gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Generation by Pulsed Gliding Arc Discharge Plasma with Sprays of Alcohol Solutions (2011)

The formation rates and energy yields of H2 formed from methanol, propanol, and ethanol solutions exposed to a nonthermal pulsed plasma-gliding arc reactor equipped with a spray nozzle were determined. The H2 energy yield formation was the highest with Ar carrier and pure methanol giving 176 ± 25% kW h at the highest liquid flow rate. This value is higher than other reported plasma technologies and within error of the energy yields for more conventional thermal reforming. Liquid droplets can enhance energy yield; however, the low chemical yields of H2 suggest the need for reactor operation with a recycle stream.
SLALOM: semiconductor laser amplifier in a loop mirror (1995)

The processing of optical signals in the optical domain is an important issue resulting from the desire to take advantage of the full bandwidth of the optical fiber. In this paper, we present detailed investigations on a device, which utilizes a semiconductor laser amplifier in a loop mirror configuration (SLALOM). Different modes of operation are reported like nonlinear single pulse switching and two-pulse switching at different operation speeds (1-100 Gb/s). Furthermore, a number of applications of the SLALOM in photonic systems, like pulse shaping, decoding, retiming and time-division demultiplexing, are presented. In addition, the SLALOM can be used for an estimate of the linewidth enhancement factor /spl alpha/ and the carrier lifetime /spl tau//sub e/ in an SLA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nonlinear processes responsible for nondegenerate four-wave mixing in quantum-dot optical amplifiers (2000)

Wavelength conversion using nondegenerate four-wave mixing in quantum-dot optical amplifiers is investigated. From the detuning frequency dependence of χ(3), derived from the conversion efficiency, we consider that, within the range of detuning in the experiment, spectral-hole burning and carrier heating are responsible, and that their time constants, i.e., carrier relaxation time to the ground state and the phonon scattering time, are in the range of 60–140 and 200–400 fs, respectively. This indicates that the carrier supply to the ground level via relaxation from the higher levels is very fast and that a broad conversion bandwidth comparable to that of quantum-well devices is ensured.
Two Highly Conserved Cysteine Residues in HPV16 L2 Form an Intramolecular Disulfide Bond and Are Critical for Infectivity in Human Keratinocytes (2009)

L2 residues C22 and C28 are bound as an intramolecular disulfide bond in HPV16 virions and are necessary for infectivity. Previous work has suggested that the furin-dependent exposure of the 17-36 epitope and subsequent interaction of this region with an unknown receptor is necessary for egress from the endo/lysosomal compartment and infection. Identification of the C22-C28 disulfide suggests that reduction of this disufide bond may be necessary for exposure of 17-36 and HPV16 infection.
A proinflammatory chemokine, CCL3, sensitizes the heat- and capsaicin-gated ion channel TRPV1 (2005)

Pain, a critical component of host defense, is one hallmark of the inflammatory response. We therefore hypothesized that pain might be exacerbated by proinflammatory chemokines. To test this hypothesis, CCR1 was cotransfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells together with transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a cation channel required for certain types of thermal hyperalgesia. In these cells, capsaicin and anandamide induced Ca(2+) influx mediated by TRPV1. When CCR1:TRPV1/HEK293 cells were pretreated with CCL3, the sensitivity of TRPV1, as indicated by the Ca(2+) influx, was increased approximately 3-fold. RT-PCR analysis showed that a spectrum of chemokine and cytokine receptors is expressed in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Immunohistochemical staining of DRG showed that CCR1 is coexpressed with TRPV1 in >85% of small-diameter neurons. CCR1 on DRG neurons was functional, as demonstrated by CCL3-induced Ca(2+) ion influx and PKC activation. Pretreatment with CCL3 enhanced the response of DRG neurons to capsaicin or anandamide. This sensitization was inhibited by pertussis toxin, U73122, or chelerythrine chloride, inhibitors of Gi-protein, phospholipase C, and protein kinase C, respectively. Intraplantar injection of mice with CCL3 decreased their hot-plate response latency. That a proinflammatory chemokine, by interacting with its receptor on small-diameter neurons, sensitizes TRPV1 reveals a previously undescribed mechanism of receptor cross-sensitization that may contribute to hyperalgesia during inflammation.
SvTPM: A Secure and Efficient vTPM in the Cloud (2019)

Virtual Trusted Platform Modules (vTPMs) have been widely used in commercial cloud platforms (e.g. Google Cloud, VMware Cloud, and Microsoft Azure) to provide virtual root-of-trust for virtual machines. Unfortunately, current state-of-the-art vTPM implementations are suffering from confidential data leakage and high performance overhead. In this paper, we present SvTPM, a secure and efficient software-based vTPM implementation based on hardware-rooted Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), providing a whole life cycle protection of vTPMs in the cloud. SvTPM offers strong isolation protection, so that cloud tenants or even cloud administrators cannot get vTPM's private keys or any other sensitive data. In SvTPM, we identify and solve a couple of critical security challenges for vTPM protection with SGX, such as NVRAM replacement attack, rollback attacks, trust establishment, and a fine-grained trusted clock. We implement a prototype of SvTPM on both QEMU and KVM. Performance evaluation results show that SvTPM achieves orders of magnitude of performance gains comparing to the vTPMs protected with physical TPM. The launch time of SvTPM is 2600$\times$ faster than vTPMs built upon hardware TPM. In the micro-benchmarks evaluation, we find that the command execution latency of SvTPM is smaller than or equal to the existing schemes.
Primary replacement of the fractured radial head with a metal prosthesis (1993)

Compression testing of cadaver specimens showed that excision of the radial head allowed proximal radial displacement. The insertion of a metallic radial head restored normal mechanics, while a silicone rubber implant did not. We reviewed 31 of 36 comminuted fractures of the radial head, 21 associated with dislocation or ulnar fracture, which had been treated by primary replacement with a Vitallium prosthesis. At a mean follow-up of 4.5 years, there was reliable restoration of stability and prevention of proximal radial migration. There had been no dislocations or prosthetic failures, but two implants had been removed for loosening. The prosthesis is recommended for use as a spacer to stabilise the elbow after severe injuries while the soft tissues heal.
Some remarks about unquantized non-Abelian gauge fields (1975)

For unquantized non-Abelian gauge fields, remarks are made on the question of whether the field strengths determine the gauge field, on the dual transformations, and on complex gauge fields.Received 8 September 1975DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.12.3843©1975 American Physical Society
Phase-Dependent Effect of Room Light Exposure in a 5-h Advance of the Sleep-Wake Cycle: Implications for Jet Lag (2002)

The acute disruption in sleep quality, vigilance levels, and cognitive and athletic performance observed after transmeridian flights is presumed to be the result of a transient misalignment between the endogenous circadian pacemaker and the shifted sleep schedule. Several laboratory and field experiments have demonstrated that exposure to bright artificial light can accelerate circadian entrainment to a shifted sleep-wake schedule. In the present study, the authors investigated whether the schedule of exposure to indoor room light, to which urban dwellers are typically exposed, can substantially affect circadian adaptation to a simulated eastward voyage. We enrolled 15 healthy young men in a laboratory simulation of a Montreal-to-London voyage. Subjects were exposed to 6 h of room light (mean +/- SD: 379+/-10) prior to bedtime (n = 7) or when on a progressively advancing schedule (n = 8) early in the day. The remaining 10 hours of wakefulness were spent in dim light (4+/-1 lux). Circadian assessments, performed via the constant routine procedure, evaluated the phase of the endogenous circadian rhythms of core body temperature and plasma melatonin before and after 1 week on the shifted schedule. At the end of the study, only subjects exposed to room light on the advancing schedule expressed oscillations of the endogenous circadian pacemaker in phase with the new sleep-wake cycle. In this group, a mean advance shift of the nadir of core body temperature of +5:22+/-0:15 h was observed, with parallel shifts in plasma melatonin concentration and subjective alertness. The circadian rhythms of subjects exposed to room light later in the day remained much more adjusted to the departure than to the destination time zone. These results demonstrate that the schedule of exposure to room light can substantially affect circadian adaptation to a shifted sleep-wake schedule.
Liposome encapsulation attenuates hemoglobin-induced vasoconstriction in rabbit arterial segments (1997)

Free hemoglobin (Hb) induces a potent vasoconstrictor response that may limit its therapeutic application as a red blood cell replacement. We have investigated whether encapsulation of stroma-free Hb (SFHb) or cross-linked Hb (alpha alpha-Hb) in liposomes modulates Hb vasoactivity in isolated blood vessels. Relaxation of rabbit thoracic vessels was measured before and after exposure to acellular SFHb, alpha alpha-Hb, and liposome-encapsulated SFHb or alpha alpha-Hb. SFHb and alpha alpha-Hb caused significant inhibition of carbachol-induced relaxation at 0.5 mg/dl, whereas encapsulation inhibited vessel relaxation at 30- to 60-fold higher Hb concentrations. The contractile response of rabbit ear arterial segments to electrical stimulation in the presence of acellular alpha alpha-Hb resulted in a 150% increase (EC150) in contractile amplitude at 0.23 mg/dl, whereas the EC150 for encapsulated alpha alpha-Hb was 13.7 mg/dl. Mechanistic studies of the vasoconstrictor activity of Hb demonstrated that acellular alpha alpha-Hb had no effect on norepinephrine release in the rabbit ear artery. In addition, neither acellular nor encapsulated alpha alpha-Hb preparations inhibited endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity isolated from bovine pulmonary artery. However, inhibition of vessel relaxation by acellular or encapsulated alpha alpha-Hb was reversed by the NO donor S-nitrosylpenacillamine, implicating Hb-NO binding as a possible mechanism for the vasoconstrictor response. In vitro stopped-flow kinetic studies of Hb-NO binding showed similar rates of reaction for conversion of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin (metHb; < 2 ms), followed by rapid conversion of metHb to NO-Hb (300 ms) for both acellular and encapsulated alpha alpha-Hb, demonstrating that liposome encapsulation does not retard NO-Hb binding. The attenuated vasoactivity of encapsulated Hb may, therefore, result from the limited access of encapsulated Hb to NO imposed by the physical size of the liposome and reduced penetration of Hb across the vascular endothelium.
Form drag reduction of a bluff-based body with the aid of thin circular-arc vanes. (1986)

An attempt is made to control the wake behind a bluff-based body and to reduce its form drag with the aid of thin circular-arc guide vanes installed at the base corner. Measurements of the drag, base pressure and pressure distribution of the wake, and visualization of the near wake flow are carried out. They are performed over a wide range of the chord length, C, curvature radius, R, setting clearance, S, and Reynolds number, Re. The wake is able to be well controlled by adequately installing guide vanes, and the ase pressure remarkably improves. As a result, the drag coefficient decreases to about 25 per cent. The optimum configuration of vanes is R/B ≃ 1, C/B ≃ 0.5 and S/δ* ≃ 1 or R/B ≃ 0.75, C/B ≃ 0.5 and S/δ≃ 0.5, where B is the body width, and δ and δ* is the boundary layer thickness and its displacement thickness, respectively.
EXTRACTION OF PROTEINS FROM BUCKWHEAT BRAN. (1980)

ABSTRACT Proteins from buckwheat bran were extracted by a wet alkaline extraction process, giving a yield of 37.0%of the total nitrogen in the liquid extract, at pH of 6.5. However, the yield could be improved, given a pretreatment of the bran with carbohydrases, thus producing a yield of 56% with cellulase, 58%with pectinase, whereas the increase was minimal with hemicellulase. The maximum yield of 67.5%was obtained by synergistic action of pectinase and hemicellulase, in a pretreatment lasting for 7 h at pH of 3.7.
Synthesis and phospholipase C inhibitory activity of D609 diastereomers (2002)

Abstract The potassium xanthate D609 is widely accepted as a selective inhibitor of PC‐specific phospholipase C (PC‐PLC). The tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2,6 ]decane skeleton present in D609 can lead to four diastereomeric paris, but the diastereoselectivity of PC‐PLC inhibition has never been reported. In this article, the synthesis of racemic D609 diastereomers and that of other xanthates, as well as their inhibitory effect on PC‐PLC is reported. All xanthates obtained were competitive inhibitors of PC‐PLC from Bacillus cereus (PLC Bc ). No significant differences were found in the activity of D609 diastereomers ( K i 13–17 μM), suggesting the absence of a diastereochemical control of the enzyme by xanthate inhibitors. This result was confirmed after obtaining other potassium xanthates differing from D609 in the aliphatic chain. Among them, the potassium O‐n ‐decenylxanthate was the most active inhibitor of PLC Bc ( K i 10 μM). These data indicate that the essential structural requirements for PLC Bc in vitro inhibition by xanthates are the presence of a Zn‐chelating dithiocarbonate head and a sufficiently hydrophobic aliphatic moiety.
Magnetic Field Deficiency Syndrome and Magnetic Treatment (1976)

Preface 1 I. Advocation of the Magnetic Field Deficiency Syndrome 2 II. Clinical Image of the Syndrome 2 III. Basis for the presence of the Deficiency Syndrome 2 1. Treatment by application of a magnetic field to the human body 2 (a) Research in Japan 3 (b) Research Abroad 3 2. Deficiency of the Magnetic Field acting on the human body 4 IV. The Relationship Between Magnetic Fields and the Human Body 5 V. Treatment Effect Of Magnetism 7 (A) Features of Magnetotherapy. 7 (B) Types of Magnetotherapeutic Devices and their Features. 7 VI. Magnetic Field Surplus Syndrome 9 VII. Study 9 In Closing 10 Acknowledgement 10 References 10
Extending shape-from-motion to noncentral onmidirectional cameras (2002)

Algorithms for shape-from-motion simultaneously estimate the camera motion and scene structure. When extended to omnidirectional cameras, shape-from-motion algorithms are likely to provide robust motion estimates, in particular, because of the camera's wide field of view. In this paper, we describe both batch and online shape-from-motion algorithms for omnidirectional cameras, and a precise calibration technique that improves the accuracy of both methods. The shape-from-motion and calibration methods are general, and they handle a wide variety of omnidirectional camera geometries. In particular, the methods do not require that the camera-mirror combination have a single center of projection. We describe a noncentral camera that we have developed, and show experimentally that combining shape-from-motion with this design produces highly accurate motion estimates.
Tricuspid regurgitation late after mitral valve replacement: clinical and echocardiographic evaluation. (1999)

Significant TR diagnosed by echocardiography late after MVR is common, and clinically evident in more than one-third of patients. Therefore, a lower threshold for tricuspid valve repair should be considered when mitral valve surgery is carried out.
Routes to Catalysis: Structure of a Catalytic Antibody and Comparison with Its Natural Counterpart (1994)

The three-dimensional structure of a catalytic antibody (1F7) with chorismate mutase activity has been determined to 3.0 A resolution as a complex with a transition state analog. The structural data suggest that the antibody stabilizes the same conformationally restricted pericyclic transition state as occurs in the uncatalyzed reaction. Overall shape and charge complementarity between the combining site and the transition state analog dictate preferential binding of the correct substrate enantiomer in a conformation appropriate for reaction. Comparison with the structure of a chorismate mutase enzyme indicates an overall similarity between the catalytic mechanism employed by the two proteins. Differences in the number of specific interactions available for restricting the rotational degrees of freedom in the transition state, and the lack of multiple electrostatic interactions that might stabilize charge separation in this highly polarized metastable species, are likely to account for the observed 10(4) times lower activity of the antibody relative to that of the natural enzymes that catalyze this reaction. The structure of the 1F7 Fab'-hapten complex provides confirmation that the properties of an antibody catalyst faithfully reflect the design of the transition state analog.
Annulation reactions with iron(III) chloride: oxidation of imines (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnnulation reactions with iron(III) chloride: oxidation of iminesRino Leardini, Daniele Nanni, Antonio Tundo, Giuseppe Zanardi, and Fabrizio RuggieriCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 6, 1842–1848Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00032a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00032a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views980Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
New Motivation for the Depolymerization Products Derived from Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) Waste: a Review (2005)

Abstract Summary: Over the last several decades, the process of recycling polymer waste has been attracting the attention of many scientists working on this issue. Polymer recycling is very important for at least two main reasons: firstly, to reduce the ever increasing volumes of polymer waste coming from many sources: from daily life packaging materials and disposables and secondly, to generate value‐added materials from low cost sources by converting them into valuable materials similar, to some extent, to virgin materials. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) occupies the top of the list of polymers to be recycled due to its easy recycling by different ways, which, in accordance, give variable products that can be introduced as starting ingredients for the synthesis of many other polymers. PET can by recycled by hydrolysis, acidolysis, alkalolysis, aminolysis, alcoholysis and glycolysis. Glycolysis is the breakdown of the ester linkages by a glycol, resulting in oligomers or oligoester diols/polyols with hydroxyl terminal groups. Oligoesters coming from the glycolysis of PET waste have been well known for a number of decades to be utilized as a starting material in the manufacture of polyurethanes, unsaturated polyesters and saturated polyester plasticizers. But, as a current motivation, we are reporting on a new application for these oligoester diols/polyols by converting the hydroxyl terminals into acrylate/methacrylate groups. These new acrylated/methacrylated oligoesters have been tested as UV curable monomers and gave promising results from the point of view of their curability by UV and their mechanical properties. The new motivations open the potential for the market to apply the depolymerization products of PET waste for UV curable coatings, useful for wood surfaces, paints and other applications. Recycling of PET polymer by different chemical routes. magnified image Recycling of PET polymer by different chemical routes.
A Reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network for Structural Health Monitoring (2009)

The paper presents a reconfigurable wireless sensor network for structural health monitoring. Real-time and periodic structural health monitoring can reduce the probability of collapse and the consequences of potential life-threatening conditions. The monitoring system is composed of two parts: the wireless network in which the sensor nodes are equipped with a 3- axis accelerometer and a temperature and humidity sensor, and a Matlab program that processes and visualizes the data in real-time. The first records acceleration signals in different locations of the monitored infrastructure and conveys them at the sink node. The latter plots the collected signals and computes their frequency spectrum in real-time. The wireless sensor node and the implemented network architecture were tested on a bridge structure built to scale. The results show that the sensor nodes provide data that, if processed in the frequency domain, allow the correct identification of the vibrations frequencies of the structure.
Recent trials of antioxidant therapy: what should we be telling our patients? (2004)

The current evidence does not support the indiscriminate use of vitamins A, C, or E or beta carotene to prevent or reduce cardiovascular disease. Despite a plausible theory that antioxidants can prevent diseases caused by oxidative damage, trials thus far have not proven this. In fact, some studies found antioxidants may be harmful in some people. We review important studies of the effects of four antioxidants (vitamins A, C, and E, and beta carotene) and analyze whether the current evidence supports or confirms or rejects the presumed protective role.