gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable‐light‐emitting <i>Escherichia coli</i> as a biosensor (1989)

We have studied possibilities for constructing Escherichia coli strains capable of producing stable light. Light production in E. coli is achieved by cloning the genes encoding bacterial luciferase from Vibrio harveyi. To gain the advantage of sensitive detection of light we transferred the genes under the control of a strong, regulatable promoter system. Stabilization of light produced by E. coli clones was accomplished by finding the optimal plasmid construction and growth conditions as well as suitable measuring buffers. The adjustment of the luciferase synthesis for bioluminescence measurements to a high but not harmful level gives healthy cells and stable luciferase. Cultivation at 30 degrees C in an uninduced state was found to be the most important factor in getting stable-light production. The overall cell metabolism being unstressed gives us the possibility of monitoring cell physiology and factors affecting it via bioluminescence reactions in vivo. To make the results easy to interpret the light emission has to be stable during a measurement period of one to several hours. In the case of the original light-producing bacteria, Vibrio and Photobacterium strains it has not thus far been possible to find conditions where light emission would be stable for several hours. Based on our findings an automated biosensor system can be developed to monitor the effects of biologically active compounds against stable-light-producing bacteria.
Brachial plexus injury after median sternotomy. (1981)

Five patients are described with brachial plexus injuries complicating median sternotomy for cardiac surgery. The lower roots (medial cord) of the plexus were most affected and in some cases the lesions were bilateral. Pain was a prominent feature and although motor and sensory symptoms both occurred, motor signs were more prominent than objective sensory loss. Recovery was protracted and sometimes incomplete. Traction or compression of the plexus (or both) are the major possible mechanisms of injury; our experience and that of others suggests that traction is the more probable mechanism.
Clinical evaluation of a herbal antidiabetic product. (1994)

Sixty-seven diabetic patients and 12 normal subjects were selected for a clinical study with an indigenous herbal product. The study consisted of 2 phases. In phase 1 study out of 25 diabetics (both insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent) only those in the age group of 41-50 years ie, 11 cases showed lowering of mean high blood sugar level in all samples from 1/2 an-hour to 2 hours with the test drug containing guar gum, methi, tundika and mesha shringi. But in phase 2 study there was lowering of blood sugar level with the test drug and with 2 of its constituents ie, guar gum and methi when used separately in 42 non-insulin dependent diabetics. While there was some blood sugar level lowering effect with guar gum and methi when used separately in 12 normal subjects in phase 2 study, but that was not the same observed with the test drug. The results of this study indicate the efficacy of the product as an adjuvant.
A Novel Broadband High-Power Combiner (2006)

A novel high-power combiner/divider with compensation circuit is presented in this paper. The isolating resistor between two dividing ports in conventional Wilkinson power divider is replaced by a structure of coax balun transformer. With this coaxial structure, the bandwidth of this novel combiner is three times wider than a conventional one. It can be used in broadband and high-power combination. Simulation results of the conventional Wilkinson combiner, a bisection combiner and the novel combiner are given and compared in this paper.
Perfect failure detection in timed asynchronous systems (2003)

Perfect failure detectors can correctly decide whether a computer is crashed. However, it is impossible to implement a perfect failure detector in purely asynchronous systems. We show how to enforce perfect failure detection in timed asynchronous systems with hardware watchdogs. The two main system model assumptions are: 1) each computer can measure time intervals with a known maximum error and 2) each computer has a watchdog that crashes the computer unless the watchdog is periodically updated. We have implemented a system that satisfies both assumptions using a combination of off-the-shelf software and hardware. To implement a perfect failure detector for process crash failures, we show that, in some systems, a hardware watchdog is actually not necessary.
Anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies prevent spontaneous and adoptive transfer of diabetes in the BB/Wor rat. (1992)

We studied the effects of anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) on spontaneous and induced autoimmune diabetes mellitus in diabetes-prone (DP) and diabetes-resistant (DR) BB/Wor rats. In DP rats, all anti-CD2 MAb prevented spontaneous diabetes and the adoptive transfer of diabetes with Con-A--stimulated acute diabetic spleen cells; OX34 prevented Poly I:C induced accelerated onset of diabetes and the adoptive transfer of diabetes with Con-A--stimulated RT6.1+ T cell depleted DR splenocytes. In DP rats, all anti-CD2 MAb except OX53 depleted CD4+ T cells, without depleting natural killer cells or CD8+ T cells. OX34 injected DR rats were profoundly depleted of CD4+ T cells without evidence of decreased CD8+ T cells, but were not protected against the induction of diabetes by RT6.1+ T-cell depletion and Poly I:C injections. We conclude that anti-CD2 MAbs protect against BB/Wor autoimmune diabetes by depleting CD4+ T cells, preventing the activation of effector cells, or by blocking CD2/ligand interaction between effector and target cells.
Organizing for Prevailing Wage In Florida (1988)

[Excerpt] The Broward AFL-CIO had spent a great deal of its time and member unions' money helping to elect several county commissioners. Now it posed the prevailing wage ordinance as a litmus test: Would county commissioners who had benefited from labor backing and had pledged their support to labor at election time, support it? Or would they side with the Board of Realtors, the Associated Builders and Contractors and other anti-union forces?
An assessment of risk and return in the Singapore stock market (1991)

This paper presents the results of empirical tests on the relationship between stock returns and the various measures of risk in the Singapore stock market over the period 1980-85. The findings show that the application of the Capital Asset Pricing Model in Singapore appears weak when weekly data are used. Moreover, there is also no significant relationship between total risk and stock returns or between unsystematic risk and stock returns.
Exploratory Study to Identify Radiomics Classifiers for Lung Cancer Histology (2016)

Histological subtypes can influence the choice of a treatment/therapy for lung cancer patients. We observed that radiomic features show significant association with the lung tumor histology. Moreover, radiomics-based multivariate classifiers were independently validated for the prediction of histological subtypes. Despite achieving lower than optimal prediction accuracy (AUC 0.72), our analysis highlights the impressive potential of non-invasive and cost-effective radiomics for precision medicine. Further research in this direction could lead us to optimal performance and therefore to clinical applicability, which could enhance the efficiency and efficacy of cancer care.
Neuropilin-1 is a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, a coronavirus disease that has infected more than 6.6 million people and caused over 390,000 deaths worldwide 1,2 . The Spike (S) protein of the virus forms projections on the virion surface responsible for host cell attachment and penetration. This viral glycoprotein is synthesized as a precursor in infected cells and, to be active, must be cleaved to two associated polypeptides: S1 and S2 (3,4) . For SARS-CoV-2 the cleavage is catalysed by furin, a host cell protease, which cleaves the S protein precursor at a specific sequence motif that generates a polybasic Arg-Arg-Ala-Arg (RRAR) C-terminal sequence on S1. This sequence motif conforms to the C-end rule (CendR), which means that the C-terminal sequence may allow the protein to associate with cell surface neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and neuropilin-2 (NRP2) receptors 5 . Here we demonstrate using immunoprecipitation, site-specific mutagenesis, structural modelling, and antibody blockade that, in addition to engaging the known receptor ACE2, S1 can bind to NRP1 through the canonical CendR mechanism. This interaction enhances infection by SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture. NRP1 thus serves as a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and provides a therapeutic target for COVID-19.
Extending static analysis by mining project-specific rules (2012)

Commercial static program analysis tools can be used to detect many defects that are common across applications. However, such tools currently have limited ability to reveal defects that are specific to individual projects, unless specialized checkers are devised and implemented by tool users. Developers do not typically exploit this capability. By contrast, defect mining tools developed by researchers can discover project-specific defects, but they require specialized expertise to employ and they may not be robust enough for general use. We present a hybrid approach in which a sophisticated dependence-based rule mining tool is used to discover project-specific programming rules, which are then transformed automatically into checkers that a commercial static analysis tool can run against a code base to reveal defects. We also present the results of an empirical study in which this approach was applied successfully to two large industrial code bases. Finally, we analyze the potential implications of this approach for software development practice.
Phase-noise compensated carriers from an optical frequency comb allowing terabit transmission (2015)

By comparison to a stable reference laser, the phase noise of a frequency comb from a quantum-dash mode-locked laser can be compensated. The quality of the resulting carriers allows the transmission of data at a rate of 1 Tbit/s in a single polarization over a distance of 75 km using a standard forward error correction.
Long‐term lime pretreatment of poplar wood (2010)

Abstract Long‐term lime pretreatment has proven to increase digestibility of many herbaceous lignocellulose sources; but until this work, its effects had not been evaluated on wood, whose lignin content is higher, and therefore, more recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, the mild conditions of long‐term lime pretreatment (1‐atm pressure, temperatures ranging from 25 to 75°C, and reaction times between 1 and 12 weeks, with and without air) were systematically applied to poplar wood available in two batches with different lignin contents. These batches were designated as low‐lignin biomass (LLB) with lignin content of 21.4% and high‐lignin biomass (HLB) with lignin content of 29.1%. Full factorial designs resulted in 79 samples of pretreated poplar that were analyzed for lignin and carbohydrates pretreatment yields, and enzymatic digestibility (15 FPU/g glucan in raw biomass cellulose loading). After aerated lime pretreatment at 65°C for 4 weeks, and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, an overall yield of 0.76 g glucan + xylan recovered per gram glucan + xylan in raw biomass was obtained. This is equivalent to an increased poplar wood digestibility of 7.5‐fold compared with untreated biomass. Different batches of the feedstock resulted in different lignin and carbohydrates pretreatment yields; however, overall yields of carbohydrates (combining pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis) were similar. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Computer simulation of controlled impedance robot hand (2005)

Robot grippers have previously been designed primarily without consideration of the dynamic responses that are sometimes required for delicate operations. In particular, the manipulation of fragile objects such as eggs or lightbulbs requires the gripper to be able to close on the object with minimal impact forces and yet maintain a static grip force sufficient to firmly handle the object. This paper describes a computer simulation of a two-fingered mechanical gripper with electronically controlled impedance. The analog control system allows independent control of the effective mechanical mass and damping of each finger as well as additional control of common-mode vs. differential mode response. The computer simulation models the gripper as set of nonlinear differential equations with time varying feedback parameters. The final form of the model has 10 degrees of mechanical freedom and 8 electrical poles, i.e., an 18th order nonlinear differential equation must be solved. This paper will describe the dynamic equations in detail and discuss results of the analysis. An appendix details the state equations used to solve the nonlinear differential equations. This analysis has resulted in the design of a gripper control system capable of providing controlled compliance and reduced finger impact forces while maintaining a quick response and firm grasp.
Single‐dose pharmacokinetic studies of abiraterone acetate in men with hepatic or renal impairment (2013)

Abstract Three open‐label, single‐dose studies investigated the impact of hepatic or renal impairment on abiraterone acetate pharmacokinetics and safety/tolerability in non‐cancer patients. Patients (n = 8 each group) with mild/moderate hepatic impairment or end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), and age‐, BMI‐matched healthy controls received a single oral 1,000 mg abiraterone acetate (tablet dose); while patients (n = 8 each) with severe hepatic impairment and matched healthy controls received 125‐ and 2,000‐mg abiraterone acetate (suspension doses), respectively (systemic exposure of abiraterone acetate suspension is approximately half to that of tablet formulation). Blood was sampled at specified timepoints up to 72 or 96 hours postdose to measure plasma abiraterone concentrations. Abiraterone exposure was comparable between healthy controls and patients with mild hepatic impairment or ESRD, but increased by 4‐fold in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. Despite a 16‐fold reduction in dose, abiraterone exposure in patients with severe hepatic impairment was about 22% and 44% of the C max and AUC ∞ of healthy controls, respectively. These results suggest that abiraterone pharmacokinetics were not changed markedly in patients with ESRD or mild hepatic impairment. However, the capacity to eliminate abiraterone was substantially compromised in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment. A single‐dose administration of abiraterone acetate was well‐tolerated.
Complement breakdown products in plasma from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and patients with membranoproliferative or other glomerulonephritis. (1975)

A dynamic estimation of the involvement of the complement system in various diseases was obtained by the direct quantitation of breakdown products of C3 and of properdin factor B. The methods used were based, first on the separation of native and fragmented molecules according to their molecular size through a precipitation with polyethylene glycol and, secondly, on an immunochemical quantitation, using specific antisera for the major antigens of C3 and factor B. The sensitivity and the specificity of these methods were demonstrated by activation of complement in vitro with generation of C3 and factor B fragments. A clinical investigation was carried out in 41 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 31 with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), 26 with other types of glomerulonephritis, and 6 with severe alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. The following observations were made: (a) an elevated plasma level of C3d fragment of C3 was found in 68% of SLE patients, in 87% of MPGN patients, in 62% of patients with other hypocomplementemic nephritis, and in 15% of those with normocomplementemic nephritis, but in only 33% of patients with liver cirrhosis and very low levels of C3; (b) a significant difference was observed between the levels of C3 obtained with either anti-"native" C3 or anti-C3c sera for immunochemical quantitation, in patients with SLE or MPGN, indicating the presence of "altered" or fragmented C3 in plasma; (c) an elevated plasma level of Ba fragment of properdin factor B was found in 46% of SLE patients, in 67% of MPGN patients, in 50% of patients with other hypocomplementemic nephritis, and in 9% of patients with normocomplementemic nephritis, while the level of properdin factor B was only slightly decreased in these diseases; (d) in SLE and MPGN there was an inverse correlation between the levels of C3d and Ba and the level of C3 in plasma. The level of these fragments was directly correlated with the clinical manifestations of SLE; (e) some patients with a normal C3 level exhibited an elevated plasma concentration of C3 and factor B fragments, suggesting the coexistence of an increased synthesis with a hypercatabolism of complement components. Therefore, the quantitation of complement breakdown products by simple immunochemical methods provides additional information concerning the involvement of complement in disease and new features for the evaluation of the intensity of immune reactions during immune complex diseases.
유리 횡복직근피판술을 이용한 지연 유방재건술 ; 즉시 유방재건술과의 비교 (2001)

The numbers of breast cancer are increasing in Korea and the needs for breast reconstruction are also parallel with cancer frequency. The purpose of the study is to define the different state and condition between the delayed reconstruction and the immediate reconstruction of breasts and to suggest how to get more satisfactory outcome. The study included 22 patients who underwent delayed breast reconstruction using transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous(TRAM) free flap from December, 1990 to January, 2001. Their ages ranged from 28 years to 58 years. We have used internal mammary artery and vein as a recipient vessel in 13 patients because of fibrosis and severe scarring in the axillary region and thoracodorsal artery and vein in 9 patients. When we used internal mammary artery with recipient vessel, we would use contralateral deep inferior epigastric artery with donor vessel. We obtained satisfactory result without any flap loss, and most patients satisfied with shape and volume of reconstructed breast. We found that delayed breast reconstruction have some differences compared with immediate breast reconstruction. First, we remove fibrotic and scar tissue as much as possible to achieve satisfactory shape of breast. Second, we plan preoperative design in standing position to obtain symmetrical recreation of inframammary fold. Third, we use internal mammary vessel in many cases with recipient vessel for microvascular anastomosis. Fourth, patients with delayed breast reconstruction feel more satisfaction than patients with immediate breast reconstruction do. Finally, economic burden is much higher in the delayed case than in the immediate case because of no coverage with insurance.
The yeast lipin orthologue Pah1p is important for biogenesis of lipid droplets (2011)

Lipins are phosphatidate phosphatases that generate diacylglycerol (DAG). In this study, we report that yeast lipin, Pah1p, controls the formation of cytosolic lipid droplets. Disruption of PAH1 resulted in a 63% decrease in droplet number, although total neutral lipid levels did not change. This was accompanied by an accumulation of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The droplet biogenesis defect was not a result of alterations in neutral lipid ratios. No droplets were visible in the absence of both PAH1 and steryl acyltransferases when grown in glucose medium, even though the strain produces as much triacylglycerol as wild type. The requirement of PAH1 for normal droplet formation can be bypassed by a knockout of DGK1. Nem1p, the activator of Pah1p, localizes to a single punctum per cell on the ER that is usually next to a droplet, suggesting that it is a site of droplet assembly. Overall, this study provides strong evidence that DAG generated by Pah1p is important for droplet biogenesis.
Spectral Decomposition of Aberrated Wavefronts from Actuated Micromirrors (2018)

Aberrated optics degrade the cavity finesse and point spread function of any optical system. It is frequently overlooked that the phase errors of these aberrations cause characteristic spectral features that can be observed and measured by an optical cavity. A general theory of the spectral decomposition of aberrations is developed and applied to an electrically deformable membrane feeding a high-finesse resonator. The micromirror, which consists of a 1 cm metallized SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> electrostatically-actuated membrane with phase offsets of about 1.5μm, leads to optical power being distributed to over twenty higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian cavity modes.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β is required for the induction of skeletal muscle atrophy (2011)

Skeletal muscle atrophy commonly occurs in acute and chronic disease. The expression of the muscle-specific E3 ligases atrogin-1 (MAFbx) and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) is induced by atrophy stimuli such as glucocorticoids or absence of IGF-I/insulin and subsequent Akt signaling. We investigated whether glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a downstream molecule in IGF-I/Akt signaling, is required for basal and atrophy stimulus-induced expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1, and myofibrillar protein loss in C(2)C(12) skeletal myotubes. Abrogation of basal IGF-I signaling, using LY294002, resulted in a prominent induction of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA and was accompanied by a loss of myosin heavy chain fast (MyHC-f) and myosin light chains 1 (MyLC-1) and -3 (MyLC-3). The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) also induced the expression of both atrogenes and likewise resulted in the loss of myosin protein abundance. Genetic ablation of GSK-3β using small interfering RNA resulted in specific sparing of MyHC-f, MyLC-1, and MyLC-3 protein levels after Dex treatment or impaired IGF-I/Akt signaling. Interestingly, loss of endogenous GSK-3β suppressed both basal and atrophy stimulus-induced atrogin-1 and MuRF1 expression, whereas pharmacological GSK-3β inhibition, using CHIR99021 or LiCl, only reduced atrogin-1 mRNA levels in response to LY294002 or Dex. In conclusion, our data reveal that myotube atrophy and myofibrillar protein loss are GSK-3β dependent, and demonstrate for the first time that basal and atrophy stimulus-induced atrogin-1 mRNA expression requires GSK-3β enzymatic activity, whereas MuRF1 expression depends solely on the physical presence of GSK-3β.