gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 24 bit DSP for motion video codec and software development support system (2003)

The authors describe the architecture of a digital signal processor (DSP) well suited for motion video coding and its software development support tools. The DSP, named DISP (digital image signal processor), is image-coding oriented. It consists of several specified resources optimized for video signal processing, such as two-dimensional addressing and a combined arithmetic operation function. A simple and flexible video codec will be implemented with the DISP modules. The DISP software development support system, which consists of software support tools (assembler, linker and simulator) and a hardware support tool (hardware debugger), provides an interactive development environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determination of the Surface Charge Density of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles Using Second Harmonic Generation (2015)

Second harmonic generation is used to investigate the surface charge density of 50 nm colloidal gold nanoparticles in water. The gold nanoparticles are thiolated with mercaptosuccinic acid and are dialyzed in ultrapure water to remove excess salts and reactants. The second harmonic generation signal from the nanoparticle sample is measured as a function of added sodium chloride and magnesium chloride salt concentrations using the χ(3) technique. The experimental results are fit to the Gouy–Chapman model and to numerical solutions to the spherical Poisson–Boltzmann equation that account for the nanoparticle surface curvature, the different salt valences, and ion adsorption to the Stern layer interface. The best fits use the numerical solutions including ion adsorption and determine the initial surface charge density to be (−2.0 ± 0.1) × 10–3 C/m2 at the gold nanoparticle surface, in agreement with electrophoretic mobility measurements. In addition, the sodium ion is observed to adsorb with a higher surface charge density than the magnesium ion. These results demonstrate the important effects of surface curvature and ion adsorption in describing the surface chemistry and surface charge density of colloidal gold nanoparticles in water.
Custom CGH array profiling of copy number variations (CNVs) on chromosome 6p21.32 (HLA locus) in patients with venous malformations associated with multiple sclerosis (2010)

The CNVs contained in the HLA locus region in patients with the novel phenotype of CCSVI/VM and MS were mapped in detail, demonstrating a significant correlation between the number of known CNVs found in the HLA region and the number of CCSVI-VMs identified in patients. Pathway analysis revealed common routes of interaction of several of the genes involved in angiogenesis and immunity contained within this region. Despite the small sample size in this pilot study, it does suggest that the number of multiple polymorphic CNVs in the HLA locus deserves further study, owing to their possible involvement in susceptibility to this novel MS/VM plus phenotype, and perhaps even other types of the disease.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE EXTERNAL MAINTENANCE OF TANKERS (1972)

Reviews paint maintenance problems below and above the waterline. Methods of retarding hull roughness are considered including criteria for the selection of materials, and treatment in drydock. The effect of hull roughness on ships' speed is considered. Above the waterline the need for painting is examined and the requirements of maintenance considered. The prevention of corrosion and the requirement for good appearance are shown to be mutually compatible. The problems of painting decks and superstructures are also considered.
Current concepts of molecular defence mechanisms operative during urinary tract infection (2008)

Mucosal tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract are typically exposed to a tremendous number of microorganisms and many of them are potentially dangerous to the host. In contrast, the urogenital tract is rather infrequently colonized with bacterial organisms and also devoid of physical barriers as a multi-layered mucus or ciliated epithelia, thereby necessitating separate host defence mechanisms. Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) represents the successful case of microbial host evasion and poses a major medical and economic health problem. During recent years considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the immune homeostasis of the urogenital tract. Hence, the system of pathogen-recognition receptors including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is able to sense danger signalling and thus activate the host immune system of the genitourinary tract. Additionally, various soluble antimicrobial molecules including iron-sequestering proteins, defensins, cathelicidin and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), as well as their role for the prevention of UTI by modulating innate and adaptive immunity, have been more clearly defined. Furthermore, signalling mediators like cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or the circulatory hormone vasopressin were shown to be involved in the defence of uropathogenic microbes and maintenance of mucosal integrity. Beyond this, specific receptors e.g. CD46 or beta1/beta 3-integrins, have been elucidated that are hijacked by uropathogenic E. coli to enable invasion and survival within the urogenital system paving the way for chronic forms of urinary tract infection. Collectively, the majority of these findings offer novel avenues for basic and translational research implying effective therapies against the diverse forms of acute and chronic UTI.
Modelling the Infundibulum in Acne (1998)

The human sebaceous-pilosebaceous infundibulum was isolated and maintained for 7 days. Infundibular viability was maintained over 7 days in this medium. The addition of 1 ng/ml interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) caused hypercornification of the infundibulum similar to that seen in comedones which could be blocked by 1,000 ng/ml IL-1 receptor antagonist. However, in contrast to interferon gamma 1, IL-1 alpha had no effect on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule or human leucocyte antigen type DR in infundibular keratinocytes. The addition of 5 ng/ml epidermal growth factor or 5 ng/ml transforming growth factor alpha to the medium caused a disorganization of the keratinocytes of the infundibulum. We are now, therefore, able to model histologically the major infundibular changes in acne. Furthermore, we suggest that IL-1 alpha causes the scaling seen in many inflammatory skin diseases.
The modular character of growth in Nicotiana tabacum plants under steady-state nutrition (1999)

patterns evolve that determine the typical habitus for a certain species. Their basis is the organization of the plant The impact of different plant growth rates on biomass from modules like leaves, internodes and roots arranged allocation and growth distribution in tobacco was in a characteristic way (phytomers) (Scanlon, 1998). studied on the whole plant, total leaf area and single Underlying principles in these patterns represent the leaf level. On the whole plant level, constant relation- functional balance between diVerent parts of the plant ships were found between the total leaf area and and can only be understood from a multiscale approach: the biomass allocation to leaves and the non- whole plant processes need to be coupled mechanistically photosynthetic organs (roots and stem) independent to the underlying growth process in the individual modfrom the overall growth rate and the nutrient addition ules to understand growth regulation. On the other hand, rate to the plants. On the level of total leaf area, plants analysis of growth on the level of the organs and on grown at lower nutrient supply reached a distinct dis- smaller scales needs to be related to the framework of tribution of leaf area later than those grown at higher the whole plant. nutrient supply, but the normalized distribution of leaf Quantitative analysis of the patterns requires the use area along the stem at a certain plant size did not of adequate co-ordinate systems. The higher complexity differ between plants growing at different nutrient inherent to areal growth of dicot leaves has hampered supply and growth rates. On the leaf blade level, progress in this field significantly, in contrast to linearly growth rates declined, initially linearly, from the leaf arranged monocot leaves or roots (Schurr, 1997). Often base to the leaf tip. Distinct gradients within the side cartesian (rectangular) co-ordinate systems are used to veins were not observed, but the growth rates of the analyse spatial aspects of growth (Avery, 1933; Poethig side veins were closely correlated to the adjacent mid- and Sussex, 1985; Granier and Tardieu, 1998). They are vein segments. These gradients flattened with increas- useful for the description of Euclidean geometric objects ing size of the leaf. The modular character of growth (or models), or for spatio-temporal movements of points in tobacco is discussed in the context of basic growth like in classical mechanics, but hardly for natural objects. analysis and as a framework for physiological, cytolo- The physical description of movement or growth progical, biochemical, and molecular studies in growing cesses of natural objects subjected to natural conditions/ plants.
Granulating Conditions for Preparation of Thickening Agents and Homogeneity of Granules (2009)

Two step granulation was conducted in a fluidized bed granulator. Thickening agents and dextrin were added together with aqueous solution of pullulan as a binder so as to ensure the stable operation as well as to achieve homogeneous dispersion of the thickening agents. The effect of pullulan concentration on the homogeneity of ingredients content in granules was examined by measuring the viscosity of water solutions which dissolved the granules with different size ranges prepared at various binder concentrations.As a result, the most homogeneous granules were found to be obtained by using the pullulan binder concentration of 1.5～2.5％ by weight in the two step granulation.
Identifying classes in SAR sea ice imagery using correlated texture (2002)

This paper presents a new technique in identifying classes in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea ice imagery using correlated texture. First, the authors employ dynamic local thresholding to generate a histogram of thresholds. Then, they use a multi-resolution peak-detection method, a strategy used in digital image quantization field, to extract significant intensity thresholds from the histogram and provide an initial segmentation. Next, they compute correlated texture of the result and create a matrix of spatial, probabilistic relationships among the classes. Given the texture, they cluster the classes into different groups. The clustering concept is based on an innovative "solidification" model that strives to obtain similar auto-correlated textural values for all groups. This process produces a second segmentation with the correct number of classes. They have tested their technique in more than 200 SAR sea ice imagery successfully. The entire process is fully automated and fast.
Nonvolatile Memory Cells Based on MoS<sub>2</sub>/Graphene Heterostructures (2013)

Memory cells are an important building block of digital electronics. We combine here the unique electronic properties of semiconducting monolayer MoS2 with the high conductivity of graphene to build a 2D heterostructure capable of information storage. MoS2 acts as a channel in an intimate contact with graphene electrodes in a field-effect transistor geometry. Our prototypical all-2D transistor is further integrated with a multilayer graphene charge trapping layer into a device that can be operated as a nonvolatile memory cell. Because of its band gap and 2D nature, monolayer MoS2 is highly sensitive to the presence of charges in the charge trapping layer, resulting in a factor of 10(4) difference between memory program and erase states. The two-dimensional nature of both the contact and the channel can be harnessed for the fabrication of flexible nanoelectronic devices with large-scale integration.
Gene Expression Profiles of Nondiabetic and Diabetic Obese Mice Suggest a Role of Hepatic Lipogenic Capacity in Diabetes Susceptibility (2003)

Obesity is a strong risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. We have previously reported that in adipose tissue of obese (ob/ob) mice, the expression of adipogenic genes is decreased. When made genetically obese, the BTBR mouse strain is diabetes susceptible and the C57BL/6J (B6) strain is diabetes resistant. We used DNA microarrays and RT-PCR to compare the gene expression in BTBR-ob/ob versus B6-ob/ob mice in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreatic islets. Our results show: 1) there is an increased expression of genes involved in inflammation in adipose tissue of diabetic mice; 2) lipogenic gene expression was lower in adipose tissue of diabetes-susceptible mice, and it continued to decrease with the development of diabetes, compared with diabetes-resistant obese mice; 3) hepatic expression of lipogenic enzymes was increased and the hepatic triglyceride content was greatly elevated in diabetes-resistant obese mice; 4) hepatic expression of gluconeogenic genes was suppressed at the prediabetic stage but not at the onset of diabetes; and 5) genes normally not expressed in skeletal muscle and pancreatic islets were expressed in these tissues in the diabetic mice. We propose that increased hepatic lipogenic capacity protects the B6-ob/ob mice from the development of type 2 diabetes.
Example-Driven Bandwidth Expansion (2007)

In this paper we present an example-driven algorithm that allows the recovery of wide regions of lost spectral components in bandlimited signals. We present a generative spectral model which allows the extraction of salient information from audio snippets, and then apply this information to enhance the bandwidth of bandlimited signals.
A Comparative Analysis of Thermal Blood Perfusion Measurement Techniques (1987)

The object of this study was to devise a unified method for comparing different thermal techniques for the estimation of blood perfusion rates and to perform a comparison for several common techniques. The approach used was to develop analytical models for the temperature response for all combinations of five power deposition geometries (spherical, one- and two-dimensional cylindrical, and one- and two-dimensional Gaussian) and three transient heating techniques (temperature pulse-decay, temperature step function, and constant-power heat-up) plus one steady-state heating technique. The transient models were used to determine the range of times (the time window) when a significant portion of the transient temperature response was due to blood perfusion. This time window was defined to begin when the difference between the conduction-only and the conduction-plus-blood flow transient temperature (or power) responses exceeded a specified value, and to end when the conduction-plus-blood flow transient temperature (or power) reached a specified fraction of its steady-state value. The results are summarized in dimensionless plots showing the size of the time windows for each of the transient perfusion estimation techniques. Several conclusions were drawn, in particular: (a) low perfusions are difficult to estimate because of the dominance of conduction, (b) large heated regions are better suited for estimation of low perfusions, (c) noninvasive heating techniques are superior because they have the potential to minimize conduction effects, and (d) none of the transient techniques appears to be clearly superior to the others.
Magnesite disposal of carbon dioxide (1997)

In this paper we report our progress on developing a method for carbon dioxide disposal whose purpose it is to maintain coal energy competitive even is environmental and political pressures will require a drastic reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. In contrast to most other methods, our approach is not aiming at a partial solution of the problem, or at buying time for phasing out fossil energy. Instead, its purpose is to obtain a complete and economic solution of the problem, and thus maintain access to the vast fossil energy reservoir. A successful development of this technology would guarantee energy availability for many centuries even if world economic growth the most optimistic estimates that have been put forward. Our approach differs from all others in that we are developing an industrial process which chemically binds the carbon dioxide in an exothermic reaction into a mineral carbonate that is thermodynamically stable and environmentally benign.
광한루원의 수목 및 구조물 정비 방안 (2011)

전라북도 남원시에 위치한 광한루원은 조선시대 관아건축물인 광한루를 중심으로 주변에 조성된 정원과 함께 조선시대 대표적인 관아정원의 모습을 보여주는 장소이다. 그러나 광한루원은 현재 조선시대 관아정원으로서의 특성과 이미지보다는 지역문화인 춘향전의 배경 장서로서의 인식이 높은데, 이는 춘향전의 한문본인 광한루기에 광한루가 춘향전의 배경장소로서 나타났기 때문이며, 1930년대 이후 춘향사당의 건립과 춘향제가 열리면서, 조선시대 관아건축물로서의 인식보다는 일제강점기 시절 민족의식 고취와 춘향의 절개를 추모하는 장소로서 활용되었기 때문이다. 관아건축물로서의 인식보다는 춘향전의 배경장소로서의 인식이 높아지며 관아정원으로서 보전, 관리되기 보다는 춘향전의 배경장소로서 민가주택정원이나 지역문화 행사장으로서 관리되면서 무분별한 수목의 식재와 구조물 조성, 공간구성에 의해 관아정원으로서의 특성을 찾아보기 힘들게 되었다. 따라서 광한루원을 조선시대 관아정원으로서 보전, 관리해 가기 위해서는, 현재 광한루원에 조성된 수목, 구조물, 공간구성 등을 조사하고, 이를 문헌분석을 통해 파악된 광한루원의 원형과 비교, 분석하여, 광한루를 중심으로 조성된 관아정원 지역과 춘향전의 배경장소를 구분하여 정비, 관리하여야 할 것이다. 이를 통해 광한루원은 관아정원으로서의 정체성을 확보할 수 있을 것이며, 전통공간의 광한루를 중심으로 펼쳐진 춘향전은 전통의 맥을 잇는 지역문화로서 자리잡을 수 있을 것이다.
Single electron transfer in the reaction of enolates with alkyl halides (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSingle electron transfer in the reaction of enolates with alkyl halidesE. C. Ashby and J. N. ArgyropoulosCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 18, 3274–3283Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00218a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00218a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views638Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High level hardware validation using hierarchical message sequence charts (2004)

We describe a methodology for designing, testing, and verifying hardware designs from a high level of abstraction, using a visual formalism based on hierarchical message sequence charts. We develop a method for generating behaviors and monitors automatically from this high level description, and using it to validate actual hardware implementations developed by design teams. We apply our methodology to the design of a PCl-Express switch, and show that the methodology is useful in finding many design errors. We develop an enhanced hMSC language that can be much better suited for describing complex standards and protocols like the PCI-express.
Activation studies of low-dose Si implants in gallium nitride (1998)

The implantation of Si ions into undoped high-resistivity GaN films is of interest for the realization of high-performance digital and monolithic microwave integrated circuits. We report the effect of postimplant annealing conditions on the electrical, optical, and surface morphology of Si ion-implanted GaN films. We demonstrate high activation efficiencies for low-dose Si implants into unintentionally doped GaN/sapphire heteroepitaxial films. The Si ions were implanted through an epitaxial AlN cap layer at 100 keV and a dose ∼5×1014 cm−2. Samples were subsequently annealed in an open-tube furnace for various times and temperatures. The postanneal electrical activation is correlated with the surface morphology of the film after annealing. The samples annealed at 1150 °C in N2 for 5 min. exhibited a smooth surface morphology and a sheet electron concentration ns∼6.8×1013 cm−2.
Reducing Self-Injurious Behavior by Differentially Reinforcing other Behaviors (1979)

Previous work has demonstrated the efficacy of differentially reinforcing other behaviors (DRO) as a procedure for the reduction of self-injurious behavior, especially when combined with other procedures. The present study employed an ABAB design to investigate the efficacy of DRO alone as a procedure for decreasing the self-injurious behavior of an institutionalized 9-year-old female. The data indicated a functional relationship between the DRO procedure and a decrease in the rate of self-injurious behavior, as evidenced by the consistent decrease in self-injurious behavior In the presence of the DRO procedure. The self-injurious behavior was not eliminated, but a discussion of the possible reasons indicates that variables other than the DRO procedure may have been responsible for the continued low-rate occurrence of this behavior. A discussion of future DRO research concerns is included.
Signaling Signatures and Functional Properties of Anti-Human CD28 Superagonistic Antibodies (2008)

Superagonistic CD28 antibodies (CD28SAs) activate T lymphocytes without concomitant perturbation of the TCR/CD3-complex. In rodents these reagents induce the preferential expansion of regulatory T cells and can be used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Unexpectedly, the humanized CD28 superagonist TGN1412 caused severe and life threatening adverse effects during a recently conducted phase I clinical trail. The underlying molecular mechanisms are as yet unclear. We show that TGN1412 as well as the commercially available CD28 superagonist ANC28.1 induce a delayed but extremely sustained calcium response in human naïve and memory CD4+ T cells but not in cynomolgus T lymphocytes. The sustained Ca++-signal was associated with the activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways and together these events culminated in the rapid de novo synthesis of high amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, most notably IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Importantly, sustained transmembranous calcium flux, activation of Src-kinases as well as activation of PI3K were found to be absolutely required for CD28SA-mediated production of IFN-gamma and IL-2. Collectively, our data suggest a molecular basis for the severe side effects caused by TGN1412 and impinge upon the relevance of non-human primates as preclinical models for reagents that are supposed to modify the function of human T cells.