gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and control strategy of robotic spinal surgical system (2011)

Spinal surgery has its specifications. Different from minimal invasive like laparoscope surgery, there is no complex operations such as sewing, cutting or clamping. It is more important for spinal surgery to locate precisely and to keep reliable during operation. Robotic spinal surgical system (RSSS) is designed upon these principles. Tracking and navigation system in RSSS ensures high positioning accuracy, and structure of robot guarantees the safety and reliability of RSSS. Moreover, with new implements in surgery, procedure of surgery must be redesigned. In this paper, we discuss a new robotic surgical system for spinal surgery, including a complete system with tracing system, navigation system, robot. Relative kinematics, control strategy are discussed and a new procedure of surgery is designed with RSSS.
Fermentation of a low VFA wastewater in an activated primary tank (2002)

A low volatile fatty acid wastewater from a Barcelona residential area was prefermented in a laboratory-scale primary clarifier operated as a prefermenter -an activated primary tank. Total suspended solids (TSS), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and temperature were measured in the prefermenter. Influent and effluent were characterised through chemical oxygen demand (COD), soluble COD, volatile fatty acids (VFA), VFA potential, soluble PO4-P, NH4-N, pH and alkalinity. Solids retention times (SRT) of 5 d and 10 d were tested. Best results were obtained for the 5 d SRT with the prefermenter covered for better temperature and ORP control. For these conditions, COD solubilisation was measured as 22 mg COD/l, 66 mg COD/g influent particulate COD, or 91 mg COD/g influent VSS. VFA-formation was measured as 34 mg VFA-COD/l, 142 mg VFA-COD/g influent VSS, or 77 mg VFA-COD/g influent COD. These values indicate remarkable solubilisation and fermentation in the prefermenter. The VFA/PO4-P ratio was improved from 0.9 to 5.5 mg VFA-COD/mg PO4-P, but did not approach the recommended value for biological P removal (20 mg/mg). VFA production could not reach the influent VFA-potential either (110 mg VFA-COD/l) and VFA-potential was lower in effluent than in influent. With a 5 d SRT and the prefermenter uncovered, a small VFA formation and no solubilisation were observed. This was interpreted as the VFA being formed from the influent soluble COD. With a 10 d SRT, a very low ORP was measured. Neither solubilisation nor VFA production were detected in the prefermenter. Concurrent acidogenic fermentation and methanogenesis are compatible with these results. P and N solubilisation was low or moderate in the prefermenter over all periods, and increased with increasing SRT and TSS, and decreasing ORP, and pH and alkalinity were quite stable, due to the high influent alkalinity and the moderate VFA formation and N solubilisation. WaterSA Vol.28(1) 2002: 89-98
Disseminated intravascular coagulation due to IgM‐mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia (2011)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) due to red cell hemolysis has been previously attributed to transfusion-related hemolytic reactions, but not to autoimmune hemolytic anemia. We report a case of DIC in a child with complement-fixing IgM-mediated cold-agglutinin autoimmune hemolysis, which resulted in arterial thrombosis and gangrene of the upper and lower extremities.
Ultrasonic Characterization of EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coatings Irradiated by HIPIB (2008)

High-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) irradiation at 300 A/cm2 with a shot number of 1, and 5 was performed on the coatings and caused the modification of properties. Porosity and rough surface of EB-PVD (Electron Beam-Physical Vapor Deposition) deposited ZrO2-7%Y2O3 coatings with the thickness of 150 μm on heat-resistant steel have been characterized using the ultrasonic reflection coefficient phase spectrum. With increasing the shot number, the surface remelting and ablating filled gaps and caves between columns, and induced more uniform and compact structure. The ultrasonic measurement was investigated using immersion focusing pulse echo method with a 10 MHz transducer. The ultrasonic reflection coefficient related to frequency, velocity and attenuation coefficient were analyzed based on the acoustic transmission model in a multi-layered structure. For the as-deposited coating and coatings irradiated by HIPIB with the shot number of 1 and 5, the ultrasonic velocity changed from 2950 to 3170, and 3255 m/s respectively. The relationship between the attenuation coefficient and the frequency has been deduced based on the numerical fitting of the phase spectrum. The corresponded expressions are 1.35 α = 0.105 f , 1.2 α = 0.045 f and 1.14 α = 0.035 f , which displays that the attenuation coefficient decreases with the increasing of shot number. The ultrasonic results are in agreement with SEM observations, which have indicated that the coatings became denser and uniform with increasing the shot number. From the velocity and attenuation coefficient, the density, porosity, and microcracks of the coatings can be nondestructively evaluated utilizing the method of this paper.
Ueber das Aethylenimin (Spermin?) (1888)

in Glaskugeln destillirte 5 ) .
ChemInform Abstract: SILVER COMPLEXES CONTAINING PYRAZINE N‐OXIDES AS LIGANDS (1975)

Abstract Die Pyrazin‐N‐oxide, die nach Literaturmethoden dargestellt wurden, reagieren in äthanolischer Lösung mit Ag‐nitrat in Wasser im Verhältnis 2: l zu den Verbindungen (I) und (II), deren Struktur nach IR‐Schwingungen zugeordnet wurden.
Suggested Blocks: Using Neural Networks To Aid Novice Programmers In App Inventor (2018)

MIT App Inventor is a programming environment in which users build Android applications by connecting blocks together. Because its main audience is beginner programmers, it is important that users are given the proper guidance and instruction to successfully become creators. In order to offer this help, App Inventor provides text-based tutorials that describe the workflow of example programs to users. However, studies have shown that out-of-context help such as tutorials has little to no effect on learning, and when given the choice, users prefer in-context hints and suggestions. In order for users to overcome some of the barriers with self-training, we need to provide them with relevant information and in-context suggestions. Therefore, I am introducing Suggested Blocks, a data-driven model that leverages machine learning to provide users with relevant suggestions of which blocks to include in their programs.\nIn this project, I focused on developing the neural networks to power a suggested blocks system. Using original apps from real App Inventor users, I developed a set of experiments to discover plausible vector representations of the data, including tree traversals, n-grams, tree structures, as well as different network architectures to generate the best possible block suggestions for the users. The objective is not only to be accurate, but to provide suggestions that are sensible, relevant, and most importantly, educational. When simulating the best model on reconstructing an original project from a novice user, suggesting only 10 blocks at a time, the user would be able to drag-and-drop 60% of her blocks straight form the Suggested Blocks drawer. Overall, the results show promise for a future implementation of a Suggested Blocks system.
SmoothSketch (2006)

We introduce SmoothSketch---a system for inferring plausible 3D free-form shapes from visible-contour sketches. In our system, a user's sketch need not be a simple closed curve as in Igarashi's Teddy [1999], but may have cusps and T-junctions, i.e., endpoints of hidden parts of the contour. We follow a process suggested by Williams [1994] for inferring a smooth solid shape from its visible contours: completion of hidden contours, topological shape reconstruction, and smoothly embedding the shape via relaxation. Our main contribution is a practical method to go from a contour drawing to a fairly smooth surface with that drawing as its visible contour. In doing so, we make several technical contributions: • extending Williams' and Mumford's work [Mumford 1994] on figural completion of hidden contours containing T-junctions to contours containing cusps as well, • characterizing a class of visible-contour drawings for which inflation can be proved possible, • finding a topological embedding of the combinatorial surface that Williams creates from the figural completion, and • creating a fairly smooth solid shape by smoothing the topological embedding using a mass-spring system.We handle many kinds of drawings (including objects with holes), and the generated shapes are plausible interpretations of the sketches. The method can be incorporated into any sketch-based free-form modeling interface like Teddy.
Effects of Treatment with Anti-immunoglobulin E Antibody Omalizumab on Airway Inflammation in Allergic Asthma (2004)

IgE plays an important role in allergic asthma. We hypothesized that reducing IgE in the airway mucosa would reduce airway inflammation. Forty-five patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma with sputum eosinophilia of 2% or more were treated with humanized monoclonal antibody against IgE (omalizumab) (n = 22) or placebo (n = 23) for 16 weeks. Outcomes included inflammatory cells in induced sputum and bronchial biopsies, and methacholine responsiveness. Treatment with omalizumab resulted in marked reduction of serum IgE and a reduction of IgE+ cells in the airway mucosa. The mean percentage sputum eosinophil count decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from 6.6 to 1.7% in the omalizumab group, a reduction significantly (p = 0.05) greater than with placebo (8.5 to 7.0%). This was associated with a significant reduction in tissue eosinophils; cells positive for the high-affinity Fc receptor for IgE; CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes; B lymphocytes; and cells staining for interleukin-4, but not with improvement in airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. This study shows antiinflammatory effects of omalizumab treatment and provides clues for mechanisms whereby omalizumab reduces asthma exacerbations and other asthma outcomes in more severe asthma. The lack of effect of omalizumab on methacholine responsiveness suggests that IgE or eosinophils may not be causally linked to airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in mild to moderate asthma.
APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC POWDER FOR MAGNETIC FIELD SENSING ELEMENTS ê (2005)

Multi-mode optical fiber with magnetic composite coating was investigated as an optical fiber sensor for magnetic field sensing. The optical fiber magnet sensor element presented in this paper was constructed on the base of intensity-based optical fiber vibration sensors. The commercial multi-mode optical fiber was coated with magnetic composite. The composite coating was formed with dispersions of permanent magnet powder of Nd-Fe-B in poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)-Eva solutions in toluene. The composite coating can be made by adapting the existing process of manufacturing optical fibers in stage in which polymer coating is applied to the drawn fiber. The sensed parameter – magnetic field acts upon the magnetic particles present in the polymer coating layer of the optical fiber in such a way that the action modifies the optical propagation characteristics of the optical fiber. The influence of the applied external magnetic field on the change of intensity of the light signal propagate through developed optical fibers were investigated. In this paper the influence of the magnetic powder and particle size on the optical propagation characteristics of optical fiber were particularly investigated. Sensor element that was constructed was very sensitive for external magnetic field, and completely reversible.
Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)-Malbrancheamide B (2013)

The asymmetric total synthesis of the chlorinated [2.2.2]-diazabicyclic indole alkaloid (+)-malbrancheamide B is reported. Key to the synthesis is a domino reaction sequence that employs an aldol condensation, alkene isomerization, and intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Diastereofacial selection between the azadiene stereofaces is enforced with a chiral aminal auxiliary. A formal 7-step (longest linear route) synthesis of (±)-malbrancheamide B is also reported.
Growth Factors and Gene Transfer with DNA Strand Technique in Tendon Healing (2002)

Growth factors are likely to be critically involved in all aspects of tendon healing and many studies, in vitro and in vivo, have tried to define the role of growth factors in this process, and to determine appropriate strategies for their use in tissue engineering to improve the healing of tendons. Gene transfer, with DNA strand technique, may offer the optimal vehicle for growth factor delivery to improve tendon healing. In this article, we will discuss phases of tendon healing, review recent work that has shown the role that growth factors play in this process, describe the potential that experimental gene transfer has in delivering these growth factors to the local wound environment, and outline perspectives for improvement of tendon healing.
Development of TCR-γ δ CD4-CD8+ α α but not TCR-αβ CD4-CD8+ α α i-IEL is resistant to cyclosporin A (1995)

Present evidence suggests that cyclosporin A (CSA) inhibits the development of both alpha beta and gamma delta T cells in the thymus. However, whether CSA can inhibit the development of murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (i-IEL) is unknown as most i-IEL are clearly derived from a different lineage than the conventional thymus-derived T cells found in the periphery. Using the adult thymectomized, lethally irradiated bone-marrow reconstituted chimera (ATXBM mice) as a model for the development of extrathymically derived i-IEL and the fetal thymus-grafted (FTG) nude mice as a model for the development of thymically derived i-IEL, we demonstrate that CSA nearly completely inhibited the development of extrathymically, and possibly thymically, derived TCR-alpha beta i-IEL. Most of the TCR-alpha beta i-IEL whose development was inhibited by CSA belonged to the CD4-CD8+ alpha alpha subset. In contrast, the development of extrathymically and thymically derived TCR-gamma delta i-IEL was completely resistant to CSA. The phenotype of CSA-resistant TCR-gamma delta i-IEL in these models was not different from those in control mice, and the TCR-gamma delta i-IEL in CSA-treated mice appear to be mature and activated as most were large, granular, and CD69+. Lastly, we demonstrate that CSA does not affect the extrathymic positive selection of V delta 4 i-IEL in C3H hosts. These results suggest that despite their similarity, the intracellular activation cascade involved after TCR stimulation between TCR-alpha beta CD4-CD8+ alpha alpha and TCR-gamma delta CD4-CD8+ alpha alpha i-IEL are markedly different.
Nerve Growth Factor-Regulated Emergence of Functional δ-Opioid Receptors (2010)

Sorting of intracellular G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) either to lysosomes for degradation or to plasma membrane for surface insertion and functional expression is a key process regulating signaling strength of GPCRs across the plasma membrane in adult mammalian cells. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing the dynamic process of receptor sorting to the plasma membrane for functional expression under normal and pathological conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that delta-opioid receptor (DOPr), a GPCR constitutively targeted to intracellular compartments, is driven to the surface membrane of central synaptic terminals and becomes functional by the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) in native brainstem neurons. The NGF-triggered DOPr translocation is predominantly mediated by the signaling pathway involving the tyrosine receptor kinase A, Ca(2+)-mobilizing phospholipase C, and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Importantly, it requires interactions with the cytoplasmic sorting protein NHERF-1 (Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory factor-1) and N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor-regulated exocytosis. In addition, this NGF-mediated mechanism is likely responsible for the emergence of functional DOPr induced by chronic opioids. Thus, NGF may function as a key molecular switch that redirects the sorting of intracellularly targeted DOPr to plasma membrane, resulting in new functional DOPr on central synapses under chronic opioid conditions.
Diet, alcohol, smoking, serum β‐carotene, and vitamin A in male nonmelanocytic skin cancer patients and controls (1992)

A case-control study was conducted in Melbourne, Australia of 88 consecutive males admitted for the surgical removal of a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (histologically confirmed basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and of 88 male control patients admitted for small elective surgical procedures. In both cases and controls, previous diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking habit were investigated and serum beta-carotene and vitamin A levels were measured. A statistically significant inverse relationship was found between the risk of skin cancer and a high intake of fish (p = 0.05); vegetables in general (p < 0.001); beans, lentils, or peas (p < 0.001), carrots, silverbeet (Swiss chard), or pumpkin (p < 0.001); cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, brussel sprouts, or broccoli) (p < 0.001); and beta-carotene- and vitamin C-containing foods (p = 0.004). Cases had a lower mean serum level of beta-carotene (p < 0.001) and vitamin A (p = 0.02) than controls. The incidence of skin cancer in the study was inversely related to the level of serum beta-carotene (p < 0.0001). The correlation coefficient between dietary beta-carotene/vitamin C and serum beta-carotene was 0.22 (p = 0.04). Smoking and alcohol consumption showed no statistically significant association with the risk of nonmelanocytic skin cancer. The results were similar for both cell types. A high intake of vegetables including cruciferous vegetables, beta-carotene- and vitamin C-containing foods, and fish appears to be protective for nonmelanocytic skin cancer, and this deserves further study, as does the possible etiologic relevance of the low serum levels of beta-carotene and vitamin A.
Intrathecal Delivery of IFN-γ Protects C57BL/6 Mice from Chronic-Progressive Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Increasing Apoptosis of Central Nervous System-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (2001)

The exclusive detrimental role of proinflammatory cytokines in demyelinating diseases of the CNS, such as multiple sclerosis, is controversial. Here we show that the intrathecal delivery of an HSV-1-derived vector engineered with the mouse IFN-gamma gene leads to persistent (up to 4 wk) CNS production of IFN-gamma and inhibits the course of a chronic-progressive form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in C57BL/6 mice by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)(35-55). Mice treated with the IFN-gamma-containing vector before EAE onset showed an earlier onset but a milder course of the disease compared with control mice treated with the empty vector. In addition, 83% of IFN-gamma-treated mice completely recovered within 25 days post immunization, whereas control mice did not recover up to 60 days post immunization. Mice treated with the IFN-gamma-containing vector within 1 wk after EAE onset partially recovered from the disease within 25 days after vector injection, whereas control mice worsened. Recovery from EAE in mice treated with IFN-gamma was associated with a significant increase of CNS-infiltrating lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis. During the recovery phase, the mRNA level of TNFR1 was also significantly increased in CNS-infiltrating cells from IFN-gamma-treated mice compared with controls. Our results further challenge the exclusive detrimental role of IFN-gamma in the CNS during EAE/multiple sclerosis, and indicate that CNS-confined inflammation may induce protective immunological countermechanisms leading to a faster clearance of encephalitogenic T cells by apoptosis, thus restoring the immune privilege of the CNS.
Development of III-Nitride HEMTs on CVD Diamond Substrates (2011)

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) semiconductor technology holds promise for revolutionary improvements in the cost, size, weight, and performance of a broad range of military and commercial microelectronics [1]. However, exploiting the true capabilities of GaN is a compromise between the desired RF performance and the realities of current thermal solutions. In this work we present integration details and performance of AlGaN/GaN high-electronmobility transistors (HEMTs) fabricated on freestanding and mounted, heat-spreading diamond substrates.
Synthesis of .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated aldehydes by the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of allylic ammonium ylides (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated aldehydes by the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of allylic ammonium ylidesLewis N. Mander and John V. TurnerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 16, 2915–2916Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00956a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00956a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views436Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of polycaprolactone collagen hydrogel constructs seeded with mesenchymal stem cells for bone regeneration (2009)

The osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a collagen I hydrogel was investigated. Collagen hydrogels with 7.5 x 10(5) MSCs ml(-1) were fabricated and cultured for 6 weeks in a defined, osteogenic differentiation medium. Histochemistry revealed morphologically distinct, chondrocyte-like cells, surrounded by a sulfated proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix in the group treated with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), while cells cultured with dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and beta-glycerophosphate displayed a spindle-shaped morphology and deposited a mineralized matrix. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses revealed a specific chondrogenic differentiation with the expression of cartilage-specific markers in the BMP-2-treated group and a distinct expression pattern of the osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen, osteocalcin (OC), and cbfa-1 in the group treated with an osteogenic standard medium. The collagen gels were used to engineer a cell laden medical grade epsilon-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydrogel construct for segmental bone repair showing good bonding at the scaffold hydrogel interface and even cell distribution. The results show that MSCs cultured in a collagen I hydrogel are able to undergo a distinct osteogenic differentiation pathway when stimulated with specific differentiation factors and suggest that collagen I hydrogels are a suitable means to facilitate cell seeding of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.