gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative events cause degradation of apoB-100 but not of apo[a] and facilitate enzymatic cleavage of both proteins (2001)

Lipoprotein [a] (Lp[a]) contains equimolar amounts of apoB-100 and apolipoprotein [a] (apo[a]). Both proteins are amenable to degradation in vivo by mechanisms yet to be clearly defined. In this study, we examined the in vitro susceptibility of LDL and Lp[a], obtained from the same donor, to oxidation by either Cu(2)+ or the combined Crotalus adamanteus phospholipase A2 and soybean lipoxygenase system, monitoring the course of the reaction by the generation of conjugated dienes and fatty acids. In some experiments, treatment with leukocyte elastase (LE) or matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) was administered before and after the oxidative step. In the case of Lp[a] we found that with both oxidizing systems, conditions that caused the breakdown of apoB-100 did not degrade apo[a] although oxidation-mediated changes were detected in the latter by intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy. Similar results were obtained with a reassembled Lp[a] obtained by incubating free apo[a] with LDL. Both apo[a] and apoB-100 were cleaved by LE and MMP-12 but the enzymatic cleavage was more marked when the preoxidized proteins were used as a substrate. Taken together, our in vitro studies indicate that apo[a] but not apoB-100 resists oxidative fragmentation, whereas both proteins are cleaved by enzymes of the serine and metalloproteinase families. We speculate that the fragments of apo[a] observed in vivo may be preferentially generated by proteolytic rather than oxidative events, whereas apoB-100 can be degraded by both mechanisms.
Characterization of Er:ZBNA microspherical lasers (2005)

We report here on efforts to characterise erbium-doped, heavy-metal fluoride glass microspherical lasers as a function of pump laser parameters, such as wavelength and power, and the temperature of the microsphere. The microspheres are fabricated from a novel material, ZBNA, optimised for its ability to act as a host for erbium and to favour laser emissions in the near infra-red region at 1.56 microns from the dopant. We work with microspheres that have typical diameters of ~80 microns. By attaching the microsphere to the tip of a narrow optical fibre a suitable method for manipulating the microsphere within the set-up has been developed. Pump light at 980 nm is coupled into the microsphere through evanescent wave tunnelling and propagates within the sphere in whispering gallery modes. A half-taper fibre is used as the coupling element. Strong green fluorescence at 540 nm has been observed. This indicates that the pump light is efficiently coupled into the sphere and that the alignment of the system is reasonable. We present an introduction to the fabrication of microsphere lasers, half-taper fibres and the physics of whispering gallery modes. In addition, we discuss the suitability of erbium as a lasing material when used in conjunction with the 980 nm pump light. Finally, we discuss our first experimental observations.
Low-loss 0.13-&#x00B5;m CMOS 50 &#x2013; 70 GHz SPDT and SP4T switches (2009)

This paper presents 50-70 GHz single-pole double-throw (SPDT) and single-pole four-throw (SP4T) switches built using a low-cost 0.13-Mm CMOS process. The switches are based on tuned lambda/4 designs with output matching networks. High substrate resistance together with deep trenches and isolation moats are used for low insertion loss. The SPDT and SP4T switches result in a measured insertion loss of 2.0 and 2.3 dB at 60 GHz, with an isolation of Gt 32 dB and Gt 22 dB, respectively. The measured output port-to-port isolation is Gt 27 dB for both designs. The P1dB is 13-14 dBm with a measured IIP3 of Gt 23 dBm for both switches. Both designs have a return loss better than -10 dB at all ports from 50 to 70 GHz. The active chip area is 0.39times0.32 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (SPDT) and 0.59times0.45 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (SP4T). To our knowledge, this paper presents the lowest loss 60 GHz SPDT and SP4T switches and also the highest isolation SPDT switch in any CMOS technology to-date.
Latent semantic analysis (2002)

Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is a powerful tool for use in the support of learning in collaborative environments. We will provide participants with a basic understanding of LSA theory and methods and demonstrate applications of its use in support of collaboration and learning.
A Particle-Path based Method for Monte Carlo Density Estimation (2002)

Radiosity computation on scenes including objects with a complex geometry, or with a large number of faces and meshes with very different sizes, is very complex. We present a new method (based on the photon maps method 6 ) where density estimation on the tangent plane at each surface point is performed for irradiance computation by using photon paths instead of photon impacts. Other density estimation techniques require locally simple and flat surfaces in order to be able to compute approximations to irradiance. This requirement is not present in this method, because it does not use photon impacts. Thus we claim the algorithm is more independent of geometry. The algorithm requires fast ray-disc intersection tests, so we propose techniques for speeding up this part of the process. We compare this approach with the photon map technique, both qualitatively (in terms of its ability to handle complex geometry), and quantitatively (in terms of time and storage complexity). We obtained results which show that better images are obtained with some extra cost both in time and memory.
Structured scale dependence in the Lyapunov exponent of a Boolean chaotic map (2015)

We report on structures in a scale-dependent Lyapunov exponent of an experimental chaotic map that arise due to discontinuities in the map. The chaos is realized in an autonomous Boolean network, which is constructed using asynchronous logic gates to form a map operator that outputs an unclocked pulse-train of varying widths. The map operator executes pulse-width stretching and folding and the operator's output is fed back to its input to continuously iterate the map. Using a simple model, we show that the structured scale-dependence in the system's Lyapunov exponent is the result of the discrete logic elements in the map operator's stretching function.
Electrospinning of Technical Lignins for the Production of Fibrous Networks (2010)

Abstract Electrospinning is an effective strategy to produce micron and sub-micron diameter fibrous networks from a variety of polymeric systems. Using seven different technical lignins the effect of lignin structure on fiber formation by electrospinning was studied. Surprisingly, none of the technical lignins could be electrospun into continuous fibers, although beaded fiber formation was observed for the softwood Kraft lignin system at high concentration (>50 wt%). However, the addition of poly(ethylene oxide) dramatically affected the electrospinning behavior and fiber formation. For all of the technical lignins a clear transition from electrospray or beaded fibers to uniform fibers was observed upon addition of poly(ethylene oxide); the lignin concentration dependent on poly(ethylene oxide) content. In all of the systems a linear increase in fiber diameter with increasing lignin concentration was observed. At the same concentration, the various lignin solutions had varying viscosities and different electrospinning behavior, that is, fiber diameter and ability to form uniform fibers, suggesting lignin specific structures and intermolecular interactions are influencing solution properties and electrospinning behavior. In fact, specific viscosity versus concentration plots reveal scaling exponents’, η ∼ c7.4–7.8 consistent with a branched polymer participating in intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding or association complexes.
Complications Associated with the Use of Supraglottic Airway Devices in Perioperative Medicine (2015)

Supraglottic airway devices are routinely used for airway maintenance in elective surgical procedures where aspiration is not a significant risk and also as rescue devices in difficult airway management. Some devices now have features mitigating risk of aspiration, such as drain tubes or compartments to manage regurgitated content. Despite this, the use of these device may be associated with various complications including aspiration. This review highlights the types and incidence of these complications. They include regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents, compression of vascular structures, trauma, and nerve injury. The incidence of such complications is quite low, but as some carry with them a significant degree of morbidity the need to follow manufacturers' advice is underlined. The incidence of gastric content aspiration associated with the devices is estimated to be as low as 0.02% with perioperative regurgitation being significantly higher but underreported. Other serious, but extremely rare, complications include pharyngeal rupture, pneumomediastinum, mediastinitis, or arytenoid dislocation. Mild short-lasting adverse effects of the devices have significantly higher incidence than serious complications and involve postoperative sore throat, dysphagia, pain on swallowing, or hoarseness. Devices may have deleterious effect on cervical mucosa or vasculature depending on their cuff volume and pressure.
Elasticity, structure, and relaxation of extended proteins under force (2013)

Force spectroscopies have emerged as a powerful and unprecedented tool to study and manipulate biomolecules directly at a molecular level. Usually, protein and DNA behavior under force is described within the framework of the worm-like chain (WLC) model for polymer elasticity. Although it has been surprisingly successful for the interpretation of experimental data, especially at high forces, the WLC model lacks structural and dynamical molecular details associated with protein relaxation under force that are key to the understanding of how force affects protein flexibility and reactivity. We use molecular dynamics simulations of ubiquitin to provide a deeper understanding of protein relaxation under force. We find that the WLC model successfully describes the simulations of ubiquitin, especially at higher forces, and we show how protein flexibility and persistence length, probed in the force regime of the experiments, are related to how specific classes of backbone dihedral angles respond to applied force. Although the WLC model is an average, backbone model, we show how the protein side chains affect the persistence length. Finally, we find that the diffusion coefficient of the protein's end-to-end distance is on the order of 10(8) nm(2)/s, is position and side-chain dependent, but is independent of the length and independent of the applied force, in contrast with other descriptions.
Conjugation of the monoclonal antibody 17-1A with the nitroacridine compound C921 with the poly-L-lysine as an intermediate agent. (1997)

Monoclonal antibody 17-1A specific for human gastric carcinoma was coupled directly or indirectly, using poly-L-lysine as an intermediate, with nitroacridine compound C921. The aim of the study was to obtain selectively cytotoxic immunoconjugates for experimental therapy. Directly coupled conjugates retained antibody specificity towards cells of several human adenocarcinoma lines but were non cytotoxic in vitro, whereas conjugates obtained with the use of intermediate poly-L-lysine expressed only low, non-specific cytotoxicity, probably exerted by the poly-L-lysine content.
Improving the environmental impact of civil aircraft by fuel cell technology: concepts and technological progress (2010)

Nowadays, new technologies and breakthroughs in the fields of energy efficiency, alternative fuels and added-value electronics are leading to improved, more environmentally sustainable and green thinking applications. Due to the forecasted rapid increase of volume of air traffic, future aircraft generations have to face enhanced requirements concerning productivity, environmental compatibility and higher operational availability, thus effecting technical, operational and economical aspects of in-flight and on-ground power generation systems, even if air transport is responsible for only about 2% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The trend in new aircraft development is toward “more electric” architectures which is characterized by a higher proportion of electrical systems substituting hydraulically or pneumatically driven components, and, as a result, increasing the amount of electrical power. Fuel cell systems in this context represent a promising solution regarding the enhancement of the energy efficiency for both cruise and ground operations. For several years the Institute of Technical Thermodynamics of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) in Stuttgart and Hamburg has developed fuel cell systems for aircraft applications. The activities of DLR focus on: identification of fuel cell applications in aircraft in which the properties of fuel cell systems, namely high electric efficiency, low emissions and silent operation, are capitalized for the aircraft application; design and modeling of possible and advantageous system designs; theoretical and experimental investigations regarding specific aircraft relevant operating conditions; qualification of airworthy fuel cell systems; set up and full scale testing of fuel cell systems for application in research aircraft.
Diagnosis and management of eosinophilic asthma: a US perspective (2014)

Eosinophilic asthma is now recognized as an important subphenotype of asthma based on the pattern of inflammatory cellular infiltrate in the airway. Eosinophilic asthma can be associated with increased asthma severity, atopy, late-onset disease, and steroid refractoriness. Induced sputum cell count is the gold standard for identifying eosinophilic inflammation in asthma although several noninvasive biomarkers, including fractional exhaled nitric oxide and periostin, are emerging as potential surrogates. As novel therapies and biologic agents become increasingly available, there is an increased need for specific phenotype-directed treatment strategies. Greater recognition and understanding of the unique immunopathology of this asthma phenotype has important implications for management of the disease and the potential to improve patient outcomes. The present review provides a summary of the clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of eosinophilic asthma.
Cost Effective Forward Tracing Data Lineage (2007)

Data lineage plays a critical role in verifying data correctness in scientific databases and data warehousing.In this paper, we clearly define forward data lineage in bag semantics and show its properties.We propose a tracing method that piggybacks normal query evaluation.Our method effectively supports aggregation and variable granularity lineage.More importantly, it features cost effective tracing through sophisticated implementation.The implementation, based on roBDDs, exploits the clustering and overlapping characteristics of data lineage to significantly reduce the overhead.Prior lineage tracing techniques compute lineage backward.More specifically, given a query that produces a view, the lineage is computed by executing the reverse query.While such techniques are believed to be very efficient due to the lazy computation, they are indeed inferior to the proposed forward method in most aspects.
Handbook Of Chiral Chemicals (1999)

As pharmaceutical companies look to develop single enantiomers as drug candidates, chemists are increasingly faced with the problems associated with this subclass of organic synthesis. "The Handbook of Chiral Chemicals, Second Edition" highlights the problems associated with the production of chiral compounds on a commercial scale. The handbook fir
PNEUMATIC GRIPPERS FOR A VISE-LIKE GRIP OR A GENTLE SQUEEZE (1982)

Pneumatic grippers, unlike mechanically actuated grippers, can be adapted easily to odd shapes, provide adjustable holding force, and do not scratch or deform parts. On the other hand, they cannot provide precise positioning, and are limited to relatively light loads and to temperatures below about 100 degrees centigrade. The most common types of pneumatic grippers are fingers, hands, mandrel and pin grippers, and suction-cup holders. Grippers components are typically made of wear-resistant elastomers matched to the type of part being handled and to safety or environmental requirements.
Signatures of MicroRNAs and Selected MicroRNA Target Genes in Human Melanoma (2010)

Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNA) regulate the expression of target mRNAs by repressing their translation or orchestrating their sequence-specific degradation. In this study, we investigated miRNA and miRNA target gene expression patterns in melanoma to identify candidate biomarkers for early and progressive disease. Because data presently available on miRNA expression in melanoma are inconsistent thus far, we applied several different miRNA detection and profiling techniques on a panel of 10 cell lines and 20 patient samples representing nevi and primary or metastatic melanoma. Expression of selected miRNAs was inconsistent when comparing cell line-derived and patient-derived data. Moreover, as expected, some discrepancies were also detected when miRNA microarray data were correlated with qPCR-measured expression levels. Nevertheless, we identified miRNA-200c to be consistently downregulated in melanocytes, melanoma cell lines, and patient samples, whereas miRNA-205 and miRNA-23b were markedly reduced only in patient samples. In contrast, miR-146a and miR-155 were upregulated in all analyzed patients but none of the cell lines. Whole-genome microarrays were performed for analysis of selected melanoma cell lines to identify potential transcriptionally regulated miRNA target genes. Using Ingenuity pathway analysis, we identified a deregulated gene network centered around microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, a transcription factor known to play a key role in melanoma development. Our findings define miRNAs and miRNA target genes that offer candidate biomarkers in human melanoma.
ANALISIS KINERJA PROTOKOL ROUTING IoT PADA TOPOLOGI STATIS DENGAN NS2 (2016)

salah satu area penelitian didunia yang berkembang pesat saat ini adalah IoT, terlebih penelitian pada area berbasis pergerakan atau biasa disebut MANET (Mobile Adhoc Network), hal tersebut tidak terhindarkan lagi karena teknologi ini menjelma menjadi kebutuhan manusia moderen, oleh karena itu tren penelitian selalu mengarah dan mengasumsikan parameter penelitian dan simulasinya pada topologi adhoc. Indonesia dilain pihak belum membutuhkan teknologi semacam ini karena sebagian besar penggunaan perangkat IoT masih berbasis pada topologi infrastruktur tetap/pasti. Paper ini menggunakan Network Simulator 2 (NS2) sebagai perangkat lunak simulasi untuk membandingkan kinerja dari 3 protokol routing terpopuer MANET diantaranya AODV, DSDV dan DSR. Hasil analisa menunjukan AODV menjadi protokol pencarian jalur yang paling dapat diandalkan namun paling boros dalam penggunaan energi.
Pulse generation by harmonic modulation of an integratedDBRlaser-modulator (1994)

34, 17 and 14 ps pulses have been generated at repetition rates of 2.5, 5 and 10 GHz, respectively, from an integrated laser modulator at 1.5 µm. Pulse widths were significantly reduced by modulating at both the fundamental and the second harmonic frequencies.
Analysis of insulated gate transistor turn-off characteristics (1985)

A model based upon a MOSFET driving a wide-base p-n-p transistor is presented for analysis of the turn-off behavior of n-channel insulated gate transistors. This model is found to provide a very good quantitative explanation of the shape of the collector current waveform during turn-off. Verification was accomplished using insulated gate transistors (IGT's) fabricated with two voltage ratings and a variety of radiation doses. This analysis allows the separation of the channel (electron) and minority carrier (hole) current flow in the IGT for the first time.
Tissue engineering of articular cartilage with autologous cultured adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells using atelocollagen honeycomb‐shaped scaffold with a membrane sealing in rabbits (2006)

Adipose tissue derived stromal cells (ATSCs), which were isolated from adipose tissue of rabbit, have shown to possess multipotential, that is, they differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes in plate-culturing and into chondrocytes in an established aggregate culture using defined differentiation-inductive medium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of ATSCs in tissue engineering procedures for repair of articular cartilage-defects using the atelocollagen honeycomb-shaped scaffold with a membrane sealing (ACHMS-scaffold). We intended to repair full-thickness articular cartilage defects in rabbit knees using autologously cultured ATSCs embedded in the ACHMS-scaffold. ATSCs were incubated within the ACHMS-scaffold to allow a high density and three-dimensional culture with control medium. An articular cartilage defect was created on the patellar groove of the femur, and the defect was filled with the ATSCs-containing ACHMS-scaffold, ACHMS-scaffold alone, or empty (control). Twelve weeks after the operation, the histological analyses showed that only the defects treated with the ATSCs-containing ACHMS-scaffold were filled with reparative hyaline cartilage, highly expressed Type II collagen. These results indicate that transplantation of autologous ATSCs-containing ACHMS-scaffold is effective in repairing articular cartilage defects.
Stealth Cells: Prevention of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-Mediated T-Cell Activation by Cell Surface Modification (1999)

Transfusion or transplantation of T lymphocytes into an allogeneic recipient can evoke potent immune responses including, in immunocompromised patients, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). As our previous studies demonstrated attenuated immunorecognition of red blood cells covalently modified with methoxy(polyethylene glycol) (mPEG), we hypothesized that T-cell activation by foreign antigens might similarly be prevented by mPEG modification. Mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HLA class II disparate donors demonstrate that mPEG modification of PBMC effectively inhibits T-cell proliferation (measured by (3)H-thymidine incorporation) in a dose-dependent manner. Even slight derivatization (0.4 mmol/L mPEG per 4 x 10(6) cells) resulted in a >/=75% decrease, while higher concentrations caused >/=96% decrease in proliferation. Loss of PBMC proliferation was not due to either mPEG-induced cytotoxicity, as viability was normal, or cellular anergy, as phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated mPEG-PBMC demonstrated normal proliferative responses. Addition of exogenous interleukin (IL)-2 also had no proliferative effect, suggesting that the mPEG-modified T cells were not antigen primed. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrates that mPEG-modification dramatically decreases antibody recognition of multiple molecules involved in essential cell:cell interactions, including both T-cell molecules (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD28, CD11a, CD62L) and antigen-presenting cell (APC) molecules (CD80, CD58, CD62L) likely preventing the initial adhesion and costimulatory events necessary for immune recognition and response.