gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting p53 via JNK Pathway: A Novel Role of RITA for Apoptotic Signaling in Multiple Myeloma (2012)

The low frequency of p53 alterations e.g., mutations/deletions (∼10%) in multiple myeloma (MM) makes this tumor type an ideal candidate for p53-targeted therapies. RITA is a small molecule which can induce apoptosis in tumor cells by activating the p53 pathway. We previously showed that RITA strongly activates p53 while selectively inhibiting growth of MM cells without inducing genotoxicity, indicating its potential as a drug lead for p53-targeted therapy in MM. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-apoptotic effect of RITA are largely undefined. Gene expression analysis by microarray identified a significant number of differentially expressed genes associated with stress response including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. By Western blot analysis we further confirmed that RITA induced activation of p53 in conjunction with up-regulation of phosphorylated ASK-1, MKK-4 and c-Jun. These results suggest that RITA induced the activation of JNK signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed that activated c-Jun binds to the activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding site of the p53 promoter region. Disruption of the JNK signal pathway by small interfering RNA (siRNA) against JNK or JNK specific inhibitor, SP-600125 inhibited the activation of p53 and attenuated apoptosis induced by RITA in myeloma cells carrying wild type p53. On the other hand, p53 transcriptional inhibitor, PFT-α or p53 siRNA not only inhibited the activation of p53 transcriptional targets but also blocked the activation of c-Jun suggesting the presence of a positive feedback loop between p53 and JNK. In addition, RITA in combination with dexamethasone, known as a JNK activator, displays synergistic cytotoxic responses in MM cell lines and patient samples. Our study unveils a previously undescribed mechanism of RITA-induced p53-mediated apoptosis through JNK signaling pathway and provides the rationale for combination of p53 activating drugs with JNK activators in the treatment of MM.
Leaky-Wave Antennas (2012)

This paper gives a basic review and a summary of recent developments for leaky-wave antennas (LWAs). An LWA uses a guiding structure that supports wave propagation along the length of the structure, with the wave radiating or “leaking” continuously along the structure. Such antennas may be uniform, quasi-uniform, or periodic. After reviewing the basic physics and operating principles, a summary of some recent advances for these types of structures is given. Recent advances include structures that can scan to endfire, structures that can scan through broadside, structures that are conformal to surfaces, and structures that incorporate power recycling or include active elements. Some of these novel structures are inspired by recent advances in the metamaterials area.
Vascular endothelial growth factor‐C expression correlates with lymph node localization of human melanoma metastases (2003)

The findings of the current study demonstrate that VEGF-C expression is correlated with localization of melanoma metastases in the lymph nodes and suggest that VEGF-C expression in primary skin melanoma may be predictive of lymph node metastatic dissemination.
Metabolism and Mechanism of Action of Vitamin D (1976)

President Roosevelt will only withdraw Dr. Crum's appointment if he becomes convinced that he "cannot stand for his nomination."
THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF GLUTAMATE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS IN THE RETINA AND THE BRAIN (1982)

This paper has reviewed information pertaining to an interesting group of amino acids--glutamate, aspartate, and certain of their structural analogs, some of which are neurotransmitter candidates, and all of which have both neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic activities. Evidence for the excitotoxic concept, which holds that an excitatory and possibly synapse-related mechanism underlies the neurotoxicity of these compounds, is presented. Unlike a number of environmental neurotoxicants which induce toxic changes primarily in axons, these agents attack the dendrosomal portions of the neuron, which has led to their use as "axon-sparing" lesioning agents. When administered either systemically or by direct microinjection into the CNS, they delete intrinsic neurons from infiltrated regions without disturbing axons that are passing through or terminating therein. They are potentially useful tools, therefore, for studying anatomical pathways and structure-function relations in the CNS. The basis for their use as systemic investigational tools--that they have access from blood to the retina and specialized regions of brain, the circumventricular organs--is also the basis for considering them potentially hazardous for use as food additives or drugs. Ways in which the consumer may be exposed to these agents are considered and relevant mechanisms of risk are discussed.
Production of Ethane, Ethylene, and Acetylene from Halogenated Hydrocarbons by Methanogenic Bacteria (1987)

Several methanogenic bacteria were shown to produce ethane, ethylene, and acetylene when exposed to the halogenated hydrocarbons bromoethane, dibromo- or dichloroethane, and 1,2-dibromoethylene, respectively. They also produced ethylene when exposed to the coenzyme M analog and specific methanogenic inhibitor bromoethanesulfonic acid. The production of these gases from halogenated hydrocarbons has a variety of implications concerning microbial ecology, agriculture, and toxic waste treatment. All halogenated aliphatic compounds tested were inhibitory to methanogens. Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus, Methanococcus deltae, and Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum DeltaH and Marburg were completely inhibited by 7 muM 1,2-dibromoethane and, to various degrees, by 51 to 1,084 muM 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dibromoethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene, and trichloroethylene. In general, the brominated compounds were more inhibitory. The two Methanococcus species were fully inhibited by 1 muM bromoethanesulfonic acid, whereas both Methanobacterium strains were only partly inhibited by 2,124 muM. Coenzyme M protected cells from bromoethanesulfonic acid but not from any of the other inhibitors.
Natural RAFT Polymerization: Recyclable-Catalyst-Aided, Opened-to-Air, and Sunlight-Photolyzed RAFT Polymerizations (2016)

The successful sunlight-photolyzed reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) photopolymerization can be reversibly activated and deactivated by irradiation with sunlight in the absence of photocatalyst and photoinitiator. In the present work, the thiocarbonylthio compounds (dithiobenzoate, trithiocarbonate, and xanthate) can all be employed to carry out the polymerization under sunlight irradiation acting as an initiator, chain transfer agent, and termination agent. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the recyclable-catalyst-aided, opened-to-air, and sunlight-photolyzed RAFT (ROS-RAFT) polymerizations can be successfully carried out to fabricate precise and predictable polymers in the presence of the recyclable magnetic semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs). The oxygen tolerance is likely attributed to a specific interaction between NPs and oxygen.
Inhibition of EGFR/PI3K/AKT cell survival pathway promotes TSA's effect on cell death and migration in human ovarian cancer cells (2006)

Trichostatin A (TSA), a hydroxamate-type inhibitor of mammalian histone deacetylases, is emerging as one of a potentially new class of anticancer agents. TSA is known to act by promoting the acetylation of histones, leading to uncoiling of chromatin and activation of a variety of genes implicated in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition, there is an increasing appreciation of the fact that TSA may act through mechanisms other than induction of histone acetylation. Accumulated experimental data indicate that TSA activates phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling. Using human ovarian cancer cell line Caov3 cells, we observed that TSA induced cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner and also inhibited cell migration. TSA transiently activated EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and AKT activation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which had been inhibited by EGFR inhibitor PD153035 and PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002. We also observed that TSA transiently induced survivin expression that had been inhibited by PD153035 and LY294002, suggesting that TSA-induced survivin expression is mediated by EGFR/PI3 kinase pathway. Combination of EGFR inhibitor 153035 or PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 with TSA enhanced TSA-induced cell death and TSA reduction of cell migration. Collectively, our data demonstrate that TSA transiently activated EGFR/PI3K/AKT cell survival pathway, leading to expression of survivin. Inhibition of this pathway enhanced TSA-induced cell death and inhibited cell migration. Our data suggest that combination of EGFR/PI3K/AKT cell survival pathway inhibitors with TSA be a better approach to ovarian cancer treatment.
Improved method for estimating water solubility from octanol/water partition coefficient (1996)

Abstract Water solubility is a critical property in risk assessments for chemicals, but measured values are often unavailable. The most practical approach to estimating solubility for diverse and complex structures involves regression against the logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow). However, currently used equations were developed from relatively small training sets (200–300 compounds). Our objective was to upgrade log Kov-based methods by examining a much larger and diverse training set and, if possible, to improve estimation accuracy further by incorporating a series of simple correction factors. We also evaluated the contributions of melting temperature (Tm) and molecular weight (MW). Measured values of water solubility, log Kow and Tm (solids only) were available for all compounds in the training set (n = 1,450). The best equation for this dataset included log Kow, Tm, MW, and 12 correction factors as independent variables, with r2 = 0.970, SD = 0.409, ME = 0.313. Statistics for an independent validation set of 817 compounds were consistent with these results: r2 = 0.902, SD = 0.615, ME = 0.480. We found that Tm contributed significantly to estimation accuracy for solids; addition of MW also increased accuracy; measured values of log Kow and Tm produced more accurate solubility estimates than did estimated values; and the new method outperformed other widely used general-purpose equations based on log Kow.
The Syk Inhibitor Fostamatinib Decreases the Severity of Colonic Mucosal Damage in a Rodent Model of Colitis (2015)

Background and aims: Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal system. In some cases, current medications used for inflammatory bowel disease may not be enough for remission, creating a need for more potent and reliable medications. There is no study showing the efficacy of fostamatinib, with proven effects on some inflammatory diseases, on ulcerative colitis. In our study we planned to research the efficacy of fostamatinib, a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on acetic acid-induced colitis.
Low residual reflectivity of angled-facet semiconductor laser amplifiers (1990)

Ridge-waveguide angled-facet semiconductor laser amplifiers for the 1.5 mu m band have been fabricated with facet angles of 7 degrees and 10 degrees . Gain measurements performed with a stable, computer-controlled setup have revealed gain ripples as low as 0.025 dB at 22 dB gain for a 10 degrees device. This corresponds to a residual reflectivity of 1*10/sup -5/. Results demonstrate that the residual reflectivity of angled devices with one-layer antireflection coatings can be as low as that for normal facet devices with highly controlled double-layer antireflection coatings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Same Chemotherapy Regimen Leads to Different Myelotoxicity in Different Malignancies (2013)

Carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy combination is the standard first-line treatment of advanced ovarian cancer and is the most commonly used treatment combination shown to be effective in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The most important dose-limiting side effect is hematologic toxicity. In this study, the severity of treatment-related myelotoxicity is compared in patients with advanced ovarian and lung cancers who received same schedule of carboplatin-paclitaxel. The study was prospectively performed from February 2009 to July 2011 and involved 103 patients with stages Ic-IV ovarian (n = 51) and advanced NSCLC (n = 52) who were administered a maximum of 6 cycles of carboplatin-paclitaxel as a first-line treatment. Full blood counts were measured before treatment, before each chemotherapy cycle during therapy, and at the first and sixth month after therapy. The median ages were 59 years (range, 35-77 years) for patients with NSCLC and 56 years (range, 38-75 years) for patients with ovarian cancer. The frequencies of anemia were 17% and 28.6% before the initiation of chemotherapy, 39.2% and 68.0% at the third cycle of treatment, and 44.2% and 45.2% at the sixth cycle of treatment in patients with NSCLC and ovarian cancer, respectively. Initial leukopenia rates were 3.4% and 0%; at the third cycle 46.0% and 41.2%; and at the sixth cycle 41.9% and 48.8% in patients with NSCLC and ovarian cancer, respectively. At the third cycle, 2.5% of the patients with NSCLC and 10.4% of the patients with ovarian cancer had thrombocytopenia, and at the sixth cycle, 23.3% of the patients with NSCLC and 25% of the patients with ovarian cancer had thrombocytopenia. Hemoglobin, leukocyte, and platelet values at the third cycle were significantly lower than those at admission in both cancer groups. Declines in hemoglobin levels in patients with NSCLC and in platelets in patients with ovarian cancer at the sixth cycle were statistically significant compared with the third cycle. In conclusion, the same schedule of chemotherapy may lead to different myelotoxicities in different types of cancer. These results should be taken into consideration in terms of supportive care and management of toxicity.
High power linearized RF phase shifter using anti-series diodes (2006)

We present the design and development of a new reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS) that uses anti-series diodes to achieve high linear output power. Using this topology, the PS provides a continuous phase shift of 180/spl deg/ at 1.88GHz. The measured 1-dB compressed RF output power (P/sub 1 dB/) available from the PS is greater than 28dBm over the entire phase-control range.
Research and developments in thin-film silicon photovoltaics (2009)

The increasing demand for photovoltaic devices and the associated crystalline silicon feedstock demand scenario have led in the past years to the fast growth of the thin film silicon industry. The high potential for cost reduction and the suitability for building integration have initiated both industrial and research laboratories dynamisms for amorphous silicon and micro-crystalline silicon based photovoltaic technologies. The recent progress towards higher efficiencies thin film silicon solar cells obtained at the IMT-EPFL in Neuchatel in small-area laboratory and semi-large-area industrial Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PE-CVD) systems are reviewed. Advanced light trapping schemes are fundamental to reach high conversion efficiency and the potential of advanced Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCO) is presented, together with issues associated to the impact of the substrate morphology onto the growth of the silicon films. The recent improvements realized in amorphous-microcrystalline tandem solar cells on glass substrate are then presented, and the latest results on 1 cm<sup>2</sup> cells are reported with up to 13.3 % initial efficiency for small-area reactors and up to 12.3 % initial for large-area industrial reactors. Finally, the different strategies to reach an improved light confinement in a thin film solar cell deposited on a flexible substrate are discussed, with the incorporation of asymmetric intermediate reflectors. Results of micromorph solar cells in the n-i-p configuration with up to 9.8 % stabilized efficiency are reported.
The Structure of α-Nitro Ketones (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure of α-Nitro KetonesTodd Simmons, Richard F. Love, and Kenneth L. KreuzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 7, 2400–2401Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01345a511https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01345a511research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of Non-Nucleoside DNA Synthesis Inhibitors of Vaccinia Virus by High-Throughput Screening (2008)

Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, is a potential bioweapon. The development of new antiviral compounds for smallpox prophylaxis and treatment is critical, especially because the virus can acquire resistance to the drugs that are currently available. We have identified novel small chemical inhibitors that target DNA synthesis of vaccinia, the prototypical poxvirus. Robotic high-throughput screening of 49663 compounds and follow-up studies identified very potent inhibitors of vaccinia DNA synthesis, with IC 50 values as low as 0.5 microM. Cell-based assays showed that 16 inhibitors effectively blocked vaccinia infection with minimal cytotoxicity. Three inhibitors had selectivity indexes that approximate that of cidofovir. These new non-nucleoside inhibitors are expected to interfere with components of the vaccinia DNA synthesis apparatus that are distinct from cidofovir. On the basis of the high sequence similarity between the proteins of vaccinia and variola viruses, these new inhibitors are anticipated to be equally effective against smallpox.
Radiofrequency Treatment for Middle and Lower Face Laxity (2004)

Two RF treatments yielded significantly better improvement than a single treatment in the nasolabial folds. Significant improvement in laxity after treatment was seen between the 1- and 4-month follow-up visits in both single- and 2-treatment groups. Although overall improvements were modest in both groups, patient satisfaction was relatively high.
Bacteriophage Ecology: Population Growth, Evolution, and Impact of Bacterial Viruses (2008)

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect bacteria and are believed to be the most abundant and genetically diverse organisms on Earth. As such, their ecology is vast both in quantitative and qualitative terms. Their abundance makes an understanding of phage ecology increasingly relevant to bacterial ecosystem ecology, bacterial genomics and bacterial pathology. Abedon provides the first text on phage ecology for almost 20 years. Written by leading experts, synthesizing the three key approaches to studying phage ecology, namely studying them in natural environments (in situ), experimentally in the lab, or theoretically using mathematical or computer models. With strong emphasis on microbial population biology and distilling cutting-edge research into basic principles, this book will complement other currently available volumes. It will therefore serve as an essential resource for graduate students and researchers, particularly those with an interest in phage ecology and evolutionary biology
A CubeSat Constellation to Investigate the Atmospheric Drag Environment (2010)

Although interventional therapy for chronic spinal pain continues to be popular among patients and providers, the scientific evidence supporting these techniques has lagged behind their presence in the market. This article collates both classic and more recent experimental results involved in the interventional assessment and treatment of chronic spinal pain, and presents key findings for physicians. Although much of the body of evidence is either unsupportive or inconclusive, there are some definitive findings involving each technique that can help shape rational practice. As interventional pain medicine seeks to become a more validated specialty, introspection and advancing science will be key to this development.
Deracemization of Secondary Alcohols through a Concurrent Tandem Biocatalytic Oxidation and Reduction (2007)

Breaking the mirror: A purified alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) for stereoselective reduction and whole cells of a microorganism for enantioselective oxidation operated concurrently to effect the stereoinversion of one enantiomer of a racemic secondary alcohol and provide the optically pure alcohol in >99 % yield (see scheme). R,R′=alkyl.
Transgenic Hybrid Poplar for Sustainable and Scalable Production of the Commodity/Specialty Chemical, 2-Phenylethanol (2013)

Fast growing hybrid poplar offers the means for sustainable production of specialty and commodity chemicals, in addition to rapid biomass production for lignocellulosic deconstruction. Herein we describe transformation of fast-growing transgenic hybrid poplar lines to produce 2-phenylethanol, this being an important fragrance, flavor, aroma, and commodity chemical. It is also readily converted into styrene or ethyl benzene, the latter being an important commodity aviation fuel component. Introducing this biochemical pathway into hybrid poplars marks the beginnings of developing a platform for a sustainable chemical delivery system to afford this and other valuable specialty/commodity chemicals at the scale and cost needed. These modified plant lines mainly sequester 2-phenylethanol via carbohydrate and other covalently linked derivatives, thereby providing an additional advantage of effective storage until needed. The future potential of this technology is discussed. MALDI metabolite tissue imaging also established localization of these metabolites in the leaf vasculature.
Analytic extensions of differentiable functions defined in closed sets (1934)

A continuous extension the author has not seen in the literature may be given as follows; we assume for simplicity that A is bounded.Let h(r) (räO) be a continuous and monotone increasing function such that A(0)=0, and if x and y are any two points of A whose distance apart is rxv, then \f(x) -f(y) \úh(rxv).For any points x of E and y of A, set B(x, y)=f(y)-h(rxi); then if x is in .4,B(x,y)^f(x).The continuous extension of f(x) is,F(x), which at each point x of £ equals the maximum of H(x, y) as y varies over A. 63