gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cultivated Alfalfa at the Diploid Level: Origin, Reproductive Stability, and Yield of Seed and Forage<sup>1</sup> (1979)

Cultivated alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) at the diploid level (CADL) was developed from cultivated tetraploids over a 10‐year period using haploidy, with breeding and selection. The goal was to produce a diploid form for research which was seed‐reproduced and stable in chromosome number. The 4x‐2x cross method was used to obtain 2x haploids, which, although relatively sterile, could be used as females in initial crosses with 2x M. falcata F 1 hybrids thus obtained were fertile and were backcrossed as male parents to 2x haploids. CADL populations were selected for seed yield in between backcrosses. The proportion of cultivated germplasm increased by half with each backcross progressing from 50% in initial F 1 hybrids with M. falcata to 98.44% in the fifth backcross to haploids, which is the current level. Selection for fertility was very effective and resulted in cross‐ and self‐fertility levels similar to tetraploid alfalfa in terms of seed number. Seven CADL populations and 2x M. falcata were screened for plants producing restitution (2n) gametes and for tetraploid plants in the diploid populations. Early populations contained a few plants producing 2n gametes and 2% tetraploids, while recent populations, which have had more selection for diploid fertility, contained no tetraploids. Hence, true breeding diploid CADL populations were obtained. A population with 87.5% cultivated germplasm was tested for forage yield and produced 72% as much as Vernal in three cuttings in the first 2 production years. Research applications of CADL were discussed.
Hybrid Isolator for Mutual-Coupling Reduction in Millimeter-Wave MIMO Antenna Systems (2019)

A novel millimeter-wave (MMW) hybrid isolator is presented to reduce the mutual-coupling (MC) between two closely-spaced dielectric resonators (DR) antennas at 60 GHz. The proposed hybrid isolator consists of a combination of a new uni-planar compact electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure and an MMW choke absorber. The design of the proposed EBG unit-cell is based on the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) technique. The results show that the proposed EBG structure provides a wide frequency bandgap in the 60 GHz band with miniaturization factors of 0.79 and 0.66 compared to conventional uni-planar EBG and uni-planar compact (UC-EBG) structures, respectively. The proposed EBG is then placed between two Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) DR antennas to reduce the MC level. As a result, an average of 7 dB level reduction is obtained. To further reduce the MC level, a thin MMW choke absorber wall is mounted vertically between the two DR antennas and above the EBG structure. An average of 22 dB MC reduction is achieved over the suggested bandwidth while maintaining good radiation characteristics. The measured isolation of the prototype antenna varies from -29 to -49 dB in the frequency range from 59.3 to 64.8 GHz. In fact, the proposed hybrid isolator outperforms other hybrid isolation techniques reported in the literature.
A Multi-Mode Dead Reckoning System for Pedestrian Tracking Using Smartphones (2015)

This paper proposes an approach for pedestrian tracking using dead reckoning enhanced with a mode detection using a standard smartphone. The mode represents a specific state of carrying device, and it is automatically detected while a person is walking. This paper presents a new approach, which extends and enhances previous methods by identifying in real-time three typical modes of carrying the device and using the identified mode to enhance tracking accuracy. The way of carrying the device in all modes is unconstrained to offer reliable person-independent tracking. Based on the identification of modes, a lightweight step-based tracking algorithm is developed with a novel step length estimation model. The tracking system is implemented on a commercial off-the-shelf smartphone equipped with a built-in inertial measurement unit with 3-D accelerometer and gyroscope. It achieves real-time tracking and localization performance with an average position accuracy of 98.91%.
Use of Glass Electrode for Measuring Sodium in Biological Systems. (1958)

SummaryDevelopment of a sodium glass-to-silver electrode for biological use has been described. The instrument is simple and particularly useful for continuous recording of small changes in sodium concentration, both in static and in flowing systems. As such, it should be applicable to a wide variety of studies.
Using the compiler to improve cache replacement decisions (2003)

Memory performance is increasingly determining microprocessor performance and technology trends are exacerbating this problem. Most architectures use set-associative caches with LRU replacement policies to combine fast access with relatively low miss rates. To improve replacement decisions in set-associative caches, we develop a new set of compiler algorithms that predict which data will and will not be reused and provide these hints to the architecture. We prove that the hints either match or improve hit rates over LRU. We describe a practical one-bit cache-line tag implementation of our algorithm, called evict-me. On a cache replacement, the architecture will replace a line for which the evict-me bit is set, or if none is set, it will use the LRU bits. We implement our compiler analysis and its output in the Scale compiler. On a variety of scientific programs, using the evict-me algorithm in both the level 1 and 2 caches improves simulated cycle times by up to 34% over the LRU policy by increasing hit rates. In addition, a combination of simple hardware prefetching and evict-me works together to further improve performance.
A simple Drosophila trap for wet weather collecting (1953)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Mutational paths towards increased fluoroquinolone resistance in Legionella pneumophila (2009)

Specific mutational trajectories were identified, strongly suggesting that intermolecular epistatic interactions between DNA topoisomerases underlie the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in L. pneumophila. Our results suggest that L. pneumophila has strong potential to become resistant to fluoroquinolone compounds and warrant further investigation of resistance in clinical and environmental strains of this pathogen.
Augmented reality for the surgeon: Systematic review (2018)

Due to ergonomic issues with dual-screen devices, augmented reality devices with the capacity to overlay images onto the surgical field will be key features of next-generation surgical head-up displays.
A cost-effective substantial-impact-filter based method to tolerate voltage emergencies (2011)

Supply voltage fluctuation caused by inductive noises has become a critical problem in microprocessor design. A voltage emergency occurs when supply voltage variation exceeds the acceptable voltage margin, jeopardizing the microprocessor reliability. Existing techniques assume all voltage emergencies would definitely lead to incorrect program execution and prudently activate rollbacks or flushes to recover, and consequently incur high performance overhead. We observe that not all voltage emergencies result in external visible errors, which can be exploited to avoid unnecessary protection. In this paper, we propose a substantial-impact-filter based method to tolerate voltage emergencies, including three key techniques: 1) Analyze the architecture-level masking of voltage emergencies during program execution; 2) Propose a metric intermittent vulnerability factor for intermittent timing faults (IV F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">itf</sub> ) to quantitatively estimate the vulnerability of microprocessor structures (load/store queue and register file) to voltage emergencies; 3) Propose a substantial-impact-filter based method to handle voltage emergencies. Experimental results demonstrate our approach gains back nearly 57% of the performance loss compared with the once-occur-then-rollback approach.
Novel activating and inactivating mutations in the integrin beta1 subunit A domain (2004)

The ligand-binding activity of integrins is regulated by shape changes that convert these receptors from a resting (or inactive) state to an active state. However, the precise conformational changes that take place in head region of integrins (the site of ligand binding) during activation are not well understood. The portion of the integrin beta subunit involved in ligand recognition contains a von Willebrand factor type A domain, which comprises a central beta-sheet surrounded by seven alpha helices (alpha1-alpha7). Using site-directed mutagenesis, we show here that point mutation of hydrophobic residues in the alpha1 and alpha7 helices (which would be predicted to increase the mobility of these helices) markedly increases the ligand-binding activity of both integrins alpha5beta1 and alpha4beta1. In contrast, mutation of a hydrophilic residue near the base of the alpha1 helix decreases activity and also suppresses exposure of activation epitopes on the underlying hybrid domain. Our results provide new evidence that shifts of the alpha1 and alpha7 helices are involved in activation of the A domain. Although these changes are grossly similar to those defined in the A domains found in some integrin alpha subunits, movement of the alpha1 helix appears to play a more prominent role in betaA domain activation.
UV-C treatment of soymilk in coiled tube UV reactors for inactivation of Escherichia coli W1485 and Bacillus cereus endospores (2011)

Coiled tube UV reactors were used to investigate the influence of tube diameter (1.6 mm ID, and 3.2 mm ID) and Reynolds number (Re) to inactivate Escherichia coli W1485 and Bacillus cereus spores in raw soymilk (RSM). Four levels of Re (343, 686, 1029 and 1372) were tested in RSM inoculated separately with each bacterium and treated in the UV reactors at a constant residence time of 11.3 s with UV-C dose of 11.187 mJ/cm2 at 253.7 nm. Inactivation efficiency of both microorganisms increased with Re. Maximum reductions of 5.6 log10 CFU/ml of E. coli and 3.29 log10 CFU/ml of B. cereus spores were achieved in the 1.6 mm ID UV reactor. Inactivation efficiency was higher in the 1.6 mm ID UV reactor than the 3.2 mm ID UV reactor for both the organisms. Effect of UV-C light on lipid oxidation of untreated RSM, measured as malondialdehyde and other reactive substances (MORS) content, was much higher (95 nmol/ml) than the UV-treated (58 nmol/ml) and thermally pasteurized (55 nmol/ml) RSM during the storage period of 7 days. The UV-C treatment can be effectively used for reducing E. coli cells and B. cereus spores in soymilk without compromising its quality.
An efficient multiuser loading algorithm for OFDM-based broadband wireless systems (2002)

In this paper we present a novel loading algorithm for OFDM-based multiuser communication system to maximize the total system throughput while satisfying the total power and users' rate constraints. The new scheme determines the subcarrier, bit, and power allocation by decoupling an NP-hard combinatorial problem into two steps: (1) resource allocation (how much power and how many subcarriers for each user) based on users' average channel gains and their rate requirements; and (2) subcarrier assignment and bit loading based on users' channel profiles across all subcarriers. Compared to existing iterative methods, the two-step approach offers comparable capacity gain with much lower complexity.
Digital channelized IFM receiver (2002)

This paper introduces the concept of a digital channelized instantaneous frequency measurement receiver for electronic warfare applications. A technique to estimate the instantaneous frequency of two simultaneous signals in the same channel of the receiver is developed and the frequency estimation is compared to the Cramer-Rao bound.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimization of no-moving part fluidic resistance microvalves with low reynolds number (2010)

This paper reports an effective optimization procedure for designing no-moving part microvalves where the diodicity of the optimized valves has better performance when compared with the typical Tesla valve. The detailed layout of microvalves is obtained by minimizing the fluidic resistance of fluidic channels for the forward flow under a user-specified design constraint about the fluidic work diodicity between the forward and reverse flows. A couple of novel valves which have different layout with the Tesla valve are presented. The numerical value of the fluidic resistance diodicity for a designed periodic valve is verified by experiments.
Interception of frequency hopped spread spectrum signals (1990)

A frequency-hopped, spread-spectrum signal is modeled as a sinusoid that has one of N random, discrete frequencies. Based on this model, the Neyman-Pearson detection theory is used to derive optimum coherent and noncoherent receiver structures. It is shown that the probability of detection, P/sub D/, approaches, the probability of false alarm, P/sub F/, as N gets large. For large N, simple formulas that relate P/sub D/ to P/sub F/ at a given SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) are given. For a given N, the authors determine the SNR below which interception is impractical as P/sub D/ approximately=P/sub F/. Single-hop and multiple-hop per detection-interval situations are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Somatosensory Link in Fibromyalgia: Functional Connectivity of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Is Altered by Sustained Pain and Is Associated With Clinical/Autonomic Dysfunction (2015)

Our study demonstrates that both somatic and nonsomatic dysfunction in FM, including clinical pain, pain catastrophizing, autonomic dysfunction, and amplified temporal summation, are closely linked with the degree to which evoked deep tissue pain alters S1 connectivity to salience/affective pain-processing regions. Additionally, diminished connectivity between S1 subregions during the rest phase in FM may result from ongoing widespread clinical pain.
Soil Quality and Agricultural Sustainability (1998)

Soil Quality and Agricultural Sustainability -R. Lal Soil-Land Degradation: Interventions for Sustaining Civilization-F.P. Miller Assessment of Soil Quality-M.J. Mausbach and C. A. Seybold Minimum Data Sets Needed for Soil and Climatic Characterization-J.M. Kimble Strategies for Fertilizer Research in the Tropics -B.H. Byrnes and D.T. Hellums Sustainable Management of Land and Water Resources in Irrigated Semiarid and Tropical Regions -J.W. Kijne and M. Kuper Addressing Key Natural Resource Management Challenges in the Humid Tropics Through Agroforestry Research-D.P. Garrity The Biological Management of Tropical Soil Fertility: Some Research and Development Priorities for Africa -P.L. Woomer, J. Kotto-Same, M.A. Bekunda, and J.R. Okalebo The Role of Soil Management in Improving Yields in the Rice-Wheat Systems of South Asia -K.F. Bronson and P.R. Hobbs Sustainable Management of Soil and Water Resources in the Upper and Trans-Gangetic Plains of India-B.S. Ghuman and R.S. Narang Soil Fertility Management for Sustained Production in the West Asia-North Africa Region: Need For Long-Term Research-J. Ryan and Mohamed Abdel Monem Soil-Conservation and Sustainability of Agricultural Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa-B. Kayombo and G.C. Mrema Consequences of Soil Erosion on Soil Productivity and Its Restoration by Soil Management in Tanzania-J.B. Aune, I.K. Kullaya, M. Kilasara, F.S.B. Kaihura, B.R. Singh, and R. Lal The Role of Ruminant Livestock in Soil Fertility Management in Sub-Saharan Africa-J.W. Smith and A. Naazie Maintenance of Soil Organic Matter and Nitrogen Supply in the Moist Savanna Zone of West Africa-R.J. Carsky, S.S. Jagtap, G. Tian, N. Sanginga, and B. Vanlauwe Grow the Soils to Grow the Crops in Africa-G.D. Anderson No Till and Mulching Effects on Soil Physical Quality of a Tropical Alfisol in Western Nigeria-R. Lal Research Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture in Acid Savanna of Latin America-R.R. Vera Long-Term Research on Natural Resource Management: A Commodity Center Perspective-J.W. White, O. Erenstein, L. Harrington, and K. Sayre Agricultural Intensification Systems and Their Impact on Soil and Water Quality in the Cerrados of Brazil-D.V.S. Resck Production Systems in the Savannas of Brazil: Key Factors To Sustainability-C.R. Spehar Physical and Economic Model Integration for the Measurement of Environmental Impacts of Farming-C.C. Crissman and J.M. Antle A Decade of Progress at IBSRAM and Future Priorities-E.T. Craswell The Pilot Linkage Program: An Experiment to Enhance Interinstitutional Collaborations-C.R. Curtis Research Priorities for Sustainable Use of Soil and Water Resources-G.Uehara Need for Action and Researchable Priorities-R. Lal
Treatment With Intravitreal Steroid Reduces Blood-Retinal Barrier Breakdown due to Retinal Photocoagulation (1992)

The effect of corticosteroid treatment on blood-retinal barrier breakdown caused by argon-laser panretinal photocoagulation was evaluated in the rabbit eye. One day before photocoagulation, eyes were given either a sub-Tenon (20-mg) or intravitreal (2-mg) injection of triamcinolone acetonide. The severity of blood-retinal barrier breakdown was measured after photocoagulation using rapid sequential magnetic resonance imaging following intravenous administration of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Leakage of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid into the vitreous space was significantly lower in eyes that received intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide than in control eyes (P = .007); however, sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide produced no significant reduction in leakage (P = .65) compared with controls. Fluorescein angiography supported the magnetic resonance imaging findings. We conclude that retinal photocoagulation in the rabbit eye produces blood-retinal barrier breakdown that is partially amenable to corticosteroid treatment.
Characterization of T Lymphocytes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2004)

A new study adds to the mounting evidence implicating T cells as an important component of the inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of zoo animals using HaeIII and four single-locus probes. (1992)

Using HaeIII as the restriction endonuclease, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of dried blood samples from various animals was conducted. Single-locus probes D2S44, D10S28, D1S7, and D4S139, as well as monomorphic probe D7Z2, were used to examine for banding patterns. If bands were present, the samples were further examined for heterogeneity (whether single or multiple bands were observed) and polymorphism (whether variation in band location was shown between the animals studied within a species). Blood samples from animals, including primates, were obtained from Miami Metrozoo, Miami, Florida. Some of the animals were non-related individuals while others were related. Banding patterns were observed in colobus' for D2S44, D1S7, and D4S139; owl monkeys for D2S44; gorillas for D2S44 and D4S139; gibbons for D2S44 and D4S139; siamangs for D2S44, talapoins for DiS7; cranes for D1S7; and otters for D1S7. Based upon these, all of the animals for which a conclusion could be drawn appeared to be homozygous and monomorphic (exhibited only an invariant single band) for the loci examined except colobus' for D4S139, gorillas for D4S139, cranes for D1S7, and otters for D1S7.
XHTML 1.0 language and design sourcebook (2000)

From the Publisher:
Create richer, more powerful Web sites and Internet applications with this in-depth guide to HTML, XHTML, and CSS
In XHTML 1.0 Language and Design Sourcebook, bestselling author Ian Graham introduces you to HTML, XHTML, and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)the language for controlling how these documents look when viewed by a Web browser. Beginning with a clear tutorial on HTML, XHTML, and CSS, you'll quickly learn the basic ideas of markup and style sheet formatting. The book then goes into the details of XHTML, carefully explaining the role of each language component and the purpose of the various CSS mechanisms by which the default formatting can be controlled. You'll also find helpful reference sections that offer concise summaries of all the elements defined in HTML and XHTML, and of all CSS formatting properties.
Along with giving you the tools you'll need to develop your own high-quality World Wide Web products, this book will provide you with:
A description of the differences between HTML and XHTML A better understanding of the various markup incompatibilities of different browsers A summary of all proprietary Navigator, Internet Explorer, Lynx, and WebTV markup elements Descriptions of XHTML markup designs that work well on all browsers A look at default rendering of XHTML elements A discussion of the various CSS incompatibilities on different browsers
The companion Web site at www.wiley.com/compbooks/graham features all the examples presented in the book, along with additional resources, utilities, and book updatesall available in easy-to-download form.

About the Author:
IAN S. GRAHAM is a Web application development consultant and also a senior instructional technology specialist with the University of Toronto's Centre for Academic Technology, where he designs and prototypes Internet applications. Graham is the bestselling author of HTML 4.0 Sourcebook, XML Specification Guide, and HTML Stylesheet Sourcebook (all from Wiley), as well as the forthcoming XHTML 1.0 Web Development Sourcebook (available summer 2000)a companion to this book and a detailed guide to the other Internet and software technologies that underlie Web application development.
Immunomagnetic Quantification of Circulating Tumor Cells as a Prognostic Factor of Androgen Deprivation Responsiveness in Patients With Hormone Naive Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2008)

In this study the presence of 5 or more circulating tumor cells in 7.5 ml blood was associated with androgen deprivation responsiveness in patients with metastatic prostate cancer before endocrine therapy.
[The diagnostic value of the status of urinary taurine in the early stages following the irradiation of animals]. (1990)

A study of the features of taurine excretion early after irradiation of animals in comparison with the peripheral blood level of leukocytes is necessary for the development of methods of early diagnosis and prediction of an outcome of radiation disease. The paper is concerned with a study of the correlation between a dose of ionizing radiation and enhanced taurine excretion with urine in rats and dogs as compared to the time course of the blood level of leukocytes, an indicator used for the diagnosis of radiation disease. The doses were 2-10 Gy for rats and 5-15 Gy for dogs. Intensive taurine excretion was shown to be an early (recorded in the first hours after radiation exposure), stable and dose-dependent body reaction. The authors discussed the problem of the appropriateness of the use of this test for the diagnosis and prognosis of an outcome of acute radiation disease in combination with common indices.
Equity: Notice.–Priorities (1921)

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