gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possible Role of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Post-Zoster Limb Pain and Paresis (2006)

Background: Associations of inflammation with occurrence of pain and paralysis in shingles have been well documented. Thus, the anti-inflammatory effect of acupuncture might improve or hasten pain relief and motor recovery in patients with shingles-associated pain and paralysis.Objective: To describe the possible role of acupuncture in motor deficit recovery and pain relief in a male patient with post-zoster neuralgia and limb paralysis.Case Summary: The patient developed burning pain over his right shoulder followed by red painful vesicles over the right arm and right shoulder weakness. Despite hydrocodone, rofecoxib and gabapentin, these symptoms persisted. His physical examination and laboratory tests were normal except for the deltoid muscle strength of 1/5, and the C4 dermatome rashes. He received a 10-day course of intravenous acyclovir and prednisone, massage therapy, physical and occupational therapy. The rashes resolved. The pain-10/10 in severity-and paralysis persisted, even one month post-hospital discharge. In line with the Traditional Chinese Medicine method, 3–4 acupuncture treatments per week were administered to the patient for 3 months. By the end of the 1st month of treatment, the patient muscle strength was 4/5 and his pain was 3/10. By the 3rd month, his muscle strength was 5/5 and his pain was down to 1/10. At the 18-month follow-up, he had normal muscle strength and was off all analgesic drugs.Conclusion: The usefulness of acupuncture in the treatment of shingle-related neuropathic pain and motor paralysis merits further study in a large, controlled clinical trial.
Conceptual design of a compact four‐element UWB MIMO slot antenna array (2018)

In this study, an effective methodology to design a compact four‐element multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with high performance over ultra‐wide bandwidth (BW) is presented and discussed. Taking the advantages of symmetry of most planar ultra‐wideband (UWB) antennas, an asymmetric feeding scheme technique is utilised to chop a previously developed UWB slot antenna with overall dimensions of 30 mm × 30 mm into two halves to yield a more compact structure while retaining its overall frequency‐ and time‐domain performances. Benefiting from orthogonal orientation, a compact UWB MIMO antenna system is arranged using four half‐sized elements. The proposed MIMO antenna has an overall size of 40 mm × 40 mm and exhibits impedance BW from 2.94 to more than 14 GHz (10 dB return loss) with port isolation better than 17 dB over the entire operating band without using any decoupling structures. This is achieved via the inherent directional radiation properties of slot antenna elements and their asymmetrical placements. Envelope correlation coefficient is computed, and it is within the acceptable limit, which validates the design concept for building a compact MIMO antenna system with good performance.
Chlorogenic Acid Improves Late Diabetes through Adiponectin Receptor Signaling Pathways in db/db Mice (2015)

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on glucose and lipid metabolism in late diabetic db/db mice, as well as on adiponectin receptors and their signaling molecules, to provide evidence for CGA in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. We randomly divided 16 female db/db mice into db/db-CGA and db/db-control (CON) groups equally; db/m mice were used as control mice. The mice in both the db/db-CGA and db/m-CGA groups were administered 80 mg/kg/d CGA by lavage for 12 weeks, whereas the mice in both CON groups were given equal volumes of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) by lavage. At the end of the intervention, we assessed body fat and the parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism in the plasma, liver and skeletal muscle tissues as well as the levels of aldose reductase (AR) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the kidneys and measured adiponectin receptors and the protein expression of their signaling molecules in liver and muscle tissues. After 12 weeks of intervention, compared with the db/db-CON group, the percentage of body fat, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the db/db-CGA group were all significantly decreased; TGF-β1 protein expression and AR activity in the kidney were both decreased; and the adiponectin level in visceral adipose was increased. The protein expression of adiponectin receptors (ADPNRs), the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver and muscle, and the mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) in the liver were all significantly greater. CGA could lower the levels of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c during late diabetes and improve kidney fibrosis to some extent through the modulation of adiponectin receptor signaling pathways in db/db mice.
Diffraction gratings for color filtering in the zero diffraction order (1978)

Phase gratings with deep rectangular grooves have been successfully used in the zero diffraction order as transmission color filters. They form the basis of the ZOD microimage system for recording color images as surface-relief structures. ZOD images can be inexpensively replicated by hot embossing in a transparent sheet of plastic and read-out using conventional slide projectors or microfilm viewers. In this paper we use rigorous diffraction theory to derive optimum grating parameters for gratings with periods d < 2 microm to produce the three subtractive primary colors, cyan, magenta, and yellow, and also green. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experiment.
Roadmap for selected key measurements of LHCb (2009)

Six of the key physics measurements that will be made by the LHCb experiment, concerning CP asymmetries and rare B decays, are discussed in detail. The “road map” towards the precision measurements is presented, including the use of control channels and other techniques to understand the performance of the detector with the first data from the LHC.
Narcotics plus methylphenidate (Ritalin) for advanced cancer pain. (1988)

o explore the use of methylphenidate (Ritalin) to reduce narcotic-induced somnolence and to enhance analgesic effect, our group selected 50 patients with advanced cancer. Each patient was taking oral narcotics at the time16 took morphine; 11, hydromorphone (Dilaudid); 10, oxycodone (Percocet, Percodan); 8, codeine; 3, slow-release morphine; and 2, levorphanol (Levo-Dromoran). Each of the 50 had complained of severe somnolence, even at minimal analgesic doses. Reduced doses had resulted in recurrent pain in all 50 patients.
Arthroscopic Approaches and Intraarticular Anatomy of the Equine Elbow (1990)

Periarticular anatomy and techniques for arthroscopic access to the equine elbow were studied in six joints from cadavers. Caudomedial and craniolateral approaches were evaluated subsequently in 11 anesthetized horses. The caudomedial approach was made between the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris muscle bellies. Most of the caudal articular surfaces of the humeral condyles, the caudal perimeter of the radius, and the trochlear notch and portions of the anconeal process of the ulna could be identified. The voluminous caudal joint capsule cul-de-sac proximal to the anconeal process was readily entered. A 70 degree arthroscope allowed examination of more of the joint recesses and articular surfaces of the olecranon fossa than a 25 degree arthroscope. A second portal for intraarticular instrument manipulation was made caudal and slightly proximal to the arthroscope entry. Entry more proximal than the level of the radiohumeral articulation carried significant risk of damage to the ulnar nerve and collateral ulnar artery and vein. For examination of the cranial regions of the elbow, a craniolateral portal was established cranial to the lateral collateral ligament. An instrument portal was made through the muscle bellies of the extensor carpi radialis or common digital extensor muscles. The cranial articular surfaces of the humeral condyles were readily exposed by extension of the elbow. The weight-bearing articular surface of the radius could not be seen. Eight horses were euthanatized without recovery from anesthesia and the elbows were dissected for examination. Three horses were allowed to recover from anesthesia and were euthanatized on days 3, 30, and 60.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficient synchronization of multiprocessors with shared memory (1986)

A new formalism is given for read-modify-write (RMW) synchronization operations. This formalism is used to extend the memory reference combining mechanism, introduced in the NYU Ultracomputer, to arbitrary RMW operations. A formal correctness proof of this combining mechanism is given. General requirements for the practicality of combining are discussed. Combining is shown to be practical for many useful memory access operations. This includes memory updates of the form mere val :~ mere val op val, where op need not be associative, and a variety of synchronization primitives. The computation involved is shown to be closely related to parallel prefix evaluation.
An efficient annotation and gene-expression derivation tool for Illumina Solexa datasets (2010)

TASE is a powerful tool to facilitate the process of annotating a given Illumina Solexa sequencing dataset. Our results indicate that both homology-based annotation and tag-count analysis are achieved in very efficient times, providing researchers to delve deep in a given CASAVA-build and maximize information extraction from a sequencing dataset. TASE is specially designed to translate sequence data in a CASAVA-build into functional annotations while producing corresponding gene expression measurements. Achieving such analysis is executed in an ultrafast and highly efficient manner, whether the analysis be a single-read or paired-end sequencing experiment. TASE is a user-friendly and freely available application, allowing rapid analysis and annotation of any given Illumina Solexa sequencing dataset with ease.
The Cardiofocal collimator: a variable-focus collimator for cardiac SPECT (1994)

Investigators in nuclear medicine have long been in search of a practical method to increase the number of detected events in cardiac SPECT. A clinically practical method requires a simple data acquisition protocol, clinically acceptable reconstruction times, artifact levels near or below visual threshold, and the use of currently available cameras and computers. Towards this end, we have developed the Cardiofocal collimator, a variable-focus collimator for cardiac SPECT that increases the number of detected events from the heart by more than a factor of two compared to that of a parallel-hole collimator with equivalent resolution. In both the transverse and axial dimensions, the focusing is strongest at the centre of the collimator, and gradually relaxes to nearly parallel-hole collimation at the edge of the collimator. The variable-focus concept provides an increase in the number of counts from organs imaged near the centre of the collimator, where the heart will spend most of the time during a cardiac SPECT study, while adequately sampling enough of the background activity distribution to prevent truncation artifacts in the reconstructed images. Images are reconstructed in clinically acceptable times using a filtered backprojection reconstruction algorithm. The algorithm supports both full-scan (360 degrees) and short-scan (180 degrees plus the fan angle) acquisitions. The results of simulations and phantom studies are included to demonstrate the performance of the Cardiofocal collimator.
Spatiotemporal coherence properties of entangled light beams generated by parametric down-conversion (1994)

We investigate the amplitude and intensity spatiotemporal coherence and the photon coincidence rates of far-field down-converted light resulting from the interaction of a pump wave of finite spectral width with a nonlinear crystal of finite spatial width. We examine the interplay between energy and phase mismatches and their effects on the intrabeam and interbeam spatial and temporal coherence of the down-converted beams. We show that the down-converted light is spatially incoherent in the second order, and that the signal-idler fourth-order coherence extends over finite entanglement angles. We also study the effect of the apertures through which the down-converted light is collected, when they are centered at phase-matched or misaligned directions.
Value of Survival Gains In Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (2010)

Abstract Abstract 4736 Background: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) are the first line therapies for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The value of survival gains to patients associated with TKI treatment—in aggregate or relative to the cost of treatment—is unknown. Methods: Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models are used to construct real-world, community-based estimates of survival improvements in CML associated with the introduction of first-line TKI therapy, controlling for characteristics of patients which may independently affect survival. We then employ an economic framework following Becker, Philipson and Soares (2005) to calculate social value of infra-marginal improvements in survival gains due to treatment with TKIs. Finally, the value of community-based improvements in CML survival from treatment by newer TKIs used in second line is estimated by combining community-based survival data for first-line TKIs, along with clinical data on health improvements for CML patients receiving a TKI in second line. Results: Introduction of first-line TKIs in 2001 is associated with a real-world decrease in the all-cause mortality hazard rate of 0.183 (p < 0.01) for CML patients. A decrease of this magnitude is associated with an increase in life expectancy from 60 to 110 months for treated CML patients with median survival length in 2001. We estimate that patients place an annual value of $110,000 on first-line treatment with TKIs. This implies that for all patients in present and future CML cohorts, the present social value of first-line TKI therapy is $88bn. The present value of costs is estimated to be $8bn, suggesting that more than 90% of social value of TKIs in first line therapy is retained by patients. In second-line CML therapy, use of newer TKI agents is estimated to have created $47bn in social value, of which roughly 88% is retained by patients. This estimated value of the newer TKIs does not incorporate possible benefits in first-line therapy. Conclusions: In total, the TKI class in first and second-line theray has created over $135bn in social value. Approximately 90% of this value is retained by patients; approximately 10% is recouped by manufacturers. These estimates suggest that at current price levels, the vast majority of value created by new therapies in CML is appropriated by patients. In addition, since our estimates of survival community-based improvements are somewhat smaller than those contained in clinical trial estimates, this suggests the potential value of addressing real-world obstacles to efficacy, such as poor adherence. Disclosures: Yin: Precision Health Economics: Consultancy. Penrod:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Employment. Maclean:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Employment. Humphrey:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Employment. Bahceci:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Employment. Lakdawalla:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Precision Health Economics: Equity Ownership.
In Vitro Selection of RNA Aptamers Derived from a Genomic Human Library against the TAR RNA Element of HIV-1 (2009)

The transactivating responsive (TAR) element is a RNA hairpin located in the 5' untranslated region of HIV-1 mRNA. It is essential for full-length transcription of the retroviral genome and therefore for HIV-1 replication. Hairpin aptamers that generate highly stable and specific complexes with TAR were previously identified, thus decreasing the level of TAR-dependent expression in cultured cells [Kolb, G., et al. (2006) RNA Biol. 3, 150-156]. We performed genomic SELEX against TAR using a human RNA library to identify human transcripts that might interact with the retroviral genome through loop-loop interactions and potentially contribute to the regulation of TAR-mediated processes. We identified a genomic aptamer termed a1 that folds as a hairpin with an apical loop complementary to five nucleotides of the TAR hexanucleotide loop. Surface plasmon resonance experiments performed on a truncated or mutated version of the a1 aptamer, in the presence of the Rop protein of Escherichia coli, indicate the formation of a highly stable a1-TAR kissing complex. The 5' ACCCAG loop of a1 constitutes a new motif of interaction with the TAR loop.
A Biointegrated Hydroxylapatite Ventilation Tube for Definitive Treatment of Chronic Eustachian Tube Obstruction (1991)

A dense hydroxylapatite ventilation tube has been designed for the purpose of providing prolonged ventilation of the middle ear. The tube is placed beneath the fibrous annulus of the eardrum, into a groove within the bony annulus and canal. The device takes advantage of the documented biocompatibility of hydroxylapatite to achieve biointegration with the soft tissues of the fibrous annulus, drum, and canal skin, as well as the bone of the deep ear canal. The tube does not appear to cause a foreign body reaction, and does not seem to extrude over time. The device is proposed for patients with unresolving eustachian tube obstruction who require a permanent tympanic stoma for normal middle ear function.
Modelling the mechanics of partially mineralized collagen fibrils, fibres and tissue (2013)

Progressive stiffening of collagen tissue by bioapatite mineral is important physiologically, but the details of this stiffening are uncertain. Unresolved questions about the details of the accommodation of bioapatite within and upon collagen's hierarchical structure have posed a central hurdle, but recent microscopy data resolve several major questions. These data suggest how collagen accommodates bioapatite at the lowest relevant hierarchical level (collagen fibrils), and suggest several possibilities for the progressive accommodation of bioapatite at higher hierarchical length scales (fibres and tissue). We developed approximations for the stiffening of collagen across spatial hierarchies based upon these data, and connected models across hierarchies levels to estimate mineralization-dependent tissue-level mechanics. In the five possible sequences of mineralization studied, percolation of the bioapatite phase proved to be an important determinant of the degree of stiffening by bioapatite. The models were applied to study one important instance of partially mineralized tissue, which occurs at the attachment of tendon to bone. All sequences of mineralization considered reproduced experimental observations of a region of tissue between tendon and bone that is more compliant than either tendon or bone, but the size and nature of this region depended strongly upon the sequence of mineralization. These models and observations have implications for engineered tissue scaffolds at the attachment of tendon to bone, bone development and graded biomimetic attachment of dissimilar hierarchical materials in general.
A roadmap for the computation of persistent homology (2017)

The online version of this article (doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-017-0109-5) contains supplementary material.
Protection against Bacteremic Pneumococcal Infection by Antibody to Pneumolysin (2001)

Pneumolysin is an important virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae. This study examined the hypothesis that human antibody to pneumolysin provides protection against pneumococcal infection. At the time of hospital admission, patients with nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia had higher levels of serum anti-pneumolysin IgG than did patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia or uninfected control subjects. IgG levels rose significantly during convalescence in patients with bacteremic pneumonia, reaching levels observed in nonbacteremic patients. Purified human anti-pneumolysin IgG protected mice against intraperitoneal challenge with S. pneumoniae types 1 or 4 in a dose-related fashion; mice that received anti-pneumolysin IgG had a greater likelihood of surviving challenge and had negative blood cultures. Pneumolysin damages epithelial cells and inhibits phagocytic function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. One hypothesis that might explain the study results is that, early in infection, IgG to pneumolysin blocks these effects in the alveoli, thereby protecting the host against bacteremic pneumococcal disease.
Computing approximate blocking probabilities for a class of all-optical networks (2002)

Studies a class of all-optical networks using wavelength division multiplexing and wavelength routing in which a connection between a pair of nodes in the network is assigned a path and a wavelength on that path. Moreover, on the links of that path no other connection can share the assigned wavelength. Using a generalized reduced load approximation scheme the authors calculate the blocking probabilities for the optical network model for two routing schemes: fixed routing and least loaded routing.
Optimal recursive estimation with uncertain observation (1969)

In classical estimation theory, the observation is always assumed to contain the signal to be estimated. In practice, certain observations, or sequences of observations, may contain noise alone, only the probability of occurrence of such cases being available to the estimator. An example is trajectory tracking where the signal is first detected and then the estimator is allowed to process it for tracking purposes. However, any detection decision is associated with a false-alarm probability, which is the probability that the detected signal contains only noise. Minimum mean-square estimators are derived for two different forms of this problem; 1) when it is possible that the observation at any sample time contains signal or is noise alone, independent of the situation at any other sample, and 2) when the entire sequence of observations contains signal or is only noise. The estimators derived are of recursive form. A simple example is given for illustration.
VCAM-1 Expression on CD8+ Cells Correlates with Enhanced Anti-HIV Suppressing Activity (2005)

CD8(+) cells from HIV-infected individuals showing the CD8(+) cell noncytotoxic antiviral response unexpectedly revealed mRNA for VCAM-1, a cell surface molecule found on endothelial cells. Uninfected subjects had undetectable levels of VCAM-1 mRNA in their CD8(+) cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that up to 12% of the CD8(+) cells from HIV-positive individuals expressed VCAM-1 compared with 0.8% of the CD8(+) cells of HIV-negative individuals. Enrichment of the CD8(+)VCAM-1(+) cell population and subsequent coculture with CD4(+) cells acutely infected with HIV-1 showed that the VCAM-1(+)CD8(+) cells were able to suppress viral replication with 50% less input cells than the unseparated CD8(+) cell population. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the expression of VCAM-1 on CD8(+) cells. Moreover, the CD8(+)VCAM-1(+) cells show enhanced CD8(+) cell noncytotoxic antiviral response activity that could have clinical importance in HIV infection.