gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A unique program for cell death in xylem fibers of <i>Populus</i> stem (2008)

Maturation of the xylem elements involves extensive deposition of secondary cell-wall material and autolytic processes resulting in cell death. We describe here a unique type of cell-death program in xylem fibers of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) stems, including gradual degradative processes in both the nucleus and cytoplasm concurrently with the phase of active cell-wall deposition. Nuclear DNA integrity, as determined by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) and Comet (single-cell gel electrophoresis) assays, was compromised early during fiber maturation. In addition, degradation of the cytoplasmic contents, as detected by electron microscopy of samples fixed by high-pressure freezing/freeze substitution (HPF-FS), was gradual and resulted in complete loss of the cytoplasmic contents well before the loss of vacuolar integrity, which is considered to be the moment of death. This type of cell death differs significantly from that seen in xylem vessels. The loss of vacuolar integrity, which is thought to initiate cell degradative processes in the xylem vessels, is one of the last processes to occur before the final autolysis of the remaining cell contents in xylem fibers. High-resolution microarray analysis in the vascular tissues of Populus stem, combined with in silico analysis of publicly available data repositories, suggests the involvement of several previously uncharacterized transcription factors, ethylene, sphingolipids and light signaling as well as autophagy in the control of fiber cell death.
Cardiac Hemodynamic Monitoring in the Subcutaneous Space : A pre-clinical proof-of-concept (2018)

Measuring cardiac hemodynamics subcutaneously offers a novel and minimally-invasive means of monitoring mechanical heart performance. Four accelerometer-based hemodynamic sensors were implanted at various subcutaneous sites of the thorax in one dog. Three of the sensors were on the tips of cardiac pacing leads, one was embedded inside an inactive pacemaker device can. The first heart sound could be well identified and its amplitude quantified in all subcutaneous sensors on a beat-to-beat basis. Its magnitude was comparable to that of the external signal, and about half that of the intracardiac signal. It also correlated well to cardiac contractility during transient pharmacologically induced hemodynamic challenges. This is the first evidence that heart sounds can be measured in the subcutaneous space to monitor heart function.
Detection of AC magnetic signals by parametric mode coupling in a mechanical oscillator (1996)

Parametric coupling has been demonstrated between mechanical vibration modes in a magnet-tipped microcantilever. An external magnetic field, coupled to the magnetic tip, pumps the effective spring constant at a frequency which is either the sum or the difference of the mode resonance frequencies. The presence of the pump field can be detected by driving one mode and observing the parametrically pumped excitation of the other mode, even though the pump frequency is off-resonance with respect to both mechanical modes. In a room temperature experimental realization, the magnetic flux coupling the pump field to the tip was approximately one flux quantum and the dominant noise source was the thermal vibration of the cantilever. Parametric mode coupling is a useful new design option in magnetic resonance force microscopy, whereby modulation is advantageously performed off-resonance to avoid parasitic excitations caused by stray couplings. Parametric coupling also provides a low-noise technique for amplifying mechanical oscillations. The reported experiment completes the set of all possible force microscope interaction Hamiltonians up to third order in time-dependent fields.
Effect of taurine on sarcoplasmic reticulum function and force in skinned fast‐twitch skeletal muscle fibres of the rat (2002)

We examined the effect of taurine on depolarisation-induced force responses and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function in mechanically skinned skeletal muscle fibres from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of the rat. Taurine (20 mM) produced a small but significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca(2+) (increase in the [Ca(2+)] corresponding to 50 % of maximum force of about 7 %; n = 10) and in maximum force (92.0 +/- 1.0 % of controls) in the skinned fibres. Taurine had no statistically significant effect on the slope of the force-pCa curve. Depolarisation-induced force responses in the skinned fibres were markedly increased in peak value by 20 mM taurine, to 120.8 +/- 5.3 % of control measurements (P = 0.0006, n = 27). Taurine (20 mM) significantly increased the SR Ca(2+) accumulation in the skinned fibres by 34.6 +/- 9.3 % compared to control conditions (measured by comparing the integral of caffeine contractures in fibres previously loaded with Ca(2+) in the absence or presence of taurine; P = 0.0014, n = 10). Taurine (20 mM) also increased both the peak and rate of rise of caffeine-induced force responses in the fibres by 29.2 +/- 9.7 % (P = 0.0298, n = 6) and 27.6 +/- 8.9 % (P = 0.037), respectively, compared with controls. This study shows that taurine is a modulator of contractile function in mammalian skeletal muscle. Taurine may increase the size of depolarisation-induced force responses by augmenting SR Ca(2+) accumulation and release.
Update on Diagnosis and Management of Essential Thrombocythemia (2006)

Patients with essential thrombocythemia carry a high risk for thromboembolic and bleeding events but they have an almost normal life expectancy. A careful evaluation of the medical history and an exact diagnosis is mandatory to estimate each patient's risk for morbidity and to choose the most appropriate treatment measure. In patients with the need of cytoreductive therapy, the benefits of therapy have to outweigh the potential risks of drug toxicities. Hydroxyurea is the most useful cytoreductive drug for elderly patients; in younger persons, interferon alpha or anagrelide may be the drugs of choice. The combination of anagrelide with acetylsalicylic acid may be contraindicated in patients with a history of bleeding.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Ameliorates the Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis (2005)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a role in cell protection, antiapoptosis, antifibrosis, and angiogenesis. However, the role of HGF in the immune system is not well defined. We examined the influence of HGF on T cells and the effects of HGF therapy in acute myocarditis. Lewis rats were immunized on day 0 with cardiac myosin to establish experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). Human HGF gene with hemagglutinating virus of the Japan-envelope vector was injected directly into the myocardium on day 0 or on day 14 (two groups of treated rats). Rats were killed on day 21. Expression of c-Met/HGF receptor in splenocytes and myocardial infiltrating cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining or FACS analysis. Myocarditis-affected areas were smaller in the treated rats than in control rats. Cardiac function in the treated rats was markedly improved. An antigen-specific T cell proliferation assay was done with CD4-positive T cells isolated from control rats stimulated with cardiac myosin. HGF suppressed T cell proliferation and production of IFN-gamma and increased production of IL-4 and IL-10 secreted from CD4-positive T cells in vitro. Additionally, TUNEL assay revealed that HGF reduced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. HGF reduced the severity of EAM by inducing T helper 2 cytokines and suppressing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. HGF has potential as a new therapy for myocarditis.
A Test Technique for the Component Customization Failure (2000)

The test technique for the failure caused by interaction between the customized interface and core function is necessary. We propose a component customization test technique by using the fault injection technique and the mutation test case selection technique. Our technique injects fault into where the customization failure may take place and selects the test case that differentiates the fault-injected component from the customized-component. Therefore, our test case has a good fault-detectability and can reduce the testing time by injecting a fault only into a place where the customization failure may take place in the interface.
Adversarial Neural Network Inversion via Auxiliary Knowledge Alignment (2019)

The rise of deep learning technique has raised new privacy concerns about the training data and test data. In this work, we investigate the model inversion problem in the adversarial settings, where the adversary aims at inferring information about the target model's training data and test data from the model's prediction values. We develop a solution to train a second neural network that acts as the inverse of the target model to perform the inversion. The inversion model can be trained with black-box accesses to the target model. We propose two main techniques towards training the inversion model in the adversarial settings. First, we leverage the adversary's background knowledge to compose an auxiliary set to train the inversion model, which does not require access to the original training data. Second, we design a truncation-based technique to align the inversion model to enable effective inversion of the target model from partial predictions that the adversary obtains on victim user's data. We systematically evaluate our inversion approach in various machine learning tasks and model architectures on multiple image datasets. Our experimental results show that even with no full knowledge about the target model's training data, and with only partial prediction values, our inversion approach is still able to perform accurate inversion of the target model, and outperform previous approaches.
Contested Meanings: Earth Religion Practitioners and the Everyday (2000)

In many ‘traditional’ cultures, religion and magic are not easily separated from people’s everyday existence. Today, an increasing number of people within North America are drawn to some form of earth-centred spirituality, whether as solitary  practitioners or members of Neopagan circles, Wicca covens, Heathen kindreds or Druid groves. For many of these people, religion and spirituality do not form a closed category of their experience: they inform, and are formed by, events of their lives as distinct or diverse as childbirth, gardening, social protest, sexual expression, and everyday occupations of work and leisure
Better detection of <em>Demodex </em>mites by L&ouml;ffler&rsquo;s alkaline methylene blue staining in patients with blepharitis (2018)

The methylene blue staining method is a simple and useful method in detecting the presence and quantifying the number of <i>Demodex</i> mites. We recommend the methylene blue staining method not only for the diagnosis of the presence of <i>Demodex</i> mites but also to evaluate the therapeutic effects of medications to eliminate the mite infestation.
Software Engineering Metrics: What Do They Measure and How Do We Know? (2004)

Abstract—Construct validity is about the question, how we know that we&apos;re measuring the attribute that we think we&apos;re measuring? This is discussed in formal, theoretical ways in the computing literature (in terms of the representational theory of measurement) but rarely in simpler ways that foster application by practitioners. Construct validity starts with a thorough analysis of the construct, the attribute we are attempting to measure. In the IEEE Standard 1061, direct measures need not be validated. &quot;Direct &quot; measurement of an attribute involves a metric that depends only on the value of the attribute, but few or no software engineering attributes or tasks are so simple that measures of them can be direct. Thus, all metrics should be validated. The paper continues with a framework for evaluating proposed metrics, and applies it to two uses of bug counts. Bug counts capture only a small part of the meaning of the attributes they are being used to measure. Multidimensional analyses of attributes appear promising as a means of capturing the quality of the attribute in question. Analysis fragments run throughout the paper, illustrating the breakdown of an attribute or task of interest into sub-attributes for grouped study.
Scene-based Wave-front Sensing for Remote Imaging (2003)

Scene-based wave-front sensing (SBWFS) is a technique that allows an arbitrary scene to be used for wave-front sensing with adaptive optics (AO) instead of the normal point source. This makes AO feasible in a wide range of interesting scenarios. This paper first presents the basic concepts and properties of SBWFS. Then it discusses that application of this technique with AO to remote imaging. For the specific case of correction of a lightweight optic. End-to-end simulation results establish that in this case, SBWFS can perform as well as point-source AO. Design considerations such as noise propagation, number of subapertures and tracking changing image content are analyzed.
The Multisubunit IκB Kinase Complex Shows Random Sequential Kinetics and Is Activated by the C-terminal Domain of IκBα (1998)

The multisubunit IkappaB kinase (IKK) catalyzes the signal-inducible phosphorylation of N-terminal serines of IkappaB. This phosphorylation is the key step in regulating the subsequent ubiquitination and proteolysis of IkappaB, which then releases NF-kappaB to promote gene transcription. As measured by 33P incorporation into a GST-IkappaB alpha fusion protein, varying both the concentration of GST-IkappaB alpha and [gamma-33P]ATP resulted in a kinetic pattern consistent with a random, sequential binding mechanism. Values of 55 nM and 7 microM were obtained for the dissociation constants of GST-IkappaB alpha and ATP, respectively. The value of alpha, a factor by which binding of one substrate changes the dissociation constant for the other substrate, was determined to be 0.11. This indicates that the two substrates bind in a cooperative fashion. Peptides corresponding to either amino acids 26-42 (N-terminal peptide) or amino acids 279-303 (C-terminal peptide) of IkappaB alpha inhibited the IKK-catalyzed phosphorylation of GST-IkappaB alpha; the C-terminal peptide, unexpectedly, was more potent. The inhibition by the C-terminal peptide was competitive with respect to GST-IkappaB alpha and mixed with respect to ATP, which verified the sequential binding mechanism. The C-terminal peptide was also a substrate for the enzyme, and a dissociation constant of 2.9-6.2 microM was obtained. Additionally, the N-terminal peptide was a substrate (Km = 140 microM). Competitive inhibition of the IKK-catalyzed phosphorylation of the C-terminal peptide by the N-terminal peptide indicated that the peptides are phosphorylated by the same active site. Surprisingly, the presence of the C-terminal peptide greatly accelerated the rate of phosphorylation of the N-terminal peptide as represented by a 160-fold increase in the apparent second-order rate constant (kcat/Km). These results are consistent with an allosteric site present within IKK that recognizes the C terminus of IkappaB alpha and activates the enzyme. This previously unobserved interaction with the C terminus may represent an important mechanism by which the enzyme recognizes and phosphorylates IkappaB.
Research progress on dam-break floods (2011)

Because of the catastrophic effects downstream of dam-break failure, more and more researchers around the world have been working on the study of dam-break flows to accurately forecast the downstream inundation mapping. With the rapid development of computer hardware and computing techniques, numerical study on dam-break flows has been a popular research subject. In the paper, the numerical methodologies used to solve the governing partial differential equations of dam-break flows are classified and summarized, and their characteristics and applications are discussed respectively. Furthermore, the fully-developed mathematical models developed in recent decades are reviewed, and also introduced the authors' on-going work. Finally, some possible future developments on modeling the dam-break flows and some solutions are presented and discussed.
Mass transfer on a single sieve plate column operated with periodic cycling (1978)

Abstract A single sieve plate column operated with periodic cycling was mathematically modeled using the assumption of zero weeping rate and plug flow of liquid during the liquid drain period. Zero weeping rates could only be obtained by introducing baffles to control fluid oscillations on the plate. Experimental measurements of the ratio of the slopes of the equilibrium and operating lines λ, the Murphree plate efficiency ε, the fraction of the liquid holdup transferred per cycle η, and the separation factor X on a computer controlled column provided the first reliable confirmation of the improvements in separating ability, predicted by the theory.
Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro- RNA genes <i>miR15</i> and <i>miR16</i> at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2002)

Micro-RNAs (miR genes) are a large family of highly conserved noncoding genes thought to be involved in temporal and tissue-specific gene regulation. MiRs are transcribed as short hairpin precursors ( approximately 70 nt) and are processed into active 21- to 22-nt RNAs by Dicer, a ribonuclease that recognizes target mRNAs via base-pairing interactions. Here we show that miR15 and miR16 are located at chromosome 13q14, a region deleted in more than half of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL). Detailed deletion and expression analysis shows that miR15 and miR16 are located within a 30-kb region of loss in CLL, and that both genes are deleted or down-regulated in the majority ( approximately 68%) of CLL cases.
Aufbau und Eigenschaften der Materie (1989)

Die Materie ist aus Elementarteilchen, d.h. aus Protonen (p), Neutronen (n) und Elektronen (e) zusammengesetzt. Zu den charakteristischen Merkmalen eines Elementarteilchens gehören die elektrische Ladung e, die Masse m, der Drehimpuls s und das magnetische Moment μ.
Security of quantum key distribution with imperfect devices (2004)

We prove the security of the Bennett-Brassard (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol in the case where the source and detector are under the limited control of an adversary. Our proof applies when both the source and the detector have small basis-dependent flaws, as is typical in practical implementations of the protocol. We derive a general lower bound on the asymptotic key generation rate for weakly basis-dependent eavesdropping attacks, and also estimate the rate in some special cases: sources that emit weak coherent states with random phases, detectors with basis-dependent efficiency, and misaligned sources and detectors.
Relation Between Synchronizability and Hybrid Ratios in LUHVGM (2012)

We calculated the relation between synchronizability and hybrid ratios (dr, fd, gr) for LUHVGM under different α as shown in Fig. 1. In the Fig. 1a (fd=0.5 and gr=0.5) the curves of R fall, in the Fig.1b (fd=0.5 and dr=1) and Fig. 1c (gr=0.5 and dr=1) the curves of R rise. The increasing of dr ratio means the increasing of deterministic preferential attachment or decreasing of random preferential attachment, it will cause the new nodes connecting to the old nodes in the network. The increasing of fd ratio means the
Reduced coherence, stability, and temporal overlap requirements for holography (1991)

We demonstrate that the conventional requirements for hologram formation can be substantially relaxed by interfering two independent local reference beam holograms in a photorefractive medium.
Correction and Characterization of Radio Frequency Interference Signatures in L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Data (2013)

Radio frequency interference (RFI) is a known issue in low-frequency radar remote sensing. In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image processing, RFI can cause severe degradation of image quality, distortion of polarimetric signatures, and an increase of the SAR phase noise level. To address this issue, a processing system was developed that is capable of reliably detecting, characterizing, and mitigating RFI signatures in SAR observations. In addition to being the basis for image correction, the robust RFI-detection algorithms developed in this paper are used to retrieve a wealth of RFI-related information that allows for mapping, characterizing, and classifying RFI signatures across large spatial scales. The extracted RFI information is expected to be valuable input for SAR-system design, sensor operations, and the development of effective RFI-mitigation strategies. The concepts of RFI detection, analysis, and mapping are outlined. Large-scale RFI mapping results are shown. In case studies, the benefit of detailed RFI information for customized RFI filtering and sensor operations is exemplified.
A new helmet testing method to assess potential damages in the Brain and the head due to rotational energy (2014)

Preservation and protection of the head segment is of upmost importance due to the criticality of the functions entailed in this section of the body by the brain and the nervous system. Numerous events in daily life situations such as transportation and sports pose threats of injuries that may end or change a person’s life.In the European Union, statistics report that almost 4.2 million of road users are injured non-fatally, out of which 18% is represented by motorcyclist and 40% by cyclists, being head injuries 34% for bicyclists, and 24% for two-wheeled motor vehicles. Not only vehicles, are a source of injuries for the human head according to the injury report, 6,1 million people are admitted in hospitals for sports related injuries, where sports such as hockey, swimming, cycling presented head injuries up to 28%, 25% and 16% respectively (European Association for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, 2013). According to records the vast majority of head crashes result in an oblique impact (Thibault & Gennarelli, 1985). These types of impacts are characterized for involving a rotation of the head segment which is correlated with serious head injuries. Even though there is plenty of evidence suggesting the involvement of rotational forces current helmet development standards and regulations fail to recognize their importance and account only for translational impact tests.This thesis contains an evaluation for a different developed method for testing oblique impacts. In consequence a new test rig was constructed with basis on a guided free fall of a helmeted dummy head striking an oblique (angled) anvil which will induce rotation.The results obtained are intended to be subjected to a comparison with another oblique test rig that performs experiments utilizing a movable sliding plate which when impacted induces the rotation of a dropped helmeted dummy head. The outcome will solidify the presence of rotational forces at head-anvil impact and offer an alternative testing method.After setting up the new test rig; experiments were conducted utilizing bicycle helmets varying the velocities before impact from 5m/s to 6m/s crashing an angled anvil of 45°. Results showed higher peak resultant values for rotational accelerations and rotational velocities in the new test rig compared to the movable plate impact test, indicating that depending on the impact situation the “Normal Force” has a direct effect on the rotational components. On the other hand a performed finite element analysis predicted that the best correlation between both methods is when the new angled anvil impact test is submitted to crashes with a velocity before impact of 6 m/s at 45° and the movable sliding impact test to a resultant velocity vector of 7,6m/s with an angle of 30° .In conclusion the new test method is meant to provide a comparison between two different test rigs that will undoubtedly have a part in the analysis for helmet and head safety improvements.