gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified Phase Zero Method for Ultrasound Freehand Strain Imaging (2009)

Ultrasound elastography is the technique of obtaining tissue stiffness information. In tumor diagnosis, the stiffness of the tissue is one of the most important parameters for tissue characterization, the more accurate stiffness information clinic doctors obtain, the more reliable diagnosis conclusion they can make. In ultrasound elastography, motion tracking between two successive frames plays a key role for strain estimation. Many algorithms have been presented recently; however, most of them are either inefficient for real time or not robust for general clinical applications. In this paper we developed an I/Q based freehand strain imaging technique including methods to handle decorrelation due to side slide, reduce the calculation from the phase zero method, provide a pre-processing for better strain imaging quality, and offer an interactive guidance for freehand manipulation of strain image acquisition. Our method has been integrated into a commercial ultrasound scanner and test imaging from a strain phantom has demonstrated that our method can consistently detect different level of lesion stiffness in real time.
5G, Blockchain and IPFS: A General Survey with Possible Innovative Applications in Industry 4.0 (2018)

The Industry 4.0 is experiencing significant challenges, including the need for an increased amount of data transmission with improved security, transparency and credibility. The 5th Generation Mobile Network (5G) and Blockchain are innovative emerging technologies that can respond to these needs. 5
Control systems for scanning tunneling microscopes with tube scanners (1989)

The design of the control system for a scanning tunneling microscope is described. The control system was optimized for a tube scanner instrument and for constant-current-mode operation. The optimization process included measurement of the transient and frequency responses of the instrument, design of the appropriate control electronics, and development of software consistent with the characteristics of the instrument and electronics. The limiting factor for tube scanner performance was found to be the transient settling time rather than the lowest mechanical resonant frequency of the tube. The settling time for the mechanical resonances of the tube scanner was reduced from 100 to 1 ms by potting the device with silicone rubber. After the potting procedure, the sensitivity of the tube scanner was essentially unchanged.
Phase I Trial of Combretastatin A-4 Phosphate with Carboplatin (2005)

This study of CA4P and carboplatin given in combination showed dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling permitted the inference that altered carboplatin pharmacokinetics caused the increment in platelet toxicity.
A naturally occurring C-terminal truncated isoform of the latent nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus does not associate with viral episomal DNA (2004)

The latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) encoded by orf73 of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) binds to viral episomal DNA and nuclear heterochromatin in infected cells. A 3.2 kb transcript in KSHV-positive primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells (BCP-1 and BC-3) encoding a C-terminal truncated form of LANA (LANA-Delta76) has been identified. This transcript has the addition of a poly(A) tail at nt 3264 of orf73 resulting in an in-frame stop codon (TAA) effectively truncating LANA by 76 aa ( approximately 8 kDa). Examination of the coding region revealed the presence of a non-canonical polyadenylation signal (AGTAAA) 17 nt upstream of the poly(A) tail. The protein expressed from this transcript is representative of the faster migration of the LANA doublet bands observed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Mutation of the poly(A) signal from AGTAAA to TGTACA produced a protein that co-migrated with the larger LANA isoform. A C-terminal LANA-Delta76 EGFP fusion protein localized to the nucleus but did not co-localize with endogenous LANA in BCP-1 cells, or heterochromatin in HEK293 cells. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), the authors were able to show that LANA-Delta76 does not bind to the KSHV terminal repeat motif known to interact with LANA. These data provide evidence for the presence of an isoform of LANA that may perform alternative functions in KSHV-infected cells.
FPGA Based Silicon Spiking Neural Array (2007)

Rapid design time, low cost, flexibility, digital precision, and stability are characteristics that favor FPGAs as a promising alternative to analog VLSI based approaches for designing neuromorphic systems. High computational power as well as low size, weight, and power (SWAP) are advantages that FPGAs demonstrate over software based neuromorphic systems. We present an FPGA based array of Leaky-Integrate and Fire (LIF) artificial neurons. Using this array, we demonstrate three neural computational experiments: auditory Spatio-Temporal Receptive Fields (STRFs), a neural parameter optimizing algorithm, and an implementation of the Spike Time Dependant Plasticity (STDP) learning rule.
Extending Java virtual machine with integer‐reference conversion (2000)

Java virtual machine (JVM) is an architecture-independent code execution environment. It has recently been used not only for the Java language but also for other languages such as Scheme and ML. On JVM, however, all values are statically typed as either immediate or reference, and types are checked before the execution of a program to prove that invalid memory access will never occur. This property sometimes makes implementation of other languages on JVM inefficient. In particular, implementation of a dynamically typed language is very inefficient because all possible values including frequently used ones such as integers must be represented by instances of a class. In this paper, we introduce a new type into JVM, which is a supertype of reference types and a tagged integer type. This allows a more efficient implementation of dynamically typed language on JVM. It does not require any new instruction, maintains binary-compatibility of existing bytecode, and retains the safety of the original JVM. We modified an existing Scheme system running on JVM to exploit this extension and got a factor of 20 speedup for simple integer functions. Our extension imposes little performance penalty on existing JVM code generated from Java; we observed essentially no penalty for Spec JVM benchmarks. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Footnote to military psychology. (1947)

… Evaluation of wartime psychological writing requires consideration of three factors: (1) writing… must be submitted for approval… (2) psychology in the Armed Forces is science under an authoritarian regime… and (3) the ultimate judge of military psychology was usually not a psychologist… . It is submitted that the place for military psychologists is outside the Armed Forces, acting fully in an advisory capacity. (See also 21: 2556.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
<i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Infection and Modulation of Human Macrophage Gene Expression (2002)

Mycobacterium avium is a facultative intracellular pathogen cleared rapidly via intact host defense mechanisms. In the absence of adequate T cell function, as occurs in HIV-1-induced immunodeficiency, M. avium becomes an opportunistic infection with uncontrolled replication and reinfection of macrophage hosts. How M. avium infects, survives, and replicates in macrophages without signaling an effective microbicidal counterattack is unresolved. To address whether M. avium signals the expression of molecules, which influence mycobacterial survival or clearance, human monocyte-derived macrophage cultures were exposed to M. avium. Within minutes, M. avium, or its cell wall lipoarabinomannan, binds to the adherent macrophages and induces a spectrum of gene expression. In this innate response, the most abundant genes detected within 2 h by cDNA expression array involved proinflammatory chemokines, cytokines including TNF-alpha and IL-1, and adhesion molecules. Associated with this rapid initial up-regulation of recruitment and amplification molecules was enhanced expression of transcription factors and signaling molecules. By 24 h, this proinflammatory response subsided, and after 4 days, when some bacteria were being degraded, others escaped destruction to replicate within intracellular vacuoles. Under these conditions, inducible NO synthase was not up-regulated and increased transferrin receptors may facilitate iron-dependent mycobacterial growth. Sustained adhesion molecule and chemokine expression along with the formation of multinucleated giant cells appeared consistent with in vivo events. Thus, in the absence of T lymphocyte mediators, macrophages are insufficiently microbicidal and provide a nonhostile environment in which mycobacteria not only survive and replicate, but continue to promote recruitment of new macrophages to perpetuate the infection.
A unique charge-coupled device/xenon arc lamp based imaging system for the accurate detection and quantitation of multicolour fluorescence (2001)

In recent years the use of fluorescent dyes in biological applications has dramatically increased. The continual improvement in the capabilities of these fluorescent dyes demands increasingly sensitive detection systems that provide accurate quantitation over a wide linear dynamic range. In the field of proteomics, the detection, quantitation and identification of very low abundance proteins are of extreme importance in understanding cellular processes. Therefore, the instrumentation used to acquire an image of such samples, for spot picking and identification by mass spectrometry, must be sensitive enough to be able, not only, to maximise the sensitivity and dynamic range of the staining dyes but, as importantly, adapt to the ever changing portfolio of fluorescent dyes as they become available. Just as the available fluorescent probes are improving and evolving so are the users application requirements. Therefore, the instrumentation chosen must be flexible to address and adapt to those changing needs. As a result, a highly competitive market for the supply and production of such dyes and the instrumentation for their detection and quantitation have emerged. The instrumentation currently available is based on either laser/photomultiplier tube (PMT) scanning or lamp/charge-coupled device (CCD) based mechanisms. This review briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both System types for fluorescence imaging, gives a technical overview of CCD technology and describes in detail a unique xenon/are lamp CCD based instrument, from PerkinElmer Life Sciences. The Wallac-1442 ARTHUR is unique in its ability to scan both large areas at high resolution and give accurate selectable excitation over the whole of the UV/visible range. It operates by filtering both the excitation and emission wavelengths, providing optimal and accurate measurement and quantitation of virtually any available dye and allows excellent spectral resolution between different fluorophores. This flexibility and excitation accuracy is key to multicolour applications and future adaptation of the instrument to address the application requirements and newly emerging dyes.
Addition of free radicals to unsaturated systems. Part IX. The direction of free-radical addition to allene and allyl chloride (1954)

R. N. Haszeldine, K. Leedham and B. R. Steele, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 2040 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540002040
Enantioselective Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines through Reactions of (Pinacolato)allylborons with Aryl-, Heteroaryl-, Alkyl-, or Alkene-Substituted Aldimines Catalyzed by Chiral <i>C</i><sub>1</sub>-Symmetric NHC−Cu Complexes (2011)

A catalytic method for enantioselective synthesis of homoallylamides through Cu-catalyzed reactions of stable and easily accessible (pinacolato)allylborons with aryl-, heteroaryl-, alkyl-, or alkenyl-substituted N-phosphinoylimines is disclosed. Transformations are promoted by 1-5 mol % of readily accessible NHC-Cu complexes, derived from C(1)-symmetric imidazolinium salts, which can be prepared in multigram quantities in four steps from commercially available materials. Allyl additions deliver the desired products in up to quantitative yield and 98.5:1.5 enantiomeric ratio and are amenable to gram-scale operations. A mechanistic model accounting for the observed selectivity levels and trends is proposed.
Multi scale block histogram of template feature for pedestrian detection (2010)

In this paper, a feature for human detection from still image is proposed. A multi scale block histogram of template feature (MB-HOT) is developed for human detection by extending the template level in the feature extraction. It integrates gray value information and gradient value information, and reflects relationship of three blocks. The feature is extracted from more macrostructures level and could represent more characteristic of human body. Experiment on INRIA dataset shows that this feature is more discriminative than other features, such as histogram of orientation gradient (HOG). Graphic process unit (GPU) based implementation is proposed to accelerate the calculation of two features, and make it suitable for real time application.
A compile-time scheduling heuristic for interconnection-constrained heterogeneous processor architectures (1993)

The authors present a compile-time scheduling heuristic called dynamic level scheduling, which accounts for interprocessor communication overhead when mapping precedence-constrained, communicating tasks onto heterogeneous processor architectures with limited or possibly irregular interconnection structures. This technique uses dynamically-changing priorities to match tasks with processors at each step, and schedules over both spatial and temporal dimensions to eliminate shared resource contention. This method is fast, flexible, widely targetable, and displays promising performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low brain uptake of L‐[<sup>11</sup>C]5‐hydroxytryptophan in major depression: a positron emission tomography study on patients and healthy volunteers (1991)

The precursor of serotonin, L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP), was radiolabelled with 11C in the beta-position, yielding [beta-11C]serotonin after decarboxylation, allowing positron emission tomography studies of L-5-HTP uptake across the blood-brain barrier. We studied 8 healthy volunteers and 6 patients with histories of DSM-III major depression, 2 with repeated examinations after clinically successful treatment. We report a significantly lower uptake of [11C]5-HTP across the blood-brain barrier in depressed patients, irrespective of phase of illness. The findings emphasize that serotonin is involved in depressive pathophysiology and support earlier suggestions that the transport of 5-HTP across the blood-brain barrier is compromised in major depression.
Finite element analysis of viscous mixing with a helical ribbon‐screw impeller (1992)

Abstract A finite element analysis was carried out to study the mixing patterns of a viscous Newtonian fluid into a stirred tank. A helical ribbon screw impeller (HRS) was used as the mixing device. The numerical simulation involved the full three‐dimensional resolution of the equations of change governing the flow in the tank. The circulation time and the torque were determined and compared with experimental data. A good agreement was found, showing the usefulness of the numerical approach for design purposes.
Overview of elagolix for the treatment of endometriosis (2016)

Elagolix demonstrated efficacy in the management of endometriosis-associated pain and had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate its non-inferiority in comparison with other endometriosis's treatments.
Low-temperature optical absorption of nickel fluosilicate crystals (1964)

Abstract The vibronic absorption spectrum of the Ni++ ion in an electric field of trigonal (nearly cubic) symmetry at temperatures down to 4°K is reported and analysed in terms of ligand field and vibronic theory. The positions, widths, shapes and strengths of the bands are satisfactorily explained, together with their associated fine structures. In particular, the complex structure of the red band is well explained in detail as a consequence of the mutual perturbation of the 1E and 3T4 levels, which strongly modifies the vibronic coupling and results in two fairly narrow bands, each showing resolved vibrational structure, superposed on a broad band. A Trees correction term, αL(L+1), helps the agreement between observed and calculated electronic levels. The following parameters are found to give good agreement: Δ = 9100 cm−1, B=955 cm−1, C=3750 cm−1, α=80 cm−1, ζ = 600 cm−1.
First 8×8 semiconductor optical matrix switches using GaAs/AlGaAs electro-optic guided-wave directional couplers (1992)

Monolithically integrated 8×8 semiconductor optical matrix switches have been successfully fabricated for the first time. They were constructed on GaAs substrates from 64 GaAs/AlGaAs electro-optic directional couplers using a simplified tree architecture. The devices have a chip size of 26.5×3 mm2 and a minimum total loss (excluding coupling loss) of 8.7 dB.
死体解剖保存と遺族ないし本人の承諾―医事法・生命倫理の視点から― (2001)

In this article, I consider whether the consent of the deceased or the bereaved family is needed or not for the anatomical dissection and preservation of the dead body from a viewpoint of medical jurisprudence and bioethics. The conclusion can be summarized as follows: The Autopsy Law 1949 is applied to the anatomical dissection and preservation of the dead body. According to this law, in principle the consent of the bereaved family is needed. However, the consent of the deceased is not needed. From a viewpoint of bioethics, especially the principle of autonomy, the consent of the deceased should be required instead of the consent of the bereaved family. To fulfill the intention of the deceased, we need to wait for new legislation or the revision of the Autopsy Law. The important things are both the recognition of the meaningful role of anatomical dissection and preservation of the dead body in madical research and education, and the consideration of the viewpoint of bioethics, especially the principle of autonomy and the derivative notion of informed consent, in case of new legislation or revision of the Autopsy Law.
IGFBP-2 expression in a human cell line is associated with increased IGFBP-3 proteolysis, decreased IGFBP-1 expression and increased tumorigenicity (1998)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and -II) play an active role in cell proliferation. In biological fluids, they are non-covalently bound to high-affinity binding proteins (IGFBPs), at least 6 species of which have been identified to date, but with poorly defined functions. One of these IGFBPs, IGFBP-2, is secreted by most cell lines and appears to be involved in cell proliferation. A human epidermoid carcinoma cell line, KB 3.1, which produces IGFBP-1 and -3 and small amounts of IGFBP-4, but no IGFBP-2, was stably transfected with an expression vector comprising IGFBP-2 complementary DNA (cDNA), whose expression was placed under the control of the constitutive and ubiquitous cytomegalovirus promoter. After an s.c. injection of these IGFBP-2-expressing KB 3.1 cells into nude mice, tumours developed more quickly than in controls, they were 3 to 4 times larger and grew about 3 times as fast. Concomitant with IGFBP-2 expression in these tumours, were a decrease in IGFBP-1 expression and an increase in IGFBP-3 proteolysis, both of which increase the bioavailability of the IGF-II produced by the cells. The increased IGFBP-3 proteolysis most probably resulted from amplified expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and depression of its inhibitor (PAI-I) observed in IGFBP-2-expressing xenografts. Our findings suggest that IGFBP-2 plays a role in this model of experimental tumorigenesis via a mechanism that remains unclear, but appears to involve increased protease activity and IGF-II bioavailability.
Successful Implementation of CO2 Energized Acid Fracturing Treatment in Deep, Tight and Sour Carbonate Gas Reservoir in Saudi Arabia that Reduced Fresh Water Consumption and Enhanced Well Performance (2015)

Abstract Up to three thousand barrels of stimulation fluids are pumped during a single vertical fracture treatment in carbonate reservoir of Saudi Arabia with the objective of creating sufficient conductive reservoir contact for commercial production. The post-stimulation production performance in deep, tight, and sour carbonate gas reservoirs often does not meet expectations due to complex reservoir characterization and poor transmissibility. The post-stimulation cleanup period often takes much longer due to resistance in unloading the pumped fluids. Carbon dioxide (CO2) with 30% foam quality (FQ) has been introduced for the first time during acid fracturing treatment in the tight, sour and high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) carbonate gas reservoir of Saudi Arabia to reduce consumption of fresh water, minimize reservoir damage, reduce the flowback period and eliminate the need for nitrogen lifting with coiled tubing (CT). The water and acid volume were reduced by one third through energizing the fluids system with CO2 during acid fracturing treatment in the candidate well. The Pad fluid was a zirconate crosslinked gel that was optimized for low pH to maintain stability in the presence of CO2. To minimize fluid leak-off and improve diversion effects, a chemical diverting system was included in the CO2 energized acid fracture treatment. A non-emulsifier foaming agent was used in the Pad and acid blends to create the desired emulsion with CO2. The post-fracture flowback period was reduced significantly and a 2.5 fold increase in the gas rate was realized. The addition of liquid CO2 to HCl in quantities sufficient to produce emulsion allows live acid to retard and penetrate much deeper than HCl itself. The CO2 strips hydrocarbon from the rock and allows acid to effectively react to the rock surface. CO2 remains in the liquid or supercritical phase during injection mode and flows back in the gas phase over a wide range of temperature and pressure allowing pumped fluids to recover in fast and safe manner. This paper is focused on laboratory tests of fluid systems, and the design, execution and evaluation of CO2 energized acid fracturing treatment, and a safe flowback strategy used for sour wells with high a concentration of CO2.
The Effects of Band Director Leadership Style and Student Leadership Ability on Band Festival Ratings. (2007)

The manner by which decisions are made and changes are implemented within a musical organization may reflect leadership style. Within a band program, a director’s decision-making style can range from making decisions without any input from the students to setting parameters by which students have more decision-making opportunities. A continuum of student leadership strength also exists within many music ensembles. Students can display leadership in a number of ways, whether as social leaders, musical leaders, or both. Some student leaders attain a formal position of student officer or section leader, while other students display leadership behaviors without being elected to a formal position. Intuitively, band directors may recognize some of the benefits of having strong student leaders, yet little is known about the effect of student
: <i>L'Interprétation de Rabelais au XVIe siècle.</i> (1962)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
MOST Work Measurement Systems (2002)

This book is an essential guide for those in training for their MOST certification and a great value to anyone looking to enhance their marketability to prospective employers. Revised to accommodate the evolving needs of current and emerging industries, the third edition clarifies the working rules and data card format for BasicMOST, MiniMOST and M