gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topography of Rat Hepatic Microsomal Enzymatic Components of the Fatty Acid Chain Elongation System (1989)

The orientation of the condensing enzyme, the beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrase, and the trans-2-enoyl CoA reductase within the rat liver microsomal membrane was investigated by the use of impermeant inhibitors of enzyme activity: trypsin, chymotrypsin, subtilisin, mercury-dextran, and anti-beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrase IgG. The activity of the condensing enzyme was inhibited more than 70% by various proteases and was completely inhibited by 80 microM mercury-dextran. Similar results were obtained for the trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity. On the other hand, in the absence of detergent, proteases inhibited beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrase activity by 25-40%, while in the presence of detergent the inhibition increased to 65-90%. Furthermore, anti-beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrase IgG, which in the absence of detergent produced no inhibition, in the presence of detergent inhibited beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrase activity by more than 80%; under identical conditions, preimmune IgG caused a 13% inhibition. Microsomes used throughout this study displayed greater than 90% latency with respect to mannose-6-phosphatase activity, indicating that the microsomes were intact. Latency was not affected by the proteases, by mercury-dextran, or by the presence of the enzyme assay components. These results suggest that both the condensing enzyme and the reductase are present on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane, whereas the beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrase is embedded in the microsomal membrane.
FLASH correlation: a new method for 3-D ultrasound tissue motion tracking and blood velocity estimation (1999)

We report a new method for tracking tissue motion and blood flow in three dimensions (3-D) using successive volumetric ultrasound scans. The method is based on combining the concepts of feature tracking and 3-D correlation search to achieve a compromise between accuracy and computational efficiency. This paper introduces the new method and the experimental setup used for its evaluation in a tissue-mimicking material. Results are presented demonstrating that the new method has both satisfactory tracking performance and the potential for practical real-time implementation.
The effects of metal ions on diacetyl production by Streptococcus lactic subsp. diacetylactis 3022. (1987)

Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis 3022 produced 5.4 times the amount of diacetyl on 24 hours incubation in 30% RSM medium supplemented with 1 mM Cu2+, compared to that in the medium without Cu2+. However, the citrate utilization in the medium with Cu2+ was considerably repressed. On the other hand, the diacetyl formation activity of the cells was markedly stimulated by adding Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+ and Mo6+ to the reaction mixture. Cu2+ and Co2+ also stimulated citrate lyase. Cu2+ was the most effective stimulator for these activities. These metal ions had no effects on citrate uptake activity or diacetyl reductase activity. After the addition of MRS medium with and without Cu2+ to a culture incubated at 30°C for 24 hours, the cells in the medium with Cu2+ produced.a larger amount of diacetyl than those in the medium without Cu2+. On the contrary, the citrate utilization of the former cells was inferior to that of the latter. From these results, it appeared that diacetyl reductase activity was lowered by citrate remaining in the medium with Cu2+ and that the metal ion in the medium stimulated the activities of diacetyl formation and citrate lyase.
Enhancement of steady-state visual evoked potentials using parameter-tuned stochastic resonance (2012)

Aiming at increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the steady state visual evoked potential(SSVEP),a method based on parameter-tuned stochastic resonance(SR) for enhancing SSVEP is proposed in this paper.This method applied a whitening filter based on an autoregressive(AR) model to remove the 1/f trend in EEG spectrum,and then linearly converted the SSVEP frequency to one smaller than 1 Hz to meet the condition where SR could occur by changing the sample frequency smaller.Finally,SR effect was achieved by tuning the parameters of a bistable system so that the SSVEP can be enhanced.The result shows that a peak at the SSVEP frequency appears in EEG spectrum after processing with the proposed method and the signal-to-noise ratio of the SSVEP increases from 3.07 to 5.76,1.88 times as against before.It is demonstrated that this method is helpful in detecting SSVEP.
Four Novel Methods for the Harvesting of Micro-algal Biomass (2011)

The harvesting of micro-algal biomass is one of the most inefficient and costly steps in the whole biomass-to-liquids (BtL) value chain. Harvesting costs may contribute between 20–30% of the total cost of micro­algal BtL biodiesel production. One of the major obstacles in the economic production of microalgae, is the development of cost effective harvesting methods for the separation of micro-algal biomass from its growth medium. Four promising, unconventional harvesting methods were investigated to harvest micro-algal biomass from the Hartbeespoort Dam, 37 km west of South Africa’s capital city Pretoria.
Small-Scale Deposition of Thin Films and Nanoparticles by Microevaporation Sources (2010)

This paper reports on a novel miniaturized deposition technique based on micro-hotplates which are used as microevaporation sources (MES) for a localized deposition of thin films and nanoparticles. The feasibility of this small-scale deposition technique and its general properties are shown for depositions of Ag on unpatterned and microstructured substrates. The deposited films are rotationally symmetric and show a distinct lateral thickness change. We take advantage of this latter effect, as, e.g., all stages of film condensation can be observed within one experiment on one sample, in a size suitable for transmission electron microscopy investigations. For realizing the most laterally confined depositions, a micro-Knudsen cell was used. It is shown that the use of MES is also very suitable for the fabrication and deposition of nanoparticles.
Exploiting equilibrium-kinetic synergetic effect for separation of ethylene and ethane in a microporous metal-organic framework (2020)

Physisorption is a promising technology to cut cost for separating ethylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) from ethane (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>), the most energy-intensive separation process in the petrochemical industry. However, traditional thermodynamically selective adsorbents exhibit limited C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> selectivity due to their similar physiochemical properties, and the performance enhancement is typically at the expense of elevated adsorption heat. Here, we report highly-efficient C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> adsorption separation in a phosphate-anion pillared metal-organic framework ZnAtzPO<sub>4</sub> exploiting the equilibrium-kinetic synergetic effect. The periodically expanded and contracted aperture decorated with electronegative groups within ZnAtzPO<sub>4</sub> enables effective trapping of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> and impedes the diffusion of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, offering an extraordinary equilibrium-kinetic combined selectivity of 32.4. The adsorption heat of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> on ZnAtzPO<sub>4</sub> (17.3 to 30.0 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>) is substantially lower than many thermodynamically selective adsorbents because its separation capability only partially relies on thermodynamics. The separation mechanism was explored by computational simulations, and breakthrough experiments confirmed the excellent C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> separation performance of ZnAtzPO<sub>4</sub>.
Highly Stable Transparent Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Thin‐Film Transistors Having Double‐Stacked Active Layers (2010)

A novel device structure is presented for amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors with high performance as well as improved electrical/optical stress stability. The highly stable transistor devices are developed using composition-modulated dual active layers. This approach could potentially be used to fabricate product-level display devices using amorphous oxide semiconductors in the near future. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Exotic topological order in fractal spin liquids (2013)

We present a large class of three-dimensional spin models that possess topological order with stability against local perturbations, but are beyond description of topological quantum field theory. Conventional topological spin liquids, on a formal level, may be viewed as condensation of stringlike extended objects with discrete gauge symmetries, being at fixed points with continuous scale symmetries. In contrast, ground states of fractal spin liquids are condensation of highly fluctuating fractal objects with certain algebraic symmetries, corresponding to limit cycles under real-space renormalization group transformations which naturally arise from discrete scale symmetries of underlying fractal geometries. A particular class of three-dimensional models proposed in this paper may potentially saturate quantum information storage capacity for local spin systems.
Neutron and x-ray scattering studies on the human complement protein properdin provide an analysis of the thrombospondin repeat (1991)

Properdin is a regulatory glycoprotein of the alternative pathway of the complement system of immune defense. It is responsible for the stabilization of the C3 convertase complex formed between C3b and the Bb fragment of factor B. Neutron and X-ray solution scattering experiments were performed on the dimeric and trimeric forms of properdin. These have RG values of 9.1 and 10.7 nm, respectively. The scattering curves were compared with Debye sphere modeling simulations for properdin. Good agreements were obtained for models similar to published electron micrographs showing that the properdin trimer has a triangular structure with sides of 26 nm. Such a structure also accounted for sedimentation coefficient data on properdin. Primary structure analyses for mouse and human properdin have shown that this contains six homologous motifs known as the thrombospondin repeat (TSR), which is the second most abundant domain type found in the complement proteins. Sequences for these 12 TSRs were aligned with 19 others found in thrombospondin and the late complement components. Three distinct groups of TSRs were identified, namely, the TSRs found in thrombospondin and properdin, the TSRs mostly found at the N-terminus of the late complement components, and the TSRs found at the C-terminus of the late components. Averaged secondary structure predictions suggested that all three groups contain similar backbone structures with two amphipathic turn regions and one hydrophilic beta-strand region. The mean dimensions of the TSRs of properdin in solution were determined to be approximately 4 nm X 1.7 nm X 1.7 nm, showing that these are elongated in structure.
EPASS360: QoE-Aware 360-Degree Video Streaming Over Mobile Devices (2020)

The 360-degree video streaming system delivers a monocular panoramic video surrounding the user, and the user can change the viewing direction of mobile devices to see different parts of the video through the “viewport”. Due to the limited network bandwidth, playbacks of high-resolution 360-degree videos often suffer from rebuffering, while too much bandwidth is wasted in delivering those out-of-viewport parts that the user never watches. In this article, we present an Ensemble Prediction and Allocation based Streaming System, named as EPASS360, for delivering high Quality of Experience (QoE) 360-degree videos. The prediction model takes advantages of ensemble learning, providing high accuracy on the prediction of viewports. The allocation model divides a video into tiles, and allocates high resolution to tiles where a user's viewpoint may appear in the future by solving the QoE-aware optimization problem. Trace-driven emulation on real-world datasets shows that EPASS360 enhances the QoE in various scenarios compared to state-of-the-art streaming approaches. Experiments on the head-mounted device and the hand-held device over real-world Internet confirm the high user experience of EPASS360.
A Hybrid Bidding Mechanism and Online Auction Performance: The Case of iPod (2009)

Because of the internet boom, electronic commerce has been radically changing the traditional transaction models. Previous studies have paid attention to the issue of online auctions, while few studies have discussed the association of the hybrid bidding mechanism, which combines different pricing strategies, with the buyers' behavior in online auctions. In this study, we explore the relationship between pricing strategies of online auctions and auction performance under cross-cultural contexts. The research data was collected from eBay websites in France, Belgium, Hong Kong and Singapore. Empirical results show that the starting bidding price is negatively related to the probability of successfully closing the deal in an auction. Using Buy-It-Now price could enhance urgent buyers' speed of their purchasing decisions. Most notably, the cross-cultural generalizability of the proposed model is confirmed by data from four countries.
Diurnal Patterns of Soluble Amyloid Precursor Protein Metabolites in the Human Central Nervous System (2014)

The amyloid-β (Aβ) protein is diurnally regulated in both the cerebrospinal fluid and blood in healthy adults; circadian amplitudes decrease with aging and the presence of cerebral Aβ deposits. The cause of the Aβ diurnal pattern is poorly understood. One hypothesis is that the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is diurnally regulated, leading to APP product diurnal patterns. APP in the central nervous system is processed either via the β-pathway (amyloidogenic), generating soluble APP-β (sAPPβ) and Aβ, or the α-pathway (non-amyloidogenic), releasing soluble APP-α (sAPPα). To elucidate the potential contributions of APP to the Aβ diurnal pattern and the balance of the α- and β- pathways in APP processing, we measured APP proteolytic products over 36 hours in human cerebrospinal fluid from cognitively normal and Alzheimer's disease participants. We found diurnal patterns in sAPPα, sAPPβ, Aβ40, and Aβ42, which diminish with increased age, that support the hypothesis that APP is diurnally regulated in the human central nervous system and thus results in Aβ diurnal patterns. We also found that the four APP metabolites were positively correlated in all participants without cerebral Aβ deposits. This positive correlation suggests that the α- and β- APP pathways are non-competitive under normal physiologic conditions where APP availability may be the limiting factor that determines sAPPα and sAPPβ production. However, in participants with cerebral Aβ deposits, there was no correlation of Aβ to sAPP metabolites, suggesting that normal physiologic regulation of cerebrospinal fluid Aβ is impaired in the presence of amyloidosis. Lastly, we found that the ratio of sAPPβ to sAPPα was significantly higher in participants with cerebral Aβ deposits versus those without deposits. Therefore, the sAPPβ to sAPPα ratio may be a useful biomarker for cerebral amyloidosis.
Smackover Grainstones in Miller County, Arkansas (1984)

Smackover (Upper Jurassic) oolitic carbonates in central Miller County, Arkansas, exhibit secondary oomoldic porosity, but only minor permeability. These oolitic grainstones were deposited in updip areas of Smackover shelf environments. The original grainstone sediments were composed mainly of oolites, with minor pisolites and composite grains. Since deposition, the rocks have been extensively leached, recrystallized and cemented. During the early stages of diagenesis there was micritization of oolites. Some oolites were partially leached, and subsequently collapsed to leave broken and sheared grains. Early-stage fibrous-rim cements formed over these broken oolites, as well as other grains, in areas where there were appropriate phreatic conditions. With continued diagenesis, calcite spar filled pores; the spar cement subsequently supported molds of oolites in many intervals as leaching of grains continued. This diagenesis has left a variety of oolite-derived grain forms which are grouped into nine categories in this study.
Oxygen Vacancies and Intermediate Spin Trivalent Cobalt Ions in Lithium-Overstoichiometric LiCoO<sub>2</sub> (2002)

Thermal treatments under a very wide range of oxygen pressures were used to probe the composition and defect nature of a lithium-overstoichiometric “Lix0CoO2” (x0 > 1) sample using X-ray powder diffraction, 7Li NMR, and electrochemical tests. It was found that at 900 °C, under atmospheric and elevated oxygen pressures, the lithium-overstoichiometric sample gradually transformed to stoichiometric LiCoO2 by losing excess lithium in the form of Li2O. In addition, it was shown that the defect associated with Co2+ and oxygen deficiency as reported by Gorshkov et al. and Karelina et al. had a different NMR signature than that present in Li-overstoichiometric samples. Therefore, it is believed that oxygen vacancies are present but Co2+ ions are not present in Lix0CoO2 (x0 > 1). This leads to a formula [Li]interslab[CoIII1-3tCo3+(IS)2tLit]slab[O2-t], involving an intermediate spin configuration for 2t Co3+ ions in a square-based pyramidal site. This new model was supported by the NMR and magnetic data of the lithium-overstoichiometric sample and its deintercalated compounds. The effect of the defect on the end-of-discharge voltage profile during cycling was also discussed.
A Meta-analysis of Lung Cancer Gene Expression Identifies <i>PTK7</i> as a Survival Gene in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2014)

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide and it continues to lack effective treatment. The increasingly large and diverse public databases of lung cancer gene expression constitute a rich source of candidate oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets. To define novel targets for lung adenocarcinoma, we conducted a large-scale meta-analysis of genes specifically overexpressed in adenocarcinoma. We identified an 11-gene signature that was overexpressed consistently in adenocarcinoma specimens relative to normal lung tissue. Six genes in this signature were specifically overexpressed in adenocarcinoma relative to other subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among these genes was the little studied protein tyrosine kinase PTK7. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that PTK7 is highly expressed in primary adenocarcinoma patient samples. RNA interference-mediated attenuation of PTK7 decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in a subset of adenocarcinoma cell lines. Further, loss of PTK7 activated the MKK7-JNK stress response pathway and impaired tumor growth in xenotransplantation assays. Our work defines PTK7 as a highly and specifically expressed gene in adenocarcinoma and a potential therapeutic target in this subset of NSCLC.
Molecular and genetic analysis of anthranilate synthase in Arabidopsis thaliana (1993)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 1993.
Spectroscopic Study of the Luminescence of Liquid Helium in the Vacuum Ultraviolet (1970)

The spectral distribution of luminescence excited in liquid helium by fast electrons was measured in the region between 500 and 3000 \AA{}. The spectrum shows transitions of the ${\mathrm{He}}_{2}$ molecule and is sensitive to the presence of impurities such as ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$.
Principais métodos de síntese de amidinas (2006)

The amidine functional group is found in a wide range of natural products and is biologically active against several pathogens. In addition, amidines have long been regarded as useful intermediates in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Consequently, a great number of methods have been developed for the preparation of amidines. Pinner's method is the most commonly used. Conventional methods include: - the addition of metal amides or amines to nitriles, the addition of amines to imido esters and the condensation of amides with amines in the presence of halogenating reagents. In this report, the main methods for synthesis of amidines will be described.
Antinociceptive Effect of the Monoterpene R-(+)-Limonene in Mice (2007)

In the present study were studied the antinociceptives properties of monoterpene R-(+)-limonene (LM) in chemical and thermal models of nociception in mice. The R-(+)-limonene was administered, intraperitoneally (i.p.), at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. The results showed significant inhibition produced on chemical nociception induced by intraperitoneal acetic-acid and in the second phase of subplantar formalin test, but did not manifest a significant effect in hot-plate test. The R-(+)-limonene-induced antinociception in second phase of formalin test was insensitive to naloxone (1 mg/kg, s.c.). It was also demonstrated that R-(+)-limonene (25, 50 mg/kg) neither significantly enhanced the pentobarbital-sleeping time nor impaired the motor performance in rota-rod test, indicating that the observed antinociception is unlikely to be due to sedation or motor abnormality. In conclusion it may be suggested that the R-(+)-limonene presented antinociceptive activity and that, probably, this action can be related with peripheral analgesia, but, not with the stimulation of opioids receptors.
Epidemic Spread of Lyme Borreliosis, Northeastern United States (2006)

We examined the degree of host specialization of different strains of Borrelia burgdorferi, the tickborne pathogen that causes Lyme borreliosis in the northeastern United States. We first assessed the genetic population structures of B. burgdorferi in ticks obtained from different mammalian host species and in questing ticks sampled in a woodland ecosystem in Connecticut. By comparing the patterns found in our study with data from another cross-sectional study, we demonstrate that B. burgdorferi is a generalist microparasite and conclude that efficient cross-species transmission of B. burgdorferi is a key feature that has allowed the rapid spread of Lyme borreliosis across the northeastern United States.
The Neurodegenerative Disease Protein Ataxin-1 Antagonizes the Neuronal Survival Function of Myocyte Enhancer Factor-2 (2007)

Ataxin-1 is a neurodegenerative disorder protein whose mutant form causes spinocerebellar ataxia type-1 (SCA1). Evidence suggests that ataxin-1 may function as a transcription repressor. However, neither the importance of this putative transcriptional repression activity in neural cytotoxicity nor the transcriptional targets of ataxin-1 are known. Here we identify the MEF2-HDAC4 transcriptional complex involved in neuron survival as a target of ataxin-1. We show that ataxin-1 binds specifically to histone deacetylase-4 (HDAC4) and MEF2 and colocalizes with them in nuclear inclusion bodies. Significantly, these interactions are greatly reduced by the S776A mutation, which largely abrogates the cytotoxicity of ataxin-1. Supporting the importance of these interactions, we show that wild type ataxin-1 represses MEF2-dependent transcription, whereas the S776A mutant is less potent. Furthermore, overexpression of MEF2 can partially reverse cytotoxicity caused by ataxin-1. Our results identify the MEF2-HDAC4 complex as a target for ataxin-1 transcriptional repression activity and suggest a novel pathogenic mechanism whereby ataxin-1 sequesters and inhibits the neuronal survival factor MEF2.