gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two different dihydroorotate dehydrogenases from yeast <i>Saccharomyces kluyveri</i> (2004)

Genes for two structurally and functionally different dihydroorotate dehydrogenases (DHODHs, EC 1.3.99.11), catalyzing the fourth step of pyrimidine biosynthesis, have been previously found in yeast Saccharomyces kluyveri. One is closely related to the Schizosaccharomyces pombe mitochondrial family 2 enzymes, which use quinones as direct and oxygen as the final electron acceptor. The other one resembles the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytosolic family 1A fumarate-utilizing DHODH. The DHODHs from S. kluyveri, Sch. pombe and S. cerevisiae, were expressed in Escherichia coli and compared for their biochemical properties and interaction with inhibitors. Benzoates as pyrimidine ring analogs were shown to be selective inhibitors of cytosolic DHODs. This unique property of Saccharomyces DHODHs could appoint DHODH as a species-specific target for novel anti-fungal therapeutics.
Novel synthetic collagen fibers, poly(PHG), stimulate platelet aggregation through glycoprotein VI (2008)

Novel synthetic collagen fibers, poly(PHG) made by polycondensation of Pro-Hyp-Gly, spontaneously assume polymeric structure with molecular weights greater than 10(5). Its application for biomaterials has been explored, but that for a platelet agonist has not been investigated. Poly(PHG)-induced platelet aggregation independently of thromboxane A(2) and integrin alpha2beta1. Poly(PHG)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-related molecules and failed to activate GPVI/FcRgamma-deficient platelets. Binding of GPVI to poly(PHG) was confirmed by a surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, suggesting that poly(PHG) activates platelets through GPVI. Poly(PHG) is an useful research tool to investigate GPVI-mediated signals and a substitute for collagen in platelet functional assays.
Core Backbone Convergence Mechanisms and Microloops Analysis (2012)

In this article we study approaches that can be used to minimise the convergence time, we also make a focus on microloops phenomenon, analysis and means to mitigate them. The convergence time reflects the time required by a network to react to a failure of a link or a router failure itself. When all nodes (routers) have updated their respective routing and forwarding databases, we can say the network has converged. This study will help in building real-time and resilient network infrastructure, the goal is to make any evenement in the core network, as transparent as possible to any sensitive and real-time flows. This study is also, a deepening of earlier works presented in [10] and [11].
Computer‐Aided Assessment of Spinal Inflammation on Magnetic Resonance Images in Patients With Spondyloarthritis (2015)

Computer-aided assessment of spinal inflammation in spondyloarthritis is quick, reliable, and sensitive and correlates better with clinical disease activity than does visual assessment by the Berlin method.
Three-dimensional transfer functions in 4Pi confocal microscopes (1994)

We investigate three-dimensional transfer functions in order to understand image formation in the recently proposed 4Pi confocal microscope [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A9, 2159 ( 1992);Opt. Commun.93, 277 ( 1992)]. Both nonfluorescence and fluorescence imaging methods are considered, and the effects of apodization functions are taken into account. It is shown that for a 4Pi confocal system of finite-sized aperture the cutoff spatial frequency in the axial direction is larger than that in the transverse direction; this behavior is opposite that of conventional confocal systems, explaining the observation of high axial resolution in 4Pi confocal systems. In addition, the three-dimensional optical transfer function for a conventional confocal fluorescence microscope of high aperture is presented.
[EphrinB2 gene transfection promotes the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into vascular endothelial cells]. (2008)

EphrinB2 gene transfection efficiently promotes the differentiation of BMSCs into vascular endothelial cells. These genetically engineered cells provide valuable sources for new therapies of coronary heart disease.
Cahokia Interaction With Contemporary Southeastern and Eastern Societies (1993)

Cahokia was recognized as a major prehistoric site in the early nineteenth century, notably by Brackenridge in a number of articles from 1811 to 1818. His comments are presented in a recently published historical atlas of Cahokia archaeology (Fowler 1989:1-7). It was long recognized as probably the most important Indian site in Illinois, undoubtedly related to the St. Louis group that was mapped by a member of the Stephen H. Long expedition in 1819 (Peale 1862: 386-391). A copper long-nosed God Mask was found in the Big Mound in St. Louis. Williams and Goggin (1956:1 71) demonstrated its connections from Diamond Bluff and Aztalan in Wisconsin to Shreveport, Louisiana, and Jacksonville, Florida, as well as its representation on engraved shell and embossed copper designs of the Mississippian period. The 1930-1931 excavations of the Big Powell Mound, north of East St. Louis, produced distinctive spindle shaped ear spools (Titterington 1938:40), which are very similar to specimens from the Grant Mound near Jacksonville, Florida (Kelly and Cole 1931:332, 335; Griffin 1946:88). However, few if any archaeological writings of the late nineteenth or early twentieth centuries viewed the American Bottom area as one that had a major impact upon the growth of Mississippian cultures in the Southeast. Holmes (1903) hardly refers to Cahokia, but on his map places the identifying red dots of his Middle pottery in the St. Louis area. The Cahokia culture was identified by Shetrone (1930) as belonging to the Lower Mississippi area and having a northern outlier at Aztalan, Wisconsin. With the rise of ethnological theory just before and after 1900, several scenarios proposed that the much more complex cultures of Mexico had furnished the stimulus and had introduced the domesticated plants that transformed the savage tribes north of the border into scaled-down reflections of the great Mexican societies. One such view was proposed by Radin (1927) who brought Maya colonizers into the Valley, proceeding north
Hetero-oligomeric Amyloid Assembly and Mechanism: Prion Fragment PrP(106–126) Catalyzes the Islet Amyloid Polypeptide β-Hairpin (2018)

Protein aggregation is typically attributed to the association of homologous amino acid sequences between monomers of the same protein. Coaggregation of heterogeneous peptide species can occur, however, and is implicated in the proliferation of seemingly unrelated protein diseases in the body. The prion protein fragment (PrP<sub>106-126</sub>) and human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) serve as an interesting model of nonhomologous protein assembly as they coaggregate, despite a lack of sequence homology. We have applied ion-mobility mass spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, circular dichroism, and high-level molecular modeling to elucidate this important assembly process. We found that the prion fragment not only forms pervasive hetero-oligomeric aggregates with hIAPP but also promotes the transition of hIAPP into its amyloidogenic β-hairpin conformation. Further, when PrP<sub>106-126</sub> was combined with non-amyloidogenic rIAPP, the two formed nearly identical hetero-oligomers to those seen with hIAPP, despite rIAPP containing β-sheet breaking proline substitutions. Additionally, while rIAPP does not natively form the amyloidogenic β-hairpin structure, it did so in the presence of PrP<sub>106-126</sub> and underwent a conformational transition to β-sheet in solution. We also find that PrP<sub>106-126</sub> forms hetero-oligomers with the IAPP<sub>8-20</sub> fragment but not with the "aggregation hot spot" IAPP<sub>20-29</sub> fragment. PrP<sub>106-126</sub> apparently induces IAPP into a β-hairpin structure within the PrP:IAPP heterodimer complex and then, through ligand exchange, catalytically creates the amyloidogenic β-hairpin dimer of IAPP in significantly greater abundance than IAPP does on its own. This is a new mechanistic model that provides a critical foundation for the detailed study of hetero-oligomerization and prion-like proliferation in amyloid systems.
Probing local and electronic structure in Warm Dense Matter: single pulse synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy on shocked Fe (2016)

Understanding Warm Dense Matter (WDM), the state of planetary interiors, is a new frontier in scientific research. There exists very little experimental data probing WDM states at the atomic level to test current models and those performed up to now are limited in quality. Here, we report a proof-of-principle experiment that makes microscopic investigations of materials under dynamic compression easily accessible to users and with data quality close to that achievable at ambient. Using a single 100 ps synchrotron x-ray pulse, we have measured, by K-edge absorption spectroscopy, ns-lived equilibrium states of WDM Fe. Structural and electronic changes in Fe are clearly observed for the first time at such extreme conditions. The amplitude of the EXAFS oscillations persists up to 500 GPa and 17000 K, suggesting an enduring local order. Moreover, a discrepancy exists with respect to theoretical calculations in the value of the energy shift of the absorption onset and so this comparison should help to refine the approximations used in models.
Ferric citrate transport in Escherichia coli requires outer membrane receptor protein fecA (1981)

Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 AB2847 and of E. coli K-12 AN92 were isolated which were unable to grow on ferric citrate as the sole iron source. Of 22 mutants, 6 lacked an outer membrane protein, designated FecA protein, which was expressed by growing cells in the presence of 1 mM citrate. Outer membranes showed an enhanced binding of radioactive iron, supplied as a citrate complex, depending on the amount of FecA protein. The FecA protein was the most resistant of the proteins involved in ferric irion iron translocation across the outer membrane (FhuA = TonA, FepA, Cir, or 83K proteins) to the action of pronase P. It is also shown that previously isolated fec mutants (G. C. Woodrow et al., J. Bacteriol. 133:1524-1526, 1978) which are cotransducible with argF all lack the FecA protein. They were termed fecA to distinguish them from the other ferric citrate transport mutants, now designated fecB, which mapped in the same gene region at 7 min but were not cotransducible with ArgF. E. coli W83-24 and Salmonella typhimurium, which are devoid of a citrate-dependent iron transport system, lacked the FecA protein. It is proposed that the FecA protein participates in the transport of ferric citrate.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Trial of BMS-986020, a Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01766817; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Adaptive detection of generator out-of-step conditions in power systems using an artificial neural network (1996)

The application of artificial neural networks (ANN) to power systems has resulted in an overall improvement of solutions in many implementations. This paper presents a new approach for adaptive out-of-step detection of synchronous generators based on neural networks. The paper describes the ANN architecture adopted as well as the selection of the input features for training the ANN. A feedforward model of the neural network based on the stochastic backpropagation training algorithm has been used to predict the out-of-step condition. Due to power network configuration changes, the performance of the protective relays can vary. Consequently, an adaptive out-of-step prediction strategy is suggested in this paper. The capabilities of the proposed strategy have been tested through computer simulation for a typical case study. The results reveal acceptable classification performance.
Improvement of a Corona-Preionized TEA-CO<sub>2</sub> Laser by Means of High-Frequency Corona Discharge (1990)

It is reported that the input and output energy density of about 220 J/1 and 14 J/1, respectively, are obtained in a corona-preionized TEA-CO 2 laser with the superposition of the high-frequency corona discharge (HFCD) on the main discharge. There is an optimum delay time between the initiation of the HFCD current and the main discharge. Also, it is necessary for the HFCD current to have a high peak value, a short-period oscillation and a duration of more than 1 µs to increase the laser output and to suppress the glow-to-arc transition. These conditions for the HFCD current are satisfied by the reduction of both resistance and inductance in the HFCD circuit.
Determining pair interactions from structural correlations (1998)

We examine metastable configurations of a two-dimensional system of interacting particles on a quenched random potential landscape and ask how the configurational pair correlation function is related to the particle interactions and the statistical properties of the potential landscape. Understanding this relation facilitates quantitative studies of magnetic flux-line interactions in type-II superconductors, using structural information available from Lorentz microscope images or Bitter decorations. Previous work by some of us supported the conjecture that the relationship between pair correlations and interactions in pinned flux-line ensembles is analogous to the corresponding relationship in the theory of simple liquids. The present paper aims at a more thorough understanding of this relation. We report the results of numerical simulations and present a theory for the low-density behavior of the pair-correlation function, which agrees well with our simulations and captures features observed in experiments. In particular, we find that the resulting description goes beyond the conjectured classical liquid-type relation and we remark on the differences.
Effect of a shielding plane connected to ground plane of a PCB in EMI reduction (2003)

Effect of a shielding plane used for suppressing emission from a PCB is experimentally studied in this paper. The shielding plane is connected to some points of a ground plane contained in the PCB. In many cases of products, cables extend out of the shielding area and signal traces exist outside of this area. These cables and signal traces cancel the effect of shielding the devices inside of the shielding area. Moreover, in these cases, an extended shielding plane increases radiation level from the PCB.
Characterization of neutral beam source using dc cold cathode discharge and its application processes (2008)

Fast atom beam (FAB) sources using dc cold cathode discharge, comprising parallel plate electrodes and thick carbon plate cathodes with multiple beam extracting apertures, were developed to generate parallel and straight energetic neutral beams for precise etching of three-dimensional microstructures consisting of insulating materials. Conventional FAB sources and their applications are briefly reviewed, and the advantages of newly developed FAB sources and new applications are introduced. By using SF6 gas, a precise etching of quartz glass with an etch rate of 30 nm min−1, a uniformity of within 4% (P–V) in O76 mm, vertical etch profile, smooth etch surface and long-term etch rate stability over 250 min were realized. The neutralization coefficient and the beam current density were also measured using a secondary electron method and a pulse-counting method, making it possible to measure the neutralization coefficient without referring to databases for secondary electron yields. A neutralization coefficient of 98% was obtained at maximum, although, under practical etching conditions, the neutralization coefficient is less than 70%. By comparing the results of the simple model calculation with the experimental data, it was determined that the neutralization mechanism was dominated by charge transfer. The importance of neutralization in a process chamber is also discussed.
National surveillance for asthma--United States, 1980-2004. (2007)

The findings in this report suggest that from 1980 through the mid-1990s, increases in asthma prevalence played a substantial role in the increases in patient encounter measures used in asthma surveillance. Because no primary strategies for preventing asthma have been identified, efforts to control asthma exacerbations through interventions that promote adhering to proper medical regimens and reducing exposures to causes of asthma exacerbations should continue to be pursued.
Laparoscopic Access Techniques (2011)

The introduction of the first trocar, often following creation of the pneumoperitoneum is considered as crucial, and the most dangerous step of a laparoscopic procedure. Throughout the years individual methods of laparoscopic entry were described. The first person to create the pneumoperitoneum was German surgeon Georg Kelling (1866-1945). He performed this procedure on dogs. Among the methods actually used, arguably the most popular method of the closed laparoscopic entry probably was introduced in 1947 by Raol Palmer (1904-1945) French gynaecologist, who was also the inventor of an insuflator, which was adapted from a colposcopy pressure measuring device. He was followed by Kurt Semm (1927-2003) German gynaecologist, who invented also an automated electronic insuflation device. They both used in this technique the needle formerly developed in 1938 by a Hungarian, Janos Veres1 (1903-1979) which had been primarly used for the creation of a pneumothorax. The last two, but not least to mention are Harrith M. Hasson, an American who described the open access laparoscopy in 1970, arguably considered as the safer than the classic closed (blind) method, and JR Dingfelder, who developed the direct laparoscopic trocar insertion technique in 1978.
Range Migration Compensation and Doppler Ambiguity Resolution by Keystone Transform (2006)

In pulsed Doppler radar, when wideband signals are used and the target radial velocity is high, linear range migration occurs and cannot be neglected. The migration misaligns the range profiles within a coherent processing interval and degrades the coherent integration gain eventually. On the other hand, Doppler ambiguity must be resolved when the radar uses low or medium pulse repetition frequency. In the paper, Keystone transform is used for range migration compensation. Also, a parallel searching scheme of Doppler ambiguity resolution is proposed based on Keystone transform. The simulation shows the advantages of the algorithm
CCR5 antagonists: the answer to inflammatory disease? (2006)

Chemokines and their receptors mediate the inflammatory response during infectious and non-infectious disease. However, their continued activation and disregulation are commonly associated with chronic inflammation. Frequently, affected sites are characterised by inflammatory cell infiltrates expressing CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and high levels of CCR5 ligands. Neutralisation of CCR5 decreases the incidence and pathology of these diseases in murine models, and epidemiological studies in human patients corroborate these data. CCR5-deficiency has been associated with increased risk of hepatic disease and infection, but considering the pathological effects of chronic inflammation, pharmacologically targeting CCR5 is still a desirable and feasible goal. The discovery that CCR5 is a major HIV coreceptor initiated the race to produce effective CCR5 antagonists. This review summarises the progress made in CCR5 antagonist development and assesses their potential in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
Genetic Immunization of Mice Against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Using Plasmid DNA Encoding Listeriolysin O (1999)

The development of protective immunity against many intracellular bacterial pathogens commonly requires sublethal infection with viable forms of the bacteria. Such infection results in the in vivo activation of specific cell-mediated immune responses, and both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes may function in the induction of this protective immunity. In rodent models of experimental infection with Listeria monocytogenes, the expression of protective immunity can be mediated solely by the immune CD8+ T cell subset. One major target Ag of Listeria-immune CD8+ T cells is the secreted bacterial hemolysin, listeriolysin O (LLO). In an attempt to generate a subunit vaccine in this experimental disease model, eukaryotic plasmid DNA expression vectors containing genes encoding either the wild-type or modified forms of recombinant LLO were generated and used for genetic vaccination of naive mice. Results of these studies indicate that the intramuscular immunization of mice with specifically designed plasmid DNA constructs encoding recombinant forms of LLO stimulates peptide-specific CD8+ immune T cells that exhibit in vitro cytotoxic activity. More importantly, such immunization can provide protective immunity against a subsequent challenge with viable L. monocytogenes, demonstrating that this experimental approach may have direct application in prevention of acute disease caused by intracellular bacterial pathogens.
Possible Utility Functions for Predator-prey Game (2014)

A mathematical model is proposed to describe the interacting behaviour of predator and prey. This model is based on the utility functions of the competing individuals. Such functions depend on various parameters that suitably describe animal instincts, considering both physical and environmental conditions. Two possible strategies have been considered for each individual: to race or to be quiet. Our results show that the most significant joint strategies (i.e. both animals run or stay quiet) can be interpreted as solutions of Nash equilibrium of a suitably defined game.
Seismic trace matching to well logs in a weakly non‐linear earth (2005)

One of the well established techniques for matching seismic data to well logs is to calculate and apply simple matching filters. When following this approach, one minimizes the residual error between the filtered trace and a nearby reflectivity well log. This is done in the least squares sense by adjusting coefficients of the filter.
Structural and functional assessment of trabecular and cortical bone by micro magnetic resonance imaging (2007)

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disorder of bone mineral homeostasis affecting the elderly. It is a major public health issue with significant socioeconomic consequences. Recent findings suggest that bone loss-the key manifestation of the disease-is accompanied by architectural deterioration, both affecting the bone's mechanical competence and susceptibility to fracture. This article reviews the potential of quantitative micro MRI (mu-MRI), including a discussion of the technical requirements for image acquisition, processing, and analysis for assessing the architectural implications of osteoporosis and as a means to monitor the response to treatment. With current technology, the resolution achievable in clinically acceptable scan times and necessary signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is comparable to trabecular thickness. This limited spatial resolution regime demands processing and analysis algorithms designed to operate under such limiting conditions. It is shown that three different classes of structural parameters can be distinguished, characterizing scale, topology, and orientation. There is considerable evidence that osteoporotic bone loss affects all three classes but that topological changes, resulting from conversion of trabecular plates to rods, with the latter's eventual disconnection, are particularly prominent. Clinical applications discussed can be divided into those dealing with assessment of osteoporotic fracture risk as opposed to the study of the effect of disease progression and regression in response to treatment. Current data suggest that noninvasive assessment of cortical and trabecular bone (TB) architecture by mu-MRI may provide new surrogate endpoints to assess the efficacy of intervention in osteoporosis treatment and prevention.