gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TV miniseries highlights women scientists (1995)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTTV miniseries highlights women scientistsMAIRIN BRENNANCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1995, 73, 12, 9Publication Date (Print):March 20, 1995Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 20 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v073n012.p009https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n012.p009newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1995 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views10Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Central nervous system,Genetics,Inflammation,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Drug Screening for Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors (2005)

Neuraminidase (NA) is one of the most important targets to screen the drugs of anti-influenza virus A and B. After virtual screening approaches were applied to a compound database which possesses more than 10000 compound structures, 160 compounds were selected for bioactivity assay, then a High Throughput Screening (HTS) model established for influenza virus NA inhibitors was applied to detect these compounds. Finally, three compounds among them displayed higher inhibitory activities, the range of their IC50 was from 0.1 micromol/L to 3 micromol/L. Their structural scaffolds are novel and different from those of NA inhibitors approved for influenza treatment, and will be useful for the design and research of new NA inhibitors. The result indicated that the combination of virtual screening with HTS was very significant to drug screening and drug discovery.
Are Solid Solutions Better in FeNbSb‐Based Thermoelectrics? (2016)

Forming solid solutions, due to its universal applicability, has been the most effective strategy for improving the performance of a wide variety of thermoelectric materials. Taking p‐type FeNb 1− x V x Sb solid solutions as an example, here it is shown that the formation of solid solutions cannot always improve the thermoelectric performance. The peak zT and thermoelectric quality factor of p‐type FeNb 1− x V x Sb decrease with increasing V content, remarkably different from other thermoelectric systems. The present results demonstrate that comprehensive understanding of the multiple effects of forming solid solutions is important for developing high‐performance thermoelectrics.
Role of phosphate in the regulation of the Pasteur effect in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1983)

The occurrence of the Pasteur effect in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in several conditions has been examined. In these conditions measurements of a series of metabolites potentially involved in the regulation of the effect were performed. These included, among others, adenine nucleotides, citrate, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and phosphate. Only phosphate changed in a consistent way, increasing in anaerobiosis when the Pasteur effect occurred. It is concluded that, with the available data, only phosphate may be considered as a regulator of the Pasteur effect in this microorganism.
Chipless RFID using stacked multilayer patches (2009)

Stacked multilayer patch antennas as a candidate for sub-cent chipless RFID tags is proposed. The magnitude of scatter from such a structure ideally has negligible variation over frequency, but has predictable phase (delay) variation at pre-determined resonant frequencies. Such scattering structures can be modeled as all-pass networks and are expected to be more robust than non all-pass structures in presence of multi-path and clutter. Due to the simplicity of geometry, such tags have a potential for customer site fabrication using machines simpler than inkjet printers. All-pass scatterers can also be used to construct sensors.
Observation of a collective excitation in the ejected-electron spectra of Yb and Ba (1980)

Ejected-electron spectra of Yb and Ba are presented. In both spectra, structure was seen which is attributable to autoionization to ground and excited states of ${M}^{+}$ ($M=\mathrm{Ba}\mathrm{or}\mathrm{Yb}$), and to Auger decay of highly excited ${M}^{*+}$ states to the ground state of ${M}^{2+}$. In Yb, Auger decay was also observed to populate excited states of ${M}^{2+}$. Both spectra are strongly affected by a collective resonance in the excitation of a $5p$ electron. For energies above the $5p$ ionization threshold, two-step autoionization to ${M}^{2+}$ was found to be dominant.
Choice of V for V-Fold Cross-Validation in Least-Squares Density Estimation (2012)

This paper studies V-fold cross-validation for model selection in least-squares density estimation. The goal is to provide theoretical grounds for choosing V in order to minimize the least-squares loss of the selected estimator. We first prove a non-asymptotic oracle inequality for V-fold cross-validation and its bias-corrected version (V-fold penalization). In particular, this result implies that V-fold penalization is asymptotically optimal in the nonparametric case. Then, we compute the variance of V-fold cross-validation and related criteria, as well as the variance of key quantities for model selection performance. We show that these variances depend on V like 1+4/(V-1), at least in some particular cases, suggesting that the performance increases much from V=2 to V=5 or 10, and then is almost constant. Overall, this can explain the common advice to take V=5---at least in our setting and when the computational power is limited---, as supported by some simulation experiments. An oracle inequality and exact formulas for the variance are also proved for Monte-Carlo cross-validation, also known as repeated cross-validation, where the parameter V is replaced by the number B of random splits of the data.
The Origin of Bone Formed in Composite Grafts of Porous Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Loaded With Marrow Cells (1991)

When porous calcium phosphate ceramic is combined with marrow cells and grafted either heterotopically or orthotopically, bone forms inside the pores on the surface of the ceramic beginning at three weeks after implantation. The question remains as to whether the newly formed bone is derived from host or donor cells. To study the origin of bone cells formed in these composite grafts of marrow cells and ceramic, quail marrow cells from long bones were introduced into ceramics and the composites were implanted into subcutaneous pouches of immunologically nonreactive athymic nude mice. The ceramics were recovered at two to 84 days following surgery, fixed, decalcified, embedded, sectioned, and examined for the location of a quail-specific nucleolar marker and the binding of a specific antiserum against quail cells. Our observations indicate that ceramic-associated osteogenesis is a biphasic phenomenon: an early phase, the first three to four weeks after implantation, in which donor cells are largely responsible for the observed osteogenesis, and a second phase, eight to 12 weeks postsurgery, in which host cell actions predominate. During the second stage, the ceramic pores begin to show the formation of marrow of host origin, and the mesenchymal marrow component appears to be osteogenic because the bone formed during this late postgrafting stage contains osteocytes of host and donor origin. The second phase therefore results in chimeric bone composed of quail and mouse. These studies clearly document the donor origin of the initial bone formation and indicate that marrow contains progenitor cells capable of forming de novo bone.
Relationship between lupus nephritis activity and the serum level of soluble VCAM-1 (1998)

We measured the serum levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in 72 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (including patients with active nephritis) and 33 normal control subjects, to investigate the correlation between levels of adhesion molecules and disease and histological activity. Serum samples were obtained at the time of renal biopsy in 27 patients with lupus nephritis. The 27 patients were divided into groups according to the World Health Organization (WHO) class as follows: class I + II, n = 11; class III + IV, n = 13 and class V, n = 3. We also determined the activity index (AI) in these 27 renal biopsy specimens. We obtained serial measurements of the serum levels of soluble adhesion molecules in 11 patients to examine the difference between active and remission stages. The serum level of sVCAM-1, but not sE-selectin or sICAM-1, was correlated with parameters of SLE disease activity, including the SLE disease activity index score, the anti-double stranded DNA antibody titer, the C3 level, the C4 level and the CH50 level. The serum levels of sVCAM-1, sE-selectin and sICAM-1 were significantly higher in patients with SLE than in controls (P = 0.006, P = 0.0005 and P = 0.04, respectively). The serum level of sVCAM-1 was significantly higher in patients with active lupus nephritis (WHO classes III and IV) than in patients in inactive lupus nephritis (WHO classes I and II) (P = 0.0016). The sVCAM-1 level was significantly elevated in patients with an AI > or = 4 compared with patients with an AI < 4 (P = 0.0025). The sVCAM-1 level decreased significantly during remission (P = 0.0033). The serum level of sVCAM-1 was elevated in patients with active lupus nephritis (WHO classes III and IV) and in patients with high AI scores. The serum level of sVCAM-1 was correlated with the SLE disease activity and decreased during remission. Therefore, the sVCAM-1 level may be a useful marker of lupus nephritis activity.
Visualization of Data by Method of Elastic Maps and Its Applications in Genomics, Economics and Sociology (2001)

Technology of data visualization and data modeling is suggested. The basic of the technology is original idea of elastic net and methods of its construction and application. A short review of relevant methods has been made. The methods proposed are illustrated by applying them to the real economical, sociological and biological datasets and to some model data distributions.\n\nThe basic of the technology is original idea of elastic net - regular point approximation of some manifold that is put into the multidimensional space and has in a certain sense minimal energy. This manifold is an analogue of principal surface and serves as non-linear screen on what multidimensional data are projected.\n\nRemarkable feature of the technology is its ability to work with and to fill gaps in data tables. Gaps are unknown or unreliable values of some features. It gives a possibility to predict plausibly values of unknown features by values of other ones. So it provides technology of constructing different prognosis systems and non-linear regressions.\nThe technology can be used by specialists in different fields. There are several examples of applying the method presented in the end of this paper.\n
A Mixed-Ligand Approach Enables the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of an α-Isopropylcinnamic Acid en Route to the Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren (2007)

An asymmetric hydrogenation process for the α-isopropyl dihydrocinnamic acid derivative 2, an intermediate for the renin inhibitor aliskiren (4), has been developed using a rhodium catalyst ligated with a chiral monodentate phosphoramidite and a nonchiral phosphine. Whereas catalysts based on two equivalents of monodentate phosphoramidites gave promising results, the rate of hydrogenation and ee of the product could be improved spectacularly by the addition of monodentate nonchiral triarylphosphines to these catalysts. This remarkable mixed-ligand catalyst has been identified using high-throughput experimentation. With the best catalysts turnover numbers >5000 mol mol-1, turnover frequencies >1000 mol mol-1 h-1, and ee's up to 95% have been achieved.
High – Power Pulsed Micro – Wave Catalytic Processes: Decomposition of Methane (1990)

A high-power millisecond pulse microwave reactor was designed and tested with the model microwave catalytic decomposition of methane. Methane was converted to C2 and C3 hydrocarbons with good selectivity and efficiency. The effects of the power and pulse envelopes of the incident Microwave radiation on the chemical conversion were examined.
Pressure Drop of Impingement Air Cooled Plate Fin Heat Sinks (2006)

The performance of impingement air cooled plate fin heat sinks differs significantly from that of parallel flow plate fin heat sinks. A simple impingement flow pressure drop model based on developing laminar flow in rectangular channels is proposed. The model is developed from simple momentum balance and utilizes fundamental solutions from fluid dynamics to predict its constitutive components. To test the validity of the model, experimental measurements of pressure drop are performed with heat sinks of various impingement inlet widths, fin spacings, fin heights, and airflow velocities. The accuracy of the pressure drop model was found to be within 20% of the experimental data taken on four heat sinks and other experimental data from the published literature at channel Reynolds numbers less than 1200. The simple model is suitable for impingement air cooled plate fin heat sinks parametric design studies.
Preparation of SBS‐g‐VP copolymer membrane by UV radiation without degassing (1997)

The solvent-cast film of styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) was prepared, and the grafting of 4-vinyl pyridine (VP) to the SBS membrane was induced by ultraviolet radiation without degassing to obtain the SBS-g-VP copolymer membrane. The chemical composition of the graft copolymer membrane was studied by infrared spectroscopy. In addition to those absorption peaks associated with pure SBS, the SBS-g-VP graft copolymer also showed a peak of absorption at 820 cm−1, which appeared in the spectra of homopolyvinylpyridine. The degree of grafting and the mechanical properties of SBS and SBS-g-VP were measured. Contact angle, water content, and protein absorption of fibrinogen and albumin experiments were also performed to evaluate the blood biocompatibility of the SBS-g-VP membrane. It was found that the degree of grafting exhibited an approximate linear increase with VP concentration at 0°C. The degree of grafting increased sharply with VP concentration above 30% v/v at 10°C. The degree of grafting increased with VP concentration and then leveled off when the temperature was at 30°C. The rate of grafting followed Arrhenius law. The activation energy obtained was 3.25 kcal/mol. PolyVP has a glass transition temperature (Tg) at about 240°C, and hence, it performes as a hard rigid plastic at room temperature. Therefore, the SBS-g-VP graft copolymer showed the plastic performance with increasing degree of grafting. The surface tension of SBS-g-VP was determined by using Kaelble's equation and the contact angle data. It was found that the surface tension and water content of SBS-g-VP membrane increased, whereas the contact angle decreased with grafting degree. Albumin and fibrinogen adsorption increased with time and reached a steady-state level after 20 and 40 min, respectively. The maximum desorption appeared in 30 min for albumin, but it took more time to reach maximum desorption for fibrinogen. The amount of protein adsorption decreased with the increasing of grafting degree, and the amount of protein adsorption eventually leveled off. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 109–116, 1997
Differences in the pharmacokinetics of the diastereoisomers of citrovorum factor in dogs. (1981)

The pharmacokinetics of d- and l-citrovorum factor (CF) are quite different with respect to the postdistributional plasma decay rates. The natural (l) isomer had a half-life (beta) of 47 +/- 4 (S.E.) min compared to 143 +/- 15 min for the unnatural (d) isomer. Renal clearance was the same for both isomers and was proportional to glomerular filtration rate. Urinary excretion appeared to be the only route of elimination of the d isomer, while l-CF was extensively metabolized. Consequently, the unnatural isomer accumulated in great excess over the natural isomer and its active metabolite, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. The apparent volume of distribution was about 58% of body weight for both isomers, which indicates that they have equal access to tissue compartments. The data suggest that d-CF can compete with l-CF and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate for entry into cells. Under certain conditions, accumulation of d-CF may interfere with rescue from methotrexate toxicity.
The Usefulness of Head‐Up Tilt Testing and Hemodynamic Investigations in the Workup of Syncope of Unknown Origin (1988)

To enhance the clinical evaluation of patients suffering from recurrent syncope of unknown origin, the integrity of mechanisms controlling blood pressure was examined in 151 patients utilizing a screening tilt test. Ninety-eight patients had an abnormal blood pressure and/or heart rate response to tilt testing, including provoked syncopal attacks in 63 patients. Whenever indicated, the screening tilt test was followed by blood volume and hemodynamic determinations, as well as autonomic nervous system testing to identify contributing pathophysiological abnormalities (hypovolemia, venous pooling, autonomic dysfunction). Detailed analysis of this battery of tests allowed us to conclude that: (1) The tilt test is commonly a provocative tool in the workup of patients with recurrent syncope due to vasovagal - vasodepressor reactions and other abnormalities of blood pressure regulation; (2) Its usefulness is augmented by associated hemodynamic and blood volume evaluations; (3) The identification of contributory pathophysiological mechanisms of blood pressure control facilitates specific therapeutic interventions.
Au@Pd core–shell nanoparticles-decorated reduced graphene oxide: a highly sensitive and selective platform for electrochemical detection of hydrazine (2015)

An Au<sub>core</sub>–Pd<sub>shell</sub>-decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite is successfully employed for the electrochemical detection of low-level hydrazine in an aqueous solution.
Treatment and follow-up of 22 unruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms of the internal carotid artery with Onyx HD 500. (2005)

The endovascular treatment of wide-necked, large or giant ICA aneurysms with Onyx HD 500 is a treatment option in these selected cases. The benefit is a primary high and stable occlusion rate and good clinical outcome. ICA occlusion caused by Onyx migration in the parent artery is a typical problem, with a benign clinical course in this series.
Application of PLC and Transducer in Ultrasonic Automatic Flaw Detection System (2009)

The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system independently developed was expatiated.It included system structure and the selection and functions of main components,detailed described PLC functions and applications in the system,PLC and IPC communications,transducer and PLC communications and parameter setting.The testing and field trial results show that the system had high testing sensitivity,stable and reliable performance.It has important theoretical and practical significance for further research and development of the new ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system detecting round work-pieces.
Effect of pH on the colour formed by Fe‐phenolic complexes in ripe olives (1995)

Abstract The effects of the pH in the flesh of ripe olives processed for table olive production, the type of acid used to correct it, the heating process used and the iron content of the flesh on the colour of the final product were studied. The best colour was obtained by bottling the fruits at pH 7. Additions of acids, especially citric acid, always caused discoloration when olives were bottled at a pH of around 7. On the other hand, when the fruits were packed at a pH higher than 7 the addition of certain amounts of acids produced darker olives. Darker colours are related to higher iron contents in the flesh, but treatment of olives with ferrous gluconate before neutralising the pH of the flesh yielded better colours than those treated after neutralising for the same iron concentration in the olives. Results obtained after adding iron to the oxidation solutions did not show the same pattern as those obtained using fruits. These results suggest that the fixation of the colour formed is not only due to the phenol‐iron complexes.
TwinDrivers (2009)

In a virtualized environment, device drivers are often run inside a virtual machine (VM) rather than in the hypervisor, for reasons of safety and reduction in software engineering effort. Unfortunately, this approach results in poor performance for I/O-intensive devices such as network cards. The alternative approach of running device drivers directly in the hypervisor yields better performance, but results in the loss of safety guarantees for the hypervisor and incurs additional software engineering costs.
Production of a Large-Diameter Uniform Plasma by Modified Magnetron-Typed Radio Frequency Discharge (1997)

The properties of a new plasma source, i.e. a large-scale modified-magnetron typed (MMT) radio frequency (RF) plasma source, are investigated for producing a uniform high-density plasma with a large diameter of the order of 1 m. A plasma with uniformity within a few percent is produced over 120 cm in diameter in front of the substrate under an argon pressure of 1 mTorr. The plasma density is 6×10 10 cm -3 at the axial center of the RF electrode when the incident RF power is 2.8 kW. The plasma density is almost proportional to the RF power. Since the structure of MMT plasma source is quite simple, it is useful for large area plasma processing.
Summative Usability Assessments of STAR-Vote: A Cryptographically Secure e2e Voting System That Has Been Empirically Proven to Be Easy to Use (2018)

STAR-Vote being one of the first e2e voting systems that is <i>both highly usable and secure</i> is a significant accomplishment, because tamper-resistant voting systems can be used in U.S. elections to ensure the integrity of the electoral process, while still ensuring that voter intent is accurately reflected in the cast ballots. Moreover, this research empirically shows that a complex, secure system can still be usable-meaning that implemented security is not an excuse for poor usability.
Nanopore Translocation Dynamics of a Single DNA-Bound Protein (2011)

We study the translocation dynamics of a single protein molecule attached to a double-stranded DNA that is threaded through a solid-state nanopore by optical tweezers and an electric field (nanopore force spectroscopy). We find distinct asymmetric and retarded force signals that depend on the protein charge, the DNA elasticity and its counterionic screening in the buffer. A theoretical model where an isolated charge on an elastic, polyelectrolyte strand is experiencing an anharmonic nanopore potential was developed. Its results compare very well with the measured force curves and explain the experimental findings that the force depends linearly on the applied electric field and exhibits a small hysteresis during back and forth translocation cycles. Moreover, the translocation dynamics reflects the stochastic nature of the thermally activated hopping between two adjacent states in the nanopore that can be adequately described by Kramers rate theory.