gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WHITE CEMENT FOR ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE, POSSESSING PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES (2003)

White cement is a key ingredient in architectural and decorative concrete. By using it, in particular, the resulting concrete not only becomes an expressive material that having an infinite range of colour tones, intensifies one of its aesthetic qualities, but could also gain remarkable validity in terms of structural qualities due to its high mechanical strength. This paper is intended to provide technical information to both designers, architects and contractors, in order to obtain a high performance concrete, similar to the natural materials like marble, possessing relevant properties in terms of durability, performances and added environmental properties. Indeed, a new type of white cement is here proposed, containing TiO2, possessing photocatalytic properties which allow to maintain the aesthetic characteristics of concrete over time and contribute to eliminate dangerous pollutants from the urban environment. A remarkable application is also described, concerning the innovative construction of a church in Rome, named “Dives in Misericordia” whose sails were built using white High Performance Concrete, based on this new cement. Main physical and mechanical properties of this HPC are described. 1.0 WHITE CEMENT Thanks to the continuous laboratory research efforts aimed to obtain outstanding properties besides the excellent degree of whiteness, white cement has been rendered increasingly and noticeably a high performance binder. White clinker is produced by taking care that the content of ferrous composites and other heavy metal composites does not exceed 0.15%, whose presence give common Portland cement its distinctive grey colour. To this purpose, it is first of all necessary to carefully select the raw materials: only mineralogically pure kaolins and white limestones are used.
Photochemical Rearrangement of Aryl, Vinyl, and Substituted Vinyl Esters and Amides of Carboxylic Acids (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical Rearrangement of Aryl, Vinyl, and Substituted Vinyl Esters and Amides of Carboxylic AcidsDaniel Belluč and Pavol HrdlovičCite this: Chem. Rev. 1967, 67, 6, 599–609Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60250a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views799Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (920 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
How to schedule unlimited memory pinning of untrusted processes or provisional ideas about service-neutrality (2003)

You can read it as a paper that treats a concrete problem motivated in the first section: how can we permit untrusted user processes to pin their virtual pages in memory most flexibly and as unlimited as possible? From this point of view, the paper presents a general solution that is theoretically and experimentally reasonably substantiated. However, you can also read the paper as an approach to solve the more general problem of how an existing system can be extended by new operations while preserving the original system's QoS properties. From this point of view, the paper is highly speculative. The presented principle of service-neutral operations can successfully solve the concrete problem of dynamic pinning. However we still have no sound evidence that it is useful for a much broader class of problems. Nevertheless, we strongly suspect it.
Selective etching of TiN over TaN and vice versa in chlorine-containing plasmas (2013)

Selectivity of etching between physical vapor-deposited TiN and TaN was studied in chlorine-containing plasmas, under isotropic etching conditions. Etching rates for blanket films were measured in-situ using optical emission of the N2 (C3Πu →B3Πg) bandhead at 337 nm to determine the etching time, and transmission electron microscopy to determine the starting film thickness. The etching selectivity in Cl2/He or HCl/He plasmas was poor (&lt;2:1). There was a window of very high selectivity of etching TiN over TaN by adding small amounts (&lt;1%) of O2 in the Cl2/He plasma. Reverse selectivity (10:1 of TaN etching over TiN) was observed when adding small amounts of O2 to the HCl/He plasma. Results are explained on the basis of the volatility of plausible reaction products.
Preliminary in vitro and in vivo assessment of a new targeted inhibitor for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (2016)

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration usually causes blindness. We established a novel targeted inhibitor for CNV in age-related macular degeneration. The inhibitor CR2-sFlt 1 comprises a CR2-targeting fragment and an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) domain (sFlt 1). The targeting of CR2-sFlt 1 was studied using the transwell assay in vitro and frozen sections in vivo using green fluorescent labeling. Transwell assay results showed that CR2-sFlt 1 migrated to the interface of complement activation products and was present in the retinal tissue of the CR2-sFlt 1-treated CNV mice. Treatment effects were assessed by investigating the VEGF concentration in retinal pigmented epithelial cell medium and the thickness of the CNV complex in the mice treated with CR2-sFlt 1. CR2-sFlt 1 significantly reduced the VEGF secretion from retinal pigmented epithelial cells in vitro and retarded CNV progress in a mouse model. Expression analysis of VEGF and VEGFRs after CR2-sFlt 1 intervention indicated the existence of feedback mechanisms in exogenous CR2-sFlt 1, endogenous VEGF, and VEGFR interaction. In summary, we demonstrated for the first time that using CR2-sFlt 1 could inhibit CNV with clear targeting and high selectivity.
Using GenePattern for Gene Expression Analysis (2008)

The abundance of genomic data now available in biomedical research has stimulated the development of sophisticated statistical methods for interpreting the data, and of special visualization tools for displaying the results in a concise and meaningful manner. However, biologists often find these methods and tools difficult to understand and use correctly. GenePattern is a freely available software package that addresses this issue by providing more than 100 analysis and visualization tools for genomic research in a comprehensive user-friendly environment for users at all levels of computational experience and sophistication. This unit demonstrates how to prepare and analyze microarray data in GenePattern.
The interaction of naturally elaborated blebs from serum‐susceptible and serum‐resistant strains of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> with normal human serum (1992)

We studied the interaction of normal human serum immunoglobulins with outer-membrane bleb antigens of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonococcal 68,000 Dalton and Lip (H.8 antigen) outer-membrane proteins were recognized by normal human serum immunoglobulins in blebs from serum-resistant strains, but not in blebs from serum-susceptible strains. The addition of blebs from a serum-resistant strain to bactericidal assays resulted in significantly greater inhibition of serum killing than the addition of blebs from a serum-susceptible strain. Our results indicate that blebs from two serum-resistant gonococcal strains have an enhanced ability to bind and remove cell-targeted bactericidal factors, and that outer-membrane blebbing may contribute to serum resistance.
The Catalytic Asymmetric Fischer Indolization (2011)

The first catalytic asymmetric Fischer indolization is reported. In the presence of a 5 mol % loading of a novel spirocyclic chiral phosphoric acid, 4-substituted cyclohexanone-derived phenylhydrazones undergo a highly enantioselective indolization. Efficient catalyst turnover was achieved by the addition of a weakly acidic cation exchange resin, which removes the generated ammonia. The reaction can be conducted under mild conditions and gives various 3-substituted tetrahydrocarbazoles in generally high yields.
An objective function for radiation treatment optimization based on local biological measures (1999)

The implementation of biological optimization of radiation treatment plans is impeded by both computational and modelling problems. We derive an objective function from basic model assumptions which includes the normal tissue constraints as interior penalty functions. For organs that are composed of parallel subunits, a mean response model is proposed which leads to constraints similar to dose-volume constraints. This objective function is convex in the case when no parallel organs lie in the treatment volume. Otherwise, an argument is given to show that a number of local minima may exist which are near degenerate to the global minimum. Thus, together with the measure quality of the objective function, highly efficient gradient algorithms can be used. The number of essential biological model parameters could be reduced to a minimum. However, if the optimization constraints are given as TCP/NTCP values, Lagrange multiplier updates have to be performed by invoking comprehensive biological models.
Serum hepcidin in clinical specimens (2003)

The hepatic antimicrobial protein, hepcidin, is implicated in duodenal iron absorption and mobilization. Overexpression of the hepcidin gene is associated with a hypoferraemic, microcytic, iron-refractory anaemia. On the basis of these observations, it has been proposed that hepcidin is a mediator of the common clinical syndrome, anaemia of chronic disease (ACD), and recent findings evaluating urinary hepcidin production in patients support this hypothesis. In the present report, serum hepcidin concentrations were measured in 55 specimens submitted for ferritin determination, and in 37 specimens collected from anaemic patients undergoing diagnostic bone marrow examination. The serum hepcidin concentration exhibited a statistically significant correlation with serum ferritin concentrations in both patient subsets. No statistically significant correlations were observed between serum hepcidin and other laboratory markers of iron status or anaemia diagnosis. Serum hepcidin does not appear to correlate as well with clinical diagnosis as urinary hepcidin, suggesting that a better understanding of the clearance and metabolism of this protein is required to understand fully its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of ACD.
Three-dimensional inverse scattering: layer-stripping formulae and ill-posedness results (1988)

The authors consider the three-dimensional direct and inverse scattering problems for the Schrodinger equation and for the reduced wave equation with variable velocity. The scatterer is probed with either point sources or plane waves of fixed frequency. They ask the question, 'How does the wave field change when the scatterer is truncated?' Simple formulae for the derivative of the wave field with respect to the truncation parameter are obtained. Similar formulae are obtained for the scattering amplitudes. These formulae are used to derive ill-posedness results for various inverse scattering problems. The ill-posedness results apply when data are collected over a range of frequencies.
Direct Imaging of Live Human Platelets by Flash X-Ray Microscopy (1985)

A 100-nanosecond pulse of long-wavelength x-rays was used to produce high-resolution stop-motion images of living human platelets. Although some aspects of the structure conform to those seen in dehydrated specimens, novel features are apparent. The technique should permit detailed stop-motion examination of the interaction of platelets with their surrounding medium as well as exploration of the phagocytic and secretory activities of a wide variety of other cells.
HLA transgenic mice as models of human autoimmune diseases. (2000)

MHC class II alleles have been linked to several human autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Type I diabetes, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the mechanisms by which expression of certain MHC class II molecules predispose an individual to a particular autoimmune disease are not known, it is clear that increased susceptibility is associated with the polymorphic regions unique to these predisposing HLA alleles. These polymorphic differences may influence susceptibility by selecting potential autoreactive T cells during thymic education. Alternatively, nonsusceptible alleles may either delete or fail to select these potential autoimmune T cells, thus reducing the possibility of developing disease. In the periphery, the unique specificity of the HLA molecule derived from a susceptible allele may then recognize and present an autoantigenic peptide or foreign peptide that may cross-react with an autoantigen, activating these autoreactive T cells and leading to disease. To dissect these possibilities and to determine the exact role of particular HLA-DR or DQ molecules in disease susceptibility, we have generated several lines of HLA-DR and DQ transgenic mice. In this review, we present data summarizing the functions of these HLA class II molecules using well-established mouse models for autoimmune diseases.
Grundlagen (1999)

Dieses Kapitel beschreibt die elementaren, nicht objektorientierten Sprachelemente von Java. Insbesondere werden Datentypen, Variablen, Operatoren und Kontrollstrukturen behandelt. Mitunter ist es unerlässlich, objektorientierte Sprachelemente zu benutzen, um lauffähige Programme zu erhalten. Diese Elemente werden aber erst im Kapitel 3 ausführlich behandelt. Die Verständlichkeit des vorliegenden Kapitels wird hierdurch nicht beeinträchtigt.
THE CARBON DIOXIDE RELATED BEHAVIOR OF THE ADULTS OF ORTHOSOMA BRUNNEUM (FORSTER) (COLEOPTERA, CERAMBYCIDAE) (1964)

Adult males and mated and unmated adult females of O. brunneum (a wood-boring beetle) were tested in situations where they could select CO 2 of different concentrations. Oviposition by the beetles in relation to different concentrations of CO 2 was also observed. The males did not respond to CO 2 . The unmated females occurred most frequently in places containing decaying wood or CO 2 of a higher concentration than is present in air. The mated females oviposited most frequently in places where the concentration of CO 2 was highest. Carbon dioxide probably plays a role in the selection of sites for oviposition by adult beetles in nature.
Configuration of the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve demystified: a basic mathematical proof for medical and biological sciences undergraduates (2007)

The oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) of hemoglobin (Hb) has been widely studied and mathematically described for nearly a century. Numerous mathematical models have been designed to predict with ever-increasing accuracy the behavior of oxygen transport by Hb in differing conditions of pH, carbon dioxide, temperature, Hb levels, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations that enable their applications in various clinical situations. The modeling techniques employed in many existing models are notably borrowed from advanced and highly sophisticated mathematics that are likely to surpass the comprehensibility of many medical and bioscience students due to the high level of "mathematical maturity" required. It is, however, a worthy teaching point in physiology lectures to illustrate in simple mathematics the fundamental reason for the crucial sigmoidal configuration of the ODC such that the medical and bioscience undergraduates can readily appreciate it, which is the objective of this basic dissertation.
Towards More Flexibility in Software Visualization Tools (2005)

Software visualization has been researched for years, but current IDEs lack support for modern visualization techniques. It seems that the tools are either focused and not applicable to a broad range of tasks, or they are generic but do not provide good support for specific tasks. What is needed are tools that provide flexibility to customize the visualization technique, layout, and appearance, and enable users to aggregate and filter information based on various attributes. We make a case for a layered software visualization framework, which exposes such flexibility to the user. Having such a tool, developers are capable to customize visualization in an easy manner, so that it is most appropriate for their current task
The GBT-SerDes ASIC prototype (2010)

In the framework of the GigaBit Transceiver project (GBT), a prototype, the GBTSerDes ASIC, was developed, fabricated and tested. To sustain high radiation doses while operating at 4.8Gb/s, the ASIC was fabricated in a commercial 130 nm CMOS technology employing radiation tolerant techniques and circuits. The transceiver serializes-deserializes the data, Reed-Solomon encodes and decodes the data and scrambles and descrambles the data for transmission over optical fibre links. This paper describes the GBT-SerDes architecture, and presents the test results.
Policy-based communications for 5G mobile with customer edge switching (2015)

Besides more capacity and faster connections, 5G is expected to provide ultra-reliable services, for example, for machine-to-machine communications. In this paper, we advocate that 5G must do its best to eliminate malicious traffic as a cause of failure of legitimate services. This paper proposes that all communications in 5G should be controlled by policy. The policies facilitate cooperation of customer networks against misbehaving actors and collecting evidence of malicious activity. Dynamic policies can react to hosts that are used in attacks. We propose a system controlled by policy that overcomes the classical weaknesses in the Internet, namely source address spoofing and denial of service attacks. We propose to improve the mobile device experience by new methods of network address translator traversal suitable for battery-powered mobile devices. We believe that 5G will be the major driver for the future Internet, which is why we relate our approach to other proposals for future Internet architecture. Our approach can be deployed one network at a time as it limits the changes to edge nodes; no compulsory changes are proposed to hosts. The paper reports the experience from experimentation and evaluates scalability and security including initial results on performance. © 2015 The Authors. Security and Communication Networks published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
All-optical regenerators (2000)

Summary form only given. To face capacity demand in both submarine and terrestrial systems, ever-higher line-rates per channel (e.g., 40 Gbit/s) must be considered, while handling ever-growing propagation impairments. In terrestrial applications, which are subject to more specific networking requirements, a constant and acceptable signal quality throughout the system is mandatory. A possible solution common to both applications is all-optical regeneration, whose effect is to suitably control the data pulse characteristics but also to enhance or restore the signal-to-noise ratio (full 3R regeneration). In this paper, we shall describe the possibilities offered by SOA all-optical regenerators and compare them with those offered by their electronic alternative.
Sub-<i>kT/q</i> Switching in Strong Inversion in PbZr<sub>0.52</sub>Ti<sub>0.48</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Gated Negative Capacitance FETs (2015)

Hysteretic switching with a sub- <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">kT/q</i> steep slope (13 mV/decade at room temperature) is experimentally demonstrated in MOSFETs with PbZr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.52</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.48</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> as a ferroelectric (FE) gate insulator, integrated on a silicon channel with a nonperovskite high- <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> dielectric (HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) as a buffer interlayer. The steep switching is independent of drain bias. For the first time, sub- <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">kT/q</i> switching due to FE negative capacitance is observed not at low currents, but in strong inversion ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{d}\sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 100 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{A}/\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ). Steep switching in strong inversion provides an important point of consistency with the predictions of the Landau–Devonshire theory and the Landau–Khalatnikov equation.
Factor Graph Neural Network (2019)

Most of the successful deep neural network architectures are structured, often consisting of elements like convolutional neural networks and gated recurrent neural networks. Recently, graph neural networks have been successfully applied to graph structured data such as point cloud and molecular data. These networks often only consider pairwise dependencies, as they operate on a graph structure. We generalize the graph neural network into a factor graph neural network (FGNN) in order to capture higher order dependencies. We show that FGNN is able to represent Max-Product Belief Propagation, an approximate inference algorithm on probabilistic graphical models; hence it is able to do well when Max-Product does well. Promising results on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.