gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compressed sensing method for human activity sensing using mobile phone accelerometers (2012)

This paper presents the first complete design to apply the compressed sensing (CS) theory to activity sensor data gathering for smart phones. Today, most of the mobile phones are equipped with multiple sensors, such as cameras, GPS, and accelerometers. By exploiting the sensing features, we capture many different events and share them over the mobile network. One of the most important challenges for such a participatory sensing system is to reduce the battery consumption of the mobile device. We overcome this challenge by reducing the communication data, without introducing intensive computation at mobile terminals. The CS technique consists of very simple matrix operations at the mobile side, and CPU-intensive reconstruction is performed on the resource-rich machine on the network side. Since CS is a lossy compression technique, the reconstructed signal contains errors depending on the degree of sparseness of the original signal. We evaluated the proposed method by using a large amount of real activity data consisting of six basic activities performed by 90 test subjects. We also implemented our method on the iPhone/iPod platform and showed that our method can reduce power consumption by approximately 16% as compared with ZIP compression, while maintaining the error below 10%.
Mode of action of LciA, the lactococcin A immunity protein (1994)

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a fusion between the Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein and LciA, the immunity protein that protects Lactococcus lactis against the effects of the bacteriocin lactococcin A. One of the antibodies directed against the LciA moiety of the fusion protein was used to locate the immunity protein in the L. lactis producer cell. LciA was present in the cytosolic, the membrane-associated, and the membrane fractions in roughly equal amounts, irrespective of the production by the cells of lactococcin A. The monoclonal antibody specifically reacted with right-side-out vesicles obtained from a strain producing the immunity protein. It did not react with inside-out vesicles of the same strain, or with right-side-out vesicles obtained from a strain producing both LciA and lactococcin A. Also, externally added lactococcin A blocked the interaction between the antibody and right-side-out vesicles obtained from a strain producing only LciA. The epitope in LciA was localized between amino acid residues 60 and 80. As the epitope could be removed from right-side-out vesicles by proteinase K, it is located at the outside of the cell. The immunity protein contains a putative alpha-amphiphilic helix from residue 29 to 47. A model is proposed in which this helix is thought to traverse the membrane in such a way that the C-terminal part of the protein, containing the epitope, is on the outside of the cell. Vesicle-fusion studies together with leucine-uptake experiments suggest that the immunity protein interacts with the putative receptor for lactococcin A, thus preventing pore formation by the bacteriocin.
B-Cell Maturation Stages of Burkitt's Lymphoma Cell Lines According to Epstein-Barr Virus Status and Type of Chromosome Translocation<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1987)

This study addressed the possible relationship between B-cell maturation stage of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status, ethnic group, or type of chromosome translocation. Fifty-seven cell lines obtained at the International Agency for Research on Cancer from 51 patients were studied. Cytogenetic analyses of 54 cells lines were available. Cell size, surface immunoglobulins (sIgs), cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (cIgs), mouse red blood cell receptors, and reactivity with various monoclonal antibodies were assessed. Immunoglobulin (Ig) class secretions were measured in the supernatant of 2- and 5-day cultures from 33 cell lines, with the use of a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. From this study, BL appears to cover a broad range of the B-cell differentiation sequence, since the following Ig phenotypes were observed: null cells (sIg-, cIg-), large pre-B-cells (intracytoplasmic mu-chains), small B-cells (sIg+, cIg-), and various types of secreting B-cells (sIg+, cIg+). Among the latter, various patterns of cIg could be defined (perinuclear, paranuclear, and vesicular). B-cell maturation stages were correlated with the amount of secreted Ig. In sIg+ cell lines, different classes of Ig were found: 35 IgM, 10 IgM plus IgD, 4 IgG, and 1 IgA. None of the different monoclonal antibodies used was specific to a precise stage of maturation. The stages of maturation were correlated with neither the type of chromosome translocations of BL nor the presence of EBV genome, but the most immature cell lines were all EBV positive and most of them originated from African patients. In contrast with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen (CD10) was expressed on nearly all BL cell lines of intermediate maturation stages but only on half of the pre-B ones. In addition, none of the cell lines tested was found to react with CD5 antibodies, which recognize most of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia of the same stage of maturation as that in the B-lymphocyte lineage.
Double Catalytic Enantioselective Alkylation: Total Synthesisof (-)-Cyanthiwigin F (2008)

Double-catalytic transformations are efficient and interesting routes to construct highly complex and functionalized compounds rapidly. There are a number of examples of double-catalytic enantioselective reactions to date (see Reviews below). This report utilizes this unique approach to construct a key precursor to what is arguably the greatest challenge in the synthesis of this natural product.
INSULIN INDEPENDENCE AFTER SOLITARY ISLET TRANSPLANTATION IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC PATIENTS USING STEROID-FREE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION. (2000)

Shapiro, A. M.James; Lakey, Jonathan R.T.; Ryan, Edmond; Korbutt, Gregory S.; Toth, Ellen; Warnock, Garth L.; Kneteman, Norman M.; Rajotte, Raymond V. Author Information
Dual role of MEK/ERK signaling in senescence and transformation of intestinal epithelial cells (2004)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade operates downstream of Ras to convey cell-surface signals to the nucleus via nuclear translocation of ERK1 and ERK2. We and others have recently demonstrated that activation of ERK1/2 by growth factors is required for proliferation of intestinal epithelial crypt cells. However, it remained to be established whether ERK1/2 activation alone was sufficient to trigger intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation. To this aim, retrovirus encoding the hemagglutinin-tagged MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)1 wild type (wtMEK), the upstream activator of ERK1/2, or a constitutively active mutant of MEK1 (MEK1-S218D/S222D; caMEK) were used to infect nonimmortalized human normal intestinal epithelial crypt cell cultures [human intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC)] and rodent immortalized intestinal crypt cells (IEC-6). Stable expression of caMEK but not wtMEK in HIEC led to the irreversible arrest of cellular proliferation (premature senescence). Concomitant with the onset of cell-cycle arrest was the induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21(Cip), p53, and p16(INK4A). By contrast, overexpression of caMEK in IEC-6 cells induced growth factor relaxation for DNA synthesis, promoted morphological transformation and growth in soft agar, and did not affect expression of p21(Cip), p53, and p16(INK4A). We provided evidences that ERK1b, an alternatively spliced isoform of ERK1, is activated and may contribute to the deregulation of contact inhibition cell growth and transformation of these cells. Constitutive activation of MEK in IECs can produce either premature senescence or forced mitogenesis depending on the integrity of a senescence program controlled by the cell cycle inhibitors p53, p16(INK4A), and p21(CIP).
Developments in Macromolecular Drug Delivery (2008)

Macromolecular drugs hold great promise as novel therapeutics of several major disorders, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, their use is limited by lack of efficient, safe, and specific delivery strategies. Successful development of such strategies requires interdisciplinary collaborations involving researchers with expertise on, e.g., polymer chemistry, cell biology, nanotechnology, systems biology, advanced imaging methods, and clinical medicine. This not only poses obvious challenges to the scientific community but also provides opportunities for the unexpected at the interface between different disciplines. This introductory chapter summarizes and gives references to studies on macromolecular delivery that should be of interest to a broad scientific audience involved in macromolecular drug synthesis as well as in vitro and in vivo drug delivery studies.
Beyond the Lambertian assumption: A generative model for Apparent BRDF fields of faces using anti-symmetric tensor splines (2008)

Human faces are neither exactly Lambertian nor entirely convex and hence most models in literature which make the Lambertian assumption, fall short when dealing with specularities and cast shadows. In this paper, we present a novel anti-symmetric tensor spline (a spline for tensor-valued functions) based method for the estimation of the Apparent BRDF (ABRDF) field for human faces that seamlessly accounts for specularities and cast shadows. Furthermore, unlike other methods, it does not require any 3D information to build the model and can work with as few as 9 images. In order to validate the accuracy of our anti-symmetric tensor spline model, we present a novel approximation of the ABRDF using a continuous mixture of single-lobed spherical functions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our anti-symmetric tensor-spline model in comparison to other popular models in the literature, by presenting extensive results for face relighting and face recognition using the Extended Yale B database.
Monte Carlo Simulation of a New Gamma Ray Telescope (1985)

A new Monte Carlo code has been written to simulate the response of the new University of California double scatter gamma ray telescope. This package of modular software routines, written in VAX FORTRAN 77 simulates the detection of 0.1 to 35 MeV gamma rays. The new telescope is flown from high altitude balloons to measure medium energy gamma radiation from astronomical sources. This paper presents (1) the basic physics methods in the code (2) and the predicted response functions of the telescope. Gamma ray processes include Compton scattering, pair production and photoelectric absorption in plastic scintillator, NaI(Tl) and aluminum. Electron transport processes include ionization energy loss, multiple scattering, production of bremsstrahlung photons and positron annihilation.
Attaching chelating ligands to polybenzimidazole via epoxidation to obtain metal selective sorbents (1989)

Abstract Microporous polybenzimidazole of 250–500 μm spherical bead size from Celanese has been reacted with epichlorohydrin and sodium hydroxide and the resulting product with pendant epoxy groups has been reacted with various chelating ligands in order to augment the metal sorption capacity and selectivity of the resin. The chelating ligands used include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, diethanolamine, dimethylglyoxime, L ‐cysteine, thiourea, dithiooxamide, glyoxal‐bis‐2‐hydroxyanil, salicylaldehyde‐ethylenediimine, and glyoxal‐bis‐2‐mercaptoanil. The aminolysis of the pendant epoxy groups with the oligoamines has been performed in pyridine under reflux conditions, while the addition reactions with the other ligands which are alkali soluble have been carried out at room temperature in a mixture of dioxane and aqueous KOH using tetra‐ n ‐butylammonium iodide as the phase transfer catalyst. The products are found to possess high capacity and selectivity in metal sorption depending on the ligand attached.
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to<i>E1</i>,<i>E3</i>,<i>E4</i>, and<i>E7</i>maturity genes in soybean (2003)

Soybean near isogenic lines (NILs), contrasting for maturity and photoperiod sensitivity loci, were genotyped with approximately 430 mapped simple sequence repeats (SSRs), also known as microsatellite markers. By analysis of allele distributions across the NILs, it was possible to confirm the map location of the Dt1 indeterminate growth locus, to refine the SSR mapping of the T tawny pubescence locus, to map E1 and E3 maturity loci with molecular markers, and to map the E4 and E7 maturity loci for the first time. Molecular markers flanking these loci are now available for marker-assisted breeding for these traits. Analysis of map locations identified a putative homologous relationship among four chromosomal regions; one in the middle of linkage group (LG) C2 carrying E1 and E7, one on LG I carrying E4, one at the top of LG C2, at which there is a reproductive period quantitative trait locus (QTL), and the fourth on LG B1. Other evidence suggests that homology also exists between the E1 + E7 region on LG C2 and a region on LG L linked to a pod maturity QTL. Homology relationships predict possible locations in the soybean genome of additional maturity loci, as well as which maturity loci may share a common evolutionary origin and similar mechanism(s) of action.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Methyl 4,6‐O‐Benzylidene‐2‐C‐methoxycarbonylmethyl‐α‐D‐ribo‐hexopyranosid ‐3‐ulose, and Its X‐Ray Crystallographic Analysis. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ursolic acid attenuates oxidative stress-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma induction by diethylnitrosamine in male Wistar rats. (2009)

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary cancer of the liver in Asian countries. For more than a decade natural dietary agents including fruits, vegetables and spices have drawn a great deal of attention in the prevention of diseases, preferably cancer. Ursolic acid is a natural triterpenoid widely found in food, medicinal herbs, apple peel and other products it has been extensively studied for its anticancer and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ursolic acid in diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced and phenobarbital promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar rats. Antioxidant status was assessed by alterations in level of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls. Damage to plasma membranes was assessed by levels of membrane and tissue ATPases. Liver tissue was homogenized and utilized for estimation of lipid peroxides, protein carbonyls and glycoproteins. Anticoagulated blood was utilized for erythrocyte membrane isolation. Oral administration of UA 20 mg/kg bodyweight for 6 weeks decreased the levels of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls at a significance of p< 0.05. Activities of membrane and tissue ATPases returned to normal after UA administration. Levels of glycoproteins were also restored after treatment. Histopathological observations were recorded. The findings from the above study suggest the effectiveness of UA in reducing the oxidative stress mediated changes in liver of rats. Since UA has been found to be a potent antioxidant, it can be suggested as an excellent chemopreventive agent in overcoming diseases like cancer which are mediated by free radicals.
ABC triblock polyampholytes containing a neutral hydrophobic block, a polyacid and a polybase (1997)

Abstract Well defined ABC triblock copolymers of polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine)‐ block ‐poly( tert ‐butyl methacrylate) and polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐ block ‐poly( tert ‐butyl methacrylate) were synthesized by sequential living anionic polymerization in tetrahydrofuran. Triblock copolymers with narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained. Hydrolysis of the poly( tert ‐butyl methacrylate) block yields polystyrene‐ block ‐polyvinylpyridine‐ block ‐poly(methacrylic acid) which demonstrates pH‐dependent solution properties. Interpolymer complexation of the polyvinylpyridine and poly(methacrylic acid) blocks in the micellar solution is studied in dependence of the pH in solution by potentiometric, conductometric and turbidimetric titration, and in bulk by FTIR spectroscopy.
Rapid Diagnosis of Mycobacterial Infections and Quantitation of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Load by Two Real-Time Calibrated PCR Assays (2003)

Sensitive and specific techniques to detect and identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly in clinical specimens are important for the diagnosis and management of patients with tuberculosis (TB). We developed two real-time PCR assays, based on the IS6110 multicopy element and on the senX3-regX3 intergenic region, which provide a rapid method for the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections. The sensitivity and specificity of both assays were established by using purified DNA from 71 clinical isolates and 121 clinical samples collected from 83 patients, 20 of whom were affected by TB. Both assays are accurate, sensitive, and specific, showing a complementary pattern of Mycobacterium recognition: broader for the IS6110-based assay and restricted to the M. tuberculosis complex for the senX3-regX3-based assay. Moreover, the addition of a synthetic DNA calibrator prior to DNA extraction allowed us to measure the efficiency of DNA recovery and to control for the presence of PCR inhibitors. The mycobacterial burden of the clinical samples, as assessed by direct microscopy, correlates with the M. tuberculosis DNA load measured by the senX3-regX3-based assay. In addition, reduced levels of M. tuberculosis DNA load are present in those patients subjected to successful therapy, suggesting a potential use of this assay for monitoring treatment efficacy. Therefore, these assays represent a fully controlled high-throughput system for the evaluation of mycobacterial burden in clinical specimens.
Interface for Direct and Continuous Sample−Matrix Deposition onto a MALDI Probe for Polymer Analysis by Thermal Field Flow Fractionation and Off-Line MALDI-MS (2005)

A simple interface based on an oscillating capillary nebulizer (OCN) is described for direct deposition of eluate from a thermal field-flow fractionation (ThFFF) system onto a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) probe. In this study, the polymer-containing eluent from the ThFFF system was mixed on-line with MALDI matrix solution and deposited directly onto a moving MALDI probe. The result was a continuous sample track representative of the fractionation process. Subsequent off-line MALDI-mass spectrometry analysis was performed in automated and manual modes. Polystyrene samples of broad polydispersity were used to characterize the overall system performance. The OCN interface is easy to build and operate without the use of heaters or high voltages and is compatible with any MALDI probe format.
Plasma Frequency Selective Surfaces (2007)

This paper is focused on using plasma as a substitute for metal in a frequency selective surface ("FSS"). FSSs have been used for filtering electromagnetic waves. Each FSS layer has to be modeled using numerical methods, and the layers are stacked in such a way to create the desired filtering. Genetic algorithms are used to determine the stacking needed for the desired filtering. This is a complicated and numerically expensive process. We developed a method to replace metal in an FSS with plasma elements. Our plasma FSSs can be tuned to a desired filtering by varying the density in the plasma elements. This could save much of the routine analysis involved in the standard analysis of the conventional FSS structures. The user simply tunes the plasma to get the desired filtering. Plasma elements offer the possibility of improved shielding along with reconfigurability and stealth. Plasma FSS can be made transparent by turning the plasma off. This extends our previous scientific achievements in the development of the plasma antenna
Perchlorate: Health Effects and Technologies for Its Removal from Water Resources (2009)

Perchlorate has been found in drinking water and surface waters in the United States and Canada. It is primarily associated with release from defense and military operations. Natural sources include certain fertilizers and potash ores. Although it is a strong oxidant, perchlorate is very persistent in the environment. At high concentrations perchlorate can affect the thyroid gland by inhibiting the uptake of iodine. A maximum contaminant level has not been set, while a guidance value of 6 ppb has been suggested by Health Canada. Perchlorate is measured in environmental samples primarily by ion chromatography. It can be removed from water by anion exchange or membrane filtration. Biological and chemical processes are also effective in removing this species from water.
The Relative Susceptibility of Chickens of Different Ages to Coccidiosis Caused by Eimeria Necatrix (1952)

THERE seems to be some feeling that young chickens are less susceptible than older chickens to infections with Eimeria necatrix. This evidently stems from the studies of Tyzzer, Theiler and Jones (1932) in which they report an experiment in which 7 of 8 birds 35 days old died of experimental infections while only 1 of 7 birds 8 days old died of the infection. The extended discussion of possible factors involved in this matter is excellent and complete and will not be repeated here. In this experiment the birds of different ages were permitted to eat uniformly infected feed for four hours after fasting overnight. This would seem to regulate the oocyst dosage by the size (volume) of the digestive tract. Obviously, the older or larger chickens ingested a larger number of oocysts than the smaller chickens, which may account for the results obtained. Since, as Tyzzer et al. (1932) . . .
Creeping flow in two-dimensional networks (1982)

We discuss creeping incompressible fluid flow in two-dimensional networks consisting of regular lattice arrays of variable-sized channels and junctions. The intended application is to low-Reynolds-number flow in models of porous media. The flow problem is reduced to an analogue linear-network problem and is solved by numerical matrix inversion. It is found that ‘effective-medium theory’ provides an excellent approximation to flow in such networks. Various qualitative features of such flows are discussed, and an elegant general form for the absolute permeability is derived. The latter, and the effective-medium approximation, are equally applicable to three-dimensional networks.
Thermoelectric materials 2001--research and applications : symposium held November 26-29, 2001, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A (2002)

This book provides a benchmark for the state of the field of thermoelectric materials research and development. Highlights of the volume include results on superlattices that show a ZT = 2.4 at room temperature in p-type Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattice thermoelectrics. In addition, preliminary results on p-n couple devices from these superlattices indicate fast-acting spot cooling in addition to improved performance. Thermoelectric materials are utilized in a wide variety of applications related to solid-state refrigeration or small-scale power generation. The book focuses on traditional thermoelectric materials new materials as well as developments in device engineering. Many papers presented here revolve around either maximizing the numerator of Z, called the power factor, or by minimizing l. Topics include: guidance to advanced thermoelectric research; skutterudites; new materials, approaches and measurements; clathrates; chalcogenides; devices; thermoelectric materials and devices - research and development; nanowires and oxides.