gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling the environmental influence on the vertical directionality of ambient noise in shallow water (1997)

The vertical directionality of acoustic ambient noise has been a subject of much interest in the past. It is a well-defined physical quantity that can be measured experimentally with a vertical array. It possesses certain deterministic features that can be modeled theoretically with environmental acoustic and source data. Ambient noise in shallow waters, including its vertical directionality, is not very well known and is also difficult to model/predict. This is because the acoustic environment varies with time and is location dependent. Thus arises the question, how does the vertical directionality of the ambient noise depend on the acoustic environments (found in typical coastal waters)? Due to the shallow water depth, it is noted that sound (noise) propagation can be significantly influenced by the bottom. The degree of bottom interaction will depend on the sound-speed profile in the water column: whether it is downward refractive or not. Bottom attenuation will in turn determine how far the sound will propagate in the water column. Using a modal representation, a closed-form expression is obtained which can be used to interpret and predict the distant noise vertical directionality as a function of the environmental acoustic parameters. The nearby (overhead) noise is separately modeled and is found less sensitive to environmental changes as the propagation distance is short. As the deterministic features of the noise vertical directionality is controlled by the sound propagation in the channel, it could be used as an acoustic indicator of the acoustic environment in the area. Time variations of the noise directionality will also be discussed.
Here are my Data Files. Here are my Queries. Where are my Results (2011)

Database management systems (DBMS) provide incredible flexibility and performance when it comes to query processing, scalability and accuracy. To fully exploit DBMS features, however, the user must define a schema, load the data, tune the system for the expected workload, and answer several questions. Should the database use a column-store, a row-store or some hybrid format? What indices should be created? All these questions make for a formidable and time-consuming hurdle, often deterring new applications or imposing high cost to existing ones. A characteristic example is that of scientific databases with huge data sets. The prohibitive initialization cost and complexity still forces scientists to rely on "ancient" tools for their data management tasks, delaying scientific understanding and progress. Users and applications collect their data in flat files, which have traditionally been considered to be "outside" a DBMS. A DBMS wants control: always bring all data "inside", replicate it and format it in its own "secret" way. The problem has been recognized and current efforts extend existing systems with abilities such as reading information from flat files and gracefully incorporating it into the processing engine. This paper proposes a new generation of systems where the only requirement from the user is a link to the raw data files. Queries can then immediately be fired without preparation steps in between. Internally and in an abstract way, the system takes care of selectively, adaptively and incrementally providing the proper environment given the queries at hand. Only part of the data is loaded at any given time and it is being stored and accessed in the format suitable for the current workload.
A Business Centric End-to-End Monitoring Approach for Service Composites (2010)

Enterprise applications today are composed of multiple independently executing services and processes that collectively provide a solution to a business problem. These composite applications contain a heterogeneous collection of services that execute in a variety of runtimes making them difficult to manage while maintaining a business centric point of view, as opposed to a service point of view. This paper introduces a business centric monitoring framework to bridge the gap between the business and service levels in complex business applications. Our technical approach focuses on using business information invariants to define one or more monitor sets in order to relate service activity to business composite execution. We apply this framework to enable end-to-end monitoring of composite business applications. In this paper we present an initial prototype of our business centric monitoring approach using monitor sets for monitoring a simple loan application composite implemented on IBM's WebSphere Business Modeler, Process Server and Business Monitor. Our prototype implementation demonstrates the convenience, effectiveness and ease of design and deployment of our monitoring solution to attain a single end-to-end business centric view of a collection of heterogeneous services executing together. Our work also exposes potential challenges as we extend this work to support more powerful end-to-end monitoring.
Expanded identification and characterization of mammalian circular RNAs (2014)

Our results provide a new framework for future investigation of this intriguing topological isoform while raising doubts regarding a biological function of most circRNAs.
In-Situ Stress Estimation by Back Analysis Based on Wellbore Deformation with Consideration of Pore Pressure (2016)

In oil and gas industry, wellbore stability control is paramount in an operation. It is essential to have information of the in situ stresses in well planning and prevention of wellbore failure. However, the current available measurement methods for in situ stresses in petroleum engineering are costly and often give scattering results. In this paper, a more practical displacement-based back analysis technique is proposed to determine the magnitude and orientation of the in situ stresses. The purpose is to provide an alternative tool for small operators in petroleum industry. An analytical solution is derived from displacement-stress relationship around a well in an isotropic rock with consideration of pore pressure. This method can be applied to calculate the displacement at any point around the well induced by drilling. In a reversed order, it can be used to calculate the in situ stresses from measured displacements at a number of locations on the borehole wall. For practical purpose, drained and undrained constitutive 2D models using measured diametrical deformation at different locations around a borehole wall as the input data have been developed to estimate the in situ stresses. Program codes in Matlab were written to facilitate the analysis under different conditions. An example is introduced to test the model and the program. The results validated this back-analysis approach and made a reliable estimation of the in situ stresses. The effects of pore pressure are also evaluated and are found to have significant impact on the shape of wellbore deformation. This impact differs for the drained and undrained conditions.
SISA Computation Algorithms and their applicability for Galileo Integrity (2002)

Taking into account the increasing importance of 
integrity in the context of Global Navigation, Europe is 
now committed to include the provision of integrity as 
one of the main design drivers of the Galileo system. 
This paper focuses on the analysis of some of the 
alternatives which are contemplated within the Galileo design to tackle the provision of integrity for the Galileo 
users. In the current Galileo baseline the integrity 
aspects concerning the SIS (Signal In Space) errors will 
be achieved by means of two parameters: Signal-In-
Space Accuracy (SISA) and the Integrity Flag (IF). 
Together with new satellite ephemeris and clock 
models, the SISA is also broadcast to the users. The 
SISA is a prediction of the associated errors, with a 
certain confidence level, for the entire coverage area 
and valid for the applicability time interval of the 
models. Additionally, in order to meet the stringent 
integrity requirements, such as the maximum Time To 
Alert (TTA), the Integrity Flags are broadcast in real 
time to inform the users whether or not the SISA is 
properly bounding the SIS errors at that moment. 
A review of alternative integrity concepts to the current 
Galileo one is presented, since the implementation of 
the capability to provide users with integrity is one of 
the design drivers of the Galileo. From this point, the 
integrity at user level is briefly introduced before going 
into the details of the SISA concept and the candidate 
SISA algorithms. The objective is to highlight the 
importance of achieving a full coherency between the 
different elements that contribute to achieve the 
integrity at user level. 
The SISA concept and the strategy for its computation 
are then deeply analysed, which is necessary before 
developing and presenting the candidate SISA 
algorithms. Together with them, the hypothesis and its 
preliminary justification are established, including some 
information coming from the analysis of the Signal-In-
Space Errors, obtained with real data from GPS together 
with prototypes for the Orbit Determination and Time 
Synchronisation (OD&TS) algorithms. This analysis of 
real data is included to support the discussion about the 
hypothesis included in the SISA computation 
algorithms. 
Finally, the future work to be done is presented, 
basically focused on the experimentation to be 
performed in the frame of the Galileo System Test Bed 
(GSTB) project, under ESA contract (see reference [3]).
Highly Conductive and Flexible Silver Nanowire-Based Microelectrodes on Biocompatible Hydrogel (2014)

We successfully fabricated silver nanowire (AgNW)-based microelectrodes on various substrates such as a glass and polydimethylsiloxane by using a photolithographic process for the first time. The AgNW-based microelectrodes exhibited excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility. We also demonstrated the direct transfer process of AgNW-based microelectrodes from a glass to a biocompatible polyacrylamide-based hydrogel. The AgNW-based microelectrodes on the biocompatible hydrogel showed excellent electrical performance. Furthermore, they showed great mechanical flexibility as well as superior stability under wet conditions. We anticipate that the AgNW-based microelectrodes on biocompatible hydrogel substrates can be a promising platform for realization of practical bioelectronics devices.
Introduction (2003)

Abstract This book investigates the eighteenth-century genesis of what has by now become the traditional ideal of gender and family relations. It also reviews the development through the religious, literary, political, and intellectual history of the period. It then locates the thoughts and images associated with the personal domain of gender and family within several broader constellations of the early modern Anglo-American ideas about the moral good. Part 1 of this book lays out the interpretive logic behind the more focused investigations of American history that follow. The chapters in Part 2 are united by their common concern with the eighteenth century as a pivotal moment in the Anglo-American construction of gender. The last part explores how pre-Revolutionary ideas of women and gender played off against the evolving classical republican and liberal political ideologies of the American Revolution. An overview of the chapters included in this book is finally shown.
Charting the Future for Moral Leadership (2012)

I've had a non-traditional path to teaching ethics and leadership.I'm not sure that I would recommend
Itraconazole-mediated inhibition of calcium entry into platelet-activating factor-stimulated human neutrophils is due to interference with production of leukotriene B4 (2007)

The primary objective of this study was to probe the involvement of leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) in itraconazole (0.1-5 microM)-mediated inhibition of Ca(2+) uptake by chemoattractant-activated human neutrophils. Following exposure of the cells to platelet-activating factor (PAF, 200 nM), LTB(4) was measured by immunoassay, while neutrophil cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations were determined by a fura-2/AM-based spectrofluorimetric procedure. Activation of neutrophils was accompanied by an abrupt and sustained (for about 1 min) elevation in cytosolic Ca(2+) which was associated with increased generation of LTB(4), both of which were attenuated significantly by itraconazole at 0.5 microM and higher. The inhibitory effect of the anti-mycotic on Ca(2+) uptake by PAF-activated cells was mimicked by an LTB(4) antibody, as well as by LY255283 (1 microM) and MK886 (0.5 microM), an antagonist of LTB(4) receptors and an inhibitor of 5'-lipoxygenase-activating protein, respectively, while addition of itraconazole to purified 5'-lipoxygenase resulted in inhibition of enzyme activity. A mechanistic relationship between itraconazole-mediated inhibition of LTB(4) production and Ca(2+) influx was also supported by the observation that pulsed addition of purified LTB(4) to PAF-activated neutrophils caused substantial restoration of Ca(2+) uptake by cells treated with the anti-mycotic. Taken together, these observations suggest that the potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory interactions of itraconazole with activated neutrophils result from interference with production of LTB(4), with consequent attenuation of a secondary LTB(4)-mediated wave of Ca(2+) uptake by the cells.
Human 60-kDa Heat Shock Protein Is a Target Autoantigen of T Cells Derived from Atherosclerotic Plaques (2005)

Epidemiological studies suggest the potential importance of an inflammatory component in atherosclerosis and support the hypothesis that immune responses to Ags of pathogens cross-react with homologous host proteins due to molecular mimicry. Protein candidates involved may be the stress-induced proteins known as heat shock proteins (HSP). In this study, we report that atherosclerotic plaques harbor in vivo-activated CD4(+) T cells that recognize the human 60-kDa HSP. Such in vivo-activated 60-kDa HSP-specific T cells are not detectable in the peripheral blood. In patients with positive serology and PCR for Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA, but not in patients negative for both, most of plaque-derived T cells specific for human 60-kDa HSP also recognized the C. pneumoniae 60-kDa HSP. We characterized the submolecular specificity of such 60-kDa HSP-specific plaque-derived T cells and identified both the self- and cross-reactive epitopes of that autoantigen. On challenge with human 60-kDa HSP, most of the plaque-derived T cells expressed Th type 1 functions, including cytotoxicity and help for monocyte tissue factor production. We suggest that arterial endothelial cells, undergoing classical atherosclerosis risk factors and conditioned by Th type 1 cytokines, express self 60-kDa HSP, which becomes target for both autoreactive T cells and cross-reactive T cells to microbial 60-kDa HSP via a mechanism of molecular mimicry. This hypothesis is in agreement with the notion that immunization with HSP exacerbates atherosclerosis, whereas immunosuppression and T cell depletion prevent the formation of arteriosclerotic lesions in experimental animals.
Intelligibility and listener preference of telephone speech in the presence of babble noise (2010)

Two procedures for improving the intelligibility of wideband telephone speech in the presence of competing babble noise are evaluated. One procedure is differentiation, the other consists of equalizing the speech spectrum by applying the inverse of the average spectrum of formant amplitudes for adult male speakers ("formant equalization"). Speech processed by these two methods was evaluated both for intelligibility and for listener preference. Both methods produced a clear increase in intelligibility compared to unprocessed wideband telephone speech. Formant equalization was found to be preferred over differentiation, more so at low signal-to-noise ratios than at high ones.
Division by invariant integers using multiplication (1994)

Integer division remains expensive on today's processors as the cost of integer multiplication declines. We present code sequences for division by arbitrary nonzero integer constants and run-time invariants using integer multiplication. The algorithms assume a two's complement architecture. Most also require that the upper half of an integer product be quickly accessible. We treat unsigned division, signed division where the quotient rounds towards zero, signed division where the quotient rounds towards -∞, and division where the result is known a priori to be exact. We give some implementation results using the C compiler GCC.
Pump–Probe Microscopy: Spatially Resolved Carrier Dynamics in ZnO Rods and the Influence of Optical Cavity Resonator Modes (2012)

Femtosecond pump-probe microscopy is used to investigate the charge recombination dynamics at different points within a single needle-shaped ZnO rod. Recombination in the tips of the rod occurs through an excitonic or electron-hole plasma state, taking place on a picosecond time scale. Photoexcitation in the larger diameter sections of the interior exhibit dramatically slower recombination that occurs primarily through defects sites, i.e., trap mediated recombination. Transient absorption imaging shows that the spatial variation in the dynamics is also influenced by the cavity resonances supported within the hexagonal cross section of the rod. Finite element simulations suggest that these optical resonator modes produce qualitatively different intensity patterns in the two different locations. Near the end of the rod, the intensity pattern has significant standing-wave character, which leads to the creation of photoexcited carriers in the core of the structure. The larger diameter regions, on the other hand, exhibit intensity distributions in which the whispering gallery (WG) mode character dominates. At these locations, the photoexcited carriers are produced in subsurface depletion zone, where the internal fields separate the electrons and holes and lead to a greater degree of trap recombination on longer time scales.
Molecular Radiobiology of Human Cell Lines: IV. Variation in Ultraviolet Light and X-Ray Sensitivity during the Division Cycle (1963)

The recent introduction of quantitative techniques for measuring the lethal effects of radiation on cultured mammalian cells (1, 2) has permitted the study of the finer details of this phenomenon in a manner hitherto possible only for bacteria and a few other unicellular microorganisms. Under standard experimental conditions it was possible to obtain reproducible radiation survival curves, providing no profound genetic changes and population shifts occurred in the cell line under study (3). However, various experimental modifications, including (1) dose fractionation with concomitant more pronounced postirradiation repair (4), (2) incorporation of thymine analogs (5, 6), and (3) cell synchronization (7), resulted in pronounced changes in the slope, extrapolation number, and general shape of the normally sigmoid survival curve. The previous interest of this laboratory in the mechanism of the radiobiological response in human cell lines, in particular radiosensitization with halogenated thymidine analogs, prompted the present study on variation in radiosensitivity during the divisional cycle. Cell synchronization was achieved by temporary blockage of thymidylic acid synthesis, as first introduced for thymineless bacteria by Barner and Cohen (8) and later applied to cultured HeLa cells by Rueckert and Mueller (9). In the present application of this method, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) served as the specific inhibitor of thymidylic acid synthetase, since it had been previously found useful for effecting massive incorporation of the radiosensitizing thymidine analogs into the DNA of human cell cultures (5). It is shown in this paper that the radiation response of human cells varies markedly with the stage in the synchronized division cycle produced by thymidine (TdR) or 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) reversal of a 20-hour FUdR inhibition.
Have drug combinations supplanted stem cell transplantation in myeloma? (2012)

The introduction of proteasome inhibitor and immunomodulatory drugs has considerably changed the treatment paradigm of multiple myeloma. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is superior to conventional chemotherapy and is considered the standard of care for patients younger than 65 years. Nevertheless, the favorable results shown by multidrug inductions, consolidations, and long-term maintenance approaches have challenged the role of ASCT. This article provides an overview of recent and ongoing clinical trials and aims to define the role of ASCT in the era of novel agents.
Addition of IrO2 to RuO2+TiO2 coated anodes and its effect on electrochemical performance of anodes in acid media (2014)

Ternary mixed metal oxide coatings with the nominal composition IrxRu(0.6−x)Ti0.4O2 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) on the titanium substrate were prepared by thermal decomposition of a chloride precursor mixture. Surface morphology and microstructure of the coatings were investigated by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Systematic study of electrochemical properties of these coatings was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and polarization measurements. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was evaluated under accelerated conditions (j=2 A cm−2) in acidic electrolyte. The role of iridium oxide admixture in the change of electrocatalytic activity and stability of Ru0.6Ti0.4O2 coating was discussed. Small addition of IrO2 can improve the stability of the RuO2+TiO2 mixed oxide, while the electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is decreased. The shift of redox potentials for Ru0.6Ti0.4O2 electrode that is slightly activated with IrO2 and improvement in the stability can be attributed to the synergetic effect of mixed oxide formation.
Molecular Pathways: Emerging Roles of Mammalian Sirtuin SIRT7 in Cancer (2014)

SIRT7 belongs to the Sirtuin family of NAD-dependent enzymes, the members of which play diverse roles in aging, metabolism, and disease biology. Increased SIRT7 expression is observed in human cancers and growing evidence suggests important SIRT7 functions in fundamental cellular programs with an impact on oncogenic transformation and tumor biology. SIRT7 associates with chromatin, where it catalyzes selective deacetylation of lysine 18 on histone H3 (H3K18), an emerging epigenetic biomarker of aggressive tumors and poor clinical outcome in patients with cancer. Through H3K18 deacetylation at specific promoters, SIRT7 controls a tumor-suppressive gene expression program that stabilizes the transformed state of cancer cells. SIRT7 also orchestrates several molecular processes, including rRNA and tRNA synthesis, which ultimately promote the increased ribosome biogenesis necessary for tumor cell growth and proliferation. Remarkably, inactivation of SIRT7 can reverse the transformed phenotype of cancer cells and reduce their tumorigenicity in vivo. These findings place SIRT7 at the crossroads of chromatin signaling, metabolic, and tumor-regulatory pathways. Thus, SIRT7 is a promising pharmacologic target for epigenetic cancer therapy. The development of SIRT7 modulators may allow new therapeutic strategies that control tumor progression by reprogramming the chromatin landscape and biosynthetic machinery of cancer cells.