gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional fractionation of platelets. (1981)

Studies of platelet populations suggest that they are heterogeneous in size, age, and metabolic parameters. In an attempt to correlate these parameters with efficiency of aggregation, a new technique, functional fractionation, was developed. Platelet populations are separated by their differential reactivity to aggregating agents. For example, low doses of ADP (0.1 to 0.7 microM) are added to stirred PRP, after which gentle centrifugation is used to remove aggregates from single unreacted platelets. The loose aggregates can be readily dispersed for comparison of the physical or biochemical properties of the reacted versus unreacted platelets. It was found that reactive platelets were larger (6.5 micrometer3) than unreacted platelets (5.51 micrometer3). No significant difference in density existed between the two populations, and no release of [14C]serotonin from prelabeled platelets occurred during functional fractionation. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the size difference and revealed that in both populations platelets were structurally intact with a normal discoid shape and no significant difference in organelle content. Human platelets most reactive to ADP were also enriched in glycogen (3.6-fold), ATP (1.6-fold), and ADP (twofold), compared with less reactive cells. These "reactive" cells took up more 51[Cr] and contained 1.9 times more surface sialic acid. In an in vivo aging experiment, rats were injected with 75[Se]methionine. Shortly after labeling (1 day), the most reactive platelets possessed the highest amount of 75[Se]. These results reveal that functionally active platelets, which are also larger, are more active metabolically than less reactive platelets, possess a higher negative surface charge, and may be a younger population.
Novel Approach to More Effective Plug and Abandonment Cementing Techniques (2011)

Abstract The effectiveness of a permanent abandonment plug is measured by its ability to bridge the wellbore cross section both vertically and horizontally, including all annuli, with a plugging medium which can withstand the rigors of the environment to which it is exposed (Figure 1 – Barrier Requirements). The most common method for placing a plug in cased hole with an uncemented annulus has required section milling of the casing, making a clean out run and underreaming of the open hole prior to placing a balanced cement plug. A new method is presented which creates a permanent abandonment plug through the use of a system which perforates uncemented casing, washes the annular space and then mechanically places the cement across the wellbore cross section in a single run. This paper outlines the design methods, laboratory testing and operational elements that were assessed during the development phase, as well as the results of field trials used to qualify this technique.
Four-layer 3D vertical RRAM integrated with FinFET as a versatile computing unit for brain-inspired cognitive information processing (2016)

For the first time, a four-layer HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> -based 3D vertical RRAM, the “tallest” one ever reported, is developed and integrated with FinFET selector. Uniform memory performance across four layers is obtained (±0.8V switching, 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> endurance, 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> s@125°C). SPICE simulations show that high drive current of pillar select transistors is required for high-rise 3D RRAM arrays. The four-layer 3D RRAM is a versatile computing unit for (a) brain-inspired computing and (b) in-memory computing. (a) Stochastic RRAM synapses enable robust pattern learning for a 3D neuromorphic visual system. The 3D architecture with dense and balanced neuron-synapse connections provides 55% EDP savings and 74% V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> reduction (enhanced robustness) compared with conventional 2D architecture; (b) in-memory logic such as NAND, NOR, and bit shift, are essential elements for hyper-dimensional computing. Utilizing the unique vertical connection of 3D RRAM cells, these operations are performed with little data movement.
Effect of Feeding Macerated Alfalfa Silage on Nutrient Digestibility and Milk Yield in Lactating Dairy Cows (1999)

Five feeding studies were conducted with 141 lactating Holstein cows comparing macerated and control alfalfa silage harvested at two cuttings in each of 2 yr. Overall, silage made from macerated alfalfa contained more ash (suggesting improved soil contamination); greater fiber and lower nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) content suggested greater fermentation in the silo. In a digestion study, two diets were fed containing [dry matter (DM) basis] 72% of either control or macerated second-cutting alfalfa. Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was increased by maceration, and similar changes in digestibility were observed with Yb or indigestible ADF as marker; indigestible ADF was used as a marker in later studies. Lactation trials were conducted with first- and second-cutting alfalfa from each year. In each study, diets were formulated from alfalfa silage plus concentrate based on processed high moisture ear corn; mean compositions were (DM basis): negative control (61% control alfalfa silage), macerated (61% macerated alfalfa silage), and positive control (50% control alfalfa silage). All diets contained 2% crude protein from either roasted soybeans or low-solubles fish meal; soybean meal was added to make the positive control isonitrogenous (but not equal in ruminal undergraded protein). Milk yield was greater on macerated than negative control in two of four trials but not different in the other two trials. Yields of milk and milk components were not different between macerated and positive control in one of four trials. Versus the negative control, milk fat synthesis was depressed on macerated alfalfa in one trial. Overall performance on macerated versus negative control indicated greater apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), greater yield of milk, protein, and solids not fat, but lower milk fat content. Yields of milk and milk components were greater overall on positive control versus macerated. Estimation of net energy for lactation (NEL) from maintenance, milk yield, and body weight gain indicated that control and macerated alfalfa silage contained, respectively, 1.36 and 1.42 Mcal of NEL of OM, an increase of about 5% due to maceration of alfalfa in these trials.
Mesa-substrate buried-heterostructure GaInAsP/InP injection lasers (1979)

A new GaInAsP/InP injection laser with buried heterostructure fabricated by single-step epitaxial growth on a mesa substrate is reported. Single longitudinal-mode operation up to 1.4 times the threshold current Ith and linear light-output/current characteristics up to 3Ith are observed at 1.27 μm.
S-1153 Inhibits Replication of Known Drug-Resistant Strains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1998)

S-1153 is a new imidazole compound that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) replication by acting as a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). This compound inhibits replication of HIV-1 strains that are resistant to nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. S-1153 has a 50% effective concentration in the range of 0.3 to 7 ng/ml for strains with single amino acid substitutions that cause NNRTI resistance, including the Y181C mutant, and also has potent activity against clinical isolates. The emergence of S-1153-resistant variants is slower than that for nevirapine, and S-1153-resistant variants contained at least two amino acid substitutions, including F227L or L234I. S-1153-resistant variants are still sensitive to the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors zidovudine (AZT) and lamivudine. In a mouse and MT-4 (human T-cell line) in vivo HIV replication model, S-1153 and AZT administered orally showed a marked synergy for the inhibition of HIV-1 replication. S-1153 shows a significant accumulation in lymph nodes, where most HIV-1 infection is thought to occur. S-1153 may be an appropriate candidate for two-to three-drug combination therapy for HIV infection.
Diagnostic Relevance of β2-Transferrin for the Detection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistulas (2004)

The beta(2)-transferrin assay is a reliable method for confirming suspected CSF and should be used as a primary screening method in all patients with suspected CSF leakage. Although less invasive, the beta(2)-transferrin assay almost matches the high sensitivity achieved by exploratory surgery and intrathecal application of fluorescein. However, the possibility of bias should be carefully considered, and in particular, negative results should be critically compared with clinical symptoms and with results from other diagnostic procedures.
ROAD EXTRACTION IN URBAN AREAS SUPPORTED BY CONTEXT OBJECTS (2000)

In this contribution, we introduce our concept for automatic road extraction in urban areas using high resolution aerial imagery and dense height information. For facilitating the extraction we use a hierachical road model comprising different road elements (markings, lanes, junctions, road network) at different scales as well as context objects of roads like buildings and vehicles. Global contextual knowledge about roads in residential areas helps us to focus on certain image parts, and thus, to cope with the inherently high complexity of urban scenes. Road extraction is then performed in a mainly data driven fashion starting with the extraction of the basic road elements at the lowest level of the road model and reaching the top level, i.e., a topologically consistent road network, with the final steps of processing. On each step in between, hypotheses for the respective road elements are generated and validated, and thus, evidence about roads is collected and transfered to the next step. Since urban roads are often characterized by rather dense traffic the detection of vehicles and vehicle convoys plays a major role. The results of the currently implemented modules give us rise to further realize this concept. 1
The SmartBioPhone™, a point of care vision under development through two European projects: OPTOLABCARD and LABONFOIL (2009)

This paper describes how sixteen partners from eight different countries across Europe are working together in two EU projects focused on the development of a point of care system. This system uses disposable Lab on a Chips (LOCs) that carry out the complete assay from sample preparation to result interpretation of raw samples. The LOC is either embedded in a flexible motherboard with the form of a smartcard (Labcard) or in a Skinpatch. The first project, OPTOLABCARD, extended and tested the use of a thick photoresit (SU-8) as a structural material to manufacture LOCs by lamination. This project produced several examples where SU-8 microfluidic circuitry revealed itself as a viable material for several applications, such as the integration on chip of a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) that includes sample concentration, PCR amplification and optical detection of Salmonella spp. using clinical samples. The ongoing project, LABONFOIL, is using two results of OPTOLABCARD: the sample concentration method and the capability to fabricate flexible and ultra thin LOCs based on sheets instead of wafers. This rupture from the limited and expensive wafer surface heritage allows the development of a platform where LOCs are big enough to include all the sample preparation subcomponents at a low price. These LOCs will be used in four point of care applications: environment, food, cancer and drug monitoring. The user will obtain the results of the tests by connecting the Labcard/Skinpatch reader to a very popular interface (a smartphone), creating a new instrument namely "The SmartBioPhone". All standard smartphone capabilities will be at the disposal of the point of care instrument by a simple click. In order to guarantee the future mass production of these LOCs, the project will develop a large dry film equipment where LOCs will be fabricated at a low cost.
Immunoactive cannabinoids: Therapeutic prospects for marijuana constituents (2000)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
HER2 Reactivation through Acquisition of the HER2 L755S Mutation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to HER2-targeted Therapy in HER2+ Breast Cancer (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Resistance to anti-HER2 therapies in HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancer can occur through activation of alternative survival pathways or reactivation of the HER signaling network. Here we employed BT474 parental and treatment-resistant cell line models to investigate a mechanism by which HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancer can reactivate the HER network under potent HER2-targeted therapies.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Resistant derivatives to lapatinib (L), trastuzumab (T), or the combination (LR/TR/LTR) were developed independently from two independent estrogen receptor ER<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>+</sup> BT474 cell lines (AZ/ATCC). Two derivatives resistant to the lapatinib-containing regimens (BT474/AZ-LR and BT474/ATCC-LTR lines) that showed HER2 reactivation at the time of resistance were subjected to massive parallel sequencing and compared with parental lines. Ectopic expression and mutant-specific siRNA interference were applied to analyze the mutation functionally. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments were performed to test alternative therapies for mutant HER2 inhibition.<b>Results:</b> Genomic analyses revealed that the <i>HER2</i>L755S mutation was the only common somatic mutation gained in the BT474/AZ-LR and BT474/ATCC-LTR lines. Ectopic expression of <i>HER2</i>L755S induced acquired lapatinib resistance in the BT474/AZ, SK-BR-3, and AU565 parental cell lines. <i>HER2</i>L755S-specific siRNA knockdown reversed the resistance in BT474/AZ-LR and BT474/ATCC-LTR lines. The HER1/2-irreversible inhibitors afatinib and neratinib substantially inhibited both resistant cell growth and the HER2 and downstream AKT/MAPK signaling driven by <i>HER2</i>L755S <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i><b>Conclusions:</b> HER2 reactivation through acquisition of the <i>HER2</i>L755S mutation was identified as a mechanism of acquired resistance to lapatinib-containing HER2-targeted therapy in preclinical HER2-amplified breast cancer models, which can be overcome by irreversible HER1/2 inhibitors. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5123-34. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Characterization and application of a DNA aptamer binding to l-tryptophan (2010)

DNA aptamers for specific recognition of L-tryptophan have been evolved by a SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) technique. Truncation-mutation experiments suggest that a 34-mer sequence, Trp3a-1, possesses the strongest binding ability to L-tryptophan. Trp3a-1 is predicted to adopt a loop-stem secondary structure, in which the loop may further fold into a binding pocket for L-tryptophan with the help of the stem. The specificity investigation shows that Trp3a-1 strongly binds to L-tryptophan, has almost no binding to other amino acids, and weakly binds to some tryptophan analogs and peptides containing the L-tryptophan residue. The binding of Trp3a-1 to L-tryptophan is mainly contributed to by hydrogen bonds and precise stacking formed between the binding pocket of Trp3a-1 and all groups on L-tryptophan. This aptamer has also been proved to be an effective ligand for the chiral separation of D/L-tryptophan. L-tryptophan and its derivatives are known to play important biological roles; this aptamer ligand could be used as a tool for the analysis of tryptophan and other related studies.
Total Synthesis of [3a<i>S</i>‐(3aα,9aα,9bβ)]‐3a,4,5,9,9a,9b‐Hexahydro‐3a,6‐dimethyl‐1<i>H</i>‐benz[<i>e</i>]indene‐3,7(2<i>H</i>,8<i>H</i>)‐dione and Derivatives, Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Glucocorticoids (1989)

Abstract The 1 H ‐benz[ e ]indenes 17–21 , building blocks for the synthesis of steroids, were synthesized by coupling the silyl enol ethers 5 or 6 with ethylene acetals 7,8 of α,β‐unsaturated ketones, followed by cyclization under basic or acidic conditions.
Minimally invasive surgery for the retrieval of complex fractured double J stents (1989)

Journal Article Minimally invasive surgery for the retrieval of complex fractured double J stents Get access C R Chapple, C R Chapple Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Institute of Urology, Shaftesbury Avenue, London WC2, UK Correspondence to: Mr C. R. Chapple, Department of Urology, Middlesex Hospital, London W1, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Gelister, J Gelister Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Institute of Urology, Shaftesbury Avenue, London WC2, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R A Miller R A Miller Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Institute of Urology, Shaftesbury Avenue, London WC2, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 76, Issue 7, July 1989, Page 680, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800760709 Published: 06 December 2005 Article history Accepted: 06 February 1989 Published: 06 December 2005
Delayed Replication of Marek's Disease Virus Following in Ovo Inoculation during Late Stages of Embryonal Development (1987)

Several oncogenic and non-oncogenic isolates of Marek's disease virus (MDV) were inoculated into embryonated eggs on embryonation day (ED) 16 to 18, and embryos or chicks hatching from inoculated eggs were examined for infectious virus and viral internal antigen (VIA) in lymphoid organs. There was no evidence of extensive replication of MDV in any of the embryonic tissues examined. Levels of VIA peaked 4-5 days after chicks hatched. This indicated that MDV remained inactive during embryonation and did not initiate pathogenic events until chicks hatched. Because HVT replicated rapidly in the embryo but MDV did not, in ovo inoculation of HVT simultaneously with oncogenic MDV or several days after MDV resulted in significant protection (P less than 0.025) of hatched chicks against Marek's disease (MD). Little protection was obtained if HVT was given simultaneously with MDV or after MDV to chicks already hatched. The relative susceptibility of the embryo to extensive replication of the vaccine virus but not the challenge virus apparently accounted for protection against MD in chicks hatching from dually infected eggs.
[Analysis of 2200 kidney transplantations]. (2001)

Using immunosuppressents reasonably, preventing acute rejection, and achieving good HLA typing are the major factors improving long-term graft/patient survival rate.
Technology in the mortgage industry: the Fannie Mae experience (2002)

Just over a decade ago, the mortgage industry found itself at a crossroads. The power of information technology was clearly visible; however, the industry still found itself burdened with a tremendously inefficient, paper-intensive workflow that added time and cost to the entire mortgage process. This fact, coupled with declining US home ownership rates, was a call to arms for Fannie Mae, an industry leader dedicated to furthering home ownership. Fannie Mae's technology innovations have dramatically cut per-transaction cost and transformed the mortgage industry.
Management of motor complications in Parkinson’s disease (2004)

Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease (PD) typically develop after 4-6 years of therapy, and affect approximately half of all patients. The wearing-off effect is the most common type, and "delayed-on," "no-on," and "on-off" effects, as well as dyskinesias, may also develop as the disease progresses. Collectively, motor fluctuations represent a significant source of disability in advanced PD patients, and their mitigation is a major goal of patient management. Adjunctive medications, including dopamine agonists, amantadine, MAO-B inhibitors, and COMT inhibitors, each may reduce the frequency or duration of "off" periods, but none does so completely, and each contributes its own side effects which may limit optimal dosing. Surgery is another strategy to reduce "off" time, and both pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus or the subthalamic nucleus have been shown to be highly effective in this regard. However, surgery may be contraindicated in elderly advanced patients who could most benefit from its effect on "off" time. The unmet need for treatment of "off" episodes suggests the potential utility of an agent such as apomorphine injectable, which can reliably trigger an "on" response within 10-15 minutes of injection.
Robust intravascular optical coherence elastography driven by acoustic radiation pressure (2007)

High strain spots in the vessel wall indicate the presence of vulnerable plaques. The majority of acute cardiovascular events are preceded by rapture of such a plaque in a coronary artery. Intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be extended, in principle, to an elastography technique, mapping the strain in the vascular wall. However, the susceptibility of OCT to frame-to-frame decorrelation, caused by tissue and catheter motion, inhibits reliable tissue displacement tracking and has to date obstructed the development of OCT-based intravascular elastography. We introduce a new technique for intravascular optical coherence elastography, which is robust against motion artifacts. Using acoustic radiation force, we apply a pressure to deform the tissue synchronously with the line scan rate of the OCT instrument. Radial tissue displacement can be tracked based on the correlation between adjacent lines, instead of subsequent frames in conventional elastography. The viability of the method is demonstrated with a simulation study. The root mean square (rms) error of the displacement estimate is 0.55 μm, and the rms error of the strain is 0.6%. It is shown that high-strain spots in the vessel wall, such as observed at the sites of vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions, can be detected with the technique. Experiments to realize this new elastographic method are presented. Simultaneous optical and ultrasonic pulse-echo tracking demonstrate that the material can be put in a high-frequency oscillatory motion with an amplitude of several micrometers, more than sufficient for accurate tracking with OCT. The resulting data are used to optimize the acoustic pushing sequence and geometry.
Application of fuzzy cluster analysis for medical image data mining (2006)

This paper studies the application of fuzzy cluster analysis for medical image data mining. Decision tree algorithms are applied to the data mining of the mammography classification and a medical image classifier based on decision tree algorithm is proposed. The experimental results show that the system performs quite well in accuracy and therefore reveals the potential of data mining in medical treatment assistance.