gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PATHOPHISIOLOGY OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE AND NEW DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT (2009)

A homozygous mutation in the gene for β globin, a subunit of adult hemoglobin A (HbA), is the proximate cause of sickle cell disease (SCD). Sickle hemoglobin (HbS) shows peculiar biochemical properties, which lead to polymerizing when deoxygenated. HbS polymerization is associated with a reduction in cell ion and water content (cell dehydration), increased red cell density which further accelerate HbS polymerization. Dense, dehydrated erythrocytes are likely to undergo instant polymerization in conditions of mild hypoxia due to their high HbS concentration, and HbS polymers may be formed under normal oxygen pressure. Pathophysiological studies have shown that the dense, dehydrated red cells may play a central role in acute and chronic clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease, in which intravascular sickling in capillaries and small vessels leads to vaso-occlusion and impaired blood flow in a variety of organs and tissue. The persistent membrane damage associated with HbS polymerization also favors the generation of distorted rigid cells and further contributes to vaso-occlusive crisis (VOCs) and cell destruction in the peripheral circulation. These damaged, dense sickle red cells also show a loss of phospholipid asymmetry with externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), which is believed to play a significant role in promoting macrophage recognition with removal of erythrocytes (erythrophagocytosis). Vaso-occlusive events in the microcirculation result from a complex scenario involving the interactions between different cell types, including dense, dehydrated sickle cells, reticulocytes, abnormally activated endothelial cells, leukocytes, platelets and plasma factors such as cytokine and oxidized pro-inflammatory lipids. Hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea) is currently the only drug approved for chronic administration in adult patients with sickle cell disease to prevent acute painful crises and reduce the incidence of transfusion and acute chest crises. Here, we will focus on consolidated and experimental therapeutic strategies for the treatment of sickle cell disease, including: agents which reduce or prevent sickle cell dehydrationagents which reduce sickle cell-endothelial adhesive eventsnitric oxide (NO) or NO-related compoundsanti-oxidant agentsCorrection of the abnormalities ranging from membrane cation transport pathways to red cell-endothelial adhesive events, might constitute new pharmacological targets for treating sickle cell disease.
Lactococcin 972, a bacteriocin that inhibits septum formation in lactococci (2000)

Addition of lactococcin 972 to exponentially growing sensitive cultures of Lactococcus lactis resulted in cell elongation and widening. Thin sections revealed that septum invagination was blocked. Cell growth progressed until most cells showed equatorial constriction and even initial deposition of material at the septum ring, although cell division did not proceed any further. The increase in the incorporation of labelled precursors into the cell wall shifted from an exponential to a linear mode in treated cultures, subsequently being arrested. Gross degeneration of the cells was observed prior to cell death, followed by slow lysis of the culture. In contrast, stationary-phase cultures remained unaffected.
Hemorrhagic disease and thrombosis : advances in diagnosis and medical treatment.1.Fundamental matters for diagnosis.2.Platelet funtional test and problems. (1991)

従来の量的異常(血小板減少症)に加えて,血小板機能検査の一般化により,機能低下および機能亢進の検出が容易に行われている.しかし,数の算定と異なり,機能検査の標準化は出血時間を含め未だ不十分で,種々の問題点を抱えたまま施行されている現状である.それらの問題点を認識した上で検査を施行し,その成績を解釈することが重要である.
Low-Band-Gap Conjugated Polymers Based on Thiophene, Benzothiadiazole, and Benzobis(thiadiazole) (2006)

A series of low-band-gap copolymers of thiophene, benzothiadiazole, and benzobis(thiadiazole) were synthesized. The polymers were synthesized by Stille cross-coupling polymerization of distannylalkylthiophenes and dithiophenes with dibromo derivatives of benzothiadiazoles and benzobis(thiadiazole)s. The polymers were characterized using NMR, UV−vis, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The molecular weight, solubility, and film-forming ability were highly dependent on the choice of side chains. 3,7,11-Trimethyldodecyl side chains were found to give polymer products with high molecular weight, good film-forming ability, and good solubility. Band gaps were estimated from UV−vis to be 2.1−1.7 eV for polymers based on benzothiadiazole and ∼0.7 eV for polymers based on benzobis(thiadiazole). The band gap and electronic structure of the polymers were determined by a combination of UV−vis spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS).
Noninvasive Characterization of Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules Detected on Chest High-Resolution Computed Tomography (2016)

Abstract : Purpose: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. Results from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), a large randomized controlled trial, suggest that screening with annual low-dose, high-resolution computed tomography of the chest (HRCT) reduces lung cancer specific mortality by 20 . The major challenge for the implementation of lung cancer screening is the high false positive rate. In the NLST, 40 of the participants in the HRCT were found to have lung nodules, 95 of which proved benign. This high false positive rate limits the applicability of this strategy at the population level, and could result in increased patient anxiety, radiation exposure, health care costs, and procedural morbidity and mortality. Our work aims at identifying HRCT-based and clinical variables to derive a model which will non-invasively distinguish benign from malignant nodules.
An Overview of Carpet Laminates (1996)

Carpet Laminating is a process that has progressed from "Black Magic" to a science over the last thirty years. What is this strange science and what are the principles that govern it? This paper will try to answer these questions. Recently there has been a great interest in VOC emissions from carpet that has resulted in a renewed awareness of carpet backcoatings. This presentation will focus on five topics that directly relate to SBR Latex and Carpet Laminating: Market, SBR Latex Manufacture, Carpet Laminating, Carpet Emissions, and Market.
Development of Three-Dimensional DRAGON Grid Technology (1999)

For a typical three dimensional flow in a practical engineering device, the time spent in grid generation can take 70 percent of the total analysis effort, resulting in a serious bottleneck in the design/analysis cycle. The present research attempts to develop a procedure that can considerably reduce the grid generation effort. The DRAGON grid, as a hybrid grid, is created by means of a Direct Replacement of Arbitrary Grid Overlapping by Nonstructured grid. The DRAGON grid scheme is an adaptation to the Chimera thinking. The Chimera grid is a composite structured grid, composing a set of overlapped structured grids, which are independently generated and body-fitted. The grid is of high quality and amenable for efficient solution schemes. However, the interpolation used in the overlapped region between grids introduces error, especially when a sharp-gradient region is encountered. The DRAGON grid scheme is capable of completely eliminating the interpolation and preserving the conservation property. It maximizes the advantages of the Chimera scheme and adapts the strengths of the unstructured and while at the same time keeping its weaknesses minimal. In the present paper, we describe the progress towards extending the DRAGON grid technology into three dimensions. Essential and programming aspects of the extension, and new challenges for the three-dimensional cases, are addressed.
A new decoding algorithm for hidden Markov models improves the prediction of the topology of all-beta membrane proteins (2005)

We show that PV decoding performs better than other algorithms when tested on the problem of the prediction of the topology of beta-barrel membrane proteins.
초내열합금 Mar - M247LC 에서 γ＇ 크기와 크리프 특성에 관한 연구 (1995)

Creep properties of Ni-base Mar-M247LC superalloy were investigated in the temperature range 760-980℃ as a function of the γ′ particle size. The particle size is shown to have a spectacular effect both on the creep behavior and stress rupture life in relation to the micro mechanism of plastic deformation. At the creep condition of 760℃-650MPa, the large γ′ size of 1.0㎛ results in optimum creep strength and rupture life of 150hrs. At higher temperatures, 870℃ and 980℃, the γ′ sizes which can improve on creep strength and life decrease to 0.5㎛ at 870-380MPa and 0.3㎛ at 980㎛-180MPa. The dislocation behavior of plastic deformation is related to the γ′ size and rupture life. In the large precipitates, the deformation occurred by homogeneous multiple slip in matrix leads rapidly to the formation of dense dislocation networks at the γ/γ′ interfaces and decreases the creep rate. Reducing the γ′ size promotes the heterogeneous deformation by shearing γ′ and leads to short rupture life.
Role of tissue transglutaminase 2 in the acquisition of a mesenchymal-like phenotype in highly invasive A431 tumor cells (2011)

This study reveals that TG2 acts, at least in part, through activation of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling systems, which then induce the key mediators Snail and MMP-9 that facilitate the attainment of a mesenchymal phenotype. These findings support the possibility that TG2 is a promising target for cancer therapy.
Kinetics of the siloxyvinylcyclopropane rearrangement using a micro stirred flow reactor (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the siloxyvinylcyclopropane rearrangement using a micro stirred flow reactorBarry M. Trost and Paul H. ScudderCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 3, 506–509Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00316a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00316a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Complex Formation of Collagen Model Peptides with Polyelectrolytes and Stabilization of the Triple Helical Structure (2011)

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were made for three collagen model peptides, H–(Gly-Pro-4-(R)-Hyp)9–OH, H–(Pro-4-(R)-Hyp-Gly)9–OH, and H–(Gly-4-(R)-Hyp-4-(R)-Hyp)9–OH with or without sodium polyacrylate (NaPAA) in 20 mM and 100 mM aqueous NaCl at 15 and 75 °C. At 15 °C, almost all triple helical peptides form a complex with NaPAA when the molar ratio of acrylic acid unit to peptide molecules is larger than 10 whereas they are molecularly dispersed at 75 °C. Furthermore, the attached triple helices appreciably extend the main chain of NaPAA, and the radius of gyration for the complex is at most twice larger than the single NaPAA chain. Circular dichroism measurements demonstrated that the complexation noticeably stabilizes the triple helical structure and the melting midpoint temperature Tm is 2–10 °C higher than that for the solution without NaPAA. This stabilization was also observed for negatively charged sodium carboxymethylamylose and sodium hyaluronate as well as for positively charged poly(vinyl ammonium) chloride, but no appreciable stabilization of the triple helical structure by the polyelectrolytes was observed for an end-capped peptide Ac–(Gly-Pro-4-(R)-Hyp)9-NH2. These results indicate that the complex formation is due to the electrostatic attraction between polyelectrolytes and the opposite charges at the end of uncapped triple helical peptides.
Isolation and characterization of a proteolytic enzyme from the adult hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. (1985)

The adult hookworm Ancylostoma caninum releases a proteolytic enzyme which is thought to be essential for its adaption to parasitism. The protease was purified from parasite extracts by ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified enzyme exhibited a molecular weight of 37,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had an NH2-terminal sequence of Arg-His-His-Gln-Pro-Lys-Val-Ala-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ala-His-Gly-Gly-Ile. Using 125I-fibrin as substrate, the enzyme displayed optimal activity at pH 9-11 and was inactivated by dialysis against EDTA. The enzyme degraded [3H]elastin and both elastin and trypsin-labile glycoproteins in a rat vascular smooth muscle extracellular matrix. Antiserum raised to the protease in rabbits cross-reacted with extracts from the infective larval stage of A. caninum, suggesting that the production of the enzyme begins in an earlier developmental stage of the parasite life cycle. The role of the protease in the histolytic and anticlotting processes of the hookworm and its importance in immunity to ancylostomiasis is discussed.
Time-domain estimation of unambiguous Doppler frequency in low and medium PRF radars (1983)

Rader [3] described an algorithm to estimate the period of undersampled periodic signal. We extend this method to estimate ambiguous Doppler frequency in low and medium pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) radars. Multiple PRF's are employed to resolve the ambiguity. The proposed method results in a constant false alarm rate detector. The performance of the algorithm in the presence of noise is presented. It is shown that in association with another detector, the proposed method resolves the Doppler ambiguity with good accuracy even at low signal-to-noise ratios. Finally, the method is a time-domain approach and does not require any spectral analyser to estimate the frequency.
A fuzzy-decision-based routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

A fuzzy-decision-based protocol developed on top of the classical dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol is proposed with support for prioritised service differentiated packet routing and treats all input routing metrics more fairly. The proposed enhanced fuzzy-DSR protocol (EFDSR) supports priority differentiation through its fuzzy engine intake of three routing metrics and improves overall network performance through a special "link state predictive dynamic routing" (LSPDR) technique.
A Biomechanical Model of the Upper Airways for Simulating Laryngoscopy (2001)

This paper describes a three-dimensional finite element model of the human upper airways during rigid laryngoscopy. In this procedure, an anaesthetist uses a rigid blade to displace and compress the tongue of the patient, and then inserts a tube into the larynx to allow controlled ventilation of the lungs during an operation. A realistic model of the main biomechanical aspects involved would help anaesthetists in training and in predicting difficult cases in advance. For this purpose, the finite element method was used to model structures such as the tongue, ligaments, larynx, vocal cords, bony landmarks, laryngoscope blade, and their inter-relationships, based on data extracted from X-ray, MRI, and photographic records. The model has been used to investigate how the tongue tissue behaves in response to the insertion of the laryngoscope blade, when it is subjected to a variety of loading conditions. In particular, the mechanical behaviour of the soft tissue of the tongue was simulated, from simple linear elastic material to complex non-linear viscoelastic material. The results show that, within a specific set of tongue material parameters, the simulated outcome can be successfully related to the view of the vocal cords achieved during real laryngoscopies on normal subjects, and on artificially induced difficult laryngoscopy, created by extending the upper incisors teeth experimentally.
Modified re-configurable quadrature balanced power amplifiers for half and full duplex RF front ends (2018)

An RF front-end (RFFE) architecture for dual-mode half and full duplex operation, employing a modified quadrature balanced power amplifier (QBPA), is proposed, where the receive channel is connected to the QBPA transmit isolated output. In this RFFE, the receive signal is reconstructed from inherent output reflections of the two internal power amplifiers employed in the modified QBPA. Re-configurable transmit signal isolation at the receive port enables safe LNA operation at half-duplex and relaxed RF self-interference cancellation (SIC) requirements for full-duplex operation. The S-parameter signal flow diagram of the proposed RFFE is described and analyzed, yielding transmit-receive transfer functions of interest in the presence of antenna back-reflected transmit signal. Transmit-receive isolation compensation for antenna reflections is analytically derived. Circuit simulations of the proposed topology verify the model and theoretical analysis.
Design concept of a system for developing application-dependent user interface (2002)

The authors describe a novel approach to a user interface management system (UIMS), which does not need much programming effort constructing graphical user interfaces. Using a conventional UIMS, designers can develop a graphical user interface by combination of user-interface parts such as menus or meters. But in this approach, a variety of user-interface parts are needed to build a graphical user interface customized for a particular application, and it is also difficult to prepare all parts types beforehand. The authors extend the UIMS concept by which a designer can build a graphical user interface for a particular application without any programming. Its main points are: (1) not only using the parts, but drawing a picture for display design by a graphical editor, (2) then relating the picture to an application program, and (3) adding echoing functions to the picture by deciding how to manipulate figures using interactive methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assessment of errors in static electrical impedance tomography with adjacent and trigonometric current patterns (1997)

In electrical impedance tomography (EIT), difference imaging is often preferred over static imaging. This is because of the many unknowns in the forward modelling which make it difficult to obtain reliable absolute resistivity estimates. However, static imaging and absolute resistivity values are needed in some potential applications of EIT. In this paper we demonstrate by simulation the effects of different error components that are included in the reconstruction of static EIT images. All simulations are carried out in two dimensions with the so-called complete electrode model. Errors that are considered are the modelling error in the boundary shape of an object, errors in the electrode sizes and localizations and errors in the contact impedances under the electrodes. Results using both adjacent and trigonometric current patterns are given.
<title>Detection of breast asymmetry using anatomical features</title> (1993)

We present a new approach to the detection of breast asymmetry, an important radiological sign of cancer. The conventional approach to this problem is to search for brightness or texture differences between corresponding locations on left and right breast images. Due to the difficulty in accurately identifying corresponding locations, asymmetry cues generated in this way are insufficiently specific to be used as prompts for small and subtle abnormalities in a computer-aided diagnosis system. We have undertaken studies to discover more about the visual cues utilized by radiologists. We propose a new automatic method for detecting asymmetry based on the comparison of corresponding anatomical structures, which are identified by an automatic segmentation of breast tissue types. We describe a number of methods for comparing the shape and grey-level distribution of these regions, and we have achieved promising results by combining evidence for asymmetry.
G20210A Prothrombin Gene Polymorphism and Prothrombin Activity in Subjects With or Without Angiographically Documented Coronary Artery Disease (2001)

In a population with a clear-cut definition of the phenotype, the G20210A prothrombin mutation was not significantly associated, per se, with either angiographically documented CAD or myocardial infarction, whereas it significantly influenced prothrombin activity. In our population, high prothrombin activity itself was independently associated with CAD but not with the presence or absence of previous myocardial infarction.
Naturally Occurring Plasmid Carrying Genes for Enterotoxin Production and Drug Resistance (1977)

Escherichia coli strain 86, isolated from a piglet with diarrhea, carries plasmid-linked genes for resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamides and for production of heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin. Results of (i) genetic experiments involving conjugal transfer and phage P1-mediated transduction and (ii) physical experiments involving electron microscopic examination of plasmid DNA and heteroduplex analysis show that a single conjugative plasmid carries the genes for drug resistance and production of enterotoxin.
Simultaneous retrieval of the complex refractive index and particle size distribution (2015)

A secondary optimization technique is proposed that allows the complex refractive index and particle size distribution (PSD) to be retrieved simultaneously by using the diffuse transmittance (T), diffuse reflectance (R), and collimated transmittance (T(c)) of a 1-D spherical particle systems as measured values. In the proposed method, two 1-D experimental samples of different thicknesses were exposed to continuous wave lasers of two different wavelengths. First, T, R, and T(c) were calculated by solving the radiative transfer equation. Then, the complex refractive index and PSDs were retrieved simultaneously by applying the inversion technique, quantum particle swarm optimization. However, the estimated results of the PSDs proved to be inaccurate. Hence, a secondary optimization was performed to improve the accuracy of the PSDs on the basis of the first optimization process. The results showed that the proposed technique can estimate the complex refractive index and particle size distribution accurately.