gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and Enzymatic Studies of the T4 DNA Replication System (1989)

In this study, we have investigated the structural and physical properties of the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase accessory proteins. We find that T4 gene 44 and 62 proteins associate to form a tight, highly homogeneous complex, containing four gene 44 protein subunits and one gene 62 protein subunit. The molecular mass of the complex is 163,700 daltons. Sedimentation results suggest that the complex is quite asymmetric, with a prolate ellipsoid axial ratio of about 5:1. This protein complex is known to carry a DNA-dependent ATPase activity; we show by photoaffinity labeling that the ATP-binding sites reside in the gene 44 protein subunits of the complex. Equilibrium sedimentation and chemical cross-linking studies indicate that the T4 gene 45 protein self-associates to form a trimer in solution. This trimer species also appears to be quite asymmetric, showing an axial ratio for a prolate ellipsoid of about 6:1, assuming normal hydration.
Mercury resistance as a selective marker for recombinant mycobacteria (1995)

The use of antibiotic-resistance markers for the selection of recombinant mycobacteria is widespread but questionable considering the development of live recombinant BCG vaccines. In contrast, vector-encoded resistance to heavy metals such as mercury may represent an interesting alternative for the development of live vaccines compatible with use in humans and in animals. The mercury resistance genes (mer) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and from Serratia marcescens were cloned into the Escherichia coli-Mycobacterium shuttle vector pRR3. The resulting vectors, designated pMR001 and pVN2, were introduced by electroporation into Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The recombinant mycobacteria were stable in vitro and in vivo, and had high-level mercury resistance, thus indicating that the mer genes can be useful as selective markers in mycobacteria.
Evidence for the anorexia of aging: gastrointestinal transit and hunger in healthy elderly vs. young adults (1997)

Animal studies suggest that aging is associated with anorexia and disordered gastrointestinal transit. To determine whether there is a relationship between the effects of aging on appetite and gastrointestinal transit in humans, 19 young (age 23-50 yr) and 14 elderly (age 70-84 yr) normal volunteers underwent measurements of 1) desire to eat, hunger, and fullness (visual analog scales); 2) gastric emptying (scintigraphy); 3) orocecal transit (breath hydrogen); 4) total gut transit (radiopaque markers); and 5) autonomic nerve function (cardiovascular reflexes). We found that, postprandially, elderly subjects had less desire to eat (P < 0.05) and less hunger (P < 0.05), but not a significantly greater fullness than younger subjects. Gastric emptying (50% emptying time) for solid (182 +/- 26 vs. 127 +/- 13 min, P < 0.05) and liquid (47 +/- 4 vs. 35 +/- 3 min, P < 0.05) meal components was slower in elderly subjects. Postprandial hunger was inversely related (r = -0.39, P < 0.05) to solid gastric emptying. There were no significant differences in orocecal and total gut transit times between the two groups. Autonomic nerve function was abnormal in 11 elderly but none of the young subjects (P < 0.01). We conclude that aging is associated with 1) diminished desire to eat and hunger, 2) slowing of solid and liquid gastric emptying, 3 no change in orocecal and total gut transit, and 4) autonomic nerve dysfunction. The slowing of gastric emptying may contribute to anorexia in aging subjects.
Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) (2010)

We present SLIM, a new optical method measuring optical pathlength changes of 0.3 nm spatially and 0.03 nm temporally. SLIM combines two classic ideas in light imaging: Zernike’s phase contrast microscopy and Gabor’s holography.
Pixon‐based multiresolution image reconstruction and the quantification of picture information content (1995)

Abstract This article reviews pixon‐based image reconstruction, which in its current formulation uses a multiresolution language to quantify an image's algorithmic information content (AIC) using Bayesian techniques. Each pixon (or its generalization, the information ) represents a fundamental quanta of an image's AIC, and an image's pixon basis represents the minimum degrees of freedom necessary to describe the image within the accuracy of the noise. We demonstrate with a number of examples that pixon‐based image reconstruction yields results consistently superior to popular competing methods, including maximum likelihood and maximum entropy methods. Typical improvements include higher spatial resolution, greater sensitivity to faint sources, and immunity to the production of spurious sources and signal correlated residuals. Finally, we show how the pixon provides a generalization of the Akaike information criterion, and how it relates to concepts of “coarse graining” and the role of the Heisenberg uncertainly principle in statistical mechanics, provides a mechanism for optimal data compression, and represents a more optimal basis for image compression or reconstruction than wavelets.
GaInNAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (1998)

GaInNAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with different N composition were successfully grown on semi-insulating GaAs substrate by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. A nitrogen radical beam source was used to incorporate N into GaInAs layers. High resolution x-ray rocking curves measurements indicate that the N composition in GaInNAs layer was increased from 0.009 to 0.03 with increasing N2 flow rate. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show that the PL wavelength red shifts with increasing N composition in GaInNAs layer. For a 7-period Ga0.7In0.3N0.02As0.98/GaAs MQW, a PL peak at 1.3 μm wavelength at room temperature has been successfully obtained. The band offset ΔEc for Ga0.7In0.3NxAs1−x/GaAs enlarges quickly from 0.26 eV to 0.56 eV with increasing N concentration from 0% to 3%.
Critical Concentrations Associated with Cobalt, Cerium, and Molybdenum Inhibition of AA2024-T3 Corrosion: Delivery from Al-Co-Ce(-Mo) Alloys (2005)

Corrosion inhibition of aluminum alloy (AA)2024-T3 (UNS A92024) in sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions after pretreatments in solutions containing Ce(III), Co(II), or Mo(VI) ions are reported. The extent of Cu replating on AA2024-T3 surfaces and the reduction of the oxygen reduction reaction were utilized as key indicators of inhibitor potency. Critical inhibitor concentrations were determined independently for each inhibitor at several NaCl concentrations. Anodic inhibition by Mo(VI) addition and its critical anodic inhibitor concentration were also determined. The inhibition of oxygen reduction on AA2024-T3 by Ce(III), Co(II), Co(III), and Mo(VI) was observed. Subsequently it was demonstrated that the corrosion of AA2024-T3 in NaCl could be inhibited by the release of Co(II) and Ce(III) ions during exposure to a sacrificially corroding amorphous Al-Co-Ce alloy. This alloy served as a source of the same inhibitor ions as discussed above, and critical inhibitor concentrations of Co(II) and Ce(III) ions were obtained in a small volume cell. Hence, the active chemical inhibition of corrosion via an Al-Co-Ce metal coating serving as a source of inhibitor ions has been demonstrated.
Synthese und physikalische Eigenschaften erster 5, 5′‐verbrückter Bis(1,3‐dithiolylium‐4‐olate (1987)

Abstract Die Synthese und spektroskopischen Eigenschaften der neuen Titelverbindungen vom Typ 6 und 17 , die zwei identische mesoionische Systeme über die 5‐Stellungen gebunden enthalten, sowie die Polymerisation zu 18 und die Dimerisierung von 6c–e zu 20a–c werden beschrieben.
Improving the Detection Accuracy of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar (2018)

Frequency modulated continuous wave radar is used to measure the target's distance and velocity. This paper presents a comparison of different signal processing algorithms that improve FMCW radar detection. The algorithms are studied and validated by simulation. The radar is simulated to detect stationary targets at different considerable distances in order to prove the validity of the algorithms. Signal processing algorithms used in this paper are based on Fast Fourier Transform, windowing, zero-padding, Chirp-Z transform and Jacobsen's frequency estimator. The paper shows the results found using each algorithm and offers a comparison among them.
Discovery of Spiro-azaindoline Inhibitors of Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 (HPK1) (2021)

Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is implicated as a negative regulator of T-cell receptor-induced T-cell activation. Studies using HPK1 kinase-dead knock-in animals have demonstrated the loss of HPK1 kinase activity resulted in an increase in T-cell function and tumor growth inhibition in glioma models. Herein, we describe the discovery of a series of small molecule inhibitors of HPK1. Using a structure-based drug design approach, the kinase selectivity of the molecules was significantly improved by inducing and stabilizing an unusual P-loop folded binding mode. The metabolic liabilities of the initial 7-azaindole high-throughput screening hit were mitigated by addressing a key metabolic soft spot along with physicochemical property-based optimization. The resulting spiro-azaindoline HPK1 inhibitors demonstrated improved <i>in vitro</i> ADME properties and the ability to induce cytokine production in primary human T-cells.
Exercises in Molecular Computing (2014)

CONSPECTUS: The successes of electronic digital logic have transformed every aspect of human life over the last half-century. The word "computer" now signifies a ubiquitous electronic device, rather than a human occupation. Yet evidently humans, large assemblies of molecules, can compute, and it has been a thrilling challenge to develop smaller, simpler, synthetic assemblies of molecules that can do useful computation. When we say that molecules compute, what we usually mean is that such molecules respond to certain inputs, for example, the presence or absence of other molecules, in a precisely defined but potentially complex fashion. The simplest way for a chemist to think about computing molecules is as sensors that can integrate the presence or absence of multiple analytes into a change in a single reporting property. Here we review several forms of molecular computing developed in our laboratories. When we began our work, combinatorial approaches to using DNA for computing were used to search for solutions to constraint satisfaction problems. We chose to work instead on logic circuits, building bottom-up from units based on catalytic nucleic acids, focusing on DNA secondary structures in the design of individual circuit elements, and reserving the combinatorial opportunities of DNA for the representation of multiple signals propagating in a large circuit. Such circuit design directly corresponds to the intuition about sensors transforming the detection of analytes into reporting properties. While this approach was unusual at the time, it has been adopted since by other groups working on biomolecular computing with different nucleic acid chemistries. We created logic gates by modularly combining deoxyribozymes (DNA-based enzymes cleaving or combining other oligonucleotides), in the role of reporting elements, with stem-loops as input detection elements. For instance, a deoxyribozyme that normally exhibits an oligonucleotide substrate recognition region is modified such that a stem-loop closes onto the substrate recognition region, making it unavailable for the substrate and thus rendering the deoxyribozyme inactive. But a conformational change can then be induced by an input oligonucleotide, complementary to the loop, to open the stem, allow the substrate to bind, and allow its cleavage to proceed, which is eventually reported via fluorescence. In this Account, several designs of this form are reviewed, along with their application in the construction of large circuits that exhibited complex logical and temporal relationships between the inputs and the outputs. Intelligent (in the sense of being capable of nontrivial information processing) theranostic (therapy + diagnostic) applications have always been the ultimate motivation for developing computing (i.e., decision-making) circuits, and we review our experiments with logic-gate elements bound to cell surfaces that evaluate the proximal presence of multiple markers on lymphocytes.
FSK detection using frequency estimator (1995)

A receiver for FSK in noise is proposed based on the use of an unbiased minimum-variance frequency estimator. It allows a complete digital implementation, and is robust in that knowledge of the frequency deviation and carrier phase is not required. The BER of the receiver is obtained using computer simulations.
Wave-Mixing Circular Dichroism Detector for Chiral Liquid Chromatography (2010)

A circular dichroism (CD) detector based on laser four-wave mixing (FWM) is demonstrated using separate injections of analyte enantiomers onto a standard silica-based microbore high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. Using the chiral column, a preliminary "detected" mass detection limit of 180 pg is determined inside a laser probe volume of 200 pL, corresponding to a circular dichroism detection limit, DeltaA, of 2.2 x 10(-5) for (-) camphorquinone. Detection sensitivity levels are dramatically improved when our FWM-CD detector is interfaced to a microbore system due to the lower mobile-phase flow rates and the smaller sample concentrations required for the analysis. Using the microbore column, a preliminary circular dichroism detection limit, DeltaA, of 1.6 x 10(-6) and a preliminary concentration detection limit of 4.1 x 10(-4) M are determined for camphorquinone. This corresponds to a "detected" mass detection limit of 33 pg for the chiral compound. Laser wave mixing offers better detection limits than conventional circular dichroism detection methods and, hence, offers many promising applications.
Role of Fatty Acids in the Pathogenesis of Obesity and Fatty Liver: Impact of Bariatric Surgery (2008)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spans a spectrum from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis. Simple steatosis is the substrate upon which the more serious entities in the spectrum develop; it is the first "hit" in the multistep pathogenesis of NASH, which is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Demonstration of the existence of regulatable fatty acid transport mechanisms has contributed to clarifying the role of fatty acid disposition in obesity, the various components of NAFLD, and the metabolic syndrome. Hepatic steatosis is closely linked to obesity. This linkage is based on the fact that obesity results in marked enlargement of the intraabdominal visceral fat depots. The eventual development of insulin resistance leads to continuous lipolysis within these depots, releasing fatty acids into the portal circulation, where they are rapidly translocated to the liver and reassembled into triglycerides. Reactive oxygen species, generated in the liver from oxidation of fatty acids, are precipitating factors in the cascade of events leading from simple steatosis to NASH. Dysregulation of fatty acid disposition, with ectopic lipid accumulation in other tissues, is a major contributing factor to other components of the metabolic syndrome. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity, but its role in the management of the various forms of fatty liver disease is unclear. Our review of the literature that includes both initial and follow-up liver biopsies suggests that most obese patients with simple steatosis and NASH who undergo bariatric surgery will achieve improvement in hepatic histology, but that occasional patients, especially those who lose weight very rapidly, may show worsening of either fibrosis or steatohepatitis.
Measurement of High Q Cavities at 10,000 Megacycles (1947)

Known methods of measuring Q in high Q resonant cavities, together with their accuracies and sources of error are discussed. For relatively low values of Q and of frequency, it is shown that band width methods are more accurate than decrement methods. For values of Q above 30,000 at frequencies above 3,000 megacycles the reverse is true. The significant feature of the present method, the wide range heterodyne decrement method, is that the accuracy is improved by observing the decay over a relatively long interval of time. An absolute accuracy of plus or minus three per cent and a relative accuracy of plus or minus two per cent are achieved. Design features and performance are discussed and constructional details are presented.
초등학생들의 인라인 스케이트와 수영운동의 골밀도와 체격 및 체력비교 (2002)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of inline-skate exercise on bone mineral density (BMD), physical features and physical strength among elementary school students. The subjects of this study, consist of three groups (inline-skate athletes, and non-exercises, students) on fifth or sixth grade male students of the elementary students. The BMD, physical features and physical strength were measured for this study. The inline-skate athletes group had a higher score significantly that the non-exercises students group in BMD, whereas the inline-skate athletes group had lower %fat significantly that the non-exercises students group. In the factors of physical fitness, the inline-skate athletes the swimming athletes had higher scores significantly that the non-exercises students in muscular endurance, flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance. Inline-skate exercise, therefore, is more suggestible exercise than the swimming exercise because it enables children to promote their balanced growth or development.
Bactericidal and cytotoxic effects of hypothiocyanite-hydrogen peroxide mixtures (1984)

Lactoperoxidase catalyzes the oxidation of thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxide into hypothiocyanite, a reaction which can protect bacterial and mammalian cells from killing by hydrogen peroxide. The present study demonstrates, however, that lactoperoxidase in the presence of thiocyanate can actually potentiate the bactericidal and cytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide under specific conditions, such as when hydrogen peroxide is present in the reaction mixtures in excess of thiocyanate. The toxic agent was also formed in the absence of lactoperoxidase in a reaction between hypothiocyanite and hydrogen peroxide. Sulfate, sulfite, cyanate, carbonate, and ammonia, which have been postulated to be formed in the chemical oxidation of hypothiocyanite by hydrogen peroxide, were not bactericidal and did not potentiate the bactericidal effect of hydrogen peroxide. Cyanosulfurous acid, the only other postulated product of the chemical oxidation of hypothiocyanite by hydrogen peroxide, may be the killing agent.
Road Segmentation Using CNN with GRU (2018)

This paper presents an accurate and fast algorithm for road segmentation using convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent units (GRU). For autonomous vehicles, road segmentation is a fundamental task that can provide the drivable area for path planning. The existing deep neural network based segmentation algorithms usually take a very deep encoder-decoder structure to fuse pixels, which requires heavy computations, large memory and long processing time. Hereby, a CNN-GRU network model is proposed and trained to perform road segmentation using data captured by the front camera of a vehicle. GRU network obtains a long spatial sequence with lower computational complexity, comparing to traditional encoder-decoder architecture. The proposed road detector is evaluated on the KITTI road benchmark and achieves high accuracy for road segmentation at real-time processing speed.
Fatty acid composition of wild and farmed Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) and rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) (2005)

The goal of this study was to examine the FA composition of wild and farmed Atlantic salmon (AS) and rainbow trout (RT). FA profiles were obtained by GC/FID. Results showed that lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated FA contents of farmed and wild AS were similar. Total n-3 and n-6 PUFA were significantly higher in farmed AS than in wild AS. Farmed RT contained more fat and less n-3 PUFA than wild RT. Our results show that farmed salmonids provide high levels of n-3 HUFA to consumers.
Adaptive state tracking (1988)

The problem of adaptive state tracking is considered, where a specified state is required to follow the reference input signal. It is assumed that the system is completely controllable and observable, but the particular state is not directly available for measurement and the measurements are contaminated with stochastic noise. It is also assumed that there is little prior knowledge of the reference input, and its parameters have to be detected by the control system. The recursive prediction error (RPE) method is used for joint estimation of the parameters and states of the process to be controlled. The controller design is based on the placement of the poles and zeros of the state tracking error transfer function. As a result, adaptive state tracking is obtained for arbitrary external reference signals.
High-dose therapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for patients with lymphoma (1989)

Forty patients with refractory Hodgkin's disease (24 patients) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (16 patients) who were considered for high-dose therapy but not for autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) due to BM metastases, previous pelvic irradiation, a history of marrow involvement by tumor or hypocellular marrow in conventional harvest sites received high-dose therapy and autologous peripheral blood (PB) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Disappearance of circulating neutrophils and development of RBC and platelet transfusion-dependence was followed, in the evaluable patients, by reappearance of 0.5 x 10(9)/L circulating granulocytes and sufficient platelets to obviate the need for platelet transfusions at a median of 25 days after transplantation. Twenty-three patients experienced a clinical complete remission (CR). The projected 2-year event-free survival was 24% for all 40 patients and 49% for the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. The projected 18-month event-free survival for the Hodgkin's disease patients was 15%. PB stem cell transplantation provided an opportunity to administer high-dose salvage therapy to patients with refractory lymphoma who otherwise were not candidates for such therapy. For some of those patients, the high-dose therapy produced prolonged survival, free of tumor progression.
A Platform to Support Anytime, Anywhere, Just-for-me M-Learning (2007)

Today, mobile learning has become the heir of electronic learning. M-learning provides a new learning experience, even though it introduces new research challenges and opens issues which need to be faced. This paper proposes a new platform based on the concepts of push services, instant messaging, and SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). The platform addresses the actual conceptual and technological limitations of existing m-learning solutions and it supports our new learning paradigm anytime + anywhere + just for me.