gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transport Properties of CdTe (1971)

The drift-velocity characteristic for electrons in CdTe has been measured by the transientcharge technique from 77 to 370 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and for electric fields up to 70 kV/cm. Over this temperature range a negative differential mobility was found. The measured peak drift velocity increases from 1.25 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{7}$ cm/sec at 370 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to 2.5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{7}$ cm/sec at 77 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and is characteristic of intrinsic material. The threshold field decreases from 16kV/cm at 370 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to 11 kV/cm at 77 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At lower temperatures (220 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) and at low electric fields ( ${10}^{4}$ kV/cm) the drift velocity varies from sample to sample increasing with increasing trapping time, and is presumably associated with scattering by ionized centers. An increase of the electron trapping time from 4 nsec at an electric field at 2 kV/cm to 45 nsec at an electric field of 30 kV/cm has also been measured at room temperature.
FeinPhone: Low-cost Smartphone Camera-based 2D Particulate Matter Sensor (2019)

Precise, location-specific fine dust measurement is central for the assessment of urban air quality. Classic measurement approaches require dedicated hardware, of which professional equipment is still prohibitively expensive (>10k$) for dense measurements, and inexpensive sensors do not meet accuracy demands. As a step towards filling this gap, we propose <i>FeinPhone</i>, a phone-based fine dust measurement system that uses camera and flashlight functions that are readily available on today's off-the-shelf smart phones. We introduce a cost-effective passive hardware add-on together with a novel counting approach based on light-scattering particle sensors. Since our approach features a 2D sensor (the camera) instead of a single photodiode, we can employ it to capture the scatter traces from individual particles rather than just retaining a light intensity sum signal as in simple photometers. This is a more direct way of assessing the particle count, it is robust against side effects, e.g., from camera image compression, and enables gaining information on the size spectrum of the particles. Our proof-of-concept evaluation comparing several <i>FeinPhone</i> sensors with data from a high-quality APS/SMPS (Aerodynamic Particle Sizer/Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) reference device at the World Calibration Center for Aerosol Physics shows that the collected data shows excellent correlation with the inhalable coarse fraction of fine dust particles (r > 0.9) and can successfully capture its levels under realistic conditions.
Optical storage (2003)

In contrast to memory that functions magnetically, an optical storage device uses a laser to etch and later detect microscopic pits in the surface of its recording medium. There are three principal kinds used as auxiliary computer memory, two of which had their origin as audio or audiovisual entertainment media.
Overall Statistical Monitoring of Static and Dynamic Patterns (2002)

A new approach to overall multivariate statistical monitoring, including all static normal operations and the intermediate states between them, is introduced and then applied to real plant data. Principal component analysis or partial least squares (PLS) is used to reduce the dimensionality of data and to remove collinearity. After the compression of data, the credibilistic fuzzy c-means method is used to appropriately group the data. These algorithms use score vectors of PLS as feature vectors. So, we find total proper different normal operation conditions. To identify operation change modes, a discrimination index is proposed based on the time-series pattern of the membership values of clusters. Using this index, we can monitor all data patterns. The proposed monitoring method is applied to real experimental data from a full-scale power plant process and simulated data from a continuous stirred tank reactor model, and the results are discussed. In particular, the proposed method is found to easily discriminate between intermediate states and faults (or abnormalities) occurring within the process data.
Generation of the Volatile Spiroketals Conophthorin and Chalcogran by Fungal Spores on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Common to Almonds and Pistachios (2012)

The spiroketal (E)-conophthorin has recently been reported as a semiochemical of the navel orangeworm moth, a major insect pest of California pistachios and almonds. Conophthorin and the isomeric spiroketal chalcogran are most commonly known as semiochemicals of several scolytid beetles. Conophthorin is both an insect- and plant-produced semiochemical widely recognized as a nonhost plant volatile from the bark of several angiosperm species. Chalcogran is the principal aggregation pheromone component of the six-spined spruce bark beetle. Recent research has shown conophthorin is produced by almonds undergoing hull-split, and both spiroketals are produced by mechanically damaged almonds. To better understand the origin of these spiroketals, the volatile emissions of orchard fungal spores on fatty acids common to both pistachios and almonds were evaluated. The volatile emission for the first 13 days of spores placed on a fatty acid was monitored. The spores investigated were Aspergillus flavus (atoxigenic), A. flavus (toxigenic), Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, Penicillium glabrum, and Rhizopus stolonifer. The fatty acids used as growth media were palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. Spores on linoleic acid produced both spiroketals, those on linolenic acid produced only chalcogran, and those on palmitic and oleic acid did not produce either spiroketal. This is the first report of the spiroketals conophthorin and chalcogran from a fungal source.
Anomalous Ullmann Reactions. The Unsymmetrical Coupling of 2,6-Dibromo-4-nitroiodobenzene<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnomalous Ullmann Reactions. The Unsymmetrical Coupling of 2,6-Dibromo-4-nitroiodobenzene1Robert B. Carlin and Edward A. SwakonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 4, 966–973Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01609a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01609a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Involvement of family and community medicine professionals in community projects. (2002)

Most faculty are involved in community-related teaching and service. Reasons for low levels of research and subgroup differences, especially among women and young faculty, merit further research.
Genetic analysis of 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine incorporation into cultured human T lymphoblasts. (1988)

In order to analyze the cellular determinants that mediate the action of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, the growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects and the metabolism of the dideoxynucleoside were examined in wild type human CEM T lymphoblasts and in mutant populations of CEM cells that were genetically deficient in either nucleoside transport or deoxycytidine kinase activity. Whereas 2',3'-dideoxycytidine at a concentration of 5 microM inhibited growth of the wild type CEM parental strain by 50%, two nucleoside transport-deficient clones were 4-fold resistant to the pyrimidine analog. The deoxycytidine kinase-deficient cell line was virtually completely resistant to growth inhibition by the dideoxynucleoside at a concentration of 1024 microM. An 80% diminished rate of 2',3'-[5,6-3H]dideoxycytidine influx into the two nucleoside transport-deficient lines could account for their resistance to the dideoxynucleoside, while the resistance of the deoxycytidine kinase-deficient cells to 2',3'-dideoxycytidine toxicity could be explained by a virtually complete failure to incorporate 2',3'-[5,6-3H]dideoxycytidine in situ. Two potent inhibitors of mammalian nucleoside transport, 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine and dipyridamole, mimicked the effects of a genetic deficiency in nucleoside transport with respect to 2',3'-dideoxycytidine toxicity and incorporation. These data indicate that the intracellular metabolism of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine in CEM cells is initiated by the nucleoside transport system and the cellular deoxycytidine kinase activity.
Distributed Delay and Sum Beamformer for Speech Enhancement via Randomized Gossip (2013)

In this paper, we investigate the use of randomized gossip for distributed speech enhancement and present a distributed delay and sum beamformer (DDSB). In a randomly connected wireless acoustic sensor network, the DDSB estimates the desired signal at each node by communicating only with its neighbors. We first provide the asynchronous DDSB (ADDSB) where each pair of neighboring nodes updates its data asynchronously. Then, we introduce an improved general distributed synchronous averaging (IGDSA) algorithm, which can be used in any connected network, and combine that with the DDSB algorithm where multiple node pairs can update their estimates simultaneously. For convergence analysis, we first provide bounds for the worst case averaging time of the ADDSB for the best and worst connected networks, and then we compare the convergence rate of the ADDSB with the original synchronous DDSB (OSDDSB) and the improved synchronous DDSB (ISDDSB) in regular networks. This convergence rate comparison is extended to randomly connected non-regular networks using simulations. The simulation results show that the DDSB using the different updating schemes converges to the optimal estimates of the centralized beamformer and that the proposed IGDSA algorithm converges much faster than the original synchronous communication scheme, in particular for non-regular networks. Moreover, comparisons are performed with several existing distributed speech enhancement methods from literature, assuming that the steering vector is given. In the simulated scenario, the proposed method leads to a slight performance improvement at the expense of a higher communication cost. The presented method is not constrained to a certain network topology (e.g., tree connected or fully connected), while this is the case for many of the reference methods.
Decay Rates of the Inverse of Nonsymmetric Tridiagonal and Band Matrices (1999)

It is well known that the inverse C = [ci,j] of an irreducible nonsingular symmetric tridiagonal matrix is given by two sequences of real numbers, {ui} and {vi}, such that ci,j = u i vj for $i \leq j$. A similar result holds for nonsymmetric matrices A. There the inverse can be described by four sequences {ui},{vi}, {xi},$ and {vi} with u ivi = xiyi. Here we characterize certain properties of A, i.e., being an M-matrix or positive definite, in terms of the ui, vi,xi, and yi. We also establish a relation of zero row sums and zero column sums of A and pairwise constant ui,vi, xi, and yi. Moreover, we consider decay rates for the entries of the inverse of tridiagonal and block tridiagonal (banded) matrices. For diagonally dominant matrices we show that the entries of the inverse strictly decay along a row or column. We give a sharp decay result for tridiagonal irreducible M-matrices and tridiagonal positive definite matrices. We also give a decay rate for arbitrary banded M-matrices.
Re-positioning library technology support on Campus-Wilson Library’s journey (2015)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the changing role of the academic library, in relation to technology support services. It proposes that library technology services should expand to take a central role in developing student academic technology skills, and shows how moving into non-traditional areas of technology support can expand a library’s operation capabilities to include entrepreneurship and innovation for faculty, staff and students. Design/methodology/approach – The paper outlines how our library expanded its technology services to include course management support, technical literacy training and three-dimensional (3D) printing, and details future developments into robotics and software development. It details the authors initial objectives, the issues encountered, the improvements made in response and what the authors hope to do in the future. Findings – We are at a time when technology has made innovation and creation available to many. Academic libraries should take on this opportunity of repositioning technology services to provide and promote technical applications, becoming a central point for library users to share ideas and collaborate on projects. As a result of the interdisciplinary nature of academic libraries, the authors are in the best position to make this happen on campus. Originality/value – Even though continual change has been a theme in the development of libraries, very little has been written on the role of technology support services. This paper sets the foundation for further exploration in how taking on academic technology support services, 3D printing and makerspaces could be a part of library services.
Properties of Succinyl-Coenzyme A:<scp>d</scp>-Citramalate Coenzyme A Transferase and Its Role in the Autotrophic 3-Hydroxypropionate Cycle of<i>Chloroflexus aurantiacus</i> (2006)

The phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus uses the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle for autotrophic CO(2) fixation. This cycle starts with acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and produces glyoxylate. Glyoxylate is an unconventional cell carbon precursor that needs special enzymes for assimilation. Glyoxylate is combined with propionyl-CoA to beta-methylmalyl-CoA, which is converted to citramalate. Cell extracts catalyzed the succinyl-CoA-dependent conversion of citramalate to acetyl-CoA and pyruvate, the central cell carbon precursor. This reaction is due to the combined action of enzymes that were upregulated during autotrophic growth, a coenzyme A transferase with the use of succinyl-CoA as the CoA donor and a lyase cleaving citramalyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA and pyruvate. Genomic analysis identified a gene coding for a putative coenzyme A transferase. The gene was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to code for succinyl-CoA:d-citramalate coenzyme A transferase. This enzyme, which catalyzes the reaction d-citramalate + succinyl-CoA --> d-citramalyl-CoA + succinate, was purified and studied. It belongs to class III of the coenzyme A transferase enzyme family, with an aspartate residue in the active site. The homodimeric enzyme composed of 44-kDa subunits was specific for succinyl-CoA as a CoA donor but also accepted d-malate and itaconate instead of d-citramalate. The CoA transferase gene is part of a cluster of genes which are cotranscribed, including the gene for d-citramalyl-CoA lyase. It is proposed that the CoA transferase and the lyase catalyze the last two steps in the glyoxylate assimilation route.
The immunization of mice and calves with gal E mutants of<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (1977)

A galactose epimeraseless (gal E) mutant of Salmonella typhimurium was investigated in mice and calves for its suitability as a live vaccine. In mice, a very highly significant difference in the mortality rates was observed when vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals were challenged with virulent strains of S. typhimurium and S. dublin. In calves, doses of 10(6) and above of gal E mutant injected subcutaneously provided highly significant protection both in terms of mortality and prevalence of symptoms when calves were challenged orally with S. typhimurium. However, there appeared to be a relation between the vaccine and the presence of renal lesions and before gal E mutants can be recommended, further work is necessary to determine the pathogenesis of these lesions.
The accurate assessment of changes in retinal vessel diameter using multiple frame electrocardiograph synchronised fundus photography (1996)

Multiple frame electrocardiograph synchronized fundus photography permits more accurate detection of small changes in retinal vessel diameter.
Stable mixed chimerism and tolerance using a nonmyeloablative preparative regimen in a large-animal model (2000)

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has considerable potential for the treatment of malignancies, hemoglobinopathies, and autoimmune diseases, as well as the induction of transplantation allograft tolerance. Toxicities associated with standard preparative regimens for bone marrow transplantation, however, make this approach unacceptable for all but the most severe of these clinical situations. Here, we demonstrate that stable mixed hematopoietic cell chimerism and donor-specific tolerance can be established in miniature swine, using a relatively mild, non-myeloablative preparative regimen. We conditioned recipient swine with whole-body and thymic irradiation, and we depleted their T-cells by CD3 immunotoxin-treatment. Infusion of either bone marrow cells or cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells from leukocyte antigen-matched animals resulted in stable mixed chimerism, as detected by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood, thymus, and bone marrow, without any clinical evidence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Long-term acceptance of donor skin and consistent rejection of third-party skin indicated that the recipients had developed donor-specific tolerance.
Solid‐Phase Oligosaccharide Tagging (SPOT): Validation on Glycolipid‐Derived Structures (2006)

SPOT check: A simple technique for labeling oligosaccharides consists of capturing the sugars on beads functionalized with hydroxylamine groups bearing cleavable linkers. After sequential pipetting in and out of reagents, tagged sugars are released into solution (see picture; PEGA=polyethylene glycol–polyacrylamide resin) for analysis by electrophoresis or mass spectrometry.
Test method by each part for wireless transmitter and receiver system (2009)

Even though there is many test method of Wireless system because of various Wireless communication standards, the mainly existing test method uses to test in RF only. This thesis proposes a new method that making a system to find the debugging point at each part which are RF, IF and BB. This thesis mainly investigates the techniques that are believed to be key issues in test method for wireless system.
REFRACTIVE INDICES OF SALAD OILS—CORRECTION FOR TEMPERATURE. (1902)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTREFRACTIVE INDICES OF SALAD OILS—CORRECTION FOR TEMPERATURE.L. M. Tolman and L. S. MunsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1902, 24, 8, 754–758Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1902Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1902https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02022a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (252 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
An Adaptive Markov Game Model for Threat Intent Inference (2007)

In an adversarial military environment, it is important to efficiently and promptly predict the enemy's tactical intent from lower level spatial and temporal information. In this paper, we propose a decentralized Markov game (MG) theoretic approach to estimate the belief of each possible enemy Course of Action (ECOA), which is utilized to model the adversary intents. It has the following advantages: 1) It is decentralized. Each cluster or team makes decisions mostly based on local information. We put more autonomies in each group allowing for more flexibilities; 2) A Markov Decision Process (MDP) can effectively model the uncertainties in the noisy military environment; 3) It is a game model with three players: red force (enemies), blue force (friendly forces), and white force (neutral objects); 4) Correlated-Q Reinforcement Learning is integrated. With the consideration that actual value functions are not normally known and they must be estimated, we integrate correlated-Q learning concept in our game approach to dynamically adjust the payoffs function of each player. A simulation software package has been developed to demonstrate the performance of our proposed algorithms. Simulations have verified that our proposed algorithms are scalable, stable, and satisfactory in performance.
A multiple seed linear feedback shift register (1992)

The authors describe a design of an LFSR (linear feedback shift register) that can easily accommodate a change-of-seeds feature. This new LFSR is controlled by two separate clocks, one for the normal LFSR operation and one for the change of seeds option. The change of seeds is fast since it is accomplished by a pair of clock pulses rather than by long scan operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sinus Lift Using a Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Silica Gel in Severely Resorbed Maxillae: Histological Preliminary Study (2009)

Within the limits of this preliminary prospective study, it was concluded that grafting of maxillary sinus using nanostructured hydroxyapatite silica gel as only bone filler is a reliable procedure also in critical anatomic conditions and after early healing period.
New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques for the Evaluation of Traumatic Brain Injury (1995)

Although current computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have shown great utility in diagnosing various aspects traumatic brain injury, damage resulting from mild diffuse brain injury often goes undetected with these procedures. Newly developed MRI techniques, including magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), have been proposed to have enhanced sensitivities for identifying damage induced by both diffuse and focal brain injury. Results from recent initial studies with experimental models of brain injury suggest that MTI may be useful for evaluating diffuse white matter damage, while DWI may demonstrate regions of focal contusion more acutely and with greater accuracy than conventional MRI procedures.