gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Power, Narrow-Linewidth, Miniaturized Silicon Photonic Tunable Laser With Accurate Frequency Control (2019)

We have demonstrated a hybrid-integrated silicon photonic (SiPh) tunable laser in a miniaturized package suitable for coherent modules in small form factors such as OSFP and QSFP-DD. Through the integration of an in-house-designed high-power semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), the developed SiPh laser has achieved a record-high output power of 21.5 dBm across the C-band. Also, this laser exhibits narrow linewidths down to 60 kHz, SMSR larger than 50 dB, low relative intensity noise below -150 dB/Hz, and a broad tuning range of 65 nm. These performance parameters are preferable for 400 Gb/s and beyond coherent communications using advanced high-order modulation formats. Moreover, an on-chip integrated sensor technology was developed for accurate laser frequency control. We have achieved 1 GHz frequency stability of SiPh laser against SOA current changes or package temperature variations between 10 °C and 80 °C. We further show the feasibility of this developed SiPh laser for 64 Gbaud, 16/64 QAM coherent transmission by integrating with an in-house InP-PLC hybrid coherent optical subassembly (COSA).
Modeling of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Reactive Distillation Processes (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Equilibrium Stage Models Non-equilibrium Stage Modeling The Conventional NEQ Model NEQ Modeling of Reactive Distillation Homogeneous Systems Heterogeneous Systems NEQ Cell Model Properties, Hydrodynamics, and Mass Transfer Comparison of EQ and NEQ Models A View of Reactive Distillation Process Design Notation
Electron Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure Photochemical Ionization in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Amino Acids (2003)

The mass spectra of tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivatives of 17 amino acids were obtained using electron ionization (EI) and atmospheric pressure photochemical ionization (APPhCI) mass spectrometry. The APPhCI mass spectra for all of the derivatives except arginine were shown to consist of only molecular [M](+.) and quasimolecular [MH](+) ions whereas, in the case of EI, the compounds in question underwent a drastic fragmentation. The application of APPhCI to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry enables a reliable identification of the TBDMS derivatives of amino acids in a mixture, even if its components are only partially resolved, due to the unique molecular masses for each compound. Comparison of the respective positive-ion chemical ionization (PICI) mass spectra available in the literature with APPhCI spectra has shown that, in the case of PICI, unlike APPhCI, noticeable fragmentation occurs.
Quantitative evaluation of the expression of MAGE genes in tumors by limiting dilution of cDNA libraries (1999)

The MAGE-A genes are expressed in tumor cells but not in healthy tissues, except in male germ line cells and in placenta. They encode tumor-specific antigens recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). On the basis of semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, 6 of the 12 members of the MAGE-A family, including MAGE-A1, were previously reported to have a high level of expression in tumors, whereas 5 other members, including MAGE-A10, were expressed at a much lower level, deemed to be insufficient for CTL recognition. However, analysis with antibodies has shown that some melanoma cell lines contain equivalent amounts of MAGE-A1 and MAGE-A10 proteins. This discrepancy appeared to be due to the low efficacy of the primers that had been used for the previous MAGE-A10 RT-PCR assays. This led us to develop a method that is independent of the efficacy of the PCR primers to evaluate MAGE-A gene expression. cDNA libraries from tumor cell lines were introduced into bacteria, of which 200 pools of about 500 bacteria were maintained in microcultures. The frequencies of the MAGE-A cDNA clones in each library were evaluated by performing PCR assays on each of these pools. The abundance of MAGE-A10 cDNAs was found to be similar to that of MAGE-A1 in 3 of the libraries that were analyzed, including 2 with high expression (1/6,400), confirming that MAGE-A10 is expressed at a high level. MAGE-A2, A3, A4, A6 and A12 cDNAs were also confirmed often to be present at a frequency of more than 1/10,000, a level of expression that should suffice for recognition of antigenic peptides encoded by these genes by cytolytic T cells. The remaining MAGE genes are either not expressed in tumors or are expressed at a very low level, with the exception of MAGE-A8 and 11, which show high expression in a very small number of tumors. This method also allowed us to isolate 5 MAGE-A cDNAs that we had not obtained previously, enabling us to delineate the exons in the sequences of genes MAGE-A5, A8, A9, A10 and A11. Int. J. Cancer 83:664–669, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Size‐Controllable Luminescent Single Crystal CaF<sub>2</sub> Nanocubes. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Game of Hide and Seek in Bankruptcy: The Supreme Court Levels the Playing Field, The (2004)

Certain debts are categorically barred from discharge through bankruptcy. Debt for money obtained by fraud is one such category. In Archer v. Warner, the United States Supreme Court addressed the issue of whether a voluntary settlement agreement between the parties that generally released underlying fraud claims so changed the nature of the debt as to render it dischargeable in bankruptcy. This Note explores the analysis employed by the Court and argues that, in light of the Court’s precedent in this area and underlying purpose of the Code, the Court in Archer reached the correct conclusion.
Pesticides: Preparation and Mode of Action (1978)

Discusses general principles underlying major types of chemical pesticides with a brief history of their development. Emphasizes methods of chemical preparation, uses, biochemical mode of action, and environmental effects. Includes chapters on future developments and on novel methods of pest control such as attractants, chemostimulants, growth hormone chemicals, and microbial insecticides.
Sliding Tokens on a Cactus (2016)

Given two independent sets I and J of a graph G, imagine that a token (coin) is placed on each vertex in I. Then, the Sliding Token problem asks if one could transforms I to J using a sequence of elementary steps, where each step requires sliding a token from one vertex to one of its neighbors, such that the resulting set of vertices where tokens are placed still remains independent. In this paper, we describe a polynomial-time algorithm for solving Sliding Token in case the graph G is a cactus. Our algorithm is designed based on two observations. First, all structures that forbid the existence of a sequence of token slidings between I and J, if exist, can be found in polynomial time. A no-instance may be easily deduced using this characterization. Second, without such forbidden structures, a sequence of token slidings between I and J does exist.
Recommendation-Based Trust Model for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) (2019)

An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is one of the main systems which have been developed to achieve safe traffic and efficient transportation. It enables the vehicles to establish connections with other road entities and infrastructure units using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. As a consequence, all road entities become exposed to either internal or external attacks. Internal attacks cannot be detected by traditional security schemes. In this article, a recommendation-based trust model for V2X communications is proposed to defend against internal attacks. Four types of malicious attacks are analyzed. In addition, we conduct various experiments with different percentage of malicious nodes to measure the performance of the proposed model. In comparison with the existing model, the proposed model shows an improvement in network throughput and the detection rate for all types of considered malicious behaviors. Our model improves the packet dropping rate (PDR) with 36% when the percentage of malicious nodes is around 87.5%.
Surface-Immobilized Peptide Aptamers as Probe Molecules for Protein Detection (2008)

We demonstrate the use of surface-immobilized, oriented peptide aptamers for the detection of specific target proteins from complex biological solutions. These peptide aptamers are target-specific peptides expressed within a protein scaffold engineered from the human protease inhibitor stefin A. The scaffold provides stability to the inserted peptides and increases their binding affinity owing to the resulting three-dimensional constraints. A unique cysteine residue was introduced into the protein scaffold to allow orientation-specific surface immobilization of the peptide aptamer and to ensure exposure of the binding site to the target solution. Using dual-polarization interferometry, we demonstrate a strong relationship between binding affinity and aptamer orientation and determine the affinity constant KD for the interaction between an oriented peptide aptamer ST(cys+)_(pep9) and the target protein CDK2. Further, we demonstrate the high selectivity of the peptide aptamer STM_(pep9) by exposing surface-immobilized ST(cys+)_(pep9) to a complex biological solution containing small concentrations of the target protein CDK2.
A study on the recognition of the Korean monothongs using artificial neural net models (2002)

The implementation and comparison of various artificial neural network models for recognition of Korean monothongs are reported. The goal is to develop an intelligent speech-based man-machine computer interface. The neural networks used were the multilayer perceptron, the time-delay neural net, the self-organizing feature map, and the interactive and competitive model. These four models were compared with respect to recognition rate and learning speed under various conditions. Experiments taking context effects, the most important problem in recognizing phonemes from continuous speech, into consideration were also performed. The models showed 90%-96% recognition rate for a male speaker. A strategy for Korean speech recognition using artificial neural networks has been developed on the basis of these results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
INHIBITION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS MULTIPLICATION BY N-GLYCOSIDES OF BENZIMIDAZOLES (1954)

Chloro derivatives of benzimidazole were found to be 2 to 3 times more active than corresponding methyl derivatives in causing inhibition of Lee virus multiplication in chorioallantoic membrane cultures in vitro. The most active benzimidazole derivative thus far tested is 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB); it caused 75 per cent inhibition of Lee virus multiplication in membrane cultures at a concentration of 0.38 x 10(-4)M. On the other hand, 5,6-dimethyl-1-alpha;-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, the moiety present in vitamin B(12), failed to inhibit Lee virus multiplication at a concentration of 35 x 10(-4)M. Other N-glycosides of 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole were considerably less active than DRB. In single cycle experiments, the degree of inhibition of Lee virus multiplication by DRB in membrane cultures was not dependent on the amount of virus in the inoculum. This compound did not inactivate the infectivity of extracellular Lee virus, had no effect on virus-erythrocyte interaction, did not interfere with the adsorption of the virus by the host tissue, nor affect the release of newly formed virus from the membrane. The inhibitory effect of DRB on Lee virus multiplication, in contrast to that of 2,5-dimethylbenzimidazole, persisted after transfer of infected membranes into fresh culture medium not containing the compound. Both DRB and the 2,5-dimethyl compound caused 99 per cent inhibition of Lee virus multiplication without affecting oxygen uptake of the membrane. Tissue proliferation of membrane pieces in roller tube culture was not significantly affected by DRB at inhibitory concentration, whereas at equivalent concentration the 2,5-dimethyl compound did restrict cellular growth. At higher concentrations, both compounds caused retardation of cell proliferation. This effect was reversible on removal of either compound from the medium. The multiplication of several strains of influenza A and B viruses, i.e. Lee, MB, PR8, and FM1, was inhibited to the same degree by each of the two compounds; DRB was 35 times more active than the 2,5-dimethyl compound relative to each of the strains. DRB caused inhibition of Lee virus multiplication in intact embryonated chicken eggs and in mice without causing significant signs of toxicity in either host. Some of the implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the mechanism of the inhibition of influenza virus multiplication.
Flat spiral delay line design with minimum crosstalk penalty (1996)

A novel routing scheme for the planar delay line is proposed to minimize the signal distortion and delay time penalty incurred by the backward propagating crosstalk among the sections of delay line. In contrast to the commonly employed serpentine delay line in which the crosstalk noise accumulates synchronously to drastically deteriorate the receiving waveform, the new flat spiral delay line design spreads the crosstalk noise uniformly in time and avoids the crosstalk penalty. A simple wave tracing model is employed to describe qualitatively the spreading mechanism of the new design. Furthermore, quantitative analysis, simulation, and TDT/TDR measurement are performed to validate the advantage and utility of this design.
Measurement of Monoenergetic Neutron Yields with a Simplified Telescope (1958)

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The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in fresh tissue specimens from patients with ectopic pregnancy or tubal factor infertility as determined by PCR and in-situ hybridisation (2001)

The prevalence of chlamydial DNA determined by PCR and in-situ hybridisation (ISH) in fresh tissue specimens (endometrium, fallopian tube and ovary) was investigated in 33 women presenting with ectopic pregnancy (EP), 14 women with tubal factor infertility (TFI) and 50 control patients from the UK and the West Indies. In the UK EP group, chlamydial DNA was detected by PCR in 56% of patients; similar results were found in the Trinidad EP group (67%). In the TFI group, chlamydial DNA was detected in (71%) of patients by PCR. The detection of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA by ISH was highest in the TFI group (43%). Women presenting with EP and TFI showed evidence of previous or current genital C. trachomatis infection, underlining the importance of this microorganism in the development of these conditions. Importantly, chlamydial DNA could be detected in DNA preparations from the endometrium, fallopian tube and ovary of EP and TFI patients at the time of surgery.
Politics, Economics and Regions (1976)

According to much regional theory there should be no regional problem. Its premises assume a harmonious self-adjustment in an idealised capitalist system. They maintain that if companies took work to where labour was most available while labour also migrated to where work could be found, everything would balance out. In such a way disparities in profits, wages and employment between different regions would be merely frictional. The resulting society might still be subject to class divisions between organised capital and organised labour, but social class divisions would not be aggravated by regional differentials in employment and income.
The Anticancer, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of the Sesquiterpene β-Caryophyllene from the Essential Oil of Aquilaria crassna (2015)

The present study reports a bioassay-guided isolation of β-caryophyllene from the essential oil of Aquilaria crassna. The structure of β-caryophyllene was confirmed using FT-IR, NMR and MS. The antimicrobial effect of β-caryophyllene was examined using human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Its anti-oxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH and FRAP scavenging assays. The cytotoxicity of β-caryophyllene was tested against seven human cancer cell lines. The corresponding selectivity index was determined by testing its cytotoxicity on normal cells. The effects of β-caryophyllene were studied on a series of in vitro antitumor-promoting assays using colon cancer cells. Results showed that β-caryophyllene demonstrated selective antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC 3 ± 1.0 µM) and more pronounced anti-fungal activity than kanamycin. β-Caryophyllene also displayed strong antioxidant effects. Additionally, β-caryophyllene exhibited selective anti-proliferative effects against colorectal cancer cells (IC50 19 µM). The results also showed that β-caryophyllene induces apoptosis via nuclear condensation and fragmentation pathways including disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Further, β-caryophyllene demonstrated potent inhibition against clonogenicity, migration, invasion and spheroid formation in colon cancer cells. These results prompt us to state that β-caryophyllene is the active principle responsible for the selective anticancer and antimicrobial activities of A. crassnia. β-Caryophyllene has great potential to be further developed as a promising chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal malignancies.
Demonstration and analysis of reduced reverse-bias leakage current via design of nitride semiconductor heterostructures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (2006)

An approach for reducing reverse-bias leakage currents in Schottky contacts formed to nitride semiconductor heterostructures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy is described, demonstrated, and analyzed. By incorporation of a GaN cap layer atop a conventional AlxGa1−xN∕GaN heterostructure field-effect transistor epitaxial layer structure, the direction of the electric field at the metal-semiconductor interface of a Schottky contact is reversed, resulting in a suppression of electron flow into conductive screw dislocations that are known to dominate reverse-bias leakage currents in nitride semiconductors grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Analysis of temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics indicates that, in structures incorporating a GaN cap layer, reverse-bias leakage currents are reduced by one to three orders of magnitude, with the mechanism for leakage current flow differing from that established previously for the more conventional structure due to the alteration in the electric field at the metal-semiconductor interface. Scanned probe measurements of local, nanoscale current distributions confirm directly that current flow via conductive dislocations is suppressed in structures incorporating the GaN cap layer.
압전소자를 이용한 자가발전형 다기능 트레드밀 설계 (2012)

본 논문에서는 트레드밀의 전원공급을 보조하는 압전소자를 이용한 자가발전형 트레드밀을 제안한다. 이를 위해 기존 트레드밀의 발판을 압전소자 발판으로 교체하고, 트레드밀의 발판에 발전된 전기를 저장하기 위한 충전지를 두며, 해당 발판의 압전소자를 이용하여 트레드밀에 재사용 할 수 있는 전원을 생산한다. 본 연구 결과로 트레드밀의 구동전력효율의 향상을 기대할 수 있다.
Novel 6-alkoxypurine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides as inhibitors of the cytopathic effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (1993)

Twenty-one 6-alkoxypurine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides were enzymatically synthesized with nucleoside phosphorylases purified from E. coli. Eighteen analogs exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity in MT4 cells. Two analogs, 6-(hexyloxy)-(17) and 6-(heptyloxy)-(18) purine 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside, were as potent as 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI, didanosine, Videx). Although the antiviral activities of 17 and 18 were equivalent, 18 was more cytotoxic. Analogs containing less than four carbons in the 6-alkoxypurine substituent exhibited weak anti-HIV-1 activity. Analogs containing more than seven carbons in the 6-alkoxypurine substituent were too cytotoxic to be effectively evaluated for antiviral activity. Several 6-alkoxypurine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides were evaluated for substrate activity with calf intestinal adenosine deaminase (ADA). Increasing the carbon chain length of the 6-alkoxypurine substituent decreased the rate of dealkoxylation. The best substrate in this series was 6-methoxypurine 2',3'-dideoxynucleaside (1); however, the rate of dealkoxylation of 100 microM 1 was 0.17% of the rate of deamination of 100 microM 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine. Compound 17, the most potent anti-HIV-1 analog, was not a substrate for ADA. EHNA (erthro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine), a potent inhibitor of ADA, had little effect on the antiviral activities of 17 and ddI. In contrast, coformycin, a potent inhibitor of both ADA and AMP deaminase, dramatically decreased the antiviral activity of 17, but not the antiviral activity of ddI. Thus, AMP deaminase appeared to be involved in the anabolism of 17. The pharmacokinetic profile of 17, the most promising analog in this series, was determined in the rat. At least seventeen metabolites of 17, including ddI, were detected in plasma samples. This analog also had poor oral bioavailability.
Intraoperative Frontal Alpha-Band Power Correlates with Preoperative Neurocognitive Function in Older Adults (2017)

Each year over 16 million older Americans undergo general anesthesia for surgery, and up to 40% develop postoperative delirium and/or cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Delirium and POCD are each associated with decreased quality of life, early retirement, increased 1-year mortality, and long-term cognitive decline. Multiple investigators have thus suggested that anesthesia and surgery place severe stress on the aging brain, and that patients with less ability to withstand this stress will be at increased risk for developing postoperative delirium and POCD. Delirium and POCD risk are increased in patients with lower preoperative cognitive function, yet preoperative cognitive function is not routinely assessed, and no intraoperative physiological predictors have been found that correlate with lower preoperative cognitive function. Since general anesthesia causes alpha-band (8-12 Hz) electroencephalogram (EEG) power to decrease occipitally and increase frontally (known as "anteriorization"), and anesthetic-induced frontal alpha power is reduced in older adults, we hypothesized that lower intraoperative frontal alpha power might correlate with lower preoperative cognitive function. Here, we provide evidence that such a correlation exists, suggesting that lower intraoperative frontal alpha power could be used as a physiological marker to identify older adults with lower preoperative cognitive function. Lower intraoperative frontal alpha power could thus be used to target these at-risk patients for possible therapeutic interventions to help prevent postoperative delirium and POCD, or for increased postoperative monitoring and follow-up. More generally, these results suggest that understanding interindividual differences in how the brain responds to anesthetic drugs can be used as a probe of neurocognitive function (and dysfunction), and might be a useful measure of neurocognitive function in older adults.
The effect of discrete power levels on energy-efficient wireless broadcast in ad hoc networks (2003)

We take initial steps toward developing energy-efficient broadcast algorithms for ad hoc wireless networks that operate under changing connectivity conditions. Such algorithms need to be distributed. To be distributed these algorithms need to probe neighboring nodes to determine possible connectivities at different power levels. We proceed toward this goal by revisiting and modifying previously obtained broadcast algorithms that were centralized and in which the exact levels of minimally necessary RF power to reach neighboring nodes could be determined. Instead, we now constrain RF power to take values from a finite discrete set, and evaluate the impact on algorithm performance. We then discuss further modifications for distributed operation.