gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEMS actuators and sensors: observations on their performance and selection for purpose (2005)

This paper presents an exercise in comparing the performance of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuators and sensors as a function of operating principle. Data have been obtained from the literature for the mechanical performance characteristics of actuators, force sensors and displacement sensors. On-chip and off-chip actuators and sensors are each sub-grouped into families, classes and members according to their principle of operation. The performance of MEMS sharing common operating principles is compared with each other and with equivalent macroscopic devices. The data are used to construct performance maps showing the capability of existing actuators and sensors in terms of maximum force and displacement capability, resolution and frequency. These can also be used as a preliminary design tool, as shown in a case study on the design of an on-chip tensile test machine for materials in thin-film form.
Collagen production in fat-storing cells after carbon tetrachloride intoxication in the rat. Immunoelectron microscopic observation of type I, type III collagens, and prolyl hydroxylase. (1988)

Monospecific antibodies directed against type I, type III collagens, and prolyl hydroxylase were used to clarify the process of liver fibrosis after CCl4 intoxication in rats by the direct immunoperoxidase method. In acute CCl4 intoxication, fat-storing cells (FSCs) were increased in number in the areas of necrosis around the central veins. These FSCs exhibited intense positive stainings for type I, type III collagens, and prolyl hydroxylase in well-developed rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgi apparatus. This was the direct evidence that the collagens formed after CCl4 intoxication are produced by FSCs. In chronic CCl4 intoxication, increased FSCs in and around the fibers also contained strong immunoreactive materials of both collagens and prolyl hydroxylase mainly in the rough endoplasmic reticula. These collagens were also present in the Golgi apparatus and vesicles close to the cytoplasmic membrane, demonstrating the exocytic process of collagen formation of FSCs. In contrast, faint immunoreactions of both collagens were found in the rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgi apparatus of hepatocytes during the process of fibrosis. These findings indicate that FSCs play an important role in fibrogenesis after acute and chronic CCl4 intoxication in the rat.
Shortcuts in a virtual world (2006)

We consider the case of a virtual world of peers that are organized in an overlay built by Delaunay Triangulation. Application layer routing is used to determine the path taken in the overlay between two peers. Application layer routing incurs a major delay penalty since it ignores the characteristics of the physical network topology.
Planning training. (2000)

<title>Abstract</title> Training planning is the process of designating what knowledge, skills and attitudes are to be developed by staff of a research organization. The way in which training planning is carried out is detailed and its relevance for agricultural research is discussed. Examples of the use of training planning in Kenya and Bhutan are cited.
The Outpatient Treatment of Depression (1992)

Multiple studies have demonstrated that individual psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and the two in combination are all effective treatments for depressed outpatients. However, the implications of these data for clinical practice have been incompletely considered, and the often drawn mistaken conclusion is that they support routine treatment with psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy together. Analyses of treatment success rates, treatment failure rates, and treatment dropout rates indicate that combined treatment offers no advantage over treatment with psychotherapy alone and only modest advantage over treatment with pharmacotherapy alone. Routine use of combined treatment, therefore, exposes patients to unnecessary costs and side effects. The data suggest that psychotherapy alone should usually be the initial treatment.
Evolution of Frequency Selective Surfaces (2014)

This review gives an account of the route through which Frequency Selective Surfaces have developed in form and in application over the past few decades. Applications range from their use in radome structures, and in meta-materials, to their incorporation into buildings for signal propagation control\nin the built environment. For some of these applications the geometries of the array elements can be very simple, but in cases where surfaces are curved, significantly more complicated configurations are likely to be required. Fabrication cost is an important issue. In applications to multiband radiometry for satellite systems for example, the high cost of precision manufacture is normally considered to be acceptable. In contrast, in the built environment inexpensive larger scale production techniques are important. Inkjet or 3D printing may offer cost effective ways forward.
Zebrafish xenografts as a fast screening platform for bevacizumab cancer therapy (2020)

Despite promising preclinical results, average response rates to anti-VEGF therapies, such as bevacizumab, are reduced for most cancers, while incurring in remarkable costs and side effects. Currently, there are no biomarkers available to select patients that can benefit from this therapy. Depending on the individual tumor, anti-VEGF therapies can either block or promote metastasis. In this context, an assay able to predict individual responses prior to treatment, including the impact on metastasis would prove of great value to guide treatment options. Here we show that zebrafish xenografts are able to reveal different responses to bevacizumab in just 4 days, evaluating not only individual tumor responses but also the impact on angiogenesis and micrometastasis. Importantly, we perform proof-of-concept experiments where clinical responses in patients were compared with their matching zebrafish Patient-Derived Xenografts - zAvatars, opening the possibility of using the zebrafish model to screen bevacizumab therapy in a personalized manner.
Biometric Recognition Based on Free-Text Keystroke Dynamics (2014)

Accurate recognition of free text keystroke dynamics is challenging due to the unstructured and sparse nature of the data and its underlying variability. As a result, most of the approaches published in the literature on free text recognition, except for one recent one, have reported extremely high error rates. In this paper, we present a new approach for the free text analysis of keystrokes that combines monograph and digraph analysis, and uses a neural network to predict missing digraphs based on the relation between the monitored keystrokes. Our proposed approach achieves an accuracy level comparable to the best results obtained through related techniques in the literature, while achieving a far lower processing time. Experimental evaluation involving 53 users in a heterogeneous environment yields a false acceptance ratio (FAR) of 0.0152% and a false rejection ratio (FRR) of 4.82%, at an equal error rate (EER) of 2.46%. Our follow-up experiment, in a homogeneous environment with 17 users, yields FAR=0% and FRR=5.01%, at EER=2.13%.
Quinazolines and 1,4‐benzodiazepines XXXVI . The formation of 1,3‐dihydro and 1,5‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzodiazepines from tosyl and Mesyl ‐ substituted 1,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐5‐phenyl‐ 1,4‐benzodiazepine derivatives (1967)

Abstract The treatment of 4‐sulfonyl derivatives of 5‐phenyl‐1,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones (I) with base was shown to result in the formation of 1,3‐dihydro or 1,5‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones (III and II respectively) depending upon the conditions used. The base treatment of 1‐sulfonyl substituted 2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzodiazepines (V) was shown to give the vinylimines VI.
In-vehicle speaker recognition using independent vector analysis (2012)

As part of human-centered driver assist framework for holistic multimodal sensing, we present an evaluation of independent vector analysis for speaker recognition task inside an automotive vehicle. Independent component analysis-based blind source separation algorithms have attracted attentions in recent years in the application of speech separation and enhancement. Compared to the traditional beamforming technique, the blind source separation method may typically require less number of microphones and perform better under reverberant environment. We recorded two speakers in the driver and front-passenger seats talking simultaneously inside a car and used independent vector analysis to separate the two speech signals. In the speaker recognition task, we show that by training the model with the speech signals from the IVA process, our system is able to achieve 95 % accuracy from a 1-second speech segment.
Root-Knot Nematode-Triggered Defense Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana During Early Stages of Parasitism (2016)

Author(s): Alves Teixeira, Marcella | Advisor(s): Kaloshian, Isgouhi | Abstract: Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp., RKN) are plant parasites responsible for great losses in agriculture worldwide. After penetrating host roots they establish feeding sites by modifying a few cells from the pericycle, which become multinucleated and enlarged, known as giant cells. Classical nematology research focuses on the characterization of nematode effectors and plant resistance genes. Therefore, little is known about basal immunity against plant parasitic nematodes. In Chapter One we use Arabidopsis thaliana and M. incognita interaction as a model system to investigate plant perception of parasitic nematodes. We show that RKNs can be perceived by plants irrespective of possible damage caused during migration and this perception relies on canonical immunity signaling partners. In addition, we show that RKN perception by Arabidopsis is mediated by BAK1-dependent and independent pathways. To best characterize the transcriptional responses induced by RKN in Arabidopsis roots we performed RNAseq analysis, which is described in Chapter Two. RNAseq analysis revealed induction of several genes 24h after inoculation with RKN in both wild type plants and bak1-5 mutant roots. To identify candidate nematode receptors, RNAseq data was searched for genes that were upregulated upon RKN inoculation and encoded proteins with predicted membrane localization and kinase domains. Screening Arabidopsis with mutations on a few of these mutants allowed identification of a negative regulator of immunity against RKN that has elevated basal levels of defense marker genes and respond to elicitor treatment with stronger and faster ROS burst. Interestingly, this negative regulator belongs to a family of proteins that has not been extensively characterized, the G-type lectin receptor kinases (G-LecRKs). The Chapter Three shows an update on the characterization of Arabidopsis G-LecRKs as well as the first characterization of tomato G-LecRKs by using a methodology well established for characterization of other lectin receptor kinases family. Our analysis shows an expansion of G-LecRKs family in tomato as compared to Arabidopsis and organization of genes in clusters throughout each species genome. Motif enrichment analysis shows conservation of motifs among members of G-LecRKS of Arabidopsis as well as among members of Arabidopsis, tomato and the previously characterized rice G-LecRKs.
Tunable magnetoelastic phononic crystals (2009)

The feasibility of tuning the band structure of phononic crystals is demonstrated by employing magnetostrictive materials and applying an external magnetic field. Band structures are calculated with a plane wave expansion method that accounts for coupling between the elastic behavior and the magnetic field through the development of elastic, piezomagnetic, and magnetic permeability effective tensors. We show the contactless tunability of the absolute band gaps of a two-dimensional phononic crystal composed of an epoxy matrix and Terfenol-D inclusions. The tunable phononic crystal behaves like a transmission switch for elastic waves when the magnitude of an applied magnetic field crosses a threshold.
Secret-key agreement over unauthenticated public channels-part II: the simulatability condition (2003)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.49, no.4, p.822-31(2003). In the first part, we showed that when two parties, willing to generate a secret key, but connected only by a completely insecure communication channel, have access to independent repetitions of some random experiment, then the possibility of secret-key agreement depends on a certain property, called simulatability, of the probability distribution modeling the parties' initial knowledge. More generally, the simulatability condition is important in the context of identification and authentication among parties sharing some correlated but not necessarily identical partially secret keys. Unfortunately, this condition is a priori not very useful since it is not clear how to decide efficiently whether it is satisfied or not for a given distribution P/sub XYZ/. We introduce a new formalism, based on a mechanical model for representing the involved quantities, that allows for dealing with discrete joint distributions of random variables and their manipulations by noisy channels. We show that this representation leads to a simple and efficient characterization of the possibility of secret-key agreement secure against active adversaries.
Architecture of FPGAs and CPLDs: A Tutorial (2000)

This paper provides a tutorial survey of architectures of commercially available high-capacity field-programmable devices (FPDs). We first define the relevant terminology in the field and then describe the recent evolution of FPDs. The three main categories of FPDs are delineated: Simple PLDs (SPLDs), Complex PLDs (CPLDs) and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). We then give details of the architectures of all of the most important commercially available chips, and give examples of applications of each type of device. Page 2 of 41 1 Introduction to High-Capacity FPDs Prompted by the development of new types of sophisticated field-programmable devices (FPDs), the process of designing digital hardware has changed dramatically over the past few years. Unlike previous generations of technology, in which board-level designs included large numbers of SSI chips containing basic gates, virtually every digital design produced today consists mostly
SONET intra-office interconnect signal (2003)

The authors suggest that deployment of SONET-compatible equipment will lead to a scenario, especially in a large central office, in which SONET signals interconnect equipment in the same central office. Some of the section and line overhead functions and capabilities which are essential for transport network applications will not be needed for these intra-office interconnect signals. Furthermore, because of the short distances involved for the interconnect signals, low-cost optical transmitters and receivers with requirements less stringent than those specified in the SONET optical interface specifications could be used for such applications. Alternatively, in some cases, so-called SONET electrical signals could be used. The authors consider the physical layer parameters of the interface and a basic set of section and line overhead features that an intra-office interconnect signal should support. The motivation is the minimization of overall SONET transport network cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance Analysis of Output Queued Batcher-Banyan Switch for ATM Network (1999)

This paper proposes an ATM switch architecture called Output Queued Batcher-Banyan switch (OQBBS). It consists of a Sorting Module, Expanding Module, and Output Queueing Modules. The principles of channel grouping and output queueing are used to increase the maximum throughput of an ATM switch. One distinctive feature of the OQBBS is that multiple cells can be simultaneously delivered to their desired output. The switch architecture is shown to be modular and easily expandable. The performance of the OQBBS in terms of throughput, cell delays, and cell loss rate under uniform random traffic condition is evaluated by computer simulation. The throughput and the average cell delay are close to the ideal performance behavior of a fully connected output queued crossbar switch. It is also shown that the OQBBS meets the cell loss probability requirement of .
Unlocking the Value of Privacy (2018)

With the commoditization of personal privacy, pricing private data has become an intriguing problem. In this paper, we study noisy aggregate statistics trading from the perspective of a data broker in data markets. We thus propose ERATO, which enables aggrEgate statistics pRicing over privATe cOrrelated data. On one hand, ERATO guarantees arbitrage freeness against cunning data consumers. On the other hand, ERATO compensates data owners for their privacy losses using both bottom-up and top-down designs. We further apply ERATO to three practical aggregate statistics, namely weighted sum, probability distribution fitting, and degree distribution, and extensively evaluate their performances on MovieLens dataset, 2009 RECS dataset, and two SNAP large social network datasets, respectively. Our analysis and evaluation results reveal that ERATO well balances utility and privacy, achieves arbitrage freeness, and compensates data owners more fairly than differential privacy based approaches.
Latent infection and subsequent reactivation of pseudorabies virus in swine exposed to pseudorabies virus while nursing immune dams (1989)

The ability of pseudorabies virus (PRV) to infect and establish latency in pigs with passively acquired (maternal) antibody for PRV was tested by exposing such pigs to the virus and subsequently attempting to reactivate latent virus by administering large doses of dexamethasone. Pigs of each of 4 litters that had nursed gilts with relatively high (512, gilts 1 and 2), moderate (32, gilt 3), and no (less than 2, gilt 4) serum titers of virus-neutralizing (VN) antibodies for PRV were allotted to 3 treatment groups (A, B, C) when they were 2 weeks old. Group-A pigs were separated from littermates and dam and thereafter kept in isolation; group-B pigs were experimentally exposed oronasally to PRV and 1 hour later returned to their dam; group-C pigs were kept with their dam and potentially exposed to PRV by contact with littermates of group B. Sera obtained from pigs at selected intervals until they were 17 weeks old were tested for VN activity and for precipitating activity for radiolabeled viral proteins. All group-A pigs remained clinically normal throughout the experiment. Depending on the initial amount of passively acquired antibody, little or no serum VN or precipitating activity remained by the time these pigs were 17 weeks old. Group-B and -C pigs, with relatively high amounts of passively acquired antibody when exposed to PRV, also remained clinically normal. However, most became latently infected as subsequently evidenced by either dexamethasone-induced or noninduced virus reactivation. Noninduced reactivation may have been initiated by weaning the pigs when they were about 8 weeks old.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Introducing Re-Orientalism: A New Manifestation of Orientalism (2011)

According to Edward Said’s Foucauldian take on imperial discourse, the cultural construct of Orientalism was the European imperialistic strategy of composing a positive image of the western Self while casting the ‘East’ as its negative alter ego, alluring and exotic, dangerous and mysterious, always the Other. As such, ‘the Orient has helped to define Europe (or the West) as its contrasting image, idea, personality, experience’ (Said 2003: 1-2), emerging as an intricate part of western culture itself and as a way to face internal contradictions. Self-evidently, Orientalism still persists in both popular and institutional constructions of culture and identity, but has developed in a rather curious trajectory over the last few decades. One direction of particular interest has been identified and designated as ‘re-Orientalism’ (Lau 2009), where ‘Orientals’ are seen to be perpetrating Orientalisms no less than ‘non-Orientals’ and, moreover, perpetrating certain and selected types of Orientalisms. Where Said’s Orientalism is grounded in how the West constructs the ‘Orient’ and the ‘Occident’, re-Orientalism is based on how cultural producers with eastern affiliations come to terms with an orientalized East, whether by complying with perceived expectations of western readers, by playing (along) with them or by discarding them altogether. As a consequence, the present critical project aims to situate itself within the reconfiguration of modes of cultural analysis that observe, identify and comment the operations of new Orientalisms in the twenty-first century. Re-Orientalist discursive practices and rhetorical strategies are often sites of subversion where meanings are in constant flux. In this sense, re-Orientalism theory exposes the power of Orientalist discourse while underscoring its instability and mutability, and as such provides avenues for questioning the endurance of Orientalist practices today. One purpose of this collection is to observe how re-Orientalism is deployed, made to circulate, and perceived by cultural producers and consumers within the specific context of South Asian identity politics.
WEIGHT AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CLINICAL DIABETES IN WOMEN (1990)

To determine the relation of body mass index (weight/height2) with the risk of clinical non-insulin-dependent diabetes, the authors analyzed data from a cohort of 113,861 US women aged 30-55 years in 1976. During 8 years of follow-up (826,010 person-years), 873 definite cases were identified among women initially free from diagnosed diabetes. Among women of average body mass index, 23-23.9 kg/m2, the relative risk was 3.6 times that of women having a body mass index less than 22 kg/m2. The risk continued to increase above this level of body mass index. The authors observed a much weaker positive association with weight at age 18, and this association was eliminated after adjustment for current body mass index. Thus, weight gain after age 18 was a major determinant of risk. For an increase of 20-35 kg, the relative risk was 11.3, and for an increase of more than 35 kg, the relative risk was 17.3. Adjusting for family history did not appreciably alter the strong relation observed among women at average levels of body mass index. These data indicate that, at even average weight, women are at increased risk of clinical non-insulin-dependent diabetes and that the relation between body mass index and risk of diabetes is continuous.
Geographic routing in city scenarios (2005)

Position-based routing, as it is used by protocols like Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) [5], is very well suited for highly dynamic environments such as inter-vehicle communication on highways. However, it has been discussed that radio obstacles [4], as they are found in urban areas, have a significant negative impact on the performance of position-based routing. In prior work [6] we presented a position-based approach which alleviates this problem and is able to find robust routes within city environments. It is related to the idea of position-based source routing as proposed in [1] for terminode routing. The algorithm needs global knowledge of the city topology as it is provided by a static street map. Given this information the sender determines the junctions that have to be traversed by the packet using the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm. Forwarding between junctions is then done in a position-based fashion. In this short paper we show how position-based routing can be aplied to a city scenario without assuming that nodes have access to a static street map and without using source routing.