gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-34a Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in U87 Glioma Stem Cells (2012)

Tumor stem cells (TSCs) have been identified in many malignant tumors and are unique in their self-renewal, multi-differentiation and tumor growth maintenance capabilities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous, non-coding RNAs that predominately modulate target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Accumulating evidence suggests that some miRNAs have an essential role in TSC proliferation, growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. In particular, miR-34a has been found to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in stem cells. The insensitivity of glioma to standard therapies combined with the hypothesis that glioma stem cells (GSCs) are responsible for this chemorefractory nature suggests that investigations exploring the function and mechanism of miR-34a in GSCs would be of value. In our study, we found that miR-34a is down-regulated in CD133-positive U87 cells. Furthermore, miR-34a could significantly suppress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in GSCs. These findings suggest that miR-34a acts as a tumor suppressor in U87 GSCs. Therefore, this observation highlights a new potential therapeutic agent for GSC-based glioma treatment.
Silicon RF Power MOSFETs (2005)

Evolution of Digital Cellular Networks Power Amplifiers: Class A, Class B, and Class AB Power Transistor Requirements MOSFET Physics: Traditional Pinch-Off Theory Versus New Super-Linear Theory Lateral-Diffused MOSFETs: Operating Physics and RF Performance Vertical-Diffused MOSFETs: Operating Physics and RF Performance Charge-Coupled MOSFETs: Operating Physics and RF Performance Super-Linear MOSFETs: Operating Physics and RF Performance Hot Carrier Degradation: Physics and Design Solutions Synopsis: Comparison of Technologies.
Development of a Global Oil Spill Modeling System (2013)

This paper describes the development of an oil spill modeling system that is operational on a global scale and can be used for both real-time response, forecast simulations and probabilistic risk analysis based on climatological wind and ocean current data. For ocean and estuarine spills, the system makes use of the General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME) oil spill model, Trajectory Analysis Planner and the Automated Data Inquiry for Oil Spills weathering model. Hydrodynamic and meteorological data is obtained from the US Navy and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Data access is provided through the Naval Oceanographic Office, the Fleet Numerical Meteorological and Oceanographic Center and the GNOME Online Oceanographic Data Server. For riverine spills, the GeoSpatial Stream Flow Model and the Incident Command Tool for Drinking Water Protection are used to respectively, build river networks with associated flows and velocities and, transport and disperse oil spill contamination downstream. Case study examples are presented for both forecast simulations and probabilistic risk analysis.
CT Versus Sonography for Monitoring Radiofrequency Ablation in a Porcine Liver (2000)

In this animal model, unenhanced CT was an effective way to monitor RF ablation compared with sonography because of increased lesion discrimination, reproducible decreased attenuation during ablation, and improved correlation to pathologic size.
Immediate soft error detection using pass gate logic for content addressable memory (2008)

Content addressable memory (CAM) is used in many applications. As the process technology scales into the deep sub-micron regime, soft error rate increases significantly. Densely integrated memory cells in CAM are prone to soft errors. Bit flipping in CAM leads to an incorrect search operation which could be fatal from a system point of view. The proposed scheme enables the detection of soft errors immediately and the correction of problems with small additional logic gates.
Wet Soiling of Cotton; Part I: The Effect of Finishes on Soiling (1963)

This work is part of a program that has the objective of establishing the relationship between surface properties and wet soiling characteristics of cottons treated with selected finishes. The results and interpretation of soiling tests on cottons with fifteen different finishes or chemical modifications are reported here. The fabrics were soiled in aqueous dispersions of iron oxide, iron oxide plus oleic acid, carbon black, carbon black plus oleic acid, and vacuum cleaner dirt. In most cases, the fabrics were soiled with each of these dispersions at 120° and 160° F. The results of the tests indicate that positively charged, hydrophobic or soft finishes promote wet soiling. The best resistance to wet soiling was obtained with those finishing agents or chemical modifications that were negatively charged or hydrophilic.
Scalable Mobile Visual Classification by <newline/>Kernel Preserving Projection Over <newline/>High-Dimensional Features (2014)

Scalable mobile visual classification-classifying images/videos in a large semantic space on mobile devices in real-time-is an emerging problem as observing the paradigm shift towards mobile platforms and the explosive growth of visual data. Though seeing the advances in detecting thousands of concepts in the servers, the scalability is handicapped in mobile devices due to the severe resource constraints within. However, certain emerging applications require such scalable visual classification with prompt response for detecting local contexts (e.g., Google Glass) or ensuring user satisfaction. In this work, we point out the ignored challenges for scalable mobile visual classification and provide a feasible solution. To overcome the limitations of mobile visual classification, we propose an unsupervised linear dimension reduction algorithm, kernel preserving projection (KPP), which approximates the kernel matrix of high dimensional features with low dimensional linear embedding. We further introduce sparsity to the projection matrix to ensure its compliance with mobile computing (with merely 12% non-zero entries). By inspecting the similarity of linear dimension reduction with low-rank linear distance metric and Taylor expansion of RBF kernel, we justified the feasibility for the proposed KPP method over high-dimensional features. Experimental results on three public datasets confirm that the proposed method outperforms existing dimension reduction methods. What is even more, we can greatly reduce the storage consumption and efficiently compute the classification results on the mobile devices.
Intracellular pH in adipocytes: effects of free fatty acid diffusion across the plasma membrane, lipolytic agonists, and insulin. (1996)

The main function of white adipose tissue is to store nutrient energy in the form of triglycerides. The mechanism by which free fatty acids (FFA) move into and out of the adipocyte has not been resolved. We show here that changes in intracellular pH (pH1) in adipocytes correlate with the movement of FFA across cellular membranes as predicted by the Kamp and Hamilton model of passive diffusion of FFA. Exposure of fat cells to lipolytic agents or external FFA results is a rapid intracellular acidification that is reversed by metabolism of the FFA or its removal by albumin. In contrast, insulin causes an alkalinization of the cell, consistent with its main function to promote esterification. Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange in adipocytes does not prevent the changes in pHi caused by FFA, lipolytic agents, or insulin. A fatty acid dimer, which diffuses into the cell but is not metabolized, causes an irreversible acidification. Taken together, the data suggest that changes in pHi occur in adipocytes in response to the passive diffusion of un-ionized FFA (flip-flop) into and out of the cell and in response to their metabolism and production within the cell. These changes in pHi may, in turn, modulate hormonal signaling and metabolism with significant impact on cell function.
Unraveling Immune-Cell Mysteries (1996)

Two immunologists who came together by chance in the same Australian lab are honored for the unique insight they brought to understanding how the immune system's killer cells recognize their targets. For more information on this prize, see the Nobel Foundation Web sitea
A high frame rate, 16 million pixels, radiation hard CMOS sensor (2011)

CMOS sensors provide the possibility of designing detectors for a large variety of applications with all the benefits and flexibility of the widely used CMOS process. In this paper we describe a novel CMOS sensor designed for transmission electron microscopy. The overall design consists of a large 61 × 63 mm2 silicon area containing 16 million pixels arranged in a 4K × 4K array, with radiation hard geometry. All this is combined with a very fast readout, the possibility of region of interest (ROI) readout, pixel binning with consequent frame rate increase and a dynamic range close to 12 bits. The high frame rate has been achieved using 32 parallel analogue outputs each one operating at up to 20 MHz. Binning of pixels can be controlled externally and the flexibility of the design allows several possibilities, such as 2 × 2 or 4 × 4 binning. Other binning configurations where the number of rows and the number of columns are not equal, such as 2 × 1 or 2 × 4, are also possible. Having control of the CMOS design allowed us to optimise the pixel design, in particular with regard to its radiation hardness, and to make optimum choices in the design of other regions of the final sensor. An early prototype was also designed with a variety of geometries in order to optimise the readout structure and these are presented. The sensor was manufactured in a 0.35 μm standard CMOS process.
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates survival and chemotactic behavior in isolated osteoclasts. (1993)

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is known to play an important role in osteoclast formation. However, its actions on mature cells have not been fully characterized. We now report that M-CSF dramatically stimulates osteoclastic motility and spreading; osteoclasts responded to a gradient of M-CSF with orientation, and random cell polarization occurred after isotropic exposure. M-CSF also supported the survival of osteoclasts by preventing apoptosis. Paradoxically, M-CSF inhibits bone resorption by isolated osteoclasts. We found that this was effected predominantly by reduction in the number of excavations. Thus, M-CSF showed a propensity to suppress resorption through a reduction in the proportion of cells that were resorbing bone. Our data suggest that apart from the established role of M-CSF in the provision of precursors for osteoclastic induction, a major role for M-CSF in bone resorption is to enhance osteoclastic survival, migration, and chemotaxis. It seems appropriate that during these processes resorptive functions should be suppressed. We suggest that M-CSF continues to modulate osteoclastic activity once osteoclasts are on resorptive sites, through regulation of the balance between resorption and migration, such that not only the quantity, but the spatial pattern of resorption can be controlled by adjacent M-CSF-secreting cells of osteoblastic lineage.
Subsampled digital retiming for optical disk (1999)

As profit margins and market windows shrink, it becomes desireable to design as much of the optical storage electronics with digital CMOS. By using CMOS processes, the drive designer ensures the cheapest silicon possible. Unfortunately, the analog CMOS designer faces a greater challenge when designing in CMOS. For highest yield and quickest design cycles the percentage of drive functions implemented with digital blocks should be as high as possible.
Transition to Pulsed Flow in Mixed-Phase Cocurrent Downflow through a Fixed Bed (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition to Pulsed Flow in Mixed-Phase Cocurrent Downflow through a Fixed BedT. S. Chou, F. L. Worley, and D. LussCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev. 1977, 16, 3, 424–427Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260063a029https://doi.org/10.1021/i260063a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Simple and high radiochemical yield synthesis of 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐[<sup>18</sup>F]fluorouridine via a new nosylate precursor (2006)

Abstract We synthesized 2'‐deoxy‐2'‐[ 18 F]fluorouridine ( 7 ) as a radiotracer for positron emission tomography from a new nosylate precursor ( 6 ). This new precursor was synthesized from uridine in four steps. The overall synthetic yield was 9.4% and we have high stability of >98% purity up to 6 months at 4°C. The optimal manual [ 18 F]fluorination conditions were 30 mg of the precursor 6 in 500 µl of acetonitrile at 145°C for 15 min with 370 MBq of [ 18 F]fluoride. The [ 18 F]fluorination yield was 76.5±2.7% ( n = 3). After hydrolysis of protecting groups with 1 N HCl and purification by HPLC, the overall radiochemical yield and purity were 26.5±1.4% and 98.2±2.5%, respectively. The preparation time was 70.0±10.5 min ( n = 3 for each result). We also developed an automated method with a radiochemical yield and purity of 24.0±2.8 and 98.0±1.5% ( n = 10) using a GE TracerLab MX chemistry module. This new nosylate precursor for 2'‐deoxy‐2'‐[ 18 F]fluorouridine synthesis showed higher radiochemical yields and reproducibility than previous methods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two-chip CMOS CODEC (1978)

A staightforward answer to the per-channel CODEC question has been obtained by a CMOS chip pair operating on the capacitive charge redistribution technique. Designed especially for the D4 channel bank, but ideal for various PCM telephone systems and other applications, the compressing A/D converter and expanding D/A converter produce the standard digital approximation to the μ-255 characteristic without the requirement of external components; all analog and digital functions are integrated. The advantages of the per-channel over the shared CODEC are manifest; the configuration separating the two asynchronous conversions maximizes versatility and ease of application.
Effects of Fatigue and Dynamic Recovery on Rain Erosion (1974)

The latest results from a study of the dynamic behavior of rain erosion-resistant coating and substrate materials are described. The correlations between rocket sled erosion data and fracture stresses determined from single-impact tests with a split Hopkinson pressure bar facility have been extended to include polyurethane. The results of tests within a small-scale erosion facility, and analyses of large whirling-arm studies, have shown that a fatigue type of behavior, already found to be applicable for an acrylic plastic, may also be used to describe the rain erosion resistance of elastomeric coatings such as polyurethane, and the glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composite substrates which are frequently utilized for radome construction. The importance of the “dynamic recovery rate” or relaxation time, and stress wave interactions, in understanding the rain erosion phenomenon is described in this paper. The applicability of the elastic-plastic, uniaxial stress wave theory for making rain erosion predictions is also discussed.
Approach to Using Trend Arrows in the FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring Systems in Adults (2018)

The use of personal continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has expanded dramatically among individuals with diabetes. CGM systems provide retrospective data, as well as the current glucose value and trend arrow data, which indicate the direction and velocity of changing glucose. In 2017, Aleppo and colleagues developed a simplified approach for adults with diabetes to safely adjust rapid-acting insulin doses using trend arrow information in the Dexcom G5 CGM system. Since then, the FreeStyle Libre and FreeStyle Libre 14-day CGM systems have become available in the United States; however, guidance on using trend arrow data that take the unique features of these systems into consideration is lacking. Specifically, the FreeStyle Libre systems do not have automatic alarms, which impact how the system and trend arrow data are used. The Endocrine Society convened an expert panel to address this gap and develop an approach to adjusting rapid-acting insulin doses for adults using trend arrows in the FreeStyle Libre systems. We based our approach on previous work and expanded upon engagement and scanning recommendations, and we incorporated pre-exercise planning specific to these systems. Our approach provides insulin dose adjustments as discrete insulin units based on an individual's insulin sensitivity and directionality of the trend arrow. We focus on the needs of patients treated with multiple daily injections because these individuals currently make up a greater proportion of individuals on intensive insulin therapy. Our recommendations are intended to provide a safe, practical approach to using trend arrows in the FreeStyle Libre systems.
Ochratoxin A in table wine and grape‐juice: Occurrence and risk assessment∗ (1996)

The concentrations of ochratoxin A (OA) and C (ethyl ester of OA, OC) have been measured in table wine from the Swiss retail market. The overall median concentrations of OA in white, rose and red table wine were (number of samples; range) < 3 pg/ml (24; < 3-178 pg/ml), 19 pg/ml (15; < 3-123 pg/ml) and 13 pg/ml (79; < 3-388 pg/ml)), respectively. For dessert wines (Malaga, Marsala) a median of 337 pg/ml (5; 44-451 pg/ml) resulted. Concentrations of OC were about 10% of those of OA. OA has been detected in red grape-juices for the first time with median concentrations amounting to 235 pg/ml (8; < 3-311 pg/ml). White grape-juices (3) as well as other fruit juices (2 apple, 6 orange, 2 others) did not contain OA (< 5 pg/ml). The analytical method used was not appropriate for grapefruit-juices because of an interfering substance. The results indicate that OA is formed prior to the alcoholic fermentation. It also appears that the more southerly in Europe is the origin of the samples the higher is the frequency of occurrence and the concentration of OA in red wines and red grape-juices. Although the estimated mean daily OA intake of 0-7 ng/kg body mass (men) can easily be more than doubled by moderate wine consumption, an additional health risk by OA is not to be expected. On the other hand the consumption of red grape-juices among infants and children may result in intakes high enough to justify a reduction of the OA concentrations in these juices to less than 100 pg/ml.
MyD88-dependent induction of allergic Th2 responses to intranasal antigen (2005)

MyD88 is a common Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor molecule found to be essential for induction of adaptive Th1 immunity. Conversely, innate control of adaptive Th2 immunity has been shown to occur in a MyD88-independent manner. In this study, we show that MyD88 is an essential innate component in the induction of TLR4-dependent Th2 responses to intranasal antigen; thus we demonstrate what we believe to be a novel role for MyD88 in pulmonary Th2 immunity. Induction of the MyD88-independent type I IFN response to LPS is defective in the pulmonary environment. Moreover, in the absence of MyD88, LPS-induced upregulation of costimulatory molecule expression on pulmonary DCs is defective, in contrast to what has been observed with bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs). Reconstitution of Th2 responses occurs upon adoptive pulmonary transfer of activated BMDCs to MyD88-deficient recipients. Furthermore, the dependence of Th2 responses on MyD88 is governed by the initial route of antigen exposure; this demonstrates what we believe are novel site-specific innate mechanisms for control of adaptive Th2 immunity.
Evaluation of antiviral activity of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (2019)

Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) is commonly used as probiotic and its secondary metabolites are attractive anti-microbial candidate. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of crude extracts from B. licheniformis against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a highly contagious enveloped porcine virus that has caused great economic loss in pigs. In vivo, PEDV-infected piglets supplemented with air-dried solid state fermentative cultivate containing B. licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) showed milder clinical symptoms and decreased viral shedding. Importantly, no significant systemic pathological lesions and no reduction in average daily gain were noted in pigs supplemented with the BLFP, which suggests that it is safe for use in pigs. In vitro experiments revealed that while B. licheniformis crude extracts exhibited no toxicity in Vero cells, co-cultivation of B. licheniformis crude extracts with PEDV significantly reduced viral infection and replication. Summarized current results suggest that the B. licheniformis-fermented products could be a novel candidate food additive for reducing the impact of PED on the swine industry.
Effects of acid-etching solutions on human enamel and dentin. (1995)

Nine noncarious human molars were extracted and stored in saline solution. Three standard occlusal cavities with beveled enamel margins were prepared on each tooth and etched with the etching solutions of three dentinal adhesive systems: (1) 37% phosphoric acid solution, (2) 4.3% oxalic acid and 2.6% aluminum salts solution, and (3) 10% maleic acid solution. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed that all the etching solutions affected the enamel surface morphology. The solution of oxalic acid and aluminum salts removed primarily the prism core material and partially the periphery of the prisms, but did not affect the nonbeveled enamel surface. Phosphoric and maleic acids removed both prism core materials and prism periphery; these specimens also showed areas in which no prism morphology could be detected. These two acids also removed apatite crystals from the prism core of the intact enamel surface.
Intravascular foreign bodies: percutaneous retrieval. (1986)

Percutaneous retrieval of an intravascular foreign body was performed in 20 patients. There were 14 through-the-needle intravenous catheter fragments. In four patients the embolized foreign body was a broken diagnostic catheter. One patient had a ventriculovenous broken catheter and another patient had a bullet in the pulmonary circulation. Eight foreign bodies were located in the superior vena cava, six in the pulmonary artery, two in the right side of the heart, one in the subclavian vein, one in the thoracic aorta, and two in the aortoiliac segment. Percutaneous retrieval was successful in 95% of the attempts. In one case the procedure was performed to dislodge the foreign body into a better position for surgical retrieval.