gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An improved filtering algorithm based on median filtering algorithm and medium filtering algorithm (2012)

This paper propose an improved image filtering algorithm which is based on median filteringing algorithm and medium filteringing algorithm according to the simpleness of median filteringing algorithm and the significant denoising effect of medium filteringing algorithm. The new algorithm combines the two algorithms and thus gets a better filtering effect. We did the simulation using MATLAB, and then did the objective evaluation using the classical method PSNR. Simulation results showed that the new algorithm has a better denoising effect than the medium filteringing algorithm and reduces the denoising time as well. Thus the improved algorithm has a better practicalility.
Dispersion Compensation of up to 25,200ps/nm Using IIR Filtering (2008)

Digital infinite impulse response filtering is used to compensate for 25,200ps/nm of chromatic dispersion at 10G Baud accumulated in a recirculating loop.
[The evaluation of gastrointestinal tolerance for a new infant feeding formula (Similac) in healthy infants]. (2000)

There is a pediatric consensus that maternal milk is the best food for the new born, but when this is impossible, one turns to artificial nutrition. The main objective of infant formulae is to achieve a gastrointestinal tolerance that is similar to maternal milk. With this in mind, we carried out an observational, prospective, and multicentric study with the objective of evaluating the gastrointestinal tolerance of Similac, taking maternal milk and other formulae on the market as reference. The study included 2 pediatric visits, a diary in which the parents recorded the gastrointestinal parameters, and a final questionnaire to evaluate the degree of satisfaction. Information was obtained from 6,617 evaluable cases, 82.2% fed with Similac (S), 8.8% with maternal milk (MM) and 9% with other formulae (OF). The analysis of the data showed that the percentage of children with signs of gastrointestinal intolerance, was reduced to more than half when using S compared to OF (5.6% S, 5% LM, and 14.1% OF). The color and consistency of the feces was significantly associated with the formula group, and in both cases S showed a greater similarity to the pattern obtained with MM compared to the OF group. 18.6% of the children with OF presented hard feces, and this percentage was reduced to at least half with S (6.2%). The S group showed a greater percentage of lack of regurgitations and no aerophagia and the lowest percentage for three or more regurgitations and severe aerophagia. Those questioned considered that S was easier to reconstitute up, is liked better, and is better tolerated than the OF used. Similac achieved a greater similarity in gastrointestinal tolerance to that of maternal milk than other formulae did.
Medial physeal stapling for primary and secondary genu valgum in late childhood and adolescence (1995)

We report the results of medial physeal stapling in 16 knees with primary genu valgum and 27 with secondary genu valgum. In the primary group, stapling was undertaken at a mean chronological age of 12 years in girls and 13 years in boys. The medial femoral physis was stapled in ten knees and the medial femoral and tibial physes in six knees. At skeletal maturity, all patients had excellent or good leg alignment. Secondary genu valgum is due to skeletal dysplasia, haematological or endocrine disorders, or to juvenile chronic arthritis. Stapling was at a mean chronological age of 11 years in girls and 14 years in boys. The medial femoral physis was stapled in 13 knees, the medial tibial physis in three and both in 11 knees. At skeletal maturity, 85% had excellent or good leg alignment, and correction had occurred within one year. Two of the poor results were due to staple extrusion from osteoporotic bone, and two to overcorrection. Rebound growth was minimal and unpredictable after the removal of staples. Medial physeal stapling is a suitable method of treatment for both primary and secondary genu valgum in late childhood and in adolescence. At least one year of knee growth is required to achieve correction, and care is needed to avoid overcorrection of the secondary genu valgum.
Highly Sensitive Vibrational Imaging by Femtosecond Pulse Stimulated Raman Loss (2011)

Nonlinear vibrational imaging of live cells and organisms is demonstrated by detecting femtosecond pulse stimulated Raman loss. Femtosecond pulse excitation produced a 12 times larger stimulated Raman loss signal than picosecond pulse excitation. The large signal allowed real-time imaging of the conversion of deuterated palmitic acid into lipid droplets inside live cells, and three-dimensional sectioning of fat storage in live C. elegans. With the majority of the excitation power contributed by the Stokes beam in the 1.0 to 1.2 μm wavelength range, photodamage of biological samples was not observed.
Correction: Frequent Long-Range Epigenetic Silencing of Protocadherin Gene Clusters on Chromosome 5q31 in Wilms' Tumor (2009)

Wilms' tumour (WT) is a pediatric tumor of the kidney that arises via failure of the fetal developmental program. The absence of identifiable mutations in the majority of WTs suggests the frequent involvement of epigenetic aberrations in WT. We therefore conducted a genome-wide analysis of promoter hypermethylation in WTs and identified hypermethylation at chromosome 5q31 spanning 800 kilobases (kb) and more than 50 genes. The methylated genes all belong to a-, b-, and cprotocadherin (PCDH) gene clusters (Human Genome Organization nomenclature PCDHA@, PCDHB@, and PCDHG@, respectively). This demonstrates that long-range epigenetic silencing (LRES) occurs in developmental tumors as well as in adult tumors. Bisulfite polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that PCDH hypermethylation is a frequent event found in all Wilms' tumor subtypes. Hypermethylation is concordant with reduced PCDH expression in tumors. WT precursor lesions showed no PCDH hypermethylation, suggesting that de novo PCDH hypermethylation occurs during malignant progression. Discrete boundaries of the PCDH domain are delimited by abrupt changes in histone modifications; unmethylated genes flanking the LRES are associated with permissive marks which are absent from methylated genes within the domain. Silenced genes are marked with non-permissive histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation. Expression analysis of embryonic murine kidney and differentiating rat metanephric mesenchymal cells demonstrates that Pcdh expression is developmentally regulated and that Pcdhg@ genes are expressed in blastemal cells. Importantly, we show that PCDHs negatively regulate canonical Wnt signalling, as short-interfering RNA-induced reduction of PCDHG@ encoded proteins leads to elevated bcatenin protein, increased b-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) reporter activity, and induction of Wnt target genes. Conversely, over-expression of PCDHs suppresses b-catenin/TCF-reporter activity and also inhibits colony formation and growth of cancer cells in soft agar. Thus PCDHs are candidate tumor suppressors that modulate regulatory pathways critical in development and disease, such as canonical Wnt signaling.
Preservation of High Moisture Barley Grains with Citral and Allyl Caproate and Preliminary Acceptability Tests with Piglets (1977)

(1977). Preservation of High Moisture Barley Grains with Citral and Allyl Caproate and Preliminary Acceptability Tests with Piglets. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 105-109.
Injection operation and operational pressure–temperature monitoring at the CO2 storage pilot site Ketzin, Germany—Design, results, recommendations (2013)

The Ketzin pilot site for geological storage of CO2 in the German Federal State of Brandenburg about 25 km west of Berlin is the only German CO2 storage site and has been the first European pilot site for on-shore storage of CO2 in saline aquifers. Continuous injection of CO2 started on June 30th, 2008, and a total of 61,396 t of CO2 have been injected by September 2012. The injected CO2 was predominantly food-grade with a purity > 99.9%, only from May to June 2011, 1515 t CO2 from the Schwarze Pumpe oxyfuel pilot plant with a purity of >99.7% have been injected. The injection is accompanied by a comprehensive operational monitoring program. The program includes continuous measurements of flow rate, fill levels of intermediate storage tanks 1 and 2, outlet pressure and temperature for the injection plant, wellhead pressures (WHP) and casing pressures 1 and 2 for all wells, bottom hole pressure (BHP), bottom hole temperature (BHT) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) along the injection tubing for the injection well Ktzi 201, BHP for the two observation wells Ktzi 202 (from March 2010 to October 2011) and Ktzi 200 (since October 2011), and above-zone pressure monitoring in shallow observation well P300. This operational pressure–temperature monitoring successfully ensured and proved a safe, smooth and reliable injection operation. A vital part of the operational P–T data comes from the downhole P–T measurements, which are recommended for any CO2 storage site. Without this downhole information, it would not have been possible to provide the complete picture of CO2 injection. The recommended downhole installation design of P–T tools distinguishes CO2 storage from the operational engineering of underground storage of natural gas, where BHP monitoring can be done via WHP recording. The DTS safety monitoring along the injection tubing supported typical operational processes as conditioning of the CO2 and improvement of injection rate and injection temperature and will be beneficial to any CO2 storage project. The above-zone pressure monitoring gives no hints to any hydraulic connection or CO2 leakage through or failure of the cap rock.
Discrete-time average-consensus under switching network topologies (2006)

This paper develops a distributed algorithm for average-consensus in a discrete-time framework based on a formal matrix limit definition of average-consensus. Using this algorithm, the average-consensus problem is solved under switching network topologies provided that the network switch between instantaneously balanced, connected-over-time networks. In other words, if at each instant the network is balanced and the union of graphs over every interval T is connected, then average-consensus can be achieved. An interesting product of this analysis is the notion of "deadbeat" consensus where a system of agents achieves consensus (average or otherwise) in finite time rather than asymptotically
Inhibition of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase by analogues of a synthetic peptide substrate. (1978)

Analogues of the synthetic substrate Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly in which the serine is replaced by other amino acids inhibited the activity of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from beef skeletal muscle (Peak I). All of the analogues were competitive with respect to peptide substrate but apparent Ki values varied depending on the particular amino acid that was substituted for serine. Inhibition was also competitive with respect to mixed histone as determined in experiments utilizing one of the analogues. Acetylation of the terminal amino group of Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly lowered the Km for this substrate from 16 micrometer to 3 micrometer, but a similar modification of the inhibitory analogue Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ala-Leu-Gly resulted in no major change in the Ki value. An amount of inhibitory peptide sufficient to inhibit the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase by 90% caused less than 10% inhibition of several cyclic AMP-independent protein kinases indicating a high degree of specificity of inhibition by the peptide analogues. The experiments show that synthetic peptide analogues could be useful in identifying phosphorylation reactions catalyzed by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase as distinguished from other protein kinase reactions.
The Effect of Cryotherapy on Intraarticular Temperature and Postoperative Care After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (1999)

The objective of this study was to elucidate how cryotherapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction affects intraarticular temperature and clinical results. A prospective and randomized study was performed on 21 knees of 21 patients. The ligament reconstruction was performed by single-incision arthroscopy using autogenous hamstring tendon. On completion of the surgery, thermosensors were implanted in the suprapatellar pouch and the intracondylar notch, and the intraarticular temperature was monitored while the joint was cooled. Cooling was performed in one group at 5 degrees C (N = 7) and in another at 10 degrees C (N = 7), for 48 hours. A control group (N = 7) did not undergo cryotherapy. The cooled groups showed three temperature phases: a low-temperature phase immediately after the ligament reconstruction, followed by a temperature-rising phase and a thermostatic phase. The control group had no low-temperature phase and immediately entered a thermostatic phase. During the low-temperature phase in the treated groups, the temperature of the suprapatellar pouch and of the intercondylar notch were significantly lower than the body temperature. The pain score and the number of times an analgesic had to be administered were both significantly lower in the 10 degrees C group than in the control group. Blood loss was significantly less in the 5 degrees C group than in the control group.
New empirical approach for the structure and energy of covalent systems (1988)

Empirical interatomic potentials permit the calculation of structural properties and energetics of complex systems. A new approach for constructing such potentials, by explicitly incorporating the dependence of bond order on local environment, permits an improved description of covalent materials. In particular, a new potential for silicon is presented, along with results of extensive tests which suggest that this potential provides a rather realistic description of silicon. The limitations of the potential are discussed in detail.
Über neue Reaktivfarbstoffe (1964)

Es wurden zwei neue Gruppen von Reaktivfarbstoffen entwickelt. Die eine Gruppe (Levafix®-Farbstoffe) umfaßt Verbindungen, die als Reaktivgruppen —SO2NHCH2CH2OSO3H oder CH2N(Alkyl)CH2CH2OSO3H enthalten. Die Farbstoffe dieser Gruppe reagieren mit der Cellulosefaser unter Bildung von Celluloseäthern, z. B. RSO2NHCH2CH2OCellulose. Bei der im zweiten Teil beschriebenen Gruppe (LevafixE®-Farbstoffe) handelt es sich um Carbonsäureamide aus 2.3-Dichlorchinoxalin-6-carbonsäure und Farbkörpern, die primäre oder sekundäre Aminogruppen enthalten.
Innovative approaches in the embryonic stem cell test (EST) (2011)

The embryonic stem cell test (EST) is a high-throughput in vitro screening assay for developmental toxicity free of animal use. The EST uses the ability of murine embryonic stem cells to differentiate into the mesodermal cardiac lineage in combination with two cytotoxicity test systems. Validation of the EST showed that the test system is very promising as an alternative method to animal testing, however to optimize predictability and increase knowledge on the applicability domain of the EST, improvements to the method were proposed and studied. In this review we discuss the first definition of the EST followed by the innovative approaches which have been proposed to increase the predictivity of the EST, including implementation of molecular endpoints in the EST, such as omics technologies and the addition of alternative differentiation models to the testing paradigm, such as neural and osteoblast differentiation and the use of human stem cells. These efforts to improve the EST increase the value of embryonic stem cells used as in vitro systems to predict developmental toxicity.
Infrared Absorption Spectra of Minerals and Other Inorganic Compounds (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared Absorption Spectra of Minerals and Other Inorganic CompoundsJ. M. Hunt, M. P. Wisherd, and L. C. BonhamCite this: Anal. Chem. 1950, 22, 12, 1478–1497Publication Date (Print):December 16, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 16 December 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60048a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60048a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2431Altmetric-Citations248LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and radioiodination of a stannyl oligodeoxyribonucleotide (1997)

Synthesis and radioiodination of a stannyl oligodeoxyribonucleotide were undertaken to evaluate a gamma ray emitting ODN ligand for thrombus imaging in vivo . Synthesis of the ODN was based on modified automatedbeta-cyanoethyl phosphoramidite chemistry with an organotin nucleoside (dU*) coupled to a thrombin binding aptamer sequence to give d(U*GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG). The synthesis accommodated dU*, which is destannylated by iodine or acids. Fourteen standard synthesis cycles were followed by one 'stannyl synthesis cycle', distinguished by Fmoc protection, omission of capping, oxidation by an organic peroxide and cleavage by ammonium hydroxide. The organotin nucleoside phosphoramidite {5'-[fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl]-5-(E)-[2-tri-n -butylstannylvinyl]-2'-deoxyuridine-3'-(2-cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropyl phosphoramidite)} was prepared from 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. A customized mild rapid workup included deprotection with methylamine, and reverse phase HPLC with CH3CN/triethylammonium bicarbonate. Pure stannyl ODN was highly retained by reverse phase HPLC. Radioiodination of stannyl ODN (100 microg) provided 123I-labeling yields up to 97%. Five alternative oxidants were effective. High specific activity [123I]- ODN (15 000 Ci/mmol) was recovered, separated from unlabeled isomers. Excellent reverse phase HPLC resolution of ODN isomers (alternatively I, Cl, H or Br in vinyl deoxyuridine) was essential. The affinity of the iodovinyl aptamer analog (Kd = 36 nM) for human alpha-thrombin was similar to the native aptamer (Kd = 45 nM).
Enhancement of adenovirus transformation by treatment of hamster embryo cells with diverse chemical carcinogens. (1974)

Primary hamster embryo cells were treated with various chemical carcinogens before, or after, inoculation with an oncogenic adenovirus, simian adenovirus 7. The viral transformation frequency was increased from 3- to 10-fold by treatment with methyl methanesulfonate, methylazoxy-methanol acetate, N -methyl- N′ -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine, and N -acetoxy-acetylaminofluorene; but no increase was demonstrated when cells were treated with N -nitrosodiethylamine, N -nitrosodimethylamine, or 2-acetylaminofluorene.

The frequency of viral transformation increased linearly with chemical concentration until a maximum level was reached; however, higher concentrations decreased the transformation frequency relative to that observed with lower doses.

It is suspected that the chemical carcinogens enhance viral transformation by interacting directly with the host cells, rendering them more susceptible to transformation by virus.
A 56-entry instruction reorder buffer (2002)

A speculative execution high-end PA-RISC CPU has two 28-entry out-of-order instruction reorder buffers (IRBs), one for alu/floating point operations and one for memory operations. The IRBs are capable of inserting any combination of four instructions per cycle. Each cycle, the IRBs launch up to four instructions for execution, two from the ALU IRB and two from the MEM IRB. Up to four instructions (two from each IRB) retire each cycle. The insert, launch and retire mechanisms of this out-of-order machine contain 850 k transistors in 52.6 mm/sup 2/.
HS-Nets: Estimating Human Body Shape from Silhouettes with Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

We represent human body shape estimation from binary silhouettes or shaded images as a regression problem, and describe a novel method to tackle it using CNNs. Utilizing a parametric body model, we train CNNs to learn a global mapping from the input to shape parameters used to reconstruct the shapes of people, in neutral poses, with the application of garment fitting in mind. This results in an accurate, robust and automatic system, orders of magnitude faster than methods we compare to, enabling interactive applications. In addition, we show how to combine silhouettes from two views to improve prediction over a single view. The method is extensively evaluated on thousands of synthetic shapes and real data and compared to state of-art approaches, clearly outperforming methods based on global fitting and strongly competing with more expensive local fitting based ones.
Chemical and physical treatment options to kill toxic dinoflagellate cysts in ships' ballast water (1993)

More than 5000 culture-produced resting cysts of the toxic marine dinoflagellate <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i> weresubjected to a wide range of chemical (chlorine, copper sulphate, hydrogen peroxide, pH, salinity and acommercial microbiocide) as well as physical (heat) treatments. Effective treatment to prevent germination ofdinoflagellate cysts in seawater samples could be achieved with high concentrations of free chlorine (500 ppm) orhydrogen peroxide (5000 ppm). However. the high costs involved and environmental as well as ship' s safetyconsiderations render these options impracticable as a routine treatment method for ships' ballast water (25 000to 100 000 t capacity). In contrast, the heating of ballast water (30-90 s at 40-45C) may provide an effective,environmentally friendly solution to the global problem of ballast water transport of unwanted marine organisms.
A novel sensorless brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive for automotive fuel pumps (2005)

This paper presents a novel back EMF detection method for sensorless BLDC motor drive systems. By this method, a true back EMF signal can be directly extracted for each phase without sensing the neutral point of the motor. The method proposed is not sensitive to switching noise and requires no filtering. Good motor performance is achieved over a wide speedxange as well. This novel sensing scheme is implemented into a hardware macro cell inside a mixed-signal microcontroller. The proposed microcontroller-based sensorless BLDC drive system has been successfully applied to automotive fuel pump applications, which require high reliability and intelligence at a low cost.
Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing (2011)

Offering indispensable insight from experts in the field, Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, Second Edition provides an introduction to the gas industry and the processes required to convert wellhead gas into valuable natural gas and hydrocarbon liquids products. The authors compile information from the literature, meeting proceedings, and the