gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relations between Structure and Function in Cytoplasmic Membrane Vesicles Isolated from an <i>Escherichia coli</i> Fatty‐Acid Auxotroph (1974)

The results presented in this paper establish relationships between structural, morphological and functional properties of cytoplasmic membrane vesicles isolated from an Escherichia coli unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph. The membranes were isolated from cells grown in the presence of either oleic, linoleic, linolenic or elaidic acids. High‐angle X‐ray diffraction studies show that the order‐disorder transitions induced by temperature variations and associated with the paraffin chains of the lipids are a function of the fatty acid composition of the membranes. In some cases “cocrystallization” of various lipid species takes place within a single type of ordered domains. In other cases there is segregation of various lipid species into more than one distinct type of ordered domain. The various order‐disorder transitions observed induce morphological changes in the hydrophobic core of the membranes which can be detected by freeze‐etch electron microscopy. A random distribution of particles on the fracture faces is observed when the paraffin chains of the lipids are disordered. Upon ordering of the paraffin chains, particles are excluded from the ordered domains and as a consequence, smooth areas and areas with densely packed particles are observed. The ratio of the smooth surface to particulated surface is proportional to the amount of ordered paraffin chains present. Moreover, the size of the smooth domains is a function of the fatty acid composition of the membranes. Discontinuities in the rate of d ‐lactate‐dependent proline uptake as a function of temperature correlate with the order‐disorder transitions observed. The high energies of activation at low temperatures are attributed to decreased mobility of the carrier proteins upon aggregation. In contrast, phospho enol pyruvate‐dependent vectorial phosphorylation does not respond to the ordering of the paraffin chains.
Discovery of nanocrystalline botanical magnetite (2001)

Based on transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction observations, we report the discovery of nanocrystalline botanical magnetite in iron-rich extracts from disrupted grass cells. The majority of the magnetite nanocrystals extracted from the grass plants display cubo-octahedral shapes, with a minority of hexagonal prism morphologies. In addition to the constrained morphologies, each group has a narrow size distribution typical of intracellular-boundary organized biomineralization processes responsible for bacterial magnetite. The smallest cubo-octahedral botanical nanocrystals (4 ± 1 nm) are an order of magnitude smaller than their bacterial counterparts. These botanical nanocrystals are self-organized in ordered, micrometer-sized agglomerates, distinct from magnetite strings in magnetotactic bacteria and similar to some pedogenic magnetite currently attributed to inorganic processes. We discuss the implications of our findings on the search for magnetite records of extraterrestrial and ancient terrestrial life, the origin of the terrestrial topsoil magnetite, and the potential for bioremediation using botanical magnetite.
La brecha entre lo óntico y lo ontológico: El problema de las implicancias ético-políticas en la Genealogía de M. Foucault y en la Teoría de la Hegemonía de E. Laclau y Ch. Mouffe (2009)

Desde que las corrientes antiesencialistas y postestructuralistas han criticado el marco epistemológico moderno, concomitantemente han surgido las preguntas sobre las implicancias políticas y el status de estas críticas. De esta manera, se han formulado las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cuál es la direccionalidad ético-política que se deriva del debilitamiento ontológico de los metarrelatos elaborados en la Modernidad? La crítica antiesencialista/postestructuralista de la historia, ¿no debería restringirse a un nivel óntológico, perdiendo utilidad en el nivel óntico en donde se desarrolla la política y la ética? ¿Puede lo político instanciarse en la política? En el presente artículo, proponemos esbozar el modo en que la Genealogía de M. Foucault y la T. de la Hegemonía de E. Laclau y Ch. Mouffe dan respuesta a aquellos interrogantes. Coherentemente con las estructuras de las preguntas planteadas, las alternativas de respuesta han sido dos en términos generales. Por un lado, aquellas que privilegian el perfil ontológicamente redescriptivo de la Genealogía y de la T. de la Hegemonía, resaltando la neutralidad valorativa de estas o su incapacidad para proponer una sociedad mejor. Por otro lado, encontramos aquellos autores, entre los que se ubicaría Foucault, Laclau y Mouffe, quienes remarcan el perfil ético-político de la Genealogía y la T. de la Hegemonía y, por lo tanto, sus claras implicancias políticas.
Piezoelectric ultrasonic micro-motor system for minimally invasive surgery - the Intellimotor (2012)

True micro-motor systems capable of direct and immediate integration are needed in order to advance the technological state and effectiveness of existing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) equipment. In this study, a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) piezoelectric ultrasonic micro-motor is reported, with a major diameter of only 350 μm; the Intellimotor. Upon integrating the micro-motor with a MIS micro-guidewire, a severe loss of actuation performance to the point of inoperability was observed, due to a detrimental loss of acoustic energy from the micro-motor. To combat this, two diameter 300 μm waveguide micro-Bragg reflectors (micro-BRs) were developed. A prototype micro-BR was constructed and tested to verify the ability to reflect otherwise lost acoustic energy, thereby enabling the integration of a resonant micro-actuator, such as the Intellimotor, with standard MIS equipment.
A novel fabrication method of embedded micro channels employing simple UV dosage control and antireflection coating (2003)

This paper proposes a novel method to fabricate multi-layers of embedded micro fluidic structures by simply employing time-controlled UV exposure on thick SU-8 resist and an anti-reflection coating on the bottom surface to eliminate the reflection light induced exposure. Test results show that the top wall thickness of embedded channels can be well controlled to a resolution of 2 /spl mu/m for a UV dose of 120-190 mJ/cm/sup 2/. Stacked channels have also been successfully fabricated and show no interference on the bottom structures when exposing the top structures. This simple and inexpensive method can be applied to fabricate multi-layers of complex fluidic systems, for applications such as /spl mu/TAS, inkjet printheads, capillary electrophoresis, and micro PCR.
Detection of mycoplasmal infections in blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1999)

The results suggest that a high percentage of RA patients have systemic mycoplasmal infections. Systemic mycoplasmal infections may be an important cofactor in the pathogenesis of RA, and their role needs to be explored further.
Lymphoproliferative Disorder in CTLA-4 Knockout Mice Is Characterized by CD28-Regulated Activation of Th2 Responses (1999)

Mice lacking CTLA-4 die at an age of 2-3 wk due to massive lymphoproliferation, leading to lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of major organs. The onset of the lymphoproliferative disease can be delayed by treatment with murine CTLA4Ig (mCTLA4Ig), starting day 12 after birth. In this study, we have characterized the T cells present in CTLA-4-deficient mice before and after mCTLA4Ig treatment. The T cells present in CTLA-4-deficient mice express the activation markers, CD69 and IL-2R; down-regulate the lymphoid homing receptor, CD62L; proliferate spontaneously in vitro and cannot be costimulated with anti-CD28 mAb consistent with a hyperactivated state. The T cells from CTLA-4-deficient mice survive longer in culture correlating with higher expression of the survival factor, Bcl-xL, in these cells. Most significantly, the CD4+ T cell subset present in CTLA-4-deficient mice secretes high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 upon TCR activation. Treatment of CTLA-4-deficient mice treated with mCTLA4Ig reverses the activation and hyperproliferative phenotype of the CTLA-4-deficient T cells and restores the costimulatory activity of anti-CD28 mAb. Furthermore, T cells from mCTLA4Ig-treated mice are not skewed toward a Th2 cytokine phenotype. Thus, CTLA-4 regulates CD28-dependent peripheral activation of CD4+ T cells. This process results in apoptosis-resistant, CD4+ T cells with a predominantly Th2 phenotype that may be involved in the lethal phenotype in these animals.
Shadow art (2009)

"To them, I said, the truth would be literally nothing but the shadows of the images." - Plato, The Republic
Kaolinite Particle Sizes in the <2 <i>µ</i>m Range Using Laser Scattering (1993)

Abstract The Clay Minerals Society Source Clay kaolinites, Georgia KGa-1 and KGa-2, have been subjected to particle size determinations by 1) conventional sedimentation methods, 2) electron microscopy and image analysis, and 3) laser scattering using improved algorithms for the interaction of light with small particles. Particle shape, size distribution, and crystallinity vary considerably for each kaolinite. Replicate analyses of separated size fractions showed that in the <2 µ m range, the sedimentation/centrifugation method of Tanner and Jackson (1947) is reproducible for different kaolinite types and that the calculated size ranges are in reasonable agreement with the size bins estimated from laser scattering. Particle sizes determined by laser scattering must be calculated using Mie theory when the dominant particle size is less than ∼5 µ m. Based on this study of two well-known and structurally different kaolinites, laser scattering, with improved data reduction algorithms that include Mie theory, should be considered an internally consistent and rapid technique for clay particle sizing.
A comparison of a new reflectance oximeter with the Hewlett-Packard ear oximeter. (1990)

The purpose of this study was to characterize the accuracy and dynamic response characteristics of traditional transmittance pulse oximeters and a new reflectance pulse oximeter with regard to the current standard in oximetry, the Hewlett-Packard ear oximeter. Studies were performed with 15 healthy male and female subjects. A rebreathing technique was employed to produce a steady fall in oxygen saturation and to maintain constant, eucapnic, end-tidal CO2 levels. The oximeters' analog outputs were recorded by a Western Graphtec Linearecorder and by an IBM-PC utilizing an analog-to-digital converter for data collection at 5 Hz. The agreement between two clinical methods of measurement was used as the statistical technique of comparing new technology (pulse oximetry) with the current standard (Hewlett-Packard ear oximetry). The mean of the difference between the Hewlett-Packard and the pulse oximeter with reflectance sensor was 0.28%, with a range of difference of +/- 3.49%. This value was similar to that of the transmittance oximeters (Criticare 501+: 0.92 +/- 2.11), (Physio-Control: 3.15 +/- 2.04), (Ohmeda 3700: 2.05 +/- 2.06). There was virtually no response-time difference between the reflectance oximeter with the sensor placed on the subject's forehead and the Hewlett-Packard ear oximeter. The authors conclude that the accuracy of the reflectance oximeter is within the limits of clinical acceptance for monitoring and trending of arterial oxygen saturation in healthy subjects.
Sustained activation of Akt by melatonin contributes to the protection against kainic acid‐induced neuronal death in hippocampus (2005)

In the present study, the underlying protective mechanism of melatonin on kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity was examined in the hippocampus of mice. KA, administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), induced marked neuronal cell death with concurrent microglial activation and subsequent induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the hippocampus. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that melatonin (10 mg/kg), administered 1 hr prior to KA, attenuated KA-induced death of pyramidal neurons in the CA3 region. Melatonin obviously suppressed KA-induced microglial activation and consequent iNOS expression that were determined by increased immunoreactivities of microglial marker OX-6 and iNOS, respectively. Increased phosphorylation of Akt in pyramidal neurons was observed as early as 2 hr after administration of melatonin. Further, melatonin resulted in increased expression of astroglial glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which started to appear approximately 6 hr after administration of melatonin. The results of the present study demonstrate that melatonin exerts its neuroprotective action against KA-induced excitotoxicity both through the activation of neuronal Akt and via the direct action on hippocampal neurons and through the increased expression of astroglial GDNF, which subsequently activates neuronal PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, the present study suggests that melatonin, pineal secretory product, is potentially useful in the treatment of acute brain pathologies associated with excitotoxic neuronal damage such as epilepsy, stroke, and traumatic brain injury.
Dermal Contributions to Human Interfollicular Epidermal Architecture and Self-Renewal (2015)

The human interfollicular epidermis is renewed throughout life by populations of proliferating basal keratinocytes. Though interfollicular keratinocyte stem cells have been identified, it is not known how self-renewal in this compartment is spatially organized. At the epidermal-dermal junction, keratinocytes sit atop a heterogeneous mix of dermal cells that may regulate keratinocyte self-renewal by influencing local tissue architecture and signalling microenvironments. Focusing on the rete ridges and complementary dermal papillae in human skin, we review the identity and organisation of abundant dermal cells types and present evidence for interactions between the dermal microenvironment and the interfollicular keratinocytes.
A unified intermediate and mechanism for soot combustion on potassium-supported oxides (2014)

The soot combustion mechanism over potassium-supported oxides (MgO, CeO2 and ZrO2) was studied to clarify the active sites and discover unified reaction intermediates in this typical gas-solid-solid catalytic reaction. The catalytically active sites were identified as free K(+) rather than K2CO3, which can activate gaseous oxygen. The active oxygen spills over to soot and forms a common intermediate, ketene, before it was further oxidized into the end product CO2. The existence of ketene species was confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The oxygen spillover mechanism is proposed, which is explained as an electron transfer from soot to gaseous oxygen through the active K(+) sites. The latter mechanism is confirmed for the first time since it was put forward in 1950, not only by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) results but also by semi-empirical theoretical calculations.
Word of Mouth for Movies: Its Dynamics and Impact on Box Office Revenue (2006)

This article uses actual word-of-mouth (WOM) information to examine the dynamic patterns of WOM and how it helps explain box office revenue. The WOM data were collected from the Yahoo Movies Web site. The results show that WOM activities are the most active during a movie's prerelease and opening week and that movie audiences tend to hold relatively high expectations before release but become more critical in the opening week. More important, WOM information offers significant explanatory power for both aggregate and weekly box office revenue, especially in the early weeks after a movie opens. However, most of this explanatory power comes from the volume of WOM and not from its valence, as measured by the percentages of positive and negative messages.
Intraparticle Diffusion/Convection Models for Pressurization and Blowdown of Adsorption Beds with Langmuir Isotherm (1992)

Abstract Intraparticle diffusion/convection and equilibrium models are used to simulate the bed dynamics of pressurization and blowdown steps of PSA processes with binary mixtures of inert and adsorbable species. The effect of the nature of the equilibrium isotherm, i.e., linear and Langmuir isotherms, is discussed. The improvement of mass transfer inside the adsorbent by increasing particle permeability or decreasing particle size is addressed. Simulation results show that using “large-pore” adsorbents, i.e., increasing permeability to cause a high intraparticle convective flow instead of decreasing particle size to reduce intraparticle mass transfer resistances, is a good choice in PSA processes.
NEW YORK DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY (1958)

<b>Dermatomyositis.</b>Presented byDr. Carl T. Nelson. A white boy aged 15 is presented from the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center with dermatitis, muscular weakness, and joint pains of two years' duration. The patient has had various manifestations of allergy since the age of 5 months, when atopic dermatitis developed. This was later followed by bouts of allergic rhinitis and bronchitis, as well as sporadic recurrences of the dermatitis. Sensitivity to animal dander, chocolate, eggs, and wheat was established. In December, 1954, an erythematous, slightly scaly, and mildly pruritic eruption appeared on the face, arms, shoulders, knees, and elbows. Joint pain and some swelling were noted. In the spring of 1955 weakness of the legs and arms and tenderness of several muscle groups developed. Therapy with Meticorten, 5 mg. daily, brought resolution of the joint pain and swelling but had no apparent effect on the eruption. Weakness increased, neces
Spectrum of single-photon emission and scattering in cavity optomechanics (2012)

We present an analytic solution describing the quantum state of a single photon after interacting with a moving mirror in a cavity. This includes situations when the photon is initially stored in a cavity mode as well as when the photon is injected into the cavity. In addition, we obtain the spectrum of the output photon in the resolved-sideband limit, which reveals spectral features of the single-photon strong-coupling regime in this system. We also clarify the conditions under which the phonon sidebands are visible and the photon-state frequency shift can be resolved.
Styrene plant simulation and optimization (1991)

This article deals with the simulation and optimization of a styrene plant. The mathematical model of the reactor consists of the continuity equations for each chemical component, heat balance and momentum balance equations. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions are included in the model. Though all equipment in the recovery section is included, reasonable assumptions lead to a simplified recovery model which retains the accuracy of a complex model and reduces computing time. The model equations are solved numerically. The overall objective function considers both variable and fixed costs of production. The optimization is carried out using a direct search algorithm considering all plant constraints. The utilization of the model for an actual plant case is discussed.
Effects of transport limited nonuniform pumping for multiple quantum well semiconductor lasers (2002)

Multiple quantum well (MQW) lasers have exhibited improved performance over conventional double heterostructure (DH) lasers for low threshold, high frequency, and high power applications. Ideally, the modulation bandwidth should increase with the number of wells due to the enhancement of differential gain. However, in reality, the maximum number of wells that can work effectively is governed by carrier transport. Because of the lower mobility of holes, those wells far away from the hole injection side (p-electrode) receive less carriers and have a smaller gain; and those wells close to the p-electrode receive more carriers and have a higher gain. The excess carriers in the wells near the p-electrode tend to reduce the differential gain, thus degrade the high frequency characteristics. A carrier diffusion model is used to theoretically analyze the effect of nonuniform pumping in a 1.55 /spl mu/m InGaAs/InGaAsP MQW (20 wells) laser. A substantial nonuniformity in gain distribution among the wells limits the ultimate modulation bandwidth. Possible schemes of overcoming the transport-limited nonuniform pumping such as using p-doping are discussed.
Deuterated Clopidogrel Analogues as a New Generation of Antiplatelet Agents (2013)

Clopidogrel (CPG) is an antithrombotic prodrug that needs hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes for its bioactivation. The clinical effects of CPG have been associated with high intersubject variability and a certain level of resistance. Recently, comprehensive biotransformation studies of CPG support that the observed clinical uncertainty stems from the low bioactivation efficiency, which is attributed to extensive attritional metabolism (e.g., hydrolysis of the methyl ester functionality and oxidation of the piperidine moiety). With the goal of potentiating the desired thiophene 2-oxidation through minimal structural modification, we have adopted the strategy of targeted metabolism shift and have designed and synthesized deuterated piperidine analogues of CPG. In vitro studies showed that the prodrug activation percentages have been significantly increased for the deuterated analogues as a result of stability enhancement of the piperidine moiety. In a pharmacological study with a rat model, oral administration of the deuterated analogues also demonstrated higher inhibitory activity than that of CPG against adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced platelet aggregation. These deuterated analogues represent a new generation of antiplatelet agents with the potential to overcome the major clinical drawbacks of CPG.
North American Cornucopia (2013)

Many North American plants have characteristics that are especially promising as candidates for expanding our food supply and generating new economically competitive crops. This book is an informative analysis of the top 100 indigenous food plants of North America, focusing on those species that have achieved commercial success or have substantial market potential. The book's user-friendly format provides concise information on each plant. It examines the geography and ecology, history, economic and social importance, food and industrial uses, and the economic future of each crop.
Specific sorting of the a1 isoform of the V-H+ATPase a subunit to nerve terminals where it associates with both synaptic vesicles and the presynaptic plasma membrane (2003)

Vacuolar H+ATPase (V-ATPase) accumulates protons inside various intracellular organelles, generating the electrochemical proton gradient required for many vital cellular processes. V-ATPase is a complex enzyme with many subunits that are organized into two domains. The membrane domain that translocates protons contains a proteolipid oligomer of several c subunits and a 100 kDa a subunit. Several a-subunit isoforms have been described that are important for tissue specificity and targeting to different membrane compartments, and could also result in the generation of V-ATPases with different functional properties. In the present report, we have cloned the Torpedo marmorata a1 isoform. This isoform was found to be addressed specifically to nerve endings, whereas VATPases in the neuron cell bodies contain a different a-subunit isoform. In nerve terminals, the V-ATPase membrane domain is present not only in synaptic vesicles but also in the presynaptic plasma membrane, where its density could reach 200 molecules microm(-2). This V-ATPase interacts with VAMP-2 and with the SNARE complexes involved in synaptic vesicle docking and exocytosis.