gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable MPI design over InfiniBand using eXtended Reliable Connection (2008)

A significant component of a high-performance cluster is the compute node interconnect. InfiniBand, is an interconnect of such systems that is enjoying wide success due to low latency (1.0-3.0 musec) and high bandwidth and other features. The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is the dominant programming model for parallel scientific applications. As a result, the MPI library and interconnect play a significant role in the scalability. These clusters continue to scale to ever-increasing levels making the role very important. As an example, the ldquoRangerrdquo system at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) includes over 60,000 cores with nearly 4000 InfiniBand ports. Previous work has shown that memory usage simply for connections when using the Reliable Connection (RC) transport of InfiniBand can reach hundreds of megabytes of memory per process at that level. To address these scalability problems a new InfiniBand transport, eXtended Reliable Connection, has been introduced. In this paper we describe XRC and design MPI over this new transport. We describe the variety of design choices that must be made as well as the various optimizations that XRC allows. We implement our designs and evaluate it on an InfiniBand cluster against RC-based designs. The memory scalability in terms of both connection memory and memory efficiency for communication buffers is evaluated for all of the configurations. Connection memory scalability evaluation shows a potential 100 times improvement over a similarly configured RC-based design. Evaluation using NAMD shows a 10% performance improvement for our XRC-based prototype for the jac2000 benchmark.
Label-Free Fluorescent Detection of Ions, Proteins, and Small Molecules Using Structure-Switching Aptamers, SYBR Gold, and Exonuclease I (2012)

We have demonstrated a label-free sensing strategy employing structure-switching aptamers (SSAs), SYBR Gold, and exonuclease I to detect a broad range of targets including inorganic ions, proteins, and small molecules. This nearly universal biosensor approach is based on the observation that SSAs at binding state with their targets, which fold into secondary structures such as quadruplex structure or Y shape structure, show more resistance to nuclease digestion than SSAs at unfolded states. The amount of aptamer left after nuclease reaction is proportional to the concentrations of the targets and in turn is proportional to the fluorescence intensities from SYBR Gold that can only stain nucleic acids but not their digestion products, nucleoside monophosphates (dNMPs). Fluorescent assays employing this mechanism for the detection of potassium ion (K(+)) are sensitive, selective, and convenient. Twenty μM K(+) is readily detected even at the presence of a 500-fold excess of Na(+). Likewise, we have generalized the approach to the specific and convenient detection of proteins (thrombin) and small molecules (cocaine). The assays were then validated by detecting K(+), cocaine, and thrombin in urine and serum or cutting and masking adulterants with good agreements with the true values. Compared to other reported approaches, most limited to G-quadruplex structures, the demonstrated method has less structure requirements of both the SSAs and their complexes with targets, therefore rending its wilder applications for various targets. The detection scheme could be easily modified and extended to detection platforms to further improve the detection sensitivity or for other applications as well as being useful in high-throughput and paralleled analysis of multiple targets.
Die Moskauer Entscheidung über den Tschetschenien-Krieg - Abläufe, Motive, Akteure - (II): Entscheidungsablauf und rechtlich umstrittener Entscheidungsinhalt (1995)

Die Entscheidung für den Sturz des tschetschenischen Präsidenten Dudaev soll in Moskau am 25. August 1994 gefallen sein. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, setzte der Kreml zuerst auf die innertschetschenische Opposition, die er mit Geld und Waffen unterstützte. Als diese nichts erreichte, ging Moskau Anfang November 1994 zu verdeckten Operationen über. Als auch diese Angriffe von Dudaev zurückgeschlagen wurden, beschloß der Sicherheitsrat am 7. Dezember 1994 die militärische Invasion. Der Einsatz der Armee in Tschetschenien ist nicht von der russischen Verfassung gedeckt, sondern verletzt die in der Verfassung verankerten Rechte auf Leben und Wohnraum der Einwohner Grosnys. Ferner verletzt die Militärinvasion mehrere internationale Abkommen. (BIOst-Mrk)
Effect of Zincate Treatment on Adhesion of Electroless Ni-P Coating onto Various Aluminum Alloys (2009)

It is well known that the adhesion of the electroless Ni-P coating on aluminum alloy substrate can be remarkably improved by introducing the double zincate treatment as a pretreatment process. This study investigated the effects of the alloying element and zincate treatment on adhesion of electroless Ni-P coating on various aluminum alloy substrates using peeling test, FE-SEM and XPS. Surface morphology of zinc deposit from the 1st zincate treatment and its adhesive strength were changed, depending on the alloying element. The zinc deposit from the 2nd zincate treatment became uniformly thin, and the adhesive strength was improved irrespective of the alloying element. By dipping the zinc deposit obtained at the 1st zincate in 5% HNO3 solution, most of the zinc deposit on aluminum substrate was dissolved, but XPS analysis revealed that the existence of zinc, whose state was metal, at the surface of aluminum alloy substrate after this dipping. This zinc at the surface should be an important factor influencing morphology of zinc deposit at the 2nd zincate treatment, so that zinc deposit became highly uniform and thin. This zinc at the surface can be attributed to the diffusion of zinc and aluminum between the zinc deposit from the 1st zincate and the aluminum alloy substrate.
Assembling a Parallel Corpus from RSS News Feeds (2005)

We describe our use of RSS news feeds to quickly assemble a parallel English-Japanese corpus. Our method is simpler than other web mining approaches, and it produces a paral-lel corpus whose quality, quantity, and rate of growth are stable and predictable. 1
Silicon sensors for automotive applications (2002)

The author examines the strategic, economic, and technological considerations for silicon sensors for automotive applications. The view toward the 1990s as the decade of increased silicon sensors for automotive applications is examined in light of the economic and technological tradeoffs. It is pointed out that silicon sensors have demonstrated their value as Hall effect and pressure sensors for more than ten years and several hundred applications. The pressure sensor opportunities are continuing to grow and provide a technological base for growth in silicon accelerometers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Promoter-Specific Zrans-Activation by the Adenovirus E1A<sub>12S</sub> Product Involves Separate E1A Domains (1992)

Recent studies have shown that the adenovirus E1A12S product can trans-activate transcription by activating the transcription factor E2F. However, E2F cannot be the only target for the E1A12S product, since several cellular promoters have been found to be activated by the E1A12S protein even though they lack E2F sites. Indeed, we now show that activation of the hsp70 promoter by the E1A12S product requires the TATAA sequence. Moreover, activation of the hsp70 promoter requires the N-terminal domain of the E1A protein and does not require the conserved region 2 sequences which are required for the E2F-dependent activation of transcription. We conclude that the targeting of distinct transcription factors, leading to trans-activation of transcription of multiple promoters, involves distinct domains of the E1A proteins that are also required for oncogenic activity.
Three-Phase Hierarchical Structures from AB/CD Diblock Copolymer Blends with Complemental Hydrogen Bonding Interaction (2005)

Complex phase structures of AB/CD diblock copolymer blends were investigated. Two pairs of poly(isoprene-block-2-vinylpyridine) (IP) and poly(styrene-block-4-hydroxystyrene) (SH) diblock copolymers with different molar ratios, 5:5 and 9:1, were used; they were coded IP-55, IP-91, SH-55, and SH-91, respectively. Two polymer species, that is, poly(2-vinylpyridine) and poly(4-hydroxystyrene), out of four components are miscible with each other via hydrogen bonding interactions in bulk as well as in solution. From morphological observation using TEM and SAXS, it was confirmed that IP/SH blends were self-assembled to form the complex three-phase microphase-separated structures. Namely, two kinds of hierarchical structures were observed, that is, one is a unique lamellar structure from a IP-55/SH-55 = 50/50 blend, where mixed one phases from P and H form alternating lamellae, whereas I and S phases are arranged alternatingly in every second lamellar phase. The other one from IP-91/SH-91 = 50/50 consists of another peculiar lamellar structure, where the P/H mixed phase forms isolated cylinders between lamellar S and I layers.
<title>Design, modeling and verification of MEMS silicon torsion mirror</title> (1997)

This paper presents the design, modeling, and verification of a MEMS silicon torsion mirror for applications in laser printing. It begins with a description of the torsion mirror design, followed by detailed discussions of modeling and verification of the design. A coupled electro-mechanical computer-aided-design software package MEMCAD is used to perform both electrical and mechanical analysis of the mirror under different applied voltages. The MEMCAD modeling results are then post-processed through a program, which retrieves the displacement components of nodes from MEMCAD output and fits a quadratic surface to the deformed reflecting mirror surface. This approximated surface is to be used later in an optical modeling package to analyze the optical performance of the device. The post-processed results are verified by experiential measurements. The first six natural modes of the mirror are determined and are given to help understand the mechanical response of the mirror to different excitation frequencies, Finally, with the aid of MEMCAD, sensitivity analysis for translation versus rotation is performed in order to optimize the mirror design for a raster output scanner (ROS) optical system.
Construction and control of a physiological articulatory model (2004)

A physiological articulatory model has been constructed using a fast computation method, which replicates midsagittal regions of the speech organs to simulate articulatory movements during speech. This study aims to improve the accuracy of modeling by using the displacement-based finite-element method and to develop a new approach for controlling the model. A "semicontinuum" tongue tissue model was realized by a discrete truss structure with continuum viscoelastic cylinders. Contractile effects of the muscles were systemically examined based on model simulations. The results indicated that each muscle drives the tongue toward an equilibrium position (EP) corresponding to the magnitude of the activation forces. The EPs shifted monotonically as the activation force increased. The monotonic shift revealed a unique and invariant mapping, referred to as an EP map, between a spatial position of the articulators and the muscle forces. This study proposes a control method for the articulatory model based on the EP maps, in which co-contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles are taken into account. By utilizing the co-contraction, the tongue tip and tongue dorsum can be controlled to reach their targets independently. Model simulation showed that the co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles could increase the stability of a system in dynamic control.
Ivermectin Inhibits Growth of Chlamydia trachomatis in Epithelial Cells (2012)

Ivermectin is currently approved for treatment of both clinical and veterinary infections by nematodes, including Onchocerca cervicalis in horses and Onchocerca volvulus in humans. However, ivermectin has never been shown to be effective against bacterial pathogens. Here we show that ivermectin also inhibits infection of epithelial cells by the bacterial pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis, at doses that could be envisioned clinically for sexually-transmitted or ocular infections by Chlamydia.
Optimal scheduling of handoffs in cellular networks (1996)

The phenomenon of hard handoffs (as applicable to FDMA- and TDMA-based networks) as well as soft handoffs (as applicable to DS/CDMA-based networks) is formulated as stochastic optimization problems. The signals received by a mobile user are treated as stochastic processes with associated rewards, which are functions of some measurable characteristics of the received signals, while the handoff is associated with a switching penalty. This formulation captures the trade-offs involved in handoffs in a flexible manner and captures many facets of popular cellular communication systems in use currently. Using dynamic programming, necessary and sufficient conditions for determining the optimal base station(s) the mobile should be associated with during each decision epoch are derived. For the cases where the above-mentioned necessary and sufficient conditions fail to determine an optimal decision, "limited lookahead" arguments are used for determining handoff decisions. The decisions are taken in a decentralized manner, which makes its implementation easier compared to centralized algorithms. Simulation results show that for the hard handoffs, performance gain by the proposed algorithm over the simpler threshold algorithms proposed in the literature is small; however, for the case of soft handoffs, the proposed algorithm offers considerable improvement over the algorithm proposed in the IS-95 standard.
Single-dose pharmacokinetic and toxicity analysis of pyrrole–imidazole polyamides in mice (2012)

The variations in pharmacokinetics and toxicity in vivo stem from a minor chemical modification that is also correlated with differing potency in cell culture. The results obtained in this study could provide a structural basis for further improvement of polyamide activity both in cell culture and in animal models.
Performance of a reconfigurable wavelength converter based on dual-pump-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier (1998)

We report on a wavelength converter based on dual pump wave mixing in an 1-mm-long bulk semiconductor optical amplifier. Very high conversion efficiency (more than 0 dB) and signal-to-background-noise ratio (SBR) (16 dB), for large down- or up-wavelength shifts (30 mn) has been achieved using parallel polarized pumps with low optical power (-13 dBm). Orthogonal polarized pumps result in worse performance, having the advantage of polarization insensitivity for small wavelength spacing between them. The converter operates in a fixed input-tunable output or a tunable input-fixed output mode of operation. In each mode, the measured SBR is almost independent of the wavelength shift for either up- or down-conversion.
Adsorption of endogenous polyphenols relieves the inhibition by fruit juices and fresh produce of immuno-PCR detection of<i>Escherichia coli</i>0157:H7 (1999)

The immuno-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches facilitate rapid (8 h) detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in contaminated dairy products and ground beef samples with detection sensitivities approaching 1 colony forming unit (cfu) g-1 ml-1. However, no PCR products were obtained when the method was applied to identify E. coli O157:H7 in tainted apple juice. Enzyme-linked immuno-assay (ELISA) results suggested non-specific binding of endogenous polyphenols (ubiquitous in plant products) to antibodies present on the surface of the immunobeads, making the latter unavailable for capturing the target bacteria Treatment of the test sample, prior to IMS, with a synthetic fining agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone, restored the full function and sensitivity of the immuno-PCR. The study demonstrates the suitability of the improved method as a generic strategy for rapid screening of fruit juices and plant produce for E. coli O157:H7.
Enhancing the pictorial content of digital holograms at 100 frames per second (2012)

We report a low complexity, non-iterative method for enhancing the sharpness, brightness, and contrast of the pictorial content that is recorded in a digital hologram, without the need of re-generating the latter from the original object scene. In our proposed method, the hologram is first back-projected to a 2-D virtual diffraction plane (VDP) which is located at close proximity to the original object points. Next the field distribution on the VDP, which shares similar optical properties as the object scene, is enhanced. Subsequently, the processed VDP is expanded into a full hologram. We demonstrate two types of enhancement: a modified histogram equalization to improve the brightness and contrast, and localized high-boost-filtering (LHBF) to increase the sharpness. Experiment results have demonstrated that our proposed method is capable of enhancing a 2048x2048 hologram at a rate of around 100 frames per second. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time real-time image enhancement is considered in the context of digital holography.
Strategies for Child Accident Prevention (1987)

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Extensor mechanism complications after total knee arthroplasty. (2008)

Extensor mechanism complications after total knee arthroplasty are relatively uncommon but potentially devastating. The etiology of these complications, which includes patellofemoral instability, periprosthetic patellar fracture, and disruptions of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament, has become better defined in recent years, with a subsequent decrease in the incidence, primarily resulting from changes in surgical technique and component design. In addition to addressing the patient's specific failure mechanism, the treatment of extensor mechanism complications after total knee arthroplasty may include nonsurgical management, primary repair, or reconstruction with autogenous, allogeneic, or synthetic tissue. Prevention of these complications, the foremost goal, is achieved through identification of patient and procedure risk factors, meticulous surgical technique, including vigilance during exposure and retractor placement, and a high index of suspicion both during and after the procedure.
Broadband Antireflective Properties of Inverse Motheye Surfaces (2010)

A new method for synthesizing broadband antireflective (AR) surfaces at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies is demonstrated. The AR surface, we call an inverse motheye, was formed by machining a multi-layer grating of subwavelength circular holes into a non-absorptive dielectric. This created low reflected energies (<; - 30 dB) over reasonably large bandwidths and incidence angles. An optimization algorithm, based on a direct pattern search, integrated with a rigorous electromagnetic model was used to design the grating geometries. Experimental results are provided at Ka-band demonstrating the validity of the method.
Freezing and drying of biological tissues with a toggle‐link helium freezer and an improved freeze‐drying apparatus: Application to neuropeptide immunocytochemistry (1986)

Abstract A freezing apparatus has been developed for bringing blocks of tissue into contact with a block of sapphire chilled to 17°K. A toggle linkage minimizes rebound by slowing the rate of approach of the tissue to the cold surface to a velocity of zero. A glove box limits condensation on the surface of the sapphire, and a miniature moist chamber protects the specimen from drying and premature freezing. About 50 blocks of tissue can be frozen in an hour and a half by using 5 liters of liquid helium. The tissue is then frozendried at controlled temperature, fixed with OsO 4 vapor, and infiltrated with epoxy resin in a simple bench‐top freeze‐drier without breaking vacuum. About two‐thirds of the blocks are useful for electron microscopy. Brain tissue frozen and dried by using these methods retains enough immunoreactivity for enkephalin in plastic sections to permit its detection with immunohistochemistry by using both the light microscope (with immunofluorescence) and the electron microscope (with colloidal gold).
Optical active gallium arsenide cantilever probes for combined scanning near-field optical microscopy and scanning force microscopy (2000)

The fabrication process of a GaAs cantilever probe with an integrated vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) for scanning near-field optical microscopy applications is described. The VCSEL illuminates an aperture in a thin Au/Ge metallization layer at the tip apex. The light emitting aperture serves as a subwavelength light source and thus can be used to reduce the lateral resolution in transmission imaging beyond the far-field diffraction limit. The light beam of the VCSEL emitted to the opposite side is exploited for the detection of the mechanical deflection of the cantilever that additionally facilitates the scanning force microscopy setup.
Errors in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine owing to fat distribution and soft tissue thickness during weight change (1994)

It has previously been shown that the non-uniform distribution of fat leads to errors in the determination of spine bone mineral. If the fat error changes during alterations of weight, conclusions about bone mineral measurements might be compromised. To test this possibility, the distribution of adipose tissue was determined from X-ray CT scans taken for diagnostic purposes from patients whose weight had increased or decreased due to disease or treatment. For AP scanning the change in mean fat thickness over the vertebrae was similar to that in the background area, so that there was little change in fat error and therefore no misinterpretation of bone mineral measurements. Results were more variable for lateral scanning, sufficiently so as to question its validity in this context. The dependence of bone mineral measurements on the soft tissue thickness was investigated with three different makes of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer and four spine models. A complex dependence was found, which varied with the bone mineral density, the thickness, the machine and the model. However, the magnitude of the dependence was not sufficient to falsify the conclusions about changes in bone mineral in two clinical studies in which patients had changed weight.
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease by Diabetes Status (2000)

These results suggest that light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with similar risk reductions in CHD among diabetic and nondiabetic men.
On the Biosynthesis of C<sub>30</sub> Carotenoic Acid Glucosyl Esters in Pseudomonas rhodos. Analysis of car-Mutants (1982)

Abstract car-Mutants of Pseudomonas rhodos were isolated and classified into four types according to their blockage in the biosynthetic pathway. A biosynthetic scheme could be established. Three new structures could be identified (4,4'-diapocarotene-4,4'-dial, 4,4'-diapocarotene-4-al-4'-oic acid, glucosyl-4,4'-diapocarotene-4-oate).