gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Route of Adenovirus-Based HIV-1 Vaccine Delivery Impacts the Phenotype and Trafficking of Vaccine-Elicited CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Lymphocytes (2010)

Candidate HIV-1 vaccine regimens utilizing intramuscularly (i.m.) administered recombinant adenovirus (rAd)-based vectors can induce potent mucosal cellular immunity. However, the degree to which mucosal rAd vaccine routing might alter the quality and anatomic distribution of vaccine-elicited CD8(+) T lymphocytes remains unclear. We show that the route of vaccination critically impacts not only the magnitude but also the phenotype and trafficking of antigen-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes in mice. I.m. rAd immunization induced robust local transgene expression and elicited high-frequency, polyfunctional CD8(+) T lymphocytes that trafficked broadly to both systemic and mucosal compartments. In contrast, intranasal (i.n.) rAd immunization led to similarly robust local transgene expression but generated low-frequency, monofunctional CD8(+) T lymphocytes with restricted anatomic trafficking patterns. Respiratory rAd immunization elicited systemic and mucosal CD8(+) T lymphocytes with phenotypes and trafficking properties distinct from those elicited by i.m. or i.n. rAd immunization. Our findings indicate that the anatomic microenvironment of antigen expression critically impacts the phenotype and trafficking of antigen-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes.
Serpentine Ultralong Path with Extended Routing (SUPER) High Resolution Traveling Wave Ion Mobility-MS using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (2017)

Ion mobility (IM) separations have a broad range of analytical applications, but insufficient resolution often limits their utility. Here, we report on ion mobility separations in a structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) serpentine ultralong path with extended routing (SUPER) traveling wave (TW) ion mobility (IM) module in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS). Ions were confined in the SLIM by rf fields in conjunction with a DC guard bias, enabling essentially lossless TW transmission over greatly extended paths. The extended routing utilized multiple passes (e.g., ∼1094 m over 81 passes through the 13.5 m serpentine path) and was facilitated by the introduction of a lossless ion switch that allowed ions to be directed to either the MS detector or for another pass through the serpentine separation region, allowing theoretically unlimited IM path lengths. The multipass SUPER IM-MS provided resolution approximately proportional to the square root of the number of passes (or total path length). More than 30-fold higher IM resolution (∼340 vs ∼10) for Agilent tuning mix m/z 622 and 922 ions was achieved for 40 passes compared to commercially available drift tube IM and other TWIM-based platforms. An initial evaluation of the isomeric sugars lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neohexaose showed the isomeric structures to be baseline resolved, and a new conformational feature for lacto-N-neohexaose was revealed after 9 passes. The new SLIM SUPER high resolution TWIM platform has broad utility in conjunction with MS and is expected to enable a broad range of previously challenging or intractable separations.
Flow-edge Guided Video Completion (2020)

We present a new flow-based video completion algorithm. Previous flow completion methods are often unable to retain the sharpness of motion boundaries. Our method first extracts and completes motion edges, and then uses them to guide piecewise-smooth flow completion with sharp edges. Existing methods propagate colors among local flow connections between adjacent frames. However, not all missing regions in a video can be reached in this way because the motion boundaries form impenetrable barriers. Our method alleviates this problem by introducing non-local flow connections to temporally distant frames, enabling propagating video content over motion boundaries. We validate our approach on the DAVIS dataset. Both visual and quantitative results show that our method compares favorably against the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Using a genetic algorithm to evolve behavior in multi dimensional cellular automata (2005)

Cellular automata are used in many fields to generate a global behavior with local rules. Finding the rules that display a desired behavior can be a hard task especially in real world problems. This paper proposes an improved approach to generate these transition rules for multi dimensional cellular automata using a genetic algorithm, thus giving a generic way to evolve global behavior with local rules, thereby mimicking nature. Three different problems are solved using multi dimensional topologies of cellular automata to show robustness, flexibility and potential. The results suggest that using multiple dimensions makes it easier to evolve desired behavior and that combining genetic algorithms with multi dimensional cellular automata is a very powerful way to evolve very diverse behavior and has great potential for real world problems.
A Rapid-Scanning Micro-Densitometer (1954)

A simple microdensitometer is described. It is a scanning unit which may be used in conjunction with a normal microscope. An enlarged real image of a film sample is moved across a stationary slit. The image motion is provided by a rotating block of glass. An electrical signal (from a phototube behind the slit) is converted to a density signal and is presented on a cathode-ray oscilloscope Some uses of microdensitometric traces are suggested.
Transmembrane pH gradients in vivo: measurements using fluorinated vitamin B6 derivatives. (1999)

It is well recognized that pH plays a significant regulatory role in most cellular processes. Increasingly, there is interest in transmembrane pH gradients, particularly with respect to tumor growth and response to therapy. NMR offers a non-invasive approach to monitoring cellular pH and detecting changes in response to interventions. This review will consider the strengths of various approaches to measuring pH with particular focus on the reporter molecules designed to interrogate the cellular milieu. In particular, fluorinated vitamin B6 derivatives (6-fluoropyridoxol and 6-fluoropyridoxamine) will be described, which for the first time provide a practical non-destructive method to measure simultaneously intra- and extracellular pH, i.e., the transmembrane pH gradient in animals in vivo based on a single reporter molecule.
Lazy Verification in Fault-Tolerant Distributed Storage Systems (2006)

Verification of write operations is a crucial component of Byzantine fault-tolerant consistency protocols for storage. Lazy verification shifts this work out of the critical path of client operations. This shift enables the system to amortize verification effort over multiple operations, to perform verification during otherwise idle time, and to have only a subset of storage-nodes perform verification. This paper introduces lazy verification and describes implementation techniques for exploiting its potential. Measurements of lazy verification in a Byzantine fault-tolerant distributed storage system show that the cost of verification can be hidden from both the client read and write operation in workloads with idle periods. Furthermore, in workloads without idle periods, lazy verification amortizes the cost of verification over many versions and so provides a factor of four higher write bandwidth when compared to performing verification during each write operation.
New random copolymers with pendant carbazole donor and 1,3,4-oxadiazole acceptor for high performance memory device applications (2011)

New non-conjugated random copolymers containing pendent electron-donating 9-(4-vinylphenyl)carbazole (VPK) and electron-accepting 2-phenyl-5-(4-vinylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD) or 2-(4-vinylbiphenyl)-5-(4-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (BOXD) were successfully synthesized by nitroxide-mediated free radical polymerization (NMRP) method. The prepared random copolymers are denoted as P(VPKxOXDy) or P(VPKxBOXDy) with three different electron donor/acceptor (x/y) ratios of 8/2, 5/5, and 2/8. The electrical switching behavior based on the ITO/polymer/Al device configuration could be tuned through the donor/acceptor ratio or acceptor trapping ability. Both experimental and theoretical results indicated that the charge transfer between the pendant donor and acceptor was relatively weak without significant orbital hybridization. In addition, the low-lying HOMO energy level of OXD or BOXD units as compared to VPK units created the trapping environment. Therefore, distinct electrical current–voltage (I–V) characteristics changed between the diode, the volatile memory, and the insulator depending on the relative donor/acceptor ratios of 10/0, 8/2, and (5/5, 2/8 and 0/10), respectively. The memory device based on P(VPK8OXD2) or P(VPK8BOXD2) copolymers exhibited volatile static random access memory (SRAM) behavior with an ON/OFF current ratio of approximately 104–105, up to 107 read pulses, and retention time of more than 1 h. The unstable ON state in the device was due to the shallow trapped holes with spontaneously back transferring of charge carriers when the electric field was removed and thus exhibited a volatile nature. The slightly lower HOMO level of OXD moieties than that of BOXD led to the P(VPK8OXD2) device storing the charge for a longer period of time. The present study suggested the high performance polymer memory devices could be achieved by changing the donor/acceptor ratio or chemical structure.
Abstract #1352: ROR1 amplification and overexpression in ovarian cancer (2009)

ROR1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor that is abundantly expressed in B-cell leukemias. ROR1 and a related protein, ROR2, have frizzled domains and can sequester Wnts to mediate signaling in a non-canonical Wnt pathway. No specific ligand has yet been assigned to ROR1. Analysis of SNP array data from ovarian cancers frequently finds trisomy affecting the area including ROR1 on chromosome 1p31. Copy number peaks greater than 4 copies overlapped in one ovarian cancer cell line and four ovarian cancer patient samples. The peaks defined a minimum region of just under 1 megabase, amplifying two known genes: ROR1 and UBE2U. Expression analysis by real-time PCR showed that ROR1, but not UBE2U, is abundantly expressed in several ovarian cancer cell lines. Western blots confirmed the conclusion that the increased copy number was driving over-expression. The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) report 6 missense mutations affecting ROR1, two of which were found in ovarian cancer patient samples. The sequencing screen by COSMIC suggests that mutations of the ROR1 gene are clustered in two hotspots. The putative hotspots are being examined for mutations by sequencing amplified fragments in twelve cell lines. Results thus far have found no mutations. Continuing studies will address whether the ROR1 gene acts as an oncogene in ovarian cancer by examining its role in proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in mouse models. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1352.
Comparative in-vitro activity of vancomycin, teicoplanin, ramoplanin (formerly A16686), paldimycin, DuP 721 and DuP 105 against methicillin and gentamicin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1989)

The in-vitro activities of five anti-staphylococcal agents, teicoplanin, ramoplanin, paldimycin, DuP 721 and DuP 105 have been compared to vancomycin. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) have been determined for a collection of methicillin and gentamicin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MGRSA), comprising 75 strains obtained from 22 centres. In terms of geometric mean MICs (inoculum size 10(5) cfu) paldimycin was the most active agent (0.4 mg/l) followed by ramoplanin (0.75 mg/l), teicoplanin (1.0 mg/l), DuP 721 and vancomycin (2.0 mg/l) and DuP 105 (6.8 mg/l). Ramoplanin was bactericidal within six hours to all strains at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l. The MBC90s for vancomycin and teicoplanin were greater than 32 mg/l after 22 h exposure to antibiotic and 2.5 and 4.0 mg/l respectively after 26 h exposure. Paldimycin was bactericidal against only some strains, while DuP 721 and DuP 105 were not bactericidal. Ramoplanin is the most interesting of the new antibiotics, on account of its rapid and consistent bactericidal activity.
Functional reconstruction of NANOS3 expression in the germ cell lineage by a novel transgenic reporter reveals distinct subcellular localizations of NANOS3 (2009)

Mutations of RNA-binding proteins such as NANOS3, TIAL1, and DND1 in mice have been known to result in the failure of survival and/or proliferation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) soon after their fate is specified (around embryonic day (E) 8.0), leading to the infertility of these animals. However, the mechanisms of actions of these RNA-binding proteins remain largely unresolved. As a foundation to explore the role of these RNA-binding proteins in germ cells, we established a novel transgenic reporter strain that expresses NANOS3 fused with EGFP under the control of Nanos3 regulatory elements. NANOS3-EGFP exhibited exclusive expression in PGCs as early as E7.25, and continued to be expressed in female germ cells until around E14.5 and in male germ cells throughout the fetal period with declining expression levels after E16.5. NANOS3-EGFP resumed strong expression in postnatal spermatogonia and continued to be expressed in undifferentiated spermatogonial cells in adults. Importantly, the Nanos3-EGFP transgene rescued the sterile phenotype of Nanos3 homozygous mutants, demonstrating the functional equivalency of NANOS3-EGFP with endogenous NANOS3. We found that throughout germ cell development, a predominant amount of NANOS3-EGFP co-localized with TIAL1 (also known as TIAR) and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha, markers for the stress granules, whereas a fraction of it showed co-localization with DCP1A, a marker for the processing bodies. On the other hand, NANOS3-EGFP did not co-localize with Tudor domain-containing protein 1, a marker for the intermitochondrial cements, in spermatogenic cells. These findings unveil the presence of distinct posttranscriptional regulations in PGCs soon after their specification, for which RNA-binding proteins such as NANOS3 and TIAL1 would play critical functions.
Kidney Induction: Control by Notch, Wnt and GDNF/Ret signalling (2007)

The permanent mammalian kidney (metanephros) develops as a result of complex reciprocal tissue interactions between a ureteric epithelium and the renal mesenchyme. The overall goal of the research in this thesis was to gain data that will eventually help in elucidating the formation of congenital renal malformations. The experiments in my thesis aimed to reveal the mechanisms by which Notch, Wnt and GDNF/Ret signalling pathways regulate the development of functional kidney. \n\nThe function of Notch pathway was studied by a transgenic mouse model, where it was shown that overactivation of Notch signalling disturbs kidney development and alters the expression of Gdnf and Ret/GFRa1. This indicates that Notch signalling interplays with GDNF/Ret in the regulation of the primary ureteric budding and its subsequent branching. The data also suggested that strict spatio-temporal regulation of these two pathways is required for determination of ureteric tip-identity, which appeared to be crucial for the branch formation. \n\nThe function of Wnt signalling in the ureteric morphogenesis was studied by in vivo and in vitro methods to show that a canonical pathway is required for ureteric branching. Stabilisation and deletion of the canonical pathway mediator, b-catenin specifically in the ureteric epithelium result in renal aplasia/hypodysplasia. These defects originate from severe blockage of ureteric branching due to the disrupted Ret signalling. Consequently, ureteric tip specific markers are lost and ureteric stalk identity is expanded throughout the whole epithelium. Thus, the data demonstrates that the Wnt/b-catenin pathway plays an essential role in the patterning and branching of the ureteric epithelium. \n\nA novel in vitro method was generated and utilised in nephron induction studies to reveal the mechanisms through which nephrogenesis is induced. Transient GSK3 inhibition results in stabilisation of b-catenin in the isolated renal mesenchyme, which efficiently triggers nephron formation. Also genetic stabilisation of b-catenin specifically in the mesenchyme results in spontaneous nephrogenesis. The results show that activation of the canonical Wnt pathway is sufficient to initiate nephrogenesis, and suggest that this pathway mediates the nephron induction in murine kidney mesenchymes. \n\nTaken together, this thesis demonstrates Notch and Wnt signalling pathways as novel regulators of ureteric branching morphogenesis, and that activation of the canonical Wnt pathway is sufficient for nephron induction. The studies also indicate that the Notch and Wnt pathways cross-talk with GDNF/Ret signalling in the patterning of ureteric epithelium.
Efficient green light-emitting diodes based on quasi-two-dimensional composition and phase engineered perovskite with surface passivation (2018)

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are attracting great attention due to their efficient and narrow emission. Quasi-two-dimensional perovskites with Ruddlesden-Popper-type layered structures can enlarge exciton binding energy and confine charge carriers and are considered good candidate materials for efficient LEDs. However, these materials usually contain a mixture of phases and the phase impurity could cause low emission efficiency. In addition, converting three-dimensional into quasi-two-dimensional perovskite introduces more defects on the surface or at the grain boundaries due to the reduction of crystal sizes. Both factors limit the emission efficiency of LEDs. Here, firstly, through composition and phase engineering, optimal quasi-two-dimensional perovskites are selected. Secondly, surface passivation is carried out by coating organic small molecule trioctylphosphine oxide on the perovskite thin film surface. Accordingly, green LEDs based on quasi-two-dimensional perovskite reach a current efficiency of 62.4 cd A<sup>-1</sup> and external quantum efficiency of 14.36%.
Providing performance guarantees in an FDDI network (2002)

A network subsystem supporting a continuous media file system must guarantee a minimum throughput, a maximum delay, and a maximum jitter. The authors present a transport protocol that provides these guarantees. To support different types of service, the protocol is built from modules selected to meet the requirements of each communication session. A buffering technique is used to provide jitter guarantees. To provide throughput and delay guarantees, network performance is optimized based on the required transfer rate. The effects of controlling transmission rate and packet size are presented. The resulting transport protocol is modeled on a simulated FDDI (fiber distributed data interface) network and the results are analyzed. It is shown that the protocol provides the required guarantees for the anticipated types of traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regioselective Copper-Catalyzed Amination of Bromobenzoic Acids Using Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines (2006)

A chemo- and regioselective copper-catalyzed cross-coupling procedure for amination of 2-bromobenzoic acids is described. The method eliminates the need for acid protection and produces N-aryl and N-alkyl anthranilic acid derivatives in up to 99% yield. N-(1-Pyrene)anthranilic acid has been employed in metal ion-selective fluorosensing. Titration experiments showed that this pyrene-derived amino acid forms an equimolar complex with Hg(II) in water resulting in selective fluorescence quenching even in the presence of other metal ions such as Zn(II) and Cd(II).
Fabrication and numerical analysis of AlGaAs/GaAs tandem solar cells with tunnel interconnections (1989)

High-efficiency (20.2% at 1 sun, AM 1.5) Al/sub 0.4/Ga/sub 0.6/As/GaAs tandem solar cells are successfully fabricated by molecular-beam epitaxy. The interconnection between the AlGaAs top cell and the GaAs bottom cell consists of a GaAs tunnel junction sandwiched between AlGaAs layers and provides a high-quality tunnel junction. Numerical analysis suggests that an efficiency of 30% can be realized by increasing the carrier lifetimes of AlGaAs layers to 10/sup -8/ s. An efficiency of 35% is expected to be obtainable by replacing the GaAs tunnel junction with an Al/sub 0.33/Ga/sub 0.67/As tunnel junction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A single-chip pH sensor fabricated by a conventional CMOS process (2003)

A pH sensor fabricated on a single chip by an unmodified commercial CMOS process is described The sensor comprises a circuit for making differential measurements between ISFET and REFET both biased by the same reference electrode. The ISFET has a floating electrode structure and uses the silicon nitride passivation layer as the pH sensitive material. It is found to have a large threshold voltage caused by charge trapped on the floating electrode. A large reference electrode voltage is therefore required to bias the ISFET, this is shown to cause the operating point to drift. However the threshold voltage has been successfully reduced by exposure to UV radiation. The REFET is formed by deposition of a PVC membrane onto an ISFET and the reference electrode is simply a metal contact. The complete circuit provides an output voltage proportional to pH and operates from a single 5V supply.
Predication and Optimization of Maintenance Resources for Weapon System (2011)

Maintenance resources are important part of the maintenance support system. The whole efficiency of weapon system is directly affected by the allocation of maintenance resources. Joint support for weapon system of multi-kinds of equipments is the main fashion of maintenance support in the future. However, there is a lack of the efficiency tools and methods for predication and optimization of weapon system maintenance resources presently. For the prediction requirement of maintenance resources of weapon system, the primary infection factors for the requirement of maintenance resources were analyzed. According to the different characteristics of maintenance resources and the analysis for the traditional classification methods, a kind of classification for weapon system's maintenance resources was given. A prediction flow for the maintenance resources requirement was designed. Four kinds of models for predicting the maintenance resources requirement in a weapon system were designed and described in detail. In this paper, approaches of the optimal selection from the simulation schemes and reverse simulation for the resources allocation optimization were analyzed; some optimization models for maintenance resources such as spare parts and personnel were constructed. Further more, an optimization and decision-making system was not only designed but also developed. At last, an example was presented, which proved the prediction and optimization methods were applicability and feasibility, the decision-making system for the optimization of maintenance resources was a supportable and efficient tool.