gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A modular multiplication algorithm with triangle additions (2002)

An algorithm for multiple-precision modular multiplication is proposed. In the algorithm, the upper half triangle of the whole partial products is first added up, and then the residue of the sum is calculated. Next, the sum of the lower half triangle of the whole partial products is added to the residue, and then the residue of the total amount is calculated. An efficient procedure for residue calculation that accelerates the algorithm is also proposed. Since it is both fast and uses a small amount of main memory, the algorithm is efficient for implementation on small computers, such as card computers, and is useful for application of a public-key cryptosystem to such computers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Methylation levels of maternal and paternal genomes during preimplantation development (1991)

The methylation status of three highly repeated sequences was studied in sperm, eggs and preimplantation embryos with different combinations of parental chromosomes. High levels of methylation of the IAP and MUP sequence families were found in sperm and in eggs, whereas the L1 repeat was found to be highly methylated in sperm but only about 42% methylated in eggs. To assess how the two parental genomes behaved during preimplantation development, normal, fertilised embryos were compared with parthenogenetic embryos where the chromosomes are exclusively of maternal origin. It was observed that the high levels of methylation at the IAP and MUP sequences were retained through early development, with the first signs of demethylation at the IAP sequences apparent on both parental chromosomes in the blastocyst. Methylation at the sperm-derived L1 sequences dropped to about the same level as that of the egg-derived sequences by the late 2-cell stage, both then remain at this intermediate level until around the time of cavitation when levels fell to about 10% in the blastocyst. High levels of DNA methylase were detected in germinal vesicle and metaphase II oocytes; these high levels were maintained in fertilised and parthenogenetic embryos through into the morula and then declined to be undetectable in the blastocyst. Our comparison of maternal and paternal genomes suggests that methylation levels at repeat sequences are remarkably similar at the time of fertilisation or, as in the case of the L1 sequences, they become so during the first few cell cycles. Hence, there do not appear to be global methylation differences between the genomes that are retained through preimplantation development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Type-based detection for spread spectrum (2002)

The universal classifier using empirically observed statistics, developed by Gutman (1989), is applied to the spread-spectrum communications problem. We call the resulting classifier a type-based detector and show that it has close to optimal performance over a wide range of unknown channel environments, including static and multipath fading channels in additive Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise. In a multiple-access system, the type-based detector is capable of rejecting high levels of multiple-access interference. The type-based detector uses a training sequence to form its knowledge about the bit hypotheses, and in a communications system, the training sequence corresponds to a periodically transmitted preamble or "sync" sequence.
Classification of the dementias (1994)

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cw OPERATION OF HIGH-PRESSURE FLOWING CO2 LASERS (1969)

The performance of N2–CO2–He lasers operating at pressures in the 10–120-Torr range and with nitrogen flow rates of 20–90 standard liters per minute is discussed. A 10-cm-long, 13.5-mm-i.d. discharge tube produced 140-W output power. These lasers operate as in-line mixing lasers, producing about one photon per excited nitrogen molecule. Cooling is provided by rapid removal of hot gas from the discharge region.
A Survey on Multicarrier Communications: Prototype Filters, Lattice Structures, and Implementation Aspects (2012)

Due to their numerous advantages, communications over multicarrier schemes constitute an appealing approach for broadband wireless systems. Especially, the strong penetration of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) into the communications standards has triggered heavy investigation on multicarrier systems, leading to re-consideration of different approaches as an alternative to OFDM. The goal of the present survey is not only to provide a unified review of waveform design options for multicarrier schemes, but also to pave the way for the evolution of the multicarrier schemes from the current state of the art to future technologies. In particular, a generalized framework on multicarrier schemes is presented, based on what to transmit, i.e., symbols, how to transmit, i.e., filters, and where/when to transmit, i.e., lattice. Capitalizing on this framework, different variations of orthogonal, bi-orthogonal, and nonorthogonal multicarrier schemes are discussed. In addition, filter design for various multicarrier systems is reviewed considering four different design perspectives: energy concentration, rapid decay, spectrum nulling, and channel/hardware characteristics. Subsequently, evaluation tools which may be used to compare different filters in multicarrier schemes are studied. Finally, multicarrier schemes are evaluated from the view of the practical implementation issues, such as lattice adaptation, equalization, synchronization, multiple antennas, and hardware impairments.
Pathophysiology of Myocardial Reperfusion (1985)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Can Growth Hormone Prevent Aging? (2003)

Does growth hormone prevent aging? An article by Rudman et al. that appeared in the Journal in 19901 reported the effect on body composition of administering human growth hormone for six months to 12 older men. This article incited a proliferation of “antiaging” clinics and lay publications, such as “Grow Young with HGH,” extolling the benefits of growth hormone in reversing or preventing aging. There are several Web sites that attempt to sell various oral and inhaled formulations of growth hormone; none of these formulations have been shown to be efficacious. In fact, since growth hormone is a peptide subject . . .
Deep Learning-Based Pilot Design for Multi-User Distributed Massive MIMO Systems (2019)

This letter proposes a deep learning-based pilot design scheme to minimize the sum mean square error (MSE) of channel estimation for multi-user distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The pilot signal of each user is expressed as a weighted superposition of orthonormal pilot sequence basis, where the power assigned to each pilot sequence is the corresponding weight. A multi-layer fully connected deep neural network (DNN) is designed to optimize the power allocated to each pilot sequence to minimize the sum MSE, which takes the channel large-scale fading coefficients as input and outputs the pilot power allocation vector. The loss function of the DNN is defined as the sum MSE, and we leverage the unsupervised learning strategy to train the DNN. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves better sum MSE performance than other methods with low complexity.
Roles of Tyrosine 158 and Lysine 165 in the Catalytic Mechanism of InhA, the Enoyl-ACP Reductase from<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1999)

The role of tyrosine 158 (Y158) and lysine 165 (K165) in the catalytic mechanism of InhA, the enoyl-ACP reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has been investigated. These residues have been identified as putative catalytic residues on the basis of structural and sequence homology with the short chain alcohol dehydrogenase family of enzymes. Replacement of Y158 with phenylalanine (Y158F) and with alanine (Y158A) results in 24- and 1500-fold decreases in k(cat), respectively, while leaving K(m) for the substrate, trans-2-dodecenoyl-CoA, unaffected. Remarkably, however, replacement of Y158 with serine (Y158S) results in an enzyme with wild-type activity. Kinetic isotope effect studies indicate that the transfer of a solvent-exchangeable proton is partially rate-limiting for the wild-type and Y158S enzymes, but not for the Y158A enzyme. These data indicate that Y158 does not function formally as a proton donor in the reaction but likely functions as an electrophilic catalyst, stabilizing the transition state for hydride transfer by hydrogen bonding to the substrate carbonyl. A conformational change involving rotation of the Y158 side chain upon binding of the enoyl substrate to the enzyme is proposed as an explanation for the inverse solvent isotope effect observed on V/K(DD-CoA) when either NADH or NADD is used as the reductant. These data are consistent with the recently published structure of a C16 fatty acid substrate bound to InhA that shows Y158 hydrogen bonded to the substrate carbonyl group and rotated from the position it occupies in the InhA-NADH binary complex [Rozwarski, D. A., Vilcheze, C., Sugantino, M., Bittman, R., and Sacchettini, J. C. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 15582-15589]. Finally, the role of K165 has been analyzed using site-directed mutagenesis. Replacement of K165 with glutamine (K165Q) and arginine (K165R) has no effect on the enzyme's catalytic ability or on its ability to bind NADH. However, the K165A and K165M enzymes are unable to bind NADH, indicating that K165 has a primary role in cofactor binding.
Enhancing the Usability of the Commercial Mobile Alert System (2011)

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security initiated the Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) to inform the general public of emergencies. CMAS utilizes the commercial telecommunications infrastructure to broadcast emergency alert text messages to mobile users in an area affected by an emergency. Because CMAS uses cell broadcast service, the smallest area that CMAS can broadcast messages is a cell site, which is usually quite large for local emergencies. This paper proposes an enhancement that uses CMAS as a transport protocol to distribute local emergency alerts to areas smaller than a cell site. The paper also conducts an investigation of the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP), the current emergency protocol standard, and suggests an enhancement to the CAP message structure for CMAS emergency alerts. The viability of the approach is demonstrated using a prototype implementation, which simulates broadcasts of emergency alerts to confined areas such as a city block or an apartment complex.
Resonance Fluorescence in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Re</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>187</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1964)

The excited states of ${\mathrm{Re}}^{187}$, populated in the decay of ${\mathrm{W}}^{187}$, have been investigated by the resonance fluorescence method. Using the centrifuge technique, five resonantly scattered $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ lines of 773-, 686-, 620-, 552-, and 479-keV energy, originating from the excitation of levels at 773, 686, and very probably 618 keV, have been observed. The measured angular distributions of these $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ radiations are in agreement with spin assignments and multipole orders deduced from studies of the radioactive decay of ${\mathrm{W}}^{187}$. Combining relative intensities given by Gallagher et al. with the observed cross sections for resonance scattering, the following mean lifetimes were computed: 773-keV level: $\ensuremath{\tau}=(2.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ sec, 686-keV level: $\ensuremath{\tau}=(8.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ sec, and 618-keV level: $\ensuremath{\tau}=(1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ sec. These results agree with the theoretical interpretation in terms of the Nilsson model. The experiments give a lower limit of $\ensuremath{\tau}>1.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ sec for the lifetime of the 864-keV level, assuming spin $\frac{3}{2}$ or $\frac{5}{2}$.
An “acid” structure for polyriboguanylic acid observed by X‐ray diffraction (1975)

We report here 1 he application to polyrihoguanylic acid (poly rC;) of a techriiyue used to form solids nit h partial inolecular orientat ion by freairig of acidic. soli~tions.~ The freezing casts the pol>-mer inolerides i n t o a hard flak), solid, which can he studied by X-ray diffract ion. The predoiiiiiiairt form of the solid is platelike, with the nwlcrrilar
Wide-Coverage Efficient Statistical Parsing with CCG and Log-Linear Models (2007)

This article describes a number of log-linear parsing models for an automatically extracted lexicalized grammar. The models are “full” parsing models in the sense that probabilities are defined for complete parses, rather than for independent events derived by decomposing the parse tree. Discriminative training is used to estimate the models, which requires incorrect parses for each sentence in the training data as well as the correct parse. The lexicalized grammar formalism used is Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), and the grammar is automatically extracted from CCGbank, a CCG version of the Penn Treebank. The combination of discriminative training and an automatically extracted grammar leads to a significant memory requirement (up to 25 GB), which is satisfied using a parallel implementation of the BFGS optimization algorithm running on a Beowulf cluster. Dynamic programming over a packed chart, in combination with the parallel implementation, allows us to solve one of the largest-scale estimation problems in the statistical parsing literature in under three hours. A key component of the parsing system, for both training and testing, is a Maximum Entropy supertagger which assigns CCG lexical categories to words in a sentence. The supertagger makes the discriminative training feasible, and also leads to a highly efficient parser. Surprisingly, given CCG's “spurious ambiguity,” the parsing speeds are significantly higher than those reported for comparable parsers in the literature. We also extend the existing parsing techniques for CCG by developing a new model and efficient parsing algorithm which exploits all derivations, including CCG's nonstandard derivations. This model and parsing algorithm, when combined with normal-form constraints, give state-of-the-art accuracy for the recovery of predicate-argument dependencies from CCGbank. The parser is also evaluated on DepBank and compared against the RASP parser, outperforming RASP overall and on the majority of relation types. The evaluation on DepBank raises a number of issues regarding parser evaluation. This article provides a comprehensive blueprint for building a wide-coverage CCG parser. We demonstrate that both accurate and highly efficient parsing is possible with CCG.
Programmable blind adaptive spatial filtering (2002)

In wireless communications, including cellular communication systems, spread spectrum overlay systems, and signals intelligence applications, the degradation caused by rapidly time-varying multipath and unknown co-channel interference can be reduced by adaptive spatial filtering using antenna arrays. In this paper we propose a flexible framework for adapting a spatial filter to extract signals of interest (SOIs) while rejecting signals not of interest (SNOIs) without using a training signal, array calibration data, or knowledge of spatial characteristics of the desired or interfering signals. The generic method within this framework exploits user-selected properties of the SOIs and/or SNOIs to transform the received data set into a new set in which the SOIs are more highly correlated between the two sets than are the SNOIs. The framework then applies the method of canonical correlation analysis to the original and transformed data sets to obtain a linear combining weight vector that performs the spatial filtering. Simulation results illustrate the performance of algorithms developed within the new framework.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photochemistry of colloidal cadmium sulfide. 2. Effects of adsorbed methyl viologen and of colloidal platinum (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of colloidal cadmium sulfide. 2. Effects of adsorbed methyl viologen and of colloidal platinumA. HengleinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 13, 2291–2293Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100210a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j100210a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views712Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The APC gene product associates with microtubules in vivo and promotes their assembly in vitro. (1994)

Defects in the APC gene occur frequently in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis coli and are associated with the progression of sporadic tumors of the colon and stomach. We examined the subcellular location of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein resulting from transient expression of full length and partial APC complementary DNAs in epithelial cells. Immunofluorescent detection revealed an association of APC with cytoplasmic microtubules. Expression of partial complementary DNA constructs indicated that the carboxy-terminal region of the APC protein, typically deleted in cancers, is essential for this association. The same APC polypeptides that associated with microtubules in vivo also dramatically promoted their assembly in vitro. These results suggest that wild-type APC protein binds to and affects the assembly of microtubules, whereas the mutants identified in tumors have lost this activity.
Replacement of fishmeal by soy protein concentrate with taurine supplementation in diets for golden pompano (<i>Trachinotus ovatus</i>) (2014)

Two 7-week feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the capacity of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) to use soy protein concentrate (SPC) as a dietary fish meal substitute. In trial I, fish were fed with a control diet (C) containing 400 g kg−1 fish meal and other four diets in which the fish meal in diet C was replaced by SPC at 20 (R20), 40 (R40), 60 (R60) and 80% (R80). In trial II, a 3 × 2 design was used, and 40 and 80% of the fish meal in diet C were replaced by SPC, with or without 5 g kg−1 taurine supplementation (six diets, C + T, R40 + T, R80 + T, C, R40 and R80, were formulated). In trial I, no significant difference was found in the feed intake between feeding treatments. The weight gain and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) decreased, whereas the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and phosphorus retention efficiency (PRE) increased, with decreasing dietary levels of fish meal. No significant differences were found in the weight gain, FCR and NRE between fish fed diets C and R20, whereas fish fed diets C and R20 had higher weight gain than those fed diets R40, R60 and R80. In trial II, no significant differences were found in the feed intake, weight gain, FCR, NRE and PRE between fish fed diets C + T and C. No significant differences were found in the feed intake, weight gain and NRE between fish fed diets R40 and R40 + T or between fish fed diets R80 and R80 + T. At the end of trial II, no significant differences were found in the condition factor, hepatosomatic index and body composition between fish fed diets C and C + T, or between fish diets R40 and R40 + T, or between fish fed diets R80 and R80 + T, except that fish fed diet R40 had lower body protein content than that of fish fed diet R40 + T. The present study reveals that taurine supplementation can elevate fish meal replacement level by SPC in the golden pompano diets. Fish meal can be reduced from 400 to 320 g kg−1, if fish meal is substituted by SPC without taurine supplementation, and can be further reduced to 240 g kg−1, if fish meal is substituted by SPC with 5 g kg−1 taurine supplementation.
Labyrinth: a homogeneous computational medium (2002)

As a RAM-based reconfigurable logic array, Labyrinth provides the flexibility and malleability of software with the performance of a dedicated circuit. With a single bit register and a half adder per cell, the architecture is optimized for register intensive, massively parallel algorithms. The fine-grained, highly-symmetric architecture scales very naturally and facilitates compact circuit layouts. A 64-cell test chip has been successfully built and tested, and a 4096-cell chip is in the final stages of preparation for fabrication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pulse sequence optimization for MR imaging using a paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast agent. (1985)

Paramagnetic agents enhance contrast between tissues in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging by altering tissue relaxation times. The effect of these changes on MR image intensity depends in part on the choice of operator-controlled pulse sequence parameters. With the newly described paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast agent, iron(III) ethylenebis-(2-hydroxyphenylglycine), Fe(EHPG)-, an in vivo experimental analysis of pulse sequence optimization was performed on the rat. We compared the enhancement of the liver divided by background noise, EL/N, of standard inversion-recovery (IR) and spin-echo (SE) T1-weighted pulse sequences and several pulse sequences theoretically predicted to have improved EL/N. Optimization of the echo time (TE = TEmin) gave a substantial (greater than 60%) increase in EL/N over the standard IR and SE pulse sequences. Images obtained with optimized repetition rate and inversion time gave only a slight additional improvement. Within the uncertainties of our relaxation measurements, the measured changes in EL/N with pulse sequence optimization corresponded well with theoretical predictions. With the experimental and theoretical data, the importance of using a short echo time to obtain maximal T1 contrast in contrast-enhanced MR imaging and the relative merits of optimized SE versus IR pulse sequences for contrast-enhanced MR imaging are discussed.