gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Proteins from Maize Cluster in Two Sequence Subgroups with Differential Aquaporin Activity (2000)

The transport of water through membranes is regulated in part by aquaporins or water channel proteins. These proteins are members of the larger family of major intrinsic proteins (MIPs). Plant aquaporins are categorized as either tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) or plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs). Sequence analysis shows that PIPs form several subclasses. We report on the characterization of three maize (Zea mays) PIPs belonging to the PIP1 and PIP2 subfamilies (ZmPIP1a, ZmPIP1b, and ZmPIP2a). The ZmPIP2a clone has normal aquaporin activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes. ZmPIP1a and ZmPIP1b have no activity, and a review of the literature shows that most PIP1 proteins identified in other plants have no or very low activity in oocytes. Arabidopsis PIP1 proteins are the only exception. Control experiments show that this lack of activity of maize PIP1 proteins is not caused by their failure to arrive at the plasma membrane of the oocytes. ZmPIP1b also does not appear to facilitate the transport of any of the small solutes tried (glycerol, choline, ethanol, urea, and amino acids). These results are discussed in relationship to the function and regulation of the PIP family of aquaporins.
Functional hybrid co-crystals of humic substances: a growth forecast (2014)

Basing our reasoning on the only known and available crystalline structure of a hybrid co-crystal of caffeic acid, we extended our study to the analysis of the behaviour of another humic substance, the protocatechuic acid. The abilities and tendencies of both these compounds to give rise to stable hybrid co-crystals with the elements of group I were studied by predicting, via molecular dynamics simulations, their crystalline setups on the basis of a detailed energetic analysis, which allows the detection of the most stable possible structures and their layouts. Without claiming to have performed an ab initio crystal structure prediction, we tried instead to determine the tendencies of a specific set of humic substances to give rise to a particular type of hybrid co-crystals.
Moving Boundary Systems Formed by Weak Electrolytes. Theory of Simple Systems Formed by Weak Acids and Bases (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMoving Boundary Systems Formed by Weak Electrolytes. Theory of Simple Systems Formed by Weak Acids and BasesRobert A. AlbertyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 6, 2361–2367Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01162a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01162a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Accuracy, High-Precision DEM-CCII Amplifiers (2007)

In this paper we describe an approach for the design of high-accuracy, high-precision, current mode amplifiers. These circuits take advantage of dynamic element matching (DEM) for compensating the input offset and 1/f noise voltages of the nominally identical (source-coupled) transistor pairs in a second generation current conveyor (CCII). In comparison with high-accuracy, high-precision op amp based amplifiers, the proposed approach is more convenient if the gain of the op amp may not be very high, e.g. due to short channel effects.
Mammalian thioredoxin reductase: Oxidation of the C-terminal cysteine/selenocysteine active site forms a thioselenide, and replacement of selenium with sulfur markedly reduces catalytic activity (2000)

Mammalian cytosolic thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has a redox center, consisting of Cys(59)/Cys(64) adjacent to the flavin ring of FAD and another center consisting of Cys(497)/selenocysteine (SeCys)(498) near the C terminus. We now show that the C-terminal Cys(497)-SH/SeCys(498)-Se(-) of NADPH-reduced enzyme, after anaerobic dialysis, was converted to a thioselenide on incubation with excess oxidized Trx (TrxS(2)) or H(2)O(2). The Cys(59)-SH/Cys(64)-SH pair also was oxidized to a disulfide. At lower concentrations of TrxS(2), the Cys(59)-SH/Cys(64)-SH center was still converted to a disulfide, presumably by reduction of the thioselenide to Cys(497)-SH/SeCys(498)-Se(-). Specific alkylation of SeCys(498) completely blocked the TrxS(2)-induced oxidation of Cys(59)-SH/Cys(64)-SH, and the alkylated enzyme had negligible NADPH-disulfide oxidoreductase activity. The effect of replacing SeCys(498) with Cys was determined by using a mutant form of human placental TrxR1 expressed in Escherichia coli. The NADPH-disulfide oxidoreductase activity of the purified Cys(497)/Cys(498) mutant enzyme was 6% or 11% of that of wild-type rat liver TrxR1 with 5, 5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) or TrxS(2), respectively, as substrate. Disulfide formation induced by excess TrxS(2) in the mutant form was 12% of that of the wild type. Thus, SeCys has a critical redox function during the catalytic cycle, which is performed poorly by Cys.
9-0 Monofilament Polydioxanone (PDS): A New Synthetic Absorbable Suture for Cataract Wound Closure (1982)

This study describes the intraoperative and postoperative performance of 9-O monofilament Polydioxanone (PDS) suture for cataract wound closure. This newly developed synthetic absorbable suture is designed to meet the need for a "long-term" absorbable suture material suitable for cataract wound closure following intraocular lens implantation. Polydioxanone's advantages over currently used "short-term" absorbables and biodegradable nylon are described in this report.
Gibberellic Acid, Fruit Freezing, and Post-freeze Quality of `Hamlin' Oranges (2006)

Our objectives were to determine if gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) application at color break in the fall affected the juice content, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acid (TA), and ratio of SSC: TA of `Hamlin' orange ( Citrus sinensis ) fruit following moderate to severe freezes. We also wanted to know if GA 3 affected the post-freeze rate of decrease in juice content, fruit and tree cold hardiness, and the amount of fruit drop following a freeze. GA 3 (18 floz/acre) was applied at color break in the fall of 2002, 2003, and 2004 to `Hamlin' orange trees on Swingle citrumelo ( C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata ) rootstock planted in 1995 at Gainesville, Fla. Moderate to severe freezes occurred in all three seasons. Fruit were harvested at about 2-week intervals following freezes in each season and the internal fruit quality was determined. GA 3 -treated fruit generally had higher juice content compared with nontreated fruit for 8 weeks after moderate to severe freezes in all three seasons, which may be economically important to citrus processors and growers since Florida growers are paid based on fruit pounds-solids (juice content × SSC). The rate of decrease in juice content over time was similar for both treatments in seasons one and two, but was less for GA 3 -treated fruit than nontreated fruit in season three. In addition, SSC was equal to or slightly greater for fruit treated with GA 3 than for nontreated fruit. Fruit drop rate and magnitude were also significantly less for the GA-treated compared with nontreated trees in two of three seasons. GA 3 did not affect fruit, leaf, or tree cold hardiness in any season.
Post-processing of 3D-printed parts using femtosecond and picosecond laser radiation (2014)

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D-printing, is a near-net shape manufacturing approach, delivering part geometry that can be considerably affected by various process conditions, heat-induced distortions, solidified melt droplets, partially fused powders, and surface modifications induced by the manufacturing tool motion and processing strategy. High-repetition rate femtosecond and picosecond laser radiation was utilized to improve surface quality of metal parts manufactured by laser additive techniques. Different laser scanning approaches were utilized to increase the ablation efficiency and to reduce the surface roughness while preserving the initial part geometry. We studied post-processing of 3D-shaped parts made of Nickel- and Titanium-base alloys by utilizing Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) as additive manufacturing techniques. Process parameters such as the pulse energy, the number of layers and their spatial separation were varied. Surface processing in several layers was necessary to remove the excessive material, such as individual powder particles, and to reduce the average surface roughness from asdeposited 22-45 μm to a few microns. Due to the ultrafast laser-processing regime and the small heat-affected zone induced in materials, this novel integrated manufacturing approach can be used to post-process parts made of thermally and mechanically sensitive materials, and to attain complex designed shapes with micrometer precision.
Ferroelectric Thin-Film Devices: Failure Mechanisms and New Prototype Nano-Structures (2007)

Several fundamental physics problems concerning ferroelectric thin films are discussed with direct application to industry problems. The first is a model of dielectric breakdown under d.c. voltage stressing, extended from single capacitor films to multilayer capacitors (MLCs). The second is an analysis of flash-over (arcing) breakdown in MLCs, including those with base metal electrodes (Ni). The third is the demonstration that any equivalent circuit model for real ferroelectric memories (FRAMs) must include a constant phase element (CPE). We then consider novel new prototype devices with industry potential for commercialization: three-dimensional [3D] DRAM capacitor trenches; piezoelectric nanotubes; and carbon nano-wire arrays with ferroelectric tips.
De-noising of high-resolution ECG signals by combining the discrete wavelet transform with the Wiener filter (2002)

In this study the authors applied a combination of the discrete wavelet transform and the Wiener filter to the noise-reduction of high-resolution ECG signals. The procedure is optimal in the least squares sense in that it separates a signal from additive noise. It was compared to a popular de-noising algorithm by Donoho (1993) on artificially generated signals and on a high-resolution ECG signal corrupted by noise.
Properties of South African fish oils: A review (1999)

Abstract This review records original research done at the Fishing Industry Research Institute (FIRI) Programme on crude fish oils since 1985. This work has led to a better understanding of all the variables that determine fish oil quality. It has been shown that while high free fatty acid (FFA) contents in fish oils are due to spoilage of the fish prior to processing, escalation of FFA levels during oil storage is due to ineffective polishing of the oil. Unpolished or poorly polished oils have high phospholipid (P) and protein (N) contents and as a result also high water levels. These three variables cause FFA escalation during oil storage. Statistically derived expressions have been developed which allow prediction of the daily increase in FFA content during storage of oil from the original FFA content of the oil and its water, P and N levels. These expressions have been used to implement a more equitable pricing system for locally produced fish oils. The primary cause, however, for FFA escalation of fish oil is contamination of the oil by bacteria belonging to the genus Alcaligenes. These aerobic bacteria thrive at the oil‐water interface at the bottom of oil storage tanks, and convert mainly phospholipids into oil‐soluble FFA and water‐soluble phosphate esters. The oil‐soluble FFA, which have a considerable lower density than the oil from which they are derived, then diffuse upwards and so contaminate the oil. Total cholesterol levels in fish oil show a seasonal variation: low levels are found in summer months when the pelagic fish is fat, and high levels in winter when the fish is lean. The cholesterol consists of free and esterified cholesterol. The latter, which is difficult to remove in the refining process, increases during spoilage of the fish. The levels of chlorophyll in anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) and pilchard (Sarditiops ocellata) oils vary widely and are unpredictable. High chlorophyll levels in these oils may give rise to "green margarine" if insufficient bleaching is carried out on the oil during production of margarine. South African fish oils, especially anchovy and pilchard oils, are very rich in the two poly‐unsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are thought to be beneficial for various aspects of human and animal health. It was found that a high level of EPA corresponded to a low level of DHA and vice versa. This appears to be due to the fact that EPA and DHA are in competition for position two on the glycerol molecule. EPA and DHA levels of anchovy oils ranged from 14.3‐23.3% and 4.6‐12.5% respectively.
Preparation and evaluation of galactosylated vesicular carrier for hepatic targeting of silibinin (2009)

A positive outcome of these studies gave an insight that galactosylated liposomes are more effective and suitable for targeted delivery of silibinin to hepatocytes.
Formalizing MapReduce with CSP (2010)

As a programming model, MapReduce is popularly and widely used in processing and generating large cluster of data sets distributed on large amount of machines. With its widespread use, its validity and other major properties need to be analyzed in a formal framework. In this paper, a formal model is presented using CSP method. We focus on the dominant parts of MapReduce and formalize them in detail. Through this formal model, the processing and function of each component can be clearly reflected. Moreover, we illustrate this formal model by an example computation. The result reflects the validity of MapReduce in some appropriate applications.
Concise Review: Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells for Skeletal Regenerative Medicine (2011)

As the average age of the population grows, the incidence of osteoporosis and skeletal diseases continues to rise. Current treatment options for skeletal repair include immobilization, rigid fixation, alloplastic materials, and bone grafts, all which have significant limitations, especially in the elderly. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) represent a readily available abundant supply of mesenchymal stem cells, which demonstrate the ability to undergo osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo, making ASCs a promising source of skeletal progenitor cells. Current protocols allow for the harvest of over one million cells from only 15 ml of lipoaspirate. Despite the clinical use of ASCs to treat systemic inflammatory diseases, no large human clinical trials exist using ASCs for skeletal tissue engineering. The aim of this review is to define ASCs, to describe the isolation procedure of ASCs, to review the basic biology of their osteogenic differentiation, discuss cell types and scaffolds available for bone tissue engineering, and finally, to explore imaging of ASCs and their potential future role in human skeletal tissue engineering efforts.
Performance modeling of FEC‐based unequal error protection for H.264/AVC video streaming over burst‐loss channels (2014)

Summary Unequal error protection systems are a popular technique for video streaming. Forward error correction (FEC) is one of error control techniques to improve the quality of video streaming over lossy channels. Moreover, frame‐level FEC techniques have been proposed for video streaming because of different priority video frames within the transmission rate constraint on a Bernoulli channel. However, various communication and storage systems are likely corrupted by bursts of noise in the current wireless behavior. If the burst losses go beyond the protection capacity of FEC, the efficacy of FEC can be degraded. Therefore, our proposed model allows an assessment of the perceived quality of H.264/AVC video streaming over bursty channels, and is validated by simulation experiments on the NS‐2 network simulator at a given estimate of the packet loss ratio and average burst length. The results suggest a useful reference in designing the FEC scheme for video applications, and as the video coding and channel parameters are given, the proposed model can provide a more accurate evaluation tool for video streaming over bursty channels and help to evaluate the impact of FEC performance on different burst‐loss parameters. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stimulated Emission of Radiation by Relativistic Electrons in a Magnetic Field (1959)

The Schroedinger equation of an electrons moving perpendicularly to a magnetic field H, can be reduced to the equation of the harmonic oscillator. Using the relativistic Schroedinger equation and neglecting the spin, equations are found for the kinetic energy levels of the electron. Formulas were derived by means of the Boltzman transfer equation, taking into account the dependence of the electron mass on kinetic energy. (A.C.)
Large Area Growth of Aligned CNT Arrays on Spheres: Towards Large Scale and Continuous Production (2007)

A novel strategy for the large scale, continuous production of aligned carbon nanotube arrays using millimeter‐diameter spheres as growth substrates is reported (see figure and cover). The present technique is more productive than the conventional process on flat wafers because of the higher available growth surface and the good fluidity of the spherical substrates. It can be adapted for the industrial production and application of aligned carbon nanotube arrays with lengths of up to one millimeter.
Orthogonal sequencing multiplexer for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with RSFQ electronics readout circuit (2012)

We propose an efficient multiplexing technique for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors based on an orthogonal detector bias switching method enabling the extraction of the average count rate of a set of detectors by one readout line. We implemented a system prototype where the SNSPDs are connected to an integrated cryogenic readout and a pulse merger system based on rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) electronics. We discuss the general scalability of this concept, analyze the environmental requirements which define the resolvability and the accuracy and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach with experimental results for a SNSPD array with four pixels.
Analysis of a Tunable Single Mode Optical Fiber Coupler (1982)

We report the operation and the theoretical modeling of an efficient, tunable, and low-loss single mode fiber coupler. The coupler design follows a scheme previously reported, in which two optical fibers mounted in curved grooves in separate quartz substrates are polished until sufficient cladding material has been removed to permit optical coupling between the mated polished faces of the fibers. The results of a computer analysis of the distributed coupling taking place between the fibers are discussed, emphasizing the intuitive dependence of the coupling coefficient and effective interaction length of the device on its geometrical parameters. A detailed experimental analysis of fiber couplers follows in which we characterize two types of couplers made with different brands of single-mode fibers. Operation up to 100 percent coupling ratio and 50 dB extinction ratio between coupled and direct branch as well as operation in overcoupling regimes are demonstrated, both at visible and infrared signal wavelengths. Tuning curves are shown that emphasize the excellent tunability properties of such couplers in which the coupling ratio can be smoothly and continuously tuned between 0 and 100 percent. Experimental evidence of the relatively low loss level and very low polarization dependence of the fiber couplers are also presented. All experimental results, including an analysis of the influence of the refractive index of the intermediate layer of index-matching liquid between the polished faces of the fibers, are found to be very well predicted by our theoretical model.
The inevitability of the state (1981)

Journal Article The inevitability of the state Get access Diana T. Meyers Diana T. Meyers Cornell University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 41, Issue 1, January 1981, Pages 46–49, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/41.1.46 Published: 01 January 1981
Folate-conjugated Liposomes Target and Deliver Therapeutics to Immune Cells in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis (2017)

Fol-liposomes can selectively deliver imaging and therapeutic agents to sites of inflammation in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis.
Pretty Good BGP: Improving BGP by Cautiously Adopting Routes (2006)

The Internet's interdomain routing protocol, BGP, is vulnerable to a number of damaging attacks, which often arise from operator misconfiguration. Proposed solutions with strong guarantees require a public-key infrastructure, accurate routing registries, and changes to BGP. However, BGP routers can avoid selecting and propagating these routes if they are cautious about adopting new reachability information. We describe a protocol- preserving enhancement to BGP, Pretty Good BGP (PGBGP), that slows the dissemination of bogus routes, providing network operators time to respond before problems escalate into large- scale Internet attacks. Simulation results show that realistic deployments of PGBGP could provide 99% of Autonomous Systems with 24 hours to investigate and repair bogus routes without affecting prefix reachability. We also show that without PGBGP, 40% of ASs cannot avoid selecting bogus routes; with PGBGP, this number drops to less than 1%. Finally, we show that PGBGP is incrementally deployable and offers significant security benefits to early adopters and their customers.
Generation of VP ellipsis (2001)

We present conditions under which verb phrases are elided based on a corpus of positive and negative examples. Factor that affect verb phrase ellipsis include: the distance between antecedent and ellipsis site, the syntactic relation between antecedent and ellipsis site, and the presence or absence of adjuncts. Building on these results, we examine where in the generation architecture a trainable algorithm for VP ellipsis should be located. We show that the best performance is achieved when the trainable module is located after the realizer and has access to surface-oriented features (error rate of 7.5%).