gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isozyme characterization of genetic diversity in Minnesota populations of purple loosestrife, <i>Lythrum salicaria</i> (lythraceae) (1996)

Starch gel electrophoresis of plant proteins was used to identify purple loosestrife ( Lythrum spp.) cultivars and weedy populations. Preliminary determinations were made as to what degree weedy loosestrife populations were related (or genetically similar) to populations of L. alatum, L. virgatum , and horticultural cultivars. Cluster analysis of the data indicated that native L. alatum was genetically different from all populations of purple loosestrife and cultivars examined. The L. salicaria and L. virgatum cultivars, as groups, were not genetically distinguishable from the weedy populations analyzed. Seven cultivars of L. salicaria origin analyzed as a group were not distinguishable from the eight cultivars of L. virgatum origin, indicating that separation by cultivar origin may not be feasible. While the two “groups” were not distinguishable, most individual cultivars could be distinguished from one another by isozyme phenotype. Genetic variation was high within populations of weedy purple loosestrife but low among populations, which is characteristic of polyploid, perennial plant species that are widely distributed. Geographic location did not consistently correlate with genetic similarity.
Cumaran‐dion, das Sauerstoff‐Isologe des Isatins (1912)

Pfaffendorf: Cumaxan-
Waveguide to Microstrip Multi-Aperture Directional Coupler (1979)

A navel rectangular waveguide to microstripline multi-aperture directional coupler has been developed for operation in X-band. The results of investigations on coupling through large apertures used as elements of a multi-aperture coupler and the design of a waveguide to microstripline directional coupler are presented. The directivity of the coupler is better than 30 dB in 1GHz band width. This coupler has opened a new vista in the integration of waveguide and Microwave integrated circuits. This type of coupler is useful where small size, flat coupling, high directivity and capability to carry high mainline power are required.
Treatment of Severe Porcine Tracheomalacia With a 3-Dimensionally Printed, Bioresorbable, External Airway Splint (2014)

A multidisciplinary effort producing a computer-aided designed, computer-aided manufactured bioresorbable tracheobronchial splint was tested in a porcine model of severe TBM and was found to extend survival time. Mortality in the splinted group was ascribed to the TBM model based on the lack of respiratory distress in splinted pigs, long-term survival in animals implanted with the splint without TBM, and necropsy findings.
SUMMARY OF APFB08 (2009)

A personal perspective is given on topics which appears to be most promising during the fourth Asia Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problem in Physics 2008.
Ketamine alters oscillatory coupling in the hippocampus (2013)

Recent studies show that higher order oscillatory interactions such as cross-frequency coupling are important for brain functions that are impaired in schizophrenia, including perception, attention and memory. Here we investigated the dynamics of oscillatory coupling in the hippocampus of awake rats upon NMDA receptor blockade by ketamine, a pharmacological model of schizophrenia. Ketamine (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg i.p.) increased gamma and high-frequency oscillations (HFO) in all depths of the CA1-dentate axis, while theta power changes depended on anatomical location and were independent of a transient increase of delta oscillations. Phase coherence of gamma and HFO increased across hippocampal layers. Phase-amplitude coupling between theta and fast oscillations was markedly altered in a dose-dependent manner: ketamine increased hippocampal theta-HFO coupling at all doses, while theta-gamma coupling increased at the lowest dose and was disrupted at the highest dose. Our results demonstrate that ketamine alters network interactions that underlie cognitively relevant theta-gamma coupling.
1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Hydrazones with α-Oxo-ketenes: A Three-Component Stereoselective Entry to Pyrazolidinones and an Original Class of Spirooxindoles (2011)

Stereodefined monocyclic, spirobicyclic, and bis-spirotricyclic pyrazolidin-3-ones can be prepared efficiently by a three-component reaction involving a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine imines obtained from hydrazones with α-oxo-ketene dipolarophiles generated in situ. The reaction allows the creation of four covalent bonds and two contiguous chiral quaternary centers with excellent diastereoselectivity in a single catalyst/additive-free, highly atom-economical transformation. From a fundamental point of view, the reaction introduces α-oxo-ketenes as effective dipolarophiles in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions.
Routine Fluorescence Imaging to Detect Wound Bacteria Reduces Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Dressing Expenditure While Improving Healing Rates: Retrospective Analysis of 229 Foot Ulcers (2020)

Foot ulcers and their bacterial burden produce a significant strain on the National Healthcare System (NHS). Subjectivity of wound infection assessment makes appropriate dressing selection challenging. To aid point-of-care detection of bacterial burden, a fluorescence imaging device (MolecuLight i:X) was introduced to the Whipps Cross Hospital Podiatry clinic. This retrospective pre/post-analysis evaluated how implementation of fluorescence imaging impacted (1) antimicrobial dressings and antibiotics use and (2) wound healing rates. Over a 2-year period 229 lower extremity wounds were treated. Wound-related outcomes and antimicrobial dressing costs were quantified over 1-year before (2018/2019) and after (2019/2020) incorporating fluorescence imaging into routine practice. The period of fluorescence imaging saw a 27% increase in the number of wounds seen, yet annual antimicrobial dressing expenditure decreased by 33%. Implementation of fluorescence imaging was also associated with a 49% decrease in prescription of antimicrobial dressings, a 33% decrease in antibiotic prescriptions, and a 23% increase in wound healing rates within 12-weeks (48% vs. 39%), likely due to earlier bacterial detection and improved wound hygiene. This increased healing rate is projected to decrease annual wound costs by 10% (£762 per patient). Routine bacterial imaging appears to diminish clinical and economic burden to patients and the NHS.
4H-SiC Trench MOSFET with Thick Bottom Oxide (2013)

A 4H-SiC trench MOSFET has been developed that features trench gates with a thick oxide layer on the bottoms of the trenches. The maximum electric field strength and gate-drain charge of this device are 46% and 38%, respectively lower than that of a conventional MOSFET. The drain-source breakdown voltage is 1400V and the specific on-resistance is 4.4mΩcm2 at a gate bias of 20V and a drain voltage of 2V.
Practice of preventive measures, dental anxiety and dental status among young adults. (2008)

The use of patient self-assessment is a good predictor of the patient's dental status. Dental practitioners could request patients to assess their dental status prior to treatment or appointment, especially when dental screening of large populations is performed to locate patients at risk. This might help the practitioner to accomplish more effective time and patient management.
Optimal design of aquifer cleanup systems under uncertainty using a neural network and a genetic algorithm (1999)

We present a methodology to account for the stochastic nature of hydraulic conductivity during the design of pump‐and‐treat systems for aquifer cleanup. The methodology (1) uses a genetic algorithm to find the global optimal solution and (2) incorporates a neural network to model the response surface within the genetic algorithm. We apply the methodology for a real example and different optimization scenarios. The employed optimization formulation requires few hydraulic conductivity realizations. The presented approach produces a trade‐off curve between reliability and treatment facility size.
4-Oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolines, V. Ring Expansion Reaction of 1-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolinium Bromide with Diazoalkanes (1974)

Abstract Reactions of 1-methyl-3-phenyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolinium bromide (13) with diazoalkanes were investigated. Treatment of 13 with diazomethane in EtOH gave a ring-expansion product 14 in a good yield. A mechanism which involves the formation of azirinoquinazolinium bromide and a subsequent SN1 type ring opening was discussed. Treatment of 13 with phenyldiazomethane also afforded benzodiazepine 16. However, reaction of 13 with ethyldiazoacetate in the presence of CuSO4 gave 4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline 17.
Tunable and label-free virus enrichment for ultrasensitive virus detection using carbon nanotube arrays (2016)

Viral infectious diseases can erupt unpredictably, spread rapidly, and ravage mass populations. Although established methods, such as polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, and next-generation sequencing have been used to detect viruses, field samples with low virus count pose major challenges in virus surveillance and discovery. We report a unique carbon nanotube size-tunable enrichment microdevice (CNT-STEM) that efficiently enriches and concentrates viruses collected from field samples. The channel sidewall in the microdevice was made by growing arrays of vertically aligned nitrogen-doped multiwalled CNTs, where the intertubular distance between CNTs could be engineered in the range of 17 to 325 nm to accurately match the size of different viruses. The CNT-STEM significantly improves detection limits and virus isolation rates by at least 100 times. Using this device, we successfully identified an emerging avian influenza virus strain [A/duck/PA/02099/2012(H11N9)] and a novel virus strain (IBDV/turkey/PA/00924/14). Our unique method demonstrates the early detection of emerging viruses and the discovery of new viruses directly from field samples, thus creating a universal platform for effectively remediating viral infectious diseases.
Experimental and theoretical study of charge‐transfer complex hybrid polyimide membranes (2013)

ABSTRACT The nanostructure of sulfonated polyimide (SPI)/dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) derivative charge‐transfer (CT) complex hybrid films, which are noble alternative polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs), is determined by a combined visible spectroscopy/quantum mechanical approach. From the visible spectra of SPI/2,6‐dihydroxynaphthalene (2,6‐DHN) and 1,5‐dihydroxynaphthalene (1,5‐DHN) CT complex hybrid films, it is confirmed that these films have different maximum wavelength, although difference of the molecular structure is small. From the calculation based on the experimental result, SPI and DHNs form multiple interactions consisting of not only CT interaction, but also hydrogen bonding in multilayered structures. CT interaction between SPI and DHN defines the DHN position in the SPI matrix, with DHN sitting in the cavity formed between SPIs. The molecular structure of the CT films derived from the multiple and complex interactions can recognize small differences in the structural isomers and bring changes of the optical property. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52 , 293–298
Caspase‐12 and ER‐Stress‐Mediated Apoptosis (2003)

The labyrinth of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interweaves the cytosol and connects to the nucleus, mitochondria, and the plasma membrane. In the lumen of the ER, the essential function of lipid synthesis, Ca(2+) storage, folding, and maturation of proteins take place. Therefore, the tight regulation and maintenance of ER homeostasis is vital. Disturbance of the Ca(2+) homeostasis during hypoxia, or imbalance between the demand and capacity of the protein-folding apparatus, initiates an adaptive response of the cell, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR, ER stress response). As a result, ER-localized chaperones are induced, protein synthesis is slowed down, and a protein degrading system is initiated. However, if the ER stress cannot be alleviated, it culminates in apoptosis. This paper reviews the newly outlined signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response and describes the central role of caspase-12 in the initiation of cell death. The complex role of the ER and its signaling pathways provides a novel angle on apoptosis research and may offer a key to apoptosis-associated diseases.
Evaluation of Three Influenza A and B Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays and a New 2009 H1N1 Assay for Detection of Influenza Viruses (2010)

The performance characteristics of three real-time influenza A/B virus reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays and two real-time 2009 H1N1 RT-PCR assays were evaluated using previously characterized clinical specimens. A total of 150 respiratory specimens from children (30 influenza A/H1 virus-, 30 influenza A/H3 virus-, 30 2009 H1N1-, and 30 influenza B virus-positive specimens and 30 influenza virus-negative specimens) were tested with the CDC influenza A/B PCR (CDC), ProFlu(+) multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay (ProFlu(+)), and MGB Alert Influenza A/B & RSV RUO (MGB) assays. A second set of 157 respiratory specimens (100 2009 H1N1-, 22 seasonal influenza A/H1-, and 15 seasonal influenza A/H3-positive specimens and 20 influenza-negative specimens) were tested with a new laboratory-developed 2009 H1N1 RT-PCR and the CDC 2009 H1N1 assay. The overall sensitivities of the CDC, ProFlu(+), and MGB assays for detection of influenza A and B viruses were 100%, 98.3%, and 94%, respectively. The ProFlu(+) assay failed to detect one influenza A/H1 virus-positive specimen and yielded one unresolved result with another influenza A/H1 virus-positive specimen. The MGB assay detected 84/87 (96.5%) of influenza A and B viruses and 26/30 (86.6%) of 2009 H1N1 viruses. The new laboratory-developed 2009 H1N1 RT-PCR assay detected 100/100 (100%) 2009 H1N1 virus-positive specimens, while the CDC SW Inf A and SW H1 PCR assays failed to detect one and three low-positive 2009 H1N1-positive specimens, respectively. The CDC influenza A/B virus assay and the newly developed 2009 H1N1 RT-PCR assay with an internal control can be set up in two separate reactions in the same assay for routine clinical testing to detect influenza A and B viruses and to specifically identify the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus.
Idiopathic Long QT Syndrome With Early Afterdepolarization Induced by Epinephrine-A Case Report- (2004)

A patient with idiopathic long QT syndrome had repeated syncopal episodes. The QTc interval on the electrocardiogram at rest was 530 ms and was prolonged by exercise up to 740 ms with T wave alternation. Intravenous epinephrine (0.1 microg/kg weight per min), but not isoproterenol (0.7 microg/min), produced early after depolarization of the monophasic action potential recorded at the right ventricular apex. Epinephrine prolonged the QTc interval to 710 ms. After the addition of propranolol to the epinephrine, the QTc (580 ms) was longer than at baseline. Methoxamine also prolonged the QTc to 580 ms. The QT interval in long QT syndrome is generally considered to be prolonged by a beta-adrenergic effect, but in the present case alpha-adrenergic stimulation had an additional effect on the prolongation of the QT interval.
The deployer's problem: configuring application servers for performance and reliability (2003)

Frameworks such as J2EE are designed to simplify the process of developing enterprise applications by handling much of the complexity of concurrency, transaction, and persistence management. An application server that supports such a framework implements these concerns, freeing the application developer to focus on the task of implementing the business logic aspect of the application, In such frameworks, the deployer, the individual(s) who configures the application server to manage concurrency, transaction and persistence correctly and efficiently, plays a central role. A deployer has few tools to assist with performing this complicated task. Incorrect configuration can lead to application failure or severe underperformance. We outline the problems facing the deployer of applications, present a methodology that can assist the programmer with the task of configuring application servers, and present two case studies that validate the usefulness of our methodology.
Internet Protocol Engine in TCP/IP Offloading Engine (2008)

As the network works in high speed, TCP/IP protocol loads on the host CPU. Recently, TOE (TCP/IP Offload Engine) which processes TCP/IP on a network adapter instead of host CPU is rising up to the network market to solve the CPU burden. This paper is the design of TCP/IP offloading Engine in lGbps network. Especially, our engine is fully offloaded for TCP/IP using two embedded processor and Internet protocol also designed in hardware circuit level. In this paper, we show the hardware design of the Internet protocol and the role of IP in TOE. The manufactured chip can show the satisfaction for high speed network over lGbps.
Biogenesis and Transcriptional Regulation of Long Noncoding RNAs in the Human Immune System (2016)

The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA makes RNA makes protein. Discoveries over the last quarter of a century found that the process of DNA transcription into RNA gives rise to a diverse array of functional RNA species, including genes that code for protein and noncoding RNAs. For decades, the focus has been on understanding how protein-coding genes are regulated to influence protein expression. However, with the completion of the Human Genome Project and follow-up ENCODE data, it is now appreciated that only 2-3% of the genome codes for protein-coding gene exons and that the bulk of the transcribed genome, apart from ribosomal RNAs, is at the level of noncoding RNA genes. In this article, we focus on the biogenesis and regulation of a distinct class of noncoding RNA molecules termed long, noncoding RNAs in the context of the immune system.
Association of the Inactive Circulating Matrix Gla Protein with Vitamin K Intake, Calcification, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review (2019)

Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), a small Gla vitamin K-dependent protein, is the most powerful natural occurring inhibitor of calcification in the human body. To become biologically active, MGP must undergo vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and phosphorylation. Vitamin K deficiency leads to the inactive uncarboxylated, dephosphorylated form of MGP (dpucMGP). We aimed to review the existing data on the association between circulating dpucMGP and vascular calcification, renal function, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in distinct populations. Moreover, the association between vitamin K supplementation and serum levels of dpucMGP was also reviewed.
Highly Active 3-Oxobutylideneaminatocobalt Complex Catalysts for an Enantioselective Hetero Diels–Alder Reaction (2001)

Abstract Optically active 3-oxobutylideneaminatocobalt(III) complexes were developed as effective catalysts for the enantioselective hetero Diels–Alder reaction of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with 3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-methoxy-1,3-butadiene. In the presence of the highly active cationic cobalt(III) complex, the hetero Diels–Alder reactions proceeded to afford the corresponding dihydropyran-4-ones with high performance and high enantioselectivities. The reaction with aromatic aldehydes substituted by a coordinating group at the ortho position proceeded more smoothly.
High-Performance Si Nanowire Transistors on Fully Si Bulk Substrate From Top-Down Approach: Simulation and Fabrication (2009)

A new method to fabricate high-performance gate-all-around silicon (Si) nanowire transistors (SNWTs) based on fully Si bulk (FSB) substrate is proposed and demonstrated by both simulation and experiments in this paper. Due to the large fan-out and deep junction of Si source/drain (S/D) region connecting with the bulk substrate, the FSB SNWTs can effectively alleviate the self-heating effects with technology scaling. Thermal behavior of multiwire SNWTs is investigated and FSB SNWTs show superior self-heating immunity to SNWTs based on Si-on-insulator (SOI) substrate (SOI SNWTs). In addition, the bottom parasitic transistor can be well suppressed in this structure. Although FSB SNWTs have larger gate parasitic capacitance, the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CV</i> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> is found to be comparable to the SOI SNWTs. With self-aligned, fully epi-free compatible CMOS processes, this new architecture was successfully fabricated, which exhibit high on-off current ratio of 2.6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> due to better heat dissipation and low S/D resistance realized in this structure.
Suppression of surface cracks on (111) homoepitaxial diamond through impurity limitation by oxygen addition (1998)

The use of oxygen in improving diamond quality has been investigated by comparing two (111) homoepitaxial diamond films deposited with H2–CH4 and H2–CH4–O2 mixtures by microwave assisted chemical vapor deposition. The (111) diamond deposited using a H2–CH4 mixture showed surface cracks due to the presence of nondiamond phases as well as a significant amount of hydrogen and silicon impurities. The (111) diamond deposited using a H2–CH4–O2 mixture showed an absence of hydrogen and silicon impurities and nondiamond phases, and exhibited a flat surface. The addition of oxygen is one of the suitable methods to produce high-quality (111) homoepitaxial diamond.
Event Query Processing in EPC Information Services (2007)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is an excellent substitute for barcodes in industry. However, the management of a large amount of RFID data, together with complicated relationships between data, in the context of responding to different kinds of queries is not well supported by traditional databases. Therefore, (1) an event-based model for managing data and (2) an algorithm for responding to event queries are proposed for RFID repositories in this paper. Our approach is based on the specification of the EPC information services (EPCIS) to meet the overall data requirements of the RFID community. Specifically, the object-oriented model is built on the top of relational databases so as to make the proposed combined data model highly flexible and semantic comprehensive. Based on this data model, various complicated predicates implied in different parameters of the predefined event query are interpreted into one single request to the database.
SNP alleles in human disease and evolution (2002)

In two randomly selected human genomes, 99.9% of the DNA sequence is identical. The remaining 0.1% of DNA contains sequence variations. The most common type of such variation is called a single-nucleotide polymorphism, or SNP. SNPs are highly abundant, stable, and distributed throughout the genome. These variations are associated with diversity in the population, individuality, susceptibility to diseases, and individual response to medicine. Recently, it has been suggested that SNPs can be used for homogeneity testing and pharmacogenetic studies and to identify and map complex, common diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease. Consistent with this proposal is the identification of the patterns of SNPs in conditions such as diabetes, schizophrenia, and blood-pressure homeostasis. Although these studies have provided insight into the nature of human sequence variation, it is not known at present whether these variations are truly significant toxicologically and pharmacologically. Moreover, it is possible that most complex, common disorders are caused by the combined effects of multigenes and nongenetic environmental factors (multifactorial). Therefore, it is likely that sequence variation alone is not sufficient to predict the risk of disease susceptibility, particularly in homeostatic organisms like humans. Nevertheless, these variants may provide a starting point for further inquiry.