gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Architecture of multi-connection shaper and enforcer based on time-differential generic cell rate algorithm (GCRA) (2002)

The generic cell rate algorithm (GCRA) was used by the ITU-T Recommendation 1.371 to define the peak cell rate and cell delay variation tolerance of an ATM connection. The ATM Forum '93 even applied it to define the sustainable cell rate and burst tolerance so as to facilitate usage parameter control at the user network interface. To determine the validity of a cell according to the GCRA, the enforcer must read the clock time when the cell arrives. However, the clock of the enforcer would frequently roll over and the judgment would be incorrect accordingly. On the other hand, for a shaper in a customer premise node to dispatch cells conforming to the declared parameters, the operation would be incorrect due to the similar problem. To overcome these problems, based on the "time difference" concept, we propose two modified GCRAs for the enforcer and shaper, respectively. Then, we design the architecture corresponding to the multi-connection shaper and enforcer proving that they can clearly realize the proposed algorithms. The feasibility and features of the architecture are also discussed.
Elements of Algebra (2009)

Book digitized by Google from the library of Oxford University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.
Potential Mechanisms Involved in the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases by Lithium (2009)

Lithium is a monovalent cation that was introduced in 1949 by John Cade for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Clinical reports and subsequent studies confirmed this application and the beneficial effects of this compound. However, over the last 15 years, various authors have also demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of lithium against several neurotoxic paradigms. Thus, experimental studies in neuronal cell cultures and animal models of Alzheimer disease and others pathologies have provided strong evidence for the potential benefits of lithium. The main mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects is thought to be inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), although other biochemical pathways in the brain could also be affected. In this review, the main mechanisms of lithium action are summarized, including the modulation of glutamate receptors, effects on arachidonic acid metabolism, its role with respect to AKT, and other potential mechanisms. In addition, its effects on neuroprotective proteins such as Bcl-2 and p53 are also discussed. Although the cellular and molecular biological effects of lithium may constitute an effective therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer disease, further clinical and experimental studies with this drug and specific GSK-3 inhibitors are necessary to confirm the use of lithium in therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.
Impact of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Gastric and Plasma Ghrelin Dynamics in Humans (2005)

H. pylori infection has a negative impact on gastric and plasma ghrelin dynamics. Chronic inflammatory and atrophic changes associated with the infection may affect gastric ghrelin biosynthesis and contribute to the low circulating levels.
Design considerations for high performance avalanche photodiode multiplication layers (1994)

We have studied the effect of the thickness of the multiplication region on the noise performance characteristics of avalanche photodiodes (APD's). Our simulation results are based on a full band Monte Carlo model with anisotropic threshold energies for impact ionization. Simulation results suggest that the well known McIntyre expression for the excess noise factor is not directly applicable for devices with a very thin multiplication region. Since the number of ionization events is drastically reduced when the multiplication layer is very thin, the "ionization coefficient" is not a good physical parameter to characterize the process. Instead "effective quantum yield," which is a measure of the total electron-hole pair generation in the device, is a more appropriate parameter to consider. We also show that for the device structure considered here, modeling the excess noise factor using a "discrete Bernoulli trial" model as opposed to the conventional "continuum theory" produces closer agreement to experimental measurements. Our results reinforce the understanding that impact ionization is a strong function of carrier energy and the use of simplified field-dependent models to characterize this high energy process fails to accurately model this phenomenon.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alterations in hippocampal network oscillations and theta–gamma coupling arise before <scp>Aβ</scp> overproduction in a mouse model of <scp>A</scp>lzheimer's disease (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairments. Brain oscillatory activity is critical for cognitive function and is altered in AD patients. Recent evidence suggests that accumulation of soluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) induces reorganization of hippocampal networks. However, whether fine changes in network activity might be present at very early stages, before Aβ overproduction, remains to be determined. We therefore assessed whether theta and gamma oscillations and their cross-frequency coupling, which are known to be essential for normal memory function, were precociously altered in the hippocampus. Electrophysiological field potential recordings were performed using complete hippocampal preparations in vitro from young transgenic CRND8 mice, a transgenic mouse model of AD. Our results indicate that a significant proportion of 1-month-old TgCRND8 mice showed robust alterations of theta-gamma cross-frequency coupling in the principal output region of the hippocampus, the subiculum. In addition we showed that, compared to controls, these mice expressed negligible levels of Aβ. Finally, these network alterations were not due to genetic factors as 15-day-old animals did not exhibit theta-gamma coupling alterations. Thus, initial alterations in hippocampal network activity arise before Aβ accumulation and may represent an early biomarker for AD.
High‐throughput two‐hybrid analysis (2005)

The two-hybrid method detects the interaction of two proteins by their ability to reconstitute the activity of a split transcription factor, thus allowing the use of a simple growth selection in yeast to identify new interactions. Since its introduction about 15 years ago, the assay largely has been applied to single proteins, successfully uncovering thousands of novel protein partners. In the last few years, however, two-hybrid experiments have been scaled up to focus on the entire complement of proteins found in an organism. Although a single such effort can itself result in thousands of interactions, the validity of these high-throughput approaches has been questioned as a result of the prevalence of numerous false positives in these large data sets. Such artifacts may not be an obstacle to continued scale-up of the method, because the classification of true and false positives has proven to be a computational challenge that can be met by a growing number of creative strategies. Two examples are provided of this combination of high-throughput experimentation and computational analysis, focused on the interaction of Plasmodium falciparum proteins and of Saccharomyces cerevisiae membrane proteins.
Zellfreie Proteinexpression für Forschung und Produktion (2014)

Abstract Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is an important tool for molecular biology and can be used in applied and basic research. Especially as a high throughput technology for functional genomics and proteomics, CFPS systems offer a significant advantage compared to living cells. Toxic, membrane or viral proteins can be readily expressed in vitro . However, a low synthesis performance currently limits the use for bioproduction purposes. To overcome this limitation, new systems are being developed.
Human Adipose-Tissue Derived Stromal Cells in Combination with Hypoxia Effectively Support Ex Vivo Expansion of Cord Blood Haematopoietic Progenitors (2015)

The optimisation of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion is on demand in modern cell therapy. In this work, haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) have been selected from unmanipulated cord blood mononuclear cells (cbMNCs) due to adhesion to human adipose-tissue derived stromal cells (ASCs) under standard (20%) and tissue-related (5%) oxygen. ASCs efficiently maintained viability and supported further HSPC expansion at 20% and 5% O2. During co-culture with ASCs, a new floating population of differently committed HSPCs (HSPCs-1) grew. This suspension was enriched with СD34+ cells up to 6 (20% O2) and 8 (5% O2) times. Functional analysis of HSPCs-1 revealed cobble-stone area forming cells (CAFCs) and lineage-restricted colony-forming cells (CFCs). The number of CFCs was 1.6 times higher at tissue-related O2, than in standard cultivation (20% O2). This increase was related to a rise in the number of multipotent precursors - BFU-E, CFU-GEMM and CFU-GM. These changes were at least partly ensured by the increased concentration of MCP-1 and IL-8 at 5% O2. In summary, our data demonstrated that human ASCs enables the selection of functionally active HSPCs from unfractionated cbMNCs, the further expansion of which without exogenous cytokines provides enrichment with CD34+ cells. ASCs efficiently support the viability and proliferation of cord blood haematopoietic progenitors of different commitment at standard and tissue-related O2 levels at the expense of direct and paracrine cell-to-cell interactions.
State of the Art in Power Line Communications: From the Applications to the Medium (2016)

In recent decades, power line communication (PLC) has attracted considerable attention from the research community and industry, as well as from regulatory and standardization bodies. In this paper, we provide an overview of both narrowband and broadband systems, covering potential applications, regulatory and standardization efforts, and recent research advancements in channel characterization, physical layer performance, medium access, and higher layer specifications and evaluations. We also identify the areas of current and further study that will enable the continued success of PLC technology.
Language-level support for exploratory programming of distributed virtual environments (1996)

Article Language-level support for exploratory programming of distributed virtual environments Share on Authors: Blair MacIntyre Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NYView Profile , Steven Feiner Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims UIST '96: Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technologyNovember 1996 Pages 83–94https://doi.org/10.1145/237091.237104Online:01 November 1996Publication History 23citation394DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations23Total Downloads394Last 12 Months11Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Academic Press dictionary of science and technology (2001)

A Dictonary of Science and Technology. Color Illustration Section. Symbols and Units. Fundamental Physical Constants. Measurement Conversion. Periodic Table of the Elements. Atomic Weights. Particles. The Solar System. Geologial Timetable. Five-Kingdom Classification of Organisms. Chronology of Modern Science. Photo Credits.
Electrochemical cell assembled in discharged state. [3 to 13Ah] (1976)

Our results allow for the comparison of severity and response to treatment of patients with a psychiatric disorder, independent of diagnosis.
Temperature Effect in Egg Development and Hatching of Longtooth Grouper, Epinephelus bruneus (2007)

This study examined temperature effect in egg development and hatching of longtooth grouper, Epinephelus bruneus. Fertilized embryos was not growth after morula stage at , at 18, 21, 24 and , the required time from fertilized embryos to hatching were 70 h. 30 min., 44 h. 10 min., 29 h. 10 min. and 24 h. 30 min., respectively. The hatching rates at were higher than the other conditions and the hatching was not occurred at . These results suggest that the water temperature range of egg development and hatching was .
A comparison of optimal classification strategies for choroplethic displays of spatially aggregated data (1996)

Abstract A debate has ensued from the question of whether the attribute values of spatially aggregated data need to be classified prior to the display operator for representation as a choropleth map. Some recent studies have concluded that choropleth maps using Jenk's optimal classification scheme are more easily interpretated than either unclassed maps or more traditional classification methods. This paper presents a range of optimal classification strategies for displaying spatially aggregated data including techniques designed to enhance value identification.
High-Performance Low-Cost Electric Motor for Electric Vehicles Using Ferrite Magnets (2015)

Permanent-magnet motors with rare-earth magnets are among the best candidates for high-performance applications such as automotive applications. However, due to their cost and risks relating to the security of supply, alternative solutions such as ferrite magnets have recently become popular. In this paper, the two major design challenges of using ferrite magnets for a high-torque-density and high-speed application, i.e., their low remanent flux density and low coercivity, are addressed. It is shown that a spoke-type design utilizing a distributed winding may overcome the torque density challenge due to a simultaneous flux concentration and a reluctance torque possibility. Furthermore, the demagnetization challenge can be overcome through the careful optimization of the rotor structure, with the inclusion of nonmagnetic voids on the top and bottom of the magnets. To meet the challenges of a high-speed operation, an extensive rotor structural analysis has been undertaken, during which electromagnetics and manufacturing tolerances are taken into account. Electromagnetic studies are validated through the testing of a prototype, which is custom built for static torque and demagnetization evaluation. The disclosed motor design surpasses the state-of-the-art performance and cost, merging the theories into a multidisciplinary product.
Interval Arithmetic and Analysis (1999)

James Case (jcase66777@aol.com) is a working mathematician (Ph.D. Michigan, 1967) who endured his first mid-life crisis at the tender age of twenty-one, due to the predictable but unwelcome termination of his employment as a pitcher in the L.A. Dodger's minor League organization. Recovering from that cruel thrust, he has since found employment in govemment, in the oil, aircraft, and beverage industries, in various corners of academe, and elsewhere. Now a writer/consultant living and working in Baltimore, he aspires to build a robot capable of batting 0.600 against major league pitching.
Growth and transducer properties of an acoustic superlattice with its periods varying gradually (1995)

Acoustic superlattices with periods varying gradually are grown by the Czochralski method. The transducer made of the acoustic superlattice is fabricated. The insertion loss measurement shows the transducer has a wide frequency response range.
The aerospace demonstrator of DECOS (2005)

A goal of the Dependable Embedded Components and Systems (DECOS) project, an Integrated Project within the EU Framework Programme 6, is to explore the integrated distributed time-triggered architecture paradigm.A high-lift flap system serves to validate and demonstrate this paradigm in the aerospace application domain.This paper gives an overview of the application and the system architecture, and describes the model-based development process. I. INTRODUCTION A. Time-Triggered ArchitectureWith the growing complexity of distributed systems the intercommunication within and between subsystems is increasing.For receiving fault-tolerance in highly safety-critical systems much effort must be spent (e.g., in system design and error containment) if event-triggered communication buses such as CAN [1] are used, due to the fact that these buses are mostly developed for (soft) real-time systems with flexible requirements concerning timing.In contrast, the time-triggered communication approach in the timetriggered architecture (TTA) [2] offers deterministic, faulttolerant communication services with additional features that enable the developers to better manage complexity and to find design flaws earlier in the development process.As TTA is a general notion, there are different implementations available.The Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP) [3] is a communication protocol for the TTA and specifies its communication subsystem.Other approaches are forthcoming, for example Byteflight [4], FlexRay [5] and TTCAN [6].The TTP describes the communication scheme of the system.The set of nodes participating in communication via TTP is called the TTP cluster.The access to the bus follows the time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme as it is depicted in Figure 1.The global communication schedule is called the Message Descriptor List (MeDL) and has to be known by every communication controller in the cluster.In a TTA, not only the communication scheme is time-triggered, but the task execution at the individual nodes, too, in order to synchronize task execution with message transfer.The local task schedules of the nodes are called Task Descriptor Lists (TaDL).
Orbit Determination from Tracking Data of Artificial Satellite Using the Method of Differential Correction (1988)

The differential correction process determining osculating orbital elements as correct as possible at a given instant of time from tracking data of artificial satellite was accomplished. Preliminary orbital elements were used as an initial value of the differential correction procedure and iterated until the residual of real observation(O) and computed observation(C) was minimized. Tracking satellite was NOAA-9 or TIROS-N series. Two types of tracking data were prediction data precomputed from mean orbital elements of TBUS and real data obtained from tracking 1.707GHz HRPT signal of NOAA-9 using 5 meter auto-track antenna in Radio Research Laboratory. According to tracking data either Gauss method or Herrick-Gibbs method was applied to preliminary orbit determination. In the differential correction stage we used both of the Escobal(1975)'s analytical method and numerical ones are nearly consistent. And the differentially corrected orbit converged to the same value in spite of the differences between preliminary orbits of each time span.
A multi-center inter-manufacturer study of the temporal stability of phase-contrast velocity mapping background offset errors (2012)

During a typical patient study, background drift was insignificant. Extended high gradient power scanning with work requires care to avoid drift on some machines. Over the longer term of 8 weeks, significant drift is likely, preventing accurate correction by delayed phantom corrections or derivation from pre-stored background offset data.
Collective Inhibition of pRB Family Proteins by Phosphorylation in Cells with p16INK4a Loss or Cyclin E Overexpression (2001)

The activity of the retinoblastoma protein pRB is regulated by phosphorylation that is mediated by G(1) cyclin-associated cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Since the pRB-related pocket proteins p107 and p130 share general structures and biological functions with pRB, their activity is also considered to be regulated by phosphorylation. In this work, we generated phosphorylation-resistant p107 and p130 molecules by replacing potential cyclin-CDK phosphorylation sites with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues. These phosphorylation-resistant mutants retained the ability to bind E2F and cyclin. Upon introduction into p16(INK4a)-deficient U2-OS osteosarcoma cells, in which cyclin D-CDK4/6 is dysregulated, the phosphorylation-resistant mutants, but not wild-type p107 or p130, were capable of inhibiting cell proliferation. Furthermore, when ectopically expressed in pRB-deficient SAOS-2 osteosarcoma cells, the wild-type as well as the phosphorylation-resistant pRB family proteins were capable of inducing large flat cells. The flat cell-inducing activity of the wild-type proteins, but not that of the phosphorylation-resistant mutants, was abolished by coexpressing cyclin E. Our results indicate that the elevated cyclin D- or cyclin E-associated kinase leads to systemic inactivation of the pRB family proteins and suggest that dysregulation of the pRB kinase provokes an aberrant cell cycle in a broader range of cell types than those induced by genetic inactivation of the RB gene.
Bacteria species identification by the statistical analysis of bacterial colonies Fresnel patterns (2013)

It was demonstrated that statistical analysis of bacteria colonies Fresnel patterns recorded in the optical system with converging spherical wave illumination is suitable for highly effective bacteria species classification. The proposed method includes Fresnel patterns recording followed by image processing and the statistical analysis based on feature extraction, feature selection, classification and classification performance methods. Examination performed on various bacteria species (Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Citrobacter freundii) revealed that the proposed method achieved very high accuracy of over 98%.