gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 28 GHz LNA using defected ground structure for 5G application (2018)

Abstract In this article, a defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed to replace the inductor placed between common source and common gate stage in cascode low‐noise amplifier (LNA), leading to silicon area reducing as well as good internal matching condition. For verification, a 28 GHz three‐stage cascode LNA with DGS is designed and implemented in a 130‐nm CMOS technology. The fabricated prototype achieves a peak gain of 20 dB and minimum noise figure of 5.2 dB. The LNA occupies small silicon area of only 0.12 mm 2 excluding testing pads, and it draws a current of 16 mA from a 1.5 V supply voltage.
Self-consistent dissipative particle dynamics algorithm (1998)

We propose an implementation of dissipative particle dynamics that is free of the inconsistencies that plagued earlier algorithms. The present algorithm satisfies a form of microscopic reversibility. As a consequence, we recover the correct equilibrium properties. Moreover, we can use much larger time steps than previously. We report a detailed comparison between simulated transport properties and the theoretical predictions. We find that the existing theory is only valid under very special conditions. A more general theory is still lacking.
Impact of Workplace Bullying on Job Performance and Job Stress (2018)

Bullying at workplace is a very serious issue and can be found in every other organization. The actions of bullying could be very obvious or discreet and the people who are victimized by workplace bullying can strike them in numerous ways. This research is focused on the impact of workplace bullying on job performance and job stress. A total of 250 employees of 6 private banks of Lahore, Pakistan took part in this study and facts were examined through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The results clearly depict the significant relationship between workplace bullying and job stress, while the relationship between the workplace bulling and job performance is subtle. Furthermore, this research paper also provides the findings, conclusion and recommendations for future researchers.
Dietary copper supplementation reverses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy induced by chronic pressure overload in mice (2007)

Sustained pressure overload causes cardiac hypertrophy and the transition to heart failure. We show here that dietary supplementation with physiologically relevant levels of copper (Cu) reverses preestablished hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by pressure overload induced by ascending aortic constriction in a mouse model. The reversal occurs in the continued presence of pressure overload. Sustained pressure overload leads to decreases in cardiac Cu and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels along with suppression of myocardial angiogenesis. Cu supplementation replenishes cardiac Cu, increases VEGF, and promotes angiogenesis. Systemic administration of anti-VEGF antibody blunts Cu regression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In cultured human cardiomyocytes, Cu chelation blocks insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1- or Cu-stimulated VEGF expression, which is relieved by addition of excess Cu. Both IGF-1 and Cu activate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and HIF-1alpha gene silencing blocks IGF-1- or Cu-stimulated VEGF expression. HIF-1alpha coimmunoprecipitates with a Cu chaperone for superoxide dismutase-1 (CCS), and gene silencing of CCS, but not superoxide dismutase-1, prevents IGF-1- or Cu-induced HIF-1alpha activation and VEGF expression. Therefore, dietary Cu supplementation improves the condition of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at least in part through CCS-mediated HIF-1alpha activation of VEGF expression and angiogenesis.
Internal differentiation of rare-element pegmatites; A synthesis of recent research (1990)

The processes leading to the generation of pegmatite fabrics and rare-element ore deposits are evaluated in terms of pressure, temperature, and compositions of fluids through the combination of recent field, fluid inclusion, and experimental data. The results indicate that primary consolidation of miarolitic and massive rare-element (Li-Be-Ta) pegmatites occurs in the range of 700° to 450°C at 400 to 250 MPa. The model for pegmatite genesis proposed here involves disequilibrium crystallization of quartz and feldspars in a hydrous melt-crystal system that approaches chemical equilibrium but rarely attains it. Fluxing anionic components of boron, phosphorus, and fluorine are not essential to this model, but augment the zoning process by promoting expansion of the liquidus fields of quartz and K-silicates (feldspar and mica) and by driving residual melt toward alkaline, Na-rich compositions enriched in lithophile trace elements. Aqueous vapor, if present, may have a nominal affect on primary zonation and fabric development within pegmatites. Various lines of evidence suggest that rare-element pegmatites may not become vapor saturated until they approach solidus conditions, at which point internal retrograde recrystallization and wall-rock alteration occur. Recent experiments have succeeded in replicating most aspects of pegmatite geology, including fractionation trends, mineral fabrics, and spatial zonation, at vapor-undersaturated conditions.
Comparison of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride‐loaded protein, lipid, and chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery (2007)

The aim of the present study was to develop single dose delivery systems based on nanotechnology for prolonged antibiotic release in a controlled manner. Five different drug-carrier ratios of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-loaded nanoparticles of albumin, gelatin, chitosan (CS), and lipid [solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)] were prepared and characterized. Average particle size was found to be in the range of 73 +/- 2 to 98 +/- 44 nm for SLNs, 140 +/- 7 to 175 +/- 24 nm for albumin nanoparticles, 143 +/- 18 to 184 +/- 27 nm for gelatin nanoparticles, and 247 +/- 48 to 322 +/- 52 nm for CS nanoparticles. A drug-to-carrier ratio of 0.5:1 was preferred for CS nanoparticles having zeta potential of >20 mV and drug encapsulation of 35.01% +/- 2.66%. Similarly, 0.6:1 ratio was preferred for albumin nanoparticles with zeta potential >16 mV and drug encapsulation 48.20% +/- 3.01%. Zeta potentials of gelatin nanoparticles loaded with ciprofloxacin suggested that they were unstable and prone to flocculation. SLN with 0.25:1 drug carrier ratio showed 38.71% +/- 2.38% drug entrapment and -28 +/- 1 mV surface charge. All the nanoparticles showed sustained drug release avoiding "burst effect" of the free drugs for up to 120 h for albumin nanoparticles, 96 h for CS and gelatin nanoparticles, and 80 h for SLNs. The drug release profiles followed Higuchi model. Results suggest that CS nanoparticles and SLNs can act as promising carriers for sustained ciprofloxacin release in infective conditions.
Methods for generating addressable focus cues in stereoscopic displays (2010)

Conventional stereoscopic displays present a pair of stereoscopic images on a single and fixed image plane decoupled with the vergence and accommodation responses of the viewer. In consequence, these displays lack the capability of correctly rendering focus cues (i.e. accommodation and retinal blur) and may induce the discrepancy between accommodation and convergence. A number of visual artifacts associated with incorrect focus cues in stereoscopic displays have been reported, limiting the applicability of these displays for demanding applications and daily usage. In this dissertation, methods and apparatus for generating addressable focus cues in conventional stereoscopic displays are proposed. Focus cues can be addressed throughout a volumetric space, either through dynamically varying the focal distance of a display enabled by an active optical element or by multiplexing a stack of 2-D image planes. Optimal depth-weighted fusing functions are developed to fuse a number of discrete image planes into a seamless volumetric space with continuous and near-correct focus cues similar to the real world counterparts. The optical design, driving methodology, and prototype implementation of the addressable focus displays are presented and discussed. Experimental results demonstrate continuously addressable focus cues from infinity to as close as the near eye distance. Experiments to further evaluate the depth perception in the display prototype are conducted. Preliminary results suggest that the perceived distance and accommodative response of the viewer match with the addressable accommodation cues rendered by the display, approximating the real-world viewing condition.
Normalized Euclidean distance matrices for human motion retargeting (2017)

In character animation, it is often the case that motions created or captured on a specific morphology need to be reused on characters having a different morphology while maintaining specific relationships such as body contacts or spatial relationships between body parts. This process, called motion retargeting, requires determining which body part relationships are important in a given animation. This paper presents a novel frame-based approach to motion retargeting which relies on a normalized representation of body joints distances. We propose to abstract postures by computing all the inter-joint distances of each animation frame and store them in Euclidean Distance Matrices (EDMs). They 1) present the benefits of capturing all the subtle relationships between body parts, 2) can be adapted through a normalization process to create a morphology-independent distance-based representation, and 3) can be used to efficiently compute retargeted joint positions best satisfying newly computed distances. We demonstrate that normalized EDMs can be efficiently applied to a different skeletal morphology by using a Distance Geometry Problem (DGP) approach, and present results on a selection of motions and skeletal morphologies. Our approach opens the door to a new formulation of motion retargeting problems, solely based on a normalized distance representation.
Adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using copper oxide nanostructures (2013)

Various morphologies of CuO nanostructures (oval, cluster, leaves, small rod, porus nanosheets) have been synthesized by novel simple method using microwave radiation. The produced CuO nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis technique (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface area analyzer (BET) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The ability of CuO nanostructures as adsorbent was investigated for adsorptive removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Various physico–chemical parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, and equilibrium contact time were studied. The optimum solution pH for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was found to be 6.5 and the optimum contact time was found to be 4 h. The adsorption isotherms were obtained using concentrations of the metal ions ranging from 100 to 300 mg/l. The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics, as well as Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The maximum capacity of oval, cluster, leaves, small rod and porus nanosheets CuO nanostructures for Pb2+ are 125, 116, 117, 120 and 115 mg/g. This study revealed that CuO nano structures was an effective adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.
Respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibody responses in immunoglobulin A and E isotypes to the F and G proteins and to intact virus after natural infection (1989)

We studied the antibody response to the fusion (F) and attachment (G) proteins of respiratory syncytial virus and to purified intact virus in the respiratory secretions of 29 infants and children. The goal of the study was to determine whether the immune response to either of the glycoproteins occurred predominantly in the immunoglobulin A (IgA) as opposed to the IgE isotype, which would indicate that one protein subunit would be a better candidate as a potential vaccine. Antibody responses were determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with purified F and G proteins and sucrose gradient-purified intact virus as targets. Infants and children were capable of developing an antibody response in both the IgA and IgE isotypes to each target antigen. The magnitude of the antibody response to the F protein was essentially similar to that to the intact virus, while responses to the G protein were diminished in infants. A slightly more favorable ratio of IgA to IgE responses was observed against the F protein in comparison to the G protein. While neither protein subunit had the ideal characteristics of inducing an IgA response in the absence of an IgE response, the F protein seems to be a better candidate for use as a vaccine, on the basis of better IgA/IgE ratios.
Direct Growth of γ-Glycine from Neutral Aqueous Solutions by Slow, Evaporation-Driven Crystallization (2006)

This study reports the selective growth of γ-glycine crystals via concentrating microdroplets of aqueous glycine solutions through slow evaporation of water using an evaporation-based crystallization platform. In prior studies, γ-glycine crystals could only be obtained from non-neutral pH solutions, by applying electromagnetic fields, or in the presence of impurities that suppress the formation of the kinetically favored α-glycine polymorph. Here in our work, pure γ-glycine crystals form below a certain rate of evaporation (i.e. below a certain rate of supersaturation). Below this rate the crystallizing solution stays close to equilibrium throughout the evaporating process, allowing the system to sample the lowest free energy state during the formation of nuclei. These results point to the interplay of kinetic and thermodynamic effects on selective crystallization of different polymorphs. Polymorphic analysis was performed by examining all samples as randomized polycrystalline particles. The resulting multiframe diffraction patterns were combined to generate a single powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) spectrum of each sample. In comparison to traditional powder diffraction methods, the quantitative polymorphic analysis procedure reported here eliminates the need to mechanically grind crystalline material, thereby avoiding the potential for undesired polymorphic transformations prior to data collection.
Combining 3D printing and printable electronics (2012)

A platform that enables the integration of conductive traces and printed three dimensional mechanical structures has been developed. We discuss the development of the platform and address issues that arise when combining 3D printing and printable electronics. We demonstrate a rapid prototyped three dimensional conductive trace and propose future applications for the platform.
[FLT3 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia]. (2017)

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), a class III tyrosine kinase receptor, plays an important role in the pro- liferation, survival, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Approximately 30% of pa- tients with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) harbor FLT3 mutations. The most frequent FLT3 mutations are internal tandem duplications (ITDs) in the juxtamembrane domain. FLT3-ITD mutations cause ligand-independent dimerization of FLT3 and the constitutive activation of its downstream signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT, A4APK/ERK, and STAT5, leading to dysregulated cellular prolifera- tion. The relapse risk of CN-AML patients with FLT3-ITD is higher and the overall survival (OS) of such patients is shorter than those of patients with wild-type FLT3. Recently genome-wide studies with next-generation sequencing have suggested that mutational combinations of genes related to signal transduction, transcription, splicing, cancer suppressors, and epigenetics contribute to the pathogenesis of AML. These mutations including FLT3-ITD may be prognostic factors facilitating the risk stratification for CN-AML. The point mutations D835/I836 in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) are detected in 5-7% of AML patients. The clinical relevance of these FLT3-TKD mutations remains unclear. FLT3-TKD mutations are detected even in patients treated with FLT3 inhibitors as secondary mutations, suggesting that the mutations are as- sociated with the resistance. Therefore, the detection of these mutations might provide us with the opportunity to consider appropriate treatment for patients. The molecular abnormalities in AML patients give us insights into the pathology of AML and clinically significant information required for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions. [Review].
Identification of polystyrene nanoparticle penetration across intact skin barrier as rare event at sites of focal particle aggregations (2017)

The question whether nanoparticles can cross the skin barrier is highly debated. Even in intact skin rare events of deeper penetration have been reported, but technical limitations and possible artifacts require careful interpretation. In this study, horizontal scanning by 2-photon microscopy (2 PM) of full-thickness human skin samples placed in a lateral position yielded highly informative images for skin penetration studies of fluorescently tagged nanoparticles. Scanning of large fields of view allowed for detailed information on interfollicular and follicular penetration in tissue blocks without damaging the sample. Images in histomorphological correlation showed that 2P-excited fluorescence signals of fluorescently tagged 20 and 200 nm polystyrene nanoparticles preferentially accumulated in the stratum corneum (SC) and in the upper part of vellus hair follicles (HFs). Rare events of deeper penetration in the SC and in the infundibulum of vellus HFs were observed at sites of high focal particle aggregations. Wide-field 2 PM allows for imaging of nanoparticle penetration in large tissue blocks, whereas total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) enables selective detection of individual nanoparticles as well as clusters of nanoparticles in the SC and within the epidermal layer directly beneath the SC, thus confirming barrier crossing with high sensitivity.
Micrografting techniques for testing long‐distance signalling in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2002)

Grafting in species other than Arabidopsis has generated persuasive evidence for long-distance signals involved in many plant processes, including regulation of flowering time and shoot branching. Hitherto, such approaches in Arabidopsis have been hampered by the lack of suitable grafting techniques. Here, a range of micrografting methods for young Arabidopsis seedlings are described. The simplest configuration was a single-hypocotyl graft, constructed with or without a supporting collar, allowing tests of root-shoot communication. More complex two-shoot grafts were also constructed, enabling tests of shoot-shoot communication. Integrity of grafts and absence of adventitious roots on scions were assessed using plants constitutively expressing a GUS gene as one graft partner. Using the max1 (more axillary growth) and max3 increased branching mutants, it was shown that a wild-type (WT) rootstock was able to inhibit rosette branching of mutant shoots. In two-shoot grafts with max1 and WT shoots on a max1 rootstock, the mutant shoot branched profusely, but the WT one did not. In two-shoot grafts with max1 and WT shoots on a WT rootstock, neither shoot exhibited increased branching. The results mirror those previously demonstrated in equivalent grafting experiments with the ramosus mutants in pea, and are consistent with the concept that a branching signal is capable of moving from root to shoot, but not from shoot to shoot. These grafting procedures will be valuable for revealing genes associated with many other long-distance signalling pathways, including flowering, systemic resistance and abiotic stress responses.
Isolation and extraction of target microbes using thermal sol-gel transformation (2003)

We developed a novel separation method for random screening of target microorganisms from a large heterogeneous population by using a local viscosity control. A thermal sol-gel transformation material is mixed with the sample liquid and we controlled the state from sol to gel and gel to sol reversibly based on the temperature change controlled by heating of the microelectrode with the electric current and focused laser irradiation near the target. The selected microorganisms are fixed on the bottom plate by gel, since the viscosity around the target is temporally increased by the local heating by the focused laser. The other objects are easily washed away by the cleaning flow in the microchamber. Process of fixation, cleaning, isolation and extraction of the target microbe was possible in very short time. Based on this method, two separation systems are developed and basic experimental results of fixation and isolation of targets are shown.
Short range UHF telemetry system using passive transponders for vehicle ID and status information (2003)

An electronic tag and reader system using modulated backscatter at 915 MHz or 2450 MHz is described which has a reading range from several centimeters to tens of meters, reads a 128 bit message in 30 ms, can read tags in motion, and discriminates between tags in the field of view by proximity. It is concluded that this electronic ID system can now be used for the automatic identification of vehicles. This system uses high-frequency RF signals to read remotely an electronically coded ID or other message from a tag mounted to the vehicle (or any other object to be identified), whether the vehicle is stationary or moving. It has been tested on trucks, railway cars, intermodal containers, and automobiles to perform quickly, inexpensively, and reliably tasks that until now were done by human operators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human Albumin Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke (2001)

Moderate-dose albumin therapy markedly improves neurological function and reduces infarction volume and brain swelling, even when treatment is delayed up to 4 hours after onset of ischemia.
Analytical and FEM design of autotransformer with phase shifting capability by Intermediate Voltage variation (2016)

Electrical power system grid voltages are decided by generators and connected load on it. Autotransformers are widely used to control interconnecting grid voltage under variable load operations. This autotransformer does not allow any change of phase angle between High Voltage (HV) and Intermediate Voltage (IV). Due to this limitation normally another phase shifting transformer (PST) is used in power system network. This paper addresses above issue by describing and validating design of an autotransformer having phase angle control between HV and IV with IV variation. This novel hybrid transformer can perform a function of autotransformer and PST without compromising the performance, also saves cost and space requirement. Active power flow over line can be managed by controlling phase angle between sending and receiving end voltages. A finite element method (FEM) is used to compute leakage reactance, core loss, stray loss and thermal analysis. Analytical calculation of leakage reactance is verified by finite element (FE) based magneto static, eddy current solver and circuit approach. A core loss of transformer is computed in three dimensional (3-D) FEM transient solvers for three different core materials and compared with analytical results. Placement of magnetic shunt for reduction of stray loss is carried out in 3-D FEM eddy current solver. The analytical and FEM design results shows very good agreement.
CMOS drive circuit for opto-electronic readout of image sensors (2003)

The author describes a CMOS circuit designed to provide DC and low-frequency pulsed drive current for semiconductor vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under development at the US Army Research Laboratory. The circuit is the unit cell of an 8/spl times/8 element array that has been interfaced with a matched laser array. The author qualitatively discusses unit cell operation, provides circuit equations from his DC analysis, and shows experimental results.