gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Thermal Analysis of Nickel-Base Superalloys (1996)

Differential thermal analysis was performed on over 200 nickel-base superalloys that included model, experimental, developmental, and commercial alloys. About one-half of these alloys were studied during melting and solidification, and about three-fourths were studied using solid specimens. Large samples were employed to permit the use of internal thermocouples and to minimize both the effects of segregation and the changes in chemical composition resulting from the loss of strong oxide-forming components. The features of thermograms for solid specimens were identified by two calibration techniques: (1) Inserting thin bar specimens of four cast alloys into a gradient furnace so that all parts of the test specimen were heated at the same rate as in a DTA test to the temperature range of interest; water quenching preserved the entire range of microstructures for metallographic evaluation. ( The effects of alloying elements on liquidus temperature, carbide-formation temperature, and the extent of carbide dispersion in the cast structure, y' solvus temperatures (for DTA heating/cooling rates and for practical heat treatments and soaking treatments), incipient-melting temperature, and the width of the temperature "window" for solution-heat-treating of single-crystal alloys are presented. Some examples of problem solving by DTA related to cracking during casting caused by verylow-melting liquid and to microporosity related to the y + y' eutectic constituent are presented.
The Transformation from Blue to Rose Cobaltous H ydroxide (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Transformation from Blue to Rose Cobaltous H ydroxideH. B. WeiserH. B. WeiserMore by H. B. Weiser and W. O. MilliganW. O. MilliganMore by W. O. MilliganCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1932, 36, 2, 722–734Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1932https://doi.org/10.1021/j150332a032Request reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
CD90 Expression Controls Migration and Predicts Dasatinib Response in Glioblastoma (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> CD90 (Thy-1) is a glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein considered as a surrogate marker for a variety of stem cells, including glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSC). However, the molecular and cellular functions of CD90 remain unclear.<b>Experimental Design:</b> The function of CD90 in GBM was addressed using cellular models from immortalized and primary GBM lines, <i>in vivo</i> orthotopic mouse models, and GBM specimens' transcriptome associated with MRI features from GBM patients. CD90 expression was silenced in U251 and GBM primary cells and complemented in CD90-negative U87 cells.<b>Results:</b> We showed that CD90 is not only expressed on GSCs but also on more differentiated GBM cancer cells. In GBM patients, CD90 expression was associated with an adhesion/migration gene signature and with invasive tumor features. Modulation of CD90 expression in GBM cells dramatically affected their adhesion and migration properties. Moreover, orthotopic xenografts revealed that CD90 expression induced invasive phenotypes <i>in vivo</i> Indeed, CD90 expression led to enhanced SRC and FAK signaling in our GBM cellular models and GBM patients' specimens. Pharmacologic inhibition of these signaling nodes blunted adhesion and migration in CD90-positive cells. Remarkably, dasatinib blunted CD90-dependent GBM cell invasion <i>in vivo</i> and killed CD90<sup>high</sup> primary GSC lines.<b>Conclusions:</b> Our data demonstrate that CD90 is an actor of GBM invasiveness through SRC-dependent mechanisms and could be used as a predictive factor for dasatinib response in CD90<sup>high</sup> GBM patients. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7360-74. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Experiences in designing a robust and scalable interpreter profiling framework (2013)

Profile directed feedback (PDF) is a well known technique used to drive many compiler optimizations like basic block ordering and guarded devirtualization. These optimizations are particularly crucial in order to achieve good throughput performance in JEE applications that have a large code footprint. To effectively apply optimizations that rely on profiling information, a just-in-time (JIT) compiler must have access to profiling information that is accurate. One common source of profiling information in a Java virtual machine (JVM) is the interpreter. Typically methods are interpreted as a program ramps up, during which profiling information can be collected. However, obtaining useful and accurate information for large enterprise-class applications can be a challenge because of the memory and performance overhead associated with collecting and processing the large volumes of profiling data that is generated. This paper describes the challenges in maintaining the balance between throughput performance and profiling overhead in a production JIT compiler that is used by the IBM JDK. The scope of the performance overhead in terms of throughput, memory footprint and startup speed for large JEE class applications is introduced and various engineering solutions that were tried are detailed and compared in terms of experimental results. We found that the throughput improvement due to interpreter profiling (IP) can be as high as 58%, whereas the overhead measured in terms of application startup time could cost up to 57%. Our solutions to reducing profiling overhead managed to reduce the startup cost to only a few percent while maintaining the full throughput benefit. By discussing these approaches, this paper offers a balanced and practical overview on how to make PDF work well for enterprise-class applications in a production JIT compiler.
Ants (Formicidae): Models for Social Complexity (2009)

The family Formicidae (ants) is composed of more than 12,000 described species that vary greatly in size, morphology, behavior, life history, ecology, and social organization. Ants occur in most terrestrial habitats and are the dominant animals in many of them. They have been used as models to address fundamental questions in ecology, evolution, behavior, and development. The literature on ants is extensive, and the natural history of many species is known in detail. Phylogenetic relationships for the family, as well as within many subfamilies, are known, enabling comparative studies. Their ease of sampling and ecological variation makes them attractive for studying populations and questions relating to communities. Their sociality and variation in social organization have contributed greatly to an understanding of complex systems, division of labor, and chemical communication. Ants occur in colonies composed of tens to millions of individuals that vary greatly in morphology, physiology, and behavior; this variation has been used to address proximate and ultimate mechanisms generating phenotypic plasticity. Relatedness asymmetries within colonies have been fundamental to the formulation and empirical testing of kin and group selection theories. Genomic resources have been developed for some species, and a whole-genome sequence for several species is likely to follow in the near future; comparative genomics in ants should provide new insights into the evolution of complexity and sociogenomics. Future studies using ants should help establish a more comprehensive understanding of social life, from molecules to colonies.
Reseiver processing circuit design and its performance evaluation of the ERMES system (1994)

The pan-european paging system European Radio MEssage System (ERMES), a new system of digital information communication, has 16 channels with 25KHz channel spacing. The ERMES modulation format is 4-PAM/FM. The ERMES operates in the frequency range 169.4125MHz169.8125MHz. In this paper, an ERMES receiving system according to the European Telecommunication Standard Institute(ETSI) specfication with a double error correction capability is designed. The ERMES receiver system is designed with the conventional circuit and its error performance for muitiple signal modulated by the 4-PAM/FM method are analyzed. Since amplitude imbalance among the signal components can impair the system performance when several receivers are operated on the same RF channel simultaneously, the optimal parameters are obtained in designing the radio system. Performance of the proposed receiver system is verified via computer simulation for processing procedure.
Copolymerization of 3,3‐bis(chloromethyl) oxacyclobutane and tetrahydrofuran (1962)

Abstract The copolymerization of 3,3‐bis(chloromethyl)oxacyclobutane (BCMO) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was performed by using various F RIEDEL ‐C RAFTS catalysts. The molecular complex compounds of BF 3 , SnCl 4 and AlBr 3 were found to give amorphous polymers of considerably high molecular weight. Other F RIEDEL ‐C RAFTS catalysts such as FeCl 3 , AlCl 3 , TiCl 4 , SbCl 5 , SbF 3 and PCl 5 gave no polymeric products. Most polymers were soluble in chloroform and insoluble in methanol. This solubility characteristic was taken to indicate that the polymeric products were real copolymers and not mixtures of two homopolymers of BCMO and of THF. The monomer reactivity ratios of BCMO and THF were determined in the BF 3 ·(C 2 H 5 ) 2 O catalyzed copolymerization at 0°C., which were r 1 (BCMO) = 0.82 ± 0.05 and r 2 (THF) = 1.00 ± 0.05. The infrared spectrum of the copolymer was shown to be composed of the two homopolymers except for the adsorption at 1000 cm −1 which is absent in the copolymer. The band at 1000 cm −1 is a crystalline band of homopoly‐THF, and this finding also supports the random copolymerization.
Evasion Techniques: Sneaking through Your Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (2011)

Detecting attacks disguised by evasion techniques is a challenge for signature-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPSs). This study examines five common evasion techniques to determine their ability to evade recent systems. The denial-of-service (DoS) attack attempts to disable a system by exhausting its resources. Packet splitting tries to chop data into small packets, so that a system may not completely reassemble the packets for signature matching. Duplicate insertion can mislead a system if the system and the target host discard different TCP/IP packets with a duplicate offset or sequence. Payload mutation fools a system with a mutative payload. Shellcode mutation transforms an attacker's shellcode to escape signature detection. This study assesses the effectiveness of these techniques on three recent signature-based systems, and among them, explains why Snort can be evaded. The results indicate that duplicate insertion becomes less effective on recent systems, but packet splitting, payload mutation and shellcode mutation can be still effective against them.
Monitoring Around a Vehicle by a Spherical Image Sensor (2006)

This article describes a prototype for a spherical image sensor that can capture three dimensions of information from the environment for applications in driving assistance and autonomous navigation. In addition, it describes a means of calibration for the sensor as well as display modalities for the captured information. The sensor essentially incorporates two hemispheres, both of which are comprised of a fisheye lens that together give the complete field of view (FOV). The proposed sensor is calibrated using three dimensional patterns that occupy the whole of the lens' viewing range. Captured images to be displayed to drivers on a monitor are sorted by relevance with only portions of the potentially viewable field being presented.
PP.39.18 (2015)

Objective: Hypertension (HT) is an ubiquitous condition with an estimated global prevalence of 30%. Essential HT accounts for the majority of cases but a secondary cause can be identified in 5–20% of patients. The ethiology of secondary HT is diverse and includes rare conditions such as juxtaglomerular tumours (JGT). JGT are exceedingly rare: to date there are only 100 cases described worldwide. Most frequently, women between 20 and 30 years of age are affected and the final diagnosis which is based on pathology findings requires a high clinical awareness. Design and method: We describe the case of a 22 year old Caucasian woman, referred to a Hypertension Outpatient clinic at a tertiary reference centre with the provisional diagnosis of secondary HT. When first assessed, she was being treated with a calcium channel blocker, direct renin inhibitor and diuretic (spironolactone) with inadequate blood pressure (BP) control. Target organ damage at presentation included concentric left ventricular hyperthrofy and proteinuria. Further investigation revealed normal catecholamine levels, hypokalaemia and slightly elevated renin levels (234 pg/mL) which were attributed to treatment with a renin antagonist. Results: A renal angio-computed tomography (CT) showed normal renal arteries and a small nodule on the right kidney but was otherwise unremarkable. Despite escalation of treatment with full dose quadruple regimen, BP remained persistently high. Renine levels were repeated and found to be exceedingly raised (3400 pg/mL). Angio-CT was also repeated showing the same nodule previously described which remained unchanged. Conclusions: The hypothesis of JGT was considered and the patient underwent successful laparoscopic tumorectomy with apparently free surgical margins. Anatomopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. During the post-operative period, a rapid decline in BP was observed. At 4-month follow-up, renin levels have steadily declined (40pg/mL) and the patient remains normotensive without any treatment.
A spectroscopic event of <i>η</i> Car viewed from differentdirections: The data and first results (2005)

We present spectroscopic observations with high spectral resolution of η Car as seen by the SE lobe of the Homunculus nebula over the 2003.5 “spectroscopic event”. The observed spectra represent the stellar spectrum emitted near the pole of the star and are much less contaminated with nebular emission lines than direct observations of the central object. The “event” is qualitatively similar near the pole to what is observed in direct spectra of the star (more equator-on at 45°), but shows interesting differences. The observations show that the equivalent width changes of Hα emission and other lines are less pronounced at the pole than in the line of sight. Also the absorption components appear less variable. A pronounced high-velocity absorption is present near the event in the He i lines indicating a mass-ejection event. This feature is also seen, but less pronounced, in the hydrogen lines. He iiλ4686 emission is observed for a brief period of time near the event and appears, if corrected for light travel time, to precede similar emission in the direct view. Our observations indicate that the event is probably not only a change in ionization and excitation structure or a simple eclipse-like event.
A educação geográfica em Portugal e os desafios educativos (2015)

A institucionalização da disciplina de Geografia no sistema de ensino liberal do século XIX deve-se ao seu contributo para a identificação cidadã através do território, no estado-nação emergente, que não ao reconhecimento público da sua relevância científica. Depois de um primeiro ciclo ainda marcado pela influência iluminista, sucede-se um outro, nacionalista, numa disciplina de Geografia comprometida com as aspirações políticas e sociais dominantes e que, pela sua relevância para a divulgação das colónias, se autonomiza do ensino de História. A partir do final de XIX, a Geografia vai sendo valorizada curricularmente conforme a relevância ideológica que vai assumindo para o poder político. No final de novecentos, sucedem-se reformas curriculares ditadas pelas autoridades educativas e com orientações pedagógico-didáticas por vezes contraditórias. A capacidade de a educação geográfica enfrentar os desafios político-educativos, como recentemente sucedeu na formação inicial de professores, e de responder aos desafios sociais emergentes, numa atuação concertada entre os seus atores, são relevantes para a afirmação da disciplina no sistema educativo.
Sensorless speed measurement of induction motors (2004)

The paper deals with the accurate slip measurement of induction motors. The proposed procedure uses a noninvasive slip measurement scheme based on digital filtering and dynamic parameter estimation. The slip measurement is carried out without speed sensor and is deduced analyzing the magnetic field harmonics spectrum in proximity of the induction motor. First the EMF induced waveform, taken from a searching coil, is filtered using algorithms based on the discrete Fourier transform. Then the stator frequency and rotor frequency are obtained by comparing the filtered voltage with a mathematical model using an optimization procedure. The model's parameters are varied until an adequate match is obtained with the filtered voltage. Experimental results are presented to validate this method.
A novel performance monitoring strategy for economical thermal power plant operation (1999)

A need-based integrated performance monitoring strategy is proposed to economize the operation of a thermal power plant, exploiting the immensely powerful resources of newly retrofitted modern distributed control systems (DCS). After reviewing the performance monitoring practice of a typical 200 MW oil/gas fired thermal power plant at Ballylumford, N. Ireland, the paper analyses its shortcomings and then suggests remedial measures through the proposed strategy. A simulation of this plant has been used for investigation purposes. The twin key aspects of performance monitoring, i.e. monitoring of performance indices and controllable parameters, are addressed in more effective and novel ways. The achievable best efficiency values of plant components, needed for comparative performance evaluation, are shown to be more reliably and accurately obtainable through neural network performance models. A method based on histogram plots is shown to be highly effective in monitoring the performance of plant controllers in reducing the variability of plant variables and then modifying the set-points to improve the thermal performance of the plant.
Functional bioinformatics the cellular response database (1997)

Biological Scientists function in an increasingly data rich environment. The emerging field of bioinformatics is attempting to insure that this flow of information can be structured to support the generation of significant biological hypothesis and ultimately new knowledge. To date, most of the current databases have focused on protein and nucleic acid sequence information as the principle type of data stored for further interpretation. In this paper, we describe the Cellular Response Database. This database stores functional information regarding the changes of cellular gene expression associated with various stimuli, and supports queries linking cell types, expressed genes, and inducers. The database is designed to support information-intensive queries to aid in the determination of biological function, and is flexible enough to allow the storage of a broad range of experimental data such as cytotoxicity data, immunoassays of target gene protein expression, and others.
<title>Impedance spectroscopy and biochip sensor for detection of Listeria monocytogenes</title> (2001)

Listeria monocytogenes is a deadly foodbome human pathogen. Its ubiquitous nature and its ability to grow at refrigeration temperatures makes this organism a difficult one to control. High-volume processing of food products and poor sanitary conditions of the processing plants often allow this organism to be present in processed, ready-to-eat (RTE) foods. Improved processing along with real-time detection could reduce the incidence of this pathogen. Conventional methods can detect this pathogen accurately, but take several days (2-7d) to complete, which is not practical considering the short shelf-life and cost of storage of RTE foods. Biosensor based approaches were adopted for sensitive detection of Listeria. Antibody-coupled fiber optic and microelectrical-mechanical system (MEMS) biochips were designed and examined for direct detection of L. monocytogenes from liquid samples. Also, interdigitated microsensor electrode (IME) chip and spectrofluorometer were used to measure L. monocytogenes interaction with mammalian cells (cytopathogenic activities) for indirect detection. Preliminary data generated using laboratory cultures of Listeria species indicated that L. monocytogenes could be detected in 30 mm to 1 h 30 mm depending on the techniques used.
Numerical Investigations on Requirements for BARC Materials for Hyper NA Immersion Lithography (2005)

Requirement on substrate reflectance was estimated numerically based on an optical simulation for hyper-NA (numerical aperture) lithography with the water immersion technique. Conditions to minimize the substrate reflectance were further calculated for dual BARC (bottom antireflective coating) layers with NA varying from 1.0 to 1.4. In addition, margins of the conditions were estimated based on the requirements on substrate reflectance. Based on these numerical results, requirements for materials to be used for dual BARC layers are discussed.
Predicting success in machine translation (2008)

The performance of machine translation systems varies greatly depending on the source and target languages involved. Determining the contribution of different characteristics of language pairs on system performance is key to knowing what aspects of machine translation to improve and which are irrelevant. This paper investigates the effect of different explanatory variables on the performance of a phrase-based system for 110 European language pairs. We show that three factors are strong predictors of performance in isolation: the amount of reordering, the morphological complexity of the target language and the historical relatedness of the two languages. Together, these factors contribute 75% to the variability of the performance of the system.
Kinetics of the hydrolysis and perhydrolysis of tetraacetylethylenediamine, a peroxide bleach activator (1991)

Hydrogen peroxide and water react with tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) to form consecutively triacetylethylenediamine and diacetylethylenediamine with the release of two molecules of peracetic acid or acetic acid. The effect of pH, specific buffers and temperature on the rates of hydrolysis and perhydrolysis are compared. Peracetic acid reacts with TAED very slowly. The ratio of the second-order rate constants for the reaction of TAED with hydroperoxide and peracetate anions is exceptionally large after taking into account the difference in pKa values of their conjugate acids. The relative reactivity of various nucleophiles with TAED is discussed in terms of its performance as a bleach activator.