gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leptin: physiology and pathophysiology (1998)

The identification and sequencing of the ob gene and its product, leptin, in late 1994 opened new insights in the study of the mechanisms controlling body weight and led to a surge of research activity. During this time, a considerable body of knowledge regarding leptin's actions has been accumulated and the field continues to expand rapidly. Currently there is particular interest in the interaction of leptin with other peripheral and neural mechanisms to regulate body weight, reproduction and immunological response. In this review, we attempt to place the current state of knowledge about leptin in the broader perspective of physiology, including its structural characteristics, receptors, binding proteins, signalling pathways, regulation of adipose tissue expression and production, secretion patterns, clearance mechanisms and functional effects. In addition, leptin's involvement in the pathophysiology of obesity, anorexia nervosa, diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cancer, nephropathy, thyroid disease, Cushing's syndrome and growth hormone deficiency will be reviewed.
Lymphocyte Oxidative DNA Damage and Plasma Antioxidants in Alzheimer Disease (2002)

Markers of oxidative damage are increased in AD and correlate with decreased levels of plasma antioxidants. These findings suggest that lymphocyte DNA 8-OHdG content in patients with AD reflects a condition of increased oxidative stress related to a poor antioxidant status.
Severe Malignant Osteopetrosis Caused by a <i>GL</i> Gene Mutation (2004)

Infantile malignant autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is a genetically heterogeneous disease caused by the inability of OCLs to resorb and remodel bone, resulting in generalized osteosclerosis and obliteration of marrow spaces and cranial foramina. The classical clinical features are pathological fractures, visual impairment, and bone marrow failure. Two human genes have been described as the cause of this form of osteopetrosis: the T-cell immune-regulator-1 (TCIRG1) gene, which is mutated in >50% of the patients, and the chloride channel 7 (ClCN7) gene, which accounts for approximately 10% of cases. We report the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings of the first human osteopetrosis case caused by a mutation in the grey-lethal (GL) gene. The patient, a 9-day-old male infant, presented with a very severe osteopetrotic phenotype including substantial hepatosplenomegaly since birth, cytopenia, and progressive major liver failure. Skeletal radiographs revealed a generalized increase in bone density with loss of corticomedullary differentiation. Histopathologic bone examination showed the typical osteopetrotic changes, with absence of resorptive activity, and osteoclasts, slightly decreased in number, with evident morphological alterations.
A visual tool for querying geographic databases (2000)

To support users in querying geographic databases we have developed a system that lets people sketch what they are looking for. It closes the gap between user and information system, because the translation of a user's question into a processable query statement is delegated to the information system so that a user can focus on the actual query rather than spending time with its formulation. This system paper highlights a set of interaction methods and sketch interpretation algorithms that are necessary for pen-based querying of geographic information systems. They are part of a comprehensive prototype implementation of Spatial-Query-by-Sketch, which provides feature-based and relation-based spatial similarity retrieval.
Advancements of transcriptome imputation and related transcriptome-wide association studies (2019)

Despite the progresses of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in revealing genetic mechanisms of human complex traits, the basis through which most identified risk variants function are highly unknown and need further investigations as well as discoveries. Recent advancements of transcriptome predictions put the transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) forward into a new era. TWAS through imputed transcriptomes could discover more gene-trait associations and relevant joint-tissue TWAS via eQTL analysis provide insights into furthering elucidations about gene-level association studies in difficult-to-acquire tissues. This mini-review goes over the recent advancements of gene expression imputations as well as the gene-trait association studies, which highlight the importance of genetically regulated expression (GReX) in this area.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 is induced in the endothelial cells throughout the central nervous system during carrageenan‐induced hind paw inflammation; its possible role in hyperalgesia (2003)

Inflammation is often accompanied with hyperalgesia. This hyperalgesia is mediated partly by prostaglandin(s) produced in the CNS through the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dependent pathway. However, it remains unclear where COX-2 is induced in the CNS during inflammation, and how it is involved in hyperalgesia. We studied the precise site of COX-2 induction in the CNS, the relation between the time course of COX-2 induction and that of hyperalgesia, and the effect of COX-2-selective inhibitor by using a carrageenan model. Carrageenan injection induced expression of COX-2-like immunoreactivity in vascular endothelial cells throughout the CNS. This response became evident by 3 h, and was most prominent at 6 h after carrageenan injection. This COX-2 induction was associated with an elevation of prostaglandin E2 in the cerebrospinal fluid, being evident at 3 h, larger at 6 h, and alleviated by a COX-2-selective inhibitor. Thermal hyperalgesia became evident at 1 h, further increased thereafter, and remained elevated until 6 h. Intrathecal administration of COX-2-selective inhibitor 2 h after the carrageenan injection exerted a prominent therapeutic effect on hyperalgesia. These results demonstrate that, during carrageenan-induced inflammation, endothelial cells are the major source of prostaglandin(s) in the CNS, and this endothelial expression of COX-2 is involved in the inflammation-induced hyperalgesia.
Current-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator using single FTFN (1996)

Abstract A new current-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator using a four-terminal floating nullor FTFN is presented. This oscillator provides the following advantages: (i) controllable oscillation frequency by a grounded resistor; (ii) it is easily converted into a voltage-controlled oscillator; (iii) the use of grounded capacitors, which are suitable for IC implementation; (iv) the availability of current-mode quadrature current outputs; (v) low passive and active sensitivites. Experimental results which confirm the theoretical analysis are given.
ANARCH: a name resolution scheme for mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are temporarily constructed by mobile hosts in the absence of established infrastructures. Such networks can constitute a base for human cooperative works as well as for communications between information systems. However, there has not been sufficient work of name resolution scheme suitable for MANETs after assignment of IP addresses. In this paper, we propose a name resolution system called Autonomous Name Resolution Scheme (ANARCH). ANARCH provides a node with a unique user-oriented name and relieves users and their applications from the necessity of identifying the network addresses (i.e., IP addresses) of destination nodes. ANARCH exchanges control messages merely between nodes in the one-hop reach area. However, it resolves names beyond the one-hop reach area, namely, it adapts to a multi-hop function of MANETs. We have designed and implemented ANARCH on FreeBSD, and evaluated the performance in a MANET system built with PCs running the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol. In our experimental results, ANARCH exhibited effective name resolution in a practical time while resolving conflicting names.
Dynamic etch mask technique for fabricating tapered semiconductor optical waveguides and other structures (1990)

Using a novel dynamic etch mask technique and wet chemical etchants, we have produced semiconductor structures with tapered thicknesses, with horizontal slope angles as small as 0.9°. With this technique we have fabricated GaAs/GaAlAs rib optical waveguides in which the etch depth tapered from 0.2 to 1.0 μm over a distance of 50 μm, resulting in a 2× change in mode size, with an excess taper loss of less than 0.2 dB. The technique is capable of producing tapers in different orientations, at arbitrary locations on a sample, and appears to be useful for a wide variety of materials systems and devices.
A time-delay approach to speech rhythm visualization, modeling and measurement (2010)

The main objective of this paper is the deﬁnition of psycho-acoustically conﬁrmed acoustic correlates of rhythmic structure across various languages, accents and speaking styles. Within this quest, speech rhythm is regarded as being characterized by grouped sequences of\nbeats, which are characterized by their prominence structure. Duration is identiﬁed as the major acoustic correlate of speech rhythm organization: it signals both beginnings and ends of rhythmic groups at different\nhierarchical levels of rhythmic organization and is the most robust cue to perceptual prominence. In order to visualize the impact of relative durations across rhythmically salient beat transitions, e.g. at phrase\nboundaries or stresses, time-delay plots are introduced. The method is evaluated quantitatively both statistically and using a KNN classiﬁer.\nThe visualization technique reveals different relative timing patterns for French and English, which provide prototypical cases for the classic distinction between stress and syllable timing. An analysis of relative\ntiming across several languages shows that the traditional classiﬁcation into stress and syllable timing falls way too short. An appropriate quantitative model of speech rhythm must be multidimensional and take into account psycho-acoustic facts.
A Fast Offline Building Recognition Application on a Mobile Telephone (2008)

Abstract. Today most mobile telephones come equipped with a camera. This gives rise to interesting new possibilities for applications of computer vision, such as building recognition software running locally on the mobile phone. Algorithms for building recognition need to be robust under noise, occlusion, varying lighting conditions and different points of view. We present such an algorithm using local invariant regions which allows for mobile building recognition despite the limited processing power and storage capacity of mobile phones. This algorithm was shown to obtain state of the art performance on the Zürich Building Database (91 % accuracy). An implementation on a mobile phone (Sony Ericsson K700i) is presented that obtains good performance (80 % accuracy) on a dataset using real-world query images taken under varying, suboptimal conditions. Our algorithm runs in the order of several seconds while requiring only around 10 KB of memory to represent a single building within the local database. 1
Suppression of adjuvant‐induced arthritis in da rats by incomplete freund's adjuvant (1993)

The injection of ICFA alone specifically suppresses subsequent CFA-induced arthritis in DA rats, but not in Lewis rats.
Site-directed Mutagenesis of the Yeast Resolving Enzyme Cce1 Reveals Catalytic Residues and Relationship with the Intron-splicing Factor Mrs1 (2000)

The Holliday junction-resolving enzyme Cce1 is a magnesium-dependent endonuclease, responsible for the resolution of recombining mitochondrial DNA molecules in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have identified a homologue of Cce1 from Candida albicans and used a multiple sequence alignment to predict residues important for junction binding and catalysis. Twelve site-directed mutants have been constructed, expressed, purified, and characterized. Using this approach, we have identified basic residues with putative roles in both DNA recognition and catalysis of strand scission and acidic residues that have a purely catalytic role. We have shown directly by isothermal titration calorimetry that a group of acidic residues vital for catalytic activity in Cce1 act as ligands for the catalytic magnesium ions. Sequence similarities between the Cce1 proteins and the group I intron splicing factor Mrs1 suggest the latter may also possess a binding site for magnesium, with a putative role in stabilization of RNA tertiary structure or catalysis of the splicing reaction.
Supplier selection and management system considering relationships in supply chain management (2001)

This paper is aimed at suggesting a methodology leading to effective supplier management processes utilizing information obtained from the supplier selection processes. For this methodology, we propose the supplier selection and management system (SSMS) that includes purchasing strategy system, supplier selection system, and supplier management system, and we explain how the SSMS is applied to a real supply chain. The methodology identifies the managerial criteria using information derived from supplier selection process and makes use of them in the supplier management process. These managerial criteria include key criteria that are major criteria required by the manufacturer for the best quality of parts from suppliers according to the character of each part, and weak criteria that show the shortcomings of selected suppliers as compared with alternative suppliers with regard to each criterion. The effectiveness of supplier management with managerial criteria was verified by a t-test and a correlation analysis with the example of a Korean air conditioner manufacturer.
An upper bound for cell loss probability of bursty sources in broadband packet networks (2002)

An upper bound for the probability of cell loss of bursty sources in broadband integrated packet networks based on asynchronous transfer mode is discussed. A performance model is developed to obtain this upper bound for traffic sources admitted into the system in connection-oriented services. It is possible to evaluate the required bandwidth for a desired cell loss rate, and provide procedures for call admission and proactive congestion control at the access nodes of the network using this upper bound. A simulation model and results for a number of cases are given and the tightness of this bound is verified, especially for moderate cell loss rates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Saturable Absorption and <i>Q</i> Switching in a Triphenylmethane Dye (1972)

Saturable absorption and Q-switching action for the triphenylmethane dye fuchsin pumped by a ruby laser is shown to occur in fluorocarbon solvents and not in water or common organic solvents. These properties are related to a probable change in the bonding structure of the dye by the fluorocarbon solvent.
Quantifying Mental Health Signals in Twitter (2014)

The ubiquity of social media provides a rich opportunity to enhance the data available to mental health clinicians and researchers, enabling a better-informed and better-equipped mental health field. We present analysis of mental health phenomena in publicly available Twitter data, demonstrating how rigorous application of simple natural language processing methods can yield insight into specific disorders as well as mental health writ large, along with evidence that as-of-yet undiscovered linguistic signals relevant to mental health exist in social media. We present a novel method for gathering data for a range of mental illnesses quickly and cheaply, then focus on analysis of four in particular: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder (SAD). We intend for these proof-of-concept results to inform the necessary ethical discussion regarding the balance between the utility of such data and the privacy of mental health related information.
A watermarking-based method for single-channel audio source separation (2009)

In this paper, we address the issue of audio source separation with a single channel, i.e. the estimation of source signals from a single mixture of these signals. This problem is addressed with a specific configuration: source signals are assumed to be available before the mix is processed. We propose an original method that uses a watermarking technique to embed information about the source signals into the mix signal. Extracting this watermark enables an end-user who has no access to the original sources to separate these signals from their mixture. Thereby several instruments or voice signals can be segregated from a single piece of music to enable post-mixing processing such as volume control.
Close sequence comparisons are sufficient to identify human <i>cis</i> -regulatory elements (2006)

Cross-species DNA sequence comparison is the primary method used to identify functional noncoding elements in human and other large genomes. However, little is known about the relative merits of evolutionarily close and distant sequence comparisons. To address this problem, we identified evolutionarily conserved noncoding regions in primate, mammalian, and more distant comparisons using a uniform approach (Gumby) that facilitates unbiased assessment of the impact of evolutionary distance on predictive power. We benchmarked computational predictions against previously identified cis -regulatory elements at diverse genomic loci and also tested numerous extremely conserved human–rodent sequences for transcriptional enhancer activity using an in vivo enhancer assay in transgenic mice. Human regulatory elements were identified with acceptable sensitivity (53%–80%) and true-positive rate (27%–67%) by comparison with one to five other eutherian mammals or six other simian primates. More distant comparisons (marsupial, avian, amphibian, and fish) failed to identify many of the empirically defined functional noncoding elements. Our results highlight the practical utility of close sequence comparisons, and the loss of sensitivity entailed by more distant comparisons. We derived an intuitive relationship between ancient and recent noncoding sequence conservation from whole-genome comparative analysis that explains most of the observations from empirical benchmarking. Lastly, we determined that, in addition to strength of conservation, genomic location and/or density of surrounding conserved elements must also be considered in selecting candidate enhancers for in vivo testing at embryonic time points.
Intermediate view generation for perceived depth adjustment of stereo video (2009)

There is significant industry activity on delivery of 3D video to the home. It is expected that 3D capable devices will be able to provide consumers with the ability to adjust the depth perceived for stereo content. This paper provides an overview of related techniques and evaluates the effectiveness of several approaches. Practical considerations are also discussed.
Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Conversion With Online Adaptive Equalization (2012)

Online adaptive equalization is proposed to calibrate channel mismatch errors in time-interleaved (TI) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) arrays with a linear reference path. Code-domain filters are shown to be effective in removing interchannel as well as intrachannel nonlinearity and mismatch errors, including offset, gain, and differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) mismatches. An 8-bit, 600-MS/s, 0.13- μm CMOS prototype measured a signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR) of 31.0/47.4 dB, a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 32.8/63.6 dB, a DNL of 1.30/0.30 LSBs, and an INL of 1.70/0.23 LSBs in lab testing without/with equalization, respectively.
Oxidation of 3β,28-lupanediol diacetate and lupane with peroxyacetic acid (1987)

Lupane triterpenoids are attacked by peroxyacetic acid in position 19. 3β,28-Lupanediol diacetate ( I ) affords the 18β,19β-epoxy derivative III and the 19β-hydroxy derivative V , lupane ( II ) gives 18β,19β-epoxylupane ( IV ); however, the yields are low. Structure of the products III and IV was confirmed by independent preparation from the 20(29)-unsaturated compounds IX and X .
XLIII. <i>On rotation of the plane of polarization by reflection from the pole of a magnet</i> (1877)

(1877). XLIII. On rotation of the plane of polarization by reflection from the pole of a magnet. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 3, No. 19, pp. 321-343.
Spectrophotometric Assays of Prothrombin in Plasma of Patients Using Oral Anticoagulants (1979)

Two spectrophotometric assays for prothrombin have been developed and compared with a one stage coagulant and an immunological assay. One of these assays (called the XAPC assay) uses a combination of factor Xa, phospholipid, Ca2+ and factor V as activator of prothrombin, and measures only normal prothrombin. The second (the ECAR assay) uses Echis carinatus venom as activator. This assay measures both normal prothrombin and PIVKA II (protein induced by vitamin K antagonists/absence). Combination of the results obtained by the XAPC and ECAR assays provides rapid and reliable information on the degree of "subcarboxylation" of prothrombin (oral anticoagulation, vitamin K deficiency). For patients on long term anticoagulant treatment the prothrombin time (Thrombotest) shows better correlation with the ratio prothrombin/prothrombin plus PIVKA II (XAPC/ECAR) than with the factor II concentration. For patients starting the anticoagulant treatment there is no correlation between the Thrombotest time and the XAPC/ECAR ratio. It seems doubtful that (a) spectrophotometric factor II assay(s) will be as useful as the prothrombin time in the control of oral anticoagulation.
Dissociation of the dystroglycan complex in caveolin-3-deficient limb girdle muscular dystrophy (2000)

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders inherited in an autosomal recessive or dominant mode. Caveolin-3, the muscle-specific member of the caveolin gene family, is implicated in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1C. Here we report on a 4-year-old girl presenting with myalgia and muscle cramps due to a caveolin-3 deficiency in her dystrophic skeletal muscle as a result of a heterozygous 136G-->A substitution in the caveolin-3 gene. The novel sporadic missense mutation in the caveolin signature sequence of the caveolin-3 gene changes an alanine to a threonine (A46T) and prevents the localization of caveolin-3 to the plasma membrane in a dominant negative fashion. Caveolin-3 has been suggested to interact with the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, which in striated muscle fibers links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and with neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Similar to dystrophin-deficient Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a secondary decrease in neuronal nitric oxide synthase and alpha-dystroglycan expression was detected in the caveolin-3-deficient patient. These results implicate an important function of the caveolin signature sequence and common mechanisms in the pathogenesis of dystrophin-glycoprotein complex-associated muscular dystrophies with caveolin-3-deficient limb girdle muscular dystrophy.