gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of Merlin in malignant mesothelioma cells and the Hippo signaling cascade dysregulation (2011)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor arising primarily from pleural or peritoneal cavities, which is caused by asbestos exposure after long latency. One of the most frequently mutated genes detected in MM cells is the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene which is located at chromosome 22q12. The NF2 gene encodes Merlin, an ERM (Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin) protein. The underphosphorylated form of Merlin is active and acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating several distinct cellular signaling pathways. One of the downstream pathways regulated by Merlin is the Hippo signaling pathway, which is conserved from Drosophila to mammalian cells and plays important roles in organ size control and cancer development. Recent studies have identified alterations of the components in the Hippo signaling cascade in MM cells, including overexpression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and inactivation of large tumor suppressor homolog 2 (LATS2). Dysregulation of the Merlin-Hippo signaling cascade is one of the frequent and key events of MM cell development and/or progression. Thus, a strategy to normalize this signaling cascade may be the rationale for developing a new target therapy against MM.
Two‐step formation of methane–propane mixed gas hydrates in a batch‐type reactor (2004)

Abstract Vapor compositions of methane and propane mixed gas in a batch‐type reactor were measured by gas chromatography during hydrate crystallization at 274 K with molar ratios of propane below 10 vol %. The volume ratio of propane in the vapor decreased as the hydrate crystallization progressed. When the initial propane concentration was between 4 and 8 vol %, rapid gas consumption occurred for about 1 h, causing an initial pressure drop, and after a temporary stabilization of the pressure, a second pressure drop occurred; that is, hydrate crystallization occurred in two steps. X‐Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic analyses on samples taken from the reactor during each step revealed that the structure II methane–propane mixed gas hydrates crystallized in the first step, and structure I methane hydrates in the second step. This process was observed only when the partial pressure of methane was above the equilibrium pressure of methane hydrate at the end of the first step. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 518–523, 2004
Image Restoration Using Very Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Networks with Symmetric Skip Connections (2016)

In this paper, we propose a very deep fully convolutional encoding-decoding framework for image restoration such as denoising and super-resolution. The network is composed of multiple layers of convolution and de-convolution operators, learning end-to-end mappings from corrupted images to the original ones. The convolutional layers act as the feature extractor, which capture the abstraction of image contents while eliminating noises/corruptions. De-convolutional layers are then used to recover the image details. We propose to symmetrically link convolutional and de-convolutional layers with skip-layer connections, with which the training converges much faster and attains a higher-quality local optimum. First, The skip connections allow the signal to be back-propagated to bottom layers directly, and thus tackles the problem of gradient vanishing, making training deep networks easier and achieving restoration performance gains consequently. Second, these skip connections pass image details from convolutional layers to de-convolutional layers, which is beneficial in recovering the original image. Significantly, with the large capacity, we can handle different levels of noises using a single model. Experimental results show that our network achieves better performance than all previously reported state-of-the-art methods.
Regiospecific Amination of 3-Substituted Pyridines Using Imidoyl Chloride Functionalized Polystyrene (1987)

Amination d'oxydes-1 de R-3 pyridines par des chlorures d'imidoyle sur support copoly (styrene-divinylbenzene): obtention de R-5 amino-2 pyridines
Real-time, embedded fuzzy control of the pioneer3-DX robot for path following (2008)

This paper presents a microcontroller implementation of a fuzzy logic control algorithm applied to the mobile robot Pioneer3-DX. The design and implementation of the fuzzy controller is described. Both speed and steering control are achieved using the same real-time fuzzy controller. The description starts with an example for a circular path following, then presents an implementation of the algorithms for following a generalized curve path.
Wideband chirp measurement technique for high bitrate sources (1994)

A Mach Zehnder (MZ) interferometer has been used as an optical discriminator to measure the time-resolved frequency chirp of an optical source.
Acid sphingomyelinase is activated in sickle cell erythrocytes and contributes to inflammatory microparticle generation in SCD (2014)

Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing a backbone of sphingoid bases that can be produced de novo through the reaction of palmitate and serine and further metabolized through the activity of various enzymes to produce intermediates with diverse roles in cellular processes and signal transduction. One of these intermediates, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), is stored at high concentrations (1 μM) in red blood cells (RBCs) and directs a wide array of cellular processes mediated by 5 known G-protein coupled receptors (S1P1-S1P5). In this study, we show that RBC membrane alterations in sickle cell disease enhance the activation acid sphingomyelinase by 13%, resulting in increased production and storage of sphingosine (2.6-fold) and S1P (3.5-fold). We also show that acid sphingomyelinase enhances RBC-derived microparticle (MP) generation. These MPs are internalized by myeloid cells and promote proinflammatory cytokine secretion and endothelial cell adhesion, suggesting that potential crosstalk between circulating inflammatory cells and MPs may contribute to the inflammation-rooted pathogenesis of the disease. Treatment with amitriptyline reduces MP generation in vitro and in vivo and might be used to mitigate inflammatory processes in sickle cell disease.
Meta‐analysis: the effects of <i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i> supplementation on <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication rates and side effects during treatment (2010)

In patients with H. pylori infection, there is evidence to recommend the use of S. boulardii along with standard triple therapy as an option for increasing the eradication rates and decreasing overall therapy-related side effects, particularly diarrhoea.
Serious Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in AIDS. (1994)

During a 7-year period, 32 patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection were identified on an HIV treatment service at a university-affiliated teaching hospital. The number of cases increased from 2 in 1986 to 13 in 1992. Affected patients had evidence of advanced HIV infection. In those treated with antiretroviral therapy, 96% of infections occurred > 1 year after initial presentation with HIV disease. Eighteen cases of pneumonia and 14 nonpulmonary (central venous access device, soft tissue, middle ear-mastoid, corneal, and peritoneal) infections were seen. Comparison with matched controls identified use of a central venous access device and administration of aerosolized pentamidine, corticosteroids, or ganciclovir as risk factors for infection (odds ratios, 5.3, 6.5, 15.0, and 9.0, respectively; p = 0.004, 0.007, 0.02, and 0.02, respectively). Seventy-five percent of cases had community onset, but time since last hospital discharge was significantly shorter in study patients than in controls (mean difference, -85 days; 95% confidence interval, -24 to -146; p = 0.01). Among evaluable cases, outcome was fatal (survival < or = 30 days) in 2 of 16 (13%) patients in whom initial antibiotic therapy was appropriate and 8 of 14 (57%) patients in whom initial therapy was not appropriate (p = 0.016). Ten recurrent infections were seen in 8 of 21 patients who survived the initial infection. Median survival after onset of infection was only 80 days. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is an increasingly frequent, severe complication of advanced HIV disease. Several treatment and prevention strategies used in the management of advanced HIV disease are associated with an increased risk of infection.
Polarization-independent longitudinal multi-focusing metalens (2015)

A novel multi-focusing metalens in the longitudinal direction has been proposed and investigated based on the equal optical path principle, which is independent on the incident polarizations and can be suitable for both of the linear and circular polarization incidences simultaneously. Here, three novel designing principles: partitioned mode, radial alternating mode and angular alternating mode, have been proposed firstly for constructing different types of the longitudinal multi-focusing metalenses. The performances of the designed metalenses based on the different designed methods have also been analyzed and investigated in detail, and the intensity ratio of the focusing spots can be tuned easily by modulating the numbers of the relative type of nanoantennas, which is significant for the micro-manipulating optics and the multi-imaging technology in the integrated optics.
Independent control elements that determine yolk protein gene expression in alternative Drosophila tissues. (1985)

The adjacent and divergently transcribed yp1 and yp2 genes of Drosophila were separated at a site that is 342 base pairs upstream of yp2 and 883 base pairs upstream of yp1. Each gene was separately used to transform Drosophila germ-line-producing flies with a single copy of the introduced gene. Transcripts from the introduced genes were found only in adult females. Thus, the introduced genes maintain the sex- and time-specific expression pattern of the endogenous yp genes. However, the pattern of tissue-specific expression differed among the two introduced genes and the endogenous genes. Transcripts from both of the endogenous genes are found in fat bodies and ovaries. In contrast, transcripts from the introduced yp1 gene are found only in fat bodies, and those from the introduced yp2 gene are found only in ovaries. Thus, each introduced DNA segment lacks at least one of the cis-acting elements required for the normal pattern of tissue-specific expression. These results indicate that the expression of a yp gene in different tissues is determined by different cis-acting elements.
Deep learning and the information bottleneck principle (2015)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are analyzed via the theoretical framework of the information bottleneck (IB) principle. We first show that any DNN can be quantified by the mutual information between the layers and the input and output variables. Using this representation we can calculate the optimal information theoretic limits of the DNN and obtain finite sample generalization bounds. The advantage of getting closer to the theoretical limit is quantifiable both by the generalization bound and by the network's simplicity. We argue that both the optimal architecture, number of layers and features/connections at each layer, are related to the bifurcation points of the information bottleneck tradeoff, namely, relevant compression of the input layer with respect to the output layer. The hierarchical representations at the layered network naturally correspond to the structural phase transitions along the information curve. We believe that this new insight can lead to new optimality bounds and deep learning algorithms.
Capped versus capless heat treatment of molecular beam epitaxial GaAs (1982)

Both capless and Si3N4 capped annealing of molecular beam epitaxial n-GaAs were investigated by photoluminescence and computerized deep level spectroscopy. It was found that the 1.507-eV emission bands (defect exciton) and the 1.4934-eV (carbon) and the 0.83-eV (EL2) electron trap are greatly enhanced after Si3N4 encapsulated annealing at 700 °C. These features were not observed in capless annealed material. It is concluded that capless annealing using an InAs ambient can avoid surface impurity, drive in, and stress effects in the MBE film. In addition, Si3N4 capping causes surface topographic degradation on annealing, whereas capless annealing does not.
APPROACHES TO QUOTIDIAN DIALYSIS: The Aksys Personal Hemodialysis System (2004)

The Aksys personal hemodialysis system empowers patients to dialyze where, when, and how they want. It allows them to easily do the best dialysis--daily hemodialysis--in the safest place--at home--by simplifying operation (almost anyone can do it), doing the drudgery work of dialysis (the patient is the master, not the slave of the dialysis machine, giving patients their lives back), needing no bulky disposables (patients have their homes back), reducing emergencies during dialysis, and performing immediate fluid resuscitation on demand.
Invisible Frontiers: The Race to Synthesize a Human Gene (1987)

In 1976 gene-splicing and cloning seemed like terms from science fiction. Stephen Hall relates how three groups of eminent molecular biologists became engaged in a quest to turn fantasy into reality and be the first to synthesize human genes. Following the scientists from congressional hearings in Washington, to top-secret laboratories in England and France, the author tells the story of the personalities involved in this historic quest and describes them at work. He describes the exhaustive nature of laboratory work and the scientific theory behind it. This story recounts the birth of the idea offeing a behind-the-scenes account and examining the enormous implications for us all.
A room temperature electrically pumped 1.3-&#x00B5;m InAs quantum dot laser monolithically grown on silicon substrates (2011)

We present a room-temperature 1.3-μm InAs/GaAs quantum dot laser monolithically grown on Si(100). The threshold current at 20°C was 725A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the emission wavelength was 1.302μm. The laser was operated in pulsed mode. The growth was enabled via the optimisation of the temperature of the initial nucleation layer of GaAs.
The Compatibility Problem in Single-Sideband Transmission (1960)

Under the assumption of simultaneous amplitude and phase modulation of a carrier, a study is made of the relations that must hold between the envelope and the phase of a single-sideband wave. In particular, it is shown that absolute compatibility with standard AM receivers employing a linear envelope detector cannot possibly be achieved with the spectral economy of conventional single sideband. On the other hand, if one conveys the message function in the square of the envelope rather than in the envelope itself, it is shown that a phase function can be found for which the hybrid wave occupies a spectral width equal to that of a conventional single-sideband (SSB) system. Distortionless detection is achieved with a square-law envelope detector. The operations required to generate this square-law SSB signal are described in detail.
Multicarrier modulation for narrowband PCS (1994)

Investigation of multicarrier modulation has demonstrated the feasibility of using this modulation format to deliver relatively high channel bit rates (24 kbps) to a low cost, pager-like personal communications service (PCS) terminal that enjoys long battery life (e.g., one month on a few pen-light cells). This is to be compared to the 1200 bps carried by typical current paging systems or the 6250 bps attained by the new ERMES paging system. While more complex modulation formats, such as PSK and QAM, might achieve higher bit rates in less (power, size, cost) constrained environments, amplitude keying of the component subcarriers allows simple noncoherent energy detection that is found to be robust in this short message delivery application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prebiotic fibres dose-dependently increase satiety hormones and alter Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in lean and obese JCR:LA-cp rats (2011)

There is a growing interest in modulating gut microbiota with diet in the context of obesity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of prebiotics (inulin and oligofructose) on gut satiety hormones, energy expenditure, gastric emptying and gut microbiota. Male lean and obese JCR:LA-cp rats were randomised to either of the following: lean 0 % fibre (LC), lean 10 % fibre (LF), lean 20 % fibre (LHF), obese 0 % fibre (OC), obese 10 % fibre (OF) or obese 20 % fibre (OHF). Body composition, gastric emptying, energy expenditure, plasma satiety hormone concentrations and gut microbiota (using quantitative PCR) were measured. Caecal proglucagon and peptide YY mRNA levels were up-regulated 2-fold in the LF, OF and OHF groups and 3-fold in the LHF group. Ghrelin O-acyltransferase mRNA levels were higher in obese v. lean rats and decreased in the OHF group. Plasma ghrelin response was attenuated in the LHF group. Microbial species measured in the Bacteroidetes division decreased, whereas those in the Firmicutes increased in obese v. lean rats and improved with prebiotic intake. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased in the OHF v. OC group. Bacteroides and total bacteria negatively correlated with percentage of body fat and body weight. Enterobacteriaceae increased in conjunction with glucose area under the curve (AUC) and glucagon-like peptide-1 AUC. Bacteroides and total bacteria correlated positively with ghrelin AUC yet negatively with insulin AUC and energy intake (P < 0·05). Several of the mechanisms through which prebiotics act (food intake, satiety hormones and alterations in gut microbiota) are regulated in a dose-dependent manner. The combined effects of prebiotics may have therapeutic potential for obesity.
NF-kappaB activation in light-induced retinal degeneration in a mouse model. (2002)

Intense light activated NF-kappaB in the photoreceptor cells in vivo, increased the NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity, and increased the expression of mRNA of IkappaBalpha, a target gene of NF-kappaB.
Ultrahigh strain and piezoelectric behavior in relaxor based ferroelectric single crystals (1997)

The piezoelectric properties of relaxor based ferroelectric single crystals, such as Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 were investigated for electromechanical actuators. In contrast to polycrystalline materials such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, morphotropic phase boundary compositions were not essential for high piezoelectric strain. Piezoelectric coefficients (d33’s)&gt;2500 pC/N and subsequent strain levels up to &gt;0.6% with minimal hysteresis were observed. Crystallographically, high strains are achieved for 〈001〉 oriented rhombohedral crystals, although 〈111〉 is the polar direction. Ultrahigh strain levels up to 1.7%, an order of magnitude larger than those available from conventional piezoelectric and electrostrictive ceramics, could be achieved being related to an E-field induced phase transformation. High electromechanical coupling (k33)&gt;90% and low dielectric loss &lt;1%, along with large strain make these crystals promising candidates for high performance solid state actuators.
A method of bad data identification based on wavelet analysis in power system (2012)

Historic load data are so distorted by kind of influential factors that results in the false analyzed results of the EMS and DMS advanced application software. In fact, bad data are regarded as singularity points or anomalous sharp parts in load data curve. Discrete dyadic wavelet transform can be used to detect positions and characters of the local singularity points in the noisy surroundings. In this paper a method based on the wavelet singularity detection and the wavelet de-noising scheme is presented for bad data identification in power system. It uses modulus maxima value to identify the local singularity of signal, and its process is simpler than complicated bad data identification of state estimation. The validity of the algorithm is proved by real data analysis.
Residual limb volume change: Systematic review of measurement and management (2011)

Management of residual limb volume affects decisions regarding timing of fit of the first prosthesis, when a new prosthetic socket is needed, design of a prosthetic socket, and prescription of accommodation strategies for daily volume fluctuations. This systematic review assesses what is known about measurement and management of residual limb volume change in persons with lower-limb amputation. Publications that met inclusion criteria were grouped into three categories: group I: descriptions of residual limb volume measurement techniques; group II: studies investigating the effect of residual limb volume change on clinical care in people with lower-limb amputation; and group III: studies of residual limb volume management techniques or descriptions of techniques for accommodating or controlling residual limb volume. We found that many techniques for the measurement of residual limb volume have been described but clinical use is limited largely because current techniques lack adequate resolution and in-socket measurement capability. Overall, limited evidence exists regarding the management of residual limb volume, and the evidence available focuses primarily on adults with transtibial amputation in the early postoperative phase. While we can draw some insights from the available research about residual limb volume measurement and management, further research is required.
Measurement of Water Vapor Pressure and Activity Using Infrared Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (1993)

A mid-infrared laser technique is described for the accurate determination of water vapor concentration in the headspace above a liquid sample. The method is based on the measurement of the fractional absorption, at line center, of a single ro-vibrational line. A dual-beam optical arrangement, incorporating a reference vapor cell, is used to provide an active calibration for the measurement. It is shown how the absorption signals can be related to the water activity of a liquid sample. The technique has the advantages of being noninvasive, rapid, and signal-specific to water. It does, however, intrinsically have a nonlinear response to activity. This drawback is mainly a consequence of pressure broadening, and has limited the present measurements to sample temperatures in the range 268 to 293 K. In this regime the method gives a precision of ±1% for activities near unity. This limit is imposed by small fluctuations in certain environmental variables. Suitable modifications should enable operation at the ±0.1% level of accuracy over an extended temperature range.
Introduction to Grid Computing (2009)

A Thorough Overview of the Next Generation in ComputingPoised to follow in the footsteps of the Internet, grid computing is on the verge of becoming more robust and accessible to the public in the near future. Focusing on this novel, yet already powerful, technology, Introduction to Grid Computing explores state-of-the-art grid projects, core grid
Intraoperative Periprosthetic Fractures During Total Hip Arthroplasty (2008)

Intraoperative periprosthetic fractures are becoming more common given the increased prevalence of revision total hip arthroplasty and increased use of cementless fixation. Risk factors for intraoperative periprosthetic fractures include the use of minimally invasive techniques; the use of press-fit cementless stems; revision operations, especially when a long cementless stem is used or when a short stem with impaction allografting is used; female sex; metabolic bone disease; bone diseases leading to altered morphology such as Paget disease; and technical errors at the time of the operation. Appropriate treatment of intraoperative periprosthetic fractures does not compromise the long-term results of total hip arthroplasty unless the bone damage precludes stable fixation of the implant.