gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergism of Catalysis and Reaction Center Rehybridization. An ab Initio Study of the Hydrolysis of the Parent Carbodiimide (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynergism of Catalysis and Reaction Center Rehybridization. An ab Initio Study of the Hydrolysis of the Parent CarbodiimideMichael Lewis and Rainer GlaserView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia, Missouri 65211 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 33, 8541–8542Publication Date (Web):August 7, 1998Publication History Received20 March 1998Published online7 August 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980938ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980938grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views275Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Activation energy,Catalysis,Chemical structure,Hydrolysis,Molecules Get e-Alerts
Towards high-resolution retinal prostheses with direct optical addressing and inductive telemetry (2016)

Measurements demonstrate control over retinal neural activity both by light and electrical bias, validating the feasibility of the proposed architecture and its system components as an important first step towards a high-resolution optically addressed retinal prosthesis.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of apolipoprotein E4 neurotoxicity and potential therapeutic strategies. (2006)

Apolipoprotein (apo) E is a multifunctional protein that has central roles in lipid metabolism and neurobiology. It has three common isoforms (apoE2, apoE3 and apoE4) that have different effects on lipid and neuronal homneostasis. Unlike apoE3, tie most common isoform, apoE4 is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the mechanisms underlying the actions of apoE4 in AD pathogenesis are still poorly understood, emerging data strongly suggest that apoE4, with its multiple cellular origins and multiple structural and biophysical properties, contributes to this disease by interacting with different factors through various pathways. Thus, multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms should be considered in developing anti-AD drugs that target apoE4.
Lethal Effects of Elevated pH and Ammonia on Early Life Stages of Hybrid Striped Bass (1994)

Abstract Hybrid striped bass larvae (striped bass, Morone saxatilis, ♀ x white bass, M. chrysops, ♂) are often stocked into fertile culture ponds. High rates of photosynthesis may result in elevated pH which can be lethal to fry and can affect the toxicity of ammonia. Six-hour static toxicity tests were performed on hybrid larvae of various ages to determine the toxicity of elevated pH and the effects of elevated pH on ammonia toxicity. Six-hour mortality threshold pH's with no measurable ammonia were estimated for various age larvae and found to be between pH's 9.8 and 10.2 for D2 (Dl is day of hatch), between 9.0 and 9.4 for D4, between 8.8 and 9.2 for D13, and between 9.2 and 9.4 for D20 fish. The addition of 0.7% NaCl had no effect on the toxicity of elevated pH to D2 or D4 fish but caused a significant reduction in the mortality of Dl3 and D20 fish exposed to high pH. The tolerance to elevated pH decreased as ammonia concentration increased. Sub-lethal un-ionized ammonia concentrations increased the toxicity of elevated pH, suggesting an interaction of pH and un-ionized ammonia toxicity.
CD26, adenosine deaminase, and adenosine receptors mediate costimulatory signals in the immunological synapse (2005)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA), a protein whose deficit leads to severe combined immunodeficiency, binds to the cell surface by means of either CD26, A 1 adenosine receptors, or A 2B adenosine receptors. The physiological role of these interactions is not well understood. Our results show that by a 3-fold reduction in the EC 50 for the antigen, ADA potentiated T cell proliferation in autologous cocultures with antigen-pulsed immature or mature dendritic cells. Costimulation was not due to the enzymatic activity but to the interaction of ADA–CD26 complexes in T cells with an ADA-anchoring protein in dendritic cells. From colocalization studies, it is deduced that ADA colocalizing with adenosine receptors on dendritic cells interact with CD26 expressed on lymphocytes. This costimulatory signal in the immunological synapse leads to a marked increase (3- to 34-fold) in the production of the T helper 1 and proimmflamatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6.
Negative Control of Flagellum Synthesis in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Is Modulated by the Alternative Sigma Factor AlgT (AlgU) (1999)

Many respiratory isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients are mucoid (alginate producing) yet lack flagella. It was hypothesized that an alginate regulator inhibits flagellar gene expression. Mutations in algB, algR, and algT resulted in nonmucoid derivatives, yet algT mutants expressed flagella. AlgT-dependent control of flagellum synthesis occurred through inhibition of fliC but not rpoN transcription.
Enabling Multi-Hop Concurrent Transmissions in 60 GHz Wireless Personal Area Networks (2011)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a promising enabling technology for high rate (Giga-bit) multimedia applications. However, because of the high propagation loss at 60 GHz band, mmWave signal power degrades significantly over distance. Therefore, a traffic flow being transmitted over multiple short hops can attain higher throughput than that over a single long hop. In this paper, we first design a hop selection metric for the piconet controller (PNC) to select appropriate relay hops for a traffic flow, aiming to improve the flow throughput and balance the traffic loads across the network. We then propose a multi-hop concurrent transmission (MHCT) scheme to exploit the spatial capacity of mmWave WPANs by allowing nodes to transmit concurrently in communication links without causing harmful interference. The analysis of concurrent transmission probability and time division multiplexing demonstrates that the MHCT scheme is capable of improving the time slot utilization. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the analytical results and demonstrate that the proposed MHCT scheme can improve the average traffic flow throughput and network throughput.
A Study on Organisation Interventions from it Industry Perspective (2014)

In a fast-paced, continually shifting environment resilience to change is often the single most important factor that distinguishes those who succeed from those who fail.-Tom Peters The current knowledge economy requires organisation to be learning organisation in order to adapt to current challenges because changes and improvements in technology are constantly driving the need for learning as organisation, need to respond to new technologies in order to remain competitive. Introduction of the technology should be supported by various different factors in order to manage the demand effectively, that the new change brings with it, thus help it to survive and flourish (Dehinbo, 2010). Change is not always easy to implement in an organisation but changes are required to survive and flourish. When changes are made, it is an opportunity for learning and if the changes are comprehensive, emphasis should be placed on learning. Interventions, i.e. the structured activities are the principal learning processes in the action-stage of organisational development. A learning organisation aims at aligning interventions with the Organisation's main features which are systems thinking, personal mastery, mental models, shared vision and team learning (Senge, 1999). As a part of change management, in IT sector, both the operator culture and engineering culture act as a facilitator to adapt the change.
A Novel Splice Variant of <i>GLI1</i> That Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Invasion (2009)

The family of GLI zinc finger transcription factors regulates the expression of genes involved in many important cellular processes, notably embryonal development and cellular differentiation. The glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1 (GLI1) isoform, in particular, has attracted much attention because of its frequent activation in many human cancers and its interactions with other signaling pathways, such as those mediated by K-RAS, transforming growth factor-beta, epidermal growth factor receptor, and protein kinase A. Here, we report the identification of a novel truncated GLI1 splice variant, tGLI1, with an in-frame deletion of 123 bases (41 codons) spanning the entire exon 3 and part of exon 4 of the GLI1 gene. Expression of tGLI1 is undetectable in normal cells but is high in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and other cancer cells. Although tGLI1 undergoes nuclear translocalization and transactivates GLI1-binding sites similar to GLI1, unlike GLI1, it is associated with increased motility and invasiveness of GBM cells. Using microarray analysis, we showed >100 genes to be differentially expressed in tGLI1-expressing compared with GLI1-expressing GBM cells, although both cell types expressed equal levels of known GLI1-regulated genes, such as PTCH1. We further showed one of the tGLI1 up-regulated genes, CD24, an invasion-associated gene, to be required for the migratory and invasive phenotype of GBM cells. These data provide conclusive evidence for a novel gain-of-function GLI1 splice variant that promotes migration and invasiveness of GBM cells and open up a new research paradigm on the role of the GLI1 pathway in malignancy.
A physics simulation engine for modeling autonomous motion through reverse engineering of sodaconstructor (2009)

Simulation of physics plays an important role in many fields such as engineering, science, and education. There are many simulation tools for various types of applications, including those for physics. In this paper, we describe a physics simulation engine we developed based on the concepts and models in SodaConstructor, a construction tool kit for learning physics. The models demonstrate several physics phenomena and are explained with experiments to illustrate the functionality of the simulation engine.
Envelope Determinants of Equine Lentiviral Vaccine Protection (2013)

Lentiviral envelope (Env) antigenic variation and associated immune evasion present major obstacles to vaccine development. The concept that Env is a critical determinant for vaccine efficacy is well accepted, however defined correlates of protection associated with Env variation have yet to be determined. We reported an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine study that directly examined the effect of lentiviral Env sequence variation on vaccine efficacy. The study identified a significant, inverse, linear correlation between vaccine efficacy and increasing divergence of the challenge virus Env gp90 protein compared to the vaccine virus gp90. The report demonstrated approximately 100% protection of immunized ponies from disease after challenge by virus with a homologous gp90 (EV0), and roughly 40% protection against challenge by virus (EV13) with a gp90 13% divergent from the vaccine strain. In the current study we examine whether the protection observed when challenging with the EV0 strain could be conferred to animals via chimeric challenge viruses between the EV0 and EV13 strains, allowing for mapping of protection to specific Env sequences. Viruses containing the EV13 proviral backbone and selected domains of the EV0 gp90 were constructed and in vitro and in vivo infectivity examined. Vaccine efficacy studies indicated that homology between the vaccine strain gp90 and the N-terminus of the challenge strain gp90 was capable of inducing immunity that resulted in significantly lower levels of post-challenge virus and significantly delayed the onset of disease. However, a homologous N-terminal region alone inserted in the EV13 backbone could not impart the 100% protection observed with the EV0 strain. Data presented here denote the complicated and potentially contradictory relationship between in vitro virulence and in vivo pathogenicity. The study highlights the importance of structural conformation for immunogens and emphasizes the need for antibody binding, not neutralizing, assays that correlate with vaccine protection.
Inactivation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Accelerates Thrombolysis of a Platelet-rich Thrombus in Rat Mesenteric Arterioles (2001)

To investigate the role of active plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in the evolution of a microthrombus generated in the arteriolar microcirculation, the monoclonal antibody, 33H1F7, which transforms active PAI-1 to a tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) substrate, was evaluated in an arteriolar thrombosis model in the rat mesentery. Arterioles (200-300 um) were stimulated electrically to create an endothelial lesion; ADP was then perfused for 2 min to induce the formation of a platelet-rich thrombus which lysed spontaneously in 140 +/- 24 s. Two successive ADP superfusions produced comparable thrombi which lysed in comparable times. Different doses of 33H1F7 were infused to rats for 30 min and the dose which inactivates rapidly and totally active rat PAI-1 (300 microg/kg/min) was selected to be tested on the thrombosis model. Infusion of 33H I F7 beginning 10 min before the ADP application significantly reduced the lysis time in comparison to the control (123 +/- 30 s versus 169 +/- 33 s, P < 0.05, paired Student's t-test) and the cumulative thrombus area during the lysis period was decreased by 56 +/- 7%. These results demonstrate that inactivation of PAI-1 is able to accelerate lysis of a platelet-rich clot in a mesenteric arteriole of the rat. Thus active PAI-1 most likely participates to the resistance to thrombolysis in the arteriolar microcirculation and its inactivation may shorten ischemic periods after microvascular obstruction such as e.g. during cerebral stroke.
Influence of a Diet Very High in Vegetables, Fruit, and Fiber and Low in Fat on Prognosis Following Treatment for Breast Cancer (2007)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00003787.
Preparation and Properties of Fragrant Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Composites (2009)

The aim of the present work is to upgrade the functionality and applicability of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composites by means of a blending technique. Fragrant ABS composites were prepared by adding a fragrance into the ABS matrix. It was found that the volatility of the essence was greatly affected by the nature of the essence, the environmental temperature and the polymer matrix. In addition, the impact strength and yield strength decreased gradually with increasing fragrance content, but the processing properties were improved rapidly and rate of elongation at the break increased rapidly. The fragrance of the fragrant ABS composites could be maintained for a long time at room temperature.
RNA Interference (2004)

In the early 1990s, attempts to manipulate gene expression by researchers working in three different fields resulted in unanticipated gene silencing. Rather than ignoring such results, these researchers went on to document and further investigate the nature of such silencing, which was named "co-suppression" in plants, "quelling" in fungi, and "RNA interference" (RNAi) in nematodes. By the late 1990s, it was discovered that silencing could be initiated in this diverse set of organisms by exposing cells to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which directed the destruction of mRNAs containing similar sequences. Soon afterward, such dsRNA-mediated silencing was employed as a reverse genetic technique to analyze the functions of specific genes in a broad variety of organisms. Biochemical and genetic studies designed to uncover the components of the RNA silencing machinery identified a common core of proteins that serve to amplify the interfering RNA signal and direct endonucleolytic cleavage of target RNAs. A subset of silencing events may also direct DNA methylation of targeted genes. RNA silencing is thought to have evolved as a defense mechanism to suppress viral replication and transposon mobilization. However, additional functions involving the RNAi machinery have been uncovered, including posttranscriptional regulation of endogenous genes, and maintenance of structure and function of heterochromatin. Whereas many researchers have focused on understanding the natural biological functions of RNA silencing, others are testing its utility in antiviral and cancer therapies and in other biotechnological and biomedical applications.
Foetal bovine serum-derived exosomes affect yield and phenotype of human cardiac progenitor cell culture (2016)

These results stress the importance of considering differential biological effects of exogenous cell culture supplements on the final phenotype of primary human cell cultures.
Prevalence, causes, and characterization of factor XI inhibitors in patients with inherited factor XI deficiency (2003)

Factor XI deficiency, an injury-related bleeding disorder, is rare worldwide but common in Jews in whom 2 mutations, Glu117Stop (type II) and Phe283Leu (type III), prevail. Mean factor XI activities in homozygotes for Glu117Stop and for Phe283Leu are 1 and 10 U/dL, respectively. Inhibitors to factor XI in patients with severe factor XI deficiency have been reported in a small number of instances. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of acquired inhibitors against factor XI in patients with severe factor XI deficiency, discern whether these inhibitors are related to specific mutations, and characterize their activity. Clinical information was obtained from unrelated patients with severe factor XI deficiency, and blood was analyzed for factor XI activity, inhibitor to factor XI, and causative mutations. Immunoglobulin G purified from patients with an inhibitory activity was tested for binding to factor XI, effects on activation of factor XI by factor XIIa and thrombin, and activation of factor IX by exogenous factor XIa. Of 118 Israeli patients, 7 had an inhibitor; all belonged to a subgroup of 21 homozygotes for Glu117Stop who had a history of plasma replacement therapy. Three additional patients with inhibitors from the United Kingdom and the United States also had this genotype and were exposed to plasma. The inhibitors affected factor XI activation by thrombin or factor XIIa, and activation of factor IX by factor XIa. The results imply that patients with a very low factor XI level are susceptible to development of an inhibitor following plasma replacement.
DTS Transient Analysis: A New Tool To Assess Well-Flow Dynamics (2006)

Abstract Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is a valuable tool used to understand the dynamics of oil and gas production and injection rates. This is achieved by monitoring the temperature variations caused by flow or injection rates at the reservoir entry points. Although most documentation to date has been limited to the discussions resulting from the examination of steady-state temperature profile behavior, significantly more knowledge and better assessment of "what's happening" in wells can be gained when sequences of complete wellbore temperature profiles are analyzed during rate-related or other induced thermal transient events, such as seen in pressure transient analysis. DTS technology allows complete wellbore temperature profiles to be obtained in a short period of time without the need for wire line. Discrete temperature measurement information can be obtained along the entire wellbore using optical fiber and a laser source/detector to repeatedly pulse light down the fiber and detect the back-scattered light from every depth. The back-scattered light is the result of the interaction of each laser pulse with the fiber molecules and is proportional to the temperature of the glass at a given depth. Intensity responses of repeated light pulses are averaged to obtain acceptable temperature resolution and can be improved by increasing acquisition time. This paper discusses the value added from transient temperature analysis of DTS profiles for oil and gas wells under production, injection, and treatment conditions. Data taken with DTS technology and thermal simulators from several actual field cases will be provided to demonstrate how these techniques can improve analytical capabilities and how a temperature change has a direct relationship to production/injection layer contributions, reservoir flow properties, tubular leaks, and steam breakthrough locations. The field cases also will demonstrate how a DTS-acquired transient temperature profile analysis can be applied. In addition to the improved data acquisition capabilities, the paper will also provide the cost and safety advantages gained by using DTS transient analysis techniques.
A hypothalamic neuronal cell line persistently infected with scrapie prions exhibits apoptosis (1997)

Neuronal death and vacuolation are characteristics of the CNS degeneration found in prion diseases. Relatively few cultured cell lines have been identified that can be persistently infected with scrapie prions, and none of these cells show cytopathologic changes reminiscent of prion neuropathology. The differentiated neuronal cell line GT1, established from gonadotropin hormone releasing-hormone neurons immortalized by genetically targeted tumorigenesis in transgenic mice (P. L. Mellon, JJ. Windle, P. C. Goldsmith, C. A. Padula, J. L. Roberts, and R. I. Weiner, Neuron 5:1-10, 1990), was examined for its ability to support prion formation. We found that GT1 cells could be persistently infected with mouse RML prions and that conditioned medium from infected cells could transfer prions to uninfected cells. In many but not all experiments, a subpopulation of cells showed reduced viability, morphological signs of neurodegeneration and vacuolation, and features of apoptosis. Subclones of GT1 cells that were stably transfected with the trk4 gene encoding the high-affinity nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor (GT1-trk) could also be persistently infected. NGF increased the viability of the scrapie-infected GT1-trk cells and reduced the morphological and biochemical signs of vacuolation and apoptosis. GT1 cells represent a novel system for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying prion infectivity and subsequent neurodegenerative changes.
Cross-domain Feature Selection for Language Identification (2011)

We show that transductive (cross-domain) learning is an important consideration in building a general-purpose language identification system, and develop a feature selection method that generalizes across domains. Our results demonstrate that our method provides improvements in transductive transfer learning for language identification. We provide an implementation of the method and show that our system is faster than popular standalone language identification systems, while maintaining competitive accuracy. 1