gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From type 2 diabetes to antioxidant activity: a systematic review of the safety and efficacy of common and cassia cinnamon barkThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products. (2007)

Common (Cinnamomum verum, C. zeylanicum) and cassia (C. aromaticum) cinnamon have a long history of use as spices and flavouring agents. A number of pharmacological and clinical effects have been observed with their use. The objective of this study was to systematically review the scientific literature for preclinical and clinical evidence of safety, efficacy, and pharmacological activity of common and cassia cinnamon. Using the principles of evidence-based practice, we searched 9 electronic databases and compiled data according to the grade of evidence found. One pharmacological study on antioxidant activity and 7 clinical studies on various medical conditions were reported in the scientific literature including type 2 diabetes (3), Helicobacter pylori infection (1), activation of olfactory cortex of the brain (1), oral candidiasis in HIV (1), and chronic salmonellosis (1). Two of 3 randomized clinical trials on type 2 diabetes provided strong scientific evidence that cassia cinnamon demonstrates a therapeutic effect in reducing fasting blood glucose by 10.3%-29%; the third clinical trial did not observe this effect. Cassia cinnamon, however, did not have an effect at lowering glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). One randomized clinical trial reported that cassia cinnamon lowered total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides; the other 2 trials, however, did not observe this effect. There was good scientific evidence that a species of cinnamon was not effective at eradicating H. pylori infection. Common cinnamon showed weak to very weak evidence of efficacy in treating oral candidiasis in HIV patients and chronic salmonellosis.
Models of Visceral Nociception (1999)

Pains arising from the viscera constitute a large portion of clinically treated pains. They are characterized by poor localization; immobility with tonic increases in muscle tone; and vigorous but nonspecific changes in autonomic function, such as changes in respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure. Tissue-damaging stimuli do not reliably produce visceral pain, so the study of visceral nociception in nonhuman animals requires identification of appropriate stimuli and responses. This article defines "noxious" visceral stimuli as those that produce pain in humans, result in aversive behaviors in animals, and evoke responses that are inhibited by manipulations known to be analgesic in humans. To be valid, the measured responses must be reliable, inhibited by known analgesics, and not inhibited by nonanalgesics. Using these criteria as measures of validity, the author examined several visceral pain models. The writhing test (application of intraperitoneal irritants) failed to meet these criteria; however, responses to small bowel distension, colonic-rectal distension, artificial ureteral calculosis, urinary tract distension, and the intravesical application of irritants met most, if not all, of the criteria. Other models, such as responses to biliary system distension, to reproductive organ stimulation, to the focal application of algesic agents onto various viscera, and to ischemic stimuli, met some of these criteria. This information should assist readers in decisions related to the use of visceral pain models.
Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Metallo-Ene Reactions Using Allylic Sulfones as Enophiles. (1994)

Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular metallo-ene reactions were studied using allylic sulfones as enophiles. Palladium-catalyzed reactions of allylic acetates and methyl carbonates bearing allylic sulfones at appropriate sites were carried out in acetic acid at 80°C to give cyclized products, cyclohexane derivatives, with extremely high diastereoselectivity. The stereochemistry of these reactions was examined under various reaction conditions using several model compounds.
Cross-Layer Estimation and Control for Cognitive Radio: Exploiting Sparse Network Dynamics (2015)

In this paper, a cross-layer framework to jointly optimize spectrum sensing and access in agile wireless networks is presented. A network of secondary users (SUs) accesses portions of the spectrum left unused by a network of licensed primary users (PUs). A central controller (CC) schedules the traffic of the SUs, based on distributed compressed measurements collected by the SUs. Sensing and access are jointly controlled to maximize the SU throughput, with constraints on PU throughput degradation and SU cost. The sparsity in the spectrum dynamics is exploited: leveraging a prior spectrum occupancy estimate, the CC needs to estimate only a residual uncertainty vector via sparse recovery techniques. The high complexity entailed by the POMDP formulation is reduced by a low-dimensional belief representation via minimization of the Kullback-Leibler divergence. It is proved that the optimization of spectrum sensing and access can be decoupled via dynamic programming. A partially myopic access strategy is proposed, proving that it allocates SU traffic to likely idle spectral bands. Simulation results show that this framework balances optimally the resources between spectrum sensing and data transmission. More in general, this framework defines sensing-scheduling schemes most informative for network control, yielding energy efficient resource utilization.
PML clastosomes prevent nuclear accumulation of mutant ataxin-7 and other polyglutamine proteins (2006)

The pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 and other neurodegenerative polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders correlates with the aberrant accumulation of toxic polyQ-expanded proteins in the nucleus. Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies are often present in polyQ aggregates, but their relation to pathogenesis is unclear. We show that expression of PML isoform IV leads to the formation of distinct nuclear bodies enriched in components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These bodies recruit soluble mutant ataxin-7 and promote its degradation by proteasome-dependent proteolysis, thus preventing the aggregate formation. Inversely, disruption of the endogenous nuclear bodies with cadmium increases the nuclear accumulation and aggregation of mutant ataxin-7, demonstrating their role in ataxin-7 turnover. Interestingly, beta-interferon treatment, which induces the expression of endogenous PML IV, prevents the accumulation of transiently expressed mutant ataxin-7 without affecting the level of the endogenous wild-type protein. Therefore, clastosomes represent a potential therapeutic target for preventing polyQ disorders.
Cherenkov Light as a Current Density Diagnostic for Large Area, Repetitively Pulsed Electron Beams (1983)

Cherenkov light intensity is an ideal electron beam current density diagnostic, giving information about the beam's spatial distribution as a function of time during a pulse. It is free of the fluorescence and saturation often observed in scintillators provided a suitable radiator is chosen. Plate glass has been used for single pulse applications. For repetitively pulsed beams a flowing liquid radiator is used to reduce problems arising from heating and decomposition of the material. Light output is sufficient to study 1 A/cm2, 250 kV beams with ASA 3000 speed film. Streak photography also appears possible.
Band theory and Mott insulators: Hubbard<i>U</i>instead of Stoner<i>I</i> (1991)

We propose a form for the exchange-correlation potential in local-density band theory, appropriate for Mott insulators. The idea is to use the ``constrained-local-density-approximation'' Hubbard parameter U as the quantity relating the single-particle potentials to the magnetic- (and orbital-) order parameters. Our energy functional is that of the local-density approximation plus the mean-field approximation to the remaining part of the U term. We argue that such a method should make sense, if one accepts the Hubbard model and the success of constrained-local-density-approximation parameter calculations. Using this ab initio scheme, we find that all late-3d-transition-metal monoxides, as well as the parent compounds of the high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ compounds, are large-gap magnetic insulators of the charge-transfer type. Further, the method predicts that ${\mathrm{LiNiO}}_{2}$ is a low-spin ferromagnet and NiS a local-moment p-type metal. The present version of the scheme fails for the early-3d-transition-metal monoxides and for the late 3d transition metals.
Application of turbo-codes to a CDMA mobile radio system using joint detection and antenna diversity (2002)

In order to guarantee communication links of sufficient quality, channel coding is required in mobile radio systems. A novel class of binary parallel concatenated recursive systematic convolutional codes termed turbo-codes allowing a near Shannon limit performance without affecting the data rate was proposed and investigated for additive white Gaussian noise channels. Using a simple turbo-code based on a 16-state recursive systematic convolutional code, the authors demonstrate the applicability of turbo-codes to a CDMA mobile radio system using joint detection and coherent receiver antenna diversity. The considered turbo-code is tailored to the delay requirements of voice communications. Furthermore, the performance advantage of this turbo-code over a regular convolutional code is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A human alloreactive inducer T cell clone that selectively activates antigen-specific suppressor T cells. (1984)

We showed previously that T cells with the phenotype Leu-3+,8+ are required for the induction of antigen-specific Leu-2+ suppressor cells. Furthermore, when mixed lymphocyte reactions are carried out in the presence of 1 microgram/ml cyclosporin A (CsA), such cultures lead preferentially to the activation of alloantigen-specific suppressor-inducer Leu-3+,8+ cells. In an attempt to generate a clone of T cells with such specific suppressor-inducer properties, we activated Leu-3+,8+ T cells with allogeneic (HLA-DR4+) lymphocytes in the presence of CsA. Clone SP-21, derived by propagating such activated T cells with conditioned medium containing IL 2, is a noncytotoxic, nonsuppressor clone that specifically proliferates to allogeneic cells bearing HLA-DR4 antigen. When cultured with fresh autologous Leu-2+ cells in the absence of HLA-DR4+ cells, clone SP-21 selectively activates Leu-2+ suppressor cells, which inhibit the response of fresh Leu-3+ cells to DR4+ stimulator cells. On the other hand, clone SP-21 fails to induce cytolytic T cells or to help B cell differentiation. These results demonstrate that a T cell clone with a remarkably narrow functional repertoire nonetheless contains and transmits all of the signals necessary for the activation of antigen-specific suppressor cells.
BPDA2d—a 2D global optimization-based Bayesian peptide detection algorithm for liquid chromatograph–mass spectrometry (2011)

The BPDA2d software package is available at http://gsp.tamu.edu/Publications/supplementary/sun11a/.
WHEELCHAIR SECUREMENT ON BUS AND PARATRANSIT VEHICLES (1981)

After entering a public transit bus, most wheelchair users cannot readily transfer from chairs to regular passenger seats. Even for those who can make the transfer, there is no place for them to store their chairs during transit. Space and a wheelchair securement system must be provided on public transit buses so that both wheelchair users and other passengers can be transported safely while the wheelchair users remain in their chairs. This report presents and discusses data from 42 dynamic crash tests conducted with wheelchairs, occupied by anthropomorphic dummies, to determine the performance of wheelchairs using 12 different types of securement systems. Both manual and electric powered chairs were used in the tests. Forward, rearward, and sidefacing orientations were represented.
Copolymerization of propylene with higher α‐olefins in the presence of the syndiospecific catalyst <i>i</i>‐Pr(Cp)(9‐Flu)ZrCl<sub>2</sub>/MAO (2001)

Abstract The catalyst system i ‐Pr(Cp)(9‐Flu)ZrCl 2 /methylaluminoxane was used for the synthesis of random syndiotactic copolymers of propylene with 1‐hexene, 1‐dodecene, and 1‐octadecene as comonomers. An investigation of the microstructure by 13 C NMR spectroscopy revealed that the stereoregularity of the copolymers decreased because of an increase in skipped insertions in the presence of the higher 1‐olefin. The melting temperature of the copolymers, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), decreased linearly with increasing comonomer content independently of the comonomer nature. During the DSC heating cycle, an exothermic peak indicating a crystallization process was observed. The decrease in the crystallization temperature with higher 1‐olefin content, measured by crystallization analysis fractionation, indicated a small but significant dependence on the nature of the comonomer. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 128–140, 2002
Suppression of chromosome segregation defects of <i>Escherichia coli</i> <i>muk</i> mutants by mutations in topoisomerase I (2000)

Escherichia coli muk mutants are temperature-sensitive and produce anucleate cells. A spontaneously occurring mutation was found in a DeltamukBkan mutant strain that suppressed the temperature-sensitive phenotype and mapped in or near topA, the gene that encodes topoisomerase I. Previously characterized topA mutations, topA10 and topA66, were found to be general suppressors of muk mutants: they suppressed temperature sensitivity and anucleate cell production of cells containing null or point mutations in mukB and null mutations in mukE or mukF. The suppression correlated with excess negative supercoiling by DNA gyrase, and the gyrase inhibitor, coumermycin, reversed it. Defects in topA allow 99% of cell division events in muk null mutants to proceed without chromosome loss or loss of cell viability. This observation imposes important limitations on models for Muk activity and is consistent with a role for MukBEF in chromosome folding and DNA condensation.
Effects of intrathecal antibodies to substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide and galanin on repeated cold stress-induced hyperalgesia: comparison with carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia (1992)

Rats exposed to a cold environment (4 degrees C) for 30 min every 1 h during the day and at night show a gradual decrease in the nociceptive threshold for pressure stimulation. Such hyperalgesia, referred to as repeated cold stress (RCS)-induced hyperalgesia, is stable for at least 4 h and maintained for 3 days only by exposing to cold overnight; thus, no adaptation to RCS is apparent. Hyperalgesia gradually returns over 4 days after cold exposure ceases. To determine whether three neuropeptides, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and galanin (GAL), which are present in the superficial dorsal horn including primary afferent terminals, would be responsible for RCS-induced hyperalgesia, we examined the effects of intrathecal injections of their antibodies (used as inhibitors of neuropeptide-mediated synaptic transmission) on the nociceptive threshold of RCS rats, and compared this with the antibody effect on carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia. An intrathecal injection of anti-SP antibody significantly inhibited the hyperalgesia of RCS rats as well as carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia, and slightly increased the nociceptive threshold of non-RCS rats. Anti-CGRP antibody produced an improvement in the hyperalgesia of RCS rats as well as carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia without having an effect on the nociceptive threshold of non-RCS rats. Although anti-GAL antibody significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia, it did not affect the nociceptive threshold of RCS and non-RCS rats. The present results suggest that enhancement of synaptic transmission mediated by SP and CGRP, but not GAL, in the spinal dorsal horn is, at least in part, involved in RCS-induced hyperalgesia.
Coal combustion by-products utilization manual. Volume 1. Evaluating the utilization option. Final report (1984)

The Coal Combustion By-Products Utilization Manual presents a procedure for use by utility company personnel in assessing the feasibility of by-product utilization for individual utility circumstances. In achieving the objective of a manual, coal combustion by-product utilization is documented both regionally and nationally. A basic systems approach to developing a by-products utilization management plan is presented at the outset of the Manual, identifying the major decision making steps. Each subsequent Manual section highlights a particular step in the management plan, discussing in detail its principal components and state-of-the-art technological developments. Coal combustion by-product utilization practices can vary depending on the inherent by-product characteristics. For this reason, the Manual differentiates between Class F fly ash (normally produced from bituminous and anthracite coals) and Class C fly ash (normally produced from subbituminous and lignite coals), where applicable. The final two Manual sections refine the overall utilization management plan into a specific procedure to assess the feasibility of any given power station utilization program. After the procedure is theoretically presented and discussed, it is applied at an existing utility power station as a test case study analysis. Volume 2 presents an annotated bibliography of all references used in the development of this Manual.more » Also included are publications not referenced in Volume 1 which could be used for more detailed information. 46 figures, 109 tables.« less
Growth of High‐Quality, Thickness‐Reduced Zeolite Membranes towards N<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> Separation Using High‐Aspect‐Ratio Seeds (2015)

Greatly improved zeolite membranes were prepared by using high-aspect-ratio zeolite seeds. Slice-shaped seeds with a high aspect ratio (AR) facilitated growth of thinner continuous SAPO-34 membranes of much higher quality. These membranes showed N2 permeances as high as (2.87±0.15)×10(-7) mol m(-2) s(-1) Pa(-1) at 22 °C while maintaining a decent N2 /CH4 selectivity (9-11.2 for equimolar mixture). On the basis of these thinner high-quality SAPO-34 membranes, fine-tuning the local crystal structure by incorporating more silicon further increased the N2 permeance by 1.4 times without sacrificing the N2 /CH4 selectivity. We expect that application of large AR zeolite seeds might be a viable strategy to grow thin high-quality zeolite membranes. In addition, fine-tuning of the crystal structure by changing the crystal composition might be a feasible way for further improving the separating performance of high-quality zeolite membranes.
Targeted Disruption of Histamine H1-Receptor Attenuates Regulatory Effects of Leptin on Feeding, Adiposity, and UCP Family in Mice (2001)

Histamine neurons are widely distributed in the brain and suppress food intake through the histamine H1 receptor (H1-R) in the hypothalamus. To examine the role of neuronal histamine in leptin signaling pathways, we investigated the effects of H1-R knockout (H1KO) mice on both food intake and mRNA expressions of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) as regulated by leptin, and concomitantly on basal changes in both expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and diet-induced fat deposition in adipose tissues. H1KO mice showed no change in daily food intake, growth curve, body weight, or adiposity. Reflecting no specificity in these parameters, H1KO mice induced no basal changes in mRNA expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides, ob gene, or peripheral UCPs. Loading H1KO mice with a high-fat diet accelerated fat deposition and ob gene expression compared with the controls. Leptin-induced feeding suppression was partially attenuated in H1KO mice, indicating involvement of histamine neurons in feeding regulation as a downstream signal of leptin. Upregulation of fat UCP mRNA and reduction of body fat induced by central infusion of leptin were attenuated in the H1KO mice. These results show that H1KO mice are a novel leptin-resistant model and that H1-R is a key receptor for downstream signaling of leptin in the brain that contributes to regulation of feeding, fat deposition, and UCP mRNA expression.
Studies of FMR Linewidth in Thick YIG Films Grown by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (1974)

Epitaxial films of YIG, in the thickness range 2 μm to 100 μm, have been grown on GGG substrates by liquid phase epitaxy. Ferromagnetic resonance linewidths have been measured using the bandstop filter and cavity resonance techniques. Linewidth measurements of the principal resonance in thick YIG films are complicated by the excitation of magnetostatic modes almost degenerate with the principal resonance. This problem is reduced in the bandstop filter by the matching of electromagnetic fields to the principal magnetostatic mode due to strong coupling. Increased coupling results in frequency translation of the principal resonance into a region of low magnetostatic mode density. Under these circumstances, linewidths of as low as 0.06 Oe have been measured. Planar, high Q, high rejection microwave bandstop filters have been developed which have characteristics significantly better than dielectric resonator filters.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Electrospun <scp> <scp> TiO <sub>2</sub> </scp> </scp> Nanofibers with Optimal Anatase/Rutile Ratio (2011)

By way of electrospinning followed by annealing at different temperatures, TiO 2 nanofibers with different phases have been successfully fabricated. The corresponding ultraviolet photocatalytic activity was evaluated using rhodamine B degradation as a probe reaction. The photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 nanofibers is found to be enhanced when annealed at higher temperatures with amount of anatase phase transformed to rutile. An optimal annealing temperature exists on the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 nanofibers, which increases with the increasing of the calcination temperature up to 600°C and then decreases. According to their phase transformations monitored by X ‐ray diffraction, the different crystalline structures could be the reason for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of these electrospun TiO 2 nanofibers.
Assessment of biodegradable controlled release rod systems for pain relief applications (2002)

Control of chronic, severe pain is a difficult and important clinical problem for most patients, especially those with cancer. Although current applications are insufficient for a satisfactory solution to this problem, the rate of disease incidence is increasing worldwide, thus making the problem more apparent. Based on this fact, this study was designed with the ultimate goal of formulating a controlled release system of pain relievers, mainly opioids, for the local treatment of pain to achieve satisfactory, fast, and less side effect-related relief and to provide a better life status for chronic pain patients. Two copolymers of a biodegradable polymer poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were used to prepare an implantable rod type drug release system containing either an analgesic or anesthetic type of pain reliever. In vitro drug release kinetics of these systems were studied. It was observed that release from PLGA 85 : 15 was more zero-order than it was from PLGA 50 : 50. A zero-order release rate was obtained for codeine, hydromorphone, and bupivacaine from PLGA (85 : 15) rods. They, however, were released from PLGA (50 : 50) rods with Higuchi kinetics. The drug solubility was also influential on release rate, as shown by the zero-order morphine release from PLGA (50 : 50) rods. Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of the monolithic rods revealed erosion of the rods and the removal of drug crystals from the rod structure.