gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
i-Miner: a Web usage mining framework using hierarchical intelligent systems (2004)

Recently Web mining has become a hot research topic, which combines two of the prominent research areas comprising of data mining and the World Wide Web (WWW). Web usage mining attempts to discover useful knowledge from the secondary data obtained from the interactions of the users with the Web. Web usage mining has become very critical for effective Web site management, business and support services, personalization, network traffic flow analysis and so on. Our previous study on Web usage mining using a concurrent neuro-fuzzy approach has shown that the usage trend analysis very much depends on the performance of the clustering of the number of requests. In this paper, a novel approach 'intelligent-miner' (i-Miner) is introduced to optimize the concurrent architecture of a fuzzy clustering algorithm (to discover data clusters) and a fuzzy inference system to analyze the trends. In the concurrent neuro-fuzzy approach, self-organizing maps were used to cluster the Web user requests. A hybrid evolutionary FCM approach is proposed in this paper to optimally segregate similar user interests. The clustered data is then used to analyze the trends using a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference system learned using a combination of evolutionary algorithm and neural network learning. Empirical results clearly shows that the proposed technique is efficient with lesser number of if-then rules and improved accuracy at the expense of complicated algorithms and extra computational cost.
The Implementation of a Continuous Controller via a Discrete Valued Controller (1991)

A procedure for implementing a continuous controller, the output of which may vary within a continuous range of values, by means of a discrete controller, of which the output may only be given a discrete set of values, is presented. The theoretical development is based on the variable structure systems approach and is complemented with an analytical and experimental study of a position servomechanism with an elastic transmission. Relevant properties of the ensuing feedback system are discussed under both nominal and perturbed operating conditions. Preliminary simulation and experimental results suggest the procedure to be reliable, easy to implement and practically feasible.
2019 CAD Contest: LEF/DEF Based Global Routing (2019)

In advanced nodes, routing has become more and more complicated. The ISPD-2018 and ISPD-2019 Initial Detailed Routing Contests [10] [11] were held to bridge the detailed routing gap between academia and industry by releasing benchmarks using industry tool and libraries. The industry-standard LEF/DEF-based benchmark suite has inspired a new generation of large-scale academic implementations of detailed routing frameworks considering complex design rules. At the same time, efforts such as the OpenROAD [1] and the IEEE CEDA DATC Robust Design Flow (RDF) [3] [8] projects aim to provide full RTL-to-GDS flows as the basis for academic research and improved academic-industry interfaces; the former project is moreover developed as open source. In these efforts, routing is clearly one of the most important stages. The ICCAD-2019 LEF/DEF-based open-source global routing contest revisits the global routing topic treated in the ISPD-2007 and ISPD-2008 contests [12] [13], encouraging researchers to contribute open-source global routers that are industry-proven and well-correlated in advanced-node designs.
Toward Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Materials for Separation of Oil/Water Mixtures and Water-in-Oil Emulsions Using Phase Inversion Methods (2018)

In this study, a method that can simultaneously separate oil/water mixtures and water-in-oil emulsions were developed. Various substrates (synthetic polymers and stainless steel meshes) were coated by rough hydrophobic polymer films. The prepared materials possessed superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. These superhydrophobic sponges can isolate extensive amounts of oil from water when connected to a related vacuum framework. Moreover, the superhydrophobic meshes (SHM) can separate both surfactant-free and -stabilized water-in-oil emulsions via gravity with high separation efficiency (oil purity: >99.99%) and flux (up to 4760 L m−2 h−1). The extraordinary performance of our materials and their low-energy, efficient, low-cost preparation propose that they have great potential for real-time applications.
Degradation of organophosphorous nerve agents by enzyme-polymer nanocomposites: Efficient biocatalytic materials for personal protection and large-scale detoxification (2000)

The biocatalytic destruction of organophosphates has become an important focus area, as efficient "clean" technologies are sought for chemical weapons decommissioning, counteracting nerve agent attacks, and protecting against organophosphate pesticide poisoning. A novel method is advanced for immobilizing the broad-spectrum enzyme organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH) from Pseudomonas diminuta, based on the formation of nanocomposite protein-silicone polymers. The resulting materials are highly active, stable, and versatile biocatalysts for the liquid and gas phase detoxification of organophosphates, and can be fabricated as monoliths, sheets, thick films, granulates, or macroporous foams. This approach offers an efficient avenue to robust, high-performance biocatalytic OPH-containing polymers that outperform immobilized OPH catalysts reported to date. The method provides for the first time a route to biocatalytic materials that may be suitable for "active" protective wear, as well as bulk catalysts for the destruction of large volumes of organophosphates. The preparation of OPH-silicone biocomposites, their performances in the liquid and gas phase detoxification of paraoxon, dichlorvos, and diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and their features are discussed.
Assessment of Inspiratory Flow Limitation Invasively and Noninvasively during Sleep (1998)

Abstract To define the standard of airway flow limitation, pharyngeal pressure and flow rate were measured during wakefulness and sleep in seven habitual snorers with widely varying degrees of sleep-induced increases in upper airway resistance. Inspiratory pressure:flow relationships were used to group breaths into four categories of flow limitation, including linear (Level 1), mildly alinear (Level 2), constant flow rate with no pressure dependence (Level 3), and decreasing flow rate throughout significant portions of inspiration, i.e., negative pressure dependence (Level 4). These pressure:flow rate gold standards of flow limitation were used to evaluate a flow limitation index derived from the time profile (or “shape”) of three noninvasive estimates of flow rate: (1) pneumotach flow rate, (2) differentiated sum respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP), and (3) nasal pressure. A nonflow limited template for each of these noninvasive measurements was taken from awake breaths and the difference in area determined between the template breath and each of the noninvasive signals measured during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The noninvasive flow limitation indices were found to be effective in differentiating severe types of inspiratory flow limitation, i.e., Level 1 versus Level 3 or Level 4 (sensitivity/specificity &gt; 80%). On the other hand, these indirect indices were not able to consistently detect mild levels of flow limitation (Level 1 versus Level 2; sensitivity/specificity = 62 to 72%); nor were these noninvasive estimates of flow rate “shape” sensitive to breaths with a high but fixed resistance throughout inspiration. The area index derived from measurements of pressure at the nares (Pn) was the most sensitive, nonperturbing, noninvasive measure of flow rate and flow limitation, and we recommend its use for recognizing most of the common types of moderate to severe levels of airway flow limitation in sleeping subjects.
Research on Culture Development Strategy of Sino-foreign Joint Venture Automobile Manufacturing Enterprises (2021)

Automobile manufacturing enterprises develop fast, focusing on hardware upgrading, quality control and other issues to implement innovation as well. However, looking back on its steady development, its deep “Soft strength”is even more essential in addition to the need to have“Hard strength”. Construction of enterprise culture has become an important way to support enterprise management and become one of the core competitiveness of sustainable development of enterprises. The lag of company culture development is an essential factor that hinders its sustainable development for large sino-foreign joint venture automobile manufacturing enterprises. Corporate culture construction is a systematic, long-term and continuous internalization process. Excellent corporate culture can lead the development of the enterprise continuously, and also can Down to Earth the reality of the enterprise Combined with the new characteristics and problems in the development of Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprises. This paper conducted an in-depth research on the current situation, existing problems and primary cause of the culture construction of SGMW. The optimizing strategy of SGMW culture development is analyzed combining with new development tendency of sino-foreign joint venture automobile manufacturing enterprises and the corresponding requirement of culture progress. This paper proposes the culture construction localization strategy in terms of spirit, system and behavior culture, in order to provide reference and reference for more automobile manufacturing enterprise culture construction.
Natural killer cells and gene therapy: potential of gene transfection for optimizing effector cell functions and for targeting gene products into tumor metastases. (1994)

Fluorescently labeled, adoptively transferred interleukin (IL)-2 activated natural killer (A-NK) cells have the ability to selectively accumulate within established pulmonary or hepatic metastases, binding to tumor cells and/or to microvascular endothelial cells. A-NK cells have also been shown to exert antimetastatic therapy in animal models and in the clinic. Transfection of genes for cytokines or possibly other molecules has the potential to improve the therapeutic potency and efficacy of the effector cells. Gene transfection to induce autocrine production of IL-2 and/or other cytokines is expected to augment their antimetastatic activities, while avoiding toxicity from systemic administration of high doses of cytokines. An alternative or complementary strategy for gene therapy is to transfect A-NK cells with genes for cytotoxic molecules, to selectively target them to metastatic sites.
<i>In Vitro</i>Culture of Wheat and Genetic Transformation — Retrospect and Prospect (1995)

Abstract This review focuses on the improvement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) via tissue and cell culture and its use in gene transfer techniques. Success of the latter critically depends on the ability to regenerate plants from cells or tissues cultured in vitro. Hence, we have devoted attention to the attempts made so far in obtaining regenerants from diverse explants. Although it is known that immature embryos are the best source for initiating morphogenic cultures, basic information related to the process of differentiation can also be gained by studying less responding tissues. The opportunity provided by anther and microspore culture in wheat improvement and the progress made is also presented. To enhance tissue culture responses, identification of chromosomes, gene loci, and genes is of cardinal importance. We have also surveyed the progress made in this regard by conventional but incisive plant-breeding techniques. Gene rearrangements in tissue culture leading to the appearance of somaclonal or gametoclonal variation are of interest in selection of useful cell lines. The last part of the review is devoted to work done on transient gene expression and transformation with emphasis on recent developments.
Ultra‐high‐field MRI of the musculoskeletal system at 7.0T (2007)

High-field (3T) and ultra-high-field (UHF, 7T and above) systems are increasingly being used to explore potential musculoskeletal applications because they provide a high intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), potentially higher resolution (spatial and temporal), and improved contrast. However, imaging at 7T and above presents certain challenges, such as homogeneous radiofrequency (RF) coil design, increased chemical shift artifacts, susceptibility artifacts, RF energy deposition, and changes in relaxation times compared to more typical clinical scanners (1.5 and 3T). Despite these issues, MRI at 7T likely will provide some excellent opportunities for high-resolution morphologic imaging and forays into functional imaging of musculoskeletal systems. In this review we address some of these issues and also demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring high-resolution in vivo images of the musculoskeletal system in healthy human volunteers at 7.0T.
Culture Change - A Tale of Two Cities and Mandatory Court-Connected Mediation (2002)

This is the first study to ask Canadian lawyers to describe in depth what they really think about mediation and the impact it has had on their litigation practices.'3 Their responses are rich, reflective and diverse. Many different understandings of mediation goals within litigation are present in the legal profession itself, and this lack of consensus is reflected in the results of this study. Before explaining the methodology of the study, it is useful to first set out its theoretical premises and to relate these to previous research on the legal profession which offer important insights relevant to the development of mandatory court-connected mediation, and thus to the interpretation of data produced by this study. These premises are: the relationship between ideologies of legal practice and changes in the social and economic environment; the dominance of an adversarial model of lawyering; and the variables produced by so-called "local legal culture."
Demonstration of high-dispersion tolerance of 20-Gbit/s optical duobinary signal generated by a low-pass filtering method (2002)

Waveform distortion due to fiber chromatic dispersion in a high-speed optical transmission system is a serious problem. An effective way to avoid this distortion is the use of an optical duobinary signal, which has only half the spectrum bandwidth of a conventional intensity modulation (IM) signal. For generating optical duobinary signals, two types of modulation schemes are well known; a low-pass filtering (LPF) method and an electrical one-bit delay method. From computer simulation results for both modulation schemes, we have found that the LPF method shows larger suppression for the optical spectrum side-lobes and has more tolerance against the fiber dispersion than the one-bit delay method. Therefore, we employed the LPF method to evaluate dispersion tolerance of the optical duobinary signal. By using a newly developed, high-speed optical duobinary transmitter and receiver, more than 40-km standard fiber [1.3-/spl mu/m zero-dispersion single-mode fiber] transmissions have been demonstrated at 20 Gbit/s. The result indicates the robustness of optical duobinary signals against dispersion in high-capacity, long-distance transmission.
Advances in water quality improvement (1968)

Advances in water quality improvement , Advances in water quality improvement , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
.alpha.-Haloalkanesulfonyl bromides in organic synthesis. 5. Versatile reagents for the synthesis of conjugated polyenes, enones, and 1,3-oxathiole 1,1-dioxides (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Haloalkanesulfonyl bromides in organic synthesis. 5. Versatile reagents for the synthesis of conjugated polyenes, enones, and 1,3-oxathiole 1,1-dioxidesEric. Block, Mohammad. Aslam, Venkatachalam. Eswarakrishnan, Kassu. Gebreyes, John. Hutchinson, Rajeshwari. Iyer, Jean Alex. Laffitte, and Alan. WallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 15, 4568–4580Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00275a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00275a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2235Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Decentralized inter-cell interference coordination by autonomous spectral reuse decisions (2008)

Future wireless packet switched cellular networks will require dense frequency reuse to achieve high capacity. At the same time, measures are required which limit the interference on the frequency carriers. It is assumed that central entities performing the task of interference coordination with global knowledge should be avoided. Rather, distributed algorithms are sought for. To this end, we propose decentralized resource allocation algorithms that enable base stations to select a pool of favorable resources with low interference based on local knowledge only. The actual user-level resource allocation from that pool will then be performed by fast schedulers operating on the preselected resources within each cell. We analyze and evaluate the proposed resource selection algorithms by introducing a simplified wireless network model and applying methods from game theory. Proving the existence of Nash equilibria shows that stable resource allocations can be reached by selfish agents. In addition to that, we perform simulations to determine the speed of convergence and the resulting equilibrium interference levels. By comparing these to an optimal global solution, which is derived by solving an integer linear program, we are able to quantify the efficiency loss of the distributed game approach. It turns out that even though the distributed game results are sub-optimal, the low degree of system complexity and the inherent adaptability make the decentralized approach promising especially for dynamic scenarios.
An empirical study of fault localization for end-user programmers (2005)

End users develop more software than any other group of programmers, using software authoring devices such as e-mail filtering editors, by-demonstration macro builders, and spreadsheet environments. Despite this, there has been little research on finding ways to help these programmers with the dependability of their software. We have been addressing this problem in several ways, one of which includes supporting end-user debugging activities through fault localization techniques. This paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted in an end-user programming environment to examine the impact of two separate factors in fault localization techniques that affect technique effectiveness. Our results shed new insights into fault localization techniques for end-user programmers and the factors that affect them, with significant implications for the evaluation of those techniques.
Self-renewal in culture of proliferative blast progenitor cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia (1979)

We have proposed that colonies of cells with blastlike morphology growing in culture are derived from a blast subpopulation with high proliferative potential. To test whether or not these blast progenitors have the capacity for self-renewal, blast colonies grown from the peripheral blood of the 21 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia were replated; secondary colonies were observed in 17 instances, and these were similar to primary colonies in size, morphology, and culture requirements. Great patient-to-patient variation was observed in the frequency of secondary colonies, but low secondary plating efficiency was significantly correlated with successful remission induction. We conclude that the blast progenitors detected in the assay have at least limited self-renewal capacity and that this capacity may, along with other risk factors, contribute to clinical outcome.
Room-temperature oxidation of a GaAs(001) surface induced by the interaction of hyperthermal atomic oxygen and studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ion scattering spectroscopy (1998)

In this study a hyperthermal oxygen atom source has been used to form an oxide layer on an Ar+-sputtered GaAs(001) surface at room temperature, and this layer has been examined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS). XPS data indicate that the Ga in the near-surface region is oxidized predominantly to Ga2O3 with a significant contribution from GaAsO4 while the As is oxidized predominantly to an AsOx species with significant contributions from As2O3 and GaAsO4 and/or As2O5. The oxide layer thickness is estimated to be about 25 Å, and the XPS Ga:As atom ratio increases from 1.1 to 1.6 during the oxidation. The ISS data indicate that the resulting oxide layer formed is more electrically insulating than a native oxide layer on this surface.
Hydroxycarbamide: a user’s guide for chronic myeloproliferative disorders (2011)

Hydroxycarbamide is a nonalkylating antiproliferative and antiviral agent that has been used for over 40 years to treat a variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. Hydroxycarbamide is readily absorbed and widely distributed throughout the body. It acts primarily to inhibit DNA synthesis, which underpins its use in solid tumors, viral infections and chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Hydroxycarbamide is an effective treatment for preventing transient ischemic attacks associated with thrombocytosis in chronic myeloproliferative disorders because it is a nitric oxide donor. While its mechanism of action and side-effect profile are well defined, its potential for leukemic transformation as a single agent is still a matter of controversy. Based on a search of the Medline database, this article encompasses the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical use and tolerability of hydroxycarbamide, plus its potential for mutagenicity with special reference to the chronic myeloproliferative disorders. The toxicity profile of hydroxycarbamide is also discussed to enable clinicians to balance potential risks with therapeutic benefits.
III-As Pillar Arrays by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching for Photonic Applications (2013)

Ordered arrays of GaAs/InGaAs micro and nanopillars are formed by metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch). The dependence of morphology and etch rate upon temperature, etchant composition, and doping concentration are explored and optical characteristics are discussed.