gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and proteolytic processing of procardosin A (1998)

Plant aspartic proteinases contain a plant-specific insert (PSI) of about 100 amino acids of unknown function with no similarity with the other aspartic proteinases but with significant similarity with saposins, animal sphingolipid activator proteins. PSI has remained elusive at the protein level, suggesting that it may be removed during processing. To understand the molecular relevance of PSI, the proteolytic processing of cardosin A, the major aspartic proteinase from the flowers of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) was studied. Procardosin A, a 64-kDa cardosin A precursor containing PSI and the prosegment was identified by immunoblotting using monospecific antibodies against PSI and the prosegment. Procardosin A undergoes proteolytic processing as the flower matures. PSI was found to be removed before the prosegment, indicating that during processing the enzyme acquires a structure typical of mammalian or microbial aspartic proteinase proforms. In vitro studies showed that processing of PSI occurs at pH 3.0 and is inhibited by pepstatin A and at pH 7.0. Sequence analysis allowed the identification of the cleavage sites, revealing that PSI is removed entirely, probably by an aspartic proteinase. Cleavage of the PSI scissile bonds requires, however, a conformation specific to the precursor since isolated cardosins and pistil extracts were unable to hydrolyse synthetic peptides corresponding to the cleavage sites. In view of these results, a model for the proteolytic processing of cardosin A is proposed and the molecular and physiological relevance of PSI in plant aspartic proteinase is discussed.
Supporting breastfeeding mothers in hospital: part 1 (2007)

Breastfeeding makes a vital contribution to the health and development of babies, as well as to long term health. Establishing breastfeeding may not be easy even for mothers with healthy full-term babies. Mothers in the paediatric environment experience additional challenges: sick babies, delayed onset of breastfeeding and having to establish and maintain breastfeeding in situations where privacy may be limited and anxiety levels high. This first part of a two-part article describes the development of a breastfeeding support service in a tertiary children's hospital. Institutional support, a dedicated post and a planned programme of training and education, with the development of specific resource materials, have resulted in a service that closely matches the expressed needs of mothers.
Additional Plasma Surface Texturing for Single-Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge (2005)

To reduce the light reflection from surfaces of single-crystalline solar cells, a new surface texturing technique using a dielectric barrier discharge was proposed and examined on wet-textured surfaces of single-crystalline Si substrates. Minute uneven structures were additionally formed on the entire area of a wet-textured surface of pyramid-like shape. When the discharge voltage was 3.5 kV, the reflectance was less than 8% at wavelengths from 400 to 1000 nm and showed a minimum of 5.3% at 520 nm.
Changes in Serum Proteins During Growth of Malignant Cells in vitro. (1957)

The changes that occur in the serum protein fractions of the tissue culture medium during growth of 2 rat and one human tumorous cell strains maintained in continuous tissue culture were studied. Electrophoretic studies on the culture fluids by the moving boundary, and as well the paper electrophoresis technics, revealed a significant decrease of the levels of alpha and beta globulins of the serum nutrient during specific periods of growth. These findings are supported by microanalytical data.
Impact of heterogeneity on DSM performance (2002)

This paper explores area/parallelism tradeoffs in the design of distributed shared-memory (DSM) multiprocessors built out of large single-chip computing nodes. In this context, area-efficiency arguments motivate a heterogeneous organization consisting of few nodes with large caches designed for single-thread parallelism, and a larger number of nodes with smaller caches designed for multi-thread parallelism. Quantitative performance of such organization is reported for a set of homogeneous multiprocessor programs from the SPLASH-2 benchmark suite. These programs are mapped onto the heterogeneous processors without source code modifications via static thread assignment policies. Simulation-based analysis is used to compare the performance of heterogeneous and homogeneous DSMs that occupy the same silicon area. The analysis shows that a 4-node heterogeneous DSM with 21 processors outperforms its homogeneous counterpart with 4 processors by an average age of 36% for the studied multiprocessor workload, while having the same performance for sequential codes. A sensitivity analysis based on a factorial design experiment is used to study the implications of processor, memory, and network heterogeneity on overall cost and performance of a heterogeneous DSM. The studied benchmarks are affected, on average, primarily by heterogeneity in processor performance (59.3%), followed by cache sizes (18.2%), memory latency (14.6%), and network latency (5.6%).
The mechanism of activation of plasminogen at the fibrin surface by tissue-type plasminogen activator in a plasma milieu <i>in vitro</i>. Role of α2-antiplasmin (1990)

The mechanism of activation of human Glu-plasminogen by fibrin-bound tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in a plasma environment or in a reconstituted system was characterized. A heterogeneous system was used, allowing the setting of experimental conditions as close as possible to the physiological fibrin/plasma interphase, and permitting the separate analysis of the products present in each of the phases as a function of time. The generation of plasmin was monitored both by spectrophotometric analysis and by radioisotopic analysis with a plasmin-selective chromogenic substrate and radiolabelled Glu-plasminogen respectively. Plasmin(ogen)-derived products were identified by SDS/PAGE followed by autoradiography and/or immunoblotting. When the activation was performed in a plasma environment, the products identified on the fibrin surface were Glu-plasmin (90%) and Glu-plasminogen (10%), whereas in the soluble phase only complexes between Glu-plasmin and its fast-acting inhibitor were detected. Identical results were obtained with a reconstituted system comprising solid-phase fibrin, t-PA, Glu-plasminogen and and alpha 2-antiplasmin. In contrast, when alpha 2-antiplasmin was omitted from the solution, Lys-plasmin was progressively generated on to the fibrin surface (30%) and released to the soluble phase. In the presence of alpha 2-antiplasmin or in plasma, the amount of active plasmin generated on the fibrin surface was lower than in the absence of the inhibitor: in a representative experiment the initial velocity of plasmin generation was 2.8 x 10(-3), 2.0 x 10(-3) and 1.8 x 10(-3) (delta A405/min) for 200 nM-plasminogen, 200 nM-plasminogen plus 100 nM-alpha 2-antiplasmin and native plasma respectively. Our results indicate that in plasma or in a reconstituted purified system containing plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin at a ratio similar to that found in plasma (1) the activation pathway of native Glu-plasminogen proceeds directly to the formation of Glu-plasmin, (2) Lys-plasminogen is not an intermediate of the reaction and therefore (3) Lys-plasmin is not the final active product. However, in the absence of the inhibitor, Lys-plasmin and probably Lys-plasminogen, which is more readily activated to plasmin than is Glu-plasminogen, are generated as well.
Affine transformations for compensating linear distortion: An application to linear signaling in mobile radio (1992)

Abstract With the progress in mobile communication as the background, researchers have become interested in digital signaling techniques. The quadrature modulator and the quadrature demodulator are employed in those techniques. This paper aims at the suppression of the waveform distortion in such a quadrature modulator/demodulator and proposes the affine transformation distortion compensation for the linear distortion (ADC). The linear distortion is attributed to: (i) dc offset in the baseband signal; (ii) unbalance of I/Q amplitudes; and (iii) phase offset of quadrature reference carrier. It is shown that those can be eliminated by ADC. A method is shown which estimates the ADC parameters of the quadrature modulation from the output of the level detector for the modulated wave. A method is also shown which estimates the ADC parameters for quadrature demodulation from the detected component in the received wave. ADC is actually implemented in the QPSK transmission system using the decision feedback equalizer. The characteristics are examined experimentally, and the usefulness of the method is demonstrated.
Noble‐Metal/Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Core/Shell Nanoparticles as a Cocatalyst for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting (2006)

“Waterproof” coats: Rh/Cr2O3 (core/shell) nanoparticles supported on a (Ga1−xZnx)(N1−xOx) solid solution are synthesized by an in situ photodeposition method. These nanoparticles (see picture) are used as a promoter for overall water splitting upon visible-light irradiation (λ>400 nm). Without the Cr2O3 shell water is formed from H2 and O2 in an undesired back reaction.
Nature's chemicals and synthetic chemicals: comparative toxicology. (1990)

The toxicology of synthetic chemicals is compared to that of natural chemicals, which represent the vast bulk of the chemicals to which humans are exposed. It is argued that animals have a broad array of inducible general defenses to combat the changing array of toxic chemicals in plant food (nature's pesticides) and that these defenses are effective against both natural and synthetic toxins. Synthetic toxins such as dioxin are compared to natural chemicals, such as indole carbinol (in broccoli) and ethanol. Trade-offs between synthetic and natural pesticides are discussed. The finding that in high-dose tests, a high proportion of both natural and synthetic chemicals are carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens, and clastogens (30-50% for each group) undermines current regulatory efforts to protect public health from synthetic chemicals based on these tests.
A New Content Based Median Filter (2004)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Viena, Austria, 2004
Design and modeling of tubular flux-switching permanent magnet linear motor (2014)

A novel tubular flux-switching permanent magnet (PM) linear motor is proposed in this paper. It takes the hybrid operating principle of conventional flux switching machines and excitation of permanent magnet poles. It helps to increase the magnetic flux density in air gaps, and improve the force output. The complementary phase is employed to reduce force ripples. Modular design methodology is utilized to improve the system interchangeability. The design concept and working principle are presented. The magnetic field distribution and thrust output are formulated analytically based on equivalent magnetic circuits. Numerical analysis is conducted on the magnetic field and thrust output to validate the operating principle of the proposed tubular flux-switching PM linear motor. It shows that the system can improve the thrust force density compared with conventional flux-switching machines. In addition, the proposed design helps to depress the force ripple and thus benefit the motion control of linear machines.
Clinical scale ex vivo manufacture of neutrophils from hematopoietic progenitor cells (2009)

Dose-intensive chemotherapy results in an obligatory period of severe neutropenia during which patients are at high risk of infection. While patient support with donor neutrophils is possible, this option is restricted due to donor availability and logistic complications. To overcome these problems, we explored the possibility of large scale ex vivo manufacture of neutrophils from hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). CD34+ HPC isolated from umbilical cord blood (UCB) and mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) were expanded in serum-free medium supplemented with stem cell factor, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and a thrombopoietin peptide mimetic. After 15 days of cultivation a 5,800-fold expansion in cell number was achieved for UCB, and up to 4,000-fold for mPB, comprising 40% and 60% mature neutrophils respectively. Ex vivo expanded neutrophils exhibited respiratory burst activity similar to that for donor neutrophils, and were capable of killing Candida albicans in vitro. These yields correspond to a more than 10-fold improvement over current methods, and are sufficient for the production of multiple neutrophil transfusion doses per HPC donation. To enable clinical scale manufacture, we adapted our protocol for use in a wave-type bioreactor at a volume of 10 L. This is the first demonstration of a large scale bioprocess suitable for routine manufacture of a mature blood cell product from HPC, and could enable prophylactic neutrophil support for chemotherapy patients.
Understanding the pressure cost of ventilation: Why does high-frequency ventilation work? (1994)

This analysis illustrates the importance of using high-frequency ventilation in infant respiratory distress syndrome and of optimizing the amount of PEEP. It also points out the danger of barotrauma in the derecruited lung. When the lungs are in a derecruited state, the combinations of frequency, PEEP, and tidal volume that yield adequate ventilation with safe distention of recruited alveoli are severely limited.
A Lightweight ECC Processor Supporting Elliptic Curves over NIST Prime Fields (2018)

NIST 표준에 정의된 4가지 소수체 (prime field) 타원곡선을 지원하는 타원곡선 암호 프로세서를 경량화 하드웨어 구현에 초점을 맞추어 설계하였다. 스칼라 곱셈을 위한 수정형 몽고메리 래더 (Montgomery ladder) 알고리듬, 점 연산 과정의 나눗셈 연산을 제거하기 위한 자코비안 (Jacobian) 투영 좌표계, 유한체 연산을 위한 32-비트 워드 기반 몽고메리 곱셈기의 최적 설계, 효율적인 메모리 엑세스 등 타원곡선 암호의 경량 하드웨어 구현을 위해 계층별 다양한 설계기법들을 적용하였다. 설계된 타원곡선 암호 프로세서를 FPGA에 구현하고 ECDH 키 교환 프로토콜에 적용하여 하드웨어 동작을 검증하였다. 키 길이 192/224/256/384 비트에 따라 스칼라 곱셈에 각각 576,765/863,969/1,210,663/3,694,159 클록 사이클이 소요되는 것으로 평가되었으며, 180 nm 공정의 CMOS 셀 라이브러리로 합성한 결과 125 MHz의 동작 주파수에서 26,280 GE와 5.4-Kbit RAM으로 구현되었다.
Interleukin 4 production by CD4+ T cells from allergic individuals is modulated by antigen concentration and antigen-presenting cell type. (1995)

We have previously shown that CD4+ T cells from allergic individuals are predisposed to produce interleukin (IL)-4 in response to allergens, and that allergen immunotherapy greatly reduced IL-4 production in an allergen-specific fashion. The mechanism that results in the reduction of IL-4 synthesis in treated individuals is unknown, but because clinical improvement during immunotherapy is associated with the administration of the highest doses of allergen, we hypothesized that high concentration of allergen results in the downregulation of IL-4 synthesis in CD4+ T cells. In this report, we demonstrated that CD4+ T cells from allergic donors produced high levels of IL-4 when stimulated with low concentrations of allergen (0.003-0.01 micrograms/ml), particularly when B cell-enriched populations presented the antigen. In contrast, the same responding CD4+ T cell population produced little IL-4 when stimulated with high concentrations of allergen (10-30 micrograms/ml), especially when monocytes were used as antigen-presenting cells (APC). The quantity of IL-4 produced was also found to be inversely related to the extent of proliferation of the CD4+ T cells in response to allergen/antigen; maximal proliferation of CD4+ T cells occurred in response to high concentrations of antigen when IL-4 production was minimal. Antigen presentation by B cell-enriched populations, instead of monocytes, induced less CD4+ T cell proliferation, but induced much greater IL-4 synthesis. Moreover, the addition of increasing numbers of APC (either B cells or monocytes) to cultures containing a constant number of responder T cells resulted in increased T cell proliferation and decreased IL-4 production. These results indicate that the circumstances under which memory T cells are activated, as well as the strength of the proliferative signal to T cells, greatly affect the quantity of IL-4 produced. Thus, our observations that the cytokine profile of allergen-specific memory CD4+ T cells can indeed be modulated by the antigen dose and APC type suggest that methods that preferentially enhance allergen uptake by monocytes and that enhance T cell proliferation will improve the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic disease.
Intelligent Transportation and Control Systems Using Data Mining and Machine Learning Techniques: A Comprehensive Study (2019)

Traffic congestion is becoming the issues of the entire globe. This study aims to explore and review the data mining and machine learning technologies adopted in research and industry to attempt to overcome the direct and indirect traffic issues on humanity and societies. The study's methodology is to comprehensively review around 165 studies, criticize, and categorize all these studies into a chronological and understandable category. The study is focusing on the traffic management approaches that were depended on data mining and machine learning technologies to detect and predict the traffic only. This study has found that there is no standard traffic management approach that the community of traffic management has agreed on. This study is important to the traffic research communities, traffic software companies, and traffic government officials. It has a direct impact on drawing a clear path for new traffic management propositions. This study is one of the largest studies with respect to the size of its reviewed articles that were focused on data mining and machine learning. Additionally, this study will draw general attention to a new traffic management proposition approach.
Therapeutic Benefits by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) and Ang-1 Gene-Modified hMSCs after Cerebral Ischemia (2007)

Transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) prepared from adult bone marrow has been reported to ameliorate functional deficits after cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Although several hypotheses to account for these therapeutic effects have been suggested, current thinking is that both neuroprotection and angiogenesis are primarily responsible. In this study, we compared the effects of hMSCs and angiopoietin-1 gene-modified hMSCs (Ang-hMSCs) intravenously infused into rats 6 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Magnetic resonance imaging and histologic analyses revealed that rats receiving hMSCs or Ang-hMSCs exhibited comparable reduction in gross lesion volume as compared with the control group. Although both cell types indeed improved angiogenesis near the border of the ischemic lesions, neovascularization and regional cerebral blood flow were greater in some border areas in Ang-hMSC group. Both hMSC- and Ang-hMSC-treated rats showed greater improved functional recovery in the treadmill stress test than did control rats, but the Ang-hMSC group was greater. These results indicate the intravenous administration of genetically modified hMSCs to express angiopoietin has a similar effect on reducing lesion volume as hMSCs, but the Ang-hMSC group showed enhanced regions of increased angiogenesis at the lesion border, and modest additional improvement in functional outcome.
Role of the Immune System in Aging and Longevity (2011)

The aging process is a universal, intrinsic, progressive accumulation of deleterious changes in cells and tissues that increases morbidity and leads to death. The heterogeneity of the age-related physiological changes is shown by the "biological age", which determines the rate of ageing experienced by each individual and therefore his life expectancy. According to the recent theory of oxidation-inflammation to explain the aging process, the immune system seems to be involved in the chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress conditions of aging. It has been proposed that several age-related changes in immune cell functions, which depend on the redox state of these cells, could be good markers of health, biological age and longevity. In order to identify parameters of the functional and redox situation of immune cells as markers of biological age and predictors of longevity, we have studied those parameters in human healthy centenarians, in extreme long-living mice, as models of successful aging, and in immune cells from murine models of premature immunosenescence. The aim of the present work is to review the results in humans and rodents on those parameters and their relationship with biological age and longevity, as well as to propose several strategies of lifestyle useful to improve the immune function and thus to increase the mean life span.
Subjective Ratings of Sleepiness—The Underlying Circadian Mechanisms (1987)

Previous field and laboratory studies have revealed that there is a diurnal variation in subjective sleepiness that is different in form to that of objective sleepiness and many measures of performance efficiency. The worst subjective sleepiness occurs at the trough in the circadian temperature rhythm, the least subjective sleepiness about 7 h before the peak in temperature. A series of forced desynchronization experiments, in which the endogenous circadian oscillator controlling the temperature rhythm ran at a different period to the sleep/wake cycle, revealed that these findings can be explained by postulating subjective sleepiness to be under the control of both factors, with minimum sleepiness occurring at the peak in temperature in terms of the temperature cycle and about 6 h after waking in terms of the sleep/wake cycle.
ZX pulsed-power design (2003)

ZX is a new z-pinch accelerator planned as the next generation z-pinch driver at SNL, and as an intermediate step towards X-1. It is planned to drive either a single 50 MA z-pinch load, or two 25 to 30 MA z pinches. Three designs for the ZX accelerator are presented. All require 7 to 8 MV at the insulator stack to drive the z-pinch load to implosion in 100 to 120 ns. Two of the designs are based on the Z accelerator, and use water-line technology; a transit-time-isolated water adder; and a water transformer. The third design uses inductive-voltage adders in water. The authors also describe a low-inductance insulator stack design that helps minimize voltage requirements. This design is evaluated for water and vacuum break-down using JCM, THM, and magnetic-flashover-inhibition criteria.
Closing the Gender Gap: Can We Improve Bladder Cancer Survival in Women? - A Systematic Review of Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcomes (2016)

We have offered recommendations to improve patient education and streamline referrals and suggested considerations for treatment of high-risk cancers to help improve survival in female bladder cancer patients.