gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biologically Active Platinum Complexes Containing 8-Thiotheophylline and 8-(Methylthio)theophylline (2004)

Complexes [Pt(mu-N,S-8-TT)(PPh(3))(2)](2) (1), [Pt(mu-S,N-8-TT)(PTA)(2)](2) (2), [Pt(8-TTH)(terpy)]BF(4) (3), cis-[PtCl(8-MTT)(PPh(3))(2)] (4), cis-[Pt(8-MTT)(2)(PPh(3))(2)] (5), cis-[Pt(8-MTT)(8-TTH)(PPh(3))(2)] (6), cis-[PtCl(8-MTT)(PTA)(2)] (7), cis-[Pt(8-MTT)(2)(PTA)(2)] (8), and trans-[Pt(8-MTT)(2)(py)(2)] (9) (8-TTH(2) = 8-thiotheophylline; 8-MTTH = 8-(methylthio)theophylline; PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) are presented and studied by IR and multinuclear ((1)H, (31)P[(1)H]) NMR spectroscopy. The solid-state structure of 4 and 9 has been authenticated by X-ray crystallography. Growth inhibition of the cancer cells T2 and SKOV3 induced by the above new thiopurine platinum complexes has been investigated. The activity shown by complexes 4 and 9 was comparable with cisplatin on T2. Remarkably, 4 and 9 displayed also a valuable activity on cisplatin-resistant SKOV3 cancer cells.
Interleukin 21: a cytokine/cytokine receptor system that has come of age (2008)

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) and its receptor represent the sixth cytokine system whose actions were recognized to require the common cytokine receptor gamma chain. IL-21 is produced by activated CD4+ T cells, natural killer T cells, and follicular T helper cells and has actions on a range of lymphohematopoietic lineages. Among its many effects, IL-21 serves a critical role for immunoglobulin production and terminal B cell differentiation, acts as a T cell comitogen and can drive the expansion of CD8+ T cells, can negatively regulate dendritic cell function and plays an essential role in the differentiation of Th17 cells. Importantly, IL-21 is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and exhibits potent actions as an antitumor agent. The ability to regulate and manipulate the actions of IL-21, therefore, has important implications for immunoregulation and the therapy of human disease.
Dielectric Theory of E‐M Waves in Turbulent Med (1968)

Mathematical solutions of the wave equation in turbulent dielectrics are based upon the use of a “locally defined” permittivity ∊ ( r ). However, in a random medium this definition is ambiguous except in the limit ℓ ≫ λ where ℓ is the scale of the turbulence. The difficulty is resolved by using a method in which the effective permittivity is determined in a manner related to the derivation of the Lorentz‐Lorenz formula for uniform gases. It is found that an additional term exists for the effective permittivity which has not been included in previous results. For λ ≫ ℓ the presence of this term effectively modifies the formulas that describe the propagation of coherent waves in turbulent dielectrics.
Influence of the laser beam direction on the molecular ion ejection angle in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (1995)

Abstract Angular intensity distribution of molecular ions ejected in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) have been measured for two symmetrical positions of the laser beam with respect to the sample surface normal (+60° and −60°). It is shown that the molecular ions are ejected in the direction opposite to the incident laser beam with an average angle of ∼30° which does not depend on the molecular weight in the mass range m/z = 1000 to 25 000. Experiments were performed with the matrix α‐cyano4‐hydroxy‐cinnamic acid.
Human Plasma Sphingomyelins. (1964)

The sphingomyelin region of human plasma lipids, entirely free from lecithin, has been fractionated into two components by thin-layer chromatography. Both components had properties characteristic of sphingomyelins, but markedly different fatty acid patterns, acids above C20 being concentrated in the less-polar material. On hydrolysis each component appeared to yield several different long-chain bases, but no striking difference was observed in the distribution of these bases between the two components.
Activation of an Unfolded Protein Response during Differentiation of Antibody-secreting B Cells (2002)

The unfolded protein response pathway (UPR) is believed to detect and compensate for excessive protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The UPR can be induced by pharmacological agents that perturb ER functions, but may also occur during cellular developmental processes such as the transition of B-lymphocytes into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Here we show that major UPR components are activated in B cells stimulated to secrete antibody. Increased expression of UPR targets including the ER chaperones BiP and GRP94 and the transcription factor XBP-1 initiates early in the differentiation program prior to up-regulated synthesis of Ig chains. Furthermore, these same kinetics are observed during differentiation for cleavage of the ER-localized ATF6alpha protein and splicing of XBP-1 mRNA to generate p50ATF6alpha and p54XBP-1, the two known UPR transcriptional activators. All of these UPR events reach maximal levels once Ig synthesis and secretion are markedly induced. Interestingly, these events are not accompanied by expression of CHOP, a transcription factor induced by ER stress agents commonly used to investigate the UPR. These results suggest that a physiological UPR elicited during differentiation of B-lymphocytes into high-rate secretory cells may be distinct from the UPR defined by agents that disrupt protein maturation in the ER.
Variability in Radiologists' Interpretations of Mammograms (1994)

Although mammography is of value in screening women for breast cancer, radiologists can differ, sometimes substantially, in their interpretations of mammograms and in their recommendations for management. Efforts to improve accuracy and reduce variability in interpretation may increase the effectiveness of mammography in detecting early breast cancers.
Thermocouples for High-Temperature In-Pile Testing (2006)

Traditional methods for measuring in-pile temperatures degrade above 1100°C. Hence, the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) initiated a project to explore the use of specialized thermocouples for high temperature in-pile applications. Efforts to develop, fabricate, and evaluate specialized high-temperature thermocouples for in-pile applications suggest that several material combinations are viable. Tests show that several low-neutron cross-section candidate materials resist material interactions and remain ductile at high temperatures. In addition, results indicate that the candidate thermoelements have a thermoelectric response that is single-valued and repeatable with acceptable resolution. The selection of the thermocouple materials depends on desired peak temperature and accuracy requirements. For applications at or above 1600°C, tests indicate that thermocouples having doped molybdenum and Nb-1%Zr thermoelement wires, HfO2 insulation, and a Nb-1%Zr sheath could be used.INL has worked to optimize this thermocouple’s stability. With appropriate heat treatment and fabrication approaches, results indicate that thermal cycling effects on this thermocouple’s calibration is minimized. INL initiated a series of high-temperature (1200 to 1800°C) long-duration (up to 6 months) tests to assess the long-term stability of these thermocouples. Initial results indicate that the INL-developed thermocouple’s thermoelectric response is very stable. Typically, <20°C drift was observed in a 4000-h test at 1200°C. In comparison, commercially available types K and N thermocouples included in these 1200°C tests experienced drifts up to 110°C.
Suppression of azoxymethane‐induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats by mandarin juices rich in β‐cryptoxanthin and hesperidin (2000)

We have reported protective effects of dietary administration of a powder “CHRP” containing high amounts of β-cryptoxanthin and hesperidin prepared from a Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) juice on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rat aberrant crypt foci through suppression of crypt cell proliferation and/or induction of detoxifying enzymes. In the present study, we investigated the modifying effects of a commercial Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) juice (MJ) and those of MJ2 and MJ5, which were prepared from MJ and are richer in β-cryptoxanthin and hesperidin than MJ, on the occurrence of colonic tumors induced by AOM in male F344 rats. Rats were given 2 weekly s.c. injections of AOM (20 mg/kg body weight) to induce colonic neoplasms. They also received MJ, MJ2, or MJ5 as a drinking water at night for 36 weeks, starting 1 week after the last dosing of AOM. AOM exposure produced colonic adenocarcinoma with an incidence of 69% and a multiplicity of 0.76 ± 0.57/rat at week 38. MJ, MJ2, and MJ5 administration significantly reduced the frequency of colonic carcinoma [MJ: 35% (49% reduction), p < 0.02; MJ2: 20% (64% reduction), p = 0.0028; and MJ5: 15% (78% reduction), p < 0.00021] and multiplicity [MJ: 0.40 ± 0.58 (47% reduction), p < 0.05; MJ2: 0.25 ± 0.43 (67% reduction), p < 0.005; and MJ5: 0.15 ± 0.36 (80% reduction), p < 0.001]. Also, the numbers of cancer cells positive for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 in colonic tumors were lowered by these treatments. In addition, treatment with MJ, MJ2, or MJ5 significantly increased apoptotic index in colonic adenocarcinoma. These findings might suggest effective chemopreventive ability of MJs, especially MJ5, in colon tumorigenesis. Int. J. Cancer 88:146–150, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of derivatives of 4-acetamido-4-deoxy-<scp>D</scp>- and <scp>L</scp>-arabinose (1968)

4-Acetamido-4-deoxy-D- and L-arabinose have been synthesized from methyl 4-azido-4-deoxy-D- and L-arabinopyranoside, respectively. In contrast to other 4-acetamido-4-deoxypentoses, the arabinose derivatives in aqueous solution at tautomeric equilibrium exist both in the pyranose and in the furanose forms. The presence of the furanose form (containing nitrogen as the hetero atom in the ring) has been demonstrated by paper chromatography and infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy. Acetolysis of methyl 4-amino-4-deoxy-α-D-arabinopyranoside hydrochloride and of the N-acetyl derivative gave 4-acetamido-4-deoxy-D-arabinofuranose tetraacetates whose anomeric configurations were assigned by n.m.r. spectroscopy. Treatment of the 4-acetamido-4-deoxy-D-arabinofuranose tetraacetates with a cation exchange resin in methanol solution and subsequent de-O-acetylation, gave the anomeric methyl 4-acetamido-4-deoxy-D-arabinofuranosides, whose n.m.r. spectra in D 2 O exhibited the phenomenon of hindered internal rotation.
Decarboxylative Peptide Macrocyclization through Photoredox Catalysis (2016)

Abstract A method for the decarboxylative macrocyclization of peptides bearing N‐terminal Michael acceptors has been developed. This synthetic method enables the efficient synthesis of cyclic peptides containing γ‐amino acids and is tolerant of functionalities present in both natural and non‐proteinogenic amino acids. Linear precursors ranging from 3 to 15 amino acids cyclize effectively under this photoredox method. To demonstrate the preparative utility of this method in the context of bioactive molecules, we synthesized COR‐005, a somatostatin analogue that is currently in clinical trials.
Credential Management for Automatic Identification Solutions in Supply Chain Management (2008)

Current systems for automatic identification of goods presume a single administrative domain. However, in supply chain management systems temporary cooperations of multiple companies exist, and the usage of one identification device, such as a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, per company is infeasible for reasons of costs, space requirements, traceability, and higher collision rate. This paper analyzes the security requirements resulting from the usage of a single tag for multiple companies and proposes a novel system architecture and accompanying cryptographic protocols that address the security objectives entity authentication, controlled access, data confidentiality and integrity, as well as untraceability of RFID tags. The architecture is designed to provide high availability and graceful degradation in case of compromise of system parts. The results of an implementation and simulation study give insights on appropriate data structures for realizing key functionality, and demonstrate the feasibility with off-the-shelf hardware.
Up-Regulation of P2X <sub>3</sub> Receptor During Stretch of Bladder Urothelial Cells From Patients With Interstitial Cystitis (2004)

These data show that P2X3 subunits expressed by cultured IC BUCs are up-regulated during in vitro stretch. Augmented ATP signaling in the bladder may explain IC symptoms. Furthermore, this study further supports the hypothesis that urothelial cells can phenotypically mimic sensory neurons.
RGT, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the integrin β3 cytoplasmic C-terminal sequence, selectively inhibits outside-in signaling in human platelets by disrupting the interaction of integrin αIIbβ3 with Src kinase (2008)

Mutational analysis has established that the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin beta 3 subunit binds c-Src (termed as Src in this study) and is critical for bidirectional integrin signaling. Here we show in washed human platelets that a cell-permeable, myristoylated RGT peptide (myr-RGT) corresponding to the integrin beta 3 C-terminal sequence dose-dependently inhibited stable platelet adhesion and spreading on immobilized fibrinogen, and fibrin clot retraction as well. Myr-RGT also inhibited the aggregation-dependent platelet secretion and secretion-dependent second wave of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate, ristocetin, or thrombin. Thus, myr-RGT inhibited integrin outside-in signaling. In contrast, myr-RGT had no inhibitory effect on adenosine diphosphate-induced soluble fibrinogen binding to platelets that is dependent on integrin inside-out signaling. Furthermore, the RGT peptide induced dissociation of Src from integrin beta 3 and dose-dependently inhibited the purified recombinant beta 3 cytoplasmic domain binding to Src-SH3. In addition, phosphorylation of the beta 3 cytoplasmic tyrosines, Y(747) and Y(759), was inhibited by myr-RGT. These data indicate an important role for beta 3-Src interaction in outside-in signaling. Thus, in intact human platelets, disruption of the association of Src with beta 3 and selective blockade of integrin alpha IIb beta 3 outside-in signaling by myr-RGT suggest a potential new antithrombotic strategy.
Prediction of response to entecavir therapy in patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B based on on‐treatment HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA levels (2012)

Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) assays are emerging as effective tools of on-treatment predictors of response to antiviral agents, in addition to monitoring serum HBV DNA levels. However, the dynamic relationship between quantitative HBsAg, as well as HBeAg and HBV DNA, and the predictability of subsequent clinical outcomes during entecavir (ETV) therapy remain unclear. Eighty-two patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) received ETV therapy for ≥3 years. Virologic response (VR) after 3 years of ETV therapy was achieved in 73 (89.0%) patients. Among baseline and on-treatment factors, on-treatment HBV DNA levels performed better with respect to the prediction of response than HBsAg and HBeAg levels. Especially, the performance of absolute values of HBV DNA with respect to response was superior to HBV DNA decline from the baseline. The best predictive value was an absolute HBV DNA level of 2.3 log(10) IU/mL at month 6 (areas under the curve [AUROC], 0.977; 95% CI, 0.940-1.000; P < 0.001). HBeAg seroconversion after 3 years of therapy was achieved in 26 (31.7%) patients. On-treatment HBeAg levels performed better with respect to the prediction of seroconversion than HBsAg and HBV DNA levels. The best cut-off value for the HBeAg level at month 12 for the prediction of seroconversion was 0.62 log(10) PEIU/mL. Although the HBsAg level at baseline is often used to predict the antiviral potency of entecavir, on-treatment HBV DNA and HBeAg levels are more helpful for prediction of subsequent clinical outcomes in HBeAg-positive CHB patients with entecavir treatment.
<title>Linear quadtree coding scheme with hierarchical structure and rotational operator</title> (1995)

A new coding scheme for linear quadtree and a basic geometric operation are proposed in this paper. There are two objectives in this paper. The first objective is to find a coding scheme with which the requirement of large storage for storing raster data can be improved from the past research. The second objective is to verify the feasibility of the proposed coding scheme for spatial data operations. The proposed linear quadtree coding scheme is developed on the basis of the hierarchical structure of the quadtree. Techniques of breadth-first search, Morton sequence with two data structures of branch list and data list are used to derive the proposed coding scheme. The branch list maintains the outputs of the quadtree decomposition, and uses only one bit to record each node; all terminal nodes, representing different spatial data, in the quadtree are recorded in the data list. The application of the data list has an advantage that the number of bits required to represent various objects are extendible, so that the requirement of the construction of new quadtrees is no longer necessary. The feasibility of the proposed linear quadtree coding scheme is verified by two raster images of spatial data. Results of experimental tests reveal that the proposed scheme has the least storage requirement among various coding schemes. A basic operation, rotation, is also implemented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed coding scheme for geometric operations. Due to the characteristic of the proposed coding scheme, the problem of multicolor quadtrees is also solvable by the method proposed in this paper.
Reconstitution of the Mia40-Erv1 Oxidative Folding Pathway for the Small Tim Proteins (2009)

Mia40 and Erv1 execute a disulfide relay to import the small Tim proteins into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Here, we have reconstituted the oxidative folding pathway in vitro with Tim13 as a substrate and determined the midpoint potentials of Mia40 and Tim13. Specifically, Mia40 served as a direct oxidant of Tim13, and Erv1 was required to reoxidize Mia40. During oxidation, four electrons were transferred from Tim13 with the insertion of two disulfide bonds in succession. The extent of Tim13 oxidation was directly dependent on Mia40 concentration and independent of Erv1 concentration. Characterization of the midpoint potentials showed that electrons flowed from Tim13 with a more negative midpoint potential of -310 mV via Mia40 with an intermediate midpoint potential of -290 mV to the C130-C133 pair of Erv1 with a positive midpoint potential of -150 mV. Intermediary complexes between Tim13-Mia40 and Mia40-Erv1 were trapped. Last, mutating C133 of the catalytic C130-C133 pair or C30 of the shuttle C30-C33 pair in Erv1 abolished oxidation of Tim13, whereas mutating the cysteines in the redox-active CPC motif, but not the structural disulfide linkages of the CX(9)C motif of Mia40, prevented Tim13 oxidation. Thus, we demonstrate that Mia40, Erv1, and oxygen are the minimal machinery for Tim13 oxidation.
Studies of the mechanism of action of asulam in plants. Part I: Antagonistic interaction of asulam and 4‐aminobenzoic acid (1981)

Abstract Studies have been carried out on the herbicidal action of asulam [methyl (4‐aminophenylsulphonyl)carbamate] and sulphanilamide, alone or in association either with 4‐aminobenzoic acid (4ABA) or 4, 6‐diamino‐1‐(3, 4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1, 2‐dihydro‐2, 2‐dimethyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (DCDT). The soaking of wheat seeds ( Triticum estivum L.) for 12 h at 30°C in asulam and DCDT in a 10:1 ratio doubled the inhibition of root growth produced by soaking in asulam alone; the addition of 4ABA partially reversed the activity of asulam. Foliar applications of a mixture of asulam + DCDT (1.1 + 0.55 kg ha −1 ) markedly increased the activity of asulam in susceptible wheat, wild oat ( Avena fatua L.), tolerant flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.), and in Stellaria media L. The activity of asulam at 1.1 kg ha −1 was reversed by 4ABA at 2.2 kg ha −1 by about 50% in wheat and wild oat, 82% in flax and 100% in S. media. The results indicate that asulam and sulphanilamide act by similar mechanisms in apparently inhibiting the biosynthesis of folic acid.
Solid/Liquid Interface of Ag/Sn/Ag Trilayers by <i>In Situ</i> Resistivity Measurement (1998)

The in situ four-point probe resistivity measurement was used as a main method to study the solid/liquid interfacial characteristics in Ag/Sn/Ag trilayers at temperatures ranging from 150 to 305°C. It is found from the variation of resisitivity that three processes take place on annealing: the dissolution of silver atoms, the diffusion of silver atoms, and the formation of Ag3Sn in liquid tin layer. The first one plays the leading role in the variation of resistivity during annealing process. The apparent diffusivity of silver in liquid tin at 305°C is determined to be 7.3 × 10-17 cm2/s.
Control of light propagation through sharp bend waveguide based on two-dimensional photonic crystal (2005)

Light propagation through the sharp 45° bend coupled cavity waveguide is analyzed theoretically and numerically. We design the waveguide device based on two-dimensional photonic crystal with square lattice. The degenerate defect state is used as a guided mode of the device. In order to control the light propagation through the corner a splitting of the degenerate defect state is used.
Bendamustine is effective therapy in patients with rituximab‐refractory, indolent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (2009)

Single-agent bendamustine produced a high rate of objective responses with acceptable toxicity in patients with recurrent, rituximab-refractory indolent B-cell lymphoma.
Structure of Silicene Grown on Ag(111) (2012)

The structure of silicene, the two-dimensional honeycomb sheet of Si, grown on Ag(111) was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Two atomic arrangements of honeycomb configuration were found by STM, which are confirmed by LEED and DFT calculations; one is 4×4 and the other is √13×√13 R13.9°. In the 4×4 structure, the honeycomb lattice remains with six atoms displaced vertically, whereas the √13×√13 R13.9° takes the regularly buckled honeycomb geometry.
A quarter-wave U-shaped patch antenna with two unequal arms for wideband and dual-frequency operation (2002)

A wideband and dual-frequency quarter-wave U-shaped patch antenna with two unequal arms on FR4 substrate is presented. The U-shaped patch antenna is fed electromagnetically by another coaxially-fed patch on the same layer, which operates at a higher frequency band. In this paper, we first proposed a new technique to obtain two closely staggered resonant modes to achieve a wide impedance bandwidth using two unequal arms of the U-shaped patch for the lower band. For the substrate thickness = 5, 7.5 and 11 mm, the measured bandwidths of the antennas operating around at 900 MHz are 7%, 10%, and 18%, respectively. Then, we modify the coaxially-fed patch so that both bands are wide in bandwidth. The resulting antenna operating at 900 and 1800-MHz bands with the substrate thickness 11 mm has a measured impedance bandwidth of 13.3% and 20 respectively. This thickness corresponds to 0.033 free-space wavelength at 900 MHz. The far-field radiation patterns are stable in the two operating bands. The proposed antenna is simple in structure compared with the regular stacked or coplanar parasitic patch antennas. It is highly suitable for indoor mobile communications.
Speech Delay in Children: A Functional MR Imaging Study (2003)

Children older than 3 years with speech delay have activation in the right hemisphere more frequently than children older than 3 years with normal speech, who often have the expected finding of activation in the left hemisphere.