gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Evaluation of Composite Tissue-Type Ultrasound and Microwave Imaging (2019)

The recently proposed concept of composite tissue-type image (cTTI), which provides an easy-to-interpret image constructed from quantitative ultrasonic and electromagnetic properties, is experimentally investigated. The experimental data set used for the ultrasound investigation is obtained from the multimodal ultrasound breast imaging system. The experimental data set utilized for microwave imaging is provided by an inhouse system at the University of Manitoba. To this end, a tissue mimicking phantom and a human forearm are utilized for experimental ultrasound and microwave imaging. In addition, the cTTI algorithm is modified to take into account differences in the quantitative accuracy of reconstructing one property compared to other properties so as to increase the achievable accuracy in the resulting cTTI. In addition to experimental ultrasound and microwave data, the cTTI method is also applied against synthetic data obtained from an MRI-based numerical breast phantom to further demonstrate the performance of the cTTI not only with respect to microwave and ultrasound tomography data but also with respect to their combination. Finally, the improvements of the cTTI reconstructions based on changing the prior probabilities compared with equal prior probability distribution are shown for combined ultrasound and microwave tomography of a numerical breast phantom.
InsP6-Sensitive Variants of the Gle1 mRNA Export Factor Rescue Growth and Fertility Defects of the <i>ipk1</i> Low-Phytic-Acid Mutation in Arabidopsis (2015)

Myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (InsP(6)), also known as phytic acid, accumulates in large quantities in plant seeds, serving as a phosphorus reservoir, but is an animal antinutrient and an important source of water pollution. Here, we report that Gle1 (GLFG lethal 1) in conjunction with InsP(6) functions as an activator of the ATPase/RNA helicase LOS4 (low expression of osmotically responsive genes 4), which is involved in mRNA export in plants, supporting the Gle1-InsP(6)-Dbp5 (LOS4 homolog) paradigm proposed in yeast. Interestingly, plant Gle1 proteins have modifications in several key residues of the InsP(6) binding pocket, which reduce the basicity of the surface charge. Arabidopsis thaliana Gle1 variants containing mutations that increase the basic charge of the InsP(6) binding surface show increased sensitivity to InsP(6) concentrations for the stimulation of LOS4 ATPase activity in vitro. Expression of the Gle1 variants with enhanced InsP(6) sensitivity rescues the mRNA export defect of the ipk1 (inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase) InsP(6)-deficient mutant and, furthermore, significantly improves vegetative growth, seed yield, and seed performance of the mutant. These results suggest that Gle1 is an important factor responsible for mediating InsP(6) functions in plant growth and reproduction and that Gle1 variants with increased InsP(6) sensitivity may be useful for engineering high-yielding low-phytate crops.
In vivo versus in vitro protein abundance analysis of Shigella dysenteriaetype 1 reveals changes in the expression of proteins involved in virulence, stress and energy metabolism (2011)

Global proteomic profiling of SD1 comparing in vivo vs. in vitro proteomes revealed differential expression of proteins geared towards survival of the pathogen in the host gut environment, including increased abundance of proteins involved in anaerobic energy respiration, acid resistance and virulence. The immunogenic OspC2, OspC3 and IpgA virulence proteins were detected solely under in vivo conditions, lending credence to their candidacy as potential vaccine targets.
Assessing a system to detect patient motion in SPECT imaging using stereo optical cameras (2004)

Patient motion, which causes artifacts in reconstructed images, can be a serious problem in SPECT imaging. If patient motion can be detected and quantified, the reconstruction algorithm can compensate for the motion. Most previous approaches to detecting patient motion have relied on only the acquired projection data, using, for example, consistency checks or motion-tracking to detect motion. Our approach is based on optical tracking of the patient using a pair of web cameras to acquire stereo images. The stereo images are analyzed by a visual tracking system (VTS) that detects changes in the stereo images over time to track locations on the patient surface. Patient surface motion can then be used to infer motion within the patient body, which will be used to correct for patient motion. The system consists of a three-headed SPECT system and two web cameras connected to a PC.
Multi-UAV Convoy Protection: An Optimal Approach to Path Planning and Coordination (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we study the problem of controlling a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to provide convoy protection to a group of ground vehicles. The UAVs are modeled as Dubins vehicles flying at a constant altitude with bounded turning radius. We first present time-optimal paths to provide convoy protection to stationary ground vehicles. Then, we propose a control strategy to provide convoy protection to ground vehicles moving in straight lines. The minimum number of UAVs required to provide perpetual convoy protection, in both cases, are derived. </para>
Effect of genistein on the bioavailability and intestinal cancer chemopreventive activity of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (2008)

The green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has shown cancer-preventive activity in animal models. Previously, we have reported the bioavailability of EGCG in rats and mice. Here, we report that cotreatment of HT-29 human colon cancer cells with genistein (from soy) increased cytosolic EGCG by 2- to 5-fold compared with treatment with EGCG only. Inclusion of genistein, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, increased the growth inhibitory effects of EGCG against HT-29 cells (up to 2-fold at 20 microM genistein). Intragastric coadministration of EGCG (75 mg/kg) and genistein (200 mg/kg) to CF-1 mice resulted in an increase in plasma half-life (t(1/2) 148.7 +/- 16.4 versus 111.5 +/- 23.4 min) and exposure (AUC(0-->infinity) 183.9 +/- 20.2 versus 125.8 +/- 26.4 microg/ml x min) of EGCG. Cotreatment with genistein also increased the maximal concentration (C(max)), 6 h exposure (AUC(0-->360 min)), and t(1/2) of EGCG in the small intestine by 2.0-, 4.7- and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared with mice treated with EGCG only. Contrary to our expectations, the combination of 0.01% EGCG in the drinking fluid and 0.2% genistein in the diet enhanced intestinal tumorigenesis in male adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)(min/+) mice. This combination increased the multiplicity of tumors in the medial and distal small intestine: the largest increase was in tumors >2 mm in diameter (4.3-fold compared with controls). This study demonstrates that although genistein can enhance EGCG bioavailability and in vitro growth inhibitory activity, this combination enhances tumorigenesis in the APC(min/+) mouse. These results further show the need for careful cancer prevention studies in animal models and for caution when interpreting data from in vitro studies.
A New Approach to Emission and Transmission CT (1980)

Non-imaging techniques for determining the internal structure of spatially incoherent sources and semi-transparent scatterers are presented. These techniques are based on rigorous formulations of the inverse source and scattering problems and can be viewed as generalizations of the methods of emission computed tomography (inverse source problem) and transnission computed tomography (inverse scattering problem) to cases where diffraction and refraction of the radiated or scattered fields cannot be ignored. It is also shown that i n the very short wavelength limit the tm inverse problems are solved approximately by the usual methods of computed tomography. from measurements of the correlation function of the field
Relation of left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time and incoordination to transmitral Doppler filling patterns (1992)

The main factors influencing the A/E ratio in patients with left ventricular disease are two distinct properties of isovolumic relaxation--namely the duration and the extent of incoordinate wall motion. Filling pressure and RR interval are not significant independent determinants, but act only through an effect upon isovolumic relaxation time. Age is an important influence in normal people, but this effect is attenuated in left ventricular hypertrophy and lost in ischaemic ventricular disease.
Self-controlled multilevel writing architecture for fast training in neuromorphic RRAM applications (2018)

Memristor crossbar arrays naturally accelerate neural networks applications by carrying out parallel multiply-add operations. Due to the abrupt SET operation characterizing most RRAM devices, on-chip training usually requires either from iterative write/read stages, large and variation-sensitive circuitry, or both, to achieve multilevel capabilities. This paper presents a self-controlled architecture to program multilevel devices with a short and fixed operation duration. We rely on an ad hoc scheme to self-control the abrupt SET, choking the writing stimulus as the cell addresses the desired level. To achieve this goal, we make use of the voltage divider concept by placing a variable resistive load in series with the target cell. We validated the proposal against thorough simulations using RRAM cells fitting extremely fast physical devices and a commercial 40 nm CMOS technology, both exhibiting variability. For every case the proposed architecture allowed progressive and almost-linear resistive levels in each [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] crossbars structures.
A parameter-based process for selecting high impedance fault detection techniques using decision making under incomplete knowledge (1990)

Using varying environmental parameters and nonadapting detection techniques, the authors propose a generic method for choosing the fault detection technique or techniques which are most appropriate for a given set of conditions. This result is achieved using a decision-making method under incomplete knowledge. The performance of each detection technique is derived under various conditions and environments with this method. The method is not yet complete because the performance outcome of all techniques is not fully defined. However, it provides a head start when attempting to optimize detection given consideration of a wide variety of techniques, parameters, and environmental parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electronic Processes in Zinc Fluoride and in the Manganese-Activated Zinc Fluoride Phosphor (1950)

Measurements have been made of the temperature-dependence of electrical conductivity and thermal e.m.f. on ZnF2 and ZnF2:Mn, and of the Hall coefficient and rectifying power at 25°C on ZnF2. Both ZnF2 and ZnF2:Mn are N-type impurity semiconductors. The presence of MnF2 in ZnF2 decreases the electronic conductivity by a factor of about 103, indicating a decrease in the concentration of electron donors by oxidation. A marked dependence of the temperature variation of conductivity on heat treatment has been observed. Contrary to the simple theory, the absolute values of the thermal e.m.f. increase with temperature. From the Hall coefficient and conductance at 25°C of heat-treated ZnF2, a concentration of free electrons of 3×1016 cm−3 and a mean free path of 6.7×10−8 cm are deduced. ZnF2 rectifies in the expected direction.
Stabilizing effect of chemical additives against oxidation of lactate dehydrogenase (2000)

Oxidation is one of the major pathways for denaturation of proteins during storage, and also a potential problem in protein production, isolation and purification processes. In this study, a number of additives have been tested for their protective effects against oxidation in the presence of metal ions and hydrogen peroxide. Porcine muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was used as a model protein. Oxidation and denaturation of the enzyme were followed as activity loss, modification of certain amino acids, altered secondary structure and aggregation. Loss of activity during metal-catalysed oxidation was accompanied by structural damage of the enzyme, which was not the case during oxidation with peroxide. The best protectant during both modes of oxidation was found to be the polycation, poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), followed by EDTA. Both chemicals also increased the enzyme's half-life during oxidation with a mixture of copper ions and hydrogen peroxide. Ammonium sulphate was an effective stabilizer during metal-catalysed oxidation, while sorbitol, sucrose and hydroxyectoine provided moderate stabilization. The ectoine was also stabilizing against oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, as was poly(ethylene glycol), whereas sorbitol enhanced the rate of enzyme inactivation. The stability of LDH towards denaturation by both oxidation and temperature was increased by addition of both PEI and sorbitol, as indicated by the melting-temperature profiles of the enzyme.
Mesoscale spatial distribution of electron spins studied by time-resolved small-angle and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering with dynamic nuclear polarization: A case of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) doped in high-density polyethylene (2010)

We carried out time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (USANS) studies of dynamically polarized high-density polyethylene (HDPE) doped with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) persistent free radicals. We observed a remarkable enhancement of the scattering intensity shortly after a switching of microwave frequency from positive (negative) to negative (positive) dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). The enhancement was found to be due to spatially heterogeneous proton-spin polarization generated as a result of heterogeneously distributed TEMPO in the HDPE sample. The spatial fluctuation of the polarization ranged up to the length-scale of > or = 100 nm. This result strongly suggests that the TEMPO free radicals are localized more in nonfibrils but less in fibrils of HDPE. In this way, we propose that the time-resolved DNP-SANS and DNP-USANS be general techniques to determine mesoscale spatial distribution of electron spins in dielectric materials.
Automatic Generation of Story Highlights (2010)

In this paper we present a joint content selection and compression model for single-document summarization. The model operates over a phrase-based representation of the source document which we obtain by merging information from PCFG parse trees and dependency graphs. Using an integer linear programming formulation, the model learns to select and combine phrases subject to length, coverage and grammar constraints. We evaluate the approach on the task of generating “story highlights”—a small number of brief, self-contained sentences that allow readers to quickly gather information on news stories. Experimental results show that the model’s output is comparable to human-written highlights in terms of both grammaticality and content. 1
Computer Interface by Gesture and Voice for Users with Special Needs (2006)

We propose an infrared sensor based cost effective human-machine interface interpreting the user's hand or head gestures. This system targets people suffering from reduced mobility as well as specific professionals operating in constraining situations. This design allows using simple head movements to perform basic computer mouse operations, such as moving the mouse cursor on a computer screen. To improve functionality, the system uses voice recognition to execute repetitive movements, such as clicks and double-clicks. We explain two different infrared sensor layouts and discuss the way our design detects and processes a user's head or hand movements. Furthermore, we explain the benefits and drawbacks of using voice recognition in our design. The conclusion presents our results as well as future perspectives for our design
Ankle Fusion in a High Risk Population: An Assessment of Nonunion Risk Factors (1999)

Between July 1992 and April 1996, 88 ankle fusions were performed at our institution. Sixty-seven of these had adequate follow-up for evaluation for union of the fusion, including adequate records and/or radiographs. The average age of patients was 43 years. There were 37 men and 24 women. The charts were reviewed to determine what level of trauma had resulted in posttraumatic arthritis (low energy, high energy, or open fracture). Alcohol use, drug abuse, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, psychiatric history, smoking, or technical problems were also assessed. A chi-square analysis was used to evaluate the statistical significance. Nineteen of sixty-seven ankle fusions progressed to nonunion (28%). Eighty-five percent of the patients had posttraumatic arthritis. Among 17 patients with a history of open trauma, nine patients developed a nonunion ( P < 0.03). A trend toward significance was noted for patients who were smokers, drank alcohol, had diabetes, had a psychiatric disorder, or used illegal drugs. Even with current techniques, this study demonstrates that a high risk population in a trauma center is at risk for nonunion after an ankle fusion caused by multiple risk factors, including a history of open trauma, tobacco use, alcohol use, illegal drug use, a history of psychiatric disorders, or diabetes.
이상기후에 따른 농작물의 수확량 및 재해발생 확률의 추정 (1997)

【Potential impacts for unfavourable weather conditions and the assessment of the magnitudes of their adverse effects on crop yields were studied. EPIC model was investigated for its capability on crop yield predictions for rice and soybean. Weather generationmodel was used to generate long-term climatic data. The model was verified with ohserved climate data of Suwon city. Fifty years weather data including abnormal conditions were generated and used for crop yield simulation by EPIC model. Crop yield probability function was derived from simulated crop yield data, which followed normal distribution. Probable crop yield reductions due to abnormal weather conditions were also analyzed.】
Molecular states of water in room temperature ionic liquidsElectronic Supplementary Information available. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cp/b1/b106900d/ (2001)

ATR and transmission IR spectroscopy have been used to investigate the state of water in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) based on the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with the anions: [PF6]−, [SbF6]−, [BF4]−, [ClO4]−, [CF3SO3]−, [(CF3SO2)2N]−, [NO3]− and [CF3CO2]−. It has been shown that in these RTILs water molecules absorbed from the air are present mostly in the “free” (not self-associated) state, bound via H-bonding with [PF6]−, [BF4]−, [SbF6]−, [ClO4]−, [CF3SO3]−, [(CF3SO2)2N]− with the concentrations of dissolved water in the range 0.2–1.0 mol dm−3. It has been concluded that most of the water molecules at these concentrations exist in symmetric 1 : 2 type H-bonded complexes: anion...HOH...anion. Additional evidence that the preferred sites of interaction with water molecules are the anions has been obtained from the experiments with RTILs of the 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium and 1-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazolium cations. Water molecules can also form associated liquid-like formations in RTILs with anions of stronger basicity such as [NO3]− and [CF3CO2]−. When these RTILs are exposed to air the water concentrations exceed 1.0 mol dm−3. The strength of H-bonding between water molecules and anions increases in the order [PF6]− < [SbF6]− < [BF4]− < [(CF3SO2)2N]− < [ClO4]− < [CF3SO3]− < [NO3]− < [CF3CO2]−. The energies of this H-bonding were estimated from spectral shifts, with the resulting enthalpies being in the range 8–13 kJ mol−1. ATR-IR spectroscopy has also been used to study H-bonding between methanol and RTILs.
Effects of Ceramic Nanopowder Dopants on Acoustic Attenuation Properties of Silicone Rubber Lens for Medical Echo Probe (2007)

The effects of fine ceramic powder dopants, namely, TiO2, Al2O3, BaSO4, Fe2O3, ZrO2, and Yb2O3 with primary particle sizes of 16–100 nm, on the acoustic properties of silicone rubber have been investigated, in order to develop an acoustic lens material for medical echo probes with a low acoustic attenuation (α). Silicone rubber doped with Yb2O3 powder having a high density (ρ) of 9.2×103 kg/m3 and an average particle size of 16 nm showed a lower acoustic attenuation than silicone rubber doped with other powders. The materials showed ρ=1.54×103 kg/m3, a sound velocity (c)=882 m/s, an acoustic impedance ρ·c (Z)=1.36×106 kg m-2 s-1, and an acoustic attenuation α=0.93 dB mm-1 MHz-1 at 37 °C. Silicone rubber doped with Fe2O3 powder having ρ=5.2×103 kg/m3 and an average particle size of 30 nm showed the highest α=2.36 dB mm-1 MHz-1 and Z=1.47×106 kg m-2 s-1. Microstructure observation of the rubber by scanning microscopy revealed that the α of the powder-doped rubber is not only determined by the primary particle size of the powders but also by the dispersion and agglomeration of the secondary particles in the rubber matrix. The discovery of the process parameter required to reduce the α of the nanopowder-doped silicone rubber has an important practical consequence.
Reconstruction of depocenter evolution through time using relative stratigraphic thickness (2013)

In this article, we describe a new approach to seismic stratigraphic interpretation. We build on the concept of the relative geologic time attribute introduced by Stark (2004) to define a relative stratigraphic thickness attribute, which can then be interpreted to reconstruct depocenter migration from seismic data. The principles of seismic stratigraphy were established in the classic AAPG Memoir 26. At this time (1977), manual interpretation of 2D seismic was still typical in the E&P industry. Simple truncation geometries such as onlap, downlap, and toplap were used to characterize sequence boundaries and flooding surfaces. Recent work continues to emphasize these 2D concepts, for example, using them in introductory sequence stratigraphic exercises. The routine use of 3D seismic emerged in the 1980s and, with it, computer-assisted interpretation. The main focus of the industry was on large structural traps. Highly effective 3D structural interpretation workflows developed in the 1980s still form the core of current interpretation workflows. Given the time-consuming nature of seismic interpretation, most geoscientists are forced to limit their mapping to major unconformities and flooding surfaces. These correspond to first- and second-order sequences boundaries and occupy only a small fraction of the typical seismic volume. It was common then, and now, to infer stratigraphy by averaging attributes such as seismic amplitudes between structural picks.