gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the moments of inertia of full scale airplanes (1927)

This paper contains a description of the method of measuring .. moments of inertia of full scale airnlanes as practiced by
Wirelessly interrogable sensors for different purposes in industrial radio channels (2002)

The radio request of passive wirelessly interrogable surface acoustic wave sensors is discussed. The parameters of the measurement process are divided to the contributions of the sensor, the radio channel and the radio request method. The measurement bandwidth and an example for an actual radio channel are discussed. For matching of the method to the measurement problem, the parameters of different radio request methods are estimated.
10′-Deoxy-10′ α-hydroxyascochlorin, a New Cell Migration Inhibitor and Other Metabolites from <i>Acremonium</i> sp., a Fungal Endophyte in <i>Ephedra trifurca</i> (2013)

A new ascochlorin, 10′-deoxy-10′ α-hydroxyascochlorin (1), together with ascofuranone (2), ascochlorin (3), and 4′,5′-dihydro-4′ β-hydroxyascochlorin (4) were isolated from Acremonium sp. LG0808, an endophytic fungal strain occurring in the stem tissue of the medicinal plant, Ephedra trifurca. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of its high-resolution mass spectrometric, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 3 inhibited migration of metastatic prostate cancer cells, PC-3M. In addition, 3 exhibited moderately selective cytotoxicity against the NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer) cell line, but its dimethyl ether (6) showed selective activity against PC-3M, MCF-7 (breast cancer), and MDA-MB-231 (metastatic breast cancer) cell lines.
Self-Assembly of Patchy Particles (2004)

Molecular simulations are performed to study the self-assembly of particles with discrete, attractive interaction sites - "patches" - at prescribed locations on the particle surface. Chains, sheets, rings, icosahedra, square pyramids, tetrahedra, and twisted and staircase structures are obtained through suitable design of the surface pattern of patches. Our simulations predict that the spontaneous formation of two-dimensional sheets and icosahedra occurs via a first-order transition while the formation of chains occurs via a continuous disorder-to-order transition as in equilibrium polymerization. Our results show how precise arrangements of patches combined with patch "recognition" or selectivity may be used to control the relative position of particles and the overall structure of particle assemblies. In this context, patchy particles represent a new class of building block for the fabrication of precise structures.
SCALE: A Low-Complexity Distributed Protocol for Spectrum Balancing in Multiuser DSL Networks (2009)

Dynamic spectrum management of digital subscriber lines (DSLs) has the potential to dramatically increase the capacity of the aging last-mile copper access network. This paper takes an important step toward fulfilling this potential through power spectrum balancing. We derive a novel algorithm called SCALE, that provides a significant performance improvement over the existing iterative water-filling (IWF) algorithm in multiuser DSL networks, doing so with comparable low complexity. The algorithm is easily distributed through measurement and limited message passing with the use of a spectrum management center. We outline how overhead can be managed, and show that in the limit of zero message-passing, performance reduces to IWF.
Bootstrap Approximation to Prediction MSE for State–Space Models with Estimated Parameters (2005)

Abstract. We propose simple parametric and nonparametric bootstrap methods for estimating the prediction mean square error (PMSE) of state vector predictors that use estimated model parameters. As is well known, substituting the model parameters by their estimates in the theoretical PMSE expression that assumes known parameter values results in underestimation of the true PMSE. The parametric method consists of generating parametrically a large number of bootstrap series from the model fitted to the original series, re‐estimating the model parameters for each series using the same method as used for the original series and then estimating the separate components of the PMSE. The nonparametric method generates the series by bootstrapping the standardized innovations estimated for the original series. The bootstrap methods are compared with other methods considered in the literature in a simulation study that also examines the robustness of the various methods to non‐normality of the model error terms. Application of the bootstrap method to a model fitted to employment ratios in the USA that contains 18 unknown parameters, estimated by a three‐step procedure yields unbiased PMSE estimators.
Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid Induce Subspecies-Specific Patterns of Glucosinolate Accumulation and Gene Expression in Brassica oleracea L. (2016)

Glucosinolates have anti-carcinogenic properties. In the recent decades, the genetics of glucosinolate biosynthesis has been widely studied, however, the expression of specific genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis under exogenous phytohormone treatment has not been explored at the subspecies level in <i>Brassica oleracea</i>. Such data are vital for strategies aimed at selective exploitation of glucosinolate profiles. This study quantified the expression of 38 glucosinolate biosynthesis-related genes in three <i>B. oleracea</i> subspecies, namely cabbage, broccoli and kale, and catalogued associations between gene expression and increased contents of individual glucosinolates under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatments. Glucosinolate accumulation and gene expression in response to phytohormone elicitation was subspecies specific. For instance, cabbage leaves showed enhanced accumulation of the aliphatic glucoiberin, progoitrin, sinigrin and indolic neoglucobrassicin under both MeJA and SA treatment. MeJA treatment induced strikingly higher accumulation of glucobrassicin (GBS) in cabbage and kale and of neoglucobrassicin (NGBS) in broccoli compared to controls. Notably higher expression of <i>ST5a</i> (Bol026200), <i>CYP81F1</i> (Bol028913, Bol028914) and <i>CYP81F4</i> genes was associated with significantly higher GBS accumulation under MeJA treatment compared to controls in all three subspecies. <i>CYP81F4</i> genes, trans-activated by <i>MYB34</i> genes, were expressed at remarkably high levels in all three subspecies under MeJA treatment, which also induced in higher indolic NGBS accumulation in all three subspecies. Remarkably higher expression of <i>MYB28</i> (Bol036286), <i>ST5b</i>, <i>ST5c</i>, <i>AOP2</i>, <i>FMOGS-OX5</i> (Bol031350) and <i>GSL-OH</i> (Bol033373) was associated with much higher contents of aliphatic glucosinolates in kale leaves compared to the other two subspecies. The genes expressed highly could be utilized in strategies to selectively increase glucosinolate compounds in <i>B. oleracea</i> subspecies. These results promote efforts to develop genotypes of <i>B. oleracea</i> and other species with enhanced levels of desired glucosinolates.
Effect of sex steroid hormones on brain edema, intracranial pressure, and neurologic outcomes after traumatic brain injury (2010)

Recent studies have reported that estrogen and progesterone have a neuroprotective effect after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the mechanism(s) for this effect have not yet been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of sex steroid hormones on changes in brain edema, intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) after TBI in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In this study, 50 female rats were divided into 5 groups: control (intact), sham, and 3 TBI groups consisting of vehicle, estrogen (1 mg/kg), and progesterone (8 mg/kg). TBI was induced by the Marmarou method, and the hormones were injected i.p. 30 min after TBI. ICP was measured in the spinal cord, and CPP was calculated by subtracting the mean arterial pressure (MAP) from ICP. The results revealed that brain water content after TBI was lower (p < 0.001) in the estrogen and progesterone groups than in the vehicle group. After trauma, ICP was significantly higher in TBI rats (p < 0.001). The ICP in the estrogen and progesterone groups decreased at 4 and 24 h after TBI compared with vehicle (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). The CPP in the estrogen and progesterone groups increased after 24 h compared with vehicle (p < 0.001). Also after TBI, the neurological score (veterinary coma scale) was significantly higher than vehicle at 1 h (p < 0.01) and 24 h (p < 0.001) in the group treated with estrogen. In conclusion, pharmacological doses of estrogen and progesterone improved ICP, CPP, and neurological scores after TBI in OVX rats, which implies that these hormones play a neuroprotective role in TBI.
The role of guanosine-3',5'-bis-pyrophosphate in mediating antimicrobial activity of the antibiotic 3,5-dihydroxy-4-ethyl-trans-stilbene (1992)

The mode of action of 3,5-dihydroxy-4-ethyl-trans-stilbene (ES), an antibiotic produced by Xenorhabdus luminescens symbiotically associated with an entomopathogenic nematode, was investigated. ES was active against gram-positive and a number of gram-negative bacteria. In susceptible bacteria this antibiotic caused the inhibition of total RNA synthesis and, to a lesser extent, protein synthesis. At or above MICs, ES triggered a substantial accumulation of an intracellular regulatory compound, guanosine-3',5'-bis-pyrophosphate (ppGpp). This response was also noticed in species of bacteria which have previously not been shown to use ppGpp as a regulatory molecule. The involvement of ppGpp in antibiotic action was confirmed by using an isogenic stringent and a relaxed pair of Escherichia coli strains. The fact that the accumulation of ppGpp was correlated with the susceptibility of various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to ES suggests that this nucleotide is involved in the regulation of RNA synthesis and growth in all these microorganisms. Thus, inhibition of RNA synthesis via an increase in ppGpp concentrations may represent a mechanism that is prevalent among most bacteria and one that could be exploited for achieving a rapid inhibition of bacterial growth.
α-Galactosylceramide Analogs with Weak Agonist Activity for Human iNKT Cells Define New Candidate Anti-Inflammatory Agents (2010)

CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells with invariant T cell receptor α chains (iNKT cells) are a unique lymphocyte subset that responds to recognition of specific lipid and glycolipid antigens. They are conserved between mice and humans and exert various immunoregulatory functions through their rapid secretion of a variety of cytokines and secondary activation of dendritic cells, B cells and NK cells. In the current study, we analyzed the range of functional activation states of human iNKT cells using a library of novel analogs of α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), the prototypical iNKT cell antigen. Measurement of cytokines secreted by human iNKT cell clones over a wide range of glycolipid concentrations revealed that iNKT cell ligands could be classified into functional groups, correlating with weak versus strong agonistic activity. The findings established a hierarchy for induction of different cytokines, with thresholds for secretion being consistently lowest for IL-13, higher for interferon-γ (IFNγ), and even higher for IL-4. These findings suggested that human iNKT cells can be intrinsically polarized to selective production of IL-13 by maintaining a low level of activation using weak agonists, whereas selective polarization to IL-4 production cannot be achieved through modulating the strength of the activating ligand. In addition, using a newly designed in vitro system to assess the ability of human iNKT cells to transactivate NK cells, we found that robust secondary induction of interferon-γ secretion by NK cells was associated with strong but not weak agonist ligands of iNKT cells. These results indicate that polarization of human iNKT cell responses to Th2-like or anti-inflammatory effects may best be achieved through selective induction of IL-13 and suggest potential discrepancies with findings from mouse models that may be important in designing iNKT cell-based therapies in humans.
An Automatic Deployment Mechanism on Cloud Computing Platform (2014)

The technology of Cloud Computing has shown its great power in consolidating and integrating compute resources for higher utilizing efficiency. With the cloud computing, the organizations or companies can own their hardware and software infrastructures easily. Because of the diversity of the operating systems and applications, it is very difficult or even impossible for administrator to deploy a large number of virtual machines within a short time manually. In this paper, we propose an automatic deployment mechanism on Open Stack, a popular Cloud Computing platform. This proposed system supports the automatic deployment service at both operating system level and application level. We also develop a dashboard to facilitate users operations. Without professional knowledge of cloud, Users also can deploy their systems and the applications expediently.
Turning the respiratory flexibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against itself (2016)

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) electron transport chain (ETC) has received significant attention as a drug target, however its vulnerability may be affected by its flexibility in response to disruption. Here we determine the effect of the ETC inhibitors bedaquiline, Q203 and clofazimine on the Mtb ETC, and the value of the ETC as a drug target, by measuring Mtb's respiration using extracellular flux technology. We find that Mtb's ETC rapidly reroutes around inhibition by these drugs and increases total respiration to maintain ATP levels. Rerouting is possible because Mtb rapidly switches between terminal oxidases, and, unlike eukaryotes, is not susceptible to back pressure. Increased ETC activity potentiates clofazimine's production of reactive oxygen species, causing rapid killing in vitro and in a macrophage model. Our results indicate that combination therapy targeting the ETC can be exploited to enhance killing of Mtb.
Learning in the Simulated Setting: A Comparison of Expert-, Peer-, and Computer-Assisted Learning (2011)

CAL is as effective as expert feedback for teaching procedural skills to novices in the simulated setting. When extrinsic feedback is provided, the expertise level of the teacher seems to be a critical factor influencing effectiveness of training, with EAL being more effective than PAL.
Association of p53 binding and immortalization of primary C57BL/6 mouse embryo fibroblasts by using simian virus 40 T-antigen mutants bearing internal overlapping deletion mutations (1993)

To more precisely map the immortalization and p53 binding domains of T antigen, a large series of overlapping deletion mutations were created between codons 251 to 651 by utilizing a combination of Bal 31 deletion and oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Immortalization assay results indicated that amino acids (aa) 252 to 350, 400, and 451 to 532 could be removed without seriously compromising immortalization, although the appearance of immortal colonies was delayed in some cases. Western immunoblotting experiments indicated that the p53 binding capacities of T antigen produced by mutants missing aa 252 to 300, 301 to 350, 400, or 451 to 532 were only slightly reduced relative to that of wild-type T antigen. Within the limits of this deletion analysis, the immortalization and p53 binding domains appear to be colinear and, in fact, may represent two aspects of the same domain. This deletion analysis eliminates the entire zinc finger domain (aa 302 to 320), a small portion of the leucine-rich region (aa 345 to 350), and a large portion of the ATP binding domain (aa 451 to 528) as participants in p53 binding or in the immortalization process. The results also show that removal of T antigen amino acids within the region 451 to 532 appears to alter the capacity of newly synthesized but not older T antigen and p53 molecules to form complexes.
Minimizing bank selection instructions for partitioned memory architecture (2006)

Bank switching is a technique that increases the code and data memory in microcontrollers without extending the address buses. Given a program in which variables have been assigned to data banks, we present a novel optimization technique that minimizes the overhead of bank switching through cost-effective placement of bank selection instructions. The optimal placement is controlled by a variety of different objectives, such as runtime, low power, small code size or a combination of these parameters. We have formulated the problem as a form of Partitioned Boolean Quadratic Programming (PBQP).We implemented the optimization as part of a PIC Micro-chip backend and evaluated the approach for several optimization objectives. Our benchmark suite comprises programs from MiBench and DSPStone plus a microcontroller real-time kernel and drivers for microcontroller hardware devices. Our optimization achieved a reduction of program memory space between 2.7% and 18.2%, and an overall improvement with respect to instruction cycles between 5.1% and 28.8%. Our optimization achieved an optimal solution for all benchmark programs.
Protein glycation by ADP-ribose: Studies of model conjugates (1993)

Protein glycation by hexoses has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases as well as the aging process. Studies of ADP-ribose polymer metabolism have shown that free ADP-ribose is generated at high rates in the cell nucleus following DNA damage. Protein glycation by ADP-ribose has been reported although the chemistry is not understood. Described here is the synthesis and characterization of model conjugates for protein glycation of lysine residues by ADP-ribose. Two stable conjugates derived from ADP-ribose and n-butylamine were isolated and characterized. Both conjugates were shown to be ketoamines derived from a Schiff base by an Amadori rearrangement. The chemical stability of the ketamines allowed them to be differentiated from all classes of enzymic protein modification by ADP-ribose. Further, their chemical properties suggest that a previous report of histone H1 modification in carcinogen treated cells was due to glycation by ADP-ribose.
Quantitative Effects of Global Tempo on Expressive Timing in Music Performance: Some Perceptual Evidence (1995)

This study examines whether global tempo and expressive timing microstructure are independent in the aesthetic judgment of music performance. Measurements of tone interonset intervals in pianists' performances of pieces by Schumann ("Traumerei") and Debussy ("La fille aux cheveux de lin") at three different tempi show a tendency toward reduced relative variation in expressive timing at both faster and slower tempi, relative to the pianist's original tempo. However, this could reflect merely the pianists' discomfort when playing at an unfamiliar tempo. Therefore, a perceptual approach was taken here. Experimental stimuli were created artificially by independently manipulating global tempo (three levels) and "relative modulation depth" of expressive timing (RMD, five levels) in MIDI-recorded complete performances of the Schumann and Debussy pieces. Skilled pianists rated the quality of the resulting two sets of 15 performances on a 10-point scale. The question was whether the same RMD would receive the highest rating at all three tempi, or whether an interaction would emerge, such that different RMDs are preferred at different tempi. A small but significant interaction was obtained for both pieces, indicating that the listeners preferred a reduced RMD when the tempo was increased, but the same or a larger RMD when the tempo was decreased. Thus, they associated an increase in tempo with a decrease in (relative) expressive timing variation, which, in general agreement with the performance data, suggests that the two temporal dimensions are not independent.
Computer model of action potential of mouse ventricular myocytes (2004)

We have developed a mathematical model of the mouse ventricular myocyte action potential (AP) from voltage-clamp data of the underlying currents and Ca2+ transients. Wherever possible, we used Markov models to represent the molecular structure and function of ion channels. The model includes detailed intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, with simulations of localized events such as sarcoplasmic Ca2+ release into a small intracellular volume bounded by the sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Transporter-mediated Ca2+ fluxes from the bulk cytosol are closely matched to the experimentally reported values and predict stimulation rate-dependent changes in Ca2+ transients. Our model reproduces the properties of cardiac myocytes from two different regions of the heart: the apex and the septum. The septum has a relatively prolonged AP, which reflects a relatively small contribution from the rapid transient outward K+ current in the septum. The attribution of putative molecular bases for several of the component currents enables our mouse model to be used to simulate the behavior of genetically modified transgenic mice.
Make Yourself at Home: Viral Hijacking of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway (2013)

As viruses do not possess genes encoding for proteins required for translation, energy metabolism or membrane biosynthesis, they are classified as obligatory intracellular parasites that depend on a host cell to replicate. This genome limitation forces them to gain control over cellular processes to ensure their successful propagation. A diverse spectrum of virally encoded proteins tackling a broad spectrum of cellular pathways during most steps of the viral life cycle ranging from the host cell entry to viral protein translation has evolved. Since the host cell PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays a critical regulatory role in many cellular processes including RNA processing, translation, autophagy and apoptosis, many viruses, in widely varying ways, target it. This review focuses on a number of remarkable examples of viral strategies, which exploit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway for effective viral replication.
User Preferences for Hybrid Explanations (2017)

Hybrid recommender systems combine several different sources of information to generate recommendations. These systems demonstrate improved accuracy compared to single-source recommendation strategies. However, hybrid recommendation strategies are inherently more complex than those that use a single source of information, and thus the process of explaining recommendations to users becomes more challenging. In this paper we describe a hybrid recommender system built on a probabilistic programming language, and discuss the benefits and challenges of explaining its recommendations to users. We perform a mixed model statistical analysis of user preferences for explanations in this system. Through an online user survey, we evaluate explanations for hybrid algorithms in a variety of text and visual, graph-based formats, that are either novel designs or derived from existing hybrid recommender systems.