gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical sinc-shaped Nyquist pulses of exceptional quality (2013)

Sinc-shaped Nyquist pulses possess a rectangular spectrum, enabling data to be encoded in a minimum spectral bandwidth and satisfying by essence the Nyquist criterion of zero inter-symbol interference (ISI). This property makes them very attractive for communication systems since data transmission rates can be maximized while the bandwidth usage is minimized. However, most of the pulse-shaping methods reported so far have remained rather complex and none has led to ideal sinc pulses. Here a method to produce sinc-shaped Nyquist pulses of very high quality is proposed based on the direct synthesis of a rectangular-shaped and phase-locked frequency comb. The method is highly flexible and can be easily integrated in communication systems, potentially offering a substantial increase in data transmission rates. Further, the high quality and wide tunability of the reported sinc-shaped pulses can also bring benefits to many other fields, such as microwave photonics, light storage and all-optical sampling.
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (2005)

TACs are a unique group of primary headache syndromes with individual features and specific responses to treatment that make their identification crucial for optimum management.
On the use of Directional Microphones for Turbine-Generator Sound Level Measurements (1979)

Accurate measurements of the noise levels produced by turbine-generators are difficult to obtain because of the highly reverberant character of the turbine halls. The use of directional microphones to discriminate against the reverberant sound and improve the measurement accuracy has been investigated. The results show that effective signal-to-background noise gains of 3 to 7 dB can be achieved. The capabilities, limitations and areas which need additional work are specified.
Three-microphone instrument is designed to extend benefits of directionality (2002)

In Brief Although directional technology has proven its ability to help hearing aid wearers hear better in noise, the authors believe this technology remains underused. They describe a new product with features designed to address factors that may be discouraging the fitting of directional technology.
Risk Factors for Bacterial Vaginosis in Women at High Risk for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (2005)

These data support the sexual transmission of BV.
Online games: crafting persistent-state worlds (2001)

Ultima Online created a new type of computer game, one that models a persistent-state world. Unlike traditional games, Ultima Online's game world, or state, persists indefinitely. Once developers make a persistent-state world live, they never turn it off. People from across the globe connect to these games and play out their favorite fantasies, assured that their monthly subscription fees will pay to keep their characters' current state up to date from the moment they disconnect until the next time they log on. Still in its infancy, the persistent world genre has so far spawned only a handful of titles and has much room to grow. With the prices of bandwidth and computer hardware falling continually, the lure of delving into a virtual world becomes stronger and the need for more persistent-state worlds becomes increasingly apparent. However, except for EverQuest, no online title has yet become a solid success. Regardless, gamers stand to benefit most as their world grows exponentially with the addition of each virtual universe.
Overexpression of Squalene-Hopene Cyclase by the pET Vector in<i>Escherichia Coli</i>and First Identification of Tryptophan and Aspartic Acid Residues inside the QW Motif as Active Sites (1998)

An overexpression system for squalene-hopene cyclase (SHC) was constructed by using the pET3a vector, which is responsible for high expression with help from the strong T7 promoter when incorporated into E. coli BL21(DE3). Site-directed mutagenesis experiments prove that two amino acid residues of tryptophan and aspartic acid inside the QW-motif 5 resided as active sites.
Membraneless Vanadium Redox Fuel Cell Using Laminar Flow (2002)

This paper describes the design and characterization of a small, membraneless redox fuel cell. The smallest channel dimensions of the cell were 2 mm x 50 mum or x 200 mum; the cell was fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) using soft lithography. This all-vanadium fuel cell took advantage of laminar flow to obviate the need for a membrane to separate the solutions of oxidizing and reducing components.
Scanning the Issue - Special Issue on Nonlinear Phenomena in Power Systems: Theory and Practical Implications (1995)

Provides an overview of the technical articles and features presented in this issue.
House-Hunting Without Second Moments (2010)

Abstract In the house-hunting problem, i.i.d. random variables, X 1, X 2,… are observed sequentially at a cost of c > 0 per observation. The problem is to choose a stopping rule, N, to maximize E(X N − Nc). If the X's have a finite second moment, the optimal stopping rule is N* = min {n ≥ 1: X n > V*}, where V* satisfies E(X − V*)+ = c. The statement of the problem and its solution requires only the first moment of the X n to be finite. Is a finite second moment really needed? In 1970, Herbert Robbins showed, assuming only a finite first moment, that the rule N* is optimal within the class of stopping rules, N, such that E(X N − Nc)− > −∞, but it is not clear that this restriction of the class of stopping rules is really required. In this article it is shown that this restriction is needed, but that if the expectation is replaced by a generalized expectation, N* is optimal out of all stopping rules assuming only first moments.
Two-color method for optical astrometry: theory and preliminary measurements with the Mark III stellar interferometer (1987)

The two-color method for interferometric astrometry provides a means of reducing the error in a stellar position measurement attributable to atmospheric turbulence. The primary limitation of the method is shown to be turbulent water vapor fluctuations, which limit the amount of improvement over a one-color measurement obtainable with a two-color estimate. Secondary atmospheric effects caused by diffraction from small refractive-index inhomogeneities and differential refraction for the observation of stars away from zenith are shown to introduce errors that behave as white noise and which should usually not be significant. Other potential error sources due to photon noise, systematic instrumental effects, and imperfect data reduction are also considered. The improvement in accuracy possible with the two-color method is estimated as a factor of 5-10 over the corresponding one-color measurement. Some preliminary two-color measurements with the Mark III stellar interferometer at Mt. Wilson are presented which demonstrate a factor of ~5 reduction in the amplitude of the atmospheric fluctuations in a stellar position measurement.
Attenuation of Flightless I, an actin-remodelling protein, improves burn injury repair via modulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β3 (2009)

Strategies aimed at reducing Flii expression, for example using neutralizing antibodies, may lead to improved burn outcomes.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three <i>Pectobacterium</i> Strains Causing Blackleg of Potato: <i>P. carotovorum</i> subsp. <i>brasiliensis</i> ICMP 19477, <i>P. atrosepticum</i> ICMP 1526, and <i>P. carotovorum</i> subsp. <i>carotovorum</i> UGC32 (2015)

Blackleg is a disease caused by several species of Pectobacterium that results in losses to potato crops worldwide. Here, we report the draft genomes of three taxonomically and geographically distinct blackleg-causing strains of Pectobacterium: P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis ICMP 19477, P. atrosepticum ICMP 1526, and P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum UGC32. Comparison of these genomes will support the identification of common traits associated with their capacity to cause blackleg.
Good Friends & Good Partners: The ‘New‘ Face of China-African Co-operation (2008)

"Good Friends & Good Partners: The ‘New‘ Face of China-African Co-operation." Review of African Political Economy, 35(115), pp. 5–6
Laser-Driven Detonation Waves in Gases (1967)

The plasma created by the output of a 2 to 10 J Q-switched ruby laser focused into air, argon, helium and hydrogen at pressures from 15 to 1000 psi has been photographically recorded during and after the laser heating pulse. The growth of the luminous plasma front during laser irradiation was in accordance with a prediction based on a radiatively supported detonation-wave model in which a Gaussian pulse shape was used for the instantaneous energy addition. With hydrogen at atmospheric pressure an appreciable fraction of the laser energy was transmitted. Consequently, the detonation-wave model had to include only partial absorption of the incident laser beam. This was done by using the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption coefficient and a constant depth of energy addition. The shock wave created by this sudden energy addition was observed by using a Schlieren system. The growth of the shock wave was not in accordance with that predicted by spherical-blast-wave theory. The shock-wave position from the initial point of breakdown varied as time from breakdown to the (0.20 ± 20%) power independent of gas species or operating condition.
SIMULTANEOUS EVALUATION OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHESIS AND TISSUE OXYGENATION IN RAT LIVER ALLOGRAFT REJECTION USING NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (1995)

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was applied to rat liver allografts for assessing nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and tissue oxygenation as a means of monitoring the rejection response following liver transplantation. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed in rats, which were assigned to three groups as follows: group 1, a syngeneic combination (lewis to Lewis); group 2, an allogeneic combination (ACI to Lewis); and group 3, an allogeneic combination treated with 15-deoxyspergualin. NIR spectroscopy was performed on the grafts in recipients, and the relative changes in nitrosyl-Hb (NO bound to erythrocyte hemoglobin), oxy-Hb, and oxidized cytochrome oxidase (Cyt.aa3) were obtained. The level of nitrosyl-Hb was significantly elevated from postoperative day (POD) 3 in group 2 compared with that in group 1, which remained constant (P < 0.05). In group 3, the elevation was significantly suppressed. These data indicate that the alloimmune response is associated with a dramatic change in NO synthesis in grafted livers. In a separate experiment, NO synthesis was also increased after long cold preservation (24 hr) in syngeneic liver transplants. However, the increase was transient and subsided on POD 3. Levels of oxy-Hb and oxidized Cyt.aa3 in group 2 were significantly decreased when parenchymal disorder was confirmed histologically (POD 6 and 8), compared with those in group 1, which remained constant (P < 0.05). In group 3, both of these levels showed improvement. Thus, our NIR spectroscopy technique was shown to be capable of assessing simultaneously both the immune response and the degree of immune-induced destruction of allograft tissue following liver transplantation through monitoring of NO synthesis and tissue oxygenation.
Catalytic Reduction of Calcium Sulfate to Calcium Sulfide by Carbon Monoxide (1999)

The catalytic reduction of calcium sulfate to calcium sulfide by carbon monoxide over various catalysts was investigated. An optimum conversion rate of more than 95% was obtained at 660 °C over a Ni−Fe mixed catalyst. Parametric studies on the performance of the catalyst have been conducted. The parameters studied include temperature, composition of catalysts, concentration of catalysts, reaction time, and CO concentration. Some physicochemical characteristics of samples were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) measurements, and a possible mechanism is proposed.
AEDES ALBOPICTUS FOR RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS (1988)

MD 21701-50110 The recent introduction of Aedes L!bopictus maintained at 26°C, and apples or a 5' sucrose(Skuse) into the Americas has led to concern solution were provided as a carbohydrate0 that this mosquito might serve as a vector of source. The mosquitoes were allowed to ovipositCN both native as well as exotic viruses. (Bartnett 3 days later, and mosquitoes were assayed for1986, Shroyer 1986, Sprenger and Wuithirany- viral infection and transmission ability begin-agool 1986). Experimental and field data, re- ning 7 days after the infectious bloodmeal. Dur-cently reviewed by Shroyer (1986), indicate that ing each transmission trial, mosquitoes were al-this species is capable of transmitting chikun- lowed to feed either individually, or in groupsgunya, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, of up to 5 mosquitoes each on anesthetizedWest Nile, Ross River, and all 4 serotypes of hamsters.dengue viruses, as well as St. Louis encephalitis After the feeding period, the mosquitoes wereand western equine encephalitis viruses, cold-anesthetized and their legs and bodies tri-We evaluated the potential of the F genera- turated separately in I ml of diluent (10( fetaltion of a Houston, Texas strain of Ae. albopic- bovine serum in Medium 199 with Hanks' saltstus to transmit Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus, and antibiotics). Mosquito or leg suspensionsThis strain of Ae. albopictus was provided by were frozen at -70'C until they were tested forDr. C. Mitchell and is the same strain used in virus by a standard plaque assay on Vero cellsother vector competence studies (Mitchell et al. (Gargan et al. 1983). Recovery of virus from the1987). The ZH501 strain of RVF virus, isolated body, but not the legs, indicated that viral in-from a human case during the outbreak in fection was limited to the midgut and had notEgypt in 1977 (Meegan 1979) and passed twice disseminated to the hemocoel, while recovery ofin fetal rhesus lung cells, was used throughout virus from both legs and body indicated thatthese studies. the mosquito had a disseminated infection.Female mosquitoes, 5 to 10 days old reared at (Turell et al. 1984). Hamster death was used as261C with a 16:8 L:D photoperiod, were al- the criterion for virus transmission, because in-lowed to feed on an anesthetized hamster that fection with RVF virus is virtually 100'( fatalhad been inoculated with RVF virus 24 hours for hamsters (Gargan et al. 1983). All hamsterspreviously. Immediately after the infectious surviving 21 days after being fed on by a mos-bloodmeal, a sample of the engorged mosqui- quito with a disseminated infection were chal-toes was titrated to determine the titer of virus lenged with 10' plaque-forming units (PFU) ofin the blood they had ingested. The remaining the ZH501 stock virus to demonstrate their sus-engorged mosquitoes were placed in a 3.8 liter ceptibility to RVF viral infection. Ten percentcardboard container with netting over one end. liver suspensions were prepared from a sampleThis container was placed in an incubator of the hamsters that died after exposure to mos-
Blind carrier phase acquisition for QAM constellations (1997)

A constant need for ever-increasing throughputs through fixed bandwidths, fueled by several high-speed applications (such as digital TV), has pushed system designers toward more throughput-efficient modulation schemes. Because of their relatively good performance, large quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations are being used in many of these applications. One of the problems associated with the use of large QAM constellations is that of carrier acquisition, which, for efficiency reasons, must often be done without the use of a preamble. The problem is further complicated for cross constellations, for which the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) corner points used by some simple carrier phase estimators are not available. We derive simple algorithms for carrier phase acquisition that can be used for both square and cross constellations, and compare their performance to those of the maximum-likelihood (ML), the fourth-power estimator, and a modified fourth-power estimator, obtained by considering a reduced constellation. The introduced algorithms convert the problem of carrier phase estimation into one of estimating the mode of an underlying distribution. An expression for this underlying distribution is also obtained. The results obtained indicate that the introduced algorithms significantly outperform the fourth-power estimator for moderate to high SNRs, especially when cross constellations are used.
Laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (1987)

Fluorescence laser scanning microscopy (LSM) offers many advantages over conventional fluorescence microscopy. Very strong excitation light can be concentrated on small spots (0.5 microm) of the specimen, enabling the detection of low concentrations of fluorescent substances. The low levels of autofluorescence generated in the microscope objective and in the immersion oil in LSM provide images of great contrast, even with weakly fluorescent specimens. Confocal LSM permits the visualization of multiple focal layers of thespecimen and 3-D image reconstructions. Combination of images stored in computer memory allow the comparison of phase contrast and fluorescence images of the same area of the specimen enabling multiparameter analysis of cells.
Coronavirus multiplication: locations of genes for virion proteins on the avian infectious bronchitis virus genome (1984)

Six overlapping viral RNAs are synthesized in cells infected with the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). These RNAs contain a 3'-coterminal nested sequence set and were assumed to be viral mRNAs. The seven major IBV virion proteins are all produced by processing of three polypeptides of ca. 23, 51, and 115 kilodaltons. These are the core polypeptides of the small membrane proteins, the nucleocapsid protein, and the 155-kilodalton precursor to the large membrane proteins GP90 and GP84, respectively. To determine which mRNAs specify these polypeptides, we isolated RNA from infected cells and translated it in a messenger-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Proteins of 23, 51, and 110 kilodaltons were produced. Two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping demonstrated that these proteins were closely related to the major virion proteins. Fractionation of the RNA before cell-free translation permitted the correlation of messenger activities for synthesis of the proteins with the presence of specific mRNAs. We found that the smallest RNA, RNA A, directs the synthesis of P51, the nucleocapsid protein. RNA C, which contains the sequences of RNA A, directs the synthesis of the small membrane protein P23. RNA E directs the synthesis of the large virion glycoproteins. These results supported a model in which only the unique 5'-terminal domain of each IBV mRNA is active in translation and enabled us to localize genes for virion proteins on the IBV genome.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Enhances Expansion of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells without Diminishing Their Immunosuppressive Potential (2011)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the main curative therapy for many hematologic malignancies. Its potential relies on graft-versus-tumor effects which associate with graft-versus-host disease. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties that make them attractive therapeutic alternatives. We evaluated the in vitro immunosuppressive activity of medium conditioned by human MSCs from 5 donors expanded 13 passages with or without FGF-2. FGF-2 supplementation increased expansion 3,500- and 240,000-fold by passages 7 and 13, respectively. There were no differences in immunosuppressive activity between media conditioned by passage-matched cells expanded under different conditions, but media conditioned by FGF-treated MSCs were superior to population doubling-matched controls. The immunosuppressive activity was maintained in three of the preparations but decreased with expansion in two. The proliferation induced by FGF-2 did not result in loss of immunosuppressive activity. However, because the immunosuppressive activity was not consistently preserved, caution must be exercised to ensure that the activity of the cells is sufficient after extensive expansion.
Automatically identifying trouble-indicating speech behaviors in alzheimer's disease (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) deteriorates executive, linguistic, and functional capacity and is rapidly becoming more prevalent. In particular, AD leads to an inability to follow simple dialogues. In this paper, we annotate two databases of dyad conversations, that include individuals with AD, with trouble indicating behaviors (TIBs). We then extract lexical/syntactic and acoustic features from all utterances and identify those that are most indicative of TIB (which include speech rate and utterance likelihoods in a standard language model) and classify utterances as having TIB or not with up to 79.5% accuracy. This will allow us to build automated dialogue systems and assessment tools that are sensitive to confusion in people with AD.
Scaling of Misorientation Angle Distributions (1998)

The measurement of misorientation angle distributions following different amounts of deformation in cold-rolled aluminum and nickel and compressed stainless steel is reported. The scaling of the dislocation cell boundary misorientation angle distributions is studied. Surprisingly, the distributions for the small to large strain regimes for aluminum, 304L stainless steel, nickel, and copper (taken from the literature) appear to be identical. Hence the distributions may be ``universal.'' These results have significant implications for the development of dislocation based deformation models.
Relating Organic Fouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes to Intermolecular Adhesion Forces (2006)

Organic fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and its relation to foulant--foulant intermolecular adhesion forces has been investigated. Alginate and Suwannee River natural organic matter were used as model organic foulants. Atomic force microscopy was utilized to determine the adhesion force between bulk organic foulants and foulants deposited on the membrane surface under various solution chemistries. The measured adhesion force was related to the RO fouling rate determined from fouling experiments under solution chemistries similar to those used in the AFM measurements. A remarkable correlation was obtained between the measured adhesion force and the fouling rate under the solution chemistries investigated. Fouling was more severe at solution chemistries that resulted in larger adhesion forces, namely, lower pH, higher ionic strength, presence of calcium ions (but not magnesium ions), and higher mass ratio of alginate to Suwannee River natural organic matter. The significant adhesion force measured with alginate in the presence of calcium ions indicated the formation of a crossed-linked alginate gel layer during fouling through intermolecular bridging among alginate molecules.
Regulation of Cysteine‐Rich Intestinal Protein, a Zinc Finger Protein, by Mediators of the Immune Response (2000)

Cysteine-rich intestinal protein (CRIP), a member of the LIM protein family, has a unique double zinc finger motif as the defining feature. CRIP is highly expressed in intestine and immune cells. CRIP transgenic (Tg) mice and nontransgenic controls were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Serum concentrations of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were less while those of interleukin-6 and -10 were greater in the Tg mice following LPS administration. CRIP-overexpressing splenocytes produce the same cytokine profile. These responses are consistent with a regulatory role for this protein in cell differentiation, which produces an imbalance in Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Stimulation of CRIP protein levels by LPS is eliminated in metallothionein knockout mice, suggesting metallothionein is the source of zinc for this zinc finger protein and, further, that this could reflect a relationship to the zinc nutritional status and to the aberrant Th1/Th2 cytokine balance observed in zinc deficiency.