gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medical management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure (2003)

Abnormalities in calcium and phosphorus metabolism are common, and metabolic bone disease develops often in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Effective clinical management includes measures to control phosphorus retention and prevent hyperphosphataemia, to maintain serum calcium concentrations within the normal range and to prevent excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion by the judicious use of vitamin D sterols. Certain of these interventions appear to increase the risk of soft tissue and vascular calcification in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), changes that may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. Current therapeutic approaches are thus being re-evaluated in an effort to limit these risks. Despite the importance of controlling phosphorus retention and preventing hyperphosphataemia in patients with CRF, current management strategies often are inadequate, particularly in those ingesting diets containing adequate amounts of protein. Results from clinical trials using daily haemodialysis strongly suggest that thrice-weekly haemodialysis regimens are only marginally adequate for achieving weekly phosphorus balance in many patients with ESRD. The safety of large oral doses of calcium as a phosphate-binding agent in patients with ESRD has also been questioned because excess amounts of calcium that are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract may lead to ongoing calcium retention in those with little or no residual renal function. Arterial calcification and cardiac valve calcification are two serious complications that adversely affect cardiovascular haemodynamics. The use of large, often supraphysiological, doses of calcitriol or other vitamin D sterols to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism may aggravate hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia, further increasing the risk of soft tissue and vascular calcification. Phosphate-binding agents that do not contain calcium, new vitamin D analogues and calcimimetic compounds offer new therapeutic alternatives for managing renal osteodystrophy. The integration of these novel agents into existing treatment regimens may provide safer and more effective methods for controlling secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal bone disease, while limiting the risks of soft tissue and vascular calcification in patients with CRF.
Hydroxyapatite Coatings (1988)

Four coating techniques were evaluated to determine which is most suitable for producing a dense, highly adherent coating onto metallic and ceramic implant materials. Two of the selected coating methods have serious limitations for use in this particular application, and did not meet the specified criteria for satisfactory coating as defined in the initial stages of the study. For example, the dip coating-sintering technique was judged to be unsatisfactory because of the adverse effect of the high-temperature sintering cycle on the mechanical properties of the metallic substrate materials. These materials could not be used in load-bearing applications because of the excessive grain growth and loss of the wrought structure of both the commercially pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V substrates, and the loss of ductility in the cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy. Another area of concern was that bond strength between the HA coating and the substrate was not high enough to insure that interfacial failure would not occur during the lifetime of the implant. The immersion-coating technique, in which the metal substrate is immersed into the molten ceramic, was shown in a previous study to be the best method of coating a bioreactive glass onto a Co-Cr-Mo implant. Heating HA above its melting temperature, however, caused undesired compositional and structural changes, and upon solidification very limited adherence between the modified ceramic and substrate material occurred under the conditions of this study. The HIP technique, in which the Ti powder substrate and the HA powder coating are sintered together in a high-pressure autoclave, shows great promise for the fabrication of high-quality composite implants. Initial studies have indicated that high-density Ti substrates with a small grain size that are well bonded to a dense HA coating can be produced under optimum conditions. Sintering and densification additives, such as SiO2 powder, do not appear to be necessary. The main drawback to this technique appears to be the reaction of the encapsulating material--whether soda glass, steel, or fused silica--to the HA coating. More extensive testing will necessary to determine the ideal conditions for the HIP technique, as efforts on this technique were discontinued in order to concentrate on the HIP technique, as efforts on this technique were discontinued in order to concentrate on the optimization of the sputter-coating technique so that coated implants for an animal study could be produced on schedule. Based on the results of this study, sputter coating appears to be the method of choice for forming a dense, adherent coating of HA onto a metal substrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The SANE Scanner Interface (1998)

SANE makes it easy to support a wide variety of devices and of applications with a minimum amount of programming effort
Application Support Architecture for a High-Performance, Programmable Secure Coprocessor (1999)

A &quot;secure system&quot; should be secure---but should also be a system that achieves some particular functionality. A family of secure systems that our group has been investigating (and building) are high-end secure coprocessors: devices that combine a general-purpose computing environment with high-performance cryptography inside a tamper-responding secure boundary. With the appropriate application software, such secure coprocessors can solve security problems that otherwise would be difficult or impossible. In this paper, we examine a high-end secure coprocessor as a system: the programming environment it must provide to support such on-card applications; the software and hardware architecture we developed and implemented to provide this support; and some of the lessons we learned from this development. This paper is not just an academic exercise, but a case study of commercial research and development (leading to a released product, the IBM 4758 [4]). 1. Introduction A &quot;secure system&quot;...
Coexistent Skin Lesions of Vitiligo and Psoriasis Vulgaris. Immunohistochemical Analyses for IL-17A-producing Cells and Regulatory T cells (2014)

Vitiligo vulgaris (VV) and psoriasis vulgaris (PV) are common dermatoses, with a worldwide occurrence of 0.5-1% and 1-3%, respectively. An imbalance between effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) can result in the pathogenesis of cutaneous immune diseases. In VV, interleukin (IL)-17-producing T-helper (Th) 17 cells are increased in the lesional skin as seen in PV (1). However, the number of Tregs is drastically reduced in the lesional skin of VV, which may allow an activation of effector T cells (2). In PV, an increased number of lesional Tregs was indicated (3, 4). While both lesional Th17 cells and Tregs are increased in PV, the ratio of Th17 cells to Tregs was shown to be inversely correlated with the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). It has recently been proposed that Tregs readily turn into Th17 cells in PV, which potentially perpetuates the inflammatory process that characterises the disease (5). Herein, we present a case with the coexistent skin lesions of VV and PV with immunohistochemical analyses.
A comprehensive framework for classification of nuclei in digital microscopy imaging: An application to diffuse gliomas (2011)

In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework to support classification of nuclei in digital microscopy images of diffuse gliomas. This system integrates multiple modules designed for convenient human annotations, standard-based data management, efficient data query and analysis. In our study, 2770 nuclei of six types are annotated by neuropathologists from 29 whole-slide images of glioma biopsies. After machine-based nuclei segmentation for whole-slide images, a set of features describing nuclear shape, texture and cytoplasmic staining is calculated to describe each nucleus. These features along with nuclear boundaries are represented by a standardized data model and saved in the spatial relational database in our framework. Features derived from nuclei classified by neuropathologists are retrieved from the database through efficient spatial queries and used to train distinct classifiers. The best average classification accuracy is 87.43% for 100 independent five-fold cross validations. This suggests that the derived nuclear and cytoplasmic features can achieve promising classification results for six nuclear classes commonly presented in gliomas. Our framework is generic, and can be easily adapted for other related applications.
π−π Interactions in Organometallic Systems. Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of Luminescent Mono-, Bi-, and Trinuclear Trans-cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes Derived from 2,6-Diphenylpyridine (2001)

A series of mono- and multinuclear dicyclometalated platinum(II) complexes, namely, [Pt(C∧N∧C)L1] [HC∧N∧CH = 2,6-diphenylpyridine; L1 = 4-tert-butylpyridine (1), 1-methyl-4,4‘-bipyridinium (MQ+) hexafluorophosphate (2(PF6)), 2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide (4), tricyclohexylphosphine (5), triphenylphosphine (7)], [Pt2(C∧N∧C)2(μ-L2)] [L2 = pyrazine (pyr; 3), bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)methane (dcpm; 6), bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm; 8)], and [Pt3(C∧N∧C)3(μ3-dpmp)] [dpmp = bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphine (9)], were synthesized from [Pt(C∧N∧C)dmso] (dmso = dimethyl sulfoxide). The X-ray crystal structures of 1, 3·CHCl3, 4, 6·CHCl3·CH3OH·4H2O, 7, 8 (yellow form), and 8·CHCl3 (orange form) have been determined. For complex 1, the Pt(C∧N∧C) units are oriented into pairs in a head-to-tail fashion with an interplanar separation of 3.40 Å. For complex 4, dimeric π−π overlap between Pt(C∧N∧C) and phenyl moieties in a head-to-tail manner is observed, with interplanar stacking at 3.39 Å. There are two crystal forms for complex 8. Only one intramolecular Pt(C∧N∧C)−phenyl π−π interaction (separation 3.381 Å) is apparent in the yellow form. For the orange form (8·CHCl3), there are two intramolecular Pt(C∧N∧C)−phenyl π−π contacts (separations 3.115 and 3.287 Å). For 3·CHCl3, the dihedral angles between the pyrazine and the two Pt(C∧N∧C) planes are 124.0° and 130.5°, which allows the possibility for partial orbital interaction between the (5d)Pt and pπ*(pyrazine) orbitals. Complexes 1 and 4−9 display vibronically structured emission (λmax of most intense band = 508−526 nm) in 77 K methanol/ethanol (1:5, v/v) glass, which are assigned to 3IL excited states. For 1, 4−6, 8, and 9, the 77 K structureless emission at λmax 596−636 nm in methanol/ethanol glasses is assigned as ππ* excimeric in nature. These excimeric emissions are concentration-dependent for 1 and 4−6 and concentration-independent for 8 and 9. The 298 K solid emission spectra of 1, 4−6, 8, and 9 are characterized by a broad, unstructured band at λmax 566−633 nm, which red-shift in energy upon cooling to 77 K. These bands are comparable in energy to the 77 K glassy emissions and are similarly assigned. Complexes 2 and 3 show an intense absorption at λmax 410 (shoulder) and 456 nm, which are ascribed to the MLCT (5d)Pt → π*(1-methyl-4,4‘-bipyridinium/pyrazine) transition, respectively. Likewise, the solid-state emissions of 2 and 3 at λmax 686 and 658 nm, respectively, are assigned as MLCT. The vapochromism of complex 8 has been investigated.
Synthesis of some New Pyrimidine and Condensed Pyrimidine Derivatives (1996)

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt <em>Manuscript received 11 January 1995, accepted 22 May 1995</em> Synthesis of some New Pyrimidine and Condensed Pyrimidine Derivatives.
Cognitive Results of Health Behavior Contracting (1982)

(1982). Cognitive Results of Health Behavior Contracting. Health Education: Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 21-23.
Magnetically responsive photonic watermarks on banknotes (2014)

A high performance photonic anti-counterfeiting watermark that can be incorporated into banknotes has been developed by combining a novel invisible photonic printing with a flexible, translucent and ultra-thin magnetic-responsive photonic display film. The photonic anti-counterfeiting watermark has latent colourful patterns that are lithographically printable and magnetically responsive, and can be easily perceived by the naked eye under magnetic fields. In addition, the distinct differences of the spectral characteristics between the invisible-form and the visible-form of the patterns can be accurately detected by using a special optical instrument, which makes the photonic anti-counterfeiting watermark provide double security information to identify the authenticity of banknotes. Moreover, the strategy allows accurate control of the optical diffraction colour and the structural design of the latent patterns. The fabrication process does not damage the banknotes and allows fast, convenient and scalable production at low-costs. The present work demonstrates that the fabrication of high performance photonic-crystal-based anti-counterfeiting devices on banknotes is possible.
Being Digital (1995)

From the Publisher:
Being Digital decodes the mysteries and debunks the hype surrounding bandwidth, multimedia, virtual reality, and the Internet. It forecasts technologies that will make your telephone as context-sensitive as an English butler and replace TV broadcasters with intelligent broadcatchers that assemble and deliver only the programming you want. And this book suggests what being digital will mean for our laws, education, politics, and amusements - in short, for the way we live.
Hypergolic oxidizer and fuel scrubber emissions (1995)

Hypergolic fuels and oxidizer are emitted to the environment during fueling and deservicing shuttle and other spacecraft. Such emissions are difficult to measure due to the intermittent purge flow and to the presence of suspended scrubber liquor. A new method for emissions monitoring was introduced in a previous paper. This paper is a summary of the results of a one-year study of shuttle launch pads and orbiter processing facilities (OPF's) which proved that emissions can be determined from field scrubbers without direct measurement of vent flow rate and hypergol concentration. This new approach is based on the scrubber efficiency, which was measured during normal operations, and on the accumulated weight of hypergol captured in the scrubber liquor, which is part of the routine monitoring data of scrubber liquors. To validate this concept, three qualification tests were performed, logs were prepared for each of 16 hypergol scrubbers at KSC, the efficiencies of KSC scrubbers were measured during normal operations, and an estimate of the annual emissions was made based on the efficiencies and the propellant buildup data. The results have confirmed that the emissions from the KSC scrubbers can be monitored by measuring the buildup of hypergol propellant in the liquor, and then using the appropriate efficiency to calculate the emissions. There was good agreement between the calculated emissions based on outlet concentration and flow rate, and the emissions calculated from the propellant buildup and efficiency. The efficiencies of 12 KSC scrubbers, measured under actual servicing operations and special test conditions, were assumed to be valid for all subsequent operations until a significant change in hardware occurred. An estimate of the total emissions from 16 scrubbers for three years showed that 0.3 kg/yr of fuel and 234 kg/yr of oxidizer were emitted.
A Corn Seedling Assay for Resistance to<i>Fusarium moniliforme</i> (1994)

Fusarium moniliforme, mating population A, causes various disease symptoms and produces several mycotoxins on corn. This fungus is one of the causal agents of seedling blight of corn. A test was designed to determine the pathogenicity of F. moniliforme isolates and to test for resistance in corn against this pathogen. The test is conducted conveniently under laboratory conditions. After a 21-day period, either a fungal isolate or a corn cultivar can be tested for pathogenicity or seedling resistance, respectively. The results, obtained from a limited number of corn cultivars, established that there is resistance to the fungus at the seedling stage. Inbreds were more resistant than parental types used in the initial crosses
A high effieciency DC/DC boost regulator with adaptive off/on-time control (2013)

An inductor switching DC/DC boost regulator with adaptive off/on time (AOOT) control is proposed in this paper. This system works with adaptive-off-time control in CCM while adaptive-on-time control in DCM. The burden caused by the switching frequency variation is reduced due to the quasi-fixed frequency switching by adaptive-off-time modulation under heavy-load condition. In DCM, adaptive-on-time takes over the operation and improves the power efficiency under light-load condition. In another way, an on-chip sense-FET current sensor is used to decrease the conduction loss caused by the conventional sensing resistor on power stage. The AOOT control boost regulator was implemented with a 0.25 μm high voltage (HV) CMOS process. For conversion specification of 5 V to 12V with a 0~300mA load range, peak efficiency of 92.5% is achieved. Measurement results show that the switching frequency keeps constant at 950 kHz in CCM.
Tuning Water Sorption in Highly Stable Zr(IV)-Metal–Organic Frameworks through Local Functionalization of Metal Clusters (2018)

Water adsorption of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is attracting intense interest because of their potential applications in atmospheric water harvesting, dehumidification, and adsorption-based heating and cooling. In this work, through using a hexacarboxylate ligand, four new isostructural Zr(IV)-MOFs (BUT-46F, -46A, -46W, and -46B) with rare low-symmetric 9-connected Zr<sub>6</sub> clusters were synthesized and structurally characterized. These MOFs are highly stable in water, HCl aqueous solution (pH = 1), and NaOH aqueous solution (pH = 10) at room temperature, as well as in boiling water. Interestingly, the rational modification of the metal clusters in these MOFs with different functional groups (HCOO<sup>-</sup>, CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>-</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O/OH, and PhCOO<sup>-</sup>) enables the precise tuning of their water adsorption properties, which is quite important for given application. Furthermore, all four MOFs show excellent regenerability under mild conditions and good cyclic performance in water adsorption.
Stability of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein and Parathyroid Hormone at Room Temperature (1994)

The stability of plasma parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) as measured by the Nichols Institute assay at room temperature was assessed over a period of 72 h in blood samples collected in protease inhibitor tubes and EDTA tubes at 0, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h from 10 patients with hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Mean plasma PTHrP concentrations in blood samples collected in protease inhibitor tubes remained stable for up to 48 h but had decreased by 10% at 72 h. The mean EDTA plasma PTHrP at zero time was 67% of the protease inhibitor tube value and this had fallen to 39% at 72 h. The stability of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in separated blood samples was also assessed by collection into heparin and plain tubes as well as EDTA and protease inhibitor tubes. Serum PTH concentrations progressively declined throughout the 72 h study period although the zero time values were significantly higher than corresponding plasma PTH concentrations. Plasma PTH concentrations appeared to be stable when blood was collected in heparin, EDTA and protease inhibitor tubes during the 72 h period, except in one subject with markedly elevated plasma amylase activity.
Inversion of feedforward neural networks: algorithms and applications (1999)

There are many methods for performing neural network inversion. Multi-element evolutionary inversion procedures are capable of finding numerous inversion points simultaneously. Constrained neural network inversion requires that the inversion solution belong to one or more specified constraint sets. In many cases, iterating between the neural network inversion solution and the constraint set can successfully solve constrained inversion problems. This paper surveys existing methodologies for neural network inversion, which is illustrated by its use as a tool in query-based learning, sonar performance analysis, power system security assessment, control, and generation of codebook vectors.
LAB-ON-A-DISC FOR SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF BLOOD CHEMISTRY AND IMMUNOASSAY (2008)

We report a fully integrated lab-on-a-disc that can perform both of multiple chemical analyses and immunoassay on a disc. The concentrations of 12 analytes to test liver related diseases risk and Anti-HCV are reported within 30 minutes by simply inserting a disc to a portable device (Figure 1a). In our blood analyzer, whole blood is applied directly to a disposable disc containing 12 different kinds of reagents for the blood chemistry analysis as well as reagents required for the immunoassay to detect Anti-HCV. The absorbance can be measured at 10 different wavelengths to accommodate various kinds of reaction protocols.
Structural disorder serves as a weak signal for intracellular protein degradation (2007)

Targeted turnover of proteins is a key element in the regulation of practically all basic cellular processes. The underlying physicochemical and/or sequential signals, however, are not fully understood. This issue is particularly pertinent in light of the recent recognition that intrinsically unstructured/disordered proteins, common in eukaryotic cells, are extremely susceptible to proteolytic degradation in vitro. The in vivo half-lives of proteins were determined recently in a high-throughput study encompassing the entire yeast proteome; here we examine whether these half-lives correlate with the presence of classical degradation motifs (PEST region, destruction-box, KEN-box, or the N-terminal residue) or with various physicochemical characteristics, such as the size of the protein, the degree of structural disorder, or the presence of low-complexity regions. Our principal finding is that, in general, the half-life of a protein does not depend on the presence of degradation signals within its sequence, even of ubiquitination sites, but correlates mainly with the length of its polypeptide chain and with various measures of structural disorder. Two distinct modes of involvement of disorder in degradation are proposed. Susceptibility to degradation of longer proteins, containing larger numbers of residues in conformational disorder, suggests an extensive function, whereby the effect of disorder can be ascribed to its mere physical presence. However, after normalization for protein length, the only signal that correlates with half-life is disorder, which indicates that it also acts in an intensive manner, that is, as a specific signal, perhaps in conjunction with the recognition of classical degradation motifs. The significance of correlation is rather low; thus protein degradation is not determined by a single characteristic, but is a multi-factorial process that shows large protein-to-protein variations. Protein disorder, nevertheless, plays a key signalling role in many cases.