gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glial cell responses, complement, and clusterin in the central nervous system following dorsal root transection (1998)

We have examined the glial cell response, the possible expression of compounds associated with the complement cascade, including the putative complement inhibitor clusterin, and their cellular association during Wallerian degeneration in the central nervous system. Examination of the proliferation pattern revealed an overall greater mitotic activity after rhizotomy, an exclusive involvement of microglia in this proliferation after peripheral nerve injury, but, in addition, a small fraction of proliferating astrocytes after rhizotomy. Immunostaining with the phagocytic cell marker ED1 gradually became very prominent after rhizotomy, possibly reflecting a response to the extensive nerve fiber disintegration. Lumbar dorsal rhizotomy did not induce endogenous immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition or complement expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn, dorsal funiculus, or gracile nucleus. This is in marked contrast to the situation after peripheral nerve injury, which appears to activate the entire complement cascade in the vicinity of the central sensory processes. Clusterin, a multifunctional protein with complement inhibitory effects, was markedly upregulated in the dorsal funiculus in astrocytes. In addition, there was an intense induction of clusterin expression in the degenerating white matter in oligodendrocytes, possibly reflecting a degeneration process in these cells. The findings suggest that 1) complement expression by microglial cells is intimately associated with IgG deposition; 2) axotomized neuronal perikarya, but not degenerating central fibers, undergo changes which induce such deposition; and 3) clusterin is not related to complement expression following neuronal injury but participates in regulating the state of oligodendrocytes during Wallerian degeneration. GLIA 23:221–238, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) is widely expressed, active in HT-29 cells that contain activated Src, and its expression is downregulated in butyrate-treated SW620 cells. (1996)

Csk expression was examined in human glioma, breast and colon cell lines, along with murine tissues. Relative to colon and glioma cell lines, Csk expression was highest in the breast cell lines. Relative to brain tissue, expression was 100-fold higher in the heart, kidney, liver, lung and spleen. Subcellular fractionation and cellular immunostaining indicated that it was localized in the cytosolic fraction. The expression of Csk was downregulated upon chemical-induced differentiation of SW620 human colon cells by treatment with sodium butyrate. Its expression localization and activity relative to Src are discussed.
A Versatile Synthesis of Amidines from Nitriles<i>Via</i>Amidoximes (1996)

Abstract Benzamidines were prepared conveniently from benzonitriles in good yield via catalytic hydrogenation of intermediate benzamidoximes in acetic acid/acetic anhydride.
Evidence for hydrogen bonding in solutions of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium halides, and its implications for room-temperature halogenoaluminate(III) ionic liquids (1994)

Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and conductivity measurements showed that the 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cation, [emim]+, not only forms strong hydrogen bonds (using all three ring protons H2, H4 and H5) with halide ions in polar molecular solvents (e.g. ethanenitrile) and ionic liquids, but that it exists in a quasi-molecular state, [emim]X, in non-polar solvents (e.g. trichloro- and dichloro-methane), showing a conventional aromatic stacking phenomenon.
CARBON BLACK-GRAFTCOPOLYMERS HAVING SPACE-NETWORK (1971)

導電性ゴムあるいはタワミ性をもつ面状発熱体の基礎的知見を得る目的で, 高ストラクチャーを有するオイルファーネスブラックの存在下でブチルアクリレート (BA) とアクリル酸 (AA), またはブチルメタクリレート (BMA) とメタクリル酸 (MAA) とを組合わせ, それらのモル比を変えて共重合反応を行なってのち, 計算量のエポキシ樹脂で硬化させ, カーボンブラック•グラフトポリマーとホモポリマーとを結び合わせた新しい型の抵抗体をつくった。ここで得られた各組成の抵抗体に, 特定周期の熱パルスを印加する方法でエージング処理を行なってから, それら抵抗体の温度特性を抵抗変化率で比較した. 実験の結果によると, BA/AAまたはBMA/MAAのモル比があまり大きくない場合には, モル比とともに変化率も大きくなったが, モル比の増加につれて変化率は一定値に近づく傾向を示した.
Bioequivalence of a propylene glycol-based liquid dapsone preparation and dapsone tablets (2000)

The bioequivalence of a proprietary liquid dapsone preparation and commercially available dapsone tablets was studied. Twelve adult volunteers received dapsone doses with 8 oz of water one to two hours after their usual breakfast. Each subject received an initial 100-mg dose of a propylene glycol-based liquid preparation of dapsone and, two weeks later, a 100-mg dapsone tablet (both from Jacobus Pharmaceutical Company, Princeton, NJ). Blood samples were collected before and at intervals up to 96 hours after the administration of each dose. Serum dapsone concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic values were calculated by model-independent analysis. The area under the concentration-versus-time curve and the maximum serum concentration for the two formulations met the criteria for bioequivalence. Time to maximum serum concentration tended to be lower for the liquid, but not significantly. The liquid and tablet formulations of dapsone studied were found to be bioequivalent and may be used interchangeably.
Mycobacterial Phenolic Glycolipid Inhibits Phagosome Maturation and Subverts the Pro‐inflammatory Cytokine Response (2008)

Inhibition of phagosome maturation is an important hallmark of mycobacterial pathogenesis. A variety of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches have been used to pin down the molecule responsible for this pathogenic principle. We in this study characterize a glycolipid of Mycobacterium marinum identified through a screen of mutants disabled in inhibiting phagosome maturation to be phenolphthiocerol diester (phenolic glycolipid, PGL). This molecule is sufficient to impart its ability to inhibit phagosome maturation onto other microbial cells and even inert beads that are used as model pathogens. In addition, it abrogates pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion induced by strong inducers such as heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin. This strong dual agonistic effect of PGL overrides pro-inflammatory and pro-lysosomal delivery impulses set not only by mycobacteria but also by other pathogens and thus provides convincing evidence that this molecule is a vital mycobacterial virulence factor.
Further analysis of D<sub>el</sub> (D‐elute) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with <i>RHD </i>gene‐specific primers (1997)

Del (D-elute) in the Rh blood group system is a variant with very weak D antigen and no agglutination is found by the indirect antiglobulin test. This variant is characterized by the presence of anti-D eluate obtained after an adsorption-elution test using anti-D antibodies. We studied here the molecular genetic status of Del by using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). We screened 306 serologically apparent D-negative Japanese donors comprising 102 Del types for exons 7, 4 and 10 of the RHD gene. No PCR product was found in all 204 non-Del samples from the D-seronegative donors. However, PCR products were found in all 102 Del samples and all 70 D-seropositive samples tested by the three PCR methods for exons 7, 4 and 10 analysis. Del was found with CCee, CcEe and Ccee, but not with CCEe, CcEE, ccEE, ccEe or ccee phenotype. The incidences of Del in the samples with the serological phenotypes CCee, CcEe and Ccee were 80.0% (4/5), 68.2% (45/66) and 61.6% (53/86), respectively. The results provide evidence that Del samples have exons 4, 7 and 10 of an RHD gene present in some form. This is consistent with the evidence that D antigen is present on the cells although only detected by antibody adsorption and elution. The PCR-SSP method in the present study is useful to confirm Del among serologically apparent D-negative samples.
Cell Sheet Stiffness Sensing without taking out from culture liquid (2010)

Stiffness could be an important index for evaluating the vitality of cell sheet. This paper challenges the measurement of stiffness of transparent cell sheet in culture liquid without taking it out from petri dish. The system is composed of a micro air nozzle for supplying an air jet and a regular reflective type laser sensor for measuring the the deformation of transparent cell sheet. This system is called as Cell Sheet Stiffness Sensing system (CS(3) system). When an air jet is given to a cell sheet in culture liquid, it pushes away the liquid toward the outer direction at initial phase and reaches the surface of cell sheet. Without any switching motion, the air jet continuously imparts a force to the surface of cell sheet so that the sensor can measure the stiffness of the cell sheet.
An intelligent approach to conceptual design automation of chemical processes (2002)

The authors present the problem definitions, methodologies, and implementation of conceptual design automation of chemical processes. The problems and difficulties existing in conceptual design automation of chemical processes are first identified. Then, a general problem-solving strategy and control structure of the software is proposed. The authors describe an integrated distributed intelligent system (Meta-COOP) to accomplish the conceptual design of chemical processes. Meta-COOP employs object-oriented programming techniques, is based on the concepts of the metasystem and integrated distributed artificial intelligence, and integrates symbolic reasoning, various knowledge representations, numerical computation programs, commercial software packages, and computer graphics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Emerging HIFU applications in cancer therapy (2014)

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), is a promising, non-invasive modality for treatment of tumours in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging or diagnostic ultrasound guidance. HIFU is being used increasingly for treatment of prostate cancer and uterine fibroids. Over the last 10 years a growing number of clinical trials have examined HIFU treatment of both benign and malignant tumours of the liver, breast, pancreas, bone, connective tissue, thyroid, parathyroid, kidney and brain. For some of these emerging indications, HIFU is poised to become a serious alternative or adjunct to current standard treatments--including surgery, radiation, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Current commercially available HIFU devices are marketed for their thermal ablation applications. In the future, lower energy treatments may play a significant role in mediating targeted drug and gene delivery for cancer treatment. In this article we introduce currently available HIFU systems, provide an overview of clinical trials in emerging oncological targets, and briefly discuss selected pre-clinical research that is relevant to future oncological HIFU applications.
Exploring Cultural Heritage in Augmented Reality with GoFind! (2018)

Historic photo collections are important instruments to document the development of cityscapes in the course of time. However, in most cases, such historic photos are buried in archives that are not easily accessible. But even when cultural heritage archives are opened and exposed to the public, for instance by specialized digital libraries, the value of the individual images is limited as they can only be used in the context of the digital library's retrieval engine and independent of the actual location that is being displayed. With GoFind!, we bring the retrieval engine of historic multimedia collections to mobile devices. The system provides location-based querying in historic multimedia collections and adds an augmented reality-based user interface that enables the overlay of historic images and the current view. GoFind! can be used by historians and tourists and provides a virtual view into the past of a city.
Tyrphostin 4-nitrobenzylidene malononitrile reduces chemotherapy toxicity without impairing efficacy. (1998)

In mice, 4-nitrobenzylidene malononitrile (AG1714), which belongs to the tyrphostin family, reduced toxicity induced by doxorubicin and cisplatin without impairing their antitumor efficacy. AG1714 reduced mortality induced by doxorubicin and cisplatin. It prevented, in a dose-dependent manner, cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity as assessed by measurement of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. The protective effect of AG1714 was most pronounced on its administration 2 h before cisplatin. AG1714 also prevented doxorubicin-induced myelosuppression as assessed by the scoring of bone marrow nucleated cells and colony-forming units. Cisplatin-induced small intestinal injury was also protected by AG1714 as assessed by histopathological analysis. In vitro, AG1714 reduced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in a murine fibroblastic cell line (A9) and did not affect doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of B-16 melanoma cells. In contrast to its protective effect against mortality and injury of normal tissues induced by chemotherapy, AG1714 did not impair its antitumor activity and in some tumor models enhanced it. This was evident by using the murine tumors B-16 melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma and the human tumors SK-28 melanoma and human ovary carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Experiments in which low and high doses of cisplatin and doxorubicin were administered to tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that AG1714 reduced mortality of high-dose chemotherapy and increased its therapeutic index. AG1714 could provide a novel, useful tool to improve chemotherapy by allowing dose intensification.
Using Machine Learning to Explore the Relation Between Student Engagement and Student Performance (2020)

Engagement in learning activities is an important factor that affects student performance in education. According to research, student engagement involves the degree of passion, interest and attention that they exhibit in their educational environment. In the traditional learning system, educators encourage students to engage in their learning activities through various teaching strategies such as making them pay attention, take notes, ask questions and participate actively in the learning processes. Sometimes, educators call on a specific student to answer a question as a means of encouraging the student to participate in learning processes. Nowadays, engagement strategies for learning are changing, especially with the use of technology-enhanced learning systems (TELS) in education. As a result, improving the engagement level of students in online learning environments remains an open research question that needs to be explored. This research is part of a preliminary study on discovering ways of increasing student engagement in an online learning system through data-driven interventions. Student engagement in this research is determined using objective data (activity logs of a specific undergraduate course in a TELS). Activity log is unbiased data and a reflection of students' actual learning behaviours (uncontrolled). In this study, we mined the log of students' learning activities from a TELS used for an undergraduate course to explore differences between students' learning behaviours as they relate to their engagement level and academic performance (measured in terms of final grade points in a course). We employed supervised (Random Forest) and unsupervised (Clustering) machine learning approaches in exploring the relations. The approaches identified an interesting pattern on student engagement and show that engagement and assessment scores are good predictors of student academic performance. Assessment scores are measured with results of quizzes and assignments performed by the students in the TELS, while academic performance is measured with the final grade of the student in the course. The implications of our findings are discussed.
The Battle for Buenos Aires Sax Bradford Forgotten Front John Lear (1943)

Book Review| September 01 1943 Review: The Battle for Buenos Aires, by Sax Bradford and Forgotten Front, by John Lear The Battle for Buenos AiresSax BradfordForgotten FrontJohn Lear Harry P. Johnson Harry P. Johnson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1943) 12 (3): 321–322. https://doi.org/10.2307/3633068 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Harry P. Johnson; Review: The Battle for Buenos Aires, by Sax Bradford and Forgotten Front, by John Lear. Pacific Historical Review 1 September 1943; 12 (3): 321–322. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3633068 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1943 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Mediated Asymmetric Catalysis (2008)

The utilization of hydrogen bonding as an activation force has become a powerful tool in asymmetric organocatalysis. Significant advances have been made in the recent past in this emerging field. Due to space constraints, this Focus Review summarizes only the key aspects with an emphasis on catalysis based on chiral ureas and thioureas, diols, and phosphoric acids. The examples provided neatly demonstrate that chiral ureas and thioureas, diols, and phosphoric acids display effective and unique activation modes of catalysis for a broad spectrum of asymmetric organic transformations, including single-step and multiple-step cascade reactions. These functionalities, which have the ability to afford efficient H-bond activation of electrophiles including C=O, C=N, aziridines, and epoxides, have established their status as "privileged" functional groups in the design of organocatalysts.
A Practical Study of Regenerating Codes for Peer-to-Peer Backup Systems (2009)

In distributed storage systems, erasure codes represent an attractive solution to add redundancy to stored data while limiting the storage overhead. They are able to provide the same reliability as replication requiring much less storage space. Erasure coding breaks the data into pieces that are encoded and then stored on different nodes. However, when storage nodes permanently abandon the system, new redundant pieces must be created. For erasure codes, generating a new piece requires the transmission of k pieces over the network, resulting in a k times higher reconstruction traffic as compared to replication. Dimakis proposed a new class of codes, called regenerating codes, which are able to provide both the storage efficiency of erasure codes and the communication efficiency of replication. However, Dimakis gave only a theoretical description of the codes without discussing implementation issues or computational costs. We have done a real implementation of random linear regenerating codes that allows us to measure their computational cost, which can be significant if the parameters are not chosen properly. However, we also find that there exist parameter values that result in a significant reduction of the communication overhead at the expense of a small increase in storage cost and computation, which makes these codes very attractive for distributed storage systems.
Optimization of MOVPE Grown (1994)

The feasibility of InP-based planar heteroepitaxial diodes for terahertz multiplier and mixer applications is explored. A variety of In, All --I Ash 5 %Cao 4;As (.r = 0.52.0.4 ) diodes have been grown using LP-MOVPE and allows systematic char- acterization of the effects of barrier thickness, InAs mole fraction and active layer thickness on the diode DC and RF performance. A new fabrication technology is developed for planar diodes using dielectric-free air-bridged anode fingers and trench isolation to minimize series resistance and parasitic capacitance. A qualitative model is suggested to explain the forward current conduction mechanism of the reported diodes. The control of forward current conduction and reverse leakage by epitaxial design together with the demonstrated figure-of-merit cutoff frequency of 2.6 THz make the diodes suitable for multiplier and mixer terahertz applications.
Depicting Dynamics Using Principles of Visual Art and Narrations (2005)

In visual art, a single static image frequently represents much more than projected 3D scenery. Artists include subtle visual elements outlining movements, indicating past or future events, sketching ongoing activities, or guiding the observer's attention. Artists have found ways to visualize physical as well as nonphysical dynamics of scenes using graphics techniques. In a sense, we can consider these smart depictions - a form of expressive, visual content adopting the styles of visual art and abstraction techniques. These depictions can serve, for example, as pictograms and signs that advise and assist people. They're also present in comic books and storyboards that effectively present dynamics and narrate sequential processes. Taking smart depictions a step further, we created a system that automatically generates smart, compelling images of 3D scenes that depict dynamics following traditional design principles of visual art, visual narrations, and graphic design, such as those found in comic books and storyboards. These media offer a rich vocabulary of visual art deployed as techniques to facilitate visual communication of a wealth of activities and events in static images. In particular, we can symbolize in a single, static image past, ongoing, and future activities as well as events taking place in 3D scenes. Additionally, we can take into account nonvisual information.
<i>Macaca mulatta</i>,<i>fascicularis</i>and<i>nemestrina</i>in AIDS vaccine development (2008)

Over the past 20 years, many efforts have been made to develop a vaccine against AIDS. The lack of an animal model that can be productively infected with HIV-1 has been partially replaced by macaque species infected with SIV or chimeric SHIV. Natural SIV and chimeric SHIV cause an infection resembling human AIDS, and Asian monkeys of genus Macaca (species mulatta, fascicularis and nemestrina) should be considered a useful surrogate in vaccine trials. A multitude of vaccines and immunization approaches have been evaluated, including live-attenuated viruses, DNA vaccines, subunit proteins and viral and bacterial vectors. The results of all these studies are often difficult to interpret due to lack of standardizations, choice of challenging virus and differences in the macaque species used. This article aims at summarizing the main characteristics of the three macaque species used in vaccine trials.