gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Timing for starting second-line therapy in recurrent ovarian cancer (2010)

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death in Europe and the USA. The optimal treatment strategy for this malignancy includes accurate presurgical and surgical staging, optimal debulking surgery, and first-line therapy with platinum-based chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the majority of patients diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer will eventually relapse and die. However, an appropriate management can have a major impact on survival: salvage chemotherapy can prolong survival in the majority of cases and, in selected patients, surgical cytoreduction of recurrent disease can be beneficial. The optimal timing for starting second-line therapy should be based on symptomatic or radiologic recurrence. In fact, even though cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) elevation significantly anticipates a clinical relapse, a randomized trial failed to show a survival advantage for starting second-line therapy on the basis of CA 125 elevation. This is the most solid evidence coming from a randomized trial; however, we must take into account some limitations: in this study the role of secondary cytoreduction was not considered and, at the time of study conduction, more active salvage drugs/regimens were not yet available. In the near future, a better knowledge of ovarian cancer biology, more sensitive diagnostic techniques, more accurate and less invasive surgical procedures along with the availability of new agents will further improve prognosis. In this scenario, the anticipation of salvage therapy will probably play a different role.
Recurrent Fusion of PCM1 to JAK2 in Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Leukemia Associated with the t(8;9)(p21-22;p23-24). (2004)

Abstract We have identified a novel, recurrent t(8;9)(p21–22;p23–24) in six patients with diverse hematological malignancies: atypical CML (n=4), secondary AML following idiopathic myelofibrosis (n=1) and pre B-ALL (n=1). Because of the involvement of several different tyrosine kinases in atypical CML, we focused our analysis on this class of gene. Initial FISH studies of one patient indicated that the janus kinase 2 gene (JAK2), located at 9p24, was disrupted. RACE-PCR was then used to identify the 8p21 partner gene as PCM1, a large centrosomal protein that contains multiple coiled-coil domains. RT-PCR and FISH analysis confirmed the fusion in this case, and also identified PCM1-JAK2 in the five other t(8;9) patients (RT-PCR and FISH, n=4; RT-PCR only, n=1; FISH only, n=1). Four different types of in-frame mRNA junction were identified, but in all cases the chimeric mRNA is predicted to encode a protein that retains several of the predicted coiled-coil domains from PCM1 and the entire tyrosine kinase domain of JAK2. Reciprocal JAK2-PCM1 mRNA could not be amplified in any patient. Clinically, 4 patients displayed CML-like hyperplasia with variable degrees of myelofibrosis and eosinophilia. Similar to typical CML, the clinical course of these patients was variable: one is alive 11 months after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, one transformed to acute leukemia 5 years after diagnosis, one died 4 days after presentation and one achieved a major cytogenetic response with interferon but died due to neurodegenerative disease and pneumonia at 7.5 years. Of the two remaining patients, one presented with secondary AML following idiopathic myelofibrosis and remains in remission 15 years after diagnosis following intensive chemotherapy and maintenance with interferon. The final patient died shortly after induction therapy for pre B-ALL. In conclusion, PCM1-JAK2 is a novel recurrent fusion gene in hematological malignancies that is likely to deregulate hemopoiesis in a manner similar to BCR-ABL. Patients with PCM1-JAK2 disease are attractive targets for signal transduction therapy.
Pooled Normal Human Polyspecific IgM Contains Neutralizing Anti-Idiotypes to IgG Autoantibodies of Autoimmune Patients and Protects From Experimental Autoimmune Disease (1997)

Normal human serum contains IgM antibodies that regulate the natural autoantibody activity of IgG in autologous serum. In the present study, we show that pooled normal human IgM (IVIgM) purified from plasma of more than 2,500 healthy donors and processed in a similar fashion to that of therapeutic preparations of pooled normal human IgG (IVIg) suppresses activity of IgG autoantibodies purified from the serum of patients with autoimmune diseases in vitro. The inhibitory effect of IVIgM was greater or equivalent to that of IVIg on a molar basis. We show that IVIgM contains anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against idiotypic determinants of autoantibodies, in particular by showing that Sepharose-bound IVIgM selectively retained F(ab')2 fragments of IgG autoantibodies. The infusion of (Lewis x Brown-Norway) F1 rats with IVIgM protected the animals against experimental autoimmune uveitis induced by immunization with the soluble retinal S antigen, as evidenced by clinical scoring and histopathological analysis. The present findings provide a rationale for considering pooled IgM for immunomodulation of autoimmune disease.
New ideas to improve searches for {mu}{sup +}{r_arrow}e{sup +}{gamma} (1997)

Searching for decays that change total lepton family number is an excellent method to explore potential physics beyond the Standard Model because those processes are predicted to be zero except when new physics is present. Essentially all extensions of the Standard Model that introduce new, heavy particles predict the existence of these rare decays, though the most probable channel is highly model dependent. Recently, the prejudice has grown within the physics community that supersymmetry is an extension that is likely to be related to nature. Barbieri, Hall, and Strumia show that rare decays are signatures for grand unified supersymmetry and calculate the rates for {mu}{sup +} {r_arrow} e{sup +}{gamma} and related processes for a wide range of parameters of these models. They conclude that {mu}{sup +} {r_arrow} e{sup +}{gamma} has the largest rate by more than two orders of magnitude, and it ranges between the current experimental limit and 10{sup {minus}14}. Hence, there is continuing interest in the community for an experiment that could have a sensitivity near 10{sup {minus}14}. Lessons are drawn from the experience of the MEGA experiment in searching for {mu}{sup +} to e{sup +}{gamma}. In light of that experience, some ideas are evaluated regarding new searches that might take place in the ERA of a source of low-energy muons associated with a muon collider.
Identity-based information security management system for personal computer networks (1989)

A network information security management system which authenticates and/or encrypts messages is proposed. Both authentication and key distribution are executed in a simple scheme. Once the system is set up, the transactions are done independently by the users involved, yet the amount of information that users must keep is small. The experimental implementation of the system on a personal computer network, using IC cards (smart cards) and digital signal processors, is described. The signal processors shorten calculation time and make the concept practical.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Observing Turbulence with a Modified Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (1994)

This paper describes hardware and software modifications to a commercial incoherent acoustic Doppler current profiler that allow it to be used as a survey tool for measurement of turbulent velocity fields associated with coastal flows. The unambiguous measurement of vertical velocity, which is the heart of the modified system, can be used to provide quantitative estimates of turbulent kinetic energy E, as well as the spatial scales at which it resides and the rate ε at which it is dissipated. Provided that beam velocities are recorded directly, estimates of Reynolds stresses made from paired slant beams can be corrected for errors due to interbeam differences in bias error. With addition of a towed CTD, a direct measurement of buoyancy flux can be made. Although discussed here for an incoherent Doppler used in vigorous coastal turbulence, recent advances in coded-pulse Doppler sonars should enable use of most of these techniques in the lower-signal environment of the deep ocean, if a sufficiently stable platform can be provided.
Power efficient RF pulse compression through switched resonators (2005)

A simple, compact and efficient RF pulse compression technique based on a switched resonator concept has been introduced. It utilizes the charging/discharging characteristics of the circuit resonator and can be applied to any other microwave resonators. The approach compresses the duration of the pulse envelope without changing the phase characteristics of the RF carrier. The achievable power efficiency has proven to be sub-optimal which is 1dB lower than the lossless case. A test bed with a microstrip coupled line resonator and a Schottky diode has been fabricated and tested. The experiment demonstrates a 4 to 1 compression ratio. The proposed technique is promising for many RF signal processings such as RF multiplexing in a noise limited scenarios
Aquivion PFSA as a Novel Solid and Reusable Acid Catalyst in the Synthesis of 2-Pyrrolidin-2-ones in Flow (2015)

A new protocol for the diasteroselective synthesis of pyrrolidin-2-ones 4–14 is presented. Aquivion PFSA effectively catalyzed the diasteroselective nitro-mannich/lactamization cascade reaction between the imine formed from aldehydes 1a–g and amines 2a–b with methyl 3-nitropropanoate 3. The use of flow conditions allow a very efficient waste minimization confirmed by representative green metrics calculations.
Regeneration of carboxylic acid-amine extracts by back-extraction with an aqueous solution of a volatile amine (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegeneration of carboxylic acid-amine extracts by back-extraction with an aqueous solution of a volatile amineLoree J. Poole and C. Judson KingCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 5, 923–929Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00053a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00053a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views796Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Digestive Wall in Capsule Endoscopy Videos Using Elastic Video Interpolation (2010)

Wireless capsule endoscopy is a revolutionary technology that allows physicians to examine the digestive tract of a human body in the minimum invasive way. Physicians can detect diseases such as blood-based abnormalities, polyps, ulcers, and Crohn's disease. Although this technology is really a marvel of our modern times, currently it suffers from two serious drawbacks: 1) frame rate is low (3 frames/s) and 2) no 3-D representation of the objects is captured from the camera of the capsule. In this paper we offer solutions (methodologies) that deal with each of the above issues improving the current technology without forcing hardware upgrades. These methodologies work synergistically to create smooth and visually friendly interpolated images from consecutive frames, while preserving the structure of the observed objects. They also extract and represent the texture of the surface of the digestive tract in 3-D. Thus the purpose of our methodology is not to reduce the time that the gastroenterologists need to spend to examine the video. On the contrary, the purpose is to enhance the video and therefore improve the viewing of the digestive tract leading to a more qualitative and efficient examination. The proposed work introduces 3-D capsule endoscopy textured results that have been welcomed by Digestive Specialists, Inc., Dayton, OH. Finally, illustrative results are given at the end of the paper.
Hydrodesulfurization of thiophene to butadiene and butane by a homogeneous iridium complex (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrodesulfurization of thiophene to butadiene and butane by a homogeneous iridium complexWilliam D. Jones and Robert M. ChinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1, 198–203Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00080a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00080a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views508Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Contrast enhancement for enlarged images based on edge sharpening (2005)

Blurring effect is among the major visual degradations resulting from digital image enlargement. We introduce a set of sigmoidal functions to sharpen edges of enlarged images. We show that these functions have properties that are especially desirable for sharpening expanded edges. We then develop an adaptive contrast enhancement scheme based on edge sharpening using these functions. It is shown that this scheme results in images of better contrast and natural-looking sharp edges.
Diabetic Nephropathy (2006)

Diabetic nephropathy (DNP) develops after latency periods that may vary by several years in approximately one third of patients with diabetes. This diabetic complication is a complex disorder whereby various genetic and environmental factors determine susceptibility and progression to ESRD. Despite rapid research progress, robust predictors to assess prospectively with high precision the risk for DNP in individuals with diabetes are still lacking. Thus, currently available therapies are usually initiated at more advanced stages of DNP characterized by clinically overt manifestations, including increased urinary albumin excretion and decreased glomerular filtration. In addition, although these interventions have proven efficacy in slowing the progression of DNP, they typically cannot prevent ESRD. New insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the origin and progression of DNP are emerging rapidly from advanced large-scale genetic and molecular studies in experimental models and humans. Thus, genetic loci that confer risk for albuminuria and/or progression of kidney disease associated with diabetes are being refined to identify the relevant genetic variants in specific genes. Molecular mRNA profiles that are obtained through microarray screens are being validated to elucidate further their potential as molecular markers and to identify new targets for novel preventive or therapeutic approaches aiming at curing DNP. The challenge before the field is to translate the large amount of new genetic and molecular data to empower clinicians and investigators with reliable predictors of DNP for improved design of preventive clinical trials and for individualized clinical management for millions of individuals affected by diabetes worldwide.
Sources and Economics of Carbon Dioxide (1988)

In order for carbon dioxide to be considered as a significant feedstock for the chemical industry it must be both readily avialable and economically attractive. Sources of carbon dioxide can be catagorized in terms of the concentration of this material - high or low. Examples of the former include natural reservoirs, natural gas processing plants and facilities engaged in the production of ethylene oxide, ammonia or hydrogen. The largest potential supply of carbon dioxide, however, is from the dilute sources which comprise various fossil fueled power plants (including coal, oil-and gas-fired facilities). This paper will discuss some of the issues associated with the various sources as well as provide a perspective on their economics.
Combination therapy for advanced breast cancer: cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, UFT, and tamoxifen. (1999)

We evaluated combination therapy for advanced and recurrent breast cancer with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), UFT (uracil and tegafur), and tamoxifen (Nolvadex) (CAUT), designed as chemoendocrine therapy with a high antitumor effect and less severe adverse reactions. In this therapy, one 3-week cycle consisted of doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1, cyclophosphamide 65 mg/m2 orally (po) and UFT 300 mg/m2 po on days 1 to 14, and tamoxifen at 20 mg/day po on days 1 to 21. Twenty patients were registered and 19 were eligible, including seven with advanced breast cancer and 12 with recurrent disease. Six patients had received previous treatment. The comprehensive evaluation for objective response revealed one patient with a complete response and 10 patients with partial responses, producing an overall response rate of 58% (95% confidence interval, 29% to 87%). Three patients experienced no change, and five patients had progressive disease. Adverse events > or = grade 3 were leukopenia in six patients, erythropenia in one patient, alopecia in four, and severe generalized malaise in one. One patient who developed grade 4 leukopenia and one of five patients who developed grade 3 leukopenia recovered after receiving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. CAUT therapy produced high response rates and relatively mild adverse reactions and is considered useful for the treatment of advanced and recurrent breast cancer.
DNA Logic Gates (2004)

A conceptually new logic gate based on DNA has been devised. Methoxybenzodeazaadenine ((MD)A), an artificial nucleobase which we recently developed for efficient hole transport through DNA, formed stable base pairs with T and C. However, a reasonable hole-transport efficiency was observed in the reaction for the duplex containing an (MD)A/T base pair, whereas the hole transport was strongly suppressed in the reaction using a duplex where the base opposite (MD)A was replaced by C. The influence of complementary pyrimidines on the efficiency of hole transport through (MD)A was quite contrary to the selectivity observed for hole transport through G. The orthogonality of the modulation of these hole-transport properties by complementary pyrimidine bases is promising for the design of a new molecular logic gate. The logic gate system was executed by hole transport through short DNA duplexes, which consisted of the "logic gate strand", containing hole-transporting nucleobases, and the "input strand", containing pyrimidines which modulate the hole-transport efficiency of logic bases. A logic gate strand containing multiple (MD)A bases in series provided the basis for a sharp AND logic action. On the other hand, for OR logic and combinational logic, conversion of Boolean expressions to standard sum-of-product (SOP) expressions was indispensable. Three logic gate strands were designed for OR logic according to each product term in the standard SOP expression of OR logic. The hole-transport efficiency observed for the mixed sample of logic gate strands exhibited an OR logic behavior. This approach is generally applicable to the design of other complicated combinational logic circuits such as the full-adder.
Use of osmotically active agents to alter optical properties of tissue: Effects on the detected fluorescence signal measured through skin (2001)

The study shows how chemical agents can be used to improve the detected signal for a specific optical application. It could be useful in a number of optical therapeutic and diagnostic applications that can benefit from an increase in the penetration depth of light.
The Potential Application of Rice Bran Wax Oleogel to Replace Solid Fat and Enhance Unsaturated Fat Content in Ice Cream (2013)

The development of structure in ice cream, characterized by its smooth texture and resistance to collapse during melting, depends, in part, on the presence of solid fat during the whipping and freezing steps. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential application of 10% rice bran wax (RBW) oleogel, comprised 90% high-oleic sunflower oil and 10% RBW, to replace solid fat in ice cream. A commercial blend of 80% saturated mono- and diglycerides and 20% polysorbate 80 was used as the emulsifier. Standard ice cream measurements, cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to evaluate the formation of structure in ice cream. RBW oleogel produced higher levels of overrun when compared to a liquid oil ice cream sample, creating a lighter sample with good texture and appearance. However, those results were not associated with higher meltdown resistance. Microscopy revealed larger aggregation of RBW oleogel fat droplets at the air cell interface and distortion of the shape of air cells and fat droplets. Although the RBW oleogel did not develop sufficient structure in ice cream to maintain shape during meltdown when a mono- and diglycerides and polysorbate 80 blend was used as the emulsifier, micro- and ultrastructure investigations suggested that RBW oleogel did induce formation of a fat globule network in ice cream, suggesting that further optimization could lead to an alternative to saturated fat sources for ice cream applications.
Lighting distribution affects pedestrians' sense of security (2016)

The greatest obstacle to a pedestrian's Sense of Security (SoS) is lack of lighting. This research analyzes lighting characteristics which affect a pedestrian's SoS, including how lighting distribution changes perception, to design lighting for night-time walking that maximizes the SoS without increasing energy consumption.