gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Liquid-Phase Reduction Method-Based Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub> Catalyst and Reaction Characteristics during HCHO Room-Temperature Oxidation (2020)

This study was conducted to investigate the conditions used to prepare Pt/TiO2 catalysts via a liquid-phase reduction method and to analyze the room-temperature oxidation characteristics of formaldehyde (HCHO) upon application of the catalysts. We found that the major factors determining the catalyst activity during catalyst preparation were the temperature used in liquid-phase reduction, the Pt/N2H4 ratio, and pH, whereas the reduction time and the addition of alkali metal had no significant effect. In addition, compared to the HCHO oxidation performance of catalysts obtained via the general method employed (gas-phase reduction), that of the catalysts obtained via liquid-phase reduction were superior. This result indicates that H2O significantly contributes to enhancing the catalytic activity when using liquid-phase reduction method-based catalysts as the conversion of HCHO into reaction intermediates is accelerated and the hydroxyl groups serving as adsorption sites are restored.
Single event upset at ground level (1996)

Ground level upsets have been observed in computer systems containing large amounts of random access memory (RAM). Atmospheric neutrons are most likely the major cause of the upsets based on measured data using the Weapons Neutron Research (WNR) neutron beam.
Supported TBD-Assisted Solution Phase Diversification of Formyl-Aza-Heterocycles Through Alkylation-Knoevenagel One Pot Sequences (2011)

An efficient solution-phase parallel procedure to perform the structural diversification of some formyl-nitrogen heterocycles (A) using the reusable TBD supported base is described. The library synthesis is based in a consecutive Alkylation-Knoevenagel functionalisation that uses alkyl halides (B), Michael acceptors (C) and activated methylene compounds (D) as diversity elements.
Evaluation of Salivary Antibodies to Detect Infection with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (1997)

Helicobacter pylori infection is an important cause of peptic ulcer disease and chronic gastritis. Infection with this bacterium stimulates the production of immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody. Salivary IgG antibody tests to detect H pylori infection offer a convenient and noninvasive method of diagnosis. To evaluate an IgG salivary antibody kit, saliva was collected from 157 out-patients with dyspepsia referred for endoscopy to a tertiary centre. A salivary IgG ELISA antibody assay was performed using the Helisal Helicobacter pylori (IgG) assay kit, and at least four gastric biopsies were obtained. H pylori infection was confirmed by demonstration of the organism on Warthin-Starry silver stain (sensitivity 85%, specificity 55%). The prevalence of infection with H pylori was 30%. When the analysis was redone, excluding those treated with eradication therapy, the results were similar (sensitivity 86%, specificity 58%). The positive predictive value of the assay was 45% and the negative predictive value was 90%. Despite the ease of sampling, the assay used has limited diagnostic utility, lacking the predictive value to indicate which patients referred with dyspeptic symptoms to a tertiary care setting are infected with H pylori.
Chemistry and Biology Of Multicomponent Reactions (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTChemistry and Biology Of Multicomponent ReactionsAlexander Dömling*†‡, Wei Wang†§, and Kan Wang†View Author Information† Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower 3, Suite 10019, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States‡ Chair of Drug Design, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands§ Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China*E-mail: [email protected]. Fax: (+)412-383-5298.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 6, 3083–3135Publication Date (Web):March 22, 2012Publication History Received23 July 2010Published online22 March 2012Published inissue 13 June 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100233rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100233rreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31588Altmetric-Citations1987LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Reaction products,Receptors,Scaffolds Get e-Alerts
Desirable catalyst properties in selective oxidation reactions (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesirable catalyst properties in selective oxidation reactionsHarold H. KungCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1986, 25, 2, 171–178Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300022a009https://doi.org/10.1021/i300022a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views459Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Breast cancer detection with sonography and mammography: comparison using state-of-the-art equipment (1983)

This prospective study, involving 1,000 women referred for routine mammography, compares the breast cancer detecting abilities of state-of-the-art mammography and sonography using an automated water-path scanner. Mammography was found to be the superior technique, detecting 62 (97%) of the 64 pathologically proven cancers, while sonography detected only 37 (58%). When considering those cancers most amenable to cure, mammography detected over 90% in all categories, but sonography detected only 48% of the cancers that had not yet spread to axillary lymph nodes, only 30% of the nonpalpable malignancies, and only 8% of the cancers smaller than 1 cm. These data indicate that sonography is not an acceptable substitute for mammography in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. The data further suggest that radiologists who wish to improve the cancer-detecting ability of their current breast imaging operation should upgrade their mammography to state-of-the-art status before adding an automated whole-breast ultrasound scanner.
A novel harmonic power filter (2003)

A novel harmonic power filter system consisting of passive LC filters and voltage source pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) converters is described. This filter system has the merits of both conventional passive LC filters and conventional active power filters. The operating principle and a control scheme for the system are described. Compensation characteristics are discussed from both a theoretical and experimental point of view. The practicability and validity of compensation for large-capacity thyristor converters is experimentally demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A pluggable architectural model and a formally specified programming language independent API for an ontological knowledge base server (2005)

Recently, ontology engineering has become ever more important when it comes to conceptualize knowledge. However, writing software applications that operate on ontological knowledge still suffers from a lack of connectivity provided by available ontology management systems. Interfaces of ontology management systems are either based on error prone programming language agnostic remoting protocols or they are restricted to one particular programming language. We implemented an ontological Knowledge Base Server, which can expose the functionality of arbitrary off-the-shelf ontology management systems via arbitrary remoting protocols. Based on XML Schema Definition, we defined a full-fledged API for processing OWL ontologies. Client access code can be generated automatically for virtually any object oriented programming language. Using Description Logics terminology, the Knowledge Base Server API was formally specified, such that it could be used to validate implementations based on three different adapted ontology management systems.
Photoassisted Overall Water Splitting in a Visible Light-Absorbing Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cell (2009)

Iridium oxide nanoparticles stabilized by a heteroleptic ruthenium tris(bipyridyl) dye were used as sensitizers in photoelectrochemical cells consisting of a nanocrystalline anatase anode and a Pt cathode. The dye coordinated the IrO(2) x nH(2)O nanoparticles through a malonate group and the porous TiO(2) electrode through phosphonate groups. Under visible illumination (lambda > 410 nm) in pH 5.75 aqueous buffer, oxygen was generated at anode potentials positive of -325 mV vs Ag/AgCl and hydrogen was generated at the cathode. The internal quantum yield for photocurrent generation was ca. 0.9%. Steady-state luminescence and time-resolved flash photolysis/transient absorbance experiments were done to measure the rates of forward and back electron transfer. The low quantum yield for overall water splitting in this system can be attributed to slow electron transfer (approximately 2.2 ms) from IrO(2) x nH(2)O to the oxidized dye. Forward electron transfer does not compete effectively with the back electron transfer reaction from TiO(2) to the oxidized dye, which occurred on a time scale of 0.37 ms.
198. Experiments bearing on the synthesis of cortisone. Part I. Some cyclopentenone derivatives (1952)

R. M. Acheson and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 1127 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520001127
Redundancy and Specificity of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Iron Acquisition Systems during Urinary Tract Infection (2011)

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the predominant cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI), utilizes an array of outer membrane iron receptors to facilitate siderophore and heme import from within the iron-limited urinary tract. While these systems are required for UPEC in vivo fitness and are assumed to be functionally redundant, the relative contributions of specific receptors to pathogenesis are unknown. To delineate the relative roles of distinct UPEC iron acquisition systems in UTI, isogenic mutants in UPEC strain CFT073 or 536 lacking individual receptors were competed against one another in vivo in a series of mixed infections. When combinations of up to four mutants were coinoculated using a CBA/J mouse model of ascending UTI, catecholate receptor mutants (ΔfepA, Δiha, and ΔiroN mutants) were equally fit, suggesting redundant function. However, noncatecholate siderophore receptor mutants, including the ΔiutA aerobactin receptor mutant and the ΔfyuA yersiniabactin receptor mutant, were frequently outcompeted by coinoculated mutants, indicating that these systems contribute more significantly to UPEC iron acquisition in vivo. A tissue-specific preference for heme acquisition was also observed, as a heme uptake-deficient Δhma ΔchuA double mutant was outcompeted by siderophore receptor mutants specifically during kidney colonization. The relative contribution of each receptor to UTI only partially correlated with in vivo levels of receptor gene expression, indicating that other factors likely contributed to the observed fitness differences. Overall, our results suggest that UPEC iron receptors provide both functional redundancy and niche specificity for this pathogen as it colonizes distinct sites within the urinary tract.
Hydridic Rhenium Nitrosyl Complexes with Pincer-Type PNP Ligands (2007)

The hydride complexes ReHBr(NO)[HN(C2H4PR2)2] (R = Pri, 1a; But, 1b) were synthesized by reactions of [NEt4]2[Re(NO)Br5] with the pincer-type ligands HN(C2H4PR2)2. Treatment of 1a and 1b with ButOK led to their dehydrobromination, resulting in the amido hydrides ReH(NO)[N(C2H4PR2)2] (2a,b), respectively. The dihydride trans-ReH2(NO)[HN(C2H4PPri2)2] (3a) was obtained by stirring an ether solution of 2a under hydrogen. Similarly, partial conversion of 2b was achieved under hydrogen to give trans-ReH2(NO)[HN(C2H4PBut2)2] (3b). The structure and properties of complexes 1−3 were studied by DFT calculations. Complexes 2a and 3a demonstrated low activity for transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone and cyclohexanone due to instability in 2-propanol.
On The Use Of Biometrics In Forensics: Gait And Ear (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
From e-sex to e-commerce: Web search changes (2002)

The Web has become a worldwide source of information and a mainstream business tool. Are human information needs and searching behaviors evolving along with Web content? As part of a body of research studying this question, we have analyzed three data sets culled from more than one million queries submitted by more than 200,000 users of the Excite Web search engine, collected in September 1997, December 1999, and May 2001. This longitudinal benchmark study shows that public Web searching is evolving in certain directions. Specifically, search topics have shifted from entertainment and sex to commerce and people, but there is little change in query lengths or frequency per user. Search topics have shifted, but there is little change in user search behaviors.
A micromanipulation cell including a tool changer (2005)

This paper deals with the design, fabrication and characterization of a tool changer for micromanipulation cells. This tool changer is part of a manipulation cell including a three linear axes robot and a piezoelectric microgripper. All these parts are designed to perform micromanipulation tasks in confined spaces such as a microfactory or in the chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The tool changer principle is to fix a pair of tools (i.e. the gripper tips) either on the tips of the microgripper actuator (piezoceramic bulk) or on a tool magazine. The temperature control of a thermal glue enables one to fix or release this pair of tools. Liquefaction and solidification are generated by surface mounted device (SMD) resistances fixed on the surface of the actuator or magazine. Based on this principle, the tool changer can be adapted to other kinds of micromanipulation cells. Hundreds of automatic tool exchanges were performed with a maximum positioning error between two consecutive tool exchanges of 3.2 µm, 2.3 µm and 2.8 µm on the X, Y and Z axes respectively (Z refers to the vertical axis). Finally, temperature measurements achieved under atmospheric pressure and in a vacuum environment and pressure measurements confirm the possibility of using this device in the air as well as in a SEM.
Loss of capsule expression by Haemophilus influenzae type b results in enhanced adherence to and invasion of human cells (1991)

Haemophilus influenzae type b is a common cause of systemic bacterial disease in children, and the serotype b capsule is a major determinant of virulence. Nevertheless, as a consequence of the genetic configuration of the capb locus, type b strains become capsule deficient at a high frequency. To investigate the potential biological relevance of the predisposition to capsule loss, we compared the adherent and invasive abilities of several strains of H. influenzae type b and their isogenic capsule-deficient mutants by using cultured human epithelial cells. In all cases the capsule-deficient mutant demonstrated significantly greater adherence and invasion than the encapsulated parent. Transformation of one capsule-deficient mutant to restore encapsulation resulted in a marked decrease in adherence and invasion. All strains were capable of adherence and invasion by a pilus-independent mechanism. We conclude that capsule loss by H. influenzae type b results in enhanced in vitro adherence and invasion, properties that may be relevant to colonization of the nasopharynx and persistence within the respiratory tract. These observations suggest an explanation for the evolution of the capb locus as directly repeated segments of DNA with a consequent predisposition to recombination resulting in capsule loss.
Mutations in the<i>Drosophila</i>glycoprotein hormone receptor,<i>rickets</i>, eliminate neuropeptide-induced tanning and selectively block a stereotyped behavioral program (2002)

Adult insects achieve their final form shortly after adult eclosion by the combined effects of specialized behaviors that generate increased blood pressure, which causes cuticular expansion, and hormones, which plasticize and then tan the cuticle. We examined the molecular mechanisms contributing to these processes in Drosophila by analyzing mutants for the rickets gene. These flies fail to initiate the behavioral and tanning processes that normally follow ecdysis. Sequencing of rickets mutants and STS mapping of deficiencies confirmed that rickets encodes the glycoprotein hormone receptor DLGR2. Although rickets mutants produce and release the insect-tanning hormone bursicon, they do not melanize when injected with extracts containing bursicon. In contrast, mutants do melanize in response to injection of an analog of cyclic AMP, the second messenger for bursicon. Hence, rickets appears to encode a component of the bursicon response pathway, probably the bursicon receptor itself. Mutants also have a behavioral deficit in that they fail to initiate the behavioral program for wing expansion. A set of decapitation experiments utilizing rickets mutants and flies that lack cells containing the neuropeptide eclosion hormone, reveals a multicomponent control to the activation of this behavioral program.
Residential precinct demand forecasting using optimised solar generation and battery storage (2015)

In the future there will be an increased uptake of solar and battery systems in the residential sector, driven by falling battery costs and increasing electricity tariffs. The increased uptake means we need new methods to forecast electricity demand when considering these technologies. This paper has achieved this goal using a two stage model. Stage 1: A machine learning demand model has been created applying adaptive boost to a regression tree algorithm, achieving an RMS error of 0.25. The model has been used to simulate the individual base-demand for 50 homes in a precinct. Stage 2: A linear programing model has been developed that determines the impact of solar and battery storage on that base demand, and optimizes the system capacities for each home in the precinct while limiting emissions. This model shows reducing emissions by 50% through solar and battery storage cost 2.6% more than the grid only scenario.
Membrane-Anchored Forms of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Binding Protein Do Not Mediate Cellular Responses to LPS Independently of CD14 (1999)

Inflammatory responses of myeloid cells to LPS are mediated through CD14, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored receptor that binds LPS. Since CD14 does not traverse the plasma membrane and alternatively anchored forms of CD14 still enable LPS-induced cellular activation, the precise role of CD14 in mediating these responses remains unknown. To address this, we created a transmembrane and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored form of LPS-binding protein (LBP), a component of serum that binds and transfers LPS to other molecules. Stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblast and U373 astrocytoma cell lines expressing membrane-anchored LBP (mLBP), as well as separate CHO and U373 cell lines expressing membrane CD14 (mCD14), were subsequently generated. Under serum-free conditions, CHO and U373 cells expressing mCD14 responded to as little as 0.1 ng/ml of LPS, as measured by NF-kappaB activation as well as ICAM and IL-6 production. Conversely, the vector control and mLBP-expressing cell lines did not respond under serum-free conditions even in the presence of more than 100 ng/ml of LPS. All the cell lines exhibited responses to less than 1 ng/ml of LPS in the presence of the soluble form of CD14, demonstrating that they are still capable of LPS-induced activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that mLBP, a protein that brings LPS to the cell surface, does not mediate cellular responses to LPS independently of CD14. These findings suggest that CD14 performs a more specific role in mediating responses to LPS than that of simply bringing LPS to the cell surface.
Alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxide catalyzed by an aluminum Schiff base–ammonium salt system (2005)

Abstract The alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) with an aluminum Schiff base complex in conjunction with an appropriate additive as a novel initiator is demonstrated. A typical example is the copolymerization of CO 2 and CHO with the (Salophen)AlMe ( 1a )–tetraethylammonium acetate (Et 4 NOAc) system. When a mixture of the 1a –Et 4 NOAc system and CHO was pressurized by CO 2 (50 atm) at 80 °C in CH 2 Cl 2 , the copolymerization of CO 2 and CHO took place smoothly and produced a high polymer yield in 24 h. From the IR and NMR spectra, the product was characterized to be a copolymer of CO 2 and CHO with an almost perfect alternating structure. The matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis indicated that an unfavorable reaction between Et 4 NOAc and CH 2 Cl 2 and a possible chain‐transfer reaction with concomitant water occurred, and this resulted in the bimodal distribution of the obtained copolymer. With carefully predried reagents and apparatus, the alternating copolymerization in toluene gave a copolymer with a unimodal and narrower molecular weight distribution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4172–4186, 2005