gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-clean wafer-level vacuum encapsulated inertial sensors using a commercial process (2017)

Inertial sensors, such as accelerometers and gyroscopes, have become ubiquitous in our daily lives and are found in a variety of devices and applications that require measurement of motion, direction, vibration and orientation. These integrated sensors benefiting from the tremendous advancements in microfabrication technology continue to grow rapidly providing efficient control and continuous monitoring in a variety of applications including smartdevices, automotive, aerospace, and industrial robotics. Here, both the choice of the fabrication technology and the design of the sensor devices play an important role to develop high performance MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) inertial sensors to insure stability, repeatability and accuracy of the measurements during operation. Literature review of MEMS inertial sensors reveals that many of these sensors are developed using full custom or proprietary micromachining processes. Till recently, standard pure-play MEMS processes had several limitations including choice of materials and lack of wafer-level vacuum packaging that made them incapable to support development of integrated inertial sensors with high performance specifications. Recently, the availability of standard pure-play MEMS processes that offer excellent advantages in high quality materials and advanced packaging could lead to development of new inertial sensors that can be readily mass-produced. These devices could help towards lowering the cost of devices with increased competition to existing players in the market and pursuing niche application areas that cannot be satisfied by available devices in the market. The present research aims to design, fabricate and characterize high performance novel integrated capacitive inertial sensors including both single axial and multi-axis accelerometer and a multi-axis gyroscope for angular rate measurement. The developed devices are based on two standard pure-play processes offered by Teledyne DALSA Semiconductor Inc. (TDSI). In 2013, TDSI introduced MEMS Integrated Design for Inertial Sensors (MIDIS) process, which is currently the only commercial MEMS process that includes ultra-clean wafer-level vacuum encapsulation of the MEMS devices at 10 mTorr. MIDIS process helps towards achieving a high Quality factor and reducing noise interference on the MEMS sensor devices. The developed inertial sensors in MIDIS process include a uniaxial accelerometer with ultra-low noise performance enabling resolution of 33mg over a high-g range of Â±100g, tri-axial accelerometer with very low cross-axis sensitivity of 0.8%, and rate grade gyroscope with high Quality factor (> 50,000). This research is the first demonstration of wafer-level vacuum packaging of MEMS inertial sensors in a high volume pure-play MEMS process.
A Novel Role of the Interferon-inducible Protein IFI16 as Inducer of Proinflammatory Molecules in Endothelial Cells (2007)

The human IFI16 gene is an interferon-inducible gene implicated in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation and tube morphogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis has demonstrated that this gene is highly expressed in endothelial cells in addition to hematopoietic tissues. In this study, gene array analysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells overexpressing IFI16 revealed an increased expression of genes involved in immunomodulation, cell growth, and apoptosis. Consistent with these observations, IFI16 triggered expression of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 and E-selectin or chemokines such as interleukin-8 or MCP-1. Treatment of cells with short hairpin RNA targeting IFI16 significantly inhibited ICAM-1 induction by interferon (IFN)-gamma demonstrating that IFI16 is required for proinflammatory gene stimulation. Moreover, functional analysis of the ICAM-1 promoter by deletion- or site-specific mutation demonstrated that NF-kappaB is the main mediator of IFI16-driven gene induction. NF-kappaB activation appears to be triggered by IFI16 through a novel mechanism involving suppression of IkappaBalpha mRNA and protein expression. Support for this finding comes from the observation that IFI16 targeting with specific short hairpin RNA down-regulates NF-kappaB binding activity to its cognate DNA and inhibits ICAM-1 expression induced by IFN-gamma. Using transient transfection and luciferase assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate indeed that activation of the NF-kappaB response is mediated by IFI16-induced block of Sp1-like factor recruitment to the promoter of the IkappaBalpha gene, encoding the main NF-kappaB inhibitor. Activation of NF-kappaB accompanied by induction of proinflammatory molecules was also observed when IkappaBalpha expression was down-regulated by specific small interfering RNA, resulting in an outcome similar to that observed with IFI16 overexpression. Taken together, these data implicate IFI16 as a novel regulator of endothelial proinflammatory activity and provide new insights into the physiological functions of the IFN-inducible gene IFI16.
Overexpression of an ectopic H19 gene enhances the tumorigenic properties of breast cancer cells (2002)

The maternally expressed H19 gene is transcribed as an untranslated RNA that serves as a riboregulator. We have previously reported that this transcript accumulates in epithelial cells in approximately 10% of breast cancers. To gain further insight on how the overexpression of the H19 gene affects the phenotype of human breast epithelial cells, we investigated the oncogenic potential of RNA that was abundantly expressed from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells stably transfected with the genomic sequence of the human H19 gene. The amount of H19 RNA did not affect cell proliferation capacity, timing of cell cycle phases or anchorage-dependent ability of H19-transfected clones in vitro. But in anchorage-independent growth assays the H19-recombined cells formed more and larger colonies in soft-agar versus control cells. To explore this phenotypic change, we analysed tumour development after subcutaneous injection of H19-recombined cells into scid mice. Results showed that H19 overexpression promotes tumour progression. These data support the hypothesis that an overload of H19 transcript is associated with cells exhibiting higher tumorigenic phenotypes and therefore we conclude that the H19 gene has oncogenic properties in breast epithelial cells.
Optimization of multiplexed PCR on an integrated microfluidic forensic platform for rapid DNA analysis (2012)

This study reports the design, prototyping, and assay development of multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a plastic microfluidic device. Amplification of 17 DNA loci is carried out directly on-chip as part of a system for continuous workflow processing from sample preparation (SP) to capillary electrophoresis (CE). For enhanced performance of on-chip PCR amplification, improved control systems have been developed making use of customized Peltier assemblies, valve actuators, software, and amplification chemistry protocols. Multiple enhancements to the microfluidic chip design have been enacted to improve the reliability of sample delivery through the various on-chip modules. This work has been enabled by the encapsulation of PCR reagents into a solid phase material through an optimized Solid Phase Encapsulating Assay Mix (SPEAM) bead-based hydrogel fabrication process. SPEAM bead technology is reliably coupled with precise microfluidic metering and dispensing for efficient amplification and subsequent DNA short tandem repeat (STR) fragment analysis. This provides a means of on-chip reagent storage suitable for microfluidic automation, with the long shelf-life necessary for point-of-care (POC) or field deployable applications. This paper reports the first high quality 17-plex forensic STR amplification from a reference sample in a microfluidic chip with preloaded solid phase reagents, that is designed for integration with up and downstream processing.
Brain–computer interface using fMRI: spatial navigation by thoughts (2004)

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a way of conveying an individual's thoughts to control computer or electromechanical hardware. Capitalizing on the ability to characterize brain activity in a reproducible manner, we explored the possibility of using real-time fMRI to interpret the spatial distribution of brain function as BCI commands. Using a high-field (3T) MRI scanner, brain activities associated with four distinct covert functional tasks were detected and subsequently translated into predetermined computer commands for moving four directional cursors. The proposed fMRI-BCI method allowed volunteer subjects to navigate through a simple 2D maze solely through their thought processes.
Strengthened Encryption in the CBC Mode. (2002)

Vaudenay [1] has presented an attack on the CBC mode of block ciphers, which uses padding according to the PKCS#5 standard. One of the countermeasures, which he has assumed, consisted of the encryption of the message M = M || padding || hash(M || padding) instead of the original M. This can increase the length of the message by several blocks compared with the present padding. Moreover, Wagner [1] showed a security weakness in this proposal. The next correction, which Vaudenay proposed (A Fix Which May Work) has a general character and doesn't solve practical problems with the real cryptographic interfaces used in contemporary applications. In this article we propose three variants of the CBC mode. From the external point of view they behave the same as the present CBC mode with the PKCS#5 padding, but they prevent Vaudenay's attack. Category /
Isolation and study of murine C3. (1977)

C3 was isolated in purified form from fresh murine serum and plasma by precipitation as euglobulin followed by removal of other proteins on immunoadsorbent columns bearing antibodies raised against specifically C3 depleted serum. Recovery was 30--55% and the C3 was all in its native form. Functional activity was demonstrated by fixation of the C3 on EAC142gp cells and by interaction with lymphocyte C3 receptors. Mouse C3 in plasma and after isolation had a molecular weight of 240,000. Its cleavage by classical pathway and cobra factor induced C3 convertases and by trypsin yielded a major conversion product with molecular weight not less than 210,000, the electrophoretic mobility of which differed when it was generated from isolated C3 rather than in plasma.
Molecular surveillance of respiratory viruses with bioaerosol sampling in an airport (2018)

Recognizing that crowded, high-traffic airports and airplanes have been implicated in respiratory disease transmission, we partnered with administrators of Raleigh Durham International Airport (RDU) in conducting a pilot study of aerosol surveillance for respiratory viruses at RDU. From January to March 2018 we used NIOSH 2-stage samplers to collect 150 min aerosol samples in crowded areas at RDU. Four (17%) of the 24 samples were positive for known respiratory pathogens including influenza D virus and adenovirus. These results suggest the feasibility of employing bioaerosol surveillance techniques in public transportation areas, such as airports, as a noninvasive way to detect and characterize novel respiratory viruses.
A POPULAÇÃO INDÍGENA, O PLURALISMO JURÍDICO E A DEMOCRACIA BRASILEIRA (2019)

This article analyzes the indigenous population’s rights in cultural and political spheres, by interpretation of laws that speak about the indigenous being and by study of the Brazilian democratic space in which the indigenous groups fit in. After violent times of retaliation, the indigenous people reached normative support. Formally recognized as collective subject of cultural rights, the indigenous people still faces stigma and goes on dishonored materially. Still needing effective integration, the research about the verification of their rights in cultural sphere is essential. With the promotion of the mentioned package of prerrogatives, the coexistence of two different normative systems emerges. The juridical pluralism, in the Brazilian heterogeneous society, manifests, and its operation and conduction must be evaluated. Also deserves to be researched, in this scenario of juridical pluralism, the damaged representativeness of the indigenous groups in Brazilian politics, and by the analysis of scientific works and normative packages, combined to jurisprudence, an exam of indigenous population, juridical pluralism and Brazilian democracy is done.
Inactivation of <scp>Z</scp>ika virus in plasma with amotosalen and ultraviolet <scp>A</scp> illumination (2015)

In this study we demonstrate that amotosalen combined with UVA light inactivates ZIKV in fresh-frozen plasma. This inactivation process is of particular interest to prevent plasma transfusion-transmitted ZIKV infections in areas such as French Polynesia, where several arboviruses are cocirculating.
Creating the fences of territorial separation: The discourses of Israeli‐Palestinian conflict resolution (1997)

Much of the postmodern discourse on territory focuses on the diminishing significance of the role of boundaries and the eclipse of the nation state. This argument bears little relevance to the many regions throughout the world in which ethno‐territorial conflict continues to play its way through the complex processes of aspirations by minority groups for self determination, the struggle for territorial control, and eventual processes of conflict resolution. Such processes are accompanied by the creation of new fences and boundaries, rather than their removal. The Israel‐Palestine conflict is one such case, in which the process of conflict resolution, which began in 1993, continues to search for the territorial configuration of a Palestinian entity or state that will be acceptable to both sides of the conflict. Within Israel, there is a territorial discourse in which different groups ‐ politicians, diplomats and academics ‐ have all proposed their own notions of the optimal map to be discussed in the final stages of negotiations. Since the advent of the Netanyahu government in 1996, the nature of the Israeli‐Palestinian dialogue has taken a turn for the worse, in some respects returning to a politics of unilateral decision‐making which was characteristic of the conflict in the pre‐Oslo era. The major points of ethno‐territorial tension to have re‐emerged take place at the micro level, in the towns of Hebron and Jerusalem. The fate of the peace process remains undetermined at this point, much depending on the nature of the dialogue to be determined by the respective political leaders
Advances in milk products (1986)

Recent developments in yoghurt manufacture. Modern cheesemaking: hard cheeses. Modern cheesemaking: soft cheeses. Developments in frozen-products manufacture. Physical properties of dairy products. Modern laboratory practice - 1: chemical analyses. Modern laboratory practice - 2: microbiological analyses. Technology for the developing countries.
Venomics as a drug discovery platform (2009)

Modern drug discovery is increasingly in need of a novel paradigm to replace the classical blockbuster-based economic model of large pharmaceutical companies. Loss of patent protection, the rise in...
Survey of Commercially Available Chocolate- and Cocoa-Containing Products in the United States. 2. Comparison of Flavan-3-ol Content with Nonfat Cocoa Solids, Total Polyphenols, and Percent Cacao (2009)

A survey of a broad range of chocolate- and cocoa-containing products marketed in the United States was conducted to provide a more detailed analysis of flavan-3-ol monomers, oligomers, and polymers, which can be grouped into a class of compounds called procyanidins. Samples consisted of the three or four top-selling products within the following six categories: natural cocoa powder, unsweetened baking chocolate, dark chocolate, semisweet baking chips, milk chocolate, and chocolate syrup. Composite samples were characterized for percent fat (% fat), percent nonfat cocoa solids (% NFCS), antioxidant level by ORAC, total polyphenols, epicatechin, catechin, total monomers, and flavan-3-ol oligomers and polymers (procyanidins). On a gram weight basis epicatechin and catechin content of the products follow in decreasing order: cocoa powder > baking chocolate > dark chocolate = baking chips > milk chocolate > chocolate syrup. Analysis of the monomer and oligomer profiles within product categories shows there are two types of profiles: (1) products that have high monomers with decreasing levels of oligomers and (2) products in which the level of dimers is equal to or greater than the monomers. Results show a strong correlation (R(2) = 0.834) of epicatechin to the level of % NFCS and also very good correlations for N = 2-5 oligomers to % NFCS. A weaker correlation was observed for catechin to % NFCS (R(2) = 0.680). Other analyses show a similar high degree of correlation with epicatechin and N = 2-5 oligomers to total polyphenols, with catechin being less well correlated to total polyphenols. A lesser but still good correlation exists between the calculated percent cacao (calcd % cacao) content, a proxy for percent cacao, and these same flavanol measures, with catechin again showing a lesser degree of correlation to calcd % cacao. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the products group discretely into five classes: (1) cocoa powder, (2) baking chocolate, (3) dark chocolate and semisweet chips, (4) milk chocolates, and (5) syrup. PCA also shows that most factors group closely together including the antioxidant activity, total polyphenols, and the flavan-3-ol measures with the exception of catechin and % fat in the product, which group separately. Because catechin distribution appears to be different from the other flavan-3-ol measures, an analysis of the epicatechin to catechin ratio was done, indicating there is a >5-fold variation in this measure across the products studied. The cocoa-containing products tested range from cocoa powder with 227.34 +/- 17.23 mg of procyanidins per serving to 25.75 +/- 9.91 mg of procyanidins per serving for chocolate syrup. These results are discussed with respect to other studies on commercial products, the bioavailability of the flavanols, and the possible role of processing on the amount of catechin in products.
Surface Modification of Silicone with Covalently Immobilized and Crosslinked Agarose for Potential Application in the Inhibition of Infection and Omental Wrapping (2013)

In peritoneal dialysis (PD), the catheter, usually made of silicone, has been considered the “lifeline” of the patient. However, the PD catheter also serves as a nidus for bacterial infection. Furthermore, complications can result from fibrin deposition and omental wrapping of the catheter, which obstructs the dialysate flow. In this work, a crosslinked agarose (AG) polymer layer is covalently grafted as a microscale coating on the silicone surface. This coating reduces Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by more than two orders of magnitude. In addition, cell and platelet adhesion and protein adsorption is also reduced by ≥90%. Without compromising the antibacterial and antifouling property, further improvement in hemocompatibility, as shown by the inhibition of platelet adhesion and activation, prolonged plasma recalcification time and lower hemolysis degree, is achieved by co‐immobilization of 2.6 μg cm −2 of heparin (HEP) in the agarose coating. The AG–HEP coatings are not cytotoxic to mammalian cells, and are stable for extended periods in lysozyme aqueous solution and under autoclaving at 121 °C for 20 min.
Realization of Schmidt plates by ion exchange in glass (1982)

A new technique is presented to realize Schmidt plates by ionic exchange controlled by electric field into adjacent areas. The shape and optical path in these areas may be adjusted very accurately. A preliminary plate has been made with three areas, and results are analyzed.
A 5.8GHz, 47% Efficiency, Linear Outphase Power Amplifier with Fully Integrated Power Combiner (2006)

This paper presents an outphase power amplifier, consisting of two class-E power amplifiers and a power combiner. Using shielded coplanar striplines, the first low-loss, fully integrated 5.8 GHz Wilkinson combiner is realized with excellent isolation for a robust outphase PA. The outphase power amplifier, fabricated in IBM 7WL SiGe BiCMOS, achieves a peak efficiency of 47% at the maximum output power of 18.5dBm. For an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing input signal of 32 sub-channels of 64-QAM, the adjacent channel power leakage ratio is better than 32dBc
Human UMP-CMP Kinase 2, a Novel Nucleoside Monophosphate Kinase Localized in Mitochondria (2007)

Enzyme deficiency in the salvage pathway of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis in mitochondria can cause mtDNA depletion syndromes. We have identified a human mitochondrial UMP-CMP kinase (UMP-CMPK, cytidylate kinase; EC 2.7.4.14), designated as UMP-CMP kinase 2 (UMP-CMPK2). The C-terminal domain of this 449-amino acid protein contains all consensus motifs of a nucleoside monophosphate kinase. Phylogenetic analysis showed that UMP-CMPK2 belonged to a novel nucleoside monophosphate kinase family, which was closer to thymidylate kinase than to cytosolic UMP-CMP kinase. Subcellular localization with green fluorescent protein fusion proteins illustrated that UMP-CMPK2 was localized in the mitochondria of HeLa cells and that the mitochondrial targeting signal was included in the N-terminal 22 amino acids. The enzyme was able to phosphorylate dUMP, dCMP, CMP, and UMP with ATP as phosphate donor, but the kinetic properties were different compared with the cytosolic UMP-CMPK. Its efficacy to convert dUMP was highest, followed by dCMP, whereas CMP and UMP were the poorest substrates. It also phosphorylated the monophosphate forms of the nucleoside analogs ddC, dFdC, araC, BVDU, and FdUrd, which suggests that UMP-CMPK2 may be involved in mtDNA depletion caused by long term treatment with ddC or other pyrimidine analogs. UMP-CMPK2 mRNA expression was exclusively detected in chronic myelogenous leukemia K-562 and lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 among eight studied cancer cell lines. Particular high expression in leukemia cells, dominant expression in bone marrow, and tight correlation with macrophage activation and inflammatory response suggest that UMP-CMPK2 may have other functions in addition to the supply of substrates for mtDNA synthesis.
Pain relief: a universal human right (2004)

1Pain Management Research Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, 2065 NSW, Australia 2Palliative Care Unit, Calvary Hospital, Kogarah, Australia 3Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA *Corresponding author. Tel.: +61 29926 8423; fax: +61 29906 4079 E-mail: [email protected]
Sensor design and interaction techniques for gestural input to smart glasses and mobile devices (2013)

Touchscreen interfaces for small display devices have several limitations: the act of touching the screen occludes the display, interface elements like keyboards consume precious display real estate, and even simple tasks like document navigation - which the user performs effortlessly using a mouse and keyboard - require repeated actions like pinch-and-zoom with touch input. More recently, smart glasses with limited or no touch input are starting to emerge commercially. However, the primary input to these systems has been voice.