gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Origin and Function of Soluble CD14 in Experimental Bacterial Meningitis (1999)

Murine experimental meningitis models induced by either Escherichia coli LPS, live Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Listeria monocytogenes were used to study the origin and potential function of soluble CD14 (sCD14) in the brain during bacterial meningitis. Whereas intracerebral infection caused only a minor and/or transient increase of sCD14 levels in the serum, dramatically elevated concentrations of sCD14 were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. Reverse-transcriptase PCR and FACS analysis of the leukocytes invading the subarachnoid compartment revealed an active amplification of CD14 transcription and concomitant surface expression. These findings were confirmed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis. In contrast, parenchymal astrocytes and microglial cells were shown not to significantly contribute to the elevated levels of sCD14. Simultaneous intracerebral inoculation of rsCD14 and S. pneumoniae resulted in a markedly increased local cytokine response. Taken together, these data provide the first evidence that sCD14 can act as an inflammatory co-ligand in vivo. Thus, during bacterial meningitis, sCD14 is massively released by intrathecal leukocytes, and the sCD14 found in the cerebrospinal fluid can play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I and growth hormone receptor gene expression by diabetes and nutritional state in rat tissues (1989)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA and GH receptor mRNA levels were analysed in different tissues from rats made diabetic with streptozotocin, fasted rats and rats fed with a protein-reduced diet. Diabetes decreased IGF-I mRNA levels in liver, heart, diaphragm, kidney and aorta, but not in brain. GH receptor mRNA levels were decreased in heart and diaphragm, but not in liver and kidney. Fasting decreased IGF-I mRNA in all tissues studied except brain, and decreased GH receptor mRNA in liver, heart and diaphragm, but not in kidney. A protein-reduced diet decreased hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels but did not significantly affect other tissues, while GH receptor mRNA levels were reduced in liver and diaphragm. In conclusion, both diabetes and limited nutrition affected IGF-I and GH receptor mRNA in different tissues, but the two mRNAs were not co-ordinately regulated in all tissues studied. While reduced GH receptor gene expression may thus be responsible for decreased IGF-I gene expression in some states and tissues, additional regulatory mechanisms may be of importance.
The V Antigen of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Is Required for Assembly of the Functional PopB/PopD Translocation Pore in Host Cell Membranes (2004)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa efficiently intoxicates eukaryotic cells through the activity of the type III secretion-translocation system (TTSS). Gene deletions within the translocation operon pcrGVH-popBD abolish pore-forming activity of P. aeruginosa strains with macrophages and TTSS-dependent hemolysis. Here we investigated the requirements for PcrV, PopB, and PopD in pore formation by analyzing specific mutants using red blood cells (RBCs) and fibroblasts expressing green fluorescent protein fused to actin. Simultaneous secretion of three proteins, PopB, PopD, and PcrV, was required to achieve wild-type hemolysis and effector translocation. Deletion of pcrV in a cytotoxic strain did not affect secretion of PopB and PopD but abolished hemolytic activity and translocation of effectors into fibroblasts. Notably, the PcrV-deficient mutant was not capable of inserting PopD into host cell membranes, whereas PopB and PopD, but not PcrV, were readily found within membranes of wild-type-infected RBCs. Immunoprecipitation experiments performed by using a liposome model of pore assembly revealed a direct interaction between PopD and PopB but not between PopD and PcrV. Consequently, PcrV is necessary for the functional assembly of the PopB/D translocon complex but does not interact directly with pore-forming Pop proteins.
An intelligent agent for multimedia (2002)

This paper presents an approach to building an intelligent agent for personalized multimedia information filtering. A so-called "intelligent personal agent" adapts to the needs of users by interacting with them in various manners. We go beyond the keyword boundary and propose the notion of a "multimedia profile" which acts as an interface in providing a suitable and easy representation of user interests. A group of "interest profiles" are maintained in the multimedia profile. A "picture board" in the profile provides image selections to compose an interest profile. Audio and video sections in the profile can also be used for the same purpose. The personal agents of different users can possess specialized skills other than filtering the newspaper, like creating "documentaries" and offering them to other users or their agents.
Taverna: lessons in creating a workflow environment for the life sciences (2005)

Abstract Life sciences research is based on individuals, often with diverse skills, assembled into research groups. These groups use their specialist expertise to address scientific problems. The in silico experiments undertaken by these research groups can be represented as workflows involving the co‐ordinated use of analysis programs and information repositories that may be globally distributed. With regards to Grid computing, the requirements relate to the sharing of analysis and information resources rather than sharing computational power. The my Grid project has developed the Taverna Workbench for the composition and execution of workflows for the life sciences community. This experience paper describes lessons learnt during the development of Taverna. A common theme is the importance of understanding how workflows fit into the scientists' experimental context. The lessons reflect an evolving understanding of life scientists' requirements on a workflow environment, which is relevant to other areas of data intensive and exploratory science. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Approximation Method for Planar Assignment Problem (1984)

The present paper describes an approximation rnethod for the assignment problern under the conditions that all vertices are on the same plane and the distance between two vertices is taken as the cost of edge connecting their vertices This method obtains first an initial sotution by setting a certain resuiction to the exploratory area on the plane and then finds out a final approximate solution by improving successively the initial sotution.It is also skown that this approximation method wil1 be able to apply to the largescale problem with the vertices of the order of 10,OOO.
Nanoporous Structures by Design (2000)

Targeted three-dimensional networks with unprecedented porosity (nanoporosity) can be designed from first principles. The diversity of nodes and ligands available allows fine tuning of the molecular recognition features of these porous solids. The materials so far prepared, for example [{Cu(4,4′-bipy)2}n](SiF6)n (see picture; bipy=bipyridine), have a greater surface area accessible to guest molecules than zeolites.
AC impedance simulation for lithium-ion cells (2002)

The AC impedance behavior of a lithium-ion cell with nonporous intercalation electrodes is simulated using a model based on well-established theoretical principles. The effects of cell design (electrode thickness, ratio of cathode to anode capacity) and electrode properties (capacitance, kinetics, diffusion coefficient) on impedance spectra are explored.
Automated Stereotaxic Core Needle Biopsy of Breast Lesions (1999)

To assess the feasibility of automated stereotaxic core needle biopsy (SCNB) on breast lesions, 26 cases of mammographically suspected breast lesions that underwent SCNB were retrospectively studied. SCNB was restricted to patients with suspect breast lesions presented as microcalcification (15 cases), nodular density with calcification (7 cases), spiculated mass with microcalcification (2 cases), nodule (1 case) or architectural distortion (1 case) on mammograms. None of the suspected lesions were cystic on sonograms. According to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) developed by American College of Radiology, the lesions on mammograms were classified as probably benign lesions (BI-RADS category 3) in 2 cases, low-to-intermediate lesions (BI-RADS category 4) in 15, and highly suspect for malignancy (BIRADS category 5)in 9. SCNB was performed on all patients. The number of specimens obtained from each lesion ranged from 4 to 10 (mean 5). Magnification radiography was used to evaluate calcification in specimen.
The pathological examination of specimens from SCNB revealed benign lesions in 12 patients (fibroadenoma in 5, fibrocystic change 4, fibrosis with calcification 2, and adenosis in one), normal breast tissue in 7, and breast carcinoma in 7. All the lesions classified as BI-RADS category 3 or 4 were proved to be benign by SCNB, while 78% (7 of 9) of lesions shown as BI-RADS category 5 on mammograms were proved to be malignant by SCNB. Of 24 cases with calcification on mammograms, 14 (58%) revealed calcification on specimen radiographs. One patient with calcified fibroadenoma had a complication of bending of biopsy needle during the SCNB procedure causing failure of needle withdrawal.
In conclusion, SCNB is an efficient and safe alternative in obtaining sufficient tissues for diagnosing breast lesions. It may spare some selected patients a surgical biopsy procedure. One should avoid directly targeting a densely calcified nodule.
An Algorithm to Realize Rate-Splitting in Gaussian Multi-access Channel (2016)

Rate Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) is a code division multi-access technique which can achieve any base in the multi-access capacity polymatroid without high coding complexity or synchronization among the transmitting users. In this paper, a practical algorithm is proposed to compute the splitting coefficients and the successive decoding order of virtual users in Gaussian RSMA transmission. Based on the proposed algorithm, a deterministic mapping is built between the system parameters and the objective rate tuple for RSMA. As a result, the application of the RSMA technique becomes possible in current communication systems.
Efficient One‐Pot Preparation of Cu‐SSZ‐13 Materials using Cooperative OSDAs for their Catalytic Application in the SCR of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> (2013)

Abstract The cooperative use of the Cu‐tetraethylenepentamine complex and N , N , N ‐trimethyl‐1‐adamantammonium as organic structure‐directing agents (OSDAs) enabled the rationalized “one‐pot” preparation of Cu‐containing SSZ‐13 zeolites. A detailed study of different synthetic variables permitted the control of the Si/Al and Cu/(Si+Al) ratios in the final solids. Cu‐SSZ‐13 molecular sieves synthesized in alkaline media demonstrate excellent catalytic activities and good hydrothermal stabilities for the selective catalytic reduction of NO x . Finally, the effect of synthesis media on the catalytic active sites is also demonstrated and a remarkable activity loss for samples synthesized in fluoride media is observed.
Culturable Diversity of Thraustochytrids from Coastal Waters of Qingdao and Their Fatty Acids (2022)

Thraustochytrids have gained significant attention in recent years because of their considerable ecological and biotechnological importance. Yet, the influence of seasons and habitats on their culturable diversity and lipid profile remains poorly described. In this study, a total of 58 thraustochytrid strains were isolated from the coastal waters of Qingdao, China. These strains were phylogenetically close to five thraustochytrid genera, namely <i>Botryochytrium</i>, <i>Oblongichytrium</i>, <i>Schizochytrium</i>, <i>Thraustochytrium</i>, and <i>Sicyoidochytrium</i>. Most of the isolated strains were classified into the genera <i>Thraustochytrium</i> and <i>Oblongichytrium</i>. Further diversity analysis revealed that samples collected from nutrient-rich habitats and during summer/fall yielded significantly higher culturable diversity of thraustochytrids than those from low-nutrient habitats and winter/spring. Moreover, sampling habitats and seasons significantly impacted the fatty acid profiles of the strains. Particularly, the <i>Oblongichytrium</i> sp. OC931 strain produced a significant amount (153.99 mg/L) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), accounting for 9.12% of the total fatty acids, which was significantly higher than that of the previously reported <i>Aurantiochytrium</i> strains. Overall, the results of this study fill the gap in our current understanding of the culturable diversity of thraustochytrids in the coastal waters and the impact of the sampling habitats and seasons on their capacity for lipid accumulation.
Pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (2005)

The pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been under investigation for over 25 years, during which a number of factors that contribute to upper airway (UA) collapse during sleep have been identified. Structural/anatomic factors that constrict space for the soft tissues surrounding the pharynx and its lumen are crucial to the development of OSA in many patients. Enlargement of soft tissues enveloping the pharynx, including hypertrophied tonsils, adenoids, and tongue, is also an important factor predisposing to UA collapse, inasmuch as this can impinge on the pharyngeal lumen and narrow it during sleep. Other factors, including impairment of UA mechanoreceptor sensitivity and reflexes that maintain pharyngeal patency and respiratory control system instability, have also been identified as possible mechanisms facilitating UA instability. This suggests that OSA may be a heterogeneous disorder, rather than a single disease entity. Therefore, the extent to which various pathogenic factors contribute to the phenomenon of repetitive collapse of the UA during sleep probably varies from patient to patient. Further elucidation of specific pathogenic mechanisms in individuals with OSA may facilitate the development of new therapies that can be tailored to individual patient needs according to the underlying mechanism(s) of their disease.
Electrochromic variable transmission optical combiner (2005)

Complementary coloring conducting polymer based electrochromic devices have been designed, fabricated and tested for possible application as a variable attenuation combiner element for a see-through head mounted display or a variable trasnsmissive sand wind dust goggle lens. Electrochromic cells fabricated on both glass and polycarbonate substrates have been demonstrated to meet closely the desired goals of low power consumption, wide transmission range, fast switching speeds and long lifetime. Photopic transmissions of 34% in colored state and 67% in bleached state were achieved in a reproducible manner. The measured switching times are 0.6 sec (colored to bleached state) and 1.9 sec (bleached to colored state). The life cycle testing showed stability up to 92,000 switches. The measured power consumption of the fabricated devices was < 1 mW/cm . The electrochromic technology design effort has identified processes for obtaining the optimum layer thickness and selecting polymers and gel electrolytes necessary to obtain the widest transmission range, fastest switching speed and longest lifetime. Early environmental testing has been performed by subjecting prototype electrochromic cells to temperatures varying from -30°C to + 40°C with the results reported herein. Follow on work includes further optimization of electronic drive schemes as well as field testing of electrochromic lens equipped sand, wind dust goggles.
Variation in Intravaginal Pressure Measurements (1991)

The wide variation in intravaginal pressure measurements of the circumvaginal muscles (CVM) was studied in five subjects under well-controlled conditions. Previous research and clinical observations have indicated that fluctuations in the measurement of intravaginal pressure may be associated with time of day, day of testing, and existing stress factors. Subjects were assessed four times per day, on four consecutive days, for a total of 16 assessments. At each of the 16 conditions for a given subject, 10 CVM contractions lasting 12 seconds each were recorded and the variables, maximum pressure (MP10), peak maximum pressure (PMP), and abdominal pressure were analyzed. The within-subject variance was 15.5 (SD = 3.9); the between-subject variance was 132.4 (SD = 11.5). The effects of day, time, and stressor were analyzed by ANOVA specifically designed for variance estimates; no significant differences were found. The clinical observations that led to the study were not supported when systematically investigated. However, consistent data collection procedures appeared to reduce within-subject variance.
Embracing and Extending 20th-Century Instruction Set Architectures (2007)

A vector case study shows how new functionality can be added to extend the 80times86 and PowerPC architectures to support a full vector architecture, primarily by enhancing their multimedia extensions to provide a better model for compilers and an easier-to-understand model for programmers
Grain‐Boundary Segregation and Final‐Stage Sintering of Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1967)

The addition of ThO 2 to Y 2 O 3 inhibits grain growth during sintering and allows the sintering process to proceed to theoretical density by maintaining a high diffusion flux of vacancies from the pores to the grain boundaries. The inhibition of grain growth is accomplished by the segregation of ThO 2 solute at the grain boundaries, causing a decrease in the grain‐boundary mobility. The segregation of ThO 2 at the grain boundaries can be inferred from the results of the microhardness and grain‐growth studies presented. Further evidence for segregation is provided by quenching experiments and surface activity experiments.
Spectral Distribution of Typical Daylight as a Function of Correlated Color Temperature (1964)

Spectral distributions of 622 samples of daylight (skylight, and sunlight plus skylight) have been subjected to characteristic vector analysis, as composite data and in three subgroups (99 distributions measured by Budde; 249, by Condit; and 274, by Henderson and Hodgkiss). The chromaticity coordinates (x,y) computed from these distributions have been compared with direct visual determinations of chromaticity coordinates of daylight by Nayatani and Wyszecki, and by Chamberlin, Lawrence, and Belbin. It was found that the chromaticities indicated by the spectral distributions and by direct visual colorimetry cluster about the curve: y = 2.870x−3.000x2−0.275. This curve of typical daylight chromaticities falls slightly on the green side of the Planckian locus. From the mean and the first two characteristic vectors of the composite data, spectral distribution curves have been reconstituted by choice of scalar multiples of the vectors such that the chromaticity points fall on the curve of typical daylight chromaticities at places corresponding to correlated color temperatures of 4800°, 5500°, 6500°, 7500°, and 10 000°K. The representative character of these reconstituted spectral-distribution curves has been established by comparison with the measured curves from each subgroup yielding the closest approximation to the same chromaticities. The agreement so found suggests that this family of curves is more representative of the various phases of daylight between correlated color temperatures 4800° and 10 000°K than any previously derived distributions.
Nickel Oxide Electrode Interlayer in CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite/PCBM Planar‐Heterojunction Hybrid Solar Cells (2014)

This study successfully demonstrates the application of inorganic p-type nickel oxide (NiOx ) as electrode interlayer for the fabrication of NiOx /CH3 NH3 PbI3 perovskite/PCBM PHJ hybrid solar cells with a respectable solar-to-electrical PCE of 7.8%. The better energy level alignment and improved wetting of the NiOx electrode interlayer significantly enhance the overall photovoltaic performance.
Expression of Hu-IFN-alpha gene in transgenic grass carp (2001)

To raise carp^s resistance to hemorrhage, a large amount of transgenic grass carp was obtained by transfering hu-IFN-alpha gene which was cloned under the control of the beta-actin gene promoter of grass carp to he cytula of carp in the way of microinjection. ELISA detection of the gene expression of the transgenic grass carps was carried out by using the serum as samples. 158 individuals were tested to be positive with a detectable hu-IFN-alpha expression level in 672 transgenic fish. The detectable ratio is 23.51% and the highest is 1 450 pg/mL in serum. The expression level of the transformed gene changes in different seasons and development stages.
Inhaler technique and training in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma (2012)

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are both common conditions with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Inhaled therapy for these conditions has a number of advantages over systemic therapy, including reduced side effects and quicker onset of action. The effective use of inhaled therapy is critically dependent upon the nature of the drug-delivery system and the ability of the patient to use the system correctly. There are a wide number of inhaler devices on the market, each with positive and negative aspects. A crucial part of patient care is to ensure that the choice of inhaler device for the individual is an effective therapy. There are a number of interventions that can help with the choice of inhaler device and also improve the ability of the patient to use inhaled therapy. Inhaler technique training needs to be a cornerstone of the care of patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to ensure optimal therapy.
GLUT4Gene Regulation and Manipulation (1999)

A decade has passed since the cloning of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter, GLUT4. Numerous studies have demonstrated the complex hormonal and metabolic regulation of GLUT4 gene expression in adipose tissue and muscle. Careful dissection of the regulatory elements in the GLUT4promoter has provided insight into the intricate control of this central gene of glucose homeostasis. Genetic manipulation of mice has provided further insight into the role of GLUT4 in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism at the whole body and tissue-specific levels.
Polymeric Derivatives Based on <i>cis</i>-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) as Antineoplastic Agents (1982)

Platinum polyamines can be readily synthesized with good control on the chain length through reaction of salts of PtX4-2 with diamines. The polyamines show good antineoplastic activity against a wide range of tumors including mouse connective tissues, human cervical carcinoma and human amnion cancer cells. Further the vast majority of the polyamines successfully altered the normal replication cycle of the polio virus Type 1 and Encephalomyocarditic virus, strain MM when the former cells were treated with the virus, without destruction of the cells themselves. Mice are able to tolerate large dosages of the polyamines.