gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INCREASED SENSITIVITY TO PENTOBARBITAL BUT NOT VOLATILE ANESTHETICS IN GLUR2 DEFICIENT MICE* (1999)

S349 INTRODUCTION: Compared to wildtype littermates, mice genetically engineered to lack the GluR2 subunit of the AMPA receptor (GluR2 KO) demonstrate a decreased time to loss of righting reflex (LORR) and increased duration of LORR from barbiturate administration [1]. We hypothesized that if volatile anesthetics and barbiturates have similar mechanisms of action, then GluR2 KO mice would also demonstrate an enhanced sensitivity to volatile agents. To test this notion, we measured the MAC of isoflurane, desflurane, and halothane in GluR2 KO mice. METHODS: Age- and sex-matched GluR2 KO and wildtype littermate mice (12 per group, total 24 mice) were retained in clear plastic cylinders and initially received isoflurane at 0.6%, desflurane at 5.6%, or halothane at 0.9% given in oxygen. Rectal temperature was maintained between 36 to 39 [degree sign] C. Anesthetic concentrations were increased in 20 % increments after 20 min equilibration at each concentration. At the end of each equilibration period, movement in response to a 1 min tail-clamp stimulus was assessed. The MAC for each mouse was recorded and compared between GluR2 KO and wildtype mice using the Student's t-test. RESULTS: Neither isoflurane, desflurane, nor halothane MAC differed between GluR2 KO and wildtype mice. Isoflurane MAC was 1.30 +/- 0.28 % (mean +/- SD) and 1.25 +/- 0.24 % in the wildtype and GluR2KO mice, respectively (p=0.62). Values for desflurane were 8.00 +/- 0.84 % and 7.76 +/- 0.92 %, respectively (p=0.54), and for halothane were 1.17 +/- 0.09 % and 1.25 +/- 0.09 %, respectively (p=0.09). (Figure 1)Figure 1CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the differential effect of pentobarbital on the righting reflex in GluR2 KO mice versus wildtype mice, MAC for isoflurane, desflurane, and halothane did not differ for the two strains. These results suggest that different mechanisms may underlie the effects of these two classes of depressant drugs. Alternatively, the presence of the GluR2 subunit may influence neuronal networks that mediate the righting reflex but not the withdrawal to tail-clamp. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This work was supported by the First IARS Frontiers in Anesthesia Research Award to BAO, by the CAS/MRC Fellowship and PSIF grant to DTI, and by a grant to EIE from the NIH. BAO is also supported by the Ontario Ministry of Health.
The Hyphal and Yeast Forms of<i>Candida albicans</i>Bind the Complement Regulator C4b-Binding Protein (2004)

Candida albicans, an important pathogenic yeast, activates all three pathways of the complement system. To understand how this yeast evades the effects of the activated system, we have analyzed the binding of the classical pathway inhibitor C4b-binding protein (C4BP) by C. albicans. Purified native as well as recombinant C4BP bound dose dependently to the yeast and hyphal forms, as shown by multiple methods, such as confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, absorption from human serum, and direct binding assays with purified proteins. A prominent binding site was identified at the tip of the germ tube, a structure that is considered important for tissue penetration and pathogenesis. The binding site in C4BP was localized to the two N-terminal complement control protein domains by using recombinant deletion constructs and site-specific monoclonal antibodies. As the alternative pathway inhibitors factor H and FHL-1 also bind to C. albicans, the binding of all three plasma proteins was compared. Simultaneous binding of the classical regulator C4BP and the alternative pathway regulator factor H was demonstrated by confocal microscopy. In addition, FHL-1 competed for binding with C4BP, suggesting that these two related complement regulators bind to the same structures on the yeast surface. The surface-attached C4BP maintains its complement regulatory activities and inactivates C4b. The surface-attached human C4BP serves multiple functions relevant for immune evasion and likely pathogenicity. It inhibits complement activation at the yeast surface and, in addition, mediates adhesion of C. albicans to host endothelial cells.
Diffusivity Estimations Based on Seismicity Triggered by Fluid Injections in Boreholes (2004)

P014 DIFFUSIVITY ESTIMATIONS BASED ON SEISMICITY TRIGGERED BY FLUID INJECTIONS IN BOREHOLES F. KARPFINGER M. MIETH M. PAROTIDIS E. ROTHERT and S.A. SHAPIRO Geophysics Department Freie Universitaet Berlin Malteser Strasse 74-100 12249 Berlin Germany Summary Generally microseismicity is observed during fluid injection experiments in boreholes. We assume that these events are triggered by pore pressure perturbations and present two methods for estimating hydraulic properties of the seismically active region. The first method called the event rate method allows the estimation of scalar diffusivity of rocks based on the analysis of the event rate of seismic events. For this method an
Right Heart: Split-Bolus Injection of Diluted Contrast Medium for Visualization at Coronary CT Angiography (2008)

Split-bolus injection provides sufficient attenuation for visualization of the right heart, while streak artifacts from high-attenuation contrast material can generally be avoided and arterial attenuation is maintained.
ECG data compression using cut and align beats approach and 2-D transforms (1999)

A new electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression method is presented which employs a two dimensional (2-D) transform. This 2-D transform method utilizes the fact that ECG signals generally show two types of redundancies--between adjacent heartbeats and between adjacent samples. A heartbeat data sequence is cut and beat-aligned to form a 2-D data array. Any 2-D compression method can then be applied. Transform coding using the 2-D discrete cosine transform (DCT) [2-D DCT] is employed here as an example. Using selections from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia and Medtronic databases, results are presented that illustrate substantial improvement in compression ratio over one-dimensional methods for comparable percent root-mean-square difference (PRD).
Health information technology (2017)

This forum is dedicated to personal health in all its many facets: decision-making, goal setting, celebration, discovery, reflection, and coordination, among others. We look at innovations in interactive technologies and how they help address current critical healthcare challenges. --- Yunan Chen, Editor
Serum total testosterone: immunoassay compared with negative chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1996)

We have developed an electron capture negative chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) procedure to quantify serum testosterone in the clinically relevant range 0.69-69.3 nmol/L and used this procedure to assess Ciba Corning Diagnostics ACS:180 testosterone immunoassay. The GC-MS method involves liquid-liquid extraction of serum samples and synthesis of a pentafluorobenzyloxime/silyl ether derivative of testosterone with excellent chromatographic and electron capturing properties. The ACS testosterone assay is the first fully automated nonradioactive testosterone immunoassay approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Patients' specimens (101, 57 males, 44 females) were analyzed by both techniques. A plot of the GC-MS (x) vs ACS (y) testosterone concentrations for men was linear (y = 1.07x + 0.19 nmol/L), showing excellent correlation (r2 = 0.98) between the two assays. Agreement of the two assays for female specimens was poor (y = 0.72x + 1.2 nmol/L), with a poor correlation (r2 = 0.31).
Development and evaluation of an open source wearable navigation aid for visually impaired users (CYCLOPS) (2012)

A wearable computing navigation aid for the visually impaired was designed, tested and evaluated in a series of pilot experiments. The system comprises an ultrasonic transceiver, a digital compass with a built-in accelerometer, sound playback electronics, a vibration motor and a microcontroller, all integrated inside a glove. The system prototype is power autonomous for about an hour and interfaces with the user through both audio and tactile output. The system design goals were reliability, wearability, power autonomy, an intuitive user interface, and open source architecture, low cost and rapid prototyping. A total of 16 pilot testers participated in evaluation experiments, in which they had to use CYCLOPS (http://cyclops-eye.yolasite.com) to navigate an unfamiliar obstacle course towards a goal destination designated by an audio target. 5 of the pilot testers were visually impaired, and 11 were blindfolded seeing individuals. Post-experiment interviews were used to collect qualitative data from all participants. Results indicate that pilot testers of both groups found CYCLOPS to be intuitive to use for blind navigation, even after a brief 5min familiarization period. Several functional corrections and requirements were extracted from the experimental and qualitative data, which will be used to drive the design of future CYCLOPS prototypes.
A comparative study of Shunt Active Power Filter performance in distribution systems (2011)

This paper aims to present a comparative simulation study of Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) compensation performance on a three-phase three-wire distribution system supplying a nonlinear load. The SAPF model is developed to generate compensating reference currents by instantaneous reactive power theory based hysteresis current controller. The simulation of the distribution system supplying a three-phase nonlinear load based on MATLAB/SIMULINK and PSCAD/ EMTDC software show the effect on compensating reactive power and harmonic components of the source current. Simulation results show that, MATLAB outperformed over PSCAD to accurately implement and validate the model providing more degrees of freedom and relatively better settings in real time.
The Direct Synthesis of a Silene–Organometallic Complex (2004)

σ or π? The direct synthesis and the molecular and electronic structures of a novel η2-silene platinum complex, 1, is reported (see scheme). The nature of bonding in 1 was studied by using geometrical and electronic structure criteria, and the results suggested that 1 is best described as an hybrid between a π complex and a σ-cyclopropane structure with a more dominant π-complex character than in a related disilene complex.
Comparative genomics and transcriptomics analysis‐guided metabolic engineering of <i>Propionibacterium acidipropionici</i> for improved propionic acid production (2017)

Acid stress induced by the accumulation of organic acids during the fermentation of propionibacteria is a severe limitation in the microbial production of propionic acid (PA). To enhance the acid resistance of strains, the tolerance mechanisms of cells must first be understood. In this study, comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted on wild-type and acid-tolerant Propionibacterium acidipropionici to reveal the microbial response of cells to acid stress during fermentation. Combined with the results of previous proteomic and metabolomic studies, several potential acid-resistance mechanisms of P. acidipropionici were analyzed. Energy metabolism and transporter activity of cells were regulated to maintain pH homeostasis by balancing transmembrane transport of protons and ions; redundant protons were eliminated by enhancing the metabolism of certain amino acids for a relatively stable intracellular microenvironment; and protective mechanism of macromolecules were also induced to repair damage to proteins and DNA by acids. Transcriptomic data indicated that the synthesis of acetate and lactate were undesirable in the acid-resistant mutant, the expression of which was 2.21-fold downregulated. In addition, metabolomic data suggested that the accumulation of lactic acid and acetic acid reduced the carbon flow to PA and led to a decrease in pH. On this basis, we propose a metabolic engineering strategy to regulate the synthesis of lactic acid and acetic acid that will reduce by-products significantly and increase the PA yield by 12.2% to 10.31 ± 0.84 g/g DCW. Results of this study provide valuable guidance to understand the response of bacteria to acid stress and to construct microbial cell factories to produce organic acids by combining systems biology technologies with synthetic biology tools.
Principles governing the preparation of membranes having graded porosities. The properties of “gradocol” membranes as ultrafilters (1937)

W. J. Elford, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1937, 33, 1094 DOI: 10.1039/TF9373301094
hiREP: Hierarchical Reputation Management for Peer-to-Peer Systems (2006)

The open feature of peer-to-peer systems invites the spread of the malfunctioning data. Additional reputation systems are constructed to guarantee the data authenticity. One challenge in these systems is how to store and spread trust value securely and efficiently. Devoid of a central control system, most of the recently proposed P2P reputation systems adopt flooding based polling mechanisms, which need to inquire into every node in the system. The polling mechanisms create heavy traffic, do not guarantee voter anonymity, and make it hard for peers to filter out the fake trust values. In this paper, we propose a reputation management system - hiREP to address these problems. A peer in hiREP system only needs to contact a small group of reputation agents to obtain the trust values. hiREP guarantees data authenticity and voter anonymity, and also makes it easier for peers to filter out fake trust values
Effect of Dissolved Gas and Salt on the Hydrophobic Force between Polypropylene Surfaces (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Dissolved Gas and Salt on the Hydrophobic Force between Polypropylene SurfacesLaurence Meagher and Vincent S. J. CraigCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 8, 2736–2742Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00020a039https://doi.org/10.1021/la00020a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views692Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeting of the surfactant protein A receptor SP-R210L variant by influenza A virus in macrophages. (INM8P.440) (2014)

Abstract Alveolar macrophages (AM) are critical for controlling IAV infection by limiting virus release and by initiating innate and adaptive immunity. Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are a primary line of defense against IAV. Previous studies demonstrated that the SP-A receptor SP-R210 mediates clearance of SP-A-opsonized pathogens. Macrophages express two variants, SP-R210L and SP-R210S, though SP-R210L is predominant on AMs. Here, we studied the role of SP-R210 in IAV infection. We show that disruption of SP-R210L in vitro blocked IAV infection with H3N2 and H1N1 IAV strains. Flow cytometry and microscopy experiments showed that SP-R210L is required for endocytic trafficking of IAV to the nucleus. Furthermore, SP-R210L-mediated infection of macrophages was coupled to the production of TNFα. Interestingly, SP-R210L-deficient macrophages were hyper-responsive to the TLR7 ligand imiquimod. Accordingly, IAV inhibited SP-R210L expression in a time-dependent manner. To address these results in vivo, we studied transgenic mice with conditional disruption of SP-R210 in macrophages; SP-R210-deficient mice were significantly more susceptible to IAV infection as indicated by increased morbidity, decreased survival, and severe lung histopathology compared to WT littermates. Taken together, these findings support the model that by co-opting SP-R210L in AMs, IAV causes a functional ‘knock-down’, reducing the beneficial function of SP-R210L and leading to excessive lung inflammation.
Towards Practical Privacy for Genomic Computation (2008)

Many basic tasks in computational biology involve operations on individual DNA and protein sequences. These sequences, even when anonymized, are vulnerable to re-identification attacks and may reveal highly sensitive information about individuals. We present a relatively efficient, privacy-preserving implementation of fundamental genomic computations such as calculating the edit distance and Smith- Waterman similarity scores between two sequences. Our techniques are crypto graphically secure and significantly more practical than previous solutions. We evaluate our prototype implementation on sequences from the Pfam database of protein families, and demonstrate that its performance is adequate for solving real-world sequence-alignment and related problems in a privacy- preserving manner. Furthermore, our techniques have applications beyond computational biology. They can be used to obtain efficient, privacy-preserving implementations for many dynamic programming algorithms over distributed datasets.
Radial Basis Function Networks 2 (2001)

The Radial Basis Function (RBF) network has gained in popularity in recent years. This is due to its desirable properties in classification and functional approximation applications, accompanied by tr
Evidence for differential roles of nitric oxide (NO) and hyperpolarization in endothelium‐dependent relaxation of pig isolated coronary artery (1994)

1. The possible roles of endothelial and smooth muscle cell hyperpolarization and nitric oxide (NO) in endothelium-dependent relaxation were examined in isolated rings of pig right coronary artery. 2. The effects of hyperpolarization were prevented with high K+ (30-125 mM), isotonic Krebs solutions. Functional antagonism due to high K(+)-induced smooth muscle contraction was prevented with 0.3 microM nifedipine (in all treatments, for consistency). All rings were contracted with the thromboxane-mimetic U46619, (1-100 nM) to bring them to an initial active force of within 30-50% of maximum contraction. 3. High K+ had no effects on the sensitivity (EC50) or time course of endothelium-dependent (substance P, SP; bradykinin, BK; calcimycin, A23187) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) agents. Maximum relaxations (Rmax) to SP, BK and A23187 were reduced significantly by approximately 20% but only with 125 mM K+. 4. In normal K+ Krebs solution (5.9 mM), NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG; 100 microM) caused 40%, 20% and no reduction in Rmax for SP, BK and SNP respectively. EC50s for SP and BK were decreased significantly by approximately two fold whereas that for SNP was increased significantly by approximately ten fold. At all high K+ concentrations (30-125 mM), L-NOARG (100 microM) caused complete inhibition of relaxations to SP and BK but those to SNP were unaffected. 5. High K+ (30 mM) unmasked potent and concentration-dependent inhibition of relaxations of SP by L-NOARG. At 10 microM L-NOARG, all relaxation responses to SP were abolished and at the higher concentrations of SP (1-10 nM) small but significant contractions were observed. 6. N0-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) had similar effects on relaxations to SP in the presence of 30 mM K+ except that maximum inhibition (40%) of Rmax was achieved at 10 MicroM L-NMMA and this was not increased with either 100 or 1000 MicroM L-NMMA. In normal K+, L-NMMA (1000 MicroM) only decreased the EC50 by approximately two fold, without affecting Rmax.7. High choline+ (25, 75 and 125 mM) isotonic Krebs also had no direct effect on the relaxations to SP,but like high K+, enabled L-NOARG (100 MicroM) to inhibit these responses completely. Neither charybdotoxin(30 nM) nor substitution of 25 mM NaCl with 50 mM sucrose had any direct effect on relaxations to SP or on the block of relaxations to SP by L-NOARG (100 MicroM).8. In conclusion, most if not all of the endothelium-dependent relaxation in the pig coronary artery in vitro is due to NO, but hyperpolarization can supplement 60% -80% of this response if NO synthesis is blocked. Multiple endothelium-derived factors could not only explain heterogeneity of the degree of block of endothelium-dependent relaxation responses by L-arginine analogues, but also constitute important 'back-up' mechanisms for control of arterial diameter.
1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol Evaluates Daily Glycemic Excursions in Well-Controlled NIDDM (1995)

The findings suggest that the plasma 1,5-AG concentration can be a useful index of the daily excursion of blood glucose, especially in patients with well-controlled NIDDM.
Direct Interactions between HIF-1α and Mdm2 Modulate p53 Function (2003)

The p53 tumor suppressor is maintained at low levels in normal cells by Mdm2-mediated degradation and strongly stabilized in response to various types of stress including hypoxia. Although hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) has been implicated to be involved in p53 stabilization, the precise mechanism by which HIF-1 alpha regulates p53-mediated function remains unknown. Here, we found that HIF-1 alpha directly binds Mdm2 both in vitro and in vivo; in contrast, p53 fails to directly interact with HIF-1 alpha in vitro. Interestingly, Mdm2 expression can significantly enhance the in vivo association between p53 and HIF-1 alpha, indicating that Mdm2 may act as a bridge and mediate the indirect interaction between HIF-1 alpha and p53 in cells. Furthermore, HIF-1 alpha protects p53 degradation mediated by Mdm2, and leads to activation of p53-mediated transcription in cells. To elucidate the mechanism of HIF-1 alpha-mediated effect, we also found that HIF-1 alpha can significantly suppress Mdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitination in vitro and blocks Mdm2-mediated nuclear export of p53. These results have significant implications regarding the molecular mechanism by which p53 is activated by HIF-1 alpha in response to hypoxia.
Reduction Effect of VOCs and Formaldehyde Using Auto Bake-Out System (2011)

A bake-out process using auto switchgear for five days was performed to evaluate the reduction effect of the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde in a newly-built elementary school gymnasium. Reduction rates of VOCs were observed as followings: 38.2, 64.2, 86.3, 80.2, and 71.5% for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene, respectively, which satisfies the indoor air quality standards of newly-built apartment houses in Korea. The reduction rate of total VOCs and formaldehyde were 67.0 and 24.7%, respectively. Those results proved that the bake-out process using auto switchgear was effective for reducing indoor air pollutants.