gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deblurring-by-Denoising using Spatially Adaptive Gaussian Scale Mixtures in Overcomplete Pyramids (2006)

In a previous work, we presented an extension of the original Bayes least squares-Gaussian scale mixtures (BLS-GSM) denoising algorithm that also compensated the blur. However, that method had some problems: a) it could not compensate for some blurring kernels; b) its performance depended critically on having an accurate estimation of the original power spectral density (PSD); and c) it could not be easily adapted to a spatially variant description of the image statistics. In this work we propose a two-step restoration method that overcomes these problems by first performing a global blur image compensation, and then applying a spatially adaptive local denoising, in an overcomplete pyramid. Our method is efficient, robust and non-iterative. We demonstrate through simulations that it provides state-of-the-art performance.
Impact of changes in the Pt heterostructure bottom electrodes on the ferroelectric properties of SBT thin films (1999)

Abstract The crystallinity and the microstructure of Sr0.8Bi2.3Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films improved with increasing annealing temperature, and strongly influenced the ferroelectric properties. In addition, the properties of SBT films, such as remanent polarization and leakage current density, are closely related to the film/electrode interface and surface roughness of the underlying electrode. SBT films on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si and Pt/ZrO2/SiO2/Si substrates exhibited high remanent polarization, low leakage current density, and low voltage saturation as compared to SBT films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. This is deduced to be related to differences in film orientation, electrode roughness, and out-diffusion of Ti onto the surface of the bottom electrode.
Fabrication and electronic properties of gold nanoparticle superlattices (2003)

Well-defined planar 1D chains and 2D superlattices of gold (Au) nanoparticles in the 1.5~9.7 nm range were successfully fabricated by a self-assembly technique. When the nanoscale ridge-and-valley structured carbon substrates were dipped in toluene solution of 3.4-nm Au nanoparticles followed by a natural dry, a planar array of 1D chains of Au nanoparticles were formed at the valleys of carbon substrates. On the other hand, the 1.5~9.7-nm Au nanoparticles protected by alkanethiols or 2,6-bis(1'- n -thioalkyl)benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine easily formed hexagonal 2D superlattices on the flat carbon substrates, the inter-particle spacing being tuned by the ligand length and so on. It was found that for 2D superlattices consisting of large particles of ~5 nm the electron behavior was dominated by the Coulomb blockade effect at low temperature while the I–V response was ohmic at room temperature.
Identification and Growth Mechanism of ZnS Nanoparticles with Mixed Cubic and Hexagonal Stacking (2009)

Nano-ZnS with mixed cubic and hexagonal stacking was synthesized via reaction of zinc acetate with thioacetamide in a weakly acidic solution, while nano-ZnS in primarily the sphalerite phase was synthesized in a basic solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the nanoparticle structures. The formation of nano-ZnS with mixed stacking was simulated numerically by generation of ZnS nanoparticles via random cubic and hexagonal stacking of the close packing layers. The numerically simulated stacking distribution is determined by the ratio of the probability of cubic vs hexagonal stacking. XRD patterns of ZnS nanoparticles with mixed stacking were simulated by using Debye function analysis. The wurtzite (102) peak is absent whereas the wurtzite (103) peak is present in nano-ZnS with mixed stacking, matching features of XRD results for synthesized ZnS. We conclude that crystallization of ZnS nanoparticles with mixed stacking occurs via a growth mechanism in which sequential addition of hexagonal vs. cubic stacked layers occurs with equal probability. The approach may be used for analysis of mixed stacking in other nanomaterials with related structures, such as CdS and CdSe.
Ab Interno Trabeculectomy: Development of a Novel Device (Trabectome???) and Surgery for Open-Angle Glaucoma (2005)

The Trabectome system is designed for performing trabeculectomy via an ab interno approach. It successfully removed sections of trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal inner wall with less injury to the adjacent tissue compared with goniotomy knife in vitro. Theoretically, this procedure should provide direct access of aqueous humor to Schlemm's canal.
Resistance and 1/<i>f</i> noise of Au, Al, and Ge contacts to (Hg,Cd)Te (1990)

The resistance and 1/f noise of Au and Al contacts to ion-sputtered p-type Hg0.79Cd0.21Te and of Ge contacts to Hg0.7Cd0.3Te have been measured at temperatures of 12, 40, 77, and 295 K. The Au and Al contacts were ohmic at all temperatures whereas the Ge contacts were partially rectifying. The specific contact resistance for Au and Al varied by about a factor of 10 up to 9×10−4 Ω cm2 and 3×10−3 Ω cm2, respectively, at 295 K, and there was little variation in resistance down to 12 K. The 1/f noise of the Au and Al contacts could be described as a power spectral density of resistance fluctuations SR which varied with the contact diameter d as SR∝d−m, where 5≤m≤6 for Au and 2≤m≤3 for Al. The values of m suggest that whereas the 1/f noise of the Au contacts originated at the Au/(Hg,Cd)Te interface or in the underlying (Hg,Cd)Te, the 1/f noise of the Al contacts originated in a surface conduction layer next to the contact. The magnitude of the 1/f noise was significantly larger than expected for any fundamental 1/f noise source.
Inflammatory cytokines can enhance CD44-mediated airway epithelial cell adhesion independently of CD44 expression (2003)

In airways, the cell surface molecule CD44 is upregulated on bronchial epithelial cells in areas of damage. We have shown that a blocking standard CD44 (CD44s) antibody caused a 77% (+/- 19%) inhibition of cell migration at 3 h after mechanical damage and decreased epithelial cell repair of cells grown on cell culture filter inserts. With the use of primary human bronchial epithelial cells and the bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE 14o-, a CD44s antibody inhibited >95% (P < 0.01) of cell binding to hyaluronic acid (HA). The cytokines TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta, and IL-4 stimulated a 2- to 3.5-fold increase in CD44-dependent cell binding to HA. IFN-gamma treatment did not increase CD44 expression as assessed by flow cytometry, although phorbol myristate acetate treatment did. This indicates that IFN-gamma-induced cell binding to HA did not require increased CD44 expression. These data indicate that CD44 is important for bronchial epithelial cell binding to HA and that cytokines known to be expressed in inflammation can increase HA binding independently of the level of CD44 expression.
A mobile agent based protocol for distributed databases access (2002)

Presents a mobile agent-based three-tier protocol to improve the data transmission while accessing distributed databases. When a mobile agent is employed to fulfil a distributed query, it has many choices for travelling in the network. The master/slave pattern can be applied to mobile agents on the basis of a centralized two-phase commit (2PC) protocol to allow the parallel execution of mobile agents. In this paper, a three-tier protocol is proposed, which clusters all the slave agents to strengthen the parallelism. This three-tier protocol can significantly weaken the data transmission bottleneck and reduce the response time. This paper describes the protocol and a performance evaluation of it.
Sparse Blind Deconvolution Accounting for Time-Shift Ambiguity (2006)

Our contribution deals with blind deconvolution of sparse spike trains. More precisely, we examine the problem in the Markov chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) framework, where the unknown spike train is modeled as a Bernoulli-Gaussian process. In this context, we point out that time-shift and scale ambiguities jeopardize the robustness of basic MCMC methods, in quite a similar manner to the label switching effect studied by Stephens (2000) in mixture model identification. Finally, we propose proper modifications of the MCMC approach, in the same spirit as Stephens' contribution.
Semidefinite relaxation based multiuser detection for M-ary PSK multiuser systems (2004)

Because of the powerful symbol error performance of multiuser maximum-likelihood (ML) detection, recently, there has been much interest in seeking effective ways of approximating multiuser ML detection (MLD) with affordable computational costs. It has been illustrated that for the synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) scenario, the so-called semidefinite relaxation (SDR) algorithm can accurately and efficiently approximate multiuser MLD. This SDR-MLD algorithm, however, can only handle binary and quadratic phase shift keying (PSK) symbol constellations. In this sequel, we propose an extended SDR algorithm for MLD with M-ary PSK (MPSK) constellations. For the synchronous CDMA scenario, the proposed SDR algorithm provides an attractive polynomial-time complexity order of K/sup 3.5/, where K is the number of users. Simulation results indicate that the proposed detector provides improved symbol error performance compared with several commonly used multiuser detectors.
IL-17 Suppresses Immune Effector Functions in Human Papillomavirus-Associated Epithelial Hyperplasia (2014)

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) causes epithelial hyperplasia that can progress to cancer and is thought to depend on immunosuppressive mechanisms that prevent viral clearance by the host. IL-17 is a cytokine with diverse functions in host defense and in the pathology of autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. We analyzed biopsies from patients with HPV-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 and murine skin displaying HPV16 E7 protein-induced epithelial hyperplasia, which closely models hyperplasia in chronic HPV lesions. Expression of IL-17 and IL-23, a major inducer of IL-17, was elevated in both human HPV-infected and murine E7-expressing lesions. Using a skin-grafting model, we demonstrated that IL-17 in HPV16 E7 transgenic skin grafts inhibited effective host immune responses against the graft. IL-17 was produced by CD3(+) T cells, predominantly CD4(+) T cells in human, and CD4(+) and γδ T cells in mouse hyperplastic lesions. IL-23 and IL-1β, but not IL-18, induced IL-17 production in E7 transgenic skin. Together, these findings demonstrate an immunosuppressive role for IL-17 in HPV-associated epithelial hyperplasia and suggest that blocking IL-17 in persistent viral infection may promote antiviral immunity and prevent progression to cancer.
Characterization of dopaminergic midbrain neurons in a DBH:BDNF transgenic mouse (1999)

The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the survival and differentiation of central nervous system neurons, including dopaminergic cells in culture. To determine whether BDNF might play a role in the development of dopaminergic neurons in vivo, we used a previously characterized transgenic mouse (DBH:BDNF) that overexpresses BDNF in adrenergic and noradrenergic neurons as a result of fusion of the BDNF gene to the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene promoter. We quantified dopaminergic neuronal profiles at four midbrain coronal levels and compared DBH:BDNF transgenic animals with wild-type mice of the same genetic background. Analysis of sections immunostained with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) showed that the mean number of dopaminergic neurons in the four selected midbrain sections was 52% greater (one-way analysis of variance, P < 0.0005) in transgenic mice (2,165 +/- 55 S. E.M., n = 4) than in control mice (1,428 +/- 71 S.E.M., n = 4). The increase in dopaminergic neuron profile count in DBH:BDNF transgenic animals was confirmed by analysis of the pars compacta of the substantia nigra on Nissl-stained sections. Surface area of the reference region of interest containing TH-immunoreactive neurons was similar in transgenic and control mice. Regional analysis of different midbrain areas containing dopaminergic neurons suggested that the increase in cell profile count occurs in a relatively homogeneous manner. Comparison of TH-immunoreactive cell size showed a tendency for smaller neurons in transgenic animals, but the difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that DBH:BDNF transgenic mice show increased number of TH-immunoreactive cells in the midbrain. We propose that BDNF rescues dopaminergic neurons from the perinatal period of developmental cell death as a consequence of increased anterograde transport of the neurotrophin via the coeruleonigral projection.
A Novel Jasmonic Acid-Inducible Rice <i>myb</i> Gene Associates with Fungal Infection and Host Cell Death (2001)

Endogenous signal molecules such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) play an important role in induced resistance against pathogen infection and insect herbivory. In rice seedlings, JA is an effective inducer of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against infection of blast fungus (Pyricularia grisea). To gain further insights into JA-mediated defense signaling pathways, we isolated and characterized a pathogen- and JA-induced rice gene (JAmyb) that encodes a Myb transcription factor. The JAmyb gene was induced within 1 day after fungal infection in resistant and susceptible interactions prior to lesion formation. Unlike most defense-related genes that are activated faster and stronger in resistant interactions, JAmyb induction by blast fungus is much higher in susceptible interactions, accompanied by large lesions and extensive tissue damage. Significant induction of JAmyb also was observed during cell death and lesion formation in certain lesion mimic mutants. Interestingly, JAmyb was activated rapidly by JA or wounding, independent of de novo protein synthesis, but not by other endogenous signal molecules such as SA and abscisic acid or SAR inducers such as benzothiadiazole and probenazole. We used SA-deficient transgenic plants to further demonstrate that depletion of SA in rice did not abolish but rather enhanced blast-induced JAmyb expression. These results suggest that JAmyb is related closely to host cell death and is involved in the JA-mediated, SA-independent signaling pathways in rice.
Portal vein pulsatility index is a more important indicator than congestion index in the clinical evaluation of right heart function (2006)

Our data show that RI is a more significant indicator than CI in the clinical evaluation of high RA > or = 10 mmHg, whereas CI is better than PI in the assessment of left heart function.
7.2-kV/60-A Austin SuperMOS: An Intelligent Medium-Voltage SiC Power Switch (2019)

In order to enable medium-voltage applications at an operation voltage of 5-kV level, a novel 7.2-kV/60-A Austin SuperMOS SiC power switch is developed. Static and dynamic performances are characterized at various voltage and current levels. The device exhibits excellent dynamic performance with a high dV/dt up to 122 V/ns during the turn-off. The output charge of the Austin SuperMOS is also measured to enable accurate dynamic loss estimation. A unique automatic gate turn-on mechanism is identified, which facilitates a substantial reduction of the third quadrant conduction loss during the deadtime in converter operations. A high-voltage isolated power supply with low coupling capacitance and an optically triggered intelligent gate driver circuit with protection functions are integrated into the medium-voltage power switch, enabling safe and reliable medium-voltage operations of the Austin SuperMOS.
Detection of expanded RNA repeats using thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase (2017)

Cellular accumulation of repetitive RNA occurs in several dominantly-inherited genetic disorders. Expanded CUG, CCUG or GGGGCC repeats are expressed in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2), or familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, respectively. Expanded repeat RNAs (ER-RNAs) exert a toxic gain-of-function and are prime therapeutic targets in these diseases. However, efforts to quantify ER-RNA levels or monitor knockdown are confounded by stable structure and heterogeneity of the ER-RNA tract and background signal from non-expanded repeats. Here, we used a thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase (TGIRT-III) to convert ER-RNA to cDNA, followed by quantification on slot blots. We found that TGIRT-III was capable of reverse transcription (RTn) on enzymatically synthesized ER-RNAs. By using conditions that limit cDNA synthesis from off-target sequences, we observed hybridization signals on cDNA slot blots from DM1 and DM2 muscle samples but not from healthy controls. In transgenic mouse models of DM1 the cDNA slot blots accurately reflected the differences of ER-RNA expression across different transgenic lines, and showed therapeutic reductions in skeletal and cardiac muscle, accompanied by improvements of the DM1-associated splicing defects. TGIRT-III was also active on CCCCGG- and GGGGCC-repeats, suggesting that ER-RNA analysis is feasible for several repeat expansion disorders.
Ispy (2008)

IP prefix hijacking remains a major threat to the security of the Internet routing system due to a lack of authoritative prefix ownership information. Despite many efforts in designing IP prefix hijack detection schemes, no existing design can satisfy all the critical requirements of a truly effective system: real-time, accurate, light-weight, easily and incrementally deployable, as well as robust in victim notification. In this paper, we present a novel approach that fulfills all these goals by monitoring network reachability from key external transit networks to one's own network through lightweight prefix-owner-based active probing. Using the prefix-owner's view of reachability, our detection system, iSPY, can differentiate between IP prefix hijacking and network failures based on the observation that hijacking is likely to result in topologically more diverse polluted networks and unreachability. Through detailed simulations of Internet routing, 25-day deployment in 88 ASes (108 prefixes), and experiments with hijacking events of our own prefix from multiple locations, we demonstrate that iSPY is accurate with false negative ratio below 0.45% and false positive ratio below 0.17%. Furthermore, iSPY is truly real-time; it can detect hijacking events within a few minutes.
Are Tests of Sperm DNA Damage Clinically Useful? Pros and Cons (2009)

The advent of assisted reproductive technologies, particularly intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), has revolutionized the treatment of male-factor infertility. However, there are many unanswered questions regarding the safety of these techniques. These safety concerns are relevant because 1) these technologies often bypass the barriers to natural selection; 2) infertile men, particularly those with severe male-factor infertility, possess substantially more sperm DNA damage than do fertile men; and 3) experimentally, sperm DNA damage has been shown to adversely affect the developing embryo. This review discusses the etiology of sperm DNA damage, describes the individual tests of sperm DNA damage, and explores the relationship between sperm DNA damage and pregnancy outcomes. Based on a systematic review of the literature, sperm DNA damage is associated with lower natural, intrauterine insemination (IUI), and in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy rates, but not with ICSI pregnancy rates. The literature also suggests that that sperm DNA damage is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss in those couples undergoing IVF or ICSI. Nonetheless, the true clinical utility of sperm DNA damage tests remains to be established, because the available studies are small and few in number and the study characteristics are heterogeneous. Although current data suggest that impaired sperm DNA integrity may have the greatest effect on IUI pregnancy rates and pregnancy loss by IVF and ICSI, further prospective studies are needed before testing should become a routine part of patient management.
PCMCIA System Architecture: 16-Bit PC Cards (1995)

From the Publisher:
PCMCIA System Architecture: 16-Bit PC Cards, Second Edition describes PC card hardware and software interfaces and their relationships to overall system design. Developed by the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) and the Japan Electronics Industry Development Association (JEIDA), the PC Card Standard defines a standard hardware and software interface for small removable 16-bit cards. The PC Card Standard also defines a new 32-bit PC Card called CardBus. For more information on this standard see CardBus System Architecture (Addison-Wesley, 1995). PCMCIA expert Don Anderson provides a comprehensive treatment of the interface. If you design or test hardware or software that involves 16-bit PC cards, PCMCIA System Architecture is an essential, time-saving tool.
[Selective cooling of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots in patients with spastic and pain syndromes]. (1978)

Selective cooling of the spinal cord and its roots was applied in 26 patients with a high degree of muscle spasticity of various genesis and in 12 of those with various pain syndromes. Hypothermia was conducted by the open and closed (puncture) methods. The subarachnoid space was cooled to 11--7.5 degrees C. Spasticity diminished to grade I--II in 15 patients and to grade III in 9; in 2 patients it did not change. In 3 of 12 patients the sensation of phantom and pain were completely relieved, marked improvement occurred in 6 patients, while in 3 patients the effect proved short-lived or doubtful.
Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Stem Cells Display a Distinct Immunomodulatory and Proregenerative Transcriptional Signature Compared to Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells (2017)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with immunosuppressive and trophic support functions. While MSCs from different sources frequently display a similar appearance in culture, they often show differences in their surface marker and gene expression profiles. Although bone marrow is considered the "gold standard" tissue to isolate classical MSCs (BM-MSC), MSC-like cells are currently also derived from more easily accessible extra-embryonic tissues such as the umbilical cord. In this study, we defined the best way to isolate MSCs from the Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord (WJ-MSC) and assessed the mesenchymal and immunological phenotype of BM-MSC and WJ-MSC. Moreover, the gene expression profile of established WJ-MSC cultures was compared to two different bone marrow-derived stem cell populations (BM-MSC and multipotent adult progenitor cells or MAPC<sup>®</sup>). We observed that explant culturing of Wharton's jelly matrix is superior to collagenase tissue digestion for obtaining mesenchymal-like cells, with explant isolated cells displaying increased expansion potential. While being phenotypically similar to adult MSCs, WJ-MSC show a different gene expression profile. Gene ontology analysis revealed that genes associated with cell adhesion, proliferation, and immune system functioning are enriched in WJ-MSC. In vivo transplantation confirms their immune modulatory effect on T cells, similar to BM-MSC and MAPC. Furthermore, WJ-MSC intrinsically overexpress genes involved in neurotrophic support and their secretome induces neuronal maturation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to a greater extent than BM-MSC. This signature makes WJ-MSC an attractive candidate for cell-based therapy in neurodegenerative and immune-mediated central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.