gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction and activity of nitric oxide synthase in cultured human intestinal epithelial monolayers (1996)

We have examined the induction and activity of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) in monolayers of DLD-1 cells, an epithelial cell line derived from a human intestinal adenocarcinoma. Induction of iNOS transcription?by a combination of the cytokines interferon-gamma and IL-1 beta was inhibited by genistein, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, or dexamethasone and unaffected by pretreatment with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), or the isoflavone daidzein. iNOS activity and NO synthesis were inhibited by nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, S-methyl-isothiourea sulfate, or aminoethyl-isothiourea, but not by dexamethasone. NO synthesis was potently inhibited by N-alpha-p-tosyl-lysine chloromethyl ketone and hypoxia. In the absence of cytokines no iNOS induction was observed with oxidant stress (H2O2), growth factors (bFGF, EGF), hypoxia or hypoxia reoxygenation. We conclude that in this model of the human intestinal epithelium 1) cytokine-mediated induction of iNOS is Ca2+ independent, weakly steroid sensitive, and may involve the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and a tyrosine kinase, and 2) iNOS activity is Ca2+ -independent and inhibited by hypoxia, NG-substituted L-arginine analogues, and isothioureas.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of escalating i.v. doses of dexanabinol (HU-211), a neuroprotectant agent, in normal volunteers. (1997)

The pharmacokinetics of dexanabinol (HU-211), a synthetic, nonpsychotropic cannabinoid with neuroprotectant action, was evaluated in a phase I clinical trial. The compound was administered at doses of 48 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg as short i.v. infusions in a Cremophor-ethanol vehicle diluted with saline. All administrations were well-tolerated and no compound-related side-effects were observed. Plasma concentrations of dexanabinol were quantitated using a GC/MS/MS technique which provided a limit of quantitation of 100 pg/ml. The elimination of dexanabinol was best fitted to a 3-compartment model with a rapid distribution half-life (< 5 min), an intermediate phase half-life of approximately 90 min, and a slow terminal elimination half-life (approximately 9 h). The pharmacokinetics were linear over the evaluated dose range. The plasma clearance of the drug was high (1,700 ml/min) and the volume of distribution approximately 15 l/kg. These data are similar to those reported for naturally occurring cannabinoids such as delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.
Geometrical wake of a smooth flat collimator (2002)

A transverse geometrical wake generated by a beam passing through a smooth flat collimator with a gradually varying gap between the upper and lower walls is considered. Based on generalization of the approach recently developed for a smooth circular taper we reduce the electromagnetic problem of the impedance calculation to the solution of two much simpler static problems-a magnetostatic and an electrostatic ones. The solution shows that in the limit of not very large frequencies, the impedance increases with the ratio h/d where h is the width and d is the distance between the collimating jaws. Numerical results are presented for the NLC Post Linac collimator.
3‐Deazaguanine <i>N</i><sup>7</sup>‐ and <i>N</i><sup>9</sup>‐(2′‐Deoxy‐β‐<scp>D</scp>‐ribofuranosides): Building Blocks for Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Incorporation into Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1991)

Abstract Oligonucleotides continuing 3‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyguanosine ( I ) or its N 7 ‐regioisomer 2 were prepared by solid‐phase synthesis using P 111 chemistry. Protection of 1 or 2 with N , N V‐dimethylformamide diethyl acetal followed by 4,4′‐dimethoxytritylation afforded imidazo[4,5‐ c ]pyridines 10b and 11b , respectively. The latter were converted into the 3′‐phosphonates 10 c or lie, respectively; the cyanoethyl N , N ‐diisopropylphosphoramidite 10d was also prepared. The oligonucleotide building blocks were employed in automated solid‐phase synthesis. 1 he self‐complementary oligomers 13 , 15 , and 17 were prepared and characterized by enzymatic hydrolysis with snake‐venom phosphodiesterase followed by alkaline phosphatase. There CD spectra exhibited the general structure of a B‐DNA.
Sixth nerve palsy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2003)

A 45-year-old man ⇓ who had a 12 pack-year smoking history presented with a 7-month history of headaches and acute horizontal diplopia and dizziness. Examination revealed only a complete right abduction deficit. After undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed …
Conformational changes in env oligomer induced by an antibody dependent on the V3 loop base (2003)

The conserved epitopes exposed by B4e8 are similar to those exposed by the movement of the variable loops following CD4 engagement. Further studies with select antibody combinations should provide important information for the design of effective immunotherapeutic agents.
Properties of Phased Arrays (1960)

This paper discusses in some detail the scanning properties of planar and linear phased arrays consisting of a large number of equispaced radiators, either omnidirectional or directive. Assuming that a suitable beam shape and sidelobe level in the broadside direction have been attained, it is shown how scanning of the array through introduction of a phase delay into the wave front distorts this pattern and introduces new sidelobes. The study uses contour maps of the antenna pattern in "sin θ-space," which is a projection of the unit sphere on the plane of the array. In this space the antenna pattem remains invariant with scan angle and merely undergoes a translation proportional to the phase delay between adjacent radiators. Using a parallel projection of the unit sphere onto the plane of the array, the actual antenna pattems are then readily obtained in conventional spherical coordinates. This method also permits ready evaluation of the influence of the directivity of the radiating elements, including a slight shift of the beam maximum with respect to that of an array of isotropic radiators. Furthermore, a pictorial representation of the coverage of a tilted planar array of given scanning properties can be obtained in terms of an earth-fixed coordinate systerr. Finally, it is shown how the beam-pointing error in a phased array is related to systematic errors in the phase delay.
Structural Determinants of Heparan Sulphate Modulation of GDNF Signalling (2003)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has many functions including regulation of kidney morphogenesis and of neuron growth and survival in the enteric, sensory and central nervous systems. Reports of GDNF being used against Parkinson's disease in human patients have sparked intense clinical interest in GDNF signalling. We recently showed that GDNF signalling requires cell surface heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycans (Barnett et al., 2002, J. Cell Sci. 115, 4495-4503). Here we use exogenous modified heparins to determine those structural features required to inhibit GDNF signalling in ex vivo assays. 2-O-sulphate groups were found to impart high activity but were not absolute requirements for the inhibition of GDNF signalling. These findings may explain the similarities between the phenotypes of transgenic mice lacking GDNF and those lacking heparan sulphate 2-sulphotransferase, the enzyme responsible for achieving 2-O-sulphation of uronic acids in vivo.
Novel Anther-Specific<i>myb</i>Genes from Tobacco as Putative Regulators of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Expression (2001)

Two cDNA clones (NtmybAS1 and NtmybAS2) encoding MYB-related proteins with strong sequence similarity to petunia (Petunia hybrida) PhMYB3 were isolated from a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun) pollen cDNA library. Northern blot and in situ hybridization revealed that NtmybAS transcripts are specifically expressed in both sporophytic and gametophytic tissues of the anther including tapetum, stomium, vascular tissue, and developing pollen. Random binding site selection assays revealed that NtMYBAS1 bound to DNA sequences closely resembling consensus MYB binding sites MBSI and MBSIIG, with a higher affinity for MBSI. Transient expression analyses of the N-terminal MYB domain demonstrated the presence of functional nuclear localization signals, and full-length NtMYBAS1 was able to activate two different phenylalanine ammonia-lyase promoters (PALA and gPAL1) in tobacco leaf protoplasts. Similar analysis of truncated NtmybAS1 cDNAs identified an essential, C-terminal trans-activation domain. Further in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated strict co-expression of NtmybAS and gPAL1 in the tapetum and stomium. Despite abundant expression of NtmybAS transcripts in mature pollen, gPAL1 transcripts were not detectable in pollen. Our data demonstrate that NtMYBAS1 is a functional anther-specific transcription factor, which is likely to be a positive regulator of gPAL1 expression and phenylpropanoid synthesis in sporophytic, but not in gametophytic, tissues of the anther.
Na and Ca channels in a transformed line of anterior pituitary cells. (1984)

The ionic conductances of GH3 cells, a transformed line from rat anterior pituitary, have been studied using the whole-cell variant of the patch-clamp technique (Hamill et al., 1981). Pipettes of very low resistance were used, which improved time resolution and made it possible to control the ion content of the cell interior, which equilibrated very rapidly with the pipette contents. Time resolution was further improved by using series resistance compensation and "ballistic charging" of the cell capacitance. We have identified and partially characterized at least three conductances, one carrying only outward current, and the other two normally inward. The outward current is absent when the pipette is filled with Cs+ instead of K+, and has the characteristics of a voltage-dependent potassium conductance. One of the two inward conductances (studied with Cs+ inside) has fast activation, inactivation and deactivation kinetics, is blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX), and has a reversal potential at the sodium equilibrium potential. The other inward current activates more slowly and deactivates with a quick phase and a very slow phase after a short pulse. Either Ca++ or Ba++ serves as current carrier. During a prolonged pulse, current inactivates fairly completely if there is at least 5 mM Ca++ outside, and the amplitude of the current tails following the pulse diminishes with the time course of inactivation. When Ba++ entirely replaces Ca++ in the external medium, there is no inactivation, but deactivation kinetics of Ca channels vary as pulse duration increases: the slow phase disappears, the fast phase grows in amplitude. Inactivation (Ca++ outside) is unaltered by 50 mM EGTA in the pipette: inactivation cannot be the result of internal accumulation of Ca++.
Midterm Results of Uterine Artery Embolization for Symptomatic Adenomyosis: Initial Experience (2005)

Even if short-term results of uterine artery embolization to treat adenomyosis appear encouraging, midterm results are disappointing, with only 55% of treated patients showing clinical improvement after 2 years.
Growth Kinetics of ZnO Nanorods:  Capping-Dependent Mechanism and Other Interesting Features (2008)

Although the growth of nanocrystals has been investigated by several workers, investigations of the growth of 1-D nanostructures have been limited. We have investigated the growth kinetics of both uncapped and poly(vinyl pyrollidone) (PVP)-capped ZnO nanorods carefully by a combined use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) which provide direct information on size and shape and compensate for the deficiency of each other. Values of average length and diameter of the ZnO nanorods obtained by TEM and SAXS are comparable. In the presence of the capping agent, the length of the nanorods grows faster while the diameter becomes narrower. The length distribution shows periodic changes in the width in the case of the uncapped nanorods, a feature absent in the case of the capped nanorods. In the absence of the capping agent, we observe the presence of small nanocrystals next to the nanorods after a lapse of time. The occurrence of small nanocrystals as well as the periodic focusing and defocusing of the width of the length distribution lend support to the diffusion-limited growth model for the growth of uncapped ZnO nanorods. Accordingly, the time dependence of the length of uncapped nanorods follows the L3 law as required for diffusion-limited Ostwald ripening, while the PVP-capped nanorods show a time dependence which is best described by a combination of diffusion and surface reaction with a L3 + L2 type behavior. Collapse of all distribution curves obtained at different times of the reaction into a single universal Gaussian in the case of the PVP-capped nanorods also shows that the growth mechanism is more complex than Ostwald ripening.
Cellular interactions in effector cell generation and tumor regression mediated by anti-CD3/interleukin 2-activated tumor-draining lymph node cells. (1992)

Previous studies have demonstrated that progressive growth of the weakly immunogenic MCA 106 murine sarcoma stimulated, in the draining lymph nodes, the production of tumor-sensitized but not fully functional preeffector lymphocytes. These lymphocytes could develop into specific immune effector cells after sequential in vitro activation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and interleukin 2 (IL-2). In this study, we analyzed cellular requirements for in vivo sensitization of preeffector cells, for generation of immune effector cells by the method of anti-CD3/IL-2 activation, and for adoptive immunotherapy mediated by activated cells. By selective depletion of T-cell subsets in vivo, we found that tumor regression after systemic adoptive immunotherapy required the collaboration of activated CD4+ and CD8+ cells. It was further demonstrated that CD8+ immune cells alone could mediate antitumor effects if exogenous IL-2 was provided in vivo. These results suggest that CD8+ cells served as immediate effector cells, whereas CD4+ immune cells provided a helper function via the secretion of IL-2. During in vitro anti-CD3/IL-2 activation, generation of effector cells depended on the collaborative interaction between previously sensitized CD4+ and CD8+ preeffector cells. At the stage of in vitro activation, the addition of IL-2 could not substitute the function of CD4+ cells. We next examined whether the sensitization of preeffector cells in the draining lymph nodes required cellular interactions between CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. By in vivo depletion of T-cell subsets during tumor growth, we found that CD4+ cells were sensitized independently of CD8+ cells. More interestingly, in vivo sensitization of CD8+ preeffector cells also occurred independently in the absence of a CD4+ helper cell response. The lack of T-cell-T-cell interactions in vivo may explain the failure of effector cell generation during progressive tumor growth. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the anti-CD3/IL-2 activation defines an immune response distinct from many previously described mechanisms of antitumor immune responses.
Assessment of switching speed of optical bistability in semiconductor laser amplifiers (1986)

Measured hysteresis characteristics are presented for a bistable Fabry-Perot laser amplifier operating at high switching rates. The results show that optical bistability ceases to be evident at a repetition frequency of around 250 MHz, corresponding to a data rate of 500 Mbit/s, which indicates switching times commensurate with the carrier recombination time.
Temperature Programmed Microbore HPLC--Part I (1984)

Two systems for temperature programming microbore HPLC columns are described providing temperature control in the range of −60 to 180°C. Reproducibility of temperature programmed retention times is shown to be 2%, which compares favorably to reproducibility obtained with gradient elution. Chromatograms comparing temperature programmed LC and isothermal conditions are shown for a series of alkylbenzenes run under three isocratic solvent compositions. The temperature programmed systems provide reduced analysis times, increased peak capacity, and easy control of selectivity. For some situations, temperature programmed LC produces chromatograms equivalent to those obtained with gradient elution techniques. Evidence indicating two types of solute/stationary phase interaction is observed at low temperatures.
Micro-ball Bump Technology For Fine-pitch Interconnections (1997)

Micro-ball bump technology has been dcvelopcd for high density flip chip (FC) intcrconnections of high performance LSI chips. This technology consists of (1) the production mcthod of fine metal balls (microballs) w ith high accuracy in size and good sphericity in shapc and (2) the gang-bonding method of thc micro-balls on thc electrodes of chips in ordcr to form bumps (micro-ball bumps) for FC interconnections . Gold or solder balls of 35-15Op m in diameter werc prepared. A fter holding the balls on thc through-holes of an arrangement plate by a vacuum suction method, thc micro-balls arc bondcd onto the clectrodes of thc chips. Using an originally devclopcd micro-ball mounter, the balls are successfully arrangcd on the arrangemcnj plate without cxcess a nd lack of balls with 50 p m pitch or lcss. 1.INTRODU CTION One of the earliest flip chip(FC)
Anti-PcrV antibody strategies against virulent<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2014)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes fatal acute lung infections in critically ill individuals. Its pathogenesis is associated with bacterial virulence conferred by the type III secretion system (TTSS), through which P. aeruginosa causes necrosis of the lung epithelium and disseminates into the circulation, resulting in bacteremia, sepsis, and mortality. TTSS allows P. aeruginosa to directly translocate cytotoxins into eukaryotic cells, inducing cell death. The P. aeruginosa V-antigen PcrV, a homolog of the Yersinia V-antigen LcrV, is an indispensable contributor to TTS toxin translocation. Vaccination against PcrV ensures the survival of challenged mice and decreases lung inflammation and injury. Both the rabbit polyclonal anti-PcrV antibody and the murine monoclonal anti-PcrV antibody, mAb166, inhibit TTS toxin translocation. mAb166 IgG was cloned, and a molecular engineered humanized anti-PcrV IgG antigen-binding fragment, KB001, was developed for clinical use. KB001 is currently undergoing Phase-II clinical trials for ventilator-associated pneumonia in France and chronic pneumonia in cystic fibrosis in USA. In these studies, KB001 has demonstrated its safety, a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, and promising potential as a nonantibiotic strategy to reduce airway inflammation and damage in P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
Accumulation of Glycinebetaine in Rice Plants that Overexpress Choline Monooxygenase from Spinach and Evaluation of their Tolerance to Abiotic Stress (2006)

In the CMO-expressing rice plants, the localization of spinach CMO and of endogenous BADHs might be different and/or the catalytic activity of spinach CMO in rice plants might be lower than it is in spinach. These possibilities might explain the low levels of GB in the transgenic rice plants. It was concluded that CMO-expressing rice plants were not effective for accumulation of GB and improvement of productivity.
A flexible software architecture for multi-modal service robots (2006)

In this paper we propose a novel concept for the programming of multi-modal service robots. The presented software architecture eases the development of high-level applications for service robots. The software architecture is based upon the roblet-technology, which is a powerful medium for robots. It introduces the possibility to develop, compile and execute an application on one workstation. Since the roblet-technology uses Java the development is independent of the operation system. With the feature of running programs as a distributed software, the framework allows running algorithms which need great computation power on different machines which provide this power. In this way, it greatly improves programming and testing of applications in service robotics. The concept is evaluated in the context of the service robot TASER of the TAMS Institute at the University of Hamburg. This robot consists of a mobile platform with two manipulators equipped with artificial hands. Several multimodal input and output devices for interaction round off the robot
Set-and-see switch-level simulation for VLSI functional verification (2002)

An interactive "set-and-see" simulator combines the Magic VLSI layout editor [Ousterhout, et al., 1984] and the Esim switch-level simulator [Terman, 1983] in a unique way. From the layout editor, the designer can extract, flatten, and initialize the circuit for simulation. The designer can set logic values of nodes interactively and see the resulting (simulated) node values displayed directly on the layout. The set-and-see simulator suggests the same mode of operation with other editors/simulators.
Optimization and testing of mass spectral library search algorithms for compound identification (1994)

Five algorithms proposed in the literature for library search identification of unknown compounds from their low resolution mass spectra were optimized and tested by matching test spectra against reference spectra in the NIST-EPA-NIH Mass Spectral Database. The algorithms were probability-based matching (PBM), dot-product, Hertz et al. similarity index, Euclidean distance, and absolute value distance. The test set consisted of 12,592 alternate spectra of about 8000 compounds represented in the database. Most algorithms were optimized by varying their mass weighting and intensity scaling factors. Rank in the list of candidatc compounds was used as the criterion for accuracy. The best performing algorithm (75% accuracy for rank 1) was the dot-product function that measures the cosine of the angle between spectra represented as vectors. Other methods in order of performance were the Euclidean distance (72%), absolute value distance (68%) PBM (65%), and Hertz et al. (64%). Intensity scaling and mass weighting were important in the optimized algorithms with the square root of the intensity scale nearly optimal and the square or cube the best mass weighting power. Several more complex schemes also were tested, but had little effect on the results. A modest improvement in the performance of the dot-product algorithm was made by adding a term that gave additional weight to relative peak intensities for spectra with many peaks in common.
The Impact of German Technology on the Royal Canadian Navy in the Battle of the Atlantic, 1942-1943 (1997)

The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) destroyed five German U-boats in two months during the summer of 1942, after sinking only two enemy submarines in the first three years of the war. Canadian anti-submarine escorts then hit a dry spell, which lasted almost four months before they sank their next U-boat. To date, this brief period of success has been thought of largely as a coincidence or something of an anomaly. Many naval historians have observed this phenomenon but no one has adequately explained the reason for this brief surge in sinkings by the RCN, or considered the implications of German technological advances for Canadian warships.