gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conductance of atomic-scale Pb contacts in an electrochemical environment (2010)

Atomic-sized lead (Pb) contacts are deposited and dissolved in an electrochemical environment, and their transport properties are measured. Due to the electrochemical fabrication process, deformation-induced mechanical strain is largely avoided, and we obtain conductance histograms with sharply resolved, individual peaks. Charge transport calculations based on density-functional theory for various ideal Pb contact geometries are in good agreement with the experimental results. Depending on the atomic configuration, single-atom-wide contacts of one and the same metal yield very different conductance values.
Resistance to transforming growth factor beta and activin due to reduced receptor expression in human breast tumor cell lines. (1995)

Loss of sensitivity to growth inhibition by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is a phenomenon often observed in human epithelial tumor cells and is linked to malignant progression. We tested a panel of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and -negative breast cell lines for their sensitivity to TGF-beta and a related member of the TGF-beta superfamily, activin. Both TGF-beta-sensitive (MCF7, Hs578T, and BT20) and -resistant (two T47D variants, ZR75-1, MDA-MB231, and MDA-MB468) cell lines were found, with no strict correlation between ER content and sensitivity to TGF-beta. In contrast, all four ER-positive cell lines were inhibited by activin A, whereas the ER-negative lines were not. To examine whether resistance to TGF-beta and activin resulted from the absence of the corresponding receptors, mRNA expression of the types I and II receptors was studied. TGF-beta receptor II was not expressed in the two T47D variants and was low in ZR75-1 cells. Upon stable transfection of the TGF-beta receptor II in one of the T47D variants, sensitivity to TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 was restored with respect to inhibition of anchorage-dependent and -independent proliferation, indicating that other signal transduction components are functionally intact. Sensitivity to TGF-beta in the transfectants was dependent on the expression level of the newly introduced receptor. Resistance to activin in the ER-negative cell lines could be explained in BT20 and Hs578T cells, but not in MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB468, by low activin receptor expression. These results show that resistance to TGF-beta and activin is often, but not always, due to reduced expression of the signaling receptor in breast cancer cells. The activin resistance of ER-negative breast tumor cells may be involved in their increased malignancy compared with ER-positive cells.
Prevalence of Premature Ejaculation in Turkish Men With Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (2005)

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a common and serious health problem affecting the quality of life in men. Limited studies exist on the relation of this condition to premature ejaculation. We evaluated prevalence rates of premature ejaculation in Turkish male patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome and compared them with healthy control subjects. Sixty-six men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome were included in the study (group 1). A questionnaire consisting of 2 parts--demographic data and a Turkish version of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom index--was administered to all patients. Premature ejaculation was defined as intravaginal ejaculation latency of less than 2 minutes with the same partner for at least 6 months. All patients were evaluated with physical examinations and routine laboratory tests. If erectile dysfunction was noted from the medical history, penile Doppler ultrasonography also was performed. The results were compared with the results of 30 healthy men without urinary symptoms (group 2). The chi2 test was used for statistical analyses. Of 66 patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome, 51 had premature ejaculation (77.3%), and in 10 (15.2%) patients, premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction were found together. Penile Doppler ultrasonography showed no vascular pathology in patients with erectile dysfunction. The rate of premature ejaculation was higher in patients in the study group than it was in patients in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (P < .05). Both chronic pelvic pain syndrome and premature ejaculation are common disorders, but their ethiopathogeneses are not well understood. In Turkish men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome, the incidence of psychogenic sexual problems was higher than in the normal population.
Extremely limited synthesis of long chain polyunsaturates in adults: implications for their dietary essentiality and use as supplements (2007)

There is considerable interest in the potential impact of several polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in mitigating the significant morbidity and mortality caused by degenerative diseases of the cardiovascular system and brain. Despite this interest, confusion surrounds the extent of conversion in humans of the parent PUFA, linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), to their respective long-chain PUFA products. As a result, there is uncertainty about the potential benefits of ALA versus eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Some of the confusion arises because although mammals have the necessary enzymes to make the long-chain PUFA from the parent PUFA, in vivo studies in humans show that asymptotically equal to 5% of ALA is converted to EPA and <0.5% of ALA is converted to DHA. Because the capacity of this pathway is very low in healthy, nonvegetarian humans, even large amounts of dietary ALA have a negligible effect on plasma DHA, an effect paralleled in the omega6 PUFA by a negligible effect of dietary linoleic acid on plasma arachidonic acid. Despite this inefficient conversion, there are potential roles in human health for ALA and EPA that could be independent of their metabolism to DHA through the desaturation - chain elongation pathway.
ABO blood group and ischaemic heart disease in British men. (1990)

Blood group A is related to the incidence of ischaemic heart disease in individual subjects. Geographic differences in the distribution of ABO blood groups do not explain geographic variation in rates of ischaemic heart disease in Britain. The findings do not support the view that ABO blood group and social class are related.
Micro-Optics for Liquid Crystal Displays Applications (2005)

Micro-optics have become the key technology in liquid crystal display systems due to its capabilities of miniaturization and design flexibility. Design consideration and experimental results of microoptical components for enhancing the image quality, providing better functions, increasing light efficiency, and generating 3D images in liquid crystal display (LCD) applications are presented.
Electroactive Shape Memory Effect of Polyurethane Composites Filled with Carbon Nanotubes and Conducting Polymer (2007)

Abstract We report the electroactive shape memory composites obtained by shape memory polyurethane block copolymer (PU) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), and polypyrrole (PPy). An addition of combined MWNTs and PPy contributed to an enhancement in conductivity of PU-MWNTs composites. PU containing 2.5% MWNTs showed better mechanical and thermal properties than other composites, but conductivity was not sufficient for showing the shape memory effect by applying electrical voltages. However, when the composite was lightly coated by PPy (2.5%), its conductivity was the highest than other composites. Such the conductivity of this composite was enough to show electroactive shape recovery by heating above transition temperature of 40–48°C due to melting of polycaprolactone soft segment domain. The good shape recovery of 90–96% could be obtained in the shape recovery test when an electric field of 25 V was applied. Keywords: Carbon nanotubeConductivityCrystallinityDispersionInterfacial adhesionMechanical propertiesOxidative polymerizationPolypyrrolePolyurethaneRaman spectraScanning electron microscopeShape memory effectThermal propertiesTransition temperatureTransmission electron microscopy ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by the SRC/ERC program of MOST/KOSEF (R11-2005-065) and the Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2004-005-B00046). Notes Polypyrrole coated PM2 film (PMPC22) was prepared from chemical oxidative polymerization process as discussed experimental section.
Safety Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Recombinant Human ω‐Interferon Produced from CHO‐SS Cells (2006)

Human omega-interferon (IFN-omega) has been shown to be well-tolerated in man and to induce reductions of hepatitis C virus RNA levels in a series of human clinical trials. Here we provide an overview of our preclinical safety evaluation of the fully-glycosylated human IFN-omega produced from CHO-SS cells that is currently being evaluated clinically. IFN-omega was not associated with any biologically-relevant adverse effects in a series of 10 safety pharmacology experiments, in the Ames mutagenicity test, in the micronucleus test, or in intraarterial, intravenous, paravenous or subcutaneous local tolerance studies. Acute, subacute, subchronic and reproductive toxicity studies performed in cynomolgus monkeys and rats showed a toxicity profile similar to that of human alpha interferon (IFN-alpha). Except for the acute (single-dose) toxicology study, all of the other toxicity studies showed evidence for the formation of anti-IFN-omega antibodies over time in the animals. These antibodies were found to neutralize IFN-omega antiviral activity in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The average pharmacokinetic parameters following a single subcutaneous dose of IFN-omega in rabbits, rats and monkeys were determined and found to be similar to that of human IFN-alpha. These findings demonstrate that IFN-omega has a safety profile consistent with that required for its use in man. IFN-omega might be beneficial for the treatment of patients infected with hepatitis C virus who fail to respond to IFN-alpha or as a first-line treatment option.
A Customer's Definition of Quality (1992)

What's the best way to get "close to the customer"? One company has developed a customer feedback system to drive product design, sales, service, and support functions in order to ensure better customer responsiveness.
유로 위기에 있어 Rule Setter로서의 독일 질서자유주의 (2017)

한국 경제와 독일 경제가 몇 가지 역사적 공통점을 가지는 것에 반해, 두 경제가 보이는 결과는 상당한 차이를 보인다. 이는 한국 학자들의 독일 질서자유주의와 사회적 시장경제에 관심을 불러왔다. 이 연구는 질서자유주의에 대한 구체적이고 분명한 설명과 유로 위기를 극복함에 있어서 독일정부의 질서자유주의적 태도가 어떠한 역할을 했는지에 대한 설명을 제공하고자 한다. Walter Eucken은 시장질서가 완전 경쟁을 바탕으로 하는 잘 작동하는 가격 기구를 기반으로 해야 하며, 정부의 역할을 시장 질서를 관리하는데 머물러야 한다고 말한다. 사회적 시장경제는 질서자유주의의 시장질서의 개념에 사회적 가치를 결합하였다. 질서자유주의와 사회적 시장경제는 시장질서의 완성도와 사회정책에 대한 정부의 역할에 있어서 상이한 입장을 가지고 있다. 독일 경제 재건에 있은 큰 기여를 한 Ludwig Erhard는 Alfred Muller-Armack가 사회적 시장경제의 아이디어를 실제적인 정책으로 구현하고자 하는 의도와 사회적 시장경제가 가지는 정치적 유연성에 영향을 받아, 질서자유주의를 기반으로 하는 독일 경제를 실현하기 위해 사회적 시장경제의 아이디어를 현실적으로 채택하였다.
유로 위기는 유로의 안정성과 나아가 유럽 연합의 미래를 위협하였다. 유로 위기는 이른바 GIPSI국가들의 쌍둥이 적자의 누적으로 인한 과도한 부채로부터 기인한다. 유로 위기 해결에 있어서, 독일은 경제적 건실함과 확고한 리더십을 바탕으로 다른 국가들의 이목을 끌었다. 독일의 질서자유주의적 정책은 건전한 공공 재정에 대한 추구, 헌법적 접근 그리고 자기 책임 원칙으로 설명되어질 수 있다. 유로 위기는 유로존을 각 회원국들의 해결 방법에 대한 이념적인 선호에 따라 양분하였다. 본 연구는 각 양분된 그룹에서 다섯 개 회원국을 골라 그들이 보이는 질서자유주의적 요소를 몇 가지 지표를 통하여 보이고자 하였다. 이러한 분석은 질서자유주의가 유로존이 위기를 극복하는 과정에서 의미 있는 작용을 하고 있음을 간접적으로 시사한다고 하겠다.
Semiquantitative Specific Test Paper for Glucose in Urine (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSemiquantitative Specific Test Paper for Glucose in UrineJ. P. ComerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 11, 1748–1750Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60119a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60119a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2054Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Harmonicity based dereverberation with maximum a posteriori estimation (2006)

A harmonicity based dereverberation (HERB) scheme has recently been proposed for single channel speech dereverberation. HERB was shown to work effectively for modest reverberation times of up to 1.0 sec when a sufficiently large amount of observed signals are available. The conventional formulation of HERB makes intuitive use of the stronger components of the speech signal, namely the pitch harmonics, when obtaining the dereverberation filter; however, it does not provide an analytical framework within which the dereverberation performance can be optimized. In this paper, we reformulate HERB as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation problem, in which the dereverberation filter is determined as one that maximizes the a posteriori probability given the observed signals. We derive a closed form solution to this problem by assuming that the a posteriori probability is given by means of a Gaussian probability distribution function (PDF) under a harmonicity constraint. A preliminary experiment shows that we can further improve the performance of HERB by carefully choosing the PDF when the amount of observed signals is small.
Tensor-Based Cortical Surface Morphometry via Weighted Spherical Harmonic Representation (2008)

We present a new tensor-based morphometric framework that quantifies cortical shape variations using a local area element. The local area element is computed from the Riemannian metric tensors, which are obtained from the smooth functional parametrization of a cortical mesh. For the smooth parametrization, we have developed a novel weighted spherical harmonic (SPHARM) representation, which generalizes the traditional SPHARM as a special case. For a specific choice of weights, the weighted-SPHARM is shown to be the least squares approximation to the solution of an isotropic heat diffusion on a unit sphere. The main aims of this paper are to present the weighted-SPHARM and to show how it can be used in the tensor-based morphometry. As an illustration, the methodology has been applied in the problem of detecting abnormal cortical regions in the group of high functioning autistic subjects.
Delivery Strategies to Achieve Therapeutic Myocardial Angiogenesis (2000)

The use of recombinant genes or growth factors to enhance myocardial collateral blood vessel function may represent a new approach to the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Proof of concept has been demonstrated in animal models of myocardial ischemia, and clinical trials are underway. Currently, it is unknown which is the safest and most effective delivery strategy to induce clinically important therapeutic angiogenic responses in ischemic myocardium. Most strategies for transcatheter delivery of angiogenic factors have used an intracoronary route, which may have limitations because of imprecise localization of genes or proteins and systemic delivery to noncardiac tissue. The effect of direct intraoperative intramyocardial injection of angiogenic factors on collateral function has been reported in experimental models, and angiogenesis is being studied after direct intramyocardial injection of angiogenic peptides or plasmid vectors during open heart surgery in patients. Catheter-based transendocardial injection of angiogenic factors may provide equivalent benefit without the need for surgery. Intrapericardial delivery of angiogenic factors may offer a theoretical advantage of prolonged exposure of either coronary or myocardial tissue to the administered drug as result of a reservoir function of the pericardium. In this article, we review the different modes of administration for therapeutic myocardial angiogenesis therapy.
Crystal growth kinetics of calcite in a dense fluidized‐bed crystallizer (1999)

Abstract The growth kinetics of calcite crystals are studied in a batch‐fluidized‐bed crystallizer, which is maintained at a constant pH. The growth experiments are conducted in the metastable region explored as part of this research. The crystal growth rates are evaluated from the consumption rates of calcium ions, using the cured natural calcite or silica sand as seeding materials. Several operation variables are investigated, including supersaturation, pH, ionic strength, superficial velocity, and particle size and type of seed. The significant factors that affect the crystal growth rate are identified. Then the crystal growth data of constant pH and ionic strength are analyzed by the two‐step growth model. The mass‐transfer coefficients are obtained and compared at various crystal sizes and superficial velocities. Finally, a growth‐rate equation of calcite crystal, which is based on the two‐step growth model, is proposed for design purposes.
Reversible inactivation of d-xylose utilization by d-glucose in the pentose-fermenting yeast<i>Pachysolen tannophilus</i> (1992)

A major problem in fermenting pentoses using lignocellulosic substrates is the presence of d-glucose which inhibits d-xylose utilization. We previously showed that d-glucose represses the induction of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities, thereby inhibiting d-xylose utilization in Pachysolen tannophilus. The question arose whether d-glucose can also inactivate d-xylose fermentation. P. tannophilus cells were grown on a defined d-xylose-containing liquid medium. At about 40 h, d-glucose was added to a final concentration of 3% (w/v). This led to a rapid cessation of d-xylose utilization, which resumed after 10–12 h before d-glucose was completely consumed. This suggests that d-glucose inactivated existing d-xylose catabolic enzymes and that inactivation was reversed at low d-glucose concentrations. This reversible inactivation was distinct from d-glucose repression. Addition of cycloheximide did not block the resumption of d-xylose consumption, suggesting that reactivation was independent of protein synthesis.
Shape Memory Rigidizable Inflatable (RI) Structures for Large Space Systems Applications (2006)

°° °C and dual T g systems that have an initial low T g and can be triggered on command by heat, radiation (UV, etc.) or chemical exposure to a higher T g. It is important for the space community to understand the major differences the SMP technologies bring to large space systems. This paper will discuss current SMP materials and then examine the implication of SMP technology as it relates to large space systems and how it can enable future missions.
Intersubband spectroscopy of quantum cascade lasers under operating conditions (2006)

A technique is described that enables the mid infrared spectroscopic study of the intersubband electron distribution in quantum cascade lasers under operating conditions. By measuring the transmission of a broadband thermal source through the waveguide of a λ∼7.4μm InGaAs∕AlInAs∕InP quantum cascade laser, the redistribution of the electrons in the active region confined levels has been investigated for a wide range of operating currents and temperatures. This technique also allows direct determination of key parameters such as the temperature of the core region under operating conditions, the modal gain coefficient, and the waveguide loss.
LP‐7: <i>Late‐News Paper:</i> A Simple LCOS Optical System (2002)

Abstract In this article we present a simple optical engine system that using the wired grid component to construct the LCOS engine. The performance of this optical engine (ITRIBOX) is suitable for the portable applications.
An Improved Neighbor Embedding Method to Super-resolution Reconstruction of a Single Image (2011)

In this paper, an improved neighbor embedding super-resolution method is proposed by offering two extensions. Firstly, an improved neighbor embedding algorithm is presented to overcome over- or under-fitting problem existing in the neighbor embedding algorithm of [7]. In our algorithm, the local geometry of each image patch is characterized by the reconstruction weights with which the patch is reconstructed from all the neighbors in the neighborhood which depends on an empirical threshold. Thus, each image patch is reconstructed from all the neighbors in the neighborhood rather than k nearest neighbors. Secondly, a global reconstruction constraint is incorporated into super-resolution reconstruction process to make the degraded version of target high-resolution image consistent with measured low-resolution image. Experiments show that our method yields better results.
N-terminal region of the large subunit of Leishmania donovani bisubunit topoisomerase I is involved in DNA relaxation and interaction with the smaller subunit. VOLUME 280 (2005) PAGES 16335-16344 (2006)

PAGE 16336: While going through our paper, we found that Equation 1 was not correct. The correct Equation 1 should read as follows, intialvelocity=[supercoiledDNA]0-intt[supercoiledDNA]0int0/t(Eq. 1) as per Ref. 23 cited in this paper. Our calculations were based on the corrected equation stated above. This correction does not change the conclusion.
Photopolymerization of an Acrylate in a PMMA Film Using the Aromatic Ketone-Sulfonium Borate Photoinitiator Systems. (1999)

Photopolymerization of pentaerythritol triacrylate in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) film using a series of dimethylphenacylsulfonium butyltriphenylborate initiators was investigated. Photopolymerization was studied using real time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR) by irradiating UV light at 365nm. When two aromatic ketones, 2, 4-diethylthioxanthone and 4, 4′-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, were used as sensitizers, the rate of polymerization (Rp) for the sulfonium borate was higher than for the corresponding sulfonium salt and ammonium borate. The Rp value increased with increasing the reduction potential of the sulfonium cations of the sulfonium borates. The photoreaction between the sulfonium borates and the sensitizers occurred through a photoinduced electron transfer.
A Clustering Technique for Early Detection of Dominant and Recessive Cross-Cutting Concerns (2007)

This paper describes an approach for automating the detection of early aspects. Based on hierarchical clustering and an underlying probabilistic algorithm, the technique generates initial requirements clusters representing relatively homogenous feature sets, use cases and potential cross-cutting concerns. A second clustering phase is then applied in which dominant terms are identified and removed from each of the initial clusters, allowing new clusters to form around less dominant terms. This second phase enables previously inter-tangled aspects to be detected. Three metrics are introduced to differentiate potential cross-cutting concerns from other types of clusters. The approach is illustrated through an example based on the Public Health Watcher case study.