gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embedded MRAM for high-speed computing (2011)

As the fabrication technology node shrinks down to 90nm or below, high standby power becomes one of the major critical issues for CMOS high-speed computing circuits (e.g. logic and cache memory) due to the high leakage currents. A number of non-volatile storage technologies such as FeRAM, MRAM, PCRAM and RRAM and so on, are under investigation to bring the non-volatility into the logic circuits and then eliminate completely the standby power issue. Thanks to its infinite endurance, high switching/sensing speed and easy 3D integration after CMOS process, MRAM is considered as the most promising one. Numerous logic circuits based on MRAM technology have been proposed and prototyped in the last years. In this paper, we present an overview and current status of these logic circuits and discuss their potential applications in the future from both the physics and architecture points of view.
Flexible displacement sensor using piezoelectric polymer for intelligent FMA (2007)

Recently, a variety of soft actuators have been developed. However, applicable sensors such as potentiometers and optical encoders generally have high stiffness. Therefore, a soft actuator loses its compliance when these sensors are used with the actuator. Thus, in this research, we have developed a flexible displacement sensor that can keep the compliance of a soft actuator. The fabricated flexible displacement sensor is composed of piezoelectric polymer, conductive paste and base rubber. Piezoelectric polymer: poly(vinylidene fluoride- trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF/TrFE)] was used for the detection of displacement and conductive paste was used for electrodes. An intelligent FMA (flexible microactuator) was developed by attaching these sensors. Displacement of the intelligent FMA and the sensor output voltage were compared, and sensing features were evaluated. Furthermore, servo control of the intelligent FMA using the sensor was performed. As a result, high positioning accuracy was verified.
Single-crystal silicon beams formed by merged epitaxial lateral overgrowth (MELO) for optical reflectors (1995)

Single crystalline silicon has very well known and predictable mechanical, optical, and electrical properties and is easily manufactured with consistent results. It is also integrated circuit compatible and leads to incorporation of circuits and high quality piezoresistors which are available to monitor motion for self-testing. We present for the first time a novel surface micro-machining process using merged epitaxial lateral overgrowth (MELO) silicon to demonstrate the fabrication of single crystal silicon, free standing cantilever beams 1 mm long and 5 micrometers X 10 micrometers in cross section. These beams had no evidence of stress related bending and were free from the substrate, returning to its original position after numerous electrostatic deflections. MELO has also shown great potential for advanced BJT and MOSFET device applications, hence active devices can be incorporated into the deflecting beam arrays. Diodes fabricated in the beams show excellent characteristics with average ideality factors of 1.01. Note that the technology permits adding of single crystal silicon to selected areas, hence it is an additive process as compared to traditional subtractive methods that deposit films over the entire wafer.
Effects of a Xanthine Oxidase/Hypoxanthine Free Radical and Reactive Oxygen Species Generating System on Endothelial Function in New Zealand White Rabbit Aortic Rings (1993)

We investigated the effects of the xanthine oxidase (XO)/hypoxanthine (HX) free radical (FR) generating system on the relaxant properties of aortic rings from New Zealand White rabbits. This system generates superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and H2O2. We wished to identify which of these species is responsible for impairment of vascular function. After obtaining dose-response curves to phenylephrine (PE) and carbachol or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), we exposed rings to the FR generating system or H2O2 for 30 min, either with or without a range of potentially protective agents. Dose-response curves to carbachol or SNP were then repeated. Exposure to the XO/HX system impaired endothelium-dependent, carbachol-induced relaxation. The hydroxyl radical scavengers mannitol, N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG), and captopril offered no protection. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased the impairment of response, catalase provided partial protection, and a combination of SOD and catalase completely prevented impairment of the response. H2O2 mimicked the effects of XO/HX system. H2O2 appears to be the primary species involved in mediating the toxic effects of the XO/HX FR generating system, but the superoxide anion is probably responsible for some of the loss of relaxation and a role for intracellular generation of hydroxyl radicals cannot be excluded.
Electrospray loading of field desorption emitters and desorption chemical ionization probes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrospray loading of field desorption emitters and desorption chemical ionization probesRobert C. Murphy, Keith L. Clay, and W. Rodney. MathewsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 2, 336–338Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00239a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00239a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel synthesis of 1,4‐diarylpiperazines (1977)

Abstract 1,4‐Diarylpiperazines are readily prepared, generally in good yields, by the reaction of substituted aromatic amines with two thirds of an equivalent of tris(2‐chloroethyl)phosphate.
Function of Rta Is Essential for Lytic Replication of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 (2001)

Rta, encoded primarily by open reading frame 50, is well conserved among gammaherpesviruses. It has been shown that the Rta proteins of Epstein Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, or HHV-8), and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68; also referred to as gamma HV68) play an important role in viral reactivation from latency. However, the role of Rta during productive de novo infection has not been characterized in gammaherpesviruses. Since there are cell lines that can support efficient productive de novo infection by MHV-68 but not EBV or KSHV, we examined whether MHV-68 Rta plays a role in initiating viral lytic replication in productively infected cells. Rta, functioning as a transcriptional activator, can activate the viral promoter of early lytic genes. The amino acid sequence alignments of the Rta homologues suggest that the organizations of their functional domains are similar, with the DNA binding and dimerization domains at the N terminus and the trans-activation domain at the C terminus. We constructed two mutants of MHV-68 Rta, Rd1 and Rd2, with deletions of 112 and 243 amino acids from the C terminus, respectively. Rd1 and Rd2 could no longer trans-activate the promoter of MHV-68 gene 57, consistent with the deletions of their trans-activation domains at the C terminus. Furthermore, Rd1 and Rd2 were able to function as dominant-negative mutants, inhibiting trans-activation of wild-type Rta. To study whether Rd1 and Rd2 blocked viral lytic replication, purified virion DNA was cotransfected with Rd1 or Rd2 into fibroblasts. Expression of viral lytic proteins was greatly suppressed, and the yield of infectious viruses was reduced up to 10(4)-fold. Stable cell lines constitutively expressing Rd2 were established and infected with MHV-68. Transcription of the immediate-early gene, rta, and the early gene, tk, of the virus was reduced in these cell lines. The presence of Rd2 also led to attenuation of viral lytic protein expression and virion production. The ability of Rta dominant-negative mutants to inhibit productive infection suggests that the trans-activation function of Rta is essential for MHV-68 lytic replication. We propose that a single viral protein, Rta, governs the initiation of MHV-68 lytic replication during both reactivation and productive de novo infection.
An automated testing framework for testing Android mobile applications in the cloud (2014)

The testing of mobile application faces many issues due to the complexity of testing these applications and the limited resources available in mobile devices. Testing in various mobile devices under varying conditions takes a lot of time when done manually. Also by using emulators it is not possible to generate the same real time network connections and real device characteristics. There is a need for a testing framework that allows automated testing of mobile applications in many mobile devices in limited time. In this paper we propose a mobile testing framework in the cloud environment that aims to provide automated testing of mobile applications in various mobile devices. This testing framework has an automated testing tool, the Mobile Application Testing (MAT) Tool integrated to it that performs functional, performance and compatibility testing of mobile applications.
In Situ Observation of Strains during Lithiation of a Graphite Electrode (2010)

The mechanics and microstructure of electrodes are critical in determining the performance and durability of lithium-ion batteries, especially the new large format cells and packs developed for transportation applications. During battery operation, Li diffuses into and out of the electrode particles, causing microstructural changes and deformation-induced degradation. A variety of models have been proposed to interpret these mechanical and microstructural changes, but they have no direct experimental support. We report direct in situ measurements of the microstructural strain in a composite electrode during lithium insertion using a side-by-side cell geometry. The color variation in graphite with Li concentration creates lithium spatial maps. A digital image correlation analysis provides corresponding deformation and strain fields, displaying both dilation and contraction. Through a combination of experimental measurement and theoretical analysis, the unexpected contraction during lithiation is explained by the stiffening of graphite upon lithiation. The result confirms the change in modulus that we recently predicted. Quantification of local strains shows that an increased graphite crystallite volume during lithiation is accommodated primarily by a decrease in the composite (or particle) porosity. The change in porosity can substantially impact battery power; however, this effect has generally been ignored in cell performance models for lithium-ion batteries.
Analysis of the mRNA Cap‐Binding Ability of Human Eukaryotic Initiation Factor‐4E by Use of Recombinant Wild‐Type and Mutant Forms (1996)

In order to identify the amino acid residues necessary for the selective recognition of the mRNA cap structure by human eukaryotic initiation factor-4E (eIF-4E), which plays a central role in the first step of mRNA translation, we prepared recombinant wild-type and fourteen mutant forms and compared their cap-binding abilities by affinity chromatography. By the direct expression of a synthetic gene encoding human eIF-4E as the soluble form in Escherichia coli and the application on a 7-methylguanosine-5'-triphosphate-Sepharose 4B cap affinity column, pure recombinant eIF-4E was prepared; the optimum pH for the binding of the mRNA cap was 7.5. Among the amino acid residues conserved among various eIF-4E species, each of 14 functional residues was replaced with a nonpolar amino acid (alanine or leucine). All mutant eIF-4E genes, which were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, were expressed in the same way as the wild type, and their cap-binding abilities were compared with that of the wild type. Consequently, all eight tryptophan residues. Glu103, and two histidine residues at positions 37 and 200 in human recombinant eIF-4E were suggested to be important for the recognition of the mRNA cap structure through direct interaction and/or indirect contributions. Indirect contributions included the construction of the overall protein structure, especially the cap-binding pocket.
Deep neural network derived bottleneck features for accurate audio classification (2016)

In this paper, we propose to use deep neural network (DNN) as an effective tool for audio feature extraction. The DNN-derived features can be effectively used in a subsequent classifier (e.g., an SVM in this study) for audio classification. Specifically, we learn bottleneck features from a multi-layer perceptron (MLP), in which Mel filter bank feature is used as network input and one of the hidden layers has a small number of hidden units, compared to the size of the other hidden layers. The narrow hidden layer is served as a bottleneck layer, which creates a constriction in the network that forces the information pertinent to classification into a compact feature representation. We study both unsupervised and supervised bottleneck feature extraction methods and demonstrate that the supervised bottleneck features outperform conventional hand-crafted features and achieve the state-of-the-art performance in audio classification.
Optimizing reverse logistics scenarios: a cost-benefit study using IBM's WIT tool (2003)

This paper presents an overview of a conceptual study designed to examine the costs and benefits of product end-of-life disposition decisions for used electronics equipment. The study utilizes a reverse logistics supply chain model to examine these decisions. The model was created using the IBM supply chain optimization tool known as WIT (Watson Implosion Technology) developed by IBM's TJ Watson Research Center. The WIT tool automates the decision making process used to determine the optimal mix of equipment that should be refurbished for resale versus dismantled for parts thereby greatly improving the information available for determining end of life disposition solutions.
Review: Endophytic microbes and their potential applications in crop management (2019)

Endophytes are microbes (mostly bacteria and fungi) present asymptomatically in plants. Endophytic microbes are often functional in that they may carry nutrients from the soil into plants, modulate plant development, increase stress tolerance of plants, suppress virulence in pathogens, increase disease resistance in plants, and suppress development of competitor plant species. Endophytic microbes have been shown to: (i) obtain nutrients in soils and transfer nutrients to plants in the rhizophagy cycle and other nutrient-transfer symbioses; (ii) increase plant growth and development; (iii) reduce oxidative stress of hosts; (iv) protect plants from disease; (v) deter feeding by herbivores; and (vi) suppress growth of competitor plant species. Because of the effective functions of endophytic microbes, we suggest that endophytic microbes may significantly reduce use of agrochemicals (fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides) in the cultivation of crop plants. The loss of endophytic microbes from crop plants during domestication and long-term cultivation could be remedied by transfer of endophytes from wild relatives of crops to crop species. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels could reduce the efficiency of the rhizophagy cycle due to repression of reactive oxygen used to extract nutrients from microbes in roots. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
NERVE: New Enhanced Reverse Vaccinology Environment (2006)

After learning from recent years' works in this field and analysing a large dataset, NERVE has been implemented and tuned as the first available tool able to rank a restricted pool (approximately 8-9% of the whole proteome) of vaccine candidates and to show high recall (approximately 75-80%) of known protective antigens. These vaccine candidates are required to be "safe" (taking into account autoimmunity risk) and "easy" for further experimental, high-throughput screening (avoiding possibly not soluble antigens). NERVE is expected to help save time and money in vaccine design and is available as an additional file with this manuscript; updated versions will be available at http://www.bio.unipd.it/molbinfo.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to Synthesize Dinuclear Mo(I) Complexes Containing SR Bridges: Synthesis and Structure of Mo2(CO)8(SCH2CO2Et)2. (1987)

Abstract The synthesis of the title compound (II) by oxidation of the dinuclear Mo(0) complex (I) by I2 demonstrates a new route to prepare dinuclear Mo(I) complexes containing SR bridges mostly quantitatively.
Improvement of Shark Type I Collagen with Microbial Transglutaminase in Urea (2001)

In the presence of urea, type I collagen could form a gel with crosslinks with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase). Collagen self-assembly was accelerated with the addition of MTGase. The proportion of reconstructed collagen fibrils was raised with the addition of MTGase. MTGase-treated collagen gel remained gelled at high temperatures at which collagen denatured. By treatment with MTGase, collagen could form the gel under impossible condition to collagen self-assembly, and that denaturation temperature was raised.
Molecular regulation of interleukin‐2 expression by CD28 co‐stimulation and anergy (1998)

The consequences of T-cell receptor engagement (signal 1) are profoundly affected by the presence or absence of co-stimulation (signal 2). T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation in the absence of CD28-mediated co-stimulation not only results in little interleukin (IL)-2 production, but induces a long lasting hyporesponsive state known as T-cell clonal anergy. The addition of CD28 ligation to signal 1, on the other hand, results in the production of copious amounts of IL-2. Our laboratory has utilized CD4+ Th 1 clones in an effort to understand the molecular events resulting in enhanced IL-2 production by co-stimulation and the inhibition of IL-2 production in anergy. Our current studies have focused on defining the post-transcriptional effects of CD28-enhanced IL-2 production. The data suggest that a major component of CD28's ability to regulate IL-2 production occurs at the level of message stability and involves the 3'-untranslated region of the message. In terms of anergy, our recent studies support the notion that it is not the result of TCR engagement in the absence of co-stimulation, but rather signal 1 in the absence of IL-2 receptor signaling and proliferation. Furthermore, T-cell anergy appears to be an active negative state in which IL-2 production is inhibited both at the level of signal transduction and by cis-dominant repression at the level of the IL-2 promoter.
Influence of Milk and <i>Thermophilus</i> Milk on Plasma Cholesterol Levels and Hepatic Cholesterogenesis in Rats (1981)

ABSTRACT Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of milk, Thermophilus milk and methanol solubles of milk and Thermophilus milk on the plasma cholesterol levels and hepatic cholesterogenesis using laboratory rats. In experiment I, white Wistar male rats of 328g initial average weight were assigned to three dietary treatments consisting of: (1) commercial rat chow + water, (2) commercial rat chow + skim milk, and (3) commercial rat chow + Thermophilus milk. In the second experiment, the methanol solubles of whole milk and Thermophilus milk were given by gastric intubation to white Wistar male rats in six treatment groups. The methanol solubles were given at levels of 1 ml and 2 ml, and the control groups received similar quantities of H 2 O. In the third experiment, liver tissue from white Wistar male rats was used to study the in vitro hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Consumption of Thermophilus milk by the rats in experiment 1 resulted in a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol levels, The liver cholesterol levels were lower in the group receiving Thermophilus milk than the group receiving skim milk. Similar results were seen with feeding of methanol solubles. The in vitro hepatic cholesterogenesis was inhibited by methanol solubles from milk and Thermophilus milk, the inhibition being much more with methanol solubles from Thermophilus milk. The metabolites produced during fermentation of milk may be responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect of Thermophilus milk.
The Clarke tax as a consensus mechanism among automated agents (1991)

When autonomous agents attempt to coordinate action, it is often necessary that they reach some kind of consensus. Reaching such a consensus has traditionally been dealt with in the Distributed Artificial Intelligence literature via the mechanism of negotiation. Another alternative is to have agents bypass negotiation by using a voting mechanism; each agent expresses its preferences, and a group choice mechanism is used to select the result. Some choice mechanisms are better than others, and ideally we would like one that. cannot be manipulated by an untruthful agent.

One such non-manipulable choice mechanism is the Clarke tax [Clarke, 1971]. Though theoretically attractive, the Clarke tax presents a number of difficulties when one attempts to use it in a practical implementation. This paper examines how the Clarke tax could be used as an effective preference revealer in the domain of automated agents, reducing the need for explicit negotiation.
Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activities of Oolong Tea Infusion under Various Steeping Conditions (2007)

The phenolic profile and antioxidant activities of oolong tea extract wereinvestigated after tea was steeped in 90 or 100 oC water for 3 or 10 min. The extractionyield increased with increasing temperature and extended steeping time. However, highertemperature and longer time (100 oC water for 10 min) led to loss of phenolics. Theaqueous extract of oolong tea (AEOT) at 100 oC for 3 min exhibited the strongestantioxidant activity. The major polyphenolic components of the AEOT were identified as(-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG). The two major catechins (EGC and EGCG) in the tea infusion contributedsignificantly to the investigated antioxidant activities [i.e., the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide radical scavengingactivities] with high correlation values in r = 0.9486 and 0.9327 for the EGC and r =0.9592 and 0.8718 for the EGCG, respectively.
Structural Dampers (1969)

The damping characteristic of a particular designed damper was measured. Test set-up and the experimental procedures are discussed. Tests were carried out at a constant frequency and amplitude. The effect of temperature and short term fatigue on the proper ties of the dampers were studied. Generation of heat and its dissipation are calculated. In discussion of the results, the importance of fast dissipation of heat from the viscoelastic material is emphasized. The results are presented in tables and graphs.