gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction Attenuates Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Proteinuria in Glomerulonephritis (1999)

In glomerulonephritis, there is intraglomerular activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) leading to high output production of nitric oxide (NO). This can result in supraphysiologic amounts of NO and cause oxidative injury. It is unknown whether mechanisms of cellular defense against NO-mediated injury exist. Induction of the heme catabolizing enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which generates biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and iron (Fe), may provide such a mechanism, as CO and Fe are two negative modulators of iNOS activity and expression. This study assessed whether upregulation of HO-1 by a specific inducer, hemin, negatively modulates iNOS expression and activity in anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis. Glomerular HO-1 expression in nephritic animals was upregulated by treatment with hemin (30 micromol/kg body wt). iNOS and HO-1 mRNA expression were assessed by reverse transcription-PCR of glomerular total RNA from nephritic animals or nephritic animals pretreated with hemin. iNOS activity in glomeruli was measured by assessing conversion of [14C] L-arginine to [14C] L-citrulline. HO-1 protein levels in glomeruli were assessed by Western blot analysis. The effect of hemin treatment on monocyte/macrophage infiltration was assessed by enumeration of ED-1-positive cells in nephritic glomeruli. iNOS and HO-1 were coinduced in nephritic glomeruli. Hemin treatment of nephritic animals resulted in upregulation of glomerular HO-1 levels and a two- to threefold reduction in glomerular iNOS mRNA levels. iNOS activity in glomeruli was significantly reduced in hemin-treated nephritic animals in which proteinuria was also attenuated without a change in monocyte/macrophage infiltration. Hemin (100 to 200 microM) also reduced iNOS protein levels and enzyme activity in cultured mesangial cells stimulated with cytokines. These studies demonstrate that in glomerular immune injury, hemin treatment upregulates glomerular HO-1 with an attendant downregulation of iNOS expression, and thus points to regulatory interaction between the two systems. The beneficial effect of hemin treatment on proteinuria could be linked to downregulation of iNOS.
TwitterMonitor (2010)

We present TwitterMonitor, a system that performs trend detection over the Twitter stream. The system identifies emerging topics (i.e. 'trends') on Twitter in real time and provides meaningful analytics that synthesize an accurate description of each topic. Users interact with the system by ordering the identified trends using different criteria and submitting their own description for each trend.
Inheritance of pathogenicity and cultural characters in Ceratocystis ulmi: hybridization of aggressive and non‐aggressive strains (1976)

SUMMARY When British isolates of Ceratocystis ulmi were surveyed for compatibility type, both A‐ and B‐types were found in the non‐aggressive strain, but only the B‐type in the aggressive strain. Single ascospore progeny from crosses between compatible aggressive and non‐aggressive isolates showed a near‐normal growth rate distribution, with a mean lying between the parents. Many grew either faster than the aggressive or slower than the non‐aggressive parent. The progeny were highly variable in culture morphology and could not be classified in terms of the parental types. When inoculated into English elm they showed a marked skewness towards low pathogenicity. None approached the aggressive strain in pathogenicity. It is concluded that the above characters are under polygenic control, and that the aggressive strain could not arise from the non‐aggressive by a simple mutation. The results suggest that the two strains may be reproductively isolated.
Intracellular Concentrations of Coenzyme A and Its Derivatives from <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> ATCC 824 and Their Roles in Enzyme Regulation (1994)

Intracellular levels of coenzyme A (CoA) and its derivatives involved in the metabolic pathways for Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 were analyzed by using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). During the shift from the acidogenic to the solventogenic or stationary growth phase, the concentration of butyryl-CoA increased rapidly and the concentrations of free CoA and acetyl-CoA decreased. These changes were accompanied by a rapid increase of the solvent pathway enzyme activity and a decrease of the acid pathway enzyme activity. Assays with several non-solvent-producing mutant strains were also carried out. Upon entry of the mutant strains to the stationary phase, the butyryl-CoA concentrations for these mutant strains were comparable to those for the wild type even though the mutants were deficient in solvent-producing enzymes. Levels of acetoacetyl-CoA, beta-hydroxy-butyryl-CoA, and crotonyl-CoA compounds in both wild-type and mutant extracts were below HPLC detection thresholds (<21 muM).
Synthetically controlling dendrimer flexibility improves delivery of large plasmid DNA (2017)

Tools for editing the genome and epigenome have revolutionised the field of molecular biology and represent a new frontier in targeted therapeutic intervention. Although efficiencies and specificities of genome editing technologies have improved with the development of TALEs and CRISPR platforms, intracellular delivery of these larger constructs still remains a challenge using existing delivery agents. Viral vectors, including lentiviruses and adeno-associated viruses, as well as some non-viral strategies, such as cationic polymers and liposomes, are limited by packaging capacity, poor delivery, toxicity, and immunogenicity. We report a highly controlled synthetic strategy to engineer a flexible dendritic polymer using click chemistry to overcome the aforementioned delivery challenges associated with genome engineering technologies. Using a systematic approach, we demonstrate that high transfection efficiencies and packaging capacity can be achieved using this non-viral delivery methodology to deliver zinc fingers, TALEs and CRISPR/dCas9 platforms.
Autobioluminescent Cellular Models for Enhanced Drug Discovery (2016)

Autobioluminescent cellular models are emerging tools for drug discovery that rely on the expression of a synthetic, eukaryotic‐optimized luciferase that does not require an exogenous chemical substrate to produce its resultant output signal. These models can therefore self‐modulate their output signals in response to metabolic activity dynamics and avoid the sample destruction and intermittent data acquisition limitations of traditional fluorescent or chemically stimulated bioluminescent approaches. While promising for reducing drug discovery costs and increasing data acquisition relative to alternative approaches, these models have remained relatively untested for drug discovery applications due to their recent emergence within the field. This chapter presents a history and background of these autobioluminescent cellular models to offer investigators a generalized point of reference for understanding their capabilities and limitations and provides side‐by‐side comparisons between autobioluminescent and traditional, substrate‐requiring toxicology screening platforms for pharmaceutically relevant three‐dimensional and high‐throughput screening applications to introduce investigators to autobioluminescence as a potential new drug discovery toolset.
Three stage 6&#x2013;18 GHz high gain and high power amplifier based on GaN technology (2010)

A monolithic three stage HPA has been developed for wide band applications. This MMIC is fabricated on UMS 0.25 µm GaN technology based on SiC substrate. At 18GHz, the MMIC achieved in CW mode 10W of output power with 20dB linear gain and 20% power added efficiency. The HPA provided 6 to 10W output power over 6 to 18GHz with minimum small signal gain of 18dB. These obtained performances are very promising and very close to the simulations, this will allow a very short term further improvement. This demonstration is the first MMIC on the UMS 0.25µm GaN technology.
Attachment and tension in the spindle assembly checkpoint (2002)

Faithful transmission of chromosomes during mitosis is ensured by the spindle assembly checkpoint. This molecular safeguard examines whether prerequisites for chromosome segregation have been satisfied and thereby determines whether to execute or to delay chromosome segregation. Only when all the chromosomes are attached by kinetochore microtubules from two opposite spindle poles and proper tension is placed on the paired kinetochores does anaphase take place, allowing the physical splitting of sister chromatids. Recent studies have provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms through which the spindle assembly checkpoint is regulated by both the attachment of chromosomes to kinetochore microtubules and the tension exerted on kinetochores.
Temperature effects on surface plasmon resonance: design considerations for an optical temperature sensor (2003)

We present a detailed discussion of the three-interface surface plasmon resonance (SPR) geometry with the "angular interrogation" approach, and study the effect of thermal changes on the SPR curve through numerical simulations. An optical temperature sensor based on SPR, which has been shown to be a promising method to be used in the development of chemical, physical, and biomedical sensors, is proposed. The temperature sensor employs a three-interface SPR geometry where the layer making the interface with the environment has a refractive index highly sensitive to the changes in the temperature of the environment. The resolution of the temperature measurement is dependent on the angular resolution of the detection system and the temperature sensitivity of the sensing layer. The comparison of thermal sensitivities of three and two-interface SPR geometries is also presented.
Nature of halftone gray-scale images in digital electrography (1990)

The electrographic marking characteristics of 16-level halftone gray scale images are investigated by calculating the electrostatic latent image density ( i.e. developability ) as a function of the receptor thickness and the pixel size. Both the developability of a solidgray area and the contrast developability between two different gray bar-patterns are considered. The numerical results obtained provide a guideline to determine the ideal receptor thickness for optimum image quality. The image qualities expected from different types ofhalftone patterns are compared.
CLE Peptides in Vascular Development (2013)

The plant vascular system consists of two conductive tissues, phloem and xylem. The vascular meristem, namely the (pro-)cambium, is a stem-cell tissue that gives rise to both xylem and phloem. Recent studies have revealed that CLAVATA3/Embryo Surrounding Region-related (CLE) peptides function in establishing the vascular system through interaction with phytohormones. In particular, TDIF/CLE41/CLE44, phloem-derived CLE peptides, promote the proliferation of vascular cambium cells and prevent them from differentiating into xylem by regulating WOX4 expression through the TDR/PXY receptor. In this review article, we outline recent advances on how CLE peptides function in vascular development in concert with phytohormones through mediating cell-cell communication. The perspective of CLE peptide signaling in vascular development is also discussed.
Group vs individual decision-making: Is there a shift? (2009)

We revisit the phenomenon that group decisions differ systematically from decisions of individuals. Our experiment solicits individual and group decisions from the same subjects in two settings, gift-exchange games and lottery choices. With no deliberation and voting, the group decision is determined by the median individual decision, without a shift. With deliberation but no imposed decision rule, the individual one po- sition towards the selfish direction also becomes influential. In lottery choices we find no group shift relative to the median. We demonstrate that the standard practice of comparing means of group and individual decisions would incorrectly identify a level shift.
Online character recognition based on elastic matching and quadratic discrimination (2005)

We try to link elastic matching with a statistical discrimination framework to overcome the overfitting problem which often degrades the performance of elastic matching-based online character recognizers. In the proposed technique, elastic matching is used just as an extractor of a feature vector representing the difference between input and reference patterns. Then quadratic discrimination is performed under the assumption that the feature vector is governed by a Gaussian distribution. The result of a recognition experiment on UNIPEN database (Train-R01/V07, 1a) showed that the proposed technique can attain a high recognition rate (97.95%) and outperforms a recent elastic matching-based recognizer.
A pharmacokinetic study of a novel sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposomal topotecan and nonliposomal topotecan in rats (2007)

C113 Introduction: Optisomal topotecan (topotecan liposomes injection, TLI) is a novel sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposomal (OPTISOMETM) encapsulation of topotecan HCl (TPT). TPT, a semi-synthetic derivative of camptothecin (CPT), is approved for the treatment of refractory ovarian, small cell lung (SCLC), and cervical cancers. The cytotoxicity of TPT and other CPT analogues is related to duration of systemic exposure to free drug. OPTISOMES have been designed to prolong drug circulation time in blood, increase drug delivery to the tumor, and improve the therapeutic index of the encapsulated drug. In addition, optisomal encapsulation is designed to maintain TPT in the active lactone form. The pharmacokinetic (PK) disposition of OPTISOME encapsulated drug is dictated by the liposome, which alters the plasma PK profile and tissue distribution of the drug. Once the drug is released from the liposome the PK disposition will be the same as after administration of the non-liposomal formulation of the drug. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the plasma PK disposition of TLI compared with non-liposomal TPT (NL-TPT) in the plasma of rats.  Methods: TLI and NL-TPT were administered at 0.93 mg/kg IV x 1 over 1 min via a bilateral jugular vein cannula (JVC) in male Sprague-Dawley Rats. Drug administration and blood sampling was performed in separate cannulas. Blood (0.5 mL) samples were obtained in 6 cohorts (n = 3 rats per cohort). Cohorts consisted of: 1) pre, 1 and 3 min post dose; 2) 5, 10, and 20 min post dose; 3) 0.5, 1, and 2 h post dose; 4) 4, 8, and 12 h post dose; 5) 24, 36, and 48 h post dose; 6) 60 and 72 h post dose. Plasma samples were processed via methanolic extraction to measure the total (lactone + hydroxy acid) form of sum total (encapsulated + released) TPT via LC/MS. The area under the concentration versus time curves from 0 to infinity (AUC), clearance (CL), maximum conc (Cmax), time of Cmax (Tmax), and time of last detectable conc (Tlast) were estimated.  Results: The AUC after administration of TLI and NL-TPT were 37.2 and 0.33 mcg•h /mL, respectively. The CL after administration of TLI and NL-TPT were 0.42 and 47.0 mL/min/kg, respectively. The Cmax after administration of TLI and NL-TPT were 15.6 and 0.60 mcg/mL, respectively. The Tmax after administration of TLI and NL-TPT was 0.02 h for both. The Tlast after administration of TLI and NL-TPT were 24 h and 2 h, respectively.Conclusions: The higher and prolonged exposure of TPT in plasma after administration of TLI compared with NL-TPT is consistent with OPTISOME formulations and provides PK advantages over non-liposomal formulations of CPT analogues including TPT. Clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TLI are being planned.
A new method for non‐invasive, manoeuvre‐free determination of “static” pressure–volume curves during dynamic/therapeutic mechanical ventilation (2000)

The dynostatic method gives a breath-by-breath reflection of the interaction between ventilatory settings and lung mechanics in patients during ordinary ventilator treatment. It is only marginally affected by the moderate differences in inspiratory versus expiratory resistances present in patients with ALI.
Developmental changes in neurite outgrowth responses of dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia to GDNF, neurturin, and artemin (2003)

The ability of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin, and artemin to induce neurite outgrowth from dorsal root, superior cervical, and lumbar sympathetic ganglia from mice at a variety of development stages between embryonic day (E) 11.5 and postnatal day (P) 7 was examined by explanting ganglia onto collagen gels and growing them in the presence of agarose beads impregnated with the different GDNF family ligands. Artemin, GDNF, and neurturin were all capable of influencing neurite outgrowth from dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia, but the responses of each neuron type to the different ligands varied during development. Neurites from dorsal root ganglia responded to artemin at P0 and P7, to GDNF at E15.5 and P0, and to neurturin at E15.5, P0, and P6/7; thus, artemin, GDNF, and neurturin are all capable of influencing neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neurites from superior cervical sympathetic ganglia responded significantly to artemin at E15.5, to GDNF at E15.5 and P0, and to neurturin at E15.5. Neurites from lumbar sympathetic ganglia responded to artemin at all stages from E11.5 to P7, to GDNF at P0 and P7 and to neurturin at E11.5 to P6/7. Combined with the data from previous studies that have examined the expression of GDNF family members, our data suggest that artemin plays a role in inducing neurite outgrowth from young sympathetic neurons in the early stages of sympathetic axon pathfinding, whereas GDNF and neurturin are likely to be important at later stages of sympathetic neuron development in inducing axons to enter particular target tissues once they are in the vicinity or to induce branching within target tissues. Superior cervical and lumbar sympathetic ganglia showed temporal differences in their responsiveness to artemin, GDNF, and neurturin, which probably partly reflects the rostrocaudal development of sympathetic ganglia and the tissues they innervate.
Software tool development for marker making operations in textile industry (2004)

This paper discusses the design and development of a software tool for marker making operations in textile manufacturing using a top-down design paradigm. The software requirements have been analyzed and specified in order to address practical requirements by the users. The software is implemented in a CAD software environment. Its aim is to find an appropriate stencil layout on fabric surface such that the stencils do not overlap one another while trim loss is minimized. The software can be used to find the stencil layout on plain fabric, fabric with horizontal or vertical stripes and fabric with checkered patterns. A heuristic search strategy is developed to find such a layout. In order to evaluate the program's performance, case studies with actual fabric and stencils from a garment factory are used. The layouts generated by the program are then compared with those produced by a human expert. The results indicate that the developed program cannot outperform the human expert in the case of marker making on plain fabric. However, in the case of marker making on the fabric with stripes or checkered patterns the program can provide better results in terms of the required length of fabric and the trim loss percentage. Suggestions for further improvement on the functionality and efficiency of the program are also given.
Systemic inflammation in a melanoma patient treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors—an autopsy study (2016)

Autopsy studies are an important measure of quality control and may identify clinically unapparent irAEs in patients treated with immunotherapy. Pathologists and clinicians need to be aware of the broad spectrum of irAEs for timely management of treatment-related morbidity.
Magnetocaloric Effect at the Field-Induced First Order Transition in Rare Earth Metals and Alloys (2004)

On the basis of a thermodynamic approach the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) arising at the first order transition in the heavy rare earth metals Tb, Dy, Er and Tb0.5Dy0.5 alloy is considered. The main contributions to the MCE (exchange, magnetoelastic, anisotropic and that due to magnetic energy) were calculated in the temperature interval corresponding to the first order transition. It was shown that the model adequately describes the MCE and gives results which are in accord with direct experimental measurements.
T-Archive: A Novel HSM-Based Data Archive System (2007)

The CODATA Data Science Journal is a peer-reviewed, open access, electronic journal, publishing papers on the management, dissemination, use and reuse of research data and databases across all research domains, including science, technology, the humanities and the arts. The scope of the journal includes descriptions of data systems, their implementations and their publication, applications, infrastructures, software, legal, reproducibility and transparency issues, the availability and usability of complex datasets, and with a particular focus on the principles, policies and practices for open data.All data is in scope, whether born digital or converted from other sources.
Performance Analysis of HAPS-Based Relaying for Hybrid FSO/RF Downlink Satellite Communication (2020)

Free space optics (FSO) communication has garnered significant importance to provide gigabit capacity links owing to its unique features. However, its performance is limited by the adverse effects of transmission medium such as atmospheric turbulence induced fading, wind, etc. Therefore, it is wise to backup with reliable radio frequency (RF) links to improve the performance of FSO communication. The fusion of FSO and RF technologies is a suitable candidate for future satellite communication (SATCOM) systems. In this context, the present paper proposes a novel system model for High-Altitude Pseudo-Satellite (HAPS)-based relaying for downlink scenario utilizing both FSO and RF links. The performance of the proposed hybrid FSO/RF SATCOM system is investigated through average and asymptotic symbol error probability (SEP) analyses. Further, the obtained closed-form expressions for average SEP are validated using Monte-Carlo simulation results.