gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auditory epithelial migration on the human tympanic membrane: II. The existence of two discrete migratory pathways and their embryologic correlates (1990)

The pathways of movement of dye-markings on the tympanic membranes of 30 ears of 15 volunteers were investigated by photography with a Hopkin's rod. Two discrete pathways were identified. Movement on the pars tensa was centrifugal in all directions from the edge of the handle of malleus surface. This supported our previous suggestion that pars tensa epithelial migration is based on growth of the meatal plate. Movement on the more central part of the handle surface itself, however, was always upwards to the pars flaccida epithelium and then, with all dye on the latter, in a posterosuperior direction only. The covering epithelium of the pars flaccida/handle of malleus arises from the fundus of the early embryonic external canal. To explore the possibility that its migration may also commence early, the fundus was examined histologically in 12 embryo ears. It was shaped like an inverted pear to conform to the primordial head of the malleus above and its handle below. There was distinct flattening of the whole fundal epithelium in contrast to the side wall of the external canal, lending support to the concept of a primordial flux of epithelium in the main fundus and its inferior extension. The meatal plate grew from the rim of the fundus producing the pars tensa and deep external canal epithelia. This process, however, was not associated with significant cytologic alterations or increased expression of the human proliferation antigen, Ki-67, at that rim. This suggests that the pars tensa epithelium grows and moves without the active involvement of the epithelium of the pars flaccida/handle of malleus.
Immunization with L. sigmodontis Microfilariae Reduces Peripheral Microfilaraemia after Challenge Infection by Inhibition of Filarial Embryogenesis (2012)

Our results present a tool to understand the immunological basis of vaccine induced protection in order to develop a microfilariae-based vaccine that reduces adult worm burden and prevents microfilaraemia, a powerful weapon to stop transmission of filariasis.
Atomic-Scale Investigation of Graphene Grown on Cu Foil and the Effects of Thermal Annealing (2011)

We have investigated the effects of thermal annealing on ex-situ chemically vapor deposited submonolayer graphene islands on polycrystalline Cu foil at the atomic-scale using ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy. Low-temperature annealed graphene islands on Cu foil (at ∼430 °C) exhibit predominantly striped Moiré patterns, indicating a relatively weak interaction between graphene and the underlying polycrystalline Cu foil. Rapid high-temperature annealing of the sample (at 700-800 °C) gives rise to the removal of Cu oxide and the recovery of crystallographic features of the copper that surrounds the intact graphene. These experimental observations of continuous crystalline features between the underlying copper (beneath the graphene islands) and the surrounding exposed copper areas revealed by high-temperature annealing demonstrates the impenetrable nature of graphene and its potential application as a protective layer against corrosion.
Synthesis and polymerization of bridgehead-substituted bicyclobutanes (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and polymerization of bridgehead-substituted bicyclobutanesHenry Kingston Hall Jr., Claibourne D. Smith, Elwood P. Blanchard Jr., S. C. Cherkofsky, and J. B. SiejaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1, 121–130Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00730a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00730a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1596Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NEW CROSS-ALDOL REACTION Via VINYLOXYBORANES (1976)

Abstract A new synthesis of cross-aldols from two different carbonyl compounds by using di-n-butylboryl trifluoromethanesulfonate and tertiary amine is described. In the case of methyl ketones, the reaction takes place in regiospecific manner to afford the corresponding aldols in good yields.
A self-powered mechanical strain energy sensor (2001)

With the growing use of sensors in various structural and mechanical systems, the powering and communication of these sensors will become a critical factor. Wireless communication electronics are becoming ubiquitous and with the decreasing electrical power requirements for these circuits it is now feasible to generate power from the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. This paper focuses on the theoretical and experimental analysis of a simple mechanical strain energy sensor with wireless communication. A simple beam bending experiment is given to illustrate some of the characteristics of the self-powered strain energy sensor.
A scan statistic for continuous data based on the normal probability model (2009)

Temporal, spatial and space-time scan statistics are commonly used to detect and evaluate the statistical significance of temporal and/or geographical disease clusters, without any prior assumptions on the location, time period or size of those clusters. Scan statistics are mostly used for count data, such as disease incidence or mortality. Sometimes there is an interest in looking for clusters with respect to a continuous variable, such as lead levels in children or low birth weight. For such continuous data, we present a scan statistic where the likelihood is calculated using the the normal probability model. It may also be used for other distributions, while still maintaining the correct alpha level. In an application of the new method, we look for geographical clusters of low birth weight in New York City.
Rapid parametric density estimation (2017)

Parametric density estimation, for example as Gaussian distribution, is the base of the field of statistics. Machine learning requires inexpensive estimation of much more complex densities, and the basic approach is relatively costly maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). There will be discussed inexpensive density estimation, for example literally fitting a polynomial (or Fourier series) to the sample, which coefficients are calculated by just averaging monomials (or sine/cosine) over the sample. Another discussed basic application is fitting distortion to some standard distribution like Gaussian - analogously to ICA, but additionally allowing to reconstruct the disturbed density. Finally, by using weighted average, it can be also applied for estimation of non-probabilistic densities, like modelling mass distribution, or for various clustering problems by using negative (or complex) weights: fitting a function which sign (or argument) determines clusters. The estimated parameters are approaching the optimal values with error dropping like $1/\sqrt{n}$, where $n$ is the sample size.
Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model in Developmental Toxicology (2012)

A number of practical advantages have made the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans a useful model for genetic and developmental biological research. These same advantages, along with conservation of disease and stress response pathways, availability of mutant and transgenic strains, and wealth of biological information, have led to the increased use of C. elegans in toxicological studies. Although the potential to study the mechanisms of developmental toxicology in C. elegans is promising, embryonic and larval growth tests to identify compounds that affect the nematode have remained the primary use of C. elegans in developmental toxicology. Here, we describe a C. elegans larval growth and development assay for medium- and high-throughput screening using the COPAS Biosort flow cytometer and provide descriptions of the data and subsequent analysis.
Studies on the Influence of Long Chain Acrylic Esters Co-Polymers Grafted With Vinyl Acetate as Flow Improver Additives of Crude Oils (2011)

A variety of techniques have been employed in order to reduce problems caused by the crystallization of paraffin during the production and/or transportation of waxy crude oil. Flow improvers are used extensively to increase the mobility of crude oil. In this study, the influence of the PEAA graft co-polymer (PEAA- g-VA), as flow improver, on the viscosity and pour point of some Egyptian waxy crude oils. The produced purified and characterized by FT-IR and 1HNMR and rheological measurements. The shear rate-shear stress and shear rate-apparent viscosity were measured at different concentration (from 500 to 3000 ppm) and temperatures below and equal the pour point temperature. The copolymer leads to a large reduction in the pour point of samples of Khalda Petroleum Co. (KhPC) crude oils. The polymeric additives were diluted with xylene and added by different doses ranged from 500 to 3000 ppm to crude oil to reduce its pour point. The pour point measurements show good reduction of pour point temperature depending on the composition and location of Khalda crude oil. Thus establishing the large efficiency of the products synthesized in this work.
Nonlinear optical properties of some newly developed crystals for measurement of ultrafast laser pulses (2006)

Second harmonic generation (SHG) in nonlinear optical crystal is well-established technique for the measurement of the pulse-width of ultrafast femtosecond laser pulses. However, only selected nonlinear crystalline materials are suited for this purpose due to the limitations in transparency cut-off, limited phase-matching wavelength range, and large difference between the group velocities of the fundamental and harmonic waves. It is found that some newly discovered crystals, such as CsLiB6O10 (CLBO), K2Al2B2O7 (KABO), Li2B4O7 (LB4), and KBe2BO3F (KBBF) have some advantageous characteristics for use in ultrafast nonlinear optical applications. Here we have presented several linear and nonlinear optical parameters including phase-matching angle, angular and spectral acceptance bandwidths, walk-off angle, nonlinear coupling coefficient, and group-velocity mismatch for generation of second harmonic of ultrafast laser radiations by employing type-I and type-II SHG techniques in these crystals.
The German Discovery of American Education (1965)

Thus wrote Otto Dorner, a German schoolteacher at Essen, after a visit to the United States in 1928.1 Dorner was one of the hundreds of German travelers who came to the United States after the First World War to observe, to study, and to interpret a country whose entry into the lists against the Fatherland had profoundly shaken German complacency. Among the visitors the intellectuals predominated and a significant number were schoolteachers, many of whom came at the cost of considerable personal sacrifice.
Anticancer Activity of BIM-46174, a New Inhibitor of the Heterotrimeric Gα/Gβγ Protein Complex (2006)

A large number of hormones and local agonists activating guanine-binding protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) play a major role in cancer progression. Here, we characterize the new imidazo-pyrazine derivative BIM-46174, which acts as a selective inhibitor of heterotrimeric G-protein complex. BIM-46174 prevents the heterotrimeric G-protein signaling linked to several GPCRs mediating (a) cyclic AMP generation (Galphas), (b) calcium release (Galphaq), and (c) cancer cell invasion by Wnt-2 frizzled receptors and high-affinity neurotensin receptors (Galphao/i and Galphaq). BIM-46174 inhibits the growth of a large panel of human cancer cell lines, including anticancer drug-resistant cells. Exposure of cancer cells to BIM-46174 leads to caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. National Cancer Institute COMPARE analysis for BIM-46174 supports its novel pharmacologic profile compared with 12,000 anticancer agents. The growth rate of human tumor xenografts in athymic mice is significantly reduced after administration of BIM-46174 combined with either cisplatin, farnesyltransferase inhibitor, or topoisomerase inhibitors. Our data validate the feasibility of targeting heterotrimeric G-protein functions downstream the GPCRs to improve anticancer chemotherapy.
The Experimental Study of a 100W Copper Vapor Laser (1998)

A 100 W copper vapor laser is reported. Its structure and discharge circuit are described. The laser consists of a discharge tube of 65 mm diameter and 2200 mm length. The laser gave 112 W maximum output average power at 5 kHz repetition rate using neon as the buffer gas with 11 kW electrical input power supply. The efficiency of the laser was about 1%.
Mechanisms of macrophage antimicrobial activity (1983)

Journal Article Mechanisms of macrophage antimicrobial activity Get access Carl F. Nathan Carl F. Nathan Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, N. Y. 10021, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 77, Issue 5, 1983, Pages 620–630, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(83)90190-6 Published: 01 January 1983
Evaluation of Kampo disease states using facial images (2018)

In the traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine, diagnosis is based on the observation of facial color and expression. Disease states that are diagnosable from facial characteristics include blood stagnation, blood deficiency, and yin deficiency. However, these diagnoses are subjective and require lots of experience. In this paper, we aimed to quantify facial diagnosis by creating a system to evaluate the severity of disease states using feature values obtained from facial images. A Kampo physician evaluated the facial images and rated them from 1 to 5 according to severity of disease states. We verified the accuracy of this system using the mean squared error calculated from the difference between the physician evaluation scores and the system estimates. The mean squared error was close to zero, indicating that the system has high accuracy. The selection of feature values using this system corresponded with those facial regions used by the Kampo physician in diagnosing the disease states.
Liquid Chromatography/ Mass-Spectrometric Characterization of Sphingomyelin and Dihydrosphingomyelin of Human Lens Membranes (1997)

The identity of the major phospholipid component of human lens membrane extracts, previously referred to as the 'unknown phospholipid', was recently proposed to be 4,5-dihydrosphingomyelin (DHS). Using high-performance liquid-chromatographic separation with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection, we report here the first identification of the molecular species of DHSs and sphingomyelins (SPMs) of the human eye lens. The most abundant molecular species were palmitic and tetracosenoic (24:1) DHSs, representing 57.8 and 23.3% of human lens DHSs, respectively. Lesser amounts of hexacosanoic, hexacosenoic, tetracosanoic, docosanoic, docosenoic, stearic, palmitoleic, myristic and other DHSs were found. The most abundant normal SPM molecular species in the human lens were similar to those of DHS. Palmitic SPM represented 53.9% of the uncorrected SPM peak areas, while tetracosenoic SPM represented 17.6% of the SPM in the human lens. The sphingolipids of the human lens were determined to be composed of 76.9% DHS species and 23.1% SPM species. Commercially available SPM was also found to contain significant amounts of DHS species.
The Flow of Slugs in Horizontal, Two-Phase Pipelines (1990)

The flow characteristics in horizontal slug flow are studied experimentally in the Harwell Laboratory 150-mm-dia pipeline. If a frame of reference is taken as moving with the translational velocity of the slug, measurements of the Froude number in the liquid film ahead of the slug were always greater than unity while the Froude number within the slug was in general less than unity. This illustrates a change in flow from super to subcritical flow and the presence of a hydraulic jump. Different types of flow are noticed using high-speed video equipment and these types closely resemble those reported by open-channel hydraulics tests. The distribution of gas in the slug body is only homogeneous at high-mixture velocities and the effect of buoyancy on the gas is more noticeable at low gas velocities. The liquid fraction in the slug is shown to be directly dependent on the Froude number in the liquid film. The ratio of the translational velocity of the slug to the mixture velocity decreases continuously from 2.0 at low-mixture velocities to 1.25 and a mixture velocity of approximately 3m/s. After this point, it remains constant at 1.25.
Synthesis of 4-Silapiperidine Building Blocks with N–H Groups Using the Staudinger Reaction (2013)

4-Silapiperidines are important skeletons for drug design. In this context, a novel acid-free method for the synthesis of 4-silapiperidine building blocks with N–H groups has been developed, using the Staudinger reaction as the key step. As a proof of principle, the model compounds 13 and 14 were synthesized, starting from Ph2SiCl2 and MeSi(OMe)3, respectively.
Water in micro- and nanofluidics systems described using the water potential (2005)

This Tutorial Review shows the behaviour of water in micro- and nanofluidic systems. The chemical potential of water ('water potential') conveniently describes the energy level of the water at different locations in and around the system, both in the liquid and gaseous state. Since water moves from high to low potential, the water potential enables us to predict and describe the direction of water movement inside systems and between systems and their surroundings. Practical examples of microfluidic devices illustrate the different contributions to the water potential (capillary, gravitational, entropic (osmotic) in liquid water; the partial vapour pressure in atmospheric water and van der Waals forces in water films) and the resulting water movement.
Parallel Multilevel Diffusion Algorithms for Repartitioning of Adaptive Meshes (1997)

Graph partitioning has been shown to be an effective way to divide a large computation over an arbitrary number\nof processors. A good partitioning can ensure load balance and minimize the communication overhead of the computation\nby partitioning an irregular mesh into p equal parts while minimizing the number of edges cut by the partition.\nFor a large class of irregular mesh applications, the structure of the graph changes from one phase of the computation\nto the next. Eventually, as the graph evolves, the adapted mesh has to be repartitioned to ensure good load balance.\nFailure to do so will lead to higher parallel run time. This repartitioning needs to maintain a low edge-cut in order to\nminimize communication overhead in the follow-on computation. It also needs to minimize the time for physically\nmigrating data from one processor to another since this time can dominate overall run time. Finally, it must be fast and\nscalable since it may be necessary to repartition frequently. Partitioning the adapted mesh again from scratch with an\nexisting graph partitioner can be done quickly and will result in a low edge-cut. However, it will lead to an excessive\nmigration of data among processors. In this paper, we present new parallel algorithms for robustly computing repartitionings\nof adaptively refined meshes. These algorithms perform diffusion of vertices in a multilevel framework and\nminimize data movement without compromising the edge-cut. Furthermore, our parallel repartitioners include parameterized\nheuristics to specifically optimize edge--cut, total data migration, or the maximum amount of data migrated\ninto and out of any one processor. Our results on a variety of synthetic meshes show that our parallel multilevel diffusion\nalgorithms are highly robust schemes for repartitioning adaptive meshes. The resulting edge-cuts are close to\nthose resulting from partitioning from scratch with a state-of-the-art graph partitioner, while data migration is substantially\nreduced. Furthermore, repartitioning can be done very fast. Our experiments show that meshes with around\neight million vertices can be repartitioned on a 256-processor Cray T3D in only a couple of seconds.
Probing the active site of homoserine <i>trans</i>‐succinylase (2004)

Homoserine trans-succinylase is the first enzyme in methionine biosynthesis of Escherichia coli and catalyzes the activation of homoserine via a succinylation reaction. The in vivo activity of this enzyme is subject to tight regulation by several mechanisms, including repression and activation of gene expression, feedback inhibition, temperature regulation and proteolysis. This complex regulation reflects the key role of this enzyme in bacterial metabolism. Here, we demonstrate--using proteomics and high-resolution mass spectrometry--that succinyl is covalently bound to one of the two adjacent lysine residues at positions 45 and 46. Replacing these lysine residues by alanine abolished the enzymatic activity. These findings position the lysine residues, one of which is conserved, at the active site.
Inhibition by nitric oxide‐donors of human polymorphonuclear leucocyte functions (1993)

1. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO)-releasing compounds increase guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) production in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) and concomitantly inhibit PMN functions, i.e. leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis, degranulation, chemotaxis and superoxide anion (O2-) release. The effects of two new NO-releasing compounds, GEA 3162 and GEA 5024 were compared to 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP). 2. GEA 3162 and GEA 5024 (1-100 microM) inhibited Ca ionophore A23187-induced LTB4 and beta-glucuronidase release, chemotactic peptide FMLP-induced chemotaxis and opsonized zymosan-triggered chemiluminescence dose-dependently in human PMNs. SIN-1 and SNAP were weaker inhibitors. 3. Cellular cyclic GMP production was increased after exposure to NO-donors concomitantly with the inhibition of PMN functions. No alterations in the levels of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) were detected. 4. The results suggest that NO, possibly through increased cyclic GMP, inhibits the activation of human PMNs and may thus act as a local modulator in inflammatory processes.