gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermolecular Interactions and the Structure of Fatty Acid−Soap Crystals (2000)

Single crystals of NaHP2 (sodium hydrogen dipalmitate) have been prepared from mixtures of NaP (sodium palmitate) and HP (palmitic acid) in ethanol. The phase compound crystallizes in the P21/a space group, with a = 9.906 Å, b = 7.163 Å, c = 45.580 Å, β = 92.78°, and 4 molecules per unit cell. The arrangement of the headgroups is unique among known soap and fatty acid structures by accommodating both hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Carboxylate and acid-like pairs couple perpendicular to the bilayer to accommodate a “short” hydrogen bond, and the sodium is shared among laterally adjacent carboxylate anions to create a pseudo-six-member ring, which adds to the crystal stability. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations establish a set of interaction parameters to describe the structure and energetics of acid−carboxylate bonds, which accounts for the solid-state miscibility of HP and NaP. Infrared data, collected by ATR-FTIR on very pure, powdered NaH2P3, Na2H3P5, and NaHP2 acid−soap standards reveal peculiar changes in the carbonyl and hydroxyl spectral regions. These spectra were analyzed on the basis of crystal structure and MD simulation data.
Efficient Field-Scale Simulation of Black Oil in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir via Discrete Fracture Networks and Homogenized Media (2006)

Abstract This paper describes a hybrid finite volume method, designed to simulate multi-phase flow in a field-scale naturally fractured reservoir. Lee et al. (WRR 37:443-455, 2001) developed a hierarchical approach in which the permeability contribution from short fractures is derived in an analytical expression and that from medium fractures is numerically solved using a boundary element method. The long fractures are modeled explicitly as major fluid conduits. Reservoirs with well-developed naturally fractures include many complex fracture networks that cannot be easily modeled by simple long fracture formulation and/or homogenized single continuity model. We thus propose a numerically efficient hybrid method in which small and medium fractures are modeled by effective permeability and large fractures are modeled by discrete fracture networks. A simple, systematic way is devised to calculate transport parameters between fracture networks and discretized, homogenized media. An efficient numerical algorithm is also devised to solve the dual system of fracture network and finite volume grid. Black oil formulation is implemented in the simulator to demonstrate practical applications of this hybrid finite volume method.
Mechanosensitive Self-Replication Driven by Self-Organization (2010)

Self-replicating molecules are likely to have played an important role in the origin of life, and a small number of fully synthetic self-replicators have already been described. Yet it remains an open question which factors most effectively bias the replication toward the far-from-equilibrium distributions characterizing even simple organisms. We report here two self-replicating peptide-derived macrocycles that emerge from a small dynamic combinatorial library and compete for a common feedstock. Replication is driven by nanostructure formation, resulting from the assembly of the peptides into fibers held together by beta sheets. Which of the two replicators becomes dominant is influenced by whether the sample is shaken or stirred. These results establish that mechanical forces can act as a selection pressure in the competition between replicators and can determine the outcome of a covalent synthesis.
Efficacy of Imidacloprid in the Control of Thaumastocoris peregrinus on Eucalyptus scoparia in Sydney, Australia (2009)

Thaumastocoris peregrinus, an Australian native, is a new and serious pest of urban eucalypts planted in Sydney and commercial centers of Australia. In recent years, it has spread to and attained pest status in South African Eucalyptus plantations and, more recently, has been discovered in Argentina and Uruguay. Mature Eucalyptus scoparia street trees, growing in a southern Sydney suburb, were microinjected with imidacloprid at three concentrations and monitored for three years. The abundance of T. peregrinus on treated eucalypts declined significantly compared to untreated trees over this time. Further, at the lowest concentration of chemical this insect was effectively controlled for two years. Imidacloprid (SilvaShield®; Bayer Environmental Science) has been registered in Australia for the control of T. peregrinus.
A laser Doppler velocimeter for surface velocity measurement (1979)

The velocimeter described is intended for measuring given lengths of iron wire in a rolling mill. The device is based on the conventional local oscillator heterodyne mode. To prevent the disappearance of the Doppler signal caused by movements of the wire in a direction perpendicular to the wire and laser beam, a broadening of the beam by means of a cylindrical lens is also proposed. The maximum Doppler frequency of the system is about 50 MHz, and the corresponding surface velocity is 66 m s-1 at a measurement angle of 14 degrees .
Purification and properties of T4 phage thymidylate synthetase produced by the cloned gene in an amplification vector. (1983)

We have introduced the T4 thymidylate synthetase gene, resident in a 2.7-kilobase EcoRI restriction fragment, into an amplification plasmid, pKC30. By regulating expression of this gene from the phage lambda pL promoter within pKC30 in a thyA host containing a temperature-sensitive lambda repressor, the T4 synthetase could be amplified about 200-fold over that after T4 infection. At this stage, a 20-fold purification was required to obtain homogeneous enzyme, mainly by an affinity column procedure. The purified plasmid-amplified T4 synthetase appeared to be identical with the T2 phage synthetase purified from phage-infected Escherichia coli in molecular weight, amino end group analysis, and immunochemical reactivity. The individual nature of the phage and host proteins was revealed by the fact that neither the T2 nor the T4 enzyme reacted with antibody to the E. coli synthetase, nor did antibody to the phage enzymes react with the E. coli synthetase. These differences were corroborated by DNA hybridization experiments, which revealed the absence of apparent homology between the T4 and E. coli synthetase genes. The techniques and genetic constructions described support the feasibility of employing similar amplification methods to prepare highly purified thymidylate synthetases from other sources.
Efficacy of aqueous garlic extract on growth, aflatoxin B1 production, and Cyto-morphological aberrations of Aspergillus flavus, causing human ophthalmic infection: topical treatment of A. flavus keratitis (2012)

By using agar well diffusion assay, antifungal activity of aqueous extract prepared from Egyptian garlic (Allium sativum L.) was evaluated in vitro against two strains of Aspergillus flavus (OC1 and OC10) causing human ocular infection. The recorded minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for growth inhibition of both strains was 3.60 mg/ml. Aqueous garlic extract (AGE) was used in successive in vivo tests as an attempt to cure rabbit's fungal keratitis caused by A. flavus OC1. Findings showed that diluted preparation of AGE was effective topical antifungal agent and succeeded to cure severe A. flavus keratitis in a time course less than 10 days without any observable side effects. Microscopic examination showed that AGE induced deleterious cyto-morphological aberrations inA. flavus target cells. AGE applied to Czapek's broth via contact method was more effective on growth, spores and aflatoxin B1 production than AGE applied to the same broth at the same concentration via fumigation method.
Reissert Compound Studies. XII. Synthesis of O-Methyldauricine<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReissert Compound Studies. XII. Synthesis of O-Methyldauricine1Frank D. Popp, Harry W. Gibson, and Adria Catala NobleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 7, 2296–2299Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01345a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (570 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Adaptive bandwidth balancing on DQDB networks (2003)

The bandwidth balancing (BWB) scheme has been used on distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) networks to improve the fairness of bandwidth allocation. Flexible dynamic bandwidth allocation can be achieved by using nonuniform BWB modular values. However, the local load condition in each station is ignored. The authors change the BWB scheme to be adaptive based on the local traffic intensity in each station. No additional hardware is required except a simple queue length monitor. The fairness of access delay time for heavily loaded networks is improved, while the original static BWB scheme remains more effective for lower load levels. The transient time for reaching throughput steady state is reduced at the cost of some overshooting. Variations of adaptive BWB schemes are discussed and analyzed numerically.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
LCST-type liquid–liquid phase separation behaviour of poly(ethylene oxide) derivatives in an ionic liquid (2008)

We present a new series of polymer-ionic liquid solutions exhibiting LCST-type liquid-liquid phase separation behaviour, and reveal their phase behaviour and intermolecular interactions based on phase diagrams and NMR analysis.
[Evaluation of a DNA probe test for the detection of Legionella SPP]. (1991)

Seventeen suspension of Legionella pneumophila and ten of Legionella bozemanii in saline or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were tested using the Gen Probe technique. The detection threshold was found to be 10(3)-10(4) CFU/ml. Specificity and sensitivity were evaluated by using the probe on 8 suspensions of bacteria other than Legionella and by performing a comparative study of the probe test, direct immunofluorescence and culture with 103 specimens (BAL fluid in most instances) from 92 patients with possible legionellosis. Sensitivity was found to be acceptable (3 of the 4 culture-positive specimens were positive by the probe test) and specificity was 100% despite the fact that most (80/99) BAL specimens were not sterile and regardless of the cutoff level used to define positivity. The advantages of the DNA probe test, including rapidity, simplicity and objectivity, should be weighed against its disadvantage, i.e., only acceptable sensitivity and use of radioactivity.
A Software Defined by Radio (2006)

Software defined radio (SDR) is a new approach for military radio systems. This new radio paradigm supports multiple channels with simultaneous waveforms, providing a new level of scalability and flexibility to the user, and allows for rapid technology insertion as it becomes available. This paper explores the insertion of legacy high frequency (HF) waveforms to one channel of a software defined radio with a focus on manpack radio (MPR) specific needs. The paper includes both software and hardware aspects of the complete radio system design. The paper will investigate hardware technology limits with respect to size, weight, power consumption, cost, and radio performance. The paper will look at the unique aspects of the HF communications that directly affect the software defined radio architecture.
<i>In vivo</i> selection of genetically modified erythroblastic progenitors leads to long-term correction of β-thalassemia (2008)

Gene therapy for beta-thalassemia requires stable transfer of a beta-globin gene into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and high and regulated hemoglobin expression in the erythroblastic progeny. We developed an erythroid-specific lentiviral vector driving the expression of the human beta-globin gene from a minimal promoter/enhancer element containing two hypersensitive sites from the beta-globin locus control region. Transplantation of transduced HSCs into thalassemic mice leads to stable and long-term correction of anemia with all red blood cells expressing the transgene. A frequency of 30-50% of transduced HSCs, harboring an average vector copy number per cell of 1, was sufficient to fully correct the thalassemic phenotype. In the mouse model of Cooley's anemia transplantation of transduced cells rescues lethality, leading to either a normal or a thalassemia intermedia phenotype. We show that genetically corrected erythroblasts undergo in vivo selection with preferential survival of progenitors harboring proviral integrations in genome sites more favorable to high levels of vector-derived expression. These data provide a rationale for a gene therapy approach to beta-thalassemia based on partially myeloablative transplantation protocols.
[The effect of vinpocetine on brain glucose uptake in mice]. (1982)

The effects of vinpocetine and ifenprodil on the brain glucose uptake were studied in mice using a glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose-14C, as a tracer of glucose. The brain glucose uptake was 1.42 +/- 0.06 mg/g/10 min (n = 8, Mean +/- SEM) in fasted control mice (5 ml/kg of 2% ascorbic acid). Thirty min after 5 and 20 mg/kg (p.o.) of vinpocetine, the uptake was increased to 106 +/- 6% (n = 9, P greater than 0.05) and 115 +/- 5% (n = 9, P less than 0.05) of the control value, respectively. The uptake was not increased by oral administration of 5 and 20 mg/kg of ifenprodil tartrate. Ten min after intraperitoneal injection of 1 and 5 mg/kg of vinpocetine, the glucose uptake was increased to 106 +/- 5% (n = 10, P greater than 0.05) and 112 +/- 4% (n = 10, P less than 0.05) of the control value, respectively. These results indicate that vinpocetine increases cerebral energy metabolism in mice after oral administration as well as intraperitoneal injection.
Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on bradykinin metabolism by vascular endothelial cells (1993)

The degradation of bradykinin by angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) activity in cultured human endothelial cells was studied by direct measurement of bradykinin and by its effect on the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors. The half-life of exogenous bradykinin (10,000 pg/ml) was calculated from the decay of the bradykinin concentration as 46 +/- 2 min in cell monolayers, 133 +/- 15 min in conditioned medium, and 24 +/- 2 min in homogenates. Most of the bradykinin-degrading activity in cell monolayers could be inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by the ACE inhibitors lisinopril, ramiprilat, and captopril. Bradykinin-degrading activity was released into the culture medium containing one-fourth of the bradykinin-degrading activity found in the presence of cell monolayers. In cell homogenates higher unspecific bradykinin-degrading activities were present. The functional consequence of bradykinin degradation was demonstrated by the potentiating effect of ramiprilat on the generation of endothelium-derived relaxing factors nitric oxide and prostacyclin from endothelial cells. The study supports the concept of increased vasodilatory effects of bradykinin during ACE inhibition.
Attachment of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 to the Surfaces and Internal Structures of Apples as Detected by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (2000)

Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used to demonstrate the attachment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 transformed with a plasmid encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the surface and within the internal structures of nonwaxed Red Delicious cv. apples. Apples at 2 or 25 degrees C were inoculated with an E. coli O157:H7 cell suspension at 2 or 25 degrees C. The effect of a negative temperature differential (cold inoculum, warm apple), a positive differential (warm inoculum, cold apple), and no differential (warm inoculum, warm apple), in combination with a pressure differential (atmospheric versus 10,130 Pa), on the attachment and infiltration of cells was determined. CSLM stereo images of external surfaces of apples subjected to all combinations of test parameters showed preferential cellular attachment to discontinuities in the waxy cuticle on the surface and to damaged tissue surrounding puncture wounds, where the pathogen was observed at depths up to 70 microm below the skin surface. Attachment to lenticels was sporadic but was occasionally observed at depths of up to 40 microm. Infiltration through the floral tube and attachment to seeds, cartilaginous pericarp, and internal trichomes were observed in all apples examined, regardless of temperature differential during inoculation. The pressure differential had no effect on infiltration or attachment of E. coli O157:H7. Image analysis to count cells at various depths within tissues was used to quantitatively compare the extent of infiltration into various apple structures as well as the effects of the temperature differential. Puncture wounds harbored greater numbers of the pathogen at greater depths than did other sites examined. Attachment or infiltration of cells was greater on the intact skin and in lenticels, russet areas, and the floral tube of apples inoculated under a negative temperature differential compared to those inoculated under no temperature differential. The results suggest that E. coli O157:H7 attached to internal core structures or within tissues of apples may evade decontamination treatments. Interventions designed to deliver disinfectants to these locations or to remove viable cells of E. coli O157:H7 and other pathogens from apples by other means need to be developed and validated.
Fabrication of High Quality Ceramic Parts Using Mold SDM (1999)

Mold Shape Deposition Manufacturing (Mold SDM) is being developed in order to fabricate complex structural ceramic parts such as components for miniature turbine engines. For this application, the ceramic parts must not only be strong, but they also must have high dimensional accuracy and superior surface quality. This paper presents current progress with process development and characterizes fabricated silicon nitride (Si3N4) parts including their surface quality, part density, isotropic shrinkage and build rate. The microstructure of the sintered parts has been characterized. Mechanical testing gave flexural strength values ranging from 400 to 800 MPa. The isotropic linear shrinkage of 18±0.5% and best RMS surface roughness of 0.45 μm was observed. A number of process improvements that lead to better quality parts will also be described.
Lookup table power macro-models for behavioral library components (1999)

In this work we study the problem of estimating the power dissipation of the atomic components (macros) used to implement basic operations in behavioral synthesis. We first precisely define the key requisites for behavioral power macro-models and we briefly evaluate the suitability of several approaches proposed in the past. We then focus on a specific macro-modeling methodology that appears to be best suited for usage in a behavioral synthesis tool. We analyze its limitations and we propose several original improvements. Finally, we evaluate the impact of the proposed improvements on macro-model accuracy and flexibility.
Ethological Considerations in the Experimental Study of Lizard Behavior (1978)

SUMMARY. The importance of an ethological approach to the experimental study of an un familiar species is described and several of its problems discussed. The selection of units of be.. havior is a crucial first step in the development of a behavior inventory. The correlation of a behavioral unit with a particular context is necessary to ascribe function to that unit and to de� velop an etbogram. Me thods of studying lizards under controlled conditions are described and discussed. Constraints on behavio r that must be considered in an experimental study include the microclimate and its thermal qualities, food and water, shelter utilization, and social behavior. Ritualized display patterns are proposed as sources of hypotheses about the neurophysiological control of social communications.
Action of black widow spider venom on quantized release of acetylcholine at the frog neuromuscular junction: dependence upon external Mg2+. (1979)

Black widow spider (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus) venom (BWSV) increases several hundredfold the frequency of occurrance of minature end-plate potentials (Fmepp) at frog neuromuscular junctions bathed in Ringer's solutions containing either Ca2+ of Mg2+, but it has little effect on Fmepp at junctions bathed in modified Ringer's solution containing 1--2 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) but no Ca2+ or Mg2+. When Mg2+ is added to preparations that have been treated with BWSV in the modified solution, Fmepp increases exponentially with time. Fmepp falls again to low values when the Mg2+ is removed. The rate constant of the exponential rise is proportional to [Mg2+]o in the range 1--4 mM, and the threshold [Mg2+]o is 0.1--0.5 mM. Increasing the K+ concentration of the bathing solution decreases the ability of Mg2+ to increase Fmepp. Addition of Ca2+, Co2+, Mn2+, or Zn2+ also leads to a large increase in Fmepp. These results are consistent with the possibility that BWSV increases the permeability of the nerve terminal to divalent cations. BWSV can, however, increase Fmepp in hypertonic solutions in the absence of external divalent cations. This result suggests that the effects of BWSV on the nerve terminal may not be confined to increasing the permeability of the plasma-lemma.
Role of MoVTeNb oxide catalyst constituent phases in propane oxidation to acrylic acid. (2013)

The catalytic activity of MoVTeNbO catalyst and its constituent phases (M1, M2 and Mo 5 O 14 -like) in the oxidation of propane, as well as propylene and acrolein, which are intermediates of acrylic acid formation from propane, was studied. In all the reactions, the 1 phase shows higher activity and selectivity, compared to M2 and Mo 5 O 14 -like phases; its presence being sufficient for efficient proceeding the propane oxidation to acrylic acid.