gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiences beyond the threshold: Sydney's gay bathhouses (2009)

The gay bathhouse played a central role in the battle for gay liberation in Sydney during the latter part of the twentieth century. Utilising fifty in-depth interviews, as well as extensive archival research, this article provides an insight into how the evolving public domain of Sydney's gay bathhouses fostered the experiences of gay men and contributed to the development of a vibrant, validated homosexual culture within the city. The dynamic nature of these spaces allowed gay men an unprecedented opportunity to develop, experience and express, individual and collective sexual identities and practices. In exploring the emergence, growth and impact of Sydney's gay bathhouses, this article contributes to a burgeoning body of research exploring the role of the built environment in the development of sexual identity and sexual practices. This exploration of the interplay between built form, sexuality, civic governance, social identity and social action makes a contribution to sociology, queer studies, anthropology, architecture, geography and planning.
ROLE OF PHYTOHORMONES UNDER INDUCED DROUGHT STRESS IN WHEAT (2010)

The performance of plants (grown in pots) was studied for drought induced at critical stages of grain filling. Furthermore, the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and benzyladenine (BA), were also studied on the physiology of plants during grain filling. Seeds of two wheat varieties cv Margalla-99 (cv1) and cv Manthar-2003 (cv2) were sown in pots. Stress treatments were imposed immediately after anthesis. Drought stress resulted in maximum decrease in IAA and GA content but proline and ABA content of leaves showed maximum increase at hard dough stage in cv1. With decrease in soil moisture content under induced drought stress, the percentage decrease in IAA and GA and increase in proline and ABA was greater in leaves and spikes of potted plants. All parameters showed greater decrease in cv2 than in cv1. Application of both ABA and BA, each at 10 -6 M applied at anthesis stage, was involved in osmoregulation by the production of proline. The adverse effect of drought started at anthesis stage reaching maximum at hard dough stage. ABA was more effective at the later stages of grain filling whereas, BA was more effective at early stages.
Special problems in human movement simulation (1980)

Three dimensional animation of human movement may be obtained by specifying movements in a goal-directed manner and constructing a sophisticated simulator to execute those movements. We briefly describe an architecture for such a simulator and then concentrate on five special problems which arise: scheduling movements which occur concurrently, computing motion of three-link chains, processing contacts, moving the center of gravity and maintaining balance, and adjusting limb twist for a standard orientation.
Gas-source molecular beam epitaxial growth, characterization, and light-emitting diode application of In<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>P on GaP(100) (1993)

Highly lattice-mismatched InxGa1−xP (x≤0.38) layers were grown on GaP substrates by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. A relatively thin, compositionally linear-graded buffer layer was used to reduce the number of threading dislocations. Studies by double-crystal x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show this buffer layer to be 97% strain-relaxed along both 〈110〉 directions with dislocations well confined within the graded buffer and the substrate. Threading dislocation densities in the top layers were less than 1×107 cm−2. Room-temperature photoluminescence, ranging from 560 to 600 nm, is achieved. Heterojunction p-i-n diodes emitting at 560 nm at 300 K exhibit good rectifying and reverse breakdown characteristics.
Establishing a Core Outcome Measure for Graft Health (2018)

A practical and meaningful core outcome measure for graft loss may be defined as chronic dialysis or retransplant, and distinguished from loss due to death. Consistent reporting of graft loss using standardized metrics and time points may improve the contribution of trials to decision making in kidney transplantation.
Real-time force optimization in parallel kinematic chains under inequality constraints (2002)

The real-time control of cooperating manipulators, mechanical hands, and walking machines involves the optimization of an underdetermined force system subject to both equality and inequality constraints. The inequality constraints arise as a result of passive frictional contacts in systems that depend on these for force transmission, or when taking into account the limited torque or force capability of the actuators. Since the results of the force optimization are used to provide force or torque setpoints to the actuators, they must be obtained in real time. A technique is presented for solving a quadratic optimization problem with equality and inequality constraints for this application. The technique is compared with linear programming to show its superior performance in terms of speed and the quality of the solution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
한국에서의 난민의 현황과 난민인정절차의 개선방안 (2008)

난민법과 국제적인 난민보호의 진정한 존재이유는 인간의 생명과 존엄성을 보호하는데 있다. 외부의 침략이나 내전, 대규모 폭력사태, 기타 다른 형태의 대중질서 교란상태나 박해를 피해서 출신국을 떠날 수밖에 없는 사람의 안전과 신변을 보호한다는 궁극 목표를 가진 원칙, 규정 및 규범들의 집합체가 바로 난민법이기 때문이다. 한국은 1992년 12월 지위에 관한 협약 및 지위에 관한 협약의정서에 가입한 이래 출입국관리법에서 난민인정절차를 규율하고 있다. 2008년 11월말까지 난민신청자는 잘못된 계산식여명에 이르는데 비하여, 난민으로 인정받은 사람은 101명에 불과해 다른 선진국들에 비해 국제사회 일원으로서 책임을 다하고 있지 못하여 부끄럽게도 최근 유엔인권이사회(Human Rights Council)가 2008년 6월 12일 채택한 국가별 인권상황 정기검토 보고서에서 한국정부에 난민의 지위에 관한 협약과 지위에 관한 의정서를 이행하고, 국제난민법에 부합하도록 난민인정절차를 개선하라는 권고를 한 적이 있다. 우리나라의 난민관련 문제와 관련하여 난민인정절차가 제대로 정비되지 않은데다가 난민담당공무원도 너무 적은 상황에서 난민신청이 급증해 심사 중인 사건이 누적되고 심사기간이 장기화되면서 난민신청자의 불안한 지위가 장기화되고 있다. 국가인권위원회의 지원으로 2004년에 민주사회를 위한 변호사모임, 좋은 벗들, 피난처 등이 공동으로 수행한 실태조사보고서에 의하면 난민들이 비호국으로 한국을 선택한 이유로 브로커를 통하여 한국입국을 알선받았거나 한국의 입국비자를 얻기가 쉬웠다는 등 우연적 내지 소극적 선택이 51.4%로 가장 많았으며, 한국의 민주화와 인권발전 수준에 대한 기대, 한국에 대한 친밀감, 서울올림픽과 해외진출 한국기업을 통한 국가인지도 상승 등이 25.7%로 두 번째로 나타났었다. 따라서 한국이 난민인권선진국이 되려면 난민인정절차와 관련하여 난민담당직원의 증원 및 전문성확보, 난민인정협의회의 설치근거를 법률로 상향조정하여 전문성 및 독립성강화, 난민인정절차에 대한 접근성 확보, 적법절차의 보장, 면담 및 사실조사과정에서의 전문통역인의 적절한 조력, 실효성 있는 이의신청제도와 사법적 구제절차 보장, 모든 공항·항만 등에서의 난민신청 등의 개선이 시급하다하겠다. 아울러 난민인정을 신청하여 심사 중에 있는 자에 대하여 이의신청기간 또는 이의신청의 심사가 종료되기 전까지 본국송환을 정지하는 규정을 출입국관리법에 명문화함으로써 난민신청자의 권익도 강화하여야 할 것이다. 앞으로 한국의 난민인정절차에서 위와 같은 여러 가지 문제점들을 국제난민법에 부합되도록 대폭 개선하여 아직 문제를 우리와 동등한 `인간의 문제`로서가 아니라 `남의 문제나 우리와 상관없는 사람의 문제`로 받아들이는 경향에서 탈피하여 다문화사회의 참된 통합의 기틀을 마련하도록 하여야 할 것이다.
Parallel epigenetic and genetic changes in the pathogenesis of hepatitis virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (2005)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent tumor types in the world, with short survival times and few treatment options. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major etiologic agents of HCC, although the associated mechanisms are incompletely understood. The available evidence suggests that both viruses promote tumorigenesis by up-regulating genes that promote hepatocellular growth and survival, and by down-regulating other genes that act as tumor suppressors and negative growth regulatory molecules. Significantly, a number of the pathways that are altered by these viruses are the same ones that accumulate genetic alterations during tumor progression. This suggests that the pathways that promote virus persistence and replication may also promote cell growth and survival. From the perspective of the virus, this promotes chronic infection, while from the perspective of the host, this promotes tumorigenesis.
Stereoselectivity in the Epoxidation of Carbohydrate-Based Oxepines (2008)

The facial selectivity in the DMDO epoxidation of carbohydrate-based oxepines derived from glucose, galactose, and mannose has been determined by product analysis and density functional theory (DFT, B3LYP/6-31+G**//B3LYP/6-31G*) calculations. Oxepines 3 and 4, derived from d-galactose and d-mannose, largely favor alpha- over beta-epoxidation. The results reported here, along with selectivities in the DMDO-mediated epoxidation of d-xylose-based oxepine 1 and d-glucose-based oxepines 2 and 5 reported earlier, support a model in which electronic effects, guided by the stereochemistry of the oxygens on the oxepine ring, largely determine the stereoselectivity of epoxidation. Other contributing factors included conformational issues in the oxepine's transition state relative to the reactant, the asynchronicity in bond formation of the epoxide, and the overall steric bulk on the alpha- and beta-faces of the oxepine. Considered together, these factors should generally predict facial selectivity in the DMDO-epoxidation of cyclic enol ethers.
Effects of oxide thickness on charge trapping in metal-nitride-oxide- semiconductor structures (1982)

Charge trapping in chemically vapor-deposited Si3N4 thin films of metal-nitride-oxide- semiconductor (MNOS) structures has been studied using the internal photoelectric-effect technique in combination with high-frequency capacitance-voltage measurements. The trapped charge density in the Si3N4 film was investigated as a function of the experimental parameters of the internal photoelectric-effect technique and the oxide thickness (300–20 Å) of the MNOS structure. The optimum trapped electron density in the Si3N4 film was measured to be 1.5×1018/ cm3 using 4.14-eV photon energy, 3.0-mW/cm2 light intensity, and −20-V applied gate voltage bias for the MNOS structures whose oxide thicknesses were greater than 70 Å. The photoinjection of holes from Si into Si3N4 was inhibited in thick-oxide (300–43 Å) MNOS structures due to the large barrier height at the Si-SiO2 interface. This eliminated simultaneous trapping of holes and electrons in the Si3N4 film. As the oxide thickness of the MNOS structure was reduced below the critical thickness of 43 Å, the photoinjection of holes from Si into Si3N4 was enhanced substantially with subsequent dominant hole trapping in the Si3N4 film.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from the Leaves of <i>Macaranga kurzii</i> (2012)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of leaves of Macaranga kurzii yielded four new compounds, a stilbene (furanokurzin, 1) and three flavonoids (macakurzin A-C, 2-4). Nine known compounds were also isolated (5-13). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses including MS and 2D NMR. The isolates were all evaluated for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Compound 6 (trans-3,5-dimethoxystilbene) exhibited the greatest activity (IC50 9 μM). Cytotoxic evaluation against KB cells showed that compound 7 had an IC50 of 4 μM, followed by 11 (IC50 10 μM) and 3 (IC50 13 μM).
60 GHz millimeter-wave source using two-mode injection-locking of a Fabry-Perot slave laser (2001)

We demonstrate 60 GHz carrier generation and transmission using a two-mode injection-locked Fabry-Perot (F-P) slave laser. The relationship between the power of the generated carriers and the frequency of the reference signal for the injection-locking is also investigated. The RF power-penalty caused by fiber dispersion was within 2.0 dB when the locked modes were transmitted at a distance of 0.5-48 km. Accordingly, the two-mode locked F-P laser can be used in fiber-based millimeter-wave systems.
Vibrational Response of Nanorods to Ultrafast Laser Induced Heating:  Theoretical and Experimental Analysis (2003)

In this paper, we elucidate the vibrational response of cylindrical nanorods to ultrafast laser-induced heating. A theoretical analysis of the expected behavior is first presented. This analysis predicts that both extensional and breathing vibrational modes of the rods should be excited by laser-induced heating. Analytical formulas are derived assuming that the heating/expansion process is instantaneous, and that the lengths of the rods are much greater than their radii. These results show that the breathing mode dominates the mechanical deformation of the rod. However, because the frequency of the extensional mode is much lower than that of the breathing mode, the extensional mode will dominate the response for a real experiment (a finite-time heating/expansion process). The results of this model are compared to data from transient absorption experiments performed on gold nanorods with average lengths between 30 and 110 nm. The transient absorption traces show pronounced modulations with periods between 40 and 120 ps, which are only observed when the probe laser is tuned to the longitudinal plasmon band. The measured periods are in good agreement with the expected values for the extensional modes of the rods. For rods wider than 20 nm, the breathing mode can also be observed and, again, the measured periods are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. The breathing mode is not observed for thinner rods (<20 nm width) because, in this case, the period is comparable to the time scale for lattice heating.
Effect of e-Value of Vinyl Monomers on the Radical Graft Polymerization from Carbon Black Surface (1989)

The effect of e-value of vinyl monomers on the radical graft polymerization initiated by azo or peroxyester groups introduced onto carbon black surface was investigated. In the presence of carbon black having azo-groups (CB-Azo), the polymerization of vinyl monomers with positive e-value, such as methyl methacrylate, was initiated to give polymer-grafted carbon black. Although the polymerization of vinyl monomers with negative e-value, such as styrene, initiated by CB-Azo was retarded, the corresponding polymer was also grafted onto the surface. On the other hand, carbon black having peroxyester groups (CB-POE) was capable of initiating the polymerization of vinyl monomers with positive e-value, but incapable of that with negative e-value. Therefore, vinyl polymers with negative e-value were unable to graft onto carbon black by use of CB-POE. A similar tendency was observed in the polymerization initiated by 4, 4'-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) or t-butyl peroxybenzoate, as a model compound of initiating groups on the carbon black surface, in the presence of untreated carbon black: the polymerization of styrene initiated by t-butyl peroxybenzoate was remarkably retarded by carbon black. These results indicate that the radical graft polymerization initiated by initiating groups introduced onto carbon black surface is affected by e-value of vinyl monomers.
Water sprints uphill on glass (2010)

As a material, glass has been widely used in traditional fluidic devices and more recently in micro- and nanofluidic devices, and its wetting properties are crucially important in these applications. In this work, by using a high-intensity femtosecond laser structuring technique, we create a unique surface pattern on glass that transfer a regular glass surface to superwicking. As a result, water defies the gravity and sprints vertically uphill along the structured glass surface at an unprecedented velocity of 3.8 cm/sec. Our study shows that the dynamics of this fast self-propelled water flow follows a square root of time dependence.
hnRNP Q Regulates Cdc42-Mediated Neuronal Morphogenesis (2012)

The RNA-binding protein hnRNP Q has been implicated in neuronal mRNA metabolism. Here, we show that knockdown of hnRNP Q increased neurite complexity in cultured rat cortical neurons and induced filopodium formation in mouse neuroblastoma cells. Reexpression of hnRNP Q1 in hnRNP Q-depleted cells abrogated the morphological changes of neurites, indicating a specific role for hnRNP Q1 in neuronal morphogenesis. A search for mRNA targets of hnRNP Q1 identified functionally coherent sets of mRNAs encoding factors involved in cellular signaling or cytoskeletal regulation and determined its preferred binding sequences. We demonstrated that hnRNP Q1 bound to a set of identified mRNAs encoding the components of the actin nucleation-promoting Cdc42/N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex and was in part colocalized with Cdc42 mRNA in granules. Using subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence, we showed that knockdown of hnRNP Q reduced the level of some of those mRNAs in neurites and redistributed their encoded proteins from neurite tips to soma to different extents. Overexpression of dominant negative mutants of Cdc42 or N-WASP compromised hnRNP Q depletion-induced neurite complexity. Together, our results suggest that hnRNP Q1 may participate in localization of mRNAs encoding Cdc42 signaling factors in neurites, and thereby may regulate actin dynamics and control neuronal morphogenesis.
Optomechanic interaction in a corrugated phoxonic nanobeam cavity (2014)

The interaction between phonons and photons is investigated theoretically in a phoxonic cavity inside a corrugated nanobeam waveguide presenting band gaps for both electromagnetic and elastic waves. The structure is made by drilling periodic holes on a silicon nanobeam with lateral periodic stubs and the tapered cavity is constructed by changing gradually the geometrical parameters of both the holes and stubs. We show that this kind of cavity displays localized phonons and photons inside the gaps, which can enhance their interaction and also promotes the presence of many optical confined modes with high quality factor. Using the finite-element method, we demonstrate that with appropriate design of the tapering construction, one can control the cavity modes frequency without altering significantly the quality factor of the photonic modes. By changing the tapering rates over the lattice constants, we establish the possibility of shifting the phononic cavity modes frequency to place them inside the desired gap, which enhances their confinement and increases the mechanical quality factor while keeping the strength of the optomechanic coupling high. In our calculations, we take account of both mechanisms that contribute to the acousto-optic interaction, namely photoelastic and interface motion effects. We show that in our case, these two effects can contribute additively to give high coupling strength between phononic and photonic cavity modes. The calculations of the coupling coefficient which gives the phonon-photon coupling strength give values as high as 2 MHz while photonic cavity modes display quality factor of 10${}^{5}$ and even values up to 3.4 MHz but with smaller photonic quality factors.
Hydrocolloids in food processing (2010)

Preface. Contributor List. Chapter 1 Hydrocolloids: Fifteen Practical Tips (Thomas R. Laaman). Chapter 2 Hydrocolloids in Salad Dressings (Alan H. King). Chapter 3 Hydrocolloids in Muscle Foods (James W. Lamkey). Chapter 4 Hydrocolloids in Bakery Products (William Santa Cruz). Chapter 5 Hydrocolloids in Bakery Fillings (Marceliano B. Nieto and Maureen Akins). Chapter 6 Hydrocolloids in Frozen Dairy Desserts (Philip A. Rakes and Thomas R. Laaman). Chapter 7 Hydrocolloids in Cultured Dairy Products (Joseph Klemaszewski). Chapter 8 Hydrocolloids in Restructured Foods (Ian Challen and Ralph Moorhouse). Chapter 9 Hydrocolloids in Flavor Stabilization (Milda E. Embuscado). Chapter 10 Hydrocolloid Purchasing I: History and Product Grades (Thomas R. Laaman). Chapter 11 Hydrocolloid Purchasing II: Pricing and Supplier Evaluation (Thomas R. Laaman). Index.
Comparison between Sendai virus and adenovirus vectors to transduce HIV‐1 genes into human dendritic cells (2008)

Immuno-genetherapy using dendritic cells (DCs) can be applied to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Sendai virus (SeV) has unique features such as cytoplasmic replication and high protein expression as a vector for genetic manipulation. In this study, we compared the efficiency of inducing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and HIV-1 gene expression in human monocyte-derived DCs between SeV and adenovirus (AdV). Human monocyte-derived DCs infected with SeV showed the maximum gene expression 24 hr after infection at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 2. Although SeV vector showed higher cytopathic effect on DCs than AdV, SeV vector induced maximum gene expression earlier and at much lower MOI. In terms of cell surface phenotype, both SeV and AdV vectors induced DC maturation. DCs infected with SeV as well as AdV elicited HIV-1 specific T-cell responses detected by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot (Elispot). Our data suggest that SeV could be one of the reliable vectors for immuno-genetherapy for HIV-1 infected patients.
Shocks in Nonlocal Media (2007)

We investigate the formation of collisionless shocks along the spatial profile of a Gaussian laser beam propagating in nonlocal nonlinear media. For defocusing nonlinearity the shock survives the smoothing effect of the nonlocal response, though its dynamics is qualitatively affected by the latter, whereas for focusing nonlinearity it dominates over filamentation. The patterns observed in a thermal defocusing medium are interpreted in the framework of our theory.
<i>Lewis</i> Super‐Acid Catalyzed Cyclizations: A New Route to Fragrance Compounds (2008)

Abstract This review deals with the application of Lewis super acids such as Al III , In III , and Sn IV triflates and triflimidates as catalysts in the synthesis of fragrance materials. Novel catalytic reactions involving CC and Cheteroatom bond‐forming reactions, as well as cycloisomerization processes are presented. In particular, Sn IV and Al III triflates were employed as catalysts in the selective cyclization of unsaturated alcohols to cyclic ethers, as well as in the cyclization of unsaturated carboxylic acids to lactones. The addition of thiols and thioacids to non‐activated olefins, both in intra‐ and intermolecular versions, was efficiently catalyzed by In III derivatives. Sn IV Triflimidates catalyzed the cycloisomerization of highly substituted 1,6‐dienes to gem‐dimethyl‐substituted cyclohexanes bearing an isopropylidene substituent. The hydroformylation of these unsaturated substrates, catalyzed by a Rh I complex with a bulky phosphite ligand, selectively afforded the corresponding linear aldehydes. The olfactory evaluation of selected heterocycles, carbocycles, and aldehydes synthesized is also discussed.
The functions and mechanisms of the protrusible upper jaws of two species of cyprinid fish (1966)

Photographs have been taken of Idus and Gobio feeding. Idus , a primitive cyprinid, protrudes its premaxillae very little when it opens its mouth to take in food, but closes the mouth by further protrusion of the premaxillae. This enables it to close its mouth while keeping its buccal cavity fully expanded. Gobio , a more advanced cyprinid, protrudes its premaxillae strongly as it opens its mouth and is thereby able to apply the mouth closely to a surface from which it is taking food. The mechanisms of the movements are described.
Use of a superconductive magnetic gradiometer near magnetic objects (1983)

We present a technique for orienting a superconductive magnetic gradiometer, formed by two coplanar pickup loops, to suppress gradient fluctuations originating from nearby magnetic objects. We developed the technique to quiet fluctuations coming from the steel structure of an oceanographic research tower that impressed gradients of about 200 nT/m at the gradiometer. Facing the loops nearly edgewise to the tower quiets noise to the level of inherent instrument noise, ∼0.1 (pT/m)/(Hz)1/2, at frequencies from 1 to 25 Hz. It also quiets noise nearly to inherent instrument noise at frequencies from 0.1 to 10 mHz. Comparison of the empirical result with the quieting expected from a formulation of gradiometer response shows that gradient fluctuations coming from a nearby magnetic object appear to a gradiometer to come from fluctuations in location and moment of a magnetic dipole near the magnetic centroid of the object, whatever the magnetic structure of the object.