gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Childhood and adolescent diabetes (1995)

Part 1: Glucose homeostasis in the normal foetus and infant, J. Hawdon and M. Ward-Platt Glucose homeostasis in the normal child, H. Stirling and C. Kelnar Glucose homeostasis in the adolescent, D. Dungar and J. Edge Normal childhood and pubertal growth and hormone maturation, C. Kelnar Endocrine evolution, growth and puberty in relation to diabetes, D. Dungar Developmental trends in coping in childhood and adolescence, D. Skuse Childhood and adolescent psychological development in relation to diabetes, B. Anderson. Part 2: The historical background, C. Kelnar Definitions and classification, D. Johnston Epidemiology, J. Dorman, L. O'Leary and A. Nucci Inheritance/Genetics, M. Connor Pancreatic/Islet Cellular Morphology, A. Foulis Pathogenesis, T. Mandrup-Poulsen, J. Nerup Biochemistry and Intermediate Metabolism, J. Gregory and R. Taylor. Part 3: Presentation, S. Brink Long term management - Scope of the problem and aims, J. Shield and D. Baum Insulin: types and regimens, P. Swift Dietary management, S. Brenchley and A. Gouindji Exercise, S. Greene Psychological management, A. LaGreca and J. Skyler Testing for control - home and hospital, M. Silink Hospital clinics, D. Johnston Hospital nursing care, R. Mitchell Perioperative management, R. Milaszkiewicz and G. Hall Hypoglycaemia - practical and clinical implications, A. Gold and B. Frier Managing the adolescent diabetic, S. Greene, R. Nanto Eating disorders, J. Steel Diabetes and other autoimmune disease, A. MacCuish Unusual diabetes and diabetes in the context of other disorders, J. Batch and G. Werther including a section on post pancreatectomy, S. Greene Neonatal diabetes (transient/permanent), H. Stirling and C. Kelnar Maternal diabetes and the foetus, D. Hepburn and J. Steele. Part 4: The family context, G. Ingersoll and M. Golden The school context, S. Strang Liaison nursing - the home care team, A. McEvilly Primary care and the community, E.A. Staveley, C. Wayne Camps for diabetic children and teenagers, C. Thompson, S. Greene and R. Newton Self-help in childhood diabetes, P. Swift, J. North and S. Redmond. Part 5: Prevention of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, P. Bingley and E. Gale Control and outcome: clinical and epidemiological aspects, D. Becker, T. Orchard and C. Lloyd Screening for complications in adolescence and beyond, B. Clarke Part 6 Prevention of Complications, R. Young New insulins, A. Kurtz New routes and means of insulin delivery, G. Danielsen, K. Drejer, L. Langkjaer & A Plum Biosensors and biofeedback systems, J. Pickup Islet transplantation, N.J.M. London, G.S.M. Robertson, D. Chadwick, R. James and J. Bell Current controversies in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Z. Laron. Appendix: The St Vincent Declaration.
High Throughput Corrosion Assessment of AA2024-T3 in the Presence of Corrosion Inhibitors (2006)

New corrosion inhibitors to replace chromate must be discovered and characterized via experimentation. One approach to accelerate the discovery and characterization process is through use of high throughput screening (HTS) methods. This paper presents three methods for rapid screening of potential corrosion inhibitors and identification of their synergistic combinations for aluminum alloy 2024-T3 (AA2024- T3). Methods examined include DC polarization, cyclic voltammetry characterization of surface copper enrichment, and fluorometric detection of Al+3. Tests were conducted on single and binary combinations of the following inhibitors: cerium chloride, yttrium chloride, sodium metatungstate, sodium metavanadate, lanthanum chloride, sodium molybdate, sodium metasilicate, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, and barium metaborate. Testing was performed at 3.4 mM total inhibitor concentration in 0.6M NaCl. Testing of the inhibitor combinations revealed both synergistic and antagonistic pairings. Mixtures of rare earth chlorides paired with sodium molybdate rivaled sodium chromate corrosion inhibition using all three HTS methods at pH 7.
Multiprocessor validation of the Pentium Pro (1996)

In the past, multiprocessor systems have taken a year longer than uniprocessor systems to introduce because of the need to develop and validate the additional functionality required for multiprocessor systems. Manufacturers, however, don't want to wait this long to release products using the latest multiprocessor systems. Our challenge in designing Intel's newest microprocessor, the Pentium Pro processor, was to eliminate the lag time. We wanted to accomplish this by introducing systems where the multiprocessor functionality was already an integral part of the main processor and the chipset. Specifically, we wanted to introduce the uniprocessor and the multiprocessor systems at the same time. We thus had to make sure even before first silicon that the multiprocessor system would work. In the past, multiprocessor system validation has generally taken place after first silicon, because the external logic has usually been developed after the processor functionality integrated into the processor and chipset. Intel developed an extensive test methodology for functional and performance validation.
A finite state/frame difference interpolative vector quantizer for low rate image sequence coding (2003)

A finite-state vector quantizer (VQ) suitable for both intraframe and interframe coding is presented. Interblock and interframe memory is expressed through a state variable driven by an improved classifier which keys on the intensity gradients of a block's neighbours and its own interframe motion. A bilinear interpolator reduces the energy of foreground residuals encoded by the quantization, improving edge rendition and limiting blocking artifacts. Background blocks are vector predictive coded using simple frame differencing and codebooks built with a gradient design algorithm. The codec at 0.4 bit/pixel outperforms a similar but non-finite-state intraframe VQ at 1.0 bit/pixel by 4 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Fallacy of ?Ad Ignorantiam? (1978)

This paper outlines a three-part analysis of the traditional informal fallacy of ad ignorantiam. As initially characterized, the fallacy consists in arguing that failure to prove falsity (truth) implies the truth (falsity) of a proposition. First, the fallacy is located within confirmation theory as a confusion between the categories of “lack of confirming evidence” and “presence of disconfirming evidence”. Second, the structure of the fallacy can be seen as an illicit negation shift in Hintikka-style epistemic logic. Third, the fallacy can be studied as an attempt to unfairly shift the burden of proof in a dialectical game. We suggest that research on ad ignorantiam needs a broadening of the scope of philosophical logic to encompass concepts of correct argument in these three contexts. Cet article propose une analyse en trois parties du sophisme informel traditionnel ad ignorantiam. Sous sa forme originale, celui-ci consiste à argumenter que l'absence de preuve de la fausseté (vérité) implique la vérité (fausseté) d'une proposition. Dans le cadre de la théorie de la confirmation, le sophisme apparaît comme une confusion entre les catégories absence de confirmation expérimentale et présence d'infirmation expérimentale. Dans le cadre d'une logique épistémique style Hintikka, la structure du sophisme peut être considérée comme un passage illicite à la négation. Dans un jeu dialectique, le sophisme peut être présenté comme une tentative déloyale pour rejeter sur l'autre la charge de la preuve. Nous pensons que cette recherche sur le sophisme ad ignorantiam exige un élargissement du domaine de la logique philosophique de manière à ce qu'elle puisse assurer une argumentation correcte dans ces trois contextes. Es wird eine dreiteilige Analyse des traditionellen Fehlschlusses ad ignorantiam vorgelegt. Wie eingangs gezeigt wird, besteht der Fehlschluss darin, dass vom Misslingen, die Falschheit eines Satzes zu beweisen, auf seine Wahrheit geschlossen wird. Erstens wird der Fehlschluss im Rahmen der Bewährungstehorie als Folge einer Verwechslung zwischen den beiden Kategorien des Mangels an Bewährungsinstanzenund des Vorhandenseins von Bewährungsinstanzendargestellt. Zweitens kann die Struktur des Fehlschlusses als eine unzulässige Negationsverschiebung im Sinne von Hintikkas epistemischer Logik betrachtet werden. Drittens kann der Fehlschluss als Versuch gedeutet werden, die Beweislast in einem dialektischen Spiel in unfairer Weise auf den Gegner abzuschieben. Es wird nahegelegt, dass die Erforschung dieses Problems eine Erweiterung des Bereichs der philosophischen Logik erfordert, so dass diese auch die Begriffe des korrekten Argumentierens in den drei genannten Kontexten enthàlt.
Graph analytics using vertica relational database (2015)

Graph analytics is becoming increasingly popular, with a number of new applications and systems developed in the past few years. In this paper, we study Vertica relational database as a platform for graph analytics. We show that vertex-centric graph analysis can be translated to SQL queries, typically involving table scans and joins, and that modern column-oriented databases are very well suited to running such queries. Furthermore, we show how developers can trade memory footprint for significantly reduced I/O costs in Vertica. We present an experimental evaluation of the Vertica relational database system on a variety of graph analytics, including iterative analysis, a combination of graph and relational analyses, and more complex 1-hop neighborhood graph analytics, showing that it is competitive to two popular vertex-centric graph analytics systems, namely Giraph and GraphLab.
Reversible Swarming and Separation of Self-Propelled Chemically Powered Nanomotors under Acoustic Fields (2015)

The collective behavior of biological systems has inspired efforts toward the controlled assembly of synthetic nanomotors. Here we demonstrate the use of acoustic fields to induce reversible assembly of catalytic nanomotors, controlled swarm movement, and separation of different nanomotors. The swarming mechanism relies on the interaction between individual nanomotors and the acoustic field, which triggers rapid migration and assembly around the nearest pressure node. Such on-demand assembly of catalytic nanomotors is extremely fast and reversible. Controlled movement of the resulting swarm is illustrated by changing the frequency of the acoustic field. Efficient separation of different types of nanomotors, which assemble in distinct swarming regions, is illustrated. The ability of acoustic fields to regulate the collective behavior of catalytic nanomotors holds considerable promise for a wide range of practical applications.
Editorial (2008)

T his issue of Healthcare Quarterly covers a diverse set of issues all having implications for the quality of health services.Here are some highlights.A feature is presented by Jafna
Venous thromboembolic risk and protein S deficiency: ethnic difference and remaining issues (2009)

Protein S deficiency is an autosomal dominant disorder that results from mutations in the protein S gene (PROS1). Inherited deficiency of protein S constitutes a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. Protein S functions as a nonenzymatic cofactor for activated protein C in the proteolytic degradation of coagulation factors V a and Villa. The frequency of protein S deficiency seems to differ between populations. More than 200 rare mutations in PROS1 have been identified in patients with protein S deficiency. Among the prevalent mutations within PROS1, the S460P substitution (known as Heerlen polymorphism) detected in Caucasians and the K196E substitution (known as protein S Tokushima) found in Japanese have been intensively studied for their structures and potential functions in the disorder of protein S deficiency. Until now, causative mutations in PROS1 have been found in only approximately 50% of cases with protein S deficiency. Co-segregation analysis of microsatellite haplotypes with protein S deficiency in families with protein S deficiency suggests that the causative defects in the PROS1 mutation-negative patients are located in or close to the PROS 1 gene. Large PROS 1 gene deletions have been identified in 3 out of 9 PROS 1 mutation-negative Swedish VTE families with protein S deficiency and 1 out of 6 PROS1 mutation-negative Japanese patients with protein S deficiency. Intensive sequencing of the entire PROS 1 gene, including introns, may be needed to identify the cryptic mutations in those patients, and these efforts might uncover the pathogenesis of protein S deficiency.
Embedded computer architectures in the MPSoC age. (2005)

Embedded computers are no longer used as simple controllers. Instead, high-performance embedded processors perform complex algorithms and are linked together to form multiprocessors. Embedded computing provides students different take on computer system design because of the requirements imposed on these systems:• Embedded computing systems generally require real-time performance. Real-time and average-time performance are very different animals.• Battery-powered embedded systems must meet very stringent energy requirements [Aus04].• Although the software in embedded systems can be changed to optimize the overall system, the software must also meet the specifications of the application.
Magnetoelectric microwave phase shifters (1997)

Abstract We discuss magnetoelectric microwave devices. Combination of properties of ferrite and ferroelectric, and also the properties, induced by magnetoelectric (ME) interaction, find wide functional opportunities for creation of devices on the basis of ME materials. ME materials can be used for design of microwave phase shifters. Phase shifters will be most simply realised on effect of shift of a line of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) under the action of a control electrical field. We shall consider an example of ME microwave through-passage microstrip phase shifter. As a working element a composite material, consisting of 95% from yttrium-iron garnet and of 5% from piezoceramics PZT is used. Phase shifters on ME materials have high performance, adaptability to manufacture, electromagnetic compatibility, radiating durability, thermostability, low power in control circuit.
Circumstances of death from asthma. (1984)

Mortality from asthma in England and Wales has remained unchanged for at least 20 years, even in the age group 15-44. Yet in those 20 years "modern" drugs have been introduced for the treatment of asthma, such as beta 2 agonist bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Why do patients still die? Detailed review of the circumstances of 90 deaths from asthma showed that a few were inevitable but that in the remainder four main sets of circumstances in the fatal attack contributed to the death. These were, firstly, the patient's failure to recognise the severity of the asthma; secondly, very rapid progress in the severity of the attack; thirdly, misjudgment in the management of the attack; and, fourthly, delay from many causes. Patients admitted to hospital with severe acute asthma usually survive. Those at risk of a life threatening attack should be identified and taught to monitor the severity and progress of their asthma objectively. Their direct admission to hospital should be facilitated.
Surface Expression of P-selectin on Platelets Is Related with Clinical Worsening in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2002)

Platelet activation has a critical role in arterial disorders. In this study, we showed that the upregulation of P-selectin expression on platelets was related with clinical worsening in acute ischemic stroke. We serially (within 24 hr, at 72 hr, and 7 days) measured the expression of P-selectin on platelets in patients with acute ischemic stroke (n=45) and investigated the correlation between their extents and clinical severity of ischemic stroke. A significant relationship between the P-selectin expressions and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was observed at 72 hr and 7 days after ischemic stroke onset. Patients with clinical deterioration showed significantly increased expression of P-selectin on platelets as compared to those without deterioration. These results suggest that the P-selectin expression on platelets may contribute to the aggravation of clinical course in acute ischemic stroke. Thus, adequate manipulation of activated platelets is an important therapeutic strategy in acute ischemic stroke.
Extreme sensitivity of contact resistance to variations in the interfacial composition of Ti/Al-based contacts to N-face GaN/AlGaN heterostructures (2012)

The resistance of Ti/Al-based contacts to N-face GaN/AlGaN heterostructures was found to depend sensitively on their interfacial composition. Limiting the thickness of the first layer deposited (either Al or Ti) to a few nanometers resulted in low contact resistances after annealing for 1 min at 500 °C. The lowest contact resistance of 0.10 Ω mm (contact resistivity of 3 × 10−7 Ω cm2) was achieved with 3 nm of Al as the first deposited layer. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a thin Ti-Al-Ga-N layer adjacent to the GaN in this annealed Al/Ti/Al contact, while the contact resistance was higher when the interfacial layer contained only Ti, Ga, and N. The simultaneous presence of Al and Ti next to GaN at the onset of reaction was found to be critical for achieving the lowest contact resistance.
CHITOSAN BASED SUSTAINED RELEASE MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL PATCHES CONTAINING VERAPAMIL HCL (2009)

The buccal region of the oral cavity is an attractive target for administration of the drug of choice. Sustained release formulations have been developed and are gaining in popularity and medical acceptance. To increase bioavailability and prevent first pass metabolism of drug, verapamil hydrochloride was embedded in sustained released buccal patch over period of 6 hour. The objective of present work was to characterize the effect of chitosan with PVP K-30 on water soluble drug by preparing mucoadhesive buccal patch. Each formulated batch was subjected to various evaluation parameters. The swelling percentage was found to be function of solubility of drug and PVP K-30. The mucoadhesive strength, vapour transmission and in-vitro released of water soluble drug through water insoluble chitosan base matrix were found satisfactorily. The physical appearance of buccal patch was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The released kinetic model best to fit for the optimized batch was Hixson Crowell, indicating that the drug release from systems in which there is a change in the surface area and the diameter of particles present in dosage form. Keyword: Buccal Patch, Sustained Drug Delivery, Bioadhesion, Mucoadhesive Buccal Delivery.
A screening design for factorial experiments with interactions (1979)

Journal Article A screening design for factorial experiments with interactions Get access SARAH C. COTTER SARAH C. COTTER Department of Applied Statistics, University of Reading Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 66, Issue 2, August 1979, Pages 317–320, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/66.2.317 Published: 01 August 1979 Article history Received: 01 September 1977 Revision received: 01 February 1979 Published: 01 August 1979
Metabolism of ferulic acid during growth of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> and <i>Lactobacillus collinoides</i> (2012)

The results demonstrate that both bacteria are able to convert FA. However, start of conversion differs between the two strains. The different amounts of FA had no influence on the growth and fermentation characteristics of both bacteria.
Role of Amyloid-  Glycine 33 in Oligomerization, Toxicity, and Neuronal Plasticity (2009)

The aggregation of the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, as soluble oligomers are intimately linked to neuronal toxicity and inhibition of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). In the C-terminal region of Abeta there are three consecutive GxxxG dimerization motifs, which we could previously demonstrate to play a critical role in the generation of Abeta. Here, we show that glycine 33 (G33) of the central GxxxG interaction motif within the hydrophobic Abeta sequence is important for the aggregation dynamics of the peptide. Abeta peptides with alanine or isoleucine substitutions of G33 displayed an increased propensity to form higher oligomers, which we could attribute to conformational changes. Importantly, the oligomers of G33 variants were much less toxic than Abeta(42) wild type (WT), in vitro and in vivo. Also, whereas Abeta(42) WT is known to inhibit LTP, Abeta(42) G33 variants had lost the potential to inhibit LTP. Our findings reveal that conformational changes induced by G33 substitutions unlink toxicity and oligomerization of Abeta on the molecular level and suggest that G33 is the key amino acid in the toxic activity of Abeta. Thus, a specific toxic conformation of Abeta exists, which represents a promising target for therapeutic interventions.
Novel Thiophene–Phenylene–Thiophene Fused Bislactam-Based Donor–Acceptor Type Conjugate Polymers: Synthesis by Direct Arylation and Properties (2013)

Three new donor–acceptor copolymers based on thiophene–phenylene–thiophene fused bislactam and various donors (3,4-dodecylthiophene, 4,4′-didodecyl-2,2′-bithiophene, and ethylenedioxythiophene) were synthesized, characterized, and used in field-effect transistors. Polycondensation was performed using nonactivated thiophene derivatives by employing palladium-catalyzed direct arylation under phosphine-free conditions. This method is superior to traditional cross-coupling polymerization because it requires fewer synthetic operations and does not employ toxic organometallic intermediates. Regioselective polymers can also be generated by using β-substituted thiophene derivatives. The studied polymers were tested in a bottom gate top contact thin film transistor (OTFT) architecture. The best electronic performance was shown by polymer P3, with enhanced π-conjugation due to the appearance of intramolecular attractive interactions.
Kinetic Studies of the Reaction of Tetraethoxysilane with Oxygen Atoms (1997)

The temperature dependent kinetics of the reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with O atom have been determined by fast flow reactor molecular beam sampling. The rate of constant has the form over the temperature range 300 to 673 K and similar to that of H atom abstraction from carbon‐bonded ethoxy groups. Gas‐phase products of the chemistry have been analyzed which suggest that following formation of the primary radical, subsequent reactions lead to the formation of and/or (n < 4). These species are believed to undergo both four center elimination of ethylene and addition reactions to produce Si‐O‐Si ligands by dehydration.
A Seasonal Study of the Haematology of Carp (<i>Cyprinus Carpio</i>) From a Locality in the Transvaal, South Africa (1976)

Various haematological parameters of carp blood were examined on a monthly basis from February to November. Seasonal variations were observed in red and white blood cell counts, in haemoglobin and plasma protein concentrations and in mean corpuscular fragilities. Sexual differences were evident in red blood cell counts, haematocrit values and haemoglobin concentrations. Plasma protein electrophoresis showed marked conformational changes during the study period. The results are discussed in relation to previous findings and also in relation to the use of blood as a possible indicator of breeding season in carp.