gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Die Größenabhängigkeit der Gleichgewichtsgeschwindigkeit von Partikeln beim Transport in Mikrokanälen (2014)

Durchflusszytometer sind Standardgeräte in der klinischen Diagnostik und Bioanalytik, mit denen die Konzentration von Zellpopulationen in einer Probe gemessen wird. Ihr prinzipieller Aufbau ist seit über vierzig Jahren unverändert: Die verdünnte Probe wird durch einen Laserfokus geführt, wobei sich immer nur eine Zelle zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt im Fokus befindet. Die Zellen, die mit einem für sie spezifischen Fluoreszenzfarbstoff markiert sind, senden dabei einen Fluoreszenzlichtblitz aus, durch den sie detektiert werden. Gleichzeitig wird das an der Zelle gestreute Laserlicht detektiert und damit werden Rückschlüsse auf die Zellgröße und morphologie gewonnen. Das neu entwickelte Konzept der räumlich modulierten Fluoreszenz für die Durchfluss¬zytometrie setzt eine Maske ein, die aus abwechselnd transparenten und opaken Bereichen unterschiedlicher Ausdehnung besteht und in den Strahlengang des Fluoreszenzlichts zwischen Zelle und Detektor platziert wird. Dadurch wird das Signal einer Zelle moduliert (an/aus), welches anschließend im Schritt der Signalauswertung mit Hilfe von Korrelations¬techniken detektiert wird. Gleichzeitig misst dieses Detektionsverfahren präzise die Geschwin¬digkeit der Zellen. Im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit wurde mit Hilfe der Technik der räumlich modulierten Fluoreszenz die Geschwindigkeit von starren, sphärischen Partikeln im parabolischen Strömungsprofil eines mikrofluidischen Rechteckkanals (480∙12 〖μm〗^2 ) gemessen. Die unter solchen fluidischen Bedingungen auftretende Migration der Partikel quer zur Strömungsrichtung in ihre Gleichgewichtslage (Segré-Silberberg Effekt) wurde mit Hilfe der Geschwindigkeitsmessung genauer untersucht, als es bisher möglich war. Der Vergleich mit den theoretischen Beschreibungen des Effekts zeigt, dass die Verläufe der Partikeltrajektorien die gemessenen Geschwindigkeitsverteilungen erklären können, aber die berechneten Laufstrecken zum Erreichen der Gleichgewichtslage zu kurz sind. Des Weiteren wurde die Gleichgewichtsgeschwin¬digkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Reynoldszahl und vom Partikeldurchmesser gemessen. Die Abhängigkeit der Gleichgewichtsgeschwindigkeit vom Partikeldurchmesser kann technisch zur Größenmessung der Partikel genutzt werden. Bei den fluidischen Bedingungen dieser Arbeit konnten Partikel im Größenbereiche 4,24 μm bis 6,42 μm voneinander unterschieden werden. Die Auflösung des Partikeldurchmessers nimmt mit steigender Reynoldszahl bis zu einem Wert von 50 nm zu. Auch die Größe von Zellen kann an Hand der Geschwindig¬keitsmessung bestimmt werden, was demonstriert wird. Zum Schluss der Arbeit wird ein Vergleich zwischen der klassischen Größenmessung mittels Streulicht und der Größenmessung mittels der Gleichgewichtsgeschwindigkeit angestellt.
Lossless Compression of Floating-Point Geometry (2004)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
An Integrated Approach for Shift Scheduling and Rostering Problems with Break Times for Inbound Call Centers (2018)

It may be very difficult to achieve the optimal shift schedule in call centers which have highly uncertain and peaked demand during short time periods. Overlapping shift systems are usually designed for such cases. This paper studies shift scheduling and rostering problems for inbound call centers where overlapping shift systems are used. An integer programming model that determines which shifts to be opened and how many operators to be assigned to these shifts is proposed for the shift scheduling problem. For the rostering problem both integer programming and constraint programming models are developed to determine assignments of operators to all shifts, weekly days-off, and meal and relief break times of the operators. The proposed models are tested on real data supplied by an outsource call center and optimal results are found in an acceptable computation time. An improvement of 15% in the objective function compared to the current situation is observed with the proposed model for the shift scheduling problem. The computational performances of the proposed integer and constraint programming models for the rostering problem are compared using real data observed at a call center and simulated test instances. In addition, benchmark instances are used to compare our Constraint Programming (CP) approach with the existing models. The results of the comprehensive computational study indicate that the constraint programming model runs more efficiently than the integer programming model for the rostering problem. The originality of this research can be attributed to two contributions: (a) a model for shift scheduling problem and two models for rostering problem are presented in detail and compared using real data and (b) the rostering problem is considered as a task-resource allocation and considerably shorter computation times are obtained by modeling this new problem via CP.
Smad7 Gene Transfer Attenuates Adventitial Cell Migration and Vascular Remodeling After Balloon Injury (2005)

We provide the first evidence that vascular smad7 overexpression attenuates remodeling and contribution of adventitial fibroblasts to neointima formation after balloon angioplasty. Smad7 may represent a novel therapeutic target to reduce the incidence of restenosis.
Checking type safety of foreign function calls (2005)

We present a multi-lingual type inference system for checking type safety across a foreign function interface. The goal of our system is to prevent foreign function calls from introducing type and memory safety violations into an otherwise safe language. Our system targets OCaml's FFI to C, which is relatively lightweight and illustrates some interesting challenges in multi-lingual type inference. The type language in our system embeds OCaml types in C types and vice-versa, which allows us to track type information accurately even through the foreign language, where the original types are lost. Our system uses representational types that can model multiple OCaml types, because C programs can observe that many OCaml types have the same physical representation. Furthermore, because C has a low-level view of OCaml data, our inference system includes a dataflow analysis to track memory offsets and tag information. Finally, our type system includes garbage collection information to ensure that pointers from the FFI to the OCaml heap are tracked properly. We have implemented our inference system and applied it to a small set of benchmarks. Our results show that programmers do misuse these interfaces, and our implementation has found several bugs and questionable coding practices in our benchmarks.
Nucleotide chemistry. XVI. Synthesis of a diribonucleoside monophosphate by the .beta.-cyanoethyl phosphotriester method (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNucleotide chemistry. XVI. Synthesis of a diribonucleoside monophosphate by the .beta.-cyanoethyl phosphotriester methodGary W. Grams and Robert L. LetsingerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 3, 868–870Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00828a090https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00828a090research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Biomimetic Artificial Photolyase Model (2004)

Two new artificial photolyase models that recognize pyrimidine dimers in protic and aprotic organic solvents as well as in water through a combination of charge and hydrogen-bonding interactions and use a mimic of the flavine to achieve repair through reductive photoinduced electron transfer are presented. Fluorescence and NMR titration studies show that it forms a 1:1 complex with pyrimidine dimers with binding constants of approximately 10(3) M(-1) in acetonitrile or methanol, while binding constants in water at pH 7.2 are slightly lower. Excitation of the complex with visible light leads to clean and rapid cycloreversion of the pyrimidine dimer through photoinduced electron transfer catalysis. The reaction in water is significantly faster than in organic solvents. The reaction slows down at higher conversions due to product inhibition.
A Robust and Computationally Efficient Subspace-Based Fundamental Frequency Estimator (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a method for high-resolution fundamental frequency <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(F_{0})$</tex></formula> estimation based on subspaces decomposed from a frequency-selective data model, by effectively splitting the signal into a number of subbands. The resulting estimator is termed frequency-selective harmonic MUSIC (F-HMUSIC). The subband-based approach is expected to ensure computational savings and robustness. Additionally, a method for automatic subband signal activity detection is proposed, which is based on information-theoretic criterion where no subjective judgment is needed. The F-HMUSIC algorithm exhibits good statistical performance when evaluated with synthetic signals for both white and colored noises, while its evaluation on real-life audio signal shows the algorithm to be competitive with other estimators. Finally, F-HMUSIC is found to be computationally more efficient and robust than other subspace-based <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$F_{0}$</tex></formula> estimators, besides being robust against recorded data with inharmonicities. </para>
Éloge funèbre de M. Louis Carton, correspondant de l'Académie (1925)

Langlois Charles-Victor. Éloge funèbre de M. Louis Carton, correspondant de l'Académie. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 69ᵉ année, N. 1, 1925. pp. 5-8.
Recent Advancements in Far-Field Proppant Detection (2016)

Abstract The combination of multistage hydraulic fracture treatments with horizontal drilling technology has been the primary driver to the successful development of resource plays. More than 85% of wells drilled in North America today employ these methods. However, while these technologies have been wildly successful, only recently has the industry begun to address in earnest, the efficiency of current practices. These completion and development optimization efforts require an understanding of which portions of the reservoir have not been adequately contacted/stimulated and are thereby failing to contribute to production, and ultimate hydrocarbon recovery. Understanding where the proppant is located, both near- and far-field, is the starting point for these evaluations, and is the basis for this paper. Traditional fracture mapping technologies provide indirect estimates of fluid distribution within the fracture network. However, there is little direct correlation between fluid distribution and proppant location, and since most unpropped portions of fractures rapidly collapse, identification of the proppant location better represents the region which contributes to ultimate recovery. Near-wellbore detection of proppant can provide insight into whether all perf clusters (in the case of plug and perf) have received proppant as well as the impacts of proppant overflush. Conversely, accurate determination of far-field proppant placement will affect everything from well and stage spacing, to stage design and refrac candidate selection, and allow significant optimization of diversion techniques. While knowledge of both near- and far-field proppant location is necessary for the industry to overcome the single-digit recovery factors that are now projected in many unconventional plays, far-field proppant detection techniques have been largely absent to date. This paper briefly reviews the current "state of the industry" regarding near-wellbore proppant detection technology. It then presents a novel far-field proppant detection technique which utilizes electro-magnetic differencing and a specialty detectable proppant. This includes a description of the technology as well as the methodology of the technique. In addition, the paper reviews the design and results from a recent (first-ever) field deployment of this technology in a horizontal Permian Basin well. Visualization of the proppant in the far-field is also shown. This paper should be beneficial to all engineers and technologists currently interested in evaluating completion efficiencies as well as fracture stimulation effectiveness. Understanding proppant location in both the near- and far-field regions has significant impact on well spacing, stage and perf cluster spacing, and ultimate recovery from stimulated horizontal wells.
Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers with Chlorosilane Compounds and Metal Halides (1969)

クロルシラン化合物とハロゲン化金属を用いてジクロルエタン中で,スチレンが重合することを見いだした。例えば,トリメチルクロルシラン(Me3SiCl)と塩化第二水銀(HgCl2)を用いた場合初期重合速度は,モノマー濃度の一乗,トリメチルクロルシラン濃度の一乗,塩化第二水銀濃度の一乗に比例した。活性化エネルギーは,-2.9kcal/molであった。重合系にエーテルを添加すると,ポリマー収量が著しく減少しカチオン重合であると考えられる。また,ポリマー中に,ケイ素が含まれていることは赤外吸収ンペクトルから認められ重合開始はR3Siδ+Cl・Hgδ-Cl2錯体によると考えられた。なお,トリメチルクロルシランと塩化第二鉄によって形成される錯合体の存在することを,連続変化法で確認した。
Spray painting of a general three-dimensional surface (2002)

An economic automatic system for spray painting of a general three dimensional surface is described. The spray gun is mounted on the wrist of a six degree of freedom (6 DOF) industrial robot. The system functions by the method of camera space manipulation, using two CCD cameras to scan the surface dimensions off-line, and store them in a supervisory computer in the form of nodes. An inverse kinematic program is developed and stored in the computer to calculate the trajectories of the six joints corresponding to the nodes on the surface, to acquire the correct position and orientation of the spray nozzle. The values of the joint angles are fed to the controllers of the joint motors every time interval, depending on the number of nodes and the required spray painting rate. Sensors inform the computer of the presence of the surface as well as of the home position and end of trajectory. The computer also receives sensory data from the motor controllers as spray painting of the workpiece is accomplished. The position and velocity trajectories of two surfaces with different geometries (rectangular and hemispherical) are calculated using the proposed algorithm, and plotted for each of the six joints angles.
A Ruthenium-Mediated Asymmetric Hydrogenation Approach to the Synthesis of Discodermolide Subunits (2009)

The C1-C7 and C9-C14 subunits of (+)-discodermolide have been synthesized using ruthenium-SYNPHOS-mediated asymmetric hydrogenation reactions of β-keto esters to set the C3, C5 and C11 hydroxy-bearing stereocenters with very high levels of diastereoselectivity.
Bioprocess Development for Mass Production of Size-Controlled Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Aggregates in Stirred Suspension Bioreactor (2012)

Current protocols for the scalable suspension culture of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are limited by multiple biological and technical challenges that need to be addressed before their use in clinical trials. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a novel bioprocess platform for large-scale expansion of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell lines as three-dimensional size-controlled aggregates. This novel bioprocess utilizes the stepwise optimization of both static and dynamic suspension culture conditions. After screening eight xeno-free media in static suspension culture and optimizing single-cell passaging in dynamic conditions, the scale-up from a static to a dynamic suspension culture in the stirred bioreactor resulted in a two- to threefold improvement in expansion rates, as measured by cell counts and metabolic activity. We successfully produced size-specific aggregates through optimization of bioreactor hydrodynamic conditions by using combinations of different agitation rates and shear protectant concentrations. The expansion rates were further improved by controlling oxygen concentration at normoxic conditions, and reached a maximum eightfold increase for both types of hPSCs. Subsequently, we demonstrated a simple and rapid scale-up strategy that produced clinically relevant numbers of hPSCs (∼2×10(9) cells) over a 1-month period by the direct transfer of "suspension-adapted frozen cells" to a stirred suspension bioreactor. We omitted the required preadaptation passages in the static suspension culture. The cells underwent proliferation over multiple passages in the demonstrated xeno-free dynamic suspension culture while maintaining their self-renewal capabilities, as determined by marker expressions and in vitro spontaneous differentiation. In conclusion, suspension culture protocols of hPSCs could be used to mass produce homogenous and pluripotent undifferentiated cells by identification and optimization of key bioprocess parameters that are complemented by a simple and rapid scale-up platform.
Rinsing: A Critical Process in Contamination Removal (1997)

The rinsing process of silicon wafers is normally carried out in an "overflow" bath in which water flows past the wafers at average velocity of 1 cm/s. But the velocity is zero at the wafer surface. The efficiency of rinsing is limited by the rate at which contaminants diffuse away from the silicon surface and into the flow stream. This paper reports the improvement in rinsing efficiency gained by repeating a 1-min cycle of first allowing the contaminants to diffuse into the stagnant layer and then "dumping" the rinse tank to remove most of the contaminated stagnant layer. A further 10-fold improvement in rinsing efficiency per rinse cycle can be achieved by spinning the wafer and using centrifugal force to remove a greater fraction of the stagnant layer. This allows the complete removal of soluble contaminants with a 20-fold reduction in water usage compared to present immersion techniques.
[Intracellular electrolytes and serum lipids in relation to dietary fatty acid intake]. (1982)

In 12 moderately obese female probands without metabolic abnormalities, intracellular Mg++ activity, Na+ activity and Na+ concentration, and serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were measured under a diet with fatty acids varying in the degree of saturation. During the diet with mainly saturated fatty acids the intracellular Na+ activity and concentration fell from 7.34 +/- 2.02 to 6.37 +/- 1.43 (p less than 0.05) and from 5.28 +/- 0.57 to 4.98 +/- 0.80 mmol/l respectively (mean values +/- SD). Intracellular Mg++ activity fell from 1.36 +/- 0.23 to 1.20 +/- 0.17 mmol/l (p less than 0.05). During the subsequent diet consisting of mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids, intracellular Na+ activity and concentration rose to 7.95 +/- 2.81 and 5.17 +/- 0.91 mmol/l respectively (p less than 0.05). The intracellular Mg++ activity showed a further decrease to 1.04 +/- 0.14 mmol/l (p less than 0.01). During the diet consisting of mainly saturated fatty acids there was a significant correlation between the changes in HDL cholesterol and intracellular Na+ activity (r = -0,78; p less than 0.01). The initial values of intracellular Mg++ correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = 0.53; p less than 0.05). Thus, moderate obesity at any rate was not associated with intracellular electrolyte disturbances. The composition of dietary fatty acids affects intracellular electrolyte composition. This may be caused on the one hand by modified membrane function due to the uptake of the various fatty acids into the membrane, and on the other hand by changes in the synthesis of prostaglandins depending on the intake of precursors.
Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin and 5-Hydroxytryptophol (1992)

Successful treatment of alcoholism is generally dependent on an early diagnosis. Consequently, there is a clinical need for objective and reliable markers of alcohol consumption, since valid information of alcohol intake cannot be obtained from subjects misusing alcohol. This chapter describes two new biochemical markers of alcohol consumption: carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum and 5-hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL) in urine. It gives information about biochemical background and clinical characteristics and describes recent method developments to enable their use in clinical routine work. Because they show different clinical profiles, how they can be used in combination in a clinical setting monitoring alcohol consumption is also illustrated.
Calibration of a combined system with phase measuring deflectometry and fringe projection (2009)

There is a variety of well developed methods to measure diffusely reflecting free-form surfaces. For instance fringe projection based systems are commonly used for the contactless optical measurement of such surfaces. The calibration procedures used in these systems are well understood and state of the art [10,4]. However, contactless measurement of specular free-form surfaces requires new measurement techniques along with the corresponding calibration methods. In this paper a multi-sensor approach for measuring specular free-form surfaces using stereo based phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) combined with a fringe projection sensor unit will be presented. With the stereo enhancement over classical PMD techniques it is possible to measure the shape of the specular free-form surface and not only the slope of the surface. However, the major challenge is the necessary calibration. We present a new calibration method to obtain the orientation information of the deflectometry screen and the measurement cameras needed to calculate the shape of the object from the observed phase values. To solve this task we combined the calibration/measurement principles of fringe projection and phase measuring deflectometry into a single measurement cycle. The developed calibration algorithm will be described in detail along with an analysis of the calibration accuracy using simulated data.