gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1–5 Years: Update for the USPSTF (2011)

Although treatments for amblyopia or unilateral refractive error can improve vision in preschool-aged children and screening tests have utility for identifying vision problems, additional studies are needed to better understand the effects of screening compared with no screening.
Data De-duplication on Similar File Detection (2014)

At present, there exist many bottlenecks in block level data de-duplication on the metadata management and read/write rate. In order to achieve higher de-duplication elimination ratio, the traditional way is to expand the range of data for data de-duplication, but that would make metadata fields longer and increase the number of metadata entries. When detecting the redundant data, metadata needs to be constantly imported and exported into the memory and access bottleneck will be produced. So it is necessary to detect similar documents to classify valuable data for de-duplication. In this paper, we propose a new method of block-level data de-duplication combined with similar file detection. At the time of guaranteeing the de-duplication elimination ratio, we narrow the range of data to reduce the metadata and eliminate performance bottlenecks. We present a detailed evaluation of our method and other existing data deduplication methods, and we show that our method meets its design goals as it improves the de-duplication ratio while reducing overhead costs.
Evidence for a connection between the mismatch repair system and the G2 cell cycle checkpoint. (1995)

The human colon tumor cell line HCT116 is deficient in wild-type hMLH1, is defective in mismatch repair (MMR), exhibits microsatellite instability, and is tolerant to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Transferring a normal copy of hMLH1 on chromosome 3 into the cell line restores MMR activity, stabilizes microsatellite loci, and increases the sensitivity of the cell to MNNG. Previous studies in other cell lines tolerant to alkylating agents such as MNNG or N-methylnitrosourea have shown cross-tolerance to 6-thioguanine (6TG), leading to a hypothesis that tolerance to MNNG or 6TG may be the result of MMR deficiency. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of 6TG on the MNNG-tolerant, MMR-deficient HCT116 cell line and its MNNG-sensitive, MMR-proficient, MNNG-tolerant, and MMR-deficient derivatives. Continuous exposure to low doses of 6TG (0.31-1.25 micrograms/ml) had no apparent effect on colony-forming ability (CFA) in MNNG-tolerant, MMR-deficient cells, whereas MNNG-sensitive, MMR-proficient cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in CFA. Growth kinetics and cell cycle analysis revealed that the growth of 6TG-treated HCT116 + chr3 cells was arrested at G2 after exposure to low dose of 6TG. In contrast, the same exposure to 6TG did not induce G2 arrest but rather a G1 delay in HCT116 and HCT116 + chr2. To obtain further evidence for the role of MMR on 6TG and MNNG toxicity, we isolated an MNNG-resistant revertant clone, M2, from the MNNG-sensitive, MMR-proficient HCT116 + chr3 cell line and characterized the MMR activity, hMLH1 status, and 6TG response. The results showed that M2 cells lost MMR activity as well as the previously introduced normal hMLH1 gene. Restoration of the CFA of M2 and an absence of G2 arrest were observed after treatment with low doses of 6TG. These results suggest that the mismatch repair system interacts with the G2 checkpoint in response to 6TG or MNNG-induced DNA lesions. The results further suggest that any agent that induces DNA mispairs will cause G2 arrest in MMR-proficient cells but not in MMR-deficient cells.
Optical Multiplexing and Demultiplexing (2003)

Abstract Optical multiplexing is a technique used in optical fiber communication systems for enhancing the capacity of point‐to‐point links, as well as for simplifying the routing process within the optical layer. This technique is implemented using various types of diffraction gratings and/or optical filters in specific configurations. The parameters of these devices that have important effect on system performance are identified and their origin is explained. The principle of operation of the most noteworthy devices, as well as the corresponding specifications are presented.
Optimization of irregular repeat accumulate codes for MIMO systems with iterative receivers (2005)

This paper takes into account the design optimization of the random-like ensemble of irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) codes for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems employing iterative receivers. First, the density evolution-based procedure for optimizing the IRA code ensemble is presented. An approximation method based on linear programming is adopted to design an IRA code with the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart matched to that of the soft MIMO demodulator. The authors then reveal the relationship between the IRA codes and the low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. With a code ensemble mapping relationship between an IRA code and an LDPC code, a quasi-optimal IRA code can be obtained by transforming an optimal LDPC code designed for MIMO systems. Two types of soft MIMO detectors are treated, namely, the maximum a posteriori (MAP) detector and the soft interference canceller with linear MMSE filtering (SIC-MMSE). The results show that with the MAP receiver the designed IRA codes can perform within 1 dB from the ergodic capacities of the MIMO systems under consideration. The authors also treat the short-length IRA code design for block fading MIMO channels. They adopt design techniques for short-length LDPC codes to improve the performance of the short-length IRA code and to reduce the error floor.
Field Cancerization in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Implications in Disease Pathogenesis (2012)

Lung cancer, of which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) composes the majority, is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and worldwide. NSCLCs are tumors with complex biology that we have recently started to understand with the advent of various histological, transcriptomic, genomic, and proteomic technologies. However, the histological and molecular pathogenesis of this malignancy, in particular of adenocarcinomas, is still largely unknown. Earlier studies have highlighted a field cancerization phenomenon in which histologically normal-appearing tissue adjacent to neoplastic and pre-neoplastic lesions display molecular abnormalities, some of which are in common with those in the tumors. This review will summarize advances in understanding the field cancerization phenomenon and the potential relevance of this knowledge to gain important and novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of NSCLC as well as to subsequent development of biomarkers for early detection of lung cancers and possibly personalized prevention.
Bedside sonographic-guided versus blind nasoenteric feeding tube placement in critically ill patients (1996)

The sonographic bedside technique for placing feeding tubes into the small bowel in critically III patients has a success rate of 84.6% (confidence interval 71% to 98%) after the failure of the blind bedside manual method, proving that the former is significantly more successful. This sonographic technique facilitates the insertion of the tubes in patients who cannot be moved and in those patients with severe impairment of the peristaltic activity of the stomach.
Clinical governance is “ACE” – using the EFQM Excellence Model to support baseline assessment (2000)

The introduction of clinical governance in the "new NHS" means that National Health Service (NHS) organisations are now accountable for the quality of the services they provide to their local communities. As part of the implementation of clinical governance in the NHS, Trusts and health authorities had to complete a baseline assessment of their capability and capacity by September 1999. Describes one Trust's approach to developing and implementing its baseline assessment tool, based upon its existing use of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model. An initial review of the process suggests that the model provides an adaptable framework for the development of a comprehensive and practical assessment tool and that self-assessment ensures ownership of action plans at service level.
The Reaction of Cyanogen and Related Nitriles with 1,3-Dienes. V. Acrylonitrile and Butadiene<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Cyanogen and Related Nitriles with 1,3-Dienes. V. Acrylonitrile and Butadiene1G. J. Janz and N. E. DuncanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 21, 5389–5392Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01117a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01117a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
System noise as a signal source for impedance measurements on battery strings (2005)

Alternating-current impedance measurements provide useful information about the characteristics of electrochemical systems, such as batteries, and are envisioned as the basis for indirect methods of determining battery capacity. Impedance measurements rely on recording the response of the battery to an applied current or voltage test signal. However, this type of measurement can be difficult with large batteries connected to operating equipment. High background noise levels, caused by time-varying changes in the battery load, interfere with the impedance measurement. Instead of attempting to eliminate background noise, the authors have used the noise as a test signal, in conjunction with Fourier transform (FT) signal processing. The current and voltage passing through cells in an operating telecommunications lead-acid battery string were determined with a simple, three-terminal connection. Impedance calculations were performed with a commercial FT signal analyzer. The results indicate that completely passive (no externally applied test signal, and not requiring discharge or disconnection of the string) impedance measurements of batteries connected to operating equipment are feasible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MHC class I molecules are preferentially ubiquitinated on endoplasmic reticulum luminal residues during HRD1 ubiquitin E3 ligase-mediated dislocation (2013)

Misfolded MHC class I heavy chains (MHC I HCs) are targeted for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) by the ubiquitin E3 ligase HRD1, and E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2J1, and represent one of the few known endogenous ERAD substrates. The mechanism by which misfolded proteins are dislocated across the ER membrane into the cytosol is unclear. Here, we investigate the requirements for MHC I ubiquitination and degradation and show that endogenous misfolded MHC I HCs are recognized in the ER lumen by EDEM1 in a glycan-dependent manner and targeted to the core SEL1L/HRD1/UBE2J1 complex. A soluble MHC I HC lacking its transmembrane domain and cytosolic tail uses the same ERAD components and is degraded as efficiently as wild-type MHC I. Unexpectedly, HRD1-dependent polyubiquitination is preferentially targeted to the ER luminal domain of full-length MHC I HCs, despite the presence of an exposed cytosolic C-terminal tail. MHC I luminal domain ubiquitination occurs before p97 ATPase-mediated extraction from the ER membrane and can be targeted to nonlysine, as well as lysine, residues. A subset of integral membrane proteins, therefore, requires an early dislocation event to expose part of their luminal domain to the cytosol, before HRD1-mediated polyubiquitination and dislocation.
Multiplex gene editing by CRISPR-Cpf1 through autonomous processing of a single crRNA array (2016)

Microbial CRISPR-Cas defense systems have been adapted as a platform for genome editing applications built around the RNA-guided effector nucleases, such as Cas9. We recently reported the characterization of Cpf1, the effector nuclease of a novel type V-A CRISPR system, and demonstrated that it can be adapted for genome editing in mammalian cells (Zetsche et al., 2015). Unlike Cas9, which utilizes a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) as well as the endogenous RNaseIII for maturation of its dual crRNA:tracrRNA guides (Deltcheva et al., 2011), guide processing of the Cpf1 system proceeds in the absence of tracrRNA or other Cas (CRISPR associated) genes (Zetsche et al., 2015) (Figure 1a), suggesting that Cpf1 is sufficient for pre-crRNA maturation. This has important implications for genome editing, as it would provide a simple route to multiplex targeting. Here, we show for two Cpf1 orthologs that no other factors are required for array processing and demonstrate multiplex gene editing in mammalian cells as well as in the mouse brain by using a designed single CRISPR array.
12-Lipoxygenase-knockout mice are resistant to inflammatory effects of obesity induced by western diet (2008)

Inflammation is a key pathological process in the progression of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. 12/15-lipoxygenase (12-LO), an enzyme involved in fatty acid metabolism, may contribute to inflammatory damage triggered by stressors such as obesity and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that mice lacking 12-LO are protected against inflammatory-mediated damage associated with a "western" diet. To test this hypothesis, age-matched male 12-LO knockout (12-LOKO) and wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice were fed either a standard chow or western diet and assessed for several inflammatory markers. Western-fed B6 mice showed expected reductions in glucose and insulin tolerance compared with chow-fed mice. In contrast, western-fed 12-LOKO mice maintained glucose and insulin tolerance similar to chow-fed mice. Circulating proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, were increased in western B6 mice but not 12-LOKO mice, whereas the reported protective adipokine, adiponectin, was decreased only in western B6 mice. 12-LO activity was significantly elevated by western diet in islets from B6 mice. Islets from 12-LOKO mice did not show western-diet-induced islet hyperplasia or increases in caspase-3 apoptotic staining observed in western-fed B6 mice. Islets from 12-LOKO mice were also protected from reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion observed in islets from western-fed B6 mice. In visceral fat, macrophage numbers and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression were elevated in western B6 mice but not 12-LOKO mice. These data suggest that 12-LO activation plays a role in western-diet-induced damage in visceral fat and islets. Inhibiting 12-LO may provide a new therapeutic approach to prevent inflammation-mediated metabolic consequences of excess fat intake.
A Surlyn® ionomer as a self-healing and self-sensing composite (2012)

The ionomer known by its trademark name as Surlyn has recently become an area of interest as it reportedly has the ability to self-heal. In this project, new techniques were employed to investigate three grades of Surlyn (PC2000, 9910 and 1706) with a view to the development of a self-healing and self-sensing composite. The study initially focused on the development of Surlyn plaques and Surlyn fibres; reporting on both the self-healing and self-sensing capabilities of Surlyn. Grade PC2000 fibres were shown to have the highest light transmission results and clearly showed the ability to act as self-sensing light guides. The crack healing ability of Surlyn fibres and Surlyn film was studied during mode I fracture tests and Surlyn was shown to act as a crack arrestor increasing the fracture toughness of carbon-fibre and also suggesting that Surlyn is able to self-heal. Surlyn films and Surlyn fibres were then fabricated with VTM 264 glass-fibre pre-preg with a view to producing a self-healing and self-sensing composite. Further investigation into the self-healing and selfsensing abilities of the fabricated Surlyn composites and Surlyn fibres is discussed.
Digital Accounting: The Effects of the Internet and ERP on Accounting (2005)

This book provides a foundation in digital accounting by covering fundamental topics such as accounting software, XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language), and EDI. The effects of the Internet and ERP on accounting are classified and presented for each accounting cycle, along with a comprehensive discussion of online controls. The book provides a conceptual approach to handling the latest developments at the intersection of the accounting and IT fields
A Distributed Access Control Architecture for Cloud Computing (2011)

The large-scale, dynamic, and heterogeneous nature of cloud computing poses numerous security challenges. But the cloud's main challenge is to provide a robust authorization mechanism that incorporates multitenancy and virtualization aspects of resources. The authors present a distributed architecture that incorporates principles from security management and software engineering and propose key requirements and a design model for the architecture.
A geographically diverse set of isolates indicates two phylogenetic lineages within<i>Stachybotrys chartarum</i> (2003)

Stachybotrys chartarum is a black mitosporic fungus capable of dense colonization of cellulose-based building materials such as drywall. The presence of S. chartarum in indoor environments has been reported as linked to a variety of alleged environment-related illnesses including infant acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage, although there continues to be insufficient (especially exposure) data to support such associations. We investigated genetic variation among 52 morphologically and geographically diverse, indoor and outdoor isolates of S. chartarum sensu lato using molecular markers based on β-tubulin, calmodulin, elongation factor-1 alpha, and trichodiene synthase genes, as well as the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Gene genealogies proved concordant in dividing all isolates into two strongly supported clades. The majority of the variable sites separating these lineages were fixed within each of these clades, and there was no evidence of recombination between genotypes. The results of this study therefore provide strong support for the recognition of two phylogenetic species within S. chartarum sensu lato, and further demonstrate the limitations of morphological characters in delineating monophyletic taxa among morphologically simple fungi.Key words: Stachybotrys atra, cryptic speciation, calmodulin, elongation factor-1 alpha, trichodiene synthase.
Restriction enzymes and their isoschizomers (1989)

Since the last compilation of restriction enzymes (1), 300 new entries have been added including 12 new specificities. With the growing size of this database and the recognition that the most widespread use of the information is as a database for computer programs predicting restriction enzyme cleavage patterns, the new format has been continued. This format is intended to contain the minimal amount of information required by a computer program. It should be noted that only enzymes for which the recognition sequence is known are included. This new list is shown"in the first Table, while an alphabetical listing of all Type II enzymes is presented in the second Table. A copy of the restriction enzyme data base in its previous format (2), including enzymes of unknown recognition sequence, will be available upon request. It should also be noted that an alternative compilation of these enzymes has recently been produced (3).
Mixtures of principal component analyzers (1997)

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a ubiquitous technique for data analysis but one whose effective application is restricted by its global linear character. While global nonlinear variants of PCA have been proposed, an alternative paradigm is to capture data nonlinearity by a mixture of local PCA models. However, existing techniques are limited by the absence of a probabilistic formalism with an appropriate likelihood measure and so require an arbitrary choice of implementation strategy. This paper shows how PCA can be derived from a maximum-likelihood procedure, based on a specialisation of factor analysis. This is then extended to develop a well-defined mixture model of principal component analyzers, and an expectation-maximisation algorithm for estimating all the model parameters is given.
[Molecular identification of naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi infection in a human case]. (2006)

The patient was naturally infected with P. knowlesi.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Enzyme Catalysed Substrate Conversion in a Packed‐bed Enzyme Reactor (2003)

Abstract This numerical study evaluates the momentum and mass transfer in an immobilized enzyme reactor. The simulation gives detailed information of the local substrate and product concentrations with respect to external and internal transport limitations. The flow field characterization of the system makes it possible to understand fluid mechanical properties and its importance on transport processes. With the obtained data it is also possible to detect zones of high, low and latent enzymatic activity and to determine whether the conversion is limited due to mass transfer or reaction resistances.
Versatile real-time traffic monitoring system using wireless smart sensors networks (2016)

Real-time traffic surveillance is essential in today's intelligent transportation systems. This paper reports on the design of a novel, cost-effective, and intelligent real-time traffic monitoring systems using wireless smart sensor networks. Reliable and computationally efficient algorithms were developed for vehicle counting and speed estimation. The integration of system components and distinctive algorithms is discussed in detail. A preliminary experimental study composed of various scenarios conducted under highway conditions resulted in 99.95% counting accuracy and 96.11% speed estimation accuracy. Estimated cost of a single sensor node is less than $40.
Embeddable Microinstruments for Corrosion Monitoring (1997)

Abstract The design and development of an embeddable corrosion measurement microsystem which takes advantage of the increased availability of Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) development and Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit manufacturing is described. Key elements of the system (micropotentiostat with zero resistance ammeter (ZRA) and analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters were tested electronically and found to perform satisfactorily. The micropotentiostat/ZRA combination was also tested on steel electrodes exposed to 0.6 M NaCl, saturated Ca(OH)2, and saturated Ca(OH)2 + 0.6 M NaCl. Comparisons of polarization resistance data generated by the micropotentiostat and commercially available systems demonstrated that the two systems performed equivalently. The 10-bit A/D and 6-bit D/A converters exhibited excellent linearity over a wide range of inputs. Future directions for the development of the embeddable corrosion measurement microsystem are also outlined.