gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Types of Somatostatin Receptors Differentiated by Cyclic Somatostatin Analogs (1985)

Somatostatin receptors in rat brain, pituitary, and pancreas were labeled with two radioiodinated analogs of somatostatins 14 and 28. Two cyclic analogs of somatostatin, SMS201-995 and cyclo(Ala-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys), showed biphasic displacement of binding to somatostatin receptors by these radioligands. In contrast, all other somatostatin analogs, including somatostatin-14, competed for the receptor sites with monophasic displacement of radioligand receptor binding. Thus two types of somatostatin receptors were identified. It was found that the pituitary and pancreas have predominantly one type of somatostatin receptor whereas the brain has both, and that different regions of the brain have various proportions of the two types. These findings suggest methods to characterize other types of somatostatin receptors subserving somatostatin's diverse physiological functions, including a potential role in cognitive function and extrapyramidal motor system control.
Specific Proteolysis of Human IgA by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (1980)

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are among the most common bacterial pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections in otherwise healthy humans. Thirty-six strains of S. pneumoniae, 62 strains of H. influenzae, six hospital-acquired respiratory pathogens, and a strain of Streptococcus pyogenes were examined for production of IgA protease, a bacterial enzyme whose only known substrate is human IgA1. IgA protease was produced by 100% of the isolates of S. pneumoniae and 98% of the isolates of H. influenzae. The enzyme from both species cleaved human serum and secretory IgA1 proteins, but not human IgA2, IgG, or human serum albumin. None of the hospital-acquired pathogens had detectable IgA protease activity, a finding indicating that the production of this enzyme distinguishes S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae from the opporunistic respiratory pathogens.
Falling-Incident Detection and Alarm by Smartphone with Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) (2012)

This paper presents a system with real-time classification of human movements based on smartphone mounted on the waist. The built-in tri-accelerometer was utilized to collect the information of body motion. At the same time, the smartphone is able to classify the data for activity recognition. By our algorithm, body motion can be classified into five different patterns: vertical activity, lying, sitting or static standing, horizontal activity and fall. It alarms falling by Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) with map of suspected fall location, GPS coordinate and time etc. If a fall was suspected, an automatic MMS would be sent to preset people. The major advantage of the proposed system is the novel application of smartphone which already have the necessary sensors and can monitor fall ubiquitously without any additional devices.
A comparison of biophysical characterization techniques in predicting monoclonal antibody stability (2016)

With the rapid growth of biopharmaceutical product development, knowledge of therapeutic protein stability has become increasingly important. We evaluated assays that measure solution-mediated interactions and key molecular characteristics of 9 formulated monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics, to predict their stability behavior. Colloidal interactions, self-association propensity and conformational stability were measured using effective surface charge via zeta potential, diffusion interaction parameter (kD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The molecular features of all 9 mAbs were compared to their stability at accelerated (25°C and 40°C) and long-term storage conditions (2-8°C) as measured by size exclusion chromatography. At accelerated storage conditions, the majority of the mAbs in this study degraded via fragmentation rather than aggregation. Our results show that colloidal stability, self-association propensity and conformational characteristics (exposed tryptophan) provide reasonable prediction of accelerated stability, with limited predictive value at 2-8°C stability. While no correlations to stability behavior were observed with onset-of-melting temperatures or domain unfolding temperatures, by DSC, melting of the Fab domain with the CH2 domain suggests lower stability at stressed conditions. The relevance of identifying appropriate biophysical assays based on the primary degradation pathways is discussed.
Pulse Broadening in Multimode Optical Fibers (1975)

Closed-form expressions are obtained for the impulse response of graded-index fibers whose relative permittivity is a homogeneous function of the two transverse coordinates x, y, and for the impulse width in graded-index fibers whose profile departs slightly, but otherwise arbitrarily, from a square law. The inhomogeneous dispersion of the material is taken into account. Pulse broadening can be reduced by a factor of 12 from the value obtained for square-law fibers. Simple expressions are found for the acceptance of highly oversized fibers.
Effect of parenteral magnesium sulfate administration on excitatory amino acid receptors in the rat brain. (1998)

The literature regarding magnesium sulfate central nervous system inhibitory effect will be reviewed. We suggest that its mechanism of action be through the excitatory amino acid receptors. We have demonstrated that magnesium sulfate enters the cerebrospinal fluid and brain after systemic administration. The significant rise in brain magnesium concentration is associated with an elevation of the seizure threshold and a marked resistance of the animal to electrically as well as NMDA stimulated hippocampal seizures. Using autoradiography we have studied the effect of magnesium sulfate on the NMDA receptor-channel complex, as well as on the AMPA and Kainate receptors. The results provide further information on the mechanism by which magnesium' central anticonvulsant activity is mediated in the rat model.
[Observation on therapeutic effect of acupuncture on recurrent oral ulcer]. (2006)

The therapeutic effect of acupuncture is significantly better than that of the control group, and acupuncture is an effective therapy for recurrent oral ulcer of type of accumulation of heat in the heart and spleen.
Mesenchymal stem‐cell potential in cartilage repair: an update (2014)

Articular cartilage damage and subsequent degeneration are a frequent occurrence in synovial joints. Treatment of these lesions is a challenge because this tissue is incapable of quality repair and/or regeneration to its native state. Non-operative treatments endeavour to control symptoms and include anti-inflammatory medications, viscosupplementation, bracing, orthotics and activity modification. Classical surgical techniques for articular cartilage lesions are frequently insufficient in restoring normal anatomy and function and in many cases, it has not been possible to achieve the desired results. Consequently, researchers and clinicians are focusing on alternative methods for cartilage preservation and repair. Recently, cell-based therapy has become a key focus of tissue engineering research to achieve functional replacement of articular cartilage. The present manuscript is a brief review of stem cells and their potential in the treatment of early OA (i.e. articular cartilage pathology) and recent progress in the field.
Cytapheresis with a filter for selective removal of CD4+ T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2003)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a major animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS). CD4+ T cells are thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of EAE and MS. In order to investigate the depletion of CD4+ T cells from the systemic circulation as an effective strategy for the treatment of MS, we performed extracorporeal CD4+ T cell adsorption, using a filter to which anti-CD4+ antibody is immobilized as a ligand, in adoptively transferred EAE. Rats treated with CD4+ T cell removal filter (CD4RF) exhibited milder clinical signs of EAE and earlier recovery than those receiving sham treatment. Moreover, the thymic cells from EAE rats treated with CD4RF exhibited a suppressed proliferative response and IFN-gamma production to myelin basic protein. These results suggest that depletion of CD4+ T cells from the systemic circulation by extracorporeal treatment is a potentially useful strategy for treatment of acute phase and relapsing MS.
Temporal Framing of Thalamic Relay-Mode Firing by Phasic Inhibition during the Alpha Rhythm (2009)

Several aspects of perception, particularly those pertaining to vision, are closely linked to the occipital alpha (alpha) rhythm. However, how the alpha rhythm relates to the activity of neurons that convey primary visual information is unknown. Here we show that in behaving cats, thalamocortical neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) that operate in a conventional relay-mode form two groups where the cumulative firing is subject to a cyclic suppression that is centered on the negative alpha rhythm peak in one group and on the positive peak in the other. This leads to an effective temporal framing of relay-mode output and results from phasic inhibition from LGN interneurons, which in turn are rhythmically excited by thalamocortical neurons that exhibit high-threshold bursts. These results provide a potential cellular substrate for linking the alpha rhythm to perception and further underscore the central role of inhibition in controlling spike timing during cognitively relevant brain oscillations.
Efficient multilayer organic solar cells using the optical interference peak (2008)

A multilayer structure of copper phthalocyanine/poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl): [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (CuPc/P3HT:PCBM) is used to extend the light absorption spectrum covering almost the entire visible spectrum. To maximize the light absorption, the total number of excitons created in the multilayer structure as a function of layer thickness of both CuPc and P3HT:PCBM is simulated by using the optical transfer matrix formalism. The solar cells with a device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CuPc/P3HT:PCBM/Al are fabricated with different layers thicknesses. The optimized solar cell with a high short circuit current density of 12.54mA∕cm2 and power conversion efficiency as high as 4.13% is achieved, owing to the utilization of the second optical interference peak in the multilayer structure for the enhanced light absorption.
Sensor modeling, probabilistic hypothesis generation, and robust localization for object recognition (2002)

In an effort to make object recognition efficient and accurate enough for applications, the authors have developed three techniques; sensor modeling, probabilistic hypothesis generation, and robust localization-which form the basis of a probabilistic object recognition algorithm. To minimize recognition time, these techniques exploit prior knowledge to reduce the number of verifications (the most expensive and critical part of the algorithm) required during recognition. The approach utilizes statistical constraints generated by modeling the entire sensing process, resulting in more accurate constraints on matches. Hypotheses are pruned by a probabilistic algorithm which selects matches based on image evidence and prior statistical constraints. The reliability of the verification decision is increased by robust localization. The authors have implemented these techniques in a system for recognizing polyhedral objects in range images. The results demonstrate accurate recognition while greatly limiting the number of verifications performed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stacking interaction of naphthalenesulfonate ions around poly(allylammonium) cation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStacking interaction of naphthalenesulfonate ions around poly(allylammonium) cationTomoyuki Itaya, Hiroshi Ochiai, Kazuyoshi Ueda, and Akira ImamuraCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 22, 6021–6026Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00074a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00074a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Palladium‐Mediated [<sup>11</sup>C]Carbonylation at Atmospheric Pressure: A General Method Using Xantphos as Supporting Ligand (2013)

Abstract The palladium‐catalyzed [ 11 C]carbonylation of aryl halides and triflates was achieved at atmospheric pressure by employing xantphos as the supporting ligand. Aryl halides were converted into their corresponding [ 11 C]amides in good to excellent yields. The conditions were also successfully employed in the radiolabeling of an [ 11 C]ester, a [ 11 C]carboxylic acid, an [ 11 C]aldehyde, and a [ 11 C]ketone.
Elevated sod2 activity augments matrix metalloproteinase expression: evidence for the involvement of endogenous hydrogen peroxide in regulating metastasis. (2003)

MMPs play a critical role in the process of stromal invasion and metastasis, and these findings suggest that the association between increased Sod2 and poor prognosis in certain cancers may be attributed to elevated MMP production.
Role of Spatial and Temporal Coincidence in Depth Organization (1998)

The linking of spatial information is essential for coherent space perception. A study is reported of the contribution of temporal and spatial alignment for the linkage of spatial elements in terms of depth perception. Stereo half-images were generated on the left and right halves of a large-screen video monitor and viewed through a mirror stereoscope. The half-images portrayed a black vertically oriented bar with two brackets immediately flanking this bar and placed in crossed or uncrossed disparity relative to the bar. A pair of thin white 'bridging lines' could appear on the black bar, always at zero disparity. Brackets and bridging lines could be flickered either in phase or out of phase. Observers judged whether the brackets appeared in front of or behind the black bar, with disparity varied. Compared to conditions when the bridging lines were absent, depth judgments were markedly biased toward "in front" when bridging lines and brackets flashed in temporal phase; this bias was much reduced when the bridging lines and brackets flashed out of phase. This biasing effect also depended on spatial offset of lines and brackets. However, perception was uninfluenced by the lateral separation between object and brackets.
Involvement of Hormonal and Neuromodulatory Systems in the Regulation of Memory Storage (1989)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Phosphorylcholine stimulates capsule formation of phosphate-limited mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1988)

Production of both alginic acid and lipopolysaccharide by a mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, SRM-3, was studied in a chemostat system during growth under nutrient-limiting conditions chosen to reflect the chronic growth conditions in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Since mucoid strains have been shown to elaborate extracellular proteases and phospholipase C, nitrogen and phosphate limitation were selected for analysis. A modified alginate-promoting medium containing either 1 mM glutamate or 0.05 mM K2HPO4 as limiting nutrient and doubling times of 1.6 to 15.7 h were used. Under nitrogen limitation, strain SRM-3 produced 1.4 mg of uronic acid per mg (dry weight) of cells at all doubling times studied. However, phosphate limitation resulted in the synthesis of only 0.4 mg of uronic acid per mg (dry weight) of cells. The role of phosphate in alginic acid polysaccharide production was further investigated by using phosphorylcholine, a product of phospholipase C activity on phosphatidylcholine, the major lung surfactant. No only were mucoid cells capable of utilizing phosphorylcholine for growth, but a highly specific interaction occurred among phosphorylcholine, alginate, and whole cells, resulting in greatly enhanced culture viscosity. Electron micrographs showed the gradual formation of a capsule during growth on phosphorylcholine, indicating that the mucoid strain has the ability to utilize surfactant not only as a nutrient source but also for constructing a capsule with greatly enhanced adhesive properties.
Efficient feedback mechanism and rate adaptation for LTE-based D2D communication (2017)

Along with the surge of data traffic amount, Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is emerging as a key data traffic offloading technology. However, current LTE-based D2D communication has limitations such as the lack of feedback mechanism, causing difficulty for efficient radio resource use. In this paper, we propose a feedback mechanism as well as a feedback-based rate adaptation scheme to increase the spectral efficiency of LTE-based D2D communication. In particular, the proposed feedback mechanism between Transmitter (Tx) and Receivers (Rxs) is designed to minimize signaling overhead. Thanks to the feedback mechanism, the proposed rate adaptation scheme makes D2D Tx use the highest Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) level while guaranteeing reliable transmission to all Rxs. Through extensive simulations, we verify that the proposed solution achieves solid goodput performance under various channel environments.
The Influence of MHC Class II Molecules Containing the Rheumatoid Arthritis Shared Epitope on the Immune Response to Aggrecan G1 and Its Peptides (2007)

Aggrecan has been implied as an autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Immunization with aggrecan induces arthritis in BALB/c (H-2(d)) mice but not in other strains of mice [e.g. C57BL/6 (H-2(b))]. In humans, the strongest genetic association with RA is to the shared epitope (SE), and aggrecan peptides are predicted to bind to the SE. Therefore, we hypothesized that C57BL/6 mice transgenic (tg) for the RA SE (DR4 tg mice) may be susceptible to aggrecan-induced arthritis. C57BL/6 and DR4 tg mice were immunized with a mixture of SE-binding aggrecan peptides and tested for immune responses to the corresponding peptides as well as aggrecan. Sustained T- and B-cell immune responses to aggrecan and several of its peptides were detected in DR4 tg mice. C57BL/6 mice showed only transient T-cell responses to different immunizing peptides and little B-cell response. Therefore, an immune response to peptides of aggrecan can be induced experimentally in DR4 tg mice as anticipated from the predicted and actual binding affinities of these peptides for the RA SE. Failure to induce arthritis in these DR4 tg mice may be due to a lack of appropriate non-MHC genes.
Methodology of immunohistological detection of oestrogen receptor in human breast carcinoma in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue: a comparison with frozen section methodology (1993)

We describe a method of immunohistochemically assessing estrogen receptor status on routinely processed formalin-fixed tissue, using a commercially available monoclonal antibody (Abbott H222), with pronase predigestion of tissue sections and overnight antibody incubation. The staining was assessed using the H score system. A series of 94 cases of breast cancer were analysed and the results were compared with assessment by oestrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay performed on frozen section. Direct comparison of the paired sets of H scores obtained with frozen tissue and formalin-fixed tissue showed a highly significant correlation of 0.8 (P < 0.001) between the two methods of oestrogen receptor assessment. Chi-squared analysis using H score cut off points of 50 and 100 also showed a similar significant association (P < 0.001). We conclude that this oestrogen receptor method, applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, gives accurate results on routinely fixed tissue and could be used as an alternative to other methods.
Reduction imaging with soft x rays for projection lithography (1992)

It has been shown that it is possible to produce near diffraction limited images with soft x rays of wavelength 13.8 nm using normal incidence Si/Mo-multilayered coated optics. Initial experiments with a 20X reduction Schwarzschild optic produced features as small as 50 nm. It is considered that soft x-ray projection lithography may be a likely candidate for the future generation of lithographic tools needed to produce 0.1-μm features for integrated circuits around the turn of the century.
High Incidence of T-Cell Tumors in E2A-Null Mice and E2A/Id1 Double-Knockout Mice (1997)

The basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins encoded by the E2A gene are broadly expressed transcription regulators which function through binding to the E-box enhancer sequences. The DNA binding activities of E2A proteins are directly inhibited upon dimerization with the Id1 gene product. It has been shown that disruption of the E2A gene leads to a complete block in B-lymphocyte development and a high frequency of neonatal death. We report here that nearly half of the surviving E2A-null mice develop acute T-cell lymphoma between 3 to 10 months of age. We further show that disruption of the Id1 gene improves the chance of postnatal survival of E2A-null mice, indicating that Id1 is a canonical negative regulator of E2A and that the unbalanced ratio of E2A to Id1 may contribute to the postnatal death of the E2A-null mice. However, the E2A/Id1 double-knockout mice still develop T-cell tumors once they reach the age of 3 months. This result suggests that E2A may be essential for maintaining the homeostasis of T lymphocytes during their constant renewal in adult life.
QoS aware energy optimal network topology design and dynamic link power management (2010)

To construct energy optimal Internet, a new traffic engineering concept aggregating traffic into specific links and dynamically powering off interfaces of routers/switches should be introduced. This paper proposes a network topology design algorithm and examines link power management.