gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Strategies to Derivatizable Triphenylamines Displaying High Two-Photon Absorption (2008)

A versatile synthetic strategy to access a set of highly fluorescent pi-conjugated triphenylamines bearing a functional linker at various positions on one phenyl ring is described. These compounds were designed for large two-photon absorption (2PA) and in particular for labeling of biomolecules. The monoderivatized trisformylated or trisiodinated intermediates described herein allow introduction of a large variety of electron-withdrawing groups required for large 2PA as well as a panel of chemical functions suitable for coupling to biomolecules. The monoderivatized three-branched compounds and in particular the benzothiazole (TP-3Bz) series show remarkable linear (high extinction coefficients and high quantum yield) and nonlinear (high 2-photon cross sections) optical properties. Interestingly the presence of functional side chains does not disturb the two-photon absorption. Finally, monoderivatized two-branched derivatives also appear to be valuable candidates. Altogether the good optical properties of the new derivatizable pi-conjugated TPA combined with their small size and their compatibility with bioconjugation protocols suggest that they represent a new chemical class of labels potentially applicable for the tracking of biomolecules using two-photon scanning microscopy.
Release of LHRH-activity from human fetal membranes upon exposure to PGE/sub 2/, oxytocin and isoproterenol (1986)

The authors have previously reported that superfused chorion laeve (fetal membranes) release LHRH-like immunoreactivity upon exposure to angiotensin II. They have now studied the effects of other agonists on the release of LHRH-activity and something of its chemical nature. Fetal membranes were obtained from placentas delivered by cesarean section, the amnion stripped from the chorion, and the chorion superfused in an Amicon thin-channel device with the maternal surface facing up. The whole device was submerged in a 37 C water bath and perfused with a modified Locke's solution at 0.4 - 1.0 ml/min. LHRH-activity was measured by radioimmunoassay using three different antisera against LHRH. The release of LHRH-activity was stimulated by 6-10 min exposure to PGE/sub 2/, oxytocin, and isoproterenol. Extracts of chorion were studied using gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and ultrafiltration with Amicon PM-10 filters. The bulk of the LHRH-activity appeared as a higher molecular weight form (about 70,000 daltons). Since oxytocin has been reported to release PGE/sub 2/ from chorion, it may release LHRH-activity by virtue of liberating endogenous PGE/sub 2/. The chemical nature of the LHRH-activity is presently under investigation.
Kinetics of Peptide Uptake and Tissue Distribution Following a Single Intranasal Dose of Peptide (2000)

We have previously used intranasal (i.n.) peptide application to induce mucosal tolerance in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This strategy, however, appeared to give rise to similar phenomena of tolerance observed as a result of systemic administration of soluble antigenic peptide. We were interested, therefore, in the uptake and tissue distribution of peptide following i.n. treatment. In the H-2u mouse model of EAE, the highly tolerogenic peptide analogue Ac1-9[4Y] of myelin basic protein (MBP) displays high affinity binding to Au MHC class II. For the purpose of the present study this peptide was synthesised to contain a tritiated acetyl group and a protocol was developed to recover radioactivity in solubilised tissues taken at various times after [3H]Ac1-9[4Y] i.n.. Radiolabel loads of the lung and gastro-intestinal tract were initially high but declined rapidly. Radiolabel uptake by blood and lymphoid tissues followed similar kinetics with peak levels around 2.5-4 hours after i.n. administration. Concentrations were high in the draining cervical lymph nodes (CLN) but also reached significant levels in the spleen and 'nondraining' inguinal lymph nodes. The presence of intact antigenic peptide was demonstrated in spleens and CLN from Ac1-9[4Y] i.n. treated mice. Cell suspensions prepared from these tissues at selected time points after peptide i.n. were able to stimulate peptide-specific T cell lines up to at least one day after peptide i.n., suggesting long lasting formation of stable Au-Ac1-9[4Y] complexes in vivo.
Topical oxygen therapy treatment of extensive leg and foot ulcers (1985)

The authors present a study of 15 patients with extensive leg ulcers of at least a grade Ill out of five grades, who were treated with topical oxygen treatment. A 73.3% healing rate was obtained. Three patients required further amputation and one patient eventually died. Failures to heal were associated with severe ischemic diseases and tissue hypoxia. Management of severe wound infections of the limbs required multidisciplinary treatment, which included the use of high-pressure oxygen treatment.
Repeated wavelength conversion of 10 Gbit/s signal using wavelength-tunable semiconductor lasers (1995)

Repeated wavelength conversion of 10 Gbit/s pseudorandom non-return-to-zero signals is demonstrated using superstructure grating distributed Bragg reflector lasers operating in the 1.55-μm wavelength region. Error-free and very low-power-penalty wavelength conversion can be achieved in both first and second wavelength conversion for a fixed converted wavelength over a broad wavelength range from 1.486 to 1.573 μm (about 90-nm wide). The power penalty of the transmitted signal light through the first wavelength conversion device increases when the converted wavelength is switched from 1.544 to 1.573 μm periodically at a repetition frequency of 40 MHz. The increase in power penalty, however, is less than 6 dB even when the bit error rate is 10/sup -12/.
The Island-Gate Varactor—A High-Q MOS Varactor for Millimeter-Wave Applications (2009)

A new accumulation MOS varactor with island-shaped poly gate layout is proposed to improve the quality factor ( Q-factor) at high frequency, which can be readily employed for CMOS-based millimeter-wave applications. Measured results up to 67 GHz show significant improvements in the Q-factor and the series resistance R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> over the conventional multi-finger MOS varactors with the same ground rule and gate area. The proposed island-gate MOS varactor is expected to improve the overall Q-factor of the LC tank of millimeter-wave oscillators.
Three-dimensional blind deconvolution of ultrasound images (2001)

Three-dimensional ultrasound images are blurred by the ultrasound pulse through the convolution between the 3-D tissue signal and the 3-D pulse. The blurring reduces the spatial resolution of the 3-D ultrasound images and, consequently, their diagnostic value. This paper presents a method for 3-D blind homomorphic deconvolution of medical 3-D ultrasound images to improve their spatial resolution. The blind estimate of the 3-D pulse is necessary because the pulse changes in spatial extent and frequency composition as it passes through the tissues and because the pulse is not separable in its spatial dimensions. The method was tested on a 3-D image of a phantom with anechoic spheres of known size in a uniform diffuse scattering matrix. The spheres were clearly better defined and had volumes much closer to the true volume in the deconvolved image than in the original image.
Ovary maturatıon stages and histological investigation of ovary of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) (2008)

Microscopic ovary features of Zebrafish were analyzed. Samples were fixed in Bouin’s solution, mounted in parafin and cut into 6-7 µm-thick slices which were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), methylene blue and using Periodic-acid Schiff method (PAS). The thin sections in ultramicrotome with the thickness of approximately 0,5 - 0,7 µm were examined by using Jeol electron microscope following contrasting with Uranyl Acetate-Lead Citrate. The zebrafish was an extremely dynamic organ in which follicles underwent asynchronous development. The oocytes of Zebrafish ovary were observed in various phases. The oocyte development of zebrafish was divided into four stages (primary growth, cortical alveolus, vitellogenic and mature oocyte). Oocyte diameters were observed to vary between 0.,08 mm and 0.76 mm.
Application of novel molecular alignment method using Hopfield Neural Network to 3D-QSAR (2002)

CoMFA法をはじめとする多くの3D-QSAR手法では、モデリングの前処理として分子構造の重ね合わせが必要である。適切な重ね合わせを行うことは、解析を成功させるための重要な因子であるため種々の重ね合わせ手法が提案されている。著者らもHopfield Neural Networkを用いた新しい分子重ね合わせ手法を提案している [M. Arakawa, K. Hasegawa, K. Funatsu, Journal of Computer Aided Chemistry, 2, 29-36 (2001)]。本論文ではこの手法の応用例として、骨格の異なる3つの化合物シリーズからなるCyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)阻害剤の3D-QSAR解析の結果を示す。COX-2阻害剤54化合物について、HNNを用いた重ね合わせを行った後、CoMFAによるモデリングを行った結果、R²=0.922、Q²=0.653の良好なPLSモデルが得られた。回帰係数の等高線図についての考察およびX線結晶構造との比較検討を行いこのモデルが妥当であるとの結論を得た。
Production of Viral mRNA in Adenovirus-Transformed Cells by the Post-Transcriptional Processing of Heterogeneous Nuclear RNA Containing Viral and Cell Sequences (1973)

Adenovirus 2-transformed cells contain virus-specific sequences which are covalently linked to cell-specific RNA sequences in heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HnRNA) molecules larger than 45S. Virus sequences are identified by hybridization to viral DNA, and the cell sequences are detected by hybridization to cellular DNA under conditions where hybridization only occurs to reiterated sites in cell DNA. Such large composite viral-cell HnRNA molecules presumably arise through the uninterrupted transcription of host sequences and integrated viral DNA. Adenovirus-specific polysomal RNA from these cells sediments as three discrete species at 16, 20, and 26S. These specific classes of viral mRNA do not contain rapidly hybridizing host-specific RNA sequences. Both virus-specific HnRNA and mRNA contain polyadenylic acid sequences since they bind to polyU columns at levels characteristics of other polyA-terminated HnRNA and mRNA. Thus, the discrete species of virus-specific mRNA in adenovirus 2 transformed cells appear to be derived from high-molecular-weight virus-specific HnRNA through a series of post-transcriptional modifications involving polyA addition. Subsequently the HnRNA is cleaved so that the cell-specific RNA sequences that originate from the reiterated sites in cell DNA do not accompany the adenovirus mRNA to the cytoplasm. These events for the adenovirus-specific mRNA appear, therefore, to be similar to the stages in the biogenesis of the majority of mRNA in eukaryotic cells.
Protamine enhances the efficiency of liposome-mediated gene transfer in a cultured human hepatoma cell line. (1999)

Protamine, used clinically as an antidote for heparin, is a small protein with high arginine content and is potent in folding DNA. Protamine and DNA can form a compact structure, protecting DNA from digestion by intracellular enzymes. Protamine may, therefore, enhance the efficiency of gene transfer. In this study, we tested the ability of protamine to improve liposome-mediated gene transfer efficiency in a human hepatoma cell line. The results of a preliminary gel retardation assay indicated that 10 micrograms was the minimal amount of protamine sulfate needed to completely bind 5 micrograms of a plasmid containing a reporter gene, green fluorescent protein (GFP). For transfection assays, protamine (0, 10, 50, 100, and 500 micrograms) was added to a DNA-liposome mixture (5 micrograms DNA and 20 micrograms of a mixed formulation of 2,3-dioleyloxy-N-[2(sperminecarboxamido)ethyl]-N, N-dimethyl-1-propanaminium trifluoroacetate and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine) to transfect cultured Huh7 cells. Transfected cells (those expressing GFP) were counted by using flow cytometry. The expression index (EI) was calculated as the transfection efficiency (% of transfected cells) with protamine divided by the transfection efficiency with DNA and liposome only. Our results show that protamine sulfate (in a range of 10-100, 10 micrograms being most efficient) addition to the liposome-DNA mixture significantly increases the EI, and transfection efficiency of GFP in Huh7 cells.
Photochemical transformations. Part XXXI. Photolysis of thiobenzoic acid O-esters. Part II. General methods for the preparation of thiobenzoic acid O-esters (1973)

Treatment of alkoxides with (thiobenzoylthio)acetic acid gives thiobenzoic acid O-esters in high yield. Similarly, the reaction of alkoxides with 2,4-dinitrophenyl dithiobenzoate (IX) gives the corresponding thiobenzoic acid O-ester. Imidate salts react with hydrogen sulphide in pyridine to give thioacid O-esters in good yields.
Generation of cDNA Libraries (2003)

Since its invention and subsequent development nearly 20 years ago, po- merase chain reaction (PCR) has been extensively utilized to identify numerous gene probes in vitro and in vivo. However, attemp
Cape Wrath: a New Kemerovo Group Orbivirus from Ixodes Uriae (Agari: Ixodidae) in Scotland1 (1976)

Cape Wrath virus is a new member of the Kemerovo serogroup of orbiviruses, isolated from an engorged female Ixodes uriae collected from a Common Murre (Una aalge) colony in northern Scotland during June 1973. This agent cross-reacts by complement-fixation, but not by neutralization, with other viruses of the Kemerovo-Tribec complex that have been recovered from I. uriae in other parts of the world. Cape Wrath virus is sensitive to acidic pH (3.0), partially sensitive to sodium deoxycholate, and relatively resistant to ether and chloroform. The virus kills suckling, but not weanling, mice by intracerebral and intraperitoneal inoculation. No evidence of infection was detected in baby chicks inoculated intracerebrally or subcutaneously. Virus did not multiply in Aedes aegypti, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, or Anopheles quadrimaculatus following intrathoracic inoculation. Little, if any, specific neutralizing antibody against Cape Wrath virus was detected in sera from Fratercula arctica, Oceanodroma leucorhoa, Larus argentatus, and Larus marinus collected in Newfoundland, Canada.
Digital inpainting based on the Mumford–Shah–Euler image model (2002)

Image inpainting is an image restoration problem, in which image models play a critical role, as demonstrated by Chan, Kang & Shen's [12] recent inpainting schemes based on the bounded variation and the elastica [11] image models. In this paper, we propose two novel inpainting models based on the Mumford–Shah image model [41], and its high order correction – the Mumford–Shah–Euler image model. We also present their efficient numerical realization based on the Γ-convergence approximations of Ambrosio & Tortorelli [2, 3] and De Giorgi [21].
A Meta-RaPS algorithm for spatial scheduling with release times (2011)

Spatial scheduling involves jobs that require processing space as well as time. Space is a limited resource, and solutions require assigning a location to each job within the available processing space in addition to a start time. We consider problems where each job has a release time and multiple processing areas are used in parallel. We develop an algorithm for minimising total tardiness based on Metaheuristic for Randomised Priority Search (MetaRaPS), a metaheuristic that has been very effective on many scheduling and combinatorial optimisation problems. Our algorithm performs effectively on a large variety of benchmark problems.
Revealing of defects in InP by shallow (submicron) photoetching (1985)

Indium phosphide samples (n and p type) have been photoetched in solutions consisting of CrO3-HF-H2O, i. e., in diluted Sirtl or Sirtl-like mixtures under laser or white light illumination. The method proved to be very sensitive for the delineation of defects and inhomogeneities in substrates and epitaxial layers. In n-type InP an etch depth of 0.05–0.3 μm is sufficient to reveal dislocations, growth striations, precipitates, and linear defects or to delineate epijunctions in cross sections. In p-type material, removal of 0.5–1 μm is required to obtain a clear picture of the defects. In contrast to n-type material the results for p-type InP are similar with and without illumination. The method has been calibrated with Huber etch.
Low Complexity Stopping Criterion for LDPC Code Decoders (2005)

Low density parity check (LDPC) codes are amongst the most powerful codes known today. They are decoded iteratively by a message-passing algorithm. For this, an inherent stopping criterion exists for decodable blocks based on parity checks. For undecodable blocks, typically, a fixed number of iterations are carried out before the decoding procedure is terminated, which is a waste of energy and time. We present a stopping criterion which detects undecodable blocks in an early stage of the decoding process. The novel stopping criterion works for floating and fixed point implementations. It greatly reduces the average number of required iterations without any loss in communication performance.
Alterations in the antigenic structure of two major HSV-1 glycoproteins, gC and gB, influence immune regulation and susceptibility to murine herpes keratitis. (1989)

We previously demonstrated that anterior chamber (AC) injection of HSV-1 before or simultaneous with topical corneal HSV-1 infection resulted in cellular immune tolerance of HSV-1 Ag and a reduced frequency of corneal stromal lesions. In the present study, we have investigated the role of the HSV-1 cell-surface glycoproteins gC and gB in the induction of tolerance, and the resulting reduced susceptibility to HSV-1 corneal stromal disease. These studies utilized mutant strains of HSV-1 with deletion or point mutations in the gene coding for gC or gB. Groups of mice received topical corneal infections with wild-type HSV-1, followed by AC injection of the same eye with wild-type HSV-1 or a mutant strain. Varying the antigenic composition of the virus injected into the AC resulted in three distinct patterns of immune responsiveness. In agreement with our previous findings, AC injection of wild-type HSV-1 induced a state of HSV-1 specific tolerance that extended to both the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and CTL responses. A mutant strain lacking gC (gC-) induced partial tolerance characterized by undetectable CTL activity but a normal DTH response. A mutant strain lacking gB (gB-) caused partial suppression of the CTL response and no reduction of the DTH response. Thus, whereas gB may be involved in CTL tolerance induction in this model, gC clearly is not involved. In contrast, both gC and gB must be present in the AC to induce detectable DTH tolerance. The latter interpretation was strengthened by the observation that AC injection of a mixture of gC- (expressing normal gB) and gB- (expressing normal gC) effectively suppressed the DTH response to wild-type HSV-1. A panel of mar mutants with individual point mutations affecting gC and gB was used to identify the epitopes responsible for induction of DTH tolerance. Two of the gC mutants failed to induce DTH tolerance to wild-type HSV-1 when injected into the AC, suggesting that the sites on the gC molecule that are altered by these mutations are important for the induction of DTH tolerance. Similarly, one of the mar mutants for gB uniformly failed to suppress the DTH response, while another had a variable effect. The unique pattern of cellular immune reactivity exhibited by the mice receiving simultaneous topical corneal infection with wild-type HSV-1 and AC injection of gC- (no CTL but normal DTH) was associated with significantly reduced susceptibility to HSV-1 corneal stromal lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Reprogramming of intestinal differentiation and intercalary regeneration in<i>Cdx</i><i>2</i>mutant mice (1999)

The homeobox gene Cdx2, a homologue of the Drosophila gene caudal, has been implicated in the control of cell differentiation in the intestinal epithelium. Recently, we showed that mice in which one allele of the Cdx2 gene had been inactivated by homologous recombination developed multiple intestinal polyp-like lesions that did not express Cdx2 and that contained areas of squamous metaplasia in the form of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium, similar to that occurring in the mouse esophagus and forestomach. We have now examined colonic lesions from 98 Cdx2+/- mice and report that the lesions are composed of heterotopic stomach and small intestinal mucosa. We conclude that Cdx2 directs endodermal differentiation toward a caudal phenotype and that haploinsufficient levels of expression in the developing distal intestine lead to homeotic transformation to a more rostral endodermal phenotype, such as forestomach epithelium that does not express Cdx2 during normal development. Intercalary growth (epimorphic regeneration), which previously has never been described in mammals, then occurs, resulting in the ordered "filling in" of tissue types at the discontinuity between the gastric and colonic epithelia. This intercalary growth in a restricted space results in the formation of the polypoid lesions observed.
Electrical and optical characterization of CdTe solar cells with CdS and CdSe buffers—A comparative study (2018)

A study is reported comparing the electrical and optical properties of CdTe solar cells, prepared using CdS and CdSe buffer layers, to investigate defects in the bulk and interface, carrier transport, and recombination. Temperature dependent capacitance–voltage measurement and admittance spectroscopy were used to extract carrier concentration, resistivity, charge carrier mobility, and their temperature dependence. The authors identify the presence of two defect signatures corresponding to carrier freeze-out and the formation of a Schottky back-contact barrier. The back-contact barrier height (≈300 meV) extracted from the temperature dependent current density–voltage (JVT) experiment was confirmed by conventional admittance spectroscopy. The activation energies of mobility (resistivity) are 101.2 ± 2.5 meV (92.6 ± 2.3 meV) and 84.7 ± 2.7 meV (77.6 ± 4.5 meV) for CdS and CdSe buffer layers, respectively. Intensity dependent photoluminescence analysis demonstrates that the CdSe/CdTe device exhibits lower radiative efficiency than the CdS/CdTe device. This confirms the presence of higher defects in the CdSe/CdTe device corroborated by temperature dependent VOC analysis. The comparative electrical and optical analysis provides insight into improving the performance of CdTe solar cell device by selenization.
Pladienolides, New Substances from Culture of Streptomyces platensis Mer-11107 II. Physico-chemical Properties and Structure Elucidation (2004)

In the course of our screening using fermented broth from soil microorganisms, novel metabolites (pladienolides), possessing inhibitory activity against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and cancer cell proliferation, were isolated from Streptomyces platensis Mer-11107. Pladienolides A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), E (5), F (6), and G (7) were found to be novel 12-membered macrolides by spectroscopic studies including 1H, 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC, and NOE experiments. Pladienolides are unusual 12-membered macrolides having a long side chain at the carbon that bears a lactone oxygen.
Olfactory Dysfunction Predicts Subsequent Dementia in Older U.S. Adults (2017)

We show for the first time in a nationally representative sample that home-dwelling older adults with normal cognition and difficulty identifying odors face higher odds of being diagnosed with dementia 5 years later, independent of other significant risk factors. This validated five-item odor identification test is an efficient, low-cost component of the physical examination that can provide useful information while assessing individuals' risk of dementia. Use of such testing may provide an opportunity for early interventions to reduce the attendant morbidity and public health burden of dementia.