gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On evaluating competing bridge fault models for CMOS ICs (2002)

Compares the accuracy, speed and applicability to test generation of existing bridge fault modeling solutions. The authors identify some previously undiscussed anomalous circuit behaviors, and describe the extent to which they affect bridge fault simulation and testing. Finally, they present a system for evaluating bridge fault models in a test generation environment, and present an experiment that provides an assessment of how defect coverage can be affected by a generating and checking model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
InGaAsP planar buried heterostructure laser diode for optical communications (1981)

Buried heterostructure-type lasers are particularly attractive as light sources for optical fiber communications because of their low threshold current and stable single-mode operation. Problems, however, still remain regarding the current confinement and the device production yield. We have realized a new planar buried heterostructure laser diode (PBH-LD), which is characterized by a unique current confining structure and a flat device surface, in addition to low threshold current and stable oscillation mode characteristics of BH-type lasers.1,2 In this paper, the fabrication and basic characteristics of InGaAsP PBH-LDs at 1.3 and 1.5 μm are described.
<title>Display System For Computed Tomographic (CT) Images</title> (1979)

The Stand Alone Viewing Console is an autonomous console, offering a wide range of viewing functions. The input is on flexible disks, these being the medium used for recording Tomoscan 300 images. In this paper, the mini-computer-based organisation is explained and the use of the special-purpose imaging hardware unit (VDU) during viewing is shown in detail.
Bilevel Generalized Least Squares Estimation of Dynamic Origin–Destination Matrix for Urban Network with Probe Vehicle Data (2013)

Methods of estimating dynamic origin–destination (O-D) matrices for urban networks from probe vehicle data are explored. A speed–density function is derived and fitted for different types of roads with the use of the maximum likelihood method. Both a Bayesian method that carefully incorporates prior information and an ordinary method are used to estimate link flows from probe vehicle speed. A dynamic traffic assignment–based bilevel generalized least squares (GLS) estimator considering the distance between the estimated and target O-D matrices as well as the distance between the calculated and observed link flows is formulated to estimate dynamic O-D matrices from estimated link flows. In the iterative solution procedure, the upper level is solved with the extended Bell algorithm, and the microscopic dynamic traffic assignment system VISSIM is applied to produce the assignment matrix in the lower level. A medium-sized signalized network in Tokyo is modeled in a case study in which Bayesian and ordinary methods are compared both in link flow estimation and O-D matrix estimation. Further, the bilevel GLS estimator and bilevel ordinary least squares estimator are implemented and then compared in O-D estimation. The results validate the proposed bilevel GLS estimator.
Antigenicity of the M Proteins of Group a Hemolytic Streptococci (1968)

Summary Group A streptococcal M proteins of serotypes 3 and 12 cross-react as a result of shared antigenic determinants. These cross-reactions are seen in passive hemagglutination assays and in lines of identity in immunodiffusion plates with antisera from rabbits immunized with purified M protein vaccines. Rabbits immunized with one of types 3 or 12 M protein vaccines produce antibodies that are bactericidal only for the homologous serotype. Children with upper respiratory infections caused by either types 3 or 12 group A streptococci develop antibodies to both serotypes. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to streptococcal immunization of humans with M protein vaccines.
Manipulation of experimental rat and rabbit liver tumor blood flow with angiotensin II. (1985)

The effects of angiotensin II on the distribution of blood flow to experimental hepatic tumors in ten rats and rabbits were examined using blood flow tracer microspheres. The ratio of arterially introduced microspheres lodging in tumor tissue compared to the surrounding normal hepatic parenchyma was measured before and after i.v. infusion of angiotensin II-inducing incremental systemic responses. A significant elevation (P less than 0.05) in this ratio was described for both rats (3.0-fold) and rabbits (3.2-fold) following the drug infusion. Ratio elevation occurred in 37 of 40 tumors examined despite the lack of a clear dose-response relationship. In addition, angiotensin II was found to significantly (P less than 0.05) increase the number of microspheres gaining arterial access to the central portions of the tumors. In terms of internal radiation therapy, these results would indicate a substantially enhanced radiation dose reaching tumor tissue after angiotensin II infusion, while relatively sparing the surrounding normal tissue.
Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of active pyrrole based, nonpeptidic analogues of neurotensin(8-13) (1997)

We report the design, synthesis and pharmacological analysis of pyrrole based, nonpeptidic analogues of neurotensin(8-13) for testing further our reported multiple template approach to developing nonpeptidic mimetics of neuropeptides and for developing nonpeptidic mimetics of neurotensin(8-13) as potential drug candidates for the treatments of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease. Three newly synthesized pyrrole analogues (mimics-4, -5 and -6) designed by the multiple template approach have been found to be more active in binding to the neurotensin receptor than the previously reported indole based mimics-1 and -2, which are a partial nonpeptidic antagonist and an agonist of neurotensin(8-13), respectively. The results support the theory of the multiple template approach and provide insights into the rational design of more potent neurotensin mimetics and into the library design for rational screening for effective nonpeptide compounds by combinatorial chemistry.
Biological activity of a new class of rifamycins Spiro-piperidyl-rifamycins. (1980)

The biological properties of spiro-piperidyl-rifamycins, a new class of rifamycin antibiotics, are described. In these derivatives the positions 3 and 4 have been incorporated into an imidazolyl ring bearing a spiro-piperidyl group N substituted with linear and branched aliphatic chains. The in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis increases with the number of the carbon atoms in the linera side chain, whereas the inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli is lowered. The antibacterial activity is only marginally affected by branching of the side chain. In vivo (experimental infections of mice) the optimal therapeutic activity against M. tuberculosis is shown by compounds bearing 3 approximately 5 carbon atoms as a linear or branched side chain; in comparison with rifampicin, the potency of these derivatives is 2 approximately 3 times higher. The finding is in a good agreement with the exceptional tissue tropism, which seems to be a favourable property of this group of derivatives.
Microemulsions: Formation, Structure, Properties, and Novel Applications (2017)

The author discusses the study of structural dynamics of microemulsions and provides some relevant results. Microemulsions have recently aroused much interest as novel media for chemical reactions. The reasons behind such popularity are easily seen from the unique features of microemulsions. Microemulsions have recently aroused much interest as novel media for chemical reactions. The reasons behind such popularity are easily seen from the unique features of microemulsions. The role of cosurfactant in microemulsion formation is to decrease the interfacial tension, increase the fluidity of interfaces, and adjust the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value and spontaneous curvature of the interface, leading to the spontaneous formation of microemulsions. Many novel applications of microemulsions will probably emerge in the coming years. The interaction between microemulsion droplets can also influence the stability, structure, and hence the solubilization of microemulsions. Hence solubilization, structure, and properties of microemulsions are all interrelated.
Distributions of Elements in the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium (1990)

Distributions of elements above the atomic number of sodium were mapped in the retinal pigment epithelia of eight human eyes. X-ray energy spectra and maps were collected from cryofixed, freeze-dried, and epoxy-embedded tissues using energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis. All eyes had high concentrations of phosphorus in the nuclei of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Melanosomes were rich in sulfur, zinc, calcium, and iron. Lipofuscin and cytoplasm contained only phosphorus and sulfur in detectable amounts. Drusen, when present, contained phosphorus and calcium. Six eyes had a prominent aluminum peak recorded from melanosomes, nuclei, and Bruch's membrane. In one pair of 90-year-old eyes, small, electron-dense deposits surrounded many melanosomes and contained mercury and selenium. Retinal pigment epithelial melanosomes may bind and accumulate metals and other potentially toxic ions over time, preventing them from reaching the neural retina.
Broadband OFDM using 16-bit precision on a SDR platform (2002)

This paper discusses our development of a robust broadband model of OFDM using 16-bit fixed-point ANSI C code that can be easily ported to a variety of software defined radio (SDR) platforms. The fixed-point model allows fast runtime, low power consumption, and low cost implementation. The receiver analog to digital converter (ADC) resolution and 16-bit fixed-point issues are explored. The OFDM system consists of DQPSK encoded data symbols, pilot symbols and null symbols to minimize aliasing and reduce filter requirements. The total number of OFDM subchannels is set to 256. A cyclic extension scheme is used to reduce the intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by long multipath delay spreads. The channel model consists of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and continuously variable channel delay. The fixed-point OFDM algorithm was optimized with a system that uses no compensation for peak to average ratio (PAR). The model supports post-detection spatial diversity, which can be easily implemented by the multi-channel architecture provided by many SDRs.
Improved depth map estimation in stereo vision (2011)

In this paper, we present a new approach for dense stereo matching which is mainly oriented towards the recovery of depth map of an observed scene. The extraction of depth information from the disparity map is well understood, while the correspondence problem is still subject to errors. In our approach, we propose optimizing correlation based technique by detecting and rejecting mismatched points that occur in the commonly challenging image regions such as textureless areas, occluded portions and discontinuities. The missing values are completed by incorporating edges detection to avoid that a window contains more than one object. It is an efficient method for selecting a variable window size with adaptive shape in order to get accurate results at depth discontinuities and in homogeneous areas while keeping a low complexity of the whole system. Experimental results using the Middlebury datasets demonstrate the validity of our presented approach. The main domain of applications for this study is the design of new functionalities within the context of mobile devices.
The complete amino acid sequence of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1. (1983)

This report presents the complete amino acid sequence of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1. It has a total of 239 amino acids and a calculated Mr = 27,500. Reaction of the native toxin with trypsin produced five peptides, designated A through E. Their structures were determined after further fragmentation with cyanogen bromide, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Overlap peptides were prepared by cleavage at the two half-cystine residues, and by the reaction of enterotoxin C1 with hydroxylamine. The latter procedure was employed when it was found that one of the three asparaginyl-glycine loci in the toxin is refractory to direct sequencing. The sequence is compared to staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Extensive homology is found, particularly in the carboxyl-terminal region. However, the segment spanned by the disulfide bond in enterotoxin C1 is three residues shorter than the corresponding segment in the B variant.
<title>Micromirror arrays for active optical aberration control</title> (1996)

Micromirror arrays are being developed that can have up to tens of thousands of micromirror elements, each as small as 20 microns on a side, each spaced relative to neighbors so that optical efficiency exceeds 90 percent, and each individually controlled with response times as small as 10 microseconds for piston-like phase-mostly displacements that cover more than one- half optical wavelength. These arrays may be well suited for active aberration control of the focused coherent beams used in many applications, including optical disk storage, optical scanning, and laser radar systems. Active aberration control requires determination of the voltage supplied to the micromirror array elements so that constructive and destructive interference in light reflected from many elements yields the desired result. This paper discussed an approach in which the voltages are determined off-line by simulated annealing optimization and stored for real-time use.
Electrophosphorescent homo- and heteroleptic copper(<scp>i</scp>) complexes prepared from various bis-phosphine ligands (2007)

Homo- and heteroleptic copper(I) complexes obtained from various chelating bis-phosphine ligands and Cu(CH3CN)4BF4 have been used for the preparation of light emitting devices.
Control of transposase activity within a transpososome by the configuration of the flanking DNA segment of the transposon (2007)

The multiple steps of DNA transposition take place within a large complex called the transpososome, in which a pair of transposon DNA ends are synapsed by a multimer of the transposase protein. The final step, a DNA strand transfer reaction that joins the transposon ends to the target DNA strands, entails no net change in the number of high-energy chemical bonds. Physiology demands that, despite remaining stably associated with the transpososome, the strand transfer products undergo neither the reverse reaction nor any further cleavage reactions. Accordingly, when the Mu or Tn10 strand transfer complex was produced in vitro through transposase-catalyzed reaction steps, reverse reactions were undetectable. In contrast, when the Mu or Tn10 strand transfer complexes were assembled from DNA already having the structure of the strand transfer product, we detected a reaction that resembled reversal of target DNA strand transfer. The stereoselectivity of phosphorothioate-containing substrates indicated that this reaction proceeds as the pseudoreversal of the normal target DNA strand transfer step. Comparison of the reactivity of closely related Mu substrate DNA structures indicated that the configuration of the flanking DNA outside of the transposon sequence plays a key role in preventing the transposon end cleavage reaction after the strand transfer step.
일과성 전뇌허혈 유발 쥐의 침전극 저주파자극 후 대뇌의 c-Fos 발현에 미치는 영향 (2010)

Ischemia that causes strike induces inflammation of brain cells and apoptosis and as a result. it influences much in the functional part of a man. The...
Studies on Polynucleotides. VII.<sup>1</sup> Approaches to the Marking of End Groups in Polynucleotide Chains: The Methylation of Phosphomonoester Groups<sup>2</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Polynucleotides. VII.1 Approaches to the Marking of End Groups in Polynucleotide Chains: The Methylation of Phosphomonoester Groups2H. G. KhoranaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 17, 4657–4660Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01526a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01526a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> induces cancer cell motility independent of the c-Met receptor (2009)

These data demonstrate that H. pylori stimulates cancer cell motility independent of the c-Met receptor. We further hypothesize that although H. pylori does not target c-Met, the bacteria may still utilize c-Met effector signaling to stimulate CagA-independent cancer cell motility, which may provide a further mechanism of H. pylori -dependent gastric cancer progression.
Impact of Network Activity on the Integrative Properties of Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons In Vivo (1999)

During wakefulness, neocortical neurons are subjected to an intense synaptic bombardment. To assess the consequences of this background activity for the integrative properties of pyramidal neurons, we constrained biophysical models with in vivo intracellular data obtained in anesthetized cats during periods of intense network activity similar to that observed in the waking state. In pyramidal cells of the parietal cortex (area 5-7), synaptic activity was responsible for an approximately fivefold decrease in input resistance (Rin), a more depolarized membrane potential (Vm), and a marked increase in the amplitude of Vm fluctuations, as determined by comparing the same cells before and after microperfusion of tetrodotoxin (TTX). The model was constrained by measurements of Rin, by the average value and standard deviation of the Vm measured from epochs of intense synaptic activity recorded with KAc or KCl-filled pipettes as well as the values measured in the same cells after TTX. To reproduce all experimental results, the simulated synaptic activity had to be of relatively high frequency (1-5 Hz) at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. In addition, synaptic inputs had to be significantly correlated (correlation coefficient approximately 0.1) to reproduce the amplitude of Vm fluctuations recorded experimentally. The presence of voltage-dependent K+ currents, estimated from current-voltage relations after TTX, affected these parameters by <10%. The model predicts that the conductance due to synaptic activity is 7-30 times larger than the somatic leak conductance to be consistent with the approximately fivefold change in Rin. The impact of this massive increase in conductance on dendritic attenuation was investigated for passive neurons and neurons with voltage-dependent Na+/K+ currents in soma and dendrites. In passive neurons, correlated synaptic bombardment had a major influence on dendritic attenuation. The electrotonic attenuation of simulated synaptic inputs was enhanced greatly in the presence of synaptic bombardment, with distal synapses having minimal effects at the soma. Similarly, in the presence of dendritic voltage-dependent currents, the convergence of hundreds of synaptic inputs was required to evoke action potentials reliably. In this case, however, dendritic voltage-dependent currents minimized the variability due to input location, with distal apical synapses being as effective as synapses on basal dendrites. In conclusion, this combination of intracellular and computational data suggests that, during low-amplitude fast electroencephalographic activity, neocortical neurons are bombarded continuously by correlated synaptic inputs at high frequency, which significantly affect their integrative properties. A series of predictions are suggested to test this model.
Single pass algorithm for the generation of chain-coded contours and contours inclusion relationship (2002)

A single-pass algorithm for extracting 8-direction chain-coded contours from a binary image and determining the contour inclusion relationship is described. The algorithm processes the image using a 2 /spl times/ 2 pixel window sliding in a raster scanning fashion. By observing the sequence of patterns through this window, intermediate structures called fragments may be created, lengthened, merged, or closed to form a complete contour. Inclusion relationships among fragments and/or contour are maintained throughout the processing, and are operated in such a way that, once a contour is formed, its relationship with those contours being enclosed must be correct. Realization of the algorithm on a sequential machine is compared with other algorithms in the literature, showing that, for images with more contour points, the proposed algorithm is the fastest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
6 MV dosimetric characterization of the 160 MLC™, the new Siemens multileaf collimator (2008)

New technical developments constantly aim at improving the outcome of radiation therapy. With the use of a computer-controlled multileaf collimator (MLC), the quality of the treatment and the efficiency in patient throughput is significantly increased. New MLC designs aim to further enhance the advantages. In this article, we present the first detailed experimental investigation of the new 160 MLC, Siemens Medical Solutions. The assessment included the experimental investigation of typical MLC characteristics such as leakage, tongue-and-groove effect, penumbra, leaf speed, and leaf positioning accuracy with a 6 MV treatment beam. The leakage is remarkably low with an average of 0.37% due to a new design principle of slightly tilted leaves instead of the common tongue-and-groove design. But due to the tilt, the triangular tongue-and-groove effect occurs. Its magnitude of approximately 19% is similar to the dose defect measured for MLCs with the common tongue-and-groove design. The average longitudinal penumbra measured at depth d(max) = 15 mm with standard 100 x 100 mm2 fields is 4.1 +/- 0.5 mm for the central range and increases to 4.9 +/- 1.3 mm for the entire field range of 400 x 400 mm2. The increase is partly due to the single-focusing design and the large distance between the MLC and the isocenter enabling a large patient clearance. Regarding the leaf speed, different velocity tests were performed. The positions of the moving leaves were continuously recorded with the kilovoltage-imaging panel. The maximum leaf velocities measured were 42.9 +/- 0.6 mm/s. In addition, several typical intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatments were performed and the delivery times compared to the Siemens OPTIFOCUS MLC. An average decrease of 11% in delivery time was observed. The experimental results presented in this article indicate that the dosimetric characteristics of the 160 MLC are capable of improving the quality of dose delivery with respect to precision and dose conformity.