gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complete NMR data of methoxylated <i>cis</i>‐ and <i>trans</i>‐stilbenes as well as 1,2‐diphenylethanes (2011)

Resveratrol is a polyphenol isolated from many natural sources including grapes, mulberries, eucalyptus, spruce, lilies, and peanuts. The hydroxyl groups in polyphenols can be substituted with various functional groups, allowing production of multiple derivatives. NMR spectroscopy is used to identify new derivatives. Since the complete NMR data of the known derivatives can be useful for identification of the newly isolated derivatives, here, we report the synthesis of 14 methoxylated stilbenes and four 1,2-diphenylethanes and their NMR data.
Ultimate limit for defect generation in ultra-thin silicon dioxide (1997)

Experimental and theoretical investigations are reported for defect generation by electrical stress in silicon dioxide and for the critical number of defects necessary to trigger destructive breakdown. Experimental evidence is presented showing that the critical number of defects reaches a limit when the oxide thickness is reduced below 2.7 nm. Percolation calculations are shown to be consistent with this oxide thickness limit representing the “effective size” of one defect spanning the oxide, connecting anode and cathode together. Also, these calculations show that not all of the defects are capable of triggering a destructive breakdown event.
Personalizing head related transfer functions for earables (2021)

Head related transfer functions (HRTF) describe how sound signals bounce, scatter, and diffract when they arrive at the head, and travel towards the ears. HRTFs produce distinct sound patterns that ultimately help the brain infer the spatial properties of the sound, such as its direction of arrival, 𝜃. If an earphone can learn the HRTF, it could apply the HRTF to any sound and make that sound appear directional to the user. For instance, a directional voice guide could help a tourist navigate a new city. While past works have estimated human HRTFs, an important gap lies in personalization. Today's HRTFs are global templates that are used in all products; since human HRTFs are unique, a global HRTF only offers a coarse-grained experience. This paper shows that by moving a smartphone around the head, combined with mobile acoustic communications between the phone and the earbuds, it is possible to estimate a user's personal HRTF. Our personalization system, UNIQ, combines techniques from channel estimation, motion tracking, and signal processing, with a focus on modeling signal diffraction on the curvature of the face. The results are promising and could open new doors into the rapidly growing space of immersive AR/VR, earables, smart hearing aids, etc.
Results of phase I/II clinical trials with ezetimibe, a novel selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor (2001)

Phase I/II studies in patients with hypercholesterolaemia have explored the safety and efficacy of ezetimibe mono-therapy and co-administration with a statin. In an 8-week dose-ranging study, daily doses of 1–40 mg of ezetimibe reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in a fairly flat dose-dependent manner. A second dose-ranging study confirmed that optimal efficacy, of 19% reduction in LDL-C level at 12 weeks, was achieved with the 10-mg dose. A dose-regimen, or dose-scheduling, study of morning versus evening dosing produced similar reductions of LDL-C levels, showing that timing of dosing does not affect treatment response. Pooled efficacy results from these two monotherapy studies confirmed that ezetimibe 10 mg.day−1 significantly (⁠ \(P{<}0{\cdot}05\) ⁠) reduced LDL-C levels by approximately 18%; ezetimibe also reduced triglyceride levels by approximately 5% and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by approximately 3·5%. An additional study of 10 mg of ezetimibe co-administered with 10 mg of simvastatian showed that ezetimibe does not affect the pharmacokinetics of the statin and provides a 17% additive reduction in LDL-C levels compared with simvastatin monotherapy. Other studies with ezetimibe indicate minimal potential for drug interactions. Ongoing phase III trials are expected to confirm that ezetimibe, alone or in combination with a statin and as an adjunct to diet, provides consistent and predictable reductions in LDL-C level of 18%, with no new or worsened statin-related side-effects.
MODERN ATOMIZING TECHNIQUES (1972)

Reduced iron, copper-base, and refractory metal powders have dominated the raw-material field during the rapid growth of the PM industry in the last 30 years. Emphasis has been on the economic mass production of structural parts, rather than on properties. New material concepts have brought about the need for new and improved powders possessing enhanced properties and performance reliability, i.e. atomized powders. Modern atomizing techniques and parameters are reviewed in terms of their economics and influence on powder properties, chemistry, ultimate structural control, property reliability, and alloy and process flexibility, especially with materials difficult to fabricate.
EFFECT OF CONJUGATE PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE FOLLOWED BY POLYSACCHARIDE PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE ON RECURRENT ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA: A RANDOMIZED STUDY (2004)

Veenhoven R, Bogaert D, Uiterwaal C, et al. Lancet. 2003;361:2189–2195To determine whether pneumococcal conjugate vaccine can prevent acute otitis media (AOM) among older children who have experienced previous episodes of AOM.A total of 383 children (1–7 years of age) with ≥2 episodes of AOM in the year before study entry were studied.Children recruited from a Netherlands general hospital and tertiary care hospital were randomized to receive either 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide or hepatitis A or B vaccines, in a double-blind trial. The randomization was stratified into 4 groups according to age (12–24 months versus 25–84 months) and the number of prior AOM episodes (from parental reports, with physician confirmation) (2 or 3 episodes vs ≥4 episodes). All children were monitored, via parental diaries and clinical examinations, for 18 months for the recurrence of AOM. Cultures of middle ear fluid and nasopharyngeal swabs were performed to assess the association of pneumococcal serotypes with AOM after vaccination.Of the 383 children enrolled, 190 received pneumococcal vaccinations and 193 received control hepatitis vaccinations. A total of 474 episodes of AOM were diagnosed during the follow-up period after the final vaccination, with 275 recorded for 107 of the 186 children in the pneumococcal vaccine group (58%) and 200 recorded for 101 of 181 control subjects (56%). There was no decrease in AOM in the pneumococcal vaccine group, compared with the control group. Data from parental diaries indicated no differences between the pneumococcal vaccine group and the control group with respect to AOM symptom duration, symptom frequency, or use of treatment. Serial nasopharyngeal swabs obtained before and after vaccination in the pneumococcal vaccine group demonstrated a decrease in the conjugated vaccine serotypes but no overall decrease in the nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus, compared with the control group.There was no reduction in AOM episodes in the pneumococcal vaccine group, compared with the control group. Overall, there was no decrease in the carriage of pneumococcus.Importantly, pneumococcal vaccination decreases the proliferation of conjugate vaccine serotypes and thus decreases nasopharyngeal carriage of the most frequent pneumococcal serotypes until children are older and immunologically more mature. Furthermore, the risk of older children developing recurrent AOM seems independent of receiving the pneumococcal vaccination. This study supports our current clinical practice of early childhood pneumococcal vaccination, without catch-up immunization of older children who might not have received the vaccine previously.
Self-Calibrating Head-Mounted Eye Trackers Using Egocentric Visual Saliency (2015)

Head-mounted eye tracking has significant potential for gaze-based applications such as life logging, mental health monitoring, or the quantified self. A neglected challenge for the long-term recordings required by these applications is that drift in the initial person-specific eye tracker calibration, for example caused by physical activity, can severely impact gaze estimation accuracy and thus system performance and user experience. We first analyse calibration drift on a new dataset of natural gaze data recorded using synchronised video-based and Electrooculography-based eye trackers of 20 users performing everyday activities in a mobile setting. Based on this analysis we present a method to automatically self-calibrate head-mounted eye trackers based on a computational model of bottom-up visual saliency. Through evaluations on the dataset we show that our method 1) is effective in reducing calibration drift in calibrated eye trackers and 2) given sufficient data, can achieve gaze estimation accuracy competitive with that of a calibrated eye tracker, without any manual calibration.
Review on: Severity estimation unit of automotive accident (2015)

In the last decades, there have been remarkable growth in the total number of vehicles around the world, and results in increase in traffic accidents rate. Several approaches have found in existing road safety vehicular system through the use of telecommunication technologies but, most of them is for improving traffic safety and focused on vehicle to vehicle communication. In this framework, an advanced communication technology is supported by intelligent Artificial Neural Network (ANN) system and fuzzy system in order to mine the specific features of data sets. Hence it provides accurate notification and severity estimation of the accident for better assistance in traffic accidents. This system reduce the response time to give alert about accident and hence will improve the overall rescue process after an accident takes place. It's an intelligent robust, cost effective system which is able to detect road accidents, notify them, and estimate their severity.
CFU-GM content of bone marrow graft correlates with time to hematologic reconstitution following autologous bone marrow transplantation with 4- hydroperoxycyclophosphamide-purged bone marrow (1987)

Autologous bone marrow transplants (BMTs) can repopulate the hematologic system of patients treated with marrow-ablative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. However, treatment of the bone marrow graft to eliminate residual tumor cells prior to reinfusion can delay the return of peripheral blood elements, presumably from damage to or loss of hematopoietic stem cells responsible for hematologic recovery. To develop a model predictive of hematologic recovery, we studied the progenitor cell contents of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (100 micrograms/mL)-purged bone marrow grafts of 40 consecutive patients undergoing autologous BMT at this center. Granulocyte-macrophage colonies (CFU-GM) were grown from all grafts after treatment with this chemotherapeutic agent, but erythroid (BFU-E) and mixed (CFU-GEMM) colonies were grown from only 44% and 33% of the grafts respectively. The recovery of CFU-GM after purging ranged from 0.07% to 23%. The logarithm of CFU-GM content of the treated grafts was linearly correlated with the time to recovery of peripheral blood leukocytes (r = -0.80), neutrophils (r = -0.79), reticulocytes (r = -0.60), and platelets (r = -0.66). The CFU-GM content of purged autologous bone marrow grafts may reflect the hematopoietic stem cell content of the grafts and thus predict the rate of hematologic recovery in patients undergoing autologous BMT.
Covalent immobilization of β‐galactosidase onto electrospun nanofibers of poly (AN‐<i>co‐</i>MMA) copolymer (2012)

Abstract Immobilization of β‐galactosidase in poly (acrylonitrile‐ co ‐methyl methacrylate) poly (AN‐ co ‐MMA) Nanofibers was studied by electrospinning, and a spacer‐arm i.e., (Polyethyleneimine (PEI)) was covalently attached by the reaction of carbonyl groups of Poly (AN‐ co‐ MMA) nanofibers. β‐galactosidase was then covalently immobilized through the spacer‐arm of the Poly (AN‐ co‐ MMA) nanofibers by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a coupling agent. Nanofibers mode of interaction was proven by FTIR and thermal gravimetric analysis and supported by morphological changes recognized through SEM examination. Factors affecting the modification process such as PEI concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature have been studied. Its influence on the amount of coupled PEI was consequently correlated to the changes of the catalytic activity and the retained activity of immobilized enzyme, the main parameters judging the success of the immobilization process. Evidences of Poly (AN‐ co‐ MMA) nanofibers modification were extracted from morphological changes recognized through SEM examination. The maximum activity ( V max ) and michaelis constant ( K m ) of immobilized enzyme were found to be 8.8 μmole/min mg protein and 236.7 m M , respectively. Stabilities of the immobilized β‐galactosidase were obviously improved. The optimum temperature for β‐galactosidase immobilized on the spacer‐arm attached nanofiber was 5°C higher than that of the free enzyme and was also significantly broader. The immobilized β‐galactosidase had better resistance to temperature inactivation than did the free form. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Inflammation as the primary aetiological agent of human prostate cancer: A stem cell connection? (2008)

Inflammation has been implicated for some time as a potential aetiological agent in human prostate cancer. Viral and bacterial infections or even chemical carcinogens such as those found in cooked meat have been proposed as the inflammatory stimuli, but the mechanism of cancer induction is unknown. Recent information about gene expression patterns in normal and malignant epithelial stem cells from human prostate provides a new hypothesis for inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. The hypothesis states that in the stem cells located in the basal cell compartment of the prostate, activated prostate epithelial stem cells acquire a survival advantage, by expressing one of more of the same cytokines such as IL6. The establishment of one or more autocrine signalling loops results in an expansion of these cells in the absence of inflammation, as a potential first stage in the development of the tumour.
Universal wiring and Interconnection approach for fiber-optic local area networks (1984)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text V. Bhatt and J. R. Jones, "Universal wiring and Interconnection approach for fiber-optic local area networks," in Optical Fiber Communication, 1984 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1984), paper TuN19. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Valproic acid and immune thrombocytopenia. (1982)

During the course of a prospective serial study over a period of one year, findings compatible with immune-mediated thrombocytolysis accompanied the administration of valproic acid in about half of 45 children with epilepsy. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 15 and neutropenia in 12 patients, but was transient and self-limiting in each. The association is probably one of cause and effect, and it may reflect the structural similarity between valproic acid and constituents of cell membranes.
Endothelin-1-induced Prostaglandin E2-EP2, EP4 Signaling Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production and Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Invasion (2004)

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1- and COX-2-derived prostaglandins are implicated in the development and progression of several malignancies. We have recently demonstrated that treatment of ovarian carcinoma cells with endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces expression of both COX-1 and COX-2, which contributes to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. In this study, we show that in HEY and OVCA 433 ovarian carcinoma cells, ET-1, through the binding with ETA receptor (ETAR), induces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, as the more represented PG types, and increases the expression of PGE2 receptor type 2 (EP2) and type 4 (EP4). The use of pharmacological EP agonists and antagonists indicates that ET-1 and PGE2 stimulate VEGF production principally through EP2 and EP4 receptors. At the mechanistic level, we prove that the induction of PGE2 and VEGF by ET-1 involves Src-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. Finally, we demonstrate that ETAR-mediated activation of PGE2-dependent signaling participates in the regulation of the invasive behavior of ovarian carcinoma cells by activating tumor-associated matrix metalloproteinase. These results implicate EP2 and EP4 receptors in the induction of VEGF expression and cell invasiveness by ET-1 and provide a mechanism by which ETAR/ET-1 can promote and interact with PGE2-dependent machinery to amplify its proangiogenic and invasive phenotype in ovarian carcinoma cells. Pharmacological blockade of ETAR can therefore represent an additional strategy to control PGE2 signaling, which has been associated with ovarian carcinoma progression.
Assessment of thermal effects of interstitial laser phototherapy on mammary tumors using proton resonance frequency method (2011)

Laser immunotherapy (LIT) uses a synergistic approach to treat cancer systemically through local laser irradiation and immunological stimulation. Currently, LIT utilizes dye-assisted noninvasive laser irradiation to achieve selective photothermal interaction. However, LIT faces difficulties treating deeper tumors or tumors with heavily pigmented overlying skin. To circumvent these barriers, we use interstitial laser irradiation to induce the desired photothermal effects. The purpose of this study is to analyze the thermal effects of interstitial irradiation using proton resonance frequency (PRF). An 805-nm near-infrared laser with an interstitial cylindrical diffuser was used to treat rat mammary tumors. Different power settings (1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 W) were applied with an irradiation duration of 10 min. The temperature distributions of the treated tumors were measured by a 7 T magnetic resonance imager using PRF. We found that temperature distributions in tissue depended on both laser power and time settings, and that variance in tissue composition has a major influence in temperature elevation. The temperature elevations measured during interstitial laser irradiation by PRF and thermocouple were consistent, with some variations due to tissue composition and the positioning of the thermocouple's needle probes. Our results indicated that, for a tissue irradiation of 10 min, the elevation of rat tumor temperature ranged from 8 to 11°C for 1 W and 8 to 15°C for 1.5 W. This is the first time a 7 T magnetic resonance imager has been used to monitor interstitial laser irradiation via PRF. Our work provides a basic understanding of the photothermal interaction needed to control the thermal damage inside a tumor using interstitial laser treatment. Our work may lead to an optimal protocol for future cancer treatment using interstitial phototherapy in conjunction with immunotherapy.
The Metalloprotease ADAMTS13 Is a Natural Anti-Thrombotic. (2005)

Abstract The metalloprotease ADAMTS13 cleaves highly adhesive ultra large von Willebrand factor (UL-VWF) multimers after their release from the endothelium. UL-VWF is stored in Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells. ADAMTS13 deficiency is linked to a life threatening disorder, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), which is characterized by VWF and platelet-rich thrombi in the microvasculature, and may lead to organ ischemia, neurological dysfunction and ultimately death. We previously confirmed in vivo that in Adamts13−/− mice and not in wild-type mice “strings of platelets” formed after endothelial activation. The VWF strings remain attached at one end to the endothelium and “waved” the other end in the blood stream. In addition, we showed prolonged adhesion of platelets to secreted VWF on endothelium of Adamts13−/− mice. The possible role of ADAMTS13 in platelet plug formation has not been addressed previously. We investigated thrombosis in venules and arterioles of Adamts13−/− mice by intravital microscopy. Mesenteric microvenules were stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, a secretagouge of Weibel-Palade bodies. In the Adamts13−/− mice we observed spontaneous thrombus formation in the activated microvenules. Inhibitory antibody to plasma ADAMTS13 induced thrombi formation in the activated microvenules and prolonged adhesion of platelets to secreted VWF on endothelium of wild-type mice. In the ferric chloride arterial injury model we found that the number of fluorescent platelets deposited within 2–3 min on the sub-endothelium after injury was unexpectedly higher in Adamts13−/− mice as compared to Adamts13+/+ mice (P&lt;0.05). In the Adamts13−/− mice, platelet plug grew faster as thrombi &gt;30 um were seen at 6.6±0.9 min compared to 10.8±0.8 min in the Adamts13+/+ mice (P&lt;0.005). The platelet plug reached occlusive size in 10.6±0.7 min in Adamts13−/− mice, whereas in the Adamts13+/+ mice all the vessels were still open at this time. In the Adamts13+/+, the mean vessel occlusion time was 16.7±1.2 min after injury (P&lt;0.0005). Thus ADAMTS13, by cleaving VWF multimers, down regulates both platelet adhesion to exposed subendothelium and thrombus growth. Furthermore, we observed that recombinant human ADAMTS13 inhibited formation of VWF platelet strings in histamine-activated venules and promoted thrombi dissolution in the Adamts13−/− mice. Our findings reveal that ADAMTS13 has natural anti-thrombotic activity and recombinant ADAMTS13 could be used as an anti-thrombotic agent.
GWAS to Therapy by Genome Edits? (2013)

Genetic and epigenetic studies of gene variants reveal a potential genomic target for treating hemoglobin disorders. [Also see Report by Bauer et al. ]
Detecting facial expressions from face images using a genetic algorithm (1996)

A new method to detect deformations of facial parts from a face image regardless of changes in the position and orientation of a face using the genetic algorithm is proposed. Facial expression parameters that are used to deform and position a 3D face model are assigned to the genes of an individual in a population. The face model is deformed and positioned according to the gene values of each individual and is observed by a virtual camera, and a face image is synthesized. The fitness which evaluates to what extent the real and synthesized face images are similar to each other is calculated. After this process is repeated for sufficient generations, the parameter estimation is obtained from the genes of the individual with the best fitness. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Prospective comparison of peritoneoscopic and surgical implantation of CAPD catheters. (1992)

Prospectively collected data were analyzed comparing surgically and peritoneoscopically placed peritoneal dialysis catheters in 88 patients. Peritoneoscopically placed catheters were found to survive longer than surgically placed ones. Rates of exit site infection and pericatheter leaks were found to be similar with both techniques.