gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection Induces Antral‐Predominant, Chronic Active Gastritis in Hispid Cotton Rats (<i>Sigmodon hispidus</i>) (2005)

The H. pylori-infected cotton rat represents a novel animal model that should prove useful for studies of H. pylori-induced chronic active gastritis and factors affecting gastric colonization by this pathogen.
Hierarchical porous N,O Co‐doped carbon/Se composite derived from hydrothermal treated chitosan as Li–Se battery cathode (2018)

Seeking for the porous carbon with suitable structure and morphology has been a key to improve the lithium storage performance of carbon/selenium composite. In this work, the hierarchical porous N,O Co‐doped carbon has been prepared by an initial hydrothermal carbonisation and subsequent activation route using the chitosan as raw material. The carbon obtained at 600°C possessing primary micropores and surface macropores presents high specific surface area (809. 3 m 2 g −1 ) and low porous size, and the selenium with amorphous structure is uniformly encapsulated into the micropores of this carbon to form carbon/selenium composite. As the cathode materials of lithium ion battery, this composite delivers a discharge capacity of 446.9 mAh g −1 at rate of 0.24 C after 100 cycles. At a high rate of 4.8 C, this composite still shows a stable discharge capacity of 342.8 mAh g −1 . These results suggest that this composite may be promising for practical applications for lithium‐selenium battery.
Medullary lavage reduces embolic phenomena and cardiopulmonary changes during cemented hemiarthroplasty (1995)

We randomised 24 patients before they had a cemented hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture to receive either thorough or minimal saline lavage of the femoral canal. We then determined the effect in each group on the thromboembolic and cardiopulmonary responses to the pressurised insertion of cement, using transoesophageal echocardiography to show the echogenic embolic response. We found a statistically significant reduction in both the duration of the response and the number of large emboli in patients who had had thorough lavage as compared with the control group with minimal lavage. There was also less disturbance of pulmonary function, as assessed by the change in end-tidal CO2 levels and oxygen saturation, in patients who had thorough lavage. Three patients had a significant fall in blood pressure during cement insertion; all had only minimal lavage. We consider that thorough lavage should be an essential part of the preparation of the proximal femur before cement insertion.
Electric and Magnetic Field Signal Transduction in the Membrane Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-adenosinetriphosphatase (1995)

The Na+/K+-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase), the ion-pump enzyme located in cell membranes, is a well-defined protein whose properties can be used to study the mechanism of electromagnetic (EM) field interaction with biological systems. Enzyme activity is normally inhibited by electric fields and stimulated by magnetic fields, but both fields cause large increases in enzyme activity when the initial (basal) activity of the enzyme is greatly reduced by aging, by lowering temperature, or by inhibitors. The opposing effects under optimal conditions suggest different charge movements in different parts of the enzyme. Electric fields act as if they increase ion binding at the enzyme surface, whereas magnetic fields appear to affect charges within the protein (e.g., charge transfer due to the ATPase reaction). The similar effects under suboptimal conditions suggest that the two different charge movements are coupled. The coordinated changes in charge density caused by both fields suggest ways in which EM fields affect membrane proteins in general. They also suggest ways in which the Na+/K+-ATPase may function as an ion pump.
The influence of constructional parameters on the practical performance of 1-3 piezocomposite transducers (2002)

The design of 1-3 piezocomposite transducers may be considered in two parts. Materials selection and orientation, and the interaction of the piezoceramic element with the polymer phase constitute the device micro-structure. Constructional, or macro-structure, parameters such as transducer mounting and clamping, ground plane definition and the addition of front face layers further influence the transducer response. In addition, when 1-3 piezocomposite substrate is electroded in such a manner as to define a monolithic 1D or 2D matrix array of transducers, the element size and distribution exerts considerable influence on inter element coupling, and consequently overall device performance. This paper presents an investigation into the design of 1-3 piezocomposites, with regard to their macrostructure parameters.
Evaluating digital cameras (2006)

The quality of digital cameras has undergone a magnificent development during the last 10 years. So have the methods to evaluate the quality of these cameras. At the time the first consumer digital cameras were released in 1996, the first ISO standards on test procedures were already on their way. At that time the quality was mainly evaluated using a visual analysis of images taken of test charts as well as natural scenes. The ISO standards lead the way to a couple of more objective and reproducible methods to measure characteristics such as dynamic ranges, speed, resolution and noise. This paper presents an overview of the camera characteristics, the existing evaluation methods and their development during the last years. It summarizes the basic requirements for reliable test methods, and answers the question of whether it is possible to test cameras without taking pictures of natural scenes under specific lighting conditions. In addition to the evaluation methods, this paper mentions the problems of digital cameras in the past concerning power consumption, shutter lag, etc. It also states existing deficits which need to be solved in the future such as optimized exposure and gamma control, increasing sensitivity without increasing noise, and the further reduction of shutter lag etc.
Transcoding Evaluation in Live Video Adaptation (2006)

The video adaptation has been developed with the objective of enabling the access by devices with limitant characteristics. One way to adapt the video is the transcoding technique, which can be applied in a large range of applications. However, it is known that the transcoding process has a high computational cost, which it is thought to be the main generator of delay. In this paper we present a transcoding evaluation in live video adaptation. As a result, the measures obtained can help researchers and developers to choose the best adaptation mechanism or system architecture for their specific applications
Regulation of antigen-presenting cell function(s) in lung and airway tissues (1993)

A variety of cell populations present in respiratory tract tissues can express the function-associated molecules on their surface which are required for presentation of antigen to T-lymphocyte receptors. However, the potential role of individual cell populations in regulation of local T-lymphocyte-dependent immune reactions in the lung and airways depends on a variety of additional factors, including their precise localisation, migration characteristics, expression of T-cell "co-stimulatory" signals, responsiveness to inflammatory (in particular cytokine) stimuli, host immune status, and the nature of the antigen challenge. Recent evidence (reviewed below) suggests that the induction of primary immunity (viz. "sensitisation") to inhaled antigens is normally controlled by specialised populations of Dendritic Cells, which perform a surveillance role within the epithelia of the upper and lower respiratory tract; in the pre-sensitised host, a variety of other cell populations (both bone-marrow derived and mesenchymal) may participate in re-stimulation of "memory" T-lymphocytes.
FAST SURFACE INTERPOLATION USING MULTIRESOLUTION WAVELET TRANSFORM (1993)

Discrete formulation of the surface interpolation problem usually leads to a large sparse linear equation system. Due to the poor convergence condition of the equation system, the convergence rate of solving this problem with iterative method is very slow. To improve this condition, a multiresolution basis transfer scheme based on the wavelet transform is proposed. By applying the wavelet transform, the original interpolation basis is transformed into two sets of bases with larger supports while the admissible solution space remains unchanged. With this basis transfer, a new set of nodal variables results and an equivalent equation system with better convergence condition can be solved. The basis transfer can be easily implemented by using an QMF matrix pair associated with the chosen interpolation basis. The consequence of the basis transfer scheme can be regarded as a preconditioner to the subsequent iterative computation method. The effect of the transfer is that the interpolated surface is decomposed into its low-frequency and high-frequency portions in the frequency domain. It has been indicated that the convergence rate of the interpolated surface is dominated by the low-frequency portion. With this frequency domain decomposition, the low-frequency portion of the interpolated surface can be emphasized. As compared with other acceleration methods, this basis transfer scheme provides a more systematical approach for fast surface interpolation. The easy implementation and high flexibility of the proposed algorithm also make it applicable to various regularization problems. >
51—Air Flow Through Plugs of Textile Fibres Part III—The Causticaire Test for Cotton (1956)

A study is made of the accuracy of Causticaire estimates of the percentage of Mature fibres (in the American system of classification) derived from Micronaire determinations made on samples of untreated and mercerized cotton. It is shown that the estimates derived according to the method proposed by Webb and Burley are slightly biased by an amount depending upon the fibre coarseness, and a correction is developed to obtain unbiased measures. In a continuation of this study it is shown that air flow through plugs of mercerized cotton depends mainly upon the function H√M (where H is the average fibre weight per centimetre and M is the Maturity Ratio calculated from the percentages of Normal, Thin-walled, and Dead fibres in the usual British maturity test) compared with the flow dependence on MH=M2H, (H, is the standard fibre weight per centimetre) found previously for plugs of untreated cotton fibres. Calibration of the Micronaire scale in terms of H√M for mercerised cotton and MH for untreated cotton enables separate estimates to be derived for M, H, and H,. Part, of the error in such estimates is caused by fairly small random variations involved in the flow determinations and magnification of their effects in the subsequent mathematical expressions. Non-random errors of estimation of the separate fibre characters also occur, possibly caused by small variations in specific fibre volume from sample to sample. The joint effect of both these error contributions is such that the estimates of either Maturity Ratio or of the proportion of Mature fibres are not sufficiently accurate for use in critical comparisons of different samples, whilst the magnified error associated with the estimation of intrinsic fibre fineness makes the method unsuitable for widespread practical use.
Characterization of an endogenous substrate of the insulin receptor in cultured cells. (1987)

Using antiphosphotyrosine antibodies, we have characterized the tyrosine phosphorylation of an endogenous substrate of the insulin receptor in Fao hepatoma cells and in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with a eukaryotic expression vector containing the human insulin receptor cDNA. In Fao cells, besides the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor, a protein with a molecular mass between 170 and 210 kDa designated pp185, undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation immediately after insulin stimulation reaching a maximum level within 30 s. After 4 h of continuous insulin stimulation, the labeling of pp185 decreased to less than half of its original intensity, whereas the insulin receptor was unchanged. After 24 h of insulin stimulation, the phosphotyrosine-containing insulin receptor decreased by 75% owing to down-regulation, whereas the pp185 was completely undetectable. By several biochemical and physiological criteria, the pp185 is distinct from the insulin receptor. The pp185 and the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor were strongly labeled with [32P]orthophosphate, but in contrast to the insulin receptor, the pp185 was not labeled by cross-linking with 125I-insulin or surface 125I iodination. Unlike the insulin receptor, the pp185 was extracted from Fao cells without detergent, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of the pp185 and the insulin receptor yielded distinct patterns. Thus, the pp185 is not located at the external face of the plasma membrane and does not bind insulin. Treatment of Fao cells with the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, stimulated the phosphorylation of two proteins with molecular weights of 170 and 210 kDa which were immunoprecipitated with the anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Subsequent insulin stimulation increased the phosphorylation of the 210 kDa protein, but the pp185 was not detected. Increasing the concentration of the human insulin receptor in the Chinese hamster ovary cells by transfection with a plasmid containing the human insulin receptor cDNA caused a higher level of tyrosine phosphorylation of the beta-subunit and the pp185. These data support the notion that the insulin signal may be transmitted to a cellular substrate (pp185) which may initiate insulin action at intracellular sites.
Expression of scatter factor and c‐ <i>met</i> receptor in benign and malignant breast tissue (1997)

SF and c-met are overexpressed in breast carcinoma as compared with benign breast tissue, and they tend to be coexpressed in cancerous tissue. These findings are consistent with the idea that the SF:c-met ligand:receptor pair may have a role in breast carcinoma progression.
THE WAR AND THE PEACE (1865)

War and Peace is a vast epic centred on Napoleon's war with Russia. While it expresses Tolstoy's view that history is an inexorable process which man cannot influence, he peoples his great novel with a cast of over five hundred characters. Three of these, the artless and delightful Natasha Rostov, the world-weary Prince Andrew Bolkonsky and the idealistic Pierre Bezukhov illustrate Tolstoy's philosophy in this novel of unquestioned mastery. This translation is one which received Tolstoy's approval.
Regulation of Autoimmune Diseases (1987)

The field of autoimmunity, like immunology itself, is undergoing rapid change due to progress in molecular biology and technology. Autoimmunity is traditionally defined as the body’s immune system turning against itself to produce lymphocytes reactive with self-components. These lymphocytes may be B cells secreting autoantibodies like those responsible for hemolytic anemia, T cells attacking and destroying target organs such as the thyroid, or most often, a combination of both.
Nasu-Hakola Disease (PLOSL) (2006)

The combination of bilateral lytic lesions in the bones of the lower and upper extremities and presenile dementia is characteristic of polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy, also known as Nasu-Hakola disease. The clinical course of this rare and fatal disorder is characterized by pathologic fractures of these often painful lesions, rapid progression of dementia, and death in the fifth decade of life. The radiographic changes may be confused with cystic angiomatosis, focal metastasizing hemangioendothelioma, or Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. We report five patients to illustrate the clinical presentation, radiographic images, psychiatric abnormalities, and new genetic findings. Three of the patients were siblings. A biopsy is not needed to confirm the diagnosis of polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy because of the unique combination of radiographic and neurologic features.
Isolation of a site-specifically modified RNA from an unmodified transcript (2006)

Natural RNAs contain many base modifications that have specific biological functions. The ability to functionally dissect individual modifications is facilitated by the identification and cloning of enzymes responsible for these modifications, but is hindered by the difficulty of isolating site-specifically modified RNAs away from unmodified transcripts. Using the m1G37 and m1A58 methyl modifications of tRNA as two examples, we demonstrate that non-pairing base modifications protect RNAs against the DNA-directed RNase H cleavage. This provide a new approach to obtain homogeneous RNAs with site-specific base modifications that are suitable for biochemical and functional studies.
Copper(II) salts of very strong acids (1965)

M. J. Baillie, D. H. Brown, K. C. Moss and D. W. A. Sharp, Chem. Commun. (London), 1965, 91 DOI: 10.1039/C19650000091
Subfornical Organ Efferents to Neural Systems for Control of Body Water (1979)

The subfornical organ, a circumventricular structure of the central nervous system, has efferent neural projections to sites within the brain known to be involved in drinking behavior and secretion of antidiuretic hormone. By using anterograde tracing techniques, it is shown that the subfornical organ projects to the nucleus medians of the medial preoptic area, to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, and to the supraoptic nuclei bilaterally. Its efferent connectivity is confirmed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, another circumventricular organ and a suspected receptor site for angiotensin II, is involved in the circuitry of the subfornical organ and also has an efferent projection to the supraoptic nuclei.
Advanced in nitrogen heterocycles (1995)

Reaction of metal stabilized carbenoids with pyrroles, H.M.L. Davies Synthesis of porphyrins with exocyclic rings from cycloalkenopyrroles, T.D. Lash palladium-catalysed coupling reactions of indoles, A.R. Martin and Q. Zheng cycloaddition reactions of indole derivatives, U. Pindur transition-metal mediated synthesis of carbazole derivatives, H.J. Knolker synthesis of [b]-annelated indoles by thermal electrocyclic reactions, S. Hibino and E. Sugino total synthesis of (-) and ent(-) duocarmycin SA, D.L. Boger.
Effect of spherical aberration on the propagation of a tightly focused femtosecond laser pulse inside fused silica (2005)

We show the effect of a spherical aberration on the propagation of a single tightly focused femtosecond laser pulse inside fused silica. At high power, a long plasma channel across the geometrical focus can be observed under deep focusing. The total channel length decreases with the decrease of the focusing depth at fixed focal length. We found that the spherical aberration induced by the air–sample interface extends the focal region and plays an important role in the formation of the long plasma channel. In certain conditions this spherical aberration can be compensated by a spherical aberration induced by the objective used to focus the laser.
Accelerated functional recovery of isolated rat kidney with ATP-MgCl2 after warm ischemia (1984)

Isolated rat kidneys were subjected to 45, 60, and 90 min of normothermic ischemia. Kidneys reperfused with a saline solution after ischemia had very low initial whole kidney inulin clearances (Cin), urine flow rates (V), renal perfusate flow rates (RPF), and fractional absorption of sodium values that remained depressed throughout the 110 min of reperfusion. Kidneys subjected to 45 min of warm ischemia and reperfused with a solution containing 0.3 mM ATP-MgCl2 had higher initial Cin and attained complete recovery of Cin by 75 min of perfusion. Fractional absorption of sodium and water were also improved, and RPF, V, and tissue ATP levels returned to control values after 110 min of perfusion. Kidneys subjected to 60 min of ischemia and reperfused with a solution containing 0.3 mM ATP-MgCl2 also had higher initial Cin values and attained 50% recovery of Cin after 110 min of perfusion. RPF also improved, and V reached control levels. Kidneys subjected to 90 min ischemia showed no improvement in renal function even with 2 mM ATP-MgCl2. Because, even in isolated kidneys, administration of ATP-MgCl2 after 45 and 60 min of ischemia results in an early recovery of renal function, the beneficial effects of ATP-MgCl2 are exerted directly on the kidney and are not mediated via systemic effects.
Preparation and Characterization of Langmuir and Langmuir−Blodgett Films from a Nitrile-Terminated Tolan (2007)

Langmuir and Langmuir−Blodgett films of a nitrile-terminated tolan, namely 4-[4‘-decyloxyphenylethynyl]benzonitrile, have been fabricated and characterized at various surface pressures, with surface pressure and surface potential isotherms together with Brewster angle microscopy being used to map the different phases of the tolan monolayer at the air−water interface. The Langmuir films have been characterized by UV−vis spectroscopy, with quantitative analysis of the reflection spectra supporting an organizational model in which compression of the film leads to change in the tilt angle of the tolan molecules from an initial value of ca. 35° to one of ca. 60° before collapse of the monolayer. Moreover, a blue shift in the reflection spectrum of the Langmuir film of 30 nm with respect to the spectrum of a chloroform solution of the nitrile tolan indicates that two-dimensional H-aggregates are formed at the air−water interface. These structures represent a minimum free-energy conformation for the system, as they are observed even before the compression process starts. The monolayers are transferred undisturbed onto solid substrates, with atomic force microscopy revealing well-ordered films without three-dimensional defects.
Studies of a cyanine-based biosensor and light-induced antibacterial activities of oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s (2011)

This dissertation has been focusing on two subjects: biosensor development and light-activated antimicrobials. A cyanine-based fluorescent biosensor is developed with high sensitivity to detect the presence and activity of caspase-3/7. We demonstrated that supramolecular self-assembly can be useful for designing biosensors. A series of p-Phenylene Ethynylenes (OPEs) have been synthesized. Further photophysical studies show that these molecules have good singlet oxygen yields. The antimicrobial capability increases dramatically when exposed to UV-365 radiation, though dark biocidal activity can be obtained as well. This phenomenon is probably due to the high yields of singlet oxygen of these OPEs, which oxidizes unsaturated membrane and inner components of bacteria, such as protein, DNA, etc. viii Coupled with our previous work about the interactions of EO-OPE-1s with DOPC/cholesterol vesicles, we believe the biocidal process involves (1) EO-OPE-1s penetrate the bacterial membrane, (2) EO-OPE-1s photosensitize the generation of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species and (3) singlet oxygen and/or reactive oxygen species trigger the cytotoxicity.