gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An <i>in vitro</i> model of the leukocyte interactions associated with granuloma formation in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection (2007)

The principal defense of the human host against a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is the formation of granulomas, organized collections of activated macrophages, including epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells, surrounded by lymphocytes. This granuloma can sequester and contain the bacteria preventing active disease, and if the granuloma is maintained, these bacteria may remain latent for a person's lifetime. Secretion of a variety of chemoattractant cytokines following phagocytosis of the bacilli by the macrophage is critical not only to the formation of the granuloma but also to its maintenance. To investigate this process of early granuloma formation, we developed an in vitro model composed entirely of human cells. Combining blood lymphocytes and autologous macrophages from healthy purified protein derivative skin test-negative individuals and mycobacteria resulted in the formation of small, rounded aggregate structures. Microscopic examination found macrophage-specific CD68(+) epithelioid macrophages and small round CD3(+) lymphocytes that in complex resembled small granulomas seen in clinical pathology specimens. Acid-fast staining bacteria were observed between and possibly within the cells composing the granulomas. Supernatants from the infected cells collected at 24 and 48 h and 5 and 9 days after infection were analyzed by a multiplexed cytokine bead-based assay using the Luminex 100 and were found to contain interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokines known to be involved in human granuloma formation, in quantities from two-fold to 7000-fold higher than supernatants from uninfected control cells. In addition, chemotaxis assays demonstrated that the same supernatants attracted significantly more human peripheral blood mononuclear cells than those of uninfected cells (P<0.001). This model may provide insight into the earliest stages of granuloma formation in those newly infected.
PECTINESTERASE-CATALYZED FIRMING EFFECTS DURING PRECOOKING OF VEGETABLES (1996)

Many vegetables exhibit a firming effect after precooking at a temperature between 50 and 70C. This effect has generally been attributed to the action of endogenous pectinesterase which hydrolyzes the methyl ester linkages in pectin molecules. The resulting free carboxyl groups then form Ca-bridges between pectin molecules. We have shown, by using the pectinesterases of pea sprouts, that the enzymes catalyzed not only the hydrolysis of the methoxyl groups of pectin molecules, but also a tranacylation reaction of the galacturonic acyl groups from methanol to other hydroxyl groups of pectin. The latter reaction results in the formation of new ester linkages between pectin molecules, which also contributes to the firming of the tissue. The pectinesterases have been separated into four isozymes, PE1, PE2, PE3, and PE5. The isozymes exhibited similar transacylation activity, with the exception of PE5 that did not catalyze transacylation.
Miscibility, morphology, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of epoxy resins toughened with functionalized core-shell nanoparticles containing epoxy groups on the surface (2013)

Purpose – In order to obtain functionalized core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) as excellent toughening agents for epoxy resins. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Functionalized CSNPs containing epoxy groups on the surface were synthesized by emulsion polymerization with butyl acrylate as the core and methyl methacrylate copolymerizing with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as the shell. CSNPs were used as toughening agents for epoxy resins and their chemical structure was characterized by FT-IR. The morphology of modified epoxy networks (MEPN) was analyzed by SEM and TEM. Both the mechanical properties and thermodynamic properties were studied. Findings – The results show that nearly spherical CSNPs with the particle size of 50-100 nm are obtained. A certain amount of CSNPs are uniformly dispersed in epoxy resins by the grinding method and the MEPN shows the ductile fracture feature. The miscibility between CSNPs and epoxy matrix increases with the increase of GMA concentration which makes more bonds form between them. Epoxy resins toughened with 10 wt% CSNPs containing 10 wt% GMA show the best mechanical properties and the increase in tensile strength and impact strength of the MEPN is 13.5 and 59.7 percent, respectively, over the unmodified epoxy networks. And the improvement in impact strength is not accompanied with loss of thermal resistance. Practical implications – The MEPN can be used as high-performance materials such as adhesives, sealants and matrixes of composites. Originality/value – The functionalized CSNPs are novel and it can greatly increase the toughness of epoxy resins without loss of thermal resistance.
Nucleotide sequence of the 3' non-coding region and N gene of the S RNA of a serologically distinct tospovirus (1991)

A tomato spotted wilt-like virus (TSWV-I) is a distinct member of the Tospovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae and is distinguished from the typical TSWV by having a serologically distinct nucleoprotein (N). A cDNA clone extending from the 3' terminus of the viral RNA through the entire N open reading frame (ORF) was sequenced. The TSWV-I N ORF is capable of encoding a polypeptide of 262 amino acids with a predicted Mr of 28.8K. In vitro transcription and translation of the clone produced a protein which comigrated with TSWV-I N and was immunoprecipitated by TSWV-I antibodies. Hybridization analysis of lithium chloride-precipitated RNA from healthy and TSWV-I-infected tissue detected a virus-specific 1.2 kb subgenomic RNA. The TSWV-I S RNA terminal consensus sequence (8 nucleotides) was identical to that of TSWV; the remaining TSWV-I untranslated region showed only 51% identity with that of TSWV. Comparison of the TSWV-I and TSWV N proteins showed 67% identity at the amino acid level. The degree of similarity in the terminal sequence, untranslated region and N ORF is similar to that expected between distinct serogroups within certain genera of the Bunyaviridae.
Case 51-1993 (1993)

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital from The New England Journal of Medicine — Case 51-1993 — A 36-Year-Old Man with AIDS, Increase in Chronic Diarrhea, and Intermittent Fever and Chills
Lifetimes and stabilities of familiar explosive molecular adduct complexes during ion mobility measurements (2015)

Trapped ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (TIMS-MS) was utilized for the separation and identification of familiar explosives in complex mixtures. For the first time, molecular adduct complex lifetimes, relative stability, binding energies and candidate structures are reported for familiar explosives. Experimental and theoretical results showed that the adduct size and reactivity, complex binding energy and the explosive structure tailor the stability of the molecular adduct complex. The flexibility of TIMS to adapt the mobility separation as a function of the molecular adduct complex stability (i.e., short or long IMS experiments/low or high IMS resolution) permits targeted measurements of explosives in complex mixtures with high confidence levels.
Ryoan: A Distributed Sandbox for Untrusted Computation on Secret Data. (2017)

Users of modern data-processing services such as tax preparation or genomic screening are forced to trust them with data that the users wish to keep secret. Ryoan1 protects secret data while it is processed by services that the data owner does not trust. Accomplishing this goal in a distributed setting is difficult, because the user has no control over the service providers or the computational platform. Confining code to prevent it from leaking secrets is notoriously difficult, but Ryoan benefits from new hardware and a request-oriented data model. Ryoan provides a distributed sandbox, leveraging hardware enclaves (e.g., Intel’s software guard extensions (SGX) [40]) to protect sandbox instances from potentially malicious computing platforms. The protected sandbox instances confine untrusted data-processing modules to prevent leakage of the user’s input data. Ryoan is designed for a request-oriented data model, where confined modules only process input once and do not persist state about the input. We present the design and prototype implementation of Ryoan and evaluate it on a series of challenging problems including email filtering, health analysis, image processing and machine translation.
Direct link between<i>1/f</i>noise and defects in metal films (1985)

We have found that gently annealing a AuPd film has a substantial effect on its 1/f noise. From the temperature dependence of the noise after various amounts of annealing, one can infer changes in the distribution of activation energies of the process responsible for the noise. These changes are consistent with general expectations concerning the effect of annealing on lattice defects. Our results strongly support the idea that at least some of the 1/f noise of metal films is associated with defect motion.
Theoretical Performance Comparison between Inline, Offset and Twin Crankshaft Internal Combustion Engines (2008)

The twin crankshaft engine is anew configuration of internal combustion engine that introduced to solve the engine liner wear problems, increase the engine efficiency and it has other advantages over conventional engines. In this research, a computational work was carried out to compare the performance of three l engine configurations, namely, the conventional (inline) engine, the offset crankshaft engine and the twin crankshaft engine, of the same cylinder bore, speed, crank arm, piston mass and heat addition. The performance measured was the side thrust force that causes liner wear and the output torque. Results showed that the twin crankshaft engine is superior in terms of torque which means it has larger efficiency than the other configurations.
Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton by Thrombin in Human Endothelial Cells: Role of Rho Proteins in Endothelial Barrier Function (1998)

Endothelial barrier function is regulated at the cellular level by cytoskeletal-dependent anchoring and retracting forces. In the present study we have examined the signal transduction pathways underlying agonist-stimulated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Receptor activation by thrombin, or the thrombin receptor (proteinase-activated receptor 1) agonist peptide, leads to an early increase in stress fiber formation followed by cortical actin accumulation and cell rounding. Selective inhibition of thrombin-stimulated signaling systems, including Gi/o (pertussis toxin sensitive), p42/p44, and p38 MAP kinase cascades, Src family kinases, PI-3 kinase, or S6 kinase pathways had no effect on the thrombin response. In contrast, staurosporine and KT5926, an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase, effectively blocked thrombin-induced cell rounding and retraction. The contribution of Rho to these effects was analyzed by using bacterial toxins that either activate or inhibit the GTPase. Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1, an activator of Rho, induced the appearance of dense actin cables across cells without perturbing monolayer integrity. Accordingly, lysophosphatidic acid, an activator of Rho-dependent stress fiber formation in fibroblasts, led to reorganization of polymerized actin into stress fibers but failed to induce cell rounding. Inhibition of Rho with Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3 fused to the B fragment of diphtheria toxin caused loss of stress fibers with only partial attenuation of thrombin-induced cell rounding. The implication of Rac and Cdc42 was analyzed in transient transfection experiments using either constitutively active (V12) or dominant-interfering (N17) mutants. Expression of RacV12 mimicked the effect of thrombin on cell rounding, and RacN17 blocked the response to thrombin, whereas Cdc42 mutants were without effect. These observations suggest that Rho is involved in the maintenance of endothelial barrier function and Rac participates in cytoskeletal remodeling by thrombin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Progress in neural network-based vision for autonomous robot driving (2003)

This paper describes recent improvements to the ALVINN system (Autonomous Land Vehicle In a Neural Network) for neural network based autonomous driving. The authors perviously (1991, 1992) reported a technique which allows an an artificial neural network to quickly learn to steer by watching a person drive. But the faster the network is trained, the less exposure it receives to novel or infrequent scenarios. For instance, during a typical four minute training run, the network sees few if any examples of passing cars. When a rare situation like this occurs during testing, its lack of coverage in the training set canresult in erratic driving. By modeling the appearance of infrequent scenarios and then using the model to augment the training set, one can teach the network to generalize to situations not explicitly represented in the live training data. Using this technique, a network trained over a two mile stretch of highway was able to drive autonomously for 21.2 miles at speeds of up to 55 miles/hour.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Targeted deep sequencing of plasma circulating cell-free DNA reveals Vimentin and Fibulin 1 as potential epigenetic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (2017)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide, but is still lacking sensitive and specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, we applied targeted massively parallel semiconductor sequencing to assess methylation on a panel of genes (FBLN1, HINT2, LAMC1, LTBP1, LTBP2, PSMA2, PSMA7, PXDN, TGFB1, UBE2L3, VIM and YWHAZ) in plasma circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and to evaluate the potential of these genes as HCC biomarkers in two different series, one from France (42 HCC cases and 42 controls) and one from Thailand (42 HCC cases, 26 chronic liver disease cases and 42 controls). We also analyzed a set of HCC and adjacent tissues and liver cell lines to further compare with 'The Cancer Genome Atlas' (TCGA) data. The methylation in cfDNA was detected for FBLN1, PSMA7, PXDN and VIM, with differences in methylation patterns between cases and controls for FBLN1 and VIM. The average methylation level across analyzed CpG-sites was associated with higher odds of HCC for VIM (1.48 [1.02, 2.16] for French cases and 2.18 [1.28, 3.72] for Thai cases), and lower odds of HCC for FBLN1 (0.89 [0.76, 1.03] for French cases and 0.75 [0.63, 0.88] for Thai cases). In conclusion, our study provides evidence that changes in VIM and FBLN1 methylation levels in cfDNA are associated with HCC and could represent useful plasma-based biomarkers. Also, the potential to investigate methylation patterns in cfDNA could bring new strategies for HCC detection and monitoring high-risk groups and response to treatment.
Calibration and Dynamic Matching in Data Converters: Part 2: Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters and Background-Calibration Challenges (2018)

Part 1 of this article series, "Calibration and Dynamic Matching in Data Converters: Part 1: Linearity Calibration and Dynamic-Matching Techniques," considered the calibration of digital-to-analog converters (DACs), dynamic element matching, and the calibration of pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). In this second part, the calibration of time-interleaved ADCs is covered first. Then challenges created by background calibration in the architectures described in both parts are covered. Finally, conclusions are drawn based on the examples in both parts.
Determination of Unsaturation in Butyl Rubber (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Unsaturation in Butyl RubberJohn Rehner, Jr. and Priscilla GrayCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1945, 17, 6, 367–370Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560142a006https://doi.org/10.1021/i560142a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Metal carbonyl substitution reactions catalysed by transition metal complexes (1980)

M. O. Albers, N. J. Coville, T. V. Ashworth, E. Singleton and H. E. Swanepoel, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1980, 489 DOI: 10.1039/C39800000489
Sensing method based on the reflective property of a thin metallic mesh device in the terahertz region (2011)

We demonstrate a new biosensing method using the reflective property of a metallic mesh device (MMD). The MMD can work as a band-pass filter in the terahertz (THz) region and its sensing mechanism is attributed to localization of the electromagnetic field on the surface of the device due to the periodic structure. The refractive index of a liquid sample can be estimated by calculating the shift in the reflectance spectrum before and after the sample is attached to the device. The results indicate that the reflection measurement method is effective for solution measurement and also MMDs could function as sensors for detecting the affinity of its near-surface property for water.
The Properties of natural and synthetic diamond (1992)

Preface. Foreword. Part I. Solid State. Part ii. Geology and Growth. Part III. Mechanical. Part IV. Industrial. Appendix.
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination in LTE-Advanced Heterogeneous Networks (2012)

The performance of enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) for Long Term Evolution (LTE)- Advanced with co-channel deployment of both macro and pico is analyzed. The use of pico-cell Range Extension (RE) and time domain eICIC (TDM muting) is combined. The performance is evaluated in the downlink by means of extensive system level simulations that follow the 3GPP guidelines. The overall network performance is analyzed for different number of pico-eNBs, transmit power levels, User Equipment (UE) distributions, and packet schedulers. Recommended settings of the RE offset and TDM muting ratio in different scenarios are identified. The presented performance results and findings can serve as input to guidelines for co-channel deployment of macro and pico-eNBs with eICIC.
Gene Expression of the NO3  – Transporter NRT1.1 and the Nitrate Reductase NIA1 Is Repressed in Arabidopsis Roots by NO2  –, the Product of NO3  – Reduction (2003)

Abstract NRT1.1 and NIA1 genes, which encode a nitrate (NO3 –) transporter and the minor isoform of NO3 – reductase (NR), respectively, are overexpressed in roots of NR-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis grown on nutrient solution containing NO3 – and reduced N. The overexpression is found only in mutants with reduced NIA2 activity, and disruption of the NIA1 gene alone has no effect on NRT1.1 expression. Because the up-regulation of NRT1.1 and NIA1 is observed in N-sufficient NR mutant plants, it cannot be related to a release of the general feedback repression exerted by the N status of the plant. Our data do not support the hypothesis of overinduction of these genes by an increased concentration of NO3 – in tissues. Furthermore, although a control by external pH might contribute to the regulation of NRT1.1, changes in external pH due to lack of NR activity cannot alone explain the up-regulation of both genes. The stimulation of NRT1.1 and NIA1 in NR mutants in these conditions suggests that NR activity is able to repress directly the expression of both genes independently of the availability of reduced N metabolites in wild-type plants. Accordingly, nitrite (NO2 –) strongly represses NRT1.1 and NIA1 transcript accumulation in the roots. This effect is rapid, specific, and reversible. Furthermore, transport studies on plants exposed to NO2 – show that down-regulation of the NRT1.1 gene is associated with a decrease in NO3 – influx. These results indicate that feedback regulation of genes of NO3 – assimilation relies not only on the repression exerted by reduced N metabolites, such as NH4 + or amino acids, but may also involve the action of NO2 – as a regulatory signal.
Synthesis and Electric Field Actuation of an Ionic Liquid Polymer (2006)

Polymerizable ionic liquids and their actuation in an electric field are a combination of material and properties with unique potential to display structural and fluid dynamics above that found in small molecule ionic liquids. In an effort to blend ionic liquid nature with actuation response, we have synthesized a new ionic liquid ammonium sulfonate monomer and polymer. The liquid temperature ranges of both the monomer and polymer ionic liquid systems are quite large extending from their respective glass transitions (Tg) of -57 and -49 degrees C to decomposition at approximately 200 degrees C. Particularly remarkable is the small Tg increment that accompanies the transformation from monomer to polymer. The electrowetting behavior of the polymer and of the monomer presents an interesting contrast. This communication will encompass the polymerization, characterization, and actuation of these new ionic liquids.
Remediation of Soils and Wastes Contaminated with Uranium and Toxic Metals (1998)

The presence of radionuclides and toxic metals in soils and wastes due to nuclear related activities is a major environmental concern. To restore the contaminated sites, both the radionuclides and toxic metals must be removed. We have developed a comprehensive method to remediate contaminated soils and wastes with the removal and recovery of uranium and toxic metals. The overall process consist of three steps: extraction, biodegradation, and photodegradation. Radionuclides and toxic metals are removed from contaminated soils and wastes by extracting them with citric acid, a natural multidentate complexing agent. Citric acid forms different types of complexes with the transition metals and actinides that may involve the formation of bidentate, tridentate, binuclear, or polynuclear complex species. Several metal−citrate complexes were readily biodegraded by Pseudomonas fluorescens, resulting in the bioprecipitation and recovery of the metals, whereas uranyl citrate, which is recalcitrant to biodegradation, upon exposure to light was photodegraded with the precipitation of uranium as UO3·xH2O. For example, uranium was removed from contaminated soils and sludge with >85% efficiency. Biodegradation followed by photodegradation of the citric acid extract resulted in >99% recovery of the extracted uranium. In addition, significant amounts of Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Th, and Zn were also removed during biodegradation of the extract. In this process, the toxic metals and uranium are recovered in separate fractions in concentrated form for recycling or disposal.