gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of SulA cleavage by Lon protease by the C-terminal amino acid of SulA, histidine (2001)

SulA protein, a cell division inhibitor in Escherichia coli, is degraded by Lon protease. The C-terminal eight residues of SulA have been shown to be recognized by Lon; however, it remains to be elucidated which amino acid in the C-terminus of SulA is critical for the recognition of SulA by Lon. To clarify this point, we constructed mutants of SulA with changes in the C-terminal residues, and examined the accumulation and stability of the resulting mutant SulA proteins in vivo. Substitution of the extreme C-terminal histidine residue with another amino acid led to marked accumulation and high stability of SulA in lon+ cells. A SulA mutant in which the C-terminal eight residues were deleted (SulAC161) showed high accumulation and stability, but the addition of histidine to the C-terminus of SulAC161 (SulAC161+H) made it labile. Similarly, SulAC161+H fused to maltose-binding protein (MBP–SulAC161+H) formed a tight complex with and was degraded rapidly by Lon in vitro. Histidine competitively inhibited the degradation of MBP–SulA by Lon, while other amino acids did not. These results suggest that the histidine residue at the extreme C-terminus of SulA is recognized specifically by Lon, leading to a high-affinity interaction between SulA and Lon.
Fabrication of patterned electroluminescent polymers that emit in geometries with feature sizes into the submicron range (1998)

This letter describes the fabrication of structured polymer light-emitting devices (LEDs) that produce patterns of light with feature sizes as small as ∼0.8 μm. Solvent-assisted micromolding of a film of a precursor to poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), produces variations in its thickness that replicate the relief on the mold. Thermal conversion of this precursor produces a film of PPV with the same surface relief. LEDs formed with the structured PPV emit preferentially in the thin regions of the film. Devices fabricated in this manner may be important for constructing plastic visual displays, and could eventually lead to new subwavelength sources of light suitable for applications in near field optics.
Delay and Doppler estimation using cyclostationarity based cross correlation in a multipath environment (2003)

Cyclostationarity based cross correlation delay estimation is known for its substantial tolerance to noise and interference. The multipath echoes of a transmitted signal presented at the receiver, which are not similar to noise and interference, hamper the delay and Doppler estimation from the reflection of the moving target. Thus, suppression of the multipath signals is necessary. In this paper, a cyclostationarity based multipath suppression technique is presented. An example is illustrated to demonstrate its advantage.
An Engineered Chymotrypsin/Cathepsin G Site in Domain I Renders <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry3A Active against Western Corn Rootworm Larvae (2007)

The western corn rootworm remains one of the most important pests of corn in the United States despite the use of many pest management tools. Cry3A, the first coleopteran-active Bacillus thuringiensis toxin isolated, has not been useful for control of the corn rootworm pest complex. Modification of Cry3A so that it contained a chymotrypsin/cathepsin G protease recognition site in the loop between alpha-helix 3 and alpha-helix 4 of domain I, however, resulted in consistent activity of the toxin ("mCry3A") against neonate western corn rootworm. In vitro chymotrypsin digests showed that there was a substantial difference between the enzyme sensitivity of mCry3A and the enzyme sensitivity of Cry3A, with mCry3A rapidly converted from a 67-kDa form to a approximately 55-kDa form. The introduced protease site was also recognized in vivo, where the approximately 55-kDa form of mCry3A toxin was rapidly generated and associated with the membrane fraction. After a point mutation in mcry3A that resulted in the elimination of the native domain I chymotrypsin site (C terminal to the introduced chymotrypsin/cathepsin G protease site of mCry3A), the in vitro and in vivo digestion patterns remained the same, demonstrating that the introduced site was required for the enhanced activity. Also, 55-kDa mCry3A generated by cleavage with chymotrypsin exhibited specific binding to western corn rootworm brush border membrane, whereas untreated 67-kDa mCry3A did not. These data indicate that the mCry3A toxicity for corn rootworm larvae was due to the introduction of a chymotrypsin/cathepsin G site, which enhanced cleavage and subsequent binding of the activated toxin to midgut cells.
Transforming growth factor-β: pleiotropic role in the regulation of hematopoiesis (2000)

Hematopoiesis is a remarkable cell-renewal process that leads to the continuous generation of large numbers of multiple mature cell types, starting from a relatively small stem cell compartment. A highly complex but efficient regulatory network is necessary to tightly control this production and to maintain the hematopoietic tissue in homeostasis. During the last 3 decades, constantly growing numbers of molecules involved in this regulation have been identified. They include soluble cytokines and growth factors, cell-cell interaction molecules, and extracellular matrix components, which provide a multifunctional scaffolding specific for each tissue. The cloning of numerous growth factors and their mass production have led to their possible use for both fundamental research and clinical application.
Formation Control Numerical Simulations of Geometric Patterns for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles with Swarm Dynamical Methodologies (2009)

Formation of geometric shapes with autonomous unmanned mobile agents (which could be ground, undersea, aerial vehicles namely UAV/robots, mobile sensors etc.) is a particular type of the coordination problem. Meanwhile, this is due to broad range of application of multi-agent systems in a lot of project fields in recent years, the coordinated task of multi-agent is currently an important and challenging field of research. By use of the swarm dynamical model, based on artificial potential field (APF) function and Newton-Raphson iteration method, we analyze the special form of swarm aggregation routes of a particular predefined geometrical configuration that is defined by a set of desired inter-agent distance values in this paper. We also perform numerical simulations to examine the performance of the method, the results further indicated that the individual members living in group during the course of coordinative motion can realize the local collision-free the stabilization of particular predefined geometrical configuration formations.
Electron-hole droplets in semiconductors (1983)

Preface. Introduction (L.V. Keldysh). 1. Electron-hole liquid: theory (P. Vashishta, R.K. Kalia and K.S. Singwi). 2. Thermodynamics of electron-hole liquid in semiconductors (V.D. Kulakovskii and V.B. Timofeev). 3. Kinetics of electron-hole drop formation and decay (R.M. Westevelt). 4. Interaction of EHD with deformation field, ultrasound and nonequilibrium phonons (V.S. Bagaev, T.I. Galkina and N.N. Sibeldin). 5. Strain-confined excitons and electron-hole liquid (J.P. Wolfe and C.D. Jeffries). 6. Transport phenomena in electron-hole liquid (Ya. E. Pokrovskii). 7. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with electron-hole droplets (R.S. Markiewicz and T. Timusk). 8. Electron-hole liquid in a magnetic field (A.P. Silin). Author index. Subject index.
A report on CSRF security challenges & prevention techniques (2017)

Now a days, The world wide web is becoming the town square for the global village of today and we, the netizens of globe are becoming essential part of cyberspace. The use of Internet helps in making the journey of our life easy and comfortable but as we all know that every “pros” has some “cons” attached with it, therefore some precautions need to be taken to make the internet life more secure and fruitful in every aspect. In recent scenario, vulnerability is increasing by leaps and bound and web services are often deployed with critical application security faults that prone them to malicious attack and out of all these vulnerability, the most common web application vulnerability is Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). In this paper, we explore the recent challenges faced in CSRF attack, different ways to launch CSR attack and its prevention techniques.
Structured Testing of 2×2 Factorial Effects: An Analytic Plan Requiring Fewer Observations (2011)

In a randomized 2×2 factorial trial, more than one hypothesis is to be tested, so some method must be used to control the probability of falsely rejecting at least one true hypothesis. We contrast familiar elementary methods of controlling the family-wise error rate based on the Bonferroni–Holm procedure with a less familiar but equally elementary form of structured testing associated with the large class of procedures that descend from the closed testing approach of Marcus, Peritz, and Gabriel. In a range of plausible situations, giving priority to main effects in structured testing typically yielded greater power to detect main effects for a given sample size or reduced sample size for a given power; it also permitted testing for interaction when main effects are found.
Fast Recovery Algorithms for Time Encoded Bandlimited Signals (2006)

Time encoding is a real-time asynchronous mechanism of mapping amplitude information into a time sequence. We investigate fast algorithms for the recovery of time encoded bandlimited signals and construct an algorithm that has provably low computational complexity. We also devise a fast algorithm that is parameter-insensitive.
Optimal dynamic interval management in external memory (2002)

The authors present a space- and I/O-optimal external-memory data structure for answering stabbing queries on a set of dynamically maintained intervals. The data structure settles an open problem in databases and I/O algorithms by providing the first optimal external-memory solution to the dynamic interval management problem, which is a special case of 2-dimensional range searching and a central problem for object-oriented and temporal databases and for constraint logic programming. The data structure simultaneously uses optimal linear space (that is, O(N/B) blocks of disk space) and achieves the optimal O(log/sub B/ N+T/B) I/O query bound and O(log/sub B/ N) I/O update bound, where B is the I/O block size and T the number of elements in the answer to a query. The structure is also the first optimal external data structure for a 2-dimensional range searching problem that has worst-case as opposed to amortized update bounds. Part of the data structure uses a novel balancing technique for efficient worst-case manipulation of balanced trees, which is of independent interest.
Benzaldehyde as a Soil Fumigant, and an Apparatus for Rapid Fumigant Evaluation (1999)

An apparatus was developed for the rapid and facile evaluation of soil fumigants in a controlled manner using small volumes of soil. The apparatus consisted of a manifold to which were attached six canisters containing a loamy sand soil (adjusted to –100 kPa soil water potential). The soil was infested with either conidia of Fusarium oxysporum or Trichoderma harzianum ; sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor ; ascospores of Talaromyces flavus ; vermiculite colonized with Pythium aphanidermatum; or beet ( Beta vulgaris L., cv. Detroit Red) seed colonized with Rhizoctonia solani . Using nitrogen gas (N 2 ) as a carrier gas, either N 2 or N 2 plus benzaldehyde was passed continuously through the soil for 24, 48, or 72 hours. At all three exposure times, benzaldehyde + N 2 reduced viability of R. solani and S. minor , and reduced populations of P. aphanidermatum and T. harzianum . Populations of F. oxysporum were reduced after 48 and 72 hours of exposure to benzaldehyde, whereas populations of T. flavus were reduced only after 72 hours of exposure. Fumigation with benzaldehyde + N 2 for 24 hours did not affect soil pH 1 week after exposure, but fumigation for 48 or 72 hours temporarily lowered pH from an average of 6.86 to 5.57 and 5.32, respectively. The biocontrol fungus, T. flavus, was less sensitive to benzaldehyde than the pathogens or the biocontrol fungus, T. harzianum . Thus, combining T. flavus with benzaldehyde to enhance biocontrol may be possible.
Human fibrinogen heterogeneity: the COOH-terminal residues of defective A alpha chains of fibrinogen II. (1992)

Fibrinogen fraction I (340 kDa) and fraction II (305 kDa) were isolated by glycine precipitation. The subunit chains of the two fractions were separated, after reduction, by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The amino acid compositions of the B beta and tau chains of fibrinogen II were identical with those of fibrinogen I. In contrast, the A alpha chains of fibrinogen II were composed of two populations, one comprising homogeneous, intact A alpha chains and the other consisting of heterogeneous, deficient A alpha chains (A alpha' chains) of lengths varying according to the sizes of their COOH-terminal defects. The molar ratio of the A alpha to the A alpha' chains in fibrinogen II was 1.16:1. The amino acid composition and sequence analyses of the TPCK-trypsin peptides derived from the A alpha' chains revealed that the COOH-terminal residues of the A alpha' chains were mainly Asn-269, Gly-297 and Pro-309. These results indicate that the fibrinogen II molecule is asymmetrical and can be represented by the formula (A alpha) (A alpha')(B beta)2(tau)2 and that fibrinogen II cannot be a plasmin degradation product of fibrinogen I.
Imaging of patients having metal implant using X-ray Computed Tomography (2009)

This study introduces a method to reduce the artefact caused by metal implant, and improve the image quality. The factors affecting the image quality of the existing methods are analysed from a different point of view. The observed projection is decomposed into several components including the correspondence of biological tissues, the correspondence of metal implant, noises, and inconsistencies caused by beam hardening. The correspondence of metal implant is identified by initial reconstruction and forward modelling, and the noises are detected and isolated from the projection in wavelet domain. The inconsistencies are approximated and compensated. A patient with medial epicondyle of right femur replaced using femoral component made by Biomet Inc was scanned using a GE Lightspeed 16 X-ray CT scanner and the observed projection is processed by this method. The output image shows that all of the streaking caused by metal implant is eliminated, and the darkness areas caused by beam hardening are retrieved. Comparing with the default output of the CT scanner, the image quality has been significantly improved.
Purification and Characterization of an Endoinulinase from Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli KM 24 Mutant (2015)

An extracellular endoinulinase from <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>phaseoli</i> KM 24 mutant was purified to homogeneity by gel filtration chromatography and showed a specific activity of 119 U/mg. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were found to be 6.0 and 50 °C, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 60 °C, retaining 60% of residual activity for 30 min, but inactivated rapidly above 60 °C. The enzyme was found to be stable at pH=6-9 when it retained 100% of its residual activity. The Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that the apparent <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> and <i>v</i><sub>max</sub> values of the inulinase when using inulin as a substrate were 1.15 mg/mL and 0.15 µM/min, respectively, whereas the <i>k</i><sub>cat</sub> value was found to be 0.145 min<sup>-1</sup>. The calculated catalytic efficiency of the enzyme was found to be 0.126 (mg·min)/mL. The purified inulinase can be used in the production of high fructose syrups.
[Measurements of hearing sensations in ultrasound range by electrical response audiometry (ERA) (author's transl)]. (1978)

Two questions are considered, namely (i) How many colors are needed for a coloring of the n-cube without monochromatic quadrangles or hexagons? We show that four colors suffice and thereby settle a problem of Erdös. (ii) Which vertex-transitive induced subgraphs does a hypercube have? An interesting graph has come up in this context: If we delete a Hamming code from the 7-cube, the resulting graph is 6-regular, vertex-transitive and its edges can be two-colored such that the two monochromatic subgraphs are isomorphic, cubic, edge-transitive, nonvertex-transitive graphs of girth 10.
Regulation of cell death in mitotic neural progenitor cells by asymmetric distribution of prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR-4) and simultaneous elevation of endogenous ceramide (2003)

Cell death and survival of neural progenitor (NP) cells are determined by signals that are largely unknown. We have analyzed pro-apoptotic signaling in individual NP cells that have been derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. NP formation was concomitant with elevated apoptosis and increased expression of ceramide and prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR-4). Morpholino oligonucleotide-mediated antisense knockdown of PAR-4 or inhibition of ceramide biosynthesis reduced stem cell apoptosis, whereas PAR-4 overexpression and treatment with ceramide analogs elevated apoptosis. Apoptotic cells also stained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (a nuclear mitosis marker protein), but not for nestin (a marker for NP cells). In mitotic cells, asymmetric distribution of PAR-4 and nestin resulted in one nestin(-)/PAR-4(+) daughter cell, in which ceramide elevation induced apoptosis. The other cell was nestin(+), but PAR-4(-), and was not apoptotic. Asymmetric distribution of PAR-4 and simultaneous elevation of endogenous ceramide provides a possible mechanism underlying asymmetric differentiation and apoptosis of neuronal stem cells in the developing brain.
Rheumatoid arthritis: proposal for the use of anti‐microbial therapy in early cases (2003)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease, affecting women more than men, especially in those possessing the "shared epitope" (EQK/RRAA) amino acid sequences present in HLA-DR1/4 molecules. Proteus mirabilis carries sequences showing molecular mimicry to the "shared epitope" and to type XI collagen of hyaline cartilage. Elevated levels of antibodies to P. mirabilis have been reported from 14 different countries involving 1375 RA patients and the microbe has been isolated from urine cultures of such patients. Our working hypothesis is that the disease develops as a result of repeated episodes of Proteus upper urinary tract infections. Prospective studies involving the trial of anti-Proteus measures in RA patients should be evaluated in the management of this disease. Antibiotics, high fluid intake, and fruit extracts, such as cranberry juice, have all been found to be effective in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Such measures could be used as possible additional adjuncts to the standard therapy with NSAIDs and DMARDs.
Prevalence of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1-Producing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and the Presence of Antibodies to This Superantigen in Menstruating Women (2005)

Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) is thought to be associated with colonization with toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1)-producing Staphylococcus aureus in women with insufficient antibody titers. mTSS has been associated with menstruation and tampon use, and although it is rare, the effects can be life threatening. It remains of interest because of the widespread use of tampons, reported to be about 70% of women in the United States, Canada, and much of Western Europe. This comprehensive study was designed to determine S. aureus colonization and TSST-1 serum antibody titers in 3,012 menstruating women in North America between the ages of 13 and 40, particularly among age and racial groups that could not be assessed reliably in previous small studies. One out of every four subjects was found to be colonized with S. aureus in at least one of three body sites (nose, vagina, or anus), with approximately 9% colonized vaginally. Eighty-five percent of subjects had antibody titers (> or =1:32) to TSST-1, and the vast majority (81%) of teenaged subjects (13 to 18 years) had already developed antibody titers. Among carriers of toxigenic S. aureus, a significantly lower percentage of black women than of white or Hispanic women were found to have antibody titers (> or =1:32) to TSST-1 (89% versus 98% and 100%). These findings demonstrate that the majority of teenagers have antibody titers (> or =1:32) to TSST-1 and are presumed to be protected from mTSS. These findings also suggest that black women may be more susceptible to mTSS than previously thought.
Web video topic discovery and tracking via bipartite graph reinforcement model (2008)

Automatic topic discovery and tracking on web-shared videos can greatly benefit both web service providers and end users. Most of current solutions of topic detection and tracking were done on news and cannot be directly applied on web videos, because the semantic information of web videos is much less than that of news videos. In this paper, we propose a bipartite graph model to address this issue. The bipartite graph represents the correlation between web videos and their keywords, and automatic topic discovery is achieved through two steps - coarse topic filtering and fine topic re-ranking. First, a weight-updating co-clustering algorithm is employed to filter out topic candidates at a coarse level. Then the videos on each topic are re-ranked by analyzing the link structures of the corresponding bipartite graph. After the topics are discovered, the interesting ones can also be tracked over a period of time using the same bipartite graph model. The key is to propagate the relevant scores and keywords from the videos of interests to other relevant ones through the bipartite graph links. Experimental results on real web videos from YouKu, a YouTube counterpart in China, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. We report very promising results.
Wearable computers for three dimensional CSCW (2002)

Using established principles from the field of Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW), we describe how wearable computers are ideal platforms for three dimensional CSCW. To illustrate this, we present two pilot studies which imply that wearables may be able to support three dimensional collaboration and that users will perform better with these interfaces than immersive collaborative environments.
Fast acoustic computations using graphics processors (2009)

In this paper we present a fast method for computing acoustic likelihoods that makes use of a graphics processing unit (GPU). After enabling the GPU acceleration the main processor runtime dedicated to acoustic scoring tasks is reduced from the largest consumer to just a few percent even when using mixture models with a large number of Gaussian components. The results show a large reduction in decoding time with no change in accuracy and we also show by using a 16bit half precision floating point format for the acoustic model parameters, storage requirements can be halved with no reduction in accuracy.