gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring functional abilities of patients with knee problems: rationale and construction of the DynaPort knee test (2002)

We present the rationale and design of the DynaPort knee test. The test aims at measuring knee patients' functional abilities in an unobtrusive, user-friendly way. Test persons wear several belts around their trunk and legs. The belts contain accelerometers, the signals of which are stored in a recorder, embedded in one of the belts. The knee test consists of a set of 29 tasks related to activities of daily life ("test items"). Accelerometer signals are analyzed in terms of 30 "movement features" (accelerations, angles, durations, frequencies, and some dimensionless numbers). In data analysis, the beginning and end of each test item is marked by hand; otherwise, analysis is automatic. We compared 140 knee patients with 32 healthy controls and found 541 of the 29 x 30=870 test item x movement feature combinations differed significantly between the two groups. From these 541 combinations the DynaPort knee score is calculated by the weighted averages of movement features per item, then weighted averages of items per cluster (locomotion, rising and descending, transfers, lifting and moving objects), and finally the average of the clusters. In an initial study the test-retest reliability of the knee test proved high, and the test turned out to be sufficiently responsive (0.7 patients' standard deviations improvement after 24 months). However, it remains difficult to interpret the scores in more meaningful terms than merely "better" or "worse." Extensive reliability studies in the future will further assess the validity of the test and provide more insight into the meaning of the scores. The DynaPort knee test may thus become an important instrument for evaluating patients'functional abilities in knee-related clinical practice and research.
The Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Nitride Films (1975)

Aluminum nitride films have been deposited on silicon substrates at 800°–1200°C by the pyrolysis of an aluminum trichloride‐ammonia complex,, in a gas flow system. The deposit was transparent, tightly adherent to the substrate, and was confirmed to be aluminum nitride by x‐ray and electron diffraction techniques. The deposited aluminum nitride films were found to be polycrystalline with the crystallite size increasing with increasing temperature of deposition. Other properties of aluminum nitride films relevant to device applications, including density, refractive index, dissolution rate, dielectric constant, and masking ability, have been determined. These properties indicate that aluminum nitride films have potential as a dielectric in electronic devices.
Heat conduction of single-walled carbon nanotube isotope superlattice structures: A molecular dynamics study (2006)

Heat conduction of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) isotope superlattice is investigated by means of classical molecular dynamics simulations. Superlattice structures were formed by alternately connecting SWNTs with different masses. On varying the superlattice period, the critical value with minimum effective thermal conductivity was identified, where dominant physics switches from zone-folding effect to thermal boundary resistance of lattice interface. The crossover mechanism is explained with the energy density spectra where zone-folding effects can be clearly observed. The results suggest that the critical superlattice period thickness depends on the mean free path distribution of diffusive-ballistic phonons. The reduction of the thermal conductivity with superlattice structures beats that of the one-dimensional alloy structure, though the minimum thermal conductivity is still slightly higher than the value obtained by two-dimensional random mixing of isotopes.
Therapeutic drug monitoring for triazoles (2008)

Therapeutic drug monitoring represents an important mechanism to optimize the outcome of immunocompromised patients receiving triazoles.
Bacterial Infection in Cystic Fibrosis (1972)

Bacterial infection in cystic fibrosis. Tests for precipitins against Staph. aureus, H. influenzae, Ps. aeruginosa, Strep. pnewnoniae, and Kleb. pneumoniae were carried out on the serum of 195 patients with cystic fibrosis, whose ages ranged from 3 weeks to 31 years. Sputum was obtained for culture from 96 patients over 5 years old. Precipitins against Ps. aeruginosa were more common than those against any other organism, including Staph. aureus, in the 0-to 5-and 6-to 10- year-old groups, while mucoid Ps. aeruginosa was the commonest pathogen isolated from the sputum of the 6-to 10-year-old children. These findings suggest that Ps. aeruginosa is the commonest bronchial pathogen in the younger patients and seem to conflict with the belief that Staph. aureus is always the initial pathogen in cystic fibrosis. Indeed, in 2 patients Ps. aeruginosa was proved to be the initial pathogen, and it is probable that patients with cystic fibrosis are susceptible from birth to bronchial infection by any pathogen with which they come in contact. The prevalence of pseudomonas infection, in contrast to that for staphylococcal or haemophilus infections, fell strikingly in the oldest patients, and this may reflect the failure of many patients with pseudomonas infections to survive into adult life.
Sensitive fluorescence<i>in situ</i>hybridization signal detection in maize using directly labeled probes produced by high concentration DNA polymerase nick translation (2006)

The signal produced by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) often is inconsistent among cells and sensitivity is low. Small DNA targets on the chromatin are difficult to detect. We report here an improved nick translation procedure for Texas red and Alexa Fluor 488 direct labeling of FISH probes. Brighter probes can be obtained by adding excess DNA polymerase I. Using such probes, a 30 kb yeast transgene, and the rp1, rp3 and zein multigene clusters were clearly detected.
Practical Applications of Backside Silicon Etching (1995)

As the complexity of the integrated circuits increases, deprocessing becomes a challenging job due to multilevel metallization and planarization processes. Deprocessing issues associated with failure analysis of the trench capacitors in DRAM devices are well known and various techniques to inspect the trenches from the backside have been widely published. These backside etching techniques can also be applied to failure analysis of other multilayer metallization devices for efficient inspection of gate oxide and contacts. This paper compares backside silicon etch (BSE) techniques using several etchants as well as various sample preparation methods. Practical applications of backside silicon etching of different devices have been described for DRAM and SRAM single cell failures and silicide contact failures where deprocessing from the top side is difficult. These examples show how BSE can be a very useful technique to characterize defects in a wide variety of devices.
Convergence of packet communications over the evolved mobile networks; signal processing and protocol performance (2010)

In this thesis, the convergence of packet communications over the evolved mobile networks is studied. The Long Term Evolution (LTE) process is dominating the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in order to bring technologies to the markets in the spirit of continuous innovation. The global markets of mobile information services are growing towards the Mobile Information Society. \n The thesis begins with the principles and theories of the multiple-access transmission schemes, transmitter receiver techniques and signal processing algorithms. Next, packet communications and Internet protocols are referred from the IETF standards with the characteristics of mobile communications in the focus. The mobile network architecture and protocols bind together the evolved packet system of Internet communications to the radio access network technologies. Specifics of the traffic models are shortly visited for their statistical meaning in the radio performance analysis. Radio resource management algorithms and protocols, also procedures, are covered addressing their relevance for the system performance. Throughout these Chapters, the commonalities and differentiators of the WCDMA, WCDMA/HSPA and LTE are covered. The main outcome of the thesis is the performance analysis of the LTE technology beginning from the early discoveries to the analysis of various system features and finally converging to an extensive system analysis campaign. The system performance is analysed with the characteristics of voice over the Internet and best effort traffic of the Internet. These traffic classes represent the majority of the mobile traffic in the converged packet networks, and yet they are simple enough for a fair and generic analysis of technologies. The thesis consists of publications and inventions created by the author that proposed several improvements to the 3G technologies towards the LTE. In the system analysis, the LTE showed by the factor of at least 2.5 to 3 times higher system measures compared to the WCDMA/HSPA reference. The WCDMA/HSPA networks are currently available with over 400 million subscribers and showing increasing growth, in the meanwhile the first LTE roll-outs are scheduled to begin in 2010. Sophisticated 3G LTE mobile devices are expected to appear fluently for all consumer segments in the following years.
Micronized emulsion for controlled release of physostigmine after oral administration. Part II. Release characteristics and pharmacological evaluation. (1989)

In vitro release of physostigmine from an emulsion was more prolonged than from a tablet. This prolongation was attributed to the retention capacity of the dispersed oil droplets. Increase of the oily phase volume ratio from 20 to 50% did not substantially decrease the rate of release, and decrease of the mean oil droplet size did not affect the release profile, indicating that the drug was mainly localized in the external phase of the emulsion. The profiles agreed with those predicted from our earlier mathematical equation based on a three compartment model system. In rabbits there were no significant differences in the Tmax and AUC values obtained by use of a tablet and the emulsion form, but the emulsion form elicited less enzyme inhibition. T20 (the therapeutic occupancy time) was markedly extended following use of the emulsion form.
Hemopexin down-regulates LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages (2009)

Detection of LPS in tissues is an integral component of innate immunity that acts to protect against invasion by Gram-negative bacteria. Plasma down-regulates LPS-induced cytokine production from macrophages, thereby limiting systemic inflammation in blood and distant tissues. To identify the protein(s) involved in this process, we used classical biochemical chromatographic techniques to identify fractions of mouse sera that suppress LPS-induced TNF from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Fractionation yielded microgram quantities of a protein that was identified by MS to be hemopexin (Hx). Mouse Hx purified on hemin-agarose beads and rhHx decreased the production of cytokines from BMDMs and peritoneal macrophages induced by LPS. Preincubation of LPS with Hx did not affect the activity of LPS on LAL, whereas preincubation of Hx with macrophages followed by washing resulted in decreased activity of these cells in response to LPS, suggesting that Hx acts on macrophages rather than LPS. Heme-free Hx did not stimulate HO-1 in the macrophages. Purified Hx also decreased TNF and IL-6 from macrophages induced by the synthetic TLR2 agonist Pam3Cys. Our data suggest that Hx, which is an acute-phase protein that increases during inflammation, limits TLR4 and TLR2 agonist-induced macrophage cytokine production directly through a mechanism distinct from HO-1.
Oral Contracts to Dispose of Property at Death (1945)

Oral Contracts to Dispose of Property at Death
Phishing Web page detection (2005)

An approach to detection of phishing Web pages based on visual similarity is proposed, which can be utilized as a part of an enterprise solution to antiphishing. A legitimate Web page owner can use this approach to search the Web for suspicious Web pages which are visually similar to the true Web page. The approach first decomposes the Web pages into salient (visually distinguishable) block regions. The visual similarity between two Web pages is then evaluated in three metrics: block level similarity, layout similarity, and overall style similarity. A Web page is reported as a phishing suspect if any of them (with regards to the true one) is higher than its corresponding preset threshold. Preliminary experiments show that the approach can successfully detect those phishing Web pages with few false alarms at a speed adequate for online application.
A mutant of<i>Synechococcus</i>PCC 7942 impaired in HCO<sup>â</sup><sub>3</sub>uptake (1998)

An inactivation library was used to isolate high-CO2-requiring mutants of Synechococcus PCC 7942. One of them, mutant IL-7, is composed of elongated cells, some 5-15 times longer than the wild-type. IL-7 is impaired in the ability to accumulate inorganic carbon within the cells due to a lesion in HCO3- transport. Consequently, the apparent photosynthetic affinity for external inorganic carbon was about 50-100-fold lower than in the wild-type. Analysis of the genomic region modified in IL-7 demonstrated that the inactivating fragment was composed of two genomically unrelated fragments which were ligated together during the formation of the inactivation library. One of the fragments originated from a known genomic region, rbcLS, encoding ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the other showed high homology to mutS encoding a DNA mismatch repair protein. We suggest that the primary lesion in IL-7 was in mutS and not in rbcLS, and that the phenotype of IL-7 resulted from secondary random mutations. We were unable to identify the spontaneous mutation(s) due to low transformability of IL-7. Our finding that two unrelated fragments ligated together points to possible mistakes in the identification of the function of putative genes with the aid of an inactivation library.
Environments of value: the pursuit of value in organisational cultures (2015)

This paper engages with a new approach in psychology and its application to the business environment. Rooted in client observation in therapeutic environments in conjunction with post-doctoral work, the lens I propose endeavours to discern how issues of value are generated in everyday workplace contexts. Such contexts are a site of contested struggle to pursue a high value for ourselves. This motivation acts as a psycho-social driver. I propose the notion of organisational culture as 'environments of value' within which value is released. I suggest how this construct might inform the emerging concept of shared value as requiring five literacies about: 1) shareholder value and return for risk; 2) value for the social environment linked to respect for the natural environment; 3) inner value of those in the enterprise, which when unlocked, releases energies and adds value; 4) nurture of non-quantifiable qualities that promote human flourishing; 5) understandings of how power relations distort the way organisations operate. The link between promoting an environment of value within which these literacies flourish and the added value for the organisation arising from such a culture is then signposted.
Chromatic dispersion tolerance of coherent optical communications systems with electrical equalization (2006)

Coherent demodulation provides linear transfer of distortions from the optical into the electrical domain. We show by use of Monte-Carlo simulations which equalizer structures available today are best suited to equalize chromatic dispersion after coherent demodulation
Learning shape models for monocular human pose estimation from the Microsoft Xbox Kinect (2011)

We propose a method for learning shape models enabling accurate articulated human pose estimation from a single image. Where previous work has typically employed simple geometric models of human limbs e.g. cylinders which lead to rectangular projections, we propose to learn a generative model of limb shape which can capture the wide variation in shape due to varying anatomy and pose. The model is learnt from silhouette, depth and 3D pose data provided by a Microsoft Xbox Kinect, such that no manual annotation is required. We employ the learnt model in a pictorial structure model framework and demonstrate improved pose estimation from single silhouettes compared to using conventional rectangular limb models.
Harry L. Garrigus (1944)

Journal Article Harry L. Garrigus: Honor Guest—1943 Get access Journal of Animal Science, Volume 3, Issue 3, August 1944, Pages 310–311, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1944.33310x Published: 01 August 1944
<i>Commencements</i><i>Le Baron de Saint-Castin: Chef abénaquis</i><i>The Wars of the Iroquois: A Study in Intertribal Trade Relations</i> (1940)

"CommencementsLe Baron de Saint-Castin: Chef abénaquisThe Wars of the Iroquois: A Study in Intertribal Trade Relations." Canadian Historical Review, 21(2), pp. 211–212
Towards the production of radiotherapy treatment shells on 3D printers using data derived from DICOM CT and MRI: preclinical feasibility studies (2014)

Abstract Background: Immobilisation for patients undergoing brain or head and neck radiotherapy is achieved using perspex or thermoplastic devices that require direct moulding to patient anatomy. The mould room visit can be distressing for patients and the shells do not always fit perfectly. In addition the mould room process can be time consuming. With recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies comes the potential to generate a treatment shell directly from a computer model of a patient. Typically, a patient requiring radiotherapy treatment will have had a computed tomography (CT) scan and if a computer model of a shell could be obtained directly from the CT data it would reduce patient distress, reduce visits, obtain a close fitting shell and possibly enable the patient to start their radiotherapy treatment more quickly. Purpose: This paper focuses on the first stage of generating the front part of the shell and investigates the dosimetric properties of the materials to show the feasibility of 3D printer materials for the production of a radiotherapy treatment shell. Materials and methods: Computer algorithms are used to segment the surface of the patient’s head from CT and MRI datasets. After segmentation approaches are used to construct a 3D model suitable for printing on a 3D printer. To ensure that 3D printing is feasible the properties of a set of 3D printing materials are tested. Conclusions: The majority of the possible candidate 3D printing materials tested result in very similar attenuation of a therapeutic radiotherapy beam as the Orfit soft-drape masks currently in use in many UK radiotherapy centres. The costs involved in 3D printing are reducing and the applications to medicine are becoming more widely adopted. In this paper we show that 3D printing of bespoke radiotherapy masks is feasible and warrants further investigation.
Evaluation of the Immunogenicity and Biological Activity of the <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> Vi-CRM <sub>197</sub> Conjugate as a Vaccine for <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhi (2011)

Typhoid fever remains a major health problem in developing countries. Young children are at high risk, and a vaccine effective for this age group is urgently needed. Purified capsular polysaccharide from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Vi) is licensed as a vaccine, providing 50 to 70% protection in individuals older than 5 years. However, this vaccine is ineffective in infants. Vi conjugated to a carrier protein (i.e., an exoprotein A mutant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa [rEPA]) is highly immunogenic, provides long-term protection, and shows more than 90% protective efficacy in children 2 to 5 years old. Here, we describe an alternative glycoconjugate vaccine for S. Typhi, Vi-CRM(197), where Vi was obtained from Citrobacter freundii WR7011 and CRM(197), the mutant diphtheria toxin protein, was used as the carrier. We investigated the optimization of growth conditions for Vi production from C. freundii WR7011 and the immunogenicity of Vi-CRM(197) conjugates in mice. The optimal saccharide/protein ratio of the glycoconjugates was identified for the best antibody production. We also demonstrated the ability of this new vaccine to protect mice against challenge with Vi-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Quantitative Field Studies on a Carbon Dioxide Chemotropism of Mosquitoes (1953)

SummaryCarbon dioxide, released at rates of approximately 25 ml., 250 ml. and 2,500 ml. per minute, was successfully employed as a host-simulating mosquito attractant. These rates were selected because they represent approximately the average amounts of carbon dioxide given off by chicken, man, and horse or cow, respectively.Large numbers of female mosquitoes of several species were attracted into traps baited with these concentrations of carbon dioxide. The various species of mosquitoes responded differently. Aedes nigromaculis was attracted in the greatest numbers to the higher concentrations. More Culex quinquefasciatus were attracted to the least amount. Culex tarsalis was greatly attracted to all three concentrations, but the largest numbers were attracted to the traps where the rate of release was highest. These observations are correlated with available knowledge of the host preference habits of these species and they suggest a direct interrelationship of host-seeking and carbon dioxide chemotropism.These observations are of potential value in epidemiological studies of mosquito-borne diseases and offer a new investigative tool in such research.
The Development of a Clinical Reference Method for Glucose in Serum (1976)

The progress achieved as of July 1975 on the development of a clinical reference method for glucose is presented; this effort originated as a subcommittee function of the American Association of Clinical Chemists. The hexokinase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method for determining glucose was selected as the candidate clinical reference method. Its use in all laboratories performing the round-robin tests has provided high precision values. Its accuracy is being evaluated against the results of isotope dilution-mass spectrometry (ID—MS) as the definitive method for glucose. Work as yet incomplete shows some erratic differences between the ID—MS and the candidate clinical method. More is to be done with ID—MS to ensure the validity of its values before further efforts on the clinical reference method are undertaken.
In vivo Assessment of Lens Transmission for Blue-Green Light by Autofïuorescence Measurement (1985)

A simple quantitative and reproducible method for evaluating lens transmission (lambda = 490 and 530 nm) is described. It is based on the measurement of autofluorescence in the anterior and the posterior part of the lens by means of a fluorophotometer, assuming an about equal fluorescence quantum efficiency in both parts. Consequently any difference in fluorescence between both parts can be attributed to a loss of exciting and fluorescent light in the lens. For both wavelengths, the average lens transmission is determined by this method in a normal population as a function of age.