gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manuel I Komnenos and Michael Glycas: A Twelfth-Century Defence and Refutation of Astrology (2001)

Manuel Komnenos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1143-1180, utilized astrology in his political and personal life, as well as supporting translations of occult literature in his court. When the Church Patriarch presented Manuel with a letter from a simple monk claiming that the astrological teaching was a sacrilege, Manuel could not allow a charge of heresy to be leveled against him. He composed a defense of astrology, asserting that it was compatible with Christian doctrine. This treatise is his only surviving document, and this is the first time that it has been translated from the Greek into any language since its composition in the 12th century. The commentary takes up specific points for clarification. The next issue of Culture and Cosmos will contain the text of its refutation by Manuel's nemesis Michael Glykas, a learned theologian.
Consumer Concepts of Ideal Characteristics and Minimum Qualifications for Rehabilitation Counselors (2001)

Forty former rehabilitation counseling clients returned a mail questionnaire that requested them to write descriptions of "ideal" and minimally qualified rehabilitation counselors. Coders applied content analysis to classify the emergent defining criteria of these counselor prototypes. Relational values and qualities (Consumer-First Advocacy, Nurturing Traits) represented the most frequent categories for the ideal counselor descriptors; demographic characteristics (Disability Experience, Education, Maturity) were mentioned least. Predominent categories for the minimum qualifications were Credentials and Education and subcategories under Work Ethic and Approach, including Commitment to Client, Professional Behavior, and Competence. Broader use of discovery-oriented, qualitative methodologies in rehabilitation research is encouraged to capture consumers' phenomenological perspectives.
Loss of PPP2R2A Inhibits Homologous Recombination DNA Repair and Predicts Tumor Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition (2012)

Reversible phosphorylation plays a critical role in DNA repair. Here, we report the results of a loss-of-function screen that identifies the PP2A heterotrimeric serine/threonine phosphatases PPP2R2A, PPP2R2D, PPP2R5A, and PPP2R3C in double-strand break (DSB) repair. In particular, we found that PPP2R2A-containing complexes directly dephosphorylated ATM at S367, S1893, and S1981 to regulate its retention at DSB sites. Increased ATM phosphorylation triggered by PPP2R2A attenuation dramatically upregulated the activity of the downstream effector kinase CHK2, resulting in G(1) to S-phase cell-cycle arrest and downregulation of BRCA1 and RAD51. In tumor cells, blocking PPP2R2A thereby impaired the high-fidelity homologous recombination repair pathway and sensitized cells to small-molecule inhibitors of PARP. We found that PPP2R2A was commonly downregulated in non-small cell lung carcinomas, suggesting that PPP2R2A status may serve as a marker to predict therapeutic efficacy to PARP inhibition. In summary, our results deepen understanding of the role of PP2A family phosphatases in DNA repair and suggest PPP2R2A as a marker for PARP inhibitor responses in clinic.
Isotropic filter design for MIMO filter bank multicarrier communications (2010)

Although orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been the dominant technology for broadband communications in the past, a number of researchers have noted the shortcomings of OFDM in frequency-selective fast-fading channels, e.g., underwater acoustic channels. Hence, alternative systems that use filter banks for multicarrier (FBMC) modulation have been proposed. The widely studied FBMC systems use offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) or cosine modulated filter bank (CMFB) to maximize the transmission efficiency. However, unfortunately, such systems are not extendable to transmission over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. The emphasis of this paper is on a class of FBMC systems in which data symbols are conventional QAM and, thus, support MIMO channels. Unlike OQAM/CMFB-based systems, the FBMC systems considered in this paper suffer some bandwidth loss. We develop a novel filter design that minimizes this bandwidth loss.
Photonic time-slot and wavelength-grid interchange for 10-Gb/s packet switching (2001)

A time-space-wavelength-division photonic packet switch is proposed. The switch is based on ultrafast simultaneous time-slot and wavelength-grid interchange of optical packets using data-signal-induced supercontinuum (SC) light and arrayed waveguide gratings to slice the SC light spectrum. The switch was demonstrated at a data rate of 10 Gb/s.
From micrograms to grams: scale-up synthesis of eribulin mesylate (2013)

The synthesis of eribulin mesylate from microgram to multi-gram scale is described in this Highlight. Key coupling reactions include formation of the C30a to C1 carbon-carbon bond and macrocyclic ring closure through an intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction.
On the RESET-SET transition in Phase Change Memories (2008)

We characterize SET operation in Phase Change Memories. A measurement procedure aiming to investigate resistance transition from amorphous to crystalline states is shown. Results give interesting insights on the crystallization process of GST material and a simple model is introduced. Crystallization process obeys to a constant energy law. Fast SET pulses require high power; slow SET pulses can be implemented in low power applications. Results may be used for an optimized design of memory cell operating conditions.
Effect of polymer density on polyethylene hollow fiber membrane formation via thermally induced phase separation (2004)

Abstract Microporous high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) hollow fiber membranes were prepared from polyethylene–diisodecyl phthalate solution via thermally induced phase separation. Effect of the polyethylene density on the membrane structure and performance was investigated. The HDPE membrane showed about five times higher water permeability than the LDPE membrane because it had the larger pore and the higher porosity at the outer membrane surface. The formation of the larger pore was owing to both the initial larger structure formed by spinodal decomposition and the suppression of the diluent evaporation from the outer membrane surface due to the higher solution viscosity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 471–474, 2004
Windows 98 : the complete reference (1998)

This detailed reference shows how to install, configure, run and use Windows 95, taking into consideration hardware, software and peripheral options. It also covers interface design, telecommunications and multimedia. There are full details of Internet Explorer 4.0's revolutionary desktop environment. Windows 95 is a 32-bit operating system that is the successor to Microsoft's existing three operating systems: Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11 (Windows for Workgroups) and MS-DOS. These three operating systems represent more than 80 per cent of the world's operating systems on PCs today. It is both powerful and simple enough that computer users now have the opportunity to try new things, from multimedia computing to Internet connections. John Levine is the author of UNIX for and co-author (with Margaret Levine Young) of Internet for Dummies. Margaret Levine Young is the author of Dummies 101: The Internet for Windows 95.
Elizabeth Woodcock, Buried in Snow nearly Eight Days (2012)

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Thoracoscopic wedge lung resection using virtual-assisted lung mapping (2014)

Multiple markings of virtual-assisted lung mapping not only enabled tumor identification, but also secured sufficient resection margins. Special techniques using anatomical landmarks and imaginary auxiliary lines were complementary to the lung map when bronchial anatomy did not allow for markings at ideal spots.
IL-15 Activates the Jak3/STAT3 Signaling Pathway to Mediate Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle Cells (2016)

Myokines are specialized cytokines that are secreted from skeletal muscle (SKM) in response to metabolic stimuli, such as exercise. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a myokine with potential to reduce obesity and increase lean mass through induction of metabolic processes. It has been previously shown that IL-15 acts to increase glucose uptake in SKM cells. However, the downstream signals orchestrating the link between IL-15 signaling and glucose uptake have not been fully explored. Here we employed the mouse SKM C2C12 cell line to examine potential downstream targets of IL-15-induced alterations in glucose uptake. Following differentiation, C2C12 cells were treated overnight with 100 ng/ml of IL-15. Activation of factors associated with glucose metabolism (Akt and AMPK) and known downstream targets of IL-15 (Jak1, Jak3, STAT3, and STAT5) were assessed with IL-15 stimulation. IL-15 stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. IL-15 treatment had no effect on phospho-Akt, phospho-Akt substrates, phospho-AMPK, phospho-Jak1, or phospho-STAT5. However, with IL-15, phospho-Jak3 and phospho-STAT3 levels were increased along with increased interaction of Jak3 and STAT3. Additionally, IL-15 induced a translocation of phospho-STAT3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. We have evidence that a mediator of glucose uptake, HIF1α, expression was dependent on IL-15 induced STAT3 activation. Finally, upon inhibition of STAT3 the positive effects of IL-15 on glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation were abolished. Taken together, we provide evidence for a novel signaling pathway for IL-15 acting through Jak3/STAT3 to regulate glucose metabolism.
Special COLD-STARTING FUELS for Diesel Engines (1944)

<div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>A</b> STUDY of fuels for the cold starting of diesel engines has brought the authors to the following conclusions:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">1.</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Normal petroleum hydrocarbon fuels will permit the starting of the best automotive engines at temperatures not below about 20 F without supplementary starting aids.</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">2.</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Materials blended into normal diesel fuels in optimum concentration to improve cetane number and cold starting may give a reduction in minimum starting temperatures of probably not over 20-25 deg.</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">3.</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Ethyl ether introduced into the air stream of diesel engines (not including crankcase scavenge) will allow starting down to at least -40 F without additional starting aids, but provided the crankcase lubricant and cranking facilities give sufficient cranking speed.</div></li> </ol> </div>
Low-Temperature Deposition of Silicon Dioxide Films by Photoinduced Decomposition of Tetraethoxysilane (1989)

A new method has been proposed for depositing silicon dioxide films on semiconductors at low temperatures by using ultraviolet (UV) lights. In this method, UV light emitted from a low-pressure Hg lamp is irradiated onto spin-on material which contains tetraethoxysilane Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 . The light decomposes this compound, leading to the formation of silicon dioxide films. It is found that the physical properties of silicon dioxide films deposited on silicon are similar to those of oxide films obtained by conventional deposition methods, Evidence is presented indicating that UV light irradiation plays an important role in the formation of silicon oxides.
Water Treatment: Fundamentals and Practical Implications of Bubble Formation (2000)

Water utilities can experience problems from bubble formation during conventional treatment, including impaired particle settling, filter air binding, and measurement as false turbidity in filter effluent. Coagulation processes can cause supersaturation and bubble formation by converting bicarbonate alkalinity to carbon dioxide by acidification. A model was developed to predict the extent of bubble formation during coagulation which proved accurate, using an apparatus designed to physically measure the actual volume of bubble formation. Alum acted similar to hydrochloric acid for initializing bubble formation, and higher initial alkalinity, lower final solution pH, and increased mixing rate tended to increase bubble formation. Lastly, the protocol outlined in Standard Methods for predicting the degree of supersaturation was examined, and when compared to this work, the Standard Methods approach produces an error up to 16% for conditions found in water treatment. Air entrainment and ozonation are the key causes of dissolved gas supersaturation and eventual bubble formation in water treatment plants. Total dissolved gas probes (TDGP) are now available to directly measure supersaturation and have many advantages compared to conventional techniques. Bubble formation during coagulation-flocculation hindered particle sedimentation, producing settled turbidities double that of solutions without dissolved gases. In a filtration study, run time to one half of initial flow was decreased by 54% when the source water was increased from 0.1 to 0.2 atm supersaturation. Indeed, even at 0.05 atm supersaturation, run length was only 21 hours in solutions without added particulate matter. A case study confirmed that bubble formation can interfere with coagulation and filtration processes at conventional treatment plants.
Drain-Source Synchronous Rectifier Oscillation Mitigation in Light-Load Conditions (2019)

The increasing usage of LLC-type dc-dc converters in utility, automotive, and power distribution applications has led to a push for a further increase in the converter's operating load range and efficiency. The secondary-side rectifier remains one of the lossiest areas in the converter, alluring designers to synchronous rectification (SR). One method is drain-source SR for cyclically adaptive, closed loop SR. However, when utilized, a severe current oscillation can be observed. An increase in SR duty cycle results in an increase in conduction time of the SR channel over the body diode. This issue becomes increasingly prevalent due to the usage of wide band-gap MOSFETs with high reverse drops and low sensed signal strength. This results in a current oscillation effect, leading to inconsistent SR operation, output ripple, and high EMI. In this paper, the issue is root caused analyzed. A method of improving drain-source SR for light-load SR operation is proposed. The method is prototyped on an FPGA to alleviate the issue on a 600-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> /340-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> 2.5-kW LLC-DCX (DC transformer) power converter.
Motor coordination and kinaesthesis in boys with attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (1999)

In the current study, movement ability and underlying kinaesthetic processes of boys with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were compared with a group of control children. Two groups of 16 boys with either predominantly inattentive subtype ADHD (ADHD-PI) or combined subtype ADHD (ADHD-C) were compared with 16 control boys matched on age and verbal IQ. The findings demonstrated that the children with ADHD had significantly poorer movement ability than the control children. A high percentage of children with ADHD displayed movement difficulties consistent with developmental coordination disorder. In addition, the current study found that the type and degree of movement difficulty differed between subtypes. Children with ADHD-PI had significantly poorer fine motor skill while children with ADHD-C were found to experience significantly greater difficulty with gross motor skill. The severity of the children's inattentive symptomatology was found to be a significant predictor of motor coordination difficulties. Kinaesthetic sensitivity was not found to differ significantly between the groups.
Flexible Access Secure Transfer (FAST) Tactical Communications Waveform for Airborne Networking (2006)

The military capabilities necessary to realize DOD's vision on network centric operation depends upon achieving information and decision superiority through the implementation of an IP enabled jam resistant airborne networking waveform that extends the capabilities of the GIG into the tactical edge airborne and space environments. This paper describes a novel communication protocol called flexible access secure transfer (FAST) for airborne networking waveform that enables low latency communication for time sensitive tactical networking in addition to providing mobile ad-hoc networking in high mobility tactical edge operations. FAST is being developed to operate as a new mode for JTRS networking waveform primarily as an airborne Intranet. It can also be deployed in many of existing Air Force fighters equipped with multifunctional informational distribution system (MlDS) without integration impact to these platforms.
Defective replication activity of a dominant-lethal dnaB gene product from Escherichia coli. (1992)

dnaB protein of Escherichia coli is an essential replication protein. A missense mutant has been obtained which results in replacement of an arginine residue with cysteine at position 231 of the protein (P. Shrimankar, L. Shortle, and R. Maurer, unpublished data). This mutant displays a dominant-lethal phenotype in strains that are heterodiploid for dnaB. Biochemical analysis of the altered form of dnaB protein revealed that it was inactive in replication in several purified enzyme systems which involve specific and nonspecific primer formation on single-stranded DNAs, and in replication of plasmids containing the E. coli chromosomal origin. Inactivity in replication appeared to be due to its inability to bind to single-stranded DNA. The altered dnaB protein was inhibitory to the activity of wild type dnaB protein in replication by sequestering dnaC protein which is also required for replication. By contrast, it was not inhibitory to dnaB protein in priming of single-stranded DNA by primase in the absence of single-stranded DNA binding protein. Sequestering of dnaC protein into inactive complexes may relate to the dominant-lethal phenotype of this dnaB mutant.
Titania-Supported Bimetallic Catalysts Combined with HZSM-5 for Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis (1998)

Fischer−Tropsch synthesis was studied in a fixed-bed reactor over single-metal and bimetallic alloy catalysts, selected from Co, Ni, and Fe, supported on TiO2 at a total metal loading of 10 wt %. The catalysts, prepared by incipient wetness impregnation using nitrate precursors, were tested as is and in combination with a HZSM-5 zeolite. The test conditions were 1 MPa, 250 °C, H2/CO = 1, and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) = 0.77 h-1. Alloying of metals resulted in a significant enhancement in CO conversion without an increase in methane selectivity. A 50:50 weight ratio Co−Ni catalyst physically mixed with HZSM-5 (5% Co−5% Ni/TiO2 + HZSM-5) gave the highest CO conversion (45.2%) at the conditions tested. This compares to conversion of 8.9% and 10.5% with Co-only and Ni-only catalysts, respectively. Mixing the Co−Ni catalyst with HZSM-5 resulted in a significant reduction in methane selectivity and a significant increase in C4+ selectivity. The aromatic fraction increased from 1.5 to 8.1 wt %, the C2+ olefins were nearly eliminated, and i-C4H10 increased from 2.3 to 58.5 wt % in the C4 fraction.
[Type C hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma]. (1992)

Recently the number of hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab) positive male cases with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing only in Japan mainly for two reasons. One is that cases with liver cirrhosis are surviving longer than before. The other is the increasing number of HCC cases receiving blood transfusions at operations approximately 30 years ago. The prognosis of NS' 4 positive cases was worse than NS' 4 negative cases with HCV-Ab positive chronic hepatitis. The rate of HCV-Ab and HBsAg positive cases among 113 ones with HCC was about 70 percent and 25 percent, respectively. Some 239 cases with cirrhosis were followed for 6 years. Consequently HCV-Ab positive HCC cases were found to have a yearly incidence rate of 7 percent. The rate of development to HCC with HCV-Ab and HBsAg positive cases was significantly higher than that of both HCV-Ab and HBsAg negative ones. The integration of HCV-RNA was not found both in cancerous and non-cancerous region, different from the very high integration rate of HBsAg positive cases. Pathoepidemiologically, HCV is closely related to HCC. However, the role of HCV in the development of HCC remains unknown.
Fatal Hypoglycemia Associated with Levofloxacin (2004)

Fluoroquinolones are generally regarded as safe antimicrobial agents with relatively few adverse effects or drug interactions. Thus, they enjoy widespread use for treatment of community- and hospital-acquired infections. Although uncommon, hypoglycemia has been reported with all the fluoroquinolones and appears to occur most frequently in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are receiving therapy with oral hypoglycemics. The exact mechanism of this effect is unknown but is postulated to be a result of blockage of adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic beta-cell membranes. We report a case of fatal hypoglycemia related to levofloxacin administration in an elderly patient with diabetes. As with other fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin can cause profound and prolonged hypoglycemia. Clinicians should be cognizant of this potential adverse effect in patients with diabetes who are receiving levofloxacin therapy.
Wide bandgap compound semiconductors for superior high-voltage power devices (2002)

A critical evaluation of the performance capabilities of various wide-bandgap compound semiconductors for superior high-power and high-frequency unipolar electronic devices is presented. A wide range of semiconductors, including the III-V and II-VI compounds, various semiconducting oxides, and some pseudobinary intermetallic compounds, have been analyzed. In order to cover all possible features of power device performance, seven different figures of merit are evaluated for the various semiconductors. Besides diamond and SiC, it is found that AlN, GaN, ZnO, and the intermetallic compounds Ga/sub x/In/sub 1-x/N, Al/sub x/In/sub 1-x/N, Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N, and (AlN)/sub x/(SiC)/sub 1-x/ offer significantly improved unipolar power device performance over Si.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>