gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural killer cells in the thymus. Studies in mice with severe combined immune deficiency. (1990)

The relationship between NK cell and T cell progenitors was investigated by using mice with severe combined immune deficiency (scid). Scid mice are devoid of mature T and B cells because they cannot rearrange their Ig and TCR genes. However, they have normal splenic NK cells. Thymus of scid mice, although markedly hypocellular, contains cells that lyse YAC-1, an NK-sensitive tumor cell. By flow cytometry, two populations of cells were identified in the scid thymus. Eighty percent of the cells were Thy-1+, IL-2R(7D4)+, J11d+, CD3-, CD4-, CD8- whereas the remaining were IL-2R-, J11d-, CD3-, CD4-, and CD8-. By cell sorting, all NK activity was found in the latter population, which is phenotypically similar to splenic NK cells. To determine if the thymus contains a bipotential NK/T progenitor cell, J11d+, IL-2R+ cells were cultured and analyzed for the generation of NK cells in vitro. These cells were used because they resemble 15-day fetal and adult CD4- CD8- thymocytes that are capable of giving rise to mature T cells. Cultured J11d+ thymocytes acquired non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity, but in contrast to mature NK cells, the resulting cells contained mRNA for the gamma, delta, and epsilon-chains of CD3. This suggests that J11d+ cells are early T cells that can acquire the ability to kill in a non-MHC-restricted manner, but which do not give rise to NK cells in vitro. The differentiative potential of scid thymocytes was also tested in vivo. Unlike bone marrow cells, scid thymocytes containing 80% J11d+ cells failed to give rise to NK cells when transferred into irradiated recipients. Together these results suggest that mature NK cells reside in the thymus of scid mice but are not derived from a common NK/T progenitor.
CD45: A Critical Regulator of Signaling Thresholds in Immune Cells (2003)

Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation is a critical control point for integration of environmental signals into cellular responses. This regulation is mediated by the reciprocal actions of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. CD45, the first and prototypic receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase, is expressed on all nucleated hematopoietic cells and plays a central role in this process. Studies of CD45 mutant cell lines, CD45-deficient mice, and CD45-deficient humans initially demonstrated the essential role of CD45 in antigen receptor signal transduction and lymphocyte development. It is now known that CD45 also modulates signals emanating from integrin and cytokine receptors. Recent work has focused on regulation of CD45 expression and alternative splicing, isoform-specific differences in signal transduction, and regulation of phosphatase activity. From these studies, a model is emerging in which CD45 affects cellular responses by controlling the relative threshold of sensitivity to external stimuli. Perturbation of this function may contribute to autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and malignancy. Moreover, recent advances suggest that modulation of CD45 function can have therapeutic benefit in many disease states.
DARPA Quantum Network Testbed (2007)

BBN has designed and built the world's first Quantum Network testbed, delivering end-to-end network security via high-speed Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), and testing that Network against sophisticated eavesdropping attacks. BBN has fielded this ultrahigh-security network into commercial fiber across the metro Boston area. BBN's QKD network comprises 10 nodes. It is both extremely secure and 100% compatible with today's Internet technology. Four of the 10 nodes are running 24x7 over Boston metro telecom fiber between BBN, BU and Harvard and protecting Internet traffic; four other nodes are free-space; and two are based on polarization entanglement through fiber. BBN also teamed with NIST & University of Rochester to build the first superconducting single-photon detector. It saw first light in 2005. We characterized our prototype detector at temperatures ranging from 2K to 4K and expect to operate a full detector suite in early 2006 at speed up to 100MHz (20x faster than any existing detector). BBN also collaborated with MIT to build the world's first experimental demonstration of Eve, a quantum eavesdropper. The results were published in Summer 2006.
Mutations in <i>SYNGAP1</i> in Autosomal Nonsyndromic Mental Retardation (2009)

Although autosomal forms of nonsyndromic mental retardation account for the majority of cases of mental retardation, the genes that are involved remain largely unknown. We sequenced the autosomal gene SYNGAP1, which encodes a ras GTPase-activating protein that is critical for cognition and synapse function, in 94 patients with nonsyndromic mental retardation. We identified de novo truncating mutations (K138X, R579X, and L813RfsX22) in three of these patients. In contrast, we observed no de novo or truncating mutations in SYNGAP1 in samples from 142 subjects with autism spectrum disorders, 143 subjects with schizophrenia, and 190 control subjects. These results indicate that SYNGAP1 disruption is a cause of autosomal dominant nonsyndromic mental retardation.
Reaction of primary amides with phosgene in the presence of hydrogen chloride [to give pyrimidinones] (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of primary amides with phosgene in the presence of hydrogen chloride [to give pyrimidinones]Shozo Yanagida, Hiroshi Hayama, and Saburo KomoriCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 12, 4180–4181Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01264a100https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01264a100research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parenteral Influenza Vaccination Induces A Rapid Systemic And Local Immune Response (1995)

The kinetics of the local immune response in the upper respiratory tract to parenterally administered inactivated split trivalent influenza vaccine were examined in 19 healthy subjects. Influenza virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) could be detected as early as 2 days after vaccination in peripheral blood and tonsils, with a peak at approximately 1 week after vaccination and a decline to insignificant levels after 6 weeks. Circulating ASC produced IgG, IgA, and IgM, whereas ASC in tonsils produced mainly IgA and IgM. Influenza virus-specific antibodies were predominantly IgG and IgM in serum and IgA in oral fluid; they rose after 1 week and were elevated at 6 weeks. This may indicate a secretory involvement of the anti-influenza virus response in the upper respiratory tract. Parenteral influenza vaccination induced an immediate and significant immune response in both the upper respiratory tract and peripheral blood.
New modes of action of fungicides (2000)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Cloning, Characterization, and Expression of a Novel Zn <sup>2+</sup> -Binding FYVE Finger-Containing Phosphoinositide Kinase in Insulin-Sensitive Cells (1999)

Signaling by phosphorylated species of phosphatidylinositol (PI) appears to regulate diverse responses in eukaryotic cells. A differential display screen for fat- and muscle-specific transcripts led to identification and cloning of the full-length cDNA of a novel mammalian 2,052-amino-acid protein (p235) from a mouse adipocyte cDNA library. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that p235 contains an N-terminal zinc-binding FYVE finger, a chaperonin-like region in the middle of the molecule, and a consensus for phosphoinositide 5-kinases at the C terminus. p235 mRNA appears as a 9-kb transcript, enriched in insulin-sensitive cells and tissues, likely transcribed from a single-copy gene in at least two close-in-size splice variants. Specific antibodies against mouse p235 were raised, and both the endogenously and heterologously expressed proteins were biochemically detected in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and transfected COS cells, respectively. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis of endogenous p235 localization in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with affinity-purified anti-p235 antibodies documented a punctate peripheral pattern. In COS cells, the expressed p235 N-terminal but not the C-terminal region displayed a vesicular pattern similar to that in 3T3-L1 adipocytes that became diffuse upon Zn2+ chelation or FYVE finger truncation. A recombinant protein comprising the N-terminal but not the C-terminal region of the molecule was found to bind 2.2 mole equivalents of Zn2+. Determination of the lipid kinase activity in the p235 immunoprecipitates derived from 3T3-L1 adipocytes or from COS cells transiently expressing p235 revealed that p235 displayed unique preferences for PI substrate over already phosphorylated PI. In conclusion, the mouse p235 protein determines an important novel class of phosphoinositide kinases that seems to be targeted to specific intracellular loci by a Zn-dependent mechanism.
Fractionation and Characterization of Dent Corn and Amylomaize Starch Granules (1980)

Abstract Starch granules of dent corn and Classes V and VII amylomaizes were fractionated according to size by an aqueous differential sedimentation procedure. The sized fractions were characterized by microscopy and by a modified method for determining their iodine binding capacities. Results show an inverse relationship between granule size and iodine binding capacity in the amylomaizes. Ordinary dent corn does not show this. The percent apparent amylose in the fractions of amylomaize V starch amounted to 40% for the largest size particles and 52% for the smallest ones; for amylomaize VII starch, 46% for the large particles and 70% for the small particles. Dent corn averaged 23% apparent amylose.
Kinetics of the boron-oxygen related defect in theory and experiment (2010)

The formation of boron-oxygen complexes in boron-doped crystalline silicon can lead to a severe reduction in the minority charge carrier lifetime. This strongly influences, e.g., solar cell efficiencies if the material is used for photovoltaic application. Recent investigations have shown that a recovery of the carrier lifetime can be achieved by a subsequent thermally enhanced reaction induced by charge carriers. A model of the reaction dynamics of the boron-oxygen complex by means of rate equations is presented in this paper. Following a mathematical description of the reactions involved, the consequences based on the calculations are presented and allow a prediction of the observable electrical parameters. The fundamental agreement with measured data is proven experimentally for different phenomena.
Human Antihemophilic Factor (AHF) Purification A Comparison of Two Procedures (1966)

Summary A method is described for the precipitation from plasma of a human AHF fraction (Fraction AA) with beta alanine. The Fraction AA is further purified by reprecipitation with beta alanine or by adsorption with Florigel or bentonite. Reprecipitation with beta alanine is a convenient step as no additional equipment or reagents are required for the second precipitation. All reagents can be rendered sterile and free of pyrogens. When the precipitates are quantitatively dissolved, the yields are greater than 70% and purification ranges from 300-600 times. The adsorption procedure also has advantages. Adsorption adds only 45 minutes to a 6 hour fractionation. AHF recovery is as high as 70% with a purification of 3,000 to 5,000 times.
The role of signaling pathways in the expansion of corneal epithelial cells in serum-free B27 supplemented medium. (2010)

Most signaling pathway genes are upfolded by B27 supplementation in the corneal epithelial cell culture; it could be an efficient replacement for serum.
Lane assignment on automated highway systems (1997)

The automation of highways as part of the intelligent vehicle highway system (IVHS) program is seen as a way to alleviate congestion on urban highways. This paper discusses the concept of lane assignment in the context of automated highway systems (AHS). Lane assignments represent the scheduling of the path taken by the vehicle once it enters an automated multilane corridor. We discuss the classification of lane assignment strategies into nonpartitioned (totally unconstrained, general, and constant lane) and partitioned (destination monotone, origin monotone, and monotone) strategies. Next, an optimization problem is formulated with the performance criterion being a combination of travel time and manoeuvre costs. Conditions under which the optimal strategy is partitioned, or nearly so, are discussed. We present two algorithms to determine suboptimal partitioned strategies given an optimal nonpartitioned one. A case study of a hypothetical automated highway and the strategies obtained for it under the minimization of total travel time criterion is presented.
Peeling the Onion: A Technoprudence for Engineering (1998)

This paper continues a journey setting the contexts and arguments for establishing a discursive space for philosophical discussion within engineering. It outlines a way in which we might consider developing an internal mechanism for introspection, parallelling the jurisprudence of law with a technoprudence of engineering. To exemplify the role of such discursive space within engineering, the paper explores an issue relevant to the practice of engineering, and thus illustrates some possibilities for transformation of understanding within engineering.
Genetic analysis of an invasion region by use of a Tn3-lac transposon and identification of a second positive regulator gene, invE, for cell invasion of Shigella sonnei: significant homology of invE with ParB of plasmid P1 (1990)

We have previously cloned two distinct regions of the Shigella sonnei form I plasmid pSS120, a 37-kilobase-pair DNA region and a virF region, which were found to be essential for cell invasion in Escherichia coli K-12 (J. Kato, K. Ito, A. Nakamura, and H. Watanabe, Infect. Immun. 57:1391-1398, 1989). The 37-kilobase-pair DNA region was randomly inserted by use of transposon Tn3-lac. At least eight genes were found to be located within the region, as determined by analysis of Tn3-lac-generated lac fusions. Expression of six genes, ipaB, ipaC, invE, invG, invJ, and invK, was apparently regulated by the positive regulator virF. IpaB and IpaC proteins could not found in invE mutants even if the virF gene was present. This observation suggested that the invE region encoded a positive regulator different from the virF gene. The functional relationship between the invE and virF genes was then examined. Translational fusions ipaB::Tn3-lac and invJ::Tn3-lac were used as indicators for gene expression, and the following results were obtained. Full expression of the ipaB and invJ genes required the presence of both the invE and virF regions. virF positively regulated the expression of invE at the transcriptional level. An increase in the copy number of invE enhanced the expression of ipaB and invJ in the absence of virF. These findings strongly indicate that the invE gene product, whose expression is regulated by virF, acts positively on the invasion-associated genes. InvE is a 35,407-dalton protein and has significant homologies with ParB of plasmid P1 and SopB of plasmid F, which are DNA-binding proteins involved in plasmid partitioning.
A marker for primary choroid plexus neoplasms. (1990)

Primary choroid plexus (CP) tumors are rare neoplasms that present in childhood or, less frequently, in adult life. The majority are benign and amenable to complete surgical excision, but occasionally more invasive variants are encountered. Although generally pathologically distinct, occasionally primary CP neoplasms may be difficult to distinguish from metastatic papillary carcinomas or papillary ependymomas. Conventional cytologic markers are not sufficiently specific to permit accurate diagnosis of primary CP tumors. The authors have reported that the CP is the unique site of synthesis within the brain of transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin), a transport protein for thyroxine and retinol. They therefore investigated the utility of TTR as a biochemical marker for CP tumors. They detected intense immunoreactivity for TTR at high dilutions of primary antiserum in the neoplastic epithelium of all of nine primary CP tumors (six papillomas and three carcinomas), but not in eight cellular or three papillary intracerebral ependymomas, meningiomas, oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, primary extracerebral papillary carcinomas (three thyroid, two breast) or five of six cerebral metastases from systemic papillary carcinomas. In one case of cerebral metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma, rare isolated immunoreactive cells were observed. Faint staining of the stromal-ependymal junction was seen in myxopapillary ependymomas of the filum terminale, which were otherwise nonreactive. By in situ hybridization, TTR mRNA was abundant in neoplastic CP epithelium, confirming local TTR synthesis. The authors conclude that TTR is synthesized by neoplastic CP epithelium and is an excellent marker for primary CP neoplasms.
Evaluation of an off-screen visualization for magic lens and dynamic peephole interfaces (2010)

Map navigation is often limited due to the inherent size restrictions of mobile devices' displays. Using a magic lens to interact with physical objects has been proposed as a way to reduce this limitation. The dynamic peephole interface is an alternative approach where a device is moved across a virtual surface. In this paper we study the effect of an additional visualization of objects beyond the screen on magic lens and dynamic peephole interfaces. In the conducted experiment the participants had to select points of interest shown on a map. We show that an additional visualization of off-screen objects decreases the task completion time and reduces the perceived task load. The advantage of an off-screen visualization is much higher than the difference between using a magic lens instead of a dynamic peephole interface.
Aflatoxicosis in turkey poults is prevented by treatment of naturally contaminated corn with ozone generated by electrolysis (1998)

Previous studies have demonstrated that a novel source of ozone gas (O3) maybe used to chemically degrade numerous mycotoxins, including aflatoxin (AF) B1. Subsequent in vitro analyses demonstrated detoxification of AFB1, suggesting a potential method of remediate AF-contaminated grain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of electrochemically produced ozone to degrade AFB1 in naturally contaminated whole kernel corn and confirm detoxification in turkey poults. Corn was procured from the southern coastal areas of Texas and HPLC revealed 1,220 +/- 73.3 ppb AFB1. Control and contaminated corn were treated for 92 h with O3 at 200 mg/min in 30 kg batches; greater than 95% reduction of AFB1 in contaminated corn was achieved. One-day-old female turkey poults were fed 1) control corn, 2) control corn + O3, 3) AFB1 corn, or 4) AFB1 corn + O3 mixed in rations (46% by wt.) and consumed ad libitum for 3 wk. When compared with controls, turkeys fed AFB1 corn had reduced body weight gain and relative liver weight, whereas turkeys fed control corn + O3 or AFB1 corn + O3 did not differ from controls. Furthermore, alterations in the majority of relative organ weight, liver discoloration, serum enzyme activity, hematological parameters, and blood chemistry caused by AFB1 were eliminated (no difference from controls) by treatment with O3. These data demonstrate that treatment of contaminated corn with electrochemically produced O3 provided protection against AFB1 in young turkey poults. It is important to note that treatment of control corn with O3 did not alter the performance of the turkey poults.
Kinetic Model for the Uniform Conversion of Self Reducing Iron Oxide and Carbon Briquettes (2003)

A kinetic model has been developed to describe the uniform conversion of a self reducing mixture of iron oxide and carbon. The model takes into account the reaction kinetics of both the iron oxide reduction and carbon oxidation. The model is validated with experimental data. Rate constants are compared with those in the literature.The combination of existing reaction analysis techniques coupled with the model developed has shown that for the experimental conditions used here, the Boudouard reaction controls the self reduction kinetics.
805: High-Level Cyclin D1 is Associated with High Gleason Grade and Predicts Worse Biochemical-Free Survival in Prostate Cancer (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Monday, May 22, 2006, 1:00 - 4:00 pm1 Apr 2006805: High-Level Cyclin D1 is Associated with High Gleason Grade and Predicts Worse Biochemical-Free Survival in Prostate Cancer Rile Li, Hong Dai, Thomas M. Wheeler, Anna Frolov, and Gustavo Ayala Rile LiRile Li More articles by this author , Hong DaiHong Dai More articles by this author , Thomas M. WheelerThomas M. Wheeler More articles by this author , Anna FrolovAnna Frolov More articles by this author , and Gustavo AyalaGustavo Ayala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)33041-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "805: High-Level Cyclin D1 is Associated with High Gleason Grade and Predicts Worse Biochemical-Free Survival in Prostate Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), p. 260 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 260 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Rile Li More articles by this author Hong Dai More articles by this author Thomas M. Wheeler More articles by this author Anna Frolov More articles by this author Gustavo Ayala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Resolution enhancement of lung 4D‐CT data using multiscale interphase iterative nonlocal means (2013)

The authors have developed a new algorithm to improve the resolution of 4D-CT. It outperforms the conventional interpolation-based approaches by producing images with the markedly improved structural clarity and greatly reduced artifacts.
Algorithm for Performance Analysis of the IMM Algorithm (2011)

The interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm has been used in many applications. However, performance analysis of the IMM algorithm is difficult because it uses a set of Kalman filters that are coupled with each other. We present an algorithm to compute the means and cross-covariances of the residuals and state estimation errors of these Kalman filters. Specifically, we derive the cross-covariances, each of which is the covariance of the residuals of two Kalman filters, to account for the mutual interactions. From the means and cross-covariance terms, we then compute the means of the likelihood functions and the mean-squared estimation errors as performance measures of the IMM algorithm.