gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement and Analysis of Wireless Channel Impairments in DSRC Vehicular Communications (2008)

We present a GPS-enabled channel sounding platform for measuring both vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to- roadside wireless channels. This platform was used to conduct an extensive field measurement campaign involving vehicular wireless channels across a wide variety of speeds and line-of-sight conditions. From the data, we present statistical characterizations of several classes of these channels at 5.9 GHz. This analysis suggests that while the proposed DSRC standard may account for Doppler and delay spreads in vehicular channels, large packets may face higher error rates due to time-varying channels.
CIM Lead-in Based on Java Reflection Mechanism in AEMS of Shanghai Power Grid (2007)

To enhance the extensibility and reusability of data exchange of the common information model(CIM),a new solution for model lead-in based on the Java reflection mechanism is proposed in this paper,which is also designed for the AEMS data platform of Shanghai power grid.The proposed solution has overcome the main difficulties due to the difference of CIM versions and comprehensions of EMS manufacturers achieving remarkable interoperability.It is composed of three main parts,parsing of XML file based on CIM,verification of model observability and development of the run-time model.It can be arranged on the AMES data platform to perform data exchange with the EMS system of different manufacturers.The extensibility,reusability and efficiency of the solution are verified by test statistics.
Pathogenesis of sciatic pain: role of herniated nucleus pulposus and deformation of spinal nerve root and dorsal root ganglion (1998)

The basic pathophysiologic mechanisms related to disc herniation and sciatica are poorly understood. Recently it was demonstrated that nucleus pulposus from an intervertebral disc could induce structural and functional changes in adjacent nerve roots when applied epidurally, however, it is not known if such changes are painful. In a model for inducing disc herniation in the rat, we found that puncture of a lumbar disc with subsequent herniation of nucleus pulposus without nerve root compression, or chronic displacement of the 4th lumbar nerve root and ganglion, did not individually induce significant changes in thresholds for mechanical or thermal stimulation compared to sham-operated animals. However, the combination of disc puncture and displacement induced a reduction of the threshold for thermal stimulation, indicating hyperalgesia, that was present 2 days after surgery and gradually recovered during a 14-day period. These data and the associated description of this new model for experimental disc herniation may increase our understanding of the pathophysiologic events leading to sciatica and help in evaluating new modalities for diagnosis and treatment of disc herniation and sciatica.
OUTCOMES OF A PROSPECTIVE OPEN–LABEL INVESTIGATION OF THE NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DUPUYTREN'S CONTRACTURE WITH COLLAGENASE CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTICUM - XIAPEX (2013)

Xiapex is a novel non-surgical intervention for the treatment of Dupuytren9s contracture. It comprises a fixed-ratio mixture of two purified collagenolytic enzymes (AUX-I [clostridial type I collegenase] and AUX II [clostridial type II collagenase]) isolated from the medium of Clostridium histolyticum . Xiapex targets the contracture through the injection of enzymes into the pathologic diseased cords. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Xiapex in patients with Dupuytren9s Contracture, the recovery and associated use of health care resources. The study commenced in June 2011 and was completed in 11 months. 15 patients were screened for the study, 12 patients were eligible (10 male:2 female). All 12 patients completed the trial and 2 patients received multiple injections, one had two fingers affected and the other had two joints affected in one finger. Following screening visit to determine patient suitability, the patient received their first injection usually within 7 days. Xiapex was injected directly into the palpable cord. 24 hours after injection patients were reviewed and a “finger extension procedure” was performed if the cord had not spontaneously ruptured. Patients were then followed up at 7 days, 30 days and 6 months. Assessments at each visits included: Finger Goniometry, Physician and Subject Global Assessment and Satisfaction, Health Care Resource Utilization and URAM (function assessment) and adverse events. Of the 14 cords injected all ruptured after finger extension. No patient experienced any serious adverse events, but a number of more minor adverse events were recorded including skin tears, pain at injection site, swelling and bruising. At the time of final follow-up recurrence rates were 14% In conclusion, Xiapex is suitable for appropriately selected patients who are affected by Dupuytren9s contractures and who have a well-developed palpable cord.
Toward a redefinition of yes/no questions (1984)

While both theoretical and empirical studies of question-answering have revealed the inadequacy of traditional definitions of yes-no questions (YNQs), little progress has been made toward a more satisfactory redefinition. This paper reviews the limitations of several proposed revisions. It proposes a new definition of YNQs based upon research on a type of conversational implicature, termed here scalar implicature, that helps define appropriate responses to YNQs. By representing YNQs as scalar queries it is possible to support a wider variety of system and user responses in a principled way.
Adrenal and Steroidal Cell Antibodies in Patients with Autoimmune Polyglandular Disease Type I and Risk of Adrenocortical and Ovarian Failure* (1987)

Thirty-one patients with autoimmune polyglandular disease type I who initially had no adrenocortical and/or ovarian failure were followed for 1.2-12.1 yr (mean, 8.3) by determinations of adrenal (AA) and steroidal cell antibodies (SCA) and functional tests. Adrenocortical failure developed in 13 and ovarian failure in 11 patients. SCA or AA preceded adrenocortical failure in 12 of the 13 patients and were found in 2 of 9 patients (so far) who still have normal adrenal function (P = 0.001). SCA preceded ovarian failure in all 11 patients and were found in 6 of 11 patients who still have normal ovarian function (P = 0.02). The sensitivities/specificities/predictive values were 0.77/0.78/0.90 in all patients for SCA predicting adrenocortical failure, and 0.92/0.89/0.92 for adrenal-binding antibody (which includes all AA and most SCA) in predicting adrenocortical failure. The sensitivities/specificities/predictive values in females who initially had normal adrenocortical and ovarian function were 1.0/0.56/0.50 for SCA in predicting ovarian failure, 0.86/0.83/0.86 for SCA in predicting adrenocortical failure, and 1.0/1.0/1.0 for adrenal-binding antibody in predicting adrenocortical failure. Thus, the appearance of AA or SCA in a male patient without adrenocortical failure or a female patient without adrenocortical or ovarian failure signals a high risk of their development.
Global view regarding links of a wireless local area network (2002)

[BWe are developing a solution to monitor multi-hop wireless LANs. In this paper, we first identify the constraints that are specific to our scope area: the range and quality of links are modified as time and position change. This has led us to a moving topology characterized by the existence of links and their quality values between a given emitter and receiver. A station can know some of its neighbouring links and the given associated information. These data constitute a local view for each station. A local view is defined using listening MPDUs which are specific to multi-hop networks, and also using inference rules. We present the global view required by stations monitoring the network. It is built up and updated from extracts of local views. The proposed functional architecture benefits from management principles and aims to reach a solution that could be extended (analysing various multi-hop networks, monitoring other parameters...). This preliminary paper draws the shape of the tool that we are developing and characterizes network topology from a quality point of view.
LOWER EXTREMITY FUNCTION ASSESSED BY A 4-METER WALK IN PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE PATIENTS 46 (1996)

Short walking tests have been used to assess lower extremity function in the elderly. It has been demonstrated that individuals who walk at a slow rate have a high risk of subsequent mobility-related disability. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) patients may be unable to ambulate as well as non-PAOD subjects even before claudication symptoms occur. Therefore, this study compared the time to complete a 4-meter walk test in participants with and without PAOD. The ages of the PAOD patients (N = 113) and the non-PAOD subjects (N = 110) were 66.7 ± 9.1 years and 63.9 ± 8.6 years, respectively. The resting ankle/brachial systolic pressure indices (ABI) of the two groups were 0.61 ± 0.21 and 1.15 ± 0.13. The 4-meter walk test was administered twice in one day, separated by one minute. The average of the two walking times in the PAOD and non-PAOD groups were 4.08± 1.20 seconds and 3.39 ± 0.77 seconds (p < 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, the 4-meter walking time correlated with ABI (r =-0.36, p < 0.001) in the total group (N = 213), indicating that those with higher ABI values walked fastest. It is concluded that PAOD patients walk slower than their non-PAOD counterparts on a short walking test of four meters. Consequently, PAOD patients may be at high risk of developing subsequent mobility-related disability.
Research of Measurement for Digital Image Definition (2004)

Evaluation of definition for gray scale digital image is an important aspect of digital imaging system. Thus, in order to evaluate the definition of a gray scale image accurately and effectively, we present a new approach based on EVA method which, while retaining important features of existing method, overcomes some of their limitation. With curvilinear regression analysis we can prove that the result of the new approach is high correlation with MTF measured by optical instrument, in other words, the new method is sensitive to the change of image definition. When compared with traditional method, the result of analysis can also show that the new method is better than traditional method, such as entropy, to assess gray scale digital image definition. Experiments using hundreds of many kinds of gray scale digital image and the result of this new approach is well accurate to the change of definition of digital image. Form these we can also draw a conclusion that the new approach can be well applied to many kinds of gray scale digital image accurately and effectively.
The α chain of laminin-1 is independently secreted and drives secretion of its β- and γ-chain partners (1997)

A mammalian recombinant strategy was established to dissect rules of basement membrane laminin assembly and secretion. The alpha-, beta-, and gamma-chain subunits of laminin-1 were expressed in all combinations, transiently and/or stably, in a near-null background. In the absence of its normal partners, the alpha chain was secreted as intact protein and protein that had been cleaved in the coiled-coil domain. In contrast, the beta and gamma chains, expressed separately or together, remained intracellular with formation of betabeta or betagamma, but not gammagamma, disulfide-linked dimers. Secretion of the beta and gamma chains required simultaneous expression of all three chains and their assembly into alphabetagamma heterotrimers. Epitope-tagged recombinant alpha subunit and recombinant laminin were affinity-purified from the conditioned medium of alphagamma and alphabetagamma clones. Rotary-shadow electron microscopy revealed that the free alpha subunit is a linear structure containing N-terminal and included globules with a foreshortened long arm, while the trimeric species has the typical four-arm morphology of native laminin. We conclude that the alpha chain can be delivered to the extracellular environment as a single subunit, whereas the beta and gamma chains cannot, and that the alpha chain drives the secretion of the trimeric molecule. Such an alpha-chain-dependent mechanism could allow for the regulation of laminin export into a nascent basement membrane, and might serve an important role in controlling basement membrane formation.
Structure of the crystalline bilayer in the subgel phase of dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (1986)

The structure of the subgel phase of dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction techniques. Diffraction recorded from highly oriented DPPG specimens in the subgel phase extends to 2-A resolution. There are sharp lamellar reflections on the meridian, and other reflections lie on a series of wide-angle lattice lines parallel to the meridian and crossing the equator in the range of 8-2 A. The wide-angle lattice lines consist of radially sharp reflections centered on the equator of the X-ray film and also a series of broader, off-equatorial maxima. The lattice lines indicate that the DPPG molecules in each bilayer crystallize in a two-dimensional oblique lattice with dimensions a = 5.50 A, b = 7.96 A, and gamma = 100.5 degrees. These oblique lattices are not regularly aligned from bilayer to bilayer. Analysis of the lamellar diffraction shows that the bilayer has about the same thickness in the subgel and gel (L beta') phases. In the direction normal to the hydrocarbon chains, the chains are significantly closer together in the subgel phase as compared to the normal L beta' gel phase but have about the same separation as the chains in polyethylene and the crystalline n-alkanes. The bilayer thickness, area per lipid molecule, and intensity distribution along the lattice lines all indicate that in the subgel phase the hydrocarbon chains are tilted between 30 and 35 degrees from the normal to the bilayer plane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Borverbindungen, X<sup>1)</sup>. Reaktionen von Organoboranen mit Chelatbildnern (1965)

Abstract Einige organische Bor‐Heterocyclen mit verschiedenartigen BC‐Bindungen (Borolane, Borinane, endo ‐Borverbindungen, 1‐Bora‐indane, 1‐Bora‐tetraline) sowie Trialkyl‐ und Triaryl‐borane werden mit Acetylaceton unter Spaltung einer BC‐Bindung zu den Acetylacetonaten (z. B. 1, 5, 8, 11 ) umgesetzt. Bei der Reaktion des Diborans, der Alkyldiborane und des 1.2‐Diphenyl‐diborans mit verschiedenen H‐aciden Verbindungen (Acetylaceton, Benzoin, 8‐Hydroxy‐chinolin) entstehen durch Protonolyse und Hydroborierung (zum Teil chelatartige) Derivate von Alkyl(aryl)‐borsäuren.
Optimizing State-Intensive Non-Blocking Queries Using Run-time Adaptation (2007)

Main memory is a critical resource when processing non-blocking queries with state intensive operators that require real-time responses. While partitioned parallel processing can alleviate the stringent memory demands in some cases, in general even in a distributed system main memory remains bounded. In this work, we thus investigate the integration of two run-time adaptation techniques, namely, state spill to disk and state relocation to an alternate machine, to handle this memory shortage problem. We analyze the tradeoffs regarding key factors affecting these two run-lime operator state adaptation techniques in a modern compute-cluster environment. Two strategics, lazy-disk and active-disk, are then proposed that integrate both state spill and state relocation adaptations with different emphasis on local versus global decision making. Extensive experiments of the proposed query processing system conducted on a compute-cluster (not merely a simulation) confirm the effectiveness of these strategies.
An Easy Cricothyrotomy Approach: The Rapid Four‐step Technique (1996)

A simplified 4-step cricothyrotomy technique is described. The procedure can be completed in < 30 seconds without use of suction or additional light source. The only equipment needed is a #20 scalpel, a tracheal hook with a large radius, and a cuffed tracheostomy tube. The 4 steps are: 1) palpation, 2) stab incision, 3) inferior traction, and 4) tube insertion. This streamlined method is simple and quick. Because the operator's body position and hand movements (steps 3 and 4) are similar to those in orotracheal intubation, there is a feeling of familiarity that enhances retention of the procedure. The steps are illustrated and 4 cases using this technique are reported. Since the hands at each step are stabilized on the patient and no special equipment is needed, this technique also may be ideal for the out-of-hospital environment.
In vivo differences between endothelial transcriptional profiles of coronary and iliac arteries revealed by microarray analysis (2008)

Endothelial cells (ECs) from different vascular beds display a remarkable heterogeneity in both structure and function. Phenotypic heterogeneity among arterial ECs is particularly relevant to atherosclerosis since the disease occurs predominantly in major arteries, which vary in their atherosusceptibility. To explore EC heterogeneity between typical atheroprone and atheroresistant arteries, we used DNA microarrays to compare gene expression profiles of freshly harvested porcine coronary (CECs) and iliac artery (IECs) ECs. Statistical analysis revealed 51 genes that were differentially expressed in CECs relative to IECs at a false discovery rate of 5%. Seventeen of these genes are known to be involved in atherogenesis. Consistent with coronary arteries being more atherosusceptible, almost all putative atherogenic genes were overexpressed in CECs, whereas all atheroprotective genes were downregulated, relative to IECs. A subset of the identified genes was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR results suggest that the differences in expression levels between CECs and IECs for the HOXA10 and HOXA9 genes were >100-fold. Gene ontology (GO) and biological pathway analysis revealed a global expression difference between CECs and IECs. Genes in twelve GO categories, including complement immune activation, immunoglobulin-mediated response, and system development, were significantly upregulated in CECs. CECs also overexpressed genes involved in several inflammatory pathways, including the classical pathway of complement activation and the IGF-1-mediated pathway. The in vivo transcriptional differences between CECs and IECs found in this study may provide new insights into the factors responsible for coronary artery atherosusceptibility.
Model-based development of synchronous collaborative user interfaces (2009)

This paper undertakes with collaborative software development taking into account requirements emerged from recent progress in technologies relevant to networks and computing devices. Considering this technological breakthrough, especially under the light of the consequently sharply growing online virtual communities, we can deduce that a new substance is given to the software supporting collaborative practices for multiple environments. In such cases, one important aspect to consider is the user interfaces (UIs) design supporting group work appropriately. The results today offer a rich insight to the desired groupware functionality and the features devised to facilitate such functionality (i.e., replication models, object sharing, floor control, etc). On the other hand, very little is known about their capability to facilitate generation of multi-user interfaces to groupware applications. With the advent of model-based user interface engineering, which signifies a move towards transformation-based approaches to generating the user interface, one challenge is bridging across these two perspectives. The current work seeks to contribute to this goal by identifying the type of models needed to capture collaborative behavior in synchronous multiple user interface settings as well as generating the collaborative user interface by making use of suitable platform-oriented architectural models.
Node ranking in labeled directed graphs (2004)

Our work is motivated by the problem of ranking hyper-linked documents for a given query. Given an arbitrary directed graph with edge and node labels, we present a new flow-based model and an efficient method to dynamically rank the nodes of this graph with respect to any of the original labels. Ranking documents for a given query in a hyper-linked document set and ranking of authors/articles for a given topic in a citation database are some typical applications of our method. We outline the structural conditions that the graph must satisfy for our ranking to be different from the traditional <i>PageRank</i>.
A revised monitor source method for practical deadtime count loss compensation in clinical planar and SPECT studies (2015)

The aim of the study is to verify the fundamental assumption in the monitor source method, i.e. uniform fractional count loss across the field of view (FOV), and to introduce a revised monitor source method for SPECT deadtime correction that minimally interferes with the clinical protocol. SPECT images of non-uniform phantoms (4GBq (99m)Tc) with and without monitor sources (2 × 20MBq (99m)Tc) attached to each detector were acquired nine times over 48 h in the photopeak energy window and the scatter energy window. Fractional count loss uniformity across the FOV was evaluated by correlating count rates in different regions of interest on projection images at different deadtime loss levels. The correction factors were calculated as the ratios of monitor source count rates with and without the phantom. Such factors were applied to the phantom images acquired without the monitor sources. The counting efficiency (count rate per unit activity) of the camera was calculated as a function of activity in the FOV both prior to and after the deadtime count-loss correction. The deadtime correction effectiveness was assessed by the independence of the efficiency on the activity in the FOV. Methods to interpolate the projection deadtime loss, based on limited projections, were also investigated. The fractional deadtime count loss was uniform across the FOV (r > 0.99). After the deadtime correction, the efficiency was largely independent of the activity in the FOV. The median and maximum absolute errors after the deadtime count loss correction were ≤1% and ~2%, respectively. Measured deadtime loss from five views per detector can be used to estimate deadtime count loss with errors ≤1% for all SPECT projections. The revised monitor source method can effectively correct planar and SPECT deadtime loss. Sparse sampling of the projection deadtime loss allows the acquisition of high monitor source counts with minimal time added while preserving the entire useful FOV.