gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monetary Policy and Asset Price Channel: Recommendations for the Policy Makers of Developing Countries (2015)

Given the lack of strong institutional framework and relatively unstable political situation in developing countries, it is very essential to come up with a different and suitable monetary policy for those countries. A longstanding macroeconomic issue is how monetary policy affects the real economy. Asset price channel is one of the most important channels of monetary transmission mechanism. In this study, we explored the asset price channel of monetary transmission mechanism in a developing country’s setup. We carried out our analysis in the framework of Vector Auto Regression while taking account of all the limitations of time series data. Our benchmark model accounts for simultaneity and interdependence among variables. We tested for both short and long term relationships. Our data set contains quarterly data for twenty years. We applied Johansen Co integration test, Vector Error Correction Model and Granger causality. We came across some puzzling and alarming results.  Our analysis reveals that stock prices have a negative long run relationship with investment and output while it is generally expected that a tight monetary policy is linked with decrease in prices.  This kind of puzzling results should be taken into consideration by the central bank. Further, the analysis of the long term relationship between investment and other variables reveal that there is negative long run relationship between investment and interest rate; therefore, the central bank should be cautious while taking monetary policy actions. Interest rate is not causing any of the variables included in the asset price channel which means that interest rate is a weak policy tool as for as its effect in the asset price channel is concerned. Keywords : Asset price channel, monetary transmission mechanism, money supply, stock prices, economic policies.
A probabilistic approach for the optimisation of ultrasonic array inspection techniques (2014)

Ultrasonic arrays are now used routinely for the inspection of engineering structures in order to maintain their integrity and assess their performance. Such inspections are usually optimised manually using empirical measurements and parametric studies which are laborious, time-consuming, and may not result in an optimal approach. In this paper, a general framework for the optimisation of ultrasonic array inspection techniques in NDE is presented. Defect detection rate is set as the main inspection objective and used to assess the performance of the optimisation framework. Statistical modelling of the inspection is used to form the optimisation problem and incorporate inspection uncertainty such as crack type and location, material properties and geometry, etc. A genetic algorithm is used to solve the global optimisation problem. As a demonstration, the optimisation framework is used with two objective functions based on array signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The optimal use of plane B-scan and total focusing method imaging algorithms is also investigated. The performance of the optimisation scheme is explored in simulation and then validated experimentally. It has been found that, for the inspection scenarios considered, TFM provides better detectability in a statistical sense than plane B-scan imaging in scenarios where uncertainty in the inspection is expected.
Identification of An Antigen Common to Listeria monocytogenes and Other Bacteria. (1960)

L. monocytogenes (types 1, 2, 3, 4a, and 4b) produces a heterogenetic antigen demonstrable by hemagglutination test with suitable antisera. Sheep erythrocytes modified by this antigen are lysed in presence of (rabbit) antiserum and guinea pig complement. Antibodies against this antigen are present in certain L. monocytogenes and S. aureus (rabbit) antisera and can be removed by absorption with either L. monocytogenes (of all types), S. aureus, or B. subtilis. The findings may help to avoid a possible pitfall in interpretation of serologic tests for species specific L. monocytogenes antibodies.
High-throughput screening for modulators of cellular contractile force (2015)

When cellular contractile forces are central to pathophysiology, these forces comprise a logical target of therapy. Nevertheless, existing high-throughput screens are limited to upstream signalling intermediates with poorly defined relationships to such a physiological endpoint. Using cellular force as the target, here we report a new screening technology and demonstrate its applications using human airway smooth muscle cells in the context of asthma and Schlemm's canal endothelial cells in the context of glaucoma. This approach identified several drug candidates for both asthma and glaucoma. We attained rates of 1000 compounds per screening day, thus establishing a force-based cellular platform for high-throughput drug discovery.
Stability Simulation Of Wind Turbine Systems (1983)

A simulation and digital computer modeling effort is described in which a wind turbine- generator system is adapted for stability evaluation using a large scale transient stability computer program. Component models of the MOD-2 wind generator system are described and their digital model equations are provided. A versatile wind velocity model is described, which provides the capability of simulating a wide variety of wind variations, in addition to the usual network disturbances. Computed results obtained from runs of the enhanced stability program are provided that illustrate the wind turbine-generator system dynamic performance for changes in wind velocity.
Optical Amplifier System Design and Field Trial (1992)

Optical Amplifiers may find applications in long haul terrestrial transmission systems. However, optically amplified systems must be designed differently from digitally regenerated systems. To test the practicality of using optical amplifiers in the network, we have done a 4 channel field experiment spanning 840 km of dispersive fiber through 13 amplifiers. We discuss the field experiment and results, and implications for system design.
Operation of the permanent magnet synchronous machine without a mechanical sensor (1990)

Permanent synchronous machines (PSM) score against asynchronous machines because of their simple control structure and a higher efficiency due to the small rotor losses. The necessity of sensors for angular speed and position represents a considerable restriction of robustness. Because of this, it is the aim of much research to substitute the mechanical sensors with more sophisticated models using only electrical quantities. If a certain angular velocity is exceeded, it is possible to determine the electrical rotor position from the EMF, which can simply be calculated from electrical terminal quantities (Schroedl and Stefan (1988)). At standstill and at low angular velocity, the EMF decreases and thus cannot be utilized to detect the rotor position. The author presents a new method for estimating angular position, velocity and load torque of PSMs. The method works properly at any speed and load condition. It combines the INFORM-principle ('indirect flux detection by online reactance measurement') by Schroedl and Stefan and the Kalman filter technique. >
ChemInform Abstract: Development of 2,2‐Dimethylchromanol Cysteinyl LT<sub>1</sub> Receptor Antagonists. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Diffusion Bonding between Hard Metal and Tool Steel (1987)

Diffusion bonding between hard metal (WC-Co) and tool steel (SK5) was carried out by holding at 1103 K for 3.6 ks under the applied pressure of 12 MPa in vacuum using Ni-foil as an insert metal. After such an operation, the specimens were subjected to the further heating at 1273 K (holding for various durations without loading pressure) in order to attain the advanced diffusion.The experimental results showed that both the decrease of the heating and cooling velocities during the bonding operation and the occurrence of martensitic transformation in the SK5 side of the bonded specimens quenched after heating at 1063 K introduce the reduction of internal stress in the inserted Ni-foil layer. These effects was a cause for an appreciable improvement of the bonding strength.A high value of bonding strength, 630 MPa, was obtained by the tensile test of the bonded specimens.
Then Maurice Janowitz Came Over and Said to Goffman, “Cut It Out, Erving” (2008)

This interview with Jeffrey Goldfarb, professor of sociology at the New School for Social Research, was recorded at the ASA meeting in Boston on August 3, 2008. Dmitri Shalin transcribed the interview, after which Dr. Goldfarb corrected the transcripts and gave his approval for posting the present version in the Erving Goffman Archives. Breaks in the conversation flow are indicated by ellipses. Supplementary information appears in square brackets. Undecipherable words and unclear passages are identified in the text as “[?]”. The interviewer’s questions are shortened in several places.
Towards “Smarter” Vehicles Through Cloud-Backed Swarm Cognition (2018)

We consider an exciting new computing paradigm called cloud-backed swarm cognition. It refers to an envisioned future where (mobile) edge devices work together collaboratively to provide intelligent services. The cloud provides a resilient back-up cover and supervision for such services. A specific example domain is that of smart, connected autonomous vehicles (e.g., cars, buses, trucks, or drones). In this computational paradigm, the cloud serves as the (relatively) stable repository of reference knowledge that is less frequently accessed than in non-swarm computation. The “vehicle swarm on the other hand, serves as a (relatively) dynamic cache of knowledge at the “edge.” Leveraging the collaborative swarm mode reduces real-time deadline pressures at the individual node level, while improving edge resilience through redundancy. Overall, this leads to smarter vehicles through: (a) improved edge inferential accuracy and (b) improved system-level energy efficiency. In this paper, we consider the system architecture represented by the cloud-backed swarm cognition apparatus. We provide a visionary perspective of the fundamental trade-offs that one must model and interpret in tuning the parameters of this new architecture in a scenario where a swarm of connected cars conducts real-time traffic sign recognition.
Advances in Microporous and Mesoporous Solids—Highlights of Recent Progress (2003)

Abstract This report highlights developments in the fields of microporous and mesoporous materials that were published mostly during the year 2002. Selected examples are provided to illustrate new zeolite structures, porous coordination materials, mesoporous solids with new compositions, controlled morphologies, and increased hydrothermal and thermal stabilities, as well as porous solids with tunable pore openings or other structural features that can be dynamically modified. A number of applications are discussed, including stabilization of reactive guests, separations, electronic materials, and sensors.
Comparative evaluation of accuracy of extraction of medication information from narrative physician notes by commercial and academic natural language processing software packages. (2006)

Medication information is frequently only found in narrative physician notes. It is now possible to extract medication data from narrative documents using NLP technology. A number of commercial and academic NLP software packages can perform this function. In this paper we report the first comparative evaluation of their accuracy. Evaluation was carried out on 150 notes randomly selected from electronic medical record. NLP software results were compared to manual abstraction of medication data by two independent reviewers. Recall, precision and F-measure for identification of medication names, doses, frequencies, routes and inactive status were computed. For different data categories, recall ranged from 6.6% to 90.6%, and precision from 16.7% to 96.6%. Recall was highest for medication names and lowest for identification of inactive medications; there were no significant differences in precision between data categories. NLP software accuracy improved significantly over the last decade but further improvements are needed, particularly in analysis of complex sentences.
A SURVEY OF MOTION-BASED MULTITARGET TRACKING METHODS (2015)

Multitarget tracking (MTT) in surveillance system is extremely challenging, due to uncertain data association, maneuverable target motion, dense clutter disturbance, and real-time processing requirements. A good many methods have been proposed to cope with these challenges. However, no up-to-date survey is available in the literature that can help to select suitable tracking algorithm for practical problem. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art motion-based MTT techniques, classifies existing methods into two groups, i.e., the detect-beforetrack (DBT) scheme and the track-before-detect (TBD) scheme. The DBT scheme is employed to achieve robust and tractable tracking performance when the signal-noise-ratio (SNR) is strong. The TBD scheme is used in the scenarios of low SNR, and it aims to cumulate target energy by multiple sensor frames. Furthermore, depending on the data association mechanism, the DBT methods can be classified into two categories, data association based approaches and finite set statistics (FISST) based approaches. And the TBD methods can be classified into non-Bayesian approaches and Bayesian approaches depending on the basis theory used for tracking. For each category, this paper provides the detailed descriptions of the representative algorithms, and examines their pros and cons. Finally, new trends for future research directions are offered.
Two-dimensional NMR experiments for correlating carbon-13.beta. and proton.delta./.epsilon. chemical shifts of aromatic residues in 13C-labeled proteins via scalar couplings (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo-dimensional NMR experiments for correlating carbon-13.beta. and proton.delta./.epsilon. chemical shifts of aromatic residues in 13C-labeled proteins via scalar couplingsToshio Yamazaki, Julie D. Forman-Kay, and Lewis E. KayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 23, 11054–11055Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00076a099https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00076a099research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1234Altmetric-Citations371LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
α2-Macroglobulin Functions as a Cytokine Carrier to Induce Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Cause Nitric Oxide-dependent Cytotoxicity in the RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cell Line (1995)

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of macrophage activities. We studied the regulation of macrophage NO synthesis by alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M), a proteinase inhibitor and carrier of certain growth factors, including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Native alpha 2M and the alpha 2M receptor-recognized derivative, alpha 2M-methylamine (alpha 2M-MA), increased nitrite generation by the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The level of nitrite accumulation, which is an index of NO synthesis, was comparable to that observed with interferon-gamma. Native alpha 2M and alpha 2M-MA also increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels and substantially reduced the number of viable cells, as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium/succiny l dehydrogenase assay or trypan blue exclusion. At slightly higher alpha 2M concentrations, [3H]thymidine incorporation was inhibited. All of these activities were counteracted nearly completely when the iNOS competitive inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine was included. By in situ nick translation, native alpha 2M and alpha 2M-MA increased the percentage of cells with detectable single strand chromatin nicks from 4 to 12 and 17%, respectively. This change suggested apoptosis; however, electron microscopy studies demonstrated variability in the morphology of injured cells. To determine the mechanism by which alpha 2M increases macrophage NO synthesis, we studied proteolytic alpha 2M derivatives that retain partial activity. A 600-kDa derivative that retains growth factor binding activity increased RAW 264.7 cell NO synthesis and iNOS mRNA levels comparable to native alpha 2M and alpha 2M-MA. The purified 18-kDa alpha 2M receptor-binding fragment had no effect on NO synthesis or iNOS expression. Thus, the growth factor-carrier activity of alpha 2M and not its receptor-binding activity is essential for NO synthesis regulation. A TGF-beta-neutralizing antibody mimicked the activity of alpha 2M, increasing RAW 264.7 cell NO synthesis and decreasing cellular viability. These studies demonstrate that alpha 2M can regulate macrophage NO synthesis and profoundly affect cellular function without gaining entry into the cell and without binding specific plasma membrane receptors.
LRRK2 Phosphorylates Tubulin-Associated Tau but Not the Free Molecule: LRRK2-Mediated Regulation of the Tau-Tubulin Association and Neurite Outgrowth (2012)

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a large protein kinase containing multi-functional domains, has been identified as the causal molecule for autosomal-dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that (i) LRRK2 interacts with tau in a tubulin-dependent manner; (ii) LRRK2 directly phosphorylates tubulin-associated tau, but not free tau; (iii) LRRK2 phosphorylates tau at Thr181 as one of the target sites; and (iv) The PD-associated LRRK2 mutations, G2019S and I2020T, elevated the degree of tau-phosphorylation. These results provide direct proof that tau is a physiological substrate for LRRK2. Furthermore, we revealed that LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of tau reduces its tubulin-binding ability. Our results suggest that LRRK2 plays an important role as a physiological regulator for phosphorylation-mediated dissociation of tau from microtubules, which is an integral aspect of microtubule dynamics essential for neurite outgrowth and axonal transport.
Automated refactoring of object oriented code into aspects (2005)

This paper presents a human-guided automated approach to refactoring object oriented programs to the aspect oriented paradigm. The approach is based upon the iterative application of four steps: discovery, enabling, selection, and refactoring. After discovering potentially applicable refactorings, the enabling step transforms the code to improve refactorability. During the selection phase the particular refactorings to apply are chosen. Finally, the refactoring phase transforms the code by moving the selected code to a new aspect. This paper presents the results of an evaluation in which one of the crosscutting concerns of a 40,000 LoC program (JHotDraw) is refactored.
Extracting concepts from file names: a new file clustering criterion (1998)

Decomposing complex software systems into conceptually independent subsystems is a significant software engineering activity which received considerable research attention. Most of the research in this domain considers the body of the source code; trying to cluster together files which are conceptually related. We discuss techniques for extracting concepts (abbreviations) from a more informal source of information: file names. The task is difficult because nothing indicates where to split the file names into substrings. In general, finding abbreviations would require domain knowledge to identify the concepts that are referred to in a name and intuition to recognize such concepts in abbreviated forms. We show by experiment that the techniques we propose allow about 90% of the abbreviations to be found automatically.
Effect of cross-phase modulation on supercontinuum generated in microstructured fibers with sub-30 fs pulses (2004)

We investigate the effects of cross-phase modulation between the solitons and dispersive waves present in a supercontinuum generated in microstructured fibers by sub-30 fs pulses. Cross-phase modulation is shown to have a crucial importance as it extends the supercontinuum towards shorter wavelengths. The experimental observations are confirmed through numerical simulations.
A monopole-probe-based quasi-optical amplifier array (1997)

A quasi-optical amplifier array designed for Ku-band operation is presented. Orthogonal monopole-probe antennas are used to couple the power into, and out from, an array of microstrip-based amplifiers. The array has a gain of 5.4 dB at 16.4 GHz using packaged high electron mobility transistors (HEMT's). This gain is 3.5 dB below the maximum stable gain for this device at this frequency.
Presence of a spermatogenic-specific promoter in the rat growth hormone- releasing hormone gene (1995)

A GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) messenger RNA (mRNA) has been identified in hypothalamus, placenta, and testicular germ cells. The GHRH mRNA produced by spermatogenic cells is approximately 1700 nucleotides in length, whereas GHRH transcripts in hypothalamus and placenta are 750 nucleotides. To correlate the structure of testicular GHRH mRNA with cell type-specific expression, we determined its sequence. A GHRH clone isolated from a rat testicular complementary DNA library was found to be identical in the coding sequence to hypothalamic GHRH. Rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends analysis of the 5'-end of germ cell GHRH mRNA and comparison with the genomic sequence revealed that GHRH transcription in testis initiates approximately 700 basepairs 5' to transcription initiation in placenta and 10.7 kilobasepairs 5' to that in hypothalamus. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of germ cell RNA using primers from testicular exons 1 and 4 demonstrated that part of the placental exon 1 sequence is contained in some testicular GHRH transcripts, as an extra exon, between testicular exon 1 and the common exon 2. This was confirmed by a Northern blot of testicular mRNA using a testicular exon 1 probe. The 5'-flanking region of the testicular GHRH gene was analyzed and found to contain a TATA-like motif and sequences homologous to spermatogenic-specific cis-acting elements. Southern blot analysis of rat liver DNA suggested that just one GHRH gene is present in rat. These results indicate that both alternative transcription initiation and splicing of the GHRH gene exist in rat testicular germ cells.