gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Air-Drying Technique for Flattening Chromosomes in Mammalian Cells Grown<i>In Vitro</i> (1958)

AbstractThe method described was developed to facilitate the analysis of chromosome complements in cells freshly isolated from monkey kidney cortex and grown on glass, and in “altered” monkey cells grown on glass or in suspension. Cells were treated with hypotonic solution (quarter-strength Tyrode or diluted medium) for 30 min, or with colchicine in a final concentration of 25 μg/ml (.0025%) for 12-18 hr followed by hypotonic salt solution for 5 min, then fixed in acetic alcohol (1:3) for 5 min. With cells centrifuged from suspended cultures, addition of fixative had to be gradual. Directly after fixation, films of cells on slides were air dried completely. This produces a more uniform and complete flattening of cells than can be achieved by manual pressure; yet, fragmentation of chromosome complements does not occur. Fixed and air dried slides may be stored for days without deterioration or they may be stained immediately in 2% natural orcein (G. T. Gurr, London) in 50% acetic acid. Preparations can be made permanent by a dry ice schedule, without loss, shrinkage, or distortion of cells.
ATFM computational agent based on reinforcement learning aggregating human expert experience (2011)

Air Traffic Management (ATM) is defined as a broad domain that consists of complex activities such as Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM). Within this context this paper presents two prototypes of a module (MAAD) assembled in a decision support device that is based on Artificial Intelligence, which generates suggestions for air traffic flow control according to each traffic saturation scenario. The device known as Distributed Decision Support System for Air Traffic Flow Management (SISCONFLUX) was built with a computational agent based on Reinforcement Learning (Module MAAD), which uses Q-learning algorithm. Two prototypes were built and one of them incorporated the specialist's (human agent) experience. The performance of the prototypes was evaluated through a case study modeled from real traffic demands verified on certain dates. The results obtained in the case study are promising; the behavior of the prototypes demonstrated that the Q-learning algorithm converged in a satisfying way. The prototypes generated actions that contributed effectively to the reduction of saturation in the air traffic scenarios under test.
A tristable [2]pseudo[2]rotaxane (2010)

A strategy towards increasing the lifetime of the metastable state of a [2]rotaxane incorporating tetrathiafulvalene, 1,5-dioxynaphthalene and bipyridinium (BIPY(2+)) is presented. Incorporation of BIPY(2+) served multiple roles as an electrostatic barrier to relaxation, a supramolecular recognition site for bis-1,5-dioxynaphthalene[38]crown-10 macrocycle, and upon reduction a recognition site for the mechanically bonded cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) ring.
ReqPat: Efficient documentation of high-quality requirements using controlled natural language (2015)

The growing complexity of today's software-intensive systems results in an increased size of requirements specifications, which are typically documented by means of natural language (NL). Large NL requirements specifications are prone to contain defects (e.g., contradictions), and the inherent ambiguity of NL impedes automatic techniques to support the requirements engineer. In order to cope with this problem, we conceived a requirements documentation approach implemented in the tool ReqPat. Using a controlled NL, it supports an efficient requirements documentation, an automatic requirements validation, and an automatic transition to models-while still keeping the requirements understandable for all stakeholders.
Named Entity Extraction from Broadcast News (1999)

In this paper, we contrast the two tasks of named entity extraction from speech and text both qualitatively and quantitatively in the context of the DARPA 1998 Hub4e-IE evaluation. We will present some top level observations and a detailed engineering analysis of our system &apos;s failures and successes. We explore the effects of word error rate, loss of textual clues, amount of training data, changes in guidelines, and out-of-vocabulary errors. 1. Introduction BBN used the IdentiFinder(tm) system (described in [1]) to perform the Named-Entity extraction spoke of the 1998 Hub4 DARPA evaluation. We annotated with named-entity markup the 175 hours of Broadcast News acoustic modelling data, and trained IdentiFinder&apos;s statistical models on it. In test, IdentiFinder segmented the input text into paragraphs by splitting at story boundaries (when working from text) or at 1 second silences (when working from speech). Table 1 shows our official evaluation results for all five transcript conditio...
Knee-Extension Training with a Single-Joint Hybrid Assistive Limb during the Early Postoperative Period after Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Patient with Osteoarthritis (2016)

The knee range of motion is an important outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). According to previous studies, the knee range of motion temporarily decreases for approximately 1 month after TKA due to postoperative pain and quadriceps dysfunction following surgical invasion into the knee extensor mechanism. We describe our experience with a knee-extension training program based on a single-joint hybrid assistive limb (HAL-SJ, Cyberdyne Inc., Tsukuba, Japan) during the acute recovery phase after TKA. HAL-SJ is a wearable robot suit that facilitates the voluntary control of knee joint motion. A 76-year-old man underwent HAL-SJ-based knee-extension training, which enabled him to perform knee function training during the acute phase after TKA without causing increased pain. Thus, he regained the ability to fully extend his knee postoperatively. HAL-SJ-based knee-extension training can be used as a novel post-TKA rehabilitation modality.
Ground Loops: The Rest of the Story (2010)

The mechanisms that enable so-called ground loops to cause well-known hum, buzz, and other audio system noise problems are well known. But what causes power-line related currents to flow in signal cables in the first place? This paper explains how magnetic induction in ordinary premises AC wiring creates the small voltage differences normally found among system ground connections, even if “isolated” or “technical” grounding is used. The theoretical basis is explored, experimental data shown, and an actual case history related. Little has been written about this “elephant in the room” topic in engineering literature and apparently none in the context of audio or video systems. It is shown that simply twisting L-N pairs in the premises wiring can profoundly reduce system noise problems. 1. BACKGROUND
Cell type-dependent variations in the subcellular distribution of alpha-mannosidase I and II (1993)

alpha-mannosidases I and II (Man I and II) are resident enzymes of the Golgi complex involved in oligosaccharide processing during N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis that are widely considered to be markers of the cis- and medial-Golgi compartments, respectively. We have investigated the distribution of these enzymes in several cell types by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Man II was most commonly found in medial- and/or trans- cisternae but showed cell type-dependent variations in intra-Golgi distribution. It was variously localized to either medial (NRK and CHO cells), both medial and trans (pancreatic acinar cells, enterocytes), or trans- (goblet cells) cisternae, or distributed across the entire Golgi stack (hepatocytes and some enterocytes). The distribution of Man I largely coincided with that of Man II in that it was detected primarily in medial- and trans-cisternae. It also showed cell type dependent variations in its intra-Golgi distribution. Man I and Man II were also detected within secretory granules and at the cell surface of some cell types (enterocytes, pancreatic acinar cells, goblet cells). In the case of Man II, cell surface staining was shown not to be due to antibody cross-reactivity with oligosaccharide epitopes. These results indicate that the distribution of Man I and Man II within the Golgi stack of a given cell type overlaps considerably, and their distribution from one cell type to another is more variable and less compartmentalized than previously assumed.
Evaluation of an Essential Oil Rich Autotetraploid Cultivar of Vetiver (<i>Vetiveria zizanioides</i>(L.) Nash) (1991)

ABSTRACT A pilot scale performance trial conducted on artificial autotetraploids of vetiver, taken in conjunction with source diploids and two improved diploids revealed the superiority of the selected autotetraploids. The evolved autotetraploid strain, which has been named Sugandha, exhibited 60% improvement in oil productivity over its diploid control.
Highly Luminescent Polymers Containing the 2,3,5,6-Tetraarylated Pyrrolo[3,4-<i>c</i>]pyrrole-1,4-dione (<i>N</i>-Aryl DPP) Chromophore in the Main Chain (2008)

Synthesis and characteristic properties of polymers P-1−P-3 are described containing the 2,3,5,6-tetraarylated pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione unit in the main chain. P-1 is prepared from 2,5-bis(4-t-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(4′-bromophenyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP1) and 9,9-di-n-hexylfluorene-2,7′-bispinacolato-boronester 3, P-2 from 2,5-bis(4′-bromo-phenyl)-3,6-bis(4-t-butylphenyl)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP2) and 3, and P-3 from DPP1, 3, and 2,5-bis(n-hexyloxybenzene)-1,4-bispinacolatoboronester 4 via Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling. Molecular weights of the polymers are about 8000−10 000 Da. All polymers are soluble in common organic solvents such as toluene, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and exhibit a strong fluorescence with Stokes shift up to 56 nm (P-3) and quantum yield up to 81% (P-1). Although P-1 and P-2 are isomers, their optical and electrochemical properties are very different. P-1 with a polyconjugated carbon backbone exhibits absorption and fluorescence maxima of 516 and 569 nm, respectively, which are bathochromically shifted by 15−25 nm with regard to monomer DPP1. In P-2, the π-conjugation of the backbone is interrupted by the lactam N-atoms, so that absorption and fluorescence are similar to those of monomer DPP2 (498 and 531 nm, respectively). Properties of polyconjugated copolymer P-3 are similar to those of P-1. Band gaps of P-1 and P-2 are 2 and 2.3 eV, respectively. Cyclovoltammetric studies indicate irreversible oxidation and reduction cycles.
A multi-resolution approach to extract the address block on flat mail pieces (1991)

A new approach is presented for dealing with the extraction of block address destination (BAD) on flat mail pieces. It is based on the construction of a pyramidal data structure which represents the image with a multi-resolution approach, so that much independence is provided with respect to variable parameters such as the size of characters, number of lines, and handwritten or machine printed. A top-down analysis is then performed on the pyramidal structure to interpret the various blocks segmented and their relationship between every level of the pyramid. Results are given in order to demonstrate the performances of this method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low Dimensional Modeling for Zero-Net Mass-Flux Actuators (2004)

The flow field generated by a zero-net mass-flux (ZNMF) actuator is investigated via both numerical simulations and experiments to augment the current understanding of the flow physics of the orifice. The results aid in improving the accuracy of low dimensional lumped element ZNMF models suitable for design. Dimensional analysis yields a number of key parameters that govern the characteristics of this flow. Among them for a sharp rectangular slot or circular orifice are the Reynolds number, the dimensionless stroke length, and the orifice height-to-diameter ratio. Variation of these parameters shows that the flow field differs appreciably from the exact linear solution of pipe flow driven by an oscillatory pressure gradient. In particular, depending on the stroke length and the orifice geometry, the pressure drop in the orifice may be dominated by nonlinear minor losses due to entrance/exit effects, or linear major losses associated with the presence of a nominally fully-developed region in the central region of the orifice/slot.
Microgel‐Based Engineered Nanostructures and Their Applicability with Template‐Directed Layer‐by‐Layer Polyelectrolyte Assembly in Protein Encapsulation (2005)

A novel strategy for the fabrication of microcapsules is elaborated by employing biomacromolecules and a dissolvable template. Calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) microparticles were used as sacrificial templates for the two-step deposition of polyelectrolyte coatings by surface controlled precipitation (SCP) followed by the layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption technique to form capsule shells. When sodium alginate was used for inner shell assembly, template decomposition with an acid resulted in simultaneous formation of microgel-like structures due to calcium ion-induced gelation. An extraction of the calcium after further LbL treatment resulted in microcapsules filled with the biopolymer. The hollow as well as the polymer-filled polyelectrolyte capsules were characterized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scanning force microscopy (SFM). The results demonstrated multiple functionalities of the CaCO(3) core - as supporting template, porous core for increased polymer accommodation/immobilization, and as a source of shell-hardening material. The LbL treatment of the core-inner shell assembly resulted in further surface stabilization of the capsule wall and supplementation of a nanostructured diffusion barrier for encapsulated material. The polymer forming the inner shell governs the chemistry of the capsule interior and could be engineered to obtain a matrix for protein/drug encapsulation or immobilization. The outer shell could be used to precisely tune the properties of the capsule wall and exterior. [Diagram: see text] Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) image of microcapsules (insert is after treating with rhodamine 6G to stain the capsule wall).
Blockchain in audit trails : An investigation of how blockchain can help auditors to implement audit trails (2018)

Background: Blockchain have attracted a lot of attention in the last few years. It has been described as a technology that will increase the effectiveness of monitoring and improve the auditability of transactions which would have great implications for accountants and auditors. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how blockchain can help auditors to implement audit trails. The aim is to increase awareness about what the blockchain technology is, investigate if blockchain can be used in audit trails and if it can contribute to more cost-effective, reliable and secure audit trail. Methodology: The study is an exploratory research to increase the knowledge and understanding of blockchain and audit trails. It has a qualitative approach where primary data is collected from a semi-structured interview with Deloitte. Conclusion: The results indicates that there exists a gap in the literature of previously research on blockchain in relation to audit trails that needs further investigation. Furthermore, this study shows that blockchain is a technology with a lot of potential, but knowledge is still limited. This study concludes that there is too little research conducted to be able to provide any conclusive evidence. Due to findings and limitations of this research, suggestions for further research is provided.
The motion of a pushed, sliding workpiece (1988)

It occurs frequently in robotic applications that a robot manipulates a workpiece which is free to slide on a work surface. Because the pressure distribution supporting the workpiece on the work surface cannot in general be known, the motion of the workpiece cannot be calculated uniquely. The authors find the locus of centers of rotation of a workpiece for all possible pressure distributions. The results allow a quantitative understanding of open-loop robot motions which guarantee the alignment of a workpiece. Several sample problems are solved using the results, including the distance that a flat fence, or robot finger, must push a polygonal workpiece to assure that a facet of the workpiece comes into alignment with the fence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thiopurines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - The Role of Pharmacogenetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (2006)

Pharmacogenetics represents the study of variability in drug response due to genetic variations. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, i.e. primarily Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis) is characterized by a chronic or relapsing in-flammation of the digestive tract. The thiopurines 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and azathioprine (AZA), an imidazol deriva-tive and pro-drug of 6-MP, are widely used in IBD, particularly in Crohns disease. The metabolism of thiopurines is complexand individually variable. Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is a key enzyme in this metabolism and exhibits a genetic variability due to a number of variant alleles coding for a defective enzyme. The formation of biologically active thioguanine nucleotides (TGN) and methylated metabolites may vary considerably due to the TPMT activity. Patients with decreased TPMT activity are at increased risk of developing severe side effects if treated with conventional thio-purine doses, due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites. Determinati on of the TPMT phenotype or genotype is often used to identify individuals with increased risk for adverse events. Twenty-one variant TPMT alleles have been described, of which three are more common than the others. An association between inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatasepolymor-phisms and adverse events during thiopurine treatment has also been proposed. In this review, the clinical value of TPMT status determination and pharmacological monitoring of thiopurine metabolites are discussed as well as the increased in-terest in the use of 6-thioguanine, a thiopurine with a less complex metabolism, as an alternative for patients who do not tolerate AZA or 6-MP. It can be concluded that TPMT determination before start of thiopurine therapy is of value to iden-tify individuals with increased risk for adverse reactions due to genetic enzyme deficiency. However, large prospective studies are still needed to evaluate the true benefit of monitoring thiopurine metabolites during thiopurine treatment. Keywords: 6-thioinosine monophosphate (TIMP), azathioprine, TPMT gene, Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase, 6-Thioguanine
TURTLE: A Low-Cost Fault Injection Platform for SRAM-based FPGAs (2019)

This paper presents the TURTLE fault injection platform for inserting faults into SRAM FPGAs. The TURTLE system is designed to gather significant fault injection data to test and validate radiation-induced single-event upset (SEU) mitigation techniques for FPGAs. The TURTLE is a low-cost fault injection platform that emulates upsets within the configuration memory (CRAM) of an FPGA through partial reconfiguration. This work successfully implemented the proposed architecture and performed several successful fault injection campaigns on multiple designs and SEU mitigation techniques. Results in this paper show large amounts of data collected from a fault injection campaign used to validate the PCMF SEU mitigation technique. Over 170 million injections were performed using the TURTLE for this campaign.
Application of surrogate modeling to generate compact and PVT-sensitive IBIS models (2009)

A new proposal of applying surrogate-modeling in input-output buffer information specification (IBIS) is presented. It saves the IBIS data storage resource, extends the model utility to various process-voltage-temperature (PVT) simulations and eliminates the data interpolation deviations.
Calreticulin is a candidate for a calsequestrin-like function in Ca2+-storage compartments (calciosomes) of liver and brain (1990)

In a search for the non-muscle equivalent of calsequestrin (the low-affinity high-capacity Ca2(+)-binding protein responsible for Ca2+ storage within the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum), acidic proteins were extracted from rat liver and brain microsomal preparations and purified by column chromatography. No calsequestrin was observed in these extracts, but the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the major Ca2(+)-binding protein of the liver microsomal fraction was determined and found to correspond to that of calreticulin. This protein was found to bind approx. 50 mol of Ca2+/mol of protein, with low affinity (average Kd approx. 1.0 mM). A monoclonal antibody, C6, raised against skeletal-muscle calsequestrin cross-reacted with calreticulin in SDS/PAGE immunoblots, but polyclonal antibodies reacted with native calreticulin only weakly, or not at all, after SDS denaturation. Immuno-gold decoration of liver ultrathin cryosections with affinity-purified antibodies against liver calreticulin revealed luminal labelling of vacuolar profiles indistinguishable from calciosomes, the subcellular structures previously identified by the use of anti-calsequestrin antibodies. We conclude that calreticulin is the Ca2(+)-binding protein segregated within the calciosome lumen, previously described as being calsequestrin-like. Because of its properties and intraluminal location, calreticulin might play a critical role in Ca2+ storage and release in non-muscle cells, similar to that played by calsequestrin in the muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum.
A study of the mechanism of aniline polymerization (1989)

Abstract A chemical polymerization of aniline is quenched at specific reaction time intervals and the amounts of unreacted aniline and formed p ‐aminodiphenylamine is observed. Oxidation of aniline to generate p ‐aminodiphenylamine is observed. Oxidation of aniline to generate p ‐aminodiphenylamine is the slow step in the plymerization. Furthermore, the tetramer of aniline is used as starting material for polymerization under the same conditions as polymerization of aniline. Direct coupling of two tetramers leading to polymer is not observed. A mechanism of polymerization of aniline is proposed