gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limited functional equivalence of phylogenetic variation in small nuclear RNA: yeast U2 RNA with altered branchpoint complementarity inhibits splicing and produces a dominant lethal phenotype. (1991)

U2 is a highly conserved small nuclear RNA essential for pre-mRNA splicing in mammals and yeast and for trans-splicing in trypanosomes. To test the function of variant U2 RNA structures from different organisms, we conducted phylogenetic exchanges of U2 domains. Replacing nucleotides 1-120 of yeast U2 with the corresponding region of human U2 generates a U2 RNA that is correctly folded and functions in yeast. In contrast, replacement of the branchpoint interaction region of yeast U2 with the corresponding region from trypanosome is dominant lethal. Using a GAL-U2 promoter fusion, we show that the dominant phenotype can be made conditional and that the accumulation of mutant U2 is followed rapidly by inhibition of nuclear pre-mRNA splicing. The results suggest that U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles normally participate in stable complexes with a limiting splicing factor prior to formation of U2-intron branchpoint base pairs.
Testing the Fuel Economy Characteristics of Engine Oils (1979)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents new techniques for the interpretation of engine and vehicle results on prototype fuel-efficient motor oils. A case history is presented which follows the component selection process through laboratory friction and bench engine screening tests. The resulting optimized lubricant formulation was demonstrated in an automobile dynamometer test, resulting in approximately 2% better MPG than that of the proposed ASTM SAE 20W/30 reference oil.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The capabilities and limitations of the available test methods are discussed from the perspective of PARAMINS experience. An important part of FE data interpretation is the comparison of experimental results to the estimated maximum realizable friction reduction and fuel savings potential. This requires an understanding of the portion of total mechanical friction contributed by solid-solid (boundary) friction and by viscous (hydrodynamic) losses. The authors show how laboratory friction measurements were used as a means for examining vehicle results in these terms.</div>
&lt;i&gt;Pistacia lentiscus&lt;/i&gt; Linn: Gum with immense medicinal potential (2013)

Mastic gum is a resin obtained from the plant Pistacia lentiscus Linn., an aromatic member of the Anarcadiaceae family. It is a shrub or small tree indigenous to Mediterranean areas especially Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Italy, Greece, Turkey and southern France. It has been used in Unani system of medicine since centuries for the treatment of various ailments like gastrointestinal disturbances, hepatobiliary disorders, gynaecological diseases etc. Pharmacological studies reveal that it contains resins, volatile oils, bicyclic terpenoids, fatty acids, saponins and sugars etc. Different experimental and clinical researches evidenced its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiatherogenic and wound healing properties. The present review is aimed to explore existing Unani classical as well as modern literature available on Pistacia lentiscus.
A Simple, Safe and Effective Citrate Anticoagulation Protocol for the Genius<sup>®</sup> Dialysis System in Acute Renal Failure (2004)

Citrate anticoagulation can be safely and effectively performed during intermittent Genius dialysis. Calcium supplementation is not routinely required.
The emerging structure of the <i>Agrobacterium</i> T‐DNA transfer complex (1990)

Abstract Single‐stranded DNA‐protein complex (T‐complex) is proposed to mediate T‐DNA transfer from Agrobacterium to plant cells. A novel model for transfer is presented which incorporates features of both bacterial conjugation and viral infection. Specific protein components of the T‐complex, its ultrastructure and possible functions in the plant cell are discussed.
Synthesis and properties of α″-Fe16N2 in magnetic particles (1994)

The α″-Fe16N2 phase was synthesized by a nitriding, quenching, and tempering process starting from Fe2O3. Acicular γ-Fe2O3 was first reduced to α-Fe under H2, then it was converted to γ-austenite at 650–700 °C by nitriding using a NH3-H2 mixed gas. A martensitic transformation to α′-martensite occurred when the sample was quenched in liquid nitrogen. Finally, the α″-Fe16N2 phase was formed from the α′-martensite by tempering in the temperature range 120–200 °C. In order to increase the extent of the martensitic transformation, acicular Fe2O3 particles with 10–15 at % MnO2 were prepared by oxidizing Fe++ and Mn++ in alkaline aqueous solution. When a quenched sample, which contains martensite, α-Fe, and austenite, was tempered at 200 °C for different times, the magnetic moment first increased (transformation of α′-martensite to α″-Fe16N2); the highest magnetic moment was obtained at about 60 min of tempering. Using even longer tempering times, the magnetic moment decreased (decomposition of α″-Fe16N2 to α-Fe and γ′-Fe4N). Only a very small amount of γ′-Fe4N was formed after tempering at 120 °C for one week. The average coercivity of the samples nitrided at 650–700 °C is about 200–300 Oe; the sample magnetization is about 170 emu g−1. Mössbauer spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction confirm the presence of α″-Fe16N2. The estimated mole fraction of α″-Fe16N2 (which should be called more simply Fe8N) is 0.30–0.40. The low coercivity of the final product indicates that sintering of the acicular particles occurred, presumably because the silica protective coating of the particles did not resist the high temperatures needed to form austenite.
Minority stress, positive identity development, and depressive symptoms: Implications for resilience among sexual minority male youth. (2015)

With these results, we offer an exploratory model that empirically identifies significant paths among minority stress dimensions, positive identity development, and major depressive symptoms. This study helps further our understanding of minority stress, identity development, and resources of resilience among sexual minority male youth.
Flow Control in Compressed Video Communications (2002)

The topics covered in this chapter are mainly: Reasons for bit rate variability in video coders Fixed rate video coding Buffer-based rate control Rate control using variable encoding parameters Rate control using variable quantisation Buffer based rate control Feed-forward rate control Rate control using region-of-interest (ROI) coding Rate control using prioritised information drop Rate control using internal feedback loop Rate control using resolution reduction with fixed and variable frame rate control Rate control using multi-layer video coding Fine granular scaleability.
Role of Sleep Duration and Quality in the Risk and Severity of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2006)

In our sample, sleep duration and quality were significant predictors of HbA1c, a key marker of glycemic control. Combined with existing evidence linking sleep loss to increased diabetes risk, these data suggest that optimizing sleep duration and quality should be tested as an intervention to improve glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Protein and Vitamin Production in Bacillus megaterium (2005)

The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium is frequently employed for the industrial production of exoenzymes including amylases, proteinases, and penicillin acylases, for instance. Here, we describe the utilization of the excellent protein secretion capacity of this bacterium for the production and export of homologous and heterologous recombinant proteins. Necessary genetic tools like various expression vectors, protoplast transformation protocols, and genomic integration strategies are outlined. Practical examples for the directed development of B. megaterium to a vitamin B12 production host are also described.
The Genesis of the Baha'i Faith in Middle Eastern Modernity (1999)

Middle Eastern religion is seldom mentioned in the same breath with modernism, at least in the West. However, the Baha'i faith, which originated in nineteenth century Iran, poses key conundrums to our understanding of the relationship between modernity and religion in the global South.
Increased concentration of proatherogenic inflammatory cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship to cardiovascular risk factors. (2006)

Patients with SLE have increased concentrations of IL-6 and MCP-1. These cytokines are associated with increased inflammation, BMI, and adverse lipid profiles. IL-6 is associated with burden of atherosclerosis in SLE.
Inductive heating of glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastics using fibre- and wire-shaped stainless steel susceptors (2015)

This article deals with an experimental and numerical study of the inductive heating of glass fibre (GF)-reinforced thermoplastics with susceptors made of stainless steel that are embedded in them. The objective of this article is to examine the links between individual process and system parameters and the heating behaviour of fibre-reinforced plastics. Two different susceptor designs were tested in relation to their heating capability. Furthermore, it was possible to experimentally study the dependency of the space between the specimens and inductors and therefore the impact of the generator output of the induction system and inductor attachments differing in their geometric shapes in terms of heating. Moreover, it was possible to use numerical simulation to examine the heating behaviour at different frequencies. These findings indicate that it is possible to heat GF-reinforced semi-finished products by fibre-shaped susceptors. Finally, it was possible to demonstrate that the heating process can be designed by means of the frequency of the induction system and directly controlled using the generator output.
G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase GRK4 (1997)

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) presents some peculiar characteristics that make it a unique member within the GRK multigene family. For example, this is the only GRK for which four splice variants (GRK4alpha, -beta, -gamma, -delta) have been identified. We developed a simple assay to study kinase activity, and we found that GRK4alpha, but not GRK4beta, -gamma, and -delta, was able to phosphorylate rhodopsin in an agonist-dependent manner. GRK4alpha kinase activity was inhibited by Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) (IC50 = 80 nM), and a direct interaction between GRK4alpha and Ca2+/CaM was revealed using CaM-conjugated Sepharose 4B. The other three GRK4 isoforms did not interact with CaM in parallel experiments. The present investigation also aimed to define cellular and ultrastructural localization of GRK4. A substantial expression of GRK4 mRNA was only found in testis and in the spermatogonia cell line GC-1 spg. Specific GRK4 immunoreactivity was only found on sperm membranes, and immunochemical and ultrastructural analyses showed that it is associated to the acrosomal membranes and to the outer mitochondrial membranes. GRK4gamma was the only detectable isoform in human sperm. We concluded that: i) only GRK4alpha can phosphorylate rhodopsin and that this activity is inhibited by CaM; ii) the other three isoforms do not phosphorylate rhodopsin and do not interact with CaM; and iii) the association of GRK4 with highly specialized sperm organelles, which are essential for fertilization, strongly indicates that this kinase is involved in this process.
Photophysical Properties of Near-Infrared Phosphorescent π-Extended Platinum Porphyrins (2011)

A comprehensive photophysical study is reported on a family of π-extended platinum(II) porphyrin complexes. The platinum(II) complexes are synthesized from the corresponding free base porphyrins by treatment with platinum(II) acetate in hot benzonitrile, affording the complexes in considerably higher yield than by reaction with platinum(II) chloride. A quantitative study of the absorption and luminescence properties of the metalloporphyrins is presented. A series including tetraarylbenzo-, tetraarylnaphtho-, and tetraarylanthroporphyrin exhibits efficient phosphorescence at 773, 890, and 1020 nm in the near-infrared region, with quantum yields of 0.35, 0.15, and 0.08, respectively. The triplet lifetimes and phosphorescence yields decrease with increasing emission wavelength, consistent with energy gap law behavior. A set of six Pt-tetrabenzoporphyrins (TBPs) with different meso-substituents were examined. The Pt-TBPs exhibit efficient phosphorescence with λmax ∼ 770 nm and with a quantum yield ranging from 0.26–0.49, depending on the substitution pattern. The results show that the 5,15-diarylbenzoporphyrins feature 50–60% higher phosphorescence emission yield compared to the 5,10,15,20-tetraarylbenzoporphyrins. The highest phosphorescence quantum efficiency is observed for a platinum(II) 5,15-diarylbenzoporphyin which emits at 770 nm with a quantum yield of 49%.
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c activates patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene transcription in rats (2013)

Objective
To explore the effect of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) on the transcription of patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3(PNPLA3) in rat.


Methods
Seven-week male weight matching Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to fed ad libitum group(n=3), fasting group(n=3, fasting for 24 h), refeeding group(n=4, fasting for 24 h and refeeding 48 h) and normal control group(n=5), high-fat-diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic group(n=6). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to determine the expression of SREBP-1c and PNPLA3 in rats' liver. Three nested deletions of the 5' end of the 1.0 kb PNPLA3 promoter were generated and introduced into the luciferase reporter gene(R-PNPLA3-1, R-PNPLA3-2, R-PNPLA3-3), and then transfected into human normal hepatic cell line LO2 respectively to compare the basal and post-stimulate luciferase activity after transfected with SREBP-1c plasmid. The PNPLA3 promoter which was shown the highest luciferase activity might contain a putative SREBP-1c binding sites (SRE). Then wild-type and mutant SRE reporter vectors were constructed to compare their luciferase activity. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA of variance, followed by the Student's t test.


Results
Compared with the fed ad libitum group, the gene expression of SREBP-1c, PNPLA3 and fatty acid synthase(FAS) in liver decreased significantly in fasting group, and recovered in refeeding group (F=114.14, 334.11, 754.20, all P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the gene and protein expression of SREBP-1c and PNPLA3 increased markedly in diabetic group(t=-18.39, -30.07 and 4.58, 6.81, all P<0.05). The basal luciferase activity of R-PNPLA3-1 increased for 51.13 folds when compared with that in the control group(t=-28.93, P<0.05), while no notable changes was found with R-PNPLA3-2 and R-PNPLA3 -3; transfection of SREBP-1c plasmid into LO2 cells caused 2.63 folds activation of R-PNPLA3-1(t=-7.64, P<0.01), while no changes in R-PNPLA3-2 and R-PNPLA3-3 groups was found. A putative SRE located in -97/-88 bp of rat PNPLA3 gene promoter, the luciferase activity of mutant SRE reporter vectors(MUT-R-PNPLA3-1) decreased for 40.8% when compared with that in wild-type(R-PNPLA3-1) ( t=4.99, P<0.05).


Conclusion
SREBP-1c trans-activates rat PNPLA3 via a proximal SRE (-100/-91 bp) of PNPLA3 promoter.


Key words: 
Patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3; Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c; Transcriptional regulation
The biology of CCR5 and CXCR4 (2009)

The coreceptor discoveries revealed new insights into host and viral factors influencing HIV transmission and disease. The HIV/coreceptor interaction has become a major target for the development of novel antiviral strategies to treat and prevent HIV infection. The first CCR5-based entry inhibitor has been recently approved. New drugs that promote CCR5 and CXCR4 internalization, independent of cellular signaling, might provide clinical benefits with minimum side effects.
ChemInform Abstract: The Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids—A Tabular Review (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inhibition of in Vitro Pollen Tube Growth by Isolated S-Glycoproteins of Nicotiana alata. (1989)

Pollen from three S-genotypes of Nicotiana alata was grown in vitro in the presence of S-glycoproteins isolated from styles of the same three genotypes. Pollen germination was not affected by the presence of the S-glycoproteins, but pollen tube growth of all genotypes was inhibited. S2 pollen was preferentially inhibited by the S2-glycoprotein and S3 pollen by the S3-glycoprotein. The S6-glycoprotein preferentially inhibited growth of both S2 and S6 pollen over S3 pollen. Heat treatment dramatically increased the inhibitory activity of the S-glycoproteins as inhibitors both of pollen germination and tube growth; after heat treatment, S-allele specificity of pollen tube inhibition was not detected.
Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Inosine 5′-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase from Borrelia burgdorferi (1997)

Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. IMPDH converts IMP to xanthosine 5'-monophosphate with concomitant conversion of NAD+ to NADH. All IMPDHs characterized to date contain a 130-residue "subdomain" that extends from an N-terminal loop of the alpha/beta barrel domain. The role of this subdomain is unknown. An IMPDH homolog has been cloned from Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease (Margolis, N., Hogan, D., Tilly, K., and Rosa, P. A. (1994) J. Bacteriol. 176, 6427-6432). This homolog has replaced the subdomain with a 50-residue segment of unrelated sequence. We have expressed and characterized the B. burgdorferi IMPDH homolog. This protein has IMPDH activity, which unequivocally demonstrates that the subdomain is not required for catalytic activity. The monovalent cation and dinucleotide binding sites of B. burgdorferi IMPDH are significantly different from those of human IMPDH. Therefore, these sites are targets for the design of specific inhibitors for B. burgdorferi IMPDH. Such inhibitors might be new treatments for Lyme disease.
Continuous particle separation using pressure-driven flow-induced miniaturizing free-flow electrophoresis (PDF-induced μ-FFE) (2016)

In this paper, we introduce pressure-driven flow-induced miniaturizing free-flow electrophoresis (PDF-induced μ-FFE), a novel continuous separation method. In our separation system, the external flow and electric field are applied to particles, such that particle movement is affected by pressure-driven flow, electroosmosis, and electrophoresis. We then analyzed the hydrodynamic drag force and electrophoretic force applied to the particles in opposite directions. Based on this analysis, micro- and nano-sized particles were separated according to their electrophoretic mobilities with high separation efficiency. Because the separation can be achieved in a simple T-shaped microchannel, without the use of internal electrodes, it offers the advantages of low-cost, simple device fabrication and bubble-free operation, compared with conventional μ-FFE methods. Therefore, we expect the proposed separation method to have a wide range of filtering/separation applications in biochemical analysis.
The potential of safeners and protectants to increase tolerance of tree seeds to pre-emergence herbicides. (2006)

The application of pre-emergence herbicides is often necessary to achieve efficient establishment of trees in nurseries and direct-sown woodlands, but due to environmental and commercial pressures, and the current European Union review of herbicide registration, the number of herbicides available in the future will be reduced. Alternative approaches for finding effective treatments are needed. The utilisation of safeners and protectants to permit the use of otherwise phytotoxic herbicides has been investigated in many crops over the past 50 years. Some safening chemicals are currently used as seed coating treatments or included in herbicide products to achieve crop tolerance. The future potential of this approach for tree seed protection is reviewed in this paper. Activated charcoal has been the most commonly used protectant in the past, and its potential as a seed-coating treatment for preventing damage from subsequent pre-emergence herbicide application was tested in a trial using container grown plants. It gave effective protection of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), cherry (Prunus avium (L.) L.) and field maple (Acer campestre L.) from simazine damage, but there appeared to be little evidence for a protective action with napropamide or pendimethalin. Further research is therefore required before the use of activated charcoal as a protectant against herbicide damage to tree seed in nurseries and direct sown woodlands can be recommended more widely.
Cooperative Binding Interactions Required for Function of the Ty1 Sterile Responsive Element (1997)

The Ste12p transcription factor controls the expression of Ty1 transposable element insertion mutations and genes whose products are required for mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The binding site for Ste12p is a consensus DNA sequence known as a pheromone response element (PRE). Upstream activating sequences (UASs) derived from known Ste12p-dependent genes have previously been characterized to require either multiple PREs or a single PRE coupled to a binding site for a second protein. The Ste12p-dependent UAS from Ty1, called a sterile response element (SRE), is of the second type and is comprised of a PRE and an adjacent TEA (TEF-1, Tec1, and AbaA motif) DNA consensus sequence (TCS). In this report, we show by UV cross-linking analysis that two proteins, Ste12p and a protein with an apparent size of 72 kDa, directly contact the Ty1 SRE. Other experiments show that Tec1p is required for formation of the Ty1 SRE protein-DNA complex and is physically present in the complex. These results establish a direct role for Tec1p in the Ty1 SRE and yet another set of combinatorial interactions that achieve a qualitatively distinct mode of transcriptional regulation with Ste12p.
Materials And Their Properties As They Apply To Electroabsorptive Devices (1978)

Electroabsorptive phenomena such as the Franz-Keldysh effect have prompted a considerable number of new device concepts which have potential application in electro-optic systems. The fundamental physical processes underlying these phenomena along with the special material requirements needed to design such new devices are reviewed in this article. Emphasis is placed on the design of electroabsorption modulators, detectors, and filters as well as the latest state of the art of these devices.
High-accuracy positioning using phase difference of electrode array for two-dimensional communication sensor network (2DCSN) (2011)

The two-dimensional communication sensor network (2DCSN) is a novel physical form of communication that utilizes the surface as a communication medium to provide both data and power transmission services to the devices placed atop it. To enable 2DCSN to detect the position of sensor devices on the 2D communication sheet, we develop a simple and highly accurate position identifying method that maps phase differences measured at electrode array corresponding to a pilot signal sent by sensor device. We evaluate our proposed method by performing actual position measurement on a 30 cm × 30 cm area, where the phase differences are measured by eight array electrodes corresponding to 2.44GHz pilot signal. The experiment results reveal that our method can detect position at resolution of 2.5 cm square grid perfectly.