gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Release of Mast Cell Tryptase from Human Colorectal Mucosa in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2001)

This study provides clear evidence from viable endoscopic colorectal samples that mast cell mediators were secreted during active inflammation in CD and UC. However, the extent of mast cell involvement and activation differs considerably between CD and UC. Significantly increased rates of tryptase secretion were found both in non-inflamed and inflamed tissue of UC, indicating that mast cell involvement is a typical feature of UC.
The gene region UL128-UL131A of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is essential for monocyte infection and block of migration - Characterisation of the infection of primary human monocytes (2010)

Monocytes are targets of HCMV infection and vehicles for viral dissemination in vivo. By using two TB40E-derived BAC clones expressing the full-length (BAC4) or a truncated form of pUL128 (BAC1), the role of UL128 for infection and motility of monocytes has been investigated. Like TB40E, BAC4 was able to infect and to express IE gene products in monocytes. BAC4-infected monocytes exhibited normal cytoskeleton architecture but a complete inability to migrate in response to chemokines as a consequence of intracellular retention of the cognate chemokine receptors. Similar to TB40F, BAC1 virions entered into monocytes but were retained in cytoplasmatic vesicles and IE gene expression could not be detected. Moreover, the chemokine responsiveness of monocytes inoculated with BAC1 was normal. In order to exclude that second-site mutations were responsible for the observed phenotype, revertant viruses were tested. The re-introduction of the wild-type UL128 sequence in BAC1 resulted in BAC1repaired (BAC1rep) and the introduction of the mutation responsible for the truncation in BAC4 resulted in BAC4mutated (BAC4mut). It has been observed that only BAC4 and BAC1rep, expressing the full-length form of pUL128, were able to infect monocytes and block their migration. Finally, monocytes incubated with the recombinant UL128 protein (rpUL128) showed the same block of migration like BAC4 and BAC1rep infected cells, while monocytes treated with an irrelevant recombinant protein migrated normally. Further more it has been observed that rpUL128 induced monocyte recruitment with the same potency as MCP-1, supporting the hypothesis that pUL128 can act as a chemokine and thus lead to chemokine receptor binding and internalisation.
Synthesis and characterization of a random terpolymer of <scp>L</scp>‐lactide, ϵ‐caprolactone and glycolide (2001)

Abstract A random terpolymer of L ‐lactide (LL), ϵ‐caprolactone (CL) and glycolide (G) has been synthesized in bulk at 130 °C using stannous octoate as the coordination–insertion initiator. The terpolymer, poly(LL‐ ran ‐CL‐ ran ‐G), has been characterized by a combination of analytical techniques: GPC, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, DSC and TG. Molecular weight characterization by GPC shows a unimodal molecular weight distribution with values of M n = 1.01 × 10 5 g mol −1 and M w / M n = 2.17. Compositional and microstructural analysis by 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR, respectively, reveal a terpolymer composition of LL:CL:G = 74:15:11 (mol%) with a chain microstructure consistent with random monomer sequencing. This latter view is supported by the terpolymer temperature transitions ( T g and T m ) from DSC and the thermal decomposition profile from TG. The results and, in particular, the conclusion that it is a random rather than a statistical terpolymer are discussed in the light of current theories regarding the mechanism of this type of polymerization. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
… but Ersatz McKenzie Has Plenty of Advocates (1992)

Chiropractic Education Program Coordinator. McKenzie Institute International. 4025 Deep Valley Dr., Dallas. Texas 75244.
Tracking time-varying properties of the systemic vascular bed (1989)

The problem of tracking changes in viscoelastic properties of the systemic arterial bed is considered and a recursive estimation procedure, belonging to the class of output-error algorithms with adjustable compensator, is developed and discussed. By means of computer simulations, suitable values are determined for the key design variable which controls the tradeoff between tracking ability and noise sensitivity of the algorithm. In this way, the algorithm allows on-line estimation of arterial compliance, peripheral resistance, and characteristic impedance on the basis of aortic pressure and flow signals. Furthermore, the results obtained from data numerically simulated, as well as measured on a mock circulatory system, demonstrate that the dominant arterial time-constant can be tracked by the algorithm using only measurements of the aortic pressure during diastole.
Synthesis of an octacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). (1979)

The octacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was synthesized using a new arginine derivative, NG-mesitylene-2-sulfonylarginine. A great tendency of ring closure in the Asp-Asn sequence during the acidolytic deprotection was noted.
A model-based predictive control scheme for steal rolling mills using neural networks (2003)

A capital issue in roll-gap control for rolling mill plants is the difficulty to measure the output thickness without including time delays in the control loop. Time delays are a consequence of the possible locations for the output thickness sensor, which usually is located some distance away from the roll gap. In this work, a new model-based predictive control law is proposed. The new scheme is a neural network based predictive control structure which is applied to roll-gap control with outstanding results. It is shown that the neural network based predictive control permits to overcome the existing time delays in the system dynamics. The proposed scheme implements a virtual thickness sensor, which releases an accurate estimate of the actual output thickness. It is shown that the dynamic response of the rolling mill system can be substantially improved by using the proposed controller. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the controller performance.
A new excitation method : Combining burst random excitation with cyclic averaging (1998)

The use of controlled excitation is fundamental to the acquisition of input-output data for the purpose of estimating modal parameters. The characteristics of the excitation greatly influence the quality of the resulting measurements. This paper first presents an overview of the basic excitation methods, such as, random, periodic random, pseudo-random, and burst random. The paper then reviews the use of cyclic averaging with random excitation methods. Finally, the paper develops a new excitation method that is the result of combining cyclic averaging with burst random excitation. This combination of methods results in an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for lightly damped structures where leakage is a significant problem. An experimental example is given for a typical lightly damped, structural system. Nomenclature Navg = Number of averages. Nc = Number of cyclic averages. Ns = Number of spectral averages. Ni = Number of inputs. No = Number of outputs. Fmax = Maximum frequency (Hz.). Δ f = Frequency resolution (Hz.). T = Observation period (Sec.). 1.
Particle filter based robust mobile robot localization (2009)

Mobile robot localization is an important issue in the service robotics area, which is to determine the position of a robot given a map of its environment. In this paper, we described a robust self-localization approach for mobile robot based on particle filtering, which is a sophisticated model for robust estimation. In this method a large number of hypothetical current particles are initially generated to represent the possible robot position, with each sensor update, the probability that each hypothetical particle is updated based on Bayesian principle. Similarly, every robot motion is also applied in a statistical way to the particles based on the statistical motion model. Experimental results demonstrated good performance and robustness of our approach.
Erosion Wear Properties of Tetragonal ZrO <sub>2</sub> (Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> )‐Toughened Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> Composites (1994)

Erosion wear properties of tetragonal zirconia ( t ‐ZrO 2 with 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 )/Al 2 O 3 composites with different volume fractions of t ‐ZrO 2 in the rang of O to 100 vol% (including Al 2 O 3 or t ‐ZrO 2 ceramics), were measured by a collision test between Al 2 O 3 or SiC particles accelerated in an air stream (240 m/s) and a stationary composite or ceramics target. In the case of Al 2 O 3 erodent particles, the wear rate of composites decreased to one‐tenth of the wear rate of Al 2 O 3 or t ‐ZrO 2 ceramics. The optimum volume fraction of the addi‐tive phase for increased wear resistance was in the range of 7 to 22 vol% of t‐ZrO 2 . However, the wear resistance of all composites in collision with SiC particles deteriorated. The maximum wear rate appeared at about 40 vol% of t‐ZrO 2 , and reached two times that of the Al 2 O 3 or t‐ZrO 2 ceramics. The mean fracture load of the SiC erodent particle in a diametral compression test under quasi‐static loading was 2.3 times the value of the Al 2 O 3 particle, which broke after collision with the target. Therefore, the mean impact force produced by Al 2 O 3 particles striking the target was much lower than that from SiC particles. Because the impact force acting from the Al 2 O 3 particles did not reach the threshold force required for lateral crack propagation in the composites, the principal damage mechanism, the wear resistance of composites increased. However, the impact force from SiC particles was greater than the threshold force, and lateral or other damaging cracking was promoted at the wear surface of the composite materials. This discussion is in agreement with the analysis by the lateral crack model and the results for the median crack length of each ceramic measured by Vickers indentation tests with different loads. The slope of the logarithm of median crack length as a function of the logarithm of Vickers indent load was larger than the value of 2/3 obtained theoretically.
Test-retest variability of serotonin 5-HT2A receptor binding measured with positron emission tomography and [18F]altanserin in the human brain (1998)

The role of serotonin in CNS function and in many neuropsychiatric diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, affective disorders, degenerative dementias) support the development of a reliable measure of serotonin receptor binding in vivo in human subjects. To this end, the regional distribution and intrasubject test-retest variability of the binding of [18F]altanserin were measured as important steps in the further development of [18F]altanserin as a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) studies of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. Two high specific activity [18F]altanserin PET studies were performed in normal control subjects (n = 8) on two separate days (2-16 days apart). Regional specific binding was assessed by distribution volume (DV), estimates that were derived using a conventional four compartment (4C) model, and the Logan graphical analysis method. For both analysis methods, levels of [18F]altanserin binding were highest in cortical areas, lower in the striatum and thalamus, and lowest in the cerebellum. Similar average differences of 13% or less were observed for the 4C model DV determined in regions with high receptor concentrations with greater variability in regions with low concentrations (16-20%). For all regions, the absolute value of the test-retest differences in the Logan DV values averaged 12% or less. The test-retest differences in the DV ratios (regional DV values normalized to the cerebellar DV) determined by both data analysis methods averaged less than 10%. The regional [18F]altanserin DV values using both of these methods were significantly correlated with literature-based values of the regional concentrations of 5-HT2A receptors determined by postmortem autoradiographic studies (r2 = 0.95, P < 0.001 for the 4C model and r2 = 0.96, P < 0.001 for the Logan method). Brain uptake studies in rats demonstrated that two different radiolabeled metabolites of [18F]altanserin (present at levels of 3-25% of the total radioactivity in human plasma 10-120 min postinjection) were able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. However, neither of these radiolabeled metabolites bound specifically to the 5-HT2A receptor and did not interfere with the interpretation of regional [18F]altanserin-specific binding parameters obtained using either a conventional 4C model or the Logan graphical analysis method. In summary, these results demonstrate that the test-retest variability of [18F]altanserin-specific binding is comparable to that of other PET radiotracers and that the regional specific binding of [18F]altanserin in human brain was correlated with the known regional distribution of 5-HT2A receptors. These findings support the usefulness of [18F]altanserin as a radioligand for PET studies of 5-HT2A receptors.
<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of a novel electrically conductive polypyrrole/poly(<scp>D</scp>,<scp>L</scp>‐lactide) composite and polypyrrole‐coated poly(<scp>D</scp>,<scp>L</scp>‐lactide‐<i>co</i>‐glycolide) membranes (2004)

This study evaluated the in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradation behavior of a novel polypyrrole (PPy)/poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) composite and PPy-coated poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) membranes. Test membranes were implanted subcutaneously in rats for 3-120 days. The biocompatibility was assessed by quantifying the alkaline and acid phosphatase secretion, the immunohistochemical staining of the ED-2-positive macrophages, and the histology at the tissue/material interface. The degradation was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Pure PDLLA and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) membranes were used as references, whereas expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and a commercial styrene-butadiene rubber were used as controls. The enzyme activity of the PPy-containing specimens was shown to be similar to that of the references. The histological findings were consistent with the enzymatic results, showing a mild-to-moderate acute inflammation followed by a resolution of the inflammatory response with a decrease in inflammatory cells for each biodegradable membrane. The tissue reactions to the PPy, which was either in the form of nanoparticles or surface coating, were comparable to the response to the neighboring biodegradable materials. Elevated ED-2-positive macrophage populations appeared as early as day 3 in the loose connective tissue surrounding the implants. The density of these populations was related to the degree of inflammation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the degradation of the PPy/PDLLA composite was not affected by the presence of PPy.
Pancreatic Digestive Enzyme Blockade in the Small Intestine Prevents Insulin Resistance in Hemorrhagic Shock (2013)

Hemorrhagic shock is associated with metabolic defects, including hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, but the mechanisms are unknown. We recently demonstrated that reduction of the extracellular domain of the insulin receptor by degrading proteases may lead to a reduced ability to maintain normal plasma glucose values. In shock, transfer of digestive enzymes from the lumen of the intestine into the systemic circulation after breakdown of the intestinal mucosal barrier causes inflammation and organ dysfunction. Suppression of the digestive enzymes in the lumen of the intestine with protease inhibitors is effective in reducing the level of the inflammatory reactions. To determine the degree to which blockade of digestive enzymes affects insulin resistance in shock, rats were exposed to acute hemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg for 2 h) at which time all shed blood volume was returned. Digestive proteases in the intestine were blocked with a serine protease inhibitor (tranexamic acid in polyethylene glycol and physiological electrolyte solution), and the density of the insulin receptor was measured with immunohistochemistry in the mesentery microcirculation. The untreated rat without enzyme blockade had significantly attenuated levels of insulin receptor density as compared with control and treated rats. Blockade of the digestive proteases after 60 min of hypotension in the lumen of the small intestine led to a lesser decrease in insulin receptor density compared with controls without protease blockade. Glucose tolerance test indicates a significant increase in plasma glucose levels 2 h after hemorrhagic shock, which are reduced to control values in the presence of protease inhibition in the lumen of the intestine. The transient reduction of the plasma glucose levels after an insulin bolus is significantly attenuated after shock but is restored when digestive enzymes in the lumen of the intestine are blocked. These results suggest that in hemorrhagic shock elevated microvascular extracellular digestive enzyme activity causes insulin receptor dysfunction, hyperglycemia, and reduced ability to regulate blood glucose values.
Social and biophysical variation in regional timber harvest regimes (2017)

In terms of adult tree mortality, harvesting is the most prevalent disturbance in northeastern United States forests. Previous studies have demonstrated that stand structure and tree species composition are important predictors of harvest. We extend this work to investigate how social factors further influence harvest regimes. By coupling the Forest Inventory and Analysis database to U.S. Census and National Woodland Owner Survey (NWOS) data, we quantify social and biophysical variation in the frequency and intensity of harvesting throughout a 20-state region in the northeastern United States. Among social factors, ownership class is most predictive of harvest frequency and intensity. The annual probability of a harvest event within privately owned forest (3%/yr) is twice as high as within publicly owned forests (1.5%/yr). Among private owner classes, the annual harvest probability on corporate-owned forests (3.6%/yr) is 25% higher than on private woodlands (2.9%/yr). Among public owner classes, the annual probability of harvest is highest on municipally owned forests (2.4%/ yr), followed by state-owned forests (1.6%/yr), and is lowest on federal forests (1%/yr). In contrast, corporate, state, and municipal forests all have similar distributions of harvest intensity; the median percentage of basal area removed during harvest events is approximately 40% in these three owner groups. Federal forests are similar to private woodlands with median harvest intensities of 23% and 20%, respectively. Social context variables, including local home prices, population density and the distance to a road, help explain the intensity, but not the frequency, of harvesting. Private woodlands constitute the majority of forest area; however, demographic data about their owners (e.g., their age, educational attainment, length of land tenure, retired status) show little relationship to aggregate harvest behavior. Instead, significant predictors for harvesting on private woodlands include live-tree basal area, forest type, and distance from roads. Just as with natural disturbance regimes, harvest regimes are predictable in terms of their frequency, intensity, and dispersion; and like their natural counterparts, these variables are determined by several important dimensions of environmental context. But in contrast to natural disturbance regimes, the important dimensions of context for harvesting include a combination of social and biophysical variables.
DNA Joining in Mammalian Cells (1993)

Since their discovery almost 30 years ago, DNA ligases have been used extensively as reagent enzymes. Joining of DNA single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks can be achieved efficiently by employing overproduced microbial DNA ligases, and this is a key step in recombinant DNA research. The facile sealing of DNA strand interruptions with commercially obtained enzymes in vitro may have generated the impression that DNA ligation is a simple, unregulated process in vivo. This is not likely to be the case. Instead, recent work on DNA-joining activities in mammalian cell nuclei indicates that DNA ligation efficiency is regulated at several levels, including transcriptional and posttranslational control of DNA ligase activity, and is influenced by the occurrence of separate protein activators and inhibitors of DNA ligases, the presence of multiple DNA ligases in cell nuclei, and the existence of other proteins such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase that bind tightly at DNA chain breaks....
Troglitazone Decreases the Proportion of Small, Dense LDL and Increases the Resistance of LDL to Oxidation in Obese Subjects (1998)

In obese subjects, treatment with troglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, increases the ratio of large buoyant to small dense LDL, and appears to enhance the resistance of the LDL particle to oxidation. These qualitative changes in lipoproteins may have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk profile and compensate for a small increase in LDL cholesterol.
DRAMSim2: A Cycle Accurate Memory System Simulator (2011)

In this paper we present DRAMSim2, a cycle accurate memory system simulator. The goal of DRAMSim2 is to be an accurate and publicly available DDR2/3 memory system model which can be used in both full system and trace-based simulations. We describe the process of validating DRAMSim2 timing against manufacturer Verilog models in an effort to prove the accuracy of simulation results. We outline the combination of DRAMSim2 with a cycle-accurate x86 simulator that can be used to perform full system simulations. Finally, we discuss DRAMVis, a visualization tool that can be used to graph and compare the results of DRAMSim2 simulations.
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide in the chemoprevention of squamous metaplasia and dysplasia of the bronchial epithelium. (2000)

Lung cancer remains the number one cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. To reduce the mortality associated with this disease, individuals at risk must be identified prior to the development of lung cancer, and effective prevention strategies must be developed. One such strategy is to use retinoids like N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), which has been found to possess chemopreventive activities in preclinical studies. In this study, 139 smokers were registered and 82 were randomized onto a double-blinded, placebo-controlled chemoprevention trial of 4-HPR administered p.o. (200 mg once daily). Of these, 70 participants were eligible for response evaluation. Biopsies were obtained at six predetermined sites in the bronchial tree from participants before and at the completion of 6 months of treatment. 4-HPR treatment had no measurable effect on histopathology (squamous metaplasia and dysplasia) in the bronchial epithelium of current smokers. 4-HPR was detected (104.5+/-64.0 ng/ml, mean +/- SD) in the serum of participants, supporting its potential bioavailability. Serum retinol levels decreased markedly (44% of placebo-treated patients) as a consequence of 4-HPR treatment. Notably, the mRNA level of retinoic acid receptor beta, which is typically increased by retinoid treatment, did not change in the bronchial epithelium of 4-HPR-treated participants. Clonal populations of bronchial epithelial cells were detected by analysis of loss of heterozygosity at putative tumor suppressor loci on chromosomes 3p, 9p, and 17p, and these changes were not altered by 4-HPR treatment. In conclusion, at this dose and schedule, 4-HPR was not effective in reversing squamous metaplasia, dysplasia, or genetic and phenotypic abnormalities in the bronchial epithelium of smokers.