gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-infrared fiber optic spectroscopy as a novel diagnostic tool for the detection of pancreatic cancer (2005)

We have investigated the application of near-infrared (NIR) fiber-optic spectroscopy for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Cluster analysis of the Fourier transformed near-infrared (FTNIR) fiber-optic spectra of surgically resected pancreatic tumor tissues allowed discrimination of tumor from normal tissue with high sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity of the method using spectral information of the CH stretching first overtone region (5951–5608 cm–1) was 83.3% with a specificity of 83.3%. Based on the CH stretching second overtone region (8605–7938 cm–1) we could achieve a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 72.2%. These findings suggest that NIR spectroscopy offers the potential for minimally invasive in-vivo diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Simultaneous Identification of Antibodies to<i>Brucella abortus</i>and<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in Milk Samples by Flow Cytometry (1998)

Two flow cytometric assays are described herein. The single cytometric test (SCT) detects antibodies to either Brucella abortus or Staphylococcus aureus in the serum or milk of a cow or water buffalo. The double cytometric test (DCT) detects both anti-B. abortus and anti-S. aureus antibodies concurrently. In the SCT, the sample to be tested is incubated in succession with the antigen (either B. abortus or S. aureus) and the proper secondary antiserum (fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled rabbit anti-cow immunoglobulin antiserum or rabbit anti-water buffalo immunoglobulin antiserum). In the DCT, the sample to be tested is incubated first with B. abortus and S. aureus antigens and then with the secondary antiserum. The B. abortus antigen used in the DCT is covalently bound to 3-microm-diameter latex particles. The difference in size between B. abortus and S. aureus permits the establishment of whether the antibodies are directed against one, the other, or both antigens. When compared to the complement fixation test, the SCT and DCT each show a specificity and a sensitivity of 100%. The SCT has been used previously to detect anti-S. aureus antibodies. Here its use is extended to the detection of anti-B. abortus antibodies. The DCT is described here for the first time. The DCT appears to be useful for large-scale brucellosis eradication programs. It offers the possibility of using one test to identify animals that are serologically positive for both B. abortus and S. aureus.
Targeting apoptosis in prostate cancer: focus on caspases and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (2005)

Androgens are critical to the growth and differentiation of prostate epithelial cells. Removal of androgen normally results in apoptosis, but androgen-independent tumours have developed mechanisms that allow cells to survive the loss of androgen. The caspases are central mediators of cell death. An important area for research involves manipulating caspases by novel mechanisms to induce apoptosis. However, such mechanisms as diethylmaleate priming are limited by an inability to selectively target tumour cells. Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are recently identified anti-apoptotic caspase regulators. Each IAP homologue has a different mechanism of action. Because more than one member of the IAP family may be overexpressed in prostate cancer, successful treatment strategies will be defined by the ability to block all of the IAP expressed. Anti-sense oligonucleotide strategies have been shown to decrease IAP expression and increase prostate cancer cell susceptibility to apoptotic induction, although not by mitochondrial-mediated pathways. Fully understanding the basic apoptotic pathway and its regulation in prostate cancer will lead to more targets for manipulation, which can be translated into novel therapies. This article focuses on the role of the caspases and IAP in developing a rational approach to using apoptosis as a therapeutic target.
Markovian model for user-perceived software service availability measurement with operation-oriented restoration (2010)

This paper discusses the stochastic model for measuring software service availability; this is one of the customer-oriented attribute and defined as the attribute that the software system can successfully satisfy the end users' requests. From the viewpoint of a user, occurrence of a system failure is recognized when either one of the following two events arises: a software failure occurs when the user is using and operating the system, or a usage request occurs when the system is down. We propose and derive three kinds of novel service-oriented software availability assessment measure named (i) the software service availability in use, (ii) the software service unavailability due to request cancellation, and (iii) the software service unavailability under restoration; these are given as the functions of time and the number of debuggings. The time-dependent behaviors of the system alternating between up and down state and the user's request are described by a Markov process. Then we incorporate the operation-oriented restoration scenario into the model, i.e., we consider the following two types of restoration: one is the restoration with debugging and the other is without debugging. Furthermore, the dynamic software reliability growth process, the upward tendency in difficulty of debugging, and the imperfect debugging environment are also included in software service availability modeling. Finally, we present several numerical examples of these measures for software service availability analysis.
Biochemical Features of a Catalytic Antibody Light Chain, 22F6, Prepared from Human Lymphocytes (2013)

Human antibody light chains belonging to subgroup II of germ line genes were amplified by a seminested PCR technique using B-lymphocytes taken from a human adult infected with influenza virus. Each gene of the human light chains was transferred into the Escherichia coli system. The recovered light chain was highly purified using a two-step purification system. Light chain 22F6 showed interesting catalytic features. The light chain cleaved a peptide bond of synthetic peptidyl-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide (MCA) substrates, such as QAR-MCA and EAR-MCA, indicating amidase activity. It also hydrolyzed a phosphodiester bond of both DNA and RNA. From the analysis of amino acid sequences and molecular modeling, the 22F6 light chain possesses two kinds of active sites as amidase and nuclease in close distances. The 22F6 catalytic light chain could suppress the infection of influenza virus type A (H1N1) of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in an in vitro assay. In addition, the catalytic light chain clearly inhibited the infection of the influenza virus of BALB/c mice via nasal administration in an in vivo assay. In the experiment, the titer in the serum of the mice coinfected with the 22F6 light chain and H1N1 virus became considerably lowered compared with that of 22F6-non-coinfected mice. Note that the catalytic light chain was prepared from human peripheral lymphocyte and plays an important role in preventing infection by influenza virus. Considering the fact that the human light chain did not show any acute toxicity for mice, our procedure developed in this study must be unique and noteworthy for developing new drugs.
Effect of bone sialoprotein coating of ceramic and synthetic polymer materials on <i>in vitro</i> osteogenic cell differentiation and <i>in vivo</i> bone formation (2009)

In this study, we addressed whether Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) coating of various substrates could enhance the in vitro osteogenic differentiation and in vivo bone formation capacity of human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSC). Moreover, we tested whether synthetic polymer-based porous scaffolds, despite the absence of a mineral component, could support ectopic bone formation by human BMSC if coated with BSP. Adsorption of recombinant human BSP on tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCTP), beta-tricalcium phosphate (Osteologic) or synthetic polymer (Polyactive) substrates was dose dependent, but did not consistently accelerate or enhance in vitro BMSC osteogenic differentiation, as assessed by the mRNA expression of osteoblast-related genes. Similarly, BSP coating of porous beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds (Skelite) did not improve the efficiency of bone tissue formation following loading with BMSC and ectopic implantation in nude mice. Finally, Polyactive foams seeded with BMSC did not form bone tissue in the same ectopic assay, even if coated with BSP. We conclude that BSP coating of a variety of substrates is not directly associated with an enhancement of osteoprogenitor cell differentiation in vitro or in vivo, and that presentation of BSP on polymeric materials is not sufficient to prime BMSC functional osteoblastic differentiation in vivo.
Integrated web services and tunneling enabling field bus communication via heterogeneous (wide area) networks (2010)

About ten years ago the trend of development of Ethernet-based field buses began. Now a (large) number of them are standardized within IEC 61158, a variety of products and a variety of installed systems do exist. Beside the usage of Ethernet as a fast physical layer it also brought the entire TCP/UDP/IP or Internet protocol suite down to the shop floor, establishing the general opportunity to provide connectivity of controls and field devices into or via the Internet. Since industrial networks underlay special requirements and special boundary conditions the Virtual Automation Network (VAN) concept was developed for the inter-connection of devices from classically local automation networks through heterogeneous networks including public wide area networks (WANs). The Integrated Project (IP) VAN has been funded by the European Commission within FP6. The consortium consisted of 14 international partners among them the leading European automation companies Siemens, Schneider Electric and Phoenix Contact. This paper gives an overview of the VAN concept as important main project result.
A 95 percent efficient 1 kW DC converter with an internal frequency of 50 kHz (1977)

A dc converter is described which processes 1 kW power with an internal frequency of 50 kHz at an efficiency of 95 percent and which provides ohmic isolation between its input and output ports. It was experimentally verified that the customary penalty of lowered efficiency at higher levels of frequency could be avoided by the use of series resonant circuits, which favor the switching elements. The output characteristic of the system is that of a voltage limited current source. The road toward, yet higher power densities of reliable and efficient dc converters appears cleared.
Modelless Data Quality Improvement of Streaming Synchrophasor Measurements by Exploiting the Low-Rank Hankel Structure (2018)

This paper presents a new framework to improve the quality of streaming synchrophasor measurements with the existence of missing data and bad data. The method exploits the low-rank property of the Hankel structure to identify and correct bad data, as well as to estimate and fill in the missing data. The method is advantageous compared to existing methods in the literature that only estimate missing data by leveraging the low-rank property of the synchrophasor data observation matrix. The proposed algorithm can efficiently differentiate event data from bad data, even in the existence of simultaneous and consecutive bad data. The algorithm has been verified through numerical experiments on recorded synchrophasor datasets.
Quantitative determination of hydrocarbons by structural group-type via high-performance liquid chromatography with dielectric constant detection (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative determination of hydrocarbons by structural group-type via high-performance liquid chromatography with dielectric constant detectionPaul C. Hayes and Steven D. AndersonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 11, 2094–2098Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00288a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00288a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Text normalization system for Bangla (2008)

This paper describes a process of text normalization system of Bangla language (exonym: Bengali) by identifying the semiotic classes from Bangla text corpus. After identifying the semiotic classes a set of rules were written for tokenization and verbalization. This study is important for Text-To-Speech (TTS) system and as well as in language model for speech recognition. Index Terms: speech synthesis, text normalization 1.
Terahertz Frequency Comb for High-accuracy, High-resolution Terahertz Spectroscopy (2007)

We report a terahertz frequency-comb technique for high-accuracy, high-resolution terahertz spectroscopy by combination of two mode-locked-frequency-stabilized femtosecond lasers and multi-frequency-heterodyning photo conductive detection.
Magnetically separable nano CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: an efﬁcient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the green synthesis of thiiranes from epoxides with thiourea (2016)

ABSTRACT The magnetically separable nano CuFe2O4 was prepared and used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for conversion of various epoxides to the corresponding thiiranes with thiourea in refluxing ethanol. The reactions were completed within 34−45 min to give thiiranes in 80−95% yields. The utilized nano CuFe2O4 can be reused for several times without losing its activity.
Growing Talent Is Everybody's Business: Turn More Rookies into Partners (2005)

One of the biggest evolutions in the accounting fields 100year history is the presence of women in the profession. As of 2003 * 42% of full-time CPAs were women. * Almost 6 in 10 (59%) of the staff in entry-level positions were women. * Almost 1 in 5 partners (19%) and 4 in 10 (38%) senior managers were women. Despite these numbers, women still lag behind their male counterparts in leadership positions. As firm partners retire over the next 10 years, it will be critical to prepare for the leadership losses by developing women for these roles. Initiating the growth of women is a shared responsibility between firm leaders and managers on the one hand and women themselves on the other. Each has a defined role. THE FIRST FIVE YEARS Women Build your core accounting skills and work to become a process leader. Learn the business, the field of practice and how best to work and communicate with a diverse set of people across all levels of the organization. Begin honing your industry knowledge to set you apart from your peers and to develop more effective and efficient approaches to your client engagements. Most important, work on completing your CPA exam by your second year. This also is a great time to identify a mentor one to two levels above you to guide you through those unwritten and often complex organizational rules not taught in accounting classes. A mentor of either sex is appropriate, because building your core accounting and business competencies can be learned from any great leader. Firms and managers Let new employees know they are expected to perform well immediately and hit targets. Regular on-the-job coaching keeps employees of both sexes working most effectively for the organization. Actively manage employee talent by weeding out poor performers and identifying rising stars of both sexes, and support the establishment of a mentoring program. STAFF LEADERSHIP Women Being a firm leader requires management experience, so seek opportunities to build a team to follow in your footsteps. Delegate and empower a group to accomplish much more than you could as one individual. Coach and prepare individuals to succeed you to make your transition into a new role smoother for both clients and your team. Firms and managers Cultivating and expanding the abilities and skills of females will allow you to more fully develop your human resources capabilities at a time when no company can afford to ignore a single source of competitive advantage. …
Development of a broadband Wilkinson power combiner on Liquid Crystal Polymer (2009)

We present the development of a broadband multi-section Wilkinson power combiner on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) with integrated thin film resistors. The designed frequency of operation is from 2-18 GHz. The measured VSWR is better than 1.6:1, the measured excess insertion loss is less than 1.1 dB, and 11 dB of isolation is measured across the full band. This work presents the highest performance Wilkinson combiner with the widest bandwidth ratio of 9:1 reported in literature.
[Harvesting small amounts of autogenous spongiosa with a new set of instruments]. (1995)

A new set of instruments with a special saw, a guide and a punch has been developed for harvesting of cancellous bone for small grafts. In a cadaver experiment use of the instruments was compared with the conventional open technique. Within half the operation time, nearly the same quantity of cancellous bone could be salvaged. In 29 clinical cases, bone defects resulting from 4 bone cysts, 6 enchondromas, 5 pseudarthroses and 5 fractures were closed with cancellous bone grafts harvested by means of the new instruments. In the case of 9 bone tumors the punches were used to obtain biopsy specimens, and sufficient tissue for the exclusion of malignancy was obtained in all 9. With the new instruments we are able to harvest cancellous bone for small grafts by a minimally invasive method.
Prostate Cancer Spectral Multifeature Analysis Using TRUS Images (2008)

This paper focuses on extracting and analyzing different spectral features from transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images for prostate cancer recognition. First, the information about the images' frequency domain features and spatial domain features are combined using a Gabor filter and then integrated with the expert radiologist's information to identify the highly suspicious regions of interest (ROIs). The next stage of the proposed algorithm is to scan each identified region in order to generate the corresponding 1-D signal that represents each region. For each ROI, possible spectral feature sets are constructed using different new geometrical features extracted from the power spectrum density (PSD) of each region's signal. Next, a classifier-based algorithm for feature selection using particle swarm optimization (PSO) is adopted and used to select the optimal feature subset from the constructed feature sets. A new spectral feature set for the TRUS images using estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) is also constructed, and its ability to represent tissue texture is compared to the PSD-based spectral feature sets using the support vector machines (SVMs) classifier. The accuracy obtained ranges from 72.2% to 94.4%, with the best accuracy achieved by the ESPRIT feature set.
Measurements of Single-Molecule Bond-Rupture Forces between Self-Assembled Monolayers of Organosilanes with the Atomic Force Microscope (1997)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips and glass surfaces were modified with various organosilanes to determine magnitude and dispersion information about single-molecule bond-rupture forces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact-angle measurements were used to study and quantify organosilane adsorption on the glass surface and on SiO2-coated AFM tips. Hydrogen bond interactions between hydroxyl- and thiol-terminated groups on the tip and surface were detected and measured. Differentiation between the functionalities of the acetate- and thioacetate-terminated silanes and their reduced forms produced by on-surface reduction (the alcohol and thiol, respectively) was also accomplished. The experiments demonstrate the complementary information that can be obtained from AFM and XPS and illustrate how they can be used to determine the nature of the surface after an organic transformation has occurred to the functional groups present. They also represent a first step in detecting chemical reactions on a localized scale and in measuring the dispersion in the single-molecule bond-rupture force when it exists.
Rate-distorton analysis and traffic modeling of scalable video coders (2004)

In this work, we focus on two important goals of the transmission of scalable video over the Internet. The first goal is to provide high quality video to end users and the second one is to properly design networks and predict network performance for video transmission based on the characteristics of existing video traffic. Rate-distortion (R-D) based schemes are often applied to improve and stabilize video quality; however, the lack of R-D modeling of scalable coders limits their applications in scalable streaming. 
Thus, in the first part of this work, we analyze R-D curves of scalable video coders and propose a novel operational R-D model. We evaluate and demonstrate the accuracy of our R-D function in various scalable coders, such as Fine Granular Scalable (FGS) and Progressive FGS coders. Furthermore, due to the time-constraint nature of Internet streaming, we propose another operational R-D model, which is accurate yet with low computational cost, and apply it to streaming applications for quality control purposes. 
The Internet is a changing environment; however, most quality control approaches only consider constant bit rate (CBR) channels and no specific studies have been conducted for quality control in variable bit rate (VBR) channels. To fill this void, we examine an asymptotically stable congestion control mechanism and combine it with our R-D model to present smooth visual quality to end users under various network conditions. 
Our second focus in this work concerns the modeling and analysis of video traffic, which is crucial to protocol design and efficient network utilization for video transmission. Although scalable video traffic is expected to be an important source for the Internet, we find that little work has been done on analyzing or modeling it. In this regard, we develop a frame-level hybrid framework for modeling multi-layer VBR video traffic. In the proposed framework, the base layer is modeled using a combination of wavelet and time-domain methods and the enhancement layer is linearly predicted from the base layer using the cross-layer correlation.