gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation, analysis and anticholinesterase properties of O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate isomerides (1989)

Previous studies have shown that impurities in commercial organophosphorus insecticides induce a variety of toxicological manifestations. Few studies have contrasted common impurity types and their comparative chemical and biochemical properties. In this study, five O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate compounds were converted to their corresponding O,S-dimethyl phosphorothioates (isomerides) by a stepwise dealkylation-alkylation process (yields 58-76%). The O,S-isomerides and parent material were characterized by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) and phosphorus (31P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Methanol-water mixtures were found to adequately separate isomeride from parent structure with the isomeride eluting first. In general, the O,S-isomerides were found to be shifted about 40 ppm upfield relative to the O,O material. Isomerides were also determined to be significantly more potent as anticholinesterases (rat brain), with ki values approximating 1000-fold those of the parent material.
The Electrodeposition of Thin Magnetic Permalloy Films (1967)

The work of Wolf has shown that electrodeposited magnetic films, above a thickness range of a few hundred Angstroms, could be obtained on flat metallized glass substrates, with properties adequate for computer memories. New problems arise when one tries to prepare very thin films (&lt;300Å) or to deposit on flat or cylindrical metal substrates. The preparation of very thin films is interesting for studies such as creep, or to insure that thicker films do not present unwanted composition gradients or stresses. The influence of the nature of the plating bath on the amplitude and extension of the composition gradients and on the stresses, and consequently, on the magnetic properties (Hc, HkΔ) are examined. The deposition on metallic substrates has an obvious interest when using ground planes or wires. In this case the crystalline structure of the substrate has as much importance as its chemical activity, and we will show the usefulness of an intermediate layer of controlled grain size and isotropy. The results of these studies are related to the aging behaviour of plated films.
Assignment of the gene for Wilson disease to chromosome 13: linkage to the esterase D locus. (1985)

Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of copper metabolism for which the basic defect is still unknown. Twenty-seven autosomal markers were investigated for linkage in a large inbred kindred with affected individuals in two generations. Also, serum copper and ceruloplasmin were measured on all available members. Close linkage (theta = 0.06) with a logarithm of odds (lod) score of 3.21 was found between the gene for WD and the esterase D locus. Efficient detection of linkage was made possible by the use of a multisibship inbred pedigree. The discovery of a polymorphic marker genetically linked to the WD locus has profound implications both for investigation of the primary gene defect and for clinical services.
On corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloy AZ31 in simulated body fluids and influence of ionic liquid pretreatments (2012)

This paper reports on the corrosion of Mg alloy AZ31 in simulated body fluid (SBF) using static immersion tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A preliminary study on the effect of flowing SBF on the corrosion behaviour of AZ31 has also been carried out. Low toxicity ionic liquids (ILs) trimethyl(butyl)phosphonium diphenyl phosphate P1444DPP and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis-2,4,4trimethylpentyl-phosphinate [P66614][i(C8)2PO2] have been used to provide corrosion protection for AZ31 in SBF. Time dependent immersion tests indicate that under static conditions, AZ31 suffers severe localised corrosion in SBF, with pits developing predominantly beside the Al–Mn intermetallic phase in the α matrix. At longer immersion times, the corrosion product eventually precipitates and covers the entire specimen surface. When exposed to SBF under flowing conditions with a shear stress of 0·88 Pa, more uniform corrosion was observed. The optical profilometry results and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis suggest that both P1444DPP and [P66614][i(C8)2PO2] pretreatments can increase the corrosion resistance of AZ31 in SBF, in particular by decreasing the number of deeper pits found on the alloy surface. Cytotoxic test shows that the presence of the ILs P1444DPP and [P66614][i(C8)2PO2] in cell culture media slightly inhibits the growth of human coronary artery endothelial cells in comparison with the good cell viability around the treated specimen. A pretreatment with IL is used in order to improve the corrosion resistance of this alloy in SBF.
Search of Fusion Reactions During the Cavitation of a Single Bubble in Deuterated Liquids (2005)

Recently Taleyarkhan et al. presented evidence of the deuterium-deuterium (DD) fusion reactions in a multibubble sonoluminescent (MBSL) system. In this article, the results of the search of evidence of DD reactions in a single cavitation bubble luminescent (SCBL) system are presented. A single bubble is produced using a Nd:YAG laser in CDCl3 and D2O media varying the liquid temperature between -50°C to 22°C. A special low neutron flux detection system was developed in order to minimize false signals due to background noise. No neutrons attributable to DD fusion reactions were detected.
Rat C6 Glial Cells Synthesize Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) and Express IGF-I Receptors and IGF-II/ Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptors* (1989)

We have used the rat C6 glial cell line as a model system to study the role of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in neuroglial cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Northern blot analysis of C6 RNA demonstrated the presence of IGF-I mRNA and undetectable IGF-II mRNA. IGF-I and IGF-binding protein(s), but not IGF-II, were detected in C6 glial cell-conditioned medium. The level of IGF-I was 1-4 ng/ml in conditioned medium based on a human IGF-I standard. The immunoreactive IGF-I inhibited [125I]IGF-I binding to the IGF-I receptor on chick embryo fibroblasts and stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into chick embryo fibroblast DNA. Competitive binding and affinity cross-linking experiments using [125]IGF-I and [125I]IGF-II demonstrated the presence of IGF-I receptors (type I) and IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptors (type II) on C6 glial cell membranes. An immunoglobulin (no. 3637) directed against the rat IGF-II receptor blocked the degradation of [125I]IGF-II added to C6 glial cells, presumably by blocking receptor-mediated internalization. We were unable to demonstrate an autocrine role for IGF in the C6 glial cell line, since [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was stimulated equally well by IGF-I-deficient rat serum and normal serum, and added IGF did not stimulate [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA when tested alone or when added to IGF-I-deficient serum. We propose that neuroglial cell-derived IGF-I may serve as a paracrine growth stimulus in the central nervous system.
Fractional and structural characterization of ball-milled and enzyme lignins from wheat straw (1998)

Ball-milled and enzyme lignins were extracted with 90 and 50% dioxane–water from 6 days ball-milled wheat straw, and subsequently cellulase-treated straw residues, respectively. The crude lignin preparations were purified using a two-step precipitation method instead of the traditional ether precipitation procedure, and fractionated into pure milled lignin (PML), pure enzyme lignin (PEL), hemicellulose-rich milled lignin (HRML), lignin-rich enzyme lignin (LREL), and solubilized lignin during enzyme treatment (SLET) fractions. The five lignin fraction were studied using spectroscopic and degradative tecyhniques. The PML and PEL fractions showed very low content of associated polysaccharides (2.36–2.86%). The PML is mainly composed of β-O-4 ether bonds in the lignin structural units. The less common β-5 and β-β carbon–carbon linkages are also present. The results obtained also indicated that the lignins in wheat straw cell walls appeared to be very closely associated to p-coumaric and ferulic acid, and glucuronic acid or 4-O-methylglucuronic acid. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1633–1641, 1998
Synthesis of .DELTA.8-tetrahydrocannabinol glucuronide and sulfate, and their metabolic disposition in rats. (1979)

Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) glucuronide and Δ8-THC sulfate were chemically synthesized as part of a study of the metabolic conjugation of Δ8-THC. Acidic and enzymatic hydrolyses of these conjugates were examined. Contrary to expectation, Δ8-THC glucuronide was resistant to both acidic and enzymatic hydrolyses. On the other hand, Δ8-THC sulfate was readily hydrolyzed by acid, but not at all by arylsulfatase. In addition, this sulfate ester uncompetitively inhibited the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylsulfate by arylsulfatase. The biliary and urinary excretions of these conjugates were also studied. The Δ8-THC recovered after acid hydrolysis of the 24 hr bile of rats into which Δ8-THC glucuronide or sulfate had been administered accounted for about 43% and 10% of the dose, respectively. The glucuronide and sulfate of Δ8-THC both lacked the cataleptogenic effect of the parent compound. Δ8-THC sulfate exhibited a rather high acute toxicity (LD50 71 mg/kg i.v.), but the glucuronide caused no mortality up to a dose of 50 mg/kg i.v. in the mouse.
Uterine fibroid management: from the present to the future (2016)

Uterine fibroids (also known as leiomyomas or myomas) are the most common form of benign uterine tumors. Clinical presentations include abnormal bleeding, pelvic masses, pelvic pain, infertility, bulk symptoms and obstetric complications.Almost a third of women with leiomyomas will request treatment due to symptoms. Current management strategies mainly involve surgical interventions, but the choice of treatment is guided by patient's age and desire to preserve fertility or avoid 'radical' surgery such as hysterectomy. The management of uterine fibroids also depends on the number, size and location of the fibroids. Other surgical and non-surgical approaches include myomectomy by hysteroscopy, myomectomy by laparotomy or laparoscopy, uterine artery embolization and interventions performed under radiologic or ultrasound guidance to induce thermal ablation of the uterine fibroids.There are only a few randomized trials comparing various therapies for fibroids. Further investigations are required as there is a lack of concrete evidence of effectiveness and areas of uncertainty surrounding correct management according to symptoms. The economic impact of uterine fibroid management is significant and it is imperative that new treatments be developed to provide alternatives to surgical intervention.There is growing evidence of the crucial role of progesterone pathways in the pathophysiology of uterine fibroids due to the use of selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) such as ulipristal acetate (UPA). The efficacy of long-term intermittent use of UPA was recently demonstrated by randomized controlled studies.The need for alternatives to surgical intervention is very real, especially for women seeking to preserve their fertility. These options now exist, with SPRMs which are proven to treat fibroid symptoms effectively. Gynecologists now have new tools in their armamentarium, opening up novel strategies for the management of uterine fibroids.
40-Gb/s demultiplexing using an ultrafast nonlinear interferometer (UNI) (1996)

We demonstrate a 40-Gb/s demultiplexer using an ultrafast nonlinear interferometer (UNI). Bit-error-rate (BER) measurements are performed yielding incurred power penalties less than 3.3 dB for BER of 10/sup -9/.
Fuzzy STATCOM Control Strategies for Power System Stabilization (2006)

Fuzzy logic control of static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) to improve the damping of a power system is presented. The development of the fuzzy strategy starts through a simple single machine power system and then extended to a multi-machine system. The damping characteristics of the multimachine power system were also investigated with multiple STATCOMs in the system. Only variables local to each STATCOM were used as the input to the controllers. The proposed fuzzy strategy was found to damp the transients of the single machine as well as multi-machine systems effectively for wide ranges of operation.
One cell, one antibody: prelude and aftermath (2002)

This essay seeks to summarize one scientist's pilgrim's progress through the world of antibody formation, attempting to capture the flavor of problems as encountered within their times. It seeks to portray a world where the direct template hypothesis ruled the day, where the function of lymphocytes was unknown, let alone the difference between T and B cells, and where antibody genes were but a dream. Struggles to establish the credentials of the clonal selection hypothesis are presented in some detail, as are the implications which followed the 'one cell - one antibody' discovery. The other two main preoccupations of the author are presented more briefly, namely the essential features of the germinal center and the cellular basis of immunological tolerance within the B lymphocyte compartment. Naturally, the experiments become more sophisticated as both knowledge and technology mature. A continuing thread within the unfolding story is that one must not shy away from developing new techniques when problems demand them.
Interactive Augmentation of Voice Quality and Reduction of Breath Airflow in the Soprano Voice (2015)

In 1985, at a conference sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, Martin Rothenberg first described a form of nonlinear source-tract acoustic interaction mechanism by which some sopranos, singing in their high range, can use to reduce the total airflow, to allow holding the note longer, and simultaneously enrich the quality of the voice, without straining the voice. (M. Rothenberg, "Source-Tract Acoustic Interaction in the Soprano Voice and Implications for Vocal Efficiency," Fourth International Conference on Vocal Fold Physiology, New Haven, Connecticut, June 3-6, 1985.) In this paper, we describe additional evidence for this type of nonlinear source-tract interaction in some soprano singing and describe an analogous interaction phenomenon in communication engineering. We also present some implications for voice research and pedagogy.
Long‐Distance Electronic Energy Transfer in Light‐Harvesting Supramolecular Polymers (2014)

The efficient collection of solar energy relies on the design and construction of well-organized light-harvesting systems. Herein we report that supramolecular phenanthrene polymers doped with pyrene are effective collectors of light energy. The linear polymers are formed through the assembly of short amphiphilic oligomers in water. Absorption of light by phenanthrene residues is followed by electronic energy transfer along the polymer over long distances (>100 nm) to the accepting pyrene molecules. The high efficiency of the energy transfer, which is documented by large fluorescence quantum yields, suggests a quantum coherent process.
Streamline Tracing: Technique for Designing Hypersonic Vehicles (2000)

The methodology for creating a large family of designs of streamline traced planar and axisymmetric inlets for hypersonic airbreathing engines is presented. The subject is introduced by a discussion of streamline tracing of Busemann inlet e owe elds, which was the procedure that was used to design the Supersonic Combustion Ramjet Missile (SCRAM)engine. A brief synopsis of test results of SCRAM is presented to demonstrate the efe cacy of the streamline tracing technique.Thegeneralized model coversthecompleterangeofe owe eldsfrom outward-turning isentropic spikes to inward turning inlets. The radial deviation parameter is introduced as the variable to describe the members of the design family. A variety of inlet shapes and vehicle cone gurations are shown to demonstrate the design procedure. Arguments are made to support the viability of engine designs based of streamline traces of inward-turning e owe elds.
Acetaldehyde Production and Other ADH‐Related Characteristics of Aerobic Bacteria Isolated From Hypochlorhydric Human Stomach (2001)

This study demonstrated that certain bacterial species or groups that originate from the oral cavity are responsible for the bulk of acetaldehyde production in the hypochlorhydric stomach. These findings provide new information with the respect to the local production of carcinogenic acetaldehyde in the upper digestive tract of achlorhydric human subjects.
Rapid Susceptibility Testing and Microcolony Analysis of Candida spp. Cultured and Imaged on Porous Aluminum Oxide (2012)

Overall, the results showed good agreement with EUCAST (86.5% agreement; n = 170) and E-test (85.9% agreement; n = 170). The closest agreement to standard tests was found when testing susceptibility to amphotericin B and echinocandins (88.2 to 91.2%) and the least good for the triazoles (79.4 to 82.4%). Furthermore, large datasets on population variation could be rapidly obtained. An analysis of microcolonies revealed subtle effects of antimycotics on resistant strains and below the MIC of sensitive strains, particularly an increase in population heterogeneity and cell density-dependent effects of triazoles. Additionally, the method could be adapted to strain identification via germ tube extension. We suggest PAO culture is a rapid and versatile method that may be usefully adapted to clinical mycology and has research applications.
Alternative laser system for cesium magneto-optical trap via optical injection locking to sideband of a 9-GHz current-modulated diode laser (2012)

By optical injection of an 852-nm extended-cavity diode laser (master laser) to lock the + 1-order sideband of a ~9-GHz-current-modulated diode laser (slave laser), we generate a pair of phase-locked lasers with a frequency difference up to ~9-GHz for a cesium (Cs) magneto-optical trap (MOT) with convenient tuning capability. For a cesium MOT, the master laser acts as repumping laser, locked to the Cs 6S₁/₂ (F = 3) - 6P₃/₂ (F' = 4) transition. When the + 1-order sideband of the 8.9536-GHz-current-modulated slave laser is optically injection-locked, the carrier operates on the Cs 6S₁/₂ (F = 4) - 6P₃/₂ (F' = 5) cooling cycle transition with -12 MHz detuning and acts as cooling/trapping laser. When carrying a 9.1926-GHz modulation signal, this phase-locked laser system can be applied in the fields of coherent population trapping and coherent manipulation of Cs atomic ground states.
Lagrange multiplier approach for evaluation of friction in explicit finite‐element analysis (1994)

Abstract An algorithm for evaluation of friction in general contact‐impact interfaces is described. The algorithm is based on an explicit finite‐element method. Coulomb's friction law is assumed. The defence node algorithm is used such that the sticking condition can be imposed with the Lagrange multiplier method even in explicit dynamic analysis. The algorithm is supposed to be applicable in general situations, including large deformations of the contact‐impact bodies and large relative sliding between the contact‐impact boundaries. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
A STABLE ON‐LINE SELF‐TUNING OPTIMAL PID CONTROLLER FOR A CLASS OF UNKNOWN SYSTEMS (2007)

ABSTRACT In this paper, a novel self‐tuning method of optimal PID control laws is proposed for both continuous‐time systems and discrete‐time systems. The controlled plant is assumed to be unknown except the system order (or system delay) and the direction of transmitting control input. Through the minimization of PID gains subject to the Lyapunov stability based reaching condition, the tuning of the three PID control gains is transformed to solve the inequality constraint optimization problem. An unknown SISO nonlinear system subject to a unit step input, and the tracking control problem of the piezoelectric actuator (PZA) with unknown dynamics are simulated. The simulation results show that the excellent tracking performance can be achieved.
In vitro susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbenicillin, glycine, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid combinations (1980)

Striking bacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9D-2 was achieved by glycine-carbenicillin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-carbenicillin, and glycine-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid combinations, whereas none of the agents used alone was capable of the same degree of bactericidal activity. Studies using a microtiter modification of the checkerboard technique were performed to evaluate the comparative activity of these antimicrobial combinations. Isobolograms showed synergistic effects with carbenicillin-glycine, carbenicillin-ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid, and glycine-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid combinations. Bacterial growth inhibitory curves with subinhibitory concentrations of these agents in combination confirmed these findings.
An Ethical Dilemma: The Dishonest Doctor (1995)

The process of solving an ethical dilemma is presented through use of a case study involving a dishonest doctor and a cancer patient. The described decision making process contributes to compliance with the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization standard regarding ethics and patient care. Curtin's ethical decision-making framework is employed in this described process. Ethical principles and philosophies are considered in attempting to find the best ethical solution for the dilemma detailed in the case study. Source material is from personal experience and observation as well as published literature. In addition to being a JCAHO standard, the author concludes that a decision-making framework is useful in solving ethical dilemmas.
Hierarchical Matching of Deformable Shapes (2007)

We describe a new hierarchical representation for two-dimensional objects that captures shape information at multiple levels of resolution. This representation is based on a hierarchical description of an object's boundary and can be used in an elastic matching framework, both for comparing pairs of objects and for detecting objects in cluttered images. In contrast to classical elastic models, our representation explicitly captures global shape information. This leads to richer geometric models and more accurate recognition results. Our experiments demonstrate classification results that are significantly better than the current state-of-the-art in several shape datasets. We also show initial experiments in matching shapes to cluttered images.
La expedición del certificado de eficiencia energética para los inmuebles según el Real Decreto 235/2013, de 5 de abril y la Ley 8/2013 (2014)

La reciente aprobacion del Real Decreto 235 2013 de 5 de abril obliga a la elaboracion de un certificado de eficiencia energetica no solo para los nuevos edificios (obligatorio desde 2007 en cumplimiento de una Directiva Europea) sino tambien para edificios existentes, caso de viviendas o locales que se transmitan o alquilen. El articulo explica cual es el origen de esta normativa, las pretensiones de este procedimiento, su metodologia y el significado del resultado obtenido para una verdadera comprension de la calificacion energetica. Un primer paso para alcanzar los objetivos de sostenibilidad exigidos por la UE.