gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vision assistance in scenes with extreme contrast (1993)

The performance and architecture of a high dynamic range camera (HDRC) chip and the conceptional advantages for its adaptation to image processing systems in traffic environments are discussed. The HDRC chip was developed with 64*64 pixels using a standard digital 1.2- mu m CMOS technology. It is shown that the implementation proves the functionality and indicates the system performance of a highly dynamic range camera is feasible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Presynaptic Gating of Postsynaptic Synaptic Plasticity (2013)

Sensory cortices can not only detect and analyze incoming sensory information but can also undergo plastic changes while learning behaviorally important sensory cues. This experience-dependent cortical plasticity is essential for shaping and modifying neuronal circuits to perform computations of multiple, previously unknown sensations, the adaptive process that is believed to underlie perceptual learning. Intensive efforts to identify the mechanisms of cortical plasticity have provided several important clues; however, the exact cellular sites and mechanisms within the intricate neuronal networks that underlie cortical plasticity have yet to be elucidated. In this review, we present several parallels between cortical plasticity in the auditory cortex and recently discovered mechanisms of synaptic plasticity gating at thalamocortical projections that provide the main input to sensory cortices. Striking similarities between the features and mechanisms of thalamocortical synaptic plasticity and those of experience-dependent cortical plasticity in the auditory cortex, especially in terms of regulation of an early critical period, point to thalamocortical projections as an important locus of plasticity in sensory cortices.
Behavior of cells at fluid interfaces. (1983)

We have cultured the murine cell lines 3T3-L1 and SV-T2 using as a substrate the layer of denatured protein that forms at the phase boundary between culture medium and fluorocarbon fluids. The growth patterns observed on these interfaces differ from those seen on conventional solid substrates. Depending on the cell strain and the composition of the fluorocarbon fluid, cells will tend to clump into isolated aggregates or form nearly confluent cell monolayers containing "lake-like" openings. We demonstrate that these growth patterns can be attributed to the ability of cultured cells to stress and break the protein monolayer on which they grow.
Tuning effect in enhanced gas dispersion under oscillatory conditions (1986)

It is shown that the effective axial dispersion coefficient for partially mixed gases confined to cylindrical tubes and subjected to sinusoidal oscillations reaches a maximum, at a constant oscillation frequency, when the Womersley number is equal to α=3.3. Such a tuned condition in oxygen–nitrogen mixtures corresponds, for example, to tubes of 2.0 mm in diameter when the oscillation frequency is 27.7 Hz and occurs when the time for gas diffusion from the tube axis to the walls is comparable with the oscillation period.
Silent speech generation using Brain Machine Interface (2013)

Silent speech generation is an intelligent idea that can possibly assist physically challenged people who cannot convey their information as an acoustic signal. Silent speech is generated by predicting the intended speech information which occurs as a result of neural activity involved in the process of speech production. The acquired speech is synthesized and given as a feedback to the user acoustically with the delay of 50ms. This paper briefly elucidate the process of acquiring neural signal, preprocessing and feature extracting for the production of speech signal by means of Brain Machine Interface.
High-Energy Corona for destruction of volatile organic contaminants in process off-gases (1992)

A small (2 scfm) High-Energy Corona (HEC) reactor was developed to produce a non-equilibrium plasma in a concentric-cylinder geometry. A volume-filling plasma was produced in a packed bed, and initial tests have demonstrated the ability to destroy up to 1500 ppM trichloroethylene at a flow rate of 1.4 scfm, with greater than 99% destruction observed. Destruction efficiency is examined as a function of inlet TCE concentration, bed height (residence time) and applied voltage. Hydrochloric acid appears to be the primary chlorinated byproduct, and can be removed by conventional wet or dry scrubbing.
Characterization of Dopamine−Melanin Growth on Silicon Oxide (2009)

It has recently been demonstrated that dopamine solutions put in contact with a variety of solid substrates allow the production of thin coatings probably made of melanin (Science 2007, 318, 426). In this article, we show that the thickness of these coatings can be controlled to allow a growth regime that is proportional to the reaction time if fresh dopamine is regularly provided. We propose that the growth is initiated by the adsorption of a radical compound. When dopamine polymerization or aggregation has reached a steady state in solution, the produced species do not adhere anymore to the substrate, emphasizing the role played by unoxidized dopamine. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the thickness of the deposit increases linearly with the number of immersion steps, but the thickness measured in ultravacuum is about 4 times smaller than the thickness measured by ellipsometry in conditions of ambient humidity. This suggests that the drying of the deposit has a considerable influence on its properties. The Si2p signal characteristic of the silicon substrate decreases progressively when the number of deposition steps increases but does vanish even after 32 deposition steps. This observation will be discussed with respect to the formation of a continuous film. Cyclic voltammetry experiments showed that a deposit impermeable to ferrocyanide is obtained after the immersion in nine freshly prepared dopamine solutions, demonstrating the formation of a film. The atomic composition of the film determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is compatible with that of melanin. Finally, we show that the deposit can be quantitatively removed from the substrate when put in a strongly alkaline solution.
One-Pot Synthesis of Gold Nanorods by Ultrasonic Irradiation: The Effect of pH on the Shape of the Gold Nanorods and Nanoparticles (2009)

A novel one-pot synthesis method to prepare gold nanorods was developed by using sonochemical reduction of gold ions in aqueous solution. The size of the sonochemically formed gold nanorods was less than 50 nm, and their average aspect ratio decreased with increasing pH of the solution. The aspect ratio measured was 3.0 at pH 3.5, 2.2 at pH 5.0, and 2.1 at pH 6.5. At pH 7.7, irregular shaped gold nanoparticles were formed. At pH 9.8, most of the particles formed had a spherical shape with a smaller particle size than those formed in the lower pH solutions. Based on the obtained results, it was clear that the size and shape of the sonochemically formed gold nanoparticles are dramatically dependent on the pH value of the solution.
Pathways to sustainability in chemical engineering education (2013)

Incorporating sustainability into chemical engineering practice extends system boundaries beyond a process plant to include product life cycles, utility systems, and interdependent plants. Evaluation incorporates technical, economic, safety, environmental and social criteria as well as extended time horizons. Education should include concepts, strategies, and evaluations for achieving sustainability to reflect this, supported by case examples and project work. The 'big picture' nature of sustainability is a separate culture from the rigours of conventional chemical engineering fundamentals. Timing the introduction of sustainability into undergraduate courses should be tackled thoughtfully. Achieving sustainability requires design skills, which demand knowledge of both fundamentals and the design process. Many waste sources originate from non-ideal situations, such as side reactions, imperfect separations, regeneration or disposal of catalysts and adsorbents, fugitive emissions, and product distribution. Ideal systems should be secure in the learning process, before non-ideal cases are addressed, suggesting later placements in undergraduate courses. Aspects of sustainability more applicable to earlier placement in undergraduate courses include sustainability concepts, utility systems, and the linking of life cycle inventory data with mass and energy balances. Advanced techniques of heat and mass integration for single and integrated plants are best tackled at advanced undergraduate or post graduate levels. Several knowledge areas could usefully be introduced as precursors to sustainable process engineering to broaden the scientific base for assessment. These include the science of environmental damage forms, natural cycles, for example for carbon and water, and characteristics of fuel, mineral, water, and agricultural resources.
The reaction of hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium with carbon monoxide, and of the reaction products, hydridodicarbonylbis(triphenylphosphine)rhodium and dimeric species, with hydrogen (1968)

A detailed study has been made, using infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, of the interaction of carbon monoxide and hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I), RhH(CO)(PPh3)3. The latter, which dissociates in solution to the square complex trans-RhH(CO)PPh3)2, initially forms the dicarbonyl complex RhH(CO)2(PPh3)2; in the presence of CO, this species loses hydrogen to give a yellow dimeric complex (Ph3P)2(CO)Rh(CO)2Rh(CO)(PPh3)2. These reactions are reversed by hydrogen to re-form RhH(CO)(PPh3)2. By sweeping with an inert gas, the yellow dimer loses carbon monoxide to form a red, solvated dimer, (Ph3P)2(S)Rh(CO)2Rh(S)(PPh3)2, which reacts with carbon monoxide to re-form the yellow dimer.
Shoot and Root Growth and Yield of Eggplant Cultivars as Affected by Wilt Disease (2011)

An experiment was conducted in the Field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to screen out the resistant cultivars of eggplant against wilt disease. Eight cultivars viz. Nayantara, Singhnath, Dhundul, Kazla, Marich Begun Luffa, Kata Begun and Uttara were used as treatments. The highest shoot height was recorded in the cultivar Kata Begun and the lowest shoot height was recorded in the cultivar Singhnath. The highest gall number was recorded in the cultivar Luffa and the lowest gall number was recorded in the cultivar Kata Begun. The highest yield per hectare (29.84 t/ha) was recorded in the cultivar Nayantara and the lowest yield (10.50 t/ha) was recorded in the cultivar Dhundhul. Among the cultivars Kata Begun graded as resistant for both Bacterial, Fungal and Nemic wilt.
Optimal universal schedules for discrete broadcast (2004)

This paper investigates an efficient scheduling for sending dynamic data over lossless broadcast channels. A server transmits dynamic data periodically to a number of passive clients and thus the updated discrete packets are sent into a separate packet. The objective of this paper is to design universal schedules that minimize the time that passes between a client's request and the broadcast of a new item, independently of the client's behavior. From the results the optimal scheduling of high transmission rate for discrete broadcast data is obtained by considering adaptive clients.
Some phonetic recognition experiments using artificial neural nets (2003)

This paper is concerned with the application of artificial neural nets to phonetic recognition. The goal is to investigate how the framework of multilayer perceptrons can be exploited in speech recognition when the are augmented with acoustic-phonetic knowledge. Major issues as the choice of the error metric, the use of contextual information, and determination of the training procedure are investigated within a set of experiments that attempt to recognize the 16 vowels in American English. The results, based on some 10000 vowel tokens excised from 1000 sentences spoken by 200 speakers, indicate that a top-choice accuracy of 54% and 67% can be achieved for the context-independent and -dependent networks, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inositol: effects on oocyte quality in patients undergoing ICSI. An open study. (2013)

Relying on "inositol help" to solidify our efforts, seems to be an easy path to help to deepen the effectiveness of its use in all patients still under 40 but with prior failed attempts at ICSI or diagnosed with PCOS or as "poor responders".
Purification of beta-toxin from Clostridium perfringens type C (1977)

Beta-toxin was purified about 340-fold from culture supernatant fluid of Clostridium perfringens type C with a yield of about 24% in terms of biologically active beta-toxin. The purification involved ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration through Sephadex G-100, isoelectrofocusing in a pH 3 to 6 gradient, and immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified beta-toxin gave a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Young Adults with Ischemic Stroke: Promises and Concerns (1995)

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a valuable and sensitive test to screen for embolic cardiac lesions. This procedure is recommended for the evaluation of most young adults with ischemic stroke. However, several questions about the role of TEE need to be addressed. Large studies that clarify the influence of the results of TEE on management are needed. Additional data about the importance of some of the findings are also needed. The prevalence and significance of TEE-detected abnormalities such as atrial septal aneurysm, patent foramen ovale, left atrial turbulence, left atrial appendage thrombi, Lambl’s excrescence, or a Chiari network among young adults require definition. Thereafter, clinical trials can test interventions for primary or secondary prevention of stroke in these cohorts.
Regulated expression of CD36 during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation: potential role of CD36 in foam cell formation (1996)

CD36 is an 88-kD integral membrane glycoprotein expressed on monocytes, platelets, and certain microvascular endothelium serving distinct cellular functions both as an adhesive receptor for thrombospondin, collagen, and Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes, and as a scavenger receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein and apoptotic neutrophils. In this study, we examined the expression of CD36 during in vitro differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes into culture-derived macrophages. Steady-state mRNA levels of CD36 showed a transient eightfold increase during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, peaking at the early macrophage stage (days 3 or 4 in culture), following a gradual decrease back to baseline levels by the mature macrophage stage (days 7 or 8 in culture). Immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies to CD36 supported this transient, yet significant (8- to 10-fold) increase in total protein levels of CD36. The increased CD36 protein was observed at the plasma membrane, whereas an intracellular pool of CD36 was also detected from day 2 to day 6 in culture through indirect immunofluorescence. A concomitant twofold increase in the cells' ability to bind 125I-thrombospondin at the early macrophage stage (day 4) verified the functional competency of the plasma membrane localized CD36, and supported the presence of an intracellular pool of CD36. The in vitro differentiated macrophages as well as alveolar macrophages remained responsive to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), a known transcriptional regulator of monocyte CD36. The M-CSF-induced macrophages resulted in enhanced foam cell formation, which was inhibitable with monoclonal antibodies to CD36. Thus, the transient expression of CD36 during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, and the ability of M-CSF to maintain macrophage CD36 at elevated levels, may serve as a critical process in dictating the functional activity of CD36 during inflammatory responses and atherogenesis.
Technical Textiles: 30% Growth in the First Half Year (2010)

Cinte Techtextil China 2010 will return to Shanghai from October 19th–21st, presenting opportunities for China’s ever-growing nonwovens and technical textiles industries. What’s about the status quo of the technical textile industry in China in the first half year of 2010
A 242mW 10mm<sup>2</sup> 1080p H.264/AVC High-Profile Encoder Chip (2008)

High-profile H.264 has been adopted as the major coding standard in popular high definition video due to its excellent coding efficiency. Several implementations have been developed ((Y. W. Huang, et al., 2005), (H.C. Chang, et al., 2007), (T.C. Chen, et al., 2007)), but, their performance is limited to baseline 720p (Y. W. Huang, et al., 2005),(H.C. Chang, et al., 2007) or SDTV (T.C. Chen, et al., 2007). The main stream 1080p high-profile application presents a series of new design challenges in throughput, cost and power because of at least a 4x higher complexity than in the 720p baseline. Thus, a 0.13mum 1080p high-profile H.264 video encoder is presented with 10mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> core and 242 mW power. Compared to a state-of-the-art 720p baseline design (H.C. Chang, et al., 2007), this design achieves a 46.7% and 54% reduction in area and power, respectively. These savings are from parallelism enhanced throughput and a cross-stage sharing pipeline.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF MAN-MADE CELLULOSE FIBRES (2010)

The production of textile materials has undergone dramatic changes in the last century. Man-made cellulose fibres have played an important role for more than 70 years. Today, the man-made cellulose fibre industry is the worldwide second largest biorefinery (next to the paper industry). In the last few years, the interest in man-made cellulose fibres has grown as a consequence of increased environmental awareness and the depletion of fossil fuels. However, an environmental assessment of modern man-made cellulose fibres has not been conducted so far. The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental impact of man-made cellulose fibres. Five staple fibre products, i.e., 1) Lenzing Viscose Asia, 2) Lenzing Viscose Austria, 3) Lenzing Modal, 4) Tencel Austria, and 5) Tencel Austria 2012, are analysed by means of Life cycle assessment (LCA). The system boundary is cradle to factory gate. We compare the results with conventional cotton, novel bio-based fibres (PLA fibres), and fossil fuel-based fibres (PET and PP). The inventory data for the production of man-made cellulose fibres were provided by Lenzing AG. The inventory data for cotton, PET, PP, and PLA were obtained from literature sources. The environmental indicators analysed include resources and the impact categories covered by CML 2000 baseline method. The indicators for resources include non-renewable energy use (NREU), renewable energy use (REU), cumulative energy demand (CED), water use, and land use. The environmental impact indicators covered by the CML method are global warming potential (GWP) 100a, abiotic depletion, ozone layer depletion, human toxicity, fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, and eutrophication. In addition, the system boundary of cradle to factory gate plus end-of-life waste management was analysed for NREU and GWP. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses have been carried out to understand the influence of various assumptions and allocation methods. The LCA results show that Lenzing Viscose Austria and Lenzing Modal offer environmental benefits in all categories (except for land use and water use) compared to Lenzing Viscose Asia. Tencel Austria 2012, Lenzing Viscose Austria, Lenzing Modal, and Tencel Austria are the most favourable choices from an environmental point of view among all the fibres studied. These four man-made cellulose fibres offer important benefits for reducing NREU, GWP, toxicity impacts, water use, and land use. Lenzing Viscose Asia has higher impacts than the other man-made cellulose fibres with regard to NREU, GWP, abiotic depletion, photochemical oxidation, and acidification. Cotton is identified as the least preferred choice due to its high ecotoxicity impacts, eutrophication, water use, land use, and relatively low land use efficiencies.
Initial frequency acquisition in W-CDMA (2005)

In this paper, methods of estimating the initial frequency error are proposed and evaluated for a mobile station (MS) operated in a wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) system. It is assumed that the initial frequency error of a MS can be as large as /spl plusmn/20 kHz due to the inaccuracy of the crystal oscillator. The proposed methods are based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique with quadratic interpolation in the frequency domain to improve the accuracy of frequency estimation. It is found that the proposed FFT based algorithms achieve much better performance when compared to a differential phase detection approach.
Expanded microbial genome coverage and improved protein family annotation in the COG database (2014)

Microbial genome sequencing projects produce numerous sequences of deduced proteins, only a small fraction of which have been or will ever be studied experimentally. This leaves sequence analysis as the only feasible way to annotate these proteins and assign to them tentative functions. The Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs) database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/COG/), first created in 1997, has been a popular tool for functional annotation. Its success was largely based on (i) its reliance on complete microbial genomes, which allowed reliable assignment of orthologs and paralogs for most genes; (ii) orthology-based approach, which used the function(s) of the characterized member(s) of the protein family (COG) to assign function(s) to the entire set of carefully identified orthologs and describe the range of potential functions when there were more than one; and (iii) careful manual curation of the annotation of the COGs, aimed at detailed prediction of the biological function(s) for each COG while avoiding annotation errors and overprediction. Here we present an update of the COGs, the first since 2003, and a comprehensive revision of the COG annotations and expansion of the genome coverage to include representative complete genomes from all bacterial and archaeal lineages down to the genus level. This re-analysis of the COGs shows that the original COG assignments had an error rate below 0.5% and allows an assessment of the progress in functional genomics in the past 12 years. During this time, functions of many previously uncharacterized COGs have been elucidated and tentative functional assignments of many COGs have been validated, either by targeted experiments or through the use of high-throughput methods. A particularly important development is the assignment of functions to several widespread, conserved proteins many of which turned out to participate in translation, in particular rRNA maturation and tRNA modification. The new version of the COGs is expected to become an important tool for microbial genomics.
1&#x03BB; &#x00D7; 224 Gb/s 10 km transmission of polarization division multiplexed PAM-4 signals using 1.3 &#x03BC;m SiP intensity modulator and a direct-detection MIMO-based receiver (2014)

Enabled by MIMO DSP and direct-detection receiver, two polarization states of a single laser are intensity modulated with 56 Gbaud PAM-4 signal using a packaged 1310 nm SiP modulator to transmit 224 Gb/s over 10 km with BER of 3×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> .