gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hemispherical microfluidic channel for the trapping and passive dissipation of microbubbles (2010)

In this paper, we present that trapping and dissipating of bubbles in a microfluidic cell culture system can be simultaneously achieved by utilizing curved geometry principles. For this end, a simple and cost-effective method to fabricate a curved hemispherical microfluidic channel is presented. On the basis of an analytical model, the mechanism that the hemispherical well can trap various sizes of bubbles better than the cylindrical well is described, and we present a quantitative comparison of the trapping capabilities of the hemispherical versus conventional cylindrical wells through experiments. The surface tension is another important factor to trap bubbles, which was also verified through the analysis and experiments. In the hemispherical wells, the trapped bubbles were spontaneously dissipated under the flowing condition without using any active source, and we characterized the degassing process by measuring the area of bubbles occupied in the well over time. For an application to a biomedical system, a cell culture chamber was combined with the bubble trapping system, and the performance of the system was verified by culturing HeLa cells with the flowing bubbled culture media. Conclusively, the suggested method demonstrated excellent performance in trapping of microbubbles and dissipation without using any peripheral device, and will be broadly applied in biomedical microfluidic research.
Some Geometric Aspects of Towed Air Gun Arrays (1982)

Abstract Air gun array technology has developed in the 1970's along the general line of producing tuned arrays with source strengths in excess of 100 bar-meters (peak-to-peak) in the seismic bandwidth and with wavelets of front-to-back ratios in excess of 15:1. Most such arrays are towed in a so-called "point-source configuration", for which a significant amount of energy is beamed in such undesirable directions as forward and to each side of the towing vessel. This paper examines several available air gun array geometries; the SLAG array, in which the air gun source array is extended along the axis of a survey line, the SWAG array, in which the air gun source array is extended along an axis perpendicular to the survey line, and the point source array .It is shown how noise problems characteristic of certain offshore areas may be reduced by beaming the array in preferred directions. It is shown that this beaming may improve the achievable signal-to-noise ratio --- both by increasing power input to the water in desirable directions, and by reducing noise arriving from unwanted directions. Air Gun Array Design Criteria (1970's) The conventional design criteria for tuned air gun arrays are:Maximize the peak-to-peak amplitude of the array signature as one would observe at normal incidence in the far-field.Maximize the ratio of the peak amplitude to the residual bubble amplitude (P/B ratio), as observed at normal incidence in the far-field.Assume that, in the seismic bandwidth, typically 10 Hz to 125 Hz, the power spectral density of the array signature is smooth, i.e., the array signature should resemble a band-limited spike.Adjust the depths of source and streamer and the recording system impulse response to place spectral notches at uninteresting frequencies, hence optimizing the frequency band desirable for the geophysical objective. Giles and Johnston (1973) and Nooteboom (1978) discuss these criteria and one example of a modern, high resolution, deep penetration array, reported by Brandsaeter, et. al (1979), has a total volume of 4165 cu. in. with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 49.5 bar-meters and a primary-to-bubble ratio of 16.7. This total array was deployed astern in a surface area 16 m × 20 m, and, while it is evident that some spatial beam forming is taking place, this array is commonly thought of as being in a "point source configuration." Non-Source Generated Noise Implicit in the design criteria mentioned above is the notion that the signal must be large compared to any additive random and incoherent noise which is not source-generated. By simply increasing the source power, such noises as electrical noise, certain types of towing noises, cultural noises and ambient sea noise may be overcome. In addition, this helps overcome the effects of absorption and other frequency-dependent loss mechanisms. Source-Generated Noise The effects, on the stacked section, CDP and shot gathers of such noises as guided waves in near-surface layers, side scatter from reefs, islands, river channels, and reflected refractions are discussed by Larner, et al,198l.
Solvent-Mediated Crystallization of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>SnI<sub>3</sub>Films for Heterojunction Depleted Perovskite Solar Cells (2015)

Organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells have gained enormous significance and have now achieved power conversion efficiencies of ∼20%. However, the potential toxicity of lead in these systems raises environmental concerns for widespread deployment. Here we investigate solvent effects on the crystallization of the lead-free methylammonium tin triiodide (CH3NH3SnI3) perovskite films in a solution growth process. Highly uniform, pinhole-free perovskite films are obtained from a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution via a transitional SnI2·3DMSO intermediate phase. This high-quality perovskite film enables the realization of heterojunction depleted solar cells based on mesoporous TiO2 layer but in the absence of any hole-transporting material with an unprecedented photocurrent up to 21 mA cm(-2). Charge extraction and transient photovoltage decay measurements reveal high carrier densities in the CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite device which are one order of magnitude larger than CH3NH3PbI3-based devices but with comparable recombination lifetimes in both devices. The relatively high background dark carrier density of the Sn-based perovskite is responsible for the lower photovoltaic efficiency in comparison to the Pb-based analogues. These results provide important progress toward achieving improved perovskite morphology control in realizing solution-processed highly efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells.
First polar body morphology and blastocyst formation rate in ICSI patients (2002)

In conclusion, the current study provides further evidence that preselection at a very early stage may be helpful in identifying a subgroup of preimplantation embryos with a good prognosis to form blastocysts and, consequently, to implant.
A unified relevance model for opinion retrieval (2009)

Representing the information need is the greatest challenge for opinion retrieval. Typical queries for opinion retrieval are composed of either just content words, or content words with a small number of cue "opinion" words. Both are inadequate for retrieving opinionated documents. In this paper, we develop a general formal framework--the opinion relevance model--to represent an information need for opinion retrieval. We explore a series of methods to automatically identify the most appropriate opinion words for query expansion, including using query independent sentiment resources. We also propose a relevance feedback-based approach to extract opinion words. Both query-independent and query-dependent methods can also be integrated into a more effective mixture relevance model. Finally, opinion retrieval experiments are presented for the Blog06 and COAE08 text collections. The results show that, significant improvements can always be obtained by this opinion relevance model whether sentiment resources are available or not.
Intercomparison of permittivity measurements using the transmission/reflection method in 7-mm coaxial transmission lines (1994)

Broadband permittivity measurements made by eleven organizations using the transmission/reflection (T/R) method are compared to high-accuracy cavity resonator results. T/R accuracy is less than 10% for /spl epsiv//sub r//sup '/<15, and the smallest measureable loss factor is /spl epsiv//sub r//sup "//spl ap/0.05. Uncertainty caused by the air gaps between the specimen and the inner and outer conductors is the largest contributor to the overall uncertainty. Compared to other dimensional measurement methods, physical measurement of specimen bore and outer diameters yield the most accurate gap corrections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MRI-Targeted or Standard Biopsy for Prostate-Cancer Diagnosis (2018)

The use of risk assessment with MRI before biopsy and MRI-targeted biopsy was superior to standard transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy in men at clinical risk for prostate cancer who had not undergone biopsy previously. (Funded by the National Institute for Health Research and the European Association of Urology Research Foundation; PRECISION ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02380027 .).
One-step immunoaffinity purification of transferrin. (1990)

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the procedures for the immobilization of a biotinylated antibody specific for transferrin. A solution (1 ml) containing 1.7 mg biotinylated antitransferrin antibody is applied to a 1 ml avidin column during immobilization of biotinylated antibody on avidin-containing column. Using this procedure, quantitative binding of the biotinylated antibody can be achieved. The acetic acid wash removes about 15% of the bound antibody but the remaining fraction is stable. The column is washed with five column volumes of acetic acid and the PBS washing procedure is repeated. A 1-ml affinity column is washed successively with PBS, acetic acid, water, and PBS again. The plasma is diluted to 5 ml with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and applied to the column. Following passage of the effluent fraction, the column is washed with 25 ml of PBS. The purified transferrin contained even lower levels of contaminating antibody than that of the commercially available (Sigma) protein.
A hop by hop rate-based congestion control scheme (1992)

The flow/congestion control scheme of TCP is based on the sliding window mechanism. As we demonstrate in this paper, the performance of this and other similar end-to-end flow control schemes deteriorates as networks move to the gigabit range. This has been the motivation for our search for a new flow and congestion control scheme. In this paper, we propose as an alternative, a hop-by-hop rate-based mechanism for congestion control. Due to the increasing sophistication in switch architectures, to provide “quality of service” guarantees for real-time as well as bursty data traffic, the implementation of hop-by-hop controls has become relatively inexpensive. A cost-effective implementation of the proposed scheme for a multi-gigabit packet switch is described in [2]. In this paper, we present results of a simulation study comparing the performance of this hop-by-hop flow control scheme to two end-to-end flow control schemes. The results indicate that the proposed scheme displays stable behavior for a wide range of traffic conditions and diverse network topologies. More importantly, the performance of the scheme, measured in terms of the average number of occupied buffers, the end-to-end throughput, the network delay, and the link utilization at the bottleneck, is better than that of the end-to-end control schemes studied here. These results present a convincing case against popular myths about hop-by-hop control mechanisms.
Development of GIS condition monitoring and diagnosis system based on IEC61850 (2012)

Gas Insulated Switchgear(GIS) is a large power electrical equipment which is isolated using SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> gas. The benefit of GIS is simple structure, few break down and high reliability. But it is hard to check up abnormal conditions and faults for encapsulated type. So it is necessary of Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis(CMD) system to prevent a large ripple effect in power system. In this paper, the configuration of CMD system is divided into three parts. First, it is the sensor part. This part is consist of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes(SWNT), Pressure, Pressure wave, and Temperature sensor, and NCIT(ECT/EVT) Second, it is the part of data acquisition which is responsible for measurement and transmission of sensor. It is consist of Merging Unit(MU) which is divided into Sensor MU, NCIT MU, and CT/PT MU. Third, it is the CMD part. It is consist of Bay Control Unit(BCU), CMD Intelligent Electronic Device(IED), GIS Circuit Breaker Monitoring(GCBM), and Partial Discharge Monitoring Unit (PDMU). These are responsible for top user interface and diagnostic treatment. The interface data is transmitted based on IEC 61850. This system is installed to valid the performance of CMD system in Jeju Smart Grid Test-bed, Korea.
Vav3 Enhances Androgen Receptor Splice Variant Activity and Is Critical for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Growth and Survival (2012)

Advanced or metastatic prostate cancer is treated by androgen deprivation; however, patients inevitably relapse with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). CRPC remains dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which may include constitutive, ligand-independent action of naturally occurring AR splice variants. For example, the AR splice variant AR3 (also termed AR-V7) is expressed in CRPC and is linked to poor prognosis. Vav3, a Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is an AR coactivator that is up-regulated in human prostate cancer compared with benign tissue and in preclinical models of CRPC. Vav3 confers castration-resistant growth to androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cells. Despite the importance of AR coactivators in promoting CRPC, the potential role of these regulatory proteins in modulating AR splice variant activity is unknown. We examined the contributions of Vav3 to AR activity in two CRPC cell lines that naturally express relatively high levels of Vav3 and AR3. Vav3 or AR3 knockdown greatly attenuated cell proliferation, soft agar growth, and ligand-independent AR activity. Vav3 potently enhanced the transcriptional activity of AR3 and another clinically relevant AR splice variant, ARv567es. Vav3 knockdown resulted in lowered nuclear AR3 levels, whereas total AR3 levels remained similar. Conversely, overexpression of Vav3 resulted in increased nuclear AR3. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed that AR3 and Vav3 interact. These novel data demonstrating physical and functional interactions between Vav3, a unique AR coactivator, and an AR splice variant provide insights into the mechanisms by which Vav3 exploits and enhances AR signaling in the progression to CRPC.
Photoresponse of atomically thin MoS<sub>2</sub>layers and their planar heterojunctions (2016)

MoS2 monolayers exhibit excellent light absorption and large thermoelectric power, which are, however, accompanied by a very strong exciton binding energy - resulting in complex photoresponse characteristics. We study the electrical response to scanning photo-excitation on MoS2 monolayer (1L) and bilayer (2L) devices, and also on monolayer/bilayer (1L/2L) planar heterojunction and monolayer/few-layer/multi-layer (1L/FL/ML) planar double heterojunction devices to unveil the intrinsic mechanisms responsible for photocurrent generation in these materials and junctions. A strong photoresponse modulation is obtained by scanning the position of the laser spot, as a consequence of controlling the relative dominance of a number of layer dependent properties, including (i) the photoelectric effect (PE), (ii) the photothermoelectric effect (PTE), (iii) the excitonic effect, (iv) hot photo-electron injection from metal, and (v) carrier recombination. The monolayer and bilayer devices show a peak photoresponse when the laser is focused at the source junction, while the peak position shifts to the monolayer/few-layer junction in the heterostructure devices. The photoresponse is found to be dependent on the incoming light polarization when the source junction is illuminated, although the polarization sensitivity drastically reduces at the monolayer/few-layer heterojunction. Finally, we investigate the laser position dependent transient response of the photocurrent to reveal that trapping of carriers in SiO2 at the source junction is a critical factor to determine the transient response in 2D photodetectors, and also show that, by a systematic device design, such trapping can be avoided in the heterojunction devices, resulting in a fast transient response. The insights obtained will play an important role in designing a fast 2D TMD based photodetector and related optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices.
Resolution-enhancement for an orthographic-view image display in an integral imaging microscope system (2015)

Due to the limitations of micro lens arrays and camera sensors, images on display devices through the integral imaging microscope systems have been suffering for a low-resolution. In this paper, a resolution-enhanced orthographic-view image display method for integral imaging microscopy is proposed and demonstrated. Iterative intermediate-view reconstructions are performed based on bilinear interpolation using neighborhood elemental image information, and a graphics processing unit parallel processing algorithm is applied for fast image processing. The proposed method is verified experimentally and the effective results are presented in this paper.
J. Mertens, Van page tot landcommandeur. Opleiding, intrede en promotie in de Duitse orde, en militaire loopbaan van de ridders van de balije Biesen in de 18de eeuw (2000)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Production of cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 by tenosynovium demonstrates its potential for tendon destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (2001)

Tenosynovium produces proinflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes that are important in the tissue degradation seen in RA. Increased production of the enzymes MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-13 by invasive tenosynovium suggests a possible explanation for the worse prognosis and increased rupture rate associated with invasive tenosynovitis in RA. Production of VEGF by tenosynovium suggests that angiogenesis may have a role in tenosynovial proliferation and invasion of tendons.
Composition of Cheddar Cheese Made With Different Milk Clotting Enzymes (1977)

Six commercial milk clotting preparations from animal and fungal sources were used to make cheddar cheese. The cheeses were analyzed initially and over 6-mo ripening for proximate composition, minerals, amino acids, soluble protein, nonprotein nitrogen, free fatty acids, lactones, and flavor development. No significant differences in the composition of the cheeses could be attributed to the type of clotting enzyme. One lot of one enzyme showed increased lipolytic activity which indicated contamination and suggested that the purity of the enzyme preparation should be checked.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl- and Triphenyl-Induced Gastric Mucosal Hyperplasia in Primates (1973)

Polychlorinated biphenyl or triphenyl ingestion by subhuman primates for 3 months produced hyperplasia and dysplasia of the gastric mucosa. The concentration of the biphenyl within the experimental diet was less than an order of magnitude greater than that occurring in random food samples sold in the United States and less than levels which have occurred in food products as a result of industrial accidents. The increased cellularity, abnormal dysplastic growth pattern, and invasion of the adjacent tissue region indicate compromised gastric function and are suggestive of an eventual neoplastic transformation.
General Combining Ability and Its Interaction with Environments in a 7 ✕ 7 Diallel Cross Population of Alfalfa<sup>1</sup> (1974)

The relative importance of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in the year of establishment and in the following year were studied for forage yield, plant height, days to flower, growth habit, vigor, and frost tolerance in a diallel cross population of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). For both years GCA was more important than SCA for most of the characters. The ratio of GCA to SCA was generally greater for plants in their second year. There were marked differences in the GCA effects of the seven clones. Clones selected from adapted cultivars produced progenies that performed relatively well; those selected from unadapted cultivars gave progenies that were found to be generally inferior in forage yield, vigor, and frost tolerance. Both days to flower and vigor showed appreciable genotype ✕ environment interaction.
Spirulina Platensis Arthrospira (1997)

Morphology, ultrastructure and taxonomy of Arthrospira Spirulina Maxima and Arthrospira Spirulina Platensis the photosynthetic apparatus of Spirulina - electron transport and energy transfer Spirulina - growth, physiology and biochemistry genetics of Spirulina outdoors mass production of Spirulina - the basic concept tubular bioreactors cultivation of Spirulina Arthrospira outdoors - the Earthrise farms experience mass cultivation and wastewater treatment using Spirulina the
Alternative Job Search Strategies in Remote Rural and Peri‐urban Labour Markets: The Role of Social Networks (2005)

Abstract This paper examines the importance of informal methods (especially social networking) to the job search strategies used by unemployed people. It compares three areas: a small rural town; a larger, more sparsely populated, remote rural area; and a centrally‐located, peri‐urban labour market. The analysis is based first on survey research undertaken with 490 job seekers across the study areas. Emerging issues were then followed up during a series of twelve focus groups. The survey research showed that job seekers in the rural study areas were significantly more likely to use social networks to look for work. However, those who had experienced repeated or long‐term periods out of work, the unskilled and young people were significantly less likely to use such networks. Focus groups confirmed the perceived importance of social networking to the job search process in rural areas, in contrast to the more marginal role such methods appear to play in peri‐urban settings. For many rural job seekers, formal job search activities conducted through Jobcentres were seen as largely symbolic, lacking the practical value of social networking. These results suggest that service providers seeking to assist unemployed people in rural areas need to address the problems faced by many disadvantaged job seekers who are currently caught between their lack of social network relations and the absence of local public employment service facilities in more remote communities.