gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Nutritional Components of Purple Sweet Potato(Ipomoea batatas) (1995)

Two sweet potato CV.(Ipomoea batatas) were examined, i.e. purple flesh sweet potato(PSP) and light yellow flesh sweet potato(LYSP) which varied in degree of sweetness. On a fresh weight basis, nitrogen free extract in cultivars ranged from and PSP contained more crude fat than LYSP. Total amino acids of PSP and LYSP were 5676.57mg% and 4550.86mg%, respectively. Aspartic acid, serine, alanine and valine were the major components in sweet potatoes. Sulfur-containing amino acids are the first limiting amino acid in PSP. The major fatty acids in PSP and LYSP analyzed by GC were palmitic acid, linoleic acid. The content of the saturated fatty acid was less than that of the unsaturated fatty acid. Carbohydrate contents were and neutral sugars contents were (dry wt). Two sweet potato CV. contained the most glucose of all neutral sugars. PSP contained 11.88% for uronic acid, 59.42% for starch. Free sugars of PSP(0.82%) was much less than that of LYSP(2.53%). The contents of thiamin, riboflavin and niacin were similar, and the ascorbic acid contents in PSP and LYSP were 63.4mg% and 48.7mg%(dry wt), respectively. Comparing the mineral content in PSP, K was the greatest element in concentration followed by mg, Ca, Na. The total dietary fiber(TDF) value was 13.43% in PSP, 9.79% in LYSP respectively. The ratio of soluble dietary fiber(SDF) content and insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) content to TDF content for PSP were 57.6%, 42.4%, respectively.
Synthesis of 6-Substituted Pyrido[2,3-<i>b</i>]indoles by Electrophilic Substitution (2007)

International audience
Network access security for the internet: protocol for carrying authentication for network access (2012)

Network access authentication is a key procedure for network operators to control user access to the network service. The IETFs recently finished its major work in this area by standardizing an IP-based protocol named Protocol for Carrying Authentication for Network Access (PANA). We provide a comprehensive survey of PANA based on developed IETF standards, and describe its applicability to both existing and emerging network environments.
Reaction During Sintering of Barium Titanate with Lithium Fluoride (1986)

The reactions occurring during sintering of stoichiometric BaTiO 3 with small additions of LiF were studied at temperatures between 700° and 900°C. BaTiO 3 reacts with LiF to form a cubic solid solution and Li 2 TiO 3 During sintering, the cubic solid solution coexists with Li 2 Ti0 3 and forms a liquid phase at 740°± 5°C. The occurrence of a liquid phase at this temperature results in an enhancement of the sintering process and leads to the development of a highly dense microstructure.
A Small Linear Peptide Encompassing the NGF N-Terminus Partly Mimics the Biological Activities of the Entire Neurotrophin in PC12 Cells (2015)

Ever since the discovery of its neurite growth promoting activity in sympathetic and sensory ganglia, nerve growth factor (NGF) became the prototype of the large family of neurotrophins. The use of primary cultures and clonal cell lines has revealed several distinct actions of NGF and other neurotrophins. Among several models of NGF activity, the clonal cell line PC12 is the most widely employed. Thus, in the presence of NGF, through the activation of the transmembrane protein TrkA, these cells undergo a progressive mitotic arrest and start to grow electrically excitable neuritis. A vast number of studies opened intriguing aspects of NGF mechanisms of action, its biological properties, and potential use as therapeutic agents. In this context, identifying and utilizing small portions of NGF is of great interest and involves several human diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Here we report the specific action of the peptide encompassing the 1-14 sequence of the human NGF (NGF(1-14)), identified on the basis of scattered indications present in literature. The biological activity of NGF(1-14) was tested on PC12 cells, and its binding with TrkA was predicted by means of a computational approach. NGF(1-14) does not elicit the neurite outgrowth promoting activity, typical of the whole protein, and it only has a moderate action on PC12 proliferation. However, this peptide exerts, in a dose and time dependent fashion, an effective and specific NGF-like action on some highly conserved and biologically crucial intermediates of its intracellular targets such as Akt and CREB. These findings indicate that not all TrkA pathways must be at all times operative, and open the possibility of testing each of them in relation with specific NGF needs, biological actions, and potential therapeutic use.
Invertible DNN-based nonlinear time-frequency transform for speech enhancement (2019)

We propose an end-to-end speech enhancement method with trainable time-frequency~(T-F) transform based on invertible deep neural network~(DNN). The resent development of speech enhancement is brought by using DNN. The ordinary DNN-based speech enhancement employs T-F transform, typically the short-time Fourier transform~(STFT), and estimates a T-F mask using DNN. On the other hand, some methods have considered end-to-end networks which directly estimate the enhanced signals without T-F transform. While end-to-end methods have shown promising results, they are black boxes and hard to understand. Therefore, some end-to-end methods used a DNN to learn the linear T-F transform which is much easier to understand. However, the learned transform may not have a property important for ordinary signal processing. In this paper, as the important property of the T-F transform, perfect reconstruction is considered. An invertible nonlinear T-F transform is constructed by DNNs and learned from data so that the obtained transform is perfectly reconstructing filterbank.
Experimental modeling of the passive cooling limit of notebook computers (2003)

Rapid expansion of the portable computing market segment coupled with ever increasing power dissipation and severe battery power limitations are combining to bring new importance to the development of minimum-energy thermal solutions for notebook-type computers. Passive cooling provides a very attractive thermal management option for such systems. Determination of the amount of heat that can be passively dissipated from the outer surfaces of a notebook computer provides thermal designers with a well-defined performance target and a quantitative demarcation between actively and passively cooled equipment categories. Previous work has analytically and numerically estimated the passive cooling limit from the external surfaces of a 305/spl times/248 mm notebook and found that as much as 38.8 Watts could be dissipated. The current paper describes the experimental validation of the natural convection models, underpinning those results, and the apparatus used to obtain the necessary data. The measurement error and repeatability in this apparatus are also described. In addition to validating the isolated, isothermal natural convection models, experiments were conducted to explore "real world" behavior, such as 3-D flow effects and interactions between heat dissipating surfaces. The experimental results are used to refine the theoretical limits on passive cooling.
Expression of Mixed Lineage Kinase-1 in Pancreatic β-Cell Lines at Different Stages of Maturation and during Embryonic Pancreas Development (1997)

Events controlling differentiation to insulin-secreting beta-cells in the pancreas are not well understood, although beta-cells are thought to arise from pluripotent ductal precursor cells. To search for signaling proteins that might be involved in beta-cell maturation, we analyzed protein kinase expression in two developmentally and functionally distinct pancreatic beta-cell lines, RIN-5AH and RIN-A12, by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A number of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases were identified in both lines. One protein kinase, mixed lineage kinase-1 (MLK-1), was expressed at both the RNA and protein levels in RIN-5AH cells, which display an immature beta-cell phenotype, but was not detected in the more mature RIN-A12 cells. Furthermore, levels of MLK-1 mRNA and protein were increased after brief stimulation of RIN-5AH cells with either the differentiation inducer, sodium butyrate, or with serum after serum starvation. These increases in expression were independent of phenotypic markers such as insulin secretion or surface expression of major histocompatibility class I- and A2B5-reactive ganglioside. In addition, increases in MLK-1 expression in the stimulated RIN-5AH cells were accompanied by phosphorylation of MLK-1 on serine but not tyrosine. Antisense oligonucleotides to two distinct regions of MLK-1 caused RIN-5AH cells, but not RIN-A12 cells, to adopt a highly undifferentiated morphology, with a reduction in DNA synthesis and MLK-1 protein levels and elevated glucagon mRNA levels, but with no effect on insulin mRNA. In an immunohistochemical survey of embryonic mouse tissues, we found that temporal expression of MLK-1 was regulated in a tissue-specific manner. In the embryonic pancreas, MLK-1 expression was evident in ductal cells from day 13 to 16 but was not detected in late stage gestation or neonatal pancreas. These data suggest that MLK-1 is regulated in immature pancreatic beta-cells and their ductal precursors at the level of functional maturity and may therefore play a role in beta-cell development.
Asialoglycoprotein Receptor Expression in Murine Pregnancy and Development (1984)

Hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor activity of pregnant mice increased from the tenth day of gestation, reaching 3-fold the normal adult level just prior to parturition and returning to normal within 1 week postpartum. Increases in activity involved both intracellular and cell-surface associated receptors and were associated with enhanced endocytosis of asialoorosomucoid by isolated hepatocytes. Modulation of hepatic binding protein expression during murine pregnancy represents the first situation in which this receptor's concentration has been shown to exceed normal levels in response to a physiologic change. In the fetus, receptor activity was barely detectable throughout gestation, steadily increased in the neonatal period, and reached adult levels by the fifth postpartum day.
Design of Dual-Polarized Monopole-Slot Antenna With Small Volume and High Isolation (2012)

A compact monopole-slot antenna with polarization diversity is proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. Dual polarization is provided by a ground-folded monopole and a slot cut from the folded ground. The total volume of the proposed antenna is only 50 × 16 × 16 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (0.4 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.128 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ×0.128 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ). However, low mutual coupling is achieved due to the orthogonal modes of current distribution on the ground. A prototype of the proposed antenna is built and tested. The obtained results include the S parameters, radiation patterns and radiation gain. The results from our presentation match with the simulation and demonstrate an isolation better than -36 dB in the required band.
Multi-wavelength coherent transmission using an optical frequency comb as a local oscillator (2016)

Steadily increasing data rates of optical interfaces require spectrally efficient coherent transmission using higher-order modulation formats in combination with scalable wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) schemes. At the transmitter, optical frequency combs (OFC) lend themselves to particularly precise multi-wavelength sources for WDM transmission. In this work we demonstrate that these advantages can also be leveraged at the receiver by using an OFC as a highly scalable multi-wavelength local oscillator (LO) for coherent detection. In our experiments, we use a pair of OFC that rely on gain switching of injection-locked semiconductor lasers both for WDM transmission and intradyne reception. We synchronize the center frequency and the free spectral range of the receiver comb to the transmitter, keeping the intradyne frequencies for all data channels below 15 MHz. Using 13 WDM channels, we transmit an aggregate line rate (net data rate) of 1.104 Tbit/s (1.032 Tbit/s) over a 10 km long standard single mode fiber at a spectral efficiency of 5.16 bit/s/Hz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of coherent WDM transmission using synchronized frequency combs as light source at the transmitter and as multi-wavelength LO at the receiver.
Differential interaction of porphyrins used in photoradiation therapy with ferrochelatase (1984)

The mechanism of porphyrin accumulation by tumours is not yet established. If metabolism aids porphyrin elimination, tumours, unlike normal tissues, may not metabolize porphyrins used clinically, such as proto-, haemato-, OO'-diacetyl-haemato- and monohydroxyethyl-monovinyl-deutero-porphyrin. Proto-, haemato- and monohydroxyethyl-monovinyl-deutero-porphyrin are substrates for the mitochondrial enzyme ferrochelatase (EC 4.99.1.1), which can form haem analogues from exogenous porphyrins. The Km values for proto-, haemato- and monohydroxyethyl-monovinyl-deutero-porphyrin are 11, 22 and 23 microM respectively. However, OO'-diacetyl-haematoporphyrin is an effective competitive inhibitor with Ki of 11 microM. Hepatic ferrochelatase specific activity is 5.9 and 5.5 nmol of haem/h per mg of protein respectively in normal Buffalo rat and in those bearing the extrahepatic Morris 7288C hepatoma, and is only 0.13 nmol/h per mg in the hepatomas. Therefore low ferrochelatase activity in cancerous cells may provide one means whereby some porphyrins accumulate in tumours, and the ability of certain porphyrins to act as ferrochelatase inhibitors may provide another.
Localization with vector sensors in inhomogeneous media (2007)

Vector sensors detect and localize sources of radiated or scattered sound by simultaneously measuring pressure and particle motion near a single point. Experiments have revealed that the devices have remarkable localization capabilities greatly exceeding resolution limits predicted from considerations of diffraction effects caused by the device aperture. Fluctuations in the imaged position of a distant point source appear to result from inhomogeneities in the non-ideal (water) medium. These fluctuation effects can be mitigated by data averaging until limits imposed by statistical non-stationarity of the medium are reached. In this talk, experiments measuring the fluctuation of point source images will be described and a theory of the resolution achievable by vector sensors will be presented.
Coatings for Optical Fibers (1986)

This paper will review the requirements for optical waveguide coatings, materials and coating designs, application and cure technology, and coating characterization techniques needed to assure product performance. Also discussed will be recent developments in high speed coatings, coatings for special applications, and challenges for the future.
Correlated Studies of a Recombinant Influenza-Virus Vaccine. III. Protection against Experimental Influenza in Man (1971)

A recombinant (X-31) influenza A2 vaccine (Hong Kong variant) and a standard A2 vaccine (Hong Kong variant) were given to 51 normal adult volunteers. One month later, 29 vaccinated and 14 control volunteers were challenged with an infectious strain of the Hong Kong variant. The other 22 volunteers were given a second vaccination. All vaccinated volunteers developed a rise in neutralizing antibody in serum, and a minimal increase was noted from the second vaccination. Twenty-five of the 29 volunteers who were challenged with live virus showed a significant rise in neuraminidase-inhibiting (NI) antibody from vaccination. A rise in neutralizing antibody in nasal secretions was seen in 14 of 29, but only five subjects developed a rise in NI antibody. For each type of antibody in each location, the recombinant vaccine was slightly more antigenic, a finding compatible with the suggestion that it contained slightly more antigen (556 versus 503 chick-cell-agglutinating units). After challenge with live virus, a reduction in frequency of infection and illness was noted in both vaccinated groups when compared to controls. Quantification of virus in specimens of nasal wash revealed an association between quantity of virus shed and clinical illness. Titers of NI antibody in serum correlated best with reduced shedding of virus, but an effect of neutralizing antibody could not be excluded. From the serologic responses to vaccination and the protection afforded against live-virus challenge, it was concluded that the recombinant vaccine was as effective as a standard A2 influenza vaccine.
Extracellular matrix determinants and the regulation of cancer cell invasion stratagems (2013)

During development, wound repair and disease-related processes, such as cancer, normal, or neoplastic cell types traffic through the extracellular matrix (ECM), the complex composite of collagens, elastin, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans that dictate tissue architecture. Current evidence suggests that tissue-invasive processes may proceed by protease-dependent or protease-independent strategies whose selection is not only governed by the characteristics of the motile cell population, but also by the structural properties of the intervening ECM. Herein, we review the mechanisms by which ECM dimensionality, elasticity, crosslinking, and pore size impact patterns of cell invasion. This summary should prove useful when designing new experimental approaches for interrogating invasion programs as well as identifying potential cellular targets for next-generation therapeutics.
Multi-Label Prediction via Sparse Infinite CCA (2009)

Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is a useful technique for modeling dependencies between two (or more) sets of variables. Building upon the recently suggested probabilistic interpretation of CCA, we propose a nonparametric, fully Bayesian framework that can automatically select the number of correlation components, and effectively capture the sparsity underlying the projections. In addition, given (partially) labeled data, our algorithm can also be used as a (semi)supervised dimensionality reduction technique, and can be applied to learn useful predictive features in the context of learning a set of related tasks. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach for both CCA as a stand-alone problem, and when applied to multi-label prediction. 1
Performance improvement in phase-modulation radio over fiber link through carrier suppression using stimulated Brillouin scattering (2011)

A simple and low-cost method for improving RF performance in phase modulation radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems by using stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is proposed and demonstrated. We present a simple analytical model to assess the relationship between performance improvement of the phase-modulation RoF link and the carrier suppression ratio x. The experiment results show good agreement with the theory.
A general theory of composition for a class of "possibilistic" properties (1996)

Since the initial work of Daryl McCullough (1987) on the subject, the security community has struggled with the problem of composing "possibilistic" information-flow properties. Such properties fall outside of the Alpern-Schneider safety/liveness domain, and hence, they are not subject to the Abadi-Lamport Composition Principle. The paper introduces a set of trace constructors called selective interleaving functions and shows that possibilistic information-flow properties are closure properties with respect to different classes of selective interleaving functions. This provides a uniform framework for analyzing these properties, allowing us to construct both a partial ordering for them and a theory of composition for them. We present a number of composition constructs, show the extent to which each preserves closure with respect to different classes of selective interleaving functions, and show that they are sufficient for forming the general hook-up construction. We see that although closure under a class of selective interleaving functions is generally preserved by product and cascading, it is not generally preserved by feedback, internal system composition constructs, or refinement. We examine the reason for this.
Optimal pupil apodizations of arbitrary apertures for high-contrast imaging (2011)

In the context of exoplanet direct detection and characterization, where high-contrast imaging is mandatory, we present fully optimized two-dimensional pupil apodizations for which no specific geometric constraints are put on the pupil plane apodization, apart from the shape of the aperture itself. Masks for circular and segmented apertures are displayed, with and without a central obstruction and spiders. We can now optimize apodizers for any aperture shape, and examples of optimal masks are shown for the Subaru telescope, the Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Several high-contrast regions are considered with different sizes, positions, shapes and contrasts. It is interesting to note that all the masks that result from these optimizations tend to have a binary transmission profile.
Tissue localization of the heme-hemopexin complex in the rabbit and the rat as studied by light microscopy with the use of radioisotopes. (1970)

Abstract The hepatocytes of the rabbit remove plasma heme as the heme-hemopexin complex. This was shown by intravenously injecting tracer amounts of radioactively labeled heme or hemopexin and analyzing tissue slides by radioautography 15, 60, or 120 minutes thereafter. Heme, labeled with 3 H or 59 Fe, was injected as heme, † †Heme = ferriprotoporphyrin IX. heme-hemopexin, heme-albumin, or cyanmethemoglobin. Rabbit hemopexin, labeled with 125 I, was given as the heme-hemopexin complex. Regardless of which form of heme was administered and whether heme or hemopexin was labeled, all radioactive material was found exclusively in the parenchymal cells of the liver; spleen, kidney, lung, and bone marrow cells remained free of radioactivity.
A New Approach to Defining Human Touch Temperature Standards (2010)

Defining touch temperature limits for skin contact with both hot and cold objects is important to prevent pain and skin damage, which may affect task performance or become a safety concern. Pain and skin damage depend on the skin temperature during contact, which depends on the contact thermal conductance, the object's initial temperature, and its material properties. However, previous spacecraft standards have incorrectly defined touch temperature limits in terms of a single object temperature value for all materials, or have provided limited material-specific values which do not cover the gamut of likely designs. A new approach has been developed for updated NASA standards, which defines touch temperature limits in terms of skin temperature at pain onset for bare skin contact with hot and cold objects. The authors have developed an analytical verification method for safe hot and cold object temperatures for contact times from 1 second to infinity.