gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Photoluminescence of Green‐Emitting Phosphors SrGa<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>: Eu. (2014)

Abstract The photoluminescent properties of the title phosphor as a green emitting candidate for phosphor‐converted three‐band white LEDs are examined.
Stomatal Development (2007)

Stomata are cellular epidermal valves in plants central to gas exchange and biosphere productivity. The pathways controlling their formation are best understood for Arabidopsis thaliana where stomata are produced through a series of divisions in a dispersed stem cell compartment. The stomatal pathway is an accessible system for analyzing core developmental processes including position-dependent patterning via intercellular signaling and the regulation of the balance between proliferation and cell specification. This review synthesizes what is known about the mechanisms and genes underlying stomatal development. We contrast the functions of genes that act earlier in the pathway, including receptors, kinases, and proteases, with those that act later in the cell lineage. In addition, we discuss the relationships between environmental signals, stomatal development genes, and the capacity for controlling shoot gas exchange.
Comparison of Full Wavefield Synthetics with Frequency-Dependent Traveltimes Calculated Using Wavelength-Dependent Velocity Smoothing (2017)

ABSTRACT Ray theory-based traveltime calculation that assumes infinitely high frequency wave propagation is likely to be invalid in the near-surface (upper tens of meters) due to the relatively large seismic wavelength compared with the total travel path lengths and the scale of the near-surface velocity heterogeneities. The wavelength-dependent velocity smoothing (WDVS) algorithm calculates a frequency-dependent, first-arrival traveltime by assuming that using a wavelength-smoothed velocity model and conventional ray theory is equivalent to using the original unsmoothed model and a frequency-dependent calculation. This paper presents comparisons of WDVS-calculated traveltimes with band-limited full wavefield synthetics including the results from 1) different velocity models, 2) different frequency spectra, 3) different values of a free parameter in the WDVS algorithm, and 4) different levels of added noise to the synthetics. The results show that WDVS calculates frequency-dependent traveltimes that are generally consistent with the first arrivals from band-limited full wavefield synthetics. Compared to infinite-frequency traveltimes calculated using conventional ray theory, the WDVS frequency-dependent traveltimes are more consistent with the first arrivals picked from full wavefield synthetics in terms of absolute time and trace-to-trace variation. The results support the use of WDVS as the forward modeling component of a tomographic inversion method, or any seismic method that involves modeling first-arrival traveltimes.
Adsorbing Sulfur Dioxide on Dry Ion Exchange Resins (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorbing Sulfur Dioxide on Dry Ion Exchange ResinsRobert Cole and H. L. ShulmanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1960, 52, 10, 859–860Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50610a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (246 KB) Get e-Alerts
Systematic evaluation of medium-throughput mRNA abundance platforms (2012)

Profiling of mRNA abundances with high-throughput platforms such as microarrays and RNA-seq has become an important tool in both basic and biomedical research. However, these platforms remain prone to systematic errors and have challenges in clinical and industrial applications. As a result, it is standard practice to validate a subset of key results using alternate technologies. Similarly, clinical and industrial applications typically involve transitions from a high-throughput discovery platform to medium-throughput validation ones. These medium-throughput validation platforms have high technical reproducibility and reduced sample input needs, and low sensitivity to sample quality (e.g., for processing FFPE specimens). Unfortunately, while medium-throughput platforms have proliferated, there are no comprehensive comparisons of them. Here we fill that gap by comparing two key medium-throughput platforms--NanoString's nCounter Analysis System and ABI's OpenArray System--to gold-standard quantitative real-time RT-PCR. We quantified 38 genes and positive and negative controls in 165 samples. Signal:noise ratios, correlations, dynamic range, and detection accuracy were compared across platforms. All three measurement technologies showed good concordance, but with divergent price/time/sensitivity trade-offs. This study provides the first detailed comparison of medium-throughput RNA quantification platforms and provides a template and a standard data set for the evaluation of additional technologies.
One‐Step Synthesis of a Fourfold Functionalized Catenane (1992)

One of the simplest catenane syntheses is the reaction described here providing tetra-methoxycatenane 1 (R = OCH3). This catenane is conformationally less flexible than its known, unsubstituted analogue (R = H): in the 1H NMR spectrum of 1 the two signals arising from the OCH3 groups indicate a fixed conformation with inner and outer methoxy groups.
In Vitro Study of the Release Properties of Soy−Zein Protein Microspheres with a Dynamic Artificial Digestive System (2010)

The purpose of this work was to study the performance of microspheres of soy protein isolate (SPI), zein, or SPI-zein complex as vehicles of nutraceutical delivery under fasting and prandial conditions in an artificial digestive system (TIM-1). Riboflavin availability for absorption from the small intestine compartments reached 90% of the total load within 4 h, most of it (65-80%) turning up in the jejunum dialysis fluid, suggesting that this segment is the main site of absorption, regardless of the nature of the microspheres. However, the riboflavin concentrations and the availability for absorption profiles depended on microsphere formulation. Release from pure SPI and zein microspheres in the stomach compartment occurred within 15 min. The availability for absorption from both the jejunum and ileum compartment followed first-order kinetics, indicating that the limiting step in nutrient uptake with these two formulations is absorption by passive diffusion. SPI-zein complex microspheres provided sustained release of riboflavin over 4 h and a near-zero-order nutrient availability for absorption profile in both fasting and prandial states. Suspending SPI-zein complex microspheres in yogurt significantly delayed nutrient release, which would increase the likelihood of gastric-sensitive nutrients passing intact into the intestine for absorption. SPI-zein complex microspheres thus show potential for use as nutraceutical delivery vehicles in the creation of novel functional foods.
Characterization of the B‐cell inhibitory protein factor in <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> tick saliva: a potential role in enhanced <i>Borrelia burgdoferi</i> transmission (2004)

We recently described the inhibition of host B lymphocytes by Ixodes ricinus tick saliva. In this study, we characterized the factor responsible for this activity and examined the modulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein (Osp)-induced proliferation of naive murine B lymphocytes by an enriched fraction of this factor. The B-lymphocyte inhibitory activity was destroyed by trypsin treatment, indicating that a proteinaceous factor was responsible for this activity. The removal of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) from tick salivary glands extracts (SGE) showed that this B-cell inhibitory protein (BIP) was not a GST. Gel filtration liquid chromatography indicated that BIP has a native molecular weight of approximately 18,000. An enrichment protocol, using a combination of anion-exchange and reverse-phase liquid chromatography, was established. BIP-enriched fractions did not suppress T-cell proliferation. Delayed addition of BIP-enriched fractions, up to 7 hr after LPS addition, inhibited the proliferation of isolated B cells. BIP-enriched fractions dramatically inhibited both OspA- and OspC-induced proliferation of isolated B cells. These results strongly suggest that BIP may facilitate B. burgdorferi transmission by preventing B-cell activation, and also highlights the potential of BIP as a therapeutic agent in B-cell maladies.
<title>Development of chemical sensors using plastic optical fiber</title> (1991)

Several chemical sensors have been developed using plastic optical fibers. Plastic optical fibers offer many advantages over glass fibers, such as high numerical aperture, low-cost, high flexibility, and ruggedness. The sensing segment is made of novel porous polymer fiber, combined with selective chemical indications systems. By careful selection of polymer systems and indicators, the chemical reagents can be covalently bonded to the porous plastic fiber. These sensors can be used to detect a variety of chemical species and to measure various chemical parameters, both in vapor and solution. They provide high sensitivity and stability. Sensor characteristics, including dynamic range, linearity, and response time, can be tailored to meet specific applications by altering the polymer composition and polymerization procedure. A low-cost, compact optoelectronic and data acquisition subsystem has been designed and constructed to interface with the sensor probe. This system employs two- wavelength, solid-state light sources, which allow the system to be calibrated on-line.
A Contested Workplace: Situating New Zealand's OHSM Regulatory Practice within the Literature - an Introduction to the Policy History and Regulatory Debates (2008)

The implementation of New Zealand's Occupational Health and Safety Management (OHSM) regulatory regime has been subjected to sustained critique by the National Occupational Health and Safety Advisory Committee (NOHSAC). The most recent critique focuses upon the perceived inadequacies of current standards and guidance documents about what occupational health and safety management systems (OHSM systems) best practice means for employers. This paper provides an introduction to the literature, history, and policy debates about occupational health and safety (OHS) regulatory practice in advanced western nations. New insights in the recent literature pointing to the importance of understanding 'regulatory character' and the overlapping and often conflicting regulatory nature of the workplace space are identified. The insights raise questions about the role of a workers' compensation scheme in promoting workplace safety, and suggest that in order to implement a best practice OHS regulatory regime in New Zealand action on a number of fronts is required.
Splitting methods for monotone operators with applications to parallel optimization (1989)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1989.
Rotor Smoothing and Vibration Monitoring Results for the US Army VMEP (2009)

Abstract : Automated systems to perform aircraft diagnostics and prognostics are of current interest. Development of those systems requires large amounts of data (collection, monitoring, manipulation) to capture and characterize fault events, and to ensure data is captured early-on in a fault progression to support prognostic system development. Continuous data collection is also required to capture relatively rare, potentially catastrophic events. Data collected can then be analyzed to assist in the development of automated systems and for continuous updating of algorithms to improve detection, classification, and prognostic performance. A test-bed is being developed in collaboration with the US Air Force and Army to perform data collection, and develop diagnostic and prognostic processing techniques using Army helicopter vibration and engine performance data as part of the Army's Vibration Management Enhancement Program (VMEP). The field system and the testbed being developed for collection and processing of VMEP data are described here.
Aberrant allele frequencies of the SNPs located in microRNA target sites are potentially associated with human cancers (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding small RNAs that regulate gene expression by base pairing with target mRNAs at the 3'-terminal untranslated regions (3'-UTRs), leading to mRNA cleavage or translational repression. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at miRNA-binding sites (miRNA-binding SNPs) are likely to affect the expression of the miRNA target and may contribute to the susceptibility of humans to common diseases. We herein performed a genome-wide analysis of SNPs located in the miRNA-binding sites of the 3'-UTR of various human genes. We found that miRNA-binding SNPs are negatively selected in respect to SNP distribution between the miRNA-binding 'seed' sequence and the entire 3'-UTR sequence. Furthermore, we comprehensively defined the expression of each miRNA-binding SNP in cancers versus normal tissues through mining EST databases. Interestingly, we found that some miRNA-binding SNPs exhibit significant different allele frequencies between the human cancer EST libraries and the dbSNP database. More importantly, using human cancer specimens against the dbSNP database for case-control association studies, we found that twelve miRNA-binding SNPs indeed display an aberrant allele frequency in human cancers. Hence, SNPs located in miRNA-binding sites affect miRNA target expression and function, and are potentially associated with cancers.
Cytokine Expression in Normal and Inflamed Esophageal Mucosa: A Study into the Pathogenesis of Allergic Eosinophilic Esophagitis (2005)

Our data suggests that AEE is primarily an IL-5 selective TH2 response, with a possible TH1 component, and a differential role of eosinophilic chemoattractants. The role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of AEE needs additional study.
Mechanisms for highly ionized magnetron sputtering (1995)

A simple model for ionization of sputtered metals by a high-density plasma is presented. Experimentally, ion flux fractions of greater than 80% can be obtained by sputtering aluminum into a region of dense plasma (ne∼1012 cm−3). Such a process has important applications in the filling of high-aspect-ratio features encountered in microelectronics fabrication. Both electron-impact and Penning ionization mechanisms are considered in this model. Under conditions of low electron density (ne≪1011 cm−3), Penning ionization is found to be the dominant ionization path. This is consistent with the accepted ionization mechanism for conventional diode sputtering. When high electron densities are generated, however, electron-impact ionization plays a significant ionization role. Langmuir probe measurements of the inductively coupled plasma indicate that the electron density lies between 2×1011 and 2×1012 cm−3. The model, in combination with measured plasma density, is used to calculate ion fractions. Modeled and experimentally measured aluminum ion fractions compare favorably. The effects of chamber dimensions, argon pressure, and sputtered metal density are investigated and shown to be important in optimizing the ionization fraction.
Frequency offset and I/Q imbalance compensation for direct-conversion receivers (2005)

Two types of wireless system imperfections, namely, frequency offset and in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance, are addressed in this paper. The I/Q imbalance in radio frequency (RF) direct-conversion not only introduces an unwanted in-band image interference but also degrades the accuracy of carrier estimation. Toward this end, we propose a pilot-based scheme for both frequency offset and I/Q imbalance compensation at the baseband. A low-cost nonlinear least squares (NLS) frequency estimator robust to the I/Q imbalance is developed. Also derived is an I/Q imbalance compensation structure that consists of two stages: a finite impulse response (FIR) filter that compensates the frequency dependent imbalance; and an asymmetric phase compensator that corrects the frequency independent error. The compensation coefficients are optimized by exploiting the phase rotation embedded in the pilot symbols. Both computer simulations and experiment results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in various I/Q imbalance scenarios.
A New Loopback GSM/DCS Bit Error Rate Test Method On Baseband I/Q Outputs (2001)

The Bit Error Rate (BER) evaluation in one of the key parameters to reach QoS (Quality of Service) requirement of modern digital communication of the next generation (3 and 4G). This paper presents a new loopback BER Test (BERT) method based on measurements on baseband IQ outputs. The interest of this method is that it allows quantifying separately from digital stage, the RF stage influence on BER performances. This test principle has been validated introducing 4 instruments in the loop plus a GSM/DCS monochip as device under test. Unfortunately at the moment, one of the instruments capabilities limits the bit rate to one third of demodulation bandwidth, i.e. 200kHz. Replacing this instrument by a pure digital demodulator in the loop will eliminate this restriction in the future. So any kind of baseband IQ BERT could be performed using that method.
A comparison of high-availability media recovery techniques (1989)

We compare two high-availability techniques for recovery from media failures in database systems. Both techniques achieve high availability by having two copies of all data and indexes, so that recovery is immediate. “Mirrored declustering” spreads two copies of each relation across two identical sets of disks. “Interleaved declustering” spreads two copies of each relation across one set of disks while keeping both copies of each tuple on separate disks. Both techniques pay the same costs of doubling storage requirements and requiring updates to be applied to both copies.
Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Irreversible Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease Inhibitors. 4. Incorporation of P<sub>1</sub> Lactam Moieties as <scp>l</scp>-Glutamine Replacements (1999)

The structure-based design, chemical synthesis, and biological evaluation of various human rhinovirus (HRV) 3C protease (3CP) inhibitors which incorporate P1 lactam moieties in lieu of an L-glutamine residue are described. These compounds are comprised of a tripeptidyl or peptidomimetic binding determinant and an ethyl propenoate Michael acceptor moiety which forms an irreversible covalent adduct with the active site cysteine residue of the 3C enzyme. The P1-lactam-containing inhibitors display significantly increased 3CP inhibition activity along with improved antirhinoviral properties relative to corresponding L-glutamine-derived molecules. In addition, several lactam-containing compounds exhibit excellent selectivity for HRV 3CP over several other serine and cysteine proteases and are not appreciably degraded by a variety of biological agents. One of the most potent inhibitors (AG7088, mean antirhinoviral EC90 approximately 0.10 microM, n = 46 serotypes) is shown to warrant additional preclinical development to explore its potential for use as an antirhinoviral agent.
Very Efficient Training of Convolutional Neural Networks using Fast Fourier Transform and Overlap-and-Add (2015)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are currently state-of-the-art for various classification tasks, but are computationally expensive. Propagating through the convolutional layers is very slow, as each kernel in each layer must sequentially calculate many dot products for a single forward and backward propagation which equates to $\mathcal{O}(N^{2}n^{2})$ per kernel per layer where the inputs are $N \times N$ arrays and the kernels are $n \times n$ arrays. Convolution can be efficiently performed as a Hadamard product in the frequency domain. The bottleneck is the transformation which has a cost of $\mathcal{O}(N^{2}\log_2 N)$ using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). However, the increase in efficiency is less significant when $N\gg n$ as is the case in CNNs. We mitigate this by using the "overlap-and-add" technique reducing the computational complexity to $\mathcal{O}(N^2\log_2 n)$ per kernel. This method increases the algorithm's efficiency in both the forward and backward propagation, reducing the training and testing time for CNNs. Our empirical results show our method reduces computational time by a factor of up to 16.3 times the traditional convolution implementation for a 8 $\times$ 8 kernel and a 224 $\times$ 224 image.
Human Antiserum for Prevention of the Local Shwartzman Reaction and Death from Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (1973)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides from dead bacteria have been blamed for the continuing high mortality from gram-negative infections despite antibiotic treatment. Because animal antiserum against these lipopolysaccharides has been shown to protect against several of the effects of endotoxin, we undertook the development of antiserum in human subjects. 21 men were immunized with a single injection of Salmonclla typhimurium or Escherichia coli 0:111 heat-killed cells and immune serum was collected at 2 wk. Preimmune serum was obtained as a control in all animal experiments. 1 ml antiserum given intravenously protected mice against a lethal intravenous dose of homologous endotoxin (P < 0.005 for both antisera). E. coli antiserum reduced the incidence of positive local Shwartzman reactions with E. coli endotoxin from 100 to 38%; S. typhimurium antiserum reduced the incidence from 92 to 35%. (P < 0.0005 for both antisera). There was no protection against heterologous endotoxin in either animal model. These experiments demonstrate for the first time that human antiserum confers exceedingly potent passive immunity to the effects of endotoxin.
The Influence of Hardarian Gland Removal and Fur Lipid Removal on Heat Loss and Water Flux to and from the Skin of Muskrats, Ondotra zibethicus (1984)

The Hardarian gland (an apocrine organ located behind the eye) was removed from one group of muskrats. Another group of muskrats was anesthetized and shampooed. The fur of shampooed and Hardarianectomized muskrats did not appear to repel water as effectively as sham control animals. Both shampooed and Hardarianectomized muskrats had higher rates of heat loss while submerged in a 4 C water bath than sham control animals. The magnitude of heat loss was less for the Hardarianectomized muskrats. Hardarianectomized and shampooed muskrats had elevated rates of evaporative water loss with an estimated cutaneous water loss of 52% and 66% of total evaporative water loss for Hardarianectomized and shampooed muskrats compared with 41 % for control animals. Coating the fur of muskrats with mineral oil tended to retard evaporative water loss. It appears that the Hardarian gland is an effective source of lipids which may be spread onto the fur from the nasal duct by both self and communal grooming. This lipid coat appears to help retard heat loss as well as water flux to and from the skin.