gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Medium for Griseofulvin Production: Part I. Screening of Medium Constituents Using the Plackett-Burman Experimental Design (2002)

The Plackett-Burman experimental design was employed to evaluate the relative importance of medium constituents of each medium for enhanced griseofulvin production by Penicillium griseofulvum MTCC 1898 and Penicillium griseofulvum MTCC 2004. It was found that the medium constituents, sucrose, K2HPO4, NaNO3, and FeSO4·7H2O, significantly influenced the griseofulvin production by Penicillium griseofulvum MTCC 1898. In the case of Penicillium griseofulvum MTCC 2004, lactose, glucose, and MnSO4·H2O significantly influenced the griseofulvin production.
Rheological effects in roll coating of paints (2002)

the aim of this work is the study of the problems that arise during roll coating application of paints on steel sheets. We put in evidence the par- ticular effects due to the non-Newtonian properties of these fluids. At speeds above a certain critical value, the flow of paint through the applicator suf- fers a hydrodynamical instability called ribbing, which generates a patterned interface on the film applied. Threshold of instability as well as waveform of the pattern is function of rheological properties of paints as well as surface tension. Thixotropy of paints as well as shear-thinning behaviour has been determined for several industrial paints used in the steel industry, and correlated with levelling per- formance after application.
Determination of Campesterol, Stigmasterol, and beta-Sitosterol in Saw Palmetto RawMaterials and Dietary Supplements by Gas Chromatography: Single-Laboratory Validation (2006)

In conjunction with an AOAC Presidential Task Force on Dietary Supplements, a method was validated for measurement of 3 plant sterols (phytosterols) in saw palmetto raw materials, extracts, and dietary supplements. AOAC Official Method 994.10, "Cholesterol in Foods," was modified for purposes of this validation. Test samples were saponified at high temperature with ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution. The unsaponifiable fraction containing phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, and beta-sitosterol) was extracted with toluene. Phytosterols were derivatized to trimethylsilyl ethers and then quantified by gas chromatography with a hydrogen flame ionization detector. The presence of the phytosterols was detected at concentrations greater than or equal to 1.00 mg/100 g based on 2-3 g of sample. The standard curve range for this assay was 0.00250 to 0.200 mg/mL. The calibration curves for all phytosterols had correlation coefficients greater than or equal to 0.995. Precision studies produced relative standard deviation values of 1.52 to 7.27% for campesterol, 1.62 to 6.48% for stigmasterol, and 1.39 to 10.5% for beta-sitosterol. Recoveries for samples fortified at 100% of the inherent values averaged 98.5 to 105% for campesterol, 95.0 to 108% for stigmasterol, and 85.0 to 103% for beta-sitosterol.
Comparison of the Signaling Abilities of the Cytoplasmic Domains of the Insulin Receptor and the Insulin Receptor-Related Receptor in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes<sup>1</sup> (1998)

In the present work a chimeric receptor containing the intracellular domain of the insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR) and the extracellular domain of the colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor was expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and compared with the parallel chimeric receptor containing the cytoplasmic domain of the insulin receptor (IR). Both chimeric receptors exhibited CSF-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity when assayed in vitro after in vivo activation comparable to that of the endogenous IR present in these cells. No cross-activation of the expressed chimeric and endogenous receptors was observed. The cytoplasmic domain of the IRR was found to 1) mediate activation of the Ser/Thr kinase Akt/PKB, 2) stimulate glucose uptake, 3) inhibit lipolysis, and 4) stimulate glycogen synthase, all with a potency comparable to those of the expressed CSF-1R/IR chimera and the endogenous insulin receptors. These results indicate that despite the extensive differences in sequence between the cytoplasmic domains of the IRR and IR, the elements required for insulin-specific responses have been conserved in this distinct member of the insulin receptor family.
Synthesis of concurrent system interface modules with automatic protocol conversion generation (1994)

We describe a new high-level compiler called Integral for designing system interface modules. The input is a high-level concurrent algorithmic specification that can model complex concurrent control flow, logical and arithmetic computations, abstract communication, and low-level behavior. For abstract communication between two communicating modules that obey different I/O protocols, the necessary protocol conversion behaviors are automatically synthesized using a Petri net theoretic approach. We present a synthesis trajectory that can synthesize the necessary hardware resources, control circuitry, and protocol conversion behaviors for implementing system interface modules.
Negative Poisson’s Ratio Polyester Fibers (2006)

Auxetic materials are referred to as those having negative Poisson’s ratio (ν). Initial work at Bolton successfully fabricated auxetic polypropylene fiber using a novel thermal melt-spinning technique. This paper reports in detail both the methods and principles involved in screening polyester powder and also the manufacturing method for successful production of auxetic polyester fibers. Videoextensometry along with micro-tensile testing were used to measure the Poisson’s ratio of the fiber. The Poisson’s ratio of the polyester fiber was found to vary between -0.65 and -0.75.
A wake-up switch using a piezoelectric differential pressure sensor (2013)

This paper reports a wake-up switch using a piezoelectric differential pressure sensor in order to reduce the power consumption of a wireless sensor node. Air pressure change surrounding the sensor is detected by using a Pb(Zr, Ti)O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (PZT) thin film cantilever with the dimension of 1500 μm × 1000 μm × 2 μm. The sensor has high sensitivity with low power consumption due to its thin cantilever and low capacitance. The sensitivity was 2.4 mV/Pa from -30 Pa to 30 Pa. It was demonstrated that the fabricated sensor performed as a wake-up switch when pressure varies in 10 Pa with low power consumption.
Expression and prognostic significance of different mRNA 5′‐end variants of the oncogene <i>EVI1</i> in 266 patients with de novo AML: <i>EVI1</i> and <i>MDS1/EVI1</i> overexpression both predict short remission duration (2008)

Rearrangements of chromosome band 3q26.2 lead to overexpression of the EVI1 gene and are associated with a poor prognosis in myeloid malignancies. EVI1 is also overexpressed in some cases without 3q26 rearrangements. To uncover its prognostic significance in this patient group, however, it may be necessary to distinguish among several known 5'-end variants of its mRNA. According to a recent report, overexpression of the transcript variant EVI1_1d was associated with shortened survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but overexpression of MDS1/EVI1, whose protein product differs structurally and functionally from that of all other known EVI1 5'-end variants, was not. The aim of the present study was to determine, for the first time, the expression and prognostic significance of all known EVI1 5'-end variants in AML. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of EVI1_1a, EVI1_1b, EVI1_1d, EVI1_3L, and MDS1/EVI1 in 266 samples from patients with de novo AML. To correlate expression of the EVI1 5'-end variants with survival parameters, regression analyses were performed. 41/266 patients (15.4%) overexpressed at least one, but more often several or all, EVI1 transcript type(s). High expression of each of the EVI1 mRNA variants, including MDS1/EVI1, was significantly associated with shortened continuous complete remission in the total patient population as well as in the subgroups of patients with intermediate risk or normal cytogenetics. The present study therefore shows that high levels of each of the known EVI1 mRNA 5'-end variants represents an adverse prognostic factor in de novo AML without 3q26 rearrangements. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045-2257/suppmat.
Rifaximin modulates the colonic microbiota of patients with Crohn's disease: an in vitro approach using a continuous culture colonic model system (2010)

We demonstrated that rifaximin, while not altering the overall structure of the human colonic microbiota, increased bifidobacteria and led to variation of metabolic profiles associated with potential beneficial effects on the host.
Simulation of coronary circulation with special regard to the venous bed and coronary sinus occlusion (1990)

The vascular beds of the left circumflex and the left anterior descending coronary arteries are modelled by means of coupled differential equations that consider an arterial, a capillary and a venous section. In a stepwise procedure, experimental data from normal coronary perfusion and coronary sinus occlusion are used to assess the model parameters. For venous distensibility, a non-linear form of pressure-volume relationship proved vital to reproduce the characteristics of the rise in venous pressure after the onset of coronary sinus occlusion. Numerical integration was carried out for normal perfusion and for coronary sinus occlusion, yielding time courses of flows, volumes and pressures within large coronary arteries, capillaries and coronary veins. Coronary sinus occlusion reduces total mean flow by 18% and divides intramyocardial flow between the capillaries and the veins into a forward component of 3.03 mls-1 and a backward component of -1.54 mls-1. This result represents a prediction for a haemodynamic quantity which is therapeutically important but inaccessible to measurement. Varying degrees of systolic myocardial squeezing are studied to display the impact of myocardial contractility and vessel collapse on the mean values and phasic components of intra-myocardial flows.
<title>Laser optoacoustic imaging for breast cancer diagnostics: limit of detection and comparison with x-ray and ultrasound imaging</title> (1997)

Laser optoacoustic imaging is a promising diagnostic technique for early breast cancer detection. Capability of laser optoacoustic imaging for visualization of small spherical tumor phantoms located within the bulk collagen gels was studied. The experiments were performed with breast phantoms made of optically turbid collagen gel. Optical properties of the phantom resembled the optical properties of human breast at the wavelength of irradiation, 1064 nm ((mu) <SUB>a</SUB> equals 0.11 1/cm, (mu) <SUB>s</SUB>' equals 2.92 1/cm). Gel spheres with a higher absorption coefficient, (mu) <SUB>v</SUB> equals 0.75 1/cm were used to simulate tumors. The experiments demonstrated the capability of laser optoacoustic imaging to detect and localize 2-mm 'tumors' at a depth of up to 60 mm within 100-mm thick breast phantoms. Laser optoacoustic images of the phantom tumors were reconstructed from experimentally measured pressure profiles. The optoacoustic images were compared with images obtained with x-ray mammography and ultrasonography. Comparative study revealed experimental conditions and phantom structure for which the laser optoacoustic imaging outperformed both the x-ray mammography and the ultrasonography. The results suggest that the laser optoacoustic imaging may occupy an important niche in breast cancer diagnostics, particularly, for diagnosis of small tumors in radiologically dense and acoustically homogeneous breast tissues.
A novel finite-element approach to device modeling (1983)

A finite-element device-simulation program is presented. An adaptive grid-refinement procedure is used to minimize the number of nodes. Two different kinds of elements are generated (triangles and rectangles) thus enabling the use of an irregular mesh. Different shape functions have been developed for the three variables; they are linear/ bilinear for the electric potential and linear/bilinear in Bernoulli-like functions for the quasi-Fermi potentials. Numerical examples are presented.
Super-resolution of images based on local correlations (1999)

An adaptive two-step paradigm for the superresolution of optical images is developed in this paper. The procedure locally projects image samples onto a family of kernels that are learned from image data. First, an unsupervised feature extraction is performed on local neighborhood information from a training image. These features are then used to cluster the neighborhoods into disjoint sets for which an optimal mapping relating homologous neighborhoods across scales can be learned in a supervised manner. A super-resolved image is obtained through the convolution of a low-resolution test image with the established family of kernels. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
<i>myo</i>‐Inositol metabolites as cellular signals (1990)

The discovery of the second-messenger functions of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, the products of hormone-stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, marked a turning point in studies of hormone function. This review focuses on the myo-inositol moiety which is involved in an increasingly complex network of metabolic interconversions, myo-Inositol metabolites identified in eukaryotic cells include at least six glycerophospholipid isomers and some 25 distinct inositol phosphates which differ in the number and distribution of phosphate groups around the inositol ring. This apparent complexity can be simplified by assigning groups of myo-inositol metabolites to distinct functional compartments. For example, the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase pathway functions to generate inositol phospholipids that are substrates for hormone-sensitive forms of inositol-phospholipid phospholipase C, whilst the newly discovered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway generates lipids that are resistant to such enzymes and may function directly as novel mitogenic signals. Inositol phosphate metabolism functions to terminate the second-messenger activity of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, to recycle the latter's myo-inositol moiety and, perhaps, to generate additional signal molecules such as inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, inositol pentakisphosphate and inositol hexakisphosphate. In addition to providing a more complete picture of the pathways of myo-inositol metabolism, recent studies have made rapid progress in understanding the molecular basis underlying hormonal stimulation of inositol-phospholipid-specific phospholipase C and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated Ca2+ mobilisation.
PicSOM-self-organizing image retrieval with MPEG-7 content descriptors (2002)

Development of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) techniques has suffered from the lack of standardized ways for describing visual image content. Luckily, the MPEG-7 international standard is now emerging as both a general framework for content description and a collection of specific agreed-upon content descriptors. We have developed a neural, self-organizing technique for CBIR. Our system is named PicSOM and it is based on pictorial examples and relevance feedback (RF). The name stems from "picture" and the self-organizing map (SOM). The PicSOM system is implemented by using tree structured SOMs. In this paper, we apply the visual content descriptors provided by MPEG-7 in the PicSOM system and compare our own image indexing technique with a reference system based on vector quantization (VQ). The results of our experiments show that the MPEG-7-defined content descriptors can be used as such in the PicSOM system even though Euclidean distance calculation, inherently used in the PicSOM system, is not optimal for all of them. Also, the results indicate that the PicSOM technique is a bit slower than the reference system in starting to find relevant images. However, when the strong RF mechanism of PicSOM begins to function, its retrieval precision exceeds that of the reference system.
Synthesis of Resistive Digital-to-Analog Conversion Ladders for Arbitrary Codes with Fixed Positive Weights (1967)

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the realizability of resistive digital-to-analog conversion ladders for arbitrary codes with fixed positive weights. Realizability and synthesis are shown to hinge on the choice of the input admittance. Simple equations are given for purposes of design and several examples are worked out.
A phase and frequency alignment protocol for <sup>1</sup>H MRSI data of the prostate (2011)

(1)H MRSI of the prostate reveals relative metabolite levels that vary according to the presence or absence of tumour, providing a sensitive method for the identification of patients with cancer. Current interpretations of prostate data rely on quantification algorithms that fit model metabolite resonances to individual voxel spectra and calculate relative levels of metabolites, such as choline, creatine, citrate and polyamines. Statistical pattern recognition techniques can potentially improve the detection of prostate cancer, but these analyses are hampered by artefacts and sources of noise in the data, such as variations in phase and frequency of resonances. Phase and frequency variations may arise as a result of spatial field gradients or local physiological conditions affecting the frequency of resonances, in particular those of citrate. Thus, there are unique challenges in developing a peak alignment algorithm for these data. We have developed a frequency and phase correction algorithm for automatic alignment of the resonances in prostate MRSI spectra. We demonstrate, with a simulated dataset, that alignment can be achieved to a phase standard deviation of 0.095 rad and a frequency standard deviation of 0.68 Hz for the citrate resonances. Three parameters were used to assess the improvement in peak alignment in the MRSI data of five patients: the percentage of variance in all MRSI spectra explained by their first principal component; the signal-to-noise ratio of a spectrum formed by taking the median value of the entire set at each spectral point; and the mean cross-correlation between all pairs of spectra. These parameters showed a greater similarity between spectra in all five datasets and the simulated data, demonstrating improved alignment for phase and frequency in these spectra. This peak alignment program is expected to improve pattern recognition significantly, enabling accurate detection and localisation of prostate cancer with MRSI.
Efficacy of live‐attenuated and whole‐inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines against vaginal challenge with virulent SIV (1992)

The ability of two vaccine preparations (UV-psoralen inactivated SIV administered intramuscularly and live-attenuated SIV inoculated intravaginally) to prevent genital transmission of virulent SIV in rhesus macaques was tested. Two of six whole-inactivated SIV vaccinated macaques, three of five live-attenuated SIV vaccinated macaques, and four of six controls became persistently infected after two separate intravaginal inoculations with a 50% animal infectious dose of virulent SIV. No association was observed between levels of SIV-specific antibodies in serum or vaginal secretions prior to challenge and subsequent infection with virulent SIV.
Synthesis of densely grafted comblike copolymers (2007)

Abstract Densely grafted copolymers were synthesized using the “grafting from” approach via the combination of reversible addition‐fragment chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). First, a novel functional monomer, 2,3‐di(2‐bromoisobutyryloxy)ethyl acrylate (DBPPA), with two initiating groups for ATRP was synthesized. It was then polymerized via RAFT polymerization to give macroinitiators for ATRP with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Last, ATRP of styrene was carried out using poly(DBPPA)s as macroinitiators to prepare comblike poly(DBPPA)‐ graft ‐polystyrenes carrying double branches in each repeating unit of backbone via “grafting from” approach. Furthermore, poly(DBPPA)‐ graft ‐[polystyrene‐ block ‐poly( t ‐BA)]s and their hydrolyzed products poly(DBPPA)‐ graft ‐[polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(acrylic acid)]s were also successfully prepared. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 362–372, 2008
The interplay of cholinergic function, attention, and falls in Parkinson's disease (2011)

Dopamine loss in the substantia nigra causes several of the motor signs seen in Parkinson's disease, but there is now increasing evidence highlighting the importance of cholinergic loss in the pathophysiology of nonmotor symptoms. The nucleus basalis of Meynert supplies the majority of the cholinergic input to the cerebral cortex, with the pedunculopontine nucleus providing many subcortical structures with acetylcholine. Both these structures undergo degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), with more severe loss associated with cognitive impairment. The risk of dementia in PD is greater than that in control subjects, with impairments in attention, visuospatial function, and executive control dominating. Imaging studies have demonstrated degeneration of the cholinergic system in PD, Parkinson's disease dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies, with improvements in attention seen following the introduction of cholinesterase inhibitors. Conversely, anticholinergic drugs are associated with cognitive decline, with neuropathology studies indicating the presence of increased neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaque formation. In addition, these drugs are also known to precipitate visual hallucinations, lending support to a cholinergic basis for visual hallucinations in PD. Gait, falls, and cognition may also be related, as evidenced by the findings that fallers perform less well on test of attention than nonfallers and that greater postural instability is associated with worse scores on attention and executive function. It is therefore feasible that cognition (namely, attention), visual hallucinations, falls, and gait are subserved by acetylcholine, and this is further explored in this clinically orientated review.
The political artist Htein Lin (2016)

The article discusses comments by artist Htein Lin and also presents photographs of equipments used by him to make sculptors.
Improved two‐dimensional <i>J</i>‐resolved spectroscopy (2006)

Localised two-dimensional J-resolved spectroscopy (JPRESS) is optimised for the in vivo detection of J-coupled metabolites using magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T. The acquisition of echo signals starts as early as possible (i.e. maximum-echo sampling). This sampling scheme increases sensitivity and decreases overlap of peak tails, hence alleviating baseline problems. Reconstruction issues are discussed and the sensitivity is compared analytically with that of 1D PRESS. The qualitative behaviour of eddy currents in JPRESS is outlined and a 2D eddy current correction procedure based on the 1D phase deconvolution method is proposed.