gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of lasers in dentistry: principles of operation and clinical applications. (2003)

This article describes the principles of laser operation and the clinical application of laser technology in the different fields of dentistry. It discusses the use of the Er:YAG laser in restorative dentistry, pediatric dentistry, and periodontics, as well as the introduction of a new side-firing spiral tip for efficient cleaning of the root canal system by means of lateral laser irradiation. Although the Er:YAG laser is used mostly on enamel and dentin, the gingival depigmentation procedure using this laser also is described. Clinical applications of the CO2 and diode lasers on soft tissues, particularly in the fields of oral and maxillofacial surgery and perodontics, are explained. Because teeth whitening for esthetic reasons has gained increasing popularity in dentistry, the application of diode lasers for this purpose is discussed. All the dental laser procedures described in this article are conducted at the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine and are further investigated in various clinical research projects.
Catalytic Asymmetric Aryl Transfer Reactions to Aldehydes with Grignard Reagents as the Aryl Source (2008)

Power of added titanium: Aryl Grignard reagents can be used in asymmetric aryl transfer to aldehydes by using a 3-(3,5-diphenylphenyl)-H8-BINOL-derived titanium(IV) catalyst in the presence of excess titanium tetraisopropoxide (see scheme). The reaction proceeds with a low catalyst loading (2 mol %) and exhibits high enantioselectivity. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Architecture of the VL86C020 RISC (2003)

The VL86C020 microprocessor is a CMOS-technology reduced-instruction-set computing (RISC) device containing its own data cache on silicon. It was designed using the VLSI technology 1.5- mu m two-layer metal single-polysilicon-process rules. The part operates with a baseline performance of 16 MHz and two packages: 149-pin plastic quad flatpack. Since the CPU unit of the VL86C020 is the same as the widely available VL86C010 RISC, the standard VL86C010 processor can be made available in the 1.5- mu m process at 16 to 20 MHz as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simulation of Gear-shift Algorithm for Automatic Transmission Based on MATLAB (2009)

As automobile systems become more and more sophisticated, the need to integrate the science research and engineering software is increasing. As a modeling and simulation software tool, MATLAB can help automobile engineers solve lots of practical problems. Based in vehicle acceleration characteristics, this article introduces a method to get an optimized dynamic 3-parameter gear-shift algorithm of 8-speed automatic transmission through MATLAB programming. The up-shift algorithm is presented at first, following the down-shift algorithm. Moreover, on the basis of MATLAB/SIMULINK, according to the math-model, a simulated modeling of the gear-shift algorithm is made. The vehicle system integration model consists of engine, hydraulic torque converter, gearbox, gear-shift algorithm with its control system, and vehicle body dynamic system. Finally, the focus is in particular on the dynamic performances of the simulated model to analyze how the vehicle operates under the gear-shift algorithm. The calculated and simulated result indicates that the work can predict the gear-shift performance of the target vehicle successfully.
Classification of Material Mixtures in Volume Data for Visualization and Modeling (1994)

Material classification is a key stop in creating computer graphics models and images from volume data, We present a new algorithm for identifying the distribution of different material types in volumetric datasets such as those produced with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMI) or Computed Tomography (CT). The algorithm assumes that voxels can contain more than one material, e.g. both muscle and fat; we wish to compute the relative proportion of each material in the voxels. Other classification methods have utilized Gaussian probability density functions to model the distribution of values within a dataset. These Gaussian basis functions work well for voxels with unmixed materials, but do not work well where the materials are mixed together. We extend this approach by deriving non-Gaussian "mixture" basis functions. We treat a voxel as a volume, not as a single point. We use the distribution of values within each voxel-sized volume to identify materials within the voxel using a probabilistic approach. The technique reduces the classification artifacts that occur along boundaries between materials. The technique is useful for making higher quality geometric models and renderings from volume data, and has the potential to make more accurate volume measurements. It also classifies noisy, low-resolution data well.
An investigation of herpes simplex virus promoter activity compatible with latency establishment reveals VP16-independent activation of immediate-early promoters in sensory neurones (2011)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 establishes lifelong latency in sensory neurones and it is widely assumed that latency is the consequence of a failure to initiate virus immediate-early (IE) gene expression. However, using a Cre reporter mouse system in conjunction with Cre-expressing HSV-1 recombinants we have previously shown that activation of the IE ICP0 promoter can precede latency establishment in at least 30% of latently infected cells. During productive infection of non-neuronal cells, IE promoter activation is largely dependent on the transactivator VP16 a late structural component of the virion. Of significance, VP16 has recently been shown to exhibit altered regulation in neurones; where its de novo synthesis is necessary for IE gene expression during both lytic infection and reactivation from latency. In the current study, we utilized the Cre reporter mouse model system to characterize the full extent of viral promoter activity compatible with cell survival and latency establishment. In contrast to the high frequency activation of representative IE promoters prior to latency establishment, cell marking using a virus recombinant expressing Cre under VP16 promoter control was very inefficient. Furthermore, infection of neuronal cultures with VP16 mutants reveals a strong VP16 requirement for IE promoter activity in non-neuronal cells, but not sensory neurones. We conclude that only IE promoter activation can efficiently precede latency establishment and that this activation is likely to occur through a VP16-independent mechanism.
Characterization of Vacuolar Membrane Proteins Changed in Rice Root Treated with Gibberellin (2005)

Rice vacuolar membrane proteins changed by gibberellin (GA) were analyzed using a proteome approach. Vacuolar membrane fractions were isolated using a discontinuous sucrose/sorbitol system and 10 proteins increased in vacuolar membrane of the root, treated with GA(3) as compared with control. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase C-1 and vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) increased in root vacuolar membrane by GA(3) interacted in rice roots. It suggests that aldolase C-1 regulates the V-ATPase mediated control of cell elongation that determines root growth.
Development of a new percutaneous access device for implantation in soft tissues (1991)

The objective of this study was to evaluate a new type of percutaneous device (PD) designed to be implanted in soft tissues. The new PD consisted out of: (1) a flange-shaped subcutaneous component, made from sintered titanium fiber-web, and (2) a percutaneous component, made from dense sintered hydroxyapatite. The PDs were inserted in the back of 15 rabbits. The surgical procedure was performed in two steps. In the first session the subcutaneous component was placed. In the second session, after 3-4 months the percutaneous component was fixed in the subcutaneous component. The implants were left in situ for 1 and 4 months after the second implantation session. Clinical and histological investigations were performed. It is found, that there was only a limited epidermal down-growth in the percutaneous area. No inflammatory reaction was observed in the dermal connective tissue. Histological analysis also demonstrated that titanium fiber mesh evokes minor adverse effects of the surrounding tissues. In conclusion, these experiments have shown that stabilization of the PD in the hypodermal area by using a sintered titanium fiber-web structure favors the longevity of PDs implanted in soft tissues.
Electronic mode of control to obtain increased torque and improved power factor from an asynchronous machine (1970)

It is indicated that, by changing the electronic switching mode of the rotor current of an induction machine, it is possible to operate the machine at improved (capacitive) power factors and increased torque, or conversely at lower effective current and capacitive power factors at rated torque.
Aminosäureester als chirale Hilfsgruppen bei Barbier‐Reaktionen in wäßriger Lösung (1991)

Amino Acid Esters as Chiral Auxiliaries in Barbier‐Type Reactions in Aqueous Solution Valine and proline benzyl ester are converted into the aliphatic and aromatic α‐oxo amides 5 by activation of the respective α‐oxo acid by means of N,N ′‐diisopropylcarbodiimide. The α‐oxo amides 5 undergo Barbier‐type reactions with differently substituted allyl halides in the presence of zinc and pyridinium toluenesulfonate in water/THF (2:1, v/v) at 4°C. Thereby, the α‐hydroxy amides 8/9 are formed in high yields and, in the case of the proline ester amides, with diastereomer ratios of 4–6:1. In the absence of any allyl halide, or if the addition of the allyl moiety to the carbonyl groups is only slow, the oxo groups are reduced to secondary alcohols, thus giving rise to the α‐hydroxy amides 12/13 . During the reduction of the pyruvamide 5d also the competitive formation of the pinacol adduct 15 is observed. These results indicate that in the Barbier reactions in aqueous solution radicals are involved as intermediates.
Real‐time visualization of muscle stiffness distribution with ultrasound shear wave imaging during muscle contraction (2010)

A stand-alone ultrasound shear wave imaging technology has been developed to quantify and visualize Young's modulus distribution by remotely applying ultrasound radiation force and tracking the resulting microvibrations in soft tissues with ultrafast ultrasound imaging. We report the first preliminary data that detected the distribution of local muscle stiffness within and between resting and contracting muscles at different muscle lengths with this technology. This technique may assist clinicians in characterizing muscle injuries or neuromuscular disorders.
Specific Adducts Formed through a Radical Reaction between Peptides and Contact Allergenic Hydroperoxides (2009)

The first step in the development of contact allergy (allergic contact dermatitis) includes the penetration of an allergy-causing chemical (hapten) into the skin, where it binds to macromolecules such as proteins. The protein-hapten adduct is then recognized by the immune system as foreign to the body. For hydroperoxides, no relevant hapten target proteins or protein-hapten adducts have so far been identified. In this work, bovine insulin and human angiotensin I were used as model peptides to investigate the haptenation mechanism of three hydroperoxide haptens: (5R)-5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-2-cyclohexene-1-hydroperoxide (Lim-2-OOH), cumene hydroperoxide (CumOOH), and 1-(1-hydroperoxy-1-methylethyl) cyclohexene (CycHexOOH). These hydroperoxides are expected to react via a radical mechanism, for which 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine iron(III) chloride (Fe(III)TPPCl) was used as a radical initiator. The reactions were carried out in 1:1 ethanol/10 mM ammonium acetate buffer pH 7.4, for 3 h at 37 degrees C, and the reaction products were either enzymatically digested or analyzed directly by MALDI/TOF-MS, HPLC/MS/MS, and 2D gel electrophoresis. Both hydroperoxide-specific and unspecific reaction products were detected, but only in the presence of the iron catalyst. In the absence of catalyst, the hydroperoxides remained unreacted. This suggests that the hydroperoxides can enter into the skin and remain inert until activated. Through the detection of a Lim-2-OOH adduct bound at the first histidine (of two) of angiotensin I, it was confirmed that hydroperoxides have the potential to form specific antigens in contact allergy.
Report on Fruits and Fruit Products (1945)

Journal Article Report on Fruits and Fruit Products Get access R A Osborn R A Osborn Referee Food and Drug Administration, Federal Security Agency, Washington, D. C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 28, Issue 3, 1 August 1945, Pages 505–507, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/28.3.505 Published: 12 February 2020
Different Effects of FK506, Rapamycin, and Mycophenolate Mofetil on Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Release and Apoptosis in Human Islets (2009)

Pancreatic islet transplantation has the potential to be an effective treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus. While recent improvements have improved 1-year outcomes, follow-up studies show a persistent loss of graft function/survival over 5 years. One possible cause of islet transplant failure is the immunosuppressant regimen required to prevent alloimmune graft rejection. Although there is evidence from separate studies, mostly in rodents and cell lines, that FK506 (tacrolimus), rapamycin (sirolimus), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; CellCept) can damage pancreatic beta-cells, there have been few side-by-side, multiparameter comparisons of the effects of these drugs on human islets. In the present study, we show that 24-h exposure to FK506 or MMF impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human islets. FK506 had acute and direct effects on insulin exocytosis, whereas MMF did not. FK506, but not MMF, impaired human islet graft function in diabetic NOD*scid mice. All of the immunosuppressants tested in vitro increased caspase-3 cleavage and caspase-3 activity, whereas MMF induced ER-stress to the greatest degree. Treating human islets with the GLP-1 agonist exenatide ameliorated the immunosuppressant-induced defects in glucose-stimulated insulin release. Together, our results demonstrate that immunosuppressants impair human beta-cell function and survival, and that these defects can be circumvented to a certain extent with exenatide treatment.
The structure of lienomycin, a pentaene macrolide antitumor antibiotic. I. The structure of the carbon skeleton and the location of functionalities. (1980)

The structure of a novel type of pentaene macrolide named lienomycin (I) was established by selected chemical transformations of I followed by MS examination of the products. This report provides evidence on the structure of the carbon skeleton of I and on the location of functionalities.
Tabu Marking Scheme for IP Traceback (2005)

The IP traceback is an attractive mechanism in defending against distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper we propose a new probabilistic packet marking (PPM) scheme for IP traceback, tabu marking scheme (TMS). In this scheme a router regards a packet marked by an upstream router as a tabu and does not mark it again. Furthermore we derive a new analytical result on the partial coupon collection problem for convergence analysis. Numerical results show that TMS significantly reduces the convergence time under DDoS attacks, as compared with previous PPM schemes that allow overwriting. TMS also ensures the authentication of the routers' markings.
A microphone array system for speech source localization, denoising, and dereverberation (2002)

There is a great deal of potential for advancement in distant-talker speech acquisition research, and a wealth of current and future technology depends upon these advances. The goal of this work is to allow users the opportunity to roam unfettered in diverse environments while still providing a high quality speech signal and a robustness to background noise and reverberation effects. In this thesis, a microphone array speech enhancement system is presented which has three main components: source localization, background noise reduction, and dereverberation. The localization algorithm is effective in the presence of both background noise and reverberations and simultaneously produces relative time delay estimates and a source location estimate. It provides a procedure applicable to all time delay estimators which either maximize or minimize an appropriate objective function, improving the estimators' robustness to environmental degradations. The denoising algorithm is a multi-microphone extension to the Minimum Statistics denoising technique [Martin (2001)]. This algorithm also has an additional and optional SNR-dependent beamforming stage that is shown to be very useful in certain environments. The final component is a multi-channel dereverberation algorithm which models the speech source and room reverberations independently. A weighting function is estimated and applied in the Wavelet Transform domain to de-emphasize portions which are less coherent across microphone signals, an indication of reverberation effects. Results for the various components are provided as proof of the effectiveness of the proposed multi-microphone speech enhancement system.
An inline measurement method for capacity of end-to-end network path (2006)

We previously proposed a new version of TCP, called inline measurement TCP (ImTCP), in Cao Le Thanh Man et al. (2004). The ImTCP sender adjusts the transmission intervals of data packets and then utilizes the arrival intervals of ACK packets for available bandwidth estimation. This type of active measurement is preferred because the obtained results are as accurate as those of other conventional types of active measurement, even though no extra probe traffic is injected onto the network. In the present research, we combine a new capacity measurement function with ImTCP in order to enable simultaneous measurement of both capacity and available bandwidth in ImTCP. The capacity measurement algorithm is a new packet-pair-based measurement technique that utilizes the estimated available bandwidth values for capacity calculation. This new algorithm promises faster measurement than current packet-pair-based measurement algorithms for various situations and works well for high-load networks, in which current algorithms do not work properly. Moreover, the new algorithm provides a confidence interval for the measurement result.
Furan fatty acids – valuable minor fatty acids in food (2013)

Abstract Furan fatty acids (F‐acids) are heterocyclic lipid components with a furan moiety in the centre of the molecule. Reports on F‐acids in the literature are rather scarce, although they are considered as particularly valuable food ingredients. F‐acids occur as minor compounds in the lipids of different food samples. Despite the low concentrations, some studies produced evidence that the F‐acids are excellent radical scavengers and thus are able to protect polyunsaturated fatty acids from lipid peroxidation. Accordingly, they may play a currently underrated and largely overlooked positive role in human nutrition. The limited data available result from difficulties in the analysis of these trace compounds. F‐acids in food can hardly be determined without selective enrichment and the use of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for their determination. The lack of reference standards is a further drawback that hampers the exact assessment of the actual relevance of F‐acids in human nutrition.
Dynamic virtual machine allocation in cloud server facility systems with renewable energy sources (2013)

This paper explores the problem of virtual machine (VM) allocation in a network of cloud server facilities which are deployed in different geographical areas. Each cloud server facility is connected to the conventional power grid network and in addition it is supported by an attached renewable energy source (RES). We address the problem of energy-efficient task allocation in the system in the presence of a time-varying grid energy price and the unpredictability and time variation of provisioned power by the RES. The objective is to reduce the total cost of power consumption for the operator. The key idea is to match the VM load with the RES provisioned power. Each request for a task to be executed in the cloud is associated with a VM request with certain resource requirements and a deadline by which it needs to be completed. The cloud provider has to create a VM with the resource requirements of the request and to execute the VM before the deadline. We propose an online algorithm with given look-ahead horizon, in which the grid power prices and patterns of output power of the RESs are known a priori and we compare it with a greedy online algorithm. Numerical results on real traces of cloud traffic and renewable source generation patterns are encouraging in terms of the performance of our techniques and motivate further research on the topic.
Ensemble Deep Learning for Biomedical Time Series Classification (2016)

Ensemble learning has been proved to improve the generalization ability effectively in both theory and practice. In this paper, we briefly outline the current status of research on it first. Then, a new deep neural network-based ensemble method that integrates filtering views, local views, distorted views, explicit training, implicit training, subview prediction, and Simple Average is proposed for biomedical time series classification. Finally, we validate its effectiveness on the Chinese Cardiovascular Disease Database containing a large number of electrocardiogram recordings. The experimental results show that the proposed method has certain advantages compared to some well-known ensemble methods, such as <i>Bagging</i> and <i>AdaBoost</i>.
Hypoxia-inducible factor asparaginyl hydroxylase (FIH-1) catalyses hydroxylation at the β-carbon of asparagine-803 (2002)

Asparagine-803 in the C-terminal transactivation domain of human hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha-subunit is hydroxylated by factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) under normoxic conditions causing abrogation of the HIF-1alpha/p300 interaction. NMR and other analyses of a hydroxylated HIF fragment produced in vitro demonstrate that hydroxylation occurs at the beta-carbon of Asn-803 and imply production of the threo -isomer, in contrast with other known aspartic acid/asparagine hydroxylases that produce the erythro -isomer.