gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-Emitting Waveguide-Plasmon Polaritons (2012)

We demonstrate the generation of light in an optical waveguide strongly coupled to a periodic array of metallic nanoantennas. This coupling gives rise to hybrid waveguide-plasmon polaritons (WPPs), which undergo a transmutation from plasmon to waveguide mode and vice versa as the eigenfrequency detuning of the bare states transits through zero. Near zero detuning, the structure is nearly transparent in the far-field but sustains strong local field enhancements inside the waveguide. Consequently, light-emitting WPPs are strongly enhanced at energies and in-plane momenta for which WPPs minimize light extinction. We elucidate the unusual properties of these polaritons through a classical model of coupled harmonic oscillators.
First steps towards tailoring fine and ultrafine iron particles using microemulsions (1993)

Iron particles with diameters of less than 100 nm are prepared using microemulsions, and their sizes are related to the size of the microdroplets in the microemulsions. A certain control over the magnetic behavior of the resulting materials is achieved through a process of fine tuning of the size of the particles. This control allows the modification of this behavior from superparamagnetism to ferromagnetism at a given temperature by acting on simple and easily modifiable parameters of the fabrication procedure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modulation characteristics of quantum-dot lasers: the influence of p-type doping and the electronic density of states on obtaining high speed (2002)

The influence of p-type modulation doping on self-organized quantum-dot lasers is studied using a quasiequilibrium model that includes the multi-discrete energy levels and the energy levels of the wetting layer. Calculations are presented showing that laser performance can be greatly enhanced through p-doping and that, in contrast to planar quantum-well lasers, the p-doping requirements are moderate. Optimized cavity lengths are found, and the threshold temperature and modulation characteristics are determined for these cavity lengths. The model shows that close energy spacing of the discrete hole levels can severely limit the modulation response, as suggested previously, and that this effect is countered through creation of an excess hole concentration using p-type doping. Good agreement is obtained with the modulation response reported in recent experiments for undoped quantum-dot active regions. The calculations suggest that bandwidths greater than 30 GHz can be obtained with sufficient p-doping. A reduction in the inhomogeneous broadening might increase the laser speed to over 60 GHz.
Overcoming Semipermeable Barriers, Such as the Skin, with Ultradeformable Mixed Lipid Vesicles, Transfersomes, Liposomes, or Mixed Lipid Micelles (2003)

We studied lipid aggregate penetration through nanoporous, semipermeable barriers by direct transport measurements in vitro and with the confocal laser scanning microscopy of the skin in vivo. We found that it is necessary to use mixed lipid bilayers with a low resistance to permeabilization and high flexibility to overcome narrow, normally confining pores. Partial molecular demixing in the stressed vesicle bilayer serves both purposes. An aggregate comprising a suitable blend of amphipats (Transfersome, Tfs) is, therefore, extremely deformable and easily crosses even very narrow pores (rTfs ≥ 10rpore, and possibly more). Each such vesicle then behaves as a responsive, self-optimizing, nanorobotic transport device. The mixed micelles with identical components or the simple vesicles (liposomes) with a similar size as that of unusually deformable vesicles do not share this quality. Liposomes only traverse barriers when rlipos ≤ 1.5rpore; they clog narrower pores, unless they get fragmented in/before the orifice. Mammalian skin is perforated by a very large number (≥107 cm-2) of very narrow (rpore ∼ 0.3 nm) intercellular hydrophilic pores. These can be widened into the barrier-spanning, hydrophilic transcutaneous pathways (rpathway ∼ 20−30 nm) by ultradeformable vesicles. Mixed micelles or liposomes do not activate such pores because they are respectively too small or too undeformable (κlipos > 10κTfs) and large (2rlipos/nm ≥ 45 ≫ 20) for the purpose. The outer two-thirds of the skin barrier also contain fewer but wider openings (rpore ≥ 3 μm), which encircle groups of cells in the stratum corneum. The resulting sparse, low-resistance intercluster pathway can accommodate various sufficiently small aggregates (ra ≤ 2 μm), including liposomes and micelles. All the tested lipidic particles can, therefore, reach locally ∼60% of the skin barrier depth, on the average. Ultradeformable vesicles move through the skin most uniformly and to the greatest relative depth, however. Locally or near the skin surface the distribution of different lipid aggregates that penetrate a barrier can be similar.
TargetDB: a target registration database for structural genomics projects (2004)

TargetDB is available at http://targetdb.pdb.org/
Merged CORDIC algorithm (2002)

The COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm is an iterative procedure to evaluate various elementary functions. It usually consists of one scaling multiplication and n+1 elementary shift-add iterations in an n bit processor. These iterations can be paired off to form double iterations to lower the hardware complexity while the computational complexity stays the same. With this structure, the shifter size is reduced to 1/2 (1+9/n+1). In this paper, we present this merged algorithm, its error analysis, and software simulation results.
INFORMATION FROM THE ADVERTISEMENT PAGES (1950)

Anything up to 80 per cent of a technical journal to‐day consists of advertisements. The advertising pages are often cunningly woven among the others to increase their chance of being read, and it is a fact that many readers are as likely to be arrested by an advertisement as by a feature in the text. Abstractors, however, or information staff scanning a periodical for a purpose, may be inclined to regard this 80 per cent advertising as a bore, grudgingly admitting responsibility for trade announcements of plant, apparatus, materials, and the books and other publications listed, but giving other publicity scant attention.
Stereoselective Bimolecular Phenoxy Radical Coupling by an Auxiliary (Dirigent) Protein Without an Active Center (1997)

The regio- and stereospecificity of bimolecular phenoxy radical coupling reactions, of especial importance in lignin and lignan biosynthesis, are clearly controlled in some manner in vivo; yet in vitro coupling by oxidases, such as laccases, only produce racemic products. In other words, laccases, peroxidases, and comparable oxidases are unable to control regio- or stereospecificity by themselves and thus some other agent must exist. A 78-kilodalton protein has been isolated that, in the presence of an oxidase or one electron oxidant, effects stereoselective bimolecular phenoxy radical coupling in vitro. Itself lacking a catalytically active (oxidative) center, its mechanism of action is presumed to involve capture of E-coniferyl alcohol-derived free-radical intermediates, with consequent stereoselective coupling to give (+)-pinoresinol.
Treatment of periodontal furcation defects (1988)

A total of 30 mandibular, buccal class II furcation defects were treated in 22 subjects using a regenerative surgical therapy that included citric acid root conditioning and coronally positioned flaps secured by crown-attached sutures. In addition, grafts of freeze-dried, decalcified allogenic bone were placed in 16 of the 30 defects. The effect of the therapies was evaluated from a series of soft and hard tissue measurements. These measurements demonstrated notable improvement 12 months following therapy. On the average, 67% of the defect volume became filled with bone. 43% of treated defects were completely closed by bone fill. No difference was observed between defects treated with and without bone grafts.
HSPICE implementation of a numerically efficient model of CNT transistor (2009)

Abstract—This paper presents the algorithms of an imple-mentation of a numerically efficient carbon nanotube transistor (CNT) model in HSPICE. The model is derived from cubic spline non-linear approximation of the non-equilibrium mobile charge density. The spline algorithm exploits a rapid and accurate solution of the numerical relationship between the charge density and the self-consistent voltage, which results in the acceleration of deriving the current through the channel without losing much accuracy. The output I-V characteristics of the proposed model have been compared with those of a recent HSPICE implemen-tation of the Stanford CNT model and published experimental I-V curves. The results show superior accuracy of the proposed model while maintaining similar CPU time performance. Two versions of the HSPICE macromodel implementation have been developed and validated, one to reflect ballistic transport only and another with non-ballistic effects. To further validate the model a complementary logic inverter has also been implemented using the proposed technique and simulated in HSPICE. I.
UN CRISTO COLONIAL EN HUANCAVELICA (2019)

En esta presentación se muestra la aparición y culto de un cristo milagroso en una comunidad de Huancavelica. Dicha aparición se dio en el contexto de la evangelización religiosa en los Andes durante el periodo colonial. Además se presentan las bases sociales y simbólicas de dicha aparición y se la compara con otros “cristos” de la región.
Practising Scalable Graph Similarity Joins in MapReduce (2014)

Along with the emergence of massive graph-modeled data, it is of great importance to investigate graph similarity join due to its wide applications for multiple purposes, including data cleaning, near duplicate detection, etc. This paper considers graph similarity joins with edit distance constraints, which return pairs of graphs such that their edit distances are no larger than a given threshold. Leveraging the MapReduce programming model, we propose MGSJoin, a scalable algorithm following the filtering-verification framework for efficient graph similarity joins. It relies on counting overlapping graph signatures for filtering out non-promising candidates. With the potential issue of too many key-value pairs in the filtering phase, spectral Bloom filters are introduced to reduce the number of key-value pairs. Furthermore, we integrate the multiway join strategy to boost the verification. The superior efficiency and scalability of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated by extensive experimental results.
Comparative mutational analysis of wild-type and stretched tRNA3(Leu) gene promoters. (1987)

We demonstrate that, when the yeast tRNA(3Leu) gene is stretched so that the distance between the two portions of the intragenic promoter is increased to 365 base pairs, the A and B blocks remain functional. Mutations in the A block, which show a weak phenotype when inserted in the wild type, exert a dramatic effect when inserted into the stretched gene. Experiments with extensively purified transcription factor tau indicate that the tau B-B block interaction is not influenced by A-B distance; only the ability of tau A to interact with A block sequences is affected, possibly because of the additional free-energy cost of forming a large loop of the intervening DNA.
Langerhans Cells Orchestrate the Protective Antiviral Innate Immune Response in the Lymph Node (2019)

During disseminating viral infections, a swift innate immune response (IIR) in the draining lymph node (dLN) that restricts systemic viral spread is critical for optimal resistance to disease. However, it is unclear how this IIR is orchestrated. We show that after footpad infection of mice with ectromelia virus, dendritic cells (DCs) highly expressing major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II<sup>hi</sup> DCs), including CD207<sup>+</sup> epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), CD103<sup>+</sup>CD207<sup>+</sup> double-positive dermal DCs (DP-DCs), and CD103<sup>-</sup>CD207<sup>-</sup> double-negative dermal DCs (DN-DCs) migrate to the dLN from the skin carrying virus. MHC class II<sup>hi</sup> DCs, predominantly LCs and DP-DCs, are the first cells upregulating IIR cytokines in the dLN. Preventing MHC class II<sup>hi</sup> DC migration or depletion of LCs, but not DP-DC deficiency, suppresses the IIR in the dLN and results in high viral lethality. Therefore, LCs are the architects of an early IIR in the dLN that is critical for optimal resistance to a disseminating viral infection.
Rewriting queries using views (2001)

In this paper, we consider the problem of answering queries using materialized views in the presence of negative goals. The solution is carried out by "inverting" views and deriving both positive and negative knowledge. In order to derive negative knowledge, we invert conjunctive views with negation into a set of (extended) views which may also have, in addition to negation-as-failure, a different form of negation called classical (or strong) negation. We also consider the case of disjunctive views and present a technique which permits us to infer both positive and negative knowledge. Furthermore, we extend previous techniques for inferring knowledge from views based on relations with functional dependencies. Finally, we present a prototype of a system developed at the University of Calabria.
Presenilin mutations deregulate mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and metabolic activity causing neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans (2018)

Mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent metabolic deregulation is observed in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Mutations in the presenilin (PSEN) encoding genes (<i>PSEN1</i> and <i>PSEN2</i>) cause most cases of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that mutations in the <i>C. elegans</i> gene encoding a PSEN homolog, <i>sel-12</i> result in mitochondrial metabolic defects that promote neurodegeneration as a result of oxidative stress. In <i>sel-12</i> mutants, elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling leads to an increase in mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> content which stimulates mitochondrial respiration resulting in an increase in mitochondrial superoxide production. By reducing ER Ca<sup>2+</sup> release, mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> uptake or mitochondrial superoxides in <i>sel-12</i> mutants, we demonstrate rescue of the mitochondrial metabolic defects and prevent neurodegeneration. These data suggest that mutations in PSEN alter mitochondrial metabolic function via ER to mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling and provide insight for alternative targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Characterization of Metal/Ferroelectric/Insulator/Semiconductor Structure with CeO<sub>2</sub> Buffer Layer (1995)

A PbTiO 3 ferroelectric film 813 Å thick was grown on a CeO 2 /Si(100) substrate by the digital chemical vapor deposition method. As the buffer layer between the perovskite PbTiO 3 film and Si substrate, a CeO 2 intermediate layer was grown on the Si(100) substrate using an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) system. The density of surface states at the CeO 2 /Si(100) interface was estimated from the capacitance-vs-voltage ( C - V ) characteristics of Al/CeO 2 /Si(100) samples to be 8×10 11 /cm 2 eV, and CeO 2 films on Si(100) are therefore expected to be suitable as gate oxides for metal/ferroelectric/semiconductor-field-effect transistors (FETs). Experimental results derived from the C - V characteristics of metal/ferroelectric/insulator/semiconductor (MFIS)-structured samples show that the MFIS structure has ferroelectric switching properties, as demonstrated by the roughly 2.4 V threshold hysteresis in its C - V characteristics (“memory window”). Furthermore, the retention time of the MFIS sample was estimated to be 100,000 s by measuring the time dependence of capacitance at the voltage at the centuer of the memory window. Interfacial lines of the MFIS structure were clear in a transmission electron microscope image, and an amorphous CeO x layer and an amorphous SiO 2 layer were seen between the Si substrate and PbTiO 3 film. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy revealed that there was little diffusion of Si atoms into the PbTiO 3 layer on the CeO 2 /Si substrate.
Enhanced Ethylene and Ethane Production with Free-Radical Cracking Catalysts (1986)

A series of free-radical catalysts have been discovered that increase the yield of highly valuable olefins from the cracking of low molecular weight paraffins. For example, catalytic cracking of n-butane, isobutane, and propane over manganese or iron supported on magnesium oxide (MgO) gave product distributions different from those given by thermal (free-radical) cracking or cracking over traditional acid catalysts. With n-butane and propane feeds, the products from catalytic cracking included large amounts of ethylene and ethane; with isobutane feed, propylene was the major product. Physical characterization of the MgO-supported catalyst showed the manganese to be in a 2+ oxidation state in the reduced catalyst and a 4+ oxidation state in the fully oxidized catalyst. Manganese was also shown to be uniformly distributed in the support material with very little enrichment at the surface. Matrix isolation of the gasphase radicals from n-butane feed showed that ethyl and methyl radicals were produced over the active catalysts. In the thermal process, only methyl radicals were produced. The mechanism of the catalytic reaction appears to be selective formation of primary carbanions at the catalyst surface followed by electron transfer and release of primary hydrocarbon radicals to the gas phase.
First Experience of <sup>18</sup>F-Alfatide in Lung Cancer Patients Using a New Lyophilized Kit for Rapid Radiofluorination (2013)

(18)F-alfatide can be produced with excellent radiochemical yield and purity via a simple, 1-step, lyophilized kit. PET scanning with (18)F-alfatide allows specific imaging of αvβ3 expression with good contrast in lung cancer patients. This technique might be used for the assessment of angiogenesis and for planning and response evaluation of cancer therapies that would affect angiogenesis status and integrin expression levels.
Honeywell MEMS inertial technology & product status (2004)

Honeywell has been engaged in the silicon micromachining technology since the late 1960's. MEMS-based pressure sensing systems are a significant element of Honeywell's Aerospace business. With the acquisition of the Draper Laboratory MEMS gyro and accelerometer, technology in 1999, Honeywell has reaffirmed its commitment to this game-changing technology. This paper describes the progress of Honeywell's MEMS inertial product development. The performance of IMU and INS/GPS products will be presented along with development and performance roadmaps.
Life history of a riverine, resident Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. (1988)

The Mellingselva river, a tributary of the River Namsen, in central Norway, supports a population of freshwater resident Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which resembles a parr and which completes its entire life cycle in the river. The maturing females of this population are particularly small-sized (13.6 - 22.8 cm, mean 17.6 cm). They mature at an early age (mean 3.9 years), and have a low fecundity (55 - 190 eggs, median 95 eggs) compared to that of other salmon populations, both nonanadromous and anadromous. The annual mean growth rate after age of two years is about 2.0 cm and the low annual survival rate reflects the poor living conditions in this river. In spite of its small size when adult, this salmon lays large eggs (5.0 mm). This may be a compensatory mechanism that promotes the survival of offspring in spite of the low fecundity and low survival rate of the adults. These life history traits resemble those recorded for both anadromous Atlantic salmon parr and of resident brown trout (Salmo trutta) that live in impoverished rivers.
A CMOS electrochemical impedance spectroscopy biosensor array for label-free biomolecular detection (2010)

A fully integrated 10×10 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy array is designed for label-free biomolecular detection applications. Each biosensor pixel includes an on-chip bio-functionalized electrode and a direct-conversion receiver capable of measuring complex admittance levels as low as 10·¿¿ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> with a dynamic range larger than 90 dB in a 10 Hz-to-50 MHz frequency range.
Preparation of chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)‐<i>g</i>‐poly(<i>N</i>‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone) membranes and their water permeation properties (2003)

Abstract Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) membranes for microfiltration processes were prepared with the combined process of a solvent evaporation technique and the water‐vapor induced‐phase‐inversion method. CPVC membranes with a mean pore size of 0.7 μm were very hydrophobic. These membranes were subjected to surface modification by ultraviolet (UV)‐assisted graft polymerization with N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NVP) to increase their surface wettability and decrease their adsorptive fouling. The grafting yields of the modified membranes were controlled by alteration of UV irradiation time and NVP monomer concentration. The changes in chemical structure between the CPVC membrane and the CPVC‐ g ‐poly( N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone) membrane and the variation of the topologies of the modified PVC membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. According to the results, the graft yield of the modified CPVC membrane reached a maximum at 5 min of UV exposure time and 20 vol % NVP concentration. The filtration behavior of these membranes was investigated with deionized water by a crossflow filtration measurement. The surface hydrophilicity and roughness were easily changed by the grafting of NVP on the surface of the CPVC membrane through a simultaneous irradiation grafting method by UV irradiation. To confirm the effect of grafting for filtration, we compared the unmodified and modified CPVC membranes with respect to their deionized water permeation by using crossflow filtration methods. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 3188–3195, 2003
The origins of agriculture - a biological perspective and a new hypothesis (2000)

The authors review evidence from several areas of research which show that cereals and dairy foods have drug like properties and show that these properties may have been the incentive for the initial adoption of agriculture. They suggest that civilisation not only arose out of self-administration of artificial reward but is maintained in this way among contemporary humans. (non-author abstract)
A High‐Yield Approach to the Sulfonation of Methane to Methanesulfonic Acid Initiated by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and a Metal Chloride (2003)

Bei niedrigen Temperaturen und Drücken gelingt die Sulfonierung von Methan mit einem geeigneten Katalysator und Radikalstarter [Gl. (1); MSA=Methansulfonsäure]. Die Weiterentwicklung dieser Reaktion zum industriellen Prozess erscheint vielversprechend: Der Initiator-Komplex ist sowohl stabil, als auch leicht zu handhaben, und der RhCl3-Katalysator kann zurückgewonnen werden.