gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNAM-1 controls NK cell activation via an ITT-like motif (2015)

DNAM-1 (CD226) is an activating receptor expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, CD8(+) T cells, and other immune cells. Upon recognition of its ligands, CD155 and CD112, DNAM-1 promotes NK cell-mediated elimination of transformed and virus-infected cells. It also has a key role in expansion and maintenance of virus-specific memory NK cells. Herein, the mechanism by which DNAM-1 controls NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine production was elucidated. Cytotoxicity and cytokine production triggered by DNAM-1 were mediated via a conserved tyrosine- and asparagine-based motif in the cytoplasmic domain of DNAM-1. Upon phosphorylation by Src kinases, this motif enabled binding of DNAM-1 to adaptor Grb2, leading to activation of enzymes Vav-1, phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase, and phospholipase C-γ1. It also promoted activation of kinases Erk and Akt, and calcium fluxes. Although, as reported, DNAM-1 promoted adhesion, this function was signal-independent and insufficient to promote cytotoxicity. DNAM-1 signaling was also required to enhance cytotoxicity, by increasing actin polymerization and granule polarization. We propose that DNAM-1 promotes NK cell activation via an immunoreceptor tyrosine tail (ITT)-like motif coupling DNAM-1 to Grb2 and other downstream effectors.
Fatigue and associated factors in hemodialysis patients in Taiwan (2006)

The number of patients suffering from end-stage renal disease is increasing rapidly around the world, including in Taiwan. Hemodialysis (HD) patients report fatigue as a major stressor. The purpose of this correlational study with systematic sampling was to explore fatigue and associated physiological, psychological, and situational factors in 119 Taiwanese HD patients. Results indicate that levels of fatigue were mild. Three variables (gender, employment, and depression) had a significant impact on fatigue. Some differences in physiological factors by depression, gender, and employment were found. Stepwise regressions showed that depression, age, and urea reduction ratio were significant predictors for overall fatigue and two of its dimensions. Some relationships from the theory of unpleasant symptoms were supported.
Variations of Clonal Marrow Stem Cell Lines Established from Human Bone Marrow in Surface Epitopes, Differentiation Potential, Gene Expression, and Cytokine Secretion (2008)

Bone marrow has been considered to contain many different types of progenitor or stem cells. This study aims to establish a new strategy that provides for the rapid establishment of human clonal marrow stem cell (hcMSC) lines with a relatively small amount of bone marrow aspirate and to characterize newly generated hcMSC lines for their cell phenotype, differentiation potential, lineage-specific gene expression, and cytokine secretion. Human cMSC lines were generated with human bone marrow aspirates using a new protocol, called the subfractionation culturing method. The newly established hcMSC lines were analyzed for their cell surface epitopes by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), differentiation potential by in vitro differentiation assays, lineage-specific gene expression by RT-PCR, and cytokine secretion by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The overall profile of the cell-surface epitopes of the newly established hcMSC lines was similar to those of the known MSCs. These hcMSC lines were capable of differentiating into multilineages with some differences in differentiation capability. In addition, these hcMSC lines secrete high levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), TGF-alpha, and interleukein-10 (IL-10), again with some variation in each cell line. The newly designed protocol may be an efficient method to establish hcMSC lines rapidly with a relatively small amount of bone marrow sample, and these newly established hcMSC lines possess stem cell characteristics and exhibit some differences in cell-surface epitopes, differentiation potential, lineage-specific gene expression, and cytokine secretion.
Acyl thrombin photochemistry: kinetics for deacylation of enzyme cinnamate geometric isomers (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcyl thrombin photochemistry: kinetics for deacylation of enzyme cinnamate geometric isomersNed A. Porter and John D. BruhnkeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 19, 7616–7618Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00201a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cytochrome P450 mono‐oxygenase gene expression and protein activity in cultures of adult cardiomyocytes of the rat (2000)

There are a substantial number of drugs acting either directly or indirectly on the heart, but surprisingly, little is known about the metabolic capacity of heart muscle cells. We therefore investigated the gene expression and protein activity of cytochrome P450 isozymes in cultures of adult cardiomyocytes of the rat. Semi-quantitative CYP gene expression pattern suggests CYP1A1 and CYP2B1/2 to be key players in cardiomyocytes and upon treatment with Aroclor 1254 approximate 4 fold inductions could be observed for both gene families, when compared with appropriate controls. The mRNA expression of most genes was sustained for prolonged periods of time, e.g. up to 120 h in culture and in the case of the CYP3A1 gene an approximate 10 fold induction was observed at the higher Aroclor 1254 dose level (10 microM) in 24 h old cultures. The constitutively expressed genes, e.g. CYP2C11 and CYP2E1 are expressed throughout the entire culture period (5 days) and did not respond to Aroclor 1254 treatment. CYP4A1 was mainly expressed in freshly isolated cardiomyocytes of control animals and its expression declined rapidly in culture. There was good agreement between gene expression and translated protein activity using 7-ethoxyresorufin and testosterone as substrates. The data reported herein should foster the routine use of freshly isolated and cultivated cardiomyocytes for drug profiling and toxicity studies.
Transaction Management Using Causal Snapshot Isolation in Partially Replicated Databases (2014)

We present here a transaction management protocol using causal snapshot isolation in partially replicated multi-version databases. We consider here replicated databases consisting of multiple disjoint data partitions. A partition is not required to be replicated at all database sites, and a site may contain replicas for any number of partitions. Transactions can execute at any site and read or write data from any subset of the partitions, and its updates are propagated asynchronously to other sites. The protocol ensures that the snapshot observed by a transaction contains data versions that are causally consistent. The protocol requires propagating updates only to the sites replicating the updated items. In developing this protocol, we address the issues that are unique in supporting transactions with causal consistency together with the snapshot isolation model in partially replicated databases. Through experimental evaluations, we demonstrate the scalability of this model and its performance benefits over full replication models.
Long-Time Operating Experiences With Oberhausen Closed-Cycle Gas-Turbine Plant (1970)

Calculations made prior to building the Oberhausen closed-cycle gas-turbine plant have been fully confirmed after nine years of operation. Operating experiences reviewed are (a) with the air heater, including radiation parts, convection part, brickwork, and double-jacket pipe; (b) with the machine set, including LP and HP compressors, turbine, and gearing; (c) with the heat-exchanging units, including heat exchanger, precooler, and intercoolers; (d) deceleration and acceleration of the machine to/from cold state. Breakdowns and failures referred to were of the sort that can be avoided both safely and cheaply by applying the experience we have now accumulated.
Deep Neural Network Retrieval (2021)

With the rapid development of deep learning-based techniques, the general public can use a lot of "machine learning as a service" (MLaaS), which provides end-to-end machine learning solutions. Taking the image classification task as an example, users only need to update their dataset and labels to MLaaS without requiring the specific knowledge of machine learning or a concrete structure of the classifier. Afterward, MLaaS returns a well-trained classifier to them. In this paper, we explore a potential novel task named "deep neural network retrieval" and its application which helps MLaaS to save computation resources. MLaaS usually owns a huge amount of well-trained models for various tasks and datasets. If a user requires a task that is similar to the one having been finished previously, MLaaS can quickly retrieve a model rather than training from scratch. We propose a pragmatic solution and two different approaches to extract the semantic feature of DNN representing the function of DNN, which is analogous to the usage of word2vec in natural language processing. The semantic feature of DNN can be expressed as a vector by feeding some well-designed litmus images into the DNN or as a matrix by reversely constructing the most desired input of DNN. Both methods can consider the topological information and parameters of the DNN simultaneously. Extensive experiments, including multiple datasets and networks, also demonstrate the efficiency of our method and show the high accuracy of deep neural network retrieval.
A study of modified polyimide surfaces as related to adhesion (1990)

Surfaces of fully imidized pyromellitic, dianhydride–oxydianiline (PMDA-ODA) based polyimide films have been studied after argon ion-beam bombardment or treatment with either oxygen or nitrogen plasmas. The treated surfaces were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface energy measurements. The XPS spectrum of the C1s level showed that intensity related to carbonyl and imide ring structure decreases while that related to carbon-to-carbon bonding increases with argon ion bombardment. Oxygen plasma treatment resulted in an increase by a factor of two in the atomic concentration of oxygen and a decrease of carbon concentration. Polycarbonate and/or peroxy type carbon–oxygen structures were formed as indicated by the C1s level. Treatment with a nitrogen plasma caused an increase in the atomic percent of nitrogen by a factor of three, a decrease in carbon and no change in the oxygen. The N1s level was resolved into three peaks that are assigned in part to imide and nitrile moieties. All of the modified polyimide surfaces show significant improvement in adhesion to a overcoated chromium film. This enhancement in adhesion is attributed to the increased surface energy and number of bonding sites. Surface topography studies by SEM show the relative smoothness of the surface is reduced slightly after ion bombardment and plasma treatments.
Hypertensive Effect of the Hydralazine—Acetone Hydrazone in Conscious Rabbits (1982)

The hydralazine--acetone hydrazone (HAH) has previously been identified as a metabolite of hydralazine (H) in humans. We compared the hypotensive effects of HAH and H in groups of hypertensive rabbits. Both compounds caused a dose-dependent depressor response, with a potency ratio of HAH to H of approximately 0.2. Upon their intravenous administration to anephric rabbits, both H and HAH produced sustained concentrations in plasma of the H-pyruvic acid hydrazone, demonstrating that back-conversion of HAH to H occurred in vivo. We conclude that HAH is hydrolyzed in vivo to yield parent H. The levels of the H-metabolite, the pyruvic acid hydrazone, suggest that the hypotensive effect of HAH could be explained entirely by generation of H in vivo. This combined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approach can be applied to other H-hydrazones to evaluate their backconversion to H in vivo.
The Impact of Combined Channel Mismatch Effects in Time-Interleaved ADCs (2005)

A time-interleaved multichannel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) achieves high sampling rates with the drawback of additional distortions caused by channel mismatches. In this paper, we consider the dependency of the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SINAD) on the combination of several different channel mismatch effects. By using either explicitly given mismatch parameters or given parameter distributions, we derive closed-form equations for calculating the explicit or the expected SINAD for an arbitrary number of channels. Furthermore, we extend the explicit SINAD by the impact of timing jitter. We clarify how channel mismatches interact and perform a worst case analysis of the explicit SINAD for individual mismatch errors. We also show that equations describing the expected SINAD of individual mismatch errors are special cases of our general formulation. We indicate how to use the expected SINAD for finding efficient optimization priorities and demonstrate the importance of worst case analyses.
Preferential idiotype-isotype associations in antibodies to dinitrophenyl antigens. (1982)

Murine IgG antibodies to DNP-protein are predominantly IgG1 and IgG2 whereas those against DNP-Ficoll (DNP-F) are mainly IgG3. Isotype restriction in this and other systems may mean that certain heavy chain variable regions (VH) are preferentially associated with particular constant regions (CH) in the immune response. We studied idiotypes of several monoclonal antibodies to DNP in an effort to identify VH regions that may be restricted in this way. Two idiotypes, 7-17 and 8-11, identified on IgG3 hybridomas raised against DNP-Ficoll, were expressed prominently both in immune sera and by IgG3-secreting plaque-forming cells (PFC) against DNP-F. By contrast, these idiotypes were barely detectable in antisera to DNP-proteins and were not expressed by IgG1- or IgG2-secreting PFC. Thus, the 7-17, and 8-11 idiotypes may be restricted to IgG3 and to responses to T-independent DNP antigens. Conversely, the 460 idiotype was expressed prominently in antisera to DNP-proteins but only weakly in antisera to DNP-F. The 460 idiotype was found on IgG1 and IgG2 PFC but not on PFC secreting IgG3. These results suggest that in heterogeneous immune responses to a single antigenic determinant, certain VH regions may be preferentially associated with particular CH isotypes.
Direct Detection of the Hole Migration along the Polymer Chain by Means of Picosecond Transient Absorption and Dichroism Measurements:  Poly(<i>N</i>-vinylbenzocarbazole) Systems in 1,2-Dichloroethane Solution (1997)

Picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and transient dichroism measurements were applied to the direct elucidation of photoinduced electron-transfer dynamics (charge separation, charge recombination, and hole-transfer reactions) in poly(5-vinylbenzo[b]carbazole) (P5VBCz) and poly(7-vinylbenzo[c]carbazole) (P7VBCz) as well as the corresponding monomer model systems in 1,2-dichloroethane solution. Electron-transfer dynamics in these polymers was well described by the simple scheme that the cation state of the benzocarbazolyl (BCz+) moiety continuously migrates along the pendent BCz moieties in the polymer chain with the charge recombination at the initial position of the charge separation. The rate constants for the hole transfer from the BCz+ to neighboring ones were found to be (180 ps)-1 for P5VBCz and (320 ps)-1 for P7VBCz. These rate constants are several orders of magnitude larger than those estimated by the standard theories of electron transfer assuming a very weak interaction between the reactants. By integrating the present results with those in other aromatic vinyl polymers, the factors regulating the rapid hole-transfer process in aromatic vinyl polymers were discussed.
Inhibition by Amoxanox (AA-673) of the Immunologically, Leukotriene D<sub>4</sub>- or Platelet-Activating Factor-Stimulated Bronchoconstriction in Guinea Pigs and Rats (1985)

We studied the effects of amoxanox (AA-673) on allergic asthma and spasmogen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs and rats. Amoxanox given orally or parenterally inhibited allergic asthma mediated by IgE, IgG1, or heterologous IgG in guinea pigs and by IgE in rats. This compound also reduced leukotriene D4- and platelet-activating factor-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs, strongly suggesting an antagonistic activity against slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). Histamine- or acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction was not significantly affected by amoxanox. These antiasthmatic effects of amoxanox seem to be associated with an inhibition of the release of chemical mediators such as histamine and SRS-A and with an antagonism against SRS-A.
Laser-induced color centers in silica (2001)

Color centers contributing to the optical absorption spectrum of synthetic silica glass in the near infrared to vacuum UV range are reviewed. Intrinsic defects related to oxygen deficiency are characterized: E'-centers, oxygen vacancies, divalent silicon and defects related to oxygen excess: oxygen dangling bonds, peroxy radicals, interstitial oxygen and ozone molecules. The optical properties of common impurities/dopants in synthetic silicas used in laser optics are discussed.
Surface hydrophobicity, nutritional contents affect <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilms and temperature influences its survival in preformed biofilms (2010)

The present study investigates the effect of surface hydrophobicity and media on in vitro biofilm formation potential of S. aureus isolates from two dairies. There was lack of correlation between biofilm formation potential of S. aureus and sampling points but not with the source of isolation. Biofilm formation was more pronounced on hydrophobic polypropylene (PP) than hydrophilic stainless steel (SSC). A better correlation was established between the biofilms on SSC and PP when analyzed by crystal violet staining than conventional plating method. On comparative evaluation of nutrient rich and diluted growth media, enhanced biofilm formation was observed in latter (1/20 tryptic soya broth). Highest survival in the preformed biofilms was observed at incubation temperature of 25 °C in sterilized skim milk rather than TSB. The present study signify preferable adherence of S. aureus on hydrophobic surfaces and potential survival within preformed biofilm at temperatures prevalent in dairy industries.
Satellite radar interferometric map of the coseismic deformation field of the M = 6.1 Eureka Valley, California Earthquake of May 17, 1993 (1995)

Interferometric combination of pairs of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the ERS‐1 satellite before and after the Eureka Valley, California earthquake of May 17, 1993 maps the coseismic deformation field. The fringes corresponding to contours of equal change in satellite‐to‐ground distance can be enhanced by forming the sum of two of such interferograms with altitudes of ambiguity roughly equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. The resulting composite interferogram reveals some 10 cm of change in range indicating a coseismic deepening of the Eureka Valley graben. After unwrapping, filtering and decimation, the range changes are used to estimate the centroid and focal mechanism. These estimates indicate normal faulting on a rupture patch compatible with the distribution of aftershocks and mapped Quaternary faults. The change in elevation produced by this earthquake resembles the current topography scaled by a factor of 20,000.
Cloning and expression of an isoform of the rat μ opioid receptor (rMOR1B) which differs in agonist induced desensitization from rMOR1 (1995)

A novel rat mu opioid receptor (rMOR1B) has been isolated. It shows identity to the recently published sequence of rMOR1 [Chen, et al., Mol. Pharmacol., 44 (1993) 8-12] up to amino acid 386 and differs only in length and amino acid composition at the very carboxy-terminal tail. Both mu opioid receptor isoforms, when stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells, show similar affinities to opioid compounds and are equally effective in the inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP formation. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that rMOR1B displays a similar distribution as rMOR1 in various rat brain areas. Studies measuring the inhibition of adenylate cyclase in cells that had been pre-exposed to the mu opioid agonist DAMGO indicated that rMOR1B is much more resistant to agonist-induced desensitization than rMOR1.
Clopidogrel: a review of its mechanism of action (1998)

The search for active antiplatelet drugs within the original chemical class of the thienopyridines, led to the discovery of clopidogrel, a novel ADP-selective agent whose antiaggregating properties are several times higher than those of ticlopidine. The antiaggregating properties of this compound are well known and, very recently, new results have clarified its mechanism of action. Clopidogrel is active only after intravenous or oral administration, and no circulating activity has been found in the plasma of treated animals or human volunteers. Experiments in rats have demonstrated that the antiaggregating activity was caused by a shortlasting metabolite generated in the liver by a cytochrome P450-dependent pathway. The antiaggregating property of clopidogrel is caused by an inhibition of the binding of ADP to its platelet receptors, and more specifically to the low affinity receptors, the high affinity binding sites being unaffected by clopidogrel. Several events in the ADP activation process, including adenylyl cyclase down-regulation, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, activation of the GPIIb-IIIa complex, fibrinogen binding, aggregation and release, were inhibited by clopidogrel and indicate their close relationship with the activation of a low affinity receptor by ADP. In contrast, binding of ADP to its high affinity binding sites (clopidogrel-resistant receptors) induced shape change, cytosolic calcium increase and phosphorylations of several other proteins, some events which were clopidogrel-sensitive. Thus, clopidogrel not only constitutes a potent antithrombotic drug in humans but also a good tool to study the effect of ADP on platelets.
Dilator method and needle method for atrial transseptal puncture: a retrospective study from a cohort of 4443 patients (2012)

Our data suggest that the new dilator technique is much safer than that of the standard needle method. It needs relatively longer procedure time but results in significantly fewer episodes of severe complications. Particularly, the blunt tip of the dilator can be used to help locate the fossa ovalis. Therefore, the new dilator technique might be a better choice for relatively less-experienced operators.