gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Thyromimetics Using Receptor and Tissue Selectivity Approaches: Prospects for Dyslipidemia (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTSelective Thyromimetics Using Receptor and Tissue Selectivity Approaches: Prospects for DyslipidemiaAmit A. Joharapurkar*, Vipin V. Dhote, and Mukul R. JainView Author Information Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej Bavla NH 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India*Phone: +91-2717-665555. Fax: +91-2717-665555. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 12, 5649–5675Publication Date (Web):April 18, 2012Publication History Received19 April 2011Published online1 May 2012Published inissue 28 June 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm2004706https://doi.org/10.1021/jm2004706review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1962Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Cholesterol,Ligands,Receptors,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
An Unusual Defective Genotype Derived from Herpes Simplex Virus Strain ANG (1975)

A defective genotype of herpes simplex virus strain Angelotti (HSV ANG) accumulates in the course of controlled serial high MOI virus passages representing 50-60% of the total number of mature virions in the seventh of these passages. Defective HSV ANG significantly differs from other defective HSV genotypes described so far: the DNA of the defective particles has the same buoyant density as nondefective DNA. In contrast to non-defective HSV ANG DNA, it is not attacked by the restriction endonucleases Eco R I, Hpa I and Hind III. Defective virions strongly suppress the formation of progeny virus. They do not interfere, however, with the synthesis of HSV-specified thymidine (TdR) kinase.
Characterization of functionalized calcium carbonate as a new pharmaceutical excipient (2014)

Excipients are indispensable functional components, which are used to develop innovative, robust,\nand reproducible formulations with good patient compliance due to optimized plasma concentrations\nand less side effects. Nowadays, new excipients have to show a multifunctionality in order to\nbe used for unique applications that are not feasible with existing excipients. This multifunctionality\ncan be achieved by co-processing excipients, where undesirable properties of an excipient are\nmasked, favorable attributes are retained, and new properties supplement the substance.\nThe main aim of this thesis was to map the applicability of such a co-processed novel excipient,\nFCC, in the field of pharmaceutical technology.\nThe results of the mechanistic study showed that the attributes of FCC present a striking success\nin the field of excipient research. FCC-based tablet formulations had mechanical properties equal\nor superior to those of conventionally used excipients such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC),\nmannitol, or calcium carbonate. FCC tablets with high tensile strength and high porosity were\nobtained already at low compressive pressures. The key factor for the outstanding performance\nof FCC was the lamellar structure of the particle, which formed a porous meshwork (intraparticle\nporosity), resulting in a high specific surface area available for particle bonding.\nThe limitations of poor flowability and high bulk density of FCC powder during direct compression\nwere overcome by granulation. FCC granules prepared by roller compaction showed excellent\nflowability and reduced bulk volume, whereas all the outstanding properties of the powder, such as\ncompactability and compressibility, were preserved. The dry granulation process converted FCC\ninto a suitable form for scale-up processes on high-throughput tablet presses. Roller compaction is\nthe process of choice if porosity and high surface area of FCC particles have to be preserved during\ngranulation process.\nOn the examplary model of direct compressed ODTs, the applicability of FCC was investigated.\nODTs containing FCC were produced by direct compression. Owing to the lamellar structure, FCC\nwas able to overcome the limitation of insufficient hardness during the production of highly porous\nODTs. These findings could revolutionize the production of ODTs and hence open up new vistas.\nTo protect the valuable findings, a patent was applied for the production of ODTs made of FCC.\nThe characterization of co-processed FCC revealed a promising new pharmaceutical excipient with a\nbroad range of applicability. Applicability of FCC seems to be of particular interest for formulations\nthat are characterized by high porosity, high tensile strength, or both. This is the case, amongst\nothers, for ODTs, carriers, adsorbents, floating tablets, effervescent tablets, controlled-released\nformulations, ultra hard tablet (UHT), and cushioning agents.
A 27 MHz current source interstitial hyperthermia system for small animals (1995)

Temperature distribution is an important factor in thermo-radiotherapy and it is greatly dependent on the applied heating technique. Consistency of the heating method is therefore important in translating in vivo experimental data to the clinical situation. To further evaluate the combination of interstitial hyperthermia and interstitial radiotherapy, an experimental interstitial hyperthermia system has been developed for small (500-2000 mm3) tumours growing in the flank of a rat. The system used reproduces the properties of our clinical current source interstitial hyperthermia system. The heating system consists of four applicators, each with independent tuning and power control. The applicators are situated inside plastic afterloading catheters and are capacitively coupled with the surrounding tissue. The tumour is heated through dissipation of a 27 MHz current flowing to an external ground plane. An effective RF-filter allows reliable thermocouple temperature measurements when the power is switched on. The tumour temperature is easily controlled by means of a continuous temperature read-out and a clear temperature display. A minimum temperature up to 46 degrees C can be reached within 4-10 min and maintained (+/-0.5 degrees C) throughout the treatment period. Modelling calculations performed for this heating system indicate that the applicator temperatures should be kept equal in order to minimize the difference between maximum and minimum temperature. Significantly higher applicator currents are needed at larger distances from the ground plane. In addition, the homogeneity of the temperature distribution is improved when either the tumour is isolated or when the environmental temperature is increased. The calculations also show that temperature distribution is strongly dependent on effective heat conductivity. A description of the system and its performance is presented.
Unique properties of Cd-binding peptides induced in fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (1986)

Metallothioneins, a class of low molecular weight cysteine-rich proteins that bind heavy metal ions, have been found in various eucaryotic organisms. When fission yeasts are grown in the presence of high concentration of CdCl2, large amounts of Cd-binding peptides (Cd-BP1 and Cd-BP2) are synthesized. Cd-BP1 (MW 4000) contains 4 mole of small unit peptide (cadystin, MW 771), 6 mole of Cd2+, and 1 mole of the labile sulfide; on the other hand, Cd-BP2 (MW 1800) contains 2 mole of cadystin and 2 mole of Cd2+. While Cd-BP2 shows similarities to mammalian Cd-thioneins in UV and CD spectra, Cd-BP1 has a characteristic shoulder at 265 nm in the UV absorption spectrum and shows two marked Cotton bands at 257 nm (negative) and 275 nm (positive). These characteristics of Cd-BP1 are not found in the other Cd-thioneins. When Cd-BP1 is acidified (pH 2.0) and successively neutralized, a shoulder of 265 nm in the UV spectrum and a Cotton band at 275 nm disappear, and the molecular weight changes from 4000 to 1800, with simultaneous loss of the labile sulfide. While the reconstituted complex without labile sulfide showed the characteristics of Cd-BP2, the reconstituted complex in the presence of labile sulfide indicated partial reconstitution of Cd-BP1. The UV and CD spectra differences between reconstituted and native Cd-BP1 suggest the requirement for some additional molecular architecture including another peptide-Cd2+ interaction. Induction of cadystin synthesis is almost exclusive for Cd, but an exception is a small amount of cadystin also induced by the higher concentration of CuCl2 (2.5 mM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The effect of freezing on soil moisture and on evaporation from a bare soil (1946)

This paper reports the effect of soil freezing on the moisture distribution in the profile of a soil kept bare of vegetation. From successive soil‐moisture samplings and by means of regression analysis of freezing and concomitant climatic data, the effect of soil freezing on surface soil moisture and on evaporation from the bare soil were obtained. Evaporation rates from the bare soil during freezing periods are compared with those from brush‐covered soil during the same periods, with those from bare soil during similar nonfreezing periods, with those from a free water surface during the same periods, and with the calculated values for the same periods. Freezing of the bare soil caused the surface to become and remain wet, and greatly increased evaporation.
Blind Image Quality Assessment Model Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network (2018)

As learning-based models become predominant in image processing field, especially in image classification and object detection, image quality assessment (IQA) has been a hot issue since the quality of train images is of great importance fro model performance. This paper proposes a novel blind IQA model evolved from VGG-16 [1], a state-of-the-art classification deep convolutional neural network(CNN). It modifies the classification network to apply it to regression task by keeping only one neuron in the last fully-connected layer, the output of which is considered as the quality assessment metric after being normalized to a score between 0 and 1 via Sigmoid function. And experimental results demonstrate that this model achieves a superb assessment performance on TID-2013 dataset [2].
Physical activity in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome (2007)

Randomised controlled trials have shown that exercise training has a mild or moderate favourable effect on many metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors that constitute or are related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Epidemiological studies suggest that regular physical activity prevents type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality in large part through these risk factors. Although randomized controlled trials with the prevention or treatment of the MetS as the main outcome have not been published, several large randomized controlled trials provide strong evidence that favourable lifestyle changes, including regular physical activity, are effective in the prevention of type 2 diabetes in individuals who are overweight and have impaired glucose tolerance. Compliance with the current recommendations to increase the total volume of moderate-intensity physical activity and to maintain good cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness appears to markedly decrease the likelihood of developing the MetS, especially in high-risk groups. Walking is the most common form of physical activity--it improves health in many ways and is generally safe. Therefore, brisk walking for at least 30 min daily can be recommended as the principal form of physical activity at the population level. If there are no contraindications, more vigorous physical exercise or resistance training should also be considered to obtain additional health benefits. Unstructured and low-intensity physical activity may also decrease the likelihood of developing the MetS, especially when substituted for sedentary behaviours such as watching television. The measurement of maximal oxygen consumption may provide an efficient means to target even individuals with relatively few metabolic risk factors who may benefit from more intensive intervention.
Hypothesis linking the noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems in depression (1995)

Abstract A hypothesis is presented that attempts to describe the mechanism by which noradrenergic neurons in the brain influence dopaminergic neurons to produce behavioral changes seen in depression. The historical background pointing to a norepinephrine (NE)‐dopamine (DA) interaction in depression is described. This interaction is suggested by numerous observations indicating that whereas NE is important in therapy and pathogenesis of depression, basic research implicates DA in depression‐related behavioral responses (motor activity changes, hedonic response) much more so than NE. The hypothesized NE‐DA interaction is introduced in relation to an animal model (stress‐induced behavioral depression) that has traced depressive symptomatology to abnormal activity (hyperresponsivity) of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. Based on recent data by Grenhoff et al. (1993; J Neural Transm 93:11–25), it is suggested that the augmented burst firing of LC neurons found in behavioral depression releases galanin from LC axon terminals, and this inhibits (hyper‐polarizes) DA neurons in the ventral tegmentum (VTA) to mediate depression‐related behavioral changes. Initial results showing that microinfusion of galanin into the VTA decreases spontaneous and swim‐test motor activity of animals are described. Depression 3:225–245 (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An empirical study on reducing omission errors in practice (2014)

Since studies based on mining software repositories sparked interests in the field of guiding software changes, many change recommendation techniques have been proposed to reduce omission errors. While these techniques only used existing software commit data sets to evaluate their effectiveness, we use the data set of supplementary patches which correct initial incomplete patches to investigate how much actual omission errors could be prevented in practice. We find that while a single trait is inadequate, combining multiple traits is limited as well for predicting supplementary change locations. Neither does a boosting approach improve accuracy significantly, nor filtering based on developer or package specific information necessarily improves the accuracy. Developers rarely repeat the same mistakes, making the potential value of history-based change prediction less promising. We share our skepticism that omission errors are hard to prevent in practice based on a systematic evaluation of a supplementary patch data set.
Quantum capacitance-limited MoS<sub>2</sub>biosensors enable remote label-free enzyme measurements (2019)

We have demonstrated atomically thin, quantum capacitance-limited, field-effect transistors (FETs) that enable the detection of pH changes with 75-fold higher sensitivity (≈4.4 V per pH) over the Nernst value of 59 mV per pH at room temperature when used as a biosensor. The transistors, which are fabricated from monolayer films of MoS<sub>2</sub>, use a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) in place of a conventional oxide gate dielectric and exhibit very low intrinsic noise resulting in a pH resolution of 92 × 10<sup>-6</sup> at 10 Hz. This high device performance, which is a function of the structure of our device, is achieved by remotely connecting the gate to a pH sensing element allowing the FETs to be reused. Because pH measurements are fundamentally important in biotechnology, the increased resolution demonstrated here will benefit numerous applications ranging from pharmaceutical manufacturing to clinical diagnostics. As an example, we experimentally quantified the function of the kinase Cdk5, an enzyme implicated in Alzheimer's disease, at concentrations that are 5-fold lower than physiological values, and with sufficient time-resolution to allow the estimation of both steady-state and kinetic parameters in a single experiment. The high sensitivity, increased resolution, and fast turnaround time of the measurements will allow the development of early diagnostic tools and novel therapeutics to detect and treat neurological conditions years before currently possible.
Foamed Plastics (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Production 2.1. Principles 2.2. Blowing Agents 2.3. Additives 3. Properties 4. Specific Foamed Plastics 4.1. Polyolefin (PO) Foams 4.1.1. Low‐Density Polyolefin Foams (25 ‐ 250 kg/m 3 ) 4.1.2. High‐Density Polyolefin Foams (250 ‐ 700 kg/m 3 ) 4.2. Polystyrene (PS) Foams 4.2.1. Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) Foams 4.2.2. Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Foams 4.2.3. Structural Polystyrene Foams 4.3. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Foams 4.3.1. Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Foams 4.3.2. Flexible Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Foams 4.4. Foams from Phenol‐Formaldehyde (PF) Resins 4.5. Foams from Urea‐Formaldehyde (UF) Resins 4.6. Foams from Melamine‐Formaldehyde (MF) Resins 4.7. Silicone (SI) Foams 4.8. Epoxy (EP) Foams 4.9. Polyimide (PI) Foams 4.10. Polymethacrylimide (PMI) Foams 4.11. Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Foams 4.12. Polyamide (PA) Foams 4.13. Poly(Phenylene Oxide) (PPE) Foams 4.14. Polysulfone (PSU) Foams 4.15. Polycarbonate (PC) Foams 5. Testing 5.1. Mechanical Properties 5.1.1. Rigid Foams 5.1.2. Flexible Foams 5.2. Thermal Properties 5.3. Miscellaneous Properties 6. Economic Aspects 7. Toxicology and Environmental Aspects
Managing overall equipment effectiveness [OEE] to optimize factory performance (2002)

Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) is the key metric of total productive manufacturing (TPM). OEE monitors the actual performance of a tool relative to its performance capabilities under optimal manufacturing conditions. OEE looks at the entire manufacturing environment measuring, not only the equipment availability, but also, the production efficiency while the equipment is available to run product, as well as the efficiency loss that results from scrap, rework, and yield losses. Analysis of the equipment effectiveness loss mechanisms provides the user with improvement opportunities for the operation. This paper focuses on the use of OEE and major equipment loss analysis to optimize the performance of constraint tools at Fairchild Semiconductor, South Portland, Maine. Factory modeling is a key element of the OEE management process, defining the equipment and process capabilities at the workstation (micro) level, then identifying constraint tools and OEE performance requirements through macro level factory capacity modeling. Also discussed in this paper, is the SEMI productivity metrics standard proposal which defines OEE and loss analysis methods which are consistent with SEMI E10-96 concepts.
Edge Viewing Photodetectors for Strictly In-plane Lightwave Circuit Integration and Flexible Optical Interconnects (2006)

We have developed a parallel process for the cost effective fabrication of active lightwave circuits and optical transceivers. In this novel process no out-of-plane beam turning components (mirrors or lenses) are used and light never leaves the waveguide except at the photodetector.
CD133 initiates tumors, induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increases metastasis in pancreatic cancer (2015)

CD133 has been implicated as a cancer stem cell (CSC) surface marker in several malignancies including pancreatic cancer. However, the functional role of this surface glycoprotein in the cancer stem cell remains elusive. In this study, we determined that CD133 overexpression induced "stemness" properties in MIA-PaCa2 cells along with increased tumorigenicity, tumor progression, and metastasis in vivo. Additionally, CD133 expression induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased in vitro invasion. EMT induction and increased invasiveness were mediated by NF-κB activation, as inhibition of NF-κB mitigated these effects. This study showed that CD133 expression contributes to pancreatic cancer "stemness," tumorigenicity, EMT induction, invasion, and metastasis.
Ziegler-Natta catalysis. A theoretical study of the isotactic polymerization of propylene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZiegler-Natta catalysis. A theoretical study of the isotactic polymerization of propyleneL. A. Castonguay and A. K. RappeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 14, 5832–5842Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00040a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00040a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1402Altmetric-Citations232LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Mammalian HSF4Gene Generates Both an Activator and a Repressor of Heat Shock Genes by Alternative Splicing (1999)

The expression of heat shock genes is controlled at the level of transcription by members of the heat shock transcription factor family in vertebrates. HSF4 is a mammalian factor characterized by its lack of a suppression domain that modulates formation of DNA-binding homotrimer. Here, we have determined the exon structure of the human HSF4 gene and identified a major new isoform, HSF4b, derived by alternative RNA splicing events, in addition to a previously reported HSF4a isoform. In mouse tissues HSF4b mRNA was more abundant than HSF4a as examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and its protein was detected in the brain and lung. Although both mouse HSF4a and HSF4b form trimers in the absence of stress, these two isoforms exhibit different transcriptional activity; HSF4a acts as an inhibitor of the constitutive expression of heat shock genes, and hHSF4b acts as a transcriptional activator. Furthermore HSF4b but not HSF4a complements the viability defect of yeast cells lacking HSF. Moreover, heat shock and other stresses stimulate transcription of target genes by HSF4b in both yeast and mammalian cells. These results suggest that differential splicing of HSF4 mRNA gives rise to both an inhibitor and activator of tissue-specific heat shock gene expression.