gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The human polyomavirus, JCV, and neurological diseases (review). (1998)

JC virus, a human neurotropic polyomavirus, is the established etiologic agent of the fatal demyelinating disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, which usually affects individuals with defects in cell-mediated immunity. Cytolytic destruction of oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the central nervous system is attributed as the mechanism by which JCV induces demyelination. PML was at one time a rare complication however it is now a much more common disease affecting patients of all ages due to the prevalence of AIDS. Of interest, in vitro evidence points to a cooperative interaction between JCV and HIV-1, via the HIV-1 regulatory protein, Tat. In addition, JCV has been demonstrated to induce tumors of neural origin in several animal models, including rodents and non-human primates, and several clinical reports have suggested a possible association between JCV and glial-origin tumors in humans. The viral regulatory protein, T-antigen, which has been shown to play a key role in orchestrating the events of the viral lytic cycle, is also capable of altering cellular functions, by nature of its direct interaction with cellular regulatory proteins and by its effect on cellular transcription. In this review, we discuss clinical aspects of PML, the ability of JCV to induce tumors in animal models, and the ability of JCV T-antigen to alter cellular function in vitro.
The Primary Structure of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (1970)

Abstract Thirty peptides obtained from the tryptic digestion of oxidized staphylococcal enterotoxin B were isolated chromatographically on columns of Dowex 50W-X2 and AG1-X2 by using pyridine-acetic acid and N-ethylmorpholine-pyridine-acetic acid buffer systems. The isolated peptides were further purified by paper chromatography and electrophoresis. The amino acid composition and sequence of each purified peptide were determined. A total of 239 amino acid residues was found to be present in the tryptic peptides.
Effects of |H<sub>2</sub>Se|/|DMZn| Molar Ratio on Epitaxial ZnSe Films Grown by Low-Pressure MOCVD (1984)

Effects of the |H 2 Se|/|DMZn| molar ratio on the electrical and optical properties of nominally undoped ZnSe films grown on (100) GaAs substrates by low-pressure MOCVD have been studied. It was found that the carrier concentration in the films decreases with the molar ratio, while the luminescence intensity ratio between the NBE emission and that from deep centers increases. Furthermore, the distance between an inlet nozzle for DMZn and the substrate was found to give qualitatively the same effects to the properties of ZnSe films as those by the molar ratio.
Multiagent-Based Large-Scale Evacuation Simulation (2009)

The evacuation of whole cities or even regions is an important problem, as demonstrated by recent events such as evacuation of Houston in the case of Hurricane Rita or the evacuation of coastal cities in the case of tsunamis. A robust and flexible simulation framework for such large-scale disasters helps to predict the evacuation process. Furthermore, it is possible to recognize bottle-necks in advance, so that an elimination of those bottlenecks is possible. This should lead to a better preparedness for an event of evacuation for cities or regions that face a high risk of natural disasters. Existing methods are either geared towards smaller problems (e.g. Cellular Automata techniques or methods based on differential equations) or are not microscopic (e.g. methods based on dynamic traffic assignment). This paper presents a technique that is both microscopic and capable to process large problems. The simulation was applied to the Indonesian city of Padang. The city faces a high risk of being inundated by an earth quake triggered tsunami.
Efficacy of Three Insecticides Applied in Three Regimes Against Insect - Pests of Cowpea (1988)

Three insecticides - endosulfan (0.08%), monocrotophos (0.04%) and phos-phamidon (0.04%) were applied in three spraying regimes - single spray after 45 days of sowing (St>, single spray after 50 days of sowing (S2) and two sprays after 50 and 60 days of sowing (S3) against insect - pests of cowpea during Kharif 1982 and 1983 at the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi (U.P.). The results indicated that maximum control of leaf hoppers (Empoasca kerri Pruthi) and flower nibblers (Mylabris pustulata Th. and Catochrysops cnejus Fabr.) was afforded by monocrotophos whereas damaging activity of defoliators (Pagria signata Motsch, Plusia nigrisigna Wlk., Spodoptera litura Fabr., Colemania sphenarioides Bol., Chrotogonus trachypterus Blanch. and Atractomorpha crenulata crenulata Fabr.) was controlled better by endosulfan applied 50 days after sowing. However, maximum seed yield was obtained from plots treated with monocrotophos at 50 days age of crop.
Stretching the limits of FPGA SerDes for enhanced ATE performance (2010)

This paper describes a multi-gigahertz test module to enhance the performance capabilities of automated test equipment (ATE), such as high-speed signal generation, loopback testing, jitter injection, etc. The test module includes a core logic block consisting of a high-performance FPGA. It is designed to be compatible with existing ATE infrastructure; connecting to the device under test (DUT) via a device interface board (DIB). The core logic block controls the test module's functionality, thereby allowing it to operate independently of the ATE. Exploiting recent advances in FPGA SerDes, the test module is able to generate very high (multi-GHz) data rates at a relatively low cost. In this paper we demonstrate multiplexing logic to generate higher data rates (up to 10Gbps) and a low-jitter buffered loopback path to carry high speed signals from the DUT back to the DUT. The test module can generate 10Gbps signals with ~32ps (p-p) jitter, while the loopback path adds ~20ps (p-p) jitter to the input signal.
<title>Image Data Compression By Contour Texture Modelling</title> (1983)

An image coding technique, based on a simplified description of regions composing the image, is presented. Each region of the image is made of the maximum number of adjacent picture elements (pels) whose grey level evolution contains no sharp discontinuities. The pels within the regions provide the texture information whereas the region boundary points represent the contour information. Image coding is carried out by approximating the contour information and the texture information in each region. This is done by using different global analytical functions for each component. This adaptive image coding scheme leads to compression ratios greater than 50 to 1.1
Magnetic interface coupling in single-crystalline Co/FeMn bilayers (2002)

The magnetic coupling between epitaxial single-crystalline Co and FeMn layers on Cu(001) was investigated by element-resolved magnetic circular dichroism domain imaging using a photoelectron emission microscope. As-grown Co domain patterns reveal the presence of many small domains in the antiferromagnet. The coupling of the Co layer is found to be along $〈100〉$ crystallographic directions. This is discussed in terms of a $45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ coupling due to frustrations at topological $90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ domains in the FeMn layer. Coercivity oscillations as a function of FeMn thickness with atomic monolayer period support the importance of such step-induced domains in the coupling.
[Pd<sub>8</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>8</sub>(NO)<sub>8</sub>]: solution from X-ray powder diffraction data (2005)

The water-insoluble title compound, octakis(mu-acetato-kappa2O:O)octakis(mu-nitroso-kappa2N:O)octapalladium(II), [Pd8(CH3COO)8(NO)8], was precipitated as a yellow powder from a solution of palladium nitrate in nitric acid by adding acetic acid. Ab initio crystal structure determination was carried out using X-ray powder diffraction techniques. Patterson and Fourier syntheses were used for atom locations, and the Rietveld technique was used for the final structure refinement. The crystal structure is of a molecular type. The skeleton of the [Pd8(CH3COO)8(NO)8] molecule is constructed as a tetragonal prism with Pd atoms at the vertices. The eight NO- groups are in bridging positions along the horizontal edges of the prism. The N and O atoms of each nitroso group coordinate two different Pd atoms. The vertical edges present PdPd contacts with a short distance of 2.865 (1) A. These Pd atoms are bridged by a pair of acetate groups in a cis orientation with respect to each other. The complex has crystallographically imposed 4/m symmetry; all C atoms of the acetate groups are on mirror planes. The unique Pd atom lies in a general position and has square-planar coordination, consisting of three O and one N atom.
The Inhibitory Receptor NKG2A Determines Lysis of Vaccinia Virus-Infected Autologous Targets by NK Cells (2006)

Signals transduced by inhibitory receptors that recognize self-MHC class I molecules prevent NK cells from being activated by autologous healthy target cells. In order for NK cells to be activated upon contact with an infected cell, the balance between the activating and inhibitory signals that regulate NK cell function must be altered in favor of activation. By studying liver-derived NK cells, we show that only a subpopulation of NK cells expressing high levels of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A are able to lyse autologous vaccinia-infected targets, and that this is due to selective down-regulation of HLA-E. These data demonstrate that release from an inhibitory receptor:ligand interaction is one mechanism that permits NK cell recognition of a virally infected target, and that the variegated expression of inhibitory receptors in humans generates a repertoire of NK cells with different antiviral potentials.
New microcrystalline catalysts (1990)

Abstract Owing to recent developments there is now a prodigality of crystalline inorganic solids capable of catalysing the chemical conversions of numerous gaseous molecules, especially hydrocarbons. Very many of these new catalysts are microporous and microcrystalline, and have their accessible active sites distributed uniformly throughout their bulk. They are, therefore, amenable to investigation by essentially all of the premier experimental and computational tools of solid-state physics and solid-state chemistry. The deployment of these tools has yielded fresh insights into the mechanisms of catalytic action and also suggested new strategies, some of which have already been tested, for the design of specially tailored selective catalysts. The benefits of multi-pronged approaches to the investigation of the reactivity of catalysts, made possible by the combined use of intense X -ray sources (both laboratory-based and synchrotron radiation) and supercomputers, are illustrated by specific reference to zeolitic solids that contain cages and channels of molecular dimension. Such crystalline solids, either in their highly acidic or metal-ionexchanged forms, are of great practical value on an industrial scale. They are also ideally suited for in situ exploration of the subtle structural changes that accompany, or are responsible for, the activation and deactivation of catalysts. Ways of optimizing the performance of catalysts, including the possible construction of ‘teabag’ analogues, and of coping computationally with their properties and performance so as to deepen our understanding of their mode of operation are outlined with reference to both the zeolites and the ever-widening range of solid oxides crystallizing with pyrochlore and perovskite structures.
High-Accuracy Measurement of Atomic Polarizability in an Optical Lattice Clock (2012)

Presently, the Stark effect contributes the largest source of uncertainty in a ytterbium optical atomic clock through blackbody radiation. By employing an ultracold, trapped atomic ensemble and high stability optical clock, we characterize the quadratic Stark effect with unprecedented precision. We report the ytterbium optical clock's sensitivity to electric fields (such as blackbody radiation) as the differential static polarizability of the ground and excited clock levels α(clock) = 36.2612(7) kHz (kV/cm)(-2). The clock's uncertainty due to room temperature blackbody radiation is reduced by an order of magnitude to 3×10(-17).
Screening of adsorbents for removal of H<sub>2</sub>S at room temperature (2003)

The present paper describes the synthesis of H2S selective adsorbents, which are environmentally economical for removal of H2S at sewage plant facilities. A series of adsorbents (simple oxides of Ag, Cu, Zn, Co,Ni, Ca, Mn and Sn, mixed oxides of Zn containing Fe, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Al, Ti and Zr) derived from hydrous oxides and hydroxycarbonates of different metal ions were prepared. The performance of these adsorbents for the removal of H2S was studied at room temperature by a batch method. Several adsorbents (CuO, Zn/Mn type, Zn/Ti/Zr type, Zn/Co type, and Zn/Al type) showed markedly high adsorptivity (100 ∼ 280 mg g−1) for H2S gas. A detailed characterization of the adsorbents and sulfided adsorbents was carried out using X-ray diffraction, DTA-TG, SEM and TEM analysis. The H2S adsorption progresses by the chemical reaction of sulfide formation. The mixed metal oxides containing small crystallites of ZnO with hexagonal structure showed high H2S uptakes. Analysis of sulfided adsorbents showed that microcrystalline particles were developed after sulfidation. DTA-TG analysis suggested that two kinds of processes, metal sulfide → metal sulfate → metal oxide reaction and metal sulfide → metal oxide reaction, take place during the thermal desorption of sulfur.
REBASE-restriction enzymes and methylases (1997)

REBASE is a comprehensive database of information about restriction enzymes and their associated methylases, including their recognition and cleavage sites and their commercial availability. Information from REBASE is available via monthly electronic mailings as well as via anonymous ftp, WAIS/gopher and through the World Wide Web (http://www.neb.com/rebase ). Specialized files are available that can be used directly by many software packages.
Radioimmunoassay of creatine kinase isoenzymes in human serum: isoenzyme BB. (1978)

We describe a sensitive, specific radioimmunoassay for the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-BB) in serum. A sequential saturation assay was used to achieve sufficient sensitivity to detect the isoenzyme in 100-microliter serum samples of all healthy persons and patients tested. Bound and free antigen were separated by a second antibody system. Large excesses of purified isoenzyme MM did not react in the assay. Cross reactivity of two preparations of CK-MB was only 1 to 7+. The 95th percentile of serum CK-BB in 208 healthy adults was 6.2 microgram/liter. Within-assay and between-assay precision ranged from 5.5 to 11.9% and 9.7 to 13.6%, respectively.
FGF-2-Induced Wound Healing in Corneal Endothelial Cells Requires Cdc42 Activation and Rho Inactivation through the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway (2006)

These findings suggest that endothelial migration is induced by activated Cdc42 and inactivated Rho via PI 3-kinase after FGF-2 stimulation and that Cdc42 activation is crucial for CECs to acquire the characteristic migratory phenotypes.
The Characteristic Curvature of Ionic Surfactants (2008)

Abstract Characterizing the hydrophilic‐lipophilic nature of a surfactant molecule has been a challenge for colloid scientists and technologists. The hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB), the packing factor, the phase inversion temperature (PIT) and the natural curvature of the surfactant are all terms that seek to address this issue. In this article we build on the hydrophilic–lipophilic difference concept (HLD) (Salager et al. Langmuir, 16, 5534–5539, 2000) to develop a methodology to determine a characteristic curvature (Cc) for ionic surfactants based on the phase behavior of mixed ionic surfactant microemulsions. In essence, the method consists of evaluating the shift in optimal electrolyte concentration as a function of the mole fraction of the test surfactant in a mixture with a reference surfactant, sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (SDHS) and applying the appropriate HLD equation for ionic surfactant mixtures to determine Cc. The values of Cc were determined for a range of surfactants, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium naphthenate, and others. The method was also extrapolated to nonionic additives and hydrophilic linkers. It was observed that the calculated values of Cc were similar to those predicted by group contribution models, however the proposed method can be used even for complex surfactant mixtures. Finally, when Cc values were compared to apparent packing factor and HLB values, it was found that Cc is correlated with the apparent packing factor of ionic surfactants, and that Cc correlates with the HLB value for nonionic amphiphiles. The physical interpretation of Cc, and its potential application in the Net‐Average Curvature equation of state for oil‐surfactant‐water systems is discussed.
Integrated Access and Backhaul in 5G mmWave Networks: Potential and Challenges (2020)

IAB is being considered as a means to reduce the deployment costs of ultra-dense 5G mmWave networks, using wireless backhaul links to relay the access traffic. In this work we describe the most recent standardization activities on IAB, and compare architectures with and without IAB in mmWave deployments. While it is well understood that IAB networks reduce deployment costs by obviating the need to provide wired backhaul to each cellular base station, it is still necessary to validate the IAB performance in realistic scenarios. In this article we demonstrate the cell edge throughput advantage offered by IAB using end-to-end system-level simulations. We also highlight some research challenges for IAB that will require further investigations.
Abstract CN04-02: Discovery of Mcl-1 inhibitors using fragment-based methods. (2013)

Abstract Mcl-1, a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, is overexpressed and amplified in several cancers and causes the aberrant survival of tumor cells that would otherwise undergo programmed cell death and resistance to many chemotherapeutic agents. Down-regulation of Mcl-1 by RNA interference inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis in cancer cells, and decreases tumorgenicity in mouse xenograft models. Although very potent inhibitors of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL (ABT-263, Navitoclax) and Bcl-2 (ABT-199) have progressed to the clinic, no Mcl-1 inhibitors have entered clinical trials. In this presentation, the discovery of potent Mcl-1 inhibitors using fragment-based methods and structure-based design will be described. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):CN04-02. Citation Format: Stephen W. Fesik. Discovery of Mcl-1 inhibitors using fragment-based methods. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr CN04-02.
Face detection and clustering for video indexing applications (2003)

This paper describes a method for automatically detecting human faces in generic video sequences. We employ an iterative algorithm in order to give a confidence measure for the presence or absence of faces within video shots. Skin colour filtering is carried out on a selected number of frames per video shot, followed by the application of shape and size heuristics. Finally, the remaining candidate regions are normalized and projected into an eigenspace, the reconstruction error being the measure of confidence for presence/absence of face. Following this, the confidence score for the entire video shot is calculated. In order to cluster extracted faces into a set of face classes, we employ an incremental procedure using a PCA-based dissimilarity measure in con-junction with spatio-temporal correlation. Experiments were carried out on a representative broadcast news test corpus.
Molten fluorides for nuclear applications (2010)

The importance of pyrochemistry is being increasingly acknowledged and becomes unavoidable in the nuclear field. Molten salts may be used for fuel processing and spent fuel recycling, for heat transfer, as a homogeneous fuel and as a breeder material in fusion systems. Fluorides that are stable at high temperature and under high neutron flux are especially promising. Analysis of several field cases reveals that corrosion in molten fluorides is essentially due to the oxidation of metals by uranium fluoride and/or oxidizing impurities. The thermodynamics of this process are discussed with an emphasis on understanding the mass transfer in the systems, selecting appropriate metallic materials and designing effective purification methods.
A robot-assisted surgery system for spinal fusion (2005)

The goal of this work is to develop a robot-assisted surgery system for spinal fusion, which is composed of a robot, a surgical planning system, and an optical tracking system. The system plays roles of assisting surgeon for inserting a pedicle screw in spinal fusion. Compared to pure navigation systems as well as conventional methods for spinal fusion, it is able to achieve better accuracy through compensating for the portending movement of the surgical area. Furthermore, the robot can position and guide needles, drills, and other surgical instruments or conducts drilling/screwing directly. In preoperative surgery, the desired entry point, orientation, and depth of surgical tools for pedicle screw insertion are determined by the surgical planning system based on CT or MR images. Intra-operatively, the position information on the surgical instruments and the targeted surgical areas are obtained by the tracking system and, using that information, a robot conducts the preplanned operation depending on its role while compensating the movement of the surgical area. Two exemplary experiments employing the developed robot-assisted surgery system are conducted.
Non-alkaloids extract from <i>Stemona sessilifolia</i> enhances the activity of chemotherapeutic agents through P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug-resistant cancer cells (2015)

One of the major impediments to the successful treatment of cancer is the development of resistant cancer cells, which could cause multidrug resistance (MDR), and overexpression of ABCB1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the most common causes of MDR in cancer cells. Recently, natural products or plant-derived chemicals have been investigated more and more widely as potential multidrug-resistant (MDR) reversing agents. The current study demonstrated for the first time that non-alkaloids extract from Stemona sessilifolia significantly reversed the resistance of chemotherapeutic agents, adriamycin, paclitaxel and vincristine to MCF-7/ADR cells compared with MCF-7/S cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results obtained from these studies indicated that the non-alkaloids extract from S. sessilifolia plays an important role in reversing MDR of cancer as a P-gp modulator in vitro and may be effective in the treatment of multidrug-resistant cancers.