gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Fibre DAS Walk-Away VSP at Kapuni (2015)

As part of a field appraisal campaign in New Zealand, a set of walk-away VSP-s was acquired. That included a state-of-the-art geophone acquisition in two wells and a simultaneous multi-fibre DAS VSP in one of those wells. All VSP data were of excellent quality and provided high-resolution images. The DAS data exceeded expectations in terms of quality and resolution, aided by simultaneous acquisition on 5 fibres in the same cable. Here we discuss in more detail the benefits and complications of a multi-fibre DAS acquisition. The main benefit is that the signal-to-noise ratio of DAS can be improved without extra source effort, and at negligible extra cost for fibre installation. In addition, the multi-fibre acquisition provides opportunity for DAS channel depth QC and refinement. The main drawback is the cost of employing additional DAS interrogators for the extra fibres, as in this case the fibres were not looped in the cable.
Activation of caspase 9 in a rat model of experimental glaucoma (2002)

RGC loss is correlated with IOP in experimental glaucoma. These results support activation of caspase 9, the intrinsic caspase cascade, in RGC death in experimental glaucoma.
A new spread spectrum watermarking method with self-synchronization capabilities (2002)

Among the many techniques available for information concealment, those based on spread spectrum modulations have proven to yield improved results when robustness against attack is at a premium. In this paper, we propose a new spread spectrum-based watermarking procedure that combines space and frequency marks to provide good robustness properties against both spatial (affine) and transform-based compression attacks, without needing the original image as a reference (blind detection). It provides a mechanism for N-bit concealment and also improves the detection-of-presence process by gathering all the watermark energy into a single value (sufficient statistic for detection). The recovery of every single bit is also improved by taking into account the so-called "watermark-print" or "waterprint" instead of looking at a single correlation value. It additionally provides the means to recover synchronization under affine transformations in the blind detection scenario. These characteristics are analyzed by means of several practical examples.
Reservoir fluids and their migration into the South Eugene Island Block 330 reservoirs, offshore Louisiana (2002)

This study in the well-documented Pliocene-Pleistocene South Eugene Island Block 330 (SEI330) field, offshore Louisiana, unravels a complex petroleum system by evaluating both the inorganic and organic geochemical characteristics of reservoir fluids. The brines at SEI330 dissolved halite prior to entering the reservoirs and equilibrated with reservoir sediments, exchanging sodium for calcium, magnesium, and other cations. The systematically varying extent of brine sodium depletion in two reservoirs defines south to north flow in those sands. These sands were filled from a fault that bounds the reservoirs on the south. Oil compositional parameters also show north-south variation across these reservoirs. The SEI330 oils and gases each had different sources. In contrast to published Jurassic sources for oil, carbon isotope data indicate that SEI330 hydrocarbon gases probably sourced from early Tertiary or Cretaceous sediments, after oil had migrated through them. Distribution of biodegraded vs. unbiodegraded oils indicates the reservoirs filled much more recently than formation of the salt weld beneath the field. Oil compositions indicate that some SEI330 oils were partially stripped of low-molecular weight compounds by their dissolution in a mobile vapor phase (gas washed) by large volumes of gas several hundred meters below the deepest reservoir. Modeling of this gas-oil interaction aids in identifying deep potential targets in which gas washing occurred. Hydrocarbon distribution, combined with oil chemistry and reservoir pressures, indicate reservoirs filled from fault systems on both the north and south sides of the field. The fault feeders are wide (>100 m), structurally complex zones that can direct different types of fluids into different reservoirs.
The Use of Pentanes as Blowing Agent in Rigid Polyurethane Foam (1995)

The overall performance of pentane blown rigid polyurethane foams in terms of insulation value and mechanical properties is demonstrated. The low vapor pressure of both normal-pentane and cyclopentane is shown to induce condensation effects. The consequences of condensation in terms of thermal conductivity and dimensional stability are discussed. The effects on the cell gas pressure of the pentane solubility in the polymer matrix are demonstrated and compared with sorption measurements. The solubility is shown not to deteriorate the foam mechanical properties as a function of time. The ageing characteristics of normal -and cyclopentane blown laminates in terms of the thermal insulation value are discussed. Mixtures of normal- and cyclopentane are suggested to be advantageous in view of their ageing profile.
Synthesis of alternating polyamideurethans by reacting diisocyanates with N,N′‐di‐(6‐hydroxy‐caproyl)alkylenediamines and N‐hydroxy‐alkyl‐6‐hydroxycaproamide (1971)

Abstract Polyamideurethans of structures I and II were prepared by reacting N,N′‐di‐(6‐hydroxycaproyl)alkylenediamines and N‐hydroxyalkyl‐6‐hydroxycaproamide with hexa‐methylene diisocyanate and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate: magnified image where R 1 is either a dimethylene or hexamethylene radical, and R 2 is a hexamethylene or 4,4′‐diphenylmethane radical. Polymers I and II were of a high degree of polymerization and crystallinity, had high enough melting points for practical use, and gave colorless tough films both by dry and melt castings. The polymers from hexamethylene diisocyanate were much more crystalline and thermally more stable above the melting points than those from 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Polymerization conditions and characteristic properties of the resulting polymers were studied.
Protective action on human LDL against oxidation and glycation by four organosulfur compounds derived from garlic (2003)

Human LDL were used to study the protective action of four organosulfur compounds (diallyl sulfide, DAS; diallyl disulfide, DADS; S-ethylcysteine, SEC; N-acetylcysteine, NAC) derived from garlic against oxidation and glycation. The four organosulfur compounds significantly inhibited superoxide production by xanthine-xanthine oxidase (P < 0.05) and showed marked copper-chelating capability. DAS and DADS exhibited greater antioxidant activities against copper- and amphotericin B-induced LDL oxidation (P < 0.05) than SEC and NAC. However, SEC and NAC were more effective in sparing LDL alpha-tocopherol (P < 0.05). When oxidation was minimized, SEC was the most powerful agent against LDL glycation (P < 0.05); however, DADS was superior to other agents in suppressing both oxidation and glycation when LDL oxidation occurred simultaneously with glycation. These results suggest that the four organosulfur compounds derived from garlic are potent agents for protecting LDL against oxidation and glycation, and that they may benefit patients with diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular diseases by preventing complications.
Topographical Continuity of Bacterial Populations in the Healthy Human Respiratory Tract (2011)

In contrast to other organ systems, the respiratory tract harbors a homogenous microbiota that decreases in biomass from upper to lower tract. The healthy lung does not contain a consistent distinct microbiome, but instead contains low levels of bacterial sequences largely indistinguishable from upper respiratory flora. These findings establish baseline data for healthy subjects and sampling approaches for sequence-based analysis of diseases.
<i>N</i>-(<i>tert</i>-Butoxycarbonyl)-<i>N</i>-[4-(dimethylazaniumylidene)-1,4-dihydropyridin-1-ylsulfonyl] Azanide:  A New Sulfamoylating Agent. Structure and Reactivity toward Amines (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdditions & Corr...Additions & CorrectionsNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionN-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-N-[4-(dimethylazaniumylidene)-1,4-dihydropyridin-1-ylsulfonyl] Azanide: A New Sulfamoylating Agent. Structure and Reactivity toward AminesJean-Yves Winum, Loic Toupet, Véronique Barragan, Georges Dewynter, and Jean-Louis MonteroCite this: Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 18, 2939Publication Date (Web):July 26, 2001Publication History Published online26 July 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ol010155rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ol010155rcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views635Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (9 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Amines,Chemical structure,Reactivity Get e-Alerts
In vitro studies of the properties of thermosensitive systems prepared on Pluronic F-127 as vehicles for methotrexate for delivery to solid tumours. (2006)

The aim of the trial was to prepare a thermosensitive vehicles for methotrexate which, after implantation to a solid tumour, could form in situ a specific implant releasing the active substance at the site of application. Pluronic F-127 with certain additives, i.e. lactose, glucose, propylene glycol, glycerol and sodium phosphate was used for investigations. The sol-gel transition temperature of the obtained systems at increasing temperature and various shear rates as well as their physicochemical properties were investigated. All the prepared systems underwent sol-gel transition at physiological ranges of temperature. Methotrexate release from selected formulations approached zero order kinetics and the investigations have shown that the use of Pluronic F-127 at concentration of 14.8% in the construction of drug carriers enables to obtain such a form that, depending on the presence of additives and their concentration, provides active substance release at any time. Analysis of physicochemical properties of the investigated formula tions, i.e. pH, osmotic pressure, density allows to believe that their administration by means of a thin needle should not be problematic and they will not irritate tissues or cause pain after application.
Robust deep feature for spoofing detection — the SJTU system for ASVspoof 2015 challenge (2015)

Recently there have been wide interests in speaker verification for various applications. Although the reported equal error rate (EER) is relatively low, many evidences show that the present speaker verification technologies can be susceptible to malicious spoofing attacks. Inspired by the great success of deep learning in the automatic speech recognition, deep neural network (DNN) based approaches are developed on the spoofing detection for the first time. In this paper, a novel DNN based robust representation is proposed for the spoofing detection to extract the representative spoofing-vector (s-vector). Then the mahalanobis distance and appropriate normalization methods are investigated to get the best system performance. Using the designed deep learning based strategy, our team obtained an impressive result on spoofing detection task, and achieved the 3 rd position in the first spoofing detection challenge evaluation, i.e. ASVspoof 2015 Challenge. Index Terms: Automatic speaker verification, Spoofing attack, Anti-Spoofing, Spoofing detection, Deep learning
Progressive inflammation‐mediated neurodegeneration after traumatic brain or spinal cord injury (2015)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been linked to dementia and chronic neurodegeneration. Described initially in boxers and currently recognized across high contact sports, the association between repeated concussion (mild TBI) and progressive neuropsychiatric abnormalities has recently received widespread attention, and has been termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Less well appreciated are cognitive changes associated with neurodegeneration in the brain after isolated spinal cord injury. Also under-recognized is the role of sustained neuroinflammation after brain or spinal cord trauma, even though this relationship has been known since the 1950s and is supported by more recent preclinical and clinical studies. These pathological mechanisms, manifested by extensive microglial and astroglial activation and appropriately termed chronic traumatic brain inflammation or chronic traumatic inflammatory encephalopathy, may be among the most important causes of post-traumatic neurodegeneration in terms of prevalence. Importantly, emerging experimental work demonstrates that persistent neuroinflammation can cause progressive neurodegeneration that may be treatable even weeks after traumatic injury.
SOI RESURF LDMOS transistor using trench filled with oxide (2003)

The characteristics of the breakdown voltage and the specific on-resistance of RESURF LDMOS transistors, based on SOI, have been improved by using a trench filled with oxide in the drift region of the device. The breakdown voltage is 352 V and the specific on-resistance is 18.8 mΩ · cm2 with the saturation drain current of 110 µA/µm.
A storage system for use with binary-digital computing machines (1949)

The requirement for digital computing machines of large storage capacity has led to the development of a storage system in which the digits are represented by a charge pattern on the screen of a cathode-ray tube. Initial tests have been confined to commercial tubes. Short-term memory of the order of 0.2 sec is provided by the insulating properties of the screen material. Long-term memory is obtained by regenerating the charge pattern at a frequency greater than 5 c/s. The regeneration makes accurate stabilization of the position of the charge pattern on the c. r. tube unnecessary. The properties required of a storage system, and its operation as part of a machine, are stated. If such a machine were operated in the series mode, an instruction would be set up and obeyed in 600 μsec.
A statistical method for time synchronization of computer clocks with precisely frequency-synchronized oscillators (2002)

With the growing of computer networks, continuous media communication and processing are expected in distributed systems. Continuous media communication and processing require both time and frequency synchronization between computer clocks. The authors propose a statistical time synchronization method for computer clocks that have precisely frequency-synchronized oscillators. This method not only improves time synchronization accuracy but also prevents degradation of the frequency stability of the precise oscillators when errors in the measured time offset between computer clocks caused by network traffic possess a Gaussian distribution. The improvement of time synchronization accuracy is achieved by estimating the confidence interval of the measured time offsets between the computer clocks. The prevention of frequency stability degradation is achieved by testing the difference between the latest mean and the mean at the last time adjustment for deciding the need for time correction. Evaluation by simulation of changes in the time offset in an ISDN clock synchronization system showed that this method achieves accurate time and stable frequency synchronization.
Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Immobilized Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxamidates (2002)

Chiral dirhodium(II) tetrakis[methyl 2-oxypyrrolidine-5(S)-carboxylate] has been immobilized on polystyrene−poly(ethylene glycol) and Merrifield resins. Intra- and intermolecular cyclopropanation reactions with these catalysts demonstrate their high selectivity, comparable to or better than their homogeneous counterpart, and recovery and reuse for up to nine sequential applications have been achieved without loss of selectivity. Catalyst stability is related to the percentage of available sites to which the ligand is affixed, but the percentage of ligand sites on the polymer that are bound to dirhodium(II) does not appear to influence stability or selectivity.
New Modification of the Intramolecular α-Amidoalkylation for the Synthesis of 2-Acyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (1989)

2-Acyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines are obtained from N-methylene- or N-benzylidene-2-phenylethylamines and acyl chlorides or carboxylic acids/thionyl chloride in the presence of potassium iodide at room temperature.
Phase II trial of carboplatin and etoposide for patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (2004)

We present the results of a phase II trial of carboplatin and etoposide (CE) combination as first-line chemotherapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) after surgery and radiotherapy. We assess the activity and the tolerability of this combination. 30 patients with GBM (25) and AA (5) were treated with VP-16 (etoposide) 120 mg m(-2) and CBCDA (carboplatin) 100 mg m(-2) for 3 days every 4 weeks. Moreover, we performed a retrospective analysis of topoisomerase IIalpha gene status using chromogenic in situ hybridisation. The median age was 54 years (21-73 years); Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score was 0-1 in 25 patients and 2 in five patients. All patients had been previously treated with surgical resection (21 radical resections) followed by radiation therapy (40-60 Gy). We observed six (20%) complete responses, three (10%) partial responses and 12 (40%) stable diseases, with a response rate of 30%. The median time to progression was 4 months, while progression-free survival at 6 months was 33.3%. The median survival time was 10 months. Neutropenia occurred in 9 patients: four patients had grade 4, two patients grade 3 and three patients grade 2. In the conclusion of this clinical trial, the CE combination has shown activity in recurrent GBM and AA, with a good toxicity profile. Alterations in the copy number of topoisomerase IIalpha gene seem to be a rare event and in our series do not influence response to the CE combination.
Long Term Culture of the A549 Cancer Cell Line Promotes Multilamellar Body Formation and Differentiation towards an Alveolar Type II Pneumocyte Phenotype (2016)

Pulmonary research requires models that represent the physiology of alveolar epithelium but concerns with reproducibility, consistency and the technical and ethical challenges of using primary or stem cells has resulted in widespread use of continuous cancer or other immortalized cell lines. The A549 'alveolar' cell line has been available for over four decades but there is an inconsistent view as to its suitability as an appropriate model for primary alveolar type II (ATII) cells. Since most work with A549 cells involves short term culture of proliferating cells, we postulated that culture conditions that reduced proliferation of the cancer cells would promote a more differentiated ATII cell phenotype. We examined A549 cell growth in different media over long term culture and then used microarray analysis to investigate temporal regulation of pathways involved in cell cycle and ATII differentiation; we also made comparisons with gene expression in freshly isolated human ATII cells. Analyses indicated that long term culture in Ham's F12 resulted in substantial modulation of cell cycle genes to result in a quiescent population of cells with significant up-regulation of autophagic, differentiation and lipidogenic pathways. There were also increased numbers of up- and down-regulated genes shared with primary cells suggesting adoption of ATII characteristics and multilamellar body (MLB) development. Subsequent Oil Red-O staining and Transmission Electron Microscopy confirmed MLB expression in the differentiated A549 cells. This work defines a set of conditions for promoting ATII differentiation characteristics in A549 cells that may be advantageous for studies with this cell line.
Image cytometry‐based detection of aneuploidy by fluorescence in situ hybridization in suspension (2012)

Cytogenetic abnormalities are important diagnostic and prognostic criteria for hematologic malignancies. Karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are the conventional methods by which these abnormalities are detected. The sensitivity of these microscopy-based methods is limited by the abundance of the abnormal cells in the samples and therefore these analyses are commonly not applicable to minimal residual disease (MRD) stages. A flow cytometry-based imaging approach was developed to detect chromosomal abnormalities following FISH in suspension (FISH-IS), which enables the automated analysis of several log-magnitude higher number of cells compared with the microscopy-based approaches. This study demonstrates the applicability of FISH-IS for detecting numerical chromosome aberrations, establishes accuracy, and sensitivity of detection compared with conventional FISH, and feasibility to study procured clinical samples of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Male and female healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells hybridized with combinations of chromosome enumeration probes (CEP) 8, X, and Y served as models for disomy, monosomy, and trisomy. The sensitivity of detection of monosomies and trisomies amongst 20,000 analyzed cells was determined to be 1% with a high level of precision. A high correlation (R(2) = 0.99) with conventional FISH analysis was found based on the parallel analysis of diagnostic samples procured from 10 AML patients with trisomy 8 (+8). Additionally, FISH-IS analysis of samples procured at the time of clinical remission demonstrated the presence of residual +8 cells indicating that this approach may be used to detect MRD and associated chromosomal defects.
Subchronic oral administration of acemannan in the rat and dog. (1992)

Acemannan is the USAN-accepted name for long-chain polydispersed beta-(1,4)-acetylated polymannose with interspersed O-acetyl groups, with a mannose monomer/acetyl ratio of approximately 1:1. This complex polysaccharide is extracted from Aloe vera (barbadensis Miller); the technical material contains approximately 78% acemannan. Technical grade acemannan was administered po to rats for 14 d at 5% of the diet and for 6 mo at up to 2,000 mg/kg/d, and to beagle dogs for 90 d at up to 1,500 mg/kg/d without significant effect on any parameter measured in either species.