gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and sequence determination of the acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase gene from<i>Brevibacterium flavum</i>MJ233 (1993)

The enzyme acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase (AHAIR) is the second enzyme in the parallel isoleucine-valine biosynthetic pathway. We previously reported the cloning and sequencing of the acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) genes from Brevibacterium flavum MJ233. Analysis of the sequence downstream of the AHAS genes identified another open reading frame highly homologous at the amino acid level to the AHAIR gene from Escherichia coli (ilvC). We subcloned the B. flavum AHAIR gene on a 2.1 kb Bg/II-EcoRI fragment by complementation of an E. coli ilvC mutant. The nucleotide sequence of the B. flavum AHAIR gene consists of 338 codons (molecular weight of 36158). Comparison of the deduced protein sequence revealed a high degree of identity with the sequences of ilvC genes from other organisms. Disruption of the B. flavum ilvC gene by a kanamycin resistance cassette resulted in L-isoleucine and L-valine auxotrophy.
Characterization of a Protocatechuate Catabolic Gene Cluster from <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> 1CP: Evidence for a Merged Enzyme with 4-Carboxymuconolactone-Decarboxylating and 3-Oxoadipate Enol-Lactone-Hydrolyzing Activity (1998)

The catechol and protocatechuate branches of the 3-oxoadipate pathway, which are important for the bacterial degradation of aromatic compounds, converge at the common intermediate 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone. A 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme, purified from benzoate-grown cells of Rhodococcus opacus (erythropolis) 1CP, was found to have a larger molecular mass under denaturing conditions than the corresponding enzymes previously purified from gamma-proteobacteria. Sequencing of the N terminus and of tryptic peptides allowed cloning of the gene coding for the 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone hydrolase by using PCR with degenerate primers. Sequencing showed that the gene belongs to a protocatechuate catabolic gene cluster. Most interestingly, the hydrolase gene, usually termed pcaD, was fused to a second gene, usually termed pcaC, which encodes the enzyme catalyzing the preceding reaction, i.e., 4-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase. The two enzymatic activities could not be separated chromatographically. At least six genes of protocatechuate catabolism appear to be transcribed in the same direction and in the following order: pcaH and pcaG, coding for the subunits of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, as shown by N-terminal sequencing of the subunits of the purified protein; a gene termed pcaB due to the homology of its gene product to 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerases; pcaL, the fused gene coding for PcaD and PcaC activities; pcaR, presumably coding for a regulator of the IclR-family; and a gene designated pcaF because its product resembles 3-oxoadipyl coenzyme A (3-oxoadipyl-CoA) thiolases. The presumed pcaI, coding for a subunit of succinyl-CoA:3-oxoadipate CoA-transferase, was found to be transcribed divergently from pcaH.
Challenges and opportunities in exosome research—Perspectives from biology, engineering, and cancer therapy (2019)

Exosomes are small (∼30-140 nm) lipid bilayer-enclosed particles of endosomal origin. They are a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are secreted by most cell types. There has been growing interest in exosome research in the last decade due to their emerging role as intercellular messengers and their potential in disease diagnosis. Indeed, exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and RNAs that are specific to their cell origin and could deliver cargo to both nearby and distant cells. As a result, investigation of exosome cargo contents could offer opportunities for disease detection and treatment. Moreover, exosomes have been explored as natural drug delivery vehicles since they can travel safely in extracellular fluids and deliver cargo to destined cells with high specificity and efficiency. Despite significant efforts made in this relatively new field of research, progress has been held back by challenges such as inefficient separation methods, difficulties in characterization, and lack of specific biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in exosome biogenesis, their roles in disease progression, and therapeutic applications and opportunities in bioengineering. Furthermore, we highlight the established and emerging technological developments in exosome isolation and characterization. We aim to consider critical challenges in exosome research and provide directions for future studies.
New merge mode decision in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) (2014)

The advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) used in the newly developed High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) employs five MV candidates from both spatial and temporal domains for merge mode decision. The merge index is then entropy coded using a simple prefix code. To reduce merge index overhead, in this paper we propose a new merge mode decision algorithm which suggests using decoder derived MV candidates for merge mode decision, based upon both sum of absolute bidirectional prediction differences (SABPD) and template matching (TM) criteria. As a result, only a merge index flag is required for transmission instead of prefix coded index. The experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm achieves up to 1.46% of bit rate reduction (with average 0.73% reduction), compared to the method used in the HEVC.
Reactions of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>63</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>65</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>with Alpha Particles (1959)

Excitation functions have been measured for the ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, n$), ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, 2n$), and ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, \ensuremath{\alpha}n$) reactions on ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}$, as well as for the ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, pn)$, ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, 2p)$, and ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, 2\ensuremath{\alpha})$ reactions, for incident alpha particles of 15-41 Mev. The excitation functions for the ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, n$), ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, 2n$), and ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, \mathrm{pn}$) reactions go through much sharper maxima than the excitation functions for the ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, \ensuremath{\alpha}n$) reactions. Cross sections for the ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, 2p$) and ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, 2\ensuremath{\alpha}$) reactions increase monotomically with bombarding energy and attain values of 2.7 and 2.1 mb at 40 Mev, respectively. The value of $\frac{\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, pn)}{\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, 2n)}$ for ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$ in the region of maximum yield is 3.3. The maximum cross sections measured for the ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, \ensuremath{\alpha}n$) reactions are 205 mb and 143 mb for ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}$, respectively. The effects on the observed cross sections of neutron and proton binding energy differences, and of level density differences in the residual nuclei have been considered. The effect of these factors is in accord with the predictions of the statistical theory for the ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, n$) and ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, 2n$) reactions but not for the ($\ensuremath{\alpha}, \ensuremath{\alpha}n$) reaction.A method for monitoring the energy of the incident beam based on the variation with energy of the ratio of cross sections for several of the above reactions is described.
Polarization-dispersion limitations in lightwave systems (1988)

Recently there have been a number of reports dealing with the measurement of polarization dispersion in long lengths of single-mode fiber.1,2 When chromatic dispersion is negligible, such as in coherent lightwave systems or in direct detection systems with dispersion-shifted fiber, polarization dispersion is expected to limit system performance.3 This occurs because the receiver processes two signals, corresponding to propagation along the two principal polarizations states of the fiber.
Image versus feature mosaicing: a case study in fingerprints (2006)

Fingerprint mosaicing entails the reconciliation of information presented by two or more impressions of a finger in order to generate composite information. It can be accomplished by blending these impressions into a single mosaic, or by integrating the feature sets (viz., minutiae information) pertaining to these impressions. In this work, we use Thin-plate Splines (TPS) to model the relative transformation between two impressions of a finger thereby accounting for the non-linear distortion present between them. The estimated deformation is used (a) to register the two images and blend them into a single entity before extracting minutiae from the resulting mosaic (image mosaicing); and (b) to register the minutiae point sets corresponding to the two images and integrate them into a single master minutiae set (feature mosaicing). Experiments conducted on the FVC 2002 DB1 database indicate that both mosaicing schemes result in improved matching performance although feature mosaicing is observed to outperform image mosaicing.
Synergistic Effect of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-18 on Thymocyte Apoptosis and Th1/Th2 Cytokine Expression (2005)

In the periphery, IL-18 synergistically induces the expression of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma in the presence of IL-12 and the Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in the presence of IL-2. Although the expression of these cytokines has been described in the thymus, their role in thymic development and function remains uncertain. We report here that freshly isolated thymocytes from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice stimulated in vitro with IL-2-plus-IL-18 or IL-12-plus-IL-18 produce large amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-13. Analysis of the thymic subsets, CD4(-)CD8(-) (DN), CD4(+)CD8(+), CD4(+)CD8(-), and CD4(-)CD8(+) revealed that IL-18 in combination with IL-2 or IL-12 induces IFN-gamma and IL-13 preferentially from DN cells. Moreover, DN2 and DN3 thymocytes contained more IFN-gamma(+) cells than cells in the later stage of maturation. Additionally, IL-18 in combination with IL-2 induces CCR4 (Th2-associated) and CCR5 (Th1-associated) gene expression. In contrast, IL-18-plus-IL-12 specifically induced CCR5 expression. The IL-2-plus-IL-18 or IL-12-plus-IL-18 effect on IFN-gamma and IL-13 expression is dependent on Stat4 and NF-kappaB but independent of Stat6, T-bet, or NFAT. Furthermore, IL-12-plus-IL-18 induces significant thymocyte apoptosis when expressed in vivo or in vitro, and this effect is exacerbated in the absence of IFN-gamma. IL-12-plus-IL-18-stimulated thymocytes can also induce IA-IE expression on cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells in an IFN-gamma-dependent manner. Thus, the combination of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-18 can induce phenotypic and functional changes in thymocytes that may alter migration, differentiation, and cell death of immature T cells inside the thymus and potentially affect the Th1/Th2 bias in peripheral immune compartments.
Chloroquine inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo (2015)

Recently, chloroquine (CQ) has been widely used to improve the efficacy of different chemotherapy drugs to treat tumors. However, the effects of single treatment of CQ on liver cancer have not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effects of CQ on the growth and viability of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and revealed that CQ treatment triggered G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, induced DNA damage and apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in liver cancer cells. Moreover, administration of CQ to tumor-bearing mice suppressed the tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft model of liver cancer. These findings extend our understanding and suggest that CQ could be repositioned as a treatment option for liver cancer as a single treatment or in combination.
Investigating the Role of Shape on the Biological Impact of Gold Nanoparticles <i>in Vitro</i> (2015)

These findings do not suggest a direct shape-toxicity effect. However, do highlight the contribution of shape towards the GNP-cell interaction which impacts upon their intracellular number, mass and volume dose.
Monolithic Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits for Compact Coherent Transponders (2014)

Silicon photonics is well suited for dual-polarization I/Q modulators and coherent receivers due to high index contrast of silicon waveguides. Here we review recent advances of silicon photonic circuits for future optical coherent transmission systems.
Emerging Infectious Diseases—Southeast Asia (1998)

The recent emergence of a new strain (H5N1) of influenza A virus the so-called avian or bird flu in Hong Kong underlines the importance of the Southeast Asia region as an epicenter not only for influenza A viruses but also for other microbial agents. In late 1992 Vibrio cholerae O139 appeared on the Indian subcontinent; and within a few months it had spread to China Nepal Pakistan Malaysia and as far as Russia. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that infectious diseases account for more than 17 million deaths per year worldwide and that at least 30 new infectious diseases have emerged within the last 2 decades. Up to half of the 5.8 billion people on earth are at risk for many endemic diseases with the most overpopulated and economically depressed countries in Southeast Asia at highest risk. Although vaccines and antibiotics are available for many diseases in 1995 alone respiratory infections such as pneumonia killed 4.4 million people 4 million of them children. Diarrheal diseases including cholera typhoid and dysentery killed 3.1 million most of them children. Tuberculosis (TB) killed almost 3.1 million malaria 2.1 million hepatitis B more than 1.1 million and measles more than 1 million. (excerpt)
Visual Analysis of Source Code Similarities (2015)

Software systems typically consist of many lines of source code organized in several files hierarchically structured into directories and packages. Since the code is the key data in software development, in many scenarios an overview of it is required, in particular for similar code passages. In this paper, we investigate the visual analysis of source code similarities for local as well as global code passages. To this end, we first compute all subsequence occurrence frequencies (support metric) and relative occurrence frequencies (confidence metric) in local as well as global code regions. The resulting textual data attached by its occurrence values is displayed in a triangular matrix. Several interaction techniques are integrated in our visualization tool which are illustrated in the corresponding case study illustrating similarities in source code written in Assembler consisting of 10,641 characters.
Design of Concrete Structures Using High-Strength Steel Reinforcement (2011)

This report provides an evaluation of existing AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications relevant to the use of high-strength reinforcing steel and other grades of reinforcing steel having no discernible yield plateau. The report also includes recommended language to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications that will permit the use of high-strength reinforcing steel with specified yield strengths not greater than 100 ksi. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge engineers.
Actively moving polymers (2006)

The ability of polymers to move actively in response to an external stimulus such as heat or light is of high scientific and technological significance. In any instance stimuli-responsive effects on the molecular level are converted into macroscopic movement, whereby generally two different moving behaviors have to be differentiated for polymer-based materials: the shape-memory effect and the shape-changing capability. Basic concepts for the molecular design of suitable polymer architectures for shape-memory polymers as well as tailored programming processes are presented. The thermally-induced shape-memory effect of polymers is described as well as the extension of this concept to other stimuli than heat. Indirect actuation of the thermally-induced effect by IR-irradiation, electric current, humidity or alternating magnetic fields are outlined as well as recent work on light-induced shape-memory polymers. For shape-changing polymers, two basic concepts are presented: shape changes occurring during phase orientation of liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) and the photomechanical effect based on photoisomerization of moieties, such as azo-groups incorporated in suitable polymer systems.
Rectangular Waveguides of the "Hollow Dielectric Canal" Class (1979)

This paper describes a number of oversized rectangular waveguides with impedance walls, so-called "the hollow dielectric canal waveguides" (EDC-waveguides). Attenuation in HDC-waveguides reduces with decreasing the wavelength, that makes it possible to use these waveguides in millimetre, sub-millimetre and infrared waveranges. Besides, some results of investigation of wave transmission through the regular and irregular HDC-waveguides are considered, and several waveguide components are represented.
[Athletic injuries in wind surfing]. (1991)

We made an anamnesis of sports related injuries for 189 members of the Swiss Wind Surfing Federation. This data enabled us to calculate an yearly incidence of 0.02 injuries per athlete. By comparison, this frequency amounts to 0.03 for tennis players, to 0.24 in football and 2.30 for competitive cyclists. Feet injuries made up for 36.5% of all cases, whereas legs were affected for 23.5%. The athlete had to stop his training for 25.2 days on average. His work had to be interrupted for 10.2 days and his mean hospital stay was of 2.0 days. One third of all injuries were due to board contact events, 20% happened on the shore and 19% were ascribed to falls on/of the mast. Bruises and other wounds were mainly due to the lack of surf-shoes and/or other protective clothing items.
Hydrogenolyses of Aromatic Halides with Triphenyltin Hydride<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenolyses of Aromatic Halides with Triphenyltin Hydride1LEONARD A. ROTHMAN and ERNEST I. BECKERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 12, 2203–2206Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01082a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01082a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A New Image Processing Method to Characterize Pad Foam Morphology in Chemical Mechanical Polishing (2012)

The polishing pad, typically made of rigid microporous polyurethane foam, plays a primary role in the Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process. The pad's mechanical response (such as pad deformation and wear) to polishing and conditioning is is highly related to the foam morphology. This is crucial to the fundamental understanding of the material removal mechanism of CMP. Reported methods of characterizing CMP pad foam morphology are based on intricate and expensive procedures in microtomography, microscopy, spectrometry, etc. This study presents a new image processing method as an alternative for the characterization of the morphological and mechanical properties of CMP pads. Two types of CMP pads (IC1000 and IC1400) are chosen to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. Simulation results prove that the proposed method is effective to determine pad foam characteristics (such as pore shape, size, density as well as dispersion) important to the design of high performance pads.
Struktur und Geruch, IV<sup>1)</sup> Synthese und Riechstoff‐Eigenschaften von Rosenoxid‐Analoga (1986)

Abstract Zur systematischen Untersuchung von Analoga des Rosenoxids ( 1 ) wurden die seco ‐Ether 2 – 6 , die cyclischen nor ‐Ether 7 – 10 und die in der Funktion variierten Verbindungen 11 und 12 dargestellt. – Für den typisch krautig‐würzigen Geruch von 1 ist vor allem die cyclische Ether‐Struktur wichtig.
Excel 4.0 for Windows (1993)

第１章 Ｅｘｃｅｌの主な機能 第２章 Ｅｘｃｅｌの操作 第３章 データの入力と修正 第４章 ワークシートを作成する 第５章 ワークシートの印刷とテンプレートの作成 第６章 グラフを作成する 第７章 データベースを使う 第８章 ワークシートの連結 第９章 日付、関数、マクロ
Notizen: Die Darstellung der vier möglichen dimeren 1.3-Dimethyluracile durch UV-Bestrahlung von 1.3-Dimethyluracil in einer Eis-Matrix (1967)

Die Analyse des AB2-Systems liefert unter Verwendung der blichen expliziten Formeln die entsprechenden Kernresonanz-spektroskopischen Parameter: rA = v3 = -496,46 Hz von TMS fr 100 MHz, vB = (r5 + v7) /2 = -503,51 Hz von TMS fr 100 MHz, ! /AB | = 1/3 [ (f4 -vx) + (va -v9)
Dynamic reconfiguration using template based web service composition (2008)

Current workflow languages introduce limitations regarding modularity and flexibility. They are lacking support for reusability of primitive and structured activities. Designing processes often leads to duplication which makes the workflow descriptor complicated and unnecessarily large. Furthermore, due to the static character of the scripts, there is insufficient flexibility to model dynamic, evolvable and failsafe workflows. In this paper we present a framework that allows the design of WS-BPEL processes in a modular way based on reusable templates. In addition, we introduce an extra layer on top of WS-BPEL that allows template processing based on parameter values. This layer offers support for decision logic to adapt processes dynamically. The approach is based on the "Ruby On Rails" (RoR) framework, known for adding dynamism to static web pages. The proposed solution is portable with existing WS-BPEL engines.
In vitro effect of iron salts and chelating agents on serum tuberculostasis. (1969)

Normal human serum was found to inhibit the growth of tubercle bacilli in vitro. Ferric and ferrous ions abolished this tuberculostatic activity when concentration of the cations exceeded total iron-binding capacity of serum. Utilization of iron by tubercle bacilli was confirmed by uptake of radioactive iron. When added extraneous iron was bound by chelating agents such as human transferrin or desfernoxamine B, tubercle bacilli ceased to grow, indicating that the antimycobacterial action of serum is related to its nonspecific iron-binding capacity.