gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiuser capacity of cellular time-varying channels (2002)

The next generation of wireless networks will require efficient use of the underlying time-varying channel. Cellular architectures efficiently utilize the limited spectrum by reusing the same channel in spatially separated cells. However, frequency reuse introduces cochannel interference, which determines the data rate that can be supported by each channel for a given BER. The efficiency within a cell is quantified by its spectral efficiency: the data rate per user per unit of bandwidth. In this paper the maximum spectral efficiency for cellular systems with channel estimation and transmitter feedback is derived from Shannon theory. We first review capacity results for single-user time-varying channels, which show that efficiency is maximized through a combination of power control, adaptive coding, and variable data rates. We then extend this result to the multiuser capacity region for both broadcast and multiaccess channels. This yields an analytical framework to compare the efficiency of channel sharing within a single cell using TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA. We conclude that CDMA with interference cancellation is optimal, but TDMA and FDMA have superior performance if interference cancellation is not exploited. Moreover, if the received power of all users is kept constant, then CDMA with interference cancellation does no better than FDMA and TDMA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> mutants defective in the arrest of phagosome maturation (2004)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides within the phagocytes of its host. It ensures its continued survival through arresting the normal maturation of its phagosome, which is retained within the early endosomal system of the macrophage. Although individual bacterial components have been shown to modulate phagosome biogenesis, the mechanism(s) active in live, intact bacteria remain elusive. We have developed a genetic screen that facilitates the isolation of mutants defective in arresting the maturation of their phagosomes. Macrophages were incubated with iron-dextran that was chased into lysosomes. The cells were subsequently infected with M. tuberculosis from a library of transposon-mutagenized bacteria. After four rounds of enrichment, the majority of mutants isolated were unable to prevent acidification of their phagosomes and were attenuated for intracellular survival. The genes affected range in function from those with no known homologues to putative transporters and lipid synthesis enzymes. Further characterization of these bacteria is needed. In addition to clarifying the processes active in modulation of phagosome biogenesis by M. tuberculosis, this screen may be applicable to other pathogens that restrict the maturation of their phagosome.
Fluorescence-microscopic measurement of intracellular cytochrome <i>P</i>-450 enzyme activity (ethoxyresorufin <i>O</i>-de-ethylation) in unfixed liver section (1983)

A fluorescence-microscopic method has been developed for measurement of the intracellular kinetics of the cytochrome P-450 reaction, ethoxyresorufin O-de-ethylation, in individual hepatocytes in unfixed non-frozen liver sections obtained from control or 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated mice. De-ethylation was enhanced in the presence of salicylamide, but inhibited in the presence of alpha-naphthoflavone, A total of 21 reaction rate curves (fluorescence of the metabolite, resorufin, versus time) were constructed for different individual hepatocytes and groups of two or three hepatocytes, in a total of 12 sections from four control and eight 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mice. No two reaction curves were identical, but the curves were classified, by similarity of curve shape and fluorescence intensity, into three control categories and four 3-methylcholanthrene-induced categories. It was considered that the data represented a total of seven types of hepatocytes, which differed in their ethoxyresorufin de-ethylase reaction characteristics. Hepatocytes in the sections from 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated mice showed higher de-ethylase activities than the hepatocytes from control mice, but the increase in activity covered a wide range of values, from 3-fold to 17-fold higher than the mean control value, suggesting that 3-methylcholanthrene did not induce ethoxyresorufin de-ethylation to the same extent in all hepatocytes.
Neutral Proteinases I and II of<i>Aspergillus sojae</i>: Some Physicochemical Properties and Amino Acid Composition (1973)

Some physicochemical properties of neutral proteinases I and II, zinc-containing metalloenzymes, from Aspergillus sojae were investigated. Neutral proteinase I: The enzyme protein had a sedimentation coefficient of 3.90S, an intrinsic viscosity of 0.0315 dl/g, and a partial specific volume, calculated from the amino acid and carbonhydrate composition, of 0.715 cm3/g. The molecular weight was 42,200 from the Yphantis’ procedure, and was 42,500 from the calculation according to the Scheraga-Mandel-kern’s formula. The integral numbers of amino acid residues per molecule calculated on the basis of 42,200 as molecular weight were as follows; Lys16, His6, Arg13, Trp8, Asp56, Thr25, Ser23, Glu31, Pro18, Gly40, Ala33, l/2Cys4, Val11, Met6, Ile15, Leu25, Tyr20, Рһе10, (amide-ammonia)29, in addition to mannose6, galactose1, hexosamine3. Neutral proteinase II: The enzyme protein had a sedimentation coefficient of 2.32S, an intrinsic viscosity of 0.0270 dl/g, and a calculated partial specific volume of 0.714 cm3/g. The molecular weight was 16,800 from the Yphantis’ procedure, and was 18,000 from the sedimentation and intrinsic viscosity. The following amino acid compositions was calculated on the basis of 16,800 as molecular weight; Lys8, His3, Arg3, Asp19, Thr17, Ser11, GIu23, Pro5, Gly9, Ala24, l/2Cys4, Val5, Ile3, Leu13, Tyr10, Phe3, (amide-ammonia)15. In the enzyme preparation, neither methionine nor tryptophan was detected and carbohydrate was also absent. In both neutral proteinases I and II, no free SH group was detected by the PCMB-titration in the presence of 8 M urea.
Frequency Dependence of the Skin Depth in Superconducting Tin (1969)

The first measurements of the frequency dependence of the real part of the superconducting skin depth δr(v, t), in polycrystalline tin films, are reported using a new technique of measurement. The technique is similar to the usual cavity technique, except that the cavity in question is a rectangular Sn–SnOx–Sn Josephson tunnel junction. The cavity is self-excited via the ac Josephson effect; the resonant frequencies of the cavity are measured from which δr(v, t) is deduced. The measurements extend from 0≤v≤220 GHz and 0.5≤t≤0.952. The results are compared with Miller's calculations of δr for Sn, which are based on the Mattis-Bardeen theory and are found to be in agreement for t≤0.800. Above this temperature only qualitative agreement exists because the assumptions under which the calculations were made are here only partly satisfied.
West Nile virus infection transmitted by blood transfusion (2003)

Seroconversion of a symptomatic donor, the presence of viral genetic material in an associated whole-blood retention segment, and recovery of WNV from an associated component provides compelling evidence for transfusion-acquired infection. This report has important implications for blood safety.
Anomaly detection in rolling element bearings via two-dimensional Symbolic Aggregate Approximation (2013)

Symbolic dynamics is a current interest in the area of anomaly detection, especially in mechanical systems. Symbolic dynamics reduces the overall dimensionality of system responses while maintaining a high level of robustness to noise. Rolling element bearings are particularly common mechanical components where anomaly detection is of high importance. Harsh operating conditions and manufacturing imperfections increase vibration innately reducing component life and increasing downtime and costly repairs. This thesis presents a novel way to detect bearing vibrational anomalies through Symbolic Aggregate Approximation (SAX) in the two-dimensional time-frequency domain. SAX reduces computational requirements by partitioning high-dimensional sensor data into discrete states. This analysis specifically suits bearing vibration data in the time-frequency domain, as the distribution of data does not greatly change between normal and faulty conditions. Under ground truth synthetically-generated experiments, two-dimensional SAX in conjunction with Markov model feature extraction is successful in detecting anomalies (&gt; 99%) using short time spans (&lt; 0.1 seconds) of data in the time-frequency domain with low false
Ascorbic Acid Transport and Accumulation in Human Neutrophils (1989)

The transport, accumulation, and distribution of ascorbic acid were investigated in isolated human neutrophils utilizing a new ascorbic acid assay, which combined the techniques of high performance liquid chromatography and coulometric electrochemical detection. Freshly isolated human neutrophils contained 1.0-1.4 mM ascorbic acid, which was localized greater than or equal to 94% to the cytosol, was not protein bound, and was present only as ascorbic acid and not as dehydroascorbic acid. Upon addition of ascorbic acid to the extracellular medium in physiologic amounts, ascorbic acid was accumulated in neutrophils in millimolar concentrations. Accumulation was mediated by a high affinity and a low affinity transporter; both transporters were responsible for maintenance of concentration gradients as large as 50-fold. The high affinity transporter had an apparent Km of 2-5 microns by Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee analyses, and the low affinity transporter had an apparent Km of 6-7 mM by similar analyses. Each transporter was saturable and temperature dependent. In normal human blood the high affinity transporter should be saturated, whereas the low affinity transporter should be in its linear phase of uptake.
Pharmacodynamics of Telavancin Studied in an <i>In Vitro</i> Pharmacokinetic Model of Infection (2010)

The antibacterial effects of telavancin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin against six Staphylococcus aureus strains (1 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA] strain, 4 methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] strains, and 1 vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus [VISA] strain) and three Enterococcus sp. strains (1 Enterococcus faecalis strain, 1 Enterococcus faecium strain, and 1 vancomycin-resistant E. faecium [VREF] strain) were compared using an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of infection. Analyzing the data from all five vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus (VSSA) strains or all 4 MRSA strains showed that telavancin was superior in its antibacterial effect as measured by the area under the bacterial kill curve at 24 h (AUBKC(24)) and 48 h (AUBKC(48)) in comparison to vancomycin or teicoplanin (P < 0.05). Telavancin was also superior to vancomycin and teicoplanin in terms of its greater early killing effect (P < 0.05). Against the three Enterococcus spp. tested, telavancin was superior to vancomycin in terms of its AUBKC(24), AUBKC(48), and greater early bactericidal effect (P < 0.05). Dose-ranging studies were performed to provide free-drug area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h in the steady state divided by the MIC (fAUC/MIC) exposures from 0 to 1,617 (7 to 14 exposures per strain) for 5 VSSA, 4 VISA, and the 3 Enterococcus strains. The fAUC/MIC values for a 24-h bacteriostatic effect and a 1-log-unit drop in the viable count were 43.1 ± 38.4 and 50.0 ± 39.0 for VSSA, 3.2 ± 1.3 and 4.3 ± 1.3 for VISA, and 15.1 ± 8.8 and 40.1 ± 29.4 for the Enterococcus spp., respectively. The reason for the paradoxically low fAUC/MIC values for VISA strains is unknown. There was emergence of resistance to telavancin in the dose-ranging studies, as indicated by subpopulations able to grow on plates containing 2× MIC telavancin concentrations compared to the preexposure population analysis profiles. Changes in population analysis profiles were less likely with enterococci than with S. aureus, and the greatest risk of changed profiles occurred for both species at fAUC/MIC ratios of 1 to 10. Maintaining a fAUC/MIC ratio of >50 reduced the risk of subpopulations able to grow on antibiotic-containing media emerging. These data help explain the clinical effectiveness of telavancin against MRSA and indicate that telavancin may have clinically useful activity against Enterococcus spp., and perhaps also VISA, at human doses of 10 mg/kg of body weight/day. In addition, they support a clinical breakpoint of sensitive at ≤1 mg/liter for both S. aureus and Enterococcus spp.
A Hough-transform-based anomaly detector with an adaptive time interval (2011)

Internet traffic anomalies are a serious problem that compromise the availability of optimal network resources. Numerous anomaly detectors have recently been proposed, but maintaining their parameters optimally tuned is a difficult task that discredits their effectiveness for daily usage. This article proposes a new anomaly detection method based on pattern recognition and investigates the relationship between its parameter set and the traffic characteristics. This analysis highlights that constantly achieving a high detection rate requires continuous adjustments to the parameters according to the traffic fluctuations. Therefore, an adaptive time interval mechanism is proposed to enhance the robustness of the detection method to traffic variations. This adaptive anomaly detection method is evaluated by comparing it to three other anomaly detectors using four years of real backbone traffic. The evaluation reveals that the proposed adaptive detection method outperforms the other methods in terms of the true positive and false positive rate.
A 25 dBm Digitally Modulated CMOS Power Amplifier for WCDMA/EDGE/OFDM With Adaptive Digital Predistortion and Efficient Power Control (2009)

A digitally modulated power amplifier (DPA) in 1.2 V 0.13 mum SOI CMOS is presented, to be used as a building block in multi-standard, multi-band polar transmitters. It performs direct amplitude modulation of an input RF carrier by digitally controlling an array of 127 unary-weighted and three binary-weighted elementary gain cells. The DPA is based on a novel two-stage topology, which allows seamless operation from 800 MHz through 2 GHz, with a full-power efficiency larger than 40% and a 25.2 dBm maximum envelope power. Adaptive digital predistortion is exploited for DPA linearization. The circuit is thus able to reconstruct 21.7 dBm WCDMA/EDGE signals at 1.9 GHz with 38% efficiency and a higher than 10 dB margin on all spectral specifications. As a result of the digital modulation technique, a higher than 20.1 % efficiency is guaranteed for WCDMA signals with a peak-to-average power ratio as high as 10.8 dB. Furthermore, a 15.3 dBm, 5 MHz WiMAX OFDM signal is successfully reconstructed with a 22% efficiency and 1.53% rms EVM. A high 10-bit nominal resolution enables a wide-range TX power control strategy to be implemented, which greatly minimizes the quiescent consumption down to 10 mW. A 16.4% CDMA average efficiency is thus obtained across a > 70 dB power control range, while complying with all the spectral specifications.
A New Method for Direct Detection of Heparin on Surface-Modified Intraocular Lenses (1997)

The modification of the original toluidine blue staining method introduced by Jaques in 1943 is a reliable and reproducible technique for the detailed in vitro analysis of surface-bound heparin with a low artifact rate. Because of the detailed detection of heparin on polymeric surfaces, this staining method is recommended for special problems, e.g. in cataract surgery.
Signalling storms in 3G mobile networks (2014)

We review the characteristics of signalling storms that have been caused by certain common apps and recently observed in cellular networks, leading to system outages. We then develop a mathematical model of a mobile user's signalling behaviour which focuses on the potential of causing such storms, and represent it by a large Markov chain. The analysis of this model allows us to determine the key parameters of mobile user device behaviour that can lead to signalling storms. We then identify the parameter values that will lead to worst case load for the network itself in the presence of such storms. This leads to explicit results regarding the manner in which individual mobile behaviour can cause overload conditions on the network and its signalling servers, and provides insight into how this may be avoided.
Biochemical study of KB-cell receptor for adenovirus (1977)

Three different approaches were used in an attempt to characterize the KB-cell receptor for adenovirus: affinity chromatography, immunoadsorption and cross-linking with a cleavable bifunctional reagent. The first system used an affinity gel consisting of adenovirus-fibre projection linked to Sepharose matrix by an intermediate bis(aminopropyl)amine arm, the amino groups of the fibre ligand being preserved by prior citraconylation. The second system consisted of adenovirus complete penton capsomere attached to anti-(penton base) antibody and cross-linked to polyacrylamide particles with glutaraldehyde. In this latter affinity model, the penton-fibre projection was appropriately oriented outwards, as in the virus particle. Both affinity systems permitted isolation from a KB-cell plasma-membrane extract of fibre-binding and penton-fibre-binding protein material, which inhibited adenovirus attachment. The penton-immunoadsorbent appeared more efficient and more specific than the affinity column of fibre-bis(aminopropyl)amino-Sepharose gel in specific activity of inhibition of adenovirus attachment. The third method consisted of reversibly cross-linking KB-cell receptor proteins with adenovirus particles by means of a cleavable di-imidoester and isolation of the complexes by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation. Polypeptide analysis on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel of labelled KB-cell surface proteins, selected by the different procedures, showed that three major protein subunits of 78000, 42000 and 34000mol.wt. were common to the three selection systems. A possible model for the structure and function of the KB-cell receptor for adenovirus is discussed.
A new approach to vision-aided inertial navigation (2010)

We combine a visual odometry system with an aided inertial navigation filter to produce a precise and robust navigation system that does not rely on external infrastructure. Incremental structure from motion with sparse bundle adjustment using a stereo camera provides real-time highly accurate pose estimates of the sensor which are combined with six degree-of-freedom inertial measurements in an Extended Kalman Filter. The filter is structured to neatly handle the incremental and local nature of the visual odometry measurements and to handle uncertainties in the system in a principled manner. We present accurate results from data acquired in rural and urban scenes on a tractor and a passenger car travelling distances of several kilometers.
Improved binary frame synchronisation scheme for packet transmission (1988)

A new frame synchronisation method is presented, which is suited for packet transmission where the sync pattern is preceded by a periodic preamble. The improvement of the new method can be up to 3dB, when compared with the best conventional scheme.
Early transcriptional response in the jejunum of germ-free piglets after oral infection with virulent rotavirus (2008)

Germ-free piglets were orally infected with virulent rotavirus to collect jejunal mucosal scrapings at 12 and 18 hours post infection (two piglets per time point). IFN-gamma mRNA expression was stimulated in the mucosa of all four infected piglets, indicating that they all responded to the rotavirus infection. RNA pools prepared from two infected piglets were used to compare whole mucosal gene expression at 12 and 18 hpi to expression in uninfected germ-free piglets (n=3) using a porcine intestinal cDNA microarray. Microarray analysis identified 13 down-regulated and 17 up-regulated genes. Northern blot analysis of a selected group of genes confirmed the data of the microarray. Genes were functionally clustered in interferon-regulated genes, proliferation/differentiation genes, apoptosis genes, cytoskeleton genes, signal transduction genes, and enterocyte digestive, absorptive, and transport genes. Down-regulation of the transport gene cluster reflected in part the loss of rotavirus-infected enterocytes from the villous tips. Data mining suggested that several genes were regulated in lower- or mid-villus immature enterocytes and goblet cells, probably to support repair of the damaged epithelial cell layer at the villous tips. Furthermore, up-regulation was observed for IFN-gamma induced guanylate binding protein 2, a protein that effectively inhibited VSV and EMCV replication in vitro (Arch Virol 150:1213-1220, 2005). This protein may play a role in the small intestine's innate defense against enteric viruses like rotavirus.
Examination of Intramammary Devices from Infected and Uninfected Mammary Quarters by Scanning Electron Microscopy (1987)

Polyethylene intramammary devices were removed from six infected and four uninfected mammary quarters of seven lactating cows and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Infecting organisms included Corynebacterium bovis, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and an unidentified fungus. Intramammary devices from infected quarters had amorphous material adhering to large areas of the polyethylene. Large numbers of inflammatory cells and microorganisms were found concentrated within the material. Devices from uninfected quarters had less amorphous material with few adhering inflammatory cells. The amorphous material appeared to be restricted to abraded surfaces of the polyethylene. Milk somatic cell counts in stripping milk of quarters infected with Corynebacterium bovis and coagulase-negative staphylococci before and 3 wk after removal of intramammary device averaged 1.2 X 10(6) and .2 X 10(6)/ml, respectively. Results suggest that increased cell counts of infected quarters containing intramammary devices were associated with microbial colonization of the amorphous material.
The tegument protein ppUL25 of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major target antigen for the anti-CMV antibody response (2001)

A viral protein of approximately 82 kDa is the only structural protein of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) that is strongly immunogenic during natural infection and the corresponding gene of which is still unknown. In this work, strong evidence is presented that this protein is the product of UL25.
Optimization of Gallium nitride high power technology for commercial and military applications (2009)

Next generation commercial and military systems require high power amplifiers (HPAs) with superior performance such as higher efficiency, improved thermal performance, wider bandwidth and higher output power. Using an optimized 0.5 um, 48 V GaN-on-SiC process, a family of GaN power amplifiers are developed for applications in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 4 GHz and output power ranging from 8 W to 500 W. Such devices clearly demonstrate superior power-bandwidth product of GaN for military applications such as radar, military communications and electronic warfare. For commercial applications, a family of linear amplifiers, applicable to 3 GPP, LTE and WiMax cellular base stations, offer high efficiency operation. Finally, an optimized GaN process is utilized to develop new cable TV power doubler modules offering 6 dB improvement in CIN performance over incumbent GaAs based amplifiers.