gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Net Migration and State Labor Market Dynamics (1999)

I present a simple model of migration in which the net migration rate into a state depends on the expected present value of labor market conditions and amenities. I show that though this is a common model, existing empirical estimates do not separately identify the underlying parameters. The identification problem can be thought of as an omitted variable bias because no explicit measure of expected future labor market conditions is included. I use state-level data to estimate empirical models in which the underlying parameters are identified. I find that high wages and low unemployment encourage in-migration, but that the omitted variable bias can be large. For example, when I control for future conditions in one model, the strength of the relationship between current wages and net migration is less than half as large. I integrate the migration model into a simple labor supply and demand framework and use my estimates of the migration model to simulate a labor market&amp;amp;amp;#x27;s response to permanent and transitory demand shocks. In the short run, net migration responds more to permanent shocks and current wages and employment rates respond more to transitory ones.
Clock Synchronization of Distributed, Real-Time, Industrial Data Acquisition Systems (2010)

In distributed data acquisition systems for industrial applications, the synchronization of the time references of the nodes is essential to guarantee the right real-time behaviour of the system. All the modern distributed automation plants require a clock synchronization mechanism. The use of distributed architectures in industrial applications based on networks has many benefits, including high system flexibility and scalability. However, this enhancement does not come for free; basically, a high-performance network communication among the nodes is needed and the data exchange across the network requires more complex management software than centralized systems (Felser, 2005). Moreover, a key point in all distributed data acquisition systems is the synchronization of the time reference among the nodes (Eidson & Lee, 2003). A typical automation plant is composed by several distributed nodes, controllers, sensors and actuators that need to sample and control the system in a time coordinated fashion. Considering the real-time applications for data-acquisition, the clock synchronization of the time reference across the network is essential in order to support: • Data fusion of the measures obtained using distributed data acquisition system and sensors (Proft, 2007). • Distribute signal processing which takes the “time” into account. • Coordination of the actions across a distributed set of actuators if a control action has to be taken. • Optimization of the transmission bandwidth in the network, thanks to channel medium access control such as TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), for both wired and wireless systems (Ueda & Yakoh, 2004). The scientific community has proposed several types of synchronization algorithms: some of them are dedicated to wired networks, with different kind of complexity and accuracy; others are specifically dedicated to satisfy the requirements of wireless networks. The aim of this chapter is the definition of basic concepts in the field of clock synchronization in order to better understand the typical applications of clock synchronization techniques to industrial data acquisition systems. This chapter is organized as follows. A brief introduction to essential notions regarding the time keeping and clock performance metrics is provided in Section 2 and 3. Clock synchronization for distributed data acquisition systems are discussed in Section 4. Real
Use of a large bore syringe creates significantly fewer high intensity transient signals (HITS) into a cardiopulmonary bypass system than a small bore syringe (2006)

Significantly fewer HITS are introduced into the CPB system by using standard syringes and slower injection time.
FMR in strongly coupled Co/Ru/Co structures (1993)

Interlayer exchange interactions in Co/Ru/Co trilayer structures are investigated by ferromagnetic resonance and inplane magnetization measurements. Oscillations in the exchange coupling between the two Co layers are observed with the variation of the Ru thickness. The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra in the strongly anti-parallel coupled films were significantly modified from that of a single-layer system, and the results are in excellent agreement with previous predictions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Sultam Derivatives with Expected Biological Activity. 15 (2000)

4-(Trihydro-2H-1,2-thiazole-1,1-dioxide-2-yl)benzophenone (1), 4-(3,5-dimethyl-1`,2`-thiazine-1`,1`-dioxide-2-yl)benzophenone (2), and 4-(tetrahydro-2H-1,2-thiazine-1,1-dioxide-2-yl)benzophenone (6) were obtained from 4-aminobenzophenone and the appropriate reagents. Isomeric (E-) and (Z-) 2-Ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenyl-4-(4-tetrahydro-1,2-thiazine-1,1-dioxide-2-yl)phenyl-3-butenoic acids (11 and 12) and 2-carboxy-4(N-phenylthiocarbamoyl)-1-phenyl-6-(tetrahydro-2H-1,2-thiazine-1,1-dioxide-2-yl)naphthalene (16) were also synthesized.
Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF). Mission 1 Experiments (1984)

Spaceborne experiments using the space shuttle payload known as the Long Duration Exposure Facility are described. Experiments in the fields of materials, coatings, thermal systems, power and propulsion, electronic, and optics are discussed.
One-step dehydration and isomerisation of n-butanol to iso-butene over zeolite catalysts (2010)

The efficient one-step conversion of n-butanol to iso-butene over zeolite catalysts by combined dehydration and isomerisation has been demonstrated. The medium pore-size unidirectional channel zeolites Theta-1 and ZSM-23 show high conversion and stable selectivity to iso-butene.
Sepsis screen in neonates with evaluation of plasma fibronectin (1987)

Two hundred twenty neonates with suspected early onset sepsis were prospectively studied to evaluate the ability of a sepsis screen to discriminate infected from noninfected newborn infants. A positive sepsis screen consisted of positive findings in two or more of the following tests: total white blood cell count; immature/total neutrophil ratio; C-reactive protein; micro-erythrocyte sedimentation rate; or plasma fibronectin. For proved sepsis a four-part screen excluding fibronectin yielded a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 83%, positive predictive value of 27% and negative predictive value of 100%. In contrast the sensitivity of white blood cell count and immature/total neutrophil ratio was only 46%. Adding fibronectin to the four-part screen provided equal sensitivity and negative predictive value but decreased specificity and positive predictive value. While plasma fibronectin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neonatal sepsis, it is not useful as a marker for infection. The screens did not identify preterm infants with late onset nosocomial sepsis. Although clinical judgment should be the primary factor in the decision to institute antibiotic therapy, a simple four-part sepsis screen provides valuable presumptive information for excluding the diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis.
Adaptive Haptic Feedback Steering Wheel for Driving Simulators (2008)

Controlling a virtual vehicle is a sensory-motor activity with a specific rendering methodology that depends on the hardware technology and the software in use. We propose a method that computes haptic feedback for the steering wheel. It is best suited for low-cost, fixed-base driving simulators but can be ported to any driving simulator platform. The goal of our method is twofold. 1) It provides an efficient yet simple algorithm to model the steering mechanism using a quadri-polar representation. 2) This model is used to compute the haptic feedback on top of which a tunable haptic augmentation is adjusted to overcome the lack of presence and the unavoidable simulation loop latencies. This algorithm helps the driver to laterally control the virtual vehicle. We also discuss the experimental results that demonstrate the usefulness of our haptic feedback method.
Aharonov-Bohm effect in normal metal quantum coherence and transport (1986)

Abstract We review some of the recent surprising theoretical and experimental results obtained on the transport properties of small disordered metal samples. Even in the presence of disorder, the quantum mechanical interference of electron wavefunctions can still be observed. The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a particularly clear demonstration of this. In doubly connected structures (such as loops of wire) threaded by a magnetic flux, the electrical conductance oscillates because of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. In fact, because the electron trajectories are diffusive (i.e. random walks), even a lone wire (a singly connected structure) will exhibit a random pattern of conductance fluctuations as a function of the magnetic field because of the same interference effects. All that is required for the observation of these interferences is that the electrons retain ‘phase memory’ duing the period of transit through the sample. The length over which memory is maintained (the phase coherence length) can be much larger than the random walk step length (the mean free path). We focus mainly on effects observed in the limit where the phase coherence length of the electrons is comparable to or larger than the sample size. We explain how the interferences are averaged as the system size grows larger than the phase coherence length. We also remark on surprising aspects of the fluctuations such as those resulting from the non-local character of the wavefunction; some of the results are forbidden classically.
Thermodynamic analysis of mixed and dry reforming of methane for solar thermal applications (2011)

Thermodynamic analysis of the reforming of methane with carbon dioxide alone (dry reforming) and with carbon dioxide and steam together (mixed reforming) is performed as part of a project which investigates the suitability of these endothermic reactions for the storage of solar thermal energy. The Gibbs free energy minimization method was employed to identify thermodynamically optimal operating conditions for dry reforming as well as mixed reforming with a desired H2/CO molar ratio of 2. The non-stoichiometric equilibrium model was developed using FactSage software to conduct the thermodynamic calculations for carbon formation, H2/CO ratio, CH4 conversion and H2 yield as a function of reaction temperature, pressure and reactant molar ratios. Thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that in the mixed reforming process, optimal operating conditions in a carbon-free zone are under H2O/CH4 /CO2 =1.0/1.0/0.5, p = 1 to 10 bar and T = 800 to 850℃ for the production of syngas with a H2 /CO molar ratio of 2. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum H2 yield of 88.0% is achieved at 1 bar and 850℃ with a maximum CH4 conversion of 99.3%. In the dry reforming process, a carbon formation regime is always present at a CO2/CH4 molar ratio of 1 for T = 700 1000℃ and p = 1-30 bar, whereas a carbon-free regime can be obtained at a CO2/CH4 molar ratio greater than 1.5 and T≥800℃.
Transaction Management for Reliable Grid Applications (2009)

Transaction management in Grids is responsible for ensuring the reliable execution of inherently distributed Grid applications. Grid transaction management is different from existing distributed transaction models because Grid resources are highly autonomous, dynamic and heterogeneous. This paper proposes a Grid transaction service (GridTS) and coordination algorithms that manage short-lived and long-lived Grid transactions respectively, providing reliability support for Grid applications. Unlike existing long-lived transaction models that require application programmers to develop compensating transactions, the GridTS can automatically generate compensating transactions during the execution of long-lived Grid transactions. The feasibility of GridTS and the effectiveness of proposed coordination algorithms are demonstrated through simulation studies.
Human CD34<sup>+</sup>Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Express High Levels of FLIP and Are Resistant to Fas‐Mediated Apoptosis (2002)

We sought to determine whether lympho-hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSC) from human placental/umbilical cord blood (CB) or adult mobilized blood (PBSC) are sensitive to Fas-induced apoptosis. Human CD34+ cells from CB or PBSC were cultured in serum-free medium, with or without hematopoietic growth factors (FKT: FLT-3 ligand [FL], KIT ligand [KL], and thrombopoietin [TPO]), and with or without soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) or agonistic anti-Fas antibody. After 5-48 hours of culture, cells were assessed for viability and stained with Annexin V and 7-Aminoactinomycin D for apoptosis analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Cultured cells were also assessed by in vitro hematopoietic colony-forming cell (CFC) and in vivo nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mouse engraftment potential (SEP) assays. Levels of Fas, FLICE inhibitory protein (FLIP), and Caspase 8 mRNA in CD34+ cells were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Expression of FLIP was confirmed by Western blotting. No decrease in viability, CFC, or SEP was observed in CB or PBSC CD34+ cells cultured in the presence of sFasL or agonistic anti-Fas antibody. Human CB and mobilized PBSC CD34+ cells expressed high levels of FLIP, low ratios of Caspase 8:FLIP, and low levels of Fas. Thus, human CB and PBSC CD34+ HSC were resistant to Fas pathway agonists. High-level expression of FLIP likely provides one level of protection of CD34+ cells from Fas-mediated apoptosis.
Power-Scalable Wideband Linearization of Power Amplifiers (2016)

In this paper, a wideband RF power amplifier (PA) linearization technique based on the addition of a linearization amplifier (LA) is proposed. The technique is suitable for low-powered and low-cost small cell and fifth-generation (5G) large-scale multi-antenna PA designs since its power and cost overhead does not increase with the input signal bandwidth and because they are scalable with the power range and cost of the PA. In-depth analysis of the proposed technique is provided and its linearization improvement mechanisms are described. As a proof of concept, a prototype LA was designed and fabricated to linearize a broadband 6-W class-AB PA with a center frequency of 850 MHz. When stimulated by a wideband 40-MHz signal, the PA's adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) was improved by up to 13 dB after the addition of the LA. This enabled the PA to achieve an ACLR of about -45 dBc without the use of any other linearization techniques. Furthermore, significant ACLR improvements were observed for even signals with wider bandwidths up to 160 MHz.
IP integration methodology for SoC design (2005)

Integrating intellectual property (IP) components into system-on-chip (SoC) designs requires the use of a generic parameterizable hardware/software interface to increase reuse efficiently, quality and productivity of SoC design. In this paper, we propose a design approach for wrapping the cycle accurate bit accurate (CABA) interface of hardware IPs. This interface integrates many communication and synchronization mechanisms with respect to the virtual component interface (VCI) protocol from VSIA to fulfill IP designer and IP integrator requirements.
CINTIA: a neuro-fuzzy real time controller for low power embedded systems (2002)

This paper describes CINTIA, a neuro-fuzzy real-time controller based on pulse stream computation techniques and designed for applications in low power embedded systems. The proposed system mixes two different approaches, namely neuro-fuzzy controllers and finite state automata. The former are implemented by means of a custom neural chip (manufactured by ES2), while the latter are implemented as sequential code on a traditional microcontroller. The proposed system is used to demonstrate the advantages of mixing the two approaches and the feasibility of embedded neuro-fuzzy control systems. A low power single chip version is also under design.
A high-performance memory allocator for memory intensive applications (2000)

Dynamic memory management (DMM) has been a high cost component in many software systems. In particular, the use of object orientation often results in an intensive use of dynamic memory, making the dynamic memory performance problem worse. The paper presents a profile based strategy to improve the performance of DMM. The performance improvement comes from a segregated strategy without splitting and coalescing cost. This modification is made feasible by preallocating the free-list based on the profile data of heap memory usage. In this research, the empirical study shows that the maximum number of live objects of each size is independent of the input; this data provides a profile and estimate for the amount of memory the application will need to run and can be preallocated to give great improvement in performance. Compared to the average performance of well known algorithms, the profile based approach is about 3.9 times to 6.5 times faster.
Comparison of Two Rapid Whole-Blood Tests for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection in Chinese Patients (1998)

Consecutive Chinese patients undergoing endoscopy for dyspepsia were tested for Helicobacter pylori infection by two rapid whole-blood tests: FlexPack HP (Abbott Laboratories) and Helisal One-Step (Cortecs Diagnostics). Biopsy-based tests (rapid urease test and histology) and the [13C]urea breath test were used as the "gold standard." One hundred sixty-one consecutive patients were studied, and 88 (54.7%) were confirmed to have H. pylori infection. The sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values were 81.8%, 83.6% (P = 0.008), 85.7% (P = 0.04), and 79.2% for FlexPack HP and 84.1%, 63.0% (P = 0.008), 73.3% (P = 0.047), and 76.7% for Helisal One-Step, respectively.
A self-tuning EWMA controller utilizing artificial neural network function approximation techniques (1997)

Recent works have shown that an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) controller can be used on semiconductor processes to maintain process targets over extended periods for improved product quality and decreased machine downtime. Proper choice of controller parameters (EWMA weights) is critical to the performance of this system. This work examines how different process factors affect the optimal controller parameters. We show that a function mapping from the disturbance state (magnitude of linear drift and random noise) of a given process to the corresponding optimal EWMA weights can be generated, and an artificial neural network (ANN) trained to learn the mapping. A self-tuning EWMA controller is proposed which dynamically updates its controller parameters by estimating the disturbance state and using the ANN function mapping to provide updates to the controller parameters. The result is an adaptive controller which eliminates the need for an experienced engineer to tune the controller, thereby allowing it to be more easily applied to semiconductor processes.
TCR diversity and Treg cells, sometimes more is more (2011)

Treg cells are critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and suppression of naturally occurring self-reactive T cells; however, in order to induce suppression Treg cells must first be activated via their T-cell receptor by recognition of specific antigen-MHC complexes. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Föhse et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2011. 41: 3101-3113.] shed light on the important question of the role of TCR diversity on Treg-cell function by demonstrating that high TCR diversity is crucial for optimal Treg-cell expansion, peripheral reshaping of the Treg-cell TCR repertoire and in vivo suppressive capacity. In this Commentary, we discuss these findings and also propose a simple mathematical model to aid in the understanding of the relationship between Treg-cell TCR diversity and the level of suppression delivered by Treg cells in vivo.
Adjuvant Therapy of Colon Cancer: Current Status and Future Directions (2007)

Adjuvant treatment of colon cancer is a relatively new concept, having been first validated less than 20 years ago. Fluoropyrimidines including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), introduced in clinical trials in the 1950s, are an integral component of the treatment of colon cancer in the adjuvant setting. Whereas both irinotecan and oxaliplatin have demonstrated clinical activity in metastatic colorectal cancer, only oxaliplatin has demonstrated efficacy in the adjuvant setting when added to 5-FU-based therapy. Irinotecan, despite showing a survival advantage in the second-line metastatic cancer setting and a survival advantage when added to first-line metastatic cancer treatment, has failed to show a survival or disease-free survival benefit in the adjuvant setting. In contradistinction, the addition of oxaliplatin to 5-FU plus leucovorin has improved disease-free survival in 2 large randomized adjuvant trials. Oxaliplatin/5-FU/leucovorin should therefore be regarded as a reference standard for adjuvant therapy. This comprehensive review of adjuvant therapy for colon cancer will cover the role of fluoropyrimidines and oxaliplatin, the controversies of adjuvant therapy for patients with stage II cancer, and the ongoing clinical trials that will define the future role, or lack thereof, of newer agents in adjuvant therapy.
Security Policies and Security Models (1982)

We assune that the reader is familiar with the ubiquity of information in the modern world and is sympathetic with the need for restricting rights to read, add, modify, or delete information in specific contexts. This need is particularly acute for systems having computers as significant components.
The Antioxidant Activity of Regularly Consumed Fruit and Vegetables Reflects their Phenolic and Vitamin C Composition (2002)

Recent studies are emphasising the importance and putative modes of action of specific flavonoids as bioactive components of the diet in in vivo and in vitro models. Thus, it is important to have a clear idea of the major phenolic families of which fruit and vegetables are comprised and the levels contained therein. Regularly consumed fruit and vegetables of mixed varieties available on the UK market were analysed for the composition of the major individual phenolic components. The total phenolic content (applying the Folin assay) and the vitamin C levels were also determined. The antioxidant capacities of aqueous/methanolic extracts were comparatively assessed using the TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity), the FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma) and ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assays, which comprise contributions from polyphenols, simple phenols and the ascorbate component. The results were calculated in terms of 100 g fresh weight (FW) uncooked portion sizes. Fruit and vegetables rich in anthocyanins (e.g. strawberry, raspberry and red plum) demonstrated the highest antioxidant activities, followed by those rich in flavanones (e.g. orange and grapefruit) and flavonols (e.g. onion, leek, spinach and green cabbage), while the hydroxycinnamate-rich fruit (e.g. apple, tomato, pear and peach) consistently elicited the lower antioxidant activities. The TEAC, FRAP and ORAC values for each extract were relatively similar and well-correlated with the total phenolic and vitamin C contents. The antioxidant activities (TEAC) in terms of 100 g FW uncooked portion size were in the order: strawberry>> raspberry = red plum >> red cabbage >>>grapefruit = orange > spinach > broccoli > green grape approximately/= onion > green cabbage > pea > apple > cauliflower tomato approximately/= peach=leek > banana approximately/= lettuce.