gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of Hydantoin Products of 8-Oxoguanine Oxidation by the <i>Escherichia coli</i> DNA Repair Enzyme, FPG (2000)

An intriguing feature of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (OG) is that it is highly reactive toward further oxidation. Indeed, OG has been shown to be a "hot spot" for oxidative damage and susceptible to oxidation by a variety of cellular oxidants. Recent work has identified two new DNA lesions, guanidinohydantoin (Gh) and spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp), resulting from one-electron oxidation of OG. The presence of Gh and Sp lesions in DNA templates has been shown to result in misinsertion of G and A by DNA polymerases, and therefore, both are potentially mutagenic DNA lesions. The base excision repair (BER) glycosylases Fpg and MutY serve to prevent mutations associated with OG in Escherichia coli, and therefore, we have investigated the ability of these two enzymes to process DNA duplex substrates containing the further oxidized OG lesions, Gh and Sp. The Fpg protein, which removes OG and a variety of other oxidized purine base lesions, was found to remove Gh and Sp efficiently opposite all four of the natural DNA bases. The intrinsic rate of damaged base excision by Fpg was measured under single-turnover conditions and was found to be highly dependent upon the identity of the base opposite the OG, Gh, or Sp lesion; as expected, OG is removed more readily from an OG:C- than an OG:A-containing substrate. However, when adenine is paired with Gh or Sp, the rate of removal of these damaged lesions by Fpg was significantly increased relative to the rate of removal of OG from an OG:A mismatch. The adenine glycosylase MutY, which removes misincorporated A residues from OG:A mismatches, is unable to remove A paired with Gh or Sp. Thus, the activity of Fpg on Gh and Sp lesions may dramatically influence their mutagenic potential. This work suggests that, in addition to OG, oxidative products resulting from further oxidation of OG should be considered when evaluating oxidative DNA damage and its associated effects on DNA mutagenesis.
Relationship between myocardial perfusion and dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy: a study of quantitative contrast echocardiography and strain rate imaging (2006)

Quantitative MCE shows that patients with diabetes but no evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease have impaired MBF reserve, but abnormal transmural flow and subclinical longitudinal myocardial dysfunction are not related.
Towards an information infrastructure for the grid (2004)

In this paper we present our vision of an information infrastructure for grid computing, which is based on a service-oriented architecture. The infrastructure supports a virtualized view of the computing and data resources, is autonomic (driven by policies) in order to meet application goals for quality of service, and is compatible with the standards being developed in the technical community. We describe how we are implementing this vision in IBM today and how we expect the implementation to evolve in the future.
Quantification of carnitine esters by high-performance liquid chromatography. Effect of feeding medium-chain triglycerides on the plasma carnitine ester profile. (1992)

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique was developed using commercially available derivatization reagents and commonly used reversed-phase HPLC column chemistry to analyze plasma samples for their carnitine ester content. The method proved to be sufficiently sensitive to determine changes in the carnitine ester profile in plasma resulting from metabolic disorders or metabolic insults. The method was tested using plasma samples obtained from pigs fed medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) of different chain lengths (four to seven carbons). The MCT feeding was associated with transient increases in plasma carnitine and carnitine esters, and feeding odd-chain MCT (tri-C5 or tri-C7) led to elevated levels of propionylcarnitine in plasma.
An approach to casing program design with formation pressure uncertainties (2009)

For the wells whose pressure information has a certain extent uncertainties,the distribution of parameters in pressure prediction models was determined by using probability analysis theory and different kinds of formation pressure profiles with credibility were established through theoretical calculation or Monte Carlo simulation.Casing program design methods with credibility of top to bottom and bottom to top were presented based on the safe density window of drilling fluid with credibility obtained by the pressure constraint criterion.The methods can give continuous casing points range without any test calculation process for shut-in kicking and differential pressure sticking included in the traditional design method.The practical results of a case well are in the designed range,the prediction results are satisfied.
Cognitive development: an information processing approach (1991)

What is cognitive development? perceptual development in infancy the origins of representations concepts and words memory development reasoning about quantity and number the development of grammar basic reading skills the process of cognitive development.
Motion Correlation (2017)

Selection is a canonical task in user interfaces, commonly supported by presenting objects for acquisition by pointing. In this article, we consider motion correlation as an alternative for selection. The principle is to represent available objects by motion in the interface, have users identify a target by mimicking its specific motion, and use the correlation between the system’s output with the user’s input to determine the selection. The resulting interaction has compelling properties, as users are guided by motion feedback, and only need to copy a presented motion. Motion correlation has been explored in earlier work but only recently begun to feature in holistic interface designs. We provide a first comprehensive review of the principle, and present an analysis of five previously published works, in which motion correlation underpinned the design of novel gaze and gesture interfaces for diverse application contexts. We derive guidelines for motion correlation algorithms, motion feedback, choice of modalities, overall design of motion correlation interfaces, and identify opportunities and challenges identified for future research and design.
<i>Hsa‐let‐7g</i> inhibits proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by downregulation of <i>c‐Myc</i> and upregulation of <i>p16<sup>INK4A</sup></i> (2010)

zMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed small noncoding RNAs that regulate approximately one-third of human genes at post-transcription level. Previous studies have shown that miRNAs were implicated in many cellular processes and participated in the progress of various tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among all miRNAs, the let-7 family is well recognized to play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis by functioning as potential growth suppressor. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of let-7 family, particularly the hsa-let-7g, in the molecular pathogenesis of HCC. By use of MTT, qPCR, Western blotting and 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), over-expression of hsa-let-7g was found to inhibit the proliferation of HCC cell line via negative and positive regulations of c-Myc and p16(INK4A) , respectively. The expression of hsa-let-7g was noted to be markedly lowered in the HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7 cells, yet higher in the Bel-7404 HCC cell line. Proliferation of HCC cell line was significantly inhibited after the transfection of hsa-let-7g mimics, while hsa-let-7g inhibitor transfection exerted an opposite effect. Concurrently, the mRNA and protein levels of c-Myc were found significantly decreased in HepG2 cells after transfection of hsa-let-7g mimics, but obviously increased in Bel-7404 cells after transfection of hsa-let-7g inhibitor. As revealed by 2-DE, a significant upregulation of p16(INK4A) was revealed after the gain-of-function study using hsa-let-7g. Therefore, we suggest that hsa-let-7g may act as a tumor suppressor gene that inhibits HCC cell proliferation by downregulating the oncogene, c-Myc, and upregulating the tumor suppressor gene, p16(INK4A) .
Impact of Low-Level-Viremia on HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Evolution among Antiretroviral Treated-Patients (2012)

Persistent LLV episodes below 500 c/ml while receiving ART is associated with emerging DRAM for all drug classes and a decreasing in further therapeutic options, suggesting to earlier consider resistance monitoring and ART optimization in this setting.
Evaluation of a new air displacement plethysmograph for measuring human body composition (1995)

A new air displacement plethysmograph, the BOD POD (BP), was evaluated in comparison to hydrostatic weighing (HW). Sixty-eight adult subjects (26 F, 42 M) varying widely in age (range 20-56 yr), ethnicity, and fatness participated in this study. Same-day test-retest reliability was assessed in a subsample of 16 subjects (9 F, 7 M) and validity was assessed in all subjects (N = 68). The test-retest coefficients of variation (CV) for %FAT measured by BP (%FATBP) and HW (%FATHW) were not significantly different (1.7% +/- 1.1% and 2.3% +/- 1.9% for BP and HW, respectively (mean +/- SD)), indicating excellent reliability for both methods. Validity of percent fat measured by the BP (%FATBP) was also excellent. The mean difference in %FAT (BP - HW) was -0.3 +/- 0.2 (SEM), with a 95% confidence interval of -0.6 to 0 %FAT. The regression equation (%FATHW = 1.86 + 0.94 %FATBP; r2 = 0.93, SEE = 1.81) was not significantly different from the line of identity (%FATHW = %FATBP), and did not differ by gender. These findings indicate that the BOD POD is a highly reliable and valid method for determining %FAT in adult humans in comparison to HW. This new method has several advantages over HW in that it is quick, relatively simple to operate and may be able to accommodate special populations such as the obese, elderly, and disabled.
The self-referencing oxygen-selective microelectrode: detection of transmembrane oxygen flux from single cells (1999)

A self-referencing, polarographic, oxygen-selective microelectrode was developed for measuring oxygen fluxes from single cells. This technique is based on the translational movement of the microelectrode at a known frequency through an oxygen gradient, between known points. The differential current of the electrode was converted into a directional measurement of flux using the Fick equation. Operational characteristics of the technique were determined using artificial gradients. Calculated oxygen flux values matched theoretical values derived from static measurements. A test preparation, an isolated neuron, yielded an oxygen flux of 11.46+/-1.43 pmol cm-2 s-1 (mean +/- s.e.m.), a value in agreement with those available in the literature for single cells. Microinjection of metabolic substrates or a metabolic uncoupler increased oxygen flux, whereas microinjection of KCN decreased oxygen flux. In the filamentous alga Spirogyra greveilina, the probe could easily differentiate a 16.6% difference in oxygen flux with respect to the position of the spiral chloroplast (13.3+/-0.4 pmol cm-2 s-1 at the chloroplast and 11.4+/-0.4 pmol cm-2 s-1 between chloroplasts), despite the fact that these positions averaged only 10.6+/-1.8 microm apart (means +/- s.e.m.). A light response experiment showed real-time changes in measured oxygen flux correlated with changes in lighting. Taken together, these results show that the self-referencing oxygen microelectrode technique can be used to detect local oxygen fluxes with a high level of sensitivity and spatial resolution in real time. The oxygen fluxes detected reliably correlated with the metabolic state of the cell.
Surface-profile dependence of photon-plasmon-polariton coupling at a corrugated silver surface (1994)

The influence of the surface-profile Fourier decomposition on photon–surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) coupling at a corrugated silver surface, as probed by changes in diffraction-order intensities, line shapes, and peak positions, is explored. The effect of higher spatial harmonics on diffraction orders is considered for coupling to the SPP in the vicinity of a grating-induced minigap as well as away from the minigap region. Numerical results are obtained with the reduced Rayleigh equations, which are accurate in the range of corrugation strengths that optimize photon–SPP coupling for silver. Under first-order-coupling conditions away from the minigap region the presence of a particular spatial harmonic in the surface profile enhances a specific diffraction order in an easily predictable way. The selectivity, sensitivity, and associated line-shape changes for enhancement are examined as a function of harmonic amplitude for several higher harmonics. In connection with recent experiments [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. B8, 1348 ( 1991)] we investigate the influence of the second and the third spatial harmonics on the propagating orders in the vicinity of the (+ 1, −2) minigap region of an 870-nm grating at 633 nm. The interaction between first- and second-order couplings to the opposite branches of the SPP dispersion relation is tuned by variation of the corrugation depth. It is found that changes in the profile Fourier decomposition with corrugation depth, which arise in the holographic fabrication of diffraction gratings, can explain the observed momentum gap in the −1 diffraction order in this case.
A bio-amplifier with pulse output (2005)

A low-power fully integrated bioamplifier is presented that can amplify signals in the range from mHz to kHz while rejecting large DC offsets generated at the electrode-tissue interface. The novel aspect of this amplifier is that its analog output is represented by a series of pulses which provide a low-power, noise-resistant means for coding and transmission. The original analog signal can be reconstructed from the resulting pulse train with 13 bit precision at a remote site where power consumption is not so crucial. The fabricated analog amplifier exhibits a gain of 39.5 dB from 0.3 Hz to 5.4 kHz. The power consumption of the whole system is less than 300 microW/channel from a 5-V supply. The fully integrated system was designed in the AMI 0.6 microm CMOS process and it consumes 0.088 mm(2) channel of chip area.
Cellular engineering for therapeutic protein production: product quality, host modification, and process improvement (2016)

Recombinant proteins offer many therapeutic advantages unavailable in traditional small molecule drugs, but the need for cellular versus chemical synthesis complicates production. Avenues for producing therapeutic biologics are continuously expanding, and developments in biochemistry, cell biology, and bioengineering fuel new discoveries that promise safer, more efficient, and cheaper drugs for consumers. Numerous approaches to express recombinant proteins exist, but Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and mammalian systems (e.g. Chinese hamster ovary cells, CHO) are the most widely utilized. Improvements to production in these hosts have focused on novel expression cassettes, cell line modifications, engineering secretion pathways, and media design. Here, we describe recent developments for improving protein production in E. coli, S. cerevisiae, and CHO systems and compare recent advancements to previous knowledge in the field. With the expanding importance and prevalence of protein therapeutics, these improvements will serve as the framework for future discoveries.
Blazor Server vs. Blazor WebAssembly (2020)

As I always say, there is not one tool that does everything but instead different tools for different requirements. A good programmer chooses his tools solely according to the requirements. You have to remember that requirements can be functional and nonfunctional, and often nonfunctional requirements are more important than functional ones for the success of an application.
A genetically engineered cell line that produces empty capsids of B19 (human) parvovirus. (1989)

B19 parvovirus is pathogenic in humans, causing the common childhood exanthem fifth disease and bone-marrow failure, both acute (transient aplastic crisis of hemolysis) and chronic (pure erythrocyte aplasia in immunodeficiency). The virus is tropic for a human red cell progenitor cell, and failure to culture B19 in a cell line has limited its clinical study. We cotransfected the right half of the cloned B19 genome and a minigene derived from the human dihydrofolate reductase gene (DHFR) into dhfr--Chinese hamster ovary cells and screened selected clones by RNA analysis; after amplification in methotrexate, clones were tested for capsid protein expression. A cell line, designated 3-11-5, stably expressed nearly full-length transcripts for the two capsid proteins. These cells produced the major and minor structural protein species in natural proportions that self-assembled into virion capsids. Capsids from 3-11-5 cells could be separated from virions by sucrose gradient sedimentation and had the density on cesium chloride isopycnic sedimentation of empty parvovirus capsids. Capsid protein was present in both nuclei and cytoplasm on immunofluorescence study but fractionated with the cytosol on purification. Empty capsid production was equal to or greater than virion production by infected bone-marrow cells, 1000-2000 capsids per cell, but cell growth was not diminished by capsid production. This cell line will be useful in developing practical assays for B19 parvovirus antibody and a vaccine for the virus, as well as potentially serving as a packaging cell line for gene therapy.
An application of trellis coded modulation to digital microwave radio and its performance (2002)

The authors describe a modified symbol-rate-increased TCM (trellis coded modulation) for digital microwave radio systems. The symbol-rate-increased TCM accomplishes coding redundancy through bandwidth expansion instead of through signal point expansion, in order to obtain a greater coding gain than the Ungerboeck-type TCM. However, this scheme requires the bandwidth to be expanded by a fixed factor m/(m-1) for a 2/sup m/QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) system. The proposed scheme allows the bandwidth expansion ratio to be varied to an arbitrary value smaller than m/(m-1). Simulation results have clarified that the proposed scheme achieves a significant improvement over an uncoded scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An 8-element 400 GHz phased-array in 45 nm CMOS SOI (2015)

This paper presents an RF-beamforming phased-array with operation at 375-405 GHz. The phased-array is built using 45 nm CMOS SOI and is based on quadruplers at each antenna element which convert the RF signal from 95-105 GHz to 360-420 GHz. The antennas are high efficiency microstrip design with > 44% radiation efficiency (including the CMOS metal fill) due to the use of a 100 μm-thick quartz superstrate layer. The 8-element linear array scans over +/- 35° of angular space, and results in a peak EIRP of 5 dBm and a 3-dB bandwidth of 375- 405 GHz (EIRP > 2 dBm). To our knowledge, this is the first phased-array with scanned patterns at > 300 GHz using CMOS.
Discordance Between K-<i>ras</i> Mutations in Bone Marrow Micrometastases and the Primary Tumor in Colorectal Cancer (2001)

Our results demonstrate that, at least for K-ras mutations, disseminated epithelial cells are not always clonal with the primary tumor and they question the malignant genotype of bone marrow micrometastases. They also indicate that different tumoral clones may be circulating simultaneously or sequentially in the same patient. Analysis of the type of mutations suggests that cell dissemination might be an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis.
<title>Application of modern quality improvement techniques to rapid thermal processing</title> (1992)

Modem statistical modeling techniques are applied to the characterization and optimization of Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition. The problems of deposition during process ramps and thickness uniformity modeling wafer are addressed. A two-phase fractional factorial experimental design is used to generate models for the deposition rate, uniformity measures, and normalized time responses. A constrained algebraic optimization algorithm is used to find the optimum settings for the reactor for the deposition of 2000A of polysilicon. The methods that are developed to handle these problems are shown in an application to the deposition of polysilicon in a LeiskTM reactor.
Color Depth Modulation and Resolution in Phase‐Change Material Nanodisplays (2016)

The demonstration of non-volatile color-depth modulation in novel phase change nanodisplays allowing for continuous "grayscale" images with ultrahigh resolution and low dimensionality is described. These results hold promise for a new generation of bistable, ultrahigh-resolution, and flexible display technologies, while allowing for other potential applications in nanophotonics and optoelectronics.
In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of the Antiprotozoal Drug Miltefosine against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and Other Pathogenic Streptococci (2007)

Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine), the first oral drug against visceral leishmaniasis, triggered pneumococcal autolysis at concentrations higher than 2.5 microM. Bactericidal activity was also observed in cultures of other streptococci, although these failed to undergo lysis. The autolysis elicited by miltefosine can be attributed to triggering of the pneumococcal autolysin LytA.
On the Sensitivity of Online Game Playing Time to Network QoS (2006)

Online gaming is one of the most profitable businesses on the Internet. Among various threats to continuous player subscriptions, network lags are particularly notorious. It is widely known that frequent and long lags frustrate game players, but whether the players actually take action and leave a game is unclear. Motivated to answer this question, we apply survival analysis to a 1, 356-million-packet trace from a sizeable MMORPG, called ShenZhou Online. We find that both network delay and network loss significantly affect a player’s willingness to continue a game. For ShenZhou Online, the degrees of player “intolerance” of minimum RTT, RTT jitter, client loss rate, and server loss rate are in the proportion of 1:2:11:6. This indicates that 1) while many network games provide “ping time,” i.e., the RTT, to players to facilitate server selection, it would be more useful to provide information about delay jitters; and 2) players are much less tolerant of network loss than delay. This is due to the game designer’s decision to transfer data in TCP, where packet loss not only results in additional packet delays due to in-order delivery and retransmission, but also a lower sending rate.
Liposomal Lipopolysaccharide Initiates TRIF-Dependent Signaling Pathway Independent of CD14 (2013)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is recognized by CD14 with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and initiates 2 major pathways of TLR4 signaling, the MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways. The MyD88-dependent pathway induces inflammatory responses such as the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 via the activation of NFκB and MAPK. The TRIF-dependent pathway induces the production of type-I IFN, and RANTES via the activation of IRF-3 and NFκB, and is also important for the induction of adaptive immune responses. CD14 plays a critical role in initiating the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway response to LPS, to support the internalization of LPS via endocytosis. Here, we clearly demonstrate that intracellular delivery of LPS by LPS-formulated liposomes (LPS-liposomes) initiate only TRIF-dependent signaling via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, independent of CD14. In fact, LPS-liposomes do not induce the production of TNF-α and IL-6 but induce RANTES production in peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, LPS-liposomes could induce adaptive immune responses effectively in CD14-deficient mice. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that LPS-liposomes are useful as a TRIF-dependent signaling-based immune adjuvant without inducing unnecessary inflammation.