gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Obtaining and characterizing a biodegradable polymer from cassava starch (2006)

In this investigation a biodegradable polymer is obtained from cassava starch by processing mixtures of modified starch with glycerin and water as plasticizers, using an open mill and a single screw extruder. The variables to be controlled during extrusion are: temperature profile, torque, and spindle rotation speed. Mechanical and physicochemical characteristics are evaluated by stress tests, thermal analysis of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transformed Infrared Analysis (FTIR) and morphology.
Radioenzymatic assay of catecholamines in plasma after a preliminary solvent extraction compared with an analogous liquid-chromatographic method. (1988)

Catechol-borate complexation and ion-pair formation combined with organic solvent extraction as preliminaries to radioenzymatic assay (REA) with catechol-O-methyltransferase-catalyzed methylation allows the quantification of catecholamines in plasma samples of any volume. We attained improved detection limits for 1-mL samples: 9 ng/L for norepinephrine (NE), 8 ng/L for epinephrine (E), and 11 ng/L for dopamine (DA). Precision data resemble those obtained by REA for small-volume samples. Comparison with a liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (LCEC) technique showed the two methods to be equivalent for NE and E determinations, but DA estimations were lower by REA than by LCEC.
Complement-Mediated Hemolysis in Agar Gel (1966)

Summary Complement and rabbit anti-sheep hemolysin diffusing against each other in sheep erythrocyte-containing agar gel form two zones of hemolysis which can be related to γG and γM hemolytic antibodies. Similarly, two hemolytic zones were observed in immunoelectrophoresis experiments in which the hemolysin was electrophoretically separated in an agar medium containing sheep erythrocytes and in which lysis was induced by diffusion of complement. In many experiments, the γG hemolytic zone was separated into two areas which indicated the presence of two molecular species of γG hemolytic antibodies. This finding was confirmed by the demonstration of two antigenic types of γG antibodies separated from sheep erythrocytes. Anti-sheep hemolysins of rabbit and human origin formed circular zones of hemolysis when they were diffusing into agar containing sheep erythrocytes and complement. These zones could be reduced in size by allowing antisera with hetero- or isoantibodies for γG-globulins to diffuse against the hemolysins. The practical application of hemolysis in agar gel was explored in studying lysis of bovine erythrocytes by infectious mononucleosis sera and lysis of human erythrocytes by the hemolytic variety of human anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
Efficient Conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to Methanol Catalyzed by Three Dehydrogenases Co-encapsulated in an Alginate−Silica (ALG−SiO<sub>2</sub>) Hybrid Gel (2006)

In this study, the conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol was realized through a novel biochemical approach that was catalyzed by three dehydrogenases: formate dehydrogenase (FateDH), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FaldDH), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The dehydrogenases were encapsulated in an alginate−silica (ALG−SiO2) hybrid gel, which was prepared through in situ growth of the silica precursor within an alginate solution, which was followed by Ca2+ cross-linking. Methanol yields that were catalyzed by free dehydrogenases, and by dehydrogenases immobilized in pure alginate (ALG) gel and in ALG−SiO2 hybrid gel, were 98.8%, 71.3%, and 98.1%, respectively. Furthermore, methanol yield that was catalyzed by dehydrogenases in an ALG−SiO2 composite could be retained as high as 76.2% after 60 days storage and as high as 78.5% after 10 times recycling. The significantly improved catalytic properties of the dehydrogenases in the ALG−SiO2 composite were attributed to the creation of the appropriate immobilizing microenvironment: high hydrophilicity, moderate rigidity and flexibility, ideal diffusion characteristics, and optimized cage confinement effect.
Doxorubicin Induced Nephrotoxicity: Protective Effect of Nicotinamide (2011)

Introduction. Nephrotoxicity is one of the important side effects of anthracycline antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotinamide (NAD), an antioxidant agent, against nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DXR). Methods. The rats were divided into control, NAD alone, doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and DXR plus NAD (200 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. At the end of the 10th day, kidney tissues were removed for light microscopy and analysis. The level of tissues' catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) activities were determined. Results. The activities of CAT, GPx, and GSH were decreased, and Po was increased in renal tissue of doxorubicin group compared with other groups. The tissue of the doxorubicin group showed some histopathological changes such as glomerular vacuolization and degeneration, adhesion to Bowman's capsule and thickening and untidiness of tubular and glomerular capillary basement membranes. Histopathological examination showed that NAD prevented partly DXR-induced tubular and glomerular damage. Conclusions. Pretreatment with NAD protected renal tissues against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity. Preventive effects of NAD on these renal lesions may be via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action.
Réactions avec le diazométhane d'esters cinnamylidène maloniques ou cyanacétiques méthylés ou phénylés en γ des groupements fonctionnels et des malononitriles correspondants. Thermolyse des pyrazolines obtenues (1977)

The syntheses of cinnamylidene malonic or cyanacetic esters, bearing a methyl or a phenyl group in the position γ to the withdrawing groups, were achieved. The configurations of the various isomers were established and the conformations are discussed. Diazomethane adds exclusively to the α,β double bond of these dipolarophiles in only one orientation. The thermolysis of the resulting 1-pyrazoline was studied.
CD48 as a novel molecular target for antibody therapy in multiple myeloma (2011)

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs are desirable for the improvement of multiple myeloma (MM) treatment. In this study, we found for the first time that CD48 was highly expressed on MM plasma cells. In 22 out of 24 MM patients, CD48 was expressed on more than 90% of MM plasma cells at significantly higher levels than it was on normal lymphocytes and monocytes. CD48 was only weakly expressed on some CD34(+) haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and not expressed on erythrocytes or platelets. We next examined whether CD48 could serve as a target antigen for mAb therapy against MM. A newly generated in-house anti-CD48 mAb induced mild antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and marked complement-dependent cytotoxicity against not only MM cell lines but also primary MM plasma cells in vitro. Administration of the anti-CD48 mAb significantly inhibited tumour growth in severe combined immunodeficient mice inoculated subcutaneously with MM cells. Furthermore, anti-CD48 mAb treatment inhibited growth of MM cells transplanted directly into murine bone marrow. Finally and importantly, we demonstrated that the anti-CD48 mAb did not damage normal CD34(+) haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. These results suggest that the anti-CD48 mAb has the potential to become an effective therapeutic mAb against MM.
Carbonization and graphitization of polyimide films: Effect of size of leaving group at imidization (1998)

Polyamide acid was prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride and p-phenylenediamine and was then reacted with NaH and various kinds of alkyl halides to transform into alkyl esters. The cast films were imidized as fixed on glass substrate to give polyimide films and were then carbonized by heating to 900°C. The electrical conductivity of the carbonized films decreased with the increase of the size of the leaving group at the imidization step. The carbonized films were further heated to 2800°C for graphitization. Their degrees of graphitization and orientation of the graphite crystallite as a function of weight loss at imidization were studied by X-ray diffraction measurement at room temperature and magnetoresistance measurement at liquid nitrogen temperature. Both measurements clearly indicate that the graphitized films prepared from polyamide acid alkyl ester have high degrees of graphitization. It was also made clear that the orientation of the graphitized films increased with the increase of the size of the leaving group at the imidization step. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci John Wiley & Sons, Inc.J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1613–1620, 1998
Visual Acuity and Optical Parameters in Progressive-Power Lenses (2006)

Ocular aberrations reduce optical quality difference between corridor and peripheral zones of PPLs. In the same way, VA through the corridor is similar to that of eyes without a lens and it decreases slowly toward peripheral locations. VA through PPLs is well predicted by the logarithm of metrics directly related with image spread (Log_Vol_PSF or equivalent) of the complete system of the eye with the lens.
Microdynamics and arrest of coarsening during spinodal decomposition in thermoreversible colloidal gels (2015)

Coarsening and kinetic arrest of colloidal systems undergoing spinodal decomposition (SD) is a conserved motif for forming hierarchical, bicontinuous structures. Although the thermodynamic origins of SD in colloids are widely known, the microstructural processes responsible for its coarsening and associated dynamics en route to arrest remain elusive. To better elucidate the underlying large-scale microdynamical processes, we study a colloidal system with moderate-range attractions which displays characteristic features of arrested SD, and study its dynamics during coarsening through a combination of differential dynamic microscopy and real-space tracking. Using these recently developed imaging techniques, we reveal directly that the coarsening arises from collective dynamics of dense domains, which undergo slow, intermittent, and ballistic motion. These collective motions indicate interfacial effects to be the driving force of coarsening. The nature of the gelation enables control of the arrested length scale of coarsening by the depths of quenching into the spinodal regime, which we demonstrate to provide an effective means to control the elasticity of colloidal gels.
Emerging Patient-Driven Health Care Models: An Examination of Health Social Networks, Consumer Personalized Medicine and Quantified Self-Tracking (2009)

A new class of patient-driven health care services is emerging to supplement and extend traditional health care delivery models and empower patient self-care. Patient-driven health care can be characterized as having an increased level of information flow, transparency, customization, collaboration and patient choice and responsibility-taking, as well as quantitative, predictive and preventive aspects. The potential exists to both improve traditional health care systems and expand the concept of health care though new services. This paper examines three categories of novel health services: health social networks, consumer personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking.
Data Privacy Protection Mechanisms in Cloud (2017)

In the cloud computing environment, the privacy of the electronic data is a serious issue that requires special considerations. We have presented a state-of-the-art review of the methodologies and approaches that are currently being used to cope with the significant issue of privacy. We have categorized the privacy-preserving approaches into four categories, i.e., privacy by cryptography, privacy by probability, privacy by anonymization and privacy by ranking. Moreover, we have developed taxonomy of the techniques that have been used to preserve the privacy of the governing data. We also presented a comprehensive comparison of the privacy-preserving approaches from the angle of the privacy-preserving requirements’ satisfaction. Therefore, it is highly desirable that the mechanisms should be developed to deploy efficient auditing and accountability mechanisms that anonymously monitor the utilization of data records and track the provenance to ensure the confidentiality of the data.
Advances in Measurement Technology for Vehicle Lighting Systems (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">There is a need for more extensive photometric data than simply SAE test points. Full isocandela diagrams and other data are needed if advanced design of lighting devices is to be performed. With the development of scientific-based CCD camera photometers, rapid and accurate measurement of such becomes possible. With proper calibration and computer linking, a powerful new tool is provided. This paper describes techniques which give NIST-traceable near-instantaneous photometry for use in the laboratory and factory.</div>
Metaphase Chromosome Tethering Is Necessary for the DNA Synthesis and Maintenance of <i>oriP</i> Plasmids but Is Insufficient for Transcription Activation by Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 1 (2003)

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infects resting B cells, within which it establishes latency as a stable, circular episome with only two EBV components, the cis element oriP and the latently expressed protein EBNA1. It is believed that EBNA1's ability to tether oriP episomes to metaphase chromosomes is required for its stable replication. We created fusions between the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of EBNA1 and the cellular chromatin-binding proteins HMGA1a and HMG1 to determine the minimal requirements for stable maintenance of an oriP-based episome. These two proteins differ in that HMGA1a can associate with metaphase chromosomes but HMG1 cannot. Interestingly, coinciding with metaphase chromosome association, HMGA1a-DBD but not HMG1-DBD supported both the transient replication and stable maintenance of oriP plasmids, with efficiencies quantitatively similar to that of EBNA1. However, HMGA1a-DBD activated transcription from EBNA1-dependent episomal reporter to only 20% of the level of EBNA1. Furthermore, EBNA1 but not HMGA1a-DBD activated transcription from a chromosomally integrated EBNA1-dependent transcription reporter. This indicates that EBNA1 possesses functional domains that support transcription activation independent of its ability to tether episomal oriP plasmids to cellular chromosomes. We provide evidence that metaphase chromosome tethering is a fundamental requirement for maintenance of an oriP plasmid but is insufficient for EBNA1 to activate transcription.
Dynamic modeling of flexure jointed hexapods for control purposes (2003)

A number of researchers have been investigating the use of Stewart platforms (or hexapods) for precision applications. This paper presents a new dynamic model suitable for control of flexure jointed hexapods. Novel contributions include: 1) base acceleration inputs are included; 2) the dynamic model is experimentally verified; 3) the model is developed so that it is suitable for control, and 4) a decoupled force control is derived.
Visualizing the World (2019)

This chapter considers how the rising interest in human rights, humanitarianism, and the humanities has coincided with the arrival of the graphic novel as an object of serious attention in literary studies. To notable effect, comics and graphic novels have in turn taken human rights crises as a central thematic concern: works such as Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis, Magdy El Shafee’s Metro, and the comics of Joe Sacco have all brought international attention to the violence of war, occupation, and political corruption. Paying particular attention to the conjunction of visual, narrative, and textual representations that takes place in the genre, this chapter considers the way in which the graphic novel has taken up both documentary and advocacy functions in regards to human rights.
Preliminary evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of some aroxyacetamides and aroxyethylamines. (2006)

A series of aroxyacetamides and aroxyethylamines were prepared and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold (ScMet) assays and for neurotoxicity (TOX). Most of them exhibited anticonvulsant activity in the MES screen (mice, i.p.) in the doses up to 300 mg/kg b.w. The most active compound was XVI, which given in the dose 100 mg/kg b.w. produced 100% anticonvulsant protection after 0.5 h without neurotoxicity. The most promising compound in the VIa phase (rats, p.o.) was VIII, which produced higher anticonvulsant protection (to 75% at 0.5 h).
Becoming a Strategic Researcher: Increasing your Chances of Long‐Term Success (2007)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Mentors and Role Models Positive Peer Relationships Hot Research Topics Active Professional Engagement Rapid Career Progress Summary
Implementation of a quantum controlled-SWAP gate with photonic circuits (2017)

Quantum information science addresses how the processing and transmission of information are affected by uniquely quantum mechanical phenomena. Combination of two-qubit gates has been used to realize quantum circuits, however, scalability is becoming a critical problem. The use of three-qubit gates may simplify the structure of quantum circuits dramatically. Among them, the controlled-SWAP (Fredkin) gates are essential since they can be directly applied to important protocols, e.g., error correction, fingerprinting, and optimal cloning. Here we report a realization of the Fredkin gate for photonic qubits. We achieve a fidelity of 0.85 in the computational basis and an output state fidelity of 0.81 for a 3-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. The estimated process fidelity of 0.77 indicates that our Fredkin gate can be applied to various quantum tasks.
Proof of Possession to Devices for Onboarding (2018)

This memo specifies a RESTful interface for local deployments to
demonstrate proof of possession to a device or to a manufacturer
authorized signing authority (MASA). This covers the case where a MASA
would not otherwise have knowledge of where a device is deployed, or
when a MASA may not be required. Such knowledge is important to
onboard certain classes of devices, such as those on IEEE 802.11
networks.
Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants: Their Generation, Signal Transduction, and Scavenging Mechanisms (2011)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a by-product of normal cell metabolism in plants; however, under stress conditions, the balance between production and elimination is disturbed. ROS rapidly inactivate enzymes, damage vital cellular organelles in plants, and destroy membranes by inducing the degradation of pigments, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids which ultimately results in cell death. In addition to degrading macromolecules, ROS act as a diffusible signal in signal transduction pathways and also as a secondary messenger in various developmental pathways in plants. Plants possess a complex battery of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defense systems that can protect cells from oxidative damage and scavenge harmful ROS that are produced in excess of those normally required for various metabolic reactions. The mechanism by which ROS is generated in aerobic organisms is poorly understood. This review paper describes the generation, origin, and role of ROS in signal transduction and cell death, and the removal of ROS by antioxidative defense systems in plants during various developmental pathways.
VoiceXML Builder: A Tool for Creating VoiceXML Applications. (2001)

Case mix methods such as diagnosis related groups have become a basis of payment for inpatient hospitalizations in many countries. Specifying cost weight values for case mix system payment has important consequences; recent evidence suggests case mix cost weight inaccuracies influence the supply of some hospital-based services. To begin to address the question of case mix cost weight accuracy, this paper is motivated by the objective of improving the accuracy of cost weight values due to inaccurate or incomplete comorbidity data. The methods are suitable to case mix methods that incorporate disease severity or comorbidity adjustments. The methods are based on the availability of detailed clinical and cost information linked at the patient level and leverage recent results from clinical data audits. A Bayesian framework is used to synthesize clinical data audit information regarding misclassification probabilities into cost weight value calculations. The models are implemented through Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. An example used to demonstrate the methods finds that inaccurate comorbidity data affects cost weight values by biasing cost weight values (and payments) downward. The implications for hospital payments are discussed and the generalizability of the approach is explored.
Histamine H<sub>4</sub>receptor activation enhances LPS‐induced IL‐6 production in mast cells via ERK and PI3K activation (2011)

The histamine H(4) receptor (H(4)R) has been implicated in numerous inflammatory functions. Here it is shown that the receptor can mediate cytokine production from mast cells. Histamine and an H(4)R agonist, JNJ 28610244, induced the production of IL-6 in mouse bone marrow (BM)-derived mast cells. This effect was blocked by two different H(4)R antagonists and was not present in H(4)R-deficient cells. In addition, histamine acting via the H(4) R potentiated LPS-induced IL-6 production. Histamine-induced IL-6 production could be blocked by inhibitors of ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) pathways. Furthermore, it was shown that H(4)R activation can induce phosphorylation of ERK, MEK and AKT. H(4)R activation led to a rapid and transient phosphorylation of these kinases, whereas with LPS the activation occurred at later time points. When both histamine and LPS were added, the phosphorylation was evident at 5 min and persisted for at least 60 min suggesting that changes in the kinetics of kinase activation may be one mechanism driving the signaling interaction between the H(4)R and toll-like receptors. These observations suggest that the H(4)R can synergize with other inflammatory signals to potentiate cytokine production and provides mechanistic information on the role of the H(4)R in inflammation.
P-I-N Photodiodes for Optical Control of Microwave Circuits (2004)

The full-device model of the p-i-n photodiode based on a harmonic balance method and drift-diffusion description of charge carrier transport in semiconductor heterostructure in time domain, taking into account external equivalent circuit, is developed. Computer simulation of p-n junction capacitance and resistance under different optical powers in the frequency range up to 60 GHz and zero bias voltage is presented. The influence of such photodiode design parameters as thickness, concentration, absorption coefficient, and charge carriers' life time of the absorption layer on the p-n junction capacitance ratio under different control optical powers is studied.