gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using 4KB page size for Virtual Memory is obsolete (2009)

A 4 KB page size has been used for Virtual Memory since the sixties. In fact, today, the most common page size is still 4 KB. Choosing a page size is finding the middle ground between several factors. On the one hand, a smaller page will reduce fragmentation; thus saving memory space. On the other hand, a larger page will increase TLB coverage; thus eliminating the need to access memory resident page tables. During the years that the 4 KB page has been employed, memory size has increased from Megabytes to Gigabytes. We can sacrifice some space for higher performance. With the aim of obtaining the optimal page size, we simulated applications from the SPEC2000 suite. We measured TLB misses and memory usage of all page sizes that are powers of two, ranging from 4 KB to 256 KB. Based on our results, we show that the use of 16 KB size for the base page is the recommended selection. Another way of increasing page size and TLB coverage is using superpages. Many machines support several page sizes, which let the OS use several page sizes. In this paper we survey various ways of making the most of superpages. We adopt a simple solution of superpaging with two page sizes. Based on our results, we suggest a base page of 16 KB for code or small data segments and a larger page of 256 KB for large data segments.
Reduction of HIV-1 in blood and lymph nodes following potent antiretroviral therapy and the virologic correlates of treatment failure (1997)

Potent antiretroviral therapy can reduce plasma HIV RNA levels below the threshold of detection for periods of a year or more. The magnitude of HIV RNA reduction in the lymphoid tissue in patients with suppression of HIV RNA levels in plasma beyond 6 months has not been determined. We evaluated levels of HIV RNA and DNA and characterized resistance mutations in blood and inguinal lymph node biopsies obtained from 10 HIV-infected subjects who received 36-52 weeks of indinavir (IDV)/zidovudine (ZDV)/lamivudine (3TC), IDV, or ZDV/3TC. After 1 year of therapy, viral RNA levels in LN of individuals remained detectable but were log10 = 4 lower than in subjects on the triple drug regimen with interruption of therapy or in those treated with ZDV/3TC alone, who had viral loads in their lymph nodes indistinguishable from those expected for untreated patients. In all cases viral DNA remained detectable in lymph nodes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). When plasma virus suppression was incomplete, lymph node and PBMC cultures were positive and drug resistance developed. These studies indicate that pronounced and sustained suppression of plasma viremia by a potent antiretroviral combination is associated with low HIV RNA levels in the lymph nodes 1 year after treatment. Conversely, the persistence of even modest levels of plasma virus after 1 year of treatment reflects ongoing viral replication, the emergence of drug resistance, and the maintenance of high burdens of virus in the lymph nodes.
New Cement Systems for Durable Zonal Isolation (2000)

Abstract In this paper we present new cement systems where the value of elastic parameters are specified to meet the requirement for long term mechanical durability. These systems can also contain expanding additives leading to an optimum configuration to prevent loss of zonal isolation due to change of downhole conditions. The advantages of these systems are demonstrated in field test cases where the cement sheath behavior as a function of changes of downhole conditions is modeled to determine whether damage could occur or not.
Post-Sieve Element Transport of Sucrose in Developing Seeds (1995)

Developing seeds of cereals and grain legumes have proven to be useful experimental models to examine post-sieve element assimilate transport in sink tissues. Morphologically, these seeds offer well-defined sinks in which the processes of sucrose import plus efflux and influx plus metabolism may be examined independently. In all cases, sucrose is delivered through the phloem to the maternal seed tissues. Unloading from the sieve element-companion cell complexes is symplastic. Subsequently, sucrose moves through a symplastic route to cells responsible for sucrose efflux to the seed apoplast. The efflux cells are located at, or near, the maternal/filial interface. Sucrose is retrieved from the seed apoplast by the outermost cell layers of the filial tissues. Subsequent transfer of sucrose to the sites of storage in the filial tissues is confined principally to a symplastic route. Sucrose efflux from the maternal tissues appears to be passive in cereals and energy dependent in grain legumes, possibly through a sucrose/proton antiport system. Sucrose influx across the plasma membranes of the filial cells is energy dependent and, for grain legumes, is energy coupled through a sucrose/proton symporter. Studies on the control of post-sieve element transport of sucrose have focused largely on the membrane transport steps. The role of phytohormones as modulators of sucrose transport is uncertain in grain legumes, efflux from the maternal cells could be regulated by rates of sucrose utilisation in the filial tissues through a turgor homeostat mechanism located in the efflux cells.
Mobilized peripheral blood: an updated perspective (2019)

Enforced egress of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) out of the bone marrow (BM) into the peripheral circulation, termed mobilization, has come a long way since its discovery over four decades ago. Mobilization research continues to be driven by the need to optimize the regimen currently available in the clinic with regard to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, costs, and donor convenience. In this review, we describe the most recent findings in the field and how we anticipate them to affect the development of mobilization strategies in the future. Furthermore, the significance of mobilization beyond HSC collection, i.e. for chemosensitization, conditioning, and gene therapy as well as a means to study the interactions between HSCs and their BM microenvironment, is reviewed. Open questions, controversies, and the potential impact of recent technical progress on mobilization research are also highlighted.
<i>Ex Vivo</i> Expansion of Highly Cytotoxic Human NK Cells by Cocultivation with Irradiated Tumor Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy (2013)

Adoptive natural killer (NK) cell therapy may offer an effective treatment regimen for cancer patients whose disease is refractory to conventional therapy. NK cells can kill a wide range of tumor cells by patterned recognition of target ligands. We hypothesized that tumor targets sensitive to NK lysis would drive vigorous expansion of NK cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Here, we provide the basis for developing a novel ex vivo expansion process. By screening class I-negative or -mismatched tumor cell lines we identified a Jurkat T-lymphoblast subline termed KL-1, which was highly effective in specifically expanding NK cells. KL-1 addition to PBMC cultures achieved approximately 100-fold expansion of NK cells with nearly 90% purity, accompanied by reciprocal inhibition of T-cell growth. Marked elevations in expression of activation receptors, natural cytotoxicity receptors (NKp30, NKp44), and adhesion molecules (CD11a, ICAM-1) were associated with high tumor-lytic capacity, in both in vitro and in vivo models. KL-1-mediated expansion of NK cells was contact dependent and required interactions with CD16, the Fcγ receptor on NK cells, with ligands that are expressed on B cells. Indeed, B-cell depletion during culture abrogated selective NK cell expansion, while addition of EBV-transformed B cells further augmented NK expansion to approximately 740-fold. Together, our studies define a novel method for efficient activation of human NK cells that employs KL-1-lysed tumor cells and cocultured B cells, which drive a robust expansion of potent antitumor effector cells that will be useful for clinical evaluation.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth of Chromate Conversion Coatings on High Purity Aluminum. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Functional and immunological relevance of the COOH‐terminal extension of human chorionic gonadotropin beta: implications for the WHO birth control vaccine (1993)

The World Health Organisation (WHO) Task Force on Birth Control Vaccines has selected the pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as a target molecule for a contraceptive vaccine. A synthetic peptide antigen corresponding to the amino acid sequence 109-145 of the carboxyl-terminal portion of the hCG beta-subunit (hCG beta CTP), which is supposed to elicit hCG-immunoneutralizing antibodies, has been submitted to clinical trials. Recent findings suggest that hCG beta CTP does not play a role in the biological activity of hCG. This raises the question concerning the assumed mechanism of action of the hCG beta CTP-based birth control vaccine. We therefore investigated the immunoneutralizing capacity of antibodies directed against hCG beta CTP. Although it is possible to generate specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for hCG by using hCG beta CTP as an immunogen, it appeared that the biological response to hCG was not affected by such antibodies. The reason for this is that the hCG-antibody-complex is still able to bind to target cell receptors and therefore the intended contraceptive effect should not occur. In addition there is a risk of hazardous possible side effects such as an autoimmune reaction against the ovary because we found that at least one epitope is still accessible for antibody binding on receptor-bound hCG. We conclude from our results that both the efficacy and safety of the WHO vaccine are not yet ensured.
Generalizing and Improving Bilingual Word Embedding Mappings with a Multi-Step Framework of Linear Transformations (2018)

Using a dictionary to map independently trained word embeddings to a shared space has shown to be an effective approach to learn bilingual word embeddings. In this work, we propose a multi-step framework of linear transformations that generalizes a substantial body of previous work. The core step of the framework is an orthogonal transformation, and existing methods can be explained in terms of the additional normalization, whitening, re-weighting, de-whitening and dimensionality reduction steps. This allows us to gain new insights into the behavior of existing methods, including the effectiveness of inverse regression, and design a novel variant that obtains the best published results in zero-shot bilingual lexicon extraction. The corresponding software is released as an open source project.
State Analysis and Aggregation Study for Multicast-based Micro Mobility (2001)

IP mobility addresses the problem of changing the network point-of-attachment transparently during movement. Mobile IP is the proposed standard by IETF. Several studies, however, have shown that Mobile IP has several drawbacks, such as triangle routing and poor handoff performance. Multicast-based mobility has been proposed as a promising solution to the above problems, incurring less end-to-end delays and fast smooth handoff. Nonetheless, such architecture suffers from multicast state scalability problems with the growth in number of mobile nodes. This architecture also requires ubiquitous multicast deployment and more complex security measures. To alleviate these problems, we propose an intra-domain multicast-based mobility solution. A mobility proxy allocates a multicast address for each mobile that moves to its domain. The mobile uses this multicast address within a domain for micro mobility. Also, aggregation is considered to reduce the multicast state. We conduct multicast state analysis to study the efficiency of several aggregation techniques. We use extensive simulation to evaluate our protocol's performance over a variety of real and generated topologies. We take aggregation gain as metric for our evaluation. Our simulation results show that in general leaky aggregation obtains better gains than perfect aggregation. Also, we notice that aggregation gain increases with the increase in number of visiting mobile nodes and with the decrease in number of mobility proxies within a domain.
The platelet P2Y12 receptor for adenosine diphosphate: congenital and drug-induced defects (2010)

P2Y₁₂, the G(i)-coupled platelet receptor for adenosine diphosphate (ADP), plays a central role in platelet function. Patients with congenital P2Y₁₂ defects display a mild to moderate bleeding diathesis, characterized by mucocutaneous bleedings and excessive post-surgical and post-traumatic blood loss. Defects of P2Y₁₂ should be suspected when ADP, even at high concentrations (≥ 10 μM), is unable to induce full, irreversible platelet aggregation. Tests that evaluate the degree of inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by ADP should be used to confirm the diagnosis. Drugs that inhibit P2Y₁₂ are potent antithrombotic drugs, attesting the central role played by P2Y₁₂ in platelet thrombus formation. Clopidogrel, the most widely used drug that inhibits P2Y₁₂, is effective both in monotherapy and in combination with acetylsalicylic acid. The most important drawback of clopidogrel is its inability to inhibit adequately P2Y₁₂-dependent platelet function in approximately one-third of patients who are therefore not protected from major cardiovascular events. New drugs, such as prasugrel and ticagrelor, which effectively inhibit P2Y₁₂ in the majority of patients, proved to be more efficacious than clopdidogrel in preventing major cardiovascular events. Although they increase the incidence of major bleedings, the net clinical benefit is in favor of the new P2Y₁₂ inhibitors.
Stability assurance and design optimization of large power delivery networks with multiple on-chip voltage regulators (2012)

Distributive on-chip voltage regulation is appealing to solving the power integrity problems in nowadays high-end SoCs. Nevertheless, ensuring the stability of large-scale power delivery networks regulated by a multiplicity of voltage regulators is challenging due to the size of the system and complex interactions between the regulators and the large loading network. We present a theoretically elegant framework that provides a rigorous guarantee for network stability. We further develop a practical design approach that largely decouples the design of linear voltage regulators from that of the complex load, making it feasible to ensure the stability of the complete network. The presented design approach has been successfully applied to several design examples with guaranteed stability and competitive performances.
Potential salicylamide antiplaque agents: in vitro antibacterial activity against Actinomyces viscosus (1981)

A series of 55 salicylamides, including 3,5-dibromo-, 5-n-alkyl-, and 5-n-acylsalicyloyl derivatives of various anilines, heterocyclic amines, benzylamines, and alkylamines, was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against Actinomyces viscosus, an adherent oral microorganism implicated in periodontal disease. The in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations of 15 4'-bromosalicylanilides were found to correlate (r = 0.92) with estimated log D values. Several nonhalogenated salicylanilides, such as 5-n-hexyl- (40) and 5-n-decanoyl-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (47), were found to exhibit higher levels of in vitro antibacterial activity against a number of Actinomycetes than did tribromsalan (1) or fluorophene (2).
Unexpected sequence diversity in the amino-terminal ends of the coat proteins of strains of sugarcane mosaic virus (1991)

The sequence of the 3'-terminal 1343 nucleotides of the SC strain of the sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV-SC) genome was compared with the 1376 nucleotides at the 3' terminus of maize dwarf mosaic virus B (MDMV-B). The SCMV-SC sequence includes an open reading frame which codes for the viral coat protein of 313 amino acids (nucleotides 157 to 1116), followed by a 3' non-coding region of 235 nucleotides and a poly(A) tail. The MDMV-B sequence codes for the capsid protein (nucleotides 157 to 1139) of 328 amino acids and has a 3' non-coding region of 236 nucleotides. The coat protein of SCMV-SC has 92% identity with that of MDMV-B except for the region between amino acid residues 27 and 70 of SCMV-SC. This region of SCMV-SC is smaller (44 residues) than the equivalent region in MDMV-B (59 residues) and has only 22% identity with the MDMV-B sequence. Possible mechanisms for the generation of this sequence diversity are discussed. Despite this diversity, the sequence identities of both the major part of the coat proteins and the 3' non-coding regions confirm the proposal, based on previously described serological data, that SCMV-SC and MDMV-B are strains of SCMV.
Large-volume multianvil cells designed for chemical synthesis at high pressures (2010)

Two multianvil cell assemblies with octahedral edge lengths (OEL) of 18 and 25 mm have been developed, which allow sample volumes of up to 153 and 387 mm3, respectively. Pressure calibrations were performed at room temperature and 1200 °C using quenched samples, and at variable temperature using in situ synchrotron measurements. These calibrations employed 25.4 mm tungsten carbide anvils with a truncation edge length of 12 mm for the 18 mm OEL cell (18/12 configuration) and 15 mm for the 25 mm OEL cell (25/15 configuration) and yielded sample pressures of up to 10 and 7.5 GPa, respectively, at loads approaching 800 t. The measured thermal gradients at 1200 °C vary between 5–10 °C/mm (18/12) and 15–20 °C/mm (25/15). By combining large sample/reaction volumes with minimal thermal gradients, the new multianvil cell assemblies are especially useful for chemical synthesis at high-pressure, high-temperature conditions.
An IOT based smart metering development for energy management system (2019)

<p>The worldwide energy demand is increasing and hence necessity measures need to be taken to reduce the energy wastage with proper metering infrastructure in the buildings. A Smart meter can be used to monitor electricity consumption of customers in the smart grid technology. For allocating the available resources proper energy demand management is required. During the past years, various methods are being utilized for energy demand management to precisely calculate the requirements of energy that is yet to come. A large system presents a potential esteem to execute energy conservation as well as additional services linked to energy services, extended as a competent with end user is executed. The supervising system at the utilities determines the interface of devices with significant advantages, while the communication with the household is frequently proposing particular structures for appropriate buyer-oriented implementation of a smart meter network. Also, this paper concentrates on the estimation of vitality utilization. In this paper energy is measured in units and also product arrangement is given to create bill for energy consumption and implementing in LabVIEW software. An IOT based platform is created for remote monitoring of the metering infrastructure in the real time. The data visualization is also carried out in webpage and the data packet loss is investigated in the remote monitoring of the parameters.</p>
커뮤니티댄스의 문화예술교육적 실천 전략 연구 (2012)

The study has paid attention to paradigm shift in arts and cultural education that was suggested as a way to overcome issues associated with particular values in modernism and at the same time, the study attempted to identify changes in arts and cultural education in an effort to expand the scope to include community of practice by exploring what community and communality actually stands for. It also explored that community dance, as a measure to act on arts and cultural education based on participation and practice, is closely tied to destinations of community and dance as they share a lot in common including interaction with each other and pursuit of non-competitive teaching. Community dance, as a strategic tool to practice arts and cultural education needs to stay open to all member of society and needs to contribute more to accommodating the social approaches to reach out for those socially and politically isolated. With the understanding, the study has outlined strategies as follows to perform educational practices while keeping the framework of arts as it is with an aim to restore public function of arts and contribute to community living. ·It should go further to expand the scope of communities that dance education has been targeting in traditional arts and cultural education to encounter and go into diversified communities in various nature. ·It should establish robust network before implementing community dance program and this requires deep understanding on partnerships. ·A partnership is a way to build and practice networking and it takes resources to build a partnership. So it is essential to conduct a pre-research on resources required to practice community dance. ·Building systematic network among participants of community dance with various backgrounds needs to be led and facilitated by Dance Animateur. ·Dance Animateur, the practitioner of community dance should take lead in creating, organizing and connecting. ·Program design starts from paying attention to common interest, value and issues of community but it should take time to consider and decide whether to accept the demand of community unconditionally. ·Program should persue shared objectives that are planned and organized based on debates from the community and should introduce dance in various formats and nature as it should be coordinated with needs and nature of participants. ·Dance in the form of arts to be the contents of community dance should sustain sense, symbolization and communication and participants can experience and practice genuine arts only when these principles are secured.
Life Prediction Of Cardiac Leads Under Cyclic Loading (2005)

Life prediction of cardiac leads under cyclic loading has relied on arbitrary test procedures to simulate field use and develop a figure of merit for the device performance. Theoretical models have been developed for the configurations of coils and wire ropes, which will allow accurate predictions of stress-strain and fatigue performance within coil segments subjected to various loading conditions. In this work, a large displacement biaxial test system is described, which will be used to validate the theoretical work.
Collaborative 3D digital content creation exploiting a Grid network (2009)

The increase in ease of the production of computer simulated graphics has opened new opportunities in the 3D industry. There are unlimited applications for the delivery of 3D Graphics especially concerning 3D multimedia presentation of digital content. Apart from aesthetic and entertaining reasons, experts apply computer simulations to visualize environments and to identify early errors or costs in order to limit the need of making real prototypes. Thus, 3D Graphics also minimize the time required for developing the final product. Existing 3D applications give partial support to users to engage in collaborative contribution for the production of a 3D model. However, when 3D artists are required to collaboratively produce a high quality 3D model based on thousands of polygons, they have to integrate the different parts of the model when the modelling process has been completed, which is a slow tedious process. This paper investigates how to dynamically and simultaneously apply changes to the same 3D model based on a collaborative network exploiting a Grid infrastructure.