gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat shock protein synthesis and cell survival in clones of normal and simian virus 40-transformed mouse embryo cells. (1984)

Exposure to hyperthermia induces the synthesis of a set of highly conserved polypeptides known as heat shock proteins (HSPs) in cells of most organisms. Since it has been suggested that these proteins may enhance cell survival by protecting cells from heat-inflicted damage, we studied the synthesis of the major HSPs (Mr 70,000 and 85,000) in clones of normal and SV40-transformed mouse embryo cells. These transformed cells had higher basal HSP levels and consistently synthesized the major HSPs at a higher rate both at physiological temperature and after exposure to heat shock (43-45 degrees). Parallel determination of cell survival showed that the transformed cells were, nevertheless, more susceptible to killing by hyperthermia than were their normal counterparts. Therefore, we conclude that the higher intrinsic resistance of the normal cells to killing by heat is not directly related to basal HSP levels or to the degree to which synthesis of these proteins is induced following exposure to hyperthermia. Considering the abnormal energy metabolism of transformed cells and the known sensitivity of HSP synthesis to energy source restriction, we hypothesize that both basal HSP levels and their induction by heat shock are related to alterations in energy metabolism.
Superparamagnetic Polymer Nanocomposites with Uniform Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticle Dispersions (2005)

Abstract Magnetic nanoparticles embedded in polymer matrices are good examples of functional nanostructures with excellent potential for applications such as electromagnetic interference shielding, magneto‐optical storage, biomedical sensing, flexible electronics, etc. Control over the dispersion of the nanoparticle phase embedded in a polymer matrix is critical and often challenging. To achieve excellent dispersion, competition between polymer–polymer and polymer–particle interactions have to be balanced to avoid clustering of particles in polymer nanocomposites. We report the first deposition of magnetic nanocomposite poly(methyl methacrylate)/polypyrrole bilayers from solution using spin‐coating. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles have been synthesized using a chemical co‐precipitation route. Using a combination of dissolving the polymer and mixing fatty acid surfactant coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, we have demonstrated the formation of nanocomposites with uniform nanoparticle dispersion. Cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements confirm the excellent dispersion and superparamagnetic response. Low‐frequency impedance measurements on these bilayers are also presented and analyzed.
Recognize The Similarity Between Shapes Under Affine Transformation (2005)

This paper presents new techniques for recog:nition of similarity between shapes under affine transformation. We introduce the canonical form of a shape and give a linear algorithm for transforming a shape to its canonical form. The recognition of similarity between shapes under affine transforination can he done by computing the difference between their canonical forms. Our approach reduces the similarity recognition1 under affine transformation from a search problem in six dimensional space into one dimensional search problem. Furtherm'ore, we apply these techniques to recognition of objects under similarity transformation and problem of point matching. We obtain a linear algorithm for object recognition under similarily transformation and a linear average time algorithm for point matching under affine transformation. Some experimental results are reported.
Gibbs Free Energy of Protein-Protein Interactions reflects tumor stage (2015)

Abstract The sequential changes occurring with cancer progression are now being harnessed with therapeutic intent. Yet, there is no understanding of the chemical thermodynamics of proteomic changes associated with cancer progression/cancer stage. This manuscript reveals a strong correlation of a chemical thermodynamic measure (known as Gibbs free energy) of protein-protein interaction networks for several cancer types and 5-year overall survival and stage in patients with cancer. Earlier studies have linked degree entropy of signaling networks to patient survival data, but not with stage. It appears that Gibbs free energy is a more general metric and accounts better for the underlying energetic landscape of protein expression in cells, thus correlating with stage as well as survival. This is an especially timely finding because of improved ability to obtain and analyze genomic/proteomic information from individual patients. Yet, at least at present, only candidate gene imaging (FISH or immunohistochemistry) can be used for entropy computations. With continually expanding use of genomic information in clinical medicine, there is an ever-increasing need to understand the thermodynamics of protein-protein interaction networks.
Gait-based recognition of humans using continuous HMMs (2003)

Gait is a spatio-temporal phenomenon that typifies the motion characteristics of an individual. In this paper, we propose a view-based approach to recognize humans through gait. The width of the outer contour of the binarized silhouette of a walking person is chosen as the image feature. A set of stances or key frames that occur during the walk cycle of an individual is chosen. Euclidean distances of a given image from this stance set are computed and a lower-dimensional observation vector is generated. A continuous hidden Markov model (HMM) is trained using several such lower-dimensional vector sequences extracted from the video. This methodology serves to compactly capture structural and transitional features that are unique to an individual. The statistical nature of the HMM renders overall robustness to gait representation and recognition. The human identification performance of the proposed scheme is found to be quite good when tested in natural walking conditions.
Loss analysis and efficiency optimization of buck converter in wireless charging system for EVs (2017)

In order to optimize the efficiency of Buck converter in wireless charging system for EVs and further the efficiency of whole system, the loss model is established and analyzed in this paper. The load characteristics of Buck converter in wireless charging system is analyzed and then the relationships between switching frequency and efficiency in different load characteristics are derived and switching frequency is optimized finally.
Differential Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxide Anion on Apoptosis and Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1997)

Different reactive oxygen species exert distinct effects on VSMCs, with O2- inducing proliferation and H2O2 causing apoptosis. Thus, reactive oxygen species might participate in atherosclerosis, restenosis, and hypertension in a dual manner by stimulating proliferation and triggering apoptosis of VSMCs.
Advances in the molecular and serological diagnosis of invasive fungal infection in haemato‐oncology patients (2004)

Current laboratory diagnostic methods for invasive fungal infection (IFI) in haemato-oncology patients are insensitive, resulting in late diagnosis and contributing to high mortality. In recent years, progress has been made in the development and evaluation of sensitive sero-diagnostic assays, including detection of genomic DNA sequences and fungal antigens, which aid in a rapid, early diagnosis of IFI. The sensitivity and specificity of the assays vary considerably between studies, highlighting the need to correlate serological results with conventional laboratory tests and clinical or radiological findings. As part of management protocols, these assays may help to confirm the diagnosis of suspected IFI; however, the impact on mortality from IFI may be greatest when they are used to screen high-risk patients. Persistently positive screening results could direct early aggressive antifungal therapy, guided further by radiological and microbiological findings combined with regular clinical review, while the excellent negative predictive value may allow treatment to be withheld in patients with antibiotic resistant neutropenic fever but no other signs of IFI. However, this pre-emptive approach requires evaluation in prospective randomized trials.
A novel cell charge evaluation scheme and test method for 4 Mb nonvolatile ferroelectric RAM (2003)

This paper proposes a novel method to evaluate the real cell ferroelectric capacitor with 4 Mb nonvolatile ferroelectric RAM which has a Cell Charge Evaluation Scheme (CCES). The charge value and the distribution of the memory cell ferroelectric capacitor can be evaluated by the CCES. Additionally, it can easily screen out weak bits which have smaller charges than normal cells by using the CCES as a bit-line reference voltage generator.
Preparation and magnetic properties of CoWO<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals (2012)

Abstract Cobalt tungstate (CoWO 4 ) nanocrystals with an average size of 20–50 nm were synthesized via a template‐ or surfactant‐free hydrothermal route. The crystal structure and morphology of the as‐synthesized CoWO 4 sample were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic measurements on the as‐synthesized CoWO 4 nanocrystals indicate a Néel temperature ( T N ) of ∼40 K. This lower T N may be a result of the nanostructured particles that reduce the exchange coupling. The new synthetic route presented in this paper has potential applications to fabricate other metal tungstates (MWO 4 ) materials.
Sponsored Search Auctions (2007)

One of the more visible means by which the Internet has disrupted traditional activity is the manner in which advertising is sold. Offline, the price for advertising is typically set by negotiation or posted price. Online, much advertising is sold via auction. Most prominently, Web search engines like Google and Yahoo! auction space next to search results, a practice known as sponsored search. This chapter describes the auctions used and how the theory developed in earlier chapters of this book can shed light on their properties. We close with a brief discussion of unresolved issues associated with the sale of advertising on the Internet.
Simulation Based Machine Learning for Fault Detection in Complex Systems Using the Functional Failure Identification and Propagation Framework (2014)

Fault detection and identification in mechatronic systems with complex interdependencies between subsystems is a very active research area. Various alternative quantitative and qualitative methods have been proposed in the literature for fault identification on industrial processes, making it difficult for researchers and industrial practitioners to choose a method for their application. The Functional Failure Identification and Propagation (FFIP) framework has been proposed in past research for risk assessment of early complex system designs. FFIP is a versatile framework which has been extended in prior work to automatically evaluate sets of alternative system designs, perform sensitivity analysis, and event trees generation from critical event scenario simulation results. This paper’s contribution is an FFIP extension, used to generate the training and testing data sets needed to develop fault detection systems based on data driven machine learning methods. The methodology is illustrated with a case study of a generic nuclear power plant where a fault or the location of a fault within the system is identified. Two fault detection methods are compared, based on an artificial neural network and a decision tree. The case study results show that the decision tree was more meaningful as a model and had better detection accuracy (97% success in identification of fault location).
A 2-center comparison of orthodontist's perceptions of orthodontic treatment difficulty. (2001)

The aim of this study was to determine which factors correlate with easy and difficult treatments and to assess the use of the Index of Complexity, Outcome & Need (ICON) as an indicator for treatment difficulty. The study was conducted at 2 centers using a retrospective cross-sectional questionnaire-based design. The participants were specialist orthodontic practitioners in Dresden, Germany and Cardiff, UK. Sixteen specialist orthodontists participated. Each supplied 10 completed cases--5 they regarded as being easy and 5 as being difficult. The specialist orthodontists completed a questionnaire and stated up to 5 reasons why they considered the case easy or difficult. Two examiners were calibrated in the use of the ICON. Logistic regression analysis using a forward conditional systematic model with complexity of case (ie, easy or difficult) as the dependent variable demonstrated statistical significance of the following patient-related factors: pretreatment ICON score, number of appointments, and age. Chi-squared testing demonstrated statistical significance of the following factors: cooperation, extent of overbite, presence of dysfunction, extent of overjet, anchorage, angulation of teeth, presence of crossbite, center-line shift, nonextraction treatment, age at start of treatment, compliance during the course of treatment, oral hygiene level. This study indicates that the main distinguishing factors between easy and difficult cases appear to be pretreatment age, number of appointments, and pretreatment ICON score. However, the odds ratios were not sufficiently high for these factors to be strong predictors of difficulty.
The expression of differentiation by chick embryo thyroid in cell culture. I. Functional and fine structural stability in mass and clonal culture (1970)

Abstract The stability of glandular epithelial cells has been investigated utilizing the techniques of cell culture. Embryonic chick thyroid was chosen as a representative cell type and methods were developed for the successful clonal culture of thyroid follicular cells. Thyroid cells were found to be morphologically and functionally stable while undergoing rapid division in both dense (monolayer) and dilute (clonal) cell culture. Differentiated features were retained for a minimum of 32 days of primary clonal culture (approximately 17 generations under clonal conditions). During the culture period, the cells retained their epithelial morphology, retained their cytoplasmic rough endoplasmic reticulum, and continued to produce chromatographically detectable thyroid hormones. Hormone production in culture was a specific thyroid characteristic since control cultures of embryonic heart and liver did not contain the hormones.
Heart failure associated with sunitinib malate (2008)

These observations suggested that sunitinib-associated heart failure may represent a potentially serious toxicity and underscore the need for careful monitoring of cardiac function and aggressive control of hypertension in these patients. Studies to elucidate potential mechanisms of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction resulting from treatment with sunitinib are necessary to develop strategies for prevention and treatment of this complication.
How Important are the First 3 Years of Life? (1999)

(1999). How Important are the First 3 Years of Life? Applied Developmental Science: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 235-238.
Direct observation of fullerene-adsorbed tips by scanning tunneling microscopy (1996)

We have succeeded in imaging individual C60 molecules that have been adsorbed onto the tunneling region of a scanning tunneling microscopy tip. The individual tip-adsorbed molecules are imaged by scanning the fullerene-adsorbed tip over a defect covered graphite surface. The defects are generated by low energy argon ion bombardment and protrude from the graphite surface. These nanometer-size defects serve as a surface tip array which inverse images the molecules adsorbed to the tip when the surface is scanned.
The Class B Scavenger Receptor CD36 Mediates Free Radical Production and Tissue Injury in Cerebral Ischemia (2005)

The class B scavenger receptor CD36 is involved in the cytotoxicity associated with inflammation, but its role in the inflammatory reaction that accompanies cerebral ischemia has not been examined. In this study, we investigated whether CD36 contributes to the brain damage produced by cerebral ischemia. The middle cerebral artery was transiently occluded in wild-type mice and in mice deficient in CD36. In wild-type mice, CD36 protein expression was increased in the ischemic brain, such that it was located predominantly in cells expressing the microglia/macrophage marker CD11b. The infarct produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion was 49% smaller in CD36-null mice than in wild-type controls, an effect associated with improved neurological function. The attenuation in brain injury in CD36 nulls could not be attributed to differences in cerebral blood flow during ischemia-reperfusion. However, the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by cerebral ischemia was markedly attenuated in CD36-null mice in the early stage after reperfusion. The data unveil a previously unrecognized role of CD36 in ischemia-induced ROS production and brain injury. Modulation of CD36 signaling may provide a new strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Data Management in Grid Applications Providers (2005)

The application service provider (ASP) model is a valuable candidate to provide simple computing grid access. In this model, users submit requests to execute already deployed applications on their own data. In this context, finding a good server to execute a request is not the only way to increase performances. As the size of the data may be huge, it is also mandatory to avoid useless data transfers between client and servers. Most of existing ASP platforms provide data management services to facilitate and to improve executions by automatically distributing and transferring data. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it presents an efficient data persistence policy for ASP architectures and particularly for the DIET platform. Second, it proposes a parallel (not a comparison) of this service with the NetSolve data management model. The NetSolve approach provides two services to manage data inside the platform: the distributed storage infrastructure, used to provide data transfer and storage and the request sequencing used to decrease network traffic amongst client and servers. The DIET data management model is based on two key points: the data identifiers and the data tree manager (DTM). To avoid multiple transmissions of the same data from a client to a server, the DTM allows to leave data inside the platform after computations while data identifiers are used further by the client to reference its data. In the remainder, we show how these different approaches lead to different programming models and execution performances on the client side.
Devices and circuits for bipolar (V)LSI (1981)

It is shown that bipolar circuits can continue to play an important role in high-performance LSI and VLSI circuits, because power supply voltages and logic swings can be minimized independently of dimensions, and because the speed degradation due to on-chip wiring capacitances is less severe than in MOSFET/MESFET types of circuit. General performance improvements (in speed and packing density) of logic gates are obtained by increasing transistor f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> , and decreasing parasitic capacitances, series resistances and device areas, by using oxide isolation, self-aligned techniques and polysilicon electrodes. Fast switching diodes (such as Schottky barrier diodes and lateral polydiodes) improve the flexibility of circuit design. Logic circuits (such as I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L, LS, DTL, ISL, STL, ECL, and NTL), which already perform in LSI and VLSI circuits or are realistic proposals for them, are discussed.
The Coactivator Function of<i>Arabidopsis</i>NPR1 Requires the Core of Its BTB/POZ Domain and the Oxidation of C-Terminal Cysteines (2006)

NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) regulates systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis thaliana, and current models propose that after treatment with salicylic acid (SA), Cys-82 and Cys-216 of NPR1 are reduced, leading to nuclear import. The interaction of nucleus-localized NPR1 with TGA transcription factors results in the activation of defense genes, including the SAR marker PATHOGENESIS-RELATED-1 (PR-1), and the deployment of SAR. Little is known about how TGA factors or NPR1 regulate transcription or whether a TGA-NPR1 complex forms on DNA. We show that TGA2 and NPR1 are recruited to PR-1 independently of each other and of SA treatment. Consistent with the result that a triple knockout in TGA2/5/6 derepresses PR-1, in vivo plant transcription assays revealed that TGA2 is not an autonomous transcription activator but is a transcriptional repressor in both untreated and SA-treated cells. However, after stimulation with SA, TGA2 is incorporated into a transactivating complex with NPR1, forming an enhanceosome that requires the core of the NPR1 BTB/POZ domain (residues 80 to 91) and the oxidation of NPR1 Cys-521 and Cys-529. These Cys residues are found in a new type of transactivation domain that we term Cys-oxidized. These data further our understanding of the mechanism by which TGA2 and NPR1 activate Arabidopsis PR-1.
Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformations of Two Three‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers through Regioselective [2+2] Photodimerization Reactions (2010)

The crystal method: Single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformations of two 3D coordination polymers, {[Zn4(μ3-OH)2(5-sipa)2(1,4-bpeb)2]⋅4 H2O}n (see picture; C pale blue, N dark blue, H green) and an analogous cadmium species, gave rise to corresponding linked 3D coordination polymers through photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reactions. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Surface activity of foam fractions of a calcium lignosulphonate (1982)

Abstract Successive foam fractionation has been used to divide a processed calcium lignosulphonate into tractions differing appreciably in surface activity. Static surface tension has been measured by the de Nouy tensiometer and surface tension aging by the sessile bubble (photographic) method. The effect of concentration on surface tension has been determined. The effect of pH at 1% concentration on dynamic surface tension has been determined on freshly prepared solutions.