gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Type 1 and Type 2α Receptors Regulate Phosphorylation of Calcium/Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Response Element-Binding Protein and Activation of p42/p44 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (1999)

CRF exerts a key neuroregulatory control on the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. These effects are thought to be mediated primarily through activation of Gs-coupled plasma membrane receptors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of activation of CRF receptors by sauvagine on signaling pathways that converge on phosphorylation of the transcription factor calcium/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Studies were undertaken using CHO cell lines transfected with either rat CRF-1 or CRF-2alpha receptors. Signaling pathways were investigated using immunocytochemical, Western blot, and imaging techniques. Treatment with sauvagine increased phosphorylation of p42/p44, but not of p38 or stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases correlating with increased p42/p44 MAP kinase activity. Mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores was observed in cells treated with high concentrations (100 nM, 1 microM) of sauvagine. A time- and dose-dependent increase in phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB was observed in cultures treated with sauvagine. Phosphorylation of CREB occurred at lower concentrations of sauvagine than those required to mobilize intracellular calcium stores, and phosphorylation was not blocked by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 at a concentration (1 microM) that fully inhibited phosphorylation of MAP kinase. Cotreatment of cultures with the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 (10 microM) blocked fully the stimulatory actions of sauvagine (0.1 nM, 1 nM) on phosphorylation of CREB, but not those on phosphorylation of MAP kinase. Phosphorylation of MAP kinase was partially blocked by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 (5 microM) and by the phosphoinositide-phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 (10 microM). These data demonstrate that cAMP-, Ca2+-, and MAP kinase-dependent signaling pathways are activated by stimulation of CRF-1 and CRF-2alpha receptors. However, in these cells, only protein kinase A-dependent pathways contribute significantly to enhanced phosphorylation of CREB. These represent the first reported observations of CRF receptor-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB and activation of MAP kinase signal transduction pathways.
Essential cis-Acting Elements in Rat Uncoupling Protein Gene Are in an Enhancer Containing a Complex Retinoic Acid Response Domain (1996)

Transgenic mice were generated with a transgene containing the 211-base pair (bp) enhancer and 0.4 kilobase pairs of 5'-flanking DNA of the uncoupling protein (ucp) gene. Expression of this transgene was restricted to brown adipose tissue and was inducible by cold exposure or treatment of transgenic mice by norepinephrine, retinoic acid (RA), or CL-316,243 beta3-adrenoreceptor agonist. A search for retinoic acid response elements in the ucp gene enhancer was undertaken using mutagenesis and transfection of cultured cells with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs. Deletion or mutations of several putative retinoic acid response elements were ineffective. Mutations of a TGAATCA region dramatically decreased the transcriptional activity in the presence of RA. In vitro this region was able to bind a complex containing proteins recognized by antibodies against Jun or Fos. Mutations of an adjacent region related to an inverted repeat of type 2 also markedly decreased RA effect. This region was able to bind in vitro retinoid X receptor alpha and retinoic acid receptor beta. The two regions form an activating region between bp -2421 and -2402 (referred to as the ucp gene-activating region), which has an enhancer activity but cannot confer RA response to a promoter. This response was obtained with a larger DNA fragment (bp -2489 to -2398) constituting a complex RA response domain.
Expanding the Structural Diversity of Self-Assembling Dendrons and Supramolecular Dendrimers via Complex Building Blocks (2007)

The design and synthesis of the first examples of AB4 and AB5 dendritic building blocks with complex architecture are reported. Structural and retrostructural analysis of supramolecular dendrimers self-assembled from hybrid dendrons based on different combinations of AB4 and AB5 building blocks with AB2 and AB3 benzyl ether dendrons demonstrated that none of these new hybrid dendrons exhibit the previously encountered conformations of libraries of benzyl ether dendrons. These hybrid dendrons enabled the discovery of some highly unusual tapered and conical dendrons generated by the intramolecular back-folding of their repeat units and of their apex. The new back-folded tapered dendrons have double thickness and self-assemble into pine-tree-like columns exhibiting a long-range 7/2 helical order. The back-folded conical dendrons self-assemble into spherical dendrimers. Non-back-folded truncated conical dendrons were also discovered. They self-assemble into spherical dendrimers with a less densely packed center. The discovery of dendrons displaying a novel crown-like conformation is also reported. Crown-like dendrons self-assemble into long-range 5/1 helical pyramidal columns. The long-range 7/2 and 5/1 helical structures were established by applying, for the first time, the helical diffraction theory to the analysis of X-ray patterns obtained from oriented fibers of supramolecular dendrimers.
Noncatalytic Ions Direct the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Bacterial Double-Stranded RNA Virus ϕ6 from <i>De Novo</i> Initiation to Elongation (2011)

RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) are key to the replication of RNA viruses. A common divalent cation binding site, distinct from the positions of catalytic ions, has been identified in many viral RdRps. We have applied biochemical, biophysical, and structural approaches to show how the RdRp from bacteriophage ϕ6 uses the bound noncatalytic Mn(2+) to facilitate the displacement of the C-terminal domain during the transition from initiation to elongation. We find that this displacement releases the noncatalytic Mn(2+), which must be replaced for elongation to occur. By inserting a dysfunctional Mg(2+) at this site, we captured two nucleoside triphosphates within the active site in the absence of Watson-Crick base pairing with template and mapped movements of divalent cations during preinitiation. These structures refine the pathway from preinitiation through initiation to elongation for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerization reaction, explain the role of the noncatalytic divalent cation in 6 RdRp, and pinpoint the previously unresolved Mn(2+)-dependent step in replication.
Alleviation of additional phase noise in fiber optical parametric amplifier based signal regenerator (2012)

We theoretically and numerically explain the power saturation and the additional phase noise brought by the fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA). An equation to calculate an approximation to the saturated signal output power is presented. We also propose a scheme for alleviating the phase noise brought by the FOPA at the saturated state. In simulation, by controlling the decisive factor dispersion difference term Δk of the FOPA, amplitude-noise and additional phase noise reduction of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) based on the saturated FOPA is studied, which can provide promising performance to deal with PSK signals.
Development of Vehicle Dynamics Management System for Hybrid Vehicles - ECB System for Improved Environmental and Vehicle Dynamic Performance - (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In anticipation of the increased needs to further reduce exhaust gas emissions and improve fuel consumption, a new brake-by-wire system called an “Electronically Controlled Brake” system (hereafter referred to as “ECB”) has been developed. With this brake system, which is able to smoothly control the hydraulic pressure that is applied to each of the four wheel cylinders on an individual basis, functional enhancements can be added by appropriately modifying its software. This paper discusses the necessity of the ECB, the system configuration, and the results of its application on hybrid vehicles.</div>
Transformation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens protoplasts with plasmid DNA (1988)

A method for efficient polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens protoplasts with plasmid DNA is described. The best conditions found for protoplast regeneration included using 0.45 M sucrose both during the cultivation of the cells and (as an osmotic stabilizer) during their treatment with lysozyme, whereas 0.25 M sodium-succinate was added to the regeneration plates. Under these conditions about 5–10% of input cells regenerated. The highest transformation frequency with plasmid DNA was obtained with a PEG 6000 concentration of 22.5% (w/v). Transforming B. amyloliquefaciens strains with the plasmid pUB110 isolated from B. amyloliquefaciens resulted in 2–4 · 105 transformants/µg DNA, 100–1 000-times as high as with DNA from Bacillus subtilis, suggesting a restriction barrier between the two species. Transformation of B. amyloliquefaciens with plasmids pC194 or pE194 cop-6 gave poor yields and no restriction barrier could be demonstrated for these plasmids. However, by curing pC194 from one of the transformants, a mutant strain compatible to both the plasmids could be isolated, yielding 2–3·104 transformants/µg DNA. Both laboratory and industrial B. amyloliquefaciens strains could be transformed with the procedure.
Post-detection synthetic near field focusing inradar or sonar (1999)

Sequential transmission from the elements of a 2D array, with parallel reception and recording by all, permits major economies in transmitted and irradiating power, and provides significant novel processing options for much improved performance in the face of noise or clutter.
A Ball-Rod Rolling Contact Fatigue Tester (1982)

This paper describes the development of an accelerated rolling contact fatigue tester that minimizes the testing variables through the use of simple, expendable components. The important design features of the tester and the specimen and rolling element finishing technique are described. Test results comparing two similar testers are presented for both steel and ceramic.
Machine learning RF shimming: Prediction by iteratively projected ridge regression (2018)

PIPRR predicted uniform, SAR-efficient RF shims, and could save a large amount of B1+ mapping and computation time in RF-shimmed ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging.
Carboxylate binding in polar solvents using pyridylguanidinium salts (2007)

A series of thiourea and guanidinium derivatives have been prepared and their ability to bind a carboxylate group has been investigated. Guanidinium 33, featuring two additional amides and a pyridine moiety, proved to be the most potent carboxylate binding site and was able to bind acetate in aqueous solvent systems (K(ass) = 480 M(-1) in 30% H(2)O-DMSO). The pyridine moiety is critical to obtaining strong binding, and comparison with the binding properties of analogous compounds in which the pyridine is replaced by a benzene ring provides a striking example of enthalpy-entropy compensation.
Organic reactivity in microemulsion systems (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic reactivity in microemulsion systemsF. M. Menger and A. R. ElringtonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 25, 9621–9624Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00025a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views615Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Phase-regularized polygon computer-generated holograms (2014)

The dark-line defect problem in the conventional polygon computer-generated hologram (CGH) is addressed. To resolve this problem, we clarify the physical origin of the defect and address the concept of phase-regularization. A novel synthesis algorithm for a phase-regularized polygon CGH for generating photorealistic defect-free holographic images is proposed. The optical reconstruction results of the phase-regularized polygon CGHs without the dark-line defects are presented.
Blood-Brain Delivery Methods Using Nanotechnology (2018)

Pathologies of the brain, of which brain cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis, are some of the most prevalent, and that presently are poorly treated due to the difficulties associated with drug development, administration, and targeting to the brain. The existence of the blood-brain barrier, a selective permeability system which acts as a local gateway against circulating foreign substances, represents the key challenge for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. However, the development of nanotechnology-based approaches for brain delivery, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, micelles, and carbon nanotubes, might be the solution for improved brain therapies.
The relation between electrophysiologic channel interaction and electrode pitch ranking in cochlear implant recipients (2006)

The primary goal of this study was to examine the relation between electrophysiologic measures of channel interaction and the ability to discriminate pitch between electrodes in a psychophysical pitch-ranking task. It was hypothesized that cochlear implant recipients should perform better on an electrode pitch-ranking task when using electrodes with less channel interaction as measured with the electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP). The width of the ECAP channel interaction function was compared with the slope of the pitch-ranking function for 10 adult Nucleus 24 recipients. Results showed no significant correlation between electrode pitch-ranking ability and width of the ECAP channel interaction function for individual subjects or for group data. Additionally, there was no significant correlation between speech perception performance and either pitch-ranking ability or width of the ECAP channel interaction function. These results suggest that the width of the ECAP interaction function may not be an accurate predictor of the ability to discriminate between electrodes on the basis of pitch.
Functional overlap between murine Inpp5b and Ocrl1 may explain why deficiency of the murine ortholog for OCRL1 does not cause Lowe syndrome in mice. (1998)

The oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL) is an X-linked human genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, congenital cataracts, and renal tubular dysfunction. The Lowe syndrome gene, OCRL1, encodes a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase in the Golgi complex. The pathogenesis of Lowe syndrome due to deficiency of a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase in the Golgi complex is unknown. We have used targeted disruption in embryonic stem cells to make mice deficient in Ocrl1, the mouse homologue for OCRL1, as an animal model for the disease. Surprisingly, mice deficient in Ocrl1 do not develop the congenital cataracts, renal Fanconi syndrome, or neurological abnormalities seen in the human disorder. We hypothesized that Ocrl1 deficiency is complemented in mice by inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (Inpp5b), an autosomal gene that encodes a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate 5-phosphatase highly homologous to Ocrl1. We created mice deficient in Inpp5b; the mice were viable and fertile without phenotype except for testicular degeneration in males beginning after sexual maturation. We crossed mice deficient in Ocrl1 to mice deficient in Inpp5b. No liveborn mice or embryos lacking both enzymes were found, demonstrating that Ocrl1 and Inpp5b have overlapping functions in mice and suggesting that the lack of phenotype in Ocrl1-deficient mice may be due to compensating Inpp5b function.
Influence of the Vasodilator Drug Isosorbide Dinitrate on Ocular Circulation (1997)

Administration of isosorbide dinitrate reduced SOAP and SOPP, reflecting reduced systemic systolic blood pressure. The decrease in OPA and the product OPA x HR (a measure of pulsatile ocular blood flow) may reflect a reduction in cardiac stroke volume typical for nitrates. Due to these hemodynamic effects and the minute reduction in IOP, the vasodilator drug isosorbide dinitrate, which has been proposed for glaucoma therapy, may be used only with caution in patients with glaucoma.
The Nearly Commensurate Phase and Effect of Harmonics on the Successive Phase Transition in 1T-TaS<sub>2</sub> (1977)

The phase transitions of the charge density wave (CDW) state in 1T-TaS 2 are studied both theoretically and experimentally. The positions and intensities of the fundamental and third-order harmonic of the CDW are determined by X-ray diffraction. In order to understand the successive phase transitions, a theory is presented on the basis of McMillan's free energy. A sufficiently large number of harmonics are taken into account so as to determine the free energy of the incommensurate (I) and the nearly commensurate (NC) phase accurately. The theory explains well not only the magnitude of the observed harmonic but also the first-order transitions between the I-NC and NC commensurate phases. In this connection an explanation is also given for the complicated electron diffraction pattern found by Wilson et al . in the NC phase.
Noise in free-electron laser amplifier (1981)

The equations of the free-electron laser amplifier are generalized to include higher order modes. The density and velocity fluctuations in the entering electron beam cause noise excitation in the amplifier. The electron beam fluctuations have been studied extensively, both theoretically and experimentally, in traveling wave tubes, and hence the well-tested formalism developed for this purpose is conveniently applied to the present problem. It is found that the fluctuations put a severe constraint on the achievable exponential gain in a proposed Raman-type free-electron laser operating at optical frequencies. A <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/\lambda^{3}</tex> scaling law is derived.
Recurrent Filmwise and Dropwise Condensation on a Beetle Mimetic Surface (2014)

Vapor condensation plays a key role in a wide range of industrial applications including power generation, thermal management, water harvesting and desalination. Fast droplet nucleation and efficient droplet departure as well as low interfacial thermal resistance are important factors that determine the thermal performances of condensation; however, these properties have conflicting requirements on the structural roughness and surface chemistry of the condensing surface or condensation modes (e.g., filmwise vs dropwise). Despite intensive efforts over the past few decades, almost all studies have focused on the dropwise condensation enabled by superhydrophobic surfaces. In this work, we report the development of a bioinspired hybrid surface with high wetting contrast that allows for seamless integration of filmwise and dropwise condensation modes. We show that the synergistic cooperation in the observed recurrent condensation modes leads to improvements in all aspects of heat transfer properties including droplet nucleation density, growth rate, and self-removal, as well as overall heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, we propose an analytical model to optimize the surface morphological features for dramatic heat transfer enhancement.
Differential expression of two basement membrane collagen genes, COL4A6 and COL4A5, demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining using peptide-specific monoclonal antibodies. (1995)

Genes for the human alpha 5(IV) and alpha 6(IV) collagen chains have a unique arrangement in that they are colocalized on chromosome Xq22 in a head-to-head fashion and appear to share a common bidirectional promoter. In addition we reported a novel observation that the COL4A6 gene is transcribed from two alternative promoters in a tissue-specific manner (Sugimoto, M., T. Oohashi, and Y. Ninomiya. 1994. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:11679-11683). To know whether the translation products of both genes are colocalized in various tissues, we raised alpha 5(IV) and alpha 6(IV) chain-specific rat monoclonal antibodies against synthetic peptides reflecting sequences near the carboxy terminus of each noncollagenous (NC)1 domain. By Western blotting alpha 6(IV) chain-specific antibody recognized 27-kD monomers and associated dimers of the human type IV collagen NC1 domain, which is the first demonstration of the presence in tissues of the alpha 6(IV) polypeptide as predicted from its cDNA sequence. Immunofluorescence studies using anti-alpha 6(IV) antibody demonstrated that in human adult kidney the alpha 6(IV) chain was never detected in the glomerular basement membrane, whereas the basement membranes of the Bowman's capsules and distal tubules were positive. The staining pattern of the glomerular basement membrane was quite different from that obtained with the anti-alpha 5(IV) peptide antibody. The alpha 5(IV) and alpha 6(IV) chains were colocalized in the basement membrane in the skin, smooth muscle cells, and adipocytes; however, little if any reaction was seen in basement membranes of cardiac muscles and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. Thus, both genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, perhaps due to the unique function of the bidirectional promoter for both genes, which is presumably different from that for COL4A1 and COL4A2.
Edible nuts and metabolic health (2007)

Nuts are densely packaged nutrients with wide-ranging cardiovascular and metabolic benefits, which can be readily incorporated in healthy diets. Their potential role in counteracting obesity and the metabolic syndrome warrants further investigation.
Toward 5G densenets: architectural advances for effective machine-type communications over femtocells (2015)

Ubiquitous, reliable and low-latency machine-type communication, MTC, systems are considered to be value-adds of emerging 5G cellular networks. To meet the technical and economical requirements for exponentially growing MTC traffic, we advocate the use of small cells to handle the massive and dense MTC rollout. We introduce a novel 3GPP-compliant architecture that absorbs the MTC traffic via home evolved NodeBs, allowing us to significantly reduce congestion and overloading of radio access and core networks. A major design challenge has been to deal with the interference to human-type traffic and the large degree of freedom of the system, due to the unplanned deployments of small cells and the enormous amount of MTC devices. Simulation results in terms of MTC access delay, energy consumption, and delivery rate corroborate the superiority of the proposed working architecture.