gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The physiology of follicle selection (2004)

During the follicular phase of the primate menstrual cycle, a single follicle usually matures to the preovulatory stage and releases its oocyte for fertilization and the potential establishment of pregnancy. In assisted reproductive technology procedures, it is desirable to override the natural process of follicle selection to produce many oocytes that are capable of being fertilized and undergoing normal embryo development. The goal of this chapter is to summarize the current views regarding the natural process of follicle selection in primates and to discuss how this process may be amplified to produce a greater number of oocytes.
Peripheral vasodilators and the management of peripheral vascular disease and Raynaud's syndrome in general practice (1998)

There is no convincing evidence that peripheral vasodilators produce any significant improvement in exercise tolerance in patients with peripheral vascular disease, and these drugs may do more harm than good. In the treatment of severe Raynaud's syndrome, however, thymoxamine, prazosin or nifedipine is recommended. A descriptive study was carried out, firstly, to determine why these drugs are prescribed in general practice, and secondly, to describe the drug choices in the treatment of both Raynaud's syndrome and peripheral vascular disease in a representative sample of 22 practices in Northern Ireland. Of those patients prescribed peripheral vasodilators 69.6% were diagnosed as peripheral vascular disease, claudication or atherosclerosis. Over three-quarters of peripheral vasodilators prescribed were repeat prescriptions. Of those with Raynaud's syndrome only half were treated appropriately, and certainty of diagnosis did not guarantee appropriate treatment. Peripheral vasodilators accounted for the majority (51.5%) of items prescribed for peripheral vascular disease. A minority of patients with peripheral vascular disease (20.3%) were prescribed aspirin, and a smaller minority (4.4%) had undergone amputation. Peripheral vasodilators were prescribed unnecessarily and inappropriately. Measures to promote evidence-based treatment of both Raynaud's syndrome and peripheral vascular disease in general practice need to be taken.
Generalized Cahn effect and parton 3D motion in a covariant approach (2011)

The Cahn effect and the unintegrated unpolarized parton distribution function ${f}_{1}^{q}(x,{\mathbf{p}}_{T})$ are studied in a covariant approach. The Cahn effect is compared with some other effects due to the parton intrinsic motion. The comparison suggests that the present understanding of parton transverse momenta and intrinsic motion in general is still rather incomplete. The new relation for ${f}_{1}^{q}(x,{\mathbf{p}}_{T})$ is obtained in the framework of the covariant parton model from which a prediction for this distribution function follows.
Hyaluronan fragments induce IFNβ via a novel TLR4-TRIF-TBK1-IRF3-dependent pathway (2013)

Overall our findings reveal a novel signaling pathway by which hyaluronan can modulate inflammation and demonstrate the ability of hyaluronan fragments to induce the expression of type I interferons in response to tissue injury even in the absence of viral infection. This is independent of the pathway of the TLR2-MyD88 used by these matrix fragments to induce inflammatory chemokines. Thus, LMW HA may be modifying the inflammatory milieu simultaneously via several pathways.
Preparation of a dual sputtering PD-Cu alloy film and its application in hydrogen separation (2003)

Sub-micron thick Pd-Cu alloy films have been deposited by a dual sputtering, which allows a high morphology and phase structure of the sputtered layers were investigated by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), E-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (ESM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The resulgs proved that the Pd-Cu layers were the ally of pure Pd and pure Cu. The characterized Pd-Cu ally layers were deposited on a hydrogen separation. High fluxes of up to 1.6 mol H2/m2.s have been measured through a750 nm Pd-Cu at 723 K with the minimal selectivity of about 500 for H2 over He.
Second-harmonic generation from new dyes in polymer films (1994)

One might say this paper is about something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue -- finding chromophoric brides to be wed to polymeric husbands. Several dyes have been synthesized that are red, magenta, or blue in color and have large ground-state dipole moments. Dyes synthesized in our laboratory were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and UV-VIS spectroscopy. First molecular hyperpolarizabilities ((beta) <SUB>o</SUB>) of the dyes were calculated using MOPAC (V6). Some of the dyes were dissolved in poly(methyl methacrylate), corona poled above the glass transition temperature, and cooled to room temperature to freeze in the polar order. Second-order nonlinear optical properties of these guest-host films were compared by optical frequency doubling measurements.
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy on novel black silicon‐based nanostructured surfaces (2009)

Abstract Two different black silicon nanostructured surfaces modified with thin gold layers were tested for analytical signal enhancement with Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The relationship between the thicknesses of the gold layers and the analytical signal enhancement was studied. Also, effects of Ti and Ti/Pt adhesion layers underneath the gold layers on the analytical signal enhancement were tested. An enhancement factor of 7.6 × 10 7 with the excitation laser 785 nm was achieved for the tested analyte, Rhodamine 6G, and non‐resonance SER spectra were recorded in a 5 s acquisition mode. Such an enhancement enables to achieve a detection limit down to 2.4 pg of Rhodamine 6G on a black silicon‐based nanosurface coated with a 400‐nm‐thin layer of gold. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autofocus using image phase congruency (2010)

The key issue in passive autofocus is to choose robust focus measures to judge optical blur in defocused images. Existing focus measures are sensitive to image contrast (illumination) as they use image intensity. In this report we demonstrate a focus measure using phase congruency. The proposed focus measure is robust for noisy imaging sensors in varying illumination conditions, and has great balance of defocus sensitivity and effective range. Its advantages are shown with a number of synthetic image sequences.
Supply chain simulation software II: benefits of using a supply chain simulation tool to study inventory allocation (2003)

Using Simulation Dynamics' Supply Chain Builder, a supply chain tool has been developed to study alternative inventory allocations in a network. The model represents the supply chain of a nationwide food production and distribution network. The company produces thousands of product lines and is studying the best strategies for allocating inventory to distribution centers to avoid cross-shipments of product. This paper describes the data needs and logic of this simulation tool along with its effectiveness in comparing strategies for locating SKU inventory in a supply chain.
β-Mn-Type Co<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub>Zn<sub>12–<i>x</i></sub> as a Defect Cubic Laves Phase: Site Preferences, Magnetism, and Electronic Structure (2013)

The results of crystallographic analysis, magnetic characterization, and theoretical assessment of β-Mn-type Co-Zn intermetallics prepared using high-temperature methods are presented. These β-Mn Co-Zn phases crystallize in the space group P4(1)32 [Pearson symbol cP20; a = 6.3555(7)-6.3220(7)], and their stoichiometry may be expressed as Co(8+x)Zn(12-x) [1.7(2) < x < 2.2(2)]. According to a combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, atomic site occupancies establish clear preferences for Co atoms in the 8c sites and Zn atoms in the 12d sites, with all additional Co atoms replacing some Zn atoms, a result that can be rationalized by electronic structure calculations. Magnetic measurements and neutron powder diffraction of an equimolar Co:Zn sample confirm ferromagnetism in this phase with a Curie temperature of ∼420 K. Neutron powder diffraction and electronic structure calculations using the local spin density approximation indicate that the spontaneous magnetization of this phase arises exclusively from local moments at the Co atoms. Inspection of the atomic arrangements of Co(8+x)Zn(12-x) reveals that the β-Mn aristotype may be derived from an ordered defect, cubic Laves phase (MgCu2-type) structure. Structural optimization procedures using the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) and starting from the undistorted, defect Laves phase structure achieved energy minimization at the observed β-Mn structure type, a result that offers greater insight into the β-Mn structure type and establishes a closer relationship with the corresponding α-Mn structure (cI58).
A 200 MHz internal/66 MHz external 64 kB embedded virtual three-port cache SRAM (2002)

A 66 MHz, 64 kB three-port cache SRAM has a 95 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ six-device cell and three internal pipelined accesses, allowing the single-port SRAM array to operate as a true multiported RAM. Using 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology (Leff=0.45 /spl mu/m), the self-timed memory employs pipelined circuit techniques to independently access the array three times for every 15 ns processor cycle, two read/write processor accesses and one write-only memory access. The RAM is organized as 4 k/spl times/36/spl times/4 for processor interface, 2 k/spl times/288 for read memory port or storeback buffer (SBB), and 8 k/spl times/72 memory-write interface (reload buffer). Other features include cache line zeroing, four-way set associativity, byte-write controllability, port prioritization, address compare by-pass, array built-in self-test (ABIST), and byte alignment for misaligned memory accesses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Imaging, Reconstruction, And Display Of Corneal Topography (1989)

The cornea is the major refractive element in the eye; even minor surface distortions can produce a significant reduction in visual acuity. Standard clinical methods used to evaluate corneal shape include keratometry, which assumes the cornea is ellipsoidal in shape, and photokeratoscopy, which images a series of concentric light rings on the corneal surface. These methods fail to document many of the corneal distortions that can degrade visual acuity. Algorithms have been developed to reconstruct the three dimensional shape of the cornea from keratoscope images, and to present these data in the clinically useful display of color-coded contour maps of corneal surface power. This approach has been implemented on a new generation video keratoscope system (Computed Anatomy, Inc.) with rapid automatic digitization of the image rings by a rule-based approach. The system has found clinical use in the early diagnosis of corneal shape anomalies such as keratoconus and contact lens-induced corneal warpage, in the evaluation of cataract and corneal transplant procedures, and in the assessment of corneal refractive surgical procedures. Currently, ray tracing techniques are being used to correlate corneal surface topography with potential visual acuity in an effort to more fully understand the tolerances of corneal shape consistent with good vision and to help determine the site of dysfunction in the visually impaired.
An Efficient Synthesis of Nilotinib (AMN107) (2007)

A concise synthesis of AMN107, a compound currently undergoing several phase II/III clinical trials for chronic myelogenous leukemia is described. The new procedure reduces the number of synthetic steps from eight to four, with an overall yield of 65%.
Parameterized specifications for software reuse (1992)

Software reusability is believed to be the key to improving software development productivity, while specification plays an important part in software reuse. From a modern object oriented view, the reusable software components can be grouped into three categories. Procedural components, abstract data types and concrete data objects. Both procedural components and abstract data types can be parameterized in many Object-Oriented languages. Specifications for reuse of these components are discussed in detail in this paper. The reusable software components and their specifications will form a reusable software library, and the information extracted from the specifications forms a knowledge base. Based on the knowledge base and the reusable software library, a new software development paradigm with software reusability can be realized.
Minimal structural response under random excitation using the vibration absorber (1973)

Abstract The equations of motion are derived for the first mode response of a linear multistorey structure having a linear vibration absorber attached to the roof. Furthermore, the variance of the first mode response to a gaussian white noise lateral base acceleration (as a model of earthquake excitation) is determined. Smallest possible values of the variance of the response along with corresponding absorber parameters are established using an optimization program. It is demonstrated that the absorber is quite effective in reducing first mode response for 5‐ and 10‐storey structures even with relatively small values of the absorber mass. Moreover, minimal responses for the randomly excited single‐degree‐of‐freedom system have been determined, and a design example is presented. The absorber system has potential application not only in earthquake engineering but also in aerospace and terrestrial vehicle design.
Fabrication of carbon nanotube film directly grown on conductive stainless steel film and application to dielectrophoretic nanoparticle capture (2014)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized directly on stainless steel film thermally deposited on an alumina plate. To activate the growth of CNTs, the stainless steel film was reduced in H2 stream without oxidation step. The electrical resistivity of the CNT film synthesized by this way turned to be 1/190 of CNT film synthesized by a conventional way using catalyst preparation method with magnetron sputtering. Dielectrophoretic (DEP) particle capture was demonstrated using the patterned CNT film synthesized on stainless steel film, and it was observed that carbon nanohorns (CNHs) dispersed with Pd nanoparticles (Pd-CNHs) and Pd-Au alloy nanoparticles (Pd/Au-CNHs) were captured at the CNT electrodes due to the high electric field strength there. In this DEP capture, Pd-CNHs were enriched in the present condition. The temperature to deposit stainless steel film and the influence of oxidation step were also investigated for the growth of CNTs.
SOME PROPERTIES OF THE PHOTODYNAMICALLY INACTIVATED RAUSCHER MOUSE LEUKEMIA VIRUS. (1965)

Methylene blue, diluted 10-5.0/gm weight and illuminated with visible light, inactivated the Rauscher mouse leukemia virus at 37°C and pH 7.0–7.2 in 20 min. In the dark, the virus did not bind the dye irreversibly, because virus infectivity could be retained by removing the dye from the mixture with a resin before the application of light. Resin treatment applied after the inactivation of the virus failed to reactivate viral infectivity. Mice immunized with photodynamically inactivated virus produced virus neutralizing antibodies, and spleen cells from these mice conferred antiviral immunity on recipient mice of the same line.

Vesicular stomatitis and pseudorabies viruses showed similar inactivation patterns with retention of antigenic potency.
Algebraic Immunities of Functions over Finite Fields (2005)

A general mathematical definition for a function from $GF(q)^n$ to $GF(q)^m$ to resist to cryptanalytic attacks is developed. It generalize the definition of Algebraic Immunity for Stream Cipher to any finite field and also Block Cipher. This algebraic immunity correspond to equations with low leading term according a monomial ordering. We give properties of this Algebraic Immunity and also compute explicit and asymptotic bounds. We extended the definitions of Algebraic Immunity to functions with memory but they depend on the number of consecutive outputs we look at. We show that all the results obtained for memoryless function give similarly results on memory functions by a change of variables. And then, we prove that, for a memory function f with memory size l and only one output, if there is no relation which not depend on memory for l consecutive output, than we can construct a polynomial that generate all relations without memories. We apply this theorem to the summation generator and compute explicitly the Algebraic Immunity.
Water Stress Plating Hypersensitivity of Yeasts: Protective Role of Trehalose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)

Water stress plating hypersensitivity was studied in two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one of them being a mutant incapable of accumulating trehalose to significant levels. The wild-type strain was grown in a defined medium with glucose, maltose or ethanol as carbon/energy source. In each case plating hypersensitivity was demonstrated and resistance to the stress developed in the second half of the exponential growth phase. Development of resistance was accompanied by accumulation of trehalose and was apparently unrelated to glycerol content which, under these conditions, was always low. A qualitatively similar trend was observed in the mutant grown on glucose but trehalose levels remained low and recovery of stress resistance was only slight. Dinitrophenol induced trehalose breakdown in resting yeast and simultaneously induced the onset of plating hypersensitivity. A negative correlation was demonstrated between trehalose content and 'plating discrepancy' (log colony count on 'normal' agar-log colony count on stressing agar) for both strains under all experimental conditions. The correlation held for trehalose contents up to about 50 mg (g dry yeast)-1, above which the yeasts were apparently fully resistant. Trehalose was evidently a more effective compatible solute, per mole, than glycerol.
Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia attributed to maternal immunoglobulin G antibodies against the neutrophil alloantigen HNA‐1c (SH): a report of five cases (2005)

Severe NAN can be caused by maternal antibodies specific for HNA-1c (SH) alone. Use of an appropriate MoAb is critical for detection of anti-HNA-1c by MAIGA assay. rHuG-CSF is an effective therapy in infants with NAN caused by anti-HNA-1c.
A comparative analysis of VoIP support for HT transmission mechanisms in WLAN (2007)

The high throughput (HT) 802.11n architecture is mainly aimed at exchanging large chunks of data using bit rates of 216 Mbps in 20 MHz and 432 Mbps (or even higher) in 40 MHz bandwidth respectively. However, for real-time data streams with small payloads like VoIP the performance of 802.11n is not very impressive and performs worse than 802.11a, as we show in this report. In order to overcome this and to accelerate QoS packet transmission to multiple users simultaneously, TGnSync proposed a mechanism for multiuser packet aggregation in the downlink with multiple uplinking responses known as multi response multiple receiver aggregate (MR-MRA). With the closure of the TGnSync group and the emergence of the EWC, an Intel backed 802.lln group, a second mechanism known as power save multiple poll (PSMP) to describe the down link transmission (DLT) and up link transmission (ULT) was introduced [2]. This report presents an analysis on the support for VoIP by an alternative virtual MIMO uplink mechanism that we call simultaneous coordinated channel access (SCCA) and the use of SCCA as a complimentary mechanism in the uplink to the MR-MRA and PSMP schemes to improve the throughput for multiuser transmissions. We show that the combined mechanisms MRA- SCCA and PSMP-SCCA are attractive solutions to meet the demand for QoS capacity over WLANs.
Towards ISFET based DNA logic for rapid nucleic acid detection (2009)

This paper presents a novel configuration for Ion sensitive Field Effect Transistors (ISFETs) to be used as a threshold detector during a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) base pair match. ISFET-based inverters are used as reaction threshold detectors to convey the chemical reaction level to a logic output once a threshold has been reached. Using this, DNA logic functions are derived for nucleotides allowing identification of multiple SNPs. This logic is extended to facilitate a combination of SNPs, deriving gates which give a simple Yes/No answer to their presence. A DNA logic `NOR' gate is derived for an application where two SNPs need to absent in order to determine drug delivery.
Impact of new services on SCP performance (1990)

The author presents a vendor perspective on how the introduction and growth of many current and planned intelligent network features and services impact service control point (SCP) performance requirements such that the SCP system architecture design must provide flexible capacity options so that new services may be added and expanded gracefully without impacting existing services. It is shown that transaction capacity requirements for SCP systems will vary significantly from 20 or fewer transactions per second up to 1000 or more transactions per second, depending upon the type and usage of these service applications. The author presents a methodology that allows transaction capacity for new SCP-based services to be estimated on the basis of a percentage of existing traffic. This methodology requires acknowledge of network traffic statistics by service ratio in order to estimate transaction rates. The methodology also relies on estimates for average busy season, high day, and busy hour variances, since specific applications are dependent upon actual customer calling patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interleukin‐10 producing‐B cells and their association with responsiveness to rituximab in myasthenia gravis (2013)

We have characterized a specific subset of B10 cells in MG patients which may serve as a marker for disease activity and responsiveness to immune therapy.
Batch and Online Underdetermined Source Separation Using Laplacian Mixture Models (2007)

In this paper, we explore the problem of sound source separation and identification from a two-sensor instantaneous mixture. The estimation of the mixing and the sources is performed using Laplacian mixture models (LMM). The proposed algorithm fits the model using batch processing of the observed data and performs separation using either a hard or a soft decision scheme. An extension of the algorithm to online source separation, where the samples are arriving in a real-time fashion, is also presented. The online version demonstrates several promising source separation possibilities in the case of nonstationary mixing.
Regulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis III. Demonstration of effector cells in tolerant rats (1981)

Effector cells, which transfer experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), can be demonstrated in the spleens of Lewis rats which have been rendered tolerant to myelin basic protein (BP). Transfer of EAE was achieved following in vitro culture of tolerant donor spleen cells with antigen. The donor animals were, themselves, protected against EAE induced by active challenge with BP in complete Freund's adjuvant, although BP-activated effector spleen cells could partially override this protection. The finding that effector cells are present in unresponsive animals supports the hypothesis that immunologic self tolerance is actively regulated by suppressor mechanisms.