gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multigigabit backplane transceiver core in 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS with a power-efficient equalization architecture (2005)

A binary backplane transceiver core in 0.13-/spl mu/m dual-gate low-voltage (LV) CMOS, operating at 0.6-9.6 Gb/s with an area of 0.56 mm/sup 2/, is presented. The core uses two taps of transmit preemphasis and an adaptive receive equalization strategy incorporating one tap of unrolled decision feedback equalization (DFE), a linear equalizer, and a bandwidth control mechanism integrated with the receiver calibration circuitry. The output driver uses a cascode structure to achieve a 1.7-V peak-to-peak (p-p) differential output swing with low area and minimal overhead power. The core has extensive optional test features including a built-in bit error rate (BER) tester, voltage margining circuit, and an on-chip receiver sampling scope. The power varies from 152 to 275 mW as the speed varies from 6.25 to 9.6 Gb/s while maintaining a voltage margin of 30 mV at a BER of 10/sup -15/.
Intensification of Ethylene Production from Naphtha via a Redox Oxy-Cracking Scheme: Process Simulations and Analysis (2018)

Ethylene production by the thermal cracking of naphtha is an energy-intensive process (up to 40 GJ heat per tonne ethylene), leading to significant formation of coke and nitrogen oxide (NOx), along with 1.8–2 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission per kilogram of ethylene produced. We propose an alternative process for the redox oxy-cracking (ROC) of naphtha. In this two-step process, hydrogen (H2) from naphtha cracking is selectively combusted by a redox catalyst with its lattice oxygen first. The redox catalyst is subsequently re-oxidized by air and releases heat, which is used to satisfy the heat requirement for the cracking reactions. This intensified process reduces parasitic energy consumption and CO2 and NOx emissions. Moreover, the formation of ethylene and propylene can be enhanced due to the selective combustion of H2. In this study, the ROC process is simulated with ASPEN Plus® based on experimental data from recently developed redox catalysts. Compared with traditional naphtha cracking, the ROC process can provide up to 52% reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The upstream section of the process consumes approximately 67% less energy while producing 28% more ethylene and propylene for every kilogram of naphtha feedstock.
Twisting Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Both Wire‐Shaped Micro‐Supercapacitor and Micro‐Battery (2012)

Wire-shaped micro-supercapacitor and micro-battery: Aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube fibers and composite fibers have been easily twisted to produce both wire-shaped supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries with high performances. The energy densities achieved 92.84 and 35.74 mWh/cm3 while the power densities could reach 3.87 and 2.43 W/cm3 during the charge and discharge process, respectively. The unique structure enables promising applications in various fields, e.g., these wires can be easily integrated into electronic textiles by a conventional weaving technique. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and its receptor: Their role in plasma cell neoplasias (1991)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine regulating immune response acute phase reaction and hematopoiesis. IL-6 plays a critical role in B cell differentiation to plasma cells and is a potent growth factor for plasmacytoma and myeloma. Abnormal production of IL-6 has been suggested to be involved in polyclonal plasma cell abnormalities and plasma cell neoplasias. The deregulated expression of the IL-6 gene in transgenic mice resulted in the generation of malignant plasmacytoma. Based on these findings, it could be considered that continuous IL-6 gene expression plays an essential role in a multistep oncogenesis of plasma cell neoplasias. The role of IL-6 and its receptor in the generation of plasma cell neoplasias and the mechanisms of the IL-6 gene expression and IL-6 receptor-mediated signal transduction are described.
Synthesis of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin and confirmation of its identity with the deazaisoalloxazine chromophore of Methanobacterium redox coenzyme F420 (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin and confirmation of its identity with the deazaisoalloxazine chromophore of Methanobacterium redox coenzyme F420Wallace T. Ashton, Ronald D. Brown, Fredric Jacobson, and Christopher WalshCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 15, 4419–4420Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00509a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00509a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pyrolytic cleavage of antibiotic X-537A and related reactions (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrolytic cleavage of antibiotic X-537A and related reactionsJohn W. Westley, Ralph H. Evans Jr., Thomas Williams, and Arthur StempelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 19, 3431–3433Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00959a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00959a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantitative in vivo Imaging of Adenosine A2A Receptors in the Human Brain Using 11C-SCH442416 PET: A Pilot Study (2014)

11C-SCH442416 was reported in preclinical studies with rodents and primates to be the first nonxanthine radioligand suitable for the in vivo imaging of adenosine A2A receptors with positron emission tomography (PET). The aim of the present work was to investigate the suitability of 11C-SCH442416 for the in vivo quantification of A2A receptors in human brain. Methods: Five male healthy subjects were scanned with 364 MBq bolus injections of 11C-SCH442416. 90 minutes of dynamic PET emission data were acquired, and arterial blood samples were taken throughout the scan to generate an arterial plasma input function. Using the individual MR images, regions-of-interest (ROIs) were defined for cerebellum, caudate, putamen and thalamus. Spectral analysis was used to determine the frequency components of the 11C-SCH442416 tissue response for regional and voxel time-activity curves (TACs). Results: 11C-SCH442416 was rapidly metabolised in blood, the fraction of unmetabolised parent tracer in plasma being 41% at 15 minutes and 15% at 95 minutes, lower than that reported in rats and macaca nemestrina. No lipophilic radiolabelled metabolites were found in human plasma. Rapid uptake of 11C-SCH442416 was observed in all brain regions, reaching a maximum at about 3 minutes. When spectral analysis was applied to regional brain time activity curves (TACs), relatively rapid reversible region dependent and slower irreversible, region independent but subject specific components were identified. These components were further separated into irreversible nonspecific binding, reversible nonspecific binding, reversible specific binding and a blood component. Binding potentials of the nondisplaceable binding BPND were calculated using cerebellar volume of distribution as an estimate of the reversible nondisplaceable binding across the entire brain. Mean binding potentials BPND were: 2.5 (putamen), 1.6 (caudate) and 0.5 (thalamus). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that A2A receptor binding can be quantified in striatal regions of the human brain with 11C-SCH442416 PET. Despite the complex tracer kinetics and its low specific binding, reliable binding potentials could be estimated with spectral analysis.
Alteration of Fibrous Capsule Formation by Use of Immunomodulation (1998)

The formation of symptomatic capsular contractures remains both a mystery to the plastic surgeon and a significant clinical challenge. Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats had 2 ml dimethylpolysiloxane gel-filled implants placed in two dorsal pockets. The animals were randomly assigned to three groups. One group received daily cyclosporine injections, the second group received the saline control, and the third an active human cytokine injection. One month after surgery, the intact implants and surrounding capsules were harvested. Subjective gross examination of the capsules by three different researchers showed the cyclosporine-treated capsules to be uniformly softer, looser, and thinner than those in the other groups. The cyclosporine-treated group showed a marked decrease in absolute capsular thickness (72.4 microm) as compared with both the saline solution- (97.3 microm) and the cytokine-treated (112.4 microm) control subjects. Perivascular cuffing, lymphocytic infiltrates, and collagen organization all were also significantly affected. In this article we demonstrate how alteration of T-cell function significantly affects the cellular population and collagen organization of a typical capsule.
Differentiated reliability in optical networks: Theoretical and practical results (2003)

This paper presents both theoretical and experimental studies carried on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks with arbitrary (mesh) topology that provide optical circuits with differentiated reliability (DiR). Reliability is obtained by means of a modified shared path protection (SPP) switching scheme-here referred to as SPP-DiR. As explained in the paper, SPP-DiR networks provide multiple degrees of circuit reliability that satisfy client-specific reliability requirements in a cost-effective way. The theoretical study first defines the problem of optimally designing SPP-DiR WDM networks. It then presents a time-efficient suboptimal algorithm that determines the routing and the reliability degree of each demand in the given traffic matrix by applying both the conventional SPP and the SPP-DiR scheme. When compared to dedicated path protection switching, results obtained for the pan-European network using the proposed algorithm indicate cost reductions of about 16% when SPP is applied, and up to 34% when SPP-DiR is applied. The experimental study describes the /spl Omega/ testbed-a WDM optical circuit-switched mesh network with an IP control plane-which is believed to be the first testbed ever built that makes use of the SPP-DiR scheme. Experimental results performed on the /spl Omega/ testbed report restoration times of the optical circuits-disrupted by a fiber fault-that are few tens of milliseconds.
What strategy should be used for diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection in clinical laboratories? (1998)

The aim of this study was to determine a cost-effective strategy for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in clinical laboratories. Anti-HCV antibodies were sought in 3,014 consecutive unselected samples with two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). An immunoblot-based confirmatory assay (RIBA3.0) was performed in the samples with at least one ELISA positive or weakly positive. HCV RNA was evaluated using HCV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the samples with a weakly positive ELISA, discrepant results of the two ELISAs, or an indeterminate RIBA3.0 pattern. The two ELISAs gave concordant results in 2,957 (98.1%) of the 3,014 samples (negative in 87.9%, positive in 11.8%, and weakly positive in 0.3%), and discrepant results in 57 (1.9%). RIBA3.0 was positive in 338 of the 350 ELISA-positive samples (96.6%) and indeterminate in 12. Six of them were PCR-positive. Among the 8 weakly positive samples, 1 was RIBA3.0-positive, 6 were RIBA3.0-indeterminate, and 1 was RIBA3.0-negative; all were PCR-negative. Among the 57 samples with discrepant ELISA results, 4 were RIBA3.0-positive (none were PCR-positive), 22 were RIBA3.0-indeterminate (1 was PCR-positive), and 31 were RIBA3.0-negative (6 were PCR-positive). In these cases, the clinical context and PCR detection of HCV RNA allowed for definitive classification. In conclusion, one single ELISA determination is necessary for diagnosis of HCV infection in clinical laboratories, and confirmation of positive or weakly positive ELISAs with immunoblot-based confirmatory assays is no longer needed. HCV-RNA detection by PCR helps to resolve weakly positive or negative ELISA results when the clinical context is compatible with hepatitis C.
Synthesis of novel thieno[3,2-b]thienobis(silolothiophene) based low bandgap polymers for organic photovoltaics (2012)

Thieno[3,2-b]thienobis(silolothiophene), a new electron rich hexacyclic monomer has been synthesized and incorporated into three novel donor-acceptor low-bandgap polymers. By carefully choosing the acceptor co-monomer, the energy levels of the polymers could be modulated and high power conversion efficiencies of 5.52% were reached in OPV devices.
A Minimal Access Cost-Based Multimedia Object Replacement Algorithm (2007)

Multimedia object caching, by which the same multimedia object can be adapted to diverse mobile appliances through the technique of transcoding, is an important technology for improving the scalability of Web services, especially in the environment of mobile networks. In this paper, we address the cache replacement problem for multimedia object caching by exploring the aggregate effect of caching multiple versions of the same multimedia object. First, we present an optimal solution for calculating the minimal access cost of caching multiple versions of the same multimedia object. Second, based on this solution, we propose an effective cache replacement algorithm for multimedia object caching. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the proposed solution with a set of simulation experiments for various performance metrics over a wide range of system parameters.
Epigenetics and Plant Breeding (2007)

Athanasios S. TsaftarisDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding Auth Thessaloniki 54124and Institute of Agrobiotechnology Certh Thermi 57001 Greece,Alexios N. Polidoros, Aliki Kapazoglou, and Eleni TaniInstitute of Agrobiotechnology Certh Thermi 57001 Greece,Nives M. Kovacˇevic´Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison 1575Linden Drive Madison, Wi 53706, USA
Surface modification by plasma techniques. I. The interactions of a hydrogen plasma with fluoropolymer surfaces (1987)

Abstract The rapid defluorination of fluoropolymer surfaces by their exposure to a hydrogen plasma excited by an inductively coupled RF field has been studied using ESCA. The results are interpreted in terms of a reaction/depth profile; the reaction is not uniform with depth leading to the formation of an approximately 20 Å thick boundary layer of defluorinated material.
General text line extraction approach based on locally orientation estimation (2009)

This paper presents a novel approach for the multi-oriented text line extraction from historical handwritten Arabic documents. Because of the multi-orientation of lines and their dispersion in the page, we use an image paving algorithm that can progressively and locally determine the lines. The paving algorithm is initialized with a small window and then its size is corrected by extension until enough lines and connected components were found. We use the Snake for line extraction. Once the paving is established, the orientation is determined using the Wigner-Ville distribution on the histogram projection profile. This local orientation is then enlarged to limit the orientation in the neighborhood. Afterwards, the text lines are extracted locally in each zone basing on the follow-up of the baselines and the proximity of connected components. Finally, the connected components that overlap and touch in adjacent lines are separated. The morphology analysis of the terminal letters of Arabic words is here considered. The proposed approach has been experimented on 100 documents reaching an separation accuracy of about 98.6%.
Electrical conductivity and crystallization of amorphous bismuth ruthenate thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis (2010)

Amorphous oxide thin films with tailored functionality will be crucial for the next generation of micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS). Due to potentially favorable electronic and catalytic properties, amorphous bismuth ruthenate thin films might be applied in this regard. We report on the deposition of amorphous bismuth ruthenate thin films by spray pyrolysis, their crystallization behavior and electrical conductivity. At room temperature the 200 nm thin amorphous films exhibit a high electrical conductivity of 7.7 × 10(4) S m(-1), which was found to be slightly thermally activated (E(a) = 4.1 × 10(-3) eV). It follows that a long-range order of the RuO(6) octahedra is no precondition for the electrical conductivity of Bi(3)Ru(3)O(11). Upon heating to the temperature range between 490 °C and 580 °C the initially amorphous films crystallize rapidly. Simultaneously, a transition from a dense and continuous film to isolated Bi(3)Ru(3)O(11) particles on the substrate takes place. Solid-state agglomeration is proposed as the mechanism responsible for disintegration. The area specific resistance of Bi(3)Ru(3)O(11) particles contacted by Pt paste on gadolinia doped ceria electrolyte pellets was found to be 7 Ω cm(2) at 607 °C in air. Amorphous bismuth ruthenate thin films are proposed for application in electrochemical devices operating at low temperatures, where a high electrical conductivity is required.
MSH Activity in the Rat Pituitary After Treatment with Nembutal and Morphine: A New Bioassay for MSH-Release Inhibiting Factor (MIF) (1968)

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) activity in the pituitaries of albino rats did not change following the administration of morphine, decreased slightly with Nembutal, but fell markedly after the injection of both morphine and Nembutal. The additional use of ether did not alter pituitary MSH levels in rats which had received morphine. Treatment of rats with Nembutal, morphine and ether before administration of MSH-release inhibiting factor (MIF) resulted in a sensitive bioassay with little variability. (Endocrinology83: 137, 1968)
Hierarchical storage management for relational databases (2002)

The author describes a prototype that integrates a database management system (DBMS) with a storage management system, allowing simple, cost-effective access to large volumes of data stored in a tape archive. The prototype study suggests that it is feasible from both technical and cost perspectives to store not just metadata, but large satellite images in a DBMS. The actual location of the data, whether in the DBMS, file system, or tape archive, is transparent to clients, allowing cost/performance optimization to be performed without affecting the interface to the client. Further, in common cases where database inserts can be bypassed, the performance of the prototype is equivalent to file system input/output (I/O).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DNA polymerase activity at the single-molecule level (2011)

DNA polymerases are essential enzymes responsible for replication and repair of DNA in all organisms. To replicate DNA with high fidelity, DNA polymerases must select the correct incoming nucleotide substrate during each cycle of nucleotide incorporation, in accordance with the templating base. When an incorrect nucleotide is sometimes inserted, the polymerase uses a separate 3'→5' exonuclease to remove the misincorporated base (proofreading). Large conformational rearrangements of the polymerase-DNA complex occur during both the nucleotide incorporation and proofreading steps. Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy provides a unique tool for observation of these dynamic conformational changes in real-time, without the need to synchronize a population of DNA-protein complexes.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of etanercept in children with polyarticular‐course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: Interim results from an ongoing multicenter, open‐label, extended‐treatment trial (2003)

Children with severe, longstanding, methotrexate-resistant polyarticular JRA demonstrated sustained clinical improvement with >2 years of continuous etanercept treatment. Etanercept was generally well-tolerated. There were no increases in the rates of adverse events over time. However, children taking etanercept should be monitored closely for infections.