gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human mesenchymal stem cells make cardiac connexins and form functional gap junctions (2004)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a multipotent cell population with the potential to be a cellular repair or delivery system provided that they communicate with target cells such as cardiac myocytes via gap junctions. Immunostaining revealed typical punctate staining for Cx43 and Cx40 along regions of intimate cell-to-cell contact between hMSCs. The staining patterns for Cx45 rather were typified by granular cytoplasmic staining. hMSCs exhibited cell-to-cell coupling to each other, to HeLa cells transfected with Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 and to acutely isolated canine ventricular myocytes. The junctional currents (I(j)) recorded between hMSC pairs exhibited quasi-symmetrical and asymmetrical voltage (V(j)) dependence. I(j) records from hMSC-HeLaCx43 and hMSC-HeLaCx40 cell pairs also showed symmetrical and asymmetrical V(j) dependence, while hMSC-HeLaCx45 pairs always produced asymmetrical I(j) with pronounced V(j) gating when the Cx45 side was negative. Symmetrical I(j) suggests that the dominant functional channel is homotypic, while the asymmetrical I(j) suggests the activity of another channel type (heterotypic, heteromeric or both). The hMSCs exhibited a spectrum of single channels with transition conductances (gamma(j)) of 30-80 pS. The macroscopic I(j) obtained from hMSC-cardiac myocyte cell pairs exhibited asymmetrical V(j) dependence, while single channel events revealed gamma(j) of the size range 40-100 pS. hMSC coupling via gap junctions to other cell types provides the basis for considering them as a therapeutic repair or cellular delivery system to syncytia such as the myocardium.
Relational Database Systemsr (1979)

This paper first surveys all the relational database systems which have been reported, highlighting their most noteworthy features and concepts It then surveys and classifies proposals for implementing each of the reqmsite functional components of a hypothetmal, comprehensive relational database system. It concludes with some general observations about user responses to relational systemss.
Highly Rapid Amplification-Free and Quantitative DNA Imaging Assay (2013)

There is an urgent need for rapid and highly sensitive detection of pathogen-derived DNA in a point-of-care (POC) device for diagnostics in hospitals and clinics. This device needs to work in a 'sample-in-result-out' mode with minimum number of steps so that it can be completely integrated into a cheap and simple instrument. We have developed a method that directly detects unamplified DNA, and demonstrate its sensitivity on realistically sized 5 kbp target DNA fragments of Micrococcus luteus in small sample volumes of 20 μL. The assay consists of capturing and accumulating of target DNA on magnetic beads with specific capture oligonucleotides, hybridization of complementary fluorescently labeled detection oligonucleotides, and fluorescence imaging on a miniaturized wide-field fluorescence microscope. Our simple method delivers results in less than 20 minutes with a limit of detection (LOD) of ~5 pM and a linear detection range spanning three orders of magnitude.
Measuring perceived interactivity of mobile advertisements (2009)

Interactivity is considered a prominent characteristic of mobile advertising; however, a properly developed tool to measure the concept has not been developed. This study focusses on the development and validation of an instrument for measuring the interactivity perceived by individuals who interact with mobile advertisements on handheld devices. The confirmatory factor analysis results show that perceived interactivity in mobile advertising is comprised of six correlated but distinct constructs: user control, synchronicity, two-way communication, connectedness, playfulness and interpersonal communication. The result from a series of tests and examinations indicated that the multidimensional scale exhibits content validity and discriminant validity. The internal consistency of the scale reaches an acceptable level. The relationship with personal variables was also analysed. Gender, education, monthly income, years using cell phones, monthly cell phone charges, monthly cost for data services on cell phones and previous experiences with mobile advertisements have no influences on respondent interactivity perception with mobile advertisements. But user age is negatively correlated with perceived interactivity and years using the Internet are positively correlated with perceived interactivity. Young people with more Internet experience are more likely to perceive interactivity of mobile advertisements.
Group communication over LTE: a radio access perspective (2016)

Long Term Evolution, which has its roots in commercial mobile communications, has recently become an influential solution to future public safety communications. To verify the feasibility of LTE for public safety, it is essential to investigate whether an LTE system optimized for one-to-one communications is capable of providing group communication, which is one of the most important service concepts in public safety. In general, a number of first responders for public safety need to form a group for communicating with each other or sharing common data for collaboration on their mission. In this article, we analyze how the current LTE system can support group communication from the aspect of radio access. Based on the requirements for group communication, we validate whether each LTE-enabled radio access method can efficiently support group communication. In addition, we propose a new multicast transmission scheme, called index-coded HARQ. By applying the index coding concept to HARQ operations, we show that the LTE system can provide group communication that is more sophisticated in terms of radio resource efficiency and scalability. We finally evaluate the performance of LTE-enabled group communication using several radio access methods and show how the proposed transmission scheme enhances performance via system-level simulations.
Discrimination of Natural Fractures From Drilling-Induced Wellbore Failures in Wellbore Image Data—Implications for Reservoir Permeability (2002)

Summary Natural fractures and drilling-induced wellbore failures provide critical constraints on the state of in-situ stress and the direct applicability to problems of reservoir production, hydrocarbon migration, and wellbore stability. Acoustic, electrical, and optical wellbore images provide the means to detect and characterize natural fracture systems and to distinguish them from induced wellbore failures. We present new techniques and criteria to measure and characterize attributes of natural and induced fractures in borehole image data. These techniques are applied to the characterization of fracture permeability in two case studies.
Electrooptical Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Liquid Crystal Composite Films with Added Photocured Polymers (1994)

Electrooptical properties were studied on a new type of polymer/liquid crystal (LC) composite film composed of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), LC, and a photocured polymer. The composite films were prepared by casting the PVA/LC emulsion with a mixture of benzylmethacrylate (BzMA) with perfluorooctylethylacrylate (FA-108) followed by photocuring, resulting in a low driving voltage of 19 V r m s , a rapid turn-on time of 0.2 ms, and a rapid turn-off time of 11 ms. The results cannot be entirely explained by the change in droplet shape and size. It was suggested that photocurable monomers polymerized at the interface which caused change in the boundary condition between PVA and the LC.
Enhanced MRA Images Quality Using Structure Adaptive Noise Filter And Edge Sharpening Methods (2007)

MR imaging is an emerging and fast growing medical imaging technique which gives high quality images of the soft tissues. There are certain kinds of noise which contaminates these images and thus makes their interpretation difficult for both human and machine. Filtering is a mathematical technique in which intensities of each pixel of the input image are combined with the intensities of its neighboring pixels, to remove the noise and smooth the image. Filtering could be used with MR images for noise removal. The ordinary image filters blur the image and also remove important structural information like lines and edges. This loss of structural information could be dangerous in a clinical environment and could leads to incorrect diagnosis. To address this problem, a structure preserving noise filter is required. When images are processed for human vision, it is also desirable to make them pleasing by sharpening their edges. Such a structure adaptive noise (SAN) filter and an edge sharpening method is designed and implemented on our MRI Visualization toolkit. Our results show that the methods are effective in removing noise, preserving structure, and sharpening edges.
Development of a distributive lighting control system using Local Operating Network (1994)

The Local Operating Network is a technology that allows intelligent devices (or nodes) such as actuators and sensors, to communicate with one another through an assortment of communication media using a standard protocol. Both distributed and peer-to-peer communications are supported between the nodes in the network and a central control system or a file server is not required. In addition, the relatively high data rate and the availability of routers permit large amount of nodes to be tapped onto a network domain while at the same time maintain high communication efficiency. Consequently, it is suitable for developing low-cost consumers and professional communication products that can be widely applied in automating buildings, factories, vehicles, home and domestic appliances. In this paper we have reported on the development of a distributive control lighting system using the LON technology. The nodes in the system (i.e. lamps, switches and the central control units) are tapped onto the network bus and are linked by logical bindings instead of complicated hardwire connections. The system we have designed is economical to build, easy to service, modify, and provides reliable communication between the lamps and the switches. These attractive features demonstrate the feasibility of using LON in building distributive control networks, as well as the potential of our lighting system in practical applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression of sialyltransferase is not required for interaction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with human epithelial cells and human neutrophils (1996)

Sialyltransferase (Stase) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae organisms (gonococci [GC]) transfers sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid [NANA]) from cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) mainly to the terminal galactose (Gal) residue in the Gal beta-1,4 N-acetylglucosamine (Gal-GlcNAc)-R lipooligosaccharide (LOS) structure. Sialylated GC resist killing by normal human serum, sometimes show reduced invasion of epithelial cells, and have reduced adhesion to and stimulation of human neutrophils. We questioned whether Stase itself modulates the interactions of GC with human epithelial cells and neutrophils in the absence of exogenous CMP-NANA. To that end, we treated strain F62 with ethyl methanesulfonate and grew approximately 175,000 colonies on CMP-NANA plates, and screened them with monoclonal antibody 1B2-1B7 (MAb 1B2). MAb 1B2 is specific for Gal-GlcNAc and reacts only with asialylated GC. We isolated 13 MAb 1B2-reactive mutants, including five null mutants, that had Stase activities ranging from barely detectable to fivefold less than that of wild-type (WT) F62. The LOS phenotype of Stase null mutants was identical to that of WT F62, yet the mutants could not sialylate their LOS when grown with CMP-NANA. The Stase null phenotype was rescuable to Stase+ by transformation with chromosomal DNA from WT F62. Stase null mutants remained serum sensitive even when grown with CMP-NANA. One Stase null mutant, ST94A, adhered to and invaded the human cervical epithelial cell line ME-180 at levels indistinguishable from that of WT F62 in the absence of CMP-NANA. In human neutrophil studies, ST94A stimulated the oxidative burst in and adhered to human neutrophils at levels similar to those of WT F62. ST94A and WT F62 were also phagocytically killed by neutrophils at similar levels. These results indicate that expression of Stase activity is not required for interaction of GC with human cells.
Lithium Titanate Anode Thin Films for Li‐Ion Solid State Battery Based on Garnets (2018)

Abstract Solid state electrolytes, such as Li‐Garnets, are fastest Li‐ionic conductor materials that have attracted attention for safe hybrid and full solid state battery architectures. Turning to oxide‐based low voltage anodes gives opportunities to avoid Li‐dendrite formation and also to reach full thin film microbattery architectures based on garnets as high energy density replacement for supercapacitors. Herein, it is demonstrated that Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition can show stable structures and cycling kinetics reaching almost close to theoretical capacity of 175 mAh g −1 when combined to Li 6.25 Al 0.25 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 pellets. Stable operation at room temperature with 90% of theoretical capacity retention at 2.5 mA g −1 over 22 cycles is achieved on bilayer half cell batteries. Rate capability studies show promising charge and discharge capacities and act as a case study for the well‐known Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 thin film anode, demonstrating its good compatibility with the investigated solid garnet electrolyte. This gives new perspective on the use of oxide‐based low voltage anodes for future strategies avoiding Li‐dendrite formation or safe solid state microbattery thin film assemblies based on Li‐garnets.
Effect of Pixel Size and Scintillator on Image Quality of a CCD-Based Digital X-ray Imaging System. (2001)

The term“Digital X-ray Imaging" refers to a variety of technologies that electronically capture x-ray images. Once captured the images may be electronically processed, stored, displayed and communicated. Digital imaging has the potential to overcome weaknesses inherent in traditional screen-film imaging, with high detection efficiency, high dynamic range and the capability for contrast enhancement. Image processing also makes possible innovative techniques such as computer-aided diagnosis, tomosynthesis, dual-energy imaging, and digital subtraction imaging. Several different approaches to digital imaging are being studied, and in some cases, have been developed and are being marketed. Common to all these approaches are a number of technological and medical issues to be resolved. One of the technological issues is the optimal pixel size for any particular image sensor technology. In general, the spatial resolution of the digital image is limited by the pixel size. Unfortunately while reducing pixel size improves spatial resolution this comes at the expense of signal to noise ratio (SNR). In a scintillator-charge-coupled device (CCD) system, the signal can be increased by improving the efficiency of the scintillator or by reducing noise. This study used a very low noise CCD to determine if image quality, as indicated by the modulation transfer function (MTF), the noise power spectrum (NPS) and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE), could be maintained while reducing pixel size. Two scintillators, one a commonly used radiographic screen the other a thallium doped cesium iodide scintillator, were used and the results compared. The results of this study show that image quality can be maintained as pixel size is reduced and that high DQE can be attained and maintained over a wide range of spatial frequencies with a well designed scintillator.
JNK-Induced MCP-1 Production in Spinal Cord Astrocytes Contributes to Central Sensitization and Neuropathic Pain (2009)

Our previous study showed that activation of c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) in spinal astrocytes plays an important role in neuropathic pain sensitization. We further investigated how JNK regulates neuropathic pain. In cultured astrocytes, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) transiently activated JNK via TNF receptor-1. Cytokine array indicated that the chemokine CCL2/MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) was strongly induced by the TNF-alpha/JNK pathway. MCP-1 upregulation by TNF-alpha was dose dependently inhibited by the JNK inhibitors SP600125 (anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one) and D-JNKI-1. Spinal injection of TNF-alpha produced JNK-dependent pain hypersensitivity and MCP-1 upregulation in the spinal cord. Furthermore, spinal nerve ligation (SNL) induced persistent neuropathic pain and MCP-1 upregulation in the spinal cord, and both were suppressed by D-JNKI-1. Remarkably, MCP-1 was primarily induced in spinal cord astrocytes after SNL. Spinal administration of MCP-1 neutralizing antibody attenuated neuropathic pain. Conversely, spinal application of MCP-1 induced heat hyperalgesia and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in superficial spinal cord dorsal horn neurons, indicative of central sensitization (hyperactivity of dorsal horn neurons). Patch-clamp recordings in lamina II neurons of isolated spinal cord slices showed that MCP-1 not only enhanced spontaneous EPSCs but also potentiated NMDA- and AMPA-induced currents. Finally, the MCP-1 receptor CCR2 was expressed in neurons and some non-neuronal cells in the spinal cord. Together, we have revealed a previously unknown mechanism of MCP-1 induction and action. MCP-1 induction in astrocytes after JNK activation contributes to central sensitization and neuropathic pain facilitation by enhancing excitatory synaptic transmission. Inhibition of the JNK/MCP-1 pathway may provide a new therapy for neuropathic pain management.
A High Energy Density Vanadium Redox Flow Battery with 3 M Vanadium Electrolyte (2015)

In this paper, a high energy density vanadium redox battery employing a 3 M vanadium electrolyte is reported. To stabilise the highly supersaturated vanadium solutions, several additives were evaluated as possible stabilizing agents for the thermal precipitation of supersaturated V(V) solutions at elevated temperatures. The Blank 3 M V(V) solution in a sulfuric acid supporting electrolyte containing 5 M total sulfates, showed thermal precipitation after 3 days, while the solution containing 1 wt% H3PO4 additive increased the induction time for precipitation to over 47 days at 30°C. After 32 days, 3 M V(V) solutions containing 1 wt% sodium pentapoIyphosphate, 1 wt% K3PO4 and 2 wt% (NH4)2SO4 + 1 wt% H3PO4 showed final V(V) concentrations of 2.7, 2.7 and 2.6 M respectively, compared to 2.4 M V(V) in the Blank solution. From the screening tests, selected additives were used in vanadium redox flow cell cycling studies employing a 3 M vanadium electrolyte. The cell was subjected to 90 charge-discharge cycles and no precipitation or capacity loss was observed in the presence of 1wt% H3PO4 + 2 wt% ammonium sulfate. These results demonstrate that a significant enhancement in the energy density of the VRB can be achieved in the presence of additives that act as precipitation inhibitors for the vanadium ions.
Rotation and structure of FoF1-ATP synthase (2011)

F(o)F(1)-ATP synthase is one of the most ubiquitous enzymes; it is found widely in the biological world, including the plasma membrane of bacteria, inner membrane of mitochondria and thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. However, this enzyme has a unique mechanism of action: it is composed of two mechanical rotary motors, each driven by ATP hydrolysis or proton flux down the membrane potential of protons. The two molecular motors interconvert the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis and proton electrochemical potential via the mechanical rotation of the rotary shaft. This unique energy transmission mechanism is not found in other biological systems. Although there are other similar man-made systems like hydroelectric generators, F(o)F(1)-ATP synthase operates on the nanometre scale and works with extremely high efficiency. Therefore, this enzyme has attracted significant attention in a wide variety of fields from bioenergetics and biophysics to chemistry, physics and nanoscience. This review summarizes the latest findings about the two motors of F(o)F(1)-ATP synthase as well as a brief historical background.
Setdb1 Is Required for Myogenic Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblast Cells via Maintenance of MyoD Expression (2015)

Setdb1, an H3-K9 specific histone methyltransferase, is associated with transcriptional silencing of euchromatic genes through chromatin modification. Functions of Setdb1 during development have been extensively studied in embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells as well as neurogenic progenitor cells. But the role of Sedtdb1 in myogenic differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we report that Setdb1 is required for myogenic potential of C2C12 myoblast cells through maintaining the expressions of MyoD and muscle-specific genes. We find that reduced Setdb1 expression in C2C12 myoblast cells severely delayed differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells, whereas exogenous Setdb1 expression had little effect on. Gene expression profiling analysis using oligonucleotide micro-array and RNA-Seq technologies demonstrated that depletion of Setdb1 results in downregulation of MyoD as well as the components of muscle fiber in proliferating C2C12 cells. In addition, exogenous expression of MyoD reversed transcriptional repression of MyoD promoter-driven lucif-erase reporter by Setdb1 shRNA and rescued myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells depleted of endogenous Setdb1. Taken together, these results provide new insights into how levels of key myogenic regulators are maintained prior to induction of differentiation.
Novel Synthesis of Polyaniline Using Iron(III) Catalyst and Ozone (2000)

Abstract Polymerization of aniline using iron(III) and ozone as a catalyst and an oxidant, respectively, provided polyaniline with an emeraldine form based on IR and UV–vis spectroscopic data, although influence of the reaction temperature upon the molecular weight of the polyaniline was different from the case of ammonium peroxodisulfate. Preliminary results of experiments have revealed that polyaniline is produced catalytically in terms of iron(III). Morphology of polyaniline produced significantly influenced electrical conductivity of the polyaniline pellet.
Fast Modular Reduction (2007)

It is widely acknowledged that efficient modular multiplication is a key to high-performance implementation of public-key cryptography, be it classical RSA, Diffie-Hellman, or (hyper-) elliptic curve algorithms. In the recent decade, practitioners have relied mainly on two popular methods: Montgomery Multiplication and regular long-integer multiplication in combination with Barrett's modular reduction technique. In this paper, we propose a modification to Barrett's algorithm that leads to a significant reduction (25% to 75%) in multiplications and additions.
Study on Extracting Technology of Puerarin of Pueraria lobata (2004)

Objective:To develop a quantitative method of RP-HPLC for determination of the pueraria content and the optimization process was obtained by uniform design.Methods:RP-HPLC analysis was carried out by using ODS column and methanol water (30∶70) as the mobile; T=25℃; flow velocity was 1.0 ml/min; detection wavelength was at 250 nm.Results:The optimization process was A 1B 3C 3.Conclusion:The established models were proved to be convenient and reliable by the verified experiment.