gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
`Harrow Sweet' Pear (1992)

Harrow Sweet' pear (Pyrus communis L.) is a high-quality, late-season pear for the fresh market. It is precocious, productive, hardy, and has excellent resistance to fire blight [ Ewinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al.]. This new cultivar, developed by the Agriculture Canada Research Station at Harrow, Ont., is recommended by the Ontario Tender Fruit Producers Marketing Board for trial planting in Ontario. It is also recommended
Primary structure of alpha-tocopherol transfer protein from rat liver. Homology with cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein. (1993)

alpha-Tocopherol transfer protein (alpha TTP) present in rat liver cytosol specifically binds this vitamin and enhances its transfer between separate membranes. We previously reported purification of alpha TTP and showed that two isoforms exist in rat liver, of which the isoelectric points are 5.0 and 5.1, respectively (Sato, Y., Hagiwara, K., Arai, H., and Inoue, K. (1991) FEBS Lett. 288, 41-45). In the present paper, we have isolated a cDNA clone with 2194 base pairs encoding alpha TTP from a rat liver cDNA library. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA contained all the sequences of the peptide fragments obtained by digestion of the purified protein with endoproteinase Lys-C. The isolated cDNA was found to encode the isoform with a pI of 5.0 on the basis of the cross-reactivity of the recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli with the isoform-specific monoclonal antibody. From the longest open reading frame of the cloned cDNA, one isoform of rat liver alpha TTP is predicted to be composed of 278 amino acid residues of calculated molecular weight 31,845. Both Western and Northern blot analyses revealed that alpha TTP is expressed exclusively in the liver in rats. alpha TTP has been found to exhibit a structural homology with the cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein present only in visual tissues.
Species-Specific Antagonism of Host ISGylation by the Influenza B Virus NS1 Protein (2010)

Interferon-stimulated expression and conjugation of the ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15 restricts replication of several viruses. Here, we established complete E1-activating, E2-conjugating, and E3 ligase-dependent expression systems for assaying both human and mouse ISGylation. We confirm that human HerC5, but not human HerC6, has ISG15 E3 ligase activity and identify mouse HerC6 as a bona fide ISG15 E3 ligase. Furthermore, we demonstrate that influenza B virus NS1 protein potently antagonizes human but not mouse ISGylation, a property dependent on B/NS1 binding the N-terminal domain of human but not mouse ISG15. Using chimeric human/mouse ISG15 constructs, we show that the B/NS1:ISG15 interaction is both necessary and sufficient to inhibit ISGylation regardless of the ligation machinery used. Inability to block ISGylation in certain species may contribute to limiting influenza B virus host range.
Studies in Carcinogenesis: I. The Production of Tumors in Mice with Hydrocarbons (1936)

Since 1915, when Yamagiwa and Ichikawa succeeded in producing tar cancer experimentally, considerable progress has been made towards the elucidation of the chemical nature of substances capable of inciting malignant changes in cells. Outstanding contributions since then have been those of Bloch and Dreifuss (1921) and of Kennaway and his colleagues. From the work of Bloch and Dreifuss it appeared that the carcinogenic material in tar was present in the neutral, nitrogen-free, high-boiling fraction. Kennaway (1924, 1925, 1930) produced carcinogenic substances from acetylene and from other compounds under conditions which indicated that the active substances were hydrocarbons. Following the application of the fluorescence spectrum to this problem by Mayneord in 1927, Hieger (1930) noted that many cancer-producing materials showed similar fluorescence spectra. Thereupon a number of compounds which were found by the English investigators to have spectra similar to those of the cancer-producing tars were tested on animals. This led to the observation that 1:2:5:6–dibenzanthracene was capable of producing cancer in experimental animals. A large number of compounds 1 of this type were then synthesized by Cook and his collaborators; animal assays showed that certain of these compounds were highly active. In the earlier experiments of this group of English workers carcinomas were produced by applying solutions of the compounds to the skin of the experimental animals. Burrows, Hieger and Kennaway (1932) then made the significant finding that 1:2:5:6–dibenzanthracene could also produce tumors of connective tissue. Thereupon, experimental work with dibenzanthracene was undertaken in this laboratory.
The Effect of Curing on Drug Release and Morphological Properties of Ethylcellulose Pseudolatex-Coated Beads (1994)

Drug-containing nonpareil beads were coated in a fluidized bed with a commercial ethylcellulose pseudolatex, Aquacoat. The drug release was investigated as a function of curing conditions (curing time and temperature) for a hydrophilic and lipophilic drug (chlorpheniramine maleate and ibuprofen) at different levels of plasticizer (triethyl citrate). Curing of coated beads at elevated temperatures immediately after the coating process significantly changed the drug release pattern. Both a retardation and an enhancement in drug release were seen, with the extent being dependent on the type of drug and curing conditions. With chlorpheniramine maleate, a drug with low affinity for the ethylcellulose coating, a curing step was necessary at intermediate plasticizer levels to obtain good film formation and a limiting drug release pattern, while the use of higher plasticizer levels eliminated the need for a curing step. With ibuprofen, a lipophilic drug with high solubility in the ethylcellulose coating, drug crystals were apparent on the bead surface after curing. Curing of ibuprofen beads as a function of time initially decreased but then substantially increased the drug release as a result of drug diffusion across the ethylcellulose membrane with subsequent crystallization on the bead surface. An intermediate seal coat reduced the diffusion of the drug into the ethylcellulose coating.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,6,10,14‐Tetramethylpentadec‐1‐ene by Using p‐Toluenesulfonylacetic Acid Methyl Ester. (1988)

Abstract Coupling of rhodinyl iodide (I) with the tosylacetic acid ester (II) gives the mono‐substituted derivative (III).
Le Brésil et le Monde (2010)

Le Brésil et le Monde
Na<sub>0.67</sub>Mn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2): a high capacity cathode for sodium-ion batteries (2014)

Earth-abundant Na<sub>0.67</sub>[Mn<sub>1−x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> (0 ≤ <italic>x</italic> ≤ 0.2) cathode materials with the P2 structure have been synthesized as positive electrodes for sodium-ion batteries.
Polymer dielectric options for thin film packaging applications (2003)

Several classes of available polyimide- and non-polyimide-based dielectrics have been recommended for use in thin-film substrates. A comprehensive survey of the commercially available materials considered for use in an advanced packaging program is presented. Critical physical properties of these candidate dielectrics are compared and related to their degree of compatibility with established thin-film processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on Tertiary Amine Oxides. XII (1962)

Reaction of pyridine 1-oxides and tosyl chloride, in the presence of pyridine, results in quaternization reaction. In the case of pyridine 1-oxide, 1-(2- and 4-pyridyl)-pyridinium salts are formed but, in the case of 2- and 4-picoline 1-oxides, the active methyl group enters into the reaction to form 1-[(2- or 4-pyridyl)methyl] pyridinium salts, accompanied by ring-substituted by-products. In the case of 2, 6-lutidine 1-oxide, the substitution occurs only in the 4-position and the active methyl group remains inert to the reaction. Exchange reaction of 1-[(2- or 4-pyridyl)-methyl]pyridinium salts with aniline hydrochloride results in rearrangement to form 2- or 4-(p-aminobenzyl)pyridine.
Laminin-111: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2010)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) still needs effective treatments, and myoblast transplantation (MT) is considered as an approach to repair damaged skeletal muscles. DMD is due to the complete loss of dystrophin from muscles. The lack of link between the contracting apparatus and the extracellular matrix leads to frequent damage to the sarcolemma triggering muscle fiber necrosis. Laminins are major proteins in the extracellular matrix. Laminin-111 is normally present in skeletal and cardiac muscles in mice and humans but only during embryonic development. In this study, we showed that intramuscular injection of laminin-111 increased muscle strength and resistance in mdx mice. We also used laminin-111 as a coadjuvant in MT, and we showed this protein decreased considerably the repetitive cycles of degeneration, inflammatory reaction, and regeneration. Moreover, MT is significantly improved. To explain the improvement, we confirmed with the same myoblast cell batch that laminin-111 improves proliferation and drastically increases migration in vitro. These results are extremely important because DMD could be treated only by the injection of a recombinant protein, a simple and safe therapy to prevent loss of muscle function. Moreover, the improvement in MT would be significant to treat the muscles of DMD patients who are already weak.
The modular cardiac rhythm management system: the EMPOWER leadless pacemaker and the EMBLEM subcutaneous ICD (2018)

Cardiac implantable electronic devices have been successfully treating patients with brady- and tachyarrhythmias for decades. However, there are still significant complications related to this therapy modality, many related to the transvenous lead. Paradigm-shifting technologies, such as the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) and leadless cardiac pacemakers (LCP), have emerged to address these complications. The novel modular cardiac rhythm management (mCRM) system, consisting of a communicating antitachycardia pacing-enabled LCP and S‑ICD, is the first system to integrate wireless intrabody communication between devices to allow for coordination of leadless pacing and defibrillator therapy delivery. In this review, the design and concept of the mCRM system are presented and available evidence is summarized.
A Method of Quantitative Contamination with Metallic Impurities of the Surface of a Silicon Wafer (1988)

A method of quantitative and uniform contamination of the surface of a silicon wafer with a metallic impurity in low-level quantities using spin coating with a contaminated aqueous solution was developed. Fe, Ni, Cu and Al were examined and the quantities of these metallic impurities on the surface were controlled by the concentration of metal ions in the contaminated solution. Using this method, the influence on the recombination carrier lifetime was quantitatively investigated. A significant degradation of the recombination lifetime was observed for more than 10 11 atoms/cm 2 of impurities Cu, Ni and Fe on the surface.
Comparison of two adaptive methods for time delay estimation (2005)

The main objective of this paper is to compare two adaptive algorithms for estimating the time delay between two-sensor outputs. These methods are very similar in the sense that they minimize the mean-squared error using a least mean square (LMS) gradient approach to estimate the time difference of arrival to two sensors. However, they apply the LMS gradient method in different ways, thereby holding different properties. Some theoretical aspects are addressed. Also, they are compared via computer simulations for a variety of cases, which include time-varying delay functions corresponding to moving source or receivers.
Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) reverses experimental pulmonary hypertension (2012)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by the progressive narrowing and occlusion of small pulmonary arteries. Current therapies fail to fully reverse this vascular remodeling. Identifying key pathways in disease pathogenesis is therefore required for the development of new-targeted therapeutics. We have previously reported tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) immunoreactivity within pulmonary vascular lesions from patients with idiopathic PAH and animal models. Because TRAIL can induce both endothelial cell apoptosis and smooth muscle cell proliferation in the systemic circulation, we hypothesized that TRAIL is an important mediator in the pathogenesis of PAH. We demonstrate for the first time that TRAIL is a potent stimulus for pulmonary vascular remodeling in human cells and rodent models. Furthermore, antibody blockade or genetic deletion of TRAIL prevents the development of PAH in three independent rodent models. Finally, anti-TRAIL antibody treatment of rodents with established PAH reverses pulmonary vascular remodeling by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis, improves hemodynamic indices, and significantly increases survival. These preclinical investigations are the first to demonstrate the importance of TRAIL in PAH pathogenesis and highlight its potential as a novel therapeutic target to direct future translational therapies.
Tandem Paired Nicking Promotes Precise Genome Editing with Scarce Interference by p53 (2020)

Targeted knockin mediated by double-stranded DNA cleavage is accompanied by unwanted insertions and deletions (indels) at on-target and off-target sites. A nick-mediated approach scarcely generates indels but exhibits reduced efficiency of targeted knockin. Here, we demonstrate that tandem paired nicking, a method for targeted knockin involving two Cas9 nickases that create nicks at the homologous regions of the donor DNA and the genome in the same strand, scarcely creates indels at the edited genomic loci, while permitting the efficiency of targeted knockin largely equivalent to that of the Cas9-nuclease-based approach. Tandem paired nicking seems to accomplish targeted knockin by DNA recombination analogous to Holliday's model and creates intended genomic changes without introducing additional nucleotide changes, such as silent mutations. Targeted knockin through tandem paired nicking neither triggers significant p53 activation nor occurs preferentially in p53-suppressed cells. These properties of tandem paired nicking demonstrate its utility in precision genome engineering.
On the Structure of the Photodimer of Thymoquinone (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Structure of the Photodimer of ThymoquinoneEUGENE ZAVARINCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 1, 47–50Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01095a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01095a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Impaired mitochondrial beta-oxidation in a patient with an abnormality of the respiratory chain. Studies in skeletal muscle mitochondria. (1990)

Defects of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are important causes of neurological disease. We report studies that demonstrate a severe deficiency of complex I activity with less severe abnormalities of complexes III and IV (less than 5, 63, and 30% of control values, respectively) in a skeletal muscle mitochondrial fraction from a 22-yr-old female with weakness, lactic acidemia, and the deposition of intramuscular neutral lipid. The observation that lipid accumulates in this and other patients with complex I deficiency suggests impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. To investigate this mechanism we have shown impaired flux through beta-oxidation [( U-14C]hexadecanoate oxidation was 66% of control rate) and accumulation of specific acyl-CoA ester intermediates. The changes in fatty acid metabolism in complex I deficiency are secondary to the reduced state within the mitochondrial matrix with low NAD+/NADH ratios.
A timestamp-based selective invalidation scheme for multiprocessor cache coherence (2002)

Among all software cache coherence strategies, the ones that are based on the concept of timestamps show the greatest potential in terms of cache performance. The early timestamp methods suffer from high hardware overhead. Improvements have been proposed to reduce hardware overhead at the expense of either increasing runtime overhead or sacrificing cache performance. We discuss the limitations of the previous timestamp-based methods and propose a new software cache coherence scheme. Our scheme exploits the inter-level locality with significantly less hardware support than the early timestamp methods while introducing only constant runtime overhead for each epoch during the execution of a program. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves higher performance than the previous schemes with comparable hardware overhead.
Stability and control of a quadrocopter despite the complete loss of one, two, or three propellers (2014)

This paper presents periodic solutions for a quadrocopter maintaining a height around a position in space despite having lost a single, two opposing, or three propellers. In each case the control strategy consists of the quadrocopter spinning about a primary axis, fixed with respect to the vehicle, and tilting this axis for translational control. A linear, timeinvariant description of deviations from the attitude equilibrium is derived, allowing for a convenient cascaded control design. The results for the cases of losing one and two propellers are validated in experiment, while the case of losing three propellers is validated in a nonlinear simulation. These results have application in multicopter fault-tolerant control design, and also point to possible design directions for novel flying vehicles.
Study of The Frequency Characteristics of a Ring Oscillator (2013)

In the upcoming article, we lay down a particular method of devising the frequency parameter of ring oscillators. We also bring about a comparative analysis of ring oscillators, and try to find out a way of relating their frequency characteristics with their inherent resistance and capacitance. The formula derived here is far more simplified as compared to all the others present. Moreover, it allows quick, precise efficient formulation of frequency without much pain. Also a detailed analysis of CMOS and DTMOS based design has been carried out and a parameter has been devised to determine the efficiency of both CMOS and DTMOS. The simulation platform used here is LTSpiceIV and the used models are based on BSIM4.0 level 54 CMOS technology.
Chromosomal Instability Correlates with Genome-wide DNA Demethylation in Human Primary Colorectal Cancers (2006)

DNA hypomethylation is a common trait of colorectal cancer. Studies in tumor cell lines and animal models indicate that genome-wide demethylation may cause genetic instability and hence facilitate or accelerate tumor progression. Recent studies have shown that DNA hypomethylation precedes genomic damage in human gastrointestinal cancer, but the nature of this damage has not been clearly established. Here, we show a thorough analysis of DNA methylation and genetic alterations in two series of colorectal carcinomas. The extent of DNA demethylation but not of hypermethylation (both analyzed by amplification of intermethylated sites in near 200 independent sequences arbitrarily selected) correlated with the cumulated genomic damage assessed by two different techniques (arbitrarily primed PCR and comparative genomic hybridization). DNA hypomethylation-related instability was mainly of chromosomal nature and could be explained by a genome-wide effect rather than by the concurrence of the most prevalent genetic and epigenetic alterations. Moreover, the association of p53 mutations with genomic instability was secondary to DNA hypomethylation and the correlation between DNA hypomethylation and genomic instability was observed in tumors with and without mutation in the p53 gene. Our data support a direct link between genome-wide demethylation and chromosomal instability in human colorectal carcinogenesis and are consistent with the studies in model systems demonstrating a role of DNA demethylation in inducing chromosomal instability.
Probing of B-Z junctions in recombinant plasmids in vitro and in the cell with different osmium tetroxide complexes. (1989)

Complexes of OsO4 with 2,2'-bipyridine (Os,2,2'-bipy),4,4'-bipyridine (Os,4,4'-bipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (Os,phe), bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid (Os,bpds) and OsO4, pyridine reagent (Os,py) were used to probe structural distortions at the junctions between right-handed B and left-handed Z DNA in supercoiled plasmids pRW751 and pPK1 (both containing (dC-dG)13 and (dC-dG)16 segments). With all five complexes the site-specific modification at the B-Z junctions was detected in vitro but only Os,2,2'-bipy and Os,bpds produced strong site specific modification at submillimolar concentrations. In addition to the B-Z junctions. Os,phe also reacted at other sites. With the exception of Os,2,2'-bipy no one of the tested OsO4 complexes has proved to be suitable for probing structural distortions at the B-Z junctions in E. coli cells.
Structure and Reactivity of Molybdenum Oxide Catalysts Supported on La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Stabilized Tetragonal ZrO<sub>2</sub> (2003)

A series of molybdenum oxide catalysts with Mo loadings in the range 2.5−12.5 wt % Mo supported on La2O3-stabilized ZrO2 was prepared by impregnation. X-ray diffraction results of the catalysts showed the diffraction patterns of crystalline MoO3 from 10 wt % Mo. Dispersion of molybdena was determined by the oxygen chemisorption method, and it was found to decrease with an increase in Mo loading due to formation of MoO3 crystallites at higher Mo loadings. Temperature-programmed reduction results suggest that the reducibility is found to decrease with Mo loading as a result of the decrease in dispersion. The acidity of the catalysts was found to increase with Mo loading, and the activity of the catalysts also found to increase with the increase in Mo loading up to 7.5 wt % Mo loading. Laser Raman spectra of the catalysts show the Raman bands due to MoO3 from 7.5 wt % Mo at 819 and 997 cm-1. At lower Mo loadings, highly dispersed species were observed. The catalytic properties were evaluated during the ammoxidation of toluene to benzonitrile and were related to the oxygen chemisorption sites on the support surface.
Low Friction Hydraulic Cylinder For Stress-Corrosion Testing (1969)

The paper describes the design of a hydraulic system for loading metal specimens for stress-corrosion testing. Calibration data and applications of the system are also given.