gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microcalorimetric studies on the total metabolic activity of fat cells. (1985)

We have applied microcalorimetry to the study of total cellular metabolic activity by direct registration of heat production from small samples of isolated fat cells. The cellular heat production is rapidly influenced by addition of hormones and substrates in vitro; e.g. glucose and insulin increases heat production two- to three-fold. The perirenal fat had the highest heat production. Fat cell thermogenesis decreases with age (and increasing mean fat cell size) of the rat. Obese patients had low heat production measured in gluteal adipocytes; the cellular thermogenesis increased, but did not fully normalize, on weight reduction. In combination with measurements of substrate and metabolite concentrations, microcalorimetry allows a detailed quantitative assessment of energy metabolism in the cell, which makes it a powerful tool for the study of adipose tissue metabolism under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Properties of Black Pepper Essential Oil (<i>Piper nigrum</i>Linn) (2014)

AbstractAbstract: This study is aimed to investigate the chemical composition of essential oil isolated from fruits of Piper nigrum L. (black pepper) by GC-MS and to study its pharmacological properties. The main constituents identified were caryophyllene (23.98 %) and limonene (14.36 %). Black pepper oil scavenged superoxide, DPPH, hydroxyl radicals and inhibited tissue lipid peroxidation in vitro. Intraperitoneal administration of essential oil was found to inhibit PMA induced super oxide radicals elicited by macrophages. Oral administration of black pepper oil for one month, significantly increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione reductase enzyme levels in blood of mice and glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione enzymes in liver. Black pepper oil significantly reduced acute inflammation induced by carrageenan and dextran and formalin induced chronic models of inflammation. It also exhibited antinociceptive property in acetic acid induced writhing test. These studies reveal that black pepper essential oil possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive property.Key words: Antioxidant activityAnti-inflammatoryAntinociceptiveEssential oilGC/MSPiper nigrum L
Localization of Nonpancreatic Secretory Phospholipase A <sub>2</sub> in Normal and Atherosclerotic Arteries (1997)

Secretory nonpancreatic type II phospholipase A2 (snpPLA2) hydrolyzes fatty acids at the sn-2 position in phospholipids releasing free fatty acids (FFAs) and lysophospholipids. These products may act as intracellular second messengers or can be further metabolized into proinflammatory lipid mediators. The presence of snpPLA2 in extracellular fluids and serum during inflammation has suggested a role of the enzyme in this process. However, the presence of snpPLA2 in a variety of normal tissues suggests that snpPLA2 may also have physiological functions. Atherosclerosis appears to have an inflammatory component. Here we report on the snpPLA2 localization in normal and atherosclerotic lesions and on the properties of the isolated enzyme. A strong snpPLA2 immunoreactivity was observed in the arterial media that was colocalized with alpha-actin-positive vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in both normal and atherosclerotic vessels. In aortic atherosclerotic lesions, snpPLA2 was observed colocalized with CD68-positive macrophages and HHF-35-positive SMCs and extracellularly in the lipid core. snpPLA2 was isolated from human normal arteries and from aorta with lesions. The enzyme was isolated by acid extraction of normal arterial tissues followed by immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified snpPLA2 had an expected molecular weight of 14 kD by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and appeared as a single band in immunoblotting. The enzymatic activity was followed by measuring release of fatty acids from phospholipid liposomes or LDL as substrates. The enzymatic activity was inhibited with two specific inhibitors for human snpPLA2: (1) monoclonal antibody 187 and (2) LY311727, a synthetic selective inhibitor. The mRNA for snpPLA2 was detected with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. These results indicate that snpPLA2 is present in human arteries and that it is able to hydrolyze phospholipids in LDL. The results support the hypothesis that snpPLA2 can release proinflammatory lipids at places of LDL deposition in the arterial wall.
Cross-resistance between cisplatin, antimony potassium tartrate, and arsenite in human tumor cells. (1995)

Cross-resistance between cisplatin (DDP) and metalloid salts in human cells was sought on the basis that mechanisms that mediate metalloid salt cross-resistance in prokaryotes are evolutionarily conserved. Two ovarian and two head and neck carcinoma cell lines selected for DDP resistance were found to be cross-resistant to antimony potassium tartrate, which contains trivalent antimony. The DDP-resistant variant 2008/A was also cross-resistant to arsenite but not to stibogluconate, which contains pentavalent antimony. A variant selected for resistance to antimony potassium tartrate was cross-resistant to DDP and arsenite. Resistance to antimony potassium tartrate and arsenite was of a similar magnitude (3-7-fold), whereas the level of resistance to DDP was greater (17-fold), irrespective of whether the cells were selected by exposure to DDP or to antimony potassium tartrate. In the resistant sublines, uptake of [3H]-dichloro(ethylenediamine) platinum(II) was reduced to 41-52% of control, and a similar deficit was observed in the accumulation of arsenite. We conclude that DDP, antimony potassium tartrate, and arsenite all share a common mechanism of resistance in human cells and that this is due in part to an accumulation defect.
Self‐Assembled DNA Nanoclews for the Efficient Delivery of CRISPR–Cas9 for Genome Editing (2015)

Abstract CRISPR–Cas9 represents a promising platform for genome editing, yet means for its safe and efficient delivery remain to be fully realized. A novel vehicle that simultaneously delivers the Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA) is based on DNA nanoclews, yarn‐like DNA nanoparticles that are synthesized by rolling circle amplification. The biologically inspired vehicles were efficiently loaded with Cas9/sgRNA complexes and delivered the complexes to the nuclei of human cells, thus enabling targeted gene disruption while maintaining cell viability. Editing was most efficient when the DNA nanoclew sequence and the sgRNA guide sequence were partially complementary, offering a design rule for enhancing delivery. Overall, this strategy provides a versatile method that could be adapted for delivering other DNA‐binding proteins or functional nucleic acids.
Evolution of the Classical Functional Integration Towards a 3D Heterogeneous Functional Integration (2007)

This paper presents a brief overview of the monolithic integration in the field of power electronics. Emphasis is mainly put on the functional integration concept. The role that this mode of integration, according to its classical definition, played to enable the monolithic integration of the power device with auxiliary elements (mainly protections and supply) for the realization of new functions dedicated for medium power applications is highlighted. At that end, some of the recent realizations are described in order to showcase some of the potentialities of this mode of integration. Furthermore, to extend further the classical integration towards a 3D "heterogeneous" functional integration, an example that highlights the improvements that should be achieved at the device's level as well as at the device's environment level, for the development of new power integrated functions for AC applications, is discussed. The last part deals with the technology process evolution for the realization of the active devices as well as the passive elements. In this part, a flexible technological process and its importance in the development of more complex functions, implemented in 3D within the silicon die volume and at the surface, is described in more detail.
An edge-based text region extraction algorithm for indoor mobile robot navigation (2006)

Scene text is an important feature to be extracted, especially in vision-based mobile robot navigation as many potential landmarks such as nameplates and information signs contain text. This paper proposes an edge-based text region extraction algorithm, which is robust with respect to font sizes, styles, color/intensity, orientations, effects of illumination, reflections, shadows, perspective distortion, and the complexity of image backgrounds. Performance of the proposed algorithm is compared against a number of widely used text localization algorithms and the results show that this method can quickly and effectively localize and extract text regions from real scenes and can be used in mobile robot navigation under an indoor environment to detect text based landmarks.
Investigations on Manufacturability and Process Reliability of Selective Laser Melting (2013)

Selective laser melting is a layer-wise manufacturing process that enables the use of complex geometric shapes in part design and production. An infrared laser beam is focused on a thin layer of metallic powder and selectively deflected in order to scan the cross-section of the parts being built. The process quality is dominated by the consolidation of powder particles through laser beam interaction, the part geometry itself and the arrangement of multiple parts. In this paper, the manufacturability is investigated by characterizing single melt tracks and the buildup of thin wall structures consisting of a few aligned scan tracks.
Global optimization of bimetallic cluster structures. I. Size-mismatched Ag–Cu, Ag–Ni, and Au–Cu systems (2005)

A genetic algorithm approach is applied to the optimization of the potential energy of a wide range of binary metallic nanoclusters, Ag-Cu, Ag-Ni, Au-Cu, Ag-Pd, Ag-Au, and Pd-Pt, modeled by a semiempirical potential. The aim of this work is to single out the driving forces that make different structural motifs the most favorable at different sizes and chemical compositions. Paper I is devoted to the analysis of size-mismatched systems, namely, Ag-Cu, Ag-Ni, and Au-Cu clusters. In Ag-Cu and Ag-Ni clusters, the large size mismatch and the tendency of Ag to segregate at the surface of Cu and Ni lead to the location of core-shell polyicosahedral minimum structures. Particularly stable polyicosahedral clusters are located at size N = 34 (at the composition with 27 Ag atoms) and N = 38 (at the composition with 32 and 30 Ag atoms). In Ag-Ni clusters, Ag32Ni13 is also shown to be a good energetic configuration. For Au-Cu clusters, these core-shell polyicosahedra are less common, because size mismatch is not reinforced by a strong tendency to segregation of Au at the surface of Cu, and Au atoms are not well accommodated upon the strained polyicosahedral surface.
Aggregation and Chain Dynamics in Supramolecular Polymers by Dynamic Rheology: Cluster Formation and Self-Aggregation (2010)

Supramolecular polyisobutylenes (PIB) bearing mono- and bifunctional chain ends with hydrogen-bonding units were prepared, and their association behavior in the melt state was investigated by dynamic rheology and compared to aggregation in solution, aiming at determining association dynamics in the solid state. A preparation combining living cationic polymerization with either azide/alkyne “click” reactions or nucleophilic substitution reactions enabled a full end group transformation to the final PIB polymers, modified with either thymine or 2,6-diaminotriazine end groups as proven by NMR and MALDI methods with molecular weights of ∼3500 and ∼10 000 g/mol. Stoichiometric mixtures of these polymers bearing specifically interacting thymine/triazine moieties were prepared by solution blending and the temperature-dependent dynamics investigated by rheological measurements. At temperatures of 20−60 °C all samples display strongly thermoreversible aggregation with sheet-type or partially cross-linked structures, which deaggregate at temperatures of ∼80 °C. More complex aggregates with bridged micellar structure were formed from the respective bifunctional PIB’s bearing thymine and 2,6-diaminotriazine moieties. Thus, in addition to specific linear aggregates, the formation of clusters and aggregates of different architecture has to be taken into account to understand and control structure and mechanical properties of supramolecular chains in the melt.
THE RESTORATION (1945)

THE RESTORATION Get access BEATRICE WHITE BEATRICE WHITE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Year's Work in English Studies, Volume XXIV, Issue 1, 1945, Pages 160–169, https://doi.org/10.1093/ywes/XXIV.1.160 Published: 01 September 1945
Localization of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 DNA Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Cervix Uteri of Women with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (1989)

The localization of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) DNA throughout the cervix uteri of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was studied by utilizing the polymerase chain reaction technique directly on histologically defined sections of paraffin-embedded cervical tissue obtained by conizations. HPV-16 DNA was detected only in the sections that contained CIN lesions and/or koilocytes. No HPV-16 DNA was detected in sections that contained only normal epithelium. This is in accordance with HPV-16 playing a role in the development of CIN lesions.
[Expression of ATM protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines with different radiosensitivity]. (2003)

The expression levels of ATM protein differ in CNE1 and CNE2. The variance may be a potential factor, which links with their different radiosensitivity.
Selective-repeat-ARQ schemes for broadcast links (1992)

The authors propose retransmission error control schemes for broadcast channels. In their selective-repeat-ARQ (automatic repeat request) method, they incorporate some aspects of implementation that they believe were ignored by all the previous work. Based on this protocol, they also propose a type-2 hybrid ARQ scheme that uses parity retransmission. They apply the dynamic programming optimization technique of Wang and Silvester (1987), with some modification, to their schemes. Analysis shows that their schemes outperform all the existing schemes. As special cases of their proposed schemes, the authors can obtain point-to-point ARQ schemes which also outperform all the existing point-to-point schemes. Thus, their schemes extend the useful range of retransmission error control schemes for these channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
WaaA of the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Aquifex aeolicus Is a Monofunctional 3-Deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic Acid Transferase Involved in Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis (2009)

The hyperthermophile Aquifex aeolicus belongs to the deepest branch in the bacterial genealogy. Although it has long been recognized that this unique Gram-negative bacterium carries genes for different steps of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) formation, data on the LPS itself or detailed knowledge of the LPS pathway beyond the first committed steps of lipid A and 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) synthesis are still lacking. We now report the functional characterization of the thermostable Kdo transferase WaaA from A. aeolicus and provide evidence that the enzyme is monofunctional. Compositional analysis and mass spectrometry of purified A. aeolicus LPS, showing the incorporation of a single Kdo residue as an integral component of the LPS, implicated a monofunctional Kdo transferase in LPS biosynthesis of A. aeolicus. Further, heterologous expression of the A. aeolicus waaA gene in a newly constructed Escherichia coli DeltawaaA suppressor strain resulted in synthesis of lipid IVA precursors substituted with one Kdo sugar. When highly purified WaaA of A. aeolicus was subjected to in vitro assays using mass spectrometry for detection of the reaction products, the enzyme was found to catalyze the transfer of only a single Kdo residue from CMP-Kdo to differently modified lipid A acceptors. The Kdo transferase was capable of utilizing a broad spectrum of acceptor substrates, whereas surface plasmon resonance studies indicated a high selectivity for the donor substrate.
The Induction of Gene Mutations and Micronuclei by Oxiranes and Siloranes in Mammalian Cells <i>in vitro</i> (2004)

Oxiranes and siloranes are candidate molecules for the development of composite materials with low shrinkage. Since some of these molecules are highly reactive, they could lead to adverse biological effects from underlying genetic mechanisms. Therefore, we analyzed the formation of micronuclei (chromosomal aberrations) and the induction of gene mutations (HPRT assay) in mammalian cells. The numbers of micronuclei induced by the oxirane di(cyclohexene-epoxidemethyl)ether (Eth-Ep) at low concentrations (10 micro M) were about five-fold higher than controls. The related compound epoxy cyclohexyl methyl-epoxy cyclo-hexane carboxylate (Est-Ep) was less effective. The activity of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (BADGE) was even lower but similar to the most reactive silorane, di-3,4-epoxy cyclohexylmethyl-dimethyl-silane (DiMe-Sil). No induction of micronuclei was detected in the presence of a rat liver homogenate (S9). Est-Ep and Eth-Ep also induced gene mutations. Our analyses indicated low mutagenic potentials of siloranes; however, some oxiranes induced strong effects at two genetic endpoints.
Photophysical Properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> Surfaces Modified with Dinuclear RuRu and RuOs Polypyridyl Complexes (2001)

The photophysical properties of nanoporous TiO(2) surfaces modified with two new Ru(II)-(bpt)-Ru(II) and Ru(II)-(bpt)-Os(II) polypyridyl complexes are reported. These dyads have been prepared by a two-step synthetic pathway. In the first step, [Ru(dcbpy)(2)Cl(2)], where dcbpy is 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2-bipyridyl, was reacted with the bridging ligand 3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole (Hbpt) to yield the mononuclear precursor Na(3)[Ru(dcbpy)(2)(bpt)].3H(2)O. Subsequent reaction of this compound with either [Ru(bpy)(2)Cl(2)] or [Os(bpy)(2)Cl(2)] yields the Ru(II)-Ru(II) and Ru(II)-Os(II) dyads. Electrochemical data, together with time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and the investigation of the incident-photon-to-current-efficiency (IPCE), have been used to obtain a detailed picture of the photoinduced charge injection properties of these dyads. These measurements indicate that for the heterosupramolecular triad based on Ru(II)-(bpt)-Ru(II), the final product species obtained upon charge injection is TiO(2)(e)-Ru(II)Ru(III). For the mixed metal Ru(II)-(bpt)-Os(II) dyad, both metal centers inject efficiently into the semiconductor surface and as a result TiO(2)(e)-Ru(II)Os(III) is obtained as a single charge-separated product.
Limitations of standard coliform enumeration techniques (1981)

Recent studies suggest that the detection of coliforms in potable water supplies by the standard fermentation tube and membrane filter techniques is seriously flawed. An alternative method for routine water analysis that uses currently available media, incubation times, and temperatures as well as a familiar technique appears to achieve superior coliform recovery.
Study of Au/Au<sup>3+</sup>-TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalysts toward Visible Photooxidation for Water and Wastewater Treatment (2001)

With an attempt to extend light absorption of TiO2-based photocatalyst toward the visible light range and eliminate the rapid recombination of excited electrons/holes during photoreaction, a new type of photocatalysts (Au/Au(3+)-TiO2) powder was prepared by a photoreduction/sol-gel process. The crystal phase composition, surface structure, and light absorption of the new photocatalysts were comprehensively examined by X-ray differential detection (XRD), UV-visible absorption spectra, X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The photooxidation efficiencies of the photocatalysts were also evaluated in the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions under visible light irradiation from a high-pressure sodium lamp (lambda > 400 nm). The results of PL analyses in this study indicated that the gold/gold ion-doping on the surface of TiO2 could eliminate the electron/holes recombination and also increase the light absorption in the visible range. The analytical results of UV-visible diffuse reflection spectra (DRS) and optical absorption spectra indicated that a new energy level below 3.2 eV generated in the Au/Au(3+)-TiO2 promoted the optical absorption in the visible region and made it possible to be excited by visible light (E < 3.2 eV). The experiment demonstrated that the photooxidation efficiency of MB using the Au/Au(3+)-TiO2 powder were significantly higher than that using conventional TiO2 powder and an optimum molar content of gold doping/deposition in the TiO2 was 0.5%. The development of such photocatalysts may be considered a breakthrough in large-scale utilization of solar energy to address environmental needs.
Integrated silicon photonic circuit: monolithic 8-channel modulator, tap, vertical coupler, and flip-chip mounted photodetector array (2006)

This paper describes a silicon photonic circuit of eight fiber-optic input ports, each port leads through an electro-photonic modulator to a 0.95/0.05 coupler, where the 95% signal is guided to a fiber-optic output port and the 5% signal is terminated by a vertical coupler and a down-looking photodetector. Applications include telecommunication equipment requiring microsecond speed for rapid power balancing, transient suppression, and subcarrier modulation for channel tracking and system health monitoring. Circuit elements and initial measurements are described.
Transcription Stimulates Homologous Recombination in Mammalian Cells (1990)

Transcription stimulates homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has been implicated in the control of recombinational events during the development of mammalian immune systems. Here, we describe a plasmid-based system in which an inducible promoter from the mouse mammary tumor virus is located upstream of heteroallelic neomycin genes carried on two plasmids. Pairs of plasmids are introduced into Chinese hamster ovary cells by electroporation, and recombination is monitored by scoring colonies resistant to the aminoglycoside G418. When transcription is induced with dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone, and double-strand breaks are introduced at mutation sites, recombination is stimulated sixfold over noninduced levels. Inducing transcription in circular substrates or in substrates cleaved at sites distant from the mutations has no detectable effect on recombination between neomycin genes. Results are presented that are consistent with the observed stimulation of recombination occurring before plasmids integrate into the cellular DNA. Our results are discussed in relation to molecular models for extrachromosomal recombination in mammalian cells.
Inorganic arrays via multicomponent self-assembly: the spontaneous generation of ladder architectures (1996)

Paul. N. W. Baxter, G. S. Hanan and J. Lehn, Chem. Commun., 1996, 2019 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960002019