gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation to Treat Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease in 2 Young Boys (2014)

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (PMD) is a rare X-linked recessive leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the proteolipid protein 1 gene on the Xq22 chromosome. PMD is a dysmyelinating disorder characterized by variable clinical presentation and course. Symptoms range from mild motor deficits to progressive spasticity and neurologic decline resulting in death at an early age. There is no definitive curative treatment. This report presents the clinical course of 2 young boys with PMD who are the first known patients to receive umbilical cord blood transplantation as a therapeutic intervention to stabilize disease progression. Pretransplantation evaluation revealed that both patients had significant motor deficits as well as delayed cognitive function as compared with age-matched peers. Brain imaging revealed varying degrees of hypomyelination. Both patients received myeloablative chemotherapy followed by an unrelated donor umbilical cord blood infusion, which they tolerated well with no major transplantation-related complications. At 7-years and 1-year posttransplantation, respectively, both boys are making slow neurocognitive improvements and show no evidence of functional decline. Imaging results show stable or improving myelination. Although the results of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood transplantation in these 2 boys with PMD are encouraging, longer-term follow-up will be necessary to assess the effect of this treatment on the variable natural disease course.
국내 시공책임형 CM 오픈북 정책 현황 분석을 통한 개선방안 (2016)

건설산업의 변화에 따라 글로벌 수준의 사업관리 기술력과 서비스 역량의 중요성 증대 및 새로운 발주방식의 필요성에 의해 시공책임형 CM방식이 국내 건설산업에 적용되었다. 하지만 시공책임형 CM에 대한 인식부족, 오픈북 정책에 대한 신뢰성 부족 그리고 CM기업의 시공책임형 CM에 대한 기술력 및 관리 능력 부족 등으로 인해 국내 시공책임형 CM 활성화가 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 CM기업 중 시공책임형 CM실적이 가장 높은 A기업의 33개 프로젝트를 계약유형, 오픈북 정책 항목, 계약조건에 대한 문제점들을 분석하였다. 그리고 시공책임형 CM에서 오픈북 정책을 정착하기 위한 방안을 구성원 교육 강화를 통한 고객만족도 강화부분, 자금청구 시스템 개선을 통한 추가 현장업무 최소화 부분, 현장 성과평가 방식 개선을 통한 오픈북 정책 정착 유도 방안으로 구분하여 제시하였다. 이러한 개선방안을 통해 시장 주도권 확보, CM서비스 차별화, 발주자 공감대 형성을 통한 신뢰성 확보 그리고 CM의 본질 유지를 통한 공감성 형성이 가능할 것으로 기대한다. 또한 본 연구는 시공책임형 CM에 대한 경쟁력 향상과 차별화 전략에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
Redox reactions in Prussian blue containing paint layers as a result of light exposure (2013)

Prussian blue, a mixed valence pigment, typically KFeIII[FeII(CN)6]·xH2O, was the most widely used blue artistic pigment from ca. 1720 to the 1970's but, unfortunately, its paint layers, especially when used in conjunction with a white pigment, tend to fade or turn green upon extended exposure to light. In order to identify the mechanism underlying these changes, paint layers have been prepared with differing amounts of these white pigments and subjected to accelerated light exposure fading. The resulting unfaded and faded paint layers as well as both the Berlin white pigment, Fe2II[FeII(CN)6], and the partially oxidized Berlin green pigment, {KFeIII[FeII(CN)6]}x{FeIII[FeIII(CN)6]}1−x, have been characterized by Raman and iron-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results indicate that, upon fading, the Prussian blue pigment painted with a linseed oil binder and (PbCO3)2Pb(OH)2 or ZnO, and to a lesser extent with TiO2, undergoes a reduction at the exposed paint surface and an oxidation in the bulk of the paint layer. This combined reduction and oxidation disrupts, at least in part, the FeIII–N–C–FeII intervalent electron transfer pathways in Prussian blue thus leading to pigment fading through a reduction in the intervalent electron transfer absorbance at about 700 nm.
A 1GHz digital channel multiplexer for satellite OutDoor Unit based on a 65nm CMOS transceiver (2009)

Satellite digital TV broadcast reception today requires a multiple Low-Noise Block (multi-LNB) head on the dish, as well as a multi-tuner set-top box (STB). Connecting multiple OutDoor Units (ODU) to the set-top boxes traditionally needed multiple cables. A first step has been achieved with so-called satellite Channel Stacking Switch™ technology (CSS), able to deliver the full suite of TV programs to all STBs in a single home through a reduced number of cables. However, this pure analog/RF technology does not offer enough flexibility in terms of the number of simultaneous users (12 users maximum) and requires multiple external components like SAW filters, increasing significantly the cost of the solution [1]. Introducing digital processing in this RF dominated application to sort and assemble user channels removes the need of in-band SAW filters, offers full flexibility of channel selection, and supports up to 50 users simultaneously.
Scalable Blockchain-based Architecture for Massive IoT Reconfiguration (2019)

With billions of IoT devices expected in the next few years, their management is an important issue to be resolved and, while being praised in the past decades, the centralized approach of cloud computing may not be adequate at this massive scale. In this context, the introduction of blockchain technology with a distributed approach has raised a lot of hypes in solving this scalability problem. This paper proposes a blockchain-based architecture design for scalable reconfiguration of massive IoT devices. A REST API event-based publish/subscribe mechanism is used to decouple the IoT devices from the blockchain operations for reducing resource utilization. Moreover, smart contracts, reconfiguration workflows are developed to facilitate the blockchain-based update process. To evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed architecture, a proof-of-concept testbed has been developed. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed architecture is capable of providing a scalable solution for delivering on-demand configuration changes with a negligible effect on the resource utilization on IoT devices.
Failure to detect altered rosette inhibition titres in human pregnancy serum (1981)

Six anti-lymphocyte antisera and 6 anti-lymphocyte globulin preparations were tested on serum from women in the first and second trimester of pregnancy and on appropriate sera from non-pregnant controls. There were no differences and the results do not confirm the claim that the serum of pregnant women contains a factor that will prevent human lymphocytes forming spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells, and that this serum factor makes its appearance early in pregnancy.
Spin‐lattice relaxation time measurement by means of a TurboFLASH technique (1993)

Rapid measurements of in vivo proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) in human tissues were performed by magnetic resonance imaging in a 1.5 T whole-body super-conducting MR scanner. The measurements employ serial TurboFLASH imaging (Snapshot-FLASH) with scan times for a single experiment below 4 s. Using centric phase encoding order, an appropriate fitting of the T1-parameter from images with minimum motion artifacts is possible. Comparative T1-determination with a multipoint inversion recovery and spin-echo technique was performed on phantoms containing Gd-DTPA solutions with different T1-values. We found a maximum deviation of 3.3% for T1 < 1100 ms and of 12.1% for 1100 ms < T1 < 1700 ms from the results obtained by the IR technique. In vivo measurements of T1-relaxation times were performed in white and grey matter, cerebrospinal fluid, kidney, liver, spleen, muscle, and bone marrow, and yielded values that are in good agreement with reported data.
Recursive agent modeling with probabilistic velocity obstacles for mobile robot navigation among humans (2004)

An approach to motion planning among moving obstacles is presented, whereby obstacles are modeled as intelligent decision-making agents. The decision-making processes of the obstacles are assumed to be similar to that of the mobile robot. A probabilistic extension to the velocity obstacle approach is used as a means for navigation and modeling uncertainty about the moving obstacles' decisions.
Deposition of Atomic Beams (1958)

The efficiency of sticking is known to be dependent on temperature of the surface. Knowledge in this field for the benefit of workers in molecular beams is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on condensation or sticking coefficients, critical temperatures for condensation, and binding energies of atoms on surfaces. Two theonies of deposition of atomic beams are reviewed. (W.D.W.)
Antibodies against mouse nerve growth factor interfere <i>in vivo</i> with the development of avian sensory and sympathetic neurones (1988)

The monoclonal antibody 27/21 directed against mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) interferes in vivo with the survival of sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones during the development of the quail embryo: the number of DRG neurones at embryonic day 11 (E11) was reduced by about 30% in embryos treated with the antibody between E3 and E11. Neurone numbers in the nodose ganglion were not affected. The effect of NGF antibodies on sympathetic neurones was assessed by determining the levels of the adrenergic marker enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. Both total tyrosine hydroxylase activity and protein levels in sympathetic chains were reduced by about 30% in embryos treated with 27/21 antibody but not in embryos treated with a control antibody. The 27/21 antibody cross-reacts with chick NGF-like activity as shown in vitro by the ability of the antibody to partially block the survival activity of chick-embryo-fibroblast-conditioned medium for E9 chick DRG neurones.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Poorly Responsive to Single-Dose Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients without Barrett's Esophagus: Acid Reflux, Bile Reflux, or Both? (2004)

Combined pH and Bilitec monitoring is superior to pH monitoring alone in demonstrating ongoing pathological reflux in patients with medically poorly responsive reflux disease.
Stereo Matching via Disparity Estimation and Surface Modeling (2007)

Two new techniques are proposed to improve stereo matching performance in this work. First, to address the disparity discontinuity problem in occluded regions, we present a disparity estimation procedure, which consists of two steps; namely, a greedy disparity filling algorithm and a least-squared-errors (LSE) fitting method. Second, it is observed that the existing fronto-parallel model with color segmentation is built upon the piecewise constant surface approximation, which is however not efficient in approximating slanted or curved objects. We use a piecewise linear surface model to represent 3-dimensional (3D) geometric structure for better surface modeling. The proposed stereo matching system with these two new components is evaluated with Middlebury data sets with excellent quantitative and qualitative results.
Affibody Molecules in Protein Capture Microarrays:  Evaluation of Multidomain Ligands and Different Detection Formats (2006)

The importance of the ligand presentation format for the production of protein capture microarrays was evaluated using different Affibody molecules, produced either as single 6 kDa monomers or genetically linked head-to-tail multimers containing up to four domains. The performances in terms of selectivity and sensitivity of the monomeric and the multidomain Affibody molecules were compared by immobilization of the ligands on microarray slides, followed by incubation with fluorescent-labeled target protein. An increase in signal intensities for the multimers was demonstrated, with the most pronounced difference observed between monomers and dimers. A protein microarray containing six different dimeric Affibody ligands with specificity for IgA, IgE, IgG, TNF-alpha, insulin, or Taq DNA polymerase was characterized for direct detection of fluorescent-labeled analytes. No cross-reactivity was observed and the limits of detection were 600 fM for IgA, 20 pM for IgE, 70 fM for IgG, 20 pM for TNF-alpha, 60 pM for insulin, and 10 pM for Taq DNA polymerase. Also, different sandwich formats for detection of unlabeled protein were evaluated and used for selective detection of IgA or TNF-alpha in human serum or plasma samples, respectively. Finally, the presence of IgA was determined using detection of directly Cy5-labeled normal or IgA-deficient serum samples.
Conveyor-belt clock synchronization (2004)

A protocol for synchronizing distant clocks is proposed that does not rely on the arrival times of the signals which are exchanged, and an optical implementation based on coherent-state pulses is described. This protocol is not limited by any dispersion that may be present in the propagation medium through which the light signals are exchanged. Possible improvements deriving from the use of quantum-mechanical effects are also addressed.
Magnetic particles with perpendicular anisotropy for mechanical cancer cell destruction (2017)

We demonstrate the effectiveness of out-of-plane magnetized magnetic microdiscs for cancer treatment through mechanical cell disruption under an applied rotating magnetic field. The magnetic particles are synthetic antiferromagnets formed from a repeated motif of ultrathin CoFeB/Pt layers. In-vitro studies on glioma cells are used to compare the efficiency of the CoFeB/Pt microdiscs with Py vortex microdiscs. It is found that the CoFeB/Pt microdiscs are able to damage 62 ± 3% of cancer cells compared with 12 ± 2% after applying a 10 kOe rotating field for one minute. The torques applied by each type of particle are measured and are shown to match values predicted by a simple Stoner-Wohlfarth anisotropy model, giving maximum values of 20 fNm for the CoFeB/Pt and 75 fNm for the Py vortex particles. The symmetry of the anisotropy is argued to be more important than the magnitude of the torque in causing effective cell destruction in these experiments. This work shows how future magnetic particles can be successfully designed for applications requiring control of applied torques.
Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the mixed crystals system (CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>11(1-<i>x</i>)</sub>Br<sub>11<i>x</i></sub> (1996)

Abstract Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of the mixed crystals system, (CH3NH3)5Bi2Cl11x (0 < x < 1), were systematically investigated. Temperature dependence of ξ c in the vicinity of ferro-paraelectric phase transition was measured for the crystals with x = 0.91, 0.44, 0.27 0.05 in the frequency region 1 kHz-1 MHz. The substitution of bromine atoms by chlorine ones and vice versa, drastically reduces the magnitude of ξ c at Tc but does not influence on the temperature behaviour of the spontaneous polarization.
Primary but not metastatic human melanomas expressing dr antigens stimulate autologous lymphocytes (1984)

Lymphocytes from melanoma patients were stimulated in mixed culture with autologous tumor cells (MLTC) in order to evaluate lymphocyte proliferation and subsequent cytotoxicity on autologous melanoma cells. It was found that melanoma cells from lymph node metastases were unable to induce autologous tumor-cytotoxic cells in 21 cases examined, in 15 of which MLTC also failed to induce lymphocyte proliferation. Patients' lymphocytes, however, were significantly stimulated by allogeneic irradiated lymphocytes and by interleukin 2. To investigate whether the lack of autologous stimulation was restricted to metastatic cells, the immune response of patients with only primary lesions of malignant melanoma was evaluated. It was found that primary melanoma cells were able to induce proliferation in 7 out of 9 (77%) patients, whereas positive cytotoxicity was obtained in 2 out of 4 patients tested. In order to see whether the presence of DR molecules was important for the stimulatory activity, melanoma cells were examined for the expression of DR antigens by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. Positive autologous MLTC was found in all of six DR+ primary melanomas, whereas the two DR-tumors were unable to stimulate autologous lymphocytes. An anti-DR but not an anti-DC monoclonal antibody was able to block the proliferation of lymphocytes induced by an autologous primary melanoma. Neither MLTC nor cell-mediated killing was obtained with either DR+ or DR-metastatic melanoma. In 60% of the cases tested, however, DR+ metastatic melanoma cells were able to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes of normal individuals. Increased expression of DR antigens was induced by in vitro treatment with human gamma-interferon in metastatic tumor cells; this caused an increase in the proliferation of allogeneic but not autologous lymphocytes. These findings indicate that primary but not metastatic DR+ melanoma cells are able to activate the proliferation and cytotoxicity of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes, suggesting a potential role of DR antigens in regulating tumor-host relationships in melanoma patients.
Double-blind crossover comparison of ketoprofen, naproxen, and placebo in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. (1991)

Sixty-three women, aged 18 to 39 years, with primary dysmenorrhea received 25 mg, 50 mg, or 75 mg of ketoprofen, 500 mg of naproxen, or placebo as a first dose at the onset of moderate or severe pain. Each patient received three treatments and each treatment was tested in 36 patients. Mean pain relief scores (on a five-point scale) indicated a significant analgesic response for all active treatments; superiority over placebo was shown by ketoprofen 50 mg for six hours, by ketoprofen 75 mg for five hours, by ketoprofen 25 mg for four hours, and by naproxen for four hours. The onset of pain relief and peak relief were reached faster and pain relief lasted longer after 75 mg and 50 mg of ketoprofen than after 25 mg of ketoprofen or 500 mg of naproxen, which in turn were superior to placebo. Treatment was rated good to excellent by 20 patients after 25 mg of ketoprofen, by 26 after 50 mg, and by 28 after 75 mg, and by 22 after naproxen and 11 after placebo. The incidence of side effects was similar in the ketoprofen-treated and naproxen-treated patients.
Microarray Analysis of Human Monocytes Infected with Francisella tularensis Identifies New Targets of Host Response Subversion (2008)

Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative facultative bacterium that causes the disease tularemia, even upon exposure to low numbers of bacteria. One critical characteristic of Francisella is its ability to dampen or subvert the host immune response. In order to help understand the mechanisms by which this occurs, we performed Affymetrix microarray analysis on transcripts from blood monocytes infected with the virulent Type A Schu S4 strain. Results showed that expression of several host response genes were reduced such as those associated with interferon signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, autophagy and phagocytosis. When compared to microarrays from monocytes infected with the less virulent F. tularensis subsp. novicida, we found qualitative differences and also a general pattern of quantitatively reduced pro-inflammatory signaling pathway genes in the Schu S4 strain. Notably, the PI3K/Akt1 pathway appeared specifically down-regulated following Schu S4 infection and a concomitantly lower cytokine response was observed. This study identifies several new factors potentially important in host cell subversion by the virulent Type A F. tularensis that may serve as novel targets for drug discovery.
THE ELECTRIC RESISTANCE AND CAPACITY OF BLOOD FOR FREQUENCIES BETWEEN 800 AND 4½ MILLION CYCLES (1925)

1. The variation of the experimental values (R (omega)), (C (omega)) of the resistance and capacity of blood for increasing frequencies is approximately represented by the equation: See PDF for Equation in which R(o) and C(o) are the resistance and capacity of the blood at low frequency and See PDF for Equation is the resistance of the blood at infinite frequency. Formulae (1) and (2) are derived by considering the blood as equivalent to the system shown in the diagram (a) of Fig. 1. 2. By the application of formula (1) to our experimental data the value of R(infinity) can be extrapolated with high accuracy. R(infinity) represents the resistance) which would have been obtained at low frequency, if the membranes around the corpuscles could have been removed. 3. The specific resistance of the corpuscle interior can be calculated by equation (5), using experimental values for R(infinity), for the volume concentration of the blood and for the specific resistance of the serum. 4. The specific resistance of the interior of the red corpuscle of the calf is found to be 3.5 +/- 10 per cent times the specific resistance of the serum.
Automatic Optic Disc Detection From Retinal Images by a Line Operator (2010)

Under the framework of computer-aided eye disease diagnosis, this paper presents an automatic optic disc (OD) detection technique. The proposed technique makes use of the unique circular brightness structure associated with the OD, i.e., the OD usually has a circular shape and is brighter than the surrounding pixels whose intensity becomes darker gradually with their distances from the OD center. A line operator is designed to capture such circular brightness structure, which evaluates the image brightness variation along multiple line segments of specific orientations that pass through each retinal image pixel. The orientation of the line segment with the minimum/maximum variation has specific pattern that can be used to locate the OD accurately. The proposed technique has been tested over four public datasets that include 130, 89, 40, and 81 images of healthy and pathological retinas, respectively. Experiments show that the designed line operator is tolerant to different types of retinal lesion and imaging artifacts, and an average OD detection accuracy of 97.4% is obtained.
Between Liberalism and Social Democracy: A Comment on Tushnet (2002)

I construct Professor Tushnet's article as offering an account of societies on a legal continuum. At one end lies the classical liberal state. Here the legal system articulates a thin set of background rules that regulate the market transactions through which goods are distributed. Courts enforce rules against force, fraud, and breach of contracts. By means of police power courts have some discretion to identify forms of force, fraud, or breach of contract not explicitly articulated by legislated code. In the classical liberal state, courts also strike down laws that intentionally deprive a class of people of goods they would normally receive through market transactions in the absence of these restrictions. At the other end of this continuum lies the social democratic state. Constitutional rules and legislation set out a wide system of entitlements, for example, to goods such as pensions, healthcare, education, nursery care, basic income support, and protection for union organizing. These goods are either provided directly by the state and publicly-owned enterprises through tax revenues and income, respectively, or by regulated private institutions. Whatever form the implementation of social democratic entitlements takes, the state has well developed, legally coherent, and democratically legitimate bureaucracies for doing so. In the social democratic state the system of entitlements is a central aspect of the state's constitution, with which its other provisions must be consistent. The system also conditions the background rules of property, contract, and tort throughout the legal system. [CONT]