gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Extensive Resistance Gene Transfer among <i>Bacteroides</i> spp. and among <i>Bacteroides</i> and Other Genera in the Human Colon (2001)

Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by conjugation is thought to play an important role in the spread of resistance. Yet virtually no information is available about the extent to which such horizontal transfers occur in natural settings. In this paper, we show that conjugal gene transfer has made a major contribution to increased antibiotic resistance in Bacteroides species, a numerically predominant group of human colonic bacteria. Over the past 3 decades, carriage of the tetracycline resistance gene, tetQ, has increased from about 30% to more than 80% of strains. Alleles of tetQ in different Bacteroides species, with one exception, were 96 to 100% identical at the DNA sequence level, as expected if horizontal gene transfer was responsible for their spread. Southern blot analyses showed further that transfer of tetQ was mediated by a conjugative transposon (CTn) of the CTnDOT type. Carriage of two erythromycin resistance genes, ermF and ermG, rose from <2 to 23% and accounted for about 70% of the total erythromycin resistances observed. Carriage of tetQ and the erm genes was the same in isolates taken from healthy people with no recent history of antibiotic use as in isolates obtained from patients with Bacteroides infections. This finding indicates that resistance transfer is occurring in the community and not just in clinical environments. The high percentage of strains that are carrying these resistance genes in people who are not taking antibiotics is consistent with the hypothesis that once acquired, these resistance genes are stably maintained in the absence of antibiotic selection. Six recently isolated strains carried ermB genes. Two were identical to erm(B)-P from Clostridium perfringens, and the other four had only one to three mismatches. The nine strains with ermG genes had DNA sequences that were more than 99% identical to the ermG of Bacillus sphaericus. Evidently, there is a genetic conduit open between gram-positive bacteria, including bacteria that only pass through the human colon, and the gram-negative Bacteroides species. Our results support the hypothesis that extensive gene transfer occurs among bacteria in the human colon, both within the genus Bacteroides and among Bacteroides species and gram-positive bacteria.
A 1.8 V self-biased complementary folded cascode amplifier (2003)

This paper describes a 1.8 V self-biased complementary folded cascode(SB-CFC) amplifier. We propose a new self biasing scheme for the folded cascode amplifier which eliminates 6 external bias voltages and related biasing circuits. The required minimum power supply voltage is reduced to 1.8 V and the output voltage swings are increased. With our new self-biasing scheme the area and power overhead, susceptibility of the bias lines to noise and crosstalk, and design time are reduced.
High dynamic range imaging through multi-resolusion spline fusion (2007)

High dynamic range (HDR) imaging has become a topic of intense research interest in the fields of computer vision and computer graphics in recent years. Commonly a HDR radiance map of a large range scene is recovered from a set of photos taken with conventional imaging equipment at different exposures. Once a HDR map has been computed, one can apply a tone mapping technique to compress the HDR luminances into a displayable range. Contrastingly we can directly combine images into high quality image using fusion technique. This paper presents an extension to the pyramid approach to fusion with substantially large number of brightness levels. A mask, which controls how much each source image contributes to the synthesis image, is generated (at pixel level) automatically based on the brightness of the source images. A simple procedure drives the image fusion process is defined. The resulting algorithm produces good images and practically does not require manual parameter tuning.
Effects of dietary methionine and glycine on serum lipoprotein profiles and fecal sterol excretion in normal and hepatoma-bearing rats. (1990)

The effects of concurrent addition of methionine (Met) and glycine (Gly) to a 20% casein diet on serum lipoprotein profiles and fecal sterol excretion were studied in male Donryu rats with or without subcutaneous implantation of an ascites hepatoma line of AH109A cells. The hepatoma-bearing rats fed on the 20% casein diet had a notable elevation in the very-low-density lipoprotein + low-density lipoprotein (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol (Ch) level with a slight but significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-Ch level when compared to the hepatoma-free (normal) rats fed on the same diet. The dietary addition of 1.2% Met and 2.5% Gly in combination suppressed the hepatoma-induced elevation in the (VLDL + LDL)-Ch level with a prevention of the hepatoma-induced decrease in the HDL-Ch level. The addition of the two amino acids also lowered significantly the (VLDL + LDL)-Ch level without affecting the HDL-Ch level in tumor-free rats. Fecal excretion of both neutral and acidic sterols were reduced with growth of the hepatoma. The dietary addition of Met and Gly exerted no or little influence on neutral sterol excretion in both the tumor-free and -bearing states, but it enhanced acidic sterol excretion into feces in both states, especially in the hepatoma-bearing state at the last stage of feeding. These results suggest that the excretion and catabolism of Ch might be impaired in hepatoma-bearing rats with growth of the tumor, and that the supplemental Met and Gly in combination might enhance Ch catabolism by stimulating either synthesis or conjugation of bile acids, leading to a reduction of the (VLDL + LDL)-Ch level in the normal and hepatoma-bearing states.
Examination of wide‐angle, multi‐component, AVO attributes for prediction of shale in heavy oil sands: A case study from the Long Lake Project, Alberta, Canada (2004)

A fundamental geologic problem in the Steam‐Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) heavy oil developments in the McMurray formation of Northern Alberta is to determine the location of shales in the reservoirs that may interfere with the SAGD process. Petrophysical analysis shows that a key indicator of the presence of shale in the Long Lake Project is bulk density. In theory, density can be derived from seismic data using Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) analysis of conventional and/or multi‐component seismic data, but this is not widely accepted in practice. However, with billions of dollars slated for SAGD developments in the upcoming years, this technology warrants further investigation. In addition, many attributes can be investigated using modern tools like neural networks; so, the density extracted from seismic using AVO can be compared and combined with more conventional attributes in solving this problem. Results to date show a strong correlation of the density derived using AVO to that measured by the bulk density logs in the wells. The P‐impedance also shows an expected correlation to both the presence of shales and to the density attribute. Further work is being done to combine the various attributes derived to date in a neural network for the direct prediction of the Gamma Ray (GR) log.
A Ten-Step Process for Developing Teaching Units. (2015)

Curriculum design and implementation can be a daunting process. Questions quickly arise, such as who is qualified to design the curriculum and how do these people begin the design process. According to Graves (2008), in many contexts the design of the curriculum and the implementation of the curricular product are considered to be two mutually exclusive processes, where a long chain of specialists including policy makers, methodologists, and publishers produce the curriculum in a hierarchical process, at the end of which lies the teacher.
Complications of Apheresis (2012)

In general, therapeutic apheresis is a relatively safe procedure with the most commonly seen complications caused by citrate-induced hypocalcemia and urticarial reactions to the protein-containing replacement fluid. Depletion coagulopathy and immunoglobulin depletion must be anticipated when albumin is used as the replacement fluid and becomes more profound as the number of treatment increases. The most serious complications are seen when there is an anaphylactoid reaction to the multiple units of fresh frozen plasma required when used as the replacement fluid. The overall incidence of death is 0.05%, but many of these deaths were in patients with severe preexisting conditions in which the apheresis procedure, itself, may not have been the precipitating cause. As with all extracorporeal treatments requiring large bore vascular access, catheter-related trauma, clotting, infection, and bleeding may also occur.
Transdermal nicotine inhibits interleukin 2 synthesis by mononuclear cells derived from healthy volunteers (1998)

The beneficial effect of transdermal nicotine in ulcerative colitis may be mediated by a selective inhibition of the IL-2 production by mucosal mononuclear cells, which could result in diminished cell proliferation and consequently a reduction in the inflammatory process.
Nanomechanics of Nonideal Single‐ and Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2012)

The buckling characteristics of nonideal single‐ and double‐walled carbon nanotubes were studied in this work via molecular dynamics simulation method. An imperfectly straight nonideal single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with a bent along the tube axis was used to form an array which is subjected to compression. The change in orientation of bends will result in a variation of nonbonded interactions in an SWCNT array system. We find that these variations in the nonbonded interactions strongly affect the buckling resistance of the SWCNT array. Similarly, a nonideal double‐walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) is constructed by varying the interlayer distance by introducing a center offset on the inner core SWCNT. The inclusion of offset along the tube axis in such nonideal DWCNT can enhance or deteriorate the mechanical qualities of the DWCNT under compression. Our numerical studies on nonideal CNT systems suggest a possibility of designing high‐performing CNTs for applications involving fiber reinforcements.
ChemInform Abstract: 1H‐Pyrazole‐1‐carboxamidine Hydrochloride: An Attractive Reagent for Guanylation of Amines and Its Application to Peptide Synthesis. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mechanical Properties and Water-Vapor Permeability of Soy-Protein Films Affected by Calcium Salts and Glucono-δ-lactone (2001)

Edible films were prepared from solutions of soy protein with calcium salts and glucono-delta-lactone (GDL). Calcium salts cross-linking interactions with soy-protein isolate (SPI) could result in the formation of films with rigid three-dimensional structure. GDL contributed to the formation of a homogeneous film structure due to increased protein--solvent attraction. Tensile strength (TS) of calcium sulfate treated SPI film (8.6 MPa) was higher than the TS of calcium chloride treated SPI films (6.4 MPa) and the control SPI film (5.5 MPa). Puncture strength (PS) of calcium sulfate treated SPI film (9.8 MPa) was higher than the PS of calcium chloride treated SPI films (8.5 MPa) and the control SPI film (5.9 MPa). SPI film formulated with GDL had larger elongation at break (39.4%) than that of SPI control film (18.2%). Calcium salts and GDL-treated SPI films had lower water-vapor permeability than the SPI control film.
Hemodynamic effects of ventricular defibrillation (1970)

Hemodynamic responses to ventricular defibrillation were studied in anesthetized dogs. Observations were made on arterial, right atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures, on cardiac output (dye dilution), heart rate, and right atrial electrocardiogram. Ventricular fibrillation was induced electrically with a bipolar electrode catheter placed in the right ventricle. Fibrillation was maintained for 15 or 30 sec and terminated with a 400 w sec capacitor discharge across the thoracic cage. Responses lasted 1-10 min after conversion and included a cholinergic and an adrenergic component. The cholinergic component was characterized by sinus bradycardia, periods of sinus arrest, atrioventricular block, and ventricular premature beats. The adrenergic component included increases in arterial pressure, in cardiac output, and in left ventricular stroke work at a time when left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was normal; there was no change in total peripheral resistance. The pH of arterial blood decreased slightly and pCO(2) increased but pO(2) and the concentration of lactate were unchanged. Bilateral vagotomy and intravenous administration of atropine blocked the cholinergic component, unmasked a sinus tachycardia, and accentuated the adrenergic component of the response. The latter was blocked by intravenous administration of propranolol and phenoxybenzamine.THESE RESPONSES WERE RELATED PRIMARILY TO CONVERSION OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION RATHER THAN TO THE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE OF COUNTERSHOCK BECAUSE COUNTERSHOCK WITHOUT VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION CAUSED MORE TRANSIENT AND SMALLER RESPONSES THAN THOSE OBSERVED WITH DEFIBRILLATION: furthermore, the hemodynamic effects of defibrillation were augmented by prolongation of the duration of fibrillation. The results suggest that the cholinergic component of the response may be detrimental in that it favors spontaneous recurrence of fibrillation; on the other hand, the adrenergic component may be essential for conversion since only one of six dogs depleted of endogenous catecholamines with reserpine survived ventricular defibrillation.
Effect of extruder type on the properties and morphology of reactive blends based on polyamides (1994)

Abstract The morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide‐based blends prepared in single and corotating twin‐screw extruders were compared using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Reactive polyamide blends with SEBS‐ g ‐MA (a maleated styrenic triblock copolymer with ethylene–butvlene midblocks), EPR‐ g ‐MA (a maleated ethylene/propylene rubber), and ABS were selected for the purpose of this investigation. For blends of SEBS‐ g ‐MA with difunctional (nylon x,y) polyamides (e.g., nylon 6,6; nylon 12,12), the twin‐screw extruder was more effective in producing a finer dispersion of the rubber phase, which resulted in a significant lowering of the ductile–brittle transition temperature in case of the nylon 6,6 blend. On the other hand, blends of SEBS‐ g ‐MA with the mono‐functional nylon 6 material led to rubber particles that were too small for toughening for both extruder types employed in this work. For nylon 6/EPR‐ g ‐MA blends, the single‐screw extruder led to blends with excellent low‐temperature impact properties for both single‐step and masterbatch mixing techniques, whereas nylon 6/EPR‐ g ‐MA blends prepared in a single‐step operation in the twin‐screw extruder were brittle under ambient conditions. For difunctional polyamide blends with ABS (compatibilized with an imidized acrylic polymer), the morphology and mechanical properties were found to be independent of the extruder type employed for processing. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Monitoring of Real-Time Streptavidin−Biotin Binding Kinetics Using Droplet Microfluidics (2008)

Rapid kinetic measurements are important in understanding chemical interactions especially for biological molecules. Herein, we present a droplet-based microfluidic platform to study streptavidin-biotin binding kinetics with millisecond time resolution. With integration of a confocal fluorescence detection system, individual droplets can be monitored and characterized online to extract kinetic information. Using this approach, binding kinetics between streptavidin and biotin were observed via fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The binding rate constant of streptavidin and biotin was found to be in a range of 3.0 x 10 (6)-4.5 x 10 (7) M (-1) s (-1).
Study on Pre-Deceleration Running in Encounters with Emergency Vehicles Using Vehicle to Vehicle Communications (2019)

Abstract There is a problem of coordination in encounters with an emergency vehicle when an automated driving vehicle travels on public roads. Effectiveness of the pre-deceleration running based on the earlier recognition of emergency vehicle using vehicle to vehicle communication is studied from the viewpoint of safety and ride comfort. Experimental data of the driver’s maneuver and vehicle’s status are collected and analyzed using the driving simulator. Recognition by vehicle to vehicle communication (V2V for short) leads to pre-deceleration and improves deceleration and jerk as compared to siren sound and red light of emergency vehicles.
Ways and options for aircraft structural health management (2001)

The number of aircraft is increasing worldwide as well as their age. This has led to an increasing market of aging aircraft. The older an aircraft structure becomes, the more difficult it may be to predict under which conditions it will be flown and this especially when it is influenced by continuous upgrades in avionics, flight control systems or even engines, thus resulting in a possible change of flight envelopes. It is under these conditions that the aircraft structure needs increased care regarding monitoring and subsequent life management. This paper addresses the different means of how this can be done, starting with conventional inspection and gradually moving over to state-of-the-art loads and finally damage monitoring, where the latter is very much driven by ongoing smart materials and structures initiatives. Benefits either obtained or still to be expected from the different ways of monitoring are described.
On the image representation of the quasi-static fields of a line current source above the ground (1969)

It is shown that the influence of the homogeneous conducting half-space can be represented approximately in terms of an image source located at a complex depth.
Coulombic effects in radical-cation-based high-spin polymers (1996)

A comparison of the cyclic voltammetric behaviour of a high-spin polymer precursor having the local topology of a 3,4′-diaminobiphenyl with that of related oligomers shows that the hole–hole repulsion associated with the coextensive spin–spin distribution is < 0.2 V, a noticeable effect but not one large enough to explain the difficulty of doping these polymers.
Immunocytochemical characterisation of rabbit and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (1998)

By using indirect immunofluorescence we demonstrated the localisation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (laminin--LAM, collagen IV--COL IV, fibronectin--FN) and the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in rabbit and mouse primary embryonic fibroblasts (PEF). Proliferating mitotically arrested PEF (by mitomycin C) were compared in both species. The stability of protein expression was ascertained during the first five successive passages. In addition, STO cells (i.e. permanent line of irradiated mouse fibroblasts) were similarly analysed. Rabbit PEF showed very high extracellular staining for FN and a negligible cytoplasmic positivity for LAM and COL IV. A totally reversed staining pattern for ECM proteins was found in mouse PEF. A dense cytoplasmic granulation (concentrated around the nucleus) was revealed for LAM and COL IV and almost no reaction for FN. The staining patterns were very stable at the culture conditions we applied. They were maintained during the first five successive passages in proliferating as well as non-proliferating mouse and rabbit PEF and were independent of cell concentration (individually dispersed cells versus cells in a confluent layer). STO cells showed the same staining for ECM proteins as the mouse PEF, thus confirming their origin from the same animal species. Light granular staining for bFGF was found in the cytoplasm of proliferating and mitotically arrested rabbit and mouse PEF and STO cells. The differences in expression of ECM proteins between the rabbit and mouse PEF, as well as the synthesis of bFGF, should be taken into consideration when these cells are used in vitro as a feeder layer for various cells (e.g. embryonic stem cells).
Prophylactic Interruption of the Inferior Vena Cava (1979)

Two hundred patients were evaluated retrospectively to determine the clinical effects of prophylactic inferior vena cava (IVC) interruption in association with aortic reconstruction. No pulmonary embolism occurred in the group with IVC interruption, but embolisms did occur in seven of 68 patients who had aortic reconstruction performed without IVC interruption. In two patients, the pulmonary embolism was fatal. Postoperative incidence of deep vein thrombosis was fatal. Postoperative incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 9% in both groups. Clinical and hemodynamic effects of prophylactic IVC interruption were studied in 20 additional patients. Venous hemodynamics (maximum venous outflow, inferior vena cava pressure, and ambulatory venous pressure) showed no change following interruption in 19/20. Sixteen patients from the original group of patients with prophylactic interruption were studied hemodyamically. No pulmonary embolism was clinically evident. One new case of deep vein thrombosis was seen. Again, venous hemodynamics showed no change as a result of IVC interruption. Prophylactic IVC interruption is a safe means of decreasing the incidence of pulmonary embolism without increasing venous-related morbidity.
Utilization of L-cystine by the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase pathway. (1975)

Cystine is a good acceptor of the gamma-glutamyl group of gamma-glutamyl donors in the reaction catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The product of the enzymatic reaction and an authentic sample of gamma-glutamylcystine were shown to exhibit identical chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviors; acid hydrolysis gave equimolar amounts of cystine and glutamate. In studies with two gamma-glutamyl donors, apparent Km values in the neighborhood of 0.3 mM were found for L-cystine; these values are not far from the concentrations of L-cystine in mammalian blood plasma. At an amino-acid acceptor concentration of about 0.5 mM, L-cystine is somewhat more active than L-glutamine, and much more active than L-cystein. L-gamma-Glutamyl-L-cystine was found to be a good substrate of gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase. These observations thus indicate that L-cystine is a very active substrate of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase pathway. In relation to the hypothesis that the gamma-glutamyl cycle functions in animo-acid transport, it may be significant that glutathione (which is the most abundant intracellular form) is a much better gamma-glutamyl donor than glutathione disulfide, while the predominant extracellular form-cystine-is a much better gamma-glutamyl acceptor substrate than cystein.