gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of interferon-beta and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril, attenuates murine hepatocellular carcinoma development and angiogenesis. (2003)

The combination treatment of PE and IFN at clinically comparable low doses could inhibit HCC development and angiogenesis and suppress vascular endothelial growth factor as well. Because both agents are widely used in clinical practice, this combination regimen may represent a potential new strategy for HCC therapy in the future.
Solid state ultraviolet laser (213 nm) ablation of the cornea and synthetic collagen lenticules (1991)

We used a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with non-linear optical crystals to produce the 5th (213 nm) and the 4th (266 nm) harmonic frequencies. Using these two wavelengths, we ablated fresh porcine corneas and type I collagen synthetic epikeratoplasty lenticules. For the 213-nm ablation, radiant exposure was 1.3 J/cm2. The ablation rate was 0.23 micron per pulse for the epikeratoplasty lenticules. We examined all tissues with light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Histology for the 213-nm ablation showed a clean ablation crater with minimal collagen lamellae disruption and a damage zone less than 1 micron. In comparison, the 266 nm radiation showed more charring at the edges with a damage zone approximately 25 microns deep with disruption of the stromal lamella. Our results show that this solid state UV laser is a potential alternative to the excimer laser for cornea surgery.
De Sam Han: Technologies of Religion. Spheres of the sacred in a post-secular modernity. (2017)

Reseña del libro. Han, S. (2016). Technologies of Religion. Spheres of the sacred in a post-secular modernity. Abingdon: Routledge. 131 pp.
Impaired capacity to lose visceral adipose tissue during weight reduction in obese postmenopausal women with the Trp64Arg beta3-adrenoceptor gene variant. (2000)

Controversy exists regarding the association between the Trp64Arg variant of the beta3-adrenoceptor gene and visceral obesity. The cross-sectional nature of most studies, the modest effect of the variant, and sex or ethnic differences between groups have contributed to discrepancies among investigations. To overcome these confounding factors, we examined the effect of the Trp64Arg variant on total and visceral adipose tissue loss, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in response to weight reduction in obese older women. A total of 24 women (age 57 +/- 4 years), including 1 Trp64Arg homozygote, 10 Trp64Arg heterozygotes, and 13 normal homozygotes, were admitted to a weight reduction program of 13 +/- 3 months, with weight and nutritional intake stabilization established before testing. Total and regional adiposity were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography, insulin sensitivity was measured by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique, and a blood lipid profile was obtained. No baseline differences were noted in adiposity measurements, glucose disposal, and lipid profiles among carriers and noncarriers of the variant allele. In response to weight loss, carriers and noncarriers of the Trp64Arg allele had similar reductions in body weight (-16.4 +/- 5.0 vs. -14.1 +/- 6.2 kg, NS) and body fat (-10.0 +/- 5.2 vs. -11.5 +/- 3.9 kg, NS). However, loss of visceral adipose tissue was 43% lower in carriers of the Trp64Arg allele compared with noncarriers (-46 +/- 27 vs. -81 +/- 51 cm2, P = 0.05). Furthermore, there was less improvement in the total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (-0.18 +/- 0.54 vs. -0.72 +/- 0.56, P = 0.04) in carriers compared with noncarriers of the allele. Although glucose disposal improved in both groups, there was no difference in the magnitude of improvement between carriers and noncarriers of the variant allele. In conclusion, older obese women carrying the Trp64Arg beta3-adrenoceptor gene variant have an impaired capacity to lose visceral adipose tissue in response to prolonged caloric restriction. Despite these genetic differences in loss of intraabdominal adipose tissue, improvement in glucose disposal was similar between groups.
Just-in-Time Verification in ADL-based processor design (2012)

A novel verification methodology, combining the two new techniques of Live Verification and Processor State Transfer, is introduced to Architecture Description Language (ADL) based processor design. The proposed Just-in-Time Verification significantly accelerates the simulation-based equivalence check of the register-transfer and instruction-set level models, generated from the ADL-based specification. This is accomplished by omitting redundant simulation steps occurring in the conventional architecture debug cycle. The potential speedup is demonstrated with a case study, achieving an acceleration of the debug cycle by 660x.
Determination of the bioavailability of the quaternary compound trospium chloride in man from urinary excretion data. (1986)

For the quaternary compound trospium chloride (Spasmex) which is used as an anticholinergic agent a new sensitive assay method has been developed that allows the quantitative determination of the drug in human urine and plasma. Using this method it was possible to obtain pharmacokinetic data from plasma levels and urinary excretion, and to determine the bioavailability in man. Quantitative determination is performed by alkaline hydrolysis to the corresponding spiroalcohol, ion-pair extraction with dipicrylamine, subsequent derivatization with the fluorophor benoxaprofen chloride, and ion-pair chromatographic separation on a reversed-phase column with chloride as the counter-ion using a mixture of acetonitrile and water. In healthy volunteers (n = 6) the plasma concentration time curve after intravenous administration of 0.5 mg trospium chloride could be described by an open two-compartment model. The mean half-lives were 2.7 and 97 min, respectively. After oral administration of 10 mg the highest concentration found in plasma was 1.4 ng trospium chloride/ml. 55% of the given dose were excreted unchanged into urine within 48 h after i.v. administration, the corresponding value after oral administration was 1.6%. If no hydrolysis is carried out in urine samples the spiroalcohol can be detected as metabolite of trospium. Within 48 h after i.v. administration 4% and after oral administration 0.3% of the given dose are excreted into urine as spiroalcohol. From the cumulative excretion of trospium into urine within 48 h a mean bioavailability of 2.9% was calculated.
Comparison of temporal filtering methods for dynamic contrast MRI myocardial perfusion studies (2003)

Dynamic contrast myocardial perfusion studies may benefit from methods that speed up the acquisition. Unaliasing by Fourier encoding the overlaps using the temporal dimension (UNFOLD), and a similar linear interpolation method have been shown to be effective at reducing the number of phase encodes needed for cardiac wall motion studies by using interleaved sampling and temporal filtering. Here such methods are evaluated in cardiac dynamic contrast studies, with particular regard to the effects of the choice of filter and the interframe motion. Four different filters were evaluated using a motion-free canine study. Full k-space was acquired and then downsampled to allow for a measure of truth. The different filters gave nearly equivalent images and quantitative flow estimates compared to full k-space. The effect of respiratory motion on these schemes was graphically depicted, and the performance of the four temporal filters was evaluated in seven human subjects with respiratory motion present. The four filters provided images of similar quality. However, none of the filters were effective at eliminating motion artifacts. Motion registration methods or motion-free acquisitions may be necessary to make these reduced FOV approaches clinically useful.
THE MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF BETA-ARYL-BETA-AMINO FATTY ACIDS BY THE CONDENSATION OF AROMATIC ALDEHYDES WITH MALONIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES<sup>1</sup> (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF BETA-ARYL-BETA-AMINO FATTY ACIDS BY THE CONDENSATION OF AROMATIC ALDEHYDES WITH MALONIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES1W. M. Rodionow and E. A. PostovskajaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 3, 841–847Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01378a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01378a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views525Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simulated Artificial Human Vision: The Effects of Spatial Resolution and Frame Rate on Mobility (2006)

Electrical stimulation of the human visual system can result in the perception of blobs of light, known as phosphenes. Artificial Human Vision (AHV or visual prosthesis) systems use this method to provide a visual substitute for the blind. This paper reports on our experiments involving normally sighted participants using a portable AHV simulation. A Virtual Reality Head Mounted Display is used to display the phosphene simulation. Custom software converts captured images from a head mounted USB camera to a DirectX based phosphene simulation. The effects of frame rate (1, 2 and 4 FPS) and phosphene spatial resolution (16x12 and 32x24) on participant Percentage of Preferred Walking Speed (PPWS) and mobility errors were assessed during repeated trials on an artificial indoor mobility course. Results indicate that spatial resolution is a significant factor in reducing contact with obstacles and following a path without veering, however the phosphene display frame rate is a better predictor of a person’s preferred walking speed. These findings support the development of an adaptive display which could provide a faster display with reduced spatial resolution when a person is walking comfortably and a slower display with higher resolution when a person has stopped moving.
Improved Methods of Accelerating the Convergence of Adaptive Equalizers for Partial-Response Signals (1987)

In order to accelerate the convergence of adaptive equalizers for partial-response signals it is necessary to transform the input signal, and use the transformed values in one of two ways-to calculate both the equalizer output and the tap updates, or to calculate only the tap updates. These methods are called double-sided and single-sided orthogonalizalion, respectively; this paper confirms previous suggestions that the latter is preferable. In an early implementation of the double-sided orthogonalization (DSO) the number of multiplications was proportional to the square of the number of taps (N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ); this was later reduced to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2N</tex> multiplications; the only implementation of single-sided orthogonalization (SSO) that has been described used of the order of N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> multiplications. This paper describes an implementation of SSO that needs only <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2N</tex> multiplications,and gives explicit formulas for the two partial-response systems of most interest-I and IV. Two examples of the improved convergence are given, and the application of this method to complex equalizers is discussed.
Protease-dependent versus -independent cancer cell invasion programs: three-dimensional amoeboid movement revisited (2009)

Tissue invasion during metastasis requires cancer cells to negotiate a stromal environment dominated by cross-linked networks of type I collagen. Although cancer cells are known to use proteinases to sever collagen networks and thus ease their passage through these barriers, migration across extracellular matrices has also been reported to occur by protease-independent mechanisms, whereby cells squeeze through collagen-lined pores by adopting an ameboid phenotype. We investigate these alternate models of motility here and demonstrate that cancer cells have an absolute requirement for the membrane-anchored metalloproteinase MT1-MMP for invasion, and that protease-independent mechanisms of cell migration are only plausible when the collagen network is devoid of the covalent cross-links that characterize normal tissues.
The v-ski oncogene cooperates with the v-sea oncogene in erythroid transformation by blocking erythroid differentiation. (1992)

The avian retrovirus oncogene v-ski was analysed for its ability to alter the differentiation program of erythroid cells and to cooperate with tyrosine kinase oncogenes in leukemogenesis. For this, a retrovirus combining v-ski with a temperature-sensitive version of the v-sea oncogene was constructed. In transformed erythroblasts, v-ski disturbed the concerted expression of several erythrocyte genes, leading to an abnormal erythroblast phenotype. Expression levels of hemoglobin and erythrocyte anion transporter (band 3) were elevated, while expression of the erythroid-specific histone H5 was strongly suppressed. v-ski could also be shown to repress or severely retard the temperature-induced erythroid differentiation of v-ski/ts-v-sea-transformed cells. The undifferentiated cells had an abnormal erythroblast or early reticulocyte phenotype characterized by unusually low levels of histone H5. In chicks, the v-ski/ts-v-sea virus displayed enhanced leukemogenicity compared with viruses containing just the single oncogenes. Thus, v-ski cooperates with tyrosine kinase oncogenes in a similar fashion to the v-erbA oncogene, however the pattern of genes affected by these two oncogenes is different.
Chromosomal aberrations and risk of cancer in humans: an epidemiologic perspective (2004)

The pioneering papers published more than one century ago by Theodor Boveri opened the way to extensive research on the mechanism linking chromosomal abnormalities to the pathogenesis of cancer. As a result of this effort, robust theoretical and empirical evidence correlating cytogenetic damage to early stages of cancer in humans was consolidated, and an increased cancer risk was postulated in healthy subjects with high levels of chromosomal aberrations (CA). The first epidemiological investigation aimed at validating CA as predictor of cancer risk was carried out in the early 1990s. In that report the Nordic Study Group described an 80% increased risk of cancer in healthy subjects with high frequencies of CA. The results of this first study were replicated a few years later in a parallel research initiative carried out in Italy, and the subsequent pooled analysis of these two cohorts published in 1998 contributed to refine the quantitative estimate of the CA/cancer association. A small case-control study nested in a cohort of subjects screened for CA in Taiwan found an increased risk in subjects with high frequency of chromosome-type CA, while in 2001 a significant increase of cancer incidence associated with high levels of CA was described in a new independent cohort of radon exposed workers from the Czech Republic. Despite some common limitations affecting study design, the studies cited above have provided results of great interest both for the understanding of mechanisms of early stages of carcinogenesis, and for their potential implication for cancer prevention. The recent evolution of molecular techniques and the refinement of high throughput techniques have the potential to improve the knowledge about the role of specific sub-types of CA and to provide further insight into the mechanisms. Finally, the most challenging perspective in the field is the passage from research to regulation, with the implementation of preventive policies based on the accumulated knowledge.
Multiple element oscillators utilizing a new power combining technique (1992)

A method for combining the microwave and millimeter-wave power generated by many two or three terminal devices is presented. This method forms a single resonant structure from many active devices, and therefore the combiner is stable and does not suffer from simultaneous multimode difficulties. The technique produces compact structures and is readily adaptable to monolithic integration. Through an eigenvalue-eigenvector analysis of the structure, multiple device circuit interactions are investigated. The oscillation stability is demonstrated by large-signal analysis of the circuit in the time domain. Experimental results from several power combiners utilizing Gunn diodes are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in hearing-impaired mutant mice (1985)

The acoustic intermodulation distortion product (2f1-f2) was recorded in the ear canal of two different types of normally hearing mice and in four different types of hearing-impaired mutant mice. In the normally hearing animals, primary tones at levels of 60- to 100-dB SPL evoked distortion product emissions (DP's) at 20-50 dB below the primary levels. In the hearing-impaired mutants the level was dependent on the particular type of auditory dysfunction associated with the mutation. In both the deafness and the viable dominant spotting mutants, where either the whole organ of Corti or the stria vascularis is affected by the mutation, no DP's could be detected. The quivering mutant has a central auditory dysfunction associated with the nuclei of the superior olivary complex and the lateral lemniscus, with apparently normal cochlear function. DP's at levels and thresholds similar to those in normally hearing animals were recorded in quivering mice. The Bronx Waltzer mutant has a full complement of outer hair cells but only about of 20%-25% inner hair cells. DP's of small amplitude were recorded but the thresholds were raised by about 30 dB. The data suggest that the 2f1-f2 emission can be used as a noninvasive monitor of cochlear function.
A raim approach to GNSS outlier and cycle slip detection using L1 carrier phase time-differences (2009)

Cycle slips are a common error source in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase measurements. In this paper, the cycle slip problem is approached using Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) methodology. Carrier phase measurements are used here in a single-receiver time-differential positioning method where integer ambiguities are canceled, but any cycle slips remain. The performance of the method was assessed by comparing the detection results to a Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) solution and by manual data examination. Postprocessing results obtained using authentic Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements logged by low-cost single-frequency receivers show that the method is able to reliably detect and identify single errors but fails in an exemplary multiple outlier scenario. As no reference receiver is needed, the method is a potential means to produce cycle-slip-corrected data usable in any postprocessing application.
Extension ofStoney’s Formula to Arbitrary Temperature Distributions in Thin Film/SubstrateSystems (2006)

Abstract Current methodologies used for the inference of thin film stress through curvature measurements are strictly restricted to stress and curvature states that are assumed to remain uniform over the entire film/substrate system. By considering a circular thin film/substrate system subject to nonuniform and nonaxisymmetric temperature distributions, we derive relations between the film stresses and temperature, and between the plate system’s curvatures and the temperature. These relations featured a “local” part that involves a direct dependence of the stress or curvature components on the temperature at the same point, and a “nonlocal” part that reflects the effect of temperature of other points on the location of scrutiny. Most notably, we also derive relations between the polar components of the film stress and those of system curvatures which allow for the experimental inference of such stresses from full-field curvature measurements in the presence of arbitrary nonuniformities. These relations also feature a “nonlocal” dependence on curvatures making full-field measurements of curvature a necessity for the correct inference of stress. Finally, it is shown that the interfacial shear tractions between the film and the substrate are related to the gradients of the first curvature invariant and can also be inferred experimentally.
Bounded dataflow networks and latency-insensitive circuits (2009)

We present a theory for modular refinement of Synchronous Sequential Circuits (SSMs) using Bounded Dataflow Networks (BDNs). We provide a procedure for implementing any SSM into an LI-BDN, a special class of BDNs with some good compositional properties. We show that the Latency-Insensitive property of LI-BDNs is preserved under parallel and iterative composition of LI-BDNs. Our theory permits one to make arbitrary cuts in an SSM and turn each of the parts into LI-BDNs without affecting the overall functionality. We can further refine each constituent LI-BDN into another LI-BDN which may take different number of cycles to compute. If the constituent LI-BDN is refined correctly we guarantee that the overall behavior would be cycle-accurate with respect to the original SSM. Thus one can replace, say a 3-ported register file in an SSM by a one-ported register file without affecting the correctness of the SSM. We give several examples to show how our theory supports a generalization of previous techniques for Latency-Insensitive refinements of SSMs.