gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A cytotoxic ribonuclease which specifically cleaves four isoaccepting arginine tRNAs at their anticodon loops (2000)

Colicin D has long been thought to stop protein synthesis in infected Escherichia coli cells by inactivating ribosomes, just like colicin E3. Here, we show that colicin D specifically cleaves tRNAs(Arg) including four isoaccepting molecules both in vivo and in vitro. The cleavage occurs in vitro between positions 38 and 39 in an anticodon loop with a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate end, and is inhibited by a specific immunity protein. Consistent with the cleavage of tRNAs(Arg), the RNA fraction of colicin-treated cells significantly reduced the amino acid-accepting activity only for arginine. Furthermore, we generated a single mutation of histidine in the C-terminal possible catalytic domain, which caused the loss of the killing activity in vivo together with the tRNA(Arg)-cleaving activity both in vivo and in vitro. These findings show that colicin D directly cleaves cytoplasmic tRNAs(Arg), which leads to impairment of protein synthesis and cell death. Recently, we found that colicin E5 stops protein synthesis by cleaving the anticodons of specific tRNAs for Tyr, His, Asn, and Asp. Despite these apparently similar actions on tRNAs and cells, colicins D and E5 not only exhibit no sequence homology but also have different molecular mechanisms as to both substrate recognition and catalytic reaction.
Feeling with light for cancer (2006)

Even minute alterations in a cell's intracellular scaffolds, i.e. the cytoskeleton, which organize a cell, result in significant changes in a cell's elastic strength since the cytoskeletal mechanics nonlinearly amplify these alterations. Light has been used to observe cells since Leeuwenhoek's times and novel techniques in optical microscopy are frequently developed in biological physics. In contrast, with the optical stretcher we use the forces caused by light described by Maxwell's surface tensor to feel cells. Thus, the stretcher exemplifies the other type of biophotonic devices that do not image but manipulate cells. The optical stretcher uses optical surface forces to stretch cells between two opposing laser beams, while optical gradient forces, which are used in optical tweezers, play a minor role and only contribute to a stable trapping configuration. The combination of the optical stretcher's sensitivity and high throughput capacity make a cell's "optical stretchiness" an extremely precise parameter to distinguish different cell types. This avoids the use of expensive, often unspecific molecular cell markers. This technique applies particularly well to cells with dissimilar degrees of differentiation, as a cell's maturation correlates with an increase in cytoskeletal strength. Because malignant cells gradually dedifferentiate during the progression of cancer, the optical stretcher should allow, the direct staging from early dysplasia to metastasis of a tumor sample obtained by MRI-guided fine needle aspirations or cytobrushes. With two prototypes of a microfluidic optical stretcher at our hands, we prepare preclinical trials to study its potential in resolving breast tumors' progression towards metastasis. Since the optical stretcher represents a basic technology for cell recognition and sorting, an abundance of further biomedical applications can be envisioned.
Comparison of Removal Efficiencies for Ammonia and Amine Gases between Woody Charcoal and Activated Carbon (2004)

The removal efficiency of NH3, (CH3)NH2, (CH3)2NH and (CH3)3N into woody charcoal carbonized at 500°C and activated carbon was determined by the attenuation of their concentrations in the 5 l bags at cool (5°C) and room temperature (20°C). A discussion follows on the deodorization performance against four gases with attention to the physical and chemical characteristics of adsorbent surfaces. It was found that the high acidity of woody charcoal surface was more suitable for the adsorption of NH3 and (CH3)NH2 gases than the activated carbon under both temperatures, and the activated carbon having larger micro, meso pore volumes following an increase in specific surface area showed higher capacity for (CH3)3N gas adsorption than the woody charcoal. Also the activated carbon is more suitable for (CH3)2NH gas adsorption than the woody charcoal at 5°C, but its removal efficiency using the activated carbon is lower than the woody charcoal at 20°C. Much acidic functional groups on the adsorbent has high adsorption potential just like chemical adsorption is necessary to enhancement of (CH3)2NH gas at 20°C.
LA ADQUISICION DE MATERIAL BELICO, RIESGO POLITICO PARA LOS PAISES DEL TERCER MUNDO (1981)

DURANTE LA CONFERENCIA SOBRE IMPLICACIONES POLITICAS Y ECONOMICAS DE TRASNFERENCIA DE TECNOLOGIA ORGANIZADA POR LA SEDE DEL PROYECTO LAZARO CARDENAS PEMEX-UNAM-CONACYT EN LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLITICAS Y SOCIALES, LOS ESPECIALISTAS EXTRANJEROS INVITADOS COINCIDIERON EN SENALAR QUE PARA REAFIRMAR LA INDEPENDENCIA DE PAISES COMO MEXICO EN UN MUNDO CONFLICTIVO E IRRACIONAL, NO ES NECESARIO INSTRUMENTAR UNA POLITICA ESTRICTAMENTE MILITAR, SINO QUE ELLA DEBE INSCRIBIRSE EN UN CONTEXTO DE ESTRATEGIA POLITICA Y ECONOMICA. TAMBIEN COINCIDERON EN QUE LA VENTA DE ARMAS, ADEMAS DE INTENSIFICAR LA CARRERA ARMAMENTISTA DE ESTADOS UNIDOS, INTENTA ENFRETAR A LA ORGANIZACION DE PAISES EXPORTADORES DE PETROLEO (OPEP), CON LOS PAISES QUE NO PERTENECEN A ESA AGRUPACION. ALGUNOS DE LOS ESPECIALISTAS QUE INTERVINIERON DURANTE LA MESA REDONDA FUERON LOS PROFESORES ALAIN JOXE, DE LA ESCUELA DE ALTOS ESTUDIOS DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES DE PARIS; PETER LOCK, DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE HAMBURGO; MICHAEL KLARE, DIRECTOR DEL PROYECTO SOBRE MILITARISMO Y DESARME, DEL INSTITUTE FOR POLICY STUDIES EN WASHINGTON; GUNTHER BRAUCH, DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE TUBINGEN, DE LA REPUBLICA FEDERAL ALEMANA, QUIENES NO CEJARON EN ADVERTIR EL RIESGO POLITICO QUE CORREN LOS PAISES DEL TERCER MUNDO AL ADQUIRIR EQUIPO MILITAR ESTADOUNIDENSE.
A New Mouse Model for the Study of Human Breast Cancer Metastasis (2012)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and this prevalence has a major impact on health worldwide. Localized breast cancer has an excellent prognosis, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 85%. However, the survival rate drops to only 23% for women with distant metastases. To date, the study of breast cancer metastasis has been hampered by a lack of reliable metastatic models. Here we describe a novel in vivo model using human breast cancer xenografts in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice; in this model human breast cancer cells reliably metastasize to distant organs from primary tumors grown within the mammary fat pad. This model enables the study of the entire metastatic process from the proper anatomical site, providing an important new approach to examine the mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis. We used this model to identify gene expression changes that occur at metastatic sites relative to the primary mammary fat pad tumor. By comparing multiple metastatic sites and independent cell lines, we have identified several gene expression changes that may be important for tumor growth at distant sites.
Interpretation of three-component borehole magnetometer data (1981)

Abstract We have made a theoretical study of the problem of locating and defining a magnetized prism in the vicinity of a drillhole. The study shows that a three-component borehole magnetometer can be very useful in exploration for deep magnetic targets, which are difficult to intersect by drilling.There are nine parameters to be estimated from the data: the x, y, and z positions of the center of the prism; length, width and depth extent; and the three parameters defining the magnetization vector. The parameters are estimated by minimizing the sum of squared differences between the predicted and observed data. Since the problem is non-linear, it must be solved iteratively. At each iteration a singular value analysis of the sensitivity matrix is performed, and a particular solution is chosen from a set of minimal length solutions; each solution corresponds to a different rank of the sensitivity matrix.The main difficulty is an ambiguity involving the position parameters and the parameters defining the magnetization vector. In order to minimize this obstacle, a parameter scaling matrix is introduced. The effects of noise, wrong model, probe orientation errors, borehole length, and data density are analyzed. We have found that the position and depth extent of the body can be estimated with reasonable accuracy.
Human-Centered Webcasting of Interactive-Whiteboard Lectures (2006)

In our system for recording and transmitting lectures over the Internet, the board content is transmitted as vector graphics, producing thus a high quality image, while the video of the lecturer is sent as a separate stream. It is easy for the viewer to read the board but the lecturer appears in a separate window. As a result, two areas of the screen are competing for the viewer's attention, causing the widely known split attention effect. To eliminate this problem, the lecturer is extracted from the video stream and his or her image is pasted onto the board image at video stream rates. The lecturer can be dimmed from opaque to semitransparent, or even transparent. The article presents a detailed analysis of the underlying psychological problems and explains the multimedia techniques that are applied to achieve the solution
ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURES AT A MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL (2003)

A study is conducted to determine the thermal regime within and around a municipal solid waste landfill located in midwestern U.S.A. Spatial distributions of temperatures have been determined over time since 1999 within the waste mass, liner and cover systems, and surrounding subgrade. Seasonal variations, placement of waste, age of waste, depth and location of waste, and available moisture have significant effects on temperatures. Temperatures of wastes at shallow depths, bottom liner systems prior to waste placement, and final cover systems conform to seasonal temperature variations. Steady elevated temperatures are reached with respect to air and ground temperatures at central locations and at depth in the waste mass. Increasing trends are observed for temperatures in wastes and bottom liner systems in cells containing newly placed wastes. It is estimated that waste temperatures increased due to effects of leachate recirculation at portions of the facility. Subgrade temperatures at the perimeter of the landfill have not yet been significantly affected by the presence of the facility.
O lado obscuro do salvamento no mar (2012)

Resumo: Durante a maior parte do seculo XX, a Associacao de Salvamento no Mar (SLSA, na sigla em ingles) mandou no santuario recreativo mais sagrado da Australia: a praia. No final dos anos 1990, Ed Jaggard surgiu como o principal historiador dessa instituicao. Este artigo examina duas das alegacoes principais de Jaggard: que as mulheres desempenharam um papel muito mais ativo no movimento do salvamento no mar do que os criticos admitem; e que a associacao de salvamento no mar permitia altos niveis de hedonismo entre seus membros. Palavras-Chave: Australia, praia, salvamento no mar ANALYZING DISPUTES IN SPORT HISTORY: THE SURF LIFESAVING DEBATE Abstract: For most of the twentieth century, the Surf Life Saving Association (SLSA) lorded over the most sacred recreational shrine in Australia - the beach. In the late 1990s, Ed Jaggard emerged as the foremost historian of this institution. This article examines two of JaggardÂ´s principal claims: that women played a far more active role in the surf lifesaving movement than critics admit, and that the surf lifesaving association sanctioned high levels of hedonism among its members. Keywords: Australia, beach, surf lifesaving
Reduced expression of the TrkB receptor in Huntington's disease mouse models and in human brain (2006)

Deficits of neurotrophic support caused by reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been implicated in the selective vulnerability of striatal neurones in Huntington's disease (HD). Therapeutic strategies based on BDNF administration have been proposed to slow or prevent the disease progression. However, the effectiveness of BDNF may depend on the proper expression of its receptor TrkB. In this study, we analysed the expression of TrkB in several HD models and in postmortem HD brains. We found a specific reduction of TrkB receptors in transgenic exon-1 and full-length knock-in HD mouse models and also in the motor cortex and caudate nucleus of HD brains. Our findings also demonstrated that continuous expression of mutant huntingtin is required to down-regulate TrkB levels. This was shown by findings in an inducible HD mouse model showing rescue of TrkB by turning off mutant huntingtin expression. Interestingly, the length of the polyglutamine tract in huntingtin appears to modulate the reduction of TrkB. Finally, to analyse the effect of BDNF in TrkB we compared TrkB expression in mutant huntingtin R6/1 and double mutant (R6/1 : BDNF+/-) mice. Similar TrkB expression was found in both transgenic mice suggesting that reduced TrkB is not a direct consequence of decreased BDNF. Therefore, taken together our findings identify TrkB as an additional component that potentially might contribute to the altered neurotrophic support in HD.
A Characterization of Compound Documents on the Web (1999)

Recent developments in office productivity suites make it easier for users to publish rich compound documents on the Web. Compound documents appear as a single unit of information but may contain data generated by different applications, such as text, images, and spreadsheets. Given the popularity enjoyed by these office suites and the pervasiveness of the Web as a publication medium, we expect that in the near future these compound documents will become an increasing proportion of the Web&apos;s content. As a result, the content handled by servers, proxies, and browsers may change considerably from what is currently observed. Furthermore, these compound documents are currently treated as opaque byte streams, but future Web infrastructure may wish to understand their internal structure to provide higher-quality service.
SOIL MECHANICS AND THE RAILWAY ENGINEER. RAILWAY ENGINEERING DIVISION. (1944)

Keywords SOIL MECHANICS, RAILWAYS, ENGINEERS, CLASSIFICATION, SOILS, SAMPLING, TESTING, STABILITY, SLOPES, DESIGN, CUTTINGS, EMBANKMENTS, TOES, WALLS, STONE, PITCHING, SLIPS, REMEDIAL, MEASURES, PERMANENT WAY, RETAINING, FOUNDATIONS, STRUCTURES, SAND, GRAVEL, FILLING, CLAYS, MUD, SILT, PEAT, SHEAR, TESTS, COMPRESSION, CRACKS, SLIP, DRAINAGE, FORMATION, SHEETPILING... Show All
Biomechanical Evaluation of Osseous Implants Having Different Surface Topographies in Rats (2000)

Biomechanical and biological factors can co-dependently influence the establishment of implant-tissue integration; thus, concurrent evaluation of these factors should provide a better understanding of osseointegration. This study aimed to establish and validate an in vivo rat model frequently used in molecular/cellular biology for implant biomechanical studies. We tested the hypotheses that the implant push-in test assesses the degree of osseointegration by the breakpoint load at the implant-tissue interface and that it sensitively differentiates between the effects of different implant surface topographies. The implant push-in test, which produces a consistent load-displacement measurement, was used to test miniature cylindrical titanium implants placed at the distal edge of the adult rat femur. The push-in test values obtained at each post-implantation healing point (weeks 0, 2, 4, and 8) significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. The implant surface after the push-in test was associated with remnant tissues containing host-derived elements, such as calcium, phosphate, and sulfate. In this model, acid-etched implants (average roughness, 0.159 microm) showed significantly greater push-in test values than did turned implants (average roughness, 0.063 microm) throughout the experimental period (p < 0.0001). These results support the validity of the push-in test in rats, which may be used as a rapid and sensitive biomechanical assay system for implant osseointegration research.
Kinetics of Penetration into Uniform Porous Media:  Testing the Equivalent-Capillary Concept (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTKinetics of Penetration into Uniform Porous Media: Testing the Equivalent-Capillary ConceptAbraham MarmurView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering, TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel Cite this: Langmuir 2003, 19, 14, 5956–5959Publication Date (Web):June 4, 2003Publication History Received21 March 2003Revised4 May 2003Published online4 June 2003Published inissue 1 July 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la034490vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/la034490vbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1143Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Contact angle,Energy,Kinetics,Liquids,Porosity Get e-Alerts
Association between diabetes type 1 and DQB1 alleles in a case-control study conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay. (2003)

We studied HLA DQB1 allele frequencies and the relative risk (RR) of various genotypes in 72 type 1 diabetic patients and 40 control individuals in Uruguay. This is a tri-racial (Caucasian, Black and Indo-American) mixed population. The products of the polymerase chain reaction amplifications were hybridized with oligonucleotides by allele-specific oligonucleotide reverse or dot blot methods. Significant differences between these two groups were observed only for allele DQB1*0302 (35%, RR = 7.34, P<0.001). The frequency of the alleles carrying a non-aspartic acid residue at position 57 was significantly higher in the diabetic patients (85 vs 53%, P<0.001). In contrast, the frequency of Asp alleles was negatively associated with type 1 diabetes (RR = 0.20, P<0.001). The genotype DQB1*0302/DQB1*0201 (33%, RR = 5.41, P<0.05) was positively associated with this disease. The genotype frequencies associated with type 1 diabetes in our population were significantly different from what is known for Caucasian and Black populations as well as compared with another admixed population, from Chile.
Cooperative algorithms for solving random-dot stereograms (1986)

This report examines a number of parallel . algorithms for solving random-dot stereograms. A new class of algorithms based on the Boltzmann Machine is introduced and compared to previously developed algorithms. The report includes a review of the stereo correspondence problem and of cooperative techniques for solving this problem. The use of energy functions for characterizing the computational problem, and the use of stochastic optimization techniques for solving the problem are explained.
1,2,3,9‐Tetrahydro‐4<i>H</i>‐carbazol‐4‐one and 8,9‐dihydropyrido‐[1,2‐<i>a</i>]indol‐6(7<i>H</i>)‐one from 1<i>H</i>‐indole‐2‐butanoic acid (2009)

Abstract magnified image Efficient syntheses of the title ring systems have been developed from 1 H ‐indole‐2‐butanoic acid, which was easily prepared from 2‐fluoro‐1‐nitrobenzene in four steps. Heating 1 H ‐indole‐2‐butanoic acid in toluene containing p ‐toluenesulfonic acid at 110°C furnished 1,2,3,9‐tetrahydro‐4 H ‐carbazol‐4‐one in 88% yield. Heating this same acid in toluene with no added acid gave 8,9‐dihydropyrido[1,2‐ a ]indol‐6(7 H )‐one in 90% yield. The tetrahydro‐4 H ‐carbazol‐4‐one was also prepared directly in 92% yield from methyl 6‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐oxohexanoate by a tandem reduction—cycloaromatization—acylation reaction with iron in concentrated hydrochloric acid at 110°C. Application of this approach to the closure of five‐ and seven‐membered rings was also successful. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Design, fabrication, and testing of micromachined silicone rubber membrane valves (1999)

Technologies for fabricating silicone rubber membranes and integrating them with other processes on silicon wafers have been developed. Silicone rubber has been found to have exceptional mechanical properties including low modulus, high elongation, and good sealing. Thermopneumatically actuated, normally open, silicone rubber membrane valves with optimized components have been designed, fabricated, and tested. Suspended silicon nitride membrane heaters have been developed for low-power thermopneumatic actuation. Composite silicone rubber on Parylene valve membranes have been shown to have low permeability and modulus. Also, novel valve seats were designed to improve sealing in the presence of particles. The valves have been extensively characterized with respect to power consumption versus flow rate and transient response. Low power consumption, high flow rate, and high pressure have been demonstrated. For example, less than 40 mW is required to switch a 1-slpm nitrogen flow at 33 psi. Water requires dose to 100 mW due to the cooling effect of the liquid.
Material selection and joining methods for the purpose of a high-altitude inflatable kite. (2009)

This paper discusses the requirements for fabrics and joints for use in a long-endurance, high-altitude inflatable kite. Calculations of the expected stresses as well as the consequences of scaling with respect to these stresses are discussed. An overview is given of currently available kite fabrics and their joining methods. Suitable fabrics and joining methods from the sailing and aerospace industry are evaluated. The results of several tests on both fabrics and joints are presented.
The Absolute Stereostructure of Arenastatin A, a Potent Cytotoxic Depsipeptide from the Okinawan Marine Sponge Dysidea arenaria. (1994)

The absolute stereostructure of arenastatin A (1), which was isolated from the Okinawan marine sponge Dysidea arenaria, has been determined on the bases of NMR and synthetic studies. Arenastatin A (1) is a cyclic depsipeptide exhibiting extremely potent cytotoxicity against KB cells with IC50 5pg/ml.