gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the Performance of Centrifugal Pumps in Serial and Parallel Configurations Using Digital Twins (2019)

Abstract Centrifugal pumps are devices commonly used in countless industrial and residential applications, from water supply systems to oil and gas processing plants. These rotatory hydraulic machines have a strong impact on the energy consumption of industry worldwide, not only because of their vast amount but also because of their continuous operation. Therefore, developing techniques to improve the efficiency of pumping systems is of great help to make communities and industrial activity more sustainable. The overall performance of these pieces of machinery cannot be fully predicted by means of analytical procedures due to the complexity of the fluid flow phenomena that occurs in their interior, so it is common practice to resort to alternate modeling techniques, such as computer aided numerical analysis, which can predict the performance of a pump, given its CAD computer model. However, the performance of an actual centrifugal pump may deviate from its ideal behavior due to multiple causing factors which may alter the performance curves given by the manufacturers in the corresponding data sheets. The discrepancies between the real and the simulated responses of centrifugal pumps demand for better modeling and simulation techniques to improve the design of more efficient pumping systems. Digital twins have the ability to bring the simulation environment closer to reality, by replicating the behavior of the physical system in a simulation environment with the support of experimental data. The digital twin of a multiple pumps system with serial and parallel configurations was developed, based on two identical industrial centrifugal pumps available in the laboratory. Experimental data was collected to calibrate the digital twin system so that the simulated system can predict the response under changing operating conditions. The simulation environment was developed with the assistance of a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics computer program. After validating the behavior of the virtual components, with respect to the behavior of their actual counterparts, tests were carried out to predict the behavior of the pumping system in case of downstream disturbances which can affect the operating point of the overall pumping system and its corresponding efficiency. The development of the digital twin for the pumping system allowed visualizing how the pumps connected in series or in parallel can be maneuvered to adjust its operating conditions to achieve higher efficiency operating conditions in response to changes in the conditions downstream in the pipeline.
Electrical Properties of n‐Type Epitaxial Gallium Arsenide (1966)

Abstract Measurements have been carried out to determine the temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient and resistivity of n‐type epitaxial gallium arsenide in the range 4.2 to 300 °K. Such materials has in general a lower impurity concentration and a higher mobility than melt grown material. The temperature dependence of the carrier concentration is described by the expression where g r is the degeneracy factor and E r the excitation energy of the r th excited state of the donor atom, the number of excited states depends upon the donor concentration. The ionization energy varies from 1.6 × 10 −3 to 4.7 × 10 −3 eV when the donor concentration changes from 5 × 10 15 to 3 × 10 14 cm −3 . Qualitative comparison between the measured temperature variation of the Hall mobility and published theory shows reasonable agreement. The highest mobility measured was 103000 cm 2 (Vs) −1 at 52 °K.
Regional Distribution of Myocardial Blood Flow in the Dog as Determined by Rb <sup>86</sup> (1961)

The distribution of Rb 86 Cl in the canine myocardium was determined at 20 seconds, 10 minutes, and 19 hours after administration of isotope. The uptake of Rb 86 20 seconds after injection is related to blood flow, and the myocardial distribution of isotope probably closely reflects the apportionment of coronary blood flow. The isotope was uniformly divided between the various regions of the left ventricle and averaged 6.4 per cent of the injected dose per 100 Gm. of tissue. This value exceeded the fractional uptake of 4.3 per cent for the right ventricle and 3.7 per cent for the atria. After 19 hours, the Rb 86 content serves virtually as a tracer for potassium. After this interval, the myocardial distribution of Rb 86 closely followed previously published reports of the relative potassium contents of the various myocardial regions.
Assimilation of oil from metal surfaces by epoxy adhesives: XPS and ATR analyses (1995)

Abstract The oil displaceing and absorbing behaviors of epoxy adhesives cured with amidoamine curing agents on oiled metal substrates were studied using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR). A Simple XPS experiment demonstrated that amidoamine curing agents could displace an aliphatic oil from the cold‐rolled steel (CRS) and the electrogalvanized steel (EGS) surfaces, but an epoxy resin based on bisphenol A could not. Results of ATR measurements sowed that the oil was effectively displaced from the CRS surface and absorbed as deep as 2 μm into the epoxy adhesive cured with amidoamine with low amine numbers. But the oil was mostly present in the 0.3 μm thick adhesive layer near the CRS/adhesive interface for the epoxy adhesive cured with amidoamine with high amine numbers. The oil absorbing ability of the adhesive was worse on the oiled EGS substrate than on the oiled CRS substrate. It was also found that the pressure applied during cure could greatly facilitate the absorption of oil into the adhesive. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Determination of porosity and formation factor of water-saturated porous specimens from dielectric dispersion measurements (1998)

Abstract The porosity and the formation factor of water-saturated porous glass specimens made from sintered spherical grains are determined from the dielectric dispersion measurements of the specimens. This is done by fitting the Mendelson et al. theory for a water-saturated porous glass specimen to the experimental data using a bimodal grain shape distribution (spherical and plate-like) for the glass. The porosity, pore-water conductivity, concentration of plate-shaped grains, and their aspect ratio are used as fitting parameters, which are varied to obtain the best fit. The porosity and formation factor obtained by this fitting procedure are very close to the values obtained by separate measurements.
Psilobethylus in the New World (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) (1951)

The family Bethylidae is one of the most unsatisfactorily known of the larger hymenopterous assemblages. Presentday taxonomy is dependent upon the monograph of Kieffer in Das Tierreich (Lief. 41, 1914) and on such meager authentically determined material as exists in the larger collections of insects. Kieffer's work rests on a very poor basic literature, and furthermore, the monograph includes many elements like the dryinids, Algoella, Embolemus, etc. which cannot now be considered close to the bethylids. The subsequent removal of many of these tramontane groups does little to relieve the difficulty one meets in trying to use Kieffer's work for practical identification. These considera- tions, together with the scarcity of material for study, make taxonomic endeavor in the bethylids a frustrating experience.
In Vivo Uptake of Radiolabeled MDA2, an Oxidation-Specific Monoclonal Antibody, Provides an Accurate Measure of Atherosclerotic Lesions Rich in Oxidized LDL and Is Highly Sensitive to Their Regression (2000)

To determine whether labeled antibodies against oxidized LDL (OxLDL) offer advantages for quantifying atherosclerosis, we compared in vivo aortic uptake of (125)I-labeled MDA2, a monoclonal antibody against malondialdehyde-lysine epitopes), atherosclerotic surface area, and aortic weight in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic and New Zealand White rabbits and in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) and apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Absolute and specific uptakes of (125)I-MDA2 were significantly greater in plaque than in normal aortas. Uptake of (125)I-MDA2 significantly correlated with aortic weight and percent atherosclerotic surface area in rabbits and mice. To assess whether (125)I-MDA2 uptake reflects changes in lesion content of OxLDL, in a separate study, extensive atherosclerosis was induced in 4 groups of LDLR(-/-) mice by feeding them a high fat/cholesterol diet for 6 months. A baseline group was euthanized at this time. The remaining groups were fed "regression" diets (chow or chow+1% vitamin E+0.05% vitamin C) or the high fat/cholesterol diet for 6 more months. When atherosclerosis was measured as percent surface area or aortic weight, there was strong progression in the high fat/cholesterol group, moderate progression in the chow group, and no progression in the chow+vitamin E+vitamin C group compared with the baseline group. The (125)I-MDA2 method also yielded a significant increase in atherosclerosis in the high fat/cholesterol group but significant decreases in the chow and chow+vitamin E+vitamin C groups. Immunocytochemistry showed fewer oxidation-specific epitopes in lesions from the chow and chow+vitamin E+vitamin C groups. Thus, the uptake of (125)I-MDA2 correlates well with traditional measures of atherosclerosis but also reflects reduced plaque OxLDL content after hypocholesterolemic intervention.
A complete pipelined parallel CORDIC architecture for motion estimation (1998)

In this paper, a novel fully pipelined parallel CORDIC architecture is proposed for motion estimation. Unlike other block matching structures, it estimates motion in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain instead of the spatial domain. As a result, it achieves high system throughput and low hardware complexity as compared to the conventional motion estimation design in MPEG standards. That makes the proposed architecture very attractive in real-time high-speed video communication. Importantly, the DCT-based nature enables us not only to efficiently combine DCT and motion estimation units into a single component but also to replace all multiply-and-add operations in plane rotation by CORDICs to gain further savings in hardware complexity. Furthermore, this multiplier-free architecture is regular, modular, and has solely local connection suitable for VLSI implementation. The goal of the paper is to provide a solution for MPEG compatible video codec design on a dedicated single chip.
Breast Cancer Highlights (1999)

Although there was no major breakthrough reported at this year's meeting to compare with the report last year on the efficacy of Herceptin, there were a number of quality presentations that will contribute substantially to clinical practice.The plenary session, in which substantial information was presented regarding the efficacy (or lack thereof) of high-dose chemotherapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer or high-risk primary disease, attracted the highest attendance.In the session on systemic therapy, the emphasis was on improving chemotherapy regimens either with regard to efficacy or with regard to toxicity.The session on local-regional therapy focused on the use of hormonal therapies in the adjuvant setting for premenopausal women.Finally, there was a brief update on the prevention trials. ROLE OF HIGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY/STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN BREAST CANCERThe plenary session included four abstracts addressing the role of high-dose chemotherapy/stem cell transplantation for the treatment of breast cancer.One of these involved women with metastatic disease.The other three were in the setting of high-risk primary disease.Phase III Randomized Trial of High-Dose Chemotherapy (HDC) and Stem Cell Support (SCT) Shows No Difference in Overall Survival or Severe Toxicity Compared to Maintenance Chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate and 5-Fluorouracil (CMF) for Women with Metastatic Breast Cancer Who Are Responding to Conventional Induction Chemotherapy: The "Philadelphia" Intergroup Study (PBT-1).
Effect of CaCl <sub>2</sub> and KCl on Physiochemical Properties of Model Nutritional Beverages Based on Whey Protein Stabilized Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions (2002)

ABSTRACT: Calcium chloride (0 to 10 mM) and potassium chloride (0 to 600 mM) were added into model nutritional beverage emulsions containing 7% (w/w) soybean oil droplets and 0.35% (w/w) whey protein isolate (pH 6.7). The particle size, surface charge, viscosity, and creaming stability of the emulsions then were measured. The surface charge decreased with increasing mineral ion concentration. The particle size, viscosity, and creaming instability of the emulsions increased appreciably above critical CaCl 2 (3 mM) and KCl (200 mM) concentrations because of droplet flocculation. The origin of this effect was attributed to reduction of the electrostatic repulsion between droplets due to electrostatic screening and ion binding. CaCl 2 promoted emulsion instability more efficiently than KCl because Ca 2+ ions are more effective at reducing electrostatic repulsion than K + ions.
A prediction matrix approach to convolutive ICA (2004)

A linear prediction approach reduces convolutive independent component analysis (ICA) to the following three steps: solution of a set of multivariate linear prediction problems, a linear multivariate deconvolution problem with known matrix coefficients, and finally solution of a conventional instantaneous mixing ICA problem.
MS/MS/MS Reveals False Positive Identification of Histone Serine Methylation (2009)

Methylation of lysine and arginine residues is known to play a key role in regulating histone structure and function. However, methylation of other amino acid residues in histones has not been previously described. Using exhaustive nano-HPLC/MS/MS and blind protein sequence database searches, we tentatively assigned methylation to serine 28 of histone H3 from calf thymus. The assignment was in agreement with our stringent manual verification rules, coelution in HPLC/MS/MS with its corresponding synthetic peptide, the dynamic nature of such methylation in distinct cell lines, and isotopic labeling. However, careful inspection of the MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra of a series of synthetic peptides confirmed that methylation actually occurs on K27 rather than on S28. The misassignment was caused by the fact that the (y(9) + 14) of the putative S28-methylated peptide and (b(9) + 18) ions of the K27 methylated peptide share the same m/z value (m/z 801). This MS/MS peak was used as the major evidence to assign methylation to S28 (consecutive y(8) and (y(9) + 14) ions). MS/MS/MS analysis revealed the false positive nature of serine methylation: the ambiguous ion at m/z 801 is indeed (b(9) + 18), an ion resulting from an in vitro reaction in the gas phase during collisionally activated dissociation (CAD). When lysine (K27) was acetylated, the degree of such in vitro reactions was greatly reduced, and such reactions were completely eliminated when the C-terminus was blocked by carboxylic group derivatization. Moreover, such side-chain assisted C-terminal rearrangement was found to be charge dependent. In aggregate, these results suggest that extra caution should be taken in interpretation of post-translational modification (PTM) data and that MS/MS as well as MS/MS/MS of synthetic peptides are needed for verifying the identity of peptides bearing a novel PTM.
Quantitative Structure-Activity-Relationships and Modes of Action of Pesticides (1979)

The biological structure-activity relationships can be analyzed by means of a procedure similar to what has been used to elucidate physical organic structure-reactivity relationships. Using the Hammett-Taft substituent parameters such as σ, σ* and ES for electronic and steric factors and the parameter π for hydrophobicity defined from oil/water partition coefficients, structure-activity relationships of a number of series of biologically active compounds including pesticides have been analyzed quantitatively. By means of regression analysis, factors governing the variation in the magnitude of biological response are separated into respective terms of physicochemical parameters. By comparing the relative significance of each of the parameter terms with those observed for standard physical organic reactions and empirical rules accumulated for chemicobiological interactions, (sub) molecular modes of action of biologically active compunds can be delineated including mechanisms in the course of transport as well as those for the interaction with the target site in certain cases. This procedure named after Hansch has been used to such biological activities as nerve blocking of BHC and related compounds and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of phenyl N-methylcarbamate insecticides. The nerve blocking is attributed to nonspecific perturbation of nerve membrane due to hydrophobicity of molecule. The acetylcholinesterase inhibition with N-methylcarbamates is governed by positition-specific substituent effects such as biphasic electronic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding besides steric and proximity electronic effects of ortho substituents.
Fabrication of Oriented and Periodic Hybrid Nanostructures of Regioregular Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and CdSe Nanocrystals by Directional Epitaxial Solidification (2007)

Hybrid nanostructures of regioregular (RR) P3HT and colloidal CdSe nanocrystals (spheres and rods, see figure) have been prepared by directional epitaxial solidification. The hybrid nanostructured films involve the periodic alternation of crystalline P3HT lamellae separated by amorphous interlamellar zones harboring the confined CdSe nanocrystals. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c0311_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Physicochemical, biological and drug-release properties of gallium crosslinked alginate/nanoparticulate bioactive glass composite films (2011)

The aim of this work was to develop biodegradable and bioactive materials with sufficient structural integrity and prophylaxis effect against infection based on alginate-bioactive glass composite. The incorporation of bioactive glass nanoparticles (NBG) into Ga-crosslinked alginate films significantly improved their mechanical properties when compared with films fabricated with micron-sized bioactive glass particles. In addition, Ga-alginate films containing NBG induced a bacteriostatic effect in vitro towards S. aureus due to the presence of Ga ions (Ga3+), whose release is controlled solely by crosslinking the ion with alginate. Biomineralization studies in simulated body fluid suggested the deposition of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the films indicating their bioactive nature. In addition, the films were shown to feature biocompatibility toward osteoblast-like cells. Thus, it was shown that Ga-crosslinked composite films possessed relevant physicochemical, biological and controlled bacteriostatic effects which make these materials promising candidates for bone tissue engineering applications.
Evolution of bilateral symmetry in agents controlled by spiking neural networks (2009)

We present in this paper three novel developmental models allowing information to be encoded in space and time, using spiking neurons placed on a 2D substrate. In two of these models, we introduce neural development that can use bilateral symmetry. We show that these models can create neural controllers for agents evolved to perform chemotaxis. Neural bilateral symmetry can be evolved and be beneficial for an agent. This work is the first, as far as we know, to present developmental models where spiking neurons are generated in space and where bilateral symmetry can be evolved and proved to be beneficial in this context.
Cleavage of Olefins by Polymer-Supported Osmium Tetroxide and Sodium Periodate (1989)

Oxidative cleavage of olefins has been achieved by the simultaneous use of polymer-supported osmium tetroxide and sodium periodate. Good yields of carbonyl compounds, fast reaction rate, and easy work-up are the main features of the proposed procedure.
Adequacy equivalents in composite power system evaluation (1988)

The authors present a technique for developing adequacy equivalents for bulk power networks. The concept of applying adequate equivalents in the calculation of adequacy indices for the area of interest is also presented. The main advantage of the proposed technique is in the adequacy evaluation of large networks where the utilization of quantitative techniques is often impeded by the large computation time associated with them. The method also provides an approach for performing exhaustive sensitivity studies in the area of interest without solving the entire network each time. The adequacy equivalent, once developed for the interconnected area, can be used repeatedly for conducting a range of studies in the area of interest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Control Method Based on Power Factor for Improving Output Voltage Stability and Efficiency of LLC Converter in Wide Range of Output Voltage and Load Impedance (2021)

The LLC converter is attractive for its small volume and comparatively high efficiency. However, the application of this converter is limited to the power supply to a static load with almost constant output voltage and current because the LLC design covering a wide range in the output voltage and the load variation can deteriorate the output voltage stability and efficiency. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a novel control method. Unlike the conventional control, which adjusts the operating frequency to stabilize the output voltage, the proposed control adjusts the power factor of the transformer primary-side to achieve the same excellent dynamic performance as the buck chopper. Simulation supported the effectiveness of the proposed control at a wide load variation range.
Catalytic generation of methanol synthesis gas from wood (1982)

Experimental investigations include laboratory scale and process development unit (PDU) scale studies. In the laboratory scale studies, wood chips of approximately 3 mm (1/8 in.) in size are continuously fed to a 5 cm (2 in.) inside diameter by 35 cm (14 in.) reactor. Gasification products pass through a fixed catalyst bed, 25 mm (1 in.) inside diameter by 75 mm (3 in.) at the base of the reactor. The resulting gas mixture is cooled to remove condensables, passed through a wet test meter, sampled, and analyzed in a gas chromatograph. In PDU operations wood was processed at a rate of about 25 kg (55 lb)/h on a dry basis. Wood chips with about 5 wt % moisture were continuously fed submerged into a bed of catalyst and char which was fluidized with superheated steam. A schematic of the gasifier and a PNL flow schematic are shown. The fluid bed section of the gasifier is about 20 cm (7.75 in.) inside diameter by 120 cm (4 ft) in depth. Overal gasifier height is 3 m (10 ft). Energy for the endothermic reactions is provided by electrical heaters surrounding and submerged in the fluid bed. Of course on a large scale,more » heat would be provided by other means, such as high temperature heat exchangers or circulating solids.« less