gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layout recognition of multi-kinds of table-form documents (1995)

Many approaches have reported that knowledge-based layout recognition methods are very successful in classifying the meaningful data from document images automatically. However, these approaches are applicable to only the same kind of documents because they are based on the paradigm that specifies the structure definition information in advance so as to be able to analyze a particular class of documents intelligently. In this paper, the authors propose a method to recognize the layout structures of multi-kinds of table-form document images. For this purpose, the authors introduce a classification tree to manage the relationships among different classes of layout structures. The authors' recognition system has two modes: layout knowledge acquisition and layout structure recognition. In the layout knowledge acquisition mode, table-form document images are distinguished according to this. Classification tree and then the structure description trees which specify the logical structures of table-form documents are generated automatically. While, in the layout structure recognition mode, individual item fields in the table-form document images are extracted and classified successfully by searching the classification tree and interpreting the structure description tree.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The synthesis of a water-soluble derivative of rutin as an antiradical agent (2008)

The purpose of this study was to synthesize a water-soluble derivative of rutin (compound 2) by introducing carboxylate groups on rutin's sugar moiety. The rutin derivative showed an almost 100-fold solubility increase in water. The antiradical capacity of compound 2 was evaluated using the luminol/AAPH system, and the derivative's activity was 1.5 times greater than that of Trolox . Despite the derivative's high solubility in water (log P = -1.13), lipid peroxidation of brain homogenate membranes was very efficiently inhibited (inhibition values were only 19% lower than the inhibition values of rutin).
Identification of a second neutrophil-chemoattractant cytokine generated during an inflammatory reaction in the rabbit peritoneal cavity <i>in vivo</i>. Purification, partial amino acid sequence and structural relationship to melanoma-growth-stimulatory activity (1991)

The intraperitoneal injection of zymosan in the rabbit results in the generation of an inflammatory exudate containing oedema-forming and chemoattractant activities. Previous studies demonstrated the early appearance of the complement fragment C5a, followed by the generation of two mediators related to the cytokine interleukin-8 that were separable by cation-exchange h.p.l.c. N-Terminal amino acid sequencing identified one of these mediators as rabbit interleukin-8. This paper describes the purification of the second cytokine by cation-exchange, gel-filtration and reversed-phase h.p.l.c. The purified material had both oedema-forming and chemoattractant activity when assayed in rabbit skin in vivo. On SDS/PAGE a single 6-8 kDa band was observed and N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the reduced and alkylated protein positively identified 36 amino acids. This sequence revealed the rabbit homologue of melanoma-growth-stimulatory activity. The identification of these two cytokines in vivo will provide an opportunity to investigate the importance of their co-release in the inflammatory process.
The Expression of Smads in Human Endometrium and Regulation and Induction in Endometrial Epithelial and Stromal Cells by Transforming Growth Factor-β (2003)

Human endometrium expresses TGF-beta and TGF-beta receptors where they regulate several endometrial biological activities implicated in embryo implantation, irregular bleeding, endometriosis, and cancer. In the present study, we determined the expression of Smads, intracellular signals that mediate TGF-beta receptors signals from the cell surface to the nucleus, in the endometrium as well as isolated endometrial epithelial (EEC) and stromal (ESC) cells. We also determined whether TGF-beta regulates the expression Smads and activates Smad3 in these cells and endometrial surface epithelial cell line (HES). Using semiquantitative RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry, we found that endometrium, EEC, ESC, and HES express Smad3, -4, and -7 mRNA and protein and contain phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3). Smads and pSmad3 were localized in the epithelial and stromal cells with cytoplasmic/nuclear localization. TGF-beta in a dose- and time-dependent manner increased the expression of Smads mRNA and protein, the rate of pSmad3 activation, and Smad3 translocation into the nucleus in ESC and HES. The effect of TGF-beta on pSmad3 induction was, in part, abrogated by the pretreatment of HES and ESC with TGF-beta type II receptor antisense oligonucleotides. We conclude that human endometrium expresses the necessary components of Smad signaling pathway, whose expression and induction in endometrial epithelial and stromal cells are regulated by TGF-beta.
Transgenic expression of human matrix metalloproteinase-1 attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension in mice (2011)

PAH (pulmonary arterial hypertension) is a debilitating and life-threatening disease, often affecting young people. We specifically expressed human MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1) in mouse macrophages and examined its effects in attenuating the decompensating features of MCT (monocrotaline)-induced PAH. Measurement of RV (right ventricular) pressure revealed a 2.5-fold increase after treatment with MCT, which was reduced to 1.5-fold in MMP-1 transgenic mice. There was conspicuous pulmonary inflammation with chronic infiltration of mononuclear cells after the administration of MCT, which was significantly diminished in transgenic mice. Furthermore, transgenic mice showed decreased collagen deposition compared with WT (wild-type). Staining for Mac-3 (macrophage-3) and α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) revealed extensive infiltration of macrophages and medial hypertrophy of large pulmonary vessels with complete occlusion of small arteries respectively. These changes were markedly reduced in MMP-1 transgenic mice compared with WT. Western blotting for molecules involved in cell multiplication and proliferation depicted a significant decrease in the lung tissue of transgenic mice after the treatment with MCT. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that transgenic expression of human MMP-1 decreased proliferation of smooth muscle cells and prevented excessive deposition of collagen in the pulmonary arterial tree. Our results indicate that up-regulation of MMP-1 could attenuate the debilitation of human PAH and provide an option for therapeutic intervention.
Serum total sialic acid, a reputed cardiovascular risk factor, and its relationship to lipids, plasma fasting insulin, blood pressure and body mass index in normal individuals (1998)

1. Serum sialic acid is a reputed cardiovascular risk factor, but the reason why this is so is not clear. We therefore studied its relationship with other known cardiovascular risk factors (particularly those associated with insulin resistance) in 100 healthy young subjects (54 females and 46 males, age 20.7+/-0.89 years). 2. There was a significant univariate correlation between serum total sialic acid and fasting plasma insulin. Serum total sialic acid also correlated with fasting plasma glucose concentration and serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol. 3. In females there was a strong univariate correlation between serum total sialic acid and plasma fasting insulin and glucose concentrations, although in males there was a weaker univariate correlation between serum total sialic acid and fasting plasma glucose and the insulin resistance index. In addition, serum total sialic acid significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure, fasting serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations and body mass index in the females. In males serum total sialic acid significantly positively correlated with fasting serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, and correlated inversely with the hip/waist ratio. 4. In multiple regression analysis of the 100 subjects serum total sialic acid correlated independently with fasting serum cholesterol, glucose and also plasma insulin concentrations. In females serum total sialic acid independently correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose concentrations, although there was no significant independent correlation between serum total sialic acid and any of the other variables in the males.
Histamine H3 Receptor: A Potential Drug Target for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders (2003)

Histamine H3 receptors were first described in the eighties but finally cloned four years ago. They are G-protein coupled, mostly presynaptic, and are involved in the control of the synthesis and / or release of different neurotransmitters both in the central nervous system and the periphery. The availabiliy of specific ligands has permitted the study of potential therapeutic applications of either stimulating or blocking the function of these receptors. There is experimental evidence that drugs targeted at histamine H3 receptors could be beneficial for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinsons disease, epilepsy, drug abuse and several affective, appetite and sleeping disorders, among others. This review presents recent advances in this field. Keywords: histamine h3 receptor, appetite disorders, sleeping disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, depression
Application of Malay speech technology in Malay Speech Therapy Assistance Tools (2007)

Malay speech therapy assistance tools (MSTAT) is a system which assists the therapist to diagnose children for language disorder and to train children with stuttering problem. The main engine behind it is the speech technologies; consist of speech recognition system, Malay text-to-speech system and Malay talking head by Tan, T.S. (2003). In this project, speech recognition system utilizes the hidden Markov model (HMM) technique for evaluating speech problem for children such as stuttering. The voice pattern of the normal and speech disorder children are used to train the HMM model for classifying the problem of speech disorder. Thus, the system is localized with local dialect voice database which focus on local Malay dialect that is currently not available in market. Besides that, the system also utilizes Malay text-to-speech system and Talking Head to guide and lead the children or parents to follow the diagnostic process. This feature makes the system more interactive and not only single direction of communication.
Bumping and stacking processes for 3D IC using fluxfree polymer (2011)

A novel, maskless, low-volume bumping material, called solder bump maker, which is composed of a resin and low-melting-point solder powder, has been developed to make solder bumps on TSVs. With the coining process, the standard deviation of bump heights became 1μm. Fluxing underfill which features an extremely low-weight loss with temperature, has been, also, developed to simplify the chip-to-chip and chip-to-wafer bonding processes and implement the mass reflow process for them. Therefore, these processes can be reduced to only three steps: dispensing fluxing underfill, pick and place of TSV chips, and reflow. With the fluxing underfill, a 4 × 4 array of 4 tier-stacked TSV chips on a Si wafer was, successfully, developed.
ENU Mutagenesis in Mice (2008)

Forward genetics has led to many "breakthrough" discoveries, and with the mouse genome almost fully sequenced, the creation of phenotypes through random germline mutagenesis has become an efficient means by which to find the function of yet undescribed genes. In this chapter, we will provide a practical guideline for performing germline mutagenesis in mice. In particular, we will focus on the application of this technology to identify genes that are essential to innate immune defense.
Transcription repression by <i>Xenopus</i> ET and its human ortholog TBX3, a gene involved in ulnar-mammary syndrome (1999)

T box (Tbx) genes are a family of developmental regulators with more than 20 members recently identified in invertebrates and vertebrates. Mutations in Tbx genes have been found to cause several human diseases. Our understanding of functional mechanisms of Tbx products has come mainly from the prototypical T/Brachyury, which is a transcription activator. We previously discovered ET, a Tbx gene expressed in Xenopus embryos. We report here that ET is an ortholog of the human Tbx3 and that ET is a repressor of basal and activated transcription. Functional dissection of the ET protein reveals a novel transcription-repression domain highly conserved among ET, human TBX3, and TBX2. These results reveal a new transcription repressor domain, show the existence of a subfamily of transcription repressors in the Tbx superfamily, and provide a basis for understanding etiology of diseases caused by Tbx3 mutations.
De Heup (2001)

1. Craniale begrenzing 2. Caudale begrenzing 3. Dorsomediale begrenzing 4. Ventromediale begrenzing 5. Sulcus gluteus
Cultivation, granulation and characteristics of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing sludge in sequencing batch reactor (2006)

Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was started-up by inoculating the nitrifying activated sludge. After an operation of 72 d, the bioreactor reached at steady state with ammonia and nitrite removal percentages higher than 95%. During operation, the sludge granulated in the reactor. The morphology and internal structure of sludge granules changed conspicuously, the density increased while the color changed from khaki to red. The average granular diameter grew from 1.2 to 3.69 mm, and its settling velocity accelerated from 107.68 to 118.49 m/h. Sludge granulation improved the tolerance to hydraulic shock loading, and reduced sludge washout (TSS &lt; 0.028 g/L). The dominant bacterial communities (filamentous and cocci) in nitrifying activated sludge were replaced by irregular shaped ANAMMOX bacterial species gradually. An increase of ANAMMOX rate was achieved with the increasing granular diameter. SBR is a useful reactor to cultivate ANAMMOX granular sludge, while granular ANAMMOX sludge thus developed can be used as seeding sludge in a pilot-scale or full scale wastewater treatment plant.
Palladium-Catalyzed Alkynylation: Sonogashira Alkyne Synthesis (2003)

In this chapter the authors discuss the Pd-catalyzed reactions of aryl, alkenyl, benzyl, alkyl, and acyl electrophiles with metal nucleophiles leading to carbon-metal bond formation. The Sonogashira and related Heck-type alkyne hydrogen substitution reactions are presented. Genuine examples of the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of preformed alkynylmetals with organic halides and the conjugate substitution reactions are outlined. The chapter also includes special discussion of the following classes of compounds: heteroaromatics; chiral compounds and their asymmetric synthesis; conjugated oligomers of biological significance; conjugated oligomers and polymers of materials chemical interest and natural products.
A Model-Based Algorithm for Optimizing I/O Intensive Applications in Clouds Using VM-Based Migration (2009)

Federated storage resources in geographically distributed environments are becoming viable platforms for data-intensive cloud and grid applications. To improve I/O performance in such environments, we propose a novel model-based I/O performance optimization algorithm for data-intensive applications running on a virtual cluster, which determines virtual machine (VM) migration strategies,i.e., when and where a VM should be migrated, while minimizing the expected value of file access time. We solve this problem as a shortest path problem of a weighted direct acyclic graph (DAG), where the weighted vertex represents a location of a VM and expected file access time from the location, and the weighted edge represents a migration of a VM and time. We construct the DAG from our Markov model which represents the dependency of files. Our simulation-based studies suggest that our proposed algorithm can achieve higher performance than simple techniques, such as ones that never migrate VMs: 38% or always migrate VMs onto the locations that hold target files: 47%.
Using Provenance for Quality Assessment and Repair in Linked Open Data. (2012)

Abstract. As the number of data sources publishing their data on the Web of Data is growing, we are experiencing an immense growth of the Linked Open Data cloud. The lack of control on the published sources, which could be untrustworthy or unreliable, along with their dynamic nature that often invalidates links and causes conflicts or other discrepancies, could lead to poor quality data. In order to judge data quality, a number of quality indicators have been proposed, coupled with quality metrics that quantify the “quality level ” of a dataset. In addition to the above, some approaches address how to improve the quality of the datasets through a repair process that focuses on how to correct invalidities caused by constraint violations by either removing or adding triples. In this paper we argue that provenance is a critical factor that should be taken into account during repairs to ensure that the most reliable data is kept. Based on this idea, we propose quality metrics that take into account provenance and evaluate their applicability as repair guidelines in a particular data fusion setting. 1
A Deep Learning Approach for Multi-View Engagement Estimation of Children in a Child-Robot Joint Attention Task (2019)

In this work, we tackle the problem of child engagement estimation while children freely interact with a robot in a friendly, room-like environment. We propose a deep learning-based multi-view solution that takes advantage of recent developments in human pose detection. We extract the child's pose from different RGB-D cameras placed regularly in the room, fuse the results and feed them to a deep Neural Network (NN) trained for classifying engagement levels. The deep network contains a recurrent layer, in order to exploit the rich temporal information contained in the pose data. The resulting method outperforms a number of baseline classifiers and provides a promising tool for better automatic understanding of a child's attitude, interest and attention while cooperating with a robot. The goal is to integrate this model in next-generation social robots as an attention monitoring tool during various Child Robot Interaction (CRI) tasks both for Typically Developed (TD) children and children affected by autism (ASD).
Ramsey-Bordé Matter-Wave Interferometry for Laser Frequency Stabilization at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>16</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> Frequency Instability and Below (2019)

We demonstrate Ramsey-Bordé (RB) atom interferometry for high performance laser stabilization with fractional frequency instability <2×10^{-16} for timescales between 10 and 1000s. The RB spectroscopy laser interrogates two counterpropagating ^{40}Ca beams on the ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{1} transition at 657 nm, yielding 1.6 kHz linewidth interference fringes. Fluorescence detection of the excited state population is performed on the (4s4p) ^{3}P_{1}-(4p^{2}) ^{3}P_{0} transition at 431 nm. Minimal thermal shielding and no vibration isolation are used. These stability results surpass performance from other thermal atomic or molecular systems by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, and further improvements look feasible.
DNA hypermethylation regulates the expression of members of the Mu-class glutathione <i>S</i>-transferases and glutathione peroxidases in Barrett’s adenocarcinoma (2008)

Epigenetic inactivation of members of the glutathione pathway can be an important mechanism in Barrett's tumourigenesis.
Synergistic Interaction of Xyloglucan and Xanthan Investigated by Rheology, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and NMR (2006)

A new synergistic interaction between tamarind seed xyloglucan and xanthan was found and investigated by rheology, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and NMR. The effect of the acetyl and pyruvate groups in the side chain in xanthan on the synergistic interaction was also examined. The shear moduli G' and G' ' of the mixture solution of xyloglucan and native (or acetate-free) xanthan increased steeply at around 22 degrees C upon cooling. An exothermic DSC peak appeared at the same temperature. A drastic decrease in the of the acetyl and pyruvate groups of the xanthan side chain was observed from 1H NMR spectra only in the mixture at low temperatures (<25 degrees C). It was found that the pyruvate group is more restricted in the mixture solution compared with the acetyl group. The mixture of xyloglucan and pyruvate-free xanthan showed no synergistic interaction. We concluded that this synergistic interaction is caused by the intermolecular binding between xyloglucan and xanthan, and, in the heterotypic junction zones, the xanthan side chain becomes a new state that is different from both the coil and helix states.
Secondary Use of Patients' Electronic Records (SUPER): An Approach for Meeting Specific Data Needs of Clinical and Translational Researchers. (2017)

Academic medical centers commonly approach secondary use of electronic health record (EHR) data by implementing centralized clinical data warehouses (CDWs). However, CDWs require extensive resources to model data dimensions and harmonize clinical terminology, which can hinder effective support of the specific and varied data needs of investigators. We hypothesized that an approach that aggregates raw data from source systems, ignores initial modeling typical of CDWs, and transforms raw data for specific research purposes would meet investigator needs. The approach has successfully enabled multiple tools that provide utility to the institutional research enterprise. To our knowledge, this is the first complete description of a methodology for electronic patient data acquisition and provisioning that ignores data harmonization at the time of initial storage in favor of downstream transformation to address specific research questions and applications.
Structures of kelletinins I and II, antibacterial metabolites of the marine mollusk Kelletia kelletii (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures of kelletinins I and II, antibacterial metabolites of the marine mollusk Kelletia kelletiiAdrienne A. Tymiak and Kenneth L. Rinehart Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 25, 7396–7401Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00363a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00363a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts