gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
La planificación estratégica: instrumento de participación y inclusión social. (2010)

1. La planificacion estrategica. La planificacion estrategica se define como la combinacion de tecnicas, instrumentos y acciones que una organizacion aplica para alcanzar sus objetivos. Desde un punto de vista tecnologico se trata de una tecnica empleada por la empresa para alcanzar una mayor eficiencia en su organizacion y un mayor impacto en los distintos segmentos de mercado sobre los que actua. En el juego del ajedrez la estrategia se define como un conjunto de acciones encadenadas que cada jugador planifica en funcion de la logica del juego y las posibilidades de respuesta por parte del adversario. Pero en el juego, la estrategia no es una tecnica segura y objetivable. Las multiples posibilidades y combinaciones que las distintas respuestas de los jugadores generan obligan al jugador a tomar una serie de decisiones o riesgos en funcion de su propia interpretacion del juego y las previsiones que del juego del otro puede realizar. En este sentido la estrategia supone una interpretacion de la realidad, un analisis de la situacion, una toma de decisiones, lo cual supone un riego que el individuo debe asumir y, finalmente un plan de actuacion que debe ser evaluado y corregido jugada a jugada. Desde el punto de vista de las relaciones interpersonales y sociales podemos afirmar que la vida cotidiana se regula por un juego de estrategias individuales y colectivas. Cada ser humano establece una estrategia de comunicacion e interaccion con el otro en funcion de su propia representacion de la realidad, de su autoconcepto, de los estereotipos sociales y de las expectativas que establezca acerca de la conducta del otro. Igualmente desde el punto de vista de la estructuracion del tejido social y del desarrollo sociocultural son las representaciones compartidas de la realidad, las
The Prandtl micro flow sensor (PMFS): a novel silicon diaphragm capacitive sensor for flow velocity measurement (2002)

This paper presents the setup, operation principle, and fabrication process of a novel type of flow velocity sensor. Like the well known classical Prandtl tube, it realizes flow velocity detection by measurement of the pressure difference between stagnant fluid pressure in front of the sensor and static pressure in the flow around the sensor. This difference results in a deflection of a silicon diaphragm suspended boss, that serves as the counter electrode of an integrated capacitor which is directly exposed to the fluid to be measured. The main parameters influencing the sensor operation are discussed. Results of wind tunnel experiments confirm the sensor's operation principle. Finally, the sensor's merits and drawbacks are summarized.
Unreachable Setpoints in Model Predictive Control (2008)

In this work, a new model predictive controller is developed that handles unreachable setpoints better than traditional model predictive control methods. The new controller induces an interesting fast/slow asymmetry in the tracking response of the system. Nominal asymptotic stability of the optimal steady state is established for terminal constraint model predictive control (MPC). The region of attraction is the steerable set. Existing analysis methods for closed-loop properties of MPC are not applicable to this new formulation, and a new analysis method is developed. It is shown how to extend this analysis to terminal penalty MPC. Two examples are presented that demonstrate the advantages of the proposed setpoint-tracking MPC over the current target-tracking MPC.
Use of BODIPY‐labeled Sphingolipids to Study Membrane Traffic along the Endocytic Pathway<sup>a</sup> (1998)

In this chapter we discuss the use of BODIPY-labeled sphingolipids to study lipid transport along the endocytic pathway of cultured mammalian cells. The unique spectral properties of the BODIPY fluorophore allow the investigator to distinguish various populations of labeled endosome and lysosomes within the living cell by fluorescence microscopy, and in conjunction with quantitative fluorescence microscopy, to estimate the concentration of these lipids in different intracellular compartments. This methodology is particularly useful for visualizing the accumulation of lipids in the lysosomes of storage disease fibroblasts and may provide a useful method for screening various agents that abrogate this accumulation.
Research on the Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa (2009)

Abstract Early diagnosis of oral carcinomas is essential for successful treatment. The purpose of the present study is to apply near‐infrared Raman spectroscopy to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and leukoplakia (OLK), in order to establish the diagnostic model of the Raman spectra of oral diseases. We collected Raman spectra of normal, OLK and SCC by near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. The biochemical variations between different lesions were analyzed by the characteristic bands in the subtracted mean spectra. Gaussian radial basis function support vector machines (SVM) were used to classify spectra and establish the diagnostic models. Major differences were observed in the range between 800 and 1800 cm −1 . Compared with normal mucosa, high contents of protein, DNA and lipid in SCC and OLK were observed, but the difference between OLK and normal tissue was not as much as that between normal and SCC. SVM displayed a powerful ability in the classifying of normal and SCC, and the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy were 100, 97.56 and 98.75%, respectively. In discriminating between the OLK and normal groups, the three parameters were 85, 68 and 72.5%. The algorithm showed good ability in grouping and modeling of OLK and SCC, and the three parameters were 95, 97.43 and 96.25%. Combined with SVM, near‐infrared Raman spectroscopy can detect biochemical variations in oral normal mucosa, OLK and SCC, and establish diagnostic models accurately. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine-dobutamine on systemic and gastric mucosal oxygenation in septic shock. (2002)

Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, or norepinephrine-dobutamine improved blood pressure. Epinephrine and dopamine had deleterious effect on oxygen metabolism, while norepinephrine plus low dose of dobutamine improved gastric mucosal perfusion and tissue oxygen utilization.
Multicenter Study Using Paraffin-Embedded Tumor Tissue Testing <i>PITX2</i> DNA Methylation As a Marker for Outcome Prediction in Tamoxifen-Treated, Node-Negative Breast Cancer Patients (2008)

PITX2 methylation can be reliably assessed by real-time PCR technology in FFPE tissue. Together with our earlier studies, we have accumulated substantial evidence that PITX2 methylation analysis holds promise as a practical assay for routine clinical use to predict outcome in node-negative, tamoxifen-treated breast cancer, which might allow, based on future validation studies, the identification of low-risk patients who may be treated by tamoxifen alone.
Simultaneous compensation for attenuation, scatter and detector response for SPECT reconstruction in three dimensions (1992)

A three-dimensional reconstruction method for simultaneous compensation of attenuation, scatter and distance-dependent detector response for single photon emission computed tomography is described and tested by experimental studies. The method determines the attenuation factors recursively along each projection ray starting at the intersected source voxel closest to the detector. The method substracts the scatter energy window data from the primary energy window data for scatter compensation. The detector response is modelled to be spatially invariant at a constant distance from the detector. The method convolves source distribution with the modelled response function to compensate for the smoothed by use of a non-uniform entropy prior to searching for the maximum a posteriori probability solution. The method was tested using projections acquired from a chest phantom by a three-headed detector system with parallel hole collimators. An improvement was shown in image noise, recognition of object sizes and shapes, and quantification of concentration ratios.
From planar to trench &#x2014; Evaluation of ruggedness across various generations of power MOSFETs and implications on in-circuit performance (2011)

In this paper we compare the ruggedness of various generations of power MOSFETs using three criteria - single-pulse avalanche robustness, forward-biased safe-operation-area (FBSOA), and body-diode reverse recovery ruggedness. We observed that the trench-gate FETs are generally inferior to planar-gate counterparts in both FBSOA and avalanche capabilities; however, both trench and planar FETs show comparable performance under certain test conditions. Moreover, the trench FETs evaluated in this study are superior in reverse recovery ruggedness.
Relationships between LH, FSH and prolactin secretion and reproductive activity in the weaned sow (1985)

Blood samples were collected from primiparous sows via indwelling jugular cannulae at 15-min intervals for 12 h before and for 24 h (2 sows) or 48 h (10 sows) after weaning and then every 4 h until behavioural oestrus. Weaning to oestrus intervals ranged from 3 to 10 days and 2 sows showed no signs of oestrus and had not ovulated by Days 11 and 16 after weaning. Prolactin concentrations in plasma decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) and reached basal levels 1-2 h after weaning in all sows whilst plasma progesterone concentrations remained basal until approximately 30 h after the preovulatory LH surge in sows that ovulated. Elevated concentrations of prolactin or progesterone during the post-weaning period were, therefore, not responsible for delayed restoration of cyclicity. Overall, mean LH concentrations rose significantly (P less than 0.001) from 0.22 +/- 0.02 during the 12-h period before weaning to 0.38 +/- 0.03 ng/ml during the 12-h post-weaning period. After weaning, pulsatile and basal LH secretions were markedly increased for sows that showed an early return to oestrus (less than or equal to 4 days) compared with sows showing a longer weaning to oestrus interval but a correlation did not exist between either of these LH characteristics and the time taken to resume cyclicity. Mean LH concentrations before weaning were, however, inversely related (r = -0.649; P less than 0.05) to the weaning to oestrus interval. Overall, mean FSH concentrations rose significantly (P less than 0.001) from 151.1 +/- 6.2 (s.e.m.) ng/ml in the 12-h period immediately before weaning to 187.7 +/- 9.7 ng/ml in the subsequent 12-h period but there was no correlation between FSH concentrations, before or after weaning, and the interval from weaning to oestrus. However, a significant correlation was apparent between ovulation rate and peak concentrations of the rise in FSH after weaning (r = 0.746; P less than 0.05) and overall mean FSH values (r = 0.645; P less than 0.05). It is concluded that both LH and FSH concentrations in peripheral blood rose in response to removal of the suckling stimulus at weanling. The increase in LH pulse frequency associated with weaning was not directly related to the weaning to oestrus interval although a specific pattern of LH secretion was observed in sows showing an early return to oestrus (less than or equal to 4 days).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
光源模擬系統：應用於機器視覺系統中光源最佳位置之決定 (1998)

摘要 我們發展了一套應用於機器視覺中之光源模擬系統，並藉模擬之影像以決定光源與感測器之最佳架設位置。在本系統中，對於光源的設計，乃由「基本光源」組成「應用光源」。「基本光源」包含「擴散型」及「平行光型」兩大類，由此再分爲三種型態：點光源、線形及環形共六種組合。這六種光源可模擬出常見的：燈泡、日光燈管、環形燈管、光纖、雷射等。「應用光源」是由使用者依需要，將基本光源做排列組合形成之新光源。由此衍生，一個機器視覺中所架設的多燈管、環光，或網狀結構光、環狀結構光均可逹成。最後，系統由模擬所得之影像，依據影像過亮或過暗情形、亮度分佈範圍 (dynamic range)、影像亮度區域變異性(local contrast)及影像由Within Group演法獲得之二極化(binary)閥值(threshold)上下±5 個灰階值內之點數和的機率等計算指標。綜合這些指標值可作爲使用者決定每個相機、光源架設位置之適當性。 Abstract We developed an illumination simulation system for machine vision application and by the simulated image to determine the optimized arrangement of light and sensor (camera). There are two parts in our illumination simulation system, “basic light” and extended light, The “basic light” is built in system, including “diffused” and “parallel” models, The point, line and ring lights are constructed on the two models, so there are six types of basic lights in the system. The “extended light” is a light that users defined and is the light which work in the simulation system. Users may define an extended light by combining the “basic lights”. Besides the lights, we simulate the cameras by perspective projection to transform the object shape into an image scene. The objects are constructed by points, lines, and polygons. These three parts: lights, cameras and objects are designed to be indepwndent, in order to make the simulated devices to be reconfigurable easily. As for the output of the simulation system, we use the “Phong Illumination Model” to simulate the illumination effect. The Z buffer algorithm is used to determine the visible vertices of object, By calculating the intersection between the lines of the object to light, and the surface of the object, the shading of the image can be determined. Finally, four indices about the image quality are calculated on the simulation image: the dynamic range, the brightness, the local contrast, and the threshold stability. Through these four indices, a user can decide whether the arrangement of the system is satisfied. 關鍵詞: 機器視覺電腦模擬光源模擬投光模式影像評估Keywords: machine visioncomputer simulationlight simulationillumination modelimage quality
An epitope localized in c-Src negative regulatory domain is a potential marker in early stage of colonic neoplasms. (1998)

In previous work, we established a new monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the active form of c-Src tyrosine kinase (Kawakatsu et al, 1996). To determine whether c-Src is active in colorectal tumorigenesis, we examined the expression of an active form of c-Src in human normal mucosa, hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas. The tissue distribution of the active form of c-Src was studied by immunohistochemistry using this antibody, termed Clone 28. Among 66 cases of adenoma tested, 61 (92%) showed positive staining (adenoma with mild atypia, 3 of 3; adenoma with moderate atypia, 38 of 42; adenoma with severe atypia, 20 of 21). In contrast to the frequent and intense staining in adenomas, adenocarcinoma showed weak staining with less frequency in 4 of 16 (25%) cases. The number of specimens with positive staining in well- and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas was limited to an early stage. The active form of c-Src mainly localized to the nuclear membrane and the perinuclear region. These results provide the first direct evidence that the activation of c-Src appears to be an early event in colonic carcinogenesis in situ. The findings of the present study thus allow us to propose a molecular mechanism involving c-Src activation in the process of malignant transformation of the human colonic neoplastic cells.
The hundred year spacecraft (2003)

Two major steps in the evolution of autonomous, longlife spacecraft computing systems have been the demonstrations of systems with one-year and ten-year life expectancies in space. This paper discusses the design concept of a distributed, diversified self-testing and self-repairing computing system that is embedded in an autonomous spacecraft and serves as its agent for automatic maintenance. The attainment of a hundred-year life expectancy is founded on the extensive use of diversity in materials, technologies and design of hardware elements. Diversity of hardware and software designs also provides tolerance of design faults. A hierarchical system structure and a rigorous design paradigm for the fault-tolerance defenses also support the goals of autonomy and long system lifetime.
Reusable and Efficient Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub>/TBAB/PEG-400 System for Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction under Ligand-Free Conditions (2006)

The combination of Pd(OAc)2, TBAB and PEG-400 [poly(ethylene glycol-400)] was introduced as a reusable and efficient system for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. In the presence of 0.01 to 3 mol% of Pd(OAc)2, 10 mol% of TBAB, 2 equivalents of K2CO3 and 4 g of PEG-400, a number of aryl halides were coupled with arylboronic acids efficiently to afford moderate to excellent yields of the corresponding products under ligand-free conditions. Moreover, the system can be reused three times without any loss of catalytic activity.
Dismissing the Class: A Practical Approach to the Class Action Restriction on the Legal Services Corporation (2005)

The class action lawsuit has emerged as an effective legal device for addressing common harms. Claimants who might not litigate their claims individually are empowered by the opportunity to speak with one voice. The class action device, however, has been made largely unavailable to legal services lawyers representing the poor. Congressional restrictions enacted in 1996 prohibit legal services organizations that receive federal funding from the Legal Services Corporation from using that funding to initiate or participate in any class action lawsuit. This article examines the social, legal and professional impact of the class action restriction on the Legal Services Corporation and on the recipients of its funding. This article concludes that the class action restriction has adversely affected the poor and, consequently, should be reconsidered. In the event that the class action restriction is not revised or repealed, this article suggests practical alternative strategies for delivering effective group representation to the poor.
Field and Laboratory Forensic Analysis of Reflective Cracking on Massachusetts Interstate 495 (2009)

In July 2007 the Massachusetts State Highway Department (Mass-Highway) began a pavement rehabilitation project involving the placement of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) over a section of portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement on Interstate 495. The pavement rehabilitation consisted of a 50.8-mm (2-in.) thick leveling course, followed by a 25.4-mm (1-in.) thick reflective crack relief interlayer (RCRI) and an overlay of another 50.8-mm (2-in.) thick intermediate course consisting of a dense-graded HMA mixture that was identical to the leveling course. Within approximately 2 months after placement, reflective cracking was observed in the area where only the initial 50.8-mm-thick leveling course had been placed. Approximately 6 months after the section that included the RCRI had been placed, reflective cracking was also observed. This paper summarizes a field and laboratory forensic effort that was aimed at determining the cause of the early reflective cracking on Interstate 495 in Massachusetts. Field testing, with the falling weight deflectometer as well as coring of PCC pavement, was used to assess the PCC joint performance in the vertical and horizontal deflection modes. Laboratory testing was conducted on laboratory-prepared HMA and evaluated for cracking resistance under vertical and horizontal deflections and for test temperatures that simulated field conditions. A general framework is introduced that can be used to assess the compatibility of different HMA and RCRI mixtures intended for use on composite pavements during the mixture selection and design phase before field placement.
Matched windows in circular waveguide (1988)

Design curves are presented for the matching of a dielectric window in circular waveguide propagating the dominant TE/sub 11/ mode. The matching is accomplished by thick or thin inductive irises which are in contact with the window on both sides. This configuration gives wide bandwidth and is mechanically convenient, but requires consideration of coupling of the higher-order modes generated by the closely spaced discontinuities. Mode matching and the generalized scattering matrix are utilized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lattice Defects in High-Dose As Implantation into Localized Si Area (1988)

Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observations have been carried out to clarify two-dimensional depth distributions of lattice defects generated in high-dose (5×10 15 and 2×10 16 ions/cm 2 ), 80 and 150 keV As-implanted, and annealed Si through 1.0 and 1.5 µm windows on (100) Si. Amorphous Si (a-Si) layer thicknesses formed by implantation range between projected range, R p , +(5∼6) standards deviation, Δ R p , with a lateral spread of about 0.18 times a-Si thickness under the mask edge. Typical post-annealed, induced defects in such amorphous layers are mask edge defects composed of dislocation lines caused by a complicated process for recovering mask edge amorphous layers, together with commonly observed dislocation loops in high-dose As implantation. Interaction between dislocation loops and knocked-on oxygen atoms is discussed, particularly concerning the elimination or survival of As-rich precipitate-induced dislocation loops.
Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of diagnosis of heart failure, with modelling of implications of different diagnostic strategies in primary care (2009)

The analysis suggests the need for important changes to the NICE recommendations. First, BNP (or NT-proBNP) should be recommended over ECG and, second, some patients should be referred straight for echocardiography without undergoing any preliminary investigation. Future work should include evaluation of the clinical rule described above in clinical practice.
Traffic grooming in an optical WDM mesh network (2002)

We investigate the problem of grooming low-speed traffic streams into high-capacity lightpaths in a WDM-based optical mesh topology network. We study the node architecture for a WDM mesh network with traffic grooming capability. A mathematical formulation of the traffic grooming problem is presented and some results from mathematical formulation are also shown.
Intracellular redox status affects transplasma membrane electron transport in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (2002)

Pulmonary arterial endothelial cells possess transplasma membrane electron transport (TPMET) systems that transfer intracellular reducing equivalents to extracellular electron acceptors. As one aspect of determining cellular mechanisms involved in one such TPMET system in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells in culture, glycolysis was inhibited by treatment with iodoacetate (IOA) or by replacing the glucose in the cell medium with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). TPMET activity was measured as the rate of reduction of the extracellular electron acceptor polymer toluidine blue O polyacrylamide. Intracellular concentrations of NADH, NAD(+), NADPH, and NADP(+) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography of KOH cell extracts. IOA decreased TPMET activity to 47% of control activity concomitant with a decrease in the NADH/NAD(+) ratio to 34% of the control level, without a significant change in the NADPH/NADP(+) ratio. 2-DG decreased TPMET activity to 53% of control and decreased both NADH/NAD(+) and NADPH/NADP(+) ratios to 51% and 55%, respectively, of control levels. When lactate was included in the medium along with the inhibitors, the effects of IOA and 2-DG on both TPMET activity and the NADPH/NADP(+) ratios were prevented. The results suggest that cellular redox status is a determinant of pulmonary arterial endothelial cell TPMET activity, with TPMET activity more highly correlated with the poise of the NADH/NAD(+) redox pair.