gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unintentional bugs to vulnerability mapping in Android applications (2015)

The intention of an Android application, determined by the source code analysis is used to identify potential maliciousness in that application (app). Similarly, it is possible to analyze the unintentional behaviors of an app to identify and reduce the window of vulnerabilities. Unintentional behaviors of an app can be any developmental loopholes such as software bugs overlooked by a developer or introduced by an adversary intentionally. FindBugs <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> and Android Lint are a couple of tools that can detect such bugs easily. A software bug can cause many security vulnerabilities (known or unknown) and vice-versa, thus, creating a many-to-many mapping. In our approach, we construct a matrix of mapping between the bugs and the potential vulnerabilities. A software bug detection tool is used to identify a list of bugs and create an empirical list of the vulnerabilities in an app. The many-to-many mapping matrix is obtained by two approaches - severity mapping and probability mapping. These mappings can be used as tools to measure the unknown vulnerabilities and their strength. We believe our study is the first of its kind and it can enhance the security of Android apps in their development phase itself. Also, the reverse mapping matrix (vulnerabilities to bugs) could be used to improve the accuracy of malware detection in Android apps.
Synthetic, Infrared, <sup>1</sup>Hand <sup>13</sup>CNMR Spectral Studies on N-(p-Substituted Phenyl)-p-Substituted Benzenesulphonamides, p-X’C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>SO<sub>2</sub>NH- (p-XC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>), where X’ or X = H, CH<sub>3</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>, F, Cl or Br (2004)

Thirty N-(p-substituted phenyl)-p-substituted benzenesulphonamides of the general formula, p-X’C 6 H 4 SO 2 NH(p-XC 6 H 4 ), where X’ or X = H, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , F, Cl or Br, are synthesised and their infrared spectra in the solid state and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra in solution are measured. The N-H stretching vibrational frequencies, ν N−H vary in the range 3334 - 3219 cm −1 , while the asymmetric and symmetric SO 2 vibrations appear in the ranges 1377 - 1311 cm −1 and 1182 - 1151 cm −1 , respectively. The compounds exhibit S-N and C-N stretching vibrational absorptions in the ranges 937 - 898 cm −1 and 1310 - 1180 cm −1 , respectively. There are no particular trends in the variation of these frequencies on substitution with either electron withdrawing or electron donating groups. The 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts of N-(p-substituted phenyl)-p-substituted benzenesulphonamides, are assigned to various protons and carbons of the two benzene rings. Further, incremental shifts of the ring protons and carbons due to -SO 2 NH(p-XC 6 H 4 ) groups in the compounds of the formula, C 6 H 5 SO 2 NH(p-XC 6 H 4 ), and p-X’C 6 H 4 SO 2- and p-X’C 6 H 4 SO 2 NH- groups in the compounds of the formula, p-X’C 6 H 4 SO 2 NH(C 6 H 5 ) are computed and used to calculate the 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts of the parallely substituted compounds of the general formula p-X’C 6 H 4 SO 2 NH(p-XC 6 H 4 ). The computed values agree well with the observed chemical shifts. The above incremental shifts are found to correlate with the Hammett substituent parameters.
Controlled ring‐opening polymerization of propylene oxide catalyzed by double metal‐cyanide complex (2002)

Abstract A double metal‐cyanide catalyst based on Zn 3 [Co(CN) 6 ] 2 was prepared. This catalyst is very effective for the ring‐opening polymerization of propylene oxide. Polyether polyols of moderate molecular weight having low unsaturation (<0.015 meq/g) can be prepared under mild conditions. The molecular weight of polymer is entirely controlled by a reacted monomer‐to‐initiator ratio. The polymers prepared with stepwise addition of monomer exhibit a narrower molecular weight distribution as compared with those prepared with one‐step addition of monomer. Various compounds containing active hydrogen, except basic compounds and low‐carbon carboxylic acid, may be used as initiators. The reaction rate increases with increasing catalyst amount and decreases with rising initiator concentration. Polymerization involves a rapid exchange reaction between the active species and the dormant species. It was also proven that, to a certain extent, the chain termination of this catalytic system is reversible or temporary. 13 C NMR analysis showed that the polymer has a random distribution of the configurational sequences and head‐to‐tail regiosequence. It is assumed that the polymerization proceeds via a cationic coordination mechanism. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1142–1150, 2002
Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance (2006)

This textbook integrates basic concepts and relevant scientific information to provide a foundation for understanding nutrition, energy transfer, and exercise training. This new edition covers exercise physiology, uniting the topics of human performance, nutrition, energy expenditure and capacity, molecular biology, and more. Every chapter has been fully revised and updated to reflect the latest information. LiveAdvise online faculty support and student tutoring services are available free with the text. A bound-in CD-ROM contains questions to help students prepare for exams. A Connection Website provides additional faculty and student resources.
Management of Varices and Variceal Hemorrhage in Cirrhosis (2010)

Gastroesophageal varices are present at diagnosis in almost half of patients with cirrhosis, and variceal hemorrhage continues to be a lethal complication of cirrhosis. This review explains the three main challenges in clinical management: primary prophylaxis to prevent a first episode of hemorrhage, the treatment of acute bleeding episodes, and secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of variceal hemorrhage.
Specific heats of paraelectrics, ferroelectrics, and antiferroelectrics at low temperatures (1976)

Measurements of low-temperature specific heats (2-37 K) are reported for the first time on some common paraelectrics (thallous halides, Pb${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, KTa${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$), ferroelectrics [BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or KDP, triglycine sulfate or TGS, LiNb${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, LiTa${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, Pb(${\mathrm{Zr}}_{0.65}$ ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.35}$)${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ or PZT 65/35], and antiferroelectrics [Pb(${\mathrm{Zr}}_{0.95}$ ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.05}$)${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ or PZT 95/5, ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$]. All materials display maxima in $C{T}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, and excellent fits to experimental data are obtained with single Einstein frequencies. The Einstein frequencies vary from 19 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for TlCl to 99 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The frequencies in LiNb${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (79 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) and LiTa${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (61 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) agree reasonably well with earlier Raman data at 300 K on $E$-symmetry optic modes and with recent low-temperature pyroelectric data. The TlBr frequency (22 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) agrees well with the lowest phonon anomaly determined from neutron data, and the KTa${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ frequency (26 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) is in good agreement with the average soft-mode frequency in this temperature range. No evidence is seen for the suggested phase transition in KTa${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ at 10 K. The PZT materials, which are compositionally in a field inaccessible to powder Raman methods, have frequencies of 32 (65/35) and 38 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (95/5), due probably to low-lying TA phonons. An unusual ${T}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ contribution to the specific heat of the ferroelectrics TGS, KDP, BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and LiNb${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ was found at the lowest temperatures. Experimental data are in excellent agreement with $C=A{T}^{3}+B{T}^{\frac{3}{2}}$, and it is suggested that the ${T}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ term is the domain-wall contribution.
Understanding the Limitations in the Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from Lignin Derivatives (2014)

To investigate the conversion of lignin derivatives to biopolyesters, 11 polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-accumulating strains were cultured on mineral salt media containing each of the 18 lignin derivatives and hydroxybenzoic acids, including intermediates derived from the metabolism of lignin derivatives in bacteria. Most of the strains grew poorly in media containing lignin derivatives such as p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapinic acid. One of the strains, Pseudomonas putida Gpo1, grew in the presence of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA). Pseudomonas putida JCM 13063 also grew in the presence of 4-HBA, 3,4-DHBA, and vanillic acid. Another strain, Ralstonia eutropha H16, synthesized PHA from 4-HBA, 2,5-DHBA, and 3,4-DHBA. On the basis of the data obtained from these experiments, we suggest that the conversion of lignin derivatives into intermediates such as 4-HBA, 2,5-DHBA, 3,4-DHBA, and vanillic acid represents the major bottleneck in the synthesis of PHA from lignin derivatives.
Effects of adjective orientation and gradability on sentence subjectivity (2000)

Subjectivity is a pragmatic, sentence-level feature that has important implications for text processing applications such as information extraction and information retrieval. We study the effects of dynamic adjectives, semantically oriented adjectives, and gradable adjectives on a simple subjectivity classifier, and establish that they are strong predictors of subjectivity. A novel trainable method that statistically combines two indicators of gradability is presented and evaluated, complementing existing automatic techniques for assigning orientation labels.
1×N splitters on silica substrates with low polarization dependent loss (2002)

Summary form only given. We report the fabrication of flame hydrolysis deposition silica waveguide circuits on quartz with GeO/sub 2/ as the index-raising dopant for the core. Silica waveguides doped with GeO/sub 2/ are known to have much lower loss than those doped with TiO/sub 2/. 1xN splitters have been processed and their performance is discussed.
The use of the principal states of polarization to describe tunability in a fiber laser (1997)

A novel approach for the description of the tunability of a fiber laser using principal states of polarization is introduced. Upon comparing the theoretical predictions with experimental measurements, it has been found that for a 4-m fiber laser, the proposed description is valid for a wavelength range of 2 nm.
Endogenous Markers of Two Separate Hypoxia Response Pathways (hypoxia inducible factor 2 alpha and carbonic anhydrase 9) Are Associated With Radiotherapy Failure in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Recruited in the CHART Randomized Trial (2006)

Expression of endogenous markers of hypoxia for the HIF-1 and HIF-2 pathway is strongly associated with radiotherapy failure. Using immunohistochemical methods it is possible to identify subgroups of HNSCC patients who are highly curable with radiotherapy, or who are excellent candidates for clinical trials on hypoxia-targeting drugs in two distinct pathways.
<title>Self-calibrating shape-measuring system based on fringe projection</title> (1997)

The goal of optical 3D-measurements is the determination of cartesian coordinates of surfaces. Using principles basing on fringe projection techniques coordinates are calculated of measured phase in fringes, image-coordinates of cameras and parameters of the system configuration. Mostly, three measured values unambiguous lead to one coordinate-tripel. A more comfortable way offer photogrammetric measurements where more than three values are measured to calculate coordinates and additional to parameters describing the system configuration. Applying these experiences to fringe projection techniques it is possible to combine the advantages of both techniques. That guarantees high number of object points, quick data acquirement and a simultaneous determination of coordinates and system parameters with photogrammetric bundle adjustment. Recent measurements showed the capabilities of that principle. The reliability of the coordinates is given by a standard deviation of less than 1 0 microns while the object diameter was up to 280 mm.
Increased Production of 17β-Estradiol in Endometriosis Lesions Is the Result of Impaired Metabolism (2008)

Endometriotic lesions have higher production of 17beta-estradiol than the eutopic endometrium of patients and controls. This is mostly the result of impaired metabolism.
A poly(dimethylsiloxane)-coated flexible mold for nanoimprint lithography (2007)

In this paper, we introduce an anti-adhesion poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-coated flexible mold and its applications for room-temperature imprint lithography. The flexible mold is fabricated using an ultraviolet-curable prepolymer on a flexible substrate, and its surface is passivated with a thin layer of PDMS to impart an anti-adhesion property. The highly flexible mold enables conformal contact with a substrate on which a low-viscosity polymer resist is spin-cast in a thin layer. Large-area imprinting is then realized at room temperature under significantly reduced pressure. The mold was durable even after repetitive imprinting of over 200 times. Also, we show a double imprinting on the substrate with a PDMS-coated replica polymeric mold having 500 nm line patterns. This enables the formation of matrix patterns with varying feature heights in less than 7 min.
F0 cues for the discourse functions of “hã” in hindi (2009)

Affirmative particles are often employed in conversational speech to convey more than their literal semantic meaning. The discourse information conveyed by such particles can have consequences in both Speech Understanding and Speech Production for a Spoken Dialogue System. This paper analyses the different discourse functions of the affirmative particle ha (“yes”) in Hindi and in explores the role of fundamental frequency (f0) as a cue to disambiguating these functions.
Induction of Hypomanic Episode With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (2010)

We report on the case of a 57-year-old man who experienced an episode of hypomania while participating in a clinical trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Although hypomania and mania have been reported after transcranial magnetic stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the past, to our knowledge, this is the first report of mania after transcranial direct current stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Biology and Therapeutic Approaches (2011)

Although prostate cancer was not historically considered to be a particularly immune-responsive cancer, recent clinical trials have demonstrated that immunotherapy for prostate cancer can lead to improvements in overall survival (OS). These studies include randomized controlled trials with sipuleucel-T and another with PROSTVAC-VF, both of which rely on stimulating the immune system to target prostate proteins. This review discusses the most promising developments over the past year in immune-based therapy for prostate cancer and the opportunities that lie ahead. Recent randomized immunotherapy trials in prostate cancer have demonstrated improvements in OS but without the concomitant improvements in progression-free survival. This uncoupling of survival from clinical response poses challenges to clinical management, because conventional measures of objective response cannot be used to identify patients benefiting from treatment. There is a significant need to identify immunologic or clinical surrogates for survival so that clinical benefit can be assessed in a timely manner. Immunotherapy is now an established treatment approach for prostate cancer, with multiple clinical trials demonstrating improvements in OS. Significant challenges to this modality remain, including determining best clinical setting for immunotherapy, identifying patients who benefit, and defining relevant clinical and immunologic end points. Nevertheless, the broader availability of novel immunotherapies will provide opportunities not only to target different components of the immune system but also to combine immunotherapies with other treatments for improved clinical efficacy.
Performance adaptive power-aware reconfigurable optical interconnects for high-performance computing (HPC) systems (2007)

As communication distances and bit rates increase, optoelectronic interconnects are being deployed for designing high-bandwidth low-latency interconnection networks for high performance computing (HPC) systems. While bandwidth scaling with efficient multiplexing techniques (wavelengths, time and space) are available, static assignment of wavelengths can be detrimental to network performance for non-uniform (adversial) workloads. Dynamic bandwidth re-allocation based on actual traffic pattern can lead to improved network performance by utilizing idle resources. While dynamic bandwidth re-allocation (DBR) techniques can alleviate interconnection bottlenecks, power consumption also increases considerably. In this paper, we propose to improve the performance of optical interconnects using DBR techniques and simultaneously optimize the power consumption using Dynamic Power Management (DPM) techniques. DBR, re-allocates idle channels to busy channels (wavelengths) for improving throughput and DPM regulates the bit rates and supply voltages for the individual channels. A reconfigurable opto-electronic architecture and a performance adaptive algorithm for implementing DBR and DPM are proposed in this paper. Our proposed reconfiguration algorithm achieves a significant reduction in power consumption and considerable improvement in throughput with a marginal increase in latency for various traffic patterns.
Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses and Muscle Homeostasis Following High-intensity Running after Pre-exercise Carbohydrate Feeding (2002)

This study investigated the effect of high carbohydrate (CHO) consumption prior to exercise on plasma glucose and insulin responses, and muscle homeostasis after exhaustive exercise, Nineteen male college athletes completed two exhaustive exercises: a regular trial (regular diet; to determine maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max]) and a formula trial (high CHO [~84%] formula diet, ~ 13 kcal/kg BW; 85% VO2max, 10% grade). The diet was given 60 min prior to exercise and was ingested within 30 min. Blood samples were taken before, during, and after exercise. Urinary samples were collected pre- and post-exercise. After consumption of the CHO formula diet, both plasma glucose and insulin concentrations increased significantly (p ＜ 0.0001). During exercise, both concentrations decreased significantly (p ＜ 0.0001), and then after completing the exercise, they gradually increased to the end of the experiment. However, after 24 h, plasma glucose concentration had decreased again and reached the lowest level (p ＜ 0.0001). During the exhaustive period, lactate concentration significantly increased (p ＜ 0.0001), and then after exhaustion, it significantly decreased (p ＜ 0.01) to return to its baseline. After exhaustion, there was a significant decrease (p ＜ 0.05) in urinary urea nitrogen excretion and a significant increase (p ＜ 0.05) in urinary hydroxyproline and 3-methylhistidine excretions, In conclusion, pre-exercise CHO(84%) feeding does not induce transient exercise hypoglycemia during the initial ~20 min of exercise. Muscle homeostasis, however, is affected by the high-intensity exercise of 85% VO2max even if the energy provided is sufficient.
Focus on Spinel Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> as Insertion Type Anode for High‐Performance Na‐Ion Batteries (2019)

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) toward large-scale energy storage applications has fascinated researchers in recent years owing to the low cost, environmental friendliness, and inestimable abundance. The similar chemical and electrochemical properties of sodium and lithium make sodium an easy substitute for lithium in lithium-ion batteries. However, the main issues of limited cycle life, low energy density, and poor power density hamper the commercialization process. In the last few years, the development of electrode materials for SIBs has been dedicated to improving sodium storage capacities, high energy density, and long cycle life. The insertion type spinel Li<sub>4</sub> Ti<sub>5</sub> O<sub>12</sub> (LTO) possesses "zero-strain" behavior that offers the best cycle life performance among all reported oxide-based anodes, displaying a capacity of 155 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> via a three-phase separation mechanism, and competing for future topmost high energy anode for SIBs. Recent reports offer improvement of overall electrode performance through carbon coating, doping, composites with metal oxides, and surface modification techniques, etc. Further, LTO anode with its structure and properties for SIBs is described and effective methods to improve the LTO performance are discussed in both half-cell and practical configuration, i.e., full-cell, along with future perspectives and solutions to promote its use.
Notes - Decarbethoxylation of Perfluoroacid Esters (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Decarbethoxylation of Perfluoroacid EstersElliot BergmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 3, 476–477Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01097a039RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (264 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Design and construction of sunshine kitchen system based on cloud computing and video data analysis (2015)

Kitchen safety in catering industry has a direct impact on people's health and life safety. In this paper, a kitchen video monitoring system named “sunshine kitchen” is designed and constructed, which is based on cloud computing and video data analysis and provides services for the public, government, operators and other groups of people. One cloud data center is constructed as the supporting and shared modular for the application platforms, providing massive data collecting, storage and processing capacity. Three business platforms, public service platform, video monitor platform and operation platform, are established for public usage, so that the key issues of food safety such as illegal transaction and behavior, the problem of food resources, can be identified and exposed to public. Test results show that the platform can handle hundreds of user concurrent access. We hope this case will be promoted in more places.