gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equimolar CO<sub>2</sub> Absorption by Anion-Functionalized Ionic Liquids (2010)

Amino acid ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium methioninate [P(66614)][Met] and prolinate [P(66614)][Pro] absorb CO(2) in nearly 1:1 stoichiometry, surpassing by up to a factor of 2 the CO(2) capture efficiency of previously reported ionic liquid and aqueous amine absorbants for CO(2). Room temperature isotherms are obtained by barometric measurements in an accurately calibrated stirred cell, and the product identity is confirmed using in situ IR. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the 1:1 reaction stoichiometry and predict reaction enthalpies in good agreement with calorimetric measurements and isotherms.
Mesopore Structure of Microcrystalline Cellulose Tablets Characterized by Nitrogen Adsorption and SEM:  The Influence on Water-Induced Ionic Conduction (2006)

Tablets of microcrystalline cellulose were formed at different compaction pressures and physical properties, such as pore size distribution, surface area, and pore surface fractality, were extracted from N2 adsorption isotherms. These properties were compared to previously published data on the water-induced ionic conductivity of the tablets. The conduction process was shown to follow a percolation model with a percolation exponent of 2 and a porosity percolation threshold of approximately 0.1. The critical pore diameter for facilitated charge transport was shown to be in the 5-20 nm range. When the network of pores with a diameter in this interval is reduced to the point where it no longer forms a continuous passageway throughout the compact, the conduction process is dominated by charge transport on the surfaces of individual microfibrils mainly situated in the bulk of fibril aggregates. A fractal analysis of nitrogen adsorption isotherms showed that the dominant interface forces during adsorption is attributed to surface tensions between the gas and the adsorbed liquid phase. The extracted fractal dimension of the analyzed pore surfaces remained unaffected by the densification process at low compaction pressures (< approximately 200 MPa). At increased densification, however, pore-surface structures smaller than approximately 100 nm become smoother as the fractal dimension decreases from approximately 2.5 at high porosities to approximately 2.3 for the densest tablets under study.
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission From People Without COVID-19 Symptoms (2021)

In this decision analytical model of multiple scenarios of proportions of asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19 and infectious periods, transmission from asymptomatic individuals was estimated to account for more than half of all transmissions. In addition to identification and isolation of persons with symptomatic COVID-19, effective control of spread will require reducing the risk of transmission from people with infection who do not have symptoms. These findings suggest that measures such as wearing masks, hand hygiene, social distancing, and strategic testing of people who are not ill will be foundational to slowing the spread of COVID-19 until safe and effective vaccines are available and widely used.
Chitin-induced activation of immune signaling by the rice receptor CEBiP relies on a unique sandwich-type dimerization (2014)

Perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) triggers various defense responses in plants. This MAMP-triggered immunity plays a major role in the plant resistance against various pathogens. To clarify the molecular basis of the specific recognition of chitin oligosaccharides by the rice PRR, CEBiP (chitin-elicitor binding protein), as well as the formation and activation of the receptor complex, biochemical, NMR spectroscopic, and computational studies were performed. Deletion and domain-swapping experiments showed that the central lysine motif in the ectodomain of CEBiP is essential for the binding of chitin oligosaccharides. Epitope mapping by NMR spectroscopy indicated the preferential binding of longer-chain chitin oligosaccharides, such as heptamer-octamer, to CEBiP, and also the importance of N-acetyl groups for the binding. Molecular modeling/docking studies clarified the molecular interaction between CEBiP and chitin oligosaccharides and indicated the importance of Ile122 in the central lysine motif region for ligand binding, a notion supported by site-directed mutagenesis. Based on these results, it was indicated that two CEBiP molecules simultaneously bind to one chitin oligosaccharide from the opposite side, resulting in the dimerization of CEBiP. The model was further supported by the observations that the addition of (GlcNAc)8 induced dimerization of the ectodomain of CEBiP in vitro, and the dimerization and (GlcNAc)8-induced reactive oxygen generation were also inhibited by a unique oligosaccharide, (GlcNβ1,4GlcNAc)4, which is supposed to have N-acetyl groups only on one side of the molecule. Based on these observations, we proposed a hypothetical model for the ligand-induced activation of a receptor complex, involving both CEBiP and Oryza sativa chitin-elicitor receptor kinase-1.
<b>Accessory proteins impose site selectivity during ColE1 dimer resolution</b> (1996)

The cer-Xer dimer resolution system of plasmid ColE1 is highly selective, acting only at sites on the same molecule and in direct repeat. Recombination requires the XerCD recombinase and accessory proteins ArgR and PepA. The Escherichia coli chromosome dimer resolution site dif and the type II hybrid site use the same recombinase but are independent of ArgR and PepA and show no site selectivity. This has led to the proposal that ArgR and PepA are responsible for the imposition of constraint. We describe here the characterization of a novel class of "conditionally constrained' multimer resolution sites whose properties support this hypothesis. In the presence of ArgR and PepA, plasmids containing conditionally constrained sites are monomeric, but in their absence, extensive multimerisation is seen. A mutant ArgR derivative (ArgR110), which is defective in cer-mediated dimer resolution, remains able to prevent plasmid multimerisation by a conditionally constrained site. This implies that the accessory factors block recombination in trans rather than ensuring rapid multimer resolution. When the distance between the ArgR and XerCD binding sites in a conditionally constrained site was altered by a non-integral number of helical turns, the site became unconstrained. Constraint was restored by the insertion of a full helical turn.
Effect of solvents on the molecular weight of polyacrylonitrile obtained by anionic catalysis (1962)

Abstract The effect of solvents on the molecular weight of polyacrylonitrile obtained by anionic polymerization with butyllithium was investigated. The molecular weight was found to decrease with increase in the dielectric constant of the solvents or their solvating power in the following order: petroleum ether « dimethylaniline > diethyl ether > tetrahydrofuran > dimethylformamide. The termination step of the polymerization is by chain transfer to monomer. The rate of propagation increases with increase in the dielectric constant, and the decrease in molecular weight seems to be due to a greater increase in the rate of termination. This lowering in molecular weight in anionic polymerization with increase in the dielectric constant is contrary to what is generally known in cationic polymerization, where, due to termination by the gegenion, the molecular weight increases.
통합적 기업이미지 관리에서레드 컬러 심볼마크의 유형에 관한 연구-2002년 월드컵 이후와 2008년 현재 비교- (2008)

2002 한․일 월드컵으로 인해 기업들은 월드컵에서 탄생한 붉은악마 R세대에 관심을 갖고 레드계열 컬러를 신제품 개발과 디자인, 마케팅에 연결시켜 소비자들의 마음을 사로잡았다. 2002년 월드컵 이후 레드컬러의 붐이 지속적인가, 또 실제로 국민들에게 많은 영향을 끼쳤는지를 살펴보기 위해 레드 컬러에 대한 색채심리와 국내에서 인기를 얻고 있는 레드컬러 제품과 국내 100대 기업을 대상으로 2002년 레드 붐 직후인 2002년 12월과 2008년 2월 현재레드 컬러가 적용된 기업을 조사해 보았다. 심볼마크의 분석은 Per Mollerup의 심볼마크 유형별 분류에 따라 분류하였는데 여성구매자를 주고객으로 하는 가전제품 시장에 있어서는 백색가전을 탈피한 레드 컬러가전이 현재까지 큰 인기를 얻고 있다. 기업의 얼굴이라고 할 수 있는 심볼마크의 경우 레드 컬러를 주조색으로 하는 심볼마크가 오히려 2002년과 29개에서 2008년 2월 현재는 21개로 줄었음을 알 수 있었다. 레드 컬러가 적용되더라도 표현방법이 기존의 심볼마크와 비교하여 곡선과 부드러움이 추가 되고 약간의 서브컬러를 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문이 국내 모든 기업의 심볼마크를 조사한 것이 아니며 분야별로도 다르게 나타날 것으로 예상이 되는 아쉬움이 남지만 국내 기업의 심볼마크의 유형과 레드 컬러를 주조색으로 심볼마크를 제작할 때 본 논문이 도움이 되기를 바란다.
Privacy in mobile technology for personal healthcare (2012)

Information technology can improve the quality, efficiency, and cost of healthcare. In this survey, we examine the privacy requirements of mobile computing technologies that have the potential to transform healthcare. Such mHealth technology enables physicians to remotely monitor patients' health and enables individuals to manage their own health more easily. Despite these advantages, privacy is essential for any personal monitoring technology. Through an extensive survey of the literature, we develop a conceptual privacy framework for mHealth, itemize the privacy properties needed in mHealth systems, and discuss the technologies that could support privacy-sensitive mHealth systems. We end with a list of open research questions.
Optophysiology: Depth-resolved probing of retinal physiology with functional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (2006)

Noncontact, depth-resolved, optical probing of retinal response to visual stimulation with a <10-microm spatial resolution, achieved by using functional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (fUHROCT), is demonstrated in isolated rabbit retinas. The method takes advantage of the fact that physiological changes in dark-adapted retinas caused by light stimulation can result in local variation of the tissue reflectivity. fUHROCT scans were acquired from isolated retinas synchronously with electrical recordings before, during, and after light stimulation. Pronounced stimulus-related changes in the retinal reflectivity profile were observed in the inner/outer segments of the photoreceptor layer and the plexiform layers. Control experiments (e.g., dark adaptation vs. light stimulation), pharmacological inhibition of photoreceptor function, and synaptic transmission to the inner retina confirmed that the origin of the observed optical changes is the altered physiological state of the retina evoked by the light stimulus. We have demonstrated that fUHROCT allows for simultaneous, noninvasive probing of both retinal morphology and function, which could significantly improve the early diagnosis of various ophthalmic pathologies and could lead to better understanding of pathogenesis.
Application of the New Dose Equivalent Operational Quantities in Low Energy X Ray Dosimetry (1989)

Low energy X rays in the context of this paper are photons with energies less than 200 keV. These energies are found in many fields of radiation protection as shown by the results of a personal monitoring service. The number of people involved and the collective dose in this energy range make it worthwhile to think about these sources. Physically it is a field of complex interaction of photons with matter, especially because of the considerable influence of the shape and the composition of the interactor. That means that the presence of a phantom changes the radiation field substantially. Data basic to this are backscattering factors and ratios of the mass absorption coefficients. This surely reinforces the main argument for the new quantities, which should allow a conservative estimation of the effective and the organ dose equivalent. The interpretation of the area doses, H* and H', is now easier, but the interpretation of the individual doses, Hp, within the energy range mentioned above has become more difficult.
Energy Harvesting with Piezoelectric Grass for Autonomous Self-Sustaining Sensor Networks. (2014)

The primary objective of this research is to develop a deploy-and-forget energy harvesting device for use in low velocity, highly turbulent, and unpredictable fluid flow environments. The work presented in this dissertation focuses on a novel, lightweight, highly robust, energy harvester design referred to as piezoelectric grass. This biologically inspired design consists of an array of cantilevers, constructed with piezoelectric material. When exposed to a wide range of flow conditions, these cantilevers experience vigorous persistent vibration. Included in this work is an experimentally validated theoretical analysis of the piezoelectric grass harvester generalized for the case of a single cantilever in turbulent cross-flow. A brief parameter optimization study is presented using this distributed parameter model. Two high-sensitivity pressure probes were needed to perform spatiotemporal measurements within various turbulent flows. Measurements with these probes are used to develop a turbulent fluid forcing function. This function is then combined with an analytical structural dynamics model such that not only the modal RMS displacements, but also the modal displacement power spectral density trends are predicted for a given structure. Pressure probe design, turbulence measurement techniques, and both statistical and analytical models are validated with experimental results. An experimental investigation on the energy harvesting potential of large harvester arrays containing up to 112 flexible piezoelectric structures is presented. Experimental results show that a given array will experience large amplitude, waving, resonant-type vibration over a large range of velocities, and is unaffected by large-scale turbulence upstream of the array. These dynamic characteristics make large arrays of flexible piezoelectric structures ideal for many energy harvesting applications. Lastly, this dissertation presents the first documented investigation of a flow-induced vibration phenomenon referred to as dual cantilever flutter (DCF). At a particular combination of flow velocity and distance between two adjacent beams, aeroelastic coupling between the beams causes them to become unstable and undergo limit cycle oscillations. An attractive feature of DCF for energy harvesting is that it provides robust flow-induced excitation over a large range of flow velocities. An experimentally validated lumped parameter model for DCF is presented. Results include CFD simulations that were setup and executed using ANSYS-CFX.
Patient Privacy Protection Using Anonymous Access Control Techniques (2008)

The protocol protects the patient privacy with a secure anonymous authentication to healthcare services and medical record registries according to the European and the UK legislations, where the patient real identity is not disclosed with the distributed patient medical records.
Occurrence of All-<i>cis</i>-6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21-Tetracosahexaenoic Acid in Flatfish Lipids (1994)

The component fatty acids of lipids from four species of flatfish (flathead flounder Hippoglossoides dubius, scalyeye plaice Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi, pointhead flounder Cleisthenes pinetorum herzensteini, and Korean flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri) caught in the Sea of Japan and Funka Bay, Hokkaido were examined using open-tubular gas-liquid chromatography. About sixty fatty acids were observed. Tetracosahexaenoic acid was present as an unusual fatty acid, and the structure was determined as all-cis-6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21-tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3) by spectrometric analyses. In the flatfish examined, the lipids of flathead flounder captured in the Sea of Japan were found to be particularly rich in 24:6n-3 (6-9% of total fatty acids in the flesh, 3% in the liver, and 6% in the viscera). This acid was abundantly found in the triacylglycerols rather than the phospholipids. The results of this study suggest that 24:6n-3 was primarily incorporated into flatfish tissues through their diets.
Experimental Investigation of Pressure Drop in Valve Ports and Conduits of Hermetic Compressors (1982)

Method of measurement of pressure drop in ports of hermetic compressor under discharge pressure is presented.?,22 gas at 298 psig and 215QF condition pumped by hermetic compressor is directed into flow bench type pressure chamber where variety of orifices is installed and pressure drop is measured directly.Compressor and flow bench are installed in series on standard calorimeter which measures capacity and refrigerant mass flow of tested compressor.Local resistance coefficient of test orifice is obtained.Variety of port configurations are tested for details of inlet and outlet edge influence on pressure drop.Port Inlet -bellmouth radius sharp edge counterbore and bore finish chamfer Kidney Shaped Inlet Tube Inlet -plain flared Gas Flow through Port and Valve -effects of sculpturing of the outlet The method and the results proved valuable in understanding of gas flow and porting of compressors.
Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting (1995)

The epidemiology of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting in the United States is not well known; however, with recent national surveys, the prevalence, incidence, and cost of these procedures can be estimated. The prevalence of CSF shunts in the United States appears to be greater than 125,000, though this is likely an underestimate of the true value. There are approximately 69,000 discharges each year with the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. These visits produce nearly 36,000 shunt-related procedures, 33,000 of which involve the placement of a shunt. CSF shunting procedures account for almost US$ 100 million of national health care expenditures each year. Unfortunately, nearly half of these dollars are spent on revision. The rates and costs of CSF shunting underscore the need for continued improvement in both materials and techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Bridgehead Nitrogen Heterocycles. Synthesis of Methanoazepines Fused with Tetrazole, 1,2,4‐Triazole and 1,2,4‐Triazine. (1986)

Abstract Die durch Aminierung der Pyrazole (I) mit Hydroxylamin‐O‐sulfonsäure (II) zugänglichen N‐Amino‐Derivate (III) liefern bei der Oxidation mit Blei(IV)‐acetat unter Ringerweiterung die 1,2,3‐Triazine (IV).
Investigation on the fire-induced hazards of Li-ion battery cells by fire calorimetry (2011)

The use of the high energy Li-ion battery technology for emerging markets like electromobility requires precise appraisal of their safety levels in abuse conditions. Combustion tests were performed on commercial pouch cells by means of the Fire Propagation Apparatus also called Tewarson calorimeter in the EU, so far used to study flammability parameters of polymers and chemicals. Well-controlled conditions for cell combustion are created in such an apparatus with the opportunity to analyse standard decomposition/combustion gases and therefore to quantify thermal and toxic threat parameters governing the fire risk namely the rate of heat release and the effective heat of combustion as well as the toxic product releases. Using the method of O2 consumption, total combustion heats and its kinetic of production were determined as a function of the cell state of charge unveiling an explosion risk in the case of a charged cell. The resulting combustion heat is revealed to be consistent with cumulated contribution values pertaining to each organic part of the cell (polymers and electrolytes) as calculated from thermodynamic data. The first order evaluation of the dangerousness of toxic gases resulting from fire induced combustion such as HF, CO, NO, SO2 and HCl was undertaken and stressed the fact that HF is the most critical gas originating from F-containing cell components in our test conditions.
On Optimal Rationing Policies (1989)

Abstract Identical products or services sold to customers may generate unequal per unit profit contribution. This may occur when the dealer offers discounted prices to quantity buyers. Airlines are known to offer discounted “group fares” for people travelling together in a group. The degree of discounting often depends upon the size of the group. If such a product or service is, in addition, perishable, and when back‐ordering is impossible, the rationing problem becomes one of deciding on the circumstances in which “low priority” customers will be rejected. The purpose of this paper is to derive the residual time and the stock level dependent optimal rationing policies with the objective of maximizing the total expected revenue. Résumé Des produits ou services identiques vendus à des consommateurs peuvenl générer des produits unitaires inégaux. Ceci peut se produire lorsque l'offreur propose des escomptes de quantité. On sail que les lignes aériennes offrent des tarifs de groupes avec escompte. Le degré d'escompte depend souvent de la taille du groupe. Dans le cas où il s'agit d'un produit ou d'un service périssable ou quand on doit livrer la commande immédiatement, le problème du rationnement consiste à décider dans quelles circonstances on rejettera les consommateurs ayant une priorité faible. L'objectif de cette recherche est de mettre en évidence le temps résiduel et le niveau de stocks produisant des politiques de rationnement optimal dont l'objectif est de maximiser le revenu total espéré.
Differential Expression of S100A2 and S100A4 During Progression of Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma (2002)

Loss of S100A2 and increased expression of S100A4 may be an important event during progression of prostate cancer in humans.
Agrin is involved in lymphocytes activation that is mediated by α‐dystroglycan (2006)

It is well established that agrin, an extracellular matrix protein, plays a crucial role in the formation of neuromuscular junctions. Recent evidence indicates that agrin also contributes to immunological synapse formation. However, little is known about how agrin induces the activation of lymphocytes and whose receptors mediate its regulatory effects on these cells. In the present study, agrin was detected in lymphocytes. Up-regulation of agrin expression was involved in lymphocyte activation whereas down-regulation of its expression led to inhibition of both antigen-specific and nonspecific lymphocyte activation, indicating an intrinsic role for agrin in the activation of lymphocytes. Unexpectedly, unlike that found in muscle cells where there is coexpression of muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) and alpha-dystroglycan receptors for agrin, only alpha-dystroglycan could be detected in lymphocytes. Confocal examination showed that alpha-dystroglycan colocalized with agrin in forming the immunological synapse. Down-regulation of alpha-dystroglycan expression inhibited lymphocyte activation even in the presence of agrin. However, agrin involved in down-regulation of alpha-dystroglycan receptors did not increase the inhibitory effect on lymphocytes activation. The anti-alpha-dystroglycan antibody also induced lymphocytes activation. Taken together, these findings strongly indicate that agrin and alpha-dystroglycan mediate lymphocyte activation. Furthermore, agrin-involved lymphocyte activation is mediated by alpha-dystroglycan.
Analysis of optical interferometric displacement detection in nanoelectromechanical systems (2005)

Optical interferometry has found recent use in the detection of nanometer scale displacements of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). At the reduced length scale of NEMS, these measurements are strongly affected by the diffraction of light. Here, we present a rigorous numerical model of optical interferometric displacement detection in NEMS. Our model combines finite element methods with Fourier optics to determine the electromagnetic field in the near-field region of the NEMS and to propagate this field to a detector in the far field. The noise analysis based upon this model allows us to elucidate the displacement sensitivity limits of optical interferometry as a function of device dimensions as well as important optical parameters. Our results may provide benefits for the design of next generation, improved optical NEMS.