gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three Dimensional Fuzzy Logic Based-Map Matching Algorithm for Location Based Service Applications in Urban Canyons (2004)

A major portion of the Location-Based Services (LBS) market deals with applications involving in-car navigation systems. Many such LBS applications involve positioning in urban areas which contain high rise buildings. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most popular choice for navigating vehicles, primarily due to its autonomous positioning ability. Although GPS has good positioning accuracy in open sky conditions, it suffers from line-of-sight issues in downtown areas with urban canyons. This reduces effectiveness as the satellite availability is degraded. The other major problem associated with positioning in urban canyons is the multipath error arising from reflections off buildings. The availability can be improved by using a High Sensitivity GPS (HS GPS) receiver which can acquire and track weak signals. However, weak signal tracking may introduce large errors and noise in measurements. Thus, integrity monitoring is necessary with such receivers in signal degraded environments. This monitoring is effective if constraints can be imposed on the position parameters. In this paper a height-aided map matching algorithm is proposed to improve vehicle navigation in urban canyons. The input to the system comes from a low cost gyro (Murata ENV-05), a HS GPS receiver, a map database and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The information from the map and DEM are used as constraints in outlier detection and for enhanced position computation. A comparison is done between the results obtained by the proposed algorithm and two dimensional map matching approaches. The results show an improvement of more than 25% in the computation of an optimal navigation solution.
THE PLASTEIN REACTION AND ITS APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW (1976)

ABSTRACT Various methods for removing the bitterness arising from enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean and casein are reviewed. The plastein reaction is discussed in detail as well as its use in incorporating essential amino acids into the structure of soy protein plastein. Practical use of the β/α parameter in controlling the plastein reaction and in trying to enhance plastein productivity is reviewed along with alternate theories for plastein formation. Concludes that the plastein reaction has great potential (from a food processing point of view) provided the process can be controlled on an industrial scale; however, more intensive theoretical and practical investigations are needed before commercial utilization will be successful.
Molecular characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae strains deficient in alpha-like protein encoding genes (2016)

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci, GBS) are important human and animal pathogens, which can be subdivided based on different capsular polysaccharides and surface-anchored alpha-like proteins (Alps), as well as other proteins. Nearly all GBS strains possess an Alp (Alp GBS), although Alp-negative GBS (non-Alp GBS) do occur. In this study, 10 (1.1 %) of 932 clinical human GBS tested lacked an Alp encoding gene. All 10 strains were from patients with bloodstream infection, confirming that non-Alp GBS can be highly virulent. All non-Alp GBS expressed one or more of the surface-anchored proteins R3, Z1 and Z2, while less than 10 % of unselected clinical strains express any of these proteins. In contrast to Alp GBS, all non-Alp strains tested were PCR negative for the upstream sequence of the insertion site of the Alp encoding gene of Alp GBS. Genome sequencing showed that all but one of the 10 clinical non-Alp strains and the non-Alp reference strain CNCTC 10/84 lacked a region surrounding the Alp gene commonly present in Alp GBS strains. These strains instead harboured an 849 bp region not present in the Cα prototype strain A909. We have shown that non-Alp GBS differ from Alp GBS in the region surrounding the insertion site of Alp genes of Alp GBS as well as in their content of other surface proteins and that PCR for the upstream flanking region of the Alp gene may be useful for differentiation between Alp and non-Alp GBS.
Micro-Opportunistic Scheduling: The Micro-Boss Factory Scheduler (1994)

A major challenge for research in production management is to develop new finite-capacity scheduling techniques and tools that (1) can account more precisely for actual production management constraints and objectives, (2) are better suited for handling production contingencies, and (3) allow the user to interactively manipulate the production schedule to reflect idiosyncratic constraints and preferences not easily amenable to representation in the computer model.This paper describes Micro-Boss, a decision-support system for factory scheduling currently under development at Camegie Mellon University.Micro-Boss aims at generating and maintaining high-quality realistic production schedules by combining powerful predictive, reactive, and interactive scheduling capabilities.Specifically, the system relies on new micro-opportunistic search heuristics that enable it to constantly revise its scheduling strategy during the construction or repair of a schedule.These search heuristics are shown to be more effective than less flexible scheduling techniques proposed in the Operations Research and Artificial Intelligence literature.
A Conserved Quadruplex Motif Located in a Transcription Activation Site of the Human c-kit Oncogene (2006)

The c-kit gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, whose engagement by its ligand triggers signals leading to cell proliferation. c-kit activity is elevated in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), and its therapeutic inhibition by small molecules such as imatinib is clinically validated. We identified a putative quadruplex forming 21-nucleotide sequence upstream of the c-kit transcription initiation site (c-kit21), on the G-rich strand, which occupies a site required for core promoter activity. Here, we show by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), circular dichroism (CD), and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopic methods that c-kit21 forms quadruplexes under physiological conditions. Mutational analysis of c-kit21 has provided insights into its structural polymorphism. In particular, one mutated form appears to form a single quadruplex species that adopts a parallel conformation. The quadruplex-forming sequence shows a high level of sequence conservation across human, mouse, rat, and chimpanzee. The small variation in sequence between the quadruplex in human/chimpanzee as compared to the rat/mouse was examined more closely by biophysical methods. Despite a variation in the sequence and length of loop 2, the quadruplexes showed both comparable CD spectra, indicative of parallel quadruplexes, and also similar thermal-stability profiles, suggesting conservation of biophysical characteristics. Collectively, the evidence suggests that this quadruplex is a serious target for a detailed functional investigation at the cell-biology level.
New Algorithms for Aircraft Intent Inference and Trajectory Prediction (2007)

Aircraft tracking, intent inference, and trajectory predictions are important tools for enhanced capacity in air traffic control operations. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that performs these three tasks accurately. The algorithm uses a hybrid estimation algorithm to estimate the aircraft's state and flight mode. These estimates are combined with knowledge about air traffic control regulations, the aircraft's flight plan, and the environment to infer the pilot's intent. Trajectory predictions are computed as a function of the aircraft's motion (state and mode estimates) and the inferred intent The result is an algorithm that provides, in real-time, accurate intent and trajectory predictions for aircraft. We analyze and test the performance of the proposed algorithm with various scenarios representative of current and future aircraft operations within the National Airspace System.
Viral fusogenic membrane glycoproteins kill solid tumor cells by nonapoptotic mechanisms that promote cross presentation of tumor antigens by dendritic cells. (2002)

Expression of viral fusogenic membrane glycoproteins (FMGs) is a potent strategy for antitumor cytotoxic gene therapy in which tumor cells are fused into large multinucleated syncytia. To understand how local cell killing can potentiate activation of antitumor immune responses, we characterized the mechanism of FMG-mediated cell killing. Here, we show that syncytia are highly ordered structures over 24-48 h but then die through processes that, by multiple morphological and biochemical criteria, bear very little resemblance to classical apoptosis. Death of syncytia is associated with nuclear fusion and premature chromosome condensation as well as severe ATP depletion and autophagic degeneration, accompanied by release of vesicles reminiscent of exosomes (syncytiosomes). Dying syncytia produce significantly more syncytiosomes than normal cells or cells killed by irradiation, freeze thaw, or osmotic shock. These syncytiosomes also load dendritic cells (DCs) more effectively than exosomes from cells dying by other mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate that syncytiosomes from either autologous or allogeneic fusing melanoma cells lead to cross-presentation of a defined tumor antigen, gp100, by DCs to a gp100-specific CTL clone. Cross-presentation was significantly more efficient than that with exosomes from normal, irradiated, or herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir-killed tumor cells. Therefore, FMG-mediated cell killing combines very effective local tumor cell killing with the potential to be a highly immunogenic method of cytotoxic gene therapy. In addition, these data open the way for novel methods of loading DCs with relevant tumor-associated antigens for vaccine development.
Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized <i>in vivo</i> proton NMR spectra (1993)

The LCModel method analyzes an in vivo spectrum as a Linear Combination of Model spectra of metabolite solutions in vitro. By using complete model spectra, rather than just individual resonances, maximum information and uniqueness are incorporated into the analysis. A constrained regularization method accounts for differences in phase, baseline, and lineshapes between the in vitro and in vivo spectra, and estimates the metabolite concentrations and their uncertainties. LCModel is fully automatic in that the only input is the time-domain in vivo data. The lack of subjective interaction should help the exchange and comparison of results. More than 3000 human brain STEAM spectra from patients and healthy volunteers have been analyzed with LCModel. N-acetylaspartate, cholines, creatines, myo-inositol, and glutamate can be reliably determined, and abnormal levels of these or elevated levels of lactate, alanine, scyllo-inositol, glutamine, or glucose clearly indicate numerous pathologies. A computer program will be available.
An Introduction to B-Cell Epitope Mapping and In Silico Epitope Prediction (2016)

Identification of B-cell epitopes is a fundamental step for development of epitope-based vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and diagnostic tools. Epitope-based antibodies are currently the most promising class of biopharmaceuticals. In the last decade, in-depth in silico analysis and categorization of the experimentally identified epitopes stimulated development of algorithms for epitope prediction. Recently, various in silico tools are employed in attempts to predict B-cell epitopes based on sequence and/or structural data. The main objective of epitope identification is to replace an antigen in the immunization, antibody production, and serodiagnosis. The accurate identification of B-cell epitopes still presents major challenges for immunologists. Advances in B-cell epitope mapping and computational prediction have yielded molecular insights into the process of biorecognition and formation of antigen-antibody complex, which may help to localize B-cell epitopes more precisely. In this paper, we have comprehensively reviewed state-of-the-art experimental methods for B-cell epitope identification, existing databases for epitopes, and novel in silico resources and prediction tools available online. We have also elaborated new trends in the antibody-based epitope prediction. The aim of this review is to assist researchers in identification of B-cell epitopes.
On the origin of the remarkable stability of aqueous foams stabilised by nanoparticles: link with microscopic surface properties (2008)

We have performed a quantitative study of the coarsening of foams stabilised by partially hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. We have used a variety of techniques: optical and electron microscopy, microfluidics, and multiple light scattering. Using earlier studies of planar particle monolayers, we have been able to correlate the interfacial properties and the macroscopic temporal evolution of the foam. This has shed light on the origin of the absence of coarsening of particle-stabilised foams. Such particle-stabilised foams appear to be the only known foam system where coarsening is inhibited by surface elasticity.
Initial Studies on Active Immunization of HIV-Infected Subjects Using a gp120-Depleted HIV-1 Immunogen: Long-Term Follow-Up (1996)

In 1987, exploratory clinical studies were initiated to determine whether the development of AIDS in HIV-infected individuals might be delayed or prevented by immunization with an inactivated HIV preparation. Preclinical studies had shown the preparation to be safe and immunogenic. Twenty-three patients with biopsy-confirmed persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (CDC III) and two with asymptomatic HIV infection and CD4 lymphocyte counts between 135 and 769/mm3 were studied, of whom eight (32%) had additional HIV-related symptoms. Over a 3-year period, they received a median of eight open-label inoculations of 100 micrograms of inactivated gp 120-depleted HIV-1 Immunogen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Clinical, general laboratory, immunologic, and virologic parameters were followed for up to 6 years. No serious treatment-related adverse experiences were reported, nor was accelerated HIV disease progression seen. Twelve patients developed a delayed-type hypersensitivity response (HIV-DTH) to the immunogen and nine showed fourfold or greater increases in anti-p24 antibody titers. In the follow-up period, 10 of the 25 patients developed AIDS and one with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) at baseline progressed. Of the 12 patients who became HIV-DTH-responsive, one developed an opportunistic infection (OI), occurring approximately 5 years from study onset, and subsequently died. One additional HIV-DTH responder developed KS. Of the 13 patients who remained HIV-DTH-nonresponsive, nine (69%) progressed to AIDS and seven of these have died. Differences were also observed in terms of HIV-DNA copy number, CD4 percentages, and anti-p24 antibody patterns between the HIV-DTH-responsive and -nonresponsive groups, suggesting a more favorable clinical course in the former. HIV-1 Immunogen in IFA appears to be safe and immunogenic. Further studies are indicated to determine clinical efficacy of the HIV Immunogen as well as the significance of the apparent correlation between HIV-DTH responsivity and a more favorable clinical course.
The First Liquefaction of High‐Rank Bituminous Coals by Preceding Hydrogenation with Homogeneous Borane or Iodine Catalysts (2006)

In view of escalating oil prices, new processes are needed for the conversion of coal to liquid fuels. The first “real” coal hydrogenation in the sense of hydrogen addition to unsaturated CC bonds enables the liquefaction of high-rank bituminous coals, which up to now could be processed only by combustion or gasification.
Learning Anytime Predictions in Neural Networks via Adaptive Loss Balancing (2019)

This work considers the trade-off between accuracy and testtime computational cost of deep neural networks (DNNs) via anytime predictions from auxiliary predictions. Specifically, we optimize auxiliary losses jointly in an adaptive weighted sum, where the weights are inversely proportional to average of each loss. Intuitively, this balances the losses to have the same scale. We demonstrate theoretical considerations that motivate this approach from multiple viewpoints, including connecting it to optimizing the geometric mean of the expectation of each loss, an objective that ignores the scale of losses. Experimentally, the adaptive weights induce more competitive anytime predictions on multiple recognition data-sets and models than non-adaptive approaches including weighing all losses equally. In particular, anytime neural networks (ANNs) can achieve the same accuracy faster using adaptive weights on a small network than using static constant weights on a large one. For problems with high performance saturation, we also show a sequence of exponentially deepening ANNs can achieve near-optimal anytime results at any budget, at the cost of a const fraction of extra computation.
Object identity as a query language primitive (1989)

We demonstrate the power of object identities (oid's) as a database query language primitive. We develop an object-based data model, whose structural part generalizes most of the known complex-object data models: cyclicity is allowed in both its schemas and instances. Our main contribution is the operational part of the data model, the query language IQL, which uses oid's for three critical purposes: (1) to represent data-structures with sharing and cycles, (2) to manipulate sets and (3) to express any computable database query. IQL can be statically type checked, can be evaluated bottom-up and naturally generalizes most popular rule-based database languages. The model can also be extended to incorporate type inheritance, without changes to IQL. Finally, we investigate an analogous value-based data model, whose structural part is founded on regular infinite trees and whose operational part is IQL.
Contractual Risk and Internet Commerce (2000)

This article uses a risk management approach to analyse a number of contractual risks that affect businesses that conduct Internet commerce. Collectively, these contractual risks are referred to in this article as the risk that a business through the course of its Internet commerce dealings may become contractually bound to terms unintentionally ('contractual risk'). This contractual risk arises in five contexts in relation to Internet commerce: (i) Where a business's marketing and promotional activities (whether through the web or by e-mail) constitutes making an 'offer' rather than an 'invitation to treat'; (ii) Where a business's purported withdrawal of an 'offer' to a customer is precluded because the business's 'offer' has been accepted by a customer; (iii) Where during the course of negotiating the terms of an Internet transaction a 'battle of the forms' situation arises such that a customer's terms override the business's; (iv) Where the terms of the contract negotiated between a business and a customer are altered by erroneous transmission; and (v) Where the business's computer software used for conducting Internet commerce is erroneously programmed or malfunctions so it makes or accepts offers in circumstances unauthorised by the business. Risk management analysis indicates that the risk is a moderate risk, that is, failure to manage this contractual risk could expose a business to considerable loss. A business conducting Internet commerce, however, can take steps to manage this risk using risk management strategies such as those put forward in this article. At a theoretical level this article demonstrates that it is useful and legitimate to use risk management methodology in the context of legal risk. More specifically, in relation to Internet commerce, this article has practical significance as it analyses and provides risk management strategies for dealing with the one of the contractual risks associated with conducting Internet commerce.
Inflammation in Alzheimer Disease--A Brief Review of the Basic Science and Clinical Literature (2011)

Biochemical and neuropathological studies of brains from individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) provide clear evidence for an activation of inflammatory pathways, and long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs is linked with reduced risk to develop the disease. As cause and effect relationships between inflammation and AD are being worked out, there is a realization that some components of this complex molecular and cellular machinery are most likely promoting pathological processes leading to AD, whereas other components serve to do the opposite. The challenge will be to find ways of fine tuning inflammation to delay, prevent, or treat AD.
The past, present, and future of gaze-enabled handheld mobile devices (2018)

While first-generation mobile gaze interfaces required special-purpose hardware, recent advances in computational gaze estimation and the availability of sensor-rich and powerful devices is finally fulfilling the promise of pervasive eye tracking and eye-based interaction on off-the-shelf mobile devices. This work provides the first holistic view on the past, present, and future of eye tracking on handheld mobile devices. To this end, we discuss how research developed from building hardware prototypes, to accurate gaze estimation on unmodified smartphones and tablets. We then discuss implications by laying out 1) novel opportunities, including pervasive advertising and conducting in-the-wild eye tracking studies on handhelds, and 2) new challenges that require further research, such as visibility of the user's eyes, lighting conditions, and privacy implications. We discuss how these developments shape MobileHCI research in the future, possibly the next 20 years.
Elektrische Leitungsmechanismen (1987)

In der Elektrotechnik unterscheidet man zwischen dem Konvektionsstrom, der auf der Bewegung geladener Teilchen beruht, und dem Verschiebungsstrom, der durch ein zeitlich veränderliches elektrisches Feld bewirkt wird. In diesem Abschnitt soll ausschließlich der mit der Ladungsträgerbewegung verknüpfte Strom behandelt werden. Hierbei wird einleitend die Bewegung von Elektronen im Vakuum betrachtet.
New Triterpenoids from Gentiana lutea. (2003)

Three new triterpenoids, 2,3-seco-3-oxours-12-en-2-oic acid, 2,3-seco-3-oxoolean-12-en-2-oic acid, and betulin 3-O-palmitate, have been isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Gentiana lutea, together with five known ones. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectral and chemical methods.
Speech compression and evaluation (1978)

Abstract : This report describes our work in the past three years on data compression and quality evaluation of digital speech. We developed and implemented linear predictive coding (LPC) techniques with the overall objective of digitally transmitting high quality speech at the lowest possible average data rates over packet-switched communication media. Major techniques reported include: covariance lattice method of linear prediction analysis, adaptive lattice methods, linear predictive spectral warping, improved quantization of LPC parameters, variable frame rate transmission of LPC parameters based on a functional perceptual model of speech, and a mixed-source model for LPC synthesizer to produce more natural-sounding speech. Also, we developed a reliable method for measuring subjective speech quality. This method was employed to formally demonstrate the quality improvements provided by our speech analysis/synthesis techniques as well as for studying speech quality as a function of LPC parameters. As subjective procedures are generally expensive and time-consuming, we developed and tested several objective procedures for speech quality evaluation. The results from these objective procedures were found to be highly correlated to the corresponding subjective quality judgments. Another highlight of our work is the development of a speech processing computer facility with the ultimate goal of transmitting narrowband speech in real time over the ARPA Network.