gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of Si-doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi></mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mn/><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">to</mml:mi><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>): Theory and experiments (1984)

Temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements were carried out both in dark and in ambient light on Si-doped ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy over the entire composition range. Above 150 K, the measured Hall carrier densities (different from actual electron densities near the direct-indirect transition) show an exponential dependence on temperature. A shallow donor (\ensuremath{\le}15 meV) tied to the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ band and a deep donor level tied to the $L$ band were observed. The deep donor is dominant for $x>0.2$, and its activation energy ${E}_{d}$ rises dramatically up to the direct-indirect band-gap crossover and peaks at 160 meV for $x\ensuremath{\sim}0.48$. As the A1 fraction increases further, ${E}_{d}$ decreases, reaching 57 meV for AlAs. The error due to multivalley conduction on the measured values of ${E}_{d}$ is shown to be negligible. The variation in ${E}_{d}$ of the dominant donor level with $x$ is accounted for by our theoretical calculations using a multivalley effective-mass model. A decrease of ${E}_{d}$ with increasing doping densities is also observed. At high substrate-growth temperature, the incorporation of Si atoms was found to decrease. The persistent-photoconductivity (PPC) effect was observed with an increase in mobilities over the dark values in the entire composition range. The effect was most pronounced in the range $0.20\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.40$. Traps related to the Si-doping density appear to be responsible for the observed photoconductivity effect. The ratio of the PCC traps and the Si atomic density is maximum at $x\ensuremath{\sim}0.32$ and is minimum in the direct-indirect band-gap crossover region.
Oligolamellar lubrication of joints by surface active phospholipid. (1989)

Six studies have been undertaken to test the hypothesis that oligolamellar phospholipid adsorbed to the articular surface contributes to joint lubrication. Synovial fluid (SF) proved highly surface active, rapidly depositing phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) on glass surfaces, rendering them hydrophobic--a property of well rinsed articular surface removable by the same fat solvents known to increase joint friction by 150%. Electron microscope studies demonstrated lamellar bodies (surface active DPPC) on the articular surface and in SF and lamellated phospholipid in light scrapings of joint surfaces. These were consistent with the quantity of phospholipid recovered by solvent rinsing. Friction measurements in vitro demonstrated excellent boundary lubrication imparted by multimolecular layers of DPPC under high load with coefficients of kinetic friction reaching physiological ranges (0.002-0.005).
Attack Potential in Impact and Complexity (2017)

Vulnerability exploitation is reportedly one of the main attack vectors against computer systems. Yet, most vulnerabilities remain unexploited by attackers. It is therefore of central importance to identify vulnerabilities that carry a high 'potential for attack'. In this paper we rely on Symantec data on real attacks detected in the wild to identify a trade-off in the Impact and Complexity of a vulnerability in terms of attacks that it generates; exploiting this effect, we devise a readily computable estimator of the vulnerability's Attack Potential that reliably estimates the expected volume of attacks against the vulnerability. We evaluate our estimator performance against standard patching policies by measuring foiled attacks and demanded workload expressed as the number of vulnerabilities entailed to patch. We show that our estimator significantly improves over standard patching policies by ruling out low-risk vulnerabilities, while maintaining invariant levels of coverage against attacks in the wild. Our estimator can be used as a first aid for vulnerability prioritisation to focus assessment efforts on high-potential vulnerabilities.
Large-scale timing distribution and RF-synchronization for FEL facilities (2004)

For future advances in accelerator physics in general and seeding of free electron lasers (FELs) in particular, precise synchronization between low-level RF-systems, photo-injector laser, seed radiation as well as potential probe lasers at the FEL output is required. In this paper, we propose a modular system that is capable of achieving synchronization of various RF- and optical sub-systems with femtosecond precision over distance of several hundreds meters. Typical synchronization methods based on direct photo-detection are limited by detector nonlinearities, which lead to amplitude-to-phase conversion and introduce excess timing jitter. A new synchronization scheme for extraction of low jitter RFsignals from optical pulse trains distributed by modelocked lasers is demonstrated. It is robust against photodetector nonlinearities. The scheme is based on a transfer of timing information into an intensity imbalance between the two output beams from a Sagnac-loop interferometer. As a first experimental demonstration, sub-100 fs timing jitter between the extracted 2-GHz RF-signal and the 100 MHz optical pulse train from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser is demonstrated. Numerical simulations show the scaling to sub-femtosecond precision is possible. Together with low-jitter mode-locked lasers and timing stabilized fiber links, this scheme can be applied for large-scale femtosecond timing distribution and synchronization of RF- and optical sub-systems in accelerator and free electron laser facilities.
A Review on the Preparation of Borazine-Derived Boron Nitride Nanoparticles and Nanopolyhedrons by Spray-Pyrolysis and Annealing Process (2016)

Boron nitride (BN) nanostructures (= nanoBN) are structural analogues of carbon nanostructures but display different materials chemistry and physics, leading to a wide variety of structural, thermal, electronic, and optical applications. Proper synthesis routes and advanced structural design are among the great challenges for preparing nanoBN with such properties. This review provides an insight into the preparation and characterization of zero dimensional (OD) nanoBN including nanoparticles and nanopolyhedrons from borazine, an economically competitive and attractive (from a technical point of view) molecule, beginning with a concise introduction to hexagonal BN, followed by an overview on the past and current state of research on nanoparticles. Thus, a review of the spray-pyrolysis of borazine to form BN nanoparticles is firstly presented. The use of BN nanoparticles as precursors of BN nanopolyhedrons is then detailed. Applications and research perspectives for these OD nanoBN are discussed in the conclusion.
On the use of metallized cavities backing microstrip antennas (2002)

A cavity-backed patch phased array is proposed. The antenna configuration has some extra degrees of freedom not found in conventional microstrip patch antennas. These include the cavity dimensions and the slot size. It may be possible to exploit these features in order to further increase the bandwidth (e.g. by double-tuning) or to decrease the antenna mode scattering. The integral equation approach is used to analyze the structure considered. Through the use of the equivalence principle, solution of the problem is facilitated by dividing the analysis into two distinct (but coupled) problems: one for the cavity region below the ground plane, and one for the half-space above the ground plane. The input impedance and radar cross section of cavity-backed patch antennas have been investigated in both single-element and infinite phased-array environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Reaction of Diketene with Water (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Reaction of Diketene with WaterE. Marcus, J. K. Chan, and C. B. StrowCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 5, 1369–1372Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01343a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01343a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of Location of a Fluorescent Zinc Probe in Brain Slices on Its Response to Synaptic Activation (2005)

The precise role of the high concentration of ionic zinc found in the synaptic vesicles of certain glutamatergic terminals is unknown. Fluorescent probes with their ability to detect ions at low concentrations provide a powerful approach to monitoring cellular Zn2+ levels. In the last few years, a number of fluorescent probes (indicators) have been synthesized that can be used to visualize Zn2+ in live cells. The interpretation of data gathered using such probes depends crucially on the location of the probe. Using acutely prepared hippocampal slices, we provide evidence that the Zn2+ probes, ZnAF-2 and ZP4, are membrane permeant and are able to pass into synaptic vesicles. In addition, we show that changes in fluorescence of the Zn2+ probes can be used to monitor presynaptic activity; however, these changes are inconsistent with Zn2+ release.
Use of honeypots for mitigating DoS attacks targeted on IoT networks (2017)

Every day, a new technology comes up and the primary reason why it fails to attract many people in this era is the concern of privacy and security. Each day, along with the new technology comes a load of vulnerabilities waiting to be exploited. IoT (Internet of Things) is the latest trend and like all technology, it is open for exploitation. The most common attack which is used to bring down a whole network, without even finding a loophole in the security — DoS can be used to pull down any IoT network as well. In this paper, we propose a honeypot model for mitigating DoS attacks launched on IoT devices. Honeypots are commonly used in online servers as a decoy to the main server so that the attack is mitigated to the decoy instead of the main server. Here a similar methodology is used to avoid the whole IoT system from being shut down due to a DoS attack.
Damage Detection for Beam and Bridge under Dead Load (2008)

We address damage detection based on dead loads in monitoring the health of beams and bridges.We discuss the damage characteristics of statically indeterminate beams under dead loads and analyze monitoring parameters and sensor placement in monitoring.We used an amended genetic algorithm to solve the optimization problem under constrained parameters.Damage in a beam was detected successfully based on dead loads with limited sensor allocations.We present a way to detect damage based on dead loads in bridge health monitoring.
Solution structure and dynamics of the outer membrane enzyme PagP by NMR (2002)

The bacterial outer membrane enzyme PagP transfers a palmitate chain from a phospholipid to lipid A. In a number of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, PagP confers resistance to certain cationic antimicrobial peptides produced during the host innate immune response. The global fold of Escherichia coli PagP was determined in both dodecylphosphocholine and n-octyl-beta-d-glucoside detergent micelles using solution NMR spectroscopy. PagP consists of an eight-stranded anti-parallel beta-barrel preceded by an amphipathic alpha helix. The beta-barrel is well defined, whereas NMR relaxation measurements reveal considerable mobility in the loops connecting individual beta-strands. Three amino acid residues critical for enzymatic activity localize to extracellular loops near the membrane interface, positioning them optimally to interact with the polar headgroups of lipid A. Hence, the active site of PagP is situated on the outer surface of the outer membrane. Because the phospholipids that donate palmitate in the enzymatic reaction are normally found only in the inner leaflet of the outer membrane, PagP activity may depend on the aberrant migration of phospholipids into the outer leaflet. This finding is consistent with an emerging paradigm for outer membrane enzymes in providing an adaptive response toward disturbances in the outer membrane.
Co-silencing of the<i>Mirabilis</i>antiviral protein (MAP) permits virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of other genes in Four O’Clock plants (<i>Mirabilis jalapa</i>) (2012)

SummaryVirus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful and rapid technique for the analysis of gene function during plant growth and development. We attempted to use VIGS for the functional analysis of genes associated with floral senescence and abscission in Four O'Clock plants (Mirabilis jalapa). Plants infected with a Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) vector containing a fragment of the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene did not show the expected photo-bleaching phenotype. We hypothesised that the failure of VIGS in this species might be due to the presence of the Mirabilis antiviral protein (MAP) which is known to have potent activity in preventing viral infection. Plants infected with a TRV vector containing fragments of both the PDS and MAP genes showed the typical photo-bleaching phenotype in photosynthetic tissues, and this was accompanied by reductions in the abundance of PDS and MAP transcripts. We also demonstrated reduced transcript abundance (and the expected phenotypes) when VIGS with a TRV-MAP vector was used to silence the chlorata42 (Ch42) and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) genes. Silencing of the 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine 5-glucosyl transferase (DOPA5GT) gene reduced pigmentation in stems, leaves, and flowers. This is the first direct demonstration of the role of an enzyme that has been proposed to be a key step in the synthesis of betalain pigments. Co-silencing of endogenous anti-viral proteins may increase the range of taxa that are amenable to the use of VIGS for functional gene analysis.
Effect of Aging on Lung Structure In Vivo (2012)

The lung parenchyma of nonsmoking older urban-dwelling asymptomatic individuals has significantly different CT density and complexity compared with younger individuals.
Involvement of sphingomyelinase in insulin-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation (2001)

SPECIFIC AIMThismanuscript aims to elucidate the mechanism by which insulin activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3 kinase), especially the role of sphingomyelinase (SMase) in insulin-induced PI-3 kinase activation.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. Induction of PI-3 kinase activation by insulin, C2-ceramide, or PCho in mouse epidermal JB6 cellsTo determine the possible role of SMase and its products in PI-3 kinase activation, we exposed JB6 cells to either C2-ceramide or PCho. Both C2-ceramide and PCho induced strong activation of PI-3 kinase in JB6 cells. The induction of PI-3 kinase activity by C2-ceramide or PCho was blocked by either pretreatment of cells with wortmannin or by overexpression of the dominant negative mutant of PI-3 kinase (ΔP85).2. Insulin induces PI-3 kinase activation in normal JY lymphoblasts, but not in SMase-deficient MS1418 lymphoblastsTo investigate the role of SMase in insulin-induced PI-3 kinase activation, we exposed both EBV-transformed normal lymphoblasts (JY) and SMase-deficient ...
Designing Robust Collaborative Services in Distributed Wireless Networks (2007)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a popular class of distributed collaborative networks finding suitability from medical to military applications. However, their vulnerability to capture, their "open" wireless interfaces, limited battery life, all result in potential vulnerabilities. WSN-based services inherit these vulnerabilities. We focus on tactical environments where sensor nodes play complex roles in data sensing, aggregation and decision making. Services in such environments demand a high level of reliability and robustness. The first problem we studied is robust target localization. Location information is important for surveillance, monitoring, secure routing, intrusion detection, on-demand services etc. Target localization means tracing the path of moving entities through some known surveillance area. In a tactical environment, an adversary can often capture nodes and supply incorrect surveillance data to the system. In this thesis we create a target localization protocol that is robust against large amounts of such falsified data. Location estimates are generated by a Bayesian maximum-likelihood estimator. In order to achieve improved results with respect to fraudulent data attacks, we introduce various protection mechanisms. Further, our novel approach of employing watchdog nodes improves our ability to detect anomalies reducing the impact of an adversarial attack and limiting the amount of falsified data that gets accepted into the system. By concealing and altering the location where data is aggregated, we restrict the adversary to making probabilistic "guess" attacks at best, and increase robustness further. By formulating the problem of robust node localization under adversarial settings and casting it as a multivariate optimization problem, we solve for the system design parameters that correspond to the optimal solution. Together this results in a highly robust protocol design. In order for any collaboration to succeed, collaborating entities must have the same relative sense of time. This ensures that any measurements, surveillance data, mission commands, etc will be processed in the same epoch they are intended to serve. In most cases, data disseminated in a WSN is transient in nature, and applies for a short period of time. New data routinely replaces old data. It is imperative that data be placed in its correct time context; therefore...
High refresh rate and low power consumption AMOLED panel using top‐gate n‐oxide and p‐LTPS TFTs (2020)

Abstract A pixel circuit and a gate driver on array for light‐emitting display are presented. By simultaneously utilizing top‐gate n‐type oxide and p‐type low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin‐film transistors (TFTs), the circuits provide high refresh rate and low power consumption. An active‐matrix LED (AMOLED) panel with proposed circuits is fabricated, and driving at various refresh rate ranging from 1 to 120 Hz could be achieved.
Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control (1992)

Part 1 Microparasites: biology of host-microparasite associations the basic model - statics static aspects of eradication and control the basic model - dynamics dynamic aspects of eradication and control beyond the basic model - empirical evidence of inhomogeneous mixing age-related transmission rates genetic heterogeneity social heterogeneity and sexually transmitted diseases spatial and other kinds of heterogeneity endemic infections in developing countries indirectly transmitted microparasites. Part 2 Macroparasites: biology of host-macroparasite associations the basic model - statics the basic model - dynamics acquired immunity heterogeneity within the human community indirectly transmitted helminths experimental epidemiology parasites, genetic variability, and drug resistance the ecology and genetics of host-parasite associations.
Brain Edema in Neurooncology: Radiological Assessment and Management (2004)

Vasogenic brain edema is a common diagnostic and management problem in brain tumor patients. Molecular mechanisms play a role in the pathophysiology, including abnormalities of tumor endothelium, vascular endothelial growth factor and leukotriene synthase. Edema diagnosis is facilitated by the development of neuroradiological imaging techniques, with diffusion-weighted imaging (DW-MRI) differentiating tumor grades or abscesses and tumors, and diffusion tensor imaging representing an advanced technique to potentially differentiate malignant glioma from metastasis or facilitate preoperative planning. Edema is a prognostic factor for meningioma and metastases but not for glioma. Therapy includes, amongst others, tumor-directed measures such as debulking surgery, radio- and chemotherapy. However, local therapeutic approaches might also induce or exacerbate edema formation. Peritumoral edema can usually be managed with corticosteroids. However, patients on corticosteroids are at greater risk of metabolic changes, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and thromboembolism. More recently, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 as well as boswellic acids have been explored as antiedema agents in patients with brain tumors.
An automated microprobe for temperature dependent spatial scanning of the Seebeck coefficient (2004)

The common principle of scanning the Seebeck coefficient at the surface of a thermoelectric material is based on simultaneous measurement of two thermo-voltages, caused by a temperature gradient between a tip-shaped hot microprobe and the sample. A pointed probe mounted to a three dimensional micro-positioning system allows the determination of the individual thermopower of each single sample position. So far, this method has only been working at ambient temperature. Recent improvement of the measuring device by the implementation of a cooling/heating system led to an expansion of the sample temperature ranging between about 30 K below and above room temperature and enables computer controlled repeated scans on the sample surface at different stabilised temperatures set in user defined steps. In this way, along with the sample homogeneity, the temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient near room temperature can be determined at different locations of the sample, facilitating an advanced analysis of thermoelectric materials.
Correlation between COX-2 and APC expression in left versus right-sided human colon cancer. (2011)

We report a strong inverse correlation between COX-2 and W-APC expression, with COX-2 being more frequently as expressed in LSCRC. These data may be useful to stratify colorectal cancer patients into right- and left-sided and COX-2 expressor and non-expressor subsets, when evaluating COX-2 inhibitor and other targeted therapies in colon cancer.