gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular orientation of Factor VIIIa on the phospholipid membrane surface determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (2013)

F (Factor) VIIIa binds to phospholipid membranes during formation of the FXase complex. Free thiols from cysteine residues of isolated FVIIIa A1 and A2 subunits and the A3 domain of the A3C1C2 subunit were labelled with PyMPO maleimide {1-(2-maleimidylethyl)-4-[5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-oxazol-2-yl]pyridinium methanesulfonate} or fluorescein (fluorescence donors). Double mutations of the A3 domain (C2000S/T1872C and C2000S/D1828C) were also produced to utilize Cys(1828) and Cys(1872) residues for labelling. Labelled subunits were reacted with complementary non-labelled subunits to reconstitute FVIIIa. Octadecylrhodamine incorporated into phospholipid vesicles was used as an acceptor for distance measurements between FVIII residues and membrane surface by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The results of the present study indicate that a FVIII axis on a plane that intersects the approximate centre of each domain is orientated with a tilt angle of ~30-50° on the membrane surface. This orientation predicted the existence of contacts mediated by residues 1713-1725 in the A3 domain in addition to a large area of contacts within the C domains. FVIII variants where Arg(1719) or Arg(1721) were mutated to aspartate showed a >40-fold reduction in membrane affinity. These results identify possible orientations for FVIIIa bound to the membrane surface and support a new interaction between the A3 domain and the membrane probably mediated in part by Arg(1719) and Arg(1721).
Immunosuppression during acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection: involvement of Ly6G (Gr1+)CD11b+ immature myeloid suppressor cells (2002)

Trypanosoma cruzi infection is associated with a severe unresponsiveness of spleen cells (SC) to antigens and mitogens. A high production of NO by concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated SC from infected but not from control mice was observed. Neutralization of endogenous IFN-gamma production or treatment with NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-N-monomethyl-arginine, blocked Con A-induced NO production and greatly restored proliferation by SC from infected mice. This was confirmed by using IFN-gammaR(-/-) and inducible NOS (iNOS)(-/- )knockout mice, since unresponsiveness to mitogens of SC from those infected mice was much less pronounced than in control littermates. Interestingly, SC unresponsiveness was associated with a huge increase in CD11b(+) cells that express Ly-6G (Gr1)(+) and other immature myeloid markers These cells were absent in infected IFN-gammaR(-/-) spleens. Purified immature Gr1(+)CD11b(+) cells produced NO and expressed iNOS upon IFN-gamma treatment, and were able to inhibit T cell proliferation. In addition, depletion of myeloid CD11b(+ )cells abrogated NO production and restored mitogen-induced proliferation, but not IL-2 synthesis, in SC from infected mice. IL-2 production and CD25 cell surface expression by mitogen-activated T cells were greatly depressed in SC from IFN-gammaR(-/-) and iNOS(-/- )mice, confirming that Gr1(+)CD11b(+) cells were not involved in their down-regulation. In contrast, IL-5, tumor necrosis factor and IFN-gamma production, and CD69 expression by T cells were not depressed in infected SC. The results indicate the existence of an immunosuppressive mechanism during T. cruzi infection, mediated through IFN-gamma-dependent NO secretion by immature Ly-6G (Gr1)(+)CD11b(+ )myeloid cells.
Optical Compensators for Measurement of Elliptical Polarization (1948)

A detailed survey is given of the present-day knowledge of optical compensators. The compensators discussed are those of Babinet, Soleil, Rayleigh, De Forest Palmer, Brace, Szivessy, Senármont, and Richartz. Each instrument is described, the theory developed, the method of use for the measurement of small phase differences given, and reference made to the sensitivity and accuracy.
The Effect of Supersaturation on Apatite Crystal Formation in Aqueous Solutions at Physiologic pH and Temperature (1994)

The importance of supersaturation in the dynamics of apatite precipitation from aqueous solutions is well-established. To determine whether this parameter has a comparable impact on the concomitant development of the textural properties of this phase, such as crystal size and shape, we investigated mineral accretion in synthetic solutions seeded with 0.67 g/L apatite over a range of supersaturations at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. A dual specific-ion electrode-controlled titration method was used to maintain the seeded reactions under the following solution conditions: 1.0 to 1.8 mmol/L Ca2+, 0.67 to 1.2 mmol/L total phosphate (PO4), Ca/PO4 (initial) = 1.5, 143 mmol/L KNO3, and 10 mmol/L HEPES. Samples were collected for chemical and textural analyses when the seed apatite was reduced by new accretions to 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, and 1/32 of the total solids in suspension. All new accretions were found to be apatitic. At the lowest supersaturation, accretion occurred primarily by growth of the seed crystals. However, at the highest supersaturation examined, the crystals at the end of the experiments were actually smaller, on average, than the original seeds, even though the total mass increased 32-fold. The results suggest that proliferation of new crystals supplanted growth of the seed crystals as supersaturation was increased. The results also suggest that differences in tissue fluid supersaturation may contribute to the large disparity in dimensions between dentin and enamel apatite crystals.
Miscible blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) and the polyhydroxyether of bisphenol A (1979)

Abstract Melt blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and the polyhydroxyether of bisphenol A (phenoxy) exhibit excellent transparency above the melting point of PBT as well as for the quenched molded specimens. Dynamic mechanical and calorimetric characterization revealed single and sharp glass transitions intermediate between those for the individual constituents. Increasing phenoxy content in the blends depressed the crystallization rate of PBT due to dilution and viscosity ( T g increase) effects. The apparent miscibility is believed due to the potential specific interactions between phenoxy pendant hydroxyl (proton donor) and the ester carbonyl of PBT (proton acceptor). Heat of fusion results surprisingly show an increase in the degree of PBT crystallinity as the phenoxy content of the blend is increased. No explanation is offered at this point for this unexpected behavior.
Biocatalytic synthesis of polymers. III. Formation of a high molecular weight polyester through limitation of hydrolysis by enzyme‐bound water and through equilibrium control (1995)

Abstract Enzyme‐catalyzed preparation of polymers offers several potentially valuable advantages over the usual polymerization procedures and has been studied for several years. A significant limitation on the polyesters prepared to date has been the low molecular weights achieved. The present studies have established that, in the polycondensation of bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) glutarate with 1,4‐butanediol using porcine pancreatic lipase as the catalyst, this limitation arises from at least two sources: hydrolysis of activated ester end groups by water introduced along with the enzyme and the polymerization's reaching equilibrium despite using the poorly nucleophilic 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol as the leaving group. Evidence is also developed that the presence of trifluoroethanol accelerates the release of the enzyme‐bound water which hydrolyzes the activated ester end groups. The hydrolysis could be avoided by choosing a relatively high‐boiling solvent, such as bis(2‐ethoxyethyl) ether, then removing the trifluoroethanol by placing the reaction mixture under vacuum periodically or by drying the enzyme rigorously. The vacuum method also removed the limitation on molecular weight resulting from the reaction's reaching equilibrium. A further improvement in the molecular weight to nearly 40,000 daltons, well within the range that is technically interesting, was achieved by using 1,2‐dimethoxybenzene or 1,3‐dimethoxybenzene as the polymerization solvent. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluation of Chemical Protectants as Inhibitors of Ozone-Induced Degradation of GR-S (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of Chemical Protectants as Inhibitors of Ozone-Induced Degradation of GR-SA. D. Delman, B. B. Simms, and A. R. AllisonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 10, 1589–1592Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60094a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60094a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A generalized orthonormal basis for linear dynamical systems (1995)

In many areas of signal, system, and control theory, orthogonal functions play an important role in issues of analysis and design. In this paper, it is shown that there exist orthogonal functions that, in a natural way, are generated by stable linear dynamical systems and that compose an orthonormal basis for the signal space l/sub 2sup n/. To this end, use is made of balanced realizations of inner transfer functions. The orthogonal functions can be considered as generalizations of, for example, the pulse functions, Laguerre functions, and Kautz functions, and give rise to an alternative series expansion of rational transfer functions. It is shown how we can exploit these generalized basis functions to increase the speed of convergence in a series expansion, i.e., to obtain a good approximation by retaining only a finite number of expansion coefficients. Consequences for identification of expansion coefficients are analyzed, and a bound is formulated on the error that is made when approximating a system by a finite number of expansion coefficients.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using the Optical Flow to Implement a Relative Virtual Mouse Controlled by Head Movements (2008)

Abstract: The following paper introduces the work conducted to create a relative virtual mouse based on the interpretation of head movements and face gesture through a low cost camera and the optical flow of the images. This virtual device is designed specifically as an alternative noncontact pointer for people with mobility impairments in the upper extremities and reduced head control. The proposed virtual device was compared with a conventional mouse, a touchpad and a digital joystick. Validation results show performances close to a digital joystick but far away from a conventional mouse.
A study on the germination and growth of Leguminosae, especially with reference to small and large seed. (1901)

Practical experience has shown the value of giving much attention to the subject of seed selection. While it is true that the greater number of farmers pay no attention to seed selection, nevertheless the careful farmer and horticulturist is particular about the kind of seed that he plants. And this is especially true of crops like corn, wheat, cotton, oats and potatoes. The majority of farmers pick their seed at random, often without paying any attention to the pedigree or vitality, with the result that their crop is very much reduced. The fact that Dr. Stubbs had increased the sugar per cent, of the sugar cane grown in Louisiana by careful selection, thus making it a profitable industry, is a good illustration of what can be done by careful and intelligent selection.
Endogenous substrate oxidation during exercise and variations in breath 13CO2/12CO2 (1993)

This study attempted to induce a major shift in the utilization of endogenous substrates during exercise in men by the use of a potent inhibitor of adipose tissue lipolysis, Acipimox, and to see to what extent this affects the 13C/12C ratio in expired air CO2. Six healthy volunteers exercised for 3 h on a treadmill at approximately 45% of their maximum O2 uptake, 75 min after having ingested either a placebo or 250 mg Acipimox. The rise in plasma free fatty acids and glycerol was almost totally prevented by Acipimox, and no significant rise in the utilization of lipids, evaluated by indirect calorimetry, was observed. Total carbohydrate oxidation averaged 128 +/- 17 (placebo) and 182 +/- 21 g/3 h (Acipimox). Conversely, total lipid oxidation was 84 +/- 5 (placebo) and 57 +/- 6 g/3 h (Acipimox; P < 0.01). Under placebo, changes in expired air CO2 delta 13C were minimal, with only a 0.49/1000 significant rise at 30 min. In contrast, under Acipimox, the rise in expired air CO2 delta 13C averaged 1/1000 and was significant throughout the 3-h exercise bout; in these conditions calculation of a "pseudooxidation" of an exogenous sugar naturally or artificially enriched in 13C, but not ingested, would have given an erroneous value of 19.8 +/- 2.6 g/3 h. Thus under conditions of extreme changes in endogenous substrate utilization, an appropriate control experiment is mandatory when studying exogenous substrate oxidation by 13C-labeled substrates and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry measurements on expired air CO2.
Tannins in <I>Artemisia montana, A.princeps</I> and Related Species of Plant (1986)

The active principles of Artemisia montana and A. princeps as “tannin” of these species were isolated and identified as 3, 5-, 3, 4- and 4, 5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acids. The results of relative astringency based on geraniin (RAG) and relative affinity to methylene blue based on geraniin (RMBG) value determination, quantitation of these compounds by high performance liquid chromatography and two-dimensional thin layer chromatography showed that the activity of the extracts of these species are mainly due to these components. Although a comparatively small amount of chlorogenic acid was also isolated, the low values of RAG and RMBG indicate that it is almost indifferent to the activity as “tannin” of these species. Fairly abundant presence of these caffeetannins was also found in the hair (moxa) on the leaf of A. montana. The distribution of these caffeetannins in the other species of Artemisia and in the species of several Genera in Compositae, showed that the species which have been used as hemostatics generally contain caffeetannin of composition similarly to those of A. montana and A. princeps and markedly different from that in coffee.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in human epithelial cancer cell lines. (1982)

Specific, high-affinity cytosolic receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 have been demonstrated in five human cancer cell lines. The cell lines were derived from tumors of breast, lung, cervix, and melanotic and amelanotic melanomas. Binding affinity (Kd) of the receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were all approximately 0.2 nM, and receptor content ranged from 21 to 174 fmol/mg cytosol protein. The receptors from all five cell lines sedimented at 3.2S on sucrose density gradients and exhibited preferential affinity for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 compared to other vitamin D metabolites.
Collaborative mission planning for UAV cluster to optimize relay distance (2013)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) coordinated path planning and intercommunication for visual exploration of a geographical region has recently become crucial. Multiple UAVs cover larger area than a single UAV and eliminate blind spots. To improve the surveillance, survivability and quality of the communication, we propose two algorithms for the route planning of UAV cluster operated in obstacle rich environment: (i) Multiple Population Genetic Algorithm (MPGA) (ii) Relay Selection Criteria (RSC). The main objective of MPGA is to minimize the total mission time while maintaining an optimal distance for communication between the neighboring nodes. MPGA utilizes evolutionary speciation techniques with a novel Feasible Population Creation Method (FPCM) and enhanced Inter-species Crossover Mechanism (ISCM) to obtain diversified routes in remarkably short time. In obtaining collision-free optimum paths, UAVs are subjected to constraints such as limited communication range, maximum maneuverability and fuel capacity. In addition to the path planning, RSC is developed for selection of UAVs relay nodes that is based on the location of the relay relative to source and destination. It is crucial since the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the link significantly depends on the location of the selected relay. In this paper, path planning and relay allocation algorithms are combined to have a seamless high quality monitoring of the region and to provide superior Quality of Service (QoS) for audio-video applications. Also, simulations in different operation zones with a cluster of up to six UAVs are performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithms both in optimality and computation time.
Selective laser melting of aluminum die-cast alloy—Correlations between process parameters, solidification conditions, and resulting mechanical properties (2015)

The additive production technology selective laser melting (SLM) is used for direct fabrication of metal-based functional components. SLM is one of the powder-bed based AM technologies. SLM is well established in serial production for dental restoration as well as for tooling. Main concern for industrial application remains the scope of processible materials and resulting mechanical properties. Toward processing of aluminum alloys commercially available systems exist with comparability in terms of applied process parameters and resulting mechanical properties remaining a challenge. Often no data are available concerning process parameters and mechanical properties. This holds especially for high-power SLM systems with increased build rates as a result of extended laser powers of up to 1 kW. Especially when processing aluminum alloys, the solidification conditions significantly affect the resulting microstructure in terms of size of dendrites and grains. Consequently, the present paper systematically investigates and correlates the process parameters (e.g., laser power, scan speed, layer orientation, preheating, etc.) on the microstructure (electron backscatter diffraction and texture) and resultant mechanical properties (hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and breaking elongation) for aluminum die-cast alloys. At this, underlying phenomena for typically observed anisotropy of mechanical properties in dependence on layer orientation are further specified.
Conventions for digital data communication link design (1967)

Transmitting digital data over communication lines is a fundamental requirement in a growing variety of data processing applications. As the kinds of applications have grown, so has the variety of terminal devices, data codes, and communication facilities.
Dichotic presentation of speech signal using a critical filter bank for bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment (1998)

Sensorineural hearing-impaired listeners face a particular problem in view of a decrease in the frequency resolving capacity of an ear due to the spread of masking of frequency components by adjacent frequency components. Filtering a speech signal by a bank of critical band filters and adding signals from alternate bands for presenting to the two ears is likely to reduce the effect of the spread of masking along the cochlear partition, and thus may help in improving the speech intelligibility. This processing scheme has been implemented with 18 critical bands for experimental evaluation through listening tests. The scheme was found to be helpful in improving recognition scores and transmission of speech features in listening tests with normal hearing subjects with simulated sensorineural hearing loss. Listening tests were carried out using 12 vowel–consonants–vowel and consonant–vowel nonsense syllables presented in quiet (no masking noise), on ten subjects with mild to very severe sensorineural hearing loss. The stimulus response confusion matrices were analyzed using relative improvement in recognition scores and information transmission analysis. The relative improvement in recognition scores is up to 25%. Information transmission analysis indicated that the overall improvement is contributed to by improvements in transmission of the speech feature of voicing, place, and manner. The mean response time has also been found to decrease significantly.
Unconventional topological phase transitions in helical Shiba chains (2014)

Chains of magnetic impurities placed on a superconducting substrate and forming helical spin order provide a promising venue for realizing a topological superconducting phase. An effective tight-binding description of such helical Shiba chains involves long-range (power-law) hopping and pairing amplitudes which induce an unconventional topological critical point. At the critical point, we find exponentially localized Majorana bound states with a short localization length unrelated to a topological gap. Away from the critical point, this exponential decay develops a power-law tail. Our analytical results have encouraging implications for experiment.
A Proposal for a Common Minimal Topic Set in Introductory Biology Courses for Majors (2011)

A common complaint among instructors of introductory biology is that the courses cover too much material. Without a national consensus specifying which topics are essential, instructors are leery of excluding material. A survey was administered to two-year college and four-year college and university section members of the National Association of Biology Teachers to identify the topics and skills that college and university biology instructors believe students completing introductory biology should know and comprehend. Analysis identified a strong consensus for 20 topics and seven skills that should be included in all year-long introductory college biology course sequences for majors.
Non-planar log-periodic antenna feed for integration with a cryogenic microwave amplifier (2003)

The bandwidth of a microwave reflector telescope is limited by the size and figure accuracy of the mirror elements and by the feed which couples focused radiation to the receiver. A single or hybrid-mode feedhorn can efficiently illuminate a telescope aperture with low ohmic loss. Its gain varies quadratically with frequency, however, limiting its effective bandwidth to less than an octave. A log-periodic antenna (LP) can illuminate a telescope aperture over multi-octave bandwidths, but it has greater spillover and ohmic loss than a well-designed feedhorn. This paper describes a non-planar log-periodic antenna feed to which cryogenic electronics can be attached without the need for a long, lossy section of transmission line. With appropriate reflector optics to minimize defocusing with phase travel and baffles to redirect sidelobes onto the sky, this antenna offers a low noise, wideband alternative microwave feed for astronomical and SETI applications. It is currently being adapted for use on the Allen telescope array.