gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of a rat liver Golgi alpha-mannosidase capable of processing asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. (1979)

Studies in intact cells have shown the following processing reaction to occur during Asn-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis (M, mannose; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine): Formula: (See Text) We have identified a rat liver Golgi enzyme which catalyzes this reaction in vitro. This alpha-mannosidase has been purified 3,000 to 6,000-fold by subcellular fractionation, Triton X-100 solubilization, and ion exchange and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The purified enzyme has a pH optimum between 6.0 and 6.5 and a Km between 17 and 100 microM for a processing intermediate. The enzyme shows specificity for alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues. Structural analysis of the in vitro reaction products reveal that specific intermediates are formed in the conversion of the (Man)9GlcNAc oligosaccharide to the (Man)5GlcNAc oligosaccharide. Heat inactivation studies are consistent with the possibility that one enzyme activity is responsible for this conversion. The alpha 1,2-specific mannosidase described here appears to be distinct from two other rat liver Golgi alpha-mannosidase activities based on differential substrate specificity, inhibitor susceptibility, and detergent extractability.
Outline of a versatile corrected LEEM (1992)

A low-energy electron micorscope (LEEM) corrected for spherical and chromatic aberration is proposed which can operate at different imaging modes. The microscope consists of a conical electromagnetic immersion objective lens, a mirror-hexapole corrector, an electron source, and a projector system, which are symmetrically arranged about a compact stigmatically imaging magnetic 90 o beam splitter with quadratic shape
Penetration of Topically Administered Ofloxacin and Trimethoprim Into Aqueous Humor (2002)

Ocular penetration of two topical antibiotics used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis was assessed in adult volunteers scheduled for cataract surgery. In this randomized, parallel-group study, patients instilled trimethoprim sulfate 0.1%/polymyxin B (n = 23) or ofloxacin 0.3% (n = 25) QID for 3 days, plus 4 instillations in the hour before surgery. Analysis of aqueous humor samples obtained during surgery showed a 2.4-fold greater concentration of ofloxacin over trimethoprim (1.135 micro g/ml vs 0.470 micro g/ml; P <.0001). The greater concentration of ofloxacin in ocular tissue coupled with its superior antibacterial activity profile supports its use as an alternative to trimethoprim/polymyxin B for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.
A Labor-Saving Method for Rearing the Driedfruit Beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) on Pinto Bean-Based Diet1 (1987)

A rearing method for the dries fruit beetle, Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), is described. A common, pinto bean-based diet is used. Rearing time was saved and survival of the insects was increased by allowing neonate larvae to transfer themselves, and by collecting wandering larvae (rather than pupae) for distribution into rearing cups. This method effectively produces large numbers of insects of known physiological age.
A charge inverter for III-nitride light-emitting diodes (2016)

In this work, we propose a charge inverter that substantially increases the hole injection efficiency for InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The charge inverter consists of a metal/electrode, an insulator, and a semiconductor, making an Electrode-Insulator-Semiconductor (EIS) structure, which is formed by depositing an extremely thin SiO2 insulator layer on the p+-GaN surface of a LED structure before growing the p-electrode. When the LED is forward-biased, a weak inversion layer can be obtained at the interface between the p+-GaN and SiO2 insulator. The weak inversion region can shorten the carrier tunnel distance. Meanwhile, the smaller dielectric constant of the thin SiO2 layer increases the local electric field within the tunnel region, and this is effective in promoting the hole transport from the p-electrode into the p+-GaN layer. Due to the improved hole injection, the external quantum efficiency is increased by 20% at 20 mA for the 350 × 350 μm2 LED chip. Thus, the proposed EIS holds great promise for high efficiency LEDs.
Spectral grouping using the nystrom method (2004)

Spectral graph theoretic methods have recently shown great promise for the problem of image segmentation. However, due to the computational demands of these approaches, applications to large problems such as spatiotemporal data and high resolution imagery have been slow to appear. The contribution of this paper is a method that substantially reduces the computational requirements of grouping algorithms based on spectral partitioning making it feasible to apply them to very large grouping problems. Our approach is based on a technique for the numerical solution of eigenfunction problems known as the Nyström method. This method allows one to extrapolate the complete grouping solution using only a small number of samples. In doing so, we leverage the fact that there are far fewer coherent groups in a scene than pixels.
Role of Surfactant Type and Concentration for the Mean Drop Size during Emulsification in Turbulent Flow (2004)

A systematic experimental study of the effect of several factors on the mean drop diameter, d32, during emulsification, is performed with soybean oil-in-water emulsions. These factors are (1) type of used emulsifier; (2) emulsifier concentration, CS; and (3) ionic strength of the aqueous solution. Three different types of emulsifier, anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), nonionic (polyoxyethylene-20 cetyl ether, Brij 58), and protein (whey protein concentrate), are studied. For all of the studied systems, two well-defined regions are observed in the dependence of d32 on CS: at low surfactant concentration, d32 increases significantly with the decrease of CS (region 1), whereas d32 does not depend on CS at high surfactant concentration (region 2). The model, proposed by Tcholakova et al. (Langmuir 2003, 19, 5640), is found to describe well the dependence of d32 on CS in region 1 for the nonionic surfactant and for the protein emulsifier at high electrolyte concentration, 150 mM NaCl. According to this model, a well defined minimal surfactant adsorption (close to that of the dense adsorption monolayer) is needed for obtaining an emulsion. On the other hand, this model is found inapplicable to emulsions stabilized by the ionic surfactant, SDS, and by the nonionic surfactant, Brij 58, at low electrolyte concentration. The performed theoretical analysis of drop-drop interactions, in the emulsification equipment, shows that a strong electrostatic repulsion between the colliding drops impedes the drop-drop coalescence in the latter systems, so that smaller emulsion drops are obtained in comparison with the theoretically predicted ones. The results for SDS-stabilized emulsions in region 1 are explained by a quantitative consideration of this electrostatic repulsion. The drop size in region 2 (surfactant-rich regime) is described very well by the Kolmogorov-Hinze theory of turbulent emulsification.
A Practical Synthesis of (1<i>S</i>,2<i>R</i>)-1-Amino-2-indanol, a Key Component of HIV Protease Inhibitor, Indinavir (1998)

The synthesis of (1S,2R)-1-amino-2-indanol, a key component of HIV protease inhibitor, is accomplished in eight steps from d-phenylalanine. The starting material is converted into 2-acetoxy-1-indanone in four steps involving intramolecular Friedel-Crafts cyclization. The stereochemically labile α-acetoxy ketone is hydrolyzed to 2-hydroxy-1-indanone using a catalytic amount of scandium triflate without any loss of the optical purity. Diastereoselective hydrogenation of α-hydroxy oxime, derived from the α-hydroxy ketone, gives the amino alcohol in 96% cis-selectivity. Optical purity of the starting material is perfectly retained throughout the transformations.
Proposal for a 10-THz precision optical frequency comb generator (1992)

A novel scheme for generating a comb of precisely known optical frequency markers with kilohertz accuracy over a 10-THz span is proposed. Based on the use of optical parametric oscillator frequency dividers, the method provides absolute frequency identification in a dense fiber-based optical communication network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Roles of Dopamine and Inflammation-Related Molecules in Behavioral Alterations Caused by Repeated Stress (2012)

Prolonged or intensive stress results in emotional and cognitive deficits and is a major risk factor for psychiatric disorders such as depression. Since the molecular mechanisms of how biological adaptations to stress go awry remains elusive, pharmaceutical development targeting stress has not been established. In rodents, repeated stress alters functions of multiple brain areas including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that confers stress resilience, thereby causing depression, anxiety, and working memory deficit. The mesocortical dopaminergic pathway that regulates such stress-coping functions is attenuated with repetition of stress via prostaglandin (PG) E(2), a bioactive lipid derived from arachidonic acid, and its receptor EP1. Several findings suggest that microglia activated by repeated stress are involved in emotional and cognitive changes as a source of inflammation-related molecules such as PGE(2) and IL-1β. IL-1 signaling is critical not only for emotional changes but also for microglial activation induced by repeated stress. Furthermore, purinergic signaling via the P2X7 receptor that can trigger PGE(2) and IL-1β production in microglia has been implicated in the pro-depressive effect of repeated stress as well as depressive disorders. Collectively, inflammation-related molecules that link repeated stress to mPFC dysfunction are potential targets of pharmaceutical development for psychiatric disorders.
Aziridination of cyclohex-2-en-1-ol and geraniol: comparison with epoxidation (1988)

Aziridination of cyclohex-2-en-1-ol with 3-acetoxyamino-2-ethylquinazolone (1) is highly stereoselective, and reaction with geraniol is highly regioselective for the allylic alcohol double bond; comparisons are made with the corresponding reactions of peracids.
Erratum: Differential effects of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial products on morphine induced inhibition of phagocytosis (2016)

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 21094; published online: 19 February 2016; updated: 20 April 2016. The original version of this Article contained errors in the spelling of the authors Jana Ninkovic, Vidhu Anand, Raini Dutta, Lisa Koodie, Santanu Banerjee and Sabita Roy which were incorrectly given as Ninkovic Jana, Anand Vidhu, Dutta Raini, Koodie Lisa, Banerjee Santanu and Roy Sabita.
Sertraline in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. (1996)

It is estimated that 2 to 9 percent of women suffer from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Despite decades of research, effective treatments for the condition have eluded investigators. Research criteria for (PMDD) were established to promote investigation into the treatment and psychobiology of severe, dysphoric premenstrual symptomatology. Application of these new criteria to clinical trials adds needed rigor to research in this area and justifies the identification of effective treatments. In this study, rigorous criteria were utilized in a 12-center trial investigating the efficacy of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline in the treatment of PMDD. The study was completed and data was available for 162 women. A preliminary analysis demonstrated a positive response (very much improved or much improved) in 68 percent of patients treated with sertraline, compared with only 40 percent of patients treated with placebo (p < .01). This preliminary analysis provides strong support for the efficacy of sertraline as a treatment of severe premenstrual dysphoria.
The internet: Useful model or interesting experiment? (1995)

Abstract While many users appear to believe that the Internet has already become the somewhat nebulously defined Information Superhighway discussed in world media, it is not yet clear that this transformation will ever occur. This article examines a few of the fundamental issues and questions that must be addressed and resolved before a clear picture emerges.
A Review of Plasma Apolipoprotein A-I Interactions with Phosphatidylcholines (1984)

This review starts with a brief introduction to the properties of plasma high-density lipoproteins and their major protein component, apolipoprotein A-I, followed, in the following sections, by an account of experimental work from our laboratory on the interactions of apolipoprotein A-I with synthetic and natural phosphatidylcholines. The spontaneous reactions of phosphatidylcholine vesicles with apolipoprotein A-I are described in terms of the methods of observation, the properties of the reaction products (vesicular or micellar complexes of protein and lipid), and the kinetic controlling factors in the formation of the micellar products. A general detergent reconstitution method for the preparation of micellar complexes is presented, and applications of these particles in studies of the apolipoprotein-lipid interface and of enzymatic reactions are discussed.
Donepezil for the Treatment of Behavioral Symptoms in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease (2002)

Behavioral and psychologic symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common manifestations in mid- and late-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Traditional treatments for BPSD are neuroleptics and sedatives, which are not devoid of serious adverse effects. A number of studies show beneficial effects in the treatment of BPSD with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of donepezil (using the generic drug Memorit) as monotherapy for AD patients suffering from BPSD. Twenty-eight consecutive patients followed at the Memory Outpatient Clinic and Psychogeriatric Department of the Abarbanel Mental Health Center were treated with donepezil for 6 months. Starting dose was 5 mg daily during the first 4 weeks and continuation with 10 mg daily thereafter. Treatment effects were evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory (NPI), and the Clinical Global Impression of Change Scale (CGIC) caregiver version. Twenty-four of 28 patients completed the study. Of these, five patients needed additional rescue neuroleptic treatment due to incomplete response. The mean dose of donepezil was 9.10 mg/day (median 10 mg/day). The overall NPI improved significantly from 33.4 to 21.2 (p = 0.008). The mean CGIC at study's end was 3.0 (mild improvement). The cognitive scores did not change significantly. When compared to the patients who completed the study, patients who discontinued had higher mean scores on the irritability and agitation subscales of the NPI, they were older, and they had longer disease duration and lower MMSE mean scores. Three adverse events were recorded: one syncope causing a toe phalanx fracture and gastrointestinal complaints that resolved over time in two additional patients. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors should be considered for the treatment of BPSD before neuroleptic treatment is instituted in AD patients with low levels of irritability and agitation.
Clip based video summarization and ranking (2008)

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for video clip summarization and ranking, which is mainly based on a clip based video similarity measure and the affinity propagation clustering (AP) algorithm. We propose a proportional max-weighted bipartite matching algorithm for clip similarity measure. This method first generates a basic frame set and a corresponding proportion value set from each clip. Then it models two clips as a weighted bipartite graph, where the weight values are determined by both the direct frame similarities and the proportion values. Then the max-weighted bipartite matching is employed to measure the similarity between two clips. This method achieves good retrieval performance when the length of two clips varies greatly. With these clip similarities, clips are clustered using affinity propagation. The clips in one cluster generally describe the same video event. Video ranking is based on the cluster size and the average information entropy of each event. Experimental results are given to illustrate the proposed algorithm.
<title>Supported sol-gel thin-film glasses embodying laser dyes II: three-layered waveguide assemblies</title> (1991)

Three-layered thin-film assemblies of polymethysiloxane (PMSO) glass were prepared by fast reaction of methyltrimethoxysilane with water, using stoichiometric water-to-siloxane ratios, at elevated temperatures. Following hydrolysis, partial polymerization and distilling-out of the produced methanol, the viscous polymer of each layer was spin-cast onto the support. The layered assemblies comprised a bottom and top layers made of pure PMSO, and a middle layer embodying the laser-dye. A specific tuning of the synthetic route was maintained to ensure proper adherence between the layers, since PMSO surface rearranges itself to become hydrophilic or hydrophobic, depending on the environment it is facing. An additional tuning facilitated molecular dispersion of dye in the glass, even at high concentrations (>10-2 M). The absorbance and fluorescence spectra of the thus-embodied dyes showed typical features, while their absorbance - fluorescence gap was substantially narrowed. The indices of refraction in the three-layered assemblies were lower in the base and top layers, and a little higher in the dye-loaded middle layer. Fluorescence line-narrowing of the emission from the glass-edge could be observed upon excitation of the dye surface with an excimer laser at 308 nm. This lasing of the sol-gel glass- film was characterized by line width narrowing by 25-40% and an angular width of ca. 6 deg. The quickness and simplicity of preparing multilayered assemblies of varying indices of refraction by this method and its capability to maintain high concentrations of discrete dye molecules (>10-2 M) in the middle glass-layer offer a promising route for two-dimensional laser systems and for non-linear optics applications in general.
Endocrinology: Melatonin potentiates testosterone-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion in normal men (1993)

A total of 12 healthy adult men were recruited to investigate the effect of exogenous melatonin on the sensitivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis to sex steroid negative feedback. The experiment consisted of a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial during which all subjects received 100 mg oral melatonin or placebo at 1600 h for 14 days. Midway through each of the two treatments (day 8), 100 mg testosterone propionate i.m. (TP) was given at 0900 h. Blood samples for the measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, testosterone and melatonin were taken at 0900 h on days 1, 3, 5, and daily from days 8-14. An additional blood sample was taken 8 h after the administration of testosterone. The interval between the melatonin and placebo treatment periods was 2 months. The oral administration of melatonin caused a pharmacological increase in the blood plasma concentration of melatonin which was maximum at 2 h and still above normal at 24 h. The daily treatment thus resulted in persistently high circulating levels of melatonin for 14 days. This treatment had no significant effect on the secretion of LH, FSH, prolactin or testosterone based on the first week of each study (melatonin compared with placebo). The injection of TP caused a rapid 3 to 4-fold increase in the plasma concentrations of testosterone which was at a maximum at 8 h and had returned to baseline within 4 days, with a similar pattern in both the melatonin and placebo periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design (1976)

Diodes, Diode Models, and Applications. Bipolar and Field-Effect Transistors. Transistor dc Models. Designing for a Stable Operating Point. Small-Signal Circuit Models. Single-Stage Amplifiers at Mid-Frequencies. Single-Stage Amplifiers at Low and High Frequencies. Multistage Amplifiers. The Operational Amplifier. Applications of Operational Amplifiers. Appendices. Index.
Conserved cysteine residue in the DNA-binding domain of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 protein confers redox regulation of the DNA-binding activity in vitro. (1992)

The bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 open reading frame encodes three proteins involved in viral DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. These polypeptides share a carboxyl-terminal domain with a specific DNA-binding activity; through this domain the E2 polypeptides form dimers. In this study, we demonstrate the inhibition of E2 DNA binding in vitro by reagents that oxidize or otherwise chemically modify the free sulfhydryl groups of reactive cysteine residues. However, these reagents had no effect on DNA-binding activity when the E2 polypeptide was first bound to DNA, suggesting that the free sulfhydryl group(s) may be protected by DNA binding. Sensitivity to sulfhydryl modification was mapped to a cysteine residue at position 340 in the E2 DNA-binding domain, an amino acid that is highly conserved among the E2 proteins of different papillomaviruses. Replacement of this residue with other amino acids abrogated the sensitivity to oxidation-reduction changes but did not affect the DNA-binding property of the E2 protein. These results suggest that papillomavirus DNA replication and transcriptional regulation could be modulated through the E2 proteins by changes in the intracellular redox environment. Furthermore, a motif consisting of a reactive cysteine residue carboxyl-terminal to a lysine residue in a basic region of the DNA-binding domain is a feature common to a number of transcriptional regulatory proteins that, like E2, are subject to redox regulation. Thus, posttranslational regulation of the activity of these proteins by the intracellular redox environment may be a general phenomenon.
Few Electron Double Quantum Dots in InAs/InP Nanowire Heterostructures (2006)

We report on fabrication of double quantum dots in catalytically grown InAs/InP nanowire heterostructures. In the few-electron regime, starting with both dots empty, our low-temperature transport measurements reveal a clear shell structure for sequential charging of the larger of the two dots with up to 12 electrons. The resonant current through the double dot is found to depend on the orbital coupling between states of different radial symmetry. The charging energies are well described by a capacitance model if next-neighbor capacitances are taken into account.
Gas turbine engine fault detection using Markov simulation technique (1998)

In this paper, an application of a Markov model based fault detection method for condition monitoring of a gas turbine engine is considered. The engine Markov model is built using real data obtained from an engine test-bed. The obtained model is applied for real-time gas turbine engine simulation. The comparison of the Markov model performance with other nonlinear engine models is presented.
Knee and Hip Angle and Moment Adaptations During Cutting Tasks in Subjects With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency Classified as Noncopers (2005)

This study suggests that individuals who do not cope well after ACL injury rely on a hip control strategy during cutting tasks.