gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and modeling of bias dependent breakdown and self-heating in GaInP/GaAs power HBT to improve high power amplifier design (2002)

It is usual to say that power GaInP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have many advantages for power amplification at microwave frequencies, because of their high gain and high power density. Furthermore, the possibility of controling the base biasing conditions (voltage, current, self-bias control) compared to a field-effect transistor offers additive degrees of freedom to make a tradeoff between linearity and power-added efficiency. Nevertheless existing devices are limited because of the relatively low breakdown voltage whereas high collector voltage swings are required to achieve high power. This drawback makes them not appropriate for use in the next generation of mobile communication base station or radar systems. Silicon technologies such as LDMOS and III-V devices (MESFET and HFET) present competitive performances in term of high power level but for medium power added efficiency. Important improvements have been made in recent years which make possible large breakdown voltages for GaInP/GaAs HBTs. Breakdown value close to 67 V has been achieved. The aim of this work is to significantly improve the modeling of the breakdown voltage on this type of transistor. Furthermore, the in depth characterization and modeling of self-heating effects have been greatly improved in order to improve thermal management solutions which enable us to enhanced design solutions of HBT high power amplifiers.
A Survey of Wound Monitoring and Topical Antimicrobial Therapy Practices in the Treatment of Burn Injury (1990)

A survey was done to determine how burn wound microbial monitoring is performed and how topical antimicrobial agents are employed. The survey was sent to 90 burn-care facilities, which comprised most of the major burn centers in the United States. The survey contained questions concerning frequency and techniques of wound monitoring, personnel involved in monitoring, as well as questions about how decisions were made to initiate topical antimicrobial therapy, which agents were selected, and how they were administered. Sixty of 90 facilities (66%) responded to the survey. Although there were few areas of unanimous agreement, several trends did emerge. Most facilities monitored burn wounds for microbes (92%). Wound monitoring was typically done at least twice weekly by either surface swab or quantitative biopsy. Nursing staff played a significant role in specimen collection in 69% of facilities and were solely responsible for obtaining biopsy specimens in 29% of facilities that used biopsies exclusively. All responding facilities used topical antimicrobial agents; silver sulfadiazine was the most popular (95%). Only 33% of facilities surveyed had their own laboratory for microbial monitoring. Rapid techniques for early diagnosis of wound sepsis were used in 20% of units, and topical antimicrobial testing was used in 17% of facilities surveyed.
OpenIoT: An open service framework for the Internet of Things (2014)

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been a hot topic for the future of computing and communication. It will not only have a broad impact on our everyday life in the near future, but also create a new ecosystem involving a wide array of players such as device developers, service providers, software developers, network operators, and service users. In this paper, we present an open service framework for the Internet of Things, facilitating entrance into the IoT-related mass market, and establishing a global IoT ecosystem with the worldwide use of IoT devices and softwares. We expect that the open IoT service framework we proposed will play an important role in the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things in our everyday life, enhancing our quality of life with a large number of innovative applications and services, but also offering endless opportunities to all of the stakeholders in the world of information and communication technologies.
Stroboscopic illumination scheme for seamless 3D endoscopy (2012)

Intraoperative 3D imaging during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is possible using structured lighting and has applications in the quantification of tissue morphology. However, projection schemes containing various patterns and colours can be disruptive to the surgeon's field of view. In this paper, a stroboscopic system is proposed in which structured lighting and white light images are interleaved during a high-speed camera acquisition so that the patterned light is not perceived and white light can be used solely for navigation and visual assessment. A beam chopper synchronised with the camera switches rapidly between the two lighting modes while still providing video rate display. A spectrally-encoded structured lighting system is provided by an optical fibre-based probe developed in our lab and is suitable for use in endoscopic biopsy channels. In this dual acquisition mode it is possible to display an augmented view so that the centroids of the structured lighting features are visible on the white light image. Sequential acquisition of varying exposure time images with the high speed camera also allowed the generation of high dynamic range images of the wavelength-encoded structured lighting pattern. Possible applications of this work include classification of polyp morphology as an indicator of pathology.
Creating Preemptive Suspects: National Security, Border Defense, and Immigration Policy, 1980–Present (2017)

Analysis of U.S. immigration, border defense, and national security policies and their impact on individuals, families, and communities from Mexico and Central America who have migrated or fled to the United States as refugees since the mid-1980s suggests that through immigration programs such as Prevention through Deterrence, the United States has crafted a set of policies that creates “preemptive suspects”—categories of people from Central America and Mexico that may be systematically excluded as dangerous, criminal, undeserving, and less valuable than U.S. citizens. Un análisis de las políticas de inmigración, defensa fronteriza y seguridad nacional y su impacto en individuos, familias y comunidades de México y Centroamérica que residen en los Estados Unidos como inmigrantes o refugiados desde mediados de la década de 1980 sugiere que los Estados Unidos ha creado, a través de programas migratorios como la Prevención por Disuasión, un conjunto de políticas que generan “sospechosos preventivos,” es decir, categorías de personas de América Central y México que pueden ser sistemáticamente excluidas como peligrosas, criminales, indignas y de menos valor que los ciudadanos estadunidenses.
Verhaltenstherapie bei Zwangserkrankungen (2003)

Anhand eines Fallbeispiels wird die Bedeutung individualisierter Verhaltensanalysen für die Therapieplanung unter Berücksichtigung der intraindividuellen und interaktionellen Funktionalität von Zwängen erläutert. Expositions-Reaktions-Management und kognitive Methoden werden praxisnah skizziert. Subtypbezogene Besonderheiten werden exemplarisch für Zwangsgedanken und Kontrollzwänge diskutiert. Es wird betont, dass Exposition eine vertiefte emotionale und biografische Exploration ermöglicht und eine spezifische therapeutische Beziehungsgestaltung erfordert.
Does neoplastic gastrin expression remodel the embryonal pattern of the protein? A study in human pancreas. (2004)

The immunostaining for gastrin identifies a subgroup of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas with a neuroendocrine component (initially considered as pure ductal tumors), and mixed ductal-endocrine tumors. This pattern of expression in neoplasms recapitulates the normal pattern during the embryonal development of the organ, and may be important for the development of new therapeutic approaches with eventual clinical utility.
Predictive energy landscapes for protein–protein association (2012)

We investigate protein-protein association using the associative-memory, water-mediated, structure, and energy model (AWSEM), a coarse-grained protein folding model that has been optimized using energy-landscape theory. The potential was originally parameterized by enforcing a funneled nature for a database of dimeric interfaces but was later further optimized to create funneled folding landscapes for individual monomeric proteins. The ability of the model to predict interfaces was not tested previously. The present results show that simulated annealing of the model indeed is able to predict successfully the native interfaces of eight homodimers and four heterodimers, thus amounting to a flexible docking algorithm. We go on to address the relative importance of monomer geometry, flexibility, and nonnative intermonomeric contacts in the association process for the homodimers. Monomer surface geometry is found to be important in determining the binding interface, but it is insufficient. Using a uniform binding potential rather than the water-mediated potential results in sampling of misbound structures that are geometrically preferred but are nonetheless energetically disfavored by AWSEM, as well as in nature. Depending on the stability of the unbound monomers, nonnative contacts play different roles in the association process. For unstable monomers, thermodynamic states stabilized by nonnative interactions correspond to productive, on-pathway intermediates and can, therefore, catalyze binding through a fly-casting mechanism. For stable monomers, in contrast, states stabilized by nonnative interactions generally correspond to traps that impede binding.
Chalcogenide Phase Change Memory: Scalable NVM for the Next Decade? (2006)

Non-Volatile Memories (NVM) are playing an important role in the semiconductor market, thanks in particular to Flash which is used mainl y in cellular phones and other types of electronic portable equipment. In the coming years portable systems will demand even more NVM with high density and very high writing throughput for data storage application, or with fast random access for code execution. While continued research on floating gate techniques should extend the current Flash technology capability through the end of this decade, there is increasing interest in new memory storage mechanisms and materials that have promise for scaling thr ough at least the end ofthe next decade. Among the different NVM based on storage mechanisms alternative to the floating-gate concept, Phase-Change Memories (PCM), also called Ovonic Unified Memory (OUM), is one of the most promising candidates, having the potentia l to improve the performance compared to Flash as well as to be scalable beyond Flash technology [1-3]. In this paper the physics and operation of phase change memory will first be presented, followed by a discussion on the current status of development. Finally, the scaling capability of the technology will be presented.
Automated subpixel image registration of remotely sensed imagery (1994)

An algorithm is described for the automated registration of remotely sensed imagery that registers 6000 × 6000-pixel images in 8–18 minutes on an IBM RISC System/6000® workstation. The resulting registration is accurate to the subpixel level even in the presence of noise and large areas of change in the images. It is shown that the registration- mapping function for parallel projections has the form F(x,y) = A(x,y) + h(x,y)e, where A(x,y) is an affine transformation, h(x,y) is a function that depends on the topographic heights, and e is a vector that defines the epipolar lines. The algorithm determines the parameters of this equation using only the image data, without knowledge of the viewing orientations or scene point coordinates. The search for match points is then a one-dimensional search along the epipolar lines, which greatly increases the speed and accuracy of the registration.
Advances in Security in Computing and Communications (2017)

In the era of Internet of Things (IoT) and with the explosive worldwide growth of electronic data volume, and associated need of processing, analysis, and storage of such humongous volume of data, several new challenges are faced in protecting privacy of sensitive data and securing systems by designing novel schemes for secure authentication, integrity protection, encryption, and non-repudiation. Lightweight symmetric key cryptography and adaptive network security algorithms are in demand for mitigating these challenges. This book presents some of the state-of-the-art research work in the field of cryptography and security in computing and communications. It is a valuable source of knowledge for researchers, engineers, practitioners, graduates, and doctoral students who are working in the field of cryptography, network security, and security and privacy issues in the Internet of Things (IoT). It will also be useful for faculty members of graduate schools and universities.
Operation of Silicon Carbide BJTs Free from Bipolar Degradation (2010)

The mechanisms of bipolar degradation in silicon carbide BJTs are investigated and identified. Bipolar degradation occurs as result of stacking fault (SF) growth within the low-doped collector region. A stacking fault blocks vertical current transport through the collector, driving the defective region into saturation. This results in considerable drop of emitter current gain if the BJT is run at a reasonably low collector-emitter bias. The base region does not play any significant role in bipolar degradation. Long-term stress tests have shown full stability of large-area high-power BJTs under minority carrier injection conditions provided the devices are fabricated using low Basal Plane Dislocation (BPD) material. However, an approximately 20% current gain compression is observed for the first 30-60 hours of burn-in under common emitter operation, which is related to instability of surface recombination in the passive base region.
SIMS research in China (2020)

SIMS has been widely used in materials, earth, and life sciences. In recent years, China has seen a tremendous growth in both the number of SIMS instruments installed and research activities. The Chinese SIMS community has grown rapidly as demonstrated by the number of participants and papers presented in their biennial national SIMS conference. This special issue is a collection of 16 papers to showcase the recent SIMS research activities in China. I hope that these papers will be useful for the readers of Surface and Interface Analysis and the material analysis community in general. This special issue begins with six papers aligned to the topic of earth science, illustrating the continuous efforts of Chinese researchers to search for isotopic reference materials, instrument optimization, and methodology developments. These papers are followed by research discussing the differences in mass resolution definition of different types of instruments and their impacts. Nine subsequent papers present an overview of the applications of TOF-SIMS in various fields including biology, environment, metallurgy, and semiconductors. Last but not the least, a paper from an industry presents dopant quantification using an SIMS-related technique—atom probe tomography. I would like to thank Professor John F. Watts, the Editor-in-Chief, and Mr Paul Trevorrow, Executive Journals Editor—Wiley, for giving us the opportunity to organize this special issue. I would also like to acknowledge all the authors for their contributions and the reviewers for providing their constructive comments and suggestions to the manuscripts.
Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction. (2012)

The shaping of the wavefront of light with optical components such as lenses and prisms, as well as diffractive elements, such as gratings and holograms, relies on gradual phase changes accumulated along the optical path. This approach is generalized in transformation optics, which uses metamaterials to bend light in unusual ways, achieving such phenomena as negative refraction, subwavelength-focusing, and cloaking.
Design considerations for merged transistor logic (Integrated injection logic circuits) (1974)

Experiments clarifying the features of the MTL structure contributing to current gain and circuit delay will be described and conclusions for the design of optimum structures offered.
Reliability of Acugraph System for Measuring Skin Conductance at Acupoints (2011)

The AcuGraph measures known resistors and organic matter accurately and reliably. Skin conductance at acupoints recorded by one operator was also reliable. There was less consistency in electrodermal recordings obtained by seven different operators. Operator training and technical improvements to the AcuGraph may improve consistency among operators.
Relative Perceived Product Quality: Increasing the Effectiveness of Restaurant Planning Through a More Effective Integration of the Competitive Environment (2011)

The concept of competing for the customer, like many concepts, appears deceptively simple. A problem with some restaurants' analyses of customers and competitors is that they are often viewed as isolated events, decreasing the effectiveness with which information is incorporated in the firm's research, planning, and implementation efforts. The concept of relative perceived product quality not only synthesizes the customer and competitor analyses, but it provides management with a means of ingraining the new relevant information into the marketing planning process. As important as this concept is, it has received virtually no coverage in general business and hospitality research.
Verification of Quantum Programs (2011)

This paper develops verification methodology for quantum programs, and the contribution of the paper is two-fold: 1. Sharir, Pnueli and Hart [SIAM J. Comput. 13(1984)292-314] presented a general method for proving properties of probabilistic programs, in which a probabilistic program is modeled by a Markov chain and an assertion on the output distribution is extended into an invariant assertion on all intermediate distributions. Their method is essentially a probabilistic generalization of the classical Floyd inductive assertion method. In this paper, we consider quantum programs modeled by quantum Markov chains which are defined by super-operators. It is shown that the Sharir-Pnueli-Hart method can be elegantly generalized to quantum programs by exploiting the Schrödinger-Heisenberg duality between quantum states and observables. In particular, a completeness theorem for the Sharir-Pnueli-Hart verification method of quantum programs is established. 2. As indicated by the completeness theorem, the Sharir-Pnueli-Hart method is in principle effective for verifying all properties of quantum programs that can be expressed in terms of Hermitian operators (observables). But it is not feasible for many practical applications because of the complicated calculation involved in the verification. For the case of finite-dimensional state spaces, we find a method for verification of quantum programs much simpler than the Sharir-Pnueli-Hart method by employing the matrix representation of super-operators and Jordan decomposition of matrices. In particular, this method enables us to compute easily the average running time and even to analyze some interesting long-run behaviors of quantum programs in a finite-dimensional state space.
Hyperbranched methacrylates by self‐condensing group transfer polymerization (1997)

Abstract The synthesis of hyperbranched methacrylates was achieved by self‐condensing group transfer polymerization of 2‐(2‐methyl‐1‐triethylsiloxy‐1‐propenyloxy)ethyl methacrylate ( 1 ). “Back‐biting” is shown to be the predominant side reaction. In spite of this, the compact nature of the hyperbranched molecules was demonstrated through SEC‐viscosity measurements and comparison with a linear analogue. The degree of branching can be controlled by copolymerization with conventional monomers, e.g. MMA, and the living polymers can be used as macroinitiators for star‐shaped polymers.
Anserine bursitis and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. (1997)

A relationship exists between NIDDM, knee pain, and anserine bursitis unrelated to age, BMI, duration and control of diabetes, and age at the diagnosis of diabetes.
Aminimides. II. A one-step synthesis of aminimides from carboxylic acid esters (1967)

The general applicability of preparing aminimides from esters and insitu generated 1,1,1-trimethylaminimine is reported. Acyclic, alicyclic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic trimethylaminimides have been synthesized by the one-step reaction. The synthetic scheme consists of reacting an ester with a 1,1,1-trimethylhydrazinium salt in the presence of an anhydrous base such as sodium methoxide. The choice of solvent, reaction temperature, and base and the electronegativity of the acyl substituent influence the ease of aminimide formation.
Aortic pulse wave velocity and reflecting distance estimation from peripheral waveforms in humans: detection of age- and exercise training-related differences (2013)

We hypothesized that demographic/anthropometric parameters can be used to estimate effective reflecting distance (EfRD), required to derive aortic pulse wave velocity (APWV), a prognostic marker of cardiovascular risk, from peripheral waveforms and that such estimates can discriminate differences in APWV and EfRD with aging and habitual endurance exercise in healthy adults. Ascending aortic pressure waveforms were derived from peripheral waveforms (brachial artery pressure, n = 25; and finger volume pulse, n = 15) via a transfer function and then used to determine the time delay between forward- and backward-traveling waves (Δtf-b). True EfRDs were computed as directly measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV) × 1/2Δtf-b and then used in regression analysis to establish an equation for EfRD based on demographic/anthropometric data (EfRD = 0.173·age + 0.661·BMI + 34.548 cm, where BMI is body mass index). We found good agreement between true and estimated APWV (Pearson's R² = 0.43; intraclass correlation = 0.64; both P < 0.05) and EfRD (R² = 0.24; intraclass correlation = 0.40; both P < 0.05). In young sedentary (22 ± 2 years, n = 6), older sedentary (62 ± 1 years, n = 24), and older endurance-trained (61 ± 2 years, n = 14) subjects, EfRD (from demographic/anthropometric parameters), APWV, and 1/2Δtf-b (from brachial artery pressure waveforms) were 52.0 ± 0.5, 61.8 ± 0.4, and 60.6 ± 0.5 cm; 6.4 ± 0.3, 9.6 ± 0.2, and 8.1 ± 0.2 m/s; and 82 ± 3, 65 ± 1 and 76 ± 2 ms (all P < 0.05), respectively. Our results demonstrate that APWV derived from peripheral waveforms using age and BMI to estimate EfRD correlates with CFPWV in healthy adults. This method can reliably detect the distal shift of the reflecting site with age and the increase in APWV with sedentary aging that is attenuated with habitual endurance exercise.