gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on vitamin D and related compounds. Part 21. Photosensitized reactions (1970)

Abstract The cis‐trans isomerisation of tachysterol 3 and previtamin D 3 trimethylsilyl ethers has been brought about by triplet sensitization. The two overall quantum yields have been estimated. It was found that the photochemical electrocyclic reactions of previtamin D 3 yielding 7‐dehydrocholesterol and lumisterol 3 go via singlet states. The irradiation mixtures were analysed by means of GLC.
<title>Display Of HF Acoustic Holograms Utilizing Liquid Crystals</title> (1972)

Recent advances in the field of acoustic holography have shown it to be a very promising technique for the non-destructive imaging of the interiors of opaque objects. High resolution acoustical holography would enable the mapping and characterization of minute hidden flaws in materials, and facilitate the study of their temporal propagation. Acoustical methods are particularly well suited to the visualization of flaws because the large impedance mismatch presented by such a defect causes a strong reflected signal and a pronounced display. It may well be possible to visualize features of a specimen which go undetected by conventional methods.
Updated findings of a first-in-human, phase I study of margetuximab (M), an Fc-optimized chimeric monoclonal antibody (MAb), in patients (pts) with HER2-positive advanced solid tumors. (2015)

523 Background: Fc-dependent mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) may be important for the activity of MAbs. M is a MAb to HER2 engineered for increased Fc-domain binding affinity to both low affinity variants of the activating Fcγ receptor, CD16A. In preclinical studies, M showed enhanced ADCC compared to an unmodified precursor. Results from the initial dose escalation have previously been reported. Here we describe pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and activity data for the expansion cohort and an alternative schedule, including responses in patients with refractory breast cancer (BC). Methods: Pts with refractory carcinomas that overexpress HER2 for whom no standard therapy was available were enrolled. Pt cohorts received escalating doses of M weekly for 3 of every 4 weeks (Regimen A) or every 3 weeks (Regimen B) by intravenous infusion in a 3+3 (Regimen A) or 6+6 (Regimen B) design. Additional safety and activity data were obtained in expansion cohorts of each regimen. Tumor response was determined using RECISTv1.1. PK was evaluated during all cycles. Results: Fifty-two patients received M (34 patients received 0.1 to 6.0 mg/kg in Regimen A and 18 patients received 10 to 18 mg/kg in Regimen B). The maximum tolerated dose was not exceeded for either regimen. Treatment was well-tolerated, with mostly Grade 1 and 2 toxicities consisting of infusion-related reactions and constitutional symptoms such as pyrexia, nausea, anemia, diarrhea, and fatigue. Partial responses were observed in 8 patients and stable disease in 21 patients. Tumor reductions were observed in 11 of 19 patients with BC, including 4 patients with confirmed partial responses, 3 of whom had received prior trastuzumab and lapatinib, with several durable responses of > 30 weeks. Median progression free survival for patients with BC was 169 days. PK analysis showed that doses of 3 mg/kg in Regimen A and all doses in Regimen B achieved steady state trough levels sufficient to inhibit HER2 signaling. Conclusions: The results indicate that M is tolerated well and has promising activity in HER2-positive tumors including BC. Further development is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT01148849.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ High‐Pressure‐ and High‐Temperature Studies of Siliconsuboxides via Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Diffraction (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phagocytes, toxic oxygen metabolites and inflammatory bowel disease: implications for treatment. (1990)

Phagocytic cells are prominent in the inflammatory infiltrate of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These cells secrete a variety of agents which are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of tissue damage in inflammation. The function of phagocytic cells does not appear to be impaired in inflammatory bowel disease, and certain aspects, including toxic oxygen metabolite production, are enhanced in circulating monocytes and tissue phagocytes isolated from the inflammatory site. 5-Amino-salicylic acid, used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, is a specific scavenger of hypochlorite, a toxic metabolite of oxygen produced by phagocytic cells. These findings suggest that phagocytic cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of tissue damage in inflammatory bowel disease. The future development of pharmacological agents which modify specific aspects of phagocyte function, or act as scavengers of toxic oxygen metabolites produced by these cells, may provide more effective treatment for these conditions.
Analysis and design of N paralleled DC-DC converters with master-slave current-sharing control (2002)

Dynamic analysis and design of paralleled DC-DC power converters with master-slave current sharing control is challenged by the abundance of feedback loops and loop gains. A systematic approach for assessing the small-signal stability and dynamic performance of paralleled modules is presented. The approach is based on the interface stability concept and allows a straightforward design of a current-sharing loop compensator. The suggested approach is general and can be applied to any number of paralleled modules.
Solubility of synthesis gases in heavy n-paraffins and Fischer-Tropsch wax (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility of synthesis gases in heavy n-paraffins and Fischer-Tropsch waxStanley H. Huang, Ho Mu Lin, Fuan Nan Tsai, and Kwang Chu ChaoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 1, 162–169Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00073a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00073a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of a distal pocket in the catalytic O <sub>2</sub> reduction by cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase models immobilized on interdigitated array electrodes (2009)

Five iron porphyrins with different superstructures were immobilized on self-assembled-monolayer (SAM)-coated interdigitated-array (IDAs) gold-platinum electrodes. The selectivity of the catalysts i.e., limited formation of partially reduced oxygen species (PROS) in the electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen, is a function of 2 rates: (i) the rate of electron transfer from the electrode to the catalyst, which is controlled by the length, and conjugation of the linker from the catalyst to the electrode and (ii) the rate of bound oxygen (superoxide) hydrolysis, which correlates with the presence of a water cluster in the gas-binding pocket influencing the rate of oxygen binding; these factors are controlled by the nature of the porphyrin superstructure. The structurally biomimetic Tris-imidazole model is the most selective.
Arithmetic for relative accuracy (2002)

Of the three factors named in Moore's first Law that drive the advance of computational systems, circuit design receives relatively little mention. We introduce here a circuit variety that allows to include accuracy considerations. It is shown that accuracy-drive can be effectively realised and leads to 60% speed improvement. Details are given of a floating-point unit with full hardware support of complex calculations, specifically tailored to speed-up MD-simulations on the GROMACS scientific parallel computer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
What's the right price? pricing tasks for finishing on time (2011)

Many practitioners currently use rules of thumb to price tasks on online labor markets. Incorrect pricing leads to task starvation or inefficient use of capital. Formal pricing policies can address these challenges. In this paper we argue that a pricing policy can be based on the trade-off between price and desired completion time. We show how this duality can lead to a better pricing policy for tasks in online labor markets. This paper makes three contributions. First, we devise an algorithm for job pricing using a survival analysis model. We then show that worker arrivals can be modeled as a non-homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP). Finally using NHPP for worker arrivals and discrete choice models we present an abstract mathematical model that captures the dynamics of the market when full market information is presented to the task requester. This model can be used to predict completion times and pricing policies for both public and private crowds.
High Economic Burden of Caring for Patients With Suspected Extraesophageal Reflux (2013)

EER contributes substantially to health-care expenditures. In this cohort, the cost for initial year's evaluation and treatment of EER symptoms was quintuple that of typical GERD. Prescription costs and, in particular, proton pump inhibitors were the single greatest contributor to the cost of EER management.
Report on Engineering of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J08459">*</xref>--> (1944)

One of the major inherent characteristics of scientists, engineers, and technically trained personnel, either as individuals or as groups of individuals, is a general tendency to be overmodest about their accomplishments. The membership comprising the Society of Motion Picture Engineers is no exception to this characteristic, but it does seem justifiable to review the technical accomplishments of our Society on the basis of the record.
Spatial sensitivity analysis for urban land use prediction with physics-constrained conditional generative adversarial networks (2019)

Accurately forecasting urban development and its environmental and climate impacts critically depends on realistic models of the spatial structure of the built environment, and of its dependence on key factors such as population and economic development. Scenario simulation and sensitivity analysis, i.e., predicting how changes in underlying factors at a given location affect urbanization outcomes at other locations, is currently not achievable at a large scale with traditional urban growth models, which are either too simplistic, or depend on detailed locally-collected socioeconomic data that is not available in most places. Here we develop a framework to estimate, purely from globally-available remote-sensing data and without parametric assumptions, the spatial sensitivity of the (\textit{static}) rate of change of urban sprawl to key macroeconomic development indicators. We formulate this spatial regression problem as an image-to-image translation task using conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs), where the gradients necessary for comparative static analysis are provided by the backpropagation algorithm used to train the model. This framework allows to naturally incorporate physical constraints, e.g., the inability to build over water bodies. To validate the spatial structure of model-generated built environment distributions, we use spatial statistics commonly used in urban form analysis. We apply our method to a novel dataset comprising of layers on the built environment, nightlighs measurements (a proxy for economic development and energy use), and population density for the world's most populous 15,000 cities.
ChemInform Abstract: General Approach for Regioselective Synthesis of Fused Phosphono Substituted Oxadiazines (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Rhodesia Freedom From Hunger Campaign (1968)

A RJE article on the Rhodesian government's participation in the global Freedom From Hunger Campaign in the late 1960's.
U.S. Humanitarian Demining R&D Program: Emerging Technologies (2003)

The Humanitarian Demining (HD) Research and Development (R&D) Program is continually innovating and applying new technology to the demining of landmine fields. Through these changes, the goal of worldwide mine clearance is within reach.
Imbibition, but Not Release from Stratification, Sets the Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis Seedlings (1998)

Circadian rhythms in the abundance of the CAT2 catalase mRNA were not seen in etiolated seedlings but developed upon illumination. These circadian oscillations were preceded by a rapid and transient induction of CAT2 mRNA abundance that varied strikingly according to the timing (circadian phase) of the onset of illumination. This variation oscillated with a circadian periodicity of approximately 28 hr, indicating that the circadian oscillator is running in etiolated seedlings and regulates (gates) the induction of CAT2 by light. Moreover, because we assayed populations of seedlings, we infer that the individual clocks among populations of etiolated seedlings were synchronized before the onset of illumination. What developmental or environmental signals synchronized the clocks among seedlings? Varying the phase of the onset of illumination relative to release from stratification failed to affect the acute induction of CAT2, indicating that the temperature step from 4 to 22 degrees C associated with release from stratification did not reset the circadian clock. However, the acute induction of CAT2 mRNA varied with time after imbibition, demonstrating that imbibition provides a signal capable of resetting the circadian clock and of synchronizing the clocks among populations of seedlings.
High-potential magnetic anisotropy of CoPtCr-SiO/sub 2/ perpendicular recording media (2005)

The magnetic anisotropy of CoPtCr-SiO/sub 2/ perpendicular recording media, including higher energy terms, was studied as a function of film composition and seed layer materials. All series of CoPtCr films with various Cr content, deposited on Ru seed layers, show maximum values of total anisotropy K/sub u/ at 25-30 at%Pt. The maximum value for CoPt(Cr=0) films reaches /spl sim/15/spl times/10/sup 6/ erg/cm/sup 3/. The addition of SiO/sub 2/ to the CoPtCr films reduces the grain K/sub u/, however the grain K/sub u/ maintains a large value of 8/spl times/10/sup 6/ erg/cm/sup 3/ even when 10at%SiO/sub 2/ is added to (Co/sub 90/Cr/sub 10/)/sub 80/Pt/sub 20/, for instance, which indicates the high-potential thermal stability. Theoretical calculations for media designs of 400 Gbits/in/sup 2/ revealed that the ratio of the high-energy anisotropy term K/sub u2/ to K/sub u1/(K/sub u/=K/sub u1/+K/sub u2/) is required to be 0.2-0.35 to enhance the energy barrier for the remanent state, without a notable change in switching field. The films deposited on Ru seed layers were found to show negligibly small K/sub u2/ values, however, the values of K/sub u1/ and K/sub u2/ vary significantly with the seed layer material used. K/sub u1/ decreases almost linearly as the K/sub u2/ value increases. It is concluded that CoPtCr films have a sufficient potential in the values of K/sub u1/ and K/sub u2/ for high-density perpendicular media.
FATTY ACID PROFILE AND ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF FRESH ISOLATES OF PSEUDOMONAS PSEUDOMALLEI (1991)

Eighty-one fresh isolates of Pseudomonas pseudomallei from melioidosis patients were subjected to the analysis for the fatty acid composition by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and pH-dependent pattern of nonspecific phosphatase activity. All the test strains were identical in the GLC profile showing the three peaks of characteristic hydroxy acids (3-OH 14:0, 2-OH 16:0, 3-OH 16:0) and the two prominent peaks of cyclopropane acids (17:0 delta, 19:0 delta). They had also basically the same pH-dependent curves of the enzymatic activity with paranitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, showing two to three peaks or shoulders only in the acidic side of the curve. These two biochemical characteristics could differentiate P. pseudomallei distinctly from P. aeruginosa, but not from P. cepacia.
Cofilin Aggregation Blocks Intracellular Trafficking and Induces Synaptic Loss in Hippocampal Neurons (2011)

Cofilin is an actin-binding protein and a major actin depolymerization factor in the central nervous system (CNS). Cofilin-actin aggregates are associated with neurodegenerative disorders, but how cofilin-actin aggregation induces pathological effects in the CNS remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that cofilin rods disrupted dendritic microtubule integrity in rat hippocampal cultures. Long term time-lapse imaging revealed that cofilin rods block intracellular trafficking of both mitochondria and early endosomes. Importantly, cofilin rod formation induced a significant loss of SV2 and PSD-95 puncta as well as dendritic spines. Cofilin rods also impaired local glutamate receptor responses. We discovered an inverse relationship between the number of synaptic events and the accumulation of cofilin rods in dendrites. We also detected cofilin rods in aging rat brains in vivo. These results suggest that cofilin aggregation may contribute to neurodegeneration and brain aging by blocking intracellular trafficking and inducing synaptic loss.
Clustering-based selective neural network ensemble (2005)

An effective ensemble should consist of a set of networks that are both accurate and diverse. We propose a novel clustering-based selective algorithm for constructing neural network ensemble, where clustering technology is used to classify trained networks according to similarity and optimally select the most accurate individual network from each cluster to make up the ensemble. Empirical studies on regression of four typical datasets showed that this approach yields significantly smaller ensemble achieving better performance than other traditional ones such as Bagging and Boosting. The bias variance decomposition of the predictive error shows that the success of the proposed approach may lie in its properly tuning the bias/variance trade-off to reduce the prediction error (the sum of bias2 and variance).
ARID1A gene silencing reduces the sensitivity of ovarian clear cell carcinoma to cisplatin (2016)

In ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), the mutation rate of the AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) gene is 46-57%. However, the effects of ARID1A gene silencing by small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the sensitivity of OCCC to cisplatin have not been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the association between ARID1A gene silencing and drug resistance in OCCC. Three pairs of ARID1A gene siRNA fragments (siRNA-1, siRNA-2 and siRNA-3) were designed and transiently transfected into ES2 OCCC cells using RNAi Max reagent. Western blotting results demonstrated that the transfection reduced ARID1A protein expression levels, with the siRNA-3 group having the lowest levels. The IC<sub>50</sub> value, determined using a Cell Counting kit-8 assay, was significantly increased by siRNA-3 transfection compared with that in blank control and negative control groups. The cell survival rate following treatment with 50 µM cisplatin for 48 h was significantly increased in the siRNA-3 group compared with the blank control and negative control groups. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the apoptosis rate for cisplatin-treated cells was significantly lower in cells with siRNA-3 transfection than in those without, and the apoptosis rate in siRNA-3-transfected cells was lower than that in the negative control group. Western blot analysis showed that the expression level of AKT in cisplatin-treated cells was significantly decreased compared with that in the negative control group, and the AKT expression level in cisplatin-treated cells was significantly higher with siRNA-3 transfection than without. Therefore, the results demonstrated that ARID1A siRNA efficiently decreased ARID1A expression, which reduced cisplatin chemosensitivity and cell apoptosis in ES2 OCCC cells via the regulation of AKT expression.
Floating Droplet Array: An Ultrahigh-Throughput Device for Droplet Trapping, Real-time Analysisand Recovery (2015)

We describe the design, fabrication and use of a dual-layered microfluidic device for ultrahigh-throughput droplet trapping, analysis, and recovery using droplet buoyancy. To demonstrate the utility of this device for digital quantification of analytes, we quantify the number of droplets, which contain a β-galactosidase-conjugated bead among more than 100,000 immobilized droplets. In addition, we demonstrate that this device can be used for droplet clustering and real-time analysis by clustering several droplets together into microwells and monitoring diffusion of fluorescein, a product of the enzymatic reaction of β-galactosidase and its fluorogenic substrate FDG, between droplets.
Modeling Orientation Effects in Symmetry (2000)

Symmetry detection is a key part of human perception.One incompletely understood aspect of symmetry detection concerns orientation effects.The best-known orientation effect is the preference for vertical symmetry, where symmetry around a vertical axis is detected more quickly and accurately than symmetry at other orientations.Current symmetry detection models have difficulty explaining this effect.Using MAGI (Ferguson, 1994), we show how orientation effects may be caused by interactions between the perceived visual relations and the current reference frame.As evidence for this explanation, we simulate several orientation characteristics, including the preference for vertical symmetry and Wiser's (1981) theory of "intrinsic axes".Finally, we successfully simulate the results of a classic study by Palmer and Hemenway (1978) which explores the relationship between the preference for vertical symmetry, multiple symmetries, and inexact symmetry.Collectively, these results show that orientation effects may be due to characteristics of detected visual relations rather than either exact point-to-point equivalencies or the bilateral symmetry of the visual system.
Proton NMR Observation of the Antineoplastic Agent Iproplatin <i>In Vivo</i> by Selective Multiple Quantum Coherence Transfer (Sel‐MQC) (1995)

We have noninvasively detected the proton signal of an antineoplastic agent Iproplatin in vivo by selective multiple quantum coherence transfer (Sel-MQC). Without isotopic labeling or chemical modification, the Sel-MQC method labels Iproplatin by its intrinsic proton multiple quantum coherences and, hence, differentiates the Iproplatin signal from the intensive overlapping resonances of lipid and lactate. This proton NMR method should also be applicable to study other drugs with appropriate spin coupling patterns.