gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the <i>TP53</i> Region and Susceptibility to Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2009)

The p53 protein is critical for multiple cellular functions including cell growth and DNA repair. We assessed whether polymorphisms in the region encoding TP53 were associated with risk of invasive ovarian cancer. The study population includes a total of 5,206 invasive ovarian cancer cases (2,829 of which were serous) and 8,790 controls from 13 case-control or nested case-control studies participating in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC). Three of the studies performed independent discovery investigations involving genotyping of up to 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the TP53 region. Significant findings from this discovery phase were followed up for replication in the other OCAC studies. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to generate posterior median per allele odds ratios (OR), 95% probability intervals (PI), and Bayes factors (BF) for genotype associations. Five SNPs showed significant associations with risk in one or more of the discovery investigations and were followed up by OCAC. Mixed effects analysis confirmed associations with serous invasive cancers for two correlated (r(2) = 0.62) SNPs: rs2287498 (median per allele OR, 1.30; 95% PI, 1.07-1.57) and rs12951053 (median per allele OR, 1.19; 95% PI, 1.01-1.38). Analyses of other histologic subtypes suggested similar associations with endometrioid but not with mucinous or clear cell cancers. This large study provides statistical evidence for a small increase in risk of ovarian cancer associated with common variants in the TP53 region.
Antiphospholipid antibody levels in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparations (2001)

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by various clinical manifestations and by elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies. Passive induction of APS by infusion of these antibodies has been demonstrated in animal models. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is one of the therapeutic options in APS. In this study, five commercially used preparations of IVIg were tested for the presence of elevated levels of cardiolipin, beta-glycoprotein-I, phosphatidylserine, antinuclear, and double-stranded DNA autoantibodies, as well as for lupus anticoagulant activity. The absence of abnormal elevated levels of any of these autoantibodies in five different IVIg preparations provides additional evidence for the safety of IVIg use in APS.
Heterosis Estimates for Measures of Reproductive Traits in Crossbred Boars (1980)

Data on 354 Duroc, Yorkshire and reciprocal cross boars were utilized for the estimation of heterosis for measures of reproductive traits in boars. Testis length and width of intact boars were measured at 56, 84, 112, 140 and 168 days of age. At 168 days, testes were excised and evaluated for paired testes width, right testis length and weight, sperm per gram of testis, total sperm in testes and weight and sperm counts of epididymides. Crossbred boars had heavier body weights (P<.05) and tended to have longer, wider testes at all ages. Excised testes of crossbred boars were larger (P<.01) and had higher (P<.05) numbers of sperm. Crossbred boars also had more sperm per gram of testis (P<.05), which may be considered a measure of efficiency of sperm production. Heterosis values for length, weight, total sperm, sperm per gram of right testis and combined width of testes were 8.5, 25.4, 33.7, 23.3 and 10.4%, respectively. Adjustment for body weight tended to decrease heterosis estimates, to 2.5, 8.1, 14.4, 15.1 and 4.5%, respectively. These results suggest that the larger testes and higher testes sperm counts of crossbred boars were due in part to an increase in activity of spermatogenic elements that are not associated with an increase in body weight. Heterosis values for epididymal sperm in the caput region were large, whereas heterosis values for sperm in the cauda region were small. This may suggest that crossbred boars were eliminating more sperm either through increased frequency of masturbation or increased sperm output per masturbation.
Measuring and interpreting organizational culture. (1990)

Organizational culture is an abstract, yet potent managerial concept. With roots in several disciplines, several perspectives and definitions of organizational culture have emerged. One perspective focuses on norms and expectations within the organization. In this article, the authors present a quantitative approach to measuring and interpreting organizational culture based on established norms and expected behavior.
Death Signal-induced Localization of p53 Protein to Mitochondria (2000)

The mechanism of p53-mediated apoptosis after cellular stress remains poorly understood. Evidence suggests that p53 induces cell death by a multitude of molecular pathways involving activation of target genes and transcriptionally independent direct signaling. Mitochondria play a key role in apoptosis. We show here that a fraction of p53 protein localizes to mitochondria at the onset of p53-dependent apoptosis but not during p53-independent apoptosis or p53-mediated cell cycle arrest. The accumulation of p53 to mitochondria is rapid (within 1 h after p53 activation) and precedes changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, and procaspase-3 activation. Immunoelectron microscopy and immuno-fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of isolated mitochondria show that the majority of mitochondrial p53 localizes to the membranous compartment, whereas a fraction is found in a complex with the mitochondrial import motor mt hsp70. After induction of ectopic p53 without additional DNA damage in p53-deficient cells, p53 again partially localizes to mitochondria, preceding the onset of apoptosis. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL abrogates stress signal-mediated mitochondrial p53 accumulation and apoptosis but not cell cycle arrest, suggesting a feedback signaling loop between p53 and mitochondrial apoptotic regulators. Importantly, bypassing the nucleus by targeting p53 to mitochondria using import leader fusions is sufficient to induce apoptosis in p53-deficient cells. We propose a model where p53 can contribute to apoptosis by direct signaling at the mitochondria, thereby amplifying the transcription-dependent apoptosis of p53.
Highly Modular Structure and Ligand Binding by Conformational Capture in a Minimalistic Riboswitch (2010)

Be prepared: The structure of an synthetic neomycin riboswitch RNA (N1) is investigated by NMR spectroscopy. A largely disordered free structural ensemble also contains a compact conformation that resembles the ligand-bound state thus suggesting a binding mechanism by conformational capture (see scheme, red=ligand).
Genetic programming in FPGA implementation of addition as a part of the convolution (2002)

In FPGAs, an addition should be carried out in the standard way employing ripple-carry adders (rather than carry-save adders), which complicates search for an optimal adder structure as routing order has a substantial influence on the addition cost. Further, complex parameters of inputs to the adder block have been considered e.g. correlation between inputs. These parameters are specified in different ways for different convolver architectures. Consequently optimisation of the adder tree is a key issue addressed in this paper. Simulated Annealing and Genetic Programming have been proposed, and obtained results compared with the Greedy Algorithm (GrA) and the Exhaustive Search (ES). As a result, the GrA is the best solution when computation time is of great importance. Otherwise, the Simulated Annealing should be employed for the number of addition inputs N>8, and the ES is recommended for N/spl les/8. Employing the Simulated Annealing gives about 10-20% area reduction in comparison to the GrA.
Evaluation of Alere i Influenza A&B for Rapid Detection of Influenza Viruses A and B (2014)

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza is important for infection control, as well as for patient management. Alere i Influenza A&B is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification-based integrated system for detection and differentiation of influenza virus A and influenza virus B. The performance of the Alere i Influenza A&B was screened using frozen nasopharyngeal-swab specimens collected in viral transport medium (VTM) that were originally tested fresh with the FilmArray Respiratory Panel (RP) assay during the 2012-2013 influenza outbreak. In total, 360 VTM specimens were selected for Alere i Influenza A&B testing: 40 influenza virus A H1N1-2009 (influenza virus A-1), 40 influenza virus A H3N2 (influenza virus A-3), 37 influenza virus A "equivocal" or "no subtype detected" (influenza virus A-u), 41 influenza virus B, and 202 influenza virus-negative specimens, as initially determined by the FilmArray RP assay. The Alere assay showed sensitivities of 87.2%, 92.5%, 25.0%, and 97.4% for influenza virus A-1, influenza virus A-3, influenza virus A-u, and influenza virus B, respectively, after discordant resolution by Prodesse ProFLU+ PCR. The specificities were 100% for both influenza virus A and influenza virus B. In general, the Alere i Influenza A&B provided good sensitivity, although the assay did show poorer sensitivity with samples determined to have low influenza virus A titers by Prodesse ProFlu+ PCR (a mean real-time PCR threshold cycle [CT] value of 31.9 ± 2.0), which included the majority of the samples called influenza virus A "equivocal" or "no subtype detected" by a single BioFire FilmArray RP test. The integrated, rapid, and simple characteristics of the Alere i Influenza A&B assay make it a potential candidate for point-of-care testing, with a test turnaround time of less than 15 min.
Synthetic sorbents for removal of sulfur dioxide in fluidized-bed coal combustors. [25 refs] (1977)

Synthetic sorbents have been investigated for use in place of limestone for SO/sub 2/ emission control in fluidized-bed coal combustors. Sorbents prepared by impregnation of porous alumina with alkali metal or alkaline earth oxides were studied. The most promising sorbent was found to be calcium oxide in alumina. However, the SO/sub 2/ reactivity of this synthetic sorbent was less than that for a moderately reactive limestone. Hence, a greater quantity of synthetic sorbent would be needed to meet SO/sub 2/ emission standards. The attrition resistance of this synthetic sorbent was found to be greater than that of natural stones; therefore, a larger number of cycles of use would be expected. It is estimated that the use of this synthetic sorbent would reduce the amount of waste sorbent to about one-sixth the amount expected using a moderately reactive once-through limestone. The cost of using this synthetic sorbent is estimated to be about three and a half times the cost expected using once-through limestone. This cost is considered to be too large in view of the expected modest decrease in environmental impact. The synthetic sorbents developed in this study are therefore not considered viable alternatives for limestone in fluidized-bed coal combustors.
1-2 GHz high-power linear transistor amplifier (1972)

The development of an octave bandwidth, linear 1O-W amplifier using MIC techniques will be described. The amplifier consists of three hybrid-coupled balanced stages using ballasted transistors in special microstrip carriers.
Deformable models and the analysis of medical images. (1997)

Deformable models are a popular and vigorously researched model-based approach to computer-assisted medical image analysis. The widely recognized efficacy of deformable models stem from their ability to segment, match and track images of anatomic structures by exploiting (bottom-up) constraints derived from the image data together with (top-down) a priori knowledge about the location, size and shape of structures of interest. Deformable models are capable of accommodating the often significant variability of biological structures over time and across different individuals. Furthermore, they support highly intuitive interaction mechanisms that allow medical scientists and practitioners to bring their expertise to bear on the model-based image interpretation task as necessary. In this paper we will review deformable models and present some recent developments in the methodology, including topologically adaptable deformable models, an approach that permits segmentation and reconstruction of topologically complex anatomical structures.
Shaped inputs for a multimode system (2002)

A method for limiting vibration in flexible systems that have more than one characteristic frequency and mode is presented. It is only necessary to have knowledge of the component mode frequencies and damping ratios in order to be able to calculate the timing and magnitudes of the impulse sequence used in the shaping. Only two impulses, in the nonrobust case, or three impulses, in a more robust case, are necessary regardless of the number of component frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Induction of protooncogene fos by extracellular signals in primary glial cell cultures (1989)

In the present study various extracellular factors, acting through different second messenger systems, were examined for their capacity to increase the level of c-fos mRNA in primary glial cell cultures. In particular EGF, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, and the glutamate agonists, ibotenic and quisqualic acid, were studied. All the extracellular stimuli tested induced a rapid and transient increase in c-fos mRNA level in glial cell cultures regardless of the signal transduction pathway and the final effect on cell proliferation.
BioPortal: enhanced functionality via new Web services from the National Center for Biomedical Ontology to access and use ontologies in software applications (2011)

The National Center for Biomedical Ontology (NCBO) is one of the National Centers for Biomedical Computing funded under the NIH Roadmap Initiative. Contributing to the national computing infrastructure, NCBO has developed BioPortal, a web portal that provides access to a library of biomedical ontologies and terminologies (http://bioportal.bioontology.org) via the NCBO Web services. BioPortal enables community participation in the evaluation and evolution of ontology content by providing features to add mappings between terms, to add comments linked to specific ontology terms and to provide ontology reviews. The NCBO Web services (http://www.bioontology.org/wiki/index.php/NCBO_REST_services) enable this functionality and provide a uniform mechanism to access ontologies from a variety of knowledge representation formats, such as Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) format. The Web services provide multi-layered access to the ontology content, from getting all terms in an ontology to retrieving metadata about a term. Users can easily incorporate the NCBO Web services into software applications to generate semantically aware applications and to facilitate structured data collection.
Ellipsometric investigation of rough zinc arsenide epilayers (2002)

We report single-wavelength ellipsometric measurements of the complex index of refraction of rough Zn3As2 films on InP substrates. What we believe to be a novel technique, based on surface roughness measurements by atomic-force microscopy, is discussed to extract useful information from the ellipsometry results. The anticipated presence of a thin oxide layer is confirmed by Auger electron spectroscopy.
The Effect of Exercise, Prewrap, and Athletic Tape on the Maximal Active and Passive Ankle Resistance to Ankle Inversion (1997)

This investigation explored alternatives to the null hypotheses that maximal active and passive resistance to inversion developed by a near-maximally inverted and weightbearing ankle is not altered by 1) the use of prophylactic adhesive athletic tape, 2) the use of non-adhesive prewrap (underwrap), or 3) 40 minutes of vigorous exercise. Ten healthy men and 10 healthy women (mean age, 25 +/- 3 years) with no recent ankle injuries underwent testing to determine maximal ankle resistance to inversion under unipedal, weightbearing conditions. Tests were performed with and without the support of athletic tape, and before and after 40 minutes of exercise. Half the testing sessions were performed with prewrap under the tape. At 15 degrees of inversion, without any external ankle support, healthy young men and women could maximally resist a mean (SD) inversion moment of 52.9 (6.4) N-m and 28.3 (5.8) N-m, respectively. Although use of ankle tape provided a 10% increase in maximal resistance to inversion moments, this increase diminished to insignificant levels after 40 minutes of vigorous exercise. Use of prewrap improved maximal resistance to inversion by more than 10%.
Block Copolymer Systems: From Single Chain to Self-Assembled Nanostructures (2010)

Recent advances in the field of macromolecular engineering applied to the fabrication of nanostructured materials using block copolymer chains as elementary building blocks are described in this feature article. By highlighting some of our work in the area and accounting for the contribution of other groups, we discuss the relationship between the physical-chemical properties of copolymer chains and the characteristics of nano-objects originating from their self-assembly in solution and in bulk, with emphasis on convenient strategies that allow for the control of composition, functionality, and topology at different levels of sophistication. In the case of micellar nanoparticles in solution, in particular, we present approaches leading to morphology selection via macromolecular architectural design, the functionalization of external solvent-philic shells with biomolecules (polysaccharides and proteins), and the maximization of micelle loading capacity by the suitable choice of solvent-phobic polymer segments. The fabrication of nanomaterials mediated by thin block copolymer films is also discussed. In this case, we emphasize the development of novel polymer chain manipulation strategies that ultimately allow for the preparation of precisely positioned nanodomains with a reduced number of defects via block-selective chemical reactivity. The challenges facing the soft matter community, the urgent demand to convert huge public and private investments into consumer products, and future possible directions in the field are also considered herein.
Effectiveness and Mechanisms of Defluorination of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances by Calcium Compounds during Waste Thermal Treatment (2015)

The mineralization of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) by calcium compounds during the waste thermal treatment was systemically studied. Different calcium compounds showed different mineralization efficiencies of PFASs during the thermal process, owing to the different reaction mechanisms. Calcium hydroxide was recommended as the most effective Ca reagent for PFAS defluorination because the carbon-fluorine bonds in PFASs can be converted to carbon-hydrogen bonds via the hydrodefluorination reaction. PFASs with different chain lengths and functional groups were further investigated for their potentially different mineralization behavior. The results showed that the chain length of PFASs had an insignificant effect on the mineralization efficiency by calcium hydroxide. The thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) also revealed that perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) (with different chain lengths) had a similar thermal behavior. However, PFASs with different functional groups showed different mineralization behavior with calcium hydroxide in relation to their different thermal decomposition temperatures. Finally, the mineralization ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles by calcium hydroxide could reach 80% or higher when the temperature was above 400 °C. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) results demonstrated much reduced production of gaseous fluorocarbon fragments during PTFE decomposition when coexisting with calcium hydroxide.
Regression of recurrent glioblastoma infiltrating the brainstem after convection-enhanced delivery of nimustine hydrochloride (2011)

This 13-year-old boy with a history of cranial irradiation for the CNS recurrence of acute lymphocytic leukemia developed a glioblastoma in the right cerebellum. Resection and chemo- and radiotherapy induced remission of the disease. However, recurrence was noted in the brainstem region 8 months later. Because no effective treatment was available for this recurrent lesion, the authors decided to use convection-enhanced delivery (CED) to infuse nimustine hydrochloride. On stereotactic insertion of the infusion cannula into the brainstem lesion, CED of nimustine hydrochloride was performed with real-time MR imaging to monitor the co-infused chelated gadolinium. The patient's preinfusion symptom of diplopia disappeared after treatment. Follow-up MR imaging revealed the response of the tumor. The authors report on a case of recurrent glioblastoma infiltrating the brainstem that regressed after CED of nimustine hydrochloride.
Enhanced Electrical Conductivity in Polystyrene Nanocomposites at Ultra-Low Graphene Content (2011)

We compared the electrical conductivity of multiwalled-carbon-nanotube/polystyrene and graphene/polystyrene composites. The conductivity of polystyrene increases from ∼6.7 × 10(-14) to ∼3.49 S/m, with an increase in graphene content from ∼0.11 to ∼1.1 vol %. This is ∼2-4 orders of magnitude higher than for multiwalled-carbon-nanotube/polystyrene composites. Furthermore, we show that the conductivity of the graphene/polystyrene system can be significantly enhanced by incorporation of polylactic acid. The volume-exclusion principle forces graphene into the polystyrene-rich regions (selective localization) and generates ∼4.5-fold decrease in its percolation threshold from ∼0.33 to ∼0.075 vol %.
A bandwidth friendly search engine (2003)

The Internet plays host to many millions of documents and images and is increasing in size all the time. As a result locating web content is becoming increasingly difficult for users, and search traffic from users and spiders is increasing rapidly. A directory of the contents of the emerging cache hierarchy would be more complete than existing tools and avoid the need for spider traffic. However it is also essential to minimise the user traffic. A promising approach is to encourage users to refine their queries through categories. Automatic categorisation of a cache directory is demonstrated, and an adaptive categorisation scheme is proposed.
Coronaviruses: Structure and Genome Expression (1988)

Introduction. Progress in coronavirology is illustrated by the number of workshops convened and reviews written. International meetings have been held in Germany (1980), the Netherlands (1983) and the U.S.A. (1986), and the Fourth Coronavirus Symposium will be organized by one of us (D.C.) in Cambridge, U.K. in July 1989. In addition, reviews have appeared which highlighted particularly interesting characteristics of the family, e.g. the replication strategy (Lai, 1986) and the glycoproteins (Sturman & Holmes, 1985). As the last general accounts were published some 5 years ago (Siddell et al., 1983; Sturman & Holmes, 1983) an update is timely. The present article is based on the large amount of sequence data accumulated in these years and focuses on the viral nucleic acids and proteins and their function. Coronaviruses cause infections in man, other mammals and birds. Most experimental data have been obtained from studies of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and infectious bronchitis virus of chickens (IBV).