gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (1980)

A novel thermoelectric OTEC concept is proposed and compared with the ammonia closed-cycle designs. The thermoelectric OTEC uses no working fluid and therefore requires no pressure vessel, working fluid pumps, or turbogenerator. These components are replaced by power modules which are heat exchangers integrated with thermoelectric generators. The thermoelectric OTEC concept offers several potential advantages including: higher reliability system performance through the use of a high level of redundancy and long-lived, solid-state thermoelectric generators with no moving parts, greater safety for crew and environment by elimination of the pressurized working fluid, and the possibility of comparable system costs, i.e., costs near $2000/kWe (net) in 1980 dollars.
Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Aminopeptidase P from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon <i>Thermococcus</i> sp. Strain NA1 (2006)

Genomic analysis of a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus sp. strain NA1, revealed the presence of a 1,068-bp open reading frame encoding a protein consisting of 356 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 39,714 Da (GenBank accession no. DQ144132). Sequence analysis showed that it was similar to the putative aminopeptidase P (APP) of Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1. Amino acid residues important for catalytic activity and the metal binding ligands conserved in bacterial, nematode, insect, and mammalian APPs were also conserved in the Thermococcus sp. strain NA1 APP. The archaeal APP, designated TNA1_APP (Thermococcus sp. strain NA1 APP), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme hydrolyzed the amino-terminal Xaa-Pro bond of Lys(Nepsilon-Abz)-Pro-Pro-pNA and the dipeptide Met-Pro (Km, 0.96 mM), revealing its functional identity. Further enzyme characterization showed the enzyme to be a Co2+-, Mn2+-, or Zn2+-dependent metallopeptidase. Optimal APP activity with Met-Pro as the substrate occurred at pH 5 and a temperature of 100 degrees C. The APP was thermostable, with a half-life of >100 min at 80 degrees C. This study represents the first characterization of a hyperthermophilic archaeon APP.
Important Factors Influencing the Strength of Autologous Fibrin Glue; the Fibrin Concentration and Reaction Time &ndash; Comparison of Strength with Commercial Fibrin Glue (1994)

Fibrin glue was prepared from citrated plasma of human donors by means of ethanol. The outcome was a fibrinogen concentrate with a mean concentration of 43 mg/ml. The fibrinogen was converted to fibrin by the addition of 0.3 part of thrombin solution, 150 NIH U/ml, containing 100 mM calcium chloride. In a rat model full-thickness skin grafts were sealed with the glue, and the adhesive strength was measured at different fibrin concentrations, and after a variable reaction time, and compared to commercial fibrin glue (Tisseel). The strength of ethanol-prepared glue was directly proportional to the fibrin concentration, and increased rapidly within the first minutes of the reaction time. The strength of the commercial glue could be obtained with autologous fibrin glue at the same fibrin concentration.
Local domain inversion in ferroelectric crystals and its application to piezoelectric devices (2003)

The authors report local domain-inversion phenomena in LiNbO/sub 3/ and LiTaO/sub 3/ plates and discuss applications of antipolarity domains to various piezoelectric devices. Ferroelectric local domain inversion takes place in LiNbO/sub 3/ during the Ti diffusion process at around 1000 degrees C, depending on the conditions. Similar domain inversion is caused by proton exchange followed by heat treatment, or even by heat treatment alone at higher temperatures. These domain-inversion phenomena can be caused in local region of plates without applying electric fields. The resulting domains have a reversed polar crystal axis and therefore have various constants opposite in sign to those in the original crystal. Applications described include bending vibrators and hysteresis-tree actuators, VHF and UHF ultrasonic transducers, and surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Fc receptors for IgE on human alveolar macrophages. (1982)

Human alveolar macrophages (aM phi) isolated from lung lavages performed during bronchoscopy and after surgical removal of pulmonary lobes were analysed for Fc receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon R) and IgG (Fc gamma R) by rosette assays. A mean+/-s.d. of 8.0+/-2.6% of aM phi formed rosettes with fixed ox erythrocytes coated with an IgE myeloma protein (Eo'-IgE). The Eo'-IgE rosettes were inhibited by two IgE myeloma proteins and by IgE Fc fragments but not by myeloma proteins of the other Ig classes or by IgE denatured by heating or reduction and alkylation. Fresh ox erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit IgG antibodies (EoA) formed rosettes with 64.1+/-20.3% of the aM phi. Peripheral blood monocytes formed 10.6+/-1.2% Eo'-IgE and 90.2+/-6.0% EoA rosettes. Incubation of the aM phi with a goat antiserum to human lymphocyte Fc epsilon R inhibited Eo'-IgE rosette formation on aM phi by 80% but did not affect the percentage of EoA rosettes. The antiserum also inhibited Eo'-IgE rosettes formed by peripheral blood monocytes and cultured macrophage-like U937 cells but not those formed by basophilic granulocytes obtained from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. There was no relationship between age, sex, diagnosis or smoking history of the patients and the percentage of aM phi forming Eo'-IgE rosettes. These studies demonstrate that a subpopulation of human aM phi bear Fc epsilon R that share antigenic determinants with Fc epsilon R on lymphocytes and monocytes. Fc epsilon R(+) aM phi may play an important role in allergic and inflammatory pulmonary diseases by inducing the release of mediators of inflammation after interaction with IgE immune complexes.
Genome-wide identification and predictive modeling of tissue-specific alternative polyadenylation (2013)

uwe.ohler@duke.edu.
Validation of Accuracy-based Amino Acid Reference Materials in Dried-Blood Spots by Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Newborn Screening Assays (1999)

The validation, homogeneity, and stability of these blood spots support their use as a candidate national reference material for calibration of assays that measure amino acids in dried-blood spots.
Elliptic-disc filters of high-T/sub c/ superconducting films for power-handling capability over 100 W (2000)

On future digital communication systems, distortion of transmitted signals should be eliminated as much as possible for high communication quality. However, the need to both minimize distortion of signal amplifiers and continue to provide good filtering protection can become difficult to achieve with conventional devices. In this paper, the RF coplanar circuit filter using elliptic-disc resonators is proposed and investigated. This proposition makes it possible to miniaturize power filter circuits and to realize high performance of power ability of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) filters. End spread signal coupling electrodes are investigated in order to adjust the coupling degree between disc and feedline circuits and provide proper characteristic impedance of circuit. Two-mode coupling operation in the elliptic disc is then explained. Electromagnetic-field distribution change caused by this mode coupling can protect current and heat concentration, and realize power-handling capability over 100 W. Finally, the design principle of a multiple-disc filter is introduced for high performance of out-of-band rejection and passband flatness. It has been confirmed that an elliptic-disc resonator filter can bring out the excellent performance of HTS materials.
Handover support for converged inter-RAT networks (2009)

The inherent design for Converged Next Generation Networks (NGNs) accommodates Packet Switched (PS) services. IEEE 802.16e, 802.16m, 3GPP LTE/LTE-Adv are converged IP-based Next Generation Networks (NGNs) that endorse IP Multimedia Services (IMS) support in the Core Network. Converged NGNs are mainly intended to be deployed in urban areas with wide-area coverage provided by existing 3G networks in the initial deployment. The main revenue driver for 3G operators is still Circuit Switched (CS) Voice and CS data, like SMS. Hence, there is a battle for CS Voice services support over these PS-based 4G Networks by contenders such as Voice over LTE Generic Access (VoLGA), IMS-VoIP, Media Independent Handover and CS-Fallback solutions. This paper addresses the Inter- Radio Access Technology (RAT) handover solutions in IEEE 802.16m and IMT-Advanced networks. We propose a novel solution to support backward Inter-System Handover (HO) to CS-voice from PS-Networks using VoLGA Access Network Controller (VANC) and CS Inter-Working Control to maintain CS-service growth until Next Generation Networks are deployed throughout the nation.
Bombesin-like peptide mediates lung injury in a baboon model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. (1998)

The etiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of infants surviving respiratory distress syndrome, remains fundamentally enigmatic. BPD is decreasing in severity but continues to be a major problem in pediatric medicine, being especially prevalent among very premature infants. Increased numbers of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells containing bombesin-like peptide (BLP) have been reported to occur in human infants with BPD. We tested the hypothesis that BLP mediates BPD using the hyperoxic baboon model. Urine BLP levels increased soon after birth only in 100% O2-treated 140-d animals which developed BPD, correlating closely with severity of subsequent chronic lung disease. Similar elevations in urine BLP were observed in the 125-d baboon "interrupted gestation" model of BPD. Postnatal administration of anti-BLP antibody attenuated clinical and pathological evidence of chronic lung disease in the hyperoxic baboon model. Urine BLP could be a biological predictor of infants at risk for BPD, and blocking BLP postnatally could be useful for BPD prevention.
Aquatic Medicinal Plants in Ponds of Palakkad, Kerala, India (2012)

Palakkad is a district which contain more number of ponds in kerala. Most of them are covered by means of weeds and plants, and becames useless.The present study is to analyse the medicinal use of such weeds and plants and make aware the public about the importance of pond plants.
Adaptive scanning in atomic force microscopy (2009)

In this paper, we present an adaptive scanning approach for atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Our simulation results demonstrate that this new approach can achieve approximately one order of magnitude better scanning efficiency over current scanning method. The basic idea of our new approach is two-fold: the scan speed along the fast-scan axis is adaptive to the local curvature and slope in the fast-scan direction; the scan-line interval along the slow-scan axis is adaptive to curvature along the slow-scan direction.
Rheumatic Fever Prevention in Industrializing Countries: Problems and Approaches (1996)

Editor's Note The problems resulting from Group A streptococcal infections remain largely unsolved in many of the industrialized countries of the world at the close of the 20th century. The fact that Group A streptococcal infections had assumed almost the role of a nuisance in the United States and Europe, before the beginning of the mid-1980s and 1990s resurgence, stands in marked contrast to the spectrum of streptococcal-related diseases in other parts of the world. Confirmatory epidemiologic data are often difficult to locate, but there is little doubt about the existence and the general magnitude of the problem. Because of this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has targeted Group A streptococcal infections and their sequelae for additional attention. During the last decade the WHO has invested considerable effort toward their control. The need for cost-effective primary and secondary rheumatic fever public health prevention programs is greater in those countries where the magnitude of the problem may be inversely proportional to available resources. Approaches considered routine in North America, in Europe, and in some countries of Latin America and Asia often are nonexistent in industrializing countries where as little as less than $5 per person per year may be reserved for total health care. With these issues in mind, the following perspective was invited to bring these unique problems related to Group A streptococcal infections and their sequelae into focus and to offer suggestions for realistic approaches under less than ideal conditions. We are grateful to Dr Snitcowsky for her comments.
The FDA-approved natural product dihydroergocristine reduces the production of the Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-β peptides (2015)

Known γ-secretase inhibitors or modulators display an undesirable pharmacokinetic profile and toxicity and have therefore not been successful in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD). So far, no compounds from natural products have been identified as direct inhibitors of γ-secretase. To search for bioactive molecules that can reduce the amount of amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ) and that have better pharmacokinetics and an improved safety profile, we completed a screen of ~400 natural products by using cell-based and cell-free γ-secretase activity assays. We identified dihydroergocristine (DHEC), a component of an FDA- (Food and Drug Administration)-approved drug, to be a direct inhibitor of γ-secretase. Micromolar concentrations of DHEC substantially reduced Aβ levels in different cell types, including a cell line derived from an AD patient. Structure-activity relationship studies implied that the key moiety for inhibiting γ-secretase is the cyclized tripeptide moiety of DHEC. A Surface Plasmon Resonance assay showed that DHEC binds directly to γ-secretase and Nicastrin, with equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of 25.7 nM and 9.8 μM, respectively. This study offers DHEC not only as a new chemical moiety for selectively modulating the activity of γ-secretase but also a candidate for drug repositioning in Alzheimer's disease.
Coupled N, C and S stable isotope measurements using a dual‐column gas chromatography system (2007)

Abstract Many laboratories routinely analyze plant, animal and soil samples with elemental analyzers coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometers, obtaining rapid results for nitrogen (%N, δ 15 N) and carbon (%C, δ 13 C) from the same sample. The coupled N and C measurements are possible because of a gas chromatography (GC) separation of N 2 and CO 2 gases produced in elemental analysis. Adding a second GC column allows additional measurement of sulfur (%S, δ 34 S) from the same sample, so that combined N, C and S information is obtained routinely. Samples are 1–15 mg, and replicates generally differ by less than 0.1‰ for δ 15 N, δ 13 C or δ 34 S. An example application shows that the N, C, and S measurement system allows a three‐dimensional view of element dynamics in estuarine systems that are undergoing pollution inputs from upstream watersheds. Extension of these GC principles should allow coupled H, C, N, and S isotope measurements in future work. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Hybrid Diffuser (1981)

A vortex controlled diffuser has recently been reported [1], which attained high levels of pressure recovery within a short length. This diffuser has, however, achieved only a limited application because of its bleed-off requirements. The present work indicates a means by which this disadvantage can be overcome by using a hybrid arrangement of conventional and vortex controlled diffusers. The outcome was an efficient diffuser, half the length of the equivalent conical diffuser, and which would operate satisfactorily without either bleed-off or vanes projecting into the flow.
Audiologic Monitoring for Potential Ototoxicity in a Phase I Clinical Trial of a New Glycopeptide Antibiotic (2003)

This study describes audiologic methodology and results for evaluating potential ototoxicity in a phase I clinical trial of a new glycopeptide. This study was conducted under good clinical practices, which are regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (21 Code of Federal Regulations), and input from the FDA was sought prior to study implementation. Healthy, normal volunteers underwent extensive medical and audiologic assessments as part of this phase I dose- escalation study of dalbavancin, a new glycopeptide, to assess potential side effects. Audiologic monitoring included air-conduction thresholds in the conventional (0.25-8 kHz) and high-frequency (10-16 kHz) ranges. At baseline, subjects were also tested using word recognition, bone conduction testing if indicated, and tympanometry. Full testing was to be repeated if any subject met the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) 1994 criteria for ototoxic change. However, no subjects demonstrated ototoxic change after receiving dalbavancin, nor were any false-positive results obtained.
Treatment of Individual Wells and Grids in Reservoir Modeling (1968)

Abstract Reservoir modeling, mathematical modeling, or simulation of a petroleum or natural gas reservoir enables the engineer to examine and evaluate the physical a-nd economic consequences of various physical a-nd economic consequences of various alternative production policies. Approximations are inherent in all workable, economical simulators. This paper describes three workable, useful approximations. (1)a method to compare observed field pressures with those calculated by a numerical simulator, (2) a method to reduce three-dimensional problems to two space dimensions with pseudo-third-dimensional features, and (3) a method to calculate the productivity index (PI) and the water-oil ratio (WOR) in a partially penetrating well partially penetrating well These methods, although admittedly approximations, are workable and have been found to be very useful. Their general utility will, however, depend upon the extent to which any underlying assumptions used in their formulation apply to a particular problem. particular problem Introduction The objectives, applications and mathematical background of reservoir modeling have been described in other works. Ideally networks should be as shown in Fig. 1. Here, the grids are smaller near the wellbore than farther away. However, the number of grid points becomes large, even in a two-dimensional grid. Also, the small block sizes force one to use very small time steps, which can increase the computer time to the point of rendering the study economically unfeasible. Fig. 1 shows an example where the wells are located on a regular pattern. If that pattern becomes irregular enough, all cells pattern becomes irregular enough, all cells eventually will have to be small. In order to proceed with a study, modelers are forced to use linger grid sizes, as shown in Fig. 2. We realize that, by using large grid sizes, the fundamental flow equations are not truly represented. The network approaches a set of interconnected material balances with flow terms as a function of pressures and saturations. This paper describes the present method of handling wellbores in models with grid sizes many times the wellbore diameters. A method to compare pressures observed in the field with those calculated in the model is presented. A method also is given to reduce three- dimensional problems to two-dimensional grids. SPEJ P. 341
High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes Based on Graphene Achieved by Thermal Treatment with the Aid of Nitric Acid (2013)

In this work, graphene materials have been prepared via thermal treatment of graphene oxides with the aid of intercalated nitric acid. The nitric acid not only favors the expansion of graphene but also facilitates the generation of pores into graphene. The specific surface area of such graphene frameworks is as high as 463 m2/g, and the pore volume reaches up to 2.23 cm3/g. When tested as supercapacitor electrodes, the graphene frameworks delivered an extremely high specific capacitance of ∼370 F/g while simultaneously maintained an excellent energy density of 12.9 Wh/kg and power delivery of 250 W/kg in aqueous electrolyte. These performances are much better than those of the control samples prepared without the aid of nitric acid. The porous structure and large specific surface area are believed to have contributed to the high performances.
Derivation of a System for Analyzing the Corneal Surface from Photokeratoscopic Data* (1966)

A system is derived which permits evaluation of the corneal curvature. It relates the instrumental conditions of the photokeratoscope, the first derivative, instantaneous radius of the point on the surface forming the reflected image, and the position of the surface as determined by focusing upon this image. The experimental data obtained from a photograph of the reflected image can be used to test the validity of any hypothesized expression for the corneal contour. For the first time a proposed analytic form can be used directly in the evaluation, thus minimizing recourse to simplifying, but distorting, assumptions. The system is nonspecific and may be applied to the analysis of other aspheric surfaces. Its application to a nonphotographic technique of corneal measurement is presented.
Ion Selective Electrodes Based on Brilliant Green Tetrathiocyanatezincate(II) (1973)

Abstract Liquid state, heterogeneous silicone rubber and carbon paste electrodes based on Brilliant green tetrathiocyanatozincate(II) have been prepared and studied. The liquid state electrode, consisting of a 10−3 M solution of Brilliant green tetrathiocyanatozincate(II) in o-dichlorobenzene supported on lightly cross-linked natural rubber, was the most satisfactory. This electrode responded rapidly when placed in 10−4 to 10−1 M solutions of zinc containing a twenty-fold excess of thiocyanate. The potential concentration slope (-29.5 mV per decade change in concentration) was that 2-expected for response to Zn(SON)4 2-. The silicone-rubber and carbon paste electrodes also gave near-Nernstian response, but responded more slowly.
Genetic Analysis of the Israeli Holstein Dairy Cattle Population for Production and Nonproduction Traits with a Multitrait Animal Model (2004)

Milk, fat, and protein production, somatic cell score (SCS), and female fertility in the Israeli Holstein dairy cattle population were analyzed using a multitrait animal model (AM) with parities 1 through 5 as separate traits. Female fertility was measured as the inverse of the number of inseminations to conception in percent. Variance components were estimated using both the repeatability AM and multitrait AM. The multitrait heritabilities for individual parities were greater than the heritabilities from the repeatability AM, and heritabilities decreased with an increase in parity number. Heritabilities were higher for production traits, lower for SCS, and lowest for female fertility. The genetic correlations were higher than the environmental correlations. Genetic correlations between parities decreased with an increase in the difference in parity number, but all were greater than 0.5. The environmental correlations were higher for production traits, lower for SCS, and close to zero for female fertility. In the analysis of the complete milk recorded population, genetic trends from the repeatability and multitrait models were very similar. The genetic trend for SCS was economically unfavorable until 1993, and favorable since then. The genetic trend for female fertility was close to zero, but the annual environmental trend was -0.2%. The multitrait lactation model is an attractive compromise between repeatability lactation models, which do not account for maturing trends across parities, and test-day models, which are much more demanding computationally.