gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Deformable Wheel Robot Using Magic-Ball Origami Structure (2013)

In this paper, we present a deformable wheel robot using the ball-shaped waterbomb origami pattern, so-called magic-ball pattern. The magic-ball origami pattern is a well-known pattern that changes its shape from a long cylindrical tube to a flat circular tube. By using this special structure, a wheel with mechanical functionalities can be achieved without using many mechanical parts. Moreover, because of the characteristic that the structure constrains its own movement, it is possible to control the whole shape of the wheel using only few actuators. And also, from analysis of the wheel structure in kinematic model, the performance of the wheel and determine the condition for actuators can be predicted. We think that the proposed design for the deformable wheel shows the possibility of using origami structure as a functional structure with its own mechanism.
Reduced order modeling of fluid/structure interaction. (2009)

This report describes work performed from October 2007 through September 2009 under the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development project titled 'Reduced Order Modeling of Fluid/Structure Interaction.' This project addresses fundamental aspects of techniques for construction of predictive Reduced Order Models (ROMs). A ROM is defined as a model, derived from a sequence of high-fidelity simulations, that preserves the essential physics and predictive capability of the original simulations but at a much lower computational cost. Techniques are developed for construction of provably stable linear Galerkin projection ROMs for compressible fluid flow, including a method for enforcing boundary conditions that preserves numerical stability. A convergence proof and error estimates are given for this class of ROM, and the method is demonstrated on a series of model problems. A reduced order method, based on the method of quadratic components, for solving the von Karman nonlinear plate equations is developed and tested. This method is applied to the problem of nonlinear limit cycle oscillations encountered when the plate interacts with an adjacent supersonic flow. A stability-preserving method for coupling the linear fluid ROM with the structural dynamics model for the elastic plate is constructed and tested. Methods for constructing efficient ROMs for nonlinear fluid equations are developed and tested on a one-dimensional convection-diffusion-reaction equation. These methods are combined with a symmetrization approach to construct a ROM technique for application to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations.
The CRISIS wide area security architecture (1998)

Although there has been discussion of a shortage of surgical specialties including OB/GYN, consensus is difficult because of the multiple variables involved in estimating both supply and demand. In addition, burnout has become more recognized as a variable that has not been taken into account in estimating a shortage of OB/GYNs. We estimate OB/GYN physician shortages of 17%, 24%, and 31% by 2030, 2040, and 2050, respectively. Here, we examine the impact of burnout on the OB/GYN workforce. Specifically, we address the associations of burnout, reduction in clinical productivity as well as early retirement. We also discuss the implications of the substantial increase of female OB/GYNs to ∼66% of workforce over the next 10 years and how this may impact the impending OB/GYN shortage. Finally, we briefly consider possible solutions to workforce issues causing burnout.
Transmitting research findings into farm practice (2006)

When adapted and applied to farm practice, scientific research findings are a valuable 'resource'.There are many methods of technology or knowledge transfer and farmers have to be selective in choosing which method or methods suit their particular circumstances.Clearly, personal contact with advisers or consultants and discussions with fellow farmers are effective and preferred methods.The written word, provided it is couched in non-scientific and simple language, is also effective.It is foreseen that the use of decisin support models set up on the internet will expand as a computer literate generation of younger farmers take up the farming reins.In effect, the internet represents a revolution in communication.Nevertheless, personal contact will remain the acm (now expensive) of farming advice provisin together with monitor farm discussion groups.Increasingly and rightly so, farmers are participating along with researchers and advisers in official development farms or in commercial pilot or monitor farms that demnstrate improved systems of management and production.National and local agricultural sector societies also play a major role in technology transfer through their meetings, publications and the interaction of their members drawn from various agricultural professions.Research institutes have had to incorprate a technology transfer component into their grant-aided research projects.Agriculture has become multifunctional, having had to graft on a host of legislated non-production-orientated activities involving improvement of the environment and the landscape for example.Thus research and development and associated knowledge transfer provisin have had to be adapted to meet to the new circumstances.
1,5-Dimethyl-4-phenylimidazolidin-2-one-Derived Iminic Glycinimides:  Useful New Reagents for Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Amino Acids (2000)

New 1,5-dimethyl-4-phenylimidazolidin-2-one-derived acyclic chiral iminic glycine reagents have been prepared and diastereoselectively alkylated with activated alkyl halides and electrophilic olefins in the presence of lithium chloride under (a) strong bases (LHMDS, KOBut) and low temperature (−78 °C) conditions, (b) solid−liquid phase-transfer catalysis reaction (LiOH, TBAB, −20 °C) conditions, and (c) in the presence of organic bases (DBU, BEMP, TMG, −20 °C). In the case of dielectrophiles C- and N-alkylation takes place to afford heterocyclic derivatives. Hydrolysis of alkylated products has been carried out (a) in two-step procedures with LiOOH or LiOH followed by acidic hydrolysis or Dowex purification, (b) in one single-step under refluxing water to give the corresponding α-amino acid, (c) in the presence of DBU in methanol to provide N-protected α-amino acids methyl esters, or (d) by a protection−hydrolysis procedure to afford N-Boc-protected α-amino acids. The chiral imidazolidinone has generally been recovered in good yield. This methodology has been shown to be useful for the synthesis of acyclic and heterocyclic (S)- and (R)-α-amino acids.
Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Application of Resonant Combustion Chambers in Gas Turbines (1971)

This paper discusses theoretical and experimental work carried out to determine the feasibility of a pressure-gain combustion system for gas turbines. Fundamental principles involved in the design of resonant combustors are considered and potential improvements in gas turbine performance are calculated by means of a piston-cylinder analogy. The results indicate that significant improvements in overall thermal efficiency and specific power output can be expected at relatively low pressure ratios but that these improvements become less effective at higher pressure ratios due to the influence of increased compressor delivery temperatures. The results of experimental work on a multiple combustor configuration show that the theoretical performance appears to be attainable and that, subject to further development work, resonant combustion chambers could be utilized to improve gas turbine performance.
Chemical constituents of essential oil from Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl (2001)

The essential oil from fruits of Forsythia sus pe nsa(Thunb.) Vahl.was analyzed by capillary GC-MS method.More than 200 peaks were isolated,and 90 com pounds from them were identified.The identification ratio was 45%.The relative p ercentages of the constituents were determined by GC method.The main chemical component parts of the oil were β-Pinene,Carene and D-Limonene etc.
You may need the vagus nerve to understand pathophysiology and to treat diseases (2011)

Can different pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors leading to various diseases be linked with altered transmission of signals by one common pathway? The present article provides evidence for the hypothesis that adequate vagal nerve activity reduces the risk of major diseases, via common basic mechanisms and interim risk factors. These diseases include cardiovascular disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease and the metabolic syndrome. Three basic mechanisms contribute to such illnesses: local oxidative stress and DNA damage, inflammatory reactions and excessive sympathetic responses, all of which are inhibited by vagal nerve activity. Efferent vagal activity that can be non-invasively measured by HRV (heart rate variability), derived from an ECG, is inversely related to all three basic mechanisms, to various risk factors (e.g. diabetes and dyslipidaemia) and, more broadly, to the diseases as well. Finally, vagal activity is proposed to moderate the effects of risk factors on developing such illnesses. By proposing an integrative neurobiological model of major diseases, identifying people at risk for, and treating patients with, such diseases may be done more efficiently. People with low HRV may be identified and subsequently treated by vagus nerve activation to possibly prevent or treat such illnesses. This proposed disease paradigm may have important preventative and therapeutic implications, whose clinical effects need to be investigated.
[Effect of endogenous nitric oxide on the nerve-muscle synapse function]. (2001)

The nitric oxide (NO) precursor L-arginine was found to decrease the amplitude and the quantum content of the EPPs and to increase the amplitude of the AP third deflection in the frog neuromuscular junction of the m. cutaneous pectoris preparation. Inhibitor of the NO synthase NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester exerted opposite effects. The data obtained suggest that endogenous NO is produced in the neuromuscular synapse area and can modify the work of potassium ion channels.
Interaction effects in magnetic nanostructures (2014)

The magnetic properties and propagation of electromagnetic waves in magnetic nanoparticle systems strongly depend on the interactions between the nanosize elements having finite separation. Several aspects of the role of the dipolar and exchange interactions are reviewed on model periodic 2D and 3D magnetic nanostructures. Experiments and theory expose the critical role of proper calculation of dipole fields and statistical distributions. The control and optimization of interactions is illustrated on an example of hexagonal Permalloy ellipse arrays. The competing particle and array anisotropy, leading to a spin reorientation phase transition in Permalloy nanowires, is demonstrated. Finally, the effect of the system configuration on the interactions with electromagnetic waves is shown for ferrite and metal magnetic nanosphere arrays, demonstrating specific nanomagnetic effects, as a transition from insulator to metal, and early onset of nonlinearities.
Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction (2019)

Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, the risk of worsening heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes was lower among those who received dapagliflozin than among those who received placebo, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. (Funded by AstraZeneca; DAPA-HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03036124.).
Independent regulation of two cytoplasmic processing stages of the intermediate filament-associated protein filaggrin and role of Ca2+ in the second stage. (1993)

One of the final events in cornification of epidermal cells is processing of profilaggrin to the keratin-associated protein filaggrin. Processing involves several proteolytic events and occurs in two discrete proteolytic stages (Resing, K. A., Walsh, K. A., and Dale, B. A. (1984) J. Cell Biol. 99, 1372-1378; Resing, K. A., Walsh, K. A., Haugen-Scofield, J., and Dale, B. A. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 1837-1846). In a keratinocyte cell line derived from newborn rat epidermis, these two stages are independently regulated. Profilaggrin was expressed when the cells reached confluence; processing to intermediates began 24-36 h later (stage one), with filaggrin appearing at 48 h (stage two). Stage two processing required calcium in the medium with maximum processing occurring at 5-10 mM. Furthermore, stage two processing was inhibited by nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, suggesting that calcium influx activates this event. Second-stage processing was also inhibited by the protease inhibitor leupeptin, implicating calpain. Confluent cells had higher levels of calpain I than subconfluent cells; in confluent cells, two immunoreactive bands were detected, comigrating with inactive (80 kDa) and activated (78 kDa) calpain I. In cells processing profilaggrin, most of the calpain I was in the 78-kDa form, implying extensive activation, supporting a role for calpain in processing.
The Affinity of Carbon for Gold Complexes: Dissolution of Finely Disseminated Gold Using a Flow Electrochemical Cell (1989)

The electrochemical dissolution of finely disseminated gold from nonadsorbing and adsorbing carbon matrices has been studied in the presence of several complexing agents. A flow‐through electrochemical cell connected on‐line to a flow injection analysis system provided information on the extent and relative rates of gold dissolution. The relative dissolution kinetic ordering with respect to complexing ligands is: . Based on the dissolution profiles, passivation is postulated to hinder dissolution by thiourea and thiosulfate solutions. Dissolution of gold from an activated carbon matrix by cyanide solution is influenced by the applied potential.
BK Polyomavirus: Clinical Aspects, Immune Regulation, and Emerging Therapies (2017)

BK polyomavirus (BKV) causes frequent infections during childhood and establishes persistent infections within renal tubular cells and the uroepithelium, with minimal clinical implications. However, reactivation of BKV in immunocompromised individuals following renal or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may cause serious complications, including BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN), ureteric stenosis, or hemorrhagic cystitis. Implementation of more potent immunosuppression and increased posttransplant surveillance has resulted in a higher incidence of BKVAN. Antiviral immunity plays a crucial role in controlling BKV replication, and our increasing knowledge about host-virus interactions has led to the development of improved diagnostic tools and clinical management strategies. Currently, there are no effective antiviral agents for BKV infection, and the mainstay of managing reactivation is reduction of immunosuppression. Development of immune-based therapies to combat BKV may provide new and exciting opportunities for the successful treatment of BKV-associated complications.
Advances in visual programming (2003)

The use of visual information in programming is called visual programming, where the program specification is carried out through spatial manipulation of visual elements on the screen. Visual programming provides more direct communication between human and computer and makes it easier to create programs. The authors first observe approaches to enhance the performance of programming and show how visual programming contributes toward the success in developing advanced programming systems. They explain a visual programming case study using an iconic programming system called HI-VISUAL, including a support environment for the construction of a variety of visual programming systems under investigation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Direct Determination of Aluminum in Archaeological Clays by Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2005)

Instrumental techniques that allow the direct analysis of solids with little or no sample preparation are particularly important for the evaluation of samples that are difficult to analyze such as refractory or geological materials. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising technique for the direct, rapid analysis of elements in solid materials with minimal sample preparation. The main advantages over wet techniques are virtual nondestructiveness and analysis speed. The goal of this work is the direct determination of aluminum of archaeological pieces using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy. The corresponding signals of metals were interpolated from calibration graphs of different salts of the metals. The matrix effects from the direct determination of these elements were thoroughly investigated. The potential of this technique for direct quantitative analysis of real archaeological materials (from Department of Ancient Science, University of Zaragoza) was evaluated, and the reproducibility of LIBS spectra from different archaeological samples was measured as a function of the number of laser shots. Finally, the results from LIBS are compared with those obtained by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Convergence of recurrent networks as contraction mappings (2003)

Three theorems are presented which establish an upper bound on the magnitude of the weights which guarantees convergence of the network to a stable unique fixed point. It is shown that the bound on the weights is inversely proportional to the product of the number of neurons in the network and the maximum slope of the neuron activation functions. The location of its fixed point is determined by the network architecture, weights, and the external input values. The proofs are constructive, consisting of representing the network as a contraction mapping and then applying the contraction mapping theorem from point set topology. The resulting sufficient conditions for network stability are shown to be general enough to allow the network to have nontrivial fixed points.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic Balancing of Packet Filtering Workloads on Distributed Firewalls (2008)

Firewalls are widely deployed nowadays to enforce security policies of enterprise networks. While having played crucial roles in securing these networks, firewalls themselves are subject to performance limitations. An overloaded firewall can cause severe damage to the protected enterprise network, because any legitimate communication through it is either degraded or even completely severed. In this paper, we address how to dynamically balance packet filtering workloads on distributed firewalls efficiently in large enterprise networks. We model dynamic load balancing on distributed firewalls as a minimax optimization problem, and show that it is strongly NP-complete even if we eliminate all precedence relationships among policy rules by rule rewriting. Accordingly, we propose a light-weight rule distribution scheme that quickly balances workloads among all firewalls. Our scheme is adaptive to incoming traffic. Moreover, dynamically placing and ordering policy rules on distributed firewalls reduces the probability that attackers successfully infer the rule distribution. Experimental results show that using a commodity PC, our approach can reduce the peak firewall workload in distributed firewall systems by 40% within less than five minutes, compared against alternative solutions that only optimize rule ordering on individual firewalls.
In Vitro Strain Distribution in the Proximal Tibia (1984)

Six human cadaver legs were tested with strain-gauge rosettes to determine the effects of varus/valgus loading on the distribution of strain on the cortical bone of the proximal tibia at loads of up to 250 kg. Changes in the femorotibial angle of 1.5 degrees and 3.1 degrees, to create varus/valgus deformities, produced significant unloading of the opposite aspect of the normal leg. A varus deformity of 3.1 degrees in the medial compartment osteoarthritic model virtually unloaded the lateral compartment and, because of the bending effect, placed the whole of the lateral aspect of the leg into axial tension. Under these conditions, the axial strains in almost the whole of the medial aspect of the tibia were doubled, from an initial value of 250 microstrain (compressive) to a value of approximately 500 microstrain (compressive). While a change in load-action, to simulate a 3.1 degrees valgus deformity in the medial compartment osteoarthritic model, did not completely unload the medial plateau of the tibia, it was suggested that such unloading could be achieved with slightly greater valgus loading. Successful clinical results, employing valgus osteotomies in patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis, are obtained by unloading the medial compartment while markedly increasing compressive loads on the whole of the lateral aspect of the leg.
Silica-based waveguide-type wavelength-insensitive couplers (WINC's) with series-tapered coupling structure (1992)

The authors propose new wavelength-insensitive directional couplers (WINCs) with series-tapered waveguides in the coupling region. The wavelength-insensitive characteristics are investigated with respect to the geometric symmetry of the series-tapered coupling structure. An approximate analysis of three types of WINC is made using simple transmission matrix multiplication. These new WINC's were fabricated based on silica-based planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) on silicon substrates. The experimental results for the wavelength-insensitive responses of the series-tapered coupler, which was designed in detail with the beam propagation method (BPM), are in good agreement with the calculated results. The novel wavelength-insensitive characteristics of these couplers are also demonstrated for the first time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Centrifugal slip casting of components (1996)

Research in layered and functionally gradient materials has emerged because of the increasing demand for high-performance engineering materials. Many techniques have been used to produce layered and functionally gradient components. Common examples include thermal spray processing, powder processing, chemical and physical vapor deposition, high-temperature or combustion synthesis, diffusion treatments, microwave processing and infiltration. Of these techniques, powder processing routes offer excellent microstructural control and product quality, and they are capable of producing large components. Centrifugal slip casting is a powder-processing technique combining the effects of slip casting and centrifugation. In slip casting, consolidation takes place as fluid is removed by the porous mold. Particles within the slip move with the suspending fluid until reaching the mold wall, at which point they are consolidated. In centrifugation, particles within the slip move through the fluid at a rate dependent upon the gravitational force and particle drag.
Immobilization of Proteins in Immunochemical Microarrays Fabricated by Electrospray Deposition (2001)

Electrospray (ES) deposition has been applied to fabricate protein microarrays for immunochemical assay. Protein antigens were deposited as arrays of dry spots on a surface of aluminized plastic. Deposition was performed from water solutions containing a 10-fold (w/w of dry protein) excess of sucrose. Upon contact with humid air, the spots turn into microdroplets of sucrose/protein solution from which proteins were either adsorbed or covalently linked to clean or modified aluminum surfaces. It was found that covalent binding of antigens via aldehyde groups of oxidized branched dextran followed by reduction of the Schiff bonds gives the highest sensitivity and the lowest background in microarray-based ELISA, as compared to other tested methods of antigen immobilization. The minimum concentration of a primary mouse antibody detected in indirect ELISA with such antigen microarrays was ∼0.3−1.0 ng/mL for ELF-97 or BCIP/NBT substrates of alkaline phosphatase.