gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A variable-speed, sensorless, induction motor drive using DC link measurements (2009)

This paper presents a new control strategy for three-phase induction motor which includes independent speed & torque control loops and the current regulation thereby overcoming the limitation (i.e. sluggish response) of volts per hertz controlled industrial drives. For close-loop control, the feedback signals including the rotor speed, flux and torque are not measured directly but are estimated by means of an algorithm. The inputs to this algorithm are the reconstructed waveforms of stator currents and voltages obtained from the DC link and not measured directly on stator side. The proposed drive thus requires only one sensor in the DC link to implement the close-loop speed and torque control of a three-phase induction motor. The simulation results on a 2.2 kW induction motor drive in Matlab/Simulink software show fast dynamic response and good agreement between the actual values and the estimated values of torque and speed. Replacement of the open-loop control strategy of existing v/f drive by the proposed close-loop strategy appears to be possible without requiring any additional power components and sensors.
Modular Synthesis of Folate Conjugated Ternary Copolymers: Polyethylenimine-<i>graft</i>-Polycaprolactone-<i>block</i>-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Folate for Targeted Gene Delivery (2012)

Folate receptor (FR) is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. Gene delivery vectors conjugated with folate as a ligand could possibly deliver gene materials into target tumor cells via FR-mediated endocytosis. This study addresses novel folate-conjugated ternary copolymers based on polyethylenimine-graft-polycaprolactone-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG-Fol) as targeted gene delivery system using a modular synthesis approach including "click" conjugation of folate moieties with heterobifunctional PEG-b-PCL at PEG terminus and subsequently the introduction of PEI by a Michael addition between folate-PEG-b-PCL and PEI via active PCL terminus. This well-controlled synthetic procedure avoids tedious separation of byproduct. The structure of PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG-Fol was confirmed by (1)H NMR and UV spectra. DNA condensation of PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG-Fol was tested using a SYBR Gold quenching assay and agarose gel electrophoresis upon heparin competition assay. Although PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG-Fol could condense DNA completely at N/P ratio >2, polyplexes of N/P ratio 10 with sizes of about 120 nm and positive zeta potentials were selected for further biological evaluations due to polyplex stability. An enhancement of cellular uptake of PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG-Fol/pDNA polyplexes was observed in FR overexpressing KB cells in comparison to unmodified PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG, through flow cytometry analysis and confocal laser scanning imaging. Importantly, this enhanced cellular uptake could be inhibited by free folic acid and did not occur in FR-negative A549 cells, demonstrating specific cell uptake by FR-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, the transfection efficiency of PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG-Fol/pDNA polyplexes was increased approximately 14-fold in comparison to folate-negative polyplexes. Therefore, the PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG-Fol merits further investigation under in vivo conditions for targeting FR overexpressing tumors.
Attribution of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection to Primary Versus Non-Primary Maternal Infection (2010)

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a leading cause of developmental disabilities. In the United States during the period 1988-1994, approximately one-quarter of congenital CMV infections were attributable to primary maternal infection (n = 8772), and three-quarters were attributable to non-primary maternal infection (n = 29,918). Effective prevention strategies need to be developed for both primary and non-primary maternal infections.
Preparation and polymerization of 1,5‐diamino‐2,4‐alkylenetrisilazanes (1964)

Abstract 1,5‐Diamino‐2,4‐ethylenehexamethyltrisilazane and related compounds were prepared by treating the corresponding chlorosilane intermediates with ammonia or an amine. When these monomers were heated in xylene solution at 140°C. in the presence of ammonium sulfate, linear silicon‐nitrogen polymers were obtained with molecular weights in the range of 7,500–15,000. Elemental analyses, infrared spectra, and the physical properties of the polymers support the proposed structure and polymerization route.
New Fiber Optic Ribbon Cable Design (1986)

Abstract : For the use in subscriber loop networks an optical fiber cable has to meet several requirements. These are high fiber count and the feasibility of economical mass splicing techniques as well as small diameter and low weight. To meet all these requirements we decided to use a cable design including optical fiber ribbons placed in a central tube. This cable construction is in principle well known. In this paper a new design of the ribbon and the cable sheath will be presented. (Author)
Cláusulas penales en contratos de exclusiva y abuso de posición dominante: Comentario a Resolución de la Comisión Nacional de la Competencia, Expte.646/08, caso Axion/Abertis (2009)

En este trabajo analizamos la Resolucion de la Comision Nacional de la Competencia (Expte.646/08) del pasado 19.5.2009, que sanciona a la compania Abertis por abuso de posicion de dominio consistente en la imposicion de clausulas penales desproporcionadas en los contratos celebrados con cadenas nacionales de television. Las clausulas penales en contratos de exclusiva pueden tener efectos sobre la competencia, tanto positivos como negativos. Sin embargo, la Comision Nacional de la Competencia pretiere los primeros y concluye por ello que tales clausulas son anticompetitivas.
Carboxyl-Terminal Truncations Alter the Activity of the Human α-Galactosidase A (2015)

Fabry disease is an X-linked inborn error of glycolipid metabolism caused by deficiency of the human lysosomal enzyme, α-galactosidase A (αGal), leading to strokes, myocardial infarctions, and terminal renal failure, often leading to death in the fourth or fifth decade of life. The enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of terminal α-galactoside linkages in various glycolipids. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been approved for the treatment of Fabry disease, but adverse reactions, including immune reactions, make it desirable to generate improved methods for ERT. One approach to circumvent these adverse reactions is the development of derivatives of the enzyme with more activity per mg. It was previously reported that carboxyl-terminal deletions of 2 to 10 amino acids led to increased activity of about 2 to 6-fold. However, this data was qualitative or semi-quantitative and relied on comparison of the amounts of mRNA present in Northern blots with αGal enzyme activity using a transient expression system in COS-1 cells. Here we follow up on this report by constructing and purifying mutant enzymes with deletions of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 C-terminal amino acids (Δ2, Δ4, Δ6, Δ8, Δ10) for unambiguous quantitative enzyme assays. The results reported here show that the kcat/Km approximately doubles with deletions of 2, 4, 6 and 10 amino acids (0.8 to 1.7-fold effect) while a deletion of 8 amino acids decreases the kcat/Km (7.2-fold effect). These results indicate that the mutated enzymes with increased activity constructed here would be expected to have a greater therapeutic effect on a per mg basis, and could therefore reduce the likelihood of adverse infusion related reactions in Fabry patients receiving ERT treatment. These results also illustrate the principle that in vitro mutagenesis can be used to generate αGal derivatives with improved enzyme activity.
Allocation and binding during fault-secure microarchitecture synthesis (2002)

We present a mixed integer linear program (MIP) formulation for optimal allocation and binding in high level synthesis of VLSI circuits with on-chip fault-detection. Although fault detection can be achieved by simply duplicating the computation on disjoint hardware and voting on the result(s), such a strategy bears unnecessarily high hardware overhead. Alternately, we exploit fault-security-a novel algorithmic level, area-efficient, fault detection technique. This technique ameliorates the dedicated hardware required for the original and duplicate computations by imposing inter-copy hardware disjointness at a sub-computation level instead of at the overall computation level. Special constraints to ensure fault-security are explicitly incorporated during allocation and binding. Our experimental results show that fault-security can be implemented at much lower hardware overheads than straightforward duplication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanism of contracture on cooling of caffeine‐treated frog skeletal muscle fibres. (1988)

1. In order to clarify the mechanism of contracture on cooling of caffeine-treated intact muscle fibres, the temperature dependence of a calcium (Ca2+) release mechanism, 'Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release', of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was examined in skinned frog muscle fibres. 2. Skinned fibres in a solution containing 1.2 mM-caffeine and 0.7 mM-EGTA (Mg2+, 1.5 mM, Mg-ATP, 3.5 mM, pH 7), contracted on cooling (from 22 to 2 degrees C) due to Ca2+ release from the SR. 3. The rate of Ca2+ release from skinned fibre SR in a medium which contained Ca2+ ions (with 10 mM-EGTA) and no ATP salts, was determined under various conditions using the 'caffeine method.' 4. In the absence of Mg2+ ions, adenine nucleotides and caffeine, the rates at room temperature (21-22 degrees C) were 3-4 times greater than those at a lower temperature (1.5-3 degrees C), at any concentrations of Ca2+ ions external to the SR. 5. In the presence of Mg2+ ions (1.5 mM) and beta,gamma-methylene ATP (1 mM), the effect of temperature on the rates disappeared in Ca2+-containing media, although the effect remained in Ca2+-free medium. 6. When caffeine (1.2 mM), which is a potentiator of the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, was added to the test medium with Mg2+ and beta,gamma-methylene ATP, the resulting potentiating effect was several times greater than that at lower temperature. 7. In order to examine the temperature dependence of the Ca2+ pump activity of the SR, the initial rate of Ca2+ uptake by the empty SR was determined under various conditions in the presence of Mg2+ ions (1.5 mM) and Mg-ATP (3.5 mM). The Q10 of the pump activity was around 2.0 at the Ca2+ ion concentrations examined (less than 10(-6) M). 8. A numerical model based on the results obtained, together with some reasonable assumptions, suggested that both suppression of the Ca2+ pump and enhancement of the Ca2+ release contribute to the cooling contracture of caffeinized fibres.
TRIPLE THERAPY FOR CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION DUE TO AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (2007)

In most patients with CNV due to AMD, triple therapy results in significant and sustained visual acuity improvement after only one cycle of treatment. In addition, the therapy offers a good safety profile, potentially lower cost compared with therapies that must be administered more frequently, and convenience for patients.
A Real-Time Parallel Optical Processing Technique (1975)

Numerous parallel processing capabilities of holography have been described [1], [2]. Certain of these which are inherent in a (holographic) synthetic aperture radar [3]-[7] have also been discussed [8], including its parallel (simultaneous) phase curvature adjustments for all near-field reflecting objects, and its automatic (and parallel) adjustment of the (synthetic) aperture size so as to cause the metric resolution to be independent of range. It is here suggested that a real-time hologram reconstruction tube [9] could be incorporated to advantage in certain synthetic aperture systems.
Influence of Crystal Structure and Interparticle Contact on the Capacity of PbO2 Electrodes (1992)

Chemically prepared specimens of α‐ and were discharged in 1m under defined conditions of mechanical compression. Various quantities of graphite were added to the specimens in order to study the influence of electric contact between particles. Electrodes of (having a high degree of structural disorder) presented a higher discharge efficiency than those of well crystallized . The capacity increased in the presence of graphite and with increasing Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) area. Graphite was found to suppress the diffusion potential in the layer and to permit extended discharge at a second voltage plateau, due to the reaction .
Modeling phosphorus transport in agricultural watersheds: Processes and possibilities (2002)

ABSTRACT: Modeling phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural watersheds is key to quantifying the long term water quality benefits of alternative best management practices. Scientists engaged in this endeavor struggle to represent processes controlling P transport at scales and time frames that are meaningful to farmers, resource managers, and policy makers. To help overcome these challenges, we reviewed salient issues facing scientists that model P transport, providing a conceptual framework from which process-based P transport models might be evaluated. Recent advances in quantifying the release of soil P to overland and subsurface flow show that extraction coefficients relating soil and flow P are variable but can be represented as a function of land cover or erosion. Existing information on best management effects on P export should be linked to watershed models to better represent changes in P transport. The main needs of P transport models are inclusion of flexible coefficients relating soil and overland flow P, fertilizer and manure management and P loss, stream channel effects on edge-of-field P losses prior to water body input, and linkage of watershed and water-body response models. However, it is essential that the most appropriate model be carefully selected, according to a user9s needs in terms of available input data, level of predictive accuracy, and scale of simulation being considered.
Recursive independent component analysis for online blind source separation (2012)

This study proposes and evaluates a recursive algorithm for incremental estimation of independent components from on-line data. The algorithm offers the convergence properties of batch independent component analysis (ICA) with incremental updates of a form similar to natural gradient (NG) on-line information maximization (Infomax). We employ recursive procedure to arrive at steady state solution given by NG Infomax. Furthermore, we propose a novel procedure to compute corrective updates on the basis of previous estimates. Implementation of this algorithm incurs linear complexity in data size, input dimensions, and number of estimated independent components. Significant gains in convergence rate over on-line natural gradient ICA are demonstrated.
Advanced rate control technologies for 3D-HDTV digital coding based on MPEG-2 multi-view profile (2003)

This paper describes advanced rate control technologies suitable for the digital compression coding based on MPEG-2 multi-view profile for transmitting three dimensional stereo HDTV signals at bit-rates 45 Mbps for PDH networks or 52 Mbps for SDH networks. First of all, a common buffer control is introduced, which achieves statistical multiplexing effect while keeping the picture qualify of both the left and right pictures well balanced. Under the assumption of applying this common buffer control, we investigate the optimal setting of GOP structure which has a close relation with the rate control. And then, a discriminatory bit allocation is proposed which improves the left picture quality without any degradation of the right picture. From the results of coding experiment conducted to evaluate the coding picture achieved by this coding scheme, it is confined that our coding scheme gives satisfactory picture quality even at 45 Mbps including audio and FEC data.
Challenges for Ultrahigh-Speed Wireless Communications Using Terahertz Waves (2010)

Demand is increasing for higher data rate in wireless communications in order to keep up with the remarkable speed-up of fiber-optic networks such as Ethernet LANs. One of the most direct and easiest ways to achieve a higher data rate of 10-100 Gbit/s is to increase carrier frequencies to terahertz regions of from 100 GHz to 500 GHz. This paper will review our recent challenges for high-speed wireless communications technologies using terahertz electro-magnetic waves.
Antibodies to Histones in Drug-Induced and Idiopathic Lupus Erythematosus (1978)

When tissue sections are extracted with 0.1 N HCl, cellular nuclear proteins, including histones, are removed but nuclear DNA is retained. Histones can be reconstituted back to nuclear DNA in acid-extracted tissue sections so that the resulting nuclear substrate is composed only of DNA and histones and does not contain acidic nuclear protein antigens. The resulting DNA-histone tissue substrate can be used in the immunofluorescent method for specific detention of antibodies to histones. Sera from 23 patients with drug-induced lupus erythematosus (procainamide 19, isoniazid 2, nitrofurantoin 2) and 20 patients with idiopathic (not drug-induced) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied. All 23 patients with drug-induced lupus erythematosus (LE) lost nuclear staining on acid-extracted sections. In contrast, only 12 of 20 with idiopathic SLE lost nuclear staining on acid-extracted tissues, and in the remaining 8, there was no significant fall in titer. In the drug-induced LE group, loss of nuclear staining was due to the absence of histones on the substrate because with histone-reconstituted sections, 22 of 23 again became positive for nuclear staining at titers equal to or at one doubling dilution below titers on unextracted tissues. In contrast, of the 12 idiopathic SLE sera which lost nuclear staining, only 5 regained nuclear staining on histone-reconstituted tissue sections. In idiopathic SLE, antinuclear antibodies are heterogeneous in specificities and may consist of antibodies to native DNA, histones, or nonhistone proteins. In contrast, antinuclear antibodies in drug-induced LE are less heterogeneous and mainly consist of antibodies to histones.
A stagnation pressure probe for droplet-laden air flow (1986)

It is often of interest in a droplet-laden gas flow to obtain the stagnation pressure of both the gas phase and the mixture. A flow-decelerating probe (TPF), with separate, purged ports for the gas phase and the mixture and with a bleed for accumulating liquid at the closed end, has been developed. Measurements obtained utilizing the TPF in a nearly isothermal air-water droplet mixture flow in a smooth circular pipe under various conditions of flow velocity, pressure, liquid concentration and droplet size are presented and compared with data obtained under identical conditions with a conventional, gas phase stagnation pressure probe (CSP). The data obtained with the CSP and TPF probes are analyzed to determine the applicability of the two probes in relation to the multi-phase characteristics of the flow and the geometry of the probe.
The past, present and future of mitochondrial genomics: have we sequenced enough mtDNAs? (2015)

The year 2014 saw more than a thousand new mitochondrial genome sequences deposited in GenBank-an almost 15% increase from the previous year. Hundreds of peer-reviewed articles accompanied these genomes, making mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) the most sequenced and reported type of eukaryotic chromosome. These mtDNA data have advanced a wide range of scientific fields, from forensics to anthropology to medicine to molecular evolution. But for many biological lineages, mtDNAs are so well sampled that newly published genomes are arguably no longer contributing significantly to the progression of science, and in some cases they are tying up valuable resources, particularly journal editors and referees. Is it time to acknowledge that as a research community we have published enough mitochondrial genome papers? Here, I address this question, exploring the history, milestones and impacts of mitochondrial genomics, the benefits and drawbacks of continuing to publish mtDNAs at a high rate and what the future may hold for such an important and popular genetic marker. I highlight groups for which mtDNAs are still poorly sampled, thus meriting further investigation, and recommend that more energy be spent characterizing aspects of mitochondrial genomes apart from the DNA sequence, such as their chromosomal and transcriptional architectures. Ultimately, one should be mindful before writing a mitochondrial genome paper. Consider perhaps sending the sequence directly to GenBank instead, and be sure to annotate it correctly before submission.
Genetic Disruption of Myostatin Reduces the Development of Proatherogenic Dyslipidemia and Atherogenic Lesions In <i>Ldlr</i> Null Mice (2009)

Inactivation of Mstn protects against the development of insulin resistance, proatherogenic dyslipidemia, and aortic atherogenesis in Ldlr(-/-) mice. Myostatin may be a useful target for drug development for prevention and treatment of obesity and its associated type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis.
Adsorption of methylene blue and methyl red dyes from aqueous solutions onto modified zeolites (2013)

Zeolite, hematite, modified zeolite and commercial activated charcoal were examined for their ability to remove methylene blue (MB) and methyl red (MR) from their aqueous solutions. Modified zeolite and hematite were produced according to the Schwertmann and Cornell method while zeolite and commercial activated charcoal were obtained from S&B and Fluka AG companies, respectively. Adsorption experiments were conducted at three different adsorbent-to-solution ratios, namely 8, 16 and 24 g/L under environmental conditions and continuous stirring. Equilibrium isotherms of MB and MR were studied at different initial concentrations (from 5 × 10(-4) to 5 × 10(-3) g/L). MB adsorption kinetics were also studied. The maximum adsorption of MB and MR from their aqueous solutions was achieved at 24 g/L (adsorbent-to-dye solution ratio) after 1 h and was equal to 100% (MB) on modified zeolite and 99% (MR) on commercial activated charcoal, respectively. All the other materials achieved intermediate values of dye adsorption. From the applied kinetic models, the pseudo-second-order equation best described the adsorption of MB and MR. Consequently, modified zeolite showed the highest adsorption capacity for MB, while commercial activated charcoal showed the highest adsorption capacity of MR. The studied adsorbents can be used as filters to remove dyes from wastewaters.
High power lasers and adaptive optics (2006)

Adaptive optics to improve beam quality of the high power lasers, including femtosecond lasers increased greatly during last years - good laser beam quality is essential for many scientific and industrial applications. In this paper, a recent result in the application of our adaptive optical systems to correct for the aberrations of various laser beams is presented. Our adaptive system consists of a semipassive bimorph mirror with a number of control electrodes as a wavefront corrector, Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, block of electronics and software performed to work with standard PC.