gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Bcl-2 Family Proteins During Development and in Response to Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Myocytes (1999)

Cardiac myocyte apoptosis is potentially important in many cardiac disorders. In other cells, Bcl-2 family proteins and mitochondrial dysfunction are probably key regulators of the apoptotic response. In the present study, we characterized the regulation of antiapoptotic (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) and proapoptotic (Bad, Bax) Bcl-2 family proteins in the rat heart during development and in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were expressed at high levels in the neonate, and their expression was sustained during development. In contrast, although Bad and Bax were present at high levels in neonatal hearts, they were barely detectable in adult hearts. We confirmed that H(2)O(2) induced cardiac myocyte cell death, stimulating poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolysis (from 2 hours), caspase-3 proteolysis (from 2 hours), and DNA fragmentation (from 8 hours). In unstimulated neonatal cardiac myocytes, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were associated with the mitochondria, but Bad and Bax were predominantly present in a crude cytosolic fraction. Exposure of myocytes to H(2)O(2) stimulated rapid translocation of Bad (<5 minutes) to the mitochondria. This was followed by the subsequent degradation of Bad and Bcl-2 (from approximately 30 minutes). The levels of the mitochondrial membrane marker cytochrome oxidase remained unchanged. H(2)O(2) also induced translocation of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol within 15 to 30 minutes, which was indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Myocytes exposed to H(2)O(2) showed an early loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis) from 15 to 30 minutes, which was partially restored by approximately 1 hour. However, a subsequent irreversible loss of mitochondrial membrane potential occurred that correlated with cell death. These data suggest that the regulation of Bcl-2 and mitochondrial function are important factors in oxidative stress-induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis.
Jakstab: A Static Analysis Platform for Binaries Tool Paper (2008)

For processing compiled code, model checkers require accurate model extraction from binaries. We present our fully configurable binary analysis platform JAKSTAB, which resolves indirect branches by multiple rounds of disassembly in- terleaved with dataflow analysis. We demonstrate that this iterative disassembling strategy achieves better results than the state-of-the-art tool IDA Pro.
Management of primary knee osteoarthritis and indications for total knee arthroplasty for general practitioners. (2012)

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, one of the most common causes of disability, continues to increase in prevalence as the older adult and obese populations grow. Often, the general practitioner is the first to evaluate a patient with a painful knee that has arthritis. Evidence-based evaluation and treatment guidelines recommend the use of nonoperative treatments before surgical treatment options such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are considered. Understanding available nonoperative treatment options is critical for physicians who first encounter patients with OA of the knee. The authors provide an overview of nonoperative treatment options for patients with OA, including weight loss, aerobic exercise, osteopathic manipulative treatment, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroid injections. The authors also discuss operative treatment options to be considered before TKA and review indications for TKA when other treatment options have been exhausted.
A review of nabilone in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (2008)

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients places a significant burden on patients' function and quality of life, their families and caregivers, and healthcare providers. Despite the advances in preventing CINV, a substantial proportion of patients experience persistent nausea and vomiting. Nabilone, a cannabinoid, recently received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of the nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy who fail to achieve adequate relief from conventional treatments. The cannabinoids exert antiemetic effects via agonism of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of nabilone in cancer chemotherapy patients. Use of the agent is optimized with judicious dosing and selection of patients.
Development of a Cell-Based Assay Measuring the Activation of FcγRIIa for the Characterization of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies (2014)

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is one of the important mechanisms of action of the targeting of tumor cells by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Among the human Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), FcγRIIIa is well known as the only receptor expressed in natural killer (NK) cells, and it plays a pivotal role in ADCC by IgG1-subclass mAbs. In addition, the contributions of FcγRIIa to mAb-mediated cytotoxicity have been reported. FcγRIIa is expressed in myeloid effector cells including neutrophils and macrophages, and it is involved in the activation of these effector cells. However, the measurement of the cytotoxicity via FcγRIIa-expressing effector cells is complicated and inconvenient for the characterization of therapeutic mAbs. Here we report the development of a cell-based assay using a human FcγRIIa-expressing reporter cell line. The FcγRIIa reporter cell assay was able to estimate the activation of FcγRIIa by antigen-bound mAbs by a very simple method in vitro. The usefulness of this assay for evaluating the activity of mAbs with different abilities to activate FcγRIIa was confirmed by the examples including the comparison of the activity of the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab and its Fc-engineered variants, and two anti-EGFR mAbs with different IgG subclasses, cetuximab (IgG1) and panitumumab (IgG2). We also applied this assay to the characterization of a force-oxidized mAb, and we observed that oxidation significantly decreased the FcγRIIa activation by EGFR-bound cetuximab. These results suggest that our FcγRIIa reporter assay is a promising tool for the characterization of therapeutic mAbs, including Fc-engineered mAbs, IgG2-subclass mAbs, and their product-related variants.
GREB1 is a novel androgen‐regulated gene required for prostate cancer growth (2006)

GREB1 is expressed in proliferating prostatic tissue and prostate cancer, is regulated by androgens, and suppression of GREB1 blocks androgen-induced growth suggesting GREB1 may be critically involved in prostate cancer proliferation.
Recommendation Sets and Choice Queries: There Is No Exploration/Exploitation Tradeoff! (2011)

Utility elicitation is an important component of many applications, such as decision support systems and recommender systems. Such systems query users about their preferences and offer recommendations based on the system's belief about the user's utility function. We analyze the connection between the problem of generating optimal recommendation sets and the problem of generating optimal choice queries, considering both Bayesian and regret-based elicitation. Our results show that, somewhat surprisingly, under very general circumstances, the optimal recommendation set coincides with the optimal query.
Beyond Single Readability Measures: Using Multiple Sources of Information in Establishing Text Complexity (2011)

A focus of the Common Core State Standards/English Language Arts (CCSS/ELA) is that students become increasingly more capable with complex text over their school careers. This focus has redirected attention to the measurement of text complexity. While suggesting multiple criteria for this task, the CCSS/ELA offers a single measure of text complexity—Lexiles. Additional quantitative data are available—including the two components of a Lexile rating—that can provide more comprehensive views of text complexity. The two “intra-lexile” measures and two others (referential cohesion and an index of words in a text that are predicted to be “hard.”) are applied to sets of exemplars for grade bands 2–3 and 4–5 within the CCSS/ELA. These analyses suggest that conclusions about text complexity vary considerably when multiple quantitative measures, rather than a single, omnibus index, are used.
CD4-independent infection of human neural cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1989)

A number of studies have indicated that central nervous system-derived cells can be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To determine whether CD4, the receptor for HIV-1 in lymphoid cells, was responsible for infection of neural cells, we characterized infectable human central nervous system tumor lines and primary fetal neural cells and did not detect either CD4 protein or mRNA. We then attempted to block infection with anti-CD4 antibodies known to block infection of lymphoid cells; we noted no effect on any of these cultured cells. The results indicate that CD4 is not the receptor for HIV-1 infection of the glioblastoma line U373-MG, medulloblastoma line MED 217, or primary human fetal neural cells.
Aminophylline versus caffeine citrate for apnea and bradycardia prophylaxis in premature neonates (1995)

We investigated the efficacy and adverse effects of aminophylline and caffeine citrate in 180 premature neonates for 10 days and nights. Aminophylline (n = 98) and caffeine citrate (n = 82) were equally effective in preventing apnea and bradycardia. The caffeine citrate group had a lower median heart rate on day 3, fewer neonates with tachycardia and a smaller amount of gastric aspirate on day 7. The need for mononasal continuous positive airway pressure and respirator therapy was similar in both groups. We conclude that caffeine citrate is the drug of choice for apnea and bradycardia prophylaxis in premature neonates with a gestational age < or = 33 full weeks.
Epitaxial Fe16N2 films grown by sputtering (1994)

We have been able to obtain α″-Fe16N2 films using an underlayer template to induce the epitaxial growth of this metastable phase. They are epitaxial in the (001) direction and show single crystallinity in plane. Furthermore, they are deposited by simple reactive nitrogen sputtering. They have an average magnetic moment of 250 emu/g, considerably larger than the moment (217 emu/g) for pure bcc iron. Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy gives three hyperfine fields corresponding to three different iron sites, as expected for this structure.
Fast inversion of triangular Toeplitz matrices (1984)

An algorithm requiring <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0(n \log n)</tex> operations is proposed for the inversion of triangular Toeplitz matrices. This algorithm is faster than existing techniques, even for relatively small values of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> , and can easily be written in Fortran.
Neural networks in radiology: An introduction and evaluation in a signal detection task (1990)

Neural networks are a computer architecture, implementable in software or hardware, that allow an entirely new approach to the computerized perception of data. These so-called connectionist models are inspired by what is known about the architecture of biological neurons, in which the "intelligence" or processing capability of the network is a result of the interconnection strengths between large arrays of nonlinear processing nodes. Neural networks are described and then are used to analyze the common radiological problem of pattern recognition on a noisy background. Classical signal detection theory is used to compare network performance against that of human observers, using computer-generated sets of very simple "nodules." The neural network performed with better accuracy, relative to human observer performance, in the detection of this elementary test object. Although these results may not scale up with more complex images, the favorable performance of neural networks at this level suggests that further investigation is warranted.
Calcium Pantothenate. Part 2.<sup>1</sup> Optimisation of Oxynitrilase-Catalysed Asymmetric Hydrocyanation of 3-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethylaldehyde:  Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)-Pantolactone (2005)

The synthesis of (R)-pantolactone via oxynitrilase-catalysed asymmetric hydrocyanation of 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylaldehyde has been investigated. (R)-Oxynitrilases from almonds as well as from apple and plum kernels were employed as catalysts in the form of defatted meal. A number of factors influencing the hydrocyanation process have been studied and the conditions optimised using statistical methods. (R)-Pantolactone with 74% yield and 30% ee has been synthesised.
Reverse Hysteresis Loop of Nematic Liquid Crystals in C-V Characteristic due to Static Electric Field (1987)

A reverse hysteresis loop of nematic liquid crystals is experimentally observed in C-V characteristic driven by a DC electric field. A width of the hysteresis depends on the materials: both liquid crystal and surface aligning layer. This phenomenon can be qualitatively explained by a surface electric double layer consisting of impurity ions.
Ray tracing: parallelization via image decomposition and performance impact (2002)

Ray tracing is a simple but effective technique for high quality graphics with sophisticated light models. The large number of ray-object intersection tests make ray tracing computationally intensive. Several techniques such as bounding volumes, spatial subdivision, and scene decomposition have been developed to make ray tracing more practical. Our research concentrate on image decomposition, where the pixels making up the image are decomposed to the various nodes. Each node is then responsible for a small part of the image, reducing the communication requirements. This decomposition of work is similar to the decomposition in the parallelization of other applications such as matrix multiply. But unlike these other applications, the amount of work is unknown before hand. We study the effects of network configuration, pipelining, external vs. internal bus contention, number of processors, and number of grains (sub-image region). We show that the number of grains is the most important variable in decomposition of the image, and that near linear speed-up can be achieved.
The Study of the Maintenance Cycle Model of the Key Parts in Wagon Bogie (2009)

This article introduces the reliability model and economic model to determine the maintenance cycle of the key parts in wagon bogie,and focuses on the most effective model which is most convenient.Finally it calculates the best maintenance cycle in theory combining with an example.
Perceptual image distortion (2002)

In this paper, we present a perceptual distortion measure that predicts image integrity far better than mean-squared error. This perceptual distortion measure is based an a model of human visual processing that fits empirical measurements of the psychophysics of spatial pattern detection. The model of human visual processing proposed involves two major components: a steerable pyramid transform and contrast normalization. We also illustrate the usefulness of the model in predicting perceptual distortion in real images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Abnormal brain chemistry in chronic back pain: an in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study (2000)

The neurobiology of chronic pain, including chronic back pain, is unknown. Structural imaging studies of the spine cannot explain all cases of chronic back pain. Functional brain imaging studies indicate that the brain activation patterns are different between chronic pain patients and normal subjects, and the thalamus, and prefrontal and cingulate cortices are involved in some types of chronic pain. Animal models of chronic pain suggest abnormal spinal cord chemistry. Does chronic pain cause brain chemistry changes? We examined brain chemistry changes in patients with chronic back pain using in vivo single- voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). In vivo (1)H-MRS was used to measure relative concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate, creatine, choline, glutamate, glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, inositol, glucose and lactate in relation to the concentration of creatine. These measurements were performed in six brain regions of nine chronic low back pain patients and 11 normal volunteers. All chronic back pain subjects underwent clinical evaluation and perceptual measures of pain and anxiety. We show that chronic back pain alters the human brain chemistry. Reductions of N-acetyl aspartate and glucose were demonstrated in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Cingulate, sensorimotor, and other brain regions showed no chemical concentration differences. In chronic back pain, the interrelationship between chemicals within and across brain regions was abnormal, and there was a specific relationship between regional chemicals and perceptual measures of pain and anxiety. These findings provide direct evidence of abnormal brain chemistry in chronic back pain, which may be useful in diagnosis and future development of more effective pharmacological treatments.
Hardware Acceleration of Matrix Multiplication on a Xilinx FPGA (2007)

The first MEMOCODE hardware/software co-design contest posed the following problem: optimize matrix-matrix multiplication in such a way that it is split between the FPGA and PowerPC on a Xilinx Virtex IIPro30. In this paper we discuss our solution, which we implemented on a Xilinx XUP development board with 256 MB of DRAM. The design was done by the five authors over a span of approximately 3 weeks, though of the 15 possible man-weeks, about 9 were actually spent working on this problem. All hardware design was done using Blue-spec SystemVerilog (BSV), with the exception of an imported Verilog multiplication unit, necessary only due to the limitations of the Xilinx FPGA toolflow optimizations.
Bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin: An overview (2013)

Recently, the use of herbal medicines has been increased all over the world due to their therapeutic effects and fewer adverse effects as compared to the modern medicines. However, many herbal drugs and herbal extracts despite of their impressive in-vitro findings demonstrates less or negligible in-vivo activity due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size, resulting in poor absorption and hence poor bioavailability. Nowadays with the advancement in the technology, novel drug delivery systems open the door towards the development of enhancing bioavailability of herbal drug delivery systems. For last one decade many novel carriers such as liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, transferosomes, ethosomes, lipid based systems etc. have been reported for successful modified delivery of various herbal drugs. Many herbal compounds including quercetin, genistein, naringin, sinomenine, piperine, glycyrrhizin and nitrile glycoside have demonstrated capability to enhance the bioavailability. The objective of this review is to summarize various available novel drug delivery technologies which have been developed for delivery of drugs (herbal), and to achieve better therapeutic response. An attempt has also been made to compile a profile on bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin with the mechanism of action (wherever reported) and studies on improvement in drug bioavailability, exhibited particularly by natural compounds.
Quenching Medium for Heat Treatment and Its New Development (2001)

This paper introduces the classification and the characterization of quenching medium for heat treatment,the character of water,oil etc.used as quenching medium,the new type of quenching medium and its application.It discusses the importance of quenching medium as well as present conditions of quenching medium at home,the orientation and content of further research and development of quenching medium.
Structure and reactivity in intramolecular catalysis. Catalysis of sulfonamide hydrolysis by the neighboring carboxyl group (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and reactivity in intramolecular catalysis. Catalysis of sulfonamide hydrolysis by the neighboring carboxyl groupTeun Graafland, Anno Wagenaar, Anthony J. Kirby, and Jan B. F. N. EngbertsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 23, 6981–6991Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00517a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00517a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Swiss innovation online reputation case study (2014)

From a world economy point of view Switzerland has the reputation to be a very innovative country, but how is it reflected online? In this paper, we study the case of Switzerland online reputation regarding innovation including companies of its Swiss Market Index (SMI). Quantitative analysis is carried out with an advanced e-reputation monitoring tool and the results are compared with other related rankings.
Renal and Electrolyte Disturbances Associated with Cisplatin (1981)

Cisplatin is a coordinate metal complex with significant antineoplastic activity and various adverse effects, including acute and chronic renal insufficiency and renal magnesium wasting. Nephrotoxicity may occur in as many as 50% to 75% of patients receiving the drug, and is apparently due to renal tubular injury. Although controlled, prospective clinical trials are lacking, the available data indicate that the frequency and severity of cisplatin nephrotoxicity may be reduced by slow infusion rates; hydration before, during, and immediately after administration of cisplatin; and concomitant administration of mannitol. Preliminary animal studies indicate that chloride-containing vehicles such as 0.9% sodium chloride may prevent the aquation or hydroxylation of cisplatin and reduce its toxicity. No information is available on the prevention of cisplatin associated renal magnesium wasting. However, frequent measurement of serum cations and appropriate replacement are recommended.
Thin Internal GSM/DCS Patch Antenna for Mobile Phones (2006)

A thin internal patch antenna with an air-layer substrate thickness of 4 mm only for GSM/DCS operation has been proposed. The enhanced bandwidths of the antenna are obtained by adding a widened end portion to the longer resonant path and a tapered end portion to the shorter resonant path, which are expected to result in more smooth surface current distributions in the end portion of the antenna's two resonant paths, thereby leading to bandwidth enhancement. With its thin profile, the antenna is very promising for thin mobile phone applications