gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erythropoietin and Friend Virus gp55 Activate Different JAK/STAT Pathways through the Erythropoietin Receptor in Erythroid Cells (1998)

Abnormal erythropoietin (EPO)-independent cell growth is induced after infection of erythroid progenitor cells with a polycythemic strain of Friend virus (FVp). Binding of its Env-related glycoprotein (gp55) to the EPO receptor (EPOR) mimics the activation of the EPOR with EPO. We investigated the gp55-EPOR signaling in erythroblastoid cells from mice infected with FVp and in cells of FVp-induced or gp55-transgenic-mouse-derived erythroleukemia cell lines, comparing it with the EPO-EPOR signaling in EPO-responsive erythroblastoid cells. While the Janus protein tyrosine kinase JAK2 and the transcription factor STAT5 became tyrosine phosphorylated with the EPO stimulation in EPO-responsive erythroblastoid cells from anemic mice, JAK1 and STAT5 were constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated in all of these FVp gp55-induced erythroblastoid or erythroleukemic cells. Moreover, this constitutively tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT5 was unable to bind to its specific DNA sequences and did not translocate to the nucleus. Nuclear translocation and DNA binding of this STAT5 species required EPO stimulation. These findings clearly indicate that the FVp gp55-EPOR signaling is distinct from the EPO-EPOR signaling and suggest that STAT5 may not play an essential role in the transmission of the cell growth signals in FVp gp55-induced erythroleukemia cells.
A Rapid Crosstalk of Human γδ T Cells and Monocytes Drives the Acute Inflammation in Bacterial Infections (2009)

Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells are a minor subset of T cells in human blood and differ from other T cells by their immediate responsiveness to microbes. We previously demonstrated that the primary target for Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells is (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP), an essential metabolite produced by a large range of pathogens. Here we wished to study the consequence of this unique responsiveness in microbial infection. The majority of peripheral Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells shares migration properties with circulating monocytes, which explains the presence of these two distinct blood cell types in the inflammatory infiltrate at sites of infection and suggests that they synergize in anti-microbial immune responses. Our present findings demonstrate a rapid and HMB-PP-dependent crosstalk between Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells and autologous monocytes that results in the immediate production of inflammatory mediators including the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and oncostatin M (OSM); the chemokines CCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL10; and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Moreover, under these co-culture conditions monocytes differentiate within 18 hours into inflammatory dendritic cells (DCs) with antigen-presenting functions. Addition of further microbial stimuli (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan) induces CCR7 and enables these inflammatory DCs to trigger the generation of CD4(+) effector alphabeta T cells expressing IFN-gamma and/or IL-17. Importantly, our in vitro model replicates the responsiveness to microbes of effluent cells from peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and translates directly to episodes of acute PD-associated bacterial peritonitis, where Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cell numbers and soluble inflammatory mediators are elevated in patients infected with HMB-PP-producing pathogens. Collectively, these findings suggest a direct link between invading pathogens, microbe-responsive gammadelta T cells, and monocytes in the inflammatory infiltrate, which plays a crucial role in the early response and the generation of microbe-specific immunity.
Sub-45nm resist process using stacked-mask process (2008)

The stacked-mask process (S-MAP) is a tri-level resist process by lithography and dry etching, which consists of thin resist, spin-on-glass (SOG), and spun-on carbon (SOC). However, as design rules progress below 60nm, two problems arise in the conventional S-MAP: 1) the deformation of SOC line pattern during SiO<sub>2</sub> reactive ion etching (RIE), 2) the degradation of lithography performance due to high reflectivity at the interface between resist and SOG in high NA. In this study, we clarified the origin of the above problems and improved S-MAP materials and processes. Firstly, we found that the pattern deformation is induced by the inner stress due to volume expansion by fluorination during RIE, and that the deformation is suppressed by decreasing hydrogen content of SOC. Secondly, we developed new carbon-containing SOG that coexists with low reflectivity and acceptable etching performance. Using the above SOG and SOC, we developed a new S-MAP that shows an excellent lithography / etching performance in sub-45nm device fabrication.
Legends in Their Own Lunchtimes: Australian Publishing Since 1960 (1995)

Frank Thompson examines the growth of a more sophisticated and independent Australian publishing scene since 1960 and its role in developing an international market for Australian writers. A version of this article was presented at the History of the Book in Australia meeting in October 1994.
J161041 Etching characteristics of (K,Na)Nb03 piezoelectric films (2011)

It was investigated that the etching characteristics of lead-free (K,Na)Nb03 (KNN) thin films by the ICP-RIE (Inductive Coupled Plasma ・Reactive Ion Etching) with Ar-C4F8 mixture for the reactive gas. The Ar-C4F8 mixing ratio fixed 10:1, and the chamber pressure was 0.5Pa during the etching. The KNN etching depth has linear relationship as the function of the etching time. The etching rate increased with increasing the antenna power and the bias power. The antenna and the bias dependence of the etching rate show good linearity. These linear relationships indicate the good controllability of the etching. The KNN/Pt selectivity increased with increasing antenna power and decreasing bias power. Thus, the high KNN etching rate was obtained at high antenna power and high bias power condition. The high KNN/Pt selectivity was obtained at high antenna power and low bias power condition. The maximum KNN etching rate and KNN/Pt selectivity were 371.6nm/min. and 85.8, respectively. These results are comparable to that of the conventional piezoelectric PZT films.
EFFICACY OF DDGS-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS IN THE INTENSIVE FATTENING OF YOUNG BULLS (2012)

The study involved 114 young Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls, divided into two groups, experimental and control. Experimental group animals were fed concentrate diets supplemented with corn DDGS. The bulls were slaugh- tered at approximately 570 kg BW, and carcass quality traits were determined. It was found that DDGS added to com- plete diets for young bulls fattened to 570 kg BW had a significant effect on higher daily gains and lower feed intake at the first stage of feeding, from 251 kg to 400 kg BW. At the second stage of fattening, from around 401 kg to 570 kg BW, daily gains were similar in the control group and in the experimental group. Carcass dressing percentage was high (above 55%) in both groups, and the majority of carcasses were classified to conformation class O (ca. 90%), and to fat classes 2 and 3 (ca. 98%). The percentage share of retail cuts in the carcass was comparable in both groups, except for the best end of the neck and sirloin, whose proportions were higher in the experimental group. The market value of cuts per 100 kg beef carcass was about 0.5% higher in the control group than in the experimental group. The meat of bulls from both groups was characterized by good quality. As many as 95% of beef samples had pH below 5.80 and could undergo ripening. The meat of bulls fed DDGS-supplemented diets had a lower intramuscular fat content, lower shear force values, higher concentrations of protein and ash, and a higher contribution of the red component.
<title>Fourier-Transform Holography</title> (1968)

The Fourier-transform relation between the spatial electric field-vector distribu-tion in a quasi-spherical unfocused wavefront, and the focused field near its center, was recognized at least as early as the begin-ning 1900's by A.A.Michelson (see e.g. refer-ences in G.W.Stroke,Diffraction Gratings pp. 426-754 in Vol. 29, Handbuch der Physik, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 1967), and con-temporary operational image-formation rela-tions were used by him in his famous text Studies in Optics before 1927! Recently revived, thanks in particular to the work of Duffieux (1946), D.Gabor (1949), Peter Elias, D.Grey and D.Z.Robinson(1952),AiMarechal, E. L.O'Neill and others, Fourier-transform des-criptions of optical image formation and processing have become particularly powerful with their introduction into holography [Gabor(1949),Cutrona, Leith, Palermo and Porcello,(1960), B.J.Thompson and others(1964), etc.] especially since the introduction of the lensless Fourier-transform by Stroke(1964,1965), who showed that such a hologram, formed by interference of the field scattered by the and a reference field originating from a reference point situated near the object, had an intrinsic resolution gain which may exceed by more than three orders of magnitude the film-limited resolution capability of single-side band, off-axis Fresnel holograms. Among the several extensions and applications of the lensless Fourier-transform hologram arran-gement is that recently exploited by J.Goodman for remote object holography,where the traversal by the point-source reference beam of an air path similar to that of the object beam permits to surmount atmospheric turbulence and path-difference variation effects. In addition to these and other 3-D imaging applications, the author (in part with D. Gabor) has proposed and demonstrated several operational image-processing and computing applications, among which the multiply-expos-ed holograms used for image-synthesis. interferometry and computer-generated holograms, and, most recently, and new type of holographic Fourier-tranform division [Stroke and Zech, Physics Lett. 25A, 89(1967)] which has now permitted to restore into sharp focus images from ordinary blurred photographs of three-dimensional objects, photographed in ordinary white light [Stroke et. ali., Physics Lett. 25A, 443(25 March 1968).
A Convex Polynomial Force-Motion Model for Planar Sliding: Identification and Application (2016)

We propose a polynomial force-motion model for planar sliding. The set of generalized friction loads is the 1-sublevel set of a polynomial whose gradient directions correspond to generalized velocities. Additionally, the polynomial is confined to be convex even-degree homogeneous in order to obey the maximum work inequality, symmetry, shape invariance in scale, and fast invertibility. We present a simple and statistically-efficient model identification procedure using a sum-of-squares convex relaxation. Simulation and robotic experiments validate the accuracy and efficiency of our approach. We also show practical applications of our model including stable pushing of objects and free sliding dynamic simulations.
Predictions of Specific Energies and Specific Powers of Double-Layer Capacitors Using a Simplified Model (2000)

A model based on dilute‐solution porous‐electrode theory is proposed to describe electrochemical devices that store energy in the double layer (double‐layer capacitors). Various assumptions, such as neglecting concentration polarization, potential‐dependent capacitance, and micropore effects, are made in the model. For constant‐current discharges, the model reduces to a resistance capacitance (RC) series circuit model after the initial discharging transients. The RC series circuit model is seen to fit existing experimental data for the discharge times available. The specific energy for constant‐current and constant‐power discharges is maximized over a range of discharge times by optimizing the electrode thickness, electrode porosity, and the final voltage constrained by the cutoff voltage. This maximization allows predictions of the attainable specific energies and powers for these devices and shows the influence of the various cell properties. Energy efficiencies are found for cycles when the capacitor is discharged in a given time and then charged infinitely slowly, and when the capacitor is discharged and charged in the same amount of time. Limitations to the model are discussed. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Preimplantation factor is an anti-apoptotic effector in human trophoblasts involving p53 signaling pathway (2016)

From the earliest stages of gestation, embryonic-maternal interaction has a key role in a successful pregnancy. Various factors present during gestation may significantly influence this type of juxta/paracrine interaction. PreImplantation Factor (PIF) is a recently identified factor with activity at the fetomaternal interface. PIF is secreted by viable embryos and directly controls placental development by increasing the invasive capacity of human extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). To further specify PIF's role in the human placenta, we analyzed the genome-wide expression profile of the EVT in the presence of a synthetic PIF analog (sPIF). We found that sPIF exposure altered several pathways related to p53 signaling, survival and the immune response. Functional assays revealed that sPIF acts through the p53 pathway to reduce both early and late trophoblast apoptosis. More precisely, sPIF (i) decreases the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15, (ii) enhances the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) expression and (iii) reduces the BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) and BCL2 homologous antagonist killer (BAK) mRNA expression levels. Furthermore, invalidation experiments of TP53 allowed us to demonstrate that PIF's effects on placental apoptosis seemed to be essentially mediated by this gene. We have clearly shown that p53 and sPIF pathways could interact in human trophoblast and thus promotes cell survival. Furthermore, sPIF was found to regulate a gene network related to immune tolerance in the EVT, which emphasizes the beneficial effect of this peptide on the human placenta. Finally, the PIF protein levels in placentas from pregnancies affected by preeclampsia or intra-uterine growth restriction were significantly lower than in gestational age-matched control placentas. Taken as a whole, our results suggest that sPIF protects the EVT's functional status through a variety of mechanisms. Clinical application of sPIF in the treatment of disorders of early pregnancy can be envisioned.
A METHOD FOR TESTING THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF POLYMER FILMS (1996)

This project developed and evaluated a method to measure the diffusion of radon through thin polymer films. The system was designed so that the simple, one-dimensional transport model developed by Mosley (1996) could be used. The system uses radium-bearing rock as a high level radon source. The test film is sealed in the system with the high concentration radon gas on one side and an alpha detector sealed on the other side. The activity-versus-time data is collected and fitted using a non-linear least squares method. The system measurements and the three fit coefficients are used to calculate the system efficiency and diffusion coefficient. Three polymer films with published values of the radon diffusion coefficient (polyethylene, polyester, and latex) were tested in duplicate to evaluate the method and determine its comparability to values in published literature. The results show good repeatability (10%) and some comparability to similar published data (20 % to 200%). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We want to recognize and appreciate Eastman Chemical Company for supporting this research and the following companies for providing test materials and material properties:
The Deubiquitinase OTULIN Is an Essential Negative Regulator of Inflammation and Autoimmunity (2016)

Methionine-1 (M1)-linked ubiquitin chains regulate the activity of NF-κB, immune homeostasis, and responses to infection. The importance of negative regulators of M1-linked chains in vivo remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the M1-specific deubiquitinase OTULIN is essential for preventing TNF-associated systemic inflammation in humans and mice. A homozygous hypomorphic mutation in human OTULIN causes a potentially fatal autoinflammatory condition termed OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome (ORAS). Four independent OTULIN mouse models reveal that OTULIN deficiency in immune cells results in cell-type-specific effects, ranging from over-production of inflammatory cytokines and autoimmunity due to accumulation of M1-linked polyubiquitin and spontaneous NF-κB activation in myeloid cells to downregulation of M1-polyubiquitin signaling by degradation of LUBAC in B and T cells. Remarkably, treatment with anti-TNF neutralizing antibodies ameliorates inflammation in ORAS patients and rescues mouse phenotypes. Hence, OTULIN is critical for restraining life-threatening spontaneous inflammation and maintaining immune homeostasis.
Establishing a range of motion boundary for total hip arthroplasty (2011)

Range of motion of the hip joint is a major contributor to dislocation post total hip replacement. Impingement is often treated as a surrogate for dislocation and occurs--prosthetically--when the neck of the femoral component contacts with the rim of the pelvic acetabular cup. This impingement is caused by movement of the leg during activities of daily living. This article analyses hip joint range of motion and its implication for impingement. A systematic literature review was undertaken with the purpose of establishing a range of motion benchmark for total hip replacement. This paper proposes a method by which a three-dimensional range of motion boundary established from the literature can be presented. The nominal boundary is also validated experimentally using a number of configurations of a neutral hip joint coordinate frame.
P04.57 Creating patient-specific computational head models for the study of tissue-electric field interactions using deformable templates (2018)

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are delivered to the brain through two pairs of transducer arrays placed on the patient’s scalp. TTFields distribution in the brain depends the array’s position, patient anatomy and the electric properties of the tissues and tumor. Preclinical studies show that the effect of TTFields is dose-dependent, and depends on the intensity of the TTFields. Therefore, it is important to understand how TTFields distribute in the brain, and how this distribution might influence disease progression. Studying TTFields distribution in the brain most often relies on numerically simulating delivery of TTFields to realistic computational models. Preparation of such models usually involves semi-automatic segmentation of MRI images, which can be a time consuming task. In addition, in clinical scenarios, MRI acquisition time is often reduced by increased slice spacing, limited field of view, or increased scan speed, leading inaccuracies in automated segmentation processes, and increasing the time required for model creation. Here we present a novel method designed to enable rapid model creation under those restrictions. A highly detailed healthy head model serves as a deformable template from which patient models are created. The first step is pre-processing, involving denoising and background noise reduction, as well as super-resolution algorithms when needed. To create the patient model, the tumor is first segmented manually and masked, leaving only healthy tissues in the MRI, which is then registered to the template space to yield the transformation from patient space to template space. The template is then deformed into the patient space using the inverse transformation, and the tumor is placed back creating a full patient model. Next, automatic identification of landmarks on the patient’s head is used to position the transducer arrays on the head, which are then introduced into the model. Finally, boundary conditions are set, and field distribution is simulated using Finite Differences Time Domain (FDTD) method (Sim4Life V3.0, ZMT-Zurich) We have simulated TTFields distribution of 317 patients treated with TTFields as part of the EF-14 trial. Our method is optimized for accurate contouring of tissues highly influencing the distribution of electric field (Scalp, skull, CSF, ventricles), and it is robust, having the ability to give sufficient results even when MRI data quality is low. Thus enabling a study correlating the spatial distribution of TTFields and patient outcome. Our process for rapidly creating patient presents a breakthrough that enables the first study in which the spatial distribution of therapeutic electric fields correlates with patient outcome. In the future this method can be used for clinical studies investigating other clinical indications of large datasets.
<i>In Vitro</i> Reconstitution of the First Steps of Anatoxin-a Biosynthesis in <i>Oscillatoria</i> PCC 6506: From Free <scp>l</scp>-Proline to Acyl Carrier Protein Bound Dehydroproline (2009)

Anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a are two potent cyanobacterial neurotoxins. We recently reported the identification of the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of these toxins in cyanobacteria and proposed a biosynthetic scheme starting from L-proline and involving three polyketide synthases for which the starter would be (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate bound to an acyl carrier protein, AnaD. We now report the in vitro reconstitution of the first steps of this biosynthesis in Oscillatoria PCC 6506. We identified in PCC 6506 the gene coding for an Sfp-like phosphopantetheinyl transferase and purified the gene product, OsPPT, that catalyzed the transfer of the phosphopantetheinyl arm to the serine 41 of AnaD. The pure adenylation protein AnaC loaded L-proline on holo-AnaD and was specific for L-proline (K(m) = 0.97 mM, k(cat) = 68 min(-1)) among the 20 natural amino acids. Among six close structural analogues of L-proline, including (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, we only found 3,4-dehydro-L-proline to be an alternate substrate for AnaC (K(m) = 1.5 mM, k(cat) = 29 min(-1)). The putative prolyl-AnaD dehydrogenase, AnaB, purified to homogeneity as a histidine-tagged protein, showed an absorption spectrum characteristic of FAD-containing proteins. It oxidized prolyl-AnaD to dehydroprolyl-AnaD as shown by tryptic digestion of the protein followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Alignment of the amino acid sequence of this dehydrogenase with related enzymes showed that AnaB belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase superfamily and thus probably catalyzes an alpha-beta-dehydrogenation of the thioester-bound proline followed by an aza-allylic isomerization to yield (S)-pyrroline-5-carboxyl-AnaD, the proposed starter for the subsequent polyketide synthase, AnaE.
An Empirical Equation for Thermodynamic Properties of Light Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures II. Mixtures of Methane, Ethane, Propane, and <i>n</i>-Butane (1942)

An empirical equation is given for the isothermal variation with density of the work content of hydrocarbon mixtures in the gaseous or liquid state. From this fundamental equation are derived (a) an equation of state, (b) an equation for the fugacity, (c) an equation for the isothermal variation of the enthalpy, and (d) an equation for the isothermal variation of the entropy. These equations summarize P-V-T-x properties of the gaseous or liquid phase, liquid-vapor equilibria, critical properties, latent heats of evaporation, and heats of mixing. The equation is a generalization to mixtures of the equation for pure hydrocarbons given in the first paper of this series. Methods are proposed for determining the parameters in the equation for mixtures from the parameters in the equation for pure hydrocarbons. A comparison is made between observed properties of mixtures and those predicted by the equations. These comparisons show that the equations provide a satisfactory practical summary of the volumetric properties and liquid-vapor equilibria of mixtures of methane, ethane, propane, and n-butane.