gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Design of Commercial Systems Under Market Uncertainty: Framework and Application (2004)

A procedural framework is presented for the design optimization of modular commercial systems that are required to respond to changing market conditions. The basic premise is that commercial systems optimization aims directly at stakeholder value maximization. When stakeholder value is a quantifiable function of design variables and stochastic state variables, it can be maximized by maximizing expected value estimates plus the value from flexibility that stems from a design solution. We propose a multi-disciplinary framework, in which standard options valuation theory is used to model and valuate the flexibility embedded in a design solution, and external optimization techniques are used to determine the design of greatest value. We argue that the proposed framework is more intuitive and practical than equivalent stochastic optimization models. We demonstrate the framework in the preliminary design of the new Exploration Headquarters for British Petroleum in Aberdeen, Scotland. Preliminary results indicate that if flexibility is explicitly included in value-driven optimization, the resulting designs are quite dierent.
GeneQuiz: a workbench for sequence analysis. (1994)

We present the prototype of a software system, called GeneQuiz, for large-scale biological sequence analysis. The system was designed to meet the needs that arise in computational sequence analysis and our past experience with the analysis of 171 protein sequences of yeast chromosome III. We explain the cognitive challenges associated with this particular research activity and present our model of the sequence analysis process. The prototype system consists of two parts: (i) the database update and search system (driven by perl programs and rdb, a simple relational database engine also written in perl) and (ii) the visualization and browsing system (developed under C++/ET++). The principal design requirement for the first part was the complete automation of all repetitive actions: database updates, efficient sequence similarity searches and sampling of results in a uniform fashion. The user is then presented with "hit-lists" that summarize the results from heterogeneous database searches. The expert's primary task now simply becomes the further analysis of the candidate entries, where the problem is to extract adequate information about functional characteristics of the query protein rapidly. This second task is tremendously accelerated by a simple combination of the heterogeneous output into uniform relational tables and the provision of browsing mechanisms that give access to database records, sequence entries and alignment views. Indexing of molecular sequence databases provides fast retrieval of individual entries with the use of unique identifiers as well as browsing through databases using pre-existing cross-references. The presentation here covers an overview of the architecture of the system prototype and our experiences on its applicability in sequence analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A customizable substrate for concurrent languages (1992)

We describe an approach to implementing a wide-range of concurrency paradigms in high-level (symbolic) programming languages. The focus of our discussion is STING, a dialect of Scheme, that supports lightweight threads of control and virtual processors as first-class objects. Given the significant degree to which the behavior of these objects may be customized, we can easily express a variety of concurrency paradigms and linguistic structures within a common framework without loss of efficiency.
LI. <i>Some applications of the electron theory of matter</i> (1912)

(1912). LI. Some applications of the electron theory of matter. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 23, No. 136, pp. 594-627.
Anti‐Nogo‐A antibody treatment enhances sprouting of corticospinal axons rostral to a unilateral cervical spinal cord lesion in adult macaque monkey (2007)

After injury, regrowth of axons in mammalian adult central nervous system is highly limited. However, in monkeys subjected to unilateral cervical lesion (C7-C8 level), neutralization of an important neurite outgrowth inhibitor, Nogo-A, stimulated axonal sprouting caudal to the lesion, accompanied by enhanced functional recovery of manual dexterity, compared with lesioned monkeys treated with a control antibody (Freund et al. [2006] Nat. Med. 12:790-792). The present study aimed at comparing the same two groups of monkeys for axonal sprouting rostral to the cervical lesion. The corticospinal tract was labeled by injecting the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine into the contralesional motor cortex. The corticospinal axons were interrupted at the level of the lesion, accompanied by retrograde axonal degeneration (axon dieback), reflected by the presence of terminal retraction bulbs. The number of terminal retraction bulbs was lower in anti-Nogo-A antibody treated monkeys, and, when present, they were found closer to the lesion than in control-antibody treated monkeys. Compared with control antibody treated monkeys, the anti-Nogo-A antibody treated monkeys exhibited an increased cumulated axon arbor length and a higher number of axon arbors going in the medial direction from the white to the gray matter. Higher in the cervical cord (at C5 level), the anti-Nogo-A treatment enhanced the number of corticospinal fibers crossing the midline, suggesting axonal sprouting. Thus, the anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment enhanced axonal sprouting rostral to the cervical lesion; some of these fibers grew around the lesion and into the caudal spinal segments. These processes paralleled the observed improved functional recovery.
The OAuth 2.1 Authorization Framework (2020)

The OAuth 2.1 authorization framework enables a third-party
application to obtain limited access to an HTTP service, either on
behalf of a resource owner by orchestrating an approval interaction
between the resource owner and the HTTP service, or by allowing the
third-party application to obtain access on its own behalf. This
specification replaces and obsoletes the OAuth 2.0 Authorization
Framework described in RFC 6749.
Effect of Straight Through Labyrinth Seals on Rotordynamics (1993)

Abstract Experimental measurements have been made to evaluate the rotordynamic performance of straight-through labyrinth seals under conditions that are realistic for many turbomachines. Both teeth-on-rotor and teeth-on-stator gas seals were tested, each with twelve blades, 173 mm (6.8″) blade diameter, and 102 mm (4″) total length. The nominal blade tip clearance was 0.5 mm (20 mils). The teeth-on-stator seal was tested with the blade tip clearances diverging (in the direction of the flow), uniform, and converging. The teeth-on-rotor seal was tested with uniform clearances. The inlet air pressure to the seals was varied from 1.7 bar to 14.6 bar (25 psi to 200 psig) with the last blade exhausting to the atmosphere. Coastdown tests of all the seals were performed on a rotordynamic test rig to show their effect on synchronous response to imbalance when passing through a 3700 rpm critical speed. For the teeth-on-rotor seal, rap tests at 4500 rpm were also conducted to measure the effective damping coefficient for subsynchronous vibration. The synchronous response to imbalance was generally increased by all the seals at inlet pressures up to about 11.2 bar (150 psig). The worst case was for the teeth-on-rotor seal at about 2.7 bar (35–45 psi) inlet pressure where the rotor whirl amplitude was increased from .1 mm (3.75 mils, peak to peak) to over .13 mm (5 mils). In most cases the rotor whirl amplitude was slightly decreased at inlet pressures above 13 bar (176 psig). The teeth-on-rotor seal provided a small amount of damping to attenuate the 61 Hz subsynchronous vibration with the rotor running at 4500 rpm. A computer model which includes both the rotor and housing dynamics was developed to evaluate the possible range of values of the rotordynamic seal coefficients. Simulations show that the effective subsynchronous damping coefficient of the teeth-on-rotor seal ranges from 175 N-s/m at 5.1 bar inlet pressure (1 lb-s/in at 75 psi) to 876 N-s/m at 10.2 bar (5 lb-s/in at 150 psi). This corresponds to a range of 0.3% to 1.4% of critical damping added by the seal for subsynchronous vibration, even though the seal increased the synchronous response at the critical speed. It is shown that the orbit conditions for the synchronous and subsynchronous tests were radically different, as they likely will be in most turbomachines.
Hybrid sequential Monte Carlo/Kalman methods to train neural networks in non-stationary environments (1999)

We propose a novel sequential algorithm for training neural networks in non-stationary environments. The approach is based on a Monte Carlo method known as the sampling-importance resampling simulation algorithm. We derive our algorithm using a Bayesian framework, which allows us to learn the probability density functions of the network weights and outputs. Consequently, it is possible to compute various statistical estimates including centroids, modes, confidence intervals and kurtosis. The algorithm performs a global search for minima in parameter space by monitoring the errors and gradients at several points in the error surface. This global optimisation strategy is shown to perform better than local optimisation paradigms such as the extended Kalman filter.
Industrial Oil and Fat Products (1946)

Journal Article Industrial Oil and Fat Products Get access Industrial Oil and Fat Products. By Alton E. Bailey, Senior Chemical Technologist, Southern Regional Research Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, N. Y. 1945. X+735 pp. Price $10.00. Alton E Bailey Alton E Bailey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 29, Issue 1, 1 February 1946, Pages 115–116, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/29.1.115 Published: 11 February 2020
A MICROEMULSION COSURFACTANT WITH EXCELLENT WATER SOLUBILIZATION AT HIGH OIL CONTENT (1984)

ABSTRACT Medium chain length alkyl amines were found to be more effective cosurfactants for microemulsion formation than are medium chain length alcohols at high hydrocarbon levels with sodium doecyl sulfate as the surfactant. Both aromatic and short chain aliphatic hydrocarbons were studied. By contrast, the amines were found virtually Ineffective with quaternary anmoniutn salts whereas the alcohols showed good performance. This suggests the possibility that complementarity of function between surfactant and cosurfactant may be a desirable feature of a microemulsion system at high hydrocarbon levels.
Directed metalation of aromatic aldimines with lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirected metalation of aromatic aldimines with lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidideLee A. Flippin, Joseph M. Muchowski, and David S. CarterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 9, 2463–2467Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00061a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00061a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views583Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nonthermal 60 Hz sinusoidal magnetic‐field exposure enhances <sup>45</sup>Ca<sup>2+</sup> uptake in rat thymocytes: dependence on mitogen activation (1990)

The effect of a 60 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field of nonthermal intensity on Ca2+ metabolism in rat thymic lymphocytes (thymocytes) was assessed in resting cells and in cells activated with the mitogen Concanavalin A (Con A). A 60 min exposure at 37 degrees C to an induced electric field of 1.0 mV/cm produced an average 2.7-fold increase in Con A-dependent 45Ca2(+)-uptake compared to non-exposed, isothermal control cells. In contrast, 45Ca2+ uptake remained unaltered during exposure of resting thymocytes. It was also found that thymocytes with a diminished ability to mobilize Ca2+ in response to Con A were most sensitive to the 60 Hz magnetic field. Although the precise mechanism of field interaction is at present unknown, modulation of Ca2+ metabolism during cell activation may represent a common pathway for field coupling to cellular systems.
STUDIES UPON EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA IN RABBITS (1913)

1. Rabbits recovering from one attack of experimental pneumonia possess an active immunity. Such animals may subsequently withstand repeated increasing doses of pneumococci intratracheally. 2. Death may supervene after any one of subsequent injections, but it seems to depend partly upon the chronic changes in the cardiorespiratory apparatus. It may at least be said that it is usually unassociated with a septicemia which is an invariable accompaniment of fatal primary lobar pneumonia. 3. The serum from animals actively immunized by the repeated intratracheal inoculations with pneumococci may be used successfully to confer a passive immunity against the homologous organism.
Preparation and Some Properties of Cholesterol Sulfate-Containing Liposomes Entrapping Adriamycin. (1991)

Cholesterol sulfate (CholSO4) was found to be a useful substitute of sulfatide for the preparation of negatively charged liposomes entrapping adriamycin (ADM). Liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and CholSO4 in a molar ratio of 6:3:1 entrapped ADM efficiently and reduced the leakage of the entrapped ADM from the liposomes to the same degree as found for sulfatide-containing liposomes. The novel liposomes induced neither haemolysis nor platelet aggregation
AOPs with ozone and UV radiation in drinking water: contaminants removal and effects on disinfection byproducts formation (2004)

In this study, the advanced oxidation with ozone and UV radiation (with two low pressure UV lamps, at 254 and 185 nm wavelength) were experimented on a surface water in order to study the removal of two odorous compounds (geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol) and a pesticide (metolachlor), the influence on organic compounds (UV absorbance and THM precursors) and bromate formation. Different batch tests were performed with ozone concentration up to 10 mg/L, UV dose up to 14,000 J/m2 and a maximum contact time of 10 minutes. The main results show that metolachlor can be efficiently removed with ozone alone while for geosmin and MIB a complete removal can be obtained with the advanced oxidation of ozone (with concentration of 1.5-3 mg/L and contact time of 2-3 minutes) with UV radiation (with doses of 5,000-6,000 J/m2). As concerns the influence on the organic precursors, all the experimented processes show a medium removal of about 20-40% for UV absorbance and 15-30% for THMFP (trihalomethanes formation potential). As concerns bromate formation, the advanced oxidation of ozone/UV 254 nm shows a bromate formation that is about 40% lower with respect to conventional oxidation with ozone.
Radiosynthesis and Evaluation of [<sup>18</sup>F]Selectfluor bis(triflate) (2010)

Selectfluor, one of the most reactive and commonly used electrophilic fluorinating N–F reagents, has been radiolabeled with 18F. The resulting new [18F]-labeled N–F reagent is safe, nontoxic, and easy to handle. The combined use of [18F]Selectfluor bis(triflate) and AgOTf allows for the preparation of electron-rich 18F-aromatic compounds through a simple “shake and mix” protocol at room temperature (see scheme; SA=specific activtiy).
Modifizierung des ABSE‐Polycarbosilazans mit Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes zur Herstellung spinnfähiger Massen (2007)

Abstract In den letzten 10 Jahren wurde eine preisgünstige Herstellungsmethode für keramische SiCN‐Fasern über die Precursorroute gefunden, welche die fünf Prozessschritte Polymersynthese, Herstellung der Spinnmasse, Schmelzspinnen, Härtung mittels Elektronenbestrahlung und kontinuierliche Pyrolyse bei 1100 °C unter Stickstoffatmosphäre beinhaltet. Für diese Anwendung wurde am Lehrstuhl Keramische Werkstoffe der Universität Bayreuth ein festes und schmelzbares Polymer (ABSE) entwickelt, das sich besonders zur Faserherstellung eignet. Auf Grund seines relativ niedrigen Molekulargewichts ist jedoch eine angepasste katalytische und thermische Nachbehandlung nötig, um einen stabilen Schmelzspinnprozess zu gewährleisten. Dieser Artikel stellt eine alternative Herstellungsmethode geeigneter Spinnmassen über die Einbringung von Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) in die ABSE‐Schmelze vor. Für diese Anwendung ist eine homogene Einbringung der MWCNTs in die ABSE‐Matrix notwendig. Durch optische Analyse und Vergleich des Dispergiergrades in auf verschiedene Art und Weise hergestellten Spinnmassen wurde ein optimiertes Dispergierverfahren für MWCNTs im ABSE gefunden. Ebenso wurde der Einfluss eines Dispergators auf den Grad der Dispergierung untersucht. Während durch Zugabe eines Dispergator die Homogenität der MWCNTs in der ABSE‐Matrix deutlich ansteigt, werden die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den MWCNTs und dem Polymer herabgesetzt. In ersten Spinnversuchen konnte eine gute Verspinnbarkeit der MWCNT‐versetzten Massen festgestellt werden. Damit stellt die Zugabe von MWCNTs eine neue Methode dar, den ABSE‐Precursor in geeigneter Weise für den Schmelzspinnprozess zu modifizieren.
Mechanism of the physiological reaction catalyzed by tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli (1991)

The physiological synthesis of L-tryptophan from indoleglycerol phosphate and L-serine catalyzed by the alpha 2 beta 2 bienzyme complex of tryptophan synthase requires spatial and dynamic cooperation between the two distant alpha and beta active sites. The carbanion of the adduct of L-tryptophan to pyridoxal phosphate accumulated during the steady state of the catalyzed reaction. Moreover, it was formed transiently and without a lag in single turnovers, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate was released only after formation of the carbanion. These and further data prove first that the affinity for indoleglycerol phosphate and its cleavage to indole in the alpha subunit are enhanced substantially by aminoacrylate bound to the beta subunit. This indirect activation explains why the turnover number of the physiological reaction is larger than that of the indoleglycerol phosphate cleavage reaction. Second, reprotonation of nascent tryptophan carbanion is rate limiting for overall tryptophan synthesis. Third, most of the indole generated in the active site of the alpha subunit is transferred directly to the active site of the beta subunit and only insignificant amounts pass through the solvent. Comparison of the single turnover rate constants with the known elementary rate constants of the partial reactions catalyzed by the alpha and beta active sites suggests that the cleavage reaction rather than the transfer of indole or its condensation with aminoacrylate is rate limiting for the formation of nascent tryptophan.
Efficient Block Motion Estimation using Sector Based Approach (2007)

This paper suggests a simple scheme in which the search pattern is divided into a number of sectors based on the spatio-temporal correlation information. In the first step five neighboring blocks are searched for finding the predicted motion vector. The predictive motion vector thus obtained is chosen as the initial search center. This predictive search center is found to be closer to the global minimum and thus decreases the effects of the monotonic error surface assumption and its impact on the motion field estimates. Secondly the prediction information is used to obtain the direction of predicted motion vector. Based on the direction of predicted motion vector the search area is divided into four sectors. Final search pattern is adaptive and depends on the sector selected and significantly reduces the computational complexity. Experiments show the speed improvement of the proposed algorithm as compared to other fast search algorithms, in addition the image quality measured in terms of PSNR also shows good results.
Modified mRNA as an alternative to plasmid DNA (pDNA) for transcript replacement and vaccination therapy (2015)

The use of mRNA-based gene transfer could indeed be a promising new strategy for gene therapy. Notable advantages include no risk of integration into the genomic DNA, adjustable gene expression and easier modulation of the immune system. By reducing or utilizing the immunogenic properties, mRNA offers a promising tool for gene/or transcript replacement.
pH Response of Model Diblock and Triblock Copolymer Networks Containing Polystyrene and Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-<i>co</i>-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (2008)

We investigated the swelling behavior of lamella-forming diblock and triblock copolymers of polystyrene, PS, and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate), PHD, with varying 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) content. In phosphate buffer solutions of varying pH’s, these model networks swell like cationic hydrogels; their swelling characteristics are tunable through the DMAEMA content within the PHD block. While glassy PS domains within PS/PHD/PS can serve as physical cross-links in triblock copolymer networks, the PS domains are not effective anchors in diblock copolymer networks. PS/PHD with high DMAEMA content thus macroscopically disintegrate upon protonation of DMAEMA. The lamellar microdomains within these networks, however, continue to swell with decreasing pH. By reducing the DMAEMA content in PS/PHD, we have been able to create a diblock copolymer network that is macroscopically stable upon protonation of DMAEMA, as its water uptake cannot induce sufficient osmotic pressure to break up the sample. The swelling characteristics of this particular network mirror those of physically cross-linked PS/PHD/PS networks with comparable DMAEMA content.
Architecture Driven Generation of Distributed Embedded Software from Functional Models (2009)

<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p> <italic>Embedded systems are becoming increasingly complex and more distributed. Cost and quality requirements necessitate reuse of the functional software components for multiple deployment architectures. An important step is the allocation of software components to hardware. During this process the differences between the hardware and application software architectures must be reconciled. In this paper we discuss an architecture driven approach involving model-based techniques to resolve these differences and integrate hardware and software components. The system architecture serves as the underpinning based on which distributed real-time components can be generated. Generation of various embedded system architectures using the same functional architecture is discussed. The approach leverages the following technologies – IME (Integrated Modeling Environment), the SAE AADL (Architecture Analysis and Design Language), and Ocarina. The approach is illustrated using the electronic throttle control system as a case study.</italic> </p>