gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standing out from the giants and colossi (2000)

Various forms of magnetoresistance – a change in the electrical resistance of a material or structure that is caused by a magnetic field – have captured the attention of many scientists over the past 12 years. The first observations of giant magnetoresistance in 1988 were followed by the discovery of colossal magnetoresistance in 1993. Now Stuart Solin of the NEC Research Institute in Princeton and co-workers have discovered an even larger form of magnetoresistance (S A Solin et al. 2000 Science 289 1530). Moreover, this geometric effect was discovered in non-magnetic materials at room temperature.
Carbon Fiber Debris Within the Synovial Joint (1985)

The consequences of release of carbon debris within the synovial joint are of interest to surgeons contemplating the intra-articular repair of cruciate-deficient knees with a carbon fiber-based material. Coverage of carbon fiber implants with absorbable polymer as well as autogeneic graft material has resulted in surgical procedures that minimize potential fiber release. However, finite risk of release of fiber debris certainly exists. With this in mind, a controlled animal experiment to model debris release in the synovial joint was performed. As a positive control, magnesium tetrasilicate (talc) in suspension was injected into the knees of rabbits. Talc produced a transient synovitis severe enough to alter the mechanical properties of the joint cartilage. Carbon fiber debris, when similarly injected, also produced a synovitis. However, the synovitis induced by carbon particulate was not of sufficient severity or duration to alter the mechanical properties of the cartilage. Neither talc nor carbon fiber debris appeared to physically abrade cartilage.
Micro-assay to Measure the Allergenicity of a Kunitz-type Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor toward Balb/c Mice by Using RBL-2H3 Cells (1995)

The allergenicity of a Kunitz-type soybean trypsin inhibitor (KSTI) was investigated by a micro-assay of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase released from RBL-2H3 cells primed with the anti-KSTI serum. KSTI stimulated the release of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 cells primed with the antiserum. The response of RBL-2H3 cells to the reaginic activity of the mouse anti-KSTI serum correlates fairly well with that by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test, the sensitivity of both assays appearing to be similar. These results suggest that measuring the beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase released from RBL-2H3 is a convenient way for studying the allergen or the reaginic activity of a murine serum in place of the PCA test.
High-Level Requirements for Tightly Coupled SIP Conferencing (2005)

This document examines a wide range of conferencing requirements for tightly coupled SIP conferences.Separate documents will map the requirements to existing protocol primitives, define new protocol extensions, and introduce new protocols as needed.Together, these documents will provide a guide for building interoperable SIP conferencing applications.
Like-sign asymmetric dislocations in zinc-blende structure (1972)

Symmetry considerations reveal that an asymmetry exists relative to orthogonal 60° dislocations of the same sign in zinc-blende structure. The effect of this asymmetry has been observed in compositionally graded crystals of In1−xGaxP and GaAs1−xPx grown from vapor phase. It is observed that the spatial arrangement of the two sets of misfit dislocations in an orthogonal array is different. In one 〈110〉 direction, the misfit dislocations tend to be uniformly distributed, while in the other 〈110〉 direction there is a marked tendency for periodic banding of the dislocations.
Host modification of Sindbis virus sialic acid content influences alternative complement pathway activation and virus clearance. (1981)

Previous studies have shown that Sindbis virus, an enveloped alphavirus of the togavirus group, activates the alternative complement pathway in the absence of detectable antiviral immunoglobulin. The present studies examined the role of the host-determined sialic acid content of Sindbis virus on activation of the alternative complement pathway. Purified Sindbis virus grown in baby hamster kidney (BHK-SV) and in mosquito (MOSQ-SV) cells yielded virus with 10.2 and less than 2.0 nmol sialic acid/mg viral protein, respectively. Sindbis virus deficient in sialic acid (2.0 nmol sialic/mg) was also produced by treating the BHK-SV with neuraminidase (NANase-SV). When MOSQ-SV or NANase-SV was incubated in either C4DGPS or C2DHS, each consumed significantly more C3 than did BHK-SV, indicating that the ability of Sindbis virus to activate the alternative pathway is inversely related to its sialic acid content. Studies in vivo showed that virus deficient in sialic acid (MOSQ-SV) was cleared from the blood of mice much more efficiently than was virus rich in sialic acid (BHK-SV), after i.v. inoculation. Furthermore, when animals were depleted of C3 through C9 by cobra venom factor (CoVF) treatment, no differences in the clearance of high and low sialic acid-containing viruses were observed. Thus both the activation in vitro and complement-dependent clearance in vivo are significantly affected by the host-determined sialic acid content of Sindbis virus.
Sub-100 nm Patterning with an Amorphous Fluoropolymer Mold (2004)

A fluoropolymer mold is introduced and used to pattern sub-100 nm features with the characteristics that cause problems in patterning with a mold. The low surface energy and inertness, stiffness, and permeable nature of the mold material make it possible to pattern without surface treatment densely populated very fine features, mixed patterns of small and large features, and features with a high aspect ratio, when the mold is used with a polymer solution for the patterning. The ultraviolet transparency of the mold material also allows for patterning with photocurable pre-polymers.
Alkyne Oxidations by <i>cis</i>-Dioxoruthenium(VI) Complexes. A Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Alkynes with <i>cis</i>-[(Cn*)(CF<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>)Ru<sup>VI</sup>O<sub>2</sub>]ClO<sub>4</sub> (Cn* = 1,4,7-Trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) (2000)

cis-Dioxoruthenium(VI) complexes, [Cn*(CF3CO 2)Ru(VI)O2]ClO4 (1) (Cn* = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) and cis-[(Tet-Me6)Ru(VI)O2](ClO 4)2 (2) (Tet-Me6 = N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-3,6-dimethyl-3,6-diazaoctane-1,8-diamine), oxidize disubstituted alkynes to 1,2-diketones selectively in good to excellent yields under ambient conditions. The reactions proceed via the formation of dark blue [(Cn*)(CF3CO2)Ru(IV)OC2R1R2O] + intermediates, which display a characteristic UV-visible absorption band at 550-680 nm. With bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene as substrate and 1 as the oxidant, the intermediate was isolated and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography as a [3 + 2] cycloadduct. The kinetics of the cycloaddition of 1 with various substituted trimethylsilylacetylenes has been studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. With the exception of bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene, the second-order rate constants were found to vary over a range of less than an order of magnitude irrespective of a 2.3 eV change of the calculated I(p) of the alkynes; therefore, a rate-limiting single electron-transfer mechanism is unlikely. The participation of oxirene (oxene insertion) and metallaoxetene ([2 + 2] cycloaddition) intermediates appears to be implausible based on product analysis. A linear Hammett correlation was established using σ + and σ(jj). parameters for the cycloaddition of 1 with para-substituted aryl trimethylsilylacetylenes, and the rate-limiting vinyl radical intermediate formation is proposed.
EVIDENCE FOR VAGAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC ACTIONS OF EXOGENOUS ADENOSINE AND ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE IN THE CANINE HEART (1985)

A closed chest canine model was used to study the electrophysiologic effects of adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the sino-atrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. Exogenous adenosine and ATP, when rapidly administered into the right atrium, caused transient negative chronotropic and dromotropic effects on the SA and AV nodes, respectively. These effects reached a maxima in 10-15 sec and dissipated in less than 120 sec. The electrophysiologic effects of ATP were more pronounced than those of adenosine. Physostigmine enhanced the chronotropic effects of adenosine and ATP and the dromotropic effects of ATP. Atropine abolished the enhancement of the electrophysiologic effects of adenosine and ATP caused by physostigmine. In the pentobarbital anaesthetized dog, ATP triggers a vagal reflex which plays a major role in mediating its electrophysiologic effects. Vagal involvement in the electrophysiologic action of adenosine is more modest, but does not appear to be mediated via reflex mechanisms.
Digital Measuring System for Monitoring Motor Shaft Parameters on Ships (2009)

The robust measuring system for the continuous monitoring of the ship motor shaft average torque, power, and rotational speed was developed and tested. The system was designed for permanent installation in ships under realistic working conditions. The strain gage sensor is employed to measure the torque, whereas the shaft rotational speed is measured by the inductive proximity switch. The strain gage signal conditioning circuit design was highly simplified by using a high-resolution SigmaDelta A/D converter (ADC). Such an approach minimizes the overall number of analog components and the input measuring chain errors. A contactless power transmission subsystem was developed based on the specifically designed rotary transformer operating at low frequency. Strain measurement results are transmitted over the near-field low-frequency capacitive link by using a specifically designed communication protocol based on the digital modulation principle. The receiver microprocessor-based unit processes the measured data and transmits the results to the monitoring human-machine interface over some commonly used industrial analog and digital communication protocols. The principal advantages of the novel measuring system design over some state-of-the-art commercial solutions are simplicity, higher accuracy, stability, reliability, simplified calibration procedure, and contactless signal transmission and processing completely in a digital form, which, hence, reduces the most common shortcomings of similar analog-based systems.
New low cost material development technique for advancing rapid prototyping manufacturing technology. (2007)

Abstract Not Provided
Variation in Postoperative Analgesic Requirements in the Morbidly Obese Following Gastric Bypass Surgery (1982)

Patient-controlled analgesia is a relatively new method of administering intravenous narcotics for postoperative pain relief. The technique involves the self-administration of a given analgesic in a bolus dose with the aid of a timed infusion and sequencing device. Ten morbidity obese patients undergoing elective gastric bypass surgery were treated in a prospective, unblinded, pilot project to evaluate the efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia. Analgesic therapy was satisfactory in all patients. The mean total dose of morphine sulfate administered during the first 36 hours postoperatively was 66 mg, an average of 1.7 mg/hr. There was a tenfold variation (17.5-175 mg) in the 36 hr total dose. The total dose was not related to body surface area, age, sex, dose per injection, or anesthetic agent. The large variation in individual narcotic analgesic requirements could be a major factor in the suboptimal management of postoperative pain with conventional dosing. Patient-controlled analgesia may circumvent these problems.
Reactions of 8-quinolinol with covalent halides. Part I. Tin and titanium tetrachlorides (1966)

The adducts MCl4noxH (M = Sn or Ti)(n= 1 or 2) are precipitated when 8-quinolinol (oxH) and the appropriate tetrahalides are mixed in chloroform. In these adducts the ligand 8-quinolinol is probably unidentate. Solids having the same composition, but with n= 4, are similarly formed but are mixtures of 8-quinolinolium chloride and the metal dichlorodi-8-quinolinolates, MCl2ox2. The compounds TiCl3ox and TiClox3 have also been prepared; the latter may contain seven-co-ordinate titanium. 8-Quinolinol also forms adducts with antimony pentachloride, ferric chloride, and boron trifluoride, but, in contrast, reacts with boron trichloride with loss of hydrogen chloride and the formation of BCl2ox.
Learning collaborative manipulation tasks by demonstration using a haptic interface (2009)

This paper presents a method by which a robot can learn through observation to perform a collaborative manipulation task, namely lifting an object. The task is first demonstrated by a user controlling the robot's hand via a haptic interface. Learning extracts statistical redundancies in the examples provided during training by using Gaussian Mixture Regression and Hidden Markov Model. Haptic communication reflects more than pure dynamic information on the task, and includes communication patterns, which result from the two users constantly adapting their hand motion to coordinate in time and space their respective motions. We show that the proposed statistical model can efficiently encapsulate typical communication patterns across different dyads of users, that are stereotypical of collaborative behaviours between humans and robots. The proposed learning approach is generative and can be used to drive the robot's retrieval of the task by ensuring a faithful reproduction of the overall dynamics of the task, namely by reproducing the force patterns for both lift the object and adapt to the human user's hand motion. This work shows the potential that teleoperation holds for transmitting both dynamic and communicative information on the task, which classical methods for programming by demonstration have traditionally overlooked.
Preserving quality of service guarantees in spite of flow aggregation (2002)

We investigate how quality of service may be guaranteed to a flow of packets in the presence of flow aggregation. For efficiency, multiple flows, known as the constituent flows, are merged together resulting in a single aggregate flow. After the network node where the aggregation occurs, packet schedulers are aware of the aggregate flow, but are unaware of its constituent flows. In spite of this, we show that quality of service may be guaranteed to the constituent flows, provided the aggregation is performed fairly. When the delay bound of a flow is de-coupled from the flow's reserved rate, flow aggregation preserves the delay bound. When the delay bound of a flow is coupled to the flow's reserved rate, flow aggregation preserves, and in some cases improves, the delay bound.
High Critical Current Density Multifilamentary ${\rm MgB}_{2}$ Strands (2007)

Magnesium diboride multifilamentary strands consisting of 7, 19, 37, and 61 filaments were fabricated using a Nb chemical barrier, 101 Cu as an internal stabilizer, and either monel or oxide-dispersion-strengthened Cu (ODS Cu) as an outer sheath. The various strands were given single-step heat treatments of 700degC for 20-40 minutes. Transport critical current density, J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> , measurements were performed at 4.2 K on 1-meter lengths of strand on ITER barrels in fields of up to 15 T. Higher temperature transport values at 0-12 T were subsequently measured on short samples. Typical J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> values were at 1times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> A cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> at 5 T and 4.2 K and similar values at 2 T and 20 K. The use of ODS Cu as the outer sheath material improved the ductility and stability of the strand without much sacrifice in transport J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> . Optimization of transport properties through variation of the Mg/B stoichiometry was also studied. Pinning force curves at various temperatures were analysed.
A Novel Physical Synthesis Methodology in the VLSI Design Automation by Introducing Dynamic Library Concept (2013)

NRE costs and Time-to-Market are the two contributing factors in current IC industries to keep up with the competition with the embedded systems market. To reduce both is a challenge to the research community to come up with a design automation solution. Here, we propose a Design Automation methodology by introducing the concept of Dynamic Library Concept. The methodology uses the libraries of the layouts of the already designed blocks for the later use in further designs. Thereby, reducing the design time and cost associated with it. Here, we are presenting the preliminary findings by considering the standard full adder and 4-Bit adder examples.
Electrooptic holography and its application to hologram interferometry (1985)

This paper discusses the possibilities of recording electrooptic holograms using a TV camera and digital frame storage for applications to hologram interferometry. The technique of reference beam phase stepping is proposed to allow determination of object beam amplitude and phase for every pixel element. The use of binary levels for both picture display and camera readout is discussed along with estimates of computation times.
Induction of pathogen resistance and pathogenesis‐related genes in tobacco by a heat‐stable <i>Trichoderma</i> mycelial extract and plant signal messengers (1997)

Heat‐stable mycelial extracts of the nonpathogenic fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum induced resistance in tobacco seedlings ( Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38) to the pathogen Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (race 0), which did not involve a hypersensitive response. Resistance could not be induced with mycelial extract prepared in the same manner from P. parasitica . The nonpathogenic mycelial extract induced expression of PR‐1b and osmotin (PR‐5) genes to a higher level than did mycelial extract from the pathogenic fungus. The tissue‐specific pattern of PR gene induction by the nonpathogenic mycelial extract was different from that of the pathogenic mycelial extract and was consistent with the ability of the former to cause disease resistance. The expression patterns of these two PR genes and the accumulations of their encoded proteins also were affected by salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene (E) and combinations of these plant signal messengers. However, only combined SA and MeJA treatment mimicked the pattern of PR gene mRNA and protein accumulation induced by the nonpathogenic mycelial extract. E inhibitors blocked both mycelial extract‐induced and SA/MeJA‐induced PR gene expression, and the cis pattern of responsiveness on the osmotin promoter was the same for the mycelial extract, SA, E, or E/MeJA. Seedlings treated with P. parasitica spores in the presence of SA/MeJA were protected from pathogen colonization. However, these seedlings exhibited symptoms of cell death (disease symptoms) both in the absence and presence of P. parasitica spores, in contrast to seedlings treated with nonpathogenic mycelial extract, which remained healthy. These results suggest that the signal transduction pathways for elicitation of defense responses by exogenously applied heat‐stable nonpathogenic mycelial extract and SA/MeJA overlap at the point of PR protein induction but are not identical.
Series-parallel switched-capacitor based multilevel inverter (2011)

This paper proposes a new structure of series-parallel switched-capacitor based multilevel inverter with a simple control strategy and the minimum number of switches in comparison with the other similar structures. This converter steps up the output voltage and produce multilevel waveform to reduce the harmonic distortions of the output voltage and current. The proposed inverter steps up voltage by using of the switching capacitors without using any transformer or inductor. So, small size, light weight and high efficiency, are the main advantages of the proposed inverter. The proposed inverter with these advantages may be useful in the low-voltage applications such as photovoltaic and fuel cell.
Death begets failure in the heart (2005)

Recently, low--but abnormal--rates of cardiomyocyte apoptosis have been observed in failing human hearts. Genetic and pharmacological studies suggest that this cell death is causally linked to heart failure in rodent models. Herein, we review these data and discuss potential therapeutic implications.
Abnormalities of the S‐T segment—Part I (1997)

The usual normal S-T segment of the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) contributes little to the diagnostic procedure. When the S-T segment is too long or too short, or when it is displaced upward or downward, it is commonly abnormal. Under such circumstances, an S-T segment abnormality usually contributes considerable diagnostic information. When the Grant method of ECG interpretation is used, it is possible to perceive abnormalities of the S-T segment that may otherwise be ignored or misinterpreted. This paper describes the method of identification and the significance of primary and secondary S-T segment abnormalities. When a mean vector constructed for the S-T segment displacement seen in 12 ECG leads is relatively parallel with a mean vector representing the T wave, it is, with a few exceptions, part of the repolarization process and is therefore part of the T wave. This may be called a secondary S-T segment abnormality. When a mean vector constructed for the S-T segment displacement seen in 12 ECG leads is not relatively parallel with a mean vector representing the T wave, it is, with a few exceptions, not part of the repolarization process and is therefore not part of the T wave. This may be called a primary S-T segment abnormality.
PUERTO RICO UNA CRISIS HISTORICA (1977)

BAJO LOS AUSPICIOS DE LAS FACULTADES DE ECONOMIA, CIENCIAS POLITICAS Y SOCIALES Y FILOSOFIA Y LETRAS, SE REALIZO EL CICLO DE CONFERENCIAS CON EL TEMA RICO:UNA CRISIS HISTORICA. EL CATEDRATICO DE UNIVERSIDAD DE PUERTO RICO, PROFESOR MANUEL MALDONADO DENIS, FUE UNO DE LOS PARTICIPANTES QUE ABORDO EN SU PONENCIA EL TEMA APROXIMACION CRITICA AL FENOMENO NACIONALISTA EN PUERTO RICO; DEL CUAL DIJO ESTA INCLUIDO EN EL NACIONALISMO LATINOAMERICANO, AUNQUE CON RASGOS ESPECIFICOS. GRAN DIFERENCIA ES QUE PUERTO RICO SIGUE SOMETIDO AL IMPERIALISMO EXTRANJERO SIN ALCANZAR SU INDEPENDENCIA COMO LOS OTROS PAISES; SUS MOVIMIENTOS NO SON POPULISTAS, EL NACIONALISMO SURGE POR INICIATIVA DE HACENDADOS CRIOLLOS CONTRA EL DOMINIO ESPANOL. ACTUALMENTE NO EXISTE UNA BURGUESIA NACIONAL QUE GENERE UN FENOMENO EMANCIPADOR, ES MAYOR EL ANEXIONISMO. LA DEBILIDAD DEL NACIONALISMO ES UNA EXPRESION DE DEBILIDAD DE PROPIA BURGUESIA. EL NACIONALISMO ESTA DETERMINADO POR SU CONDICION DE PAIS SOMETIDO: ESTA EN CRISIS.
IVHS EXTENSIONS (TECH BRIEFS) (1992)

This article reports on a General Accounting Office document which states that IVHS technologies are some of the ways in which traffic congestion in the United States can be eased. IVHS can cut the average urban commute by as much as 50% and reduce automobile emissions by up to 15%.