gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning of four cyclins from maize indicates that higher plants have three structurally distinct groups of mitotic cyclins. (1994)

While a large number of cyclins have been described in animals and yeasts, very limited information is available regarding cyclins in plants. We describe here the isolation of cDNA clones encoding four putative mitotic cyclins from maize. All four cyclins were able to induce maturation of Xenopus oocytes, demonstrating that they can act as mitotic cyclins in this system. Northern analysis showed that all four cyclins were expressed only in actively dividing tissues and organs, with a stronger correlation between expression and mitotic activity than is observed with cdc2. The deduced protein sequences suggest that the four maize cyclins belong to the cyclin A and B families identified from animal and yeast studies but that they cannot be described easily as either A-type or B-type cyclins. However, comparison with previously cloned plant cyclins shows that cyclins in higher plants form three distinct structural groups that have been conserved in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species and that cyclins from all three groups are present within a single plant species.
Evaluation of Plantar Fasciitis by Three-phase Bone Scintigraphy (1991)

Fifteen patients complaining of chronic heel pain underwent three-phase Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy. Ten patients demonstrated abnormal scan findings consistent with plantar fasciitis (PF) and had responded to conventional therapy. Two patients were found to have calcaneal stress fractures, and one patient demonstrated a calcaneal spur that required no treatment. The remaining two patients had normal scans and did not appear clinically to have PF. The three-phase bone scan is therefore very useful in diagnosing PF and in distinguishing it from other etiologies of the painful heel syndrome.
<title>Theory of hyperchromats with linear longitudinal chromatic aberration</title> (2005)

Optical lens systems have always chromatic aberration. Optical systems that are used for imaging in optical instruments, e.g. in binoculars, microscopes, cameras and projectors, have chromatic aberration corrected very well in order not to reduce imaging quality. In many cases, it is necessary to use optical systems with relatively large chromatic aberration. The optical systems that are characterized by a chromatic aberration of a predefined form are called hyperchromats. Our work describes a theory of hyperchromats with a linear dependence of longitudinal chromatic aberration on wavelength. The equations are derived for calculation of basic design parameters of these optical systems and several examples of calculations are shown. Mentioned optical systems can be used especially in 3D imaging systems and confocal microscopy.
Rapid Fluorous Stille Coupling Reactions Conducted under Microwave Irradiation (1997)

Palladium-catalyzed fluorous Stille cross-coupling reactions with organic halides or triflates require only 90−120 s for completion when conducted under microwave irradiation. Comparable thermal reactions require about 1 day. Fourteen different coupling products were synthesized and isolated in good yields after three-phase extraction (FC-84, dichloromethane, water) and chromatography. The examples extend the scope of the fluorous Stille coupling with respect to both the tin and halide/triflate components. Applications in parallel synthesis are suggested.
war economy (2011)

In wartime, many markets are suspended. When survival is at stake, governments arrogate the task of setting priorities and the power to allocate resources. The problems of wartime allocation are typically those of management and politics, and have to be resolved ad hoc. The majority of wars since 1945 have taken place in less-developed economies, often in the form of insurgencies or civil wars; but this experience and its literature are both fragmented. What follows is based largely on the experience of Germany, Britain and the United States in the First and Second World Wars, in Korea and in Vietnam.
Functional Nervous Disorders of the Heart (1927)

Journal Article Functional Nervous Disorders of the Heart Get access R Travers Smith, M.D. Dub., F.R.C.P. Irel R Travers Smith, M.D. Dub., F.R.C.P. Irel Consulting Physician to the West Middlesex HospitalPhysician to the Miller General Hospital, S.E Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Postgraduate Medical Journal, Volume 2, Issue 22, July 1927, Pages 153–155, https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2.22.153 Published: 01 July 1927
A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of (±)-Methyl Dihydroepijasmonate (1986)

An efficient synthesis of the less stable cis-isomer, methyl dihydroepijasmonate 8, is described.
Central obesity and hypertension: pathophysiologic role of renal haemodynamics and function. (1995)

Our results indicate that obesity with body fat distribution of central type, more than obesity of peripheral type, is associated to abnormalities in renal haemodynamics and function. These data are consistent with the indication that change in renal haemodynamics take place at an early stage in the obesity-induced hypertension.
Radio determination satellite service (1990)

The capabilities and measured performance of a geosynchronous satellite-based service called the radio determination satellite service (RDSS), which operates at radio frequencies allocated by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and is licensed in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), are discussed. Plans for both improvement in capability and expansion to nearly global coverage are described. Since RDSS can also provide radio navigation, some comparisons of this service with the Global Positioning System (GPS) are made.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins from Sambucus for the Construction of Immunotoxins and Conjugates for Cancer Therapy (2011)

The type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) isolated from some species belonging to the Sambucus genus, have the characteristic that although being even more active than ricin inhibiting protein synthesis in cell-free extracts, they lack the high toxicity of ricin and related type 2 RIPs to intact cells and animals. This is due to the fact that after internalization, they follow a different intracellular pathway that does not allow them to reach the cytosolic ribosomes. The lack of toxicity of type 2 RIPs from Sambucus make them good candidates as toxic moieties in the construction of immunotoxins and conjugates directed against specific targets. Up to now they have been conjugated with either transferrin or anti-CD105 to target either transferrin receptor- or endoglin-overexpressing cells, respectively.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Innovative Therapies (2001)

Since its description in 1967, the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has become one of the most studied pathophysiological processes in intensive care units worldwide. The current state of knowledge about this severe illness and its associated mediators has come from the study of relevant animal models. In the mid-1970s, the development of the sheep model of ARDS and later, the porcine model, led to the discovery of a wide variety of inflammatory lipid mediators, cytokines, and proteases, to name but a few. Recognition of the presence of such highly toxic mediators associated with the development of ARDS has led to numerous potential targets for drug development toward therapeutic intervention. Through implementation of a standardized definition for ARDS and its less severe sibling acute lung injury (ALI), growth in patient-oriented research has been possible. Substantial numbers of new therapies have been brought forth and examined in recent years, many of which remain controversial. This article is a critical appraisal of the potential therapeutic options investigated in recent years for the management of ALI/ARDS.
Neoplastic transformation by the human gene N-myc. (1987)

Amplification and abundant expression of a gene known as N-myc are found frequently in advanced stages of human neuroblastoma and may play a role in the genesis of several malignant human tumors. Previous studies have shown that N-myc can cooperate with a mutant allele of the proto-oncogene c-Ha-ras to transform embryonic rat cells in culture. Here we show that N-myc can also act alone to elicit neoplastic growth of an established line of rat fibroblasts (Rat-1). We used recombinant DNA vectors to express either N-myc or its kindred gene c-myc in transfected cells. Both genes caused morphological transformation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity. We noticed two variables that appeared to influence the ability to isolate cells transformed by N-myc and c-myc: the abundance in which the genes were expressed and biological selection to eliminate untransformed cells from the cultures. Our findings sustain the belief that N-myc is an authentic proto-oncogene, lend further credibility to the role of N-myc in the genesis of human tumors, and establish a convenient assay that can be used to explore further the properties of both N-myc and c-myc.
Noninvasive detection of functional brain activity with near-infrared diffusing-wave spectroscopy (2005)

We use near-infrared dynamic multiple scattering of light [diffusing-wave spectroscopy (DWS)] to detect the activation of the somato-motor cortex in 11 right-handed volunteers performing a finger opposition task separately with their right and left hands. Temporal autocorrelation functions g(1)(r,tau) of the scattered light field are measured during 100-s periods of motor task alternating with 100-s resting baseline periods. From an analysis of the experimental data with an analytical theory for g(1)(r,tau) from a three-layer geometry with optical and dynamical heterogeneity representing scalp, skull, and cortex, we obtain quantitative estimates of the diffusion coefficient in cortical regions. Consistent with earlier results, the measured cortical diffusion coefficient is found to be increased during the motor task, with a strong contralateral and a weaker ipsilateral increase consistent with the known brain hemispheric asymmetry for right-handed subjects. Our results support the interpretation of the increase of the cortical diffusion coefficient during finger opposition being due to the functional increase in cortical blood flow rate related to vasodilation.
Boosted dopamine and blunted serotonin in Tourette syndrome – evidence from <i>in vivo</i> imaging studies (2022)

The precise cortical and subcortical mechanisms of Tourette syndrome (TS) are still not fully understood. In the present retrospective analysis, adolescent and adult medication-naïve patients showed increased DA transporter (DAT) binding in nucleus caudate (CAUD), putamen (PUT) and/or whole neostriatum (NSTR). D<sub>2</sub> receptor (R) binding and DA release were not different from controls throughout the nigrostriatal and mesolimbocortical system. When patients were medication-free (either medication-naïve or under withdrawal), DAT was still increased in PUT, but not different from controls in CAUD, NSTR and ventral striatum (VSTR). SERT was unaltered in midbrain/pons (MP), but decreased in PUT, thalamus (THAL) and hypothalamus. D<sub>2</sub>R was unaltered throughout the nigrostriatal and mesolimbocortical system, while DA release was not different from controls in PUT, CAUD and NSTR, but elevated in VSTR. 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R binding was unaltered in neocortex and cingulate. In acutely medicated adults, DAT was unaltered in PUT, but still increased in CAUD, whereas DA release remained unaltered throughout the nigrostriatal and mesolimbocortical system. When part of the patients was acutely medicated, vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2), DAT, SERT and DA synthesis were not different from controls in striatal regions, whereas D<sub>2</sub>R was decreased in NSTR, THAL, frontal cortex and limbic regions. Conversely, 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R binding was unaltered in striatal regions and THAL, but increased in neocortical and limbic areas. It may be hypothesized that both the DA surplus and the 5-HT shortage in key regions of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic system are relevant for the bouts of motor activity and the deficiencies in inpulse control.
Transplant dose of CD34<sup>+</sup> and CD3<sup>+</sup> cells predicts outcome in patients with haematological malignancies undergoing T cell‐depleted peripheral blood stem cell transplants with delayed donor lymphocyte add‐back (2001)

We sought to optimize and standardize stem cell and lymphocyte doses of T cell‐depleted peripheral blood stem cell transplants (T‐PBSCT), using delayed add‐back of donor T cells (DLI) to prevent relapse and enhance donor immune recovery. Fifty‐one patients with haematological malignancies received a T‐PBSCT from an HLA‐identical sibling, followed by DLI of 1 × 10 7 and 5 × 10 7 CD3 + cells/kg on d +45 and +100 respectively. Twenty‐four patients were designated as standard risk and twenty‐seven patients with more advanced leukaemia were designated as high risk. Median recipient age was 38 years (range 10–56). Median (range) of CD34 + and CD3 + cell transplant doses were 4·6 (2·3–10·9) × 10 6 /kg and 0·83 (0·38–2) × 10 5 /kg respectively. The cumulative probability of acute GVHD was 39%. No patient died from GVHD or its consequences. The probability of developing chronic GVHD was 54% (18% extensive). The probability of relapse was 12% for the standard‐risk patients and 66% for high‐risk patients. In multivariate analysis, the risk factors for lower disease‐free survival and overall survival were high‐risk disease, CD34 + dose < 4·6 × 10 6 /kg and CD3 + dose < 0·83 × 10 5 /kg. Predictive factors for chronic GVHD were a T‐cell dose at transplant > 0·83 × 10 5 CD3 + cells/kg. These results further define the impact of CD34 and CD3 cell dose on transplant outcome and show that careful dosing of stem cells and lymphocytes may permit the control and optimization of transplant outcome.
Hodge Theory and the Art of Paper Folding (1997)

Using Hodge theory and L^2 -cohomology we study the singularities and topology of configuration and moduli spaces of polygonal linkages in the 2-sphere. As a consequence we describe the local deformation space of a folded paper cone in \boldsymbol R^3 .
<title>Laser-machined components for microanalytical and chemical separation devices</title> (1998)

Excimer lasers have proven to be powerful tools for machining polymeric components used in microanalytical and microchemical separation devices. We report the use of laser machining methods to produce microfluidic channels and liquid/liquid contact membranes for a number of devices fabricated at our laboratory. Microchannels 50- to 100- micrometers -wide have been produced directly in bulk polycarbonate chips using a direct-write laser micromachining system. Wider microchannels have been produced by laser machining paths through sheets of polyimide film, then sandwiching the patterned piece between solid chips of polycarbonate stock. A comparison of direct-write and mask machining processes used to produce some of the microfluidic features is made. Examples of microanalytical devices produced using these methods are presented. Included are microdialysis units used to remove electrolytes from liquid samples and electrophoretic separation devices, both used for extremely low volume samples intended for mass spectrometric analysis. A multilayered microfluidic device designed to analyze low volume groundwater samples for hazardous metals and a fluidics motherboard are also described. Laser machining processes have also been explored for producing polymeric membranes suitable for use in liquid/liquid contactors used for removal of soluble hazardous components from waste streams. A step-and-repeat mask machining process was used to produce 0.5 X 8 cm membranes in 25- and 50-micrometers -thick polyimide. Pore diameters produced using this method were five and ten micrometers. The laser machined membranes were sputter coated with PTFE prior to use to improve fluid breakthrough characteristics.
P- and S-wave separation for ocean bottom seismic recordings (1996)

The quest for a more detailed and confident description of the subsurface has led to the rise of three-component (3- C) seismic surveying. Considerable effort is currently being expended to make and use converted-wave (P-to-S reflection) seismic sections from these 3-C recordings. Most of the effort to date has been with land recordings. However, with the advent of the SUMC (subsea seismic) survey and its very promising early results (Berg et al., 1994), more attention is focusing on the marine 3-C case. A fundamental aspect of deciphering 3-C records from the ocean bottom is to understand how seismic waves interact with a geophone at a fluid-solid interface. This paper reviews the basic theory of the geophone response at the water bottom and proposes a new filter to separate P and S waves so recorded. The separation filter is based on the methods of Dankbaar (1985). The separated waves (pure P and S) are then further processed into their respective sections.
Study of two-dimensional Gunn domain dynamics using a stroboscopic SEM (1978)

Two-dimensional domain dynamics has been clarified in a cathode-slanted planar Gunn diode under the pulse-biased operation using a stroboscopic scanning electron microscope. Experimental results are in reasonable agreement with theoretical results.
Influence of aluminium addition on oxidation resistance of Ta-W alloy (2019)

Alloys with composition of Ta-10 wt.% W and Ta-10 wt.% W-6 wt.% Al, respectively, were prepared by the hot-press sintering process. The oxidation behaviour at 900°C and 1000°C was studied. The oxidation weight gain curves of the Ta–10%W alloy followed the linear law and the final oxidation product was Ta2O5 solid solution. Meanwhile, due to the addition of Al, the oxidation weight gain curves of the Ta–10%W–6%Al alloy followed the parabolic law. The final oxidation products at 900°C formed a dense outer layer Al2O3 and an inner layer. However, after being oxidised at 1000°C, the oxidation products included Al2O3, AlTaO4 and Ta22W4O67. Since the dense Al2O3 oxide film was consumed by the generation of AlTaO4, the inward diffusion of oxygen cannot be prevented. The oxidation resistance degraded at 1000°C. The addition of Al significantly improved the oxidation resistance of the Ta-W-based alloy system.
Magnetic field effects on pineal indoleamine metabolism and possible biological consequences (1992)

In recent years, there has been a great deal of publicity concerning the possible health effects of electric and/or magnetic field exposure. One of the most frequently reported observations after the exposure of animals to either electric or magnetic fields relates to alterations in the metabolism of serotonin (5HT) to melatonin within the pineal gland. This review summarizes these results particularly in animals exposed to intermittently inverted, non-time varying magnetic fields, i.e., pulsed static magnetic fields. When exposure occurs at night, the conversation of 5HT to melatonin is typically depressed, not unlike that after light exposure at night. The mechanisms by which pulsed magnetic fields alter the ability of the pineal to convert 5HT to the chief pineal hormone melatonin remains unknown but may involve effects on any or all of the following: the retinas, the suprachiasmatic nuclei, the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and the pinealocytes. Results to date suggest that induced electrical currents (eddy currents) produced by the pulsed magnetic fields are particularly detrimental to pineal indoleamine metabolism and may be an important causative factor in the metabolic changes measured. The physiological consequences of perturbations in the melatonin rhythm induced by magnetic field exposure remain unknown.
Clinical and MRI findings in spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (1999)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5), one of the genetically heterogeneous autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias, was assigned to chromosome 11 in a single family descending from the grandparents of President Abraham Lincoln. We report a second, apparently unrelated, SCA5 family of French origin. The overall clinical picture was a slowly progressive cerebellar syndrome beginning mostly in the third decade (27+/-10 years, range 14 to 40). MRI showed a marked global cerebellar atrophy similar to SCA6.
New aspects of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of thiazolium N-imines with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). (1984)

The reaction of thiazolium N-imines with DMAD in methanol was studied. 4-Methylthiazolium N-imine (1a) reacted with DMAD to give three products, dimethyl [2-(3', 4'-bismethoxycarbonyl-1-pyrazolyl)-propenylthio] fumarate (4, 1 : 2 adduct)1b), dimethyl 2, 3-bis [2'-(3", 4"-bismethoxycarbonyl-1"-pyrazolyl)-propenylthio] succinate (5, 2 : 3 adduct), and 3-methyl-6-methoxycarbonyl-8-oxidothiazolo [3, 2-b] pyridazinium (6a). The structure of 6a was established by X-ray analysis and infrared (IR) spectral data. In a similar reaction with 4, 5-dimethylthiazolium N-imine (1b), 2, 3-dimethyl-6, 7-bismethoxycarbonyl-7, 7a-dihydro-4H-thiazolo [3, 2-b] pyrazole (2'b, 1 : 1 adduct) was isolated, and this compound, when heated in ethanol, underwent ring expansion to be converted into an 8-oxidothiazolo [3, 2-b] pyridazinium derivative (6b), an analog of 6a.
A new approach to the geometry of TOA location (2002)

Positioning a transmitter via measured times of arrival (TOAs), or range measurements, is a familiar technique that has received much attention in the literature. In the traditional geometric interpretation, TOAs generate circles whose intersections provide the estimate of the transmitter. In this paper a new geometrical interpretation is presented in which straight lines of position (LOPs), rather than the circular LOPs, are used to determine the position of the transmitter. The straight LOPs come from a simple observation regarding the geometry of the system and are not obtained from linearization. Two methods using the straight LOPs are given and their performance is analyzed and compared to methods which employ linearization.
40 Gbit/s L-band transmission experimentusing SPM-tolerant carrier-suppressed RZ format (1999)

It is shown by using numerical simulations that the carrier-suppressed-return-to-zero (CS-RZ) format has a wider dispersion tolerance relative to the conventional return-to-zero (RZ) format. Numerical simulations predict that the optimum fibre dispersion of the CS-RZ format should be zero and should stay near 0 ps/nm at a high fibre input power of 12 dBm in the L-band of a dispersion-shifted-fibre link. This robust dispersion characteristic against self-phase modulation was experimentally confirmed by a 40 Gbit/s 162 km transmission experiment.