gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motor Neuron Degeneration Promotes Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Neurogenesis in the Spinal Cords of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mice (2005)

The organization, distribution, and function of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the adult spinal cord during motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remain largely unknown. Using nestin promoter-controlled LacZ reporter transgenic mice and mutant G93A-SOD1 transgenic mice mimicking ALS, we showed that there was an increase of NPC proliferation, migration, and neurogenesis in the lumbar region of adult spinal cord in response to motor neuron degeneration. The proliferation of NPCs detected by bromodeoxyurindine incorporation and LacZ staining was restricted to the ependymal zone surrounding the central canal (EZ). Once the NPCs moved out from the EZ, they lost the proliferative capability but maintained migratory function vigorously. During ALS-like disease onset and progression, NPCs in the EZ migrated initially toward the dorsal horn direction and then to the ventral horn regions, where motor neurons have degenerated. More significantly, there was an increased de novo neurogenesis from NPCs during ALS-like disease onset and progression. The enhanced proliferation, migration, and neurogenesis of (from) NPCs in the adult spinal cord of ALS-like mice may play an important role in attempting to repair the degenerated motor neurons and restore the dysfunctional circuitry which resulted from the pathogenesis of mutant SOD1 in ALS.
Auto-categorization methods for digital archives (2017)

Archivists and records managers would benefit from a greater understanding of the use and effectiveness of various machine learning methods, especially in the related context of electronic discovery. However, the binary classification methods used in advance search techniques in the e-discovery space may or may not prove efficacious where the information task involves sorting records into multiple categories. A survey of the landscape of machine learning methods reveals areas of potential weakness, which in turn serve as a starting point for future research in the computational archives space.
Zinc Oxide Thin Films Prepared by the Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance Plasma Sputtering Method (1990)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have been prepared by a sputtering deposition utilizing electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) plasma. An X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the ZnO films were highly c -axis oriented. The electrical resistivity of ZnO films is as high as 2.5 MΩcm. It is confirmed that the ZnO films exhibit strong piezoelectricity. For a film-thickness-to-wavelength ratio h /λ of about 0.16, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient k 2 for a surface acoustic wave was 0.7%, which is above 90% of the calculated value. The measured values of k 2 are comparable to those of the films fabricated by other conventional sputtering methods. In addition, optical emission spectroscopy was carried out during the deposition.
PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF OILS AND FATS (2007)

Crushing nuts and oilseeds is a more sophisticated way of producing edible oils, but according to Blank (1942), sesame seeds and linseed were already pressed in Egypt around 259 BCE and some 75 years later, screw and wedge presses were used in ancient Rome for the production of quite a variety of nut and seed oils and of course olive oil. It was only in 1900 that Anderson introduced the mechanical screw press (Hastert, 1998).
The role of hydrophobicity in the disruption of erythrocyte membrane by nanoparticles composed of hydrophobically modified poly(γ-glutamic acid) (2013)

Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) prepared from biocompatible polymers have been studied extensively as carriers for the targeted and controlled delivery of antigens to develop safe and effective vaccines. Especially, the endosomal escape of antigens is essential for the induction of antigen-specific potent immune responses, and the NPs which can control the endosomal escape are urgently required. It has been reported that the hydrophobicity of polymers affected the interactions between the polymer and the membranes, but there have no reports about investigating the effect of the hydrophobicity of the NPs on the membrane disruptive property. In this study, we evaluated the effect of hydrophobicity of NPs on the membrane disruptive property for the first time. We prepared NPs composed of amphiphilic poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) with various grafting degrees of hydrophobic backbone (43-71%), and evaluated the membrane disruptive property. These NPs showed membrane disruptive activity only at the endosomal pH range, and this activity was dependent on the hydrophobicity of γ-PGA. The dependency of the membrane disruptive property on the hydrophobicity of NPs was due to the surface hydrophobicity of them. Our results could provide a guideline for the rational design of amphiphilic polymers as nanoparticle-based vaccine carriers.
The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla. III. Peripheral innervation patterns in the utricular macula (1990)

1. Nerve fibers supplying the utricular macula of the chinchilla were labeled by extracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase into the vestibular nerve. The peripheral terminations of individual fibers were reconstructed and related to the regions of the end organ they innervated and to the sizes of their parent axons. 2. The macula is divided into medial and lateral parts by the striola, a narrow zone that runs for almost the entire length of the sensory epithelium. The striola can be distinguished from the extrastriolar regions to either side of it by the wider spacing of its hair cells. Calyx endings in the striola have especially thick walls, and, unlike similar endings in the extrastriola, many of them innervate more than one hair cell. The striola occupies 10% of the sensory epithelium; the lateral extrastriola, 50%; and the medial extrastriola, 40%. 3. The utricular nerve penetrates the bony labyrinth anterior to the end organ. Axons reaching the anterior part of the sensory epithelium run directly through the connective tissue stroma. Those supplying more posterior regions first enter a fiber layer located at the bottom of the stroma. Approximately one-third of the axons bifurcate below the epithelium, usually within 5-20 microns of the basement membrane. Bifurcations are more common in fibers destined for the extrastriola than for the striola. 4. Both calyx and bouton endings were labeled. Calyces can be simple or complex. Simple calyces innervate individual hair cells, whereas complex calyces supply 2-4 adjacent hair cells. Complex endings are more heavily concentrated in the striola than in the extrastriola. Simple calyces and boutons are found in all parts of the epithelium. Calyces emerge from the parent axon or one of its thick branches. Boutons, whether en passant or terminal, are located on thin collaterals. 5. Fibers can be classified into calyx, bouton, or dimorphic categories. The first type only has calyx endings; the second, only bouton endings; and the third, both kinds of endings. Calyx units make up 6% of the labeled fibers, bouton units less than 2%, and dimorphic units greater than 92%. The three fiber types differ in the macular zones they supply and in the diameters of their parent axons. Calyx units were restricted to the striola. The few bouton units were found in the extrastriola.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Toward 7nm target on product overlay for C028 FDSOI technology (2013)

The continuous need for lithography overlay performance improvement is a key point for advanced integrated circuit manufacturing. Overlay control is more and more challenging in the 2x nm process nodes regarding functionality margin of the chip and tool capability. Transistor architecture rules which are set, confirm poly to contact space as the most critical one for 28nm technology node. Critical Dimension variability of these layers, even with best in class process stability, in addition to design constraint lead to on product overlay specifications of around 7nm. In order to ensure that the target is met in production environment and to identify potential ways for improvement, identification of the contributors to overlay errors is essential. We have introduced a novel budget breakdown methodology using both bottom-up and top-down overlay data. For the bottom up part, we have performed extensive testing with very high sampling scheme so as to quantify the main effects. In-line overlay metrology data has been used for top down approach to verify the overall performance in production. In this paper we focused on the 28nm contact to gate overlay in a FDSOI process. The initial inconsistency between bottom up and top down results led us to further exploration of the root cause of these inconsistencies. We have been able to highlight key figures to focus on, like reticle heating, wafer table contamination and etch processing effects. Finally, we conclude on 7nm overlay target achievement feasibility in high volume manufacturing environment.
Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Huaiqihuang Granule on nephrin and podocin expressions in renal tissues of rats with adriamycin-induced nephrosis (2011)

The above results indicate that Huaiqihuang Granule can maintain the integrity of the slid diaphragram in podocyte, alleviate the lesion of glomerular filtration membrane, and decrease the proteinuria by up-regulating the expressions of nephrin and podocin. Huaiqihuang Granule plus glucocorticoid maybe has better effects than glucocorticoid alone.
The Effect of Duration of Exposure on Sulfuric Acid-Induced Pulmonary Function Changes in Asthmatic Adolescent Subjects: A Dose-Response Study (1992)

To evaluate the pulmonary effects of varying doses of sulfuric acid, adolescent subjects with asthma were exposed to 35 or 70 micrograms/m3 sulfuric acid for 45 or 90 min. Exposure was carried out during intermittent moderate exercise. The pulmonary functions measured before and after exposure were FEV1, FVC, and total respiratory resistance. The 45 min exposures were associated with larger decreases in FEV1 (-6% or -3%) than the 90 min exposures (-1% or +2%). Analysis of variance of the change in FEV1 among the exposures revealed that the 45 min exposure to 35 micrograms/m3 was significant (p = 0.03). The p value for 45 min exposure to 70 micrograms/m3 was not significant (p = 0.08). Using analysis of variance, neither of the 90 min exposures was associated with a significant decrease in FEV1 compared to air exposure. Also, none of the changes in FVC or RT was significant. When baseline to post-exposure changes were compared for each of the five test atmospheres using paired t tests, both of the 45 min exposures were associated with statistical significance (p < 0.001 for 35 micrograms/m3 and p < 0.005 for 70 micrograms/m3). This baseline to post exposure change was not statistically significant for the 90 min exposures. The reason for the lesser effect on pulmonary function at increased exposure duration is not known; it may be due to changes in either varying deposition patterns or changes in buffering capacity of the cells lining the airways. With respect to individual sensitivities to H2SO4, the data showed a significant consistency across test atmospheres.
Penetration of selected Dead Sea minerals through a healthy rabbit skin, from a sustained‐release transparent varnish, as a prospective treatment for psoriasis (1995)

Abstract Bathing in the Dead Sea is an established treatment for psoriasis. Penetration of Dead Sea minerals into psoriatic skin is an effective factor in this treatment, but applying it clinically requires frequent bathing in the Dead Sea or in its bath‐salt solution. We tested an ethyl‐cellulose‐based transparent varnish with a sustained‐release property, for its penetrability of such minerals. Minerals tested were MgBr 2 , and KBr, known for their relevance in psoriatic proliferation. They were applied for up to three weeks. We could demonstrate that two weekly applications of the salt‐containing varnish on healthy rabbit skin are enough to obtain elevated levels of magnesium and potassium in their plasma. We propose the application of Dead Sea minerals containing varnish as a clinical treatment for psoriasis.
Neighboring group participation in Lewis acid-promoted [3 + 4] and [3 + 5] annulations. The stereocontrolled synthesis of tricyclic ethers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeighboring group participation in Lewis acid-promoted [3 + 4] and [3 + 5] annulations. The stereocontrolled synthesis of tricyclic ethersGary A. Molander and Kimberly O. CameronCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 22, 5931–5943Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00074a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00074a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views831Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Rehabilitation Ecology by Revegetation: Approach and Results from Two Mediterranean Countries (2002)

Human activities greatly affect the environment causing its degradation. Urban development and road networks construction cause main impacts on ecosystems and particularly on vegetation cover: road constructions induce complete degradation of the vegetation cover and often leaves a hare land, sometimes without even a soil cover. Reconstitution of vegetation cover is necessary to limit superficial erosion and land slipping on the road, towards a reintegration of the site in the neighbouring landscape. Many approaches have been studied over the last 30 years aiming at this reconstitution of vegetation cover. At frost, the main purpose of land reclamation was to create a new ecosystem. At this time, the environment created was rather a "garden" with a new soil adapted to the plantation of "decorative" species. Then, in early 90′s many studies on the restoration ecology concept rather focused on adapting the vegetation to the existing conditions on the site, as in a side road embankment for example. Nowadays, we notice a large tendency towards the use of such adapted native species instead of industrially produced seeds. In southern France, our team have led research on the potentials of those local species for their use in revegetation processes with hydro-seeding. We therefore developed an approach combining the use of different types of species: Industrially produced, native and wild cultivated species. This method integrates the benefits of using available low costing seeds that are already used on large scale projects with better adapted species, issued form the cultivation of native species and seed production for their use on smaller scale and more costly but more effective results. The use of wild cultivated species seeds was developed in order to limit the cost and reduce harsh natural seed withdrawal in the natural environment In the case of the use of native species. Besides, the use of such seeds allowed a larger geographical scale of use than with local native seeds. In addition, our team began two years ago a research project in Lebanon aiming at the Introduction and development of the revegetation techniques in Lebanon. In fact, this country bared since 20 years the consequences of urban pressure on its environment especially by the development of quarries and road networks. Therefore, pioneer work is necessary to aim at the adaptation of these techniques to the local environment.
DNS name service based on secure multicast DNS for IP-v6 mobile ad hoc networks (2004)

In this paper, we propose an architecture of secure DNS system which can provide mobile nodes in IPv6 mobile ad hoc network with secure name-to-address resolution and service discovery. Because mobile ad hoc network has dynamic topology, the current DNS is inappropriate for name service in mobile ad hoc network. We suggest the design and implementation of secure DNS system based on multicast which is suitable for mobile ad hoc network.
Testing thousands of nanoparticles in vivo using DNA barcodes (2018)

Nanoparticles improve drug efficacy by delivering drugs to sites of disease. To effectively deliver a drug <i>in vivo,</i> a nanoparticle must overcome physical and physiological hurdles that are not present in cell culture, yet <i>in vitro</i> screens are used to predict nanoparticle delivery <i>in vivo.</i> An ideal nanoparticle discovery pipeline would enable scientists to study thousands of nanoparticles <i>in vivo.</i> Here, we discuss technologies that enable high throughput <i>in vivo</i> screens, focusing on DNA barcoded nanoparticles.
904 km, 1.2 Gbit/s non-regenerative optical fibre transmission experiment using 12 Er-doped fibre amplifiers (1990)

A non-regenerative optical fibre transmission experiment over 904 km is reported. With a total net optical gain of 203 dB obtained from 12 cascaded Er-doped fibre amplifiers, 1.2 Gbit/s directly intensity modulated optical signals were transmitted without any optical bandpass filters and without an error floor.
Component based design of multitolerant systems (1998)

The concept of multitolerance abstracts problems in system dependability and provides a basis for improved design of dependable systems. In the abstraction, each source of undependability in the system is represented as a class of faults, and the corresponding ability of the system to deal with that undependability source is represented as a type of tolerance. Multitolerance thus refers to the ability of the system to tolerate multiple fault classes, each in a possibly different way. We present a component based method for designing multitolerance. Two types of components are employed by the method, namely detectors and correctors. A theory of detectors, correctors, and their interference free composition with intolerant programs is developed, which enables stepwise addition of components to provide tolerance to a new fault class while preserving the tolerances to the previously added fault classes. We illustrate the method by designing a fully distributed multitolerant program for a token ring.
Establishment of Real Time Allele Specific Locked Nucleic Acid Quantitative PCR for Detection of HBV YIDD (ATT) Mutation and Evaluation of Its Application (2014)

A rapid, cost-effective, high sensitive, specific and reliable method of RT-AS-LNA-qPCR with SYBR Green I for early and absolute quantification of HBV YIDD (ATT coding for isoleucine) variants was established, which can provide valuable information for clinical antiretroviral regimens.
Explosive crystallization in zirconium/silicon multilayers (1988)

Explosive crystallization (EC) in multilayer films of zirconium and silicon with periods ranging from 7.4 to 29.4 nm and total film thickness ranging from 0.4 to 10 μm has been studied and found to depend strongly upon both the total film thickness and the multilayer period. The optimum multilayer period for EC in Zr/Si multilayer films, where the ratio of the Zr and Si layer thickness is 0.583 (stoichiometric ZrSi2), is 20 nm. Films sputter deposited with this structure exhibited EC at room temperature with a total film thickness of only 0.45 μm (∼50 times thinner than amorphous Ge). The variation in the propensity of Zr/Si films to undergo EC is found to depend upon the number of interfacial layers per unit volume. A model is developed which accurately describes the observed variation in EC behavior with multilayer period. An 18% increase in film density accompanies the EC transformation in Zr/Si multilayer films. This large density change places the resulting ZrSi2 film in a high tensile stress condition.
SiOCH low-k etching: quantitative prediction of surface reaction (2004)

We propose a mechanism and a prediction model for SiOCH etching. The surface reaction depends on both incident fluxes from plasma and material properties (film composition and density). The sensitivity of etch rate to the change in incident CF/sub x/ fluxes induces a narrow process window for the etching of SiOCH and porous SiOCH materials. Further cooperation between etching and other process engineers needs to be promoted to create a more reliable process module.
A Robust Method for Estimating B0 Inhomogeneity Field in the Liver by Mitigating Fat Signals and Phase-Wrapping (2017)

We developed an optimized and robust method to estimate liver B0 field inhomogeneity for monitoring and correcting susceptibility-induced geometric distortion in magnetic resonance images for precision therapy. A triple-gradient-echo acquisition was optimized for the whole liver B0 field estimation within a single-exhale breath-hold scan on a 3 T scanner. To eliminate chemical-shift artifacts, fat signals were chosen in-phase between 2 echoes with an echo time difference (ΔTE) of 2.3 milliseconds. To avoid phase-wrapping, other 2 echoes provided a large field dynamic range (1/ΔTE) to cover the B0 field inhomogeneity. In addition, using high parallel imaging factor of 4 and a readout-bandwidth of 1955 Hz/pixel, an ~18-second acquisition time for breath-held scans was achieved. A 2-step, 1-dimensional regularized method for the ΔB0 field map estimation was developed, tested and validated in phantom and patient studies. Our method was validated on a water phantom with fat components and air pockets; it yielded ΔB0-field maps that had no chemical-shift and phase-wrapping artifacts, and it had a <0.5 mm of geometric distortion near the air pockets. The ΔB0-field maps of the patients' abdominal regions were also free from phase-wrapping and chemical-shift artifacts. The maximum field inhomogeneity was found near the lung-liver interface, up to ~300 Hz, resulting in ~2 mm of distortions in anatomical images with a readout-bandwidth of 440 Hz/pixel. The field mapping method in the abdominal region is robust; it can be easily integrated in clinical workflow for patient-based quality control of magnetic resonance imaging geometric integrity.
CubeSats set to tackle living systems, effects of deep space radiation (2017)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.