gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iontophoresis to Aid in Releasing Tendon Adhesions (1984)

Tendon gliding is often difficult for patients after they have had divided tendons repaired. The very process by which an injured tendon heals also causes it to adhere to the surrounding tissues and prevents gliding of the tendon. Adhesions are a frequent complication of tendon repairs because active exercise does not always mobilize the tendon. Surgical tenolysis to free the adhered tendon is often indicated, although occasionally patients are able to perform their own tenolysis by active and resistive exercises. I used iontophoresis on one of our patients as an adjunct to active and resistive exercises to aid in reducing scar tissue from repair of the extensor digitorum tendon to the right middle finger. Some authors have written about the physical effects of the galvanic current used in iontophoresis.1,2 Clinicians must have an understanding of these effects before attempting to use iontophoresis.
Synthesis of α-Hydroxycarboxamides from Acetonides of α-Hydroxycarboxylic Acids and Primary Amines (1985)

The reaction of acetonides of α-hydroxycarboxylic acids with primary amines on heating provides a useful synthetic route to N-substituted α-hydroxycarboxamides. In general, formation of the α-hydroxycarboxamides is favored by the presence of only small substituents on the acetonide, by sufficient nucleophilicity of the amine, and by high-boiling aprotic solvents.
Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles as Robust Water Oxidation Catalysts Towards Remarkably Enhanced Photostability of a Ta<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> Photoanode (2012)

Abstract Despite the fact that Ta 3 N 5 absorbs a major fraction of the visible spectrum, the rapid decrease of photocurrent encountered in water photoelectrolysis over time remains a serious hurdle for the practical application of Ta 3 N 5 photoelectrodes. Here, by employing a Co 3 O 4 nanoparticle water oxidation catalyst (WOC) as well as an alkaline electrolyte, the photostability of Ta 3 N 5 electrode is significantly improved. Co 3 O 4 /Ta 3 N 5 photoanode exhibits the best durability against photocorrosion to date, when compared with Co(OH) x /Ta 3 N 5 and IrO 2 /Ta 3 N 5 photoanodes. Specifically, about 75% of the initial stable photocurrent remains after 2 h irradiation at 1.2 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode). Meanwhile, a photocurrent density of 3.1 mA cm −2 has been achieved on Co 3 O 4 /Ta 3 N 5 photoanode at 1.2 V vs. RHE with backside illumination under 1 sun AM 1.5 G simulated sunlight. The reason for the relatively high stability is discussed on the basis of electron microscopic observations and photoelectrochemical measurements, and the surface nitrogen content is monitored by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis.
Metapodaci i sheme metapodataka za objekte učenja (2018)

Razvoj informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije (IKT) i njena raznolika primjena uvjetovala je promjene i u obrazovnom procesu. Sve je učestalija pojava sistema za učenje na daljinu s ciljem da se tradicionalni način realiziranja nastave dopuni elektronskim učenjem. No da bi se obrazovni proces odvijao u virtualnom okruženju, neophodno je adekvatno organizirati i prezentirati znanje. Osnovni nositelji znanja u elektronskom učenju jesu objekti učenja. Kroz predstavljanje (IEEE) LOM sheme metapodataka, rad nastoji da pokaže prednosti i nedostatke shema, ukaže na postojanje derivata shema metapodataka i aplikacijskih profila te naglasi važnost i ulogu bibliotečke profesije u obrazovanju 21. stoljeća.
Dynamic power optimization of contoured flexible PV array under Non-Uniform Illumination conditions (2010)

Lightweight, flexible PV (FPV) modules are suitable for BIPV and stand-alone applications where contoured layouts are required and system weight is a constraint. This report focuses on optimization of a contoured FPV array which operates under Non Uniform Illumination (NUI) conditions. NUI conditions can occur at low solar angle for contoured layouts and also due to unexpected partial shading events. The output Power Voltage (P-V) characteristics under contouring and partial shading demonstrate severe oscillatory behavior around the maximum power region, which results in inefficient implementation of established tracking algorithms that seek to detect a dominant global maxima. An algorithm for MPP tracking has been proposed that takes into account both static and dynamic parameters. An integrated test system has been developed which can accurately monitor solar irradiance (range 100-1000 Watts/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and solar angle and load dependent instantaneous output voltage and current. The system has been designed for maximum current and voltage rating of 3A and 25V respectively. While an output power penalty results due to contouring, our results show a very small energy differential up to a maximum array contour value of 10°. This analysis may lead to development of novel, flexible PV array based designs.
HF Communications: A Systems Approach (1987)

HF radio past and present system considerations ground wave propagation sky wave propagation noise and interference system performance assessment air-ground communications frequency management data communications impact of modern technology.
Sweeteners (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Sensory Properties 2.1. Structural Requirements for Sweetness 2.2. Sweetness Intensity 2.3. Taste Characteristics 2.4. Synergism 3. Uses 3.1. Foods and Beverages 3.2. Table‐Top Sweeteners 3.3. Cosmetics 3.4. Pharmaceuticals 3.5. Feed 3.6. Others 4. General Toxicology and Physiology 4.1. Toxicology 4.2. Metabolism 4.3. Suitability for Diabetics 4.4. Dental Effects 5. Food Legislation 5.1. International Regulations and Assessments 5.2. National Food Legislation 6. Substances Commonly Used as Sweeteners 6.1. Acesulfame K 6.1.1. General Information 6.1.2. Physical and Chemical Properties 6.1.3. Production 6.1.4. Specifications and Analysis 6.1.5. Toxicology and Legislation 6.1.6. Uses 6.2. Aspartame 6.2.1. General Information 6.2.2. Physical and Chemical Properties 6.2.3. Production 6.2.4. Specifications and Analysis 6.2.5. Toxicology and Legislation 6.2.6. Uses 6.3. Cyclamate 6.3.1. General Information 6.3.2. Physical and Chemical Properties 6.3.3. Production 6.3.4. Specifications and Analysis 6.3.5. Toxicology and Legislation 6.3.6. Uses 6.4. Saccharin 6.4.1. General Information 6.4.2. Physical and Chemical Properties 6.4.3. Production 6.4.4. Specifications and Analysis 6.4.5. Toxicology and Legislation 6.4.6. Uses 7. Sweeteners of Lesser Importance 7.1. Glycyrrhizin 7.1.1. General Information and Properties 7.1.2. Production 7.1.3. Toxicology and Legislation 7.1.4. Uses 7.2. Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone 7.2.1. General Information and Properties 7.2.2. Production</jats:styled
Dynamics of polymerization in polyacrylamide gel (PAG) dosimeters: (II) modelling oxygen diffusion (1999)

Oxygen contamination of a polyacrylamide gel (PAG) dosimeter can have a significant detrimental effect upon the performance characteristics of the gel as a dosimeter. Oxygen contamination can occur during preparation, but can also arise from the diffusion of atmospheric oxygen through vessel walls. Even 'trace' amounts of oxygen present in any gaseous space (usually nitrogen filled) between the surface of the PAG and the vessel seal can have a detectable effect. This paper describes a method used to quantify the detrimental effects of a range of oxygen concentrations upon the performance of the PAG. The results of diffusion studies for air and pure oxygen diffusing into the PAG over time are presented and coupled with a novel method of calculating oxygen concentrations in the PAG. Results obtained suggest that the diffusion is Fickian. The coefficient of diffusion D has been calculated to be (8+/-2) x 10(-6) cm2 s(-1) for oxygen diffusing into PAG stored at 4 degrees C, under the assumption that the diffusion mechanism is independent of the concentration of the diffusing species. In addition, a quantitative relation has been established between the transverse relaxation rate R2 of the PAG and the concentration of oxygen present. The implications of these findings for polymer gel dosimetry are discussed.
Efficient Non-Planar Routing around Dead Ends in Sparse Topologies using Random Forwarding (2007)

Geographic forwarding in wireless sensor networks (WSN) has long suffered from the problem of bypassing "dead ends," i.e., those areas in the network where no node can be found in the direction of the data collection point (the sink). Solutions have been proposed to this problem, that rely on geometric techniques leading to the planarization of the network topology graph. In this paper, a novel method alternative to planarization is proposed, termed ALBA-R, that successfully routes packets to the sink transparently to dead ends. ALBA-R combines nodal duty cycles (awake/asleep schedules), channel access and geographic routing in a cross-layer fashion. Dead ends are dealt with by enhancing geographic routing with a mechanism that is distributed, localized and capable of routing packets around connectivity holes. An extensive set of simulations is provided, that demonstrates that ALBA-R is scalable, generates negligible overhead, and outperforms similar solutions with respect to all the metrics of interest investigated, especially in sparse topologies, notoriously the toughest benchmark for geographic routing protocols.
Salivary MMP‐8, TIMP‐1, and ICTP as markers of advanced periodontitis (2010)

Salivary MMP-8, TIMP-1, ICTP, and especially their ratios and combinations are potential candidates in the detection of advanced periodontitis. Differentiating periodontitis and control subjects with salivary MMP-8 detection is dependent on the selected techniques.
Role of the 85-Kilobase Plasmid and Plasmid-Encoded Virulence-Associated Protein A in Intracellular Survival and Virulence of<i>Rhodococcus equi</i> (1999)

Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular pathogen of macrophages and a cause of pneumonia in young horses (foals) and immunocompromised people. Isolates of R. equi from pneumonic foals typically contain large, 85- or 90-kb plasmids encoding a highly immunogenic virulence-associated protein (VapA). The objective of this study was to determine the role of the 85-kb plasmid and VapA in the intracellular survival and virulence of R. equi. Clinical isolates containing the plasmid and expressing VapA efficiently replicated within mouse macrophages in vitro, while plasmid-cured derivatives of these organisms did not multiply intracellularly. An isolate harboring the large plasmid also replicated in the tissues of experimentally infected mice, whereas its plasmid-cured derivative was rapidly cleared. All foals experimentally infected with a plasmid-containing clinical isolate developed severe bronchopneumonia, whereas the foals infected with its plasmid-cured derivative remained asymptomatic and free of visible lung lesions. By day 14 postinfection, lung bacterial burdens had increased considerably in foals challenged with the plasmid-containing clinical isolate. In contrast, bacteria could no longer be cultured from the lungs of foals challenged with the isogenic plasmid-cured derivative. A recombinant, plasmid-cured derivative expressing wild-type levels of VapA failed to replicate in macrophages and remained avirulent for both mice and foals. These results show that the 85-kb plasmid of R. equi is essential for intracellular replication within macrophages and for development of disease in the native host, the foal. However, expression of VapA alone is not sufficient to restore the virulence phenotype.
PLC-based fuzzy logic controller for induction-motor drive with constant V/Hz ratio (2007)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a PLC-based fuzzy logic controller for an induction motor speed control at constant V/Hz ratio. The PLC has arithmetic and logic operations instructions set that was utilized in the implementation of the fuzzy control of induction motor speed control. Fuzzy logic algorithm applies rules obtained from human expert of a system. The input signals to fuzzy controller are the linguistic variable of speed error and change of speed error, while the output signal is frequency of PWM inverter. The supply voltage to the induction motor is ascertained from frequency output requirement using constant V/Hz ratio. The objective of the controller is to provide stability in responds to disturbance and sudden changes in reference speed. Results of the proposed system show satisfactory performance.
Adaptive control of system with unknown output backlash (1995)

Adaptive control schemes for systems with unknown backlash at the plant output are developed. In the case of known backlash, a backlash inverse controller guarantees exact output tracking. When the backlash characteristics are unknown, adaptive laws are designed to update the controller parameters and to guarantee bounded input-output stability. Simulations show significant improvements of the system performance achieved by such adaptive backlash inverse controllers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of Clarithromycin-Resistant <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in Stool Samples (2003)

The recognition of the role of Helicobacter pylori in gastric diseases has led to the widespread use of antibiotics in the eradication of this pathogen. The most advocated therapy, triple therapy, often includes clarithromycin. It is well known that clarithromycin resistance is one of the major causes of eradication failure. The development of a rapid noninvasive technique that could easily be performed on fecal samples and that could also provide information about the antibiotic resistance of this microorganism is therefore advisable. Previous findings have demonstrated that clarithromycin resistance is due to a single point mutation in the 23S rRNA. All the mutations described have been associated with specific restriction sites, namely BsaI (A2143G), MboII (A2142C/G), and HhaI (T2717C). On this basis we have developed a new method, a seminested PCR, allowing screening for clarithromycin resistance of H. pylori directly on stool samples. This method furnished a 783-bp fragment of the 23S rRNA, which was subsequently digested by MboII, BsaI, and HhaI, in order to identify single point mutations associated with clarithromycin resistance. Of a total of 283 stool samples examined, 125 were H. pylori positive and two of them were shown to contain clarithromycin-resistant strains due to the presence of a mutation at position 2717, whereas no PCR products contained mutations at position 2142 or 2143. In order to evaluate the reliability of the new system, we compared the results of restriction analysis of the PCR products with the MICs shown by the H. pylori isolates by culturing gastric biopsies from the same patients.
Characterization of a Taylor-Couette vortex flow reactor (1994)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1994.
Ultrabright Multikilovolt Coherent Tunable X-Ray Source at ∼ 2.71 – 2.93 Å for Biological Microimaging (2004)

The recent observation of strong amplification on multikilovolt Xe(L) hollow atom transitions in the ∼2.8 Å spectral region can be seen as a consequence of the combination of (1) a new concept for amplification that involves the creation of a highly ordered state combining ionic, plasma, and coherent radiative components and (2) the use of two recently discovered (c. ∼1990) forms of radially symmetric energetic matter, namely, hollow atoms and self‐trapped plasma channels. This approach enables the demanding power densities necessary for x‐ray amplification (∼1019 W/cm3) to be reached under conditions for which (α) the effective phase space volume of the interaction is profoundly limited and (β) the energy transfer is radiation dominated. A leading application will be the realization of a new mode of microimaging of living biological matter having a spatial resolution ∼1000‐fold superior to conventional light microscopy.
Determination of Ventilatory Threshold Through Quadratic Regression Analysis (2010)

Ventilatory threshold (VT) has been used to measure physiological occurrences in athletes through models via gas analysis with limited accuracy. The purpose of this study is to establish a mathematical model to more accurately detect the ventilatory threshold using the ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) and the ventilatory equivalent of oxygen (VE/Vo2). The methodology is primarily a mathematical analysis of data. The raw data used were archived from the cardiorespiratory laboratory in the Department of Kinesiology at Midwestern State University. Procedures for archived data collection included breath-by-breath gas analysis averaged every 20 seconds (ParVoMedics, TrueMax 2400). A ramp protocol on a Velotron bicycle ergometer was used with increased work at 25 W.min beginning with 150 W, until volitional fatigue. The subjects consisted of 27 healthy, trained cyclists with age ranging from 18 to 50 years. All subjects signed a university approved informed consent before testing. Graphic scatterplots and statistical regression analyses were performed to establish the crossover and subsequent dissociation of VE/Vo2 to VE/VCO2. A polynomial trend line along the scatterplots for VE/VO2 and VE/VCO2 was used because of the high correlation coefficient, the coefficient of determination, and trend line. The equations derived from the scatterplots and trend lines were quadratic in nature because they have a polynomial degree of 2. A graphing calculator in conjunction with a spreadsheet was used to find the exact point of intersection of the 2 trend lines. After the quadratic regression analysis, the exact point of VE/Vo2 and VE/VCO2 crossover was established as the VT. This application will allow investigators to more accurately determine the VT in subsequent research.
Specification and Validation of Enterprise Access Control Data for Conformance to Model and Policy Constraints (2003)

The effectiveness of an enterprise access control framework depends upon the integrity of the various components or the building blocks used in that framework. The essential components of that framework are: (a) an Enterprise Access Control Model (b) a Validation mechanism to verify the enterprise access control data developed based on that model, for conformance to the model as well as domain-specific policy constraints and (c) a mechanism to map the enterprise access control data into formats required by native access enforcement mechanisms in the heterogeneous application systems in the enterprise. In this paper we chose the Role-based Access Control Model (RBAC) as a candidate for the enterprise access control model. We develop an XML Schema of an RBAC Model for a specific enterprise context and demonstrate the use of schema features to specify structural and some rudimentary domain constraints. We then annotate that XML Schema of an Enterprise RBAC Model to demonstrate specification and enforcement of some important domain-specific policy constraint using the Schematron language.
InP-InGaAs uni-traveling-carrier photodiode with improved 3-dB bandwidth of over 150 GHz (1998)

Uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes (UTC-PD's) with ultrafast response and high-saturation output are reported. It is experimentally demonstrated that the photoresponse of UTC-PD's is improved by incorporating a step-like potential profile in the photoabsorption layer. The fabricated device shows a peak electrical 3-dB bandwidth of 152 GHz at a low reverse bias voltage of -1.5 V. The output voltage can be increased to as high as 1.9 V at higher reverse bias voltages with the 3-dB bandwidth staying at over three-quarters of the maximum value. To our knowledge, the obtained response is the fastest among those reported for 1.55-μm wavelength photodiodes.
Endothelin‐1 inhibits platelet aggregation<i>in vivo</i>: a study with<sup>111</sup>indium‐labelled platelets (1990)

1. A non-invasive technique for the scintigraphic determination of 111indium-labelled platelet aggregation stimulated with submaximal doses of adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 56 micrograms kg-1 i.v.), collagen (100 micrograms kg-1 i.v.), platelet-activating factor (PAF, 0.1 microgram kg-1 i.v.) or thrombin (18 iu kg-1 i.v.) was used to investigate the platelet-inhibitory effects of endothelin 1 (ET-1) in anaesthetized rabbits in vivo. 2. ET-1 (1 nmol kg-1 i.v.) inhibited ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation in vivo; a maximum inhibition of 78% of the control value was reached at 3 min, with 45% inhibition at 15 min, and a return to control values at 30 min after injection of the peptide. 3. ET-1 (1 nmol kg-1 i.v.) inhibited in vivo platelet aggregation in response to collagen or PAF by 86% and 52%, respectively, but had no effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. 4. Indomethacin (5 mg kg-1 i.v.) abolished the ET-1-induced inhibition of ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation and significantly potentiated and prolonged the pressor response brought about by ET-1. 5. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that ET-1 potently inhibits platelet aggregation in the anaesthetized rabbit in vivo by releasing a hypotensive and anti-aggregatory cyclo-oxygenase product, presumably prostacyclin, into the circulation.
Phase-noise analysis of MEMS-based circuits and phase shifters (2002)

The effect of Brownian, acceleration, acoustic, and power-supply noise on MEMS based circuits has been calculated for MEMS.-based circuits (phase shifters, delay circuits). The calculations are done for capacitive shunt MEMS switches and metal-to-metal contact series MEMS switches. It is found that these effects result in both an amplitude and phase noise, with the phase noise being around 100/spl times/ larger than the amplitude noise. The phase noise due to Brownian motion is negligible for MEMS switches with k /spl sime/ 1.0 N/m, g/sub 0/ > 2 /spl mu/m, Q > 0.5, and f/sub 0/ /spl sime/ 50 kHz. The effect of acceleration and acoustic noise is negligible for a total acceleration noise of 10 g or less and a total acoustic noise of 74-dB sound pressure level. The power-supply noise depends on the bias conditions of the MEMS element, but is negligible for MEMS switches with a bias voltage of 0 V and a total noise voltage of 0.1 V or less. It is also found that metal-to-metal contact series switches result in much less phase noise than standard capacitive shunt switches. The phase noise increases rapidly for low spring-constant bridges (k = 0.24 N/m), low-height bridges, and bridges with a large mechanical damping (Q < 0.3). Also, varactor-based designs result in 30-40 dB more phase noise than switch-based circuits. This paper proves that microwave passive circuits built using MEMS switches (with a proper mechanical design) can be used in most commercial and military applications without any phase-noise penalty.