU limbs upon the platform. This leads to the complete formulation of the static and deformation equations, resulting in a comprehensive stiffness model that accounts for the compliances of all limb components and joints. With the aid of this approach, the stiffness of a prototype machine throughout the entire task workspace is evaluated. The computational results are validated by the ANSYS at two typical configurations.
Interface technologies for versatile rapid-prototyping systems (2003)

In this paper we present the interface hardware of our rapid prototyping system. For automotive applications such as power window controller, electric sun roof and electric seat adjustment the use of powerful interfaces for the direct application of electric motors is obvious. With a small set of versatile configurable interface cards most interfaces for automotive control units can be represented. Therefore the first tests with new concepts can be made within hours without the slow process of additional hardware development.
Novel applications of trophic factors, Wnt and WISP for neuronal repair and regeneration in metabolic disease (2015)

Diabetes mellitus affects almost 350 million individuals throughout the globe resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Of further concern is the growing population of individuals that remain undiagnosed but are susceptible to the detrimental outcomes of this disorder. Diabetes mellitus leads to multiple complications in the central and peripheral nervous systems that include cognitive impairment, retinal disease, neuropsychiatric disease, cerebral ischemia, and peripheral nerve degeneration. Although multiple strategies are being considered, novel targeting of trophic factors, Wnt signaling, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1, and stem cell tissue regeneration are considered to be exciting prospects to overcome the cellular mechanisms that lead to neuronal injury in diabetes mellitus involving oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Pathways that involve insulin-like growth factor-1, fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and erythropoietin can govern glucose homeostasis and are intimately tied to Wnt signaling that involves Wnt1 and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (CCN4) to foster control over stem cell proliferation, wound repair, cognitive decline, β-cell proliferation, vascular regeneration, and programmed cell death. Ultimately, cellular metabolism through Wnt signaling is driven by primary metabolic pathways of the mechanistic target of rapamycin and AMP activated protein kinase. These pathways offer precise biological control of cellular metabolism, but are exquisitely sensitive to the different components of Wnt signaling. As a result, unexpected clinical outcomes can ensue and therefore demand careful translation of the mechanisms that govern neural repair and regeneration in diabetes mellitus.
59. Reduced cyclic compounds. Part VII. A new route to 2-substituted cyclopent-2-enones (1959)

M. F. Ansell and J. W. Ducker, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 329 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590000329
Improvement of cognitive deficits and decreased cholinergic neuronal cell loss and apoptotic cell death following neurotrophin infusion after experimental traumatic brain injury (1997)

This study explores the effects of infusion of nerve growth factor (NGF) on behavioral outcome and cell death in the septal region using the clinically relevant model of fluid-percussion brain injury in the rat. Animals were subjected to fluid-percussion brain injury and 24 hours later a miniosmotic pump was implanted to infuse NGF (12 animals) or vehicle (12 animals) directly into the region of maximum injury for 2 weeks. Four weeks postinjury the animals were tested for cognitive function using a Morris Water Maze paradigm. Neurological motor function was evaluated over a 4-week postinjury period. The rats receiving NGF infusions had significantly higher memory scores than vehicle-treated animals. Examination of the cholinergic neurons in the medial septal region using choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant cell loss after injury. Infusion of NGF significantly attenuated loss of these cholinergic neurons. A second group of animals was subjected to fluid-percussion brain injury alone (23 rats) or injury followed by NGF infusion (18 rats). These animals were killed between 24 hours and 2 weeks postinjury and the septal region was examined for the presence of apoptotic cells using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated-deoxyuridinetriphosphate nick-end labeling technique. Apoptotic cells were identified as early as 24 hours postinjury; their numbers peaked at 4 and 7 days, and then declined by 14 days. The NGF-treated animals had some apoptotic cells; however, even at 7 days there were significantly fewer of these cells. No significant motor differences were observed between the NGF- and vehicle-treated groups. These data indicate that NGF administration beginning 24 hours after fluid-percussion brain injury has a beneficial effect on cognition and results in sparing of cholinergic septal neurons. These improvements persist after cessation of NGF administration. The beneficial effects of NGF may be related to its ability to attenuate traumatically induced apoptotic cell death.
Review of Sub-Nanosecond Time-Interval Measurements (1973)

A review of time-interval measurements in the sub-nanosecond regime is presented and the various methods are compared as to their precision, stability, resolution, and other essential parameters. Calibration methods, stabilization, and correction for time walk are also discussed.
Synthesis of hybrid molecules between heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin B subunits: potential for use in a broad-spectrum vaccine (1996)

Three variants of the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) were generated by site-specific mutagenesis in which regions of the mature protein were altered to the composition found at the corresponding positions of the closely related B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (LTB). The mutant proteins were expressed in Vibrio cholerae and purified from the growth medium. In the first of the mutant proteins, the first 25 amino acids corresponded to the sequence found in LTB, and in the second, changes were made at positions 94 and 95 of the mature protein. The third mutant protein combined the changes made in the first two. Analysis of the immunological properties of these novel proteins by using monoclonal antibodies and absorbed polyclonal antiserum demonstrated that they had acquired LTB-specific epitopes. Immunizations with the mutant proteins resulted in antisera containing LTB-specific as well as CTB-specific and cross-reactive antibodies. The sera were also found to be more strongly cross-reactive in the in vitro neutralization of both cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin than were antisera raised against either CTB or LTB. The results suggest that such hybrid CTB-LTB proteins may be useful in a broad-spectrum vaccine against enterotoxin-induced diarrhea.
Development and Research of Automotive Engine Fault Diagnosis Expert System (2005)

In order to suit the demand of market, regarded DELPHI as developing tool and developed automotive engine fault diagnoses expert system. On the basis of the complexity of engine fault and the principle of computer data structure, adopting the data structure of the fault tree and the principle of relationship database to complete the express of knowledge, set up the knowledge base and the inference engine, realized determinate and indeterminate fault diagnose. Try to realize the application of network fault diagnosis expert system based on ASP in the commercial net-station of a automobile company.
An Agent-based, Global User Interface for Distributed Geographic Information Services (1998)

This paper establishes an architecture for global user interfaces by defining appropriate user tasks and designing an agent-based interface mechanism for distributed geographic information services. User tasks include query, display, data integration, and GIS processing functions. The use of intelligent software agents is justified in the context of increasing geospatial data volume, increasing complexity of GIS modeling, and the diversity of GIS software resources available on local and distributed networks. The architecture is defined within a context of distributed component technology. Internet-based GIS use can be facilitated by a global user interface, which is platform-independent, modularized, self-describing, and able to access multiple, heterogeneous, geographic information services ( GIServices ) distributed on the Internet. Keywords:
Increased Rates of Drug Abuse and Dependence After Onset of Mood or Anxiety Disorders in Adolescence (1994)

These findings highlight the need for future prospective studies of children and adolescents to date the onset of mental disorders and substance use disorders. If prospective studies can confirm the apparent pattern of substance use disorders occurring subsequent to mental disorders, prevention and treatment strategies for youth at risk should be developed.
LAN interconnection and videoconferencing applications via ITALSAT satellite (1993)

In the frame of the CNR Telecommunication Project, the task to implement a pilot satellite network to provide LAN-to-LAN and videoconference applications has been identified. The pilot network will support an experiment to verify the performances of the considered applications through a satellite system. The system ground segment consists of a FDMA-SCPC DAMA/PAMA network developed by Alenia Spazio. The network architecture and relevant control procedures are described. The Earth terminals are equipped with a multirate modem developed by Siemens Telecomunicazioni. The system Space segment is based on 20/30 GHz ITALSAT Global Coverage Payload. The preliminary results of the experimental analysis performed by the pilot network are given. >
Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Sulfonamido-based [<sup>11</sup>C-<i>Carbonyl</i>]-Carbamates and Ureas for Imaging Monoacylglycerol Lipase (2016)

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a 33 kDa member of the serine hydrolase superfamily that preferentially degrades 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) to arachidonic acid in the endocannabinoid system. Inhibition of MAGL is not only of interest for probing the cannabinoid pathway but also as a therapeutic and diagnostic target for neuroinflammation. Limited attempts have been made to image MAGL in vivo and a suitable PET ligand for this target has yet to be identified and is urgently sought to guide small molecule drug development in this pathway. Herein we synthesized and evaluated the physiochemical properties of an array of eleven sulfonamido-based carbamates and ureas with a series of terminal aryl moieties, linkers and leaving groups. The most potent compounds were a novel MAGL inhibitor, N-((1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carbonyl)piperidin-4-yl) methyl)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (TZPU; IC50 = 35.9 nM), and the known inhibitor 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl 4-(((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonamido) methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (SAR127303; IC50 = 39.3 nM), which were also shown to be selective for MAGL over fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and cannabinoid receptors (CB1 & CB2). Both of these compounds were radiolabeled with carbon-11 via [(11)C]COCl2, followed by comprehensive ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo PET imaging studies in normal rats to determine their brain permeability, specificity, clearance and metabolism. Whereas TZPU did not show adequate specificity to warrant further evaluation, [(11)C]SAR127303 was advanced for preliminary PET neuroimaging studies in nonhuman primate. The tracer showed good brain permeability (ca. 1 SUV) and heterogeneous regional brain distribution which is consistent with the distribution of MAGL.
Protocol for the Examination of Specimens From Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma, Including Intrahepatic Bile Ducts (2000)

Abstract No Abstract Available
General Approach for Chaotic Synchronization with Applications to Communication (1995)

A general approach for constructing chaotic synchronized dynamical systems is discussed that is based on a decomposition of given systems into active and passive parts. As a possible application we consider an improved encoding method where the information signal is injected into the dynamical system of the transmitter. Furthermore, we show how to design in a systematic way high-dimensional synchronized systems that may be used for efficient hyperchaotic encoding of information.
Deacylation of acylamino compounds other than penicillins by the cell-bound penicillin acylase of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1969)

1. The action of the penicillin acylase enzyme of Escherichia coli N.C.I.B. 8743 on non-penicillin substrates suggests that the enzyme is an amidohydrolase. 2. The rates of hydrolysis for a small group of penicillins closely parallel those for a corresponding series of N-acylglycines. 3. For a series of E. coli strains, ability to cause rapid hydrolysis of phenylacetylglycine is correlated with ability to hydrolyse benzylpenicillin. 4. Amides and N-acylglycines are hydrolysed to the corresponding acids. The phenylacetyl group is hydrolysed most readily. Benzamide and beta-phenylpropionamide are not substrates. In a series of aliphatic acylglycines only valeryl- and hexanoyl-glycine are substrates. 5. Acylated l- but not d-alpha-amino acids are hydrolysed. d-alpha-Hydroxyphenylacetamide is a better substrate than the l compound.