gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of <i>N</i>‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorophenyl)‐maleimide (1997)

Abstract A novel fluorine‐containing polymer, poly[ N ‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorophenyl)maleimide], was prepared by the anionic polymerization of N ‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorophenyl)maleimide (PFPMI). Anionic polymerization with alkali metal tert ‐butoxides gave poly(PFPMI) in 14–32% yield. Phenyllithium and sec ‐butyllithium also afforded poly(PFPMI). No polymer was obtained with a radical initiator such as 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile. The polymerization took place only via the vinylene group of PFPMI and no appreciable side‐reaction occurred. The obtained poly(PFPMI) shows unimodal molecular weight distribution and begins to decompose at 325°C.
Two-Dimensional Structures of Anthracene Derivatives: Photodimerization and Host−Guest Chemistry (2010)

By using a simple anthracene derivative with four alkoxy tails, a two-dimensional patterned surface was fabricated. The two-dimensional structures were directly visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the solid/liquid interface. The anthracene derivative formed highly ordered structures displaying cavities into which solvent molecules of 1-phenyloctane were coadsorbed. The functionality of the patterned surface was demonstrated by activating host-guest chemistry as the solvent molecules could be replaced by coronene, whose size is almost identical to the cavities formed by the anthracene derivative. Furthermore, [4 + 4] photodimerization of the anthracene derivative was performed at the solid/liquid interface and revealed that the physical height and electron density of the states were changed, resulting in the increase of an apparent height in the STM images. We demonstrate thus that the porous network of the two-dimensional pattern created by the anthracene derivative can be applied for selectively incorporating guest molecules and for photoprocessing.
Fiber-optic hydrophone array for acoustic surveillance in the littoral (2005)

We describe a fibre-optic hydrophone array system architecture that can be tailored to meet the underwater acoustic surveillance requirements of the military, counter terrorist and customs authorities in protecting ports and harbours, offshore production facilities or coastal approaches. Physically the fibre-optic hydrophone array is in the form of a lightweight cable, enabling rapid deployment from a small vessel. Based upon an optical architecture of time and wavelength multiplexed interferometric hydrophones, the array is comprised of a series of hydrophone sub-arrays. Using multiple sub-arrays, extended perimeters many tens of kilometres in length can be monitored. Interrogated via a long (~50km) optical fibre data link, the acoustic date is processed using the latest open architecture sonar processing platform, ensuring that acoustic targets below, on and above the surface are detected, tracked and classified. Results obtained from an at sea trial of a 96-channel hydrophone array are given, showing the passive detection and tracking of a diver, small surface craft and big ocean going ships beyond the horizon. Furthermore, we describe how the OptaMarine fibre-optic hydrophone array fits into an integrated multi-layered approach to port and harbour security consisting of active sonar for diver detection and hull imaging, as well as thermal imaging and CCTV for surface monitoring. Finally, we briefly describe a complimentary land perimeter intruder detection system consisting of an array of fibre optic accelerometers.
Biochemical markers and skeletal metastases (2000)

Biochemical markers of bone resorption and bone formation are abnormally raised in the blood and urine of patients with metastatic bone disease. Markers of bone collagen breakdown, such as N-telopeptide, as well as markers of osteoblast function, such as bone specific alkaline phosphatase, appear to be of use in assessing and managing patients with malignancies that metastasize to bone. In this study, both NTx and BAP showed a significant correlation with both the presence of bone metastases and the extent of skeletal involvement. Biochemical markers of bone remodeling can also be used to guide decision making regarding the treatment of metastatic bone disease and to determine the effectiveness of therapy for patients with cancer to bone whose broad-based symptoms make it difficult to discern true response to therapy.
Use of the Zebrafish ( <i>Danio rerio</i> ) to Define Hematopoiesis (1998)

Hematopoiesis in the vertebrate is characterized by the induction of ventral mesoderm to form hematopoietic stem cells and the eventual differentiation of these progenitors to form the peripheral blood lineages. Several genes have been implicated in the differentiation and development of hematopoietic and vascular progenitor cells, yet our understanding of the discrete steps involved in the induction of these cells from the ventral mesoderm is still incomplete. One method of delineating these processes is based on the use of lower vertebrates. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an especially robust vertebrate system for both isolating and characterizing genes involved in these processes. Hematopoietic mutants have been generated with defects in many of the steps of both the primitive and definitive hematopoietic programs. Cloning of the genes that underlie these mutations should yield valuable details of hematopoiesis and may have therapeutic implications for bone marrow transplantation and stem cell gene therapy.
Emerging Hurricane Evacuation Issues: Hurricane Floyd and South Carolina (2002)

A survey of coastal South Carolina residents addressed the role of household decisions in amplifying demand on transportation infrastructure during 1999’s Hurricane Floyd evacuation. The evacuation rate averaged 65% (±4.2%) in coastal evacuation areas. Three major findings reveal that traffic problems are becoming a major consideration in whether people evacuate. How they evacuate is emerging as an issue for evacuation traffic planning. First, about 25% of households took two or more cars. Nearly 50% of evacuees left in one 6-h period. Major traffic pressure developed on the Interstate system, particularly Interstate-26. Second, while the majority of respondents carried road maps, only 51% of that group used them to determine their route. Many decided to stay on the Interstate despite the congestion. Finally, the majority of South Carolinian residents traveled distances greater than necessary for safe sheltering and more than in past hurricanes. Transportation issues will become more important in coastal evacuations as traffic problems impinge on peoples’ ability to get out of harm’s way and ultimately influence their decisions to evacuate.
The simulation of pressurized water reactor NPP physical process (2009)

The simulations of pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant (NPP) is a very important domain in the society of nuclear power, and there are several problems with the current PWR-NPP simulations. First, the current physical modeling of PWR is over-simplified which can bring convenience of implementation, while severe inaccuracy is prone to be incurred at some critical situation. Second, with the development of technology, some devices are introduced into the PWR, which are not taken into consideration in the current model. To solve these problems, this paper deduced the transfer functions that can properly describe the physical process of PWP-NPP, and a Matlab implementation was given. The experiments basically demonstrated the operation of PWR-NPP and gave promising results.
Criteria for Identifying Wound Infection (1998)

Criteria used to identify infection may often be restricted to the presence of pus, or pus with inflammation<sup>1</sup>. Traditional criteria have been used in many surveys and their advantage is that they are simple, reproducible and easily recognised by different observers. However, identification of infection may be difficult in some circumstances, and identifying patients who are likely to develop infection is rare.
Serotonin Levels and Platelet Uptake during Premenstrual Tension (1984)

Premenstrual tension was studied in 16 females, using both biochemical and psychological parameters during the pre- and postmenstrual phases. Uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and the levels of 5-HT in platelet-rich plasma and platelet-poor plasmas were determined. Degrees of distress experienced pre- and postmenstrually were quantified via the Moos menstrual distress questionnaire. The mean Vmax was significantly lower during the premenstrual (tension) phase (8.2 +/- 0.9 pmol/min) as compared to the postmenstrual (normal) phase (14.4 +/- 3.2 pmol/min). There was no significant difference in the Km values. A highly significant (p less than 0.001) reduction in the levels of 5-HT in platelet-rich plasma (-23.2%) and platelet-poor plasma (-19.1%) was found during the premenstrual phase. There were correlations between the kinetic parameters of 5-HT uptake and some of the Moos symptoms.
Texture: Is it still an overlooked food attribute? (1990)

Consumers are becoming more demanding in their food choices. The food industry is meeting this demand by producing more flavorful foods. This article discusses the role of the texture of foods
Speciation of Selenium Compounds from High Selenium Broccoli Is Affected by the Extracting Solution (2003)

The speciation of selenium compounds from high selenium broccoli (876 μg/g) depends on the extraction conditions. Twenty-seven extraction conditions were explored involving nine different buffering systems between pH 1 and pH 9. In nonbuffered extractions of broccoli, more than 40% of the spiked Se-methylselenocysteine was not recovered in the filtered solution. However, in buffered extractions, losses for Se-methylselenocysteine ranged from 10 to 20%. Mass balance indicated that approximately 30% of naturally occurring selenium in broccoli samples was volatilized and lost to the atmosphere when buffered extractions were made. Solid phase extractions indicated that the polarity of selenium compounds in solution was also dependent on the extracting solution. High-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was used to show that selenium compounds extracted from broccoli reacted with the extracting solution. Compound identities were assigned by matching retention times to standards of selenite, selenate, methylseleninic acid, Se-methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and the selenonic acids of Se-methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine. Changes in speciation were analyte-, pH-, and buffer-dependent, but generally, a higher pH resulted in more highly oxidized selenium compounds. For valid conclusions to be drawn from the analytical data, the extraction conditions should match the conditions present in the matrix or be specified for a particular application such as a simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Keywords: Selenomethionine; Se-methylselenocysteine; methylseleninic acid; HPLC; ICP-MS; plant
Perfluorinated Resinsulfonic Acid (Nafion-H®) Catalysis in Synthesis (1986)

Revue des applications catalytiques du Nafion H et de ses derives modifies en synthese organique
Falsely Elevated Cardiac Troponin I Levels (2007)

The measurement of cardiac troponins (cTn) is of considerable usefulness in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Abnormal levels of serum cTn are occasionally found in patients who are not suffering a myocardial infarction. This may be observed in several well-known situations including pulmonary embolism, pericarditis, myocarditis, coronary vasospasm, sepsis, congestive heart failure, supraventricular tachycardia with hemodynamic compromise, re-nal insufficiency, and prolonged strenuous endurance exercise. Endogenous antibodies such as heterophile antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and other autoantibodies are known to interfere with the immunoassay measurements of many different analytes, including the widely used Abbot AxSYM cTnI analyzer. Other sources of circulating antibodies include immunotherapies, vaccinations, or blood transfusions that may interfere with these immunoassays as well. We examine the case of a 48-year-old man with a history of hypercholesterolemia and obesity who presented with chest pain and was found to have elevated Tn I levels on two separate occasions. Further work-up revealed that the Tn I levels were spuriously elevated because the patient's blood revealed a normal cTnI level when mixed with polyethylene glycol to inactivate any antibodies interfering with the cTnI assay.
Progress on Detection of Liquid Explosives Using Ultra-Low Field MRI (2011)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods are widely used in medicine, chemistry and industry. Over the past several years there has been increasing interest in performing NMR and MRI in the ultra-low field (ULF) regime, with measurement field strengths of 10-100 microTesla and pre-polarization fields of 30-50 mTesla. The real-time signal-to-noise ratio for such measurements is about 100. Our group at LANL has built and demonstrated the performance of SQUID-based ULF NMR/MRI instrumentation for classification of materials and detection of liquid explosives via their relaxation properties measured at ULF, using <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> frequency dispersion. We are also beginning to investigate the performance of induction coils as sensors. Here we present recent progress on the applications of ULF MR to the detection of liquid explosives, in imaging and relaxometry.
Synthesis of N-Demethyl-N-substituted 14b-Hydroxy-isomorphine and Dihydroisomorphine Derivatives (1993)

Some new representatives (3e-3h, 5g) of a new group of structurally related morphine-agonist and antagonist compounds have been prepared in stereochemically homogeneous forms. Application of the Mitsunobu-reaction for suitable codeine derivatives (1a-1d) gave the benzoates (2a-2d) of the hitherto unknown C-6 iso-compounds, which were converted into the desired isocodeines (3b-3d) by means of alkaline hydrolysis. O-Demethylation of these derivatives afforded the corresponding morphine analogues. The preparation of 3e was also carried out from 1f via compound (2e). A hitherto unknown N-demethylation also allowed the conversion of 3a and 5a into the target compounds. With the exception of N-allyl derivatives, the dihydro analogues were obtained by the hydrogenation of the C 7 -C 8 double bond
Methamphetamine Treatment Affects Blood and Liver <i>S</i>‐Adenosylmethionine (SAM) in Mice: Correlation with Dopamine Depletion in the Striatum<sup>a</sup> (1998)

Methamphetamine (METH) is a major drug of abuse which causes neurotoxicity by depleting dopamine, its metabolites, high-affinity dopamine uptake sites and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the striatum. Dopamine depletion and reduced dopamine transit are associated with depression. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is the chief methyl donor used in dopamine and other neurotransmitter metabolism in mammals. Low SAM is associated with depression and other psychological and neurological disorders in humans. SAM is used to treat depression and some other neurological and psychiatric disorders. The present study was designed to determine if single or multiple doses of METH induce alterations in blood or liver SAM in mice and if these correlate with dopamine levels in the striatum. Adult male C57 mice were injected intraperitoneally with either single (1 x 40 mg/kg) or multiple (4 x 10 mg/kg) doses of METH. Animals were sacrificed at various intervals. A single injection of METH resulted in slightly higher blood SAM levels at 4 hr. Multiple doses of METH resulted in decreased hepatic and blood SAM levels at 72 hr. Blood SAM returned to control levels by 1 wk. Published work shows that dopamine levels increase hours after a single injection of METH, whereas dopamine decreases days after multiple injections of METH. These present data clearly demonstrate that METH dosing leads to significant alterations in liver and blood SAM and that these changes in SAM levels correlate with changes in striatal dopamine levels.
Microwave Oscillators Using Disk-Seal Tubes (1947)

Some practical aspects of microwave oscillators using disk-seal tubes are discussed. Typical design and performance data are given. A general small-signal oscillator theory is presented and applied to the re-entrant disk-seal-tube microwave oscillator. It is shown how information on frequency of oscillation, tuning, and frequency stability can be obtained.
1-Aminocyclobutanecarboxylic Acid Derivatives as Novel Structural Elements in Bioactive Peptides:  Application to Tuftsin Analogs (1996)

Four novel 2,4-methano amino acids (MAAs, 1-aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acids) were synthesized. These include the basic MAA analogs of lysine (16), ornithine (5), and arginine (6) and the neutral methanovaline (22), related to proline. The above MAAs, as well as the MAA analog of homothreonine (7), were incorporated into the peptide chain of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg, known to enhance several biological activities mediated by phagocytic cells. The synthetic methano tuftsin analogs were assayed for their ability to stimulate interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion by mouse peritoneal macrophages and for their stability in human serum toward enzymatic degradation. It was found that, at 2 x 10(-7) M, [MThr1]tuftsin (24) and an isomer of [MVal3]tuftsin (27a) were considerably more active than the parent peptide in augmentation of cytokine release. [MOrn2]Tuftsin (25) was equally potent. The analogs [MThr1]tuftsin (24) and [MOrn2]tuftsin (25), both pertaining to the proteolytically sensitive Thr-Lys bond of tuftsin, exhibited high resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis as compared to tuftsin. Using specific rabbit anti-tuftsin antibodies in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that none of the MAA analogs can cross-react with tuftsin. It may indicate that the peptides assume global structures different than that of tuftsin.
Demonstration of methane spectroscopy using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser at 1.68 µm with up to 5 MHz repetition rate (2002)

An electrically pumped InP-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) emitting at 1.685 µm (5935 cm−1) was used to probe rovibrational transitions of methane in the 2ν3 band at pressures ranging from 10 mbar to 1.3 bar. For the first time a long-wavelength VCSEL at 1.68 µm was used for the demonstration of high-speed gas sensing at repetition rates as high as 5 MHz. The observed tuning rate at 1 MHz was 5.2 cm−1 µs−1. The maximum continuous current tuning range was more than 16 cm−1 (4.5 nm), which is very useful for measurements in high-pressure environments. At 1 MHz the tuning range was as large as 2.6 cm−1, at 5 MHz it was still approximately 0.36 cm−1. The measured tuning rates of the VCSEL were −3.05 cm−1 mA−1 (+0.86 nm mA−1) and −0.40 cm−1 K−1 (+0.11 nm K−1). Survey spectra measured with the VCSEL were compared to calculations using the HITRAN2000 spectroscopic database and found to be in good agreement. A VCSEL was directly contacted on a section of its wafer to demonstrate 'on-chip' testing ability as opposed to edge-emitting lasers that have to be singularized and individually mounted prior to characterization for spectroscopic applications. It is expected that VCSELs will considerably expand the range of operation for diode lasers in rapid in situ species concentration measurements because of their ability of fast and far mode-hop free single longitudinal and transverse mode tuning properties.
High performance DSP software using data-flow graph transformations (2002)

The paper presents an overview of transformations for DSP programs given in form of coarse-grain data-flow graphs. The goal is to produce a functionally equivalent data-flow graph with improved characteristics, regarding modeling and/or implementation of DSP software. Retiming, unfolding, vectorization, clustering as well as node/arc set extensions are discussed. As an example, an application of the presented transformations to the design of a satellite receiver is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A TCSC model for the power flow solution of the power transmission system of Vietnam (2009)

This paper discusses the capability of a TCSC to control active power flows on compensated power transmission lines. A TCSC model that is suitable for the steady-state power flow solution is implemented in a load flow program using an extension of the standard Newton-Raphson load flow. This model is tested on an existing power transmission system in Vietnam. The results show that control of the active power flow using a TCSC can solve the steady-state load flow problems in the compensated lines. The computations clearly show that the TCSC can influence the transfer capacity in the Vietnamese power system in a positive way.
An Improved Shape-Based Arbitrary Shape ROI Coding Method with SA-DWT in JPEG2000 (2006)

The JPEG2000 image coding standard supports two region-of-interest (ROI) coding methods: the maximum shift (Maxshift) method and the general scaling based method. This paper extends the general scaling based method of JPEG2000, and presents an effective ROI coding method based on shape coding with shape-adaptive discrete wavelet transforms (SA-DWT) applied to the arbitrary shape ROI and background respectively. The proposed method not only allows the coding of multiple arbitrary shape ROI, but also the image quality of ROI boundary will not decrease for the wavelet coefficients shifting of background. Coding results illustrate the performance of the proposed coding method.
The novel melphalan prodrug J1 inhibits neuroblastoma growth<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i> (2007)

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. The activity of J1 (l-melphalanyl-p-l-fluorophenylalanine ethyl ester), an enzymatically activated melphalan prodrug, was evaluated in neuroblastoma models in vitro and in vivo. Seven neuroblastoma cell lines with various levels of drug resistance were screened for cytotoxicity of J1 alone or in combination with standard cytotoxic drugs, using a fluorometric cytotoxicity assay. J1 displayed high cytotoxic activity in vitro against all neuroblastoma cell lines, with IC(50) values in the submicromolar range, significantly more potent than melphalan. The cytotoxicity of J1, but not melphalan, could be significantly inhibited by the aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin. J1 induced caspase-3 cleavage and apoptotic morphology, had additive effects in combination with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, and vincristine, and synergistically killed otherwise drug-resistant cells when combined with etoposide. Athymic rats and mice carrying neuroblastoma xenografts [SH-SY5Y, SK-N-BE(2)] were treated with equimolar doses of melphalan, J1, or no drug, and effects on tumor growth and tissue morphology were analyzed. Tumor growth in vivo was significantly inhibited by J1 compared with untreated controls. Compared with melphalan, J1 more effectively inhibited the growth of mice with SH-SY5Y xenografts, was associated with higher caspase-3 activation, fewer proliferating tumor cells, and significantly decreased mean vascular density. In conclusion, the melphalan prodrug J1 is highly active in models of neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo, encouraging further clinical development in this patient group.