gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of four-dimensional guidance with total energy control system (1991)

Presented here is a design of the four-dimensional mode for an integrated autopilot/autothrottle control system named Total Energy Control System. This design involves integrating a four-dimensional flight trajectory generator with the Total Energy Control System to create an outer-loop time error control law and integrating spoilers with the Total Energy Control System to increase the energy bleedoff capacity of the system during descent. The resulting system follows a precomputed four-dimensional profile in cruise, except if there is a large time error when the system is engaged. In such a case, the system generates a speed profile to null out the time error by the top of descent. During descent, the system follows a fixed profile by employing both throttles and spoilers. The system was tested on a full nonlinear simulation and all portions of the system were shown to perform as desired.
A vital organ (2013)

Dr Colin Roberts discusses the function of the liver, and the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease
Transcriptional regulation of fibronectin gene by phorbol myristate acetate in hepatoma cells: A negative role for NF-?B (2000)

The transcriptional regulation of the fibronectin (FN) gene in hepatoma cells by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was investigated. PMA increased the synthesis and mRNA levels of FN and its promoter activity in Hep3B hepatoma cells. The PMA-induced activation of FN expression was blocked by a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and did not require a new protein synthesis. Deletion analysis revealed that the sequence between positions -69 and +136 of the FN gene was responsible for the PMA induction. Two PMA-inducible nuclear protein complexes were found to bind to a putative NF-kappaB site at -41 and were identified as a p65/p50 heterodimer and a p50/50 homodimer of NF-kappaB family. Mutations in the -41 NF-kappaB site, however, did not block the PMA induction of the FN promoter but rather enhanced it. Overexpression of p65 increased the FN promoter activity. While overexpression of p50 alone did not affect the promoter activity, it decreased the p65-induced activation of the FN promoter. Mutations in the -41 NF-kappaB site attenuated the p50-mediated suppression of the p65 transactivation of the FN promoter. Deletion of the sequence between +1 and +136 decreased the basal and PMA-induced activities of the FN promoter. This study shows that PMA induces the transcription of the FN gene in hepatoma cells via the PKC pathway. The DNA sequence between +1 and +136 is responsible, at least in part, for the PMA-induced activation of the FN gene, while the -41 NF-kappaB binding site plays as a negative regulatory element for it. In addition, this study is the first to show a role for NF-kappaB p65 in the transcriptional activation of the FN gene.
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tin Sulfides (SnS, Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>, and SnS<sub>2</sub>) on Glass (1999)

Atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of SnS2, Sn2S3, and SnS has been achieved onto glass substrates from the reaction of SnCl4 with H2S at 300−545 °C. The films show good uniformity and surface coverage, adherence, and a variety of colors (black, yellow, brown, and gray) dependent on deposition temperature and film thickness. Growth rates were on the order of 1−2 μm min-1. All the films were crystalline. For substrate temperatures of up to 500 °C single phase films with the hexagonal SnS2 structure (a = 3.65(1) Å, c = 5.88(1) Å) were formed. At 525 °C a film of mixed composition containing predominantly orthorhombic Sn2S3 (a = 8.83(1) Å, b = 3.76(1) Å, c = 14.03(1) Å) was formed together with some SnS2. At 545 °C films with orthorhombic SnS structure (a = 4.30(1) Å, b = 11.20(1) Å, c = 3.99(1) Å) were formed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a variety of different film thicknesses and morphologies, including needles, plates, and ovoids, dependent on the deposition temperature and time. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and electron probe measurements on the films indicated elemental ratios close to those for tin disulfide (SnS1.98), ditin trisulfide (SnS1.60), and tin monosulfide (SnS1.10) and revealed no incorporation of chlorine. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) gave results in agreement with those from EDX and revealed binding energies of Sn 3d5/2 = 486.5(1) eV and S 2p = 161.6(2) eV for films grown at less than 500 °C (SnS2), and Sn 3d5/2 = 485.7 (1) eV and S 2p3/2 = 161.0 eV for the film grown at 545 °C (SnS). Raman microscopy showed that the films of SnS2 had bands at 315 and 215 cm-1, those of Sn2S3 had bands at 307, 251, 234, 183, 71, 60, and 52 cm-1, and those of SnS had bands at 288, 220, 189, 163, and 96 cm-1. The band gap of SnS2 was 2.14 eV. Sheet resistance measurements showed that all of the films were essentially insulating.
Irradiation of Miniature Fuel Specimens in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (2018)

The Advanced Fuels Campaign (AFC) within the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy is considering several advanced ceramic fuels for use in light water reactors (LWRs) and/or advanced reactor concepts. Advanced fuels, such as uranium carbide (UC), uranium nitride (UN), and uranium silicide (U3Si2) offer increased uranium density and enhanced thermophysical properties compared to conventional UO2 fuel, while maintaining an acceptably high melting point. Enhancements to traditional UO2 are also being considered that would increase the thermal conductivity of the fuel and fission product retention through various additives. However, some of these advanced fuels have very limited information available on their irradiation performance (microstructural evolution, swelling, fission gas release, etc.), particularly for the range of temperature and burnup that are relevant for LWR fuel pins. To address this issue, Oak Ridge National Laboratory has developed an experimental facility to irradiate miniature fuel specimens in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). The small size of the fuel specimens simplifies the design, analysis, and post-irradiation evaluations. Post-irradiation examination will provide basic data on the stability and behavior of advanced fuels as a function of temperature and burnup. This report briefly summarizes the experiment facility design concept and the assembly of the first set of experiments. The experiment contains six different types of UN-based fuel kernels UN TRISO particles with varying densities, impurity levels, and burnable absorber contents. The experiments were successfully assembled, welded, evaluated, and delivered to the HFIR along with a complete quality assurance fabrication package. Pictures of the assembly process are included in this report. The experiment is planned for insertion into the HFIR during cycle 480 (June 2018).
A Dual Vacuum Chamber Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometer with Rapidly Interchangeable LSIMS, MALDI, and ESI Sources:  Initial Results with LSIMS and MALDI (1996)

A design is presented involving two separate vacuum chambers to provide nearly simultaneous capabilities of liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), and electrospray ionization (ESI) in an external source Fourier transform mass spectrometer. The instrument consists of two vacuum chambers, one with five stages of differential pumping for a combined LSIMS/MALDI source. The chamber dedicated to ESI was formerly a three-stage chamber with LSIMS and electron ionization. Two additional stages were added with the ESI source. LSIMS and MALDI have similar vacuum requirements and were moved to a newly built chamber with two stages of pumping. We present our first results obtained on the new vacuum chamber. Data presented for the MALDI source show that, with only two stages of pumping, and with shorter radio frequency-only quadrupole rods for ion injection, spectra comparable to those obtained on the formerly three-stage instrument can be obtained. Characterization of the MALDI source and data on linear, cyclic, and branched oligosaccharides are given. Finally, the design of the secon chamber is proposed as a low-cost prototype for an external source FTMS instrument.
Electrospray Mass Spectrometry of Iron Bleomycin: Demonstration That Activated Bleomycin Is a Ferric Peroxide Complex (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrospray Mass Spectrometry of Iron Bleomycin: Demonstration That Activated Bleomycin Is a Ferric Peroxide ComplexJoseph W. Sam, Xue-Jun Tang, and Jack PeisachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 12, 5250–5256Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00091a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00091a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views483Altmetric-Citations203LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advancements in thermal spallation drilling technology (1988)

Thermal spallation of hard rocks has been used commercially for many years to cut granite in quarries and to produce blasting holes in taconite mines. It is potentially an economic process for creating cavities in hard rocks that are difficult to drill or mine by conventional methods. These cavities might have application for storage of liquids and gases and of energy in several forms. They may also be used as high-pressure, naturally heated retorts for certain chemical processes. This report describes the spallation process, including the fluid dynamics and heat transfer from flame jets to the rock and subsequent rock failure. Our model of the spallation process predicts with good accuracy the surface temperatures and heat-transfer rates required to maintain desired drilling rates. Field tests, including site selection, equipment, field operations, and accomplishments, are also described in detail. 31 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.
Ternäre Halogenide vom Typ A<sub>3</sub>MX<sub>6</sub>. VI [1]. Ternäre Chloride der Selten‐Erd‐Elemente mit Lithium, Li<sub>3</sub>MCl<sub>6</sub> (M TbLu, Y, Sc): Synthese, Kristallstrukturen und Ionenbewegung (1997)

Abstract Die ternären Chloride Li 3 ErCl 6 , Li 3 YbCl 6 und Li 3 ScCl 6 kristallisieren nach röntgenographischen Untersuchungen an Einkristallen in drei verschiedenen Strukturtypen. Li 3 ErCl 6 (trigonal, P 3 ml, Z = 3, a = 1117,7(2); c = 603,6(2) pm; isotyp mit M  TbTm, Y) und Li 3 YbCl 6 (orthorhombisch, Pnma, Z = 4, a = 1286,6(1); b = 1113,2(1); c = 602,95(8) pm; Li 3 LuCl 6 ist isotyp) haben sehr ähnliche Strukturen, die sich als hexagonal‐dichteste Kugelpackungen von Chlorid‐Ionen mit zum Teil statistischer Auffüllung der Oktaederlücken mit Kationen beschreiben lassen. Li 3 ScCl 6 (monoklin, C2/m, Z = 2, a = 639,8(1); b = 1104,0(2); c = 639,1(1) pm; β = 109,89(1)°) kristallisiert isotyp mit Na 3 GdI 6 und Li 3 ErBr 6 ; die Anionen bilden hier eine kubisch‐dichteste Kugelpackung. Die Ionenbewegung in Li 3 YCl 6 und Li 3 YbCl 6 wurde mittels Impedanzspektroskopie und 7 Li‐NMR‐Spektroskopie untersucht.
Intraarterial infusion of 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine-C8 dissolved in a lymphographic agent in malignant liver tumors. A preliminary report (1989)

The drug 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine-C8 (FUdR-C8), one of the lipophilic prodrugs of FUdR, was dissolved in an oily lymphographic agent (Lipiodol Ultra Fluid, Andre Gelbe Laboratory, Paris, France; Ethiodol, Savage Laboratories, Melville, NY) and used for the intraarterial treatment of malignant liver tumors. From August 1985 to June 1988, 33 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 13 patients with metastatic liver tumors were treated with this agent at the Kumamoto University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals. The response rate (complete remission [CR] and partial remission [PR]) was 27.6% for hepatocellular carcinomas and 46.1% for metastatic liver tumors. The cumulative 1-year survival rate was 55.1% for hepatocellular carcinomas and 70.0% for metastatic liver tumors. More than a 50% decrease in the tumor marker level was observed in ten of 21 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and in two of eight patients with metastatic liver tumors. The side effects, which were transient and controlled with conservative treatment, included fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and acute gastritis.
Dimeric structure of a human apolipoprotein B mRNA editing protein and cloning and chromosomal localization of its gene. (1994)

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA editing consists of a posttranscriptional C-->U conversion involving the first base of the codon CAA encoding glutamine-2153 to UAA, a stop codon, in apoB mRNA. Using a cloned rat cDNA as a probe, we cloned the cDNA and genomic sequences of the gene for a human apoB mRNA editing protein. Expression of the cDNA in HepG2 cells results in editing of the intracellular apoB mRNA. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, we localized the gene for the editing protein to chromosome band 12p13.1-p13.2. By Northern blot analysis, it was shown that the human editing protein mRNA is expressed exclusively in the small intestine. The cDNA sequence predicts a translation product of 236-aa residues. By attaching an epitope tag sequence to the C terminus of the editing protein, we examined the polymerization state of the editing protein synthesized in vitro. We found that the editing protein undergoes spontaneous polymerization. The migration of the human apoB mRNA editing protein on an HPLC column and the stoichiometry of polymeric epitope-tagged to untagged protein indicate that the protein exists as a dimer. Dimerization does not require glycosylation of a consensus N-linked glycosylation sequence present in the protein and is not mediated by disulfide bridge formation. The human apoB mRNA editing protein is a cytidine deaminase showing structural homology to some known mammalian and bacteriophage deoxycytidylate deaminases. The latter enzymes exist as homopolymers. The fact that the apoB mRNA editing protein also exists as a homodimer has important implications for the mechanism of apoB mRNA editing in humans.
The Measurement of the Q-T Interval of the Electrocardiogram (1952)

The sources of error in determination of the beginning of QRS and the end of T during measurement of the Q-T duration are analyzed. An important error is confusion of an elevated U wave with the T wave, resulting in the diagnosis of a prolonged Q-T. In such cases, some of the precordial leads usually show a notch or kink between T and U which indicates approximately the end of T. If these criteria are used, the true corrected Q-T duration in hypopotassemia without hypocalcemia is not prolonged, but normal or shortened, corresponding to an earlier appearance of the second heart sound.
Electromagnetic Detectors of Gravitational Waves (1974)

Our group is investigating highfrequency gravitational waves (GW). The most promising approach to detection and laboratory generation of such GW seems to be through the transformation of GW into electromagnetic waves (EMW), and the reverse process: EMW→GW. The effects are small of course.
Cell Killing by HIV-1 Protease (2003)

The human immunodeficiency virus protease (HIV-1 PR) was expressed both in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in mammalian cells. Inducible expression of HIV-1 PR arrested yeast growth, which was followed by cell lysis. The lytic phenotype included loss of plasma membrane integrity and cell wall breakage leading to the release of cell content to the medium. Given that neither poliovirus 2A protease nor 2BC protein, both being highly toxic for S. cerevisiae, were able to produce similar effects, it seems that this lytic phenotype is specific of HIV-1 PR. Drastic alterations in membrane permeability preceded the lysis in yeast expressing HIV-1 PR. Cell killing and lysis provoked by HIV-1 PR were also observed in mammalian cells. Thus, COS7 cells expressing the protease showed increased plasma membrane permeability and underwent lysis by necrosis with no signs of apoptosis. Strikingly, the morphological alterations induced by HIV-1 PR in yeast and mammalian cells were similar in many aspects. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a viral protein with such an activity. These findings contribute to the present knowledge on HIV-1-induced cytopathogenesis.
Substrate and strain alter the muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cell secretome to promote myogenesis (2014)

Here, we demonstrate that exposure to COL, the primary ECM component associated with tissue fibrosis, downregulates genes associated with growth and inflammation in mMSCs and delays the ability for mMSCs to stimulate myoblast proliferation.
A study of the oxidation of selected metal silicides (1987)

I n situ ellipsometry was used to investigate the oxidation behavior of a group of silicides, CoSi2, CrSi2, Ir3Si5, Ru2Si3, and WSi2, on single-crystal silicon substrates. These observations were complemented by ex situ ellipsometric measurements on these silicides, as well as on Mn11Si19, MoSi2, NiSi, NiSi2, and ReSi2. Refractive index measurements necessary for the oxide thickness calculations were made using ellipsometry on the bare silicide surfaces. Three regimes of oxidation behavior were identified: one group of silicides oxidized much faster than Si itself, CoSi2, CrSi2, NiSi, and NiSi2; another group was intermediate in oxidation rate between the fast group and Si at low temperature, typically comprising the refractory silicides MoSi2 and WSi2; the third group oxidized at about the same rate as Si and included the semiconducting silicides Ir3Si5, ReSi2, and Ru2Si3. The oxidation of Mn11Si19 led to an oxide containing a small amount of Mn. The oxidation rates of the silicides scale with both the reported carrier concentrations and the measured absorption index. Thus, the electronic properties of the silicides are thought to be responsible for the oxidation behavior. Buffered HF etch rates of the oxides grown on silicides indicate that the oxides grown on the rapidly oxidizing silicides are less dense than the oxides on the intermediate and slowly oxidizing silicides.
Iterated Class-Specific Subspaces For Speaker-Dependent Phoneme Classification (2008)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2008
[The role of adrenal computerized tomography in endocrinopathies. Cushing's syndrome]. (1985)

A comparison was made between the adrenal or hypophyseal histology and the CT finding of adrenal glands in 18 Cushing patients in an assessment of CT as a preliminary screening measure prior to hormone studies for the detection of subjects with adrenal tumours, and hence candidates for adrenalectomy. The CT finding were: 8 tumours (7 adenomas and 1 carcinoma), 5 hyperplasia, 5 NAD. All the adrenal tumours (diameter 18-69 mm) were correctly identified. The only distinctive feature of the carcinoma was its size. A CT diagnosis of adrenal tumour can be regarded as conclusive. Pictures indicative of hyperplasia or absence of alterations, however, must be supplemented by hormone tests and (if necessary) CT of the hypophysis.
Enhanced Oxygen Mass Transfer in an External Loop Airlift Bioreactor Using a Packed Bed (2005)

A small quantity of nylon mesh packing inserted in the riser section of an external loop airlift bioreactor (ELAB) was found to increase the overall volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient by a factor of 3.73 compared to an unpacked riser. The packing increased gas holdup, decreased bubble size, and decreased liquid circulation rates in the bioreactor, all of which contributed to the dramatic improvement in oxygen mass transfer. A dynamic, spatial model was developed to predict the mass transfer behavior between air bubbles and the continuous liquid phase in the ELAB with and without a packed bed. The model demonstrated superior accuracy compared to simulating the ELAB as a well-mixed vessel and also correctly predicted the cyclical behavior in liquid oxygen concentrations. The oxygen mass transfer coefficient was determined as a best fitting parameter of the model and was found to increase to 4.2 × 10-3 s-1 using a small amount of packing (96.3% porosity) compared to the unpacked ELAB. This is similar to values measured in well-mixed bioreactors operating at the same aeration rates. The ELAB containing a packed bed is a novel bioreactor with much higher mass transfer and increased surface area for cell immobilization, and therefore it has potential to greatly enhance gas−liquid fermentations and other gas−liquid biochemical operations.
Oxidative Stress Induces Mouse Follicular Granulosa Cells Apoptosis via JNK/FoxO1 Pathway (2016)

The c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) plays an important role in the regulation of cell apoptosis. Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors are involved in diverse biological processes, including cellular metabolism, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle. However, the JNK/FoxO1 pathway involved in the process of apoptosis induced by oxidative stress remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that the JNK activity significantly increased in response to oxidative stress in mouse follicular granulosa cells (MGCs). SP600125, a selective JNK inhibitor, attenuated the oxidative stress-induced MGCs apoptosis. Oxidative stress enhanced the FoxO1 nuclear translocation by activating the JNK activity. Moreover, JNK mediated the dissociation of FoxO1 from 14-3-3 proteins in MGCs after the treatment with H2O2. Finally, oxidative stress up-regulated the expression of FoxO1 via JNK mediation of FoxO1 self-regulation in MGCs. Taken together, our findings suggest that JNK/FoxO1 is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell apoptosis in MGCs.
Reaction Kinetics of CO<sub>2</sub> Carbonation with Mg-Rich Minerals (2011)

Due to their low price, wide availability, and stability of the resulting carbonates, Mg-rich minerals are promising materials for carbonating CO(2). Direct carbonation of CO(2) with Mg-rich minerals reported in this research for the first time could be considerably superior to conventional liquid extraction processes from an energy consumption perspective due to its avoidance of the use of a large amount of water with high specific heat capacity and latent heat of vaporization. Kinetic models of the reactions of the direct CO(2) carbonation with Mg-rich minerals and within simulated flue gas environments are important to the scale-up of reactor designs. Unfortunately, such models have not been made available thus far. This research was initiated to fill that gap. Magnesium silicate (Mg(2)SiO(4)), a representative compound in Mg-rich minerals, was used to study CO(2) carbonation reaction kinetics under given simulated flue gas conditions. It was found that the chosen sorbent deactivation model fits well the experimental data collected under given conditions. A reaction order of 1 with respect to CO(2) is obtained from experimental data. The Arrhenius form of CO(2) carbonation with Mg(2)SiO(4) is established based on changes in the rate constants of the chosen deactivation model as a function of temperature.