gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonics in Dentistry (2015)

Ultrasonic instruments have been used in dentistry since the 1950's. Initially they were used to cut teeth but very quickly they became established as an ultrasonic scaler which was used to remove deposits from the hard tissues of the tooth. This enabled the soft tissues around the tooth to return to health. The ultrasonic vibrations are generated in a thin metal probe and it is the working tip that is the active component of the instrument. Scanning laser vibrometry has shown that there is much variability in their movement which is related to the shape and cross sectional shape of the probe. The working instrument will also generate cavitation and microstreaming in the associated cooling water. This can be mapped out along the length of the instrument indicating which are the active areas. Ultrasonics has also found use for cleaning often inaccessible or different surfaces including root canal treatment and dental titanium implants. The use of ultrasonics to cut bone during different surgical techniques shows considerable promise. More research is indicated to determine how to maximize the efficiency of such instruments so that they are more clinically effective.
Fermentanomics informed amino acid supplementation of an antibody producing mammalian cell culture (2013)

Fermentanomics, or a global understanding of a culture state on the molecular level empowered by advanced techniques like NMR, was employed to show that a model hybridoma culture supplied with glutamine and glucose depletes aspartate, cysteine, methionine, tryptophan, and tyrosine during antibody production. Supplementation with these amino acids prevents depletion and improves culture performance. Furthermore, no significant changes were observed in the distribution of glycans attached to the IgG3 in cultures supplemented with specific amino acids, arguing that this strategy can be implemented without fear of impact on important product quality attributes. In summary, a targeted strategy of quantifying media components and designing a supplementation strategy can improve bioprocess cell cultures when enpowered by fermentanomics tools.
Efficient collective communication on heterogeneous networks of workstations (2002)

Networks of Workstations (NOW) have become an attractive alternative platform for high performance computing. Due to the commodity nature of workstations and interconnects and due to the multiplicity of vendors and platforms, the NOW environments are being gradually redefined as Heterogeneous Networks of Workstations (HNOW) environments. This paper presents a new framework for implementing collective communication operations (as defined by the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard) efficiently for the emerging HNOW environments. We first classify different types of heterogeneity in HNOW and then focus on one important characteristic: communication capabilities of workstations. Taking this characteristic into account, we propose two new approaches Speed-Partitioned Ordered Chain (SPOC) and Fastest-Node First (FNF) to implement collective communication operations with reduced latency. We also investigate methods for deriving optimal trees for broadcast and multicast operations. Generating such trees is shown to be computationally intensive. It is shown that the FNF approach, in spite of its simplicity, can deliver performance within 1% of the performance of the optimal trees. Finally, these new approaches are compared with the approach used in the MPICH implementation on experimental as well as on simulated testbeds. On a 24-node existing HNOW environment with SGI workstations and ATM interconnection our approaches reduce the latency of broadcast and multicast operations by a factor of up to 3.5 compared to the approach used in the existing MPICH implementation. On a 64-node simulated testbed, our approaches can reduce the latency of broadcast and multicast operations by a factor of up to 4.5. Thus, these results demonstrate that there is significant potential for our approaches to be applied towards designing scalable collective communication libraries for current and future generation HNOW environments.
The Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Catalyzes the Post-translational Assembly of Apolipoprotein B-100 Very Low Density Lipoprotein in McA-RH7777 Cells (1998)

In cells in which the lipoprotein assembly process had been inactivated by brefeldin A (BFA), membrane-associated apoB-100 disappeared without forming lipoproteins or being secreted, indicating that it was degraded. Reactivation of the assembly process by chasing the cells in the absence of BFA, gave rise to a quantitative recovery of the membrane-associated apoB-100 in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction in the medium. These results indicate that the membrane-associated apoB-100 can be converted to VLDL. A new method was developed by which the major amount (88%) of microsomal apoB-100 but not integral membrane proteins could be extracted. The major effect of this method was to increase the recovery of apoB-100 that banded in the LDL and HDL density regions, suggesting that the membrane-associated form of apoB-100 is partially lipidated. We also investigated the role of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in the assembly of apoB-100 VLDL using a photoactivatable MTP inhibitor (BMS-192951). This compound strongly inhibited the assembly and secretion of apoB-100 VLDL when present during the translation of the protein. To investigate the importance of MTP during the later stages in the assembly process, the cells were preincubated with BFA (to reversibly inhibit the assembly of apoB-100 VLDL) and pulse-labeled (+BFA) and chased (+BFA) for 30 min to obtain full-length apoB-100 associated with the microsomal membrane. Inhibition of MTP after the 30-min chase blocked assembly of VLDL. This indicates that MTP is important for the conversion of full-length apoB-100 into VLDL. Results from experiments in which a second chase (-BFA) was introduced before the inactivation of MTP indicated that only early events in this conversion of full-length apoB-100 into VLDL were blocked by the MTP inhibitor. Together these results indicate that there is a MTP-dependent "window" in the VLDL assembly process that occurs after the completion of apoB-100 but before the major amount of lipids is added to the VLDL particle. Thus the assembly of apoB-100 VLDL from membrane-associated apoB-100 involves an early MTP-dependent phase and a late MTP-independent phase, during which the major amount of lipid is added.
Growth of Bragg gratings produced by continuous-wave ultraviolet light in optical fiber (1993)

We have written Bragg gratings of as much as 94% reflectance in germanium-doped optical fiber by two-beam interference of 244-nm continuous-wave UV light. We measured grating reflectance as a function of exposure time for UV light intensities ranging from 1.5 to 47 W/cm2. The observed dependence of index modulation on time and intensity does not agree with the predictions of a model based on depletion of a defect population by one-photon absorption.
An Overview of Production Systems (1975)

Abstract : Since production systems were first proposed in 1943 as a general computational mechanism, the methodology has seen a great deal of development and has been applied to a diverse collection of problems. Despite the wide scope of goals and perspectives demonstrated by the various systems, there appear to be many recurrent themes. This paper is an attempt to provide an analysis and overview of those themes, as well as a conceptual framework by which many of the seemingly disparate efforts can be viewed, both in relation to each other, and to other methodologies. Accordingly, the authors use the term 'production system' in a broad sense, and attempt to show how most systems which have used the term can be fit into the framework. The comparison to other methodologies is intended to provide a view of PS characteristics in a broader context, with primary reference to procedurally-based techniques, but with reference also to some of the current developments in programming and the organization of data and knowledge bases.
Biocatalytic Hydroxylations Catalyzed by Cytochromes P-450—Problems and Prospects (1990)

Due to their selectivity biocatalytic hydroxylations catalysed by monooxygenases or dioxygenases arouse considerable interest. The most studied and distributed type of monooxygenases are cytochromes P-450, which are a supergene family of proteins that catalyse the oxidation of lipophilic compounds through the insertion of 1 oxygen atom of O2 into the substrate. For biocatalytic processes those cytochromes deserve attention, are involved in the catabolism of nutrients in microorganisms or in the metabolism of physiological substrates in higher eucaryotes. Mammalian cytochromes P-450, which catalyse the oxidation of xenobiotics (synthetic drugs, pesticides, hazardous waste compounds, are hardly suitable for this purpose. Processes with immobilized cytochromes P-450 can be excluded. The use of wild or genetically transformed strains of microorganisms is a suitable way.
Comparing eye movements to detected vs. undetected target stimuli in an Identity Search task (2009)

Why do we perceive some elements in a visual scene, while others remain undetected? To learn about the sequence of events leading to detection, we directly compared fixations on detected vs. undetected items. Our novel Identity Search task display comprised twelve cards, all different except for two pairs of identical cards. Participants search for one pair. Task properties allow us to monitor fixations on distinct card regions and study search dynamics. We find that detected pair cards were fixated more often and for longer times than undetected pair cards. Within the search sequence, there are fewer intervening fixations between detected than undetected pair cards. Only at an advanced stage of the search do fixations on pair cards become closer. We suggest that both the absolute number of fixations and their temporal proximity influence detection. In the dynamics of search, a bifurcation point is observed, when these differential characteristics begin. Analysis of the break point in the sequence of fixations on to-be-detected cards suggests that there is an early--perhaps unconscious--recognition stage, followed by more fixations and only later by detection. We suggest that several target fixations are needed for processing visual information to achieve recognition.
Cu dual damascene process for 0.13 um technology generation using self ion sputtering (SIS) with ion reflector (2002)

Newly developed self ion sputtering(SIS) system is applied to Cu seed formation for electroplating (EP)-Cu filling. SIS is a bias sputtering using Cu/sup +/ ions generated by self sustained Cu plasma with controlling ion flux to a substrate by an ion reflector. This method can be realized by small modification of long throw sputtering (LTS) configuration. Substrate bias promotes transportation of Cu ions to the bottom of via holes efficiently from Cu plasma, which leads to improve step coverage. However, in the case of only applying substrate bias, uniformity of step coverage across the wafer can not be achieved to the objective value. Ion reflector converges ions on the wafer, especially on the edge of the wafer, then it improves uniformity of step coverage across the wafer. EP-Cu filling of vias of 0.2 um, A/R of 4 can be obtained using this method. Moreover, vias of 0.17 um, A/R of 5 can be completely filled when SIS is applied to barrier metal (TaN) deposition due to drastic improvement of TaN coverage.
Adaptation of cells derived from human malignant tumours to growth in vitro. (1976)

President Roosevelt was interested in President Wheeler's "criticism of Herodotus' account of the battle of Salamis."
Multicell converters: basic concepts and industry applications (2002)

Multicell power converters were introduced ten years ago. This paper summarizes the main results obtained through the research done on these converters over this period: topology and derivation of multicell choppers and voltage-source inverters; harmonics cancellation; open-loop modulation techniques; self-balancing understanding; and optimization. During this same period, industrial products using this technique have been developed and the corresponding know-how has contributed to the field in various ways, such as modular design, low inductance busbars, specific drivers, etc.
IF1, a natural inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase, is not essential for the normal growth and breeding of mice (2013)

IF1 is an endogenous inhibitor protein of mitochondrial ATP synthase. It is evolutionarily conserved throughout all eukaryotes and it has been proposed to play crucial roles in prevention of the wasteful reverse reaction of ATP synthase, in the metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, in the suppression of ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation, in mitochondria morphology and in haem biosynthesis in mitochondria, which leads to anaemia. Here, we report the phenotype of a mouse strain in which IF1 gene was destroyed. Unexpectedly, individuals of this IF1-KO (knockout) mouse strain grew and bred without defect. The general behaviours, blood test results and responses to starvation of the IF1-KO mice were apparently normal. There were no abnormalities in the tissue anatomy or the autophagy. Mitochondria of the IF1-KO mice were normal in morphology, in the content of ATP synthase molecules and in ATP synthesis activity. Thus, IF1 is not an essential protein for mice despite its ubiquitous presence in eukaryotes.
Surface Characterization and Adhesive Properties of Poly(imidesiloxane) Copolymers Containing Multiple Siloxane Segment Lengths (2002)

A series of poly(imidesiloxane) (SIM) copolymers have been synthesized from α,ω'-aminopropylpoly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) of varying lengths, 2,2-bis(4-[4-aminophenoxyl]phenyl)propane (BAPP), and 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA). In this series, the total composition of PDMS was maintained at 10 wt % with multiple PDMS segment lengths of different relative compositions (e.g., 5% PDMS containing 1 repeat unit, designated G-1, and 5% PDMS containing an average repeat unit of 9, designated G-9, incorporated into the same polymer vs 1% G-1 and 9% G-9 in the same polymer). Two main polymer series were synthesized: one containing G-1 and G-9 in varying ratios and the other containing G-5 and G-9. Both of these series have been analyzed using angle-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Si/N ratios as measured by XPS from all members of the G-9/G-1 series were statistically equivalent to that of the polymer containing pure 10% G-9, while that of the polymer containing 10% G-1 had a significantly lower value. This suggests that there is preferential segregation of the longer G-9 siloxane segment lengths to the surface. These same studies were repeated for the series containing both G-5 and G-9, and similar results were found, although the extent of segregation was less. The angle-dependent data were then used to obtain an in-depth profile by using a numerical algorithm, which was designed for samples with compositional gradients as is the case with this system. From the profiles, it was determined that the thickness of the surface PDMS layer of all polymers containing both G-9 and G-1 was the same for all compositions studied, while that of the pure 10% G-1 was much thinner. The adhesion strengths of these polymers were measured using peel strength tests, and the adhesion values were correlated to the XPS results. It was found that the adhesion of the pure 10% G-1 was much higher than that of any other polymer in the series. The remainder of the polymers in the series all had similar adhesion values. These results are consistent with a model of the surface, which has longer segment lengths preferentially segregating and dominating the adhesive properties.
Substrate-specific inhibition of RecQ helicase (2001)

The RecQ helicases constitute a small but highly conserved helicase family. Proteins in this family are of particular interest because they are critical to maintenance of genomic stability in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotic RecQ helicase family members have been shown to unwind not only DNA duplexes but also DNAs with alternative structures, including structures stabilized by G quartets (G4 DNAs). We report that Escherichia coli RecQ can also unwind G4 DNAs, and that unwinding requires ATP and divalent cation. RecQ helicase is comparably active on duplex and G4 DNA substrates, as measured by direct comparison of protein activity and by competition assays. The porphyrin derivative, N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM), is a highly specific inhibitor of RecQ unwinding activity on G4 DNA but not duplex DNA: the inhibition constant (K(i)) for NMM inhibition of G4 DNA unwinding is 1.7 microM, approximately two orders of magnitude below the K(i) for inhibition of duplex DNA unwinding (>100 microM). NMM may therefore prove to be a valuable compound for substrate-specific inhibition of other RecQ family helicases in vitro and in vivo.
The Role of Iconic Memory in Change-Detection Tasks (2000)

In three experiments, subjects attempted to detect the change of a single item in a visually presented array of items. Subjects' ability to detect a change was greatly reduced if a blank interstimulus interval (ISI) was inserted between the original array and an array in which one item had changed ('change blindness'). However, change detection improved when the location of the change was cued during the blank ISI. This suggests that people represent more information of a scene than change blindness might suggest. We test two possible hypotheses why, in the absence of a cue, this representation fails to produce good change detection. The first claims that the intervening events employed to create change blindness result in multiple neural transients which co-occur with the to-be-detected change. Poor detection rates occur because a serial search of all the transient locations is required to detect the change, during which time the representation of the original scene fades. The second claims that the occurrence of the second frame overwrites the representation of the first frame, unless that information is insulated against overwriting by attention. The results support the second hypothesis. We conclude that people may have a fairly rich visual representation of a scene while the scene is present, but fail to detect changes because they lack the ability to simultaneously represent two complete visual representations.
Characterization of flagella of Clostridium difficile and their role in serogrouping reactions (1990)

Slide agglutination with rabbit antisera allows the differentiation of 10 serogroups of Clostridium difficile, namely, A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I, K, and X. Each serogroup displays a specific protein profile in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, except for A, which displays 12 different protein profiles (A1 to A12). In the present work, electron microscopy revealed the presence of uniformly distributed flagella in the reference strains of serogroups G and K and in all strains representative of the 12 subgroups within serogroup purified by differential centrifugation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these preparations revealed one distinct band with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 39 kilodaltons. Antiserum was prepared by immunizing a rabbit with the serogroup A flagellin, which had been eluted from the gel. In immunoblotting, this antiserum cross-reacted with the flagellin of the other strains. When the cells were deflagellated by a short sonication, the cross-reactions observed by slide agglutination with A, G, and K antisera were suppressed. Similarly, shearing of flagella allowed specific slide agglutination of the 12 subgroups of serogroup A.
Effect of tea leaf catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, on plasma cholesterol level in rats. (1986)

先にわれわれは緑茶より抽出した茶葉粗カテキン (タンニン) は血中コレステロール濃度を低下させる作用を持つことを観察したも。この事実をさらに調べるために, われわれは緑茶カテキンの主成分である (一) エピガロカテキンガレート (EGCg) を分離し, 15%ラードと1%コレステロール含有25%カゼイン食 (高脂コレステロール含有食) 投与ラットの脂質代謝に対する効果を調べた。EGCgは0.5%, 1.0%濃度で添加した。飼育期間は全実験で4週間とした。EGCgの添加は成長および飼料摂取に対して影響を与えなかった。高脂コレステロール含有食を与えたラットでは, 25%カゼイン食 (正常食) を与えたラットに比べて血漿および肝臓コレステロール濃度は増加した。EGCg投与で血漿総コレステロールとLDL-コレステロール濃度は減少し, HDL-コレステロール濃度は増加した。肝臓全脂質, 全コレステロールおよびトリグリセリド濃度は高脂コレステロール含有食投与ラットで増加したが, EGCg添加群ではこれらの濃度は減少した。さらに, EGCg投与は糞中への全脂質およびコレステロールの排泄量を増加させた。25%カゼイン食への1.0%EGCg添加では, 血漿および肝臓コレステロール濃度に影響を与えなかった。これらの結果は, EGCgはコレステロール投与ラットの血漿コレステロール低下作用を持つことを示している。
Correspondence (1976)

Journal Article Correspondence Get access Barry Salt Barry Salt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Screen, Volume 17, Issue 1, Spring 1976, Pages 119–123, https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/17.1.119 Published: 01 March 1976
Octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide as an extractant for actinides from nitric acid waste (1983)

The ability of neutral bifunctional organophosphorus compounds to extract trivalent actinides, specifically Am(III), from nitric acid solution has stimulated investigations into the processing of PUREX high level liquid waste. The authors' work in this area has focused primarily on derivatives of carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO). The authors of this paper have found that the best extractant of this type is octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylmethylphosphine oxide (abbrev. O phi D (IB)CMPO). This extractant has a unique combination of substituent groups which impart to the resulting molecule substantially improved ability to extract actinides from acidic nitrate media and to withstand hydrolytic and radiolytic degradation. At the same time good selectivity of Am(III) actinides over fission products and favorable solubility properties on actinide loading are maintained. This paper describes the application of O phi D (IB) CMPO to the extraction of transuranium elements (Np, Pu, and Am) and fission product rare earths (F.P.R.E.) from evaporated highly acidic (5 M HNO/sub 3/) PUREX waste. Additional information on the influence of phenyl substitution in CMPO's and mixed CMPO-TBP extractant solutions on D/sub Am/ is also presented. 3 figures, 2 tables.
Localization of 14‐3‐3 proteins in the nuclei of arabidopsis and maize (1997)

It has been demonstrated that 14-3-3 proteins are present in the nuclei of Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays cells using laser scanning confocal microscopy and immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against plant 14-3-3 proteins. Confirmation of nuclear localization provides insight into the range of functions normally attributed to 14-3-3 proteins, especially since the association of 14-3-3s with transcription factors is (thus far) a phenomenon unique to plants, and since 14-3-3 proteins do not possess a recognizable nuclear targeting sequence.
An Introduction to Metabolic Networks and Their Structural Analysis (2008)

There has been a renewed interest for metabolism in the computational biology community, leading to an avalanche of papers coming from methodological network analysis as well as experimental and theoretical biology. This paper is meant to serve as an initial guide for both the biologists interested in formal approaches and the mathematicians or computer scientists wishing to inject more realism into their models. The paper is focused on the structural aspects of metabolism only. The literature is vast enough already, and the thread through it difficult to follow even for the more experienced worker in the field. We explain methods for acquiring data and reconstructing metabolic networks, and review the various models that have been used for their structural analysis. Several concepts such as modularity are introduced, as are the controversies that have beset the field these past few years, for instance, on whether metabolic networks are small-world or scale-free, and on which model better explains the evolution of metabolism. Clarifying the work that has been done also helps in identifying open questions and in proposing relevant future directions in the field, which we do along the paper and in the conclusion.