gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of fully rodlike poly(4,4?-biphenylene pyromellitimide)s with various short side groups (1999)

Fully rodlike poly(4,4-biphenylene pyromellitimide) (PMDA–BZ) is so brittle in spite of its extremely high modulus. In this study, the brittleness was attempted to be improved without a significant sacrifice of the high modulus by incorporating short side groups. For this, benzidine monomers, which contain methyl, methoxy, fluoro, and trifluoromethyl at the 2,2′-positions, were synthesized and then used for polycondensation reactions with pyromellitic dianhydride in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, producing soluble poly(amic acids)s. The synthesized poly(amic acid)s were converted to the fully rodlike polyimides in films by a conventional spin-coating on substrates, soft bake, and thermal imidization. The brittleness of PMDA–BZ was successfully healed with a small portion of sacrifice in the modulus by incorporating methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethyl groups but could not be healed by the fluoro side group. The improvement in the brittleness might be contributed from the chain mobility and lateral chain packing order enhanced by the incorporation of the side groups, which are evident on the measured structures and properties. The structure and other properties were detected to be influenced by the incorporated side groups. The detailed structures and properties were interpreted by considering roles of side groups and the correlation between structure and properties, respectively. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 937–957, 1999
The Yap1p-dependent Induction of Glutathione Synthesis in Heat Shock Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)

Glutathione is synthesized in two sequential reactions catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1 gene product) and glutathione synthetase (GSH2 gene product). The expression of GSH1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been known to be up-regulated by Yap1p, a critical transcription factor for the oxidative stress response in yeast. The present study demonstrates that GSH2 expression is also regulated by Yap1p under oxidative stress-induced conditions. In addition to oxidative stress, expression of GSH1 and GSH2 was induced by heat shock stress in a Yap1p-dependent manner with subsequent increases in intracellular glutathione content. Oxygen respiration rate increased when cells were exposed to higher temperatures, and as a result, intracellular oxidation levels were increased. The heat shock-induced expression of GSH1 and GSH2 did not occur under anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, even under aerobic conditions, the heat shock response of these genes was not observed when cells were pretreated with KCN to block oxygen respiration. We speculate that heat shock stress enhances oxygen respiration, which in turn results in an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. This signal may be mediated by Yap1p, resulting in the elevation of intracellular glutathione levels.
Controlling the Wettability and Adhesion of Nanostructured Poly-(<i>p</i>-xylylene) Films (2007)

The hydrophobic surface properties of structured poly-(p-xylylene) (PPX) films, as measured by water wettability, are studied as functions of surface chemistry, film composition, and surface roughness. We demonstrate the fabrication of very hydrophobic surfaces and control over adhesion properties via nanoscale modulation of roughness, changes in composition, and alteration of the surface chemistry of PPX films. The formation of superhydrophobic surfaces through the chemisorption of fluoroalkylsiloxane coatings to hydroxyl sites created on the nanostructured PPX surface is also illustrated. The ability to control both hydrophobicity and adhesion using nanostructured PPX films is a promising development because it may lead to a new generation of coatings with applicability ranging from self-cleaning surfaces to robotics.
Synthesis of Nickel and Nickel Hydroxide Nanopowders by Simplified Chemical Reduction (2014)

Nickel nanopowders were synthesized by a chemical reduction of nickel ions with hydrazine hydrate at pH ~12.5. Sonication of the solutions created a temperature of 54–65°C to activate the reduction reaction of nickel nanoparticles. The solution pH affected the composition of the resulting nanoparticles. Nickel hydroxide nanoparticles were formed from an alkaline solution (pH~10) of nickel-hydrazine complexed by dropwise titration. X-ray diffraction of the powder and the analysis of the resulting Williamson-Hall plots revealed that the particle size of the powders ranged from 12 to 14 nm. Addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the synthesis decreased the nickel nanoparticle size to approximately 7 nm. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the particles were in the nanometer range. The structure of the synthesized nickel and nickel hydroxide nanoparticles was identified by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Modeling forest scenic beauty : concepts and application to ponderosa pine / (1984)

Statistical models are presented which relate near-view scenic beauty of ponderosa pine stands in the Southwest to variables describing physical characteristics. The models suggest that herbage and large ponderosa pine contribute to scenic beauty, while numbers of small and intermediate-sized pine trees and downed wood, especially as slash, detract from scenic beauty. Areas of lower overstory density and less tree clumping were preferred. Moderate harvest of relatively dense stands tends to improve scenic beauty once the stand has recovered from obvious harvest effects. The recovery period can be greatly reduced by slash cleanup.
Fast algorithm for encoding the (255, 223) Reed-Solomon code over <i>GF</i> (2 <sup>8</sup> ) (1980)

A new scheme for reducing the numerical complexity of the standard Reed-Solomon (R.S.) encoding algorithm is developed. As an example, the encoding of a (255, 223) R.S. code (NASA standard for concatenation with convolutional codes) is shown to require 75% fewer multiplications and 61% fewer additions than the conventional method of computation.
SAW resonators at high temperatures (2004)

This paper discusses SAW resonators. The SAW device consists of a piezoelectric substrate with a metalization. It is shown that the sytems langasite-Pt and gallium orthophosphate-Pt are able to fulfill the demands for a high temperature operation. An AFM scan of metalization is also available.
Cervical Mediastinoscopic Lymphadenectomy for Accurate Staging in Lung Cancer (2009)

Accurate preoperative staging of the mediastinum is important in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes on chest computed tomography are positive for malignancy on mediastinoscopy in only half of these patients. After negative mediastinoscopy, some positive nodes are found at thoracotomy. The aim of this study was to attempt to remove all lymph nodes accessible by cervical mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy and reevaluate the same mediastinal stations at thoracotomy for missed lymph nodes. Between 1999 and 2003, 30 patients with operable non-small-cell lung cancer and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (>1 cm in diameter on computed tomography) that were negative on cervical mediastinoscopy underwent pulmonary resection with complete lymph node dissection. The total number of lymph nodes dissected in these 30 patients was 329 (143 at mediastinoscopy and 186 at thoracotomy); the mean numbers of nodes dissected were 4.8 at mediastinoscopy and 6.2 at thoracotomy. Ten (6.5%) residual lymph nodes were detected at thoracotomy in mediastinal stations R4, L4, and 7. The low number of missed lymph nodes demonstrates the accuracy of the technique of cervical mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy.
Micro object handling under SEM by vision-based automatic control (2003)

There is a great demand for the highly accurate and reliable arrangement of micro objects smaller than 100 /spl mu/m in order to construct micro devices. Since micro objects tend to adhere to other objects by electrostatic force, it is possible to pick them up easily by contact with a needle tip instead of grasping by tweezers. On the other hand, it is difficult to place them on a substrate. To solve this problem, we have proposed a handling method by controlling the contact face area, i.e. picking up the object by contact with the center of the tool-tip plane, and placing it by contact with the edge and also inclining the tool. However, it is difficult to execute this operation by manual control, because it requires delicate movement by the manipulator, in order not to break the object or flip it away. In this study, we automate this pick-and-place operation by visual and force control. Moreover, to arrange micro objects with high accuracy and reliability, all necessary functions such as calibration, object search, and positioning are integrated, and an automatic handling system is constructed. We successfully demonstrated a completely automatic arrangement of several micro objects of 30 /spl mu/m in diameter under SEM monitoring.
Las cumbres iberoamericanas en perspectiva española (2005)

The present work is about the last ?Cumbre Iberoamericana? that took place in Salamanca and was held in the
frame of precedent similar meetings. The following pages develop the outlook of different Spanish governments and show the main changes made in the whole system, they are especially focused in the establishment of an Iberoamerican General Secretary. The powerful and everlasting ideological content of this kind of summits is enhanced in order to show how these summits are interpreted by the different political parties in accordance with their political programs. The public declarations of Prime Ministers and Foreign Affairs Ministers that are been produced from 1991 until today show this path.
Augmenting Local Bone With Grafton Demineralized Bone Matrix for Posterolateral Lumbar Spine Fusion: Avoiding Second Site Autologous Bone Harvest (2000)

Mineralization and integrity of the bone graft mass were evaluated among patients having posterolateral fusion. Grafting consisted of a composite of Grafton and "local" autologous bone (n=56) or iliac crest autograft alone (n=52). Mineralization was rated radiographically at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Integrity was judged as fused or not fused. Mineralization ratings did not differ significantly between groups at any postoperative interval (P values of .25-1.00). The percentage of patients fused was similar in both groups (60% and 56% for Grafton and controls, respectively; P=.83). Fifteen control patients reported donor site pain. These findings warrant further evaluation of this composite.
Tea tree oil: <i>in vitro</i> efficacy in otitis externa (2005)

Tea tree oil may have a role to play in the treatment of OE. However, more work needs to be done to enhance the anti-pseudomonal effect and to assess ototoxicity.
Performance Measurements of a Multiprocessor Sprite Kernel. (1990)

This report presents performance measurements made of the Sprite operating system running on a multiprocessor. A variety of micro- and macro-benchmarks were run while varying the number of processors in the system, and both the elapsed time and the contention for kernel locks were recorded. A number of interesting conclusions are drawn from the results. First, the macro-benchmarks show acceptable performance on systems of up to five processors. Total system throughput increases almost linearly with the system size. Projections of the lock contention measurements show that the maximum performance will be reached with about seven processors in the system. Second, it is often difficult to predict the effect of a benchmark on particular kernel locks. It was anticipated that different benchmarks would saturate different kernel monitor locks. After running the benchmarks it was found that a single master lock was the biggest kernel bottleneck, and that one of the micro-benchmarks had saturat...
Quantum Dot Lasers Using High-Q Microdisk Cavities (2001)

We report experimental observation of optically-pumped continuous-wave lasing from self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) embedded in high-quality factor (Q) microdisk laser structures. For large diameter (4.5 μm) microdisks containing InAs QDs, the emission spectra show simultaneous lasing on one to five well separated modes (Q = 10000–17000) in the wavelength range between 920 and 990 nm. For small diameter (2 μm) microdisks containing (In,Ga)As QDs, lasing occurs even when the estimated average number of QDs inside the cavity-mode volume is unity.
A scale invariant measure of clutter (2008)

We propose a measure of clutter for real images that can be used to predict search times. This measure uses an efficient segmentation algorithm (P. Felzenszwalb & D. Huttenlocher, 2004) to count the number of regions in an image. This number is not uniquely defined, however, because it varies with the scale of segmentation. The relationship between the number of regions and the scale of segmentation follows a power law, and the exponent of the power law is similar across images. We fit power law functions to the multiple scale segmentations of 160 images. The power law exponent was set to the average value for the set of images, and the constant of proportionality was used as a measure of image clutter. The same 160 images were also used as stimuli in a visual search experiment. This scale-invariant measure of clutter accounted for about 40% of the variance in the visual search times.
Growth of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>in a Defined Medium Is Very Restricted by Acid pH and Mg<sup>2+</sup>Levels (2000)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis grows within the phagocytic vacuoles of macrophages, where it encounters a moderately acidic and possibly nutrient-restricted environment. Other mycobacterial species encounter acidic conditions in soil and aquatic environments. We have evaluated the influence of pH and divalent cation levels on the growth of M. tuberculosis and seven other mycobacterial species. In a defined medium, the growth of M. tuberculosis was very restricted by acidic pH. Higher levels of Mg(2+) were required for growth of M. tuberculosis in mildly acidic media (pH 6.0 to 6.5) compared to pH 7. 0 medium. The divalent cations Ca(2+), Zn(2+), or Mn(2+) could not replace Mg(2+) during growth at pH 6.25, but Ca(2+) could at least partially substitute for Mg(2+) during growth at pH 7.0. Among eight species of mycobacteria tested, there was a diversity of growth rates in media with acidic pH and low Mg(2+) levels. M. tuberculosis was the most restricted in growth at pH 6.0, and all of this growth required elevated levels of Mg(2+). M. kansasii and M. smegmatis also grew very poorly in acidic media with limiting Mg(2+). M. fortuitum, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. avium, and M. chelonae grew at pH 6.0 in an unrestricted manner. These results demonstrate that M. tuberculosis is unique among the mycobacteria in its extreme sensitivity to acid and indicate that M. tuberculosis must acquire sufficient Mg(2+) in order to grow in a mildly acidic environment such as within the phagosome of macrophages.
A nonlinear integral model of electron devices for HB circuit analysis (1992)

A technology-independent large-signal model of electron devices, the nonlinear integral model (NIM), is proposed. It is rigorously derived from the Volterra series under basic assumptions valid for most types of electron devices and is suitable for harmonic-balance circuit analysis. Unlike other Volterra-based approaches, the validity of the NIM is not limited to weakly nonlinear operation. In particular, the proposed model allows the large-signal dynamic response of an electron device to be directly computed on the basis of data obtained either by conventional measurements or by physics-based numerical simulations. In this perspective, it provides a valuable tool for linking accurate device simulations based on carrier transport physics and harmonic-balance circuit analysis algorithms. Simulations and experimental results, which confirm the validity of the NIM, are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Signal processing applications of guided-wave optical devices (1982)

For several years signal processing has been recognized as an important application area for guided-wave optical technology along with communications and sensing. This paper discusses the design and performance of signal processing devices using single-mode integrated optics and fiber-optics components. Potential advantages over conventional techniques and some typical applications are indicated.
Staphylococcal Antimicrobial Peptides: Relevant Properties and Potential Biotechnological Applications (2009)

Bacteriocins are bacterial antimicrobial peptides with bactericidal activity against other bacteria. Staphylococcins are bacteriocins produced by staphylococci, which are Gram-positive bacteria with medical and veterinary importance. Most bacteriocins produced by staphylococci are either lantibiotics (e.g., Pep5, epidermin, epilancin K7, epicidin 280, staphylococcin C55/BacR1, and nukacin ISK-1) or class II bacteriocins (e.g., aureocins A70 and 53). Only one staphylococcin belonging to class III, lysostaphin, has been described so far. Production of staphylococcins is a self-protection mechanism that helps staphylococci to survive in their natural habitats. However, since these substances generally have a broad spectrum of activity, inhibiting several human and animal pathogens, they have potential biotechnological applications either as food preservatives or therapeutic agents. Due to the increasing consumer awareness of the risks derived not only from food-borne pathogens, but also from the artificial chemical preservatives used to control them, the interest in the discovery of natural food preservatives has increased considerably. The emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance among human and animal pathogens and their association with the use of antibiotics constitute a serious problem worldwide requiring effective measures for controlling their spread. Staphylococcins may be used, solely or in combination with other chemical agents, to avoid food contamination or spoilage and to prevent or treat bacterial infectious diseases. The use of combinations of antimicrobials is common in the clinical setting and expands the spectrum of organisms that can be targeted, prevents the emergence of resistant organisms, decreases toxicity by allowing lower doses of both agents and can result in synergistic inhibition.
Sufficient Dimension Reduction via Squared-loss Mutual Information Estimation (2010)

The goal of sufficient dimension reduction in supervised learning is to find the lowdimensional subspace of input features that contains the whole information about the output values that the input features possess. In this paper, we propose a novel sufficient dimension reduction method using a squared-loss variant of mutual information as a dependency measure. We apply a density-ratio estimator for approximating squared-loss mutual information that is formulated as a minimum contrast estimator on parametric or non-parametric models. Since cross-validation is available for choosing an appropriate model, our method does not require any pre-specified structure on the underlying distributions. We elucidate the asymptotic bias of our estimator on parametric models and the asymptotic convergence rate on non-parametric models. The convergence analysis utilizes the uniform tailbound of a U-process, and the convergence rate is characterized by the bracketing entropy of the model. We then develop a natural gradient algorithm on the Grassmann manifold for sufficient subspace search. The analytic formula of our estimator allows us to compute the gradient efficiently. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method compares favorably with existing dimension reduction approaches on artificial and benchmark datasets.
Design and formal model of an event-driven and service-oriented architecture for the Mobile Tourist Information System TIP (2008)

This thesis introduces a new collaboration framework for context-aware services in a mobile environment enabling services to co-operate with several anonymous co-operation partners. We extend the current TIP design and architecture so that new services may easily be added to and co-operate with existing ones. Obsolete services may be replaced by new ones providing the same functionality. Services are de-coupled. Service co-operation is completely changed. This means that services react to the events they receive, irrespective of the events publishers. We also show how service-oriented and event-driven architectures may be combined maintaining their respective advantages. We introduce features of serviceoriented architectures to services co-operating via an eventbased middleware. We describe the formal model of a new system for mobile tourist information and the newly introduced features of the collaboration framework. Those features fundamentally change the way services communicate and cooperate.
Liquid Crystal Polymer for microwave and millimeter-wave multi-layer packages and modules (2010)

Hermetic packages are used to protect microwave and millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) against harsh environmental conditions, including changes in atmospheric pressure, humidity, moisture, and other natural hazards that would otherwise disrupt electrical connections or damage delicate electronics. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) require hermetic packaging to prevent against contaminating particles and moisture. Hermetic packages have a fine helium leak rate of around 1×10−11 atm-cc/sec and are known to provide the reliability in harsh environments. Current hermetic packages are based on metal and ceramic materials. Ceramic and metal packages are heavier, bulkier, and more expensive than organic counterparts. At the wafer-level packaging, high temperature wafer bonding is used to form hermetic cavities that result in tall structures. While organic packaging technology cannot provide true hermeticity, can it have a low enough leak rate to achieve competitive reliability? This is referred as “reliability without hermeticity” or near hermetic packaging. In this lecture, we will review the concept of hermeticity and near-hermeticity in electronic packages. Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP), which has permeation close to glass, will be introduced as the next generation organic material for near-hermetic packaging. We will discuss results of LCP material characterization. We will then present the development of sealing techniques of LCP onto LCP and LCP onto semiconductor materials to form near hermetic cavities for housing MEMS and MMICs. Using the newly developed sealing techniques, we will demonstrate LCP wafer-level packages, surface mount packages and multi-chip modules to 40 GHz. Examples of wafer-level packages include the lamination of LCP onto Si to cap or package RF MEMS switches and a phase shifter with LCP-packaged MEMS. We will also present the development of low-loss surface mount LCP packages to 40 GHz. These surface mount packages are designed with novel feedthroughs that achieve a measured insertion loss of ∼0.2 dB to 0.4dB up to 40 GHz and provide embedded filters. We will discuss bond wire compensation schemes, package to printed circuit board transition design techniques, electrical repeatability, and thermal performance of millimeter-wave surface mount packages. Reliability evaluation will be presented to demonstrate the robustness and reliability of LCP packages. Examples of the environmental tests include 1000 hours of 85°C and 85% humidity, temperature cycles, thermal shock, etc. Finally, we demonstrate the development of compact wide bandwidth passive components, multi-chip modules, and phased array antennas in multi-layer LCP boards at Ka-band.