gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recognition systems and biological organization: The perception component of social recognition (2004)

Recognition of conspecifics is necessary for differential treatment of individuals in a variety of social contexts, such as territory establishment and defense, dominance hierarchies, reciprocal altruism, mate choice, parent-offspring interactions and nepotistic contexts, to name a few. Here I first review various categories of perceptual mechanisms of social discrimination, focusing largely on the extensive literature on the perception component of kin recognition, although the ideas presented here can and have been used for analyses of recognition at many levels of social organization. I then discuss a range of recognition mechanisms observed in a model species, Belding's ground squirrels, and how socio-ecological factors influence the development and expression of each mechanism. Finally, I address several theoretical and empirical controversies in the kin-recognition literature which pertain to the perceptual component of recognition, as well as areas in need of additional investigation.
Human interface using PC display with head pointing device for eating assist robot and emotional evaluation by GSR sensor (2002)

This paper proposes the human interface of an eating assistant robot to assist people with severe disability to gain/regain independence in eating. A spoon and a CCD camera are attached on the tip of the robotic arm. The spoon can be actuated in three orthogonal directions, and can also be rotated. The PC display indicates the image of the CCD camera and a control panel of the robot. The human interface proposed uses the PC display and a head pointing device. A user can easily control the eating assist robot by using his/her head action and a puff activated switch. This paper describes also the evaluation of user's emotion during the operation of the eating assistant robot. A galvanic skin reflex (GSR) sensor is used to detect the user's emotion. Using the experimental results of the GSR sensor, an optimal movement scheme by considering the user's emotion has been decided. The eating assistant experiments on a disabled person with cervical vertebrae damage are also described briefly.
The tomato ethylene receptors NR and LeETR4 are negative regulators of ethylene response and exhibit functional compensation within a multigene family (2000)

The plant hormone ethylene is involved in many developmental processes, including fruit ripening, abscission, senescence, and leaf epinasty. Tomato contains a family of ethylene receptors, designated LeETR1, LeETR2, NR, LeETR4, and LeETR5, with homology to the Arabidopsis ETR1 ethylene receptor. Transgenic plants with reduced LeETR4 gene expression display multiple symptoms of extreme ethylene sensitivity, including severe epinasty, enhanced flower senescence, and accelerated fruit ripening. Therefore, LeETR4 is a negative regulator of ethylene responses. Reduced expression of this single gene affects multiple developmental processes in tomato, whereas in Arabidopsis multiple ethylene receptors must be inactivated to increase ethylene response. Transgenic lines with reduced NR mRNA levels exhibit normal ethylene sensitivity but elevated levels of LeETR4 mRNA, indicating a functional compensation of LeETR4 for reduced NR expression. Overexpression of NR in lines with lowered LeETR4 gene expression eliminates the ethylene-sensitive phenotype, indicating that despite marked differences in structure these ethylene receptors are functionally redundant.
Determination of alkylketene dimer sizing agent products in paper by capillary gas chromatography (1990)

A capillary gas chromatographic procedure has been developed for the analysis of alkylketene dimers (AKDs), which are used as sizing agents in paper manufacture. The method is based on the hydrolytic extraction and quantification of long-chain ketones, the identities of which were confirmed by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The procedure gives good precision (relative standard deviation ca. 1%) and acceptable recoveries of AKD products from both surface and internally sized papers (104 and 88%, respectively). It can also be used to determine the fate of AKDs in continuously operated paper-making equipment.
Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Saliva and Blood Plasma by V3-Specific Heteroduplex Tracking Assay and Genotype Analyses (2001)

The gp120 V3-encoding region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA derived from the saliva and blood plasma of 11 individuals was characterized by heteroduplex tracking assay and sequence analyses. R5-like viral variants were identified in both fluids of all subjects. X4-like variants were detected in the plasma and/or saliva of three subjects, indicating that X4-like variants are not excluded from the saliva compartment. Viral subpopulations were similar in both fluids of most subjects, suggesting that HIV-1 in oral fluids and blood may stem from a common source. These findings raise the possibility of using saliva as a noninvasive fluid for evaluating and monitoring viral evolution in infected persons.
Considerations on ATM switching techniques (1988)

Abstract A comparison of various ATM switching matrix principles using an input buffer, output buffer or central buffer bearing in mind system aspects, traffic aspects and technological aspects comes out clearly in favour of the last‐named. When larger switching networks are set up, consisting of 16/16 or 32/32 switching elements, the compromise proposal arrived at if various assessment criteria are used indicates a preference for two‐stage folded networks made up of interconnections of 16/16, 32/32 or 64/64 modules, depending on the desired maximum capacity. Three‐stage folded networks are only advantageous for switching networks with over 2000 access lines.
The DEAD Box Protein eIF4A. 1. A Minimal Kinetic and Thermodynamic Framework Reveals Coupled Binding of RNA and Nucleotide (1998)

eIF4A is the archetypal member of the DEAD box family of proteins and has been proposed to use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to unwind structures in the 5'-untranslated regions of eukaryotic mRNAs during translation initiation. As a step toward understanding the mechanism of action of this class of enzymes, a minimal kinetic and thermodynamic framework for the RNA-activated ATPase function has been established for eIF4A. The enzyme's affinity for ssRNA is modulated by the binding of ATP.Mg2+ and ADP.Mg2+: the affinity of the E.ATP complex for ssRNA is approximately 40-fold higher than that of the E.ADP complex. The enzyme binds its substrates in a random manner; contrary to previous suggestions, neither ATP binding nor hydrolysis is required for binding of single-stranded RNA. The presence or absence of the gamma-phosphate on the bound nucleotide acts as a switch that modulates the enzyme's structure and ssRNA affinity. The data presented in this and the following paper in this issue suggest that ATP binding and hydrolysis produce a cycle of conformational and RNA affinity changes in eIF4A. Such cycles may be used by DEAD box proteins to transduce the energy from ATP hydrolysis into physical work, thereby allowing each member of this family to rearrange its RNA or RNA.protein target.
Child and adolescent traumatic brain injury: correlates of injury severity (1998)

A record review focused on children and adolescents, with a history of traumatic brain injury, who were consecutively admitted to a brain injury clinic in which all new patients are psychiatrically evaluated. Significant correlates of severity of injury in the cognitive, education and communication domains of functioning included Performance IQ but not Verbal IQ nor standardized ratings of language or learning disability. Current organic personality syndrome (OPS) but not attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder diagnostic status was significantly related to severity. In conclusion, the findings in this referred sample are similar to prospective studies indicating that Performance IQ appears sensitive in reflecting brain damage. The finding linking OPS to severity of injury is not surprising. This is because OPS is a diagnosis which is dependent on the clinician's judgment of the likelihood that the organic factor is etiologically related to a defined behavioural syndrome. The diagnosis therefore requires a clinical judgment that the threshold of severity of a presumed organic etiological factor has been reached.
Teleconferencing communications activities (1976)

A questionnaire study of the frequency and satisfaction of different communication activities performed during face-to-face meetings, telephone conversations, and video conferencing was conducted of users of the Bell Labs video conferencing system between Murray Hill and Holmdel. The results showed that the Bell Labs video conferencing system was used primarily for committee-like coordination and information-exchange activities. The Bell Labs video conferencing system was perceived as being more satisfactory than face-to-face communications for handling regularly scheduled communications and for giving or receiving information.
Joint Text Embedding for Personalized Content-based Recommendation (2017)

Learning a good representation of text is key to many recommendation applications. Examples include news recommendation where texts to be recommended are constantly published everyday. However, most existing recommendation techniques, such as matrix factorization based methods, mainly rely on interaction histories to learn representations of items. While latent factors of items can be learned effectively from user interaction data, in many cases, such data is not available, especially for newly emerged items. In this work, we aim to address the problem of personalized recommendation for completely new items with text information available. We cast the problem as a personalized text ranking problem and propose a general framework that combines text embedding with personalized recommendation. Users and textual content are embedded into latent feature space. The text embedding function can be learned end-to-end by predicting user interactions with items. To alleviate sparsity in interaction data, and leverage large amount of text data with little or no user interactions, we further propose a joint text embedding model that incorporates unsupervised text embedding with a combination module. Experimental results show that our model can significantly improve the effectiveness of recommendation systems on real-world datasets.
Genomic characterisation of an international Pseudomonas aeruginosa reference panel indicates that the two major groups draw upon distinct mobile gene pools (2018)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen, especially in the context of infections of cystic fibrosis (CF). In order to facilitate coordinated study of this pathogen, an international reference panel of P. aeruginosa isolates was assembled. Here we report the genome sequencing and analysis of 33 of these isolates and 7 reference genomes to further characterise this panel. Core genome single nucleotide variant phylogeny demonstrated that the panel strains are widely distributed amongst the P. aeruginosa population. Common loss-of-function mutations reported as adaptive during CF (such as in mucA and mexA) were identified amongst isolates from chronic respiratory infections. From the 40 strains analysed, 37 unique resistomes were predicted, based on the Resistance Gene Identifier method using the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database. Notably, hierarchical clustering and phylogenetic reconstructions based on the presence/absence of genomic islands (GIs), prophages and other regions of genome plasticity (RGPs) supported the subdivision of P. aeruginosa into two main groups. This is the largest, most diverse analysis of GIs and associated RGPs to date, and the results suggest that, at least at the largest clade grouping level (group 1 vs group 2), each group may be drawing upon distinct mobile gene pools.
Optoelectronic multichip module integration for chip level optical interconnects (2001)

We have integrated an 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), its driver, and a diffractive lenslet array onto a single substrate to produce an integrated optoelectronic multichip module for signal fan-out and distribution. The diffractive element performs optical fan-out of the output beam from the VCSEL into an array of focused spots at a plane 1, 416 μm from the surface of the VCSEL. This corresponds to 160 μm from the surface of the diffractive lens. System design, fabrication, integration, and experimental characterization is presented.
Geometric Simplification for Indirect Illumination Calculation (1992)

We present a new method for accelerating global illumination calculations in the generation of physically accurate images of geometrically complex environments. In the new method, the environment geometry is simplified by eliminating small isolated surfaces and replacing clusters of small surfaces with simple, optically equivalent boxes. A radiosity solution is performed on the simplified geometry. The radiosity solution is then used in a multi-pass method to estimate the radiances responsible for indirect illumination. We present a preliminary implementation of the new method and some initial images and timing results. The initial results indicate that using simplified geometries for indirect illumination calculations produces images in times significantly less than previous path tracing and multi-pass methods without a reduction in image quality.
Molecular basis of human von Willebrand disease: analysis of platelet von Willebrand factor mRNA. (1989)

von Willebrand disease (vWD), the most common inherited bleeding disorder in humans, can result from either a quantitative or a qualitative defect in the adhesive glycoprotein, von Willebrand factor (vWF). Molecular studies of vWD have been limited by the large size of the vWF gene and difficulty in obtaining the vWF mRNA from patients. By use of an adaptation of the polymerase chain reaction, vWF mRNA was amplified and sequenced from peripheral blood platelets. A silent vWF allele was identified, resulting from a cis defect in vWF mRNA transcription or processing. In two type IIA vWD patients, two different but adjacent missense mutations were identified, the locations of which may identify an important vWF functional domain. Expression in heterologous cells of recombinant vWF containing one of these latter mutations reproduced the characteristic structural abnormality seen in type IIA vWD plasma.
A Priority Allocation Scheme Considering Virtual Machine Scheduling Delays in Xen Environments (2010)

There exist virtual machine scheduling delays in virtualized environment in which virtual machines share physical resources. Many resource management systems have been proposed to provide better application QoS through monitoring and analyzing application performance and resource utilization of virtual machines. However, those management systems don't consider virtual machine scheduling delays, result in incorrect application performance evaluation and QoS violations In this paper, we propose an application behavior analysis considering the scheduling delays, and a virtual machine priority allocation scheme based on the analysis to improve the application response time by minimizing the overall virtual machine scheduling delays.
Natural inactivation of a common HLA allele (A*2402) has occurred on at least three separate occasions (1997)

HLA-A*2402 is common and widely distributed in human populations. Several individuals were identified who type genotypically for A*2402, but are serologically null for the HLA-A24 Ag. Sequencing and transfection of genomic DNA fragments containing null and wild-type A*2402 alleles, and the related A*2301 allele, revealed three different null alleles (A*2409N, A*2411N, and A*2402(low)), each of which differs from A*2402 by a single nucleotide change within the 6.7-kb sequence. The A*2301 and A*2402 sequences differ by no substitutions additional to those previously determined for the 1.1-kb cDNA. In exon 4, A*2409N has an in-frame stop codon, while A*2411N has a nucleotide insertion that alters the reading frame, causing premature termination. A*2402(low) has a nucleotide substitution near the splice acceptor site for intron 2 that impairs the production of correctly spliced mRNA. For A*2409N and A*2411N, mRNA is undetectable by Northern analysis, whereas A*2402(low) produces a low level of mRNA and a concomitant amount of normal A*2402 protein at the cell surface. The protein expressed from the A*2402(low) allele is sufficient to stimulate an alloreactive T cell response. On a background of unexpected sequence homogeneity, the single nucleotide changes in the A*2409N, A*2411, and A*2402(low) alleles have dramatic effects upon gene expression and are of likely importance for HLA matching in clinical transplantation. Segregation of at least three independently inactivated A*2402 alleles in human populations raises the possibility that loss of A*2402 may be the result of natural selection.
Environmental Response and Autoregulation of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> TxeR, a Sigma Factor for Toxin Gene Expression (2002)

TxeR, a sigma factor that directs Clostridium difficile RNA polymerase to recognize the promoters of two major toxin genes, was shown to stimulate its own synthesis. Whether expressed in C. difficile, Clostridium perfringens, or Escherichia coli, TxeR stimulated transcription of fusions of the txeR promoter region to reporter genes. As is the case for the tox genes, txeR expression was responsive to the cellular growth phase and the constituents of the medium. That is, the level of expression in broth culture was low during the exponential growth phase, but rapidly increased as cells approached the stationary phase. In the presence of excess glucose, expression from the txeR promoter was repressed. The results support a model for toxin gene expression in which synthesis of TxeR is induced by specific environmental signals. The increased level of TxeR then permits high-level expression of the toxin genes. The study of txeR gene regulation in C. difficile was made possible by introduction of a mobilizable, replicative plasmid via conjugation with E. coli.
CNS Infections in Patients With Cancer (2012)

Despite improved prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic regimens, CNS infections remain an important source of morbidity and mortality among several cancer patient groups, particularly those patients undergoing craniotomy and those with hematologic malignancies receiving either hematopoietic cell transplantation or other intensive chemotherapy regimens.
Introduction to glass integrated optics (1992)

Ion exchange from salt melts silver-film ion exchange technique theoretical analysis of ion-exchanged glass waveguides optical waveguide characterization techniques waveguides and devices.
GaInNAs-based distributed feedback laser diodes emitting at 1.5 µm (2004)

For the first time, GaAs-based 1.5 µm singlemode emission has been realised utilising GaInNAs active-layer material and lateral distributed feedback. The double quantum well separate confinement laser structure was grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. A threshold current of 240 mA and an external efficiency of 0.11 W/A could be demonstrated with a sidemode suppression ratio of better than 26 dB in pulsed operation. Singlemode emission up to 1506.5 nm has been realised.
Long-distance 802.11b links (2006)

The use of 802.11 long-distance links is a cost-effective means of providing wireless connectivity to rural areas. Although deployments in this setting are increasing, a systematic study of the performance of 802.11 in these settings is lacking. The contributions of this paper are two-fold: (a)we present a detailed performance study of a set of long-distance 802.11b links at various layers of the network stack, and (b)we document the various non-obvious experiences during our study.Our study includes eight long-distance links, ranging from 1km to 37km in length. Unlike prior studies of outdoor 802.11 links, we find that the error rate as a function of the received signal strength behaves close to theory. Time correlation of any packet errors is negligible across a range of time-scales. We have observed at least one of the link to be robust to rain and fog. But any interference on the long-distance links can be detrimental to performance. Apart from this however, such long-distance links can be planned to work well with predictable performance. During our measurements, we have observed a few hardware/driver quirks as well as system bottlenecks apart from the wireless link itself. We believe that our measurements and the documentation of our experience will help future network planning as well as protocol design for these networks.
Padding and Devices for Foot Comfort (1966)

Pads and other devices which have been designed by orthopedic surgeons and technicians to correct foot balance will relieve many painful foot lesions which are seen by dermatologists. These adjuncts to treatment, which can be worn inside the patient's regular shoes, often clear up a painful corn or callus and sometimes even a wart. Soft corns may be healed by separating opposing condyles with suitable padding. Lesions on the heels are helped by using a plastic heel cup. Most of these pads can be fashioned by the dermatologist from felt, foam rubber, and adhesive tape to give the patient reasonable foot comfort during treatment.
A causal framework for explaining the predictions of black-box sequence-to-sequence models (2017)

We interpret the predictions of any blackbox structured input-structured output model around a specific input-output pair. Our method returns an "explanation" consisting of groups of input-output tokens that are causally related. These dependencies are inferred by querying the black-box model with perturbed inputs, generating a graph over tokens from the responses, and solving a partitioning problem to select the most relevant components. We focus the general approach on sequence-tosequence problems, adopting a variational autoencoder to yield meaningful input perturbations. We test our method across several NLP sequence generation tasks.
Esophageal cancer: Recent advances in screening, targeted therapy, and management (2014)

The incidence of esophageal cancer remains on the rise worldwide and despite aggressive research in the field of gastrointestinal oncology, the survival remains poor. Much remains to be defined in esophageal cancer, including the development of an effective screening tool, identifying a good tumor marker for surveillance purposes, ways to target esophageal cancer stem cells as well as circulating tumor cells, and developing minimally invasive protocols to treat early-stage disease. The goal of this chapter is to highlight some of the recent advances and ongoing research in the field of esophageal cancer.
A One-Pot Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of β,β-Diarylketones and Aldehydes from Aryl Iodides and α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds (1984)

Synthese de diaryl-4,4 butanones-2, diaryl-5,5 pentanones-3 et diaryl-3,3 propanals et d'enones et enaldehydes β,β-diaryles
Optimizing Bulk Transfers with Software-Defined Optical WAN (2016)

Bulk transfer on the wide-area network (WAN) is a fundamental service to many globally-distributed applications. It is challenging to efficiently utilize expensive WAN bandwidth to achieve short transfer completion time and meet mission-critical deadlines. Advancements in software-defined networking (SDN) and optical hardware make it feasible and beneficial to quickly reconfigure optical devices in the optical layer, which brings a new opportunity for traffic management on the WAN.