gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Coated with Nitrogen Ligands (2014)

The synthesis of copper nanoparticles was studied by wet chemical methods using copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O) and nitrogen ligands allylamine (AAm) and polyallylamine (PAAm) as stabilizers. The results suggest that the use of these ligands leads to the exclusive formation of metallic copper nanoparticles (Cu‐NPs). The use of partially crosslinked polyallylamine (PAAmc) leads to nanoparticles (NPs) with low yields and high coating content, while linear PAAm leads to NPs with high yields and low coating content. The chemical composition of the particles was determined by XRD and average particle diameters were determined by the Debye‐Scherrer equation. TGA analysis provided evidence of the content and thermal stability of the coating on the nanoparticles and PAAm. The morphology, particle size distribution, and presence of PAAm coating were observed through TEM. The use of AAm in the synthesis of NPs could be a good alternative to reduce costs. By using TGA, TEM, and DSC techniques, it was determined that synthesized NPs with AAm presented a coating with similar characteristics to NPs with PAAm, suggesting that AAm underwent polymerization during the synthesis.
Optimizing Dynamic Interactions between a Cardiac Patch and Inflammatory Host Cells (2011)

Damaged heart muscle has only a minimal ability for regeneration following myocardial infarction in which cardiomyocytes are lost to ischemia. The most clinically promising approach to regeneration of cardiac muscle currently under investigation is that of injecting cardiogenic repair cells or implanting a preformed tissue-engineered patch. While major advances are being made in the derivation of functional human cardiomyocytes and the development of tissue-engineering modalities for cardiac repair, the host environment into which the repair cells are placed is largely overlooked. Within seconds of myocardial ischemia, hypoxia sets in in the myocardium and the inflammatory response starts, characterized by rapid deployment of circulating cells and the release of paracrine and autocrine signals. Therefore, the inflammatory conditions under which these interactions take place, the design of the scaffold material used, and the maturity of the implanted cells will determine the outcomes of any stem cell-based therapy. We discuss here the interactions between implanted and inflammatory cells of the host, which are critical for the design of effective heart repair therapies.
Growth and structural characterization of embedded InAsSb on GaAs-coated patterned silicon by molecular beam epitaxy (1991)

The molecular beam epitaxial growth of InAsSb on GaAs-coated patterned Si substrates is reported. The epilayers are grown embedded in wells so a coplanar Si-InAsSb surface can be obtained. The InAsSb epilayer morphology is compared for different substrate conditions (Si−well, Si−mesa, GaAs) using Nomarski contrast microscopy. High-voltage electron microscopy shows that the threading defect density of the InAsSb layers is high but decreases with thickness. In the reduced area electron diffraction pattern of the GaAs-InAsSb interface, additional diffraction spots are visible due to microtwins in the InAsSb. High-resolution electron microscopy reveals a regular array of misfit dislocations relieving the 14.2% lattice mismatch in the early stage of growth. Stripping Hall measurements for InAs0.05Sb0.95 show a constant mobility as a function of depth for the top 2 μm of the film and the 300 and 77 K mobility values are comparable.
Measuring skin temperature before, during and after exercise: a comparison of thermocouples and infrared thermography (2014)

Measuring skin temperature (TSK) provides important information about the complex thermal control system and could be interesting when carrying out studies about thermoregulation. The most common method to record TSK involves thermocouples at specific locations; however, the use of infrared thermal imaging (IRT) has increased. The two methods use different physical processes to measure TSK, and each has advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the mean skin temperature (MTSK) measurements using thermocouples and IRT in three different situations: pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise. Analysis of the residual scores in Bland-Altman plots showed poor agreement between the MTSK obtained using thermocouples and those using IRT. The averaged error was -0.75 °C during pre-exercise, 1.22 °C during exercise and -1.16 °C during post-exercise, and the reliability between the methods was low in the pre- (ICC = 0.75 [0.12 to 0.93]), during (ICC = 0.49 [-0.80 to 0.85]) and post-exercise (ICC = 0.35 [-1.22 to 0.81] conditions. Thus, there is poor correlation between the values of MTSK measured by thermocouples and IRT pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise, and low reliability between the two forms of measurement.
Self-assembly of clay nanotubes on hair surface for medical and cosmetic formulations (2018)

While most hair care formulations are developed on the basis of surfactants or polymers, we introduce self-assembly coating of micro and nanoparticles as the underlying principle for hair modification, protection and enhancement. Halloysite clay nanotubes formed by rolled sheets of aluminosilicate kaolin assemble on the surface of hair forming a robust multilayer coverage. Prior to the application, clay nanotubes were loaded with selected dyes or drug allowing for hair coloring or medical treatment. This facile process is based on a 3-minute application of 1 wt% aqueous dispersion of color/drug loaded halloysite resulting in a ca. 3 μm thick uniform hair surface coating. This technique, which employs a very safe, biocompatible and inexpensive material, is ubiquitous with respect to the species of source of hair and additives in solvent, making it viable as an excipient for conventional medical and veterinarian formulations.
Engineering Description of the Electro Data Digital Computer (1955)

The operation of the ElectroData digital computer, control console, input-output equipment, and power units is described. The chief logical components are described in detail and the characteristics of some circuits are given, with a description of logical operation. Basic design decisions are stated.
Mechanisms of beta-receptor stimulation-induced improvement of acute lung injury and pulmonary edema. (2004)

Acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome are complex syndromes because both inflammatory and coagulation cascades cause lung injury. Transport of salt and water, repair and remodeling of the lung, apoptosis, and necrosis are additional important mechanisms of injury. Alveolar edema is cleared by active transport of salt and water from the alveoli into the lung interstitium by complex cellular mechanisms. Beta-2 agonists act on the cellular mechanisms of pulmonary edema clearance as well as other pathways relevant to repair in ALI. Numerous studies suggest that the beneficial effects of beta-2 agonists in ALI include at least enhanced fluid clearance from the alveolar space, anti-inflammatory actions, and bronchodilation. The purposes of the present review are to consider the effects of beta agonists on three mechanisms of improvement of lung injury: edema clearance, anti-inflammatory effects, and bronchodilation. This update reviews specifically the evidence on the effects of beta-2 agonists in human ALI and in models of ALI. The available evidence suggests that beta-2 agonists may be efficacious therapy in ALI. Further randomized controlled trials of beta agonists in pulmonary edema and in acute lung injury are necessary.
Conductance through graphene bends and polygons (2008)

We investigate the transmission of electrons between conducting nanoribbon leads oriented at multiples of $60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ with respect to one another, connected either directly or through graphene polygons. A mode-matching analysis suggests that the transmission at low energies is sensitive to the precise way in which the ribbons are joined. Most strikingly, we find that armchair leads forming $120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ angles can support either a large transmission or a highly suppressed transmission, depending on the specific geometry. Tight-binding calculations demonstrate the effects in detail and are also used to study transmission at higher energies as well as for zigzag ribbon leads.
Optical pulse compression in 1.5µm wavelength region using large-positive-dispersion fibre and grating pair (1988)

Optical pulse compression at 1.5 µm has been conducted. 20 ps (FWHM) optical pulses from a Tl: KCl-colour-centre laser were compressed into pedestal-free 1.2 ps pulses using a large-positive-dispersion fibre and a grating pair. In addition, 280 fs pulses were obtained from the resultant 1.2ps through the soliton compression effect in a negative-dispersion fibre.
Carbon Nanotube Nucleated Polymer Crystallization (2005)

Abstract Crystallinity studies were performed on carbon nanotube‐doped Poly(m‐phenylenevinylene‐co‐2,5‐dioctyloxy‐p‐phenylenevinylene) (PmPV) and Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVOH). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of the composites verified that carbon nanotubes nucleate polymer crystallization.
Ferromagnetic Resonance Line Width in Yttrium Iron Garnet Single Crystals (1958)

A study of ferromagnetic resonance line width in polished, single-crystal spheres of yttrium iron garnet is described. Wave-guide cavity perturbation techniques are used with samples 0.013 in. to 0.020 in. in diameter. An extremely narrow line width of 520 millioersteds (the full width) is observed at 9300 Mc/sec along the hard axis [100]. It is believed this is the narrowest resonance line yet reported on ferromagnetic materials. The line width is shown to be strongly influenced by the sample surface, with the line narrowing by over a factor of twenty as the polishing proceeds.The line width at 3000 Mc/sec on the same sample is 530 millioersteds. The approximate invariance of the line width for more than a three-to-one change in frequency is compared with the predictions of some recent theories of ferromagnetic resonance line width. The invariance of line width with frequency is also used to conclude that $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\omega}$ and ${T}_{2}$ in the Landau-Lifshitz and Bloch-Bloembergen equations of motion, respectively, are approximately constant over this frequency range.
Nucleotide sequence and<i>in vitro</i>expression of rubella virus 24S subgenomic messenger RNA encoding the structural proteins E<sub>1</sub>, E<sub>2</sub>, and C (1987)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the 24S subgenomic mRNA of wild-type M33 strain rubella virus has been determined. This RNA is 3,383 nucleotides in length excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tract. After the three multiple in-phase termination codons clustered in the 5' terminus of this RNA, there are 81 nucleotides of nontranslated nucleic acid followed by a reading frame of 2,978 nucleotides that encodes the 110 kD precursor of the structural proteins. The 3'-untranslated region is 263 nucleotides. The 110 kD polyprotein is processed to produce nucleocapsid C, the glycoproteins E2 and E1 in that order. Sites of post-translational cleavage to produce E2 and E1 were located using available N-terminal amino acid sequences. RNAs synthesized by transcription in vitro are effective messengers in the rabbit reticulocyte cell-free translation system. Post-translational processing of the structural proteins was observed in the cell-free system supplemented with microsomes from dog pancreas.
Colonic Response to Pentazocine (1974)

The effects of pentazocine on colonic motor activity were studied in five normal subjects, five patients with irritable bowel syndrome, and five patients with diverticular disease. The drug decreased intraluminal colonic pressures in all patients but one. Since morphine, which increases intraluminal colonic pressures, is contraindicated in patients with abdominal pain of colonic origin (diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome), we suggest that pentazocine may be a useful drug in such cases.
Antitumoural action of L-733,060 on neuroblastoma and glioma cell lines. (2004)

We have performed an in vitro study of the growth-inhibitory capacity of the potent and long-acting NK1 receptor antagonist L-733,060, at concentrations ranging from 2.5 microM to 20 microM, against the neuroblastoma cell line SKN-BE(2) and 10 microM to 25 microM for glioma cell line GAMG. Coulter counter was used to determine viable cell numbers, followed by application of the tetrazolium compound [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium], inner salt colorimetric method to evaluate cell viability in this cytotoxicity assay. L-733,060 inhibited the growth of the two cell lines studied in a dose-dependent manner. The IC 50 values were 11.6 microM (30h) and 10.2 microM (72h) for SKN-BE(2); and 21.3 microM (48h) and 19.9 microM (96h) for GAMG. These findings indicate that the NK1 receptor antagonist L-733,060 acts as a broad-spectrum antitumoural agent. This new action, reported here for the first time, suggests that the NK1 receptor antagonist L-733,060 could be a promising therapeutic drug for the treatment of human neuroblastoma and human glioma.
Antibiotics produced by Bacillus licheniformis: A Practical Chemically Defined Medium for Production of Licheniformin (1949)

SUMMARY: The production of licheniformin-like antibacterial activity in culture by a single strain of Bacillus licheniformis required neutral or alkaline conditions, conveniently attained by the use of lactate rather than glucose as a source of carbon in a chemically defined medium. When the medium contained initially about 0·04–0·10 % nitrogen, supplied as asparagine or as ammonium lactate, and the cultures, harvested after 4–9 days at 37°, were sterilized by bringing to pH 2·5 and autoclaving, the inhibitory dilution against a test strain of Mycobacterium phlei was 1/160 or greater. Fluid from cultures in a chemically defined medium, containing 0·06 m ammonium lactate and 0·05 m sodium lactate, inhibited the test organism at a dilution of 1/200–1200 (geometric mean, 530) in 44 consecutive batches of 100–200 1. culture fluid produced by incubation of cultures in shallow layers. The pH value of the harvested fluid was about 9 and the antibiotic material was partly bound by the cells. It was largely freed by adjustment to pH 2·5. When amino-acids were added to the medium either as a mixture of known amino-acids, or as a casein hydrolysate. the maximum titre was attained earlier, but with no significant change in its value. A similar result was obtained with yeast extract added alone or with casein hydrolysate.
Slotted circular microstrip patch antenna application in strain based structural health monitoring (2011)

In this paper, the effect of a rectangular slot on the sensitivity of circular microstrip patch antenna strain sensors is investigated. Theoretical studies, experimental tests, and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) show that circular microstrip patch antennas are capable to detect and measure strain. A slotted circular microstrip patch antenna could increase the sensitivity of the antenna sensor three-fold. In order to investigate the effect of slot in the patch antenna both FEA and experimental tests are considered. Antenna sensor is tested under 3-Point bend test and simulated using two established proprietary packages. The effect of aluminium and carbon fibre materials and direction of bending on sensitivity of the antenna sensor is also investigated. Based on the results obtained, the antenna sensor can be recommended for use in structural health monitoring for strain-based damage detection in aerospace structures.
Threat Modeling in Pervasive Computing Paradigm (2008)

This paper presents the threat modeling approach for pervasive environment's security. In pervasive computing, a user might be part of various security domains at any particular instant of time having various authentication mechanisms and different privileges in different security domains. A number of threat modeling approaches and methods have been defined in literature and are in use. However, because of the nature of the pervasive computing and ubiquitous networks, these approaches do not handle the inherent security problems and perspective of pervasive computing. The paper examines in detail the threat modeling and analysis approaches being developed at Microsoft and other methods used for threat modeling. The paper present a novel approach for addressing the threat modeling in pervasive computing and presents the model for threat modeling and risk analysis in pervasive environment.
The Wnt Signaling Pathway as a Potential Target for Therapies to Enhance Bone Repair (2010)

The development of new technologies to enhance skeletal healing after fracture or surgery is an important goal of musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. Although the bone morphogenetic proteins have shown some efficacy in this area, there is a need for more effective and less expensive therapies for bone repair and regeneration. A recent report demonstrating that Wnt signaling could be used to stimulate bone healing may provide a new direction for designing anabolic therapies for the skeleton. The identification of human phenotypes demonstrating robust bone formation as a result of mutations in Wnt signaling provides a strong basis for pursuing this area of investigation.
Coronary artery injection technique: A quantitative in vivo investigation using modern catheters (1998)

To date, there have been no quantitative in vivo assessments of contrast volumes and injection rates using modern high flow catheters during coronary angiography. Contrast volumes (n = 554), injection durations (n = 563), and injection rates (n = 498) were collected during 88 cardiac catheterizations. With increasing cathetersize (6, 7, and 8 French), injection volume increased (P < 0.0001), duration decreased (P < 0.0001), and rate increased (P < 0.0001). Compared with injections into the right coronary artery, left coronary artery injections were larger (7.1 ± 0.1 cc vs. 4.8 ± 0.1 cc, p < 0.0001), longer (3.6 ± 0.05 sec vs 3.0 ± 0.07 sec, P < 0.0001) and faster (2.1 ± 0.04 cc/sec vs. 1.7 ± 0.06 cc/sec, P < 0.0001). Patients with a significant stenosis in the left main or proximal right coronary artery received less contrast (P < 0.0001) more slowly (P < 0.0001) over a similar duration of injection (P = NS). When collaterals arose from the injected artery, angiographers injected more contrast (P < 0.001) over a longer period (P < 0.0001) more slowly (P < 0.0001). Catheter size and the injected vessel's location and anatomy significantly affect coronary catheterization injection technique. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 44:34-39, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Affinity Versus Label‐Free Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells: Who Wins? (2016)

The study of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been made possible by many technological advances in their isolation. Their isolation has seen many fronts, but each technology brings forth a new set of challenges to overcome. Microfluidics has been a key player in the capture of CTCs and their downstream analysis, with the aim of shedding light into their clinical application in cancer and metastasis. Researchers have taken diverging paths to isolate such cells from blood, ranging from affinity-based isolation targeting surface antigens expressed on CTCs, to label-free isolation taking advantage of the size differences between CTCs and other blood cells. For both major groups, many microfluidic technologies have reported high sensitivity and specificity for capturing CTCs. However, the question remains as to the superiority among these two isolation techniques, specifically to identify different CTC populations. This review highlights the key aspects of affinity and label-free microfluidic CTC technologies, and discusses which of these two would be the highest benefactor for the study of CTCs.
Clinical Trials for the Future: What Can Be Done by Young Clinical Investigators in Japan? (1999)

A well designed clinical trial will provide useful information for therapeutic decision making and have a significant role in the accumulation of evidence, upon which clinicians can base daily medical practice. Thus, clinical trials are extremely important in evidencebased medicine. The goals of this discussion were to review the systemic problems in clinical research faced in Japan, and to propose actions to facilitate clinical trials that would provide evidence to benefit not only the Japanese society but also the patients worldwide. Japan lags behind European countries and the United States as far as the quantity and quality of clinical trials. Unfortunately, not many large clinical trials with true endpoint have been conducted in Japan. Japanese physicians have relied greatly upon the outcomes from clinical researches conduced in foreign countries. It must be clearly emphasized, however, that some clinical trials from foreign countries should be carefully interpreted when they are introduced into medical practice in one's particular community. Not only the differences in the epidemiological backgrounds or disease structures between races, but also those in medical environments including medical culture and economy may have a significant impact on the interpretation of the results of clinical trials. The discussion focused on the necessity of original clinical trials in Japan.
Recombinant antibodies for cancer therapy (2008)

Greater understanding of the molecular basis of cancer has led to improved antibodies and a greater selection of targets. Fine tuning of successful antibodies through modification of glycosylation, affinity, size and other parameters are paying dividends. Fc-engineering is likely to be predominant in the near future but conjugates, fragments and fusion proteins will continue to be developed and find their place in the arsenal of antibody therapeutics.
MAC Protocols With Wake-Up Radio for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review (2016)

The use of a low-power wake-up radio in wireless sensor networks is considered in this paper, where relevant medium access control solutions are studied. A variety of asynchronous wake-up MAC protocols have been proposed in the literature, which take advantage of integrating a second radio to the main one for waking it up. However, a complete and a comprehensive survey particularly on these protocols is missing in the literature. This paper aims at filling this gap, proposing a relevant taxonomy, and providing deep analysis and discussions. From both perspectives of energy efficiency and latency reduction, as well as their operation principles, state-of-the-art wake-up MAC protocols are grouped into three main categories: (1) duty cycled wake-up MAC protocols; (2) non-cycled wake-up protocols; and (3) path reservation wake-up protocols. The first category includes two subcategories: (1) static wake-up protocols versus (2) traffic adaptive wake-up protocols. Non-cycled wake-up MAC protocols are again divided into two classes: (1) always-on wake-up protocol and (2) radio-triggered wake-up protocols. The latter is in turn split into two subclasses: (1) passive wake-up MAC protocols versus (2) ultra low power active wake-up MAC protocols. Two schemes could be identified for the last category, (1) broadcast based wake-up versus (2) addressing based wake-up. All these classes are discussed and analyzed in this paper, and canonical protocols are investigated following the proposed taxonomy.
INFLUENCE OF GROWTH FACTORS ON SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH OVARIAN CANCER (2021)

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