gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHOTOACTIVE METHYLENE BLUE DYE DERIVATIVES SUITABLE FOR COUPLING TO PROTEIN (1993)

Abstract Methylene blue is a very strong photoactive dye that has an absorption peak (668 nm) that corresponds well to a popular low‐cost diode laser. However, it has not been used in photodynamic tumor therapy and immunodiagnostics because it cannot be covalently coupled to protein. Therefore, methylene blue derivatives having a succinimido or maleimido functional group were synthesized and coupled to antibody, serum albumin and transfemn proteins. Incorporation of dye into antibody protein at high ratios (more than three per molecule) caused precipitation and loss of antibody activity. Inclusion of one or more carboxylic acid residues in the methylene blue derivative before coupling to protein alleviated the precipitation problem, and up to 36 methylene blue dye molecules could be attached to an antibody fragment using bovine serum protein as a carrier. Methylene blue derivatives and protein complexes formed from them oxidized luminol when stimulated with red light. The new dye conjugates were used in an optically pumped chemiluminescence immunoassay for α‐fetoprotein. These compounds and techniques should also be useful for photodynamic tumor therapy where it is desired to attach a red‐absorbing photoactive dye to antibody protein.
Fire Support Base Defense (1972)

The evaluation of fire support base defense in RVN was conducted by ACTIV during the period 1 September - 15 December 1971, to document the following: the planning factors utilized in the preparation of fire base occupancy; the fortifications, designs, and materials used in the construction of these fortifications; and the defensive tactics and techniques employed in the physical security of the bases once the construction was completed.
Nucleoside H-phosphonates. 12. Synthesis of nucleoside 3'-(hydrogen phosphonothioate) monoesters via phosphinate intermediates (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleoside H-phosphonates. 12. Synthesis of nucleoside 3'-(hydrogen phosphonothioate) monoesters via phosphinate intermediatesJacek Stawinski, Mats Thelin, Erik Westman, and Rula ZainCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 11, 3503–3506Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00298a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00298a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views651Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Speech enhancement with multichannel Wiener filter techniques in multimicrophone binaural hearing aids (2009)

This paper evaluates speech enhancement in binaural multimicrophone hearing aids by noise reduction algorithms based on the multichannel Wiener filter (MWF) and the MWF with partial noise estimate (MWF-N). Both algorithms are specifically developed to combine noise reduction with the preservation of binaural cues. Objective and perceptual evaluations were performed with different speech-in-multitalker-babble configurations in two different acoustic environments. The main conclusions are as follows: (a) A bilateral MWF with perfect voice activity detection equals or outperforms a bilateral adaptive directional microphone in terms of speech enhancement while preserving the binaural cues of the speech component. (b) A significant gain in speech enhancement is found when transmitting one contralateral microphone signal to the MWF active at the ipsilateral hearing aid. Adding a second contralateral microphone showed a significant improvement during the objective evaluations but not in the subset of scenarios tested during the perceptual evaluations. (c) Adding the partial noise estimate to the MWF, done to improve the spatial awareness of the hearing aid user, reduces the amount of speech enhancement in a limited way. In some conditions the MWF-N even outperformed the MWF possibly due to an improved spatial release from masking.
Avoiding deadlock avoidance (2010)

The evolution of processor architectures from single core designs with increasing clock frequencies to multi-core designs with relatively stable clock frequencies has fundamentally altered application design. Since application programmers can no longer rely on clock frequency increases to boost performance, over the last several years, there has been significant emphasis on application level threading to achieve performance gains. A core problem with concurrent programming using threads is the potential for deadlocks. Even well-written codes that spend an inordinate amount of effort in deadlock avoidance cannot always avoid deadlocks, particularly when the order of lock acquisitions is not known a priori. Furthermore, arbitrarily composing lock based codes may result in deadlock - one of the primary motivations for transactional memory. In this paper, we present a language independent runtime system called Sammati that provides automatic deadlock detection and recovery for threaded applications that use the POSIX threads (pthreads) interface - the de facto standard for UNIX systems. The runtime is implemented as a pre-loadable library and does not require either the application source code or recompiling/relinking phases, enabling its use for existing applications with arbitrary multi-threading models. Performance evaluation of the runtime with unmodified SPLASH, Phoenix and synthetic benchmark suites shows that it is scalable, with speedup comparable to baseline execution with modest memory overhead.
Ferroelectric Random Access Memories (2012)

Ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) is a nonvolatile memory, in which data are stored using hysteretic P-E (polarization vs. electric field) characteristics in a ferroelectric film. In this review, history and characteristics of FeRAMs are first introduced. It is described that there are two types of FeRAMs, capacitor-type and FET-type, and that only the capacitor-type FeRAM is now commercially available. In chapter 2, properties of ferroelectric films are discussed from a viewpoint of FeRAM application, in which particular attention is paid to those of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, SrBi2Ta2O9, and BiFeO3. Then, cell structures and operation principle of the capacitor-type FeRAMs are discussed in chapter 3. It is described that the stacked technology of ferroelectric capacitors and development of new materials with large remanent polarization are important for fabricating high-density memories. Finally, in chapter 4, the optimized gate structure in ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistors is discussed and experimental results showing excellent data retention characteristics are presented.
Fetal Oxygen Saturation Monitoring in Labour: An Analysis of 118 Cases (1997)

Fetal oxygen saturation (FSpO2) was recorded during labour to determine the relationship between FSpO2 and indicators of fetal well-being, including umbilical blood gases, xanthine (X), hypoxanthine (Hx) and Apgar scores. This is one of the largest reported series of fetal pulse oximetry, with 118 fetuses monitored for over 329 hours. Mean FSpO2 for all cases was 46.9% (SD = 9.1%). There was no correlation between FSpO2 during the last 10 minutes of monitoring and arterial pH, Hx or X. A mean FSpO2 > or = 30% was associated with a 5 minute Apgar score of > or = 7 in the majority of cases. One fetus had a mean FSpO2 < 30% during the final 10 minutes of monitoring and an umbilical arterial pH < 7.20, while there were 10 fetuses with an umbilical arterial pH < 7.20, and mean FSpO2 > or = 30%. As these numbers are small, a larger series is necessary to further characterize the small number of fetuses who are significantly hypoxic.
Microarray Gene Expression Profiling of B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Subgroups Defined by Genomic Aberrations and <i>VH</i> Mutation Status (2004)

The finding that the most significantly differentially expressed genes are located in the corresponding aberrant chromosomal regions indicates that a gene dosage effect may exert a pathogenic role in B-CLL. The significant difference in the partitioning of male and female B-CLL samples suggests that the genomic signature for the VH mutational status might be sex-related.
Overnight Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol Laxative (2002)

A 68-g dose of PEG laxative seems to provide safe and effective relief in constipated adults within a 24-h period.
Understanding vacuum sewer technology: An alternative collection system (2011)

Previous evidence has indicated that fatigue and a high-fat diet (HFD) cause the adaptive organism responses to be dysregulated, resulting in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Generally, gut microbiota plays a crucial role in GI disorders. However, the impact of fatigue and an HFD on the microbiome and GI disorders remains to be fully explored. Mice were randomly divided into the control group (CCN), standing group (CSD), lard group (CLD), and standing + lard group (CSLD). Mice in the CSD and CSLD groups stood on the multiple-platform apparatus for four h per day for 14 consecutive days. From the eighth day, mice in the CLD and CSLD groups were fed intragastric lard and the CCN and CSD groups were subjected to intragastric treatment with sterile water, 0.4 mL per each, twice a day for seven days. Subsequently, we analyzed the characteristics and interaction relationship of gut content microbiota (GCM), brain-gut peptides, and lipid metabolism. Mice in the CSLD group were in a fatigued state and had diarrhea. Compared with the CCN group, high-density lipoproteins were significantly lower, and the lipid droplet optical density value was substantially higher in the CSLD group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). CSLD mice presented significant structural damage to the small intestine and considerably higher β-endorphin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Gemella</i>, and <i>Bosea</i> were the characteristic bacteria of the CSLD group, and <i>Gemella</i> was significantly negatively correlated with total cholesterol. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and dysregulated lipid metabolism contribute to diarrhea caused by an HFD diet in a fatigued state.
VIRULENCE GENES OF<i>CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS</i> (1998)

Clostridium perfringens causes human gas gangrene and food poisoning as well as several enterotoxemic diseases of animals. The organism is characterized by its ability to produce numerous extracellular toxins including alpha-toxin or phospholipase C, theta-toxin or perfringolysin O, kappa-toxin or collagenase, as well as a sporulation-associated enterotoxin. Although the genes encoding the alpha-toxin and theta-toxin are located on the chromosome, the genes encoding many of the other extracellular toxins are located on large plasmids. The enterotoxin gene can be either chromosomal or plasmid determined. Several of these toxin genes are associated with insertion sequences. The production of many of the extracellular toxins is regulated at the transcriptional level by the products of the virR and virS genes, which together comprise a two-component signal transduction system.
Is flashbulb memory a special instance of source memory? Evidence from older adults (2002)

Flashbulb memories (FMs) are vivid, stable memories for the reception of arousing, consequential news. Although such memories have been found in people of all ages, in the only examination of age differences to date, Cohen, Conway, and Maylor (1994) reported that older adults were less likely than young adults to experience a FM. We hypothesised that FM would be impaired in older adults with reduced frontal lobe (FL) function. To test this hypothesis, we asked older adults, who had been characterised according to FL function, to recall details of the moment that they first heard the news about the deaths of Princess Diana and Mother Teresa. Long-term retention was tested 6 months later. Details concerning the reception of the news about Princess Diana's death were retained better than those associated with Mother Teresa's death. Importantly, there was no evidence that memory for these contextual details was related to FL function. A measure of medial temporal lobe function, derived from neuropsychological tests of episodic memory, was also not associated with memory for the reception events, although it was associated with memory for the details of an everyday autobiographical event. We speculated that emotionally arousing autobiographical memories may be qualitatively different from everyday memories and may involve the amygdala.
Numerische Rechnungen zur Kaskadentheorie Energiebestimmung von π<sup>0</sup>-Mesonen (1954)

Die Anzahl der Elektronen einer Elektronen-Photonenkaskade in Blei wird als Funktion des Abstands vom Schauerursprung für einige Primärenergien E 0 (0,3 bis 300 GeV) numerisch berechnet und zwar für den Fall eines primären Photons bzw. Elektrons der Energie E 0 und für ein primäres Spektrum von Photonen, wie es aus den beim Stoß zweier Nukleonen erzeugten π 0 -Mesonen durch π 0 -2y-Zerfall entsteht. Die zugrunde gelegte Theorie der Elektronen-Photonenkaskade wurde in einer früheren Arbeit 1 dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse über die Elektronenverteilung in durchdringenden Schauern gestatten z. B. aus Nebelkammeraufnahmen 2 solcher Schauer den Energieinhalt der dabei erzeugten π 0 -Mesonen zu bestimmen. Außerdem wurde die von einem Photonenspektrum vom Bremsstrahltyp ausgelöste Elektronenkaskade berechnet und mit den Messungen von Blocker, Kenney und Panofsky 3 verglichen. Zum Schluß wurde noch die Möglichkeit zur Energiemessung diskutiert, wenn die Teilchenzahl im Schauerkern so groß ist, daß sie nicht mehr ausgezählt werden kann.
Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta: Case Report and Review of the Literature (2012)

We report a case of a 63-year-old man hospitalized for a polymorphous generalized eruption consisting of maculopapules with peripheral scaling, vesicopustules, and ulceronecrotic and crusted lesions measuring 5-20 mm, localized on his trunk and extremities, particularly exuberant in the flexural area. Histopathology showed necrotic keratinocytes with exocytosis of red blood cells and lymphocytes and a dermal perivascular and periadnexal inflammatory infiltrate, composed of CD8+/CD4-/CD30- T cells, indicating the clinical diagnosis of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta. He was treated with erythromycin and methylprednisolone reduced gradually over 5 months, with a slow but complete response; the patient was without lesions after 2 years of follow-up. The authors want to remind of this rare entity which may present difficulties in diagnosis and therapy.
Complex multipole beam approach to electromagnetic scattering problems (1994)

A novel approach to reducing the matrix size associated with the method of moments (MoM) solution of the problem of electromagnetic scattering from arbitrary shaped closed bodies is presented. The key step in this approach is to represent the scattered field in terms of a series of beams produced by multipole sources located in a complex space. On the scatterer boundary, the fields generated by these multipole sources resemble the Gabor basis functions. By utilizing the properties of the Gabor series, guidelines for selecting the orders as well as locations of the multipole sources are developed. It is shown that the present approach not only reduces the number of unknowns, but also generates a generalized impedance matrix with a banded structure and a low condition number. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing the numerical results with those derived by using the method of moments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactions between 1-Methyl-2-Phenyl-3-Nitrosoindole, Activated with Benzoyl Chloride, with Indole and Indolizine Derivatives as Nucleophiles: A Case of 1,3-Migration (1999)

2-Phenyl-3-nitrosoindole activated with PhCOCI reacts with indoles and indolizines (NuH) affording products of 1,2-addiction which undergo 1,3-nucleophilic migration in acid media.
Novel, Broad-Spectrum Anticonvulsants Containing a Sulfamide Group: Advancement of <i>N</i> -((Benzo[ <i>b</i> ]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into Human Clinical Studies (2009)

In seeking broad-spectrum anticonvulsants to treat epilepsy and other neurological disorders, we synthesized and tested a group of sulfamide derivatives (4a-k, 5), which led to the clinical development of 4a (JNJ-26990990). This compound exhibited excellent anticonvulsant activity in rodents against audiogenic, electrically induced, and chemically induced seizures, with very weak inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-II (IC(50) = 110 microM). The pharmacological profile for 4a supports its potential in the treatment of multiple forms of epilepsy, including pharmacoresistant variants. Mechanistically, 4a inhibited voltage-gated Na(+) channels and N-type Ca(2+) channels but was not effective as a K(+) channel opener. The pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties of 4a are discussed.
Protecting the genome: defence against nucleotide glycation and emerging role of glyoxalase I overexpression in multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy (2003)

Glycation of nucleotides in DNA forms AGEs (advanced glycation end-products). Nucleotide AGEs are: the imidazopurinone derivative dG-G [3-(2'-deoxyribosyl)-6,7-dihydro-6,7-dihydroxyimidazo[2,3-b]purin-9(8)one], CMdG ( N (2)-carboxymethyldeoxyguanosine) and gdC (5-glycolyldeoxycytidine) derived from glyoxal, dG-MG [6,7-dihydro-6,7-dihydroxy-6-methylimidazo-[2,3-b]purine-9(8)one], dG-MG(2) [ N (2),7-bis-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)deoxyguanosine] and CEdG [ N (2)-(1-carboxyethyl)deoxyguanosine] derived from methylglyoxal, and dG-3DG [ N (2)-(1-oxo-2,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexyl)deoxyguanosine] derived from 3-deoxyglucosone and others. Glyoxal and methylglyoxal induce multi-base deletions, and base-pair substitutions - mostly occurring at G:C sites with G:C-->C:G and G:C-->T:A transversions. Suppression of nucleotide glycation by glyoxalase I and aldehyde reductases and dehydrogenases, and base excision repair, protects and recovers DNA from damaging glycation. The effects of DNA glycation may be most marked in diabetes and uraemia. Mutations arising from DNA glycation may explain the link of non-dietary carbohydrate intake to incidence of colorectal cancer. Overexpression of glyoxalase I was found in drug-resistant tumour cells and may be an example of an undesirable effect of the enzymatic protection against DNA glycation. Experimental overexpression of glyoxalase I conferred resistance to drug-induced apoptosis. Glyoxalase I-mediated drug resistance was found in human leukaemia and lung carcinoma cells. Methylglyoxal-mediated glycation of DNA may contribute to the cytotoxicity of some antitumour agents as a consequence of depletion of NAD(+) by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, marked increases in triosephosphate concentration and increased formation of methylglyoxal. S - p -Bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester is a cell-permeable glyoxalase I inhibitor. It countered drug resistance and was a potent antitumour agent against lung and prostate carcinoma. Glyoxalase I overexpression was also found in invasive ovarian cancer and breast cancer.
Innate Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: The Next Breakthrough in Medical Oncology? (2021)

While immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of many types of advanced cancer, most patients still do not derive benefit. The currently available immune checkpoint inhibitors target the adaptive immune system, generating a T-cell antitumor response. However, an antitumor immune response depends on a complex interplay of both innate and adaptive immune cells. The innate immune system is a promising new target, and innate immune checkpoint inhibitors can disrupt inhibitory interactions ("don't eat me" signals) between tumor and both phagocytes and natural killer cells. The checkpoint inhibitor may also provide a stimulatory interaction ("eat me" signal), or this can be achieved through use of combination therapy. This generates antitumor effector functions including phagocytosis, natural cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent effects, and synergistic activation of the adaptive immune system via antigen presentation. This is a rapidly expanding area of drug development, either alone or in combination (with anticancer antibodies or adaptive immune checkpoint inhibitors). Here, we comprehensively review the mechanism of action and up-to-date solid tumor clinical trial data of the drugs targeting phagocytosis checkpoints (SIRPα/CD47, LILRB1/MHC-I, and LILRB2/MHC-I) and natural killer-cell checkpoints (TIGIT/CD112 + CD155, PVRIG/CD112, KIRs/MHC-I, and NKG2A-CD94/HLA-E). Innate immune checkpoint inhibitors could once again revolutionize immune-based cancer therapies.
Calcium: a crucial consideration in serum‐free keratinocyte culture (1995)

This investigation was conducted when previously repeatable experimental data became impossible to reproduce when using keratinocytes cultured in serum-free medium. Differences in calcium molarity between batches of medium were identified as a source of variation in cultured keratinocyte populations. The susceptibility of cultured keratinocytes to even small alterations in calcium molarity has been demonstrated. 2 regular medium batches were compared with a special preparation of medium, devoid of calcium chloride then supplemented with a known concentration of calcium ions. Culture progress in each medium was assessed by: morphological observation, % cells expressing involucrin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cell attachment, growth rate and colony forming efficiency. In order to control the phenotype of cultured keratinocytes, in a reproducible system, it is recommended that serum-free keratinocytes medium is purchased with the omission of calcium chloride. Supplementation of this medium may then be made by the investigator to suit individual culture requirements.
STIL persistence (2006)

The standard test interface language (STIL; IEEE Std. 1450-1999) supports multiple types of data persistence. The purpose of data persistence is to provide mechanisms for data reduction, and to support uniform interpretation of STIL data. However these behaviors warrant an in-depth examination to eliminate misconceptions from affecting a STIL test flow.
Depolarization of polarized light caused by high altitude clouds 2: Depolarization of lidar induced by water clouds (1989)

A model for calculation of the depolarization of a laser beam propagating through a water cloud is described, in which multiple scattering up to sixth order is included using a Monte Carlo technique. The influence of beam geometry, drop size distribution, and cloud extinction coefficient on the depolarization is discussed. Good agreement between calculated and measured profiles of the depolarization observed in water clouds has been obtained.