gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of vancomycin on Staphylococcus epidermidis adherence to poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lenses (2002)

Pretreatment of an IOL with vancomycin or a suitable antibiotic agent appears to reduce bacterial adherence to the IOL. Placement of a sustained-release device that could release an antibiotic agent over a specific period, reducing the incidence of postcataract endophthalmitis, should be studied.
Disappearance of lysosomal storage in spleen and liver of mucopolysaccharidosis VII mice after transplantation of genetically modified bone marrow cells (1993)

Mice homozygous for the gusmps allele lack beta-glucuronidase activity and provide a useful model for human Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII), also known as Sly syndrome. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation was shown to correct the metabolic defect and to increase the life span of diseased animals. We have used this murine model in a preclinical study aimed at evaluating whether the techniques currently available for gene transfer into large mammalian and human BM cells will provide efficient enzyme replacement therapy in MPS patients. Autologous BM was transplanted into deficient mice after retrovirus-mediated transfer of the human beta-glucuronidase cDNA. Conditioning of recipients was performed by a single sublethal irradiation of 4.5 Gy, giving rise to low donor engraftment. In recipient mice analyzed until 145 days after gene transfer, the percentage of genetically modified hematopoietic cells was less than 5%. Nevertheless, beta-glucuronidase enzyme activity was detectable in various organs, including the brain, and disappearance of lysosomal storage was obvious in the liver and spleen. These results show that the autologous transplantation of genetically engineered BM cells could be beneficial in MPS patients.
Small RNAs in early mammalian development: from gametes to gastrulation (2011)

Small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), play essential roles in mammalian development. The function and timing of expression of these three classes of small RNAs differ greatly. piRNAs are expressed and play a crucial role during male gametogenesis, whereas endo-siRNAs are essential for oocyte meiosis. By contrast, miRNAs are ubiquitously expressed in somatic tissues and function throughout post-implantation development. Surprisingly, however, miRNAs are non-essential during pre-implantation embryonic development and their function is suppressed during oocyte meiosis. Here, we review the roles of small non-coding RNAs during the early stages of mammalian development, from gamete maturation through to gastrulation.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON 1,2‐DIHYDRO‐1‐(2‐DESOXY‐BETA‐D‐ERYTHRO‐PENTOFURANOSYL)‐2‐OXO‐PYRAZIN‐4‐OXID, EINEM WIRKSAMEN ANALOGON VON DESOXYURIDIN (1973)

Abstract 2‐Chlor‐pyrazin (I) wird mit m‐Chlor‐perbenzoesäure in 1,2‐Dichloräthan bei 65°C zu dem N‐Oxid (II) oxidiert, das nach Hydrolyse in Natronlauge und Neutralisation mit Trimethylsilylchlorid und Triäthylamin zur Verbindung (III) silyliert wird.
Effects of Crocin Analogs on Ocular Blood Flow and Retinal Function (1999)

Ischemic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are the leading ocular diseases that cause blindness. The etiology of these diseases is due in part to the reduction of blood flow in the retina and/or choroid. Crocin analogs isolated from Crocus sativus L. were found to significantly increase the blood flow in the retina and choroid and to facilitate retinal function recovery. Increased blood flow due to vasodilation presumably improves oxygenation and nutrient supply of retinal structures. These results indicated that crocin analogs could be used to treat ischemic retinopathy and/or age-related macular degeneration. It was noted that disaccharide analogs of crocin, such as crocin-1 and crocin-2, were less potent than monosaccharide analogs of crocin, such as crocin-3 and crocin-4, constituting an interesting structure-activity relationship.
Control of Parallel-Connected Modular Multilevel Converters (2014)

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an emerging and highly attractive multilevel converter topology for high-voltage and high-power applications. This paper proposes the control method of parallel-connected modular multilevel converters (parallel-MMCs), which assumes that the multiple MMCs are directly connected at both ac and dc sides to effectively enhance the power rating as expected. Two key problems were first solved for the parallel-MMCs under the normal operation conditions: voltage balancing of submodules and mitigation of circulating currents, where the novel transformed third-order harmonic resonant controller in the synchronous reference frame was employed to mitigate the dominant second-order and fourth-order circulating currents and a sixth-order harmonic resonant controller is used to attenuate the zero-sequence sixth-order circulating current existed in all phase currents per MMC. Considering the high risk of switches fault in the parallel-MMCs, the fault-tolerant operation schemes were then proposed in this paper to address the major concerns of open-circuit and short-circuit switch fault in a submodule, respectively. Carefully controlling the healthy submodules and the corresponding phase arms, the parallel-MMCs can successfully maintain their balanced capacitor voltages and mitigate the circulating currents with the qualified output waveform obtained. In addition, the parallel configuration of MMCs provides the unique solution for the short-circuit switch fault operation which was seldom discussed in the published literature works with respect to the MMC fault-tolerant operation schemes. MATLAB simulations and the constructed experimental prototype have verified the performance of the proposed control strategy.
Four-Agent Induction and Intensive Asparaginase Therapy for Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (1986)

We prospectively assigned 289 consecutive children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia to receive one of two treatment programs on the basis of the presence or absence of certain risk factors at the time of diagnosis. Patients at high risk (62 percent of the total) had one or more of the following risk factors: age below two or above nine years, a white-cell count of 20,000 per cubic millimeter or more, the presence of T-cell immunologic markers, radiologic evidence of a mediastinal mass, and involvement of the central nervous system. Patients in both the standard-risk and high-risk groups were treated for two years, receiving intensive remission-induction therapy, central nervous system prophylaxis, weekly administration of high-dose asparaginase, and multiple-drug continuation therapy (which in the high-risk group included doxorubicin and a larger dose of prednisone). At a median follow-up of 35 months, the mean (+/- SE) event-free survival rates at four years among the patients in the standard-risk and high-risk groups were 86 +/- 4 percent and 71 +/- 4 percent, respectively (P = 0.003), for a total event-free survival of 77 +/- 3 percent. Within the high-risk group, the white-cell count at diagnosis and the sex of the patient were not significant prognostic indicators, but age below 12 months at diagnosis was associated with a very poor outcome. As compared with previous methods, this treatment program using four-drug induction and intensive asparaginase therapy has resulted in improved event-free survival in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Coordinated Active Power Curtailment of Grid Connected PV Inverters for Overvoltage Prevention (2010)

Overvoltages in low voltage (LV) feeders with high penetration of photovoltaics (PV) are usually prevented by limiting the feeder's PV capacity to very conservative values, even if the critical periods rarely occur. This paper discusses the use of droop-based active power curtailment techniques for overvoltage prevention in radial LV feeders as a means for increasing the installed PV capacity and energy yield. Two schemes are proposed and tested in a typical 240-V/75-kVA Canadian suburban distribution feeder with 12 houses with roof-top PV systems. In the first scheme, all PV inverters have the same droop coefficients. In the second, the droop coefficients are different so as to share the total active power curtailed among all PV inverters/houses. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes and that the option of sharing the power curtailment among all customers comes at the cost of an overall higher amount of power curtailed.
Proteinase inhibitors I and II from potatoes specifically block UV-induced activator protein-1 activation through a pathway that is independent of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, and P38 kinase (1997)

Solar UV irradiation is the causal factor for the increasing incidence of human skin carcinomas. The activation of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) has been shown to be responsible for the tumor promoter action of UV light in mammalian cells. We demonstrate that proteinase inhibitor I (Inh I) and II (Inh II) from potato tubers, when applied to mouse epidermal JB6 cells, block UV-induced AP-1 activation. The inhibition appears to be specific for UV-induced signal transduction for AP-1 activation, because these inhibitors did not block UV-induced p53 activation nor did they exhibit any significant influence on epidermal growth factor-induced AP-1 transactivation. Furthermore, the inhibition of UV-induced AP-1 activity occurs through a pathway that is independent of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinases as well as P38 kinases. Considering the important role of AP-1 in tumor promotion, it is possible that blocking UV-induced AP-1 activity by Inh I or Inh II may be functionally linked to irradiation-induced cell transformation.
Dynamic headspace analysis of trace volatile components in polymeric materials by wide bore capillary gas chromatography (1989)

Abstract A novel dynamic headspace gas chromatographic system equipped with a wide bore capillary column was constructed for direct analysis of less volatile components in polymeric materials such as coating paints. With this system, the determination of typical paint additives such as hindered amine light stabilizers and ultraviolet absorbers could be carried out within a short time.
Oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes (OPC) exert anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects on prostate cancer cells (2008)

We conclude that OPC is a candidate that fulfills criteria for chemopreventive strategies in prostate cancer that might be established in following in vivo studies.
Immune response in insects: The role of phenoloxidase in defense reactions in relation to melanization and sclerotization (1996)

It is well known that activated prophenoloxidase (proPO) plays an important role in cuticular melanization and sclerotization. In addition, studies dealing with immune response of insects suggest that phenoloxidase (PO) is also critical in the defense reactions of insects against invaders. proPO is activated by elicitors derived from microbial cell wall components such as peptidoglycan, beta-1,3-glucan, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). According to our recent studies we proposed a model clarifying the role of PO in both cellular and humoral immune responses. LPS triggers Ceratitis capitata hemocytes via induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation to release biologically active molecules, including p47 and proPO-activators. Furthermore, hemocytes in response to LPS facilitate clearance of LPS from the hemocoel of medfly. The effector molecules involved in the LPS clearance are hemocyte surface-associated p47 (mp47), soluble p47 (sp47), activated proPO, and tyrosine. A similar LPS clearance system in the integument of medfly in vitro was also demonstrated. According to our data, the proposed mechanism for LPS clearance from hemocoel and from integument is the crosslinking of LPS to p47 or certain integumental proteins via the intermediacy of reactive tyrosine derivatives generated by PO activity, as is the case for cuticular protein-chitin crosslinks during sclerotization. We also demonstrated that metabolites of the eumelanin biosynthesis and not melanin itself or N-acetyldopamine (NADA), the key precursor of sclerotizing agent, were necessary for the immune responses by hemocytes and integument.
Image Registration: Similarity Measure and Preprocessing Method Comparisons (1978)

An experimental comparison of several similarity measures and preprocessing techniques used for the registration of temporally differing images is carried out. It is found that preprocessing of the images via a gradient operator improves the registration performance. This is in agreement with a derived optimal processor (described in the Appendix) based upon image and temporal difference characteristics.
On the Catastrophic Shear Instability in High-Speed Machining of an AISI 4340 Steel (1982)

An AISI 4340 Steel (325 BHN) was machined at various speeds up to 2500 m/min (8000 SFPM). Longitudinal midsections of the chips were examined metallurgically to delineate the differences in the chip formation characteristics at various speeds. Chips were found to be continuous at 30 to 60 m/min (100 to 200 SFPM) but discontinuous below this speed. Instabilities in the cutting process, leading to different types of cyclic chip formations, were observed at cutting speeds above 60 m/min (200 SFPM). Fully developed catastrophic shear bands separated by large areas (segments) of relatively less deformed material, similar to that when machining titanium alloys, were observed in the chips at cutting speeds above 275 m/min (800 SFPM). The intense shear bands between the segments appeared to have formed subsequent to the localized intense deformation of the segment in the primary shear zone. As the cutting speed increases, the extent of contact between the segments is found to decrease rapidly. At speeds of 1000 m/min (3200 SFPM) and above, due to rapid intense, localized shear between the segments, these segments were found to separate completely as isolated segments instead of being held intact as a long chip. The speed at which this decohesion occurs was found to depend upon the metallurgical state of the steel machined and its hardness. As in the case of machining titanium alloys, the deformation of the chip as it slides on the tool face, i.e., “secondary shear zone,” appeared to be negligible when machining this AISI 4340 steel at high speed. Based on the metallurgical study of the chip and the similarities of machining this material at high speed and that of titanium alloys at normal speed, a cyclic phenomenon in the primary shear zone is identified as the source of instability responsible for the large-scale heterogeneity and a mechanism of chip formation when machining AISI 4340 steel at high speed is proposed.
Direct Embryogenesis from Mesophyll Cells of Orchardgrass (1983)

Segments taken from the basal 15 to 20 millimeters of the two innermost leaves of an orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) genotype produced somatic (nonzygotic) embryos directly from mesophyll cells without an intervening callus when cultured on an agar medium with 30 micromolar 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba). This demonstration of high-frequency embryogenesis from mesophyll cells in Gramineae is strong evidence for totipotency of the cells.
Commercial cooling of fruits and vegetables (1972)

Causes of postharvest deteriorationFruits and vegetables are living organisms which undergo all physiological and pathological processes associated with life.To sustain essential chemical and physiological activities, they draw energy from the food reserves stored within them prior to harvest.They are in a continual state of deterioration from harvest on, and successful marketing depends upon reducing the rate of deterioration by slowing the processes which cause damage.Deterioration of fresh produce (the commodity) results from many things, including physiological breakdown, physical injury to the tissue, moisture loss, or invasion by microorganisms.Decay-producing fungi which attack fresh fruits and vegetables are also living organisms, and may be major contributors to deterioration and loss.Some decay organisms can directly pene- trate healthy tissue; others enter only after prod- uce has been weakened or injured.Each fruit and vegetable is, therefore, a complex living system of tissue and microorganisms, and satisfactory produce management requires protection of the produce while discouraging growth and spread of microorganisms.All of the above factors can be interrelated, and all are influenced by temperature.Thus, understanding the relationship of cooling to causes and effects of deterioration is essential if produce is to be properly protected.Like all other living organisms, fresh fruits and vegetables respire through a complex series of chemical reactions.Simply stated, the starches and sugars stored in their tissues are converted to carbon dioxide and water.The process (fig.1) utilizes energy from the stored food reserves, and oxygen from the surrounding air.If oxygen absorption is blocked, normal respiration cannot proceed and fermentation will quickly destroy
Fulcrum: condensing redundant reads from high-throughput sequencing studies (2012)

We developed Fulcrum to collapse identical and near-identical Illumina and 454 reads (such as those from PCR clones) into single error-corrected sequences; it can process paired-end as well as single-end reads. Fulcrum is customizable and can be deployed on a single machine, a local network or a commercially available MapReduce cluster, and it has been optimized to maximize ease-of-use, cross-platform compatibility and future scalability. Sequence datasets have been collapsed by up to 71%, and the reduced number and improved quality of the resulting sequences allow assemblers to produce longer contigs while using less memory.
Designing Adiabatic Engine Components (1978)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A procedure to analyze and design adiabatic diesel engine components is developed. The analytical basis for the procedure is presented. An experimental study of related thermal boundary conditions in the combustion chamber is conducted. Mean effective gas temperatures as high as 2200°F are measured. A new adiabatic diesel piston, using a ceramic top, is designed and demonstrated using the procedure. Initial engine testing of the piston is encouraging, with full design power being achieved. The piston is considered the critical component in the overall development of an adiabatic diesel engine.</div>
On-Board Estimation of Water Depth Using Low-Cost Sensors (2014)

Last century has seen the emergence of many active safety systems, which have highly participated in reducing the number of car crashes. Nevertheless, those systems can be improved. In particular, information about the wetness of pavement surface could be of high importance to evaluate real tire/road friction. This paper deals with a new way to estimate local water depths under the tires as the car is running. A direct measurement of the amount of water droplets thrown from rotating tires of the vehicle is used. Tests are performed on test tracks with a real passenger car equipped to estimate spray and splash of water created by the front right tire of the car. Different water depths are obtained by flooding test tracks then measuring while they are drying. An indicator linked to the amount of water droplets is defined and studied under different conditions. Effects of traveling speed, road texture or tire tread pattern are assessed. The relationship between the indicator and actual water depth is verified by using non-contact optical water depth sensors as a reference. This new method of measurement via water droplets is a major breakthrough in automotive engineering since low-cost sensors can be used to estimate the water depth.
Effects of preparations from the skin of the Arabian Gulf catfish (Arius bilineatus Val.) on back pain and other related pain (2007)

Preparations from the skin of the Arabian Gulf catfish involving biologically active proteins and lipids exhibit profound effects on healing of back pain and other related types of pain, when applied topically once every 24 hrs for 3‐7 days. The preparations seem to act on inflammation, and demyelination in the nervous tissues as well as repair damage to soft tissues. Treated cases included cervical, thoracic, lumber, sacral, knee and foot joint pain. Carpal tunnel syndrome and pain in the lower limbs related to diabetes were also treated with good success. The treatment seems to be very effective providing surgical intervention is not necessary. (Supported in part by Mr. M. Al‐Naki and Kuwait University)
Design Considerations for MHz PCB Winding Magnetic Components (2019)

High frequency PCB windings magnetic is one of the key components in high power density and high efficiency MHz power converter. High frequency PCB windings magnetic losses are the main limitation for the whole converter efficiency and power density, while the PCB windings losses are the main part of the magnetic losses. Currently, the Dowell's model is used for the layout of PCB windings. However, the Dowell's model has its restrictions, namely, magnetic field is assumed to be distributed evenly in one direction. But the magnetic field around the windings are three-dimensional and unevenly. Therefore, further arrangement of PCB windings is proposed to minimize the PCB windings losses. Besides, the magnetic circuit is analogous to electrical circuit, and the magnetic core structure shape the footprint of the PCB winding, so different magnetic core structure can be proposed for the trade-off design among the high power density, high efficiency, and low temperature stress. Therefore, both PCB winding layout and magnetic core structure design are important for the optimization of high frequency magnetic components.
The response of ACCase‐resistant <i>Phalaris paradoxa</i> populations involves two different target site mutations (2009)

Summary Phalaris paradoxa (awned canary‐grass) is an aggressive annual winter weed in wheat and other arable crops that is controlled mainly by ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides: cyclohexanediones (DIMs), aryloxyphenoxypropionates (FOPs) and phenylpyrazolines (DENs, e.g. pinoxaden). The selection pressure imposed on the weed populations by repeated use of these herbicides has resulted in the evolution of increased numbers of ACCase‐resistant populations of P. paradoxa in Israel and other countries. Two populations, Revadim (RV) and Mishmar Ha’emek (MH) that were exposed to differing weed and crop management tactics were investigated. Both populations were highly resistant to all FOPs, pinoxaden and cycloxydim, but responded differently to some DIMs. RV plants exhibited much higher resistance to tralkoxydim than MH plants, while showing similar low levels of resistance to tepraloxydim and clethodim. Both populations were equally susceptible to graminicides with other modes of action. The mutations responsible for the observed resistance were identified using PCR‐RFLP and by sequencing the carboxyl transferase domain of the chloroplastic ACCase gene. RV plants possess a substitution of Asp 2078 to Gly, whereas in MH population a mixture of Ile 2041 to Asn or Asp 2078 to Gly was found. Our study demonstrates that lack of herbicide and crop rotation may result in the evolution of diverse target site mutations and differential response of the whole plant to ACCase inhibitors.