gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient and stable ray tracing algorithm for parametric surfaces (2002)

In this paper, we propose an efficient and stable algorithm for finding the ray-surface intersections. Newton’s method and Bézier clipping are adapted to form the core of our algorithm. Ray coherence is used to find starting points for Newton iteration. We introduce an obstruction detection technique to verify whether an intersection point found by using Newton’s method is the closest one. When Newton’s method fails to achieve convergence, we use Bézier clipping as the substitution to find the intersection points. This combination achieves significant improvement in tracing primary rays. A similar approach also successfully improves the performance in tracing secondary rays. Keywords: ray tracing, Newton’s method, Bézier clipping, parametric surfaces, ray coherence, Bézier surface
Specular spin-valve films with an FeCo nano-oxide layer by ion-assisted oxidation (2002)

We compared the specular spin-valve films with an Fe50Co50 nano-oxide layer (NOL) and a Co90Fe10 NOL in a pinned layer, prepared by natural oxidation (NO) and ion-assisted oxidation (IAO). For the IAO, an Ar-ion beam was used for the energy-assist effect during the oxidation, resulting in thermally stable NOL formation. With small oxygen exposures during the oxidation for the Fe50Co50 NOL by IAO, good ferromagnetic coupling through the NOL and high specularity at the NOL interface were concurrently obtained. Moreover, twisted coupling through the NOL was observed for the Fe50Co50 NOL by IAO for higher oxygen exposures. On the other hand, the NO did not cause large magnetoresistance (MR) enhancement for either the Co90Fe10 or Fe50Co50 NOLs, and the Co90Fe10 NOL by IAO caused weak magnetic coupling through the NOL, resulting in a small MR ratio. The Fe50Co50 NOL for small oxygen exposures is a good candidate for a final specular spin-valve film head for 100-Giga-bit per square inch recording.
Trimetrexate-Leucovorin Dosage Evaluation Study for Treatmentof Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (1990)

To determine the maximal tolerable dosage of trimetrexate for treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia, 25 patients were treated each day with 45 mg/m2 of trimetrexate and 80 mg/m2 of leucovorin; 10 received 60 mg/m2 and 80 mg/m2; 12 received 60 mg/m2 and 160 mg/m2; and 6 received 90 mg/m2 and 160 mg/m2, respectively. Leucovorin was increased twofold and trimetrexate reduced by 50% or suspended briefly for various levels of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia until blood counts increased. Dosage-modifying hematologic toxicity occurred in 12 (46%), 8 (80%), 9 (75%), and 4 (67%) patients with the respective groups. Cytopenias were in each case reversible and other toxicities were well tolerated. All survivors but one were able to receive a full 21 doses of trimetrexate. Twenty-four (92%), 10 (100%), 7 (58%), and 4 (80%) of patients in the respective groups survived. Thus, the 45 mg/m2/day dosage of trimetrexate with 80 mg/m2/day of leucovorin resulted in the least dosage-modifying toxicity and excellent efficacy. This combination should be selected for studies to compare trimetrexate with other therapies for pneumocystis pneumonia.
Auto-Tandem Catalysis in the Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines from Aldimines and Electron-Rich Olefins: Cascade Povarov−Hydrogen-Transfer Reaction (2008)

We demonstrated a catalytic cascade inverse electron demand hetero-Diels-Alder reaction (Povarov reaction) and hydrogen-transfer process. The reaction of electron-rich olefins and excess amount of imines in the presence of acid catalysts under appropriate conditions affords substituted quinolines in a single operation. In the cascade process, the catalysts, such as Tf2NH, TfOH, and Lewis acids, catalyze two mechanistically distinct reactions (auto-tandem catalysis). We also describe the synthetic utility of the prepared quinolines.
Nonlinear control of a buoyancy-driven airship (2009)

The control of a new kind of airship is presented. By restricting its flight to a vertical plane, the mathematical model is reduced. The simplified model is proved to be minimum phase, and a nonlinear controller based on input-output linearization is designed. Since the performance of the controller is significantly impacted by the choice of parameters, simulations of three different pole placement strategies are presented. The nonlinear controller shows better performances than a linear LQR controller when the initial condition is significantly away from the desired equilibrium.
Generalized Equation for the Permeability of Heterogeneous Polymer Materials (2001)

For two-component phase-separated polymer systems, the Landauer and modified Landauer equations can be introduced using the Maxwell model based on the double-layer model and the Senuma model based on the double-column model, in which the sphere particles are dispersed in a matrix component. The following generalized equation for permeability was introduced by combining the Landauer and modified Landauer equations to (P – Pa)(QP + Pb)/{P(Q + 1)} = Vb(Pb – Pa), where P, Pa and Pb are the permeability coefficients of the overall system, and of components A and B, respectively. Vb is the volume fraction of component B, and Q is a constant. This equation represents the series, Senuma, Maxwell and parallel models at substitutions of 0, 0.5, 2.0 and ∞ for the Q values, respectively, and could be applied to published experimental permeation data. The experimental data were distributed around the curves calculated from Q values of 0.5 to 2.5. Morphologies were assumed based on the estimated Q values.
AGORA: the Interactive Document Image Analysis Tool of the BVH Project (2006)

In this paper, we describe how meta-data of indexation can be extracted from historical document images using an interactive process with a software called AGORA. The algorithms involved in AGORA use two maps to segment noisy images: a shape map that focuses on connected components and a background map that provides information on white areas corresponding to block separations in the page. Using a first segmentation result obtained by using these two maps, meta-data can be extracted according to scenarios produced by the users. These scenarios are defined very simply during an interactive stage. The user is able to make processing sequences adapted to the different kinds of images he is likely to meet and according to the desired meta-data. Finally, we describe different experimentations that have been done during the BVH project to test the usability and the performances of AGORA software
New Tubular Design Ellipse With Backup Pressure (2017)

Summary This paper develops a new von Mises ellipse based on backup pressure (internal pressure for collapse and external pressure for burst), so the new API collapse equations with dependence on internal pressure can be shown simultaneously on the same plot with the ellipse. Unlike the current ellipse used for casing and tubing design which is approximate, the new ellipse is exact for collapse, burst, and axial loads. Without the new ellipse, the approximate ellipse will continue to be used, and the new API collapse equations must be plotted separately. Example cases demonstrate the advantages of the new ellipse, including increased accuracy. Results help clarify many questions about the new API collapse equations, namely where they come from and how to use them.
Detection and incidence of neutralizing antibodies to interferon-alpha-n1. (1989)

Sera obtained from 612 patients enrolled in 40 different clinical trials with an interferon-alpha-n1 (IFN-alpha-n1) preparation have been tested for neutralizing activity against this IFN in a cytopathic effect inhibition assay. Positive samples were assayed in triplicate. Of 391 patients treated for human papillomavirus infections, 13 developed neutralizing antibodies (3.3%); two suffering from condylomata acuminata and 11 from juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis (JLP). None has positive titers prior to receiving IFN-alpha-n1 and none appeared to lose the benefits of IFN treatment. Serial specimens from four JLP patients demonstrated that titers rose during IFN treatment and declined postherapy. None of the 221 cancer patients from whom serum samples were available had positive titers. The overall incidence of IFN neutralizing sera from these IFN-alpha-n1 recipients was 2.1%.
Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MIMO: A Survey (2017)

Hybrid multiple-antenna transceivers, which combine large-dimensional analog pre/postprocessing with lower-dimensional digital processing, are the most promising approach for reducing the hardware cost and training overhead in massive MIMO systems. This article provides a comprehensive survey of the various incarnations of such structures that have been proposed in the literature. We provide a taxonomy in terms of the required channel state information, that is, whether the processing adapts to the instantaneous or average (second-order) channel state information; while the former provides somewhat better signal- to-noise and interference ratio, the latter has much lower overhead for CSI acquisition. We furthermore distinguish hardware structures of different complexities. Finally, we point out the special design aspects for operation at millimeter-wave frequencies.
<title>Recursive Least-Squares Minimization Using A Systolic Array</title> (1983)

A systolic array for performing recursive least-squares minimization is desc/ performs an orthogonal triangularization of the data matrix using a pipelined SE© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
V. Experiments on the action of light on <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (1893)

Abstract It is abundantly evinced by experiments that direct insolation in some way leads to the destruction of spores of Bacillus anthracis, and in so far the results merely confirm what had already been dis­covered by Downes and Blunt in 1877 and 1878. From the fact that an apparent retardation of the development of the colonies on plates exposed to light was observed several times under circumstances which suggested a direct inhibitory action of even ordinary day-light, the author went further into this particular question with results as startling as they are important, for if the explanation given of the phenomena observed in the following experiments turns out to be the correct one, we stand face to face with the fact that by far the most potent factor in the purification of the air and rivers of bacteria is the sun-light.
The smartphone as enabler for road traffic information based on cellular network signalling (2013)

The higher penetration rate of GPS-enabled smartphones together with their improved processing power and battery life makes them suitable for a number of participatory sensing applications. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how GPS-enabled smartphones can be used in a participatory sensing context to build a radio map for RSS-based positioning, with a special focus on road traffic information based on cellular network signalling. The CEP-67 location accuracy achieved is 75 meters for both GSM and UMTS using Bayesian classification. For this test site, the accuracy is similar for GSM and UMTS, with slightly better results for UMTS in the CEP-95 error metric. The location accuracy achieved is good enough to avoid large errors in travel time estimation for highway environments, especially considering the possibility to filter out estimates with low accuracy using for example the posterior bin probability in Bayesian classification. For urban environments more research is required to determine how the location accuracy will affect the path inference problem in a dense road network. The location accuracy achieved in this paper is also sufficient for other traffic information types, for example origin-destination estimation based on location area updates.
Ferroelectric liquid crystals from banana-shaped achiral molecules with vinyl end groups (2002)

Banana-shaped achiral compounds, the 1,3-phenylene bis[4-(alkenyloxyphenyliminomethyl)benzoate]s, were synthesized with varying length of the alkenyl group; their ferroelectric properties are described. The smectic mesophases, including a switchable chiral smectic C (SmC*) phase, were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and the triangular wave method. The presence of vinyl groups at the ends of the linear side-wings in the banana-shaped achiral molecules, containing a Schiff's base mesogen, induced a decrease in melting temperature and formation of the switchable SmC* phase in the melt. The compound having the octenyloxy group exhibited a spontaneous polarization of 120 nC cm−2 on reversal of an applied electric field.
The behavior of insertions near a site of mitotic gene conversion in yeast. (1988)

In yeast, coincident gene conversion events involving the LEU1 and TRP5 loci (16 cM apart) occur at frequencies that are far greater than is expected for two independent acts of recombination. When a large plasmid (pJM53) is placed between these genes so that a direct repeat is produced, there is frequent loss of the insert among coincident convertants. Previous results strongly suggest that this is due to a separate, intrachromosomal exchange between the direct repeats rather than to excision from an extensive region of heteroduplex DNA. In this paper, we extend our genetic and molecular analysis to a plasmid insertion (pKSH) which replaces rather than duplicates the chromosomal material. The relative stabilities of pKSH and pJM53 are compared among coincident Leu+Trp+ convertants and convertants involving only one locus (LEU1). The pKSH insertion is significantly more stable in the latter which constitute a large majority of the selectable recombinants. In the former, both insertions are lost with high frequency. These results are used to argue that, while most mitotic conversion does not result from long intermediates, coincident convertants may arise from either multiple intermediates or extensive heteroduplex regions.
Electrocochleography (1973)

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Study on prediction model of blast furnace hot metal temperature (2016)

In order to improve the accuracy of blast furnace hot metal temperature prediction in iron and steel enterprises, the Grey Relational Analysis and Support Vector Machine optimized by Genetic Algorithm Optimization method is proposed to solve this. Firstly, the main factors which influence the blast furnace hot metal temperature are determined by the Grey Relational Analysis, and then the prediction model is established by the support vector machine based on Genetic Algorithm Optimization. This method is compared with other prediction methods. The simulation result indicates GRA-GA-SVM have higher prediction accuracy. A new and more effective method is put forward for blast furnace hot metal temperature of prediction.
Inverting X: an architecture for a shared distributed window system (2002)

Shared window systems have become a popular vehicle for supporting distributed, synchronous collaboration. At present they are difficult to build and they support limited paradigms of multi-user interaction with shared applications. We believe this difficulty is largely due to the inverted nature of the client/server architecture of most distributed window systems. The architecture is inverted in the sense that the user is nearer the server than the client; this hampers attempts to share windows. By comparing the traditional client/server architecture of distributed file systems with the inverted architecture of distributed window systems we argue that it is possible to develop window systems where the user is nearer window system clients than servers, and that this architecture greatly facilitates the sharing of windows among users.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sensitivity of the developing rat brain to hypobaric/ischemic damage parallels sensitivity to N-methyl-aspartate neurotoxicity (1989)

The endogenous excitotoxin, glutamate (Glu), acting at the N-methyl-aspartate (NMA) subtype of Glu receptor, is thought to play a major role in hypoxic/ischemic neuronal degeneration. In the present study, the sensitivities of the developing rat CNS to hypoxic/ischemic neuronal degeneration and to the neurotoxic action of NMA were compared at various postnatal ages. In the hypoxic/ischemic experiments, ischemia was produced by unilateral common carotid artery ligation and hypoxia by subjecting the pups to a partial vacuum. Keeping the duration of the hypobaric episode constant at 75 min for all age groups, we observed that the vulnerability of the immature brain to hypobaric/ischemic damage increased during the early neonatal period (days 2-4), reached a peak at day 6 and then diminished progressively with increasing age. In the second part of the study, NMA was microinjected unilaterally into the head of the caudate nucleus at various postnatal ages (2-80 d). In the early neonatal period (days 2-6), injections of relatively small doses of NMA (6-15 nmol) produced a dose-dependent widespread excitotoxic reaction throughout the forebrain with peak sensitivity being observed on day 6. The cytotoxic reaction to NMA was identical in appearance and time course to that induced by hypobaric/ischemic methods. With increasing age, the excitotoxic response to a given dose of NMA decreased progressively and the lesions became more strictly confined to the injection site. Cell populations most sensitive to NMA toxicity in the 2-10 d period closely correlated with those most vulnerable to hypoxia/ischemia, and sensitivity to both types of injury reached a peak at 6 d. These findings reinforce other evidence linking an excitotoxic mechanism and the NMA subtype of Glu receptor to hypoxic/ischemic brain damage and suggest that there may be a period during development when NMA receptors are hypersensitive to excitotoxic stimulation, thus rendering the neurons possessing such receptors hypervulnerable to hypoxic/ischemic damage.
Screen2Words: Automatic Mobile UI Summarization with Multimodal Learning (2021)

Mobile User Interface Summarization generates succinct language descriptions of mobile screens for conveying important contents and functionalities of the screen, which can be useful for many language-based application scenarios. We present Screen2Words, a novel screen summarization approach that automatically encapsulates essential information of a UI screen into a coherent language phrase. Summarizing mobile screens requires a holistic understanding of the multi-modal data of mobile UIs, including text, image, structures as well as UI semantics, motivating our multi-modal learning approach. We collected and analyzed a large-scale screen summarization dataset annotated by human workers. Our dataset contains more than 112k language summarization across $\sim$22k unique UI screens. We then experimented with a set of deep models with different configurations. Our evaluation of these models with both automatic accuracy metrics and human rating shows that our approach can generate high-quality summaries for mobile screens. We demonstrate potential use cases of Screen2Words and open-source our dataset and model to lay the foundations for further bridging language and user interfaces.
W/WNx/poly-Si gate technology for future high speed deep submicron CMOS LSIs (2002)

In this paper, a new gate structure, W/WNx/poly-Si, was proposed as the breakthrough to combat the serious parasitic effect caused by RC delay of gate electrode in down-scaled CMOS devices. MOSFETs with the gate electrode structure were fabricated with a deep submicron CMOS process. As a result, 1.6/spl Omega//spl square/ gate sheet resistance without an increase in fine line gate was obtained. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the thin WNx layer formed by reactive sputtering can be an excellent barrier layer from the gate oxide integrity and W/poly-Si contact resistivity point of view.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A study on accelerated preconditioning test (2002)

Preconditioning testing (PT) is widely used in the semiconductor industry for the testing of plastic SMDs. This test has 6 levels with 3 different temperature-humidity (TH) settings, and thus at least 3 TH ovens are needed to support conventional PT over 6 levels. This paper proposes an accelerated PT method to replace the conventional method, where PT at 6 levels can be conducted under one TH setting. This means that one oven is needed for PT over 6 levels. Also, the accelerated PT test time and cost at levels 2-6 are greatly reduced. In addition, it is not necessary for inspectors to change TH settings, so that possible human errors can be avoided.
Fish Science Center Cast Off (2006)

In a controversial move, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA)—the U.S. federal agency that oversees Pacific Northwest hydropower—has appointed new groups to count salmon returning to upstream spawning grounds. Last week, BPA announced that it will cut ties in March to the Fish Passage Center (FPC), an 11-person, $1.3 million operation that has long provided data to biologists who determine fishing seasons and salmon-recovery plans.
The  -glucuronidase klotho exclusively activates the epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 (2008)

These results suggest a modulating effect for klotho primarily restricted to the epithelial Ca(2+) channels TRPV5 and TRPV6.
“THE GODS DESERVE YOUR KINFNESS ”: “KING LEAR”, III. vi. 5 (1963)

“THE GODS DESERVE YOUR KINFNESS ”: “KING LEAR”, III. vi. 5 Get access MACD. P. JACKSON MACD. P. JACKSON Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 10, Issue 3, March 1963, Pages 101-a–101, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/10-3-101a Published: 01 March 1963
Formation of Aromatic Amino Acid Pools in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (1970)

Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were taken up into cells of Escherichia coli K-12 by a general aromatic transport system. Apparent Michaelis constants for the three amino acids were 4.7 x 10(-7), 5.7 x 10(-7), and 4.0 x 10(-7)m, respectively. High concentrations (> 0.1 mm) of histidine, leucine, methionine, alanine, cysteine, and aspartic acid also had an affinity for this system. Mutants lacking the general aromatic transport system were resistant to p-fluorophenylalanine, beta-2-thienylalanine, and 5-methyltryptophan. They mapped at a locus, aroP, between leu and pan on the chromosome, being 30% cotransducible with leu and 43% cotransducible with pan. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were also transported by three specific transport systems. The apparent Michaelis constants of these systems were 2.0 x 10(-6), 2.2 x 10(-6), and 3.0 x 10(-6)m, respectively. An external energy source, such as glucose, was not required for activity of either general or specific aromatic transport systems. Azide and 2,4-dinitrophenol, however, inhibited all aromatic transport, indicating that energy production is necessary. Between 80 and 90% of the trichloroacetic acid-soluble pool formed from a particular exogenous aromatic amino acid was generated by the general aromatic transport system. This contribution was abolished when uptake was inhibited by competition by the other aromatic amino acids or by mutation in aroP. Incorporation of the former amino acid into protein was not affected by the reduction in its pool size, indicating that the general aromatic transport system is not essential for the supply of external aromatic amino acids to protein synthesis.