gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homeostatic Modulation of Cell Surface KDR and Flt1 Expression and Expression of the Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor (VEGF) Receptor mRNAs by VEGF (2000)

Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor expressed during embryonic development, during wound healing, and in pathologies dependent on neovascularization, including cancer. Regulation of the receptor tyrosine kinases, KDR and Flt-1, to which VEGF binds on endothelial cells is incompletely understood. Chronic incubation with tumor-conditioned medium or VEGF diminished (125)I-VEGF binding to human umbilical vein endothelial cells, incorporation of (125)I-VEGF into covalent complexes with KDR and Flt1, and immunoreactive KDR in cell lysates. Receptor down-regulation desensitized VEGF activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Preincubation with VEGF or tumor-conditioned medium down-regulated cell surface receptor expression but up-regulated KDR and Flt-1 mRNAs, an effect abrogated by a neutralizing VEGF antibody. Removal of VEGF from the medium led to recovery of (125)I-VEGF binding and resensitization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Recovery of receptor expression was inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating that augmented VEGF receptor mRNAs, and not receptor recycling from a cytoplasmic pool, restored responsiveness. As the VEGF receptors promote endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and other events necessary for angiogenesis, the noncoordinate regulation of VEGF receptor proteins and mRNAs suggests that human umbilical vein endothelial cells are protected against inappropriate or prolonged loss of VEGF receptors by a homeostatic mechanism important to endothelial cell function.
Swallowing Outcomes Following Laryngectomy and Pharyngolaryngectomy (2002)

The true incidence of patients experiencing a compromise in swallowing following surgery has been underestimated. The significant impact of impaired swallowing on a patient's level of perceived disability, handicap, and distress highlights the importance of providing optimal management of this negative consequence of surgery to maximize the patient's quality of life.
Nanolink-based thermal devices : integration of ALD tin thin films (2011)

The cover shows an optical micrograph (topview) of Greek Cross shaped four-point structures with buried electrodes (chapter 2) for the electrical characterization of ultrathin ALD TiN layers ('Dead Cow van der Pauws') during the fabrication process after wet chemical etching of the ALD TiN layer stack, showing redeposited photoresist residues of square-shaped contact chain structures (which are located outside the image).
Chloroplast DNA Topoisomerase I from Cauliflower (1991)

An ATP-independent DNA topoisomerase has been isolated from chloroplasts of cauliflower leaves (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) through DEAE-cellulose, AF-blue Toyopearl, and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The sedimentation coefficient and Stokes radius of this enzyme are 3.6S and 3.6 nm, respectively, and the molecular weight of native enzyme is estimated to be 54,000. This enzyme changes the linking number in steps of one. The enzyme activity is stimulated by MgCl2, and this enzyme shows optimum activity at 30 degrees C in the range of 3 mM MgCl2 + 100 mM KCl-10 mM MgCl2 + 50 mM KCl. The enzyme activity was reduced remarkably by N-ethylmaleimide, indicating that a free sulfhydryl group is important for the activity; heparin and ellipticine also reduced the activity. Both cauliflower chloroplast topoisomerase and spinach chloroplast topoisomerase can relax positive supercoils as well as negative supercoils. From these properties, cauliflower chloroplast topoisomerase can be classified as a eukaryotic type I DNA topoisomerase.
Cigarette smoking, cytochrome P450 1A1 polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study. (1998)

Environmental exposure to carcinogens may contribute to increasing breast cancer rates and geographic variation in breast cancer incidence in the United States. One class of chemicals that has received much attention are the polyaromatic hydrocarbons that are ubiquitous in the environment and occur in cigarette smoke. The cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene codes for an enzyme that contributes to aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, which is involved in the metabolism of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Genotypic variants of CYP1A1 have been associated with increased aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, and some epidemiological studies suggest that women with the variant genotype(s) are at increased risk for breast cancer. We prospectively evaluated the associations between the CYP1A1 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk, as well as the potential modification of these associations by cigarette smoking, in a case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study. We analyzed the T-->C transition at nucleotide 6235 (MspI) and the A-->G transition at nucleotide 4889 (exon 7) in CYP1A1 by PCR-RFLP assays among 466 incident breast cancer cases and 466 matched controls. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to quantify the risk of breast cancer among subjects who had at least one variant allele relative to subjects who were homozygous for the wild-type allele, using conditional logistic regression. No overall increase in breast cancer risk with the variant CYP1A1 genotypes was apparent (RR(MspI), 1.05; 95% CI, 0.74-1.50 and RR(exon7), 0.88; 95% CI, 0.58-1.33). However, a suggestive increase in breast cancer risk was observed among women who had commenced smoking before the age of 18 and had the CYP1A1-MspI variant genotype compared to nonsmokers who were homozygous wild type for the polymorphism (RR, 5.65; 95% CI, 1.50-21.3; percentage of all breast cancer cases attributable to this risk factor, 2.5%). A similar gene-environment association was observed for the exon 7 polymorphism (RR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.11-11.7; percentage of all breast cancer cases attributable to this risk factor, 2.2%). These data are compatible with the hypothesis that cigarette smoking early in life is a modifiable cause of breast cancer in a subpopulation of genetically susceptible women. However, the proportion of breast cancer attributable to cigarette smoking at a young age among Caucasian women with the variant form of the CYP1A1 polymorphisms is low.
Vulnerability testinh of WAP based on extended syntax analysis (2009)

An extend vulnerability testing method for communication protocol is brought forward first, which is combined protocol Syntax analysis with Petri Net system. Then vulnerability testing of implementation of WAP protocol is made and the process is analyzed to prove the feasibility of the method.
DEVELOPMENT AND USES OF HARD-GRADE ASPHALT AND OF HIGH-MODULUS ASPHALT MIXES IN FRANCE (2001)

Hard-grade paving asphalts, i.e., those having a penetration at 25 deg C lower than 25 mm/10, have experienced in France a significant development over the past 20 years. A brief review of the evolution of asphalts in France is provided, mentioning the current recommendations for the selection of asphalts and the rheological characteristics of the different hard asphalts produced in France. Data on the effect of rolling thin-film-oven and pressure-aging-vessel tests are given. Then high-modulus asphalt mixes are discussed. The different types of application of hot-mix asphalt concrete (HMAC) are indicated. Information is given about the composition of HMAC together with the current specifications in Association Francaise de Normalisation standards. Results are presented with respect to compactibility with the gyratory shear compactor, stiffness, resistance to rutting and to fatigue cracking, and about field performance. Two examples illustrate the potential economical benefit when making use of HMAC in new pavements instead of conventional base asphalt concrete.
Automatic Tracking of<i>Escherichia Coli</i>in Phase-Contrast Microscopy Video (2008)

In this paper, we present an automatic method for estimating the trajectories of Escherichia coli bacteria from in vivo phase-contrast microscopy. To address the low-contrast boundaries in cellular images, an adaptive kernel-based technique is applied to detect cells in each frame. In addition to intensity features, region homogeneity measure and class uncertainty are also applied in this detection technique. To track cells with complex motion, a novel matching gain measure is introduced to cope with the challenges, particularly the presence of low-contrast boundary, the variations of appearance, and the frequent overlapping and occlusion. For multicell tracking over time, an optimal matching strategy is introduced to improve the handling of cell collision and broken trajectories. The results of successful tracking of Escherichia coli from various phase-contrast sequences are reported and compared with manually determined trajectories, as well as those obtained from existing tracking schemes. The stability of the algorithm with different parameter values is also analyzed and discussed.
Characterization of highly dealuminated faujasite-type zeolites: ultrastable zeolite Y and ZSM-20 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of highly dealuminated faujasite-type zeolites: ultrastable zeolite Y and ZSM-20Hans Miessner, Hendrik Kosslick, Ursula Lohse, Barbara Parlitz, and Vu Anh TuanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 38, 9741–9748Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100140a034https://doi.org/10.1021/j100140a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views824Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Preparation and Characterization of Polylactic Acid Microspheres Containing Water-Soluble Anesthetics with Small Molecular Weight. (1997)

Polylactic acid (PLA) microspheres containing water-soluble anesthetics (phenobarbital sodium, pentobarbital sodium, procaine hydrochloride, lidocaine hydrochloride, or dibucaine hydrochloride) with low molecular weight were prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation method, and the optimization of preparative conditions was performed. In the microencapsulation of sodium salt anesthetics (phenobarbital sodium, pentobarbital sodium) into PLA matrix, the addition of NaCl (10% (w/v)) into the external aqueous phase and the choice of comparatively high concentration of PLA (16% (w/v)) in CH2Cl2 significantly improved drug loading efficiency compared to the case when no additives were added to the external aqueous phase, or low PLA concentration (4% (w/v)) in CH2Cl2 was employed in the manufacturing process. The loading efficiency of hydrochloride salt anesthetics (procaine hydrochloride, lidocaine hydrochloride, or dibucaine hydrochloride) in PLA microspheres, in constract, was dramatically improved using the alkalic buffer solution as the external aqueous phase. The mean volume diameter was obtained in the region of 20-30 μm and normal distribution for prepared microspheres in all cases. PLA microspheres containing 10% (theoretical) of various anesthetics exhibited so-called burst releases, but, some portion of the loaded anesthetics still remained in the microspheres at 7 d.
Functional Roles of an ERG Current Isolated in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons (2003)

Transcripts encoding ERG potassium channels are expressed by most neurons of the CNS. By patch-clamp whole cell recording from Purkinje neurons in slices of young (5-9 days old) mouse cerebellum we have been able to isolate a tail current [IK(ERG)] with the same characteristics as previously described for ERG channels. In zero external Ca2+ and high K+ (40 mM) the V1/2 of activation was -50.7 mV, the V1/2 of inactivation was -70.6 mV, and the deactivation rate was double exponential and voltage dependent. IK(ERG) was 93.0% blocked by WAY-123,398 (1 microM) and 78.2% by haloperidol (2 microM). The role of IK(ERG) on evoked firing was studied in adult mice, where WAY-123,398 application decreased the first spike latency, increased the firing frequency, and suppressed the frequency adaptation. However, the shape of individual action potentials was not affected. Stimulation of presynaptic climbing fibers evoked the Purkinje neuron "complex spike," composed of an initial spike and several spikelets. IK(ERG) block caused an increase of the number of spikelets of the "complex spike." These data show, for the first time, an IK(ERG) in a neuron of the CNS, the cerebellar Purkinje neuron, and indicate that such a current is involved in the control of membrane excitability, firing frequency adaptation, and in determining the effects of the climbing fiber synapse.
Assessment of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in stroke using SPECT and N-isopropyl-(I-123)-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP). (1984)

In this study we assessed regional cerebral blood flow in patients with signs and symptoms of acute stroke using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine (IMP). Twenty-five patients with acute cerebral infarction had both IMP brain perfusion studies and CT scans performed within one week of each other; 22 had positive and three had negative perfusion studies. Of the 22 patients who had positive perfusion studies, six had negative CT studies initially. In the 16 patients who had abnormal CT studies, eight of the studies depicted areas of edema that were smaller than the perfusion deficits noted on the IMP studies and eight had areas of edema that were approximately equal in size to the perfusion defect. Of the three patients with normal IMP studies, two had normal CT studies and one had a positive CT study showing a 3-mm lacunar infarction. Using eight control patients, mean count rates per tissue volume normalized for the injected dose was calculated. Similarly, the quantitative data from regions of interest in the stroke patients were calculated and compared to the control patients or to a normal region in the uninvolved hemisphere in the same patients. SPECT with IMP was used to assess regional brain perfusion in acute cerebral infarction. Perfusion abnormalities were seen in our patients when the CT scan was normal, and quantitative data could be used to approximate regional cerebral blood flow in these patients when compared to the normal patient population.
Can Membrane Cascades Replace Chromatography? Adapting Binary Ideal Cascade Theory of Systems of Two Solutes in a Single Solvent (2005)

Abstract It is suggested that the adoption of efficient counterflow cascades may accelerate the continuing encroachment of membranes on chromatography for downstream processing of biologicals, and a specific numerical example is provided to demonstrate their effectiveness. Emphasis is on three‐stage ideal cascades, and it is shown that one may begin using the traditional batch operating mode. Conversion to continuous operation is then both simple and straightforward. Membrane cascades are the only means so far available for true continuous downstream processing of therapeutic proteins, which is a natural extension of the continuous upstream processes already beginning to be used for industrial production. Membranes are also attractive for larger entities such as plasmids or viruses whose low diffusivities can severely limit use of chromatographic processes.
Quantitation of DNA adduct of thymidylyl(3′‐5′)thymidine methyl phosphotriester by liquid chromatography/negative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (2005)

A rapid and selective method based on liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) has been developed for the direct quantitation of a methyl phosphotriester DNA adduct, thymidyl (3'-5') thymidine [dTp(Me)dT] from enzymatic hydrolysates of DNA (either in vitro DNA or in cell culture) treated with MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea) or MMS (methyl methane sulfonate). The lower limit of quantitation was 2 ng/mL. Linearity of the calibration curve was greater than 0.999 from 2 to 1000 ng/mL. Intraday precision for four levels of quality controls ranged from 2.8 to 20.1%, and interday precision ranged from 2.9 to 5.6%. This method was used to quantify the levels of dTp(Me)dT in enzymatic hydrolysates of DNA obtained from a series of incubations of salmon testis DNA or mouse lymphoma cells with either MNU or MMS.
Clinical research update (1997)

The prolonged administration of bisphosphonates can reduce the frequency of morbid skeletal events in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma or multiple myeloma. The development of more potent bisphosphonates will simplify current therapeutic schemes and could improve the therapeutic effectiveness of bisphosphonate therapy. Zoledronate (CGP-42446) is the most potent of the clinically tested compounds. It is a cyclic third-generation bisphosphonate that is 100-850 times more active than pamidronate in several in vivo and in vitro pharmacological test systems. The first therapeutic trial with zoledronate has been performed in patients with tumor-induced hypercalcemia (corrected calcium [Ca] > 2.75 mmol/L after rehydration). In a Phase I multicenter trial, it was shown that a single infusion was already effective at dose levels of 0.02 and 0.04 mg of zoledronate/kg bodyweight, thus 1.2 and 2.4 mg total dose for an average 60-kg individual. Five of 5 patients became normocalcemic after a dose of 0.02 mg/kg, and 14 of 15 (93%) after a dose of 0.04 mg/kg. The median time to normalization of serum Ca was 2 days and the median duration of action was 33 days, suggesting that zoledronate has a faster onset and a longer duration of action than other clinically tested bisphosphonates. Zoledronate was well tolerated; the only side effect was an increase in body temperature in 30% of the cases, which was probably not drug-related in many patients. A Phase I trial also has been initiated in patients with lytic bone metastases. Zoledronate was given as monthly short infusions (5-30 minutes) at doses between 0.1-8.0 mg. There was an analgesic effect and even at low doses (2 mg and above), the effects on the biochemical markers of bone resorption appeared to be greater than after 90-mg pamidronate infusions. These initial human data suggest that zoledronate can be administered as convenient short intravenous infusions and lead to a more marked and a more prolonged inhibition of bone resorption than is currently possible with available compounds. Future trials will have to determine whether prolonged treatment with this extremely potent bisphosphonate also can have a greater effect on the morbidity of bone metastases.
Optical Johnson noise thermometry (1989)

Method and device for direct, non-contact temperature measure of a body. A laser beam is reflected from the surface of the body and detected along with the Planck radiation. The detected signal is analyzed using signal correlation technique to generate an output signal proportional to the Johnson noise introduced into the reflected laser beam as a direct measure of the absolute temperature of the body.
The Classification and Nomenclature of Clay Minerals (1959)

A report is given of the decisions reached at a meeting on the classification and nomenclature of clay minerals held under the auspices of Comite International pour l’Etude des Argiles at Brussels in July 1958. Tables of recently-proposed classification systems are included and some comments made on problems requiring agreement.
Claims of Locality (2007)

This chapter demonstrates the intricacies and challenges involved in claiming a new place as one's own. The local–refugee dialectic and the process of refugees successfully claiming the locality forms the core of this chapter. The Muslim migrants from India with their labels as Muhajirs came to Pakistan feeling that they had sacrificed their homes and livelihood to help the making of a Muslim state. Sources of livelihood emerge as a form of association that ties people with places. The Delhi residents seem cosmopolitan in their approach since they are found lacking in the provincial feelings of unity. It is apparent that the refugees had produced a distinct urban space for themselves. It also shows that the Punjabi migrants have been able to resettle themselves in Delhi successfully.
The Superiority Analysis of Linear Frequency Modulation and Barker Code Composite Radar Signal (2013)

This paper introduces the advantages of a new type of radar signal. This signal adopts the linear frequency modulation in the pulse modulation mode and phase coded modulation method between pulses. In this paper, we use the ambiguity function theory and LPI theory to analyses the composite radar signal. Analysis result shows the superiority of the signal.
Functional expression of P-glycoprotein encoded by the mouse mdr3 gene in yeast cells. (1993)

We have expressed P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by the mouse mdr3 gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and have developed an experimental protocol to isolate and purify inside-out plasma membrane vesicles (IOVs) from these cells. Biochemical characterization of IOVs from control and P-gp-expressing cells isolated by this procedure show that they are greatly enriched for plasma membrane markers, are tightly sealed, and are competent for D-glucose transport. P-gp expression in these vesicles results in the appearance of a specific ATP-dependent and temperature-sensitive transport of the drugs colchicine and vinblastine that is osmotically sensitive. P-gp-mediated drug transport into these IOVs is inhibited by a known P-gp modulator, verapamil, and can be abrogated by prior incubation of the IOVs with an anti-P-gp antibody. A Ser-939-->Phe mutation within the predicted transmembrane domain 11 of P-gp, which is known to modulate its function in mammalian cells, drastically reduces drug transport in IOVs obtained from yeast cells expressing the mutant protein. The successful demonstration of active drug transport into IOVs from P-gp-expressing yeast cells indicates that P-gp can mediate both chemotherapeutic drugs and a-pheromone transport in yeast cells.
A Hybrid Modular Multilevel Voltage Source Converter for HVDC Power Transmission (2013)

HVDC transmission systems are becoming increasingly popular when compared to conventional ac transmission. HVDC voltage source converters (VSCs) can offer advantages over traditional HVDC current source converter topologies, and as such, it is expected that HVDC VSCs will be further exploited with the growth of HVDC transmission. This paper presents a novel modular multilevel converter hybrid VSC intended for the HVDC market. The concept of the converter operation is described based on steady-state ac-dc power balance. Techniques for dynamic voltage control, enabling the active and reactive powers exchanged with the grid to be controlled, are introduced. Simulation results further illustrate the theory of operation of the converter and confirm the viability of the proposed control approaches. Detailed predictions of the semiconductor losses confirm the potential to achieve very high efficiencies with this topology. Experimental results are provided to validate the presented converter operation.