gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broad-band superluminescent diodes fabricated on a substrate with asymmetric dual quantum wells (1996)

Broad-band AlGaAs-GaAs superluminescent diodes are fabricated using asymmetric dual quantum wells. With a proper design of the quantum-well structure, the spectral width of the superluminescent diodes could be engineered. By choosing 40 /spl Aring/ and 75 /spl Aring/, respectively, for the two quantum wells, the spectrum remains bell-shaped and is broadened to 2/spl sim/3 times that of the conventional superluminescent diodes. The measured spectra show that there is no obvious preference on the transition in either well at any pumping current.
Novel Microfluidic Structures for Wireless Passive Temperature Telemetry Medical Systems Using Radar Interrogation Techniques in Ka-Band (2012)

We present a new miniaturized (below 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) temperature sensor based on microfluidic technology and radar passive interrogation principles, which can be easily applied for temperature telemetry for medical applications. The chipless microsystem is made up of a planar-gap capacitor with a microchannel located in between its plates. The temperature-dependent expansion/shrinkage of the water inside the microchannel modifies in a monotonic way the liquid level across the capacitor. The resulting change in the effective permittivity modifies the capacitance value in a temperature-dependent way. The first prototypes of the temperature microsensor were micromachined and integrated with an antenna, while the ambient temperature was remotely measured using frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar interrogation principles at 29.75 GHz. Preliminary measurement results demonstrated a 0.4 dBm/°C sensitivity over a 9°C temperature range (24°C-33°C).
Human papillomavirus-associated diseases in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (2009)

Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines should be implemented for at-risk populations for anal dysplasia/anal cancer, such as HIV-positive men who have sex with men. More study is required to get better insights into the natural history of penile and oral HPV-associated benign and malignant lesions.
TCF7L2 Is Not a Major Susceptibility Gene for Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians (2007)

Variation within TCF7L2 does not confer major risk for type 2 diabetes among the Pima Indian population.
Construction of cellobiose phosphorylase variants with broadened acceptor specificity towards anomerically substituted glucosides (2010)

The general application of glycoside phosphorylases such as cellobiose phosphorylase (CP) for glycoside synthesis is hindered by their relatively narrow substrate specificity. We have previously reported on the creation of Cellulomonas uda CP enzyme variants with either modified donor or acceptor specificity. Remarkably, in this study it was found that the donor mutant also displays broadened acceptor specificity towards several beta-glucosides. Triple mutants containing donor (T508I/N667A) as well as acceptor mutations (E649C or E649G) also display a broader acceptor specificity than any of the parent enzymes. Moreover, further broadening of the acceptor specificity has been achieved by site-saturation mutagenesis of residues near the active site entrance. The best enzyme variant contains the additional N156D and N163D mutations and is active towards various alkyl beta-glucosides, methyl alpha-glucoside and cellobiose. In comparison with the wild-type C. uda CP enzyme, which cannot accept anomerically substituted glucosides at all, the obtained increase in substrate specificity is significant. The described CP enzyme variants should be useful for the synthesis of cellobiosides and other glycosides with prebiotic and pharmaceutical properties.
Atropisomers of 1,4-benzodiazepines. 2. Synthesis and resolution of imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepines (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAtropisomers of 1,4-benzodiazepines. 2. Synthesis and resolution of imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepinesNorman W. Gilman, Perry Rosen, James V. Earley, Charles M. Cook, John F. Blount, and Louis J. TodaroCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 12, 3285–3298Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00064a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00064a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
File Detection on Network Traffic Using Approximate Matching (2014)

In recent years, Internet technologies changed enormously and allow faster Internet connections, higher data rates and mobile usage. Hence, it is possible to send huge amounts of data / files easily which is often used by insiders or attackers to steal intellectual property. As a consequence, data leakage prevention systems (DLPS) have been developed which analyze network traffic and alert in case of a data leak. Although the overall concepts of the detection techniques are known, the systems are mostly closed and commercial. Within this paper we present a new technique for network traffic analysis based on approximate matching (a.k.a fuzzy hashing) which is very common in digital forensics to correlate similar files. This paper demonstrates how to optimize and apply them on single network packets. Our contribution is a straightforward concept which does not need a comprehensive configuration: hash the file and store the digest in the database. Within our experiments we obtained false positive rates between 10−4 and 10−5 and an algorithm throughput of over 650 Mbit/s.
Automatic ROI identification for fast liver tumor segmentation using graph-cuts (2011)

The key challenge in tumor segmentation is to determine their exact location and volume. Difficulties arise because of low intensity boundaries, varying shapes and sizes. Furthermore, tumors can be located everywhere in the liver. Interactive segmentation methods seem to be the most appropriate in terms of reliability and robustness. In this work, we use a graph-cut based method to interactively segment tumors. However, complexity of the underlying graphs is enormous for clinical 3D datasets. We propose a method to identify automatically a region of interest using a coarse resolution image, which is then used to construct a reduced graph for final segmentation in the original image in full resolution. We compared our results to ground truth segmentations done by experts. Our results suggest that accuracy is comparable to other approaches. The average overlap was 80%, the average surface distance 0.73 mm and the average maximum surface distance 5.31 mm.rl
Kirchhoff’s loop law and the maximum entropy production principle (2004)

In contrast to the standard derivation of Kirchhoff's loop law, which invokes electric potential, we show, for the linear planar electric network in a stationary state at the fixed temperature, that loop law can be derived from the maximum entropy production principle. This means that the currents in network branches are distributed in such a way as to achieve the state of maximum entropy production.
Linear Frequency Modulation Derived Polyphase Pulse-Compression Codes and an Efficient Digital Implementation. (1981)

In previous publications, the authors introduced a new class of polyphase pulse-compression codes and techniques for use in digitally coded radars. Such codes and compressors can be employed to obtain much larger time-bandwidth products (pulse compression ratios) than are feasible with analog dispersive delay lines. It is the purpose of this report to extend this class to include two new codes, one of which is tolerant of precompression bandwidth limitation. These new phase codes are conceptually derived from a linear frequency modulation waveform (LFMW) and are more doppler tolerant than other phase codes derived from a step approximation to a LFMW. This report will also describe an efficient technique for implementing these new phase codes in a digital pulse-expander-compressor and will present performance data. It should be noted that these phase codes are designed to be used both on transmission and reception to insure that the receive filter matches the transmitted waveform independent of time differences between the leading edge of the echo and a sampling pulse, i.e., independent of target range. The two new phase codes will be called the P3 and P4 codes to distinguish them from the P1 and P2 codes. The P3 code is not precompression bandwidth limitation tolerant, but is much more doppler tolerant than the Frank or P1 and P2 codes. The P4 code is a rearranged P3 code with the same doppler tolerance and with better precompression bandwidth limitation tolerance.
<title>Acoustic sensor array extracts physiology during movement</title> (2001)

An acoustic sensor attached to a person's neck can extract heart and breath sounds, as well as voice and other physiology related to their health and performance. Soldiers, firefighters, law enforcement, and rescue personnel, as well as people at home or in health care facilities, can benefit form being remotely monitored. ARLs acoustic sensor, when worn around a person's neck, picks up the carotid artery and breath sounds very well by matching the sensor's acoustic impedance to that of the body via a gel pad, while airborne noise is minimized by an impedance mismatch. Although the physiological sounds have high SNR, the acoustic sensor also responds to motion-induced artifacts that obscure the meaningful physiology. To exacerbate signal extraction, these interfering signals are usually covariant with the heart sounds, in that as a person walks faster the heart tends to beat faster, and motion noises tend to contain low frequency component similar to the heart sounds. A noise-canceling configuration developed by ARL uses two acoustic sensor on the front sides of the neck as physiology sensors, and two additional acoustic sensor on the back sides of the neck as noise references. Breath and heart sounds, which occur with near symmetry and simultaneously at the two front sensor, will correlate well. The motion noise present on all four sensor will be used to cancel the noise on the two physiology sensors. This report will compare heart rate variability derived from both the acoustic array and from ECG data taken simultaneously on a treadmill test. Acoustically derived breath rate and volume approximations will be introduced as well. A miniature 3- axis accelerometer on the same neckband provides additional noise references to validate footfall and motion activity.
0.5-/spl mu/m bipolar technology using a new base formation method: SST1C (1993)

New super self-aligned process technology has been developed using a new method of shallow base formation and a 0.5-/spl mu/m self-aligned double polysilicon bipolar process. The method of base formation, which uses a diffusion source of this oxide implanted with BF/sub 2/ ions, can be easily used in combination with SST technology. Furthermore, the collector electrode is formed by trench-filled phosphorous-doped polysilicon, which reduces transistor area and collector resistance. Using this technology, a high cut-off frequency of 40.75 GHz at V/sub CE/ = 1 V, ECL gate delay time of 22.6 ps/G at 2.4 mA and 22.4-GHz static 8:1 diver have been obtained.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Benzoxazinoids from Roots of Coix lachryma-jobi var. Ma-yuen (1988)

The anti-inflammatory activities of six benzoxazinoids isolated from roots of Coix lachryma-jobi var. ma-yuen and structurally related synthetic materials were investigated by measurement of their inhibition of histamine release from rat mast cells stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) and sensitized with immunoglobulin E (reagin). Because the inhibition data for either Con A or IgE with these compounds were comparable, Con A can be used for rapid first-stage screening of active compounds. Four glycosides out of the eleven compounds investigated were not active. Other results showed that the free hydroxyl group at the 2-position in the benzoxazinone skeleton is important for the expression of inhibitory activity.
Reduced availability of endogenously synthesized methionine for S-adenosylmethionine formation in methionine-dependent cancer cells. (1982)

Methionine (Met) dependence--i.e., the inability of cultured cells to grow when Met is replaced by its immediate precursor homocysteine (Met-Hcy+ medium)--is a frequent component of the oncogenically transformed phenotype. Normal cells, on the other hand, grow in this medium. There have been reports [Hoffman, R. M. & Erbe, R. W. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 1523-1527; Hoffman, R. M., Jacobsen, S. J. & Erbe, R. W. (1978) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 82, 228-234] of normal or higher rats of Met biosynthesis in Met-dependent cells and a postulation that Met-dependent cells are deficient in utilization of endogenously synthesized Met as opposed to exogenously supplied Met. To answer the critical question of what biochemical reaction(s) requires preformed Met in Met-dependent cels, we labeled cells with Met-free [35S]Hcy or [35S]Met and determined the levels of Met, S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy). We report here experiments that demonstrate that Met-dependent cells synthesize a normal amount of endogenously synthesized Met and are deficient in utilizing this Met for AdoMet synthesis. In contrast, exogenously supplied Met is utilized normally for AdoMet biosynthesis. The ratio of AdoMet to AdoHcy is low in Met-dependent cells growing in Met-Hcy+ medium but is normal in Met+Hcy- medium. We determined that the low AdoMet/AdoHcy ratio probably limits growth of Met-dependent cells in Met-Hcy+ medium.
Topical L-Ascorbic Acid (2001)

BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species generated by ultraviolet light result in photocarcinogenic and photoaging changes in the skin. Antioxidants protect skin from these insults. OBJECTIVE This study defines formulation characteristics for delivering L-ascorbic acid into the skin to supplement the skin's natural antioxidant reservoir. METHODS L-ascorbic acid or its derivatives were applied to pig skin. Skin levels of L-ascorbic acid were measured to determine percutaneous delivery. RESULTS L-ascorbic acid must be formulated at pH levels less than 3.5 to enter the skin. Maximal concentration for optimal percutaneous absorption was 20%. Tissue levels were saturated after three daily applications; the half-life of tissue disappearance was about 4 days. Derivatives of ascorbic acid including magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl-6-palmitate, and dehydroascorbic acid did not increase skin levels of L-ascorbic acid. CONCLUSIONS Delivery of topical L-ascorbic acid into the skin is critically dependent on formulation characteristics.
Review of osmotic pressure driven release of proteins from monolithic devices. (2007)

Protein therapeutics are a rapidly growing drug class, with sales in 2004 in the area of $US 34 billion. They are presently administered primarily by injection, although there is increasing recognition that many proteins would benefit from long-term, localized delivery. Such delivery represents a significant challenge due principally to protein stability concerns. Polymeric delivery systems which rely on osmotic pressure driven drug release may prove to be an effective formulation approach. This paper reviews the evolution of osmotic pressure drug release from polymers, with an emphasis on their potential for protein delivery. It is concluded that osmotic pressure driven release is promising for protein delivery, but there is still a need for in vivo demonstration of protein stability and delivery efficacy.
Once is not enough: clinical trials in sepsis (2008)

In this issue of Intensive Care Medicine, the steering committee members of the PROWESS-Shock trial present a balanced discussion of the controversies surrounding recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) and the challenges intrinsic to designing an industry-sponsored trial [1]. The investigators have taken important steps to be transparent about financial conflicts of interest, to safeguard data monitoring and to ensure the validity of statistical analysis. The purpose of the upcoming PROWESS-Shock Trial is to prospectively test rhAPC in a high-risk septic population—those patients with vasopressor-dependent shock for C4 h. The need for this trial, years after the regulatory approval of rhAPC for a similar indication, is a cautionary tale that contains important lessons for health care providers who manage patients with sepsis, the pharmaceutical industry and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The following is an excerpt from a letter written to Dr. Jay P. Siegel, Director of the Office of Therapeutics Research and Review, FDA, on 22 October 2001 by four of the ten dissenting members of the FDA advisory panel that considered the safety and efficacy of rhAPC (Personal communication, Suffredini A for the authors, Cross AE, Munford R, Suffredini A, Warren S):
Studies on the structure and stereochemistry of cytotoxic furanonaphthoquinones from Tabebuia impetiginosa: 5- and 8-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-diones (1991)

Chemical investigation of the bark of Tabebuia impetiginosa(Bignoniaceae) afforded cytotosic furanonaphthoquinones, including 5-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4.9 dione and its 8-hydroxy isomer. The position of the phenolic group in these two compounds was established by X-ray crystallography. The furanonaphthoquinones were found to be mixtures of both enantiomers in diffferent proportions, i.e., (for the 5-hydroxyisomer)R:S1:23 and (for the 8-hydroxy isomer)R:S 3:1. The synthesis of the racemic naphthofurans, their optical resolution into enantiomerically pure forms, and the determination of their absolute stereochemistry are described. The structure of kigelinone was also established to be that of the 5-hydroxy isomer, not the 8-hydroxy one, through this study.
Endoscopic posterior nasal neurectomy: an alternative to Vidian neurectomy (2009)

Summary Although Vidian neurectomy is very effective as a means of alleviating symptoms of chronic rhinitis (allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis), it is presently seldom used because of a high incidence of complications such as disturbed lacrimal secretion and sensory disorders of the cheek and gum. In 1997, Kikawada succeeded in endoscopically cutting the posterior nasal nerve (a ramus of the Vidian nerve) at the level of the sphenopalatine foramen under clear vision. This technique has since been improved into one that allows safe and rapid completion of the operation using a bipolar device. This new technique of endoscopic posterior nasal neurectomy with a bipolar device will be presented in this paper.
Inter-Vehicle-Communications - Based on Ad Hoc Networking Principles : The FleetNet Project (2005)

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) represent an emerging topic in wireless communication and networking. VANETs are currently receiving a lot of attention due to their promise of considerably increasing safety and comfort while being on the road. High mobility, adverse channel conditions, and market introduction are some of the key challenges one has to deal with when designing these spontaneous networks. Inter-Vehicle-Communications Based on Ad Hoc Networking Principles covers results and achievements of the FleetNet project, a project devoted to the design of a vehicular ad hoc network.
Liposomes and Micelles to Target the Blood Pool for Imaging Purposes (2000)

The blood pool is among body compartments of a special interest for imaging using magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT), since with the help of selective blood-pool contrast agents blood perfusion and various cardiac parameters as well as a status of the blood flow and vascular system in any organ can be evaluated. Blood pool-specific imaging agents can also provide minimally invasive angiography, image guidance of minimally invasive procedures, oncologic imaging of angiogenesis, ascertaining organ blood volume, and identifying hemorrhage. Particulate contrast agents (such as liposomes and micelles) whose distribution is limited to the blood pool, should have a size larger than fenestrated capillaries (> 10 nm), contain the reporter (paramagnetic or radiopaque) moiety structurally incorporated within the particulate, and be able to stay in the blood long enough to obtain clinically useful images. We describe here a new generation of long-circulating Gd-loaded liposomes and iodine-loaded micelles to provide an efficient blood pool MR and CT imaging, respectively. In this study, we developed the optimized protocol to prepare a liposomal MR contrast agent with high relaxivity and narrow size distribution. Liposomes were loaded with Gadolinium (Gd) via so called polychelating amphiphilic polymer (PAP) that represents a low-molecular-weight DTPA-polylysine linked via its N-terminus to a lipid anchor, NGPE-PE. Gd-containing liposomes were additionally modified with PEG to provide the longevity in vivo. We demonstrated also that upon the intravenous administration in rabbits and dogs, a new preparation causes prolonged decrease in the blood Tl value, permits to obtain sharp and clear MR images of the vasculature, and may be considered as a potential contrast agent for MRI of the blood pool. In addition, to prepare micellar contrast agents for CT blood-pool imaging, we synthesized an iodine-containing amphiphilic block-copolymer consisting of methoxypoly(ethyleneglycol) and polylϵ,N-(triiodobenzoyl)]-L-lysine. In aqueous solutions, it forms stable micelles with an average diameter of 80 nm and an iodine content of 35–40% wt. Iodine-containing micelles were intravenously injected into rats and rabbits at a dose of 170 mg I/kg and produced significant and sustained enhancement of the blood pool (aorta and heart), liver and spleen for a period of at least 3 hours providing clear and informative CT images.
Recent Progress in Phosphorescent Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2004)

Blue phosphorescence and white phosphorescence from organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on phosphorescent iridium complexes are discussed. To improve emission efficiency, 4,4'-Bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2'-Dimethyl-biphenyl (CDBP), which has a high triplet energy, was used as the carrier-transporting host for the emissive layer. The blue phosphorescent OLED exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.4%, which corresponds to a current efficiency of 20.4 cd/A. This result can be explained as due to the efficient confinement of triplet energy on blue phosphorescent molecules, which is consistent with the results of transient photoluminescence experiments. The white phosphorescent OLED with greenish-blue and red emissive layers exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12% and a luminous efficiency of 18 cd/A. This is primarily attributed to improved greenish-blue emission efficiency as well as the emission efficiency of the blue phosphorescent OLED.