gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and characterization of a 5HT<sub>1D</sub> serotonin receptor‐gtp binding protein interaction in porcine and bovine brain (1989)

Radioligand binding studies were performed to characterize serotonin 5HT1D binding sites in porcine and bovine brain. 3H-5HT binding, in the presence of 1 microM (+/-)pindolol (to block 5HT1A and 5HT1B receptors) and 100 nM mesulergine (to block 5HT1C receptors), was specific, saturable, and of high affinity. In porcine and bovine cortex and striatum the majority of 5HT1 sites (80%-90%) were of the 5HT1D subtype. In competition experiments 8-OH-DPAT, TFMPP, mesulergine, DOB, and ICS 205-930 had low affinity for 3H-5HT-labeled 5HT1D sites, indicating that the pharmacology of the 5HT1D site is distinct from previously identified 5HT1A, 5HT1B, 5HT1C, 5HT2, and 5HT3 sites. Guanyl nucleotides, GTPgammaS, and Gpp(NH)p, and divalent cations potently modulated the binding of 3H-5HT to 5HT1D sites in porcine and bovine striatum. Mg++ ions increased the number and affinity of 3H-5HT-labeled 5HT1D sites, while guanyl nucleotides decreased the number of 3H-5HT-labeled 5HT1D sites. These results demonstrate the presence of the 5HT1D receptors in porcine striatum and bovine cortex and provide direct demonstration that the radioligand binding assay for the 5HT1D receptor can monitor the interaction of this receptor with a GTP-binding protein.
Annotated checklist of the butterflies of the Tikal National Park Area of Guatemala. (1996)

An inventory of the butterflies of Tikal National Park and vicinity, in the Department of Peten in northern Guatemala, is being conducted as part of a long-term study of butterfly populations, their habitat requirements, and their responses to land use changes. Here, we present a list of 535 species recorded from the Tikal area from February 1992 through November 1994 with annotations on their phenologies, habitat associations, and relative abundances. This is the first checklist of butterflies for any region of Guatemala, and includes 92 species not previously recorded from the country. Species richness for the Tikal site is greatest during the dry season and lowest at the end of the wet season. The largest number of species was recorded from forest edge habitat and the smallest was in forested habitats. Many species (especially nymphalids) were encountered in both primary forests and secondary, often highly disturbed, forests. Se realize un inventario de las mariposas diurnas del Parque Nacional Tikal y areas aledanas en el Departamento de Peten en el norte de Guatemala, como inicio de un estudio a largo plazo de las poblaciones de mariposas y su respuesta a los cambios del uso de la tierra. Se presenta una lista de 535 especies registradas en el area de Tikal desde febrero de 1992 hasta noviembre de 1994, con observaciones sobre su fenologfa, asociaciones con habitats, y su abundancia relativa. Esta es la primera lista de mariposas diurnas de una region de Guatemala. La lista incluye 92 especies registradas por la primera vez en Guatemala. La riqueza de especies es mayor en la epoca seca y menor al final de la epoca lluviosa. El mayor numero de especies se registro en los habitats de borde, y el menor numero en el interior del bosque. Muchas especies (particularmente Nymphalidae) comparten tanto el bosque primario como el secundario y tambien el bosque alterado.
Sensitive Detection of Immunoglobulin Light and Heavy Chains on Rabbit Lymphocytes by Antibody-Coated Erythrocytes (1975)

Abstract Rabbit bone marrow-derived (B)2 lymphocytes have immunoglobulin (Ig) on their surface (1–12). Oddly, various workers have reported for the last decade that in lymphocyte populations, the cells bearing the genetic markers of the κ-light chain (b locus allotypes) outnumbered 2 to 4 times the cells bearing the a locus allotypes of the heavy chain (1–5, 10). By using a more sensitive immunocytoadhesion method, we found in rabbit blood that the cells bearing heavy chains numerically equaled the cells bearing light chains. We also directly demonstrated that most B lymphocytes bore the light chains together with the heavy chains. We have recently (13–15) shown that erythrocytes artificially coated with an antibody (Ab-E) agglutinated and lysed, when reacted with the complementary soluble antigen. When the antigen was cell bound, Ab-E adhered to the cell membrane (rosetting of antigen-bearing cells with Ab-E). Thus, rabbit lymphocytes rosetted with Ab-E specific for the b allotypes. In this work, rabbit blood lymphocytes were tested for rosette formation with a panel of Ab-E specific for the allotypes of the a and b locus.
Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on sheep farms in New Zealand (2006)

Anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematodes of sheep is common in New Zealand. Not only was resistance to albendazole and levamisole common, but resistance to the ML, ivermectin, was at a higher prevalence than expected. Sheep farmers and advisors in New Zealand need to re-evaluate the way they manage parasites, and more research is urgently needed if the steady decline in anthelmintic susceptibility is to be halted.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Study of N20 Using Semiempirical Molecular Orbital Methods. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the postoperative hip (2012)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is ideally suited to imaging the patient with painful hip arthroplasty due to its superior soft tissue contrast, multiplanar capabilities, and lack of ionizing radiation. MRI is the most accurate imaging modality in the assessment of periprosthetic osteolysis and wear-induced synovitis, and can also assess regional tendons and neurovascular structures. This article discusses the technical aspects of MRI around metallic implants as well as the appearance of potential complications following hip arthroplasty, including osteolysis, wear-induced synovitis, infection, hemarthrosis, fracture, loosening, component displacement, heterotopic ossification, tendinopathy, and neurovascular impingement. The specific complication of metal hypersensitivity following metal-on-metal prostheses is reviewed.
Characterization of the katG and inhA genes of isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1995)

Resistance to isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been associated with mutations in genes encoding the mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase (katG) and the InhA protein (inhA). Among the 26 isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates evaluated in this study, mutations in putative inhA regulatory sequences were identified in 2 catalase-positive isolates, katG gene alterations were detected in 20 strains, and 4 isolates had wild-type katG and inhA genes. Mutations in the katG gene were detected in all 11 catalase-negative isolates: one frameshift insertion, two partial gene deletions, and nine different missense mutations were identified. An arginine-to-leucine substitution at position 463 was detected in nine catalase-positive isolates. However, site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that the presence of a leucine at codon 463 did not alter the activity of the M. tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase and did not affect the capacity of this enzyme to restore isoniazid susceptibility to isoniazid-resistant, KatG-defective Mycobacterium smegmatis BH1 cells. These studies further support the association between katG and inhA gene mutations and isoniazid resistance in M. tuberculosis, while also suggesting that other undefined mechanisms of isoniazid resistance exist.
Efficient In Vivo Priming of Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Responses by Neonatal Dendritic Cells (2002)

In early life, a high susceptibility to infectious diseases as well as a poor capacity to respond to vaccines are generally observed as compared with observations in adults. The mechanisms underlying immune immaturity have not been fully elucidated and could be due to the immaturity of the T/B cell responses and/or to a defect in the nature and quality of Ag presentation by the APC. This prompted us to phenotypically and functionally characterize early life murine dendritic cells (DC) purified from spleens of 7-day-old mice. We showed that neonatal CD11c(+) DC express levels of costimulatory molecules and MHC molecules similar to those of adult DC and are able to fully maturate after LPS activation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that neonatal DC can efficiently take up, process, and present Ag to T cells in vitro and induce specific CTL responses in vivo. Although a reduced number of these cells was observed in the spleen of neonatal mice as compared with adults, this study clearly shows that neonatal DC have full functional capacity and may well prime Ag-specific naive T cells in vivo.
Histology of Damaged Acetabular Cartilage in Symptomatic Femoroacetabular Impingement: An Observational Analysis (2011)

This prospective study on symptomatic adult patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) who underwent open surgical intervention for management was designed to identify any obvious histological differences in the damaged acetabular cartilage within different subgroups of FAI. 20 patients underwent surgical intervention following safe surgical dislocation of the hip. There were 6 cases of cam impingement, 5 cases of pincer impingement and 9 of the mixed type. Pincer impingement cases demonstrated a characteristic focal, well-circumscribed and localized area of severe damage. On the other hand, cases with cam impingement showed a diffuse area of involvement affecting a larger surface of the acetabular cartilage, with degenerative changes, superficial erosions and some discontinuities. A small biopsy specimen of the acetabular rim including bone, cartilage and labrum from the affected zone was obtained in all cases. Histological evaluation was performed under normal and polarized light microscopy. Histological findings helped corroborate the pre-operative diagnosis and also define the unique nature of impingement and specific damage according to the type of impingement.
Absolute configuration of 2-alkylaminomethylbenzodioxans, competitive α-adrenergic antagonists (1976)

The optical isomers of several NN-dialkylaminomethylbenzodioxans, prosympal, piperoxan, and dibozane, important competitive α-adrenergic receptor antagonists, were prepared by synthetic methods establishing the absolute configuration of each.
The Episodic Time Interpretation of Reality (2005)

A notably enhanced comprehension of the underlying meaning of quantum observations is achieved via a novel premise. Assessments, from first principles, are made of unexamined presumptions that lie at the heart of both conventional conceptions of the nature of physical existence and most interpretations of Quantum Mechanics. An alternative hypothesis, termed Episodic Time Inhabitation, is proposed to resolve major Quantum quandaries, including the EPR paradox. A logical argument gedanken experiment demonstrates that the conventional presumptions appear to create causal loops, and that Episodic Time Inhabitation avoids them. A physically realizable version of the gedanken experiment is outlined, and currently testable predictions for its outcome are made. Consequences of the experiment are summarized and ramifications of the hypothesis are discussed.
The Mechanism of Calcium Deposition in Soft Tissues (2005)

The current understanding of the mechanisms of calcium deposition in soft tissues in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients has been deeply investigated in the last ten years. Because of higher morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients compared to general population, several studies showed that extraskeletal calcification may play a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events in CKD patients. Traditionally, the pathogenesis of vascular and soft tissue calcification has been associated with a passive calcium-phosphate deposition. Actually, it is well known that extraskeletal calcification is also related to an active process. In this review, we analyzed some of the factors potentially involved in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification in CKD patients.
A neural computational scheme for extracting optical flow from the Gabor phase differences of successive images (2003)

The authors propose a neurobiologically plausible representation of the Gabor phase information, and present a neural computation scheme for extracting visual motion information from the Gabor phase information. The scheme can compute visual motion accurately from a scene with illumination changes, while other neural schemes for optical flow must assume stable brightness. The computational tests on synthetic and natural image data showed that the scheme was robust to the natural scenes. An architecture is presented of a neural network system based on the Gabor phase representation of visual motion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ISG15: a ubiquitin-like enigma (2005)

ISG15 is a 17 kDa protein encoded by an interferon stimulated gene. Described in 1979, it was the first ubiquitin-like modifier to be identified, and its discovery followed the first reports of ubiquitin by only four years. While many important functions for ubiquitin have been reported, the functions for ISG15 and its conjugation are still largely unknown. Evidence suggests that ISG15 and its modification system play important roles in the innate immune response, regulation of interferon signaling, pregnancy, and several cancers. Modification of proteins by ISG15 occurs in a manner similar to that of ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like modifiers. The enzymes which help perform the activation and conjugation of ISG15 have recently been identified. The conjugation enzyme identified for ISG15 was revealed to be an enzyme that was also involved in ubiquitin conjugation. Identification of an ISG15 specific protease has also been reported. Knockout of this protease in mice decreases the lifespan of these mice and makes them hypersensitive to treatment with interferon or lipopolysaccharide. The study of ISG15 and its modification system may yield a set of potentially useful therapeutic targets and thus, there is an increasing awareness and interest in this protein modifier. This review will highlight the history of its discovery, describe more recent observations about the enzymes involved in ISG15 modification, and summarize new findings which have important implications for the ISG15 system in signal transduction and immunology. This review will also point out important questions that remain to be answered and identify the major roadblocks which currently obstruct the understanding of ISG15 biologic functions.
Enzyme Replacement and Other Biochemical Approaches to the Therapy of Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (1979)

Addition of adenosine deaminase (ADA) restored in vitro responses of lymphocytes from a patient with ADA deficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Enzyme replacement therapy, using red blood cells as a source of encapsulated human ADA, restored both T and B cell function in this patient. Ten other ADA--SCID patients have been treated with this form of enzyme replacement and five have responded to therapy. Lymphocytes from ADA--SCID patients treated with enzyme replacement become immunocompetent but remain enzyme deficient. Studies of these cells provide evidence supporting both cyclic AMP- and dATP-mediated immunosuppressive mechanisms in ADA--SCID. These observations suggest that inhibition of cyclic AMP synthesis and/or deoxycytidine (and possibly thymidine) supplementation may be useful new biochemical approaches to the therapy of ADA--SCID.
Investigation of the function of mutated cellulose‐binding domains of <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> cellobiohydrolase I (1992)

The function of the cellulose-binding domain (CBD) of the cellobiohydrolase I of Trichoderma reesei was studied by site-directed mutagenesis of two amino acid residues identified by analyzing the 3D structure of this domain. The mutant enzymes were produced in yeast and tested for binding and activity on crystalline cellulose. Mutagenesis of the tyrosine residue (Y492) located at the tip of the wedge-shaped domain to alanine or aspartate reduced the binding and activity on crystalline cellulose to the level of the core protein lacking the CBD. However, there was no effect on the activity toward small oligosaccharide (4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-lactoside). The mutation tyrosine to histidine (Y492H) lowered but did not destroy the cellulose binding, suggesting that the interaction of the pyranose ring of the substrate with an aromatic side chain is important. However, the catalytic activity of this mutant on crystalline cellulose was identical to the other two mutants. The mutation P477R on the edge of the other face of the domain reduces both binding and activity of CBHI. These results support the hypothesis that both surfaces of the CBD are involved in the interaction of the binding domain with crystalline cellulose.
Loop-Gap Resonator: A Lumped Mode Microwave Resonant Structure (1983)

Loop-gap resonators are newly developed microwave resonant structures with a field configuration that is intermediate between lumped and distributed. Typical characteristic dimensions are of the order of 1/10 of the resonant wavelength, and typical Q's are of the order of 1600-2000 in the frequency range of 1-4 GHz. Data are presented for Q's and frequencies for a series of resonators of various dimensions and compared with theory. Various coupling and frequency tuning techniques are discussed, and results of experiments are reported. Results of preliminary application of the stictire in microwave filters and oscillators are presented. Loop-gap resonators provide a useful design alternative, it is concluded, to dielectric and surface acoustic-wave resonators at low microwave frequencies.
Partial Mitochondrial Inhibition Causes Striatal Dopamine Release Suppression and Medium Spiny Neuron Depolarization via H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Elevation, Not ATP Depletion (2005)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a potential causal factor in Parkinson's disease. We show here that acute exposure to the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone (30-100 nM; 30 min) causes concentration-dependent suppression of single-pulse evoked dopamine (DA) release monitored in real time with carbon-fiber microelectrodes in guinea pig striatal slices, with no effect on DA content. Suppression of DA release was prevented by the sulfonylurea glibenclamide, implicating ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels; however, tissue ATP was unaltered. Because KATP channels can be activated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as by low ATP, we examined the involvement of rotenone-enhanced H2O2 generation. Confirming an essential role for H2O2, the inhibition of DA release by rotenone was prevented by catalase, a peroxide-scavenging enzyme. Striatal H2O2 generation during rotenone exposure was examined in individual medium spiny neurons using fluorescence imaging with dichlorofluorescein (DCF). An increase in intracellular H2O2 levels followed a similar time course to that of DA release suppression and was accompanied by cell membrane depolarization, decreased input resistance, and increased excitability. Extracellular catalase markedly attenuated the increase in DCF fluorescence and prevented rotenone-induced effects on membrane properties; membrane changes were also largely prevented by flufenamic acid, a blocker of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Thus, partial mitochondrial inhibition can cause functional DA denervation via H2O2 and KATP channels, without DA or ATP depletion. Furthermore, amplified H2O2 levels and TRP channel activation in striatal spiny neurons indicate potential sources of damage in these cells. Overall, these novel factors could contribute to parkinsonian motor deficits and neuronal degeneration caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Adaptive steganalysis against WOW embedding algorithm (2014)

WOW (Wavelet Obtained Weights) [5] is one of the advanced steganographic methods in spatial domain, which can adaptively embed secret message into cover image according to textural complexity. Usually, the more complex of an image region, the more pixel values within it would be modified. In such a way, it can achieve good visual quality of the resulting stegos and high security against typical steganalytic detectors. Based on our analysis, however, we point out one of the limitations in the WOW embedding algorithm, namely, it is easy to narrow down those possible modified regions for a given stego image based on the embedding costs used in WOW. If we just extract features from such regions and perform analysis on them, it is expected that the detection performance would be improved compared with that of extracting steganalytic features from the whole image. In this paper, we first proposed an adaptive steganalytic scheme for the WOW method, and use the spatial rich model (SRM) based features [4] to model those possible modified regions in our experiments. The experimental results evaluated on 10,000 images have shown the effectiveness of our scheme. It is also noted that our steganalytic strategy can be combined with other steganalytic features to detect the WOW and/or other adaptive steganographic methods both in the spatial and JPEG domains.
Expression of a bacterial serine acetyltransferase in transgenic potato plants leads to increased levels of cysteine and glutathione (2000)

The coding sequence of the wild-type, cys-sensitive, cysE gene from Escherichia coli, which encodes an enzyme of the cysteine biosynthetic pathway, namely serine acetyltransferase (SAT, EC 2.3.1. 30), was introduced into the genome of potato plants under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. In order to target the protein into the chloroplast, cysE was translationally fused to the 5'-signal sequence of rbcS from Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic plants showed a high accumulation of the cysE mRNA. The chloroplastic localisation of the E. coli SAT protein was demonstrated by determination of enzymatic activities in enriched organelle fractions. Crude leaf extracts of these plants exhibited up to 20-fold higher SAT activity than those prepared from wild-type plants. The transgenic potato plants expressing the E. coli gene showed not only increased levels of enzyme activity but also exhibited elevated levels of cysteine and glutathione in leaves. Both were up to twofold higher than in control plants. However, the thiol content in tubers of transgenic lines was unaffected. The alterations observed in leaf tissue had no effect on the expression of O-acetylserine(thiol)-lyase, the enzyme which converts O-acetylserine, the product of SAT, to cysteine. Only a minor effect on its enzymatic activity was observed. In conclusion, the results presented here demonstrate the importance of SAT in plant cysteine biosynthesis and show that production of cysteine and related sulfur-containing compounds can be enhanced by metabolic engineering.