gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction and localization of Plasmodium falciparum stress proteins related to the heat shock protein 70 family (1991)

Induction of heat shock-related stress proteins Pfhsp and Pfgrp, similar in sequence to hsp70 (heat shock protein) and grp78 (glucose-regulated protein), respectively, was studied in culture-derived parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Elevation in temperature from 26 degrees C to 37 degrees C and higher caused significant induction of Pfhsp with a moderate effect on the synthesis of Pfgrp also. Synthesis of Pfgrp, however, was not induced by partial glucose deprivation. On the contrary, lack of glucose in the medium resulted in cessation of protein synthesis in the parasites. Other known inducers of grp synthesis in mammalian cells, i.e., calcium ionophore A23187 and inhibitors of glycosylation (tunicamycin, 2-deoxy glucose) were also without any apparent effect on the synthesis of Pfgrp. Heat shock-induced responses were transient in nature: removal of stress caused repression of these responses. The effect of glucose deprivation was only partially reversible with better recovery if parasites were subjected to glucose starvation at 26 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. Northern blot analysis and in vitro translation of mRNA revealed a parallel increase in the levels of mRNA for Pfhsp upon heat shock. Immuno-gold electron microscopy with cultured parasites revealed nuclear location of Pfhsp and primarily cytoplasmic (probably endoplasmic reticulum) location of Pfgrp. These findings suggest that SDEL (carboxy terminal sequence of Pfgrp) might play a similar role in the cellular localization of Pfgrp as does the sequence KDEL in mammalian cells and HDEL in yeast.
Matrix production of smooth muscle cells from rat aorta in vitro. (1993)

Immunofluorescence microscopic methods served to demonstrate the production of the following matrix components in cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells from rat aorta: fibronectin; nidogen; heparan sulphate-proteoglycan (HS-PG); laminin; and collagen types I, III, IV, V, and VI. A time-dependence of synthesis and secretion could be shown for a number of components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as laminin. The results revealed the following estimated quantitative differences of the collagen types: type I > type III > types V and VI. A filamentous/fibrillar matrix and also occasionally a typical basal lamina could be demonstrated electron microscopically around the smooth muscle cells.
Significant attitude changes among residents associated with a pediatric nurse practitioner (1985)

In the study reported here, significant changes in attitudes occurred over a three-year period among pediatric residents who had close association with a pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP) in their residency program. Residents entering the training program had an overall uncertain attitude toward PNPs but did respond favorably to the PNP's participation in the care of well children, patient education, and follow-up care. The greatest number of attitude changes toward the PNP took place after the first year of interaction between the residents and the PNP. After the first year, the residents favored the PNP's participation in the care of minor illnesses and stable chronic illnesses and in management of telephone calls from parents with concerns. Second-year residents also felt that the PNP was accepted by patients and physicians, that the PNP contributed to the reduction of health care costs, and that the PNP should have an expanded role. Upper-level residents continued to express favorable attitudes. The findings support the authors' hypothesis that favorable attitudes on the part of physicians toward PNPs can be cultivated during residency training by exposing residents to a PNP role model. In addition, the findings suggest that subsequent years of exposure will reinforce these favorable opinions if favorable opinions are established early in residency training.
A new calculation method for membership degree and non-membership degree of PFS (2020)

Pythagoras fuzzy set (PFS) has been widely used as an effective tool to deal with uncertain and fuzzy problems. When PFS is used to deal with decision making (DM) problem which the criterion value is given as the rational number, the membership degree (MD) and the non-membership degree (ND) need to be calculated to convert the criterion value to the Pythagorean fuzzy number (PFN) representation. In this paper, a new calculation method for the MD and the ND of PFS is proposed. First, some basic theories and similarity measure of PFS are introduced. Then, a new calculation method for the MD and the ND of PFS based on similarity measure is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the proposed calculation method are verified by a case.
The Effects of Voltage Reduction on Distribution Circuit Loads (1982)

One method of obtaining energy conservation and peak load reduction is through a reduction in voltage on the utility distribution circuit. This paper describes a voltage reduction program which included circuit testing to determine voltage reduction effects, data analysis to isolate the sensitivity of loads to voltage, and circuit analysis to determine categories of loads. The actual tactics used to effect the desired reduction in voltage and consumption are also described.
Novel Organometallic Building Blocks for Crystal Engineering. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the Dicarboxylic Acid [Cr<sup>0</sup>(η<sup>6</sup>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOH)<sub>2</sub>], of Two Polymorphs of Its Oxidation Derivative [Cr<sup>I</sup>(η<sup>6</sup>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOH)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>[PF<sub>6</sub>]<sup>-</sup>, and of the Zwitterionic Form [Cr<sup>I</sup>(η<sup>6</sup>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOH)(η<sup>6</sup>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COO)] (2001)

The synthesis and structural characterization of the neutral diamagnetic organometallic dicarboxylic acid [Cr0(η6-C6H5COOH)2] (1) is reported. Oxidation of 1 by oxygen leads to formation of the paramagnetic dicarboxylic acid cation [CrI(η6-C6H5COOH)2]+ (2), which has been isolated as the [PF6]- salt in two crystalline polymorphic modifications, a monoclinic form α and a triclinic form β. The neutral zwitterionic form [CrI(η6-C6H5COOH)(η6-C6H5COO)] (3) has been obtained in a cocrystal with [NH4][PF6] upon treatment of the acid salt [CrI(η6-C6H5COOH)2]+[PF6]-with ammonia. The hydrogen bonding interactions established by the neutral and cationic acids are discussed and compared with those observed in the zwitterionic form and in the related complexes [FeII(η5-C5H4COOH)2] and [CoIII(η5-C5H4COOH)2]+[PF6]-.
Persistent Quantum Beats and Long-Distance Entanglement from Waveguide-Mediated Interactions (2013)

We study photon-photon correlations and entanglement generation in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to two qubits with an arbitrary spatial separation. To treat the combination of nonlinear elements and 1D continuum, we develop a novel Green function method. The vacuum-mediated qubit-qubit interactions cause quantum beats to appear in the second-order correlation function. We go beyond the Markovian regime and observe that such quantum beats persist much longer than the qubit lifetime. A high degree of long-distance entanglement can be generated, increasing the potential of waveguide-QED systems for scalable quantum networking.
Interactive two-handed gesture interface in 3D virtual environments (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Interactive two-handed gesture interface in 3D virtual environments Authors: Hiroaki Nishino Dept. of Computer Science and Intelligent Systems, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-11, Japan Dept. of Computer Science and Intelligent Systems, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-11, JapanView Profile , Kouichi Utsumiya Dept. of Computer Science and Intelligent Systems, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-11, Japan Dept. of Computer Science and Intelligent Systems, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-11, JapanView Profile , Daisuke Kuraoka Dept. of Computer Science and Intelligent Systems, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-11, Japan Dept. of Computer Science and Intelligent Systems, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-11, JapanView Profile , Kenji Yoshioka Dept. of Computer Science and Intelligent Systems, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-11, Japan Dept. of Computer Science and Intelligent Systems, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-11, JapanView Profile , Kazuyoshi Korida Dept. of Communication, Oita Prefectural College of Arts and Culture, 1-11 Uenogaoka, Oita 870, Japan Dept. of Communication, Oita Prefectural College of Arts and Culture, 1-11 Uenogaoka, Oita 870, JapanView Profile Authors Info & Claims VRST '97: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technologySeptember 1997 Pages 1–8https://doi.org/10.1145/261135.261137Online:01 September 1997Publication History 15citation1,137DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations15Total Downloads1,137Last 12 Months30Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Real‐time RT‐PCR profiling of over 1400 <i>Arabidopsis</i> transcription factors: unprecedented sensitivity reveals novel root‐ and shoot‐specific genes (2004)

Summary To overcome the detection limits inherent to DNA array-based methods of transcriptome analysis, we developed a real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-based resource for quantitative measurement of transcripts for 1465 Arabidopsis transcription factors (TFs). Using closely spaced gene-specific primer pairs and SYBR Green to monitor amplification of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), transcript levels of 83% of all target genes could be measured in roots or shoots of young Arabidopsis wild-type plants. Only 4% of reactions produced non-specific PCR products. The amplification efficiency of each PCR was determined from the log slope of SYBR Green fluorescence versus cycle number in the exponential phase, and was used to correct the readout for each primer pair and run. Measurements of transcript abundance were quantitative over six orders of magnitude, with a detection limit equivalent to one transcript molecule in 1000 cells. Transcript levels for different TF genes ranged between 0.001 and 100 copies per cell. Only 13% of TF transcripts were undetectable in these organs. For comparison, 22K Arabidopsis Affymetrix chips detected less than 55% of TF transcripts in the same samples, the range of transcript levels was compressed by a factor more than 100, and the data were less accurate especially in the lower part of the response range. Real-time RT-PCR revealed 35 root-specific and 52 shoot-specific TF genes, most of which have not been identified as organ-specific previously. Finally, many of the TF transcripts detected by RT-PCR are not represented in Arabidopsis EST (expressed sequence tag) or Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS) databases. These genes can now be annotated as expressed.
Analysis of Comparative Genomic Hybridization Data on cDNA Microarrays (2007)

We present a detailed method to analyze DNA copy number data generated on cDNA microarrays. A web interface is made available for those steps in the workflow that are not typically used in gene expression analysis so that these steps can be carried out online. The end result of the analysis is a list of p-values for the presence of genomic gains or losses for each sample individually or an average p-value, which we show is useful to identify recurrent genomic imbalances.
West Nile Virus Entry Requires Cholesterol-Rich Membrane Microdomains and Is Independent of αvβ3 Integrin (2008)

West Nile virus (WNV) has been the leading cause of viral encephalitis in the United States since 1999. The endocytic processes involved in the internalization of infectious WNV by various cell types are not well characterized, and the involvement of cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains, or lipid rafts, in the life cycle of WNV has not been investigated previously. In this study, we found that the depletion of cellular cholesterol levels by brief treatment with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin resulted in a 100-fold reduction of the titers of infectious WNV released into the culture supernatant, as well as a reduction in the number of WNV genome copies in the cholesterol-depleted cells. The addition of exogenous cholesterol to cholesterol-depleted cells reversed this effect. Cholesterol depletion postinfection did not affect WNV growth, suggesting that the effect occurs at the level of WNV entry. We also showed that while WNV entry did not require alphavbeta3 integrin and focal adhesion kinase, WNV particles failed to be internalized by cholesterol-depleted cells. Finally, we showed the colocalization of the WNV envelope protein and cholera toxin B, which is internalized in a lipid raft-dependent pathway, in microdomain clusters at the plasma membrane. These data suggest that WNV utilizes lipid rafts during initial stages of internalization and that the lipid rafts may contain a factor(s) that may enhance WNV endocytosis.
Event-Driven Simulation Scheme for Spiking Neural Networks Using Lookup Tables to Characterize Neuronal Dynamics (2006)

Nearly all neuronal information processing and interneuronal communication in the brain involves action potentials, or spikes, which drive the short-term synaptic dynamics of neurons, but also their long-term dynamics, via synaptic plasticity. In many brain structures, action potential activity is considered to be sparse. This sparseness of activity has been exploited to reduce the computational cost of large-scale network simulations, through the development of event-driven simulation schemes. However, existing event-driven simulations schemes use extremely simplified neuronal models. Here, we implement and evaluate critically an event-driven algorithm (ED-LUT) that uses precalculated look-up tables to characterize synaptic and neuronal dynamics. This approach enables the use of more complex (and realistic) neuronal models or data in representing the neurons, while retaining the advantage of high-speed simulation. We demonstrate the method's application for neurons containing exponential synaptic conductances, thereby implementing shunting inhibition, a phenomenon that is critical to cellular computation. We also introduce an improved two-stage event-queue algorithm, which allows the simulations to scale efficiently to highly connected networks with arbitrary propagation delays. Finally, the scheme readily accommodates implementation of synaptic plasticity mechanisms that depend on spike timing, enabling future simulations to explore issues of long-term learning and adaptation in large-scale networks.
A Cell-Specific Nuclear Factor-Kappa B–Activating Gene Expression Strategy for Delivering Cancer Immunotherapy (2018)

In recent years, new immunotherapies have greatly contributed to the success of cancer treatment. However, cancer cell-specific antigens limit the effectiveness of these immunotherapies. Identification of neoantigens through tumor sequencing and bioinformatics may help advance research into personalized cancer vaccines. This study evaluated a new immunotherapy by developing a cancer cell-specific gene expression technique that uses a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-activating gene expression vector to express a protein or peptide on the surface of cancer cells. These proteins or peptides function as an artificial neoantigen to stimulate the immune system to kill cancer cells. The study demonstrated that NF-κB RelA was widely over-activated only in cancer cells. It also showed that a NF-κB-activating gene expression (Nage) vector, which consisted of a NF-κB-specific promoter (DMP) prepared by fusing a NF-κB decoy sequence to a minimal promoter and a downstream effector gene, could specifically express a protein or peptide on the surface of various cancer cells. By packaging the Nage vector in an adeno-associated virus, in vivo tumors can be significantly inhibited or even eradicated via intravenously injected recombinant adeno-associated viruses.
The PRC Contract Law and Its Unique Notion of Subrogation (2009)

This paper briefly introduces a recent history of the development of the Chinese contract law. It then analyses various specific contract law issues including formation of the contract, liability for breach of contract and the notion of subrogation. This paper finds that PRC's contract law presents a hybrid version with key concepts from both Common law tradition and the Civil law tradition. This hybrid is however unique in the way of enforcing contracting parties' rights/obligations in many contract matters. Unfortunately, without a proper case recording system in the jurisdiction, the unique Chinese legal method is somehow difficult to solve complex contract issues. This paper then argues further that there is a need to update the current system in the law of contract, particular in dealing with the right of subrogation.
Potent and Selective Fluoroketone Inhibitors of Group VIA Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (2010)

Group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) (GVIA iPLA(2)) has recently emerged as a novel pharmaceutical target. We have now explored the structure-activity relationship between fluoroketones and GVIA iPLA(2) inhibition. The presence of a naphthyl group proved to be of paramount importance. 1,1,1-Trifluoro-6-(naphthalen-2-yl)hexan-2-one (FKGK18) is the most potent inhibitor of GVIA iPLA(2) (X(I)(50) = 0.0002) ever reported. Being 195 and >455 times more potent for GVIA iPLA(2) than for GIVA cPLA(2) and GV sPLA(2), respectively, makes it a valuable tool to explore the role of GVIA iPLA(2) in cells and in vivo models. 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoro-8-(naphthalene-2-yl)octan-4-one inhibited GVIA iPLA(2) with a X(I)(50) value of 0.001 while inhibiting the other intracellular GIVA cPLA(2) and GV sPLA(2) at least 90 times less potently. Hexa- and octafluoro ketones were also found to be potent inhibitors of GVIA iPLA(2); however, they are not selective.
Immunotherapy of idiopathic inflammatory neuropathies (2003)

Abstract Evaluation of peripheral neuropathy is a common reason for referral to a neurologist. Recent advances in immunology have identified an inflammatory component in many neuropathies and have led to treatment trials using agents that attenuate this response. This article reviews the clinical presentation and treatment of the most common subacute inflammatory neuropathies, Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and Fisher syndrome, and describes the lack of response to corticosteroids and the efficacy of treatment with plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, although sharing some clinical, electrodiagnostic, and pathologic similarities to GBS, improves after treatment with plasma exchange and IVIG and numerous immunomodulatory agents. Controlled trials in multifocal motor neuropathy have shown benefit after treatment with IVIG and cyclophosphamide. Also discussed is the treatment of less common inflammatory neuropathies whose pathophysiology involves monoclonal proteins or antibodies directed against myelin‐associated glycoprotein or sulfatide. Little treatment data exist to direct the clinician to proper management of rare inflammatory neuropathies resulting from osteosclerotic myeloma; POEMS syndrome; vasculitis; Sjögren's syndrome; and neoplasia (paraneoplastic neuropathy). Muscle Nerve 28: 273–292, 2003
Fringe pattern recognition and interpolation using nonlinear regression analysis (1983)

Least-square error criteria are used to fit 1-D interference fringe pattern irradiance data to a physically meaningful function of the form I(x) = B(x) + E(x) cos[P(x)], where B(x), E(x), and P(x) are low-order polynomials. This procedure is intended to complement digital fringe recognition by providing a method for smoothing and interpolating among fringe position data when the number of fringes is small, there are more than ten irradiance measurements per fringe, and accurate phase values are needed at arbitrary locations in the field.
Mixed Infection with Beijing and Non-Beijing Strains and Drug Resistance Pattern of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2010)

Mixed infection with Beijing and non-Beijing strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been reported and has been suggested to mediate elevation of the reinfection rate in regions with a high incidence of tuberculosis (TB). To evaluate the prevalence of infection with both Beijing and non-Beijing strains of M. tuberculosis in eastern Taiwan, the region with the highest TB incidence in Taiwan, 185 active pulmonary TB patients were enrolled at Tzu Chi General Hospital from October 2007 to September 2008. A modified multiplex PCR method was developed to distinguish Beijing and non-Beijing strains directly using the sputum of patients. Of the 185 patients, 46.5% were infected with a Beijing strain, 42.2% were infected with a non-Beijing strain, and 11.3% were infected with both strain types. Notably, mixed infection with both strain types was not associated with TB treatment history or the high-incidence race group, aborigines. In addition, the incidence rate of mixed infection before treatment with anti-TB medication was as high as that in patients with a history of anti-TB treatment. Further analysis of antibiotic susceptibility revealed that Beijing strains alone had the highest multidrug resistance rate (17.5%), mixed infection had the highest rate of resistance to at least one drug (23.8%), and non-Beijing strains had the highest rate of sensitivity to all drugs (79.5%), implying that Beijing strains are predominant in the development of drug resistance in tuberculosis.
Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate mediates progesterone effect on sulfate uptake in endometrial epithelial cells. (1995)

We have previously shown that progesterone increased sulfate uptake in glandular epithelial cells of guinea pig endometrium. To investigate whether cAMP might be the cause of the progesterone effect on sulfate uptake, cAMP accumulation and the effect of cAMP on sulfate uptake were evaluated in cells treated with 17 beta-estradiol alone or with progesterone. Progesterone provoked an increase in the intracellular cAMP accumulation in cells treated with 17 beta-estradiol. Moreover, cAMP or forskolin elicited the same marked increase in sulfate uptake as that observed with progesterone. The effect of progesterone on sulfate uptake was abolished by blocking either the cAMP pathway or the genomic action of progesterone and was independent of the cAMP-activatable apical chloride channel. This study is the first evidence of cAMP activation of sulfate uptake and suggests a genomic effect of progesterone on the production of cAMP which activates the sulfate transport system in a short term activation and a long term activation independent of transcriptional or translational events. The endometrium is a unique tissue that undergoes profound highly regulated modifications during the secretory phase in providing a suitable environment for embryo implantation. The regulation of sulfate uptake could participate in this process.