gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of the Isoprenyl Tail of Ubiquinone in Reaction with Respiratory Enzymes:  Studies with Bovine Heart Mitochondrial Complex I and <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> <i>bo</i>-Type Ubiquinol Oxidase (1998)

The hydrophobic isoprene tail of ubiquinone-2 (Q2) exihibits binding specificity in redox reactions with bovine heart mitochondrial complex I (Ohshima, M., Miyoshi, H., Sakamoto, K., Takegami, K., Iwata, J., Kuwabara, K., Iwamura, H., and Yagi, T. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 6436-6445) and the Escherichia coli bo-type ubiquinol oxidase (Sakamoto, K., Miyoshi, H., Takegami, K., Mogi, T., Anraku, Y., and Iwamura, H. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 29897-29902). To identify the structural factor(s) of the diprenyl tail of Q2 governing the specific interaction with these enzymes, we synthesized a series of novel Q2 analogues in which only one of the structural factors of the diprenyl tail was systematically modified. In bovine complex I, the presence of the methyl branch and the pi-electron system in the first isoprene unit are responsible for high-affinity binding of Q2 to the ubiquinone reduction site, which results in a low Km and kcat values of Q2 reduction. The position of the methyl group in the tail is strictly recognized by the enzyme. In contrast to complex I, in bo-type ubiquinol oxidase, either of the two pi-electron systems in the tail is required for high-affinity binding of Q2H2 to the enzyme, while the presence of the methyl branch and the location of the pi-electron systems are not strictly recognized by the enzyme. We concluded that the role of the ubiquinone tail is not simply the enhancement of the hydrophobicity of the molecule and that molecular recognition of the tail by the quinone redox site differs among the respiratory enzymes.
Mirror Film Is the Fairest of Them All (2000)

Imagine holding a rainbow in your hand—a flimsy plastic bag that glistens red, blue, green, violet, yellow, and orange as light bounces off it from different angles. Imagine holding another flimsy bag that is a perfect mirror for light waves oscillating in one direction, or polarization, while transparent for others. Now combine the two, and you can begin to picture the dance of light on a new plastic film produced by researchers at the 3M Corp. in St. Paul, Minnesota, and reported for the first time on page 2451.
Short and long range activation by the SV40 enhancer (1984)

Activation of transcription by the SV40 enhancer decreases in an apparently biphasic manner when DNA sequences are interposed between the SV40 enhancer and either the homologous SV40 early or the heterologous conalbumin promoter elements. With increasing lengths of short DNA fragments (up to about 150 bp) activation of transcription decreases to less than 10% of the maximum. This short range effect is observed for both the SV40 early and conalbumin promoter elements and for either orientation of the SV40 enhancer. With the conalbumin promoter, increasing the length of the interposing DNA to 275 bp decreases activation to approximately 4%. Larger inserts, of 650 or 3737 bp, lead to an activation of 0.5%. However, in these recombinants, transcription is still activated at least 10 fold compared to an enhancerless recombinant. The implication of these results is discussed.
6‐31G* basis set for third‐row atoms (2001)

Abstract Medium basis sets based upon contractions of Gaussian primitives are developed for the third‐row elements Ga through Kr. The basis functions generalize the 6‐31G and 6‐31G* sets commonly used for atoms up to Ar. A reexamination of the 6‐31G* basis set for K and Ca developed earlier leads to the inclusion of 3d orbitals into the valence space for these atoms. Now the 6‐31G basis for the whole third‐row K through Kr has six primitive Gaussians for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p orbitals, and a split‐valence pair of three and one primitives for valence orbitals, which are 4s, 4p, and 3d. The nature of the polarization functions for third‐row atoms is reexamined as well. The polarization functions for K, Ca, and Ga through Kr are single set of Cartesian d‐type primitives. The polarization functions for transition metals are defined to be a single 7f set of uncontracted primitives. Comparison with experimental data shows good agreement with bond lengths and angles for representative vapor‐phase metal complexes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 976–984, 2001
New culture medium for the presumptive identificaion of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans (1977)

A new medium composed of Tween 80, oxgall, caffeic acid, and Davis agar (TOC) that provides for the rapid presumptive identification of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans is described herein. C. albicans is differentiated from other yeasts by the sequential production of germ tubes and chlamydospores. In a comparison with cormeal agar control plates, there was an increase of chlamydospore-forming strains of C. albicans (97.1% versus 87.2%) and a decrease in the time required for chlamydospore formation (24 h versus 48 h). C. neoformans produced a brown pigment of TOC, which is specific for its identification, thus differentiating it from the other yeasts. A comparison of 24-h pigment production by C. neoformans on TOC with that of birdseed agar showed a dark, coffee brown color in the former cultures and a light brown color in the latter. The change in pigmentation of C. neoformans, as well as morphological changes in C. albicans, can be induced within 3 to 12 h and in not more than 24 h on the TOC medium.
Prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines (2006)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes virtually all cases of cervical cancer, the second most common cause of death from cancer among women worldwide. This Review examines prophylactic HPV subunit vaccines based on the ability of the viral L1 capsid protein to form virus-like particles (VLPs) that induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Following preclinical research by laboratories in the nonprofit sector, Merck and GlaxoSmithKline are developing commercial versions of the vaccine. Both vaccines target HPV16 and HPV18, which account for approximately 70% of cervical cancer. The Merck vaccine also targets HPV6 and HPV11, which account for approximately 90% of external genital warts. The vaccines have an excellent safety profile, are highly immunogenic, and have conferred complete type-specific protection against persistent infection and associated lesions in fully vaccinated women. Unresolved issues include the most critical groups to vaccinate and when the vaccine's cost may be low enough for widespread implementation in the developing world, where 80% of cervical cancer occurs.
Defeat spyware with anti-screen capture technology using visual persistence (2007)

In this paper, we describe a novel web-based method to generate an on-screen keypad with anti-screen capture technology for secure data entry. Our method protects against spying via keyboard, mouse and screen on a compromised computer.
Speech recognition using weighted HMM and subspace projection approaches (1994)

A weighted hidden Markov model (HMM) algorithm and a subspace projection algorithm are proposed to address the discrimination and robustness issues for HMM-based speech recognition. A robust two-stage classifier is also proposed to incorporate these two approaches to further improve the performance. The weighted HMM enhances its discrimination power by first jointly considering the state likelihoods of different word models, then assigning a weight to the likelihood of each state, according to its contribution in discriminating words. The robustness of this model is then improved by increasing the likelihood difference between the top and the second candidates. The subspace projection approach discards unreliable observations on the basis of maximizing the divergence between different word pairs. To improve robustness, the mean of each cluster is then adjusted to obtain maximum separation different clusters. The performance was evaluated with a highly confusable vocabulary consisting of the nine English E-set words. The test was conducted in a multispeaker (100 talkers), isolated-word mode. The 61.7% word accuracy for the original HMM-based system was improved to 74.9% and 76.6%, respectively, by using the weighted HMM and the subspace projection methods. By incorporating the weighted HMM in the first stage and the subspace projection in the second stage, the two-stage classifier achieved a word accuracy of 79.4%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Resistance to methotrexate in thymidylate synthetase-deficient mutants of cultured mouse mammary tumor FM3A cells. (1981)

Growth inhibition by methotrexate (MTX) of a cultured mouse mammary carcinoma FM3A line and its mutants deficient in thymidine kinase and thymidylate synthetase was studied under a variety of conditions. In medium containing 10 microM thymidine, the thymidylate synthetase-deficient mutants were slightly more resistant to MTX than the wild-type line and the thymidine kinase-deficient mutant. The addition of both 10 microM thymidine and 50 microM hypoxanthine to the medium completely eliminated the inhibition by MTX of the wild-type and thymidylate synthetase-deficient mutants but had no effect on inhibition of the thymidine kinase-deficient mutant. Thus, addition of either thymidine or purine alone was not sufficient to protect FM3A cells against the growth inhibitory effect of MTX. In contrast, addition of a small amount of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to medium containing 10 microM thymidine caused an increase of several orders of magnitude in the resistance of thymidylate synthetase-deficient mutants to MTX but did not affect that of the wild-type line. Wild-type cells became almost as resistant to MTX as did the mutant cells by addition of 1 microM 5-fluorodeoxyuridine as well as a small amount of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate with thymidine. These results show directly that thymidylate synthetase is essential in determining the cytotoxicity of MTX by modulating the intracellular tetrahydrofolate pool.
Penetration of Gentamicin (1969)

Gentamicin sulfate, a new antibiotic effective againstPseudomonas aeruginosa, was administered intramuscularly or subconjunctivally to New Zealand rabbits and drug concentration determined in serum, primary, and secondary aqueous humor by a plate diffusion method. Subconjunctival injection of this drug was well tolerated and produced levels in primary and secondary aqueous humor sufficient to inhibit most sensitive gram-negative organisms. Insignificant levels of gentamicin were found in primary aqueous humor following intramuscular administration of this drug, although secondary aqueous had levels comparable to those seen following subconjunctival administration. These animal data suggest that this drug may be of value in the treatment of spontaneous and perhaps prevention of surgical ocular infections.
Repair technique for phase-shifting masks using silicon-containing resist (1993)

A repair technique for shifter defects on phase shifting masks is described. It is based on the spin-coating of silicon-containing resist on the entire mask, electron beam exposure, and development. The new repair technique is quite simple because it does not require the deposition or removal of shifter materials. Both intrusion and extrusion shifter defects have been successfully repaired.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bacteriophages with Potential for Inactivation of Fish Pathogenic Bacteria: Survival, Host Specificity and Effect on Bacterial Community Structure (2011)

Phage therapy may represent a viable alternative to antibiotics to inactivate fish pathogenic bacteria. Its use, however, requires the awareness of novel kinetics phenomena not applied to conventional drug treatments. The main objective of this work was to isolate bacteriophages with potential to inactivate fish pathogenic bacteria, without major effects on the structure of natural bacterial communities of aquaculture waters. The survival was determined in marine water, through quantification by the soft agar overlay technique. The host specificity was evaluated by cross infection. The ecological impact of phage addition on the structure of the bacterial community was evaluated by DGGE of PCR amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. The survival period varied between 12 and 91 days, with a higher viability for Aeromonas salmonicida phages. The phages of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and of A. salmonicida infected bacteria of different families with a high efficacy of plating. The specific phages of pathogenic bacteria had no detectable impact on the structure of the bacterial community. In conclusion, V. parahaemolyticus and A. salmonicida phages show good survival time in marine water, have only a moderated impact on the overall bacterial community structure and the desired specificity for host pathogenic bacteria, being potential candidates for therapy of fish infectious diseases in marine aquaculture systems.
Patch auditing in infrastructure as a service clouds (2011)

A basic requirement of a secure computer system is that it be up to date with regard to software security patches. Unfortunately, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds make this difficult. They leverage virtualization, which provides functionality that causes traditional security patch update systems to fail. In addition, the diversity of operating systems and the distributed nature of administration in the cloud compound the problem of identifying unpatched machines.
Drugs Five Years Later (1979)

The broad-spectrum of activity and safety of mebendazole remain, after 5 years of clinical experience, unique features of this anthelmintic. Through microtubular destruction, mebendazole kills helminths by inhibiting glucose uptake into susceptible parasites. The drug's poor absorption does not appear to affect clinical efficacy except, perhaps, in the treatment of systemic helminth infections. Mebendazole is generally considered the drug of choice for trichuriasis and has therapeutic advantages over other anthelmintics in the treatment of enterobiasis and hookworm infections. Although mebendazole is an effective agent against ascariasis, there are preferable alternatives. Among its nonapproved uses, mebendazole shows great promise in the treatment of capillariasis and hydatid disease. Further investigation is needed to establish its role in the treatment of taeniasis, Hymenolepsis nana, strongyloidiasis, trichinosis, and Dipetalonema perstans. Undoubtedly, mebendazole will find its greatest value in the treatment of patients with multiple helminth infections.
Elucidation of the effect of brain cortex tetrapeptide Cortagen on gene expression in mouse heart by microarray. (2004)

Intercomparison of changes in cardiac expression profile induced by synthetic peptides (Cortagen, Vilon, Epitalon) and pineal peptide hormone melatonin revealed both common and specific effects of Cortagen upon gene expression in heart.
SUPPORTING STUDENTS STRUCTURALLY (2013)

Beginning architecture students have traditionally been taught structural design using an engineering-based educational model. Often, information is presented in formula-rich lectures filled with abstract representations of architectural space. In other words, when structural design is presented as a series of calculations instead of a series of design explorations, educators miss a great opportunity to develop a better integration between structural information and other architectural coursework—and integration that would enhance design development by balancing technical resolution and exploration. A new educational model for teaching structural design to architects is needed. Architecture students should be given a series of exercises that help to develop their understanding about the relationship between structural form and forces, structural behavior, and the array of potentially responsive architectural forms. This paper will demonstrate how a curriculum based on experiential exercises, haptic learning methodologies and project-based design exercises in a laboratory setting can provide a more effective way forward in educating architects about building structures. Because initial exposure to complex topics can often make a significant difference in long-term learning efficacy, this paper will primarily discuss the very first lab project in the sequence, an ergonomic lab in which the students use their bodies to explore basic structural principles related to the relationship between form and forces.
Mechanisms underlying the temporal precision of sound coding at the inner hair cell ribbon synapse (2006)

Our auditory system is capable of perceiving the azimuthal location of a low frequency sound source with a precision of a few degrees. This requires the auditory system to detect time differences in sound arrival between the two ears down to tens of microseconds. The detection of these interaural time differences relies on network computation by auditory brainstem neurons sharpening the temporal precision of the afferent signals. Nevertheless, the system requires the hair cell synapse to encode sound with the highest possible temporal acuity. In mammals, each auditory nerve fibre receives input from only one inner hair cell (IHC) synapse. Hence, this single synapse determines the temporal precision of the fibre. As if this was not enough of a challenge, the auditory system is also capable of maintaining such high temporal fidelity with acoustic signals that vary greatly in their intensity. Recent research has started to uncover the cellular basis of sound coding. Functional and structural descriptions of synaptic vesicle pools and estimates for the number of Ca(2+) channels at the ribbon synapse have been obtained, as have insights into how the receptor potential couples to the release of synaptic vesicles. Here, we review current concepts about the mechanisms that control the timing of transmitter release in inner hair cells of the cochlea.
Publicaciones periódicas científicas (siglos XVII, XVIII y XIX): fondos conservados en la Biblioteca del Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada (1999)

Este trabajo estudia, en primer lugar, el origen y la evolucion historica de la edicion de publicaciones periodicas de caracter cientifico, desde la institucionalizacion de la ciencia en el siglo XVII hasta la especializacion de fines del siglo XIX. A continuacion, despues de hacer mencion a la prensa cientifica espanola del siglo XIX, se describen las principales publicaciones periodicas cientificas conservadas en la Biblioteca del Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada en San Fernando (Cadiz).
Hydrogen bonded aryl amide and hydrazide oligomers: a new generation of preorganized soft frameworks (2010)

Hydrogen bonded aryl amide and hydrazide foldamers may adopt folded, zigzag or other extended conformations, depending on the positions of the amides and hydrogen bonding sites on the aromatic rings. In recent years, several series of such preorganized frameworks have been developed as efficient acyclic receptors for binding both neutral and ionic guests. The backbones can also be readily modified and appended with discrete functional units. Therefore, they have also been widely utilized in designing new molecular tweezers, for assembling ordered supramolecular architectures, and for directing the formation of complicated macrocyclic systems. This feature article highlights the recent advances, with a primary focus on our own work.
Recognition of biometrie unlock pattern by GMM-UBM (2018)

Unlock patterns are used for authentication in mobile smart devices, yet they are vulnerable to attacks, since only the pattern draw is required. Extra biometric data of the user while drawing the unlock pattern passwords may strengthen the authentication, such as the speed of drawing, the pressure of the finger on the touch screen. Such biometric modality is referred to as behavioral biometrics. Besides, voice is also a behavioral biometric modality, as well as a physiological one. Hence, statistical models such as Gaussian mixture models (GMM) with universal background modeling (UBM) are widely used in speaker verification systems. In this work, we propose to apply and adapt a framework usually dedicated to speaker verification to recognize the unlock patterns based on users' behavior. We evaluate the performance using equal error rate for different combinations of features and varying number of mixtures. As a result of the combination of features, an equal error rate as low as 9.25% on average is obtained, which is promising for a preliminary study on GMM-UBM applied to unlock pattern based biometric recognition.
<sup>13</sup>C NMR Study of 3,9‐di(alkylphenoxy) ‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐3,9‐diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecanes (1985)

Abstract 13 C NMR chemical shifts and 13 C‐ 31 P coupling constants of fourteen derivatives from 3,9‐di(alkylphenoxy)‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐3,9‐diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane and of eight derivatives of the 3,9‐dioxo type are reported. All investigated compounds possess a chair conformation with the lone pair or the phosphoryl oxygen in the equatorial position. The alkylphenoxy groups are in a cis position with respect to the lone pair or the phosphoryl oxygen. Conformational changes about the arylO bond can be monitored via 31 POC 13 C couplings and their angular dependence was found to be non‐symmetric.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Test Simulation System (2012)

Wireless communications test set is a test instrument widely used in the field of telecommunication test, but it costs much. To satisfy the actual needs of University's practical teaching, the wireless test simulation software is designed and developed. The simulation system uses C# language for development and design. In term of technical implementation, methods such as object-oriented simulation, GDI+ and Monte Carlo methods are used to deal with the complicated design during the simulation. It realizes the simulation test process of the test set, getting the same results between simulation test results and actual test effects. In term of simulation teaching, the system provides several practical teaching and management functions by combining with the actual conditions of university. The simulation system is of strong practicality to be applied in college teaching as wireless measurement simulation teaching software.
<title>Very high aspect ratio wafer-free silicon micromechanical structures</title> (1995)

We report on the design and fabrication of a very high aspect ratio, entirely released single crystal silicon (SCS) micro-cantilever `on-a-frame' for z-motion applications. Motions of the micro-cantilever in the x-, y- and z-directions can be independently controlled by varying the spring constants of the SCS mechanical beams from about 10<SUP>3</SUP> N/m to approximately 10<SUP>9</SUP> N/m. We develop a new technology called Scream for High Aspect Ratio Proportions which increases the aspect ratio of the Single Crystal Reactive Etching And Metallization fabrication process. As an example, this novel technique based on a sequence of reactive ion etchings and thermal oxidations offers the capability of building a high aspect ratio wafer-free micro-cantilever `on-a-frame' with vertical dimensions exceeding 100 micrometers . The releasable grid consists of a large surface-to-volume ratio square-shaped `frame- within-a-frame' structure connected by z-motion springs. We have achieved intrinsic stress- based vertical deflections ranging from 60 micrometers to 125 micrometers with respect to the substrate floor for the large surface area (1 mm<SUP>2</SUP>) inner frame forming the z-stage. At the end of the fabrication process, the micro-cantilever `on-a-frame' can be fully released from the SCS substrate, thus resulting in a z-motion stage which can be entirely lifted off the wafer to be integrated with other micromechanical actuators.