gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) in endothelial cells by nitric oxide deficiency (2004)

Endothelial cell dysfunction (ECD) is emerging as a common denominator for diverse cardiovascular abnormalities associated with inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS). Elevated levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a potent eNOS inhibitor, are common in renal failure and may contribute to ECD. Through DNA microarray screening of genes modulated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), we found a 1.8-fold increase in low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression. LOX-1 is a major endothelial receptor for oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDL) and is assumed to play a role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Here, we confirmed the upregulation of LOX-1 mRNA and protein level by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Increased expression of LOX-1 was associated with the accumulation of DiI-labeled OxLDL (DiI-OxLDL) in ADMA- and l-NAME-pretreated HUVEC. To evaluate the contribution of LOX-1 in ADMA-induced accumulation of OxLDL by HUVEC, we used the competitive receptor inhibitor, soluble LOX-1. Treatment of HUVEC with soluble LOX-1 was associated with an approximately two- to threefold inhibition of DiI-OxLDL uptake in l-NAME- or ADMA-treated HUVEC. In conclusion, ADMA- or l-NAME-induced NO deficiency leads to the increased expression of LOX-1 mRNA and protein in HUVEC, which in turn results in the accumulation of OxLDL. Competition with LOX-1-soluble extracellular domain reduces OxLDL accumulation. In summary, elevated ADMA levels, i.e., in patients with renal failure, may be responsible for endothelial accumulation of OxLDL via upregulated LOX-1 receptor, thus contributing to endothelial lipidosis and dysfunction.
EXTENDED NDT FOR THE QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF ADHESIVE BONDED CFRP STRUCTURES (2011)

Due to the increased use of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) and the constant urge for lighter structures, adhesive bonding as an assembly technology has a great potential for high-loaded structures in the aeronautic industry. A prerequisite for such an application is that the bond quality of the adhesive joint can be controlled in a non destructive way. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods exist for the characterisation of defects like pores, delamination or debonding in adhesive bonds. However, these NDT methods for conventional “defectoscopy” do not allow the control of selected physic-chemical properties of the adherend surface and the adhesive joint, which are decisive for the mechanical performance of the adhesive bonds. This lack is an obstacle to a wider deployment of adhesive bonding technology. For this reason, the scope of NDT methods has been widened by Airbus and Fraunhofer IZFP towards “propertyscopy” as new field of technology that has been named ‘Extended NDT’. This presentation highlights the most important use cases and requirements for Extended NDT in the field of adhesive bonding of CFRP structures. Moreover, on these bases recent results from research and development and feasibility studies of Extended NDT are presented. Among these methods, the approach of proof test methods including laser adhesion test, based on high intensity short laser pulse will be presented. These laser adhesion tests generate an elastic shock wave that disbonds the weak adhesive bonds, making the defect visible for other NDT techniques (thermography, US scan, etc...) and so, aim at ensuring the quality of optimal adhesive bonds.
A Dominant Negative Inhibitor of the Egr Family of Transcription Regulatory Factors Suppresses Cerebellar Granule Cell Apoptosis by Blocking c-Jun Activation (2001)

To investigate the role of the Egr family of transcription regulatory factors in neuronal apoptosis, we examined the effect of a dominant negative Egr inhibitor construct in a well characterized in vitro paradigm, cerebellar granule cell death induced by withdrawal of depolarizing concentrations of extracellular potassium. We found that this apoptotic stimulus increases the activity of a reporter gene driven by the Egr response element and that a dominant negative inhibitor of Egr-mediated transcription blocks granule cell apoptosis. In contrast, apoptosis of immature granule cells induced by cytosine arabinoside is not inhibited by the Egr inhibitor construct. Because activation of c-Jun is an essential step in granule cell death induced by potassium deprivation, but not cytosine arabinoside, we asked whether the Egr inhibitor acts by influencing c-Jun activation or its ability to induce apoptosis. We found that the Egr inhibitor does not block the ability of a constitutively active c-Jun construct to induce apoptosis in these cells but does suppress activation of c-Jun-mediated transcription induced by lowering extracellular potassium concentration. Furthermore, the Egr inhibitor blocks the ability of MEKK1 [mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase 1], an upstream kinase capable of stimulating the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase)-c-Jun pathway, to induce apoptosis and activate c-Jun. Together, these studies indicate that the Egr family of transcription factors plays a critical role in neuronal apoptosis and identify c-Jun activation as an important downstream target of the Egr family in this process.
Operational Characteristics of a Periodic Plasma Torch (2004)

Development of a plasma torch, which is intended as an ignition aide within a supersonic combustor, is studied. The high-voltage discharge and plasma plume generated by the torch module are described in a quiescent environment and in a supersonic crossflow. Voltage-current characteristics of the discharge and optical images of the plasma plume are used to characterize the operation of the torch module. The principal advantages of this torch module are its compact design, durability, and operational flexibility. The torch module can be operated in periodic or pulsed modes, depending on the power supply used. In the periodic mode presented in this paper, the capacitors are charged at the line frequency of 60 Hz resulting in a cyclical discharge at a frequency of 120 Hz. In this mode, peak and average powers reaching 8 and 2.8 kW, respectively, are demonstrated. The energy can be as high as 46 J per cycle, which is mainly limited by the power handling capability of the power supply. The penetration height and the volume of torch plume into a Mach 2.5 supersonic flow, typical for a supersonic combustor startup condition (vis-a-vis the crossflow velocity), are investigated. In addition, ignition of ethylene fuel in a Mach 2 supersonic flow with a total temperature of 590 K and pressure of 5.4 atm is demonstrated.
Evidence that the 16 kDa proteolipid (subunit c) of the vacuolar H+-ATPase and ductin from gap junctions are the same polypeptide in <i>Drosophila</i> and <i>Manduca:</i> molecular cloning of the <i>Vha16k</i> gene from <i>Drosophila</i> (1994)

The 16 kDa proteolipid (subunit c) of the eukaryotic vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) is closely related to the ductin polypeptide that forms the connexon channel of gap junctions in the crustacean Nephrops norvegicus. Here we show that the major protein component of Manduca sexta gap junction preparations is a 16 kDa polypeptide whose N-terminal sequence is homologous to ductin and is identical to the deduced sequence of a previously cloned cDNA from Manduca (Dow et al., Gene, 122, 355-360, 1992). We also show that a Drosophila melanogaster cDNA, highly homologous to the Manduca cDNA, can rescue Saccharomyces cerevisiae, defective in V-ATPase function, in which the corresponding yeast gene, VMA3, has been inactivated. Evidence is presented for a single genetic locus (Vha16) in Drosophila, which in adults at least contains a single transcriptional unit. Taken together, the data suggest that in Drosophila and Manduca, the same polypeptide is both the proteolipid subunit c component of the V-ATPase and the ductin component of gap junctions. The intron/exon structure of the Drosophila Vha16 is identical to that of a human Vha16 gene, and is consistent with an ancient duplication of an 8 kDa domain. A pilot study for gene inactivation shows that transposable P-elements can be easily inserted into the Drosophila ductin Vha16 gene. Although without phenotypic consequences, these can serve as a starting point for generation of null alleles.
Blind Deconvolution of Medical Ultrasound Images: A Parametric Inverse Filtering Approach (2007)

The problem of reconstruction of ultrasound images by means of blind deconvolution has long been recognized as one of the central problems in medical ultrasound imaging. In this paper, this problem is addressed via proposing a blind deconvolution method which is innovative in several ways. In particular, the method is based on parametric inverse filtering, whose parameters are optimized using two-stage processing. At the first stage, some partial information on the point spread function is recovered. Subsequently, this information is used to explicitly constrain the spectral shape of the inverse filter. From this perspective, the proposed methodology can be viewed as a "hybridization" of two standard strategies in blind deconvolution, which are based on either concurrent or successive estimation of the point spread function and the image of interest. Moreover, evidence is provided that the "hybrid" approach can outperform the standard ones in a number of important practical cases. Additionally, the present study introduces a different approach to parameterizing the inverse filter. Specifically, we propose to model the inverse transfer function as a member of a principal shift-invariant subspace. It is shown that such a parameterization results in considerably more stable reconstructions as compared to standard parameterization methods. Finally, it is shown how the inverse filters designed in this way can be used to deconvolve the images in a nonblind manner so as to further improve their quality. The usefulness and practicability of all the introduced innovations are proven in a series of both in silico and in vivo experiments. Finally, it is shown that the proposed deconvolutioh algorithms are capable of improving the resolution of ultrasound images by factors of 2.24 or 6.52 (as judged by the autocorrelation criterion) depending on the type of regularization method used.
An audit of antenatal care: the value of the first antenatal visit. (1980)

A critical analysis of the events recorded at the first antenatal visits in a city where all pregnant women are seen by specialist obstetricians for booking for antenatal care and confinement showed that many women attended too late for optimal care. The selection of women for their risk of complications was not very effective, partly because of failure to take account of information that was available, but mainly because many obstetric complications cannot be predicted, except by classifying large proportions of pregnant women as high risk. Even with the greatest care, inappropriate bookings are made at the first visit, and reappraisal of booking for continuing care and confinement is necessary during pregnancy.
Magnetic-Resonance-Based Electrical Property Mapping Using Global Maxwell Tomography With an 8-Channel Head Coil at 7 Tesla: A Simulation Study (2020)

GMT could provide accurate estimations of tissue EP, which could be used as biomarkers and could enable patient-specific estimation of RF power deposition, which is an unsolved problem for ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging.
IP multicast support in MPLS (2003)

Multicast support in an MPLS (multiprotocol label switching) network has yet to be defined. An MPLS network consists of label switching devices such as ATM. This document discusses both dense-mode and sparse-mode IP multicast within the context of an MPLS network. Unlike unicast routing, dense-mode multicast routing trees are established in a data-driven manner and it is not possible to topologically aggregate such trees, which are rooted at different sources. In sparse-mode multicast, source-specific trees may coexist with a core/shared tree, and it is not possible to assign a common label to traffic from different sources on a branch of the shared tree. This leads us to suggest a per-source traffic-driven label allocation scheme for supporting all three types of multicast (dense mode, shared tree, source tree) routing trees in an MPLS network.
Identification of Two Sequences in the Cytoplasmic Tail of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein That Inhibit Cell Surface Expression (2001)

During synthesis and export of protein, the majority of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env glycoprotein gp160 is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequently ubiquitinated and degraded by proteasomes. Only a small fraction of gp160 appears to be correctly folded and processed and is transported to the cell surface, which makes it difficult to identify negative sequence elements regulating steady-state surface expression of Env at the post-ER level. Moreover, poorly localized mRNA retention sequences inhibiting the nucleocytoplasmic transport of viral transcripts interfere with the identification of these sequence elements. Using two heterologous systems with CD4 or immunoglobulin extracellular/transmembrane domains in combination with the gp160 cytoplasmic domain, we were able to identify two membrane-distal, neighboring motifs, is1 (amino acids 750 to 763) and is2 (amino acids 764 to 785), which inhibited surface expression and induced Golgi localization of the chimeric proteins. To prove that these two elements act similarly in the homologous context of the Env glycoprotein, we generated a synthetic gp160 gene with synonymous codons, the transcripts of which are not retained within the nucleus. In accordance with the results in heterologous systems, an internal deletion of both elements considerably increased surface expression of gp160.
Surface donor contribution to electron sheet concentrations in not-intentionally doped InAs-AlSb quantum wells (1992)

The electron concentration in not-intentionally doped InAs/AlSb quantum wells is found to depend sensitively on the top AlSb barrier thickness even for barriers as thick as 100 nm. The carrier concentration increases as the thickness of this barrier is decreased. The analysis of the dependence of concentration on top barrier thickness indicates that the Fermi level is pinned at the surface of the sample, 850±50 meV below the conduction band edge of the AlSb top layer. Surface donors are the main contribution to the high carrier concentrations in these not-intentionally doped wells.
Generation of non-isotropic unstructured grids via directional enrichment (2000)

A procedure for the generation of highly stretched grids suitable for Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) calculations is presented. In a first stage, an isotropic (Euler) mesh is generated. In a second stage, this grid is successively enriched with points in order to achieve highly stretched elements. The element reconnection is carried out using a constrained Delaunay approach. Points are introduced from the regions of lowest stretching towards the regions of highest stretching. The procedure has the advantages of not requiring any type of surface recovery, not requiring extra passes or work to mesh concave ridges/corners, and guarantees a final mesh, an essential requirement for industrial environments. Given that point placement and element quality are highly dependent for the Delaunay procedure, special procedures were developed in order to obtain optimal point placement. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone rescues hippocampal neurons from glutamate-induced cell death through activation of Nrf2 and up-regulation of antioxidant genes (2012)

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has been shown to protect primary cultured hippocampal neurons from glutamate-induced cell apoptosis by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. We investigated the downstream pathways of PI3K/Akt involved in PQQ protection of glutamate-injured hippocampal neurons. Western blot analysis indicated that PQQ treatment following glutamate stimulation triggers phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, accompanied by maintenance of Akt activation. Immunostaining and quantitative RT-PCR revealed that PQQ treatment promotes nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and up-regulates mRNA expression of Nrf2 and the antioxidant enzyme genes, heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic in glutamate-injured hippocampal neurons; this is a process dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway, as evidenced by blocking experiments with PI3K inhibitors. In addition, increased ROS production and decreased glutathione levels in glutamate-injured hippocampal neurons were found to be reduced by PQQ treatment. Collectively, our findings suggest that PQQ exerts neuroprotective activity, possibly through PI3K/Akt-dependent activation of Nrf2 and up-regulation of antioxidant genes. However, the ability of PQQ to scavenge ROS was not totally regulated by PI3K/Akt signaling; possibly it is governed by other mechanisms.
Erythromycin, a peptidyltransferase effector (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleErythromycin, a peptidyltransferase effectorJames C. H. Mao and Ellen E. RobishawCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 25, 4864–4872Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00775a035https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00775a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evolution of optical access network technologies (2010)

Photonic technologies have found widespread applications in high-speed longhaul and metro transmission networks for decades. Introducing similarly advanced optical technologies into access networks must respect the strict requirements for simple deployment and operations as well as ease of system migration and network maintenance. The large number of optical ports and fiber links to be provided and operated at lowest cost make access networks special as compared to their longhaul and metro networks counterparts. The paper provides a view on the status and on potential future evolution paths of optical access network technologies.
Neointimal Tissue Response at Sites of Coronary Stenting in Humans (1998)

These observations strongly support the concept that neointimal proliferation in humans is a process of staged redifferentiation of SMCs, which may cause in-stent stenosis. Moreover, the exuberant neointimal proliferation with accumulation of macrophages and extensive neovascularization at sites of stent restenosis suggests a role for organization of mural thrombus.
Calibration for the (Computationally-Identifiable) Masses (2017)

As algorithms increasingly inform and influence decisions made about individuals, it becomes increasingly important to address concerns that these algorithms might be discriminatory. The output of an algorithm can be discriminatory for many reasons, most notably: (1) the data used to train the algorithm might be biased (in various ways) to favor certain populations over others; (2) the analysis of this training data might inadvertently or maliciously introduce biases that are not borne out in the data. This work focuses on the latter concern. We develop and study multicalbration -- a new measure of algorithmic fairness that aims to mitigate concerns about discrimination that is introduced in the process of learning a predictor from data. Multicalibration guarantees accurate (calibrated) predictions for every subpopulation that can be identified within a specified class of computations. We think of the class as being quite rich; in particular, it can contain many overlapping subgroups of a protected group. We show that in many settings this strong notion of protection from discrimination is both attainable and aligned with the goal of obtaining accurate predictions. Along the way, we present new algorithms for learning a multicalibrated predictor, study the computational complexity of this task, and draw new connections to computational learning models such as agnostic learning.
THE SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF CERTAIN FLUORINE-CONTAINING ALKANES, CYCLOALKENES AND KETONES (1955)

Abstract not available
Focused Ion Beam Microfabrication (1988)

The features of the ion-solid interaction most often used in microfabrication are implantation, sputtering (ion milling), and induced chemical reaction. The novelty of focused ion beam fabrication is that most of these processes can now be carried out with better than 0.1 μm resolution without the use of mask or resist. For implantation the species available include the dopants of Si and GaAs (such as B, As, Be, and Si). Energies up to 300 keV are achieved if doubly ionized species are used. The focused ion beam systems can deliver a desired dose with 0.1 μm accuracy aligned to existing features on the wafer. So far, a number of applications of this unique maskless resistless patterning capability have been reported, including: threshold adjust of transistors, transistors fabricated with graded doping profiles and tunable Gunn diodes. In addition, focused ion beams promise to be competitive with e-beams for pattern writing in resist.