gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flutter Suppression Using Micro-Trailing Edge Effectors (2003)

Recent developments in actuator technology have resulted in small, simple flow control devices capable of affecting the flow field over flight vehicles sufficiently to generate control forces. One of the devices which has been under investigation is the Micro-Trailing Edge Effector (MiTE), which consists of a small, 1-5% chord, vertically sliding flap mounted at the trailing edge. The high bandwidth and good control authority with little required power makes the device an ideal candidate for active control of flutter in high aspect ratio wings. Unfortunately traditional control techniques do not address the non-linear nature of the device or the competing performance goals arising from large numbers of distributed devices. Novel approaches to control design, such as reinforcement learning, are therefore required. To demonstrate the aeroelastic control capability of the MiTEs and to explore reinforcement learning techniques, an experimental model has been designed, fabricated, and tested. This paper details the experimental model and the accompanying analytical model. Design, manufacturing and open loop testing of the experimental model and comparisons with the analytical predictions are presented. This paper also covers the controller design for flutter suppression using reinforcement learning policy search techniques. The results of closed loop testing, resulting in successful flutter suppression with the MiTEs, is presented.
TCA cycle flux estimates from NMR- and GC-MS-determined [13C]glutamate isotopomers in liver (1997)

Infusion of 13C-labeled lactate into rabbits and the subsequent measurement of glutamate isotopomers by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy enables one to calculate relative flow rates associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, albeit with a lower precision than one would obtain using a perfused organ. Two factors contribute to the lower precision in the determination of relative flow rates for the in vivo system: 1) a poorly defined pyruvate input and 2) low levels of 13C-enriched oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA isotopomers, which give rise to weaker glutamate isotopomer NMR signals. To help overcome these limitations, we introduce a procedure to 1) include experimental data from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 2) account for the uncertainty in the labeling of the input to pyruvate by creating the labeling as a measurement that is subject to measurement error. The effects of the uncertainties in the input labeling, NMR data, and MS data are evaluated via a Monte Carlo method. The change in the precision of the relative fluxes for the cases of high/low NMR and high/low MS precision is given. An uncertainty in the lactate measurements of up to 10% does not add significantly to the imprecision of the relative flow rates.
Thyroid hormone can increase estrogen-mediated transcription from a consensus estrogen response element in neuroblastoma cells (2005)

Thyroid hormones (T) and estrogens (E) are nuclear receptor ligands with at least two molecular mechanisms of action: (i) relatively slow genomic effects, such as the regulation of transcription by cognate T receptors (TR) and E receptors (ER); and (ii) relatively rapid nongenomic effects, such as kinase activation and calcium release initiated at the membrane by putative membrane receptors. Genomic and nongenomic effects were thought to be disparate and independent. However, in a previous study using a two-pulse paradigm in neuroblastoma cells, we showed that E acting at the membrane could potentiate transcription from an E-driven reporter gene in the nucleus. Because both T and E can have important effects on mood and cognition, it is possible that the two hormones can act synergistically. In this study, we demonstrate that early actions of T via TRalpha1 and TRbeta1 can potentiate E-mediated transcription (genomic effects) from a consensus E response element (ERE)-driven reporter gene in transiently transfected neuroblastoma cells. Such potentiation was reduced by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Using phosphomutants of ERalpha, we also show that probable mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation sites on the ERalpha, the serines at position 167 and 118, are important in TRbeta1-mediated potentiation of ERalpha-induced transactivation. We suggest that crosstalk between T and E includes potential interactions through both nuclear and membrane-initiated molecular mechanisms of hormone signaling.
Synthetic Study of Cyanamide-dithiocarbonic Acid Ester and Related Compounds (Part 1) (1971)

Dialkylester of cyanamide-dithiocarbonic acid (1) is easily prepared by reaction of cyanamide, carbondisulfide and alkylating agents in the presenc of alkali. (1) is extremely active toward nucleophilic reagents, since it has reactive thioimidoester and aminonitrile-group. In order to develope a new synthetic route for preparing high-nitrogen compounds, the reactivity of (1) and the reaction between (1) and amino compounds derived from cyanamide was investigatedThe chemical behavior of (1) in alkaline media was examined ; in an alcoholic solution it was converted to dicyano-O-alkyl-isourea salt and cyanamide-carbonic acid ester salt, and in an aqueous solution, cyanamide-thiocarbonic ester salt.(1) reacted with guanidine in an alcoholic solution to give diamino-alkoxy-s-triazine through ester exchanging reaction, whereas in an acetonic solution, N-cyano-N′-guanyl-S-alkyl-isothiourea was formed together with a small amount of diaminomercapto-s-triazine. (1) also reacted with cyanamide and with dicyandiamide to give dicyano-S-alkyl-isothiourea salt and dicyano-melamine salt, respectively.The above substitution reaction was also carried out with success using other cyanamide-carbonic esters.
Carbon nanostructures as multi-functional drug delivery platforms (2012)

Nanotechnology is providing exciting and new opportunities which are likely to revolutionize future clinical practice. The use of nanoparticles for biomedical applications is particularly exciting due to their huge potential for multi-modal approaches. This includes their use as drug delivery vectors, imaging contrast agents, hyperthermia systems and molecular targeting. Their ability to cross biological barriers, for example the blood brain barrier, makes them attractive for potential treatments in neurological disorders. There is also great hope that nanostructures will serve as platforms in future cancer therapies. Current cancer fighting strategies consist primarily of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Each of these treatments is bound by a limit, known as the therapeutic window, which, if exceeded, causes undue harm to the patient. In the ongoing quest to improve our therapeutic arsenal, nanoparticles are emerging as exciting structures for a new generation of multi-modal therapeutics. Within this context, carbon nanostructures are amongst the leading contenders as building blocks to deliver multi-function drug delivery platforms. This review examines the various properties of carbon nanostructures that allow such multi-functionality. Recent advances on the development of novel approaches for functionalization, targeting and imaging via carbon nanostructures are discussed.
Adaptive 3D Face Reconstruction from Unconstrained Photo Collections (2016)

Given a collection of "in-the-wild" face images captured under a variety of unknown pose, expression, and illumination conditions, this paper presents a method for reconstructing a 3D face surface model of an individual along with albedo information. Motivated by the success of recent face reconstruction techniques on large photo collections, we extend prior work to adapt to low quality photo collections with fewer images. We achieve this by fitting a 3D Morphable Model to form a personalized template and developing a novel photometric stereo formulation, under a coarse-to-fine scheme. Superior experimental results are reported on synthetic and real-world photo collections.
Oxidation of Primary Aliphatic and Aromatic Aldehydes with Difluoro(aryl)-λ<sup>3</sup>-bromane (2011)

Oxidation of primary aliphatic aldehydes with p-trifluoromethylphenyl(difluoro)-λ3-bromane in dichloromethane at 0 °C afforded acid fluorides selectively in good yields, while that of aromatic aldehydes in chloroform at room temperature produced aryl difluoromethyl ethers. A larger migratory aptitude of aryl groups compared to primary alkyl groups during a 1,2-shift from carbon to an electron-deficient oxygen atom in bromane(III) Criegee-type intermediates will result in these differences in the reaction courses.
Sequential expression of putative stem cell markers in gastric carcinogenesis (2011)

CD44 and Musashi-1 are frequently expressed in both premalignant gastric lesions and invasive GC, whereas CD133 expression is restricted mainly to neoplastic tissues.
로컬푸드 특화소매점의 소비자 집객요인에 관한 탐색적 분석 (2018)

In this study, an empirical study was conducted based on the exploratory analysis on the consumer visit & preference factors of local food...
Efficient ray-casting of quadric surfaces for forward-scan sonars (2016)

A method is presented to effectively scan the 3-D surface(s) of a target comprising of quadric components for simulating the 2-D image acquired by a forward-scan sonar for a given pose. This involves a closed-form solution to compute the coordinates of a point on the target surface(s), projecting onto a given image pixel. A certain advantage over previous algorithms is we generate a minimal set of 3-D surface points for a given sonar viewpoint; therefore, it allows space and time efficiency for image synthesis.
Inverse functions in the AquaLogic Data Services Platform (2007)

When integrating data from heterogeneous sources, it is often necessary to transform both the schemas and the data from the underlying sources in order to present the integrated data in the form desired by its consuming applications. Unfortunately, these transformations---particularly if implemented by custom code---can block query optimization and updates, leading to potentially severe performance and functionality limitations. To circumvent these problems, the BEA AquaLogic Data Services Platform provides support for user-defined inverse functions. This paper describes the motivation, design, user experience, and implementation associated with inverse functions in ALDSP. This functionality debuted in version 2.1 of ALDSP in March 2006.
A novel low-temperature X-ray goniometer with closed-cycle cooling to about 18 K (1980)

A unique low-temperature, full-circle goniometer for single-crystal X-ray diffraction has been constructed with the novel adaptation of a closed-cycle refrigerator in such a manner that the cold finger remains stationary during the ϕ and χ rotations. This has been made possible through the development of a flexible heat-transfer link between the top of the ϕ shaft and the cold station. The new design concept incorporates several important features: (1) the vacuum shroud and radiation shields also remain stationary so as to reduce the X-ray windows to narrow slots; (2) the sample crystal is enclosed in a black, nearly isothermal cavity (Hohlraum); and (3) the ϕ shaft is mechanically decoupled from the thermal contraction of the cold finger and other parts. The new system has considerable advantages over presently existing low-temperature adaptations for X-ray diffraction: (1) the goniometer operates between 300 and 18 K without expenditure of liquid cryogen and with minimal attendance; (2) the system is capable of operating for long periods of time with minimal risk of interruption of the cooling cycle; (3) absorption of X-rays by the windows is minimal and independent of the Bragg angle; and (4) data collection at any temperature down to its present lowest limit of 18 K is virtually as easy as with any conventional room-temperature diffractometer. At the time of writing the instrument has been in use for over 10000 h and has measured over 100000 X-ray reflections from single crystals.
Biodegradation of flax fiber reinforced poly lactic acid (2010)

Woven and nonwoven flax fiber reinforced poly lactic acid (PLA) biocomposites were prepared with amphiphilic additives as accelerator for biodegradation. The prepared composites were buried in farmland soil for biodegradability studies. Loss in weight of the biodegraded composite samples was determined at different time intervals. The surface morphology of the biodegraded composites was studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicated that in presence of mandelic acid, the composites showed accelerated biodegradation with 20-25% loss in weight after 50-60 days. On the other hand, in presence of dicumyl peroxide (as additive), biodegradation of the composites was relatively slow as confirmed by only 5-10% loss in weight even after 80-90 days. This was further confirmed by surface morphology of the biodegraded composites. We have attempted to show that depending on the end uses, we can add different amphiphilic additives for delayed or accelerated biodegradability. This work gives us the idea of biodegradation of materials from natural fiber reinforced PLA composites when discarded carelessly in the environment instead of proper waste disposal site.
Stabilizing Wellbores in Unconsolidated, Clay-Laden Formations (2004)

Abstract This paper presents results of laboratory and field testing performed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying a one-component, low-viscosity consolidation material to stabilize or strengthen the unconsolidated formation sand surrounding a wellbore and overcome the effects of cyclic loading, while minimizing any reduction of its original permeability. Treatment fluid volumes, overflush fluid, and the chemical composition of the consolidation material were found to directly impact the consolidation performance and the retained permeability of the treated formation sand. The treatment renders formation fines immobile so that migration and plugging do not occur. This study has determined that application of a consolidation material containing a specific solvent chemistry for clay-laden sands has resulted in excellent strengths even at high clay contents. This new finding indicates that the new approach allows the consolidation material to be drawn onto the mineral surfaces, resulting in very minimal loss in effective porosity. Scanning electron micrographs of the consolidated core material clearly reveal the entrapment of fines as the consolidation material formed a thin film on the mineral surfaces, resulting in very little damage to the porosity and permeability of the formation. Results of field testing indicate that the consolidation treatment effectively stops the production of formation sand and fines while maintaining the production of the wells at desirable flow rates. The technique provides a very attractive alternative to conventional sand control completions in lower quality reservoirs as well as an effective thru-tubing completion alternative.
Physical development (2018)

With Ofsted's recent announcement that its inspectors would put a greater emphasis on movement, exercise and control activities, how can childminders get children moving?
Incidence of Type 2 diabetes in the elderly German population and the effect of clinical and lifestyle risk factors: KORA S4/F4 cohort study (2009)

For the first time, we have estimated the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in an elderly German cohort and demonstrated that it is among the highest in Europe. The OGTT appears to be useful in identifying individuals with high Type 2 diabetes risk. Our results support a role of smoking in the progression to diabetes.
Microarray BASICA: Background Adjustment, Segmentation, Image Compression and Analysis of Microarray Images (2004)

This paper presents microarray BASICA: an integrated image processing tool for background adjustment, segmentation, image compression, and analysis of cDNA microarray images. BASICA uses a fast Mann-Whitney test-based algorithm to segment cDNA microarray images, and performs postprocessing to eliminate the segmentation irregularities. The segmentation results, along with the foreground and background intensities obtained with the background adjustment, are then used for independent compression of the foreground and background. We introduce a new distortion measurement for cDNA microarray image compression and devise a coding scheme by modifying the embedded block coding with optimized truncation (EBCOT) algorithm (Taubman, 2000) to achieve optimal rate-distortion performance in lossy coding while still maintaining outstanding lossless compression performance. Experimental results show that the bit rate required to ensure sufficiently accurate gene expression measurement varies and depends on the quality of cDNA microarray images. For homogeneously hybridized cDNA microarray images, BASICA is able to provide from a bit rate as low as 5 bpp the gene expression data that are % in agreement with those of the original 32 bpp images.
Nanodispersed cobalt particles in a thermolysed poly(acrylonitrile) matrix (1995)

The formation of nanodispersed (D ≈ 10nm)β-Co particles in a polymeric matrix is demonstrated, by thermolysing films of poly(acrylonitrile) containing homogeneously distributed [Co(dimethylformamide)62+][Co(CO)4–]2. Superparamagnetic behaviour is evident in these particles as determined by ferromagnetic resonance. Small-angle X-ray scattering is used to quantify the average particle size. The size of the Co particles can be controlled either by varying the thermolysis conditions or the loading of Co in the films prior to thermolysis.
NFV Security Survey: From Use Case Driven Threat Analysis to State-of-the-Art Countermeasures (2018)

Network functions virtualization (NFV), along with software-defined networking (SDN), drives a new change in networking infrastructure with respect to designing, deploying, and managing various network services. In particular, NFV has potential to significantly reduce the hardware cost, greatly improve operational efficiency, and dramatically shorten the development lifecycle of network service. It also makes network functions and services much more adaptive and scalable. Despite the promising advantages of NFV, security remains to be one of the vital concerns and potential hurdle, as attack surface becomes unclear and defense line turns to be blurred in the virtualization environment. This survey is therefore devoted to analyzing NFV from a security perspective. We first analyze security threats of five well-defined NFV use cases, with an objective to establishing a comprehensive layer-specific threat taxonomy. Second, we conduct in-depth comparative studies on several security mechanisms that are applied in traditional scenarios and in NFV environments. The purpose is to analyze their implicit relationships with NFV performance objectives in terms of feasibility, agility, effectiveness, and so on. Third, based on the established threat taxonomy and the analyzed security mechanisms, we provide a set of recommendations on securing NFV based services, along with the analysis on the state-of-the-art security countermeasures. A resulting holistic security framework is intended to lay a foundation for NFV service providers to deploy adaptive, scalable, and cost-effective security hardening based on their particular needs. Some future research directions are finally discussed.
Identification of two factors required for transcription of the ovalbumin gene. (1986)

Two transcription factors, COUP and S300-II, were isolated and partially purified from HeLa cell nuclear extracts. Both factors are required for the efficient transcription in vitro of the ovalbumin gene but not the simian virus 40 early genes. COUP factor binds to the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter (COUP) sequence which lies between -70 to -90 base pairs upstream from the cap site. A series of competition experiments with a band-shifting assay was carried out to determine the relative affinity of COUP box transcription factor for various promoters. We found that a promoter DNA fragment isolated from the ovalbumin gene competes better than those isolated from the ovomucoid, Y, and alpha-genes. In contrast, the the simian virus 40 early genes, the beta-globin gene, and the adenosine deaminase gene promoters do not compete well in this assay. The molecular weight of the COUP factor was estimated by S-300 column chromatography, glycerol gradient centrifugation to be 90,000. However, two bands were observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of cross-linked COUP factor to a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide containing the COUP sequence. The protein moieties of the major and minor bands were estimated to be 85,000 to 90,000 and 40,000 to 45,000, respectively. The S300-II factor with an apparent molecular weight of 45,000 in an S-300 column is required for function in an in vitro reconstituted transcription system. In contrast to the COUP factor, the S300-II factor does not have apparent specificity for binding to the ovalbumin gene promoter. The S300-II factor may function by interacting with RNA polymerase or other DNA-binding transcription factors.
Improved Compaction by Minimized Length of Wires (1983)

The compaction of IC or hybrid layouts by means of the method yields a slack in the placement of part of the elements, which, in its turn, can be used to reduce the overall wire-length. The result is an improved electrical performance and a smaller layout. The optimization problem was transformed to a graph-theoretical problem in a way similar to the compaction problem itself. Our procedure starts by adding pieces of information out of the connectivity of the layout to the constraint graph. The succeeding heuristic algorithms generate a new tree of longest paths, taking the linear inequalities and the result of the longest path calculation into consideration. A few examples demonstrate the significant reduction of wire-length and sometimes even an additional reduction of layout area achieved with low computational effort.
Production of recombinant rat interleukin-6 in Escherichia coli using a novel highly efficient expression vector pGEX-3T. (1992)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the most important mediators of the acute phase reaction in liver. For the production of recombinant rat IL-6 in Escherichia coli, a previously isolated cDNA coding for the rat IL-6 was cloned into the modified novel expression vector pGEX-3T. The IL-6 cDNA was highly expressed as a fusion protein with the glutathione S-transferase (GST) at its C-terminus and rat IL-6 at its N-terminus. The GST-IL-6 fusion protein was controlled by a tac-promoter and could be induced very efficiently by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. The synthesized GST-IL-6 fusion protein was insoluble and precipitated intracellularly in E. coli. Using an advanced technique, the insoluble protein was solubilized and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography using immobilized glutathione in a one-step procedure.