gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The charge state of electrostatically transported dust on regolith surfaces (2017)

Abstract The charge state of dust particles on regolith surfaces exposed to ultraviolet radiation or plasma is investigated for understanding the role of electrostatic dust transport in the surface evolution of airless planetary bodies. Our charge measurement shows that the regolith dust that can be electrostatically transported or lofted carries large negative charges. This result is consistent with our “patched charge model,” which predicts that dust particles forming microcavities in the regolith surfaces can attain large negative charges by collecting photoelectrons and/or secondary electrons emitted from neighboring particles and the resulting repulsive forces between these negatively charged particles lead to their mobilization. The observed negative charge polarity is contrary to the generally expected positive charges on the regolith dust emitting photoelectrons. The measured negative charges are orders of magnitude larger than the prediction by classical charging models. Our laboratory measurements provide critical initial charging conditions for regolith dust dynamics studies.
Effect of electropulsing treatment on microstructure and machinability in ultra-precision machining of Mg-9Al-1Zn alloy (2011)

Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that exhibits phototoxic side effects in humans, but its mechanism of phototoxicity is ambiguous. To uncover photophysical and photochemical reaction processes of naproxen, femtosecond to nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies were employed to directly detect excited and transient states of naproxen upon UV irradiation in pure acetonitrile, acetonitrile:water 1:1, and acetonitrile:PBS 1:1 solutions. The transient absorption data together with time-dependent density functional theory analysis-predicted absorption spectra of selected intermediates were integrated to elucidate photochemical mechanisms for reactions of naproxen in different solutions. Femtosecond transient absorption results demonstrated that naproxen has two different photochemical pathways at the early delay time before the formation of final products in various solutions. In a pure acetonitrile solvent, naproxen undergoes charge transfer to solvent to generate a radical cation intermediate, which decarboxylates to generate a radical <sup>2</sup>B intermediate. While in an acetonitrile:PBS 1:1 solution, naproxen predominantly deprotonates first and is promoted to the singlet exited state (<sup>1</sup>NPX<sup>-</sup>), which undergoes intersystem crossing to give rise to the lowest-lying triplet states (T<sub>1</sub>). T<sub>1</sub> then undergoes decarboxylation reaction and produces a radical <sup>2</sup>B species. Kinetic characterization of these processes reveals that the decarboxylation reaction in an acetonitrile:PBS 1:1 solution is faster than that in a pure acetonitrile solvent. Deep studies on photophysical and photochemical processes of NPX will aid us to better understand the toxicology mechanisms associated with NPX in different conditions.
Development of a TaqMan Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamase Genes (2012)

A multiplex, real-time TaqMan assay was designed to identify clinical isolates carrying plasmid-mediated ampC genes. The specificity and sensitivity of this assay were 100% when testing characterized AmpC/non-AmpC-producing isolates and randomly selected clinical isolates. This is a rapid assay that can be performed in a clinical microbiology laboratory.
Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchange inhibitors reverse lactate‐induced depression in postischaemic ventricular recovery (1993)

1. By use of pharmacological approaches, the present study examined the hypothesis that the deleterious effect of lactate on postischaemic ventricular recovery may be mediated, at least in part, by enhanced activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger at the time of reperfusion. 2. Spontaneously beating isolated hearts of the rat were subjected to 15 min zero-flow global ischaemia followed by 30 min reperfusion. The effects of lactate (10, 20 or 40 mM) were studied by adding it 20 min before ischaemia whereas reperfusion was carried out with lactate-free buffer. 3. Pretreatment with 20 or 40 mM lactate significantly reduced postischaemic recovery of developed force to 17 +/- 3% and 16 +/- 4% of preischaemic values (P < 0.05) compared to a 78 +/- 4% recovery in control hearts. Similarly, recovery in ventricular rate was significantly reduced to 34 +/- 7.6% and 38 +/- 12% with 20 and 40 mM lactate, respectively compared to 97.5 +/- 6.4% recovery in control hearts. At a concentration of 10 mM, lactate was without effect on either force or ventricular rate recovery. 4. Coadministration of either of two Na+/H+ exchange inhibitors, amiloride (174 microM) or 5-N,N-hexamethylene amiloride (HMA, 1 microM) with lactate and inclusion of the two drugs during the first 5 min of reperfusion resulted in reversal of lactate-induced inhibition of force recovery with observed recoveries of 69 +/- 6.7% and 64 +/- 5% with amiloride and HMA, respectively. Similarly, recovery in ventricular rate was significantly enhanced to 92 +/- 10% and 89 +/- 6% with amiloride and HMA, respectively compared to 38 +/- 12% recovery in control hearts. In the presence of amiloride or HMA, force recovery in lactate-treated hearts was significantly increased to 68 +/- 16% and 72 +/- 4.7% of preischaemic values, respectively.6. In spontaneously beating hearts, resting tension changes during both ischaemia and reperfusion were not statistically different between treatment groups. However, in paced hearts pretreated with 40 mM lactate the elevation in resting tension during the first 5 min of reperfusion, was significantly reduced by both amiloride and HMA.7. Changes in functional recoveries produced by either lactate or Na+/H+ exchange inhibitors were unrelated to alterations in high energy phosphate depletion during ischaemia or to repletion of these compounds after 30 min reperfusion either in spontaneously beating or electrically paced hearts.8. The results suggest that stimulated Na'/H+ exchange activation at reflow contributes, at leastpartially, to lactate-induced depression of postischaemic recovery.
Cholesterol-reducing bacterium from human feces (1977)

An anaerobic, gram-positive diplobacillus that reduces cholesterol to coprostanol was isolated from human feces and rat cecal contents. The isolates closely resemble a cholesterol-reducing organism isolated by Eyssen et al. (H. Eyssen et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 36:412-421, 1973) from a rat's cecum. These organisms would not form colonies and were isolated and cultivated in an anaerobic medium containing homogenized pork brains (naturally high in cholesterol). These organisms require free or esterified cholesterol for growth. They were isolated by serially diluting feces or cecal contents and inoculating brain medium. Colony-forming organisms, which did not reduce cholesterol, were eliminated by addition of inhibitory agents to the brain medium cultures. This serial dilution procedure was performed until a pure culture of a cholesterol-reducing organism was obtained.
Modelling of coupled interconnect lines for integrated circuits (1991)

A coupled interconnect model is developed using even mode and odd mode capacitance analysis. Signal coupling is presented in terms of interconnect width, substrate thickness, interconnect line spacing, and frequency. Picosecond photoconductor based measurements of coupled transmission lines on the integrated circuit support the even and odd mode signal transmission simulation results. SPICE circuit simulation is used to demonstrate the model utility and explore the sensitivity of the self- and mutual capacitances and inductances in signal crosstalk.
Cash flow models for pricing mortgages (2001)

Journal Article Cash flow models for pricing mortgages Get access Philip Booth, Philip Booth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Duncan Walsh Duncan Walsh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar IMA Journal of Management Mathematics, Volume 12, Issue 2, 1 October 2001, Pages 157–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/imaman/12.2.157 Published: 01 October 2001
Computer-Controlled Laser Beams In Object Dimension Measurements (1979)

This paper describes some general features of a computer-controlled laser system for noncontact measurements of dimensions of objects. The laser beams are scanned over the object and a system of detectors mounted behind the object detects whether the beams are shadowed by the object or not. The detector signals are converted to digital values and transferred to a minicomputer, where they are processed. This may require special software to allow the dimensional data to be presented in real time. An ex-perimental system with a HeNe laser and controlled by an HP 21MX minicomputer has been built and tested. At a rate of 100 measurements per second the systematic error is in the order of 1 mm for absolute measurements and 0.1 mm for relative measurements. The imprecision is about 0.1 mm for both cases.
Microphysical and optical properties of Arctic mixed-phase clouds. The 9 April 2007 case study. (2009)

Abstract. Airborne measurements in Arctic boundary-layer stratocumulus were carried out near Spitsbergen on 9 April 2007 during the Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation (ASTAR) campaign. A unique set of co-located observations is used to describe the cloud properties, including detailed in situ cloud microphysical and radiation measurements along with airborne and co-located spaceborne remote sensing data (CALIPSO lidar and CloudSat radar). CALIPSO profiles indicate cloud top levels at temperature between −24°C and −21°C. In situ measurements confirm that the cloud-top lidar attenuated backscatter signal along the aircraft trajectory is linked with the presence of liquid water, a common feature observed in Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus clouds. A low concentration of large ice crystals is also observed up to the cloud top resulting in significant CloudSat radar echoes. Since the ratio of the extinction of liquid water droplets to ice crystals is high, broadband radiative effects near the cloud top are mostly dominated by water droplets. CloudSat observations and in situ measurements reveal high reflectivity factors (up to 15 dBZ) and precipitation rates (1 mm h−1). This feature results from efficient ice growth processes. About 25% of the theoretically available liquid water is converted into ice water with large precipitating ice crystals. Using an estimate of mean cloud cover, a considerable value of 106 m3 h−1 of fresh water could be settled over the Greenland sea pool. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) operational analyses reproduces the boundary layer height variation along the flight track. However, small-scale features in the observed cloud field cannot be resolved by ECMWF analysis. Furthermore, ECMWF's diagnostic partitioning of the condensed water into ice and liquid reveals serious shortcomings for Arctic mixed-phased clouds. Too much ice is modelled.
Abstract B93: Sensitivity to the MEK inhibitor, E6201, is associated with mutant BRAF status and is inversely correlated with pAKT expression levels in melanoma cell lines (2009)

Abstract Inhibition of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for melanoma given the high frequency of BRAF and NRAS mutations in this tumor type. Sensitivity to E6201, an inhibitor of MEK1 and other cancer relevant kinases, was assessed in a panel of 32 cell lines for which the mutation status of common melanoma genes was known. The majority (24/32) of the melanoma cell lines were sensitive to E6201, resulting in G1-cell cycle arrest and cell death in 11 sensitive cell lines and cell cycle arrest but not cell death in two sensitive lines. Xenograft studies revealed that E6201 exhibited a cytotoxic effect in vivo, even in cell lines where only a cytostatic effect was observed in vitro. Among cell lines carrying mutations in BRAF, or NRAS, sensitivity to E6201 was associated with wildtype PTEN status (p&lt;0.03). When the cell lines were classified based on basal pERK levels rather than BRAF mutation status, high levels of pAKT correlated with insensitivity to E6201 (p&lt;0.04). Indeed, high levels of pAKT correlated with E6201 insensitivity independent of BRAF or PTEN mutation status (p&lt;0.03). Together these data demonstrate the cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of E6201 in BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo and, furthermore, indicate that quantification of pAKT levels may have clinical utility as a biomarker of E6201 resistance. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B93.
The Discovery of the Elements (Weeks, Mary Elvira) (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTThe Discovery of the Elements (Weeks, Mary Elvira)Tenney L. Davis Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1933, 10, 11, 710Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1933Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1933Published inissue 1 November 1933https://doi.org/10.1021/ed010p710.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views600Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (872 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Phase 1/2 study of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitor palbociclib (PD-0332991) with bortezomib and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (2015)

This phase 1/2 study was the first to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6-specific inhibitor palbociclib (PD-0332991) in sequential combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. The recommended phase 2 dose was palbociclib 100 mg orally once daily on days 1-12 of a 21-day cycle with bortezomib 1.0 mg/m2 (intravenous) and dexamethasone 20 mg (orally 30 min pre-bortezomib dosing) on days 8 and 11 (early G1 arrest) and days 15 and 18 (cell cycle resumed). Dose-limiting toxicities were primarily cytopenias; most other treatment-related adverse events were grade≤3. At a bortezomib dose lower than that in other combination therapy studies, antitumor activity was observed (phase 1). In phase 2, objective responses were achieved in 5 (20%) patients; 11 (44%) achieved stable disease. Biomarker and pharmacodynamic assessments demonstrated that palbociclib inhibited CDK4/6 and the cell cycle initially in most patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Natural Products from Plants for Treatment of Liver Diseases (2013)

Abstract Review: 91 refs.
Vertical phase separation in bulk heterojunction solar cells formed by in situ polymerization of fulleride (2014)

Vertical phase separation of the donor and the acceptor in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells is crucial to improve the exciton dissociation and charge transport efficiencies. This is because whilst the exciton diffusion length is limited, the organic film must be thick enough to absorb sufficient light. However, it is still a challenge to control the phase separation of a binary blend in a bulk heterojunction device architecture. Here we report the realization of vertical phase separation induced by in situ photo-polymerization of the acrylate-based fulleride. The power conversion efficiency of the devices with vertical phase separation increased by 20%. By optimising the device architecture, the power conversion efficiency of the single junction device reached 8.47%. We believe that in situ photo-polymerization of acrylate-based fulleride is a universal and controllable way to realise vertical phase separation in organic blends.
Combining Spectral and Spatial Features for Deep Learning Based Blind Speaker Separation (2018)

This study tightly integrates complementary spectral and spatial features for deep learning based multi-channel speaker separation in reverberant environments. The key idea is to localize individual speakers so that an enhancement network can be trained on spatial as well as spectral features to extract the speaker from an estimated direction and with specific spectral structures. The spatial and spectral features are designed in a way such that the trained models are blind to the number of microphones and microphone geometry. To determine the direction of the speaker of interest, we identify time-frequency (T-F) units dominated by that speaker and only use them for direction estimation. The T-F unit level speaker dominance is determined by a two-channel chimera++ network, which combines deep clustering and permutation invariant training at the objective function level, and integrates spectral and interchannel phase patterns at the input feature level. In addition, T-F masking based beamforming is tightly integrated in the system by leveraging the magnitudes and phases produced by beamforming. Strong separation performance has been observed on reverberant talker-independent speaker separation, which separates reverberant speaker mixtures based on a random number of microphones arranged in arbitrary linear-array geometry.
Simplified algebraic characterization of optimal singular control for autonomous linear plants (1967)

In an earlier publication[1] the authors extended the results of Wonham and Johnson[2] by characterizing the nature of the (stable) singular strip for a given performance index without recourse to a special transformation to phase coordinates. The solution presented there[1] required solving a (quadratic) matrix Riccati equation; whereas here the singular strip and the corresponding stable optimal feedback control law are found by factoring a polynomial which is computationally much easier to accomplish. The final result is illustrated by a numerical example.
The Second Cyclopropannulene:  Cycloprop-[8]annulene (2005)

Reacting (at 0 degrees C) a mixture of CH2Cl2 and monobromo[8]annulene (C8H7Br) with potassium tert-butoxide in hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) and following with exposure to potassium metal led to the formation of the anion radical of an HMPA-[6.1.0]bicyclononatetraene condensation product, in which two HMPA fragments are geminal and attached to the number 9 carbon. When the reaction sequence is carried out in THF, the dianion of cycloprop[8]annulene is predominantly formed. Neutral cycloprop[8]annulene can be isolated via the I2 oxidation of the THF solution. The NMR analysis reveals that the eight-membered ring is nearly planar, and the three-membered ring is more like a dimethylenecyclopropane than it is like a cyclopropene. Further, the chemical shifts due to the protons on the eight-membered ring are nearly 2 ppm further upfield than are those for [8]annulene itself, suggesting a paratropic ring current.
Nitriles. II. Synthesis of .beta.,.beta.-dichloroacrylonitrile and its reactions with some nucleophilic reagents (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitriles. II. Synthesis of .beta.,.beta.-dichloroacrylonitrile and its reactions with some nucleophilic reagentsNaoto Hashimoto, Yasuhiko Kawano, and Katsura MoritaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 3, 828–831Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00828a068https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00828a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The oxazoline-benzyne route to 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzenes. Tandem addition of organolithiums, organocuprates, and .alpha.-lithionitriles to benzynes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe oxazoline-benzyne route to 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzenes. Tandem addition of organolithiums, organocuprates, and .alpha.-lithionitriles to benzynesPaul D. Pansegrau, William F. Rieker, and A. I. MeyersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 21, 7178–7184Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00229a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00229a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1550Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
TRANSISTORIZED BATTERY CHARGERS (1978)

A range of battery chargers for railway coaches which are based on choppers with high clock frequencies has been developed. As a result, axle-driven battery chargers can be replaced by static equipment on rolling stock used for international traffic.