gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated DNA Extraction for Real-Time PCR (2002)

We evaluated the MagNA Pure LC System (Roche Applied Science) for automated DNA extraction for use in mutation detection and allele quantification. The system uses magnetic silica beads that bind DNA to a silica surface and transfer DNA through various steps of the extraction process. This system can be linked to LightCycler assays for further automation. The LightCycler is an enclosed thermocycler with continuous monitoring for PCR quantification and allele discrimination (1)(2)(3). Combined MagNA Pure/LightCycler automation of sample preparation, amplification, and detection has the potential to reduce human error in sample tracking and to standardize DNA extraction and inoculation into the PCR mixture. The MagNA Pure/LightCycler system has been evaluated for infectious disease applications, detecting PCR product by crossing point (4)(5). In this study we compared the MagNA Pure LC DNA extraction with the Qiagen 9604 BioRobot (Qiagen) for real-time mutation detection and allele quantification.

We evaluated 280 samples with the MagNA Pure System and Qiagen 9604 BioRobot under an Internal Review Board-approved protocol for instrument validation. Genomic DNA was extracted from 200 μL of EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood by use of the MagNA Pure LC DNA Isolation Kit I (Roche Diagnostics), with its high-performance DNA protocol, and by the QIAamp 9604 DNA Blood BioRobot Kit (Qiagen) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Both methods initially use red blood cell lysis and a proteinase …
Preservative License Plate De-identification for Privacy Protection (2011)

Advances in imaging devices and web technologies have brought dramatic improvements in collecting, storing, and sharing images. The leakage of privacy information in the process becomes an important issue that has started drawing attention from both academia and industry. In this work, we study the problem of privacy preserving with focus on license plate number protecting in imagery. Specifically, we present a novel method for de-identifying license plate images with the least degradation in image visual quality for privacy protection. Unlike previous de-identification methods that pay little attention to the image quality preservation, our method, named inhomogeneous principal component blur (IPCB), adaptively blurs different pixels of a license plate by taking into account the prior distribution of sensitive information. We tested the proposed method on a public dataset in comparison with several popular de-identification methods. The evaluation shows that our method successfully de-identified the privacy information with the least damage of image quality when compared with several other solutions.
Pyrimidines. VII. 2-Amino-4-(substituted anilino)pyrimidines<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrimidines. VII. 2-Amino-4-(substituted anilino)pyrimidines1Darrell E. O'Brien, Fred Baiocchi, Roland K. Robins, and C. C. ChengCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 3, 1104–1107Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01050a551RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (330 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: New Imidazole Antifungal Agents Derived from Benzo[b]thiophene. (1986)

Abstract The compounds (IIIa) and (VIIa) are synthesized as described in the scheme.
Chemical- and photo-bleaching of brown and red hair (1987)

The color of mammalian hairs is mainly due to the presence of melanin pigments that are introduced into the keratinized cytoplasmic protein during the process of fiber formation. The melanins fall into two chemically distinct classes: eumelanin, derived from enzyme oxidation of DOPA, and pheomelanin, formed from 5-S-cysteinyl DOPA. The eumelanin is found in black and brown hair while pheomelanin is the red hair colorant. The changes in hair color that are attendant upon bleaching of hair with hydrogen peroxide or upon exposure to sunlight have been followed using reflectance measurements. Our data suggest that pheomelanin is more resistant than eumelanin to chemical or photo-degradation, a finding supported by a parallel series of in vitro experiments with the isolated pigments. We have also observed shifts in the hue of bleached tresses and have proposed an explanation of these in terms of changes in physical and spectral characteristics of the melanin pigment.
Increased proportion of mature NK cells is associated with successful imatinib discontinuation in chronic myeloid leukemia (2016)

Recent studies suggest that a proportion of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in deep molecular remission can discontinue the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment without disease relapse. In this multi-center, prospective clinical trial (EURO-SKI, NCT01596114) we analyzed the function and phenotype of T and NK cells and their relation to successful TKI cessation. Lymphocyte subclasses were measured from 100 imatinib-treated patients at baseline and 1 month after the discontinuation, and functional characterization of NK and T cells was done from 45 patients. The proportion of NK cells was associated with the molecular relapse-free survival as patients with higher than median NK-cell percentage at the time of drug discontinuation had better probability to stay in remission. Similar association was not found with T or B cells or their subsets. In non-relapsing patients the NK-cell phenotype was mature, whereas patients with more naïve CD56<sup>bright</sup> NK cells had decreased relapse-free survival. In addition, the TNF-α/IFN-γ cytokine secretion by NK cells correlated with the successful drug discontinuation. Our results highlight the role of NK cells in sustaining remission and strengthen the status of CML as an immunogenic tumor warranting novel clinical trials with immunomodulating agents.
The dynamics of drug-target interactions: drug-target residence time and its impact on efficacy and safety (2010)

The extent and duration of pharmacological action is determined by the lifetime of drug occupancy on a molecular target. This lifetime is defined by dynamic processes that control the rates of drug association and dissociation from the target. Recently, the term residence time has been coined to describe experimental measurements that can be related to the lifetime of the binary drug-target complex, and this in turn to durable, pharmacodynamic activity. The residence time concept and its impact on drug optimization are reviewed here. Examples are provided that demonstrate how a long residence time can improve drug efficacy in vivo. Additionally, optimization of drug-target residence time can help to mitigate off-target mediated toxicity, hence, improving drug safety and tolerability. Recent applications of the residence time concept to both drug discovery and development are also presented.
Hexitol Anhydrides. Synthesis and Structure of Arlitan, the 1,4-Monoanhydride of Sorbitol<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHexitol Anhydrides. Synthesis and Structure of Arlitan, the 1,4-Monoanhydride of Sorbitol1Sol Soltzberg, R. Max Goepp Jr., and Werner FreudenbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 6, 919–921Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01210a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01210a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resin Hemoperfusion for Unconjugated Bilirubin Removal (2015)

The application of an anionic macroreticular ion exchange resin, coated with a thin cross-linked albumin layer, as a hemoperfusion device for the removal of unconjugated bilirubin from the blood of hyperbilirubinemic newborn babies is reviewed. In vivo hemoperfusion runs with hyperbilirubinemic animal models - either by a choledocho-suprarenal vein shunt or by direct infusion of bilirubin into the vein - showed that a 40-ml resin column can remove some 20 mg bilirubin in 3 h. Hemoperfusion of female 8-14 kg baboons showed no significant effect of the column on blood chemistry and coagulation factors and repeated runs had no ill effects.
Pharmacokinetic modeling of delayed gadolinium enhancement in the myocardium (2008)

Delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) provides prognostic information by delineating regions of myocardial scar. The mechanism of this delayed enhancement in myocardial infarctions (MIs) is hypothesized to result from altered kinetics and changes in the volumes of distribution in the myocardium. Pharmacokinetic models with two and three compartments were fitted to the concentration-time curves of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data obtained from five patients with known MI. Furthermore, the parameter stability was investigated in simulations for the two different models. The transfer constants and volumes of distribution showed a good correlation with imaging findings on early and delayed contrast-enhanced MRI. The two compartment model showed higher parameter stability. The three compartment model allows a more in-depth quantification of myocardial scarring. These models have the potential to improve the diagnosis of myocardial pathologies involving scar, with differing kinetics and volumes of distribution such as infarction or cardiomyopathy.
McGraw-Hill dictionary of physics (1997)

This compilation of nearly 8000 entries covers major disciplines of physics. Designed for professionals and students alike, it provides access to definitions of the latest terminology and concepts in the areas of acoustics, nuclear, atomic, particles and fields, plasmas, electromagnetism, quantum machanics, relativity, solid state, statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. Useful appendices containing conversion units, fundamental constants,SI units, the periodic table, symbols of physical quantities and the Greek alphabet are also provided.
Oxygen in Catalysis (1990)

A description of catalytic systems commonly used as model systems in the laboratory and as industrial catalysts in large-scale operations, and a discussion of the mechanisms operating in these reactions. Attempts to describe the elementary steps by quantum chemical methods are also shown, as are rec
DNA gyrase gyrA mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus: close similarity with quinolone resistance mutations in Escherichia coli (1990)

The gyrA genes isolated from three ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus carried codon 84 (serine----leucine) and/or codon 85 (serine----proline) mutations that were absent in pretreatment susceptible strains. These substitutions occur in a region of the gyrase A protein wherein directly analogous mutations of serine 83----leucine and alanine 84----proline in Escherichia coli confer quinolone resistance. Thus, DNA gyrase A subunit mutations are implicated in resistance to ciprofloxacin in S. aureus.
A clinical experience with a hierarchically controlled myoelectric hand prosthesis with vibro-tactile feedback (1993)

Hierarchical control of a hand is possible using sensory feedback to a sophisticated electronic controller. Such a control method reduces the demands on the user's concentration and enhances the hand's range.
Quantitative Synthesis of <i>exo</i>-Olefin-Terminated Polyisobutylene: Ether Quenching and Evaluation of Various Quenching Methods (2013)

Addition of excess dialkyl ether, e.g., diisopropyl ether (DIPE) or di-sec-butyl ether (DSBE), to a TiCl4-co-initiated, living carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene (IB) results in capping of the chain ends with oxonium cations, as evidenced by cessation of polymerization. Structure of PIB diisopropyl oxonium cations was determined using 500 MHz 1H NMR, by introducing DIPE to a mixture of TiCl4 and 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl), a model for the PIB chain end, at −70 °C in CS2/CD2Cl2 (50/50, v/v). One-pot, two-step quantitative synthesis of mono- and telechelic (difunctional) exo-olefin-terminated polyisobutylene (PIB) was achieved by quenching living PIB with DIPE, followed by termination with methanol at −60 °C. TMPCl and 1,3-bis(1-chloro-1-methylethyl)-5-tert-butylbenzene (bDCC) were used as mono- and difunctional initiators, respectively. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize end-group composition of PIBs. Percent formation of exo olefin was directly related to the steric bulk of the ether, i.e., sec-butyl (100%) ≈ isopropyl (100%) > n-alkyl (68.5–81.5%). Coupled PIB and tert-chloride PIB were the principle side products observed when exo olefin was <100%. To prevent coupling, molar ratio of Lewis acid/chain ends ([TiCl4]/[CE]) should be at least about 2.2. To prevent tert-Cl PIB, [TiCl4] ≤ [CE] + [ether]. For [TiCl4]/[CE] = 2.2 and [DIPE]/[CE] ≥ 3, quantitative mono- and telechelic (difunctional) exo-olefin-terminated PIB was observed at [CE] ≤ 0.1 M, for reaction volumes about 1 dL. However, the end group composition of difunctional PIB was 96.2% exo olefin and 3.8% coupled, when the reaction was up-scaled to about 4 L (0.66 kg of PIB). Study of various quenching methods for production of exo-olefin-terminated PIB, including ether, sulfide, hindered base, and methallyltrimethylsilane, showed that ether and sulfide quenching were superior to other methods with regard to maximizing exo-olefin end groups at high [CE].
The Reactivity of Thiol-subtilisin, an Enzyme Containing a Synthetic Functional Group<sup>*</sup> (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reactivity of Thiol-subtilisin, an Enzyme Containing a Synthetic Functional Group*Laszlo Polgar and Myron L. BenderCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 2, 610–620Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00854a032https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00854a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Revision of the Special Act on Insurance Fraud Prevention and the Systematization of Insurance Act (2021)

지난 2016년 3월 29일 ｢보험사기방지특별법｣(법률 제14123호)이 제정되었고, 같은 해 9월 30일부터 시행되고 있다. 동 법은 보험사기를 방지함으로써 보험계약자 등 이해관계인의 권익 보호와 보험업의 건전한 육성 및 국민의 복리증진을 위해, 그리고 보험계약의 거래질서를 확립하여 사회적 손실비용을 경감시키기 위해 입법되었다. 그런데 동법이 시행되고 4년이 넘게 지난 현재에도 보험사기는 줄어들지 않고 있으며 피해 금액도 증가하고 있다. 이에 보험사기의 조사와 방지 및 처벌이라는 보험사기방지특별법의 실효성이 비판받으며, 동 법률의 개정이 계속적으로 요구되고 있다. 2016년 보험사기방지특별법 제정 이후 2021년 현재까지 국회에 총 12건의 동 법의 개정안이 발의되었다. 이들 개정안의 사항들은 보험사기를 방지하기 위한 조사의 효율성과 처벌의 실효성을 높이고, 조사 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 보험계약자의 권익을 보호하는 내용들이다. 보험사기방지특별법 규정들은 보험계약의 일반법인 보험법의 관계에서 법체계적으로 균형있고 적합한 입법과 개정이 이루어져야 한다. 자칫 보험사기방지특별법을 보험사기에 대한 기본법으로 오해할 수 있다. 그 결과 보험사기방지특별법에 보험사기에 관련된 각종 제도들과 규정들을 모두 입법화하려는 개정 시도가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 보험사기방지특별법은 보험법의 체계와 관계 속에서 구성될 때에 법률의 효과가 나타나며, 보험사기특별법의 개정도 이러한 시각에서 다루어져야 한다. 현행 보험법 내에는 보험사기에 대한 규정이 존재하지 않는다. 따라서 2014년 보험법 개정 당시에 논의되었으나 결국 미개정되었던 보험사기 관련 내용들을 다시 입법 검토하여야 한다. 즉 보험계약의 ‘최대선의의 원칙’규정과 ‘사기에 의한 보험계약을 무효’규정 그리고 ‘사기에 의한 보험금의 청구 및 지급한 보험금의 반환청구’규정들을 보험법에 입법하는 방안이다. 또한 보험사기방지특별법의 개정안으로 제안되었던 내용 가운데 ‘보험계약자 피해사실에 대한 보험회사 고지의무’와 ‘보험사기로 인한 보험계약의 해지 및 보험금 반환’규정은 오히려 보험법의 편재 안으로 편입되어야 할 사항이다. 이와 함께 보험사기방지특별법 개정안들의 내용들에는, 보험회사에 전담조직의 설치 및 조사업무와 관련하여 준수할 기준의 마련, 금융위원회의 자료제공요청권 도입, 금융위원회에 대한 보험회사 보고와 검사 및 시정조치 그리고 과징금 부과, 수사기관의 수사결과 통보 의무, 수사기관이 의뢰한 입원적정성 심사기준과 평가비용의 부담방안, 보험사기 행위의 알선･광고 금지 및 과태료, 보험업계 종사자･의료인 및 의료기관 종사자･자동차관리사업의 종사자 등의 보험사기에 대한 가중처벌, 의료인 및 의료기관 종사자 처벌의 경우 면허 취소권자에게 통보, 보험회사의 고발 또는 수사의뢰 사실의 누설금지와 누설죄, 비밀유지의무 위반죄, 벌금형 상한선의 상향조정 등이 있다. 이들 개정안의 내용들은 대부분 보험사기 행위의 조사･방지･처벌 등 제재에 실효성을 높이려는 목적으로 입법 제안되었다. 보험사기방지특별법 개정은 보험사기 행위의 조사와 방지 및 수사 그리고 보험사기 행위자 등의 형사처벌 및 행정제재라는 내용으로 이루어진 법체계라는 법체계상의 적합성과 법리의 타당성이 검토되어야 한다. 이와 함께 관련이 있는 다른 법령과의 체계의 정합성이 이루어져야 한다. 즉 보험사기방지특별법 본래의 목적과 기능에 부합한 체계와 보험업법이나 형법･개인정보보호법 등 관련 법령과의 체계적 정합성을 갖출 수 있는 방향으로 보험사기방지특별법의 개정이 이루어져야 한다.
Missing Time-Dependent Covariates in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Dynamic Models (2002)

Summary The study of human immunodeficiency virus dynamics is one of the most important areas in research into acquired immune deficiency syndrome in recent years. Non-linear mixed effects models have been proposed for modelling viral dynamic processes. A challenging problem in the modelling is to identify repeatedly measured (time-dependent), but possibly missing, immunologic or virologic markers (covariates) for viral dynamic parameters. For missing time-dependent covariates in non-linear mixed effects models, the commonly used complete-case, mean imputation and last value carried forward methods may give misleading results. We propose a three-step hierarchical multiple-imputation method, implemented by Gibbs sampling, which imputes the missing data at the individual level but can pool information across individuals. We compare various methods by Monte Carlo simulations and find that the multiple-imputation method proposed performs the best in terms of bias and mean-squared errors in the estimates of covariate coefficients. By applying the favoured multiple-imputation method to clinical data, we conclude that there is a negative correlation between the viral decay rate (a virological response parameter) and CD4 or CD8 cell counts during the treatment; this is counter-intuitive, but biologically interpretable on the basis of findings from other clinical studies. These results may have an important influence on decisions about treatment for acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients.
REDISCOVERY OF THE GOLDEN GECKO CALODACTYLODES-AUREUS BEDDOME IN THE EASTERN GHATS OF ANDHRA PRADESH INDIA (1986)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Classification of small UAVs and birds by micro-Doppler signatures (2014)

The popularity of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is increasing. Therefore, the importance of security systems able to detect and classify them is increasing as well. In this paper, we propose a new approach for UAVs classification using continuous wave radar or high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) pulse radars. We consider all steps of processing required to make a decision out of the raw radar data. Before the classification, the micro-Doppler signature is filtered and aligned to compensate the Doppler shift caused by the target's body motion. Then, classification features are extracted from the micro-Doppler signature in order to represent information about class at a lower dimension space. Eigenpairs extracted from the correlation matrix of the signature are used as informative features for classification. The proposed approach is verified on real radar measurements collected with X-band radar. Planes, quadrocopter, helicopters, and stationary rotors as well as birds are considered for classification. Moreover, a possibility of distinguishing different number of rotors is considered. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It provides the capability of correct classification with a probability of around 92%.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Adult Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis During Hypoxia and Reoxygenation (2000)

Apoptosis has been implicated in ischemic heart disease, but its mechanism in cardiomyocytes has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigate the effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation in adult cardiomyocytes and the molecular mechanism involved in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Morphologically, reoxygenation induced rounding up of the cells, appearance of membrane blebs that were filled with marginated mitochondria, and ultrastructural findings characteristic of apoptosis. Reoxygenation (18 hours of reoxygenation after 6 hours of hypoxia) and prolonged hypoxia (24 hours of hypoxia) resulted in a 59% and 51% decrease in cellular viability, respectively. During reoxygenation, cell death occurred predominantly via apoptosis associated with appearance of cytosolic cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 and -9. However, nonapoptotic cell death predominated during prolonged hypoxia. Both caspase inhibition and Bcl-2 overexpression during reoxygenation significantly improved cellular viability through inhibition of apoptosis but had minimal effect on hypoxia-induced cell death. Bcl-2 overexpression blocked reoxygenation-induced cytochrome c release and activation of caspase -3 and -9, but caspase inhibition alone did not block cytochrome c release. These results suggest that apoptosis predominates in cardiomyocytes after reoxygenation through a mitochondrion-dependent apoptotic pathway, and Bcl-2 prevents reoxygenation-induced apoptosis by inhibiting cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and prevents activation of caspase-3 and -9.