gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene: Exploring carbon flatland (2007)

Just one atom thick, this two-dimensional semiconductor does not resemble any known material.
Measuring the Areal Density of a Finite Ensemble (1995)

A new measure A p is introduced for estimating density in spatial ecological studies. The measure is constructed from the ratio of the area of a convex hull relative to a reference containing region. The measurement of the area is demonstrated with the Surveyor's Area Formula, Hero's Formula, and Pick's Theorem. Research applications of the measure are outlined.
Regularizing Recurrent Networks - On Injected Noise and Norm-based Methods (2014)

Advancements in parallel processing have lead to a surge in multilayer perceptrons' (MLP) applications and deep learning in the past decades. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) give additional representational power to feedforward MLPs by providing a way to treat sequential data. However, RNNs are hard to train using conventional error backpropagation methods because of the difficulty in relating inputs over many time-steps. Regularization approaches from MLP sphere, like dropout and noisy weight training, have been insufficiently applied and tested on simple RNNs. Moreover, solutions have been proposed to improve convergence in RNNs but not enough to improve the long term dependency remembering capabilities thereof. In this study, we aim to empirically evaluate the remembering and generalization ability of RNNs on polyphonic musical datasets. The models are trained with injected noise, random dropout, norm-based regularizers and their respective performances compared to well-initialized plain RNNs and advanced regularization methods like fast-dropout. We conclude with evidence that training with noise does not improve performance as conjectured by a few works in RNN optimization before ours.
Sandwich Silver Enhanced Gold Labeled Immunosorbent Assay for Determination of Human Growth Hormone (1993)

The use of immunogold-silver enhancement has its roots in immunohistocytochemistry, in which it has gained widespread use as a specific and sensitive staining tool. More recently this technology has been applied to such other areas as immunoassays. A novel immunoassay – silver enhanced goldlabeled immunosorbent assay (SEGLISA)– is described for the detection of specific analytes in human blood. This non-enzymic, non-isotopic immunoassay has been developed from established microtitration technology incorporating the knowledge and use of immunogold-silver staining. This technique is being developed in several formats, ranging from indirect assays for antibody detection to competitive assays for detection of lipoproteins.We describe a sandwich-type SEGLISA for the measurement of human growth hormone. It has been compared with an equivalent commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This novel use of immunogold-silver staining allows an immunoassay that is quick and easy to carry out, is relatively inexpensive, and doesn't suffer from many of the drawbacks associated with immunoassays incorporating enzymic or radioactive labels. The result is permanent and can be read either visually, or quantitatively on a conventional microplate reader. (The J Histotechnol 16:259, 1993)
BIMSERVER.Org – An Open Source IFC Model Server (2010)

In this paper the Open Source IFC model server project bimserver.org is introduced. A brief overview of existing IFC toolkits and model servers both as commercial applications as well as research prototypes is given. An implementation-independent meta-model from current IFC STEP EXPRESS schemas is generated and used as a venture point for a database persistency framework. A model server application is introduced that is based on this framework which enables the storage, maintenance and query of IFC based building information models for the collaboration among different stakeholders.
Multicenter Laboratory Validation of Susceptibility Testing of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> against Classical Second-Line and Newer Antimicrobial Drugs by Using the Radiometric BACTEC 460 Technique and the Proportion Method with Solid Media (1999)

In a large multicenter study involving six major study sites in the United States, Canada, and Europe, the susceptibilities of 272 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to classical second-line antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs (capreomycin, cycloserine, ethionamide, and kanamycin) and newer compounds (amikacin, clofazimine, ofloxacin, and rifabutin) were determined by the radiometric BACTEC 460 procedure and the conventional proportion method on Middlebrook 7H10 agar. Previously established critical concentrations for classical second-line anti-TB drugs were compared with several concentrations in liquid medium to establish equivalence. MICs of newer compounds determined in liquid medium were either the same or up to four times lower than those determined in agar medium. After establishing critical concentrations (breakpoints) in the extended testing of clinical isolates, we obtained an excellent overall correlation between the two systems, with no errors with amikacin, kanamycin, and ofloxacin and very few major or very major errors with the other drugs; however, for cycloserine, no breakpoint concentration could be recommended due to repeatedly inconsistent results by both methods. Based on these data we conclude that the BACTEC 460 procedure is a simple and rapid method requiring 4 to 8 days on average to generate accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results for eight anti-TB drugs other than those considered primary ones. These data not only fill a major gap of knowledge regarding the critical test concentrations of secondary anti-TB drugs but also provide a baseline for future evaluations of M. tuberculosis AST with the more recently developed, nonradiometric broth-based culture systems.
Distributed Illumination Control With Local Sensing and Actuation in Networked Lighting Systems (2012)

We consider the problem of illumination control in a networked lighting system wherein luminaires have local sensing and actuation capabilities. Each luminaire: 1) consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) based light source dimmable by a local controller; 2) is actuated based on sensing information from a presence sensor, that determines occupant presence, and a light sensor, that measures illuminance, within their respective fields of view; and 3) a communication module to exchange control information within a local neighborhood. We consider distributed illumination control in such an intelligent lighting system to achieve presence-adaptive and daylight-integrated spatial illumination rendering. The rendering is specified as target values at the light sensors, and under these constraints, a local controller has to determine the optimum dimming levels of its associated LED luminaire so that the power consumed in rendering is minimized. The formulated optimization problem is a distributed linear programming problem with constraints on exchanging control information within a neighborhood. A distributed optimization algorithm is presented to solve this problem and its stability and convergence are studied. Sufficient conditions, in terms of parameter selection, under which the algorithm can achieve a feasible solution are provided. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in an indoor office setting in terms of achieved illuminance rendering and power savings.
Strategic framework of an energy management of a microgrid with a photovoltaic-based active generator (2009)

By taking into account the fluctuations of renewable energy based power production (photovoltaic panels) and the ancillary services supply to a microgrid (improvement of the availability and capacity of the power from Renewable Energy Source, uninterruptible supply of critical loads, micro grid power quality improvement, peak shaving, load shifting, reactive power supply/compensation etc.), this paper describes an energy management of a micro grid with a PV-based active generator. This energy supervision is implemented into two parts: a central energy management of the microgrid and a local power management in the active generator. Between them information and orders are exchanged. Our energy supervision is organized in different functions. In this paper we present the following functions: the prediction of the power production and the load forecasting; power planning and the real time power regulation.
Information Sharing based on Shaped Object Model (1995)

To achieve flexible information sharing, a new distributed object model, the shaped object model, has been proposed. The key features of this model are the separation of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) from the object itself, and the employment of a script language for defining and distributing the GUI part. With this model, the object can be easily distributed and shared among the users. The paper describes its concept, the required software architecture, and the experimental implementation using Mach microkernel and Tcl/Tk (Tool command language/Tool kit) script language.
Asymmetric Synthesis of an (<i>R</i>)-Cyanohydrin Using Enzymes Entrapped in Lens-Shaped Gels (2001)

[structure: see text] A novel synthesis of (R)-cyanohydrins is described which is based on the use of cross-linked and subsequently poly(vinyl alcohol)-entrapped (R)-oxynitrilases. These immobilized lens-shaped biocatalysts have a well-defined macroscopic size in the mm range, show no catalyst leaching, and can be recycled efficiently. Furthermore, this immobilization method is cheap and the entrapped (R)-oxynitrilases gave similar good results compared with those of free enzymes. The (R)-cyanohydrin was obtained in good yields and with high enantioselectivities of up to >99% ee.
[Experimental study on forms of microcirculation of arterialized venous flap in rabbits]. (2002)

It is the main form of microcirculation in early stage that blood flows from venule to draining venule by way of communicating networks between venules.
Photographic Use of Electrical Discharge Flashtubes (1946)

Xenon-filled gaseous discharge tubes flashed from energy stored in electrical capacitors are very useful converters of electrical energy into light, for both visual and photographic purposes. The efficiency for a typical tube is about 40 lumens per watt for rated conditions. Measured values of light output and efficiency as functions of energy input are given for the FT-14 flashtube. A method of measuring the integrated light output is described, as well as typical circuits and electrical conditions. The xenon electrical flashtube is particularly useful for color photography since its spectral distribution is similar to that of daylight and since the spectral distribution and efficiency are not appreciably affected by voltage or life. The quantity of light is predictable in terms of energy input from the storage capacitor. The flashtube is proposed as a standard lamp, especially for flash comparison. An approximate relationship useful for calculating the photographic exposure factor or guide factor (distance × aperture) is given in terms of energy in the condenser, the type of reflector used, and film speed.
Thiapen chemistry. 2. Synthesis of 1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene-2,5-dione (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiapen chemistry. 2. Synthesis of 1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene-2,5-dioneR. R. Schumaker and E. M. EnglerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 16, 5521–5522Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00458a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00458a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views744Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement and compensation of defocusing and aberrations by Fourier processing of electron micrographs (1971)

Abstract The effects of defocusing and spherical aberration in the electron microscope image are most simply and directly displayed in the Fourier transform of the image. We have investigated the process of image formation by determining the changes in the transform of the image of a thin crystal of catalase, which has discrete diffraction maxima in the resolution range of 10 to 2.5 nm, as a function of defocusing. The changes in amplitude and phase of these diffraction maxima have been measured and compared with the predictions of a first-order theory of image formation. The theory is generally confirmed, and the transfer function of the microscope is completely determined by finding the relative contributions from phase and amplitude contrast. A ‘true’ maximum contrast image of the catalase crystal, compensated for the effects of defocusing, is reconstructed from the set of micrographs in the focal series. The relation of this compensated image to individual underfocused micrographs, and the use of underfocus contrast enhancement in conventional electron microscopy, are discussed. This approach and the experimental methods can be extended to high resolution in order to compensate for spherical aberration as well as defocusing. In as much as spherical aberration is the factor presently limiting the resolution of electron lenses, this could provide a considerable extension of the resolution of the electron microscope.
A compact optical device for eye-length measurement (1993)

A simple, compact optical device based on optical coherence domain reflectometry (OCDR) is presented. This device is capable of measuring eye-length with high accuracy in a noncontact fashion. Compared to previously reported optical methods, this technique is simpler in configuration, easier to operate, and requires a much lower probing optical power. Preliminary experimental results on a model eye are given to illustrate the operation of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Situ STEM-EELS Observation of Nanoscale Interfacial Phenomena in All-Solid-State Batteries (2016)

Behaviors of functional interfaces are crucial factors in the performance and safety of energy storage and conversion devices. Indeed, solid electrode-solid electrolyte interfacial impedance is now considered the main limiting factor in all-solid-state batteries rather than low ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte. Here, we present a new approach to conducting in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in order to uncover the unique interfacial phenomena related to lithium ion transport and its corresponding charge transfer. Our approach allowed quantitative spectroscopic characterization of a galvanostatically biased electrochemical system under in situ conditions. Using a LiCoO2/LiPON/Si thin film battery, an unexpected structurally disordered interfacial layer between LiCoO2 cathode and LiPON electrolyte was discovered to be inherent to this interface without cycling. During in situ charging, spectroscopic characterization revealed that this interfacial layer evolved to form highly oxidized Co ions species along with lithium oxide and lithium peroxide species. These findings suggest that the mechanism of interfacial impedance at the LiCoO2/LiPON interface is caused by chemical changes rather than space charge effects. Insights gained from this technique will shed light on important challenges of interfaces in all-solid-state energy storage and conversion systems and facilitate improved engineering of devices operated far from equilibrium.
Effect of castration and sex hormone treatment on survival, anti-nucleic acid antibodies, and glomerulonephritis in NZB/NZW F1 mice. (1978)

NZB/NZW F1 mice of both sexes were castrated at 2 wk of age and implanted subcutaneously with silastic tubes containing either 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone or estradiol-17-beta. Mice receiving androgen showed improved survival, reduced anti-nucleic acid antibodies, or less evidence of glomerulonephritis as determined by light, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopy. By contrast, opposite effects were observed in castrated mice receiving estrogen. Intact male NZB/NZW F1 mice received androgen implants at 8 mo, an age when they develop an accelerated autoimmune disease associated with a decline in serum testosterone concentration. Such treated mice had improved survival and reduced concentrations of antibodies to DNA and to polyadenylic acid (Poly A). Prepubertal castration of male NZB/NZW F1 mice results in an earlier appearance of IgG antibodies to Poly A. This effect of castration was prevented if neonatal thymectomy was also performed.
Metal complexes with biologically important ligands. 62. Platinum(II) complexes of 3-(2-aminoethoxy)estrone and -estradiol (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal complexes with biologically important ligands. 62. Platinum(II) complexes of 3-(2-aminoethoxy)estrone and -estradiolJanina Altman, Thais Castrillo, Wolfgang Beck, Guenther Bernhardt, and Helmut SchoenenbergerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 21, 4085–4088Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00021a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00021a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Shear-Stress-Induced Conformational Changes of von Willebrand Factor in a Water–Glycerol Mixture Observed with Single Molecule Microscopy (2014)

The von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a human plasma protein that plays a key role in the initiation of the formation of thrombi under high shear stress in both normal and pathological situations. It is believed that VWF undergoes a conformational transition from a compacted, globular to an extended form at high shear stress. In this paper, we develop and employ an approach to visualize the large-scale conformation of VWF in a (pressure-driven) Poiseuille flow of water-glycerol buffers with wide-field single molecule fluorescence microscopy as a function of shear stress. Comparison of the imaging results for VWF with the results of a control with λ-phage double-stranded DNA shows that the detection of individual VWF multimers in flow is feasible. A small fraction of VWF multimers are observed as visibly extended along one axis up to lengths of 2.0 μm at high applied shear stresses. The size of this fraction of molecules seems to exhibit an apparent dependency on shear stress. We further demonstrate that the obtained results are independent of the charge of the fluorophore used to label VWF. The obtained results support the hypothesis of the conformational extension of VWF in shear flow.
MYC as Therapeutic Target for Embryonal Tumors: Potential and Challenges (2015)

The MYC family plays essential roles during brain development and their oncogenic deregulation is implicated in the formation of embryonal neural tumors such as medulloblastomas (MB) and neuroblastoma (NB). Amplification of the MYCN is the predominant marker for aggressive NB and correlates with poor prognosis, while c-MYC overexpression is a defining feature of MB subgroups inflected with aggressive biological behavior and increased likelihood of metastasis. Not surprisingly MYC has emerged as an attractive target for pediatric neural cancer therapy. However despite three decades of intensive research in MYC biology and an impressive number of 30,000 publications, inhibition of MYC as therapeutic strategy remains an elusive goal in cancer medicine. This review discusses the potential and challenges of targeting the oncogenic effects of MYC as therapeutic strategy for MYC over-expressing embryonal neural tumors where current therapies are inadequate.
Low-Power Scan Operation in Test Compression Environment (2009)

This paper presents a new and comprehensive low-power test scheme compatible with a test compression environment. The key contribution of this paper is a flexible test-application framework that achieves significant reductions in switching activity during all phases of scan test: loading, capture, and unloading. In particular, we introduce a new on-chip continuous-flow decompressor. Its synergistic use with a power-aware scan controller allows a significant reduction of toggling rates when feeding scan chains with decompressed test patterns. While the proposed solution requires minimal modifications of the existing design for test logic, experiments indicate that its use results in a low switching activity which reduces power consumption to or below a level of a functional mode. It resolves problems related to power dissipation, voltage drop, and increased temperature. Our approach integrates seamlessly with test logic synthesis flow, and it does not compromise compression ratios. It fits well into various design paradigms, including modular design flow where blocks come with individual decompressors and compactors.
Unsupervised methods for developing taxonomies by combining syntactic and statistical information (2003)

This paper describes an unsupervised algorithm for placing unknown words into a taxonomy and evaluates its accuracy on a large and varied sample of words. The algorithm works by first using a large corpus to find semantic neighbors of the unknown word, which we accomplish by combining latent semantic analysis with part-of-speech information. We then place the unknown word in the part of the taxonomy where these neighbors are most concentrated, using a class-labelling algorithm developed especially for this task. This method is used to reconstruct parts of the existing Word-Net database, obtaining results for common nouns, proper nouns and verbs. We evaluate the contribution made by part-of-speech tagging and show that automatic filtering using the class-labelling algorithm gives a fourfold improvement in accuracy.