gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stochastic strategies for a swarm robotic assembly system (2009)

We present a decentralized, scalable approach to assembling a group of heterogeneous parts into different products using a swarm of robots. While the assembly plans are predetermined, the exact sequence of assembly of parts and the allocation of subassembly tasks to robots are determined by the interactions between robots in a decentralized fashion in real time. Our approach is based on developing a continuous abstraction of the system derived from models of chemical reactions and formulating the strategy as a problem of selecting rates of assembly and disassembly. These rates are mapped onto probabilities that determine stochastic control policies for individual robots, which then produce the desired aggregate behavior. This top-down approach to determining robot controllers also allows us to optimize the rates at the abstract level to achieve fast convergence to the specified target numbers of products. Because the method incorporates programs for assembly and disassembly, changes in demand can lead to reconfiguration in a seamless fashion. We illustrate the methodology using a physics-based simulator with examples involving 15 robots and two types of final products.
An LC–MS/MS-Based Method for the Quantification of Pyridox(am)ine 5′-Phosphate Oxidase Activity in Dried Blood Spots from Patients with Epilepsy (2017)

We report the development of a rapid, simple, and robust LC-MS/MS-based enzyme assay using dried blood spots (DBS) for the diagnosis of pyridox(am)ine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency (OMIM 610090). PNPO deficiency leads to potentially fatal early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, severe developmental delay, and other features of neurological dysfunction. However, upon prompt treatment with high doses of vitamin B<sub>6</sub>, affected patients can have a normal developmental outcome. Prognosis of these patients is therefore reliant upon a rapid diagnosis. PNPO activity was quantified by measuring pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations in a DBS before and after a 30 min incubation with pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP). Samples from 18 PNPO deficient patients (1 day-25 years), 13 children with other seizure disorders receiving B<sub>6</sub> supplementation (1 month-16 years), and 37 child hospital controls (5 days-15 years) were analyzed. DBS from the PNPO-deficient samples showed enzyme activity levels lower than all samples from these two other groups as well as seven adult controls; no false positives or negatives were identified. The method was fully validated and is suitable for translation into the clinical diagnostic arena.
Time-Resolved Structural Characterization of Formation and Break-up of Rhodium Clusters Supported in Highly Dealuminated Y Zeolite (2008)

Mononuclear rhodium complexes incorporating two ethylene ligands and anchored to dealuminated zeolite Y by two Rh−O bonds were characterized by transient extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy as they were converted in the presence of H2. EXAFS spectra indicate reduction of the rhodium in the complex at 298 K to form rhodium clusters less than 3 Å in average diameter. Contacting of the resultant clusters with C2H4 led to their oxidative fragmentation, and the process was reversible. When the H2 treatment was carried out at a higher temperature (373 K), larger clusters formed. The reduction and oxidation of the rhodium were confirmed by X-ray absorption near edge spectra. During the ethylene treatments, ethyl groups formed on the rhodium, as indicated by IR spectra; treatment in H2 led to hydrogenation of these groups to form ethane, and the ethyl groups are inferred to be intermediates in the catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene. Ethylene in the gas phase helps to stabilize rhodium in the form of mononuclear complexes on the zeolite during catalysis, hindering the cluster formation.
Optically Powered Sensors: A Systems Approach To Fiber Optic Sensors (1988)

For more than 10 years fiber optic sensors have been projected as a dominant sensor technology for the future. This projection has yet to be realized. There continues to be a substantial level of research and development in various fiber sensors concepts yet only a few products are available commercially. The six major factors limiting the success of the fiber sensors in the marketplace are identified. An alternate approach to fiber sensors is described which take a systems approach to producing fiber sensors. It combines the advantages of optical fibers with the low power electronic sensor technology currently available. A single multimode fiber is connected between the readout and the transducer. Optical energy transmitted from the readout is converted to electricity at the transducer. Digital data from the transducer is synchronously transmitted over the fiber to the readout. Prototypes of magnetic (i.e., current), temperature, position, and proximity sensors have been built and will be described. A discussion comparing optical and electrical sensors is also included.
Disk burnishing for head-wear reduction studied by pin-on-disk tests (2005)

In recent hard disk drives, head-disk contacts are becoming unavoidable with the decrease in head-disk spacing to less than 10-nm levels. Head-wear reduction is one of the main subjects to be studied for further reducing of the spacing. For this purpose, we started the study of the disk burnishing technique on pin wear using transparent pin-on-disk seek wear tests, in addition to the effects of carbon overcoat films, lubricants, and disk roughness. Conventionally, there have been two disk burnishing techniques, head burnishing (HB) and tape burnishing (TB). We proposed another new burnishing technique, contact burnishing (CB). In CB, a hard spherical pin is pressed onto a disk surface and it burnishes disk asperities. Considering HB would not be effective for disk surface machining, we also studied TB. In this paper, we first describe the importance of disk burnishing with our extended wear equation. The CB technique and its effects will be explained next, and the effects of TB conditions on pin wear are then illustrated.
Prognostic algorithm categorization with PHM Challenge application (2008)

Prognostic algorithms can be divided into three major categories. The most basic methods model the component or system reliability using failure time data and conventional models such as the Weibull. When information pertaining to the operating condition and environmental stressors are available, stress-based techniques can be used. The third type of prognostics is termed effects-based. It is truly an individual based prognostics because it uses information as to how the individual component is affected by the usage condition. This paper presents a summary of the three prognostic types and describes the ongoing development of a Matlab-based set of tools to facilitate prognostic model development. The application of models of each type is illustrated with the PHM Challenge data set. The paper shows the advantages of identifying a degradation parameter to provide for the use of effects-based prognostics.
New Cytokines as Potential Drugs (2000)

Over the past ten years, a number of cytokines and growth factors have proven to be as effective therapeutics. While these products have certainly established recombinant biologics as a major pharmaceutical growth sector, the continued interest in this class of drugs arises from the fact that today we have a far better understanding of the human immune response, both at a cellular and molecular level. This has resulted in a more methodical characterisation of these factors which has given clinical researchers an opportunity to plan Phase 1 clinical trials that can provide substantial information on the activity of the cytokine in humans. Currently, a great deal of effort is also being channelled into identifying cytokines from the various DNA databases. Our major objective for this book is to profile cytokines that have been recently identified. The therapeutic potential of these cytokines based on their known properties will be discussed by the authors. The main aim of this book is to provide..
Transition Metal Complexes Containing Bridging Alkylidene Ligands (1984)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Synthesis of Bridging Alkylidene Complexes Bridging Alkylidene Structures Bonding in Bridging Alkylidene Complexes Reactions of Alkylidene-Bridged Compounds Catalytic Implications of Bridging Alkylidene Complexes Summary
Mobility management for VoIP: evaluation of mobile IP-based protocols (2005)

The support of IP-based real-time services in the next-generation mobile systems requires the coupling of mobility with quality of service. The mobile node can experience disruptions or even intermittent disconnections of an ongoing real-time session due to handovers. The duration of such interruptions is called disruption time or handover delay and can heavily affect user satisfaction. Therefore, this delay needs to be minimized to provide good quality VoIP services. In this paper, we focus on the network-layer mobility, specifically on mobile Internet protocols (MIP) since they are natural candidates for providing network layer mobility. Using analytical models, we evaluate MIPv4 and MIPv6 and compare their performances in terms of handover delay for VoIP services. To optimize the handover delay, we propose to use the adaptive retransmission timer described in this paper. The results obtained using the adaptive timer technique show that for 3% frame error rate and a 9.6 Kbps channel, the handoff delay is about 0.67 s for MIPv6 and 0.32 s for MIPv4. MIPv4 gives an appropriate support to VoIP services in terms of handover delay but the end-to-end delay may be affected by the triangular routing avoided in MIPv6.
Differential regulation of human monocyte programmed cell death (apoptosis) by chemotactic factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines (1991)

In the absence of appropriate stimuli, monocytes undergo programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis. IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha prevent monocyte PCD, which suggests that viability may be regulated by biologically active peptides released during inflammation. To explore this possibility, we evaluated several chemotactic factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines for their ability to regulate PCD. The recruitment factors, FMLP, C fragment C5a, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, or transforming growth factor-beta 1, were incapable of rescuing monocytes from PCD nor did they enhance PCD, whereas several inflammatory cytokines in addition to IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, including granulocyte-monocyte-CSF and IFN-gamma, prevented monocyte PCD provided that sufficient levels of these cytokines were continuously maintained in the cultures. Cytokine-mediated inhibition of PCD could be blocked by specific antisera, ruling out potential effects caused by LPS contamination. When tested at equivalent concentrations, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 had no effect on PCD indicating selectivity in cytokine modulation of monocyte PCD. Because monocytes produce IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and granulocyte-monocyte CSF when activated, the data suggest autocrine as well as paracrine control of cell survival and accumulation. The results also suggest that monocytes recruited to a site of inflammation will undergo PCD in the absence of specific cytokines and/or other stimuli that block this process.
Introduction to Quantum Computation Reliability (2020)

An overview of the quantum computing paradigm with a focus on reliability is provided in a tutorial form intended for practitioners and researchers in the test and reliability community. It is assumed that readers have little prior knowledge of quantum informatics. An introductory description of the mathematical models of a qubit and quantum information processing operations and projective measurement is presented as background. Discussions of quantum error sources and associated fault models are included using the concepts and notation explained in the background section. Topics related to the decoherence problem are also included. The concept of a logical qubit and how quantum error detection and correction can be applied to enhance reliability of quantum computations is formulated using the notions of classical fault models and error detection and correction techniques. The general concept of quantum error detection and correction as applied to enhancing quantum computational reliability is discussed including an example of one of the first such methods originally introduced in 1995.
The kainate receptor subunit GluR6 mediates metabotropic regulation of the slow and medium AHP currents in mouse hippocampal neurones (2004)

Kainate receptors (KARs) play an important role in synaptic physiology, plasticity and pathological phenomena such as epilepsy. However, the physiological implications for single cells and neuronal networks of the distinct expression patterns of KAR subunits are unknown. One intriguing effect of KAR activation is a long-term change to intrinsic neuronal excitability and neuronal firing patterns, such as single-spike and spike-burst firing. In this study, we describe the role of kainate receptor subunits in the metabotropic regulation of the slow and medium afterhyperpolarization (AHP) currents (I(sAHP), I(mAHP)). Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from CA3 pyramidal cells of wild-type (WT) and KAR knockout mice, we show that the kainate-induced decrease of I(sAHP) and I(mAHP) amplitude is protein-kinase-C-dependent and absent in GluR6(-/-) but not GluR5(-/-) pyramidal neurones. Our findings suggest that activation of GluR6-containing KARs modulates AHP amplitude, and influences the firing frequency of pyramidal neurones.
Intracellular Targeting Signals Contribute to Localization of Coronavirus Spike Proteins near the Virus Assembly Site (2004)

Coronavirus budding at the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) requires accumulation of the viral envelope proteins at this point in the secretory pathway. Here we demonstrate that the spike (S) protein from the group 3 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains a canonical dilysine endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal (-KKXX-COOH) in its cytoplasmic tail. This signal can retain a chimeric reporter protein in the ERGIC and when mutated allows transport of the full-length S protein as well as the chimera to the plasma membrane. Interestingly, the IBV S protein also contains a tyrosine-based endocytosis signal in its cytoplasmic tail, suggesting that any S protein that escapes the ERGIC will be rapidly endocytosed when it reaches the plasma membrane. We also identified a novel dibasic motif (-KXHXX-COOH) in the cytoplasmic tails of S proteins from group 1 coronaviruses and from the newly identified coronavirus implicated in severe acute respiratory syndrome. This dibasic motif also retained a reporter protein in the ERGIC, similar to the dilysine motif in IBV S. The cytoplasmic tails of S proteins from group 2 coronaviruses lack an intracellular localization signal. The inherent differences in S-protein trafficking could point to interesting variations in pathogenesis of coronaviruses, since increased levels of surface S protein could promote syncytium formation and direct cell-to-cell spread of the infection.
ScanProsite: detection of PROSITE signature matches and ProRule-associated functional and structural residues in proteins (2006)

ScanProsite--http://www.expasy.org/tools/scanprosite/--is a new and improved version of the web-based tool for detecting PROSITE signature matches in protein sequences. For a number of PROSITE profiles, the tool now makes use of ProRules--context-dependent annotation templates--to detect functional and structural intra-domain residues. The detection of those features enhances the power of function prediction based on profiles. Both user-defined sequences and sequences from the UniProt Knowledgebase can be matched against custom patterns, or against PROSITE signatures. To improve response times, matches of sequences from UniProtKB against PROSITE signatures are now retrieved from a pre-computed match database. Several output modes are available including simple text views and a rich mode providing an interactive match and feature viewer with a graphical representation of results.
Falls and Balance Issues in Long-Term Care (1999)

Falling is a major cause of concern in long-term care facilities. The assessment of risk factors can help the clinician determine the future potential for falling in long-term care residents. Risk factors for falling are identified, methods that can be used to assess balance are discussed, and physical and environmental changes that can decrease the risk of falls are identified. Preventing falls can not be assigned to one discipline in long-term care. Prevention of falls is a health care team issue and must be addressed in a multidisciplinary fashion to be effective in long-term care settings.
Premenstrual tension: A placebo‐controlled efficacy study with spironolactone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (1991)

Forty-three healthy women with a characteristic history of premenstrual tension participated in a placebo controlled, crossover study. The effects of spironolactone (Aldactone) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Gestapuran) on ten symptoms of premenstrual tension were evaluated. Placebo tablets as well as spironolactone and medroxyprogesterone acetate significantly improved a mood index score (which is a generally accepted method to measure premenstrual symptoms). Spironolactone and medroxyprogesterone acetate were however both significantly (P less than 0.05) better than placebo in relieving the symptoms.
THE JUVENILE LIBRARY (1901)

THE JUVENILE LIBRARY Get access WILLIAM E. A. AXON WILLIAM E. A. AXON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Library, Volume s2-II, Issue 5, January 1901, Pages 67–81, https://doi.org/10.1093/library/s2-II.5.67 Published: 01 January 1901
Synthesis of high purity single-walled carbon nanotubes from ethanol by catalytic gas flow CVD reactions (2007)

Highly pure single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with their contents >96% of the total products were achieved by chemical vapour deposition gas flow reactions using ethanol as the carbon source. The high purity SWNTs were formed under critically controlled synthesis conditions and by applying a high hydrogen flow, under which the non-catalytic condensation of carbon was completely suppressed. Purification of the products in acid at ambient conditions readily yielded over 99% pure SWNT products, as the only impurities left in the products were iron particles of clean surface. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the full potential of the CVD gas flow reactions in continuous production of high quality SWNTs. Comparable syntheses were conducted using other alcohols in place of ethanol and it was found that high alkyl alcohols like isopropanol and hexanol produced more amorphous carbon while methanol produced no carbon. The high yield growth of SWNTs was attributed greatly to the reaction chemistry of ethanol and the 'right' amount of hydrogen in the system, as discussed.
Torand Synthesis by Trimerization—New Receptors for Guanidinium (1990)

The largest cycloarene derivative reported so far, the torand 1, is surprisingly readily accessible by CsOH-mediated cyclotrimerization. According to Macromodel calculations, 1 is almost planar and binds guanidinium with formation of six almost ideal hydrogen bonds with only slight change in conformation: the UV spectra of the torand and of its guanidinium complex are almost identical.
GPS for Land Surveyors (2001)

For more than a decade, GPS for Land Surveyors has been unique among other books on this topic due to its clear, straightforward treatment of the subject matter. Completely revised and updated, this fourth edition of a perennial bestseller maintains the user-friendly format that made previous editions so popular while addressing changes in hardware, software, and procedures. Neither simplistic nor overly technical, this book introduces the concepts needed to understand and use GPS and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). See What’s New in the Fourth Edition: Up-to-date information on GNSS and GPS modernization Changes in hardware, software, and procedures Comprehensive treatment of novel signals on new blocks of satellites (L5 and L2C) The book minimizes your reliance on mathematical explanations and maximizes use of illustrations and examples that allow you to visualize and grasp key concepts. The author explains the progression of ideas at the foundation of satellite positioning and delves into some of the particulars. He keeps presentation practical, providing a guide to techniques used in GPS, from their design through observation, processings, real-time kinematic (RTK), and real-time networks. These features and more make it easier for you to meet the challenge of keeping up in this field.
Spoofing Mitigation, Robust Collision Avoidance, and Opportunistic Receiver Localisation Using a New Signal Processing Scheme for ADS-B or AIS (2014)

A signal processing scheme based on phase interferometry is developed here that provides anti-spoof capabilities for ADS-B or AIS using a compact, dual-antenna softwaredenied radio. The expected performance using existing radio technologies and two short baselines is demonstrated for ADS-B. The abilities of the proposed method include spoof detection (ADS-B, AIS and GNSS), collision avoidance in the presence of spoofers, and self-localisation in the absence of GPS. The system can provide bearing estimates of other aircraft in the vicinity broadcasting legitimate or spoofed ADS-B with accuracies of a degree with an antenna baseline of one metre, and self-positioning accuracies of approximately 100 metres for the same baseline. The applicability of the technique to AIS in the maritime domain is also discussed.
Inception criteria for droplet entrainment in two‐phase concurrent film flow (1975)

Abstract Inception criteria for droplet entrainment in concurrent gas‐liquid film flow were developed from simple physical models. For film Reynolds number ≳ 160, an entrainment model based on the shearing off of roll‐wave crests was used. At lower film Reynolds numbers, a wave undercutting mechanism was introduced. Experimentally observed abrupt changes in the critical gas velocity corresponding to the onset of entrainment at a certain film Reynolds number have been explained by the shift in the entrainment mechanisms. An agreement of the present inception criteria with various experimental data is shown to be satisfactory, and significant improvements over the existing empirical correlations have been made.
Influence of spacer lengths on the properties of chiral triplet liquid crystals based on estradiol (1996)

Abstract A series of 3-[ω-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-yloxy)alkyl] ethers of estradiol 17-[ω(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-yloxy)alkanoates] with variable spacers has been prepared as chiral triplet liquid crystals. The compounds show very broad range cholesteric phases and are transformed into cholesteric glasses at room temperature. They exhibit odd-even effects for their cholesteric-isotropic transition temperatures and the associated entropy changes as a function of spacer length. The odd-even effects are observed upon changing the parity of both the ester and of the ether spacer. The best ordering is observed for compounds with an even number of methylene groups both in the ester and the ether spacer. In these cases the three mesogen units are oriented more or less parallel when the alkyl spacers are in the all-trans-conformations. Odd-even effects are also observed for the selective reflection wavelength of the planar cholesteric phase, depending on the parity of both spacers. For several compounds with short spacers the selective reflection wavelength increases strongly with temperature, whereas for other compounds this is almost temperature independent.