gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some 1,2-Diphenylethane Derivatives as Inhibitors of Retinoic Acid—Metabolising Enzymes (2003)

In a search for novel inhibitors of RA-metabolising enzyme inhibitors as potential anti-cancer agents some 1,2-ethandiones, 2-hydroxyethanones and 1-ethylenedioxyethanones based on aryl-substituted 1,2-diphenylethane have been examined. Several of the compounds were weak inhibitors of the non-specific rat liver microsomal P450 enzymes and moderate inhibitors of the RA-induced enzymes in cultured human genital fibroblasts, where the RA-specific enzyme CYP26 is probably expressed. The 2-hydroxyethanone (13) with a 1-(4-dimethylaminophenyl) substituent was overall the most potent compound for rat liver microsomal enzyme (IC50 = 52.1 microM; ketoconazole, 2.8 microM) and the RA-induced enzyme (100 microM, 65.9% inhibition; ketoconazole, 20 microM, 75.0%). Modification of the dimethylamino group in (13) with more hydrophobic dialkylamino functions or separate modification of the 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) function did not improve potency.
PKC-dependent Phosphorylation of the H1 Histamine Receptor Modulates TRPC6 Activity (2014)

Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) is a cation selective, DAG-regulated, Ca2+-permeable channel activated by the agonists of Gq-protein-coupled heptahelical receptors. Dysfunctions of TRPC6 are implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular and kidney conditions such as vasospasm and glomerulosclerosis. When stimulated by agonists of the histamine H1 receptor (H1R), TRPC6 activity decays to the baseline despite the continuous presence of the agonist. In this study, we examined whether H1R desensitization contributes to regulating the decay rate of TRPC6 activity upon receptor stimulation. We employed the HEK expression system and a biosensor allowing us to simultaneously detect the changes in intracellular diacylglycerol (DAG) and Ca2+ concentrations. We found that the histamine-induced DAG response was biphasic, in which a transient peak was followed by maintained elevated plateau, suggesting that desensitization of H1R takes place in the presence of histamine. The application of PKC inhibitor Gö6983 slowed the decay rate of intracellular DAG concentration. Activation of the mouse H1R mutant lacking a putative PKC phosphorylation site, Ser399, responsible for the receptor desensitization, resulted in a prolonged intracellular DAG increase and greater Mn2+ influx through the TRPC6 channel. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that PKC-dependent H1R phosphorylation leads to a reduced production of intracellular DAG that contributes to TRPC6 activity regulation.
Statistical properties of Rayleigh backscattering in single-mode fibers (1990)

An analytical model that takes into account the influence of the laser linewidth on Rayleigh backscattering is given. For an unmodulated source the power spectral density is found to be identical to the delayed self-homodyne spectrum of the laser. The backscattered signal was measured for different laser linewidths, and the results are compared with the theory. The effects of Rayleigh backscattering noise on fiber gyroscopes and bidirectional optical systems are discussed.
Improved discrimination of AD patients using β-amyloid <sub>(1-42)</sub> and tau levels in CSF (1999)

The combined measure of CSF Abeta42 and tau meets the requirements for clinical use in discriminating AD from normal aging and specific neurologic disorders.
TMOS novel uncooled sensors &#x2014; theory and practice (2008)

This paper presents a novel approach, where the sensor is implemented as MOS transistor on SOI wafer, and is used as uncooled thermal detector (TMOS). The sensor is operated in subthreshold region where the current has exponential dependence on temperature with current sensitivities exceeding 4%/K. The fabrication of the sensor using standard and reliable CMOS-SOI technology combined with monolithic integration of readout circuitry and very simple post-processing, guaranties low production cost and predicts high performance.
Experimental and theoretical characterization of Al<sub>3</sub>Sc precipitates in Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Sc–Zr alloys (2006)

Abstract The structure of Al3Sc precipitates in Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Sc–Zr alloys annealed at 450°C was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The Al3Sc particles contain mainly Sc and small amounts of Zr, Si, and Cu. The addition of Zr limits the size of the Al3Sc precipitates to about 10–30nm, and these precipitates are coherent with the matrix. Density functional energy calculations showed that exceptionally small energies are required to dissolve Zr and Cu in Sc and Al sublattices, respectively. On the contrary, Cu, Mg, and Si are difficult to be dissolved in the Sc sublattice.
Expression of antiapoptotic genes <i>bcl-xL</i> and <i>ced-9</i> in tomato enhances tolerance to viral-induced necrosis and abiotic stress (2004)

D satellite RNA (satRNA) is a strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) satRNA that induces an epidemic lethal disease in tomato. No natural resistance or tolerance has ever been found. Previously, we demonstrated the involvement of programmed cell death in disease development. Here, transgenic tomato plants expressing animal antiapoptotic genes bcl-xL and ced-9 were generated through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. High expression of bcl-xL or ced-9 affected plant growth and seed development. Inoculation of seedlings with CMV/D satRNA at T(1) and T(2) generations resulted in delayed cell-death symptoms or absence of symptoms. The degree of symptom suppression was correlated with increasing expression levels of the transgenes. Survival rates were compared among inoculated transgenic lines expressing bcl-xL, ced-9, and bcl-xL (G138A), a loss-of-function mutant of bcl-xL. More than 80% of the bcl-xL and ced-9 T(1) transgenic lines showed higher survival rates than the average for bcl-xL (G138A) transgenic lines. Total RNA extracted from surviving plants contained D satRNA, indicating systemic accumulation of D satRNA. Thus, expression of bcl-xL and ced-9 improved tolerance to, rather than resistance to, CMV/D satRNA infection. In addition, expression of bcl-xL and ced-9 specifically abrogated the formation of necrotic lesions, but not other symptoms, in tomato leaves during chilling at 4 degrees C. At 7 degrees C, temperature-induced leaf senescence was dramatically delayed in bcl-xL and ced-9 transgenic plants, and high levels of anthocyanins accumulated, possibly limiting oxidative stress. Hence, expression of these animal antiapoptotic genes improved plant survival under abiotic or biotic stress.
Fracture dynamics in implanted silicon (2015)

Crack propagation in implanted silicon for thin layer transfer is experimentally studied. The crack propagation velocity as a function of split temperature is measured using a designed optical setup. Interferometric measurement of the gap opening is performed dynamically and shows an oscillatory crack “wake” with a typical wavelength in the centimetre range. The dynamics of this motion is modelled using beam elasticity and thermodynamics. The modelling demonstrates the key role of external atmospheric pressure during crack propagation. A quantification of the amount of gas trapped inside pre-existing microcracks and released during the fracture is made possible, with results consistent with previous studies.
A systematic method of hybrid position/force control of a manipulator (2005)

The feasibility of applying robot manipulators to complex handling and assembly problems in indus try and space depends on the ability to control manipulators precisely, even when there are uncertainties and variations in the environment. This can be done by giving a manipulator hand sensors that provide information about the progress of interactions with the environment. A method is presented for controlling both the position of a manipulator and the contact forces generated at the hand. This hybrid controller has the feature of permitting trajectories to be specified in a convenient Cartesian coordinate system, while offering advantages over the existing approximate "free joint" methods. An experimental implementation of the controller was developed and used to control two joints of a modified Scheinman manipulator equipped with a wrist mounted force sensor. Data from this implementation are presented along with the results from a simple simulation.
Synthesis of mono- and 1,3-disubstituted allenes from propargylic amines via palladium-catalysed hydride-transfer reaction (2008)

Mono- and 1,3-disubstituted allenes were synthesized from the corresponding propargylamines via palladium-catalysed hydride-transfer reaction. In the current transformation, propargylic amines can be handled as allenyl anion equivalents and introduced into various electrophiles to be transformed into allenes under palladium-catalyzed conditions.
Formation of Bubbles in a Multisection Flow‐Focusing Junction (2010)

Abstract The formation of bubbles in a flow‐focusing (FF) junction comprising multiple rectangular sections is described. The simplest junctions comprise two sections ( throat and orifice ). Systematic investigation of the influence on the formation of bubbles of the flow of liquid and the geometry of the junction identifies regimes that generate monodisperse, bidisperse, and tridisperse trains of bubbles. The mechanisms by which these junctions form monodisperse and bidisperse bubbles are inferred from the shapes of the gas thread during breakup: these mechanisms differ primarily by the process in which the gas thread collapses in the throat and/or orifice. The dynamic self‐assembly of bidisperse bubbles leads to unexpected groupings of bubbles during their flow along the outlet channel.
Domestic institutional quality and the effectiveness of global Greenhouse gases mitigation (2021)

This study addressed the effectiveness of Kyoto Protocol (KP) as an international institution and the interplay of domestic institutions and KP by employing a difference-in-difference estimation. The results indicated low effectiveness, in general, but not ineffectiveness. Regarding the KP, not only its formal and defined rules but also the demonstration of the intention to cooperate was bound to influence emissions’ reduction. Domestic institutions were more influential than the effects of KP international institution. However, political, legal rights, and economic institutional qualities presented distinct effects over emissions’ mitigation.
Topical epinephrine effects on true outflow resistance and pseudofacility in vervet monkeys studied by a new anterior chamber perfusion technique. (1968)

Outflow facility was measured in 20 anesthetized vervet monkeys by two techniques; both involved the recording of the rate of inflow of fluid from a reservoir connected to the anterior chamber. In the flrst technique the pressure in the anterior chamber was periodically raised and lowered, while the extraocular venous pressure was not changed. In the second technique the intraocular pressure was kept constant and the extraocular venous pressure periodically raised and lowered by changing the positive pressure against which the animal was breathing. The trunk of the monkey was in a pressure suit, and the venous pressure was recorded from the sagittal sinus. The change in inflow rate from the reservoir divided by the pressure change that caused it gives a facility. With technique 1 the facility is the sum of true outflow facility and pseudofacility, and with technique 2 it approaches true facility. One eye of the monkeys had been treated with 2 drops of 2 per cent l-epinephrine bitartrate one hour before the experiment. Both eyes were studied simultaneously and the two techniques applied in the order No. 1, No. 2, No. 1. Pseudofacility was estimated as the difference between the results of techniques 1 and 2; epinephrine effects were estimated by comparing the two eyes. In 11 untreated eyes pseudofacility was 0.087 ± 0.034 (S.E.M.) and true facility 0.311 ± 0.054 (S.E.M.)
Learning Hierarchical Semantic Segmentations of LIDAR Data (2015)

This paper investigates a method for semantic segmentation of small objects in terrestrial LIDAR scans in urban environments. The core research contribution is a hierarchical segmentation algorithm where potential merges between segments are prioritized by a learned affinity function and constrained to occur only if they achieve a significantly high object classification probability. This approach provides a way to integrate a learned shape-prior (the object classifier) into a search for the best semantic segmentation in a fast and practical algorithm. Experiments with LIDAR scans collected by Google Street View cars throughout ~100 city blocks of New York City show that the algorithm provides better segmentations and classifications than simple alternatives for cars, vans, traffic lights, and street lights.
Highly Luminescent CuInS<sub>2</sub>/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals: Cadmium-Free Quantum Dots for In Vivo Imaging (2009)

Strongly luminescent CuInS2/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals were synthesized from copper iodide, indium acetate, zinc stearate, and dodecanethiol as starting compounds in octadecene solvent. The as-prepared core/shell nanocrystals exhibit a low size distribution (<10%), and present photoluminescence in the range of 550−815 nm with a maximum fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of 60%. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the lifetimes of the different spectral components are on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds, indicating that donor−acceptor pair recombinations are at the origin of the observed emission bands. The CuInS2/ZnS nanocrystals were subsequently transferred to the aqueous phase via surface ligand exchange with dihydrolipoic acid and used as fluorescent labels for in vivo imaging. After tail vein injection into nude mice, the biodistribution of the quantum dots was monitored during 24 h using fluorescence reflectance imaging.
Improving exchange-spring nanocomposite permanent magnets (2004)

We demonstrate a counterintuitive approach for improving exchange-spring magnets. Contrary to the general belief that the exchange–spring interface must be ideal and atomically coherent, we thermally process, by annealing or high-temperature deposition, epitaxial Sm–Co∕Fe thin-film bilayers to induce interfacial mixing. Synchrotron x-ray scattering and electron microscopy elemental mapping confirm the formation of a graded interface. The thermal processing enhances the nucleation field and the energy product. The hysteresis loop becomes more single-phase-like yet the magnetization remains fully reversible. Model simulations produce demagnetization behaviors similar to experimental observations.
Direct determination of sulfur in Bisphenol A at ultratrace levels by means of solid sampling-electrothermal vaporization-ICP-MS (2001)

It is known that the accurate determination of ppm levels of sulfur in solid samples is very complicated. One of the approaches that have been evaluated in order to improve the detection limits for this element is the use of electrothermal vaporization (ETV) as an alternative means of sample introduction in ICP mass spectrometry. In this way, it is possible to achieve a significant decrease of the oxygen-based interferences. In this work, the possibilities of electrothermal vaporization ICP-MS for sulfur determination are extended one step further, as the direct determination of the analyte in two Bisphenol samples (about 0.3 and 2 µg g−1) is carried out. Bisphenol A is a precursor in the production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins, in which sulfur is present as an impurity. 34S was the isotope selected for the determination. Palladium (0.5 µg) was found to be the best chemical modifier and is capable of both preventing analyte losses (up to a pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C) and improving the sensitivity. Some evidence as to the way in which it may act is also presented. Nitric acid was added as well in order to favour an efficient matrix removal prior to the release of the analyte. The resulting solid sampling-electrothermal vaporization-ICP-MS method combines very interesting features for this particular element: a high sample throughput (20–25 min per sample), a low limit of detection (4 ng g−1) and a reduced risk of analyte losses and/or contamination. Moreover, it presents some advantages over the dedicated sulfur analyzers that are very popular in the industry: low sample consumption (a few milligrams), multi-element possibilities and the ability to use aqueous standard solutions for calibration. On the other hand, the overall method cannot be considered as very economic, but, for many laboratories that already own an ICP-MS instrument, the acquisition of an ETV device would be relatively inexpensive.
Antidepressant effects of ketamine: mechanisms underlying fast-acting novel antidepressants (2013)

Newer antidepressants are needed for the many individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) that do not respond adequately to treatment and because of a delay of weeks before the emergence of therapeutic effects. Recent evidence from clinical trials shows that the NMDA antagonist ketamine is a revolutionary novel antidepressant because it acts rapidly and is effective for treatment-resistant patients. A single infusion of ketamine alleviates depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant depressed patients within hours and these effects may be sustained for up to 2 weeks. Although the discovery of ketamine's effects has reshaped drug discovery for antidepressants, the psychotomimetic properties of this compound limit the use of this therapy to the most severely ill patients. In order to develop additional antidepressants like ketamine, adequate preclinical behavioral screening paradigms for fast-acting antidepressants need to be established and used to identify the underlying neural mechanisms. This review examines the preclinical literature attempting to model the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine. Acute administration of ketamine has produced effects in behavioral screens for antidepressants like the forced swim test, novelty suppression of feeding and in rodent models for depression. Protracted behavioral effects of ketamine have been reported to appear after a single treatment that last for days. This temporal pattern is similar to its clinical effects and may serve as a new animal paradigm for rapid antidepressant effects in humans. In addition, protracted changes in molecules mediating synaptic plasticity have been implicated in mediating the antidepressant-like behavioral effects of ketamine. Current preclinical studies are examining compounds with more specific pharmacological effects at glutamate receptors and synapses in order to develop additional rapidly acting antidepressants without the hallucinogenic side effects or abuse potential of ketamine.
Push—pull microring-assisted space-and-wavelength selective switch (2020)

We introduce a novel design of a space-and-wavelength selective switch based on microring-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Multiple pairs of overcoupled microring resonators are incorporated as efficient and narrowband phase shifters and are driven in push-pull scheme. We design and demonstrate a 2×2×2<i>λ</i> elementary switch block with full spatial and spectral switching capabilities. The switching device's cross talk suppression and extinction ratio both exceed 21 dB. We measure over 75 GHz optical bandwidth per channel and less than 1.5 dB power penalty at 10<sup>-9</sup> BER when two 32 Gbps on-off keying signals are loaded simultaneously. This new class of switching elements can further enable compact and high-performance space-and-wavelength selective switch fabrics without the need for wavelength (de)multiplexers or parallel switching planes.
Electrical tuning of metal-insulator-metal metasurface with electro-optic polymer (2018)

Electrically tunable active metasurfaces are attracting great interest as a possible means to realize two-dimensional pixelated surface-normal modulators for wide applications, such as high-speed imaging, optical interconnects, and photonic switching. In this work, we fabricate a metallic metasurface embedded with an electro-optic (EO) polymer and experimentally demonstrate the electrical tuning of its reflectance property. Unlike the previously demonstrated surface-normal modulators based on the EO polymer, we utilize the Fabry-Perot resonance of a metal-insulator-metal mode to trap the incident light inside a thin EO polymer layer to enhance the modulation efficiency. By applying voltage between the top and bottom layers of Au, we observe a clear spectral shift in the plasmonic resonance as well as a 5-MHz dynamic modulation at 1630-nm wavelength.
Rotating Electrode Current Density Cells to Simulate High Speed Electrodeposition (1991)

SummaryUsing the principles incorporated in the Hull cell a series of innovative cell designs has been studied in which electrode rotation has been employed as a means of providing quantified agitation. Two designs incorporate rotating cylinder electrodes and two use rotating cone electrodes. The latter two provide reasonably systematic data and the cell using an inverted cone mode is believed to give the best results. Experimental data are presented and the manner of use of such a ‘Dynamic Hull Cell’ indicated.
MALDI MS Analysis of Oligonucleotides:  Desalting by Functional Magnetite Beads Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (2007)

The presence of alkali cation adductions of oligonucleotides commonly deteriorates matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectra. Thus, desalting is required for oligonucleotide samples prior to MALDI MS analysis in order to prevent the mass spectra from developing poor quality. In this paper, we demonstrate a new approach to extract traces of oligonucleotides from aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of salts using microwave-assisted extraction. The C18-presenting magnetite beads, capable of absorbing microwave irradiation, are used as affinity probes for oligonucleotides with the addition of triethylammonium acetate as the counterions. This new microwave-assisted extraction approach using magnetite beads as the trapping agents and as microwave-absorbers has been demonstrated to be very effective in the selective binding of oligonucleotides from aqueous solutions. The extraction of oligonucleotides from solutions onto the C18-presenting magnetite beads takes only 30 s to enrich oligonucleotides in sufficient quantities for MALDI MS analysis. After using this desalting approach, alkali cation adductions of oligonucleotides are dramatically reduced in the MALDI mass spectra. The presence of saturated NaCl (approximately 6 M) in the oligonucleotide sample is tolerated without degrading the mass spectra. The detection limit for d(A)6 is approximately 2.8 fmol.
Statistical analysis and modeling of programming and retention in PCM arrays (2007)

In this work programming and retention statistics in phase change memory arrays are discussed and modeled. In particular, we provide a) an analytical, empirical model for set, reset and retention statistics and b) a physics-based retention model based on crystallization in presence of composition fluctuations at the nm scale of the active material. The models allow predicting programming/retention distributions at array level.
186. The oxidation of calcium in moist oxygen (1961)

S. J. Gregg and W. B. Jepson, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 884 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610000884
Create New Glory on Achievements of Past 60 Years——In Commemoration of CPAFFC’s 60th Anniversary (2013)

As 2014,a year of hope and expectations,approaches,we are filled with joy and excitement to greet the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries(CPAFFC).Looking back at the brilliant course over the past six
Alimentary Helminths of Dipodomys ordii: Effects on the Host Population (1976)

Herschel W. Garner, Larry W. Richardson, Lionel A. Felts, Alimentary Helminths of Dipodomys ordii: Effects on the Host Population, The Southwestern Naturalist, Vol. 21, No. 3 (Nov. 20, 1976), pp. 327-334