gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and structural analysis of the human c-kit gene. (1992)

The recent identification of the mouse White spotting and Steel loci as genes encoding the c-kit receptor and its ligand, respectively, has shed light on the importance of this ligand and receptor in embryogenesis, melanogenesis and hematopoiesis. In order to determine if the c-kit proto-oncogene is involved in human disease, we isolated seven overlapping lambda recombinants, using a fetal brain cDNA, and characterized the normal human gene (KIT). The longest mapped transcript is 5230 bp, is alternatively spliced and includes 21 exons that span more than 70 kb of DNA. From the exon-intron structure, we have localized an alternative splice site to the 3' end of exon 9. The overall c-kit gene structure closely resembles that found in the CSF-1R gene (c-fms). This similarity includes a large first intron, the same number of exons containing translated sequence and very similar exon-intron boundaries. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we have linked KIT to the platelet-derived growth factor receptor A gene, with both residing on a 700-kb BssHI fragment. These data will allow investigation into the control of KIT expression and the potential to identify mutations or altered expression of this gene in human disease.
Electrochemical Reaction of the SiAg Binary System with Li (2005)

Si and Si-based alloys are promising candidates for use as negative electrode materials in Li-ion batteries because of their large specific capacities of up to ten times that of graphite. The phases that form during the insertion of Li in the electrode material can have a significant impact on the capacity retention of the material. A series of studies have been performed on the reaction of Li with films over wide composition ranges, where M is an element that itself alloys with Li. This is the first in a series of three papers that will present the results of these studies for a variety of elements, M. This paper presents the results obtained for the reaction of Li with films along with a simple model of the structure changes in the films during the insertion and removal of Li.
A new zero-ripple switching DC-to-DC converter and integrated magnetics (1983)

A new switching dc-to-dc converter is synthesized which consist of the least number of storage elements (inductive and capacitive) and switches, and yet truly emulates the ideally desired dc-to-dc transformer having both input and output currents as pure dc quantities with no ripple. This result was facilitated by implementation of a new concept termed integrated magnetics, which leads in some special switching structures to the integration of otherwise independent and separate magnetic components (inductors and transformers) into a single magnetic circuit.
Evaluation of an aqueous drainage glaucoma device constructed of ePTFE (1999)

Aqueous drainage devices for the treatment of glaucoma are subject to the same limitations as most polymeric implants, namely a healing response comprised of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. The most widely used devices are currently made of silicone or polypropylene, materials that exhibit biocompatibility difficulties when they are implanted on the sclera underneath the conjunctiva of the eye. Decreased outflow of aqueous fluid to the conjunctival space caused by the development of a fibrous capsule around the device accounts for at least 20% of aqueous shunts failures. Clearly, the need exists to improve the healing response to aqueous drainage devices, and one approach is to develop new polymers or polymer modifications. Improved devices would elicit a limited fibrotic response while increasing neovascularization around the implant. Previous studies have indicated that denucleation markedly improves the healing characteristics and biocompatibility of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). We reasoned that altering the design of drainage devices to allow the use of denucleated ePTFE in vivo might minimize fibrosis, thereby improving shunt function. We found that after 8 weeks in vivo, experimental shunt function was equivalent to the Baerveldt shunt, while there was less scarring with increased neovascularizatin. These findings suggest that ePTFE has potential as an improved, long-term alternative material for use in constructing glaucoma shunts.
Application of a floating point digital signal processor to a dynamic robot measurement system (2002)

The development of floating point digital signal processors (DSP) has led to a significant improvement in digital signal processing. This paper presents the application of a floating point DSP to the real time data processing and control of a dynamic robot measurement system, which is based on a single laser beam that is deflected over a mirror mounted to a beam steering mechanism. The specifications with regard to high accuracy of the measurement system and the cycle time for the numerous calculations that are performed to acquire the desired measurement data are reached with dedicated data acquisition modules that are connected via a 32 bits bus to a DSP. This configuration allows measurements with more than 10 kHz sampling rare and the execution of a sophisticated prediction control algorithm at the same rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
R-Roscovitine (Seliciclib) prevents DNA damage-induced cyclin A1 upregulation and hinders non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair (2010)

Our data reveal a new mechanism of action for R-Roscovitine on DNA repair through the inhibition of the molecular switch between cyclin A family members under genotoxic conditions resulting in reduced NHEJ capability.
“Little Helper” — An Autonomous Industrial Mobile Manipulator Concept (2011)

This paper presents the concept “autonomous industrial mobile manipulation” (AIMM) based on the mobile manipulator “Little Helper” – an ongoing research project at Aalborg University, Denmark, concerning the development of an autonomous and flexible manufacturing assistant. The paper focuses on the contextual aspects and the working principles of AIMM. Furthermore, the paper deals with the design principles and overall hardware and software architectures of “Little Helper” from a functional and modular mechatronics point of view, in order to create a generic AIMM platform. The design challenges faced in the project is to integrate commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and dedicated highly integrated systems into an autonomous mobile manipulator system with the ability to perform diverse tasks in industrial environments. We propose an action based domain specific communication language for AIMM for routine and task definition, in order to lower the entry barriers for the users of the technology. To demonstrate the “Little Helper” concept a full-scale prototype has been built and different application examples carried out. Experiences and knowledge gained from this show promising results regarding industrial integration, exploitation and maturation of the AIMM technology.
Microstimulation of Cortical Area MT Affects Performance on a Visual Working Memory Task (2001)

We applied electrical stimulation to physiologically identified sites in macaque middle temporal area (MT) to examine its role in short-term storage of recently encoded information about stimulus motion. We used a behavioral task in which monkeys compared the directions of two moving random-dot stimuli, sample and test, separated by a 1.5-s delay. Four sample directions were used for each site, and the animals had to indicate whether the direction of motion in the sample was the same as or different to the direction of motion in the test. We found that the effect of stimulation of the same directional column in MT depended on the behavioral state of the animal. Although stimulation had strong effects when applied during the encoding and the storage components of the task, these effects were not equivalent. Stimulation applied during the presentation of the sample produced signals interpreted by the monkeys as directional motion. However, the same stimulation introduced during the period of storage no longer produced signals interpreted as unambiguous directional information. We conclude that the directional information used by the monkeys in the working memory task is likely to be provided by neurons in MT, and the use of this information appears to be dependent on the portion of the task during which stimulation was delivered. Finally, the disruptive effects of stimulation during the delay suggest that MT neurons not only participate in the encoding of visual motion information but also in its storage by either maintaining an active connection with the circuitry involved in storage or being an integral component of that circuitry.
On the Mechanistic Origins of Toughness in Bone (2010)

One of the most intriguing protein materials found in nature is bone, a material composed of assemblies of tropocollagen molecules and tiny hydroxyapatite mineral crystals that form an extremely tough, yet lightweight, adaptive and multifunctional material. Bone has evolved to provide structural support to organisms, and therefore its mechanical properties are of great physiological relevance. In this article, we review the structure and properties of bone, focusing on mechanical deformation and fracture behavior from the perspective of the multidimensional hierarchical nature of its structure. In fact, bone derives its resistance to fracture with a multitude of deformation and toughening mechanisms at many size scales ranging from the nanoscale structure of its protein molecules to the macroscopic physiological scale.
Human (MDR1) and Mouse (mdr1,mdr3) P-glycoproteins Can Be Distinguished by Their Respective Drug Resistance Profiles and Sensitivity to Modulators (1995)

Possible functional differences between P-glycoproteins (P-gps) encoded by the human MDR1 and mouse mdr1 and mdr3 genes with respect to drug resistance profiles and sensitivity to known modulators have been investigated. For this, the three genes were introduced and overexpressed in the same cellular background, that of Chinese hamster LR73 ovary cells, and drug-resistant clones expressing comparable amounts of the corresponding P-gps were selected under the same conditions. Analysis of the specific drug resistance profiles encoded by each P-gp for colchicine, adriamycin, vinblastine, and actinomycin D revealed overlapping but distinct patterns of drug resistance for the three isoforms. While all three P-gps conferred levels of resistance to vinblastine that did not vary by more than 2.5-fold, each isoform could be clearly distinguished by its capacity to confer resistance to colchicine and actinomycin D. Likewise, the study of structurally related and unrelated P-gp modulators indicated strong isoform-specific differences in the capacity of individual modulators to abrogate vinblastine resistance in the corresponding mdr transfectants. The study of several disubstituted piperazine analogs indicated that minor chemical modifications of the linker region of this modulator had strong effects on the sensitivity profile of each isoform to the modulator. Together, these results indicate that the three P-gp isoforms analyzed have specific and distinguishable functional characteristics with respect to interactions with drugs and modulators. These findings also suggest that P-gp positive murine transplantable tumors should be used with caution in the design and in vivo testing of novel P-gp modulators to be used to reverse multidrug resistance to tumor cells expressing human MDR1.
Classifying schematic and data heterogeneity in multidatabase systems (1991)

A complete framework for enumerating and classifying the types of multidatabase system (MDBS) structural and representational discrepancies is developed. The framework is structured according to a relational database schema and is both practical and complete. It was used to build the UniSQL/M commercial multidatabase system. This MDBS was built over Structured-Query-Language-based relational database systems and a unified relational and object-oriented database system named UniSQL/X. However, the results are substantially applicable to heterogeneous database systems that use a nonrelational data model (for example, an object-oriented data model) as the common data model and allow the formulation of queries directly against the component database schemas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Area-Specific Crime Prediction Models (2016)

The convergence of public data and statistical modeling has created opportunities for public safety officials to prioritize the deployment of scarce resources on the basis of predicted crime patterns. Current crime prediction methods are trained using observed crime and information describing various criminogenic factors. Researchers have favored global models (e.g., of entire cities) due to a lack of observations at finer resolutions (e.g., ZIP codes). These global models and their assumptions are at odds with evidence that the relationship between crime and criminogenic factors is not homogeneous across space. In response to this gap, we present area-specific crime prediction models based on hierarchical and multi-task statistical learning. Our models mitigate sparseness by sharing information across ZIP codes, yet they retain the advantages of localized models in addressing non-homogeneous crime patterns. Out-of-sample testing on real crime data indicates predictive advantages over multiple state-of-the-art global models.
Middle Tertiary Volcanism During Ridge-Trench Interactions in Western California (1992)

Bimodal volcanism in the Santa Maria Province of west-central California occurred when segments of the East Pacific Rise interacted with a subduction zone along the California margin during the Early Miocene (about 17 million years ago). Isotopic compositions of neodymium and strontium as well as trace-element data indicate that these volcanic rocks were derived from a depleted-mantle (mid-ocean ridge basalt) source. After ridge-trench interactions, the depleted-mantle reservoir was juxtaposed beneath the continental margin and was erupted to form basalts. It also assimilated and partially melted local Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary and metasedimentary basement rocks to form rhyolites and dacites.
Favourable dermal penetration of diclofenac after administration to the skin using a novel spray gel formulation (2005)

Owing to its favourable penetration characteristics and low systemic availability, MIKA Diclofenac Spray Gel 4% is a rational alternative to oral diclofenac formulations for the treatment of inflammatory soft tissue conditions.
Development of a patrol robot for home security with network assisted interactions (2007)

In this paper we present the development of a patrol robot system for home security with some considerations on its interaction functionalities. The system integrates a variety of sensors to gather environmental information and detect abnormal events including fire alarm, intruder alert and lethal gas leakage. To facilitate a security robot to live with people in a home environment, we implement some dedicated human-robot interactions, including a face mask with several facial expressions and a force feedback steering wheel controller. All of the sensor measurements and the dedicated interactions can be remotely accessed via the Internet. We further design an indoor patrol algorithm that can autonomously command the mobile robot to move randomly, avoid obstacles, or steer along a wall baseline based on ultrasonic and vision data fusion. Finally, we apply the patrol robot system to patrol the second floor of EE building of our campus and provide several experimental results for validating its performance.
Investigation of enhancer structure activity relationships in congeners of 2-(1-nonyl)-1,3-dioxolane (1995)

Twelve analogues of 2-(1-nonyl)-1,3-dioxolane were examined for enhancer activity using occluded hairless mouse skin in vitro with hydrocortisone as the model drug. Controls consisted of no enhancer or vehicle pretreatment (I) or propylene glycol pretreatment 1 h prior to drug application (II). Enhancers were applied at 0.4 M in propylene glycol (PG) 1 h prior to skin application of a saturated suspension of hydrocortisone in the same vehicle. The highest 24-h receptor concentration (Q24) of steroid was observed using 2-(1-nonyl)-1,3-dioxolane: 131.472 ± 20.659 μM compared to Control I of 16.462 ± 4.859 Rm. Control II Q24 values were 34.015 ± 9.959 μm. The highest skin steroid content was produced by 2-(1-nonyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane: 431.4 ± 212.2 μg g-1 and 2-(1-nonyl)-2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane: 385.7 ± 138.7 μg g-1. Skin steroid content of Control I was 490.2 ± 243.2 μg g-1 and of II was 112.7 ± 31.3 μg g-1. Control I and II results indicated that PG was exhibiting enhancer activity. All 12 dioxolanes showed poor skin steroid retention (compared with Control I), suggesting that these compounds could be useful for enhancing systemic rather than local drug delivery.
Characterization of three new condensation particle counters for sub-3 nm particle detection during the Helsinki CPC workshop: the ADI versatile water CPC, TSI 3777 nano enhancer and boosted TSI 3010 (2017)

Abstract. In this study we characterized the performance of three new particle counters able to detect particles smaller than 3 nm during the Helsinki condensation particle counter (CPC) workshop in summer 2016: the Aerosol Dynamics Inc. (ADI; Berkeley, USA) versatile water condensation particle counter (vWCPC), TSI 3777 nano enhancer (TSI Inc., Shoreview, USA) and modified and boosted TSI 3010-type CPC from Université Blaise Pascal called a B3010. The performance of all CPCs was first measured with charged tungsten oxide test particles at temperature settings which resulted in supersaturation low enough to not detect any ions produced by a radioactive source. Due to similar measured detection efficiencies, additional comparison between the 3777 and vWCPC were conducted using electrically neutral tungsten oxide test particles and with positively charged tetradodecylammonium bromide. Furthermore, the detection efficiencies of the 3777 and vWCPC were measured with boosted temperature settings yielding supersaturation which was at the onset of homogeneous nucleation for the 3777 or confined within the range of liquid water for the ADI vWCPC. Finally, CPC-specific tests were conducted to probe the response of the 3777 to various inlet flow relative humidities, of the B3010 to various inlet flow rates and of the vWCPC to various particle concentrations. For the 3777 and vWCPC the measured 50 % detection diameters (d50s) were in the range of 1.3–2.4 nm for the tungsten oxide particles, depending on the particle charging state and CPC temperature settings, between 2.5 and 3.3 nm for the organic test aerosol, and in the range of 3.2–3.4 nm for tungsten oxide for the B3010.
Generalized Field Development Optimization Using Derivative-Free Procedures (2013)

Abstract The optimization of general oil field development problems is considered. Techniques are presented to simultaneously determine the optimal number and type of new wells, the sequence in which they should be drilled, and their corresponding locations and (time-varying) controls. The optimization is posed as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem and involves categorical, integer-valued, and real-valued variables. The formulation handles bound, linear, and nonlinear constraints; the latter are treated using filter-based techniques. Noninvasive derivative-free approaches are applied for the optimizations. Methods considered include Branch and Bound (B&B, a rigorous global search procedure that requires relaxation of the categorical variables), Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS, a local pattern search method), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO, a heuristic global search method) and a PSO-MADS hybrid. Three example cases involving two-dimensional channelized reservoir models are presented. The PSO-MADS hybrid is shown to consistently outperform the standalone MADS and PSO procedures. In the two cases in which B&B is applied, the heuristic PSO-MADS approach is shown to give comparable solutions but at much lower computational cost. This is significant since B&B provides exhaustive search capabilities. We conclude that, although it is demanding in terms of computation, the methodology presented here appears to be applicable for realistic reservoir management.
Left Handed Materials Based on Magnetic Nanocomposites (2006)

Abstract : A new measurement technique has been proposed to determine the sign of the index of refraction in thin film samples. We have observed signature of negative index in NiFe-SiO2 magnetic granular materials and in NiFe/SiO2 multilayers. However, the signal is weak due to thin sample and is very much sample dependent, we could not consistently confirm the properties. We have theoretically established selection criteria for magnetic materials and their structures to achieve LHMs or NIMs. We have theoretically proposed several new structures that show negative index of refraction (NIMs). These structures include: 1) Double negative materials (DNMs) for LHMs: E/M multilayers consisting of alternating negative e and negative u layers. 2) Single negative materials (SNMs) for NIMs: Ferrite/(Semiconductor or Oxides) multilayer with negative u. We have developed a theory that unifies DNMs and SNMs as a function of two fundamental material parameters: quality factors for permittivity (Qe=e'/e) and permeability (Qu=u'u).
Assessment of fetal pulmonic maturity by measurement of the surface tension of amniotic fluid lipid extract. (1976)

Fetal pulmonic maturity is currently predicted by the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio which utilizes the changes with increased gestation in the lecithin component of amniotic fluid surfactant. The surface tension lowering property of lipids extracted from the amniotic fluid of 45 patients was measured directly. The surface tension (gamma) of various aliquots of the amniotic fluid lipid extract was measured by a modification of the Wilhelmy plate method. At 80 gamma of the extract, a gamma of 67 dynes/cm or less indicated pulmonic maturity, while a gamma of greater than 67 dynes/cm suggested immaturity, provided that the gamma at 200 gamma was greater than 56 dynes/cm. The fluid was termed transitional if the gamma was greater than 67 dynes/cm at 80 gama, but less than 56 dynes/cm at 200 gamma. A comparison was made with the L/S ratio; there were no false positive values and only 13.6% false negative surface tension values. Addition of blood to amniotic fluid, mature and immature, yielded the same results as with the L/S ratio. Two infants with respiratory distress syndrome had both immature L/S ratios and surface tension results. Results indicate that the surface tension of the amniotic fluid lipid extracts is a reliable and rapid means of antenatally predicting fetal pulmonic maturity.
Exploiting Problem Structure for Distributed Constraint Optimization. (1995)

Distributed constraint optimization imposes considerable complexity in agents&apos; coordinated search for an optimal solution. However, in many application domains, problems often exhibit special structures that can be exploited to facilitate more efficient problem solving. One of the most recurrent structures involves disparity among subproblems. We present a coordination mechanism, Anchor&amp;Ascend, for distributed constraint optimization that takes advantage of disparity among subproblems to efficiently guide distributed local search for global optimality. The coordination mechanism assigns different overlapping subproblems to agents who must interact and iteratively converge on a solution. In particular, an anchor agent who conducts local best first search to optimize its subsolution interacts with the rest of the agents who perform distributed constraint satisfaction to enforce problem constraints and constraints imposed by the anchor agent. We focus our study on the well-known NP-comple...