gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathogenic and nonpathogenic hantaviruses differentially regulate endothelial cell responses (2002)

Hantaviruses cause two human diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Hantaviruses infect human endothelial cells but cause little or no damage to the infected endothelium. We analyzed with Affymetrix DNA Arrays (Santa Clara, CA) the endothelial cell transcriptional responses directed by hantaviruses associated with HPS [New York-1 virus (NY-1V)], HFRS [Hantaan virus (HTNV)], or by a hantavirus not associated with human disease [Prospect Hill virus (PHV)]. Hantavirus infections induced 117 cellular genes and repressed 25 genes by >3-fold, 4 days postinfection (p.i.). Although >80% of cells were infected by each virus 1 day p.i., PHV induced or repressed 67 genes at this early time compared with three genes altered by HTNV or NY-1V. The early high-level induction of 24 IFN-stimulated genes by PHV (4- to 229-fold) represents a fundamental difference in the temporal regulation of cellular responses by pathogenic and nonpathogenic hantaviruses. Because all hantaviruses induced >23 IFN-stimulated genes at late times p.i., pathogenic hantaviruses appear to suppress early cellular IFN responses that are activated by nonpathogenic hantaviruses. At late times p.i., 13 genes were commonly induced by HTNV and NY-1V that were not induced by PHV. In contrast to NY-1V, HTNV uniquely induced a variety of chemokines and cell adhesion molecules (i.e., IL-8, IL-6, GRO-beta, ICAM), as well as two complement cascade-associated factors that may contribute to immune components of HFRS disease. NY-1V failed to induce most cellular chemokines directed by HTNV (3/14) or genes primarily activated by NF-kappaB. However, NY-1V uniquely induced beta3 integrin-linked potassium channels, which could play a role in HPS-associated vascular permeability. These studies provide a basic understanding of hantavirus-directed cellular responses that are likely to differentiate pathogenic and nonpathogenic hantaviruses, contribute to HFRS and HPS pathogenesis, and provide insight into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions.
A four-quadrant HEV drive system (2003)

A research project for a drive system for hybrid electric vehicles is described. The main target is to develop a system, which enables the combustion engine (ICE) to operate at optimal conditions, thus decreasing fuel consumption and emissions. The electrical system consists primarily of an electrical machine with two rotors and one stator, two converters and a battery. The concept enables the vehicle to be operated at different speed and torque independent of the engine's operating point. The sizes of the electrical components are limited depending on the required variation in speed and torque. Simulations show a significant reduction of fuel consumption for vehicles in urban traffic. The concept, which is very compact, can be implemented with both radial and axial flux electrical machines. Several modes of operation are possible, such as hybrid mode, electrical mode, pure ICE driving, cranking and regenerative braking.
Characterization of CD45 and CD45R monoclonal antibodies using transfected mouse cell lines that express individual human leukocyte common antigens. (1988)

Five cell lines that express one of five isoforms of the human leukocyte common Ag (CD45) were established by transfecting a murine pre-B cell line with leukocyte common Ag cDNA constructs. Using these cell lines, the specificities of CD45 and CD45R mAb were examined. Of the 43 mAb tested, 25 antibodies recognized sequences common to all five isoforms, 16 antibodies recognized isoforms that include exon A encoded sequences, one antibody recognized isoforms that include exon B encoded sequences, and one antibody recognized only the isoform that does not include either exon A, B, or C encoded sequences.
Electrical and Optical Properties of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–ZnO Films Deposited on Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrates by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering (2003)

Using a In2O3 and ZnO powder mixture with a ratio of 95:5 in wt% as a target, highly transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films are prepared on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates by rf-magnetron sputtering. These films have amorphous structures with excellent electrical stability, surface uniformity and adhesion to the PET substrate and can be prepared at room temperature. In particular, In2O3–ZnO (IZO) films directly deposited on PET without a hard-coated layer have nearly similar electrical properties, higher transmittance and a more uniform surface in comparison with those deposited on a hard-coated layer of PET. When a TCO material is deposited on PET, IZO is more suitable than indium tin oxide (ITO) in several aspects such as the optical, electrical, and etching properties and its surface uniformity.
Fuzzy Decision Support Based on Exact Rule Matching for Liquid Lift Optimization (2015)

Abstract In this paper, we present a data driven methodology for designing a decision support system for controlling the choke setting in a Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) system based on fuzzy logic. The goal of the fuzzy decision system is to find a choke setting that enhances the amount of liquid offload in different situations and therefore, the production of oil. Historical data are used to establish descriptive rules that represent the production of each well in terms of four influential variables (recommended by experts) and the decision variable (choke setting) in the form of fuzzy IF-THEN rules. Those influential variables and the choke setting constitute the antecedents of the descriptive rules, while the production is in the consequent part of each rule. Each of the variables is described by three fuzzy sets (e.g., Low, Medium, High). These fuzzy sets are established using fuzzy clustering techniques. The goal of the decision system is to make the production High by changing the choke. Since abrupt changes in the choke setting are not desirable, this goal must be achieved by first making the production Medium and then High. In order to realize which conditions yield Low, Medium, or High production, the descriptive rules are grouped according to their consequents. Then, the rules in the group “Low production” are compared with those in the group “Medium production” to find the pairs of rules (each of those two rules is from one of the groups) for which all the antecedents are exactly the same excepting the antecedent that describes the choke setting. This suggests that only changing the choke will result in driving the output of the system (i.e. the production) towards Medium. This calls for establishing a decision rule whose antecedents are the same as those of the compared pair of rules, while whose consequent is a fuzzy set that describes the change in the choke setting, derived by the fuzzy subtraction of the two fuzzy sets describing the choke in each rule in the compared rule pair. Subtraction of fuzzy sets involves fuzzy arithmetic methods such as the α-cut decomposition method and the Extension Principle. The rule comparison procedure is repeated for rules in the groups “Medium production” and “High production” as well. The collection of the decision rules that are synthesized based on comparing descriptive rules comprises the fuzzy decision system for liquid lift optimization. The fuzzy decision system can be implemented using Programmable Logic Controllers that are common in the petroleum industry. In this paper, we present the decisions that the system would make in a real situation, and compare them to the decisions made during a pilot test.
Fast Vesicle Fusion in Living Cells Requires at Least Three SNARE Complexes (2010)

Exocytosis requires formation of SNARE [soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) receptor] complexes between vesicle and target membranes. Recent assessments in reduced model systems have produced divergent estimates of the number of SNARE complexes needed for fusion. Here, we used a titration approach to answer this question in intact, cultured chromaffin cells. Simultaneous expression of wild-type SNAP-25 and a mutant unable to support exocytosis progressively altered fusion kinetics and fusion-pore opening, indicating that both proteins assemble into heteromeric fusion complexes. Expressing different wild-type:mutant ratios revealed a third-power relation for fast (synchronous) fusion and a near-linear relation for overall release. Thus, fast fusion typically observed in synapses and neurosecretory cells requires at least three functional SNARE complexes, whereas slower release might occur with fewer complexes. Heterogeneity in SNARE-complex number may explain heterogeneity in vesicular release probability.
Synthesis of isothiazole derivatives with potential biological activity. (1992)

The synthesis of acyl and ureido derivatives of substituted amides of 3-methyl-5-aminoisothiazole-4-carboxylic acid is presented. The structures of the compounds obtained were established on the basis of IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The influence on the circulatory system of the derivatives was investigated. All structures of the compounds obtained were fully confirmed by IR and 1H NMR as well as by elemental analysis (Table).
Aberrant A <sub>2A</sub> receptor function in peripheral blood cells in Huntington's disease (2003)

A2A adenosine receptors specifically found on striatal medium spiny neurons play a major role in sensory motor function and may also be involved in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. One hypothesis concerning Huntington's disease (HD) proposes that an imbalance of the cortico-striatal pathway, due to the mutation in the HD gene, leads to striatal vulnerability. An A2A receptor dysfunction has been previously demonstrated in striatal cells engineered to express mutant huntingtin. Here we tested whether a similar dysfunction (i.e., the binding and functional parameters of A2A adenosine receptors) is present in peripheral blood cells (platelets, lymphocytes, and neutrophils) of subjects carrying the mutant gene. This study involved 48 heterozygous and three homozygous patients compared with 58 healthy subjects. Moreover, we selected seven at-risk mutation carriers. A2A receptor density and function are substantially increased in peripheral blood cells from both patients and subjects at the presymptomatic stage. In the neutrophils of the three homozygous HD subjects receptor dysfunction was higher than in heterozygotes. These data indicate the existence of an aberrant A2A receptor phenotype in the peripheral blood cells of subjects carrying the HD mutation. Future studies will assess whether this parameter can be exploited as a peripheral biomarker of Huntington's disease.
Palladium-Catalyzed Pathways to Aryl-Substituted Indenes:  Efficient Synthesis of Ligands and the Respective<i>a</i><i>nsa</i>-Zirconocenes (2006)

Substituted 4-/7-halo-1H-indenes and 5-methyl-3-bromo-4-/6H-cyclopenta[b]thiophenes were shown to be convenient starting materials for Suzuki−Miyaura, Negishi, and Murahashi protocols to give the corresponding aryl-subsituted indenes and cyclopenta[b]thiophenes of importance for further synthesis of ansa-metallocenes. Alternatively, (2-methyl-1H-inden-4-yl)boronic acid and (1-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)boronic acid as well as the respective organozinc and -magnesium reagents can be used for synthesizing aryl-subsituted indenes via the Pd-catalyzed reactions with aryl halides. These synthetic methods were shown to have a very broad scope to afford libraries of aryl-substituted indenes. Finally, synthesis and structure characterization of several representative chiral ansa-zirconocenes, potentially useful as components of highly active and stereoselective olefin polymerization catalysts, have been performed.
Simulations of Multiphase Particle Deposition on Endwall Film-Cooling Holes in Transverse Trenches (2012)

Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants allow for increased efficiency and reduced emissions as compared to pulverized coal plants. A concern with IGCCs is that impurities in the fuel from the gasification of coal can deposit on turbine components reducing the performance of sophisticated film-cooling geometries. Studies have shown that recessing a row of film-cooling holes in a transverse trench can improve cooling performance; however, the question remains as to whether or not these improvements exist in severe environments such as when particle deposition occurs. Dynamic simulations of deposition were completed using wax injection in a large-scale vane cascade with endwall film cooling. Endwall cooling effectiveness was quantified in two specific endwall locations using trenches with depths of 0.4D, 0.8D, and 1.2D, where D is the diameter of a film-cooling hole. The effects of trench depth, momentum flux ratio, and particle phase on adiabatic effectiveness were quantified using infrared thermography. Results showed that the 0.8D trench outperformed other geometries with and without deposition on the surface. Deposition of particles reduced the cooling effectiveness by as much as 15% at I = 0.23 with the trenched holes as compared to 30% for holes that were not placed in a transverse trench.
Phase 2 clinical and pharmacologic study of clofarabine in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia (2003)

In a phase 2 study, 62 patients with relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 31), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 8), chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic phase (CMLBP; n = 11), and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL; n = 12) received 40 mg/m2 clofarabine intravenously over 1 hour daily for 5 days, every 3 to 6 weeks. Twenty patients (32%) achieved complete response (CR), 1 had a partial response (PR), and 9 (15%) achieved CR but without platelet recovery (CRp), for an overall response rate of 48%. In AML, responses were noted in 2 (18%) of 11 patients in first salvage with short first CR (</= 12 months), in 7 (87%) of 8 patients with longer first CR, and in 8 (67%) of 12 patients in second or subsequent salvage. Responses were observed in 4 of 8 patients with high-risk MDS (50%), in 7 (64%) of 11 with CML-BP, and in 2 (17%) of 12 with ALL. Severe reversible liver dysfunction was noted in 15% to 25%. After the first clofarabine infusion, responders accumulated more clofarabine triphosphate in blasts compared with nonresponders (median 18 vs 10 microM; P =.03). This increased only in responders (median, 1.8-fold; P =.008) after the second clofarabine infusion. In summary, clofarabine is active in acute leukemias and MDS; cellular pharmacokinetics may have prognostic significance.
Systematic review of human post‐mortem immunohistochemical studies and bioinformatics analyses unveil the complexity of astrocyte reaction in Alzheimer's disease (2021)

Our systematic review of the neuropathological literature reveals the complexity of AD reactive astrogliosis. We have shared these findings as an online resource available at www.astrocyteatlas.org.
Real-time, contrast enhanced photoacoustic imaging of cancer in a mouse window chamber (2010)

A clinical ultrasound scanner and 14 MHz linear array collected real-time photoacoustic images (PAI) during an injection of gold nanorods (GNRs) near the region of a mature PC-3 prostate tumor in mice implanted with a skin flap window chamber. Three dimensional spectroscopic PAI (690-900 nm) was also performed to investigate absorption changes near the tumor and enhance specific detection of GNRs. Whereas GNRs improved PAI contrast (+18 dB), the photoacoustic spectrum was consistent with the elevated near infrared absorption of GNRs. The versatile imaging platform potentially accelerates development of photoacoustic contrast agents and drug delivery for cancer imaging and therapy.
Protective Effect of Delayed Remote Limb Ischemic Postconditioning: Role of Mitochondrial K<sub>ATP</sub> Channels in a Rat Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury (2012)

Delayed remote ischemic postconditioning (DRIPost) has been shown to protect the rat brain from ischemic injury. However, extremely short therapeutic time windows hinder its translational use and the mechanism of action remains elusive. Because opening of the mitochondria K(ATP) channel is crucial for cell apoptosis, we hypothesized that the neuroprotective effect of DRIPost may be associated with K(ATP) channels. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of DRIPost were investigated using adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were exposed to 90 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 72 hours of reperfusion. Delayed remote ischemic postconditioning was performed with three cycles of bilateral femoral artery occlusion/reperfusion for 5 minutes at 3 or 6 hours after reperfusion. Neurologic deficit scores and infarct volumes were assessed, and cellular apoptosis was monitored by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling. Our results showed that DRIPost applied at 6 hours after reperfusion exerted neuroprotective effects. The K(ATP) opener, diazoxide, protected rat brains from ischemic injury, while the K(ATP) blocker, 5-hydroxydecanote, reversed the neuroprotective effects of DRIPost. These findings indicate that DRIPost reduces focal cerebral ischemic injury and that the neuroprotective effects of DRIPost may be achieved through opening of K(ATP) channels.
Realizing Ontology Based Data Access: A plug-in for prot&#x00E9;g&#x00E9; (2008)

In Ontology-Based Data Access (OBDA), the aim is to use an ontology to mediate the access to data sources. We present a plug-in for the standard ontology editor Protégé that allows users to model ontologies with mappings to data sources in order to perform OBDA. We argue that our plug-in, together with an OBDA-Enabled reasoner, allows users to build, test, and deploy OBDA Systems in academic or industrial settings.
TRANSFORMATION OF <i>BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS</i> (1964)

Gwinn, Darrel D. (Oregon State University, Corvallis), and Curtis B. Thorne. Transformation of Bacillus licheniformis. J. Bacteriol. 87:519-526. 1964.-When a series of 28 auxotrophic mutants of Bacillus licheniformis were screened for transformation, only three of them, M28 (glycine(-)), M30 (uncharacterized), and M33 (purine(-)), produced a detectable number of transformants. The screening method consisted of spreading auxotrophic cells and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the prototrophic strain 9945A on minimal agar plates and observing the plates for development of prototrophic colonies. M28 transformed at a higher frequency than did the two other mutants, and it was studied in greater detail. Although up to 20% of the recipient cells spread on the plates in the presence of DNA gave rise to prototrophic colonies over a period of 72 hr, only about 10(-3)% of the cells produced transformants when they were incubated with DNA in liquid suspension for 1 hr. The most competent cultures of many tested were those grown on a shaker for 22 hr in a medium composed of nutrient broth, salts, and glycerol. When mutations resulting in requirements for histidine, leucine, serine, and trytophan were introduced singly into the glycine mutant, transformants for the leucine, serine, and histidine markers could be obtained at will, but transformants for the tryptophan marker were not detected even though all four of the double mutants could be transformed to glycine independence.
Symbolic model checking in practice (2003)

Symbolic model checking is a technique for verifying finite state reactive systems that has been very successful in practice. In this method a system being verified is represented by a state transition graph. Efficient search algorithms are used to determine if the model satisfies properties expressed as temporal logic formulas. The internal representation of the model checker uses binary decision diagrams-BDD, an extremely compact representation of Boolean formulas. Because of the BDD representation it is possible to verify extremely large and complex systems, such as aircraft controllers or robotic controllers, the PCI local bus and the Futurebus+ protocols. This work presents the method and discusses how it can be applied in practice.
Rett syndrome: Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 mutations and phenotype-genotype correlations (2000)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in females, typically after the first year of life. It is a leading cause of mental retardation and autistic behavior in girls and women; a hallmark of the disease is incessant hand movements in the form of wringing, twisting, or clapping. It was recently discovered that RTT is caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. MECP2 assists in the transcriptional silencing process via DNA methylation; we hypothesize that disruption of this gene alters the normal developmental expression of various other genes, some of which must account for the peculiar neurologic phenotype of RTT. Molecular studies have identified MECP2 mutations in up to 80% of classic RTT patients; mutation type has some effect on the phenotypic manifestation of RTT, but the pattern of X inactivation seems to determine phenotypic severity. Favorable (skewed) X inactivation can so spare a patient from the effects of mutant MECP2 that they display only the mildest learning disability or no phenotype at all. The unmitigated impact of mutant MECP2 can be inferred from the few males who have been born into RTT kindreds with such severe neonatal encephalopathy that they did not survive their second year. MECP2 mutations thus manifest in a far broader array of phenotypes than classic RTT. This discovery should prove helpful in diagnosing cases of mild learning disability or severe neonatal encephalopathies of unknown cause and also should provide insight into the pathogenesis of RTT.
Crystalline order in copolymers of ethylene and propylene (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystalline order in copolymers of ethylene and propyleneHoward W. Starkweather Jr., Frederic A. Van-Catledge, and Robert N. MacDonaldCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 6, 1600–1604Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00234a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00234a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts