gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquidity Provider Returns in Geometric Mean Markets (2021)

Geometric mean market makers (G Ms), such as Uniswap and Balancer, comprise a popular class of automated market makers (AMMs) defined by the following rule: the reserves of the AMM before and after each trade must have the same (weighted) geometric mean. This paper extends several results known for constant-weight G Ms to the general case of G Ms with time-varying and potentially stochastic weights. These results include the returns and no-arbitrage prices of liquidity pool (LP) shares that investors receive for supplying liquidity to G Ms. Using these expressions, we show how to create G Ms whose LP shares replicate the payoffs of financial derivatives. The resulting hedges are model-independent and exact for derivative contracts whose payoff functions satisfy an elasticity constraint. These strategies allow LP shares to replicate various trading strategies and financial contracts, including standard options. G Ms are thus shown to be capable of recreating a variety of active trading strategies through passive positions in LP shares.
High performance superconducting quantum interference device feedback electronics (1996)

A dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) modulation and feedback circuit operating at a modulation frequency of 16 MHz has been constructed. Using a novel wide band superconducting thin film transformer to impedance match the SQUID to a rf amplifier allows the system to operate at the SQUID noise level for most types of low-TC SQUIDs. This system has a closed loop bandwidth exceeding 2.5 MHz and a slew rate greater than 1×106Φ0/s at frequencies up to 1 MHz. This greatly improved performance compared to existing modulation methods can be obtained without enhancing the transfer function of the SQUID. The system allows low- and high-TC SQUID magnetometers and gradiometers to be operated totally unshielded without unlocking in the dc, 60 Hz, and radio frequency electromagnetic fields present in most SQUID applications.
Quality Control Associated with use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices (1998)

Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were used to monitor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban stream. Replicate SPMDs were exposed during seven consecutive 14-day periods and analyzed for PAHs. Relative percent differences (RPDs) were calculated to determine precision (reproducibility) in SPMD replicates. RPDs ranged from 13.9% to 56.0% (n=14). Variations in replicates encompassed SPMD preparation, deployment, exposure, retrieval, and analysis. Seven SPMDs were spiked at various intervals throughout the study with a mixture of all PAH analytes at 2.0 μg/g triolein per compound. Average percent recovery (n=7) varied from 52% to 82%. Method detection limits (MDLs) were also assessed by spiking ten SPMDs at 0.200 μg/g with equal amounts of a PAH mixture. Most MDLs for PAHs in SPMDs ranged from 0.054 to 0.178 μg/g triolein, however, if considering a 14-day exposure period, these MDLs can be translated into water concentrations of 2.1 ng/L to 13 ng/L. These values are as much as 2 000 times lower than MDLs for methods which employ solvent extraction and high performance liquid chromatography to directly measure PAHs in water. Blank SPMDs were prepared, and analyzed along with each set of field exposures and proved to be free of PAH contaminants above MDLs.
Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox activity rescues human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress and reduces choroidal neovascularization (2014)

The effectiveness of current treatment for age related macular degeneration (AMD) by targeting one molecule is limited due to its multifactorial nature and heterogeneous pathologies. Treatment strategy to target multiple signaling pathways or pathological components in AMD pathogenesis is under investigation for better clinical outcome. Inhibition of the redox function of apurinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1) was found to suppress endothelial angiogenesis and promote neuronal cell recovery, thereby may serve as a potential treatment for AMD. In the current study, we for the first time have found that a specific inhibitor of APE1 redox function by a small molecule compound E3330 regulates retinal pigment epithelium (RPEs) cell response to oxidative stress. E3330 significantly blocked sub-lethal doses of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induced proliferation decline and senescence advancement of RPEs. At the same time, E3330 remarkably decreased the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and down-regulated the productions of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as attenuated the level of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in RPEs. A panel of stress and toxicity responsive transcription factors that were significantly upregulated by oxLDL was restored by E3330, including Nrf2/Nrf1, p53, NF-κB, HIF1, CBF/NF-Y/YY1, and MTF-1. Further, a single intravitreal injection of E3330 effectively reduced the progression of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mouse eyes. These data revealed that E3330 effectively rescued RPEs from oxidative stress induced senescence and dysfunctions in multiple aspects in vitro, and attenuated laser-induced damages to RPE-Bruch׳s membrane complex in vivo. Together with its previously established anti-angiogenic and neuroprotection benefits, E3330 is implicated for potential use for AMD treatment.
A Supramolecular [10]CPP Junction Enables Efficient Electron Transfer in Modular Porphyrin–[10]CPP⊃Fullerene Complexes (2018)

Efficient photoinduced electron transfer was observed across a [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) moiety that serves as a rigid non-covalent bridge between a zinc porphyrin and a range of fullerenes. The preparation of iodo-[10]CPP is the key to the synthesis of a porphyrin-[10]CPP conjugate, which binds C<sub>60</sub> , C<sub>70</sub> , (C<sub>60</sub> )<sub>2</sub> , and other fullerenes (K<sub>A</sub> >10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>-1</sup> ). Fluorescence and pump-probe spectroscopy revealed intramolecular energy transfer between CPP and porphyrin and also efficient charge separation between porphyrin and fullerenes, affording up to 0.5 μs lifetime charge-separated states. The advantage of this approach towards electron donor-acceptor dyads is evident in the case of dumbbell-shaped (C<sub>60</sub> )<sub>2</sub> , which gave intricate charge-transfer behavior in 1:1 and 2:1 complexes. These results suggest that [10]CPP and its cross-coupled derivatives could act as supramolecular mediators of charge transport in organic electronic devices.
An Information-Processing Study of a Complex Workflow in Aircraft Electronics Repair (1984)

John L. Kmetz This paper is a qualitative analysis of an intensive study of a maintenance workflow used at shore bases and aboard U. S. Navy aircraft carriers. The study describes repair processes for U.S. Navy aviation electronics using automatic test equipment. It includes the intended functioning of the workflow, problems in this workflow, and informal adjustments to compensate for these problems. Observations from the study are used to develop a detailed description of information processing, in which information buffers are identified as a significant underlying mechanism for adjusting workflow problems. Task and management information processing are differentiated, and implications of the findings for organization slack and loose coupling are discussed.*
Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> (2014)

Nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a prerequisite to invasion to the lungs or bloodstream(1). This organism is capable of colonizing the mucosal surface of the nasopharynx, where it can reside, multiply and eventually overcome host defences to invade to other tissues of the host. Establishment of an infection in the normally lower respiratory tract results in pneumonia. Alternatively, the bacteria can disseminate into the bloodstream causing bacteraemia, which is associated with high mortality rates(2), or else lead directly to the development of pneumococcal meningitis. Understanding the kinetics of, and immune responses to, nasopharyngeal colonization is an important aspect of S. pneumoniae infection models. Our mouse model of intranasal colonization is adapted from human models(3) and has been used by multiple research groups in the study of host-pathogen responses in the nasopharynx(4-7). In the first part of the model, we use a clinical isolate of S. pneumoniae to establish a self-limiting bacterial colonization that is similar to carriage events in human adults. The procedure detailed herein involves preparation of a bacterial inoculum, followed by the establishment of a colonization event through delivery of the inoculum via an intranasal route of administration. Resident macrophages are the predominant cell type in the nasopharynx during the steady state. Typically, there are few lymphocytes present in uninfected mice(8), however mucosal colonization will lead to low- to high-grade inflammation (depending on the virulence of the bacterial species and strain) that will result in an immune response and the subsequent recruitment of host immune cells. These cells can be isolated by a lavage of the tracheal contents through the nares, and correlated to the density of colonization bacteria to better understand the kinetics of the infection.
STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS INTO TRANSLATIONAL FIDELITY (2005)

The underlying basis for the accuracy of protein synthesis has been the subject of over four decades of investigation. Recent biochemical and structural data make it possible to understand at least in outline the structural basis for tRNA selection, in which codon recognition by cognate tRNA results in the hydrolysis of GTP by EF-Tu over 75 A away. The ribosome recognizes the geometry of codon-anticodon base pairing at the first two positions but monitors the third, or wobble position, less stringently. Part of the additional binding energy of cognate tRNA is used to induce conformational changes in the ribosome that stabilize a transition state for GTP hydrolysis by EF-Tu and subsequently result in accelerated accommodation of tRNA into the peptidyl transferase center. The transition state for GTP hydrolysis is characterized, among other things, by a distorted tRNA. This picture explains a large body of data on the effect of antibiotics and mutations on translational fidelity. However, many fundamental questions remain, such as the mechanism of activation of GTP hydrolysis by EF-Tu, and the relationship between decoding and frameshifting.
Probabilistic performance modeling of virtualized resource allocation (2010)

Virtualization technologies enable organizations to dynamically flex their IT resources based on workload fluctuations and changing business needs. However, only through a formal understanding of the relationship between application performance and virtualized resource allocation can over-provisioning or over-loading of physical IT resources be avoided. In this paper, we examine the probabilistic relationships between virtualized CPU allocation, CPU contention, and application response time, to enable autonomic controllers to satisfy service level objectives (SLOs) while more effectively utilizing IT resources. We show that with only minimal knowledge of application and system behaviors, our methodology can model the probability distribution of response time with a mean absolute error of less than 6% when compared with the measured response time distribution. We then demonstrate the usefulness of a probabilistic approach with case studies. We apply basic laws of probability to our model to investigate whether and how CPU allocation and contention affect application response time, correcting for their effects on CPU utilization. We find mean absolute differences of 8-10% between the modeled response time distributions of certain allocation states, and a similar difference when we add CPU contention. This methodology is general, and should also be applicable to non-CPU virtualized resources and other performance modeling problems.
Taxol and anti-stathmin therapy: a synergistic combination that targets the mitotic spindle. (2000)

Stathmin is an abundant cytosolic phosphoprotein that plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation. Its major function is to promote depolymerization of the microtubules that make up the mitotic spindle. Taxol is an effective chemotherapeutic agent whose activity is mediated through stabilization of the microtubules of the mitotic spindle. We demonstrate that antisense inhibition of stathmin expression chemosensitizes K562 leukemic cells to the antitumor effects of Taxol and results in a synergistic inhibition of their growth and clonogenic potential. In the presence of stathmin inhibition, exposure to Taxol results in more severe mitotic abnormalities (hypodiploidy and multinucleation). This, in turn, results in increased apoptosis of the aneuploid cells during subsequent cell division cycles. This novel molecular-based therapeutic approach may provide an effective form of cancer therapy that would avoid the severe toxicities associated with the use of multiple chemotherapeutic agents with overlapping toxicity profiles.
Lithologies and Depositional Environments of the Allen Bay-Read Bay Formations (Ordovician-Silurian) on Svendsen Peninsula, Central Ellesmere Island (1973)

Abstract On Svendsen Peninsula, central Ellesmere Island, up to 3,800 feet (1160 m) of carbonates of the Allen Bay-Read Bay Formations are exposed. These carbonates are replaced westwards by the shales of the Cape Phillips Formation. The rock types of the Allen Bay-Read Bay Formations are varied, and include dark basinal lime mudstone, winnowed skeletal sand and oolite, and supratidal algal carbonates. Six depostional environments can be distinguished on the basis of lithology: 1. basinal environment, 2. basin margin environment, 3. basin slope and shelf edge environment, 4. winnowed shelf evironment, 5. unwinnowed shelf environment, and 6. mixed shelf environment. Reefal development took place in three distinct, successive periods during the time from Late Ordovician to Late Silurian. Carbonates of the second period (Llandoverian-Wenlockian) have the largest regional extent and were deposited in a main reef front in the Vendom Fiord area and in a system of shoals and channels farther west.
A single‐step multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of white spot syndrome virus and infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus in penaeid shrimp (2006)

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) are the major viral pathogens of penaeid shrimp worldwide (Lightner & Redman 1998). Litopenaeus vannamei was introduced into China from the Americas, and quickly became widely cultured. Following its introduction, both IHHNV and WSSV have become important pathogens of cultured penaeid shrimp and have had a huge impact on the culture industry in China in recent years.
Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease and Mesenteric Lipodystrophy (1984)

Cholesterol ester storage disease is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder of lipid associated with acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase deficiency. Thus far, 15 cases have been reported in the world literature. Reported here is the autopsy study of the oldest patient with this disease. The lipid storage occurred in the forms of birefringent needle-shaped crystals limited to hepatocytes and non-birefringent autofluorescent granules accumulated within the foam cells of the hepatic portal triads, duodenum, and ovaries. The cholesterol content of the liver was 16 times normal, primarily caused by increased cholesterol ester. Only trace cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity was demonstrated in the liver. An additional unique finding in our case was the presence of mesenteric lipodystrophy. Whether these two rare disorders observed in our patient represent unrelated conditions or have an etiologic association remains unknown.
High‐Mobility Organic Transistors Based on Single‐Crystalline Microribbons of Triisopropylsilylethynyl Pentacene via Solution‐Phase Self‐Assembly (2007)

Single-crystalline triisopropylsilylethynyl pentacene (TIPS-PEN) microribbons (see figure) with well-defined facets and unprecedented electrical characteristics, such as a field-effect mobility as high as 1.4 cm2 V–1 s–1, are fabricated through the self-assembly of individual TIPS-PEN molecules as a result of solvophobic interactions in the solution phase adopting preferential well-ordered intermolecular π–π stacking along the ribbon axis. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c1259_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
20.2% efficiency Al0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs tandem solar cells grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1987)

We report on the fabrication and the characteristics of Al0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs tandem solar cells. The annealing characteristics of GaAs tunnel diodes are studied. It is found that the degradation of the tunnel peak current density by the annealing is suppressed for the diodes composed of a GaAs tunnel junction sandwiched between AlGaAs layers. The tunnel junction is applied to the interconnect between the Al0.4Ga0.6As top cell and the GaAs bottom cell for the tandem solar cell. The cell has a short-circuit current density of 13.8 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 2.10 V, a fill factor of 70.0%, and a conversion efficiency of 20.2% at 1 sun, AM1.5. This efficiency is the highest ever reported at 1 sun for tandem solar cells.
Protease inhibitors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from neonates with special reference to secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (1992)

An imbalance of proteolytic enzymes and protease inhibitors may contribute to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We studied secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (not previously addressed), and alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and elastase. Albumin was used as an internal reference. Infants with pneumonia had higher concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (p = 0.02) and elastase (p = 0.04) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than those with respiratory distress syndrome; those who also developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia had intermediate values. A decreased concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin was found in the second and third postnatal weeks (p = 0.002). Further detailed studies of the balance between proteases and protease inhibitors and of the importance of pulmonary infections in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia are suggested. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is important both as an elastase inhibitor of bronchial mucus and as a marker of infection in the bronchi.
Adaptive digital predistortion of laser diode nonlinearity for wireless applications (2004)

Nonlinearity of a directly modulated laser diode imposes limitations in the performance of fiber based wireless access schemes. Previously, laser diode nonlinearity has been investigated in CATV related applications. In the CATV scenario, analog optoelectronic compensation schemes have been widely attempted due to the analog nature modulating signals. However, fiber based wireless schemes provide a unique opportunity for digital compensation. In this scenario, although the modulating signal is analog radio signal at several GHz, the information is conveyed through baseband digital symbols that have few Mbps bit rate. The nonlinear distortion of the laser, therefore, reflects on the amplitude and phase distortion of these vector modulated baseband information sequence and, correcting these distortions at baseband symbol rate is adequate. This fact is used in this paper to attempt an adaptive digital predistortion for wireless applications.
The emerging role of oxylipins in thrombosis and diabetes (2014)

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the US, is predicted to increase due to the shift in age of the general population and increase in CVD risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. New therapies are required to decrease the prevalence of CVD risk factors (obesity and diabetes) as well as reduce atherothrombosis, the major cause of CVD related mortality. Oxylipins, bioactive metabolites derived from the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, play a role in the progression of CVD risk factors and thrombosis. Aspirin, a cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor, decreases atherothrombotic associated mortality by 25%. These potent effects of aspirin have shown the utility of modulating oxylipin signaling pathways to decrease CVD mortality. The role of many oxylipins in the progression of CVD, however, is still uncertain or controversial. An increased understanding of the role oxylipins play in CVD risk factors and thrombosis could lead to new therapies to decrease the prevalence of CVD and its associated mortality.
Aerosolization of P2Y<sub>2</sub>-receptor agonists enhances mucociliary clearance in sheep (1999)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether aerosolized INS316 (UTP) stimulates lung mucociliary clearance (MCC) in sheep and, if so, to compare its effects with INS365, a novel P2Y(2)-receptor agonist. In the first series of studies, we used a previously described roentgenographic technique to measure tracheal mucus velocity (TMV), an index of MCC, before and for 4 h after aerosolization of INS316 (10(-1) M and 10(-2) M) and INS365 (10(-1) M and 10(-2) M), or normal saline in a randomized crossover fashion (n = 6). In a second series of studies, we compared the ability of these agents to enhance total lung clearance. For these tests, the clearance of inhaled technetium-labeled human serum albumin was measured serially over a 2-h period after aerosolization of 10(-1) M concentration of each agent (n = 7). Aerosolization of both P2Y(2)-receptor agonists induced significant dose-related increases in TMV (P < 0.05) compared with saline. The greatest increase in TMV was observed between 15 and 30 min after drug treatment. The highest dose (10(-1) M) of INS316 produced a greater overall stimulation of TMV than did INS365 (10(-1) M). Both compounds, compared with saline, induced a significant increase in MCC (P < 0.05) within 20 min of treatment. This enhancement in MCC began to plateau at 60 min. Although the response to INS316 started earlier, there was no significant difference between the clearance curves for the two compounds. We conclude that inhaled P2Y(2)-receptor agonists can increase lung MCC in sheep and that for P2Y(2)-receptor stimulation TMV accurately reflects changes in whole lung MCC.