gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual environments for the training of maintenance and service tasks (2003)

We present an interactive, virtual reality based training environment specifically developed to support training of maintenance procedures of complex technical equipment. The architecture of the system will briefly be described. Moreover, we explain the different training modes that allow for adapting the training environment to the trainee's knowledge and determine the level of interactivity. A short glimpse is given to the scenario author's work. Finally, an example scenario will be described to demonstrate a practical application of the training environment.
Normal Cellular Processing of the β‐Amyloid Precursor Protein Results in the Secretion of the Amyloid β Peptide and Related Molecules<sup>a</sup> (1993)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the extracellular deposition in the brain and its blood vessels of insoluble aggregates of the amyloid beta peptide (A beta). This peptide is derived from a large integral membrane protein, the beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP), by proteolytic processing. The A beta has previously been found only in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease or advanced aging. We describe here the finding that A beta is produced continuously by normal processing in tissue culture cells. A beta and closely related peptides were identified in the media of cells transfected with cDNAs coding for beta APP in a variety of cell lines and primary tissue cultured cells. The identity of these peptides was confirmed by epitope mapping and radiosequencing. Peptides of a molecular weight of approximately 3 and approximately 4 kDa are described. The 4 kDa range contains mostly the A beta and two related peptides starting N-terminal to the beginning of A beta. In the 3 kDa range, the majority of peptides start at the secretase site; in addition, two longer peptides were found starting at amino acid F(4) and E(11) of the A beta sequence. To identify the processing pathways which lead to the secretion of these peptides, we used a variety of drugs known to interfere with certain cell biological pathways. We conclude that lysosomes may not play a predominant role in the formation of 3 and 4 kDa peptides. We show that an acidic environment is necessary to create the N-terminus of the A beta and postulate that alternative secretory cleavage might result in the formation of the N-terminus of A beta and related peptides. This cleavage takes place either in the late Golgi, at the cell-surface or in early endosomes, but not in lysosomes. The N-terminus of most of the 3 kDa peptides is created by secretory cleavage on the cell surface or within late Golgi.
<title>Optimized sign language video coding based on eye-tracking analysis</title> (2003)

The imminent arrival of mobile video telephony will enable deaf people to communicate - as hearing people have been able to do for a some time now - anytime/anywhere in their own language sign language. At low bit rates coding of sign language sequences is very challenging due to the high level of motion and the need to maintain good image quality to aid with understanding. This paper presents optimised coding of sign language video at low bit rates in a way that will favour comprehension of the compressed material by deaf users. Our coding suggestions are based on an eye-tracking study that we have conducted which allows us to analyse the visual attention of sign language viewers. The results of this study are included in this paper. Analysis and results for two coding methods, one using MPEG-4 video objects and the second using foveation filtering are presented. Results with foveation filtering are very promising, offering a considerable decrease in bit rate in a way which is compatible with the visual attention patterns of deaf people, as these were recorded in the eye tracking study.
Incidence of Neonatal Seizures in Harris County, Texas, 1992-1994 (1999)

This study estimated the incidence of clinical neonatal seizures among infants born between 1992 and 1994 in Harris County, Texas, a county with a large and ethnically diverse population. Infants with neonatal seizures were ascertained from four sources: hospital discharge diagnoses, birth certificates, death certificates, and a study of neonatal seizures conducted concurrently with this study at a large tertiary care center in Houston, Texas. There were 207 cases of clinical neonatal seizures among 116,048 live births (an incidence of 1.8 per 1,000 live births). The incidence was highest among infants weighing less than 1,500 g (19/1,000) and decreased as birth weight increased. There was no significant difference in incidence by ethnicity. Twenty-six percent of the seizures (54/207) occurred after the infants had been discharged from the hospital where they were born. The incidence of neonatal seizures in Harris County was lower than the incidence reported recently for Fayette County, Kentucky, for 1985-1989 (3.5/1,000) and for Newfoundland, Canada, for 1990-1995 (2.5/1,000), but was higher than the incidence estimated for Rochester, Minnesota, for 1935-1984 (1/1,000).
Comparison of Essential oil Composition of Three Ginger Cultivars from Sub Himalayan Region (2012)

Abstract Objective To investigate and compare the essential oil constituents of three most popular cultivars from sub Himalayan region namely, gorubathane, shingboi and thingria. Methods Volatile oils were isolated using Clevenger trap and characterized by analytical gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Results Eighty one constituents accounting for 95.24%, 97.1% and 97.03% of the gorubathane, shingboi and thingria oils respectively, were identified. Conclusions The major compounds of gorubathane oil were zingiberene (32.2%) and β-sequiphellandrene (10.9%). The main constituents in thingria oil were zingiberene (12.58%) and ar-curcumene (9.89%) and of shingboi oil were geranial (20.07%) and neral (9.44%). This is the first report on the essential oils composition of three Sub Himalayan ginger cultivars.
Controlling Chaos (1995)

Scientists in many fields are recognizing that the systems they study often exhibit a type of time evolution known as chaos. Its hallmark is wild, unpredictable behavior, a state often perplexing and unwelcome to those who encounter it. Indeed this highly structured and deterministic phenomenon was in the past frequently mistaken for noise and viewed as something to be avoided in most applications. Recently researchers have realized that chaos can actually be advantageous in many situations and that when it is unavoidably present, it can often be controlled to obtain desired results. In this article, we present some of the basic ideas behind the feedback control of chaos, review a few illustrative experimental results and assess the status and future promise of the field.
Der Mensch als Pflichtträger der Natur. Naturrecht und Gesellschaftsvertrag in der Kontroverse zwischen Hamann und Mendelssohn (1994)

Der Mensch als Pflichtträger der Natur. Naturrecht und Gesellschaftsvertrag in der Kontroverse zwischen Hamann und Mendelssohn was published in Moses Mendelssohn und die Kreise seiner Wirksamkeit on page 175.
Biofouling leads to reduced shell growth and flesh weight in the cultured mussel<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> (2012)

Competitive interactions between cultured mussels and fouling organisms may result in growth and weight reductions in mussels, and compromised aquaculture productivity. Mussel ropes were inoculated with Ciona intestinalis, Ectopleura crocea or Styela clava, and growth parameters of fouled and unfouled Mytilus galloprovincialis were compared after two months. Small mussels (≈ 50 mm) fouled by C. intestinalis and E. crocea were 4.0 and 3.2% shorter in shell length and had 21 and 13% reduced flesh weight, respectively, compared to the controls. Large mussels (≈ 68 mm) fouled by S. clava, C. intestinalis and E. crocea were 4.4, 3.9 and 2.1% shorter than control mussels, respectively, but flesh weights were not significantly reduced. A series of competitive feeding experiments indicated that S. clava and C. intestinalis did not reduce mussels' food consumption, but that E. crocea, through interference competition, did. Fouling by these species at the densities used here reduced mussel growth and flesh weight, likely resulting in economic losses for the industry, and requires consideration when developing biofouling mitigation strategies.
Microwave Loss Quality of BaZn <sub>13</sub> Ta <sub>2/3</sub> O <sub>3</sub> Ceramics (1985)

Loss of ZnO explains the improved microwave loss quality (Q) for Ba(Zn 1/3 Ta 2/3 )O 3 ceramics which have been sintered at high temperatures or longer times. Ordering of Zn and Ta is complete in 60 h at 1400°C, but crystallographic distortion and Q continue to increase up to 120 h. As ZnO volatilizes from the sample, Ba replaces Zn on the B sites and permits additional crystallographic distortion; meanwhile, barium tantalate phases also appear. Crystallographic compositional data are presented to confirm this interpretation.
Measurements of skin surface temperature during mobile phone use (2006)

We measured maximum temperature rises on the side of the face after 6 min of continuous mobile phone operation using two models of AMPS analog phones operating in the 835 MHz band and three early model GSM digital phones operating in the 900 MHz band. For the GSM phones the highest recorded temperature rise difference was 2.3 degrees C and for the AMPS phones it was 4.5 degrees C, both at locations on the cheek. The higher differential temperature rise between AMPS and GSM may reflect the higher maximum average operating power of AMPS (600 mW) versus GSM900 (250 mW). Additionally, we compared temperature changes at a consistent location on the cheek for an AMPS phone that was inoperative (-0.7 degrees C), transmitting at full power (+2.6 degrees C) and in stand-by mode (+2.0 degrees C). Our results suggest that direct RF heating of the skin only contributes a small part of the temperature rise and that most is due to heat conduction from the handset.
Oral decitabine reactivates expression of the methylated γ‐globin gene in <i>Papio anubis</i> (2007)

The silencing of tumor suppressor genes associated with increased DNA methylation of the promoter regions is a frequent observation in many forms of cancer. Reactivation of these genes using pharmacological inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase such as 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) is a worthwhile therapeutic goal. The effectiveness and tolerability of low-dose intravenous and subcutaneous decitabine regimens to demethylate and reactivate expression of the methylated gamma-globin gene in baboons and in patients with sickle cell disease led to successful trials of low-dose regimens of this drug in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Since these low-dose regimens are well-tolerated with minimal toxicity, they are suitable for chronic dosing to maintain promoter hypomethylation and expression of target genes. The development of an orally administered therapy using DNA methyltransferase inhibitors would facilitate such chronic approaches to therapy. We tested the ability of decitabine and a new salt derivative, decitabine mesylate, to reactivate the methylated gamma-globin gene in baboons when administered orally. Our results demonstrate that oral administration of these drugs at doses 17-34 times optimal subcutaneous doses of decitabine reactivates fetal hemoglobin, demethylates the epsilon- and gamma-globin gene promoters, and increases histone acetylation of these promoters in baboons (Papio anubis).
Multilingual Models for Compositional Distributed Semantics (2014)

We present a novel technique for learning semantic representations, which extends the distributional hypothesis to multilingual data and joint-space embeddings. Our models leverage parallel data and learn to strongly align the embeddings of semantically equivalent sentences, while maintaining sufficient distance between those of dissimilar sentences. The models do not rely on word alignments or any syntactic information and are successfully applied to a number of diverse languages. We extend our approach to learn semantic representations at the document level, too. We evaluate these models on two cross-lingual document classification tasks, outperforming the prior state of the art. Through qualitative analysis and the study of pivoting effects we demonstrate that our representations are semantically plausible and can capture semantic relationships across languages without parallel data.
Initiation of warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: early effects on ischaemic strokes (2013)

Patients initiating warfarin may be at an increased risk of stroke during the first 30 days of treatment, supporting the biological plausibility of a transient hypercoagulable state at the start of the treatment, although additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Il falso paradosso del costo del lavoro (2011)

Italia si verifichi un curioso paradosso per quanto riguarda il costo del lavoro.Infatti
A performance comparison of smart antenna technology for wireless mobile computing terminals (2002)

The paper introduces two newly developed smart antennas, the ESPAR antenna and the ESMB antenna, for mobile wireless computing terminals and mobile stations. The configurations of these smart mobile terminal antennas at the operating frequency approximately over 2.4 GHz are illustrated and the applications of using these smart antennas at mobile computing terminals and mobile stations are proposed. The performance comparison of these smart antennas and the beam control circuits, and the beam-forming and selection algorithm is discussed.
Genetic mutations and mechanisms in dilated cardiomyopathy (2013)

Genetic mutations account for a significant percentage of cardiomyopathies, which are a leading cause of congestive heart failure. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), cardiac output is limited by the thickened myocardium through impaired filling and outflow. Mutations in the genes encoding the thick filament components myosin heavy chain and myosin binding protein C (MYH7 and MYBPC3) together explain 75% of inherited HCMs, leading to the observation that HCM is a disease of the sarcomere. Many mutations are "private" or rare variants, often unique to families. In contrast, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is far more genetically heterogeneous, with mutations in genes encoding cytoskeletal, nucleoskeletal, mitochondrial, and calcium-handling proteins. DCM is characterized by enlarged ventricular dimensions and impaired systolic and diastolic function. Private mutations account for most DCMs, with few hotspots or recurring mutations. More than 50 single genes are linked to inherited DCM, including many genes that also link to HCM. Relatively few clinical clues guide the diagnosis of inherited DCM, but emerging evidence supports the use of genetic testing to identify those patients at risk for faster disease progression, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia.
Protein structure prediction : methods and protocols (2000)

The deeper understanding of protein structure now emerging from cutting-edge research is not only illuminating evolutionary and biochemical mechanisms, but also promises enormous ramifications for molecular medicine, as well as for biotechnology, biophysics, biology, genetics, and other molecular sciences. In Protein Structure Prediction: Methods and Protocols, world-class investigators detail their most successful methods-and the theory behind them-for delineating the shape, form, and function of proteins. The protocols range from basic to advanced and include sequence alignment, the prediction of transmembrane protein structure, and the development of suitable folding potentials. There are also techniques for receptor site prediction, the identification of motifs and domains, the comparative modeling of proteins, the docking of peptides and ligands, and ab initio approaches to protein loop and side-chain prediction. To ensure robust and successful experimental results, each protocol contains step-by-step instructions, as well as tips on pitfalls to avoid and how procedures may be optimized for different systems. Comprehensive, accessible, and highly practical, Protein Structure Prediction: Methods and Protocols offers protein researchers, structural biologists, and other investigators a critical synthesis of the latest research results, as well as the vital guidance needed to understand the structure and interaction of proteins and peptides
Introduction: “Our Rights as Moral Beings” (2000)

In the summer of 1837, two sisters from South Carolina, Angelina and Sarah Grimké, age 32 and 45 respectively, began a speaking tour of New England that permanently altered American perceptions of the rights of women. What began as a tour to promote the abolition of slavery ended by introducing the new concept of women’s rights into American public life.1 Between May and September the Grimkés ignited a debate about the equality of the sexes that first enveloped the abolitionist movement and then extended into the lives of women who were active in other reforms, precipitating large changes in consciousness in a relatively short period of time.
Show&Tell: a semi-automated image annotation system (2000)

A multimedia system for semi-automated image annotation, Show&Tell combines advances in speech recognition, natural language processing and image understanding. Show&Tell differs from map annotation systems and has tremendous implications for situations where visual data must be co-referenced with text descriptions, such as medical image annotation and consumer photo annotation.
Isolation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a NF-E2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator that binds to the tandem NF-E2/AP1 repeat of the beta-globin locus control region. (1994)

Hypersensitive site 2 located in the beta-globin locus control region confers high levels of expression to the genes of the beta-globin cluster. A tandem repeat of the consensus sequence for the transcription factors AP1 and NF-E2 (activating protein 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2, respectively) is present within hypersensitive site 2 and is absolutely required for strong enhancer activity. This sequence binds, in vitro and in vivo, to ubiquitous proteins of the AP1 family and to the recently cloned erythroid-specific transcription factor NF-E2. Using the tandem repeat as a recognition site probe to screen a lambda gt11 cDNA expression library from K562 cells, we isolated several DNA binding proteins. Here, we report the characterization of one of the clones isolated. The gene, which we named Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2), is encoded within a 2.2-kb transcript and predicts a 66-kDa protein with a basic leucine zipper DNA binding domain highly homologous to that of NF-E2. Although Nrf2 is expressed ubiquitously, a role of this protein in mediating enhancer activity of hypersensitive site 2 in erythroid cells cannot be excluded. In this respect, Nrf2 contains a powerful acidic activation domain that may participate in the transcriptional stimulation of beta-globin genes.
Improved foveation- and saliency-based visual attention prediction under a quality assessment task (2012)

Image quality assessment is one application out of many that can be aided by the use of computational saliency models. Existing visual saliency models have not been extensively tested under a quality assessment context. Also, these models are typically geared towards predicting saliency in non-distorted images. Recent work has also focussed on mimicking the human visual system in order to predict fixation points from saliency maps. One such technique (GAFFE) that uses foveation has been found to perform well for non-distorted images. This work extends the foveation framework by integrating it with saliency maps from well known saliency models. The performance of the foveated saliency models is evaluated based on a comparison with human ground-truth eye-tracking data. For comparison, the performance of the original non-foveated saliency predictions is also presented. It is shown that the integration of saliency models with a foveation based fixation finding framework significantly improves the prediction performance of existing saliency models over different distortion types. It is also found that the information maximization based saliency maps perform the best consistently over different distortion types and levels under this foveation based framework.
Filtering of spectral parameters for speech recognition (1994)

The time sequences of speech parameters resulting from current short-time spectral estimators show a tradeoff between estimation error variance and time and frequency resolution. In this paper, we apply frequency analysis and linear filtering to these sequences to gain insights into their limitations and to provide an interpretation framework for several parameter processing techniques proposed in the past. Particularly, the observation of their long-term spectrum reveals the importance of band equalization for improving discrimination in speech recognition. Based on that, we propose a method of filtering the sequences that includes an explicit equalization and incorporates a bandwidth parameter. By using Slepian sequences in the design of the filters, good results were obtained in our preliminary word recognition tests.
The influence of CpG and UpA dinucleotide frequencies on RNA virus replication and characterization of the innate cellular pathways underlying virus attenuation and enhanced replication (2014)

Most RNA viruses infecting mammals and other vertebrates show profound suppression of CpG and UpA dinucleotide frequencies. To investigate this functionally, mutants of the picornavirus, echovirus 7 (E7), were constructed with altered CpG and UpA compositions in two 1.1-1.3 Kbase regions. Those with increased frequencies of CpG and UpA showed impaired replication kinetics and higher RNA/infectivity ratios compared with wild-type virus. Remarkably, mutants with CpGs and UpAs removed showed enhanced replication, larger plaques and rapidly outcompeted wild-type virus on co-infections. Luciferase-expressing E7 sub-genomic replicons with CpGs and UpAs removed from the reporter gene showed 100-fold greater luminescence. E7 and mutants were equivalently sensitive to exogenously added interferon-β, showed no evidence for differential recognition by ADAR1 or pattern recognition receptors RIG-I, MDA5 or PKR. However, kinase inhibitors roscovitine and C16 partially or entirely reversed the attenuated phenotype of high CpG and UpA mutants, potentially through inhibition of currently uncharacterized pattern recognition receptors that respond to RNA composition. Generating viruses with enhanced replication kinetics has applications in vaccine production and reporter gene construction. More fundamentally, the findings introduce a new evolutionary paradigm where dinucleotide composition of viral genomes is subjected to selection pressures independently of coding capacity and profoundly influences host-pathogen interactions.