gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Capture and Release of Carbon Dioxide Using a Disulfide–Thiocarbonate Redox Cycle (2017)

We describe a new electrochemical cycle that enables capture and release of carbon dioxide. The capture agent is benzylthiolate (RS<sup>-</sup>), generated electrochemically by reduction of benzyldisulfide (RSSR). Reaction of RS<sup>-</sup> with CO<sub>2</sub> produces a terminal, sulfur-bound monothiocarbonate, RSCO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, which acts as the CO<sub>2</sub> carrier species, much the same as a carbamate serves as the CO<sub>2</sub> carrier for amine-based capture strategies. Oxidation of the thiocarbonate releases CO<sub>2</sub> and regenerates RSSR. The newly reported S-benzylthiocarbonate (IUPAC name benzylsulfanylformate) is characterized by <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR, FTIR, and electrochemical analysis. The capture-release cycle is studied in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMP TFSI) and dimethylformamide. Quantum chemical calculations give a binding energy of CO<sub>2</sub> to benzyl thiolate of -66.3 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>, consistent with the experimental observation of formation of a stable CO<sub>2</sub> adduct. The data described here represent the first report of electrochemical behavior of a sulfur-bound terminal thiocarbonate.
From the Collection: Mary Dyer Being Led to the Scaffold (1996)

This "From the Collection" written by the Society’s librarian, Bertram Lippincott, examines a painting depicting the hanging of Mary Dyer. Mary Dyer's execution was the last capital punishment for heresy in the English-speaking world aside from, arguably, the Salem witch trials. No event better mirrors the political and spiritual struggle between the Puritan theocracy of Boston and the unusual, sweeping freedoms offered by the Rhode Island colony.
The inducible transcription factor NF-<i>κ</i>B: structure-function relationship of its protein subunits (1993)

Research Article| March 01 1993 The inducible transcription factor NF-κB: structure-function relationship of its protein subunits S Grimm; S Grimm 1Laboratory for Molecular Biology of the Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Gene Center, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-8033 Martinsried, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P A Baeuerle P A Baeuerle 1Laboratory for Molecular Biology of the Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Gene Center, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-8033 Martinsried, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1993) 290 (2): 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2900297 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation S Grimm, P A Baeuerle; The inducible transcription factor NF-κB: structure-function relationship of its protein subunits. Biochem J 1 March 1993; 290 (2): 297–308. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2900297 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search © 1993 The Biochemical Society, London1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Boosting Photon Harvesting in Organic Solar Cells with Highly Oriented Molecular Crystals <i>via</i> Graphene–Organic Heterointerface (2015)

Photon harvesting in organic solar cells is highly dependent on the anisotropic nature of the optoelectronic properties of photoactive materials. Here, we demonstrate an efficient approach to dramatically enhance photon harvesting in planar heterojunction solar cells by using a graphene-organic heterointerface. A large area, residue-free monolayer graphene is inserted at anode interface to serve as an atomically thin epitaxial template for growing highly orientated pentacene crystals with lying-down orientation. This anisotropic orientation enhances the overall optoelectronic properties, including light absorption, charge carrier lifetime, interfacial energetics, and especially the exciton diffusion length. Spectroscopic and crystallographic analysis reveal that the lying-down orientation persists until a thickness of 110 nm, which, along with increased exciton diffusion length up to nearly 100 nm, allows the device optimum thickness to be doubled to yield significantly enhanced light absorption within the photoactive layers. The resultant photovoltaic performance shows simultaneous increment in Voc, Jsc, and FF, and consequently a 5 times increment in the maximum power conversion efficiency than the equivalent devices without a graphene layer. The present findings indicate that controlling organic-graphene heterointerface could provide a design strategy of organic solar cell architecture for boosting photon harvesting.
Intracellular calcium transients and arrhythmia in isolated heart cells. (1991)

Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) elevation may mediate cardiac arrhythmias. However, direct measurement of the rapid alterations of [Ca2+]i on a beat-to-beat basis using fast temporal resolution and without signal averaging in the spontaneously beating in vivo heart is lacking. Furthermore, data from an isolated spontaneously beating myocyte preparation that develops arrhythmia similar to that in the in vivo heart are unavailable. We measured rapid changes of [Ca2+]i with fast temporal resolution in isolated spontaneously beating neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with cell-to-cell communication and characterized the interrelation between [Ca2+]i and arrhythmia. An elevated extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o) concentration of 10.8 mM induced premature beats, a rapid beating rate (tachyarrhythmia), and chaotic or fibrillatory beating activity in a small group of myocytes. [Ca2+]i levels during systole increased from the nanomolar to micromolar concentration range before arrhythmia development. Spontaneous oscillations of [Ca2+]i during diastole could evoke a spontaneous tachyarrhythmia. In the presence of [Ca2+]i elevation, a spontaneous tachyarrhythmia could induce severe [Ca2+]i overload. Reduction of [Ca2+]i with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid AM (5 microM) in the presence of 10.8 mM [Ca2+]o reversed the arrhythmia. In single ventricular myocytes superfused with 10.8 mM [Ca2+]o, oscillations of membrane potential characteristic of transient inward current occurred that were prevented by ryanodine (0.1 microM), an inhibitor of Ca2+ flux across the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This study characterizes 1) an isolated multicellular myocyte model of arrhythmia similar to that evident in in vivo hearts, 2) elevation of [Ca2+]i with systolic [Ca2+]i levels of 1-3 microM and diastolic [Ca2+]i oscillations before the initiation of arrhythmia, 3) tachyarrhythmia as a cause of severe [Ca2+]i overload, which may be important in the perpetuation and degeneration of arrhythmias, and 4) reversal of arrhythmia with reduction of [Ca2+]i. The results in the isolated myocyte model may have relevance to the generation and perpetuation of certain cardiac arrhythmias associated with calcium overload.
Proton Conducting Perhydropolysilazane-Derived Gate Dielectric for Solution-Processed Metal Oxide-Based Thin-Film Transistors (2020)

Perhydropolysilazane (PHPS), an inorganic polymer composed of Si-N and Si-H, has attracted much attention as a precursor for gate dielectrics of thin-film transistors (TFTs) due to its facile processing even at a relatively low temperature. However, an in-depth understanding of the tunable dielectric behavior of PHPS-derived dielectrics and their effects on TFT device performance is still lacking. In this study, the PHPS-derived dielectric films formed at different annealing temperatures have been used as the gate dielectric layer for solution-processed indium zinc oxide (IZO) TFTs. Notably, the IZO TFTs fabricated on PHPS annealed at 350 °C exhibit mobility as high as 118 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, which is about 50 times the IZO TFTs made on typical SiO<sub>2</sub> dielectrics. The outstanding electrical performance is possible because of the exceptional capacitance of PHPS-derived dielectric caused by the limited hydrolysis reaction of PHPS at a low processing temperature (<400 °C). According to our analysis, the exceptional dielectric behavior is originated from the electric double layer formed by mobile of protons in the low temperature-annealed PHPS dielectrics. Furthermore, proton conduction through the PHPS dielectric occurs through a three-dimensional pathway by a hopping mechanism, which allows uniform polarization of the dielectric even at room temperature, leading to amplified performance of the IZO TFTs.
The Thermostability of Vaccines: Technologies for Improving the Thermostability of the Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (1994)

Technologies that promise to enhance the stability of vaccines are likely to be determined by the product-specific physical structure and biological functions of the specific vaccine immunogens. Research may define the extent to which the stability of oral poliovirus vaccine may be improved by the addition of certain antiviral components that bind to the poliovirus capsid or by the application of novel drying technologies.
Proposed three-dimensional model for the attachment protein G of respiratory syncytial virus (1996)

Protein G of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an envelope glycoprotein that is structurally very different from its counterparts (haemagglutinin-neuraminidase and haemagglutinin) in other paramyxoviruses. In this study, we put forward a model for this unique viral envelope protein. We propose that protein G of RSV contains several independently folding regions, with the ectodomain consisting of a conserved central hydrophobic region located between two polymeric mucin-like regions. The central conserved region is probably the only relatively fixed and folded part of the ectodomain of RSV-G. This central conserved region contains four conserved cysteine residues which can form two disulphide bridges. Analysis of the proteolytic digestion products of a peptide corresponding to the central conserved region showed that one of the three theoretically possible combinations of disulphide connections could be eliminated. The final disulphide bridge assignment was established by affinity measurements with peptide variants in which different disulphide connections were formed. Additionally, peptide binding studies were used to map the binding site, at the amino acid level, of a monoclonal antibody directed against the central conserved region. These studies indicated the level of surface exposure of the amino acid side-chains. The surface exposure agreed with the structural model. The proteolytic digestion, the peptide binding studies and the affinity measurements with structural peptide variants support a structural model with disulphide connections that correspond to a structural motif called a cystine noose. This model provides a structural explanation for the location and molecular details of important antigenic sites.
High-performance GeSn photodetector and fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) on an advanced GeSn-on-insulator platform (2018)

We report the first demonstration of high-performance GeSn metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector and GeSn p-type fin field-effect transistor (pFinFET) on an advanced GeSn-on-insulator (GeSnOI) platform by complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible processes. The detection range of GeSn photodetector is extended beyond 2 µm, with responsivities of 0.39 and 0.10 A/W at 1550 nm and 2003 nm, respectively. Through the insertion of an ultrathin Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Schottky-barrier-enhancement layer, the dark current IDark of the GeSn photodetector is suppressed by more than 2 orders of magnitude. An impressive IDark of ~65 nA was achieved at an operating voltage of 1.0 V. A frequency response measurement reveals the achievement of a 3-dB bandwidth of ~1.4 GHz at an illumination wavelength of 2 µm. GeSn pFinFET with fin width (Wfin) scaled down to 15 nm was also fabricated on the GeSnOI platform, exhibiting a small subthreshold swing (S) of 93 mV/decade, a high drive current of 176 µA/µm, and good control of short channel effects (SCEs). This work paves the way for realizing compact, low-cost, and multi-functional GeSn-on-insulator opto-electronic integrated circuits.
Studies of Chemically Modified Honeybee Venom II. (1982)

Honeybee venom allergens modified by formaldehyde treatment (F), acetoacetylation (A), and coupling to polyethylene glycol (P) were studied with regard to their immunogenicity and their IgE-suppressive potential in rabbits and mice. F indiced a strong IgG response in rabbits and especially mice, but only a moderate IgE response in the mouse. Its IgE-suppressive potential in mice was comparable to that of unmodified bee venom. A induced only a weak IgG and IgE response. Its IgE-suppressive potential was greater than that of unmodified bee venom. P was nonimmunogenic and had only a marginal IgE-suppressive effect. F and A seem promising for the treatment of bee sting-allergic individuals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EPOXY RESIN EMBEDDING METHODS (1961)

Epoxy embedding methods of Glauert and Kushida have been modified so as to yield rapid, reproducible, and convenient embedding methods for electron microscopy. The sections are robust and tissue damage is less than with methacrylate embedding.
Analysis of Low On-Resistance in 4H-SiC Double-Epitaxial MOSFET (2005)

In our previous study, the on-resistance of the SiC-based vertical MOSFET had been reduced in double-epitaxial MOSFET (DEMOSFET). The device exhibited an on-resistance (Rons) of 8.5 mWcm2 with a blocking voltage (Vbr) of 600 V. This study analyzed the characteristics of the DEMOSFET using a numerical simulation. The results showed the trade-off relationship between the specific on-resistance and the blocking characteristics when the concentration of the nitrogen ions increases in the surface of the n-type region between the p-wells. Specially, the specific on-resistance was drastically improved by increasing the concentration of the nitrogen ions. The thick gate oxide on the n-type region between the p-wells had an advantage to suppress the electric field in the gate oxide.
Open-Cage Fullerene Derivatives with 15-Membered-Ring Orifices (2004)

The addition reaction of the N-MEM-ketolactam derivative of [60]fullerene with phenyl, p-Br-phenyl, and p-MeO-phenyl hydrazines proceeds regioselectively, affording three open-cage fullerene derivatives bearing a 15-membered-ring orifice on the fullerene cage. Both experimental data and theoretical calculations were utilized for the structure determination of the new [60]fullerene adducts.
Individual differences in beginning teachers’ competencies - a latent growth curve model based on video data (2014)

As part of the cross-national project “Alpha”, the classroom instruction of 73 beginning teachers from four teacher universities in Austria, Germany and Switzerland was recorded on video at two different points during their first year of teaching. The observed teaching techniques of the teachers were then rated by experts. A reanalysis of the qualitative rating data led to a reduced competence model. Derived from a confirmatory factor analysis, a model with three major teaching competencies – “motivating students”, “pacing” and “facilitating” – was established. Based on a latent class growth curve model, we found individual differences at the first point of measurement, but no differences in growth. Adding covariates to the model revealed differences in growth. Beginning teachers with previous study experience showed significant growth in the three advanced teaching competencies compared to teachers without such experience. (DIPF/Orig.)
Diffuse reflectance and transmittance of IR absorbing polymer film (1998)

Abstract This study employs the ray tracing method to analyze and develop mathematical formulae for the internal reflectance of a free standing thick polymer film. The proposed formulae are then used to simulate the diffuse reflectance and diffuse transmittance. Analysis results indicate that internal reflectance is not a constant and varies with film thickness and absorption property. Internal reflectance of the front surface (irradiated surface) surpasses that of the back surface. In addition, all the internal reflectances decrease with the film thickness and the absorption property. In light of the measured thickness and experimentally determined diffuse transmittance of a polymer film, the extinction coefficient to diffuse IR irradiation can be obtained by interpolating in the graphs provided in this study.
Angiopoietin-related growth factor (AGF) promotes epidermal proliferation, remodeling, and regeneration (2003)

We report here the identification of an angiopoietin-related growth factor (AGF). To examine the biological function of AGF in vivo, we created transgenic mice expressing AGF in epidermal keratinocytes (K14-AGF). K14-AGF mice exhibited swollen and reddish ears, nose and eyelids. Histological analyses of K14-AGF mice revealed significantly thickened epidermis and a marked increase in proliferating epidermal cells as well as vascular cells in the skin compared with nontransgenic controls. In addition, we found rapid wound closure in the healing process and an unusual closure of holes punched in the ears of K14-AGF mice. Furthermore, we observed that AGF is expressed in platelets and mast cells, and detected at wounded skin, whereas there was no expression of AGF detected in normal skin tissues, suggesting that AGF derived from these infiltrated cells affects epidermal proliferation and thereby plays a role in the wound healing process. These findings demonstrate that biological functions of AGF in epidermal keratinocytes could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for wound care and epidermal regenerative medicine.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of <i>o</i>-Iodoanilines for Synthesis of Isatoic Anhydrides (2014)

A novel palladium-catalyzed oxidative double carbonylation of o-iodoanilines for the synthesis of isatoic anhydrides has been developed. The reaction employs readily available o-iodoanilines as the starting materials and proceeds under mild conditions. For extension, palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of anthranilic acids was developed for the synthesis of substituted isatoic anhydrides in high to excellent yields.
A putative proton binding site of plasma membrane H<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase identified through homology modelling (2001)

We have used the 2.6 A structure of the rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase isoform 1a, SERCA1a [Toyoshima, C., Nakasako, M., Nomura, H. and Ogawa, H. (2000) Nature 405, 647-655], to build models by homology modelling of two plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPases, Arabidopsis thaliana AHA2 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae PMA1. We propose that in both yeast and plant PM H(+)-ATPases a strictly conserved aspartate in transmembrane segment (M)6 (D684(AHA2)/D730(PMA1)), and three backbone carbonyls in M4 (I282(AHA2)/I331(PMA1), G283(AHA2)/I332(PMA1) and I285(AHA2)/V334(PMA1)) comprise a binding site for H3O(+), suggesting a previously unknown mechanism for transport of protons. Comparison with the structure of the SERCA1a made it feasible to suggest a possible receptor region for the C-terminal auto-inhibitory domain extending from the phosphorylation and anchor domains into the transmembrane region.
Law Schools Should Be about Justice Too (1992)

Millions of low and middle-income Americans face legal problems every day. Most cannot afford an attorney. What is remarkable about these legal problems is that they are ignored by legal educators. American law schools, the training ground for our lawyers, do not focus on the civil legal problems of low and middle income persons. American law students are taught to focus on the legal problems of persons or entities able to pay for legal services. Not only are the common legal problems of Americans not studied in our law schools, the maldistribution of legal services in the society is barely even acknowledged by legal educators. One consequence of the law schools' inattention to the legal needs of a large majority of Americans is the low incidence of pro bono work by practicing attorneys. This article describes how American law schools fail to teach law students about the public service responsibilities of lawyers. It also explores ways legal educators can better prepare their students to perform these responsibilities in their legal careers.
Membrane Fusion: Grappling with SNARE and SM Proteins (2009)

The two universally required components of the intracellular membrane fusion machinery, SNARE and SM (Sec1/Munc18-like) proteins, play complementary roles in fusion. Vesicular and target membrane-localized SNARE proteins zipper up into an alpha-helical bundle that pulls the two membranes tightly together to exert the force required for fusion. SM proteins, shaped like clasps, bind to trans-SNARE complexes to direct their fusogenic action. Individual fusion reactions are executed by distinct combinations of SNARE and SM proteins to ensure specificity, and are controlled by regulators that embed the SM-SNARE fusion machinery into a physiological context. This regulation is spectacularly apparent in the exquisite speed and precision of synaptic exocytosis, where synaptotagmin (the calcium-ion sensor for fusion) cooperates with complexin (the clamp activator) to control the precisely timed release of neurotransmitters that initiates synaptic transmission and underlies brain function.
Acute patient care: pressure areas (1993)

Life-saving and diagnostic procedures are vital in the acute care situation, but a few simple precautions for patients particularly at risk may prevent the later development of a serious and unwanted complication: the pressure sore.
A Fast Asymmetric Extremum Content Defined Chunking Algorithm for Data Deduplication in Backup Storage Systems (2016)

Chunk-level deduplication plays an important role in backup storage systems. Existing Content-Defined Chunking (CDC) algorithms, while robust in finding suitable chunk boundaries, face the key challenges of (1) low chunking throughput that renders the chunking stage a serious deduplication performance bottleneck, (2) large chunk size variance that decreases deduplication efficiency, and (3) being unable to find proper chunk boundaries in low-entropy strings and thus failing to deduplicate these strings. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a new CDC algorithm called the Asymmetric Extremum (AE) algorithm. The main idea behind AE is based on the observation that the extreme value in an asymmetric local range is not likely to be replaced by a new extreme value in dealing with the boundaries-shifting problem. As a result, AE has higher chunking throughput, smaller chunk size variance than the existing CDC algorithms, and is able to find proper chunk boundaries in low-entropy strings. The experimental results based on realworld datasets show that AE improves the throughput performance of the state-of-the-art CDC algorithms by more than 2.3×, which is fast enough to remove the chunking-throughput performance bottleneck of deduplication, and accelerates the system throughput by more than 50 percent, while achieving comparable deduplication efficiency.