gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X‐ray tube potential, filtration, and detector considerations in dual‐energy chest radiography (1994)

The effect of x-ray tube potential and prepatient and interdetector filtration in single exposure dual energy chest imaging has been studied employing a carefully benchmarked model. The analysis utilized published methodology. Noise in simulated lung and mediastinum fields of the aluminum (bone) and Lucite (soft tissue) images were studied at fixed entrance skin exposure (ESE) for commonly employed sandwich detector and sandwich imaging plate configurations. Our results indicate noise in the lung increases slowly with tube potential above 120 kVp, while noise in the mediastinum decreases rapidly. Also, at high tube potential (> or = 120 kVp) adding moderate amounts of prepatient K-edge filtration (approximately equal to 100 mg/cm2) while optimizing imaging conditions for the lung tends to decrease noise in the lungs by approximately equal to 30% while increasing noise in the mediastinum by a similar amount. Without K-edge prepatient filtration, noise in the lung is minimized with Cu interdetector filter weights near 400 mg/cm2. In the mediastinum noise is minimized with heavier interdetector filter and prepatient K-edge filter weights. Prepatient K-edge filter weights that minimize image noise in either field can increase the tube loading by factors ranging from 10 to 10(10). Systems designed with sandwich detectors using commercially available phosphors and coating weights can produce contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) as high as 50% of the theoretical limit (defined as an optimized system with a totally absorbing rear detector).
447. Absorption spectra of ketones. Part IV. The steric requirements for spectroscopic interaction between a carbonyl group and a βγ-double bond (1956)

R. C. Cookson and N. S. Wariyar, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 2302 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560002302
State of the art of Hg-melt LPE HgCdTe at Santa Barbara Research Center (1992)

Liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) has emerged as the predominant materials growth technology for the fabrication of HgCdTe infrared (IR) detectors in the IR community over the past decade. This paper reviews one of the most successful LPE technologies developed for HgCdTe, specifically, 'infinite-melt' vertical LPE (VLPE) from Hg-rich solutions. A historical perspective and the current status of VLPE technology are reported. Extensive statistics of performance and producibility of the VLPE technology are elaborated to show its maturity and manufacturing readiness. Particular emphasis is placed on the key role of the double-layer heterojunction (DLHJ) detectors realized by the VLPE technology for high-performance second-generation focal plane arrays. Recent developments in the successful use of the VLPE technology for epitaxial growth on Si-based alternative substrates and for growth of triple- layer heterostructures for two-color applications, which further demonstrate the versatility of the technology, are also reported. The review concludes with a discussion of the prospects for use of the VLPE technology for fabricating advanced device structures of high performance as well as investigating fundamental material properties of HgCdTe.
Zur Kenntniss der Isorosinduline (1896)

H i i l z e r (sowie spater L i i d y ) hat aus Formaldehyd und Harnstoff die einfache Verbindung C& HdNa 0 erhalten, welche also CO<N
A Mini-Invasive Long-Term Bladder Urine Pressure Measurement ASIC and System (2008)

A mini-invasive system for long-term bladder urine pressure measurement system is presented. Not only is the design cost reduced, but also the reliability is enhanced by using a 1-atm canceling sensing instrumentation amplifier (IA). Because the urine pressure inside the bladder does not vary drastically, both the sleeping and working modes are required in order to save the battery power for long-term observation. The IA amplifies the signal sensed by the pressure sensor, which is then fed into the following analog-to-digital converter. Owing to the intrinsic 1-atm pressure existing inside the bladder, the IA must be able to cancel such a pressure from the signal picked up by the pressure sensor to keep the required linearity and the resolution for pressure measurement of the bladder urine. The pressure range of the proposed system is found out to be 14.7~19.7 Psi, which covers the range of all of the known unusual bladder syndromes or complications.
Analysis on The Quality of Seafloor Hydrate-bearing Sediments and Discussions on the Risk Factors during Exploitation (2014)

Owing to the wide distribution and huge resource potential the submarine gas hydrate reservoirs have been deemed to be a kind of hopeful clean energy in the future. At present how to develop and exploit this sort of unconventional oil and gas reservoir is the hot issues for government agencies, industry and relevant research institutions all over the world. However, the utility of such undersea hydrate resources is so danger that it shall be analyzed carefully first. Gas hydrate is an unstable substance. When around thermodynamic environment changes in the seafloor sediments gas hydrate will dissociate easily and then lead to a series of related seabed geological disasters. Thus it must clarify the occurrences and aggregations of submarine hydrate-bearing sediments primarily. Based on the above analysis three types of marine geological hazards which incline to happen because of the hydrates decomposition during the exploitation on undersea hydrate-bearing sediments have been pointed out: submarine landslides, the damage on drilling facilities, and the change of ambient circumstances. Finally, the risk types influencing the exploitation of seafloor hydrate reservoirs, such as thermodynamic environments, regional tectonics, gathered occurrences and recovery technologies etc., have been discussed. Nine key risk factors during the flow of the exploitation have also been put forward. All these provide a reference for future industrial production.
Patterns, Tools and Models for Interaction Design (2004)

In recent years the re-use of already existing solutions and ideas has become more and more crucial. Re-inventing the wheel over and over again is not feasible. Especially model based development approaches suffer from the lack of libraries populated with existing solutions and ideas which must just be tweaked in order to applicable to different context of use. Patterns have the potential to overcome this major shortcoming. In this paper we will try to stimulate and foster to idea of transferring the idea of patterns to the model-based development community. We will introduce patters as medium to capture ideas and solutions within the domain of model based design.
The Influence of Age, Diagnosis, and Gender on Proper Use of Metered-Dose Inhalers (1994)

Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are widely used in clinical practice for administering pharmaceuticals targeted to the lung. It is well known that the inhalation technique used with MDIs can substantially influence the clinical response to inhaled medications. To determine the acceptability of MDI maneuvers, we studied 59 subjects (26 females and 33 males; age, 20 to 81 yr; mean age, 38 yr) to determine whether the MDI technique used by these individuals complied with published recommendations for acceptable inhalation technique. Measurements were made with an MDI adapter that contained an unobtrusive, lightweight, miniature sensing system. Inspiratory flow at the moment of MDI actuation (Va), the volume (integrated from airflow) at actuation as a fraction of total inspiratory volume (Va/VI), breath-holding time (tBH), and inspiratory volume as a fraction of FVC (VI/FVC) were determined from 59 uncoached inhalations. We defined an acceptable maneuver, based on published data, by four components: (1) inspiratory flow at actuation (Va) between 25 and 90 L/min; (2) actuation during early inspiration (0 < Va/VI < or = 0.20); (3) adequate breath-holding time (tBH > 4 s), and (4) a deep inhalation (VI/FVC > 0.50). For all subjects, only 25% of inhalation maneuvers met all four criteria for acceptability. We found that a significantly higher proportion of male than female subjects performed an acceptable MDI maneuver (43% versus 4%, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in technique between younger and older subjects or between patients with a diagnosis of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conclude that most patients use their MDIs incorrectly; females of all ages are much more likely to have improper MDI technique than are males.
Tennis Ball Tracking Using a Two-Layered Data Association Approach (2015)

Ball tracking is a key technology in processing and analyzing a ball game. Because of the complexity of visual scenes, a large number of objects are often selected as candidates for the ball, leading to incorrect identification, and conversely, the true position of the ball may sometimes be missed because of occlusion and blur, which can both be frequent and severe. Several tennis ball tracking algorithms have been reported in literature. In this paper, we propose a two-layered data association method to improve the robustness of tennis ball tracking. At the local layer, a shift token transfer method is proposed, based on shift window processing, to generate a set of short trajectories or “ trajectorylets .” At the global layer, a unique ball trajectory is obtained by applying a dynamic programming based splice method to a directed acyclic graph consisting of trajectorylets. We evaluated our approach on tennis matches from the Australian Open and the U.S. Open, and the results obtained show that our approach outperforms current state-of-the-art approach.
Beyond imitation: Zero-shot task transfer on robots by learning concepts as cognitive programs (2019)

Humans can infer concepts from image pairs and apply those in the physical world in a completely different setting, enabling tasks like IKEA assembly from diagrams. If robots could represent and infer high-level concepts, then it would notably improve their ability to understand our intent and to transfer tasks between different environments. To that end, we introduce a computational framework that replicates aspects of human concept learning. Concepts are represented as programs on a computer architecture consisting of a visual perception system, working memory, and action controller. The instruction set of this cognitive computer has commands for parsing a visual scene, directing gaze and attention, imagining new objects, manipulating the contents of a visual working memory, and controlling arm movement. Inferring a concept corresponds to inducing a program that can transform the input to the output. Some concepts require the use of imagination and recursion. Previously learned concepts simplify the learning of subsequent, more elaborate concepts and create a hierarchy of abstractions. We demonstrate how a robot can use these abstractions to interpret novel concepts presented to it as schematic images and then apply those concepts in very different situations. By bringing cognitive science ideas on mental imagery, perceptual symbols, embodied cognition, and deictic mechanisms into the realm of machine learning, our work brings us closer to the goal of building robots that have interpretable representations and common sense.
Pharmacokinetics after intravenous, subcutaneous, and oral administration of enrofloxacin to alpacas (2005)

Mean half-life following i.v., s.c., and p.o. administration was 11.2, 8.7, and 16.1 hours, respectively. For s.c. and p.o administration, mean total systemic availability was 90.18% and 29.31%, respectively; mean maximum plasma concentration was 3.79 and 1.81 microg/mL, respectively; and area under the curve (AUC) was 50.05 and 33.97 (microg x h)/mL, respectively. The s.c. or p.o administration of a single dose of enrofloxacin yielded a ratio for AUC to minimum inhibitory concentration > 100 for many grampositive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens common to camelids. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The administration of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg, s.c., or 10 mg/kg, p.o) may be appropriate for antimicrobial treatment of alpacas.
Determination of micropore volume and surface area of zeolite molecular sieves by D-R and D-A equations: A comparative study (2004)

Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) equation is used for determining the micropore volume and surface area of zeolite molecular sieves (ZMS) by using physisorption measurements. Likewise, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equation is used for the estimation of these parameters for carbon molecular sieves (CMS), and, unlike D-A equation it does not require the estimation of the exponent n. In this paper, surface area and micropore volume of 13X molecular sieves (MS) have been determined by using both D-A and D-R equations. The results by both equations are in very good agreement. Therefore, D-R equation may also be used for estimation of these parameters because its application is simple and easier.
Conversion of a synthetic fructosamine into its 3-phospho derivative in human erythrocytes (2000)

Intact human erythrocytes catalyse the conversion of fructose into fructose 3-phosphate with an apparent K(m) of 30 mM [Petersen, Kappler, Szwergold and Brown (1992) Biochem. J. 284, 363-366]. The physiological significance of this process is still unknown. In the present study we report that the formation of fructose 3-phosphate from 50 mM fructose in intact erythrocytes is inhibited by 1-deoxy-1-morpholinofructose (DMF), a synthetic fructosamine, with an apparent K(i) of 100 microM. (31)P NMR analysis of cell extracts incubated with DMF indicated the presence of an additional phosphorylated compound, which was partially purified and shown to be DMF 3-phosphate by tandem MS. Radiolabelled DMF was phosphorylated by intact erythrocytes with an apparent K(m) ( approximately 100 microM) approx. 300-fold lower than the value reported for fructose phosphorylation on its third carbon. These results indicate that the physiological function of the enzyme that is able to convert fructose into fructose 3-phosphate in intact erythrocytes is probably to phosphorylate fructosamines. This suggests that fructosamines, which are produced non-enzymically from glucose and amino compounds, may be metabolized in human erythrocytes.
An inexpensive stereoscopic vision system for robots (2005)

A relatively low cost stereoscopic vision system has been constructed here at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, using a video camera interfaced to a microcomputer. A motor driven mirror assembly attached to the camera is used to obtain the stereoscopic images. In the preliminary studies, an APPLE II microcomputer fitted with a DITHERTIZER II board was used for digitizing the video images. With its 280 × 192 resolution, we are able to measure distances with an accuracy of 8%. Currently, an IBM PC fitted with a VAN GOGH board by TECMAR having a resolution of 256 by 256 is used in place of the APPLE system. Using this system, much better results are obtained. The end system will be integrated to a Cincinnati Milacron T <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> industrial robot. In order to meaningfully utilize the information provided by the various subsystems interfaced to the robot, a three level hierarchical distributive system is being set up, using a PDP 11/34 minicomputer as the supervisory computer.
Tests for serial correlation in regression analysis based on the periodogram of least-squares residuals (1969)

A well-known procedure for testing for serial correlation is to plot out the sample path of the cumulated periodogram and to compare the resulting graph with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov limits. The paper considers small-sample aspects of this procedure when the periodogram is calculated from the residuals from least-squares regression. It is shown that for a test against an excess of low-frequency relative to high-frequency variation in the errors of the regression model, a pair of lines can be drawn on the graph such that if the path crosses the upper line the hypothesis of serial independence is definitely rejected, while if the path fails to cross the lower line the hypothesis is definitely accepted. In the intermediate case the test is inconclusive. Similar procedures are given for tests against an excess of high-frequency variation and for two-sided tests. To facilitate the tests a table of significance values of the appropriate modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics is given. A further test based on the mean of the ordinates of the cumulated periodogram is considered. It is shown that bounding significance values are easily obtainable from significance values of the mean of a uniform distribution.
Regulation of intestinal apolipoprotein A‐I synthesis by dietary phosphatidylcholine in newborn swine (2001)

Phospholipid (PL) from both dietary sources and biliary secretions may be important in the regulation of intestinal apolipoprotein (apo) synthesis. We previously demonstrated the up-regulation of apo A-I secretion by phosphatidylcholine (PC) in a newborn piglet intestinal epithelial cell line. We hypothesized that dietary PC increases small intestinal apo A-I synthesis in vivo in the newborn piglet. Two-day-old female swine were fed by gavage for 48 h. Diets consisted of a formula containing 51% of calories as triacylglycerol providing 180 kcal/kg/24 h. The experimental group (+PC, n = 7) received 1 g/L added soybean PC, and the control group (-PC, n = 7) received no added PC. At the end of the study period, jejunal apo A-I, B, and A-IV synthesis was measured, and apo A-I mRNA levels were quantitated. Jejunal mucosal PL content and serum lipids and apo B and A-I levels were measured. Jejunal apo A-I synthesis was almost twice as high in the +PC group as compared to the -PC group with no difference in apo A-I mRNA levels. Jejunal content of PL was higher in the +PC group than in the -PC group. There were no differences in jejunal apo B and A-IV synthesis or serum levels of lipids and apo-lipoproteins between the two groups. Dietary PC supplementation in newborn swine up-regulated jejunal apo A-I synthesis. Apo A-IV synthesis, which is sensitive to fatty acid flux, was not significantly increased, which suggests a specific effect of PC on apo A-I synthesis. Lumenal PC may be important in the regulation of intestinal apo A-I synthesis in the neonate.
Population and Settlements of Popradská Basin in the Context of Changes in Landscape Structure (2011)

Landscape structure continuously changes according to heterogeneous factors and conditions. Recently the most significant are the changes reflecting development of human society and its activities in the country. The aim of the contribution is documentation and analysis of population and settlement structure from the aspect of developmental trends of landscape structure in Poprad basin. These two factors play important role for the prediction of research area from the aspect of landscape structure.
Fast hydrolysis of an aliphatic amide at neutral pH and ambient temperature. A peptidase model (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFast hydrolysis of an aliphatic amide at neutral pH and ambient temperature. A peptidase modelF. M. Menger and M. LadikaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 20, 6794–6796Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00228a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views774Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (416 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A complete 18-bit audio D/A converter (1990)

A voltage-output digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for digital audio applications, which combines several conventional circuit architectures, is described. It uses high-resolution laser-trimming techniques to achieve total full-scale harmonic distortion plus noise of -94 dB, without external components or adjustments. The single-chip converter is integrated with an advanced high-density bipolar/CMOS process, resulting in a 6.2-mm/sup 2/ chip area, and is assembled in a 16-pin plastic package. The logic section includes TTL/CMOS translators for the three-input serial interface, an 18-b shift register, thermometer decoder for segmentation of the four MSBs, and an edge-triggered holding register for minimizing bit skew. The analog section consists of an 18-b binary-weighted current source DAC, bipolar offset circuitry, low-noise bandgap reference, and a low-distortion amplifier to provide voltage output. The core of the chip is a combination of three different DAC structures. The four most significant bits are segmented into 15 equally weighted current cells. Segmentation was chosen to decrease the component matching needed for good differential linearity and to decrease sensitivity to component drift over time, temperature, and packaging stress.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Postviral Fatigue Syndrome: Persistence of Enterovirus RNA in Muscle and Elevated Creatine Kinase (1988)

Enterovirus-specific probes have been prepared by reverse transcription of conserved sequences in purified Coxsackie B2 virus genomic RNA and molecular cloning techniques. These probes were used in quantitative slot blot hybridizations to test for the presence of enterovirus-specific RNA in skeletal muscle biopsy specimens from 96 patients who had suffered from the postviral fatigue syndrome myalgic encephalomyelitis for up to 20 years. Biopsy specimens from 20 patients were positive for the presence of virus-specific RNA with hybridization signals more than three standard deviations greater than the mean of the normal muscle controls. Biopsies from the remaining 76 patients were indistinguishable from the controls. These data show that enterovirus RNA is present in skeletal muscle of some patients with postviral fatigue syndrome up to 20 years after onset of disease and suggest that a persistent virus infection has an aetiological role.
A convenient alignment approach for x‐ray imaging experiments based on laser positioning devices (2008)

This study presents a two-laser alignment approach for facilitating the precise alignment of various imaging and measuring components with respect to the x-ray beam. The first laser constantly pointed to the output window of the source, in a direction parallel to the path along which the components are placed. The second laser beam, originating from the opposite direction, was calibrated to coincide with the first laser beam. Thus, a visible indicator of the direction of the incident x-ray beam was established, and the various components could then be aligned conveniently and accurately with its help.