gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wafer-Level Vacuum Sealing by Transfer Bonding of Silicon Caps for Small Footprint and Ultra-Thin MEMS Packages (2019)

Vacuum and hermetic packaging is a critical requirement for optimal performance of many micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), vacuum electronics, and quantum devices. However, existing packaging solutions are either elaborate to implement or rely on bulky caps and footprint-consuming seals. Here, we address this problem by demonstrating a waferlevel vacuum packaging method featuring transfer bonding of 25-μm-thin silicon (Si) caps that are transferred from a 100-mm-diameter silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer to a cavity wafer to seal the cavities by gold-aluminum (Au-Al) thermocompression bonding at a low temperature of 250 °C. The resulting wafer-scale sealing yields after wafer dicing are 98% and 100% with sealing rings as narrow as 6 and 9 μm, respectively. Despite the small sealing footprint, the Si caps with 9-μm-wide sealing rings demonstrate a high mean shear strength of 127 MPa. The vacuum levels in the getter-free sealed cavities are measured by residual gas analysis to be as low as 1.3 mbar, based on which a leak rate smaller than 2.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-14</sup> mbarL/s is derived. We also show that the thickness of the Si caps can be reduced to 6 μm by post-transfer etching while still maintaining excellent hermeticity. The demonstrated ultra-thin packages can potentially be placed in between the solder bumps in flip-chip interfaces, thereby avoiding the need of through-capvias in conventional MEMS packages.
Proton-Conducting Oxides (2003)

▪ Abstract The structural and chemical parameters determining the formation and mobility of protonic defects in oxides are discussed, and the paramount role of high-molar volume, coordination numbers, and symmetry are emphasized. Symmetry also relates to the structural and chemical matching of the acceptor dopant. Y-doped BaZrO 3 -based oxides are demonstrated to combine high stability with high proton conductivity that exceeds the conductivity of the best oxide ion conductors at temperatures below about 700°C. The unfavorably high grain boundary impedances and brittleness of ceramics have been reduced by forming solid solutions with small amounts of BaCeO 3 , and an initial fuel cell test has demonstrated that proton-conducting electrolytes based on Y-doped BaZrO 3 provide alternatives for separator materials in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). These materials have the potential to operate at lower temperatures compared with those of conventional SOFCs, and the appearance of chemical water diffusion across the electrolyte at typical operation temperatures (T = 500–800°C) allows the use of dry methane as a fuel.
Structure-Based Discovery of a Selective KDM5A Inhibitor that Exhibits Anti-Cancer Activity via Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence in Breast Cancer Cell Lines (2019)

Breast cancer is the one of the most frequent causes of female cancer mortality. KDM5A, a histone demethylase, can increase the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancers, including breast cancer, and is thus an important therapeutic target. In the present work, we performed hierarchical virtual screening towards the KDM5A catalytic pocket from a chemical library containing 90,000 compounds. Using multiple biochemical methods, the cyclopenta[c]chromen derivative <b>1</b> was identified as the top candidate for KDM5A demethylase inhibitory activity. Compared with the well-known KDM5 inhibitor CPI-455 (<b>18</b>), <b>1</b> exhibited higher potency against KDM5A and much higher selectivity for KDM5A over both KDM4A and other KDM5 family members (KDM5B and KDM5C). Additionally, compound <b>1</b> repressed the proliferation of various KDM5A-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, <b>1</b> promoted accumulation of p16 and p27 by blocking KDM5A-mediated H3K4me3 demethylation, leading to cell cycle arrest and senescence. To date, compound <b>1</b> is the first cyclopenta[c]chromen-based KDM5A inhibitor reported, and may serve as a novel motif for developing more selective and efficacious pharmacological molecules targeting KDM5A. In addition, our research provides a possible anti-cancer mechanism of KDM5A inhibitors and highlights the feasibility and significance of KDM5A as a therapeutic target for KDM5A-overexpressing breast cancer.
Intelligent agents for World Wide Web advertising decisions (1997)

We describe a new paradigm for the inclusion of advertisements on the WWW. This paradigm takes advantage of the internet's great ability for instantaneous online processing of information in real time. A methodology is described for the use of intelligent agents to help in the determination of the appropriateness of displaying a given advertisement to a visitor to a site using very specific information about potential customers. Use is made of fuzzy systems modeling for the construction of these agents. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CCR8 Expression Identifies CD4 Memory T Cells Enriched for FOXP3+ Regulatory and Th2 Effector Lymphocytes (2006)

CD4+ Th2 cells are important regulators of allergic inflammation. CCR8 is thought to play a role in Th2-mediated responses, however, expression of CCR8 in peripheral blood has not been fully characterized. Using a fluorescent form of the ligand selective for CCR8 (F-CCL1), we identified the leukocytes expressing CCR8 in human, monkey, and mouse peripheral blood. CCR8 expression is primarily restricted to a subset of human CD4 memory T lymphocytes (15%). Approximately 40% of CCR8+CD4+ T cells express Th2 cytokines IL-4 or IL-13 while 13% express the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma. In fact, 50% of all Th2, but only 5% of Th1, cells express CCR8. Upon anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAb-mediated activation, CCR8+CD4+ T cells secrete 3- to 7-fold higher levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 and 10- to 20-fold lower levels of IFN-gamma or IL-17, compared with CCR8-CD4+ memory T cells. Two-thirds of CCR8+CD4 T cells express cutaneous lymphocyte-associated Ag while the majority lack gut-homing receptors. CCR8+CD4+ cells express CCR7 and CD62L and are present in spleen and lymph nodes of mice. Approximately 25% of CCR8+CD4 T cells express CD25high while 20% of CCR8+CD4+ express the T regulatory cell transcription factor FOXP3 accounting for 60% of all FOXP3-expressing CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, CCR8 marks a diverse subset of CD4 memory T cells enriched for T regulatory and Th2 cells which have the potential for recruitment into sites of allergic inflammation where they could participate in the induction and regulation of the allergic response.
A Robust Orientation Estimation Algorithm Using MARG Sensors (2014)

This paper presents a robust orientation estimation algorithm by using magnetic, angular rate, and gravity sensors. The robustness is achieved by two online methods: compensation of hard iron effect for the magnetometer and separation of the accelerometer signals into gravity projections and linear accelerations. Further, direct cosine matrix is used for the rotation matrix relative to the north, east, down frame. The fusion equations are solved using state-constrained Kalman filter. The simulation and experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in estimating the orientation under acceleration and hard iron influence.
Neurological Complications After Regional Anesthesia: Contemporary Estimates of Risk (2007)

Our review suggests that the rate of neurological complications after central nerve blockade is <4:10,000, or 0.04%. The rate of neuropathy after PNB is <3:100, or 3%. However, permanent neurological injury after RA is rare in contemporary anesthetic practice.
<title>Ethnicity identification from face images</title> (2004)

Human facial images provide the demographic information, such as ethnicity and gender. Conversely, ethnicity and gender also play an important role in face-related applications. Image-based ethnicity identification problem is addressed in a machine learning framework. The Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) based scheme is presented for the two-class (Asian vs. non-Asian) ethnicity classification task. Multiscale analysis is applied to the input facial images. An ensemble framework, which integrates the LDA analysis for the input face images at different scales, is proposed to further improve the classification performance. The product rule is used as the combination strategy in the ensemble. Experimental results based on a face database containing 263 subjects (2,630 face images, with equal balance between the two classes) are promising, indicating that LDA and the proposed ensemble framework have sufficient discriminative power for the ethnicity classification problem. The normalized ethnicity classification scores can be helpful in the facial identity recognition. Useful as a "soft" biometric, face matching scores can be updated based on the output of ethnicity classification module. In other words, ethnicity classifier does not have to be perfect to be useful in practice.
Complex modular <i>cis</i>-acting elements regulate expression of the cardiac specifying homeobox gene <i>Csx/Nkx2</i>.5 (1999)

The murine homeobox gene Csx/Nkx2.5 is an evolutionarily highly conserved gene related to the Drosophila tinman gene, which specifies cardiac and visceral mesoderm. Since Csx/Nkx2.5 plays an essential role in heart development, studying its regulation is essential for the better understanding of molecular mechanisms of cardiogenesis and the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease in humans. In this study, we characterized the murine Csx/Nkx2.5 gene and identified two novel untranslated exons, 1a, and 1b, resulting in three different Csx/Nkx2.5 transcripts. To examine the tissue-specific transcriptional regulation in vivo, we analyzed a total of 23 kb of Csx/Nkx2.5 upstream and downstream sequences by generating transgenic embryos carrying lacZ reporter constructs containing various lengths of flanking sequence. With 14 kb of 5' flanking sequence, lacZ expression was observed in the cardiac crescent at E7.5, and in the outflow tract, the interatrial groove, the atrioventricular canal and right and left ventricles, as well as in pharyngeal floor, thyroid primordia, and stomach at E10.5. In adult animals, lacZ expression of the transgene was limited to the atrioventricular junction and the subendocardium of the ventricular septum. Reducing the size of flanking sequence to 3.3 kb of intron 2 restricted lacZ expression to the outflow tract and the basal part of the right ventricle in E10.5 embryos. In contrast, the addition of 6 kb of 3' flanking sequence caused strong expression of the reporter gene in the entire right ventricle. Interestingly, Csx/Nkx2. 5 seems to be negatively regulated by its own gene product, because when lacZ was "knocked-in" to replace the entire coding exons, lacZ expression was much higher in the heart of homozygous embryos than that in the heterozygote. These results indicate that the transcriptional regulatory elements of Csx/Nkx 2.5 seems unexpectedly highly modular, and is temporally regulated in a dynamic manner by different enhancer regions. Since Csx/Nkx2.5-like genes are expressed in all species having a heart, their complex modular organization with multiple enhancers probably reflects progressive addition of regulatory elements during the evolution from a simple heart tube to a complex four-chambered organ.
Rapid and Effective Adsorption of Lead Ions on Fine Poly(phenylenediamine) Microparticles (2006)

Fine microparticles of poly(p-phenylenediamine) (PpPD) and poly(m-phenylenediamine) (PmPD) were directly synthesized by a facile oxidative precipitation polymerization and their strong ability to adsorb lead ions from aqueous solution was examined. It was found that the degree of adsorption of the lead ions depends on the pH, concentration, and temperature of the lead ion solution, as well as the contact time and microparticle dose. The adsorption data fit the Langmuir isotherm and the process obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetics. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacities of lead ions onto PpPD and PmPD microparticles at 30 degrees C are 253.2 and 242.7 mg g(-1), respectively. The highest adsorptivity of lead ions is up to 99.8 %. The adsorption is very rapid with a loading half-time of only 2 min as well as initial adsorption rates of 95.24 and 83.06 mg g(-1) min(-1) on PpPD and PmPD particles, respectively. A series of batch experiment results showed that the PpPD microparticles possess an even stronger capability to adsorb lead ions than the PmPD microparticles, but the PmPD microparticles, with a more-quinoid-like structure, show a stronger dependence of lead-ion adsorption on the pH and temperature of the lead-ion solution. A possible adsorption mechanism through complexation between Pb(2+) ions and ==N-- groups on the macromolecular chains has been proposed. The powerful lead-ion adsorption on the microparticles makes them promising adsorbents for wastewater cleanup.
Nonlinear optical properties of lanthanum doped lead titanate thin film using <i>Z</i>-scan technique (1996)

Lanthanum doped lead titanate (PLT) thin films with good surface morphology and perovskite structure were fabricated by the metalo-organic decomposition process. Their nonlinear optical property was investigated by Z-scan technique. PLT30 thin films on the quartz substrate display strong nonlinear optical effects. A nonlinear refractive index as high as 3.0×10−7 esu was obtained for the thin film. All the results show that PLT ferroelectric thin films are promising materials for nonlinear optics.
Isotype controls in the analysis of lymphocytes and CD34+ stem and progenitor cells by flow cytometry—time to let go! (1998)

The isotype control has long been considered a useful part of both microscopic and flow cytometric immunologic assays, and, consequently, is still routinely used in clinical laboratories.In flow cytometry, the isotype control has traditionally been used to distinguish between fluorescent positive and fluorescent negative cell populations.Additionally, it has been used to estimate the number of cells reacting non-specifically with the target antibody under investigation.Over the past 10 years, the widespread use of directly conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and multiparameter analysis in clinical flow cytometry has reduced the need for a separate ''negative control'' tube.This tendency has materialized in guidelines recommending that the isotype control is irrelevant and potentially misleading in commonly used flow cytometric assays (3,14).This perspective summarizes the rationale for omitting isotype control staining for surface membrane marker analysis, focusing on lymphocyte and CD34ϩ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell analyses.Consequently, these points also pertain to the immunophenotyping of leukemia/lymphoma samples (14).Prior to the development of directly conjugated mAb, pre-immune sera were used in microscopic and flow cytometric studies to estimate the level of ''non-specific staining'' of the specific antibody to its target cell, i.e., the binding of that specific antibody by mechanisms other than specific antibody-to-antigen interactions.Such nonspecific binding is usually, but not exclusively, mediated by receptors that bind the Fc portion of the various immunoglobulin subclasses (19).In flow cytometry, an estimate of the number of cells reacting non-specifically is typically determined by placing a cursor at the foot of the isotype control negative population on a fluorescence (FL) histogram such that less than 2% of events are assessed as positive.This cursor position is maintained to determine the ''percent positive cells'' in the experimental stainings.Currently, many isotype controls are produced by fusion of antibody producing cells with a myeloma-derived cell line to form a hybridoma.By the very nature of mAb production, antibodies produced by hybridomas will differ structurally from each other, even within the same immunoglobulin subclass or isotype.Thus mAb that ''specifi-
CRE and TRE sequences of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase promoter are required for TH basal expression in adult mice but not in the embryo (1998)

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters, is expressed in a restricted number of areas, and subject to numerous regulations during development and in adulthood. Two transcription factor binding sites present in the proximal region of the TH gene, the TPA-responsive element (TRE) and the c-AMP responsive element (CRE), have been shown to play important roles in TH gene regulation in vitro. In order to elucidate in vivo the role of these two sites, we produced transgenic mice bearing a 5.3-kb fragment from the 5' flanking sequence of the TH gene with mutations in either the CRE-or TRE-sites. Using the intact 5.3-kb fragment fused to two different reporter genes (HSV1-tk and lacZ), we show that this promoter fragment is able to specifically direct expression in catecholaminergic tissues both in adult mice and embryos. Interestingly, the CRE- and TRE-mutated transgenes were not expressed in adult mice, contrary to the situation in embryos where they were specifically expressed in catecholaminergic regions. These results demonstrate that the CRE and TRE play an essential role in basal TH expression in adult tissues in vivo. Moreover, they suggest that distinct transcription factors are involved in TH regulation in developing and adult tissues. In support of this, gel mobility shift experiments revealed a complex present only in embryonic tissues. Taken together, these data highlight the diversity of the mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of the catecholaminergic phenotype.
An unique factor analysis of dynamic SPECT imaging using maximum entropy principle (2002)

In this work the authors used Factor Analysis of Dynamic Structure (FADS) for the extraction of TACs from a sequence of dynamic images. The dynamic images represented the uptake of a teboroxime-Tc-99m in the heart. The maximum entropy principle was used in order to make the results of the FADS method unique. The authors found that by using the entropy they determined the time activity curves more accurately than when using FADS with only non-negativity constraints. The method was tested and conclusions were drawn based on the results from computer simulations and from the experimental canine teboroxime-Tc-99m study.
Algorithms and software for diffractive optics (1997)

The present paper describes the requirements for software for diffractive optics and briefly explains some basic facts and algorithms. Examples from an academically developed software package are given.
Acoustic evidence of mechanical damage surrounding stressed boreholes (1997)

Abstract Laboratory experiments demonstrate that acoustic waveforms recorded in a borehole provide evidence of stress-induced mechanical damage in surrounding rock. In the experiments, external uniaxial stress was applied perpendicular to the borehole. Stress concentrations near the borehole wall caused velocities of refracted compressional-wave to vary with azimuth. Low velocities occurred in zones of tensile stress, and high velocities occurred in zones of compressive stress. Velocity variations are on the order of 10%. At high values of externally applied uniaxial stress, rock exceede its yield strength and permanent damage developed. This damage decreased the measured velocities by approximately 10%, especially in the zones of compressive stress concentration. The heterogenous nature of the velocities surrounding the borehole resulted in low-velocity channels parallel to the borehole wall, caused either by tensile stress concentrations or by mechanical damage. These low-velocity channels may be responsible for high-amplitude "bright-spots" that appear on variable density plots of azimuthal waveform scans. The amplitude increases can be on the order of 500% and are associated with low-velocity zones, not with decreased attenuation. The hypothezised mechanism is acoustic focusing, whereby velocity gradients refract acoustic waves back towards the borehole.
Asymmetric passive dynamic walker (2011)

The objective of this research is to better understand the dynamics of gait asymmetry in humans with central nervous system damage, such as stroke, by using a model of a passive dynamic walker (PDW). By changing the mass, mass location, knee location, and leg length of one leg while leaving the parameters of the other leg unchanged, we show that stable asymmetric walking patterns exist for PDW models. The asymmetric PDW model shows several stable walking patterns that have a single, double, and quadruple repeat pattern where the step lengths between the two legs differ by over 15%. This model will allow an analysis of the passive dynamics of walking separate from the cognitive control in asymmetric human walking to test different gait rehabilitation hypotheses.
CD4 <sup>+</sup> CD25 <sup>+</sup> Regulatory Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Express Very High Levels of CD25 <i>Ex Vivo</i> (2003)

Selective isolation of only those CD4+ T cells that display the highest levels of CD25 by FACS results in a highly homogeneous regulatory population as defined by functional activity and the expression of multiple surface antigens. Thus greater than 98% of CD4+CD25high cells express CD45RO in the absence of CD45RA expression. Upon TCR stimulation CD4+CD25high cells are both anergic and tolerogenic as they inhibit proliferation and cytokine secretion by activated CD4+CD25- responder T cells in a contact-dependent manner. In contrast, CD4+ cells that express lower levels of CD25 are more heterogeneous in their levels of expression of CD45RO, HLA-DR and CD122, and do not exhibit anergic or suppressive characteristics. Providing either CD28 co-stimulation or IL2 to a maximal anti-CD3 stimulus results in a modest induction of proliferation and the loss of observable suppression by CD4+CD25high regulatory cells. Unlike CTLA4 blockade, blocking the interaction of PD-1 with its ligand PD-L1 affects the level of suppression. However, since this reduction in suppression by alphaPD-L1 can be overcome by increasing the number of CD4+CD25high T cells in the co-culture assay, the mechanism of CD4-CD25high regulation can proceed in the absence of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions, although it is not as efficient.