gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principal Factor Waveforms of the Thoracic QRS Complex (1964)

High-speed, high-fidelity recordings from 150 to 180 systematically spaced points over the thoracic surface of both a dog and a man have yielded detailed maps of QRS waveforms. With the aid of digital computer analysis, these waveforms have been resolved into the minimum number of mathematically uncorrelated waveforms necessary for adequate resynthesis of all the original QRS complexes. Under the conditions imposed by the experimental design, seven (in the dog) and eight (in the man) such waveforms, or principal factors, were found. Maps were constructed for both the contribution of each principal factor to the various regions of the chest and also for the degree of reproducibility of the original waveforms by successive addition of the principal factors. The first three factors accounted for an average of 92.8% of the available information on the chest in the dog and 85.4% in the man. A resynthesis of over 99% of the information was achieved for both subjects when all remaining principal factors were also employed. This necessity for more than three factors or generating functions for reproduction of all the known surface potentials was interpreted as strong support to the equivalent multipole concept of the electrocardiographic generator. In addition, the reduction of total surface information into a compact set of waveforms of specified distribution opens an experimental avenue to the examination of such concepts in living subjects.
Supercritical Fluid Deposition Of Thin Metal Films: Kinetics, Mechanics And Applications (2021)

In order to meet the demands of the continuous scaling of electronic devices, new technologies have been developed over the years. As we approach the newest levels of miniaturization, current technologies, such as physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition, are reaching a limitation in their ability to successfully fabricate nano sized electronic devices. Supercritical fluid deposition (SFD) is a demonstrated technology that provides excellent step coverage for the deposition of metals and metal oxides within narrow, high aspect ratio features. This technique shows the potential to satisfy the demands of integrated circuit miniaturization while maintaining a cost effective process needed to keep the technology competitive. In order to complement SFD technology heuristics for scale-up, an understanding of the deposition mechanism and kinetics and resolution of integration issues such as interfacial film adhesion must be resolved. It is critical to have a fundamental understanding of the chemistry behind the reaction process in supercritical fluid deposition. For this purpose, a detailed kinetic study of the deposition of ruthenium from bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato) (1,5-cyclooctadiene) ruthenium(II) is carried out so that growth rate orders and a mechanism can be established. These predictive kinetic results provide the means to control the reaction which allows for overall optimization of the process. Reliability is of the utmost importance for fabricated devices since they must withstand harsh steps in the fabrication process as well as perform and last under standard and extreme usage conditions. One issue of reliability is assessed by addressing the adhesion of the metallization layers deposited by SFD. A quantitative determination of the interfacial adhesion energy of as deposited and pretreated copper metallization layers from SFD onto barrier layers is used to determine the potential for integration of these films for industry standards. Extension of the basics of SFD by performing co-deposition of multiple compounds, layer-by-layer deposition for device fabrication and integration with other unique technologies for novel applications demonstrates the ability of this technique to satisfy a wide range of commercial applications and be used as the basis for new technologies. Co-depositions of Ce/Pt, Co/Pt, Ba/Ti and Nd/Ni for the fabrication of functional direct methanol fuel cell electrodes, magnetic alloys for media storage applications, high k dielectric films for alternative energy storage devices and alternative materials for solid oxide fuel cell cathodes, respectively, are performed. Layer-by-layer deposition with masking is used to fabricate nanometer scale capacitors. Finally, plasma spray technology is combined with the rapid expansion of supercritical solvents technique to form a novel, patent pending, process that is used to fabricate next generation photovoltaic cells.
Enhancement of mass transfer by ultrasound: Application to adsorbent regeneration and food drying/dehydration (2016)

The physical mechanisms of heat and mass transfer enhancement by ultrasound have been identified by people. Basically, the effect of ‘cavitation’ induced by ultrasound is the main reason for the enhancement of heat and mass transfer in a liquid environment, and the acoustic streaming and vibration are the main reasons for that in a gaseous environment. The adsorbent regeneration and food drying/dehydration are typical heat and mass transfer process, and the intensification of the two processes by ultrasound is of complete feasibility. This paper makes an overview on recent studies regarding applications of power ultrasound to adsorbent regeneration and food drying/dehydration. The concerned adsorbents include desiccant materials (typically like silica gel) for air dehumidification and other ones (typically active carbon and polymeric resin) for water treatment. The applications of ultrasound in the regeneration of these adsorbents have been proved to be energy saving. The concerned foods are mostly fruits and vegetables. Although the ultrasonic treatment may cause food degradation or nutrient loss, it can greatly reduce the food processing time and decrease drying temperature. From the literature, it can be seen that the ultrasonic conditions (i.e., acoustic frequency and power levels) are always focused on during the study of ultrasonic applications. The increasing number of relevant studies argues that ultrasound is a very promising technology applied to the adsorbent regeneration and food drying/dehydration.
MoGA: Searching Beyond MobileNetV3 (2019)

The evolution of MobileNets has laid a solid foundation for neural network applications on mobile end. With the latest MobileNetV3, neural architecture search again claimed its supremacy in network design. Unfortunately, till today all mobile methods mainly focus on CPU latencies instead of GPU, the latter, however, is much preferred in practice for it has faster speed, lower overhead and less interference. Bearing the target hardware in mind, we propose the first Mobile GPU-Aware (MoGA) neural architecture search in order to be precisely tailored for real-world applications. Further, the ultimate objective to devise a mobile network lies in achieving better performance by maximizing the utilization of bounded resources. Urging higher capability while restraining time consumption is not reconcilable. We alleviate the tension by weighted evolution techniques. Moreover, we encourage increasing the number of parameters for higher representational power. With 200x fewer GPU days than MnasNet, we obtain a series of models that outperform MobileNetV3 under the similar latency constraints, i.e., MoGA-A achieves 75.9% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet, MoGA-B meets 75.5% which costs only 0.5 ms more on mobile GPU. MoGA-C best attests GPU-awareness by reaching 75.3% and being slower on CPU but faster on GPU.The models and test code is made available here https://github.com/xiaomi-automl/MoGA.
Tungsten-rhenium filament lifetime variability in low pressure oxygen environments (2005)

Accelerated life-testing of tungsten-rhenium filaments in oxygen rich environments has been performed to investigate the longevity of the devices as a function of electron emission intensity and power cycling methodology. The lifetimes of such filaments are found to be independent of the electron emission level over typical operating ranges, but the turn-on/off sequence is found to have important life-span consequences. A gradual turn-on cycle lasting several minutes results in substantially extended lifetimes, ostensibly by reducing the thermal shock associated with more abrupt power cycling.
Enhancement for Synthesis of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductor by the Spray Drying and Subsequent Calcination with Rapid Heating (1991)

The synthetic processing of a Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor by the spray drying and subsequent calcination was examined. The nitrate solution of the superconductor was spray dried and then promptly, the spray-dried powder was decomposed at the temperature in the stable range of the high T c phase for relatively short time (1-2 hours). Other homogeneous starting materials could not react to the high T c phase in such a short time. The results suggest that the optimum condition at which to synthesize the high T c phase is not only homogeneity, but also the condition of the precursor and reaction method.
Visualization of Entities Within Social Media: Toward Understanding Users' Needs (2013)

Social media platforms are taking a more central role in enterprises to enable employees to communicate, share knowledge, and self-organize outside the traditional organizational chart. As a result, new tools are needed to help users process, understand, and make decisions based on the complex relationships between the people, communities, and content in these new online social structures. To understand user needs and preferences, we developed fourteen social media data visualization concepts and conducted a user evaluation of these concepts. Both the usefulness of the underlying data relationships and the usability of each data visualization concept were evaluated. We found divergent, and in some cases, counter-intuitive preferences among users, such as the desire for “big picture” visualization but with filtering on key topics or people of interest. In addition, several “modes of operation” were identified to help explain the variety of responses and highlight the competing information processing issues users contend with to achieve their goals.
Individual Blade Pitch Control for Load Reduction (2002)

Abstract If a pitch‐regulated wind turbine has individual pitch actuators for each blade, the possibility arises to send different pitch angle demands to each blade. The possibility of using this as a way of reducing loads has been suggested many times over the years, but the idea has yet to gain full commercial acceptance. There are a number of reasons why this situation may be set to change, and very significant load reductions can result. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate SPICE models for CMOS analog radiation-hardness-by-design (2005)

A new accurate modeling technique based on conformal mapping provides SPICE models for edgeless field-effect transistors (FETs) with arbitrary gate geometries for analog radiation-hardness-by-design. Generated models are compared to data measured from FETs with annular and other geometries fabricated on TSMC 0.25 /spl mu/m and 0.18 /spl mu/m processes. Currents, output resistances and capacitances all typically agree to within 10% of measured data. Application of the model to alternative gate geometries useful for analog radiation hardened design is explored.
Effects of beta-glucanase on the feeding value of broiler diets based on barley or oats (1986)

En fonction de la composition de la ration de base et de la quantite d'enzyme ajoutee on observe une amelioration de l'efficacite alimentaire des rations
Emerging biologic therapies in rheumatoid arthritis: cell targets and cytokines (2005)

The response of rheumatoid arthritis to a wide spectrum of therapeutic strategies attests to the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease and provides further impetus for studies that use these therapies to enhance our understanding of disease pathogenesis.
Software Process Improvement Journey: IBM Australia Application Management Services (2005)

IBM Global Services Application Management Services (AMS) Australia provides application development and support services, on an outsourcing basis, to a variety of clients. Typically, the organization delivers more than 3,000 work products in a year, with over 1,000 projects completed within overall schedule, budget, and productivity commitments. Client expectations of service standards increase year by year, requiring corresponding improvements in service delivery capability. In July 1997, IBM Australia began providing application management services to a major client. Services were initially provided by over 2,500 staff members in 17 locations, servicing over 370 applications accessed by more than 55,000 users. Over the next six years, the service delivery teams were transformed into an organization whose practices have now been formally assessed at Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) for Systems Engineering and Software Engineering, Version 1.1 (CMMI-SE/SW, V 1.1) maturity level 5. Significant improvements to software practices led to improvements in cost, on-time delivery, on-budget delivery, and client satisfaction achievements. Over the same period, an application development productivity improvement of 76 percent delivered cost savings of A$412 million. In May 2004, the Software Process Achievement Award Committee selected AMS Australia to receive a Software Process Achievement Award in recognition of those achievements. This report describes the history and experiences of the process improvement initiatives that transformed the AMS Australia organization.
Synthesis of a Chemiluminescent Acridinium Hydroxylamine (AHA) for the Direct Detection of Abasic Sites in DNA (1999)

[structure: see text] The synthesis of a chemiluminescent acridinium hydroxylamine (AHA) for the direct detection of abasic sites in damaged nucleic acids is described. The reagent reacts readily with abasic sites of damaged calf thymus DNA generated in a time-dependent manner under acid/heat depurination conditions. Preliminary results indicate the sensitivity of the direct chemiluminescent detection format is approximately 0.1 abasic sites detected per 10(6) nucleotides using as little as 200 ng of DNA.
Comments, with reply, on "Noninvasive estimation of cardiac output (1993)

The commenters clarify some aspects of a circuit technique presented with the above-titled paper by W. Welkowitz et al. (ibid., vol.38, p.1100-5, 1991). They conclude that the method cannot provide flow estimation starting from proximal and distal pressure measurements only. The authors show why they believe their procedures to be valid.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
No hiding place for BOB inside myeloma (2017)

In this issue of Blood, Jahn and colleagues have demonstrated that T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer can produce cytotoxic T cells that are capable of eliminating myeloma cells in vivo.(1) The therapeutic TCR can equip human T cells with specificity for octamer binding protein-1 (BOB1), a transcription coactivator that is expressed in normal B cells, multiple myeloma, and B-lineage malignancies, thus providing novel options for immunotherapy of B-cell tumors that do not express CD19 or other surface antigens suitable for targeting with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–engineered T cells (see figure).
Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase Is a Founder Member of a Novel Family of Enzymes (2003)

Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the reversible esterification of vitamin A using lecithin as the acyl donor. LRAT is the founder member of a new class of enzymes, which include class II tumor suppressors, proteins essential for development, and putative proteases. All of these proteins possess Cys and His residues homologous to C161 and H60 of LRAT. These two residues are shown here to be essential for LRAT activity and are part of a catalytic dyad reminiscent of that found in thiol proteases. However, the local primary sequence contexts of C161 and H60 of LRAT and family are not at all homologous to those found in the approximately 20 thiol protease families. Moreover, LRAT shows pKs of 8.3 and 10.8, compared to approximately 4.0 and 8.5 observed in the thiol proteases. LRAT also contains Gln177 and Asp67 residues, which are largely conserved in the homologues. However, neither of these residues is essential for catalysis. Thiol proteases often contain catalytically essential Asp or Gln residues. It is concluded that LRAT is the founder member of a new class of Cys-His enzymes with diverse functions.
Tissue‐specific up‐regulation of the proteasome subunit β5i (LMP7) in Sjögren's syndrome (2006)

Tissue-specific up-regulation of beta5i (LMP7) mRNA was shown to be characteristic of SS, indicating a disease-specific modulation of the proteasome system. Expression of beta5i (LMP7) represents an independent parameter that can be used in addition to the focus score to distinguish SS in biopsied labial salivary glands.
The AMCAD real-time multiprocessor operating system (2003)

The Flight Control Division of the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory has been researching the application of fault-tolerant multiprocessor architectures and software to flight control and vehicle management systems. The Advanced Multiprocessor Control Architecture development (AMCAD) in-house project has developed a real-time multiprocessor operating system (RTMOS) targeted for the AMCAD laboratory testbed. The RTMOS is similar in structure to commercial real-time operating systems, but has been expanded to support coarse-grained multiprocessing, the reconfiguration of the workload in case of processor failure, and AMCAD's goal of hiding architecture specifies from the applications programmer. The authors discuss the structure and capabilities of the RTMOS, the intertask communications protocols and structures, and the application programmer interface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A variable-coverage satellite antenna system (1971)

A multibeam antenna system and-combiner switch capable of producing a variable-coverage radiation pattern are described. The antenna consists of a waveguide lens illuminated by a 19-element feedhorn array. The combiner switch consists of a corporate arrangement of variable power dividers; the latter is made up of two phase shifters and two conventional hybrid power-dividers. An earth-coverage radiation pattern with less than 2-dB ripple and an antenna gain ≈ 20 dB is obtained by equally exciting all beams of the muItibeam antenna simultaneously. Excitation of a single feedhorn results in a narrow beam with an antenna gain ≈ 30 dB and a near-in sidelobe level less -20 dB. The side|obe level can be reduced appreciably by appropriately exciting the adjacent feedhorns. The frequency bandwidth corresponding to 0.5-dB decrease in antenna gain is 10 percent. A technique for computing the radiation properties of the antenna is described; the agreement with measured data is shown to be excellent.
After the Shooting (2012)

Abstract With a legacy of strong support for fugitive slaves, at least by a committed minority, why was south central Pennsylvania not more welcoming toward African Americans after the Civil War? Factors include the disruption of the African American community, the departure of many antislavery activists and the death of others, and the persistence of social conservatism in some areas. A near lynching occurred in Franklin County in 1869. In just a few years, Democratic parades were parodying African Americans and the Freedmen's Bureau, and by 1920, large Ku Klux Klan rallies near Gettysburg. Local literature changed from supporting African Americans and the Underground Railroad to treating them as local color to an early 20th century book that denounced the Underground Railroad as lawlessness. Discrimination against African Americans persisted into the 1970s – the area's African American community lived “on the edge of freedom” for a century after the Civil War.
On the mechanism for efficient repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by glucocorticoids: enhancer, TATA box, and RNA start site (Inr motif) occlusion. (1990)

The feedback inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression by glucocorticoids represents a regulatory link between the endocrine and immune systems. The mechanism of the efficient repression of the IL-6 promoter by dexamethasone (Dex) was investigated in HeLa cells transiently transfected with plasmid constructs containing different IL-6 promoter elements linked to the herpesvirus thymidine kinase gene (tk) promoter and the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) and cotransfected with cDNA vectors constitutively expressing either the active wild-type or inactive mutant human glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The induction by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, phorbol ester, or forskolin of IL-6-tk-cat chimeric constructs containing a single copy of the IL-6 DNA segment from -173 to -151 (MRE I) or from -158 to -145 (MRE II), which derive from within the multiple cytokine- and second-messenger-responsive enhancer (MRE) region, was strongly repressed by Dex in a wild-type GR-dependent fashion irrespective of the inducer used. The induction by pseudorabies virus of an IL-6 construct containing the IL-6 TATA box and the RNA start site ("initiator" or Inr element) but not the MRE region was also repressed by Dex in the presence of wild-type GR. DNase I footprinting showed that the purified DNA-binding fragment of GR bound across the MRE, the TATA box, and the Inr site in the IL-6 promoter; this footprint overlapped that produced by proteins present in nuclear extracts from uninduced or induced HeLa cells. Imperfect palindromic nucleotide sequence motifs moderately related to the consensus GR-responsive element (GRE) motif were present at the Inr, the TATA box, and the MRE II site in the IL-6 promoter; although MRE I and a GR-binding site between -201 and -210 in IL-6 both lacked a discernible inverted repeat motif, their sequences showed considerable similarity with negative GRE sequences in other Dex-repressed genes. Surprisingly, chimeric genes containing MRE II, which lacks a recognizable GACGTCA cyclic AMP- and phorbol ester-responsive motif, were strongly induced by both phorbol ester and forskolin, suggesting that MRE II (ACATTGCACAATCT) may be the prototype of a novel cyclic AMP- and phorbol ester-responsive element. Taken together, these observations suggest that ligand-activated GR represses the IL-6 gene by occlusion not only of the inducible IL-6 MRE enhancer region but also of the basal IL-6 promoter elements.
Gesture-based animated CAPTCHA (2016)

Purpose This paper aims to describe the development of a new experimental CAPTCHA (completely automated public turing test to tell computers and humans apart), which is supposed to provide better protection against spam bots compared to the existing captcha solutions. Design/methodology/approach In the new CAPTCHA, the authors are using animated images of hand gestures to represent letters and numbers. A lot of people use sign language as their primary means of communication, but an automatic algorithm able to reliably recognize such gestures from videos without any additional data has yet to be developed. Findings The experiment showed that at first, it takes time for people who do not use sign languages in their everyday lives to adapt to the new CAPTCHA, but after several successful recognitions, they have no more trouble with it than with a typical captcha implementation. Originality/value The paper shows that people with little to no knowledge of sign languages can still recognize gestures on video relatively fast. Therefore, a gesture-based implementation can be used not only on websites aimed at sign language speakers but also as a general-purpose captcha service.