gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Back-Illuminated Voltage-Domain Global Shutter Pixel With Dual In-Pixel Storage (2018)

A 3.75-μm back-illuminated voltage-domain global shutter (GS) pixel is presented. The 10T pixel architecture presented contains two independently operable storage branches and supports dual-capture, high-dynamic-range (HDR) imaging and correlated double sampling functionality. Electronic shielding of the sample diffusions by the vertical photodiode is utilized to reach native and differential parasitic light sensitivities below -73.5 and -82.5 dB at 940 nm, respectively. A GS HDR image capture mode with minimal motion artifacts is also demonstrated.
Inflammation as a pathogenic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease. (1995)

Numerous markers of inflammation have been reported in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Although other pathogenic mechanisms certainly apply, there is now compelling evidence that inflammation is not simply a response to already existing Alzheimer's pathology, but ultimately becomes a significant source of pathology. The pathogenic potential of inflammation in Alzheimer's disease follows from the inherent destructiveness of inflammatory mechanisms, the postmitotic status of neurons, and the unique interactions of inflammatory markers and cells with pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's such as amyloid beta-peptide. These conclusions from basic science are borne out by recent clinical efforts, though the latter are still limited and require further confirmation.
Fuzzy Logic Based Robust DVC Design of PWM Rectifier Connected to a PMSG WECS under wind/load Disturbance Conditions (2019)

Permanent Magnet Generator has been widely used in Variable-Speed Wind Energy Conversion System (VSWECS). Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) of the generator side converter has the ability to have good regulation of the DC-link voltage to meet the requirements necessary to achieve optimal system operation, regardless of the disturbances caused by the characteristics of the drive train or some changes into the DC-load. The main focus of this paper is to present a model for a three-phase voltage source space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) rectifier which is connected to a PMSG in a wind turbine system, where a direct voltage control (DVC) using FLC based on voltage orientation strategy is used to control the mentioned rectifier. The control algorithm employs a fuzzy logic controller to effectively achieve a smooth control of DC-link voltage under wind/load perturbation conditions. Some simulation results, using Matlab/Simulink, are presented to show the effectiveness of the SVPWM rectifier Connected to a PMSG WECS with the proposed control strategy.
Potential of Immobilized Whole-Cell Methylocella tundrae as a Biocatalyst for Methanol Production from Methane (2016)

Methanol is a versatile compound that can be biologically synthesized from methane (CH4) by methanotrophs using a low energy-consuming and environment-friendly process. Methylocella tundrae is a type II methanotroph that can utilize CH4 as a carbon and energy source. Methanol is produced in the first step of the metabolic pathway of methanotrophs and is further oxidized into formaldehyde. Several parameters must be optimized to achieve high methanol production. In this study, we optimized the production conditions and process parameters for methanol production. The optimum incubation time, substrate, pH, agitation rate, temperature, phosphate buffer and sodium formate concentration, and cell concentration were determined to be 24 h, 50% CH4, pH 7, 150 rpm, 30°C, 100 mM and 50 mM, and 18 mg/ml, respectively. The optimization of these parameters significantly improved methanol production from 0.66 to 5.18 mM. The use of alginate-encapsulated cells resulted in enhanced methanol production stability and reusability of cells after five cycles of reuse under batch culture conditions.
Urban planning using data fusion of satellite and aerial photo images (2002)

Urban planning using data fusion of different satellite and aerial photo images can be very useful. However, multisource data fusion requires geometric and radiometric processing, adapted to the nature and characteristics of the data. In this way the best information available from each image is preserved in the composite image. With the increased resolution of satellite and aerial photo images (5 m and less), the off-nadir viewing angle of the satellite sensor (greater than 20 degrees), and the multi-source data available (such as SPOT, RADARSAT, and IRS), a general and accurate photogrammetric method which can deal with different satellite images and an accurate photogrammetric method for aerial photos are needed. For satellite images, a rigorous method developed at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS), Natural Resources Canada, which takes into account the nature of the data can be used. For aerial photos, the method of space resection by collinearity can be used. This paper presents data fusion results using SPOT, RADARSAT, IRS satellite images and an aerial photo. The results are sharp and precise, which enables a better and easier interpretation for urban planning.
Enhancing privacy in identity management systems (2007)

User-privacy in existing identity management systems (IMS) can be improved.Indeed, private credential systems offer privacy enhancing capabilities not yet included in current IMS; e.g. proving claims such as age > 18, with age an attribute. This paper introduces privacy enhanced claim URIs which enable to request personal data in a privacy friendly way. We show how many private credential capabilities can be achieved in current IMS without using private credentials and continue by showing how these URIs allow integration of private credential systems in Microsoft Cardspace. Since our approach is very simple and widely applicable, it allows to enhance privacy friendliness of today's online transactions.
Chemical Modifications in Therapeutic Protein Aggregates Generated under Different Stress Conditions (2011)

In this study, we characterized the chemical modifications in the monoclonal antibody (IgG(2)) aggregates generated under various conditions, including mechanical, chemical, and thermal stress treatment, to provide insight into the mechanism of protein aggregation and the types of aggregate produced by the different stresses. In a separate study, additional biophysical characterization was performed to arrange these aggregates into a classification system (Joubert, M. K., Luo, Q., Nashed-Samuel, Y., Wypych, J., and Narhi, L. O. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286, 25118-25133). Here, we report that different aggregates possessed different types and levels of chemical modification. For chemically treated samples, metal-catalyzed oxidation using copper showed site-specific oxidation of Met(246), His(304), and His(427) in the Fc portion of the antibody, which might be attributed to a putative copper-binding site. For the hydrogen peroxide-treated sample, in contrast, four solvent-exposed Met residues in the Fc portion were completely oxidized. Met and/or Trp oxidation was observed in the mechanically stressed samples, which is in agreement with the proposed model of protein interaction at the air-liquid interface. Heat treatment resulted in significant deamidation but almost no oxidation, which is consistent with thermally induced aggregates being generated by a different pathway, primarily by perturbing conformational stability. These results demonstrate that chemical modifications are present in protein aggregates; furthermore, the type, locations, and severity of the modifications depend on the specific conditions that generated the aggregates.
Introduction. Collaborations et expérience participative autour de l’exposition (2017)

L’exposition et le catalogue n’auraient jamais vu le jour sans l’implication et l’engagement de nombreuses personnes, associations et institutions. C’est d’abord à Mémoires Plurielles, association régionale présidée par Hélène Mouchard-Zay et portée activement par Pôleth Wadbled, sa chargée de mission, que l’on doit l’initiative de ce projet, étroitement épaulées par Joëlle Richard, très impliquée dans les activités de l’association et par une équipe de chercheurs de l’université de Tours (CN...
Flat-Top Sector Beams Using Only Array Element Phase Weighting: A Metaheuristic Optimization Approach (2012)

Abstract : The development of wide flat-top sector main beams by control of only the excitation phase of phased array elements is described. Pattern parameters are determined by an optimization approach using Visual Basic macros that control the repetitive application of Microsoft Excel's Solver spreadsheet add-in. By only controlling element phases with maximum equal amplitude signals, maximum integrated beam power is achieved. The basic common structure is a linear array of equally spaced elements optimized in a single angular plane. Applied to a square or triangular grid array, their parameters are combined to produce beams along two orthogonal principal planes, resulting in a square or rectangular flat-top profile. Circularly symmetric beam profiles are developed using a circular grid array. The impact of optimization, element phase precision, sector ripple, sidelobe levels, and integrated power are analyzed in some detail. The goal is to provide sufficient documented procedural detail that can then be specialized to specific array requirements.
Towards an Ultrasensitive Method for the Determination of Metal Impurities in Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

Residual catalyst metal nanoparticles remain one of the major obstructions in the utilization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in many areas owing to their ability to participate in redox chemistry of biomarkers. Presented here is a comparative study of several techniques for quality control of carbon nanotubes in terms of metallic impurities, namely magnetic susceptibility, electron paramagnetic resonance, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. It is found that the dc magnetic susceptibility is the most sensitive method such that the difference between two CNT samples that underwent slightly different treatments can be detected, whereas the two samples are indistinguishable by other techniques. Therefore, it is suggested that the most accurate statistical method for quality control of carbon nanotubes is dc magnetic susceptibility, which allows the detection of traces of magnetic metal impurities embedded in purified carbon nanotubes, whereas other methods may provide false "impurity-free" information.
Lexical segmentation and vocabulary growth in early language acquisition (1993)

The identification of appropriate lexical segmentations of the speech signal constitutes a problem for the language learner and the child language researcher alike. Articulatory precision and fluency criteria for identifying formulaic expressions, sub-lexical forms and target lexemes in linguistic productions are defined and applied to the analysis of two Danish children's language development between the ages of 1;0 and 2;0. The results of this analysis are compared to the results of applying standard distributional and frequency criteria in the tabulation of mean length of utterance and vocabulary profiles for both standard and non-standard lexical segmentations. It is argued that although the two methods yield converging profiles of development during the latter part of the period studied, articulatory precision and fluency criteria offer a more powerful tool for identifying alternative segmentation strategies in early language acquisition. Profiles of vocabulary development for these two children suggest that the solution to the segmentation problem may be an important trigger for their vocabulary spurts.
Chlorination of Paraffins<sup>1</sup> (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChlorination of Paraffins1H. B. Hass, E. T. McBee, and Paul WeberCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1936, 28, 3, 333–339Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50315a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50315a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Fish Gonadogenesis. Part I: Genetic and Environmental Mechanisms of Sex Determination (2008)

Many species of fish produced in aquaculture or for the ornamental fish trade exhibit sexual dimorphism in growth, age at maturity, secondary sexual characters, or other traits of interest. This has led to a desire to produce populations of only one sex for commercial ongrowing. Although direct sex reversal via manipulation of sex differentiation is used commercially (e.g., in tilapia aquaculture), in most cases there is a need to understand the sex determination system to some extent and manipulate this to produce monosex fish. Sex determination is the genetic or environmental process that establishes the sex (gender) of an organism, whereas sex differentiation is the process by which an undifferentiated gonad is transformed into an ovary or a testis. Fish are the most diverse group of vertebrates in terms of sex determination, and the number of fish species of interest to aquaculture keeps increasing. Together, these aspects explain the growing interest to understand how sex determination and differentiation produce the sex ratio. This review concentrates on recent research using the tools of molecular biology to broaden our understanding of the different aspects related to fish sex determination, both in model fish species and in species of commercial importance.
Role of alloying additions in the oxidation-sulfidation of Fe-base alloys (2020)

Thermogravimetric studies have been conducted on Fe-25 wt % Cr and Fe-25 wt % Cr-20 wt % Ni model alloys with and without additions of refractory metals such as Nb and Zr. In addition to bulk alloying, specimens of both alloys were prepared with surface implantation of Nb. The alloys with bulk additions of Nb and Zr exhibited Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ surface scales upon exposure to air and low partial pressure O/sub 2/ environments. The oxide grain size was much larger than that observed in the absence of Nb/Zr addition. In the oxygen-sulfur mixed-gas environments, the Nb- and Zr-modified alloys exhibited a barrier layer of an oxide of Nb or Zr at the Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3//substrate interface; this layer minimizes the outward transport of base-metal elements, thereby extending the time for initiation of breakaway corrosion. Experiments conducted with Nb-implanted binary and ternary alloys showed no effect on the oxidation rate in air and low partial pressure O/sub 2/ environments; however, the oxide grain size was substantially larger compared to that observed in the absence of implant. The Nb implant resulted in a substantial reduction in the oxidation rate of both alloys when exposed in low- and high-sulfur mixed-gas atmospheres. Information on the morphological features of the scales in these specimens as well as possible reasons for the implant benefit is presented. 6 refs., 16 figs.
The effects of a variable temperature regime on the physiology of the reef-building coral<i>Seriatopora hystrix</i>: results from a laboratory-based reciprocal transplant (2012)

To understand the effects of global climate change on reef-building corals, a thorough investigation of their physiological mechanisms of acclimatization is warranted. However, static temperature manipulations may underestimate the thermal complexity of the reefs in which many corals live. For instance, corals of Houbihu, Taiwan, experience changes in temperature of up to 10°C over the course of a day during spring-tide upwelling events. To better understand the phenotypic plasticity of these corals, a laboratory-based experiment was conducted whereby specimens of Seriatopora hystrix from an upwelling reef (Houbihu) and conspecifics from a non-upwelling reef (Houwan) were exposed to both a stable seawater temperature (26°C) regime and a regime characterized by a 6°C fluctuation (23-29°C) over a 12 h period for 7 days. A suite of physiological and molecular parameters was measured in samples of both treatments, as well as in experimental controls, to determine site of origin (SO) and temperature treatment (TT) responses. Only chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration and growth demonstrated the hypothesized trend of higher levels when exposed to a TT that mimicked SO conditions. In contrast, chl a, maximum dark-adapted quantum yield of photosystem II (F(v)/F(m)), and Symbiodinium ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL), photosystem I (psI, subunit III) and phosphoglycolate phosphatase (pgpase) mRNA expression demonstrated significant TT effects. Specifically, levels of these response variables were higher in samples exposed to a variable temperature regime, suggesting that S. hystrix may acclimate to fluctuating temperatures by increasing its capacity for photosynthesis.
Feedback Theory-Some Properties of Signal Flow Graphs (1953)

The equations characterizing a systems problem may be expressed as a network of directed branches. (The block diagram of a servomechanism is a familiar example.) A study of the topological properties of such graphs leads to techniques which have proven useful, both for the discussion of the general theory of feedback and for the solution of practical analysis problems.
An optimal checkpointing-strategy for real-time control systems under transient faults (2001)

Real-time computer systems are often used in harsh environments, such as aerospace, and in industry. Such systems are subject to many transient faults while in operation. Checkpointing enables a reduction in the recovery time from a transient fault by saving intermediate states of a task in a reliable storage facility, and then, on detection of a fault, restoring from a previously stored state. The interval between checkpoints affects the execution time of the task. Whereas inserting more checkpoints and reducing the interval between them reduces the reprocessing time after faults, checkpoints have associated execution costs, and inserting extra checkpoints increases the overall task execution time. Thus, a trade-off between the reprocessing time and the checkpointing overhead leads to an optimal checkpoint placement strategy that optimizes certain performance measures. Real-time control systems are characterized by a timely, and correct, execution of iterative tasks within deadlines. The reliability is the probability that a system functions according to its specification over a period of time. This paper reports on the reliability of a checkpointed real-time control system, where any errors are detected at the checkpointing time. The reliability is used as a performance measure to find the optimal checkpointing strategy. For a single-task control system, the reliability equation over a mission time is derived using the Markov model. Detecting errors at the checkpointing time makes reliability jitter with the number of checkpoints. This forces the need to apply other search algorithms to find the optimal number of checkpoints. By considering the properties of the reliability jittering, a simple algorithm is provided to find the optimal checkpoints effectively. Finally, the reliability model is extended to include multiple tasks by a task allocation algorithm.
A Memristor-Based Continuous-Time Digital FIR Filter for Biomedical Signal Processing (2015)

This paper proposes a new timing storage circuit based on memristors. Its ability to store and reproduce timing information in an analog manner without performing quantization can be useful for a wide range of applications. For continuous-time (CT) digital filters, the power and area costly analog delay blocks, which are usually implemented as inverter chains or their variants, can be replaced by the proposed timing storage circuits to delay CT digital signals in a more efficient way, especially for low-frequency biomedical applications that require very long tap delays. In addition, the same timing storage circuits also enable the storage of CT digital signals, extending the benefits of CT digital signal processing (DSP) to applications that require signal storage. As an example, a 15-tap CT finite impulse response (FIR) Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filter was designed with memristor-based delay blocks to smoothen electrocardiographic (ECG) signals accompanied with high-frequency noise. The simulated power consumption under a 3.3-volt supply was 6.63 μw.
Simultaneously Measuring Image Features and Resolution in Live-Cell STED Images (2018)

Reliable interpretation and quantification of cellular features in fluorescence microscopy requires an accurate estimate of microscope resolution. This is typically obtained by measuring the image of a nonbiological proxy for a point-like object, such as a fluorescent bead. Although appropriate for confocal microscopy, bead-based measurements are problematic for stimulated emission depletion microscopy and similar techniques where the resolution depends critically on the choice of fluorophore and acquisition parameters. In this article, we demonstrate that for a known geometry (e.g., tubules), the resolution can be measured in situ by fitting a model that accounts for both the point spread function (PSF) and the fluorophore distribution. To address the problem of coupling between tubule diameter and PSF width, we developed a technique called nested-loop ensemble PSF fitting. This approach enables extraction of the size of cellular features and the PSF width in fixed-cell and live-cell images without relying on beads or precalibration. Nested-loop ensemble PSF fitting accurately recapitulates microtubule diameter from stimulated emission depletion images and can measure the diameter of endoplasmic reticulum tubules in live COS-7 cells. Our algorithm has been implemented as a plugin for the PYthon Microscopy Environment, a freely available and open-source software.