gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Alkali on Carbohydrates. I. Saccharinic Anilides Derived from D-Glucose, L-Arabinose and Cellobiose<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Alkali on Carbohydrates. I. Saccharinic Anilides Derived from D-Glucose, L-Arabinose and Cellobiose1John W. GreenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 9, 1894–1897Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01590a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01590a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genome wide profiling of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), their derivatives and embryonal carcinoma cells to develop base profiles of U.S. Federal government approved hESC lines (2006)

we show that Illumina's bead array platform is a reliable, reproducible and robust method for developing base global profiles of cells and identifying similarities and differences in large number of samples.
Novel mutations in the p16/CDKN2A binding region of the cyclin-dependent kinase-4 gene. (1998)

Mutations in genes that lie in the retinoblastoma pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many tumor types. Two critical components that determine progression from G1 to S include p16/CDKN2A and CDK4. Alterations in p16/CDKN2A have been well documented in multiple cancers, including melanoma. However, changes in CDK4 are apparently more rare. Only two alterations, both at codon 24, have been identified in CDK4: an activating arginine-to-cysteine transition and a germ-line arginine-to-histidine substitution in one French kindred. In a survey of 20 neuroblastomas, 17 uncultured metastatic melanomas, 33 uncultured primary uveal melanomas, 8 colon cancer cell lines, and 20 primary colon cancer samples, we found no evidence of mutations in exon 2 of CDK4. From our cell lines derived from metastatic melanomas, we detected two alterations in the functionally critical exon 2 of CDK4: a lysine-to-glutamine transition at codon 22 and the arginine-to-histidine mutation at codon 24. These findings document several novel changes in the p16-binding region of CDK4.
The Proteasome and the Delicate Balance between Destruction and Rescue (2004)

The proteasome is a large multiprotein complex that degrades unwanted cellular proteins. The mechanisms that control this protein-eating machine are being uncovered
Bellcore Metrocore network-a test-bed for metropolitan area network research (2003)

The authors describe the Bellcore Metrocore network, a testbed prototype of a metropolitan area network (MAN) for exploring network concepts and technology applications in broadband communications. This system operates at 150 Mb/s with the potential for upgrading to multi-Gb/s. A basic hardware architecture has been designed which consists of a network interface (media access control (MAC) layer), and several independent, modular units that interface to various services. At the MAC layer, integrated services are supported by giving priority to those traffic types requiring bounded delay. The software network architecture includes a network controller to configure, monitor, and administer the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Invisible Photonic Prints Shown by Deformation (2014)

Invisible photonic prints shown by deformation are prepared by soaking the mechanochromic photonic paper with crosslinker (PEGDA) and subsequently crosslinking part of the paper through a photo lithography process. The key point of this new technique is creating patterns and background with very close photonic structures but different mechanochromic capabilities, so that the invisible photonic patterns in relaxed state can be revealed under deformation due to the nonuniform change in photonic structure. Based on the relationship between crosslinking level and the reflection changes during deformation, one can conclude that a low crosslinking level favors the hiding of invisible patterns and a high crosslinking level favors the showing of patterns. The as‐prepared samples can instantly and reversibly show the patterns by deformation and hide them by relaxation for many times, and the encapsulation by PDMS rubber prolongs its life time and enhances its durability in practical usages. The current printing technique is capable of creating invisible photonic prints in both macroscale and microscale range, which makes them potentially useful for security and antifraud applications in daily life.
Lula: Reelection Guaranteed? (2006)

As the Brazilian elections get closer, the reelection of President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva seems guaranteed, possibly in the first round, on October 1, 2006. This interview with Herve Thery is the opportunity to discuss the main stakes and challenges of contemporary Brazil from an internal and external perspective.
Acrylamide content of selected Spanish foods: Survey of biscuits and bread derivatives (2007)

An overview of the acrylamide content in commercial biscuits and bread derivatives (bread sticks, bread crust, crackers) marketed in Spain is presented. Acrylamide was determined by stable isotope dilution LC-MS with an LOQ of 30 microg kg(-1). Acrylamide content ranged from <LOQ-2085, <LOQ-151, <LOQ-296 and <LOQ-323 microg kg(-1) for biscuits, crisp bread, crackers and bread sticks, respectively. Acrylamide was significantly higher in samples when ammonium hydrogen carbonate had been used as a rising agent and high fibre content (>5%) used in the formulation, but lower when functional ingredients, such as polyols, were used. An estimation of the acrylamide dietary exposure related to biscuits and bread derivatives was calculated as 0.082 microg kg(-1) day(-1). Estimated dietary intake were 0.002 and 0.058 microg kg(-1) day(-1) for crackers and biscuits, respectively.
Oscillations and Traveling Waves in Chemical Systems (1985)

The Mathematical Aspects of Temporal Oscillations in Reacting Systems Experimental and Mechanistic Characterization of Bromate-Ion-Driven Chemical Oscillations and Traveling Waves in Closed Systems A Quantitative Account of Oscillations, Bistability, and Traveling Waves in the Belousov- Zhabotinskii Reaction Mathematical Analysis of the Oregonator Model of the Belousov-Zhabotinskii Reaction Chemical Oscillators Based on Iodate Ion and Hydrogen Peroxide Numerical Techniques for Modeling and Analysis of Oscillating Reactions From Bistability to Sustained Oscillations in Homogeneous Chemical Systems in Flow Reactor Mode Halogen Based Oscillators in a Flow Reactor Periodically Perturbed Chemical Systems The Structure and Variety of Chemical Waves Propagating Reaction-Diffusion Fronts Organizing Centers for Chemical Waves in Two and Three Dimensions Gas Evolution Oscillators Isothermal Oscillations and Relaxation Ignitions in Gas-Phase Reactions: The Oxidations of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Thermokinetic Oscillations in Homogeneous Gas Phase Oxidations Oscillating Chemical Reactions as an Example of the Development of a Subfield of Science Appendix: A Periodic Reaction and its Mechanism References Index.
Het labyrint in de letterkunde: Van de Barok tot het Postmodernisme (2001)

The labyrinth in literature: From Baroque to Postmodernism The labyrinth has proved to be an essential symbol of postmodernist literature and the philosophy of our time. This symbol has apparently had the power to bridge the centuries between Ancient Greece and the year 2000. In reality the labyrinth as a geometrical figure has acquired various meanings in the course of time. The history of the labyrinth as symbol shows that the constant elements are as essential as the changes in meaning from the Middle Ages until the present day. Two of the new symbolic elements that accompany the labyrinth on its way through various cultural periods are the garden and the path of life. During the Baroque the labyrinth, for example, represented the synthesis of garden, path and maze. At the end of the twentieth century the labyrinth once more becomes a dominant and significant structure. The labyrinth reflects the inability and perhaps impossibility to find the key to the centre of the world and to discover the truth behind the words we use. On the other hand, the labyrinth suggests that the search for meaning and truth is an aim in itself or even that this search can lead to new forms of wisdom. The labyrinth therefore is an ambivalent and fascinating symbol of our time. Dedalus and Ariadne, however, have not yet brought the salvation we are waiting for.
Facial Weakness Analysis and Quantification of Static Images (2020)

Facial weakness is a symptom commonly associated to lack of facial muscle control due to neurological injury. Several diseases are associated with facial weakness such as stroke and Bell's palsy. The use of digital imaging through mobile phones, tablets, personal computers and other devices could provide timely opportunity for detection, which if accurate enough can improve treatment by enabling faster patient triage and recovery progress monitoring. Most of the existing facial weakness detection approaches from static images are based on facial landmarks from which geometric features can be calculated. Landmark-based methods, however, can suffer from inaccuracies in face landmarks localization. In this study, We also experimentally evaluate the performance of several feature extraction methods for measuring facial weakness, including the landmark-based features, as well as intensity-based features on a neurologist-certified dataset that comprises 186 images of normal, 125 images of left facial weakness, and 126 images of right facial weakness. We demonstrate that, for the application of facial weakness detection from single (static) images, approaches that incorporate the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HoG) features tend to be more accurate.
A case for scaling applications to many-core with OS clustering (2011)

This paper proposes an approach to scaling UNIX-like operating systems for many cores in a backward-compatible way, which still enjoys common wisdom in new operating system designs. The proposed system, called Cerberus, mitigates contention on many shared data structures within OS kernels by clustering multiple commodity operating systems atop a VMM, and providing applications with the traditional shared memory interface. Cerberus extends a traditional VMMwith efficient support for resource sharing and communication among the clustered operating systems. It also routes system calls of an application among operating systems, to provide applications with the illusion of running on a single operating system.
Near-optimal sparse fourier representations via sampling (2002)

(MATH) We give an algorithm for finding a Fourier representation R of B terms for a given discrete signal signal A of length N, such that $\|\signal-\repn\|_2^2$ is within the factor (1 +ε) of best possible $\|\signal-\repn_\opt\|_2^2$. Our algorithm can access A by reading its values on a sample set T ⊆[0,N), chosen randomly from a (non-product) distribution of our choice, independent of A. That is, we sample non-adaptively. The total time cost of the algorithm is polynomial in B log(N)log(M)ε (where M is the ratio of largest to smallest numerical quantity encountered), which implies a similar bound for the number of samples.
Activation of Cp<sub>2</sub>ZrX<sub>2</sub> (X = Me, Cl) by Methylaluminoxane As Studied by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Relationship to Polymerization Catalysis (2017)

Activation of Cp2ZrCl2 and Cp2ZrMe2 by methylaluminoxane (MAO) in toluene is largely complete at Al:Zr ratios of 100:1 to 200:1 as revealed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). The anions present undergo chlorination in the case of Cp2ZrCl2. DFT calculations reveal that chlorination of MAO is favorable and involves dissociation of Me3Al, followed by association of Me2AlCl. Ethylene polymerizations were conducted using these catalyst precursors in toluene. The activity vs [Zr] data are essentially identical, while higher MW polyethylene is formed with a narrower MWD at lower Al:Zr ratios in the case of Cp2ZrMe2. The activity vs [Zr] data could be fit to a model which invokes bimolecular deactivation of growing chains. ESI MS reveals that a dinuclear Zr2 cation with m/z 557 is formed on exposure of [Cp2Zr(μ-Me)2AlMe2]+ to ethylene, in addition to other cations that are dinuclear with respect to Zr. Labeling experiments using ethylene-d4 indicate that these dinuclear cations are derived from ethylene, either through direct incorporation in the case of m/z 557, or indirectly through incorporation of deuterium following e.g. β-H elimination. These experiments shed light on the need for high Al:Zr ratios for ethylene polymerization using soluble metallocene catalysts. The active catalyst [Cp2ZrR][MAO(Me)] (R = H, Et or a higher homologue) suffers a second order deactivation, and thus activity improves upon dilution of the catalyst precursor at constant [Al].
Photosynthetic unit size, carotenoids, and chlorophyll—protein composition of <i>Prochloron</i> sp., a prokaryotic green alga (1978)

Six samples of the prokaryotic, unicellular algae Prochloron sp., which occur in association with didemnid ascidians, were collected from various localities in the tropical Pacific Ocean, and their pigments and chlorophyll-protein complexes were identified and characterized. No phycobilin pigments were detected in any of the species. Chlorophylls a and b were present in ratios of a/b = 4.4-6.9. The major carotenoids were beta-carotene (70%) and zeaxanthin (20%). Minor carotenoids of one isolate were identified as echinenone, cryptoxanthin, isocryptoxanthin, mutachrome, and trihydroxy-beta-carotene; no epsilon-ring carotenoids were found in any sample. Except for the absence of glycosidic carotenoids, the overall pigment composition is typical of cyanobacteria. A chlorophyll a/b-protein complex was present in Prochloron; it was electrophoretically and spectrally indistinguishable from the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein of higher plants and green algae. It accounted for 26% (compared to approximately 50% in green plants) of the total chlorophyll; 17% was associated with a P700-chlorophyll a-protein. The photosynthetic unit size of 240 +/- 10 chlorophylls per P700 in Prochloron was about half that of eukaryotic green plants. A model is proposed for the in vivo organization of chlorophyll in Prochloron.
The catalytic effect of single-wall carbon nanotubes on the hydrogen sorption properties of sodium alanates (2005)

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were examined as catalysts for improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of Ti/Zr-doped NaAlH4 hydride, proposed as a reversible hydrogen storage material. We studied the hydrogen charge and discharge characteristics and stability of sodium aluminium composites ball milled with carbon additives such as SWNTs, graphite or activated carbon (AX-21). The SWNT–NaAlH4 system was tested at 160 °C for up to 200 cycles, and the sorption kinetics were enhanced by a factor of four. Also, the catalyzed NaAlH4 hydride with graphite and activated carbon additives shows fast absorption and desorption kinetics. Our results indicate that by creating new hydrogen transition sites, the structure of carbon in the composites plays an important role in enhancing the hydrogen absorption and release rates.
Cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extract of leaves and rhizomes of Curcuma amada Roxb against breast cancer cell lines (2014)

The results indicated that the methanol extract of leaves and rhizomes of C. amada possess anticancer and cytotoxic activity.
MOS area sensor: Part I&#8212;Design consideration and performance of an n-p-n structure 484 &#215; 384 element color MOS imager (1980)

The design consideration and performance of an n-p-n structure 484 × 384 element MOS imager is described. The imager has a photodiode array and scanners separately integrated on different p wells. The horizontal scanner, consisting of bootstrapping type noninverting circuits, features high speed and low noise. The maximum scan rate of the scanner is ∼15 MHz. The vertical scanner, consisting of inverting circuits, has a wide dynamic operating range. It can operate stably under an intense illumination of ∼ 1500 1x. Analysis of the MOS switch with a photodiode is also carried out. The 484 × 384 imager has shown excellent performances: signal to fixed-pattern-noise ratio of 54 dB, horizontal resolution of 260 TV lines, vertical resolution of 350 TV lines, well-balanced spectral response, and antiblooming.
A Computerized Nasal Analysis System (1983)

Critical analysis of an aesthetic surgeon's presurgical and postsurgical photographs may provide an excellent tool for self-assessment, research, and teaching. Techniques are presented that allowed precise definition by personnel other than the surgeon of each patient's deformities and the effects of surgery on them. Trigonometric formulas were developed and a computer was programmed to use the X and Y coordinates for facial landmarks to perform many calculations providing distances, angles, projections, and rotations relating to the rhinoplastic surgery. Cases are reported showing typical changes and some results not readily apparent in the photographs. Such data provide not only current analysis of individual cases, but they eventually will become a large data base that may be used to select groups of rhinoplastic cases having common degrees of deformity or of postoperative changes.
Cellular and subcellular localization of transforming growth factor‐α and epidermal growth factor receptor in normal and diseased human and hamster pancreas (1995)

Four normal pancreas, 8 chronic pancreatitis specimens, and 30 non-endocrine pancreatic tumors from humans and 6 normal and 6 induced pancreatic cancers in hamsters were examined immunohistochemically by antibodies against human transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Two normal pancreas and two pancreatic cancer specimens from each species were also studied immunoelectron microscopically by the immunogold method. In chronic pancreatitis, the reactivity and intensity of the staining with both antibodies were much greater in ductal/ductular cells than in the normal pancreas. All 30 pancreatic cancers reacted with both antibodies with a variable degree of reactivity and staining intensity. No correlation was found between the histological type of tumors, the degree of tumor differentiation, and the incidence and patterns of reactivity of either antibody. Immunoelectron microscopically, both EGFR and TGF-alpha were demonstrated primarily on the basal membrane. In the normal hamster pancreas, TGF-alpha was overexpressed in the alpha-cells but not in any other islet cells. Both TGF-alpha and EGFR were marginally detectable in the exocrine pancreas and in induced pancreatic lesions. This is the first demonstration of subcellular localization of TGF-alpha and EGFR in the normal and diseased human and hamster pancreas.
Angiopoietin concentrations in diabetic retinopathy (2005)

Angiopoietin 2 concentration was twice that of angiopoietin 1 in NPDR with CSMO. Angiopoietin 2 is the natural antagonist of angiopoietin 1 which is thought to act as an anti-permeability agent. The predominance of angiopoietin 2 may allow VEGF induced retinal vascular permeability in patients with CSMO. The relatively low concentration of both angiopoietin 1 and 2 in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy may reflect the established nature of the neovascularisation in cases proceeding to vitrectomy.
The c-kit ligand suppresses apoptosis of human natural killer cells through the upregulation of bcl-2. (1994)

The bcl-2 protein plays a central role in the regulation of programmed cell death in a variety of tissues and is pivotal to the survival of lymphocytes in vivo. The growth factors responsible for survival of normal lymphocytes are unknown but are likely to maintain viability in part through the regulation of bcl-2 expression. A subset of human natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-CD56bright) are unique among lymphocytes in their constitutive expression of c-kit, a tyrosine kinase cell surface receptor that binds c-kit ligand (KL). Alone, KL does not promote proliferation or further differentiation of CD56bright NK cells. We now report that, in the absence of serum or additional growth factors, KL prevents apoptosis of cultured CD56bright NK cells, as assessed by DNA fragmentation studies, and maintains viability, as measured by biologic responses (i.e., proliferation and cytotoxicity) to the subsequent addition of other cytokines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that KL induces CD56bright NK cells to express the bcl-2 protein. In the presence of anti-c-kit antibody, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, or bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide, the protective effect of KL on the survival of CD56bright NK cells is dramatically reduced. These data demonstrate that the binding of KL to its tyrosine kinase receptor results in the upregulation of bcl-2, thereby preventing apoptosis in this subset of normal human lymphocytes. As soluble KL is plentiful in normal human serum, this survival mechanism may be operative for CD56bright NK cells in vivo.
Frequent Loss of HLA-A2 Expression in Metastasizing Ovarian Carcinomas Associated with Genomic Haplotype Loss and HLA-A2-Restricted HER-2/<i>neu</i>-Specific Immunity (2006)

Defective expression of HLA class I molecules is common in tumor cells and may allow escape from CTL-mediated immunity. We here investigate alterations in expression of HLA class I and their underlying molecular mechanisms in ovarian cancer patients. The HLA class I and HLA-A2 expression levels on noncultured tumor cells of 12 patients diagnosed with ovarian carcinoma were investigated by flow cytometry. Molecular analyses of antigen-processing machinery (APM) components were done in metastatic cancer cells, and the HLA genotype was determined in both these and the primary tumor. HER-2/neu-specific immunity was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunospot assays. The metastatic tumor cells from all patients expressed low levels of HLA class I surface antigens. In six of nine HLA-A2+ patients, HLA-A2 expression was heterogeneous with a subpopulation of tumor cells exhibiting decreased or absent HLA-A2 expression. One patient-derived tumor cell line completely lacked HLA-A2 but exhibited constitutive expression of APM components and high HLA class I expression that was further inducible by IFN-gamma treatment. Genotyping showed a haplotype loss in the metastatic tumor cells, whereas tumor tissue microdissected from the primary tumor exhibited an intact HLA gene complex. Interestingly, HLA-A2-restricted HER-2/neu-specific T-cell responses were evident among the lymphocytes of this patient. Abnormalities in HLA class I antigen expression are common features during the progression of ovarian cancer, and haplotype loss was, for the first time, described as an underlying mechanism.