gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The complete genome of hyperthermophile <i>Methanopyrus kandleri AV19</i> and monophyly of archaeal methanogens (2002)

We have determined the complete 1,694,969-nt sequence of the GC-rich genome of Methanopyrus kandleri by using a whole direct genome sequencing approach. This approach is based on unlinking of genomic DNA with the ThermoFidelase version of M. kandleri topoisomerase V and cycle sequencing directed by 2'-modified oligonucleotides (Fimers). Sequencing redundancy (3.3x) was sufficient to assemble the genome with less than one error per 40 kb. Using a combination of sequence database searches and coding potential prediction, 1,692 protein-coding genes and 39 genes for structural RNAs were identified. M. kandleri proteins show an unusually high content of negatively charged amino acids, which might be an adaptation to the high intracellular salinity. Previous phylogenetic analysis of 16S RNA suggested that M. kandleri belonged to a very deep branch, close to the root of the archaeal tree. However, genome comparisons indicate that, in both trees constructed using concatenated alignments of ribosomal proteins and trees based on gene content, M. kandleri consistently groups with other archaeal methanogens. M. kandleri shares the set of genes implicated in methanogenesis and, in part, its operon organization with Methanococcus jannaschii and Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicum. These findings indicate that archaeal methanogens are monophyletic. A distinctive feature of M. kandleri is the paucity of proteins involved in signaling and regulation of gene expression. Also, M. kandleri appears to have fewer genes acquired via lateral transfer than other archaea. These features might reflect the extreme habitat of this organism.
The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. (2015)

Decades after the first patients were treated with antibiotics, bacterial infections have again become a threat because of the rapid emergence of resistant bacteria-a crisis attributed to abuse of these medications and a lack of new drug development.
Spreading resistance:A quantitative tool for process control and development (1992)

During the last five years much work has been done in developing the spreading resistance technique. This work has led to a much clearer understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the technique. It has been shown that it is capable of producing carrier concentration profiles which are accurate enough to be used in process control and development. A review is presented which highlights the three steps necessary to obtain such data. These are the optimization of the acquisition of raw data, the conversion of the raw data to carrier profiles, and finally the interpretation and use of the final profiles. A great emphasis is placed on the need to acquire the most accurate and reproducible data and on the methods which are used to achieve this objective. For the accurate profiling of ultrashallow layers such procedures are shown to be of paramount importance.
Epidermal lipids and scaling diseases of the skin. (1992)

Alterations in epidermal lipid content or metabolism underlie several scaling diseases of the skin in man and experimental animals. The importance of cholesterol to epidermal homeostasis and normal desquamation is demonstrated by the scaling disorder produced by topical applications of lovastatin in experimental animals, and by the imbalance of the cholesterol sulfate:cholesterol ratio in stratum corneum in patients with recessive X-linked ichthyosis. The essential fatty acid-deficient rodent illustrates the importance of linoleic acid to epidermal function. Finally, a defect in lamellar body organellogenesis may underlie harlequin ichthyosis.
Ökosystem, Umwelt und Marketing (1996)

Der Natur- und Umweltschutz hat in der öffentlichen Diskussion einen hohen Stellenwert erlangt. Diese Bedeutung schlägt sich nicht nur in naturwissenschaftlichen, sondern auch in ökonomischen Abhandlungen nieder. Im Bereich der Volkswirtschaftslehre initialisierte die erste Veröffentlichung des Club of Rome zu den Grenzen des Wachstums 197231 eine systematische Beschäftigung zunächst einmal mit umweltökonomischen und umweltpolitischen Fragestellungen.
Transcription-Dependent Induction of G<sub>1</sub> Phase during the Zebra Fish Midblastula Transition (1997)

The early development of the zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo is characterized by a series of rapid and synchronous cell cycles with no detectable transcription. This period is followed by the midblastula transition (MBT), during which the cell cycle gradually lengthens, cell synchrony is lost, and zygotic transcription is initially detected. In this work, we examined the changes in the pattern of the cell cycle during MBT in zebra fish and whether these changes are dependent on the initiation of zygotic transcription. To characterize the pattern of the early zebra fish cell cycles, the embryonic DNA content was determined by flow cytometric analysis. We found that G1 phase is below detection levels during the first 10 cleavages and can be initially detected at the onset of MBT. Inhibition of zygotic transcription, by microinjection of actinomycin D, abolished the appearance of G1 phase at MBT. Premature activation of zygotic transcription, by microinjection of nonspecific DNA, induced G1 phase before the onset of MBT, while coinjection of actinomycin D and nonspecific DNA abolished this early appearance of G1 phase. We therefore suggest that during the early development of the zebra fish embryo, G1 phase appears at the onset of MBT and that the activation of transcription at MBT is essential and sufficient for the G1-phase induction.
High‐resolution human diffusion tensor imaging using 2‐D navigated multishot SENSE EPI at 7 T (2012)

The combination of parallel imaging with partial Fourier acquisition has greatly improved the performance of diffusion-weighted single-shot EPI and is the preferred method for acquisitions at low to medium magnetic field strength such as 1.5 or 3 T. Increased off-resonance effects and reduced transverse relaxation times at 7 T, however, generate more significant artifacts than at lower magnetic field strength and limit data acquisition. Additional acceleration of k-space traversal using a multishot approach, which acquires a subset of k-space data after each excitation, reduces these artifacts relative to conventional single-shot acquisitions. However, corrections for motion-induced phase errors are not straightforward in accelerated, diffusion-weighted multishot EPI because of phase aliasing. In this study, we introduce a simple acquisition and corresponding reconstruction method for diffusion-weighted multishot EPI with parallel imaging suitable for use at high field. The reconstruction uses a simple modification of the standard sensitivity-encoding (SENSE) algorithm to account for shot-to-shot phase errors; the method is called image reconstruction using image-space sampling function (IRIS). Using this approach, reconstruction from highly aliased in vivo image data using 2-D navigator phase information is demonstrated for human diffusion-weighted imaging studies at 7 T. The final reconstructed images show submillimeter in-plane resolution with no ghosts and much reduced blurring and off-resonance artifacts.
Proteomics on a chip: Promising developments (2001)

The field of proteomics is expanding rapidly due to the completion of the human genome and the realization that genomic information is often insufficient to comprehend cellular mechanisms. This considerable expansion of proteomics towards high-throughput platforms is stressing its current technical capabilities. In recent years, technologies in microfluidic and array technologies have appeared for proteomics. These novel approaches might help solve current technical challenges in proteomics. This review presents a general survey of the recent development in microfluidic and array technologies from a proteomics perspective.
Methodology for Studying the Wettability of Filaments (1975)

Some of the limitations inherent in the use of directly measured contact angles for.the determination of filament wetta bility are discussed, and an alternate approach based on the Wilhelmy balance principle is presented. Mathematical interpretation of data obtained allows for determination of wettable cross-sectional areas in addition to wettability values. The technique has been utilized to demonstrate the effects of several process variables on the surface character of synthetic fibers.
Mining Process Models from Workflow Logs (1997)

Abstract. Modern enterprises increasingly use the work ow paradigm to prescribe how business processes should be performed. Processes are typically modeled as annotated activity graphs. We present an approach for a system that constructs process models from logs of past, unstructured executions of the given process. The graph so produced conforms to the dependencies and past executions present in the log. By providing models that capture the previous executions of the process, this technique allows easier introduction of a work ow system and evaluation and evolution of existing process models. We also present results from applying the algorithm to synthetic data sets as well as process logs obtained from an IBM Flowmark installation. 1
Structural design, biochemical properties, and evidence for improved therapeutic activity of 5-alkyl derivatives of 5-deazaaminopterin and 5-deazamethotrexate compared to methotrexate in murine tumor models. (1988)

Studies are described examining a new class of 4-aminofolate analogues modified by an N to C conversion and alkyl substitution at the N-5 position of aminopterin and methotrexate. All of these analogues were equivalent to aminopterin and methotrexate as inhibitors of tumor cell dihydrofolate reductase (Ki = 3.49-5.16 pM). N to C conversion at the N-5 position of aminopterin reduced its influx (inferred from the change in Ki) 3-fold, but the same modification increased influx of methotrexate 2-3-fold in Sarcoma 180 cells. Alkylation (methyl or ethyl) of this position on 5-deazaaminopterin increased influx 3-fold, while a similar alteration of 5-deazamethotrexate increased influx 4-5-fold. Influx of the methotrexate analogues was increased a total of 14-fold as a result of these modifications. Similar differences among these analogues were observed for inhibition of Sarcoma 180 cell growth in culture. Inhibitory potency was in the ascending order methotrexate less than 5-deazamethotrexate less than 5-deazaaminopterin less than aminopterin less than 5-alkyl (methyl or ethyl) analogues of 5-deazaaminopterin and 5-deazamethotrexate (the ethyl analogues were 2-fold more inhibitory than the methyl analogues). All of the analogues examined were equivalent in regard to efflux from Sarcoma 180 cells. Differences in transport alone did not account for all of the increased inhibitory potency (up to 33-fold) of the 5-alkyl-5-deaza analogues compared to the parent compounds. The extent of polyglutamylation of 5-deazaaminopterin and 5-deazamethotrexate and their 5-alkyl derivatives in Sarcoma 180 cells was substantially less compared to aminopterin and equivalent to methotrexate. Transport inward of 5-deazaaminopterin in isolated crypt cell epithelium from mouse small intestine was 2-fold lower than aminopterin (influx Km = 14.2 +/- 2 microM), while influx of 5-deazamethotrexate was 2-fold greater than methotrexate (influx Km = 98.6 +/- 23). However, transport inward of all of the 5-alkyl derivatives of these 5-deaza analogues was intermediate [influx Km = 44.4 +/- 11 (SEM) to 49.8 +/- 12 microM] between values for aminopterin and methotrexate. These differences accounted, to some extent, for the reduced toxicity of the 5-alkyl-5-deazaaminopterin analogues compared to aminopterin and the increased toxicity of 5-methyl-5-deazamethotrexate compared to methotrexate. All of the 5-alkyl derivatives of aminopterin and methotrexate were more active in vivo than methotrexate against four murine tumor models.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fabrication of $TiO_{2}$ In-line Reflection Mirror and Its Characteristics for Fiber Optic Fabry-Perot Interferometric Sensor (1995)

For the fabrication of high sensitive intrinsic fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometeric sensor, the deposition conditions of thin film used to the internal mirrors of the sensor were investigated. The film deposited by RF magnetron sputter had higher refractive index () and better stoiciometry (O/Ti = 2) than that deposited bye-beam evaporator. In the case of forming internal mirror by using fusion splicing technique, the reflection mirror deposited by RF magnetron sputter in the condition of 120W RF power showed high. reflectance and excellent controllability of reflection power. The fabricated intrinsic fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer with two internal mirrors deposited under the condition showed very stable fringe patterns. It is, therefore, expected that the interferometer will be applicable to various high precision sensors.
Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase c-Yes Interacts with Occludin during Tight Junction Formation in Canine Kidney Epithelial Cells (2002)

Occludin is an integral membrane protein that is tyrosine phosphorylated when localized at tight junctions. When Ca(2+) was depleted from the culture medium, occludin tyrosine phosphorylation was diminished from Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells in 2 min. This dephosphorylation was correlated with a significant reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), indicating a global loss of the tight junction barrier function. Reconstitution of Ca(2+) resulted in a robust tyrosine rephosphorylation of occludin that was temporally associated with an increase in TER. Moreover, we demonstrate in this study that occludin was colocalized with the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Yes at cell junction areas and formed an immunoprecipitable complex with c-Yes in vivo. This complex dissociated when the cells were incubated in medium without Ca(2+) or treated with a c-Yes inhibitor, CGP77675. In the presence of CGP77675 after Ca(2+) repletion, occludin tyrosine phosphorylation was completely abolished and both tight junction formation and the increase of the TER were inhibited. Our study thus provides strong evidence that occludin tyrosine phosphorylation is tightly linked to tight junction formation in epithelial cells, and that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Yes is involved in the regulation of this process.
High-Efficiency Steam Electrolyzer (2002)

We are developing a novel high-efficiency, high-temperature steam electrolyzer. Although water or steam electrolysis is well known to be one of the cleanest ways to produce hydrogen, widespread utilization is hindered by high operational costs because of high electricity consumption. To decrease the electrical power input requirements in electrolysis, our approach uses natural gas as an anode depolarizer. This approach essentially replaces one unit of electricity with one equivalent-energy unit of natural gas at much lower cost. The direct use of natural gas on the electrolyzer enables very high system efficiency with respect to primary energy. Experiments performed on single cells have shown a voltage reduction as much as 1 V when compared to conventional electrolyzers. System efficiency has been estimated to be 50 to 80%, depending on the electrolytic current density. During FY02, we have accomplished several major milestones, including the development of a metal-to-ceramic seal that withstands 150 psi differential, the fabrication of the electrolyzer tubes of up to 16 inches in length, the improvement of single tube performance and the demonstration of the first electrolyzer stack.
WiSec 2011 demo (2011)

We present RFReact, a USRP2-based platform that enables selective and reactive RF jamming. We demonstrate that RFReact is both powerful and versatile with a jamming system that can demodulate the header of an IEEE 802.15.4 packet, decide whether to jam it based on its content, and carry out the decision all while the packet is still on the air.
NAGT Looks at Summer Field Courses (1967)

A questionnaire sent to all degree-granting geoscience departments in the United States and Canada reveals the following information about summer field courses in geology. A majority (81%) of summer field courses operates from either a permanent field station or a series of fixed sites. Most field courses are 4 to 8 weeks long, carry academic credit in a 1:1 ratio with course duration, in weeks, and utilize section measurement and description, work in metamorphic and igneous terrains, and geologic mapping of small simple to complex areas on aerial photographs and/or topographic maps as the chief mechanisms for instruction and learning in the field. Most departments (58%) who offer a field course during the academic year consider it as preparation for the summer field course. Summer field courses are required for graduation at roughly half (54%) of the departments in this country and Canada. Thirty-five percent of the departments recommend a summer field course and eleven percent treat it as optional. In g...
Use of Sildenafil (Viagra) in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease (1999)

A. Use of Viagra clearly contraindicated 1. Concurrent use of nitrates (see Appendix A) B. Cardiovascular effects of Viagra may be potentially hazardous (use dependent on individual clinical assessment) 1. Patients with active coronary ischemia who are not taking nitrates (eg, positive exercise test for ischemia) 2. Patients with congestive heart failure and borderline low blood pressure and borderline low volume status 3. Patients on a complicated, multidrug, antihypertensive program 4. Patients taking drugs that can prolong the half-life of Viagra (see Appendix B)
Optimal integration of renewable energy resources in data centers with behind-the-meter renewable generator (2012)

Because of their intermittency and inter-temporal variations, the integration of renewable energy resources is usually very challenging. Some of the previously proposed solutions, such as the use of energy storage units and fast-responding generators, are costly and may not be desirable in practice. Instead, in this paper, we argue that due to the workload flexibility in the Internet and Cloud Computing data centers they can offer a unique opportunity to tackle the challenges in integrating renewable energy resources. Moreover, by running data centers with behind-the-meter renewable generators, we can significantly reduce not only data centers' energy cost but also their Carbon Footprint. To achieve these objectives, we propose to optimally distribute the workload among geographically dispersed data centers such that we can benefit from the location diversity of different types of available renewable energy resources. The quality-of-service is guaranteed by real-time monitoring of the queue lengths and effectively stabilizing short queue lengths in each data center. Simulation results, based on various experimental data, show that the proposed design can significantly reduce data centers' cost of electricity while maintaining quality-of-service.
Identification of the Site-Specific DNA Invertase Responsible for the Phase Variation of SusC/SusD Family Outer Membrane Proteins in <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> (2009)

The human gut microbe Bacteroides fragilis can alter the expression of its surface molecules, such as capsular polysaccharides and SusC/SusD family outer membrane proteins, through reversible DNA inversions. We demonstrate here that DNA inversions at 12 invertible regions, including three gene clusters for SusC/SusD family proteins, were controlled by a single tyrosine site-specific recombinase (Tsr0667) encoded by BF0667 in B. fragilis strain YCH46. Genetic disruption of BF0667 diminished or attenuated shufflon-type DNA inversions at all three susC/susD genes clusters, as well as simple DNA inversions at nine other loci, most of which colocalized with susC/susD family genes. The inverted repeat sequences found within the Tsr0667-regulated invertible regions shared the consensus motif sequence AGTYYYN(4)GDACT. Tsr0667 specifically mediated the DNA inversions of 10 of the 12 regions, even under an Escherichia coli background when the invertible regions were exposed to BF0667 in E. coli cells. Thus, Tsr0667 is an additional globally acting DNA invertase in B. fragilis, which probably involves the selective expression of SusC/SusD family outer membrane proteins.
Techniques for Random Masking in Hardware (2007)

A new technique for Boolean random masking of the logic and operation in terms of nand logic gates is proposed and applied for masking the integer addition. The new technique can be used for masking arbitrary cryptographic functions and is more efficient than previously known techniques, recently applied to the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). New techniques for the conversions from Boolean to arithmetic random masking and vice versa are also developed. They are hardware oriented and do not require additional random bits. Unlike the previous, software-oriented techniques showing a substantial difference in the complexity of the two conversions, they have a comparable complexity being about the same as that of one integer addition only. All the techniques proposed are in theory secure against the first-order differential power analysis on the logic gate level. They can be applied in hardware implementations of various cryptographic functions, including AES, (keyed) SHA-1, IDEA, and RC6
A Neural Multi-digraph Model for Chinese NER with Gazetteers (2019)

Gazetteers were shown to be useful resources for named entity recognition (NER) Many existing approaches to incorporating gazetteers into machine learning based NER systems rely on manually defined selection strategies or handcrafted templates, which may not always lead to optimal effectiveness, especially when multiple gazetteers are involved. This is especially the case for the task of Chinese NER, where the words are not naturally tokenized, leading to additional ambiguities. To automatically learn how to incorporate multiple gazetteers into an NER system, we propose a novel approach based on graph neural networks with a multidigraph structure that captures the information that the gazetteers offer. Experiments on various datasets show that our model is effective in incorporating rich gazetteer information while resolving ambiguities, outperforming previous approaches.
Wide band antireflective coatings Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ HfO<sub>2</sub>/ MgF<sub>2</sub>for UV region (2013)

Deposition technology of the three layers antireflective coatings consists of hafnium compound are presented in this paper. Oxide films were deposited by means of e-gun evaporation in vacuum of 5x10<sup>-5</sup> mbar in presence of oxygen and fluoride films by thermal evaporation. Substrate temperature was 250°C. Coatings were deposited onto optical lenses made from quartz glass (Corning HPFS). Thickness and deposition rate were controlled by thickness measuring system Inficon XTC/2. Simulations leading to optimization of thickness and experimental results of optical measurements carried during and after deposition process were presented. Physical thickness measurements were made during deposition process and were equal to 43 nm/74 nm/51 nm for Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> / HfO<sub>2</sub> / MgF<sub>2</sub> respectively. Optimization was carried out for ultraviolet region from 230nm to the beginning of visible region 400 nm. In this region the average reflectance of the antireflective coating was less than 0.5% in the whole range of application.