gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model of the rotational Raman gain coefficients for N_2 in the atmosphere (1987)

A model for stimulated Raman scattering in the atmosphere is described for the pure rotational transitions in N(2). This model accounts for the wavelength dependence of the N(2) polarizability anisotropy, altitude and seasonal temperature variations in the atmosphere, and the O(2). foreign-gas density broadening. This information is used to calculate the steady-state plane-wave Raman gain profile over the lower 100 km of the atmosphere. Over altitudes of 0-40 km, temperature variations produce 30% changes in the gain coefficients of 1 km(-1) cm(2) MW(-1) for the strongest lines at Stokes wavelengths of 350 nm.
Osmium (III) found to disrupt aromaticity (1992)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTOsmium (III) found to disrupt aromaticitySTEPHEN STINSONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1992, 70, 45, 27–30Publication Date (Print):November 9, 1992Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 9 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v070n045.p027https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n045.p027newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1992 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Osmium Get e-Alerts
Self-organization of tissue-equivalents: the nature and role of contact guidance. (1999)

The morphology and behaviour of tissue cells when surrounded by a network of protein fibres, such as for a tissue-equivalent comprising cells entrapped in a type I collagen gel, is distinct from that when cells are cultured on a rigid surface, and physiologically relevant. The highly elongated and apparently bipolar morphology leads to a 'reversing' type of cell movement in gels, as opposed to a directionally persistent movement characteristic of highly spread, polar cells on surfaces. However, the hallmark of a tissue-equivalent is consolidation of the fibrillar network, or gel compaction, resulting from traction exerted by the cells. When the gel is mechanically constrained from compacting, alignment of the fibrils occurs, inducing cell alignment through a contact guidance response. In order to understand this 'self-organization' of tissue-equivalents, some relevant structural and mechanical properties of collagen gel are considered first, followed by a review of seminal studies of cell traction and tissue-equivalent compaction. Random cell migration in an isotropic gel is then discussed, including a modification of the persistent random walk model used to analyse cell migration on surfaces, followed by a review of contact guidance studies in gels with fibrils having defined alignment. With this background, observations of self-organization of mechanically constrained compacting tissue-equivalents are summarized and explained using a mechanical theory that relates traction-induced compaction to fibre alignment and consequent contact guidance, i.e. a strain-based rather than stress-based cell response to gel compaction. Data in support of this theory obtained from studies involving the controlled applied compression of tissue-equivalents are then presented. Finally, possible mechanisms of contact guidance are discussed.
The role of pH in determining the species composition of the human colonic microbiota (2009)

The pH of the colonic lumen varies with anatomical site and microbial fermentation of dietary residue. We have investigated the impact of mildly acidic pH, which occurs in the proximal colon, on the growth of different species of human colonic bacteria in pure culture and in the complete microbial community. Growth was determined for 33 representative human colonic bacteria at three initial pH values (approximately 5.5, 6.2 and 6.7) in anaerobic YCFA medium, which includes a mixture of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with 0.2% glucose as energy source. Representatives of all eight Bacteroides species tested grew poorly at pH 5.5, as did Escherichia coli, whereas 19 of the 23 gram-positive anaerobes tested gave growth rates at pH 5.5 that were at least 50% of those at pH 6.7. Growth inhibition of B. thetaiotaomicron at pH 5.5 was increased by the presence of the SCFA mix (33 mM acetate, 9 mM propionate and 1 mM each of iso-valerate, valerate and iso-butyrate). Analysis of amplified 16S rRNA sequences demonstrated a major pH-driven shift within a human faecal bacterial community in a continuous flow fermentor. Bacteroides spp. accounted for 27% of 16S rRNA sequences detected at pH 5.5, but 86% of sequences at pH 6.7. Conversely, butyrate-producing gram-positive bacteria related to Eubacterium rectale represented 50% of all 16S rRNA sequences at pH 5.5, but were not detected at pH 6.7. Inhibition of the growth of a major group of gram-negative bacteria at mildly acidic pH apparently creates niches that can be exploited by more low pH-tolerant microorganisms.
Unsupervised Grammar Induction of Clinical Report Sublanguage (2011)

Our experiments show that the induced grammar is able to parse novel sentences. Using a dataset of discharge summary sentences with no annotations, our method obtains 60.5% F-measure for parse-bracketing on sentences of maximum length 10. By varying a parameter, the method can induce a range of grammars, from very specific to very general, and obtains the best performance in between the two extremes.
The Enzymes of the Galactose Operon in Escherichia coli (1969)

Abstract The frequencies of translation of the structural genes for uridine diphosphogalactose 4-epimerase and for galactokinase have been determined in wild type Escherichia coli and found to be equivalent under a variety of conditions. As these structural genes are the terminal cistrons in the galactose operon, it is concluded that polarity is not an inherent characteristic of this operon. The addition of amino acids to the growth medium doubles the growth rate, and hence the sum of all translation frequencies in the cell, but causes little, if any, change in the translation frequency of the galactose operon. This surprising result indicates that the galactose operon belongs to a subset of units of transcription the translation frequency of which is relatively insensitive to changes in the intracellular concentration of amino acids and ribosomes, and suggests that this translation frequency is strictly controlled by the transcription frequency. The model of Morse, Baker, and Yanofsky (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 60, 1428 (1968)), in which each messenger RNA is translated once by a limited cluster of ribosomes following immediately behind the grow point for transcription, allows such a strict control. Test of this model against the existing data on the translation of the galactose operon indicates a remarkably good fit.
Oligo(dT)-immobilized pipette tip: efficient new methodology for mRNA preparation and direct gene amplification. (1998)

One powerful gene amplification technology, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), allows researchers to derive functional genetic information from small amounts of clinical specimens; however, it is labor-intensive, and multiple steps are needed to prepare mRNA in good quality and in good yield. We have been developing rapid and efficient procedures for mRNA purification and detection in microplates (1)(2)(3)(4). The oligo(dT)-immobilized polystyrene microplate (GenePlate) can capture mRNA from crude cell lysates (1), quantify it (2), synthesize sense and antisense strands of cDNA (1)(3), and preserve cDNA (cDNA bank) (4). The most recent oligo(dT)-immobilized polypropylene microplate (GenePlate-PP) has the additional advantage of allowing direct RT-PCR in the plate immediately after mRNA is captured (5). Here, we introduce an oligo(dT)-immobilized pipette tip for not only mRNA purification but also for direct RT-PCR in a single pipette tip.

Disposable polypropylene pipette tips (tip volume, 1–200 μL; Fisher Scientific) immobilized with oligo(dT20) via the 5′ end were kindly provided by Advanced Gene Computing Technologies (AGCT, Irvine, CA). Rabbit globin mRNA was purchased from Gibco-BRL, and total RNA was extracted from rat brain with guanidine isocyanate lysis and acid-phenol extraction (6). Rabbit globin mRNA (200 ng) or rat brain total RNA (5 μg) was suspended in hybridization buffer (10 mmol/L Tris, pH 7.6, 1 mmol/L EDTA, 500 mmol/L NaCl, 20 mmol/L vanadyl ribonucleoside complex) in a final volume of 70–100 μL in 10-mL tubes. The oligo(dT)-immobilized tips were attached to small disposable pipettes (length, 9.5 cm; weight, 6.1 g; Tricontinent), and were placed in 10-mL tubes to aspirate a fixed volume (50 μL) of mRNA solution. Each pipette was supported vertically within 10-mL tubes. Because 10-mL tubes contained a larger volume of mRNA solution than the tips can aspirate, the excess solution prevented evaporation from tips during incubation. To …
Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the Mouse 1-Megabase Region Orthologous to the Human 11p15 Imprinted Domain (2000)

A major barrier to conceptual advances in understanding the mechanisms and regulation of imprinting of a genomic region is our relatively poor understanding of the overall organization of genes and of the potentially important cis-acting regulatory sequences that lie in the nonexonic segments that make up 97% of the genome. Interspecies sequence comparison offers an effective approach to identify sequence from conserved functional elements. In this article we describe the successful use of this approach in comparing a approximately 1-Mb imprinted genomic domain on mouse chromosome 7 to its orthologous region on human 11p15.5. Within the region, we identified 112 exons of known genes as well as a novel gene identified uniquely in the mouse region, termed Msuit, that was found to be imprinted. In addition to these coding elements, we identified 33 CpG islands and 49 orthologous nonexonic, nonisland sequences that met our criteria as being conserved, and making up 4.1% of the total sequence. These conserved noncoding sequence elements were generally clustered near imprinted genes and the majority were between Igf2 and H19 or within Kvlqt1. Finally, the location of CpG islands provided evidence that suggested a two-island rule for imprinted genes. This study provides the first global view of the architecture of an entire imprinted domain and provides candidate sequence elements for subsequent functional analyses.
Health Consequences of Fat Distribution (1997)

Body fat distribution is now recognized as an important predictor of the adverse health consequences of obesity. Upper body obesity, especially with increasing visceral fat, is associated with hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type II diabetes mellitus and premature coronary death. Several lines of evidence suggest that abnormal adipose tissue lipolysis, resulting in elevated free fatty acid (FFA) availability, may contribute to some of the metabolic consequences of upper body obesity. The vast majority of the elevated systemic FFA release appears to come from upper body, non-splanchnic adipose tissue. Thus, dysregulation of upper body, non-splanchnic adipose tissue lipolysis may play an important role in contributing to health consequences of fat distribution.
Les comptes de l’évêque Géraud de Paphos et les constructions navales en Chypre (1962)

Lorsque Jean XXII désigna deux nonces apostoliques pour le royaume de Chypre, en mai 1327, de nombreuses tâches allaient s’offrir à ces deux envoyés. Pierre de Manso, doyen de Burgos, et le dominicain Arnaud de Fabrègues devaient d’ailleurs, au cours de leur séjour dans l’île, se voir confier des missions de toute sorte. Mais la raison essentielle de leur désignation était l’élévation de leur prédécesseur Géraud de Veyrines à l’évêché de Paphos. Géraud avait été chargé de la nonciature dans l...
High Performance Mass Storage and Parallel I/O (2001)

. Due to the growth of Internet-driven applications, issues such as storage capacity and access speed have become critical in the design of today's computer systems. Book fills the need for a readily-accessible single reference source on the subject of high-performance, large scale storage and delivery systems. Contains the latest information and future directions of disk arrays and parallel I/O A Wiley-IEEE Press Publication
INNOVATIONS IN CENTRAL EUROPEAN NEWSROOMS (2007)

This paper is an overview of modern newsroom models in Central European countries, especially Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Editorial job divisions, as well as routines and work practices, in newspaper and news agency newsrooms, have experienced revolutionary changes in these countries—not only through the global trend towards convergence, but also by bridging traditional barriers between departments and by introducing more flexible structures. Large and open newsrooms, for example, are now becoming increasingly popular. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative data drawn from a case study of the innovations process of the news agency Austria Presse Agentur in Vienna, it is suggested that modernized newsrooms can increase speed and journalistic quality. At the same time building structure and space play an important role in the innovations process of a newsroom. There are significant correlations between satisfaction with the work site and the assessment of rising quality.
The Neuroprotective Effect of Amitriptyline on Radiation-Induced Impairment of Hippocampal Neurogenesis (2019)

The radioprotective effect of amitriptyline, an inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), on radiation-induced impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis, loss of interneuron, and animal weight changes was investigated in BALB/c mice by immunostaining of biomarkers for cell division (Ki67), immature neurons (doublecortin or DCX), and interneurons (parvalbumin or PV) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus. The results indicated that preirradiation (with 10 mg/kg, 2 times per day, for 7 consecutive days) or postirradiation (with 10 mg/kg, 2 times per day, for 14 consecutive days) treatment (pretreatment or posttreatment) with intraperitoneal injection of amitriptyline prevented the loss of newly generated neurons, proliferating cells, and interneurons in the subgranular zone of the DG. At the molecular level, pretreatment or posttreatment inhibited the expression of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (<i>SMPD1</i>) gene which codes for ASMase. The pretreatment for 7 days also prevented radiation-induced weight loss from 2 to 3 weeks, but not within 1 week after irradiation. On the other hand, the posttreatment with amitriptyline for 14 days could improve animal weight gain from 4 to 6 weeks after irradiation. The present study suggests that amitriptyline may be a promising candidate radio-neuroprotective drug to improve radiation-induced impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis and relevant neurological and neuropsychological disorders.
Graphical Models, Exponential Families, and Variational Inference (2008)

The formalism of probabilistic graphical models provides a unifying framework for capturing complex dependencies among random variables, and building large-scale multivariate statistical models. Graphical models have become a focus of research in many statistical, computational and mathematical fields, including bioinformatics, communication theory, statistical physics, combinatorial optimization, signal and image processing, information retrieval and statistical machine learning. Many problems that arise in specific instances — including the key problems of computing marginals and modes of probability distributions — are best studied in the general setting. Working with exponential family representations, and exploiting the conjugate duality between the cumulant function and the entropy for exponential families, we develop general variational representations of the problems of computing likelihoods, marginal probabilities and most probable configurations. We describe how a wide variety of algorithms — among them sum-product, cluster variational methods, expectation-propagation, mean field methods, max-product and linear programming relaxation, as well as conic programming relaxations — can all be understood in terms of exact or approximate forms of these variational representations. The variational approach provides a complementary alternative to Markov chain Monte Carlo as a general source of approximation methods for inference in large-scale statistical models.
Factors in Finetuning Deep Model for Object Detection with Long-Tail Distribution (2016)

Finetuning from a pretrained deep model is found to yield state-of-the-art performance for many vision tasks. This paper investigates many factors that influence the performance in finetuning for object detection. There is a longtailed distribution of sample numbers for classes in object detection. Our analysis and empirical results show that classes with more samples have higher impact on the feature learning. And it is better to make the sample number more uniform across classes. Generic object detection can be considered as multiple equally important tasks. Detection of each class is a task. These classes/tasks have their individuality in discriminative visual appearance representation. Taking this individuality into account, we cluster objects into visually similar class groups and learn deep representations for these groups separately. A hierarchical feature learning scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the knowledge from the group with large number of classes is transferred for learning features in its subgroups. Finetuned on the GoogLeNet model, experimental results show 4.7% absolute mAP improvement of our approach on the ImageNet object detection dataset without increasing much computational cost at the testing stage. Code is available on www.ee.cuhk.edu.hk/ wlouyang/ projects/ImageNetFactors/CVPR16.html.
Platinum-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation with a polymer-attached optically active phosphine ligand (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlatinum-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation with a polymer-attached optically active phosphine ligandG. Parrinello, R. Deschenaux, and J. K. StilleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 22, 4189–4195Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00372a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00372a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Hop-Derived Terpenoids in Beer and Evaluation of Their Behavior Using the Stir Bar−Sorptive Extraction Method with GC-MS (2005)

Hop aroma components, which mainly comprise terpenoids, contribute to the character of beers. However, pretreatments are necessary before analyzing these components because of their trace levels and complicated matrixes. Here, the stir bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE) method was used to detect and quantify many terpenoids simultaneously from small samples. This simple technique showed low coefficients of variation, high accuracy, and low detection limits. An investigation of the behavior of terpenoids identified two distinct patterns of decreasing concentration during wort boiling. The first, which was seen in myrcene and linalool, involved a rapid decrease that was best fitted by a quadratic curve. The second, which was observed in beta-eudesmol, humulene, humulene epoxide I, beta-farnesene, caryophyllene, and geraniol, involved a gentle linear decrease. Conversely, the concentration of beta-damascenone increased after boiling. As the aroma composition depended on the hop variety, we also examined the relationship between terpenoid content and sensory analysis in beer.
Using EEG to recognize emergency situations for brain-controlled vehicles (2015)

This paper proposes a novel method to recognize an emergency situation by translating EEG signals of a disabled driver while he or she uses a brain-machine interface without using his or her limbs to drive a vehicle. EEG signals were first filtered by independent component analysis along with information entropy. And then the sums of powers of theta wave in the power spectrum of EEG signals from 13 channels were used as features of the classifier built by linear discriminant analysis. The pilot experimental results from two participants in a driving simulator indicated that the model recognized emergency situations (e.g., pedestrian sudden occurrence) 400 ms earlier than the response of drivers with a hit rate of 76.4%, suggesting that the proposed method is feasible. The proposed method can be used as a complementary method to the existing ones based on detecting external objects with sensors.
ENU Mutagenesis to Generate Genetically Modified Rat Models (2009)

The rat is one of the most preferred model organisms in biomedical research and has been extremely useful for linking physiology and pathology to the genome. However, approaches to genetically modify specific genes in the rat germ line remain relatively scarce. To date, the most efficient approach for generating genetically modified rats has been the target-selected N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis-based technology. Here, we describe the detailed protocols for ENU mutagenesis and mutant retrieval in the rat model organism.