gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Online End-to-end Transformer Automatic Speech Recognition (2019)

The Transformer self-attention network has recently shown promising performance as an alternative to recurrent neural networks in end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. However, Transformer has a drawback in that the entire input sequence is required to compute self-attention. We have proposed a block processing method for the Transformer encoder by introducing a context-aware inheritance mechanism. An additional context embedding vector handed over from the previously processed block helps to encode not only local acoustic information but also global linguistic, channel, and speaker attributes. In this paper, we extend it towards an entire online E2E ASR system by introducing an online decoding process inspired by monotonic chunkwise attention (MoChA) into the Transformer decoder. Our novel MoChA training and inference algorithms exploit the unique properties of Transformer, whose attentions are not always monotonic or peaky, and have multiple heads and residual connections of the decoder layers. Evaluations of the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) and AISHELL-1 show that our proposed online Transformer decoder outperforms conventional chunkwise approaches.
Multi-objective optimization oriented policy for performance and energy efficient resource allocation in Cloud environment (2017)

Cloud computing is a hybrid paradigm which makes use of utility computing, high performance cluster computing and grid computing and it offers various benefits such as flexibility, expandability, little or almost no capital investment, disaster recovery, moveable work space and much more. However, due to constantly increasing number of data centers worldwide, the issue of energy consumption by these data centers has attracted attention of researchers. Resource allocation and resource utilization are the major criterion in which the problem of energy efficiency can be addressed. In this research, we aim to provide energy-efficient resource allocation using Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) method. Further, We propose MOO-based virtual machine (VM) allocation policy and implement it in CloudSim environment. The results are compared with existing policies. The results depict that MOO-based policy leads to saving in energy due to efficient resource allocation, without compromising performance of data center operations.
Development of a rheo‐dielectric sensor for online shear stress measurement during the injection molding process (2009)

Abstract This study presents the development of a novel rheo‐dielectric sensing technique, based on dielectrostriction measurement, for online injection molding process monitoring. Dielectrostriction, defined as a variation of dielectric properties of material under deformation, detects evolution of molecular orientation during injection molding and enables online shear stress measurement. The dielectrostriction effect resembles the well‐known birefringence phenomenon. As birefringence in polymers is described by the stress‐optical relationship (Fuller, Optical Rheometry of Complex Fluids , Oxford University Press, New York (1995); Janeschitz‐Kriegl, Polymer Melt Rheology and Flow Birefringence , Springer, Berlin (1983); Saiz and Rainde, Dipole Moments and Birefringence of Polymers , Prentice‐Hall, New Jersey (1992)), a stress‐dielectric relationship exists for and is applicable to dielectrostriction. In addition,dielectrostriction measurements can be performed on both transparent and opaque materials with a much simpler data acquisition technique. To demonstrate the feasibility of the dieletrostriction measurement, a planar capacitor sensor rosette has been developed and attached to the surface of an injection mold to obtain the dielectrostriction signal under various processing conditions. The calculated shear stresses of polymer melts based on dielectrostriction signals were validated by agreement with simulation predictions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
<title>Discrete Actuator Deformable Mirror</title> (1979)

A discrete actuator deformable surface device, which provides as much as 12 μm of surface deformation using ± 1 KV, has been developed at Itek. The discrete actuator device, made from bonded layers of piezoelectric disks, has been continuously exercised for a period of several hundred hours. No change in surface figure was observed, even using a dilatation level of 6 microns. By employing both optical and electrical techniques, the fundamental mechanical resonance has been measured and found to depend upon the boundary condition in a complicated manner.
A Novel Signal Separation Algorithm for Wideband Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Networks (2010)

In cognitive radio networks, since any cognitive terminal can access the wideband frequency spectrum, interference from hostile terminals can be hard to detect and eliminate. Since such interference are supposedly wideband compared to other signals, it would be difficult to avoid them. In order to handle hostile terminal interference, signal spectrum sensing and separation is a promising approach that allows the application of proper strategies against hostile terminals. In this paper, we propose a novel signal separation algorithm for spectrum sensing and signal separation, which locates and separates signals occupying the wideband frequency spectrum. The proposed algorithm consists of two steps: 1) wavelet edge detection algorithm is adopted to locate the signal spectrum edge; 2) wideband signal separation approach deals with signal separation and recovery. The analytical results indicate that this novel spectrum sensing algorithm is able to separate wideband signals accurately. Simulation results show that occupying signals can be successfully separated and recovered from wideband spectrum.
<i>Cannabis</i> through the looking glass: chemo- and enantio-selective separation of phytocannabinoids by enantioselective ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography (2017)

By using the Inverted Chirality Columns Approach (ICCA) we have developed an enantioselective UHPSFC method to determine the enantiomeric excess (ee) of (-)-Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC in medicinal marijuana (Bedrocan®). The ee was high (99.73%), but the concentration of the (+)-enantiomer (0.13<sub>5</sub>%) was not negligible, and it is worth a systematic evaluation of bioactivity.
[Establishment of promoter trapping system mediated by activator/dissociation (beta-glucuronidase) construction in rice]. (2005)

The coding region of Bar gene, the left border of Ds element, the coding region of GUS gene, the transposase of Ac element, the right border of Ds element and the promoter of Ubi gene were inserted into the T-DNA region of vector pCAMBIA1300 in turn to construct plasmid p13B. The orientations of the ubiquitons' promoter, Ac transposase and Bar are identical but opposite to that of the GUS gene (Fig.1). The plasmid p13B was then introduced into the calli of Oryza sativa subsp. japonica cv. Zhonghua 11 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transforming to trap genes in rice. Eighteen independent transgenic lines were obtained and propagated. T(2) generations of 18 independent transgenic lines were screening by herbicide (Basta) (Fig.2) and the herbicide-resistant plants obtained were analyzed by PCR (Fig.3). Ds element transposed in an inheritable manner was found in 37 plants, in which 5 plants showed GUS activity (Fig.4).
Nachwort (1953)

Können wir dazu irgend etwas tun? Das Bild, das ich von dem, was die Menschheit der Zukunft erwartet, entworfen habe, unterscheidet sich sicher sehr von den Hoffnungen optimistischer Idealisten der Vergangenheit und unserer Tage. Solche Leute können sich auf den Standpunkt stellen, es seien in der Vergangenheit viele unvorhergesehene wunderbare Dinge eingetreten und es sei müßig, Betrachtungen darüber anzustellen, was für andere wunderbare Dinge etwa im Schoße der Zukunft schlummern mögen. Sie vergessen aber, daß wir in einem ganz aus dem Rahmen fallenden Zeitalter leben, im Zeitalter der wissenschaftlichen Revolution. Ich habe es ein Goldenes Zeitalter genannt, möchte aber daran erinnern, daß der Mensch im Laufe der Geschichte die Epoche des Goldenen Zeitalters ebenso oft in die Vergangenheit wie in die Zukunft verlegt hat.
Reflective surface analysis using moiré deflectometry (1981)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text O. Kafri and A. Livnat, "Reflective surface analysis using moiré deflectometry," Appl. Opt. 20, 3098-3100 (1981) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Design and implementation of DSP based high-frequency SPWM generator (2016)

Nowadays power electronic DC/AC inverters are widely used in energy conversion and motor control application. Higher-frequency SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) waves can decrease the size of passive component in the inverter, achieving a low volume and a lightweight as needed. This paper presents a DSP based SPWM generator, which can operate at switching frequencies up to 1 MHz, thus it can meet the high switching frequency demands of modern DC/AC inverters. The proposed design is based on the HRPWM (High Resolution Pulse Width Modulation) block which is available in the TI DSP, and it is verified using the TMS320F28335 controller and a DC/AC power inverter prototype. The experimental results confirm that this SPWM generator achieves much faster switching frequency, less harmonic interference, and higher resolution of SPWM waveforms, showing a better performance compared to past design.
Synthetic fuels from eastern oil shale. Final report. [Parcho; HYTORT] (1981)

The main objectives of this study were to make a resource assessment, a mining study and a process economic evaluation of oil shale in Lewis and Fleming Counties, Kentucky. Two surface retorting processes, Paraho and HYTORT, were selected and the process and economic analyses were made for a 30,000 tons/day oil shale retorting facility. The results of this investigation are presented in this report.
Killed but Metabolically Active<i>Salmonella typhimurium:</i>Application of a New Technology to an Old Vector (2007)

Previous studies have shown that attenuated salmonellae utilized as vaccine vectors engender strong immune responses; however, balancing immunogenicity with reactogenicity remains problematic. Recent work in other bacteria has shown that photochemical treatment of DNA excision repair mutants ( Delta uvrAB) renders organisms "killed but metabolically active" (KBMA). Here, we extend this concept to Salmonella typhimurium. A strain of attenuated S. typhimurium previously evaluated in human volunteers was further deleted for uvrAB genes and designated CKS362. Photochemical treatment of CKS362 resulted in significant inactivation. These KBMA organisms were metabolically active as shown by radioactive methionine incorporation and lactate dehydrogenase activity. In mice inoculated intraperitoneally, KBMA CKS362 was markedly less reactogenic and stimulated a humoral immune equivalent to its live counterpart. Because the parental strain has previously been found to elicit strong immune responses to Salmonella antigens, we propose CKS362 as a prototype strain to test the immunogenicity of KBMA organisms in humans.
Structural Building Damage Detection with Deep Learning: Assessment of a State-of-the-Art CNN in Operational Conditions (2019)

Remotely sensed data can provide the basis for timely and efficient building damage maps that are of fundamental importance to support the response activities following disaster events. However, the generation of these maps continues to be mainly based on the manual extraction of relevant information in operational frameworks. Considering the identification of visible structural damages caused by earthquakes and explosions, several recent works have shown that Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) outperform traditional methods. However, the limited availability of publicly available image datasets depicting structural disaster damages, and the wide variety of sensors and spatial resolution used for these acquisitions (from space, aerial and UAV platforms), have limited the clarity of how these networks can effectively serve First Responder needs and emergency mapping service requirements. In this paper, an advanced CNN for visible structural damage detection is tested to shed some light on what deep learning networks can currently deliver, and its adoption in realistic operational conditions after earthquakes and explosions is critically discussed. The heterogeneous and large datasets collected by the authors covering different locations, spatial resolutions and platforms were used to assess the network performances in terms of transfer learning with specific regard to geographical transferability of the trained network to imagery acquired in different locations. The computational time needed to deliver these maps is also assessed. Results show that quality metrics are influenced by the composition of training samples used in the network. To promote their wider use, three pre-trained networks—optimized for satellite, airborne and UAV image spatial resolutions and viewing angles—are made freely available to the scientific community.
Manufacturing modeling architectures: an architecture for a generic data-driven machine shop simulator (2002)

Standard interfaces could help reduce the costs associated with simulation model construction and data exchange between simulation and other software applications -- and thus make simulation technology more affordable and accessible to a wide range of potential industrial users. Currently, small machine shops do not typically use simulation technology because of various difficulties and obstacles associated with model development and data translation. This paper provides an overview of work currently underway at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop a software architecture, standard data interfaces, and a prototype generic machine shop simulator that can be readily, reconfigured for use by a large number of small machine shops. It also reviews prior work in this area and describes future work.
Recurrent Residual Learning for Sequence Classification (2016)

In this paper, we explore the possibility of leveraging Residual Networks (ResNet), a powerful structure in constructing extremely deep neural network for image understanding, to improve recurrent neural networks (RNN) for modeling sequential data. We show that for sequence classification tasks, incorporating residual connections into recurrent structures yields similar accuracy to Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) RNN with much fewer model parameters. In addition, we propose two novel models which combine the best of both residual learning and LSTM. Experiments show that the new models significantly outperform LSTM.
Multi-Dimensional, MultiStep Negotiation for Task Allocation in a Cooperative System (2005)

We present a multi-dimensional, multi-step negotiation mechanism for task allocation among cooperative agents based on distributed search. This mechanism uses marginal utility gain and marginal utility cost to structure this search process, so as to find a solution that maximizes the agents ’ combined utility. These two utility values together with temporal constraints summarize the agents ’ local information and reduce the communication load. This mechanism is anytime in character: by investing more time, the agents increase the likelihood of getting a better solution. We also introduce a multiple attribute utility function into negotiations. This allows agents to negotiate over the multiple attributes of the commitment, which produces more options, making it more likely for agents to find a solution that increases the global utility. A set of protocols are constructed and the experimental result shows a phase transition phenomenon as the complexity of negotiation situation changes. A measure of negotiation complexity is developed that can be used by an agent to choose an appropriate protocol, allowing the agents to explicitly balance the gain from the negotiation and the resource usage of the negotiation.
<title>Context-dependent distribution shaping and parameterization for lossless image compression</title> (1994)

An algorithm class called CaTH (centering and tail handling) is described that is based on predictive coding followed by adaptive binary arithmetic coding. CaTH treats the prediction errors close to zero (i.e., near the center of the error distribution) in a more precise manner than the errors of the `tails' (i.e., errors far from zero). The context model uses error buckets (quantized ranges) of prediction errors. The probability model for the prediction errors uses a histogram for the center. A variety of ways to binarize the tails are studied. The results on the suite of JPEG test images are very encouraging.
Doping superlattices (1979)

The MBE technique has made feasible the growth of periodic semiconductor structures composed of ultrathin layers with alternating p- and n-doping. This kind of superlattice, in contrast to familiar heterostructure systems, does not contain any interfaces, and, therefore, does not show the problems related to those. Doping superlattices, on the contrary, are crystallographically only slightly perturbed by a relatively small amount of dopants (typically 1017 to 1019 cm−3 for the most interesting range). The periodic potential in this type of superlattice is due to the electrostatic potential of fixed ionized impurities, which may be partly compensated by mobile electrons and holes confined to the n- and p-doped layers, respectively. In addition to the features related to the subband formation as known from heterostructure superlattices, crystals with doping superstructure show intriguing pecularities which originate from the fact that electron and hole states are more or less separated from each other in local space. As a first consequence the electron and hole concentration in the crystal can be varied within a wide range either by optical excitation or by carrier injection or extraction via appropriate lateral electrodes. By the internal space charge fields the electrons and holes are always collected in the n- and p-layers, respectively. At sufficiently large superlattice period and low temperatures even large deviations from the equilibrium electron and hole concentration are quasistable. Secondly, the amplitude of the periodic potential, which may amount up to more than half of the energy gap of the pure semiconductor in the ground state, is gradually reduced with increasing carrier concentration by compensation of ionized impurity charges. As a consequence, a semiconductor with doping superstructure, in fact, represents a crystal with variable band gap and with variable carrier concentration. These unique features open a new field for both scientific research and device application. By appropriate choice of doping concentration and superlattice period, for instance, one may ’’design’’ crystals in which the conductivity parallel to the doping layers for both types of carriers may be modulated from zero up to typical values for low resistivity semiconductors (field effect transistor as a bulk device!) crystals with variable optical absorption coefficient for h/ω&lt; and ≳Eg, or with variable photo- or electroluminescence frequency and intensity (tunable infrared laser with the whole bulk as active material and with low threshold intensity), and many kinds of other crystals with unusual properties.
Existence of symplectic surfaces (2005)

In this paper we show that every degree 2 homology class of a 2n-dimensional symplectic manifold is represented by an immersed symplectic surface if it has positive symplectic area. Moreover, the sym- plectic surface can be chosen to be embedded if 2n is at least 6. We also analyze the additional conditions under which embedded symplectic rep- resentatives exist in dimension 4.
Effects of balance training in elderly people with nonperipheral vertigo and unsteadiness (2001)

Balance training in elderly people with nonperipheral vertigo and unsteadiness seems to improve both objective and perceived balance.
Phase I Study of E1040, a New Parenteral Cephem Antibiotic (1989)

The safety and pharmacokinetics of E1040, a new injectable cephem antibiotic, were evaluated in healthy volunteers. In single-dose studies, 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg of E1040 were administered by I.V. infusion over 1 hour. Results of 5 minutes I.V. infusions of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg of the drug were also studied. Plasma concentration-time profiles were well suited to a two-compartment open model. The half-life of elimination from plasma was 1.85 +/- 0.16 hours, and the Cmax and AUC paralleled the doses given. The mean urinary recovery within the first 24 hours was 85.7 +/- 6.43% of the dose. In a multiple-dose study, 2000 mg of E1040 (I.V. over 1 hour) was administered every 12 hours (total 9 times) and no abnormal accumulation of the drug in plasma was observed. There were no significant differences in plasma levels or in urinary recoveries between single- and multiple-dose regimens. There were no subjective or objective abnormal findings definitely attributable to the drug except that one subject given 250 mg over 1 hour reported diarrhea, and another complained of nausea during the infusion of 2000 mg over 5 minutes. From these results E1040 was concluded to be safe and well tolerated.
Glassy dynamics of gelatin gels (2010)

We measure the elasticity of thermoreversible gelatin gels during slow cool and heat cycles, with and without stops. The responses are measures of the system energy, since elasticity is a function of the helix fraction, which quantifies the system's order. They show the same memory and rejuvenation effects as magnetic spin glasses. At constant temperature, all gels reach an aging regime, where their responses decrease linearly in log(time), like many other glassy systems. Complex memory effects occur after temperature jumps. We suggest that the parallels between gelatin gels and other glassy systems are due to their temperature-dependent, rugged, hierarchical energy landscapes. Gelatin gels act rather like “colloidal spin glasses”. However, unlike magnetic spin glasses, their size and time scales should allow experimental measurement of the relation between mesoscopic dynamics and macroscopic behaviour.