gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Brønsted acid strength of zeolites – does it correlate with the O–H frequency shift probed by a weak base? (2014)

Brønsted-acid zeolites are currently being used as catalysts in a wide range of technological processes, spanning from the petrochemical industry to biomass upgrade, methanol to olefin conversion and the production of fine chemicals. For most of the involved chemical processes, acid strength is a key factor determining catalytic performance, and hence there is a need to evaluate it correctly. Based on simplicity, the magnitude of the red shift of the O-H stretching frequency, Δν(OH), when the Brønsted-acid hydroxyl group of protonic zeolites interacts with an adsorbed weak base (such as carbon monoxide or dinitrogen) is frequently used for ranking acid strength. Nevertheless, the enthalpy change, ΔH(0), involved in that hydrogen-bonding interaction should be a better indicator; and in fact Δν(OH) and ΔH(0) are often found to correlate among themselves, but, as shown herein, that is not always the case. We report on experimental determination of the interaction (at a low temperature) of carbon monoxide and dinitrogen with the protonic zeolites H-MCM-22 and H-MCM-56 (which have the MWW structure type) showing that the standard enthalpy of formation of OH···CO and OH···NN hydrogen-bonded complexes is distinctively smaller than the corresponding values reported in the literature for H-ZSM-5 and H-FER, and yet the corresponding Δν(OH) values are significantly larger for the zeolites having the MWW structure type (DFT calculations are also shown for H-MCM-22). These rather unexpected results should alert the reader to the risk of using the O-H frequency shift probed by an adsorbed weak base as a general indicator for ranking zeolite Brønsted acidity.
3D ultrasound computer tomography: data acquisition hardware (2005)

3D ultrasound computer tomography (USCT) is an imaging method capable of producing volume images with both high spatial and temporal resolution. The promising results of a 2D experimental setup of an ultrasound computer tomography system showing structures of 0.1mm in diameter encouraged us to build a new 3D demonstration system. The main problem of such a demonstrator is the high burst data rate of up to 36 GBytes per second for parallel recording of 1500 A-scans sampled at 12MHz and 12 bit. We present a hardware setup for an experimental 3D demonstrator, which is capable of handling high data rates. This demonstrator for the first time allows high resolution (sub wavelength) 3D ultrasound imaging in almost realtime.
P2X7 receptor antagonism prevents IL-1β release from salivary epithelial cells and reduces inflammation in a mouse model of autoimmune exocrinopathy (2017)

Salivary gland inflammation is a hallmark of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a common autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary gland and loss of saliva secretion, predominantly in women. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated nonselective cation channel that induces inflammatory responses in cells and tissues, including salivary gland epithelium. In immune cells, P2X7R activation induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18, by inducing the oligomerization of the multiprotein complex NLRP3-type inflammasome. Here, our results show that in primary mouse submandibular gland (SMG) epithelial cells, P2X7R activation also induces the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the maturation and release of IL-1β, a response that is absent in SMG cells isolated from mice deficient in P2X7Rs (P2X7R<sup>-/-</sup>). P2X7R-mediated IL-1β release in SMG epithelial cells is dependent on transmembrane Na<sup>+</sup> and/or K<sup>+</sup> flux and the activation of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a protein required for the activation and stabilization of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Also, using the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers <i>N</i>-acetyl cysteine and Mito-TEMPO, we determined that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are required for P2X7R-mediated IL-1β release. Lastly, <i>in vivo</i> administration of the P2X7R antagonist A438079 in the CD28<sup>-/-</sup>, IFNγ<sup>-/-</sup>, NOD.H-2<sup>h4</sup> mouse model of salivary gland exocrinopathy ameliorated salivary gland inflammation and enhanced carbachol-induced saliva secretion. These findings demonstrate that P2X7R antagonism <i>in vivo</i> represents a promising therapeutic strategy to limit salivary gland inflammation and improve secretory function.
Independent Lec1A CHO Glycosylation Mutants Arise from Point Mutations in <i>N</i>-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase I That Reduce Affinity for Both Substrates. Molecular Consequences Based on the Crystal Structure of GlcNAc-TI<sup>,</sup> (2001)

A key enzyme in regulating the maturation of N-linked glycans is UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-3-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAc-TI, EC 2.4.1.101). Lec1 CHO cells lack GlcNAc-TI activity and synthesize only the oligomannosyl class of N-glycans. By contrast, Lec1A CHO mutants have weak GlcNAc-TI activity due to the reduced affinity of GlcNAc-TI for both the UDP-GlcNAc and Man(5)GlcNAc(2)Asn substrates. Lec1A CHO mutants synthesize hybrid and complex N-glycans, albeit in reduced amounts compared to parental CHO cells. In this paper, we identify two point mutations that gave rise to the Lec1A phenotype in three independent Lec1A CHO mutants. The G634A mutation in Lec1A.2C converts an aspartic acid to an asparagine at amino acid 212, disrupting a conserved DXD motif (E(211)DD(213) in all GlcNAc-TIs) that makes critical interactions with bound UDP-GlcNAc and Mn(2+) ion in rabbit GlcNAc-TI. The C907T mutation in Lec1A.3E and Lec1A.5J converts an arginine conserved in all GlcNAc-TIs to a tryptophan at amino acid 303, altering interactions that are important in stabilizing a critical structural element in rabbit GlcNAc-TI. Correction of each mutation by site-directed mutagenesis restored their GlcNAc-TI activity and lectin binding properties to parental levels. The effect of the two amino acid changes on GlcNAc-TI catalysis is discussed in relation to the crystal structure of rabbit GlcNAc-TI complexed with manganese and UDP-GlcNAc.
Cell-Autonomous β-Catenin Signaling Regulates Cortical Precursor Proliferation (2006)

Overexpression of beta-catenin, a protein that functions in both cell adhesion and signaling, causes expansion of the cerebral cortical precursor population and cortical surface area enlargement. Here, we find that focal elimination of beta-catenin from cortical neural precursors in vivo causes premature neuronal differentiation. Precursors within the cerebral cortical ventricular zone exhibit robust beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation, which is downregulated as cells exit the ventricular zone. Targeted inhibition of beta-catenin signaling during embryonic development causes cortical precursor cells to prematurely exit the cell cycle, differentiate into neurons, and migrate to the cortical plate. These results show that beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation functions in the decision of cortical ventricular zone precursors to proliferate or differentiate during development, and suggest that the cell-autonomous signaling activity of beta-catenin can control the production of cortical neurons and thus regulate cerebral cortical size.
Hybrid Materials for Integrated Photonics (2014)

In this review materials and technologies of the hybrid approach to integrated photonics (IP) are addressed. IP is nowadays a mature technology and is the most promising candidate to overcome the main limitations that electronics is facing due to the extreme level of integration it has achieved. IP will be based on silicon photonics in order to exploit the CMOS compatibility and the large infrastructures already available for the fabrication of devices. But silicon has severe limits especially concerning the development of active photonics: its low efficiency in photons emission and the limited capability to be used as modulator require finding suitable materials able to fulfill these fundamental tasks. Furthermore there is the need to define standardized processes to render these materials compatible with the CMOS process and to fully exploit their capabilities. This review describes the most promising materials and technological approaches that are either currently implemented or may be used in the coming future to develop next generations of hybrid IP devices.
Teleportation of a Vacuum–One-Photon Qubit (2002)

We report the experimental realization of teleporting a one-particle entangled qubit. The qubit is physically implemented by a two-dimensional subspace of states of a mode of the electromagnetic field, specifically, the space spanned by the vacuum and the one-photon state. Our experiment follows the line suggested by Lee and Kim [Phys. Rev. A 63, 012305 (2000)] and Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn [Nature (London) 409, 46 (2001)]. An unprecedented large value of the teleportation "fidelity" has been attained: F = (95.3 +/- 0.6)%.
Online Signature Verification on Mobile Devices (2014)

This paper studies online signature verification on touch interface-based mobile devices. A simple and effective method for signature verification is developed. An online signature is represented with a discriminative feature vector derived from attributes of several histograms that can be computed in linear time. The resulting signature template is compact and requires constant space. The algorithm was first tested on the well-known MCYT-100 and SUSIG data sets. The results show that the performance of the proposed technique is comparable and often superior to state-of-the-art algorithms despite its simplicity and efficiency. In order to test the proposed method on finger drawn signatures on touch devices, a data set was collected from an uncontrolled environment and over multiple sessions. Experimental results on this data set confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in mobile settings. The results demonstrate the problem of within-user variation of signatures across multiple sessions and the effectiveness of cross session training strategies to alleviate these problems.
Evaluation of Spinning Disk Reactor Technology for the Manufacture of Pharmaceuticals (2000)

A continuously operating spinning disk reactor (SDR) displayed distinct advantages over batch processing techniques when several commercially relevant processes for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals as test reactions were investigated. It proved to be a useful tool for revealing intrinsically fast kinetics as well as for optimizing processes with such kinetics. Very encouraging results were achieved for a phase-transfer-catalyzed (ptc) Darzen's reaction to prepare a drug intermediate and the recrystallization of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). In comparison to presently used batch processes, the ptc reaction resulted in a reaction with 99.9% reduced reaction time, 99% reduced inventory, and 93% reduced impurity level. The recrystallization yielded particles with a tight particle size distribution and a mean size of around 3 μm. Reactor modeling was in good agreement with the experimental results and highlighted the advantages of the process-intensified equipment with a production capacity of around 8 tonnes/year.
Genome sequence of the enterobacterial phytopathogen <i>Erwinia carotovora</i> subsp. <i>atroseptica</i> and characterization of virulence factors (2004)

The bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae is notable for its well studied human pathogens, including Salmonella, Yersinia, Shigella, and Escherichia spp. However, it also contains several plant pathogens. We report the genome sequence of a plant pathogenic enterobacterium, Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca) strain SCRI1043, the causative agent of soft rot and blackleg potato diseases. Approximately 33% of Eca genes are not shared with sequenced enterobacterial human pathogens, including some predicted to facilitate unexpected metabolic traits, such as nitrogen fixation and opine catabolism. This proportion of genes also contains an overrepresentation of pathogenicity determinants, including possible horizontally acquired gene clusters for putative type IV secretion and polyketide phytotoxin synthesis. To investigate whether these gene clusters play a role in the disease process, an arrayed set of insertional mutants was generated, and mutations were identified. Plant bioassays showed that these mutants were significantly reduced in virulence, demonstrating both the presence of novel pathogenicity determinants in Eca, and the impact of functional genomics in expanding our understanding of phytopathogenicity in the Enterobacteriaceae.
Development of Facial Emotion Recognition Method based on Advanced Active Appearance Model (2009)

We addresses the issue of expressive face modeling using an advanced active appearance model for facial emotion recognition. We consider the six universal emotional categories that are defined by Ekman. In human face, emotions are most widely represented with eyes and mouth expression. If we want to recognize the human’s emotion from this facial image, we need to extract feature points such as Action Unit(AU) of Ekman. Active Appearance Model (AAM) is one of the commonly used methods for facial feature extraction and it can be applied to construct AU. Regarding the traditional AAM depends on the setting of the initial parameters of the model and this paper introduces a facial emotion recognizing method based on which is combined Advanced AAM with Bayesian Network. Firstly, we obtain the reconstructive parameters of the new gray-scale image by sample-based learning and use them to reconstruct the shape and texture of the new image and calculate the initial parameters of the AAM by the reconstructed facial model. Then reduce the distance error between the model and the target contour by adjusting the parameters of the model. Finally get the model which is matched with the facial feature outline after several iterations and use them to recognize the facial emotion by using Bayesian Network.
Solid State Joining of Magnesium to Steel (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Summary of the FSW Initiative Summary of the USW Initiative Conclusions
A pilot clinical trial of intravesical mitomycin-C and external deep pelvic hyperthermia for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (2014)

External deep pelvic hyperthermia using the BSD-2000 device is a safe and reproducible method of heating the bladder in patients undergoing intravesical MMC. The efficacy of this treatment modality should be explored further in clinical trials.
Improved particle swam optimization algorithm for OPF problems (2005)

This work presents the solution of the optimal power flow (OPF) using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The main goal of this paper is to verify the viability of using PSO problem composed by the different objective functions. Incorporation of nonstationary multistage assignment penalty function in solving OFF problems can significantly improve the convergence and gain more accurate values. The proposed PSO method is demonstrated and compared with linear programming (LP) approach and genetic algorithm (GA) approach on the standard IEEE 30-bus system. The results show that the proposed PSO method is capable of obtaining higher quality solutions efficiently in OFF problem.
Photoinduced molecular transformations. Part 106. The formation of cyclic anhydrides via regioselective β-scission of alkoxyl radicals generated from 5-and 6-membered α-hydroxy cyclic ketones (1990)

The irradiation of the hypoiodites of 5- or 6-membered cyclic α-ketols in benzene containing mercury(II) oxide and iodine (each 3 equiv.) resulted in the formation of the corresponding cyclic anhydrides arising from the insertion of an oxygen. A novel formation of a methylenedioxy group arising from an intramolecular hydrogen abstraction, on the other hand, was found when a steroidal α,α-dimethoxy alcohol hypoiodite was irradiated in benzene. An 18O labelling study of the formation of the cyclic anhydride on photolyses of 17β-hydroxy-4β-methoxy-5α-androstan-16-one hypoiodite generated in situ by an excess of mercury(II) oxide and iodine in benzene indicated that the heavy oxygen of Hg 18O is incorporated as the ring oxygen of the anhydride. On the basis of this result, a pathway involving a regioselective β-scission of the alkoxyl radical is proposed as leading to formation of the cyclic anhydride.
Politics and Power in the Record Industry: The Beatles, the Beach Boys, and the Album as Art Form (2016)

The album as an art form emerged in the mid-1960s, in part because rock musicians demanded greater studio autonomy from record companies. However, an underexplored factor contributing to the emergence of the art rock album is how record companies began to market their ‘stars’ as ‘artists’ as a means to sell more records. This article focuses upon how Capitol Records capitalized upon the artistry of the Beatles and the Beach Boys to change the norms of the industry, leading to the increased marketability of the album as a coherent work of art.
G Protein–Coupled Receptors, Cholinergic Dysfunction, and Aβ Toxicity in Alzheimer’s Disease (2009)

The beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence gathered over the last two decades suggests that the gradual accumulation of soluble and insoluble Abeta peptide species triggers a cascade of events that leads to the clinical manifestation of AD. Abeta accumulation has also been associated with the cholinergic dysfunction observed in AD, which is characterized by diminished acetylcholine release and impaired coupling of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) to heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins). Although the mechanism of Abeta-mediated toxicity is not clearly understood, evidence shows that Abeta accumulation has an effect on the oligomerization of the angiotensin II (AngII) AT(2) (angiotensin type 2) receptor and sequestration of the Galpha(q/11) family of G proteins. Sequestration of Galpha(q/11) results in dysfunctional coupling and signaling between M(1) mAChR and Galpha(q/11) and accompanies neurodegeneration, tau phosphorylation, and neuronal loss in an AD transgenic mouse model. Collectively, these results provide a putative link among Abeta toxicity, AT(2) receptor oligomerization, and disruption of the signaling pathway through M(1) mAChR and Galpha(q/11) and potentially contribute to our understanding of the cholinergic deficit observed in AD.
Clinical Dementia Rating (1994)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The absence of functional BLM DNA helicase, a member of the RecQ family of helicases, is responsible for the rare human disorder Bloom Syndrome, which results in developmental abnormalities, DNA repair defects, genomic instability, and a predisposition to cancer. In <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, the orthologous Blm protein is essential during early development when the embryo is under the control of maternal gene products. We show that lack of functional maternal Blm during the syncytial cell cycles of <i>Drosophila</i> embryonic development results in severe nuclear defects and lethality. Amongst the small fraction of embryos from <i>Blm</i> mutant mothers that survive to adulthood, a prominent sex-bias favors the class that inherits less repetitive DNA content, which serves as an endogenous source of replication stress. This selection against repetitive DNA content reflects a role for Blm in facilitating replication through repetitive sequences during the rapid S-phases of syncytial cell cycles. During these syncytial cycles, Blm is not required for complex DNA double-strand break repair; however, the progeny sex-bias resulting from the absence of maternal Blm is exacerbated by repetitive DNA sequences and by the slowing of replication fork progression, suggesting that the essential role for Blm during this stage is to manage replication fork stress brought about by impediments to fork progression. Additionally, our data suggest that Blm is only required to manage this replication stress during embryonic development, and likely only during the early, rapid syncytial cell cycles, and not at later developmental stages. These results provide novel insights into Blm function throughout development.
The Apolipoprotein A-I Level Is Downregulated in the Granulosa Cells of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Affects Steroidogenesis (2010)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder found in women. The etiology of PCOS is still not clear, and there are no available studies on the proteome analysis of granulosa cells (GCs) in PCOS patients. To identify the pathogenic mechanisms and potential diagnostic markers for PCOS, we conducted proteomic profiling of GCs in PCOS patients by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. The proteomic analysis yielded eight downregulated and 12 upregulated proteins in PCOS patients, among which apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) showed significant downregulation in PCOS patients as confirmed by Western blotting. Knockdown of ApoA-I decreased the number of transcripts of steroidogenic enzymes in a granulosa cell line (KGN), while its overexpression generally increased the level of expression of these enzymes. Furthermore, modulation of the expression level of ApoA-I in the granulosa cells altered progesterone production. Therefore, this study suggests that ApoA-I can be useful as a granulosa cell biomarker of PCOS patients and that downregulated ApoA-I may be related to the disturbed production of steroid hormones in PCOS patients.
Engineering of Microcrystaline Solid-State Networks Using Cross-Linked γ-Zirconium Phosphate/Hypophosphite with Nonrigid Polyethylenoxadiphosphonates. Easy Access to Porously Dynamic Solids with Polar/Nonpolar Pores (2005)

The construction of organic−inorganic scaffolds based on γ-zirconium phosphate and polyethylenoxa diphosphonates is described. Microcrystalline materials with a controlled, low degree of pillaring are synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanism for the topotactic polyethylenoxa-pillaring reaction is proposed and confronted with previous ones suggested for the reaction of nonpolar organic diphosphonates. The affinity among the polyethylenoxa chains and the superficial acidic phosphates of the layered salt is thus clearly evidenced. The work shows how the inner structure of the pillared microcrystals may be easily modified by a second exchange of the remaining superficial phosphates by other phosphorus species as the low-polar hypophosphite. The rigidity of the layers and the wedge-like effect of intercalated amines at the edges of the microcrystals cause them to increase the interlayer distance, and hence porosity, in a flash fashion.