gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Thin-Plate Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B Nanocomposite Permanent Magnets (1998)

The quenching conditions for the formation of a nanocomposite microstructure in rapidly-solidified Nd4Fe77.5B18.5 alloys were investigated in order to obtain a hard magnetic material consisting of Fe3B and Nd2Fe14B in the as-quenched state by means of the Cu single-roll melt-spinning technique. It was found for the first time that as-spun Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B hard magnets can be obtained directly from a molten alloy when the melt-spinning process is carried out under a reduced chamber pressure of 1.3 kPa Ar on a Cu-roll surface moving at a velocity of 5 m/s. The as-spun Nd4Fe77.5B18.5 hard magnet has a thickness of 190 μm and magnetic properties of Jr = 1.25 T, (BH)max = 118.1 kJ/m3, and HcJ = 276 kA/m at room temperature. The Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B nanocomposite hard magnets obtained by this technique may be used to produce thin-plate permanent magnets.
The Immunobiology of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Agonists (2013)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a structural component of the gram-negative outer membrane. The lipid A moiety of LPS binds to the LPS receptor complex expressed by leukocytes, endothelial cells, and parenchymal cells and is the primary component of gram-negative bacteria that is recognized by the immune system. Activation of the LPS receptor complex by native lipid A induces robust cytokine production, leukocyte activation, and inflammation, which is beneficial for clearing bacterial infections at the local level but can cause severe systemic inflammation and shock at higher challenge doses. Interestingly, prior exposure to LPS renders the host resistant to shock caused by subsequent LPS challenge, a phenomenon known as endotoxin tolerance. Treatment with lipid A has also been shown to augment the host response to infection and to serve as a potent vaccine adjuvant. However, the adverse effects associated with the pronounced inflammatory response limit the use of native lipid A as a clinical immunomodulator. More recently, analogs of lipid A have been developed that possess attenuated proinflammatory activity but retain attractive immunomodulatory properties. The lipid A analog monophosphoryl lipid A exhibits approximately 1/1,000th of the toxicity of native lipid A but retains potent immunoadjuvant activity. As such, monophosphoryl lipid A is currently used as an adjuvant in several human vaccine preparations. Because of the potency of lipid A analogs as immunoadjuvants, numerous laboratories are actively working to identify and develop new lipid A mimetics and to optimize their efficacy and safety. Based on those characteristics, lipid A analogs represent an attractive family of immunomodulators.
An MOS digitally controlled analog attenuator for voiceband signals (1979)

Describes the design of an analog attenuator integrated circuit having loss settings that can be determined by remote digital control. The circuit uses a weighted MOS capacitor array to effect losses of 0-16.5 dB in steps of 0.1 dB. Each loss setting is accurate to /spl plusmn/0.02 dB. Two approaches to the circuit realization are described: a CMOS version that includes a digital memory to permit retention of loss settings for a few hours, thereby bridging brief power failures, and a more compact NMOS version that contains all the analog components on a single chip.
Means for Handling Gas Influx in a Marine Riser (1986)

ABSTRACT The deep water well-control concept described in this paper offers improved safety and reduces the risk of equipment damage and pollution. This concept could prevent the occurrence of an uncontrolled riser blowout, the danger of which is more severe as water depth increases. The proposed riser kick control device is placed at the surface, which is conventional. The added control is achieved without making major alterations to typical, present day deep water drilling systems. Basic well bore control, surface diverter techniques, and equipment remain unchanged.
Understanding the Mechanisms of Halite Inhibition and Evaluation of Halite Scale Inhibitor by Static and Dynamic Tests (2009)

Abstract The inhibition of halite mineral scale formation in oil and gas production is notoriously difficult. High concentrations of halite inhibitors always provide limited inhibition performance. In addition, it is extremely difficult to test halite formation and inhibition in the lab. In this paper, the dynamic halite loop has been developed to test halite formation and inhibition. Halite formation and inhibition were tested under both traditional static conditions and newly developed dynamic conditions. The results showed inconsistencies based on static jar tests and dynamic loop tests. The possible mechanisms of halite inhibition are discussed. The following conclusions have been drawn: Compared with the traditional static jar test, dynamic halite loop tests are more representative of halite formation in the field conditions and showed good reproducibility.The newly developed scale inhibitor demonstrated dynamic inhibition performance towards halite formation. Efficiency loop tests showed that the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) is less than 200ppm to inhibit halite formation effectively under the test conditions.
Impaired Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing (TAP) Function Attributable to a Single Amino Acid Alteration in the Peptide TAP Subunit TAP1 (2003)

The heterodimeric peptide transporter TAP belongs to the ABC transporter family. Sequence comparisons with the P-glycoprotein and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and the functional properties of selective amino acids in these ABC transporters postulated that the glutamic acid at position 263 and the phenylalanine at position 265 of the TAP1 subunit could affect peptide transporter function. To define the role of both amino acids, TAP1 mutants containing a deletion or a substitution to alanine at position 263 or 265 were generated and stably expressed in murine and human TAP1(-/-) cells. The different TAP1 mutants were characterized in terms of expression and function of TAP, MHC class I surface expression, immune recognition, and species-specific differences. The phenotype of murine and human cells expressing human TAP1 mutants with a deletion or substitution of Glu(263) was comparable to that of TAP1(-/-) cells. In contrast, murine and human TAP1 mutant cells containing a deletion or mutation of Phe(265) of the TAP1 subunit exhibit wild-type TAP function. This was associated with high levels of MHC class I surface expression and recognition by specific CTL, which was comparable to that of wild-type TAP1-transfected control cells. Thus, biochemical and functional evidence is presented that the Glu(263) of the TAP1 protein, but not the Phe(265), is critical for proper TAP function.
Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of Water on Finned Surfaces at Near Vacuum Pressures (2009)

This research paper presents a study of boiling heat transfer from longitudinal rectangular-finned surfaces immersed in saturated water at low vapor pressures. Finned surfaces with assorted fin spacing, fin thicknesses, and fin heights on a copper based surface have been investigated. All the finned surfaces were found to increase both boiling heat transfer coefficients and critical heat fluxes. An optimal fin thickness was found for a configuration, and heat transfer coefficients have been obtained at the pressures. Factors affecting the boiling characteristics have been identified and the optimal enhancement requires a balance of the active nucleation sites, bubble flow resistance, natural convection, thin film evaporation, liquid superheating, heat transfer area, bubble coalescence, and liquid reflux resistance. High speed visualization of vapor plug and vapor film generation on the boiling surfaces has revealed significant insights into the boiling mechanisms at low saturation pressures.
Alice: rapid prototyping for virtual reality (1995)

Virtual reality has sparked many people's imaginations, but writing VR programs remains difficult. Besides the obvious problems of managing arcane I/O devices (trackers, gloves, and so on), the programs must allow the participant to operate effectively in the immersive environment. Virtual environments present a new medium for both the participant and the programmer/author. In the University of Virginia's User Interface Group, we believe the best way to accelerate development in a new medium such as VR is to provide tools that allow people without highly technical backgrounds to create programs for it. These novice authors must be able to quickly try different nuances of an idea. They must be able to easily ask "what if" questions. To support this goal, we are developing Alice, a rapid prototyping environment that can generate VR environments. The name "Alice" honors Lewis Carroll's heroine, who explored a rapidly changing, dynamic environment.<<ETX>>
Thorium and actinium polyphosphonate compounds as bone-seeking alpha particle-emitting agents. (2004)

The present study explores the use of alpha-particle-emitting, bone-seeking agents as candidates for targeted radiotherapy. Actinium and thorium 1,4,7,10 tetraazacyclododecane N,N',N'',N''' 1,4,7,10-tetra(methylene) phosphonic acid (DOTMP) and thorium-diethylene triamine N,N',N'' penta(methylene) phosphonic acid (DTMP) were prepared and their biodistribution evaluated in conventional Balb/C mice at four hours after injection. All three bone-seeking agents showed a high uptake in bone and a low uptake in soft tissues. Among the soft tissue organs, only kidney had a relatively high uptake. The femur/kidney ratios for 227Th-DTMP, 228-Ac-DOTMP and 227Th-DOTMP were 14.2, 7.6 and 6.0, respectively. A higher liver uptake of 228Ac-DOTMP was seen than for 227Th-DTMP and 227Th-DOTMP. This suggests that some demetallation of the 228Ac-DOTMP complex had occurred. The results indicate that 225Ac-DOTMP, 227Th-DOTMP and 227Th-DTMP have promising properties as potential therapeutic bone-seeking agents.
Studies on Soda Oxygen Pulping of Wood (1974)

Beech and pine woods were made into chips of 1.53.0 mm in thickness, and the chips were cooked with NaOH, NaOH+Na2CO3, or Na2CO3 in the presence of O2 under the conditions shown in Table 1. The partially-delignified chips were defiberized by treating 5 times in a rotating disk refiner. The oxygen-alkali semichemical pulps (OSCP) thus obtained were beaten in a PFI mill and made into test sheets. Chips cooked only with Na2CO3 as alkali also could be defiberized, the OSCP of which could be made into test sheets. The strength, brightness, and color of the test sheets were compared with those of test sheets made of neutral sulfite semichemical pulps (NSSCP) and kraft pulp (KP) which were prepared under the conditions shown in Table 2 and 3.OSCP was high in yield and tan or light yellowish brown colored. The breaking length, burst factor, and tear fabtor of OSCP were on similar level to those of NSSCP, however less than those of KP (see Table 4). The tear factor of OSCP and NSSCP were especially weaker than that of KP.The chips were cooked twice with NaOH and O2, replacing the waste liquor of the first cooking with new NaOH solution for the second cooking. The OSCP prepared by this method was especially light in color and showed somewhat higher strength than the other OSCP's.COD, BOD, and color of the waste liquor of OSCP-cooking were studied in comparison with those of the waste liquor of NSSCP- and KP-cookings (see Table 5). The ratio of BOD/COD of the OSCP-waste liquor was much higher than that of the NSSCP- and KP-waste liquors, indicating that the OSCP-waste liquor probably can be treated easily by the micro-biological method. The color of the OSCP-waste liquor was lighter than that of the NSSCP-waste liquor and much lighter than that of the KP-waste liquor.
The Molecular Structure of Hyperthermostable Aromatic Aminotransferase with Novel Substrate Specificity from Pyrococcus horikoshii (2000)

Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (ArATPh), which has a melting temperature of 120 degrees C, is one of the most thermostable aminotransferases yet to be discovered. The crystal structure of this aminotransferase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii was determined to a resolution of 2.1 A. ArATPh has a homodimer structure in which each subunit is composed of two domains, in a manner similar to other well characterized aminotransferases. By the least square fit after superposing on a mesophilic ArAT, the ArATPh molecule exhibits a large deviation of the main chain coordinates, three shortened alpha-helices, an elongated loop connecting two domains, and a long loop transformed from an alpha-helix, which are all factors that are likely to contribute to its hyperthermostability. The pyridine ring of the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate covalently binding to Lys(233) is stacked parallel to F121 on one side and interacts with the geminal dimethyl-CH/pi groups of Val(201) on the other side. This tight stacking against the pyridine ring probably contributes to the hyperthermostability of ArATPh. Compared with other ArATs, ArATPh has a novel substrate specificity, the order of preference being Tyr > Phe > Glu > Trp > His>> Met > Leu > Asp > Asn. Its relatively weak activity against Asp is due to lack of an arginine residue corresponding to Arg(292)* (where the asterisk indicates that this is a residues supplied by the other subunit of the dimer) in pig cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase. The enzyme recognizes the aromatic substrate by hydrophobic interaction with aromatic rings (Phe(121) and Tyr(59)*) and probably recognizes acidic substrates by a hydrophilic interaction involving a hydrogen bond network with Thr(264)*.
Molecular Imaging of Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages in a Preclinical Mouse Model of Breast Cancer (2015)

Significant evidence has indicated that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in the proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of a variety of human carcinomas. In this study, we investigated whether near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging using a macrophage mannose receptor (MMR; CD206)-targeting agent could be used to noninvasively visualize and quantify changes in TAMs in vivo. The CD206-targeting NIRF agent, Dye-anti-CD206, was prepared and characterized in vitro and in vivo. By using NIRF imaging, we were able to noninvasively image tumor-infiltrating macrophages in the 4T1 mouse breast cancer model. Importantly, longitudinal NIRF imaging revealed the depletion of macrophages in response to zoledronic acid (ZA) treatment. However, ZA alone did not lead to the inhibition of 4T1 tumor growth. We therefore combined anti-macrophage ZA therapy and tumor cytotoxic docetaxel (DTX) therapy in the mouse model. The results demonstrated that this combination strategy could significantly inhibit tumor growth as well as tumor metastasis to the lungs. Based on these findings, we concluded that CD206-targeted molecular imaging can sensitively detect the dynamic changes in tumor-infiltrating macrophages, and that the combination of macrophage depletion and cytotoxic therapy is a promising strategy for the effective treatment of solid tumors.
Gene Transfer into the Medfly, <i>Ceratitis capitata</i> , with a <i>Drosophila hydei</i> Transposable Element (1995)

Exogenous functional DNA was introduced into the germline chromosomes of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata with a germline transformation system based on the transposable element Minos from Drosophila hydei. Transformants were identified as phenotypic revertants of a white-eyed mutation carried by the recipient strain. Clusters of transformants were detected among the progeny of 390 individuals screened for germline transformation. Five independent and phenotypically active integration events were identified, in each of which a single copy of the transposon was inserted into a different site of the medfly genome. Molecular analysis indicates that they represent transposase-mediated insertions of the transposon into medfly chromosomes.
Merger mania (1996)

No Limits invited representatives from student unions to write about closer links between nursing students and the larger student unions
Draft Genome Sequence of an Antibiotic-Resistant Propionibacterium acnes Strain, PRP-38, from the Novel Type IC Cluster (2012)

Propionibacterium acnes, a non-spore-forming, anaerobic gram-positive bacterium, is most notably recognized for its association with acne vulgaris (I. Kurokawa et al., Exp. Dermatol. 18:821-832, 2009). We now present the draft genome sequence of an antibiotic-resistant P. acnes strain, PRP-38, isolated from an acne patient in the United Kingdom and belonging to the novel type IC cluster.
Good manufacturing practices for medicinal products for human use (2015)

At international and national levels, there are public and private organizations, institutions and regulatory authorities, who work and cooperate between them and with Pharmaceutical Industry, in order to achieve a consensus of the guidelines and laws of the manufacturing of medicinal products for human use. This article includes an explanation of how operate and cooperate these participants, between them and expose the current regulations, following the line of European Community/European Economic Area, referencing, wherever appropriate, the practiced guidelines, outside of regulatory action of space mentioned. In this way, it is intended to achieve quality, security and effectiveness exceptional levels in the manufacturing of health products. Good Manufacturing Practice aim the promotion of the human health and consequently, to the improvement of quality of life. For achieve the proposed objectives, it is necessary to ensure the applicability of the presented concepts and show the benefits arising from this applicability.
Displacement of Ca<sup>2+</sup> by Na<sup>+</sup> from the Plasmalemma of Root Cells (1985)

A microfluorometric assay using chlorotetracycline (CTC) as a probe for membrane-associated Ca(2+) in intact cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Acala SJ-2) root hairs indicated displacement of Ca(2+) by Na(+) from membrane sites with increasing levels of NaCl (0 to 250 millimolar). K(+)((86)Rb) efflux increased dramatically at high salinity. An increase in external Ca(2+) concentration (10 millimolar) mitigated both responses. Other cations and mannitol, which did not affect Ca(2+)-CTC chelation properties, were found to have no effect on Ca(2+)-CTC fluorescence, indicating a Na(+)-specific effect. Reduction of Ca(2+)-CTC fluorescence by ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid, which does not cross membranes, provided an indication that reduction by Na(+) of Ca(2+)-CTC fluorescence may be occurring primarily at the plasmalemma. The findings support prior proposals that Ca(2+) protects membranes from adverse effects of Na(+) thereby maintaining membrane integrity and minimizing leakage of cytosolic K(+).
Coating diagnostics for thermal mass flowmeters (2010)

Thermal mass flowmeters are based on the measurement of the heat transfer from the sensor into the moving fluid, which is given by King's law. A coating of the sensor element changes the heat transfer from the sensor to the fluid and leads to an error in the flow measurement. We have developed a possible diagnostics algorithm to detect a sensor coating in the μm range. For this the effect of a small time dependent variation of the heating power is analyzed. The measurement approach is confirmed by a comparison of experimental results and FEM simulations of the quasistationary heat conduction. In addition an analytical model was developed, which can be used to determine the coating thickness and correct the flow value if the thermal properties of the coating material are known. As the relevant frequencies are below 1Hz an adaptive online algorithm was developed, which is able to detect the coating without disturbing the flow measurement.
RowClone: Fast and Efficient In-DRAM Copy and Initialization of Bulk Data (2018)

Many programs initialize or copy large amounts of memory data. Initialization and copying are forms of memory operations that do not require computation in order to derive their data-values – they either deal with known data-values (e.g., initialize to zero) or simply move data-values that already exist elsewhere in memory (e.g., copy). Therefore, initialization/copying can potentially be performed entirely within the main memory subsystem without involving the processor or the DMA engines. Unfortunately, existing main memory subsystems are unable to take advantage of this fact. Instead, they unnecessarily transfer large amounts of data between main memory and the processor (or the DMA engine) – thereby consuming large amounts of latency, bandwidth, and energy. In this paper, we make the key observation that DRAM chips – the predominant substrate for main memory – already have the capability to transfer large amounts of data within themselves. Internally, a DRAM chip consists of rows of bits and a row-buffer. To access data from any portion of a particular row, the DRAM chip transfers the entire row (e.g., 4 Kbits) into the equally-sized rowbuffer, and vice versa. While this internal data-transfer between a row and the row-buffer occurs in bulk (i.e., all 4 Kbits at once), an external data-transfer (to/from the processor) is severely serialized due to the very narrow width of the DRAM chip’s data-pins (e.g., 8 bits). Our key idea is to utilize and extend the row-granularity data-transfer in order to quickly initialize or move data one row at a time within a DRAM chip. We call this new mechanism RowClone. By making several relatively unintrusive changes to DRAM chip design (0.026% die-size increase), we accelerate a one-page (4 KByte) copying operation by 11.5x, and a one-page zeroing operation by 5.8x, while also conserving memory bandwidth. In addition, we achieve large energy reductions – 41.5x/74.4x energy reductions for one-page zeroing/copying, respectively. We show that RowClone improves performance on an 8-core system by 27% averaged across 64 copy/initialization-intensive workloads.