gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5‐hydroxymethylfurfural conversion by fungal aryl‐alcohol oxidase and unspecific peroxygenase (2014)

Oxidative conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is of biotechnological interest for the production of renewable (lignocellulose-based) platform chemicals, such as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). To the best of our knowledge, the ability of fungal aryl-alcohol oxidase (AAO) to oxidize HMF is reported here for the first time, resulting in almost complete conversion into 2,5-formylfurancarboxylic acid (FFCA) in a few hours. The reaction starts with alcohol oxidation, yielding 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), which is rapidly converted into FFCA by carbonyl oxidation, most probably without leaving the enzyme active site. This agrees with the similar catalytic efficiencies of the enzyme with respect to oxidization of HMF and DFF, and its very low activity on 2,5-hydroxymethylfurancarboxylic acid (which was not detected by GC-MS). However, AAO was found to be unable to directly oxidize the carbonyl group in FFCA, and only modest amounts of FDCA are formed from HMF (most probably by chemical oxidation of FFCA by the H2 O2 previously generated by AAO). As aldehyde oxidation by AAO proceeds via the corresponding geminal diols (aldehyde hydrates), the various carbonyl oxidation rates may be related to the low degree of hydration of FFCA compared with DFF. The conversion of HMF was completed by introducing a fungal unspecific heme peroxygenase that uses the H2 O2 generated by AAO to transform FFCA into FDCA, albeit more slowly than the previous AAO reactions. By adding this peroxygenase when FFCA production by AAO has been completed, transformation of HMF into FDCA may be achieved in a reaction cascade in which O2 is the only co-substrate required, and water is the only by-product formed.
Rise-Time of FRET-Acceptor Fluorescence Tracks Protein Folding (2014)

Uniform labeling of proteins with fluorescent donor and acceptor dyes with an equimolar ratio is paramount for accurate determination of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiencies. In practice, however, the labeled protein population contains donor-labeled molecules that have no corresponding acceptor. These FRET-inactive donors contaminate the donor fluorescence signal, which leads to underestimation of FRET efficiencies in conventional fluorescence intensity and lifetime-based FRET experiments. Such contamination is avoided if FRET efficiencies are extracted from the rise time of acceptor fluorescence upon donor excitation. The reciprocal value of the rise time of acceptor fluorescence is equal to the decay rate of the FRET-active donor fluorescence. Here, we have determined rise times of sensitized acceptor fluorescence to study the folding of double-labeled apoflavodoxin molecules and show that this approach tracks the characteristics of apoflavodoxin's complex folding pathway.
Interactive presentation towards interactive and collaborative learning (2014)

Lecture presentation represents the common approach in student's education process. However, majority of presenters do not adjust their presentation during the lecture in order to react correspondingly to the students' initiative. In this paper the novel presentation system — Tablet Presenter is introduced that is dedicated to multi-touch screen Tablet computers. It provides a lot of useful functions, supporting not only the more vivid presentations, but also multiuser presentations, better interactivity with students and collaboration possibilities. We propose technical requirements for interactive multiuser presentation tool and communication protocol suitable for specified requirements.
Large Quasistatic Magnetic Fields Generated by a Relativistically Intense Laser Pulse Propagating in a Preionized Plasma (1998)

Two spatially separated toroidal magnetic fields in the megagauss range have been detected with Faraday rotation during and after propagation of a relativistically intense laser pulse through preionized plasmas. Besides a field in the outer region of the plasma oriented as a conventional thermoelectric field, a field with the opposite orientation closely surrounding the propagation axis is observed, in conditions under which relativistic channeling occurs. A 3D particle-in-cell code was used to simulate the interaction under the conditions of the experiment.
CHEMFLO Modeling of Aquifer Bioremediation in Vadose Zone (1996)

This paper deals with bioremediation in the vadose zone with an emphasis on using numerical models as a tool to ensure that the concentration of nutrients is maintained at a required level. That is needed so that the existing in-situ microbes can grow and consume existing contaminants in the soil.
Infrared hyperspectral imaging polarimeter using birefringent prisms (2011)

A compact short-wavelength and middle-wavelength infrared hyperspectral imaging polarimeter (IHIP) is introduced. The sensor includes a pair of sapphire Wollaston prisms and several high-order retarders to form an imaging Fourier transform spectropolarimeter. The Wollaston prisms serve as a birefringent interferometer with reduced sensitivity to vibration versus an unequal path interferometer, such as a Michelson. Polarimetric data are acquired through the use of channeled spectropolarimetry to modulate the spectrum with the Stokes parameter information. The collected interferogram is Fourier filtered and reconstructed to recover the spatially and spectrally varying Stokes vector data across the image. The IHIP operates over a ±5° field of view and implements a dual-scan false signature reduction technique to suppress polarimetric aliasing artifacts. In this paper, the optical layout and operation of the IHIP sensor are presented in addition to the radiometric, spectral, and polarimetric calibration techniques used with the system. Spectral and spectropolarimetric results from the laboratory and outdoor tests with the instrument are also presented.
Wavelength reservation under distributed control (2002)

Summary form only given. In this study, we design and evaluate efficient wavelength reservation policies that specifically address the signaling overhead in distributed control. Our discussions will focus on the application of these policies to two representative approaches called path multiplexing and link multiplexing applicable to either TDM or WDM networks.
Therapeutic Antitumor Efficacy of B Cells Loaded With Tumor-derived Autophagasomes Vaccine (DRibbles) (2014)

Tumor-derived autophagosomes (DRibble) selectively capture tumor-specific antigens and induce a dramatic T-cell activation and expansion when injected into lymph nodes of naive mice. Both dendritic and B cells can efficiently cross-prime antigen-specific T cells. In this report, we demonstrated that a booster vaccination with naive B cells loaded with DRibbles eradicated E.G7-OVA tumors in mice that were previously treated with adoptive transfer naive OT-I T cells and intranodal immunization with DRibbles derived from E.G7 tumors. The antitumor efficacy was accompanied by a heighten number of tumor-specific interferon-γ-producing T cells and antibodies. However, the same treatment in the absence of adoptive T-cell transfer exhibited a limited efficacy. In contrast, when DRibble-loaded B cells were activated with CpG and anti-CD40 antibody before use as booster vaccines, established E.G7 tumors were completely eradicated in the absence of T-cell transfer. Therefore, our results document that B cells could efficiently cross-present tumor-specific antigens captured by DRibbles and suggest that naive B cells can be deployed as an effective and readily accessible source of antigen-presenting cells for cancer immunotherapy clinical trials.
Toward the Theoretical Capacitance of RuO<sub>2</sub> Reinforced by Highly Conductive Nanoporous Gold (2013)

The experimental specific capacitance of ruthenium oxide (RuO2) is usually much smaller than the theoretical value due to low electron–proton transport and high rate dependence. Highly conductive nanoporous gold (NPG) can dramatically improve the capacitive performance of RuO2 when RuO2 is electroplated into NPG. The RuO2@NPG electrodes provide fast ionic conduction and excellent electron–proton transport for low rate dependence and high charge storage of around 1500 F g−1, close to the theoretical value of RuO2.
Low-Cost Larval Rearing Medium for Mass Production of Oriental and Mediterranean Fruit Flies12 (1969)

Journal Article Low-Cost Larval Rearing Medium for Mass Production of Oriental and Mediterranean Fruit Flies Get access N. Tanaka, N. Tanaka Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. F. Steiner, L. F. Steiner 3 Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 3Present address: 13601 Cutler Road, Miami, Fla. 33158. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Ohinata, K. Ohinata Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Okamoto R. Okamoto Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 62, Issue 4, 1 August 1969, Pages 967–968, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/62.4.967 Published: 01 August 1969 Article history Accepted: 02 April 1969 Published: 01 August 1969
Patient-nurse synergy: optimizing patients' outcomes (1998)

Given the current demands of the healthcare environment, a clear sense of the unique contributions of nursing to patients' outcomes is critical. This paper articulates a model that describes nursing practice on the basis of the needs and characteristics of patients. The model was developed by the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Certification Corporation to link certified practice to patients' outcomes. The fundamental premise of this model, known as the Synergy Model, is that patients' characteristics drive nurses' competencies. When patients' characteristics and nurses' competencies match and synergize, outcomes for the patient are optimal. This paper presents the major tenets of the Synergy Model: patients' characteristics of concern to nurses, nurses' competencies important to patients, and patients' outcomes that result when patients' characteristics and nurses' competencies are mutually enhancing. By creating safe passage for patients, nurses make a significant contribution to the quality of patients' care, containment of costs, and patients' outcomes. Although the Synergy Model will be used as a blueprint for the certification of acute and critical care nurses, it is conceptually relevant to the entire profession. Dissemination of this model may help situate nursing within the current healthcare environment and facilitate intradisciplinary dialogue.
The formulation stiffness of forward dynamics algorithms and implications for robot simulation (2002)

The authors identify an important phenomenon they call "formulation stiffness" in the numerical simulation of tree-structured multibody systems such as robot manipulators. The numerical simulation problem is usually treated as two separate problems: (i) the forward dynamics problem for computing system accelerations, and (ii) the numerical integration problem far advancing the state in time. The authors show that the interaction of these two problems leads to new conclusions about the overall efficiency of multibody simulation algorithms; in particular the fastest forward dynamics methods are not necessarily best when considered in conjunction with the popular adaptive stepsize integration methods. Specifically, the authors show that the articulated-body method is better suited to deal with certain types of numerical problems than the composite rigid body method. The authors present examples of simulations and discuss the practical implications of these results.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of 4‐Deoxy‐4‐fluoro‐D‐galactopyranosyl Derivatives. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Astrocyte remodeling without gliosis precedes optic nerve axonopathy (2018)

Astroyctes serve myriad functions but are especially critical in white matter tracts, where energy-demanding axons propagate action potentials great distances between neurons. Axonal dependence on astrocytes for even normal function accentuates the critical role astrocytes serve during disease. In glaucoma, the most common optic neuropathy, sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP) challenges RGC axons early, including degradation of anterograde transport to the superior colliculus (SC). Astrocyte remodeling presages overt axon degeneration in glaucoma and thus may present a therapeutic opportunity. Here we developed a novel metric to quantify organization of astrocyte processes in the optic nerve relative to axon degeneration in the DBA/2 J hereditary mouse model of glaucoma. In early progression, as axons expand prior to loss, astrocyte processes become more parallel with migration to the nerve's edge without a change in overall coverage of the nerve. As axons degenerate, astrocyte parallelism diminishes with increased glial coverage and reinvasion of the nerve. In longitudinal sections through aged DBA/2 J nerve, increased astrocyte parallelism reflected elevated levels of the astrocyte gap-junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43). In the distal nerve, increased Cx43 also indicated with a higher level of intact anterograde transport from retina to SC. Our results suggest that progression of axonopathy in the optic nerve involves astrocyte remodeling in two phases. In an early phase, astrocyte processes organize in parallel, likely through gap-junction coupling, while a later phase involves deterioration of organization as glial coverage increases and axons are lost.
Role of the LiPF<sub>6</sub> Salt for the Long-Term Stability of Silicon Electrodes in Li-Ion Batteries – A Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study (2013)

cited By 83
A new low temperature III–V multilayer growth technique: Vacuum metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1981)

A new technique for multilayer growth by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is described. The vacuum metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique combines the low-temperature growth capability of molecular beam epitaxy with the source handling system of chemical vapor deposition. The viability of the new technique is demonstrated by the growth of high-mobility layers of GaAs, GaAs(1−x)P(x), and Ga(1−x)In(x)As at 570 °C. Room-temperature mobilities of GaAs films as high as 4990 cm2/V s are obtained. Doping of both p-type and n-type films is demonstrated. GaAs shallow homojunction solar cells fabricated with this technique are described. Active-area solar cell efficiencies as high as 19.6% are obtained with 6 ’’suns’’ AM2 concentrated light. This multilayer growth technique is particularly suited to the fabrication of multicolor solar cells.
Sweet potato: an untapped food resource (1992)

Acknowledgements Abbreviations for organizations Introduction 1. Sweet potato - past and present 2. Chemical composition 3. The nutritional value of sweet potato roots and leaves 4. Toxic and anti-nutritional factors 5. Post-harvest procedures: I. Storage and cooking 6. Post-harvest procedures: II. Processing 7. Livestock feeding with sweet potato roots and vines 8. Consumption and utilization patterns and trends Appendix: a selection of sweet potato dishes from around the world Index.
Enhanced Supercurrents in Josephson Junctions Containing Nonparallel Ferromagnetic Domains (2010)

$\ensuremath{\pi}$ coupling may arise when a ferromagnet forms a link between two superconductors of an artificial Josephson junction. Using a trilayer $\mathrm{Fe}/\mathrm{Cr}/\mathrm{Fe}$ barrier in which the Cr thickness determines the alignment of the Fe layers, we show that the critical currents are substantially enhanced in the antiparallel configuration. The result agrees with existing superconductor-ferromagnet proximity theory according to which the phase-controlling effects of ferromagnets on Cooper pairs can be minimized by arranging their moments in a nonparallel way [Bergeret et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3140 (2001); Blanter et al., Phys. Rev. B 69, 024525 (2004)].
Decreased Hypothalamic Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Expression in Type 2 Diabetes Patients (2015)

Our studies show that GLP-1R is widely expressed throughout the human hypothalamus. The decreased expression of GLP-1R in the PVN and IFN of T2DM patients may be related to the dysregulation of feeding behavior and glucose homeostasis in T2DM.
Efficient 1.3 μm-band amplification in a Nd <sup>3+</sup> -doped single-mode fluoride fibre (1990)

A maximum gain of 5.5 dB was observed in a Nd3+-doped fluoride fibre around the 1.3 μm wavelength for a practical signal input level of −10 dBm. The pump power used was only 50 mW in a 820 nm wavelength, and a pumping efficiency of 0.13 dB/mW was attained.
VideoSet: A large-scale compressed video quality dataset based on JND measurement (2017)

• A large-scale JND-based coded video quality dataset is presented. • The VideoSet contains 220 5-s sequences in four resolutions coded by H.264/AVC. • The subjective test procedure, JND data cleaning and properties are described. • The significance and implications of the VideoSet are discussed. • This work points out a clear path to data-driven perceptual coding. A new methodology to measure coded image/video quality using the just-noticeable-difference (JND) idea was proposed in Lin et al. (2015). Several small JND-based image/video quality datasets were released by the Media Communications Lab at the University of Southern California in Jin et al. (2016) and Wang et al. (2016) [3]. In this work, we present an effort to build a large-scale JND-based coded video quality dataset. The dataset consists of 220 5-s sequences in four resolutions (i.e., 1920 × 1080 , 1280 × 720 , 960 × 540 and 640 × 360 ). For each of the 880 video clips, we encode it using the H.264/AVC codec with QP = 1 , … , 51 and measure the first three JND points with 30 + subjects. The dataset is called the “VideoSet”, which is an acronym for “Video Subject Evaluation Test (SET)”. This work describes the subjective test procedure, detection and removal of outlying measured data, and the properties of collected JND data. Finally, the significance and implications of the VideoSet to future video coding research and standardization efforts are pointed out. All source/coded video clips as well as measured JND data included in the VideoSet are available to the public in the IEEE DataPort (Wang et al., 2016 [4]).
Erythrocyte membrane-bound daunorubicin as a delivery system in anticancer treatment. (1989)

Drug encapsulation in erythrocytes has been proposed to extend its biological lifetime. Molecules encapsulated this way are protected against rapid cellular metabolism and body elimination. Unfortunately, drugs such as daunorubicin cannot be efficiently entrapped in erythrocytes since drugs diffuse rapidly from the cells. In order to overcome this problem, we have covalently linked daunorubicin to erythrocyte membranes (ghosts) using two different types of linking arms: glutaraldehyde and cis-aconitic acid. Both ghost-daunorubicin conjugates were tested in vitro on mouse leukemia cells (P388D1) and on human osteosarcoma cells (CRL-1427). Results showed a better cytotoxic activity for ghost-glutaraldehyde-daunorubicin conjugate than for ghost-cis-aconityl-daunorubicin conjugate. Both conjugates were also tested in vivo on CDF1 mice bearing P388D1 cells. T/C% of 161 and 103 respectively were observed with ghost-glutaraldehyde-daunorubicin and ghost-cis-aconityl-daunorubicin conjugate at 6.0 mg/kg. Compared to free drug, the increase in survival time could be explained by a slow release of daunomycin in the circulation from the erythrocyte membranes, leading to a more complete absorption by cancer cells.
Effect of contact pressure applied on tool surface during cold forging on fatigue life of tool steel (2018)

The effect of contact pressure applied on tool surface during cold forging on fatigue life was investigated. Three different contact pressures were applied on heat treated SKH51 specimen surfaces by a forging setup using a universal testing machine. This was followed by tensile test and axial fatigue test for forged and unforged specimens. Dimension, surface hardness and residual stress of the specimen showed a positive relationship with contact pressure while surface roughness did not show a significant difference. The tensile strength and fatigue life showed an increase at lower and medium contact pressures while in high contact pressure both parameters showed a decrease.
Integration of aviation lighting system and computer controlled monitoring system (2002)

Two widely used constant current regulators (CCRs) in aviation industry, the resonant network type and saturable reactor type, are discussed in this paper. Their principles of operation are explained along with the US standard airport series lighting circuit. The comparative characteristics of the CCRs are also presented in this paper. These two types of CCRs retain the sinusoidal output current waveform even under various harmonic rich load conditions. This supplies the compatible and reliable lighting system power in the airfields. The computer monitoring and controlled system is utilized to improve the air traffic control operation while improving safety. The design topology and system requirements are discussed in this paper. Worldwide trends in aviation industry indicate that the lighting systems in airfields can be precisely monitored and controlled to increase airport capacity and operating efficiency in all weather conditions. The benefits of the computer monitoring and controlled system are presented.
Neural techniques for combinatorial optimization with applications (1998)

After more than a decade of research, there now exist several neural-network techniques for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. Hopfield networks and self-organizing maps are the two main categories into which most of the approaches can be divided. Criticism of these approaches includes the tendency of the Hopfield network to produce infeasible solutions, and the lack of generalizability of the self-organizing approaches (being only applicable to Euclidean problems). This paper proposes two new techniques which have overcome these pitfalls: a Hopfield network which enables feasibility of the solutions to be ensured and improved solution quality through escape from local minima, and a self-organizing neural network which generalizes to solve a broad class of combinatorial optimization problems. Two sample practical optimization problems from Australian industry are then used to test the performances of the neural techniques against more traditional heuristic solutions.