gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Coding Method for Efficient Subgraph Querying on Vertex- and Edge-Labeled Graphs (2014)

Labeled graphs are widely used to model complex data in many domains, so subgraph querying has been attracting more and more attention from researchers around the world. Unfortunately, subgraph querying is very time consuming since it involves subgraph isomorphism testing that is known to be an NP-complete problem. In this paper, we propose a novel coding method for subgraph querying that is based on Laplacian spectrum and the number of walks. Our method follows the filtering-and-verification framework and works well on graph databases with frequent updates. We also propose novel two-step filtering conditions that can filter out most false positives and prove that the two-step filtering conditions satisfy the no-false-negative requirement (no dismissal in answers). Extensive experiments on both real and synthetic graphs show that, compared with six existing counterpart methods, our method can effectively improve the efficiency of subgraph querying.
Material properties of Velcro fastenings (1982)

An assessment of the material properties of three types of touch and close fasteners (Velcro) in general orthopaedic usage is presented. The materials were tested under various loading regimes using an Instron testing machine. The force-extension curves were analyzed and values determined for both the stiffness and strength of the various attachments. Particular reference was made to the alteration in attachment strength after cyclic loading. The strength of the standard Velcro was found to be least affected after cyclic loading to simulate continuous usage. A recommendation is made on the specific application of each type of Velcro based on their material properties.
Photonic RF phase shifter for harmonicdownconversion in phased array antennabeam-forming applications (1997)

A photonic integrated-optic RF phase shifter for harmonic downconversion in phased array antenna beam-forming applications is presented. The subsystem consists of two integrated optic Mach-Zehnder interferometers fed with a combined signal from the receiving antenna and the local oscillator. This device achieves both phase shifting and harmonic downconversion of incoming RF signals.
Effects of Biodiesel Blending on Particulate and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Ranges from Diesel Engine (2009)

The influences of different blending percentages of biodiesel on the size distributions of particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are not well known. In this study, commercial pure petroleum-based diesel (D100) and three biodiesel blends of 20% (B20), 60% (B60), and 100% (B100) were tested in an engine operated on a dynamometer following the US transient-cycle test procedure. PM size distributions were measured with micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) and Nano-MOUDI of 0.01-10 m aerodynamic diameter. The collected samples were extracted then analyzed for PAHs by GC/MS. The results revealed that PM emissions decrease apparently as the blending percentages of biodiesel increase. For D100, B20, B60 and B100, PAH emission factors were 3704, 2720, 1709 and 1514 μg/Hph (horsepower per hour), respectively. Increasing the biodiesel blending percentage reduces the emission of both PAHs and PM. As the blending fractions of biodiesel increased, the PM emissions for the four size ranges decreased. The reductions were significant especially for ultrafine (41.3%) and fine (44.8%) PM. The PAH mass was 32.5%, 32.6%, 34.5%, 30.0% in the ultra-fine size range and 23.8%, 24.3%, 29.2%, 34.5% in the nano size range for D100, B20, B60 and B100, respectively. The addition of biodiesel would cause higher percentages of ultra-fine and nano particulates in exhaust gas. For most biodiesel blending mixtures in the four size ranges, the percentages of PAH emission reduction were higher than those of PM emission. The reduction percentages reached 45.1% and 63.7% for B60, 66.5% and 68.3% for B100, respectively in ultrafine and fine size ranges. The BaPeq emission factors for B100 were 27.2, 49.5, 74.2 and 13.0 g/Hph in nano, ultrafine, fine and coarse size ranges. Biodiesel can reduce both PAH emission factors and the PAH corresponding carcinogenic potency in the full size ranges.
Electrooptic Fresnel lens-scanner with an array of channel waveguides (1983)

A new type of beam scanner is discussed based on a 1-D Fresnel zone plate consisting of titanium-diffused channel waveguides on LiNbO3. By electrooptically controlling the guided-wave phase, both beam scanning and 1-D focusing are achieved without a condensing lens. It was experimentally confirmed using the scanner with twenty-one Fresnel zones that the beam spot with a diameter of approximately 50 microm at half-power level of diffraction pattern is scanned over a distance of +/-70 microm in the focal plane with an applied voltage of +/-40 V at 633 nm.
Aggregation-Induced Emission:  Effects of Molecular Structure, Solid-State Conformation, and Morphological Packing Arrangement on Light-Emitting Behaviors of Diphenyldibenzofulvene Derivatives (2007)

Propeller-shaped molecules diphenyldibenzofulvene (1) and (4-methoxyphenyl)phenyldibenzofulvene (2) were nonemissive when dissolved in good solvents but became luminescent when aggregated in poor solvents or in the solid state, showing a novel phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). 8-Phenylbenzo[e]acephenanthrylene (3), a ring-closed form of 1 with one of its phenyl blades locked, was emissive in the solutions, suggesting that the AIE effects of 1 and 2 are caused by the restrictions of intramolecular rotations of their aromatic blades in the aggregation state. The crystals of 1 and 2 emitted stronger, bluer lights than their amorphous powders, possibly due to the structural rigidification and conformational twisting of the dye molecules in the crystalline phase. The light-emitting diodes with a device configuration of ITO/NPB/dye/BCP/Alq3/LiF/Al were fabricated, which emitted bluish-green and yellow lights with maximum luminance and current efficiency up to 5000 Cd/m2 and 1.90 Cd/A, respectively.
Study on Bipole Protection of #x00B1;800KV UHVDC System (2010)

The main circuit of UHVDC transmission system in China is introduced. Based on the ABB HVDC control protection system, the principle and method of the interface technology between the PSCAD/EMTDC and HIDRAW are introduced. An off-line real-time simulation system using PSCAD/EMTDC is built for UHVDC transmission system which is used for protection testing. With a practical project, various of the protection purpose, principle and criterion for the bipoler zone are analyzed in detail. Through simulations on different faults for bipoler zone, different protections of the model are verified and the setting values of the different protections are tested.
Water quality change detection: multivariate algorithms (2006)

In light of growing concern over the safety and security of our nation's drinking water, increased attention has been focused on advanced monitoring of water distribution systems. The key to these advanced monitoring systems lies in the combination of real time data and robust statistical analysis. Currently available data streams from sensors provide near real time information on water quality. Combining these data streams with change detection algorithms, this project aims to develop automated monitoring techniques that will classify real time data and denote anomalous water types. Here, water quality data in 1 hour increments over 3000 hours at 4 locations are used to test multivariate algorithms to detect anomalous water quality events. The algorithms use all available water quality sensors to measure deviation from expected water quality. Simulated anomalous water quality events are added to the measured data to test three approaches to measure this deviation. These approaches include multivariate distance measures to 1) the previous observation, 2) the closest observation in multivariate space, and 3) the closest cluster of previous water quality observations. Clusters are established using kmeans classification. Each approach uses a moving window of previous water quality measurements to classify the current measurement as normal or anomalous. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves test the ability of each approach to discriminate between normal and anomalous water quality using a variety of thresholds and simulated anomalous events. These analyses result in a better understanding of the deviation from normal water quality that is necessary to sound an alarm.
Finding a New Prognostic Biomarker for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2012)

See Article on Page 315-320

For detecting new biomarkers in colorectal cancer, whether they are prognostic or predictive, we should understand the mechanism of the metastatic process at the gene expression level. This article presents a new prognostic biomarker, 'placental growth factor (PlGF)' to the clinical field. PlGF, which is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family in conjunction with VEGF-A and VEGF-B, is a ligand for VEGF receptor-1, which is expressed on endothelial cells, monocytes/macrophages, and some tumor cells. PlGF was isolated in 1991 from the placenta and was found only in very low levels under physiological conditions, but it was up-regulated in pathological circumstances such as wound healing, ischemia and tumor growth [1].

PlGF up-regulation has been found in human meningiomas, hemangioblastomas, melanomas, and cervical squamous cell carcinomas and is associated with angiogenesis in renal cell carcinomas. On the contrary, PlGF is down-regulated in thyroid carcinomas, germ cell tumors and cervical adenocarcinomas. Chen et al. [2] reported that PlGF was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissue and was significantly correlated with microvessel density-evaluated angiogenesis and tumor stage. In this research, the authors found that the PlGF protein expression level in colorectal cancer tissue was significantly correlated with microvessel density, overall patient survival, and clinicopathological factors such as lymph-node metastasis, tumor stage, and lymphovascular invasion. According to the authors, PlGF seems to be an independent surrogate prognostic factor for colorectal cancer progression. However, for these results to be adopted in the clinical filed, it is very important that a large-sample-size study be brought conducted in a validation setting.

The findings of this research finding suggest that PlGF may constitute a novel approach to colorectal cancer treatment. Several agents against PlGF have already developed or are currently under development. Among these agents, two novel agents against PlGF will be briefly discussed. Firstly, aflibercept (ZALTRAP) is a recombinant fusion protein that acts as a soluble receptor that binds to VEGF-A, VEGF-B and PIGF. In April 2011, Van Cutsem et al. [3] reported that aflibercept improved the primary endpoint of overall survival in the Velour phase III clinical trial for second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. Secondly, the humanized anti-PlGF mAb (TB-403) is directed against PlGF. A trial with TB-403 has only completed its first phase. Antitumor activity has been demonstrated with TB-403 in human tumor xenograft models of renal cell carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas. The mechanism of action for TB-403 is currently under investigation; preclinical studies suggest its effects may include blocking tumor angiogenesis and primary tumor growth, as well as inhibition of metastasis. In addition, PIGF inhibition may complement and potentiate the antitumor effects of VEGF inhibition, in part by inhibiting macrophage recruitment [4].
Securing the Wireless LANs that is based on Distributed Resource Management against internal attacks (2007)

Deploying wireless LANs (WLAN) at large scale is mainly affected by reliability, availability, performance, and security. These parameters will be a concern for most of managers who want to deploy WLANs. Most importantly, the security issue became the predominant factor in WLAN design. Different Intrusion detection mechanisms have been addressed in research papers, but with little being focused on internal intrusion and prevention. In this paper an efficient security method has been proposed. It is based on detecting rogue access points as well as rogue bridge access points and denying their access to the WLAN. It also uses Intrusion detection mechanism to detect internal attacks at the mobile terminals (MT) and then discards packets belong to unauthorized process, while encrypt the rest and pass them to access point (AP). All packets arrived at the AP will be verified against police encryption key and successful one will be sent to destination while unsuccessful one will be dropped by the AP. The police encryption key will be uploaded for authenticated MT from AP with corporation of the RADIUS server.
Suicide fads: frequency and characteristics of hydrogen sulfide suicides in the United States. (2011)

H(2)S suicides are increasing in the U.S., and their incidence is probably underestimated by public health officials and physicians. First responders are at risk when assessing these victims due to the severe toxicity of the gas. Emergency providers must be aware of H(2)S suicides to educate others and care for the rare survivor.
Study on 15N NMR of lithium sudan I complex (1986)

The 15N chemical shift have been measured for α-15N-labelled phenylazo-2-naphthol and its lithium complex. The change of the 15N chemical shift on coordination of the azo nitrogen to lithium appears to be related to those of protonation of the same nitrogen. The chemical shifts of azo form and hydrazone form have been calculated according to the weighted δN and 1JNH of different fractions. It is concluded that there is a bond formation between Li and N atoms.
Identification of α-tubulin as a granzyme B substrate during CTL-mediated apoptosis (2006)

Cytotoxic lymphocytes induce target cell apoptosis via two major pathways: Fas/FasL and granule exocytosis. The latter pathway has largely been defined by the roles of the pore-forming protein perforin and by the serine proteinases granzymes A and B. Upon entry into target cells, the granzymes cleave substrates that ultimately result in cell death. To gain further insight into granzyme B function, we have identified novel substrates. SDS-PAGE analysis of S100 cell lysates identified a 51 kDa protein that was cleaved by granzyme B. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that this fragment was the microtubule protein, alpha-tubulin, which was confirmed by western blotting. In addition, two-dimensional gel analysis showed that the truncated form of alpha-tubulin had a more basic isoelectric point than the full-length molecule, suggesting that granzyme B removed the acidic C-terminus. Site-directed mutagenesis within this region of alpha-tubulin revealed the granzyme B recognition site, which is conserved in a subset of alpha-tubulin isoforms. Significantly, we showed that alpha-tubulin was cleaved in target cells undergoing apoptosis as induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Therefore, in addition to its role in the activation of mitochondria during apoptosis, these results suggest a role for granzyme B in the dismantling of the cytoskeleton.
Dechlorination and para-hydroxylation of polychlorinated phenols by Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus (1987)

In this paper we show that a polychlorophenol degrader Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-I initially attacked polychlorinated phenols (pentachlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-, 2,3,4,6-, and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, and 2,3,5- and 2,3,6-trichlorophenol) by tetra- or trichlorohydroquinone-producing para-hydroxylation. The novel hydroxyl group was set in position 4, whether or not a substrate had chlorine substituent in this position. The hydroxyl was in each case derived from water molecules, as was shown by following the incorporation of oxygen from H2(18)O into the reaction products. Nevertheless, the para-hydroxylation reaction required the presence of molecular oxygen, whereas further metabolism of the reaction product, tetrachlorohydroquinone, proceeded also in anaerobiosis. All polychlorinated phenols were readily transformed at 41 degrees C, but none were transformed at 44 degrees C. In contrast to this, tetrachlorohydroquinone was metabolized at a high rate at 50 degrees C, but was not metabolized at 55 degrees C. Polychlorinated phenols were specific inducers of the para-hydroxylating enzymes; para-hydroxylated reaction products did not induce these enzymes. On the other hand, the degradation of tri- and tetrachlorohydroquinone was induced by any of the chlorophenols and also by hydroquinones.
Genetic structure of seven European cattle breeds assessed using 20 microsatellite markers (1998)

Genotype data from 20 microsatellites typed in 253 animals is used here to assess the genetic structure of seven European pedigree cattle breeds. Estimation of genetic subdivision using classical drift-based measures shows that the average proportion of genetic variation among breeds varies between 10 and 11% of the total, depending on the estimator used. We demonstrate that a simple allele-sharing genetic distance parameter can be used to construct a dendrogram of relationships among animals. This phylogenetic tree displays a remarkable degree of breed clustering and reflects an extensive underlying kinship structure, particularly for the Swiss Simmental breed and four breeds originating from the British Isles. Condensation of allele frequencies and individual genotypic compositions using principal component analysis is also used to investigate genetic structure among breeds and individual animals. In addition, the underlying genetic demarcation of European cattle breeds is emphasized in simulations of breeds assignment using allele frequency distributions from samples of microsatellite loci. Correct breed designation can be inferred with accuracies approaching 100% using data from a panel of 10 microsatellite loci.
Single Lipid Bilayer Deposition on Polymer Surfaces Using Bicelles (2015)

A lipid bilayer was deposited on a 3 μm diameter polystyrene (PS) bead via hydrophobic anchoring of bicelles containing oxyamine-bearing cholesteric moieties reacting with the aldehyde functionalized bead surface. Discoidal bicelles were formed by mixing dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine (DHPC), dimyristoyltrimethylammonium propane (DMTAP), and the oxyamine-terminated cholesterol derivative, cholest-5-en-3β-oxy-oct-3,6-oxa-an-8-oxyamine (CHOLOA), in the molar ratio DMPC/DHCP/DMTAP/CHOLOA (1/0.5/0.01/0.05) in water. Upon exposure to aldehyde-bearing PS beads, a stable single lipid bilayer coating rapidly formed at the bead surface. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching demonstrated that the deposited lipids fused into an encapsulating lipid bilayer. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry showed that the short chain lipid DHPC was entirely absent from the PS adherent lipid coating. Fluorescence quenching measurements proved that the coating was a single lipid bilayer. The bicelle coating method is thus simple and robust, can be modified to include membrane-associated species, and can be adapted to coat any number of different surfaces.
Inhibition of Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Activity <i>in Vivo</i> and <i>in Vitro</i> by Energy Uncouplers in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1996)

The effects of energy uncouplers on in vivo and in vitro peptidoglycan hydrolase activities in Escherichia coli were determined. Sodium azide, potassium cyanide, and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone all inhibited ampicillin-induced lysis of exponential phase cultures, even when they were added to lysis-committed cultures. These energy uncouplers also inhibited the solubilization of radiolabeled peptidoglycan by bacterial suspensions that had been treated with 5% trichloroacetic acid by the method of Hartmann et al.3 to activate the peptidoglycan hydrolases. Therefore, the in vivo and in vitro activities of peptidoglycan hydrolases in E. coli are dependent on membrane energization.
Hybrid lll-V and IV lasers and amplifiers (2007)

Silicon evanescent lasers and amplifiers have been demonstrated utilizing low temperature wafer bonding technology. This approach enables the creation of high performance, small footprint active devices on silicon for photonic integrated circuits. (4 pages)
On the Procrustean analogue of individual differences scaling (INDSCAL) (2013)

In this paper, individual differences scaling (INDSCAL) is revisited, considering INDSCAL as being embedded within a hierarchy of individual difference scaling models. We explore the members of this family, distinguishing (i) models, (ii) the role of identification and substantive constraints, (iii) criteria for fitting models and (iv) algorithms to optimise the criteria. Model formulations may be based either on data that are in the form of proximities or on configurational matrices. In its configurational version, individual difference scaling may be formulated as a form of generalized Procrustes analysis. Algorithms are introduced for fitting the new models. An application from sensory evaluation illustrates the performance of the methods and their solutions.
Effect of reperfusion on myocardial infarct, and the accuracy of estimating infarct size from serum creatine phosphokinase in the dog (1976)

This study was designed to determine the effect of coronary reperfusion on (1) myocardial infarct size and (2) the accuracy of previously reported methods for estimation of infarct size serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values. Thirty mongrel dogs, chronically prepared, were studied in the awake state, and were divided into four groups according to the period or left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) occlusion. Group 1: permanent occlusion (24 h) in nine dogs; group 2: 45 min occlusion (eight dogs); group 3: 1 h occlusion (five dogs); and group 4: 3 h occlusion (eight dogs). Serial blood samples were drawn for 24 h following the beginning of occlusion and were used to determine total and isoenzyme levels of CPK, and lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes. All dogs were sacrified 24 h after the beginning of occlusion and were anatomically examined. The extent of anatomical myocardial infarction was determined and compared with the extent of myocardial infarction as estimated from serial serum CPK values. Total serum CPK increased significantly in all groups and was associated with the appearance of CPK-MB isoenzyme and an increase in LDH1,2 (LDH1 greater than LDH2) in most dogs. Total serum CPK increased within an hour after reperfusion and the mean values in groups 2, 3, and 4 were significantly high (P less than 0.05) than serum CPK values in group 1 in the period from 110 min to 4 after occlusion. These data demonstrate that reperfusion after 45 min to 3 h of coronary occlusion results in an earlier appearance of total serum CPK. The anatomical infarction in group 1 averaged 28% +/- 3% (SEM) of the total heart and was significantly larger than infarct size in all groups with reperfusion. In contrast, estimated infarction calculated from total CPK in group 1 was not significantly different from the reperfused groups. Although there was correlation between estimated and anatomical infarction, the data in each group showed that anatomical infarct size could not be accurately estimated from total serum CPK.