gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Customer Management and the Value of One-to-One Marketing (2009)

The concept of one-to-one marketing is intuitively appealing, but there is little research that investigates the value of individual-level marketing relative to segment-level or mass marketing. In this paper, we investigate the financial benefits of and computational challenges involved in one-to-one marketing. The analysis uses data from an online grocery and drug retailer. Like many retailers, this firm uses multiple promotional instruments including discount coupons, free shipping offers, and a loyalty program. We investigate the impact of customizing these promotions on the two most important consumer decisions: the decision to buy from the store and expenditure. Our modeling approach accounts for two sources of heterogeneity in consumers' responsiveness to various marketing mix elements: cross-sectional differences across consumers and temporal differences within consumers based on the purchase cycle. The model parameter estimates are fed into a dynamic programming model that determines the optimal number, sequence, and timing of promotions to maximize retailer profits. A series of policy simulations show that customizing promotions leads to a significant increase in profits relative to the firm's current practice of uniform promotions. However, the effectiveness of various promotions varies because of both cross-sectional differences in consumers as well within consumer heterogeneity due to purchase cycle factors. For instance, we find that free shipping tends to be the preferred instrument for re-acquiring lapsed customers, whereas an across-the-board price cut (via a discount coupon) is the most effective tool for managing the segment of most active customers. Interestingly, we find that customizing based on within-customer temporal heterogeneity contributes more to profitability than exploiting variations across consumers. This is important because the computational burden of implementing the dynamic optimization to account for cross-sectional heterogeneity is far greater than accounting for temporal heterogeneity. Furthermore, targeting promotions based only on timing rather than the nature and magnitude of the offers across consumers alleviates the public relations risks of price discrimination. Implications for marketing managers are also discussed.
Transmission line fault location for single-phase-to-earth fault on non-direct-ground neutral system (1998)

A new method for locating single-phase-to-earth faults on the transmission line of nondirect ground neutral power systems is presented. The method employs the faulted phase network and zero-sequence network as the fault location models. It effectively eliminates the effect of load and fault resistance on the accuracy of fault location. The technique embodies an accurate location by measuring only one local end data. The method is used in a procedure that provides the automatic determination of faulted line and phase, rather than requires engineer to specify them. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the algorithm under the condition of earth fault.
SWI-SNF-Mediated Nucleosome Remodeling: Role of Histone Octamer Mobility in the Persistence of the Remodeled State (2000)

SWI-SNF is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex that disrupts DNA-histone interactions. Several studies of SWI-SNF activity on mononucleosome substrates have suggested that remodeling leads to novel, accessible nucleosomes which persist in the absence of continuous ATP hydrolysis. In contrast, we have reported that SWI-SNF-dependent remodeling of nucleosomal arrays is rapidly reversed after removal of ATP. One possibility is that these contrasting results are due to the different assays used; alternatively, the lability of the SWI-SNF-remodeled state might be different on mononucleosomes versus nucleosomal arrays. To investigate these possibilities, we use a coupled SWI-SNF remodeling-restriction enzyme assay to directly compare the remodeling of mononucleosome and nucleosomal array substrates. We find that SWI-SNF action causes a mobilization of histone octamers for both the mononucleosome and nucleosomal array substrates, and these changes in nucleosome positioning persist in the absence of continued ATP hydrolysis or SWI-SNF binding. In the case of mononucleosomes, the histone octamers accumulate at the DNA ends even in the presence of continued ATP hydrolysis. On nucleosomal arrays, SWI-SNF and ATP lead to a more dynamic state where nucleosomes appear to be constantly redistributed and restriction enzyme sites throughout the array have increased accessibility. This random positioning of nucleosomes within the array persists after removal of ATP, but inactivation of SWI-SNF is accompanied by an increased occlusion of many restriction enzyme sites. Our results also indicate that remodeling of mononucleosomes or nucleosomal arrays does not lead to an accumulation of novel nucleosomes that maintain an accessible state in the absence of continuous ATP hydrolysis.
Polyacrylonitrile/polyaniline core/shell nanofiber mat for removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution: mechanism and applications (2013)

Polyacrylonitrile/polyaniline core/shell nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning followed by in situ polymerization of aniline. Nanofibers with different morphology were obtained by changing the polymerization temperature. When used as absorbent for Cr(VI) ions, the core/shell nanofiber mats exhibit excellent adsorption capability. The equilibrium capacity is 24.96, 37.24, and 52.00 mg g−1 for 105, 156, and 207 mg L−1 initial Cr(VI) solution, respectively, and the adsorption capacity increases with temperature. The adsorption follows a pseudo second order kinetics model and is best fit using the Langmuir isotherm model. The mats show excellent selectivity towards Cr(VI) ions in the presence of competing ions albeit a small decrease in adsorption is observed. The mats can be regenerated and reused after treatment with NaOH making them promising candidates as practical adsorbents for Cr(VI) removal.
Human carcinoma cells express receptors for distinct domains of thrombospondin. (1991)

Thrombospondin (TSP), an adhesive glycoprotein, is incorporated into the extracellular matrix, mediates cell attachment and spreading, chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and may participate in the directed movement of cells in metastasis. Evidence from several model systems suggests that these functions may be mediated by different domains within the TSP molecule. Radioligand binding assays on 11B squamous carcinoma cells with 125I-Radioligand binding assays on 11B squamous carcinoma cells with 125I-TSP demonstrated the presence of 1.2 x 10(6) sites/cell with an apparent Kd of 74 nM. Binding studies using TSP fragments demonstrated that both the NH2 terminal heparin-binding domain (HBD) and the COOH terminal fragment with a molecular weight of 140,000 (140K) retained the ability to bind 11B cells in a time-dependent, dose-dependent, saturable, and specific manner. The HBD bound to 11B cells with an apparent Kd of 1.2 microM at 1.4 x 10(6) sites/cell. Binding of 140K to cells demonstrated half-maximal binding at 36 nM and a Bmax of 1.9 x 10(5) sites/cell. The binding of 140K also showed a high degree of positive cooperativity with a Hill slope of +3.5, suggesting that binding one 140K molecule to cells leads to increased binding of additional 140K molecules. In addition, the HBD and 140K showed no cross-competition in binding assays. Therefore, it appears likely that these distinct TSP domains bind to separate sites on the cell surface. Neither vitronectin or the peptide RGDS were able to inhibit the binding of TSP or 140K to 11B cells. Based on these data, there appears to be more than one distinct receptor on 11B cells for TSP; one receptor class which mediates the binding of the HBD and a second receptor class which mediates the binding of the Mr 140,000 fragment.
Ultrasound velocity in major bovine blood vessel walls (1978)

Data on ultrasound velocity, compressibility. and specific acoustic impedance in bovine aorta, pulmonary artery, vena cava, and myocardium are reported and analyzed based on amounts of structural proteins present in these tissues.
Salt Tolerance of an Aqueous Solution of a Novel Amphiphilic Polysaccharide Derivative (2006)

An aqueous solution of an amphiphilic polysaccharide derivative, hydrophobically (stearyl alkyl group) and hydrophilically (sulfonic-acid salt group) modified hydroxyethylcellulose (HHM-HEC), showed increased viscosity, elasticity, and thixotropic properties in response to the addition of monovalent and divalent salts. Furthermore, the HHM-HEC solution had a transparent appearance at a NaCl concentration of 7 wt %. Since it showed superior salt tolerance to HEC, we focused attention on the two substituents of HHM-HEC and prepared HEC derivatives, namely, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose (R-HEC), hydrophilically modified hydroxyethylcellulose (S-HEC), and nonmodified hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). In addition, we used oscillatory, thixotropic, and fluorometric methods to compare the rheological properties of HHM-HEC with those of other derivatives in the presence of NaCl and ZnCl2, and attempted to elucidate the respective roles of the two substituents of HHM-HEC solution in the salt-tolerance mechanism. As the NaCl concentration in the HHM-HEC solution increased, the values of the elastic modulus G' and the viscous modulus G'' increased, and, moreover, the relative intensities of the first (I1 = 372 nm) and the third (I3 = 383 nm) vibronic bands of the pyrene monomer emission spectrum (the I1/I3 ratio) decreased. These results suggested that the added salt strengthened the three-dimensional network structure of the HHM-HEC polymer by the formation of cross-linkages through the association of hydrophobic substituents. This hydrophobic substituent was therefore essential in allowing HHM-HEC to exhibit a high viscosity in a salt solution. Although the R-HEC solution showed a higher viscosity than did the HHM-HEC solution in the absence of added salts, it became cloudy and lost its viscosity at high NaCl concentrations, apparently because of the shrinkage of its network structure. This signified that the hydrophilic substituent was essential for the sufficient solubility of HHM-HEC to show its rheological properties in a salt-rich solution. We propose to explain how the viscosity of HHM-HEC increases in the presence of salts as follows: Added salts weaken the electrostatic repulsion between the hydrophilic substituents, thereby enhancing the interactions of hydrophobic substituents and consequently increasing the rigidity of the HHM-HEC solution.
A novel method based on two cameras for accurate estimation of arterial oxygen saturation (2015)

Our method is suitable for mobile applications implemented in smartphones, which could allow SaO2 measurement in a pervasive environment.
Media art and the resurrection of an image: motion and sculpturing (2009)

Can the photographic image be remediated in other media? Starting from this question, this article argues how 'un-plugged' media art experiments can create extensions of the photographic image by introducing a new setting in time or space. An analysis of flipbooks, based on the work of Volker Gerling, is given as an example of a vivifying extension in time that nonetheless underscores the nature of the photographic image. Next, an analysis of the life-sized sculptural installations and models of Hans Op de Beeck demonstrates how a spectator, in an encounter with a spatial extension, can participate in the resuscitation of a photographic image.
Unquantized and uncoded channel state information feedback in multiple-antenna multiuser systems (2006)

We propose a channel state information (CSI) feedback scheme based on unquantized and uncoded (UQ-UC) transmission. We consider a system where a mobile terminal obtains the downlink CSI and feeds it back to the base station using an uplink feedback channel. If the downlink channel is an independent Rayleigh fading channel, then the CSI may be viewed as an output of a complex independent identically distributed Gaussian source. Further, if the uplink feedback channel is an additive white Gaussian noise channel, and the downlink CSI is perfectly known at the mobile terminal, it can be shown that UQ-UC CSI transmission (that incurs zero delay) is optimal in that it achieves the same minimum mean-squared error distortion as a scheme that optimally (in the Shannon sense) quantizes and encodes the CSI, while theoretically incurring infinite delay. Since the UQ-UC transmission is suboptimal on correlated wireless channels, we propose a simple linear CSI feedback receiver that can be used to improve the performance of UQ-UC transmission while still retaining the attractive zero-delay feature. We provide bounds on the performance of such UQ-UC CSI feedback and study its impact on the achievable information rates. Furthermore, we explore its application and performance in multiple-antenna multiuser wireless systems, and also propose a corresponding pilot-assisted channel-state estimation scheme
The Influence of Amine/Amide versus Bisamide Coordination in Nickel Superoxide Dismutase (2006)

Nickel superoxide dismutase (NiSOD) is a mononuclear nickel-containing metalloenzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide by cycling between NiII and NiIII oxidation states. In the reduced NiII oxidation state, the metal center is ligated by two cysteinate sulfurs, one amide nitrogen, and one amine nitrogen (from the N-terminus), while in the oxidized NiIII state, an imidazole nitrogen coordinates to the metal center. Herein, we expand on a previous report in which we described a functional metallopeptide-based NiSOD model compound [NiII(SODM1)] (SODM1 = H2N-HCDLPCGVYDPA-COOH) by exploring how acylation of the N-terminus (producing [NiII(SODM1-Ac)]) influences the properties of the metallopeptide. Titration results, GPC data, and mass-spectrometry data demonstrate that NiII coordinates to SODM1-Ac in a 1:1 ratio, while variable pH studies show that NiII coordination is strong at a pH of 7.5 and above but not observed below a pH of 6.2. This is higher than [NiII(SODM1)] by approximately 1.0 pH unit consistent with bisamide ligation. Ni K-edge XAS demonstrates that the NiII center is coordinated in a square-planar NiN2S2 coordination environment with Ni-N distances of 1.846(4) A and Ni-S distances of 2.174(3) A. Comparison of the electronic absorption and CD spectrum of [NiII(SODM1)] versus [NiII(SODM1-Ac)] in conjunction with time-dependent DFT calculations suggests a decrease in Ni covalency in the acylated versus unacylated metallopeptide. This decrease in covalency was also supported by DFT calculations and Ni L-edge XAS. [NiII(SODM1-Ac)] has a quasireversible NiII/NiIII redox couple of 0.49(1) V vs Ag/AgCl, which represents a -0.2 V shift compared with [NiII(SODM1)], while the peak separation suggests a change in the coordination environment upon oxidation (i.e., axial imidazole ligation). Using the xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay, we determine that [NiII(SODM1-Ac)] is less active than [NiII(SODM1)] by over 2 orders of magnitude (IC50 = 3(1) x 10-5 vs 2(1) x 10-7 M). Possible reasons for the decrease in activity are discussed.
Cylindrical inclusion protein of potato virus A is associated with a subpopulation of particles isolated from infected plants (2008)

Potato virus A (PVA) particles were purified by centrifugation through a 30 % sucrose cushion and the pellet (P1) was resuspended and sedimented through a 5-40 % sucrose gradient. The gradient separation resulted in two different virus particle populations: a virus fraction (F) that formed a band in the gradient and one that formed a pellet (P2) at the bottom of the gradient. All three preparations contained infectious particles that retained their integrity when visualized by electron microscopy (EM). Western blotting of the P1 particles revealed that the viral RNA helicase, cylindrical inclusion protein (CI), co-purified with virus particles. This result was confirmed with co-immunoprecipitation experiments. CI was detected in P2 particle preparations, whereas F particles were devoid of detectable amounts of CI. ATPase activity was detected in all three preparations with the greatest amount in P2. Results from immunogold-labelling EM experiments suggested that a fraction of the CI present in the preparations was localized to one end of the virion. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies showed that P1 and P2 contained intact particles, some of which had a protruding tip structure at one end, whilst F virions were less stable and mostly appeared as beaded structures under the conditions of AFM. The RNA of the particles in F was translated five to ten times more efficiently than RNA from P2 particles when these preparations were subjected to translation in wheat-germ extracts. The results are discussed in the context of a model for CI-mediated functions.
TunA: A Mobile Music Experience to Foster Local Interactions (2003)

Can the Walkman become a social experience? Can anyone become a mobile radio station? With the TunA project we are investigating a way to use music in order to connect people at a local scale, through the use of handheld devices and the creation of dynamic and ad hoc wireless networks. TunA gives the opportunity to listen to what other people around are listening to, synchronized to enable the feeling of a shared experience. Finally, TunA allows users to share their songs in many situations, while moving around, fostering a sense of awareness of the surrounding physical environment.
Reliability of a Portable Noninvasive Tear Break-Up Time Test on Hong Kong-Chinese (1993)

Seven normal asymptomatic Hong Kong-Chinese (HK-Chinese) were recruited and their noninvasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) was measured. Measurements were performed eight times over a period of 8 weeks to test the reliability of the NITBUT test over time. The distribution of NITBUT data was positively skewed. The mean (+/- SD) NITBUT was 16.0 (+/- 9.4) s and the mode was 17.5 s. Friedman two-way analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in the NITBUT taken on different days. For the clinical estimate of the NITBUT, we recommend taking five measures of NITBUT and average the three closest measures and use this as a representative value of tear stability for the subject.
Bottom Temperatures Related to Gulf Stream Displacement off the Southeast United States Shelf (1985)

Bottom temperature time series recorded beneath the Gulf Stream at 265 and 589 m depth off the Georgia coast are compared with simultaneous time series of main thermocline depth determined from inverted echo sounder and bottom pressure gauge records at the same sites. Bottom temperature is found to be coherent with vertical displacement of the thermocline, suggesting that bottom temperature under the Gulf Stream front is a potentially useful indicator of Gulf Stream displacement. Additional evidence is provided by the similarity of bottom temperature and thermocline depth coherences with longshore current at the shelf break. Bottom temperature at the deeper station appears to be the better indicator of Gulf Stream meandering for periods longer than five days.
Chemical Contrast in Soft X-Ray Ptychography (2011)

The unique strengths of x-ray microscopy are high penetration depth and near-edge resonances that provide chemical information. We use ptychography, a coherent diffractive imaging technique that disposes of the requirement for isolated specimens, and demonstrate resonant imaging by exploiting resonances near the oxygen K edge to differentiate between two oxygen-containing materials. To highlight a biological system where resonant ptychography might be used for chemical mapping of unsliced cells, reconstructions of freeze-dried Deinococcus radiodurans cells at an energy of 517 eV are shown.
An Enhanced Background Estimation Algorithm for Vehicle Detection in Urban Traffic Scenes (2010)

This paper proposes a new background subtraction algorithm based on the sigma-delta filter, which is intended to be used in urban traffic scenes. The original sigma-delta algorithm is a very interesting alternative due to its high computational efficiency. However, the background model quickly degrades in complex urban scenes because it is easily “contaminated” by slow-moving or temporarily stopped vehicles. Then, subsequent foreground validation steps are needed to refine the foreground detection mask. Instead of requiring any subsequent processing steps or resorting to algorithms with higher computational cost, the proposed algorithm tries to achieve a more stable background model by introducing a confidence measurement for each pixel. This confidence measurement assists in a selective background-model updating mechanism at the pixel level. Experimental comparative tests and a quantitative performance evaluation over typical urban traffic sequences corroborate the benefits of the proposed algorithm.
Automatic segmentation of newborn brain MRI using mathematical morphology (2011)

We propose a novel algorithm for the segmentation of newborn brain MRI, based on mathematical morphology. The algorithm combines image information with high-level anatomical knowledge to deal with the difficulties of newborn brain MRI segmentation (lower signal-to-noise ratio, reduced contrast and different brain structure compared to the adult brain). It robustly segments the brain globally (intracranial cavity, cerebellum, brainstem and the two hemispheres) and at tissue level (cortical gray matter, central gray matter, myelinated white matter, unmyelinated white matter and cerebrospinal fluid). Important advantages compared to existing methods are that the proposed algorithm does not require any manual interaction and that it does not require an atlas, whose construction would be tedious and time-consuming. Experimental results show good agreement with expert manual segmentations and qualitative superiority to state-of-the-art methods in the literature.
Highly stretchable and sensitive piezoresistive carbon nanotube/elastomeric triisocyanate-crosslinked polytetrahydrofuran nanocomposites (2015)

A family of CNT/ETC-PTHF nanocomposites exhibiting high stretchability and high sensitivity to mechanical stimuli was developed. The electrical conductivity change of 15 wt% CNT/ETC-PTHF nanocomposites decreased by 7.3% and 1291 times under 1% and 500% tensile strain, respectively.
Nanomechanics of ultrathin silicon beams and carbon nanotubes (2003)

The nanomechanical properties of single-crystalline silicon cantilevers and carbon nanotubes, as a resonating element are investigated. As the dimensions of a resonating mechanical structure decrease, the energy loss due to the surface effect increases, which results in the decrease of Q-factors. However, a thermal treatment for single-crystalline silicon in ultra-high vacuum dramatically changes their properties. In this paper the Q-factors, gas adsorption effect and nonlinearity of mechanical spring are investigated on ultrathin single crystalline silicon resonators. Also the thermal treatment effect on a carbon nanotube resonator is examined.