gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-destructive characterization of extended crystalline defects in confined semiconductor device structures (2018)

Semiconductor heterostructures are at the heart of most nanoelectronic and photonic devices such as advanced transistors, lasers, light emitting diodes, optical modulators and photo-detectors. However, the performance and reliability of the respective devices are often limited by the presence of crystalline defects which arise from plastic relaxation of misfit strain present in these heterogeneous systems. To date, characterizing the nature and distribution of such defects in 3D nanoscale devices precisely and non-destructively remains a critical metrology challenge. In this paper we demonstrate that electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) is capable of analyzing individual dislocations and stacking faults in confined 3D nanostructures, thereby fulfilling the aforementioned requirements. For this purpose we imaged the intensity of electrons backscattered from the sample under test under controlled diffraction conditions using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In contrast to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, no electron transparent specimens need to be prepared. This enables a significant reduction of the detection limit (i.e. lowest defect density that can be assessed) as our approach facilitates the analysis of large sampling volumes, thereby providing excellent statistics. We applied the methodology to SiGe nanostructures grown by selective area epitaxy to study in detail how the nature and distribution of crystalline defects are affected by the dimensions of the structure. By comparing our observations with the results obtained using X-ray diffraction, TEM and chemical defect etching, we could verify the validity of the method. Our findings firmly establish that ECCI must be considered the method of choice for analyzing the crystalline quality of 3D semiconductor heterostructures with excellent precision even at low defect densities. As such, the technique aids in better understanding of strain relaxation and defect formation mechanisms at the nanoscale and, moreover, facilitates the development and fabrication of next generation nanoelectronic and photonic devices.
Mechanism of Hyperalgesia in SART Stressed (Repeated Cold Stress) Mice: Antinociceptive Effect of Neurotropin (1991)

Exposing mice to 24 and 4 degrees C in alternate 1 hr periods in the day time and maintaining 4 degrees C at night for several days decreases the tail clamp pressure required to evoke pain behavior. This model is referred to as SART (specific alternation rhythm of temperature) stress. An extract from inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus (neurotropin) clearly normalized the hyperalgesia in this SART stress model. To clarify the mechanism of the hyperalgesia in SART mice and the mode of the antinociceptive action of neurotropin in this model, the influence of systemically administered neurotransmitter related drugs was studied. 1) Neurotropin, 5-hydroxytryptophan and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine significantly normalized the decrease in nociceptive threshold, and muscimol tended to inhibit it in nociceptive threshold in SART stressed mice. 2) Haloperidol, phenoxybenzamine, reserpine, bicuculline, scopolamine, physostigmine and naloxone alone did not influence the nociceptive threshold in SART stressed mice. 3) The antinociceptive effect of neurotropin was significantly attenuated by p-chlorophenylalanine, haloperidol and phenoxybenzamine; and it was completely inhibited by reserpine. 4) Naloxone, bicuculline, scopolamine and physostigmine had no influence on the antinociceptive effect of neurotropin. These results suggest that hypofunction mainly of the monoaminergic systems contributes to hyperalgesia in SART stressed mice and that neurotropin produces the antinociceptive effect by restoring these neural functions.
Pointing Acquisition And Tracking System For Silex Inter Satellite Optical Link (1989)

This paper is concerned with the architecture and functional analysis of the Pointing Acquisition and Tracking (PAT) subsystem of the European Silex program (Semiconductor laser Intersatellite Link Experiment). The Silex scenario is composed of two optical terminals mounted on low earth orbit, and geosynchronous orbit spacecrafts. High rate communication between the two terminals requires very accurate tracking performances over a high bandwidth taking into account satellite vibrations as well as PAT electromechanical or optical noise. In a first part, a detailed presentation of the retained functional architecture in terms of control laws and strategies, steering algorithms and related signal processing is given, while a second part presents the design choices retained for the PAT equipments. Emphasis will be given on the different operating modes strategy and switching required by the different phases of the PAT mission : acquisition, tracking and pointing. Finally, a performance analysis is carried out that concerns the rejection capacity with respect to vibrations generated by the host spacecraft, as well as optical sensors noise and mechanism error effects. Spacecraft vibrations profile is derived from in flight measurements on SPOT1 satellite and on ground measurements on SPOT2. Performance analysis will be illustrated by time and frequency simulations based on equipment modelling, and actual performances measurements derived from current associated technological programs.
SYNTHESIS OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYL-1,4-DIOXAN-2-ONE (1991)

(1991). SYNTHESIS OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYL-1,4-DIOXAN-2-ONE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 762-764.
<title>Innovative integrated plasma tool for process and exhaust monitoring</title> (1999)

Vacuum-level problems in semiconductor process tools -- from leaks or contamination -- can significantly reduce product yield and tool availability if not detected quickly. Here we present a portable and compact plasma sensor which can monitor the fingerprint of effluent from the process chamber to the exhaust piping by optical emission spectroscopy. The device and tests to monitor and control semiconductor process are described. Further applications such as effluent treatment are tackled.
Synthesis of novel polyfluorinated acrylic monomers and oligomers (1993)

An unhindered tertiary amine catalyzed reaction of monofunctional and difunctional hydrocarbon acrylates with paraformaldehyde under neat conditions yields unique difunctional acrylic monomers and oligomers, respectively. These multifunctional vinyl products have a predominantly 1,6-diene structure which favors cyclopolymerization. This reaction has been extended to the synthesis of similar polyfluorinated aliphatic monomers arrangements are determined by the nature of their fluoroester groups, e.g.-CF{sub 2}CH{sub 2}O{sub 2}C- favors a 1,4-diene rather than a 1,6-diene structure. In the present study the scope of this novel formaldehyde/acrylate insertion condensation reaction was further extended to include the synthesis of polyfluorinated aryl difunctional monomers and oligomers, e.g. from 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl acrylate and hexafluorobisphenol A diacrylate. The former did not require DMSO and yielded 1,6-, 1,8- and 1,10-dienes whereas the latter required DMSO and yielded oligomers mainly with 1,4-diene linkages.
A comparison between ion-to-photon and microchannel plate detectors (1999)

An alternative detector for time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the ion-to-photon detector, detecting light produced when ions impact a surface coated with a fluorescent compound, was compared to a conventional microchannel plate detector. Single ion experiments showed that, for a given energy, the efficiency of the ion-to-photon detector relative to the microchannel plate detector decreases as the molecular mass of the impinging ion increases. This decrease becomes less pronounced for larger ions. Seen as a function of the ion velocity, a linear relationship was found. The conversions into photons and electrons were also compared. It was found that 22 keV ions up to 150 Da produced more photons than secondary electrons. For larger ions at this energy, the opposite was observed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth Factor Receptor-Directed Therapy in Human Breast Cancer. (1996)

Growth factors and their receptors are crucial in the regulation of breast cancer cell growth. Since the HER-2 growth factor receptor pathway is implicated in the progression of breast cancer in the clinic, we have targeted HER-2 receptors for therapeutic intervention. Our research goals are: 1) To induce human breast tumor remission with antibody to HER-2 receptor in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. A therapeutic advantage of antibody to HER-2 receptor combined with drugs that damage breast cell DNA has been shown. In addition, the interaction between antireceptor antibodies and DNA-reactive chemotherapy drugs is schedule-dependent for optimal antitumor activity. 2) To assess the clinical significance of HER-2 gene expression in resistance to DNA-damaging drugs. By several different measures, modulation of DNA repair pathways occurs on activation of HER-2 receptor by anti-HER-2 antibody. Moreover, the adverse prognosis in patients with HER-2- overexpressing breast cancers may be related more to acquired rather than to intrinsic drug resistance. 3) To define the role of HER-2 and heregulin gene expression in antiestrogen resistance. Although HER-2-overexpressing breast cancers are resistant to estrogens and to tamoxifen, the latter cancers are sensitive to pure antiestrogens and to tamoxifen administered in combination with antibodies that down-regulate HER-2 receptors at the cell surface.
LETTERS (1994)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTLETTERSCHI-SAN WUView Author Information Wayne, N.J.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1994, 72, 38, 4–5Publication Date (Print):September 19, 1994Publication History Published online11 November 2010Published inissue 19 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v072n038.p004https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v072n038.p004letterACS PublicationsCopyright © 1994 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (214 KB) Get e-Alerts
Quantitative determination of the major saponin mixture bacoside A in <i>Bacopa monnieri</i> by HPLC (2005)

Abstract Bacoside A, the putative bioactive component of the Indian medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri , was found to be a mixture of saponins with bacoside A 3 (1), bacopaside II (2), jujubogenin isomer of bacopasaponin C (3) and bacopasaponin C (4) as major constituents. An HPLC method together with an optimised extraction procedure was developed for the estimation of 1–4 in B. monnieri to enable standardisation of the latter. Concentration ranges of the analytes in samples of B. monnieri collected from different regions of India were 0.14–0.85% (w/w) (1), 0.12–0.69% (2), 0.05–0.72% (3) and 0.05–0.44% (4). The importance of using bacoside A, with known concentrations of 1–4, as a reference standard for the routine analysis of B. monnieri is highlighted. Two common ﬂavonoids, luteolin and apigenin, were present in all samples of B. monnieri . Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of glass fiber tips for scanning near-field optical microscopy by sealed- and open-tube etching (2004)

A method, sealed-tube etching, for fabricating glass fiber tips used in scanning near-field optical microscopy is reported. Two glass tips are formed simultaneously inside the acrylate jacket of an optical fiber that is sealed at the bottom end with plastic prior to etching in hydrofluoric acid. The qualities of the tips generated from this and conventional tube etching methods are compared in terms of their taper length, surface smoothness, as well as time evolution of the tip shapes. Etching mechanisms are proposed for this method, which provides more insight into the conventional tube etching method than previously considered.
Radio Observations of Pre-protostars (1969)

It is suggested that when an interstellar cloud, with associated magnetic field, collapses to form stars, the magnetic energy is dissipated in the acceleration of particles, producing non-thermal radio sources, and that the latter have been observed in the galactic plane.
Use of true-complement optical images for efficient associative memory implementation (1990)

While true and complement images have the same information content, it is advantageous to retain both kinds of images for associative memory. This allows the implementation of a very simple optical computer which can perform real-time image matching. If a test image and a complementary stored image is compared optically with a complementary test image and a stored image, the emerging light intensity is proportional to the Hamming distance between the images. The suggested architecture then carries out efficient parallel comparison and points out the best matched test image using a TV screen and transparencies. A time-varying light-intensity (or a time-varying thresholding voltage) source and a thresholding device are used to select the best match in parallel. The architecture is also ideally suited to finding the closeness of match of two images for quality control-type operations. It can also be used for providing a feedback to search for the best match
The principle of reciprocity in signal strength calculations?A mathematical guide (2000)

Confusion exists over the application of the Principle of Reciprocity to NMR signal strength calculations when wavelength in a sample is comparable to the latter's size. A simple and easily reproduced bench experiment that validates the principle is therefore described. Building on the experimental results, elementary mathematics are employed to derive simple equations for the B1 fields in both the negatively and the positively rotating frames. Using these equations, the reader is then guided through the steps needed to deduce correctly the signal received in an NMR experiment. The article should serve as a resource for those attempting signal strength calculations. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 12: 173–187, 2000
Acquiring Professional Skills through a Problem-based Learning Course in a Subject-based Curriculum (2005)

Background: Professional skills,including team-work, self-directed learning and accountability are applicable to a range of clinical scenarios and contexts. Theoretically, these skills can be acquired by a course of learning within a problem-based learning (PBL)paradigm. The aim of the study was to evaluate student perceptions of learning achievement and student acceptance of aPBL unit of study (course) in paediatric physiotherapy that was embedded within an established subject-based physiotherapy curriculum.Method: The study had two phases and involved two student cohorts, with some revisions to the second cohort's learning program and the questionnaire based on findings from the first cohort investigation. In Phase 1 (cohort 1), 154(82 per cent) of the students completed questionnaires evaluating the learning program. Focus groups were conducted ten months later with 18 students. In Phase 2 (cohort 2), 118 (62 percent)of the students completed a revised questionnaire. For Phase 1, mean rating agreement for meeting all learning outcomes was between 84 per cent and 97 per cent. Most suggestions from the questionnaires and focus groups concerned unit structure and process.Results: For Phase 2, mean rating agreement for meeting all learning objectives was between 88 per cent and 96 per cent. Students' perceptions that they had attained pre-determined learning outcomes were consistent with their final marks and performance in the final oral examination.Conclusion: Students can achieve learning outcomes from an embedded PBL unit of study and derive benefits such as confidence in applying knowledge to novel situations.
Moisture Resistive, U. V. Transmissive Passivation for Plastic Encapsulated EPROM Devices (1984)

A unique U. V. transmissive passivation process for One Time Programmable EPROMS has been developed which provides moisture resistance for the plastic encapsulated devices and allows erasure of hermetic devices. This passivation, which consists of a two layer film of plasma enhanced CVD oxynitride and phosphorus doped oxide, requires no change in current interlayer dielectric, metal composition or circuit layout. This approach is novel in that it continues to utilize 9% to 10% phosphorus doped CVD oxide as an interlayer dielectric, while most plastic compatable processes require control of phosphorus concentration to approximately 7%. Observed moisture related failure mechanisms, which include single bit charge loss, metal line corrosion and input/output leakage, were investigated and related to specific processing parameters. Processing limits were then determined to eliminate these failure modes.
Automatic Feature Identification in Dental Meshes (2012)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
Synthesis of Some 4-Quinolones and Related Structures for Evaluation as Potential Antimalarial Agents (1974)

Abstract : The object was to synthesize and submit for antimalarial evaluation new compounds related to either endochin (2-methyl-3-heptyl-7-methoxy-4(1H)- quinolone) or the 3-carbomethoxy-4(1H)-quinolones that had shown moderate to good antimalarial activity. A total of 31 new compounds, 16 of these target compounds, were synthesized and submitted for antimalarial evaluation. Compound BD26235 (N-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-methyl-3-n-heptyl-7-methoxyquinolone, endochin-N- oxide), when tested against sporozoite-induced P. gallinaceum infection in chicks, cured 2 out of 5 chicks at a dose of 30 mg/Kg; 3 out of 5 chicks at a dose of 120 mg/Kg and 5 out of 5 chicks at a dose of 480 mg/Kg with no toxicity at any dose level. Compound BE11382 (3-carboethoxy-6-n-butyl-7- phenoxyethylmercapto-4(1H)quinolone) was found to increase the mean survival time of the treated animals over that of the control group by 3.5 days at a dose of 320 mg/Kg and by 5.3 days at a dose of 640 mg/Kg with no toxicity when tested in the blood-induced P. berghei mouse test.
Experimental excess volumes of organic carbonate+alkane systems. Estimation of the parameters of the Nitta–Chao model for this kind of binary mixture (1998)

Excess volumes at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure of some organic carbonate+alkane binary systems have been measured using an Anton Paar 602 HP densimeter. For the first time, published data on excess enthalpies, excess volumes, excess Gibbs energies of the above-mentioned binary systems together with the vaporisation enthalpies and the molar volumes of the pure organic carbonates, were used to estimate the interaction parameters between the carbonate group O–CO–O and the methyl and methylene groups, CH3, CH2, respectively. The mean deviations between experimental and theoretical values were smaller than 6% for all the properties. We have also compared our results with those obtained by García etal. with the Original, Tassios etal., Larsen etal. and Gmehling etal. versions of the UNIFAC model and with those obtained by Kehiaian etal. using the DISQUAC model.
Gas Diffusion Layers for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Using <i>In situ</i> Modified Carbon Papers with Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanoforest (2010)

Abstract Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) enable the distribution of reactant gases to the reaction zone in the catalyst layers by controlling the water in the pore channels apart from providing electrical and mechanical support to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). In the present work, we report the in situ growth of carbon nanotubes nanoforest (CNN) directly onto macro‐porous carbon paper substrates. The surface property as analysed by a Goniometer showed that the CNN/carbon paper surface is highly hydrophobic. CNN/carbon paper was employed as a GDL in an MEA using Nafion‐212 membrane as an electrolyte and evaluated in single cell PEMFCs. While the GDLs prepared by wire‐rod coating process have major performance losses at lower humidities, the in situ CNN/carbon paper, developed in this work, shows very stable performance at all humidity conditions demonstrating a significant improvement for fuel cell performance. The CNN/carbon‐based MEAs showed very stable performance with power density values of ∼1,100 and 550 mW cm –2 , respectively, both using O 2 and air as oxidants at ambient pressure.
Dynamics of multiphase media (1991)

Part 1 Volume 1: equations of mechanics of heterogeneous continuous media mechanics of processes near dispersed particles drops and bubbles wave dynamics of shocks and detonations in condensed media with phase transitions dynamics of two-velocity flows of disperse media (gas-particle suspensions) gas and wave dynamics of combustion and detonation of gas particle suspensions and powders. Part 2 Volume 2: wave dynamics of bubbly liquids hydrodynamics and thermodynamics of stationary one-dimensional gas-liquid and vapor-liquid flows in channels theory of inertia-free and percolation flows of heterogeneous media.
A novel multiplex PCR assay for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in human faeces (2006)

This is a novel multiplex PCR assay, which contains an internal amplification control and enables concurrent survey for Salmonella virulence genes.
<title>New liquid crystal lens</title> (2002)

A detail description of a new liquid crystal lens is presented. The focal length of the lens is a function of the applied voltage. The working mechanism of the liquid crystal lens is explained. The lens acts as a magnifying glass is demonstrated as an example.