gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
El papel de la realimentación en el control de sistemas dinámicos (2010)

Las mayores revoluciones cientificas del siglo XX han puesto limites
al conocimiento humano: la teoria de la relatividad de Einstein limita la
velocidad de los cuerpos, el principio de incertidumbre de Heissenberg
impide la observacion simultanea de la posicion y la velocidad de
las particulas y el teorema de incompletitud de GAodel establece que
hay proposiciones matematicas indecidibles. A pesar de estas barreras
a nuestra razon, el siglo XX tambien ha producido grandes avances
constructivos, entre los cuales se encuentra la invencion y desarrollo de
los sistemas con realimentacion negativa. A pesar de que como tal la
realimentacion ya habia sido utilizada en la era de la revolucion industrial
a traves del regulador de Watt, su definicion formal hubo de esperar a la
llegada del siglo XX con los amplificadores realimentados negativamente
que fueron creados por Harold Stephen Black en 1927. Para algunos, entre
los cuales cabe citar a Norbert Wiener, este avance es considerado como
uno de los mas importantes del siglo XX en el campo de la electronica.
Actualmente, la realimentacion se estudia en teoria de sistemas donde se
da por sentado que el lazo cerrado es siempre superior al lazo abierto.
Sin embargo, ?cuales son las propiedades de la realimentacion que la
hacen tan atractiva? Esta pregunta, en muchas ocasiones es obviada e
incluso olvidada, quiza por causa de una aceptacion no critica de un
conocimiento legado inviolable e incuestionable. El olvidar las propiedades
y el sentido de la realimentacion significa perder de vista completamente el
objetivo de la ingenieria de control. Motivado por este sentir, este pequeno ensayo trata de adentrarse en el origen perdido de la realimentacion y su
conexion con el concepto de sensibilidad introducido por Hendrik Wade
Bode (premio Bellman de 1979 por su contribucion a la teoria de control1).
Chromatic Adaptation* (1956)

The dependence of corresponding colors on different chromatic adaptations has been studied by a method of local adaptation. Both eyes were exposed simultaneously to the same colors. Observations of one second duration were alternated with adaptation periods of nine seconds duration. Differenta dapting colors appeared in the two halves of a simple colorimeter field, which had a vertical dividing line. The observer kept his gaze fixed upon the center of that line. He then adjusted the colorimeter which produced the color which replaced the adaptation color in one half of the field, so that during the one-second observation it appeared to match the color which replaced the other adapting color. The colors which appeared to match under these conditions were compared with the predictions of Von Kries's trireceptor coefficient law. Various modifications of that law were tried. Systematic discrepancies from predictions of laws of this form were analyzed. An hypothesis of five different receptors whose responses are merged onto three channels in the nervous system was found adequate to account for almost all of the experimental findings. The presence of a sixth different adapting process in the retina was indicated in one case.
Generation of Magnetic Fields in the Relativistic Shock of Gamma‐Ray Burst Sources (1999)

We show that the relativistic two-stream instability can naturally generate strong magnetic fields with 10(-5)-10(-1) of the equipartition energy density, in the collisionless shocks of gamma-ray burst (GRB) sources. The generated fields are parallel to the shock front and fluctuate on the very short scale of the plasma skin depth. The synchrotron radiation emitted from the limb-brightened source image is linearly polarized in the radial direction relative to the source center. Although the net polarization vanishes under circular symmetry, GRB sources should exhibit polarization scintillations as their radio afterglow radiation gets scattered by the Galactic interstellar medium. Detection of polarization scintillations could therefore test the above mechanism for magnetic field generation.
Region-selective biosynthesis of artemisinic acid glycosides by crown galls of Panax quinquefolium and their in vitro antitumor activities (2015)

Two AA glycosides involved one new compound with potential antitumor activity were obtained by region-selective biosynthesis with crown galls of P. quinquefolium.
Analysis of associative reinforcement learning in neural networks using iterated function systems (1992)

A mathematical theory of associative reinforcement learning in neural networks is developed in terms of random iterated function systems (IFSs), which are finite sets of random maps on metric spaces. In particular, the stochastic search for an associative mapping that maximizes the expected pay-off arising from reinforcement is formulated as a random IFS on weight-space. The dynamical evolution of the weights is described by a Markov process. If this process is ergodic then the limiting behavior of the system is described by an invariant probability measure on weight space that can have a fractal-like structure. A class of associative reinforcement learning algorithms is constructed that is an extension of the nonassociative schemes used in stochastic automata theory. The issue of generalization is discussed within the IFS framework and related to the stochastic and possibly fractal nature of the learning process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mapping of Genomic Segments of Influenza B Virus Strains by an Oligonucleotide Microarray Method (2004)

Similar to other segmented RNA viruses, influenza viruses can exchange genome segments and form a wide variety of reassortant strains upon coreplication within a host cell. Therefore, the mapping of genome segments of influenza viruses is essential for understanding their phenotypes. In this work, we have developed an oligonucleotide microarray hybridization method for simultaneous genotyping of all genomic segments of two highly homologous strains of influenza B virus. A few strain-specific oligonucleotide probes matching each of the eight segments of the viral genomes of the B/Beijing/184/93 and B/Shangdong/7/97 strains were hybridized with PCR-amplified fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA. Even though there were a few mismatches among the genomes of the studied virus strains, microarray hybridization showed highly significant and reproducible discrimination ability and allowed us to determine the origins of individual genomic segments in a series of reassortant strains prepared as vaccine candidates. Additionally, we were able to detect the presence of at least 5% of mixed genotypes in virus stocks even when conventional sequencing methods failed, for example, for the NS segment. Thus, the proposed microarray method can be used for (i) rapid and reliable genome mapping of highly homologous influenza B viruses and (ii) extensive monitoring of influenza B virus reassortants and the mixed genotypes. The array can be expanded by adding new oligoprobes and using more quantitative assays to determine the origin of individual genomic segments in series of reassortant strains prepared as vaccine candidates or in mixed virus populations.
The redox protein thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) increases hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha protein expression: Trx-1 overexpression results in increased vascular endothelial growth factor production and enhanced tumor angiogenesis. (2002)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a heterodimer of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta subunits, is a transcriptional activator central to the cellular response to low oxygen that includes metabolic adaptation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inhibited apoptosis. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a small redox protein overexpressed in a number of human primary tumors. We have examined the effects of Trx-1 on HIF activity and the activation of downstream genes. Stable transfection of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells with human Trx-1 caused a significant increase in HIF-1alpha protein levels under both normoxic (20% oxygen) and hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions. Trx-1 increased hypoxia-induced HIF-1 transactivation activity measured using a luciferase reporter under the control of the hypoxia response element. Changes in HIF-1alpha mRNA levels did not account for the changes observed at the protein level, and HIF-1beta protein levels did not change. Trx-1 transfection also caused a significant increase in the protein products of hypoxia-responsive genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide synthase 2 in a number of different cell lines (MCF-7 human breast and HT29 human colon carcinomas and WEHI7.2 mouse lymphoma cells) under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The pattern of expression of the different isoforms of VEGF was not changed by Trx-1. Transfection of a redox-inactive Trx-1 (C32S/C35S) markedly decreased levels of HIF-1alpha protein, HIF-1 transactivating activity, and VEGF protein in MCF-7 cells compared with empty vector controls. In vivo studies using WEHI7.2 cells transfected with Trx-1 showed significantly increased tumor VEGF and angiogenesis. The results suggest that Trx-1 increases HIF-1alpha protein levels in cancer cells and increases VEGF production and tumor angiogenesis.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Cold-Regulated Genes in Barley (1990)

Five different cDNA clones have been isolated which are homologous to cold-regulated mRNAs in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The analyses of their hybridizations indicate that the transcripts accumulate to different levels during cold-treatment. Hybridization experiments using RNAs isolated from different plant tissues indicate that several cold-regulated genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. The expression studies suggest that in barley several different genes are involved in the cold hardening process depending on developmental stages and tissues involved. Homology has been found between the isolated cDNAs and cold-induced transcripts of related cereals. DNA sequence analysis of the clones pT59 and pA086 reveals that the proteins deduced from the longest open reading frame contain arginine rich basic domains.
High-performance flexible ultraviolet photoconductors based on solution-processed ultrathin ZnO/Au nanoparticle composite films (2014)

Transparent ultraviolet (UV) ZnO thin film photoconductors are expected to have great applications in environmental monitoring, large-area displays, and optical communications, and they have drawn enormous interests in recent years. However, at present their performances are not satisfactory: the responsivity R (a parameter characterizing the sensitivity of the device to light) is not high (<1.0 × 10(3) AW(-1)), and the transparency T is not high either (<80%). Realizing high R and high T remains a big challenge today. In this paper, by employing solution-processed ultrathin ZnO/Au nanoparticle composite films, R as high as 1.51 × 10(5) AW(-1) and T of over 90% are achieved. High values for detectivity D* and linear dynamic range LDR are also obtained, which are 2.05 × 10(15) Jones and 60 dB, respectively. Moreover, such high-performance devices can be fabricated on flexible PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrates.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Induction of tumoricidal function in CD4+ T cells is associated with concomitant memory and terminally differentiated phenotype. (2012)

Harnessing the adaptive immune response to treat malignancy is now a clinical reality. Several strategies are used to treat melanoma; however, very few result in a complete response. CD4(+) T cells are important and potent mediators of anti-tumor immunity and adoptive transfer of specific CD4(+) T cells can promote tumor regression in mice and patients. OX40, a costimulatory molecule expressed primarily on activated CD4(+) T cells, promotes and enhances anti-tumor immunity with limited success on large tumors in mice. We show that OX40 engagement, in the context of chemotherapy-induced lymphopenia, induces a novel CD4(+) T cell population characterized by the expression of the master regulator eomesodermin that leads to both terminal differentiation and central memory phenotype, with concomitant secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. This subpopulation of CD4(+) T cells eradicates very advanced melanomas in mice, and an analogous population of human tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells can kill melanoma in an in vitro system. The potency of the therapy extends to support a bystander killing effect of antigen loss variants. Our results show that these uniquely programmed effector CD4(+) T cells have a distinctive phenotype with increased tumoricidal capability and support the use of immune modulation in reprogramming the phenotype of CD4(+) T cells. PMID: 23008334 Funding information This work was supported by: NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 CA33049 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 CA59350 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01CA56821 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA056821 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 CA059350 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P30 CA008748 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 CA033049 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R25 CA020449 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Kinome Profiling Identifies Druggable Targets for Novel Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Antivirals (2017)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant cause of disease in immune-compromised adults and immune naïve newborns. No vaccine exists to prevent HCMV infection, and current antiviral therapies have toxic side effects that limit the duration and intensity of their use. There is thus an urgent need for new strategies to treat HCMV infection. Repurposing existing drugs as antivirals is an attractive approach to limit the time and cost of new antiviral drug development. Virus-induced changes in infected cells are often driven by changes in cellular kinase activity, which led us to hypothesize that defining the complement of kinases (the kinome), whose abundance or expression is altered during infection would identify existing kinase inhibitors that could be repurposed as new antivirals. To this end, we applied a kinase capture technique, multiplexed kinase inhibitor bead-mass spectrometry (MIB-MS) kinome, to quantitatively measure perturbations in >240 cellular kinases simultaneously in cells infected with a laboratory-adapted (AD169) or clinical (TB40E) HCMV strain. MIB-MS profiling identified time-dependent increases and decreases in MIB binding of multiple kinases including cell cycle kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases, and mitotic kinases. Based on the kinome data, we tested the antiviral effects of kinase inhibitors and other compounds, several of which are in clinical use or development. Using a novel flow cytometry-based assay and a fluorescent reporter virus we identified three compounds that inhibited HCMV replication with IC<sub>50</sub> values of <1 μm, and at doses that were not toxic to uninfected cells. The most potent inhibitor of HCMV replication was OTSSP167 (IC<sub>50</sub> <1.2 nm), a MELK inhibitor, blocked HCMV early gene expression and viral DNA accumulation, resulting in a >3 log decrease in virus replication. These results show the utility of MIB-MS kinome profiling for identifying existing kinase inhibitors that can potentially be repurposed as novel antiviral drugs.
Adaptable Strategy to Fabricate Self-Healable and Reprocessable Poly(thiourethane-urethane) Elastomers via Reversible Thiol–Isocyanate Click Chemistry (2020)

Currently, a variety of elastomers with a self-healing capacity and reprocessability have been developed by dynamic chemistry to extend the service life, increase the reliability of polymeric materials, and reduce the waste. However, it is still a large challenge to seek an appropriate dynamic interaction that may perfectly match the general performance of the target polymeric materials such as polyurethane. Herein, we report a poly(thiourethane-urethane) (PTUU–Nx) elastomer containing dynamic thiourethane bonds prepared via a thiol–isocyanate click reaction, which is stable at room temperature, healable at moderate temperature, and reprocessable at high temperature. Importantly, it exhibits a mechanical strength similar to the polyurethane because of a very similar structure. The dynamic feature of PTUU–Nx is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally to originate from the exchange of thiourethane bonds via the reversible generation of isocyanates and thiols. Most importantly, the thiourethane bond possesses a much lower bond dissociation energy than the urethane bond, which not only makes PTUU–Nx elastomers easier to be reprocessed but also endows them with a desirable self-healing ability under moderate conditions. In addition, the optimized sample PTUU–N2 is utilized to fabricate a conductive device by coating Ag glue on the elastomer surface and inserting the coated elastomer into a circuit, which displays a high self-healing efficiency, as the material recovers to its original mechanical property and conductivity. Therefore, these results not only indicate that the PTUU–Nx elastomers have considerable potential for applications in intelligent electronic devices but also provide new ideas for developing new self-healing materials by applying the adaptable dynamic bond to the target polymers.
Rod-shaped nuclear viruses of crustaceans: gut-infecting species (1988)

There are 6 baculovirus-related nuclear viruses known to attack the hepatopancreatic epithelium of decapod crustaceans, including penaeid shrimp, brachyuran crabs, and anomuran crabs. Four of the 6 viruses are nonoccluded. One of the occluded species is accepted as a member of the Baculoviridae by the International Commission on Taxonomy of Viruses. The 4 available gut-infecting crustacean viruses are described and all 6 are compared to each other and to viruses from insects and arachnids that share some similar characteristics. Morphological similarities, including among others the presence of a truly c y h d r i c a l nucleocapsid, a unilateral subapical envelope expansion, and a taillike appendage that arlses from the nucleocapsid and is reflexed withln the envelope expansion, indicate that the crustacean viruses are related to one another. In morphological and some developmental attributes, the crustacean vlruses, including the occluded species, show affinities to the nonoccluded virus of Oryctes, which is currently the type of proposed Subgroup C of the Baculoviridae.
Platinum Modified Aluminides-Present Status (1990)

Since their development in the early 1970’s, platinum modified aluminide diffusion coatings have been recognized for their superior oxidation and hot corrosion resistance on nickel based superalloys. More recently, advances in gas phase aluminizing have been utilized to afford coating protection to the internal as well as external surfaces of hollow gas turbine airfoils. This paper presents a brief review of the development history of the platinum aluminide coating system and discusses the various coating morphologies observed. The results of recent work in applying the low pressure chemical vapor deposition process for the production of platinum modified aluminide gas phase coatings on gas turbine components are highlighted.
Electronic Nose Feature Extraction Methods: A Review (2015)

Many research groups in academia and industry are focusing on the performance improvement of electronic nose (E-nose) systems mainly involving three optimizations, which are sensitive material selection and sensor array optimization, enhanced feature extraction methods and pattern recognition method selection. For a specific application, the feature extraction method is a basic part of these three optimizations and a key point in E-nose system performance improvement. The aim of a feature extraction method is to extract robust information from the sensor response with less redundancy to ensure the effectiveness of the subsequent pattern recognition algorithm. Many kinds of feature extraction methods have been used in E-nose applications, such as extraction from the original response curves, curve fitting parameters, transform domains, phase space (PS) and dynamic moments (DM), parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), energy vector (EV), power density spectrum (PSD), window time slicing (WTS) and moving window time slicing (MWTS), moving window function capture (MWFC), etc. The object of this review is to provide a summary of the various feature extraction methods used in E-noses in recent years, as well as to give some suggestions and new inspiration to propose more effective feature extraction methods for the development of E-nose technology.
Trioctylphosphine as Both Solvent and Stabilizer to Synthesize CdS Nanorods (2009)

High quality CdS nanorods are synthesized reproducibly with cadmium acetate and sulfur as precursors in trioctylphosphine solution. The morphology, crystalline form and phase composition of CdS nanorods are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD). CdS nanorods obtained are uniform with an aspect ratio of about 5:1 and in a wurtzite structure. The influence of reaction conditions on the growth of CdS nanorods demonstrates that low precursor concentration and high reaction temperature (260 degrees C) are favorable for the formation of uniform CdS nanorods with 85.3% of product yield.
A perfect speedup parallel algorithm for the assignment problem on complete weighted bipartite graphs (2002)

The authors present an adaptive parallel algorithm for the assignment problem on complete weighted bipartite graphs, where the edge weights can be real valued and negative. The algorithm is designed using the exclusive-read, exclusive-write parallel random-access machine (EREW PRAM) model of parallel computation. For a complete weighted bipartite graph of n vertices, the algorithm runs in O(n/sup 3//p+n/sup 2/p) time using p processors. The authors obtain a perfect speedup, with respect to the O(n/sup 3/) Hungarian method, for p<or= square root eta , where eta is the cardinality of the larger partite set.<<ETX>>
An Interactive Environment for Multibody Simulation (1993)

Abstract Simulation of three dimensional multibody systems is a sophisticated analysis tool that is often used for design. Before a prototype is constructed, simulation provides a designer with a model that can be modified until a desired result is achieved. General purpose multibody dynamics packages are currently used around the world. During the evolution of multibody simulation, three dimensional graphics became an important tool for both system definition and evaluation of simulation results. In fact, three dimensional graphics was an enabling technology for simulation of large, complex three dimensional systems. However, the process has remained essentially a batch operation in which the analysis of the results is not accessible until the solution is complete. Changes in the model require starting the process over. Although the use of computer simulation in the place of early prototypes was a significant step forward in terms of reduced time and cost to develop a design, even more improvement is possible when the user is able to interactively change and analyze the system at any time in lieu of having to go through discrete trial and error steps. In order to reach this next level, this paper introduces an interactive computer graphics interface for three dimensional multibody dynamic simulation.