gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated memory array processor and real-time vision system for vehicle control (2002)

This paper describes the integrated memory array processor architecture (IMAP), which enables high-speed image processing in compact implementation, and its application to real-time image processing for vision-based vehicle control and traffic surveillance systems. IMAP integrates three fundamental functions for image processing, i.e. a large capacity image memory, a processing array and input/output shift registers. The prototype LSI integrates eight 8-bit processors and a 144 Kbit SRAM on a single chip, where the processors operates in SIMD manner at 200 MIPS (25 MHz). Since the on-chip image memory can be accessed by external devices independently of the internal processing, the prototype LSI can be used as an intelligent VRAM. The real-time vision system (RVS) has been developed by using 64 prototype LSIs connected in series. The RVS is a 512-processor SIMD system whose peak performance reaches 7.7 GIPS at 15 MHz clock. RVS performance is also shown in basic low-level image processings which are useful for vision-based vehicle control and traffic surveillance systems. RVS executes most of them in about one millisecond.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An essential gene mutagenesis screen across the highly conserved piebald deletion region of mouse chromosome 14 (2009)

Abstract Piebald (left) and piebald deletion heterozygous (right) mice, showing altered pigmentation. An ENU mutagenesis screen for essential genes was performed using piebald deletion complex alleles. See the paper by Hagarman and O'Brien in this issue.
Microtubules suppress actomyosin-based cortical flow in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes (1997)

Several cell motility processes including cytokinesis and cell locomotion are dependent on the interplay of the microtubule and actomyosin cytoskeletons. However, because such processes are essentially visual phenomena, interactions between the two cytoskeletal systems have been difficult to study quantitatively. To overcome this difficulty, we have developed the Xenopus oocyte as an inducible, quantitative model system for actomyosin-based cortical flow and then exploited the strengths of this system to assess the relationship between microtubules and cortical flow. As in other systems, oocyte cortical flow entails: (1) redistribution of cortical filamentous actin (f-actin); (2) a requirement for actomyosin; (3) redistribution of cell surface proteins; (4) a requirement for cell surface protein mobility; and (5) directed movement of cortical organelles. Cortical flow rate in the oocyte system is inversely proportional to the level of polymeric tubulin and microinjection of free tubulin has no effect on the rate of cortical flow. Enhancement of microtubule polymerization inhibits cortical f-actin cable formation during cortical flow. The effects of microtubule depolymerization on cortical flow are rapid, independent of transcription or translation, independent of effects on the oocyte intermediate filament system, and independent of the upstream stimulus for cortical flow. The results show that the microtubules themselves, or a factor associated with them, suppress cortical flow, either by mechanically resisting flow, or by modulating the actomyosin cytoskeleton.
Acetylcholine Receptors in Small Cell Carcinomas (1985)

The presence of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (m- and nAChR, respectively) in small cell carcinomas (SCC) of the lung was assessed by measurement of specific binding of (-)[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) and 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin, respectively. Of five SCC studied, four were originally derived from patients with the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, an autoimmune disease of neuromuscular transmission, and one was from a patient without evidence of neurological disease. There was no evidence of nAChR, but all tumors bound (-)[3H]QNB in a saturable and specific manner. Dissociation constants derived from saturation isotherms ranged between 35.4 and 181.7 fmol/mg protein (mean values for the five SCC). Competition studies revealed a pharmacological profile consistent with previous descriptions of mAChR. Competition by pirenzepine revealed only one class of binding sites, that with a relatively low affinity for pirenzepine. In the presence of the guanine nucleotide analogue 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate, a decrease in affinity of the mAChR of SCC for oxotremorine was observed, with an increase in the pseudo-Hill coefficient, but there was no change in the binding of atropine. The expression on SCC of mAChR, apparently of the M2 subclass, represents yet another neural differentiation marker of SCC. It is noteworthy that the expression of this marker is not restricted to patients with an autoimmune paraneoplastic syndrome involving cholinergic neurons.
User Experience Design in Professional Map-Based Geo-Portals (2013)

We have recently been witnessing the growing establishment of map-centered web-based geo-portals on national, regional and local levels. However, a particular issue with these geo-portals is that each instance has been implemented in different ways in terms of design, usability, functionality, interaction possibilities, map size and symbologies. In this paper, we try to tackle these shortcomings by analyzing and formalizing the requirements for map-based geo-portals in a user experience based approach. First, we propose a holistic definition the term of a “geo-portal”. Then, we present our approach to user experience design for map-based geo-portals by defining the functional requirements of a geo-portal, by analyzing previous geo-portal developments, by distilling the results of our empirical user study to perform practically-oriented user requirements, and finally by establishing a set of user experience design guidelines for the creation of map-based geo-portals. These design guidelines have been extracted for each of the main components of a geo-portal, i.e., the map, the search dialogue, the presentation of the search results, symbologies, and other aspects. These guidelines shall constitute the basis for future geo-portal developments to achieve standardization in the user-experience design of map-based geo-portals.
Influence of protein binding on therapeutic efficacy of cefoperazone (1989)

The effect of protein binding of cefoperazone (89.3% bound to rabbit serum) on antibacterial activity in serum was tested in a model that simulated a closed-space infection in a neutropenic host. Four gram-negative bacilli were tested in the model with cefoperazone doses of 20 and 200 mg/kg administered intramuscularly every 6 h for 16 doses. Cefoperazone efficacy was measured at 92 h by determining the log10 decrease in bacterial count from that of the control for five paired studies with three isolates. A significantly better response was demonstrated when the free (non-protein-bound) drug concentration exceeded the MICs and MBCs for the infecting microorganisms at the infection site at all times (P less than 0.005). This supports the concept that free (unbound) drug is the active component in treating bacterial infections.
Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) Gel Electrolytes for Ni-Zn Secondary Batteries (2013)

trolyte was prepared using poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (P(AAm-co-AAc)). The electrochemical performances of the Ni-Zn cell with the gel polymer electrolyte and the morphology of the zinc electrode during charge-discharge cycles were investigated. The anode (Zn electrode) was prepared by pasting a mixture consisting of the pristine or modified ZnO powder (82 wt %), Ketjen Black (KB; 10 wt %), Ca(OH)2 (1 wt %), Bi2O3 (3 wt %), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; 4 wt %) on a porous Ni foam. The addition of Ca(OH)2 reduces the shape change of the zinc electrode and improves the cycle stability of the Ni-Zn batteries, 12 and Bi2O3 suppresses the hydrogen evolution. 13 The electrode was dried at 70 o C and pressed (700 kgf·cm �2 ) to a thickness of ~0.3 mm. The Ni electrode consists of Ni(OH)2 powder (86 wt %), Ni powder (3 wt %), Co(OH)2 (3 wt %), polyethylene (PE; 7 wt %), and PTFE (1 wt %). It has been reported that the addition of cobalt to the active material improves the reversibility of the electrochemical reaction. 2 The standard electrolyte is an aqueous solution consisting of 3.8 M KOH, 2.5 M NaOH, and 1.2 M LiOH because this composition has a maximum ionic conductivity and suppresses the shape change of zinc electrode. 14,15 The gel polymer electrolyte was prepared by the following steps. P(AAm-co-AAc) was added to alkaline solution, and the mixture was stirred until they form a homogeneous solution. Then, the solution was poured onto an airtight glass vessel to avoid water evaporation and absorption of carbon dioxide. The conductivities of gel polymer electrolyte and normal alkaline electrolyte were measured by IM6 impedance analyzer (Zahner elcktrik). The morphologies of ZnO electrode and the microstructure of ZnO powders were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Hitachi S-4300, Japan) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS, Horiba EX-200). The electrochemical performances of the various compounds were evaluated using a WBCS 3000 instrument (WonA Tech., Korea). The three-step charge regime 2,5 from Samsung advanced institute of technology was used and the discharge rates were 0.1 C (until the 3rd cycle) and 0.3 C (after the 3rd cycle). The gel polymer electrolyte is a viscous liquid mixture. As increase in the concentration of P(AAm-co-AAc) the viscosity of the electrolyte increases. The conductivity of the gel polymer electrolytes as a function of the concentration of P(AAm-co-AAc) was measured at room temperature. The ionic conductivity of gel polymer electrolyte slightly decreases with an increase in the concentration of P(AAm-coAAc). Considering the conductivity and the viscosity of the gel polymer electrolyte, the concentration of P(AAm-co
Viewpoint-Dependent Quality Control on Microfacet Billboarding Model for Sports Video (2007)

We propose a new on-line modeling and rendering method for visualizing players in sports. This method targets the intricate geometry of players in sports such as wrestling. Our system can maintain modeling and rendering quality on producing free-viewpoint 3D video of the players by utilizing the virtual viewpoint information of the viewer. Viewers can move a virtual camera freely over the scene while the system manages the processing cost by changing the size of the voxels and microfacets used for spatial modeling of the players. The system first estimates the rough 3D shape of the players in voxel format, and then assigns a microfacet to each voxel. The texture of the microfacet is obtained from the video cameras surrounding the players. Our preliminary system was evaluated on the wrestling data taken in the Yoyogi National Gymnasium, Tokyo, Japan. We also conducted subjective evaluation of the free-viewpoint video thus produced and found a good balance of rendering quality and high frame-rate performance.
Performance Evaluation of RESTful Web Services for Mobile Devices (2010)

Abstract: Smart Mobile devices and web services are becoming very popular. Mobile devices are physically constrained devices; low processor speed, limited memory, limited battery, and slow intermit wireless connection. This implies to take in consideration these factors when implementing web services for mobile devices. In this paper, we evaluate the RESTful web service for mobile devices against conventional SOAP web services. The experimental results show that RESTful web services outperform conventional SOAP web services. A recommendation to use RESTful web services on mobile devices has been concluded from experimental result.
Demonstration of High Performance TFTs on Silicon-on-Glass (SiOG) Substrate (2007)

The development of a new silicon-on-glass (SiOG) substrate and device technology is presented. The SiOG material technology consists of anodic bonding and an implant-induced separation to transfer a single crystalline silicon film onto a glass substrate. The silicon-glass interface region is characterized by an ultra-strong and thermally stable bond, and includes an in situ barrier layer that is free of mobile ions. The fabrication and analysis of CMOS devices fabricated on the SiOG substrate are also presented. The SiOG devices are comparable to those fabricated on SOI (SIMOX) wafers with respect to carrier mobility and off-state leakage current. One application for this SiOG technology is the potential integration of high performance circuits and added functionality for mobile display systems.
Pedestrian detection for underground mine vehicles using thermal images (2011)

Mine vehicles are a leading cause of mining fatalities. A reliable anti-collision system is needed to prevent vehicle-personnel collisions. The proposed collision detection system uses the fusion of a three-dimensional (3D) sensor and thermal infrared camera for human detection and tracking. In addition to a thermal camera, a distance sensor will provide depth information and allow the calculation of the vehicle and pedestrian velocities. The results of subsystem tests show that a simple temperature range is sufficient for segmentation and a neural network shows the best classification results in terms of speed and accuracy. Results of initial tests performed on two different 3D sensors show a significant disadvantage to the use of time of flight cameras in a mine environment.
Motion estimation and tracking for urban traffic monitoring (2002)

The use of traffic monitoring techniques based on image processing algorithms for supervising urban vehicle flows could be very useful. Classical inductive loops can only compute traffic density on a single lane but are unable to estimate, for example, the behaviour of the vehicle flow at a crossroad. In this paper a system that estimates the turning rates at an urban crossroad by processing the sequence of images taken by a videocamera is presented. Block matching motion estimation, segmentation, and moving object tracking techniques are used. The good results obtained are presented and their relation to the camera position is discussed.
Interferons in the treatment of human cancer. (1984)

The interferons are the best known of biologic antineoplastic agents. Progress with the clinical application of interferons to cancer has been slow and complicated by the need for attention to a new spectrum of therapeutic and toxic effects manifest by the interferons. This summary of current phase I and II trial results with the interferons establishes their clinical potential. The maximally tolerated dosages of the most common species of interferon alpha produced in eukaryotic cells as well as by recombinant DNA technology in bacteria are now described in a variety of different disease states. "Naturally" produced eukaryotic as well as bacterially synthesized interferons have a similar, wide range of biologic effects in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral, antiproliferative, immunologic, and enzymologic functions of the interferons relevant to antineoplastic functions are under study. Knowledge of these mechanisms should improve the clinical results obtained in human cancer. Species and subspecies differences in the activity of interferons may lead to selective use of the pure interferon subspecies, alone or in combination. The use of the interferons and other antineoplastic biologics, such as antibody or chemotherapy, are subsequent goals that are now on the horizon.
Long-Term Pathological Follow-up of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations Treated by Embolization with Bucrylate (1986)

We examined 17 intracranial arteriovenous malformations that were resected after treatment by embolization using bucrylate (isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate). In nine specimens removed 5 days to 16 months after embolization therapy, a series of pathologic changes was seen, including patchy mural angionecrosis (adjacent to bucrylate fragments) up to six weeks after embolization, the presence of bucrylate in vessel walls and fibromuscular intimal cushions, and the occurrence (after several months) of entirely extravascular bucrylate. Occasional parts of recanalized vascular malformations were identified. Bucrylate was present within arteriovenous malformations as late as 16 months after embolization, although the amount appeared to be diminished. These findings suggest a specific sequence of events in the interaction between bucrylate and mural components within the malformations and may explain some important complications of embolization therapy (e.g., delayed hemorrhage after embolization).
Photoelectric Method for the Measurement of the Polarization of the Fluorescence of Solutions (1956)

A photoelectric polarization photometer is described for the measurement of the polarization of the fluorescence of solutions. This instrument uses the principle that the linearly polarized component of the fluorescence vibrating in the direction of propagation of the exciting light is independent of the plane of polarization of the excitation and may be used to give a reference signal against which the signal given by the fluorescence component in the direction of vibration of the excitation may be compared. Positive and negative polarizations may be measured and actual measurements of solutions with p=0.003 to p=0.44 show the standard deviation of a measurement to be Δp=±0.001. Analysis of the systematic errors involved indicates an absolute precision of equal magnitude. The absorption and re-emission of the fluorescence by the solutions results in changes of the polarization with concentration which are easily detected in the case of glycerol and water solutions of xanthydrol derivatives, where conditions are particularly favorable.
Effects of Houttuyniae cordata and Refinery Final Molasses on the Development of Offensive Odor in Porcine Small Intestine during Storage. (1994)

Porcine small intestine evolved a specific offensive odor only 0.5 to 1 day after storage at 20 degrees C. We investigated the effects of Houttuyniae cordata (dokudami), refinery final molasses (RFM), green tea, and brown sugar on the evolution of methylmercaptan and ethanol, which were the main components of the volatiles which evolved from porcine small intestine in storage. Furthermore, we determined their antibacterial effect and deodorant activity against methylmercaptan, as possible factors in reducing the offensive odor. Addition of those materials reduced the offensive odor during storage. In particular, dokudami, green tea, and RFM markedly suppressed the evolution of methylmercaptan. RFM was most effective in suppressing the growth of bacteria. Dokudami had the highest deodorant activity, comparable to that of perilla leaves. However, the retardation of methylmercaptan evolution in situ cannot be simply explained by either of deodorant or antibacterial effect. It seems likely that the combined action of both effects affects the evolution of methylmercaptan in situ.
Propagation constant of a transmission line (1932)

Starting with the logarithmic variation of voltage and current along a transmission line, a derivation of the propagation constant is given in this article, depending only upon the application of Kirchoff's laws and simple hyperbolic trigonometry.
11.5 A time-correlated single-photon-counting sensor with 14GS/S histogramming time-to-digital converter (2015)

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a photon-efficient technique to record ultra-fast optical waveforms found in numerous applications such as time-of-flight (ToF) range measurement (LIDAR) [1], ToF 3D imaging [2], scanning optical microscopy [3], diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and Raman sensing [4]. Typical instrumentation consists of a pulsed laser source, a discrete detector such as an avalanche photodiode (APD) or photomultiplier tube (PMT), time-to-digital converter (TDC) card and a FPGA or PC to assemble and compute histograms of photon time stamps. Cost and size restrict the number of channels of TCSPC hardware. Having few detection and conversion channels, the technique is limited to processing optical waveforms with low intensity, with less than one returned photon per laser pulse, to avoid pile-up distortion [4]. However, many ultra-fast optical waveforms exhibit high dynamic range in the number of photons emitted per laser pulse. Examples are signals observed at close range in ToF with multiple reflections, diffuse reflected photons in DOT or local variations in fluorescent dye concentration in microscopy. This paper provides a single integrated chip that reduces conventional TCSPC pile-up mechanisms by an order of magnitude through ultra-parallel realizations of both photon detection and time-resolving hardware. A TDC architecture is presented which combines the two step iterated TCSPC process of time-code generation, followed by memory lookup, increment and write, into one parallel direct-to-histogram conversion. The sensor achieves 71.4ps resolution, over 18.85ns dynamic range, with 14GS/s throughput. The sensor can process 1.7Gphoton/s and generate 21k histograms/s (with 4.6μs readout time), each capturing a total of 1.7kphotons in a 1μs exposure.
Cranial nodules in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fry (1997)

Cranial nodules are described from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar fry hatched from certain egg batches. Conspicuous, smooth, mostly unilateral nodules were recorded on the cranium. Histologically, the cerebellum appeared normal, but was displaced dorsally. Karyorhectic malpighian cells were absent from the epidermis and the meninges appeared normal. There was no apparent contact of the cerebellum with the water, or evidence of fungal, bacterial or parasitic infection. Mortality of up to 15% as recorded. The aetiology of this condition is currently unknown.
Roles of Multiple Acetoacetyl Coenzyme A Reductases in Polyhydroxybutyrate Biosynthesis in <i>Ralstonia eutropha</i> H16 (2010)

The bacterium Ralstonia eutropha H16 synthesizes polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) through reactions catalyzed by a β-ketothiolase (PhaA), an acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (PhaB), and a polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (PhaC). An operon of three genes encoding these enzymatic steps was discovered in R. eutropha and has been well studied. Sequencing and analysis of the R. eutropha genome revealed putative isologs for each of the PHB biosynthetic genes, many of which had never been characterized. In addition to the previously identified phaB1 gene, the genome contains the isologs phaB2 and phaB3 as well as 15 other potential acetoacetyl-CoA reductases. We have investigated the roles of the three phaB isologs by deleting them from the genome individually and in combination. It was discovered that the gene products of both phaB1 and phaB3 contribute to PHB biosynthesis in fructose minimal medium but that in plant oil minimal medium and rich medium, phaB3 seems to be unexpressed. This raises interesting questions concerning the regulation of phaB3 expression. Deletion of the gene phaB2 did not result in an observable phenotype under the conditions tested, although this gene does encode an active reductase. Addition of the individual reductase genes to the genome of the ΔphaB1 ΔphaB2 ΔphaB3 strain restored PHB production, and in the course of our complementation experiments, we serendipitously created a PHB-hyperproducing mutant. Measurement of the PhaB and PhaA activities of the mutant strains indicated that the thiolase reaction is the limiting step in PHB biosynthesis in R. eutropha H16 during nitrogen-limited growth on fructose.