gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automating insect identification: exploring the limitations of a prototype system (1999)

Automated identification systems based on computer image analysis technology provide an attractive, but as yet unexploited potential solution to the growing burden of routine species identifications presently faced by a dwindling community of expert taxonomists. DAISY (the Digital Automated Identification SYstem) is a prototype novel automated identification system, developed to explore this possibility. In its pilot phase, the DAISY algorithms were developed to discriminate five species of parasitic wasp, based on differences in their wing structure. Here, again using wing form, the ability of DAISY to discriminate amongst an order of magnitude more species – 49 species of closely related biting midges is examined. In so doing an attempt is made to establish a set of basic ‘benchmark’ tests of the efficacy, and weaknesses, of such an automated identification system.
Towards fully renewable energy systems: Experience and trends in Denmark (2017)

Deployment of renewable energy generation capacities and integration of their power production into existing power systems has become a global trend throughout the world, with a common set of operational challenges stemming from variability and limited predictability of power generation from, e.g., wind and solar. Denmark is a country that invested early in wind energy, rapidly proposing very ambitious goals for the future of its energy system and global energy usage. While the case of Denmark is specific due to its limited size and good interconnections, there may still be a lot to learn from the way operational practice has evolved, also shifting towards a liberalized electricity market environment, and more generally going along with other technological and societal evolution. Our aim here is to give an overview of recent and current initiatives in Denmark which contribute towards a goal of reaching a fully renewable energy system.
Radioiodine Labeled Anti-MIF McAb: A Potential Agent for Inflammation Imaging (2007)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammation. Radiolabeled anti-MIF McAb can be used to detect in vivo inflammatory changes. The objective of this study was to investigate in vivo biology of radioiodinated anti-MIF McAb using the inflammation model mice. Anti-MIF McAb was radioiodinated with NaI125 by Iodogen method. Animal models were induced in the mice by intramuscular injection of S. aureus, E. coli, and turpentine oil. The biodistribution studies with radioiodinated anti-MIF McAb were performed on inflammation mice. The relationship between inflammatory lesions and anti-MIF McAb binding was investigated using the percent of injected dose per gram tissue (% ID/g) of tissue samples and whole-body autoradiography. The radioactivity of I125-anti-MIF McAb in the inflammatory tissue increased gradually for three inflammation models. The highest uptake was found in S. aureus group and the lowest was in E. coli group. The uptake in turpentine oil group was average. Whole-body autoradiography showed that all inflammation foci could be visualized clearly from 24 hours after injection, but 48 hours images were much clearer in accordance with the high T/NT ratio. These results demonstrate the ability of radioiodinated anti-MIF McAb to measure in vivo inflammatory events represented by high expression of MIF and suggests that radiolabeled anti-MIF McAb warrants further investigation as a potential inflammation-seeking agent for imaging to detect inflammatory disorders.
Reliable methods for estimating relative vocal tract lengths from formant trajectories of common words (2006)

This paper describes reliable methods for estimating relative vocal tract lengths from speech signals. Two proposed methods are based on the simple principle that resonant frequencies in an acoustic tube are inversely proportional to the tube length in cases where the configuration is constant. We estimated the ratio between two speakers' vocal tract lengths using first and second formant trajectories of the same words uttered by them. In the first method, which is referred to as "strict estimation method", we sought instances at which the gross structures of two vocal tracts are analogous by applying dynamic time-warping to formant-trajectories of common words that were uttered at different speeds. In those instances, which were found from among more than 100 common words by two speakers, an average formant ratio proved to be an excellent estimate (about plusmn0.1% in errors) for a reciprocal of the vocal tract length ratio. Next, we examined a simplified method for estimating those ratios using all corresponding points of two formant-trajectories: it is the "direct estimation method". Estimation errors in the direct estimation were evaluated to be about plusmn0.3% at equal utterance-speeds and plusmn2% at most, within 2.0 of the ratios of "fast" to "slow". Finally, we estimated relative vocal tract lengths for four Japanese speaker groups, whose members differed in terms of age and gender. Experimental results showed that the average vocal tract length of adult females and that of 7-10-year-old boys and girls are 21%, 27%, and 30%, respectively, shorter than adult males'
Use of Intraoperative Botulinum Toxin in Facial Reconstruction (2009)

Administration of botulinum toxin type A or B after reconstruction after Mohs micrographic surgery aided wound healing; botulinum toxin type A and botulinum toxin type B were equally effective. Intradermal botulinum toxin type A demonstrated no primary effect on healing of erbium laser-resurfaced skin.
Interaction involving individuals using augmentative and alternative communication systems: State of the art and future directions (1988)

This paper reviews the research which has considered the interaction patterns of individuals using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems and highlights the major methodological issues and findings. Most noteworthy of the limitations to this research is the lack of reliable and socially valid measures to evaluate the outcomes of intervention in the field. Directions for future research are suggested. Specifically, it is proposed that future research is required to articulate a model of communicative competence for individuals using AAC systems. This model should consider both the personal perspective of the user and the broader social perspective, as determined by partners and by third party observers.
Gas-liquid partition chromatography. A technique for the analysis of volatile materials (1952)

A. T. James and A. J. P. Martin, Analyst, 1952, 77, 915 DOI: 10.1039/AN9527700915
Integrated teams (2002)

We are employed as integrated team facilitators by Central Manchester PCT with the remit to establish a framework for a PCT-wide implementation of integrated teams.
Similarities and Differences in Lipid Metabolism of Chloroplasts Isolated from 18:3 and 16:3 Plants (1983)

Photosynthetically active chloroplasts retaining high rates of fatty acid synthesis from [1-(14)C]acetate were purified from leaves of both 16:3 (Solanum nodiflorum, Chenopodium album) and 18:3 plants (Amaranthus lividus, Pisum sativum). A comparison of lipids into which newly synthesized fatty acids were incorporated revealed that, in 18:3 chloroplasts, enzymic activities catalyzing the conversion of phosphatidate to diacylglycerol and of diacylglycerol to monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGD) were significantly less active than in 16:3 chloroplasts. In contrast, labeling rates of MGD from UDP-[(14)C]gal were similar for both types of chloroplasts.The composition and positional distribution of labeled fatty acids within the glycerides synthesized by isolated 16:3 and 18:3 chloroplasts were similar and in each case only a C18/C16 diacylglycerol backbone was synthesized. In nodiflorum chloroplasts, C18:1/C16:0 MGD assembled de novo was completely desaturated to the C18:3/C16:3 stage.Whereas newly synthesized C18/C18 MGD could not be detected in any of these chloroplasts if incubated with [(14)C]acetate after isolation, chloroplasts isolated from acetate-labeled leaves contained MGD with labeled C18 fatty acids at both sn-1 and sn-2 positions. Taken together, these results provide further evidence on an organellar level for the operation of pro- and eucaryotic pathways in the biosynthesis of MGD in different groups of plants.
Group-based Pilot Design Method in Mobile OFDMA Systems (2008)

In mobile communication systems, users move with various speeds. Therefore, pilot designs using the fixed arrangement of pilot subcarriers and channel estimation method are not suitable. In this paper, we propose a group-based pilot design method in mobile orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. In the proposed method, we divide users into several groups based on the users' speeds and allocate an appropriate pilot arrangement for each group. Using the proposed method, we minimize the channel estimation errors of high-speed users while maximizing the resource efficiency of low-speed users.
Conversion of glutaconate CoA‐transferase from <i>Acidaminococcus fermentans</i> into an acyl‐CoA hydrolase by site‐directed mutagenesis (1997)

The heterooctameric (alphabeta)4 glutaconate CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.12) from the anaerobic bacterium Acidaminococcus fermentans catalyses the transfer of CoASH from acetyl-CoA to the 1-carboxylate of glutaconate. During this reaction the glutamate residue 54 of the beta-subunit (betaE54) forms a CoA-ester. The single amino acid replacement betaE54D resulted in a drastic change of enzymatic function. The CoA-transferase activity decreased from 140 to less than 0.01 s(-1), whereas the acyl-CoA hydrolase activity increased from less than 0.01 to 16 s(-1). The new enzyme was able to catalyse the hydrolysis of glutaryl-CoA, acetyl-CoA and 3-butenoyl-CoA. Since the mutants betaE54A and betaE54N showed neither acyl-CoA hydrolase nor CoA-transferase activity, it was concluded that the aspartate carboxylate of the mutant betaE54D acted as a general base which facilitated the attack of water at the thiolester carbonyl. Surprisingly, Km for glutaryl-CoA hydrolysis by the mutant (0.7 microM) as compared to CoA-transfer by the wild-type (28 microM) was 40 times lower. A 65 kDa protein, obtained by fusing the genes, gctA-gctB, coding for glutaconate CoA-transferase, retained 30% of the wild-type activity. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of 13 related enzymes demonstrated that Nature already has applied gene fusion in the case of pig heart CoA-transferase and has been using the E --> D mutation for catalysis by a yeast acetyl-CoA hydrolase.
Water Splitting by Tungsten Oxide Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition and Decorated with an Oxygen‐Evolving Catalyst (2010)

Heteronanostructured photoelectrodes were fabricated by atomic layer deposition of WO3 and stabilized with an Mn-based oxygen-evolving catalyst. The resulting electrode absorbs photons to create electrons and holes, the separation of which is assisted by the built-in field within the semiconductor. Electrons are collected, and holes transferred to the catalyst to split H2O into oxygen and hydrogen (see schematic). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Interactions between Equine Cyclin T1, Tat, and TAR Are Disrupted by a Leucine-to-Valine Substitution Found in Human Cyclin T1 (2000)

Transcriptional transactivators (Tat) from human immunodeficiency and equine infectious anemia viruses (HIV and EIAV) interact with their transactivation response elements (TAR) to increase the rates of viral transcription. Whereas the human cyclin T1 is required for the binding of Tat to TAR from HIV, it is unknown how Tat from EIAV interacts with its TAR. Furthermore, Tat from EIAV functions in equine and canine cells but not in human cells. In this study, we present sequences of cyclins T1 from horse and dog and demonstrate that their N-terminal 300 residues rescue the transactivation of Tat from EIAV in human cells. Although human and equine cyclins T1 bind to this Tat, only the equine cyclin T1 supports the binding of Tat to TAR from EIAV. Finally, a reciprocal exchange of the valine for the leucine at position 29 in human and equine cyclins T1, respectively, renders the human cyclin T1 active and the equine cyclin T1 inactive for Tat transactivation from EIAV. Thus, the collaboration between a specific cyclin T1 and Tat for their high-affinity interaction with TAR is a common theme of lentiviral transactivation.
From one amino acid to another: tRNA-dependent amino acid biosynthesis (2008)

Aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) are the essential substrates for translation. Most aa-tRNAs are formed by direct aminoacylation of tRNA catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. However, a smaller number of aa-tRNAs (Asn-tRNA, Gln-tRNA, Cys-tRNA and Sec-tRNA) are made by synthesizing the amino acid on the tRNA by first attaching a non-cognate amino acid to the tRNA, which is then converted to the cognate one catalyzed by tRNA-dependent modifying enzymes. Asn-tRNA or Gln-tRNA formation in most prokaryotes requires amidation of Asp-tRNA or Glu-tRNA by amidotransferases that couple an amidase or an asparaginase to liberate ammonia with a tRNA-dependent kinase. Both archaeal and eukaryotic Sec-tRNA biosynthesis and Cys-tRNA synthesis in methanogens require O-phosophoseryl-tRNA formation. For tRNA-dependent Cys biosynthesis, O-phosphoseryl-tRNA synthetase directly attaches the amino acid to the tRNA which is then converted to Cys by Sep-tRNA: Cys-tRNA synthase. In Sec-tRNA synthesis, O-phosphoseryl-tRNA kinase phosphorylates Ser-tRNA to form the intermediate which is then modified to Sec-tRNA by Sep-tRNA:Sec-tRNA synthase. Complex formation between enzymes in the same pathway may protect the fidelity of protein synthesis. How these tRNA-dependent amino acid biosynthetic routes are integrated into overall metabolism may explain why they are still retained in so many organisms.
The Multifunctional Role of Histone H1, Probed with the SV40 Minichromosome (1978)

Numerous differences exist between the family of histone H1 molecules and the family of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4). The two families interact with each other and with DNA differently; only the core histones form the nucleosome (Germond et al. 1975). Although the core histones are strongly conserved, invariably abundant, and generally unresponsive to changes in the state of the cell, Bustin and Cole (1968, 1969) have shown that H1 molecules show species and tissue specificity and that subfractions of H1 may change in response to hormonal challenge. These facts suggest that the two families play fundamentally different roles.
Carbon monoxide toxicity: a case series (2005)

Abstract Objective: To describe diagnostics, therapy, and sequelae of acute carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity because of a motor vehicle generator in 4 dogs and 2 cats. Series summary: Four dogs and 2 cats presented for recumbency, disorientation, dyspnea, and stiffness after an estimated 6–8 hour exposure to exhaust from a generator. Diagnostics included a serum carboxyhemoglobin levels evaluation, arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry readings, and blood pressure measurements. Initial therapy included oxygen (O 2 ) administration, intravenous bronchodilators, fluids, and a hemoglobin‐based O 2 carrying (HBOC) molecule. Following administration of the HBOC, 4 of the 6 animals showed dramatic clinical improvement. Two weeks after hospital discharge, the owner reported potential hearing deficits in all animals. Brain auditory evoked response (BAER) tests were conducted in all surviving animals and some degree of hearing impairment was documented in all cases, with complete clinical resolution noted 6 weeks later. Unique information provided: This report describes the therapeutic use of an HBOC in acute isolated CO toxicity (i.e. without the complications of smoke inhalation). In addition, delayed nervous system dysfunction was documented in all surviving animals.
High-Efficiency and High-Operational-Stability Top-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using Antioxidant Buffer Layer (2009)

We have succeeded in developing top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high efficiency and high operational stability using an antioxidant buffer layer. V2O5 was selected as the antioxidant buffer layer to suppress the degradation of the organic materials of OLEDs caused by active oxygen during buffer layer deposition and the damage caused by the bombardment of high-energy particles during transparent electrode sputtering. The top-emitting device with a V2O5 buffer layer had the same current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics as the bottom-emitting device with the same material system. The quantum efficiency of the top-emitting device was about 5%, the same as that of the bottom-emitting device. The time required for luminance to drop to 90% of the initial value of the top-emitting device was over 700 h, which is longer than that of the bottom-emitting device (300 h). From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the interface between organic materials and V2O5, it was determined that there was no degradation of organic materials under V2O5.
Skip play technology for home-use digital VCRs (1995)

A skip play technology is proposed for noiseless variable-speed playback in home-use digital VCRs by using a state feedback controller with a novel phase error predictor. In this proposed skip play mode, the fixed scanner heads read tracks at normal speeds in the normal state, skip several tracks at very high speeds in the skip state, go back to the normal state, and repeats this cycle repeatedly. So a noiseless single frame is reconstructed. The proposed scheme needs no modifications in neither the coding scheme not servo hardware, and allows noiseless playback at speeds up to 25-times normal in the forward direction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Decomposition of <i>Sarcocornia quinqueflora</i> on an Iron‐Smelting Slag Substrate (2002)

Abstract Restoration of salt marsh habitat is becoming more common in Australia. However, little is known about restoring salt marshes on substrates contaminated by slag from iron smelting, which could affect microbial activity. This study, conducted near Newcastle, Australia, compares initial C, N, and P mass and decomposition of Sarcocornia quinqueflora (glasswort or samphire) from (1) a restoration site with a slag‐and‐mud substrate, (2) the restoration site's donor marsh, and (3) other nearby sites sampled to provide information on background variability. A litterbag technique with a 180‐day incubation period was used to quantify total, C, N, and P mass losses from decomposition. Although there were significant differences between sites in initial N mass and loss of C and P over the period of our study, the presence of slag did not slow decomposition rates as measured using litterbags. Further work is needed to assess other aspects of wetland structure and function on slag substrates.
Menin associates with FANCD2, a protein involved in repair of DNA damage. (2003)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1) is an inherited tumor syndrome characterized by tumors in multiple endocrine organs including the parathyroids, pancreatic islets, and the pituitary. The gene mutated in MEN1 patients, Men1, encodes a protein of 610 amino acid residues, menin, and mutations in the Men1 gene lead to the MEN1 syndrome. Although the chromosomal instability in the peripheral lymphocytes from the MEN1 patients has been reported previously, it is not clear whether menin is involved in repair of DNA damage. Here we show that menin specifically interacts with FANCD2, a protein encoded by a gene involved in DNA repair and mutated in patients with an inherited cancer-prone syndrome, Fanconi anemia. The interaction between menin and FANCD2 is enhanced by gamma-irradiation. Moreover, loss of menin expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts leads to increased sensitivity to DNA damage. Furthermore, menin is localized to chromatin and nuclear matrix, and the association with nuclear matrix is enhanced by gamma-irradiation. Together, these results suggest that menin plays a critical role in repair of DNA damage in concert with FANCD2.
Benzyl Tosylates. VI. The Effects of Phenyl as a Substituent (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzyl Tosylates. VI. The Effects of Phenyl as a SubstituentGeorge S. Hammond and Charles E. ReederCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 3, 573–575Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01536a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01536a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of an argentine Spanish version of the Stanford childhood health assessment questionnaire (1998)

Cross-cultural adaptation of the US CHAQ to Argentina required few changes. Although DI scores for all patient subgroups were higher than for controls subjects, the scores were low, particularly for those with pauciarticular disease. Prospective studies designed to examine the sensitivity to change and predictive validity will help to assess further the usefulness of the adapted CHAQ in the Argentine population.
Plasmon-Mediated Surface Chemistry for Solar Photocatalysis (2015)

Using sunlight to facilitate and promote valuable chemical reactions is an ideal solution to the challenge of meeting future energy demands. Our group aims to address fundamental questions concerning surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-mediated interfacial electron transfer (ET) and photothermal heating in order to develop new materials and strategies for efficiently converting solar energy to chemical energy. In this talk, I will show how we unambiguously reveal the mechanics of plasmon-mediated electron transfer (PMET) in Au/TiO 2 heterostructures under visible light (λ > 515 nm) during in situ operation. I will further discuss how we directly probe the relaxation dynamics and energetics of the transferred “effective hot electrons” that participate in photocatalytic reactions. I will explore some strategies for manipulating “hot electrons” for the rational design and construction of a new class of multi-component solar photocatalysts for efficiently producing H 2 from water.