gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A behavioral first order CPU performance model for clouds' management (2012)

Cloud computing is a popular way to address the scalability and efficiency issues of data centers. While the level of development of cloud technologies is already high-enough to easily beat old static cluster configurations, there is still a lot of room for improvement. One of these areas is in the way resource management tools predict the CPU and tasks performance. Normally, resource managers assume that the tasks do not affect each other, and assign resources under this assumption. With a simple experiment this paper shows that this assumption is grossly wrong, leading to overestimation of task performance that can approach 50%. Next, the paper presents a behavioral model that efficiently addresses these issues. Preliminary results obtained for three different hardware platforms demonstrate the benefits of our model in performance prediction.
Metabolic coupling between glia and neurons (1996)

Keywords: Cell Communication Reference LNDC-REVIEW-1996-002View record in PubMed Record created on 2010-01-08, modified on 2017-05-12
Secure search in enterprise webs (2006)

Document level security (DLS) -- enforcing permissions prevailing at the time of search -- is specified as a mandatory requirement in many enterprise search applications. Unfortunately, depending upon implementation details and values of key parameters, DLS may come at a high price in increased query processing time, leading to an unacceptably slow search experience. In this paper we present a model and a method for carrying out secure search in the presence of DLS within enterprise webs. We report on two alternative commercial DLS search implementations. Using a 10,000 document experimental DLS environment, we graph the dependence of query processing time on result set size and visibility density for different classes of user. Scaled up to collections of tens of thousands of documents, our results suggest that query times will be unacceptable if exact counts of matching documents are required and also for users who can view only a small proportion of documents. We show that the time to conduct access checks is dramatically increased if requests must be sent off-server, even on a local network, and discuss methods for reducing the cost of security checks. We conclude that enterprises can effectively reduce DLS overheads by organizing documents in such a way that most access checking can be at collection rather than document level, by forgoing accurate match counts, by using caching, batching or hierarchical methods to cut costs of DLS checking and, if applicable, by using a single portal both to access and search documents.
Direct Location Estimation for MIMO Systems in Multipath Environments (2008)

Location estimation in multipath environments (ME) can lead to significantly higher accuracy if the information contained in the Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) signal components is exploited thoroughly with the use of multiple antennas at both sides of a communication system and with the aid of appropriate channel modeling. In this contribution, this information is exploited and a Maximum-Likelihood (ML) estimator for the location of the Mobile Terminal is proposed, which is based on the reception of the signal in only one Base Station (BS). The method described herein can be characterized as direct location estimation since, in contrast to the traditional two-step approaches, the solution is formulated in terms of the received signal and not some channel-dependent parameters whose values have been estimated a-priori. The high accuracy of the method is validated using the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB). Intuitive conclusions are reached through the comparison of different systems and for different propagation environments, which is performed by simulations.
Unplanned Extubations in the Adult Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Multicenter Study (1998)

The predisposing factors and complications of unplanned extubation (UEX) in mechanically ventilated adult patients are not well recognized. We designed a prospective multicenter observational study to identify risk factors and describe the complications of UEX. We followed 426 ventilated patients over a 2-mo period. Clinical characteristics such as diagnosis on admission and reasons for ventilation were used to classify the patients. The presence or absence of potential risk factors was daily noted, including the types of ventilators, tracheal tubes, tube fixations, ventilatory support modes, route for intubation, and the use of intravenous sedation. Circumstances and complications of UEX were prospectively recorded. Forty-six (10.8%) patients experienced at least one episode of UEX. Ten UEX occurred during nursing procedures. At the moment of UEX, 61% of patients were agitated. The rates of mortality, laryngeal complications, nosocomial pneumonia after extubation, and the length of mechanical ventilation were similar in UEX and non-UEX patients. Patients were more often reintubated after UEX (28 of 46) than after planned extubation (28 of 284). All the non-reintubated UEX patients survived. One death occurred as a direct consequence of UEX. By use of multivariate analysis, we identified four factors contributing to UEX: chronic respiratory failure, endotracheal tube fixation with only thin adhesive tape, orotracheal intubation, and the lack of intravenous sedation. Considering these factors, we hypothesized that simple measures should be adopted to minimize the incidence of UEX and its related complications: more vigilance during procedures at patients' bedsides, adequate sedation of agitated patients, strong fixation of the tracheal tube, particular attention paid to orally intubated patients, and daily reassessment of the possibility of weaning from the ventilator.
Rational and combinatorial tailoring of bioactive cyclic dipeptides (2015)

Modified cyclic dipeptides represent a diverse family of microbial secondary metabolites. They display a broad variety of biological and pharmacological activities and have long been recognized as privileged structures with the ability to bind to a wide range of receptors. This is due to their conformationally constrained 2, 5-diketopiperazine (DKP) scaffold and the diverse set of DKP tailoring enzymes present in nature. After initial DKP assembly through different biosynthetic systems modifying enzymes are responsible for installing functional groups crucial for the biological activities of the resulting modified DKPs. They represent a vast and largely untapped enzyme repository very useful for synthetic biology approaches aiming at introducing structural variations into DKP scaffolds. In this review we focus on these DKP modification enzymes found in various microbial secondary metabolite gene clusters. We will give a brief overview of their distribution and highlight a select number of characterized DKP tailoring enzymes before turning to their application potential in combinatorial biosynthesis with the aim of producing molecules with improved or entirely new biological and medicinally relevant properties.
Hemifluorinated Maltose‐Neopentyl Glycol (HF‐MNG) Amphiphiles for Membrane Protein Stabilisation (2013)

SOAP OPERA: Fluorinated amphiphile F4-MNG confers greater stability on Rhodobacter capsulatus superassembly relative to conventional detergents and nonfluorinated MNGs. Such amphiphiles are attractive as tools for membrane science because of their ease of preparation and structure variation.
Photosensitive polymers with pendent <i>p</i>‐dialkylaminobenzylideneacetophenone residues as photoinduced radical polymerization initiators (1987)

Abstract Polymers with pendent p ‐dialkylaminobenzylideneracetophenone (PABA) groups were prepared by copolymerization of 4‐(4‐dimethylaminobenzylidenemethylcarbonyl)phenyl methacrylate ( 1 ) with alkyl methacrylates and by the substitution reaction of poly(chloromethylstyrene‐ co ‐methyl methacrylate) with sodium 4‐(4‐dimethylaminobenzylidenemethylcarbonyl)phenolate ( 3 ). The polymers having PABA groups become insoluble upon photodimerization of PABA. Furthermore, the photosensitivity of the polymers increases considerably when mixed with vinyl monomers and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI) during irradiation. The photocrosslinking may involve graft polymerization initiated by PABA which sensitizes the decomposition of DPI to form radicals. Introduction of unsaturated groups like maleate or crotonyl groups into the PABA polymer depresses the shrinkage of the photocured polymer film when the polymer was mixed with DPI. Sensitivity characteristics of PABA polymers toward Ar laser emitting 488 nm light are mentioned.
Tumour necrosis factor, interferon-gamma and interleukins as predictive markers of antiprogrammed cell-death protein-1 treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a pragmatic approach in clinical practice (2018)

Background: The emergence of novel antiprogrammed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of this disease. Although overall survival (OS) has improved in the first- and second-line therapy settings for advanced NSCLC, the benefit is not universal. In a climate of global scrutiny for healthcare costs and potential for toxicities related to immunotherapy, appropriate patient selection is crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and a panel of interleukins (ILs) in the peripheral blood, and assess any correlation with response to anti-PD-1 inhibition, progression-free survival and OS in NSCLC patients. Methods: We prospectively studied 26 NSCLC patients that received immunotherapy (either pembrolizumab or nivolumab). IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 were analyzed by flow cytometry at the time of diagnosis and at 3 months after initiation of anti-PD-1 inhibition. Results: Increased cytokine values (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8) at the time of diagnosis and at 3 months after initiation of treatment were significantly correlated with improved response to immunotherapy and prolonged OS. There was no correlation between cytokine levels and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. Conclusions: Increased IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 levels resulted in better response to NSCLC anti-PD-1 inhibition and longer survival, and this could potentially play an important role in selecting patients that would benefit from anti-PD-1 inhibitors.
Comparative Analysis of the Tear Protein Expression in Blepharitis Patients Using Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis (2005)

Change in the expression of body fluid proteins is caused by many diseases or environmental disturbances. The changes in tear proteins are also associated with various pathological eye conditions. Especially, chronic blepharitis is one of the most common conditions seen in the ophthalmologist's office. However, there are no specific clinical diagnostic tests for blepharitis, and it is difficult to treat effectively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen prognostic or diagnostic marker tear proteins for blepharitis and investigate pathogenesis of this disease using proteomics techniques. The tear proteins expressed in patients suffering from blepharitis (patient, n=19) and healthy volunteers (control, n=27) were analyzed using the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) technique. The differentially expressed proteins in patients were identified with ESI-Q-TOF (electrospray-quadrupole-time-of-flight) mass spectrometry and confirmed with western blotting. Nine proteins in patient were down regulated about 50% compared to those of the control: serum albumin precursor, alpha-1 antitrypsin, lacritin precursor, lysozyme, Ig-kappa chain VIII, prolactin inducible protein (PIP/GCDFP-15), cystatin-SA III, pyruvate kinase, and an unnamed protein. The use of the two-dimensional eletrophoretic technique could give more insight into the disease-related protein expression changes in tear fluids. Our findings reveal that the composition of tear proteins in blepharitis patients is different from that of healthy subjects and may provide further insights into the pathogenesis of blepharitis.
Oblique Incidence Organic Molecular Beam Deposition and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Thin Films with a Stable In-Plane Directional Order (1999)

The in-situ alignment of dipolar molecules in an organic thin film is demonstrated here for the first time with organic molecular beam deposition. At elevated temperatures, the supramolecular polymer is degraded into monomers and evaporated from the effusion cell (d in the Figure) at < 10–8 mbar onto the substrate (a) where they polymerize again in a head-to-tail arrangement. Growth rate and film thickness are measured in situ with monolayer sensitivity by the quartz crystal thickness monitor (b) and the ellipsometer (c).
Chaos Theory Tamed (1997)

What is this business called 'chaos'? What does it deal with? Why do people think it's important? And how did the term 'chaos' - long associated with disorder - come to signify a new paradigm in the orderly realm of mathematics? The concept of chaos is one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding research topics of recent decades. might underlie many kinds of well-known processes - the performance of the stock market, the weather, the cries of newborn babies, the dripping of a leaky faucet, and more.In Theory Tamed, scientist Garnett P. Williams walks the reader through this exciting territory, building an understanding of chaos and its significance in our lives. Chaos is a mathematical subject. If you seek bodice-ripping romance, this book is not for you. But if you are a researcher working with data...a scientist, engineer, or economist who has specialized outside the field of mathematics...or an interested person with a bit of background in algebra and statistics...then Theory Tamed can help you understand the basic concepts of this relatively new arm of science.Williams explains the terms necessary for an understanding of chaos theory. He discusses 'sensitive dependence on initial conditions' and what that means for long-term predictions. He explores the role of the chaotic or 'strange' attractor, order within chaos, fractal structure, and the emerging concepts of self-organization and complexity. Drawing from mathematics, physics, and statistics, the book provides a toolkit for readers, including vectors, phase space, Fourier analysis, time-series analysis, and autocorrelation.Williams describes routes that systems may take from regular behavior to chaos - period doubling, intermittency, and quasiperiodicity - and discusses nonlinear equations that can give rise to chaos. Dimension is a basic ingredient of chaos, and Williams brings clarity to the many ways in which this term is used by specialists in the field. And he explains how the magnitude of chaos may be gauged by Lyapunov exponents, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, and mutual information - mysterious terms that 'aren't all that difficult once we pick them apart,' says Williams. Theory Tamed makes generous use of lists, graphs, field examples, summaries, and - perhaps most important - friendly language to help the reader learn and use the vocabulary of chaos. It will help scientists, students, and others outside mathematics to use the concepts of chaos in working with data, and it will give the interested lay reader a foothold on the fundamentals of this new realm of thought.
Slow light, induced dispersion, enhanced nonlinearity, and optical solitons in a resonator-array waveguide (2002)

We describe an optical transmission line that consists of an array of wavelength-scale optical disk resonators coupled to an optical waveguide. Such a structure leads to exotic optical characteristics, including ultraslow group velocities of propagation, enhanced optical nonlinearities, and large dispersion with a controllable magnitude and sign. This device supports soliton propagation, which can be described by a generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation.
Recommendation for block cipher modes of operation : (2001)

ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's responsibilities include the development of technical, physical, administrative, and management standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive unclassified information in Federal computer systems.
Motor unit recruitment patterns 1: responses to changes in locomotor velocity and incline (2008)

Mammalian skeletal muscles are composed of a mixture of motor unit types, which contribute a range of mechanical and physiological properties to the muscle. For a muscle to effectively contribute to smooth, co-ordinated movement it must activate an appropriate number and combination of motor units to generate the required force over a suitable time period. Much evidence exists indicating that motor units are activated in an orderly fashion, from the slowest through to the fastest. A growing body of evidence, however, indicates that such a recruitment strategy does not always hold true. Here we investigate how motor unit recruitment patterns were influenced by changes in locomotor velocity and incline. Kinematics data and myoelectric signals were collected from three rat ankle extensor muscles during running on a treadmill at nine velocity and incline combinations. Wavelet and principal component analysis were used to simultaneously decompose the signals into time and frequency space. The relative frequency components of the signals were quantified during 20 time windows of a stride from each locomotor condition. Differences in signal frequency components existed between muscles and locomotor conditions. Faster locomotor velocities led to a relative increase in high frequency components, whereas greater inclines led to a relative increase in the low frequency components. These data were interpreted as representing changes in motor unit recruitment patterns in response to changes in the locomotor demand. Motor units were not always recruited in an orderly manner, indicating that recruitment is a multi-factorial phenomenon that is not yet fully understood.
Helium–neon laser stabilized by saturated absorption in iodine at 612 nm (1979)

Hyperfine structure of iodine has been studied at 612 nm by the technique of saturated absorption in an iodine cell placed in a He-Ne laser modified to operate at this wavelength. The most interesting feature of the laser is the existence of strong inverted Lamb dips at a very low vapor pressure, which provides very good short term frequency stability. Some factors which limit the reproducibility of the device are also investigated.
Consequences of Physical Disturbance by Tadpoles and Snails on Chironomid Larvae (2014)

Indirect interactions among community members impact on organisms. The effects of two snails, banded pond snail, Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck), and Red-rimmed melania, Melanoides tuberculata (Müller), and tadpoles of Asian common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider), on nonbiting midge larvae, Chironomus striatipennis Kieffer, were observed in experimental microcosm. Decrease in tube number and tube length of midge larvae was observed compared to control condition due to introduction of selected above mentioned organisms. The direct effects of non-predator organisms on the midge larvae are due to physical disturbance that destroys their tubes. This may result in vulnerability of midge larvae to predators in the wild. So the community structure may be altered by indirect effects, where one or more species, through their direct disturbance, indirectly change the abundance of other species.
Identification of a Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response to the Novel BARF0 Protein of Epstein-Barr Virus: a Critical Role for Antigen Expression (1998)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded BARF0 open reading frame gene products are consistently expressed in EBV-positive Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines, nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines, and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Here we show that the BARF0 sequence includes an HLA A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope. By using theoretically predicted HLA A2 binding motifs and peptide-loaded antigen presentation-deficient T2 cells, polyclonal BARF0-specific CD8(+) CTLs were isolated from four different healthy EBV-seropositive donors but not from two seronegative donors. These CTL lines recognized the peptide epitope LLWAARPRL, which was found to be conserved in 33 of 34 virus strains originating from Caucasian, African, and Asian individuals. The BARF0-specific CTL lines could lyse EBV-negative BL cells stably transfected with the BARF0 gene but did not kill HLA A2-matched EBV-positive BL cells and LCLs in a standard 51Cr release assay. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis demonstrated that these EBV-positive cell lines expressed significantly lower levels of BARF0 mRNA than transfected cells. This data indicated that the BARF0 epitope could be endogenously processed; however, antigen levels in the target cell were a limiting factor for the effective interaction between BARF0-expressing cells and CTLs. The limited expression of BARF0 antigen in EBV-infected BL cells and LCLs might contribute to the escape of immune recognition from virus-specific CTLs present in the host.
A New Action of Anion Exchange Resins on the Lactone Ring of Some Carbohydrates (1965)

It was found that some carbohydrates with lactone group was quantitatively absorbed on anion exchange resins in aqueous solution, and by elution with suitably mineral acid they were recovered in high yield as the corresponding free acid. Thus D-glucuronic acid (II), 1, 2-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranosiduronic acid (V), methyl D-glucofuranosiduronic acid (VII) and L-gulonic acid (IX) were obtained advantageously from their lactone derivatives. It is noteworthy that some of them have not been obtained in success by the direct neutralization of lactone derivatives with alkaline medium.
A Low-Power Energy-Harvesting Logarithmic CMOS Image Sensor With Reconfigurable Resolution Using Two-Level Quantization Scheme (2011)

In this brief, a CMOS image sensor that exploits the possibility of reconfiguring pixel photodiodes for energy harvesting for wireless image sensor applications is proposed. Based on the logarithmic sensor architecture, each pixel photodiode of the proposed sensor array can be configured into either photosensing or energy-harvesting element to accomplish image-capturing or energy-harvesting purpose, respectively. An addressing scheme for reduced resolution readout and improved energy-harvesting efficiency, and a two-level quantization scheme for reduced readout dynamic power consumption are also proposed.
Mapping Protease Substrates by Using a Biotinylated Phage Substrate Library (2006)

We describe a bacteriophage M13 substrate library encoding the AviTag (BirA substrate) and combinatorial heptamer peptides displayed at the N terminus of the mature form of capsid protein III. Phages are biotinylated efficiently (> or = 50%) when grown in E. coli cells coexpressing BirA, and such viral particles can be immobilized on a streptavidin-coated support and released by protease cleavage within the combinatorial peptide. We have used this library to map the specificity of human Factor Xa and a neuropeptidase, neurolysin (EC3.4.24.16). Validation by analysis of isolated peptide substrates has revealed that neurolysin recognizes the motif hydrophobic-X-Pro-Arg-hydrophobic, where Arg-hydrophobic is the scissile bond.