gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth of bulk GaN crystals (2020)

Perspectives about growth of bulk gallium nitride crystals, fabricating high structural quality gallium nitride wafers and the market demand for them are presented. Three basic crystal growth technologies, halide vapor phase epitaxy, sodium flux, and ammonothermal, are described. Their advantages and disadvantages, recent development, and possibilities are discussed. The main difficulty with crystallization of thick GaN is determined. Some new solutions for bulk growth are proposed. It is shown that only crystallization on high structural quality native seeds will ensure proper progress. New ideas for fabricating gallium nitride crystals and wafers with a better control of their structural properties and point defect concentration are proposed.
High-Pressure Equilibrium Data in Systems Containing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Limonene, and Citral (2001)

This paper presents experimental equilibrium data for both CO2 + limonene and CO2 + citral systems at a constant temperature of 315 K and at pressures varying between (3 and 10) MPa. Experimental data on the ternary system CO2 + limonene + citral are also presented. The experiments were performed at 315 K and at two different pressure values: (8.4 and 9.0) MPa. The experimental results obtained were correlated by means of the Peng−Robinson equation of state and by applying mixing rules characterized by two different interaction parameters specific to each binary subsystem present in the ternary system. The data obtained show that limonene is characterized by higher solubility in carbon dioxide than citral. It is therefore possible to obtain an enrichment of citral through the extraction of limonene by means of supercritical carbon dioxide starting from a mixture of limonene and citral.
Turtle (1884)

Turtle Get access O. M. O. M. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s6-IX, Issue 213, 23 January 1884, Page 69, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s6-IX.213.69f Published: 26 January 1884
Inflammation‐Triggered Cancer Immunotherapy by Programmed Delivery of CpG and Anti‐PD1 Antibody (2017)

The digital bioluminescent intensity scales of images for Figure 3A,B and Figure 4A,B were inadvertently omitted in the published article.Meanwhile, several of the mice (bright field) in Figure 3A and 4A were not displayed correctly: the bioluminensence signals were not merged correspondingly with the bright-field images of those mice.The corrected figures are presented here.The quantitative analysis and overall conclusions of the article are unaffected.
Flushing and Locking of Venous Catheters: Available Evidence and Evidence Deficit (2015)

Flushing and locking of intravenous catheters are thought to be essential in the prevention of occlusion. The clinical sign of an occlusion is catheter malfunction and flushing is strongly recommended to ensure a well-functioning catheter. Therefore fluid dynamics, flushing techniques, and sufficient flushing volumes are important matters in adequate flushing in all catheter types. If a catheter is not in use, it is locked. For years, it has been thought that the catheter has to be filled with an anticoagulant to prevent catheter occlusion. Heparin has played a key role in locking venous catheters. However, the high number of risks associated with heparin forces us to look for alternatives. A long time ago, 0.9% sodium chloride was already introduced as locking solution in peripheral cannulas. More recently, a 0.9% sodium chloride lock has also been investigated in other types of catheters. Thrombolytic agents have also been studied as a locking solution because their antithrombotic effect was suggested as superior to heparin. Other catheter lock solutions focus on the anti-infective properties of the locks such as antibiotics and chelating agents. Still, the most effective locking solution will depend on the catheter type and the patient's condition.
Application of Ozone/UV Process for the Reclamation of Sewage Treatment Plant Effluent (2003)

This study was conducted to evaluate the ozone and UV combination (ozone/UV) process for the reuse of sewage treatment plant effluent. The ozone/UV process was compared to the ozone alone and the UV alone processes by measuring a variety of parameters, such as UV absorbance at 410 nm (A410), COD, BOD, BOD/COD, TOC, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and aldehydes. The organics present in sewage effluent were more effectively removed by hydroxyl radical (OH°) than by molecular ozone. The ozone/UV process was highly effective for the color removal, disinfection, mineralization of organics, and minimization of ozone by-product. It was also found that ozone/UV process equipped with high-intensity UV lamp was more efficient and economical than that with low-intensity UV lamp.
Damage identification using support vector machines (2001)

Support vector machines have recently been established as a powerful tool for classification and regression problems. Their use in the field of damage identification is illustrated here with reference to two problems which can be naturally cast in terms of classification. The first is a fault classification problem for ball bearings and the second looks at locating damage within a framework structure. The performance is compared to more established means of engineering pattern recognition.
Docosahexaenoic acid therapy in docosahexaenoic acid‐deficient patients with disorders of peroxisomal biogenesis (1996)

A patient with classic Zellweger syndrome was treated with docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (DHA-EE) for three months. Five other patients with Zellweger variants (four of them less than one-year-old and a five-year-old) were treated with DHA-EE until normalization of the DHA levels in erythrocytes. When arachidonic acid (AA) concentration decreased, AA was added to the diet. Thereafter, a combined treatment with DHA plus AA followed, in a variable proportion that allowed the high levels of DHA in erythrocytes to be maintained. In the patient with Zellweger syndrome, DHA therapy produced an increase in plasmalogen and a decrease in 26:0 and 26:1. No clear clinical improvement could be detected in this patient during the short period of treatment with DHA-EE. The most consistent clinical effect produced by DHA therapy in the other patients with disorders of peroxisomal biogenesis was visual improvement, even in those patients that were virtually blind before the treatment. In general, the developmental curve began to accelerate. The infants became more alert, acquired better visual and social contact and muscular tone improved, with the beginning of good head control. The liver tests tended to normalize and some patients showed a reduction of hepatomegaly. All these favorable changes occurred when the patients were taking the DHA-EE alone. In some of the patients, muscular tone seemed to improve further after introducing AA supplements. From the biochemical point of view, the plasmalogen levels increased in most cases in erythrocytes, and the two ratios 26:0/22:0 and 26:1/22:0 decreased in plasma. In some patients there was a tendency for 26:1 to increase in plasma and for 18:0 plasmalogen to decrease in erythrocytes when AA was introduced in the diet. The significance of these findings remains to be elucidated, but they stress the importance of strict monitoring and control of the polyunsaturated fatty acids status during DHA therapy.
Quantitative In-depth Profile of Passivated Oxide Layers of GaAs by AES-SIMS–a Comparison of Thermal, Anodic and Plasma Oxidations (1978)

In-depth profies of the oxide layers prepared by thermal, anodic and plasma oxidations were compared by means of a simultaneous measurement of AES-SIMS. In the AES measurements, it was found that oxide by thermal oxidation consisted of only Ga-oxide and big pile-up of As was grown between the oxide and the GaAs substrate. In case of the anodic and plasma oxidations, much thinner interface layer was formed than that by thermal oxidation and no pile-up of As was observed. The SIMS measurements revealed detailed structure of the interface region for the anodic and plasma oxidations and that small amount of oxygen may diffuse into the GaAs substrate during the process of plasma oxidation. The chemical compositions were estimated as Ga2O3 for the thermal, GaAsO2 for the anodic and GaAsO for the plasma oxidations, respectively.
Mechanisms of the interaction between twoADAMTS13 gene mutations leading to severe deficiency of enzymatic activity (2006)

The inherited deficiency of the von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease ADAMTS13 is associated with rare forms of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). We investigated a woman with a family history of chronic recurrent TTP and undetectable plasma levels of ADAMTS13 activity. Genetic analysis revealed two missense mutations in the heterozygous state: p.Val88Met substitution in the metalloprotease domain and p.Gly1239Val substitution in the first CUB domain of ADAMTS13. To explore the mechanism of ADAMTS13 deficiency in this patient, the wild type (WT; ADAMT13(WT)) and each mutant construct (ADAMTS13(Val88Met), ADAMTS13(Gly1239Val)) were transiently expressed in HEK 293 and COS-7 cells. To recapitulate the compound heterozygous state of the patient, both mutant ADAMTS13 proteins were also expressed together. The p.Val88Met mutation led to a defect of secretion of the protease associated with a reduction of enzymatic activity, the p.Gly1239Val mutation led to a secretion defect causing intracellular accumulation of the protease. The mechanistic effects of the mutations were further explored by means of differential immunofluorescence, that demonstrated an homogeneous distribution of ADAMTS13(WT) in the Cis-Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compartments, a reduction of ADAMTS13(Val88Met) in both compartments, while ADAMTS13(Gly1239Val) failed to reach the Cis-Golgi compartment and remained in the ER.
Design and development of an automated footwear testing system (2003)

To provide a less expensive and more consistent means of evaluating shoe performance, a project was undertaken to develop an automated footwear testing system (AFTS) to augment human subject data in athletic shoe evaluation. The objective of the AFTS project was to develop a programmable automated footwear testing system for assessing specific performance characteristics of sport shoes. To achieve this objective, the AFTS would have to emulate foot-ground interactions that accompany a variety of athletic movements including walking, running, side shuffling, and, later, stopping, cutting, and jumping. Furthermore, the machine must emulate a variety of human body weight, gender, shoe size, and running style combinations. The AFTS prototype produced valuable insight both into the future of automated footwear testing and high-performance Stewart-Gough platform design.
Clustering-Based Denoising With Locally Learned Dictionaries (2009)

In this paper, we propose K-LLD: a patch-based, locally adaptive denoising method based on clustering the given noisy image into regions of similar geometric structure. In order to effectively perform such clustering, we employ as features the local weight functions derived from our earlier work on steering kernel regression . These weights are exceedingly informative and robust in conveying reliable local structural information about the image even in the presence of significant amounts of noise. Next, we model each region (or cluster)-which may not be spatially contiguous-by "learning" a best basis describing the patches within that cluster using principal components analysis. This learned basis (or "dictionary") is then employed to optimally estimate the underlying pixel values using a kernel regression framework. An iterated version of the proposed algorithm is also presented which leads to further performance enhancements. We also introduce a novel mechanism for optimally choosing the local patch size for each cluster using Stein's unbiased risk estimator (SURE). We illustrate the overall algorithm's capabilities with several examples. These indicate that the proposed method appears to be competitive with some of the most recently published state of the art denoising methods.
High-Gain Thompson-Scattering X-Ray Free-Electron Laser by Time-Synchronic Laterally Tilted Optical Wave (2013)

A novel approach to generating coherent x rays with 10(9)-10(10) photons and femtoseconds duration per laser pulse is proposed. This high intensity x-ray source is realized first by the pulse front tilt of a lateral fed laser to extend the electron-laser synchronic interaction time by several orders, which accomplishes the high-gain free-electron-laser-type exponential growth process and coherent emission with highly microbunched electron beam. Second, two methods are presented to enhance the effective optical undulator strength parameter. One is to invoke lenses to focus two counterpropagating lasers that are at normal incidence to the electron beam as a transverse standing wave; the other is to invent a periodic microstructure that can significantly enhance the center electromagnetic field realized by a resonant standing wave and the quadrupole waveguides. The energy coupling efficiency between the electron beam and laser is therefore greatly improved to generate the high brightness x rays, which is demonstrated by analytical and simulation results.
Sensitive detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by microsatellite analysis of cells exfoliated in urine (2001)

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common bladder tumor. Urine cytology can identify most high-grade tumors but sensitivity is lower if one includes lesions of all grades. Microsatellite marker alterations have been found in many tumor types including bladder cancer and have been used to detect cancer cells in body fluids including urine. The aim of our study is to further evaluate feasibility and sensitivity of microsatellite analysis to detect bladder cancer cells in urine. We studied 55 individuals: 21 with symptoms suggestive of bladder cancer, 23 patients with previous history of TCC and 11 healthy subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes, urine sediment, bladder washings and tumor or normal bladder mucosa. Twenty highly informative microsatellite markers were analyzed for loss of heterozigosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MIN) by polymerase chain reaction. Microsatellite analysis of urine identified 33 of 34 (97%) patients with either primary or tumor recurrence, whereas urine cytology identified 27 of 34 (79%) patients (p = 0.0001). Detection of microsatellite abnormalities improved the sensitivity of detecting low-grade and/or stage bladder tumor: from 75-95% for grades G1-G2 and from 75-100% for pTis-pTa tumors. Bladder washings from 25 patients were also analyzed, and in all cases results were identical to those obtained from voided urine. None of the 16 patients without evidence of TCC showed LOH and/or MIN in urine samples or bladder washings. Interestingly, in a patient with persistent bladder mucosa abnormalities, microsatellite alterations were demonstrated 8 months before the histopathologic diagnosis of tumor recurrence. These results further indicate that microsatellite marker analysis is more sensitive than conventional urine cytology in detecting bladder cancer cells in urine and represents a potential clinical tool for monitoring patients with low-grade/stage TCC.
Single-Shot MeV Transmission Electron Microscopy with Picosecond Temporal Resolution (2014)

A radical change to the electron source could improve by orders of magnitude the combined spatiotemporal resolution of ultrafast electron microscopy. The authors design and evaluate an instrument featuring a high-brightness MeV electron beam from an rf photoinjector. Being able to take snapshots at 1000 times the formerly highest rate would enable researchers to study nanoscale dynamical processes in real time.
A 20 k-to-100kS/s Sub-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>W 9.5b-ENOB Asynchronous SAR ADC for Energy-Harvesting Body Sensor Node SoCs in 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>m CMOS (2018)

This brief presents an asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for energy-harvesting body sensor node system-on-chips applications. To improve the power efficiencies of analog and digital blocks independently, a dual-supply voltage scheme is adopted, and a clock-to-Q delay compensator is proposed to realize the timing-calibration-free asynchronous operation with scalable supply voltages. For a maximum sampling rate of 20 kS/s, the SNDR is increased by 3 dB and the power consumption of the SAR logic is decreased by 37%, improving the FoMW by 26% with the analog and digital supply voltages of 0.6 V and 0.35 V, compared with the single supply of 0.4 V. To obtain a high effective number of bits (ENOB), the ADC exploits a current-biased dynamic comparator and a capacitive DAC with a modified partial common-centroid layout. With a DNL of +0.18/-0.2 LSB and an INL of +0.26/-0.25 LSB, the ADC achieves an ENOB of 9.64 bits at a sampling rate of 100 kS/s, exhibiting power consumption of 562 nW. The prototype ADC is fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS technology, occupying an area of 0.0468 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
CACI NETWORKS II.5@@@@ a computer and communications network simulator (1984)

NETWORK II.5 is a modelling tool that takes a user-specified computer system description and provides measures of hardware utilization, software execution and conflicts. It allows a user to quickly look at various computer system configurations and determine which one can best handle the required workload. It can model a wide variety of computer systems; from a single CPU system to a vast network of computers. It can model the portions of a design which are of special interest at a very fine level of detail while the rest of the system is modelled at a much higher level. It runs on most major computer systems and can be used after a short period of training.
Integration of Image Data for Refining Building Boundaries Derived from Point Clouds (2014)

Abstract. Geometrically and topologically correct 3D building models are required to satisfy with new demands such as 3D cadastre, map updating, and decision making. More attention on building reconstruction has been paid using Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) point cloud data. The planimetric accuracy of roof outlines, including step-edges is questionable in building models derived from only point clouds. This paper presents a new approach for the detection of accurate building boundaries by merging point clouds acquired by ALS and aerial photographs. It comprises two major parts: reconstruction of initial roof models from point clouds only, and refinement of their boundaries. A shortest closed circle (graph) analysis method is employed to generate building models in the first step. Having the advantages of high reliability, this method provides reconstruction without prior knowledge of primitive building types even when complex height jumps and various types of building roof are available. The accurate position of boundaries of the initial models is determined by the integration of the edges extracted from aerial photographs. In this process, scene constraints defined based on the initial roof models are introduced as the initial roof models are representing explicit unambiguous geometries about the scene. Experiments were conducted using the ISPRS benchmark test data. Based on test results, we show that the proposed approach can reconstruct 3D building models with higher geometrical (planimetry and vertical) and topological accuracy.
Studies on nucleic acids. VIII. Changes in the stability of DNA secondary structure by interaction with divalent metal ions (1966)

Abstract The melting temperature of a natural DNA is decreased in the presence of increasing amounts of copper ions, whereas other divalent metal ions stabilize the DNA secondary structure at low ionic strength. At 1.28 × 10 −4 M , Cu 2+ produces a decrease of T m depending on base composition. At very low Cu 2+ concentrations (0.5 Cu 2+ /2 DNA‐P) a stabilization of the DNA conformation appears due to an interaction between Cu 2+ and phosphate groups of the DNA molecule. In this case the normal trend of GC dependence of T m exists similar to that with Na + and Mg 2+ as counterions. If copper ions are in excess, the observed destabilization is stronger for DNAs rich in guanine plus cytosine than for those rich in adenine plus thymine. A sharp decrease of T m occurs between 0.5–0.8 Cu 2+ /2 DNA‐P and 1.5 Cu 2+ /2 DNA‐P. The breadth of the transition decreases at high Cu 2+ concentration with further addition of copper ions. Denaturation and renaturation experiments indicate that Cu 2+ ions exceeding the phosphate equivalents interact with the bases and reduce the forces of the DNA helix conformation. Evidence is presented, that the destabilization effect produced by Cu 2+ is possibly due to an interaction with guanine sites of the DNA molecule.
Models for Longitudinal Data: A Generalized Estimating Equation Approach (1988)

This article discusses extensions of generalized linear models for the analysis of longitudinal data. Two approaches are considered: subject-specific (SS) models in which heterogeneity in regression parameters is explicitly modelled; and population-averaged (PA) models in which the aggregate response for the population is the focus. We use a generalized estimating equation approach to fit both classes of models for discrete and continuous outcomes. When the subject-specific parameters are assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution, simple relationships between the PA and SS parameters are available. The methods are illustrated with an analysis of data on mother's smoking and children's respiratory disease.
Has Price Cap Regulation of U.K. Utilities Been a Success? (1997)

Price controls -- typically reviewed every five years in the United Kingdom -- have been controversial. The author traces the development of U.K. price controls and explains that the initial controls for electricity and water companies, based on underestimates of the companies' scope for reducing costs, turned out to be overly generous, allowing them high profits. While some analysts have suggested annual profit-sharing regulation, the practical problem is that annual profit-sharing would place a heavy information burden on firms and regulators and would weaken companies' incentives to lower costs. Although the utilities are still unpopular in the United Kingdom, most experts would be willing to defend the periodic price control system as one that gives companies an incentive to cut costs and return the gains to consumers after a short time. The high profits of the early 1990s were due largely to unanticipated, one-time productivity gains following privatization that are unlikely to be repeated. The established method for resetting price controls makes further "mistakes" unlikely.