gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Critical Review of Selected Topics in Development Theory and Policy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa (2006)

This article reviews critical issues in development policy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, as well as the academic production in the current debates in development theory and policy. It critically focuses on some of the `key words' in the development debate and compares the international debates and the local academic production reviewed with policy formulation in the Eastern Cape Province. This article, therefore, reviews a number of themes and implicit debates at macro and meso levels in the development literature with contemporary policy relevance. These topics cover issues 
from social capital, human development to sustainable development, rural development and state reform. It is based on an extensive literature review on some of these key topics and on the 
results of the Audit of Development Research in the Eastern Cape carried out in 2004 
and early 2005. Given the plethora of material, there is a need to be selective and 
provide the more significant snapshots. It consists of a synoptic overview of the 
academic literature on development theory identifying trends in the development 
theory and policy. The theoretical debate around each of these topics is critically 
discussed and the official development policies and responses related to them are 
analysed. Furthermore, the article intends to give orientation in terms of relevant gaps 
and to point areas or critical nodes for further research. The research audit has revealed a substantive and diverse literature on economic 
development in the Eastern Cape, ranging from high-level conceptual material to 
policy-orientated documents. However, the study shows that even if in the last few 
years efforts in terms of coherent planning and longer term strategies had been made, 
there is a need for further considering the effect of institutions, social capital, rural 
development and its interconnectedness with urban realities as a specific but 
non-separable reality and sustainable development. A further engagement of policy conception and design with academic debate is needed.
Regioselective rhodium‐containing catalysts for ring‐opening polymerizations and hydrosilylations (1992)

Abstract Organometallic rhodium complexes are described which are highly efficient initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization of expoxides and other heterocyclic compounds. A cocatalyst, consisting of a compound or polymer containing silicon–hydrogen bonds must also be present. These same catalyst–cocatalyst mixtures are also highly active for hydrosilylation reactions. Other complexes bearing phosphine ligands have been discovered, which while active for hydrosilylation, are not catalysts for epoxide polymerizations. Polymer supported rhodium catalysts are also described which permit the synthesis of epoxy‐functional silanes in high yields without competing ring‐opening polymerization.
A tracking filter for phased array radar with range rate measurement (2002)

A tracking algorithm using both position and range rate measurements for a target from phased array radar observations is presented. The performances of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) with range rate measurements and a Kalman filter without range rate measurements are compared with regard to relative accuracies. Computer simulation results show that the EKF with the range rate measurements gives a good improvement, especially when the target maneuvers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Segregation of Human Neural Stem Cells in the Developing Primate Forebrain (2001)

Many central nervous system regions at all stages of life contain neural stem cells (NSCs). We explored how these disparate NSC pools might emerge. A traceable clone of human NSCs was implanted intraventricularly to allow its integration into cerebral germinal zones of Old World monkey fetuses. The NSCs distributed into two subpopulations: One contributed to corticogenesis by migrating along radial glia to temporally appropriate layers of the cortical plate and differentiating into lamina-appropriate neurons or glia; the other remained undifferentiated and contributed to a secondary germinal zone (the subventricular zone) with occasional members interspersed throughout brain parenchyma. An early neurogenetic program allocates the progeny of NSCs either immediately for organogenesis or to undifferentiated pools for later use in the "postdevelopmental" brain.
Manipulation of Ultralong Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes at Macroscale (2008)

A parallel, controllable yet simple approach was developed to manipulate single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and create complex architectures of SWNTs. This approach was based on the utilization of flexible poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film as a mediator for indirectly manipulating the SWNTs. With this PMMA-mediated manipulation approach, SWNTs were bended at controlled bending angles without degrading their pristine properties. Meanwhile, crossbar arrays with controlled crossing angle were created. Moreover, complex two-dimensional (2D) architectures, such as steplike and zigzag structures of SWNTs were obtained without complicated lithographic processes. Our manipulation technique paves the way to fabricate novel 2D configuration of SWNTs, induce controllable strain in SWNTs and then build new devices based on them.
Transgenic Mouse Colony Management (2005)

This unit describes strategies and methods used to establish a colony of transgenic mice. Basic mating and genotyping strategies are introduced.
Baculovirus Infection of Cultured Kuruma Shrimp, Penaeus Japonicus in Japan (1981)

Microscopical findings from moribund Kuruma shrimp larvae, Penaeus japonicus, showed no evidence of any polyhedral inclusion bodies in either squash preparations of the affected mid-gut gland or in preparations stained by Vago-Amargier's method.Pathological changes were remarkable cellular necrosis and collapse of mid-gut gland. It was noted that nuclear hypertrophy and collapse always followed these cellular changes.Electron microscopical findings showed cytoplasmic collapse of mid-gut gland cells and the nuclear hypertrophy resulting in karyorrhexis, as well as virions and incomplete viral particles representing virogenic stages in the affected nuclei. The average length and diameter of virions was 310 nm and 72 nm respectively, and length of the nucleocapsids was 250 nm.Infectivity trials carried out employing oral and water borne inoculations revealed high cumulative mortality to healthy shrimp larvae.
Coronary cannulation through mirror-image right aortic arch during right transradial approach: a rare case report with review of literature. (2012)

Although right aortic arch (RAA) is a rare developmental anomaly, it can create a challenging anatomical situation while cannulating coronaries working through right transradial approach (TRA). We describe a rare adult patient with mirror-image RAA, whose coronary angiogram was performed through right TRA. We have also discussed the challenges encountered because of RAA and technique to enter the ascending aorta.
Chromosome analysis of a human neuroblastoma. (1981)

Samplings of tumor cells from a patient with Stage IV neuroblastoma were analyzed for chromosome constitution. Chromosome preparations of the tumor cells from a bone marrow sample were compared to preparations of a solid metastatic tumor after growth in the nude mouse host or followed by culture. Six separate chromosome studies were done. The tumor karyotype demonstrated an overall stability, maintaining the consistent abnormalities of a 1p-, +17, and -22. Chromosomes 5 and 9 were also involved in structural abnormalities in sublines of the tumor cells. Double minutes were seen in all preparations.
Integrin β <sub>1</sub> -focal adhesion kinase signaling directs the proliferation of metastatic cancer cells disseminated in the lungs (2009)

The development of metastases is an extended and inefficient process involving multiple steps. The last of these involves the growth of micrometastases into macroscopic tumors. We show here that intravenously injected, nonmetastatic cancer cells cease proliferating after extravasating into the parenchyma of the lungs; this response is attributable to the cells inability to trigger adhesion-related signaling events when they are scattered sparsely within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the parenchyma. We recapitulate this situation by culturing these nonmetastatic cells at low seeding density in ECM-derived gels in vitro, in which they undergo cell-cycle arrest resulting, in part, from insufficient activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Metastatic cancer cells, in contrast, show sufficient FAK activation to enable their proliferation within ECM gels in vitro and continue cell-cycle progression within the lung parenchyma in vivo. Activation of FAK in these metastatic cells depends on expression of the beta(1) subunit of integrins, and proliferation of these cells after extravasation in the lungs is diminished by knocking down the expression of either FAK or integrin beta(1). These results demonstrate the critical role of integrin beta(1)-FAK signaling axis in controlling the initial proliferation of micrometastatic cancer cells disseminated in the lungs.
Distributed Approximation of Joint Measurement Distributions Using Mixtures of Gaussians (2012)

This paper is concerned with motion planning for nonlinear robotic systems operating in constrained environments. Motivated by recent developments in sampling-based motion planning and Monte Carlo optimization we propose a general randomized path planning method based on sampling in the space of trajectories. The idea is to construct a probability distribution over the set of feasible paths and to perform the search for an optimal trajectory through importance sampling. At the core of the approach lies the cross-entropy method for estimation of rare-event probabilities. The algorithm recursively approximates the optimal sampling distribution which guides the set of sampled trajectories towards regions of progressively lower cost until converging to a delta distribution at the optimum. Our main goal is to provide a framework for consistent adaptive sampling correlating the spatial structure of trajectories and their computed costs. The approach is illustrated with two simple examples-a point mass vehicle and the Dubins car, and is then applied to a simulated helicopter flying optimally in a 3-D terrain.
Motion estimation of elastic articulated objects from image contours (2010)

This paper presents a new model of elastic articulated objects based on revolving conic surface. The model includes three-dimensional object skeleton and deformable surfaces that can represent the deformation of human body surfaces. In each limb, surface deformation is represented by adjusting only two deformation parameters. Then, the deformation parameters are determined by corresponding two-dimensional image contours from a sequence of stereo images. The three-dimensional motion parameters are estimated based on the skeleton points. The algorithm presented in this paper includes skeleton-based parameter estimation of motion and parameter determination of deformable surfaces.
Major histocompatibility complex regulation of T helper functions mapped to a peptide C terminus that controls ligand density (1994)

The functional status (Th1- versus Th2-like) of CD4 T cells primed against human collagen type IV (hCol IV) or a single 30mer peptide from the alpha 2 chain of this molecule is predicted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (I-A) genotype of the responding mice. H-2s mice elicit Th1-like cell-mediated responses to these antigens, whereas Th2-like humoral responses are primed in H-2b,d,k mice. We now report that the ability of MHC to dictate T helper function in this system depends upon a single amino acid of the minimal alpha 2(IV) peptide. The C terminus of this minimal (12mer) peptide is -G-G-P-K, which is predicted to form a beta-turn. The present data demonstrate that the terminal lysine (K) stabilizes the immunogens full biological effects necessary for exclusive cell-mediated responses in H-2s mice. The lysine-truncated (11mer) peptide with otherwise identical sequence effectively primes T helper function in both H-2b and H-2s genotypes. Most importantly, our direct analysis of these peptides' presentation by live antigen-presenting cells (APC) reveals that the 12mer is bound at a log higher density on H-2s APC than on H-2b APC, and that the 11mer is presented at an equally low relative density on APC from both genotypes. In vitro analyses of 12mer/11mer cross-reactive Th clones demonstrate that I-As restricted clones require about 1-2 log lower doses of 12mer peptide than 11mer peptide to stimulate equivalent thymidine incorporation and cytokine release. By contrast, I-Ab-restricted (12mer/11mer cross-reactive) Th clones show no preference for the 12mer and require relatively high peptide doses similar to those required to stimulate the I-As clones with the 11mer peptide. Thus, the peptide dose requirements of Th clones reflect the high density of presentation associated with the 12mer: I-As ligand. Taken together, the results directly support the role of ligand density as an important control point in the functional decision of CD4 T cells.
Space and Australia in the Late Twentieth Century (1984)

Attention is drawn to the developing commercial potential space flight, and the likely evolution of associated technology is considered. Australian activities related to space flight are reviewed, including the commitment to a satellite communications system. A project is put forward which would allow a more aggressive Australian approach to space technology.
Too Spineless to Rebel? New Labour's Women MPs (2003)

The 1997 British general election saw a record 120 women returned to the House of Commons, 101 of them Labour. Yet if the most striking feature of the 1997 intake into the House of Commons was the number of newly elected women, then the most striking feature of the backbench rebellions in that parliament was the lack of these women amongst the ranks of the rebels. They were less than half as likely to rebel against the party whip as the rest of the Parliamentary Labour Party; even those who did, did so around half as often. Attempts to explain this difference fall into two broad groups: (i) those that attempt to explain the difference away, as resulting from other characteristics of the women, and (ii) those that attempt to explain it – indeed, celebrate it – as evidence of a different, women's, style of political behaviour. Attempts at (i) are largely unconvincing: most of the supposed explanations for the difference do not stand up to empirical verification. Although difficult to prove, a belief in (ii) is dominant amongst the new women themselves.
Crystallography for Solid State Physics (1983)

This is in some ways a remarkably good book, but it does not 'deliver the goods' promised by its title. The crystallography and the solid state physics do not come into contact with each other until the last third of the book – and even here 'solid state' is not too well presented.
Chip scale package (CSP) : design, materials, processes, reliability, and applications (1999)

Part I: Flip Chip and Wire Bond for CSP. Solder-Bumped Flip Chip and Wire-Bonding Chip on CSP Substrate. Part II: Customized Leadframe Based CSPs. Fujitsu's Small Outline No-Lead/C-Lead Package (SON/SOC). Fujitsu's Bump Chip Carrier (BCC). Fujitsu's MicroBGA and Quad Flat Nonleaded Package (QFN). Hitachi Cable's Lead-on-Chip Chip Scale Package (LOC-CSP). Hitachi Cable's Micro Stud Array Package (MSA). LG Semicon's Bottom-Leaded Plastic Package (BLP). TI Japan's Memory Chip Scale Package with LOC (MCSP). Part III: CSPs with Flexible Substrate. 3M's Enhanced Flex CSP. General Electric's Chip-on-Flex Chip Scale Package (COF-CSP). Hitachi's Chip Scale Package for Memory Devices. IZM's flexPAC. NEC's Fine-Pitch Ball Grid Array (FPBGA). Nitto Denko's Molded Chip Size Package (MCSP). Sharp's Chip Scale Package. Tessera's Micro-Ball Grid Array. TI Japan's Micro-Star BGA. TI Japan's Memory Chip Scale Package with Flexible Substrate (MCSP). Part IV: CSPs with Rigid Substrate. Amkor/Anam's ChipArray Package. EPS's Low-Cost Solder-Bumped Flip Chip NuCSP. IBM's Ceramic Mini-Ball Grid Array Package (Mini-BGA). IBM's Flip Chip-Plastic Ball Grid Array Package (FC/PBGA). Matsuhita's MN-PAC. Motorola's SLICC and JACS-Pak. National Semiconductor's Plastic Chip Carrier (PCC). NEC's Three-Dimensional Memory Module (3DM) and CSP. Sony's Transformed Grid Array Package (TGA). Toshiba's Ceramic/Plastic Fine-Pitch BGA Package (C/P-FBGA). Part V: Wafer-Level Redistribution CSPs. ChipScale's Micro SMT Package (MSMT). EPIC's Chip Scale Package. Flip Chip Technologies' UltraCSP. Fujitsu's Super CSP (SCSP). Mitsubishi's Chip Scale Package (CSP). National Semiconductor's SMD. Sandia National Laboratories' Mini Ball Grid Array Package (mBGA). ShellCase's Shell-PACK/Shell-BGA.
Kit expression in male germ cell tumors. (2007)

KIT is expressed in the majority of seminomas and in seminomatous components of the combined tumors, but only in a minority of anaplastic seminomas and rarely in non-seminomatous GCTs. The recent development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors may offer a possibility of cure in chemoresistant patients overexpressing KIT.
Comparison of four real-time ultrasound systems that predict intramuscular fat in beef cattle. (1998)

Eighty-one crossbred steers were used to evaluate four commercially available ultrasound systems that predict intramuscular fat. The software systems represented included Animal Ultrasound Services, Inc., Ithaca, NY; CPEC, Oakley, KS; Critical Vision, Inc., Atlanta, GA (CVIS); and Classic Ultrasound Equipment, Tequesta, FL. Systems were evaluated using marbling scores and percentage ether extractable fat of the longissimus muscle. Before statistical analyses, system predictions were corrected for the respective system's average deviation between the prediction and carcass measurement. The absolute difference between system prediction and percentage ether extract (EEADIFF) or marbling score (MADIFF) converted to ether extract by regression was analyzed with a model accounting for effects of system, technician within system, animal, and animal x system. Steers with USDA marbling scores less than Small00 were assigned to a low marbling class, and all others were assigned to a second class. Data were then analyzed with a subsequent model including marbling class. For EEADIFF in the first model, system, animal, and system x animal were significant (P < .001). For MADIFF, technician within system (P < .05) and all other effects (P < .001) were significant. In the second model, system x marbling class was significant (P < .05) for EEADIFF and approached significance for MADIFF (P = .17). Least squares means for EEADIFF indicated that the systems were more precise measuring animals in the low marbling class. Finally, the CPEC and CVIS systems were the most precise for predicting intramuscular fat.
Pushing the limits of high performance dual‐layer hollow fiber fabricated via I<sup>2</sup>PS process in dehydration of ethanol (2013)

The immiscibility induced phase separation (I 2 PS) process was introduced as a novel method to fabricate hollow fibers with exceptionally high water permeance and reasonably high water/ethanol selectivity in dehydration of ethanol by pervaporation. As a continuation of the previous work, this study discloses the mechanisms to enhance the performance of hollow fibers spun via I 2 PS by elucidating the material selection at the inner‐layer. Moreover, it revealed the methods to reduce mass‐transport resistance by enhancing surface porosity for both inner and outer surfaces to further improve the permeation flux of the membranes. The continuous performance test demonstrates that the fibers spun from the I 2 PS possess a stable dehydration performance throughout the monitored period of 300 h. A comparison with pervaporation membranes in the literatures verifies the superiority of the membranes spun via I 2 PS process with the highest water permeation flux of 9.5 kg/m 2 h and the permeate water purity of 95.8 wt % at 80°C. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 59: 3006–3018, 2013
Simple method for gas chromatographic determination of ethylene emitted from plant tissues (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple method for gas chromatographic determination of ethylene emitted from plant tissuesK. A. Ramsteiner, B. A. Karlhuber, and W. D. HoermannCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 11, 1621–1622Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60347a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60347a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Big Data architecture for IT incident management (2014)

IT incident management aims to restore normal service quality and availability of IT systems from interruptions. IT incidents often have complicated causes aggregated from an IT environment composed of thousands of interdependent components. Incident diagnosis then requires collecting and analyzing a large scale of data regarding these components, often, in real time to find suspect causes. It is extremely difficult to fulfill this requirement using traditional techniques. In this paper, we propose a new analysis architecture using Big Data techniques. This architecture leverages stream computing and MapReduce techniques to analyze data from various data sources, uses NoSQL databases to store incident-related documents and their relationships, and further utilizes other analytical techniques to examine the documents for root causes and failure prediction. We demonstrate this approach using a real-world example and present evaluation results from a recent pilot study.
Thin-Film Encapsulation of Thin-Cathode Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2007)

We have developed a novel thin-film encapsulation method for thin-cathode organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) by introducing organic (not polymer)/inorganic multiple thin films to protect devices, which is shown to slow down the permeation rate of moisture and oxygen. From the stability test of devices, the projected lifetime of thin-cathode OLEDs with thin-film encapsulation was similar to that of thin-cathode OLEDs with glass lid encapsulation.