gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Cosecretion of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide and Insulin by β-Cells (1990)

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) has been identified as the major constituent of the pancreatic amyloid of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and is also present in normal beta-cell secretory granules. To determine whether IAPP is a pancreatic secretory product, we measured the quantity of IAPP-like immunoreactivity (IAPP-LI), insulin, and glucagon released into 5 ml of incubation medium during a 2-h incubation of monolayer cultures (n = 5) of neonatal (3- to 5-day-old) Sprague-Dawley rat pancreases under three conditions: 1.67 mM glucose, 16.7 mM glucose, and 16.7 mM glucose plus 10 mM arginine and 0.1 mM isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX). The quantity of IAPP-LI, insulin, and glucagon in the cell extract was also determined. Mean +/- SE IAPP-LI in the incubation medium increased from 0.041 +/- 0.003 pmol in 1.67 mM glucose to 0.168 +/- 0.029 pmol in 16.7 mM glucose (P less than 0.05) and 1.02 +/- 0.06 pmol in 16.7 mM glucose plus arginine and IBMX (P less than 0.05 vs. 1.67 or 16.7 mM glucose). Insulin secretion increased similarly from 4.34 +/- 0.27 to 20.2 +/- 0.6 pmol (P less than 0.05) and then to 135 +/- 5 pmol (P less than 0.05 vs. 1.67 or 16.7 mM glucose). Glucagon release tended to decrease with the increase in glucose concentration (0.39 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.02 pmol, P less than 0.1), whereas with the addition of arginine and IBMX to high glucose, glucagon release increased to 1.32 +/- 0.03 pmol (P less than 0.05 vs. 1.67 or 16.7 mM glucose).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acid base characteristics of binary oxides of Zr with Ce and La (1996)

The surface acidity and basicity of binary oxides of Zr with Ce and La are determined using a series of Hammet indicators and Ho,,max values are reported. The generation of new acid sites habe been ascribed to the charge imbalance of M1-O-M2 bonds, where M1 and M2 are metal atoms. Both Bronsted and Lewis acid sites contribute to the acidity of the oxides
Modulation of CD59 Expression by Restrictive Silencer Factor–Derived Peptides in Cancer Immunotherapy for Neuroblastoma (2008)

Tumor cells escape clearance by complement by abundantly expressing CD59 and other membrane complement regulators. Existing strategies for blocking/knocking down these regulators can contribute to tumor immunoclearance in vitro; however, there are numerous difficulties restricting their use in vivo. Here, we report a new strategy for suppression of CD59 expression in neuroblastoma using peptides that target regulators of CD59 expression. We identified the neural-restrictive silencer factor (REST) as a target for modulation of CD59 expression in neuroblastoma. We next designed plasmids that encoded peptides comprising different DNA-binding domains of REST and transfected them into neuroblastoma cell lines. These peptides suppressed CD59 expression, sensitizing neuroblastoma to complement-mediated killing triggered by anti-GD2 therapeutic monoclonal antibody. These CD59-modulating peptides might be effective therapeutic adjuvants to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies used for treatment of neuroblastoma and other cancer types sharing the same mechanism for regulation of CD59 expression.
DNA alkylation and unwinding induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide: modulation by ionic strength and superhelicity. (1980)

Superhelical and partially relaxed DNAs of simian virus 40 were allowed to react in vitro with (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BaP diol epoxide). The modified DNA contained N2 guanine and N6 adenine hydrocarbon adducts in the ratio 86:14. Superhelical simian virus 40 DNA was approximately 6% more susceptible to modification than was partially relaxed viral DNA. Counterions inhibited DNA alkylation by up to 90%, Mg2+ being 50-fold more effective than Na+. The sensitivity of covalent binding to helix stability is consistent with a reaction complex in which BaP diol epoxide is intercalated. The superhelical density of the modified DNA substrates was determined electrophoretically relative to partially relaxed standards, and an unwinding angle for the hydrocarbon adducts was calculated. The angle was dependent upon the superhelicity of the DNA molecule and ranged from 330 degrees to 30 degrees. These data indicate that the modified base pairs are disrupted and, in the presence of torsional strain, act as centers for the further denaturation of up to eight adjacent base pairs. In the absence of such strain the alkylation sites have an ordered structure, with the attached hydrocarbon probably oriented in the minor or major groove of the helix.
AMP-activated protein kinase: a critical signaling intermediary for exercise-stimulated glucose transport? (2000)

Physical exercise increases the rate of glucose transport into contracting skeletal muscles by a mechanism that involves translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. This brief report will discuss an emerging hypothesis that suggests that the AMP-activated protein kinase is a key signaling intermediary leading to exercise-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle.
Nonsense codons within the Rous sarcoma virus gag gene decrease the stability of unspliced viral RNA. (1991)

The intracellular accumulation of the unspliced RNA of Rous sarcoma virus was decreased when translation was prematurely terminated by the introduction of nonsense codons within its 5' proximal gene, the gag gene. In contrast, the levels of spliced viral RNAs were not affected in our transient expression assays in chicken cells. Experiments using the transcription inhibitor dactinomycin showed that mutant unspliced RNAs were degraded more rapidly than wild-type RNA. Furthermore, mutant RNAs could be partially stabilized by coexpression of wild-type gag proteins in trans; however, intact gag proteins were not required to maintain the stability of RNAs which did not contain premature termination codons. Thus, termination codons seemed to destabilize the RNA not because of their effect on gag protein function but instead because they disrupted the process of translating the gag region of the RNA. Analysis of double-mutant constructs containing both deletions and termination codons within the gag gene also suggested that the stability of the unspliced RNA was affected by a cis-acting interaction between the RNA and ribosomes.
Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Common Fruits (2002)

Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Phytochemicals, especially phenolics, in fruits and vegetables are suggested to be the major bioactive compounds for the health benefits. However, the phenolic contents and their antioxidant activities in fruits and vegetables were underestimated in the literature, because bound phenolics were not included. This study was designed to investigate the profiles of total phenolics, including both soluble free and bound forms in common fruits, by applying solvent extraction, base digestion, and solid-phase extraction methods. Cranberry had the highest total phenolic content, followed by apple, red grape, strawberry, pineapple, banana, peach, lemon, orange, pear, and grapefruit. Total antioxidant activity was measured using the TOSC assay. Cranberry had the highest total antioxidant activity (177.0 +/- 4.3 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of fruit), followed by apple, red grape, strawberry, peach, lemon, pear, banana, orange, grapefruit, and pineapple. Antiproliferation activities were also studied in vitro using HepG(2) human liver-cancer cells, and cranberry showed the highest inhibitory effect with an EC(50) of 14.5 +/- 0.5 mg/mL, followed by lemon, apple, strawberry, red grape, banana, grapefruit, and peach. A bioactivity index (BI) for dietary cancer prevention is proposed to provide a new alternative biomarker for future epidemiological studies in dietary cancer prevention and health promotion.
Application research on quantitative real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay for Brucella (2009)

Objective To discuss a real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) wether if can be used to detect Brucella. Methods According to the BCSP31 gene sequences specific for Brucella, one pair of primers and one TaqMan probe were designed. A real-time PCR was developed with the BCSP31 fragments cloned into PMD18-T vector. The standard cure was established and the sensitivity, the species specificity and the stability of the assay were evaluated. The clinical blood specimens were detected by QT-PCR and compared with clinical diagnosis. Results The standard curve was established with the standard template and the relationship between the Ct and the DNA copy number was linear(r=0.999). The sensitivity of the real-time PCR was 5 copies/μl. The sensitivity of the common PCR was 5×102 copies/μl. The sensitivity was about 100 times higher than common PCR. Species specificity of this FQ-PCR assay evaluated using genomic DNA from 6 Bmcella strains and 5 non-Brucella strains and strong fluorescence was detected in all Brucella strains. The CV of intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility were 0.71%,7.23%, reprectively. Twenty-four specimens from clinical brucellosis cases, 19 showed positive, the positive coincident rate was 79%(19/24). The negative results were obtained for all 31 negative control, and the negative coincident rate was 100%(31/31). Two were positive from all 30 specimens clinically suspected. Conclusions Highly specific, sensitive, repeatable and coincidental with clinic, this FQ-PCR is quite useful for rapid detection of tiny DNA of Brucella in various samples and laboratory diagnosis.

Key words: 
Brucella; Polymerase chain reaction; Detection
A New Decoding Algorithm Using Likelihood Ratio Testing for Tree Codes (2004)

G.D. Forney, Jr. [5]は,最ゆう復号の一般化によ り,消失判定を行う復号器,及び,可変リストサイ ズのリスト復号器(variable size list decoder. 以下, VLDと記す)の理論的考察を初めて与えた.[5]では, 消失判定及び VLDのいずれの復号器も,メッセージ は判定基準(decision critera)[5]式 (11)に照らし合 わされる.[5]式 (11)のしきい値 T の値が T > 0なら ば,この判定基準を満たす符号語一つが出力されるか 何も出力しない(消失)かのいずれかとなるので,消 失判定を行う復号器となる.逆に,T < 0 ならば, この判定基準を満たす符号語は,一つ以上の符号語を 出力するので,VLDとなる(T = 0 は最ゆう復号を 行う復号器である).これらの復号器は受信系列が判 定基準を満たすか否かによって出力を決定する.この 意味で,[5]は,消失判定を行う復号器と VLDとが共 通した復号法であることを指摘している. 一方,J.B. Anderson [2]によれば,木符号の復号 は,幅優先(横型探索 width first),深さ優先(縦型
Small‐Molecule based Delivery Systems for Alkylating Antineoplastic Compounds (2007)

Alkylating agents are a major class of anticancer drugs for the treatment of various cancers including hematological malignancies. Targeting alkylating moieties to DNA by attachment of a DNA minor groove binding carrier such as distamycin, netropsin, or Hoechst 33252 reduces the loss of active drug due to reaction with other cell components and makes it possible to direct the alkylation both sequence specifically and regiospecifically. We reported the synthesis and structure-activity studies of amidine analogues of alkylating antineoplastic compounds, which appeared to be a new class of cytotoxic minor groove binders and topoisomerase II inhibitors. Another approach to overcome the toxicity of alkylating agents to normal tissue is to construct a prodrug with lower hydrophobicity and cytotoxicity but is preferentially activated in cancer cells. Overexpression of prolidase in some neoplastic cells suggests that the proline analogue of alkylating agents may serve as a prolidase convertible prodrugs. We have compared several aspects of pharmacological actions of proline analogues of chlorambucil and melphalan in breast cancer cells. The results suggest that prolidase could serve as a target enzyme for the selective action of anticancer agents.
Survey of the major world sports rating systems (1997)

Using a common framework, this paper presents a survey of the major world sports rating systems (WSRSs) in skiing (sponsored by the International Skiing Federation (FIS)), men's tennis (Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP)), women's tennis (Women's Tennis Association (WTA)), soccer (Federation of International Football Associations (FIFA)) and golf (Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews). These systems are not otherwise available in the literature. Each of the WSRSs has three phases: first, the observed results are weighted to provide points for each competition; second, these points are combined to provide a seasonal value; third, the seasonal values are combined to provide a rating. The final result or placement (and not the score or time) is the most important factor in determining points for a given competition. In skiing, men's tennis and women's tennis, the rating is calculated from results over one season, while three seasons are used in golf and six seasons are used in soccer. In cross-country skiing and men's tennis, the seasonal value is calculated from the sum of the best values from that season's competitions. In alpine skiing and women's tennis, the sum of all values from that season's competitions is used. In golf and soccer, an averaging process is used. Besides potentially encouraging more entries, a 'best' system and one using all values also generates simple integer ratings rather than decimal ratings as are obtained with an averaging system. The simplest system is that of FIS in skiing, where one table of points is used for all alpine and cross-country disciplines. In contrast, considering that soccer (as a sport) prides itself on the simplicity of the game, it is surprising that FIFA's system is so complex, It is also surprising in soccer that a 'friendly' (often a pick-up exhibition used for player development) counts two-thirds as much as does a World Cup final played before a worldwide TV audience. It is hoped that this survey will serve as a valuable resource for those studying sports rating systems.
A Scal RFLP demonstrated for the GRO gene on chromosome 4 (1989)

TC870 is a 0.85 kb fragment running from the EcoRI site 200 bp from the 5' end of the human cDNA subcloned into the EcoRI site of pGEM3. One strong constant band (14 kb) and two fainter constant bands (5 kb and 3 kb) are also present. The polymorphism type is unknown.
A note on the attenuation of surface gravity waves by rainfall (1990)

Rainfall has long been associated with damping of short surface gravity waves. A theory is presented which uses a thin rain‐induced turbulent surface layer to explain the enhanced attenuation. In the presence of a thin turbulent surface layer, the e ‐folding attenuation time for the 30‐cm wavelength surface gravity waves needed for remote sensing of the ocean surface using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is reduced from several minutes to several seconds. This explains the observation of low SAR radar return from regions of high rainfall. Longer wavelengths are also affected depending on the strength of the mixing and the thickness of the turbulent layer.
Dexamethasone Inhibits Growth Factor-Induced Type 3 Deiodinase Activity and mRNA Expression in a Cultured Cell Line Derived from Rat Neonatal Brown Fat Vascular-Stromal Cells (2002)

Studies examining the regulation of the type 3 deiodinase (D3) have been hampered by the lack of cell lines that constitutively express this enzyme. To address this issue, a new cell line, designated brown fat vascular-stromal (BVS-1), was generated by continuous subculturing of precursor cells derived from the vascular-stromal fraction of rat neonatal brown fat. BVS-1 cells did not differentiate into adipocytes when cultured for 5 d in DMEM supplemented with 2% newborn calf serum, 4 nM insulin, 2 nM T(3), and 10 nM dexamethasone (DEX). However, when cultured in regular medium, the cells expressed high levels of D3 activity (1-5 pmol/h per milligram protein) and mRNA. D3 mRNA was markedly induced by treatment for 6 h with epidermal growth factor, acid or basic fibroblast growth factors (10 ng/ml), or a 3-h treatment with a phorbol ester [12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), 1 microM] or 10% fetal bovine serum. However, preincubation of cells overnight with 50 nM DEX completely blocked the D3-inducing effects of basic fibroblast growth factor. The DEX effect was partially blocked when a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist was present. Overnight DEX treatment (50 nM) also decreased basal D3 activity by 80%. In summary, we have established BVS-1 cells as a continuous cell line useful for studying the regulation of D3 expression. Furthermore, we have shown that DEX inhibits growth factor-induced D3 expression in these cells.
Specific COX-2 inhibitors in arthritis, oncology, and beyond: where is the science headed? (1999)

The existence of two distinct isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX), which convert arachidonic acid to prostanoids, is now well established. COX-1, which is constitutively expressed in many tissues (including the gastrointestinal tract, platelets, and kidney) is responsible for producing prostanoids that regulate normal housekeeping or physiologic functions. In contrast, COX-2 is the inducible form responsible for the production of prostanoids in response to a variety of evoking stimuli in different tissues and for mediation of inflammation and pain in certain diseases. Since the identification of COX-2, a great deal of research has been devoted to elucidating and understanding its molecular and physiologic characteristics. As a result of research into the differences between COX-1 and COX-2, new insights into the role of each isoform in normal homeostasis and in their responses to exogenous stimuli have emerged. Besides its induction in cells at inflammatory sites, COX-2 is known to be induced in the kidney in response to sodium depletion or in hyperfiltration states; in postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the brain after electroconvulsive stimulation, in the ovary and uterus during ovulation and implantation; in intestinal epithelium after bacterial infection; as well as in colon adenoma and carcinoma cells. These findings, largely from animal studies, have suggested a broader spectrum of biologic activity of COX-2 and potential alterations of specific physiologic or protective mechanisms by inhibition of COX-2, as well as potential new clinical targets of therapy with COX-2 inhibitors. As COX-2 appears to play an important role in pathologic processes other than pain and inflammation, ongoing research is investigating the potential utility of COX-2 inhibitors in other conditions, such as colonic polyposis, colorectal cancer, and Alzheimer's disease.
New approximation for the whole profile of the human crystalline lens (2000)

This paper presents a new approximation for the whole profile of the human crystalline lens by the use of only one analytical function for both unaccommodated lens and the lens on accommodation. Approximation of the anterior and posterior lens profile is composed of hyperbolic cosine functions and is given in polar coordinates. Each of the hyperbolic cosines is modulated by the function of hyperbolic tangent type. The curvature of the hyperbolic cosine in polar coordinates is discussed and some results concerning the stability of its central radius of curvature are shown. Fitting of the hyperbolic cosine type curve to various results of the lens curvature measurements is presented. Examples of profiles of the lens under accommodation are given. It is shown that this approximation can be used for the description of iso-indical profiles inside the lens.
The bvr Locus of Listeria monocytogenes Mediates Virulence Gene Repression by β-Glucosides (1999)

The beta-glucoside cellobiose has been reported to specifically repress the PrfA-dependent virulence genes hly and plcA in Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 7973. This led to the hypothesis that beta-glucosides, sugars of plant origin, may act as signal molecules, preventing the expression of virulence genes if L. monocytogenes is living in its natural habitat (soil). In three other laboratory strains (EGD, L028, and 10403S), however, the effect of cellobiose was not unique, and all fermentable carbohydrates repressed hly. This suggested that the downregulation of virulence genes by beta-glucosides is not a specific phenomenon but, rather, an aspect of a global regulatory mechanism of catabolite repression (CR). We assessed the effect of carbohydrates on virulence gene expression in a panel of wild-type isolates of L. monocytogenes by using the PrfA-dependent phospholipase C gene plcB as a reporter. Utilization of any fermentable sugar caused plcB repression in wild-type L. monocytogenes. However, an EGD variant was identified in which, as in NCTC 7973, plcB was only repressed by beta-glucosides. Thus, the regulation of L. monocytogenes virulence genes by sugars appears to be mediated by two separate mechanisms, one presumably involving a CR pathway and another specifically responding to beta-glucosides. We have identified in L. monocytogenes a 4-kb operon, bvrABC, encoding an antiterminator of the BglG family (bvrA), a beta-glucoside-specific enzyme II permease component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system (bvrB), and a putative ADP-ribosylglycohydrolase (bvrC). Low-stringency Southern blots showed that this locus is absent from other Listeria spp. Transcription of bvrB was induced by cellobiose and salicin but not by arbutin. Disruption of the bvr operon by replacing part of bvrAB with an interposon abolished the repression by cellobiose and salicin but not that by arbutin. Our data indicate that the bvr locus encodes a beta-glucoside-specific sensor that mediates virulence gene repression upon detection of cellobiose and salicin. Bvr is the first sensory system found in L. monocytogenes that is involved in environmental regulation of virulence genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Carbon Monoxide-Utilizing Acetogen, <i>Eubacterium limosum</i> KIST612 (2010)

Eubacterium limosum KIST612 is an anaerobic acetogenic bacterium that uses CO as the sole carbon/energy source and produces acetate, butyrate, and ethanol. To evaluate its potential as a syngas microbial catalyst, we have sequenced the complete 4.3-Mb genome of E. limosum KIST612.
A Simple Vehicle Dynamics Modeling by the Object Oriented Approach (1998)

This paper describes a new simple vehicle model derived by an object-oriented technique to analyze and design the vehicle control systems. The model describes four wheeled vehicle dynamics by a set of non-linear differential equations derived by the Newton-Euler method. In order to describe the simple but accurate vehicle dynamics, we developed 16 degree of freedom model which is consist of 3 rotational and transitional dynamics around the vehicle center of mass, 4 wheel rotation, suspension deflection and x-y rotation of front wheels which are due to the change of steering angle. Even the model is simple, it is enough accurate to be used to design vehicle controller. In the object-oriented approach, a well-known commercially available software is used for the verification of vehicle model. An example of straightforward analysis and design of vehicle dynamic system is shown. The model and the approach tasted by simulation shows the capability of real-time simulation.
Method for producing via-connections in semiconductor wafers using a combination of plasma and chemical etching (1983)

A via-connection is formed in a silicon wafer by metallization of a plasma etched groove followed by chemical etching of the opposite surface of the wafer up to the top of the metallized groove and by patterning a contact pad. Conductor patterns and/or portions of circuit elements on each of the opposite major surfaces of the wafer connected ohmically to the appropriate contact pads are electrically connected by the described via-connection.