gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric Properties of NaCo<sub>2-x</sub>Cu<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Improved by the Substitution of Cu for Co (2001)

We prepared a set of polycrystalline samples of the thermoelectric oxide Na 1.2 Co 2- x Cu x O 4 ( x =0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3), and investigated the Cu substitution effects on their thermoelectric properties. The substituted Cu significantly enhances the thermopower over the temperature range from 4 to 300 K, whereas it does not appreciably change the resistivity and the thermal conductivity. As a result, the thermoelectric figure of merit increases by five times at 100 K from x =0 to 0.3. The Cu substitution effects observed here are highly incompatible with usual impurity effects that increase the resisitivity leaving the thermopower unchanged. The doped Cu shifts the reflectivity edge to lower energies, implying that it causes a decrease of the carrier concentration and/or an increase of the effective mass.
Biofilm Formation by Group A Streptococci: Is There a Relationship with Treatment Failure? (2003)

Group A streptococcus (GAS) is the primary cause of bacterial pharyngitis in children and adults. Up to one-third of patients treated for GAS pharyngitis fail to respond to antibiotic therapy. The objective of this cohort study was to evaluate GAS biofilm formation as a mechanism for antibiotic treatment failure using previously collected GAS isolates and penicillin treatment outcome data. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay device was used to determine the biofilm-forming capabilities, efficiencies, and antibiotic susceptibilities of GAS isolates. The MBECs and MICs of several antibiotics for GAS were determined. All 99 GAS isolates available for this study formed biofilms, with various efficiencies. Antibiotic MBECs were consistently higher than MICs for all of the GAS isolates. MBECs indicated penicillin insensitivity in 60% of GAS isolates, producing the first report of in vitro GAS insensitivity to penicillin. Using MBECs to predict penicillin treatment failure had better sensitivity (56%) but lower specificity (36%) than the sensitivity (0%) and specificity (100%) when MICs were used. However, the positive predictive value of the MBEC was superior to that of the MIC (56 versus 0%), while the negative predictive values (42 and 47%) were similar. More studies are needed to understand the roles of biofilms and the MBEC assay in predicting GAS treatment failure. In addition, further investigations are necessary to determine if non-biofilm-forming strains of GAS exist and the roles of in vivo monospecies and multispecies biofilms in streptococcal pharyngitis treatment failure.
The Hallmarks of Cancer Review (2000)

*Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and malignant states into invasive cancers (Foulds, 1954).
Characteristic Ratio and Plateau Modulus of 1,2-Polybutadiene. A Comparison with Other Rubbers (1990)

Abstract In the course of work on linear and ring polybutadienes with 62% 1,2 units, a number of discrepancies were noted with data on polybutadienes of various microstructure available in the literature. For example, G N ο =870 kPa for our 62% 1,2-polybutadiene. This is larger than G N ο =730 kPa for a 56% 1,2-polybutadiene and G N ο =550 kPa for a 78% 1,2-polybutadiene sample. The cis : trans ratio of our 62% 1,2-polybutadiene, prepared with potassium counterion, is 1 : 4, On the other hand, the cis : trans ratio of 62% 1,2-polybutadiene prepared with a modified Li catalyst is estimated to be 1 : 2. It is conceivable that the different cis : trans ratio leads to different properties at constant 1,2 content. Nevertheless, the low levels of both the cis and the trans units are not expected to cause more than minor differences in the properties of the polybutadienes. Correct values for G N ο of model polymers are important for the study of the influence of the chemical structure on the melt characteristics of a polymer. For this reason, it was thought useful to reinvestigate 1,2-polybutadiene itself in some detail. The synthesis of narrow molecular-weight distribution 1,2-polybutadiene by anionic polymerization techniques has been described recently. The dilute-solution properties of 1,2-polybutadiene has been investigated. The melt rheology of two 1,2-polybutadiene samples have been studied, but no systematic study of the molecular-weight dependence of the melt properties was made. 1,2-Polybutadiene has been used as a component in block copolymers with 1,4-polybutadiene. These studies have permitted an investigation of the phase behavior of two rubbery blocks at room temperature. Poly(l,4-butadiene-graft-l,2-butadiene)s with well-defined composition and architecture have also been prepared. Hydrosilylated 1,2-polybutadiene has found use as the coupling agent for multiarm star polymer, and this method can easily be extended to the preparation of poly( l,2-butadiene-graft-l,4-butadiene). Hydrogenated 1,2-polybutadienes are prepared as model polymers for poly(l-butene). The synthesis and characterization of a series of 1,2-polybutadienes are described here. Special attention is given to low-molecular-weight polymers. The linear viscoelastic properties of the melts are also described. In the discussion, the relation between the characteristic ratio, C ∞ , and the plateau modulus, G N ο , of a number of model polymer systems is explored.
Harmonic Convergence in the Love Songs of the Dengue Vector Mosquito (2009)

The familiar buzz of flying mosquitoes is an important mating signal, with the fundamental frequency of the female's flight tone signaling her presence. In the yellow fever and dengue vector Aedes aegypti, both sexes interact acoustically by shifting their flight tones to match, resulting in a courtship duet. Matching is made not at the fundamental frequency of 400 hertz (female) or 600 hertz (male) but at a shared harmonic of 1200 hertz, which exceeds the previously known upper limit of hearing in mosquitoes. Physiological recordings from Johnston's organ (the mosquito's "ear") reveal sensitivity up to 2000 hertz, consistent with our observed courtship behavior. These findings revise widely accepted limits of acoustic behavior in mosquitoes.
Analysis of ionizing radiation‐induced DNA damage and repair in three‐dimensional human skin model system (2009)

Knowledge of cellular responses in tissue microenvironment is crucial for the accurate prediction of human health risks following chronic or acute exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). With this objective, we investigated the radio responses for the first time in three-dimensional (3D) artificial human skin tissue microenvironment after gamma-rays radiation. IR-induced DNA damage/repair response was assessed by immunological analysis of well-known DNA double strand break (DSB) repair proteins, i.e. 53BP1 and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated(ser1981) (ATM(ser1981)). Efficient 53BP1 and phosphorylated ATM foci formation was observed in human EpiDerm tissue constructs after low and high doses of gamma-rays. Interestingly, EpiDerm tissue constructs displayed less 53BP1 and ATM foci number at all radiation doses (0.1, 1, 2.5 and 5 Gy) than that observed for 2D human fibroblasts. DSB repair efficiency judged by the disappearance of 53BP1 foci declined with increasing doses of gamma-rays and tissue constructs irradiated with 2.5 and 5 Gy of gamma-rays displayed 53BP1 foci persisting up to 72 h of analysis. Pretreatment of EpiDerm tissue constructs with LY294002, [an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and PI-3 kinase like kinases (PIKK)] completely abolished IR-induced 53BP1 foci formation and increased the apoptotic death. This observation indicates the importance of PIKK signalling pathway for efficient radiation responses in intact tissue constructs. In summary, we have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring the DNA damage response in human skin tissue microenvironment. In this system, 53BP1 can be used as a useful marker for monitoring the DSB repair efficiency.
Direct Observation of the Phase Transition for a Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacryamide) Layer Grafted onto a Solid Surface by AFM and QCM-D (2007)

The temperature-induced structural changes of a thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) layer grafted onto a silica substrate were investigated in aqueous solution using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). A PNIPAM layer was grafted onto the silicon wafer surface by free radical polymerization of NIPAM to obtain a high molecular weight polymer layer with low-grafting density overall. By AFM imaging, the transition of the grafted PNIPAM chains from a brush-like to a mushroom-like state was clearly visualized: The surface images of the plate were featureless at temperatures below the LCST commensurate with a brush-like layer, whereas above the LCST, a large number of domain structures with a characteristic size of approximately 100 nm were seen on the surface. Both frequency and dissipation data obtained using QCM-D showed a significant change at the LCST. Analysis of these data confirmed that the observed PNIPAM structural transition was caused by a collapse of the brush-like structure as a result of dehydration of the polymer chains.
Some simple computational methods to improve the folding of large RNAs (1984)

Computational methods are described which increase the efficiency of the RNA folding algorithm described by Zuker and Stiegler. Bit addressing has been used to reduce the memory requirements from 2NxN to NxN/2. The order in which the nucleotide sequence is examined internally has been altered, and some additional short arrays which carry temporary information have been introduced. These changes optimize the management of the large data arrays generated by the algorithm. The methods were developed for use with a UNIVAC 1100/82 computer. They are, however, easily adaptable to other computers; especially those with virtual memory capabilities. The analysis of sequences up to 1000 nucleotides long are relatively routine, and larger searches are also feasible. Some limitations and applications of the algorithm are also discussed.
Human Fecal Bile Acids and Frations with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1993)

A method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring primary bile acid (cholic acid: CA) and secondary bile acid (deoxycholic acid: DCA) excreted in human feces has been developed. By this method, bile acids were measured in feces of healthy individuals and colon cancer patients, and the DCA/CA ratios were calculated from the measured values. We then evaluated the clinical applicability of this method. The study clearly demonstrated a significant difference between normal subjects and colon cancer patients. The DCA/CA ratios of pre-operative colon cancer patients were higher than those of healthy subjects, but post-operatively the ratio approximated the level of healthy subjects in every case. The mechanism in which fecal bile acids promote the pathogenesis of colon cancer is not well understood, but the fecal DCA/CA ratio can be usefully applied to the diagnosis of colon cancer and to screening those at high risk. Similarly, if this test is used as a prognostic marker, it is possible to recommend improved dietary habits for the high-risk individual. Hence, the test should become an effective preventive measure against colon cancer.
Intracranial microdialysis of salicylic acid to detect hydroxyl radical generation by antidepressant drugs in the rat (1997)

We examined the effect of the antidepressant drugs nomifensine, imipramine and nortriptyline on the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the rat brain using striatal microdialysis. All these drugs are inhibitors of MAO-A or MAO-B, but were more potent inhibitors of MAO-B in vitro. When the tricyclic antidepressant drugs nortriptyline and imipramine (1 mM) were directly infused into the rat brain through a microdialysis probe for 60 min, the level of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the striatum gradually decreased in a time-dependent manner. When salicylic acid in Ringer's solution (0.5 mM or 0.5 nmol/μl/min) in addition to the tricyclic antidepressants was infused through the microdialysis probe to detect the generation of ·OH, as reflected by the formation of dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) in the striatum, marked transient elevations in the dialysate levels of 2,3- and 2,5-DHBA were observed. However, when the noncyclic antidepressant drug nomifensine was used, there was no increase in DHBA. The present results suggest that the dopamine (DA) that accumulates in the extracelluar fluid after treatment with tricyclic antidepressant drugs undergoes autooxidation, which in turn leads (possibly by an indirect mechanism) to the formation of cytotoxic ·OH free radicals. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereochemistry of the asymmetric oxidation of ketone enolates using (camphorylsulfonyl)oxaziridines (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of the asymmetric oxidation of ketone enolates using (camphorylsulfonyl)oxaziridinesFrankin A. Davis and M. Serajul HaqueCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 21, 4083–4085Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00371a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00371a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views642Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hippocratic Data Streams-Concepts, Architectures and Issues (2005)

The goal of a Hippocratic DBMS is to preserve the privacy of data without much sacrificing performance. In this paper, we address problen of developing privacy-preserving systems into the more chollen.ging con,tezt o,f doto streonrs. We con,trmst dato st7eo711s to trodition.al dotobases a11.d ide7l.tify tire new challen,g~s posed by data streo7ns. We disctrss elr:o,nrples of stream.ing opplica~tion.s 771. which. priva,cy and security issues ore cr.uc~:o.L. 1Ve propose a visionary architectural design of 11.0 ~ (L Hippo-c7atic Data Streom Management System (HDSAdS) may look like. We iden.tzfy sellera1 open rese(lrc11. directi0n.s u!ll.ere privacy preservin.g issues meet the data streaming paradigm.
PD-1 blockade enhances the vaccination-induced immune response in glioma (2016)

DC vaccination with autologous tumor lysate has demonstrated promising results for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) in preclinical and clinical studies. While the vaccine appears capable of inducing T cell infiltration into tumors, the effectiveness of active vaccination in progressively growing tumors is less profound. In parallel, a number of studies have identified negative costimulatory pathways, such as programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1), as relevant mediators of the intratumoral immune responses. Clinical responses to PD-1 pathway inhibition, however, have also been varied. To evaluate the relevance to established glioma, the effects of PD-1 blockade following DC vaccination were tested in intracranial (i.c.) glioma tumor- bearing mice. Treatment with both DC vaccination and PD-1 mAb blockade resulted in long-term survival, while neither agent alone induced a survival benefit in animals with larger, established tumors. This survival benefit was completely dependent on CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Additionally, DC vaccine plus PD-1 mAb blockade resulted in the upregulation of integrin homing and immunologic memory markers on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In clinical samples, DC vaccination in GBM patients was associated with upregulation of PD-1 expression in vivo, while ex vivo blockade of PD-1 on freshly isolated TILs dramatically enhanced autologous tumor cell cytolysis. These findings strongly suggest that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays an important role in the adaptive immune resistance of established GBM in response to antitumor active vaccination and provide us with a rationale for the clinical translation of this combination therapy.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Both Syn- and Anti-β-Amino Alcohols (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Both Syn- and Anti-β-Amino AlcoholsShū Kobayashi, Haruro Ishitani, and Masaharu UenoView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science Science University of Tokyo (SUT) CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2, 431–432Publication Date (Web):January 6, 1998Publication History Received8 October 1997Published online6 January 1998Published inissue 1 January 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja973527tCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2201Altmetric-Citations219LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (78 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Organic compounds,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
A Study of Bismuth Ruthenate as an Electrocatalyst for Bifunctional Air Electrodes (1994)

The electrode kinetics of oxygen reduction and evolution on Ru, and electrodes were studied in 0.1M . The transport and current shielding properties of the rotating ring‐disk electrode technique were used to obtain the kinetic variables as well as to determine the stability of these electrodes. Relatively high catalytic activity for reduction was observed on an Ru electrode. The catalytic activity of Ru was considerably reduced on the surface modified by "irreversibly adsorbed" Bi. The inhibition of reduction was accompanied by a change in the reaction mechanism from a predominately direct "four‐electron pathway," characteristic for reduction on pure Ru, to a significant branching of the reaction to the "peroxide pathway" on the electrode. exhibited low catalytic activity for reduction and relatively high activity for peroxide decomposition and/or reduction. Although less active for oxygen evolution than either Ru or electrodes, the electrode is more stable during evolution than either of these electrodes, with no dissolution products detected at the ring electrode.
MMPacking: a load and storage balancing algorithm for distributed multimedia servers (1998)

In distributed multimedia servers where client requests for different video streams may have different probabilities, placement of video streams is an important parameter because it may result in unbalanced requests to the system's stations, and thus to high blocking probabilities of requests. We present a method, MMPacking, to balance traffic load and storage use in a distributed server environment. Since different video streams are requested by clients with different rates, video stream replication is used to balance the traffic patterns of the stations; thus, the requests and I/O usage of the stations are balanced, since replication allows requests for the same video stream to be routed to different stations. MMPacking achieves load balancing by producing at most N-1 replicas of video streams in a system with N servers. These replicas are distributed among the stations so that storage balancing is achieved as well, since no station stores more than two video streams more than any other station in the system.
LIFE AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY (2001)

Most quality of life recovery occurs early after radical prostatectomy, except in several domains, including urinary and sexual, which continue to improve even beyond 2 years postoperatively. Patients should be encouraged that recovery may continue for months or years after surgery.
Implementation of Gaussian and Box Kernel Based Approximation of Bilateral Filter Using OpenCL (2015)

A Bilateral filter is basically an edge-preserving and smoothing, non-linear filter. It consists of two kernels, namely spatial and range kernels which can be constant or arbitrary. Algorithms for bilateral filtering with constant time computational complexity are present today, but their execution time is too high for real time applications. Also, hardware latency and throughput sometimes reduce the speed of filtering. In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm for bilateral filtering in which we combine box spatial kernel with Gauss-Polynomial range kernel. Parallel implementation of the algorithm is done on GPU (AMD Radeon HD 7650M) using OpenCL and an average run time of 15ms is achieved for an image of dimensions 256 x 256. Results of this algorithm is found to be about 15 times faster than the parallel implementation of bilateral filter with Gaussian spatial kernel and Gauss-Polynomial range kernel. We infer that while the PSNR values obtained are very close, there is a significant improvement in run-time when we use the proposed algorithm.
Comparative Prevalence of Superantigen Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Causing Sepsis With and Without Septic Shock (2005)

Enterotoxin A (SEA) might play a key role in sea-positive S. aureus sepsis by triggering over-expression of inflammatory mediators associated with shock. Novel treatments targeting superantigens, especially the sea gene, might be beneficial in the treatment of S. aureus sepsis.
Beamforming correction for dipole measurement using two-dimensional microphone arrays (2008)

In this paper, a beamforming correction for identifying dipole sources by means of phased microphone array measurements is presented and implemented numerically and experimentally. Conventional beamforming techniques, which are developed for monopole sources, can lead to significant errors when applied to reconstruct dipole sources. A previous correction technique to microphone signals is extended to account for both source location and source power for two-dimensional microphone arrays. The new dipole-beamforming algorithm is developed by modifying the basic source definition used for beamforming. This technique improves the previous signal correction method and yields a beamformer applicable to sources which are suspected to be dipole in nature. Numerical simulations are performed, which validate the capability of this beamformer to recover ideal dipole sources. The beamforming correction is applied to the identification of realistic aeolian-tone dipoles and shows an improvement of array performance on estimating dipole source powers.