gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Universal Preenrichment Broth for the Recovery of Foodborne Pathogens from Milk and Cheese (1998)

The use of universal preenrichment broth for the recovery of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from milk and cheese was examined. Universal preenrichment broth supported the growth of low inoculum levels (10 cfu/ml) of these organisms in pure cultures and in mixed cultures containing higher levels of other pathogens or bacterial flora from raw milk. This medium also supported the recovery and growth of heat-injured Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and verotoxigenic E. coli at inoculum levels of 10(2) cfu/ml to yield cell levels of 10(8) cfu/ml in pure cultures and at least 10(5) cfu/ml in the presence of high levels of known competitive pathogens or microflora of cheese samples after 24 h of incubation. Universal preenrichment broth performed better than Listeria enrichment broth in supporting the recovery and growth of heat-injured L. monocytogenes and equally as well as buffered peptone water or trypticase soy broth in supporting the growth of uninjured L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and verotoxigenic E. coli. Coenrichment of these pathogens in universal preenrichment broth reduced the quantity of milk or cheese samples that were required for analysis and also reduced the cost and labor involved in preparing and processing separate preenrichment media.
Child and Family Friendliness versus Ageing Society – Contradictory Demands on City Marketing in Germany? (2010)

The rapid ageing and widespread shrinkage of urban populations have a massive impact on the services and infrastructure of cities as well as on the regional competition among cities, e.g. in urban tourism. Proactive demographic and economic policies of cities therefore increasingly refer to particularly two target groups: young families and senior citizens. However, these groups, to some extent, have contradictory demands on municipal services and infrastructure. The present article discusses reasons and consequences of this phenomenon and outlines possible approaches to deal with this situation in city marketing.
Deactivation Mechanism and Regeneration Study of Ga–Pt Promoted HZSM-5 Catalyst in Ethane Dehydroaromatization (2018)

Direct nonoxidative conversion of ethane to aromatics has become an effective way of upgrading shale gas. Metal-promoted shape selective zeolite catalysts are often used for aromatization. Although the coking issue of the catalysts in ethane aromatization has been reported, the deactivation mechanism and the performance of regenerated Ga–Pt promoted HZSM-5 needs to be further investigated. The objective of this study is to elucidate deactivation mechanism of Ga–Pt promoted HZSM-5 and investigate the feasibility of regenerating deactivated catalysts for commercial viability. When using lower concentration of oxygen (2 vol %) for regeneration, decreased catalyst deactivation rate was observed. The metal particle size, crystalline structures, and acidity are characterized by various analytical instrumentations (TEM, XRD, NH3-TPD). The change of Bronsted acidity was observed on regenerated catalysts. The results showed that metal agglomeration and leaching of Pt from homogeneous Ga–Pt particle were the main causes of deactivation other than coke deposition, indicating that stabilization of bimetallic metal particles on zeolite surface is critical.
Synthesis of 6,8-dibromo-3-substituted 2-[N,N-dialkyl (or N-piperidino)carboxamidomethylthio]-4(3H)-quinazolinones as antimalarials (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 6,8-dibromo-3-substituted 2-[N,N-dialkyl (or N-piperidino)carboxamidomethylthio]-4(3H)-quinazolinones as antimalarialsP. N. Bhargava and M. R. ChaurasiaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 4, 908–909Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00310a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00310a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Silage Collected from Dairy Farms Harbors an Abundance of Listeriaphages with Considerable Host Range and Genome Size Diversity (2012)

Since the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is common in dairy farm environments, it is likely that phages infecting this bacterium ("listeriaphages") are abundant on dairy farms. To better understand the ecology and diversity of listeriaphages on dairy farms and to develop a diverse phage collection for further studies, silage samples collected on two dairy farms were screened for L. monocytogenes and listeriaphages. While only 4.5% of silage samples tested positive for L. monocytogenes, 47.8% of samples were positive for listeriaphages, containing up to >1.5 × 10(4) PFU/g. Host range characterization of the 114 phage isolates obtained, with a reference set of 13 L. monocytogenes strains representing the nine major serotypes and four lineages, revealed considerable host range diversity; phage isolates were classified into nine lysis groups. While one serotype 3c strain was not lysed by any phage isolates, serotype 4 strains were highly susceptible to phages and were lysed by 63.2 to 88.6% of phages tested. Overall, 12.3% of phage isolates showed a narrow host range (lysing 1 to 5 strains), while 28.9% of phages represented broad host range (lysing ≥11 strains). Genome sizes of the phage isolates were estimated to range from approximately 26 to 140 kb. The extensive host range and genomic diversity of phages observed here suggest an important role of phages in the ecology of L. monocytogenes on dairy farms. In addition, the phage collection developed here has the potential to facilitate further development of phage-based biocontrol strategies (e.g., in silage) and other phage-based tools.
Ketene Acetals. XXXI. Dimethylketene Ethyleneacetal (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKetene Acetals. XXXI. Dimethylketene EthyleneacetalS. M. McElvain and Clyde L. AldridgeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 16, 3993–3996Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01112a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01112a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The CCD neural processor: a neural network integrated circuit with 65536 programmable analog synapses (1990)

The design, fabrication, and preliminary testing of an integrated circuit implementing neural network (NN) models with 256 on-chip, fully interconnected neurons and programmable analog synapses are reported. The integrated circuit was built using a charge-coupled-device-(CCD)-based architecture. A study of the current efforts to develop NN hardware reveals that the conventional electronic approach suffers from two major problems: (1) a tradeoff between the complexity of the synapse and the number of synapses per chip; and (b) the I/O (input/output) problem, namely, the slow communication between the chip and the surrounding environment. This approach circumvents the problems by using CCD arrays and/or a spatial light modulator as a short-term memory for the device. The preliminary results presented serve to validate the assumptions on which the CCD approach is based and to reassess the potential of this approach. The CCD architecture is based on two main assumptions: (a) the revolving charge packets in the CCD rings can complete several full cycles without substantial decay, (thus the required refresh of the matrix from an external memory will not significantly degrade the overall operation speed) and (b) the multiplication process, namely, the nondestructive sensing of the W/sub ij/ packets revolving in the CCD rings and their accumulation (provided the respective V/sub j/ is on) can be accomplished accurately and quickly. It is now clear that both these assumptions are valid.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FUNDAMENTAL VERIFICATION FOR 2-DIMENSIONAL SUPER- RESOLUTION OPTICAL INSPECTION FOR SEMICONDUCTOR DEFECTS BY USING STANDING WAVE ILLUMINATION SHIFT (2009)

Semiconductor design rules and process windows continue to shrink, and developing new processes to accommodate parameters such as less-than-50nm design rules and a 300mm wafer becomes increasingly challenging (1). Next-generation defect inspection is urgently demanded. Optics and electron beams have been the main technologies for detection of the critical defects, but both have their disadvantages. Optical inspection is generally not sensitive enough for defects at 100nm geometries and below, while SEM inspection has low throughput because it takes a long time to scan 300mm. In order to find a solution to these problems, we propose a novel optical inspection method for critical defects on semiconductor wafers. Until now, 1- dimensional resolution beyond the Rayleigh limit has been theoretically studied and experimentally bought to realization by a method called super resolution (2,3). To apply the proposed method to a sample with 2-dimensional structure, we have altered the proposed method making a standing wave shift in 2 directions, and carrying out super- resolution in each shifting direction. We carried out a fundamental verification of this method by computer simulation and experiment. As a result, we discovered the possibility of resolving a 2-dimensional structure which can't be resolved by the normal imaging system.
Transcriptional Activation by the Ewing's Sarcoma (EWS) Oncogene Can Be Cis-repressed by the EWS RNA-binding Domain (2000)

The Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) oncogene contains an N-terminal transcriptional activation domain (EWS activation domain, EAD) and a C-terminal RNA-binding domain (RBD). Although it has been established that the EAD is a potent trans-activation domain that is required for the oncogenic activity of several EWS fusion proteins (EFPs), the precise function of the RBD and the normal role of intact EWS are poorly characterized. Here we show that a cis-linked RBD can strongly and specifically repress trans-activation by the EAD. Fusion proteins containing the RBD are expressed at normal levels, are nuclear-localized, and can bind to DNA both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating that the RBD represses trans-activation directly at the promoter. The RNA recognition motif within the RBD is not required for repression, whereas regions of the RBD containing multiple RGG motifs play a critical role. The finding that the RBD can antagonize transcriptional activation by EWS provides the first direct evidence of a role for the RBD in transcription. Further studies of the repression phenomenon should illuminate key molecular interactions that distinguish EWS from EFPs and provide insights into the normal cellular function of EWS.
Histamine-Induced Itch and its Relationship with Pain (2008)

Itch is one of the major complications of skin diseases. Although there are various substances that induce itch or pruritus, it is evident that histamine is the best known endogenous agent that evokes itch. Even though histamine-induced itch has been studied for some time, the underlying mechanism of itch is just beginning to emerge. Although various downstream signaling pathways of histamine receptors have been revealed, more studies are required to determine the cause of histamine-induced itch. It appears that itch and pain involve different neuronal pathways. Pain generally inhibits itch, which indicates an inter-communication between the two. Complex interactions between itch and pain may be expected based on reports on disease states and opioids. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism and the pharmacological aspects of histamine-induced itch. Especially, the underlying mechanism of TRPV1 (an anti-pruritus target) has been determined to some extent.
Phototherapy of psoriasis: review and update. (2004)

Along with topical and systemic therapy, phototherapy is one of the three fundamental treatment options for managing psoriasis. The use of UVB continues to be one of the most important therapeutic interventions for mild to moderate psoriasis. An advance in UVB phototherapy has been the introduction of narrowband UVB lamps (311 nm). UVB lamps are superior to conventional broadband UVB in clearing psoriasis. PUVA is very effective therapy and is still the most effective form of phototherapy for severe, extensive form od the disease. There has been a trend towards whole-body PUVA-bath. Advantages of PUVA bath are lack of gastrointestinal side effects and no need for post-treatment eye photoprotection because there is no systemic photosensitization. UVB and PUVA can be administered in combination with a variety of topical and systemic treatments to achieve more effective results more quickly. The most recent form of phototherapy, 308-nm excimer laser, holds promise for becoming a useful tool in the treatment of stable, localized psoriasis.
Using many cameras as one (2003)

We illustrate how to consider a network of cameras as a single generalized camera in a framework proposed by Nayar (2001). We derive the discrete structure from motion equations for generalized cameras, and illustrate the corollaries to epipolar geometry. This formal mechanism allows one to use a network of cameras as if they were a single imaging device, even when they do not share a common center of projection. Furthermore, an analysis of structure from motion algorithms for this imaging model gives constraints on the optimal design of panoramic imaging systems constructed from multiple cameras.
X-ray diffraction evidence for fully interdigitated bilayers of 1-stearoyllysophosphatidylcholine (1986)

X-ray diffraction experiments have been performed on 1-stearoyllysophosphatidylcholine or C(18):C(0)PC as a function of hydration at temperatures below the order/disorder transition (Tm = 26.2 degrees C). At these temperatures, hydrated C(18):C(0)PC forms lamellae. The bilayer thickness, as determined by the saturation hydration method and electron-density profile, is 35-36 A, and the average area per C(18):C(0)PC molecule at the lipid/water interface is 45.5 A2. The packing geometry of C(18):C(0)PC in the lamella is proposed to adopt a fully interdigitated model in which the long C(18) acyl chain extends across the entire hydrocarbon width of the bilayer. Thus far, three different types of interdigitated bilayers are known for phosphatidylcholines. These various types of chain interdigitation are discussed in terms of the chain length difference between the sn-1 and sn-2 acyl chains.
Capacity optimization using subspace method over multicell OFDMA networks (2004)

Capacity optimization in a multicell OFDMA system where each cell has multiple users is investigated in this work. The objective is to find an assignment of users to the sets of sub-carrier, their transmission rates for the sub-carrier, and power allocation such that the total system capacity is increased, while users meet a minimum total rate requirement and a power constraint. Since the optimal solution involves an exhaustive search or complex nonlinear integer programming, we develop sub-optimal low complexity algorithms. We propose a two-step scheme: First an initial channel and data rate allocations are determined by two initialization algorithms. Then we refine the assigned rates by an iterative algorithm. From simulation results, the proposed algorithms can efficiently allocate resources to increase the overall system capacity and reduce the allocation outages.
Purification and Properties of a Polyester Polyurethane-Degrading Enzyme from <i>Comamonas acidovorans</i> TB-35 (1998)

A polyester polyurethane (PUR)-degrading enzyme, PUR esterase, derived from Comamonas acidovorans TB-35, a bacterium that utilizes polyester PUR as the sole carbon source, was purified until it showed a single band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This enzyme was bound to the cell surface and was extracted by addition of 0.2% N,N-bis(3-d-gluconamidopropyl)deoxycholamide (deoxy-BIGCHAP). The results of gel filtration and SDS-PAGE showed that the PUR esterase was a monomer with a molecular mass of about 62,000 Da. This enzyme, which is a kind of esterase, degraded solid polyester PUR, with diethylene glycol and adipic acid released as the degradation products. The optimum pH for this enzyme was 6.5, and the optimum temperature was 45 degrees C. PUR degradation by the PUR esterase was strongly inhibited by the addition of 0.04% deoxy-BIGCHAP. On the other hand, deoxy-BIGCHAP did not inhibit the activity when p-nitrophenyl acetate, a water-soluble compound, was used as a substrate. These observations indicated that this enzyme degrades PUR in a two-step reaction: hydrophobic adsorption to the PUR surface and hydrolysis of the ester bond of PUR.
Linear optical coherence tomography system with extended measurement range (2006)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) sensors traditionally use scanning optical delay lines with moving parts and a single detector. OCT systems with a linear detector array (linear OCT or L-OCT) are simple and robust, but a detector with approximately 10,000 pixels is needed for an imaging depth of 2mm, which is necessary for most biomedical applications. We present a new optical setup for L-OCT with an increased measurement range. An additional grating performs a reduction of the spatial frequencies of the fringe pattern on the detector without loss in the signal-to-noise ratio, so the signal can be sampled with a minimal number of pixels. The theory for this approach is addressed and the first measurements are presented.
Ten-Vertex Monocarbaborane Chemistry. A Convenient New Preparation of the [closo-1-CB9H10]- Anion and the Crystal and Molecular Structure of [(η5-C5Me5)2Ir2Cl3]+ [closo-1-CB9H10]- (1992)

A more convenient synthesis of the [ closo -1-CB 9 H 10 ] - anion, from the reaction of 6-(NMe 3 )- nido -6-CB 9 H 11 ] with piperidine in THF, is reported. Reaction of [NMe 4 ] + [1-CB 9 H 10 ] - and [(η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )IrCl 2 ] 2 gives the ionic species [(η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) 2 Ir 2 Cl 3 ] + [ closo -1-CB 9 H 10 ] - as a yellow crystalline compound. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pnma , with a = 2505.9(6), b = 1223.6(3), c = 1029.8(3) ppm, and Z = 4. The structure was refined for 2329 reflections F > 4.0σ( F ) to R = 0.0439. Both cation and anion possess crystallographic mirror-plane symmetry. Comparison of the structure of the anion with other formally closo ten-vertex structures reveals a previously unrecognised general opening.
The uterine growth-promoting action of epidermal growth factor and its function in the fertility of mice (1993)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in the submandibular glands and plasma are increased in pregnant and aged female mice. The possible role of EGF in fertility was studied in virgin and pregnant mice ranging in age from 10 to 90 weeks of age, employing sialoadenectomy, administration of EGF antibody and EGF replacement. The uterine weight in pregnant, 10-week-old, sialoadenectomized mice was significantly less than in normal mice and the administration of EGF antibody to these mice further decreased uterine weight, resulting in an increased rate of abortion. Replacement EGF treatment in the sialoadenectomized mice prevented these changes. Uterine weight was about 70 mg at 10 weeks of age, and significantly increased from 30 to 80 weeks when it reached a plateau level of 275 mg. These changes closely followed the increase in the concentration of EGF in the submandibular glands and plasma and coincided with the decline in fertility. In contrast, uterine weight in the sialoadenectomized mice decreased immediately after the operation and remained at about 50-60 mg throughout the experimental period. Pregnancy, as judged by implantation, was achieved in the sialoadenectomized mice at later ages than in the controls. These findings suggest that elevated EGF levels may have a dual function in the control of fertility via uterine growth, depending on the age of mice.
Amyloid beta-protein reduces acetylcholine synthesis in a cell line derived from cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. (1996)

The characteristic features of a brain with Alzheimer disease (AD) include the presence of neuritic plaques composed of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) and reductions in the levels of cholinergic markers. Neurotoxic responses to Abeta have been reported in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that the cholinergic deficit in AD brain may be secondary to the degeneration of cholinergic neurons caused by Abeta. However, it remains to be determined if Abeta contributes to the cholinergic deficit in AD brain by nontoxic effects. We examined the effects of synthetic Abeta peptides on the cholinergic properties of a mouse cell line, SN56, derived from basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Abeta 1-42 and Abeta 1-28 reduced the acetylcholine (AcCho) content of the cells in a concentration-dependent fashion, whereas Abeta 1-16 was inactive. Maximal reductions of 43% and 33% were observed after a 48-h treatment with 100 nM of Abeta 1-42 and 50 pM of Abeta 1-28, respectively. Neither Abeta 1-28 nor Abeta 1-42 at a concentration of 100 nM and a treatment period of 2 weeks was toxic to the cells. Treatment of the cells with Abeta 25-28 (48 h; 100 nM) significantly decreased AcCho levels, suggesting that the sequence GSNK (aa 25-28) is responsible for the AcCho-reducing effect of Abeta. The reductions in AcCho levels caused by Abeta 1-42 and Abeta 1-28 were accompanied by proportional decreases in choline acetyltransferase activity. In contrast, acetylcholinesterase activity was unaltered, indicating that Abeta specifically reduces the synthesis of AcCho in SN56 cells. The reductions in AcCho content caused by Abeta 1-42 could be prevented by a cotreatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (10 nM), a compound previously shown to increase choline acetyltransferase mRNA expression in SN56 cells. These results demonstrate a nontoxic, suppressive effect of Abeta on AcCho synthesis, an action that may contribute to the cholinergic deficit in AD brain.