gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the absorption of the dietary flavonoid quercetin in man (1997)

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein is hypothesised to play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease. It might be prevented by dietary antioxidants. Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid antioxidant and its intake was inversely associated with cardiovascular disease in some studies. Absorption from the diet is a prerequisite for its potentially beneficial role. This thesis describes studies on the absorption and elimination kinetics of dietary quercetin in humans.To perform these absorption studies, we developed a postcolumn chelation technique for quercetin in HPLC with fluorescence detection using aluminum. Only flavonols that contain a free 3-hydroxyl and 4-keto oxygen binding site formed fluorescent complexes with Al 3+. This method improved detectability of quercetin 300 fold as compared to conventional UV detection.We studied the absorption of quercetin in healthy ileostomy subjects so as to avoid losses caused by colonic bacteria. Absorption of quercetin was 52 + 15% for quercetin glucosides found in onions, 17 + 15% for quercetin rutinoside a major quercetin glycoside of tea, and 24 + 9% for free quercetin aglycone.The time course of the plasma quercetin concentration was studied in normal subjects with an intact colon who ingested major dietary sources of quercetin, viz. fried onions containing glucose conjugates of quercetin, apples containing both glucose- and non-glucose quercetin glycosides, and of quercetin-3-rutinoside. Peak plasma levels of quercetin were reached <0.7 h after ingestion of the onions, 2.5 h after the apples, and 9 h after the rutinoside. Bioavailability of both quercetin from apples and of pure quercetin rutinoside was 30% relative to onions. Half-lives of elimination were independent of the quercetin source and were about 24 h.We confirmed that the sugar moiety of the glycoside is an important determinant of absorption in a study with volunteers who ingested solutions of pure quercetin-4'-glucoside and of pure quercetin-3-rutinoside.In conclusion, absorption of dietary quercetin glycosides can be appreciable and depends on the type of sugar moiety of the glycoside. We propose that the sodium-glucose cotransporter is involved in the absorption of quercetin-4'glucoside. Elimination of quercetin from the blood is slow. Repeated consumption of quercetin- containing foods therefore will lead to accumulation of quercetin in plasma.
<i>Heterocapsa circularisquama</i> sp. nov. (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae): A new marine dinoflagellate causing mass mortality of bivalves in Japan (1995)

SUMMARY Heterocapsa circularisquama Horiguchi sp. nov. is described from Ago Bay, central Japan. The dinoflagellate produced large‐scale red tides in the bays of central and western Japan and caused mass mortality of bivalves, notably the pearl oysters. The cell is small and is composed of a conical epitheca and a hemi‐spheroidal hypothecs. The chloroplast is single and is connected to the single pyrenoid. The nucleus is elongated and is located in the left side of the cell. Thecal plate arrangement has been determined as: Po, cp, 5′, 3a, 7″, 6c, 5s, 5″′, 2″″. Heterocapsa circularisquama is morphologically very similar to Heterocapsa illdefina and it is almost impossible to distinguish these two species at light microscopical level. The characteristics which can be used to distinguish these two species are the morphology of body scales and the ultrastructure of the pyrenoid matrix. The body scales of H. circularisquama possess six radiating ridges on the circular basal plate; no such ridges can be observed on the roughly triangular basal plate of the scales of H. illdefina. Furthermore, the scales of the latter species possess substantially shorter spines compared to those of H. circularisquama. The pyrenoid matrix of H. circularisquama is hardly perforated by cytoplasmic tubules, while in H. tlldefina the pyrenoid matrix is always penetrated by many cytoplasmic tubules. Based on the arrangement of thecal plates, morphology of body scales, and ultra‐structure of the pyrenoid, I am placing H. circularisquama sp nov. into the genus Heterocapsa.
The kinetics of the reactions of boric acid with 5-substituted salicylate ions (1979)

Salicylate ions form 1:1 complexes with boric acid. The kinetics of these reactions have been studied by the stopped-flow method and stability constants have been calculated from absorption measurements on the solutions at equilibrium. Temperature studies of the rates of reaction of boric acid and unsubstituted salicylate ions at pH 5.29 have been carried out. The data correlate well with the Arrhenius equation.
Affective usability evaluation for an interactive music television channel (2004)

Computer-mediated television brings new requirements for user interface design and evaluation, since interactive television applications are deployed in a relaxed domestic setting and aim to gratify the need for entertainment. Digital video recorders, the generation of custom computer graphics on each digital set-top box, and the introduction of new advertising formats are important issues for research and practice. We explore the employment of an animated character and the dynamic insertion of advertising in the design of an intuitive user interface for interactive music-video television. We found that the animated character and the skippable videoclip feature seamlessly enhanced consumer satisfaction, as shown by affective usability questionnaires.
Isatin‐binding proteins of rat and mouse brain: Proteomic identification and optical biosensor validation (2009)

Isatin (indole-2,3-dione) is an endogenous indole that has a distinct and discontinuous distribution in the brain and in other mammalian tissues and body fluids. Its output is increased under conditions of stress and anxiety. Isatin itself and its analogues exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities but its specific biological targets still are not well characterized. Affinity chromatography of Triton X-100 lysates of soluble and particulate fractions of mouse and rat whole brain homogenates on 5-aminocaproyl-isatin-Sepharose followed by subsequent proteomic analysis resulted in identification of 65 and 64 individual proteins, respectively. Isatin-binding capacity of some of the identified proteins has been validated in an optical biosensor study using a Biacore 3000 optical biosensor, 5-aminocarproyl-isatin, and 5-aminoisatin as the affinity ligands. The K(d) values (of 0.1-20 microM) obtained during the optical biosensor experiments were consistent with the range of K(d) values recently reported for [(3)H]isatin binding to brain sections. Although the number of isatin-binding proteins identified in the mouse and rat brain was similar, only 21 proteins (about one-third) were identical in the two species. This may be one reason for the differences in isatin effects in rats and mice reported in the literature.
Mo O x modified Ag anode for top-emitting organic light-emitting devices (2006)

Efficient top-emitting organic light-emitting devices (TOLEDs) using a thin MoOx layer modified Ag as the effective hole-injection anode are demonstrated. With tris-(8-hydroxy quinoline)aluminum as emitting layer and trilayer LiF∕Al∕Ag as semitransparent cathode, the Ag∕MoOx based TOLED shows a tune-on voltage of 2.67V and a maximum current efficiency of 7.27cd∕A, which are much better than those (3.92V, 6.12cd∕A) obtained from Ag∕Ag2O based TOLED and those (5.25V, 3.5cd∕A) obtained from the corresponding bottom-emitting organic light-emitting devices. Contact potential difference measurement shows that the work function of Ag∕MoOx is higher than those of Ag∕Ag2O and ozone-treated indium tin oxide, leading to a stronger hole injection. The good performance of Ag∕MoOx based TOLED is attributed to the efficient hole injection from the Ag∕MoOx anode as well as a microcavity effect.
Novel approaches to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury (2013)

Abstract Despite over 40 years of research, there is no specific lung-directed therapy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although much has evolved in our understanding of its pathogenesis and factors affecting patient outcome, supportive care with mechanical ventilation remains the cornerstone of treatment. Perhaps the most important advance in ARDS research has been the recognition that mechanical ventilation, although necessary to preserve life, can itself aggravate or cause lung damage through a variety of mechanisms collectively referred to as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). This improved understanding of ARDS and VILI has been important in designing lung-protective ventilatory strategies aimed at attenuating VILI and improving outcomes. Considerable effort has been made to enhance our mechanistic understanding of VILI and to develop new ventilatory strategies and therapeutic interventions to prevent and ameliorate VILI with the goal of improving outcomes in patients with ARDS. In this review, we will review the pathophysiology of VILI, discuss a number of novel physiological approaches for minimizing VILI, therapies to counteract biotrauma, and highlight a number of experimental studies to support these concepts.
Codes satisfying maximum transition run and parity-check constraints (2004)

Efficient combination of a modulation code with a parity-check code is studied for magnetic recording systems. A new approach to the design of combined modulation/parity codes that largely retains the properties of the original modulation code is proposed. It is based on the matrix transformation of a set of desired parity-check equations at the partial-response channel input into a set of parity-check equations at the input of the precoder. The code design methodology is illustrated by constructing a rate-96/104 dual-parity code that satisfies maximum transition run constraints. Simulation results for a Lorentzian recording channel show that this code significantly outperforms a single-parity code for channels dominated by electronics noise. Moreover, the rate-96/104 dual-parity code, which has been used extensively in commercial disk drives, performs as well as a single-parity code in stationary/nonstationary data-dependent noise conditions. Finally, the low-average-transition-density constraint is proposed to enhance error-rate performance in channels dominated by transition noise.
Adjuvant Therapy for completely resected Stage II Colon Cancer (2008)

Although there was no improvement in overall survival in the pooled analysis, we did find that disease-free survival in patients with stage II colon cancer was significantly better with the use of adjuvant therapy. It seems reasonable to discuss the benefits of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy with those stage II patients who have high risk features, including obstruction, perforation, inadequate lymph node sampling or T4 disease. The co-morbidities and likelihood of tolerating adjuvant systemic chemotherapy should be considered as well. There exists a need to further define which high-risk features in stage II colon cancer patients should be used to select patients for adjuvant therapy. Also, researchers must continue to search for other therapies which might be more effective, shorter in duration and less toxic than those available today.
StageWeb: Interweaving pipeline stages into a wearout and variation tolerant CMP fabric (2010)

Manufacture-time process variation and life-time failure projections have become a major industry concern. Consequently, fault tolerance, historically of interest only for mission-critical systems, is now gaining attention in the mainstream computing space. Traditionally reliability issues have been addressed at a coarse granularity, e.g., by disabling faulty cores in chip multiprocessors. However, this is not scalable to higher failure rates. In this paper, we propose StageWeb, a fine-grained wearout and variation tolerance solution, that employs a reconfigurable web of replicated processor pipeline stages to construct dependable many-core chips. The interconnection flexibility of StageWeb simultaneously tackles wearout failures (by isolating broken stages) and process variation (by selectively disabling slower stages). Our experiments show that through its wearout tolerance, a StageWeb chip performs up to 70% more cumulative work than a comparable chip multiprocessor. Further, variation mitigation in StageWeb enables it to scale supply voltage more aggressively, resulting in up to 16% energy savings.
Transthyretin-related familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy&mdash;Progress in Kumamoto, Japan (1967&ndash;2010)&mdash; (2010)

The authors reviewed contribution of Kumamoto University group to the progress of the studies on transthyretin (TTR)-related familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (TTR-related FAP) for 42 years (from 1967 to 2009). Andrade (1952) first described a large group of patients with FAP in Portugal and Araki et al. (1967) in second discovered similar FAP patients in Arao, Kumamoto, Japan. Owing to progress in biochemical and molecular genetic analyses, FAP is now believed to occur worldwide. As of today, reports of about 100 different points of single or two mutations, or a deletion in the transthyretin (TTR) gene, have been published. The authors' group has made pioneer works for study of FAP in the world. The focus on therapy in amylodosis will increase sharply as an impetus in near future, and successful treatments are expected.
Note: A novel method for <i>in situ</i> loading of gases via x-ray induced chemistry (2011)

We have developed and demonstrated a novel method to load oxygen in a sealed diamond anvil cell via the x-ray induced decomposition of potassium chlorate. By irradiating a pressurized sample of an oxidizer (KClO(3)) with either monochromatic or white beam x-rays from the Advanced Photon Source at ambient temperature and variable pressure, we succeeded in creating a localized region of molecular oxygen surrounded by unreacted sample which was confirmed via Raman spectroscopy. We anticipate that this technique will be useful in loading even more challenging, difficult-to-load gases such as hydrogen and also to load multiple gases.
Decreased Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Neurosin (KLK6), an Aging‐Related Protease, as a Possible New Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease (2002)

Neurosin is a kallikrein-like serine protease expressed preferentially in the human brain. It is localized in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in Lewy bodies in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurosin is present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a proenzyme and does not show any enzymatic activity. We have developed a sandwich ELISA system using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against human neurosin and have measured neurosin levels in the CSF from AD and non-CNS disease patients. Both male and female patients with peripheral neuropathy showed statistically positive correlations between CSF neurosin concentrations and age (males, n = 52, r = 0.482, p < 0.005; females, n = 43, r = 0.365, p < 0.005). In contrast, such positive correlation was not observed in the CSF from patients with AD. Further, some such patients showed extremely low levels of CSF neurosin. Our results suggest that neurosin is an aging-related protease and that a decreased CSF concentration of neurosin may be a risk factor for developing AD.
<title>Directed evolution and solid phase enzyme screening</title> (2000)

A new digital imaging spectrophotometer and a series of colorimetric solid phase arrays have been developed to screen bacterial libraries expressing mutagenized enzymes undergoing directed evolution. This high-throughput solid- phase array system (known as `Kcat Technology') can detect less than a 20% difference in enzyme rates within microcolonies grown at a nearly confluent density of 500 colonies per cm<SUP>2</SUP> on an assay disk. Each microcolony is analyzed simultaneously at single-pixel resolution (1.5 megapixels; 75 micron/pixel), requiring less than 100 nanoliters of substrate per measurement, a 1000-fold reduction over conventional liquid phase assays. Here we report the successful identification of variants of Agrobacterium (beta) -glucosidase--a glycosidase with broad substrate specificity that favors cleavage of glucosides over galactosides--by simultaneously assaying two different substrates tagged with spectrally distinct chromogenic reporters.
Dual Band Frequency Scanned, Height Finder Antenna (1991)

Recently, the Georgia Tech Research Institute completed the development of a frequency scanned antenna for height finding applications with the novel capability for simultaneous elevation scanning in two microwave bands. This feature allows simultaneous, independent, determinations of target height for improved performance under adverse conditions such as multi-path or external interference. The antenna consisted of a parabolic cylinder reflector and a line source feed. The line source feed consisted of a serpentine waveguide with a coupler and radiating horn in each loop of the serpentine waveguide. The closest known prior realization of such an antenna used a helical feed with slot radiators and was described by Foster and Croney [1]. Our approach had a much greater bandwidth, ease of fabrication, and improved polarization purity. A full description of the hardware and measured results will be presented.
Nrf2, a Guardian of Healthspan and Gatekeeper of Species Longevity (2010)

Although aging is a ubiquitous process that prevails in all organisms, the mechanisms governing both the rate of decline in functionality and the age of onset remain elusive. A profound constitutively upregulated cytoprotective response is commonly observed in naturally long-lived species and experimental models of extensions to lifespan (e.g., genetically-altered and/or experimentally manipulated organisms), as indicated by enhanced resistance to stress and upregulated downstream components of the cytoprotective nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-signaling pathway. The transcription factor Nrf2 is constitutively expressed in all tissues, although levels may vary among organs, with the key detoxification organs (kidney and liver) exhibiting highest levels. Nrf2 may be further induced by cellular stressors including endogenous reactive-oxygen species or exogenous electrophiles. The Nrf2-signaling pathway mediates multiple avenues of cytoprotection by activating the transcription of more than 200 genes that are crucial in the metabolism of drugs and toxins, protection against oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as playing an integral role in stability of proteins and in the removal of damaged proteins via proteasomal degradation or autophagy. Nrf2 interacts with other important cell regulators such as tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) and nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) and through their combined interactions is the guardian of healthspan, protecting against many age-related diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. We hypothesize that this signaling pathway plays a critical role in the determination of species longevity and that this pathway may indeed be the master regulator of the aging process.
Development of electronically controlled array antenna system for ETS-VIII applications (2008)

In this paper, we propose a configuration of antenna system for mobile ground terminal using GPS and gyroscope terminal unit as automatic-navigation system to track the ETS-VIII satellite. To miniaturize the antenna system we introduce an electronically tracking rather than mechanically by use of a developed control program. With this configuration the antenna system becomes light and low profile with more in reliability and high-speed beam scanning possibility. In this research, a left hand circularly polarized array antenna integrated with an onboard switching circuit is proposed. Measured results of return loss, axial ratio, elevation cut pattern and beam switching performance are presented.
<i>Potato spindle tuber viroid</i> as Inducer of RNA Silencing in Infected Tomato (2001)

Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), an RNA plant pathogen encoding no known proteins, induces systemic symptoms on tomato plants. We report detection of small RNAs of approximately 25 nucleotides with sequence specificity to PSTVd in infected plants: an indication of the presence of RNA silencing. RNA silencing, however, did not appear to be responsible for the differing symptoms induced by a mild and a severe strain of PSTVd. The unique structural and biological features of viroids make them attractive experimental tools to investigate mechanisms of RNA silencing and pathogen counterdefense.
Spatially resolved cytosolic calcium response to angiotensin II and potassium in rat glomerulosa cells measured by digital imaging techniques. (1987)

The response of cytosolic calcium [Ca2+]i to angiotensin II (AII) and potassium (K+) in individual rat glomerulosa cells was determined using the calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye, fura-2 and digital imaging. Control (4 mM K+) cytosolic calcium levels were generally in the 80-120 nM range and increased monotonically as [K+] was increased from 4 to 12 mM. There was no delay in the onset of the response. In most cells the [Ca2+]i decreased from its peak after 3-4 min, even in the presence of superfusate containing elevated K+. The time course of the change in [Ca2+]i in response to AII stimulation, on the other hand, was more variable. It was most often characterized by an early decrease followed by a large delayed increase. The response also was observed to decline during sustained AII stimulation. The majority of the cells showed some response to one or the other secretagogue with a sizeable minority (25%) having an increase in [Ca2+]i in excess of 200%. While the majority showed a response, the cell to cell variation was substantial. Finally, the pattern of cytosolic calcium increase sometimes showed a marked dependence on the secretagogue used, with different regions of the same cell being more strongly affected by one agent or the other. A few cells (10%) responded to AII only at one pole, establishing a large concentration gradient of calcium across the cell. Because of differences in time course, pattern, and degree of responsiveness, it is likely that the mechanisms underlying the Ca2+ elevation with K+ and AII are different.
A PDF multitarget tracker (1994)

A probability density function (pdf) based approach to the multitarget tracking problem is presented. The input data are obtained by measurements over time from a front-end detector. The desired output is the number of targets present and the parameters of each target. The same approach has previously been used for time delay detection and tracking problems and is adapted to this problem This approach is an alternative to the traditional approach of "association" and "tracking" on the measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>