gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relative Stabilities of Weakly Coordinating Anions: A Computational Study (2004)

This article describes BP86/SV(P) (DFT) calculations on a representative set of weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) of type [M(L)n]-, their parent neutral Lewis acids M(L)(n-1) and their ate complexes with fluoride, that is, [FM(L)(n)](n-1) (M=B, L=F, OTeF5, C6H5, C6F5, C6H3(CF3)2, CF3; M=P, As, Sb, L=F, OTeF5; M=Al, L=OC(CF3)3). Compounds with fluoride bridges, that is, Sb(n)F(5n) and [Sb(n)F(5n+1)]- (n=2, 3, 4), Al2(L)5F and [(L)3Al-F-Al(L)3]- (L=OC(CF3)3), (F4C6[1,2-B(L)2]2, [F4C6[1,2-B(L)2]2F]-, [F4C6[1,2-B(L)2]2OMe]- (L=C6F5) were also calculated. Based on these BP86/SV(P) and auxiliary MP2/TZVPP, G2, and CBS-Q calculations the relative stabilities and coordinating abilities of these WCAs were established with regard to the fluoride ion affinities (FIA) of the parent Lewis acids, the ligand affinity (LA) of the WCAs, the decomposition of a given WCA in the presence of a hard (H+, proton decomposition PD) and a soft electrophile (Cu+, copper decomposition CuD), the position of the HOMO, the HOMO-LUMO gap, and population analyses of the anions providing partial charges for all atoms. To obtain data that is more reliable, the assessed quantities were calculated through isodesmic reactions. If parts of the calculations could not be done isodesmically, higher levels such as MP2/TZVPP, G2, and CBS-Q were used to obtain reliable values for these reactions. Although the obtained results can not be taken as absolute, the relative ordering of the stabilities of all WCAs will undoubtedly be correct, since a single methodology was chosen for the investigation. To include media effects the decomposition reactions of a subset of 14 WCAs with the SiMe3+ and [Cp2ZrMe]+ ions were also calculated in PhCl and 1,2-F2C6H4 (COSMO solvation model). We found that in most cases gas-phase calculations and solution calculations give comparable results for the stability of the anion. Applications of the LA and FIA that allow one to decide, on thermodynamic grounds, which WCA or Lewis acid is the most suitable for a given problem are sketched.
Aggregate Statistics of the National Airspace System (2003)

In this paper, we conduct a high-level review of aggregate statistics of the National Airspace System (NAS). First, we identify states, control actions, and performance measures that best characterize the NAS. Then, the most readily available data sources are identified. To provide a working familiarity with the data, descriptive statistics are applied to the most relevant data from the period January, 2000 to October, 2002. We identify weekly, monthly, or seasonal trends that reveal illuminating properties of the NAS. Histograms, comparison plots, and geographic plots are used to visually display the NAS statistics. Geographical concentration of traffic flow management initiatives show regions regularly afflicted with demand-capacity imbalances. Lastly, we conduct a careful study of special event days. It is well known that holidays and catastrophic events can have a severe impact on local traffic conditions. But only some of these have an impact on nation-wide traffic. Moreover, the ramifications are often observed just prior to, or just after an event. We examine a variety of special events for magnitude and temporal scope of impact. We do not make any conclusions about how well or efficiently the NAS is working on any given day.
VideoTopic: Content-Based Video Recommendation Using a Topic Model (2013)

Most video recommender systems limit the content to the metadata associated with the videos, which could lead to poor results since metadata is not always available or correct. Meanwhile, the visual information of videos is typically not fully explored, which is especially important for recommending new items with limited metadata information. In this paper, a novel content-based video recommendation framework, called Video Topic, that utilizes a topic model is proposed. It decomposes the recommendation process into video representation and recommendation generation. It aims to capture user interests in videos by using a topic model to represent the videos, and then generates recommendations by finding those videos that most fit to the topic distribution of the user interests. Experimental results on the Movie Lens dataset validate the effectiveness of Video Topic by evaluating each of its components and the whole framework.
Online Evaluation for Information Retrieval (2016)

Online evaluation is one of the most common approaches to measure the effectiveness of an information retrieval system. It involves fielding the information retrieval system to real users, and observing these users' interactions in situ while they engage with the system. This allows actual users with real world information needs to play an important part in assessing retrieval quality. Online Evaluation for Information Retrieval provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the topic. It shows how online evaluation is used for controlled experiments, segmenting them into experiment designs that allow absolute or relative quality assessments. The presentation of different metrics further partitions online evaluation based on different sized experimental units commonly of interest: documents, lists, and sessions. It also includes an extensive discussion of recent work on data re-use, and experiment estimation based on historical data. Online Evaluation for Information Retrieval pays particular attention to practical issues: How to run evaluations in practice, how to select experimental parameters, how to take into account ethical considerations inherent in online evaluations, and limitations that experimenters should be aware of. While most published work on online experimentation today is on a large scale in systems with millions of users, this monograph also emphasizes that the same techniques can be applied on a small scale. To this end, it highlights recent work that makes it easier to use at smaller scales and encourages studying real-world information seeking in a wide range of scenarios. The monograph concludes with a summary of the most recent work in the area, and outlines some open problems, as well as postulating future directions.
A Nanosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Oversulfated Chondroitin Sulfate Contaminant in Heparin (2013)

Heparin has been extensively used as an anticoagulant for the last eight decades. Recently, the administration of a contaminated batch of heparin caused 149 deaths in several countries including USA, Germany, and Japan. The contaminant responsible for the adverse effects was identified as oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS). Here, we report a rapid, ultrasensitive method of detecting OSCS in heparin using a nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) based gold-heparin-dye nanosensor. The sensor is an excellent substrate for heparitinase enzyme, as evidenced by ~70% recovery of fluorescence from the dye upon heparitinase treatment. However, the presence of OSCS results in diminished fluorescence recovery from the nanosensor upon heparitinase treatment, as the enzyme is inhibited by the contaminant. The newly designed nanosensor can detect as low as 1 × 10(-9) % (w/w) OSCS making it the most sensitive tool to date for the detection of trace amounts of OSCS in pharmaceutical heparins.
An abundance of registers (1988)

article Free Access Share on An abundance of registers Author: P. E. Cohen View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 23Issue 6June, 1988 pp 24–34https://doi.org/10.1145/44546.44547Online:01 June 1988Publication History 0citation89DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads89Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Silicon-modified carbohydrate surfactants. VII: Impact of different silicon substructures on the wetting behaviour of carbohydrate surfactants on low-energy surfaces ? distance decay of donor-acceptor forces (1998)

The wetting behaviour of carbohydrate surfactants bearing siloxane, carbosilane, polysilane or silane moieties has been investigated. By static surface tension (γlv, σ) and wetting tension (γsv−γsl, α) measurements on a non-polar perfluorinated surface (FEP®), the contact angles of aqueous surfactant solutions above the critical micelle formation concentration (cmc) were determined. Surface tension and wetting tension react independently on defined changes in the chemical structure of the surfactant molecules. Siloxane surfactants reduce the surface tension most effectively, whereas for a neopentyl-substituted silane derivative the lowest solid/liquid interfacial tension was found. The data for isomeric siloxanes, carbosilanes and silanes suggest that donor–acceptor forces at solid interfaces have a maximum range of about 4.5 Å. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective utilization of nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination DNA repair pathways during nervous system development (2006)

The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occurs via nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). These mechanistically distinct pathways are critical for maintenance of genomic integrity and organismal survival. Although inactivation of either pathway leads to embryonic lethality, here we show selective requirements for each DNA DSB repair pathway at different stages of mammalian nervous system development. DNA damage-induced apoptosis resulting from inactivation of HR (Xrcc2 deficiency) only occurred in proliferating neural precursor cells, whereas disruption of NHEJ (DNA ligase IV deficiency) mainly affected differentiating cells at later developmental stages. Therefore, these data suggest that NHEJ is dispensable for a substantial portion of early development because DSB repair during this period utilizes HR. Moreover, DNA damage-induced apoptosis required the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (Atm) kinase after disruption of NHEJ, but not HR, during neurogenesis. However, embryonic lethality arising from disruption of either repair pathway was rescued by loss of p53 and resulted in specific tumor types reflective of the particular DSB repair pathway inactivated. Thus, these data reveal distinct tissue- and cell-type requirements for each DNA DSB repair pathway during neural development and provide insights for understanding the contributions of DNA DSB responses to disease.
Simple method for quantifying pulmonary metastases in a murine fibrosarcoma. (1983)

A simple method is described for quantitating pulmonary metastases in C57BL/6J mice implanted with the Lewis T241 fibrosarcoma. Lungs were removed from tumor-bearing mice, homogenized, and diluted to 14 ml with supplemented Roswell Park Memorial Institute Tissue Culture Medium 1640 (+5% fetal calf serum). Twenty-five microliters of lung suspension from individual mice were added to a flat-bottomed microtiter plate containing 175 microliters of supplemented media, pulsed with [3H]thymidine, and incubated for 20 hr at 37 degrees. The cells were processed with a multiple automated sample harvester and counted in a liquid scintillator. Total lung burden was extrapolated from measured radioactivity (as cpm) through the use of a standard curve. This method is reasonably accurate and precise and provides more quantitative information on the pulmonary metastatic process than most conventional assays.
Chapter 11 Functional brain imaging and modeling of brain disorders (1999)

This chapter reviews some of the methods that have been used for the analysis of functional brain imaging data. The chapter describes the neural modeling that can be used to provide the basis for understanding the functional networks mediating specific cognitive tasks in normal subjects and in patients with brain disorders. Two types of neural modeling have been applied to functional brain imaging data: systems-level modeling and large-scale neural modeling. The chapter also reviews the use of structural equation modeling. The chapter discusses how large-scale neural modeling can be used to enhance interpretation of functional imaging data. The chapter describes that large-scale neural modeling can help to elucidate complex interactions, such as those that result from recurrent feedforward/feedback loops that are thought to be operative in the brain. With a large-scale model, explicit hypotheses can be examined in different contexts by varying the effects of parameters that correspond to biological substrates, such as synaptic density or receptor efficacy.
Scuticociliatida Infetion of Cultured Hirame ; Characteristics , Drug Sensitivity , and Pathogenicity of Cultured Scuticociliata (1993)

On the development of hirame(Paratichtys olivaceus) culture, outbreak of scuticociliata infection was reported to cause severe damage in Japan. To establish effective measures for isolation and cultivation of this ciliate, we tried to culture this pathogenic ciliate using medium for bacteria and fish cell lines in vitro. Scuticociliata from the brain tissues of infected fish was aseptically inoculated to CHSE-214 cells cultured in MEM-10 without antibiotic. Scuticociliata grew well and the number of ciliate reached 106 cells/㎖ at temperatures of 15℃ to 20℃ for 10d. The number of ciliate cultured in the cell lines is 10 times higher than the numbers cultured in the liquid medium alone. This ciliata could be cloned by dilution method. Scuticociliata isolated could grow well on 42 different cell lines that were established from marine fish, warm freshwater fish, and salmonids. This ciliate could be preserved in liquid nitrogen for more than 6 months. Subsequently, we observed the optimal temperature and salinity for growth, and tested the sensitivities of this organism to formaldehyde, flagyl(Metronidazole), Ekuteshin(Combination compound of sulfamonometoxin and ormethoprim), and ozonixation. Optimal temperature for growth was 25℃ and salinity was 1.0 to 1.5%. Washed scuticociliata was killed by formaldehyde at the concentration of 50ppm for 10min, but was not completely killed even at a high concentration of 400ppm for 20min in MEM-5. Flagyl and Ekuteshin can inhibit the growth of scuticociliata at the concentration of 1,000 and 100㎍/㎖ in MEM-10, respectively. More than 99% of this scuticociliata could be killed by ozonization at a dose equivalent to 1.0㎎/l oxidant for 30sec in sea water. Isolated scuticociliata showed the pathogenicity to the cultured hirame by artificial infection(I. P. injection, 10^5 cells/fish). The number of scuticociliata in the water could be counted by most probable number(MPN) method using tissue culture, and the minimum detectable number was 1.8cells/l. The number in the reservoir tank for water supply to the culture tank was 110cells/l. After cleaning by elimination of the sediments from of the reservoir tank and disinfected with formaldehyde, number of scuticociliata decreased and was counted less than 1.8cells/l and infection rate of cultured hirame was decreased.
The political economy of South Africa in the interwar period (1992)

Economic policy in South Africa in the interwar period is discussed in the context of differences between the economic power and political influence of Afrikaner as opposed to mining capital. Previous analyses have been limited by overgeneralisation, narrowness of scope and analytical methodologies which have overemphasised class agencies at the expense of actual and potential economic linkages. State economic interventions are shown to have differed in influence and in impact by area of application. No coherent policy was followed for the development of industry based on agricultural products. Instead, policies were subordinated to devolving central power to fragmented agricultural interests. Industrial policy is shown to have been confined to protection, other forms of subsidy and the creation of a state sector around heavy industry rather than being linked to a strategy of diversification out of the base provided by the activities associated with mining. Despite this lack of a conducive framework, preliminary research reveals that constrained industrial diversification did occur in isolated cases, including chemical and industrial diamond products, suggesting that other development trajectories were possible.
On the Presence of Acetobacter oxydans in Apple Juice (1952)

SUMMURY : Acetobacter oxydans has been identified in pure natural apple juice. A new technique which possesses some advantages over existing methods has been developed for demonstrating capsule formation by this organism and by other species of Acetobacter.
Learning 6-DOF Grasping Interaction via Deep Geometry-aware 3D Representations (2017)

This paper focuses on the problem of learning 6-DOF grasping with a parallel jaw gripper in simulation. We propose the notion of a geometry-aware representation in grasping based on the assumption that knowledge of 3D geometry is at the heart of interaction. Our key idea is constraining and regularizing grasping interaction learning through 3D geometry prediction. Specifically, we formulate the learning of deep geometry-aware grasping model in two steps: First, we learn to build mental geometry-aware representation by reconstructing the scene (i.e., 3D occupancy grid) from RGBD input via generative 3D shape modeling. Second, we learn to predict grasping outcome with its internal geometry-aware representation. The learned outcome prediction model is used to sequentially propose grasping solutions via analysis-by-synthesis optimization. Our contributions are fourfold: (1) To best of our knowledge, we are presenting for the first time a method to learn a 6-DOF grasping net from RGBD input; (2) We build a grasping dataset from demonstrations in virtual reality with rich sensory and interaction annotations. This dataset includes 101 everyday objects spread across 7 categories, additionally, we propose a data augmentation strategy for effective learning; (3) We demonstrate that the learned geometry-aware representation leads to about 10 percent relative performance improvement over the baseline CNN on grasping objects from our dataset. (4) We further demonstrate that the model generalizes to novel viewpoints and object instances.
Comparative Study of the Developed Chemiluminescent, ELISA and SPR Immunoassay Formats for the Highly Sensitive Detection of Human Albumin (2012)

Chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunoassay and enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were developed for the highly sensitive detection of human albumin (HA). The bioanalytical procedure, involving the surface modification and antibody immobilization, was the same for all immunoassay formats. The bioanalytical platforms, i.e. microtiter plates (MTP) and SPR gold chips, were initially functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and then crosslinked to anti-HA antibodies using 1-ethyl-3-[3- dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride and sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide. The developed HA immunoassay formats were compared on the basis of their analytical performance. CLEIA was found to be the best format for HA detection as it had the highest analytical sensitivity with lowest limit of detection and widest dynamic range. The analytical sensitivity of various immunoassay formats were in the decreasing order of CLEIA > ELISA > SPR. The developed CLEIA for HA detection was 6-fold more sensitive than the widely used commercially-available ELISA. The anti-HA antibody bound MTPs, stored at 4 °C in 0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4, were stable for up to 4 weeks, and can be effectively used for the rapid detection of HA in just 2.5 h.
Cubic boron nitride thin film deposition by unbalanced magnetron sputtering and dc pulsed substrate biasing (1998)

Boron nitride (BN) thin films were deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. An asymmetric bipolar pulsed dc power supply was used to bias the substrate with a 218 kHz signal. BN was deposited at different negative bias voltages and films with over 80% of the zinc-blende cubic phase, as measured by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, were obtained. For a given set of deposition conditions a window of maximum negative bias voltage was defined inside which the cubic phase is stabilized. This negative bias voltage was used to derive the momentum imparted to the growing film per arriving boron atom, and it is shown that a threshold value for the formation of the cubic phase (cBN) is consistent with previous results using ion beam assisted deposition. Several films were deposited on aluminum nitride and diamond thin films previously deposited on crystalline silicon in order to study the effect of the substrate on the stabilization of the cBN phase. A twofold reduction in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 1060 cm−1 FTIR peak is obtained for films deposited on diamond, which is indicative of better ordering of the B–N cubic bonding. At high negative bias voltages the FWHM increases toward the value for BN films deposited onto crystalline silicon which is expected since the greater energetic bombardment produces excessive damage to the film.
Microstructural evolution during film growth (2003)

Atomic-scale control and manipulation of the microstructure of polycrystalline thin films during kinetically limited low-temperature deposition, crucial for a broad range of industrial applications, has been a leading goal of materials science during the past decades. Here, we review the present understanding of film growth processes—nucleation, coalescence, competitive grain growth, and recrystallization—and their role in microstructural evolution as a function of deposition variables including temperature, the presence of reactive species, and the use of low-energy ion irradiation during growth.
Use of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Petroleum Waxes, Microcrystalline Waxes, and Ozokerite. (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Petroleum Waxes, Microcrystalline Waxes, and Ozokerite.W. K. ReidCite this: Anal. Chem. 1966, 38, 3, 445–449Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60235a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (559 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts