gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Density Association Study of 383 Candidate Genes for Volumetric BMD at the Femoral Neck and Lumbar Spine Among Older Men (2009)

Genetics is a well-established but poorly understood determinant of BMD. Whereas some genetic variants may influence BMD throughout the body, others may be skeletal site specific. We initially screened for associations between 4608 tagging and potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 383 candidate genes and femoral neck and lumbar spine volumetric BMD (vBMD) measured from QCT scans among 862 community-dwelling white men >or=65 yr of age in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). The most promising SNP associations (p < 0.01) were validated by genotyping an additional 1156 white men from MrOS. This analysis identified 8 SNPs in 6 genes (APC, DMP1, FGFR2, FLT1, HOXA, and PTN) that were associated with femoral neck vBMD and 13 SNPs in 7 genes (APC, BMPR1B, FOXC2, HOXA, IGFBP2, NFATC1, and SOST) that were associated with lumbar spine vBMD in both genotyping samples (p < 0.05). Although most associations were specific to one skeletal site, SNPs in the APC and HOXA gene regions were associated with both femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD. This analysis identifies several novel and robust genetic associations for volumetric BMD, and these findings in combination with other data suggest the presence of genetic loci for volumetric BMD that are at least to some extent skeletal-site specific.
Solvatochromic Effects on the Electron Exchange Chemiluminescence (CIEEL) of Spiroadamantyl-Substituted Dioxetanes and the Fluorescence of Relevant Oxyanions (1998)

A comparative spectral study on the intramolecular chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) of five spiroadamantyl-substituted dioxetanes by various enzymatic and chemical triggers (alkaline phosphatase, HO-, and F-) in protic (H2O, D2O, and MeOH) and aprotic (MeCN and DMSO) solvents and the fluorescence of the authentic methyl m-oxybenzoate anion in the same media is reported. The present study reveals that the CIEEL spectral maxima are independent of the reaction medium and the means of triggering, whereas the fluorescence spectrum of the authentic CIEEL emitter depends on the solvent. In the aprotic solvents the CIEEL and the fluorescence spectra coincide, while in the protic media the fluorescence maxima of the authentic methyl m-oxybenzoate ion are blue-shifted by ca. 50 nm relative to those of the CIEEL emission. Neither exciplex formation nor specific environmental influence of the enzyme on the chemiexcited oxybenzoate accounts for the spectral shift between the CIEEL and the fluorescence emissions. The substitution pattern of the fluorophore is decisive for the observed solvent effects. For the odd-substituted methyl oxybenzoate, in which the oxy and the ester functionalities are cross-conjugated, a blue shift applies in the protic media, but not for the even-patterned methyl oxynaphthoate, with the oxy and ester groups extendedly conjugated. These divergent spectral observations are rationalized in terms of hydrogen-bonding effects, which are qualitatively substantiated by the semiempirical AM1 calculations.
Acute tolerance to methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children* (1999)

Acute tolerance to methylphenidate appears to exist. This should be considered in the design of an optimal dosing regimen for the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Mapping of human non‐muscle type cofilin (CFL1) to chromosome 11q13 and muscle‐type cofilin (CFL2) to chromosome 14 (1996)

Cofilin is a widely-distributed, intracellular, actin binding protein which is involved in the translocation of actin-cofilin complex from cytoplasm to nucleus. We have cloned a non-muscle-type cofilin (CFL1) from a human promyelocytic cDNA library and mapped this to human chromosome 11 by PCR amplification of 3' untranslated sequence in a panel of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids, and to the interval 11q12-q13.2 in a chromosome 11 somatic cell hybrid mapping panel. Confirmation of regional localisation to 11q13 has been obtained by fluorescent in situ hybridisation of genomic cosmid clones, by demonstration of the presence of both SEA (the human homologue of avian retrovirus proviral tyrosine kinase, 11q13) and CFL1 in some of these clones and by close linkage of CFL1 to SEA in a panel of high-dose irradiation hybrids. We have identified human muscle-type cofilin sequences by comparison of human expressed sequence tags with M-type cofilins of other species and we have mapped the human M-type cofilin, CFL2, to chromosome 14.
Are Some Drinkers Resistant to Hangover? A Literature Review (2008)

To assess the incidence of hangover we: (1) reviewed the experimental and survey literature; (2) performed secondary analyses on two large population surveys; and (3) calculated the incidence of hangover among young adults participating in several randomized trials we conducted on the aftereffects of heavy drinking. Survey data included adults admitted for alcohol detoxification, community adults who ever got "tipsy" or "high", adolescents in high school who ever drank heavily, adults who drank heavily in the past 12 months, and university students. Most of the experimental trials brought participants to intoxication. The consistency of findings across study designs, populations, and referenced time period suggests that around 23% of the population may be resistant to hangover. Since propensity for hangover may affect drinking patterns, further research on the consequences and predictors of hangover insensitivity is warranted.
Role of Fibronectin in Intravesical BCG Therapy for Superficial Bladder Cancer (1988)

Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been demonstrated to be effective both for prophylaxis and treatment of superficial bladder cancer. In order to identify the progression of events that result in BCG-mediated antitumor activity, studies were performed to evaluate the mechanism of binding of BCG within the bladder. Histological and quantitative studies in a mouse model revealed that BCG attached to the bladder wall only in areas of urothelial damage. Preliminary in vitro data showed that BCG attached to surfaces coated with extracellular matrix proteins. Further studies were then performed using purified extracellular matrix proteins to identify the proteins responsible for attachment. BCG were observed to attach to surfaces coated only with purified fibronectin (FN) but not to other purified proteins including laminin, collagen or fibrinogen. The attachment of BCG to purified FN in vitro was dose dependent and was inhibited by anti-FN antibodies. Moreover, BCG attachment in vivo to bladders with damaged urothelial surfaces was inhibited more than 95% by anti-FN antibodies, but binding was not affected by anti-laminin antibodies or preimmune serum. A survey of commercially available BCG vaccines (Pasteur, Tice, Glaxo, Connaught) showed that only Glaxo BCG did not attach to FN-coated surfaces. Glaxo BCG also was shown to express inferior antitumor activity suggesting that the absence of FN binding by Glaxo may have been associated with the absence of antitumor activity of the vaccine.
Vertical multi-junction cells for thermophotovoltaic conversion (1995)

Photovoltaic energy conversion can be very efficient in a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system where the emitted radiation is near the bandgap energy of the TPV cell. Limit conversion efficiencies greater than 50% are theoretically possible with near bandgap radiation at high power densities with ideal cell designs. The unique features and characteristics of the vertical multi‐junction (VMJ) cell structure make it ideally suited for efficient TPV conversion. Vertical junction unit cells are most responsive to near bandgap energy photons. Vertical contacts eliminate the need for conventional top and bottom ohmic contacts that obstruct light or impede reflection of lower than bandgap energy photons. These features and the inherent high‐voltage and low‐series resistance characteristics of the VMJ cell assures efficient operation at high power densities. Additionally, VMJ cells can be fabricated from silicon or germanium for many TPV applications from 1500 to 2500 °K.
The topology of dark networks (2008)

Knowing the structure of criminal and terrorist networks could provide the technical insight needed to disrupt their activities.
Reliability and Degradation Modeling with Random or Uncertain Failure Threshold (2007)

This paper developed extensions to the existing research so that reliability assessment based on degradation modeling can address new problem domains that previously did not meet the required assumptions and modeling constraints. Degradation modeling is based on probabilistic modeling of a failure mechanism degradation path and comparison of a projected distribution to a pre-defined failure threshold. Previous approaches to this problem required that the predefined failure threshold must be considered as a fixed deterministic value, which can be problematic for several reasons. Often, the designer and producer of a part or a system have many diverse users of their products. In practice, the critical threshold value can vary appreciably among users. In this case, a probabilistic, rather than a deterministic threshold value is more appropriate. For other applications, the designer may not know with certainty what explicit level of degradation will cause a failure. In this case, specification of a range of possible threshold values is more appropriate. This also can be accommodated by considering the threshold value as a random variable with some assumed distribution to reflect the variability. New modeling approaches are presented in this paper such that this limiting assumption is no longer required. This should allow systems with more varied usage conditions and failure mechanisms to be analyzed using degradation-based reliability assessment methods.
A 24-GHz RF Transmitter in 65-nm CMOS for In-Cabin Radar Applications (2020)

A 24-GHz direct-conversion transmitter is proposed for in-cabin radar applications. The proposed RF transmitter consists of an I/Q up-conversion mixer, an I/Q local (LO) oscillator generator, and a power amplifier. To improve the linearity of the I/Q up-conversion mixer, an inverter transconductor with third-order intermodulation (IM3) distortion cancellation is proposed. To improve the I/Q balancing performance of the I/Q LO generator, a poly-phase filter, including parasitic line inductance, is proposed. By employing a highly linear I/Q up-conversion mixer and a balanced I/Q LO generator, the 24-GHz direct-conversion transmitter achieves high linearity and I/Q balancing characteristics. It is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process and consumes 150 mW. It shows an OP1dB of 8.6 dBm, an LO leakage of −48 dBc, and an image rejection ratio of −49 dBc for the entire operating band from 24 GHz to 24.5 GHz.
Role of interferon gamma in the pathogenesis of primary respiratory syncytial virus infection in BALB/c mice (2000)

Immunologic mechanisms are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in humans. RSV-infected BALB/c mice exhibit tachypnea and signs of outflow obstruction, similar to symptoms in humans. Interferon gamma (IFNgamma) has been found to be the predominant cytokine produced in humans and mice with RSV infection. We therefore undertook this study to evaluate the role of IFNgamma in the development of respiratory illness in RSV-infected mice. BALB/c mice were infected with RSV, and lung function was assessed by plethysmography. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were analyzed for the concentration of interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and the presence of inflammatory cells, and lung tissue sections were examined for histopathologic changes. The role of IFNgamma was further addressed in studies of IFNgamma knock-out mice (IFNgamma(-/-)) and of mice depleted of IFNgamma by in vivo administration of a neutralizing antibody. After infection, mice developed respiratory symptoms that were strongly associated with the number of inflammatory cells in BAL, as well as with the concentrations of IFN-gamma. Both IFN-gamma(-/-) mice and mice treated with anti-IFNgamma developed more extensive inflammation of the airways than control mice. However mice lacking IFNgamma exhibited less severe signs of airway obstruction. Together these data suggest a protective role of IFNgamma in RSV infection in terms of limiting viral replication and inflammatory responses but also a pathogenic role in causing airway obstruction.
Dialog Intent Induction with Deep Multi-View Clustering (2019)

We introduce the dialog intent induction task and present a novel deep multi-view clustering approach to tackle the problem. Dialog intent induction aims at discovering user intents from user query utterances in human-human conversations such as dialogs between customer support agents and customers. Motivated by the intuition that a dialog intent is not only expressed in the user query utterance but also captured in the rest of the dialog, we split a conversation into two independent views and exploit multi-view clustering techniques for inducing the dialog intent. In particular, we propose alternating-view k-means (AV-KMEANS) for joint multi-view representation learning and clustering analysis. The key innovation is that the instance-view representations are updated iteratively by predicting the cluster assignment obtained from the alternative view, so that the multi-view representations of the instances lead to similar cluster assignments. Experiments on two public datasets show that AV-KMEANS can induce better dialog intent clusters than state-of-the-art unsupervised representation learning methods and standard multi-view clustering approaches.
A Self-Efficacy Theory Explanation for the Management of Remote Workers in Virtual Organizations (1999)

The current study is a first step in investigating how virtual organizations can manage remote employees effectively. The research used self-efficacy theory to build a model that predicts relationships between antecedents to employees' remote work self-efficacy assessments and their behavioral and attitudinal consequences. The model was tested using responses from 376 remote managed employees in 18 diverse organizations. Overall, the results indicated that remote employees' self-efficacy assessments play a critical role in influencing their remote work effectiveness, perceived productivity, job satisfaction, and ability to cope. Furthermore, strong relationships were observed between employees' remote work self-efficacy judgments and several antecedents, including remote work experience and training, best practices modeling by management, computer anxiety, and IT capabilities. Because many of these antecedents can be controlled managerially, these findings suggest important ways in which a remote employee's work performance can be enhanced, through the intermediary effect of improved remote work self-efficacy. The current study also provides a basis for future research in the remote work area through its development and testing of a remote management framework.
Character-Aware Neural Language Models (2016)

We describe a simple neural language model that relies only on character-level inputs. Predictions are still made at the word-level. Our model employs a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a highway net work over characters, whose output is given to a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network language model (RNN-LM). On the English Penn Treebank the model is on par with the existing state-of-the-art despite having 60% fewer parameters. On languages with rich morphology (Arabic, Czech, French, German, Spanish, Russian), the model outperforms word-level/morpheme-level LSTM baselines, again with fewer parameters. The results suggest that on many languages, character inputs are sufficient for language modeling. Analysis of word representations obtained from the character composition part of the model reveals that the model is able to encode, from characters only, both semantic and orthographic information.
Influence of Concomitant Food Intake on the Excretion of Orally Administered <i>myo</i> -Inositol Hexaphosphate in Humans (2006)

myo-Inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6) widely occurs in plant seeds. At present, some important benefits of InsP6 for human health have been described. The purpose of this study was to find the best condition for the optimum absorption of orally administered InsP6, evaluated by InsP6 urinary excretion. The influence of different stomach conditions (empty, empty with an alkalinizing agent, and full stomach) on the effects of oral administration of InsP6 and its urinary excretion was investigated in six healthy subjects on an InsP6-poor diet, given 400 mg of calcium/magnesium salt of InsP6 as a single dose. The basal urinary excretion of InsP6 on an InsP6-poor diet (50.91 +/- 15.09 microg) was significantly lower than that found when an InsP6-normal diet was consumed (100.09 +/- 26.42 microg) (P < .05). No differences were observed in the areas under the curve of accumulated excretion at 8 hours among the three different stomach conditions studied, suggesting that the overall InsP6 absorption took place independently of the stomach state (full or fasted) and indicating that the InsP6 absorption also takes place during the intestinal transit. Thus, if InsP6 supplements of vegetal origin are consumed to maintain the optimum InsP6 levels needed for a healthy status, these supplements can be consumed either during or between meals with the same efficacy.
A novel D–A-π-A organic sensitizer containing a diketopyrrolopyrrole unit with a branched alkyl chain for highly efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells (2012)

A novel D-A-π-A type organic dye (YCD01) incorporating a diketopyrrolopyrrole unit with a branched alkyl chain was synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cells. YCD01 showed a high conversion efficiency of 7.43% (AM 1.5, 100 mW cm(-2)) with a J(sc) of 13.40 mA cm(-2), a V(oc) of 0.76 V, a FF of 0.73 and an excellent stability.
Carbohydrate Metabolism-Mutants of a Bacillus Species (1971)

During the course of studies on the effects of mutation in carbohydrate metabolism on the synthesis of purine derivatives, it was found that three mutants of a Bacillus species, which lacked transketolase or D-ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase, accumulated a large amount of D-ribose in the culture medium. The amount of D-ribose was about 35mg per ml of the broth incubated for 6 days. D-Ribose in the broth was purified in crystalline form and was identified from its chemical and physical properties.
Spermatogonial apoptosis has three morphologically recognizable phases and shows no circadian rhythm during normal spermatogenesis in the rat (1992)

In this study we examined the possibility that regular or circadian fluctuations occur in the frequency of spontaneous spermatogonial apoptosis. Apoptosis of A2, A3 and A4 type spermatogonia occurring spontaneously in the normal rat testis was studied by light and electron microscopy. Normal and apoptotic A3 spermatogonia were quantified in 36 animals killed at two-hourly intervals over a 24 h period. Three sequential phases of spermatogonial apoptosis were defined and quantified separately: (i) an early phase in which cells showed margination of nuclear chromatin, (ii) an intermediate phase in which phagocytosed apoptotic bodies were partly degraded and (iii) a late phase in which only debris of degraded apoptotic bodies was evident. Groups of spermatogonia linked by intercellular bridges underwent apoptosis synchronously. Normal and apoptotic A3 spermatogonia occurred at a mean frequency of 33.4 and 9.6 per 10 seminiferous tubule profiles respectively; there was a large variation in these frequencies between animals, but no peaks or circadian periodicity were detected. Progressive degradation of apoptotic bodies was evident, the average ratios of intermediate and late bodies to early bodies being 1.5 and 3.5, respectively. Absence of a circadian rhythm in these data does not exclude the possibility that initiation of apoptosis in susceptible spermatogonial clones is synchronous, and that affected clones undergo lag periods of differing duration before expressing morphological apoptosis.
Real-time stereo vision using semi-global matching on programmable graphics hardware (2006)

Extracting depth information from pairs of stereo images in real-time allows interactive 3d operations on live video streams. We present a novel adaptation of the Semi-Global Matching (SGM) Algorithm [Hirschmuller 2005] to graphics processing (GPU) hardware, which operates in real-time and frees the CPU for other tasks. We also present shaders which use the extracted depth information to manipulate the video stream in real time.
<i>NAT2</i> slow acetylator genotype as an important modifier of breast cancer risk (2004)

N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a polymorphic enzyme participating in the metabolism of numerous pharmaceutical drugs and carcinogens found in tobacco smoke and diet. The NAT2 gene is highly polymorphic and several different allelic variants exist that determine the acetylator phenotype. In the course of our case-control study, we developed a new method based on fluorogenic allele-specific probes for analyzing the C282T and T341C polymorphisms of the NAT2 gene in 483 Finnish breast cancer patients and 482 healthy population controls. The slow NAT2 acetylation capacity-associated genotypes posed a somewhat increased overall breast cancer risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.73). This association was found to be confined to the advanced (stage III or IV) breast cancer (OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.29-5.24). When stratified by smoking habits, women who had smoked <5 pack-years and carried a NAT2 slow acetylator genotype were at a 2.6-fold (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.01-6.48) risk of breast cancer. Moreover, women with the NAT2 slow acetylator genotype and low body mass index (BMI) (<25.4 kg/m2) were at somewhat increased risk of this malignancy (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.07-2.39). Our results therefore suggest that NAT2 slow acetylator genotype may be an important modifier of environmentally induced breast cancer risk in Finnish women.
Direct 3D-collaboration with Face2Face - implementation details and application concepts (2012)

In this paper we present a system for video based remote collaboration in stereoscopic 3D that supports multi-touch interaction. The presented system seamlessly integrates shared virtual 3D-material into a video conference application. The system utilizes a calibrated stereo camera setup to capture the collaborating users through a semi-transparent holographic screen. The resulting novel form of remote communication is analyzed for its practicability in varying application scenarios. For this, the impact of preconditions of different scenarios on the overall performance of the system and implications on its design are evaluated. Furthermore, we propose techniques to achieve telepresence in those scenarios by improving image quality and suggest an approach for automatic camera calibration to make the installation and maintenance of Face2Face feasible.