gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exceptional CO<sub>2</sub> working capacity in a heterodiamine-grafted metal–organic framework (2015)

An amine-functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF), dmen-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) (dmen = <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylethylenediamine), which contains a heterodiamine with both primary and tertiary amines, was prepared <i>via</i> a post-synthetic method. This material exhibits a significant selectivity factor for CO<sub>2</sub> over N<sub>2</sub> that is commensurate with top-performing MOFs. It is remarkable that the solid is fully regenerated under vacuum or flowing Ar at low desorption temperatures, and following this can take up CO<sub>2</sub> at more than 13 wt%. An exceptionally high working capacity is achieved at low regeneration temperatures and after exposure to humid conditions, which are important parameters for a real post-combustion CO<sub>2</sub> capture process.
<i>p</i>- and<i>SV</i>-wave transversely isotropic phase velocities analysis from VSP data (1991)

The purpose of this paper is to obtain some measurements of the seismic anisotropy from VSP data independently of the complexity of the medium between source and receiver locations. The anisotropy at receiver locations is studied by analysing P-and SV-wave phase velocities as well as polarization directions under the hypothesis of a transversely isotropic (TI) medium with a vertical axis of symmetry. Multiple-source offset VSPs provide generally direct P- and SV-waves for different incident angles. In this study, the data pairs used are the interval apparent vertical velocities and the polarization directions related to both P- and SV-waves. These directions are given, in the vertical plane, by the angle γ from the vertical axis. Apparent vertical velocities are computed from the delays for a constant phase which travels in the interval between two receivers. This interval has to be smaller than the seismic wavelength in order to consider these velocities as P- and SV-wave phase velocities. The forward problem is defined by the exact equations of P- and SV-wave velocities as a function of four parameters (α, β, η, τ) and of the polarization angle γ. Parameters α and β are tied to the P- and SV-wave vertical velocities, and parameters η and τ explain phase velocity variations with incidence. With this model, these four parameters can be inverted by a least-squares method. This method has been applied to the Pierre Shale data (White, Martineau-Nicoletis & Monash 1983). Inverted parameters have been compared with results obtained by White et al. (1983). The parameter η (which explains velocity variations for small incidences) is accurately recovered because data (in particular phase velocities) are reliable at incident angles lower than 45°. The parameter τ (which explains velocity variations for high incidence) is less accurately recovered because there are not enough reliable data for incident angles higher than 45°. The lack of data (only 8 P shots and 8 S shots) and uncertainties in data provide a large a posteriori error in inverted parameters. However, it is hoped that this method can provide accurate recovery of anisotropy parameters if there is a large number of shot locations (case of a walkaway).
Fixing Nitrogen Any Which Way (1998)

Chemical reactions that split the dinitrogen economically and efficiently are of great importance. Plants do this by nitrogen fixation, and chemical engineers accomplish it through the Haber process, which converts nitrogen to ammonia. In his commentary, Leigh discusses results in the same issue reported by [ Nishibayashi et al. ][1] in which small metallic complexes were used to split dinitrogen. More than just another pathway, according to Leigh, the findings indicate a convergence of several forms of nitrogen reactivity.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/279/5350/540
An efficient synthesis of organic carbonates: atom economic protocol with a new catalytic system (2004)

Selective and solvent free synthesis of unsymmetrical organic carbonates catalysed by a reusable MgLa mixed oxide is achieved for the first time via direct condensation of an alcohol and diethyl carbonate in economic route with excellent yields.
Transforming growth factor β mediates increase of mature transmembrane amyloid precursor protein in microglial cells (1994)

By using the immortalized microglial cell line BV-2, we show that the high expression of the beta A4 amyloid precursor protein (APP), its biogenesis and metabolism is modulated by TGF beta, a cytokine with immunosuppressive activity, and by the microglia-stimulating agent LPS. TGF beta induces accumulation of cellular mature APP, the putative precursor of the amyloid subunit of Alzheimer's disease. LPS leads to an increase in cellular immature, non-amyloidogenic APP and secretion of also non-amyloidogenic APP fragments. We also demonstrate a functional involvement of ECM molecules in the regulation of microglial APP expression at mRNA and protein level by TGF beta and LPS.
Specific inactivation of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and inhibition of collagen synthesis by oxaproline-containing peptides in cultured human skin fibroblasts. (1990)

The crucial role of collagen in fibrotic disorders has prompted attempts to develop drugs that inhibit collagen accumulation. Peptides containing the unphysiological amino acid 5-oxaproline (Opr) have recently been found to act as specific syncatalytic inactivators of pure prolyl 4-hydroxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline in collagens. The present study indicates that oxaproline-containing peptides benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Opr-Gly-benzyl ester (I) and benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Opr-Gly-ethyl ester (II) inactivate prolyl 4-hydroxylase in cultured human skin fibroblasts, peptide I being about twice as potent as peptide II. Inactivation by 50% was observed after culturing with about 20-40 microM concentrations of peptide I for 48 h. The inactivation appears to be specific, as no changes were found in the activities of two other intracellular enzymes of collagen synthesis, lysyl hydroxylase and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase. Synthesis of 4-hydroxyproline by the cells was markedly decreased, and 4-hydroxyproline-deficient procollagen accumulated intracellularly, whereas no changes were found in the incorporation of [14C]leucine into protein after culturing of the cells with a 30 microM concentration of peptide I for 48 h. No changes were seen in the viability of the cells or the release of lactate dehydrogenase from them into the culture medium. No significant changes were found in the steady-state levels of the mRNAs for the pro-alpha 1 chains of type I and type III procollagens or for the alpha and beta subunits of prolyl 4-hyroxylase or fibronectin after culturing with 75 microM peptide I for 48 h. The data indicate that inactivation of cellular prolyl 4-hydroxylase has marked effects on cellular 4-hydroxyproline formation and collagen secretion but no effects on the steady-state levels of mRNAs for type I and III procollagens or the two types of subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase.
Excimer-laser gas-assisted deposition of crystalline and amorphous films (1986)

An excimer-laser, gas-assisted deposition technique has been developed for depositing thin films of crystalline and amorphous Si and of Cu by UV-laser evaporation of target materials. A clean Si wafer is mounted inside a cryogenic vacuum chamber, cooled to 15 K, and then coated with Ar or another inert gas. The coated target is irradiated by the focused, 248-nm output of an excimer laser at fluences ranging from 2.0 to 20 J/cm2. Si evaporates on absorbing the laser radiation and condenses to create a Si film upon the laser-beam entrance window. Scanning-electron microscopy, transmission-electron microscopy, and Raman backscattering spectroscopy analyses indicate that the film is uniform and consists of a mixture of both crystalline and amorphous Si. The operational threshold laser fluence required for Si evaporation is 2.5 J/cm2 with an Ar coating and 4.0 J/cm2 without any coating. At higher fluences, the evaporation rate, and hence the deposition rate, is three times higher with the Ar coating than without. It has been determined that the gas coating functions as an antireflective layer on Si; thus the Si reflectance (R) at 248 nm decreases from 67% without the Ar coating to 28% with the coating. The reduced reflectance leads to an increased coupling of the incident laser energy into the Si target and produces the observed enhancement in the evaporation process. Other nonreactive gases that have given comparable results are N2, Kr, and Xe.
Adjunctive therapy in sepsis: a critical analysis of the clinical trial programme (1999)

Despite intensive efforts, the development of novel drugs for the treatment of sepsis has proved to be extremely difficult. A large number of clinical trials have ended in failure. A critical analysis of this record suggests that there is no single reason for these problems. Rather, the explanation lies in part with unexpected failures in the drugs themselves, and in part with the difficulties of trial design in this particular group of patients. In future, trials in this area are likely to be more highly focused, with even stricter protocol definitions to try and ensure a homogeneous patient population.
Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Function in Hypertension. (1995)

In mild hypertensive patients, regional cerebral blood flow, measured by positron emission tomography, was reduced in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia compared with normotensive patients. In moderate to severe hypertensive patients, cerebral oxygen metabolism was diminished, although the patients were neurologically intact. In elderly hypertensives, white matter vascular lesions on brain imaging were more frequent and cognitive function was impaired, compared with age-matched normotensives. In nontreated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), local cerebral blood flow was decreased in the cortex and thalamus, compared with normotensive rats (NTR). Spatial memory and learning in maze tests were more impaired in aged SHR than in old NTR or young SHR. This impairment was related to decreased cerebral glucose utilization in the medial septal nucleus, hippocampus, and other regions of the brain. Reduced cerebral blood flow, increased media thickness of the cerebral arteries and impaired cognitive function in SHR were improved by long-term antihypertensive treatment. In humans as well as animals, long-standing hypertension per se leads to reductions in cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and cognitive function, each of which possibly may be improved by controlling hypertension with long-term antihypertensive treatment.
ATP-dependent Degradation of CcdA by Lon Protease (1996)

CcdA, the antidote protein of the ccd post-segregational killing system carried by the F plasmid, was degraded in vitro by purified Lon protease from Escherichia coli. CcdA had a low affinity for Lon (Km >/=200 microM), and the peptide bond turnover number was approximately 10 min-1. CcdA formed tight complexes with purified CcdB, the killer protein encoded in the ccd operon, and fluorescence and hydrodynamic measurements suggested that interaction with CcdB converted CcdA to a more compact conformation. CcdB prevented CcdA degradation by Lon and blocked the ability of CcdA to activate the ATPase activity of Lon, suggesting that Lon may recognize bonding domains of proteins exposed when their partners are absent. Degradation of CcdA required ATP hydrolysis; however, CcdA41, consisting of the carboxyl-terminal 41 amino acids of CcdA and lacking the alpha-helical secondary structure present in CcdA, was degraded without ATP hydrolysis. Lon cleaved CcdA primarily between aliphatic and hydrophilic residues, and CcdA41 was cleaved at the same peptide bonds, indicating that ATP hydrolysis does not affect cleavage specificity. CcdA lost alpha-helical structure at elevated temperatures (Tm approximately 50 degrees C), and its degradation became independent of ATP hydrolysis at this temperature. ATP hydrolysis may be needed to disrupt interactions that stabilize the secondary structure of proteins allowing the disordered protein greater access to the proteolytic active sites.
Properties of lignin extracted from sugarcane bagasse and its efficacy in maintaining postharvest quality of limes during storage (2013)

Lignin extracts from sugarcane bagasse by alkaline extraction in the presence and absence of ethanol were investigated for their efficacy on maintaining fresh fruit shelf life. For lignin extraction, the highest lignin yield was obtained from 40% (w/w) NaOH extraction in water. Addition of ethanol gave relatively lower yield of lignin but less hemicellulose contamination. FT-IR intensity of lignin-to-carbohydrate transmittance ratios of extracted lignin from 40% (w/w) NaOH in distilled water were similar to the ratios of lignin standard from Kraft process. From gel permeation chromatography (GPC), lignin isolated from 40% (w/w) NaOH in distilled water yielded high amount of both large and small molecules of lignin. The weight loss ratio between lignin and hemicellulose was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was confirmed that isolated lignin from 40% (w/w) NaOH in distilled water contained highest amount of hemicellulose in lignin extract. The test of coating formulas on limes demonstrated that coating solutions of 0.8% (w/w) xanthan gum and 1.5% (w/w) extracted lignin from 40% (w/w) NaOH had potential to maintain weight loss and color change. This coating formula also exhibited higher antifungal activities. Limes coated with extracted lignin showed higher antifungal activity than limes coated with commercial lignin.
An Ultra-Low Power Binarized Convolutional Neural Network-Based Speech Recognition Processor With On-Chip Self-Learning (2019)

Always-on speech interfaces are prevailing in human-machine interaction, especially on wearable devices, Internet of Things, etc., which benefits from the recent breakthroughs in deep learning. For battery-powered devices, ultra-low power and real-time processing are critical. However, the massive memory access and computation of deep neural networks (DNNs) lead to long latency and huge energy consumption, which hinder their further integration in battery-powered devices. Extremely low-bit quantization shows the potential to enhance energy efficiency and speed by orders of magnitudes, but it suffers from the degradation of recognition accuracy. In this paper, we propose a binarized convolutional neural network (BCNN) based speech recognition processor, integrated with on-chip self-learning mechanism to compensate the accuracy loss caused by low-precision. We optimize the BCNN architecture by eliminating the computation redundancy, compressing the weights and tailoring approximate circuits. Fabricated in 28 nm CMOS, this processor supports real time speech recognition with power consumption of $141~\mu \text{W}$ and energy efficiency of 2.46 pJ/Neuron. Compared with state-of-the-art speech recognition implementations, this processor achieves $2.5\times $ reduction on energy consumption per neuron, and $8.0\times $ energy reduction per speech frame.
Abnormal skeletal and cardiac development, cardiomyopathy, muscle atrophy and cataracts in mice with a targeted disruption of the Nov (Ccn3) gene (2008)

We have generated the first mice with a mutation in the Nov gene (Novdel3). Our data demonstrate that NOV is a regulator of skeletal and cardiac development, and implicates NOV in various disease processes including cardiomyopathy, muscle atrophy and cataract formation. Novdel3 mutants represent a valuable resource for studying NOV's role in the modulation and co-ordination of multiple signalling pathways that underpin organogenesis and tissue homeostasis.
Supercritical fluid extraction of active components in a drug formulation (1992)

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim have been extracted from a drug formulation, Septra Infusion, with pure supercritical carbon dioxide. Both direct extraction of the aqueous-based matrix and indirect extraction of the formulation immobilized onto Celite were studied. Exhaustive analytical extraction was achieved when active components were less than 1.0 mg. A number of co-extractants were found, but each was blind to the HPLC/UV assay.
The therapeutic agents that target ATP-sensitive potassium channels (2016)

Abstract ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels are a major drug target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. K ATP channels are ubiquitously expressed and link the metabolic state to electrical excitability. In pancreatic β-cells, K ATP channels are crucial in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. Also, K ATP channels are involved in the protection against neuronal seizures and ischaemic stress in the heart, brain and in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone. Functional K ATP channels are hetero-octamers composed of two subunits, a pore forming Kir6, which is a member of the inwardly rectifying potassium channels family, and a regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SUR). In response to nucleotides and pharmaceutical agonists and antagonists, SUR allosterically regulates channel gating. The allosteric communication pathways between these two heterologus proteins in K ATP channels are still poorly understood. This review will highlight the therapeutic agents that target K ATP channels and are used to treat diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
[Evaluation of pluronic F127 as a base for gradual release of anticancer drug]. (1990)

The property of pluronic F127 (PLF) as a base for an anticancer agent, mitomycin C (MMC) was evaluated. A weighed amount of PLF and MMC were slowly added to cold water and mixed completely. The solution was warmed to 37 degrees C and MMC containing PLF gel was formed. The cumulative amount of MMC which was released from the gel during a 3-hour period was calculated. 5.5 percent of MMC was released from PLF-MMC gel which contained 20 or 25% PLF and 3.8% MMC from PLF-MMC gel containing 30% PLF. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of large amount of PLF gel alone in rabbits or mouse revealed severe hepatorenal toxicity, and acute i.p. administered LD50 of PLF was supposed to be between 1.7 g and 5.0 g/kg body weight in mouse. Further evaluation of gradual releasing property of PLF is needed.
Reduction of power system magnetic field by configuration twist (1997)

The low-frequency magnetic field in the vicinity of helical three-conductor arrangements carrying symmetric three-phase alternating current is studied by analytical numerical and experimental methods. New approximate and simple closed-form expressions are derived for all three components of the three-dimensional field vector as function of current, distance, pitch and conductor spacing. Comparison is made with numerical results. Measurements on an experimental helical arrangement have also been performed for verification.
Shadowing of physical trajectories in chaotic dynamics: Containment and refinement (1990)

For a chaotic system, a noisy trajectory diverges rapidly from the true trajectory with the same initial condition. To understand in what sense the noisy trajectory reflects the true dynamics of the actual system, we developed a rigorous procedure to show that some true trajectories remain close to the noisy one for long times. The procedure involves a combination of containment, which establishes the existence of an uncountable number of true trajectories close to the noisy one, and refinement, which produces a less noisy trajectory. Our procedure is applied to noisy chaotic trajectories of the standard map and the driven pendulum.
Metacognition: New Research Developments (2009)

Table of Contents: Preface The Importance of Cultivating A Meta-Discourse in Deliberate Support of Metacognition Metacognition in Animals Clinical Reasoning Strategies and Related Research: Health Care Professional Perspectives Metacognition and Metamovement: Links between Cognition and Motor Function in Parkinsons disease Metacognition and Reactive/Regulative Aspects of Temperament in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder The Effect of Metamemory on Memory Performance: A Test of a Structural Model Metacognition Awareness and Control in Comprehending Multimedia Presentations Curiosity and Metacognition Social Metacognition in Groups: Benefits, Difficulties, Learning and Teaching The New Look in Metacognition: From Individual to Social, From Cognitiive to Affective Using Structured and Open-Ended Procedures for Eliciting Data on Learners' Metacognitive Knowledge: A Qualitive Comparative Study Metacognition: Teacher Knowledge, Misconceptions, and Judgment of Relevance Metacognition and Professiona Development of Secondary Education Science Teachers: a Case Study The Improvement of Students Self-Regulatory Behavior in Mathematics: The Impact of Mathematical Modeling Unawareness of Deficits in Alzheimers Disease through a Biopsychosocial Perspective Metacognitive Knowledge About Intelligence: The Multiple Intelligence and Entity/Incremental Theories According to Naive Conceptions Introspection, Meditation and Metacognition: How aware or Unaware of Myself can I Be? Index.
Effects of a moderate dietary fibre supplement on hunger rating, energy input and faecal energy output in young, healthy volunteers. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. (1987)

The effects of moderate dietary-fibre supplementation on satiety, energy intake and faecal energy excretion were studied in 20 young healthy volunteers of normal body weight, mean body mass index 20.9, receiving a dietary fibre supplement of 7.3 g per day in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. Hunger feeling, energy intake, and defaecation pattern, were recorded daily during a 2-week control period and then, during two 4-week treatment periods. Furthermore, faecal energy output was determined during the last week of each treatment period. The fibre treatment, as compared to placebo, resulted in a significantly higher faecal energy excretion: 173 kcal/d (163-183 kcal/d) vs 153 kcal/d (135-171 kcal/d), respectively (P less than 0.05); a decrease in hunger rating (using a visual analogue scale) (P less than 0.05); an increase in number of bowel movements (P less than 0.05), and a softer consistency of the stools (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean energy intake between the two treatment periods. This study demonstrated that moderate dietary fibre supplementation in normal man increases faecal energy excretion with simultaneously decreased hunger feeling. These beneficial effects may have therapeutic value in the management of obesity.
Comparative Study of Cell Cycle Kinetics and Induction of Apoptosis or Necrosis after Exposure of Human Mono Mac 6 Cells to Radiofrequency Radiation (2006)

The possible harmful effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMFs) are controversial. We have used human Mono Mac 6 cells to investigate the influence of RF EMFs in vitro on cell cycle alterations and BrdU uptake, as well as the induction of apoptosis and necrosis in human Mono Mac 6 cells, using flow cytometry after exposure to a 1,800 MHz, 2 W/kg specific absorption rate (SAR), GSM-DTX signal for 12 h. No statistically significant differences in the induction of apoptosis or necrosis, cell cycle kinetics, or BrdU uptake were detected after RF EMF exposure compared to sham or incubator controls. However, in the positive control cells treated with gliotoxin and PMA (phorbol 12 myristate-13 acetate), a significant increase in apoptotic and necrotic cells was seen. Cell cycle analysis or BrdU incorporation for 72 h showed no differences between RF EMF- or sham-exposed cells, whereas PMA treatment induced a significant accumulation of cells in G(0)/G(1)-phase and a reduction in S-phase cells. RF EMF radiation did not induce cell cycle alterations or changes in BrdU incorporation or induce apoptosis and necrosis in Mono Mac 6 cells under the exposure conditions used.