gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sonodynamic cancer therapy: a non-invasive and repeatable approach using low-intensity ultrasound with a sonosensitizer. (2011)

The low-intensity ultrasound that is used in clinical diagnoses, such as abdomen echo inspection, is a non-invasive treatment, and penetrates deeper into the body than light. Recently, sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which uses low-intensity ultrasound together with a sonosensitizer, has been developed for cancer therapy in applying such properties of ultrasound. So far, most sonosensitizers that have been developed are sensitive to light as well as ultrasound, implying that the shortcomings of photosensitizers used during photodynamic therapy, such as skin sensitivity, still need to be overcome in SDT. Some exceptions were, however, reported in recent studies in which sensitizers were activated mainly by ultrasound but not by light. Furthermore, recent in vivo studies have demonstrated that SDT with a sonosensitizer has a great potential as a non-invasive and repeatable treatment for cancer therapy.
Binding of 14-3-3 proteins and nuclear export control the intracellular localization of the mitotic inducer Cdc25 (1999)

Binding of 14-3-3 proteins near the nuclear localization sequence of Xenopus Cdc25 suppresses its ability to induce entry into mitosis. We have examined the intracellular localization of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged wild-type Cdc25 or a mutant (S287A) that cannot bind 14-3-3 proteins. Upon coexpression with Myc-14-3-3epsilon, GFP-Cdc25-WT was predominantly cytoplasmic, whereas GFP-Cdc25-S287A was exclusively nuclear. Leptomycin B, an inhibitor of nuclear export, elicited a prompt redistribution of GFP-Cdc25-WT to the nucleus. Mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that Cdc25 contains multiple nuclear export sequences. These studies indicate that the binding of 14-3-3 proteins and nuclear export regulate the intracellular localization of Cdc25.
Clinical Potential of Adult Vascular Progenitor Cells (2010)

Cell therapy to treat vascular and cardiovascular diseases has evolved over the past decade with improved understanding of progenitor cell mobilization, recruitment, and differentiation. The beneficial effects seen in several preclinical studies have prompted translation of adult vascular progenitor therapy to clinical trials. To date, progenitor cells isolated from bone marrow and peripheral blood have been tested in the context of acute myocardial infarction and chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy, with moderate benefit. This therapeutic effect occurs despite a relatively small number of injected progenitor cells and short-term residence in the target zone. Thus, indirect benefits, such as paracrine factors released from these cells, have been suggested as significant contributors to therapeutic efficacy. Several additional vascular progenitors of endothelial, smooth muscle, mesenchymal, and cardiac origin have been identified that may contribute to vasculogenesis. Indeed, a unifying paradigm for the most effective cell therapy strategies to date appears to be robust support of angiogenesis. Here we discuss a number of progenitor cells that currently show potential as cardiovascular therapeutics, either singly or in combination. We look at emerging cell types and disease targets that may be exploited for therapeutic benefit and future strategies that may maximize clinical efficacy.
Mapping of intracellular localization domains and evidence for colocalization interactions between the IE110 and IE175 nuclear transactivator proteins of herpes simplex virus (1994)

Transcriptional regulation by the IE175 (ICP4) and IE110 (ICP0) phosphorylated nuclear proteins encoded by herpes simplex virus (HSV) appears to be a key determinant for the establishment of successful lytic cycle infection. By indirect immunofluorescence in transient DNA transfection assays, we have examined the intracellular distribution of deletion and truncation mutants of both IE175 and IE110 from HSV-1. Insertion of short oligonucleotides encoding the basic amino acid motifs 726-GRKRKSP-732 from IE175 and 500-VRPRKRR-506 from IE110 into deleted cytoplasmic forms of the two proteins restored the karyophilic phenotype and confirmed that these motifs are both necessary and sufficient for proper nuclear localization. Analysis of IE110 deletion mutants and a panel of IE110/IE175 hybrid proteins was also used to evaluate the characteristic IE110 distribution within nuclear punctate granules as seen by immunofluorescence and phase-contrast microscopy. The phase-dense punctate pattern persisted with both large C-terminal truncations and deletions of the Cys-rich zinc finger region and even with a form of IE110 that localized in the cytoplasm, implying that the punctate characteristic is an intrinsic property of the N-terminal segment of the IE110 protein. Transfer of the full IE110-like punctate phenotype to the normally uniform diffuse nuclear pattern of the IE175 protein by exchange of the N-terminal domains of the two proteins demonstrated that the first 105 to 244 amino acids of IE110 represent the most important region for conferring punctate characteristics. Surprisingly, cotransfection of a wild-type nuclear IE175 gene together with the IE110 gene revealed that much of the IE175 protein produced was redistributed into a punctate pattern that colocalized with the IE110-associated punctate granules seen in the same cells. This colocalization did not occur after cotransfection of IE110 with the IE72 (IE1) nuclear protein of human cytomegalovirus and therefore cannot represent simple nonspecific trapping. Evidently, the punctate phenotype of IE110 represents a dominant characteristic that reveals the potential of IE110 and IE175 to physically interact with each other either directly or indirectly within the intracellular environment.
Bidirectional sound transport (2017)

We present a new sound propagation algorithm, Bidirectional Sound Transport (BST), based on bidirectional path tracing. Current state-of-the-art geometric acoustic method handles diffuse reflection by backward path tracing and uses diffuse rain to improve the validity of generated paths. We show that this can be viewed as a special case of bidirectional path tracing. By allowing the connections to be established between any nodes of the subpaths, we are able to improve the sampling quality when sound sources locate near scene objects. This ensures more stable rendering quality and eases ray budget selection. We propose a new metric based on the signal-to-noise (SNR) of the energy response to evaluate the performance of Monte-Carlo path tracing method for sound. Based on the metric, we develop an iterative algorithm to redistribute the samples among bounce numbers according to the statistic characteristics of the sampling of previous frames. We show that the sample redistribution algorithm converges and better balances between early and late reverberation. We evaluate our approach on different benchmarks and demonstrate significant speedup over prior geometric acoustic algorithms. We also discuss clustering algorithms used to improve the scalability for bidirectional sound transport.
Phosphorus Pentoxide in Organic Synthesis, XII. Synthesis of 7<i>H</i>‐Pyrrolo[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidin‐4‐amines (1985)

Abstract A one‐step synthesis for the preparation of a new series of substituted 7 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidin‐4‐amines 2 is described. The method consists in heating the corresponding pyrrolo [2,3‐ d ]pyrimidin‐4(3 H )‐ones 1 in a mixture of phosphorus pentoxide, N , N ‐dimethylcyclohexylamine, and the appropriate amine hydrochloride. With aromatic amine hydrochlorides the reaction proceeds smoothly at 200–220°C for 1–4 h, whereas with aliphatic amine hydrochlorides, the reaction takes place at slower rate affording the products 3 in lower yields. With diethylamine hydrochloride, the condensed dimeric product 5 is isolated together with the expected product 3e . The results from pesticide screenings are reported.
SLA-driven business process management in SOA (2009)

The management of non-functional goals, or Service Level Agreements (SLA), in the development of business processes in a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) often requires much manual and error-prone effort by all parties throughout the entire lifecycle of the processes. The formal specification of SLAs into development tools can simplify some of this effort. In particular, the runtime provisioning and monitoring of processes can be achieved by an autonomic system that adapts to changing conditions to maintain the SLA's goals. SOA supports partitioning a system into services that are running in a distributed execution environment. When coupled with an associated cost model, a process can be both executed and monitored in an optimal manner, based on a declarative, user-specified optimality function.
Influence of weaning methods on the diaphragm after mechanical ventilation in a rat model (2016)

MV resulted in a loss of diaphragmatic contractility, which was aggravated in SBT and PSV despite reversal of oxidative stress and proteolysis.
Interleukin 1 and cyclic AMP induce kappa immunoglobulin light-chain expression via activation of an NF-kappa B-like DNA-binding protein. (1989)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces the synthesis of kappa immunoglobulin light chains and the expression of surface immunoglobulin in the murine pre-B-cell line 70Z/3 (J. G. Giri, P. W. Kincade, and S. B. Mizel, J. Immunol. 132:223-228, 1984). In the present study, we found that these effects of IL-1 are mimicked by cyclic AMP (cAMP) analogs and cAMP-elevating drugs. The induction of kappa immunoglobulin light-chain gene expression by IL-1 was associated with an increase in intracellular cAMP levels. Incubation of 70Z/3 cells with IL-1 or cAMP resulted in the activation of the kappa immunoglobulin enhancer, as detected by the induction of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) in cells transfected with a kappa enhancer-CAT expression plasmid. In contrast, CAT plasmids lacking a kappa immunoglobulin enhancer were inactive in the presence of IL-1 or cAMP. Furthermore, IL-1 and cAMP analogs and inducers were found to induce the activation of a NF-kappa B-like DNA-binding protein that exhibited specificity for the kappa immunoglobulin enhancer. These results suggest that cAMP may play an important role as a second messenger for IL-1 in the induction of kappa immunoglobulin light-chain synthesis in pre-B cells via the activation of a DNA-binding protein that is similar or identical to NF-kappa B.
Effect of Post Harvest Drying Methods on the Essential Oil Composition of <i>Nardostachys jatamansi</i> DC. (2017)

Nardostachys jatamansi DC. (Valerianaceae) is an important plant used in Ayurveda, Homeopathy, local healthcare and modern medicine industries. The drug produces essential oil (Spikenard oil) on extraction which is the source of variety of medicinal and aromatic products. Drug was collected from natural populations during the month of October. Essential oil was extracted from fresh, room and oven dried samples by using Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed with GC-MS. Comparison revealed variations in the composition of the essential oil. Concentration of most of the active constituents of the essential oil varied with methods of drying applied. Patchouli alcohol showed variation between 40-52% with methods of drying applied. Therefore, N. jatamansi should be dried at low temperature (22-34°C) to minimize deterioration in the composition of the essential oil; that is directly related to medicinal properties.
Designing Active Server Pages (2000)

From the Publisher:
Developers of Active Server Pages often reinvent the wheel. Their background in web design, with its separate HTML page for each viewable web page on a site, leads many ASP developers to create a distinct ASP page each time they think they need one. Often times, these pages are functionally similar. With intelligent planning, an ASP developer stands to save a great deal of time by creating reusable ASP pages. Designing Active Server Pages is tailor-made for these developers. 
There is currently a plethora of Active Server Pages books. However, the vast majority of these books are either technical references or how-to books for beginners. Designing Active Server Pages is written for the intermediate to advanced user. Furthermore, nearly every other book on ASP focuses on using VBScript, even though ASP supports an array of scripting languages, including JScript and PerlScript. Designing Active Server Pages shows how to start using these other languages. 
The latest version of the scripting engines (Version 5.1 for VBScript) adds new features not available before the 5.0 release. These features include class support for VBScript, and Regular Expression searching through the use of a COM object. Designing Active Server Pages explains why using classes in VBScript is beneficial, and demonstrates the power of regular expression searching. 
This book shows how to simplify the process by only requiring one ASP page to handle ALL of the Forms throughout a web site, thus reducing the amount of code one has to write. 
Topics include: 
Using various Microsoft and third-party components to enhance ASP pagesCreating components using VB and/or VC++ Sample code for performing routine ASP tasks Techniques to allow for reusable database scripts on the database system and on ASP pages How to obtain and register third-party components, thus saving massive amounts of time by reusing someone else's code

Designing Active Server Pages is for developers who have already mastered the basics of ASP application development and are ready to take the next logical step. It is sure to become an indispensable part of every web developer's library.
Isomerization of <i>all</i>-<i>trans</i>-Retinol to <i>cis</i>-Retinols in Bovine Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells:  Dependence on the Specificity of Retinoid-Binding Proteins (2000)

In the retinal rod and cone photoreceptors, light photoactivates rhodopsin or cone visual pigments by converting 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal, the process that ultimately results in phototransduction and visual sensation. The production of 11-cis-retinal in adjacent retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a fundamental process that allows regeneration of the vertebrate visual system. Here, we present evidence that all-trans-retinol is unstable in the presence of H(+) and rearranges to anhydroretinol through a carbocation intermediate, which can be trapped by alcohols to form retro-retinyl ethers. This ability of all-trans-retinol to form a carbocation could be relevant for isomerization. The calculated activation energy of isomerization of all-trans-retinyl carbocation to the 11-cis-isomer was only approximately 18 kcal/mol, as compared to approximately 36 kcal/mol for all-trans-retinol. This activation energy is similar to approximately 17 kcal/mol obtained experimentally for the isomerization reaction in RPE microsomes. Mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of isotopically labeled retinoids showed that isomerization proceeds via alkyl cleavage mechanism, but the product of isomerization depended on the specificity of the retinoid-binding protein(s) as evidenced by the production of 13-cis-retinol in the presence of cellular retinoid-binding protein (CRBP). To test the influence of an electron-withdrawing group on the polyene chain, which would inhibit carbocation formation, 11-fluoro-all-trans-retinol was used in the isomerization assay and was shown to be inactive. Together, these results strengthen the idea that the isomerization reaction is driven by mass action and may occur via carbocation intermediate.
The efficacy of doxycycline as a pleural sclerosing agent in malignant pleural effusion: A prospective study (1996)

To determine the efficacy of doxycycline in producing pleuroedesis in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE), 31 documented cases of MPE, aged 19-82 years were prospectively studied. Pleural sclerosis was done with 500 mg of doxycycline. Response regarding respiratory symptoms and pleural fluid accumulation were evaluated monthly. At one month, 27 patients were evaluable (4 dropped out). All responded and required no therapeutic thoracentesis. At 3 months, 13 patients dropped out, only 14 patients were evaluable. It revealed that 13 out of 14 patients (92%) responded. Only one patient failed and required therapeutic thoracentesis. Five and two patients came for assessment at 6 and 12 months, respectively. They still benefited from doxycycline pleurodesis. Side effects including low grade fever in 30% of patients, moderate to severe pain in 60% and troublesome cough with hemoptysis in one patient (3%) were noted. Doxycycline is an effective agent in controlling MPE. It was successful in every patient at 1 month and in 92% at 3 months. At 6 and 12 months quite a few patients survived for evaluation. However, they still benefited from doxycycline pleurodesis. Side effects were tolerable.
Cross-induction of predominant NPb idiotypic antibodies with derivatives of (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl. (1981)

Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with bovine gamma-globulin (BGG) conjugated with (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl (NP) induced a population of anti-NP antibodies that bear predominantly lambda light chain, exhibit heteroclitic affinity for heterologous NP derivatives, and share NPb idiotype. The present study analyzes the idiotypes of antibodies induced with BGG conjugated with the iodo-, bromo-, or nitro-NP derivatives (NIP, NBrP, and NNP). NIP-BGG, NBrP-BGG, and NNP-BGG, induce specific antibodies bearing NPb idiotype in C57BL/6 or C57BL/10 congenic mice, but not in many other inbred strains. Furthermore, the quantity of NPb idiotype in immune sera from various mouse strains immunized with NIP-BGG, NBrP-BGG, and NNP-BGG was similar to that in sera from mice immunized with NP-BGG. Anti-idiotypic antisera against C57BL anti-NP, anti-NIP, or anti-NBrP antibodies exhibit extensive idiotype binding of specifically purified B6 anti-NP, -NIP, -NBrP, and -NNP antibodies. These purified antibodies contain a high percentage (greater than 70%) of lambda-chain-bearing molecules. The data indicate that an extensively shared repertoire composed of predominantly lambda-bearing NPb-positive idiotypic antibodies is used in response to NP and its derivatives in C57BL mice.
Immobilized polyphosphate kinase: preparation, properties, and potential for use in adenosine 5′‐triphosphate regeneration (1988)

Polyphosphate kinase (ATP:polyphosphate phosphotransferase; EC 2.7.4.1), partially purified from Escherichia coli, has been immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated aminoethyl cellulose with a 10% retention of enzymatic activity. The immobilized enzyme can carry out the synthesis of ATP from ADP, using long-chain inorganic polyphosphate as a phosphoryl donor. Chromatographic analyses of the product mixture produced from ADP and [32P]polyphosphate demonstrated that 98% of the 32P was incorporated into ATP, indicating that the immobilized polyphosphate kinase is substantially free from contaminating polyphosphate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.6.1.11), adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.4), and adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3). Immobilized polyphosphate kinase loses no activity when stored in an aqueous suspension for 2 months at 5 degrees C or for 1-2 weeks at 25 degrees C. It may be stored indefinitely as a lyophilized powder at -10 degrees C. Michaelis constants for ADP and polyphosphate were determined to be 160 and 120 microM, respectively, for the immobilized enzyme. A small-batch reactor was found to produce ATP linearly with time up to 65% conversion of polyphosphate into ATP and to attain greater than 85% conversion to ATP at equilibrium. The ease of purification and immobilization of E. coli polyphosphate kinase, its storage stability, the purity and yield of its ATP product, and the low values of the Michaelis constants for its substrates make it a highly promising enzyme for ATP regeneration.
Evaluation of Post-Harvest Procedures for Quality Enhancement in the Louisiana Commercial Shrimp Industry (2021)

The Louisiana commercial shrimp fishery has faced numerous challenges, and the number of fishermen is declining at an alarming rate. The opportunity may exist to add value to the industry by creating a superior product through optimal operating procedures. Post-harvest processes of plate freezing were analyzed to develop a high-quality shrimp product capable of fostering economic growth for fishermen. Sulfite-free melanosis prevention testing used 4-hexylresorcinol treatments in combination with vacuum-packing and modified atmosphere packing to delay the onset of black spot. The physical and chemical properties of plate frozen shrimp were analyzed from collaborating fishermen. Results found 4-hexylresorcinol products successfully inhibited black spot development for up to 10 days. Vacuum-packing and modified atmosphere packing did not have significant effects on melanosis inhibition. The use of plate freezers both onboard and at docks has the potential to improve shrimp quality, as well as advance the economic stability of the industry.
Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities of Covalent Crystals (1969)

The dielectric theory of electronegativity differences is used to calculate second- and third-order nonlinear susceptibilities of covalent crystals. With no adjustable parameters excellent agreement is obtained for ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ when allowance is made for Coulombic correlations. The experimental values ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ appear to be in error.
Predicting Subsequent Visual Field Loss in Glaucomatous Subjects With Disc Hemorrhage Using Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Polarimetry (2005)

Wavelet-Fourier analysis can differentiate progressors from non-progressors with moderate accuracy. Comparison to a prior study of this same cohort emphasizes that relatively small regions must be considered (as opposed to larger quadrants) to see these significant changes in RNFL.
A new approach to hierarchical clustering for the analysis of genomic data (2006)

Clustering algorithms in biomedical disciplines are usually selected between two main families, k-means and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. These methods are well studied and well established. However, both categories have some drawbacks related to data dimensionality (for partitional algorithms) and to the bottom-up structure (for hierarchical algorithms). To overcome these limitations, we present a hierarchical clustering algorithm based on a completely different principle, which is the analysis of shared farthest neighbors. The principle of operation and the rationale are illustrated, and experimental results on different data sets are presented.
<i>Human Rights Act 1998:</i> Implications for Community Care Services (2000)

The Human Rights Act 1998 is due to come into force on 2 October 2000. This article considers the impact this legislation will have on local social services and health authorities and looks at some recent cases as examples of how the courts may approach human rights points in practice. It warns authorities not to be complacent and urges them to review policies and procedures in readiness for the implementation of the Act.