gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Tetra-ortho-substituted, Phosphorus-Containing and Carbonyl-Containing Biaryls Utilizing a Diels−Alder Approach (2007)

The application of the Diels-Alder approach to biaryls (DAB) is described for the synthesis of tetra-ortho-substituted biaryl compounds containing orthogonally functionalized substituents. The syntheses of phosphorus-containing, disubstituted alkynes and carbonyl-containing, disubstituted alkynes were accomplished in two to three steps from commercially available reagents. Subsequent Diels-Alder cycloadditions with a range of oxygenated dienes yielded the target biaryls. Further functionalization through palladium-couplings is demonstrated on the phosphorus-containing biaryls. In addition, selective manipulation of each of the remaining ortho substituents on the phosphorus-containing biaryls is demonstrated. One of these phosphorus-containing derivatives is utilized as a highly active catalyst for Suzuki coupling. For the carbonyl-containing series, a wide range of dienophile substituents were screened including esters, ketones, and amides. The key Diels-Alder cycloadditions proceeded smoothly with the commercially available 1-methoxy-1,3-cyclohexadiene to yield the resultant tetra-ortho-substituted biaryls with excellent regioselectivity. The scope of the cycloaddition process was also explored on the carbonyl-containing dienophiles with a series of cyclic dienes. Acyclic dienes were also screened; however, they did not prove effective in the Diels-Alder process with the carbonyl-containing acetylenes. The ability to isolate enantiomerically pure biaryl atropisomers using a benzyl oxazolidinone is disclosed. Finally, the subsequent conversion to an axially chiral anilino alcohol is also reported.
A decision feedback equalizer with time-reversal structure (1992)

This work describes the use of a receiver with a time-reversal structure for low-complexity decision feedback equalization of slowly fading dispersive indoor radio channels. Time-reversal is done by storing each block of received signal samples in a buffer and reversing the sequential order of the signal samples in time prior to equalization. As a result, the equivalent channel impulse response as seen by the equalizer is a time-reverse of the actual channel impulse response. Selective time-reversal operation, therefore, allows a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) with a small number of forward filter taps to perform equally well for both minimum-phase and maximum-phase channel characteristics. The author evaluates the theoretical performance bounds for such a receiver and quantifies the possible performance improvement for discrete multipath channels with Rayleigh fading statistics. Two extreme cases of DFE examples are considered: an infinite-length DFE; and a DFE with a single forward filter tap. Optimum burst and symbol timing recovery is addressed and several practical schemes are suggested. Simulation results are presented. The combined use of equalization and diversity reception is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extended short-wavelength spectral response from InGaAs focal plane arrays (2003)

InGaAs detector material used in near infrared focal plane arrays (NIR FPAs) has typically been limited in spectral response to a range from approximately 900 nm to 1700 nm. Through special processing techniques, the spectral response can be extended down through the visible spectrum and into the ultraviolet. Test results showing preliminary spectral response from 350nm to 1700 nm, responsivity, sensitivity, corrected uniformity and simultaneous imaging of NIR and visible signals will be presented along with a discussion of anticipated applications for this new sensor technology.
The Myf fibrillae of <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> (1993)

The Myf antigen produced by Yersinia enterocolitica appeared as a proteic polymer composed of 21 kDa subunits. By transposon mutagenesis we isolated Myf-defective mutants. Those allowed us to clone and sequence a 4.4 kb chromosomal locus involved in Myf production. This region was found to contain three genes that we called myfA, myfB and myfC. Genes myfB and myfC encode an assembly machine related to those involved in the synthesis of many fimbriae: MyfB, the putative chaperone, possesses the consensus residues of the PapD family and myfC encodes a putative outer-membrane protein. MyfA, the major subunit, was found to be 44% identical to the pH 6 antigen of Y. pestis. Myf is thus the Y. enterocolitica counterpart of this antigen, but it is by far not so well conserved as the other virulence determinants such as the Yops, suggesting that Myf and pH 6 antigen do not necessarily play the same role in Y. enterocolitica and Y. pestis. The study of the prevalence of myfA in various species of Yersinia revealed that, like the yst enterotoxin gene, its presence is restricted to the pathogenic serotypes of Y. enterocolitica. By immunogold labelling, Myf appeared as a layer of extracellular material extending locally 2 microns from the bacterial surface, indicative of a fibrillar structure.
Theoretical estimation of absorbed dose to organs in radioimmunotherapy using radionuclides with multiple unstable daughters (2001)

The toxicity and clinical utility of long-lived alpha emitters such as Ac-225 and Ra-223 will depend upon the fate of alpha-particle emitting unstable intermediates generated after decay of the conjugated parent. For example, decay of Ac-225 to a stable element yields four alpha particles and seven radionuclides. Each of these progeny has its own free-state biodistribution and characteristic half-life. Therefore, their inclusion for a more accurate prediction of absorbed dose and potential toxicity requires a formalism that takes these factors into consideration as well. To facilitate the incorporation of such intermediates into the dose calculation, a previously developed methodology (model 1) has been extended. Two new models (models 2 and 3) for allocation of daughter products are introduced and are compared with the previously developed model. Model 1 restricts the transport to a function that yields either the place of origin or the place(s) of biodistribution depending on the half-life of the parent radionuclide. Model 2 includes the transient time within the bloodstream and model 3 incorporates additional binding at or within the tumor. This means that model 2 also allows for radionuclide decay and further daughter production while moving from one location to the next and that model 3 relaxes the constraint that the residence time within the tumor is solely based on the half-life of the parent. The models are used to estimate normal organ absorbed doses for the following parent radionuclides: Ac-225, Pb-212, At-211, Ra-223, and Bi-213. Model simulations are for a 0.1 g rapidly accessible tumor and a 10 g solid tumor. Additionally, the effects of varying radiolabled carrier molecule purity and amount of carrier molecules, as well as tumor cell antigen saturation are examined. The results indicate that there is a distinct advantage in using parent radionuclides such as Ac-225 or Ra-223, each having a half-life of more than 10 days and yielding four alpha particles per parent decay, in that lower doses to normal organs result for a given tumor dose in comparison to those radionuclides yielding fewer alpha particles. In model 2, which accounts for transit time through the blood, a dose of 20 Gy to a rapidly accessible 0.1 g tumor will result in a liver and kidney dose of 1.7 and 0.9 Gy, respectively from Ac-225. An equivalent dose to tumor from Ra-223 would yield a maximum normal organ dose of 0.4 and 0.3 Gy to bone and small intestines, respectively; the corresponding absorbed dose to small intestines from Pb-212 and Bi-213 is 2.2 and 3.0 Gy, respectively.
Searching for the New Normal: The Rebuilding Process for Risk Management-A Conference Summary (2010)

The Chicago Fed?s Supervision and Regulation Department, in conjunction with DePaul University?s Center for Financial Services, sponsored its third annual Financial Institution Risk Management Conference on April 6?7, 2010. The conference concentrated on comprehensive risk management, lessons learned, and headline issues.
IL-6 is essential for development of gut barrier dysfunction after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in mice (2003)

We sought to determine the role of IL-6 as a mediator of the alterations in gut barrier function that occur after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R). C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) and IL-6 knockout (KO) mice on a C57Bl/6 background were subjected to either a sham procedure or HS/R. Organ and tissue samples were obtained 4 h after resuscitation. In WT mice, HS/R significantly increased ileal mucosal permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (average molecular mass, 4 kDa) and bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes. These alterations in gut barrier function were not observed in IL-6 KO animals. HS/R increased ileal steady-state mRNA levels for IL-6, TNF, and IL-10 in WT but not in IL-6 KO mice. Ileal mucosal expression of the tight junction protein, ZO-1, decreased after HS/R in WT but not IL-6 KO mice. Collectively, these data support the view that expression of IL-6 is essential for the development of gut barrier dysfunction after HS/R.
Simultaneous detection of atmospheric nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide using a quantum cascade laser (2011)

We describe a non-intrusive, open-path, fast-response compact sensor for simultaneous measurements of nitrous-oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and carbon-monoxide (CO) primarily designed for UAV applications. N<sub>2</sub>O is the third most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, but the spatial and temporal distributions of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are poorly quantified. On the other hand, CO is an important tracer to distinguish between fossil fuel and biogenic sources. We use a 4.5 micron thermoelectrically-cooled, distributed feedback, continuous wave quantum cascade laser as a mid-infrared radiation source to scan CO and N<sub>2</sub>O transitions centered at 4538.9 nm and 4539.8 nm respectively. Detection was achieved by a thermo-electrically (TE) cooled 5 micron Indium-Phosphide (InSb) infrared detector. For the first time in this application, a compact cylindrical cell with a pattern configuration to minimize the sensor size with a pathlength of 10 meters (2.54 cm radius mirrors, 25 cm basepath). Wavelength modulation spectroscopy was employed to achieve high sensitivity detection. The detection limit of 10<sup>-5</sup> fractional absorbance was achieved at a 10 sec. averaging time. This is equivalent to less than 1 ppbv of N<sub>2</sub>O and 2 ppbv of CO out of 320 ppbv and 200 ppbv ambient levels respectively. In summary we report a cryogen-free, consumable-free sensor that can operate with 10s W of electrical power and packaged in a small shoe-box size which is ideal for UAV or airborne applications.
Development of biomimetic interfaces and their applications (2009)

This dissertation details strategies for the fabrication of sophisticated biofunctional materials and their use in biomedical and biotechnological application. These unique biointerfaces were designed by integrating biological entities with synthetic polymers and extensively characterized using surface analytical tools. The first part of this dissertation focuses on the immobilization of specific moieties that render surfaces biomimetic. Synthesis of reactive polymers, poly(4-formyl-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene) and poly(4-heptadecafluoronononyl-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene) was accomplished via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization. These reactive polymer coatings enabled the immobilization of proteins and oligosaccharides via chemoselective carbonyl-hydrazide coupling reaction. On the other hand, an alkyne-functionalized polymer coating, poly(4-ethynyl-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene) was synthesized for the conjugation of proteins, saccharides and cell-adhesive oligopeptides via alkyne-azide “click” reaction, in a spatioselective manner. These platforms were further used for surface-directed adhesion of human endothelial cells. Another application of reactive polymers was directed towards the fabrication of polymer coatings, which mimic endothelial cells with respect to nitric oxide generation for cardiovascular stents. Photo-reactive polymer coatings were deposited using CVD polymerization and used to incorporate Cu(II) ligated cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) onto the surface of a stent. These catalytic sites containing copper generated NO from endogenous S-nitrosothiols present in blood, and the measured NO flux approached physiological ranges. These coatings attempt to solve the problems of restenosis and thrombosis associated with the placement of coronary artery stents. In the second part of the dissertation, a chemically-defined polymer was fabricated, which supported long-term human embryonic stem (hES) cell cultures, for the first time, in the presence of several different culture media. Polymer, poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide] sustained the culture of hES cells for at least 25 passages in mouse fibroblast conditioned medium, at least 15 passages in commercially-available human cell conditioned medium and at least 10 passages in defined StemPro medium. Throughout the study, hES cells expressed undifferentiated cell markers, retained a normal karyotype and remained pluripotent. Development of a standardized culture matrix for hES cells represents a significant step towards future clinical applications of hES cells. Taken together, these approaches offer novel solutions for target applications in tissue engineering, biomedical devices and microfluidics and further expand our toolbox of strategies for creating biologically-relevant surfaces.
Solid State Photochemistry of Cu<sub>2</sub>(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>C(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> in Thin Films:  The Photochemical Formation of High-Quality Films of Copper and Copper(I) Oxide. Demonstration of a Novel Lithographic Technique for the Patterning of Copper (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSolid State Photochemistry of Cu2(OH2)2(O2C(CH2)4CH3)4 in Thin Films: The Photochemical Formation of High-Quality Films of Copper and Copper(I) Oxide. Demonstration of a Novel Lithographic Technique for the Patterning of CopperAlfred A. Avey and Ross H. HillView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6 Canada Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1, 237–238Publication Date (Web):January 10, 1996Publication History Received25 August 1995Published online10 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja952937jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja952937jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views767Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copper,Deposition,Materials,Photodissociation,Thin films Get e-Alerts
The CryoEM Method MicroED as a Powerful Tool for Small Molecule Structure Determination (2018)

In the many scientific endeavors that are driven by organic chemistry, unambiguous identification of small molecules is of paramount importance. Over the past 50 years, NMR and other powerful spectroscopic techniques have been developed to address this challenge. While almost all of these techniques rely on inference of connectivity, the unambiguous determination of a small molecule's structure requires X-ray and/or neutron diffraction studies. In practice, however, X-ray crystallography is rarely applied in routine organic chemistry due to intrinsic limitations of both the analytes and the technique. Here we report the use of the electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM) method microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) to provide routine and unambiguous structural determination of small organic molecules. From simple powders, with minimal sample preparation, we could collect high-quality MicroED data from nanocrystals (∼100 nm, ∼10<sup>-15</sup> g) resulting in atomic resolution (<1 Å) crystal structures in minutes.
MicroRNA-200 Family Members Differentially Regulate Morphological Plasticity and Mode of Melanoma Cell Invasion (2010)

Overall our findings call into question the general role of miR-200 in suppressing invasion and metastasis, and highlight novel distinguishing characteristics of individual miR-200 family members.
A 77 GHz (W-band) SiGe LNA with a 6.2 dB Noise Figure and Gain Adjustable to 33 dB (2006)

This paper presents a state-off the art low-noise SiGe-amplifier (LNA) for the frequency range from 75 up to 85 GHz integrated in a 0.18mum BiCMOS technology (John et al., 2002 and 2006). The LNA shows noise figures of about 6.2 dB at 77 GHz and simultaneously extremely high gain adjustable from nearly 0 dB up to 33 dB at 77 GHz. The possibility to fully disable the LNA completes the functionality of the presented circuit. To the knowledge of the author this combination demonstrates the best performance in noise and gain ever reported for a commercial BiCMOS process (Floyd, 2004 and 2005). Microstrip transmission lines in combination with integrated MIM capacitors are used as matching elements. The SiGe(C)-HBT demonstrates a typical maximum f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> performance of approx. 200 GHz, respectively
Slowed progression in models of huntington disease by adipose stem cell transplantation (2009)

Collectively, ASC transplantation slowed striatal degeneration and behavioral deterioration of HD models, possibly via secreted factors.
Self-Paced Video Data Augmentation with Dynamic Images Generated by Generative Adversarial Networks (2019)

There is an urgent need for an effective video classification method by means of a small number of samples. The deficiency of samples could be effectively alleviated by generating samples through Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), but the generation of videos on a typical category remains to be underexplored since the complex actions and the changeable viewpoints are difficult to simulate. In this paper, we propose a generative data augmentation method for temporal stream of the Temporal Segment Networks with the dynamic image. The dynamic image compresses the motion information of video into a still image, removing the interference factors such as the background. Thus it is easier to generate images with categorical motion information using GAN. We use the generated dynamic images to enhance the features, with regularization achieved as well, thereby to achieve the effect of video augmentation. In order to deal with the uneven quality of generated images, we propose a Self-Paced Selection (SPS) method, which automatically selects the high-quality generated samples to be added to the network training. Our method is verified on two benchmark datasets, HMDB51 and UCF101. The experimental results show that the method can improve the accuracy of video classification under the circumstance of sample insufficiency and sample imbalance.
Fishing Mortality and Movements of Adult Male King Crabs, Paralithodes camtschatica (Tilesius), Released Seaward from Kodiak Island, Alaska (1964)

In October 1960, 800 large male king crabs were tagged and released in two groups 12 miles off the coast of Kodiak Island in ocean waters 100 fathoms deep. Adult male crabs were abundant in this area as well as in adjacent areas. No evidence of separate stocks was obtained. Two hundred sixty-three of these tagged crabs were recaptured by American fishermen during the 218 days of fishing which occurred after tagging and prior to the molt season. Harvest of tagged animals was 33 percent excluding tag loss. Adult male king crabs were available for commercial harvest in state waters during winter and spring and available in international waters during summer and fall. Most of the tagged crabs were recaptured from state waters. All of those captured after January came from the bays, indicating that shoreward movements occur before this time. Travel towards shore and away from shore is more predominant than travel along the coast.
CHAPLAINCY – A RESOURCE OF CHRISTIAN PRESENCE (2000)

This article is an extract of a lecture by the late Tom Scott presented at Heriot- Watt University in 1979. Twenty-one years hindsight shows the authors clear train of thought and while much in chaplaincy has moved forward there is much remains the same. Tom explores: the changes the individual needs to make moving from minister to chaplain, issues of training, the temptation to develop chaplaincy as a department, and the opportunity the Church has to use chaplaincy for theological experiment.
An efficient communication protocol for high-speed packet-switched multichannel networks (1992)

This paper proposes a new media-access protocol for high-speed packet-switched multichannel networks based on a broadcast topology, for example, optical passive star networks using wavelength-division multiple access. The protocol supports connection-oriented traffic with or without bandwidth reservation as well as datagram traffic, in an attempt to integrate transport-layer functions with the media-access layer. It utilizes the bandwidth efficiently while keeping the processing requirements low by requiring stations to compute their transmission and reception schedules only at the start and end of each connection. A simple analysis shows that we can achieve low blocking probabilities for connections, as well as high network throughput.
Randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate <i>versus</i> placebo on insulin resistance after colorectal surgery (2010)

PIR involves the PI3K/PKB signalling pathway. Preoperative OCH intake improves preoperative subjective feelings of hunger and thirst compared with fasting, while attenuating PIR by stimulation of the PI3K/PKB pathway.