gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histological Behavior of Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linked Bovine Collagen Injected Into the Human Bladder for the Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux (1994)

Endoscopic subureteral collagen injection has become an accepted means for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological behavior of glutaraldehyde cross-linked bovine collagen implants. The specimens were harvested from 29 patients who underwent reimplant surgery 2 to 30 months (mean 9.5) after unsuccessful subureteral injection therapy. In addition to routine hematoxylin and eosin staining, a new staining method (solophenyl red 3BL) able to demonstrate selectively neoformation of types I and III human collagen, was applied. Invasion of host fibroblasts into the bovine implant and the formation of endogenous types I and III collagen were demonstrated in all 29 cases. Adverse histological reactions were rare and, if present, they were predominantly of an inflammatory nature.
XAL: an algebra for XML query optimization (2002)

This paper proposes XAL, an XML ALgebra. Its novelty is based on the simplicity of its data model and its well-defined logical operators, which makes it suitable for composability, optimizability, and semantics definition of a query language for XML data. At the heart of the algebra resides the notion of collection, a concept similar to the mathematician's monad or functional programmer's comprehension. The operators are classified in three clusters: extraction operators retrieve the needed information from XML documents, meta-operators control the evaluation of expressions, and construction operators build new XML documents from the extracted data. The resulting algebra has optimization laws similar to the known laws for transforming relational queries. As a consequence, we propose a heuristic optimization algorithm similar to its relational algebra counterpart.
Development in hepatitis C during 1997 - 1999 (1999)

Hepatitis C has become an area of intensive research over the past several years. With current worldwide prevalence estimated at 150 to 200 million people, and with almost four million Americans infected, it is a major public health issue [1]. Of those infected, over 85% will develop chronic infection [2,3]. Of those who develop chronic infection, 20% will develop cirrhosis, and in the cirrhotic population, 20% develop hepatocellular carcinoma [4]. It is still difficult in the early stages of disease to determine who is at risk of developing cirrhosis, and therefore who would benefit most from therapy. However, even in the non-cirrhotic individual, there are many symptomatic manifestations of the disease that lead clinicians to initiate therapy [5]. The ultimate goal of treatment is to achieve sustained eradication of the virus. Until recently, the mainstay of treatment has been interferon (IFN-) monotherapy, which is less than 25% effective and is generally accompanied by side effects. Newer therapeutic modalities focus on less toxic compounds, targeting viral proteins such as protease or helicase, or viral genomic segments with antisense peptides and ribozymes. This chapter is an overview of the patent literature from 1997 to mid-1999 and discusses possible new treatment options including vaccines and delivery systems to cells (Figure 1).
Electrooxidation of CO and H<sub>2</sub>/CO Mixtures on Pt(111) in Acid Solutions (1999)

Electrocatalysis of CO oxidation and the interfacial structure of the CO adlayer (COad) on the Pt(111) surface in 0.5 M H2SO4 were examined by using the rotating disk electrode method in combination with in situ surface X-ray diffraction measurements. The results presented here elucidate the roles played by two different forms of COad: one which is oxidized at lower overpotentials, in the so-called preoxidation region, we characterize as a weakly adsorbed state (COad.w), and a strongly adsorbed state (COad,s) which is oxidized at higher overpotentials. The COad,w state forms at saturation coverage by adsorption at E < 0.15 V and assumes a compressed p(2 × 2) structure containing 3 CO molecules in the unit cell (0.75 CO/Pt). We propose that oxidative removal of COad,w is accompanied by simultaneous relaxation of the CO adlayer, and that the remaining COad (≈0.6 CO/Pt) assumes a new bonding state which we identify as COad,s. The COad,s state is present in a structure lacking long-range order. Despite the reduced coverage by COad, H2 electrooxidation is still completely poisoned at potentials below 0.6 V. The electrooxidation of CO in solution is proposed to occur via the COad,w state at 0.6−0.8 V, and via the COad,s at higher potentials.
A new member of the interleukin 10-related cytokine family encoded by a poxvirus (2004)

Poxviruses express numerous proteins involved in manipulating the host immune response. Analysis of the primary sequence and predicted structure of the 134R protein of Yaba-like disease virus (Y134R) indicated that it is similar to cellular proteins of the IL-10 family, specifically IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24. A flag-tagged Y134R was expressed from mammalian cells and identified as a secreted, monomeric glycoprotein that stimulated signal transduction from class II cytokine receptors IL-20Ralpha/IL-20Rbeta (IL-20R type1) and IL-22R/IL-20Rbeta (IL-20R type 2). Y134R induced phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription, their translocation to the nucleus and the induction of reporter gene expression. In contrast, Y134R was unable to induce similar responses from either the IL-22 or IFN-lambda (IL-28A, IL-28B, IL-29) class II cytokine receptors. To examine the role Y134R plays during a poxvirus infection, a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing Y134R was constructed and tested in a murine intranasal infection model. Compared with control viruses, the virus expressing Y134R had a reduced virulence, manifested by reduced weight loss, signs of illness and virus titres in infected organs. These results demonstrate that Y134R is a new viral member of the IL-10-related cytokine family and that its activity in vivo affects virus virulence.
Thermally induced disorder in organized organic monolayers on solid substrates (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermally induced disorder in organized organic monolayers on solid substratesSidney R. Cohen, Ron Naaman, and Jacob SagivCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 14, 3054–3056Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100405a004https://doi.org/10.1021/j100405a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views519Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Research of mosaicing low overlapping images based on feature and color transfer (2009)

In this paper, the method of image mosaics based on feature points and color transfer is presented. First, feature points are extracted and matched by sift algorithm, probabilistic screening is used to improve the accuracy of matching. Then, in lalphabeta color model, the algorithm of color transfer is improved to adjust the brightness of the images to solve the problem of different illumination. Graph cut and multiresolution fusion techniques are used to cope with ghosting. The affectivity of the method is demonstrated on our experimental results.
Discriminant analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns in fecal streptococci, a method to differentiate human and animal sources of fecal pollution in natural waters (1996)

Discriminant analysis of patterns of antibiotic resistance in fecal streptococci was used to differentiate between human and animal sources of fecal pollution in natural waters. A total of 1,435 isolates from 17 samples of cattle, poultry, human, and wild-animal wastes were obtained, and their ability to grow in the presence of four concentrations of five antibiotics (chlortetracycline, halofuginone, oxytetracycline, salinomycin, and streptomycin) was measured. When the resulting antibiotic resistance patterns were analyzed, an average of 74% of the known isolates were correctly classified into one of six possible sources (beef, chicken, dairy, human, turkey, or wild). Ninety-two percent of human isolates were correctly classified. When the isolates were pooled into four possible categories (cattle, human, poultry, and wild), the average rate of correct classification (ARCC) increased to 84%. Human versus animal isolates were correctly classified at an average rate of 95%. Human versus wild isolates had an ARCC of 98%, and cattle versus poultry isolates had an ARCC of 92%. When fecal streptococci that were isolated from surface waters receiving fecal pollution from unknown origins were analyzed, 72% of the isolates from one stream and 68% of the isolates from another were classified as cattle isolates. Because the correct classification rates of these fecal streptococci are much higher than would be expected by chance alone, the use of discriminant analysis appears to hold promise as a method to determine the sources of fecal pollution in natural waters.
Model-based control of rapid thermal processes (2002)

Model-based control for two rapid thermal processing systems has been performed. The condition number of the process influences the control strategies selected and the quality of control that can be achieved. For the Texas Instruments RTP system, a successively linearized quadratic dynamic matrix control (QDMC) strategy using a reduced set of outputs has been developed. Experimental results of the control strategy are presented and compared with internal model control with gain scheduling. The nonlinear controller discussed shows superior performance for the test case studied. The second RTP system designed by SEMATECH exhibits improved controllability. This system has the potential for tighter control of wafer temperature using gain scheduling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pin joints, gears, springs, cranks, and other novel micromechanical structures (1987)

We report here the first fabrication of micrometer-scaled pin joints, gears, springs, cranks, and sliders made with silicon planar technology. These micromechanical structures are batch-fabricated in an IC-compatible process using polysilicon deposited by chemical vapor deposition from silane and the sacrificial-layer technique first described by Howe and Muller. An important feature of this new technology makes use of the high surface mobility of polysilicon during CVD growth to refill undercut regions in order to form restraining flanges. The movable mechanical elements are built on layers that are later removed to free them so that translation and rotation can take place. Although this initial demonstration of the technique for making these structures has employed polysilicon as the structural material and phosphosilicate glass (PSG) for the sacrificial layer, other materials compatible with the IC process can be substituted as appropriate.
Sequence similarity between protein B and human apolipoprotein A‐IV (1989)

Sequence comparison of protein B (CAMP-factor) with human apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) revealed 32% similarity between the N-terminal part of protein B and a part of the putative lipid-binding domain of apo A-IV. The significance of this similarity is discussed with respect to the structure/function relationship of protein B.
The Efficacy and Safety of the 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplant Patients (2011)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in Western civilizations, in particular in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Serum total cholesterol and LDL have been linked to the development of atherosclerosis and progression to CHD in the general population. However, the reductions of total and LDL cholesterol in the dialysis population have not demonstrated the ability to reduce the morbidity, mortality, and cost burden associated with CHD. The patients at greatest risk include those with pre-existing CHD, a CHD-risk equivalent, or multiple risk factors. However, data in the dialysis population are much less impressive, and the relationship between plasma cholesterol, cholesterol reduction, use of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, and reduction in incidence of CHD or effect on progression of renal disease have not been proven. Adverse event information from published trials indicates that agents within this class share similar tolerability and adverse event profiles. Hepatic transaminase elevations may occur in 1 to 2% of patients and is dose related. Myalgia, myopathy, and rhabodmyolysis occur infrequently and are more common in kidney transplant patients and patients with CKD. This effect appears to be dose related and may be precipitated by administration with agents that inhibit cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes. Caution should be exercised when coadministering any statin with drugs that metabolize through cytochrome P-450 IIIA-4 in particular fibrates, cyclosporine, and azole antifungals. Elderly patients with CKD are at greater risk of adverse drug reactions, and therefore the lowest possible dose of statins should be used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Positive and negative regulation of carbon nanotube catalysts through encapsulation within macrocycles (2018)

One of the most attractive applications of carbon nanomaterials is as catalysts, due to their extreme surface-to-volume ratio. The substitution of C with heteroatoms (typically B and N as p- and n-dopants) has been explored to enhance their catalytic activity. Here we show that encapsulation within weakly doping macrocycles can be used to modify the catalytic properties of the nanotubes towards the reduction of nitroarenes, either enhancing it (n-doping) or slowing it down (p-doping). This artificial regulation strategy presents a unique combination of features found in the natural regulation of enzymes: binding of the effectors (the macrocycles) is noncovalent, yet stable thanks to the mechanical link, and their effect is remote, but not allosteric, since it does not affect the structure of the active site. By careful design of the macrocycles' structure, we expect that this strategy will contribute to overcome the major hurdles in SWNT-based catalysts: activity, aggregation, and specificity.
698. Aluminium hydride adducts of trimethylamine: vibrational spectra and structure (1963)

G. W. Fraser, N. N. Greenwood and B. P. Straughan, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3742 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630003742
A structured object modeling method SOMM and its environment SOME (1996)

Abstract It is often pointed out that existing object‐oriented analysis/design methods have problems that make comprehension of design diagrams difficult because too many classes are displayed in a single diagram, design diagrams cannot be reused and details of dynamic behavior cannot be described on design diagrams, etc. To solve these problems, an object modeling method called SOMM is proposed and its modeling environment SOME is proposed where design diagrams are hierarchically structured. With SOMM, objects are modeled from different viewpoints and are represented using four types of diagrams. Derivation Diagram: DD expresses inheritance relationships among classes; Object Diagram: OD represents association among classes; Even‐trace Diagram: ETD shows even communication sequence among classes; and State‐transition Diagram: STD expresses state transitions in a class life cycle. Aggregation among classes is represented by embedding (Zoom In) an object diagram into a class of another object diagram. As a result, the diagrams are hierarchically structurized. Moreover, because the diagrams are made and controlled for each class, reuse is easy. Further, all these three models of a class are stored in an integrated object, so SOME can check inconsistency among related diagrams and correct them. Meanwhile, the event‐trace diagram is extended to represent the details of dynamic behavior of a class, especially the sequence of reactions to the incoming event. Thus the programs could be made systematically and directly from the diagrams.
Characterisation of genetic diversity in potential biomass willows (<i>Salix</i> spp.) by RAPD and AFLP analyses (1999)

The genus Salix (willow) contains a number of species which have great potential value as biomass crops in short rotation coppice (SRC). Efforts to improve biomass willows by breeding are currently hampered by the limited information available on genetic diversity and on genetic relationships within and among species, clones, and hybrids in the gene pool. Hybridisation occurs commonly in nature and the relatedness of many clones is unclear. Molecular markers were used to assess genetic diversity in a reference set of willows maintained within the U.K. National Collection and 16 elite clones currently being evaluated in field trials at several European sites. The two marker systems tested, RAPDs and AFLPs, were equally informative for revealing relationships within the reference set of clones. No differences were observed when alternative similarity coefficients were compared or when analysis was restricted to the use of polymorphic bands only. Good agreement with available knowledge of the clonal origins was obtained and one instance of duplicate clones was identified. AFLPs revealed more genetic diversity and discriminated between closely related clones. A difference in the relationships revealed was observed with one AFLP primer combination. RAPDs were more problematic, both in terms of reproducibility and scorability.Key words: Salix, willow, diversity, AFLP, RAPD, biomass.
Roasted lamb fat: basic volatile components (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRoasted lamb fat: basic volatile componentsRon G. Buttery, Louisa C. Ling, Roy Teranishi, and Thomas R. MonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1977, 25, 6, 1227–1229Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60214a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60214a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Injury markers predict time to dementia in subjects with MCI and amyloid pathology (2012)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> Alzheimer disease (AD) can now be diagnosed in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using biomarkers. However, little is known about the rate of decline in those subjects. In this cohort study, we aimed to assess the conversion rate to dementia and identify prognostic markers in subjects with MCI and evidence of amyloid pathology. <h3>Methods:</h3> We pooled subjects from the VU University Medical Center Alzheimer Center and the Development of Screening Guidelines and Criteria for Predementia Alzheimer9s Disease (DESCRIPA) study. We included subjects with MCI, an abnormal level of β-amyloid<sub>1−42</sub> (Aβ<sub>1–42</sub>) in the CSF, and at least one diagnostic follow-up visit. We assessed the effect of <i>APOE</i> genotype, CSF total tau (t-tau) and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau) and hippocampal volume on time to AD-type dementia using Cox proportional hazards models and on decline on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) using linear mixed models. <h3>Results:</h3> We included 110 subjects with MCI with abnormal CSF Aβ<sub>1–42</sub> and a mean MMSE score of 26.3 ± 2.8. During a mean follow-up of 2.2 ± 1.0 (range 0.4–5.0) years, 63 subjects (57%) progressed to AD-type dementia. Abnormal CSF t-tau (hazard ratio [HR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–4.6, <i>p</i> = 0.03) and CSF p-tau (HR 3.5, 95% CI 1.3–9.2, <i>p</i> = 0.01) concentration and hippocampal atrophy (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.6, <i>p</i> = 0.02) predicted time to dementia. For subjects with both abnormal t-tau concentration and hippocampal atrophy, HR was 7.3 (95% CI 1.0–55.9, <i>p</i> = 0.06). Furthermore, abnormal CSF t-tau and p-tau concentrations and hippocampal atrophy predicted decline in MMSE score. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> In subjects with MCI and evidence of amyloid pathology, the injury markers CSF t-tau and p-tau and hippocampal atrophy can predict further cognitive decline.
Main Group Lewis Acid-Mediated Transformations of Transition-Metal Hydride Complexes (2016)

This Review highlights stoichiometric reactions and elementary steps of catalytic reactions involving cooperative participation of transition-metal hydrides and main group Lewis acids. Included are reactions where the transition-metal hydride acts as a reactant as well as transformations that form the metal hydride as a product. This Review is divided by reaction type, illustrating the diverse roles that Lewis acids can play in mediating transformations involving transition-metal hydrides as either reactants or products. We begin with a discussion of reactions where metal hydrides form direct adducts with Lewis acids, elaborating the structure and dynamics of the products of these reactions. The bulk of this Review focuses on reactions where the transition metal and Lewis acid act in cooperation, and includes sections on carbonyl reduction, H2 activation, and hydride elimination reactions, all of which can be promoted by Lewis acids. Also included is a section on Lewis acid-base secondary coordination sphere interactions, which can influence the reactivity of hydrides. Work from the past 50 years is included, but the majority of this Review focuses on research from the past decade, with the intent of showcasing the rapid emergence of this field and the potential for further development into the future.