gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Random maximum margin hashing (2011)

Following the success of hashing methods for multidimensional indexing, more and more works are interested in embedding visual feature space in compact hash codes. Such approaches are not an alternative to using index structures but a complementary way to reduce both the memory usage and the distance computation cost. Several data dependent hash functions have notably been proposed to closely fit data distribution and provide better selectivity than usual random projections such as LSH. However, improvements occur only for relatively small hash code sizes up to 64 or 128 bits. As discussed in the paper, this is mainly due to the lack of independence between the produced hash functions. We introduce a new hash function family that attempts to solve this issue in any kernel space. Rather than boosting the collision probability of close points, our method focus on data scattering. By training purely random splits of the data, regardless the closeness of the training samples, it is indeed possible to generate consistently more independent hash functions. On the other side, the use of large margin classifiers allows to maintain good generalization performances. Experiments show that our new Random Maximum Margin Hashing scheme (RMMH) outperforms four state-of-the-art hashing methods, notably in kernel spaces.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of dual action<i>cyclo</i>-RGD/SMAC mimetic conjugates targeting α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>/α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>5</sub>integrins and IAP proteins (2014)

The rational design, synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of dual action conjugates 11-13, containing a tumour targeting, integrin αvβ3/αvβ5 ligand portion and a pro-apoptotic SMAC mimetic portion (cyclo-RGD/SMAC mimetic conjugates) are reported. The binding strength of the two separate units is generally maintained by these dual action conjugates. In particular, the connection between the separate units (anchor points on each unit; nature, length and stability of the linker) influences the activity of each portion against its molecular targets (integrins αvβ3/αvβ5 for cyclo-RGD, IAP proteins for SMAC mimetics). Each conjugate portion tolerates different substitutions while preserving the binding affinity for each target.
Different lengths of a polymorphic repeat sequence in the thymidylate synthase gene affect translational efficiency but not its gene expression. (2001)

From the results of both in vitro and in vivo study, we conclude that TS mRNA with a three-repeat sequence has greater translation efficiency than that with the two-repeat sequence. The results provide the rationale for comprehensive usage of TS genotyping with quantitation of TS mRNA or TS protein to predict the patient's response to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.
An overall review on the tribological, thermal and rheological properties of nanolubricants (2020)

Nanolubrication is one of the recent innovative technologies used in lubrication science. It involves dispersion of various types of nanoparticles in different concentrations in the conventional lubricant and studies the tribological properties of these lubricants on a particular tribopair under different operating parameters. Nanoparticles can be considered as potential lubricant additives. They present several major advantages compared to organic molecules currently used as lubricant additives, which include their nanometre size allowing them to enter the contact area easily. The real contact area is decreased when nanoparticles are entrapped between the mating surfaces. They are often efficient at ambient temperature. Thus, no induction period is necessary to obtain interesting tribological properties. Further, nanoadditives also improve the thermo-physical properties of the lubricant. A comprehensive review is provided with the aim to analyse and explore tribological and thermo-physical properties of nanolubricants on various tribopairs used for engineering applications. Recent advancements like hybrid nanofluids and biolubrication are also discussed that further provides the solutions for sustainable lubrication.
Introducing WPF (2008)

The Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is an entirely new graphical display system for Windows. WPF is designed for .NET, influenced by modern display technologies such as HTML and Flash, and hardware-accelerated. It's also the most radical change to hit Windows user interfaces since Windows 95.KeywordsUser InterfaceVisual StudioWindow ApplicationVideo CardHardware AccelerationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Dietary metabolites and the gut microbiota: an alternative approach to control inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (2016)

It is now convincingly clear that diet is one of the most influential lifestyle factors contributing to the rise of inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity in both developed and developing countries. In addition, the modern 'Western diet' has changed in recent years with increased caloric intake, and changes in the relative amounts of dietary components, including lower fibre and higher levels of fat and poor quality of carbohydrates. Diet shapes large‐bowel microbial ecology, and this may be highly relevant to human diseases, as changes in the gut microbiota composition are associated with many inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated a remarkable role for diet, the gut microbiota and their metabolites—the short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs)—in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer and wound‐healing. This review summarizes how diet, microbiota and gut microbial metabolites (particularly SCFAs) can modulate the progression of inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity, and reveal the molecular mechanisms (metabolite‐sensing G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCRs) and inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs)). Therefore, considerable benefit could be achieved simply through the use of diet, probiotics and metabolites for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity.
Polycomb group proteins (2010)

Comment on: Bommi P, et al. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:2663-73.
Bayesian approach to extended object and cluster tracking using random matrices (2008)

In algorithms for tracking and sensor data fusion the targets to be observed are usually considered as point source objects; i.e., compared with the sensor resolution their extension is neglected. Due to the increasing resolution capabilities of modern sensors, however, this assumption is often no longer valid as different scattering centers of an object can cause distinct detections when passing the signal processing chain. Examples of extended targets are found in short-range applications (littoral surveillance, autonomous weapons, or robotics). A collectively moving target group can also be considered as an extended target. This point of view is the more appropriate, the smaller the mutual distances between the individual targets are. Due to the resulting data association and resolution conflicts any attempt of tracking the individual objects within the group seems to be no longer reasonable. With simulated sensor data produced by a partly unresolvable aircraft formation the addressed phenomena are illustrated and an approximate Bayesian solution to the resulting tracking problem is proposed. Ellipsoidal object extensions are modeled by random matrices, which are treated as additional state variables to be estimated or tracked. We expect that the resulting tracking algorithms are also relevant for tracking large, collectively moving target swarms.
Robust fault detection filter design (2005)

In practical fault detection filter applications, reliable fault isolation takes place only when the detection space structure is insensitive to parameter variations. A left eigenvector assignment approach is developed which allows for the application of existing results relating supremal controllability subspaces and ill-conditioned eigenvectors. Modifications which yield improved eigenvector conditioning are applied to an aircraft accelerometer fault detection filter.
Emergency Department Triage Scales and Their Components: A Systematic Review of the Scientific Evidence (2011)

Emergency department (ED) triage is used to identify patients' level of urgency and treat them based on their triage level. The global advancement of triage scales in the past two decades has generated considerable research on the validity and reliability of these scales. This systematic review aims to investigate the scientific evidence for published ED triage scales. The following questions are addressed: 1. Does assessment of individual vital signs or chief complaints affect mortality during the hospital stay or within 30 days after arrival at the ED?2. What is the level of agreement between clinicians' triage decisions compared to each other or to a gold standard for each scale (reliability)? 3. How valid is each triage scale in predicting hospitalization and hospital mortality? A systematic search of the international literature published from 1966 through March 31, 2009 explored the British Nursing Index, Business Source Premier, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed. Inclusion was limited to controlled studies of adult patients (≥ 15 years) visiting EDs for somatic reasons. Outcome variables were death in ED or hospital and need for hospitalization (validity). Methodological quality and clinical relevance of each study were rated as high, medium, or low. The results from the studies that met the inclusion criteria and quality standards were synthesized applying the internationally developed GRADE system. Each conclusion was then assessed as having strong, moderately strong, limited, or insufficient scientific evidence. If studies were not available, this was also noted.We found ED triage scales to be supported, at best, by limited and often insufficient evidence.The ability of the individual vital signs included in the different scales to predict outcome is seldom, if at all, studied in the ED setting. The scientific evidence to assess interrater agreement (reliability) was limited for one triage scale and insufficient or lacking for all other scales. Two of the scales yielded limited scientific evidence, and one scale yielded insufficient evidence, on which to assess the risk of early death or hospitalization in patients assigned to the two lowest triage levels on a 5-level scale (validity).
High Speed Random Access, Fourier Transform Holographic Associative And High Density Two-Photon Three-Dimensional Optical Memories Based On Bacteriorhodopsin. (1995)

Abstract : The goals of this research and development program were to optimize bacteriorhodopsin based photochromic and photorefractive materials for use in optical memories. Two spatial light modulators (SLMs) based on bacteriorhodopsin were developed, one that could be controlled via applied voltage and the other controlled by light. The former performed below target specification; whereas the latter achieved diffraction efficiencies two-fold above target. Preliminary results on the three-dimensional data cube were sufficiently exciting to adjust the first year statement of work to also include the optimization of the bacteriorhodopsin data cube. (AN)
Development of a New Borosilicate Cover Glass and a Second Surface Mirror for Spacecrafts (1995)

A cover glass and second surface mirror made of a new borosilicate glass (BDX) for scientific satellite are developed. The BDX consists of SiO2, Al2O3, BaO and Na2O. This glass has many features of efficient UV absorption, high transmittance and low alkali migration.Two types of cover glasses (AR and CC) based on BDX are present. The type AR is coated with antireflection layer on the front surface. The type CC is coated with conductive layer/antirefiection layer on the front surface. The second surface mirror (type CSSM), front surface in coated by conductive layer/antirefiection layer and back surface is coated by Ag/protection layer.This paper in describing the properties of BDX, two types of cover glasses and second surface mirror including results of evaluation by proton, electron, UV irradiation on the ground test and in space environment test with scientific satellite AKEBONO.
a‐<scp>S</scp>i<scp>C</scp>:<scp>H</scp> Films by Remote Hydrogen Microwave Plasma <scp>CVD</scp> From Ethylsilane Precursors<sup>**</sup> (2013)

Amorphous, hydrogenated, silicon carbide (a‐SiC:H) films are deposited in the remote hydrogen microwave plasma (RP‐CVD) process using diethylsilane as a single‐source precursor. The effect of substrate temperature ( T S ) on the kinetics of RP‐CVD, chemical composition, structure, surface morphology, and properties (density, refractive index, and extinction coefficient) of the resulting a‐SiC:H films is investigated. The T S dependence of film growth rate implies that RP‐CVD is an adsorption‐controlled process. The increase of T S from 30 °C to 350 °C causes the elimination of organic moieties from the film and the formation of a SiC network structure. The relationships between the content of SiC bonds, represented by the relative integrated intensity of the SiC IR band, and the film properties are determined. The number of SiC bonds is found to be a key parameter in the control of the examined film properties. The films deposited at T S = 350 °C appear to be very dense materials exhibiting small surface roughness and high refractive index. The results of the present study are compared with those reported for a‐SiC:H films produced by RP‐CVD from a triethylsilane precursor.
Endovascular Stimulation of Autonomic Neural Elements in the Superior Vena Cava Using a Flexible Loop Catheter (2003)

It has been previously shown that parasympathetic nerve stimulation (PNS) can be achieved via basket electrode catheters (BEC) positioned in the superior vena cava (SVC). Since questions have been raised regarding formation of thrombi between and/or on the splines of the BECs, we investigated the use of a flexible loop "Lasso" catheter (LC) to achieve autonomic nerve stimulation in the SVC without clot formation. In 5 dogs, anesthetized with Na-pentobarbital, standard ECG leads II and aVR, blood pressure and right atrial electrograms were continuously monitored. The LC is a 7-French catheter at the end of which is a circular ring, 25 mm in diameter, equipped with ten 1-mm electrodes. The circular loop is made of a flexible, shape retaining, covered metal, which can be straightened in order to be inserted transvenously. The catheter was inserted through a sheath in the external jugular vein and positioned in the SVC. Stimulation was performed sequentially across each of the five bipolar pairs of electrodes, and consisted of square wave stimuli, each 0.1 msec duration, frequency 20 Hz at voltages from 1-40 V. The average voltage required to produce a 50% decrease in heart rate was 15 +/- 7 V, compared to 22 +/- 12 V with the standard BEC and 10 +/- 5 V with a modified BEC. We did not observe any thrombus formation at the end of a four-hour period during which the catheter was stabilized in the SVC. PNS can be achieved safely and effectively by the LC in the SVC in dogs.
Semi-insulating properties of Fe-doped InP grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (1989)

Epitaxial layers grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy using N2 as a carrier gas were studied. Charge transport measurements at temperatures as high as 416 K and as low as 38 K were made on layers grown on (100)-, (311)B-, (511)B-, and (110)- oriented substrates. Resistivities in the range 4×106–2×1010 Ω cm were obtained in all cases except for growth on (311)B surfaces. In that case resistivities were in the range 1×103–5×107 Ω cm. Detailed fitting to I-V data was done using a two trap model, and a good fit was obtained if traps lying at 0.68 and 0.30 eV below the conduction band were included. The deeper lying trap concentration which gave the best fit was in the range 1–8×1015 cm−3. This level corresponds to the Fe3+⇄Fe2+ transition which is usually observed in semi-insulating bulk and MOCVD grown Fe-doped InP and which compensates the background donors. A concentration lying in the range 2–20×1018 cm−3 must be used for the 0.30-eV trap to produce a good fit. The presence of this trap at such a large concentration also explains our observations that the Fermi level moves up in the band gap as the temperature is decreased. We speculate that this trap is N impurity related. Secondary-ion-mass spectrometry results rule out the possibility that the 0.30-eV trap is Fe related. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectra typical of Fe-doped InP were obtained and revealed a broad band at 1.1 eV. Such a band has been commonly reported for bulk InP:Fe and is usually assigned to an Fe related deep level. Our results suggest that this assignment may not be correct for our material.
Proactive Vehicular Traffic Rerouting for Lower Travel Time (2013)

Traffic congestion causes driver frustration and costs billions of dollars annually in lost time and fuel consumption. This paper presents five traffic rerouting strategies designed to be incorporated in a cost-effective and easily deployable vehicular traffic guidance system that reduces travel time. The proposed strategies proactively compute individually tailored rerouting guidance to be pushed to vehicles when signs of congestion are observed on their route. The five proposed strategies are the dynamic shortest path (DSP), the A* shortest path with repulsion (AR*), the random k shortest path (RkSP), the entropy-balanced kSP (EBkSP), and the flow-balanced kSP (FBkSP). Extensive simulation results show that the proposed strategies are capable of reducing the travel time as much as a state-of-the-art dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) algorithm while avoiding the issues that make DTA impractical, such as the lack of scalability and robustness, and high computation time. Furthermore, the variety of proposed strategies allows tuning the system to different levels of tradeoffs between rerouting effectiveness and computational efficiency. In addition, the proposed traffic guidance system can significantly improve the traffic even if many drivers ignore the guidance or if the system adoption rate is relatively low.
Non‐host resistance of barley is associated with a hydrogen peroxide burst at sites of attempted penetration by wheat powdery mildew fungus (2001)

Summary In barley, non-host resistance against the wheat powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, Bgt) is associated with the formation of cell wall appositions and a hypersensitive reaction in which epidermal cells die rapidly in response to fungal attack. In the interaction of barley with the pathogenic barley powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, Bgh), these defence reactions are also associated with accumulation of H(2)O(2). To elucidate the mechanism of non-host resistance, the accumulation of H(2)O(2) in response to Bgt was studied in situ by histochemical staining with diaminobenzidine. H(2)O(2) accumulation was found in cell wall appositions under appressoria from Bgt and in cells undergoing a hypersensitive reaction. A mutation (mlo5) at the barley Mlo locus, that confers broad spectrum resistance to Bgh, did not influence the barley defence phenotype to Bgt. Significantly, Bgt triggered cell death on mlo5-barley while Bgh did not.
MRSA as a cause of lung infection including airway infection, community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia (2009)

Staphylococcus aureus has been recognised as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia, albeit uncommon, and an important cause of healthcare-associated (HA) pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia. Resistance of S. aureus to methicillin developed shortly after its introduction into clinical practice. Since then, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has predominantly been a feature of hospital-acquired, or latterly HA, infections as the boundaries became more blurred between the community and hospital environments. However, more recently true community-acquired (CA)-MRSA infections have been detected and are becoming increasingly common, especially in the USA. Europe has not been immune to the development of MRSA in healthcare settings and although the prevalence of CA-MRSA is currently relatively low, there is the risk of wider spread. These new CA-MRSA strains appear to behave differently to HA-MRSA strains. Although predominantly causing skin and soft tissue infections, mainly as boils and abscesses requiring drainage, life threatening invasive infections including necrotising pneumonia can also occur. This article summarises the pathogenesis and clinical presentations of MRSA-related lung infections.
Synthesis and characterization of polymer-(multi)-peptide conjugates for control of specific cell aggregation (1998)

A new synthetic approach has been applied to obtain novel di-, tetra-, and (multi)-peptide containing polymer conjugates in quantitative yields with a high degree of conjugation. Bis-(N-hydroxysuccinimidyl) esters of PEG (Mw = 200, 600, 1400, 2000, and 3400) were synthesized and studied in a condensation reaction with synthetic peptides: glycine-glycine-tyrosine-arginine (GGYR), a model peptide, and glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-tyrosine (GRGDY), a sequence known to promote cell adhesion and aggregation. Tetra-substituted derivatives of PEG-based conjugates were synthesized by coupling L-aspartic acid and L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine through a condensation procedure in organic media. Poly(acrylic acid) and co-polymers (Mw = 2000 and 5000) were studied as a model of multifunctional linear polymers in the reaction with L-tryptophan and GGYR. Alternative polymer-(multi)-peptide conjugates were successfully synthesized using Starburst dendrimer PAMAM (G = 3), 'short' and 'long'-chain PEG-based active esters and GRGDY. The structure of the intermediate precursors and peptide-conjugates was confirmed by spectral (UV-Vis, FTIR, H-NMR) and chromatographic (RP-HPLC and SEC) methods. By varying the properties of the interconnecting polymer--such as hydrophobicity, molecular weight, and functionality--a set of polymer-GRGDY conjugates was synthesized.
On-Line Sensor Diagnosis of the Diesel Engine Cold Starting Based on RBFNN (2009)

Based on the radial basal function neural network (RBFNN) and the OLS arithmetic, an on-line sensor fault detection diagnostic strategy on the diesel engine cold starting is proposed. This diagnostic strategy is conducted by RBFNN .The data of sensor sampling is the input and the sensor faults is the output of RBFNN. Some samples could be trained and studied by RBFNN. The parameters, such as, short circuit, open circuit and the stuck-at fault of the electric current, the voltage and the rotational speed have been made by the RBFNN and the OLS arithmetic. The test results indicate that the sensor fault diagnostic accuracy can reach 95.6%. It is value that this diagnostic strategy could be achieved the IV emissions regulations of China in the diesel engine cold starting cycle and also can be used in the vehicle on board diagnosis system.