gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A framework for supporting previewing and VCR operations in a low bandwidth environment (1997)

We propose a novel delivery mechanism called 2-Phase Service Model to deliver video data to home users connected to the Internet through a low-bandwidth device such as a modem. In our scheme, non-adjacent fragments of the requested video file are first downloaded to the client during Initialization Phase. The missing fragments are transmitted to the client as the video is being played out, using a novel pipelining technique. This scheme offers several benefits as follows. First, it allows the user to perform a quick preview through the video with minimal delay. Second, it naturally supports VCR functionality with almost no delay as demonstrated by the simulation results shown in the paper. Finally, our mathematical analysis shows that despite the desirable features it offers, 2-Phase Service Model does not incur any more initialization delay than-that of the conventional pipelining technique.
Role of oncotic agents in saving effect of perflurochemical emulsions in hemodilution. (1977)

Survival prolongation was studied in rats which were hemodiluted to a hematocrit value of as low as 7, 4, or 1% by stepwise exchange transfusion, alternating bleeding through the artery and infusing a perfluorochemical (FC) emulsion into the vein, with the combined use of oncotic agents taken into consideration to maintain the circulating plasma volume, and the following results were found : (1) Plasma expander (PE) was indispensable to the use of FC emulsion for the survival of exchange-transfused rats. As an oncotic agent to be combined with FC emulsion, homologous plasma and 6% hydroxyethyl-starch (HES) solution were better than dextran in rats. (2) At the exchange transfusion with FC emulsion+PE, totaling 1.2 times the volume of blood eliminated, survival effect was better at a ratio of FC emulsion to PE of 1 : 3 than 3 : 1. (3) Supplementary infusions of Fluosol-DA (an improved FC emulsion made isooncotic with 2.7% HES) carried out after the exchange transfusion at intervals of 24 hr were effective in prolongation of survival.
Intranasal mupirocin for outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1997)

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of mupirocin are reviewed. Mupirocin is a naturally occurring antibiotic produced by submerged fermentation of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding reversibly and specifically to isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. Organisms resistant to other antimicrobials are not simultaneously resistant to mupirocin. Mupirocin is highly active against Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococci and streptococci. When mupirocin ointment is applied topically, local concentrations exceed the inhibitory concentrations for staphylococci and remain detectable for up to 72 hours. Placebo-controlled studies demonstrate the ability of mupirocin to eliminate nasal carriage of S. aureus in health care workers. Observational studies suggest that mupirocin is efficacious in treating methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) outbreaks. Preliminary studies show that mupirocin might have a role in preventing infections in high-risk patients. Although mupirocin seems to be well tolerated, mild to moderate adverse events have been reported, including respiratory problems and effects confined to the nose--erythema, swelling, burning or stinging, pruritus, and dryness. Mupirocin calcium ointment has FDA-approved labeling for the eradication of nasal MRSA colonization in adult patients and health care workers as part of comprehensive infection-control programs to reduce the risk of infection during institutional outbreaks. The recommended dosage is 0.5 g inserted into each nostril twice daily for five days. Intranasal mupirocin ointment appears to be a useful addition to infection-control programs designed to reduce the risk of infection among patients during MRSA outbreaks.
Effects of Vinylphosphonate Internucleotide Linkages on the Cleavage Specificity of Exonuclease III and on the Activity of DNA Polymerase I (2003)

We have previously reported the synthesis of vinylphosphonate-linked thymidine dimers and their incorporation into synthetic oligonucleotides to create vinylphosphonate internucleotide linkages in the DNA. Such linkages have a profound effect on DNA backbone rotational flexibility, and we have shown that the PcrA helicase, which requires such flexibility, is inhibited when it encounters these linkages on the translocating strand. In this study, we have investigated the effects of these linkages on the dsDNA specific exonuclease III and on the ssDNA specific mung bean nuclease to establish whether our modification confers resistance to nucleases making it suitable for antisense therapy applications. We also investigated the effect on DNA polymerase I to establish whether we could in the future use this enzyme to incorporate these linkages in the DNA. Our results show that a single modification does not affect the activity of DNA polymerase I, but four vinylphosphonate linkages in tandem inhibit its activity. Furthermore, such linkages do not confer significant nuclease resistance to either exonuclease III or mung bean nuclease, but unexpectedly, they alter the cleavage specificity of exonuclease III.
World Law (1960)

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Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions. V. Synthesis of dehydro-.beta.-peltatin methyl ether (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular Diels-Alder reactions. V. Synthesis of dehydro-.beta.-peltatin methyl etherLeRoy H. Klemm and Peruvemba SanthanamCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 3, 1268–1269Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01267a084https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01267a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantification of Tremor and Bradykinesia in Parkinson's Disease Using a Novel Ambulatory Monitoring System (2007)

An ambulatory system for quantification of tremor and bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is presented. To record movements of the upper extremities, a sensing units which included miniature gyroscopes, has been fixed to each of the forearms. An algorithm to detect and quantify tremor and another algorithm to quantify bradykinesia have been proposed and validated. Two clinical studies have been performed. In the first study, 10 PD patients and 10 control subjects participated in a 45-min protocol of 17 typical daily activities. The algorithm for tremor detection showed an overall sensitivity of 99.5% and a specificity of 94.2% in comparison to a video reference. The estimated tremor amplitude showed a high correlation to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) tremor subscore (e.g., r = 0.87, p < 0.001 for the roll axis). There was a high and significant correlation between the estimated bradykinesia related parameters estimated for the whole period of measurement and respective UPDRS subscore (e.g., r = -0.83, p < 0.001 for the roll axis). In the second study, movements of upper extremities of 11 PD patients were recorded for periods of 3-5 hr. The patients were moving freely during the measurements. The effects of selection of window size used to calculate tremor and bradykinesia related parameters on the correlation between UPDRS and these parameters were studied. By selecting a window similar to the period of the first study, similar correlations were obtained. Moreover, one of the bradykinesia related parameters showed significant correlation (r = -0.74, p < 0.01) to UPDRS with window sizes as short as 5 min. Our study provides evidence that objective, accurate and simultaneous assessment of tremor and bradykinesia can be achieved in free moving PD patients during their daily activities.
[Tumor diseases of the blood system: age, cholesterol level and erythrocyte count]. (1998)

Investigation of paradoxical relationships between age, cholesterol and red cell count (hemoglobin) will help understand general mechanisms of regulation of hemo- and immunogenesis in blood malignancies.
3D Shape Induction from 2D Views of Multiple Objects (2017)

In this paper we investigate the problem of inducing a distribution over three-dimensional structures given two-dimensional views of multiple objects taken from unknown viewpoints. Our approach called "projective generative adversarial networks" (PrGANs) trains a deep generative model of 3D shapes whose projections match the distributions of the input 2D views. The addition of a projection module allows us to infer the underlying 3D shape distribution without using any 3D, viewpoint information, or annotation during the learning phase. We show that our approach produces 3D shapes of comparable quality to GANs trained on 3D data for a number of shape categories including chairs, airplanes, and cars. Experiments also show that the disentangled representation of 2D shapes into geometry and viewpoint leads to a good generative model of 2D shapes. The key advantage is that our model allows us to predict 3D, viewpoint, and generate novel views from an input image in a completely unsupervised manner.
Optimal Auction Design and Equilibrium Selection in Sponsored Search Auctions (2010)

Optimal Auction Design and Equilibrium Selection in Sponsored Search Auctions by Benjamin Edelman and Michael Schwarz. Published in volume 100, issue 2, pages 597-602 of American Economic Review, May 2010
Fast Low-Spin Cobalt Complex Redox Shuttles for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

A low-spin cobalt(II) complex, cobalt bis(trithiacyclononane), [Co(ttcn)2](3+/2+), was investigated for use as a redox shuttle in dye-sensitized solar cells, DSSCs. This unique cobalt complex redox shuttle is stable, transparent, and easy to synthesize from commercial ligands and has attractive energetic and kinetic features for use in DSSCs. Initial results indicate that the overall performance is limited by recombination. Variation of the sensitizer and deposition of an ultrathin coating of alumina on nanoparticle-based TiO2 DSSC photoanodes reduced recombination, which resulted in significantly improved quantum yields. The photovoltaic behavior was compared to the current record efficiency cobalt tris-bipyridine, [Co(bpy)3](3+/2+), redox shuttle and produced similar results. Further use of high extinction organic sensitizers with only ∼200 mV of driving force for regeneration was examined, which produced efficiencies of over 2%; importantly, regeneration is not rate-limiting in this system, thus demonstrating the promise of using such fast redox shuttles.
The Measurement of Molecular Orientation in Polyethylene Terephthalate Filaments by X-Ray Diffraction (1962)

An x-ray method has been developed to measure the over-all crystalline orientation in polyethylene terephthalate fibers. Coupled with optical birefringence studies which measure total orientation, it allows an estimate to be made of the noncrystalline orienta tion. It has been shown, for yarns drawn under the same conditions as these fibers. that it is the noncrystalline orientation which changes with draw ratio, the crystalline orientation remaining approximately constant with draw ratio and heat treatment. The results are also discussed in rotation to the theories on strain-induced crystalli zation in drawn polyethylene terephthalate fibers. 1 Palmer, R. P., I.C.I. (Plastics Division), unpublished work. 2 Knapp, P. E., I.C.I. (Fibres Division) unpublished work. 3 Howells, E. R., I.C.I. (Plastics Division), unpublished work.
Loss of nuclear p16 protein expression correlates with increased tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67) and poor prognosis in patients with vertical growth phase melanoma. (2000)

The CDKN2A (p16INK4alpha) cell cycle-inhibitory gene has been associated with development of familial melanoma. Additionally, recent studies indicate that p16 alterations occur frequently in sporadic melanomas. To investigate whether differences in p16 expression are associated with tumor cell proliferation, tumor progression, and patient survival, we examined the immunohistochemical staining of p16 protein in a consecutive series of 202 vertical growth phase melanomas and 68 corresponding metastases and compared the results with Ki-67 expression, p53 expression, clinicopathological variables, and survival data. Forty-five percent of the primary tumors showed absent or minimal nuclear staining for p16 protein. These cases were significantly associated with high Ki-67 expression (P < 0.0001), ulceration (P = 0.001), and vascular invasion (P = 0.03). Further loss of p16 expression was observed in metastatic lesions (77% were negative; P < 0.0001). Absent/minimal nuclear p16 staining significantly predicted poor patient survival (log-rank test, P = 0.0003), with 37% and 67% estimated 10-year survival rates for cases with absent or present p16 expression, respectively. In multivariate analysis, p16 staining was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-4.2; P = 0.0008), along with p53 expression, Ki-67 expression, anatomical site, Clark's level of invasion, and vascular invasion. Our findings indicate that loss of nuclear p16 protein expression in vertical growth phase melanomas is associated with increased tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67) and independently predicts decreased patient survival. Cases without p53 expression had improved survival.
Effects of Dual/Threefold Rootstock Grafting on the Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Watermelon (2014)

To test the feasibility of multi-rootstock grafting, bottle gourd and pumpkin were used as rootstocks in a comparative analysis of the effects of single, dual, and threefold rootstock grafting on the plant growth, fruit yield, and quality of watermelon. Results showed that different grafts have significant effects on the abovementioned properties. The appropriate dual/threefold rootstock grafting allowed for higher survival rates. The combined rootstock of bottle gourd and pumpkin can enhance the plant growth potential and lower the incidence of wilt. The single fruit weight of the grafted plants with a combined rootstock from bottle gourd and pumpkin was the median of the weights obtained with the pumpkin rootstock and the bottle gourd rootstock. The plot yield of grafted plants with a pumpkin rootstock was higher than that of the plants with a bottle gourd rootstock. The low soluble solids content of the fruit grafted with a pumpkin rootstock had relatively high acidity, which could be improved by adding bottle gourd to the rootstock. The vitamin C content of the grafted fruit from the combined bottle gourd and pumpkin rootstock was higher than that of plants grafted with either bottle gourd or pumpkin alone. The subsequent analysis showed that the combined rootstock of bottle gourd and pumpkin has significant or extremely significant interaction effects on the stem diameter, number of leaves, single fruit weight, plot yield, and fruit vitamin C content of the grafted watermelon plants, which probably led to the higher related index values of some of grafting combinations.
Probucol Inactivates ABCA1 in the Plasma Membrane with Respect to Its Mediation of Apolipoprotein Binding and High Density Lipoprotein Assembly and to Its Proteolytic Degradation (2004)

Probucol has been shown to inhibit the release of cellular lipid by helical apolipoprotein and thereby to reduce plasma high density lipoprotein. We attempted to explore the underlying mechanism for this effect in human fibroblast WI-38. Probucol inhibited the apoA-I-mediated cellular lipid release and binding of apoA-I to the cells in a dose-dependent manner. It did not influence cellular uptake of low density lipoprotein, transport of cholesterol to the cell surface whether de novo synthesized or delivered as low density lipoprotein, and overall cellular content of cholesterol, although biosynthesis of lipids from acetate was somewhat increased. Probucol did not affect the mRNA level of ABCA1, and ABCA1 was recovered along with marker proteins for plasma membrane regardless of the presence of probucol. However, the protein level of ABCA1 increased, and the rate of its decay in the presence of cycloheximide was slower in the probucol-treated cells. ABCA1 in the probucol-treated cells was resistant to digestion by calpain but not by trypsin. We concluded that probucol inactivates ABCA1 in the plasma membrane with respect to its function in mediating binding of and lipid release by apolipoprotein and with respect to proteolytic degradation by calpain.
Abstract 3613: Down regulation of LIM kinase1 enhances taxane sensitivity of cancer cells (2011)

Abstract Taxane compounds, such as docetaxel and paclitaxel, are microtubule-targeted tubulin-polymerizing agents and have proven to be the first line of treatment choice for castration-resistant prostate cancer and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. However resistance to taxane compounds develops commonly due to altered beta tubulin isotypes or development of multidrug resistance (MDR) through activation of p-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. In addition there are serious side effects and systemic toxicity encountered with docetaxel treatment. There is a need to enhance the efficacy of the taxane compounds by identifying novel targets, inhibition of which would induce mitotic arrest and apoptosis. LIM kinase1 (LIMK1) is a serine/threonine kinase, which coordinates microtubule stability and reorganization of actin cytoskleton through inactivating phosphorylation of cofilin, and is involved in regulation of the mitotic process. LIMK1 is overexpressed in breast and prostate tumors and in breast and prostate cancer cells in culture. Ectopic expression of LIMK1 promotes altered cell cycle progression and mitotic defects. Furthermore, LIMK1 expression prevents normal cellular response to paclitaxel in prostate epithelial cells, such as metaphase arrest and retarded cell growth. In this study, we show that ectopic expression of LIMK1 in BPH-1 cells decreased cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel through reduction of the number of apoptotic cells. Cell viability analysis using MTT assay showed that LIMK1 expressing cells maintained a higher viable cell density compared to control cells following paclitaxel treatment. LIMK1 expression in BPH-1 cells also increased BCL2 expression and decreased translocation of BAX to mitochondria compared to control cells. siRNA-induced down regulation of LIMK1 expression increased docetaxel sensitivity of breast and prostate cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis of LIMK1 siRNA treated cells showed increased percentage of apoptotic cells compared to control RNA treated cells. Western blot analysis showed increased cleavage of apoptotic markers PARP, caspase 3 and caspase 9 in LIMK1 shRNA transfected prostate cancer cells upon docetaxel treatment compared to cells transfected with scrambled shRNA. Our study suggests that targeted inhibition of LIMK1 expression may potentiate the effects of taxane compounds on breast and prostate cancer cells. This study will have a broad impact on management of castration-resistant prostate and tamoxifen-resistant/ER-apha negative breast cancer cells with increased sensitivity of taxane compounds at a lower dose and hence less systemic toxicity, which could be applicable to other types of cancers as well. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3613. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3613
The Co-Ordination of Limb Movements in the Amphibia (1946)

ABSTRACT Well-defined myotactic reflexes (retractor-extensor thrusts) can be elicited from the retractor and extensor musculature when these muscles contract against an external resistance. A de-afferentated limb cannot exert a retractor-extensor thrust. A retractor-extensor thrust arising in a forelimb evokes an extensor response in the diagonal hindlimb and a protractor response in the contralateral forelimb. In order that these responses should display themselves with regularity it is necessary to de-afferentate the responding limb; in an intact limb they are often masked by the control exerted by the limb’s own proprioceptive mechanism. In an intact animal a retractor-extensor thrust in a forelimb evokes a ‘placing reaction’ from the ipsilateral hindlimb. This phenomenon is only partially displayed if the hindlimb is de-afferentated. When an intact forelimb responds, by protraction, to passive stretch, the contralateral hindlimb flexes and the ipsilateral hindlimb extends if the latter limbs have been de-afferentated. The individual proprioceptor limb responses integrate to form an adequate picture of the co-ordinated limb movements seen when an intact toad ceases to swim and begins to walk on land. The role of proprioceptor activity in the maintenance of an ambulatory rhythm in a single limb is discussed.