gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective regulation of cytokine induction by adenoviral gene transfer of IkappaBalpha into human macrophages: lipopolysaccharide-induced, but not zymosan-induced, proinflammatory cytokines are inhibited, but IL-10 is nuclear factor-kappaB independent. (1999)

Macrophages are the major cytokine producers in chronic inflammatory diseases, but the biochemical pathways regulating cytokine production are poorly understood. This is because genetic tools to dissect signaling pathways cannot be used in macrophages because of difficulties in transfection. We have developed an adenoviral technique to achieve high efficiency gene delivery into macrophages and recently showed that spontaneous TNF-alpha production in rheumatoid arthritis joint cells, chiefly from macrophages, is 75% blocked by adenoviral transfer of IkappaBalpha. In this report we use the same adenovirus to investigate whether the production of a number of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8) from human macrophages depends on NF-kappaB. While the cytokine response to certain inducers, such as LPS, PMA, and UV light, is blocked by overexpression of IkappaBalpha, the response to zymosan is not. In contrast, anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist) induced by LPS are only marginally inhibited by IkappaBalpha excess. These studies demonstrate several new points about macrophage cytokine production. First, there is heterogeneity of mechanisms regulating both the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines within populations of a single cell type. In addition, the results confirm the utility of the adenoviral technique for functional analysis of cytokine induction. The results also confirm that there are autocrine and paracrine interactions regulating cytokine synthesis within a single cell type. The selectivity of NF-kappaB blockade for proinflammatory but not anti-inflammatory mediators indicates that in macrophages, NF-kappaB may be a good target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
WOLFE: strength reduction and approximate programming for probabilistic programming (2014)

Existing modeling languages lack the expressiveness or ef-ficiency to support many modern and successful machine learning (ML) models such as structured prediction or ma-trix factorization. We present WOLFE, a probabilistic pro-gramming language that enables practitioners to develop such models. Most ML approaches can be formulated in terms of scalar objectives or scoring functions (such as distribu-tions) and a small set of mathematical operations such as maximization and summation. In WOLFE, the user works within a functional host language to declare scalar functions and invoke mathematical operators. The WOLFE compiler then replaces the operators with equivalent, but more efficient (strength reduction) and/or approximate (approximate pro-gramming) versions to generate low-level inference or learn-ing code. This approach can yield very concise programs, high expressiveness and efficient execution.
<title>Time-Delay-And-Integration Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) Applied To The Thematic Mapper</title> (1978)

The Thematic Mapper (with its 30 m ground footprint in five-spectral bands from 0.4 μm to 2.0 μm and 120 m GFT in a 10.5 μm to 12.5 μm spectral band) represents the next generation sensor system for application to earth resource survey. The Thematic Mapper (TM) uses a 56 cm x 42 cm oscillating mirror to scan the scene, and is designed to provide accurate radiometric measurements. Currently, in the visible focal plane the discrete detectors must provide 80% quantum efficiency, nominally 100 electrons noise, less than 5% ripple in the spectral response, and 0.5% signal crosstalk to meet system requirements. This focal plane uses complex hybrid assembly techniques to interface silicon photodiodes to JFET preamplifiers. This complexity can be ameliorated by using a new approach in signal pro-cessing which takes advantage of the properties of charge-coupled devices (CCD). A 20-channel time-delay-and-integration (TDI) CCD with nine stages of integration per channel has been built for a TM application. By going to a CCD array which operates in a TDI mode, over 700 individual Op Amps can be replaced with only 48 Op Amps. Smooth spectral response and 70% quantum efficiency have been provided by using doped tin oxide gates over the imaging region. The 20 x 9 TDI device when operated with all 9 integration stages, ,exceeded SNR requirements by a factor of 2. The crosstalk performance is controlled by providing high charge transfer efficiency using a buried channel CCD. The TDI device has demonstrated charge integration for both forward and reverse scans of the oscillating mirror, and a form of exposure control is provided by integrating over 3, 6, or all 9 stages in either direction of scan.
La educación: responsabilidad pública o privada (2008)

Our work provides a deeper mechanistic insight into LACTB-mediated cancer-cell death and shows the dynamics of the cellular responses a particular tumor suppressive stimulus might evoke under different genetic landscapes.
Bone Mineralization and Osteoblast Differentiation Are Negatively Modulated by Integrin αvβ3 (2001)

Numerous bone matrix proteins can interact with alpha(v)-containing integrins including alpha(v)beta3. To elucidate the net effects of the interaction between these proteins and alpha(v)beta3 on osteoblast function, we developed a murine osteoblastic cell line that overexpressed human alpha(v)beta3. Human alpha(v)beta3-integrin was expressed on cell membrane, in which its presence did not alter the surface level of endogenous mouse alpha(v)beta3. The expressed human alpha(v)beta3 was functional because cell adhesion to osteopontin was increased and this increment was abolished by antibody against human alpha(v)beta3. The proliferation rate of cells overexpressing alpha(v)beta3 (alpha(v)beta3-cells) was increased whereas matrix mineralization was decreased. To elucidate the mechanisms leading to inhibition of matrix mineralization, the expression of proteins important for mineralization was analyzed. Alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of osteocalcin, type I collagen, and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were decreased whereas osteopontin was stimulated in alpha(v)beta3-cells. The regulation of osteopontin, osteocalcin, and BSP expression was mediated via transcriptional mechanism because their promoter activities were altered. Examination of molecules involved in integrin signaling indicated that activator protein-1 (AP-1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activities were enhanced whereas c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity was decreased in alpha(v)beta3-cells. The activity of p38 and the levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and vinculin were not altered. Moreover, the adhesions of alpha(v)beta3-cells to type I collagen and fibronectin were inhibited, which was attributed to decreased beta1-integrin levels on cell surface. In conclusion, overexpressing alpha(v)beta3-integrin in osteoblasts stimulated cell proliferation but retarded differentiation, which were derived via altered integrin-matrix interactions, signal transduction, and matrix protein expression.
Clean Electromigrated Nanogaps Imaged by Transmission Electron Microscopy (2006)

Electromigrated nanogaps have shown great promise for use in molecular scale electronics. We have fabricated nanogaps on free-standing transparent SiN(x) membranes which permit the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to image the gaps. The electrodes are formed by extending a recently developed controlled electromigration procedure and yield a nanogap with approximately 5 nm separation clear of any apparent debris. The gaps are stable, on the order of hours as measured by TEM, but over time (months) relax to about 20 nm separation determined by the surface energy of the Au electrodes. A major benefit of electromigrated nanogaps on SiN(x) membranes is that the junction pinches in away from residual metal left from the Au deposition which could act as a parasitic conductance path. This work has implications to the design of clean metallic electrodes for use in nanoscale devices where the precise geometry of the electrode is important.
Formation of nascent secretory vesicles from the trans-Golgi network of endocrine cells is inhibited by tyrosine kinase and phosphatase inhibitors. (1996)

Recent evidence suggests that secretory vesicle formation from the TGN is regulated by cytosolic signaling pathways involving small GTP-binding proteins, heterotrimeric G proteins, inositol phospholipid metabolism, and protein serine/threonine phosphorylation. At the cell surface, protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation on tyrosine residues can rapidly modulate cytosolic signaling pathways in response to extracellular stimuli and have been implicated in the internalization and sorting of signaling receptors. to determine if phosphotyrosine metabolism might also regulate secretory vesicle budding from the TGN, we treated permeabilized rat pituitary GH3 cells with inhibitors of either tyrosine phosphatases or tyrosine kinases. We demonstrate that the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors pervanadate and zinc potently inhibited budding of nascent secretory vesicles. Tyrphostin A25 (TA25) and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors also prevented secretory vesicle release, suggesting that vesicle formation requires both phosphatase and kinase activities. A stimulatory peptide derived from the NH2 terminus of the small GTP-binding protein ADP ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) antagonized the inhibitory effect of TA25, indicating that both agents influence the same pathway leading to secretory vesicle formation. Antiphosphotyrosine immunoblotting revealed that protein tyrosine phosphorylation was enhanced after treatment with tyrosine phosphatase or kinase inhibitors. Subcellular fractionation identified several tyrosine phosphorylated polypeptides of approximately 175, approximately 130, and 90-110 kD that were enriched in TGN-containing Golgi fractions and tightly membrane associated. The phosphorylation of these polypeptides correlated with inhibition of vesicle budding. Our results suggest that in endocrine cells, protein tyrosine phosphrylation and dephosphorylation are required for secretory vesicle release from the TGN.
On control of gate controlled series capacitor for SSR and power oscillation damping (2009)

The subsynchronous resonance (SSR) phenomenon may occur when a steam turbine-generator is connected to a long transmission line with series compensation. In this paper, to mitigate SSR, two control methodologies for turn-off angle control of the gate-controlled series capacitor (GCSC) are presented. The first methodology is an open-loop control that uses the line current frequency oscillations to generate proper turn-ff angle for the GCSC. The second one is a closed loop control that is based on the Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy logic controller. The study system was modified from the IEEE first benchmark model by changing a part of the fixed series capacitor to the GCSC. The MATLABreg program was used to verify the effectiveness of each control methodology. Three different GCSC ratings were analyzed. It is shown that using an open-loop control methodology, in some GCSC ratings, the SSR can be properly damped. It is also shown that using TS fuzzy control methodology, not only SSR but also electromechanical power oscillation can be effectively damped.
Relationship between folate,vitamin B_(12) plasma homocysteine levels and polymorphisms of MTHFR gene in Alzheimer's disease (2004)

Objective: To study the relationship between plasma folate, vitamin B12, plasma homocysteine(Hcy) levels and the polymorphisms of MTHFR gene in Alzheimer′s disease (AD). Methods: 42 AD patients and 40 normal aged subjects were recruited in the study. The polymorphisms of MTHFR gene were analyzed using PCR-RFLP and their plasma total Hcy levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Plasma folate and serum vitamin B12 were determined for all of them. Results: There were three kinds of genotype: T/T (homozygous mutation), T/C (heterozygous mutation) and C/C (wild-type). There was no significance between the frequencies of the genotypes and alleles of MTHFR gene in AD patients and in normal elderly subjects (P 0.05). Mean total plasma homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher in AD patients than in the normal elderly subjects (t =16.64, P 0.001). Plasma folate and serum vitamin B12 concentrations were significantly lower in AD group than in control group (t =7.24, 9.11, respectively, P 0.001). Conclusions: MTHFR mutation is not associated with AD. Hyperhomocysteinemia may be a new risk factor for AD.
Enhanced and retarded diffusion of arsenic in silicon by point defect engineering (2007)

Arsenic enhanced or retarded diffusion is observed by overlapping the dopant region with, respectively, interstitial-rich and vacancy-rich regions produced by Si implants. Enhanced diffusion can be attributed to interstitial-mediated diffusion during postimplant annealing. Two possible mechanisms for diffusion retardation, interstitial-vacancy recombination and dopant clustering, are analyzed in additional experiments. The point defect engineering approach demonstrated in this letter could be applied to fabrication of n-type ultrashallow junctions.
Elastic plates: theory and application (1989)

Mathematical preliminaries survey of elasticity theory fundamentals of plate theory basic equations and associated boundary conditions static deformation of transversely loaded plates dynamics of plates initially stressed plates - elastic instability numerical methods nonlinear considerations laminated plates.
Über höhere Nickelhydroxyde (1950)

Abstract Durch kalorimetrische Titration werden bei den höheren Nickelhydroxyden die Stufen NiO 2 · xH 2 O, Ni 2 O 3 · xH 2 O und Ni 3 O 4 · xH 2 O nachgewiesen. Bei der Oxydation entsteht als Primärprodukt NiO 2 · xH 2 O, das mit Ni(OH) 2 Ni 2 O 3 · xH 2 O bildet; Ni 2 O 3 · xH 2 O reagiert mit Ni(OH) 2 zu Ni 3 O 4 · xH 2 O. NiO 2 ist röntgenamorph und leicht zersetzlich. Bei Zimmertemperatur entsteht durch Fällung und durch anodische Oxydation β‐NiOOH. β‐NiOOH geht durch Erhitzen auf 115°, durch Lagern unter Wasser und 0,1 n Natronlauge in Ni 3 O 2 (OH) 4 über, das selbst durch Oxydation wieder in β‐NiOOH verwandelt werden kann. β‐NiOOH und Ni 3 O 2 (OH) 4 werden durch Kochen mit Wasser in NiO 1,16 · xH 2 O zersetzt, das wahrscheinlich NiO enthält. Ni 3 O 2 (OH) 4 , dessen Formel durch Analyse und isobaren Abbau sichergestellt ist, wird durch Elektrolyse zwischen 40 und 60° und durch Fällung zwischen 50 und 100° dargestellt. In Gegenwart von Wasser und 0,1n Natronlauge ist es im Gegensatz zu NiO 2 · xH 2 O und β‐NiOOH beständig. Enthalten Ni 3 O 2 (OH) 4 ‐Verbindungen von β‐NiOOH und gegebenenfalls durch NiO 2 · xH 2 O hervorgerufen, wie durch Potentialmessungen gezeigt wird. Das blauschwarze 4Ni(OH) 2 magnified image NiOOH wird anodisch bei 70 bis 80° abgeschieden; durch Fällung bei 100° ist es nicht rein zu erhalten. Die Verbindung ist isomorph mit grünem Kobalthyroxyd der Formel 4Co(OH) 2 magnified image CoOOH, sowie basischen Nickel‐ und Kobaltsalzen. Nach FEITKNECHT besitzt 4 Ni(OH) 2 magnified image NiOOH sogenannte Doppelschichtenstruktur. Metallisches Nickel wird durch Schmelzen mit Natrium‐ bzw. Kaliumperoxyd und anschließende vorsichtige Hydrolyse des gebildeten NaNiO 2 bzw. KNiO 2 in γ‐NiOOH übergeführt. γ‐NiOOH kristallisiert im gleichen Typ wie das blauschwarze 4 Ni(OH) 2 magnified image NiOOH, seine Struktur wird analog als Doppelschichtenstruktur der Konstitutionsformel 3 NiOOH magnified image NiOOH festgelegt. γ‐NiOOH kann leicht weiteroxydiert werden. Aus K 2 [Ni(CN) 4 ]‐Lösung wird unter geeigneten Bedingungen α‐NiOOH gefällt. Wahrscheinlich kommt ihm Doppelschichtenstruktur zu, so daß seine Konstitutionsformel mit 4 NiOOH magnified image NiOOH angegeben werden kann, doch leitet sich sein Gitter vom C 6‐Typ ab. Die verschiedenen Fällungsbedingungen werden diskutiert und der Reaktionsmechanismus der Fällungen zu erklären versucht. Aus der nachfolgenden Publikation werden die Gitterabmessungen einiger Verbindungen entnommen.
Sol–gel preparation of single-layer, 0.75 μm thick lead zirconate titanate films from lead nitrate-titanium and zirconium alkoxide solutions containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (2001)

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films were deposited on nesa silica glass substrates by spin coating using a Pb(NO3)2–Zr(OC3H7n)4–Ti(OC3H7i)4 solution containing polyvinylpyrrolidone and acetylacetone. The coating solution had stable viscosity for over 1300 h at room temperature. Single-layer PZT films as thick as 0.75 μm could be obtained via single-step spin coating with successive gel film heat treatments at 80, 300, and 700 °C. The fired films were optically transparent and crack free, exhibiting P–E hysteresis loops with remanent polarization of 24.6±1.6 μC cm−2 and coercive field of 95.6±9.8 kV cm−1.
Standard Error of an Equating by Item Response Theory (1982)

A formula is derived for the asymptotic standard error of a true-score equating by item response theory. The equating method is applicable when th two tests to be equated are administered to different groups along with an anchor test. Numerical standard errors are shown for an actual equating (1) comparing the standard errors of IRT, linear, e and equipercentile methods and (2) illustrating the effect of the length of the anchor test on the standard error of the equating.
Recent advances in carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions involving homoenolates generated by NHC catalysis (2008)

Homoenolate, a species containing anionic carbon beta to a carbonyl group or a moiety that can be transformed into a carbonyl group, is a potential three carbon synthon. Recent introduction of a protocol for the generation of homoenolate directly from enals by NHC (nucleophilic heterocyclic carbene) catalysis has made it possible to explore the synthetic utility of this unique reactive intermediate. The versatility of NHC-bound homoenolate is illustrated by its annulation with various carbonyl compounds leading to gamma-butyrolactones, spiro-gamma-butyrolactones, and delta-lactones. Interception of homoenolate with imines afforded gamma-lactams and bicyclic beta-lactams. Formation of cyclopentenes and spirocyclopentanones respectively by reaction with enones and dienones is also noteworthy. This tutorial review focuses on these and other types of reactions which attest to the synthetic potential of NHC-bound homoenolates in organic synthesis.
Geometric and Electronic Control of Thermal Bergman Cyclization (2004)

The geometric and electronic contributions to Bergman cyclization of simple enediynes are compared and contrasted to those of recently developed metalloenediyne analogues. The ­comparison reveals that metals can have more diverse, subtle, and in some cases, more dramatic geometric effects upon Bergman ­cyclization than simple substitution chemistry. In addition to ­geometric consequences imposed by metals, electronic control of metalloenediyne cyclization is emerging as a complementary ­parameter in complex design.
Quantitative Measurement of Transmission, Reflection, and Diffraction of Two-Dimensional Photonic Band Gap Structures at Near-Infrared Wavelengths (1997)

We present quantitative measurements of the interaction between a guided optical wave and a two-dimensional photonic crystal using spontaneous emission of the material as an internal point source. This is the first analysis at near-infrared wavelengths where transmission, reflection, and in-plane diffraction are quantified at the same time. Low transmission coincides with high reflection or in-plane diffraction, indicating that the light remains guided upon interaction. Also, good qualitative agreement is found with a two-dimensional simulation based on the transfer matrix method.
Beam steering in high-power CW quantum-cascade lasers (2005)

We report the light-current (L-I), spectral, and far-field characteristics of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with seven different wavelengths in the /spl lambda/=4.3 to 6.3 /spl mu/m range. In continuous-wave (CW) mode, the narrow-stripe (/spl ap/13 /spl mu/m) epitaxial- side-up devices operated at temperatures up to 340 K, while at 295 K the CW output power was as high as 640 mW with a wallplug efficiency of 4.5%. All devices with /spl lambda//spl ges/4.7 /spl mu/m achieved room-temperature CW operation, and at T=200 K several produced powers exceeding 1 W with /spl ap/10% wallplug efficiency. The data indicated both spectral and spatial instabilities of the optical modes. For example, minor variations of the current often produced nonmonotonic hopping between spectra with envelopes as narrow as 5-10 nm or as broad as 200-250 nm. Bistable beam steering, by far-field angles of up to /spl plusmn/12/spl deg/ from the facet normal, also occurred, although even in extreme cases the beam quality never became worse than twice the diffraction limit. The observed steering is consistent with a theory for interference and beating between the two lowest order lateral modes. We also describe simulations of a wide-stripe photonic-crystal distributed-feedback QCL, which based on the current material quality is projected to emit multiple watts of CW power into a single-mode beam at T=200 K.
More on the meaning of "blood-brain barrier". (1981)

Journal Article More on the meaning of "blood-brain barrier". Get access A Gjedde A Gjedde Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 27, Issue 8, 1 August 1981, Page 1474, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/27.8.1474 Published: 01 August 1981
H Detection in MAS Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Biomacromolecules Employing Pulsed Field Gradients for Residual Solvent Suppression (2003)

In this communication, we demonstrate the feasibility of 1H detection in MAS solid-state NMR for a microcrystalline, uniformly 2H,15N-labeled sample of a SH3 domain of chicken alpha-spectrin, using pulsed field gradients for suppression of water magnetization. Today, B0 gradients are employed routinely in solution-state NMR for coherence order selection and solvent suppression. We suggest to use gradients to purge water magnetization which cannot be suppressed using conventional water suppression schemes. The achievable gain in sensitivity for 1H detection is in the order of 5 compared to the 15N detected version of the experiment (at a MAS rotation frequency of 13.5 kHz). We expect that this labeling concept which achieves high sensitivity due to 1H detection, in combination with the possibility to measure long range 1H-1H distances as we have shown previously, to be a useful tool for the determination of protein structures in the solid state.
Clinical Applications of Research on Fatigue in Children with Cancer (2001)

Fatigue is a prevalent problem in the pediatric oncology population but is probably underrecognized and undertreated. The research on fatigue in children with cancer presented in this issue offers a welcome exploration of the subject. Clinical nurses must begin to understand the causes and symptoms of fatigue, as well as supportive care measures for their patients. Fatigue can occur in children who receive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and biotherapy, and in children who are treated with bone marrow transplantation. Education of the patient and family regarding the potential for fatigue is helpful in preparing them for the cancer experience. Factors that contribute to and alleviate fatigue can be identified for each patient, taking into consideration age, developmental level, and cultural back-ground. Parents and patients, especially adolescent patients, may have differing opinions about what fatigue is and what may be helpful. Further research into fatigue in children with cancer is encouraged, especially in patients suffering from alterations in sleep or nutritional status, and in long-term survivors of childhood cancer.