gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiologic evidence for association of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with gastroenteritis (1990)

The Kanagawa phenomenon induced by the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is almost exclusively associated with clinical strains, and TDH has been considered an important virulence factor. However, Kanagawa phenomenon-negative strains isolated from patients with diarrhea have recently been shown to produce TDH-related hemolysin (TRH). We studied the distribution of the tdh gene encoding TDH and the trh gene encoding TRH in vibrios by hybridization analyses. The presence or absence of the tdh gene and the trh gene in 285 strains of V. parahaemolyticus was examined by the DNA colony hybridization test with a tdh gene-specific probe and a newly constructed trh gene-specific probe. For assessment of the importance of TRH, many Kanagawa phenomenon-negative clinical strains (35.4% of all strains) were included. Of 214 clinical strains of V. parahaemolyticus, 112 strains (52.3%) had the tdh gene only, 52 strains (24.3%) had the trh gene only, and 24 strains (11.2%) carried both the tdh and the trh gene. The coexistence of the tdh and trh genes in these 24 strains was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization analysis. Of 71 environmental strains, 5 strains (7.0%) hybridized very weakly with the trh gene probe and none hybridized with the tdh gene probe. These results suggest that TRH as well as TDH is an important virulence factor of V. parahaemolyticus. Among 118 strains of other Vibrio species examined for the trh gene, only 1 strain of Vibrio furnissii gave a very weak hybridization signal. Among 48 representative trh gene-positive strains of V. parahaemolyticus, only 18 strains (37.5%) were found to produce TRH in culture medium when examined by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
Synergism of cisplatin and mitomycin C in sensitive and resistant cell subpopulations of a tumor model (1989)

Cisplatin is a widely-used anti-neoplastic agent with activity against a broad spectrum of human solid tumors. It is, however, seldom curative as a single agent. In an in vitro tumor model system, V79 spheroids, the non-cycling, hypoxic cell subpopulations are most resistant to cisplatin, suggesting that combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and a drug which preferentially killed hypoxic cells might prove useful. Mitomycin C has the latter activity, and was thus evaluated. Not only was the expected complementary toxicity observed in combination treatments, but synergism between the drugs was found at clinically relevant drug doses. Further, both the net pattern of cell killing and the degree of interaction between the agents were a function of the dose ratios of the drugs in the combination treatments. The ability of mitomycin C to potentiate the response of cells resistant to cisplatin as a single agent may thus prove of value in clinical protocols.
Efficiency in Relation To the Design of the Segmented Body Musculature in Brachydanio Rerio (1981)

In a model study of the axial musculature of fishes we optimize the muscle fibre pattern for structural efficiency. To that end we look for the smallest amount of muscle tissue still able to perform the prescribed function of bending the body. In the horizontal strip midway between the horizontal septum and the dorsal or ventral border of the myotome the muscle fibres are only allowed to run parallel to the median plane. For this strip the study results in: 1. The median muscle fibres make larger angles with respect to the body axis than the lateral muscle fibres. 2.The relation between the distance of the muscle fibre towards the median plane and the angle of the fibre with respect to the body axis is non-linear. The results of the model study agree reasonably well with the adult muscle fibre pattern of the zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio). This suggests that the axial musculature of the zebra fish has a high structural efficiency. Some other models of fish musculature are briefly reviewed.
Making radiosity usable (1991)

Generating accurate radiosity solutions of real world environments is user-intensive and requires significant knowledge of the method. As a result, few end-users such as architects and designers use it. The output of most commercial modeling packages must be substantially "cleaned up" to satisfy the geometrical and topological criteria imposed by radiosity solution algorithms. Furthermore, the mesh used as the basis of the radiosity computation must meet several additional requirements for the solution to be accurate.
Steam Surfactant Systems at Reservoir Conditions (1982)

ABSTRACT Mobility control is one of the main problems in steam flooding. Channeling of steam through highly permeable zones and gravity override lead to early steam breakthrough at the production wells. Accordingly, volumetric sweep efficiency and oil recovery are reduced. Foam has been proposed as a permeability blocking agent in steam flooding to improve oil recovery. This paper describes two experiments. One is on static properties such as thermal stability, adsorption and partitioning; the other is on dynamic displacement by steam in the presence of surfactants. The aim of this study is to investigate some commercially available and experimental foaming chemicals (surfactants) for their longevity under simulated steam injection conditions, namely at 400°F (205°C) and 300-500 psia (20-34 bars). The steam injection experiments have been conducted in a linear flow model to study flow, heat transfer and mobility.
Use of Ion-Selective Electrodes for Blood-Electrolyte Analysis. Recommendations for Nomenclature, Definitions and Conventions (2000)

This paper will familiarize the reader with the terms used to describe the behavior of ion-selective electrodes, particularly in relation to their use in clinical chemistry for determination of blood electrolyte cations. It serves as an introduction to a series of papers dealing with important cations in blood, namely calcium, sodium, and potassium. The detailed relationships between the ion activity determined by means of ion-selective electrode potentiometry in undiluted specimens, and the total substance concentration measured by flame atomic-emission spectrometry are described by flow chart and equations. Adoption of a convention for reporting results is recommended. The Working Group on Selective Electrodes has taken into account recent revisions of IUPAC recommendations on nomenclature and selectivity coefficient determinations for ion-selective electrodes, and benefited from the experience of a member of the WG, who was also involved in the IUPAC discussions. Nomenclature for determined quantities follows previous IUPAC/IFCC joint recommendations.
High‐accuracy MR tracking of interventional devices: The overhauser marker enhancement (OMEN) technique (1998)

A new technique for visualization of interventional devices in magnetic resonance imaging is presented. Determination of the position of an invasive device is made possible by incorporating into the device a small marker that emits the NMR signal. This signal is enhanced by the use of the Overhauser phenomenon. This technique differs from the earlier reported techniques for marking interventional instruments in the sense that the contrast between the marker and tissue is not based on different relaxation rates, but on NMR signal enhancement. A prototype marker was constructed and inserted into an inductively fed loop-gap resonator that couples saturation energy with the marker. Circuit analogies are presented that model the Overhauser phenomenon and the coupling circuit. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the marker is visible in MR images up to a slice thickness of 50 mm when inserted in excised animal liver and fat tissues.
Advanced process control system description of an easy-to-use control system incorporating pluggable modules (2003)

We have developed an advanced process control (APC) system into which it is easy to plug the calculation methods and formulae for process control which are appropriate for a given product, recipe and set of production equipment data. Many different types of recipe are used in multi-product production lines to produce logic devices, for example. In general, the process control method depends on the recipe. In a conventional process control system, a control program corresponding to the recipe must be developed. Developing programs capable of coping with an increasing number of product types or recipes is very hard. The chief characteristic of the APC system which we have developed is that programs are classified into two distinct types: programs which do not depend on either the recipe or the equipment, and programs which do. Our APC system has already been introduced on trial lines for the following processes in which there has been a large increase in the number of recipes: lithography, reactive ion etching (RIE), chemical dry etching (CDE), wet etching, oxidation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sputtering and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). High-speed implementation of process control programs (up to three recipes per day) has been achieved.
Pi-TM: Pessimistic Invalidation for Scalable Lazy Hardware Transactional Memory (2011)

Lazy hardware transactional memory (HTM) allows better utilization of available concurrency in transactional workloads than eager HTM, but poses challenges at commit time due to the requirement of en-masse publication of speculative updates to global system state. Early conflict detection can be employed in lazy HTM designs to allow non-conflicting transactions to commit in parallel. Though this has the potential to improve performance, it has not been utilized effectively so far. Prior work in the area burdens common-case transactional execution severely to avoid some relatively uncommon correctness concerns. In this work we investigate this problem and introduce a novel design, π-TM, which eliminates this problem. π-TM uses modest extensions to existing directory-based cache coherence protocols to keep a record of conflicting cache lines as a transaction executes. This information allows a consistent cache state to be maintained when transactions commit or abort. We observe that contention is typically seen only on a small fraction of shared data accessed by coarse-grained transactions. In π-TM early conflict detection mechanisms imply additional work only when such contention actually exists. Thus, the design is able to avoid expensive core-to-core and core-to-directory communication for a large part of transactionally accessed data. Our evaluation shows major performance gains when compared to other HTM designs in this class and competitive performance when compared to more complex lazy commit schemes.
Equatorial Atmospheric and Ionospheric Modeling at Kwajalein Missile Range (2000)

During the last peak of the solar activity cycle, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the spatial and temporal variations of the equatorial ionosphere had a significant impact on the measurement accuracy of the ARPA Long-Range Tracking and Instrumentation Radar (ALTAIR) at the Kwajalein Missile Range (KMR), primarily because of poorly modeled ionospheric range and elevationangle bias errors. As missile-reentry-vehicle and space-surveillance missions have developed at KMR, improvements in ALTAIR measurement accuracy have illustrated that unmodeled atmospheric refraction is the principal error source limiting sensor accuracy. Modeling equatorial ionospheric activity and then removing its effect on KMR data is particularly challenging, since the radar is located beneath a complex region of the earth’s ionosphere. To characterize the spatial and temporal electron distribution in the ionosphere, real-time measurement data are required to adjust the models to match actual conditions. An effort to better characterize both peak and disturbed ionospheric conditions in real time has resulted in the ionospheric error-correction model (IECM). This article discusses the KMR atmospheric models, and presents representative equatorial ionospheric data as viewed by ALTAIR along with an evaluation of the IECM at removing these range and elevation-angle bias errors.
A Protein Phosphatase-1-binding Motif Identified by the Panning of a Random Peptide Display Library (1997)

An unusually large number of regulatory or targeting proteins that bind to the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-1 have been recently reported. This can be explained by their possession of a common protein motif that interacts with a binding site on protein phosphatase-1. The existence of such a motif was established by the panning of a random peptide library in which peptide sequences are displayed on the Escherichia coli bacterial flagellin protein for bacteria that bound to protein phosphatase-1. There were 79 isolates containing 46 unique sequences with the conserved motif VXF or VXW, where X was most frequently His or Arg. In addition, this sequence was commonly preceded by 2-5 basic residues and followed by 1 acidic residue. This study demonstrates that binding to protein phosphatase-1 can be conferred to a protein by the presentation of a peptide motif on a surface loop. This binding motif is found in a number of protein phosphatase-1-binding proteins.
Quantitative evaluation of liver function with T1 relaxation time index on Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI: Comparison with signal intensity‐based indices (2013)

The T1 relaxation time index has the potential to serve as an MRI-based liver function test, and is most strongly correlated with ICG clearance among the Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI-based indices investigated.
Noteworthy clinical case studies in cancer gene therapy: Tumor-targeted Rexin-G advances as an efficacious anti-cancer agent (2010)

The advent of pathotropic (disease-seeking) targeting technology has ushered cancer gene therapy across the threshold of history, marking the beginning of a new epoch of medical praxis. For the first time, clinical oncologists can reach beyond the finest of catheters, beyond the reach of the most gifted surgeons, to the very fabric of metastatic disease in an effort to halt the progression and turn the tide of otherwise intractable cancers. The enabling molecular biotechnologies embodied in the leading tumor-targeted agent, Rexin-G, and its timely development as a safe and effective anti-cancer drug - from oncogene discovery and target validation, to molecular engineering of the core nanotechnologies, to the first clinical proofs-of principle, confirmatory trials, expanded access programs, and accelerated regulatory approvals - have been extensively documented in the medical literature. Therefore, this paper represents a final chapter, highlighting a series of noteworthy cases studies in the emergent field of targeted genetic medicine: case studies which, in and of themselves, reveal vital and important aspects of the molecular-genetic bio-pharmacology, advanced clinical protocols, refinement of patient monitoring, expanding treatment options, and strategic medical approaches to patient care that exemplify and thereby extend the established principles of pathotropic targeting and cancer gene therapy to a new generation of clinical practitioners.
Modulus, hysteresis and the payne effect : Network junction model for carbon black reinforcement (2006)

A nano-composite model of filler-rubber system is proposed. Basically the model considers the filler network junction width, which is zero at maximum filler loading and is then diluted to an average width in order to obtain the correct filler volume fraction. By assuming a simple cubk arrangement of the aggregates, the small strain behavior of the junction rubber is analyzed in extensional mode. Using only a few parameters from carbon black morphology, a formula for the filler loading effect on the Young's modulus is obtained. The model suggests that the hysteresis, tan δ, is inversely proportional to the average junction width of the filler network. Finally, the Payne effect with its various facets is discussed in terms of the network junction model.
Agent-based honeynet framework for protecting servers in campus networks (2012)

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and intrusion prevention systems (IPSs) that use signatures cannot protect servers from new types of internet worms. Therefore it is important to collect information about new attacks because the detection rules employed by IDSs and IPSs are formulated using this information. Honeypots are valuable security resources that act as baits for attackers. They can monitor intrusions by being probed, attacked or compromised and can detect zero-day attacks and provide researchers intending to improve security with information about the attacks. However, it is almost impossible to immediately generate detection rules from the information collected by honeypots. This study presents an agent-based honeynet framework for protecting servers in a campus network. In this framework, agents remove malicious processes and executable files on servers infected by zero-day attacks as soon as the honeynet detects them. The proposed framework provides a novel defense mechanism that protects servers from new types of internet worms effectively, without the use of signatures.
Morphology and mechanical behavior of block polymers (1969)

Abstract The morphology of solution cast films of butadiene and styrene block polymers in both stretched and unstretched state has been studied by electron microscopy, and has been related to the mechanical behavior of these materials. These micrographs confirm the indications from dynamic properties that this material consists of a two‐phase system in which the relationship between the phases is sensitive to the solvent system used in casting. Although the basic morphological unit is a polystyrene sphere of 100 Å diameter dispersed in a matrix of polybutadiene, the interaction between spheres is complex. These spheres are more deformable than would be predicted from their glass transition temperature. The dynamic mechanical properties, stress‐strain properties, and stress relaxation properties of block polymers of styrene and dienes can be explained in terms of the morphology and changes of morphology on stretching in the electron microscope.
Palladium-catalyzed vinylation of aryl chlorides. Chelate effect in catalysis (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed vinylation of aryl chlorides. Chelate effect in catalysisY. Ben-David, M. Portnoy, M. Gozin, and D. MilsteinCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 6, 1995–1996Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00042a008https://doi.org/10.1021/om00042a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views706Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interleukin‐22 and interleukin‐22–producing NKp44+ natural killer cells in subclinical gut inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis (2011)

Our findings indicate that overexpression of IL-22, together with an increased number of IL-22-producing NKp44+ NK cells, occurs in the gut of AS patients, where it appears to play a tissue-protective role.
War games - de computer bootst vele oorlogshandelingen na (1978)

'War games' (oorlogsspelen) zijn al eeuwen in gebruik. Prins Maurits van Oranje-Nassau gebruikte een zandbak met tinnen soldaatjes. Door de komst van de computer, aldus Ir. J. J. Meinardi, medewerker van het Physisch Laboratorium TNO, is 'wargaming' een uiterst belangrijk en interessant stuk gereedschap geworden voor de militaire leiding. Met behulp van op de computer nagebootste situaties kan men de toekomst met enige zekerheÃ­d voorspellen, kan men beter dan voorheen de consequenties van de zelf ontworpen plannen overzien. Het is mogelijk, zo meent de auteur, dat de computers zo snel worden dat ook tijdens een echte, niet-gesimuleerde oorlog de computer te velde zou kunnen gaan worden gebruÃ­kt. Dan zou de computer eventueel kunnen doorrekenen wat voor 'de vijand' de beste, en dus meest waarschijnlÃ­jke wijze van optreden zal zijn. Dat betekent echter naar zijn menÃ­ng niet dat binnen af zienbare tijd een 'robot-oorlog' uit het fabelachtige rijk van de science fiction naar het aardse slagveld zal kunnen worden gehaald.
Laser treatment of port wine stains: therapeutic outcome in relation to morphological parameters (1996)

Thirty patients were treated with a flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser, with 0.45 ms pulse width and 585 nm wavelength. Punch biopsies were taken prior to treatment, and the biopsies were examined morphometrically. Three different test sites were exposed to laser light of fluence 5.25, 6.50 and 7.75 J/cm2. The degree of blanching was examined 6-8 weeks after treatment, and each site was retreated four times. Six patients (20%) achieved poor blanching, eight patients (27%) obtained moderate lightening and 16 patients (53%) showed good response. The vessels of the good responders were located significantly more superficially than the vessels of the moderate and poor responders (P < 0.05). The poor responders had significantly smaller vessels than the moderate and good responders (P < 0.01). The moderate responders had deeper, but larger vessels, than the poor responders. Hence, an increasing vessel diameter reduces the negative outcome of increasing vessel depth. The vessel diameter was correlated to the colour (P < 0.01), e.g. the mean vessel diameter was increasing from 16.5 microns in pink lesions to 51.2 microns in purple lesions. The vessel depth was partly reflected in the lesional colour, as the pink and purple lesions had significantly deeper vessels than the red ones (P = 0.02). These results indicate that pink lesions predict poor blanching due to deeply located small vessels, while red lesions predict a good therapeutic result because of more superficially located vessels.
Detection of cerebral metabolites by single‐voxel‐based PRESS and COSY techniques at 3T (2007)

Our pilot results demonstrate that L-COSY is an effective approach for resolving cerebral metabolites, and demonstrates a lower coefficient of variance (CV) than the conventional 1D localized spectroscopic approach using LC Model for quantification.
Test generation based on synthesizable VHDL descriptions (2002)

Modern complex ASIC chips contain numerous registers, counters, and control units (state sequencers), making it extremely difficult for gate level sequential circuit test generation techniques to generate good test vectors in a reasonable time. The authors present a methodology which uses functional information extracted from a VHDL behavior model to drive the test generation process. As opposed to various behavior test generation systems proposed recently which use behavior fault models, the proposed system uses the standard stuck-at fault model of logic elements. Thus, the fault coverage figures reported by the system can readily be verified by other commercially available fault simulators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>