gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave-Mediated Claisen Rearrangement Followed by Phenol Oxidation:  A Simple Route to Naturally Occurring 1,4-Benzoquinones. The First Syntheses of Verapliquinones A and B and Panicein A (2005)

The naturally occurring 1,4-benzoquinones 2-methoxy-6-propyl-1,4-benzoquinone (1), 2-methoxy-6-pentyl-1,4-benzoquinone (primin 2), 2-methoxy-6-pentadecyl-1,4-benzoquinone (3), 2-methoxy-6-heptadecyl-1,4-benzoquinone (dihydroirisquinone, pallasone B; 4) were synthesized by a simple protocol involving microwave accelerated Claisen rearrangement of allyl ethers 10, followed by hydrogenation of the side chain alkene, and oxidation to the quinone. The Claisen-based methodology was extended to the first synthesis of the marine benzoquinones verapliquinones A and B (5 and 6), and panicein A (7). Isoarnebifuranone (9) was also synthesized by a similar strategy.
Total Synthesis and Antileishmanial Activity of Some Curcumin Analogues. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrospinning of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone): Effects of solvents on electrospinnability for the fabrication of poly(<i>p</i>‐phenylene vinylene) and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanofibers (2009)

Abstract Seven different solvents (methanol, ethanol, 2‐propanol, 1,2‐dichloroethane, water, chloroform, and dichloromethane) were used to prepare electrospun poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) fibers. The dielectric constant, viscosity, and surface tension of the solvents essentially affected the electrospinnability, morphological appearance, and size of the as‐spun fibers. Small and uniform as‐spun fibers could be fabricated from PVP solutions in solvents with a significantly high dielectric constant, low surface tension, and low viscosity. In three alcohol solutions (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and 2‐propanol), the diameters of as‐spun PVP fibers decreased with the dielectric constant, dipole moment, and density of the solvents increasing and with the viscosity of the solvents decreasing. Among these solvents, methanol was the best solvent, providing fibers with an optimal morphological appearance and a small fiber diameter. Mixing an unspinnable solvent with a solvent with a high dielectric constant, low surface tension, and low viscosity could increase the electrospinnability of the solution. The effects of solution properties and spinning conditions on the morphological appearance and diameter of electrospun PVP fibers were also carefully investigated. Under all investigated conditions for the electrospinning of a PVP solution in ethanol, the average diameters of the as‐spun fibers ranged from 200 nm to 1.5 μm. Well‐aligned PVP fibers were also produced with a rotating‐drum collector technique. Lastly, PVP was used in the fabrication of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene‐vinylene] and TiO 2 fibers by acting as a polymer carrier or guide. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The Antirepressor Needed for Induction of Linear Plasmid-Prophage N15 Belongs to the SOS Regulon (2007)

The physiological conditions and molecular interactions that control phage production have been studied in only a few families of temperate phages. We investigated the mechanisms that regulate activation of lytic development in lysogens of coliphage N15, a prophage that is not integrated into the host chromosome but exists as a linear plasmid with covalently closed ends. We identified the N15 antirepressor gene, antC, and showed that its product binds to and acts against the main phage repressor, CB. LexA binds to and represses the promoter of antC. Mitomycin C-stimulated N15 induction required RecA-dependent autocleavage of LexA and expression of AntC protein. Thus, a cellular repressor whose activity is regulated by DNA damage controls N15 prophage induction.
Synthesis of Dendrimer-Passivated Noble Metal Nanoparticles in a Polar Medium:  Comparison of Size between Silver and Gold Particles (2001)

The synthesis of silver and gold metal nanospherical particles stabilized by the fourth-generation poly(amido amine) (G4 PAMAM) dendrimer is reported. The reduction of silver nitrate and sodium tetrachloroaurate in the presence of the PAMAM dendrimer having terminal amine groups results in the formation of stable, water-soluble nanoparticles. The formation and size of the particles have been determined from the UV−vis plasmon absorption band and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses. The average particle sizes are (6.2 ± 1.7)−(12.2 ± 2.9) nm for silver and are (3.2 ± 0.7)−(7.3 ± 1.5) nm for gold, depending on the metal ion-to-dendrimer terminal amine ratio (M:D) used. Thus, dendrimer-protected silver particles are substantially larger than the gold particles synthesized in similar systems. Nanoparticles prepared at 0.25:1 and lower M:D ratios are stable for a long period of time. A TEM study of the morphology also shows a short-ranged hexagonal arrangement of particles in a monolayer onto the carbon-coated copper TEM grid. Detailed particle size analysis studies by TEM support the possibility that the terminal amino groups of the dendrimers take part in the stabilization of the nanoparticles. The evidence from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopic investigations confirms the valence state of the gold and the encapsulation by the dendrimer.
Functional Coupling between Secretory and Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Modulates Tumor Necrosis Factor-α- and Interleukin-1β-induced NF-κB Activation (2001)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta are potent activators of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, induced during inflammatory conditions. We have previously shown that both secretory and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) are involved in TNF-alpha- and IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB activation. In this study, we have addressed the mechanism of PLA(2) involvement with respect to downstream arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites and the functional coupling between PLA(2)s mediating NF-kappaB activation. We show that in addition to inhibitors of secretory and cytosolic PLA(2)s, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors attenuate TNF-alpha- and IL-1beta-stimulated NF-kappaB activation. Exogenous addition of leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) restored NF-kappaB activation reduced by 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors or an LTB(4) receptor antagonist, thus identifying LTB(4) as a mediator in signaling to NF-kappaB. TNF-alpha- and IL-1beta-induced AA release from cellular membranes was accompanied by phosphorylation of cytosolic PLA(2). Inhibitors of secretory PLA(2) and of 5-lipoxygenase/LTB(4) functionality markedly reduced AA release and nearly completely abolished cytosolic PLA(2) phosphorylation. This demonstrates that secretory PLA(2), through 5-lipoxygenase metabolites, is an essential upstream regulator of cytosolic PLA(2) and AA release. Our results therefore suggest the existence of a functional link between secretory and cytosolic PLA(2) in cytokine-activated keratinocytes, providing a molecular explanation for the participation of both secretory and cytosolic PLA(2) in arachidonic acid signaling and NF-kappaB activation in response to proinflammatory cytokines.
Key Technologies of Passive Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators (2008)

In this paper, we present the passive wireless sensor network based on the surface acoustic wave(SAW) resonators. The sensor node consists of the SAW sensor that is small, light, reliable, stable, sensitive, wireless and passive, so the battery is needless and its life-span is infinite. The sink node gathers data from the sensor nodes, processes the data with intelligent algorithms and transmits the needed data to the exterior network timely. The basic structure and the realization of the passive wireless sensor network are elaborated. The five main characteristics of the passive wireless sensor network, that is passive sensor nodes, simple and small sensor nodes, organized sensor nodes, intelligent sink nodes, high security, good extendibility, are explained concretely. Specially, the key techniques in our research, such as coding and decoding techniques of the sensor node, signal frequency measurement techniques of the sensor node, intelligent signal processing techniques, measurement error compensation techniques and network security techniques, are discussed exhaustively. In the end, we point out the problems at present and forecast the application prospect and research direction in the future.
Asymmetric Cationic Porphyrin as a New G-Quadruplex Probe with Wash-Free Cancer-Targeted Imaging Ability Under Acidic Microenvironments (2018)

Porphyrins are promising candidates for nucleic acid G-quadruplex-specific optical recognition. We previously demonstrated that G-quadruplex recognition specificity of porphyrins could be improved by introducing bulky side arm substituents, but the enhanced protonation tendency limits their applications in some cases, such as under acidic conditions. Here, we demonstrated that the protonation tendency of porphyrin derivatives could be efficiently overcome by increasing molecular asymmetry. To validate this, an asymmetric, water-soluble, cationic porphyrin FA-TMPipEOPP (5-{4-[2-[[(2 E)-3-[3-methoxy-4-[2-(1-methyl-1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy]ethoxy]phenyl},10,15,20-tri{4-[2-(1-methyl-1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]-phenyl}porphyrin) was synthesized by introducing a ferulic acid (FA) unit at one side arm, and its structure was well-characterized. Unlike its symmetric counterpart TMPipEOPP that has a tendency to protonate under acidic conditions, FA-TMPipEOPP remained in the unprotonated monomeric form under the pH range of 2.0-8.0. Correspondingly, FA-TMPipEOPP showed better G-quadruplex recognition specificity than TMPipEOPP and thus might be used as a specific optical probe for colorimetric and fluorescent recognition of G-quadruplexes under acidic conditions. The feasibility was demonstrated by two proof-of-concept studies: probing structural competition between G-quadruplexes and duplexes and label-free and wash-free cancer cell-targeted bioimaging under an acidic tumor microenvironment. As G-quadruplex optical probes, FA-TMPipEOPP works well under acidic conditions, whereas TMPipEOPP works well under neutral conditions. This finding provides useful information for G-quadruplex probe research. That is, porphyrin-based G-quadruplex probes suitable for different pH conditions might be obtained by adjusting the molecular symmetry.
An FPGA-Based Instrument for En-Masse RRAM Characterization With ns Pulsing Resolution (2016)

An FPGA-based instrument with capabilities of on-board oscilloscope and nanoscale pulsing (70 ns @ ±10 V) is presented, thus allowing exploration of the nano-scale switching of RRAM devices. The system possesses less than 1% read-out error for resistance range between 1 kΩ to 1 MΩ, and demonstrated its functionality on characterizing solid-state prototype RRAM devices on wafer; devices exhibiting gradual switching behavior under pulsing with duration spanning between 30 ns to 100 μs. The data conversion error-induced degradation on read-out accuracy is studied extensively and verified by standard linear resistor measurements. The integrated oscilloscope capability extends the versatility of our instrument, rendering a powerful tool for processing development of emerging memory technologies but also for testing theoretical hypotheses arising in the new field of memristors.
The developing relationship between receptor‐operated and store‐operated calcium channels in smooth muscle (2002)

Contraction of smooth muscle is initiated, and to a lesser extent maintained, by a rise in the concentration of free calcium in the cell cytoplasm ([Ca(2+)](i)). This activator calcium can originate from two intimately linked sources--the extracellular space and intracellular stores, most notably the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Smooth muscle contraction activated by excitatory neurotransmitters or hormones usually involves a combination of calcium release and calcium entry. The latter occurs through a variety of calcium permeable ion channels in the sarcolemma membrane. The best-characterized calcium entry pathway utilizes voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs). However, also present are several types of calcium-permeable channels which are non-voltage-gated, including the so-called receptor-operated calcium channels (ROCCs), activated by agonists acting on a range of G-protein-coupled receptors, and store-operated calcium channels (SOCCs), activated by depletion of the calcium stores within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In this article we will review the electrophysiological, functional and pharmacological properties of ROCCs and SOCCs in smooth muscle and highlight emerging evidence that suggests that the two channel types may be closely related, being formed from proteins of the Transient Receptor Potential Channel (TRPC) family.
N-version design versus one good version (1997)

Evidence indicates that n-version development techniques are more reliable than producing one "good" version-and cost effective in the long run. The author concludes that diverse, independent channels used in parallel are significantly superior to even the current state of the art, especially in situations where cost of failure is high.
Use of an electron beam for particle charging (1990)

The charging performance of an electron beam precharger has been evaluated by measuring the charge acquired by particles with diameters of 1.1 and 3.0 mu m. In the experiment, the beam energy is smaller than the electrode geometry. This avoids spurious ionization by scattered electrons and allows the establishment of a monopolar charging region (by separating the bipolar ions with an electric field). Particle charges greater than the theoretical ionic charging value were observed using the bi-electrode electron beam precharger. The increased charge may be caused by free-electron charging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterizations of User Web Revisit Behavior (2005)

In this article we update and extend on earlier long-term studies on user's page revisit behavior.Revisits are very common in web navigation, but not as predominant as reported in earlier studies.Backtracking is the most common type of page revisitation and is both used for finding new information and relocating information visited before.Search engines are mainly used for finding new information and users frequently backtrack to result pages.Visits to pages already visited in earlier sessions tend to occur in chunks, but it is not straightforward to create a list of most likely pages that will be revisited.We conclude with a short discussion on design implications for useradaptive revisitation support.
Grayscale lithography process study applied to zero-gap microlenses for sub-2μm CMOS image sensors (2010)

Microlens arrays are used on CMOS image sensors to focus incident light onto the appropriate photodiode and thus improve the device quantum efficiency. As the pixel size shrinks, the fill factor of the sensor (i.e. ratio of the photosensitive area to the total pixel area) decreases and one way to compensate this loss of sensibility is to improve the microlens photon collection efficiency. This can be achieved by developing zero-gap microlens processes. One elegant solution to pattern zero-gap microlenses is to use a grayscale reticle with varying optical densities which locally modulate the UV light intensity, allowing the creation of continuous relief structure in the resist layer after development. Contrary to conventional lithography for which high resist contrast is appreciated to achieve straight resist pattern profiles, grayscale lithography requires smooth resist contrast curve. In this study we demonstrate the efficiency of grayscale lithography to generate sub-2μm diameter microlens with a positive-tone photoresist. We also show that this technique is resist and process (film thickness, development normality and exposure conditions) dependent. Under the best conditions, spherical zero-gap microlenses as well as aspherical and off-axis microlenses, which are impossible to obtain with the conventional reflow method, were obtained with satisfying process latitude.
Relationship Between Spontaneous Expiratory Flow-Volume Curve Pattern and Air-Flow Obstruction in Elderly COPD Patients (2013)

Concavity of the SEFV curve obtained during tidal breathing may be a useful test for determining the presence of very severe obstruction in elderly patients unable to perform a satisfactory FVC maneuver.
Autoimmune Recognition of Cartilage Collagens (1993)

Recent advances in basic research on the immune system and molecular biology of cartilage components have greatly increased our understanding of the role of autoimmunity in inflammatory diseases affecting joints, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. Many of these diseases are common and their complex pathogenesis probably involves a large number of genes polymorphic in the population as well as environmental factors. Characteristic features of inflammatory arthritis include expansion of the synovial tissue into a pannus containing lymphocytes and macrophages, autoimmune reactions against cartilage antigens, and erosion of cartilage. Since hyaline cartilage of the articular surfaces is the only structure within the joint known to contain joint-specific antigens this tissue is the prime suspect as the target of the autoimmune This review will first present the capacity of the immune system to discriminate between self and non-self structures, and then summarize our current understanding of the structures of cartilage collagens. Subsequently we will discuss how the immune system normally interacts with cartilage and how such interactions can lead to arthritis. We propose that collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is valuable for understanding the autoimmune recognition of cartilage collagen which precedes the outbreak of arthritis and may perpetuate its chronicity, and serves as an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis.
Intraocular lens power requirements for humanitarian missions (2009)

The spreadsheet-based IOL power prediction model calculated an ideal distribution of IOLs to order for humanitarian cataract surgery. It is generalizable to missions of any size and should help planners minimize costs while ensuring excellent refractive outcomes.
Write-Efficient STT/SOT Hybrid Triple-Level Cell for High-Density MRAM (2020)

Spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) offers nonvolatility, good scalability, high speed, and low-power benefits. Multilevel cell (MLC) is an efficient technology to boost the storage density of the STT-MRAM. However, the conventional MLC structure is not suitable for more than 2-b storage due to inefficient multistep read/write operations. In this article, combining the emerging spin-orbit torque (SOT) and STT mechanisms, we propose a novel STT/SOT hybrid triple-level cell (TLC) MRAM cell structure. Corresponding write and read schemes are designed for this hybrid bit-cell to achieve low-cost operations. Unlike the regular stacked TLC, 3-b data can be written in two steps in the proposed cell structure, and be read in parallel with the assistance of SOT. Simulation results show that the proposed structure achieves 32% and 43% savings on write delay and energy consumption, respectively. Monte Carlo statistic simulation results indicate <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> improvement in sensing margin as well.
Mechanical Properties of Mesh Materials Used for Hernia Repair and Soft Tissue Augmentation (2012)

The measured stiffness and breaking strength vary widely among available mesh materials for hernia repair, and most of the materials show significant anisotropy in their mechanical behavior. Considering the forces present in the abdominal wall, our results suggest that some meshes should be implanted in an appropriate orientation, and that information regarding the directionality of their mechanical properties should be provided by the manufacturers.
Diabetic retinopathy risk prediction for fundus examination using sparse learning: a cross-sectional study (2013)

The sparse learning model using LASSO was effective in analyzing the epidemiological underlying patterns of DR. This is the first study to develop a machine learning model to predict DR risk using health records. LASSO can be an excellent choice when both discriminative power and variable selection are important in the analysis of high-dimensional electronic health records.
Facile synthesis of 2,4‐diamino‐6‐alkyl‐ or 6‐aryl‐pyrimidine derivatives (2010)

Abstract magnified image Facile methods were developed to prepare a series of 6‐phenyl and 6‐alkyl‐2,4‐diaminopyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring of the final products was constructed by treatment of a 1,3‐dicarbonyl derivative with an amidine or guanidine. The 6‐phenyl‐pyrimidine derivatives were also prepared by Suzuki coupling reaction, using 2‐methylthio‐4,6‐dichloropyrimidine as the starting material. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Presenilin Attenuates Receptor-Mediated Signaling and Synaptic Function (2005)

Presenilin (PS) plays an essential role in intramembranous gamma-secretase processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and several membrane-bound proteins. Here we report that selective accumulation of a membrane-tethered deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) derivative (DCC-alpha) correlates with extensive neurite outgrowth in transfected neuroblastoma cells and axodendritic connectivity associated with increased spine density in cortical neurons derived from PS1(-/-) embryos, as well as wild-type neurons treated with gamma-secretase inhibitors. cAMP-dependent signaling was also increased in both the neuroblastoma and cortical neuron systems. As a physiological consequence of increases in axodendritic connectivity and in the magnitude of cAMP-dependent signaling, short- and long-term glutamatergic synaptic transmission was enhanced in PS-deficient neurons. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time that PS-mediated gamma-secretase activity attenuates receptor-mediated intracellular signaling pathways that are critical in regulating glutamatergic synaptic transmission and memory processes.
A new approach of group-based VLC codec system (2002)

In this paper, the algorithm of a VLC codec system with new group-based approach is presented. Based on the proposed codeword grouping and symbol memory mapping, the group-searching scheme and codec processes are completed by applying numerical properties and arithmetic operations to codewords and symbol addresses. The memory requirement of encoder is reduced by a novel symbol-converting scheme. Therefore, the programmable coding table and symbol representation can be achieved. Based on MPEG-like systems, an architecture design that performs concurrent VLC codec processes with constant symbol rate is presented. Simulation results show 100 Msps with 100 MHz-clock for both encoding/decoding procedures can be achieved. As a result, it is suitable for those applications that require codec processes simultaneously, such as videoconferencing, and high throughput systems, such as HDTV.