gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereospecific analysis of triglycerides: an alternative method (1967)

A new method for the stereospecific analysis of triglycerides is demonstrated on a corn oil which had been analyzed by an earlier method. The triglyceride (1,2,3-triacyl L-glycerol) was partially degraded by means of methyl magnesium bromide. The 1,3-diglyceride was then isolated, and converted into l-2-phosphatidyl phenol, from which phospholipase A cleaved the fatty acids from position 1. The remaining lysophosphatide was analyzed to yield the fatty acids at position 3 of the original triglyceride. The fatty acid composition of position 2 was determined after hydrolysis of the corn oil with pancreatic lipase. This method has the advantage over the one reported previously of yielding direct analyses of the fatty acids in each of the three positions.
<title>CMOS binary position-sensitive photodetector (PSD) array</title> (1997)

The implementation and test results of a 16 by 16 binary CMOS photodetector array for position sensing applications are presented. Unlike conventional position sensitive detectors (PSDs), it can be used for simultaneous multiple spot detection with high accuracy. To decrease the signal processing overhead characteristic of this kind of area arrays, binary detection and random access readout is used. The fill factor and pitch of the array are 30% and 50 micrometers , respectively. Spatial quantization limited position sensing accuracy of 4.3 micrometers is achieved using a uniform spot of 280 micrometers in diameter, total signal power of about 8 nW and pulse width of 8 ms. At lower signal levels, the accuracy is decreased by the spatial noise caused by the nonuniformity of the threshold currents. The array outperforms a typical large-area (approximately 100 mm<SUP>2</SUP>) lateral effect PSD (LEP) when a measurement bandwidth smaller than 10 kHz is used.
Viruses within the <i>Flaviviridae</i> Decrease CD4 Expression and Inhibit HIV Replication in Human CD4+ Cells (2009)

Viral infections alter host cell homeostasis and this may lead to immune evasion and/or interfere with the replication of other microbes in coinfected hosts. Two flaviviruses are associated with a reduction in HIV replication or improved survival in HIV-infected people (dengue virus (DV) and GB virus type C (GBV-C)). GBV-C infection and expression of the GBV-C nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and the DV NS5 protein in CD4(+) T cells inhibit HIV replication in vitro. To determine whether the inhibitory effect on HIV replication is conserved among other flaviviruses and to characterize mechanism(s) of HIV inhibition, the NS5 proteins of GBV-C, DV, hepatitis C virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus (YFV; vaccine strain 17D) were expressed in CD4(+) T cells. All NS5 proteins inhibited HIV replication. This correlated with decreased steady-state CD4 mRNA levels and reduced cell surface CD4 protein expression. Infection of CD4(+) T cells and macrophages with YFV (17D vaccine strain) also inhibited HIV replication and decreased CD4 gene expression. In contrast, mumps virus was not inhibited by the expression of flavivirus NS5 protein or by YFV infection, and mumps infection did not alter CD4 mRNA or protein levels. In summary, CD4 gene expression is decreased by all human flavivirus NS5 proteins studied. CD4 regulation by flaviviruses may interfere with innate and adaptive immunity and contribute to in vitro HIV replication inhibition. Characterization of the mechanisms by which flaviviruses regulate CD4 expression may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for HIV and immunological diseases.
Using genetic algorithms to optimize the behaviour of adaptive multimedia applications in wireless and mobile scenarios (2004)

Adaptive applications are a key concept to take into account when dealing with multimedia internetworking in wireless and mobile environments in which abrupt changes in the network conditions may occur. In these scenarios not all the problems in the multimedia quality are due to congestion, as it happens in fixed networks, but also to interference, mobility, and many other issues. This paper presents an adaptation architecture allowing applications to use adaptation techniques at the application layer to minimize the impact of adverse and changing network conditions. This allows maintaining the QoS perceived by the user in an acceptable level. In addition, we optimize the adaptive behavior using genetic algorithms to estimate the optimal triggers for the adaptation function. We present some results comparing the fitness of using such adaptive techniques against the traditional multimedia internetworking.
Amantadine, Apomorphine and Zolpidem in the Treatment of Disorders of Consciousness (2013)

Survivors of severe brain injuries may end up in a state of 'wakeful unresponsiveness' or in a minimally conscious state. Pharmacological treatments of patients with disorders of consciousness aim to improve arousal levels and recovery of consciousness. We here provide a systematic overview of the therapeutic effects of amantadine, apomorphine and zolpidem in patients recovering from coma. Evidence from clinical trials using these commonly prescribed pharmacological agents suggests positive changes of the patients' neurological status, leading sometimes to dramatic improvements. These findings are discussed in the context of current hypotheses of these agents' therapeutic mechanisms on cerebral function. In order to improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of these drugs, we suggest combining sensitive and specific behavioral tools with neuroimaging and electrophysiological measures in large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental designs. We conclude that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amantadine, apomorphine and zolpidem need further exploration to determine which treatment would provide a better neurological outcome regarding the patient's etiology, diagnosis, time since injury and overall condition.
Primary and Secondary Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model for Human Postoperative Pain  (1999)

Robust primary hyperalgesia to punctate and blunt mechanical stimuli was present. Hyperalgesia distant to the wound, or secondary hyperalgesia, occurred in response to punctate mechanical stimuli, was short-lived, and required greater forces. These results suggest that the most persistent pain behaviors in this model are largely primary hyperalgesia.
'Neural-gas' network for vector quantization and its application to time-series prediction (1993)

A neural network algorithm based on a soft-max adaptation rule is presented. This algorithm exhibits good performance in reaching the optimum minimization of a cost function for vector quantization data compression. The soft-max rule employed is an extension of the standard K-means clustering procedure and takes into account a neighborhood ranking of the reference (weight) vectors. It is shown that the dynamics of the reference (weight) vectors during the input-driven adaptation procedure are determined by the gradient of an energy function whose shape can be modulated through a neighborhood determining parameter and resemble the dynamics of Brownian particles moving in a potential determined by the data point density. The network is used to represent the attractor of the Mackey-Glass equation and to predict the Mackey-Glass time series, with additional local linear mappings for generating output values. The results obtained for the time-series prediction compare favorably with the results achieved by backpropagation and radial basis function networks.
Security and Privacy Challenges in the Smart Grid (2009)

Global electrical grids are verging on the largest technological transformation since the introduction of electricity into the home. The antiquated infrastructure that delivers power to our homes and businesses is being replaced with a collection of digital systems called the smart grid. This grid is the modernization of the existing electrical system that enhances customers' and utilities' ability to monitor, control, and predict energy use.
COMMERCIAL STERILIZATION AND ASEPTIC PACKAGING OF MILK PRODUCTS (1974)

Milk is nature's most nearly perfect food and to utilize its nutritive values milk must be free from all pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic bacteria present, if any, in raw milk supplies are destroyed by the pasteurization process. Milk and its fluid products, so treated, possess on an average of 7–10 days shelflife, which in modem sophisticated distribution systems, is not adequate. Commercial sterilization in conjunction with aseptic packaging extend the shelflife of milk products to 90+ days. These products, excellent in performance, are not yet popular in the dairy case but, if consistent efforts are continued for their promotion, will win consumer's confidence. Increasing application of the sterilization process in the dairy industry has prompted marketing of numerous types and brands of sterlilizing equipment. Every sterilization operation, due to differences in equipment and range of products manufactured, is faced with various problems in commercial applications of the process. Besides technical problems, label declaration and mode of distribution of these products cause legal complications in many areas of this country. Furthermore, no definition for commercially sterilized milk products aseptically packaged in flexible containers has been officially established by federal, state, and local regulatory agencies. Regardless of problems and challenges in commercial application of the sterilization process in the milk industry, potential opportunities in this country for milk products, thus processed, are great.
Susceptibility of Kenyan Wheat Varieties to Head Blight, Fungal Invasion and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation Inoculated with <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> (2002)

Fifteen wheat varieties commercially grown in Kenya were tested for their susceptibility to head blight and mycotoxin accumulation after inoculation with Fusarium graminearum in pot experiments. The strains of the pathogen used had been isolated from wheat collected in different growing areas of Kenya. Head blight susceptibility was assessed as the percentage of spikelets bleached and area under disease progress curve; kernel colonization by fungal mycelium was determined as ergosterol content. All varieties were found to be moderately to highly susceptible. However, the varieties differed in head blight susceptibility (29–68% of spikelets bleached; mean 54%), fungal colonization (67–187 μ g/g ergosterol content; mean 111 μ g/g) and the resulting mycotoxin contamination [deoxynivalenol (DON) 5–31 μ g/g; mean 13.5 μ g/g]. Grain weight reductions due to head blight ranged from 23 to 57% (mean 44%). The varieties could be therefore divided into partially resistant and highly susceptible genotypes. The kernels of highly susceptible varieties had higher mycotoxin and ergosterol contents. However, the kernels of some varieties contained more fungal mycelium (ergosterol) without the corresponding high amounts of DON, suggesting that they possess some resistance to DON accumulation. Less susceptible varieties showed resistance to fungal spread, as indicated by a slow disease development and lower content of fungal biomass.
A 42-cm bore superconducting coil using pre-reacted Nb/sub 3/Sn (1988)

A superconducting magnet being built for the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory Hybrid III system will contain both niobium-titanium and Nb/sub 3/Sn conductors in two separate coils later joined in a common assembly. Prereacted Nb/sub 3/Sn will be in layer-wound coil. A description is given of the coil winding equipment and process used for the proposed 42-cm-bore coil to be wound with 8 layers of high-field conductor and 10 layers of low-field conductor. Each layer will contain about 60 turns. The outside diameter will be 62 cm, and the length 57 cm. When operated at 1.8 K with 2300 A, it will add 4 T to the 9.3 T from a NbTi magnet which surrounds it.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prosodic and accentual information for automatic speech recognition (2003)

Various aspects relating to the human production and perception of speech have gradually been incorporated into automatic speech recognition systems. Nevertheless, the set of speech prosodic features has not yet been used in an explicit way in the recognition process itself. This study presents an analysis of prosody's three most important parameters, namely energy, fundamental frequency and duration, together with a method for incorporating this information into automatic speech recognition. On the basis of a preliminary analysis, a design is proposed for a prosodic feature classifier in which these parameters are associated with orthographic accentuation. Prosodic-accentual features are incorporated in a hidden Markov model recognizer; their theoretical formulation and experimental setup are then presented. Several experiments were conducted to show how the method performs with a Spanish continuous-speech database. Using this approach to process other database subsets, we obtained a word recognition error reduction rate of 28.91%.
Solubilization of low-density lipoprotein with sodium deoxycholate and recombination of apoprotein B with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (1983)

Apoprotein B (apoB) of human plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (d 1.025-1.050 g/mL) has been solubilized with solid sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) above its critical micellar concentration. ApoB is isolated by gel-filtration chromatography as a mixed micellar complex of protein and detergent in high yield in a lipid-free form. A soluble apoB-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) complex has been prepared by incubation of aqueous solutions of apoB-NaDC and DMPC-NaDC (2/1 w/w) at room temperature with detergent removal by extensive dialysis. A combination of gel chromatographic and density gradient fractionation of DMPC-apoB incubation mixtures demonstrates that a reasonably well-defined complex of DMPC and apoB is formed with a 4:1 w/w lipid:protein ratio. Negative-stain electron microscopy shows these particles to be single-bilayer phospholipid vesicles with a diameter of 210 +/- 20 A into which the apoB is incorporated. Circular dichroic spectra of NaDC-solubilized apoB show apoB to have similar conformation to that seen in the native LDL particle. However, apoB that has been complexed with DMPC exhibits more alpha-helix. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows a single band (apparent Mr 366000) for apoB after solubilization, purification, and interaction with phospholipid. The behavior of apoB during its reassociation with phospholipid and the structural features of the DMPC-apoB particle are similar to those observed in the interaction of solubilized membrane proteins with lipid rather than that of other apo-lipoproteins.
Spatial organization of bacterial flora in normal and inflamed intestine: A fluorescence<i>in situ</i>hybridization study in mice (2005)

The proximal and distal colons are functionally different organs with respect to the intestinal flora, representing a bioreactor and a segregation device. The highly organized structure of the colonic flora, its specific arrangement in different colonic segments, and its specialized response to inflammatory stimuli indicate that the intestinal flora is an innate part of host immunity that is under complex control.
Thermoelectric Properties of and Dopant Distribution in SiC Thin Films (1999)

We fabricated thin films of p-type SiC by the evaporation technique with metal dopants such as silver, nickel and copper, which acted as acceptors. The thermoelectric properties of SiC thin films were measured. These p-type dopants could reduce the resistance of SiC films and improve their performance as thermoelectric materials. For samples doped with 5 wt% Ag, the resistivity is very low compared with those of other samples. The thermoelectric power of the Ag-doped sample shows a temperature dependence in contrast to those of other samples.
The Otolith Group (2009)

A review of an exhibition of work by The Otolith Group (Kodwo Eshun and Anjalika Sagar), on display at The Showroom, London. The exhibition presents a series of film pieces that adopt fiction in order to explore impossible or failed histories and the compelling messages contained therein. The work was presented in an elaborate installation designed by artist Will Holder that emphasized the constructed reality of the main film, A Long Time Between Suns (Part 2)(2009).
The Development of a Complete System to Allow Continuous Downhole Chemical Injection Without Affecting the Subsurface and Surface Safety Systems (2010)

Abstract As gas wells mature, the problem of liquid loading and the resultant intermittent flow can reduce production to rates below the anticipated decline curve. It has been demonstrated that the introduction of surfactants such as foamers can mitigate the problems caused by liquid loading, and experience has shown that the introduction of these production enhancing chemicals in a continuous stream at the perforations can significantly reduce critical velocity and extend the productive life of gas wells. At the same time, especially in offshore wells, Operators must maintain a fully functional safety system including the downhole safety valve and the surface master valves and actuators which are controlled by an operating panel and are an integral part of the emergency shutdown system. This is especially true for operators in the North Sea who must adhere to some of the most rigid safety requirements in the industry. Clearly a new system was needed to allow the continuous injection of production enhancing chemicals through the safety systems in the well while maintaining their full integrity. This paper will detail the conception and development of a new downhole safety valve and wellhead penetration system, incorporating a capillary string, to allow an operator to inject production enhancing chemicals through the safety valve while maintaining full control of the surface and subsurface safety equipment. The new system, the deployment of which is also detailed in this paper, is installed by means of slick line and capillary string using a combination of proven intervention methods thus eliminating the need for a major rig operation and saving the operator substantial workover cost.
Behavior of primary bone cells on characterized polystyrene surfaces (1993)

Primary bone cells, isolated from the periosteally stripped calvariae of neonate rats, were cultured on 60Co gamma-irradiation-sterilized bacteriologic-grade polystyrene that had been either surface treated with concentrated sulfuric acid or received further gamma-irradiation treatments facilitated cell colonization of the polystyrene compared to those surfaces not treated in the laboratory. x-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the two treatments introduced different chemical groups onto the polymer surface and that cell adhesion was related to gamma-irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that simple biologic assays, such as cell colonization, are not able to distinguish between differences in surface chemistry demonstrated by such a routinely employed surface analysis technique. Thus, there is a need to develop more sensitive biologic assays that provide functional information of a precision that can be correlated with subtle changes in substratum surface chemistry. Further, we argue that because cells isolated by tissue digestion using proteolytic enzymes respond more readily to changes in the surface chemistry of the substratum they colonize, compared to explanted cells; biologic assays designed for biomaterials testing must take into account changes effected in cell adhesion behavior by isolation procedures.
Fast connected components algorithms for the EREW PRAM (1992)

Article Free Access Share on Fast connected components algorithms for the EREW PRAM Authors: David R. Karger View Profile , Noam Nisan View Profile , Michal Parnas View Profile Authors Info & Claims SPAA '92: Proceedings of the fourth annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architecturesJune 1992 Pages 373–381https://doi.org/10.1145/140901.141920Published:01 June 1992Publication History 23citation408DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations23Total Downloads408Last 12 Months21Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
On the Benefits of Decomposing Policy Engines into Components (2005)

In order for middleware systems to be adaptive, their properties and services need to support a wide variety of application-specific policies. However, application developers and administrators should not be expected to cope with complex policy languages and evaluation engines or to develop custom engines from scratch. In this paper, we discuss the benefits of policy engines designed as component frameworks with a mix of parameterized pre-built and custom logic composed to implement complex policies. To provide an example of such a design approach, we present an authorization architecture for ASP.NET Web services that has been implemented in a real-world system.
Autoantibodies Present Before Symptom Onset in Primary Sjögren Syndrome (2013)

Autoantibodies are characteristic of primary Sjögren syndrome1 and may be involved in its pathogenesis.2 We investigated autoantibodies present before symptom onset in patients with Sjögren syndrome because data on this issue are limited.
Effects of caffeine and carbohydrate mouth rinses on repeated sprint performance (2013)

Our purpose was to examine the effectiveness of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinses in enhancing repeated sprint ability. Previously, studies have shown that a carbohydrate mouth rinse (without ingestion) has beneficial effects on endurance performance that are related to changes in brain activity. Caffeine ingestion has also demonstrated positive effects on sprint performance. However, the effects of carbohydrate or caffeine mouth rinses on intermittent sprints have not been examined previously. Twelve males performed 5 × 6-s sprints interspersed with 24 s of active recovery on a cycle ergometer. Twenty-five milliliters of either a noncaloric placebo, a 6% glucose, or a 1.2% caffeine solution was rinsed in the mouth for 5 s prior to each sprint in a double-blinded and balanced cross-over design. Postexercise maximal heart rate and perceived exertion were recorded, along with power measures. A second experiment compared a combined caffeine-carbohydrate rinse with carbohydrate only. Compared with the placebo mouth rinse, carbohydrate substantially increased peak power in sprint 1 (22.1 ± 19.5 W; Cohen's effect size (ES), 0.81), and both caffeine (26.9 ± 26.9 W; ES, 0.71) and carbohydrate (39.1 ± 25.8 W; ES, 1.08) improved mean power in sprint 1. Experiment 2 demonstrated that a combination of caffeine and carbohydrate improved sprint 1 power production compared with carbohydrate alone (36.0 ± 37.3 W; ES, 0.81). We conclude that carbohydrate and (or) caffeine mouth rinses may rapidly enhance power production, which could have benefits for specific short sprint exercise performance. The ability of a mouth-rinse intervention to rapidly improve maximal exercise performance in the absence of fatigue suggests a central mechanism.