gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optode Design Space Exploration for Clinically-robust Non-invasive Fetal Oximetry (2019)

Non-invasive transabdominal fetal oximetry (TFO) has the potential to improve delivery outcomes by providing physicians with an objective metric of fetal well-being during labor. Fundamentally, the technology is based on sending light through the maternal abdomen to investigate deep fetal tissue, followed by detection and processing of the light that returns (via scattering) to the outside of the maternal abdomen. The placement of the photodetector in relation to the light source critically impacts TFO system performance, including its operational robustness in the face of fetal depth variation. However, anatomical differences between pregnant women cause the fetal depths to vary drastically, which further complicates the optical probe (optode) design optimization. In this paper, we present a methodology to solve this problem. We frame optode design space exploration as a multi-objective optimization problem, where hardware complexity (cost) and performance across a wider patient population (robustness) form competing objectives. We propose a model-based approach to characterize the Pareto-optimal points in the optode design space, through which a specific design is selected. Experimental evaluation via simulation and <i>in vivo</i> measurement on pregnant sheep support the efficacy of our approach.
Imparting High Proton Conductivity to a Metal–Organic Framework Material by Controlled Acid Impregnation (2012)

The extensive implementation of hydrogen-powered technology today is limited by a number of fundamental problems related to materials research. Fuel-cell hydrogen conversion technology requires proton-conducting materials with high conductivity at intermediate temperatures up to 120 °C. The development of such materials remains challenging because the proton transport of many promising candidates is based on extended microstructures of water molecules, which deteriorate at temperatures above the boiling point. Here we show the impregnation of the mesoporous metal-organic framework (MOF) MIL-101 by nonvolatile acids H(2)SO(4) and H(3)PO(4). Such a simple approach affords solid materials with potent proton-conducting properties at moderate temperatures, which is critically important for the proper function of on-board automobile fuel cells. The proton conductivities of the H(2)SO(4)@MIL-101 and H(3)PO(4)@MIL-101 at T = 150 °C and low humidity outperform those of any other MOF-based materials and could be compared with the best proton conductors, such as Nafion.
Antioxidant Effects of L‐Carnosine on Liposomes and Beef Homogenates (1997)

ABSTRACT The antioxidant activity of camosine (β‐alanylhistidine dipeptide) was investigated using several systems. In the presence of 100 μM ascorbic acid, carnosine inhibited metal ion‐catalyzed deoxyribose degradation in a dose‐dependent manner, indicating its hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activity. Carnosine strongly inhibited metal ion‐catalyzed liposomal lipid peroxidation in the presence of 100 μM ascorbic acid or 100 μM H 2 O 2 . Carnosine also inhibited thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) formation from ground beef homogenates. An increase in TBARS formation was caused by addition of 10 ppm Fe 3+ to the homogenates. Carnosine presence prevented such increase and it may be useful as an adjunct against oxidative tissue damage or for increasing shelf life.
Bifidobacterium Lactis sp. 420 Up-Regulates Cyclooxygenase (Cox)-1 and Down-Regulates Cox-2 Gene Expression in a Caco-2 Cell Culture Model (2005)

Cyclooxygenases (Cox) -1 and -2 play important roles in gastrointestinal health; chronic overexpression of Cox-2 is associated with inflammatory and cancerous disease, whereas Cox-1 is expressed constitutively. We studied the effects of two probiotic (Bifidobacterium lactis sp. 420 and Lactobacillus acidophilus) and two control microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and four microbial metabolites (acetate, butyrate, lactate and propionate) on the expression levels of the Cox isoforms in the enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2. Butyrate, which is anticarcinogenic, resulted in an 85% down-regulation of Cox-2 and a 37-fold increase in Cox-1 transcription. Propionate gave similar results (72% reduction of Cox-2, 23-fold induction of Cox-1), but lactate and acetate had no effect on Cox expression profile. Bifidobacterium sp. 420, which produces acetate and lactate but no butyrate or propionate, shared the Cox-1-increasing and Cox-2-silencing properties of butyrate and propionate, whereas L. acidophilus was similar to E. coli and S. enteritidis in having no effect on the Cox-1/Cox-2 ratio. For the first time, we therefore demonstrate evidence for a direct relationship between a probiotic bacterial strain and host Cox expression profile, suggesting that modulation of Cox expression may be an important factor in the potential anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties of some probiotics.
CT Arterial Portography and CT Arteriography with a Triple-Lumen Balloon Catheter (1997)

The triple-lumen balloon catheter technique is useful and convenient in the serial performance of CT-AP and CT-A.
Equalization and CCI cancellation for wireless communications using blind trellis search techniques (2002)

The generalized Viterbi algorithm (GVA) is used as a blind equalization scheme in short burst TDMA communication systems. In addition, a new sequential algorithm is proposed to reduce the computational complexity of GVA. The proposed sequential algorithm is used in an equalization and cochannel interference (CCI) cancellation scheme which is implemented by GVA with an RLS-based channel estimator. The equalization and CCI cancellation scheme is blind in the sense that no knowledge of the training sequences of the interfering users is assumed. Simulation results show that good system performance as well as computational saving can be achieved as long as the sequential algorithm parameters are properly selected.
Binary superimposed gratings for tunable and multiwavelength semiconductor lasers (1998)

Tunable distributed Bragg reflectors with comb-like reflection spectrum have been shown to allow semiconductor lasers tuning over about 100 nm wavelength range. Recently we proposed a concept of BSG as a multiwavelength reflector and looked into a number of key design issues for widely tunable lasers. In this paper we analyze the technical aspects of designing and implementing the BSG. We show that the calculated performance of the binary grating is at least as good as that of the existing approaches. However, BSG offers additional design freedoms in positions and amplitudes of reflectance peaks, which in turn allows extension of the tuning range of the laser or relaxing the tuning current requirements. The principles of widely tunable lasers have been adapted to a practical design which should significantly simplify the control requirements for the tuning. We show that a BSG reflector for 1.55 micrometers tunable laser can be successfully implemented with the smallest feature size as large as 0.12 micrometers , which is well within the capacity of electron beam lithography. A simulated tuning curve for a BSG laser predicts a high side- mode suppression ratio (> 35 dB).
Hand Gesture Based Region Marking for Tele-Support Using Wearables (2017)

Wearable Augmented Reality (AR) devices1 are being explored in many applications for visualizing real-time contextual information. More importantly, these devices can also be used in tele-assistance from remote sites when on-field operators require off-field expert's guidance for trouble-shooting. For an effective communication, touchless hand gestures are the most intuitive to select a Region Of Interest (ROI) like defective parts in a machine, through a wearable. This paper presents a hand gestural interaction method to localize the ROI in First Person View (FPV). The region selected using freehand sketching gestures is highlighted to the remote server setup for expert's advice. Novelty of the proposed method include (a) touchless fingerbased gesture recognition algorithm that runs on smartphones, which can be used with wearable frugal modality like Google Cardboard/Wearality, (b)reducing the network latency and achieving real-time performance by on-board implementation of recognition module. We conducted user studies that suggest the ease and usefulness of the proposed method. Further, we evaluated the the effectiveness of the ROI gesture using the PASCAL Visual Object Classes(VOC) criteria.
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (2016)

In patients with type 2 diabetes who were at high cardiovascular risk, the rate of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke was significantly lower among patients receiving semaglutide than among those receiving placebo, an outcome that confirmed the noninferiority of semaglutide. (Funded by Novo Nordisk; SUSTAIN-6 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01720446 .).
Syndiotactic-Enriched Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)s via Stereoselective Ring-Opening Polymerization of Racemic β-Butyrolactone with Discrete Yttrium Catalysts (2009)

The mechanism of the ring-opening polymerization of rac-β-butyrolactone using yttrium complexes supported by dianionic aminoalkoxybis(phenolate) ligands as initiators has been investigated by NMR and shown to occur via a coordination-insertion pathway. The microstructure of the resulting syndiotactic-enriched poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)s (PHBs, Pr up to 0.94) has been studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy, enabling a detailed assignment of resonances at the diad and triad levels. On this basis, a statistical Bernoullian analysis has been performed which evidenced that syndioselectivity originates from a chain-end control. Some thermal properties of these PHBs have been studied by WAXD and thermoanalytical techniques and shown to be markedly affected by the syndiotacticity degree. This is especially the case for the melting temperature which raises up to 183 °C for Pr = 0.94, a temperature higher than that of pure isotactic PHB (ca. 180 °C).
Nucleation sites of recombination-enhanced stacking fault formation in silicon carbide p-i-n diodes (2004)

The morphology and nucleation sites of stacking faults formed during the forward operation of 4H silicon carbide p-i-n diodes were investigated using optical emission microscopy (OEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Partial dislocations bounding the stacking faults are mostly aligned to the 〈11–20〉 directions with Burgers vectors of the 1/3〈1–100〉 type. Arrays of dislocation half loops in the blocking layer serve as nucleation sites of double-rhombic stacking faults. The morphology of these stacking faults indicates that short basal plane segments associated with threading dislocations are the origin of rhombic stacking faults. All dislocations in a half-loop array have the same Burgers vector and nucleate on a single basal plane, which was evidenced by the merging of double-rhombic stacking faults. Most pre-existing basal plane dislocations within the blocking layer which are visible in OEM images dissociate to form stacking faults during the degradation. Basal plane dislocations aligned along the off-cut direction form rectangular stacking faults, while others break up into partial dislocation segments along the 〈11–20〉 directions, which are often wedge-shaped. Thus, all nucleation sites of the stacking faults correspond to pre-existing dislocation segments residing in basal planes. The morphology and evolution of double-rhombic stacking faults indicate that the p-i-n diode degradation cannot be driven by stress in the structure.
Bacteroides fragilis Lipopolysaccharide and Inflammatory Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease (2016)

The human microbiome consists of ~3.8 × 10<sup>13</sup> symbiotic microorganisms that form a highly complex and dynamic ecosystem: the gastrointestinal (GI) tract constitutes the largest repository of the human microbiome by far, and its impact on human neurological health and disease is becoming increasingly appreciated. Bacteroidetes, the largest phylum of Gram-negative bacteria in the GI tract microbiome, while generally beneficial to the host when confined to the GI tract, have potential to secrete a remarkably complex array of pro-inflammatory neurotoxins that include surface lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and toxic proteolytic peptides. The deleterious effects of these bacterial exudates appear to become more important as GI tract and blood-brain barriers alter or increase their permeability with aging and disease. For example, presence of the unique LPSs of the abundant Bacteroidetes species <i>Bacteroides fragilis (BF-LPS)</i> in the serum represents a major contributing factor to systemic inflammation. BF-LPS is further recognized by TLR2, TLR4, and/or CD14 microglial cell receptors as are the pro-inflammatory 42 amino acid amyloid-beta (Aβ42) peptides that characterize Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Here we provide the first evidence that BF-LPS exposure to human primary brain cells is an exceptionally potent inducer of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB (p50/p65) complex, a known trigger in the expression of pathogenic pathways involved in inflammatory neurodegeneration. This <i>'Perspectives communication'</i> will in addition highlight work from recent studies that advance novel and emerging concepts on the potential contribution of microbiome-generated factors, such as BF-LPS, in driving pro-inflammatory degenerative neuropathology in the AD brain.
Multicomponent asymmetric reactions mediated by proline lithium salt (2010)

The multicomponent reaction between proline lithium salt, 2-cyclohexen-1-one and aliphatic aldehydes affords the 4-alkylidene-2-cyclohexen-1-ones, which are interesting fragrances, and bicyclic amino acids that bear four additional stereocenters, obtained as single stereoisomer.
Very fast wave-front measurements at the human eye with a custom CMOS-based Hartmann�??Shack sensor (2003)

We describe what we believe to be the first wave-front measurements of the human eye at a sampling rate of 300 Hz with a custom Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor that uses complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This sensor has been developed to replace standard charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras and the slow software image processing that is normally used to reconstruct the wave front from the focal-plane image of a lenslet array. We describe the sensor's principle of operation and introduce the performance with static wave fronts. The system has been used to measure human-eye wave-front aberrations with a bandwidth of 300 Hz, which is approximately an order of magnitude faster than with standard software-based solutions. Finally, we discuss the measured data and consider further improvements to the system.
Critical current and n-value of Nb/sub 3/Sn conductors for the wide bore 900 MHz NMR magnet (1999)

Electrical characterization of Nb/sub 3/Sn superconductor for application in a 900 MHz wide bore NMR magnet is performed. The magnet has five coils containing bronze process niobium-tin superconductor. Short samples of each of the five conductor types are reacted in a similar manner as the coils and the critical currents are measured. The samples are mounted across a Ti-6Al-4V shunt and the tests are conducted in background fields up to 19.45 T and at temperatures of 4.2 K and 1.8 K. Descriptions of the superconductor configurations and experimental procedure are given. The measured critical current and the current-voltage relationship of each conductor as expressed by the index number (n-value) are presented.
Exploratory experimental investigations on post-tensioned structural glass beams (2014)

The mechanical response of post-tensioned glass beams is explored in this paper. This is done through bending experiments on post-tensioned glass beam specimens with either mechanically anchored or adhesively bonded steel tendons by which a beneficia
Dopamine D3 agonists into the substantia nigra aggravate cataplexy but do not modify sleep (1999)

We have recently demonstrated that local perfusion of dopaminergic D2/D3 agonists into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) significantly aggravates cataplexy and increases sleep in narcoleptic Dobermans. We further assessed the roles of the mesostriatal dopaminergic system and found that local perfusion of quinpirole and 7-OH-DPAT into the substantia nigra (SN) significantly aggravated cataplexy, while perfusion of a D2/D3 antagonist significantly reduced cataplexy. Neither a D1 agonist nor a D1 antagonist modified cataplexy. SN perfusion of quinpirole did not significantly modify sleep, while VTA perfusion significantly increased the drowsy state. Although autoregulation of the VTA and SN dopaminergic neurons are involved in the regulation of cataplexy, both structures have distinct roles for the regulation of sleep.
INCREASING ROLE OF CHILDREN IN THE PURCHASE DECISIONS OF FAMILY (2014)

A tremendous change can be marked over the years in the power of kids in influencing the purchase decisions. Unlike previous generations, the current scenario reveals the importance of children in decisions related to purchase of family groceries, toys, holiday tours, cars etc. Thus now the children are not limited to make choices in toys and sweets but also on goods and services positioned for adults. With the increased exposure to websites, media channels; today’s children are much learned, informed and aware of the current market practices. They even at times provide adequate guidance and lead their parents and grandparents for making appropriate selections amongst the competitive brands. Companies have discovered that it is often more effective to target a child while promoting a product than to try to convince a parent to buy their products. Children generally acts on impulses and are more hedonist, due to which lots of marketers speccially the fast food industry gives a dominant consideration to this segment. The present research is conceptual in nature and focuses on the perceived influence of children resulting from the communication pattern adopted by parents. The paper attempts to have insight on the growing magnitude of children in the decision roles of family.
hZIP1 zinc transporter down‐regulation in prostate cancer involves the overexpression of ras responsive element binding protein‐1 (RREB‐1) (2011)

RREB-1 overexpression results in down-regulation of hZIP1 and contributes to the loss of hZIP1 expression and zinc in prostate cancer. This is an early event in prostate carcinogenesis.
Kerogen Pore Size Distribution of Barnett Shale using DFT Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulations (2011)

Abstract Porosity and permeability are fundamental properties of hydrocarbon reservoirs that are important to estimation of the original hydrocarbon in-place and the production rates. These petrophysical properties are often characterized by the pore size distribution. Scanning electron microscopy studies performed on organic-rich gas shale samples have provided two- and three-dimensional images of organic pores with maximum resolution of 4-5 nm. However these images also suggest that the some of the pores and the paths connecting the pores are even smaller. In this study a different set of experimental and computational procedures based on low-temperature gas adsorption measurements are used to provide information about the porous structure of kerogen. The experimental approach involved nitrogen adsorption on crushed Barnett shale samples with sizes less than 500 microns at 77°K. Following the measurements, BET, t-Plot and DFT analyses are carried out and statistical analyses were performed to determine the distribution and the effective pore size of each sample. Monte Carlo simulations are performed in the Gibbs ensemble to predict thermodynamic states of methane in model pores with the resulting effective sizes and to estimate the amounts of adsorbed and free gases under Barnett shale reservoir pressure and temperature. Analysis show that the average organic pore widths of the samples range between 5-7 nm. The amount of adsorbed gas in a pore of this size under reservoir pressure and temperature conditions constitutes about 25% of the total gas in-place. The work is important for reservoir characterization and engineering analysis of gas shales.
Apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis: p53 overexpression in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. (1996)

DNA damage induces p53 tumor suppressor gene expression and protein production, which in turn facilitates DNA repair or apoptosis. Wild-type p53 protein has a short half-life, so it is rarely detected in non-neoplastic tissue. Because DNA fragmentation is abundant in the intimal lining in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue (ST) using in situ end-labeling (Firestein GS, Yeo M, Zvaifler NJ: Apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. J Clin Invest 1995, 96:1631-1638), we assessed ST p53 expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of fixed RA synovium using antibody PAb 1801 showed prominent p53 staining in the cytoplasm and nuclei of intimal lining cells. Noninflammatory and osteoarthritis (OA) ST had significantly less p53 in the lining. These data were confirmed by Western blot analysis of ST extracts, with abundant p53 found in RA compared with OA. p53 expression in cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) was then examined. Flow cytometry on permeabilized cells showed that RA FLS constitutively express p53 protein. Western blots showed that RA FLS expressed significantly more p53 than either OA FLS or dermal fibroblasts. Immunohistochemistry of FLS cultured in chamber slides localized the p53 to the cytoplasm of most resting FLS, with nuclear staining in only 10.7 +/- 2.4%. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide for increased nuclear staining to 70.7 +/- 12.8% after 8 hours (P = 0.003). These data indicate that p53 is overexpressed in RA ST in the intimal lining, which is the primary site of DNA damage, and is constitutively expressed by FLS.
Proper Design Criteria of Microemulsion Treatment Fluids for Enhancing Well Production (2012)

Abstract When newly drilled oil and gas wells fail to reach the expected production levels, near-wellbore damage may have resulted from fluid incompatibility, poor fluid/rock interaction and/or mechanical damage. These problems may also occur during remediation or stimulation operations, if the treatment fluid is not properly designed. The principal formation damage mechanisms that lead to these problems are in-situ emulsions, wettability changes, water blocks and scale formation. It is recognized that such reservoir damage can be removed or prevented using microemulsion technology that leads to more productive oil and gas wells. The challenge is to design and select an optimized microemulsion system based on the reservoir conditions, such as the bottomhole temperature and the individual compositions of the crude oil, formation water, and the drilling and completion fluids. A well-designed treatment fluid should provide ultra-low interfacial tension, high oil solubilization and total compatibility with all fluids it encounters. The selection of the optimum formulation for a specific application requires a systematic study of the phase behavior of brine-surfactant-oil systems as a function of temperature and its final composition, including the salt, surfactants, co-surfactants and an optional acid. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the phase behavior obtained with the brine/surfactant/oil systems used in microemulsion formulations for formation damage prevention and removal. Laboratory tests results and field applications in openhole and cased-hole completed wells have proven that the microemulsion treatment fluids are successful in the field, if there is a systematic analysis of phase behavior that identifies and defines the treatment fluid phase boundaries.