gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
W-Band OFDM Transmission for Radio-Over-Fiber Link Using Solitonic Millimeter Wave Generated by MRR (2014)

A system comprises of a W-band (75-110 GHz) optical millimeter (mm)-wave generation using microring resonators (MRRs) and radio-over-fiber (RoF) link architectures is presented for multigigabit data rates demand. The MRRs are used to generate optical mm-wave soliton pulses for W-band applications. To achieve faster transmission speed wirelessly, higher spectral efficiency (SE) and better transmission performance, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is used. The results show that the MRRs support W-band optical soliton pulses, which can be used in an OFDM transmission/receiver system. Localized narrow bandwidth soliton pulses within frequencies of 92.2-93.2 GHz can be seen in the throughput port of the Panda system with respect to the full width at half maximum and free spectrum range of 3.5 and 184 MHz, respectively. The error vector magnitude of the system was measured and the viability of the solitonic OFDM-based system for RoF link over 25-Km fiber link and 2-m wireless link was confirmed. The data rate of the system with 16-quadrature amplitude modulation is measured as 43.6 Gb/s and with 10 GHz of bandwidth, the SE is obtained as 4.36 bit/s/Hz.
Metabolic responses during myocardial reactive hyperemia in the unanesthetized dog (1965)

Studies of myocardial metabolism during reactive hyperemia in unanesthetized dogs reveals that A-V oxygen difference is consistently decreased during reactive hyperemia. Myocardial oxygen consumption rate is increased, however, as the increase in coronary blood flow rate is greater than the decrease in A-V oxygen difference. Oxygen debt is always, though variably, overpaid. Studies of A-V lactate and pyruvate differences show that occlusions of more than 6 sec regularly lead to lactate production, while occlusions shorter than this do not. It is suggested that myocardial reactive hyperemia is a metabolic response to a metabolite produced by even mild degrees of anoxia. The effects of this metabolite on coronary blood flow appear to be out of proportion to the anoxic stimulus.
Combined Treatment with Temozolomide and Methoxyamine: Blocking Apurininc/Pyrimidinic Site Repair Coupled with Targeting Topoisomerase IIα (2007)

Our findings identify a molecular mechanism of cell death whereby MX-AP sites that cumulated in cells due to resistance to BER potentially convert topo II into biotoxins, resulting in enzyme-mediated DNA scission and cell death.
Collaborative Filtering Using Dual Information Sources (2007)

Conventional collaborative-filtering methods use only one information source to provide recommendations. Using two sources - similar users and expert users - enables more effective, more adaptive recommendations. Conventional CF methods suffer from a few fundamental limitations such as the cold-start problem, data sparsity problem, and recommender reliability problem. Thus, they have trouble dealing with high-involvement, knowledge-intensive domains such as e-learning video on demand. To overcome these problems, researchers have proposed recommendation techniques such as a hybrid approach combining CF with content-based filtering. Because e-commerce Web sites for e-learning often have various product categories, extracting the many attributes of these categories for content-based filtering is extremely burdensome. So, it might be practical to overcome these limitations by improving the CF method itself.
Perturbations to the Stoner–Wohlfarth threshold in 2×20 μm <i>M</i>-<i>R</i> memory elements (1988)

Perturbations to the Stoner–Wohlfarth threshold in 2×20 μm M-R memory elements have been examined experimentally and analytically. For the small dimensioned elements studied the perturbations are large. The thresholds were reduced up to 50% for transverse elements and increased 10% or more for longitudinal elements.
Progressive attenuation fields: Fast 2D‐3D image registration without precomputation (2005)

Computation of digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) images is the rate-limiting step in most current intensity-based algorithms for the registration of three-dimensional (3D) images to two-dimensional (2D) projection images. This paper introduces and evaluates the progressive attenuation field (PAF), which is a new method to speed up DRR computation. A PAF is closely related to an attenuation field (AF). A major difference is that a PAF is constructed on the fly as the registration proceeds; it does not require any precomputation time, nor does it make any prior assumptions of the patient pose or limit the permissible range of patient motion. A PAF effectively acts as a cache memory for projection values once they are computed, rather than as a lookup table for precomputed projections like standard AFs. We use a cylindrical attenuation field parametrization, which is better suited for many medical applications of 2D-3D registration than the usual two-plane parametrization. The computed attenuation values are stored in a hash table for time-efficient storage and access. Using clinical gold-standard spine image data sets from five patients, we demonstrate consistent speedups of intensity-based 2D-3D image registration using PAF DRRs by a factor of 10 over conventional ray casting DRRs with no decrease of registration accuracy or robustness.
A clone coding for Schizophyllum commune beta-glucosidase: homology with a yeast beta-glucosidase. (1986)

Three identical clones coding for a partial sequence of the Schizophyllum commune beta-glucosidase were isolated from a cDNA library in lambda gt11, using polyclonal antibody to the enzyme. The identity was confirmed by comparison of the amino-terminus of a peptide from a protease lys-C digest with the sequence inferred from the cDNA sequence. A comparison of the sequence with that reported for a beta-glucosidase from Candida pelliculosa revealed a region in the latter with 43% identity in amino acid sequence. There was also a similarity in the S. commune beta-glucosidase to an active site sequence proposed for a S. commune endoglucanase, suggesting the possibility of a common catalytic mechanism for these two glucolytic enzymes.
The introduction of QF-PCR in prenatal diagnosis of fetal aneuploidies: time for reconsideration (2004)

Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) has recently entered the field of prenatal diagnosis to overcome the need to culture fetal cells, hence to allow rapid diagnosis of some selected chromosomal anomalies. We reviewed the studies on the accuracy of QF-PCR in detecting chromosomal anomalies at prenatal diagnosis. Overall, 22 504 samples have been analysed. The detection rate of aneuploidies of the selected chromosomes (13, 18 and 21, and X and Y) was 98.6% (95% confidence interval 97.8-99.3). QF-PCR might play a major role and be considered a valid alternative to the full karyotype. Being less expensive, and almost entirely automated, more women could undergo invasive prenatal diagnosis without significant increase in health expenditure. By using QF-PCR as a stand-alone test, the chances of non diagnosing the commonest, and the only chromosome anomalies which do increase in frequency with maternal age, are approximately one in 150 abnormal karyotypes, or one in 10-30 000 samples, based on the age distribution. These error rates might be deemed acceptable, although most structural chromosomal anomalies will be missed. At present, women are rarely informed about the full spectrum of the conditions which might be diagnosed via amniocentesis or chorionic villous sampling. Some of these anomalies might be acceptable, in view of their limited or uncertain clinical relevance, and decision analysis might, in the majority of cases, confine the full karyotype to selected women who have specific indications.
Grating projection system for surface contour measurement (2005)

A grating projection system is a low-cost surface contour measurement technique that can be applied to a wide range of applications. There has been a resurgence of interest in the technique in recent years because of developments in computer hardware and image processing algorithms. We describe a method that projects a phase-shifted grating through a lens on an object surface. The deformed grating image on the object surface is captured by a CCD camera for subsequent analysis. Phase variation is achieved by a linear translation stage on which the grating is mounted. We compare the experimental results with the test results using a mechanical stylus method.
Analyzing cell mechanics in hematologic diseases with microfluidic biophysical flow cytometry (2008)

Pathological processes in hematologic diseases originate at the single-cell level, often making measurements on individual cells more clinically relevant than population averages from bulk analysis. For this reason, flow cytometry has been an effective tool for single-cell analysis of properties using light scattering and fluorescence labeling. However, conventional flow cytometry cannot measure cell mechanical properties, alterations of which contribute to the pathophysiology of hematologic diseases such as sepsis, diabetic retinopathy, and sickle cell anemia. Here we present a high-throughput microfluidics-based 'biophysical' flow cytometry technique that measures single-cell transit times of blood cell populations passing through in vitro capillary networks. To demonstrate clinical relevance, we use this technique to characterize biophysical changes in two model disease states in which mechanical properties of cells are thought to lead to microvascular obstruction: (i) sepsis, a process in which inflammatory mediators in the bloodstream activate neutrophils and (ii) leukostasis, an often fatal and poorly understood complication of acute leukemia. Using patient samples, we show that cell transit time through and occlusion of microfluidic channels is increased for both disease states compared to control samples, and we find that mechanical heterogeneity of blood cell populations is a better predictor of microvascular obstruction than average properties. Inflammatory mediators involved in sepsis were observed to significantly affect the shape and magnitude of the neutrophil transit time population distribution. Altered properties of leukemia cell subpopulations, rather than of the population as a whole, were found to correlate with symptoms of leukostasis in patients-a new result that may be useful for guiding leukemia therapy. By treating cells with drugs that affect the cytoskeleton, we also demonstrate that their transit times could be significantly reduced. Biophysical flow cytometry offers a low-cost and high-throughput diagnostic and drug discovery platform for hematologic diseases that affect microcirculatory flow.
Synthesis, purification, and chemical characterization of the amino-terminal 1-34 fragment of bovine parathyroid hormone synthesized by the solid-phase procedure (1977)

Peptides prepared by solid-phase synthesis during a systematic study of structure-activity relations in parathyroid hormone have been subjected, after sequential purifications, to rigorous analysis of purity by a variety of analytical techniques including sequence analysis by the Edman procedure. The present paper undertakes a critical appraisal of the utility of different tests of peptide purity and the use of the procedures in guiding and monitoring optimal synthesis strategies. Sequence analysis of a peptide representing the amino-terminal 34 residues of bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH-(1-34)) revealed the presence of at least 30% of contaminating error peptides which were undetected by other analytical procedures. The major contaminant was identified as a peptid in which glutamine at position 29 was deleted. A repeat synthesis using fluorescamine rather than ninhydrin to monitor the coupling reaction resulted in a preparation that lacked the contaminant resulting from deletion. These findings demonstrate the particular value of sequence analysis in the evaluation of purity of peptides synthesized by the solid-phase technique.
Optomechanical design for cost-effective DEMVAL systems (2011)

Sticker shock for optomechanical hardware designed for advanced optical DEMVAL systems can lead to program loss. In optomechanical design it is important to manage this risk through easily manufacturable and inexpensive hardware to meet demands of lower budget programs. The optical and optomechanical design teams must work closely to optimize system design for ease of manufacture, and assembly, while at the same time minimizing the impacts to system performance. Effective teaming often results in unique/creative design solutions which enable future system development. Outlined are some novel optomechanical structure concepts, with 5 degrees of freedom (DOF), used to design a low cost DEMVAL optical system. The concepts discussed include inexpensive repeatable magnetic kinematic mounts, flexure rings for lens preloading, simplistic drop-in lens housing designs, and adjustable tooling ball metering rods which accommodate alignment in 5 DOF.
Extreme scale-dependent tensile properties of epoxy fibers (2019)

Epoxy fibers with different diameters were prepared by hot drawing and their mechanical properties were measured under tension. The stiffness, strength, ultimate strain, and toughness revealed substantial scale-dependent effects as they all significantly increased with a decrease in size. Compared to bulk epoxy, an intrinsically brittle material, thin epoxy fibers displayed a highly ductile behavior under tension. A drop in stress observed immediately beyond the yield point was followed by the development of a stable necking region propagating through the entire fiber length, then by strain-hardening up to final rupture. Necked fiber segments tested in tension were found to have even higher strength and modulus compared to the initial as-prepared fibers. Possible reasons for the highly ductile mechanical behavior and the size effects of epoxy fibers are discussed. Size effects for the strength of epoxy can be elucidated in principle either by means of a classical fracture mechanics argument (strength ~1/d 1/2 ), or via a stochastic model argument (strength ~1/d 1/ , where is a function of the material and is generally larger than 2). In both models the presence and size of critical defects play a key role. However, defects cannot explain the colossal ductility (plastic deformation) seen in our experiments, nor can the presence of defects justify a size effect in an elastic property, namely Young's modulus. Only scarce evidence exists in the literature for similar (milder) size effects in epoxy fibers but without any structural justification. We find here that highly cross-linked necked epoxy fibers exhibit partial macromolecular anisotropy which likely explains the observed high mechanical characteristics.
DSP-based extended Kalman filter estimation of speed and rotor position of a PM synchronous motor (2002)

The paper concerns with the realisation of a sensorless drive with a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Position and angular speed of the rotor are obtained through an extended Kalman filter. The estimation algorithm requires neither the knowledge of the mechanical parameters nor the initial rotor position, overcoming two of the main drawbacks of other estimation techniques. The drive also incorporates a predictive current control, that yields some benefits on the overall filter performances. The experimental set-up includes a PM synchronous motor, a PWM voltage source inverter and floating-point DSP-based control system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-Yielding, Versatile, and Practical [Rh(III)Cp*]-Catalyzed <i>Ortho</i> Bromination and Iodination of Arenes (2012)

We report a uniquely high-yielding, general, and practical ortho bromination and iodination reaction of different classes of aromatic compounds. This reaction occurs by Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H bond activation methodology and is therefore the first example of the application of this cationic catalyst for C-Br and C-I bond formation.
Glyphosate-Resistant Goosegrass from Mississippi (2013)

A suspected glyphosate-resistant goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] population, found in Washington County, Mississippi, was studied to determine the level of resistance and whether the resistance was due to a point mutation, as was previously identified in a Malaysian population. Whole plant dose response assays indicated a two- to four-fold increase in resistance to glyphosate. Leaf disc bioassays based on a glyphosate-dependent increase in shikimate levels indicated a five- to eight-fold increase in resistance. Sequence comparisons of messenger RNA for epsps, the gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, from resistant and sensitive goosegrass, revealed a cytosine to thymine nucleotide change at position 319 in the resistant accessions. This single nucleotide polymorphism causes a proline to serine amino acid substitution at position 106 in 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay using DNA probes specific for the nucleotide change at position 319 was developed to detect this polymorphism. Goosegrass from 42 locations were screened, and the results indicated that glyphosate-resistant goosegrass remained localized to where it was discovered. Pendimethalin, s-metolachlor, clethodim, paraquat and fluazifop controlled resistant goosegrass 93% to 100%, indicating that several control options for glyphosate-resistant goosegrass are available.
Controlled translocation of palladium(<scp>ii</scp>) within a 22 ring atom macrocyclic ligand (2014)

Double aza-Michael addition of n-butylamine to the two acrylamide groups of acyclic N(2),N(6)-bis(6-acrylamidopyridin-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide gives the corresponding macrocycle, H₄L. H₄L has potential coordination pockets associated with the 2,6-dicarboxamide (head) and the butylamine (tail) regions of the macrocycle. Depending on the conditions employed, macrocyclic complexes with palladium(II) coordinated to either the tail or the head of the macrocycle can be isolated. Thus, treatment of H₄L with [PdCl2(NCPh)2] and sodium acetate, or [Pd(OAc)2] gives the closely related "tail-coordinated" complexes [PdCl(H3L)] (3a) or [Pd(OAc)(H3L)] (3b), respectively. However, employment of the bases 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) or pyridine during the treatment of H₄L with [Pd(OAc)2] results in the "head-coordinated" complexes [Pd(NH2R)(H2L)] (NH2R = N-(3-aminopropyl)caprolactam, which is formed by hydrolysis of DBU) (5) or [Pd(OH2)(H2L)] (6), respectively. Translocation of the palladium ion from the macrocycle tail in 3b to the head occurs on treatment with either DBU or N-(3-aminopropyl)caprolactam. In both cases the product 5 is formed. The aqua ligand in 6 is labile and easily displaced by the N-donor ligands n-butylamine, N-(3-aminopropyl)caprolactam or DBU to give the corresponding complexes [Pd(NH2(n)Bu)(H2L)] (4), (5), or [Pd(DBU)(H2L)] (7). The data suggest that hydrolysis of DBU to produce the N-(3-aminopropyl)caprolactam ligand in 5 is catalysed by the acetic acid formed during ligand metallation rather than by coordination to palladium. The X-ray crystal structures of H₄L, 5, and 6 are reported.
Changing Epidemiology of Food-Borne Disease: A Minnesota Perspective (1994)

Journal Article Changing Epidemiology of Food-Borne Disease: A Minnesota Perspective Get access Craig W. Hedberg, Craig W. Hedberg From the Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Craig Hedberg, Minnesota Department of Health, 717 Southeast Delaware Street, P.O. Box 9441, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440-9441. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kristine L. MacDonald, Kristine L. MacDonald From the Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael T. Osterholm Michael T. Osterholm From the Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 18, Issue 5, May 1994, Pages 671–682, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/18.5.671 Published: 01 May 1994 Article history Received: 13 December 1993 Published: 01 May 1994
Current epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in the United States: Low seroprevalence in the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey (2014)

The weighted national seroprevalence of HEV in the U.S. is much less than previously reported. Using data obtained with a high performance assay, the seroprevalence of HEV was estimated at 6.0% in the U.S. Based on these results, the seroprevalence of HEV is only one-third as high as previously reported.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases and Dicer-Like Proteins in Antiviral Defense and Small Interfering RNA Biogenesis during <i>Turnip Mosaic Virus</i> Infection  (2010)

Plants respond to virus infections by activation of RNA-based silencing, which limits infection at both the single-cell and system levels. Viruses encode RNA silencing suppressor proteins that interfere with this response. Wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana is immune to silencing suppressor (HC-Pro)-deficient Turnip mosaic virus, but immunity was lost in the absence of DICER-LIKE proteins DCL4 and DCL2. Systematic analysis of susceptibility and small RNA formation in Arabidopsis mutants lacking combinations of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) and DCL proteins revealed that the vast majority of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were dependent on DCL4 and RDR1, although full antiviral defense also required DCL2 and RDR6. Among the DCLs, DCL4 was sufficient for antiviral silencing in inoculated leaves, but DCL2 and DCL4 were both involved in silencing in systemic tissues (inflorescences). Basal levels of antiviral RNA silencing and siRNA biogenesis were detected in mutants lacking RDR1, RDR2, and RDR6, indicating an alternate route to form double-stranded RNA that does not depend on the three previously characterized RDR proteins.
Optimal Design of Anisotropic (Fiber-Reinforced) Flywheels (1977)

An analysis is given of the kinetic energy storage capacity of anisotropic flywheels. Using a uniform strain failure criteria, the optimal shapes of flywheels are determined as a function of the degree of anisotropy. Within this spectrum of shapes, practical design considerations are shown to favor the case where there is equal reinforcement in the radial and circumferen tial directions. Comparisons are made between the present solid-wheel-type design and the ring design.