gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat conduction across multiwalled carbon nanotube/graphene hybrid films (2011)

Chemically-reduced graphene oxide (CR-GO) was obtained by reduction of graphene oxide in solution of hydrazine hydrate and ammonium hydroxide solution. AFM and Raman spectra indicated the formation of single-layer CR-GO nanosheets. By using the drop-cast method, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-CR-GO hybrid film was fabricated by transferring the synthesized CR-GO onto the top surface of MWCNT arrays. The electrical and thermal conductivity of the MWCNT-CR-GO hybrid material are also investigated. It was found that the additional layer of graphene on MWNCT reduces the thermal conductance between MWCNT and graphene induced by their non-covalent interface.
Loss of Kainate Receptor-Mediated Heterosynaptic Facilitation of Mossy-Fiber Synapses in KA2<sup>−/−</sup>Mice (2003)

Multimeric assemblies of kainate (KA) receptor subunits form glutamate-gated ion channels that mediate EPSCs and function as presynaptic modulators of neurotransmitter release at some central synapses. The KA2 subunit is a likely constituent of many neuronal kainate receptors, because it is widely expressed in most neurons in the CNS. We have studied the effect of genetic ablation of this receptor subunit on synaptic transmission at the mossy-fiber-CA3 pyramidal cell synapse in hippocampal slices, where kainate receptors are localized to both presynaptic and postsynaptic sites. We found that both postsynaptic and presynaptic mossy-fiber kainate receptor function is altered in neurons from KA2-/- mice. The presynaptic facilitatory autoreceptor, which modulates glutamate release from mossy-fiber terminals, had a reduced affinity for exogenous agonists and synaptic glutamate. Although presynaptic facilitation attributable to homosynaptic glutamate release was normal at mossy-fiber synapses in KA2-/- neurons, heterosynaptic kainate receptor-mediated facilitation resulting from the spillover of glutamate from CA3 collateral synapses was absent. Consistent with a decrease in glutamate affinity of the receptor, the half-decay of the postsynaptic kainate-mediated EPSC was shorter in the knock-out mice. These results identify the KA2 subunit as a determinant of kainate receptor function at presynaptic and postsynaptic mossy-fiber kainate receptors.
On the action of hypochlorite on human serum albumin. (1990)

The luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of zymosan-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes is continuously diminished in the presence of increasing amounts of human serum albumin (from 1 to 30 mg/ml). HSA competes with luminol for hypochlorite as shown by adding sodium hypochlorite to luminol solutions containing HSA. Titration of HSA with NaOCl affects firstly the sulfhydryl and probably the thioether groups and then the amino groups. Coincubation of zymosan-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and HSA at a ratio corresponding to normal values of healthy men causes a continuous oxidation of sulphur containing functional groups in HSA.
Multi-agent system for security auditing and worm containment in metropolitan area networks (2005)

Security auditing and worm containment is used to guarantee the network security in metropolitan area networks. Multi-agent system for security auditing and worm containment in MAN (MSAWCM) is presented to audit user's accesses and provide a first-class automatic reaction mechanism that automatically applies containment strategies to prevent clean host from being infected by blocking the propagation of the worms MSAWCM uses broadband access server as information gathering agent that uses hardware packet filter (HPF) to get packet from MAN. It adaptively studies and audits the accessing in the whole network and dynamically changes the working parameters to detect the unknown worms. MSAWCM integrates worm detection system (WDS) and network management system (NMS). Reaction measures can be taken by using SNMP interface to control BAS as soon as the WDS detect the active worm. MSAWCM is very effective in blocking random scanning worms that are very noisy and tend to waste a lot of network bandwidth and crash routers. Simulation results indicate that high worm infection rate of epidemics can be avoided to a degree by MSAWCM blocking the propagation of the worms.
Voronoi diagrams of polygons: A framework for shape representation (1994)

This paper describes an efficient shape representation framework for planar shapes using Voronoi skeletons. A new algorithm for the construction of the Voronoi diagram of a polygon with holes is first described. The main features of this algorithm are its robustness in handling the standard degenerate cases (colinearity of more than two points; co-circularity of more than three points), and its ease of implementation. This algorithm is then used to derive accurate and robust skeletons for planar shapes. The shape representation scheme using Voronoi skeletons possesses the important properties of connectivity as well as Euclidean metrics. The resultant representation is stable with respect to being invariant to perturbations along the boundary of the shape.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alkenyl‐functionalized precursors for renewable hydrogels design (2009)

Abstract A library of crosslinking chemistries for the hydrogel synthesis based on the hemicellulose acetylated galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) has been developed, demonstrated, and evaluated. A three‐step route was elaborated including (1) the carbonyldiimidazole activation of primary hydroxylated vinylic molecules such as acrylates, vinyl alcohols, and vinyl ethers, (2) the covalent coupling of the alkenyl precursors to the polysaccharide backbone hydroxyls, and (3) the radical crosslinking of pendant vinyl functionalities affording a hydrophilic network. Crosslinking strategies explored include redox initiation and photo initiation, with an effort to adapt the suggested synthesis routes to benign conditions. The different functionalization strategies were shown to influence the resulting gel's properties. Varying the crosslinking media was found to be a strong tool to tune the properties of the gels. Modifications were in all cases verified by means of NMR and FTIR, and the gels were characterized with respect to swelling capacity and rheological parameters. It was shown that by adjusting the synthesis parameters, the resulting properties of the AcGGM gels could be custom‐made for a given performance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3595–3606, 2009
Development of a gene silencing DNA vector derived from a broad host range geminivirus (2009)

The unique properties of the pWSRi vector, the ability to silence genes in meristem tissue, the separation of virus and silencing phenotypes, and the broad natural host range of BCTV, suggest that it will have wide utility.
Development of an efficient, low NOX domestic gas range cook top. Annual technical report May 82-April 83 (1983)

The objective of this program is to develop a domestic range top that provides significant advantages over conventional range tops, in the areas of fuel consumption and NOx emissions. This report describes the work performed during the first 12 months of the program leading to the fabrication of a four burner developmental prototype. It includes the tasks of state-of-the-art assessment, single burner concept development, and four burner prototype design and fabrication. The aim of the literature search was to study the effect of range emissions on indoor air pollution, identify burner design technologies for low NOx emissions, and survey NOx measurement methodologies. Three efficient, low NOx burner designs were conceived, fabricated, and tested. Though all three had acceptable efficiency and emissions, the IR-Jet Concept was selected for four burner prototype development and fabrication.
Knowledge extraction by using an ontology-based annotation tool (2001)

This paper describes a Semantic Annotation Tool for extraction of knowledge structures from web pages through the use of simple user-defined knowledge extraction patterns. The semantic annotation tool contains: an ontology-based mark-up component which allows the user to browse and to mark-up relevant pieces of information; a learning component (Crystal from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst) which learns rules from examples and an information extraction component which extracts the objects and relation between these objects. Our final aim is to provide support for ontology population by using the information extraction component. Our system uses as domain of study “KMi Planet”, a Webbased news server that helps to communicate relevant information between members in our institute.
Diisopropoxyaluminium Trifluoroacetate: A New Promoter for Aminolysis of Epoxides (2000)

Aminolysis of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical epoxides using various amines in the presence of diisopropoxyaluminium trifluoroacetate (DIPAT) as a new promoter gave 1,2-amino alcohols in excellent yields at room temperature with good to excellent selectivities.
Establishment of human tumoral ependymal cell lines and coculture with tubular-like human endothelial cells (2002)

Ependymomas, rare neoplasms of the central nervous system, occur predominantly in children. They are highly vascularized, and histological findings show many perivascular rosettes of tumoral cells radially organized around capillaries. Treatment of ependymomas relies on surgery combined with radio- or chemotherapy, but the efficiency of chemotherapy is limited, probably because of their multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Progress in the therapy of these neoplasms is dramatically limited by the absence of cell line models. We established conditions for the long-term culture of human tumoral ependymocytes and their 3D coculture in Matrigel with endothelial cells. Histological, immunological, and ultrastructural studies showed that the morphological features (microvilli, cilia, and caveolae) of these cultured cells were similar to those of the tumor in vivo. The cells expressed potential oncological markers related to the immature state of tumoral cells (nestin and Notch-1), their tumorigenicity [caveolae and epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R)], or the MDR phenotype [P-glycoprotein (P-gp)]. The expression of P-gp, EGF-R, and caveolin-1 by these tumoral ependymocytes could be useful in studies on new drugs. This coculture model might represent a new powerful tool to study new therapeutic delivery strategies in tumoral cells.
Safety and efficacy of artemisinin-piperaquine for treatment of COVID-19: an open-label, non-randomised and controlled trial (2020)

In patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, the time to reach undetectable SARS-CoV-2 was significantly shorter in the AP group than that in the control group. However, physicians should consider QT interval changes before using AP.
An Improved Synthesis of Trisodium (R)-Homocitrate from Citric Acid (2009)

A method of synthesis of trisodium (R)-homocitrate starting from citric acid is reported. The procedure affords the final product of high optical purity with satisfactory yield.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection of megakaryocytic cells (1991)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is capable of infecting certain cells of hematopoietic lineage, particularly monocyte-macrophages and T lymphocytes. Recently, the possibility that cells of megakaryocytic lineage are susceptible to HIV infection has been raised. We have characterized infection of the permanent megakaryocytic cell line CMK by HIV in vitro. CMK cells were easily infected by HIV type 2 (HIV-2), producing significant amounts of virus in culture. Infection appeared to be mediated by the CD4 surface antigen on CMK cells. Three different strains of HIV-1 were able to minimally infect CMK cells, suggesting there may be isolates of HIV tropic for megakaryocytes. Infection of CMK cells led to downregulation of the CD4 surface antigen but no discernable change in expression of megakaryocyte-associated proteins glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. These observations support the likelihood that megakaryocytes are susceptible to HIV infection, and cell lines of megakaryocytic origin may provide a useful model to study effects of the retrovirus on megakaryocyte function.
Pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor-1and diabetes mellitus type 2 (Review) (2008)

The homeobox domain transcription factor PDX-1 is essential for pancreatic development and for the maintenance of beta-cell function. The participation of pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor-1 (PDX-1) in the transcription of several genes which are essential for glucose sensing and insulin synthesis underlines its key role in beta-cells of the pancreas. PDX-1 binds to the promoter of insulin, glucose transporter 2, and glucokinase and regulates their expression. By protein-protein interaction, PDX-1 acts in concert with other transcription factors or coactivators at the level of the insulin promoter. Ectopic expression of PDX-1 together with other cofactors can re-program cells to behave like beta-cells and produce insulin. This property of PDX-1 opens new strategies for the treatment of diabetes. Little is known about its regulation at the posttranslational level. Here, we report on its DNA-binding activity, the nuclear import and on post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, glycosylation and sumoylation. Modulation of these post-translational modifications may be an alternate strategy for treating diabetes.
Immersion disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions with sodium hypochlorite. Part I: Microbiology. (1994)

Current American Dental Association infection control guidelines recommend immersion disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions, and this study further defines the parameters for use of sodium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite has been shown to be an effective disinfectant for impressions; however, it has not been fully evaluated for optimum immersion time and concentration. In this study, irreversible hydrocolloid impressions contaminated with different bacteria were immersed in varying concentrations of sodium hypochlorite for 1, 5, or 10 minutes. Dilute solutions of sodium hypochlorite (0.525% or 0.0525%) produced a 4-log10 (99.99%) reduction in colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa after 1 to 5 minutes' immersion. Full-strength sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) required 5 minutes to produce a 4-log10 reduction of Bacillus subtilis. A 4-log10 reduction of Mycobacterium bovis was not obtained under any conditions examined.
Feedback Regulation in the Anthranilate Aggregate from Wild Type and Mutant Strains of Escherichia coli (1973)

Abstract The anthranilate aggregate, which catalyzes the first two reactions of tryptophan biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, consists of two anthranilate synthetase subunits and two phosphoribosyltransferase subunits. The aggregate remains associated under physiological conditions. Three lines of evidence indicate that regulation in the aggregate involves conformational changes associated with the binding of the substrates, chorismate and glutamine, and the feedback inhibitor, tryptophan. First, either chorismate or glutamine, the anthranilate synthetase substrates, can pseudocompetitively reactivate tryptophan-inhibited phosphoribosyltransferase. Second, the regulatory ligands alter the susceptibility of the aggregate to inactivation by metal ions and by the glutamine analog, 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine. Third, direct physical evidence for conformational changes was obtained using the fluorescent probe, 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate. The activities of the aggregate are regulated through alterations in the equilibrium between activated and inhibited conformational states associated with ligand binding. Regulation is competitive because the binding of chorismate and tryptophan or glutamine and tryptophan is mutually exclusive for allosteric reasons. Several independent kinetic and inactivation experiments indicate that glutamine binds to the enzyme in the absence of chorismate. However, glutamine hydrolysis does require that chorismate be present. The binding of chorismate is presumably associated with a conformational change required for the hydrolysis of glutamine. Anthranilate synthetase thus has an ordered reaction mechanism, but random substrate binding. Several mutationally altered anthranilate aggregates, either resistant to feedback inhibition, or supersensitive to feedback inhibition, were examined. A double mutant containing both resistant and the supersensitive alleles was very similar in kinetic properties to wild type. Revertants of the supersensitive strain were isolated, and their anthranilate aggregates were analyzed. In one revertant, the cooperative, competitive pattern of inhibition found in wild type was altered to a noncooperative, noncompetitive pattern. In another, tryptophan inhibition was completely eliminated, but the catalytic functions were unimpaired. Therefore, the chorismate and tryptophan binding sites, though competitive, are separate. All the mutations had parallel effects on both anthranilate synthetase and phosphoribosyltransferase, indicating that both activities of the aggregate are regulated by a common mechanism. It is clear that the equilibrium between active and inhibited conformational states of the aggregate is susceptible to mutational alteration. A mechanical model for the operation of the regulatory mechanism in the anthraniate aggregate is presented.
Ein neuer magnetischer Sauerstoff‐Messer mit sehr kurzer Einstellzeit und hoher Selektivität (1968)

Abstract Das Gerät mißt direkt und kontinuierlich die Suszeptibilität eines Gasgemisches. Dem abgeschlossenen Spaltraum (Querspalt) eines mit Wechselstrom (50 Hz) erregten Elektromagneten wird durch zwei Zuleitungsröhrchen Meßgas bzw. Vergleichsgas zugeleitet. Der resultierende, dem Suszeptibilitätsunterschied zwischen Meß‐ und Vergleichsgas proportionale Wechseldruck, der ein Maß für die Differenz im O 2 ‐Gehalt zwischen beiden Gasströmen ist, wird mit einem Kondensatormikrophon gemessen. Das neue Gerät zeichnet sich durch extrem hohe Anzeigegeschwindigkeit (Übergangszeit < 0,1 s) und geringe Abhängigkeit von der Trägergas‐Zusammensetzung aus und hat daher einen breiten Anwendungsbereich sowohl bei technischen als auch bei medizinischen Untersuchungen.
Biochemistry and genetics of insect resistance to<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>insecticidal crystal proteins (1995)

Current knowledge of biochemical mechanisms of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis is reviewed. Available information on resistance inheritance and on patterns of cross-resistance is included. Modification of the binding sites for B. thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins has been found in different populations of three insect species. This resistance mechanism seems to be inherited as a single recessive or partially recessive major gene, and the resistance levels reached are high. Altered proteolytic processing of B. thuringiensis crystal proteins has been suggested to be involved in one case of resistance. From the available data it seems that binding site modification is the most significant resistance mechanism under field conditions.
Systematic Review of Conservative Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage: What to Do When Medical Treatment Fails (2007)

We performed a systematic review to identify all studies evaluating the success rates of treatment of major postpartum hemorrhage by uterine balloon tamponade, uterine compression sutures, pelvic devascularization, and arterial embolization. We included studies reporting on at least 5 cases. All searches were performed independently by 2 researchers and updated in June 2006. Failure of management was defined as the need to proceed to subsequent or repeat surgical or radiological therapy or hysterectomy, or death. As the search identified no randomized controlled trials, we proceeded to search for observational studies. This identified 396 publications, and after exclusions, 46 studies were included in the systematic review. The cumulative outcomes showed success rates of 90.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.7%-94.0%) for arterial embolization, 84.0% (95% CI, 77.5%-88.8%) for balloon tamponade, 91.7% (95% CI, 84.9%-95.5%) for uterine compression sutures, and 84.6% (81.2%-87.5%) for iliac artery ligation or uterine devascularization (P = 0.06). At present there is no evidence to suggest that any one method is better for the management of severe postpartum hemorrhage. Randomized controlled trials of the various treatment options may be difficult to perform in practice. As balloon tamponade is the least invasive and most rapid approach, it would be logical to use this as the first step in the management.
Determination of Hydroperoxyl/superoxide Anion Radical (HO2ㆍ/O2ㆍ-) Concentration in the Decomposition of Ozone Using a Kinetic Method (2006)

A novel kinetic method for determination of <TEX>$HO_2^{\cdot}/O_2^{{\cdot}-}$</TEX> in ozone decomposition in water is described. In this study, potential interferences of <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> and the hydroxyl radicals, <TEX>$^{\cdot}OH_{(O3)} $</TEX>, are suppressed by <TEX>$HSO_3\;^-/SO_3\;^{2-} $</TEX>. <TEX>$HO_2^{\cdot}/O_2^{{\cdot}-}$</TEX> formed in ozone decomposition reduces <TEX>$Fe^{3+}$</TEX>-EDTA into <TEX>$Fe^{2+}$</TEX>-EDTA and subsequently the well-known Fenton-like (FL) reaction of <TEX>$H_2O_2$</TEX> and <TEX>$Fe^{2+}$</TEX>-EDTA produces the hydroxyl radicals, <TEX>$OH_{(FL)}$</TEX>. Benzoic acid (BA) scavenges <TEX>$^{\cdot}OH_{(FL)}$</TEX> to produce OHBA, which are analyzed by fluorescence detection (<TEX>$\lambda_{ex}$</TEX> = 320 nm and <TEX>$\lambda_{ex}$</TEX> = 400 nm). The concentration of <TEX>$HO_2^{\cdot}/O_2^{{\cdot}-}$</TEX> in ozone decomposition has been determined by the novel kinetic method using the experimentally determined half-life (<TEX>$t_{1/2}$</TEX>). The steady-state concentration of <TEX>$HO_2^{\cdot}/O_2^{{\cdot}-}$</TEX> is proportional to the <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> concentration at a given pH. However, the steady-state concentration of <TEX>$HO_2^{\cdot}/O_2^{{\cdot}-}$</TEX> in ozone decomposition is inversely proportional to pH values. This pH dependence is due to significant loss of <TEX>$O_2\;^{{\cdot}-}$</TEX> by <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> at higher pH conditions. The steady-state concentrations of <TEX>$HO_2^{\cdot}/O_2^{{\cdot}-}$</TEX> are in the range of <TEX>$2.49\;({\pm}0.10){\times}10^{-9}$</TEX> M (pH = 4.17)<TEX>$\sim$</TEX> <TEX>$3.01\;({\pm}0.07)\;{\times}\;10^{-10} $</TEX>M (pH = 7.59) at <TEX>$[O_3]_o$</TEX> = 60 <TEX>$\mu$</TEX>M.
Uses of the electrical skin resistance method in the study of patients with neck and upper extremity pain. (1975)

Use of the electrical skin resistance method for the study of neck and upper extremity pain is reported. Skin resistance was mapped for 20 patients who had neck or upper extremity pain without clinical or radiographic evidence of spinal cord or nerve root irritation, but who did present evidence of an abnormality within a cervical intervertebral disc or involving a facet joint of the cervical spine. In general, areas of low skin resistance (sympathetic hyperactivity) corresponded well to areas of subjective pain. The skin resistance pattern has not led to localization of the level of abnormality within the cervical spine, but has been of value in confirming the clinical impression that a pain-producing mechanical or degenerative lesion is present. The test thus adds objective evidence in an area often fraught with subjectivity.