gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Resource Discovery Architecture of Loosely Coupled Grid Inter-cooperated Virtual Organisations Using Mobile Agents and Neural Networks (2010)

Grid computing offers a service for sharing resources over uncertain and complex environments. In such multi-participated settings it is essential to make the grid middleware functionality transparent to members by providing the ability to act autonomous and learning from the environment. Parallel to grid, artificial neural networks is a paradigm for processing information, which is inspired by the processes of biological nervous systems. The latter fields can be really promoted from the artificial intelligent agents, which offer an autonomous acting infrastructure of members with proactive and reactive aptitude. As grid is about sharing and allocating resources within uncertain domains, intelligent agents and neural networks may be the mean of achieving an autonomous learning environment of self-motivated members. In this study, we focus on the mobility agents' model aiming to discovery resources dynamically, parallel to the artificial neural networks as a way to achieve the best resource discovery paths. Our work is fundamentally based on the Self-led Critical Friends method, a technique for realizing inter-cooperation among various scales Virtual Organisations (VOs). Their mediator acting nature redirects communication to other parties of different VOs by utilizing a public profile of data stored within VO members.
Inferential and descriptive influences on measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Sampling rate, R‐wave trigger accuracy, and variance estimates (1997)

The use of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is dependent on several quantification factors. The statistical consequences of sampling rate, R-wave trigger accuracy, and the data structure of RSA estimates were evaluated via simulations and simulated modifications. Simulations demonstrated that sampling rate determined the amplitude of the smallest oscillation that could be accurately described. When the amplitude of the oscillation was smaller in milliseconds than the sampling interval, all smaller oscillations, regardless of amplitude, were indiscriminately assigned a default value defined as 50% of the sampling interval. Also, reduced R-wave peak detection accuracy was demonstrated to influence statistical analyses. The distributional characteristics of several common methods of structuring RSA estimates were investigated, and results indicated that several methods results in asymmetrical distributions. We recommend using rapid sampling rates (i.e., 1 kHz), accurate R-wave peak detectors, and avoiding statistical trouble.
Scitovsky, Tibor (Born 1910) (1987)

Tibor Scitovsky was born in Budapest. He received a degree in Law from the University of Budapest and a degree in Economics from the London School of Economics. He migrated to the United States in 1939 and served in the US Army during World War II. He taught at Stanford, the University of California at Berkeley, Yale, Harvard, and the London School of Economics. He also worked at the OECD from 1966 to 1968.
Inhibition of Legionella pneumophila multiplication within human macrophages by antimicrobial agents (1986)

The activity of serial concentrations of different antimicrobial agents on the multiplication of Legionella pneumophila within human monocyte-derived macrophages was studied. The results led to the definition of a minimal extracellular concentration inhibiting intracellular multiplication (MIEC). According to the MIECs, the antimicrobial agents tested were classified in three groups: very active (MIEC less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml), such as erythromycin, rifampin, and pefloxacin; active (1 microgram/ml greater than or equal to MIEC greater than or equal to 0.1 microgram/ml), such as sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim or doxycycline; and ineffective, such as cefoxitin, which was not active within macrophages at as high as 64 micrograms/ml despite a low MIC (0.2 microgram/ml) on bacterial charcoal-yeast extract agar. The activity of netilmicin was difficult to assess because of its effect on extracellular legionellae. Combinations of erythromycin with rifampin and pefloxacin with erythromycin, rifampin, doxycycline, or netilmicin showed an additive effect and no antagonism. These results obtained in a cellular model are in agreement with the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in experimental infections and in Legionnaires disease. They sustain clinical interest in the new quinolones, such as pefloxacin, and in combinations of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of Legionnaires disease.
Functional exchange of an oncoretrovirus and a lentivirus matrix protein (1994)

To map functional domains in the retroviral Gag protein we have constructed chimeric viruses where regions of the murine leukemia virus (MuLV) Gag protein have been replaced with analogous sequences from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here we describe the chimeric virus MuLV(MAHIV) which contains the HIV-1 matrix (MA) protein in place of the MuLV MA. MuLV(MAHIV) is infectious but grows at a reduced rate compared with wild-type MuLV. We found that the partial defect in replication of the chimeric virus is at a late stage in the viral life cycle. The MuLV(MAHIV) Gag proteins are distributed aberrantly within cells and are not associated with cellular membranes. Unlike MuLV, HIV-1 is able to integrate into growth-arrested cells. Incorporation of the HIV-1 MA, which is known to play a role in infection of nondividing cells, does not enable MuLV(MAHIV) to be expressed in growth-arrested cells. While it possesses no amino acid homology, we found that the HIV-1 MA can efficiently replace the MuLV matrix protein in infection.
An empirical study of regression test selection techniques (1998)

Regression testing is an expensive maintenance process directed at validating modified software. Regression test selection techniques attempt to reduce the cost of regression testing by selecting tests from a program's existing test suite. Many regression test selection techniques have been proposed. Although there have been some analytical and empirical evaluations of individual techniques, to our knowledge only one comparative study, focusing on one aspect of two of these techniques, has been performed. We conducted an experiment to examine the relative costs and benefits of several regression test selection techniques. The experiment examined five techniques for reusing tests, focusing on their relative abilities to reduce regression testing effort and uncover faults in modified programs. Our results highlight several differences between the techniques, and expose essential tradeoffs that should be considered when choosing a technique for practical application.
Morphological Description of Transgenic Soybean Chimeras Created by the Delivery, Integration and Expression of Foreign DNA Using Electric Discharge Particle Acceleration (1990)

Transgenic soybean (Glycine max L.) plants derived from electric discharge particle acceleration experiments exhibited varying degrees of chimerism which was followed by the expression of the introduced β-glucuronidase (gus) gene. Degrees of chimerism in transgenic plants were established by determining expression of the gus gene observed as blue spots, streaks or sectors in stem and leaf tissues in in vitro grown plantlets and greenhouse plants. Clonal plants were also obtained. Presence of the gene was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. These studies permitted the reconstruction of a partial picture for the development of the soybean plant.
Structures of Epicatechin Gallate Trimer and Tetramer Produced by Enzymatic Oxidation (2007)

During black tea production, catechins and their galloyl esters are enzymatically oxidized to generate a complex mixture of black tea polyphenols. The role of galloyl ester groups in this process has yet to be determined. Enzymatic oxidation of epicatechin 3-O-gallate (1) yielded two new oxidation products, theaflavate C and bistheaflavate A, along with theaflavate A (2), a known dimer of 1 generated by coupling of the B-ring with the galloyl group. Theaflavate C is a trimer of 1 and possesses two benzotropolone moieties generated by the oxidative coupling of the galloyl groups with the catechol B-rings. Bistheaflavate A was found to be a tetramer produced by intermolecular coupling of two benzotropolone moieties of 2. From the structures of the products, it was deduced that oxidative coupling of galloyl groups resulted in extension of the molecular size of the products in catechin oxidation.
CMOS Implementations of a Range Check Circuit (2004)

TCAMs are the most popular practical approach to high performance packet classiﬁca-tion, but they suﬀer from ineﬃcient handling of range matches; the standard approach of rule replication can result in a 2-6x increase in TCAM words needed, for typical ﬁrewall databases. We describe three CMOS implementations of a range check circuit to address this problem; the most eﬃcient of these designs allows classiﬁcation on the standard IPv4 5-tuple with only a 46% increase in transistor count, rather than relying on rule replication. By avoiding replication, the overall transistor count required is only 24% to 78% of the stan-dard TCAM design, for real ﬁlter databases used in this study; power dissipation is reduced similarly. Also, range check support greatly simpliﬁes creation and maintenance of the TCAM contents, since there is now a one-to-one correspondence between ﬁlters and TCAM entries. Additionally, we show how to construct a more versatile device using range-check sub-ﬁelds that can be chained together as needed.
The role of advanced MR imaging in understanding brain tumour pathology (2007)

Although MRI is the imaging modality of choice for brain tumours, the standard clinical sequences cannot tell us about certain features of brain tumours. Improvements in imaging technology now allow advanced sequences, once used exclusively for research, to be used clinically. Assessment of brain tumours with diffusion weighted MR (a marker of cellularity), diffusion tensor MR (shows integrity of surrounding white matter tracts), perfusion MR (marker of tumour vascularity and angiogenesis), MR spectroscopy (showing tumour metabolism) and functional MR (to identify eloquent cortex) provide information that is complementary to the structural information. These techniques can be used to improve identification of the tumour margin, tumour grading, reducing surgical risk and assessing the response to therapy. It is important for the neurosurgeon to understand what information can be obtained from these sequences, and that they ensure they are used to further develop the assessment and management of brain tumours.
A fast, preparation-free method to detect iron in silicon (1990)

Iron is one of the most important impurities in silicon integrated-circuit technology. We present a fast (5 min), essentially preparation-free large-area (25 cm2 ) technique to determine the Fe concentration in boron-doped silicon with a sensitivity of 2–5×1011 cm−3. The principle of the method is based on the fact that interstitially dissolved Fe undergoes a reversible pairing reaction with boron and that the minority-carrier diffusion length—as measured by the surface photovoltage method—is modified by this reaction. The method has been calibrated by deep-level transient spectroscopy and is also suitable to measure a surface Fe contamination in combination with a rapid thermal annealing diffusion step.
Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition with LCZ696: a novel approach for the treatment of heart failure (2012)

The natriuretic peptide system exerts beneficial cardiorenal effects in chronic heart failure, whereas activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system exerts opposing and deleterious effects. LCZ696, a first-in-class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, targets both neurohormonal systems by inhibiting neprilysin, which prevents natriuretic peptide degradation, while concomitantly blocking the angiotensin (AT1) receptor. In clinical studies of patients with chronic heart failure with reduced and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, LCZ696 has been shown to improve biomarkers of cardiorenal function. The effects of LCZ696 on cardiovascular outcomes and survival in patients with heart failure are currently being investigated.
Analysis of case-parent trios at a locus with a deletion allele: association of GSTM1 with autism (2006)

Although the case-control design will remain the mainstay for a locus with a deletion, the likelihood ratio test will be useful for such a locus analyzed as part of a larger case-parent study design. The likelihood ratio test has the advantage that it can incorporate complete and incomplete case-parent trios as well as independent cases and controls. Both analyses support (p = 0.046 for the proposed test, p = 0.028 for the case-control analysis) an association of the homozygous GSTM1 deletion genotype with autism.
Size-Controlled Synthesis of Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles Coated with Glucose and Gluconic Acid from a Single Fe(III) Precursor by a Sucrose Bifunctional Hydrothermal Method (2009)

Size-controlled and coated magnetite nanoparticles with glucose and gluconic acid have been successfully synthesized via a simple and facile hydrothermal reduction route using a single iron precursor, FeCl3, and a combination of the inherent chemical reduction capability of sucrose decomposition products and their inorganic coordinating ability. The particle size can be easily controlled in the range of 4−16 nm. Results obtained with and without the addition of sucrose indicate that sucrose is required for the formation of nanoscale and coated magnetite instead of the much larger hematite. Mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis were used to investigate the formation mechanism of the coated nanomagnetite from the single Fe(III) precursor in sucrose. Sucrose acts as a bifunctional agent: (i) it decomposes into reducing species, causing partial reduction of the Fe3+ ions to Fe2+ ions as required for the formation of Fe3O4 and (ii) acts as the source of a capping agent to adjust the surface properties and enable the formation of nanoscale particles. The saturation magnetization of the as-obtained magnetite is measured and greatly related to the particle size.
Sporogenous Midgut Bacteria of the Leafroller,Pandemis pyrusana(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1997)

The composition of the microbial flora within the midgut of Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott was analyzed by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culturing techniques. Universal 16S ribosomal RNA gene-specific eubacterial primers were used in PCR, and the resulting products cloned and sequenced. High homology (86–95%) was obtained between the cloned products and Clostridium ramosum and Clostridium spiroforme when compared with computer database sequence information. Initial culturing steps aimed at endospore-forming bacteria yielded reproducible growth from a bacterium that matches most closely with Bacillus licheniformis when analyzed by partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and biochemical/cultural profiling. This isolate was transformed with an Escherichia coli-Bacillus subtilis shuttle vector and reintroduced into the insect, where it remained stable under nonselective conditions for at least 9 d after initial ingestion. This confirmed the ability of the genetically altered bacterium to survive within the leafroller midgut in the midst of competing microorganisms and perhaps to serve as a suitable vehicle for biological control.
BACTERIAL LEAF SPOT OF UMBELLULARIA CALIFORNICA (1952)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Die Lösung des Vierfarbenproblems? (1976–1977) (1988)

Mitte Juni 1976 nahm Shimamoto an der ‹International Research Conference an the History of Computing› in Los Alamos, Neu Mexico, USA, teil. Hier traf er Garret Birkhoff, der ihm als große Neuigkeit von einem Gerücht berichtete, nach dem das Vierfarben-problem an der University of Illinois gelöst worden sei. Birkhoff schenkte jedoch diesem Gerücht keinen Glauben. Auch Shimamoto war skeptisch, denn nach seinen Informationen waren Haken und seine Mitarbeiter immer noch mit der Schattenlösung des Problems beschäftigt. Allerdings schien die Geheimhaltung perfekt zu sein. Insbesondere war völlig unbekannt, welchen Umfang die Haken zur Verfügung stehende Liste der reduziblen Figuren zu diesem Zeitpunkt hatte. Sollte er tatsächlich Zugang zu der von Stanley Gill in Jahren erstellten Liste haben, so war zusammen mit der bereits vorliegenden Liste der unvermeidbaren Figuren durchaus eine schnelle Lösung möglich. Allerdings kam dann alles auf die (Heesch unbekannte) Qualität der Gillschen Liste an.
VMA11, a novel gene that encodes a putative proteolipid, is indispensable for expression of yeast vacuolar membrane H(+)-ATPase activity. (1991)

A gene, VMA11, is indispensable for expression of the vacuolar membrane H(+)-ATPase activity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ohya, Y., Umemoto, N., Tanida, I., Ohta, A., Iida, H., and Anraku, Y. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 13971-13977). The VMA11 gene was isolated from a yeast genomic DNA library by complementation of the vma11 mutation. The nucleotide sequence of the gene predicts a hydrophobic proteolipid of 164 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 17,037 daltons. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 56.7% identity, and significant coincidence in amino acid composition with the 16-kDa subunit c (a VMA3 gene product) of the yeast vacuolar membrane H(+)-ATPase. VMA11 and VMA3 on a multicopy plasmid did not suppress the vma3 and vma11 mutation, respectively, suggesting functional independence of the two gene products. Biochemical detection of the VMA11 gene product was unsuccessful, but vacuoles in the VMA11-disrupted cells were not assembled with either subunit c or subunits a and b of the H(+)-ATPase, resulting in defects of the activity and in vivo vacuolar acidification.
Introduction (2001)

Before starting formally our introduction, we define some mathematical symbols that will be used throughout this book.
Copolymerization of ethylene and 1‐decene by metallocenes: Direct comparison of Me<sub>2</sub>C(Cp)(Flu)ZrMe<sub>2</sub> with Et(Cp)(Flu)ZrMe<sub>2</sub> (2001)

Abstract Copolymerizations of ethylene with 1‐decene have been carried out by using two syndiospecific metallocenes synthesized by modifying the bridge: highly syndiospecific isopropylidene(1‐η 5 ‐cyclopentadienyl)(1‐η 5 ‐fluorenyl)‐dimethylzirconium (Me 2 C(Cp)(Flu)ZrMe 2 , 1 ) and less syndiospecific (1‐fluorenyl‐2‐cyclopentadienylethane)‐dimethylzirconium (Et(Cp)(Flu)ZrMe 2 , 2 ), in the presence of [Ph 3 C][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] as a cocatalyst. The ethano bridged 2 compound of smaller dihedral angle showed much higher activity than 1 compound. The catalytic activities of the two compounds were enhanced about twice when a suitable amount of 1‐decene comonomer is present in the feed. The compound 1 showed better comonomer reactivity than 2 . The properties ( T m , density, and crystallinity) of copolymers seem not to be affected by the type of bridge of the metallocenes, and mainly depend on 1‐decene content in the copolymer.
Poole-Frenkel electron emission from the traps in AlGaN/GaN transistors (2004)

Defect-related localized electronic states in AlGaN/GaN transistors give rise to commonly observed charge trapping phenomena. Electron dynamics through the trapping centers is strongly affected by electric fields, which can exceed values of 106 V/cm during device operation. The field-assisted emission characteristics provide a unique way to determine the physical properties of the trapping centers. We present a detailed study of the effects of electric field and temperature on the rate of electron emission from the barrier traps in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors. We demonstrate that for temperatures above 250 K, the Poole-Frenkel (PF) emission is the dominant mechanism for electrons to escape from the trapping centers. The emission rate increases exponentially with the square root of the applied field consistent with the decrease of the apparent activation energy predicted by the PF model. We find that the observed trapping center is described by the attractive long-range Coulomb potential with the zero-field binding energy of ∼0.5 eV.
Laser Writing Block Copolymer Self-Assembly on Graphene Light-Absorbing Layer (2016)

Recent advance of high-power laser processing allows for rapid, continuous, area-selective material fabrication, typically represented by laser crystallization of silicon or oxides for display applications. Two-dimensional materials such as graphene exhibit remarkable physical properties and are under intensive development for the manufacture of flexible devices. Here we demonstrate an area-selective ultrafast nanofabrication method using low intensity infrared or visible laser irradiation to direct the self-assembly of block copolymer films into highly ordered manufacturing-relevant architectures at the scale below 12 nm. The fundamental principles underlying this light-induced nanofabrication mechanism include the self-assembly of block copolymers to proceed across the disorder-order transition under large thermal gradients, and the use of chemically modified graphene films as a flexible and conformal light-absorbing layers for transparent, nonplanar, and mechanically flexible surfaces.
Bioelectrochemical Analyses of the Development of a Thermophilic Biocathode Catalyzing Electromethanogenesis (2014)

The use of thermophilic microorganisms as biocatalysts for electromethanogenesis was investigated. Single-chamber reactors inoculated with thermophiles and operated at 55 °C showed high CH4 production rates (max. 1103 mmol m(–2) day(–1) at an applied voltage of 0.8 V) with current-capture efficiencies >90%, indicating that thermophiles have high potential as biocatalysts. To improve the electromethanogenic activity, the developed biocathode was transferred to a two-chamber reactor and operated at a poised potential of −0.5 V vs SHE. The CH4 production rates of the biocathode were enhanced approximately 6-fold in 160 h of poised-potential incubation, indicating that the acclimation of the biocathode resulted in performance improvement. Compositional alteration of the cathodic microbiota suggested that a Methanothermobacter-related methanogen and synergistetes- and thermotogae-related bacteria were selected during the acclimation. Cyclic voltammetry of the “acclimated” biocathode showed an augmented cathodic catalytic wave with a midpoint potential at ca. −0.35 V vs SHE. Moreover, the biocathode was able to catalyze electromethanogenesis at −0.35 V vs SHE. These results suggested that the ability of the biocathode to catalyze electromethanogenesis via direct electron transfer was enhanced by the acclimation. This study provides new technological and fundamental information on electromethanogenic bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) that may be extended to other BESs.