gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Sizing of Paper with Rosin Compounds. (1911)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Sizing of Paper with Rosin Compounds.J. Stewart. Remington, Douglas A. Bowack, and Percy. DavidsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1911, 3, 7, 466–471Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1911Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1911https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50031a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50031a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Self-Generating Liquid MOCVD Precursors for Thin Films of Zinc Oxide (2000)

Three novel Zn(hfa)2·2H2O·polyether adducts have been prepared through simple procedures with stoichiometric quantities of zinc hydroxide, Hhfa, and polyether. The products have been characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray single-crystal analysis, fast atom bombardment mass spectra, 1H and 19F NMR spectra, thermogravimetric (TG)−differential TG−differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal measurements, and infrared transmittance spectroscopy. An attempt to obtain water-free adduct was unsuccessful even using excess polyethers. X-ray single-crystal data of the Zn(hfa)2·2H2O·diglyme adduct show that the polyether does not coordinate to the metal center. Nevertheless, metrical data are indicative of bridging interactions involving the oxygen of one coordinated H2O molecule and the three oxygens of the diglyme. Very mild heating (37−51 °C) results in liquid compounds that, in turn, can easily be evaporated. Preliminary gas-phase Fourier transform-IR measurements in vacuo suggest that the anhydrous Zn(hfa)2·diglyme forms upon evaporation due to competing H2O and diglyme ancillary ligation. Deposition experiments, in a low-pressure horizontal hot-wall reactor, on fused SiO2 (quartz) substrates, result in ZnO films. X-ray diffraction measurements provide evidence that they consist of hexagonal (002) and (10l) oriented, crystals. UV−vis spectra show that the transmittance of as deposited films in the visible region is about 90%.
Distribution of CD1A‐positive langerhans cells and lymphocyte subsets in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. An immunohistological study on frozen sections (1995)

Abstract The distribution of CD1a‐positive Langerhans cells, CD4‐positive T‐helper cells, and CD8‐positive T‐suppressor cells in 36 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder was studied immunohistochemically on frozen sections. Multiple tissue specimens from the tumour, the adjacent mucosa, and random bladder wall biopsies were examined. Langerhans cells were mainly interspersed among the tumour cells, whereas T‐helper cells were present in aggregates in the stroma. T‐suppressor cells were present both in aggregates in the stroma and among the tumour cells. There was a marginal relationship between the density of Langerhans cells and the density of T‐helper/inducer cells and a good relationship with CD8‐positive cells. There was no statistically significant difference in the population density of Langerhans cells associated with the various clinicopathological variables, including growth pattern, histological grade and stage, or patient's age and sex. On the contrary, a statistically significant difference was found in the CD1a/CD4 ratio among specimens of different grades. These results show that CD1a cell populations correlate with T‐cell populations in bladder cancer, suggesting that Langerhans cells take part in the immune response carried out by T lymphocytes, their task being apparently antigen presentation.
Rhale: A 3-D Mmale Code For Unstructured Grids (1993)

Functional connectivity is crucial for cognitive processes in the healthy brain and serves as a marker for a range of neuropathological conditions. Non-invasive exploration of functional coupling using temporally resolved techniques such as MEG allows for a unique opportunity of exploring this fundamental brain mechanism. The indirect nature of MEG measurements complicates the estimation of functional coupling due to the volume conduction and spatial leakage effects. In the previous work (Ossadtchi et al., 2018), we introduced PSIICOS, a method that for the first time allowed us to suppress the volume conduction effect and yet retain information about functional networks whose nodes are coupled with close to zero or zero mutual phase lag. In this paper, we demonstrate analytically that the PSIICOS projection is optimal in achieving a controllable trade-off between suppressing mutual spatial leakage and retaining information about zero- or close to zero-phase coupled networks. We also derive an alternative solution using the regularization-based inverse of the mutual spatial leakage matrix and show its equivalence to the original PSIICOS. We then discuss how PSIICOS solution to the functional connectivity estimation problem can be incorporated into the conventional source estimation framework. Instead of sources, the unknowns are the elementary dyadic networks and their activation time series are formalized by the corresponding source-space cross-spectral coefficients. This view on connectivity estimation as a regression problem opens up new opportunities for formulating a set of principled estimators based on the rich intuition accumulated in the neuroimaging community.
INNOVATIVE MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING. VOLUME 2: POTHOLE REPAIR (1993)

This pothole repair experiment, conducted as part of the Strategic Highway Research Program H-106 project, is the most extensive attempt to date to improve the state of the practice for pothole repair operations. Pothole repair in asphalt concrete pavements is one of the most commonly performed maintenance operations for most agencies, especially in areas where cold winters and warm, wet springs contribute to accelerated pavement breakup every year. Potholes also hold the distinction of being the most aggravating pavement distress to the traveling public. The SHRP H-106 project is the first major effort undertaken to test cold-mix asphalt patching materials, those most commonly used for winter and springtime pothole repairs. The primary goal of this project was to identify those materials and techniques that are potentially the most cost effective.
Selective glucocorticoid receptor-activating adjuvant therapy in cancer treatments (2016)

Although adverse effects and glucocorticoid resistance cripple their chronic use, glucocorticoids form the mainstay therapy for acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, and play an important role in treatment protocols of both lymphoid malignancies and as adjuvant to stimulate therapy tolerability in various solid tumors. Glucocorticoid binding to their designate glucocorticoid receptor (GR), sets off a plethora of cell-specific events including therapeutically desirable effects, such as cell death, as well as undesirable effects, including chemotherapy resistance, systemic side effects and glucocorticoid resistance. In this context, selective GR agonists and modulators (SEGRAMs) with a more restricted GR activity profile have been developed, holding promise for further clinical development in anti-inflammatory and potentially in cancer therapies. Thus far, the research into the prospective benefits of selective GR modulators in cancer therapy limped behind. Our review discusses how selective GR agonists and modulators could improve the therapy regimens for lymphoid malignancies, prostate or breast cancer. We summarize our current knowledge and look forward to where the field should move to in the future. Altogether, our review clarifies novel therapeutic perspectives in cancer modulation via selective GR targeting.
Reducing Binary Quadratic Forms for More Scalable Quantum Annealing (2017)

Recent advances in the development of commercial quantum annealers such as the D-Wave 2X allow solving NP-hard optimization problems that can be expressed as quadratic unconstrained binary programs. However, the relatively small number of available qubits (around 1000 for the D-Wave 2X quantum annealer) poses a severe limitation to the range of problems that can be solved. This paper explores the suitability of preprocessing methods for reducing the sizes of the input programs and thereby the number of qubits required for their solution on quantum computers. Such methods allow us to determine the value of certain variables that hold in either any optimal solution (called strong persistencies) or in at least one optimal solution (weak persistencies). We investigate preprocessing methods for two important NP-hard graph problems, the computation of a maximum clique and a maximum cut in a graph. We show that the identification of strong and weak persistencies for those two optimization problems is very instance-specific,but can lead to substantial reductions in the number of variables.
Measurement of tricyclic antidepressants. Part I. A review of methodology. (1980)

Journal Article Measurement of tricyclic antidepressants. Part I. A review of methodology. Get access B A Scoggins, B A Scoggins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K P Maguire, K P Maguire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T R Norman, T R Norman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G D Burrows G D Burrows Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 26, Issue 1, 1 January 1980, Pages 5–17, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/26.1.5 Published: 01 January 1980
The IL-6/IL-6R binding interface. proposed mechanism of interaction (1996)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
The Akt Proto-oncogene Links Ras to Pak and Cell Survival Signals (2000)

The Ras oncogene regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation, transformation, and survival through multiple downstream signals. Ras signals through its effector phosphoinositide 3 (PI3) kinase to the Pak protein kinase (p65(pak)), but the steps from Ras to Pak remain to be elucidated. PI3 kinase can stimulate the small G protein, Rac, a direct activator of Pak, as well as the Akt proto-oncogene, a serine-threonine protein kinase. We found that activated Akt stimulated Pak, whereas a dominant negative Akt inhibited Ras activation of Pak in transfection assays. Akt stimulation of Pak was not inhibited by dominant negative mutants of either Rac or Cdc42 suggesting that Akt activated Pak through a GTPase-independent mechanism. We also developed a novel cell-free system to study Ras activation of Pak. In this system Ras activated Pak only in the presence of a crude cell extract but failed to activate Pak when Akt was immunodepleted from the extract. Akt protects cells from apoptosis through phosphorylation of downstream targets such as the Bcl-2 family member, Bad. We found that activated Pak decreased apoptosis and increased phosphorylation of Bad, whereas dominant negative Pak increased apoptosis and decreased phosphorylation of Bad. These studies define a new oncogene-mediated cell survival signal.
Étude structurale de la liaison thioamide: Synthèse et conformation de dérivés de la thioalanine et de la thioglycine (1989)

The present study reports the synthesis, crystal structure determinations, and the conformational analysis of N-tertiobutyloxycarbonyl N′-methylthioalanine (Boc-AlaS-NHCH 3 , C 9 H 18 N 2 O 2 S) and of N-tertiobutyloxycarbonyl N′-methylthioglycine (Boc-GlyS-NHCH 3 , C 8 H 16 N 2 O 2 S). The particular feature of these compounds is the replacement of the classical oxopeptide linkage by a thioamide bond. Crystals of Boc-AlaS-NHCH 3 are tetragonal, space group P4 3 2 1 2. Those of Boc-GlyS-NHCH 3 are monoclinic, space group P2 1 /c. Both structures were solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares methods to Rw = 0.045 and 0.035 for 827 and 1335 reflections respectively, with intensities greater than 2.5σ(I). The conformations of both compounds correspond to conformational energy minima, calculated for classical amino acids. The C=S bond lengths of 1.665(9) and 1.650(3) Å constitute the major difference compared to oxopeptides; the crystal structures reveal that the presence of the sulfur atom does not change the electronic properties of the peptide bond. Using a classical method for the study of peptides (ECEPP/2), conformational energy maps were computed for derivatives of dithioalanine and dithioglycine and are compared to the oxo residues. We conclude that the synthesis and conformational analysis of thionated amino acids allow us to introduce the thioamide linkage into more complex peptide structures and to predict the conformational behaviour. Keywords: molecular conformations, peptidic structure, crystallography.
Mining Bases for Association Rules Using Closed Sets (2005)

We address the problem of the usefulness and the relevance of the set of discovered association rules. Using the frequent closed itemset groundwork, we propose to generate bases for association rules, that are non-redundant generating sets for all association rules.
[abc]-Annelated [18]annulenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT[abc]-Annelated [18]annulenesHerbert Meier, Holger Kretzschmann, and Heinz KolshornCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 25, 6847–6852Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00051a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00051a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views448Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The influence of molecular weight of chitosan on the physical and biological properties of collagen/chitosan scaffolds (2006)

Biopolymer blends between collagen and chitosan have the potential to produce cell scaffolds with biocompatible properties. However, the relationship between the molecular weight of chitosan and its effect on physical and biological properties of collagen/chitosan scaffolds has not been elucidated yet. Porous scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying the solution of collagen and chitosan, followed by cross-linking by dehydrothermal treatment. Various types of scaffolds were prepared using chitosan with various molecular weights and blending ratios. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proved that collagen and chitosan scaffolds at all blending ratios contained mainly electrostatic interactions at the molecular level. The compressive modulus decreased with increasing the concentration of chitosan. Equilibrium swelling ratios of approximately 6-8, determined in phosphate-buffered saline at physiological pH (7.4), were found in case of collagen-dominated scaffolds. The lysozyme biodegradation test demonstrated that the presence of chitosan, especially the high-molecular-weight species, could significantly prolong the biodegradation of collagen/chitosan scaffolds. In vitro culture of L929 mouse connective tissue fibroblast evidenced that low-molecular-weight chitosan was more effective to promote and accelerate cell proliferation, particularly for scaffolds containing 30 wt% chitosan. The results elucidated that the blends of collagen with low-molecular-weight chitosan have a high potential to be applied as new materials for skin-tissue engineering.
Best Practice for the Distribution and Metering of Two-Phase Steam (1997)

Summary For a steamflood project to be successful, steam of predetermined quality and rate must be delivered to each injection well. This paper presents a comprehensive review of devices and methods that are aimed at providing accurate distribution and metering of two-phase steam. A best practice recommended for optimizing the distribution and metering process consists of several tools and procedures, including the following. Using impacting tees, with or without insert devices, to maintain uniform steam quality throughout a piping network. Controlling the steam rate at each wellhead using a critical flow choke, with a straight-bore or tapered-bore bean insert. Periodically measuring steam rate and quality at each injector using a two-phase separator vessel. Monitoring wellhead rates on a biweekly or monthly basis using measured steam temperatures upstream and downstream of the wellhead chokes.
<i>In vivo</i> dosimetry in brachytherapy (2013)

In vivo dosimetry (IVD) has been used in brachytherapy (BT) for decades with a number of different detectors and measurement technologies. However, IVD in BT has been subject to certain difficulties and complexities, in particular due to challenges of the high-gradient BT dose distribution and the large range of dose and dose rate. Due to these challenges, the sensitivity and specificity toward error detection has been limited, and IVD has mainly been restricted to detection of gross errors. Given these factors, routine use of IVD is currently limited in many departments. Although the impact of potential errors may be detrimental since treatments are typically administered in large fractions and with high-gradient-dose-distributions, BT is usually delivered without independent verification of the treatment delivery. This Vision 20/20 paper encourages improvements within BT safety by developments of IVD into an effective method of independent treatment verification.
Barus effect in nylon 6 polymer melts (1974)

The maximum diameter of broadening of nylon 6 polymer melts due to the Barus effect dmax were measured under various conditions of spinneret die dimensions and polymer temperatures. The results obtained were formulated and compared with the typical past theories on the mechanism of occurrence of the Barus effect. The Barus effect was formulated by using the relation between stress and strain in the theory of rubber elasticity: where τs is the shear stress generated inside the spinneret die, T is the absolute temperature of polymer melts, λ is the elongation ratio parallel to the polymer stream, and d0 is the diameter of spinneret die. This formula coincides with the experimental results.
Design considerations and experimental results for MRI systems using HTS magnets (2016)

An increasing number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems using high temperature superconductors (HTS) magnets have been designed and constructed, with detailed results of their performance now available. Features of REBCO and BSCCO conductors are described as they pertain to use in high homogeneity magnets, with emphasis placed on the practical use of these conductors in magnets. Methods of coil winding are discussed, in particular the differences between pancake and layer winding techniques. Design considerations for HTS magnets are presented in light of the difficulties presented by quench in these magnets, but also in terms of the features of HTS magnets afforded by their high operating temperatures, namely robust cryogen free operation and the potential to use unshielded gradient coils. Drawing on two example MRI systems, namely a 3 T BSCCO brain imaging magnet developed in Japan and a 1.5 T REBCO orthopaedic imaging system developed in New Zealand, the report details real-world stability and homogeneity of HTS-MRI systems, in particular with regards to the screening current effects observed in these systems. It is concluded that, apart from conductor cost, there are currently no technical obstacles to use of HTS-MRI systems.
Survey of Assessment and MAnagement of CoRonary Heart Disease PaTients (SMART) in India. (2017)

UA is the commonest and NSTEMI is the least common type of ACS observed in our study. We observed important differences in patient profile, time to hospital presentation, in-hospital acute pharmacological management and vascular interventions performed between the three different types of ACS.
Pre-treatment with mesenchymal stem cells reduces ventilator-induced lung injury (2012)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduce acute lung injury in animals challenged by bleomycin or bacterial lipopolysaccaride. It is not known, however, whether MSCs protect from ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). This study investigated whether MSCs have a potential role in preventing or modulating VILI in healthy rats subjected to high-volume ventilation. 24 Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were subjected to high-volume mechanical ventilation (25 mL·kg(-1)). MSCs (5 × 10(6)) were intravenously or intratracheally administered (n=8 each) 30 min before starting over-ventilation and eight rats were MSC-untreated. Spontaneously breathing anesthetised rats (n=8) served as controls. After 3 h of over-ventilation or control the animals were sacrificed and lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were sampled for further analysis. When compared with controls, MSC-untreated over-ventilated rats exhibited typical VILI features. Lung oedema, histological lung injury index, concentrations of total protein, interleukin-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and number of neutrophils in BALF and vascular cell adhesion protein-1 in lung tissue significantly increased in over-ventilated rats. All these indices of VILI moved significantly towards normalisation in the rats treated with MSCs, whether intravenously or intratracheally. Both local and systemic pre-treatment with MSCs reduced VILI in a rat model.