gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new programmable load for noise parameter determination (1991)

A new computer-controlled programmable load is presented. The load consists of a cascade of p-i-n diodes bonded to each other. The capacitance of the reverse-biased p-i-n diode, together with the interconnecting bonding wires, forms an artificial transmission line. A complete phase coverage in the Smith chart is obtained by forward biasing any diode pair, using only two current generators and two multiplexers. The amplitude coverage will depend on the diode spacing. The load may be set to any reflection coefficient within its coverage area. Synthesis formulas for the determination of the current driver settings have been derived. A calibration procedure determining the unknown synthesis parameters from input port measurements only is presented. Only the p-i-n diode parameters are characterized separately. The programmable load has been built and tested. Measurements verify the principle and show good agreement with computer simulations. The load has been developed for noise parameter determination. Other applications for variable impedance measurements are circuit or device optimization of gain output power performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigation of Shape Memory Polymers and Their Hybrid Composites (1997)

In this paper, a newly developed polymer, shape memory polyurethane (SMP), will be introduced. The shape memory polymer possesses the same basic shape memory effect and elasticity memory effect as shape memory alloys. Shape memory polymers can change their elastic modulus up to 500 times around their glass transition temperatures. Both the shape memory effect and the elasticity memory effect of shape memory polymers make them a useful candidate for today's intelligent material systems and structures. This paper will introduce some of the basic characteristics of SMPs and the results of some initial investigation of SMP composites.
Applying IT to Solve Societal Grand Challenges: Residential Energy Monitoring Services as the First Pillar (2011)

Society 2.0 is the next stage in the evolution of the Information Society, enabling seamless content and service interaction in support of our environment, to ease our work and life balance, and to enrich our lives. Abundant sustainable resources such as energy, water, and food, together with smart buildings, spaces and transportation are all aspects of the Society 2.0 vision. The domain of residential energy monitoring services and their supporting IT ecosystems provides a rich and challenging environment to push the limits of our current IT service models, designs, and implementation strategies. As part of HP Labs' ongoing research into environmental sustainability we have designed and deployed a Home Energy Intelligence Service for remote monitoring and assessment of residential energy consumption patterns, overlaid by a set of energy-related advisory services. Our solution consists of a residential sensing layer, an energy cloud service that contains a number of back-end components, and a user dashboard experience. These enable our research team to explore issues around holistic and fine grained sensing, differentiated analytics, scaling of IT services, and the surfacing of insights and incentives to enable homeowners to manage and reduce their energy consumption through behavioral change.
Fidelity of Target Site Duplication and Sequence Preference during Integration of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus (2010)

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus (XMRV) is a new human retrovirus associated with prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. The causal relationship of XMRV infection to human disease and the mechanism of pathogenicity have not been established. During retrovirus replication, integration of the cDNA copy of the viral RNA genome into the host cell chromosome is an essential step and involves coordinated joining of the two ends of the linear viral DNA into staggered sites on target DNA. Correct integration produces proviruses that are flanked by a short direct repeat, which varies from 4 to 6 bp among the retroviruses but is invariant for each particular retrovirus. Uncoordinated joining of the two viral DNA ends into target DNA can cause insertions, deletions, or other genomic alterations at the integration site. To determine the fidelity of XMRV integration, cells infected with XMRV were clonally expanded and DNA sequences at the viral-host DNA junctions were determined and analyzed. We found that a majority of the provirus ends were correctly processed and flanked by a 4-bp direct repeat of host DNA. A weak consensus sequence was also detected at the XMRV integration sites. We conclude that integration of XMRV DNA involves a coordinated joining of two viral DNA ends that are spaced 4 bp apart on the target DNA and proceeds with high fidelity.
Patterns of Survival in Multiple Myeloma: A Population-Based Study of Patients Diagnosed in Sweden From 1973 to 2003 (2007)

One-year MM survival has increased for all age groups during the last decades; 5-year and 10-year MM survival has increased in younger patients (younger than 60 to 70 years). High-dose melphalan with subsequent autologous stem-cell transplantation, thalidomide, and a continuous improvement in supportive care measures are probably the most important factors contributing to this finding. New effective agents with a more favorable toxicity profile are needed to improve survival further, particularly in the elderly.
Outbreak Detectives Embrace the Genome Era (2011)

Doctors could soon be sequencing bacterial samples from virtually every patient. The avalanche of data will help fight disease outbreaks, scientists say.
Impoliteness: The Ghanaian Standpoint (2016)

This paper highlights the folk perception of impoliteness among Ghanaians in view of Watts’ (2003) notion of first order impoliteness. The study showed that impoliteness is not just an opposite of politeness, but the manifestation of non-cooperation, disapproval, and mutual antipathy through certain communicative behaviours that signal disrespect. These communicative behaviours include ‘interrupting others’, the use of ‘invectives’ and the use of ‘offensive non-verbal forms of communication (NVCs)’. The use of these impolite communicative behaviours destabilizes interpersonal relationships and shows that a speaker is communicatively incompetent. The study also proposed the ‘pardonability scale of impoliteness’. This scale showed that among Ghanaians, the use of invectives is the most offensive and least pardonable impolite communicative behaviour while the use of offensive NVCs is the least offensive and most pardonable impolite communicative behaviour. It was also noted that the degree of offensiveness or pardonability in the order of the arrangement displayed on the scale, is not strictly tied to all speech events.
Ride Quality Evaluation 1. Questionnaire Studies of Airline Passenger Comfort (1975)

As part of a larger effort to assess passenger comfort in aircraft, two questionnaires were administered: one to ground-based respondents, the other to passengers in flight. Respondents indicated the importance of various factors influencing their satisfaction with a trip, the perceived importance of various physical factors in determining their level of comfort, and the ease of time spent performing activities in flight. The in-flight sample also provided a rating of their level of comfort and of their willingness to fly again. Comfort ratings were examined in relation to (1) typo of respondent, (2) type of aircraft, (3) characteristics of the passengers, (4) ease of performing activities, and (5) willingness to fly again.
A Novel Van91 I Polymorphism in the 1st Intron of the Parathyroid Hormone(PTH)/PTH-Related Peptide(PTHrP) Receptor Gene and Its Effect on the Urinary cAMP Response to PTH. (2000)

This study was designed to identify a parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor gene polymorphism in a healthy Japanese population. All known 13 introns of this gene were amplified by PCR, except the 1st intron, which was amplified by the long-PCR method. No restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were detected by BsmI or XbaI in any of these introns. Twenty-one other restriction enzymes (Hind III, Bgl II, Sty I, Pvu II, Eco81 I, Van91 I, BstX I, Sse8387 I, EcoR I, BamH I, Mbo II, Tth111 I, PshA I, Eam1105 I, Not I, Srf I, Bgl I, Fok I, Sfi I, Apa I, Taq I) were tested on the 1st intron. Furthermore, digestion by Van911 (CCANNNNNTGG) identified a single, two-allele polymorphism with a fragment of approximately 3.5 kb (V allele) or a fragment of 3.1 and 0.4 kb (v allele). The frequency of the Van91 I polymorphism in 106 healthy Japanese volunteers was 77.4% for type vv, 19.8% for type Vv and 2.8% for type VV. In addition, the urinary cAMP response to exogenous [1-34]PTH was studied in 17 healthy volunteers and found to be significantly greater in persons with type Vv than type vv (p<0.05). In conclusion, the Van91 I polymorphism of the PTH/PTHrP receptor gene can be used to study the role of polymorphism in various disorders involving PTH or PTHrP.
Peroral Sustained-Release Film-Coated Pellets as a Means to Overcome Physicochemical and Biological Drug-Related Problems. I. In Vitro Development and Evaluation (1998)

In vitro preformulation testing has shown that the solubility and dissolution rate of the model drug compound ucb 11056 are highly pH dependent. Considering this, different sustained-release (SR) oral dosage forms of ucb 11056 were developed aiming to obtain the most constant and complete release of the drug during transit in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Classical approaches based on the use of SR formulations such as hydrophilic matrix tablets or pellets coated with one film-forming polymer (Eudragit NE30D or L30D-55) did not fulfill all expectations on the basis of their in vitro evaluation, i.e., the drug release and pattern remained highly dependent on the pH of the dissolution medium. Therefore, taking advantage of the flexibility of release adjustment obtainable from coating of pellets with different kinds of pH-sensitive film layers, a quite satisfactory pH independence of the release characteristics was obtained using formulation blends of neutral and anionic acrylic polymers. For the selected SR pellets batch 15 coated with NE30D/L30D-55 (7:3), the tridimensional topographic representation of the drug release versus time and pH showed that, notwithstanding the pH-dependent aqueous solubility of the drug, the release profiles were relatively homogeneous for any pH value ranging between 1 and 7.
Partitioning real-time tasks among heterogeneous multiprocessors (2004)

Given a collection of tasks that comprise the software for a real-time system, and a collection of available processing units of different kinds upon which to execute them, the heterogeneous multiprocessor partitioning problem is concerned with determining whether the given tasks can be partitioned among the available processing units in such a manner that all timing constraints are met. It is known that this problem is intractable; efficient implementations of sufficient (albeit not necessary) partitioning algorithms are presented here, and proved correct.
Reactions of phenoxides with nitro- and halo-substituted phthalimides (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of phenoxides with nitro- and halo-substituted phthalimidesFrank J. Williams and Paul E. DonahueCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 21, 3414–3419Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00441a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00441a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views654Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Constitutional Law: Reliance on Nonenforcement (2018)

When, if ever, may private parties rely on official assurances that federal law will not apply to them?This question arises in a bewildering array of contexts, from humdrum to monumental.At the most everyday level, federal park police might promise to allow parking in a no-parking zone only to return with a ticket, or harried Internal Revenue Service personnel might provide mistaken guidance on how to complete a tax return.But other assurances are more consequential.Federal law enforcement and intelligence officials may promise undercover agents immunity from prosecution for joining a criminal operation as a means of uncovering crimes; some federal agencies issue no-action letters or advisory opinions indicating that planned conduct will not be punished; and a panoply of administrative agencies issue enforcement policies indicating how they plan to enforce the many detailed statutes and regulations they administer.In particularly dramatic exercises of this power, the Obama Administration publicly announced extensive nonenforcement policies regarding both marijuana and immigration.Although possessing or distributing marijuana remains a federal crime, the Department of Justice issued guidance indicating that federal prosecutors generally would not devote resources to enforcing federal narcotics laws against parties operating in compliance with state law.Similarly, in two controversial programs (one ultimately blocked by a preliminary injunction), the Department of Homeland Security invited broad categories of undocumented immigrants to apply for "deferred action," a two-or three-year promise of non-deportation that entailed eligibility for work authorization and other potential benefits.The Trump Administration has revoked this marijuana guidance.It hopes also to terminate the Obama Administration's deferred action program, although a court has temporarily barred it from doing so.Yet the Trump Administration itself has slackened enforcement in many areas of regulation, from environmental law to healthcare and labor, that might well encourage reliance by regulated parties.All such policies raise difficult reliance concerns because such policies, like other nonenforcement promises, are formally nonbinding:1.
Mechanism of teratogenesis: Electron transfer, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants (2006)

Teratogenesis has been a topic of increasing interest and concern in recent years, generating controversy in association with danger to humans and other living things. A veritable host of chemicals is known to be involved, encompassing a wide variety of classes, both organic and inorganic. Contact with these chemicals is virtually unavoidable due to contamination of air, water, ground, food, beverages, and household items, as well as exposure to medicinals. The resulting adverse effects on reproduction are numerous. There is uncertainty regarding the mode of action of these chemicals, although various theories have been advanced, e.g., disruption of the central nervous system (CNS), DNA attack, enzyme inhibition, interference with hormonal action, and insult to membranes, proteins, and mitochondria. This review provides extensive evidence for involvement of oxidative stress (OS) and electron transfer (ET) as a unifying theme. Successful application of the mechanistic approach is made to all of the main classes of toxins, in addition to large numbers of miscellaneous types. We believe it is not coincidental that the vast majority of these substances incorporate ET functionalities (quinone, metal complex, ArNO2, or conjugated iminium) either per se or in metabolites, potentially giving rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by redox cycling. Some categories, e.g., peroxides and radiation, appear to generate ROS by non-ET routes. Other mechanisms are briefly addressed; a multifaceted approach to mode of action appears to be the most logical. Our framework should increase understanding and contribute to preventative measures, such as use of antioxidants.
Direct control strategies based on sensing inductance in switched reluctance motors (1996)

The stator winding current commutation timing is the central subject of switched reluctance motor control. The direct use of coil inductance information for current commutation is introduced in this paper. The drawbacks of position-based commutation, in the presence of drifting electrical parameters, are overcome by using the instantaneous coil inductance information. Algorithms to optimize torque using this approach are also presented in this paper.
Sequence and biochemical similarities between the luciferases of the glow-worm <i>Lampyris noctiluca</i> and the firefly <i>Photinus pyralis</i> (1996)

A full-length clone encoding Lampyris noctiluca (British glow-worm) luciferase was isolated from a complementary DNA (cDNA) expression library constructed with MRNA extracted from light organs. The luciferase was a 547-residue protein, as deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The protein was closely related to those of other lampyrid beetles, the similarity to Photinus pyralis luciferase being 84% and to Luciola 67%. In contrast, Lampyris luciferase had less sequence similarity to the luciferases of the click beetle Pyrophorus, at 48%. Engineering Lampyris luciferase in vitro showed that the C-terminal peptide containing 12 amino acids in Photinus and 9 amino acids in Lampyris was essential for bioluminescence. The pH optimum and the Km values for ATP and luciferin were similar for both Photinus and Lampyris luciferases, although the light emitted by the latter shifted towards the blue and was less stable at 37 degrees C. It was concluded that the molecular and biochemical properties were not sufficient to explain the glowing or flashing of the two beetles Lampyris and Photinus.
Facilitated transport via carrier—mediated diffusion in membranes: Part II. Mathematical aspects and analyses (1974)

Abstract Part II of this review is concerned with the mathematical analysis of facilitated transport. An exposition is given of the most generally useful techniques for obtaining asymptotic or approximate solutions to one‐dimensional carrier‐mediated diffusion in membranes, involving multiple permeant and carrier species which undergo one or more chemical reactions. Primary emphasis is devoted to the limiting regimes of weakly‐perturbed membranes (small driving forces) and slow or fast reactions (small or large Damkohler numbers). Many of the results appearing in the literature are unified and extended, and a systematic procedure for using these to estimate membrane performance is put forth. Finally, some areas for further work are identified.
Gene Transfer for Inborn Errors of Metabolism of the Liver: The Clinical Perspective (2011)

There are numerous inborn errors of metabolism of the liver, and they are all rare to very rare. To get a clear picture of the indications for gene transfer in these conditions, it is essential to get a clear view on the current (lack of) insight in the pathophysiology of these disorders, the current treatment options and hence on the window of opportunity for new treatments as gene transfer. The aim of this review, is to illustrate the problems related to treatment of inborn errors of metabolism of the liver. General aspects defining the quest for treatments for very rare diseases are touched upon, but for the sake of clarity, this review is restricted to five illustrative examples: Crigler-Najjar type I, the urea cycle defects, phenylketonuria, classic galactosemia and propionic acidemia. These examples reflect the problems that are currently experienced and can be expected, when gene transfer trials for these disorders are undertaken.
Museums and Funders Embracing New Constituencies (2006)

The census data of 1990 served as a wakeup call for the leaders of cultural institutions across the nation. The 1990 census indicated that minorities were growing at a rate greater than that of the nonminority population; and Latinos were the fastest growing group in the nation. Museum management teams were forced to come to terms with changing demographic realities. Some museums were sited in communities that had once been affluent, but were now populated by the poor and/or working classes. Others were acknowledging a decline in visitation as the competition for the leisure time of local citizens became more intense due to the creation of new for-profit and nonprofit venues offering entertainment and educational opportunities. Many museum leaders were forced to acknowledge that their collections, exhibitions, and programs were shaped by a group of individuals who were no longer active stakeholders and who did not support the institution in sufficient number. Additionally, local residents often showed little interest in the issues and/or values of the museums that sat in the heart of their communities.
Application of Acoustic Hydrosurvey Technology to the Mapping of Eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) Distribution in Humboldt Bay, California (1993)

Acoustic hydrosurvey technology provides an efficient and accurate means of surveying the distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation under some circumstances. The San Francisco District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has successfully used standard acoustic hydrosurvey equipment and methods to map the distribution of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in two areas within Humboldt Bay, California totaling 50.4 acres. The results of the survey were used to evaluate the impacts of a proposed navigation channel improvement project on the eelgrass beds. This paper describes the acoustic hydrosurvey methodology and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the acoustic hydrosurvey procedure relative to other survey methods.