gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and purification of bovine immunoglobulins: use of Sephacryl S-300 filtration avoids protein precipitation steps. (1984)

A simplified purification method for bovine IgG1, IgG2, IgM, IgA and S-IgA is presented. It takes advantage of Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration. When applied to this column, colostral whey can be separated into IgM, S-IgA and IgG rich fractions. Filtration of blood serum leads to IgM, IgA and IgG rich fractions. IgM, IgG1, IgG2, S-IgA and IgA are then further purified by anion exchange chromatography.
Keeping Score in the IT Compliance Game (2006)

Achieving developer acceptance of standardized procedures for managing applications from development to release is one of the largest hurdles facing organizations today. Establishing a standardized development-to-release workflow, often referred to as the ALM (application lifecycle management) process, is particularly critical for organizations in their efforts to meet tough IT compliance mandates. This is much easier said than done, as different development teams have created their own unique procedures that are undocumented, unclear, and nontraceable.
Vitamin D Receptor Agonists, Cancer and the Immune System: An Intricate Relationship (2006)

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists can inhibit cell growth, promote apoptosis, and induce differentiation of many cell types, in addition to inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis, all desirable properties for a drug to control cancer. However, from an immunological perspective, the immunomodulatory properties of VDR agonists are apparently just opposite to the main aims of cancer immunotherapy: boosting the immune response and breaking tumor-related tolerance. While it may be possible to identify VDR agonists with enhanced anti-proliferative/pro-differentiative and reduced immunomodulatory activities as anti-cancer agents, a complementary approach could rely on identifying clinical indications where their systemic immunomodulatory properties could be minimized. Superficial bladder cancer, where treatments are usually administered by vesical instillation, may represent such an indication. We have observed a strong synergism in vitro between calcitriol and doxorubicin or epirubicin in the inhibition of bladder cancer cell proliferation. Thus, calcitriol and doxorubicin or epirubicin in combination may have clinical value in the management of superficial bladder cancer.
THE MONETARY CONUNDRUM (1980)

The broad money supply, sterling M3, has grown by 14.1 per cent (ie an annual rate of over 30 per cent) over the past six months. Over the same period the narrow money supply definition (M1) has increased by only 4.4 per cent, while the difference between the two money supply measures — broadly speaking, the interest bearing component of sterling M3 — has grown by no less than 23.1 percent. The real economy is showing all the signs of a severe monetary squeeze with stocks and imports falling rapidly, while the balance of payments and the exchange rate are exceptionally strong. Over the past six months, industrial production (excluding North Sea oil) has fallen by 7.9 per cent while wholesale prices have risen by only 4.2 per cent. Thus, there is a double conundrum: the sharply different growth trends in M1 and sterling M3, and the contrast between the explosive growth of sterling M3 and the subdued behaviour of the real economy. One possible answer to this puzzle, spelt out in more detail in the following pages of this Forecast Release, is that the rate of interest being paid on the interest‐bearing component of sterling M3 is now abnormally high. Consequently, the asset demand for the interest‐bearing component of sterling M3 is exceptionally large, with the result that both the non‐interest‐bearing component of the money stock (ie M1) and the real economy are being squeezed Under these circumstances, the short‐run behaviour of sterling M3 may not be an entirely reliable guide to the behaviour of the real economy.
Spacial Laser Beam Control System for Optical Robot Intercommunication (2018)

This paper describes the aerial laser transmission techniques applied to mobile robot communication by constituting optical mesh network. Active free space optics system is newly proposed to transmit bilateral laser beams which are equipped with motorized mirrors, photodiodes, and position sensitive detectors. The alignment tactics are presented with regard to the coarse and fine positioning techniques of laser beam. Experiments prove that the proposed techniques enable the transmission laser beam to locate the target receiver precisely and to track the swaying transmission apparatus.
Photonic spin Hall effect in gap–plasmon metasurfaces for on-chip chiroptical spectroscopy (2015)

Chiral structures possessing differential optical responses to light circular polarization are very common in biological and organic compounds. Attaining chiroptical effects is of great biochemical importance, yet requires complicated structures. Circular dichroism (CD) spectrometers measuring the differential absorption between left- (LCP) and right-circular (RCP) polarizations involve complex hardware to switch laser polarization and manage data acquisition sequentially. Here, we present compact and power-efficient metasurface-based chiroptical spectroscopy solutions based on gap–plasmon metasurfaces (GPMSs). First, a minimalistic design of a real-time CD spectrometer is obtained by using the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) in a single GPMS, which spatially separates LCP and RCP spectra. It is the smallest CD spectrometer to our knowledge. Another GPMS-based device built with the same approach rotates light polarization by 45° through adding a phase shift between LCP and RCP. Thus, PSHE in GPMS can provide efficient solutions to vital applications including biosensing, DNA structural analysis, and stereochemistry.
Exploring Heterogeneous Algorithms for Accelerating Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on FPGAs (2017)

Convolutional neural network (CNN) finds applications in a variety of computer vision applications ranging from object recognition and detection to scene understanding owing to its exceptional accuracy. There exist different algorithms for CNNs computation. In this paper, we explore conventional convolution algorithm with a faster algorithm using Winograd's minimal filtering theory for efficient FPGA implementation. Distinct from the conventional convolution algorithm, Winograd algorithm uses less computing resources but puts more pressure on the memory bandwidth. We first propose a fusion architecture that can fuse multiple layers naturally in CNNs, reusing the intermediate data. Based on this fusion architecture, we explore heterogeneous algorithms to maximize the throughput of a CNN. We design an optimal algorithm to determine the fusion and algorithm strategy for each layer. We also develop an automated toolchain to ease the mapping from Caffe model to FPGA bitstream using Vivado HLS. Experiments using widely used VGG and AlexNet demonstrate that our design achieves up to 1.99X performance speedup compared to the prior fusion-based FPGA accelerator for CNNs.
A sampling theorem for nonstationary random processes (Corresp.) (1972)

The well-known sampling theorem for wide-sense stationary random processes is generalized to the class of nonstationary random processes.
The Resistivity of Zinc Oxide Under Different Annealing Configurations and Its Impact on the Leakage Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors (2014)

Sputtered zinc oxide (ZnO) without intentional doping was thermally annealed and the dependence of its resistivity on different sample configurations and heat-treatment conditions was studied. The ZnO was either exposed to the ambience or sealed with an impermeable cover during the annealing. The resistivity resulting from the sealed configuration was found to be lower. The possible origins of the charge carriers responsible for the conductivity were investigated, with the most plausible one studied in greater detail using photoluminescence. The leakage current in the OFF-state of a field-effect thin-film transistor is largely controlled by the residual conductivity of the channel region of the transistor. For a ZnO transistor, this region is typically undoped and subjected to a series of thermal processes under a variety of coverage configurations during the course of the fabrication of the transistor. The implied correlation between the aggregate thermal treatment and the characteristics of a transistor in its OFF-state was investigated and demonstrated.
Suppression of endotoxin-induced inflammation by taxol (2007)

The pathogenesis of acute lung injury includes transendothelial diapedesis of leukocytes into lung tissues and disruption of endothelial/epithelial barriers leading to protein-rich oedema. In vitro studies show that the microtubule network plays a role in the regulation of endothelial permeability as well as in neutrophil locomotion. It was hypothesised that the microtubule-stabilising agent, taxol, might attenuate inflammation and vascular leak associated with acute lung injury in vivo. The effect of intravenously delivered taxol was assessed using a model of murine lung injury induced by intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Parameters of lung injury and inflammation were assessed 18 h after treatment. Intravenously delivered taxol significantly reduced inflammatory histological changes in lung parenchyma and parameters of LPS-induced inflammation: infiltration of proteins and inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung myeloperoxidase activity, and extravasation of Evans blue-labelled albumin into lung tissue. Taxol alone (in the absence of LPS) had no appreciable effect on these parameters. In addition to lung proteins, intravenous taxol reduced accumulation of leukocytes in ascitic fluid in a model of LPS-induced peritonitis. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that microtubule stabilisation with taxol systemically attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and vascular leak.
Nursing homes and continuing care - Part III (1990)

In the concluding article in this series the Health Care Research Unit at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne assess the development and future of NHS nursing homes
Optimisation of robust singleplex and multiplex droplet digital PCR assays for high confidence mutation detection in circulating tumour DNA (2019)

Liquid biopsies offer the potential to monitor cancer response and resistance to therapeutics in near real-time. However, the plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) level can be low and the fraction of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) bearing a mutation - lower still. Detection of tumour-derived mutations in ctDNA is thus challenging and requires highly sensitive and specific assays. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a technique that enables exquisitely sensitive detection and quantification of DNA/RNA markers from very limiting clinical samples, including plasma. The Bio-Rad QX200 ddPCR system provides absolute quantitation of target DNA molecules using fluorescent dual-labelled probes. Critical to accurate sample analysis are validated assays that are highly specific, reproducible, and with known performance characteristics, especially with respect to false positives. We present a systematic approach to the development and optimisation of singleplex and multiplex ddPCR assays for the detection of point mutations with a focus on ensuring extremely low false positives whilst retaining high sensitivity. We also present a refined method to determine cfDNA extraction efficiency allowing for more accurate extrapolation of mutational levels in source samples. We have applied these approaches to successfully analyse many ctDNA samples from multiple clinical studies and generated exploratory data of high quality.
Speculative disambiguation (1994)

Ambiguous memory references have always been one of the main sources of performance bottlenecks. Many papers have addressed this problem using static disambiguation. These methods work extremely well when the memory access pattern is linear and predictable. However they are ineffective when the memory access pattern is nonlinear or when the access pattern cannot be determined statically. For these difficult problems, this paper presents speculative disambiguation, a compilation technique for architectures supporting instruction level parallelism and either speculative execution or conditional execution (or both). This technique produces specialized code at compile time to disambiguate memory references at run time. It is shown that on machines with sufficient resources, the technique will always result in lower execution time. Speculative disambiguation has been implemented for a VLIW architecture with guarded execution. Preliminary results indicate that it can help bridge a significant fraction of the performance gap between a good and a perfect static disambiguator. Occasionally it can outperform the perfect static disambiguator.
Change in the Polyphenol Content of Cheongdobansi Persimmon Fruit during Development (2011)

떫은감 품종인 '청도반시' 과실의 일반 성분, 총페놀 및 페놀산 함량과 DPPH유리기 소거능을 7월부터 10월까지 1개월 간격으로 각각 측정하였다. 성장 중 감의 수분, 조단백질 및 조섬유 함량은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었지만 조지방 함량은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 조회분 함량은 9월 이후에 증가함을 각각 나타내었다. 총페놀 함량은 성장에 따라 약간씩 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 페놀산으로 chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid 및 salicylic acid 등이 확인되었고, 이들의 함량은 성장 중 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. DPPH유리기 소거능은 성장 시기가 길어짐에 따라 감소됨을 보였다. 이로써 '청도반시' 과실의 일반 및 페놀성 물질 함량과 항산화성은 성장 시기에 따라 달라지며, 미성숙 과실도 활용소재로서 가치가 있는 것으로 확인되어다. The proximate composition, and the levels of total phenols, phenolic acids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity in Cheongdobansi persimmon fruits assayed during development (from July to October), were investigated. All of moisture, crude protein and crude fiber contents decreased as picking time was delayed, however, crude fat content rose. Crude fiber content increased after September. Total phenol content tended to fall during development. The principal phenolic acids were chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and salicylic acid; the level of each phenolic acid tended to decrease during development. DPPH radical scavenging activity fell as picking time was delayed. Thus, harvest time influenced the levels of chemical components and the antioxidative properties of persimmon fruit. It follows that unripe fruit may be utilized as a raw material yielding many useful products.
Management of irritable bowel syndrome. (1986)

Few drugs are of proven efficacy in irritable bowel syndrome. Bulking agents probably relieve constipation, spasmolytics may alleviate pain and antidiarrhoeals help control urgency and diarrhoea. With a combination of reassurance and therapeutic intervention up to 75% of patients can be expected to improve. For the 25% who do not, alternative therapies such as stress management, psychotherapy or hypnotherapy may prove effective.
Mechanisms of uremic erythrocyte‐induced adhesion of human monocytes to cultured endothelial cells (2007)

In end-stage renal disease (ESRD) endothelium may represent a key target for the action of circulating elements, such as modified erythrocytes (RBC) and/or plasmatic factors, that may facilitate inflammation and the vasculopathy associated with uremia. We have previously demonstrated that phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the surface of RBC from ESRD patients increases RBC-human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) interactions and causes decreased nitric oxide (NO) production. We postulated that, besides the pro-inflammatory effects due to decreased NO bio-availability, enhanced ESRD-RBC-HUVEC interactions might directly stimulate pro-inflammatory pathways leading to increased vascular adhesion molecule expression. ESRD-RBC-endothelial cell interactions induced a time-dependent up-regulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 (measured by Western blot (WB) and real-time PCR), associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and impairment of the Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling cascade, measured by WB. In reconstitution experiments, normal RBC incubated with uremic plasma showed increased PS exposure and significantly increased VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA levels when incubated on HUVEC. Interestingly, ESRD-RBC induced increased expression of adhesion molecules was prevented by Annexin-V (AnV, able to mask PS on RBC surface), anti-integrin-alpha(v)beta3, anti-thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and PD98059 (a selective inhibitor of MAPK phosphorylation). Moreover, AnV reversed the ESRD-RBC effects on MAPK and Akt/eNOS signaling pathways. Our data demonstrate that, possibly via a direct interaction with the endothelial thrombospondin-(alpha(v)beta3) integrin complex, ESRD-RBC-HUVEC adhesion induces a vascular inflammatory phenotype. Thus, intervention targeting ESRD-RBC increased adhesion to endothelium and/or MAPK and Akt/eNOS pathways may have the potential to prevent vascular lesions under uremic conditions.
Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase by a Family of Newly Synthesized Adenine Nucleoside 3′-Polyphosphates (1996)

The synthesis of a number of adenine nucleoside 3′-polyphosphates has been devised via a phosphotriester approach that combines the method of alkoxide activation with the use of 2,2,2-tribromoethyl phosphoromorpholinochloridate as a phosphorylating agent. The family of compounds included 3′ADP, 3′ATP, 2′-deoxy-3′ADP, 2′-deoxy-3′ATP, 2′,5′-dideoxy-3′ADP, and 2′,5′-dideoxy-3′ATP. Potency as inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases followed the order: 3′-mono- < 3′-di- < 3′-triphosphate and adenosine (Ado) < 2′-d-Ado < 2′,5′-dd-Ado derivatives, with 2′,5′-dideoxy-3′ATP exhibiting an IC50 of ∼40 nM. This order was maintained with purified and recombinant forms of the type I enzyme. The nucleoside 3′-phosphates caused noncompetitive inhibition of the type I adenylyl cyclase from bovine brain, consistent with inhibition via the P-site. Inhibition was not due to hydrolytic products because this was minimal and inhibition kinetics by inorganic polyphosphates were inconsistent with those caused by the nucleoside 3′-polyphosphates. Only 3′ATP underwent cation-catalyzed, nonenzymatic hydrolysis, with the primary product being 2′:3′-cAMP. Because 3′-ADP and 3′-ATP are naturally occurring, this class of compounds may physiologically regulate adenylyl cyclases and possibly other enzymes, mediating responses that include a reduction in 3′:5′-cAMP levels and consequent reductions in protein kinase A-activated pathways. The synthesis of a number of adenine nucleoside 3′-polyphosphates has been devised via a phosphotriester approach that combines the method of alkoxide activation with the use of 2,2,2-tribromoethyl phosphoromorpholinochloridate as a phosphorylating agent. The family of compounds included 3′ADP, 3′ATP, 2′-deoxy-3′ADP, 2′-deoxy-3′ATP, 2′,5′-dideoxy-3′ADP, and 2′,5′-dideoxy-3′ATP. Potency as inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases followed the order: 3′-mono- < 3′-di- < 3′-triphosphate and adenosine (Ado) < 2′-d-Ado < 2′,5′-dd-Ado derivatives, with 2′,5′-dideoxy-3′ATP exhibiting an IC50 of ∼40 nM. This order was maintained with purified and recombinant forms of the type I enzyme. The nucleoside 3′-phosphates caused noncompetitive inhibition of the type I adenylyl cyclase from bovine brain, consistent with inhibition via the P-site. Inhibition was not due to hydrolytic products because this was minimal and inhibition kinetics by inorganic polyphosphates were inconsistent with those caused by the nucleoside 3′-polyphosphates. Only 3′ATP underwent cation-catalyzed, nonenzymatic hydrolysis, with the primary product being 2′:3′-cAMP. Because 3′-ADP and 3′-ATP are naturally occurring, this class of compounds may physiologically regulate adenylyl cyclases and possibly other enzymes, mediating responses that include a reduction in 3′:5′-cAMP levels and consequent reductions in protein kinase A-activated pathways.
Remarkable acceleration of dimethyl phosphate hydrolysis by ceric cations (1998)

R. A. Moss, Chem. Commun., 1998, 1871 DOI: 10.1039/A804860F
Discharge Behavior of Tubular PbO2 Electrodes: II . Mathematical Model (1992)

A one‐dimensional mathematical model has been developed to simulate the discharge behavior of tubular lead dioxide electrodes, with and without a tube envelope at high rates of discharge. The description of the kinetic properties was improved by relating the volumetric exchange current density to the local concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrode. An intrinsic Peukert equation was introduced in order to predict the discharge behavior and to determine the effects of the tube envelope over the actual current range (300 to 1000 Am−2). The model was verified by comparison with experimentally obtained galvanostatic discharge curves, sulfur distributions, and Peukert curves. It was found that there is a maximum degree of discharge in the electrode, near the exterior surface of the electrode. At high current densities the tubular electrodes are working at transport restrictions with respect to sulfuric acid, and the discharge behavior strongly depends on the initial amount of acid in the electrode and the diffusion from the free electrolyte into the electrode. The effects of different design parameters on the discharge capacity and overall degree of discharge are also discussed.
Cellular sociology of proliferating tumor cells in invasive ductal breast cancer. (1996)

Independent of the spatial organization of the tumor cells, their tissue pattern of proliferation activity correlated with the tumor properties.
Coassembled Cytotoxic and Pegylated Peptide Amphiphiles Form Filamentous Nanostructures with Potent Antitumor Activity in Models of Breast Cancer (2012)

Self-assembled peptide amphiphiles (PAs) consisting of hydrophobic, hydvrogen-bonding, and charged hydrophilic domains form cylindrical nanofibers in physiological conditions and allow for the presentation of a high density of bioactive epitopes on the nanofiber surface. We report here on the use of PAs to form multifunctional nanostructures with tumoricidal activity. The combination of a cationic, membrane-lytic PA coassembled with a serum-protective, pegylated PA was shown to self-assemble into nanofibers. Addition of the pegylated PA to the nanostructure substantially limited degradation of the cytolytic PA by the protease trypsin, with an 8-fold increase in the amount of intact PA observed after digestion. At the same time, addition of up to 50% pegylated PA to the nanofibers did not decrease the in vitro cytotoxicity of the cytolytic PA. Using a fluorescent tag covalently attached to PA nanofibers we were able to track the biodistribution in plasma and tissues of tumor-bearing mice over time after intraperitoneal administration of the nanoscale filaments. Using an orthotopic mouse xenograft model of breast cancer, systemic administration of the cytotoxic pegylated nanostructures significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation and overall tumor growth, demonstrating the potential of multifunctional PA nanostructures as versatile cancer therapeutics.
The Effects of Server Placement and Server Selection for Internet Services (2003)

Many services on the Internet are provided by multiple identical servers in order to improve performance and robustness. The number, the location and the distribution of servers affect the performance and reliability of a service. The server placement is, however, often determined based on the empirical knowledge of the administrators. This paper investigates issues of the server placement in terms of the service performance and the server load. We identify that a server selection mechanism plays an important role in server placement, and thus, evaluate different server selection algorithms. The result shows that it is essential to the robustness of a service to employ a mechanism which distributes service requests to the servers according to the measured response time of each server. As a case study, we evaluate the server selection mechanisms employed by different DNS (Domain Name System) implementations. Then, we show the effects of the different server selection algorithms using root-server measurements taken at different locations around the world. 1