gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for superconductivity in Li-decorated monolayer graphene (2015)

Monolayer graphene exhibits many spectacular electronic properties, with superconductivity being arguably the most notable exception. It was theoretically proposed that superconductivity might be induced by enhancing the electron-phonon coupling through the decoration of graphene with an alkali adatom superlattice [Profeta G, Calandra M, Mauri F (2012) Nat Phys 8(2):131-134]. Although experiments have shown an adatom-induced enhancement of the electron-phonon coupling, superconductivity has never been observed. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we show that lithium deposited on graphene at low temperature strongly modifies the phonon density of states, leading to an enhancement of the electron-phonon coupling of up to λ ≃ 0.58. On part of the graphene-derived π*-band Fermi surface, we then observe the opening of a Δ ≃ 0.9-meV temperature-dependent pairing gap. This result suggests for the first time, to our knowledge, that Li-decorated monolayer graphene is indeed superconducting, with Tc ≃ 5.9 K.
Fast Intra Prediction Mode Decision based on Rough Mode Decision and Most Probable Mode in HEVC (2014)

최신 동영상 압축 표준 기술인 HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding)는 기존의 AVC/H.264와 비교하여 동일 화질 대비 약 2배의 높은 압축률을 보여준다. 하지만 이러한 성능을 얻기 위하여 복잡한 연산이 필요한 기법들을 많이 도입한 결과, HEVC의 시간 복잡도는 AVC/H.264보다 더욱 증가하게 되었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 다양한 고속 알고리즘 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 HEVC에 구현된 RMD (Rough Mode Decision)의 결과와 MPM (Most Probable Mode)을 활용하여 고속화된 최적 예측 모드 결정 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 RMD 과정에서 계산한 예측 방향과 MPM 도출 과정에서 계산한 예측 방향을 비교하여 최적 예측 방향을 선정한다. 이 방법을 All-Intra 환경에서 실험한 결과, 평균 0.8%의 BD-rate 손실이 발생하였고 전체 부호화 실행 시간은 평균 26% 감소하였다. High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), the latest video coding standard, has twice of the compression efficiency compared to AVC/H.264 under the same image quality condition. To obtain the improved efficiency, however, it was adopted for many methods which need complicated calculation, and the time complexity of HEVC was increased more than that of AVC/H.264. To solve this problem, the various fast algorithms have been researched. In this paper, we propose a fast intra prediction mode decision method which uses result of Rough Mode Decision (RMD) and Most Probable Mode (MPM). The proposed method selects a best predicted mode by comparing each predicted directions which are calculated through RMD and MPM. We applied the proposed method to HM 10.0 and conducted an comparing experiment in All-Intra environment. The experiment result showed that total encoding time is reduced by about 26% on average with about a 0.8% loss of BD-rate.
Intra‐neural administration of fractalkine attenuates neuropathic pain‐related behaviour (2008)

There is increasing evidence that a number of cytokines and their receptors are involved in the processes that lead to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain states. Here we demonstrate that levels of CX3CR1 (the receptor for the chemokine fractalkine) mRNA in lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) increase 5.8-fold 7 days after sciatic nerve axotomy, and 1.7- and 2.9-fold, 3 and 7 days respectively, after the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain. In contrast, no significant change in the levels of fractalkine mRNA is apparent in the DRG after axotomy or SNI. The increase in CX3CR1 mRNA is paralleled by a 3.9- and 2.1-fold increase in the number of CX3CR1-positive macrophages in the DRG 7 days after axotomy and SNI, respectively. Expression of CX3CR1 in macrophages is also markedly increased in the sciatic nerve proximal to site of injury, by 25.7-fold after axotomy and 16.2-fold after SNI, 7 days after injury. Intra-neural injection into the sciatic nerve of 400 ng or 100 ng of fractalkine in adult 129OlaHsd mice significantly delayed the development of allodynia for 3 days following SNI. Further, CX3CR1 knockout (KO) mice display an increase in allodynia for three weeks after SNI compared to strain-matched Balb/c controls. Taken together, these results suggest an anti-allodynic role for fractalkine and its receptor in the mouse.
Influence of Oxide Structure on the Oxidation Rate of Nickel Single Crystals (1973)

The influence of metal orientation and the prior oxide film on the oxidation rate of nickel single crystals has been investigated at 600°C in Torr oxygen using a manometric technique and the specimens examined before and after oxidation by electron diffraction, x‐ray emission analysis, and electron microscopy. For nickel electropolished in sulfuric acid, the order of decreasing oxidation rate is found to be (100), (111), and (112). This anisotropy together with changes in oxidation rate with surface pretreatment can be explained by modification in the structure of the prior oxide; when a single orientation prior oxide persists the oxidation rate is low; when the oxide contains twin orientations or becomes polycrystalline, the oxidation rate is increased. The results may be interpreted in terms of a variation in the number of easy diffusion paths in the oxide; the higher the density of these paths the greater is the oxidation rate.
Site-directed immobilization of antibodies onto blood contacting grafts for enhanced endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation (2011)

Immobilization of antibodies, which exhibit high affinity towards the markers or receptors of endothelial cells (ECs) and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), is proven to be an effective strategy to accelerate endothelialization and thereby lower the thrombosis of blood contacting grafts. Here, we have developed a new periodate-oxidized (PO) site-directed immobilization approach to better control the orientation of antibodies and retain their immunoactivity. In this PO site-directed route, the 316L stainless steel (316LSS) model substrate was first coated with ethylene vinylacetate and followed by oxygen plasma treatment and silane functionalization. Then the periodate-oxidized anti-CD34 model antibodies were immobilized. XPS measurements indicated the successful immobilization of the anti-CD34. The immobilized antibodies retained their bioactivity and exhibited better capturing efficiency (increase of about 3-fold compared with the conventional glutaraldehyde surface treatment) of specific antigens. Consequently, the endothelial cell attachment, after 4 h and 12 h cultivation, increased 93% and 116%, respectively. Cells grew better on these antibody-coated substrates with a quick confluent cycle (∼12 h). Further studies showed that this PO site-directed approach was able to reduce blood coagulation. Therefore, this PO site-directed route developed here is a promising strategy to immobilize antibodies with controlled orientation and higher bioactivity for rapid re-endothelialization of the cardiovascular implants.
<title>Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Digicon Detector System Concepts</title> (1983)

A next logical step in the progression of state-of-the-art detector systems for use in astronomical observations is seen to be the development of an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) system, involving the incorporation of a thinned backside-illuminated CCD as the anode of a Space Telescope design Digicon tube. This concept extends the demonstrated fundamental photon counting accuracy, low background, sensitivity, and stability of the Digicon to the two-dimensional capabilities of CCDs. In particular, the CCD-Digicon combination enables (1) the use of magnetic deflection in order to take full advantage of the basic resolution elements in the system and to enhance the uniformity of elemental response, and (2) charge pulse centroiding to substantially increase the number of effective detector resolution elements without straining manufacturing techniques as would be required to produce such amounts of physical array cells. Results of recent investigations into the feasibility and characteristics of these techniques are presented.
Local-field correction to the spontaneous decay rate of atoms embedded in bodies of finite size (2006)

The influence of the size and shape of a dispersing and absorbing dielectric body on the local-field-corrected spontaneous decay of an excited atom embedded in a body is studied on the basis of the real-cavity model. By means of a Born expansion of the Green tensor of the system it is shown that to linear order in the susceptibility of the body the decay rate exactly follows Toma\ifmmode \check{s}\else \v{s}\fi{}'s formula found for the special case of an atom at the center of a homogeneous dielectric sphere [Phys. Rev. A 63, 053811 (2001)]. It is further shown that for an atom situated at the interior of an arbitrary dielectric body this formula remains valid beyond linear order. The case of an atom embedded in a weakly polarizable sphere is discussed in detail.
The Role of Public Library in Fostering National Integration for Development: A Case Study of Port Harcourt Literary Society (Phls) Library, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria (2018)

The relevance and role of public library in fostering national integration for development has received wide study but little or no similar review have been conducted or carried out in PHLS library hence, this study seeks to investigate the various areas it has contributed in integrating various groups within its host community and the public for development using four research objectives. Descriptive survey research was adopted for the study with a population of 62 comprising of 10 staff and 52 current registered users. Questionnaires were administered and the data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages. The results revealed that various information resources were available for use except the absence of functional e-library; various services were also carried out. The major challenges identified were inadequate fund, manpower, power supply, lack of e-library, among others. It was recommended among others that the management of PHLS library should endeavour to equip the e-library in order to meet up with the provision of access to digital information as to enhance its services delivery in this era of ICT.
CO‐PIGMENTATION OF ANTHOCYANINS UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS (1978)

ABSTRACT Complex formation of anthocyanins with other plant constituents and the resulting color intensification enhances the possibility of their use as naturally occurring food colorants. Anthocyanins representing the four pigment groups characteristic for Vitis species, e.g. malvidin‐3‐glucoside, malvidin‐3‐p‐coumarylglucoside, malvidin‐3,5‐diglucoside and malvidin‐3‐p‐coumarylglucoside‐5‐glucoside in the concentration range 4 X 10 ‐6 to 4 X 10 ‐3 M were investigated for complex formation in the presence of the flavonol glycoside rutin (0‐2.4 X 10 ‐2 M). The experiments performed under conditions similar to those existing in grape juice showed a maximum color intensification of 1000% with malvidin‐3,5‐diglucoside. A 44 nm shift in the absorption maximum was observed concurrently with color intensification. The ability of the investigated anthocyanins to form deeply colored complexes with rutin decreased in the following order: malvidin‐3,5‐diglucoside (1000%), malvidin‐3‐p‐coumarylglucosid‐5‐glucoside (500%), malvidin‐3‐p‐coumarylglucoside (490%) and malvidin‐3‐glucoside (145%).
Surface alteration of pollucite under hydrothermal conditions. (1990)

Abstract In connection with studies for evaluating the leachability of Cs from solidified radio-active waste, the surface alteration of pollucite was studied under hydrothermal conditions. Pollucite exposed to NaCl or KCl at 300°C formed on its surface a precipitate phase of analcime in the case of NaCl or leucite in the case of KCl. Cubo-octahedral analcime built up not only on the outermost surface of sample but also in the altered layer underneath. This crystal penetration was attributed to precipitation and isomorphous substitution of Na by Cs in the pollucite. The leachability of Cs proved to increase in keeping with salt concentration. Exposure to CaCl2 or to MgCl2 formed a thick precipitate layer of anorthite in the case of CaCl2 or clinochlore in the case of MgCl2 over a thin reaction layer. This precipitate layer had the effect of inhibiting the migration of Cs. Si and Al to restrain Cs leaching into solution, which caused the amount of Cs leached to level off beyond 0.01 mol·dm−3 salt concentration in the case of CaCl2, and beyond 0.01 mol·dm−3 in the case of MgCl2. KEYWORDS: surfaceshydrothermal alterationpolluciteleachabilityprecipitated phaseanalcimeleucitealtered layerreaction layercesiumanorthiteclinochlore
Automatic Optic Disc Abnormality Detection in Fundus Images: A Deep Learning Approach (2016)

Optic disc (OD) is a key structure in retinal images. It serves as an indicator to detect various diseases such as glaucoma and changes related to new vessel formation on the OD in diabetic retinopathy (DR) or retinal vein occlusion. OD is also essential to locate structures such as the macula and the main vascular arcade. Most existing methods for OD localization are rule-based, either exploiting the OD appearance properties or the spatial relationship between the OD and the main vascular arcade. The detection of OD abnormalities has been performed through the detection of lesions such as hemorrhaeges or through measuring cup to disc ratio. Thus these methods result in complex and inflexible image analysis algorithms limiting their applicability to large image sets obtained either in epidemiological studies or in screening for retinal or optic nerve diseases. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end supervised model for OD abnormality detection. The most informative features of the OD are learned directly from retinal images and are adapted to the dataset at hand. Our experimental results validated the effectiveness of this current approach and showed its potential application.
Approximating the Criticality Indices of the Activities in PERT Networks (1985)

A stochastic PERT network is a directed acyclic network in which the arc lengths are independent random variables with known distributions. A fundamental problem in PERT networks is to identify the activities which are critical to the achievement of the project objectives. In an activity network if the duration of each activity is not a random variable, then it is easy to identify the criticality of each activity represented by its float time. However, when the duration of any activity is a random variable, it is not easy to identify the criticality of each activity. In this case the criticality of an activity is known as the “criticality index,” which is defined as the sum of the criticality indices of the paths containing it. The criticality index of a path is the probability that the duration of the path is greater than or equal to the duration of every other path in the network. Clearly, the criticality index of an activity can be obtained by determining the criticality indices of the paths, which requires identifying all the paths, determining their criticality indices, then identifying the paths containing the activity. In this paper we develop a theory which leads to a procedure to approximate the criticality indices of all the activities without going through the above three steps. The procedure has been applied to large size PERT networks generated at random, and the results are found to be very close to those obtained by extensive Monte Carlo sampling.
Parapinopsin, a Novel Catfish Opsin Localized to the Parapineal Organ, Defines a New Gene Family (1997)

Multiple sites of extraretinal photoreception are present in vertebrates, but the molecular basis of extraretinal phototransduction is poorly understood. This study reports the cloning of the first opsin specifically expressed in the directly photosensitive pineal and parapineal of cold-blooded vertebrates. This opsin, identified in channel catfish and termed parapinopsin, defines a new gene family of vertebrate photopigments and is expressed in a majority of parapinealocytes and a subset of pineal photoreceptor cells. Parapinopsin shows a caudal-rostral gradient of expression within the pineal organ. This study also reports the cloning of partial cDNAs encoding the channel catfish orthologues of rhodopsin and the red cone pigment-the full complement of retinal opsins in the species. In situ hybridization studies using probes derived from these retinal opsins, together with parapinopsin, reveal no expression of retinal opsins in pineal and parapineal organ and no expression of any opsin tested in the "deep brain," iris, or dermal melanophores. These data imply that phototransduction in these sites of extraretinal photoreception must be mediated by novel opsins.
Single-Molecule Techniques and Cell-Free Protein Synthesis: A Perfect Marriage (2019)

Single-molecule techniques are currently an essential tool to study conformational changes as well as the synthesis and folding of proteins. However, the preparation of suitable protein samples is often time-consuming and demanding. The rapid development of cell-free protein synthesis over the last few years opened new perspectives for fast and easy sample preparation, but this was not fully exploited until now. Here, we take a look at the advancements in sample preparation as well as in the development of technical approaches and analytical tools, which unavoidably lead to the combination of single-molecule techniques and cell-free protein synthesis. It is an ideal combination that can unlock the full potential of studying complex biological processes in the near future.
Computer-controlled pulsed microwave processing of epoxy (1989)

A controlled pulsed microwave processing and diagnostic system has been developed and utilized to cure epoxy/amine resins at 2.45 GHz. This system can intelligently control input power to eliminate the characteristic temperature excursion resulting from the exothermic reaction and to cure epoxy/amine resins at a higher cure temperature without thermal degradation. Measurements of dielectric loss factor and temperature of the sample can also be made during the controlled pulsed-power cycle. 8 references, 9 figures.
Supporting aggregate queries over ad-hoc wireless sensor networks (2003)

We show how the database community's notion of a generic query interface for data aggregation can be applied to ad-hoc networks of sensor devices. As has been noted in the sensor network literature, aggregation is important as a data reduction tool; networking approaches, however, have focused on application specific solutions, whereas our in-network aggregation approach is driven by a general purpose, SQL-style interface that can execute queries over any type of sensor data while providing opportunities for significant optimization. We present a variety of techniques to improve the reliability and performance of our solution. We also show how grouped aggregates can be efficiently computed and offer a comparison to related systems and database projects.
Identity and Control (2012)

In this completely revised edition of one of the foundational texts of network sociology, Harrison White refines and enlarges his groundbreaking theory of how social structure and culture emerge from the chaos and uncertainty of social life. Incorporating new contributions from a group of young sociologists and many fascinating and novel case studies, Identity and Control is the only major book of social theory that links social structure with the lived experience of individuals, providing a rich perspective on the kinds of social formations that develop in the process. Going beyond traditional sociological dichotomies such as agency/structure, individual/society, or micro/macro, Identity and Control presents a toolbox of concepts that will be useful to a wide range of social scientists, as well as those working in public policy, management, or associational life and, beyond, to any reader who is interested in understanding the dynamics of social life.
RNAProfile: an algorithm for finding conserved secondary structure motifs in unaligned RNA sequences (2004)

The recent interest sparked due to the discovery of a variety of functions for non-coding RNA molecules has highlighted the need for suitable tools for the analysis and the comparison of RNA sequences. Many trans-acting non-coding RNA genes and cis-acting RNA regulatory elements present motifs, conserved both in structure and sequence, that can be hardly detected by primary sequence analysis alone. We present an algorithm that takes as input a set of unaligned RNA sequences expected to share a common motif, and outputs the regions that are most conserved throughout the sequences, according to a similarity measure that takes into account both the sequence of the regions and the secondary structure they can form according to base-pairing and thermodynamic rules. Only a single parameter is needed as input, which denotes the number of distinct hairpins the motif has to contain. No further constraints on the size, number and position of the single elements comprising the motif are required. The algorithm can be split into two parts: first, it extracts from each input sequence a set of candidate regions whose predicted optimal secondary structure contains the number of hairpins given as input. Then, the regions selected are compared with each other to find the groups of most similar ones, formed by a region taken from each sequence. To avoid exhaustive enumeration of the search space and to reduce the execution time, a greedy heuristic is introduced for this task. We present different experiments, which show that the algorithm is capable of characterizing and discovering known regulatory motifs in mRNA like the iron responsive element (IRE) and selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) stem-loop structures. We also show how it can be applied to corrupted datasets in which a motif does not appear in all the input sequences, as well as to the discovery of more complex motifs in the non-coding RNA.
Effects of the Addition of Potassium or Sodium, but Not Calcium, to Prepartum Rations on Milk Fever in Dairy Cows (1997)

The effects of prepartum dietary concentrations of K, Na, and Ca on the incidence of periparturient hypocalcemia or milk fever was determined for older (> or = 4th lactation) Jersey cows. Cows were fed one of six diets differing in K and Ca contents. In addition, the effect of dietary Na (tested only at the high concentration of dietary Ca, and low concentration of dietary K) was examined. Treatments were arranged in an incomplete 2 x 4 factorial design; dietary Ca (0.5 or 1.5%) and dietary strong cations (1.1, 2.1, and 3.1% K or 1.3% Na) were the main effects. Dietary Ca did not significantly affect the incidence of milk fever of the degree of hypocalcemia experienced by the cows. Milk fever occurred in 2 of 20 cows that were fed the prepartum diet containing 1.1% K and 0.12% Na. Increasing dietary K to 2.1 or 3.1% increased the incidence of milk fever to 10 of 20 cows and 11 of 23 cows, respectively. Increasing dietary Na to 1.3% in the diet containing 1.5% Ca induced milk fever in 5 of 8 cows. Addition of strong cations to the prepartum diet increased blood and urine pH and reduced plasma hydroxyproline concentrations, suggesting that bone resorption of Ca is inhibited in cows fed high K or high Na diets as a result of metabolic alkalosis. These data demonstrated that dietary Ca concentration is not a major risk factor for milk fever and that dietary strong cations, especially K, induce metabolic alkalosis in the prepartum dairy cow, which reduces the ability of the cow to maintain Ca homeostasis.