gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Cells in the Cross Hair for the Generation of Tailored Vaccines (2018)

Vaccines represent the discovery of utmost importance for global health, due to both prophylactic action to prevent infections and therapeutic intervention in neoplastic diseases. Despite this, current vaccination strategies need to be refined to successfully generate robust protective antigen-specific memory immune responses. To address this issue, one possibility is to exploit the high efficiency of dendritic cells (DCs) as antigen-presenting cells for T cell priming. DCs functional plasticity allows shaping the outcome of immune responses to achieve the required type of immunity. Therefore, the choice of adjuvants to guide and sustain DCs maturation, the design of multifaceted vehicles, and the choice of surface molecules to specifically target DCs represent the key issues currently explored in both preclinical and clinical settings. Here, we review advances in DCs-based vaccination approaches, which exploit direct <i>in vivo</i> DCs targeting and activation options. We also discuss the recent findings for efficient antitumor DCs-based vaccinations and combination strategies to reduce the immune tolerance promoted by the tumor microenvironment.
Identification of Arabidopsis Mutants Exhibiting an Altered Hypersensitive Response in Gene-for-Gene Disease Resistance (2000)

A mutational study was carried out to isolate Arabidopsis thaliana plants that exhibit full or partial disruption of the RPS2-mediated hypersensitive response (HR) to Pseudomonas syringae that express avrRpt2. Five classes of mutants were identified including mutations at RPS2, dnd mutations causing a "defense, no death" loss-of-HR phenotype, a lesion-mimic mutant that also exhibited an HR- phenotype, and a number of intermediate or partial-loss-of-HR mutants. Surprisingly, many of these mutants displayed elevated resistance to virulent P. syringae and, in some cases, to Peronospora parasitica. Constitutively elevated levels of pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression and salicylic acid were also observed. In the lesion-mimic mutant, appearance of elevated resistance was temporally correlated with appearance of lesions. For one of the intermediate lines, resistance was shown to be dependent on elevated levels of salicylic acid. A new locus was identified and named IHR1, after the mutant phenotype of "intermediate HR." Genetic analysis of the intermediate-HR plant lines was difficult due to uncertainties in distinguishing the partial/intermediate mutant phenotypes from wild type. Despite this difficulty, the intermediate-HR mutants remain of interest because they reveal potential new defense-related loci and because many of these lines exhibit partially elevated disease resistance without dwarfing or other apparent growth defects.
Visualizing Sound Directivity via Smartphone Sensors (2018)

When Yang-Hann Kim received the Rossing Prize in Acoustics Education at the 2015 meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, he stressed the importance of offering visual depictions of sound fields when teaching acoustics. Often visualization methods require specialized equipment such as microphone arrays or scanning apparatus. We present a simple method for visualizing angular dependence in sound fields, made possible via the confluence of sensors available via a new smartphone app that the authors have developed.
Computation of circuit waveform envelopes using an efficient, matrix-decomposed harmonic balance algorithm (1996)

In this paper we introduce a novel algorithm for numerically computing the dynamics (envelope) of circuits in which a varying carrier signal as also present. The algorithm proceeds at the rate of the slow behavior and its computational cost is fairly insensitive to the rate of the fast signals. The envelope computation problem is formulated as a differential-algebraic system of equations (DAEs) in terms of frequency-domain quantities (e.g. amplitudes and phases) that capture the fast varying behavior of the circuit. The solution of this DAE represents the variation of these quantities, i.e., the envelope. The efficiency of this method is the result of using the most appropriate method for each of the circuit modes: harmonic balance for the fast behavior and time-domain integration of DAEs for the slow behavior. The paper describes the theoretical foundations of the algorithm and presents several circuit analysis examples.
Focusing and Scanning Microscopy with Propagating Surface Plasmons (2013)

Here we demonstrate a novel surface plasmon polariton (SPP) microscope which is capable of imaging below the optical diffraction limit. A plasmonic lens, generated through phase-structured illumination, focuses SPPs down to their diffraction limit and scans the focus with steps as small as 10 nm. This plasmonic lens is implemented on a metallic nanostructure consisting of alternating hole array gratings and bare metal arenas. We use subwavelength scattering holes placed within the bare metal arenas to determine the resolution of our microscope. The resolution depends on the size of the scanning SPP focus. This novel technique has the potential for biomedical imaging microscopy, surface biology, and functionalization chemistry.
Fiber Raman amplifications with dispersion compensating fibers (2000)

We present dopantanalysis and characterization of dispersion compensating fibers in fiber Raman amplifications. ASE and Rayleigh scattering dominate the noise generation in small-signal amplifications, while stimulated Brillouin scattering mainly limits the high-signal amplifications.
The taxanes: toxicity and quality of life considerations in advanced ovarian cancer (2003)

The taxanes paclitaxel and docetaxel show good activity in the management of advanced ovarian cancer when used in conjunction with platinum agents. Accumulating evidence from clinical studies, particularly the latest results from the phase III comparative SCOTROC study, indicates that the two drugs confer similar rates of tumour response and survival in women with this condition. However, it is clear that paclitaxel and docetaxel differ in their tolerability profiles and in other respects, and cannot be regarded as directly equivalent drugs. In particular, paclitaxel is associated with significant neurotoxicity; peripheral neuropathy has also been reported with docetaxel, but to a lesser extent. Neutropenia appears more prevalent with docetaxel than with paclitaxel, although clinical trial data show that this adverse effect is manageable and need not compromise dose delivery. Docetaxel is also associated with potential benefits accruing from shorter infusion times and lack of need for premedication with intravenous histamine H(1) and H(2) antagonists. Emerging quality of life data are expected to shed further light on the overall benefit of chemotherapy in women with advanced ovarian cancer in general, and on taxane-platinum combinations in particular.
Apatinib for Chemotherapy-Refractory Advanced Metastatic Gastric Cancer: Results From a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Arm, Phase II Trial (2013)

Apatinib showed improved PFS and OS in heavily pretreated patients with mGC who had experienced treatment failure with two or more chemotherapy regimens.
Fingerprint Image-Quality Estimation and its Application to Multialgorithm Verification (2008)

Signal-quality awareness has been found to increase recognition rates and to support decisions in multisensor environments significantly. Nevertheless, automatic quality assessment is still an open issue. Here, we study the orientation tensor of fingerprint images to quantify signal impairments, such as noise, lack of structure, blur, with the help of symmetry descriptors. A strongly reduced reference is especially favorable in biometrics, but less information is not sufficient for the approach. This is also supported by numerous experiments involving a simpler quality estimator, a trained method (NFIQ), as well as the human perception of fingerprint quality on several public databases. Furthermore, quality measurements are extensively reused to adapt fusion parameters in a monomodal multialgorithm fingerprint recognition environment. In this study, several trained and nontrained score-level fusion schemes are investigated. A Bayes-based strategy for incorporating experts' past performances and current quality conditions, a novel cascaded scheme for computational efficiency, besides simple fusion rules, is presented. The quantitative results favor quality awareness under all aspects, boosting recognition rates and fusing differently skilled experts efficiently as well as effectively (by training).
Gene and mRNA for precursor polypeptide VI from adenovirus type 2 (1981)

We present a 1,040-base-pair-long sequences of adenoviruses type 2 DNA which encodes the complete gene for precursor polypeptide VI (pVI). pVI consists of 250 amino acids amounting to a molecular weight of 26,990. The proteolytic cleavage maturing pVI to virion polypeptide VI removes 33 amino acids from the amino-terminal end of the polypeptide, thus giving the mature polypeptide VI a molecular weight of 23,400. The UAA stop codon terminating pVI translation is separated by 84 nucleotides from the initiator triplet for the hexon gene. Both polypeptides are encoded by the same translational reading frame, suggesting the evolution of pVI and hexon as separate proteins by the introduction of a termination codon and selection of a new splice acceptor site in an ancestral fused polypeptide chain. The splice site where the common tripartite leader is attached to the pVI mRNA precedes the initiator codon for pVI translation by one nucleotide and forms, together with other late splice acceptor sites, a late adenovirus consensus acceptor site. We also demonstrate that the 3' end of the mRNA's belonging to the L2 3'-cotermination family is located only 31 nucleotides upstream from the splice junction of the pVI mRNA. Furthermore, we show that four novel polypeptides of molecular weights 80,000, 39,000, 36,000, and 10,500 are encoded by region L2.
Biodegradation and photolysis of pentachlorophenol in artificial freshwater streams (1983)

The biodegradation, photolysis, and adsorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in outdoor, aquatic environments were examined with man-made channels built by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at a field station on the Mississippi River near Monticello, Minn. Four channels were used, each channel being approximately 520 m long and receiving river water that flowed through the channels for about 10 h before reentering the river. The channels were dosed continuously during the summer of 1982 with various concentrations of PCP (approximately 0, 48, 144, and 432 micrograms/liter). We monitored the biotic and abiotic degradation of PCP in these channels for approximately 16 weeks. Photolysis of PCP was rapid at the water surface, but greatly attenuated with depth. Depending on sunlight conditions, photolysis accounted for a 5 to 28% decline in initial PCP concentration. Adsorption of PCP by sediment and uptake by biota accounted for less than 15% and probably less than 5% in unacclimated water. Microbial degradation of PCP became significant about 3 weeks after the initiation of dosing and eventually became the primary mechanism of PCP removal, accounting for a 26 to 46% (dose-dependent) decline in initial PCP. Most of the PCP-mineralizing microorganisms that developed in the channels were either attached to surfaces (e.g., rocks and macrophytes) or associated with surface sediments. Total bacterial numbers (direct microscopic counts) in the various channels were not affected significantly by PCP concentrations of micrograms per liter. Numerous strains of bacteria able to grow at the expense of PCP were isolated from the adapted channels. The experiments reported here will help predict the responses of flowing aquatic ecosystems to contamination by biocides such as pentachlorophenol.
Construction of magnetic reconnection in the near-Earth magnetotail with Geotail (2011)

[1] The Geotail spacecraft made in situ observations of magnetic reconnection on 15 May 2003 in the near-Earth magnetotail at a radial distance of 28 RE when a moderate substorm started on the ground. For this event, the intense cross-tail electron current layer was detected in association with the simultaneous plasma flow and magnetic field reversals, and the scale length along the GSM x axis was obtained. This observation enables us to deduce scales for the basic structure of magnetic reconnection in the near-Earth magnetotail. In the center of the electron current layer (a possible X line), the speed of the dawnward electron flow carrying cross-tail current exceeds the maximum of the electron outflow speed (earthward/tailward), and it is highly super Alfvénic. The full extent of this central intense cross-tail electron current layer is approximately 1 λi (ion inertial length) in the x direction, which corresponds to 0.2 RE in the magnetotail. Electron outflow speed reaches its maximum, which is also super Alfvénic, at distances of less than 1 λi from the X line, and ion outflow speed reaches its maximum farther away from the center. Electron outflow speed decreases in the downstream region, and it becomes the same as the ion speed at distances of 4 λi. The full extent of the ion-electron decoupling region is 8 λi in the x direction, which corresponds to 1.5 RE in the magnetotail, and the outer region belongs to the MHD regime. Inside the ion-electron decoupling region, ions are accelerated up to 10 keV during inflow processes and further accelerated beyond 40 keV toward the duskward direction near the center and along the x axis slightly away from the center. These observations of the ion and electron dynamics in the close vicinity of the X line are fairly consistent with results from the two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation described here and others. The present Geotail results provide the observational basis for the structure of magnetic reconnection in the near-Earth magnetotail.
Identification of <i>Rhizobium phaseoli</i> Strains That Are Tolerant or Sensitive to Soil Acidity (1983)

A study was conducted to determine whether the survival of Rhizobium phaseoli in acid soils could be predicted on the basis of the tolerance of the organism to acidity in culture. Of 16 strains tested, all grew in culture at pH 4.6, but only those that grew at pH 3.8 survived in soils having pH values of 4.1 to 4.6. Strains that tolerated the lowest pH values in culture were tolerant of the highest aluminum concentrations. In one acid soil, an acid-tolerant strain was unable to survive in numbers greater than 100/g, but the poor survival was not related to the level of extractable aluminum or manganese in the soil. Reproduction of an acid-tolerant strain of R. phaseoli was enhanced in the rhizosphere of Phaseolus vulgaris in both acid and limed soils, but stimulation of an acid-sensitive strain by the plant occurred only in the limed soil. These results indicate that cultural tests can be used to predict the ability of R. phaseoli to survive in acid soil.
Underwater bubble sizing using a pulsed double frequency technique (1992)

A pulsed double frequency technique has been developed for detecting and sizing underwater air bubbles. The technique permits little or no contribution from nonresonant bubbles at each frequency of interest and thus provides an accurate estimate of the bubble sizes present. Evaluation of the system was made through tests in a small pool at ranges as far as 2 m. The results obtained with the system were compared to data obtained through passive listening.
Thermal expansion of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles: X-ray diffraction studies (2001)

Thermal expansion coefficient in single-walled carbon nanotube bundles was determined as $(\ensuremath{-}0.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5} (1/\mathrm{K})$ for the tube diameter and $(0.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5} (1/\mathrm{K})$ for the triangular lattice constant by means of x-ray scattering between 300 K to 950 K. The value for the intertube gap was $(4.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5} (1/\mathrm{K}),$ which is larger than $2.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5} (1/\mathrm{K})$ for the c-axis thermal expansion in graphite. The results reveal the presence of a remarkably larger lattice anharmonicity in nanotube bundles than that of graphite. The small value for the tube diameter is consistent with the seamless tube structure formed by a strong covalent bond between carbon atoms comparable to that in graphite.
생활서비스에 따른 지역유형분류 (2010)

정부가 지역정책을 효과적으로 수립하고 지역주민을 만족시키는 정책을 운영하기 위해서는 지방자치단체의 생활서비스 영역의 실태분석과 생활서비스 수준을 측정하고, 지역유형을 분류하여 그 격차를 살펴보아야 한다. 이를 위해서는 어떻게 생활서비스 영역을 개별 혹은 관련 영역으로 구분하고, 현재 지방자치단체의 수준을 측정하여 지역유형을 분류하고, 지역 격차의 수준을 측정하는가가 중요하다. 우리나라 지방자치단체에서 생활서비스가 불균형적으로 제공되고 있는 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 정부가 우선적으로 투자해야 할 분야를 확인하고, 전략적인 예산지원과 유인 제도를 마련해야 한다.
Relationships between dietary sodium chloride, food intake and food conversion in the rainbow trout (1978)

The addition of up to 8.5 % sodium chloride to the diet of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri had no significant effect on either food intake or food conversion efficiency. Over a range of rations from 4 % to 38 % of dry weight per week, there was a rectilinear relationship between ration and growth rate. The weight maintenance requirement and rate of weight loss during fasting were estimated from this relationship. Food conversion efficiency ( K ) increased from 0.00 at 4% dry weight per week food intake ( x ) to 0.19 at 38%, according to the equation K =0.21‐0.77/x.
Position-measuring error analysis and solution of hall sensor in pseudo-sensorless PMSM driving system (2004)

Referring to a PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) driving system with only two low-cost hall sensors, this paper analyses the position-measuring error in one pseudo-sensorless scheme, and offers methods of error compensation. Adopting the methodology based on 3-d finite element analysis, this paper evaluates and practically locates the mounted positions of hall sensor in the PMSM to minimize the position-measuring error. Finally, experiments are carried out to verify the corresponding 3-d finite element analysis results.
Training Deep Neural Networks via Direct Loss Minimization (2015)

Supervised training of deep neural nets typically relies on minimizing cross-entropy. However, in many domains, we are interested in performing well on metrics specific to the application. In this paper we propose a direct loss minimization approach to train deep neural networks, which provably minimizes the application-specific loss function. This is often non-trivial, since these functions are neither smooth nor decomposable and thus are not amenable to optimization with standard gradient-based methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in the context of maximizing average precision for ranking problems. Towards this goal, we develop a novel dynamic programming algorithm that can efficiently compute the weight updates. Our approach proves superior to a variety of baselines in the context of action classification and object detection, especially in the presence of label noise.
The Decline and Fall of the West (2007)

There have been many complaints in recent times about the failures of the educational system. Professor James Allan of the University of Queensland wrote an article in the Australian on April 11 in which he bemoaned the inability of undergraduates to write English sentences. In this article I shall explain how things are much, much worse than he or almost anybody else imagines.
Sulphonate esters as sources of sulphonyl radicals; ring-closure reactions of alk-4- and -5-enesulphonyl radicals (1991)

Alkyl alkanesulphonates and arenesulphonates were found to be useful sources of sulphonyl radicals, particularly for spectroscopic work, when treated with organotin or organosilyl radicals. Allyl, propynyl and penta-2,4-dienyl methanesulphonates gave, however, allyl, propynyl and pentadienyl radicals, respectively. Sulphonyl radicals generated in this way added efficiently to alk-1-enes with electron-releasing substituents, and the EPR spectra of the adduct radicals were recorded. A variety of radical initiation systems were tried on pent-4-enesulphonyl chloride. The pent-4-enesulphonyl radical cyclised mainly in the endo mode to give the six-membered-ring sulphone. Similarly, the hex-5-enesulphonyl radical cyclised to give thiepane 1,1-dioxide, with a seven-membered ring. The cyclohex-2-enylethanesulphonyl radical cyclised mainly in the exo mode to give 2-chloro-9-thiabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane 9,9-dioxide. The mechanisms of these reactions are discussed.
[Automatic tocography using the Cardiff infusion system under cardiotocographic control with the fetal monitor BMT 504]. (1976)

Clinical results of the induction of labour by means of the Cardiff-equipment. The fetal monitor BMT-504 (VEB Kombinat Mebgerätewerk Zwönitz) has been used as cardiotocographic control unit. Labour has been induced with oxytocin (n = 38) or methyloxytocin (n = 30). 50 deliveries, which where induced by means of intravenous oxytocin infusion enables to be comparate the results. Using the automatic infusion the average induction-delivery interval was 4 hours 14 minutes, the average dosage of tocergic drugs was 2 IW oxytocin or 20 mug methyloxytocin. Using oxytocin for labour induction we found an increase in obstetric operative frequency caused by fetal distress. There where an increase in basal tone of uterine activity in this patients. Therefore we recommend methyloxytocin for the labour induction of high risk pregnancies. The safety factors, which are incorporated in the Cardiff-equipment have many advantages in obstetrical routine work, to determine fetal distress at an earlier stage. The results presented show that with this automatic infusion system labour can induced with even greater efficiency and safety. The equipment is very useful in accordance to the continuous increasing number of planned deliveries.
Design Optimization of a Mechanical Heart Valve for Reducing Valve Thrombogenicity—A Case Study with ATS Valve (2010)

Patients implanted with mechanical heart valves (MHV) or with ventricular assist devices that use MHV require mandatory lifelong anticoagulation for secondary stroke prevention. We recently developed a novel Device Thrombogenicity Emulator (DTE) methodology that interfaces numerical and experimental approaches to optimize the thrombogenic performance of the device and reduce the bleeding risk associated with anticoagulation therapy. Device Thrombogenicity Emulator uses stress-loading waveforms in pertinent platelet flow trajectories that are extracted from highly resolved numerical simulations and emulates these flow conditions in a programmable hemodynamic shearing device (HSD) by which platelet activity is measured. We have previously compared two MHV, ATS and the St. Jude Medical, and demonstrated that owing to its nonrecessed hinge design, the ATS valve offers improved thrombogenic performance. In this study, we further optimize the ATS valve thrombogenic performance, by modifying various design features of the valve, intended to achieve reduced thrombogenicity: 1) optimizing the leaflet-housing gap clearance; 2) increasing the effective maximum opening angle of the valve; and 3) introducing a streamlined channel between the leaflet stops of the valve that increases the effective flow area. We have demonstrated that the DTE optimization methodology can be used as test bed for developing devices with significantly improved thombogenic performance.