gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and Quantification of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 (slCAM‐1) in the Serum and Urine of Patients with Bladder Cancer (1998)

Our results suggested that sICAM-1 may play an important role in the progression of bladder cancer, and that elevated serum sICAM-1 levels may be related to tumor size.
Hierarchical nanostructured conducting polymer hydrogel with high electrochemical activity (2012)

Conducting polymer hydrogels represent a unique class of materials that synergizes the advantageous features of hydrogels and organic conductors and have been used in many applications such as bioelectronics and energy storage devices. They are often synthesized by polymerizing conductive polymer monomer within a nonconducting hydrogel matrix, resulting in deterioration of their electrical properties. Here, we report a scalable and versatile synthesis of multifunctional polyaniline (PAni) hydrogel with excellent electronic conductivity and electrochemical properties. With high surface area and three-dimensional porous nanostructures, the PAni hydrogels demonstrated potential as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes with high specific capacitance (~480 F·g(-1)), unprecedented rate capability, and cycling stability (~83% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles). The PAni hydrogels can also function as the active component of glucose oxidase sensors with fast response time (~0.3 s) and superior sensitivity (~16.7 μA · mM(-1)). The scalable synthesis and excellent electrode performance of the PAni hydrogel make it an attractive candidate for bioelectronics and future-generation energy storage electrodes.
Glutamatergic innervation in bone (2002)

Bone is highly innervated, and evidence for a regulation of bone metabolism by nerve fibers has been suggested by many clinical and experimental studies. However, the nature of the neuromediators involved in these processes has not been well documented. Glutamate (Glu), a major neuromediator of the central nervous system (CNS), was recently identified in nerve fibers running in bone marrow in close contact with bone cells, suggesting that Glu may also act as a neuromediator in this tissue. During the last few years, all the machinery required for glutamate signalling in the CNS was demonstrated in bone. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts express ionotropic Glu receptors (iGluR) (NMDA, AMPA, and Kainate) and metabotropic Glu receptors (mGluR) as well as Glu transporters. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and mGluR are functional on bone cells. NMDAR are involved in osteoclast formation and bone resorption and preliminary studies suggest that they may also participate in mechanisms underlying osteoblast proliferation or differentiation, providing evidence for a direct action of Glu on bone cells. The bone loss induced in a model of sciatic neurectomy in growing rats is associated with a decrease of glutamatergic innervation, suggesting that Glu released by nerve fibers may contribute to the regulation of bone remodeling. The manipulation of Glu action in bone may, therefore, represent a new therapeutic target for pathologies associated with modifications of bone remodeling.
Polarization-Division Interferometry: Far-Infrared Dichroism (1994)

We report the first far-infrared dichroism measurements using a polarization-division interferometer (PDI) developed in our laboratory. This interferometer uses a free-standing wire-grid beamsplitter made of tungsten wires. In conjunction with a linear polarizer in front of the source and two roof-top mirrors (one in each arm of the interferometer), the PDI divides the input beam into two orthogonal linear polarization components, recombines them for interference at the beamsplitter, and directs the output beam at 90° to the direction of the input beam. Light exiting the interferometer is manipulated with far-infrared lenses, to avoid polarization distortions that are inherent to the reflecting surfaces of the mirrors. The performance of the PDI is evaluated by measuring the linear dichroism of oriented PVF 2 [poly(vinylidenefluoride) and circular dichroism of α-pinene, camphor, and 3-methylcyclohexanone. The dichroic multiplex advantage (ability to measure dichroism in the entire far-infrared region from a single measurement) and throughput advantage are demonstrated. These measurements establish the utility of the PDI in measuring transmission and linear dichroism spectra simultaneously without the need for any additional components. Additional developments appear necessary to establish the circular dichroism measurements when the magnitudes are less than one part in one thousand.
Effect of centchroman and tamoxifen on protein patterns of fallopian tubes of rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta. (1992)

To study the effect of centchroman and tamoxifen on estrogen-dependent proteins of fallopian tubes of rhesus monkey, these antiestrogens were given with and without estradiol to ovariectomized monkeys. In absence of estradiol, both the compounds induced the synthesis of 130 and 95 K proteins. Concentration of 85 K protein was also increased markedly. These compounds, however, suppressed the estrogen stimulated synthesis of 130 K protein when administered with estradiol. The results show that both centchroman and tamoxifen possess estrogen agonistic as well as antagonistic properties and 130 K protein can be used as a marker protein to study estrogen action and for screening of antiestrogenic compounds in a primate model.
Effect of the Solid State Structure on the Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Response of Poly(2,5-dialkoxy-<i>p</i>-phenyleneethynylene)s (1996)

The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a series of poly(2,5-dialkoxy-p-phenyleneethynylene)s (PPEs) have been investigated in solution and in the solid state. In these PPEs, different alkoxy side chains are attached to the rigid-rod polymer main chain, leading to a series of polymers having an identical conjugated backbone but different supramolecular structures in the solid state. The nonresonant third-order NLO susceptibilities χ(3)(−3ω;ω,ω,ω) were measured by third-harmonic generation experiments. χ(3) values of up to 7.5 x 10-20 m2/V2 in solution and 14 × 10-20 m2/V2 in the solid state were determined. In solution, the NLO susceptibilities were found to be proportional to the content of polymer backbone, which depends on the functionalization of the PPEs. The solid state NLO susceptibilities were found to be related to the degree of long-range order in the samples, increasing with increasing order. In samples which adopt only a small extent of long-range order, the rigid-rod conjugated polymer backbones behave if they were “dissolved” in a hydrocarbon solvent, and consequently the nonlinear optical susceptibilities are comparable to those determined for solutions of these polymers. In films in which the polymer chains were found to adopt lamellar type supramolecular structures, the coplanar orientation of the conjugated polymer backbones is assumed to lead to intermolecular electronic interactions which give rise to extended conjugation lengths and hence lead to an increase of the nonlinear optical response.
Personalized DTV program recommendation system under a cloud computing environment (2010)

A wide deployment of Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), Cable Television (CATV), Internet, User Created Contents (UCC), and Digital Television (DTV) enabled the rapid increase of channels and programs which can be selected by consumers. This was not expected when we consider the conventional television program technologies and policies. Due to these paradigm changes, hundreds of channels and programs are now available to consumers. It has become difficult and time consuming to find an interesting channel and program via the remote control or channel guide map. To refine the channel selecting processes and to satisfy the consumer's requirements, we propose the Personalized DTV Program Recommendation (PDPR) system under a cloud computing environment. The proposed PDPR system analyzes and uses the viewing pattern of consumers to personalize the program recommendations, and to efficiently use computing resources.
Functional tests for ring-address SRAM-type FIFOs (2002)

First-In-First-Out (FTFO) memories are becoming increasingly popular as buffer storage between subsystems operating at different data rates. One way to implement a FIFO is to use a dual-port SRAM memory with a ring-address mechanism consisting of an n-bit shift register (n is the number of words in the FIFO). This saves the address decoder circuitry and allows for higher speed operation, which makes this type of FIFO very popular, especially for embedded applications. The well-known functional tests for SRAMs cannot be applied to FIFOs, because of their built-in access restrictions. Functional fault models and functional tests for ring-address SRAM-type FIFOs have not been documented before; this paper aims at filling in this gap. It introduces functional fault models and presents a set of tests for ring-address SRAM-type FIFOs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A proteolytic artifact associated with the lysis of bacteria by egg white lysozyme. (1983)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli that had been grown in a medium containing 32Pi disclosed the presence of several 32P-labeled proteins. Comparison of the electrophoretic patterns obtained in the presence of carrier unlabeled purified E. coli glutamine synthetase before and after treatment with trypsin, subtilisin, or snake venom phosphodiesterase showed that most of the 32P was present in the adenylyl moieties of adenylylated glutamine synthetase. Low molecular weight 32P-labeled degradation products of glutamine synthetase were also observed in extracts prepared by treatment of cells with lysozyme but not in extracts prepared by sonic oscillation. The degradation of glutamine synthetase in lysozyme-prepared extracts is likely due to an intrinsic proteolytic activity of egg white lysozyme. Proteolysis probably occurs at the esterase site of lysozyme described by Piszkiewicz and Bruice [Piszkiewicz, D. & Bruice, T.C. (1968) Biochemistry 7, 3037-3047]. Selective carboxymethylation of lysozyme histidine-15 leads to simultaneous loss of esterase and protease activities but only to partial loss of lytic activity. In view of these findings, caution is needed in the interpretation of results obtained with extracts of cells prepared by lysozyme treatment, especially when such extracts are used to investigate the properties of proteolytic enzymes.
Follicular phase length has no influence on frozen-thawed embryo transfers in natural cycles (2020)

The current FET should not be cancelled if the ovulation time exceeds the predicted period based on the length of the previous menstrual cycle in the light of no negative effect on the pregnancy outcome.
Homogeneous Catalytic Hydroformylation of 1-Octene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using a Novel Rhodium Catalyst with Fluorinated Arylphosphine Ligands (1998)

A novel rhodium-based catalyst was developed for homogeneous hydroformylation in supercritical carbon dioxide. The catalyst, trans-RhCl(CO)(P(p-CF3C6H4)3)2, has in the supercritical fluid reaction mixture moderate solubility (>5.5 mM), 2 orders of magnitude greater than most conventional metal−triphenylphosphine catalysts. Homogeneous catalytic hydroformylation of 1-octene using the novel catalyst was carried out at 343 K and 272 atm. Conversion of 1-octene was complete, with a normal/branched aldehyde ratio of ca. 2.4 and negligible hydrogenation or isomerization products. The catalyst was also recoverable in its original form, as confirmed by 31P NMR and FTIR spectroscopy.
RT_Image: An Open-Source Tool for Investigating PET in Radiation Oncology (2007)

Positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as a valuable imaging modality for the diagnosis and staging of cancer. However, despite evidence that PET may be useful for defining target volumes for radiation therapy, no standardized methodology for accomplishing this task exists. To facilitate the investigation of the utility of PET imaging in radiotherapy treatment planning and accelerate its integration into clinical radiation oncology, we have developed software for exploratory analysis and segmentation of functional imaging datasets. The application, RT_Image, allows display of multiple imaging datasets and associated three-dimensional regions-of-interest (ROIs) at arbitrary view angles and fields of view. It also includes semi-automated image segmentation tools for defining metabolically active tumor volumes that may aid creation of target volumes for treatment planning. RT_Image is DICOM compliant, permitting the transfer of imaging data and DICOM-RT structure sets between the application and treatment planning software. RT_Image has been used by radiation oncologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and radiation physicists to analyze over 200 PET datasets. Novel segmentation techniques have been implemented within this programming framework for therapy planning and for evaluation of molecular imaging-derived parameters as prognostic indicators. RT_Image represents a freely-available software base on which further investigations of the utlity of PET and molecular imaging in radiation oncology may be built. The development of tools such as this is critical in order to realize the potential of molecular imaging-guided radiation therapy.
The Urethral Plug: A New Treatment Modality for Genuine Urinary Stress Incontinence in Women (1990)

A new modality, the urethral plug, was used to treat 22 women with genuine urinary stress incontinence. The plug is made of thermoplastic elastomer (Kraton G), and consists of a meatal plate, a soft stalk and 1 or 2 spheres along the stalk. The spheres were located according to the result of the urethral pressure profile. The midpoint of the proximal sphere was placed at the bladder neck and the distal sphere was placed just above the maximum urethral pressure point. At voiding the plug was removed and afterwards a new plug was inserted. The plug with 2 spheres was tested in week 1 (period 1) and the plug with only the distal sphere was tested in week 2 (period 2). A total of 22 patients completed period 1. Eight patients did not complete period 2, mostly due to either unchanged incontinence during period 1 or a repeated loss of the plug with 1 sphere. In periods 1 and 2, 73 and 79% of the patients were subjectively and objectively continent or improved. A total of 14 patients completed both periods. Eight patients preferred the plug with 2 spheres, 1 preferred the other plug and 5 had no preference. The side effects were few. This preliminary study shows that the urethral plug seems to be a promising alternative treatment for female genuine urinary stress incontinence.
Quantum chaos border for quantum computing (2000)

We study a generic model of quantum computer, composed of many qubits coupled by short-range interaction. Above a critical interqubit coupling strength, quantum chaos sets in, leading to quantum ergodicity of the computer eigenstates. In this regime the noninteracting qubit structure disappears, the eigenstates become complex, and the operability of the computer is destroyed. Despite the fact that the spacing between multiqubit states drops exponentially with the number of qubits n, we show that the quantum chaos border decreases only linearly with n. This opens a broad parameter region where the efficient operation of a quantum computer remains possible.
Neural respiratory drive in healthy subjects and in COPD (2008)

The aim of the present study was to use the diaphragm electromyogram (EMG(di)) to compare levels of neural respiratory drive (NRD) in a cohort of healthy subjects and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, and to investigate the relationship between NRD and pulmonary function in COPD. EMG(di) was recorded at rest and normalised to peak EMG(di) recorded during maximum inspiratory manoeuvres (EMG(di) % max) in 100 healthy subjects and 30 patients with COPD, using a multipair oesophageal electrode. EMG(di) was normalised to the amplitude of the diaphragm compound muscle action potential (CMAP(di,MS)) in 64 healthy subjects. The mean+/-sd EMG(di) % max was 9.0+/-3.4% in healthy subjects and 27.9+/-9.9% in COPD patients, and correlated with percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in one second, vital capacity and inspiratory capacity in patients. EMG(di) % max was higher in healthy subjects aged 51-80 yrs than in those aged 18-50 yrs (11.4+/-3.4 versus 8.2+/-2.9%, respectively). Observations in the healthy group were similar when peak EMG(di) or CMAP(di,MS) were used to normalise EMG(di). Levels of neural respiratory drive were higher in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients than healthy subjects, and related to disease severity. Diaphragm compound muscle action potential could be used to normalise diaphragm electromyogram if volitional inspiratory manoeuvres could not be performed, allowing translation of the technique to critically ill and ventilated patients.
Cover Story: The Smart Set's Clever Packaging, 1908–1923 (2013)

An analysis of The Smart Set’s cover designs, with a focus on the years 1908 to 1923, reveals the extent to which the cover was responsible for conveying the magazine’s attitude of cleverness. Three iconographic trends prevailed during this period. The changes in the cover program are related to The Smart Set’s publishing history and conditions, its ties to other magazines in its publishing “family,” and its relationship to advertising imagery. The cover trends point to an ongoing experiment in packaging intended to align the magazine in readers’ eyes with an evolving attitude of cleverness.
HEMODYNAMICS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS (2001)

The flow of blood through the cardiovascular system depends on basic principles of liquid flow in tubes elucidated by Bernoulli and Poiseuille. The elementary equations are described involving pressures related to velocity, acceleration/deceleration, gravity, and viscous resistance to flow (Bernoulli-Poiseuille equation). The roles of vascular diameter and number of branches are emphasized. In the closed vascular system, the importance of gravity is deemphasized, and the occurrence of turbulence in large vessels is pointed out.
Novel Dual Mode Saw-Baw Device (2006)

In this paper preliminary work on a novel dual mode SAW-BAW, (surface acoustic wave- bulk acoustic wave), device is presented. BAW resonators exhibit very high Q and are ideal in oscillator circuits at lower frequencies, while SAW resonators are generally designed for higher frequency operation. Dual mode BAW resonators are used for highly accurate temperature compensation in OCXO's and TCXO's. In this new device, the TSM (thickness shear mode) is excited using a lateral field BAW resonator and a one-port resonator is used to excite the SAW mode. The device embodiment consists of a SAW resonator physically coincident with a BAW electrode pattern. The BAW electrodes are part of the SAW transducer excitation bus bars and the SAW resonator is located at the center of the BAW transducer. The BAW electrodes are separated by a narrow gap formed by the SAW transducer which allows lateral field excitation. The BAW mode occurs at a frequency of 3.27 MHz, while the SAW mode operates at a frequency of 157 MHz. The BAW and SAW devices are spatially coincidental and could potentially be driven simultaneously to operate in a dual mode oscillator. The devices were fabricated on ST-quartz wafers that were polished on both sides. Swept frequency measurements were obtained using a network analyzer and a wafer RF probe, and resonator device parameters including the quality factor have been extracted. The initial devices show good responses and a discussion of the design and analysis will be given. The BAW resonator shows a Q of approximately, 100K, while the SAW has a relatively lower Q of approximately 14K, which was close to the coupling of modes (COM) model prediction. The paper will show both theoretical predictions and experimental results for the SAW and BAW devices. This new device embodiment has potential applications in dual-mode TCXO's and sensors where different modes can be used for temperature compensation, surface sensing or similar applications. © 2006 IEEE.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (1966)

ALL SHOULDER girdle compression syndromes have one problem in common 1 ; compression of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery and vein, usually between the clavicle and first rib (Fig 1). Grouping the separate syndromes under the single heading of thoracic outlet syndrome 2 has allowed more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic measures to be established. Therefore, this syndrome should be considered in all neurologic and vascular complaints of the upper extermities: 1. Scalenus anticus 2. Hyperabduction 3. Costoclavicular 4. Cervical rib 5. Fractured clavicle 6. Cervicobrachial compression 7. Pneumatic hammer 8. Effort vein thrombosis 9. Subcoracoid pectoralis minor 10. First thoracic rib Symptoms Symptoms may be grouped into neurologic and vascular complaints. The most common neurologic symptom is aching pain in the side of back of the neck and extending across the shoulder and down the arm. The pain may radiate in all directions from the point of compression. Numbness
A New Focused Ion Beam Microsampling Technique for TEM Observation of Site-Specific Areas (1999)

Abstract A new focused-ion-beam (FIB) micro(μ)-sampling technique has recently been developed to facilitate transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimen preparation, while allowing chips or wafer samples to remain intact. A deep trench is FIB-milled to dig out a small, wedge-shaped portion of the sample (or a microwedge) from the samples area of interest, leaving a small, brige-shaped portion (or a microbridge) to support the microwedge. A metal needle is then manipulated into position for lifting the microwedge, i.e., the μ-sample. FIB-assisted deposition (AD) is used to bond the needle to the μ-sample. FIB-milling of the microbridge then separates the μ-sample from the chip or wafer. The separated μ-sample is mounted onto a TEM grid and secured using FIB-AD. The μ-sample is then FIB-thinned further, to a strip of about 0.1 μm thick. All of the above steps are accomplished under vacuum in the FIB system. This design permits a reliable and user-friendly environment for TEM specimen preparation, while keeping chips or wafer samples intact. It also permits operators to repeat TEM inspection and FIB-milling so that precise areas of interest may be made available for TEM inspection. Both cross-sectional and plan view TEM μ-sampling are feasible.
The virtual annotation system (1996)

Annotation is a key operation for developing understanding of complex data or extended spaces. We have developed a flexible set of annotation tools that can be placed in a variety of applications. These tools offer a full set of capabilities for inserting, iconizing, playing back and organizing annotations in a virtual space. They also have an intuitive and easy-to-use interface for employing these capabilities while immersed in the virtual environment. We illustrate the annotation system with two diverse examples: a general data visualization/analysis application and an architectural walkthrough.