gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multivariate dynamic data modeling for analysis and statistical process control of batch processes, start‐ups and grade transitions (2003)

Abstract There has been a lot of research activity in the area of batch process analysis and monitoring for abnormal situation detection since the pioneer work of Nomikos and MacGregor []. However, some of the key ideas and the thought process that led to those first papers have been forgotten. Batch process data are dynamic data. The whole philosophy of looking at batch process data with latent variables was developed because batch process variables are both autocorrelated and cross‐correlated. Statistical process control by definition checks deviations from a nominal behavior (a target). Therefore for statistical process control of batch processes we should look at deviations of process variable trajectories from their nominal trajectories and from their nominal auto/cross‐correlations. An added advantage to modeling the deviations from the target trajectory is that a non‐linear problem is converted to a linear one that it is easy to tackle with linear latent variable methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). This paper first takes a critical look at the true nature of batch process data. The general case where variables are not present during the entire duration of the batch is addressed. It is then illustrated how proper centering (by taking the deviations from the target trajectory) can retain valuable information on auto‐ and cross‐correlation of the process variables. This auto‐ and cross‐correlation is only modeled with a certain types of models. Topics such as scaling and trajectory alignment are revisited and issues arising when using the indicator variable approach are addressed. The development of control charts for multiblock, multiway PCA/PLS is discussed. Practical issues related to applications in industry are addressed. Then some of the methods that have appeared in the literature are examined as to their assumptions, their advantages and disadvantages and their range of applicability. Finally the nature of transition data (start‐ups, grade transitions) is discussed and issues related to aligning, centering and scaling such types of data are presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CrAlTiCN Multilayer Films by Magnetron Sputtering Ion Plating (2011)

CrAlTiCN multilayer films have been prepared by closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering technology using graphite target as the C supplier. TEM observation results show that the CrAlTiCN films have a clear multilayer structure with the modulate periods changed with the current of graphite target. The higher the current of graphite target, the thicker the periodical thickness of multilayer film. The microstructure of CrAlTiCN films is that the (Cr,Al,Ti)N/amorphous carbon multilayer where (Cr,Al,Ti)N layer and amorphous carbon layer appeared interval, the volume fraction of the amorphous carbon increased with the increasing current of graphite target. Measurement results showed that the CrAlTiCN multilayer films have high microhardness and low friction coefficient. Based on the relationship of the microstructure and properties of films, the multilayer structure and fine grain size of (Cr,Al,Ti)N phase are responsible for their excellent mechanical properties. The good tribological properties are attributed to the amorphous carbon phase (sp 2 C-C).
Synthesis of a stable complex of a macrocycle and a threaded chain (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of a stable complex of a macrocycle and a threaded chainIan Thomas. Harrison and Shuyen. HarrisonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 22, 5723–5724Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00998a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00998a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3875Altmetric-Citations314LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experiments on the synthesis and testability of non-scan finite state machines (1992)

Synthesis of testable sequential circuits has been proposed as an alternative to scan design methodologies. A number of synthesis procedures have been proposed to eliminate some or all combinational redundancies (CRs) and sequential redundancies (SRs). The latter are in principle the harder to detect and remove. Experiments on single-stuck fault testability of finite state machines (FSMs) implemented with different synthesis tools have been carried out. The benchmark suite included MCNC and ISCAS circuits as well as industrial examples from Siemens. The experiments showed that SRs requiring intensive CPU time and memory space to be detected occur very seldom. Single-stuck fault coverage obtained by state-of-the-art synthesis and test generation algorithms is >99% for non-scan FSMs with up to about 100 states. >
Detection of exhaled hydrogen sulphide gas in rats exposed to intravenous sodium sulphide (2009)

This method has shown that significant amounts of H(2)S are exhaled in rats during sodium sulphide infusions, and the amount exhaled can be modulated by various pharmacological interventions.
Training Generative Adversarial Networks with Limited Data (2020)

Training generative adversarial networks (GAN) using too little data typically leads to discriminator overfitting, causing training to diverge. We propose an adaptive discriminator augmentation mechanism that significantly stabilizes training in limited data regimes. The approach does not require changes to loss functions or network architectures, and is applicable both when training from scratch and when fine-tuning an existing GAN on another dataset. We demonstrate, on several datasets, that good results are now possible using only a few thousand training images, often matching StyleGAN2 results with an order of magnitude fewer images. We expect this to open up new application domains for GANs. We also find that the widely used CIFAR-10 is, in fact, a limited data benchmark, and improve the record FID from 5.59 to 2.42.
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense treatment downregulates the viability of prostate cancer cells in vitro (2001)

Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein complex is activated in the vast majority of human malignancies, including prostate cancer. Its inhibition is a putative way to affect cancer proliferation and might be used in the therapy of tumors. We analysed the influence of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PTO) against the reverse transcriptase subunit of telomerase on prostate cancer cell viability, telomerase activity and telomere length. DU145 prostate cancer cells were cultivated in PTO containing medium. The PTO-incorporation was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell viability was measured by a WST-1 tetrazolium assay. After 15 days of antisense PTO treatment, a significant inhibition of cell viability occurred. Telomerase activity was determined by a telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay and telomere length by Southern blot analysis. Since the long-term telomerase antisense treatment reduces the viability of prostate cancer cells significantly, this antisense approach could be a new therapeutic strategy to treat patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Identification of Aminothienopyridazine Inhibitors of Tau Assembly by Quantitative High-Throughput Screening (2009)

Inclusions comprised of fibrils of the microtubule- (MT-) associated protein tau are found in the brains of those with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative tauopathies. The pathology that is observed in these diseases is believed to result from the formation of toxic tau oligomers or fibrils and/or from the loss of normal tau function due to its sequestration into insoluble deposits. Hence, small molecules that prevent tau oligomerization and/or fibrillization might have therapeutic value. Indeed, examples of such compounds have been published, but nearly all have properties that render them unsuitable as drug candidates. For these reasons, we conducted quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) of approximately 292000 compounds to identify drug-like inhibitors of tau assembly. The fibrillization of a truncated tau fragment that contains four MT-binding domains was monitored in an assay that employed complementary thioflavin T fluorescence and fluorescence polarization methods. Previously described classes of inhibitors as well as new scaffolds were identified, including novel aminothienopyridazines (ATPZs). A number of ATPZ analogues were synthesized, and structure-activity relationships were defined. Further characterization of representative ATPZ compounds showed they do not interfere with tau-mediated MT assembly, and they are significantly more effective at preventing the fibrillization of tau than the Abeta(1-42) peptide which forms AD senile plaques. Thus, the ATPZ molecules described here represent a novel class of tau assembly inhibitors that merit further development for testing in animal models of AD-like tau pathology.
New Names in Papaver Section Meconella (Papaveraceae) (1995)

Rarnlel (1977: 437) determined that the specimens from Alaska and Yukon represented a taxon (listinct from the Asiatic material she had studied. She proposed Papaver nudicaule subsp. americanurn, for which she supplied a diagnosis but failed to select a type as required by Article 37.1 (Greuter et al., 1994). As holotype I have chosen a specimen complete with leaves, flowers, and fruits, which Rindel had seen and annotated as subspecies
Toll-like receptors 9 and 3 as essential components of innate immune defense against mouse cytomegalovirus infection (2004)

Several subsets of dendritic cells have been shown to produce type I IFN in response to viral infections, thereby assisting the natural killer cell-dependent response that eliminates the pathogen. Type I IFN production can be induced both by unmethylated CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide and by double-stranded RNA. Here, we describe a codominant CpG-ODN unresponsive phenotype that results from an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced missense mutation in the Tlr9 gene (Tlr9(CpG1)). Mice homozygous for the Tlr9(CpG1) allele are highly susceptible to mouse cytomegalovirus infection and show impaired infection-induced secretion of IFN-alpha/beta and natural killer cell activation. We also demonstrate that both the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 --> MyD88 and TLR3 --> Trif signaling pathways are activated in vivo on viral inoculation, and that each pathway contributes to innate defense against systemic viral infection. Whereas both pathways lead to type I IFN production, neither pathway offers full protection against mouse cytomegalovirus infection in the absence of the other. The Tlr9(CpG1) mutation alters a leucine-rich repeat motif and lies within a receptor domain that is conserved within the evolutionary cluster encompassing TLRs 7, 8, and 9. In other TLRs, including three mouse-specific TLRs described in this paper, the affected region is not represented. The phenotypic effect of the Tlr9(CpG1) allele thus points to a critical role for TLR9 in viral sensing and identifies a vulnerable amino acid within the ectodomain of three TLR proteins, essential for a ligand response.
New method for fast MR imaging of the knee. (1989)

Thirty-five patients with suspected internal derangements of the knee were examined with conventional two-dimensional (2D) spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques and a new rapid three-dimensional (3D) method called 3D FASTER (field echo acquisition with a short repetition time and echo reduction). A 9-minute 3D FASTER data acquisition achieves nearly isotropic voxels for the calculation of any desired image plane without a significant loss in image quality. Image contrast is optimized for visualization of knee anatomy in a single sequence. An image-processing workstation is used to speed the multiplanar image calculation and display for more efficient analysis of the complex 3D data set. The 3D FASTER images were superior or equal to 2D images (which took three times longer to acquire) in demonstrating meniscal tears, ligament tears, bone marrow disease, and osteochondral defects. The combined advantages of improved imaging capability and efficiency could make 3D FASTER imaging a routine MR method for knee imaging.
The Formation of Tin-Nitrogen Bonds. V. The Selective 1-Substitution Reaction of Tetrazoles by the Reaction of 5-Substituted 2-(Tri-<i>n</i>-butylstannyl)tetrazoles with Methyl Iodide, Methyl <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonate, Dimethyl Sulfate, and Ethyl Bromoacetate (1973)

Abstract The selective 1-substitution reaction of tetrazole was developed by the treatment of 5-substituted 2-(tri-n-butylstannyl)tetrazoles with methyl iodide, methyl p-toluenesulfonate, dimethyl sulfate, or ethyl bromoacetate at room temperature. This selectivity was introduced by blocking the 2-nitrogen with the tri-n-butyltin group against the 2-substitution. In the case of 5-substituted 2-(trimethylstannyl)tetrazoles, a low selectivity was observed. The possible reaction pathways have been discussed.
Single-dose pharmacokinetics of amphetamine extended-release tablets compared with amphetamine extended-release oral suspension (2020)

Single doses of AMPH ER TAB for both d- and l-amphetamine demonstrated comparable bioavailability to a 20 mg dose of AMPH EROS, 2.5 mg/mL under fasted conditions when chewed and swallowed whole, and demonstrated equivalent peak and overall exposure without apparent food effect. AMPH ER TAB was well-tolerated and consistent with adverse events noted in other amphetamine formulations.
Overexpression of the ITGAV gene is associated with progression and spread of colorectal cancer. (2014)

The overexpression of ITGAV gene was associated with higher progression and spread of CRC via perineural invasion.
A generic persistent object store (1992)

Persistent programming systems have demonstrated the benefits of abstracting over the implementation details related to the storage and manipulation of long-term data. In particular, programming systems in which persistence is provided as an orthogonal property of all data types have been used to produce cost-effective implementations of applications such as integrated programming support environments. In this paper, we describe a generic architecture that supports persistent programming. In particular, the provision of an object store is highlighted, outlining its design aims and resultant structure. The application of the architecture in a wide variety of programming paradigms is reported.
Coaxial continuous transverse stub (CTS) array (2001)

A new coaxial continuous transverse stub (CTS) array is proposed, designed, constructed, and tested. It is an omni-directional low cost antenna array which provides good impedance matching characteristics and good tolerance to manufacturing errors. It can be simply fed by a coaxial connector and is particularly suitable for millimeter wave personal communication systems (PCS). It is shown that this type of radiating element provides high percentage of radiation, and for the simulated design of single- and multiple-element arrays, S/sub 11/ was below -10 dB across a 6 GHz frequency span at the Ka band. A three-element prototype coaxial CTS antenna array was designed, constructed, and tested in the X-band. Experimental results were in good agreement with the simulated performance. Potential application of this new antenna array in multiband operation is also described.
A novel plant code optimization phosphomannose isomerase (pPMI) and its application in rice (Oryza sativa L.) transformation as selective marker. (2015)

The phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) gene has been developed as selective marker gene for plant transformation. This positive selection system does not use toxic compounds such as antibiotics or herbicides. In this study, we used PMI effectively and safely. The original nucleotide sequence of PMI was codon optimized as rice (Oryza sativa L.) synonymous codon usage bias. The nucleotides in the PMI were optimized according to the preferred codons in rice. This plant code optimized phosphomannose isomerase (pPMI) has higher GC content (61.31%), especially GC content at the third position in a codon (83.42%). The vectors harboring pPMI and PMI were transferred into rice by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. There were higher transformation frequency (54.5%) and single copy rate (44.5%) using pPMI as selective marker than PMI. This work showed that pPMI could be a suitable substitution for PMI in production of transgenic crops. Moreover, pPMI could be used in gene editing technology for higher transformation frequency and safety.
The beta calibration of radiation survey instruments at protection levels (1972)

Beta ray dose rates at protection levels from sources of 90Sr+90Y, 204Tl and 147Pm have been measured in units of 'millirads in air per hour' with a statistical uncertainty of +or-2% or less, and an estimated uncertainty of +or-4% or less, using a specially designed thin-walled, parallel-plate ionization chamber. The measured dose rates from these sources have been used to calibrate two different types of survey instrument, and end-window Geiger-Muller monitor and a large volume ionization chamber monitor, with a statistical uncertainty of +or-6% or less, and an estimated uncertainty of +or-9% or less.
Analyzing the Relationship Between Organic and Sponsored Search Advertising: Positive, Negative, or Zero Interdependence? (2010)

The phenomenon of paid search advertising has now become the most predominant form of online advertising in the marketing world. However, we have little understanding of the impact of search engine advertising on consumers' responses in the presence of organic listings of the same firms. In this paper, we model and estimate the interrelationship between organic search listings and paid search advertisements. We use a unique panel data set based on aggregate consumer response to several hundred keywords over a three-month period collected from a major nationwide retailer store chain that advertises on Google. In particular, we focus on understanding whether the presence of organic listings on a search engine is associated with a positive, a negative, or no effect on the click-through rates of paid search advertisements, and vice versa for a given firm. We first build an integrated model to estimate the relationship between different metrics such as search volume, click-through rates, conversion rates, cost per click, and keyword ranks. A hierarchical Bayesian modeling framework is used and the model is estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Our empirical findings suggest that click-throughs on organic listings have a positive interdependence with click-throughs on paid listings, and vice versa. We also find that this positive interdependence is asymmetric such that the impact of organic clicks on increases in utility from paid clicks is 3.5 times stronger than the impact of paid clicks on increases in utility from organic clicks. Using counterfactual experiments, we show that on an average this positive interdependence leads to an increase in expected profits for the firm ranging from 4.2% to 6.15% when compared to profits in the absence of this interdependence. To further validate our empirical results, we also conduct and present the results from a controlled field experiment. This experiment shows that total click-through rates, conversions rates, and revenues in the presence of both paid and organic search listings are significantly higher than those in the absence of paid search advertisements. The results predicted by the econometric model are also corroborated in this field experiment, which suggests a causal interpretation to the positive interdependence between paid and organic search listings. Given the increased spending on search engine-based advertising, our analysis provides critical insights to managers in both traditional and Internet firms.
Current Veterinary Therapy: Food Animal Practice (1981)

Part 1: Special Therapy. Fluid Therapy. Therapeutic Management of Inflammation. Adverse Drug Reaction. Antimicrobial Use in Food Animals. Anthelmintic Therapy. External Parasiticides. Practical Immunology. Part II: Neonatal Disease and Disease Management. Neonatal Immunology. Colostrum and Passive Immunity. Diarrheal Diseases of Neonatal Calves. Omphalitis and Its Sequelae in Ruminanta. Solving Neonatal Pig Problems. Part III: Herd Health Management. Ovine Production Management and Prevention Medicine. Production Medicine and Health Problems in Goats. Dairy Heifer Development and Monitoring. Dairy Production Medicine. Breeding Season Evaluation of Beef Herds. Background and Stocker Calf Management. Development of Replacement Heiferst. Standardized Performance Analysis. The Bovine Practitioner's Role in Beef Quality Assurance. Management Programs for Developing Beef Bulls. Feedlot Production Medicine Programs. Part IV: Dietary Management. Growth-Promoting Implants and Feed Additives in Beef Cattle Production. Ration Management in Feedlot Cattle. Protein Supplementation in Beef Cattle Diets. Nutritional Management of Livestock Grazing Range and Pasture Lands. Mineral Supplementation of Beef Cattle: Rangeland and Feedlot. Dairy Cow Nutritional Guidelines. Analysing Milk Diets for Calves. Dietary Management in Pigs. Dietary Management in Sheep. Nutritional Management of Receiving Cattle. Hospital and Nutritional Management of Sick Cattle. Dietary Management of Goats. Field Calculations for Ration Management. Part V: Metabolic Diseases. Parturient Paresis (Milk Fever) and Hypocalcemia in Cows, Ewes, And Doe Goats. Hypophosphatemia. Ruminant Hypomagnesemi Tetanies. Hypokalemia. Downer Cow Syndrome. Fatty Liver. Metabolic Profile Testing. Part VI: Physical and Chemical Diseases. Emergency and Antidotal Therapy of Acute Toxicoses. Using Diagnostic Resources for Toxicology. Forensic and Legal Aspects of Food Animal Toxicoses. Troubleshooting Feed Problems. Toxicologic and Quality Evaluation of Forges and Silages. Non-Protein Nitrogen Toxicoses. Ionophore Toxicoses. Gossypol. Toxic Gases in Confinement Facilities. Toxic Properties of Contemporary Insecticides. Lead Poisoning. Copper/Molybdenum Toxicosis. Selenium Toxicosis. Alflatoxins. Trichothecenes. Ochratoxin, Citrinin. Zearalenone. Fumonisins. Tremorgenic Mycotoxins. Ergot Toxicosis. Fescue Toxicosis. Principal Toxic Plants of the Midwestern and Eastern States. Principal Toxic Plants of the Southeastern United States. Principal Toxic Plants of the Western United States. Oleander Toxicosis. Hepatotoxic Plants. Nitrates and Nitrites. Part VII: Viral Diseases. Part VIII: Bacterial Diseases. Haemophilus Parasuis. Nonvernereal Campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter Proliferative Enterpahies of Pigs. Escherichia Coli Infections in Farm Animals. Actinomyces Suis Infections in Pigs.