gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diastereomeric Selectivity of Carbon-Coated Zirconia Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Media (1997)

The determination of enantiomeric excess, that is, the relative amount of any pair of optical antipodes, constitutes a integral part of the work of analytical and synthetic chemists involved in natural products research or pharmaceutical development. Mosher's reagent [alpha-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride] has evolved into a major tool for the determination of absolute configuration by NMR. We report here on the separation of diastereomers formed by derivatizing enantiomers with Mosher's reagent. We have shown that reversed-phase liquid-solid adsorption chromatography on carbon surfaces frequently gives considerably superior resolution of diastereomeric pairs than does RPLC on conventional bonded phases. The improved resolution results from the very high sensitivity of solid carbon surfaces to the geometric organization of the solute rather than from differences in column efficiency. We compare the separation of pharmaceutically and biologically important stereoisomeric mixtures, including (+/-)-warfarin and (+/-)-amino acid esters, on both conventional bonded phases and carbon surfaces prepared by chemical vapor deposition of organic compounds on porous zirconia microparticles.
A tetramer of the Flp recombinase silences the trimers within it during resolution of a Holliday junction substrate (1997)

Recombination catalyzed by the Flp site-specific recombinase involves breakage and joining of four DNA strands between two target substrates. The reaction is carried out in two steps of pairwise strand exchanges by a DNA-protein assembly in which four Flp monomers act cooperatively to execute strand cleavage and joining. Two models for recombination have been proposed. In the trimer model, the two active sites required for each step are assembled from three Flp monomers. In the tetramer (or dimer of asymmetric dimers) model, the two active sites are assembled from four Flp monomers, two monomers each contributing one active site. Experiments in which the two models challenge each other reveal that, within the Flp tetramer arranged on a Holliday junction, the two active sites required for its resolution are derived from all four, rather than three, Flp monomers. Thus, the relative protein subunit configuration of the tetramer silences the trimers within it by excluding them from assembling a functional active site pair.
Stereochemical Determination and Complex Biosynthetic Assembly of Etnangien, a Highly Potent RNA Polymerase Inhibitor from the Myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum (2008)

A potent novel analogue of the natural macrolide antibiotic etnangien, a structurally unique RNA polymerase inhibitor from myxobacteria, is reported. It may be readily obtained from fermentation broths of Sorangium cellulosum and shows high antibiotic activity, comparable to that of etnangien. However, it is much more readily available than the notoriously labile authentic natural product itself. Importantly, it is stable under neutral conditions, allowing for elaborate NMR measurements for assignment of the 12 hydroxyl- and methyl-bearing stereogenic centers. The full absolute and relative stereochemistries of these complex polyketides were determined by a combination of extensive high-field NMR studies, including J-based configuration analysis, molecular modeling, and synthetic derivatization in combination with an innovative method based on biosynthetic studies of this polyketide which is also presented here. A first look into the solution conformation and 3D structure of these promising macrolide antibiotics is reported. Finally, the complete biosynthetic gene cluster was analyzed in detail, revealing a highly unusual and complex trans-AT type polyketide biosynthesis, which does not follow colinearity rules, most likely performs programmed iteration as well as module skipping, and exhibits HMG-CoA box-directed methylation.
Character-based Neural Networks for Sentence Pair Modeling (2018)

Sentence pair modeling is critical for many NLP tasks, such as paraphrase identification, semantic textual similarity, and natural language inference. Most state-of-the-art neural models for these tasks rely on pretrained word embedding and compose sentence-level semantics in varied ways; however, few works have attempted to verify whether we really need pretrained embeddings in these tasks. In this paper, we study how effective subword-level (character and character n-gram) representations are in sentence pair modeling. Though it is well-known that subword models are effective in tasks with single sentence input, including language modeling and machine translation, they have not been systematically studied in sentence pair modeling tasks where the semantic and string similarities between texts matter. Our experiments show that subword models without any pretrained word embedding can achieve new state-of-the-art results on two social media datasets and competitive results on news data for paraphrase identification.
A CORDIC-based Jacobi-like algorithm for eigenvalue computation (1993)

A very fast CORDIC (coordinate rotation digital computer)-based Jacobi-like algorithm for the parallel solution of symmetric eigenvalue problems is proposed. It becomes possible by not focusing on the realization of an exact Jacobi rotation with a CORDIC processor, but by applying approximate rotations and adjusting them to single steps of the CORDIC algorithm, i.e., only one angle of the CORDIC angle sequence is applied in each step. Although only linear convergence is obtained for the most simple version of the proposed algorithm, the overall operation count (shifts and adds) decreases dramatically. A slow increase of the number of CORDIC angles involved during the runtime retains quadratic convergence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analisis Kesulitan Mahasiswa dalam Perkuliahan dan Praktikum Kimia Dasar di Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Negeri Makassar (2013)

Penelitian ini ingin diketahui hambatan yang menjadi penyebab kesulitan belajar pada proses pembelajaran dan pada pelaksanaan praktikum kimia dasar serta korelasi antara pelaksanaan praktikum dan teori matakuliah kimia dasar. Dengan metode deskriptif analisis dengan menggunakan test dan angket diperoleh hasil penelitian bahwa hambatan yang menyebabkan kesulitan belajar kimia dasar mahasiswa jurusan kimia adalah ada pada kemampuan penguasaan materi dan pelaksanaan praktikum dari keempat indikator sebesar 53,29%, pada proses pembelajaran dari lima indikator sebesar 8,69%, pada pelaksanaan praktikum sebesar 66,26%. Pada faktor lingkungan masyarakat, secara statistik didapat secara kseseluruhan dari delapn faktor yang diselidiki memiliki pengaruh cukup besar yaitu 66,15%. Katakunci: kesulitan belajar, kimia dasar ABSTRACT This study to know the barriers that cause learning difficulties in the learning process and the implementation of the basicchemistry practical and the correlation between theory and practical implementation of the basic chemistry course. With the descriptive method of analysis using the test and questionnaire results obtained that the barriers that lead to learning disabilities basic chemistry is the chemistry student on mastery of skills and practical implementation of the four indicators of 53.29%, in the learning process of the five indicators of 8, 69%, on the practical implementation of 66.26%. Out site factors, have considerable influence that is 66.15%. Keywords: learning difficulties, basic chemistry
A PRIMER ON SURFACE PLASMON-POLARITONS IN GRAPHENE (2013)

We discuss the properties of surface plasmons-polaritons in graphene and describe four possible ways of coupling electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz (THz) spectral range to this type of surface waves: (i) the attenuated total reflection (ATR) method using a prism in the Otto configuration, (ii) graphene micro-ribbon arrays or monolayers with modulated conductivity, (iii) a metal stripe on top of the graphene layer, and (iv) graphene-based gratings. The text provides a number of original results along with their detailed derivation and discussion.
Relationships Between The Expression of Syndecan-1 and Endometrial Hyperplasia Progression and Prognosis (2010)

Objective To explore the relationships between the expression of syndecan-1 and endometrial hyperplasia progression and prognosis.Methods With immunohistochemical staining of syndecan-1,we analyzed specimens from patients with normal endometrium (NE,N = 8) as controls,and those of simple hyperplasia (SH,N = 15),complex hyperplasia without atypia (CH,N = 15),atypical hyperplasia (AH,N = 15),and endometrial cancer (EC,N = 24).Results The mean scores of expression based on the frequency of syndecan-1 staining were 0.50,0.53,1.27,1.67 and 1.88 for NE,SH,CH,AH and EC,respectively (P ＜0.001).Syndecan-1 expression was significantly greaterin CH (P ＜ 0.001) or AH (P ＜ 0.001) than in SH.Syndecan-1 is more frequently expressed in CH (P = 0.041),AH (P = 0.006),or EC (P = 0.02) than in NE.Syndecan-1 expression did not differ significantly between NE and SH (P ＞ 0.50).Conclusion Up-regulated expression of syndecan-1 may promote malignant transformation of the endometrium and the immunohistochemical study of syndecan-1 expression make for evaluation of prognosis of endometrial hyperplasia.

Key words: 
Syndecan-1; Endometrial hyperplasia; Expression; Prognosis
Thermal Fluctuations of a Single-Domain Particle (1963)

A sufficiently fine ferromagnetic particle has a uniform vector magnetization whose magnitude is essentially constant, but whose direction fluctuates because of thermal agitation. The fluctuations are important in superparamagnetism and in magnetic aftereffect. The problem is approached here by methods familiar in the theory of stochastic processes. The "Langevin equation" of the problem is assumed to be Gilbert's equation of motion augmented by a "random-field" term. Consideration of a statistical ensemble of such particles leads to a "Fokker-Planck" partial differential equation, which describes the evolution of the probability density of orientations. The random-field concept, though convenient, can be avoided by use of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The Fokker-Planck equation, in general, is complicated by the presence of gyroscopic terms. These drop out in the case of axial symmetry: then the problem of finding nonequilibrium solutions can be restated as a minimization problem, susceptible to approximate treatments. The case of energy barriers large in comparison with $\mathrm{kT}$ is treated both by approximate minimization and by an adaptation of Kramers' treatment of the escape of particles over barriers. The limits of validity of the discrete-orientation approximation are discussed.
Commemoration of 110th Anniversary of Rewi Alley’s Birth Held in Beijing (2007)

The year 2007 marks the 110th anniversary of the birth of Rewi Alley,the 80th anniversary of his arrival in China and the 20th anniversary of his passing.The CPAFFC held a meeting at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on September 7 to commemorate this important occasion.Gu
A Grid Task Scheduling Algorithm Based on QoS Priority Grouping (2006)

As the research of grid goes on, users demand increasingly high quality of task completion and high-quality scientific computing tasks continue to increase. This renders QoS a new problem that is to be considered in the grid scheduling algorithm. In this paper, a grid tasks scheduling strategy based on QoS priority grouping is proposed. In this algorithm, the deadline property of task, acceptation rate of tasks and makespan of systems are comprehensively considered. And QD-Sufferage, a grid task scheduling based on task priority grouping and deadline, is presented subsequently. The experiments show that the algorithm overweighs traditional algorithms a lot in makespan, throughout parameters
TDRSS solar array arc discharge tests (1979)

Solar array design guidelines for immunity to the geomagnetic substorm environment at geosynchronous altitudes are summarized. The preliminary design guidelines and recommended practices based on these test results are given. It is concluded that specific design and immunity verification problems on each spacecraft program have to be solved on an individual basis until the technology matures to an adequate level.
Effects of Device Structure and Back Biasing on HCI and NBTI in Silicon-on-Thin-BOX (SOTB) CMOSFET (2011)

The silicon-on-thin-buried-oxide (SOTB) CMOSFET is one of the strong candidates for further scaling because of its smallest Vth variation and back-bias controllability. This study focuses on its reliability, i.e., the hot-carrier-injection (HCI) degradation for the n-channel MOS and the negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) for p-channel MOS. A comparison of the SOTB CMOSFET with a conventional bulk CMOSFET showed that the SOTB structure, which has a low-dose channel without a halo implant, produces higher reliability. The impact of the wide-range back biasing in SOTB devices on reliability was determined, i.e., the back biasing changes the mechanism of the HCI degradation but does not affect the NBTI degradation.
LS-DYNA 3D Interface Component Analysis to Predict FMVSS 208 Occupant Responses (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Today's interior systems engineer has been challenged with providing cost-effective instrument panel design solutions to meet NHTSA's new FMVSS 208 front crash regulations. Automotive manufacturers are in continuous search of newer methods and techniques to reduce prototype tests and cost. Analytical methods of predicting occupant and structural behavior using computer-aided engineering (CAE) analysis has been in place for quite some time. With the new FMVSS 208 regulations requiring both 5<sup>th</sup> and 50<sup>th</sup> percentile occupant testing, CAE analysis of predicting occupant response has become increasingly important.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The CAE analyst is challenged with representing the barrier test condition, which involves the structure and the occupant moving at velocities of 25, 30 and 35 mph. Representing the cab kinematics in high-speed impacts is crucial, since capturing the vehicle intrusion and pitching should be made part of the input variables. LS-DYNA3D “Interface Component Analysis” method offers considerable promise in addressing this challenge. This paper discusses the LS-DYNA3D interface component analysis method of simulating barrier test conditions.</div>
A Variant of the Autophagy-Related 5 Gene Is Associated with Child Cerebral Palsy (2017)

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a major cause of childhood disability in developed and developing countries, but the pathogenic mechanisms of CP development remain largely unknown. Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular self-digestion of damaged organelles and dysfunctional macromolecules. Growing evidence suggests that autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5)-dependent autophagy is involved in neural development, neuronal differentiation, and neurological degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze <i>ATG5</i> protein expression and gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with CP and to evaluate the importance of ATG5 in the development of CP. Five polymorphisms from different regions of the <i>ATG5</i> gene (rs510432, rs3804338, rs573775, rs2299863, and rs6568431) were analyzed in 715 CP patients and 658 controls using MassARRAY. Of these, 58 patients and 56 controls were selected for measurement of plasma ATG5 level using ELISA. The relevance of disease-associated SNPs was evaluated using the SHEsis program. We identified a significant association between rs6568431 and CP (OR = 1.388, 95% CI = 1.173~1.643, <i>P</i><sub><i>allele</i></sub> = 0.0005, <i>P</i><sub><i>genotype</i></sub> = 0.0015). Subgroup analysis showed a highly significant association of rs6568431 with spastic CP (n = 468, OR = 1.511, 95% CI = 1.251~1.824, <i>P</i><sub><i>allele</i></sub> = 8.50e<sup>-005</sup>, <i>P</i><sub><i>genotype</i></sub> = 1.57e<sup>-004</sup>) and spastic quadriplegia (OR = 1.927, 95% CI = 1.533~2.421, <i>P</i><sub><i>allele</i></sub> = 7.35e<sup>-008</sup>, <i>P</i><sub><i>genotype</i></sub> = 3.24e<sup>-009</sup>). Furthermore, mean plasma ATG5 levels were lower in CP patients than in controls, and individuals carrying the AA genotype of rs6568431 that was positively associated with CP had lower plasma ATG5 levels (<i>P</i> < 0.05). This study demonstrated an association of an <i>ATG5</i> gene variant and low level of ATG5 protein with CP, and stronger associations with severe clinical manifestations were identified. Our results provide novel evidence for a role of ATG5 in CP and shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this neurodevelopmental disorder.
Clinico-pathological variability in the childhood neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses and new observations on glycoprotein abnormalities (1988)

Our 86 cases of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL) included 7 children with the infantile variant, 28 with the late infantile variant, and 51 with the juvenile variant. Thirty-one cases were drawn from a NCL registry and were not evaluated personally by the authors. Another 30 cases from the registry were not included because of inadequate data. The clinical course was subacute in most children with the infantile and late infantile variants and chronic in the juvenile variant. Sixteen of 86 cases (19%) were considered to be atypical clinically [3/7 (43%) with the infantile variant, 3/28 (11%) with the late infantile variant, and 10/51 (20%) with the juvenile variant]. Clinical variability among and between families was most striking in the juvenile variant. Pathological investigations of skin, buffy coat and/or brain showed atypical and/or more than one type of cytoplasmic inclusions in 10/50 (20%) of late infantile and juvenile variants. All of the children with the infantile variant had granular, osmiophilic profile in tissues. Biochemical studies on the glycoproteins of cultured fibroblasts in three cases of juvenile NCL showed that there was a higher proportion of one size class of N-linked oligosaccharides and a higher proportion of mannose-containing glycoproteins in NCL than in control cells. This supports previous lectin histochemical studies of glycoconjugates in skin of juvenile NCL [Wisniewski and Szumanska, 1986] and suggests that there may be defects in the processing of N-linked oligosaccharides in the glycoproteins of juvenile NCL.
Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchange and Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase in the heart (2015)

This paper is the third in a series of reviews published in this issue resulting from the University of California Davis Cardiovascular Symposium 2014: Systems approach to understanding cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and arrhythmias: Na(+) channel and Na(+) transport. The goal of the symposium was to bring together experts in the field to discuss points of consensus and controversy on the topic of sodium in the heart. The present review focuses on cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange (NCX) and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA). While the relevance of Ca(2+) homeostasis in cardiac function has been extensively investigated, the role of Na(+) regulation in shaping heart function is often overlooked. Small changes in the cytoplasmic Na(+) content have multiple effects on the heart by influencing intracellular Ca(2+) and pH levels thereby modulating heart contractility. Therefore it is essential for heart cells to maintain Na(+) homeostasis. Among the proteins that accomplish this task are the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) and the Na(+)/K(+) pump (NKA). By transporting three Na(+) ions into the cytoplasm in exchange for one Ca(2+) moved out, NCX is one of the main Na(+) influx mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. Acting in the opposite direction, NKA moves Na(+) ions from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space against their gradient by utilizing the energy released from ATP hydrolysis. A fine balance between these two processes controls the net amount of intracellular Na(+) and aberrations in either of these two systems can have a large impact on cardiac contractility. Due to the relevant role of these two proteins in Na(+) homeostasis, the emphasis of this review is on recent developments regarding the cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1) and Na(+)/K(+) pump and the controversies that still persist in the field.
Trypanosoma cruzi expresses diverse repetitive protein antigens (1989)

We screened a Trypanosoma cruzi cDNA expression library with human and rabbit anti-T. cruzi sera and identified cDNA clones that encode polypeptides containing tandemly arranged repeats which are 6 to 34 amino acids in length. The peptide repeats encoded by these cDNAs varied markedly in sequence, copy number, and location relative to the polyadenylation site of the mRNAs from which they were derived. The repeats were specific for T. cruzi, but in each case the sizes of the corresponding mRNAs and the total number of repeat copies encoded varied considerably among different isolates of the parasite. Expression of the peptide repeats was not stage specific. One of the peptide repeats occurred in a protein with an Mr of greater than 200,000 and one was in a protein of Mr 75,000 to 105,000. The frequent occurrence and diversity of these peptide repeats suggested that they may play a role in the ability of the parasite to evade immune destruction in its invertebrate and mammalian hosts, but the primary roles of these macromolecules may be unrelated to the host-parasite relationship.
Robust Auto-Calibration from Pedestrians (2006)

The knowledge of camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters is useful, as it allows us to make world measurements. Unfortunately, calibration information is rarely available in video surveillance systems and it is difficult to obtain once the system is installed. Auto-calibrating cameras using moving objects (humans) has recently attracted a lot of interest. Two methods are proposed by Lv-Nevatia(2002) and Krahnstoever-Mendonca(2005). The inherent difficulty of the problem lies in the noise that is generally present in the data. We propose a robust and a general linear solution to the problem by adopting a formulation different from the existing methods. The uniqueness of formulation lies in recognizing two harmonic homologies present in the geometry obtained by observing pedestrians, and then using properties of these homologies to obtain linear constraints on the unknown camera parameters. Experiments with synthetic as well as on real data are presented - indicating the practicality of the proposed system.
A Stepwise Approach to Donor Preparation and Insertion Increases Safety and Outcome of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (2011)

A novel technique for graft preparation and EDM injection results in improved safety with a high rate of successful DMEKs.