gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ligand Specificity and Evolution of Mammalian Musk Odor Receptors: Effect of Single Receptor Deletion on Odor Detection (2016)

The long-sought musk odor receptor family in mammals was discovered and found to be well conserved and narrowly tuned to musk odors. In mice, deletion of the most sensitive musk receptor resulted in drastic reduction in sensitivity to muscone, demonstrating a strong link between receptor and odor perception. In humans, we found one musk receptor that recognized both macrocyclic and nitro musks that had distinct chemical structures. The structure-activity relationships were in a good agreement with human sensory perception and therefore may be used to develop novel musk aroma in fragrance fields. Finally, identification of a natural ligand(s) for musk receptors in mammals other than musk deer would reveal an evolutionarily pivotal role in each species in the future.
TECHNOLOGY PROSPECTING ON ENZYMES: APPLICATION, MARKETING AND ENGINEERING (2012)

Enzymes are protein molecules functioning as specialized catalysts for chemical reactions. They have contributed greatly to the traditional and modern chemical industry by improving existing processes. In this article, we first give a survey of representative industrial applications of enzymes, focusing on the technical applications, feed industry, food processing and cosmetic products. The recent important developments and applications of enzymes in industry are reviewed. Then large efforts are dedicated to the worldwide enzyme market from the demand and production perspectives. Special attention is laid on the Chinese enzyme market. Although enzyme applications are being developed in full swing, breakthroughs are needed to overcome their weaknesses in maintaining activities during the catalytic processes. Strategies of metagomic analysis, cell surface display technology and cell-free system might give valuable solutions in novel enzyme exploiting and enzyme engineering.
Silicon phononic crystal for surface acoustic waves (2006)

The recent theoretical and experimental demonstra- tions of band gaps for surface acoustic waves have still enlarged the field of potential applications for phononic crystals. Direct excitation of this type of waves on the surface of a piezoelectric material, and their already extensive use in ultrasonics make them an interesting basis for phononic crystal based, acoustic signal processing devices. Thus is raised the issue of designing suitable structures for a given application. An ongoing study of the key parameters affecting the position and width of band gaps in phononic crystal is hence presented in this paper. In particular, closer interest is given to both the lattice structure and its filling fraction. Numerical examples are then given in the case of vacuum scatterers/solid matrix crystals. Eventually, a fabrication method of a silicon phononic crystal is presented, and characterization methods are proposed.
Electronic principles of the Tellurometer (1958)

An operational description of the Tellurometer system of distance measurement has been published but gives only the minimum of electronic detail for a broad understanding of the system. This paper is intended to supplement the operational description and will be confined to the electronic aspects only.
Resistance Exercise and Insulin Regulate AS160 and Interaction With 14-3-3 in Human Skeletal Muscle (2007)

A single bout of aerobic exercise can enhance insulin action, but whether a similar effect occurs after resistance exercise is unknown. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed on eight male subjects at rest and after a single bout and three repeated bouts of resistance exercise over 7 days. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken before and after the clamp and immediately after a single exercise bout. Whole-body insulin action measured by glucose infusion rate decreased (P < 0.05) after a single exercise bout, whereas in response to repeated bouts of resistance exercise, the glucose infusion rate was similar to the rest trial. In skeletal muscle, Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation, an Akt substrate implicated in the regulation of GLUT4 translocation, and its interaction with 14-3-3 was decreased (P < 0.05) only after a single exercise bout. Insulin increased (P < 0.05) phosphorylation of AS160 and its interaction with 14-3-3, but the insulin response was not influenced by resistance exercise. Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt were similar to changes in AS160 phosphorylation after exercise and/or insulin. In conclusion, a single bout of resistance exercise impairs whole-body insulin action. Regulation of AS160 and interaction with 14-3-3 in skeletal muscle are influenced by resistance exercise and insulin but do not fully explain the effect of resistance exercise on whole-body insulin action.
Mechanism of association of a specific aldehyde "transition-state analog" to the active site of .alpha.-chymotrypsin (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of association of a specific aldehyde "transition-state analog" to the active site of .alpha.-chymotrypsinWilliam P. Kennedy and Richard M. SchultzCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 2, 349–356Publication Date (Print):January 23, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 23 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00569a019https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00569a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protein redistribution diet restores motor function in patients with dopa‐resistant “off” periods (1988)

Sixteen parkinsonians with acquired drug-resistant "off" periods without dyskinesia were placed on a diet in which virtually all protein was concentrated in the evening meal. Restoration of sensitivity to levodopa resulted in 88%. Ten patients (62%) have continued to comply with the diet for 7 months (mean). Two patients were studied in detail. Immobility correlated with elevated plasma levels of large neutral amino acids (LNAA), normality with low LNAA.
1<i>H</i>,1<i>H</i>-Perfluoroalkylation of Enol Silyl Ethers with (1<i>H</i>,1<i>H</i>-Perfluoroalkyl)phenyliodonium Triflates. A New Method for the Preparation of β- and δ-Trifluoromethyl Carbonyl Compounds and Their Higher Perfluoroalkyl Homologues (1987)

Abstract The reaction of enol trimethylsilyl ethers of carbonyl compounds with (1H,1H-perfluoroalkyl)phenyliodonium triflates was promoted successfully by potassium fluoride in dichloromethane at room temperature, giving β-perfluoroalkyl (Rf; CF3, C2F5, i-C3F7, n-C7F15) carbonyl compounds in good yields. An enol silyl ether of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound gave a δ-Rf-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound selectively.
Optimization of laser scribing for thin-film PV modules. Final technical progress report, 12 April 1995--11 October 1997 (1998)

This report covers the work done by the University of Toledo under this subcontract. Researchers determined the threshold power densities for the onset of ablation from thin films of CdTe, CuInSe{sub 2}, SnO{sub 2}:F, ZnO:Al, gold, and molybdenum for 12 different wavelength laser systems using wide variations of laser pulse durations. Optimum energy density for the most efficient removal of material during scribing strongly depends on the wavelength of the laser and, to a smaller extent, on the pulse duration. The optimum energy densities range from 0.5 J/sq cm for the 532-nm, 8-nsec YAG pulse on CdTe to 0.2 J/sq cm for the excimer laser at 308 nm on CIS. Poor scribing of CdTe was seen with the 1064-nm beam, ZnO was scribed poorly by all lasers except for the excimer laser. Excellent scribe profiles were observed with the 308-nm excimer lasers on all materials including ZnO.
Reactive Deposition of Cobalt Electrodes: III . Role of Anions (1990)

In the presence of bubbling oxygen, the most important effect of anions in the solutions is on the pathways of oxygen reduction during reactive deposition of cobalt. In the presence of Cl− ions, oxygen reduction proceeds mainly through a two‐electron process to form and OH− ions as intermediate products. On the other hand, oxygen is also reduced by a two‐electron pathway, but with the formation of ions as the main product in the presence of ions. However, in acetate solutions, a likely mechanism of oxygen reduction is a four‐electron pathway with the formation of water. During reactive deposition of cobalt, oxygen reduction takes place prior to the deposition of cobalt and the potential shifts to the cathodic side as compared to the deposition of cobalt in the absence of oxygen. Cobalt deposition processes and the porous structure of cobalt electrodes are therefore directly affected by the pathways of oxygen reduction.
Carbon fiber composites with battery function: Stresses and dimensional changes due to Li-ion diffusion (2018)

Structural composite materials that simultaneously carry mechanical loads, while storing electrical energy offers the potential of significantly reduced total component weight owing to the multifunctionality. In the suggested micro-battery, the carbon fiber is employed as a negative electrode of the battery and also as a composite reinforcement material. It is coated with a solid polymer electrolyte working as an ion conductor and separator while transferring mechanical loads. The coated fiber is surrounded by a conductive positive electrode material matrix. This paper demonstrates a computational methodology for addressing mechanical stresses arising in a conceptualized micro-battery and dimensional changes of the cell during electrochemical cycling, caused by time-dependent gradients in lithium ion concentration distribution.
21-Aminosteroid lipid peroxidation inhibitor U74006F protects against cerebral ischemia in gerbils. (1988)

U74006F (21-[4-(2,6-di-1-pyrrolidinyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-16 alpha-methylpregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-3,20-dione, monomethane sulfonate) is a novel and potent inhibitor of central nervous system tissue lipid peroxidation that is devoid of classical steroid hormonal activities. Its possible efficacy in attenuating postischemic mortality and neuronal necrosis was examined in gerbils following 3-hour unilateral carotid artery occlusion. Male Mongolian gerbils received two intraperitoneal injections of either vehicle or U74006F (3 or 10 mg/kg), the first injection 10 minutes before and the second injection at the end of the 3-hour ischemic episode. In an initial series of experiments, vehicle-treated gerbils displayed 60.9% (14 of 23) survival 24 hours after ischemia, which decreased to 34.8% (8 of 23) at 48 hours. In contrast, the 10 mg/kg U74006F-treated group showed 86.7% (13 of 15) survival at 24 hours (p less than 0.15 vs. vehicle) and 80.0% (12 of 15) survival at 48 hours (p less than 0.02). In a second series, neurons in the hippocampal CA1 subfield and the medial and lateral cerebral cortex were counted in gerbils surviving 24 hours after unilateral carotid artery occlusion. Comparison of neuronal densities in the ischemic hemisphere with those in the contralateral nonischemic hemisphere revealed significant neuronal preservation in all three brain regions of 10 mg/kg i.p. x 2 U74006F-treated gerbils. Our results show that U74006F can improve survival and attenuate neuronal necrosis in a severe brain ischemia model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Direct image reconstruction from a Fourier intensity pattern using HERALDO (2008)

We present what we believe to be the first experimental demonstration of a novel coherent lensless imaging technique: holography with extended reference by autocorrelation linear differential operator. Upon taking derivatives of the field autocorrelation this technique allows the direct reconstruction of an object complex-valued transmissivity from a measurement of its Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. We show reconstruction examples using a parallelogram, a thin slit, and a triangle as extended references.
Total phenolic, anthocyanin contents and antioxidant capacity of selected elderberry (Sambucus canadensis L.) accessions (2010)

Fourteen purple-black American elderberry accessions (Sambucus canadensis L.) obtained from various sites in midwestern USA and then grown at a single Ohio production site in USA were analyzed for their total phenolic (TP) and total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) contents and for their antioxidant capacity by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging assays. Total phenolic and anthocyanin contents were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the pH differential methods, respectively. Overall, the phytonutrient contents and antioxidant capacity of our elderberry accessions were similar to those typically reported for black raspberries, blackberries and other dark-fleshed small fruits. Variability among accessions was greatest for TMA content (CV 37.5%); individuals ranged nearly threefold from 1308 to 4004 μg cy3-GE/g on a fresh weight basis. Variation among accessions was also evident for TP, FRAP and DPPH values (CV 14.4, 21.7 and 26.8%, respectively). TP and TMA values were very highly correlated (r = 0.93), although individuals differed in the estimated proportion of total phenolics attributable to anthocyanins. Both TP and TMA also highly correlated to antioxidant capacity values (r = 0.70-0.85). Within this limited study of 14 accessions, variability for phytonutrient content and antioxidant capacity suggested the employment of wild germplasm within an elderberry improvement program to incorporate an array of superior horticultural, post-harvest or processing traits into new or existing cultivars with superior phytonutrient profiles.
Manipulations of germ‐cell populations in the gonad of the fowl (1994)

1. Embryos of the domestic fowl have been partially sterilised by injecting the drug busulphan into 24-h incubated eggs. 2. Some of these embryos were injected with primordial germ cells (PGCs) after 55 h of incubation to attempt to repopulate the gonads. 3. Primordial germ cells transfected with a defective retrovirus containing the reporter gene lac Z were shown to settle in these sterilised gonads. 4. Quantitative histology of 6-d embryos showed that busulphan produced 75% sterilisation but that PGCs could repopulate these gonads. 5. The technique of producing such germ line chimaeras is of value in studying cell kinetics, gonad differentiation and the production of transgenics.
The Protestant Ethic and the Parsis (1962)

Two economic values, two technical values, and a value common to both areas, are abstracted from Weber's and Merton's works on the early. Protestants. These five values are described as they are expressed in Zoroastrianism. The relevant behavior of present-day Zoroastrians-the Parsis of India-is examined and found to give us more confidence in the suggested positive association between the acceptance of economic and technical values and the appearance of commercial and technological behavior.
Interactive road situation analysis for driver assistance and safety warning systems : framework and algorithms (2007)

Road situation analysis in Interactive Intelligent Driver-Assistance and Safety Warning (I2DASW) systems involves estimation and prediction of the position and size of various on-road obstacles. Real-time processing, given incomplete and uncertain information, is a challenge for current object detection and tracking technologies. This paper proposed a development framework and novel algorithms for road situation analysis based on driving action behavior, where the safety situation is analyzed by simulating real driving action behaviors. First, we review recent development and trends in road situation analysis to provide perspective for the related research. Second, we introduce a road situation analysis framework, where onboard sensors provide information about drivers, traffic environment, and vehicles. Finally, on the basis of the previous frameworks, we proposed multiple-obstacle detection and tracking algorithms using multiple sensors including radar, lidar, and a camera, where a decentralized track-to-track fusion approach is introduced to fuse these sensors. In order to reduce the effect of obstacle shape and appearance, we cluster lidar data and then classify obstacles into two categories: static and moving objects. Future collisions are assessed by computation of local tracks of moving obstacles using extended Kalman filter, maximum likelihood estimation to fuse distributed local tracks into global tracks, and finally, computation of future collision distribution from the global tracks. Our experimental results show that our approach is efficient for road situation evaluation and prediction
Magnesium transport in Salmonella typhimurium. Regulation of mgtA and mgtB expression. (1991)

Salmonella typhimurium contains three distinct transport systems (CorA, MgtA, and MgtB) that move Mg2+ across the cytoplasmic membrane. Mutant strains containing only one of these three systems have been constructed and used to study each system in isolation. Characterization of these systems has been hampered, however, by the need to use 28Mg2+, a relatively unavailable, extremely expensive, and short lived radioisotope. This paper reports that 63Ni2+ is transported into the cell by all three of the S typhimurium Mg2+ transport systems. In a strain deficient in all three systems, uptake of 63Ni2+ was undetectable under the conditions used. Comparison of 63Ni2+ uptake kinetics and inhibition of 63Ni2+ transport by other divalent cations suggest that Ni2+ can be used as an analog of Mg2+ in the study of these three transport systems. Using 63Ni2+ to measure uptake, the effect of Mg2+ levels in the growth medium on transport by each system was tested. Transport by the CorA system was unaffected by changes in the amount of Mg2+ in the growth medium. In contrast, uptake via MgtA and MgtB was significantly increased in cells grown in 10 microM extracellular Mg2+ compared to cells grown in 10 mM Mg2+. The increases in uptake were the result of increases in Vmax without change in Km. This result suggests that, in low Mg2+ medium, cells contained higher levels of the transporters. Production of beta-galactosidase from mgtA::lacZ and mgtB::lacZ but not corA::lacZ fusions was also increased when cells were grown in low extracellular concentrations of Mg2+ indicating that the regulation occurs at the level of transcription. Expression of beta-galactosidase was also inhibited by the addition of other divalent cations including Ca2+ and Mn2+. Regulation of transcription from the mgtA and mgtB promoters was similar over the range of extracellular Mg2+ concentrations from 10 microM to 10 mM. At 1 microM, however, transcription from the mgtB promoter, as measured by beta-galactosidase levels in a mgtB::lacZ transcriptional fusion strain, was increased over 800-fold, and Ca2+ could no longer inhibit transcription effectively. In contrast, growth at 1 microM extracellular Mg2+ increased transcription from the mgtA promoter only about 30-fold and Ca2+ could still inhibit this increase. These results suggest that at least two distinct mechanisms are responsible for regulation of the mgtA and mgtB transcription in response to extracellular cation concentration.
Greedy perceptual coding (2006)

This paper discusses an approach to quantization for lossy compression, termed greedy perceptual coding, in which the quantizer uses a perceptual model to determine the amount by which a work of media can be distorted, and then greedily tries to find the distortion that minimizes the number of bits that will be output by a subsequent lossless coder. The chief advantage of this approach is that the decoder does not need to know any distortion parameters used during compression, such as quantization step sizes or perceptual model parameters. As a result, the perceptual model can be arbitrarily complex. Since greedy perceptual coding changes the distribution of image values to be encoded, the best lossless codes for undistorted images are not the best to use in this context. A method is presented here for designing simple codes to use in the greedy-perceptual-coding context, and a preliminary compression system is implemented using these ideas
2-D resistivity inversion using spline parameterization and simulated annealing (1996)

Abstract Successful inversion of geophysical data depends on prior information, proper choice of inversion scheme, and on effective parameterization of the model space such that the model representation is appropriate and efficient. Inversion of resistivity data has long been recognized as a nonlinear or quasi-linear problem. Traditionally, 2-D resistivity inversion has been performed by trial and error methods and with linear and iterative linear methods. The linear and iterative linear methods are limited because of the requirement of good prior knowledge of the subsurface. Unlike linear and iterative linear methods, most nonlinear inversion schemes do not depend strongly on the starting solution, but prior information helps to reduce the computational cost and to obtain geologically meaningful results. In the present study, we have applied a nonlinear optimization scheme called very fast simulated annealing (VFSA) in the inversion of 2-D dipole-dipole resistivity data to image the subsurface. Unlike Metropolis simulated annealing (SA) in which each new model is drawn from a uniform distribution, VFSA draws a model from a Cauchy-like distribution, which is also a function of a control parameter called temperature. The advantage of using such a scheme is that at high temperatures, the algorithm allows for searches far beyond the current position, while at low temperatures, it looks for improvement in the close vicinity of the current model. We have used the mean square error between the synthetics and original data as the error function to be minimized. The synthetic response for 2-D models was obtained by finite-difference modeling, and cubic splines were used to parameterize the model space to get smooth images of the subsurface and to reduce computational cost. VFSA was used to estimate the conductivity at each spline node location. The inversion was applied to various synthetic data to study the influence of the starting solution and the location of the spline nodes. Finally, we applied it to real data collected over a disseminated sulfide zone at Safford, Arizona, and compared the results with those obtained from a linearized inversion and from a model based on geologic and well-log data. The VFSA results are in good agreement with the previously published results.