gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
G20210A Prothrombin gene polymorphism and coronary ischaemic syndromes: a phenotype-specific meta-analysis of 12 034 subjects (2003)

G20210A prothrombin gene polymorphism may represent a modest but significant risk factor for myocardial infarction at young ages and favour the expression of ischaemic heart disease among individuals who have a limited extent of coronary atherosclerosis at angiography.
Holographic lensless interference encryption based on single spatial light modulator (2016)

Interference-based optical image encryption has triggered much current attention due to its marked advantages, such as non-iterative operation. However, the precise alignment requirements of the phase-only masks in two different planes restrict the experimental verification. Few experimental results have been reported about the optical interference encryption. In this paper, we propose a holographic lensless interference encryption method based on single spatial light modulator. The alignment requirements are avoided by uploading the two phase-only masks into one single spatial light modulator simultaneously. The pixel vector decomposition algorithm is applied to decompose the Fresnel computer-generated hologram (CGH) into two phase-only CGHs for higher security. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the decryption process.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Origin of <i>BRAF</i> V600E Mutations in Hairy Cell Leukemia (2014)

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by somatic BRAFV600E mutations. The malignant cell in HCL has immunophenotypic features of a mature B cell, but no normal counterpart along the continuum of developing B lymphocytes has been delineated as the cell of origin. We find that the BRAFV600E mutation is present in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in HCL patients, and that these patients exhibit marked alterations in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) frequencies. Quantitative sequencing analysis revealed a mean BRAFV600E-mutant allele frequency of 4.97% in HSCs from HCL patients. Moreover, transplantation of BRAFV600E-mutant HSCs from an HCL patient into immunodeficient mice resulted in stable engraftment of BRAFV600E-mutant human hematopoietic cells, revealing the functional self-renewal capacity of HCL HSCs. Consistent with the human genetic data, expression of BRafV600E in murine HSPCs resulted in a lethal hematopoietic disorder characterized by splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, increased circulating soluble CD25, and increased clonogenic capacity of B lineage cells-all classic features of human HCL. In contrast, restricting expression of BRafV600E to the mature B cell compartment did not result in disease. Treatment of HCL patients with vemurafenib, an inhibitor of mutated BRAF, resulted in normalization of HSPC frequencies and increased myeloid and erythroid output from HSPCs. These findings link the pathogenesis of HCL to somatic mutations that arise in HSPCs and further suggest that chronic lymphoid malignancies may be initiated by aberrant HSCs.
Genotype-Phenotype Correlations at the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) Gene (1995)

Germline mutations at the adenomatous polyposis (APC) gene are responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an inherited condition that predisposes to the development of hundreds to thousands benign adenomas in the colorectum. If not surgically removed, colorectal adenomas inevitably progress into malignant adenocarcinomas. To date, more than 450 germline mutations have been described at the APC gene, allowing the establishment of genotype-phenotype correlations between the site and type of the molecular defects and their morbid consequences. However, the function of the APC protein and its role in intestinal tumorigenesis are still elusive. Somatic mutations in the APC gene have also been found in the majority of early sporadic adenomas with similar frequencies as those reported in the more advanced colorectal tumors, clearly indicating that it represents an important determinant in the pathogenesis of this common cancer. Therefore, studies on the normal function of APC and the mechanisms by which its tumorigenic mutations lead to the development of cancer would have practical (i.e., clinical) as well as theoretical relevance. Here, we review the current literature on the relationship between APC mutations and their phenotypic consequences, with particular regard of the implications for the understanding of the function of this gene in homeostasis and tumorigenesis.
Conformationally Restricted Analogues of <sup>1</sup><i>N</i>,<sup>14</sup><i>N</i>-Bisethylhomospermine (BE-4-4-4):  Synthesis and Growth Inhibitory Effects on Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2000)

Twelve analogues of 1N,14N-bisethylhomospermine (BE-4-4-4) with restricted conformations were synthesized in the search for cancer chemotherapeutic agents with higher cytotoxic activities and lower systemic toxicities than BE-4-4-4. The central butane segment of BE-4-4-4 was replaced with a 1,2-substituted cyclopropane ring, a 1,2-substituted cyclobutane ring, and a 2-butene residue. In each case, the cis/trans-isomeric pair was synthesized. Cis-monounsaturation(s) was also introduced at the outer butane segment(s) of BE-4-4-4. The two possible cis-dienes and a cis-triene formally derived from the tetraazaeicosane skeleton of BE-4-4-4 were also prepared. Four cultured human prostate cancer cell lines (LnCap, DU145, DuPro, and PC-3) were treated with the new tetramines to examine their effects on cell growth with a MTT assay. One representative cell line (DuPro) was selected to further study the cellular uptake of the novel tetramines, their effects on intracellular polyamine pools, and their cytotoxicity. All tetramines entered the cells, reduced cellular putrescine and spermidine pools while exerting only a small effect on the spermine pool, inhibited cell growth, and killed 2-3 logs of cells after 6 days of treatment at 10 microM. Four new tetramines, the two cyclopropyl isomers, the trans-cyclobutyl isomer, and the (5Z)-tetraazaeicosene, were more cytotoxic than their saturated counterpart (BE-4-4-4). Their cytotoxicity, however, could not be correlated either with their cellular uptake or with their ability to deplete intracellular polyamine pools. We attribute their cytotoxicity to their specific molecular structures. The cytotoxicity was markedly reduced when the central butane segment was deprived of its rotational freedom by replacing it with a double bond. Introduction of a triple bond or a benzene-1,2-dimethyl residue at the central segment of the polyamine chain, led to complete loss of biological activity. The conformationally restricted alicyclic derivatives were not only more cytotoxic than was the freely rotating BE-4-4-4 by several orders of magnitude but also had much lower systemic toxicities than the latter. Thus, we obtained new tetramines with a wider therapeutic window than BE-4-4-4.
CLXXXVII.—Action of diazo-salts on methanesulphonamide (1924)

P. K. Dutt, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1924, 125, 1463 DOI: 10.1039/CT9242501463
Simplification Using Paraphrases and Context-Based Lexical Substitution (2018)

Reno Kriz, Eleni Miltsakaki, Marianna Apidianaki, Chris Callison-Burch. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers). 2018.
Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in Infants and Children: Imaging of a Changing Disease (2017)

In children, hematogenous osteomyelitis is an infection that primarily affects the most vascularized regions of the growing skeleton. The disease has increased in frequency, virulence, and degree of soft-tissue involvement. The change in clinical manifestations and management over the past 2 decades should be reflected in the current imaging approach to the disease. Imaging of infection must depict the location of a single focus or of multiple foci of involvement and the presence of drainable collections. This review provides an overview of the imaging implications directed by the changing epidemiology, the newer insights of anatomy and pathophysiology, the imaging characteristics with emphasis on specific locations and disease complications, and the differential diagnosis considerations. In addition, basic imaging guidelines for appropriate extent of area to image based on patient age are provided. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2017.
Phase separation in confined systems (1999)

We review the current state of knowledge of phase separation and phase equilibria in porous materials. Our emphasis is on fundamental studies of simple fluids (composed of small, neutral molecules) and well-characterized materials. While theoretical and molecular simulation studies are stressed, we also survey experimental investigations that are fundamental in nature. Following a brief survey of the most useful theoretical and simulation methods, we describe the nature of gas-liquid (capillary condensation), layering, liquid-liquid and freezing/melting transitions. In each case studies for simple pore geometries, and also more complex ones where available, are discussed. While a reasonably good understanding is available for phase equilibria of pure adsorbates in simple pore geometries, there is a need to extend the models to more complex pore geometries that include effects of chemical and geometrical heterogeneity and connectivity. In addition, with the exception of liquid-liquid equilibria, little work has been done so far on phase separation for mixtures in porous media.
Brain injury: Analysis of imaging modalities (2002)

Advances in imaging have had a significant impact not only on the diagnosis of but also on the management of patients with brain injury. Various modalities are available to image the brain; however, it is not always clear which imaging modality (CT, MRI, SPECT, PET, etc.) is optimal for a specific aspect of traumatized brain. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the over 20,000 imaging studies done in brain injury and to compare the results with the experience in the literature. A detailed comparison has been done relative to CT, MRI, SPECT and PET in traumatic brain injury.
Understanding Newcomers to 3D Printing (2016)

Interest in understanding and facilitating 3D digital fabrication is growing in the HCI research community. However, most of our insights about end-user interaction with fabrication are currently based on interactions of professional users, makers, and technology enthusiasts. We present a study of casual makers, users who have no prior experience with fabrication and mainly explore walk-up-and-use 3D printing services at public print centers, such as libraries, universities, and schools. We carried out 32 interviews with casual makers, print center operators, and fabrication experts to understand the motivations, workflows, and barriers in appropriating 3D printing technologies. Our results suggest that casual makers are deeply dependent on print center operators throughout the process from bootstrapping their 3D printing workflow, to seeking help and troubleshooting, to verifying their outputs. However, print center operators are usually not trained domain experts in fabrication and cannot always address the nuanced needs of casual makers. We discuss implications for optimizing 3D design tools and interactions that can better facilitate casual makers' workflows.
Photorealistic Style Transfer via Wavelet Transforms (2019)

Recent style transfer models have provided promising artistic results. However, given a photograph as a reference style, existing methods are limited by spatial distortions or unrealistic artifacts, which should not happen in real photographs. We introduce a theoretically sound correction to the network architecture that remarkably enhances photorealism and faithfully transfers the style. The key ingredient of our method is wavelet transforms that naturally fits in deep networks. We propose a wavelet corrected transfer based on whitening and coloring transforms (WCT$^2$) that allows features to preserve their structural information and statistical properties of VGG feature space during stylization. This is the first and the only end-to-end model that can stylize a $1024\times1024$ resolution image in 4.7 seconds, giving a pleasing and photorealistic quality without any post-processing. Last but not least, our model provides a stable video stylization without temporal constraints. Our code, generated images, and pre-trained models are all available at https://github.com/ClovaAI/WCT2.
Dual Layer Beamforming with Reduced Channel State Information in TD-LTE System (2012)

Time division duplex long term evolution (TD-LTE) system specified by the 3rd Partnership Project (3GPP) supports beamforming which can fully exploit channel reciprocity. And spatial mulplexing such as dual layer based beamforming has been supported on release 9 of the 3GPP specification in recent years. The performance of beamforming utilizing channel reciprocity depends on the accuracy of the channel state obtained by the base station (BS). The critical factor in this respect is the density of the sounding reference signal (SRS) transmitted from the terminal. Moreover terminals are not required to support sounding from all receiving antennas so this behavior is supposed to impact the dual-layer beamforming performance heavily. In this paper we investigate the impact on the performance of average and coverage throughput from practical sounding limitations and the evaluation results show that performance losses are negligible in most cases. For the special case of dual layer transmission with single antenna sounding we propose two beamforming schemes, all of which utilize the combination of long-term beamformer and inter-stream orthogonality criteria (but different criteria for the two schemes) to maximize performance. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes could guarantee the dual-layer beamforming performance even in case of very sparse sounding resource.
Unveiling the Stress–Strain Behavior of Conjugated Polymer Thin Films for Stretchable Device Applications (2020)

The success of stretchable electronics based on conjugated polymers relies on having a thorough understanding of the polymer’s mechanical behavior over conditions likely encountered during operation. To meet this need, a novel approach to capture the stress–strain response of thin conjugated polymer films is introduced. This is achieved by laminating the polymer film of interest on a thin elastomer substrate and testing the composite specimen in a dynamic mechanical analyzer in a tensile test configuration. We term this approach as film laminated on thin elastomer (FLOTE) method. The benefits of this method include the ability to (1) determine the viscoelastic behavior of the conjugated polymer by testing over a broad range of temperatures and strain rates, (2) measure the film behavior over large cyclic strains, including under in-plane compression, and (3) capture the impact of the neighboring elastomer on the behavior of the polymer film. The focus is on the widely studied poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as a model system. We find that the viscoelastic characteristics of P3HT, varied by changing the specimen temperature, significantly impact film stability under cyclic strain. This includes showing that the hysteresis behavior of the films under cyclic strain changes significantly with sample temperature. In addition, it is found that, under cyclic loading, the composite has features consistent with Mullins’ effect. Based on these results, insights into polymer viscoelastic characteristics necessary to achieve high-performance stretchable electronics are gained.
Synthesis of N-aryl-N'-2-(thiazolyl-, -naphthothiazolyl-, -benzothiazolyl)guanidine hydrochlorides (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of N-aryl-N'-2-(thiazolyl-, -naphthothiazolyl-, -benzothiazolyl)guanidine hydrochloridesP. K. Srivastava and S. C. MehraCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1978, 23, 2, 177–178Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60077a033https://doi.org/10.1021/je60077a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Management of Eco-Tourism Sites: A Case Study of the Ajanta Caves (2007)

In the International tourism parlance India is perceived as a Cultural Destination and the foreign tourists visiting India for the first time find it so fascinating that quite a few of them come again and again to enjoy the "Indian Experience". No wonder India is one such destination in the world where international tourists spend maximum days once they arrive in the country. India is replete with heritage resources in the form of art, architecture and archaeology besides other cultural expressions like performing arts, dance, drama, fairs, festivals and the like. These cultural expressions constitute potential recreation resources. These resources, coupled with heritage, contribute to the richness of any landscape which can attract innumerable tourists looking for the "cultural experience".The general conference of UNESCO adopted a resolution in 1972 creating thereby a convention concerning the protection of the world 's cultural and natural heritage. The main objective of this forum was to define the world heritage, enlist sites and monuments from the member countries, the protection of which is the concern of mankind. The convention defined world heritage and drew a list of world heritage which included 378 cultural properties / sites. In India it has identified 28 sites, which are star attractions for intemational and domestic tourist. The paper makes introspection in various managerial aspects focusing mainly on the environmental impacts and problems in conservation and preservation of the World Heritage Site of Ajanta Caves, its paintings and environment in the vicinity of the cave.
Enzyme Nanorings (2008)

We have demonstrated that nanostructures, and in particular nanorings incorporating a homodimeric enzyme, can be prepared by chemically induced self-assembly of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-histidine triad nucleotide binding 1 (Hint1) fusion proteins. The dimensions of the nanorings were found by static light scattering and atomic force microscopy studies to be dependent on the length and composition of the peptide linking the fusion proteins, ranging in size from 10 to 70 nm in diameter and 64 to 740 kDa. The catalytic efficiency of the nanorings was found to be dependent on ring size, thus suggesting that the arrangement of supermolecular assemblies of enzymes may be used to control their catalytic parameters.
Organic Osmoregulatory Solutes in Cyanobacteria (1984)

The major organic osmoregulatory solutes of 36 cyanobacteria from a wide range of environmental sources have been examined using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These strains were also examined for their salt-tolerance, and could be arranged in three salt-tolerance groups, designated freshwater, marine and hypersaline. The most salt-tolerant cyanobacteria in the hypersaline group are properly classified as moderately halophilic. Cyanobacteria from all habitats and taxonomic groups accumulated organic osmoregulatory solutes, and the chemical class of the solute correlated with the salt-tolerance and habitat of the strain. Freshwater strains accumulated simple saccharides, predominantly sucrose and trehalose; marine strains accumulated the heteroside O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-glycerol, and hypersaline strains accumulated sucrose and/or trehalose together with glycine betaine or the novel solute l-glutamate betaine (N-trimethyl-l-glutamate) or they accumulated glycine betaine alone. The results suggest that the presence of certain major organic osmoregulatory solutes may be useful in the numerical taxonomy of cyanobacteria, and in the identification of some ionic characteristics of the environment of origin of each isolate.
The Anti-histamine Azelastine, Identified by Computational Drug Repurposing, Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Reconstituted Human Nasal Tissue In Vitro (2020)

ABSTRACT Background The COVID-19 pandemic is an enormous threat for healthcare systems and economies worldwide that urgently demands effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Unlike the development of vaccines and new drugs specifically targeting SARS-CoV-2, repurposing of approved or clinically tested drugs can provide an immediate solution. Methods We applied a novel computational approach to search among approved and clinically tested drugs from the DrugBank database. Candidates were selected based on Shannon entropy homology and predefined activity profiles of three small molecules with proven anti-SARS-CoV activity and a published data set. Antiviral activity of a predicted drug, azelastine, was tested in vitro in SARS-CoV-2 infection assays with Vero E6 monkey kidney epithelial cells and reconstituted human nasal tissue. The effect on viral replication was assessed by quantification of viral genomes by droplet digital PCR. Findings The computational approach with four independent queries identified major drug families, most often and in overlapping fashion anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-histamine and neuroactive drugs. Azelastine, an histamine 1 receptor-blocker, was predicted in multiple screens, and based on its attractive safety profile and availability in nasal formulation, was selected for experimental testing. Azelastine significantly reduced cytopathic effect and SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells with an EC 50 of ∼6 μM both in a preventive and treatment setting. Furthermore, azelastine in a commercially available nasal spray tested at 5-fold dilution was highly potent in inhibiting viral propagation in SARS-CoV-2 infected reconstituted human nasal tissue. Interpretations Azelastine, an anti-histamine, available in nasal sprays developed against allergic rhinitis may be considered as a topical prevention or treatment of nasal colonization with SARS-CoV-2. As such, it could be useful in reducing viral spread and prophylaxis of COVID-19. Ultimately, its potential benefit should be proven in clinical studies. Funding provided by the Hungarian government to the National Laboratory of Virology and by CEBINA GmbH.