gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact multiport antenna with isolated ports (2007)

Abstract The small element spacing of compact multiport arrays introduces strong mutual coupling between the antenna ports. Because of this coupling, the input impedance of the array changes when elements excitations are varied, and consequently, the array cannot be matched for an arbitrary excitation. Decoupling networks have in the past been used to provide an additional connection between antenna ports to cancel the coupling between elements. An alternative approach is to design the antenna so that each port does not excite a single element, but instead all elements simultaneously. The geometry of the antenna is optimized so that this direct excitation of elements counteracts the mutual coupling, thus, yielding decoupled ports. This article describes the design of such a four‐port antenna. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 229–232, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23038
You Don’t Know Jack about Disks (2003)

Traditionally, the programmer’s working model of disk storage has consisted of a set of uniform cylinders, each with a set of uniform tracks, which in turn hold a fixed number of 512-byte sectors, each with a unique address. The cylinder is made up of concentric circles (or tracks) on each disk platter in a multiplatter drive. Each track is divided up like pie slices into sectors. Because any location in this three-dimensional storage space could be uniquely identified by the cylinder number, head (surface) number, and sector number, this formed the basis for the original programming model for disk drives: cylinder-head-sector access.
Macrophage-Derived Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 Promote the Progression of Cerebral Aneurysms in Rats (2006)

These data suggest that macrophage-derived MMP-2 and -9 may play an important role in the progression of cerebral aneurysms. The findings of this study will shed a new light into the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysms and highlight the importance of inflammatory response causing the degeneration of extracellular matrix in the process of this disease.
Percutaneous Mitral Annuloplasty for Functional Mitral Regurgitation (2009)

Percutaneous reduction in FMR with a novel coronary sinus-based mitral annuloplasty device is feasible in patients with heart failure, is associated with a low rate of major adverse events, and is associated with improvement in quality of life and exercise tolerance.
An Approach for Stereo Matching Using Pair-wise Sequence Alignment Algorithm Based on Dynamic Programming (2010)

We present a practical and efficient stereo matching approach which produces a dense disparity map with the pair-wise sequence alignment algorithm based on dynamic programming in this paper. Firstly, pair-wise sequence alignment algorithm based on the dynamic programming is introduced where the optimal alignment of two sequences could be acquired by tracing back the similarity matrix which is constructed according to characters in two sequences using dynamic programming algorithm. Second, we think of pixel gray value of all homonymy epipolar lines in two images in turn as two string sequences, and then disparity of corresponding point in two images is calculated by the number of gaps inserted the optimal alignment in every two string sequences. Additionally, according to epipolar constraint we can know that homonymy epipolar lines in two images parallel to the scan-lines, so the 2D matching of images is simplified to that of 1D. The experiment result shows that the proposed approach is stable and efficient, and it has a high matching accuracy and low computational complexity.
Simple computation using Coulomb blockade-based tunneling arrays (1995)

We present a theoretical study of locally interconnected tunneling arrays operating in the Coulomb blockade regime. In these arrays bits of information are represented by single electrons and useful behaviors can be obtained if the size of a ‘‘dressed’’ electron on the array, i.e., an excess electron plus its polarization cloud, is small. Under this condition, we demonstrate (using simple quasistatic tunneling theory) that linear tunneling arrays can be made to act as charge-coupled devices for single electrons. Such devices could potentially be applied to computational and/or signal processing applications. As a simplest example, we show that these linear arrays can be made to simulate a random walk. These initial results illuminate some of the requirements on locally interconnected quantum device arrays if they are to do useful computation. More speculatively, they suggest that Coulomb blockade-based arrays could be the basis for future very high-powered digital processors. For such hardware to be practical, however, ways of dealing with device nonuniformities (particularly associated with ‘‘polarization charge’’) must be found.
Probing orientation and rotation of red blood cells in optical tweezers by digital holographic microscopy (2011)

Interaction of red blood cells (RBC) with optical tweezers has been found to differ under varied physiological and pathological conditions as compared to its normal conditions. Earlier, we reported difference in rotation of trapped RBC in hypertonic conditions for detection of malaria infection. Disk-like RBC when trapped in optical tweezers get oriented in the vertical plane to maximize interaction with trapping beam. However, classical bright field, phase contrast or epifluorescence microscopy cannot confirm its orientation, thus leading to ambiguous conclusions such as folding of RBC during trapping by some researchers. Now, with use of digital holographic microscopy (DHM), we achieved high axial sensitivity that confirmed orientation of trapped red blood cell. Further, DHM enabled quantitative phase imaging of RBC under hypertonic condition. Dynamic changes of rotating RBC under optical tweezers at different trapping laser power were evaluated by the use of DHM. The deviation from linear dependence of rotation speed of RBC on laser power, was attributed towards deformation of RBC shape due to higher laser power (or speed).
Collocations in a rule-based MT system: A case study evaluation of their translation adequacy (2009)

Collocations constitute a subclass of multi-word expressions that are particularly problematic for machine translation, due 1) to their omnipresence in texts, and 2) to their morpho-syntactic properties, allowing virtually unlimited variation and leading to long-distance dependencies.Since existing MT systems incorporate mostly local information, these are arguably ill-suited for handling those collocations whose items are not found in close proximity.In this article, we describe an integrated environment in which collocations (and possibly their translation equivalents) are first identified from text corpora and stored in the lexical database of a translation system, then they are employed by this system, which is capable of dealing with syntactic transformations as it is based on a deep linguistic approach.We compare the performance of our system (in terms of collocation translation adequacy) with that of two major MT systems, one statistical, and the other rule-based.Our results confirm that syntactic variation affects translation quality and show that a deep syntactic approach is more robust in this sense, especially for languages with freer word order (e.g., German) and richer morphology (e.g., Italian) than English.
Distribution of the Parathyroid Hormone 2 Receptor in Rat: Immunolocalization Reveals Expression by Several Endocrine Cells* (1999)

The PTH2 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor selectively activated by PTH. We are studying the receptors distribution to guide the investigation of its physiological function. We have now generated an antibody from a C-terminal peptide sequence of the PTH2 receptor and used this to study its cellular distribution. Labeling with the antibody identified a number of endocrine cells expressing the PTH2 receptor, including thyroid parafollicular cells, pancreatic islet D cells, and some gastrointestinal peptide synthesizing cells. There was complete overlap of PTH2 receptor labeling with somatostatin in pancreatic islets, and partial overlap with somatostatin in thyroid parafollicular cells and in the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, observations made previously by in situ hybridization histochemistry, including expression throughout the cardiovascular system, as well as by discrete populations of cells within the gastrointestinal tract and reproductive system were confirmed. These data suggest a broad role for the PTH2 receptor, especially within the endocrine system, and provide a basis for experimental exploration of its physiology.
Heat shock proteins in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle (1999)

Human endometrium, in response to steroid hormones, undergoes characteristic cycles of proliferation, secretory changes, and tissue shedding. Human endometrium expresses a molecular repertoire which includes the heat shock proteins (Hsps) Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, and alpha crystallin B chain. The expression of Hsp27, Hsp60, and the constitutive form of Hsp70 (Hsc70) shows a sharp increase in human endometrium after ovulation. The maximal expression of the molecular chaperone, alpha crystallin B chain, occurs during the secretory phase. In view of known functions of the Hsps, it is likely that these proteins are involved in protection of the endometrial proteins against factors with the potential to lead to protein denaturation. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a cytotoxic cytokine that is produced in progressive amounts during the secretory phase. The function of the Hsps may be to protect cells against the cytotoxic damage of TNF-alpha, particularly during the critical period of "implantation window."
Biology on a Chip: Microfabrication for Studying the Behavior of Cultured Cells (2003)

The ability to culture cells in vitro has revolutionized hypothesis testing in basic cell and molecular biology research and has become a standard methodology in drug screening and toxicology assays. However, the traditional cell culture methodology--consisting essentially of the immersion of a large population of cells in a homogeneous fluid medium--has become increasingly limiting, both from a fundamental point of view (cells in vivo are surrounded by complex spatiotemporal microenvironments) and from a practical perspective (scaling up the number of fluid handling steps and cell manipulations for high-throughput studies in vitro is prohibitively expensive). Microfabrication technologies have enabled researchers to design, with micrometer control, the biochemical composition and topology of the substrate, the medium composition, as well as the type of neighboring cells surrounding the microenvironment of the cell. In addition, microtechnology is conceptually well suited for the development of fast, low-cost in vitro systems that allow for high-throughput culturing and analysis of cells under large numbers of conditions. Here we review a variety of applications of microfabrication in cell culture studies, with an emphasis on the biology of various cell types.
Pattern analysis of cell micronuclei images to evaluate their use as indicators of cell damage (2004)

Early biological changes that can be associated with disease are important indicators or biomarkers for the development of preventive screening strategies. Epidemiological studies have shown that the presence of chromosome damage or instability in human lymphocytes could be considered as an indicator of cancer risk. Chromosome damage can also be estimated using the micronuclei (MN) assay. MN are nuclear bodies originated by chromosome breakage or chromosome segregation during cell division. MN assay can be performed in epithelial tissues in direct contact with xenobiotics and carcinogens, becoming an indicator of cancer risk. Cell MN are thus geometric configurations that appear in the cell cytoplasm as small round bodies near the cell nucleus after cell division. Scoring micronuclei requires a trained individual to detect and count MN in approximately 3000-5000 cells from images in a microscope, becoming a tedious, subjective and error-prone task. In this paper we describe automated detection and counting techniques using digital image processing and pattern recognition, allowing automated detection and quantification of the cellular micronuclei configurations, making this technique much more effective for fast and reliable assessing of DNA damage by exposure to radiation and toxic substances.
Amidation of C3 at the thiolester site: stimulation of chemiluminescence and phagocytosis by a new inflammatory mediator. (1985)

We studied the ability of particle-bound and fluid-phase C3b monomers and monomeric amidated C3 (prepared by treatment of purified human C3 with ammonium chloride or methylamine) to stimulate chemiluminescence of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes and to promote phagocytosis in the absence of antibody. Particle-bound C3b evoked chemiluminescence from both PMN and monocytes, and fluid-phase C3b (0.5 mg/ml) elicited significant chemiluminescence from PMN but not from monocytes. Amidated forms of C3, both particle bound and fluid phase, were potent stimulators of chemiluminescence from phagocytic cells and caused a significantly greater response than did C3b. The phagocytosis of 1-micron microspheres by PMN and monocytes was enhanced by coating them with purified C3b in an antibody-free system. Microspheres coated with amidated C3 were avidly phagocytized, and to a greater degree than were C3b-coated microspheres. In a direct binding assay with tritiated monomeric C3b and amidated C3, the affinity of the PMN complement receptor type 1 for C3b (Ka = 4.9 X 10(7) L/M) was similar to that for amidated C3 (Ka = 5.7 X 10(7) L/M). However, there was a fourfold increase in the number of apparent binding sites for amidated C3. This increase did not reflect binding of amidated C3 to the complement receptor type 3, because blocking of CR3 with the monoclonal antibody OKM 10 failed to decrease binding of amidated C3. In sites of increased ammoniagenesis, such as the kidney in chronic renal failure, amidated C3 may play a role as an inflammatory mediator by stimulating oxidative metabolism in phagocytic cells.
Approaches for Additive Manufacturing of 3D Electronic Applications (2014)

Additive manufacturing processes typically used for mechanical parts can be combined with enhanced technologies for electronics production to enable a highly flexible manufacturing of personalized 3D electronic devices. To illustrate different approaches for implementing electrical and electronic functionality, conductive paths and electronic components were embedded in a powder bed printed substrate using an enhanced 3D printer. In addition, a modified Aerosol Jet printing process and assembly technologies adapted from the technology of Molded Interconnect Devices were applied to print circuit patterns and to electrically interconnect components on the surface of the 3D substrates.
Repurposing drugs in oncology (ReDO)—Cimetidine as an anti-cancer agent (2014)

Cimetidine, the first H2 receptor antagonist in widespread clinical use, has anti-cancer properties that have been elucidated in a broad range of pre-clinical and clinical studies for a number of different cancer types. These data are summarised and discussed in relation to a number of distinct mechanisms of action. Based on the evidence presented, it is proposed that cimetidine would synergise with a range of other drugs, including existing chemotherapeutics, and that further exploration of the potential of cimetidine as an anti-cancer therapeutic is warranted. Furthermore, there is compelling evidence that cimetidine administration during the peri-operative period may provide a survival benefit in some cancers. A number of possible combinations with other drugs are discussed in the supplementary material accompanying this paper.
A model for the surface texturing of steel rolls by electrodischarge machining (1992)

Abstract The need for a closely defined surface texture on steel rolls used to produce steel sheet is described. Conventional shot-blasting as a method of texturing is shown to be increasingly limited by lack of adequate process control and its inability to treat hard alloys. Electrodischarge texturing (EDT) is presented as an alterative method which overcomes the difficulties encountered with the traditional technique. The mechan­isms controlling EDT are shown to depend on the peak current arising from the pulsed electric field applied between the tool-electrode and the work-roll, the time for which the voltage pulse is applied, and the randomness of the discharges produced in the machining gap. These process conditions are included in a model for the process, which is then analysed in the light of physical behaviour known to arise in electrodischarge texturing, namely that the surface roughness produced increases with peak current and with the pulse time for the applied voltage. Attention is drawn to the implications of the model for electrodischarge machining process which has, in general, hitherto proved difficult to analyse, and yet is known to be subject to similar effects of peak current and the ratios of the times for which the pulsed voltage is applied and removed. The present paper therefore also throws light on methods for tackling the general theory of electrodischarge machining which is so widely used in industry.
Low Energy Emulsification Methods for Nanoparticles Synthesis (2012)

International audience
Probing close DNA contacts of RNA polymerase III transcription complexes with the photoactive nucleoside 4-thiodeoxythymidine. (1994)

Photoactive 4-thiodeoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (4-S-dTTP) has been synthesized and used to enzymatically incorporate the corresponding nucleotide, 4-thiodeoxythymidine 5'-phosphate (4-S-dTMP), at specific positions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5 S rRNA and SUP4 tRNA(Tyr) genes. RNA polymerase III transcription complexes have been assembled on this DNA and analyzed by photocrosslinking for proteins making close contact with DNA. Comparison DNA probes with a long-tether photoactive nucleotide 5-[N-(p-azidobenzoyl)-3-aminoallyl]-dUMP (N3RdUMP) incorporated at the same positions have also been analyzed, in order to compare the properties of these two crosslinking reagents. At least 10 of the 16 different S. cerevisiae polymerase III subunits make direct contact with DNA. The 120-kDa subunit of transcription factor (TF)IIIC, which is thought to play the key role in positioning TFIIIB upstream of the transcriptional start site, also contacts DNA near the transcriptional start site in TFIII(C+B) complexes with a SUP4 tRNA(Tyr) gene. The photocrosslinking patterns generated by 4-S-dTMP and N3RdUMP are distinctive, implying that these two reagents can yield complementary information about the structures of complex protein assemblies on DNA. Surprisingly, some subunits of the S. cerevisiae RNA polymerase III are crosslinked by 4-S-dTMP but not by N3RdUMP.
Polycaprolactone: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications (2017)

Abstract Polycaprolactone (PCL) is one of the earliest, commercially available, synthetic polymers characterized by a large set of biodegradation and mechanical properties that can be finely controlled by regulating the local environmental driving forces (ie, microorganisms, enzymes, hydrolysis). Owing to their faster resorbability and long‐term degradation in the presence of water (up to 3 to 4 years), PCL has been widely investigated as a bioinspired material able to target selective cell response via controlled intracellular resorption pathways. In comparison with other aliphatic polyesters, the superior rheological and viscoelastic properties render PCL easy to manufacture and manipulate into a wide range of three‐dimensional platforms (ie, porous scaffold, micro‐ and nanocarriers, and implantable devices). In this article, we discuss the main relationships between polymer synthesis, physical/chemical properties, and processing conditions to optimize the fabrication of biodegradable devices made of PCL, putting particular focus on drug delivery, tissue engineering. and green chemistry applications.
High throughput measurement of duplex, triplex and quadruplex melting curves using molecular beacons and a LightCycler (2002)

We have used oligonucleotides containing molecular beacons to determine melting profiles for intramolecular DNA duplexes, triplexes and quadruplexes (tetraplexes). The synthetic oligonucleotides used in these studies contain a fluorophore (fluorescein) and quencher (methyl red) attached either to deoxyribose or to the 5 position of dU. In the folded DNA structures the fluorophore and quencher are in close proximity and the fluorescence is quenched. When the structures melt, the fluorophore and quencher are separated and there is a large increase in fluorescence. These experiments were performed in a Roche LightCycler; this requires small amounts of material (typically 4 pmol oligonucleotide) and can perform 32 melting profiles in parallel. We have used this technique to compare the stability of triplexes containing different base analogues and to confirm the selectivity of a triplex-binding ligand for triplex, rather than duplex, DNA. We have also compared the melting of inter- and intramolecular quadruplexes.
Antineutrophil elastase activity in cystic fibrosis serum (1991)

The antigenic concentrations of alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) were measured in 13 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and in 11 healthy subjects. Serum alpha 1AT was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and the antielastase activity of the purified alpha 1AT was determined by measuring the molar ratio necessary to inhibit human neutrophil elastase (HNE). The association rate constant of alpha 1AT with HNE was determined in a timed assay. The capacity of CF serum alpha 1AT to form complexes with porcine pancreatic elastase was studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antigenic concentrations of alpha 1AT mumol/L were markedly increased in the serum of all patients with CF (61.9 +/- 4.3 mumol/L) in comparison to a reference standard (36.7 +/- 1.8 mumol/L; P less than 0.0001). CF serum alpha 1AT was fully active against HNE, and its association rate constant in the presence of HNE was similar to that of healthy subjects. In addition, CF serum alpha 1AT formed complexes with porcine pancreatic elastase that were electrophoretically indistinguishable from those of normal serum alpha 1AT. These results indicate that patients with CF have increased serum alpha 1AT concentrations and that this antiprotease, when purified from serum, functions normally.
Current drive enhancement by using high-permittivity gate insulator in SOI MOSFET's and its limitation (1996)

Speed enhancement effects by using a high-permittivity gate insulator in SOI MOSFETs and its limitation were investigated by a two-dimensional device simulator and circuit simulator. The SOI structure is suitable to have excellent current drive by using a high-permittivity gate insulator. Although the gate capacitance increases as a function of its dielectric constant, the current drive does not increase proportionally due to the inversion capacitance. According to the simulation results of the delay time, when the pulse waveforms driven by a CMOS inverter are propagated through 1 mm-long interconnects, the delay time significantly reduces at a dielectric constant value of around 25 (Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/). Thus, it is worthwhile using Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ for gate insulator to achieve high-speed operation. Furthermore, the reduction of source parasitic series resistance is a key issue to realize the highest current drive by using a high-permittivity gate insulator in SOI MOSFET.