gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared Spectra of Branched Long-chain Fatty Acids<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared Spectra of Branched Long-chain Fatty Acids1N. K. FreemanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 10, 2523–2528Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01130a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (687 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Simple Technique for Improving the Performance of Intensity Probes (1992)

Discussion de l'existence d'erreurs significatives sur la mesure de l'intensite acoustique par la methode des deux microphones, a ceux de la sensibilite du systeme aux deviations de reponses de phase des deux chaines de mesure. Presentation de resultats de mesure demontrant la possibilite d'amelioration des performances grâce a une technique de compensation. Application de cette technique a l'estimation complete de la puissance acoustique
Photoluminescence of InSb, InAs, and InAsSb grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (1990)

Infrared photoluminescence (PL) from InSb, InAs, and InAs1−xSbx (x&lt;0.3) epitaxial layers grown by atmospheric pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy has been investigated for the first time over an extended temperature range. The values of full width at half maximum of the PL peaks show that the epitaxial layer quality is comparable to that grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The observed small peak shift with temperature for most InAs1−xSbx epilayers may be explained by wave-vector-nonconserving transitions involved in the PL emission. For comparison, PL spectra from InSb/InSb and InAs/InAs show that the wave-vector-conserving mechanism is responsible for the PL emission. The temperature dependence of the energy band gaps, Eg, in InSb and InAs is shown to follow Varshni’s equation Eg(T)=Eg0−αT2/ (T+β). The empirical constants are calculated to be Eg0=235 meV, α=0.270 meV/K, and β=106 K for InSb and Eg0=415 meV, α=0.276 meV/K, and β=83 K for InAs.
Next-generation of targeted AAVP vectors for systemic transgene delivery against cancer (2019)

Bacteriophage (phage) have attractive advantages as delivery systems compared with mammalian viruses, but have been considered poor vectors because they lack evolved strategies to confront and overcome mammalian cell barriers to infective agents. We reasoned that improved efficacy of delivery might be achieved through structural modification of the viral capsid to avoid pre- and postinternalization barriers to mammalian cell transduction. We generated multifunctional hybrid adeno-associated virus/phage (AAVP) particles to enable simultaneous display of targeting ligands on the phage's minor pIII proteins and also degradation-resistance motifs on the very numerous pVIII coat proteins. This genetic strategy of directed evolution bestows a next-generation of AAVP particles that feature resistance to fibrinogen adsorption or neutralizing antibodies and ability to escape endolysosomal degradation. This results in superior gene transfer efficacy in vitro and also in preclinical mouse models of rodent and human solid tumors. Thus, the unique functions of our next-generation AAVP particles enable improved targeted gene delivery to tumor cells.
Social relationship classification based on interaction data from smartphones (2013)

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing have fundamentally changed the way people interact and communicate with each other. As the command-center of the user's communications with the outside world, smartphones hold the key to understand the user's social relationship with other people of interest. In this paper, we propose to use the unique multi-model interaction data from smartphone to classify social relationships. We firstly carry out a social interaction data collection campaign with a group of smartphone users to obtain real-life multi-modal communication data and model the data as a social interaction matrix. Then we perform a statistical analysis on the social interaction matrix to identify the interesting interaction patterns in the data. After applying different classification algorithms on social interaction matrix, we find that SVM outperforms KNN and decision tree algorithms, with a classification accuracy of 82.4% (the accuracies of KNN and decision tree are 79.9% and 77.6% respectively). Additionally, with dimensionality reduction algorithms, we embed the social interaction data containing 65 features into a 9-dimensional space while preserving the high classification accuracy. We also demonstrate the viability of applying CUR decomposition to identify important features so as to conserve energy during interaction data collection. In particular, based on the 13 out of 65 features selected by the CUR approach, we can still achieve classification accuracy of 77.7% while substantially cut down the amount of raw interaction data to be collected, stored and processed.
身近な生物に関する調査報告 -平成15年度第4四半期「理科授業研究A」受講生の場合- (2004)

平成15年度第4四半期「理科授業研究A」受講生を回答者として、「多様な生物」に関する意識と現行の小中学校理科（生活科を含む）教科書に示されている「身近な生物」の身近さの程度とを問うアンケート調査を実施し、回答結果を分析・考察した。小学校教員になろうとする学生として、例えば、教科書で示されている生物の1/3は身近な生物ではなく、1/5は聴いたことさえない生物であること、また、「生物多様性条約」「生物多様性国家戦略」を誰一人として聴いたことがないことからわかるように、環境教育に関わる新しい課題「生物の多様性」に対処していくために必要な知識や関心があるとは言い難かった。教科書で示されている生物に対する検討だけでなく、教員養成に関しても検討が求められるものである。
The Thermodynamic Properties of Water Substance 0° to 150°C PART VI (1947)

Commitments regarding additional research on the properties of water in the region below 200°C made on the occasion of the Third International Conference on Steam Tables in 1934 have been largely completed. Correlation of all new data using James A. Beattie's determinations of the relation of the International temperature scale of 1927 to the thermodynamic scale discloses a high degree of thermodynamic consistency from 0° to 150°C between thermal data, vapor pressures, and equation of state information. The proposed vapor pressures over the temperature range are probably accurate to ±0.002°C. New measurements of vapor pressure over the range are, however, desirable but the ultimate in refinements of temperature control and pressure accuracy should be sought if the indicated discrepancies are to be resolved. Tables of vapor pressure, pressure-temperature derivatives, essential temperature-scale magnitudes, enthalpies, and entropies are given. An equation of state for steam is reported from 0° to 460°C, valid for low pressures and based on the ensemble of volume data and enthalpy pressure coefficients available.
Narratives by Max and Fred (2008)

These two pieces were written by Fred and Max with help from their human typists, Lauren Singer and Mardy Sitzer, respectively. Fred wrote his narrative as a way of helping Lauren deal with the death of her father. Dr. Bernie Singer. Max wrote his narrative to describe how he helped Mardy recover from a home invasion.
Biphasic transforming growth factor-β production flanking the pro-inflammatory cytokine response in cerebral trauma (1995)

We determined the time-course of the production of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) after fluid-percussion injury using a bioassay. Biophasic production of TGF-β composed mainly of TGF-β2 was detected in the ipsilateral cortex, with a first peak 30 min and a second peak 48 h after the lesion, flanking the transient production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 occurring between 5 and 18 h after trauma. This temporal pattern suggested that TGF-β plays alternatively a pro- and anti-inflammatory role in the regulation of the brain cytokine network in response to injury, providing an endogenous mechanism for the control of the inflammatory reaction in traumatic brain injury.
Adenovirus E1a-mediated tumor suppression by a c-erbB-2/neu-independent mechanism. (1995)

We reported previously that the adenovirus E1a gene reversed the transformed phenotype of one human melanoma and one fibrosarcoma cell line (S. Frisch, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88: 9077-9081, 1991). To determine the generality of the tumor suppression effects of E1a, a diversity of tumor cell lines, including A204 rhabdomyosarcoma, RD rhabdomyosarcoma, Saos-2 osteosarcoma, NCI-H23 non-small cell lung carcinoma, MDA-MB435S breast carcinoma, and ras-transformed MDCK kidney epithelial cells, were infected with a retrovirus bearing the 12S E1a coding sequence. We demonstrate here that the expression of E1a severely reduced the anchorage-independent and tumorigenic growth of these cell lines without affecting their growth under normal culture conditions. The parental tumor cells used in this study did not overexpress c-erbB-2/neu, and E1a did not affect its expression in these cells. Thus, tumor suppression by E1a can operate in a wide variety of human tumor cells by c-erbB-2/neu-independent mechanisms. E1a also sensitized these cell lines to the cytotoxic effects of the anticancer drugs etoposide and cisplatin. The results suggest that E1a could prove useful for the gene therapy of a wide variety of human cancers.
Panchromatic Sensitizer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Unsymmetrical Squaraine Dyes Incorporating Benzodithiophene π-Spacer with Alkyl Chains to Extend Conjugation, Control the Dye Assembly on TiO<sub>2</sub>, and Retard Charge Recombination (2017)

Metal-free near-infrared (NIR) active unsymmetrical squaraine dyes, RSQ1 and RSQ2, with benzodithiophene (BDT) π-spacer and cyanoacrylic acid acceptor were synthesized by utilizing palladium catalyzed direct (hetero)arylation reaction. Methyl and 2-ethylhexyl groups were strategically placed at the BDT unit for RSQ1 and RSQ2, respectively, to investigate the effect of alkylated π-spacer on dye aggregation on the TiO<sub>2</sub> surface and recombination reactions at TiO<sub>2</sub>/dye/electrolyte interface. These dyes have strong absorption (ε > 10<sup>5</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup>) in near-infrared (NIR) region and exhibit similar optical and electrochemical properties as they have same conjugated framework. RSQ2 performed better than RSQ1 owing to its higher open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) and fill factor (ff) in spite of having comparable short-circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>). The panchromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) response was also observed for both the dyes. RSQ2 showed power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.72% with short-circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>) of 18.53 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, open circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) of 0.538 V, and fill factor (ff) of 67.4%, without any coadsorbent. Attenuation of the charge recombination for RSQ2 was revealed by electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS) and open-circuit potential decay transients (OCVD), which attributes to its higher V<sub>oc</sub> and ff in comparison to RSQ1.
Evidence of Antiangiogenic and Antimetastatic Activities of the Recombinant Disintegrin Domain of Metargidin (2004)

Metargidin, a transmembrane protein of the adamalysin family, and integrins, e.g., alpha5beta1 and alphav, are preferentially expressed on endothelial cells on angiogenesis. Furthermore, metargidin interacts with these integrins via its disintegrin domain. In this study, recombinant human disintegrin domain (RDD) was produced in Escherichia coli by subcloning its cDNA into the pGEX-2T vector, and the effect of purified RDD on different steps of angiogenesis was evaluated. At concentrations of 2-10 micro g/ml, RDD exhibited inhibitory activities in a variety of in vitro functional assays, including endothelial cell proliferation and adhesion on the integrin substrates fibronectin, vitronectin, and fibrinogen. RDD (10 micro g/ml) totally abrogated endothelial cell migration and blocked most capillary formation in a three-dimensional fibrin gel. To test RDD efficacy in vivo, the RDD gene inserted into pBi vector containing a tetracycline-inducible promoter was electrotransferred into nude mouse muscle. RDD was successfully synthesized by muscle cells in vivo as shown by immunolabeling and Western blotting. In addition, 78% less MDA-MB-231 tumor growth, associated with strong inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, was observed in athymic mice bearing electrotransferred RDD. Moreover, in the presence of RDD, 74% fewer B16F10 melanoma lung metastases were found in C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, these results identified this RDD as a potent intrinsic inhibitor of angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis, making it a promising tool for use in anticancer treatment.
"만 5세아 초등학교 의무교육" 논쟁의 타당성 분석 (2010)

본 연구는 만 5세아 초등학교 의무취학의 타당성 여부를 분석하기 위하여 시도되었다. 타당성의 여부는 현재의 초등학교 교육환경에서 만 5세아를 의무적으로 교육하는 것이 발달적으로 적합한 것인가의 문제가 핵심이라고 보고, 언제(When), 어디서(Where), 누가(Who), 무엇을(What), 어떻게(How), 왜(Why)라는 6가지 관점에 서 그 타당성을 밝히고자 하였다. 분석 결과 6가지 측면에서 모두 타당한 결과가 도출되지 않았다. 따라서, 만 5세아 초등학교 의무교육은 현재의 초등학교 교육환경을 고려해볼 때 적합하지 않고, 의무교육을 주장하는 논리에 타당성이 미흡하거나 결여되어 있는 것으로 분석되었다.
Lossless trace compression (2001)

The tremendous storage space required for a useful data base of program traces has prompted a search for trace reduction techniques. In this paper, we discuss a range of information-lossless address and instruction trace compression schemes that can reduce both storage space and access time by an order of magnitude or more, without discarding either references or interreference timing information from the original trace. The PDATS family of trace compression techniques achieves trace coding densities of about six references per byte. This family of techniques is now in use as the standard in the NMSU TraceBase, an extensive trace archive that has been established for use by the international research and teaching community.
A Novel Ensemble-Based Scoring and Search Algorithm for Protein Redesign and Its Application to Modify the Substrate Specificity of the Gramicidin Synthetase A Phenylalanine Adenylation Enzyme (2005)

Realization of novel molecular function requires the ability to alter molecular complex formation. Enzymatic function can be altered by changing enzyme-substrate interactions via modification of an enzyme's active site. A redesigned enzyme may either perform a novel reaction on its native substrates or its native reaction on novel substrates. A number of computational approaches have been developed to address the combinatorial nature of the protein redesign problem. These approaches typically search for the global minimum energy conformation among an exponential number of protein conformations. We present a novel algorithm for protein redesign, which combines a statistical mechanics-derived ensemble-based approach to computing the binding constant with the speed and completeness of a branch-and-bound pruning algorithm. In addition, we developed an efficient deterministic approximation algorithm, capable of approximating our scoring function to arbitrary precision. In practice, the approximation algorithm decreases the execution time of the mutation search by a factor of ten. To test our method, we examined the Phe-specific adenylation domain of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase gramicidin synthetase A (GrsA-PheA). Ensemble scoring, using a rotameric approximation to the partition functions of the bound and unbound states for GrsA-PheA, is first used to predict binding of the wildtype protein and a previously described mutant (selective for leucine), and second, to switch the enzyme specificity toward leucine, using two novel active site sequences computationally predicted by searching through the space of possible active site mutations. The top scoring in silico mutants were created in the wetlab and dissociation/binding constants were determined by fluorescence quenching. These tested mutations exhibit the desired change in specificity from Phe to Leu. Our ensemble-based algorithm, which flexibly models both protein and ligand using rotamer-based partition functions, has application in enzyme redesign, the prediction of protein-ligand binding, and computer-aided drug design.
Monolithic Capacitive DC-DC Converter With Single Boundary–Multiphase Control and Voltage Domain Stacking in 90 nm CMOS (2011)

Monolithic integration in CMOS has boosted the development of low cost, compact and portable consumer applications. But until now the monolithic integration of DC-DC converters is still omitted in commercial applications. Primarily due to the need for high-efficiency converters and appropriate techniques to control high-frequency capacitive DC-DC converters. This paper presents a fully integrated capacitive step-down DC-DC converter in 90 nm CMOS with an ouput power capability of 150mW, a peak efficiency of 77% and a full load efficiency of 74%. The DC-DC converter is controlled by a Single Boundary–Multiphase Control (SB-MC). This control method provides a low power solution for controlling multiphase capacitive DC-DC converters without compromising the control loop bandwidth. This paper describes the design, implementation and measurements of the DC-DC converter.
The Crystal Structure of the Platelet Activator Aggretin Reveals a Novel (αβ)<sub>2</sub>Dimeric Structure (2008)

Aggretin is a C-type lectin purified from Calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom. It is a potent activator of platelets, resulting in a collagen-like response by binding and clustering platelet receptor CLEC-2. We present here the crystal structure of aggretin at 1.7 A which reveals a unique tetrameric quaternary structure. The two alphabeta heterodimers are arranged through 2-fold rotational symmetry, resulting in an antiparallel side-by-side arrangement. Aggretin thus presents two ligand binding sites on one surface and can therefore cluster ligands in a manner reminiscent of convulxin and flavocetin. To examine the molecular basis of the interaction with CLEC-2, we used a molecular modeling approach of docking the aggretin alphabeta structure with the CLEC-2 N-terminal domain (CLEC-2N). This model positions the CLEC-2N structure face down in the "saddle"-shaped binding site which lies between the aggretin alpha and beta lectin-like domains. A 2-fold rotation of this complex to generate the aggretin tetramer reveals dimer contacts for CLEC-2N which bring the N- and C-termini into the proximity of each other, and a series of contacts involving two interlocking beta-strands close to the N-terminus are described. A comparison with homologous lectin-like domains from the immunoreceptor family reveals a similar but not identical dimerization mode, suggesting this structure may represent the clustered form of CLEC-2 capable of signaling across the platelet membrane.
Different Regions in Activation Function-1 of the Human Estrogen Receptor Required for Antiestrogen- and Estradiol-dependent Transcription Activation (1996)

The human estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-inducible transcription factor that contains two transcriptional activation functions, one located in the NH2-terminal region of the protein (AF-1) and the second in the COOH-terminal region (AF-2). Antiestrogens, such as trans-hydroxytamoxifen (TOT), have partial agonistic activity in certain cell types, and studies have implied that this agonism is AF-1-dependent. We have made progressive NH2-terminal and other segment deletions and ligations in the A/B domain, and studied the transcriptional activity of these mutant ERs in ER-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer and HEC-1 human endometrial cancer cells. Using several estrogens and several partial agonist/antagonist antiestrogens, we find that estrogens and antiestrogens require different regions of AF-1 for transcriptional activation. Deletion of the first 40 amino acids has no effect on receptor activity. Antiestrogen agonism is lost upon deletion to amino acid 87, while estrogen agonism is not lost until deletions progress to amino acid 109. Antiestrogen agonism has been further defined to require amino acids 41-64, as deletion of only these amino acids results in an ER that exhibits 100% activity with E2, but no longer shows an agonist response to TOT. With A/B-modified receptors in which antiestrogens lose their agonistic activity, the antiestrogens then function as pure estrogen antagonists. Our studies show that in these cellular contexts, hormone-dependent transcription utilizes a range of the amino acid sequence within the A/B domain. Furthermore, the agonist/antagonist balance and activity of antiestrogens such as TOT are determined by specific sequences within the A/B domain and thus may be influenced by differences in levels of specific factors that interact with these regions of the ER.
DRIVER PREFERENCES FOR INSTRUMENT PANEL LIGHTING LEVELS (1990)

Notes: Report covers the period 1 May 1989-31 Dec 1989
Analysis, ranking and selection of R&D projects in a portfolio (2002)

A method for the analysis, ranking and selection of R&D projects from a portfolio is outlined and demonstrated. It is proposed that an objective multi‐criteria decision making method, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), be used to split a portfolio of projects into accept, consider further and reject sub‐groups. Next, the ‘consider further’ group is examined using a subjective method, the Value Creation Model. Such an approach allows for obvious decisions to be automated and complex decisions to be given careful consideration, an approach that is more consistent with how practising managers actually make select/reject decisions. DEA allows for comparison of variables without requiring weights or conversion factors. The relation between research strategy and consideration of categorical data is considered in relation to the research portfolio of the Advanced Technology Division of Bell Laboratories.
Preclinical x-ray dark-field radiography for pulmonary emphysema evaluation (2013)

Pulmonary emphysema is a widespread disorder characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls. The spatial distribution of the disease, so far, could only be obtained using an X-ray CT scan, implying a high patient dose. X-ray scattering on alveolar structures is measured in the dark-field signal. The signal is dependent on the size of alveoli and therefore, a combination of absorption and darkfield signal is explored for mapping the distribution of emphysema in the lung on x-ray projection images. In this study three excised murine lungs with pulmonary emphysema and three control samples were imaged using a compact, cone-beam, small-animal x-ray dark-field scanner with a polychromatic source. Statistical analysis of the results, based on a combination of transmission and darkfield signals, revealed a distinct difference between emphysematous and control samples. Subsequently, the distribution of emphysema was mapped out per-pixel for the lungs and showed good agreement with histological findings.