gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Kurarinol, Kuraridinol, and Trifolirhizin from Sophora flavescens on Tyrosinase and Melanin Synthesis (2008)

Previously, it was reported that some prenylated flavonoids contained in the dichloromethane fraction of the ethanolic extract of Sophora flavescens, such as kuraridin, sophoraflavanone G, kurarinone, and kushenol F, are tyrosinase inhibitors; however, based on the level of these inhibitors in the extract, its inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity was higher than expected. This has led us to further investigate other possible constituents that may contribute to the extract's strong inhibitory activity. The results of this study indicate that kurarinol (1), kuraridinol (2), and trifolirhizin (3), from the ethyl acetate fraction of Sophora extract, can inhibit tyrosinase activity. Compared with kojic acid (16.22+/-1.71 microM), compounds 1-3 possessed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC(50) values of 8.60+/-0.51, 0.88+/-0.06, and 506.77+/-4.94 microM, respectively. These three compounds were further tested for their inhibitory effects on melanogenesis. In cultured B16 melanoma cells, 1-3 markedly inhibited (>50%) melanin synthesis at 50 microM. This is the first study indicating that 1-3 exert varying degrees of inhibition on tyrosinase-dependent melanin biosynthesis, and therefore, are candidates as skin-whitening agents.
Direct Thermal Fluorination of Single Wall Carbon Nanohorns (2004)

Single wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) were fluorinated to form more attractive nanohorns that have characteristic structural and adsorptive properties. Nitrogen adsorption, XPS, and TEM studies elucidated the surface states and the morphologies of fluorinated SWNHs (F−SWNHs). The XPS results of F−SWNHs showed that the nature of C−F bonds changed from semi-ionic to covalent with an increase in the fluorination temperature. The N2 adsorption isotherm indicated that the total amount of N2 adsorption on SWNHs fluorinated at 303 and 373 K was smaller than that of pristine SWNHs. After fluorination at 473 K, nanoorder windows were produced on the sidewalls of SWNHs without a change in the shape of each horn and aggregate. Therefore, the SWNHs fluorinated at 473 K can adsorb N2 molecules on the internal surfaces of nanohorns through the nanowindows.
Carbon monoxide reaction with UO2(111) single crystal surfaces: A theoretical and experimental study (2005)

The reaction of CO has been investigated on the surfaces of UO2(111) single crystal. Over the stoichiometric surface CO does not adsorb at 300K and no further reaction is noticed. Over UO2−x (prepared by Ar+ bombardment), CO molecules adsorb and in presence of traces of H2 they couple to form acetylene molecules that desorb in two temperature domains during temperature programmed desorption (TPD). In the presence of excess H2 the coupling product is found to be ethylene. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the core level shows the presence of an U4f line at 377eV on the UO2−x surface, attributed to U metal. This line disappears upon CO adsorption (5L and above) at 300K; indicating oxidation of U metal atoms by O from dissociatively adsorbed CO. XPS C1s shows that the only C containing species formed is carbide. Computation of a α-U metal 2d-periodic slab was also conducted using plane-wave pseudopotential in the density functional theoretical framework. Two modes of CO adsorption were considered: mo...
Characterisation of the progesterone receptor on canine spermatozoa (2005)

The present study was conducted to characterise and localise the progesterone receptor (PR) on canine spermatozoa. Using a progesterone-bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (PBF) and different monoclonal antibodies (C262 and NCL-PGR against the steroid binding domain and N-terminus of intracellular PR, respectively, and h151 against the hinge domain of the intracellular oestrogen receptor), the PR was identified on the plasma membrane over the acrosomal region. Two proteins (54 kDa and 65 kDa) were detected by recognition of the three monoclonal antibodies using Western blotting. PBF labelling was observed in the majority of cauda epididymal spermatozoa (63 +/- 4%), but this labelling was markedly reduced (33 +/- 17%) after the addition of canine seminal plasma. Over a 7-h capacitation, the proportion of ejaculated spermatozoa exhibiting PBF labelling (indicating the presence of the PR) increased from 18 +/- 10% (onset) to 59 +/- 7% by 5 h, where it plateaued. Progesterone (P 4 ) induced the acrosome reaction (AR) in a dose-dependent manner (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 ug/mL P 4 corresponding to 10 +/- 5%, 16 +/- 9%, 23 +/- 7% and 30 +/- 7%). Pre-treatment of capacitated spermatozoa with canine seminal plasma reduced the incidence of the P 4 -induced AR (12 +/- 5%). In addition, treatment with the monoclonal antibodies significantly reduced the incidence of the P 4 -induced AR (10 microg/mL) in capacitated ejaculated spermatozoa from 19 +/- 6% to 11 +/- 4% (h151, 1 : 10) and 12 +/- 6% (C262, 1 : 10), respectively. A typical Scatchard plot revealed one binding with high affinity and low capacity, and another binding with low affinity and high capacity, suggesting at least two different characteristic PR. Taken together, these results demonstrate that P 4 induced the AR in a dose-dependent manner via functional transmembranal receptors in the acrosomal region of the canine sperm plasma membrane. The characteristics of this membrane receptor seem similar to those of other mammalian spermatozoa, and it shows structural homology to the intracellular PR.
Optical waveguide cantilever actuated by light (2008)

We present experimental studies and theoretical analysis of a microcantilever working as an optical waveguide metallized from one side and actuated by light propagating inside it. Light absorbed in the metallic layer increases the temperature of the bimetallic structure and induces the cantilever bending. Dynamical properties of the cantilevers were studied using actuation by light modulated at frequencies of up to 800Hz. The deflection of the cantilever by 400nm was obtained while 0.25mW of light power was coupled inside it.
The Effect of Cold on Adrenergic Neurotransmission in Canine Saphenous Arteries and Veins (1988)

The effect of severe cold (5 to 10 degrees C) on adrenergic neurotransmission was compared in the isolated cutaneous (saphenous) artery and vein of the dog. The vein contracted to sympathetic nerve stimulation at temperatures as low as 10 degrees C; higher temperatures were needed for the artery to contract. Both blood vessels contracted to exogenous norepinephrine at temperatures as low as 5 degrees C. However, the contractile response to exogenous norepinephrine was less in the saphenous artery, and contractions to high K+ solution were depressed by cooling more in the artery than in the vein. During electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerves in saphenous arteries and veins previously incubated with labeled norepinephrine, progressive cooling from 37 to 5 degrees C caused a sharp decline in overflow of [3H]norepinephrine and its metabolites. However, overflow of labeled norepinephrine in both blood vessels continued at very cold temperatures. Thus the inability of the saphenous artery to contract to sympathetic nerve stimulation at 10 degrees C can be explained by a greater sensitivity of the arterial smooth muscle to the direct depressant effect of cold, rather than to a differential release or metabolism or norepinephrine in the arterial wall or a loss of responsiveness to norepinephrine at very cold temperatures.
Biochemistry of Fungi (1944)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Achievable Rate Optimization for Massive MIMO Enabled SWIPT Systems Over Downlink Rician Channels (2018)

This paper investigates the downlink transmission of massive multiple-input multiple-output-enabled simultaneous wireless information and power transfer systems in Rician fading channels. In the system, the base station is equipped with massive antennas to concurrently deliver information and energy to the users. While a portion of the harvested energy is utilized by the users to support the channel estimation, and the remaining is reserved as the supplement to the user battery for signal processing. The asymptotic expressions of the harvested energy and achievable rate are, respectively, derived, in the context of downlink scenario and line-of-sight propagation. With respect to the proposed system, two optimization problems are formulated, with the purposes of maximizing the system sum rate and the minimum rate among individual users, respectively. As both original problems are nonconvex and hard to solve, we propose a general iterative optimization framework to first decompose each of them into three subproblems, where the power allocation profiles, the channel estimation duration, and the power split ratios are optimized independently. The iteration is then carried out to update the solutions to each subproblem and finally approach the optimum of the original ones. The convergence and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms are proved and evaluated through both theoretical analysis and simulations. Results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can achieve the optimal transmission performance of the system with moderate complexity. Moreover, it can be further concluded that the maximum rate can be achieved if the harvested energy is fully devoted to pilot transmission.
Measurement of nanomolar dopamine diffusion using low-noise perfluorinated ionomer-coated carbon fiber microelectrodes and high-speed cyclic voltammetry (1989)

Several improvements in the fabrication and use of carbon fiber voltammetric microelectrodes (CFVMs) are described. These procedures did not involve oxidative treatment, but resulted in sensitivities and selectivities approaching those of treated CFVMs, without the inherent slow response times associated with the latter electrodes. To accomplish this we reduced CFVM noise by (1) improving the adhesive seal between the 8 microns o.d. carbon fiber and the glass insulation using vacuum, (2) snapping rather than cutting or beveling the fiber to be flush with the glass, and (3) using a concentrated electrolyte solution to make electrical contact with the fiber. System noise was reduced by digital smoothing and signal averaging. Selectivity of the CFVMs for dopamine over ascorbate was enhanced to better than 2000:1 by coating with Naflon, a perfluorinated cation exchange polymer, using a low (+0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl) electroplating potential. This low voltage also prevented electrode surface oxidation. To demonstrate the performance of our CFVMs, we used them in conjunction with high-speed cyclic voltammetry to accurately measure the diffusion coefficient of iontophoretically released dopamine at concentrations as low as 35 nM over distances of less than 200 microns in agarose gel.
Design for a Brain—2nd Edition (1960)

This is manifestly an important book: it is, at the same time a production characteristic of 1960. Since the first edition of some eight years ago, much has happened, more especially the rise of cybernetics and the appearance of information theory as a vigorous mathematical discipline.
Wave impact loads: The role of the flip-through (2006)

The impact of waves upon a vertical, rigid wall during sloshing is analyzed with specific focus on the modes that lead to the generation of a flip-through [M. J. Cooker and D. H. Peregrine, “A model for breaking wave impact pressures,” in Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering (ASCE, Delft, 1990), Vol. 2, pp. 1473–1486]. Experimental data, based on a time-resolved particle image velocimetry technique and on a novel free-surface tracking method [M. Miozzi, “Particle image velocimetry using feature tracking and Delaunay tessellation,” in Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics (2004)], are used to characterize the details of the flip-through dynamics while wave loads are computed by integrating the experimental pressure distributions. Three different flip-through modes are observed and studied in dependence on the amount and modes of air trapping. No air entrapment characterizes a “mode (a) flip-through,” engulfment of a single, well-formed air bubble is typical of a “mode (b)” event, while the generation of a fine-scale air-water mixing occurs for a “mode (c)” event. Upward accelerations of the flip-through jet exceeding 1500g have been measured and the generation/collapse process of a small air cavity is described in conjunction with the available pressure time histories. Predictions of the vertical pressure distributions made with the pressure-impulse model of Cooker and Peregrine [M. J. Cooker and D. H. Peregrine, “Pressure-impulse theory for liquid impact problems,” J. Fluid Mech. 297, 193 (1995)] show good agreement with the experimental data.
Chunkyspread: Heterogeneous Unstructured End System Multicast (2006)

Abstract — In order to maximize throughput in end-system multicast, it is necessary to have fine-grained control over the transmit load of each participating member. This both avoids bottlenecks where members are overloaded, and allows heterogeneous members to contribute as much transmit capacity as they are able or willing to. In this paper, we describe and simulate an unstructured end-system multicast protocol called Chunkyspread that provides members with fine-grained control over their transmit load, scales well, has relatively low latencies, and can tolerate high membership churn. Chunkyspread is designed as a flexible framework that easily incorporates different constraints and optimizations. For instance, it is straightforward to add titfor-tat or path disjointness as constraints to the system. This paper demonstrates the performance of Chunkyspread through extensive simulations, and provides partial validation of these simulations on Emulab. It also provides detailed comparisons with Splitstream, a structured heterogeneous end-system multicast protocol. The simulations show that Chunkyspread provides far better control over transmit load than Splitstream, while exhibiting comparable or better latency and responsiveness to churn.
A systematic measurement technique to characterize bimodal oscillation for CMOS Quadrature LC-VCO (2010)

This paper presents a theoretical analysis and control procedure of the bimodal oscillation phenomenon inherent to LC-tuned Quadrature voltage-controlled oscillators (QVCOs). A systematic start-up procedure is proposed to drive the quadrature VCO (QVCO) into the desirable mode of operation by controlling its initial conditions. This is the first reported approach in the published literature to the best of author's knowledge. The theory and the proposed methodology are validated with the measurement of a 13-GHz QVCO implemented in 90nm CMOS using NMOS current-coupling topology.
Some Problems Facing Danish Beekeeping (1970)

This article is based on one published recently in the Danish bee journal under the title “Hvor baerer det hen”—“Where is it leading?”. As head of the Bee Research Institute, now at Brødeskov, Dr. Hammer has been closely concerned with the ups and downs of beekeeping in Denmark ever since the last World War.Beekeepers in some of the other European countries face a situation in many ways similar to that described below. Details of the problems, and useful ways of tackling them, vary from country to country. But fundamentally the problems—which touch on the very survival of beekeeping—have much in common, and it is hoped that this report from Denmark may help to put some of them into perspective, and to show the extent to which they are shared. There is unfortunately no miracle solution to the problems, and each country must find its own way of coming to terms with them, using the widest possible basis of knowledge and experience.
The 5′-Nor Aristeromycin Analogues of 5′-Deoxy-5′-Methylthioadenosine and 5′-Deoxy-5′-Thiophenyladenosine (2014)

To extend the potential of 5'-noraristeromycin (and its enantiomer) as potential antiviral candidates, the enantiomers of the carbocyclic 5'-nor derivatives of 5'-methylthio-5'-deoxyadenosine and 5'-phenylthio-5'-deoxyadenosine have been synthesized and evaluated. None of the compounds showed meaningful antiviral activity.
The relation of phase noise and luminance contrast to overt attention in complex visual stimuli (2006)

Models of attention are typically based on difference maps in low-level features but neglect higher order stimulus structure. To what extent does higher order statistics affect human attention in natural stimuli? We recorded eye movements while observers viewed unmodified and modified images of natural scenes. Modifications included contrast modulations (resulting in changes to first- and second-order statistics), as well as the addition of noise to the Fourier phase (resulting in changes to higher order statistics). We have the following findings: (1) Subjects' interpretation of a stimulus as a "natural" depiction of an outdoor scene depends on higher order statistics in a highly nonlinear, categorical fashion. (2) Confirming previous findings, contrast is elevated at fixated locations for a variety of stimulus categories. In addition, we find that the size of this elevation depends on higher order statistics and reduces with increasing phase noise. (3) Global modulations of contrast bias eye position toward high contrasts, consistent with a linear effect of contrast on fixation probability. This bias is independent of phase noise. (4) Small patches of locally decreased contrast repel eye position less than large patches of the same aggregate area, irrespective of phase noise. Our findings provide evidence that deviations from surrounding statistics, rather than contrast per se, underlie the well-established relation of contrast to fixation.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) effects on withdrawal syndrome of heroin abusers. (2000)

The results indicate that high doses of ascorbic acid administered orally, may ameliorate the withdrawal syndrome of heroin addicts. Further studies are needed in order to estimate the dose- and time-dependent effects of ascorbic acid treatment, and to clarify its mechanisms of action in the withdrawal syndrome.
High Surface Area Tapes Produced with Functionalized Graphene (2011)

We describe a scalable method for producing continuous graphene networks by tape casting surfactant-stabilized aqueous suspensions of functionalized graphene sheets. Similar to all other highly connected graphene-containing networks, the degree of overlap between the sheets controls the tapes' electrical and mechanical properties. However, unlike other graphene-containing networks, the specific surface area of the cast tapes remains high (>400 m(2)·g(-1)). Exhibiting apparent densities between 0.15 and 0.51 g·cm(-3), with electrical conductivities up to 24 kS·m(-1) and tensile strengths over 10 MPa, these tapes exhibit the best combination of properties with respect to density heretofore observed for carbon-based papers, membranes, or films.
Biomimetische Synthese eines umgewendeten Porphyrinoids mit peripheren N‐Atomen (1989)

Stickstoffatome in der Peripherie statt im Innern des Moleküls kennzeichnen umgewendete Porphyrinoide, von denen als erstes 1 biomimetisch aus dem Hydroxymethylpyrrol 2 in 71% Ausbeute erhalten wurden. magnified image
Mitochondrial DNA rearrangement associated with fertility restoration and cytoplasmic reversion to fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L (1988)

Restoration of pollen fertility to cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) Phaseolus vulgaris by a nuclear restorer gene provides a system for studying nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. Introduction of a nuclear restorer gene to this CMS line of P. vulgaris (CMS-Sprite) results in a mitochondrial genome rearrangement similar to that observed upon spontaneous cytoplasmic reversion to fertility. Three spontaneous heritable cytoplasmic revertants were derived from CMS-Sprite. Five fully fertile restored lines were also produced by using restorer line R-351 (BC(3)F(3) populations). Comparison of the mitochondrial DNA restriction patterns of CMS-Sprite, the three fertile revertants, and the five restored lines revealed loss of a 6.0-kilobase (kb) Pst I fragment in all restored and revertant lines. Southern hybridizations with a 1.3-kb BamHI clone, internal to the 6.0-kb Pst I fragment, as a probe revealed two configurations of 6.0-kb homologous sequences in the sterile cytoplasm; one of the configurations was lost upon reversion or restoration. Mitochondrial DNA rearrangement has thus been observed upon restoration by a nuclear restorer gene in this CMS system.
Sequential-color voltage-adaptable RGB-LED backlight driving system with local dimming control for LCD panels (2009)

Higher luminance efficacy, faster response, lower power consumption, longer operation life, wider color gamut and environmental issues makes RGB LED backlight driving system suitable for high end LCD applications. In this paper, a sequential-color voltage-adaptable RGB LED backlight driving system with local dimming control for LCD panels is proposed. Using the topology proposed in this paper, the panel can be divided into 4 individual areas. A digitally-controlled multi-phase driving system for RGB LED lamp, a current sharing method, and a human machine interface (HMI) for dimming the backlight module will be presented. The output voltage is adjustable so that RGB LED maintains the desired string current and maximizes the efficiency. Finally, experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed system. Besides the presented system can successfully drive the RGB LED backlight module, and the color-mixing can be achieved using the developed HMI and driving system.
Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status as a Screening Test in Schizophrenia, I: Sensitivity, Reliability, and Validity (1999)

The RBANS appears to be a useful cognitive screening instrument in schizophrenia. The instrument may be a useful prognostic indicator and offers a means of assessing cognitive status.
TGF-b signaling in chondrocytes (2005)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) regulates a large variety of cellular activities. Binding of TGF- beta to its cell surface receptor triggers several signaling cascades, among which the TGF- beta -Smad pathway is the most extensively studied. TGF- beta also activates protein kinases, including MAPK, PKA and PKC, and modulates gene expression via its delicate interaction with other signaling pathways. During endochondral bone formation, TGF- beta acts as a potent inhibitor of the terminal differentiation of epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes. This effect appears to be primarily mediated by Smad molecules, although MAPK-ATF2 signaling is also involved. The rate of chondrocyte maturation is tightly regulated through the interactions of Smad-mediated signaling, the Wnt signaling pathway, and the transcription factor Runx2. Improving our understanding of the exact mechanisms underlying TGF- beta -mediated signaling pathways and their effects may greatly impact the diagnosis and treatment of many common orthopaedic diseases.
Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Malignant Glioma (2004)

More effective adjuvant treatments for malignant gliomas are needed. The applicability of immunological approaches in the treatment of these tumors warrants continued study.