gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerase chain reaction compared with dot blotting for the determination of N-myc gene amplification in neuroblastoma (1997)

The magnitude of N-myc amplification (NMA) influences the treatment strategy of localized neuroblastomas. Reliable assays are therefore needed for all types of tumor samples. The aim of this comparative study of 119 tumor samples was to determine whether a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay could replace the current dot blot assay as a routine and reliable means of determining NMA. The 2 assays exhibited comparable sensitivity and were completely concordant for samples containing at least 20% neuroblastoma cells. In their present state, both assays remain semi-quantitative since an absolute quantification of the N-myc copy number in clinical samples is limited by uncertainty about the amplification level of reference cell lines and by the estimation of the proportion of malignant cells. However, PCR offers several advantages over dot blotting, such as feasibility on minute samples, simplicity, standardization, rapidity and cost effectiveness.
Solvent Extraction, Recovery, and Purification of Beryllium from Ores (1963)

An investigation has been made of the selective solvent extraction of beryllium from sulfate liquors by means of esters of orthophosphoric acid. The sulfate liquors were obtained from the treatment of beryl flotation concentrates. The preferred extractant is di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid dissolved in kerosene. Tests with this solvent have provided design data for the forward-extraction and solvent-stripping processes. Tests with actual leach liquors showed that high-grade products were obtained by the procedures described.
Percepciones sobre discapacidad intelectual y su relación con las expectativas de inserción laboral por los padres de familia del CEBE “Niño Jesús de Praga” de la Ciudad de Puno (2018)

La investigacion desarrolla el tema de la discapacidad intelectual y su relacion con las expectativas de insercion laboral de padres de de familia en relacion a sus hijos de la CEBE “Nino Jesus de Praga” de la Ciudad de Puno – 2016. Se plantea como objetivos: a) identificar las percepciones sobre la discapacidad intelectual de los padres de familia de ninos (as) del CEBE “Nino Jesus de Praga”; b) describir las expectativas de insercion laboral de los padres de familia de ninos (as) del CEBE “Nino Jesus de Praga”; c) establecer el grado de relacion existente entre las percepciones sobre la discapacidad intelectual con las expectativas  de insercion laboral por los padres de familia de ninos (as) del CEBE “Nino Jesus de Praga”. En cuanto a la metodologia, el enfoque es cuantitativo, el tipo es no experimental y el diseno es explicativo transeccional (causa, efecto, recoleccion de informacion en un solo momento). La poblacion estuvo conformada por 26 padres de familia. Las tecnicas utilizadas fueron la encuesta y la medicion; los instrumentos fueron un inventario y una escala de Likert. Los resultados indican que el 96.2% de padres de familia senalan que segun las caracteristicas de discapacidad de sus ninos, estan de acuerdo con que estudien en la CEBE “Nino Jesus de Praga”, en cambio el 3.8% estan indecisos, no existe ningun padre (0%) que este en desacuerdo. Se arriba a la siguiente conclusion: las percepciones sobre la discapacidad intelectual tiene una relacion positiva con las expectativas de insercion laboral por los  padres de familia de ninos (as) del CEBE “Nino Jesus de Praga” de la Ciudad de Puno – 2016, tal como lo demuestra la prueba de hipotesis donde se observa que el valor obtenido es de 0.06, lo cual corresponde a una relacion de tipo positiva.Palabras Clave: Creencia, discapacidad intelectual, discriminacion, expectativas, inclusion, insercion laboral, percepciones.
Wallerian Degeneration: A Major Component of Early Axonal Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis (2010)

Axonal loss is a major component of the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the morphological basis of permanent clinical disability. It occurs in demyelinating plaques but also in the so-called normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). However, the contribution of Wallerian degeneration to axonal pathology is not known. Here, we analyzed the extent of Wallerian degeneration and axonal pathology in periplaque white matter (PPWM) and lesions in early multiple sclerosis biopsy tissue from 63 MS patients. Wallerian degeneration was visualized using an antibody against the neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 (NPY-Y1R). The number of SMI-32-positive axons with non-phosphorylated neurofilaments was significantly higher in both PPWM and plaques compared to control white matter. APP-positive, acutely damaged axons were found in significantly higher numbers in plaques compared to PPWM. Strikingly, the number of NPY-Y1R-positive axons undergoing Wallerian degeneration was significantly higher in PPWM and plaques than in control WM. NPY-Y1R-positive axons in PPWM were strongly correlated to those in the lesions. Our results show that Wallerian degeneration is a major component of axonal pathology in the periplaque white matter in early MS. It may contribute to radiological changes observed in early MS and most likely plays a major role in the development of disability.
Vascular targeting effect of combretastatin A‐4 phosphate dominates the inherent angiogenesis inhibitory activity (2003)

The current research aimed to define hypothesis-based anti-angiogenic properties of the vascular targeting agent combretastatin A-4 phosphate (combreAp). The in vitro wound assay indicated that combreAp potently inhibited migration of endothelial cells (EC). A significant inhibition of migration could already be measured after 2 hr of treatment. In a three-dimensional (3D) tube formation assay, combreAp inhibited sprout formation at concentrations that did not inhibit the proliferation of EC. At sub-ng concentrations the half-maximal response was reached. Interestingly, although combreAp is considered a vascular targeting agent, the human tumor cell lines tested were found to be 20-30 times more sensitive for combreAp than the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). A similar response difference between rat EC and R1 rat rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells was observed. The growth inhibition in EC was only in part mediated by induction of apoptosis. The growth delay results obtained with the in vivo rodent tumor models involving repeat dosing of combreAp can partly be explained by anti-angiogenic activity of the compound. The results obtained with the various in vitro and in vivo assays substantiate an anti-angiogenic profile of combreAp, largely at the level of EC migration. This mechanism may operate to a different extent in different tumor types.
Resettlement action plan (2000)

This resettlement action plan reviews the adverse effects on the livelihoods of affected populations, as a result of the Metro Manila Urban Transport Integration Project, and examines the right of way (ROW) issue facing the Don Mariano Marcos Avenue extension, as well as issues related to the Marikina Bridge, and its access road component. The ROW is a Government's responsibility in regards to its alignment, and compensation; local governments were included in discussions on possible cost-sharing, and on the valuation of the ROW costs. As of those discussions, the project area was cleared for project implementation, though socioeconomic impacts did occur as a result of demolitions, removal of trees, and, adversity to farmland, and private residential land in the Industrial Valley. However, land acquisition is no longer an issue: properties along the ROW of the access road, and Marikina Bridge are government owned, donated in January 1995, while private land should not be affected by the project, based on an agreed new scheme. Affected populations, mainly squatter families, were relocated to different sites (government, or privately owned), of easy access to job opportunities. Construction materials for temporary shelters, transportation, and food assistance were provided, and, displaced persons were encouraged to organize as a community, with the provision of government assistance, and training. Currently, monitoring concerns employment problems, security measures at resettlement sites, and a continuing technical assistance in the provision of infrastructure.
The HIV-2 Rev-response element: determining secondary structure and defining folding intermediates (2013)

Interaction between the viral protein Rev and the RNA motifs known as Rev response elements (RREs) is required for transport of unspliced and partially spliced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during the later stages of virus replication. A more detailed understanding of these nucleoprotein complexes and the host factors with which they interact should accelerate the development of new antiviral drugs targeting cis-acting RNA regulatory signals. In this communication, the secondary structures of the HIV-2 RRE and two RNA folding precursors have been identified using the SHAPE (selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension) chemical probing methodology together with a novel mathematical approach for determining the secondary structures of RNA conformers present in a mixture. A complementary chemical probing technique was also used to support these secondary structure models, to confirm that the RRE2 RNA undergoes a folding transition and to obtain information about the relative positioning of RRE2 substructures in three dimensions. Our analysis collectively suggests that the HIV-2 RRE undergoes two conformational transitions before assuming the energetically most favorable conformer. The 3D models for the HIV-2 RRE and folding intermediates are also presented, wherein the Rev-binding stem-loops (IIB and I) are located coaxially in the former, which is in agreement with previous models for HIV-1 Rev-RRE binding.
Mycobacterial PE/PPE Proteins at the Host-Pathogen Interface (2011)

The mycobacterial PE/PPE proteins have attracted much interest since their formal identification just over a decade ago. It has been widely speculated that these proteins may play a role in evasion of host immune responses, possibly via antigenic variation. Although a cohesive understanding of their function(s) has yet to be established, emerging data increasingly supports a role for the PE/PPE proteins at multiple levels of the infectious process. This paper will delineate salient features of the families revealed by comparative genomics, bioinformatic analyses and genome-wide screening approaches and will summarise existing knowledge of subcellular localization, secretion pathways, and protein structure. These characteristics will be considered in light of findings on innate and adaptive host responses to PE/PPE proteins, and we will review the increasing body of data on B and T cell recognition of these proteins. Finally, we will consider how current knowledge and future explorations may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of these intriguing proteins and their involvement in host pathogen interactions. Ultimately this information could underpin future intervention strategies, for example, in the area of new and improved diagnostic tools and vaccine candidates.
ULTRASOUND GUIDED ROBOTIC BIOPSY OF THE PROSTATE (2006)

In this paper, a prototype of a robotic system for accurate and consistent insertion of a percutaneous biopsy needle into the prostate is presented. A transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) probe is used to collect a series of two-dimensional (2D) images of the prostate. These images are used to create a 3D computer model of the organ which is used by the urologist to define the biopsy points within the prostate. The robotic system then calculates the required trajectory of the needle, which can be simulated on the computer. Following this, the robot is configured accordingly and the actual biopsy is performed. Cadaveric and human trials have validated the robot's needle placement error to be less than 2.5 mm. Our future work includes the integration of a cancer predictive modality into the system to increase the cancer detection rate. The robotic system could also be modified to accurately place foreign bodies into the prostate, which could improve therapeutic procedures such as Brachytherapy.
Asymmetric Half-Wave Plate Configuration of PLC Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Polarization Insensitive DQPSK Demodulator (2009)

We propose a novel polarization dependent frequency shift (PDf) reduction method for fabricating a silica-based PLC DQPSK demodulator incorporating an asymmetrically positioned half-wave plate, and demonstrate error-free 43-Gbit/s demodulation for any incident SOP. The PDf has a detrimental effect on the demodulation performance of a DQPSK signal, and it is degraded by various kinds of PLC fabrication errors. In this paper, we focus on the polarization crosstalk in the coupler, which is one of the main causes of PDf. To eliminate such PDf, we controlled both the position of the half-wave plate in the MZI and the polarization of the propagated light. We describe the principle of this PDf reduction method in detail and provide a theoretical and experimental discussion. In addition, we describe a compact DQPSK demodulator composed of a single MZI based DQPSK demodulator with a 90-degree optical hybrid. This demodulator configuration can reduce the receiver's footprint. Finally we achieved a compact DQPSK demodulator with a low PDf of less than 0.10 GHz in the L-band.
Analysis of macromolecule resonances in <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of human brain (1994)

Macromolecule resonances underlying metabolites in 1H NMR spectra were investigated in temporal lobe biopsy tissue from epilepsy patients and from localized 1H spectra of the brains of healthy volunteers. The 1H NMR spectrum of brain tissue was compared with that of cytosol and dialyzed cytosol after removal of low molecular weight molecules (< 3500 daltons) at 8.4 and 2.1 Tesla. The assignment of specific resonances to macromolecules in 2.1 Tesla, short-TE, localized human brain 1H NMR spectra in vivo was made on the basis of a J-editing method using the spectral parameters (delta, J) and connectivities determined from 2D experiments in vitro. Two prominent connectivities associated with macromolecules in vitro (0.93-2.05 delta and 1.6-3.00 delta) were also detected in vivo by the J-editing method. Advantage was taken of the large difference in measured T1 relaxation times between macromolecule and metabolite resonances in the brain spectrum to acquire 'metabolite-nulled' macromolecule spectra. These spectra appear identical to the spectra of macromolecules isolated in vitro.
Digital Image Analysis (2006)

Abstract The comparative genome hybridization allows the measurement of copy‐number changes on a genome wide level. This method is useful for finding gene amplification and deletions.
Intracorporeal CO2 Removal and Permissive Hypercapnia to Reduce Airway Pressure in Acute Respiratory Failure (1993)

Initial studies have shown that the intravascular oxygenator and carbon dioxide removal device (IVOX, Cardiopulmonics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT) removes approximately 30% of VCO2. After noting increased CO2 removal with increased venous CO2, we developed a conceptual analytical model based on data obtained from patients and laboratory experiments. Increasing the CO2 gradient across the hollow fiber membranes of IVOX increases the operating efficiency of the device. Using the patient management technique of permissive hypercapnia (limiting tidal volumes, respiratory rates, and airway pressures) serves to increase the CO2 gradient across the membrane. The conceptual analytical model predicts that a PaCO2 of 75-80 mm Hg is required to obtain a CO2 gradient that results in IVOX CO2 removal of approximately 90-100 ml CO2/min. This technique may allow a broader application of both permissive hypercapnia and IVOX in acute respiratory failure.
All flesh is grass. (1998)

Plants are considered essential for the existence of animals and humans on our planet. By providing food and habitat for a wide range of animals, plants play an active role in ecosystem function. The author narrates his experiences with plants in extreme environments and their risk of extinction. Conservation of plants and animals is inextricably entwined, and as such, various programs were established to publicize and recognize their relationship. The "Plant Link" encourages this interchange and contact. Furthermore, relationships between community groups and landowners in the conservation of plant life are encouraging. This relationship is beneficial in protecting the welfare of plants, which plays an important role in the life of every individual on this planet.
Nonrigid autofocus motion correction for coronary MR angiography with a 3D cones trajectory (2013)

The proposed technique corrects nonrigid motion artifacts in free-breathing 3D cones acquisitions, improving image quality compared to rigid-body motion correction.
Team Vigilance: The Effects of Co-Action on Workload and Stress (2011)

Operator vigilance is a vital concern to the Air Force in regard to cockpit monitoring, air-traffic control, and the supervisory control of unmanned aerial vehicles. A key interest is the performance of teams of observers because of the reliance of military operations on good teamwork. Previous literature has examined the efficacy of team vigilance performance by comparing the frequency of target detections by teams in comparison to those obtained by operators working alone. Team performance has consistently exceeded single-operator performance. The present study replicates this effect and provides the initial experimental investigation of the cost of being a team member. Results indicated that team members worked harder but reported less distress than single operators in the performance of a simulated UAV monitoring task.
Antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala methanol and n-hexane seed extracts on bacteria implicated in water borne diseases (2011)

The anti-bacterial activity of methanol and n-hexane extracts of Moringa oleifera andMoringa stenopetala seeds was conducted on 3 bacterial species (Salmonella typhii, Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli) which normally cause water borne diseases. The paper disc diffusion method was used with treatments arranged in a completely randomized design and replicated four times. The highest inhibitions were observed at dilutions of 20, 5 and 40% for M. oleifera and M. stenopetala methanol extracts on E. coli,S. typhi and V. cholerae respectively. The n-hexane extract of both M. oleifera and M. stenopetala had a higher inhibition on S. typhii than V. cholerae and E. coli. The results of this study showed that M. oleifera and M. stenopetala had a degree of antibacterial properties especially in low doses.

	 

	Key words: Moringa oleifera, Moringa stenopetala, methanol and n-hexane extracts, inhibition, Salmonella typhii, Vibrio cholera, Escherichia coli, Kenya.
Experiments in the control of Rhizoctonia damping-off of citrus seedlings (1936)

Abstract does not appear. First page follows.
 Introduction
 Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn has been reported from various localities as the most important fungus associated
 with the damping-off disease of citrus seedlings.(5), (19), (20), (21), (25) During the last four years this fungus has been constantly isolated from diseased
 seedlings of sweet orange, grapefruit, and sour orange which were collected in seed
 beds from various sections of southern California. In the present experiments, the
 high virulence of the pathogen in sterilized and natural soils has been repeatedly
 verified. There is an indication from field and greenhouse observations that sour
 orange is not quite so susceptible to the attack of the fungus as sweet orange.
 The disease is readily recognized in the seed bed. The dead seedlings with withered
 leaves usually remain standing about the margins of the bare areas which mark the
 centers of infection. At the margins of these areas may be found plants with lesions
 and apparently healthy seedlings with strands of the fungus hanging like spider webs
 around the base of the stem. In general, nurserymen are able to avoid damping-off
 or to keep it within reasonable limits by good cultural practices, such as are discussed
 by Fawcett and Lee.(5) In some seasons and in some sections, however, the losses due to damping-off have
 been excessive. In 1934, for instance, 50 to 60 per cent of the seedlings in some
 beds were affected.
In-situ transesterification of Jatropha curcas seeds using the mixture of methanol and isopropanol (2011)

The solubility and extractability of alcohol to triglyceride is an important factor in biodiesel production to enhance the reaction rate and to obtain a better purification. Methanol and isopropanol have an opposite properties of solubility and extractability to Jatropha curcas oil. Therefore, the mixture of methanol and isopropanol was used for conducting in situ transesterification of Jatropha curcas seeds with sodium methoxide as alkaline catalyst. The reaction was carried out by varying the ratio of solvent volume to seed weight from 6.25 to 8.75 (ml/g), various volume ratio of methanol to mixture from 0.33 to 0.66 (ml MeOH/ml mixture), and various catalyst concentration from 1.0 to 2.0 wt% at 60°C and reaction time 120 minutes. The highest conversion to biodiesel 74.28% was achieved with ratio of methanol and isopropanol volume to seed weight of 7.39, volume ratio of methanol to mixture of 0.655 and NaOMe concentration 1.58 wt% at 60°C and reaction time 120 minutes.
Tri-9-anthrylborane and Its Derivatives:  New Boron-Containing π-Electron Systems with Divergently Extended π-Conjugation through Boron (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTri-9-anthrylborane and Its Derivatives: New Boron-Containing π-Electron Systems with Divergently Extended π-Conjugation through BoronShigehiro Yamaguchi, Seiji Akiyama, and Kohei TamaoView Author Information Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 26, 6335–6336Publication Date (Web):June 16, 2000Publication History Received30 December 1999Published online16 June 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja994522uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja994522urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4397Altmetric-Citations201LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Aromatic compounds,Boron,Hydrocarbons,Reaction products Get e-Alerts