gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shape‐memory polymer networks with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles for remote activation (2009)

Abstract Shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) have recently shown the capacity to actuate by remote heating via the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles into the polymer matrix and exposure to an alternating magnetic field. In this study, methacrylate‐based thermoset SMP networks were synthesized through free‐radical polymerization with varying amounts of Fe 3 O 4 magnetite (0, 1, and 2.5 wt %). Furthermore, the chemistry of the networks was controlled to maintain a constant glass transition temperature ( T g ) while varying the degree of chemical crosslinking. Remote heating of the networks was shown to be a direct function of the nanoparticle concentration and independent of the chemistry. Magnetite reinforcement was shown to influence the thermomechanical properties of the networks; increasing Fe 3 O 4 concentrations led to decreases in T g and rubbery modulus. However, networks with a higher degree of crosslinking were more resistant to thermomechanical changes with respect to magnetite concentration. Strain to failure was shown to decrease with the addition of nanoparticles and the free‐strain shape‐memory cycle was investigated for all of the networks. Networks with lower degrees of crosslinking and high magnetite concentrations showed a significant amount of irrecoverable strain. Last, the use of remotely heated shape‐memory materials is discussed in light of potential biomedical applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Power delivery and locomotion of untethered microactuators (2003)

The ability for a device to locomote freely on a surface requires the ability to deliver power in a way that does not restrain the device's motion. This paper presents a MEMS actuator that operates free of any physically restraining tethers. We show how a capacitive coupling can be used to deliver power to untethered MEMS devices, independently of the position and orientation of those devices. Then, we provide a simple mechanical release process for detaching these MEMS devices from the fabrication substrate once chemical processing is complete. To produce these untethered microactuators in a batch-compatible manner while leveraging existing MEMS infrastructure, we have devised a novel postprocessing sequence for a standard MEMS multiproject wafer process. Through the use of this sequence, we show how to add, post hoc , a layer of dielectric between two previously deposited polysilicon films. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of these techniques through the successful fabrication and operation of untethered scratch drive actuators. Locomotion of these actuators is controlled by frequency modulation, and the devices achieve maximum speeds of over 1.5 mm/s.
A Synthetic Nickel Electrocatalyst with a Turnover Frequency Above 100,000 s <sup>−1</sup> for H <sub>2</sub> Production (2011)

Reduction of acids to molecular hydrogen as a means of storing energy is catalyzed by platinum, but its low abundance and high cost are problematic. Precisely controlled delivery of protons is critical in hydrogenase enzymes in nature that catalyze hydrogen (H(2)) production using earth-abundant metals (iron and nickel). Here, we report that a synthetic nickel complex, [Ni(P(Ph)(2)N(Ph))(2)](BF(4))(2), (P(Ph)(2)N(Ph) = 1,3,6-triphenyl-1-aza-3,6-diphosphacycloheptane), catalyzes the production of H(2) using protonated dimethylformamide as the proton source, with turnover frequencies of 33,000 per second (s(-1)) in dry acetonitrile and 106,000 s(-1) in the presence of 1.2 M of water, at a potential of -1.13 volt (versus the ferrocenium/ferrocene couple). The mechanistic implications of these remarkably fast catalysts point to a key role of pendant amines that function as proton relays.
User modeling in spoken dialogue systems for flexible guidance generation (2003)

We address appropriate user modeling in order to generate cooperative responses to each user in spoken dialogue systems. Unlike previous studies that focus on users’ knowledge or typical kinds of users, the proposed user model is more comprehensive. Specifically, we set up three dimensions of user models: skill level to the system, knowledge level on the target domain and degree of hastiness. Moreover, the models are automatically derived by decision tree learning using real dialogue data. We obtained reasonable classification accuracy for all dimensions. Dialogue strategies based on the user modeling are implemented in Kyoto city bus information system that has been developed at our laboratory. Experimental evaluation shows that the cooperative responses adaptive to individual users serve as good guidance for novice users without increasing the dialogue duration for skilled users.
Model-Based Interpretation of 3D Medical Images (1993)

The automatic segmentation and labelling of anatomical structures in 3D medical images is a challenging task of practical importance. We describe a model-based approach which allows robust and accurate interpretation using explicit anatomical knowledge. Our method is based on the extension to 3D of Point Distribution Models (PDMs) and associated image search algorithms. A combination of global, Genetic Algorithm (GA), and local, Active Shape Model (ASM), search is used. We have built a 3D PDM of the human brain describing a number of major structures. Using this model we have obtained automatic interpretations for 30 3D Magnetic Resonance head images from different individuals. The results have been evaluated quantitatively and support our claim of robust and accurate interpretation.
Transcriptional enhancers act in cis to suppress position-effect variegation. (1996)

We have examined the basis of enhancer effects on gene expression by altering the action of enhancers on expression of a stably integrated reporter gene. We used two distinct experimental approaches: recombinase-mediated deletion of an enhancer and modulation of the activity of another enhancer composed of downstream metal response elements (MREs). The flp recombinase was used to delete the 5'HS2 globin enhancer from a site downstream of beta-geo at nine separate integration sites in K562 erythroleukemia cells. In no case does deletion of 5'HS2 have a significant effect on the level of expression; however, the deletion does increase dramatically the rate at which expression of beta-geo is silenced. Zinc stimulation of a metallothionein enhancer has no effect on the level of reporter expression, but slows the rate of silencing. Silencing in both cases is highly site dependent, and resembles position-effect variegation (PEV). These results strongly support a binary mode of enhancer action, as in both cases the enhancer maintains reporter expression without a strong effect on the level of expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that transcriptional activators have a direct interaction with repressive chromatin structures, which is independent of an effect on the rate of transcription. We propose that cis-acting transcriptional control elements may act primarily through this mechanism.
Progress of swine influenza virus (2004)

Swine influenza is a infectious respiratory disease by Swine influenza virus. Todays, the disease which can result form economic lose and can threat animal husbandry and human health seriously takes place in many nation and region in the world. Swine influenza virus belong to influenza virus A, which was sensitive to physi-cal and chemical factors, but was strong resistant to dry and cold. Swine influenza virus was composition of eight segments, which encode ten proteins. Swine influenza virus can multiply on many cells, but is was multi-plied on embryo when it was applied for vaccine. Seine influenza virus can hemagglutinin red blood cell, but it have many difference among different sorts. Because of huge repression, swine influenza virus always vary, in-cluding antigen shift and antigen conversiton. Because of swine influenza^s serious economics and implication in public health, the authors analyze swine influenza virus^s physical and chemical characterization, molecular characterization, biological characterization, swine influenza virus^s proteins and so on.
Charge Trapping Dependence on the Physical Structure of Ultra-thin ALD-HfSiON/TiN Gate Stacks (2006)

Positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) is investigated in ultra-thin high-k films as a function of dielectric thickness on two different interfaces: SiO/sub 2/ and SiON. It is shown that charge trapping-induced threshold voltage (V/sub TH/) instability is exponentially dependent on dielectric thickness (or equivalent oxide thickness [EOT]) in the thickness range investigated. We propose that the significantly reduced charge trapping at thicknesses less than 2.0 nm is due to a change in the physical structure from suppressed crystallization at lesser thicknesses, resulting in reduced trap density. It is also observed that the SiON interface shows higher V/sub TH/ instability than the corresponding SiO/sub 2/ interface, while thickness dependence is the same for both.
Reconstructing NMR images under magnetic fields with large inhomogeneities (1982)

A novel technique is presented for reconstructing accurate NMR images from projections under inhomogeneous main magnetic field. The mathematical basis and the point-spread functions of such a curvilinear reconstruction for two- and three-dimensional imagings are fully described. The proper use and the effectiveness of this technique are demonstrated by computer simulations. The promising results presented could strongly influence practices in the design, manufacture and use of the main magnet for NMR imaging by the projections method.
Evaluation of a Clinical Decision Rule for Young Adult Patients with Chest Pain (2005)

Objectives: The authors sought to validate a clinical decision rule that young adult (younger than 40 years) chest pain patients without known cardiac disease who had either no cardiac risk factors and/or a normal electrocardiogram (ECG) are at low risk (<1%) for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and 30-day adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. Methods: A prospective cohort study of patients 24–39 years old who received an ECG for chest pain from July 1999 to March 2002 were included. Cocaine users were excluded. Data collection was structured at presentation, hospital course was followed daily, and 30-day follow-up was obtained by telephone. The main outcome was 30-day adverse CV events (death, acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous intervention, and coronary artery bypass graft). Descriptive statistics were used. Results: Of 4,492 visits for chest pain, 1,023 met criteria. Patients were most often female (61%) and African American (73%). Ninety-eight percent were available for 30-day follow-up. The overall risks of ACS and 30-day adverse CV events were 5.4% and 2.2%, respectively, in our entire cohort. For patients with no cardiac history and no cardiac risk factors, the risk of ACS and 30-day adverse CV events was 1.8%. The risk in patients with no cardiac history and a normal ECG was 1.3%. Patients with no cardiac history, no cardiac risk factors, and a normal ECG had a risk of 1.0%. A modified clinical decision rule found that in young adult patients without a known cardiac history, either no classic cardiac risk factors or a normal ECG, and initially normal cardiac marker studies, the risk of ACS was also extremely low (0.14%) and there were no adverse CV events at 30-day follow-up (95% confidence interval = 0.1% to 0.2%). Conclusions: A modified clinical decision rule described a group of patients with a 0.14% risk of ACS that was free from 30-day adverse CV events.
Covalent Antithrombin-Heparin Complexes with High Anticoagulant Activity (1997)

Although heparin has been used clinically for prophylaxis and treatment of thrombosis, it has suffered from problems such as short duration within compartments in vivo that require long term anticoagulation. A covalent antithrombin-heparin complex has been produced with high anticoagulant activity and a long half-life relative to heparin. The product had high anti-factor Xa and antithrombin activities compared with noncovalent mixtures of antithrombin and heparin (861 and 753 units/mg versus 209 and 198 units/mg, respectively). Reaction with thrombin was rapid with bimolecular and second order rate constants of 1.3 x 10(9) M-1 s-1 and 3.1 x 10(9) M-1 s-1, respectively. The intravenous half-life of the complex in rabbits was 2.6 h as compared with 0.32 h for similar loads of heparin. Subcutaneous injection of antithrombin-heparin resulted in plasma levels (peaking at 24-30 h) that were still detectable 96 h post-injection. Given the increased lifetime in these vascular and intravascular spaces, use of the covalent complex in the lung was investigated. Activity of antithrombin-heparin instilled into rabbit lungs remained for 48 h with no detection of any complex systemically. Thus, this highly active agent has features required for pulmonary sequestration as a possible treatment for thrombotic diseases such as respiratory distress syndrome.
LabelBoost: An Ensemble Model for Ground Truth Inference Using Boosted Trees (2013)

We introduce LabelBoost, an ensemble model that utilizes various label aggregation algorithms to build a higher precision algorithm. We compare this algorithm with majority vote, GLAD and an Expectation Maximization model on a publicly available dataset. The results suggest that by building an ensemble model, one can achieve higher precision value for aggregating crowd-sourced labels for an item. These higher values are shown to be statistically significant.
REVIEW (1960)

The Cheyennes: Indians of the Great Plains . By E. Adamson Hoebel. New York: Henry Holt and Co. 1960. Pp. 103. Tepoztlan: Village in Mexico . By Oscar Lewis. New York: Henry Holt and Co. 1960. Pp. 102.
Spontaneous Fractal Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles and Controlled Generation of Aggregate-Based Fractal Networks at Air/Water Interface (2005)

The spontaneous fractal aggregation of as-prepared cetytrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-capped gold nanoparticles was found to happen at the air/water interface after spreading their chloroform solution on water surfaces. Aided by Langmuir-Blodgett techniques, these fractal aggregates can be interconnected with each other to form aggregate-based fractal networks.
Changes in Delinquency: A Cohort Analysis (1985)

The present study utilizes three cohorts over a span of twenty-five years to (a) examine changes in female relative to male delinquency, (b) pinpoint the historical moment at which these changes, if any, begin to materialize, and (c) account for any observed changes. The results show substantial changes in female delinquency rates over time, but these changes do not necessarily appear at a point in time that would support a feminist perspective. Finally, the presence of different age, period, and cohort influences suggests a need for theoretical refinement. It is suggested that theories validated upon male samples only afford very limited theoretical promise for explaining female delinquency. A more fruitful approach might be to view female delinquency as a distinct phenomenon.
Survivin is not only a death encounter but also a survival protein for invading tumor cells (2006)

Cell proliferation and cell death pathways meet at a pivotal crossroad, crucial to maintain normal homeostasis and to eliminate dangerous cells before they start dividing. Survivin (SVV) is an intriguing and fascinating protein at this crossroad that interfaces life and death, through its dual role in facilitating cell division and encountering apoptosis. SVV's prominent expression in essentially all human malignancies, and low or no expression in most normal tissues, suggests that it would be an ideal target for cancer-directed therapy. However, SVV has been recently described as a target for fine tuning by alternative splicing mechanism generating five defined splice variants and a number of other uncharacterized/bizarre isoforms. This diversity indicates that SVV, in addition to its known functions in tumorgenesis, angiogenesis and cardiovascular diseases, might be associated with other unknown functions. Intriguingly, new accumulating evidence from our own work and others, suggest a novel role for SVV in the mechanisms of tumor invasion and metastasis. The SVV pathway has now provided tangible opportunities for targeted, rational cancer therapy. It is therefore an attractive and promising therapeutic target not only for cancer but also for other diseases. Although a number of studies utilizing SVV as an anti-cancer strategy are well underway, further investigation into the exact molecular interactions underpinning its functions is critical for the success of such trials. Impeding development of safe and effective SVV antagonists for clinical use is due to a lack of understanding the molecular mechanisms by which SVV differentially affects apoptosis and cell division in both normal and malignant cells. In this report, in addition to reviewing the SVV known functions, we discuss the newly proposed mechanisms by which SVV might serve as a survival tool for invading tumor cells.
Optical integrated circuit for a fiber laser doppler velocimeter (1987)

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a new optical integrated circuit (optical IC) pigtailed with a polarization-maintaining fiber for the laser Doppler velocimeter. In this optical IC, a waveguide frequency shifter, a TE/TM mode converter, and a mode splitter are integrated in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</tex> -propagation Ti-diffused LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> as well as a waveguide interferometer. Since the optical IC is as long as 32 mm, the waveguide patterning has been made with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><0.2-\mu</tex> m accuracy by a laser-beam lithographic system recently developed. Using the fabricated optical IC, the velocity of a moving object has been successfully heterodyne-detected with the signal-to-noise ratio of 25 dB.
Degradation of MEPE, DMP1, and Release of SIBLING ASARM-Peptides (Minhibins): ASARM-Peptide(s) Are Directly Responsible for Defective Mineralization in HYP (2007)

Mutations in PHEX (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome) and DMP1 (dentin matrix protein 1) result in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (HYP) and autosomal-recessive hypophosphatemic-rickets (ARHR), respectively. Specific binding of PHEX to matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) regulates the release of small protease-resistant MEPE peptides [acidic serine- and aspartate-rich MEPE-associated motif (ASARM) peptides]. ASARM peptides are potent inhibitors of mineralization (minhibins) that also occur in DMP1 [MEPE-related small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) protein]. It is not known whether these peptides are directly responsible for the mineralization defect. We therefore used a bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) coculture model, ASARM peptides, anti-ASARM antibodies, and a small synthetic PHEX peptide (SPR4; 4.2 kDa) to examine this. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and two-dimensional (1)H/(15)N nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated specific binding of SPR4 peptide to ASARM peptide. When cultured individually for 21 d, HYP BMSCs displayed reduced mineralization compared with wild type (WT) (-87%, P < 0.05). When cocultured, both HYP and WT cells failed to mineralize. However, cocultures (HYP and WT) or monocultures of HYP BMSCs treated with SPR4 peptide or anti-ASARM neutralizing antibodies mineralized normally. WT BMSCs treated with ASARM peptide also failed to mineralize properly without SPR4 peptide or anti-ASARM neutralizing antibodies. ASARM peptide treatment decreased PHEX mRNA and protein (-80%, P < 0.05) and SPR4 peptide cotreatment reversed this by binding ASARM peptide. SPR4 peptide also reversed ASARM peptide-mediated changes in expression of key osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation genes. Western blots of HYP calvariae and BMSCs revealed massive degradation of both MEPE and DMP1 protein compared with the WT. We conclude that degradation of MEPE and DMP-1 and release of ASARM peptides are chiefly responsible for the HYP mineralization defect and changes in osteoblast-osteoclast differentiation.
Compiling control-intensive loops for CGRAs with state-based full predication (2013)

Predication is an essential technique to accelerate kernels with control flow on CGRAs. While state-based full predication (SFP) can remove wasteful power consumption on issuing/decoding instructions from conventional full predication, generating code for SFP is challenging for general CGRAs, especially when there are multiple conditionals to be handled due to exploiting data level parallelism. In this paper, we present a novel compiler framework addressing central issues such as how to express the parallelism between multiple conditionals, and how to allocate resources to them to maximize the parallelism. In particular, by separating the handling of control flow and data flow, our framework can be integrated with conventional mapping algorithms for mapping data flow. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework can find and exploit parallelism between multiple conditionals, thereby leading to 2.21 times higher performance on average than a naive approach.
Identification of a Novel Function of PiT1 Critical for Cell Proliferation and Independent of Its Phosphate Transport Activity (2009)

PiT1 is a Na(+)-phosphate (P(i)) cotransporter located at the plasma membrane that enables P(i) entry into the cell. Its broad tissue expression pattern has led to the idea that together with the closely related family member PiT2, PiT1 is the ubiquitous supplier of P(i) to the cell. Moreover, the role of P(i) in phosphorylation reactions, ATP production, DNA structure, and synthesis has led to the view that P(i) availability could be an important determinant of cell growth. However, these issues have not been clearly addressed to date, and the role of either P(i) or PiT proteins in cell proliferation is unknown. Using RNA interference in HeLa and HepG2 cells, we show that transient or stable PiT1 depletion markedly reduces cell proliferation, delays cell cycle, and impairs mitosis and cytokinesis. In vivo, PiT1 depletion greatly reduced tumor growth when engineered HeLa cells were injected into nude mice. We provide evidence that this effect on cell proliferation is specific to PiT1 and not shared by PiT2 and is not the consequence of impaired membrane Na(+)-P(i) transport. Moreover, we show that modulation of cell proliferation by PiT1 is independent from its transport function because the proliferation of PiT1-depleted cells can be rescued by non-transporting PiT1 mutants. PiT1 depletion leads to the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, whereas other MAP kinases and downstream targets of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) remain unaffected. This study is the first to describe the effects of a P(i) transporter in cell proliferation, tumor growth, and cell signaling.