gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Gearing versus Conventional Gearing in Actuators for Aerospace Applications (2014)

Magnetic geared actuators (MGA) are designed to perform highly reliable, robust and precise motion on satellite platforms or aerospace vehicles. The design allows MGA to be used for various tasks in space applications. In contrast to conventional geared drives, the contact and lubrication free force transmitting elements lead to a considerable lifetime and range extension of drive systems. This paper describes the fundamentals of magnetic wobbling gears (MWG) and the deduced inherent characteristics, and compares conventional and magnetic gearing.
Glucose content in human skin: relationship with blood glucose levels (1995)

In order to ascertain the dynamic relationship between the extracellular glucose in upper skin layers and blood glucose, skin suction blisters were raised in six Type 1 diabetic patients during a three-step glucose clamp. Blister glucose closely paralleled venous glucose (mean of r = 0.998). However, in three patients blister glucose was constantly lower than plasma glucose and this appeared to be related to their slower formation of skin blisters. A substantial difference in skin blister suction time was noted among patients and it was found that suction time was linearly correlated to glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) (n = 6, r = 0.865, p = 0.026). It is concluded that a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring system could be successfully based on measurement of alterations in skin glucose contents.
System for In-Service Strain Monitoring of Ordinary Bridges (2006)

An in-service bridge monitoring system (ISBMS) has been developed to provide near real-time web-based monitoring of live load strains in a bridge. The monitoring system is small, battery operated, can be rapidly deployed, and is programmed and interrogated via a user-friendly web interface. The ISBMS has been designed to be portable and used on an “as-needed” basis as a diagnostic tool or for health monitoring of ordinary bridges. The system is based on a small single-board computer with analog inputs; it also includes a cellular digital packet data modem for communication via the existing cellular network. Strains are measured using either a full bridge strain transducer or a quarter bridge foil strain gauge. The system has three modes of operation; The peaks program records peak live load strains that exceed a specified threshold, the time history program captures dynamic waveforms that exceed a specified threshold, and the rainflow program counts varying amplitude strain cycles. The selection and setup of the program, and retrieval of data is handled through a custom designed web interface. The system has been tested in the laboratory and in the field on a heavily traveled steel girder bridge. The data obtained from the ISBMS can be used for load rating using site specific data, fatigue investigations, monitoring bridge performance under permit loads, and as part of the biannual inspection of ordinary bridge.
An analysis of ATE computational architecture (2002)

The author discusses the following aspects of test system software: the use of the latest computer technology; the use of the latest software technology, such as graphics and object-oriented programming; the role of the ATE (automatic test equipment) vendor in providing test solutions; the role of the tester user in designing device tests, analyzing test results, and developing production-worthy test solutions. The impact that changes in the state-of-the-art of computer and software design are having on ATE tester architectures is summarized. The importance of the need to be flexible and independent of these changes is shown as it relates to the system software engineer and, even more important, to the device engineer, who is the end user of the test system. The author discusses a two-tiered approach whereby an engineer who is extremely knowledgeable about the tester develops applications that optimize the use of the tester resources. Last, the enVision visual environment is shown; it is an environment ideally suited to the type of work that a device engineer needs to do.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Capillary Valve for Use in the Ventilation of Fast Breeder Control Rods (1971)

A “capillary valve” having no moving parts, and suited for use in corrosive media has been designed and developed. The valve permits the bleeding of a gas into a liquid region if a certain pressure difference is exceeded and also prevents the counterflow of liquid. The valve consists of a porous metallic disk or plug that has small-diameter interconnected pores that average between 0.1 and 5 μ and have the essential property of being wet by the liquid involved.
Practical Reinforcement Learning in Continuous Spaces (2000)

Dynamic control tasks are good candidates for the application of reinforcement learning techniques. However, many of these tasks inherently have continuous state or action variables. This can cause problems for traditional reinforcement learning algorithms which assume discrete states and actions. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm that safely approximates the value function for continuous state control tasks, and that learns quickly from a small amount of data. We give experimental results using this algorithm to learn policies for both a simulated task and also for a real robot, operating in an unaltered environment. The algorithm works well in a traditional learning setting, and demonstrates extremely good learning when bootstrapped with a small amount of human-provided data. 1.
Stochastic simulation of tip-sample interactions in atomic force microscopy (2012)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) simulators, which are used to gain insight into tip-sample physics and data interpretation, so far have been optimized for modeling deterministic cantilever dynamics. In this article, we demonstrate a method for semi-empirical simulation of the stochastic dynamics of tip-sample interactions. The detection, force, and displacement noises are separately generated directly from their numerically defined power spectral densities and used to simulate a force spectroscopy experiment in water at the mica interface. Mechanical noise of the AFM is shown to dominate over thermal noise of the cantilever upon interaction with the last two hydration layers.
Static deformation from point forces and force couples located in welded elastic poissonian half-spaces: Implications for seismic moment tensors (1990)

Correction| February 01, 1990 Static deformation from point forces and force couples located in welded elastic poissonian half-spaces: Implications for seismic moment tensors Thomas H. Heaton; Thomas H. Heaton Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Robert E. Heaton Robert E. Heaton Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1990) 80 (1): 237. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0800010237B Article history first online: 03 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Thomas H. Heaton, Robert E. Heaton; Static deformation from point forces and force couples located in welded elastic poissonian half-spaces: Implications for seismic moment tensors. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1990;; 80 (1): 237. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0800010237B Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyBulletin of the Seismological Society of America Search Advanced Search This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.
A distortion measure for image artifacts based on human visual sensitivity (2002)

A visual model which gives a distortion measure for coding artifacts in images is presented. Given the original and the reproduced image as inputs, the model output is a numerical value, which quantifies the visibility of error in a region of the reproduced image. The model aims to predict accurately the visibility of the common types of coding artifacts blocking, ringing and blurring. Visual sensitivity to these artifacts is measured using psyche-visual experiments. The sensitivity measures thus obtained are used to derive the visual model which predicts the visibility of error. The final model is tested on real images, and the results show that the error visibility predicted by the model correlates well with the subjective ranking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Anhydrous Racemate of the Carcinostatic Agent Cyclophosphamide and the Bicyclic Degradation Product 1-(2-Chloroethyl)tetrahydro-1H,5H-1,3,2-diazaphospholo[2,1-b][1,3,2]oxazaphosphorine 9-Oxide (1996)

Anhydrous racemic cyclo­phosphamide, [(±)-N,N-bis­(2-chloroethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine 2-oxide C7H15Cl2N2O2P, (1)], displays a chair conformation with axial phosphoryl oxygen and close to planar geometry at the N atoms. The molecules are linked by N-H⋯O=P hydrogen bonds into chains. One chloroethyl side chain is extended, the other is gauche. The C—Cl bond lengths are Cl1-C5 1.789 (2) and Cl2-C7 1.791 (2) Å. The bicyclic degradation product, 1-(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-1H,5H–1,3,2-diazaphospholo[2,1-b][1,3,2]oxazaphosphorine 9-oxide, C7H14ClN2O2P, (2), is formed by intramolecular alkylation at the ring N atom of (1). The major change of bond length upon annelation is observed for P—N2, the ring P—N bond in (1), which is lengthened from 1.633 (2) to 1.6593 (14) Å. The angle N1—P—N2, incorporated into the five-membered ring in (2), narrows from 105.84 (8) to 97.36 (7)°. The remaining chloroethyl side chain is gauche. The C—Cl bond length is 1.790 (2) Å.
Cellular crowding imposes global constraints on the chemistry and evolution of proteomes (2012)

In living cells, functional protein-protein interactions compete with a much larger number of nonfunctional, or promiscuous, interactions. Several cellular properties contribute to avoiding unwanted protein interactions, including regulation of gene expression, cellular compartmentalization, and high specificity and affinity of functional interactions. Here we investigate whether other mechanisms exist that shape the sequence and structure of proteins to favor their correct assembly into functional protein complexes. To examine this question, we project evolutionary and cellular abundance information onto 397, 196, and 631 proteins of known 3D structure from Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Homo sapiens, respectively. On the basis of amino acid frequencies in interface patches versus the solvent-accessible protein surface, we define a propensity or "stickiness" scale for each of the 20 amino acids. We find that the propensity to interact in a nonspecific manner is inversely correlated with abundance. In other words, high abundance proteins have less sticky surfaces. We also find that stickiness constrains protein evolution, whereby residues in sticky surface patches are more conserved than those found in nonsticky patches. Finally, we find that the constraint imposed by stickiness on protein divergence is proportional to protein abundance, which provides mechanistic insights into the correlation between protein conservation and protein abundance. Overall, the avoidance of nonfunctional interactions significantly influences the physico-chemical and evolutionary properties of proteins. Remarkably, the effects observed are consistently larger in E. coli and S. cerevisiae than in H. sapiens, suggesting that promiscuous protein-protein interactions may be freer to accumulate in the human lineage.
No Sliding during Homology Search by RecA Protein (1998)

The RecA protein of Escherichia coli is a prototype of the RecA/Rad51 family of proteins that exist in virtually all the organisms. In a process called DNA synapsis, RecA first polymerizes onto a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecule; the resulting RecA-ssDNA complex then searches for and binds to a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecule containing the almost identical, or "homologous, " sequence. The RecA-ssDNA complex thus can be envisioned as a sequence-specific binding entity. How does the complex search for its target buried within nonspecific sequences? One possible mechanism is the sliding mechanism, in which the complex first binds to a dsDNA molecule nonspecifically and then linearly diffuses, or slides, along the dsDNA. To understand the mechanism of homology search by RecA, this sliding model was tested. A plasmid containing four homologous targets in tandem was constructed and used as the dsDNA substrate in the synapsis reaction. If the sliding is the predominant search mode, the two outermost targets should act as more efficient targets than the inner targets. No such positional preference was observed, indicating that a long range sliding of the RecA-ssDNA complex does not occur. These and other available data can be adequately explained by a simple three-dimensional random collision mechanism.
Object Detection and Classification by Decision-Level Fusion for Intelligent Vehicle Systems (2017)

To understand driving environments effectively, it is important to achieve accurate detection and classification of objects detected by sensor-based intelligent vehicle systems, which are significantly important tasks. Object detection is performed for the localization of objects, whereas object classification recognizes object classes from detected object regions. For accurate object detection and classification, fusing multiple sensor information into a key component of the representation and perception processes is necessary. In this paper, we propose a new object-detection and classification method using decision-level fusion. We fuse the classification outputs from independent unary classifiers, such as 3D point clouds and image data using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The unary classifiers for the two sensors are the CNN with five layers, which use more than two pre-trained convolutional layers to consider local to global features as data representation. To represent data using convolutional layers, we apply region of interest (ROI) pooling to the outputs of each layer on the object candidate regions generated using object proposal generation to realize color flattening and semantic grouping for charge-coupled device and Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) sensors. We evaluate our proposed method on a KITTI benchmark dataset to detect and classify three object classes: cars, pedestrians and cyclists. The evaluation results show that the proposed method achieves better performance than the previous methods. Our proposed method extracted approximately 500 proposals on a 1226 × 370 image, whereas the original selective search method extracted approximately 10 6 × n proposals. We obtained classification performance with 77.72% mean average precision over the entirety of the classes in the moderate detection level of the KITTI benchmark dataset.
Comments on the methods used to determine the energy values of carbohydrates: Dietary fibre, sugar alcohols and other bulking agents (1993)

Methods to evaluate the availability of food energy from difficult to digest carbohydrates are described. Emphasis is given to problems of interpreting results from energy determinations and to the accuracy and precision of the methods used. Consideration is given to determination of the heats of combustion of food components; determination of the metabolisable energy of diets and both apparent and partial metabolisable energy values of dietary components; and derivation and determination of net energy values of carbohydrates including methods to assess the availability of carbohydrates using enzymatic models, the ileostomy model, intubation, the labelled CO2 breath test, the hydrogen (H2) breath test, and isotopic tracer methods. The use and misuse of animals and indirect calorimetry in humans are also considered. Energy evaluation methods are classified into those which make direct determinations and those which determine indices for which established factors are needed for conversion into energy values. The direct methods appear less precise and potentially less accurate than methods that measure indices and use factors. In the latter, the precision (standard error of the determination) of several procedures is about 1 kJ/g (0.25 kcal/g) but in none is the accuracy established to be better than 2.5 kJ/g (0.6 kcal/g). Such precision is sufficient to allow inter-laboratory, inter-method and intersubstrate studies to be made. Discrimination between difficult to digest carbohydrates in food labelling could easily be justified at the 2 kJ/g (0.5 kcal/g) level provided that inter-substrate trials were undertaken, but, without such trials, discrimination greater than 3.5 kJ/g (1 kcal/g) would not seem warranted. The most precise and accurate approach to obtain energy values in humans appears to be one that couples the determination of apparent metabolisability with the determination of availability via the small intestine.
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and prostate cancer: a review. (2005)

Men who die from prostate cancer do so from uncontrolled metastatic disease. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to prevent its natural progression. Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Scatter factor (HGF/SF) has been demonstrated to elicit a number of key functions in numerous tissues that are important in the progression, invasion and metastasis of cancer. Studies have demonstrated that the activity of HGF/SF and its receptor c-Met are linked to disease progression in numerous cancers. However, research into these functions, which include activities as a mitogen, a motogen and an anti-apoptotic and angiogenic factor in prostate cancer are limited. This article reviews the published evidence of the roles HGF/SF plays in prostate cancer progression and highlights the clinical and therapeutic potential of research into this pleiomorphic cytokine.
Partial Oxidation of Methane Using Ferric Molybdate Catalyst (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPartial Oxidation of Methane Using Ferric Molybdate CatalystAnand S. Chellappa and Dabir S. ViswanathCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 6, 1933–1940Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00045a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00045a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxygen Consumption of the Terrestrial Mite <i>Alaskozetes Antarcticus</i> (Acari: Cryptostigmata) (1977)

ABSTRACT Analysis of 148 measurements of individual respiration rate showed that although respiration was linearly related to live weight on a double log10 scale, there were significant differences between rates at 0°, + 5° and +10 ° C. Proto-and deutonymphal metabolic rates were higher than other stages, especially at +10 ° C. Q10 values ranged from 2·07 to 3·83 over 0° to +10 ° C. Equations relating individual respiratory rate to live weight and temperature for A. antarcticus, and metabolic rate to temperature for 10 species of Antarctic terrestrial invertebrates were developed. Comparison with temperate data indicated considerable cold adaptation in the Antarctic species with 3–5 times increased metabolism. It was calculated that 78– 82 % of the energy assimilated may be used in respiration by A. antarcticus.
Spanen metallischer Konstruktionswerkstoffe geringer Dichte (1999)

Magnesium, Aluminium und Titan sind die Leichtmetalle, die auch als Konstruktionswerkstoffe Verwendung finden. Sie bieten eine hervorragende Voraussetzung für die Gewichtsreduzierung von Bauteilen. Insbesondere in Automobilindustrie und Flugzeugindustrie besteht daher ein gesteigertes Interesse an der Verwendung dieser Werkstoffe und ihrer Legierungen. Die spanende Bearbeitung der Leichtmetalle gestaltet sich jedoch aus verschiedenen Gründen als problematisch. Bei der Zerspanung mit hohen Schnittgeschwindigkeiten können starke adhäsive und abrasive Effekte zwischen Schneid- und Werkstoff auftreten, die zu instationären Prozessen und zu negativen Beeinflussungen der bearbeiteten Funktionsflächen und Randzonen führen. Der Einfluß von Schneidstoffen, Werkzeugbeschichtungen und Schnittbedingungen auf Prozeß- und Wirkgrößen beim Spanen von Magnesium-, Aluminium- und Titanlegierungen wird beschrieben. Adhäsion kann bei Magnesium- und Aluminiumlegierungen insbesondere durch den Einsatz von PKD- oder diamantbeschichteten Werkzeugen gemindert werden. Diamantwerkzeuge tragen weiterhin aufgrund ihrer niedrigen Reibungszahl und der hohen thermischen Leitfähigkeit zu einer Verringerung der thermischen Belastung des Werkzeug-Werkstückkontakts bei und verringern so die Entzündungsgefahr von Magnesiumspänen. Für Titan werden moderne Werkzeugbeschichtungen auf (Ti,Al)N und TiCTiN-Basis eingesetzt, die ebenfalls den adhäsiven und abrasiven Verschleiß mindern. Machining of light metals Magnesium, aluminium and titanium are the only light metals that are also used in construction. They offer a significant prerequisite for weight reduction of workpieces. Especially the automotive and the aerospace industry have an increasing interest in using these lightweight materials as well as their alloys. The machining of light metals however is accompanied with several problems. With increasing the cutting speed high adhesive and abrasive effects between the cutting tool material and the workpiece material can occur. These effects lead to unsteady processes and also have a negative influence on the quality of functional surfaces as well as their subsurface properties. The influence of cutting tool materials, tool coatings and cutting conditions affecting the process when cutting magnesium, aluminium and titanium alloys is described. Adhesion can be reduced when machining magnesium and aluminium alloys in particular by the application of diamond-coated tools and by PCD-inserts. Diamond tools, due to their low coefficient of friction and the high thermal conductivity, furthermore contribute to the decrease of the thermal load within the contact zone between workpiece and cutting tool. Subsequently the danger of magnesium chip ignition can be minimized. For the machining of titanium alloys modern coatings based on (Ti,Al)N and TiCTiN are applied to reduce the adhesive and abrasive wear.