gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The conjugation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) to small peptides for generating multifunctional supramolecular nanofibers/hydrogels (2013)

Here we report supramolecular hydrogelators made of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and small peptides. The covalent linkage of Phe-Phe and NSAIDs results in conjugates that self-assemble in water to form molecular nanofibers as the matrices of hydrogels. When the NSAID is naproxen (1), the resultant hydrogelator 1a forms a hydrogel at a critical concentration (cgc) of 0.2 wt % at pH 7.0. Hydrogelator 1a, also acting as a general motif, enables enzymatic hydrogelation in which the precursor turns into a hydrogelator upon hydrolysis catalyzed by a phosphatase at physiological conditions. The conjugates of Phe-Phe with other NSAIDs, such as (R)-flurbiprofen (2), racemic flurbiprofen (3), and racemic ibuprofen (4), are able to form molecular hydrogels, except in the case of aspirin (5). After the conjugation with the small peptides, NSAIDs exhibit improved selectivity to their targets. In addition, the peptides made of D-amino acids help preserve the activities of NSAIDs. Besides demonstrating that common NSAIDs are excellent candidates to promote aromatic-aromatic interaction in water to form hydrogels, this work contributes to the development of functional molecules that have dual or multiple roles and ultimately may lead to new molecular hydrogels of therapeutic agents for topical use.
Nanostructured tantala as a template for enhanced osseointegration (2008)

The goal of current dental and orthopedic biomaterials research is to design implants that induce controlled and guided tissue growth, and rapid healing. In addition to acceleration of normal wound healing phenomena, these implants should result in the formation of a characteristic interfacial layer with adequate biomechanical properties. To achieve these goals, however, a better understanding of events at the bone-material interface is needed, as well as the development of new materials and approaches that promote osseointegration. Here we present novel nanostructured nanoarrays from tantala that can promote cell adhesion and differentiation. Our results suggest that tantala nanotube arrays enhance osteoblast cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The routes of fabrication of tantala nanotube arrays are flexible and cost-effective, enabling realization of desired platform topologies on existing non-planar orthopedic implants.
An Efficient Method for N-Formylation of Amines Using Natural HEU Zeolite at Room Temperature Under Solvent-Free Conditions (2012)

A rapid and practical green route for N-formylation of primary and secondary amines with formic acid at room temperature under the solvent-free conditions using HEU zeolite as a heterogeneous, reusable and highly efficient catalyst is described. The process is remarkably simple and environmentally benign. Excellent chemoselectivity was observed for the conversion of primary amines in the presence of secondary amines.
Identification of nonlinear systems using the Wiener model (1977)

An algorithm for the identification of nonlinear systems which can be described by a Wiener model consisting of a linear system followed by a single-valued nonlinearity is presented. Crossconolation techniques are employed to decouple the identification of the linear dynamics from the characterisation of the nonlinear element.
The Prospect of STT-RAM Scaling From Readability Perspective (2012)

Due to its fast access time, high integration density, nonvolatility and good CMOS compatibility, Spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) becomes one promising technology for the memory hierarchy of the next-generation computing systems. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to reduce the switching current of magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) for write performance and energy improvement. However, the success of write current reduction makes the STT-RAM read stability issue more prominent during the scaling of STT-RAM: following the decrease in MTJ switching current, the read current must scale accordingly to keep the disturbance on the MTJ resistance state at a minimum level. If the MTJ resistance and/or TMR values do not increase proportionally, the effective sense margin of STT-RAM will degrade, leading to a higher sensing error rate. In this work, we quantitatively analyzed the impacts of existing MTJ scaling rule on the readability STT-RAM, including both read disturbance and sensing errors. We also presented the importance of selecting an optimal read current for maintaining the readability of STT-RAM under the current scaling trend.
Unloading joints to treat osteoarthritis, including joint distraction (2006)

To improve patient function and possibly reduce disease progression, a biomechanical approach should be considered in treating patients with osteoarthritis. Further research (appropriate high-quality clinical trials) and analysis (clinical as well as preclinical and fundamental) are still necessary, however, to understand, validate, and refine the different approaches of unloading to treat osteoarthritis.
Modular hemiarthroplasty for fractures of the proximal part of the humerus. (1992)

A new biomodular prosthesis was used for the treatment of a displaced fracture of the proximal part of the humerus in twenty-two shoulders in twenty-two patients. The fractures were classified according to the Neer system; there were thirteen four-part, five three-part, and four head-splitting fractures. There were fifteen women and seven men, and the mean age was seventy years (range, forty-nine to eighty-seven years). The hemiarthroplasty was performed an average of eleven days (range, one to forty-five days) after the injury. The deltopectoral interval was used in all patients, and the prosthesis was implanted with cement in twenty of the shoulders. All of the patients participated in a supervised program of rehabilitation. The patients were followed for an average of thirty-six months (range, twenty-six to forty-nine months). Twenty of the twenty-two patients had a good or excellent result. The active forward elevation averaged 119 degrees; external rotation, 40 degrees; and internal rotation, to the twelfth thoracic vertebra. All of the patients except for the two who had a poor result had satisfactory relief of pain. The two patients who had a poor result had a successful revision with a modular prosthesis of the same design. The modular head could be removed, enabling the surgeon to gain access to the glenoid and to adjust the soft tissues. The over-all scores correlated inversely with the age of the patients and the interval from the injury to the operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Identifying Individual Differences: A Cognitive Styles Tool (2012)

Although One-Stop Career Centers are mandated to promote client-centered services, patrons are ordinarily funneled through a standard procedure. Adult education principles suggest that these centers should be learner-centered and address individual differences. Therefore, the purpose of the this study was to describe the interaction of the cognitive styles of decision-making styles, ways of knowing approaches, and learning strategy preferences of customers of Workforce Oklahoma, a One-Stop Career Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma. To do this, data were collected from 255 customers at the center using the General Decision-Making Survey (GDMS), the Attitude Toward Thinking and Learning Survey (ATTLS), and Assessing The Learning Strategies of AdultS (ATLAS). While no interaction was found among these three cognitive processes using discriminant analysis, three naturally-occurring groups were found with cluster analysis for each decision-making styles and ways of knowing. Collectively, these findings were used to created a practitioner tool called AID: Addressing Individual Differences.
Is MySpace a Good Kids' Space? A Look at the Implications of the January 2008 MySpace -- Attorneys General Agreement Concerning Online Age Verification (2008)

In January of 2008, the popular socialnetworking website MySpace made an agreement with the Attorneys General of forty-nine states.This agreement followed pressure for MySpace to address the issue of sexual predators engaging minor users of MySpace.In the agreement, MySpace agreed to, among other things, investigate the possible implementation of age verification.Age verification would involve MySpace creating an e-mail registry that contained the e-mail addresses of minors.These addresses would be sent in by parents who did not want their children to have MySpace accounts.The age verification solution has its proponents and its critics.Proponents hail it as a way to make children safer online.Critics feel age verification would not sufficiently protect children and also worry about the ramifications of keeping information about minors in a potentially breachable database.Some of those who feel that age verification will prove an inadequate solution to the problem of children's online safety advocate educating families about the Internet and promoting industry self-regulation.These implementations would achieve the goals that age verification advocates desire without the pitfalls that accompany age verification.
Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2010)

This review confirms the benefits of using fluoride toothpaste in preventing caries in children and adolescents when compared to placebo, but only significantly for fluoride concentrations of 1000 ppm and above. The relative caries preventive effects of fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations increase with higher fluoride concentration. The decision of what fluoride levels to use for children under 6 years should be balanced with the risk of fluorosis.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Reflects Periodontal Healing/Recurrent Inflammation Phases in Chronic Periodontitis Patients (2008)

Background: Roles for host enzymes as diagnostic indicators of periodontal status in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have been proposed. One of these host enzymes is alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the GCF activity of which has been associated with periodontal inflammation. Thus, the present study aimed to improve our understanding of how the healing of chronic periodontitis following scaling and root planing (SRP) affects GCF ALP activity after 15 and 60 days. Methods: Sixteen systemically healthy subjects (aged 35 to 61 years) with moderate to advanced generalized chronic periodontitis were recruited. In each subject, paired pockets with probing depths (PDs) ≥4 mm that were located in two symmetric quadrants were chosen. These sites were randomized at the split‐mouth level, with half receiving SRP treatment and the other half left untreated. Ninety‐two pockets were included in the study. Clinical examinations were performed at baseline (prior to SRP) and after 15 and 60 days; information recorded included the presence of plaque, PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing. GCF was collected from each pocket included in the study at the three time points. Results: A large and significant decrease in GCF ALP activity was seen 15 days after SRP, concomitant with an improvement in clinical parameters. After 60 days, an increase in GCF ALP activity back to baseline levels was recorded along with further improvements in clinical parameters. Moreover, in the SRP pockets with initial PDs >6 mm, the CAL gains between days 15 and 60 were significantly associated with changes in GCF ALP activity over the same time interval. Conclusions: The decrease in GCF ALP activity at 15 days corresponded to a decrease in clinical signs of inflammation; in contrast, the increase in GCF ALP activity at 60 days seemed to be related to subclinical recurrent inflammation or further healing/remodeling of the periodontal tissue. Therefore, GCF ALP reflects the short‐term periodontal healing/recurrent inflammation phases in chronic periodontitis patients.
A New Class of Functionalized Terpyridyl Ligands as Building Blocks for Photosensitized Supramolecular Architectures. Synthesis, Structural, and Electronic Characterizations (2002)

A new class of triarylpyridinio-derivatized [4'-(p-phenyl)(n)]terpyridyl ligands, R(1)(2)R(2)TP(+)-(p)(n)tpy, was designed as a novel category of electron-acceptor (A)-substituted proto-photosensitizing molecules. The first elements of this versatile family of ligands (i.e., n = 0, 1 and R(1) = R(2) = H), H(3)TP(+)-tpy and H(3)TP(+)-ptpy, were synthesized as well as their Ru(II) and Os(II) complexes to form the related acceptor-functionalized M(tpy)(2)(2+) and M(ptpy)(2)(2+) photosensitizer components denoted P0 and P1, respectively. Within the P1 series of compounds, an electron-donor (D)-substituted ligand, Me(2)N-ptpy, was also involved and associated with H(3)TP(+)-ptpy, giving rise to various combinations (up to 10 polyad systems). The two resulting series of nanometer-scale rigid rod-like photosensitized supramolecular architectures are of potential interest for long-range photoinduced electron transfer purposes. The main structural features of such supermolecules were determined by comparing the results obtained from (i) single-crystal X-ray analysis of the two free ligands together with that of the P0A/Ru and P1A(2)/Ru complexes and (ii) a detailed solution (1)H NMR study of the P0 series and, more specifically, of the P0A/Ru dyad (ROESY experiment). It is shown that the pseudoperpendicular conformation of the covalently linked A and P subunits found in the solid state is persistent in fluid medium; i.e., A is not conjugated with P (P0 and P1). The first insights regarding the consequences upon intercomponent couplings of combined substituent effects and conjugation (case of D-based polyads)-or absence of conjugation-are discussed in the light of ground-state electronic properties of the compounds.
On-line thermography applied to crack detection in steel billets (2000)

On-line detection of longitudinal cracks in steel billets and bars is performed by inductive heating and infrared scanning of the surface under inspection. In collaboration with CEDIP, CORUS Research, Development & Technology designed an inspection system based on four infrared matrix cameras. The infrared images are analysed on-line by computer, searching for transverse temperature gradients, indicating the presence of a crack. This paper describes the construction of the inspection system, functioning of the crack detection tools and results.
A Monolithically Integrated Two-Axis Magnetic Field Sensor System (1996)

We report on a monolithically integrated two-axis magnetic field sensor system consisting of two fluxgate sensors and a CMOS driver- and readout circuitry. The system exhibits a sensitivity of 12mV/T over a magnetic field range of +/-150T. The 3dB bandwidth of the system is 300Hz. The sensor system drains 20mA from a 5V power supply. Introduction Fluxgate magnetic field sensors are widely used in measuring applications in the nT and T range. The monolithic integration of this sensor in a standard IC-process is of great interest and a great challenge for technologist and circuit designers [1-3]. The tasks to realize a monolithically integrated fluxgate system cover the development of deposition and structuring process steps for the ferromagnetic materials and the development of a driver- and readout electronics which is able to supply the excitation current to the sensor and to detect the weak and noisy signals. The fluxgate principle offers high resolution and the possibility to ...
Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase coordinately activates the MEK/ERK and AKT/NFκB pathways to maintain osteoclast survival (2003)

We have examined highly purified osteoclasts that were generated in vitro from murine co-culture of marrow precursors with stromal support cells and have found evidence of activation of the MEK/ERK and AKT/NFkappaB survival pathways. Many mature marrow-derived osteoclasts survived for at least 48 h in culture whether or not they are maintained with stromal cells. Moreover, supplementing purified osteoclasts with RANKL and/or M-CSF had no impact on their survival pattern. In addition, spleen-derived osteoclasts generated with RANKL and M-CSF treatment exhibited a similar survival pattern. Blocking MEK, AKT, or NFkappaB activity resulted in apoptosis of many, but not all, of the osteoclasts in purified marrow-derived osteoclasts, marrow-derived osteoclasts co-cultured with stromal cells, and spleen-derived osteoclasts maintained with RANKL and M-CSF. These data support that both the MEK/ERK and AKT/NFkappaB pathways contribute to osteoclast survival. Since PI3K has been shown to activate either of these pathways, we have examined its role in osteoclast survival. PI3K inhibition caused apoptosis of nearly all osteoclasts in purified and co-cultured marrow-derived osteoclasts and spleen-derived osteoclasts maintained with RANKL and M-CSF. Interestingly, in marrow-derived co-cultures, the apoptotic response was restricted to osteoclasts as there was no evidence of stromal support cell apoptosis. PI3K inhibition also blocked MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and AKT phosphorylation and NFkappaB activation in purified osteoclasts. Simultaneous blockage of both AKT and MEK1/2 caused rapid apoptosis of nearly all osteoclasts, mimicking the response to PI3K inhibition. These data reveal that PI3K coordinately activates two distinct survival pathways that are both important in osteoclast survival.
Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator (tPA) Content in Colorectal Cancer and in Surrounding Mucosa: Relationship with Clinicopathologic Parameters and Prognostic Significance (2000)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytosolic tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) content in colorectal cancer, its possible relationship with the clinicopathologic parameters of tumors, and its prognostic significance. We have therefore examined by immunoenzymatic assay the cytosolic tPA content in tumors and paired surrounding normal mucosa samples from 162 colorectal cancer patients. Cytosolic tPA levels were significantly higher in surrounding normal mucosa samples than in neoplastic tissues (4.01 +/- 5.07 vs 2.63 +/- 5.82 ng/mg protein; p < 0.0001). By contrast, no significant correlation was found between tPA content and clinicopathologic tumor parameters such as location, Dukes' stage, histologic grade, and DNA content or S-phase fraction. However, the results indicated that a high cytosolic tPA content (> 0.75 ng/mg protein) in tumors predicted for a shorter relapse-free and overall survival (both p < 0.05) in 123 resectable colorectal cancer patients who were prospectively evaluated during a mean follow-up period of 32.2 months. This suggests that tPA may give additional information to that provided by other biochemical markers currently used in colorectal cancer.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin exerts antimicrobial activities (2011)

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin-7-like cytokine expressed by epithelial cells and reported to be involved in allergic diseases and atopic eczema. The presence of several predicted α-helical regions in TSPL, a structure characterizing many classical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), prompted us to investigate whether TSLP exerts antimicrobial activities. Recombinant human TSLP exerted antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria. Using synthetic overlapping peptide 20-mers of TSLP, it was demonstrated that the antimicrobial effect is primarily mediated by the C-terminal region of the protein. MKK34 (MKKRRKRKVTTNKCLEQVSQLQGLWRRFNRPLLK), a peptide spanning a C-terminal α-helical region in TSLP, showed potent antimicrobial activities, in physiological salt conditions and in the presence of human plasma. Fluorescent studies of peptide-treated bacteria, electron microscopy and liposome leakage models showed that MKK34 exerted membrane-disrupting effects comparable to those of the classical AMP LL-37. Moreover, TSLP was degraded into multiple fragments by staphylococcal V8 proteinase. One major antimicrobial degradation fragment was found to encompass the C-terminal antimicrobial region defined by the MKK34 peptide. We here describe a novel antimicrobial role for TSLP. The antimicrobial activity is primarily mediated by the C-terminal part of the protein. In combination with the previously known cytokine function of TSLP, our result indicates dual functions of the molecule and a previously unknown role in host defense.
The pathological implications of protein glycation. (1995)

Hyperglycemia, the most obvious metabolic abnormality in diabetes, is the primary casual factor responsible for the development of diabetic microvascular complications. There is considerable evidence linking hyperglycemia with the accelerated formation of irreversible nonenzymatic advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), which subsequently accumulate in vessel wall proteins. The development of long-term vascular complications associated with diabetes appears to be related to the accumulation of these AGEs. Compounds that inhibit the development of AGE formation prevent complications in animal models and, therefore, may prove useful in reducing chronic diabetes-related complications in patients.
Circular vs. Elliptical Orbits for Persistent Communications (2007)

Responsive Communications missions typically require “persistent communications,” i.e., repeat coverage that lasts for an extended period or the entire day. LEO orbits cannot provide this coverage without a large number of satellites and GEO satellites are typically large and expensive, with a long development time. The solution has traditionally been thought of as moderate altitude elliptical orbits, such as Magic or Cobra orbits. However, recent IR&D work by Microcosm suggests that this may be the wrong answer. This paper compares moderate altitude elliptical and circular orbits in terms of coverage, coverage flexibility, constellation size, ASAT vulnerability, the environment, impact on spacecraft design, and overall system cost. The conclusion reached is that circular MEO orbits are a better choice than elliptical MEO orbits for supplementary or persistent communications.
The role of systemic cyclosporine dosing schedule on corneal allograft survival in the rat model (1995)

We evaluated the role of preoperative versus postoperative systemic Cyclosporin A (CsA) on corneal allograft survival in the rat model. All treatment regimens were administered by daily intramuscular injection until rejection. In the preoperative group (n = 9), CsA (7.5 mg/kg/day) was started ten days preoperatively. In the postoperative group (n = 9), CsA (7.5 mg/kg/day) was started immediately postoperatively. In the injectable control group (n = 7), injections of 0.9% normal saline with olive oil began the day of surgery. A masked observer performed alternate day slit lamp evaluations of graft opacity, edema, and vascularity. The median rejection times [days (range)] for the injection control, preoperative and postoperative groups were: 11 (10-17), 17 (12-53), and 28 (12-53), respectively. The grafts in the postoperative and preoperative treatment groups survived longer than the control (p = 0.003 and p = 0.005 respectively). There was no statistical difference between the preoperative and postoperative groups (p = 0.3). Preoperative systemic administration of CsA may offer no significant benefit in prolonging allograft survival over treatment beginning the day of surgery.
Ultrasound-guided trigger point injections in the cervicothoracic musculature: a new and unreported technique. (2009)

Ultrasound-guided trigger point injections may help confirm proper needle placement within the cervicothoracic musculature. The use of ultrasound-guided trigger point injections in the cervicothoracic musculature may also reduce the potential for a pneumothorax by an improperly placed injection.