gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions of Estrogen with the Neurotrophins and Their Receptors during Neural Development (1994)

We are interested in examining mechanisms underlying estrogen actions during neuronal differentiation in the central nervous system (CNS). Our research has focused on one possible mechanism, the developmental interactions between estrogen and the neurotrophins (nerve growth factor [NGF], brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and neurotrophin-3 [NT-3]). Using combined isotopic and non-isotopic in situ hybridization, we found that neurons in developmental estrogen targets (e.g., the cerebral cortex), co-localized mRNAs for the neurotrophins (NGF or BDNF) with their cognate receptors (p75NGFR [the pan-neurotrophin receptor] and trkA or trkB [the tyrosine kinase receptors]), suggesting a localization of neurotrophin-autocrine loops to these estrogen-sensitive neurons. In contrast, the basal forebrain, which is estrogen-sensitive in the adult and during development, only expressed neurotrophin receptor mRNAs, suggesting that this region was not an autocrine neurotrophin target. We examined the potential for developmental estrogen-neurotrophin interactions, using a model neurotrophin-sensitive system, i.e., differentiating PC12 cells. NGF significantly increased estrogen receptor density in PC12 cells. Reciprocally, estrogen up-regulated trkA mRNA and transiently down-regulated p75NGFR mRNA, suggesting that estrogen may increase the efficiency of NGF binding in PC12 cells. Similar estrogen-dependent regulation of NGF receptor mRNAs were also observed in the adult dorsal root ganglia, suggesting that estrogen may regulate NGF sensitivity in adult neurotrophin targets as well. Such estrogen-neurotrophin interactions may have an important role during differentiation and in the adult, following injury.
On the statistical properties of indoor power line channels: Measurements and models (2011)

In the last years, numerous works have analyzed the statistical distribution of indoor power line channels response. A set of models based on two main approaches, bottom-up and top-down, have been proposed. This work analyzes the statistical distribution of the attenuation and the delay spread of indoor power line channels. First, results obtained from a set of more than 200 channel responses measured in 25 different premises are presented. Then, the suitability of various channel models proposed in the literature is evaluated by comparing their statistical distributions with the one of the measured channels.
Monitoring of Physical Development in the Silver Halide Diffusion Transfer Process with a Linear CCD (1997)

In this paper, a linear CCD was used to detect the whole physical development process directly on the silver halide direct printing plate. The activity of the physical developing nuclei was also detected, and the influence of the ingredients of the working solution such as developer hydroquinone, silver complexing agent, and the environment such as pH, was evaluated. It was proved that the CCD technique was very successful in detecting the physical development process in the diffusion transfer reversal (DTR) system.
Tetanus toxoid provides efficient T‐cell help for the induction of HA‐1<sup>H</sup> cytotoxic T cells (2006)

This study demonstrates that TT provides a very potent and cost-effective tool for the in vitro induction of antigen-specific CTLs from precursor PBMNCs that can easily be adapted to GMP conditions for translational purposes.
Dislocation generation of GaAs on Si in the cooling stage (1990)

I n situ measurements are carried out for the etch pit density (EPD) of GaAs on Si at growth temperature using a newly developed HCl-GaCL vapor phase etching method. The EPD obtained is 4×104 cm−2 at growth temperature. However, after the temperature cools down to room temperature, the EPD is 8×106 cm−2 using molten KOH etching. GaP on Si is also carried out, and almost the same result is obtained; that around 107 cm−2 dislocations are generated in the cooling stage. This is the first evidence that thermal stress in the cooling stage determines the quality of GaAs and GaP heteroepitaxial layers on Si.
The Cartilaginous Potential of the Perichondrium in Rabbit Ear and Rib (1979)

In an experimental study the cartilaginous protential of the rabbit ear perichondrium has been compared with that of the rib in vivo and in vitro. Perichondrium was transferred as free autologous grafts to the subcutaneous tissue on the scalp and as loose bodies into the knee joint. The presence of cartilage in the grafts was examined after six weeks. In vitro explants of rabbit perichondrium from the ear and the rib were maintained in an organ culture system. The presence of cartilage was analyzed after one to three weeks. Rabbit perichondrium from the rib appeared to have a greater cartilaginous potential than that from the ear both in vivo and in vitro. Chondrogenesis in perichondrium was demonstrated in vitro.
Rear Wheel Steering Dynamics Compared to Front Steering (1990)

The lateral dynamics of rear wheel steering vehicles are examined using low order linear mathematical models. The response to rear steer angle inputs differs significantly from the front wheel steering response at low speeds. However, both the transient and steady state responses become less dependent on which wheels are steered as vehicle speed increases. This fact indicates that the unusual fixed control response does not alone cause rear wheel steering vehicles to be unsafe at high speeds. The free control instability unique to rear wheel steering vehicles is analyzed using a torque input model which treats steer angle as a degree of freedom. The cause of this unstable weave mode and the stable front wheel steering weave mode is a ratio of tire slip angle to steer angle in excess of unity during high speed cornering.
Deamidation in Human Lens βB2-Crystallin Destabilizes the Dimer (2006)

Two major determinants of the transparency of the lens are protein-protein interactions and stability of the crystallins, the structural proteins in the lens. betaB2 is the most abundant beta-crystallin in the human lens and is important in formation of the complex interactions of lens crystallins. betaB2 readily forms a homodimer in vitro, with interacting residues across the monomer-monomer interface conserved among beta-crystallins. Due to their long life spans, crystallins undergo an unusually large number of modifications, with deamidation being a major factor. In this study the effects of two potential deamidation sites at the monomer-monomer interface on dimer formation and stability were determined. Glutamic acid substitutions were constructed to mimic the effects of previously reported deamidations at Q162 in the C-terminal domain and at Q70, its N-terminal homologue. The mutants had a nativelike secondary structure similar to that of wild type betaB2 with differences in tertiary structure for the double mutant, Q70E/Q162E. Multiangle light scattering and quasi-elastic light scattering experiments showed that dimer formation was not interrupted. In contrast, equilibrium unfolding and refolding in urea showed destabilization of the mutants, with an inflection in the transition of unfolding for the double mutant suggesting a distinct intermediate. These results suggest that deamidation at critical sites destabilizes betaB2 and may disrupt the function of betaB2 in the lens.
Suicide Risk in Schizophrenia: An Analysis of 17 Consecutive Suicides (1999)

The aim of this study was to investigate interactional factors related to the recognition of suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia. The study focused on 17 schizophrenia patients who had committed suicide during the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland between April 1, 1987, and March 31, 1988, in the province of Kuopio. Consensus case reports were assembled by using the psychological autopsy method. Study methods included structured and in-depth interviews of next of kin and interviews of health care or social services workers who had treated the suicide victims. Male and female patients with schizophrenia committed suicide in equal proportions. Most had suffered from schizophrenia for more than 15 years; all but one had been receiving psychiatric treatment at the time of suicide. Retrospective assessment indicated that 59 percent of the patients were clinically depressed at the time of suicide. In 76 percent of the cases, the mental health professionals involved in treatment had not believed that there was a risk of suicide during their last contact with the patient. In 29 percent of the cases, the patient's paranoid ideas concerning treatment personnel had increased. Patients' withdrawal from human relationships because of depression was related to loss of the treatment professionals' concern for the patients. The findings in this descriptive study suggest that withdrawal by a patient with schizophrenia and an increase in the patient's paranoid behavior should be regarded as signals of risk of suicide.
Diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma on sections of paraffin-embedded sputum. Sensitivity and specificity of an alternative to routine cytology. (1992)

The diagnostic accuracy of sputum cytology for the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma using paraffin-embedded, serially sectioned and hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens was tested in 4,297 sputum samples from 1,889 patients, 219 of whom had bronchial carcinoma. The diagnostic sensitivity depended mainly on the number of investigated samples and was 85.4% with three sufficient sputa. The sensitivity was not influenced by the histologic types, location or TNM stage of the tumor. The specificity of the method was 99.5%. In three cases localization of sputum cytologically diagnosed bronchial carcinomas was not possible immediately (occult carcinomas, pTx); in two of these cases the bronchial carcinomas were located during follow-up. The third patient died without verification of the cytologic diagnosis. According to our results, sputum cytology on serial sections is a valuable instrument for mass screening of high-risk groups for the early detection of bronchial carcinoma. Lower sensitivities of sputum cytology in mass screening programs for the early diagnosis of lung cancer are discussed critically.
Special Feature: Memory Extension Techniques for Minicomputers (1977)

There are many computer users these days who have bumped up against the end of their memories. Years ago, IBM 1800, 1130, and 7094 users discovered that 32K words of addressable memory simply was not enough. Today, minicomputer users are discovering the same thing. And so are minicomputer manufacturers. Some of the newest mini's can address 128K, 256K, 512K, or even 1024K (1M) bytes of main memory. The claim is that 16M byte addressing is right around the corner.
Protease-activated Receptors in Vascular Biology (2001)

G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors (PARs) provide one answer to the question of how coagulation factors and other proteases regulate cellular behaviors. In concert with the coagulation cascade, these receptors provide an elegant mechanism that links mechanical information in the form of tissue injury or vascular leak to cellular responses. Roles for PARs in hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation, and perhaps even blood vessel development are beginning to emerge. Our current understanding of the role of PARs in platelet and endothelial cell activation and their potential importance in normal and disease states is discussed.
Targeted deletion of <i>Sost</i> distal enhancer increases bone formation and bone mass (2012)

The Wnt antagonist Sost has emerged as a key regulator of bone homeostasis through the modulation of Lrp4/5/6 Wnt coreceptors. In humans, lack of Sclerostin causes sclerosteosis and van Buchem (VB) disease, two generalized skeletal hyperostosis disorders that result from hyperactive Wnt signaling. Unlike sclerosteosis, VB patients lack SOST coding mutations but carry a homozygous 52 kb noncoding deletion that is essential for the transcriptional activation of SOST in bone. We recently identified a putative bone enhancer, ECR5, in the VB deletion region, and showed that the transcriptional activity of ECR5 is controlled by Mef2C transcription factor in vitro. Here we report that mice lacking ECR5 or Mef2C through Col1-Cre osteoblast/osteocyte-specific ablation result in high bone mass (HBM) due to elevated bone formation rates. We conclude that the absence of the Sost-specific long-range regulatory element ECR5 causes VB disease in rodents, and that Mef2C is the main transcription factor responsible for ECR5-dependent Sost transcriptional activation in the adult skeleton.
The refractive index of thin solid films (1985)

A fundamental optics experiment in the school/undergraduate physics laboratory is the investigation of the dispersion of visible light using a prism spectrometer. The refractive index, n, of the prism material can be calculated for various wavelengths with the help of the relation n=sin((A+Dmin)/2)/sin(A/2), where A is the refracting angle of the prism and Dmin is the angle of minimum deviation. With reasonable care it is possible to verify that n and lambda satisfy a simplified Cauchy relation of the form n=L+M lambda -2, where L and M are constants characteristic of the prism material.
Distinctive microbiomes and metabolites linked with weight loss after gastric bypass, but not gastric banding (2017)

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) are anatomically different bariatric operations. RYGB achieves greater weight loss compared with LAGB. Changes in the gut microbiome have been documented after RYGB, but not LAGB, and the microbial contribution to sustainable surgical weight loss warrants further evaluation. We hypothesized that RYGB imposes greater changes on the microbiota and its metabolism than LAGB, and that the altered microbiota may contribute to greater weight loss. Using multi-omic approaches, we analyzed fecal microbial community structure and metabolites of pre-bariatric surgery morbidly obese (PreB-Ob), normal weight (NW), post-RYGB, and post-LAGB participants. RYGB microbiomes were significantly different from those from NW, LAGB and PreB-Ob. Microbiome differences between RYGB and PreB-Ob populations were mirrored in their metabolomes. Diversity was higher in RYGB compared with LAGB, possibly because of an increase in the abundance of facultative anaerobic, bile-tolerant and acid-sensible microorganisms in the former. Possibly because of lower gastric acid exposure, phylotypes from the oral cavity, such as Escherichia, Veillonella and Streptococcus, were in greater abundance in the RYGB group, and their abundances positively correlated with percent excess weight loss. Many of these post-RYGB microorganisms are capable of amino-acid fermentation. Amino-acid and carbohydrate fermentation products-isovalerate, isobutyrate, butyrate and propionate-were prevalent in RYGB participants, but not in LAGB participants. RYGB resulted in greater alteration of the gut microbiome and metabolome than LAGB, and RYGB group exhibited unique microbiome composed of many amino-acid fermenters, compared with nonsurgical controls.
A Static Task Scheduling Framework for Independent Tasks Accelerated Using a Shared Graphics Processing Unit (2011)

The High Performance Computing (HPC) field is witnessing the increasing use of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) as application accelerators, due to their massively data-parallel computing architectures and exceptional floating-point computational capabilities. The performance advantage from GPU-based acceleration is primarily derived for GPU computational kernels that operate on large amount of data, consuming all of the available GPU resources. For applications that consist of several independent computational tasks that do not occupy the entire GPU, sequentially using the GPU one task at a time leads to performance inefficiencies. It is therefore important for the programmer to cluster small tasks together for sharing the GPU, however, the best performance cannot be achieved through an ad-hoc grouping and execution of these tasks. In this paper, we explore the problem of GPU tasks scheduling, to allow multiple tasks to efficiently share and be executed in parallel on the GPU. We analyze factors affecting multi-tasking parallelism and performance, followed by developing the multi-tasking execution model as a performance prediction approach. The model is validated by comparing with actual execution scenarios for GPU sharing. We then present the scheduling technique and algorithm based on the proposed model, followed by experimental verifications of the proposed approach using an NVIDIA Fermi GPU computing node. Our results demonstrate significant performance improvements using the proposed scheduling approach, compared with sequential execution of the tasks under the conventional multi-tasking execution scenario.
Gradient field microscopy of unstained specimens (2012)

We present a phase derivative microscopy technique referred to as gradient field microscopy (GFM), which provides the first-order derivatives of the phase associated with an optical field passing through a transparent specimen. GFM utilizes spatial light modulation at the Fourier plane of a bright field microscope to optically obtain the derivatives of the phase and increase the contrast of the final image. The controllable spatial modulation pattern allows us to obtain both one component of the field gradient (derivative along one direction) and the gradient intensity, which offers some advantages over the regular differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. Most importantly, unlike DIC, GFM does not use polarizing optics and, thus, it is applicable to birefringent samples. We demonstrate these features of GFM with studies of static and dynamic biological cells (HeLa cells and red blood cells). We show that GFM is capable of qualitatively providing information about cell membrane fluctuations. Specifically, we captured the disappearance of the bending mode of fluctuations in osmotically swollen red blood cells.
Reversed-Phase, High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Peptides and Proteins with Ion-Pairing Reagents (1978)

Reversed-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography has been successfully applied to the analysis of peptides and proteins by the addition of hydrophilic (for example, phosphoric acid) or hydrophobic (for example, hexanesulfonic acid) ion-pairing reagents, or both, to the mobile phase. Examples described included proteins such as insulin, glucagon, and 1-24 ACTH pentaacetate (ACTH is adrenocorticotrophic hormone).
Influence of Hydroxy Aluminum Ions on pH Titration Curves of Hydronium‐Aluminum Clays (1964)

Abstract Vermiculite (particles 2 to 0.2 microns in diameter), after being treated with H‐Amberlite IR‐120, aged for 97 days, and suspended in 1 N KNO 3 , showed a third buffer range between pH 5.5 and 7.6 on continuous titration with dilute NaOH. This third buffer range is attributed to neutralization of excess protons of Al‐OH 2 groups in positively charged hydroxy aluminum polymers formed on interlayer surfaces of vermiculite under the influence of their negative charge. This conclusion was reached on the basis of observance of the same additional buffer range in titration curves of partially neutralized and aged AlCl 3 ‐solutions (OH/Al ratios ranging from 1 to 2.25) and of vermiculite treated with the aged hydroxy aluminum solutions. The hydroxy aluminum polymers are only partly exchangeable by 1 N KCl, and also are fairly resistant to treatment of the clay with H‐resin. The X‐ray diffractogram of the vermiculite shows an enhanced 7.2Å. (002) peak after H‐resin treatment and aging, indicating more interlayer material. Hydroxy aluminum treated vermiculite and aged acid vermiculite showed reduced collapsibility on K saturation and heat treatment, pointing also to the occurrence of the hydroxy polymers in the interlayer position. Compared with similar reactions with montmorillonite from bentonite previously reported, these compounds form with greater avidity in vermiculite, have a greater stability to subsequent H‐resin treatment, and have a higher resistance to exchange in KCl. These differences presumably arise because of the higher net negative charge of the vermiculite layers. Soil clays which give X‐ray diffraction evidence of interlayer hydroxy aluminum show the third buffer range on treatment with H resin, without aging time or treatment with hydroxy aluminum solutions.
A Fuzzy-Classifier System to Distinguish Respiratory Patterns Evolving after Diaphragm Paralysis in the Cat (2003)

We applied the fuzzy "k-nearest neighbor" (k-NN) classifier of the pattern recognition theory to fathom the abnormal way of breathing resulting from diaphragm paralysis and to distinguish the dominant component, tidal or frequency, of the breathing pattern on which ventilatory compensation relies in such a pathological state. We addressed this issue in the experimental model of diaphragm paralysis as a result of bilateral phrenicotomy in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats. Of several variables recorded, we selected two features, minute ventilation and arterial CO(2) tension, that were used for the k-NN analysis. The results demonstrate that the ability to maintain ventilation critically depended on the increase in frequency of breathing. Other breathing pattern strategies were ineffective. The k-NN evaluation with the two selected features discerned the prevailing pattern of breathing with sufficient probability. Such an evaluation may be a useful tool in predicting the development of compensatory strategies in disordered patterns of breathing.
High-Frequency Gunn Oscillators (Short Papers) (1974)

Recent work to achieve high output power of fundamental mode Gunn-effect oscillators at frequencies ranging from 25 to 71 GHz is described. Ambient powers of 370 mW at 6.7-percent efficiency at 25 GHz, 260 mW at 4.5-percent efficiency at 38 GHz 150 mW at 4-percent efficiency at 54 GHz, and 30 mW at 1-percent efficiency at 71 GHz were obtained from single-diode structures. Combining two diodes in a push-pull circuit yielded 400 mW at 3.5-percent efficiency at 32 GHz and 260 mW at 4.0-percent efficiency at 42 GHz. This represents some of the highest powers and efficiencies reported to date from millimeter-wave Gunn-effect oscillators.
Effect of Scale Inhibitor-Dispersant on the Crystallization of Potassium(Sodium)Fluosilicate (2002)

The effects of 3 types of effective scale inhibitor-dispersant on the crystallization of Na 2SiF 6 and K 2SiF 6 from phosphoric acid solution are studied in a continuous MSMPR crystallizer. The results indicate that the selected scale inhibitor-dispersant can reduce the crystal growth rate and average size. At the same time can increase the population density of nuclei and nucleation rate of potassium(sodium)fluosilicate. Moreover, the crystal habit are highly modified:Na 2SiF 6 forms grain-shaped and other irregular crystals instead of hexagonal crystals, and K 2SiF 6 forms grain-shaped and small cubic crystals instead of cluster aggregated by cubic crystals.