gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood in saliva of HIV seropositive drug abusers: possible implication in AIDS transmission. (1991)

We have studied hemoglobin concentration in saliva of anti-HIV positive and anti-HIV negative intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) and normal controls and the relationship between hemoglobin concentration in saliva and number of CD4+ cells and clinical status of AIDS in anti-HIV positive IVDA. 120 anti-HIV positive IVDA, 112 anti-HIV negative IVDA and 116 normal healthy subjects not belonging to any risk group for HIV infection completed the study. Saliva was collected at awakening before brushing teeth and the concentration of hemoglobin was determined. Hemoglobin concentration in saliva in basal conditions is higher in anti-HIV positive IVDA with respect to anti-HIV negative IVDA (p less than 0.05) and controls (p less than 0.01). In anti-HIV positive IVDA hemoglobin concentration in saliva is higher in subjects with CD4+ cells less than 200/10(6) l with respect to subjects with CD4+ greater than 200/10(6) l (p less than 0.05) and in subjects with ARC/AIDS with respect to subjects with PGL or who are asymptomatic (p less than 0.01). Subjects with ARC/AIDS have a mean concentration of hemoglobin of 19 micrograms/0.1 ml saliva (range 0-153) which corresponds to 1.3 microliters of blood/ml saliva. If 10 ml of saliva are exchanged during kissing an average of 13 microliters of blood are transferred (110 microliters of whole blood at extreme range). Blood of symptomatic patients has an HIV titer of 7 TCID/microliters which for 10 ml saliva containing an average of 1.3 microliters blood/ml saliva corresponds to an average of 90 TCID (770 TCID at the extreme range).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stimulation of Tight Carbonate Reservoirs Using Acid-in-Diesel Emulsions: Field Application (1998)

Abstract An oil producing well (Well-A) in a carbonate reservoir was dead due to severe formation damage. The well was acidized by regular 15 wt% HCl, but remained dead. A thorough experimental study was conducted to evaluate using acid-in- diesel emulsions, 70 vol% HCl (15 wt%):30 vol% diesel, to stimulate this well which had several tight zones. Experimental results indicated that the acid-in-diesel emulsion was a viscous and non-Newtonian fluid. The thermal stability of the acid decreased as temperature was increased. The stability of emulsified acid also decreased in the presence of reservoir rock. The emulsified acid was found to be compatible with native crude oil and acid additives, except mutual solvents and demulsifiers. The reactivity of the emulsified acid with reservoir rock was slower than that of the 15 wt% HCl by a factor of 45 at 24 C. The reaction rate of the emulsified acid increased as temperature was increased. Coreflood results showed that the emulsified acid formed deep wormholes in tight carbonate cores (&lt; 50 md). At the same acid volume and flow rate, the emulsified acid penetrated deeper into the core compared to the regular acid which caused face dissolution. Permeability ratio (final/initial) of reservoir cores exponentially increased with the acid injection rate. The size and number of the wormholes depended on the acid injection rate. The acid-in-diesel was successfully applied in Well-A using a coiled tubing unit, whereby the well productivity has been increased by several orders of magnitude. After the treatment, a flowmeter test indicated that the percentage production of tight zones has increased by a factor of 2. P. 9
Identification of Small Molecule Ceramide Kinase Inhibitors Using A Homogeneous Chemiluminescence High Throughput Assay (2007)

Lipid kinases have emerged as potentially important therapeutic targets in oncology and inflammation. Ceramide kinase (CERK) is a lipid kinase that catalyzes the formation of ceramide-1-phosphate from ceramide, a sphingolipid that is a key mediator of cellular apoptosis. Ceramide-1-phosphate has been shown to enhance the production of pro-inflammatory eicosonoids, to promote cell proliferation, and potentially to reduce intracellular ceramide levels by inhibition of acidic sphingomyelinases. Here we describe a homogeneous chemiluminescence assay that directly measures the ceramide-dependent ATP depletion by recombinant full-length human CERK. As compared to reported CERK assays that have limitations on compound throughput, the chemiluminescence assay has been miniaturized to a 1,536-well microtiter plate format and utilized to screen an ultra-large compound library (>4 million compounds). Multiple chemical scaffolds have been identified as CERK kinase inhibitors and characterized mechanistically, which to our knowledge represent the first known small molecule CERK inhibitors with nanomolar activities. These compounds can serve as tools to further elucidate the CERK pathway and its role in ceramide metabolism and human diseases.
An Introduction to Modern Econometrics Using Stata (2006)

An Introduction to Modern Econometrics Using Stata, by Christopher F. Baum, successfully bridges the gap between learning econometrics and learning how to use Stata. The book presents a contemporary approach to econometrics, emphasizing the role of method-of-moments estimators, hypothesis testing, and specification analysis while providing practical examples showing how the theory is applied to real datasets using Stata.
Remaining Mysteries of Molecular Biology: The Role of Polyamines in the Cell (2015)

The polyamines (PAs) spermidine, spermine, putrescine and cadaverine are an essential class of metabolites found throughout all kingdoms of life. In this comprehensive review, we discuss their metabolism, their various intracellular functions and their unusual and conserved regulatory features. These include the regulation of translation via upstream open reading frames, the over-reading of stop codons via ribosomal frameshifting, the existence of an antizyme and an antizyme inhibitor, ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation, a complex bi-directional membrane transport system and a unique posttranslational modification-hypusination-that is believed to occur on a single protein only (eIF-5A). Many of these features are broadly conserved indicating that PA metabolism is both concentration critical and evolutionary ancient. When PA metabolism is disrupted, a plethora of cellular processes are affected, including transcription, translation, gene expression regulation, autophagy and stress resistance. As a result, the role of PAs has been associated with cell growth, aging, memory performance, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer. Despite comprehensive studies addressing PAs, a unifying concept to interpret their molecular role is missing. The precise biochemical function of polyamines is thus one of the remaining mysteries of molecular cell biology.
No Single Source, No Simple Solution: Why We Should Broaden Our Perspective of the School-to-Prison-Pipeline and Look to the Court in Redirecting Youth from It (2013)

Common descriptions of the School-to-Prison Pipeline (STPP), a system of policies that push students out of school and into the criminal justice system, identify harsh and unequally applied school discipline practices as the source of the pipeline. In this framework, the court is viewed as the institution solely responsible for the end of the STPP--prison, rather than as a positive influence for youth at-risk of entering the STPP. This viewpoint also fails to take into account additional contributing factors to a youth’s entrance or progression through the STPP. One such contributing factor to the STPP is excessive school absenteeism or truancy. Truancy is a known risk factor for juvenile delinquency and other negative outcomes for youth. By reframing the STPP as a pipeline that is fueled by truancy, stakeholders can better understand that the STPP’s sources are not simply limited to schools. Rather, they encompass the research-identified individual, family, and community factors that also lead to truancy. Further, in understanding that the STPP’s sources are complex and multidimensional, stakeholders can understand that schools alone are not able to disrupt the STPP and that an unexpected partner--the court--is ideal and primed to lead this effort. Acting both within and outside the scope of its traditional role, the court can help redirect youth at-risk of entering or already in the STPP toward success. With support from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation’s Models for Change Initiative, and under the leadership of the Center for Children & Youth Justice, a non-profit organization committed to better systems and lives for children, successful partnerships between courts, schools, and communities have been facilitated in Washington to reduce the number of youth in the STPP by focusing strategically on truancy prevention.
RNase E polypeptides lacking a carboxyl-terminal half suppress a mukB mutation in Escherichia coli (1996)

We have isolated suppressor mutants that suppress temperature-sensitive colony formation and anucleate cell production of a mukB mutation. A linkage group (smbB) of the suppressor mutations is located in the rne/ams/hmp gene encoding the processing endoribonuclease RNase E. All of the rne (smbB) mutants code for truncated RNase E polypeptides lacking a carboxyl-terminal half. The amount of MukB protein was higher in these rne mutants than that in the rne+ strain. These rne mutants grew nearly normally in the mukB+ genetic background. The copy number of plasmid pBR322 in these rne mutants was lower than that in the rne+ isogenic strain. The results suggest that these rne mutations increase the half-lives of mukB mRNA and RNAI of pBR322, the antisense RNA regulating ColE1-type plasmid replication. We have demonstrated that the wild-type RNase E protein bound to polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) but a truncated RNase E polypeptide lacking the C-terminal half did not. We conclude that the C-terminal half of RNase E is not essential for viability but plays an important role for binding with PNPase. RNase E and PNPase of the multiprotein complex presumably cooperate for effective processing and turnover of specific substrates, such as mRNAs and other RNAs in vivo.
The Role of Tape Measure Protein in Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Virus Capsid Assembly (2020)

Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) are a group of large viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, from animals to protists. These viruses are grouped together in NCLDV based on genomic sequence analyses. They share a set of essential genes for virion morphogenesis and replication. Most NCLDVs generally have large physical sizes while their morphologies vary in different families, such as icosahedral, brick, or oval shape, raising the question of the possible regulatory factor on their morphogenesis. The capsids of icosahedral NCLDVs are assembled from small building blocks, named capsomers, which are the trimeric form of the major capsid proteins. Note that the capsids of immature poxvirus are spherical even though they are assembled from capsomers that share high structural conservation with those icosahedral NCLDVs. The recently published high resolution structure of NCLDVs, <i>Paramecium bursaria</i> Chlorella virus 1 and African swine fever virus, described the intensive network of minor capsid proteins that are located underneath the capsomers. Among these minor proteins is the elongated tape measure protein (TmP) that spans from one icosahedral fivefold vertex to another. In this study, we focused on the critical roles that TmP plays in the assembly of icosahedral NCLDV capsids, answering a question raised in a previously proposed spiral mechanism. Interestingly, basic local alignment search on the TmPs showed no significant hits in poxviruses, which might be the factor that differentiates poxviruses and icosahedral NCLDVs in their morphogenesis.
Temperature Aware Scheduling for Embedded Processors (2009)

Power density has been increasing at an alarming rate in recent processor generations resulting in high on-chip temperature. Higher temperature results in poor reliability and increased leakage current. In this paper, we propose a temperature aware scheduling technique in the context of embedded multi-tasking systems. We observe that there is a high variability in the thermal properties of different embedded applications. We design temperature-aware scheduling (TAS) scheme that exploits this variability to maintain the system temperature below a desired level while satisfying a number of requirements such as throughput, fairness and real time constraints. Moreover, TAS enables exploration of the tradeoffs between throughput and fairness in temperature-constrained systems. Compared against standard schedulers with reactive hardware-level thermal management, TAS provides better throughput with negligible impact on fairness.
Essential role of STAT3 for embryonic stem cell pluripotency (1999)

Propagation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro requires exogenous leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or related cytokines. Potential downstream effectors of the LIF signal in ES cells include kinases of the Src, Jak, and mitogen-activated protein families and the signal transducer and transcriptional activator STAT3. Activation of nuclear STAT3 and the ability of ES cells to grow as undifferentiated clones were monitored during LIF withdrawal. A correlation was found between levels of STAT3 activity and maintenance of an undifferentiated phenotype at clonal density. In contrast, variation in STAT3 activity did not affect cell proliferation. The requirement for STAT3 was analyzed by targeted mutagenesis in ES cell lines exhibiting different degrees of LIF dependency. An insertional mutation was devised that abrogated Stat3 gene expression but could be reversed by Cre recombination-mediated excision. ES cells heterozygous for the Stat3 mutation could be isolated only from E14 cells, the line least dependent on LIF for self-renewal. Targeted clones isolated from other ES cell lines were invariably trisomic for chromosome 11, which carries the Stat3 locus, and retained normal levels of activated STAT3. Cre-regulated reduction of Stat3 gene copy number in targeted, euploid E14 clones resulted in dose-dependent losses of STAT3 activity and the efficiency of self-renewal without commensurate changes in cell cycle progression. These results demonstrate an essential role for a critical amount of STAT3 in the maintenance of an undifferentiated ES cell phenotype.
Mode control of cryogenic whispering-gallery mode sapphire dielectric-ring resonators (1994)

This paper presents a technique for solving the mode purity problem that exists in cryogenic microwave frequency discriminators using X-band sapphire whispering-gallery mode resonators. The sapphire cavity resonates in a pair of quasi-degenerate modes split by a few kHz due to small geometrical imperfections. Since the nature and location of the geometrical imperfections are difficult to determine, variable coupling of the modes to a fixed output port results. Resonator applications require reproducible coupling to only one of these modes. This objective can be achieved by adding a larger dominant perturbation to the resonator. Results of tests show that a noncircularly-symmetric sapphire piece suspended above the resonator can provide controllable mode coupling and simultaneous frequency tuning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real-Time Detection of Ionospheric Scintillations and Potential Applications (2008)

One of the most important characteristics of any regional
or global satellite navigation system providing integrity is
the monitoring of the signals broadcast by the satellites by
means of a network of stations and its propagation effects.
Integrity implies the provision of timely alerts to the
users, preventing them from the use of signals from
satellites not working within the specifications. For most
applications, users must receive these alerts in the order of
a few seconds; consequently the analysis of the quality of
the broadcast signals and the propagation effects has to be
done in real-time.
In the frame of the Galileo design, a new algorithmic
approach for analyzing in real-time the carrier phase
behavior in terms of measurement noise and stability has
been established as part of the development of the IPF
(Integrity Processing Facility), which is the element of the
GMS (Ground Mission Segment) design and developed
by GMV in charge of the computation of Galileo integrity
message. One important source of degradation in the
quality of the carrier phase measurements are the
scintillations observed under strong ionospheric
conditions. Such scintillations cause an increase in the
number of cycle slips and a decrease in the Signal-to-
Noise Ratio (SNR). In this context, the definition of a new
algorithm aimed at detecting degraded ionospheric
conditions has been imperative to improve the Galileo
availability for users near the magnetic equator or near the
poles and also to enhance the integrity monitoring, which
would be strongly penalized if carrier phase
measurements degraded by the presence of scintillations
were not used by the integrity algorithms.
The performances of the new algorithm have been tested
under both nominal and degraded ionospheric conditions
by processing real GPS data from a set of IGS
(International GNSS Service) sensor stations worldwide
distributed. In view of the obtained results, it can be
confirmed that the new approach not only allows
detecting and repairing cycle slips with high accuracy in
nominal conditions, but also improves the robustness of
the algorithm by detecting strong scintillations conditions
in order to avoid using carrier phase measurements until
the situation is recovered.
The objective here is thus twofold: provide a description
of the algorithms defined for the real-time repair of cycle
slips and detection of scintillations, including the
theoretical modeling and covariance analysis; and present
the test campaign with real GPS data, together with the
most relevant results.
Effects of Transport at Weaning on the Behavior, Physiology and Performance of Pigs (2014)

Transport of pigs to separate production facilities at the time of weaning is a common practice, primarily performed to reduce vertical transfer of disease and enhance production and overall farm efficiency. During transport, pigs are exposed to numerous stressors in conjunction with the stress experienced as a result of weaning. In this review, the behavioral and physiological response of pigs experiencing weaning and transport simultaneously will be described, including the effects of space allowance, season and transport duration. Based on the scientific literature, the gaps in the knowledge regarding potential welfare issues are discussed. Changes in behavior and physiology suggest that weaned pigs may experience stress due to transport. Space allowance, season and duration are aspects of transport that can have a marked impact on these responses. To date, the literature regarding the effects of transport on weaned pigs has primarily focused on the short term stress response and little is known about the effects of concurrent weaning and transport on other aspects of pig welfare including morbidity and mortality rates. Greater understanding of the short and long term consequences of transport on weaned pig welfare particularly in relation to factors such as trip duration, provision of feed and water, and best handling practices would benefit the swine industry. Furthermore, the development of guidelines and recommendations to enhance the short and long term welfare of weaned pigs in relation to transport are needed.
Prison Management System Based On RFID Technology (2006)

This article summarizes conception and principle of RFID,briefly introduces hardware system, implement methods,functions and characteristics of the prison management system; then, introduces software and working flow of the system; at last indicates that RFID can improve working efficiency in prison.
Continuous methane concentration measurements at the Greenland ice sheet–atmosphere interface using a low-cost, low-power metal oxide sensor system (2020)

Abstract. In this paper, the performance of a low-cost and low-power methane (CH4) sensing system prototype based on a metal oxide sensor (MOS) sensitive to CH4 is tested in a natural CH4-emitting environment at the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). We investigate if the MOS could be used as a supplementary measurement technique for monitoring CH4 emissions from the GrIS with the scope of setting up a CH4 monitoring network along the GrIS. The performance of the MOS is evaluated on the basis of simultaneous measurements using a cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) reference instrument for CH4 over a field calibration period of approximately 100 h. Results from the field calibration period show that CH4 concentrations measured with the MOS are in very good agreement with the reference CRDS. The absolute concentration difference between the MOS and the CRDS reference values within the measured concentration range of approximately 2–100 ppm CH4 was generally lower than 5 ppm CH4, while the relative concentration deviations between the MOS and the CRDS were generally below 10 %. The calculated root-mean-square error (RMSE) for the entire field calibration period was 1.69 ppm (n=37 140). The results confirm that low-cost and low-power MOSs can be effectively used for atmospheric CH4 measurements under stable water vapor conditions. The primary scientific importance of the study is that it provides a clear example of how the application of low-cost technology can enhance our future understanding on the climatic feedbacks from the cryosphere to the atmosphere.
Atherosclerosis in premenopausal women with antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: a controlled study (2003)

Premenopausal APS and SLE women have an increased prevalence of carotid and femoral plaque that is not accounted for by other predictors of atherosclerosis, including age, lipid parameters and cumulative steroid dose.
Silicon Antisite in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">H</mml:mi></mml:math>SiC (2001)

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum with C(3V) symmetry and a spin S = 1/2 has been observed in p-type, electron-irradiated 4H SiC. Based on the observed 29Si hyperfine structures it is suggested that the defect is the isolated silicon antisite (Si(C)). The spin S = 1/2 and the observation of the defect only in p-type material suggest that the Si(C) is in the positive-charge state. A strong temperature dependence of the g value and hyperfine coupling constant of the Si(C)(+) center indicates a considerable lattice relaxation in the vicinity of the defect.