gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic ion chromatography of cations using an N-dodecylphosphocholine zwitterionic stationary phase and water as the mobile phase (1999)

The separation of inorganic cations using a phosphocholine-type zwitterionic stationary phase [formed by coating an octadecyl silica column with a phosphocholine zwitterionic surfactant (PC-ZS)] and water as the mobile phase has been investigated. The PC-ZS possesses a positively charged group (+) and a negatively charged group (–), with the (+) being outermost and the (–) being innermost. In other words, the positions of the functional groups are opposite to that for sulfobetaine-type zwitterionic surfactants (SB-ZS) used previously for the separation of inorganic anions. With a PC-ZS stationary phase, cations having the same charges (e.g., Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+) were separated successfully. This study shows that the separation selectivity of zwitterionic stationary phases towards inorganic anions or cations is determined chiefly by the positions of the two charged groups on the zwitterion. The elution order for the cations (for example Ba2+<Mg2+<Ca2+) differed from that of cation-exchange, demonstrating that the zwitterionic stationary phase interacts with analyte ions in a unique manner. A retention mechanism based on coulombic attraction and repulsion effects and ion-pair formation is proposed.
SPECIMEN PREPARATION LIMITATIONS IN TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUANTIFICATION USING MICRO-X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (2000)

Micro-X-ray fluorescence, MXRF, has significant potential for trace elemental analysis when combined with proper specimen preparation. The combination of preconcentration with localized spatially resolved excitation offers increased sensitivity for both aqueous solutions and solid matrices. An additional attractive feature of MXRF is the small specimen size required. Present studies are directed towards the application of this method to trace elemental analysis. Specimen preparation can greatly affect detection limits, accuracy, precision, and background interference. Thus, three specimen preparation methods for selected SRMs will be examined: micro-pellet, slurry, and dried spot. Other factors affecting quantification, including aperture size, capillary optics, and tube conditions will be studied. Due to today's modern society, there has been increasing concerns of the environmental impact of various industries on local habitats. This has resulted in a large increase in elemental monitoring of metals since sufficiently high levels of any metal can be toxic. Environmental and biological studies have demonstrated that contamination of the environment is reflected by metal concentrations in sediments, wildlife, and vegetation. Due to the sediment's role in the adsorption, transport, and deposition of contaminates, it can act as a historical record of the local environment. Trace element contamination of vegetation can occur by adsorption through leaves and roots. Wildlife becomes contaminated as a result of uptake from water and food ( 11. However, metals are usually present in natural samples only at trace or ultra-trace levels. Common techniques for trace elemental analysis of environmental samples include atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Another common analytical technique is X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. XRF is a mature analytical technology that has the advantages of being a versatile and non-destructive method for the rapid, simultaneous determination of many elements. Specimen preparation is normally simpler than for other methods, but XRF is usually regarded as a bulk analytical method requiring several grams of sample for analysis. In addition, regulatory-based environmental work has detection limits below 1 ppm, which is not usually obtained with XRF applications. Although XRF is an excellent method for both field and laboratory screening of environmental samples, regulatory limits are usually beyond the reach of conventional XRF. New developments in XRF analysis can provide analysts with sensitivities that approach and match those of GF-AAS and ICP-MS. Some of the developments address instrumentation. Cosslett
Error-resilient video coding using motion compensated temporal filtering and embedded multiple description scalar quantizers (2005)

Real time delivery of video over best-effort networks requires compression systems that dynamically adapt the rate to the available channel capacity and exhibit robustness to data loss as retransmission is often impractical. Error-resilience, however, significantly lowers the coding performance when rigid design is performed based on a worst-case scenario. This paper presents an original scalable video coding scheme that couples the compression efficiency of the open-loop architecture with the robustness of multiple description source coding. The use of embedded multiple description quantization and a novel channel-aware rate-allocation allow for shaping on-the-fly the output bit-rate and the degree of resilience. As a result, robustness to data losses is traded for better visual quality when transmission occurs over reliable channels, while error-resilience is introduced when noisy links are involved. The advantage of our proposal is demonstrated in the context of packet-lossy networks.
Pleiotropic Effects of Cytokines on Acute Myocardial Infarction: G-CSF as A Novel Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction (2003)

Many cytokines have been reported to be increased in human and animal models with cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied with an inflammatory reaction which induces cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. The inflammatory reaction has been investigated in animal models of MI or myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The mechanisms by which cytokine cascade is activated in the infarcted myocardium have been recently elucidated. Several hematopoietic growth factors including interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and stem cell factor (SCF) have been reported to be positive regulators of granulopoiesis and act at different stages of myeloid cell development. G-CSF plays a critical role in regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and survival of myeloid progenitor cells. G-CSF also causes a marked increase in the release of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into the peripheral blood circulation, a process termed mobilization. Although cardiac myocytes have been considered as terminally differentiated cells, it has been recently reported that there are many proliferating cardiac myocytes after MI in human heart. After it was demonstrated that bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into cardiac myocytes, myocardial regeneration has been widely investigated. Recently, G-CSF has been reported to improve cardiac function and reduces mortality after acute MI. Although the mechanism by which G-CSF ameliorates cardiac dysfunction is not fully understood, there is the possibility that G-CSF may regenerate cardiac myocytes and blood vessels through mobilization of BMSCs. In the future, cytokine-mediated regeneration therapy may become to be a novel therapeutic strategy for MI.
Purified vitexin compound 1 inhibits growth and angiogenesis through activation of FOXO3a by inactivation of Akt in hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

Vitexins, isolated from the seeds of the Chinese herb Vitex negundo, is known to exert antitumor activity in cancer xenograft models and cell lines. The aim of the current study was to examine whether the Akt/forkhead box protein O3a (FOXO3a) pathway mediates the biological effects of purified vitexin compound 1 (VB-1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The effect of VB-1 on the viability of the HCC cell lines HepG2, Hep3B, Huh-7 and the human embryonic liver cells L-02 was investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Growth inhibition was assessed by clonogenic assay, and cell cycle arrest was investigated using flow cytometry. Inhibition of angiogenesis was evaluated using a matrigel in vitro HUVEC tube formation assay. The effects on the Akt/FOXO3a pathway were detected by western blotting. VB-1 suppressed the proliferation of HepG2, Hep3B, Huh-7 cells, but had little effect on L-02 cells. VB-1 inhibited anchorage-dependent and -independent HepG2 cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner by induction of cell cycle arrest at G1/G0. VB-1 also reduced the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulting in the inhibition of endothelial tube formation. Phosphorylated Akt and its downstream effector FOXO3a were downregulated in VB-1-treated HepG2 cells. Knockdown of Akt1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhanced growth inhibition, and silencing FOXO3a by siRNA attenuated this action. VB-1 inhibited growth and induced cell cycle arrest at G1/G0 by regulating the Akt/FOXO3a pathway. The findings suggested that VB-1 is a potentially promising candidate for the treatment of HCC.
Transport in models with correlated diagonal and off-diagonal disorder (1989)

The electrical transport properties of one-dimensional tight-binding models, with correlation between diagonal and off-diagonal disorder, are obtained using Felderhof's method. A new local transformation eliminating the off-diagonal disorder is utilised. The characterisation of the type of correlation for the existence of a critical energy Ec, at which transmission exists, is found. It is a generalisation, in some sense, of the well known transmission at the band centre for the case with only off-diagonal disorder. For the high-wavenumber approximation we find explicitly the inverse localisation length which, close to Ec, behaves as mod E-Ec mod nu , with nu =1 at the edges of the band and nu =2 otherwise. The transmission for a wavepacket around Ec is analysed for samples of finite size.
Lewis basicity of silatranes and the molecular structures of EtOSi(OCH2CH2)3N, Me2O+Si(OCH2CH2)3N, and CF3CO2H.cntdot.EtOSi(OCH2CH2)3N (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis basicity of silatranes and the molecular structures of EtOSi(OCH2CH2)3N, Me2O+Si(OCH2CH2)3N, and CF3CO2H.cntdot.EtOSi(OCH2CH2)3NR. J. Garant, L. M. Daniels, S. K. Das, M. N. Janakiraman, R. A. Jacobson, and J. G. VerkadeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 15, 5728–5735Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00015a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00015a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views396Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Efficacy and safety of loratadine suspension in the treatment of children with allergic rhinitis (1989)

The safety and efficacy of loratadine was compared with that of dexchlorpheniramine in children with allergic rhinitis. Twenty-one children received loratadine 0.11-0.24 mg/kg ideal body weight once daily and 19 dexchlorpheniramine 0.10-0.23 mg/kg every 8 h (0.30-0.69 mg/24 h) for 14 consecutive days. Both loratadine and dexchlorpheniramine were effective in reducing nasal and ocular symptoms in allergic children. Substantial improvement in allergy symptoms was observed at the first evaluation (day 3 of treatment) and was maintained for the study duration. No significant trend of abnormality in laboratory parameters was observed. Drowsiness was present only in the dexchlorpheniramine-treated group. Loratadine appears to be a simple, effective and safe therapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis.
What can pK<sub>a</sub> and NBO charges of the ligands tell us about the water and thermal stability of metal organic frameworks? (2014)

The p<italic>K</italic><sub>a</sub><sup>1</sup> values and NBO charges of 32 carboxylate ligands and 31 <italic>N</italic>-heterocyclic ligands were calculated at 298.15 K with the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of calculations, which are useful to understand the water and thermal stability of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs).
Co-stimulatory effect of nitric oxide on endothelial NF-κB implies a physiological self-amplifying mechanism (1998)

Here we investigated the effects of the second messenger molecule NO at various concentrations on the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB, IkappaB-alpha kinase (IKK-alpha), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and apoptosis in murine endothelial cells. Low concentrations of NO alone failed to activate NF-kappaB, IKK-alpha and JNK. When NF-kappaB was prestimulated by TNF-alpha or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, the addition of NO at low concentrations enhanced the activation of NF-kappaB. This provides a mechanism for a self-amplifying signal in the inflammatory response, since the inducible NO synthase in endothelial cells is regulated by NF-kappaB. The co-stimulatory effect of NO on NF-kappaB activation was also evident from IKK-alpha kinase assays and reporter gene experiments in endothelial cells. High doses of NO impaired the TNF-alpha-induced DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB. Accordingly, these high amounts of NO also repressed the TNF-alpha-induced transactivation by NF-kappaB as efficient as dexamethasone. The doses of NO required for the inhibition of NF-kappaB are not cytotoxic for the endothelial cells, enabling the establishment of an autoregulatory loop for NF-kappaB signaling.
Selective Killing of Leukemia and Lymphoma Cells Ectopically Expressing hCGβ by a Conjugate of Curcumin with an Antibody against hCGβ Subunit (2009)

A humanized antibody against hCGbeta linked to curcumin has potential for therapy of hCGbeta-expressing tumors.
Analysis and evaluation of current-sharing control for parallel-connected DC-DC converters taking into account cable resistance (2002)

Paralleling of power converters has become increasingly important due to increased utilization of multiple power converters in high-power and distributed system applications. The paper presents a better current-sharing control technique for parallel-connected converters, known as central-limit control, as an improvement over the master-slave control. The limitations of the master-slave control technique are discussed and a few central-limit control topology variations are analyzed. It is shown in the paper that stable operation of current-sharing control depends not only on the method of current-sharing control, but also on converter output cable resistance. By selecting suitable converter output cable resistance, adequate phase margin for stable operation of paralleled converters can be achieved under all load conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2,4,6‐Octatrienoic acid is a novel promoter of melanogenesis and antioxidant defence in normal human melanocytes via PPAR‐γ activation (2011)

Given the importance of the tanning response in protecting human skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation, one important research priority is to identify novel molecules that are capable of promoting pigmentation and/or antioxidant defence. Parrodienes share some structural features with carotenoids and retinoids, stimulate cell antioxidant defence and counteract senescence-like phenotype in fibroblasts. We selected the parrodiene-derivative 2,4,6-octatrienoic acid (Octa) to study its impact on key parameters of melanogenesis and antioxidant defence in organ-cultured human skin and in normal human melanocytes. Octa promoted melanogenesis by up-regulating tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression. This correlated with an increase of melanin content in both human epidermis in situ and cultured human epidermal melanocytes. Moreover, Octa increased the biological antioxidant potential content and the expression and activity of catalase. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ was necessary to evoke these effects. These data strongly encourage the systematic study of Octa as a novel candidate promoter of human skin photoprotection.
Coded scenes for fast system calibration in magnetic particle imaging (2018)

Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) agents have a wide range of clinical application areas for both imaging and therapy. MNP distribution inside the body can be imaged using Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI). For MPI image reconstruction with the system function matrix (SFM) approach, a calibration scan is necessary, in which a single MNP sample is placed and scanned inside the full field of view (FOV), which is a very time consuming task. In this study, we propose the use of coded scenes that include MNP samples at multiple positions inside the FOV, and reconstruct the SFM using compressed sensing techniques. We used simulations to analyze the effect of number of coded scenes on the image quality, and compare the results with standard sparse reconstruction using single MNP sample scan. The results show that with the proposed method, the required number of measurements is decreased substantially, enabling a fast system calibration procedure.
Rifaximin for the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy (2008)

Rifaximin was at least equally effective as and in some studies superior to nonabsorbable disaccharides and antimicrobials in relieving signs or symptoms observed in patients with mild-to-moderately severe hepatic encephalopathy. Future clinical trials should focus on using standardized methods of evaluating mental status and limiting enrollment to patients with mild-to-moderate, episodic, persistent, or minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Well-designed studies are needed to fully delineate the efficacy of rifaximin and other pharmacologic treatments for patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
Molecular diagnosis of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency by oligonucleotide ligation assay (1998)

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is a recessively inherited defect in the mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids. A single nucleotide change, the A985 --> G transition, in the MCAD gene accounts for approximately 90% of all the disease-causing mutations in the patients. We have used PCR to amplify a segment of the human MCAD gene and typed the allelic sequence variation at base 985 by a colorimetric oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA). PCR/OLA provides a technique that permits differentiation of the homozygotes, heterozygotes, and normals for the A985 --> G allele in the MCAD gene. Genotyping of 1908 random Finnish DNA samples by OLA identified 10 carriers of the mutant allele, but no homozygotes were found. The calculated carrier frequency for the A985 --> G mutation was 1:191 (95% confidence limits, 1:118-1:501), and the calculated frequency for the A985 --> G homozygotes was 1:147,000 (95% confidence limits, 1:56,000-1:1,004,000).
Detecting low-quality crowdtesting workers (2015)

QoE crowdtesting is increasingly popular among researchers to conduct subjective assessments of different services. Experimenters can easily access to a huge pool of human subjects through crowdsourcing platforms. A fundamental problem threatening the integrity of crowdtesting is to detect cheating from the workers who work without any supervision. One of the approaches in classifying the quality of workers is analyzing their behavior during the experiments. A major challenge is to systematically analyze the mouse cursor trajectory. However, existing works usually analyze the trajectory coarsely, which cannot fully extract the information imbedded in the trajectory. In this paper, we propose to use finer-grained cursor trajectory analysis, including submovement analysis, to identify low quality workers. Our approach is to define a set of ten worker behavior metrics to quantify different types of worker behavior. A jQuery-based library was implemented to collect the worker behavior. Moreover, four different 5-point Likert scale rating methods were employed. A number of methods, including question design, instructions, and human inspections, are used to label workers into three categories. We then apply multiclass Naive Bayes classifier to construct different models using all or some of the metrics and the workers' category. Our results show that the error rates of the model trained from four metrics is equal or less than 30% for four rating methods. By combining the predictions from the four rating methods, the successful rate in detecting low-quality workers is around 80%.
Phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C From <i>Bacillus cereus</i>: Improved purification, amino acid composition, and amino‐terminal sequence (1989)

Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C was purified in a 27% yield from the culture medium of Bacillus cereus by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified enzyme was free of other phospholipase C-type activities and exhibited a high specific activity of approximately 1,300 units/mg. Amino acid composition analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated a molecular weight of about 35 kDa. The sequence of the first 29 N-terminal amino acids was also determined.