gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Verocytotoxin Bound to Circulating Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes of Patients with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (2001)

The epidemic form of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children and is characterized by a prodromal phase of sometimes bloody diarrhea. The role of verocytotoxin (VT)-producing Escherichia coli has been strongly implicated. Although antibodies against VT have been detected in the serum of patients with HUS, VT itself has never been detected in circulating blood. In this study, VT-2 was detected in the systemic circulation in 9 of 10 patients with the epidemic form of HUS. In those cases, VT-2 was bound exclusively to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The detection of VT-2 bound to PMN was associated with the presence of diarrhea at the time the blood samples were obtained. The one patient for whom VT was not detected presented with atypical HUS. For 5 of the 10 patients with HUS who were studied, the time course of VT binding was analyzed; binding decreased in four patients. The finding of VT bound to PMN in the systemic circulation of patients with HUS is important for a clearer understanding of the pathogenesis of HUS and suggests new approaches for treatment in the future.
Scheinbare und wahre Aktivierungswärmen beim katalytischen Zerfall der Ameisensäure an Platin (1959)

Abstract Bei der Zersetzung der Ameisensäure an Platinkatalysatoren wird eine vom Ameisensäure‐Partialdruck abhängige Reaktionsordnung beobachtet. Die in verschiedenen Druckbereichen gemessenen Aktivierungswärmen bestätigen die theoretischen Beziehungen zwischen wahren und scheinbaren Aktivierungswärmen und ermöglichen es, ein Energiemodell für die vorliegende Reaktion aufzustellen. Aus der Abhängigkeit der gemessenen Aktivierungswärme vom Sättigungsgrad der Oberfläche und aus den experimentell ermittelten wahren und scheinbaren Häufigkeitsfaktoren wird geschlossen, daß der katalytisch wirksame Anteil der Platinoberfläche in sich energetisch nicht wesentlich heterogen sein kann. Der Mechanismus der Ameisensäure‐Dehydrierung wird auch vom Standpunkt geschwindigkeitsbestimmender Stoßreaktionen diskutiert. Dabei läßt sich zeigen, daß ein Wechsel im Reaktionsmechanismus von der Reaktion aus der Adsorptionsschicht bei hohen Drucken zu einer Stoßreaktion bei tiefen Drucken unwahrscheinlich ist. Andererseits ist eine geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Stoßreaktion im gesamten Druckbereich nicht zwingend auszuschließen.
The Social Sciences in Southern Colleges and Universities (1928)

Journal Article The Social Sciences in Southern Colleges and Universities Get access Curtis H. Walker Curtis H. Walker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 7, Issue 2, December 1928, Pages 230–234, https://doi.org/10.2307/2570145 Published: 01 December 1928
“N-Fused Porphyrin”:  A New Tetrapyrrolic Porphyrinoid with a Fused Tri-pentacyclic Ring (2000)

The syntheses and X-ray structures of novel porphyrinoids, “N-fused porphyrins (NFPs)”, and their reactivity were described. NFP was spontaneously produced from the bromo-substituted N-confused tetraarylporphyrin in a pyridine solution at room temperature. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the porphyrinoid core containing a fused tri-pentacyclic ring is almost planar. The deviation from the mean plane of 4e‘, for example, was within 0.30 Å. The peripheral aryl substituents were tilted 50.4, 53.5, 64.4, and 12.4° relative to the porphyrin mean plane, respectively. The occurrence of a three-centered hydrogen bonding in the NFP core was inferred by the downfield shift of the inner NH signal (e.g., 8.48 ppm for 4e‘) in 1H NMR and the short distances (within 2.4−2.9 Å) among the inner core nitrogens, N2, N3, and N4. The optical absorption spectra of NFPs exhibit Soret-like transitions around 360, 500, and 550 nm and weak Q-like bands around 650, 700, 850, and 940 nm in CH2Cl2. The electrode process of 4e‘ showed the first oxidation at 0.08 V and reduction at −1.37 V (vs Fc/Fc+), which suggested the small energy gap attributed to the unusual long-wavelength absorption was mainly due to the rising of the HOMO energy level. The first-order rate constants (kf) for the transformation from NCPs to NFPs were largely affected by the substituents at the meso position, showing a good correlation with Hammet σ+ parameters. Moreover, the reverse reaction from NFPs to NCPs was observed in the CH2Cl2 solution by treating with a base. Dynamic ring inversion in the tetrapyrrolic porphyrin core is discussed.
Classification of HTTP traffic based on C5.0 Machine Learning Algorithm (2012)

Our previous work demonstrated the possibility of distinguishing several kinds of applications with accuracy of over 99%. Today, most of the traffic is generated by web browsers, which provide different kinds of services based on the HTTP protocol: web browsing, file downloads, audio and voice streaming through third-party plugins, etc. This paper suggests and evaluates two approaches to distinguish various HTTP content: distributed among volunteers' machines and centralized running in the core of the network. We also assess accuracy of the global classifier for both HTTP and non-HTTP traffic. We achieved accuracy of 94%, which supposed to be even higher in real-life usage. Finally, we provided graphical characteristics of different kinds of HTTP traffic.
Comparative immunogenicity and efficacy of equivalent outer membrane vesicle and glycoconjugate vaccines against nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (2018)

Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonellae</i> cause a devastating burden of invasive disease in sub-Saharan Africa with high levels of antimicrobial resistance. Vaccination has potential for a major global health impact, but no licensed vaccine is available. The lack of commercial incentive makes simple, affordable technologies the preferred route for vaccine development. Here we compare equivalent Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) outer membrane vesicles and O-antigen-CRM<sub>197</sub> glycoconjugates to deliver lipopolysaccharide O-antigen in bivalent <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium and Enteritidis vaccines. <i>Salmonella</i> strains were chosen and <i>tolR</i> deleted to induce GMMA production. O-antigens were extracted from wild-type bacteria and conjugated to CRM<sub>197</sub> Purified GMMA and glycoconjugates were characterized and tested in mice for immunogenicity and ability to reduce <i>Salmonella</i> infection. GMMA and glycoconjugate O-antigen had similar structural characteristics, O-acetylation, and glucosylation levels. Immunization with GMMA induced higher anti-O-antigen IgG than glycoconjugate administered without Alhydrogel adjuvant. With Alhydrogel, antibody levels were similar. GMMA induced a diverse antibody isotype profile with greater serum bactericidal activity than glycoconjugate, which induced almost exclusively IgG1. Immunization reduced bacterial colonization of mice subsequently infected with <i>Salmonella</i><i>S</i> Typhimurium numbers were lower in tissues of mice vaccinated with GMMA compared with glycoconjugate. <i>S.</i> Enteritidis burden in the tissues was similar in mice immunized with either vaccine. With favorable immunogenicity, low cost, and ability to induce functional antibodies and reduce bacterial burden, GMMA offer a promising strategy for the development of a nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> vaccine compared with established glycoconjugates. GMMA technology is potentially attractive for development of vaccines against other bacteria of global health significance.
Far-infrared bandpass filters from perforated metal screens (1994)

Precision nickel printing screens are shown to be very useful as far-infrared bandpass filters. For a range of such regularly perforated sheets, transmission peaks of ~ 0.9 have been observed to lie at frequencies between 60 and 140 cm(-1). We found that this value shows little degradation by cascading several screens, but the overall filter Q value may be increased from 2.7 to a value of ~ 6. These screens have considerable advantages over conventional far-infrared bandpass filters in terms of strength, optical characteristics, and cost.
Reliability of Capacitors for DC-Link Applications in Power Electronic Converters—An Overview (2014)

DC-link capacitors are an important part in the majority of power electronic converters which contribute to cost, size and failure rate on a considerable scale. From capacitor users' viewpoint, this paper presents a review on the improvement of reliability of dc link in power electronic converters from two aspects: 1) reliability-oriented dc-link design solutions; 2) conditioning monitoring of dc-link capacitors during operation. Failure mechanisms, failure modes and lifetime models of capacitors suitable for the applications are also discussed as a basis to understand the physics-of-failure. This review serves to provide a clear picture of the state-of-the-art research in this area and to identify the corresponding challenges and future research directions for capacitors and their dc-link applications.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for identification and structural characterization of pregnane glycosides (2005)

Pregnane glycosides are a class of naturally occurring substances characterized by some interesting biological activities and widely distributed in the plant kingdom and in some marine organisms. Their toxicity and use in herbal drugs and folk medicines has generated great interest in the chemical characterization of these molecules. In the study reported here the potential of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in the identification and structural characterization of pregnane glycosides was examined. ESI-MS/MS and ESI-MS(n) analyses were performed on 27 different compounds employing two mass spectrometers equipped with a triple-quadrupole or an ion-trap analyzer. The data illustrate the ability of the ESI techniques in the identification of pregnane glycosides, including the nature of the pregnane core, the kind of ester substituents, the types of sugar residues (hexose, deoxyhexose, dideoxyhexose, O-methyldeoxyhexose and O-methyldideoxyhexose), and the primary structure of the saccharide chain. From these data, a generalized fragmentation pathway was proposed by comparing the spectra acquired for all the compounds. Interestingly, similar results were obtained from the two instruments, thus demonstrating that detailed analyses of product ion spectra obtained using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer led to structural information comparable to those obtainable in MSn experiments using an ion trap. Different and complementary information was deduced by fragmenting the [M+H]+ or the [M+Na]+ ions, or the protonated aglycone [Agl+H]+ generated by in-source fragmentation. The present evidence clearly suggests that, in order to obtain a complete characterization of pregnane glycosides by MS, all three of these species should be accurately analyzed.
Diagnosis, pathology, and etiology of tenosynovitis in broilers and broiler breeders. (1973)

Tenosynovitis virus isolated from the leg tendons of broilerbreeder replacement chickens produced enlarged, firm, and partially nonfunctional leg tendons in broiler chicks, following footpad (FP), intramuscular (IM), and intraperitoneal (IP) inoculation. Contact controls (CC) and chicks inoculated intranasally (IN) remained free of pathology and antibody through 108 days PI. Infected birds averaged 0.8 pound less than uninfected birds at 43 days of age. Antibody was demonstrated 14 days PI and parental antibody in 1-day-old chicks by the agar-gel immunodiffusion test.
Air Damped Capacitance Accelerometers and Velocimeters (1970)

This is a companion paper serving as an extension of an earlier presentation entitled ``Signal Transduction With Differential Pulse Width Modulation'' <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . In that paper, a scheme was introduced to streamline the data acquisition system bridging a variety of physical parameters to be measured with several forms of signal processing. The essential part of that scheme involves the generation of a differential pulse width modulated signal with integrated logic circuits utilizing d. c. excitation to produce analog output with significant power, a pulse width modulated signal suitable for transmission or tape recording, or a digital output suitable for computer coupling.
Ionisation constants of heterocyclic substances. Part VIII. 1,3,5-Triazaindenes (1966)

Syntheses are described for seven new chloro-, hydroxy-, mercapto-, and methylthio-1,3,5-triazaindenes with these substituents in the 2-, 6-, and 2,6-positions, and also for their methyl derivatives. Methylation of 2-methyl-thio-1,3,5-triazaindene gives a mixture of the N-1, N-3, and N-5 monomethyl derivatives, the structures of which are established by unambiguous syntheses. 6-Chloro-1,3,5-triazaindene similarly gives three products, two of which have been identified as the N-1 and N-3 monomethyl derivatives. The effects of substituents and the position of protonation on the ionisation constants and ultraviolet spectra are discussed.
Phenacetin Antibody Cross-reactive with Autoimmune Erythrocyte Antibody (1969)

Journal Article Phenacetin Antibody Cross-reactive with Autoimmune Erythrocyte Antibody Get access Michael Noel Hart, Maj., MC, USA, Michael Noel Hart, Maj., MC, USA Department of Clinical Pathology, Letterman General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94129 Dr. Hart's present address is 6th Army Physical Evaluation Board, Presidio of San Francisco, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bruce W. Mesara, Maj., MC, USA Bruce W. Mesara, Maj., MC, USA Department of Clinical Pathology, Letterman General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94129 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 52, Issue 6, 1 December 1969, Pages 695–701, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/52.6.695 Published: 01 December 1969 Article history Received: 24 July 1969 Accepted: 17 September 1969 Published: 01 December 1969
Ion/Molecule Reactions To Chemically Deconvolute the Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectra of Synthetic Polymers (2006)

A new approach has been developed to analyze synthetic polymers via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Ion/molecule reactions, a unique feature of trapping instruments such as quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers, can be used to chemically deconvolute the molecular mass distribution of polymers from the charge-state distribution generated by electrospray ionization. The reaction involves stripping charge from multiply charged oligomers to reduce the number of charge states. This reduces or eliminates the overlapping of oligomers from adjacent charge states. 15-Crown-5 was used to strip alkali cations (Na+) from several narrow polydisperse poly(ethylene glycol) standards. The charge-state distribution of each oligomer is reduced to primarily one charge state. Individual oligomers can be resolved, and the average molecular mass and polydispersities can be calculated for the polymers examined here. In most cases, the measured number-average molecular mass values are within 10% of the manufacturers' reported values obtained by gel permeation chromatography. The polydispersity was typically underestimated compared to values reported by the suppliers. Mn values were obtained with 0.5% RSD and are independent, over several orders of magnitude, of the polymer and cation concentration. The distributions that were obtained fit quite well to the Gaussian distribution indicating no high- or low-mass discriminations.
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1β Mediates Cell Survival through Enhancing Autophagy in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2013)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) hold great potential for cell-based therapy, yet the therapeutic efficacy remains uncertain. Transplanted BMSCs often fail to engraft within the bone marrow (BM), in part due to the poor survival of donor cells in response to inflammatory reactions, hypoxia, oxidative stress, or nutrient starvation. Two basic cell processes, apoptosis and autophagy, could potentially be responsible for the impaired survival of transplanted BMSCs. However, the functional relationship between apoptosis and autophagy in BMSC homeostasis is complex and not well understood. The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling axis appears to be critical in maintaining proliferation and survival of BM stem cell populations through improving cell proliferation and survival in response to stress; however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. We recently described novel genetically engineered Tet-Off-SDF-1β BMSCs, which over-express SDF-1β under tight doxycycline-control, thus providing an ideal model system to investigate the isolated effects of SDF-1β. In this study we tested the hypothesis that SDF-1β can mediate cell survival of BMSCs in vitro through increasing autophagy. We found that SDF-1β had no effect on BMSC proliferation; however, SDF-1β significantly protected genetically engineered BMSCs from H2O2-induced cell death through increasing autophagy and decreasing caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Taken together, we provide novel evidence that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis, specifically activated by the SDF-1β isoform, plays a critical role in regulating BMSC survival under oxidative stress through increasing autophagy.
Cyclin D1 Overexpression in Spitz Nevi: An Immunohistochemical Study (1999)

The morphologic distinction between Spitz nevus and malignant melanoma can be difficult. Because cyclin D1 has been reported to be overexpressed in malignant melanomas, but not in common acquired nevi, we hypothesized that cyclin D1 might be a useful marker to distinguish Spitz nevi from malignant melanoma. Thus, we assessed for cyclin D1 expression in 11 Spitz nevi (10 compound and 1 intradermal) and 9 malignant melanomas (4 Clark stages I-III and 5 Clark stages IV-V) using an immunohistochemical method and routinely fixed and processed tissues. The cyclin D1 results were arbitrarily divided into three groups: 0% to 10%, >10% to 25%, and >25%. We confirmed the observations reported previously by others that cyclin D1 is expressed in malignant melanomas but not in common acquired nevi. Unexpectedly, a relatively high number of cyclin D1-positive cells (i.e., >10%) was also found in all cases of Spitz nevus. However, unlike malignant melanoma, the cyclin D1 positivity in Spitz nevi was present in a zonal pattern. In other words, the number of cyclin D1-positive cells decreased as the lesion extended more deeply, with the number of positive cells in the reticular dermis being less than that in the papillary dermis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization methods were used to assess amplification of 11q13, the locus harboring the cyclin D1 gene, in four cases of Spitz nevus; all were disomic. Using the antibody MIB-1, we compared cyclin D1 expression to the proliferation rate in Spitz nevi. Despite the high cyclin D1 positivity, all Spitz nevi had a relatively low number of MIB-1-positive cells (mean=3.2%), which was significantly lower than that of malignant melanomas (mean=15.3%) (p < 0.001). Thus, unlike malignant melanoma, there appears to be a dissociation between cyclin D1 overexpression and cell proliferation in Spitz nevi.
Preparation of an ultra fast binding cement from calcium silicate-based mixed oxide nanoparticles (2007)

Building construction takes time, in part because the binding process of cement is based on the slow re-crystallization and precipitation of calcium silicate species. Since the material's reactivity is surface area limited, a reduction in particle size of Portland cements has been used to prepare faster binding formulations. The present work investigates a new and direct, one-step preparation of calcium silicate-based nanoparticles of a typical Portland cement composition by flame spray synthesis. Isothermal calorimetry revealed that the hardening of this new nano-cement corroborated a more than tenfold increase of initial reactivity with different reaction kinetics if compared to conventionally prepared cements. At present, the unfavourably high porosity of nano-cements, however, underlines the need for additional improvements of chemical composition and formulation to make these highly reactive materials applicable to modern construction work, where load-bearing strength is of importance.
The Importance of Appropriate Laboratory Procedures for the Determination of Scale Inhibitor Performance (2002)

Abstract Inhibitor performance in terms of the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) or the threshold concentration required to prevent scale is the most important aspect for scale control additives. The laboratory test protocols adopted throughout the industry are very similar and are based upon static "bulk" inhibition performance tests and dynamic "tube blocking" inhibitor performance tests. However it has become evident from field selection studies that performance results, obtained from different laboratories using similar techniques, can be significantly different. In this paper the various procedural differences are described. Results are presented from an extensive series of comparative performance tests examining both static and dynamic performance against calcium carbonate and barium sulphate scale. The results clearly demonstrate how relatively small differences in test procedure, as currently adopted by different laboratories, can have a significant impact on determined MIC values and comparative performance of different species. Such procedural modifications can therefore impact upon the reliability of data obtained in field chemical selection studies and the determination of dose levels, leading to the selection of less effective products. Tests examine the comparative performance2,3 and for selecting scale inhibitor products prior impact of test procedures on generically different inhibitor species including phosphonate, polyacrylate and polyvinylsulphonate chemistries. The impact of the following aspects are covered: The inclusion of bicarbonate ions on both static and dynamic barium sulphate performance tests.The manner in which pH adjustment impacts dynamic sulphate and carbonate performance tests.Effect of flow rate, un time, coil dimensions and pre-scaling on dynamic barium sulphate and carbonate performance tests. Significant changes in both MIC values and also product ranking are recorded using variations on the standard test protocols commonly used in different laboratories, which demonstrates that more standardised and field appropriate procedures are required. The results in terms of changes in MIC and ranking of the different products are then explained mechanistically based upon the properties of the different products and the impact of modifications to test procedures. Examples of comparative performance for particular field cases are shown which demonstrate the importance of a field appropriate procedure. Finally, recommended test protocols will be detailed based upon the findings of this study.