gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near unit efficiency of triplet production in an electron-transfer reaction (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNear unit efficiency of triplet production in an electron-transfer reactionD. J. Freed and Larry R. FaulknerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 13, 4790–4792Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00768a091https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00768a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Constant Detection of CD2, CD3, CD4, and CD5 in Fixed and Paraffin-embedded Tissue Using the Peroxidase-mediated Deposition of Biotin-Tyramide (1997)

Immunohistochemical methods are widely used for diagnostic purposes in histopathology. However, the use of most monoclonal anti-leukocyte antibodies is limited to frozen tissues. Initially, it was believed that formalin fixation in particular, which is the gold standard for morphological tissue preservation, destroys most of the antigen binding sites. In recent years, protease digestion and the introduction of microwave techniques have significantly enhanced the sensitivity of immunohistochemical techniques, and a variety of hidden antigen sites in formalin-fixed tissue have been retrieved for initially unreactive antibodies. It therefore became clear that many of the leukocyte antigens are not irreversibly destroyed but are most probably masked during the fixation process. We developed a technique combining optimized pretreatment of formalin-fixed tissue with a dramatic enhancement of the immunohistochemical sensitivity and named it the ImmunoMax method. The ImmunoMax method proves that by optimizing the technique at the following three levels it is possible to detect formalin-sensitive leukocyte antigens: (a) standard fixation of the tissue; (b) sufficient antigen unmasking; and (c) increasing the substrate turnover by multiplication of binding sites with subsequent enhancement of the immunohistochemical reaction. Using this optimized ImmunoMax method, we were able to detect CD2, CD3, CD4, and CD5 with conventional monoclonal antibodies in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of various lymphoid tissues.
Highly selective self-condensation of cyclic ketones using MOF-encapsulating phosphotungstic acid for renewable high-density fuel (2015)

MOF encapsulating catalyst is very selective to transfer biomass-derived cyclic ketones to mono-condensed product through self-condensation and provides great potential for the synthesis of renewable high-density biofuel.
The Tukhachevsky affair and president Edvard Benes: Solutions and open questions (1996)

(1996). The Tukhachevsky affair and president Edvard Benes: Solutions and open questions. Diplomacy & Statecraft: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 505-529.
Mechanisms of the Photochemical Rearrangement of Diphenyl Ethers (1996)

The mechanism of the photochemical rearrangement of diphenyl ether (1a) was studied. Irradiation of 1a in ethanol gave 2-phenylphenol (2, 42%) and 4-phenylphenol (3, 11%) as rearrangement products, in addition to phenol (4, 30%) and benzene (5, 25%) as diffusion products. Cross-coupling experiments employing [(2)H(10)]1a demonstrated that the formation of 2- and 4-phenylphenol was an intramolecular process. Irradiation of 1a in benzene or in toluene gave biphenyls in good yields. The combined yields of rearrangement products (2and 3) increased with increase of solvent viscosity, with a concomitant decrease in the formation of 4. All the results can be rationalized in terms of excitation of 1a to the singlet state and dissociation to a radical pair intermediate involving phenoxy and phenyl radicals. Intramolecular recombination of these radicals gives rearrangement products, and escape followed by hydrogen abstraction from the solvent gives diffusion products. When position 4 of 1a was occupied by an electron-donating substituent (1b-e), aryloxy-phenyl bond cleavage to give the corresponding rearrangement products prevailed over phenoxy-aryl bond cleavage. The opposite was the case for substrates with an electron-withdrawing substituent at position 4 (1h,i).
27.2: Trade‐off between Luminance and Color in RGBW Displays for Mobile‐phone Usage (2007)

Abstract Compared to RGB displays, RGBW displays enable higher luminance levels at equal power consumption. One of their drawbacks, however, is their reduced color saturation. In this paper, the trade‐off between luminance and color saturation is evaluated in a perception experiment for several algorithms to map RGB input to RGBW pixel data. It is shown that the optimal mapping algorithm is affected by image content.
Peptide presentation by bacteriophage P4 (1995)

This article focuses on bacteriophage P4 as a potential peptide display phage by exploring the possibility of using the P4 capsid decoration component, Psu, as a peptide carrier protein. Psu is non-essential for P4 growth but it enhances the stability of the P4 capsid by binding to its exterior. We have constructed a unique SacI cloning site in the beginning of the psu gene. This site changes the third amino acid of Psu from Ser to Leu. This substitution does not destroy the binding of Psu to the P4 capsid. A synthetic oligonucleotide encoding a 10-amino acid peptide whose sequence is part of the human p62c-myc protein, has been inserted into the SacI site. The Psuc-myc shows full capsid binding activity and reacts with monoclonal antibodies directed against the c-myc peptide. These results pave the way for the further development of a peptide display system based on bacteriophage P4.
Improved PCR Performance Using Template DNA from Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissues by Overcoming PCR Inhibition (2013)

Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues represent a valuable source for biomarker studies and clinical routine diagnostics. However, they suffer from degradation of nucleic acids due to the fixation process. Since genetic and epigenetic studies usually require PCR amplification, this degradation hampers its use significantly, impairing PCR robustness or necessitating short amplicons. In routine laboratory medicine a highly robust PCR performance is mandatory for the clinical utility of genetic and epigenetic biomarkers. Therefore, methods to improve PCR performance using DNA from FFPE tissue are highly desired and of wider interest. The effect of template DNA derived from FFPE tissues on PCR performance was investigated by means of qPCR and conventional PCR using PCR fragments of different sizes. DNA fragmentation was analyzed via agarose gel electrophoresis. This study showed that poor PCR amplification was partly caused by inhibition of the DNA polymerase by fragmented DNA from FFPE tissue and not only due to the absence of intact template molecules of sufficient integrity. This PCR inhibition was successfully minimized by increasing the polymerase concentration, dNTP concentration and PCR elongation time thereby allowing for the robust amplification of larger amplicons. This was shown for genomic template DNA as well as for bisulfite-converted template DNA required for DNA methylation analyses. In conclusion, PCR using DNA from FFPE tissue suffers from inhibition which can be alleviated by adaptation of the PCR conditions, therefore allowing for a significant improvement of PCR performance with regard to variability and the generation of larger amplicons. The presented solutions to overcome this PCR inhibition are of tremendous value for clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.
Atrial Fibrillation and CHADS2 Risk Factors are Associated with Highly Sensitive C‐Reactive Protein Incrementally and Independently (2009)

Risks factors associated with AF were associated with higher hs-CRP in an incremental manner. The presence of AF increased hs-CRP across the CHADS2 score strata is supportive of the concept that AF is an inflammatory process and may convey independent risk.
Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treating Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Systematic Review (2012)

Studies involving excitatory rTMS/tDCS at M1 showed analogous pain reductions as well as considerably fewer side effects compared to FDA apaproved FMS pharmaceuticals. The most commonly reported side effects were mild, including transient headaches and scalp discomforts at the stimulation site. Yearly use of rTMS/tDCS regimens appears costly ($11,740 to 14,507/year); however, analyses to apapropriately weigh these costs against clinical and quality of life benefits for patients with FMS are lacking. Consequently, rTMS/tDCS should be considered when treating patients with FMS, particularly those who are unable to find adequate symptom relief with other therapies. Further work into optimal stimulation parameters and standardized outcome measures is needed to clarify associated efficacy and effectiveness.
EFFECT OF EDTA ON THE GERMINATION OF AND OUTGROWTH FROM SPORES OF Clostridium botulinum 62‐A (1971)

SUMMARY –EDTA, in concentrations above 2.5 mM, was found inhibitory to germination of and outgrowth from spores of C. botulinum Type A and to toxin production in a fish homogenate. Inhibitory action was influenced by pH of the medium in the range pH 6.5–8.1, the action increasing with pH. It was influenced by Mg and Ca concentrations in the medium, equimolar concentrations of added CaCl 2 or MgCl 2 , completely erasing the growth inhibitory action. Initial spore concentration also influenced inhibitory efficacy–the higher the spore concentration, the higher the EDTA concentration required for inhibition. There was no evidence that EDTA, in any concentration used, promoted spore germination. Release of Ca, Mg and DPA from incubating spores was suppressed to varying extents by 5.0 and 10 mM EDTA.
Gluability of Kraft Lignin Copolymer Resins on Bonding Southern Pine Plywood (1995)

Pine kraft lignin was treated with 10 percent sodium hydroxide solution at 125°C for one hour. The alkali treated kraft lignin was used to synthesize copolymer resins with phenol and formaldehyde. The copolymer resins were evaluated for bonding southern pine plywood. The lignin to phenol weight ratio, formaldehyde to lignin molar ratio, and hot press time requirement of the copolymer resin were also investigated. The bond quality of copolymer resins, having a lignin to phenol weight ratio of 20/80 and 40/60, was generally comparable with that of the commercial phenol-formaldehyde resin in bonding southern pine plywood. The curing rate and flow property of lignin copolymer resins, however, were deteriorated by the lignin. The optimum molar ratio of formaldehyde to lignin ranged from approximately 1.0 to 1.6. The higher formaldehyde concentration accelerated the curing rate of copolymer resin, but it caused more glueline dry out
IMMUNOAFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURIFICATION OF HUMAN COAGULATION FACTOR IX AND PREPARATION OF FACTOR IX DEFICIENT PLASMA (1991)

A monoclonal antibody specific for the calcium (or magnesium) -stabilized conformation of factor IX (FIX) was prepared and coupled to Affi-gel-15. The starting material, plasma, was mixed with divalent calcium or magnesium and applied to this column. The immobihized antibody was capable of binding F IX only. The plasma passed through the column was the F IX deficient plasma. F IX was eluted by the buffer in the absence of calcium and magnesium.

The eluted peak behaved as a single band on reduced and nonreduced SDS-PAGE (silver stain) . The specific activity of F IX product ranged between 140 and 180 units/mg and approached the theoretical level. The recovery of F IX was 90 percent. This method allowed a rapid single step 10000-fold purification of F IX from plasma.


Key words: 
Immunoaffinity chromatographic column; factor IX; factor IX deficient plasma
Recombinant Expression of Human Mast Cell Proteases Chymase and Tryptase (1998)

Expression of recombinant human chymase and tryptase was achieved in a baculovirus-insect cell system using a fusion protein construct. Recombinant baculovirus was produced with DNA coding for a NH2-ubiquitin-chymase-COOH or NH2-ubiquitin-tryptase-COOH fusion protein inserted immediately downstream of the signal sequence for the secreted envelope protein, glycoprotein 67. In each construct, the natural prepropeptide sequence of the protease was replaced by the amino acid sequence for the enterokinase cleavage site of trypsinogen. High Five insect cells infected with either of the modified baculovirus produced mg quantities of each fusion protein per liter of culture. Treatment of the chymase-fusion protein with enterokinase or the tryptase-fusion protein with enterokinase in the presence of a highly charged polysaccharide (dextran sulfate or heparin) produced enzymatically active proteases with properties of the native enzymes. A procedure for the purification of mg quantities of recombinant chymase from infected-cell medium is presented.
C.—Substituted nitrogen chlorides containing the azo-group (1902)

F. D. Chattaway, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1902, 81, 982 DOI: 10.1039/CT9028100982
First-Principles Study of Chemical Stability of the Lithium Oxide Garnets Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>M<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (M = Zr, Sn, or Hf) (2014)

Li-oxide garnet-related structures are promising solid-state Li-ion electrolytes in Li-ion batteries. However, garnet-type structures are susceptible to carbonate and hydroxide formation in environments containing gaseous CO2 and H2O. Therefore, in considering garnets for Li-ion conducting applications, chemical stability is an important issue. We examine the chemical stability of Li7La3Zr2O12, Li7La3Sn2O12, and Li7La3Hf2O12 with respect to carbonate and hydroxide formation reactions using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. From these studies, we rank the chemical stability of Li-oxide garnet-related structures against CO2 and H2O. The ranking of these materials by their chemical stability with respect to carbonate and hydroxide formation changes at higher partial pressures of CO2 and H2O.
Delivery of exogenous mitochondria via centrifugation enhances cellular metabolic function (2018)

Mitochondria are essential organelles involved in the maintenance of cell growth and function, and have been investigated as therapeutic targets in various diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that direct mitochondrial transfer can restore cellular functions of cells with inherited or acquired mitochondrial dysfunction. However, previous mitochondrial transfer methods are inefficient and time-consuming. Here, we developed a simple and easy mitochondrial transfer protocol using centrifugation, which can be applied to any cell type. By our simple centrifugation method, we found that the isolated mitochondria could be successfully transferred into target cells, including mitochondrial DNA-deleted Rho<sup>0</sup> cells and dexamethasone-treated atrophic muscle cells. We found that mitochondrial transfer normalised ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level, and the oxygen consumption rate of the target cells. Furthermore, delivery of intact mitochondria blocked the AMPK/FoxO3/Atrogene pathway underlying muscle atrophy in atrophic muscle cells. Taken together, this simple and rapid mitochondrial transfer method can be used to treat mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
Solution Behavior and Self-Assembly of Complexes from Poly(α-methylstyrene)-<i>block</i>-poly(<i>N</i>-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium) Cations and Aerosol OT Anions (1998)

The solution behavior of stoichiometric complexes from poly(α-methylstyrene)-block-poly(N-ethyl-4-vinypyridinium) cations (PMeS-b-PE4VP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) anions in a variety of organic solvents with low polarity is characterized. These complexes as well as the stoichiometric complexes between homopolymer poly(N-ethyl-4-vinypyridinium) cations (PE4VP) and AOT were soluble in most common organic solvents except aliphatic hydrocarbons. Both PMeS-b-PE4VP- and PE4VP-based complexes dissolve in hexane in the presence of small amounts of mixed methanol−ethyl ether cosolvent. The PMeS-b-PE4VP/AOT complex forms stable micelle-like aggregates with an effective diameter of ca. 70 nm under these conditions. Such aggregates are not observed in the solutions of the PE4VP/AOT complex. PMeS segments in the PMeS-b-PE4VP/AOT complex segregate into an insoluble core, while the PE4VP segments bound with AOT stabilize these particles in solution. Such a type of morphology has not been described and is unique for polymer−surfactant complexes.
Interconnect thermal modeling for accurate simulation of circuit timing and reliability (2000)

We apply three-dimensional finite element analysis to study the thermal coupling between nearby interconnects. We find that the temperature rise in current-carrying lines is significantly influenced by a dense array of lines in a nearby metal level. In contrast, thermal coupling between just two neighboring parallel lines is insignificant for most geometries. Design rules for average root-mean-square current density are provided for specific geometries given the requirement that the interconnect temperature be no more than 5/spl deg/C above the substrate temperature. Semi-empirical formulae for coupling effects are presented based on the numerical results. A procedure is proposed to implement the formulae in computer-aided design tools.
Computational differential equations (1997)

From the Publisher:
This two volume introduction to the computational solution of differential equations uses a unified approach organized around the adaptive finite element method. It presents a synthesis of mathematical modeling, analysis, and computation.
Tri-phasic zirconia electrolyte for the in-situ determinations of silicon activities in hot metal (1988)

Tri-phasic zirconia electrolyte, which consists of cubic ZrO2–MgO solid solution, monoclinic ZrO2 and 2MgO · SiO2, was applied to solid state electrochemical sensor for rapid determinations of silicon activities in hot metal. The performance of the cell: Mo + MoO2 / tri-phasic zirconia electrolyte / Fe + Si + C was tested with molten iron at 1723 K. The cell potentials showed good sensitivity to the variation of silicon content in the melt. Ein Dreiphasen-Zirkondioxidelektrolyt, bestehend aus kubischem ZrO2–MgO in fester Lösung, monoklinischem ZrO2 und 2MgO · SiO2 wurde in elektrischen Festkörpersensoren verwendet, um die Siliciumaktivitäten im Roheisen schnell feststellen zu können. Die Leistung der Kette: Mo + MoO2 / Dreiphasen-Zirkondioxidelektrolyt / Fe + Si + C wurde in der Schmelze bei 1723 K untersucht. Das Potential der Kette zeigte gute Empfindlichkeit im Hinblick auf die Veränderungen des Siliciumgehalts in der Schmelze.
Effect of coupling between emergency department and inpatient unit on the overcrowding in emergency department (2007)

Emergency department (ED) overcrowding has become a common problem in the United States as well as other developed nations, threatening the safety of patients who rely on timely emergency treatment. Volume of high-acuity patients and the volume of patients that are later admitted to the inpatient unit (IU) are factors reported as major causes of ED overcrowding. These two factors can be interpreted to represent the strength of the interaction between an ED and its associated IU. In addition to confirming the observations reported in previous studies, we were able to use discrete event simulation to characterize the relationship between IU utilization and ED crowding: it was found that the sensitivity of ED overcrowding with respect to IU utilization depends on the degree of coupling between the two units. Our findings have potential implications in guiding a hospital's effort to optimize their system.
<title>Effect of the instrumental function on measurements of phase functions of scattering by large particles at small scattering angles</title> (1999)

Within the framework of the small-angle approximation, a rigorous analytic solution to the problem of determining the instrumental function has been obtained for measurements of the scattering phase functions considering finite angular sizes of a radiation source and receiver. It has been shown that the instrumental function is described by an integral of a product of the Bessel functions. The instrumental function is expressed in terms of elementary functions. The effect of the instrumental function on the accuracy of measuring small-angle scattering-phase functions for different particle sizes is discussed.
Hepatic dysfunction in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission: Relation to hepatitis infection (2001)

In children undergoing treatment for ALL, elevations in liver enzymes may be primarily due to hepatitis viruses. However, maintenance therapy using known hepatotoxic drugs, may have additive deleterious effects. Liver enzymes are normalized in affected patients when maintenance therapy is temporarily suspended.
Percutaneous absorption and the surface area of occluded skin. (1974)

Scanning electron microscopy of samples of human skin occluded for 72 h, revealed that the hydrated stratum corneum not only swells, but develops multiple folds. Surface area estimations of such stratum corneum, utilizing stereo pairs of the photomicrographs, indicated a 37% increase over the normal, non‐occluded horny layer values. It is speculated that the increase in absorptive area contributes to the increased skin permeability following occlusion.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-linked Glutamate Transporter Mutant Has Impaired Glutamate Clearance Capacity (2001)

We have investigated the functional impact of a naturally occurring mutation of the human glutamate transporter GLT1 (EAAT2), which had been detected in a patient with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The mutation involves a substitution of the putative N-linked glycosylation site asparagine 206 by a serine residue (N206S) and results in reduced glycosylation of the transporter and decreased uptake activity. Electrophysiological analysis of N206S revealed a pronounced reduction in transport rate compared with wild-type, but there was no alteration in the apparent affinities for glutamate and sodium. In addition, no change in the sensitivity for the specific transport inhibitor dihydrokainate was observed. However, the decreased rate of transport was associated with a reduction of the N206S transporter in the plasma membrane. Under ionic conditions, which favor the reverse operation mode of the transporter, N206S exhibited an increased reverse transport capacity. Furthermore, if coexpressed in the same cell, N206S manifested a dominant negative effect on the wild-type GLT1 activity, whereas it did not affect wild-type EAAC1. These findings provide evidence for a role of the N-linked glycosylation in both cellular trafficking and transport function. The resulting alteration in glutamate clearance capacity likely contributes to excitotoxicity that participates in motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.