gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Nanowire and Mesoporous Low‐Temperature LiCoO<sub>2</sub> by a Post‐Templating Reaction (2005)

Giving in to templation: Lithium-containing nanostructured transition metal oxides have been prepared by a templating route with preservation of the nanostructure. Both one-dimensional nanowire and three-dimensional mesoporous samples of low-temperature (LT)-LiCoO2 with highly crystalline structures (see image) have been obtained, and these perform better than “normal” LT-LiCoO2 as intercalation electrodes in lithium batteries. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z501663_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Isotope Effects on the Lipophilicity of Deuterated Caffeines (1989)

Abstract In the present study, it is confirmed that the deuteration of CH groups is accompanied by a small but genuine decrease in lipophilicity. The lipophilicity of deuterated isotopomers of caffeine was measured by reversed‐phase HPLC. Overall, lipophilicity was shown to decrease when going from unlabelled caffeine to the three isomeric trideuterated caffeines, then to the three isomeric hexadeuterated caffeines, and finally to nonadeuterated caffeine. In addition, position‐specific effects were also proven. E.g. (7‐ methyl ‐ 2 H 3 )caffeine experienced a smaller isotope effect than its two positional isomers. Both a cavity factor (decreased volume of deuterated isotopomers) and intramolecular electronic effects are postulated to operate.
3-D printed miniaturized diaphragm vacuum pump (2017)

This paper reports the first demonstration of a fully additively manufactured, miniature diaphragm vacuum pump. Using polyjet 3-D printing technology with 42 μm XY pixelation and 25 μm layer height, a single-stage vacuum pump design with active valves that has a total pumping volume of 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> with 5% dead volume was implemented. While operating at 3.27 Hz, the devices consistently pumped down from atmospheric pressure to 330 Torr in under 50 seconds (8.7 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /min effective flow rate, which is >300X the highest reported flow rate from a diaphragm vacuum pump manufactured with standard microfabrication). Finite element simulations of the pump design estimate at 100 kPa the maximum stress on the piston diaphragm root at full actuation, and at 42 Hz the natural frequency of the compression chamber. Compression chamber diaphragms exhibited lifetimes approaching 20,000 cycles, while the valves membranes have not leaked after over 1,000,000 cycles.
Investigation of Polycarbonate Degradation by Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Its Impact on Final Performance (1993)

A novel use of fluorescence spectroscopy as a sensitive, rapid, and nondestructive technique for the study of degradation in solid-state polycarbonate is described. The technique is especially suited for the study of degradation in aromatic polymers such as polycarbonate, but in principle it should have wider application. A comparison is made of emission and excitation spectra of bisphenol A polycarbonate with spectra of model compounds selected to represent previously established degradation products. The reported thermal and UV degradation products for polycarbonate in the presence and absence of air, respectively, are verified by a comparison of the emission and excitation peaks of the model compounds and the degraded polymer. The progress of thermal degradation as a function of processing temperature has been tracked by measuring the emission peak intensities of the degradation products and then correlating them with bulk performance measures of the polymer. The technique described is intended to serve as a rapid method of identifying the presence of known or proposed degradative pathways rather than as a substitute for more rigorous techniques of chemical and physical analysis. Potential applications of this technique as an aid in polymer processing as well as its extension to UV degradation studies and relationship with optical performance are also discussed.
Some Recent Developments and Current Problems in Metal Analysis (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Recent Developments and Current Problems in Metal AnalysisR. M. FowlerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 12, 1949–1951Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60156a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (431 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Axon Growth and Guidance: Receptor Regulation and Signal Transduction (2009)

The development of precise connectivity patterns during the establishment of the nervous system depends on the regulated action of diverse, conserved families of guidance cues and their neuronal receptors. Determining how these signaling pathways function to regulate axon growth and guidance is fundamentally important to understanding wiring specificity in the nervous system and will undoubtedly shed light on many neural developmental disorders. Considerable progress has been made in defining the mechanisms that regulate the correct spatial and temporal distribution of guidance receptors and how these receptors in turn signal to the growth cone cytoskeleton to control steering decisions. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms mediating growth cone guidance with a particular emphasis on the control of guidance receptor regulation and signaling.
Optimal current patterns for three-dimensional electric current computed tomography (2003)

Basic investigations of the detectability of small targets in a three-dimensional cylindrical saline phantom are described. Distinguishability, a measure of target detectability, is defined, and the effects of electrode geometry, target volume and target height on distinguishability are reported. An algorithm that computes current patterns that maximize distinguishability in a three-dimensional electrode array is described and tested. The results show that the algorithm greatly increases distinguishability for small, off-center targets and converges quickly to optimal current patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
REVISED GROWTH-STAGE KEY FOR BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS AND B. NAPUS (1975)

not available
Rapid model parameterization from traffic measurements (2002)

The utility of simulations and analysis heavily relies on good models of network traffic. While network traffic constantly is changing over time, existing approaches typically take years from collecting trace, analyzing the data to finally generating and implementing models. In this paper, we describe approaches and tools that support rapid parameterization of traffic models from live network measurements. Rather than treating measured traffic as a time-series of statistics, we utilize the traces to estimate end-user behavior and network conditions to generate application-level simulation models. We also show multi-scaling analytic techniques are helpful for debugging and validating the model. To demonstrate our approaches, we develop structural source-level models for web and FTP traffic and evaluate their accuracy by comparing the outputs of simulation against the original trace. We also compare our work with existing traffic generation tools and show our approach is more flexible in capturing the heterogeneity of traffic. Finally, we automate and integrate the process from trace analysis to model validation for easy model parameterization from new data.
Effects of supplemental ractopamine and L-carnitine on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and carcass traits of male broiler chicks (2011)

This experiment was conducted to consider the effect of ractopamine and L-carnitine as lipolytic agent and growth promoter on broiler chicks. Nine experimental diets were fed to 675 broiler chicks at the growth periods (3 to 6 weeks of age). Three levels of ractopamine (0, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (0, 60 and 120 mg/kg) were fed. A completely randomized design with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement was used. Growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and carcass traits were measured. Results indicate that daily body weight gain (DBWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected significantly (p>0.05) by different levels of ractopamine and L-carnitine. Ractopamine (10 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) increased blood serum cholesterol and albumin levels. On the other hand, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen and globulin were reduced (p<0.05) in 10 mg/kg of ractopamine. LCarnitine (60 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) reduced triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen and albumin, but increased blood serum cholesterol and glucose levels. The lowest level of triglyceride was observed by diets 5 (5 and 60 mg/kg) and diet 8 (10 and 60 mg/kg), which contained with ractopamine and Lcarnitine, respectively. Carcass traits, except thigh and liver fat percentage were not influenced by added ractopamine. A significant (p<0.05) reduction was observed in abdominal fat pad due to supplemental L-carnitine. Liver fat content was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by (10 mg/kg) ractopamine. Blood biochemical parameters and some carcass traits of broilers were responsive to supplemental ractopamine and L-carnitine. Key words: Ractopamine, L-carnitine, performance, carcass traits, broiler chicks.
Thiapyran Derivatives. II. The Preparation, Properties, and Reactions of Δ<sup>3</sup>-Dihydrothiapyran 1,1-Dioxide<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiapyran Derivatives. II. The Preparation, Properties, and Reactions of Δ3-Dihydrothiapyran 1,1-Dioxide1Edward A. Fehnel and Patricia A. LackeyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 6, 2473–2479Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01150a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01150a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electronically tunable extraordinary optical transmission in graphene plasmonic ribbons coupled to subwavelength metallic slit arrays (2016)

Subwavelength metallic slit arrays have been shown to exhibit extraordinary optical transmission, whereby tunnelling surface plasmonic waves constructively interfere to create large forward light propagation. The intricate balancing needed for this interference to occur allows for resonant transmission to be highly sensitive to changes in the environment. Here we demonstrate that extraordinary optical transmission resonance can be coupled to electrostatically tunable graphene plasmonic ribbons to create electrostatic modulation of mid-infrared light. Absorption in graphene plasmonic ribbons situated inside metallic slits can efficiently block the coupling channel for resonant transmission, leading to a suppression of transmission. Full-wave simulations predict a transmission modulation of 95.7% via this mechanism. Experimental measurements reveal a modulation efficiency of 28.6% in transmission at 1,397 cm(-1), corresponding to a 2.67-fold improvement over transmission without a metallic slit array. This work paves the way for enhancing light modulation in graphene plasmonics by employing noble metal plasmonic structures.
Leakage Assessment through Water Distribution Network Simulation (2005)

Presented herein is a methodology for evaluation of water losses based on discrimination of the two components of uncontrolled water in a water distribution network: physical losses in mains and service connections, and the volume of water consumed but not measured by meters. The water balance calculations consider that all nonmeasured consumption is uncontrolled water and consequently an apparent loss. The methodology is applicable to an entire network or portions thereof, and presumes that real losses in certain physical states of a network are a function of pressure, while apparent losses (defined as nonmetered consumed water) are a function of consumption patterns (i.e., domestic, industrial, institutional, etc.). An extended period simulation of a water distribution network is employed to accurately determine both terms.
Balancing the Size-Number Tradeoff in Clonal Broods (2009)

The trade-off between the number of offspring in a brood and the sizes of those offspring has been documented in a diverse array of species. Here we consider the factors that might account for the way that the trade-off achieves a particular size-number balance for female offspring. In particular, we determine whether bet hedging, along with traits influencing the expected short-term reproductive success of the brood, could select for a brood size and body mass that maximize long-term fitness. We also evaluate whether the optima based on these characteristics agree qualitatively with documented responses to brood resource levels. To develop a model incorporating these phenomena and keep it as simple and general as possible, we consider an organism that produces clonal broods, eliminating the complexities associated with parent-offspring and sibling conflict. We use the polyembryonic parasitoid wasp Copidosoma bakeri as the focal example. We find that bet hedging effects and key reproductive traits (the number of searching females, their host-finding efficiency, and survival prospects) are often sufficient to produce an optimal size-number balance and can account for the frequent tendency of both brood size and body mass to increase with brood resources (host size). Under some conditions, however, balancing the trade-off requires an additional minimum body-size constraint. Future empirical work and spatially explicit models must better establish the parameter magnitudes and functional relationships so that a deeper understanding and more precise predictions are obtained.
Vaginal<i>Lactobacillus</i>isolates inhibit uropathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2006)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of Lactobacillus jensenii KS119.1 and KS121.1, and Lactobacillus gasserii KS120.1 and KS124.3 strains isolated from the vaginal microflora of healthy women, against uropathogenic, diffusely adhering Afa/Dr Escherichia coli (Afa/Dr DAEC) strains IH11128 and 7372 involved in recurrent cystitis. We observed that some of the Lactobacillus isolates inhibited the growth and decreased the viability of E. coli IH11128 and 7372. In addition, we observed that adhering Lactobacillus strains inhibited adhesion of E. coli IH11128 onto HeLa cells, and inhibited internalization of E. coli IH11128 within HeLa cells.
Situation Awareness: Does it Change With Age? (2001)

The aim of this research project was to study age-related differences in our ability to perceive and abstract important information from the environment and to determine what physical and cognitive components are related to this ability. Young, middle and older adults completed several questionnaires, a battery of psychological tests, a standardized vision measure as well as several trials using a realistic driving simulator. A concurrent memory probe technique was used to measure participant's ability to attend to important information while driving. Their probe answers were checked against the actual simulator data and a composite situation awareness (SA) score was created. Results confirm the hypotheses that older adults have lower situation awareness when compared to younger and middle-aged adults. Factors that are related to this ability include useful field of view (UFOV), perceptual speed, driving experience and self-reported vision.
Medical accelerator projects at Michigan State University (2003)

The authors report on three medical accelerator projects at Michigan State University. One involves construction of a 100-MeV superconducting cyclotron for neutron therapy. In the second, a conceptual design has been prepared for a 250-MeV superconducting synchrocyclotron for proton therapy. The third consists of preliminary studies of a compact 1600-MeV superconducting cyclotron system for heavy ion therapy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role in Extraction in Analytical Chemistry (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole in Extraction in Analytical ChemistryG. H. MorrisonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1950, 22, 11, 1388–1393Publication Date (Print):November 14, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 14 November 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60047a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60047a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views377Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel retinoblastoma therapy from genomic and epigenetic analyses (2012)

Retinoblastoma is an aggressive childhood cancer of the developing retina that is initiated by the biallelic loss of RB1. Tumours progress very quickly following RB1 inactivation but the underlying mechanism is not known. Here we show that the retinoblastoma genome is stable, but that multiple cancer pathways can be epigenetically deregulated. To identify the mutations that cooperate with RB1 loss, we performed whole-genome sequencing of retinoblastomas. The overall mutational rate was very low; RB1 was the only known cancer gene mutated. We then evaluated the role of RB1 in genome stability and considered non-genetic mechanisms of cancer pathway deregulation. For example, the proto-oncogene SYK is upregulated in retinoblastoma and is required for tumour cell survival. Targeting SYK with a small-molecule inhibitor induced retinoblastoma tumour cell death in vitro and in vivo. Thus, retinoblastomas may develop quickly as a result of the epigenetic deregulation of key cancer pathways as a direct or indirect result of RB1 loss.
KRAS codon 61, 146 and BRAF mutations predict resistance to cetuximab plus irinotecan in KRAS codon 12 and 13 wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (2009)

Assessing KRAS codons 61/146 and BRAF V600E mutations might help optimising the selection of the candidate patients to receive anti-EGFR moAbs.
PAD: Performance Anomaly Detection in Multi-server Distributed Systems (2014)

Multi-server distributed systems are becoming increasingly popular with the emergence of cloud computing. These systems need to provide high throughput with low latency, which is a difficult task to achieve. Manual performance tuning and diagnosis of such systems, however, is hard as the amount of relevant performance diagnosis data is large. To help system developers with performance diagnosis, we have developed a tool called Performance Anomaly Detector (PAD). PAD combines user-driven navigation analysis with automatic correlation and comparative analysis techniques. The combination results in a powerful tool that can help find a number of performance anomalies. Based on our experience in applying PAD to the Orleans system, we discovered that PAD was able to reduce developer time and effort detecting anomalous performance cases and improve a developer's ability to perform deeper analysis of such behaviors.
Physiological and neuropsychological effects of theophylline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (1994)

The effect of oral theophylline on clinical course, exercise, neuropsychological performance and bronchial reactivity was studied in chronic airflow obstruction. Twelve patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [mean age 62.4 +/- 1.6 years (SE), and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec of 1.15 +/- 0.1 l] were randomized to 4 weeks treatment with oral theophylline followed by 4 weeks of placebo, in a double-blind fashion. During each period, patients underwent clinical evaluation, incremental exercise, a battery of neuropsychological tests measuring a wide range of cognitive functions, and an inhaled methacholine provocation. On the active drug (levels 9.5 +/- 1 mg/l), vital capacity and maximal breathing capacity were 16 +/- 7% and 20 +/- 7% respectively, higher relative to placebo (P < 0.04). Exercise capacity, as reflected by peak O2 uptake and the anaerobic threshold, improved 14 +/- 5% and 18 +/- 5% (P < 0.04). In contrast, bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine and the mean scores on the neuropsychological tests were not significantly altered by the drug. Clinical symptoms were unaltered, but mild side effects were more common on theophylline. We concluded that in moderate to severe COPD, theophylline treatment, at the low range of the therapeutic dose, improves lung function and exercise capacity. This improvement is achieved with no detectable alteration of bronchial reactivity to methacholine and with no deleterious effect on cognitive functions.