gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of skin tumor promoter-caused induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase in SENCAR mice by polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea and its individual epicatechin derivatives. (1992)

Green tea, next to water, is the most popular and commonly consumed beverage in the world, especially in eastern countries. In prior studies we have shown that the polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea (GTP) exerts antigenotoxic effects in various mutagenicity test systems (Mutat. Res., 223: 273-285, 1989) and that its topical application or oral feeding in drinking water protects against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced skin tumor initiation and complete carcinogenesis in SENCAR and BALB/c mice [Cancer Lett., 42: 7-12, 1988; Carcinogenesis (Lond.), 10: 411-415, 1989] and UV B radiation-induced photocarcinogenesis in SKH-1 hairless mice [Carcinogenesis (Lond.), 12: 1527-1530, 1991]. In the present study we assessed the effect of skin application of GTP to SENCAR mice on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and other skin tumor promoter-caused induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. Topical application of GTP to mouse skin inhibited TPA-induced epidermal ODC activity in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of GTP was also dependent on the time of its application relative to TPA treatment. Maximum inhibitory effect was observed when GTP was applied 30 min prior to topical application of TPA. GTP application to animals also inhibited the induction of epidermal ODC activity caused by several structurally different mouse skin tumor promoters. In order to identify which of the specific epicatechin derivatives present in GTP is responsible for these inhibitory effects, they were isolated from GTP and evaluated for their inhibitory effects against TPA-caused induction of epidermal ODC activity. Among these, (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which was the major constituent present in GTP by weight, exerted the maximum inhibition. EGCG also showed greater inhibitory effects against TPA-caused induction of epidermal ODC activity when compared with several other naturally occurring polyphenols. The results of this study suggest that GTP, specifically its epicatechin derivative EGCG, could provide anti-tumor-promoting effects against a wide spectrum of skin tumor promoters.
Transient Runaway in a Fixed-Bed Catalytic Reactor (2008)

Fixed-bed tubular reactors have important commercial applications in the chemical and allied process industries. A typical reactor consists of a cylindrical tube filled with solid catalyst particles and is mounted in a vertical upright position. After the reacting fluid has entered the reactor, it moves along the packed bed and reacts on the catalyst particles to produce the desired products. While fixed-bed reactors, relatively to other types of catalytic reactors, are flexible, efficient, low-cost, and require low maintenance, their most serious disadvantage is poor heat transfer with attendant poor temperature control (e.g., see Bartholemew and Farrauto, 2006). When a highly exothermic reaction is carried out in a packed bed reactor some problems associated with the operation of the reactor may arise. In this case, if the reaction generates heat faster than it can escape the reactor, viz., through reactor walls, the temperature of the fixed bed increases. The reaction and heat generation rates then increase, which causes a further rise in the reactor temperature. This can result in thermal runaway, with the temperature increasing ever more rapidly until the reactants have been finally exhausted. Runaway, or parametric sensitivity, describes a situation in which a small change in an operating variable such as feed temperature, concentration, or flow rate induces a large change in the temperature profile of the reactor. Further, a number of runaways occur due to scale-up, inadequate procedures and training, raw material quality control, maintenance, etc Runaway can promote undesired side reactions, catalyst deactivation, productivity loss, and deterioration of product selectivity. Because of the risk associated with thermal runaway, many industrial reactors are operated under overly suboptimal conditions. It should be noted that near-runaway operation is potentially advantageous to catalytic processes as it may result in optimum reactor operation, especially if energy savings can be attained. For these reasons, understanding thermal runaway is of significant industrial importance. The concept of thermal runaway was first introduced to chemical reactor analysis in late 1950s (Bilous and Amundson, 1956). There have been many studies in the literature on the derivation of runaway criteria, e.g., in tubular and fixed-bed reactors with a single reaction (
Glomangiosarcoma of the Hand: A Case Report and Review of the Literature (2003)

Glomangiosarcomas, or malignant glomus tumors, are very rare, cutaneous, soft tissue tumors. Despite having histologic features of malignancy, these tumors usually do not metastasize. We describe a 74-year-old woman with a glomangiosarcoma on her hand and review the literature. The woman presented with a five month history of a painful mass on the right palm. An excisional biopsy of the mass was undertaken. Histologically, the tumor was composed of uniform, round cells and numerous vascular components. The tumor cells were pleomorphic and had large nucleoli. Frequent mitotic figures were identified. Immunohistochemical stains showed strong positivity for vimentin and weak, focal positivity for smooth muscle actin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells were characterized by pinocytic vesicles, well formed basal lamina, and scattered junctional complex of the plasma membrane.
Copper Dissolution and Metal Passivators in Insulating Oil (2007)

In this article we have explained how a passivator works to prevent copper dissolution (in transformers), and we have shown that such additives have, in fact, been used in transformer oils for a long time.
Gold Nanoparticles as Carriers for A Synthetic <i>Streptococcus Pneumoniae</i> Type 14 Conjugate Vaccine (2012)

Gold nanoparticles have great potential as carriers for the development of a great diversity of fully synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines.
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Computer and communications security (2012)

It is a pleasure to present to you the proceedings of this year's ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS 2012), held October 16-18 in Raleigh, NC, USA.

This year we received 423 submissions from 41 countries. Each submission was reviewed by a technical program committee of 61 experts as well as over 293 external reviewers. The final program contains 81 full papers, a record number for any computer security conference so far, representing an acceptance rate of 19%.

The double-blind review process was organised in two rounds; it included an opportunity for authors to respond to reviews between rounds; and was followed by a discussion amongst the PC - a process that spanned overall 10 weeks. Reviews were assigned between phases dynamically to maximise scrutiny and discussion around submissions whose inclusion in the program was most uncertain. Overall 1395 reviews were filled, including 489 from external reviewers. Overall 365 papers received at least 3 reviews and 149 papers received at least 4 reviews - some 5 or 6. The decision to allocate fewer than 3 reviews to some papers was taken on the basis of both qualitative feedback, as well as a systematic quantitative analysis of the likelihood of them being included in the program given the first round reviews.

Many papers that were not selected for presentation contained interesting results and ideas, and we hope that the authors have benefitted from reviews to improve them further and eventually present them. We have also worked closely with the Program Chairs of workshops associated with CCS to ensure that authors have an opportunity to submit their work in those venues.
On the design of piezoelectric smart fins for flight vehicles (2003)

A systematic approach for the design of active piezoelectric fins developed for a small-scale flight vehicle is presented. The proposed design approach uses analytical and computational tools that are based on the high-order theory and provides a graphical representation of the response spectrum of the active fin. In addition, it enables the coupling of the structural and aerodynamic analyses and provides a frame in which the results of the two types of analysis are adjoined. A numerical design study of a twist-actuated smart fin is presented and discussed. The results reveal the sensitivity of the structure to a broad range of geometrical, mechanical, and electromechanical design variables and provide guidelines for the optimization of the active structure. A set of normalized design master curves that can be scaled to fit various geometrical layouts of the structure investigated are also presented and discussed.
Software reliability from the customer view (2003)

We augment our defect-prevention activities with analyses of what our customers experience - software failures. NED provides a suite of hardware and software products for business-critical applications, including the operating system, database management system, communication protocols, transaction monitors, and application-development tools. We update this suite quarterly in a release version update. An RVU is an aggregation of all product changes plus the previous version of all unchanged products, which totals several million lines of code. We track the failure rates for each RVU so that we can measure the customer experience with that update. We have been analyzing software failure data for the past several years to provide feedback on the effectiveness of our defect-prevention activities.
Effect of Prohexidione-Ca and Mepiquat Chloride on Stolon Production and Yield of Florida Grown Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i>Duch) (2005)

Abstract Removal of stolons from strawberry plants in Florida's annual winter production system incurs significant costs to growers. Mepiquat chloride (Ponnax®) and prohexidione-calcium (Apogee®) were evaluated for the ability to reduce stolon production of strawberries grown under annual production techniques. Two rates of mepiquat chloride (170.6 and 273.5 g ai/ha) and two rates of prohexidione-calcium (113.8 and 227.6 g ai/ha) were applied three times at two week intervals beginning 4 weeks after establishment. Significant control of stolon production was achieved with both rates of prohexidione-calcium compared to mepiquat chloride and untreated controls. However, significant reductions in yields were associated with prohexidione-calcium. Application of mepiquat chloride at 273.5 g ai/ha increased fruit yield during the month of January above all other treatments.
Modular adapters for fiber optics (1998)

A modular adapter system has been developed for coupling ST, SC, and FC fiber-optic connectors. An adapter in this system comprises two parts: one is permanently mounted in a panel; and a second part, containing the alignment sleeve, is easily attached to the first. Families of attenuators are included in the system. Design and performance are discussed.
Vitamin and mineral supplement use is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer. (1999)

This population-based, case-control study in King County, Washington examined supplement use in 697 incident prostate cancer cases (ages 40-64) identified from the Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program registry and 666 controls recruited from the same overall population using random-digit dialing sampling. Participants reported their frequency of use of three types of multivitamins and single supplements of vitamins A, C, and E, calcium, iron, and zinc over the 2 years before diagnosis. Logistic regression analyses controlled for age, race, education, family history of prostate cancer, body mass index, number of prostate-specific antigen tests in the previous 5 years, and dietary fat intake. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence limits) for the contrast of > or =7/week versus no use were as follows: multivitamins, 0.96 (0.73, 1.26); vitamin A, 0.59 (0.32, 1.06); vitamin C, 0.77 (0.57, 1.04); vitamin E, 0.76 (0.54, 1.08); calcium, 1.04 (0.61, 1.78); iron, 0.50 (0.13, 1.76); and zinc, 0.55 (0.30, 1.00). Odds ratios differed little when cases were stratified by stage of disease at diagnosis or by histopathological grade. There were significant dose-response effects for zinc and ordered dose-response trends for vitamins C and E. Overall, these results suggest that multivitamin use is not associated with prostate cancer risk, but use of individual supplements of zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin E may be protective. Further study is needed to investigate the direct role of these dietary supplements, as well as the role of lifestyle variables associated with supplement use, on prostate cancer risk.
Air‐sea gas exchange of CO<sub>2</sub> and DMS in the North Atlantic by eddy covariance (2009)

We report the first simultaneous eddy covariance flux measurements of CO 2 and dimethylsulfide (DMS) over the open ocean for two North Atlantic cruises. After normalization for Schmidt number, the two gases give essentially identical gas transfer coefficients and wind speed dependences for the wind speed range 2–10 ms −1 . The data indicate a linear relationship between the gas transfer coefficient and mean wind speed, with measured gas transfer coefficients slightly above the Wanninkhof (1992) parameterization, particularly at low wind speeds.
Preliminary results of high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide with syngeneic or autologous bone marrow rescue. (1984)

The toxic effects of high-dose busulfan (16 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) with autologous or syngeneic bone marrow rescue were evaluated in 19 patients (11 with acute myelocytic leukemia, one with acute lymphocytic leukemia, one with acute myelofibrosis, two with chronic myelocytic leukemia, one with Hodgkin's disease, and three with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). Their mean age was 26 years (range, 6-50); nine patients had syngeneic and ten had autologous bone marrow rescue (six of whom had in vitro bone marrow incubation with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide). Severe myelosuppression was expected and was seen in all patients; leukocyte and platelet count recovery occurred at a median of 19 days (range, 11-59) and 30 days (range, 20-89), respectively. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were frequent but readily managed with vigorous medical therapy. Stomatitis was severe in 14 patients. Skin, renal, cardiac, pulmonary, and CNS complications directly attributable to drug-related toxic effects were transient and non-life-threatening. Hepatic function abnormalities were common but tended to be transient. Most patients tolerated high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide with manageable side effects. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease was fatal in two patients, while diffuse interstitial pneumonitis with disseminated herpes virus infection was fatal in three patients with lymphoma. All patients treated in relapse or without previous therapy had a complete tumor response. Further studies with this regimen should be pursued.
Charlie Adlard on art and adaptation Interview with Charlie Adlard (2013)

Abstract
Blood pressure and blood lipids detection in official staff population (2009)

Objective To investigate blood pressure and blood lipids change in official staff population. Methods Official staffs were divided into normal blood pressure group, pre-hypertension group, hypertension group and hypertension under control group based on their blood pressure, and hypertension incidence in pre-hypertension group,hypertension group were studied, hypertension incidence in pre-hypertension group and normal blood pressure group were compared; all staff were divided into normal blood lipids group and high blood lipids group based on their blood lipids. Results Hypertension incidence of official staffs was increasing year by year; hypertension incidence of pre-hypertension group was apparently higher than that of normal blood pressure group (P < 0.01) ; the incidence of hypertension in high blood lipids group(total cholesterol and triglyceride) was apparently higher than that of normal blood lipids group(P < 0.05). Conclusion Life style intervention should be performed on official staffs, especially for pre-hypertension group, blood pressure and blood lipids tracing should be applied on them,in order to decrease the incidence of hypertension and cardiac and cerebral vascular stroke.

Key words: 
Body examination; Blood pressure; Blood lipids
Highly selective and sensitive phosphate anion sensors based on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors functionalized by ion imprinted polymer (2016)

A novel ion-imprinted electrochemical sensor based on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) was developed to detect trace amounts of phosphate anion. This sensor combined the advantages of the ion sensitivity of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs and specific recognition of ion imprinted polymers. The current response showed that the fabricated sensor is highly sensitive and selective to phosphate anions. The current change exhibited approximate linear dependence for phosphate concentration from 0.02 mg L(-1) to 2 mg L(-1), the sensitivity and detection limit of the sensor is 3.191 μA/mg L(-1) and 1.97 μg L(-1), respectively. The results indicated that this AlGaN/GaN HEMT-based electrochemical sensor has the potential applications on phosphate anion detection.
Systemic Inflammation Induces Acute Behavioral and Cognitive Changes and Accelerates Neurodegenerative Disease (2008)

These data demonstrate that transient systemic inflammation superimposed on neurodegenerative disease acutely exacerbates cognitive and motor symptoms of disease and accelerates disease progression. These deleterious effects of systemic inflammation have implications for the treatment of chronic neurodegeneration and associated delirium.
Medium access control in multihop networks (2004)

In this paper, we address the problem of medium-access control (MAC) in multihop networks. We focus on the first-come, first-serve (FCFS) collision-resolution algorithm, and for the two-destination case illustrate the difficulties that arise because of the interference between two populations of nodes that share a common channel. Specifically, a deadlock can arise when a commonly used improvement to the FCFS algorithm for the single-destination case is used. To eliminate this deadlock, we use a "group TDMA" mechanism, which separates the interfering groups, while permitting use of the best version of the FCFS algorithm. We demonstrate that use of group TDMA in conjunction with the FCFS algorithm can provide increased throughput and energy efficiency. Additionally, we extend our model to a cellular-like multihop network.
Androgen & vitamin D nuclear receptor expression in archival breast tumour samples. (2006)

There was no significant correlation between androgen or vitamin D receptor expression and clinical findings. The expression of AR and VDR and the antigen density in the nuclei of the archival breast tumour samples were highly variable because of the tumour heterogeneity. Future studies with fresh biopsy samples of tumour on AR and VDR levels and their up- or down-regulation may be useful while stratifying the patients for hormonal therapy.
Structure and inducible regulation of the human c-erb B2/neu promoter. (1990)

Overexpression of the p185 product of the c-erb B2/neu gene is correlated with cell transformation and tumorigenesis. To study expression of this gene, a 1548-base pair fragment (-1571 to -24 bp relative to the ATG initiator codon) of the human c-erb B2/neu 5'-noncoding region was isolated, sequenced, and analyzed with respect to basal and inducible activity using the luciferase expression vector pSVOAL delta 5'. This fragment contained an Alu repetitive element which was confirmed in two independent clones. Basal activity of the 1548-base pair fragment was equivalent to the epidermal growth factor receptor promoter region and 32 and 16% as active as the Herpes simplex thymidine kinase and Rous sarcoma virus promoters, respectively. Induction of luciferase activity was observed in response to epidermal growth factor, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, dibutyryl cAMP, and retinoic acid. Additive and synergistic responses with more than 30-fold increases were observed after treatment with combinations of inducing agents, indicating complex regulation of this gene. These results show that the promoter region of the c-erb B2/neu gene contains sequences that dictate regulatory responses to several environmental signals.
Improved diabetic syndrome in C57BL/KsJ‐db/db mice by oral administration of the Na<sup>+</sup>‐glucose cotransporter inhibitor T‐1095 (2001)

1. The therapeutic effects of an orally active inhibitor of Na(+)-glucose cotransporter (SGLT), T-1095 (a derivative of phlorizin; 3-(benzo[b]furan-5-yl)-2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methylpropiophenone 2'-O-(6-O-methoxycarbonyl-beta-D-glycopyranoside)) were examined in C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice, a genetic animal model of obese type 2 diabetes. 2. The higher renal SGLT activity in db/db mice than normoglycaemic C57BL/KsJ-db/+m (db/+m) mice may support the rationale for using an SGLT inhibitor in the treatment regimen for type 2 diabetes. Both T-1095 and its metabolite, T-1095A, which had approximately 10 times more potency, effectively inhibited renal SGLT activity of these mice in vitro. 3. Single oral administration of T-1095 (10, 30, 100 mg kg(-1), p.o.) to db/db mice caused a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose levels and a concomitant increase in glucose excretion into urine. In contrast, T-1095 only slightly affected blood glucose levels in db/+m mice. 4. Chronic administration of T-1095 (0.1% w w(-1) pellet chow, for 12 weeks) decreased blood glucose and haemoglobin A(1C) levels, and improved glucose intolerance in db/db mice. The age-related decrease in plasma insulin levels was markedly inhibited and there was a 2.5 fold increase of insulin content in the pancreas of T-1095-treated db/db mice. Food consumption was not changed, while impaired body weight gain was ameliorated by T-1095 treatment. 5. Both the development of albuminuria and the expansion of glomerular mesangial area in db/db mice were significantly suppressed by chronic T-1095 treatment, indicating the prevention of the progression of diabetic nephropathy. 6. These results demonstrate that the SGLT inhibitor T-1095 is able to improve the metabolic abnormalities and inhibit the development of diabetic complications in db/db mice. Thus, T-1095 can be used for therapy of type 2 diabetic patients.