gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor on 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinsonism in Monkeys (1995)

THE EFFECTS OF intrathecal infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were examined in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonian model in monkeys. Nine Japanese monkeys were divided randomly into three groups, an untreated control (n = 3), a BDNF group (n = 3), and a non-BDNF group (n = 3). Animals in the BDNF group received continuous intrathecal infusion of 10 ml of cell culture medium containing 10 μg of BDNF protein; the non-BDNF group received intrathecal infusion of the same culture medium without BDNF. To induce parkinsonian syndromes, a total of 1 mg/kg 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine was administered intravenously to each monkey in both the BDNF and non-BDNF groups. The neurological signs in the monkeys were monitored for 2 weeks and were scored according to the monkey parkinsonism rating scale; histological changes in the substantia nigra were evaluated after the 2-week observation period. The BDNF-treated animals remained asymptomatic during the 1st week and showed mild parkinsonism during the 2nd week, whereas the non-BDNF group showed typical parkinsonian syndrome during the 1st week, with deterioration in the 2nd week. Histological damage in the substantia nigra correlated well with the clinical features. Severe neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra was observed in animals with severe parkinsonism (those in the non-BDNF group), whereas significantly less damage was observed in this region in the BDNF group. These findings suggest that BDNF may have a preventive effect on the neurological syndrome and the histological damage of the substantia nigra in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism in monkeys.
A multichannel implantable telemetry system. (1969)

Multichannel telemetry system is used for chronic implantation in animals to monitor a variety of physiological parameters. A hermetically sealed unit, the system uses a time-sharing multiplex scheme to commutate between various sensor inputs and enables the number of channels to be increased or decreased.
QM/MM Methods for Biomolecular Systems (2009)

Combined quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics (QM/MM) approaches have become the method of choice for modeling reactions in biomolecular systems. Quantum-mechanical (QM) methods are required for describing chemical reactions and other electronic processes, such as charge transfer or electronic excitation. However, QM methods are restricted to systems of up to a few hundred atoms. However, the size and conformational complexity of biopolymers calls for methods capable of treating up to several 100,000 atoms and allowing for simulations over time scales of tens of nanoseconds. This is achieved by highly efficient, force-field-based molecular mechanics (MM) methods. Thus to model large biomolecules the logical approach is to combine the two techniques and to use a QM method for the chemically active region (e.g., substrates and co-factors in an enzymatic reaction) and an MM treatment for the surroundings (e.g., protein and solvent). The resulting schemes are commonly referred to as combined or hybrid QM/MM methods. They enable the modeling of reactive biomolecular systems at a reasonable computational effort while providing the necessary accuracy.
Self-similar solutions for elastohydrodynamic cavity flow (1985)

Abstract The enlargement of a lens-shaped cavity lying in a plane of cleavage between two elastic half spaces and filling with viscous fluid from a source on the axis of symmetry is considered. The internal flow is modelled by lubrication theory, which gives a nonlinear partial differential equation connecting the pressure to the cavity shape, and the same two quantities are also related by the singular integral equation of linear elasticity. If the total volume of fluid Q(t) in the cavity at time t is proportional either to tα or to exp (αt) the resulting boundary value problem can be reduced to a self-similar form in which time does not appear explicitly. The solution in non-dimensional terms depends on a single parameter, which may be interpreted as the stress-intensity factor K at the tip. Calculations have been made for the two-dimensional version of the problem for a range of values of α and for a range of stress intensities. The numerical method is to expand the cavity height in a Chebyshev series, the coefficients being found by a nonlinear optimization technique to yield a least squares fit to the Reynolds equation. These lead to expressions for the rate of cavity growth and other quantities of physical interest.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Cancer Detection (2005)

The rapid developments in the field of infrared spectroscopy in the past decade have demonstrated a potential for disease diagnosis using noninvasive technologies. Several earlier studies have highlighted the advantage of using infrared spectroscopy both in the near- and mid-infrared regions for diagnostic purposes at clinical levels. The areas of focus have been the distinction of premalignant and malignant cells and tissues from their normal state using specific parameters obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectra, making it a rapid and reagent-free method. While it still requires pilot studies and designed clinical trials to ensure the applicability of such systems for cancer diagnosis, substantial progress has been made in incorporating advances in computational methods into the system to increase the sensitivity of the entire setup, making it an objective and sensitive technique suitable for automation to suit the demands of the medical community. The development of fiber-optics systems for infrared spectroscopy have further opened up new and modern avenues in medical diagnosis at various levels of cells, tissues and organs under laboratory and clinical conditions.
Quantitative Detection of Mycoplasma DNA Using Competitive PCR (1998)

Mycoplasma are free-living pleomorphic prokaryotes that can pass through regular bacteriological filters. These organisms have a small genome with low G + C content, and lack the rigid peptidoglycan cell wall of eubacteria. There are more than 80 species known to date, the major cell culture contaminants of human, bovine, or porcine origin being: Mycoplasma orale, M. fermentants, M. hyorhinus, M. arginini, M. salivarium, and Acholeplasma laidlawii (McGarrity et al., 1985). More than 15–30% of all the cell lines used are contaminated with mycoplasma species (Mowles et al., 1988; Gignac et al., 1991). Mycoplasma grow in the cell culture supernatant and are attached to the extracellular surface of the cell membranes. The growth of these microorganisms may not necessarily destroy the cells but produces significant changes in the culture medium composition, which leads to alterations in the host cell metabolism, thus rendering infected cells unacceptable for use in any research or diagnostic procedure. Cell culture infections by various mycoplasma species, as well as their effects, are well documented. Some of the effects of mycoplasma on cell cultures include induction or suppression of enzymes and cytokines, alteration of cell surface antigenicity, interference with viral expression, and induction of chromosomal breaks. A few mycoplasma species have also been reported to produce transformation of cells in culture (Macpherson and Russel, 1966).
Development of an ECG identification system (2005)

The purpose of this paper is to present a new identification engine for an ECG identification system. The system identifies subjects based on a comparison of a patient's ECG with previously registered ECG feature parameters. These feature parameters are sampled from the intervals and durations of the electrocardiographic waves extracted using characteristic points appearing on the waveform of the second order derivative and are identified using discriminant analysis. Suitable combinations of feature parameters are selected and the accuracy of the proposed technique verified using ECGs from nine normal subjects.
Nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. (1987)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) and to a lesser extent progressive supranuclear palsy are characterized by dysfunction of the cholinergic basal forebrain neurons which send projections to cortex and other areas of the telencephalon. In this paper we demonstrate that this cholinergic dysfunction is associated with consistent reductions in density of cortical nicotinic but not muscarinic cholinergic receptors in these disorders. These cholinergic abnormalities are not found in Huntington's disease.
Study on Acridine Orange dimer as a new fluorescent probe for the determination of protein (1999)

A nonfluorescent dimer of Acridine Orange is formed in situ in the presence of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Proteins labeled with Acridine Orange dimer (AOAO) show a greatly enhanced fluorometric activity compared with that of AOAO. Based on this, a new, fast and sensitive fluorescent probe for the determination of proteins was developed. The linear range of this assay is 0.66–39.8 µg mL–1. For the detection of proteins in human serum, this method gave values close to that of the conventional Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) method, but the sensitivity of the method is much superior to that of the CBB method. The detection limit for BSA was 0.08 µg mL–1.
Little Bad Concerns (2015)

We present and test a scalable approach for assigning valence to links in unsigned graphs with the ultimate goal of enabling triadic balanced assessment in communication networks. We do this by applying domain-adjusted sentiment analysis to the content of communication data and translating aggregated sentiment scores for information exchanged between network members into link signs. This approach facilitates fast, informed and systematic balance testing (we generate link signs for 166,670 triads in our data); allowing for empirical hypothesis testing and theory building based on current or archival communication data. The proposed technique eliminates the need for manually labeling text data, and overcomes limitations with inferring valence from self-reported or user-generated (meta-) data in situations where historical context and ground truth valence data might be unavailable or limited. We test this approach on corporate email data to complement the large amount of prior work based on social media data and the limited knowledge on sentiment in professional settings. Our results suggest that sentiment is overall slightly positive and emotionality is low, which reflects conventions of language use in a corporate environment. We observe that people draw from (the top of) a smaller pool of positive terms more frequently than from a larger set of negative terms. The ratio of balanced triads (on average about 88%) to unbalanced triads (12%) remains relatively stable despite changes in corporate performance. The labor-intense adjustment of a given lexical resource to some dataset and domain pays off as it generates more empirical evidence with lower variance.
A Highly Threshold Voltage-Controllable 4T FinFET with an 8.5-nm-Thick Si-Fin Channel (2004)

Highly threshold voltage (V/sub th/)-controllable four-terminal (4T) FinFETs with an aggressively thinned Si-fin thickness down to 8.5-nm have successfully been fabricated by using an orientation-dependent wet-etching technique, and the V/sub th/ controllability by gate biasing has systematically been confirmed. The V/sub th/ shift rate (/spl gamma/=-/spl delta/V/sub th///spl delta/V/sub g2/) dramatically increases with reducing Si-fin thickness (T/sub Si/), and the extremely high /spl gamma/=0.79 V/V is obtained at the static control gate bias mode for the 8.5-nm-thick Si-fin channel device with the 1.7-nm-thick gate oxide. By the synchronized control gate driving mode, /spl gamma/=0.46 V/V and almost ideal S-slope are achieved for the same device. These experimental results indicate that the optimum V/sub th/ tuning for the high performance and low-power consumption very large-scale integrations can be realized by a small gate bias voltage in the ultrathin Si-fin channel device and the orientation-dependent wet etching is the promising fabrication technique for the 4T FinFETs.
Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning (1989)

Many teaching practices implicitly assume that conceptual knowledge can be abstracted from the situations in which it is learned and used. This article argues that this assumption inevitably limits the effectiveness of such practices. Drawing on recent research into cognition as it is manifest in everyday activity, the authors argue that knowledge is situated, being in part a product of the activity, context, and culture in which it is developed and used. They discuss how this view of knowledge affects our understanding of learning, and they note that conventional schooling too often ignores the influence of school culture on what is learned in school. As an alternative to conventional practices, they propose cognitive apprenticeship (Collins, Brown, & Newman, in press), which honors the situated nature of knowledge. They examine two examples of mathematics instruction that exhibit certain key features of this approach to teaching.
Studies on Some Herbal Drugs Used in Fracture Healing (1989)

We investigated the effect of Lepidium sativum and Sarsaparilla smilax used for fracture healing in Saudi folk medicine. These drugs were tested for their effect on collagen deposition and tensile strength in experimental models. L. sativum significantly increased collagen deposition at fracture position. The tensile strength of the broken tibiae also increased in the L. sativum treated group, supporting its folklore use. In the S. smilax treated group the effect was insignificant.
Pulse oximetryʼs final frontier (2000)

University of Michigan Health System; Ann Arbor, MI Address requests for reprints to: Kevin K. Tremper, PhD, MD; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, UH 1G 323/0048, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0048.
Performance analysis of mobile cellular radio system with priority reservation handoff procedures (2002)

Studies a queueing scheme of calls in cellular radio systems where priority is given to handoff calls by assigning several channels exclusively for them. The remaining channels are shared by both the originating and handoff calls. In this scheme both the originating and handoff calls make their own queues. A handoff call queues up if on arrival it finds no idle channels. An originating call also queues if on arrival it finds that the number of available channels is less than or equal to that of the reserved channels. Important performance measures of the system such as forced termination probability, and queue lengths are obtained. Solutions for some special systems such as ones with a queue only for the handoff calls and without queues for any calls were also investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of hydroxyapatite coating on Ti‐6 Al‐4V implant‐site infection in a rabbit tibial model (2000)

To investigate the effect of implant type after direct contamination, a hydroxyapatite-coated or noncoated Ti-6A1-4V implant was inserted into both tibiae of 32 New Zealand White rabbits. Prior to implantation, the left tibia was contaminated with increasing concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus (10(2)-10(5) colony-forming units), ranging from very low (10(2)) to relatively high (10(5)). Four weeks after implantation, half of the tibial bone adjacent to the implant was harvested for bacteriological examination. Bacterial counts were quantified by plating serial dilutions. For the histological evaluation, sections of the implant with the remaining tibia were examined by semiquantitative scoring of infection parameters. The bacteriological data showed the inoculum dose and implant type to have a significant effect on the culture outcome: more bacteria were retrieved from the hydroxyapatite-coated implants than from the noncoated titanium implants. Histological evaluation showed an increased score for the infected left tibiae compared with their contralateral control. In addition, with increasing inoculum dosage, the difference between the two types of implant increased. We demonstrated that infections can occur with biocompatible, noncemented implants and that they are related to the dose of the original inoculum. Bacteria were more likely to grow onto or next to the hydroxyapatite implants than on titanium implants and resulted in a more severe histopathological characterization of infection.
ADENOSINE A2A RECEPTOR-SELECTIVE STIMULATION REDUCES SIGNALING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTESTINE ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION INJURY (2010)

In the present study, we tested the efficacy of treatment with the selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino]-50-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS 21680) on ischemia and reperfusion injury of the multivisceral organs. Ischemia and reperfusion injury was induced in mice by clamping both the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac artery for 30 min, followed thereafter by reperfusion. Sixty minutes after reperfusion, animals were killed for histological examination and biochemical studies. Injured vehicle-treated mice developed a significant increase of ileum TNF-alpha levels, myeloperoxidase activity, and marked histological injury and apoptosis. Ischemia and reperfusion injury of the multivisceral organs was also associated with significant mortality. Reperfused ileum sections from injured vehicle-treated mice showed positive staining for P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. The intensity and degree of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were markedly reduced in tissue sections from injured CGS 21680-treated mice. Ischemia and reperfusion-injured mice that have been treated with CGS 21680 showed also a significant reduction of neutrophil infiltration into the intestine, a reduction of apoptosis, and improved histological status of the intestine and survival. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that selective activation of adenosine A2A receptors plays an important role in the regulation of ischemia and reperfusion injury and results put forward the hypothesis that selective activation of adenosine A2A receptors may represent a novel and possible strategy.
A <25 μW CMOS monolithic photoplethysmographic sensor with distributed 1b delta-sigma light-to-digital convertor (2017)

This paper presents CMOS monolithic PPG sensor with distributed 1b delta-sigma light-to-digital convertor (LDC). Proposed unbiased photodiode (PD) based circuit with fully integrated PD in the same die efficiently performs direct light to digital conversion, and the distributed architecture further improves the dynamic range. The implemented sensor, fabricated in standard 0.18μm CMOS process, achieves 20.4 pA <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</inf> equivalent noise with <25 μW power consumption, and successfully performs a reflective PPG measurement at wrist and finger, with both pulsed and continuous LED light.
Detecting Anomalies in Data Stream Using Efficient Techniques: A Review (2018)

As data is a critical part of many application data mining is a most researched domain in the today's world. By discovering normal tendency or dealing out of data usually we find information but infrequent occurrence or data item sometimes may provide details which is very useful to us. One of the function of data mining is anomaly detection, it finds unusual data or order not visible in the dataset. It is also one of the important problem in data mining. Unlimited order of data with direct or indirect material conditions is called as data stream, it is dynamic and unknown in nature. For static data, that requires full dataset for modelling, traditional anomaly detection techniques does not fit for data stream because full data stream can't be stored. In detection of unknown data, in certain applications like calling cards, criminal behaviors, finding computer intrusion, detection of fraud in credit cards etc. finding anomalies is important. In this survey, for finding anomaly in data stream usual methods or techniques have been described.
A new method for the preparation of 3,4-dihydro-.BETA.-carbolines. (1982)

N-Alkylthiocarbonyl tryptophan (Ia-f) and tryptamine (Ig-j) derivatives can be converted into the corresponding 3, 4-dihydro-β-carbolines (3) under mild and non-acidic conditions by use of alkylating reagents.
Top-down Enhancement and Suppression of the Magnitude and Speed of Neural Activity (2005)

Top-down modulation underlies our ability to selectively attend to relevant stimuli and to ignore irrelevant stimuli. Theories addressing neural mechanisms of top-down modulation are driven by studies that reveal increased magnitude of neural activity in response to directed attention, but are limited by a lack of data reporting modulation of neural processing speed, as well as comparisons with a perceptual (passive view) baseline necessary to evaluate the presence of enhancement and suppression. Utilizing functional MRI (fMRI) and event-related potential recordings (ERPs), we provide converging evidence that both the magnitude of neural activity and the speed of neural processing are modulated by top-down influences. Furthermore, both enhancement and suppression occur relative to a perceptual baseline depending on task instruction. These findings reveal the fine degree of influence that goal-directed attention exerts upon activity within the visual association cortex. We further document capacity limitations in top-down enhancement corresponding with working memory performance deficits.
Anti-leukemic effects of all-trans retinoic acid in combination with Daratumumab in acute myeloid leukemia (2018)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a significant health problem, with poor outcomes despite chemotherapy and bone marrow transplants. Although one form of AML, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), is successfully treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), this drug is seemingly ineffective against all other forms of AML. Here, we show that ATRA up-regulates CD38 expression on AML blasts to sufficient levels that promote antibody-mediated fratricide following the addition of anti-CD38 daratumumab (DARA). The combination of ATRA plus DARA induced Fc-dependent conjugate formation and cytotoxicity among AML blasts in vitro. Combination treatment also led to reduction in tumor volume and resulted in increased overall survival in murine engraftment models of AML. These results suggest that, although ATRA does not induce differentiation of non-APL, it may be effective as a therapy in conjunction with DARA.
Knot undulator to generate linearly polarized photons with low on-axis power density (2009)

Heat load on beamline optics is a serious obstacle for devices designed to generate pure linearly polarized photons in third generation synchrotron radiation facilities. For permanent magnet undulators, this problem can be overcome by implementing a figure-eight design configuration. As yet there has been no good method to tackle this problem for electromagnetic elliptical undulators. Here, a novel design and operational mode is suggested, which can generate pure linearly polarized photons with very low on-axis heat load. Additionally, the minimum photon energy capability of linearly polarized photons can be significantly extended by this method.