gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The universality of LDPC codes on correlated fading channels with decision feedback based receiver (2005)

This paper proves that low density parity check (LDPC) codes are universal codes on correlated fading channels if a successive decoding receiver is used. A universal LDPC code is defined as a code with the same performance over a class of channels, in which the performance is measured by the threshold of the code in terms of mutual information (in bits/sec/Hz). The receiver proposed in this paper decomposes the fading channel into a bank of memoryless sub-channels. Each sub-channel is encoded with a LDPC code. An MMSE estimator followed by a LDPC decoder is used to successively decodes the channel code. With this scheme, we show that LDPC codes have the universal performance on fading channels with variant fading rates. We also prove that the LDPC code design is unified. Hence, the optimal LDPC codes for the perfect CSI receiver is also optimal for correlated fading channels without CSI.
Enhanced catabolism of low density lipoproteins in rat by lactosaminated Fab fragment. A new carrier of macromolecules to the liver. (1986)

Proteins conjugated with lactose residues exhibit enhanced hepatic uptake mediated by the galactose receptor. In this study, we demonstrate that lactosaminated Fab fragments (lac-Fab) of IgG can induce hepatic catabolism of specific antigens, especially low density lipoproteins (LDL). lac-Fab and human LDL-lac-Fab complex exhibited specific uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes. In vivo in the rat, lactosamination enhanced plasma clearance of Fab fragments 2-fold and hepatic localization 20-fold. Fab fragments retained their affinity after lactosamination. Hepatic uptake of rat 125I-IgG complexed in vitro with anti-rat lac-Fab was increased almost 5-fold, compared to rat 125I-IgG alone. Injection of rats with anti-LDL lac-Fab induced plasma clearance and hepatic uptake of tracer amounts of previously injected human 125I-LDL, which decreased 50% 10 min after injection of lac-Fab, with 30% present in the liver. Asialofetuin completely inhibited these processes. After a bolus of 6 mg of human LDL, administration of anti-LDL lac-Fab reduced the serum cholesterol of rats to basal values within 2.5 h. These findings suggest that lactosaminated Fab fragments of specific IgGs are effective reagents for inducing hepatic uptake of macromolecules through the galactose receptor. lac-Fab specific for LDL may be an effective hypocholesterolemic agent in vivo.
The permissive role of mitochondria in the induction of haem oxygenase-1 in endothelial cells (2009)

HO-1 (haem oxygenase 1) is an essential antioxidant enzyme in the cell that exerts its effects through removal of pro-oxidant haem groups and the formation of antioxidant molecules and carbon monoxide. The electrophilic cyclopentenone 15d-PGJ2 (15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2) induces the expression of HO-1 protein through the covalent modification of protein thiols. It has been shown that specific thiol residues of the redox-sensor Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) are modified by 15d-PGJ2, leading to activation of the transcription factor Nrf-2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 subunit-related factor 2) and up-regulation of genes under control of the electrophile-response element, including HO-1. However, 15d-PGJ2 has also been shown to modify other proteins which comprise the electrophile-responsive proteome. Since 15d-PGJ2 has been shown to localize to the mitochondria in endothelial cells, we hypothesized that mitochondrial protein modification may also be important in Keap1/Nrf-2 signal transduction, leading to HO-1 up-regulation. In order to determine the role of mitochondrial protein thiol modification in HO-1 induction, we used the mitochondrial-targeted thiol-reactive compound IBTP [(4-iodobutyl)triphenylphosphonium]. IBTP had no effect on basal HO-1 levels, but effectively blocked HO-1 induction by a variety of reagents including haemin, iodoacetamide and 15d-PGJ2. Mechanistically, IBTP did not prevent the covalent modification of Keap1 by 15d-PGJ2. However, IBTP prevented the 15d-PGJ2-dependent increases in HO-1 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, IBTP prevented the nuclear accumulation of Nrf-2, suggesting cross-talk between mitochondria and antioxidant-response signal transduction. This effect was independent of reactive oxygen species formation or mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, IBTP significantly enhanced the toxicity of high concentrations of 15d-PGJ2, suggesting that loss of mitochondrial control of HO-1 leads to increased susceptibility to electrophilic stress in endothelial cells. The implications for these studies in understanding the balance between cytoprotection and cytotoxicity in the context of diseases such as atherosclerosis is discussed.
Molecular Analysis of Defect Healing in Rat Diaphyseal Bone. (2001)

Spatial expression of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for osteoblastic marker in drill hole defect healing of adult male rats was analyzed by in situ hybridization. The defect was filled with hematoma 3 days after surgery, expressing Type I collagen mRNA. Hematoma was replaced with fibrous tissue on day 7, and then with new trabecular bone on day 10, originated from the intra-medullary space, respectively. mRNA for Type I collagen, parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTHIR), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were expressed in the same cell population of fibrous tissue adjacent to newly-formed trabecular bone, and in osteoblasts lining the newly-formed trabecular bone. Hematopoietic marrow with osteoclasts subsequently invaded the region, also from the intra-medullary space, replacing all the new trabecular bone by day 21, except for a thin sub-periosteal layer. mRNA for Type I collagen, PTH1R and ALP was expressed on the periosteal surface of thin layer. Although cartilage formation was not histologically visible, mRNA for Type II collagen was weakly detected in the majority of osteoblasts lining the newly-formed trabecular bone.
Unimodal and Multimodal Biometric Sensing Systems: A Review (2016)

Biometric systems are used for the verification and identification of individuals using their physiological or behavioral features. These features can be categorized into unimodal and multimodal systems, in which the former have several deficiencies that reduce the accuracy of the system, such as noisy data, inter-class similarity, intra-class variation, spoofing, and non-universality. However, multimodal biometric sensing and processing systems, which make use of the detection and processing of two or more behavioral or physiological traits, have proved to improve the success rate of identification and verification significantly. This paper provides a detailed survey of the various unimodal and multimodal biometric sensing types providing their strengths and weaknesses. It discusses the stages involved in the biometric system recognition process and further discusses multimodal systems in terms of their architecture, mode of operation, and algorithms used to develop the systems. It also touches on levels and methods of fusion involved in biometric systems and gives researchers in this area a better understanding of multimodal biometric sensing and processing systems and research trends in this area. It furthermore gives room for research on how to find solutions to issues on various unimodal biometric systems.
Pricing European Currency Options: A Comparison of the Modified Black- Scholes Model and a Random Variance Model (1989)

Marc Chesney, Louis Scott, Pricing European Currency Options: A Comparison of the Modified Black- Scholes Model and a Random Variance Model, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Sep., 1989), pp. 267-284
Feedback Control of Two Beam, Two Joint Systems With Distributed Flexibility (1975)

The control of the flexible motion in a plane of two pinned beams is addressed with application to remote manipulators. Three types of linear feedback control schemes are considered: joint angle and velocity feedback with (GRC) and without (IJC) cross joint feedback, and feedback of flexible state variables (FFC). Two models of the distributed flexibility are presented along with some results obtained from them. The relative merit of the three control schemes is discussed.
Sex differences in the activation of tamoxifen to DNA binding species in rat liver in vivo and in rat hepatocytes in vitro: role of sulfotransferase induction. (2000)

Previous work has indicated that metabolic activation of tamoxifen in rat liver cells involves cytochrome P450-mediated alpha-hydroxylation, followed by sulfate ester formation, mediated by hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase a (rHSTa), a member of the SULT2A subfamily, which efficiently metabolizes dehydroepiandrosterone. Because it is known that the expression of rHSTa and other SULT2A forms is substantially higher in female rats than in males, it might be predicted that tamoxifen would be a more potent liver carcinogen in females than in males. Yet tamoxifen has been shown to be equipotent in both sexes. To investigate this paradox, primary cultures of hepatocytes were prepared from Fischer F-344 rats and treated with tamoxifen (10 microM) or alpha-hydroxytamoxifen (1 microM). Rats were also treated with tamoxifen daily by gavage (0.12 mmol/kg/day) for up to 14 days. DNA was isolated from hepatocytes and liver and analyzed by 32P-postlabeling. Liver cytosol fractions were prepared and analyzed for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase activity and SULT2A protein levels. In tamoxifen-treated hepatocytes and after a single dose of tamoxifen in vivo, DNA adduct formation in male cells was significantly lower than in female cells, 11- and 6-fold, respectively. However, with increasing daily doses of rats with tamoxifen, the adduct level in males increased to a level 89% of that in females by 14 days. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase activity in male rat liver cytosols was only 17% of the activity of female cytosols after one dose of tamoxifen but 64% after 14 days of exposure to the compound. This increase in activity correlated with increases in the levels of SULT2A protein, detected by Western blotting. Western blotting did not allow the unambiguous identification of the induced SULT2A form(s). However, by using a specific reverse transcriptase/PCR technique, it was found that it was primarily rHSTa that was induced. Thus, after prolonged exposure to tamoxifen, DNA adduct formation and rHSTa expression in males are significantly closer to the levels in females than they are after initial exposure. These changes explain the similar susceptibility of male and female rats to tamoxifen carcinogenesis.
Coupling of Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Synthesis in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2007)

plsX (acyl-acyl carrier protein [ACP]:phosphate acyltransferase), plsY (yneS) (acyl-phosphate:glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase), and plsC (yhdO) (acyl-ACP:1-acylglycerol-phosphate acyltransferase) function in phosphatidic acid formation, the precursor to membrane phospholipids. The physiological functions of these genes was inferred from their in vitro biochemical activities, and this study investigated their roles in gram-positive phospholipid metabolism through the analysis of conditional knockout strains in the Bacillus subtilis model system. The depletion of PlsX led to the cessation of both fatty acid synthesis and phospholipid synthesis. The inactivation of PlsY also blocked phospholipid synthesis, but fatty acid formation continued due to the appearance of acylphosphate intermediates and fatty acids arising from their hydrolysis. Phospholipid synthesis ceased following PlsC depletion, but fatty acid synthesis continued at a high rate, leading to the accumulation of fatty acids arising from the dephosphorylation of 1-acylglycerol-3-P followed by the deacylation of monoacylglycerol. Analysis of glycerol 3-P acylation in B. subtilis membranes showed that PlsY was an acylphosphate-specific acyltransferase, whereas PlsC used only acyl-ACP as an acyl donor. PlsX was found in the soluble fraction of disrupted cells but was associated with the cell membrane in intact organisms. These data establish that PlsX is a key enzyme that coordinates the production of fatty acids and membrane phospholipids in B. subtilis.
MECHANISMS AND MODELS FOR CRACK DETECTION WITH INDUCTION THERMOGRAPHY (2008)

Induction thermography is a non‐contacting, non‐destructive evaluation method with a wide range of applications. A deeper understanding of the detectability of cracks requires fundamental knowledge about the induced current density distribution in the component under test. A calculation of the current distribution provides information how much current is flowing at which location of the component, how a crack disturbs the current density, how much heat is produced at which location of the component, and how the heat diffuses to the surface. The heating process depends on the type of crack. On the one hand there are cracks which can be detected mainly by direct observation of the heating process due to an increased current density, and on the other hand there are cracks which can be detected mainly because of a modification of the heat diffusion. This paper presents an analytical model for the calculation of the current distribution, including the back‐flow current along with finite‐element calculations. Furthermore, two new crack models are presented for a better description of real cracks.
Targeting the trehalose utilization pathways of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2015)

Tuberculosis (TB) is an epidemic disease and the growing burden of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB world wide underlines the need to discover new drugs to treat the disease. <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) is the etiological agent of most cases of TB. <i>Mtb</i> is difficult to treat, in part, due to the presence of a sturdy hydrophobic barrier that prevents penetration of drugs through the cell wall. <i>Mtb</i> can also survive in a non-replicative state for long periods of time avoiding the action of common antibiotics. Trehalose is an essential metabolite in mycobacteria since it plays key roles in cell wall synthesis, transport of cell wall glycolipids, and energy storage. It is also known for its stress protective roles such as: protection from desiccation, freezing, starvation and osmotic stress in bacteria. In this review we discuss the drug discovery efforts against enzymes involved in the trehalose utilization pathways (TUPs) and their likelihood of becoming drug targets.
Collagen Sponge as a Topical Hemostatic Agent in Mucogingival Surgery (1985)

Hemorrhage from palatal donor sites during periodontal mucogingival surgery was controlled by application of Collastat absorbable hemostatic sponges. The use of collagen sponges was evaluated in 20 free-graft cases. In contrast to microfibrillar collagen, which is normally delivered as clumps of material, a Collastat sponge was applied as a single piece that maintained structural integrity even when wet and was easy to maneuver into place. The highly porous sponges conformed to the wound, absorbed fluid and produced consistently reliable hemostasis with no secondary bleeding. By stemming the seepage of blood into the throat, patient safety and comfort were improved. The sponges were left on the wounds and removed at the 1-week postoperative visit, revealing well-formed granulation tissue. Healing proceeded normally with no evidence of infection, tissue reaction, or other adverse effects.
Role of osteopontin in tumour progression (2004)

Since its first identification as a transformation-associated protein, osteopontin (OPN) has been recognised as important in the processes of tumorigenicity and metastasis. Here, we review the evidence that OPN might be considered as a candidate prognostic marker in human cancer. In animal systems, evidence from cell injection experiments and genetically manipulated mice suggest an important but complex role for the protein in tumour progression. Moreover, studies in a variety of human cancers associate high levels of OPN expression in tumours or in blood with more advanced cancers. The mechanism of action of OPN in promoting cancer is still unclear, and we consider aspects of OPN biology that can complicate interpretation of human studies. Nevertheless, growing evidence supports a role for OPN as a potential prognostic factor for various human cancers.
Spectral design considerations for white LED color rendering (2005)

White LED spectra for general lighting should be designed for high luminous efficacy as well as good color rendering. Multichip and phosphor-type white LED models were analyzed by simulation of their color characteristics and luminous efficacy of radiation, compared with those of conventional light sources for general lighting. Color rendering characteristics were evaluated based on the CIE Color Rendering Index (CRI), examining not only Ra but also the special color rendering indices Ri, as well as on the CIELAB color difference E for the 14 color samples defined in CIE 13.3. Several models of three-chip and four-chip white LEDs as well as phosphor-type LEDs are optimized for various parameters, and some guidance is given for designing these white LEDs. The simulation analysis also demonstrated several problems with the current CRI, and the need for improvements is discussed.
Identification of low abundance microbiome in clinical samples using whole genome sequencing (2015)

Identifying the microbiome composition from primary tissues directly affords an opportunity to study the causative relationships between the host microbiome and disease. However, this is challenging due the low abundance of microbial DNA relative to the host. We present a systematic evaluation of microbiome profiling directly from endoscopic biopsies by whole genome sequencing. We compared our methods with other approaches on datasets with previously identified microbial composition. We applied this approach to identify the microbiome from 27 stomach biopsies, and validated the presence of Helicobacter pylori by quantitative PCR. Finally, we profiled the microbial composition in The Cancer Genome Atlas gastric adenocarcinoma cohort.
Acoustic levitation by Oseen drag (1992)

Acoustic levitation of spherical particle samples was demonstrated using the steady force exerted by a harmonically distorted acoustic wave. The force arises due to a nonlinear dependence of the fluid drag on the velocity of flow around the sphere. The experimentally determined acoustic intensity required for levitation against gravity was found to be proportional to the particle radius and the particle density in agreement with theory. Levitation was demonstrated for samples with particle diameters ranging from 5 μm to 8 mm and in a variety of gases and at several gas pressures.
Heart Rate Turbulence Analysis in Subclinical Hypothroidism Heart Rate Turbulence in Hypothyroidism. (2015)

Heart rate; Holter electrocardiography; Hypothyroidism.
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF PAPER - UPGRADING PAPER PERFORMANCE IN END USE (1991)

On passe en revue les travaux de recherche recents sur la stabilite dimensionnelle du papier dans le plan et hors du plan
A Real-Time Blood Flow Measurement Device for Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease (2021)

The technology tested in this pilot study showed a high predictive value for diagnosis of critical limb ischemia. The device showed promise as a diagnostic tool capable of providing clinical feedback in real time.
Individual performance review--meeting staff needs. (1992)

One of the main components of job satisfaction is the recognition of one's achievements. It can be argued that nursing has been slow to recognise the positive effects of honest feedback on individual performance. Individual Performance Review (IPR) or staff appraisal is one way of providing that feedback.
Purification and properties of the cytosolic substrate for botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase. Identification as an Mr 22,000 guanine nucleotide-binding protein. (1988)

The substrate for ADP-ribosyltransferase from Clostridium botulinum was purified from the cytosol of bovine adrenal gland. Purification procedures consisted of ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatographies on columns of DEAE-Sepharose and phenyl-Sepharose, gel filtration on a TSK-gel G3000SW column, and Mono Q fast protein liquid chromatography. On DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, the substrate activity was eluted in two separate peaks, and electrophoretic analyses revealed that the substrates in the two peaks are of similar molecular weight but different isoelectric points. The major peak of the substrate was further purified. It was purified about 1,800-fold with a recovery of 2.2% by the above procedures. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the final preparation showed a single protein band at Mr 22,000. The purified protein served as a substrate for botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase and was maximally ADP-ribosylated to the extent of about 0.7 mol of ADP-ribose/mol of protein. A guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) binding activity was co-purified with the ADP-ribosylation substrate, and the purified protein maximally bound about 0.5 mol of GTP gamma S/mol. GTP gamma S binding was effectively competed by GTP and GDP but not by GMP, ATP, and ADP. Thus, the ADP-ribosylation substrate is a GTP-binding protein. This protein, designated Gb (b for botulinum), is widely distributed in various tissues. It was rich in brain, pituitary, and adrenal glands, and poor in heart, smooth, and skeletal muscles.
An unprecedented ambipolar charge transport material exhibiting balanced electron and hole mobilities (2007)

2,7-Bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-9,9'-spirobifluorene exhibits balanced electron and hole mobilities of up to 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), as measured using time-of-flight techniques.
Genetic Programming for Multiscale Modeling (2004)

We propose the use of genetic programming (GP)—a genetic algorithm that evolves computer programs—for bridging simulation methods across multiple scales of time and/or length. The effectiveness of genetic programming in multiscale simulation is demonstrated using two illustrative, non-trivial case studies in science and engineering. The first case is multi-timescale materials kinetics modeling, where genetic programming is used to symbolically regress a mapping of all diffusion barriers from only a few calculated ones, thereby avoiding explicit calculation of all the barriers. The GP-regressed barrier function enables use of kinetic Monte Carlo for realistic potentials and simulation of realistic experimental times (seconds). Specifically, a GP regression is applied to vacancy-assisted migration on a surface of a binary alloy and predict the diffusion barriers within 0.1-1% error using 3% (or less) of the barriers. The second case is the development of constitutive relation between macroscopic variables using measured data, where GP is used to evolve both the function form of the constitutive equation as well as the coefficient values. Specifically, GP regression is used for developing a constitutive relation between flow stress and temperature-compensated strain rate based on microstructural characterization for an aluminum alloy AA7055. We not only reproduce a constitutive relation proposed in literature, but also develop a new constitutive equation that fits both low-strain-rate and high-strain-rate data. We hope these disparate example applications exemplify the power of GP for multiscaling at the price, of course, of not knowing physical details at the intermediate scales.