gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of expression of tomato‐ripening genes at high temperature (1988)

Abstract. Ripening tomato fruits incubated at 35°C fail to achieve normal pigmentation, soften little and show a marked decline in ethylene evolution. Labelling studies in vivo indicate that protein synthesis continues throughout incubation at 35°C although the spectrum of labelled proteins is different to that observed at 25°C. Translation of mRNAs in vitro shows traces of several ‘heat‐shock’ mRNAs at 35°C and the loss of several others normally found in fruit ripened at 25°C. Using ripening‐related cDNA clones as hybridization probes the expression of 12 ripening‐related genes was followed during incubation at 25°C and 35°C. In general, there was a marked decline in the amounts of these mRNAs following incubation of ripening fruit at 35°C. In particular, mRNA homologous to pTOM 6, a cDNA clone coding for polygalacturonase, a major cell wall degrading enzyme, showed a rapid decline following incubation at 35°C and after 72‐h at elevated temperature was undetectable. There was no recovery of expression during 120 h at 35°C and the application of exogenous ethylene did not overcome the inhibition of ripening or lead to the renewed accumulation of polygalacturonase mRNA. It is proposed that the failure to soften normally at elevated temperature is due, in part, to the suppression of polygalacturonase mRNA and that the inhibition of other facets of ripening at 35°C is due to the inhibition or reduced expression of other, as yet unidentified, ripening‐related genes.
Function-based object model towards website adaptation (2001)

Content understanding is a crucial issue for website adaptation. In this paper we present a Function-based Object Model (FOM) that attempts to understand authors’ intention by identifying Object function instead of semantic understanding. Every Object in a website serves for certain functions (Basic and Specific Function) which reflect authors’ intention towards the purpose of an Object. Based on this consideration we have proposed the FOM model for website understanding. FOM includes two complementary parts: Basic FOM based on the basic functional properties of Object and Specific FOM based on the category of Object. An automatic approach to detect the functional properties and category of Object is presented for FOM generation. Two level adaptation rules (general rules and specific rules) based on FOM are combined for practical adaptation. A system for web content adaptation over Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is developed as an application example of the proposed model. Experiments have shown satisfactory results and extensibility.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding human 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide). (1992)

2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (( OGDH: 2-oxoglutarate:lipoamide 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-succinylating), EC 1.2.4.2 )) is a component enzyme of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. We have cloned a human cDNA encoding OGDH from a fetal liver cDNA library by plaque hybridization with a mixture of oligonucleotide probes designed from the amino acid sequences of porcine OGDH. This cDNA spans 4156 bases and contains an open reading frame of 3009 nucleotides encoding a presequence of 40 amino acid residues and a mature protein of 963 amino acid residues (Mr = 108,642). The size of the mRNA is approximately 4.2 kilobases. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the human OGDH with experimentally determined segments of porcine OGDH comprising 308 amino acid residues shows 93% sequence identity. The human OGDH has 37% sequence identity with 933 amino acid residues of the Escherichia coli OGDH and 40% sequence identity with 1014 residues of the yeast OGDH.
Enhanced field emission from printed carbon nanotubes by mechanical surface modification (2003)

A method is presented where the morphology of screen printed carbon nanotube pastes is modified using an adhesive tape. In this way, the organic matrix material is preferentially removed leaving an optimal emitter surface of sparsely distributed and well-aligned carbon nanotubes. From these emitter surfaces, homogeneous emission was observed with emitter site densities of at least 104 emitters cm−2 and extracted current densities over 500 mA cm−2.
A Study on Single Machine Scheduling with a Rate-Modifying Activity and Time-Dependent Deterioration After the Activity (2013)

We consider the single machine scheduling problem with a rate-modifying activity and time-dependent deterioration after the activity. The class of scheduling problems with rate-modifying activities and the class of scheduling problems with time-dependent processing times have been studied independently. However, the integration of these classes is motivated by human operators of tasks who has fatigue while carrying out the operation of a series of tasks. This situation is also applicable to machines that experience performance degradation over time due to mal-position or mal-alignment of jobs, abrasion of tools, and scraps of operations, etc. In this study, the integration of the two classes of scheduling problems is considered. We present a mathematical model to determine job-sequence and a position of a rate-modifying activity for the integration problem. Since the model is difficult to solve as the size of real problem being very large, we propose genetic algorithms. The performance of the algorithms are compared with optimal solutions with various problems.
Standardized GPS Simulation Scenarios for SPS Receiver Testing (2006)

This paper describes ten simple GPS simulator scenarios. These scenarios have been designed to complement Standard Positioning Service (SPS) receiver testing using controlled and repeatable signal conditions. Receiver manufacturers and product integrators may choose to use these or other GPS simulation scenarios to help ensure performance requirements are satisfied. These scenarios are based on test procedures accepted within the GPS industry. I. INTRODUCTION Over the last five to ten years, the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver technology has expanded dramatically across multiple industries and commercial markets. New applications are being introduced nearly every day within the wireless, aviation, maritime, automotive, and medical industries—just to name a few. As new navigation and timing applications continue to emerge, GPS receiver manufacturers and their OEM integrators will increasingly rely on common test procedures to ensure end-item performance requirements are satisfied. Unfortunately, OEM production dates are sometimes delayed while vendors and their clients dispute various test results and performance attributes that may be misunderstood or misinterpreted. These disputes may be further complicated by OEM-specific design choices (such as LNA gain and noise figure, front-end bandwidth and RF
Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by Real-Time PCR (2012)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant cause of respiratory disease, accounting for approximately 20% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Although several diagnostic methods exist to detect M. pneumoniae in respiratory specimens, real-time PCR has emerged as a significant improvement for the rapid diagnosis of this pathogen. The method described herein details the procedure for the detection of M. pneumoniae by real-time PCR (qPCR). The qPCR assay described can be performed with three targets specific for M. pneumoniae (Mp181, Mp3, and Mp7) and one marker for the detection of the RNaseP gene found in human nucleic acid as an internal control reaction. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of this procedure to reliably identify this agent and facilitate the timely recognition of an outbreak.
An analysis of the requirements traceability problem (2002)

Investigates and discusses the underlying nature of the requirements traceability problem. Our work is based on empirical studies, involving over 100 practitioners, and an evaluation of current support. We introduce the distinction between pre-requirements specification (pre-RS) traceability and post-requirements specification (post-RS) traceability to demonstrate why an all-encompassing solution to the problem is unlikely, and to provide a framework through which to understand its multifaceted nature. We report how the majority of the problems attributed to poor requirements traceability are due to inadequate pre-RS traceability and show the fundamental need for improvements. We present an analysis of the main barriers confronting such improvements in practice, identify relevant areas in which advances have been (or can be) made, and make recommendations for research.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease With Urinary Metabolic Profiling (2009)

Specific urinary metabolites related to gut microbial metabolism differ between CD patients, UC patients, and controls. The emerging technique of urinary metabolic profiling with multivariate analysis was able to distinguish these cohorts.
Genotoxic stress confers preferential and coordinate messenger RNA stability on the five gadd genes. (1994)

The growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (gadd) genes represent a group of five stress-inducible genes that are coordinately regulated at the transcriptional level. Posttranscriptional regulation of gadd153, gadd45, gadd34, gadd33, and gadd7 was studied after exposure to DNA-damaging agents or other growth arrest treatments in hamster cells. Relative transcript levels were measured following treatment with the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D. After exposure to methylmethane sulfonate or UV radiation, all five gadd messages demonstrated a coordinate increase in mRNA stability compared to untreated exponentially growing cells. This enhanced stability was not an universal response to genotoxic stress since other DNA damage-inducible genes, such as c-jun and c-fos, did not show an appreciable increase in mRNA half-life. In contrast, induction of growth arrest by media depletion (starvation) or by treatment with the growth inhibitor prostaglandin A2 did not induce such an increase in mRNA stability in all gadd genes. Comparison of overall RNA turnover by 3H labeling of total cellular RNA also indicated that the preferential stabilization of the gadd transcripts by DNA-damaging agents was not an artifactual response due to variations in overall RNA metabolism within each treatment group. However, DNA-damaging agents were ineffective in inducing stabilization of gadd153 mRNA in growth-arrested cells. This suggest that the signal(s) that give rise to gadd mRNA stability may also be affected by the state of cellular proliferation. Together, these results suggest that the global posttranscriptional response of the gadd genes to DNA-damaging agents is specific and unique to actively growing cells, and further implicates the role of the gadd genes in the DNA damage response of cycling cells.
Modeling the dynamic behavior of a shape memory alloy actuated catheter (2008)

In this paper we investigate the transient behavior of a simple active catheter: a central tube actuated by a single nitinol tendon enclosed by an outer sleeve. Dynamic models are developed to characterize the transient behavior and optimize the design of an experimental prototype. The bending mechanics are derived using a circular arc model and are experimentally validated. Nitinol actuation is described using the Seelecke–Muller–Achenbach model for single-crystal shape memory alloys using experimentally determined parameters. The dynamic characteristics of this active catheter system are simulated and compared with experimental results. Joule heating is used to generate tip deflections, which are computed in real time using a dual-camera imaging system. The effects of outer sleeve thickness on heat transfer and transient response characteristics are studied.
Identification of polymorphisms and balancing selection in the male infertility candidate gene, ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3 (2006)

Mutations in the OAZ3 gene are not a common cause of male infertility. However, the presence of the two divergent haplotypes at high frequencies in all three of our subsamples (infertile, control, African) suggests that they have been maintained in the genome by balancing selection, which was supported by a test of Tajima's D statistic. Evidence for natural selection in this region implies that these haplotypes may be associated with a trait other than infertility. This trait may be related to another function of OAZ3 or a region in tight linkage disequilibrium to the gene.
A blind deconvolution method for neural spike identification (2011)

We consider the problem of estimating neural spikes from extracellular voltage recordings. Most current methods are based on clustering, which requires substantial human supervision and systematically mishandles temporally overlapping spikes. We formulate the problem as one of statistical inference, in which the recorded voltage is a noisy sum of the spike trains of each neuron convolved with its associated spike waveform. Joint maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) estimation of the waveforms and spikes is then a blind deconvolution problem in which the coefficients are sparse. We develop a block-coordinate descent procedure to approximate the MAP solution, based on our recently developed continuous basis pursuit method. We validate our method on simulated data as well as real data for which ground truth is available via simultaneous intracellular recordings. In both cases, our method substantially reduces the number of missed spikes and false positives when compared to a standard clustering algorithm, primarily by recovering overlapping spikes. The method offers a fully automated alternative to clustering methods that is less susceptible to systematic errors.
Interaction of Microbiology and Pathology in Women Undergoing Investigations for Infertility (2004)

Women with infertility, but without severe endometriosis at laparoscopy, showed a trend towards tubal damage and a higher rate of previous C. trachomatis infection. Although not statistically significant, this trend would suggest that, where moderate to severe tubal damage is found to be the primary cause of infertility, C. trachomatis infection could be a likely cause for such tubal damage.
Decatenation activity of topoisomerase IV during oriC and pBR322 DNA replication in vitro. (1993)

Topoisomerase IV (Topo IV), encoded by parC and parE, is required for partition of the daughter chromosomes in Escherichia coli. This enzyme is likely responsible for decatenating the linked daughter chromosomes after replication. In this report, we have examined the action of Topo IV in both pBR322 and oriC DNA replication reconstituted in vitro with purified proteins. Gyrase fails to decatenate the linked daughter molecules under any condition in the oriC system and at physiological salt concentrations in the pBR322 system, whereas Topo IV stimulates generation of monomer product DNA by 7- to 10-fold. Topo IV-catalyzed decatenation of isolated multiply linked DNA dimers was relatively insensitive to salt; it proceeded at 14% of the maximal rate even in the presence of 800 mM potassium glutamate. In contrast, decatenation in vitro by gyrase was inhibited completely under these conditions. Pulse-chase analysis indicated that Topo IV-catalyzed resolution of linked daughter DNA molecules occurred prior to completion of DNA replication, such that multiply linked daughter molecules did not arise. These results suggest that during DNA replication, gyrase acts primarily to relieve accumulated positive supercoiling and Topo IV acts to segregate the daughter chromosomes.
Requirements for Deadlock-Free, Adaptive Packet Routing (1994)

This paper studies the problem of deadlock-free packet routing in parallel and distributed architectures. Three main results are presented. First, it is shown that the standard technique of ordering the buffers so that every packet always has the possibility of moving to a higher-ordered buffer is not necessary for deadlock freedom. Second, it is shown that every deadlock-free, adaptive packet routing algorithm can be restricted, by limiting the adaptivity available, to obtain an oblivious algorithm which is also deadlock-free. Third, it is shown that any packet routing algorithm for a cycle or torus network which is free of deadlock and which uses only minimal length paths must require at least three buffers in some node. This matches the known upper bound of three buffers per node for deadlock-free, minimal packet routing on cycle and torus networks.
An application of virtual reality in rehabilitation (2002)

Virtual reality (VR) has been applied in developing systems for vehicle simulation, robot control, decision support and analysis, virtual interfaces to complex systems, entertainment, electronic art, medical science, and education. As an off-spin of virtual reality, a number of sensory hardware components have been developed. One of the greatest potentials of VR exists in medicine and surgery. The author discusses some of the sensory devices developed for VR systems, and then suggests an application in evaluating the performance of impaired hand. The proposed system can be used to monitor patient's progress in therapy and to devise better treatment strategies. The author finally concludes with a discussion on some of the challenges and issues facing the existing technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards Clean Fuels: Molecular‐Level Sulfur Reactivity in Heavy Oils (2006)

Heavy-oil desulfurization is an important process for the production of clean (ultra-low sulfur) transportation fuels. The relative reactivities of the sulfur compounds present in heavy oils (the graphic shows retention times for thiophenes (T) and annulated thiophenes on nonpolar and polar columns) are strongly dependent on the conditions of the desulfurization process.
Secure localization and authentication in ultra-wideband sensor networks (2006)

The recent Federal Communications Commission regulations for ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission systems have sparked a surge of research interests in the UWB technology. One of the important application areas of UWB is wireless sensor networks. The proper operations of many UWB sensor networks rely on the knowledge of physical sensor locations. However, most existing localization algorithms developed for sensor networks are vulnerable to attacks in hostile environments. As a result, attackers can easily subvert the normal functionalities of location-dependent sensor networks by exploiting the weakness of localization algorithms. In this paper, we first analyze the security of existing localization techniques. We then develop a mobility-assisted secure localization scheme for UWB sensor networks. In addition, we propose a location-based scheme to enable secure authentication in UWB sensor networks.
High Temperature Refractory Coating Materials For Sapphire Waveguides (1990)

Refractory materials are examined for thermodynamic suitability for coating sapphire waveguides. The materials selected are silicon carbide, zirconia, silica and metal niobium. Experimental verification of chemical reaction in very low pressure and at 857C temperature is studied through X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples before and after heating. Electron microprobe analysis will provide valuable information on weight percentage of chemical reactions and SEM will provide some information on visible changes in the sample. Various methods are available for coating the fiber that would make it suitable for high temperature, pressure, vibration, strain and other mechanical sensing in harsh environments.
A Low Forward Bias Active Diode Circuit for Electrostatic Energy Harvesters (2018)

This paper presents a MOS active diode circuit that is suitable for energy harvesting applications. The proposed active diode has a minimized reverse leakage and achieves a low forward voltage. The design is implemented and simulated in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology. Compared to the diode-connected MOS transistor, which has a forward voltage around 300 to 400 mV, the proposed diode demonstrates a near zero forward voltage with minimum supply voltage. The application of the proposed design is demonstrated through a regenerative energy harvester, and the performance is simulated and compared with measurement results from a harvester with regular diodes.
[Antifungal and antimicrobial activity of beta-ionone and vitamin A derivatives]. (1984)

The antifungal and antimicrobic activity of some derivatives of beta-ionon and vitamin A was studied. These compounds (citral, pseudo-ionon. beta-ionon aldehyde C14, ketone C18 and its derivatives--4,18-diketone, alcohol C18, semicarbazide ketone C18), as well as vitamin A and its derivatives--retinal, acetate, retinoic acid--differ in composition, structure and substituents of C-atoms in beta-ionon ring and in polyenoic chain. Fusarium solani, Botrytis cenerea and Verticillum dahliae II, race 447 were used as test organisms when studying the antifungal activity. When studying the antimicrobic activity, ketone C18 and alcohol C18 were tested using the museum strains Staphylococcus aureus 209 P, hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes FF-38, Streptococcus sp. TOM-1606, Micrococcus luteus 2665, as well as the strains Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pyoderma patients. The antifungal activity was determined by inhibition of spore germination, and the antimicrobic activity--by the value of areas of growth inhibition of the test organisms on the agar medium. All the compounds mentioned above possessed the antifungal activity against all the phytopathogenes used. The degree of this activity depends on the composition and structure of both the cyclic part and polyenoic chain. on the number of conjugated unsaturations, substituents and end groups of C-atom. Ketone C18 is the most active one. It inhibits spore germination by 100-94% at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.005% and 24 h exposure, and by 100% at the concentration of 0.1% and 72 h exposure. Alcohol C18 possesses almost the same antifungul activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analysis of the Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides in Aqueous Solutions Using Hydrogen-Bond Acidic Coating on SH-SAW Devices (2011)

The work presented in this paper focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a hybrid organic/inorganic chemically sensitive layer for rapid detection and analysis of OPs in aqueous solutions using SH-SAW devices. Coated SH-SAW devices on 36° YX-LiTaO and 42.75° YX-Quartz (ST-90° X Quartz), are used to determine the optimum operating conditions for achieving rapid sensor responses with high sensitivity. Three analytes (parathion-methyl, parathion, and paraoxon), having similar molecular mass and volume, are used to evaluate the performance of the hybrid organic/inorganic coating in terms of sensor properties of interest including sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility. It is shown that the coating has a high degree of partial selectivity and sensitivity towards the analytes. With the present non-optimized chemical sensor, a limit of detection of 60 (ppb), 20 (ppb) and 100 (ppb) is estimated for parathion-methyl, parathion, and paraoxon, respectively, when using a 0.5 -thick BPA-HMTS sensing layer. Concentrations as low as 500 (ppb) parathion have been measured. This concentration is significantly much lower than the typical concentrations found on agricultural produce (≥10 ppm).