gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM PIGGERY WASTE WITH SBR COUPLED WITH MEMBRANE: A FULL-SCALE EXPERIENCE (2002)

NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM PIGGERY WASTE WITH SBR COUPLED WITH MEMBRANE: A FULL-SCALE EXPERIENCEA full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) plant coupled with reverse osmosis (RO) membrane was evaluated in this study. The plant was operated at 1.0 to 2.6 kgCOD/m3/d and 0.6 to 1.0kgN/oxic m3/d for SBR, and 28 to 40 L/m2/hr for membrane with pressure range from 179 to 330 psi. About 74.5% of nitrogen was removed by bio treatment and the remainder was removed by RO membrane system. In bio...Author(s)Ho-Jae HwangYoungjin EumEuiso ChoiSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 2 - Industrial Issues and Treatment Technologies Symposium: Biological Treatment of Industrial WastewatersDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2002ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20020101)2002:17L.162;1-DOI10.2175/193864702784248773Volume / Issue2002 / 17Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)162 - 174Copyright2002Word count281
Functional Cloning of Recurrence-specific Antigens Identifies Molecular Targets to Treat Tumor Relapse (2013)

Aggressive regrowth of recurrent tumors following treatment-induced dormancy represents a major clinical challenge for treatment of malignant disease. We reported previously that recurrent prostate tumors, which underwent complete macroscopic regression followed by aggressive regrowth, could be cured with a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-expressed cDNA library derived from recurrent tumor cells. By screening the protective, recurrence-derived VSV-cDNA library, here we identify topoisomerase-IIα (TOPO-IIα) as a recurrence-specific tumor antigen against which tolerance can be broken. Tumor recurrences, in two different types of tumor (prostate and melanoma), which had evaded two different frontline treatments (immunotherapy or chemotherapy), significantly overexpressed TOPO-IIα compared with their primary tumor counterparts, which conferred a novel sensitivity to doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy upon the recurrent tumors. This was exploited in vivo using combination therapies to cure mice, which would otherwise have relapsed, after suboptimal primary therapy in both models. Our data show that recurrent tumors-across histologies and primary treatments-express distinct antigens compared with the primary tumor which can be identified using the VSV-cDNA library technology. These results suggest that it may be possible to design a few common second-line therapies against a variety of tumor recurrences, in some cases using agents with no obvious activity against the primary tumor.
Molecular cloning of two cysteine proteinases from paw-paw (<i>Carica papaya</i>) (1986)

Two cDNA clones for plant cysteine proteinases have been isolated from a Carica papaya (paw-paw, papaya) leaf tissue cDNA library by using a mixture of 16 synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides as a hybridization probe. The inserted regions are 311 and 440 base-pairs in length and have the potential to encode a region corresponding to the C-terminal region of two proteins which are homologous with the known plant cysteine proteinases and the mammalian thiol cathepsins. One of the sequences shows a high (greater than 77%) homology with the plant cysteine proteinase papain, the other is closely related to papaya chymopapain. One sequence contains all, and the other most, of the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA. The inserts were used as specific probes in Northern Blot analyses giving an estimated size for the two mRNA species of 1.45 kilobases.
High levels of hyaluronan in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (2008)

Hyaluronan (HA), a large glycosaminoglycan found in the ECM, has major roles in lung and vascular biology and disease. However, its role in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is unknown. We hypothesized that HA metabolism is abnormal in IPAH. We measured the plasma levels of HA in IPAH and healthy individuals. We also evaluated HA synthesis and the expression of HA synthases and hyaluronidases in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from explanted lungs. Plasma HA levels were markedly elevated in IPAH compared with controls [HA (ng/ml, mean +/- SD): IPAH 325 +/- 80, control 28 +/- 9; P = 0.02]. In vitro, unstimulated IPAH PASMCs produced high levels of HA compared with control cells [HA in supernatant (microg/ml, mean +/- SD): IPAH 12 +/- 2, controls 6 +/- 0.9; P = 0.04]. HA levels were also higher in IPAH PASMC lysates. The increased HA was biologically relevant as shown by tissue staining and increased HA-specific binding of mononuclear cells to IPAH compared with control PASMCs [number of bound cells x 10(4) (mean +/- SD): IPAH 9.5 +/- 3, control 3.0 +/- 1; P = 0.01]. This binding was abrogated by the addition of hyaluronidase. HA synthase-2 and hyaluronidase-2 were predominant in control and IPAH PASMCs. Interestingly, the expressions of HA synthase-2 and hyaluronidase-2 were approximately 2-fold lower in IPAH compared with controls [HA synthase-2 (relative expression mean +/- SE): IPAH 4.3 +/- 0.02, control 7.8 +/- 0.1; P = 0.0004; hyaluronidase-2 (relative expression mean +/- SE): IPAH 4.2 +/- 0.06, control 7.6 +/- 0.07; P = 0.008]. Thus patients with IPAH have higher circulating levels of HA, and PASMCs derived from IPAH lungs produce more HA compared with controls. This is associated with increased tissue levels and increased binding of inflammatory cells suggesting a role for HA in remodeling and inflammation in IPAH.
Increased serum amylase in patients after radiotherapy as a probable bioindicator for radiation exposure. (1990)

The radiation-induced increase of serum amylase is investigated in 41 patients following either whole body irradiation or irradiation of the head- and neck-region. The radiation treatment caused a dose-independent serum amylase increase up to 80 times of the preirradiation measured in controls. This increase can only be induced if the salivary glands are within the radiation field. An isoenzyme analysis differentiated between salivary and pancreatic amylase. It was shown that also in case of whole body irradiation pancreatic proteins either contribute only to a small extent to the increase or show no recognizable change. Although great variations in radiation response remain, the increase of serum amylase produced by salivary glands is highly significant and serves as a bioindicator for radiation exposures.
Effects of supplementary butyrate on butanol production and the metabolic switch in Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052: genome-wide transcriptional analysis with RNA-Seq (2013)

Supplemented butyrate provided feedback inhibition to butyrate formation and may be re-assimilated through the reversed butyrate formation pathway, thus resulting in an elevated level of intracellular butyryl phosphate, which may act as a phosphate donor to Spo0A and then trigger solventogenesis and sporulation events. High-resolution genome-wide transcriptional analysis with RNA-Seq revealed detailed insights into the biochemical effects of butyrate on solventogenesis related-events at the gene regulation level.
Fluorescent, Bioactive Protein Nanoparticles (Prodots) for Rapid, Improved Cellular Uptake (2015)

A simple and effective method for synthesizing highly fluorescent, protein-based nanoparticles (Prodots) and their facile uptake into the cytoplasm of cells is described here. Prodots made from bovine serum albumin (nBSA), glucose oxidase (nGO), horseradish peroxidase (nHRP), catalase (nCatalase), and lipase (nLipase) were found to be 15-50 nm wide and have been characterized by gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and optical microscopic methods. Data showed that the secondary structure of the protein in Prodots is retained to a significant extent and specific activities of nGO, nHRP, nCatalase, and nLipase were 80%, 70%, 65%, and 50% of their respective unmodified enzyme activities. Calorimetric studies indicated that the denaturation temperatures of nGO and nBSA increased while those of other Prodots remained nearly unchanged, and accelerated storage half-lives of Prodots at 60 °C increased by 4- to 8-fold. Exposure of nGO and nBSA+ nGO to cells indicated rapid uptake within 1-3 h, accompanied by significant blebbing of the plasma membrane, but no uptake has been noted in the absence of nGO. The presence of nGO/glucose in the media facilitated the uptake, and hydrogen peroxide induced membrane permeability could be responsible for this rapid uptake of Prodots. In control studies, FITC alone did not enter the cell, BSA-FITC was not internalized even in the presence of nGO, and there has been no uptake of nBSA-FITC in the absence of nGO. These are the very first examples of very rapid cellular uptake of fluorescent nanoparticles into cells, particularly nanoparticles made from pure proteins. The current approach is a simple and efficient method for the preparation of bioactive, fluorescent protein nanoparticles of controllable size for cellular imaging, and cell uptake is under the control of two separate chemical triggers.
Piers (2004)

Growing interest in genomic research has resulted in the creation of huge biological sequence databases. In this paper, we present a hash-based pier model for efficient homology search in large DNA sequence databases. In our model, only certain segments in the databases called 'piers' need to be accessed during searches as opposite to other approaches which require a full scan on the biological sequence database. To further improve the search efficiency, the piers are stored in a specially designed hash table which helps to avoid expensive alignment operation. The has table is small enough to reside in main memory, hence avoiding I/O in the search steps. We show theoretically and empirically that the proposed approach can efficiently detect biological sequences that are similar to a query sequence with very high sensitivity.
Lipoic acid improves survival in transgenic mouse models of Huntington's disease (2001)

There is substantial evidence implicating excitotoxicity and oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). We therefore examined whether the antioxidants 2-sulpho-tert-phenyibutyinitrone (S-PBN) and alpha-lipoic acid could exert neuroprotective effects in transgenic mouse models of HD. S-PBN showed no effects on either weight loss or survival in the R6/2 transgenic HD mice. alpha-Lipoic acid produced significant increases in survival in both R6/2 and N171-82Q transgenic mouse models of HD. These findings suggest that alpha-lipoic acid might have beneficial effects in HD patients.
Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat of Noncrystalline Solids (1971)

The thermal conductivity of vitreous Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, Se, and silica- and germania-based glasses has been measured between 0.05 and 100 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Comparison with earlier work on noncrystalline solids shows that they all have the same conductivity within a factor of 5 over the entire temperature range investigated, with the same characteristic plateau around 10 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and that their conductivity varies as ${T}^{n}$, $n\ensuremath{\sim}1.8$, below $T=1$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Furthermore, the average phonon mean free path is large by comparison with the phonon wavelength, about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ cm at 2 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and decreasing as ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ at larger $T$, suggesting a Rayleigh-type scattering mechanism. Such a mean free path can be quantitatively explained by approximating the glassy structure with that of a crystal in which every atom is displaced from its lattice site. Then every atom scatters like an interstitial atom, or---even simpler---like one that is missing at its regular lattice site, with a scattering cross section determined by the missing mass (isotopic defect). The specific heat of amorphous Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, Ge${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and Se has been found to vary as $AT+B{T}^{3}$ between 0.1 and 1 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, with $A=10$ erg/g \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}${\mathrm{K}}^{2}$ within a factor of 2. This departure from the Debye specific heat may be characteristic of the glassy state, as all earlier measurements of other glasses [polystyrene, glycerol, Lucite (PMMA)] indicate a similar anomaly. Its origin is not clear. Impurities or surface effects through adsorbed gases are unlikely because of the many samples and experimental techniques used in different laboratories. We have tried to attribute the anomaly to low-lying electronic states, motional states of ions, trapped atoms or large groups of atoms, or one-dimensional vibrations within a three-dimensional solid, so far without success. At the present time, the only independent evidence for these excitations appears to be in the low-temperature thermal conductivity at $T<1$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K described above.
Evidence for Discovery of Gravitational Radiation (1969)

Coincidences have been observed on gravitational-radiation detectors over a base line of about 1000 km at Argonne National Laboratory and at the University of Maryland. The probability that all of these coincidences were accidental is incredibly small. Experiments imply that electromagnetic and seismic effects can be ruled out with a high level of confidence. These data are consistent with the conclusion that the detectors are being excited by gravitational radiation.
Co‐axial Electrospinning for Nanofiber Structures: Preparation and Applications (2008)

Preparation of nanofibers in a core‐sheath configuration, using two dissimilar materials, via a novel technique of co‐axial electrospinning has presented unusual potential for use in many novel applications. The studies have addressed issues related to the technology involved and examined the suitability of the technique for producing unique nanoscale morphologies involving variety of materials. In this first major review of co‐axial electrospinning, we provide details of the manufacturing and material factors affecting the process, the conditions needed for preparing desired uniform morphologies, and the different types of structures that have been successfully produced.
Notes on the Behavior of <i>Dineutes Americanus</i> (1926)

A study of Dineutes americanus carried on in the vicinity of Boston, Mass. during the past two years has led to some in- teresting results which are briefly presented in the present note.
Window clipping methods in graphics accelerators (1991)

How some recently introduced graphics accelerators address window clipping is discussed. Some graphics accelerators can download the window-clip rectangle data structures used to represent the visible areas of a window to specialized RAM or hardware registers. These accelerators have special hardware and/or software to hold the clipping information and to properly clip graphics primitives. Others use window clip planes, which allow easy hardware representation of windows with arbitrary shape and complexity. They are ideal for clipping graphics output to nonrectangular windows because graphics output performance does not degrade as the number of rectangles needed to represent the window increases. CPU-based window clipping is examined. Devices in each of these classes are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel measurement method for the thermal properties of liquids by utilizing a bridge-based micromachined sensor (2011)

In recent decades, the demands for online monitoring of liquids in various applications have increased significantly. In this context, the sensing of the thermal transport parameters of liquids (i.e. thermal conductivity and diffusivity) may be an interesting alternative to well-established monitoring parameters like permittivity, mass density or shear viscosity. We developed a micromachined thermal property sensor, applicable to non-flowing liquids, featuring three in parallel microbridges, which carry either a heater or one of in total two thermistors. Its active sensing region was designed to achieve almost negligible spurious thermal shunts between heater and thermistors. This enables the adoption of a simple two-dimensional model to describe the heat transfer from the heater to the thermistors, which is mainly governed by the thermal properties of the sample liquid. Founded on this theoretical model, a novel measurement method for the thermal parameters was devised that relies solely on the frequency response of the measured peak temperature and allows simultaneous extraction of the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of liquids. In this contribution, we describe the device prototype, the model, the deduced measurement method and the experimental verification by means of test measurements carried out on five sample liquids.
ANTISENSE INHIBITION OF THE 27 kDa HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN PRODUCTION AFFECTS GROWTH RATE AND CYTOSKELETAL ORGANIZATION IN MCF‐7 CELLS (1996)

MCF-7 cells were co-transfected with the human HSP27 antisense cDNA and the neomycin resistance gene, included in the constitutive expression vector pSVL, and the phenotypical changes associated with decreased expression of the HSP27 protein were analysed. Three out of 10 neomycin-resistant clones obtained proliferated normally and showed a normal HSP27 content (Western blot). The seven other clones (designated as alpha HSP27 clones) were characterized by a dramatic growth inhibition associated with alterations in cellular morphology. Cells became progressively hypertrophied, exhibited lamellar protrusions and tended to lose contact with each other. They also acquired characteristics of secretory cells, namely the presence of numerous refractile granules and secretory canaliculi. Among the alpha HSP27 clones, two were immunocytochemically analysed for HSP27 content. Both clones were immunonegative for HSP27, contrary to parental cells and neo-transfectants. Actin immunostaining in one of these HSP27 negative clones revealed that microfilament organization changed from diffuse to punctate distribution. Our data support the current concept of a role for HSP27 in cell growth and differentiation and further suggests that this might occur through a control on actin polymerization-depolymerization.
Experimenting with hybrid control (2002)

We have described an experimental facility designed to study aspects of multimodal intelligent control and reported on some of the related research activities. The purpose of the two-fingered robotic manipulator developed by the authors is to provide a reliable, versatile control system that will be useful both as an instructional aid and as a research tool.
Calibration and use of camera-based systems for road lighting assessment (2000)

Standard methods of road lighting quality evaluation are contrasted with the availability of automated measurement systems. A dynamic system based on a CCD camera on a moving vehicle is then described. Determination of the camera position and orientation is required in order to relate the pixel information to the road luminance standards. The image-processing techniques of image flow and feature-based methods are used to identify position, along with road edge following. Methods are derived that permit curved roads to be followed and luminance values to be estimated. A comparison between a luminance map obtained by manual measurement and automated measurement of a physical lighting installation is presented.
Satellite Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (SAIM) for GNSS systems (2009)

Current integrity concepts such as the GIC (Galileo Integrity Concept) and the SBAS integrity concept are based on integrity indicators that are computed exclusively on ground, uplink to the satellites from the Up-Link Stations (ULS) and broadcast from the satellites as originally computed in the ground segment. This paper presents two new concepts based on the possibility of intercepting the integrity information inside the satellite, the "Satellite autonomous on-board orbit monitoring" and the "Satellite autonomous on-board clock monitoring" concepts, which could be traced univocally to non-existing Space Segment functionalities and which would be in position of: • Accessing to local information, not available on ground, which could be used to detect the existence of non-nominal Signal-In-Space (SIS). Such local information includes clock environment, other local clocks, inertial measurement units, satellite thrusters control information or Clock monitoring & Control Unit (CMCU) phase noise observables. • Detecting non-nominal SIS sooner than with the current baseline, improving the time-to-alert (TTA). • Potentially using inter-satellite links observables, which implies range and doppler measurements not affected by atmospheric delays and ground local degradation (including multipath and interference). Cleaner measurements could permit to define sharper barriers or making the Signal In Space Monitoring Accuracy compatible with lower a-priori probability of non-nominal SIS. • Adding independent barriers for the detection of hazardously misleading SIS information. The new satellite on-board integrity monitoring algorithms will be described. Then, the results of the experimentation campaign, carried out with synthetic data generated with simulation tools defined and implemented by GMV and INRIM, will be presented to demonstrate the performance of the new satellite on-board monitoring algorithms. Furthermore, an introduction of 'on board clock ensemble' will be made. This clock ensemble shall offer very robust solutions, high reliability and autonomous integrity monitoring and autonomous redundancy. Since the switch-over of defective or unstable clocks of the ensemble could be made without upload of new clock model, this solution will keep the satellite operational in any conditions of clocks anomalies. Finally, the experimentation results will be to assess the capability of the new satellite autonomous integrity concepts to diminish the non-nominal Signal-In-Space "a priori" probability and to reduce the TTA; resulting as a consequence on a increase of service integrity availability.
An electrothermal microactuator with Z-shaped beams (2010)

This paper introduces a Z-shaped thermal microactuator for in-plane motion, which could be complementary to the well-established comb drives and V-shaped thermal actuators. The Z-shaped actuators share many features in common with the V-shaped ones, but offer certain advantages such as smaller feature size and larger displacement. They also offer a large range of stiffness and output force that is between those of the V-shaped actuators and comb drives. In particular, they can achieve smaller stiffness without buckling, which renders them as simultaneous load sensors. The Z-shaped actuator was modeled analytically and verified by multiphysics finite element analysis. Among all the design parameters, the beam width and the length of the central beam were identified as the major ones in tuning the device displacement, stiffness, stability and output force. Experimental measurements of three arrays of Z-shaped thermal actuators agreed well with the finite element analysis. In addition, the quasi-static and dynamic performances of individual Z-shaped thermal actuators were measured. The average temperature in the device structure was estimated from the electric resistivity at each actuation voltage. The bandwidth of the Z-shaped thermal actuators can be increased for devices with a substrate underneath.