gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knockout of an endogenous mannosyltransferase increases the homogeneity of glycoproteins produced in Pichia pastoris (2013)

The yeast Pichia pastoris is a common host for the recombinant production of biopharmaceuticals, capable of performing posttranslational modifications like glycosylation of secreted proteins. However, the activity of the OCH1 encoded α-1,6-mannosyltransferase triggers hypermannosylation of secreted proteins at great heterogeneity, considerably hampering downstream processing and reproducibility. Horseradish peroxidases are versatile enzymes with applications in diagnostics, bioremediation and cancer treatment. Despite the importance of these enzymes, they are still isolated from plant at low yields with different biochemical properties. Here we show the production of homogeneous glycoprotein species of recombinant horseradish peroxidase by using a P. pastoris platform strain in which OCH1 was deleted. This och1 knockout strain showed a growth impaired phenotype and considerable rearrangements of cell wall components, but nevertheless secreted more homogeneously glycosylated protein carrying mainly Man8 instead of Man10 N-glycans as a dominant core glycan structure at a volumetric productivity of 70% of the wildtype strain.
Electrical conductivity of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/expanded graphite nanocomposites prepared by <i>in situ</i> polymerization (2012)

Abstract Nanocomposites based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and expanded graphite (EG) have been prepared by in situ polymerization. Morphology of the nanocomposites has been examined by electronic microscopy. The relationship between the preparation method, morphology, and electrical conductivity was studied. Electronic microscopy images reveal that the nanocomposites exhibit well dispersed graphene platelets. The incorporation of EG to the PET results in a sharp insulator‐to‐conductor transition with a percolation threshold (ϕ c ) as low as 0.05 wt %. An electrical conductivity of 10 −3 S/cm was achieved for 0.4 wt % of EG. The low percolation threshold and relatively high electrical conductivity are attributed to the high aspect ratio, large surface area, and uniform dispersion of the EG sheets in PET matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Integrated concurrency analysis in a software development enviornment (1989)

The inherent difficulties of analyzing concurrent software make reliance on a single technique or a single monolithic tool unsatisfactory. A better approach is to apply multiple analysis and verification techniques by coordinating the activities of a variety of small tool components. We describe how this approach has shaped the design of a set of tool components to support concurrency analysis in the Arcadia-1 software development environment. Implementation and experience with key components is described.
The ABS review of counting the homeless (2012)

After several months of considered work with the Homelessness Statistics Reference Group (HSRG) (of which CHP is a member), the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is preparing to release the outcomes from the review of Counting the Homeless, 2006 (CTH). Drawing on the learnings from Australia's leading homelessness academics Professors Chris Chamberlain and David MacKenzie, advice from the HSRG and international research and local evidence, the ABS will launch apaper on 11 September 2012 that: - outlines the ABS statistical definition of homelessness. - reports on its new methodology for estimating homelessness with the 2011 Census data. - releases estimates from the 2001 and 2006 Censuses based on the new methodology. - summarises key findings from the CTH review.
LDPC iteration control by partial parity check (2009)

LDPC codes are increasingly popular in communication standards due to their excellent coding performance and resulting spectral efficiency. Decoding an LDPC is an iterative process, with more iterations using more power but allowing greater coding gain. An effective test for early termination allows control of the iteration count to give a low average number of iterations, resulting in both low power and high coding gain. The method described gives close to optimal iteration control for a useful class of LDPC codes.
Nonstructural Proteins NS1 and NS2 of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Block Activation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (2003)

We have previously shown that the nonstructural (NS) proteins NS1 and NS2 of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) mediate resistance to the alpha/beta interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response. Here, we show that they, in addition, are able to prevent the induction of beta IFN (IFN-beta) after virus infection or double-stranded RNA stimulation. In BRSV-infected MDBK cells upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) such as MxA did not occur, although IFN signaling via JAK/STAT was found intact. In contrast, infection with recombinant BRSVs lacking either or both NS genes resulted in efficient upregulation of ISGs. Biological IFN activity and IFN-beta were detected only in supernatants of cells infected with the NS deletion mutants but not with wild-type (wt) BRSV. Subsequent analyses of IFN-beta promoter activity showed that infection of cells with the double deletion mutant BRSV DeltaNS1/2, but not with BRSV wt, resulted in a significant increase in IFN-beta gene promoter activity. Induction of the IFN-beta promoter depends on the activation of three distinct transcription factors, NF-kappaB, ATF-2/c-Jun, and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3). Whereas NF-kappaB and ATF-2/c-Jun activities were readily detectable and comparable in both wt BRSV- and BRSV DeltaNS1/2-infected cells, phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of IRF-3, however, were observed only after BRSV DeltaNS1/2 infection. NS protein-mediated inhibition of IRF-3 activation and IFN induction should have considerable impact on the pathogenesis and immunogenicity of BRSV.
A SHORT-RANGE ROAD TO VEHICLE MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONS LINK FOR AUTOMATIC DEBITING AND OTHER RTI SERVICES (1991)

This paper reports on the requirements of a two-way data link between a roadside interrogator and a vehicle-mounted transponder with microwave components. This is part of the PAMELA project, designed to develop an acceptable Pan-European system for automatic debiting in a road environment.
Distributional Memory: A General Framework for Corpus-Based Semantics (2010)

Research into corpus-based semantics has focused on the development of ad hoc models that treat single tasks, or sets of closely related tasks, as unrelated challenges to be tackled by extracting different kinds of distributional information from the corpus. As an alternative to this “one task, one model” approach, the Distributional Memory framework extracts distributional information once and for all from the corpus, in the form of a set of weighted word-link-word tuples arranged into a third-order tensor. Different matrices are then generated from the tensor, and their rows and columns constitute natural spaces to deal with different semantic problems. In this way, the same distributional information can be shared across tasks such as modeling word similarity judgments, discovering synonyms, concept categorization, predicting selectional preferences of verbs, solving analogy problems, classifying relations between word pairs, harvesting qualia structures with patterns or example pairs, predicting the typical properties of concepts, and classifying verbs into alternation classes. Extensive empirical testing in all these domains shows that a Distributional Memory implementation performs competitively against task-specific algorithms recently reported in the literature for the same tasks, and against our implementations of several state-of-the-art methods. The Distributional Memory approach is thus shown to be tenable despite the constraints imposed by its multi-purpose nature.
A disjoint path selection scheme based on enhanced shared risk link group management for multi-reliability service (2005)

We consider a mechanism for providing a multi-reliability service in multilayer GMPLS networks. By introducing GMPLS restoration techniques and shared risk link group management, we can provide a highly reliable protected connection service. However, there is a trade-off between reliability and efficiency of network resource usage. In addition, reliability requirements differ depending on the type of service (e.g., Internet access or leased line). Thus, we propose a mechanism for calculating an efficient route for a protected connection that can satisfy specific reliability conditions requested by customers. We also present simulation results that indicate our schemes are remarkably effective for achieving a better balance between end-to-end reliability and efficiency. We also demonstrate the quantitative relationship between availability of service and resource efficiency through simulation experiments
Fluxon propagation on a parallel array of microbridge-type Josephson junctions (1988)

This report describes the experimental results and theoretical considerations of the dynamic behavior and propagation of fluxons on a parallel array of the Nb microbridge-type Josephson junctions. A parallel array has 10 junctions. The spacing between adjacent junctions in an array is any one of three kinds, 2, 20, and 100 μm. For the array with 2 or 20 μm spacing, the dc current-voltage (I-V) characteristic includes a bending affecting the propagation of fluxons. In addition, the oscillation caused by the propagation of fluxons appears if impulse voltage is applied to the input terminal of the array. For the array with 100 μm spacing, on the other hand, the phenomena described above never occur. This report makes the mechanism producing these phenomena clear by numerical calculation of the equation on the equivalent circuit of the array including the measurement circuit.
Isolation Schemes of Virtual Network Platform for Cloud Computing (2012)

Although underlay spectrum sharing has been shown as a promising technique to promote the spectrum utilization in cognitive radio networks (CRNs), it may suffer bad secondary performance due to the strict power constraints imposed at secondary systems and the interference from primary systems. In this paper, we propose a two-phase based cooperative transmission protocol with the interference cancellation (IC) and best-relay selection to improve the secondary performance in underlay models under stringent power constraints while ensuring the primary quality-of-service (QoS). In the proposed protocol, IC is employed at both the secondary relays and the secondary destination, where the IC-based best-relay selection and cooperative relaying schemes are well developed to reduce the interference from primary systems. The closed-form expression of secondary outage probability is derived for the proposed protocol over Rayleigh fading channels. Simulation results show that, with a guaranteed primary outage probability, the proposed protocol can achieve not only lower secondary outage probability but also higher secondary diversity order than the traditional underlay case.
<i>In vivo</i> effects of new inhibitors of catechol‐<i>O</i>‐methyl transferase (1999)

1. The effects of two new synthetic compounds showing in vitro catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor properties were studied in vivo and compared with the effects of nitecapone and Ro-41-0960. 2. QO IA (3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-2,4-pentanedione), QO IIR ([2-(3,4-dihydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)vinyl]phenyl ketone), nitecapone and Ro-41-0960 (30 mg kg(-1), i.p.) were given to reserpinized rats 1 h before the administration of L-DOPA/carbidopa (LD/CD, 50:50 mg kg(-1), i.p.). Locomotor activity was assessed 1 h later. All the COMT inhibitors (COMTI), with the exception of QO IA, markedly potentiated LD/CD reversal of reserpine-induced akinesia. Similar results were obtained when the COMTI were coadministered with LD/CD. The effect of compound QO IIR was dose-dependent (7.5-30 mg kg(-1), i.p.). 3. The COMTI (30 mg kg(-1), i.p.) potentiated LD/CD reversal of both catalepsy and hypothermia of reserpinized mice. 4. QO IIR, nitecapone and Ro-41-0960 (30 mg kg(-1), i.p.) reduced striatal 3-methyl-DOPA (3-OMD) levels and increased dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels. Compound QO IA was devoid of any effect on striatal amine levels. In contrast to the other inhibitors, Ro-41-0961 reduced HVA levels as well. The effect of QO IIR on striatal amine levels was dose-dependent (7.5-60 mg kg(-1), i.p.) 5. These results suggest that the new compound QO IIR is an effective peripherally acting COMT inhibitor in vivo.
The impact of the Lombard effect on audio and visual speech recognition systems (2018)

When producing speech in noisy backgrounds talkers reflexively adapt their speaking style in ways that increase speech-in-noise intelligibility. This adaptation, known as the Lombard effect, is likely to have an adverse effect on the performance of automatic speech recognition systems that have not been designed to anticipate it. However, previous studies of this impact have used very small amounts of data and recognition systems that lack modern adaptation strategies. This paper aims to rectify this by using a new audio-visual Lombard corpus containing speech from 54 different speakers – significantly larger than any previously available – and modern state-of-the-art speech recognition techniques. The paper is organised as three speech-in-noise recognition studies. The first examines the case in which a system is presented with Lombard speech having been exclusively trained on normal speech. It was found that the Lombard mismatch caused a significant decrease in performance even if the level of the Lombard speech was normalised to match the level of normal speech. However, the size of the mismatch was highly speaker-dependent thus explaining conflicting results presented in previous smaller studies. The second study compares systems trained in matched conditions (i.e., training and testing with the same speaking style). Here the Lombard speech affords a large increase in recognition performance. Part of this is due to the greater energy leading to a reduction in noise masking, but performance improvements persist even after the effect of signal-to-noise level difference is compensated. An analysis across speakers shows that the Lombard speech energy is spectro-temporally distributed in a way that reduces energetic masking, and this reduction in masking is associated with an increase in recognition performance. The final study repeats the first two using a recognition system training on visual speech. In the visual domain, performance differences are not confounded by differences in noise masking. It was found that in matched-conditions Lombard speech supports better recognition performance than normal speech. The benefit was consistently present across all speakers but to a varying degree. Surprisingly, the Lombard benefit was observed to a small degree even when training on mismatched non-Lombard visual speech, i.e., the increased clarity of the Lombard speech outweighed the impact of the mismatch. The paper presents two generally applicable conclusions: i) systems that are designed to operate in noise will benefit from being trained on well-matched Lombard speech data, ii) the results of speech recognition evaluations that employ artificial speech and noise mixing need to be treated with caution: they are overly-optimistic to the extent that they ignore a significant source of mismatch but at the same time overly-pessimistic in that they do not anticipate the potential increased intelligibility of the Lombard speaking style.
A high throughput unified SVD/QRD precoder design for MIMO OFDM systems (2015)

Precoding is an effective scheme in pre-compensating the wireless channel impairments and the singular value decomposition (SVD) scheme is a popular choice. This paper presents a unified high throughput SVD/QRD precoder chip design for MIMO OFDM systems. A hardware-implementation-friendly Givens Rotation (GR) based SVD computing scheme is developed first. It starts with a bi-diagonalization phase followed by an iterative diagonalization phase consisting of successive nullification sweeps. A convergence detection mechanism is employed to terminate the computations if the required precision is achieved. The design successfully integrates the SVD module (for precoding) with the QR decomposition (QRD) module (for MIMO signal detection) under a unified hardware framework. The design features a two-level pipelined, fully parallel architecture and CORDIC processors are employed to implement the GR modules efficiently. Various design optimization techniques are applied to reduce the circuit complexity and the power consumption. The implementation using TSMC 90nm process technology indicates a 35.75M SVDs per second throughput rate when operating at 143MHz. Both the throughput rate and the gate count efficiency of the proposed one outperform previous designs significantly.
[Mitochondrial morphogenesis in insects during meiosis and spermatogenesis: a comparative study between modern high resolution microscopy and historical data]. (1993)

Spermatogenesis in cysts isolated from testes of Drosophila and morphogenesis of male germ cell mitochondria were observed in vitro and compared with their first description in the literature. Since Drosophila started to be used for laboratory research only at the beginning of the 20th century, publications dealing with other insects have been consulted for earlier periods. Formerly, results were usually obtained from squashed preparations. This technique causes many artifacts and only occasionally can intact cysts be observed. It was only after tissue culture technique and microscopes improved that in vitro observation of differentiating cysts became possible. However, thanks to acute observational skills and careful reasoning, former researchers already had a correct picture of the early development of male germ cell mitochondria. Modern high resolution microscopy confirmed their results.
Combining Segmentation And Tracking For The Classification Of Moving Objects In Video Scenes (2005)

This paper describes a method of detecting, tracking and identifying moving objects in video scenes. The method is based on an adaptive change detector which detects and tracks moving objects and extracts silhouettes of the objects from the background so they can be classified by shape. The adaptive change detector uses estimates of image noise and contrast to dynamically adjust decision thresholds. A principal feature of this method is the synergistic interaction between the tracker, the segmenter and the classifier to eliminate uninteresting objects, to improve estimates of the background and noise, to guide threshold selection, and to influence feature selection for classification.
Satellite Communications Payload and System (2012)

"This book is a unique combination of practical payload systems engineering and communications theory and applications. Payload systems engineering itself is a complex endeavor that people only learn on the job over many years' time, and this book hopes to ease their learning path. There are detailed books on how to design the various kinds of units, e.g., antennas, of a payload but seemingly no books focusing on unit performance at a level appropriate for systems engineering.Potential satellite owners, few of whom have worked in the satellite field, need help to understand how to get what they want from the manufacturer.The satellite bus, particular satellites, and particular and general satellite communications systems have been written about in several books, but the payload has received typically a few pages in all these books"--
Dispersion copolymerization in non‐aqueous media (1990)

Abstract Recent developments in dispersion copolymerization including particle formation in both polar and nonpolar media are discussed. The effects of stabilizer, reaction medium and initiation rate on particle size and distribution in homo‐ and copolymerization are described, and in particular, processes leading to the formation of monodisperse latices and the crosslinking of these microspheres will be examined.
Large-scale wavelength and polarization insensitive optical switch on SOI from 1260 nm to 1360 nm (2013)

The 2x2 optical switch is a crucial component to the future of optical communications and integrated optics. Optical switches on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform have shown advantages in terms of device footprint and switching speed. However, due to the intrinsic properties of SOI rib waveguides, these devices suffer from a strong wavelength and polarization dependent response. Our work presents an SOI based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switch which is both polarization and wavelength insensitive over a large bandwidth of 1260-1360 nm. We have completed detailed analyses on the polarization and wavelength performance of the MZI, and obtained optimized parameters in a novel design to reduce the crosstalk f or transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes over the wavelength range 1260-1360 nm. Our simulations suggest that we successfully obtained a polarization and wavelength insensitive MZI. A crosstalk level below -18 dB is achieved for both the TE and TM modes in the on-state and the off-state, across the 100 nm bandwidth. Such a polarization and wavelength insensitive switch has a variety of applications in wavelength division multiplexing and other communication systems.
Dramatic Ligand Effect in Catalytic Asymmetric Reductive Aldol Reaction of Allenic Esters to Ketones (2006)

A general catalytic asymmetric reductive aldol reaction of allenic esters to ketones is described. Two distinct constitutional isomers were selectively produced depending on the reaction conditions. A combination of CuOAc/(R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS/PCy3 as the catalyst predominantly produced gamma-cis-products in high yield with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). The reaction was applicable to both aromatic and aliphatic ketones, including unsaturated ketones. On the other hand, CuF-Taniaphos complexes produced alpha-aldol products with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to 84% ee). The new Taniaphos derivative L3, containing di(3,5-xylyl)phosphine and morpholine units, produced optimum results in the alpha-selective reaction. The products are versatile chiral building blocks in organic synthesis. Furthermore, the basic reaction pattern (i.e., conjugate addition-aldol reaction) was extended to a catalytic enantioselective alkylative aldol reaction to ketones using dialkylzinc reagents as the initiator.
Curing of epoxides with <i>O,O</i>‐di‐<i>t</i>‐butyl phenylphosphonate as thermally latent initiator (2001)

Abstract The polymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) was examined with O,O ‐di‐ t ‐butyl phenylphosphonate (BP) as an initiator in the presence of several Lewis acids, ammonium salts, and methyl cyanoacetate. BP served as an excellent thermally latent initiator in the polymerization of GPE in the presence of ZnCl 2 and Zn(acac) 2 . Epikote 828 was cured with BP (5 mol %) in the presence of ZnCl 2 at 150°C to afford the solvent‐insoluble gelled epoxy resin quantitatively, which was thermally more stable than was the one cured without ZnCl 2 . No curing took place at room temperature for 7 months. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2347–2351, 2001