gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Position Based Broadcast Mechanism for Inter-Vehicle Cooperative Warning (2009)

Broadcast is widely used in Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) to send emergent messages to the surrounding vehicles. However, with the increase of the broadcast messages, the possibility of conflicts between messages will rise dramatically, leading to a larger delivery latency or loss. A position based broadcast mechanism for inter-vehicle cooperative warning (P-BM) used in VANET is proposed in this paper. There are two strategies in P-BM, one is curb strategy which is used to reduce the redundancy, and the other one is forwarding strategy which uses the position of the vehicles to choose the next suitable forwarding node. Simulation results show that P-BM can efficiently reduce the number of the broadcast messages and enhance the promptness of message delivery, resulting in the decrease of latency and collision between vehicles.
Rapid <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> estimation with phase‐cycled variable nutation steady‐state free precession (2004)

Variable nutation SSFP (DESPOT2) permits rapid, high-resolution determination of the transverse (T2) relaxation constant. A limitation of DESPOT2, however, is the presence of T2 voids due to off-resonance banding artifacts associated with SSFP images. These artifacts typically occur in images acquired with long repetition times (TR) in the presence of B0 inhomogeneities, or near areas of magnetic susceptibility difference, such that the transverse magnetization experiences a net phase shift during the TR interval. This places constraints on the maximum spatial resolution that can be achieved without artifact. Here, a novel implementation of DESPOT2 is presented incorporating RF phase-cycling which acts to shift the spatial location of the bands, allowing reconstruction of a single, reduced artifact-image. The method is demonstrated in vivo with the acquisition of a 0.34 mm3 isotropic resolution T2 map of the brain with high precision and accuracy and significantly reduced artifact.
Hole-Mask Colloidal Nanolithography for Large-Area Low-Cost Metamaterials and Antenna-Assisted Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Substrates (2011)

We use low-cost hole-mask colloidal nanolithography to manufacture large-area resonant split-ring metamaterials and measure their infrared optical properties. This novel substrate is employed for antenna-assisted surface-enhanced infrared absorption measurements using octadecanethiol (ODT) and deuterated ODT, which demonstrates easy adjustability of our material to vibrational modes. Our method has the potential to make resonant plasmon-enhanced infrared spectroscopy a standard lab tool in biology, pharmacology, and medicine.
Ferrate Treatment for Removing Chromium from High-Level Radioactive Tank Waste (2000)

A method has been developed for removing chromium from alkaline high-level radioactive tank waste. Removing chromium from these wastes is critical in reducing the volume of waste requiring expensive immobilization and deep geologic disposition. The method developed is based on the oxidation of insoluble chromium(III) compounds to soluble chromate using ferrate. This method could be generally applicable to removing chromium from chromium-contaminated solids, when coupled with a subsequent reduction of the separated chromate back to chromium(III). The tests conducted with a simulated Hanford tank sludge indicate that the chromium removal with ferrate is more efficient at 5 M NaOH than at 3 M NaOH. Chromium removal increases with increasing Fe(VI)/Cr(II) molar ratio, but the chromium removal tends to level out for Fe(VI)/ Cr(III) greaterthan 10. Increasingtemperature leadsto better chromium removal, but higher temperatures also led to more rapid ferrate decomposition. Tests with radioactive Hanford tank waste generally confirmed the simulant results. In all cases examined, ferrate enhanced the chromium removal, with a typical removal of around 60-70% of the total chromium present in the washed sludge solids. The ferrate leachate solutions did not contain significant concentrations of transuranic elements, so these solutions could be disposed as low-activity waste.
Multi-dimensional temporal abstraction and data mining of medical time series data: Trends and challenges (2008)

This paper presents emerging trends in the area of temporal abstraction and data mining, as applied to multi-dimensional data. The clinical context is that of Neonatal Intensive Care, an acute care environment distinguished by multi-dimensional and high-frequency data. Six key trends are identified and classified into the following categories: (1) data; (2) results; (3) integration; and (4) knowledge base. These trends form the basis of next-generation knowledge discovery in data systems, which must address challenges associated with supporting multi-dimensional and real-world clinical data, as well as null hypothesis testing. Architectural drivers for frameworks that support data mining and temporal abstraction include: process-level integration (i.e. workflow order); synthesized knowledge bases for temporal abstraction which combine knowledge derived from both data mining and domain experts; and system-level integration.
One-dimensional transport in quantum well wire-high electron mobility transistor (1986)

A novel one-dimensional electron gas field-effect transistor (FET) is proposed with the advantages of higher electron mobility and higher carrier concentration than conventional two-dimensional electron gas FET. The FET structure, device operation, and the low-field mobility of impurity scattering, which takes the screening effect into account, are discussed.
Anti-HIV Inhibitors Based on Nucleic Acids: Emergence of Aptamers as Potent Antivirals (2003)

The development of resistance and the inability of currently approved antiretroviral drugs to completely eradicate HIV-1 have led to increased focus on therapies other than small molecules. Although nucleic acid-based intervention requires complex tasks involving intracellular delivery and/or stable expression in target cells, recent advances in gene therapy methods combined with continued progress in stem cell approaches have made nucleic acid-based compounds excellent candidates for effectively inhibiting intracellular targets. Consequently, multiple nucleic acid-based therapies are being developed. These include antisense nucleic acids, peptide nucleic acids and RNA decoys, which can interfere with HIV-1 replication. More recently, RNA interference, which exploits a novel cellular pathway, has been shown to effectively reduce viral titers in cell culture and promises to be a potential candidate for suppressing HIV replication in vivo. A promising candidate in the midst of these emerging approaches is the aptamer approach, which involves the use of a class of small nucleic acid molecules isolated from combinatorial libraries by an in vitro evolution protocol termed SELEX. Aptamers exhibit exquisite specificity, high affinity and the virtual lack of immunogenicity, features that make them exceptionally well-suited to combat HIV without affecting the host. The powerful nature of these specific antagonists of protein function could lead to the development of an effective anti-HIV therapy. Several highly specific, nucleic acid aptamers targeting select HIV proteins have been described. Investigations with anti-HIV RNA aptamers have shown an effective block to viral replication. This review summarizes the existing nucleic-acid based approaches to block HIV replication and attempts to chart the current progress in the development of aptamers against HIV, their use in inhibiting the virus replication, prospects for their use in the clinic and potential drawbacks.
Novel approaches for multi-modal imaging and fusion in orthopaedic research for analysis of bone and joint anatomy and motion (2009)

Faced with an increasingly aging and overweight population, our modern societies, particularly in the west, are set to witness a steep rise in various orthopaedic health problems in the coming decades, especially joint diseases such as arthritis. Better understanding of the way bones of the joints work is thus imperative for studying the nature and effects of these diseases and for finding cures. The data obtained from conventional sources such as skin markers and x-ray/fluoroscopy scans are generally useful but quite limited in terms of accuracy, quantification abilities and three-dimensional visualization potential. The continuous increase in the quality and versatility of various modern imaging modalities is enabling many new means for enhanced visualization and analysis of motion data of the joints. In this thesis we make use of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to facilitate robust, accurate and efficient analysis of the bones of joints in motion. We achieve this by obtaining motion data using 3D US with high temporal resolution which is then fused with a high spatial resolution, but static MRI volume of the same region (we mostly focus on the knee joint area). Our contributions include novel ways for improved segmentation and localization of the bones from image data. In particular, a highly effective method for improving bone segmentation in MRI volumes by enhancing the contrast at the bone-cartilage interface is proposed. Our contribution also focuses on robust and accurate registration of image data. To achieve this, a new method for stitching US bone volumes is proposed for generating larger fields of view. Further, we also present a novel method for US-MRI bone surface registration. The tools developed during the course of this thesis facilitate orthopaedic research efforts aiming to improving our understanding of the workings of the joints. The tools and methodologies proposed are versatile and expected to be applicable to other applications.
Beyond Gaussians: a study of single-spot modeling for scanning proton dose calculation (2012)

Active spot scanning proton therapy is becoming increasingly adopted by proton therapy centers worldwide. Unlike passive-scattering proton therapy, active spot scanning proton therapy, especially intensity-modulated proton therapy, requires proper modeling of each scanning spot to ensure accurate computation of the total dose distribution contributed from a large number of spots. During commissioning of the spot scanning gantry at the Proton Therapy Center in Houston, it was observed that the long-range scattering protons in a medium may have been inadequately modeled for high-energy beams by a commercial treatment planning system, which could lead to incorrect prediction of field size effects on dose output. In this study, we developed a pencil beam algorithm for scanning proton dose calculation by focusing on properly modeling individual scanning spots. All modeling parameters required by the pencil beam algorithm can be generated based solely on a few sets of measured data. We demonstrated that low-dose halos in single-spot profiles in the medium could be adequately modeled with the addition of a modified Cauchy-Lorentz distribution function to a double-Gaussian function. The field size effects were accurately computed at all depths and field sizes for all energies, and good dose accuracy was also achieved for patient dose verification. The implementation of the proposed pencil beam algorithm also enabled us to study the importance of different modeling components and parameters at various beam energies. The results of this study may be helpful in improving dose calculation accuracy and simplifying beam commissioning and treatment planning processes for spot scanning proton therapy.
A HUMAN RESOURCE ONTOLOGY FOR RECRUITMENT PROCESS (2009)

In this paper we propose a model of ontology for the human resource domain. We emphasize the benefits resulting from the application of Semantic Web technologies in the recruitment process. We use currently available standards and classifications to develop a human resource ontology which gives us means for semantic annotation of job postings and applications. Furthermore, we outline the process of semantic matching which improves the quality of query results. Finally, we propose the architecture of an evaluation system based on Semantic Web technologies.
PAPR Reduction in OFDM-IM Using Multilevel Dither Signals (2019)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) is a novel multicarrier scheme, which uses the indices of the active subcarriers to transmit data. The OFDM-IM also inherits the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem, which induces in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation when OFDM-IM signal passes through high-power amplifier (HPA). In this letter, dither signals are added in the idle subcarriers to reduce the PAPR. Unlike the previous work using single level dither signals, multilevel dither signals are used by exploiting that the amplitudes of the symbols in the active subcarriers are variously distributed for different subblocks. As a result, the proposed scheme gives the dither signals more freedom (a larger radius of dithering) in average while keeping the good demodulation performance. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve better bit error rate performance than the previous works with consideration of HPA.
Receptor-mediated adherence of Campylobacter pylori to mouse Y-1 adrenal cell monolayers (1989)

An in vitro adherence assay was developed to study the adherence of Campylobacter pylori to mammalian cells. Strains of C. pylori were isolated from individuals with gastritis. These strains possessed the fibrillar N-acetylneuraminyllactose(neuraminlactose)-binding hemagglutinin (NLBH) and were found to adhere to monolayers of mouse Y-1 adrenal cells. Adherence was rapid, prevented by pretreatment of the Y-1 cells with Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase, and blocked by the neuraminlactose-containing protein fetuin. Electron microscopy by the immunogold technique and with anti-NLBH antibody showed that NLBH was present at the sites of interaction between C. pylori and the Y-1 cells. These results indicate that the Y-1 monolayer is a valid model for receptor-specific adherence of C. pylori.
Quinazoline antifolate thymidylate synthase inhibitors: nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and chlorine substituents in the C2 position (1989)

The synthesis of 16 new N10-propargylquinazoline antifolates with methylamino, ethylamino, (2-aminoethyl)amino, [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino, (2-hydroxyethyl)amino, (carboxymethyl)amino, dimethylamino, imidazol-1-yl, methoxy, ethoxy, phenoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, 2-hydroxyethoxy, mercapto, methylthio, and chloro substituents at C2 is described. In general, the synthetic route involved the coupling of diethyl N-[4-(prop-2-ynylamino)benzoyl]-L-glutamate (5a) with 6-(bromomethyl)-2-chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinazoline in N,N-dimethylformamide with calcium carbonate as the base, displacement of the C2-chloro substituent with nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles, and deprotection using mild alkali. The C2-ether analogues were most conveniently prepared by coupling 5a with 6-(bromomethyl)-2,4-diakoxy(or diphenoxy)quinazolines. In this series the final deprotection step with aqueous alkali gave simultaneous selective hydrolysis of the C4-alkoxy or C4-phenoxy substituent. The compounds were tested as inhibitors of partially purified L1210 thymidylate synthase (TS). As a measure of cytotoxicity, they were examined for their inhibition of the growth of L1210 cells in culture. The C2-methoxy analogue 11a was equivalent to the previously described tight binding TS inhibitor N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (CB3717, ICI 155387, 1a) against the TS enzyme and exhibited enhanced potency in culture. The C2-methoxy substituent also gave a 110-fold enhancement in aqueous solubility relative to the C2-amine. These results suggest that 11a will be an interesting compound for further study as a potential antitumor agent in vivo. A further series of 2-methoxyquinazoline antifolates with modified alkyl substituents at N10 is also described. None of these analogues equalled the activity of 11a. Thus the propargyl group appears to be the optimum N10 substituent in both 2-amino- and 2-methoxyquinazoline antifolates.
Inversion of Soil Conductivity Profiles from Electromagnetic Induction Measurements (2002)

Noninvasive electromagnetic (EM) induction techniques are used for salinity monitoring of agricultural lands and contaminant detection in soils and shallow aquifers. This study has four objectives. The first objective is to summarize an earlier linear model of the response of the EM38 ground conductivity meter and to discuss a more accurate nonlinear response model. The second objective is to verify experimentally whether the linear and nonlinear models derived for homogeneous media are valid in heterogeneous soil profiles. The third objective is to present an inverse procedure that combines the nonlinear model with Tikhonov regularization. The fourth objective is the experimental verification of inverse procedures with the linear and nonlinear models for inversion of soil conductivity profiles using aboveground electromagnetic induction measurements on fourteen saline Californian soil profiles. The linear and nonlinear models derived for homogeneous media are indeed valid in heterogeneous soil profiles. However, since the errors of the linear model are approximately double those of the nonlinear model, the latter is the preferred one. A small difference was found in the errors of the inverse procedures between the linear and nonlinear models. In this study, the inverse procedures with the linear model and with the nonlinear model produce equally good solutions at EM38 measurements below 100 mS m −1 , while at higher electrical conductivities the inverse procedure with the nonlinear model appears to yield slightly better results. The inverse procedure with the linear model is preferred for all conductivities since it needs considerably less computer resources.
In vitro susceptibility of Haemophilus equigenitalis, the causative organism of contagious equine metritis 1977, to antimicrobial agents (1980)

The in vitro susceptibility of recent clinical isolates of Haemophilus equigenitalis to various antimicrobial agents was determined by the disk diffusion test and the World Health Organization-International Collaborative Study agar dilution procedure. Ampicillin and tetracycline were the most active drugs. All strains were susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin (Furadantin), and bacitracin. All but two strains were resistant to streptomycin, whereas all strains were susceptible to the other aminocyclitol antibodies. All strains were resistant to clindamycin, lincomycin, and metronidazole.
Treatment with etanercept and low monocyte concentration contribute to the risk of invasive aspergillosis in patients post allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2019)

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening complication among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) recipients. Despite well known risk factors and different available assays, diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis remains challenging. 103 clinical variables from patients with hematological malignancies and subsequent alloSCT were collected. Associations between collected variables and patients with (n = 36) and without IA (n = 36) were investigated by applying univariate and multivariable logistic regression. The predictive power of the final model was tested in an independent patient cohort (23 IA cases and 25 control patients). Findings were investigated further by in vitro studies, which analysed the effect of etanercept on A. fumigatus-stimulated macrophages at the gene expression and cytokine secretion. Additionally, the release of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in patient sera was studied. Low monocyte concentration (p = 4.8 × 10<sup>-06</sup>), severe GvHD of the gut (grade 2-4) (p = 1.08 × 10<sup>-02</sup>) and etanercept treatment of GvHD (p = 3.5 × 10<sup>-03</sup>) were significantly associated with IA. Our studies showed that etanercept lowers CXCL10 concentrations in vitro and ex vivo and down-regulates genes involved in immune responses and TNF-alpha signaling. Our study offers clinicians new information regarding risk factors for IA including low monocyte counts and administration of etanercept. After necessary validation, such information may be used for decision making regarding antifungal prophylaxis or closely monitoring patients at risk.
An efficient key predistribution scheme for ad hoc network security (2005)

We introduce hashed random preloaded subsets (HARPS), a highly scalable key predistribution (KPD) scheme employing only symmetric cryptographic primitives. HARPS is ideally suited for resource constrained nodes that need to operate for extended periods without active involvement of a trusted authority (TA), as is usually the case for nodes forming ad hoc networks (AHNs). HARPS, a probabilistic KPD scheme, is a generalization of two other probabilistic KPDs. The first, random preloaded subsets (RPSs), is based on random intersection of keys preloaded in nodes. The second, proposed by Leighton and Micali (LM) is a scheme employing repeated applications of a cryptographic hash function. We investigate many desired properties of HARPS like scalability, computational and storage efficiency, flexibility in deployment modes, renewability, ease of extension to multicast scenarios, ability to cater for broadcast authentication, broadcast encryption, etc., to support its candidacy as an enabler for ad hoc network security. We analyze and compare the performance of the three schemes and show that HARPS has significant advantages over other KPDs, and in particular, over RPS and LM.
Analysis of the loss of orthogonality through Doppler spread in OFDM systems (2003)

The paper quantifies the significant effects of Doppler spread in a time variant mobile radio channel on the performance of OFDM multi-carrier systems. A suitable model for OFDM is introduced and serves as the basis for the derivation of the inter-carrier interference (ICI) due to the loss of sub-carrier orthogonality. Several Doppler spectra are analyzed and compared, such as the classical and uniform distributions, as well as the case of two distinct values for the Doppler frequency. We can thus employ the computed variance of the ICI process, together with the channel noise, in system analyses and designs, and avoid lengthy time-domain simulations. We also analyze optimal receiver frequency synchronisation in the case of Doppler spreads.