gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 glucose transporter recycling. A problem in membrane protein subcellular trafficking through multiple pools (1994)

The subcellular trafficking of GLUT4 in isolated rat adipose cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes exhibits many of the properties observed in regulated secretory processes and neurosecretion. GLUT4 is sorted and sequestered from endosomes into a specialized secretory compartment in the basal state and the initial stimulation of its exocytosis by insulin is more rapid than its recycling through the endosomes and secretory compartment during the steady-state response to insulin. We present a mathematical analysis which shows that this behavior is inconsistent with a simple 2-pool model with one plasma membrane and one intracellular compartment, but that a 3-pool model, with two intracellular compartments, can simulate these properties. We extend this model to include the presence of occluded pools in the plasma membrane. Our analysis compares the behavior expected when these occluded pools are precursors in stimulation and/or clathrin-associated-like intermediates in endocytosis. The presence of a precursor occluded pool can account for a lag between the appearance of GLUT4 in the membrane and before the full stimulation of glucose transport activity. The analysis also shows that since the pool size of the occluded GLUT4 is relatively small, the formation of endocytic occluded intermediates such as GLUT4 in clathrin-coated pits is likely to be slow compared with the rate of endocytosis of the coated vesicles.
Ultrasound Findings of Acute Idiopathic Scrotal Edema (2004)

Idiopathic scrotal edema is an uncommon cause of acute scrotal problems in children.This is a diagnosis that can be confirmed with color Doppler ultrasound, thus obviating the need for surgical exploration.1-4Although the literature documents the benefit of Doppler ultrasound in identifying blood flow to the testis in these patients, there is little mentioned with regards to the scrotal wall changes on ultrasound.5-7We submit ultrasound findings in three boys that presented to us with characteristic findings of idiopathic scrotal edema, each of which had significant scrotal wall subcutaneous edema on ultrasound examination.All three patients presented with acute onset of scrotal swelling and erythema.Scrotal ultrasound demonstrated similar findings in all three patients, including normal appearing testicular parenchyma and excellent blood flow to both testes.There was significant peritesticular edema with the appearance of considerable fluid in the scrotal wall (see Figure 1 and 2), with marked thickening of the subcutaneous tissues.There was also a significant increase in the vascularity of the scrotal skin and subcutaneous tissues.One patient was admitted overnight for IV antibiotics due to the severity of the scrotal wall edema.Two patients received oral Benadryl for the presumed diagnosis of idiopathic scrotal edema.Recovery was uncomplicated, with complete resolution of symptoms within 48 hours in all 3 patients.
Effect of tumor cells on the activation of murine lymphocytes and macrophages by cisplatin and FK565. (1997)

Murine peritoneal macrophages on in vitro treatment with cisplatin (5 micrograms/ml) or FK565 (10 micrograms/ml) showed an enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI). Similarly, treatment of splenic lymphocytes with these agents also led to an enhanced production of TNF. Co-incubation of macrophages or splenic lymphocytes with P815 (a murine mastocytoma) cells in vitro in the absence of cisplatin or FK565 also resulted in an augmented TNF production, however, it had no effect on the RNI production by macrophages. TNF production of cisplatin- or FK565-treated macrophages got synergistically enhanced in the presence of P815 cells in the presence of P815 whereas the production of RNI was inhibited. Incubation of splenic lymphocytes with P815 cells in the presence of cisplatin or FK565 resulted in an inhibition of TNF production. Indomethacin-treated P815 cells were observed to be less effective in inhibiting nitrite production of macrophages compared to untreated tumor cells. Pretreatment of P815 cells with cisplatin or FK565 before co-incubation did not alter the TNF production of macrophages whereas it inhibited the same in lymphocytes. This study shows that activation of macrophages and lymphocytes is independently influenced by P815 tumor cells in combination with chemoimmunotherapeutic drugs cisplatin and FK565.
GLYCOLYTIC SUPPORT OF ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES IN RAT LIVER FLUSH-PRESERVED WITH UW OR COLLINSʼ II (1989)

Correlation of hepatocellular adenine nucleotides in donor liver with clinical posttransplant outcome has recently been reported. Our earlier work with rats has shown that pretreatment of donors with glucose effectively retards hepatocellular ATP losses in livers preserved in Collins' II solution through potentiation of their glycolytic capacity. The primary substrate--i.e., endogenous or exogenous glucose--was not identified. The current study was undertaken to compare the relative efficacy of the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, which is devoid of glucose, with Collins' II in the support of adenine nucleotides through anaerobic glycolysis in flush-preserved rat liver. Adult rats were either pretreated with 25% dextrose or fasted prior to liver harvesting and preservation in either UW or Collins' II. Adenine nucleotide degradation and lactate production during preservation were assessed. For a given dietary pretreatment, losses of ATP and adenylate energy charge and lactate production were similar for UW- and Collins' II-preserved livers. Donor pretreatment with dextrose resulted in significantly higher ex vivo liver ATP, energy charge, and lactate regardless of the preservation solution. Salvageable nucleotide degradates were increased significantly in UW livers, presumably through the effects of allopurinol. These results demonstrate that effective support of adenine nucleotides by glycolysis in flush-preserved liver is independent of the presence of exogenous glucose but dependent upon the nutritional status of the donor prior to liver procurement.
Identification of driver genes in hepatocellular carcinoma by exome sequencing (2013)

The NFE2L2-KEAP1 and MLL pathways are recurrently mutated in multiple cohorts of HCC.
기초연금이 노인세대 삶의 질에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 (2018)

본 연구의 목적은 기초연금이 노인가구의 삶의 질 향상에 얼마나 기여했는지 살펴보는 것이다. 이에 한국복지패널 11차(2013년), 13차(2015년) 자료 중 노인단독가구, 노인부부가구를 대상으로 기초연금 수급가구의 가구형태별 삶의 질, 연금형태에 삶의 질 차이를 각각 비교했다. 그 결과, 기초연금 수급가구의 삶의 질은 연간 가처분소득, 신체건강, 우울감, 생활실태 만족감에서 2013년보다 2015년에 모두 향상되었다. 다만, 기초연금 수급가구 중 단독가구, 서울/광역시 거주가구, 여성 가구주 가구는 상대적으로 삶의 질이 낮아 가구형태, 거주지, 가구주 성별에 따라 정책적으로 고려할 사항이 많음을 보여주었다. 한편 2015년 기초노령연금 수급가구와 국민연금 수급가구 간 연간 가처분소득 차이가 2013년에 비해 더 크게 나타났다. 따라서 기초연금은 기초연금 수급가구의 삶의 질에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 여러 요인 중 하나라고 할 수 있지만, 국민연금 수급가구와 비교했을 때, 경제적 측면에서 상대적인 격차까지 줄이는 데 기여했다고 할 수 없으며, 이는 보편적 복지제도로서 기초연금을 더욱 강화할 필요성을 보여주는 것이라고 할 수 있다.
Ailments of Distributed Document Reviews and Remedies of DOCTOR (DOCument Tree ORganizer Tool) with Distributed Reviews Support (2008)

In distributed software development, effective reviews of analysis documents lead to increased correctness of analysis results. When managed without tool support, such reviews lead to ineffective usage of time and effort and possibly even delay the project. Also going ahead without reviews completed, implies risks of incorrect or incomplete features. In this paper we contrast the manual process we used to follow to organize distributed software reviews and the process with DOCTOR to show how it greatly improves the process of distributed software reviews. We also attempt to provide a projection in terms of cost of efforts saved and the resultant increase in productivity. We also compare DOCTOR with other Web-based tools and project its advantages and disadvantages. We hope to convince readers who haven't adopted tool based support for distributed reviews by this paper on the clear advantages of the same.
Alternative dispute resolution and the physician--the use of mediation to resolve hospital-medical staff conflicts. (1993)

The use of adversarial methods to resolve disputes arising out of medical staff matters can be time-consuming, costly, and disruptive to the hospital-medical staff relationship. As this article suggests, mediation is the preferred method of alternative dispute resolution for reaching mutually acceptable solutions with minimal harm to relationships.
Low frequency 1/f noise measurements in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ thin films and the implications for HTS IR detectors (1991)

The low-frequency noise voltage fluctuations were measured on c-axis textured films of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ on
A framework for unifying presentation space (2001)

Making effective use of the available display space has long been a fundamental issue in user interface design. We live in a time of rapid advances in available CPU power and memory. However, the common sizes of our computational display spaces have only minimally increased or in some cases, such as hand held devices, actually decreased. In addition, the size and scope of the information spaces we wish to explore are also expanding. Representing vast amounts of information on our relatively small screens has become increasingly problematic and has been associated with problems in navigation, interpretation and recognition. User interface research has proposed several differing presentation approaches to address these problems. These methods create displays that vary considerably, visually and algorithmically. We present a unified framework that provides a way of relating seemingly distinct methods, facilitating the inclusion of more than one presentation method in a single interface. Furthermore, it supports extrapolation between the presentation methods it describes. Of particular interest are the presentation possibilities that exist in the ranges between various distortion presentations, magnified insets and detail-in-context presentations, and between detail-in-context presentations and a full-zooming environment. This unified framework offers a geometric presentation library in which presentation variations are available independently of the mode of graphic representation. The intention is to promote the ease of exploration and experimentation into the use of varied presentation combinations.
Evolution of Epitaxial InAs Nanowires on GaAs (111)B (2009)

The evolution of InAs nanowires on the GaAs (111)B substrate by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition shows that InAs traces are formed and elongated first, driven by the liquid Au catalysts preferentially retaining interfaces with the GaAs substrate due to the Au/GaAs interfacial energy being lower than that of Au/InAs. Vertical InAs nanowires initiate when elongated traces intersect (see image).
Skin optics revisited by in vivo confocal microscopy: melanin and sun exposure. (2001)

A new confocal prototype dedicated to the exploration of in vivo human skin has been constructed around a laser confocal module (Oz Noran, Inc.) and a skin contact device, assuring perfect stability of skin images. The power of the Argon/Krypton laser source has been limited to 2mW to secure safety, and the laser provides three visible wavelengths: 488, 568, and 647 nm. Optical sections were digitized at video rate, providing easy and rapid measurements of the thickness of epidermal layers and time-resolved information. Unexpected details of the epidermis were recorded with the blue laser line. Melanin provided strong reflection of the basal keratinocytes instead of the absorption expected. The 3D reconstruction of the melanin cap in basal keratinocytes confirmed the behavior of melanosomes acting as myriads of nanomirrors that reflected light. Confocal images of the posterior aspect of the forearm were recorded before sun exposure and then for one month after exposure. There was a 25% increase in the thickness of the stratum corneum. Bright inclusions into the dark nucleus of numerous spinous cells were interpreted as local condensation of chromatin. Numerous bright intercellular filaments were attributed to melanosomes filling up dendrites of melanocytes. A striking observation concerned the lack of melanosome caps in basal keratinocytes. In vivo confocal microscopy affords new insight to the role of melanin and its gradual migration after sun exposure.
Performance comparison of fixed and moving relays under co-channel interference (2012)

In this paper, we study and compare the outage probability (OP) of a vehicular user of dual-hop moving relay node (MRN) assisted transmission, dual-hop transmission assisted by a fixed relay node (FRN), as well as of the baseline single-hop direct transmission under of co-channel interference. For an accurate comparison, we numerically optimize the FRN position which minimizes the average vehicular user OP. When vehicular penetration loss is moderate to high, MRN assisted transmission is shown to greatly outperform transmission assisted by an FRN as well as direct transmission. Hence the use of MRNs is very promising for improving the quality-of-service of vehicular users for future mobile communication systems.
Detection and characterization of spacer integration intermediates in type I-E CRISPR–Cas system (2014)

The adaptation against foreign nucleic acids by the CRISPR-Cas system (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins) depends on the insertion of foreign nucleic acid-derived sequences into the CRISPR array as novel spacers by still unknown mechanism. We identified and characterized in Escherichia coli intermediate states of spacer integration and mapped the integration site at the chromosomal CRISPR array in vivo. The results show that the insertion of new spacers occurs by site-specific nicking at both strands of the leader proximal repeat in a staggered way and is accompanied by joining of the resulting 5'-ends of the repeat strands with the 3'-ends of the incoming spacer. This concerted cleavage-ligation reaction depends on the metal-binding center of Cas1 protein and requires the presence of Cas2. By acquisition assays using plasmid-located CRISPR array with mutated repeat sequences, we demonstrate that the primary sequence of the first repeat is crucial for cleavage of the CRISPR array and the ligation of new spacer DNA.
Ranch Management (1949)

This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.
BIOMANIPULATING EFFECT OF GRASS CARP (CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA VAL.) IN ARTIFICIAL WATER CHANNELS (2016)

The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) is an important species used to control invasive aquatic macrophytes in many parts the world. In this study, we assess the diet of grass carp introduced to two artificial channels overgrown with aquatic vegetation. We examined forty 7+ to 9+ carp (517–814 mm standard length) sampled in the summers of 1998 and 2015. Aquatic vegetation was the dominant dietary item, with insects, fruit and vegetable remains (stones of Prunus sp., potato remains) and detritus a minor part of the diet. Aquatic plant biomass declined significantly at the study sites after carp were introduced, with coverage reduced from 65–70% of the water’s surface in summer 1998 to 10% in summer 2015.
Examination of Wax‐Coated RDX by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1985)

Abstract Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to examine the nature and quality of wax‐coated RDX crystals. SEM allows a visual assessment of wax‐coated crystals and comparison of different coating processes. XPS has allowed a semiquantitative determination of the degree of wax coverage by measurement of the carbon to nitrogen photoelectron emissions and calculation of the percentage of wax coverage using a simple mathematical treatment.
Investigation of zinc metalloneurochemistry with fluorescent sensors based on fluorescein platforms (2002)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, February 2003.
Investigation of Parallel Radiofrequency Transmission for the Reduction of Heating in Long Conductive Leads in 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2015)

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is increasingly used to treat a variety of brain diseases by sending electrical impulses to deep brain nuclei through long, electrically conductive leads. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients pre- and post-implantation is desirable to target and position the implant, to evaluate possible side-effects and to examine DBS patients who have other health conditions. Although MRI is the preferred modality for pre-operative planning, MRI post-implantation is limited due to the risk of high local power deposition, and therefore tissue heating, at the tip of the lead. The localized power deposition arises from currents induced in the leads caused by coupling with the radiofrequency (RF) transmission field during imaging. In the present work, parallel RF transmission (pTx) is used to tailor the RF electric field to suppress coupling effects. Electromagnetic simulations were performed for three pTx coil configurations with 2, 4, and 8-elements, respectively. Optimal input voltages to minimize coupling, while maintaining RF magnetic field homogeneity, were determined for all configurations using a Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm. Resulting electric and magnetic fields were compared to that of a 16-rung birdcage coil. Experimental validation was performed with a custom-built 4-element pTx coil. In simulation, 95-99% reduction of the electric field at the tip of the lead was observed between the various pTx coil configurations and the birdcage coil. Maximal reduction in E-field was obtained with the 8-element pTx coil. Magnetic field homogeneity was comparable to the birdcage coil for the 4- and 8-element pTx configurations. In experiment, a temperature increase of 2±0.15°C was observed at the tip of the wire using the birdcage coil, whereas negligible increase (0.2±0.15°C) was observed with the optimized pTx system. Although further research is required, these initial results suggest that the concept of optimizing pTx to reduce DBS heating effects holds considerable promise.
Balanced phase and polarization diversity coherent optical receiver (1991)

A balanced phase and polarization diversity receiver employing a compact bulk optical 90 degrees hybrid and a silicon bipolar multiplier IC is described. The compact bulk optical hybrid provides all required optical signals with well-defined phase relations in a single unit and is therefore a good solution of the problems associated with the complex structure of the optical part of the receiver. The multiplier IC has a dynamic range of at least 15 dB. It guarantees that variations of the signal power in the different detection branches of the receiver cause negligible degradation in both diversity operations. The receiver has been tested in a 565-Mb/s DPSK transmission system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of Ligands That Stabilize Cu(I) and Shift the Reduction Potential of the Cu<sup>II/I</sup> Couple Cathodically in Aqueous Solutions (1999)

The ligands R(2)NCH(2)CH(2)N(R)CH(2)CH(2)N(R)CH(2)CH=CH(2), where R = H, CH(3), were synthesized. The stability constants of their complexes with Cu(II) and Cu(I) in aqueous solutions were determined. Both ligands stabilize Cu(I) in aqueous solutions, though the reduction potentials of both (CuL(i)())(2+/+) couples are shifted cathodically in comparison to the Cu(2+/+)(aq) couple. These properties indicate that these complexes should be good catalysts for a variety of processes that are catalyzed by Cu(I).
Modal Parameter Tuning of an Axisymmetric Resonator via Mass Perturbation (2015)

This paper reports the permanent frequency mismatch reduction of the primary wineglass modes in a planar axisymmetric resonator by strategic mass loading. The resonator consists of a set of concentric rings that are affixed to neighboring rings by a staggered system of spokes. The outer layers of spokes are targets for mass deposition. This paper develops modified ring equations that guide the mass perturbation process, and despite the fact that the deposited mass and deposition locations are quantized, it is possible to systematically reduce the frequency difference of the wineglass modes to effective degeneracy such that two modes cannot be distinguished in a frequency response plot. Results on five resonators are reported with nominal wineglass modes near 14 kHz, quality factors of 50k, and frequency mismatches exceeding 30 Hz in some cases, but with postperturbation mismatches smaller than 80 mHz. Furthermore, it is also shown that the quality factors remain unchanged. [2014-0227]
Sprayable Foams Based on an Amphiphilic Biopolymer for Control of Hemorrhage Without Compression (2015)

Hemorrhage (severe blood loss) from traumatic injury is a leading cause of death for soldiers in combat and for young civilians. In some cases, hemorrhage can be stopped by applying compression of a tourniquet or bandage at the injury site. However, the majority of hemorrhages that prove fatal are "non-compressible", such as those due to an internal injury in the truncal region. Currently, there is no effective way to treat such injuries. In this initial study, we demonstrate that a sprayable polymer-based foam can be effective at treating bleeding from soft tissue without the need for compression. When the foam is sprayed into an open cavity created by injury, it expands and forms a self-supporting barrier that counteracts the expulsion of blood from the cavity. The active material in this foam is the amphiphilic biopolymer, hydrophobically modified chitosan (hmC), which physically connects blood cells into clusters via hydrophobic interactions (the hemostatic mechanism of hmC is thus distinct from the natural clotting cascade, and it works even with heparinized or citrated blood). The amphiphilic nature of hmC also allows it to serve as a stabilizer for the bubbles in the foam. We tested the hmC-based hemostatic foam for its ability to arrest bleeding from an injury to the liver in pigs. Hemostasis was achieved within minutes after application of the hmC foams (without the need for external compression). The total blood loss was 90% lower with the hmC foam relative to controls.
Micro-Dystrophin Gene Therapy Goes Systemic in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients (2018)

Whole-body systemic gene therapy is likely the most effective way to reduce greatly the disease burden of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked inherited muscle disease that leads to premature death in early adulthood. Genetically, DMD is due to null mutation of the dystrophin gene, one of the largest genes in the genome. Recent studies have shown highly promising improvements in animal models with intravascular delivery of the engineered micro-dystrophin gene by adeno-associated virus (AAV). Several human trials are now started to advance AAV micro-dystrophin therapy to DMD patients. This is a historical moment for the entire field. Results from these trials will shape the future of neuromuscular disease gene therapy.