gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Measured Voltage Dips in Wind Farms in the Light of the New Grid Codes (2007)

Voltage dips are a major concern for some transmission system operators. With increasing wind farm penetration in power systems, many national grid codes are imposing requirements for uninterrupted generation throughout power system disturbances. The aim of this paper is to present the results of measured voltage dips using two power quality analyzers installed for months in a Spanish wind farm. From the measured voltage waveforms, voltage dips are characterized by extracting dip type and characteristics.
Optimization of micro-controllers by partitioning (1991)

In this paper, we present a new partitioning method for Finite State Machines (FSMs). The method is particularly well suited for μ-controller circuits. It consists in grouping the μ-instructions of the control graph into classes according to a compatibility property of the output values. Only one sequence of output values is then generated for all μ-instructions of a given class. The resulting structure is composed of three machines: a STATE machine which generates the next states, a COMMAND machine and a FILTER machine. The COMMAND outputs and the FILTER outputs are merged via a logical AND to obtain the final outputs. This structure leads to an area reduction of 34 % to 65 % for the examples presented.
AcceleDent Aura does not influence treatment duration or number of visits (2020)

Abstract Background Many techniques and appliances claim to reduce orthodontic treatment time, one of which is micro-vibration applied by the AcceleDent Aura appliance. Objectives The purpose of this study was to report compliance with AcceleDent Aura and to assess any effect on treatment duration, number of visits and bond failures. Methods Forty Class II adolescent subjects were randomly assigned to use the AcceleDent Aura appliance or no AcceleDent Aura device during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances involving maxillary premolar extractions. Compliance was recorded by the AcceleDent Aura appliance and reported for the first 13 months. Overall treatment duration, the number of visits and number of bond failures were also recorded. Results AcceleDent compliance reduced over time from a mean 77.8% usage at the start to a mean of 39.5% by the thirteenth month. There was no difference in the number of bond failures between groups ( p = 0.54) and there was no evidence that the use of the Acceledent Aura appliance influenced treatment duration ( p = 0.26) or the number of visits ( p = 0.56). Conclusions The AcceleDent Aura appliance had no significant effect on treatment duration, number of visits or the number of bond failures. Compliance with the appliance waned significantly over time.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHEMICAL DEICERS (1988)

The ice-penetration and ice-melting characteristics of seven commercially available chemical deicers that were tested at temperatures ranging from 0 deg F to 25 deg F are examined in this paper. The materials tested included four discrete deicing chemicals and three blends: sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, urea, sodium chloride with traces of carboxymethylcellulose, a sodium chloride/potassium blend, and a sodium chloride/urea blend. The ice penetration tests were conducted using a Plexiglas (trademark) dish containing a 1/8-in.-thick layer of ice. Deicers were placed on the ice surface at a selected rate. Melt brine was collected, measured, and reintroduced periodically with a syringe. The extensive data base resulting from the tests was used to compare the several classes of deicers with regard to their ability to melt and penetrate ice as a function of time and temperature, to establish lower temperature limits for deicer use, and to relate observed behavior to chemical and thermochemical properties of deicers.
Neural Networks in Radiologic Diagnosis; I. Introduction and Illustration (1990)

Boone JM, Gross GW, Greco-Hunt V. Neural networks in radiologic diagnosis: I. introduction and illustration. Invest Radiol 1990;25:1012–1016. Artificial neural networks (NNs) process information in a manner similar to the way the human brain is thought to process information. Neural networks have potential application in radiology as an artificial intelligence technique that can provide computer-aided diagnostic assistance for the practicing radiologist. The basic characteristics of NNs and the manner in which information propagates through an NN are discussed in nontechnical language, to assist the diagnostic radiologist in understanding the basic principles of neurocomputing. Computer-aided diagnosis selection in pediatric chest radiography using NNs is discussed in a companion article.
Far Beyond the Usual Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: A Review (2014)

Research investigating biomarkers for early detection, prognosis and the prediction of treatment responses in breast cancer is rapidly expanding. However, no validated biomarker currently exists for use in routine clinical practice, and breast cancer detection and management remains dependent on invasive procedures. Histological examination remains the standard for diagnosis, whereas immunohistochemical and genetic tests are utilized for treatment decisions and prognosis determinations. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review of literature published in PubMed on breast cancer biomarkers between 2009 and 2013. The keywords that were used together were breast cancer, biomarkers, diagnosis, prognosis and drug response. The cited references of the manuscripts included in this review were also screened. We have comprehensively summarized the performance of several biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and predicted drug responses of breast cancer. Finally, we have identified 15 biomarkers that have demonstrated promise in initial studies and several miRNAs. At this point, such biomarkers must be rigorously validated in the clinical setting to be translated into clinically useful tests for the diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of drug responses of breast cancer.
New Method of Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem Based on Real Space Renormalization Theory (1995)

We propose a new method of solving the traveling salesman problem in this Letter. A new technique, whose concept comes from real space renormalization theory, is introduced to solve the combinatorial problem of operation research. Examples of the calculation applied from the 48-cities to the 532-cities problem and a theoretical estimate of the computational effort are presented. It was found that the present method belongs to the group of the fastest computing algorithm of the traveling salesman problem. Throughout this work we show an interesting cross of operation research and statistical physics.
The Reaction Mechanism with Free Energy Barriers at Constant Potentials for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction at the IrO<sub>2</sub> (110) Surface (2016)

How to efficiently oxidize H<sub>2</sub>O to O<sub>2</sub> (oxygen evolution reaction, OER) in photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) is a great challenge due to its complex charge transfer process, high overpotential, and corrosion. So far no OER mechanism has been fully explained atomistically with both thermodynamic and kinetics. IrO<sub>2</sub> is the only known OER catalyst with both high catalytic activity and stability in acidic conditions. This is important because PEC experiments often operate at extreme pH conditions. In this work, we performed first-principles calculations integrated with implicit solvation at constant potentials to examine the detailed atomistic reaction mechanism of OER at the IrO<sub>2</sub> (110) surface. We determined the surface phase diagram, explored the possible reaction pathways including kinetic barriers, and computed reaction rates based on the microkinetic models. This allowed us to resolve several long-standing puzzles about the atomistic OER mechanism.
Introduction to the CFC Problem (1991)

The history and progress of the Montreal Protocol negotiations and the formation, objectives and history of the Pharmaceutical Aerosol CFC Coalition (PACC) in the United States, and its European counterpart, the International Pharmaceutical Aerosol Consortium (IPAC) are discussed within the background of the essential medical use of CFCs in Metered Dose Inhalers.
Targeting of T lymphocytes against egf‐receptor<sup>+</sup> tumor cells by bispecific monoclonal antibodies: Requirement of CD3 molecule cross‐linking for t‐cell activation (1993)

Targeting of T lymphocytes against epidermal growth-factor-receptor (EGF-R)+ tumor cells was achieved by constructing a hybrid hybridoma which secretes an anti-EGF-R/anti-CD3 bispecific monoclonal antibody (biMAb) of hybrid isotype (IgG1/IgG2a). Purification of biMAb molecules from parental anti-EGF-R and anti-CD3 MAbs was performed by protein-A chromatography. The purified biMAb was able to trigger the lysis of EGF-R+ tumor cell lines (A431, IGROV-1, MDA-468 and U-87) and of NIH-3T3 transfectants expressing human EGF-R by cytolytic T lymphocytes, but it was ineffective in the case of EGF-R-negative tumor targets. Normal EGF-R+ cells (keratinocytes and endometrial cells) were also susceptible to biMAb-targeted cytolysis. However, the amount of biMAb required to induce half-maximal cytolysis of tumor cells over-expressing the EGF-R molecule (A431) was considerably lower than that required to induce lysis of EGF-R+ tumor or normal cells which express EGF-R at considerably lower density. The ability of such biMAbs to deliver activation signals to T cells was evaluated by Ca++ mobilization and lymphokine production experiments. The soluble anti-EGF-R/anti-CD3 biMAb failed to induce intracellular Ca++ increases, which occurred only after cross-linking induced by an anti-mouse IgG antibody. Secretion of lymphokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF) was induced by contact of the biMAb-coated effector cells with the relevant tumor target, whereas the soluble biMAb was virtually ineffective. In addition, biMAb-coated effector cells retained the ability to recognize and to lyse EGF-R+ tumor cells for a prolonged period of time. Our data indicate that activation of effector cells targeted by biMAbs can only occur at the tumor site, where cross-linking of surface CD3 molecules is induced by contact with the tumor cells.
Kinetic Measurements of the Turnover Rates of Phenylethylamine and Tryptamine In Vivo in the Rat Brain (1980)

Abstract: The turnover rates of phenylethylamine and tryptamine have been estimated as their rates of accumulation after inhibition of monoamine oxidase by pargyline and were found to be 1.53 nmol/g/h and 0.24 nmol/g/h, respectively. Rate constants for the substrate activities of these amines towards monoamine oxidase were calculated as 100 h −1 and 150 h −1 , respectively. Tryptamine was found to exhibit a biphasic response to increasing pargyline dosage, demonstrating its dual activity to type B and type A monoamine oxidase, for which two rate constants were obtained, k B =100 h −1 and k A =50 h −1 .
p600, a unique protein required for membrane morphogenesis and cell survival (2005)

In this article, we identify and characterize p600, a unique 600-kDa retinoblastoma protein- and calmodulin-binding protein. In the nucleus, p600 and retinoblastoma protein seem to act as a chromatin scaffold. In the cytoplasm, p600 and clathrin form a meshwork structure, which could contribute to cytoskeletal organization and membrane morphogenesis. Reduced expression of p600 with interference RNA abrogates integrin-mediated ruffled membrane formation and, furthermore, prevents activation of integrin-mediated survival pathways. Consequently, knockdown of p600 sensitizes cells to apoptosis induced by cell detachment. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the regulation of membrane-proximal events in tumorigenesis.
The Suitability Of Gps Receivers Update Rates For Navigation Applications (2013)

Navigation is the processes of monitoring and controlling the movement of an object from one place to another. Currently, Global Positioning System (GPS) is the main navigation system used all over the world for navigation applications. GPS receiver receives signals from at least three satellites to locate and display itself. Displayed positioning information is updated continuously. Update rate is the number of times per second that a display is illuminated. The speed of update is governed by receiver update rate. A higher update rate decreases display lag time and improves distance measurements and tracking especially when moving on a curvy route. The majority of GPS receivers used nowadays are updated every second continuously. This period is considered reasonable for some applications while it is long relatively for high speed applications. In this paper, the suitability and feasibility of GPS receiver with different update rates will be evaluated for various applications according to the level of speed and update rate needed for particular applications.
Liver as an ideal target for gene therapy: Expression of CTLA4Ig by retroviral gene transfer (2002)

We had established the gene delivery model in rat with auxiliary partial liver transplantation. Expression of the exogenous gene delivered by retrovirus was demonstrated in the liver with secretion of diffusible protein in the bloodstream. The present study provides important information for gene transfer using the liver to produce the target protein in situ and as serum protein. This will also be applicable to the treatment of other metabolic diseases.
Herbal medicines for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review (2003)

Given the number of herbal medicines promoted for RA, further research is needed to examine their efficacy, safety and potential drug interactions.
Single glass block faraday effect current sensor with homogeneous isotropic closed optical circuit (1997)

A new scheme is proposed for achieving a closed, homogeneous, and isotropic optical circuit necessary for high-accuracy optical-current sensors. It makes use of a single solid polygonal solid with reflection surfaces coated by quarter-wavelength dielectric thin-film layers for the Faraday cell. We derive the design principle and show numerically its applicability in various Faraday materials. The cross talk with the surrounding current is investigated in particular detail both theoretically and experimentally. In the example experiment with a SF57 Faraday material, a low cross talk is demonstrated for nearby currents.
Nonlinear optical processes in domain structures of strontium tetraborate (2009)

The random quasi-phase-matching in irregular domain structures of strontium tetraborate has been investigated for nonlinear optical generation at 266 nm. The factor of increasing second-harmonic generation efficiency due to random quasi-phase-matching is determined. The spectral dependences of the second-harmonic generation are calculated. It is shown that its efficiency can be optimized at a fixed pump wavelength by rotating the domain structure.
Development of Resistance to Quinoline Coccidiostats under Field and Laboratory Conditions (1968)

Edward C. McManus, William C. Campbell, Ashton C. Cuckler, Development of Resistance to Quinoline Coccidiostats under Field and Laboratory Conditions, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 54, No. 6 (Dec., 1968), pp. 1190-1193
Dispersion of graphene sheets in ionic liquid [bmim][PF<sub>6</sub>] stabilized by an ionic liquid polymer (2009)

Dispersion of graphene sheets in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was successfully achieved with the aid of a polymerized ionic liquid (PIL).
ReCALL: Reordered Cache Aware Locality Based Graph Processing (2017)

Sparse graph processing generates highly irregular Memory Access Patterns (MAP) which lack locality and result in poor cache performance. In this paper, we propose a novel graph ordering algorithm that addresses this problem. We observe that existing reordering algorithms primarily try to improve cache line utilization by enhancing spatial locality. They are oblivious to cache data reuse which reflects the temporal locality that MAP can possess. Our premise is that peak efficiency can be achieved by a graph order for which the resulting MAP exhibit both spatial and temporal locality. Therefore, we first introduce a new metric Profit, that quantifies cache data reuse leading to a heuristic pH that enhances temporal locality in the MAP of graph algorithms. Then we define a notion of dynamically matching MAP with cache contents in a way that jointly maximizes both cache data reuse and cache line utilization. To perform this joint optimization, we develop a Block Reordering algorithm which utilizes pH to rearrange blocks of consecutive nodes with high spatial locality. We evaluate our algorithm using 8 real world datasets and 4 representative graph algorithms. Experimental results show that graphs obtained by Block Reordering can achieve upto 2.3× speedup over the original graph order and consistently outperform the existing state of the art reordering technique by 20% to 25% reduction in cache misses.
Prevalence of mucosotropic human papillomaviruses in squamous-cell carcinomas of the head and neck (1996)

The prevalence of mucosotropic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in 63 squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC) from different anatomic sites in the head and neck was determined by general primer-mediated polymerase chain reaction (GP-PCR). HPV DNA was detected in 20.6% of SCC. Additional type-specific PCR for HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 demonstrated the presence of HPV 16 alone in these carcinomas. HPV 16 was also detected in normal epithelium from the resection margins of the majority of HPV-positive SCC. HPV status did not correlate with tumour site, whether primary or recurrent, TNM stage, metastases, degree of differentiation, smoking or alcohol history, fate or survival.
Noninvasive measurement of cardiac stroke volume using pulse wave velocity and aortic dimensions: a simulation study (2014)

Accurate estimates of cardiac stroke volume based on pulse wave velocity are theoretically possible and feasible. The precision of the method may be less than desired, owing to the dependence of the final result on the square of measured pulse wave velocity and the first power of ultrasonically measured aortic cross sectional area. However, classical formulas for propagation of random errors suggest that the method may still have sufficient precision for clinical applications. It remains as a challenge for experimentalists to explore further the potential of noninvasive measurement of stroke volume using pulse wave velocity. The technique is non-proprietary and open access in full detail, allowing future users to modify and refine the method as guided by practical experience.
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen levels: A guide to sustained response to peginterferon alfa-2a in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B # † (2008)

On-treatment quantification of HBsAg in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alfa-2a may help identify those likely to be cured by this therapy and optimize treatment strategies.
Induction of cellular immunity in a parathyroid carcinoma treated with tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells (2000)

These data indicate that dendritic cell vaccination can induce in vitro and in vivo responses in a highly malignant endocrine carcinoma. Regardless of the clinical outcome of our patient, this approach might be generally applicable to other advanced, radio- and chemotherapy-resistant endocrine malignancies, such as adrenal carcinomas and metastasized medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas.
Layer Pulse Testing Using a Wireline Formation Tester (1987)

ABSTRACT A Layer Pulse Test1 was designed, implemented and analyzed in a pinnacle reef in Alberta. Two Repeat Formation Tester (RFT)* surveys were performed in the observation well at a pre-designed interval. The second RFT survey was performed after the pulsed well was put back on production. The design was based on an older, history-matched model of the reef. A geological and stratigraphic interpretation was performed to update the geological and the numerical model. Subsequently, a three-dimensional, three-phase, single equation numerical simulator2 was used to model the inter-well area and a history match was obtained to the pressure shift in the two RFT surveys. The vertical pressure profiles from the RFT surveys identified barriers to vertical flow while the geological interpretation and the history match to the pressure shift provided a quantitative distribution of horizontal and vertical permeabilities in the inter-well area.
A scalable instruction queue design using dependence chains (2002)

Increasing the number of instruction queue (IQ) entries in a dynamically scheduled processor exposes more instruction-level parallelism, leading to higher performance. However, increasing a conventional IQ's physical size leads to larger latencies and slower clock speeds. We introduce a new IQ design that divides a large queue into small segments, which can be clocked at high frequencies. We use dynamic dependence-based scheduling to promote instructions from segment to segment until they reach a small issue buffer. Our segmented IQ is designed specifically to accommodate variable-latency instructions such as loads. Despite its roughly similar circuit complexity; simulation results indicate that our segmented instruction queue with 512 entries and 128 chains improves performance by up to 69% over a 32-entry conventional instruction queue for SpecINT 2000 benchmarks, and up to 398% for SpecFP 2000 benchmarks. The segmented IQ achieves from 55% to 98% of the performance of a monolithic 512-entry queue while providing the potential for much higher clock speeds.
Cloning, expression, and characterization of a family B-type DNA polymerase from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Pyrobaculum arsenaticum and its application to PCR (2005)

The gene encoding Pyrobaculum arsenaticum DNA polymerase (Par DNA polymerase) was cloned and sequenced. The gene consists of 2,361 bp coding for a protein with 786 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of Par DNA polymerase showed a high similarity to archaeal family B-type DNA polymerases (Group I), and contained all of the motifs conserved in the family B-type DNA polymerases for 3'→5' exonuclease and polymerase activities. The Par DNA polymerase gene was expressed under the control of the T7lac promoter on the expression vector pET-22b(+) in Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RP. The expressed enzyme was purified by heat treatment, and Cibacron blue 3GA and HiTrap™ Heparin HP column chromatographies. The optimum pH of the purified enzyme was 7.5. The enzyme activity was activated by divalent cations, and was inhibited by EDTA and monovalent cations. The half-life of the enzyme at 95°C was 6 h. Par DNA polymerase possessed associated 3'→5' proofreading exonuclease activity, which is consistent with its deduced amino acid sequence. PCR experiment with Par DNA polymerase showed an amplified product, indicating that this enzyme might be useful in DNA amplification and PCR-based applications.