gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tie2 activation promotes choriocapillary regeneration for alleviating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (2019)

Choriocapillary loss is a major cause of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NV-AMD). Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade for NV-AMD has shown beneficial outcomes, unmet medical needs for patients refractory or tachyphylactic to anti-VEGF therapy exist. In addition, the treatment could exacerbate choriocapillary rarefaction, necessitating advanced treatment for fundamental recovery from NV-AMD. In this study, Tie2 activation by angiopoietin-2-binding and Tie2-activating antibody (ABTAA) presents a therapeutic strategy for NV-AMD. Conditional <i>Tie2</i> deletion impeded choriocapillary maintenance, rendering eyes susceptible to NV-AMD development. Moreover, in a NV-AMD mouse model, ABTAA not only suppressed choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and vascular leakage but also regenerated the choriocapillaris and relieved hypoxia. Conversely, VEGF blockade degenerated the choriocapillaris and exacerbated hypoxia, although it suppressed CNV and vascular leakage. Together, we establish that angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling is critical for choriocapillary maintenance and that ABTAA represents an alternative, combinative therapeutic strategy for NV-AMD by alleviating anti-VEGF adverse effects.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific immune responses are generated with the simultaneous vaccination of a gp120-depleted, whole-killed HIV-1 immunogen with cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine dinucleotide immunostimulatory sequences of DNA. (2001)

These results suggest that the simultaneous administration of the ISS in the HIV-1 in IFA emulsion may be a condidate for testing in non-human primates and in human studies as a therapeutic and preventative vaccine.
Photoluminescence Up-Conversion in Single Self-Assembled<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>InAs</mml:mi><mml:mi>/</mml:mi><mml:mi>GaAs</mml:mi></mml:math>Quantum Dots (2001)

Microphotoluminescence measurements under cw excitation reveal the existence of a strong photoluminescence up-conversion from single InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots and also from the InAs wetting layer. Excitation spectroscopy of the up-converted photoluminescence signal shows identical features from the wetting layer and the single quantum dots, i.e., a band tail coming from the deep states localized at the rough interfaces of the wetting layer quantum well. This observation of photoluminescence up-conversion demonstrates the influence on the quantum dot properties of the environment, and highlights the limitations of the artificial atom model for a semiconductor quantum dot.
Synthesis of Novel Spin-Labeled Photoaffinity Derivatives of NAD+ and ATP and Their Characterization as Coenzymes and Substrates of Several Enzymes (1996)

The synthesis of an NAD+ derivative (2-N3-N6-SL-NAD+) and the corresponding ATP analog (2-N3-N6-SL-ATP) is described, where a spin label (SL) (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-yloxy radical, tempamine) is attached to the N6-position and an azido function to the C2-atom of the adenine ring. Both compounds were shown to be active coenzymes or substrates for various enzymes and could be covalently incorporated into the enzymes upon irradiation (photoaffinity labeling). In complex with the appropriate enzymes, the compounds exhibited ESR spectra typical for highly immobilized, enzyme-bound radicals. The starting compound in both cases was 2,6-dichloro-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine. Through the synthesis of 2-N3-N6-SL-AMP, a general intermediate is presented for the synthesis of a variety of nucleotides that have substitutions at the N6- and the 2-position of the adenine-moiety.
Production of Galacto-manno-oligosaccharides from Guar Gum by β-Mannanase from <i>Penicillium oxalicum</i> SO (2006)

Beta-mannanase from Penicillium oxalicum SO efficiently hydrolyzed guar galactomannan to galacto-manno-oligosaccharides. Gel filtration estimated the molecular weight of the beta-mannanase as 35 000 and SDS-PAGE as 29 000. The optimum pH was around 5 while a stable pH was reached in the range of 3-6. Optimum temperature was around 60 degrees C at pH 5, while under 60 degrees C activity was stable. HPLC analysis detected oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (DP) of 2 to 7 and 2 to 6 released on hydrolysis of guar and locust bean gums, respectively; about 92% of the released sugars were oligosaccharides. In analysis of the sugar distribution on MALDI-TOF-MS, major products of DP 6 and 7 and DP 5 and 6 were confirmed in hydrolysates of guar gum and locust bean gum, respectively. One of the main oligosaccharides released from guar gum, with DP 7, had a high galactose content (Gal/Man = 0.76) and corresponded to a blockwise galactose-substituted mannan type in galactomannan.
The protective effect of estrogen against chemically induced murine colon carcinogenesis is associated with decreased CpG island methylation and increased mRNA and protein expression of the colonic vitamin D receptor. (1999)

Epidemiological studies suggest that estrogen prevents neoplastic transformation in the intestinal mucosa. Estrogen was shown to increase the expression of vitamin D receptors (VDR) in a variety of tissues. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] and several of its analogues are known as potent antineoplastic and prodifferentiative in many cell types, including colon-derived cells. The present study was designed to examine the effect of estradiol (E2) on dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in rats, and the possibility that E2 may exert its protective effect on the colon through modulation of the vitamin D-endocrine system. The in vivo effect of E2 on DMH-induced colorectal cancer was studied in four groups of ovariectomized female rats: (I) untreated control, (II) E2 treated, (III) DMH treated, and (IV) combined E2 and DMH treated. Significantly higher uterine weights and higher colonic estrogen receptor content confirmed the effectiveness of ovariectomy and E2 replacement. The number of malignant tumors in group IV was 2.3+/-1.1 (mean +/- SE) per rat, compared with 8.1+/-1.9 in group III (P < 0.001). Exposure to estrogen was associated with a marked increase in VDR mRNA content and VDR protein expression in the normal colonic mucosa. In tumor extracts VDR protein expression was considerably lower compared with normal mucosa. Estrogen treatment did not affect serum levels of 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, and PTH. Significant CpG island methylation in the VDR gene was observed in colonic tissue DNA harvested from rats treated with DMH, but not in colonic mucosae from rats treated with DMH + E2. The highest frequency of CpG methylation in the VDR gene was detected in DNA extracted from cancer tissue rims. In summary, the protective effect of estrogen against chemically induced colonic carcinogenesis is associated with reduced methylation of the VDR gene and with upregulation of both VDR gene transcription and protein expression. We suggest that estrogen may interfere with the process of CpG DNA methylation in the colonic mucosa to prevent silencing of the VDR gene. Increased VDR activity could be one of the mechanisms by which estrogen protects against neoplastic transformation in the colon.
Role of Treg in immune regulation of allergic diseases (2010)

Allergy is a Th2-mediated disease that involves the formation of specific IgE antibodies against innocuous environmental substances. The prevalence of allergic diseases has dramatically increased over the past decades, affecting up to 30% of the population in industrialized countries. The understanding of mechanisms underlying allergic diseases as well as those operating in non-allergic healthy responses and allergen-specific immunotherapy has experienced exciting advances over the past 15 years. Studies in healthy non-atopic individuals and several clinical trials of allergen-specific immunotherapy have demonstrated that the induction of a tolerant state in peripheral T cells represent a key step in healthy immune responses to allergens. Both naturally occurring thymus-derived CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg and inducible type 1 Treg inhibit the development of allergy via several mechanisms, including suppression of other effector Th1, Th2, Th17 cells; suppression of eosinophils, mast cells and basophils; Ab isotype change from IgE to IgG4; suppression of inflammatory DC; and suppression of inflammatory cell migration to tissues. The identification of the molecules involved in these processes will contribute to the development of more efficient and safer treatment modalities.
A perturbation-free replay platform for cross-optimized multithreaded applications (2002)

Development of multithreaded applications is particularly tricky because of their non-deterministic execution behaviors. Tools that support the debugging and performance timing of such applications are needed. Key to the construction of such tools is the ability to repeat the nondeterministic execution behavior of a multithreaded application. A clean separation between the application and the system that runs it facilitates supporting that ability. This paper presents a platform for constructing such tools in a context in which any separation between the application and the underlying system (and between both and the platform's own instrumentation code) has been obscured. DejaVu supports deterministic replay of nondeterministic executions of multithreaded Java programs on the Jalapeno virtual machine (running on a uniprocessor). Jalapeno is written in Java and its optimizing compiler regularly integrates application, virtual machine, and DejaVu instrumentation code into unified machine-code sequences. DejaVu ensures deterministic replay through symmetric instrumentation-side-effect identical instrumentation in both record and replay modes-and remote reflection which exposes the state of an application without perturbing it.
<title>CIVIS sensor: a flexible smart imager with programmable resolution</title> (1994)

For time-critical industrial machine vision applications, a dedicated imager has been developed. The camera can be programmed to operate in several resolutions, by binning the signal charges of neighboring pixels on the sensor plane itself. Additionally the readout window was made programmable and an electronic shutter function was implemented. This square 256 X 256 imager was fabricated in a standard 1.5 micrometers CMOS technology. The readout occurs in two phases. After transferring in parallel a row of charges to 256 charge sensitive amplifiers, these signals are coupled to a single output amplifier. By controlling the sequence of addresses and reset pulses of the amplifiers, charges of different pixels are accumulated. This way multiple resolutions can be programmed. The imager is operated at data rates up to 10 MHz providing about 125 full images per second. At lower resolution, even higher frame rates are obtained. The signal to noise ratio is about 35 dB. This paper reports on the fixed pattern noise, response, speed and smear behavior of this imager.
Audio-based queries for video retrieval over Java enabled mobile devices (2006)

In this paper we propose a generic framework for efficient retrieval of audiovisual media based on its audio content. This framework is implemented in a client-server architecture where the client application is developed in Java to be platform independent whereas the server application is implemented for the PC platform. The client application adapts to the characteristics of the mobile device where it runs such as screen size and commands. The entire framework is designed to take advantage of the high-level segmentation and classification of audio content to improve speed and accuracy of audio-based media retrieval. Therefore, the primary objective of this framework is to provide an adaptive basis for performing efficient video retrieval operations based on the audio content and types (i.e. speech, music, fuzzy and silence). Experimental results approve that such an audio based video retrieval scheme can be used from mobile devices to search and retrieve video clips efficiently over wireless networks.
Block-Wise Digital Signal Processing for PolMux QAM/PSK Optical Coherent Systems (2011)

In polarization multiplexing based coherent optical transmission, two main kinds of impairements have to be counter-acted: 1) the inter-symbol interference generated by the chromatic dispersion and the polarization mode dispersion and 2) the frequency offset. Usually adaptive approaches are carried out to mitigate them. Since the channel is very slowly time-varying, we propose to combat these impairements by using block-wise methods. Therefore, we introduce two new algorithms: the first one is a block-wise version of blind time equalizer (such as CMA), and the second one estimates the frequency offset in block-wise way. These algorithms are suitable for PSK and QAM constellations. By simulation investigations, we show that they outperform the standard approach in terms of convergence speed only at a moderate expense of computational load. We also experimentally evaluate their performance using 8-PSK real data traces and off-line processing which takes into account other physical impairments such as phase noise and non-linear effects.
Hydrodynamic Flow Confinement Technology in Microfluidic Perfusion Devices (2012)

Hydrodynamically confined flow device technology is a young research area with high practical application potential in surface processing, assay development, and in various areas of single cell research. Several variants have been developed, and most recently, theoretical and conceptual studies, as well as fully developed automated systems, were presented. In this article we review concepts, fabrication strategies, and application areas of hydrodynamically confined flow (HCF) devices.
Ceramic ferroelectric field effect studies (1969)

The ferroelectric field effect has been observed in a semiconducting thin film of n-type tin oxide deposited on a ferroelectric lead zirconate-titanate ceramic substrate. The semiconductor was deposited by electron gun evaporation onto a thermally depolarized (randomly oriented) substrate which permitted the carrier concentration of the film to be enhanced or depleted depending on the direction of polarization of the substrate. Typical average resistivity values of 200-Å films are approximately 0.1 Ω.cm for the depoled state, 0.01 Ω.cm for the enhanced state, and 100-1000 Ω.cm for the depleted state. "On"-"off" ratios as high as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.7 \times 10^{5}</tex> have been observed in a single device. The transition from enhancement to depletion is quasi-continuous due to the small size and random orientation of the individual crystallites in the ceramic. Conductance measurements during this transition have yielded field effect mobilities in the range 7-10 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V.s; and maximum average carrier densities in the range 0.5-1.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> carriers/cm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> . The tin oxide-ceramic devices described here suffer from the long-term drift that is characteristic of many field effect devices. The resistivity of a device stored in the depleted state will decrease from 3 to 4 orders of magnitude in times between 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> minutes.
<title>Patterned submicrometer-thick optical polarizing films using stretched silver island multilayers</title> (2000)

We demonstrate a patterned submicrometer-thick optical polarizing film in which non-polarizing areas are formed where the light transmits insensitively to polarization. The polarizing film is fabricated by stretching a silver island multilayer consisting of thin glass layers and silver island layers composed of silver nanoclusters of high density. By stretching the silver island multilayer at a temperature higher than the glass annealing point, the silver islands are elongated along the stretching direction and the large optical anisotropy is induced in the silver island multilayer. In this optical polarizing film, the non- polarizing areas can be easily formed by laser irradiation with high power density as the optical anisotorpy is reduce das the elongated silver islands become spherical ones from the thermal deformation in the irradiated area. We have successfully patterned the optical polarizing films fabricated for the wavelength of 800 nm by laser writing with a 1 W-class carbon dioxide laser. In order to confirm that the optical anisotropy is reduced in the laser written are, the optical characteristics of that area have been measured. In most commercially available optical polarizers including a polarization beam splitter and various polarizing prisms, it is difficult to form the transparent non-polarizing areas. Therefore, the demonstrated patterned optical polarizing films are useful for switchable spatial modulators and filters.
Antigenic relationship between the animal and human pathogen Pythium insidiosum and nonpathogenic Pythium species (1987)

Identification of the newly named pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum and its differentiation from other Pythium species by morphologic criteria alone can be difficult and time-consuming. Antigenic analysis by fluorescent-antibody and immunodiffusion precipitin techniques demonstrated that the P. insidiosum isolates that cause pythiosis in dogs, horses, and humans are identical and that they were distinguishable from other Pythium species by these means. The immunologic data agreed with the morphologic data. This indicated that the animal and human isolates belonged to a single species, P. insidiosum. Fluorescent-antibody and immunodiffusion reagents were developed for the specific identification of P. insidiosum.
Requirement for Transforming Growth Factor β1 in Controlling T Cell Apoptosis (2001)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, a potent immunoregulatory molecule, was found to control the life and death decisions of T lymphocytes. Both thymic and peripheral T cell apoptosis was increased in mice lacking TGF-beta1 (TGF-beta1(-/-)) compared with wild-type littermates. Engagement of the T cell receptor enhanced this aberrant T cell apoptosis, as did signaling through either the death receptor Fas or the tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor in peripheral T cells. Strikingly, TGF-beta was localized within the mitochondria of normal T cells, and the absence of TGF-beta1 resulted in disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)), which marks the point of no return in a cell condemned to die. This TGF-beta-dependent regulation of viability appears dissociable from the TGF-beta1 membrane receptor-Smad3 signaling pathway, but associated with a mitochondrial antiapoptotic protein Bcl-XL. Thus, TGF-beta1 may protect T cells at multiple sites in the death pathway, particularly by maintaining the essential integrity of mitochondria. These findings may have broad implications not only for T cell selection and death in immune responses and in the generation of tolerance, but also for defining the mechanisms of programmed cell death in general.
Interferometric Star Tracking (1974)

A new star-tracking technique based on interferometry is described and analyzed in detail. A heuristic comparison is made with traditional star-tracking methods that demonstrates several advantages in the interferometric approach for very high accuracy systems. A detailed error analysis is performed on several versions of the system that use all solid-state detection. One such system is shown to have a potential accuracy of +/-0.01 sec of arc using a small optical system and state-of-the-art components. Applications of the new system in large orbiting astronomical observatories and deep space laser communications systems are also discussed.
Effect of Mg and Zr co-doping on piezoelectric AlN thin films for bulk acoustic wave resonators (2014)

This paper reports the crystal structures and piezoelectric properties of Mg and Zr co-doped AlN (MgZr-doped AlN) thin films. MgZr-doped AlN thin films on Si (100) substrates were fabricated by using a radio-frequency magnetron reactive cosputtering system. The relations between dopant concentration and the crystal structures measured by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and the piezoelectric constant d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> measured with a piezometer were investigated. Up to total Mg and Zr concentrations of 34.8 at%, the MgZr-doped AlN films maintained the c-axis-oriented wurtzite structure and were likely formed by substituting Mg and Zr atoms into Al atom sites. The d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> of the MgZr-doped AlN with a total Mg and Zr concentration (Mg + Zr) of 34.8 at% was about three times that of pure AlN. The experimental results on the relation between total Mg and Zr concentration and the crystal structure and the d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> were in close agreement with the results of first-principles calculations. Finally, thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators (FBARs) that used MgZr-doped AlN as a piezoelectric thin film were fabricated and compared with the AlN-based FBAR. A total Mg and Zr concentration of 13 at% was found to improve the electromechanical coupling coefficient of AlN from 7.1% (for pure AlN) to 8.5%. The results from this study suggest that the MgZr-doped AlN films have potential as piezoelectric thin films for wideband and high-frequency RF applications.
Composing lineage metadata with XML for custom satellite-derived data products (2004)

As peer-to-peer dissemination of custom data products evolves among Earth science research groups, investigators and data managers must consider how to compose appropriate metadata for their research computing activities. Because workflows may span multiple groups, it is critical that lineage (provenance) metadata also be assembled to document and preserve the origins and processing history of constituent data products and transformations for future data consumers. To demonstrate methods for composing lineage metadata for custom processing, we introduce our terminology for workflow and employ a case study for the creation of satellite-derived ocean color data products. Our example contributes to a general metadata model for workflow that incorporates lineage. We then discuss metadata requirements for remote sensing-related data products. We propose two techniques for composing lineage metadata, both based on accessory XML metadata documents that are paired with the data products and versioned data transformations they describe. The first technique, implemented as a prototype, features a dedicated lineage server that introduces the indirection and flexibility necessary for Web-based lineage navigation. The second, more promising technique involves defining a simple Resource Description Framework (RDF) vocabulary for lineage metadata, and using extant RDF/XML tools for query and navigation. These methods provide guidelines for composing lineage metadata that are applicable to other domains.