gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced antigen‐presenting activity and tumour necrosis factor‐α‐independent activation of dendritic cells following treatment with <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> bacillus Calmette–Guérin (1999)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are most potent among the antigen-presenting cells and are believed to be crucial for the initiation of a primary T-cell response to foreign antigens. Mycobacterial infection within macrophages is controlled by cell-mediated immunity. To elucidate the stimulation of immune response by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), we purified DCs from precursor cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by culturing them with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) and characterized their surface antigen expression. The interaction of cultured DCs with BCG resulted in increased surface expression of several DC-related marker antigens. BCG also induced reduction of endocytosis, enhancement of CD83 expression as well as B7 costimulatory molecules and IL-12 production, suggesting that BCG treatment directly induces DCs to mature. BCG-treated DCs were much more potent antigen-presenting cells in allogeneic immune response than untreated DCs. Moreover, while the neutralization of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) significantly blocked the DC maturation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), it could not inhibit the induction of DC maturation by the BCG treatment, indicating that TNF-alpha production plays a minor role in the BCG-induced DC maturation. However, the neutralization of TNF-alpha resulted in decreased IL-12 production by activated DCs. These results suggest that infection with BCG might evoke direct activation and maturation of DC and the general immune stimulant effect of BCG might be related with the activation of DCs.
Songs in the Key of Z (Book) (2002)

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to reduce fat storage in cell culture and animal models. In the current study, the effects of CLA on the fat accumulation, activities, and proteomics were investigated using Caenorhabditis elegans. 100 µM CLA-TG nanoemulsion significantly reduced fat accumulation by 29% compared to linoleic acid (LA)-TG treatment via sir-2.1 (the ortholog of Sirtuin 1), without altering the worm size, growth rate, and pumping rate of C. elegans. CLA significantly increased moving speed and amplitude (the average centroid displacement over the entire track) of wild type worms compared to the LA group and these effects were dependent on aak-2 (AMPKα ortholog) and sir-2.1. Proteomics analysis showed CLA treatment influences various proteins associated in reproduction and development, translation, metabolic processes, and catabolism and proteolysis, in C. elegans. We have also confirmed the proteomics data that CLA reduced the fat accumulation via abs-1 (ATP Synthase B homolog). However, there were no significant effects of CLA on brood size, progeny numbers, and hatchability compared to LA treatment.
AUTONOMOUS SPEED SPRAYER GUIDANCE USING MACHINE VISION AND FUZZY LOGIC (1999)

A Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) was developed for autonomous operation of a speed sprayer in an orchard.The operation of the FLC was graphically simulated under the real condition of the orchard. Machine vision was used todetermine vehicle heading and four ultrasonic sensors were used to detect obstacles during the operation. Operation timeduration of the hydraulic cylinders was inferred as output of the FLC. The results of simulation showed that the speedsprayer could be operated autonomously by the FLC that used sensor inputs from machine vision and ultrasonic sensors.After the graphic simulation, autonomous speed sprayer operation in a real orchard was conducted using the developedFLC. Orchard image analysis and signals of ultrasonic sensors were processed in real time. The speed sprayer wasmodified to be steered by two hydraulic cylinders. The results of field test showed that the speed sprayer could beoperated by the FLC. The ultrasonic sensors didnt contribute to the improvement of guidance performance; however,they assisted the speed sprayer to avoid trees or obstacles in emergent situations.
Poly-arginine peptides reduce infarct volume in a permanent middle cerebral artery rat stroke model (2016)

While these findings confirm the in vivo neuroprotective properties of poly-arginine peptides, additional dose studies are required particularly in less severe transient MCAO models so as to further assess the potential of these agents as a stroke therapy.
Probabilistic Character Motion Synthesis using a Hierarchical Deep Latent Variable Model (2020)

Abstract We present a probabilistic framework to generate character animations based on weak control signals, such that the synthesized motions are realistic while retaining the stochastic nature of human movement. The proposed architecture, which is designed as a hierarchical recurrent model, maps each sub‐sequence of motions into a stochastic latent code using a variational autoencoder extended over the temporal domain. We also propose an objective function which respects the impact of each joint on the pose and compares the joint angles based on angular distance. We use two novel quantitative protocols and human qualitative assessment to demonstrate the ability of our model to generate convincing and diverse periodic and non‐periodic motion sequences without the need for strong control signals.
Cold Acclimation in <i>Arabidopsis</i> and Wheat (1990)

Changes in gene expression occur during cold acclimation in a wide variety of plant species. Here we show that a number of the polypeptides encoded by cold-regulated (cor) genes of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heyn) and wheat share the unusual biochemical property that they remain soluble upon boiling in aqueous solution. Further, cDNA cloning in conjunction with Southern and Northern analyses indicate that wheat has a cor gene that is related to Arabidopsis cor47, a gene encoding a 47 kilodalton ;boiling-stable' COR polypeptide. We suggest it is likely that the boiling-stable COR polypeptides have a fundamental role in plants acclimating to cold temperatures and discuss the possibility that they may act as cryoprotectants.
WILHELM SCHULE Y LA PREHISTORIA DEL SURESTE DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA (1997)

Wilhelm Schule developed an intensive research period on the Prehistory of the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula in the sixties, during the simultaneous digging campaigns in the Copper and Bronze Age settlement of Cerro de la Virgen (Orce, Grenada), in 1963, 1965, 1967 and 1970. Within an interpretive model that presupposes the &val of Copper Age colonists from the Eastern Mediterranean, emphasized the economic aspects about the interaction of the man with his ecological environment: the irrigation, the importance of the livestock resources, the domestication of the horse, the metallurgy of the copper, and particularly, the impact of the improvement of the navigation in the increase of the comrnercial contacts between the Mediterranean.
Physiological Measurements of Walking and Running in People With Transtibial Amputations With 3 Different Prostheses (1999)

The Re-Flex VSP appears to have a positive effect on energy cost, efficiency, and relative exercise intensity compared with the other prosthetic foot types during walking and running.
Intergenic variants of <i>HBS1L-MYB</i> are responsible for a major quantitative trait locus on chromosome 6q23 influencing fetal hemoglobin levels in adults (2007)

Individual variation in fetal hemoglobin (HbF, alpha(2)gamma(2)) response underlies the remarkable diversity in phenotypic severity of sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia. HbF levels and HbF-associated quantitative traits (e.g., F cell levels) are highly heritable. We have previously mapped a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling F cell levels in an extended Asian-Indian kindred with beta thalassemia to a 1.5-Mb interval on chromosome 6q23, but the causative gene(s) are not known. The QTL encompasses several genes including HBS1L, a member of the GTP-binding protein family that is expressed in erythroid progenitor cells. In this high-resolution association study, we have identified multiple genetic variants within and 5' to HBS1L at 6q23 that are strongly associated with F cell levels in families of Northern European ancestry (P = 10(-75)). The region accounts for 17.6% of the F cell variance in northern Europeans. Although mRNA levels of HBS1L and MYB in erythroid precursors grown in vitro are positively correlated, only HBS1L expression correlates with high F cell alleles. The results support a key role for the HBS1L-related genetic variants in HbF control and illustrate the biological complexity of the mechanism of 6q QTL as a modifier of fetal hemoglobin levels in the beta hemoglobinopathies.
Power Transformer Tank Rupture and Mitigation—A Summary of Current State of Practice and Knowledge by the Task Force of IEEE Power Transformer Subcommittee (2009)

Ten presentations made by members of the IEEE Task Force on Transformer Tank Rupture and Mitigation over a course of four Transformer Committee meetings have been summarized. The task force was established in 2005 with an aim to review the current state of practice and knowledge for transformer tank rupture and mitigation, as well as to determine if this issue has been adequately covered by existing IEEE standards. The mechanics of transformer tank rupture, current IEEE standards on this issue, as well as various methods for preventing or mitigating tank rupture were presented and discussed. There were 81 registered members in the Task Force. The aim of this paper is to provide a description of all existing methods and technologies to prevent or mitigate transformer tank rupture. The paper does not endorse any particular product or method.
Superconducting quantum metamaterials in 3D: possible realizations (2012)

Quantum metamaterials extend the concept of metamaterials to the case where an artificial optical (in the broad sense) medium can maintain global quantum coherence over times exceeding the traversal time of an electromagnetic signal and the quantum states of their building blocks can be externally controlled. So far 1D and 2D quantum metamaterials have been contemplated. Here we discuss the possible realizations of a 3D quantum metamaterial based on a network on current-biased Josephson junctions (phase qubits).
Using statistical data for context sensitive pervasive advertising (2014)

Smartphones are available anytime and anywhere, enabling applications to determine the user location. In a previous work, we demonstrate how we ca use this information for inferring the age, gender, and social class based on the places visited by the user. In this work, we investigate the hypothesis that it is possible to deliver relevant advertisements based on statistical data, associated with basic customer information inferred from location. To validate our hypothesis, we conducted an experiment comparing the relevance of the advertisements of our approach with collaborative filtering.
Molecular Modeling of the Three-Dimensional Structure of Dopamine 3 (D<sub>3</sub>) Subtype Receptor:  Discovery of Novel and Potent D<sub>3</sub>Ligands through a Hybrid Pharmacophore- and Structure-Based Database Searching Approach (2003)

The dopamine 3 (D3) subtype receptor has been implicated in several neurological conditions, and potent and selective D3 ligands may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of drug addiction, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. In this paper, we report computational homology modeling of the D3 receptor based upon the high-resolution X-ray structure of rhodopsin, extensive structural refinement in the presence of explicit lipid bilayer and water environment, and validation of the refined D3 structural models using experimental data. We further describe the development, validation, and application of a hybrid computational screening approach for the discovery of several classes of novel and potent D3 ligands. This computational approach employs stepwise pharmacophore and structure-based searching of a large three-dimensional chemical database for the identification of potential D3 ligands. The obtained hits are then subjected to structural novelty screening, and the most promising compounds are tested in a D3 binding assay. Using this approach we identified four compounds with K(i) values better than 100 nM and eight compounds with K(i) values better than 1 microM out of 20 compounds selected for testing in the D3 receptor binding assay. Our results suggest that the D3 structural models obtained from this study may be useful for the discovery and design of novel and potent D3 ligands. Furthermore, the employed hybrid approach may be more effective for lead discovery from a large chemical database than either pharmacophore-based or structure-based database screening alone.
Dynamic molecular oxygen production in cometary comae (2017)

Abundant molecular oxygen was discovered in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Its origin was ascribed to primordial gaseous O<sub>2</sub> incorporated into the nucleus during the comet's formation. This thesis was put forward after discounting several O<sub>2</sub> production mechanisms in comets, including photolysis and radiolysis of water, solar wind-surface interactions and gas-phase collisions. Here we report an original Eley-Rideal reaction mechanism, which permits direct O<sub>2</sub> formation in single collisions of energetic water ions with oxidized cometary surface analogues. The reaction proceeds by H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>+</sup> abstracting a surface O-atom, then forming an excited precursor state, which dissociates to produce O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>. Subsequent photo-detachment leads to molecular O<sub>2</sub>, whose presence in the coma may thus be linked directly to water molecules and their interaction with the solar wind. This abiotic O<sub>2</sub> production mechanism is consistent with reported trends in the 67P coma and raises awareness of the role of energetic negative ions in comets.
Silencing Nogo‐A promotes functional recovery in demyelinating disease (2009)

Silencing Nogo-A in EAE promotes functional recovery. The therapeutic benefit appears to be mediated by axonal growth and repair, and is not attributable to changes in the encephalitogenic capacity of the myelin-specific T cells. Silencing Nogo-A may be a therapeutic option for MS patients to prevent permanent functional deficits caused by immune-mediated axonal damage.
Product mass transfer resistance directly determined during freeze-drying cycle runs using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) and pore diffusion model (2010)

The pore diffusion model is used to express the dry layer mass transfer resistance, [Formula: see text], as a function of the ratio r(e)/?, where r(e) is the effective pore radius and ? is the tortuosity factor of the dry layer. Using this model, the effective pore radius of the dry layer can be estimated from the sublimation rate and product temperature profiles measured during primary drying. Freeze-drying cycle runs were performed using the LyoStar II dryer (FTS Systems), with real-time sublimation rate profiles during freeze drying continuously measured by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). The formulations chosen for demonstration of the proposed approach include 5% mannitol, 5% sucrose, 5% lactose, 3% mannitol plus 2% sucrose, and a parenteral nutrition formulation denoted VitaM12. The three different methods used for determination of the product resistance are: (1) Using both the sublimation rate and product temperature profiles, (2) using the sublimation rate profile alone, and (3) using the product temperate profile alone. Unlike the second and third methods, the computation procedure of first method does not need solution of the complex heat and mass transfer equations.
A Novel Synchronization Scheme Based on a Dynamic Superframe for an Industrial Internet of Things in Underground Mining (2019)

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has a wide range of applications, such as intelligent manufacturing, production process optimization, production equipment monitoring, etc. Due to the complex circumstance in underground mining, the performance of WSNs faces enormous challenges, such as data transmission delay, packet loss rate, and so on. The MAC (Media Access Control) protocol based on TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) is an effective solution, but it needs to ensure the clock synchronization between the transmission nodes. As the key technology of IIoT, synchronization needs to consider the factors of tunnel structure, energy consumption, etc. Traditional synchronization methods, such as TPSN (Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks), RBS (Reference Broadcast Synchronization), mainly focus on improving synchronization accuracy, ignoring the impact of the actual environment, cannot be directly applied to the IIoT in underground mining. In underground mining, there are two kinds of nodes: base-station node and sensor node, which have different topologies, so they constitute a hybrid topology. In this paper, according to hybrid topology of unground mining, a clock synchronization scheme based on a dynamic superframe is designed. In this scheme, the base-station and sensor have different synchronization methods, improving the TPSN and RBS algorithm, respectively, and adjusts the period of the superframe dynamically by estimating the clock offset. The synchronization scheme presented in this paper can reduce the network communication overhead and energy consumption, ensuring the synchronization accuracy. Based on theCC2530 (Asystem-on-chip solution for IEEE 802.15.4, Zigbee and RF4CE applications), the experiments are compared and analyzed, including synchronization accuracy, energy consumption, and robustness tests. Experimental results show that the synchronization accuracy of the proposed method is at least 11% higher than that of the existing methods, and the energy consumption can be reduced by approximately 13%. At the same time, the proposed method has better robustness.
Design of tangent vector fields (2007)

Tangent vector fields are an essential ingredient in controlling surface appearance for applications ranging from anisotropic shading to texture synthesis and non-photorealistic rendering. To achieve a desired effect one is typically interested in smoothly varying fields that satisfy a sparse set of user-provided constraints. Using tools from Discrete Exterior Calculus, we present a simple and efficient algorithm for designing such fields over arbitrary triangle meshes. By representing the field as scalars over mesh edges (i.e., discrete 1-forms), we obtain an intrinsic, coordinate-free formulation in which field smoothness is enforced through discrete Laplace operators. Unlike previous methods, such a formulation leads to a linear system whose sparsity permits efficient pre-factorization. Constraints are incorporated through weighted least squares and can be updated rapidly enough to enable interactive design, as we demonstrate in the context of anisotropic texture synthesis.
LIPID AUTOXIDATION IN RICE (1976)

ABSTRACT When stored at room temperature in the dark, neither peroxide nor total carbonyls rose in raw lightly‐milled rice during 3 yr but parboiled rice became rancid in a few months. The rate of autoxidation was greatly increased when the samples were stored in thin layers in open dishes at a high temperature, but the effect of temperature was greater in raw rice than in parboiled rice. Exposure to light hastened the autoxidation in raw rice at room temperature; it had relatively less effect in parboiled rice or at a high temperature. A high (normal) moisture content delayed the onset of oxidation in lightly‐milled parboiled rice and delayed as well as suppressed it in raw rice, and vice versa. Surprisingly powdered raw rice autoxidized nearly as fast and as much as parboiled whole rice; but in parboiled rice grinding had only a moderate effect. The degree of milling had a dramatic effect on the autoxidation process in raw rice: unmilled rice was very stable, but the rate of oxidation increased sharply with increasing milling. In contrast, the degree of milling had little effect in parboiled rice. The reported presence of antioxidants in raw rice and their destruction in parboiled rice as well as the changed disposition of fat in the latter seem to be implicated with these results.
Mechanisms of heat damage in proteins (1976)

1. Studies have been made with solvent-extracted chicken muscle, bovine plasma albumin (BPA) and other proteins, all severely heated in the absence of carbohydrates so as to cause a large decrease in their fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB)-reactive lysine contents. 2. epsilon-N-(beta-L-aspartyl)-L-lysine and epsilon-N-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine isopeptides were determined after enzymic digestion of heated chicken muscle, and their content was found to increase as the material was subjected to more heat treatment. Heated chicken muscle was not found to contain lanthionine. Heated BPA, on the other hand, was found to contain lanthionine but not the isopeptides. Both lanthionine and isopeptide cross-linkages were detected in most of the other heated proteins. There was some difficulty in quantifying the amounts of isopeptides formed on heat treatment, because the enzymic digestion procedure used in their isolation appeared to be incomplete. Neither lysinoalanine nor ornithinoalanine was detected in any of the test materials.
An Eosin Y Method for Protein Determination in Solution (1999)

ABSTRACT A method for protein determination using eosin Y is described. Eosin Y reacts with proteins under acidic conditions and forms an intense pink proteineosin Y complex with an absorbance maximum of 535-545nm. The color produced from this reaction is stable and its absorbance increases proportionally over a wide range of protein concentrations (standard assay, 50-1000μg/ml of BSA; microassay, 1.25-50μg/ml of BSA). The eosin Y method can be performed at room temperature without further incubation after vortex mixing. The assay has advantages such as (i) simple procedures, (ii) stable dye-protein color with no precipitation of dye-protein complex for at least 72h, (iii) good reproducibility and (iv) rapid reaction. The characterization of the eosin Y method extends its best application to a routine protein determination in solution.
Lithium and hematopoiesis. (1983)

Some of lithium's effects on blood cell formation suggest that the element may be of value in treating hematologic disorders. Lithium enhances granulopoiesis and thereby induces neutrophilia. Two possible mechanisms of action are suggested: a direct action on the pluripotent stem cells, or an inhibition of the suppressor cells (thymus-dependent lymphocytes) that limit hematopoiesis. Lithium also inhibits erythropoiesis. Although most studies use concentrations at or above pharmacologic levels there is evidence that lithium plays a role in normal cell metabolism.
Opto-Electronic Properties of Poly (Fluorene) Co-Polymer Red Light-Emitting Devices on Flexible Plastic Substrate (2004)

In this paper, we report on the multilayer poly (fluorene) co-polymer red light-emitting devices (PLEDs) fabricated on flexible plastic substrates. An organic hole transport layer (HTL) is inserted between PEDOT:PSS hole injection (HIL) and light-emissive layers (LEL). Since the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the HTL is located between those of HIL and LEL, the insertion of HTL reduces the effective HOMO level offset between HIL and LEL, reducing the device operation voltage and producing comparable or better device efficiencies in comparison with the conventional PEDOT:PSS-only devices. Maximum emission efficiency, /spl sim/0.8 cd/A, power efficiency, /spl sim/0.7 lm/W, and external quantum efficiency, /spl sim/1.5%, have been obtained for multilayer red PLEDs.