gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Preparation Conditions on Raman and Photoluminescence of Monolayer WS2 (2016)

We report on preparation dependent properties observed in monolayer WS<sub>2</sub> samples synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a variety of common substrates (Si/SiO<sub>2</sub>, sapphire, fused silica) as well as samples that were transferred from the growth substrate onto a new substrate. The as-grown CVD materials (as-WS<sub>2</sub>) exhibit distinctly different optical properties than transferred WS<sub>2</sub> (x-WS<sub>2</sub>). In the case of CVD growth on Si/SiO<sub>2</sub>, following transfer to fresh Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> there is a ~50 meV shift of the ground state exciton to higher emission energy in both photoluminescence emission and optical reflection. This shift is indicative of a reduction in tensile strain by ~0.25%. Additionally, the excitonic state in x-WS<sub>2</sub> is easily modulated between neutral and charged exciton by exposure to moderate laser power, while such optical control is absent in as-WS<sub>2</sub> for all growth substrates investigated. Finally, we observe dramatically different laser power-dependent behavior for as-grown and transferred WS<sub>2</sub>. These results demonstrate a strong sensitivity to sample preparation that is important for both a fundamental understanding of these novel materials as well as reliable reproduction of device properties.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Interhalogen Monofluorides (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ras Signaling Pathway Proteins as Therapeutic Targets (2001)

Ras is a 21 kDa membrane-localized G protein that is coupled to receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase activation of downstream cytoplasmic and nuclear events. Mutated ras genes are common, and occur in a wide variety of human malignancies. These activating mutations result in constitutive signaling, thereby stimulating cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Preclinically, inhibitors of ras signaling revert ras-dependent cellular transformation, and cause regression of ras-dependent rodent tumor xenografts. The ras signaling pathway has therefore attracted considerable attention as a target for anticancer therapy. In this review, novel therapeutic approaches based on the inhibition of ras-mediated signaling, are described. The discussion will be limited to inhibitors which are currently in human clinical trials, and include inhibitors of ras processing, inhibitors of ras protein synthesis and inhibitors of downstream ras effectors.
Effect of liposomal curcumin on red blood cells in vitro. (2013)

Curcumin and liposomal curcumin cause dose-dependent changes in the shape of RBCs. This effect may represent an early sign of dose-limiting toxicity following intravenous administration.
Heterologous immunity provides a potent barrier to transplantation tolerance (2003)

Many strategies have been proposed to induce tolerance to transplanted tissue in rodents; however, few if any have shown equal efficacy when tested in nonhuman primate transplant models. We hypothesized that a critical distinction between specific pathogen-free mice and nonhuman primates or human patients is their acquired immune history. Here, we show that a heterologous immune response--specifically, virally induced alloreactive memory--is a potent barrier to tolerance induction. A critical threshold of memory T cells is needed to promote rejection, and CD8(+) "central" memory T cells are primarily responsible. Finally, treatment with deoxyspergualin, an inhibitor of NF-kappa B translocation, together with costimulation blockade, synergistically impairs memory T cell activation and promotes antigen-specific tolerance of memory. These data offer a potential explanation for the difficulty encountered when inducing tolerance in nonhuman primates and human patients and provide insight into the signaling pathways essential for memory T cell activation and function.
Magnetless Nonreciprocal Metamaterial (MNM) Technology: Application to Microwave Components (2013)

A magnetless nonreciprocal metamaterial (MNM), consisting of traveling-wave resonant ring particles loaded by transistor <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm s}$</tex></formula> and exhibiting the gyromagnetic properties as ferrites, without their size, weight, cost, and monolithic microwave integrated circuit incompatibility drawbacks, was recently introduced in 2011 by Kodera <etal xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> This paper presents the first extensive investigation of the applicability of MNM technology to nonreciprocal microwave components. It recalls the key principle of the MNM, provides basic MNM design guidelines, explains coupling mechanism between a microstrip line and MNM rings, and demonstrates two nonreciprocal MNM components based on a microstrip-ring configuration, an isolator, and a circulator. Although these components have not been fully optimized, they already exhibit attractive performance and provide a proof-of-concept that MNM technology has a potential for microwave nonreciprocal microwave components with substantial benefits compared to their ferrite and active-circuit counterparts.
CMOS pipelined ADC employing dither to improve linearity (2003)

This paper presents a new method for applying linearity improving dither to a pipelined ADC employing digital error correction. This dither energy remains internal to the converter, only causing correctable errors in the internal uncorrected digital data stream. Unlike adding dither to the input signal, this new dither method does not consume signal bandwidth or dynamic range. Spurious free dynamic range improvements of 15 dB have been realized.
Properties and Applications of Basalt Fiber and Its Composites (2018)

Basalt fiber is a green, healthy and environmentally friendly high-tech fiber product without environmental pollution. It is widely used in military and civilian fields. It is not only of great theoretical significance but also of great strategic significance to strengthen the analysis and study of the properties of basalt fiber and its composite materials. The results show that: compared with glass fiber, carbon fiber and aramid fiber, basalt fiber has good mechanical properties, acid-alkali resistance, excellent electrical properties, high wave permeability, non-conductive, and excellent sound insulation and insulation performance. Based on the above advantages, the combination of basalt fiber and substrate can enhance the material properties. Based on the above features, the basalt fiber and its composites can be made into high temperature and low temperature protective clothing and sound insulation materials used in sound absorption and heat insulation industry. Its production can also be widely used in the fields of brake, electric, electromagnetic and so on for its unique features.
Tooth movement with light continuous and discontinuous forces in beagle dogs (1999)

In orthodontics, no consensus exists on how to move teeth most efficiently. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of two different force regimes and two different force magnitudes on tooth displacement. A split mouth design study was conducted in young adult beagle dogs. In each dog, both mandibular third premolars were extracted, and orthodontic appliances were placed for bodily distalization of the second premolars. The forces (10 cN or 25 cN) were applied, either continuously (24 h a day) or discontinuously (active 16 h daily from 17.00 till 9.00). Individual time-displacement curves of the second premolars were constructed. Four phases of tooth movement could be distinguished. Statistical analysis showed that the choice of regime had an influence on the duration of the hyalinisation phase, while force magnitude had not. The rate of tooth movement in the linear phase was mainly regime dependent. However, force magnitude also appeared to have some influence. The individual tissue response in each dog appeared to have an influence on both the duration of the second phase and the rate in the fourth phase. It was concluded that under these experimental conditions, force regime has more influence on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement than force magnitude.
Sila‐Pharmaka, 18<sup>1)</sup> Derivate des 1‐(4‐Chlorphenyl)silacyclohexans mit 3‐(Diethylamino)propyl‐ und 2‐(Diethylamino)ethyl‐Gruppierungen (1979)

Abstract Die Darstellung der Verbindungen 3a (sowie 3b ) und 10 , die sich vom 1‐(4‐Chlorphenyl)‐1‐(2‐diethylaminoethoxy)silacyclohexan (Sila‐Chlorphencyclan, IIa ) ableiten, wird beschrieben. Die Verbindung 3b wurden pharmakologisch und toxikologisch untersucht. Die biologischen Eigenschaften von 3b wurden mit denen von IIa (sowie Chlorphencyclan) und seinem Hydrochlorid IIb verglichen.
Noise Considerations of Optical Beam Recording (1970)

This paper reviews the signal-to-noise considerations of optical beam reading processes. It shows that, with a binary light signal system using level detection, it is preferable to consider the arithmetic sum of the noise terms of each level as the noise term in a signal-to-noise calculation, even though the sum of the gaussian noise terms for each separate level are summed as powers. For the case where gaussian and nongaussian noise terms are combined for one level, it is preferable to add the peak values of their envelopes rather than employ rms values. The importance of the magnitude of the common mode rejection ratio, when deciding whether or not to employ a differential light detection system, is considered. The specific case of a magnetooptical material that exhibits Faraday rotation is used to illustrate these points in a quantitative fashion.
Production and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies to allergenic epitopes on LolpI (Rye I). (1986)

This study describes the production and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies (Mab) to LolpI (Rye I), the major allergen of rye-grass pollen. Hybridoma cell lines were screened for the secretion of Mab, the binding of which to labelled LolpI could be inhibited by pooled human sera containing IgE and IgG anti-LolpI antibodies. Twenty monoclonal hybridoma cell lines were expanded, and their product was purified and characterized. Each Mab bound to LolpI but not to unrelated antigens. Cross-inhibition studies allowed the grouping of these 20 Mab into five families differing by their epitope specificity. One representative Mab of each family was tested for its ability to inhibit human IgE/IgG anti-Lolp-I from 15 allergic donors as well as for its inhibition by affinity-purified anti-LolpI antibodies isolated from 14 donors. The results indicated that each family of Mab was specific for an epitope that was identical or close to that recognized by some human anti-LolpI antibodies. It is further shown that human IgE/IgG anti-LolpI are heterogeneous with some patients reacting preferentially with one or two epitopes defined by the Mab LolpI, and others reacting with epitopes different from those identified by the Mab LolpI.
Iridium(iii) azuliporphyrins (2012)

Azuliporphyrins were reacted with [Ir(COD)Cl](2) in refluxing o- or p-xylene to give novel iridium(III) derivatives that regioselectively incorporated an oxidized solvent molecule. The iridium(III) is inserted within the porphyrinoid macrocycle and possesses an additional apical acyl unit.
Effects of platelet‐rich plasma (<scp>PRP</scp>) on the healing of <scp>A</scp>chilles tendons of rats (2012)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains growth factors involved in the tissular healing process. The aim of the study was to determine if an injection of PRP could improve the healing of sectioned Achilles tendons of rats. After surgery, rats received an injection of PRP (n = 60) or a physiological solution (n = 60) in situ. After 5, 15, and 30 days, 20 rats of both groups were euthanized and 15 collected tendons were submitted to a biomechanical test using cryo-jaws before performing transcriptomic analyses. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed on the five remaining tendons in each group. Tendons in the PRP group were more resistant to rupture at 15 and 30 days. The mechanical stress was significantly increased in tendons of the PRP group at day 30. Histological analysis showed a precocious deposition of fibrillar collagen at day 5 confirmed by a biochemical measurement. The expression of tenomodulin was significantly higher at day 5. The messenger RNA levels of type III collagen, matrix metalloproteinases 2, 3, and 9, were similar in the two groups at all time points, whereas type I collagen was significantly increased at day 30 in the PRP group. In conclusion, an injection of PRP in sectioned rat Achilles tendon influences the early phase of tendon healing and results in an ultimately stronger mechanical resistance.
An open industrial robot based on SERCOS (2003)

The paper presents a type of open industrial robot which is designed for processing armor plates of ship. It is the first robot based on SERCOS in China. With a so-called water-fire procedure, the robot can make an original plate the desirable shape. To deal with the diversity of the plates and the unexpected distortion during the processing, we promote a method called "measure instruct processing". The implementation of self-adaptive processing is discussed in the article.
Trustworthy firmware update for Internet-of-Thing Devices using physical unclonable functions (2017)

Connected devices that are part of the so-called Internet of Things (IoT) need to update their firmware over their lifetime. The problem is that updates can be used by attackers to inject malicious code. This work presents a lightweight protocol to update each device in a secure way. The cryptographic keys employed are fresh and are not stored but reconstructed by exploiting the Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) of the device hardware. The feasibility of the proposal is illustrated with experimental results of IoT devices that use the SRAM PUFs in their Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) system on chips.
A new model for dermatitis herpetiformis that uses HLA-DQ8 transgenic NOD mice (2004)

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is associated with gluten sensitivity. It presents as a papulovesicular rash and is often associated with enteropathy. The rash resolves when the patient is placed on a gluten-free diet and/or dapsone. DH, as well as celiac disease, is tightly associated with DQ2 and DQ8. A novel mouse model for DH is described that utilizes the NOD background and the HLA-DQ8 transgene. The addition of DQ8 contributes sensitivity to gliadin, and the addition of the NOD background contributes to autoimmunity and pathogenesis. Fifteen NOD DQ8+ mice of 90 that were sensitized to gluten developed blistering pathology similar to that seen in DH. Neutrophil infiltration of the dermis, deposition of IgA at the dermal-epidermal junction, and a complete reversal of the blistering phenomenon with the administration of a gluten-free diet with or without dapsone were observed. None of the 3 blistering mice examined had small-bowel pathology. This animal model of DH will be useful to determine the specificity of the IgA deposits, as well as the pathogenic mechanisms that occur in the skin as a result of gluten ingestion.
Preparation of a Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) Type Microcapsules by a Single-droplet-drying Method and Change in Encapsulation Efficiency of a Hydrophilic Substance during Storage (2003)

Microcapsules of a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion, which contained a hydrophilic substance, 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (PTSA), in its inner aqueous phase, was prepared by hot-air-drying or freeze-drying the emulsion using a single-droplet-drying method. Pullulan, maltodextrin, or gum arabic was used as a wall material, and the oily phase was tricaprylin, oleic acid, olive oil, or a mixture of tricaprylin and olive oil. An encapsulation efficiency higher than 0.95 was reached except for the microcapsules prepared using gum arabic and oleic acid. The hot-air-dried microcapsules were generally more stable than the freeze-dried microcapsules at 37 degrees C and various relative humidities. The stability was higher for the microcapsules with tricaprylin as the oily phase than for the microcapsules with oleic acid. The higher stability of the microcapsules with tricaprylin would be ascribed to the lower partition coefficient of PTSA to the oily phase. There was a tendency for the stability to be higher at lower relative humidity for both the hot-air- and freeze-dried microcapsules. The volumetric fraction of olive oil in its mixture with tricaprylin did not significantly affect either the encapsulation efficiency or the stability of the hot-air-dried microcapsules.
Sample-Adaptive GANs: Linking Global and Local Mappings for Cross-Modality MR Image Synthesis (2020)

Generative adversarial network (GAN) has been widely explored for cross-modality medical image synthesis. The existing GAN models usually adversarially learn a global sample space mapping from the source-modality to the target-modality and then indiscriminately apply this mapping to all samples in the whole space for prediction. However, due to the scarcity of training samples in contrast to the complicated nature of medical image synthesis, learning a single global sample space mapping that is "optimal" to all samples is very challenging, if not intractable. To address this issue, this paper proposes sample-adaptive GAN models, which not only cater for the global sample space mapping between the source- and the target-modalities but also explore the local space around each given sample to extract its unique characteristic. Specifically, the proposed sample-adaptive GANs decompose the entire learning model into two cooperative paths. The baseline path learns a common GAN model by fitting all the training samples as usual for the global sample space mapping. The new sample-adaptive path additionally models each sample by learning its relationship with its neighboring training samples and using the target-modality features of these training samples as auxiliary information for synthesis. Enhanced by this sample-adaptive path, the proposed sample-adaptive GANs are able to flexibly adjust themselves to different samples, and therefore optimize the synthesis performance. Our models have been verified on three cross-modality MR image synthesis tasks from two public datasets, and they significantly outperform the state-of-the-art methods in comparison. Moreover, the experiment also indicates that our sample-adaptive strategy could be utilized to improve various backbone GAN models. It complements the existing GANs models and can be readily integrated when needed.
Synthesis of Imidazolidin-4-ones via a Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Intramolecular C–H Amination (2016)

Expanding Nature’s catalytic repertoire to include reactions important in synthetic chemistry opens new opportunities for biocatalysis. An intramolecular C–H amination route to imidazolidin-4-ones via α-functionalization of 2-aminoacetamides catalyzed by evolved variants of cytochrome P450BM3 (CYP102A1) from Bacillus megaterium has been developed. Screening of a library of ca. 100 variants based on four template mutants with enhanced activity for the oxidation of unnatural substrates and preparative scale reactions in vitro and in vivo show that the enzymes give up to 98% isolated yield of cyclization products for diverse substrates. 2-Aminoacetamides with one- and two-ring cyclic amines bearing substituents and aliphatic, alicyclic, and substituted aromatic amides are cyclized. Regiodivergent C–H amination was achieved at benzylic and nonbenzylic positions in a tetrahydroisoquinolinyl substrate by the use of different mutants. This C–H amination reaction offers a scalable route to imidazolidin-4-ones with varied functionalized substituents that may have desirable biological activity.
A High-Fidelity Temperature Distribution Forecasting System for Data Centers (2012)

Data centers have become a critical computing infrastructure in the era of cloud computing. Temperature monitoring and forecasting are essential for preventing overheating-induced server shutdowns and improving a data center's energy efficiency. This paper presents a novel cyber-physical approach for temperature forecasting in data centers, which integrates Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling, in situ wireless sensing, and real-time data-driven prediction. To ensure the forecasting fidelity, we leverage the realistic physical thermodynamic models of CFD to generate transient temperature distribution and calibrate it using sensor feedback. Both simulated temperature distribution and sensor measurements are then used to train a real-time prediction algorithm. As a result, our approach significantly reduces the computational complexity of online temperature modeling and prediction, which enables a portable, noninvasive thermal monitoring solution that does not rely on the infrastructure of monitored data center. We extensively evaluated our system on a rack of 15 servers and a test bed of five racks and 229 servers in a production data center. Our results show that our system can predict the temperature evolution of servers with highly dynamic workloads at an average error of 0.52C, within a duration up to 10 minutes.
The importance of wound documentation and classification (1999)

Good wound documentation has become increasingly important over the last 10 years. Wound assessment provides a baseline situation against which a patient's plan of care can be evaluated. A number of documents have been implemented including the 'Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors' (UKCC, 1992), the 'Post-registration Education Project' (UKCC, 1997), 'Standards of Records and Record Keeping' (UKCC, 1998), and 'Keeping the Record Straight' (NHS Executive (NHS E), 1993). These documents require nurses to maintain their professional knowledge and competence, and to recognize any deficiency in their knowledge. Having recognized any deficiency they should read the relevant literature and/or attend a study day on wound care. Nursing records are the first source of evidence investigated when a complaint is made. Wound assessment is very complex and a standardized approach to evaluation needs to be adopted. Such evaluation should encompass colour classification, wound measurement, and classification of tissue type present in the wound. There are numerous methods of measuring wounds; these range from the simple, such as manual estimation by means of a ruler or wound tracing, to the more technical procedures, e.g. computer, image analysis, and colour imaging using hue saturation and intensity. Photography, in conjunction with nursing notes, provides a very good form of wound documentation and can provide clear evidence if required for legal cases.