gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modern Stereo Correspondence Algorithms : Investigation and Evaluation (2010)

Many different approaches have been taken towards solving the stereo correspondence problem and great progress has been made within the field during the last decade. This is mainly thanks to newly evolved global optimization techniques and better ways to compute pixel dissimilarity between views. The most successful algorithms are based on approaches that explicitly model smoothness assumptions made about the physical world, with image segmentation and plane fitting being two frequently used techniques. Within the project, a survey of state of the art stereo algorithms was conducted and the theory behind them is explained. Techniques found interesting were implemented for experimental trials and an algorithm aiming to achieve state of the art performance was implemented and evaluated. For several cases, state of the art performance was reached. To keep down the computational complexity, an algorithm relying on local winner-take-all optimization, image segmentation and plane fitting was compared against minimizing a global energy function formulated on pixel level. Experiments show that the local approach in several cases can match the global approach, but that problems sometimes arise – especially when large areas that lack texture are present. Such problematic areas are better handled by the explicit modeling of smoothness in global energy minimization. Lastly, disparity estimation for image sequences was explored and some ideas on how to use temporal information were implemented and tried. The ideas mainly relied on motion detection to determine parts that are static in a sequence of frames. Stereo correspondence for sequences is a rather new research field, and there is still a lot of work to be made.
An introduction to the use of fuzzy sets in the implementation of control algorithms (1985)

The purpose of this paper is to present to the reader who is unfamiliar with fuzzy set theory the basic concepts in a straightforward manner. Thus a tutorial approach is adopted in the explanation of these concepts. After describing fuzzy sets, it is shown how fuzzy logic can be used to develop a fuzzy control algorithm by means of the fuzzy conditional statement. In order to unify the ideas that are presented, a detailed description of the development of a fuzzy controller is discussed. Computer simulation results are shown of the fuzzy controller with heading error and yaw rate as input and rudder demand as output activating the non-linear yaw dynamics of a ship during course-changing manoeuvres. For the simulation ship study, the model was derived from full-scale sea trials on a Royal Navy frigate.
A study of the cell surface of tumour, foetal and lymph-node cells by cell electrophoresis after antibody and enzymic treatment (1972)

1. Rabbit anti-(rat foetal liver) serum, absorbed with adult rat liver cells, decreased the electrophoretic mobility of foetal liver cells by 51% and rat hepatoma cells by 45%, indicating the presence of a foetal-type antigen on the hepatoma cell membrane. 2. The chemical nature of the surface antigen was investigated. Incubation with neuraminidase had no effect on adult liver cells but decreased the electrophoretic mobility of foetal liver cells by 51% and of hepatoma cells by 34%; the effect of antiserum was decreased to one-fifth. 3. Sialic acid, or the supernatant from neuraminidase-treated cells, partially blocked the decrease in electrophoretic mobility induced by antiserum. 4. The pH-electrophoretic mobility curves of hepatoma cells treated with antisera were consistent with a sialic acidcontaining antigen on the surface of the tumour cells. 5. Treatment with ribonuclease did not decrease the electrophoretic mobility of adult-liver cells, but decreased that of the foetal liver cells by 17% and hepatoma cells by 29%. 6. In parallel studies made with mouse BP8 ascites-tumour cells ribonuclease decreased the electrophoretic mobility by 39%, that of normal mouse lymph-node cells by 4.8% and allergized mouse lymph-node cells by 13.3%. 7. Trypsin treatment also decreased the electrophoretic mobility of hepatoma cells by 22%.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma (2013)

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy, often with an unfavorable prognosis. Here we summarize the knowledge about diagnosis, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy of ACC. Over recent years, multidisciplinary clinics have formed and the first international treatment trials have been conducted. This review focuses on evidence gained from recent basic science and clinical research and provides perspectives from the experience of a large multidisciplinary clinic dedicated to the care of patients with ACC.
DISTRIBUTION OF HLA‐G ALTERNATIVE mRNAs INCLUDING SOLUBLE FORMS IN NORMAL LYMPHOCYTES AND IN LYMPHOID CELL‐DERIVED LEUKEMIA (1996)

The non-classical HLA-G gene is the only class I antigen expressed in trophoblasts at the maternofetal interface. In placenta, the HLA-G gene produces several alternatively spliced isoforms encoding bound-membrane proteins (G1, G2, G3 and G4) lacking, respectively, exon 7; exons 7 and 3; exons 7, 3 and 4, and exons 7 and 4. In addition, two isoforms (G1s and G2s) containing an intron 4 sequence are able to encode soluble antigens. We have recently reported that the HLA-G gene is transcriptionally active in lymphocytes and is not transcribed in CD34+ cells, polynuclear cells or monocytes. To investigate the functional significance of the different isoforms in lymphocytes, we studied their distribution in normal T and B lymphocytes and in malignant lymphoid cells by using the RT-PCR technique followed by hybridization with exon-specific probes and sequencing assays. In transcriptionally active lymphocytes, the HLA-G primary transcript is the major form and is differentially spliced in B and T lymphocytes: (i) G1s is found in several samples of T and B cells whereas G2s is only transcribed in T lymphocytes, (ii) the G4 isoform is never detected in B lymphocytes. In addition, we have shown that HLA-G is inactive in some samples of lymphocytes. Our data suggest that HLA-G transcription is regulated at the initiation level and at the subsequent splicing. These two levels of regulation may be dysregulated in some cases of T-ALL and CLL. The potential functions of the HLA-G alternative forms in lymphocytes, such as peptide binding and modulation of the immune response, are discussed.
Bayesian Network Models for Web Effort Prediction: A Comparative Study (2008)

The objective of this paper is to compare, using a cross-company dataset, several Bayesian network (BN) models for Web effort estimation. Eight BNs were built; four automatically using Hugin and PowerSoft tools with two training sets, each with 130 Web projects from the Tukutuku database; four using a causal graph elicited by a domain expert, with parameters automatically fit using the same training sets used in the automated elicitation (hybrid models). Their accuracy was measured using two validation sets, each containing data on 65 projects, and point estimates. As a benchmark, the BN-based estimates were also compared to estimates obtained using manual stepwise regression (MSWR), case-based reasoning (CBR), mean- and median-based effort models. MSWR presented significantly better predictions than any of the BN models built herein, and in addition was the only technique to provide significantly superior predictions to a median-based effort model. This paper investigated data-driven and hybrid BN models using project data from the Tukutuku database. Our results suggest that the use of simpler models, such as the median effort, can outperform more complex models, such as BNs. In addition, MSWR seemed to be the only effective technique for Web effort estimation.
Timestamp-based result cache invalidation for web search engines (2011)

The result cache is a vital component for efficiency of large-scale web search engines, and maintaining the freshness of cached query results is the current research challenge. As a remedy to this problem, our work proposes a new mechanism to identify queries whose cached results are stale. The basic idea behind our mechanism is to maintain and compare generation time of query results with update times of posting lists and documents to decide on staleness of query results. The proposed technique is evaluated using a Wikipedia document collection with real update information and a real-life query log. We show that our technique has good prediction accuracy, relative to a baseline based on the time-to-live mechanism. Moreover, it is easy to implement and incurs less processing overhead on the system relative to a recently proposed, more sophisticated invalidation mechanism.
Dimensionality reduction by local processing. (1999)

In this paper we describe a novel approach towards dimensionality reduction of patterns to be classified. It consists of local processing of the patterns as an alternative to the well-known global principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm. We use a feed-forward neural network architecture with spatial or spatio-temporal receptive field connections between the first two layers that yields a transformed feature vector of significantly reduced dimension. We suggest two techniques to adapt the weights of the receptive fields: a local PCA algorithm and training by online gradient descent. Our dimensionality reduction algorithm requires computational costs that are several times smaller compared to the classical PCA approach without loosing performance in the subsequent classification process. We apply the algorithm to the problem of handwritten digit recognition as well as to the recognition of pedestrians in image sequences.
Elastic Modulus of the Alkali-Silica Reaction Rim in a Simplified Calcium-Alkali-Silicate System Determined by Nano-Indentation (2016)

This work aims at providing a better understanding of the mechanical properties of the reaction rim in the alkali-silica reaction. The elastic modulus of the calcium alkali silicate constituting the reaction rim, which is formed at the interface between alkali silicate and Ca(OH)₂ in a chemically-idealized system of the alkali-silica reaction, was studied using nano-indentation. In addition, the corresponding calcium to silica mole ratio of the calcium alkali silicate was investigated. The results show that the elastic modulus of the calcium alkali silicate formed at the interface increased with the increase of the calcium to silica mole ratio and vice versa. Furthermore, the more calcium that was available for interaction with alkali silicate to form calcium alkali silicate, the higher the calcium to silica mole ratio and, consequently, the higher the elastic modulus of the formed calcium alkali silicate. This work provides illustrative evidence from a mechanical point of view on how the occurrence of cracks due to the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is linked to the formation of the reaction rim. It has to be highlighted, however, that the simplified calcium-alkali-silicate system in this study is far from the real condition in concrete.
SLAM with MTT: theory and initial results [mobile robot localisation] (2005)

To make a robot to work for and with human, the ability to simultaneously localize itself, accurately map its surroundings, and safely detect and track moving objects around it is a key prerequisite for a truly autonomous robot. In this paper, we explore the theoretical framework of this problem, i.e. simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) with multiple target tracking (MTT), and propose to employ sequential Monte Carlo methods (SMCM) as robust and computationally efficient algorithm. After mathematically formulating the problem, we apply a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter to solve SLAM which is partitioned into robot pose and feature location estimations and a conditioned particle filter to solve MTT which is partitioned into robot pose and moving object state estimations, both filters conditioned on robot pose. In detail, we propose sampling importance resampling (SIR) method to estimate robot pose, extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate feature location, and hybrid independent/coupled sample-based joint probability data association filter (Hyb-SJPDAF) to solve tracking and data association problem. We present some preliminary experimental results to demonstrate the capabilities of our approach.
Robust closed-loop control of propofol administration using WAVCNS index as the controlled variable (2010)

This paper presents a robust closed-loop strategy for control of depth of hypnosis. The proposed method regulates the electroencephalogram (EEG)-derived WAVCNS index as a hypnosis measure by manipulating intravenous propofol administration. In contrast to many existing closed-loop methods, the control design presented in this paper produces stability and robustness against uncertainty by explicitly accounting for the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) variability between different individuals, as well as unpredictable surgical stimuli that the closed-loop control is required to tolerate. This closed-loop control was evaluated using simulated surgical procedures in 44 patient models whose PK and PD were identified from real clinical data. The controller can deliver consistent and acceptable closed-loop induction and maintenance phase responses for patients with wide-ranging PK and PD differences.
Distinguishing mislabeled data from correctly labeled data in classifier design (2005)

We have developed a method for distinguishing between correctly labeled and mislabeled data sampled from video sequences and used in the construction of a facial expression recognition classifier. The novelty of our approach lies in training a single, optimal classifier type (a support vector machine, or SVM) on multiple representations of the data, involving different "discriminating" subspaces. Results of a preliminary study on the discrimination of "high stress" vs. "low stress" facial expression data by this method confirms that our novel approach is able to distinguish subproblems where labeling is highly reliable from those where mislabeling can lead to high error rates. In helping detect data subsamples which yield misleading classification results, the method is also a rapid, highly efficient cross-validated approach for eliminating outliers.
TLR9-Signaling Pathways Are Involved in Kilham Rat Virus-Induced Autoimmune Diabetes in the Biobreeding Diabetes-Resistant Rat (2007)

Viral infections are associated epidemiologically with the expression of type 1 diabetes in humans, but the mechanisms underlying this putative association are unknown. To investigate the role of viruses in diabetes, we used a model of viral induction of autoimmune diabetes in genetically susceptible biobreeding diabetes-resistant (BBDR) rats. BBDR rats do not develop diabetes in viral-Ab-free environments, but approximately 25% of animals infected with the parvovirus Kilham rat virus (KRV) develop autoimmune diabetes via a mechanism that does not involve beta cell infection. Using this model, we recently documented that TLR agonists synergize with KRV infection and increase disease penetrance. We now report that KRV itself activates innate immunity through TLR ligation. We show that KRV infection strongly stimulates BBDR splenocytes to produce the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p40 but not TNF-alpha. KRV infection induces high levels of IL-12p40 by splenic B cells and Flt-3-ligand-induced bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) but only low levels of IL-12p40 production by thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages or GM-CSF plus IL-4-induced bone marrow-derived DCs. KRV-induced cytokine production is blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinase R and NF-kappaB. Genomic KRV DNA also induces BBDR splenocytes and Flt-3L-induced DCs from wild-type but not TLR9-deficient mice to produce IL-12p40; KRV-induced up-regulation of B lymphocytes can be blocked by TLR9 antagonists including inhibitory CpG and chloroquine. Administration of chloroquine to virus-infected BBDR rats decreases the incidence of diabetes and decreases blood levels of IL-12p40. Our data implicate the TLR9-signaling pathway in KRV-induced innate immune activation and autoimmune diabetes in the BBDR rat.
<title>Plastic-molded SC module consisting of a single-mode fiber</title> (1995)

A single-mode-fiber-compatible SC-type optical module (SC module) is developed. This module realizes low optical coupling loss and low cost by means of plastic molding technology and the developemnt of automatic fabrication equipment. The SC module consist of a plastic adapter to be compatible with a SC-mode-fiber connector and a plastic housing for optical components: a GRIN rod lens and an optical transmitting/receiving device. The housing is made from a plastic with an extremely low thermal expansion coefficient, and is designed as acylindrical structure for thermal stability. It has a mount for an optical device, a lens holder, and a fiber connection. A zirconia ceramic sleeve, installed in the housing by insert molding technology, is employed to obtain a high plug coupling strength and the optimum optical power coupling. The optical axis between the zirconia sleeve and GRIN rod lens is adjusted automatically and accurately by insert molding technology: the lens holder is formed by the same plastic mold that holds the zirconia sleeve along it. In order to lower the cost, the optical module is fabricated using automatic fabrication equipment, which carried out the processes from supplying the optical device to fixing it with UV-cured resin. The following characteristics of the SC module are obtained from experimental results where total optical loss was 6dB. The portion of 5.5dB of the total loss is contributed by the GRIN rod lens. The remainder is the excess loss of 0.5dB due to assembly. The thermal stability is found to be within 0.1dB in the temperature range from -10 degrees to 65 degrees C.
Photoinitiated curing of multifunctional monomers (1994)

Abstract This article provides an overview of the different types of photocurable systems currently used in radiation curing applications and reports the remarkable performance of some newly developed multifunctional monomers. Light‐induced crosslinking polymerization has been studied by real‐time infrared spectroscopy, which records directly conversion versus time profiles, thus allowing the important kinetic parameters to be evaluated for reactions occurring within a fraction of a second. Acrylate monomers bearing a carbamate or oxazolidone function exhibit an unexpectedly high reactivity. The curing reaction was shown to develop with long kinetic chains (up to 50 000 mol per initiating radical), because of a high value of the propagation rate constant and a low value of the termination rate constant and a low value of the termination rate constant. The UV‐curing performances of different types of vinyl ether based systems are described, special emphasis being given to the kinetic and mechanistic aspects. Highly crosslinked polymer materials having quite different structures have ben synthesized by acting on the formulation composition and on the selected photoinitiators and co‐monomers. The light‐induced polymerization of a triacrylate monomer has been carried out in a polymer matrix to generate a semi‐interpenetrating polymer network. In low‐modulus binders, such as polyurethane or natural rubber, the UV‐cured polymer combines the properties of the elastomeric polymer and of the glassy acrylate network. Dual polymer networks have been created by polymerizing photochemically a rubber bearing both epoxy and acrylate groups in its main chain.
Low-distortion signal generation for ADC testing (2014)

This paper describes a method of generating low-distortion sinusoidal waves using an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), and experimental results of using such a generator for ADC dynamic performance testing. With this proposed method, 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> order harmonics of the generated signal are suppressed simply by changing the AWG program (or waveform memory contents)-AWG nonlinearity identification is not required-and spurious components, generated far from the signal band, are relatively easy to remove using an analog filter; our theoretical analyses, simulations, and experiments showed that a simple passive LC analog filter (with relaxed requirements compared to the one for direct HD3 removal) is sufficient. Our ADC testing results-using signals generated by an AWG with the proposed algorithm, and a simple passive LC LPF-show measurement errors (caused by 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> order harmonics generated by AWG DAC nonlinearity) half that of previous algorithms.
Mate Choice and the Origin of Menopause (2013)

Human menopause is an unsolved evolutionary puzzle, and relationships among the factors that produced it remain understood poorly. Classic theory, involving a one-sex (female) model of human demography, suggests that genes imparting deleterious effects on post-reproductive survival will accumulate. Thus, a 'death barrier' should emerge beyond the maximum age for female reproduction. Under this scenario, few women would experience menopause (decreased fertility with continued survival) because few would survive much longer than they reproduced. However, no death barrier is observed in human populations. Subsequent theoretical research has shown that two-sex models, including male fertility at older ages, avoid the death barrier. Here we use a stochastic, two-sex computational model implemented by computer simulation to show how male mating preference for younger females could lead to the accumulation of mutations deleterious to female fertility and thus produce a menopausal period. Our model requires neither the initial assumption of a decline in older female fertility nor the effects of inclusive fitness through which older, non-reproducing women assist in the reproductive efforts of younger women. Our model helps to explain why such effects, observed in many societies, may be insufficient factors in elucidating the origin of menopause.
Identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts in river water (1987)

Water samples were collected from four rivers in Washington State and two rivers in California and examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Oocyst-sized particles were concentrated from 20-liter samples of water by membrane filtration, centrifugation, and differential sedimentation. The particle concentrate was then deposited on a 25-mm-diameter membrane filter for oocyst identification by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The identification procedure had a limit of detection of about five oocysts per liter. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in each of 11 river water samples examined. Concentrations ranged from 2 to 112 oocysts per liter. The finding of Cryptosporidium oocysts in all samples examined from six western rivers is noteworthy in light of recent reports indicating that Cryptosporidium sp. is a significant agent of human and animal disease. This finding suggests that waterborne oocysts of this parasite are more important than was previously recognized. More detailed studies are needed to define geographical and temporal distribution, to assess the viability of waterborne oocysts, and to determine the importance of water as a means of transmission.
Cooperative self scheduling in message passing parallel systems (2003)

A novel approach to dynamic scheduling in LAN-based message-passing parallel architectures is described. This approach, called cooperative self scheduling, allows the parallel application designer to control the scheduling of the processes in the application while still allowing the operating system to manage competing requests for resources. A set of primitives that allow communication between the operating system and the parallel application is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>