gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor activity of N1,N11-bis(ethyl)norspermine against human melanoma xenografts and possible biochemical correlates of drug action. (1993)

In in vitro systems, the spermine analogue, N1,N11-bis(ethyl)norspermine (BENSPM), suppresses the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, respectively), greatly induces the polyamine catabolic enzyme, spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT), depletes polyamine pools, and inhibits cell growth. Against MALME-3 M human melanoma xenografts, BENSPM and related homologues demonstrate potent antitumor activity that has been found to correlate positively with their ability to induce SSAT activity in vitro. Herein, we further evaluate the antitumor activity of BENSPM and at the same time characterize the biochemical effects of BENSPM treatment on polyamine metabolism of selected normal and tumor tissues. At 40 mg/kg 3 times/day for 6 days i.p., BENSPM suppressed growth of MALME-3 M human melanoma xenografts during treatment and for 65 days afterwards. Similar antitumor activity was obtained with 120 mg/kg once daily for 6 days and 40 mg/kg once daily for 6 days, indicating that against this tumor model, the dosing schedule can be relaxed up to sixfold without compromising antitumor activity. When MALME-3 M tumor-bearing mice were retreated with BENSPM 2 weeks after the first treatment at 40 mg/kg 3 times/day for 6 days, initial tumor volumes of 85 mm3 were reduced to < 10 mm3. Analysis of melanoma, liver, and kidney tissues from mice treated with 40 mg/kg 3 times/day for 6 days revealed relatively similar accumulations of BENSPM in all tissues at levels greater than the original total content of polyamine pools. By 2 weeks following treatment, BENSPM pools in normal tissues were almost gone, whereas in tumor tissues significant amounts (40%) were still retained. The biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, gave no indication of enzyme suppression (or increase) by the analogue as typically occurs in vitro. By contrast, SSAT was induced from an average of < 50 pmol/min/mg in control tissues to 320 pmol/min/mg in liver, 1255 pmol/min/mg in kidney, and 13,710 pmol/min/mg in MALME-3M tumor. Two weeks later, SSAT activity was still 12 times higher in tumor than in kidney. Polyamine pools (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) were reduced after treatment in all tissues and approached near-total depletion in the tumor. Good antitumor activity and even more potent induction of SSAT (i.e., 26,680 pmol/min/mg) was also observed in PANUT-3 human melanoma xenografts. Overall, the findings reveal meaningful antitumor activity by BENSPM against 2 human melanoma xenografts and provide in vivo evidence consistent with SSAT-induced polyamine depletion playing a determining role in at least the initial phase of the antitumor response.
Interleukin-7 Inhibits Tumor-Induced CD27−CD28− Suppressor T Cells: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy (2011)

These observations confirm the role for Bcl-2 family members in cytokine signaling and suggest that IL-7 treatment in combination with other immunotherapies could lead to new clinical strategies to maintain normal T-cell function and reduce tumor-induced generation of dysfunctional and suppressor T cells.
Immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy to activate anti‐tumour <scp>T</scp>‐cell immunity (2013)

The tumour microenvironment plays a dual role in cancer: it can promote tumour progression by establishing pro-tumour survival conditions but can also suppress tumour progression by killing cancer cells or inhibiting their outgrowth. These dynamically interconnected processes are under intense investigation to better understand cancer pathophysiology and allow identification of new therapeutic approaches. The ability of cancer cells to evade anti-tumour T-cell activity in the microenvironment has recently been accepted as a hallmark of cancer progression. This review will highlight the most promising therapeutic approach aimed at activating anti-tumour T-cell immunity in the cancer microenvironment: blocking inhibitory immune regulatory proteins (immune checkpoint ligands and receptors). There is emerging evidence that haematological tumours co-opt immune checkpoints as a major immune resistance mechanism. Pre-clinical findings indicate that targeted therapies and blockade of immune checkpoints could be combined to promote therapeutic synergy and long-term anti-tumour immunity to improve clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
Uptake of amino acids by the parasitic, flagellated protist Trichomonas vaginalis (1995)

HPLC techniques have been applied to study amino acid uptake and release by Trichomonas vaginalis under a variety of conditions. Studies on the growth of T. vaginalis in complex media and the survival of the parasite in simple media, with and without amino acids and/or maltose, have shown that the growth or survival of T. vaginalis is better in the presence of maltose than when it is absent, and that greater amounts of amino acids are consumed by T. vaginalis in the absence of maltose. The results are consistent with several amino acids, notably arginine, threonine, leucine and methionine, being used by T. vaginalis as energy substrates. T. vaginalis released alanine and glycine into the culture media, the excretion being greater in the presence of maltose. These studies have provided new data on the uptake and release of amino acids by T. vaginalis and pave the way for detailed analysis of key enzymes and the regulation of the pathways involved.
Accelerated Growth Rate and Increased Drought Stress Resilience of the Model Grass Brachypodium distachyon Colonized by Bacillus subtilis B26 (2015)

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGB) induce positive effects in plants, for instance, increased growth and reduced abiotic stresses susceptibility. The mechanisms by which these bacteria impact the host plant are numerous, diverse and often specific. Here, we studied the agronomical, molecular and biochemical effects of the endophytic PGB Bacillus subtilis B26 on the full life cycle of Brachypodium distachyon Bd21, an established model species for functional genomics in cereal crops and temperate grasses. Inoculation of Brachypodium with B. subtilis strain B26 increased root and shoot weights, accelerated growth rate and seed yield as compared to control plants. B. subtilis strain B26 efficiently colonized the plant and was recovered from roots, stems and blades as well as seeds of Brachypodium, indicating that the bacterium is able to migrate, spread systemically inside the plant, establish itself in the aerial plant tissues and organs, and is vertically transmitted to seeds. The presence of B. subtilis strain B26 in the seed led to systemic colonization of the next generation of Brachypodium plants. Inoculated Brachypodium seedlings and mature plants exposed to acute and chronic drought stress minimized the phenotypic effect of drought compared to plants not harbouring the bacterium. Protection from the inhibitory effects of drought by the bacterium was linked to upregulation of the drought-response genes, DREB2B-like, DHN3-like and LEA-14-A-like and modulation of the DNA methylation genes, MET1B-like, CMT3-like and DRM2-like, that regulate the process. Additionally, total soluble sugars and starch contents increased in stressed inoculated plants, a biochemical indication of drought tolerance. In conclusion, we show a single inoculation of Brachypodium with a PGB affected the whole growth cycle of the plant, accelerating its growth rates, shortening its vegetative period, and alleviating drought stress effects. These effects are relevant to grasses and cereal crops.
Anisotropic etching of polycrystalline silicon with a hot Cl2 molecular beam (1988)

A hot Cl2 molecular (Cl*2) beam was successfully applied to achieve highly anisotropic, highly selective, and almost damage-free etching of polycrystalline Si. The anisotropy, the ratio of etch rates in vertical and horizontal directions, was larger than 25. The selectivity, the ratio of polycrystalline Si and SiO2 etch rates, was larger than 1000. The Cl*2 beam was produced by free jet expansion of a Cl2 gas heated in a graphite furnace. The furnace temperature was 830 °C. The substrate temperature was 180 °C. The average total energy (0.38 eV) of a Cl*2 molecule impinging on a substrate surface is much lower than the critical energy (approximately 10 eV) to displace the atoms of the etched material and to cause surface damage. This is the essential reason why this highly selective and almost damage-free etching has been achieved. The highly anisotropic etching mechanism is explained by a model taking into account the directional incidence of Cl*2 molecules to the surface, and the deactivation process of the Cl*2 molecules on a cold surface.
Identity driven capability based access control (ICAC) scheme for the Internet of Things (2012)

Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming integral and mandatory part of everyday life. Scalability and manageability is intimidating due to unbounded number of devices and services. Access control and authorization in IoT with least privilege is important to establish secure communication between multiple devices and services. In this paper, the concept of capability for access control is introduced where the identities of the involved devices are entrenched in the access capabilities. Identity driven capability based access control (ICAC) scheme presented in this paper helps to alleviate issues related to the complexity and dynamics of device identities. ICAC is implemented for Wi-Fi and results shows that ICAC is scalable and performs better compared to other access control schemes. The ICAC evaluation by using security protocol verification tool shows that ICAC is secure against man-in-the-middle attack, especially eavesdropping and replay attacks.
The major carotenoid pigment of a psychrotrophic Micrococcus roseus strain: purification, structure, and interaction with synthetic membranes (1991)

The major carotenoid pigment of a psychrotrophic Micrococcus roseus strain was purified to homogeneity from methanol extracts of dried cells by reverse-phase liquid chromatography and was designated P-3. On the basis of the UV-visible, infrared, mass, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of P-3, it was identified as bisdehydro-beta-carotene-2-carboxylic acid. The pigment interacted with synthetic membranes of phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and stabilized the membranes. These results also indicate that P-3 is different from canthaxanthin, the major carotenoid pigment from a mesophilic M. roseus strain.
Inductances of a Practical Slip-Ring Primitive I - An Analytical Study (1966)

Complete inductance expressions for the windings of practical slip-ring machines are derived in terms of air-gap magnetomotive force and air-gap specific permeance. These expressions are presented in a form which facilitates verification by experiment. Deviations between the inductances of the practical and the idealized slip-ring primitive machines are-noted for a variety of winding configurations. It is shown that the existence of a nonzero third harmonic of magnetomotive force plays a significant role in the form of the cylindrical-salient and cylindrical-cylindrical inductance expressions, especially with regard to similarities between the two. Moreover, it is demonstrated that, for conditions which result in zero third-harmonic magnetomotive force in the air gap, the inductance quantities just mentioned revert to a form which, for practical machines, is consistent with that of an ideal generalized machine.
The Casimir effect: a force from nothing (2002)

WHAT happens if you take two mirrors and arrange them so that they are facing each other in empty space? Your first reaction might be "nothing at all". In fact, both mirrors are mutually attracted to each other by the simple presence of the vacuum. This startling phenomenon was first predicted in 1948 by the Dutch theoretical physicist Hendrik Casimir while he was working at Philips Research Laboratories in Eindhoven on – of all things – colloidal solutions (see box on page 30). The phenomenon is now dubbed the Casimir effect, while the force between the mirrors is known as the Casimir force.
Efficient Synthesis of Derivatives of Tributylstannylmethanol (1983)

Abstract Procedures for the synthesis of chloro- and iodo-methyltributyltin and tributylstannylmethyl methanesulfonate from tributyltin hydride are described.
Community and school-based interventions to prevent obesity in children and adolescents. (2009)

Public health initiatives in community and school settings are complementary to clinical medicine and are necessary in times of health crisis, such as the current epidemic of obesity. In addition to providing health care for individuals, physicians need to regard their community as their patient and participate in multidisciplinary, collaborative efforts to turn the tide of obesity in children and adolescents.
Single zinc-doped indium oxide nanowire as driving transistor for organic light-emitting diode (2008)

Zn-doped In2O3 nanowires (NWs) were prepared by simple chemical vapor deposition and were systematically characterized. Field-effect transistors (FETs) constructed from the Zn-doped In2O3 nanowires exhibit excellent performance characteristics such as high mobility, “high-on-state” current of 105A and large on/off current ratio of 107. Single-NW-FETs can successfully drive an organic light-emitting diode, revealing the application potential of Zn-doped In2O3 NW-FETs in high-performance displays.
Compact Modeling and Simulation of Circuit Reliability for 65-nm CMOS Technology (2007)

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and channel hot carrier (CHC) are the leading reliability concerns for nanoscale transistors. The de facto modeling method to analyze CHC is based on substrate current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sub</sub> , which becomes increasingly problematic with technology scaling as various leakage components dominate I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sub</sub> . In this paper, we present a unified approach that directly predicts the change of key transistor parameters under various process and design conditions for both NBTI and CHC effects. Using the general reaction-diffusion model and the concept of surface potential, the proposed method continuously captures the performance degradation across subthreshold and strong inversion regions. Models are comprehensively verified with an industrial 65-nm technology. By benchmarking the prediction of circuit performance degradation with the measured ring oscillator data and simulations of an amplifier, we demonstrate that the proposed method very well predicts the degradation. For 65-nm technology, NBTI is the dominant reliability concern, and the impact of CHC on circuit performance is relatively small.
Direccion de evaluacion de impacto ambiental (2007)

This environmental assessment for the Mexico - Transport Corridors, presents recommendations for mitigating impacts during construction of the corridor. Recommendations include: selection of construction yards for storage of materials and transportation equipment; avoid dust propagation caused by earth removal and smoke generated by trucks; use of noise control techniques on noisy equipment, such as the use of machinery equipped with appropriate mufflers; proper handling of demolition debris in accordance existing regulations of the Government of Mexico City; affected land and vegetation will be restored to its original conditions; temporary work camps are to provide facilities for garbage and sanitary waste management; and spray with water using pressurized water jets to control dust, specially during dry or windy weather. A manual and training on environmental good practices will be offered to construction, administrative personnel, administrators of materials, and subcontracting staff.
A Mild, One‐Pot Stadler–Ziegler Synthesis of Arylsulfides Facilitated by Photoredox Catalysis in Batch and Continuous‐Flow (2013)

Visible advance: A mild, one-pot Stadler-Ziegler process for C-S bond formation has been developed. The method employs the photoredox catalyst [Ru(bpy)3Cl2]⋅6 H2O irradiated with visible light. A variety of aryl-alkyl and diaryl sulfides were prepared from readily available arylamines and aryl/alkylthiols in good yields. The use of a photo microreactor led to a significant improvement with respect to safety and efficiency.
<p>Transcranial Photobiomodulation For The Management Of Depression: Current Perspectives</p> (2019)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent condition associated with high rates of disability, as well as suicidal ideation and behavior. Current treatments for MDD have significant limitations in efficacy and side effect burden. FDA-approved devices for MDD are burdensome (due to repeated in-office procedures) and are most suitable for severely ill subjects. There is a critical need for device-based treatments in MDD that are efficacious, well-tolerated, and easy to use. In this paper, we review a novel neuromodulation strategy, transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) with near-infrared light (NIR). The scope of our review includes the known biological mechanisms of t-PBM, as well as its efficacy in animal models of depression and in patients with MDD. Theoretically, t-PBM penetrates into the cerebral cortex, stimulating the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and also significantly increases cerebral blood flow. Animal and human studies, using a variety of t-PBM settings and experimental models, suggest that t-PBM may have significant efficacy and good tolerability in MDD. In aggregate, these data support the need for large confirmatory studies for t-PBM as a novel, likely safe, and easy-to-administer antidepressant treatment.
An experimental trial of recombinant human interferon alpha nasal drops to prevent COVID-19 in medical staff in an epidemic area (2020)

Abstract Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human interferon alpha (rhIFN-α) nasal drops in healthy medical staff to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A prospective, open-label study was conducted in January 21, 2020at Taihe Hospital in Shiyan City, Hubei Province. Totally, 2944 medical staff members were recruited and allocated into low-risk group or high-risk group according to whether they were directly exposed to COVID-19 patients. Participants in the low-risk group received rhIFN-α nasal drops (2–3 drops/nostril/time, 4 times/day) for 28 days with first-level protection; those in the high-risk group received identical rhIFN-α nasal drops combined with thymosin-α1 (1.6 mg, hypodermic injection, once a week) along with secondary-level or third-level protection. The primary outcome was new-onset COVID-19 over 28 days. The secondary outcome was new-onset fever or respiratory symptoms but with negative pulmonary images. The results were compared with new-onset COVID-19 in medical staff in Hubei Province (including Wuhan) during the same period. Adverse reactions to interferon nasal drops were also observed. Results Among the 2944 subjects in our study, 2415 were included in the low-risk group, including 997 doctors and 1418 nurses with average ages of 37.38 and 33.56 years, respectively; 529 were included in the high-risk group, including 122 doctors and 407 nurses with average ages of 35.24 and 32.16 years, respectively. The 28-day incidence of COVID-19 was zero in both the high and low-risk groups. The 28-day incidence of new-onset clinical symptoms with negative images for pneumonia was also zero in both the high and low-risk groups. As control, a total of 2035 medical personnel with confirmed COVID-19 from the same area (Hubei Province) was observed between January 21 to February 23, 2020. No serious adverse events were observed in our trial during the intervention period. Conclusion In this investigator-initiated open-label study, we observed that rhIFN-α nasal drops may effectively prevent COVID-19 in medical staff, as an enhancement protection on the basis of standard physical isolation. Our results also indicate that rhIFN-α nasal drops have potential promise for protecting susceptible healthy people during the coronavirus pandemic.
Isokinetic strength training in below-knee amputees (2020)

Eight below-knee amputees performed isokinetic training of knee extensor- and knee-flexor muscles for a period of 8-12 weeks at angular velocities of 60 degrees/s, 180 degrees/s and 240 degrees/s. Before and after training isokinetic and isometric knee extensor/flexor strength was measured. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis and the cross-sectional area of the thigh muscles was measured with computerized tomography. Peak torque of the amputated leg increased significantly in all knee-extension tests and in knee-flexion at 180 degrees/s, and in the non-amputated leg in extension at 180 degrees/s, 240 degrees/s and for isometric strength at 60 degrees knee angle. Knee-flexion strength increased at 240 degrees/s. The cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers increased in the amputated leg in all patients except one. There was no significant increase in the non-amputated leg which also was trained. The quotient between the cross-sectional areas of type II and type I fibers increased from 1.04 to 1.20 in the amputated leg, demonstrating an increase specially in the type II fibers. There was no difference in the non-amputated leg. The cross-sectional area of the thigh muscles did not show any significant change in either leg. The patients estimated their ability to walk after training to more than double the distance compared to before training. They could also manage better without walking aids. The increase in strength and the synchronous increase in the size of type II (fast twitch) fibers indicate that the training model has activated also these motor units which probably have not been given as much training earlier.
Implementation of an improved reconfigurable SOVA/log-MAP turbo decoder in 3GPP (2002)

SOVA (soft-output Viterbi algorithm) and log-MAP turbo decoding algorithms share common operations, making feasible a reconfigurable SOVA/log-MAP turbo decoder for reduced power consumption. We show that the improved reconfigurable SOVA/log-MAP turbo decoder is suitable for implementation in 3GPP systems. Simulations of turbo coding and decoding have been done using the parameters of 3GPP with AWGN and uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels, and an outer block interleaver-deinterleaver. We concentrate on the dedicated transport channel (DCH) and use a pipeline turbo decoder architecture with 8 decoding iterations. We examine two typical bit rates, and for each we consider four different service classes (as possible service examples) using suitable turbo interleaver lengths. Considering the BER and latency constraints for SOVA and log-MAP, it is shown that there is an optimum decoding algorithm for each possible implementation scenario.
Intra-vector SIMD instructions for core specialization (2009)

Current research is mainly focussing on exploiting TLP to increase performance. Another avenue, however, for achieving performance scalability is specialization. In this paper we propose application specific intra-vector instructions for two dimensional signal processing kernels. In such kernels usually significant data rearrangement overhead is required in order to use the SIMD capabilities. When using the intra-vector instructions the overhead can be avoided. We have implemented intra-vector instructions in the Cell SPU core and measured speedups of up to 2.06, with an average of 1.45.