gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Networks of Timed Automata for collaborative systems: A network monitoring case study (2010)

We introduce Dynamic Networks of Timed Automata, an extension of (Networks of) Timed Automata useful for specifying concurrently executing timed-processes. The main difference with Timed Automata is that we allow the instantiation at run-time of multiple copies of automata. In this paper we also show an industrial case study where a system for monitoring a network of wireless devices is built applying Dynamic Networks of Timed Automata. The network is characterized by a high degree of dynamism, since its infrastructure is fixed but a big amount of its hosts continuously connect and disconnect. We see how extending XAL, an executable language for Timed Automata, we can first model our system, made of cooperating timed processes, and finally transform such model into an executable application. We also show how to model-check relevant properties of our application, expressing them through a temporal logic called TCTL and using existing formal methods and tools.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of .beta.-Keto Phosphonates: A Practical Way to Fosfomycin (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric Hydrogenation of .beta.-Keto Phosphonates: A Practical Way to FosfomycinM. Kitamura, M. Tokunaga, and R. NoyoriCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 10, 2931–2932Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00115a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00115a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4011Altmetric-Citations183LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Recipe for Proteomics Diagnostic Test Development: The OVA1 Test, from Biomarker Discovery to FDA Clearance (2010)

Although diagnostic test development remains challenging, novel technologies, including proteomics, genomics, and microRNA analysis, provide opportunities to identify biomarkers that in principle could accelerate the development of new diagnostic tests. Unfortunately, the literature is littered with initial biomarker discoveries that have failed to reach the clinic. We sought to identify a recipe that combines the basic ingredients of clinical research with novel analytical tools to create a new diagnostic test.

In the test kitchen, we understood that the most important ingredient is the unmet clinical need. Having made the decision to develop a test for ovarian cancer, we discussed with clinicians what they felt were the most pressing needs in this field. Our initial instinct was to pursue ovarian cancer screening, but in our conversations with key opinion leaders, including Ian Jacobs (University College London), Bob Bast (MD Anderson), and Daniel Chan (Johns Hopkins University), we came to understand that because of the low prevalence of ovarian cancer, development of a screening test would require large studies that would exceed our budget and time constraints. Additionally, because a positive initial result in a screening test would likely lead to pelvic surgery, the test would demand a level of clinical specificity that we were unlikely to achieve. Our colleagues, however, identified a critical unmet need in the area of ovarian tumor triage. Although ovarian tumors are relatively common, only a fraction of them are malignant. Being able to identify the malignant ones preoperatively would permit better preoperative management of women with ovarian tumors. In particular, women with a high likelihood of malignancy could benefit from referral to specialist surgeons (e.g., gynecologic oncologists), who would be able to perform debulking and staging surgeries that form the basis of optimal care for ovarian cancer (1).

Having identified the clinical question, we found …
Bidirectional breadth-first algorithms for the decoding of convolutional codes (1993)

Bidirectional multiple-path tree searching algorithms for the decoding of convolutional codes are presented. These suboptimal coding algorithms use a multiple-path breadth-first bidirectional tree exploration procedure and long-memory convolution codes. It is shown that, compared to the usual M-algorithm, the bidirectional exploration considerably reduces the bit error propagation due to correct path loss. Computer simulations using rate-1/2 codes over binary symmetric channels are used to analyze the effect of the number of path extensions, code memory, and frame length on the bit error probability. The results show that with a bit error probability of 10/sup -5/, coding gains on the order of 2 dB over the M-algorithm and 1 dB over a Viterbi decoder of equivalent complexity can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Continuous production of sugars from pyrolysis of acid-infused lignocellulosic biomass (2014)

Although pyrolysis of carbohydrate-rich biomass should theoretically yield large amounts of sugar, the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in most biomass prevents this from happening.
Correlating Echinocandin MIC and Kinetic Inhibition of <i>fks1</i> Mutant Glucan Synthases for <i>Candida albicans</i> : Implications for Interpretive Breakpoints (2008)

A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
The Econometric Model (1981)

The aim of this chapter is to formulate and test a large-scale, multisectoral, econometric model for the UK in order to apply the results of the stochastic optimal control techniques developed earlier. Our final purpose is to formulate an investment plan for the UK economy, together with a price- wage plan to regulate the economy. The purpose of the model should determine its basic structure. Therefore, because it is intended for a planned economy, the structure should not reflect an aggregative, Keynesian, expenditure-type model, where the major emphasis is on the financial and expenditure aspects of the economy. In order for the plan to be meaningful, the model should be multisectoral. Again, as our purpose is to apply a control technique to solve the energy problem, the major emphasis must be on the energy sector of the economy. It is also desirable that the model have a dynamic structure that is reasonably non-controversial, i.e. that falls into line with either Keynesian or post-Keynesian theory. We have adopted a structure which is not Keynesian, for the reason noted above, but which represents a world where major emphasis is on the real sector of the economy. Our main purpose is physical planning, thus, except for prices and wages, we have ignored the monetary and fiscal aspects of planning. To set the monetary and fiscal instruments to attain the physical plan is a research task in itself, and beyond the scope of our present study.KeywordsProduction FunctionEconometric ModelFactor DemandNuclear Fuel CycleFast Breeder ReactorThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Non-linear programming and the maximum principle for discrete time optimal control problems (1975)

accord avec les conditions gnrales d'utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/ legal.php). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systmatique est constitutive d'une infraction pnale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la prsente mention de copyright.
A Process View of Consciousness and the 'Self': Integrating a Sense of Connectedness With a Sense of Agency (1992)

(1992). A Process View of Consciousness and the 'Self': Integrating a Sense of Connectedness With a Sense of Agency. Psychological Inquiry: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 29-32.
STAT5 activation by human GH protects insulin-producing cells against interleukin-1β, interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis independent of nitric oxide production (2005)

The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are toxic to pancreatic beta-cells and are implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. We have previously found that GH and prolactin (PRL) stimulate both proliferation and insulin production in pancreatic beta-cells and rat insulin-producing INS-1 cells. Here we report that human (h) GH can prevent the apoptotic effects of IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in INS-1 and INS-1E cells. Using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, we found that the anti-apoptotic effect of hGH is abrogated by expression of a dominant negative signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5) mutant in INS-1E cells. hGH and the cytotoxic cytokines was found to additively increase suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 mRNA expression after 4 h of exposure. In order to identify possible targets for the STAT5-mediated protection of INS-1E cells, we studied the effect of hGH on activation of the transcription factors STAT1 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by IFN-gamma and IL-1beta+TNF-alpha respectively. Gel retardation experiments showed that hGH affects neither IFN-gamma+TNF-alpha-induced STAT1 DNA binding nor IL-1beta and IFN-gamma+TNF-alpha-induced NFkappaB DNA binding. The lack of influence of hGH on cytokine-mediated activation of STAT1 and NFkappaB is in accordance with the finding that hGH had only a minor effect on cytokine-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and in fact augmented the IL-1beta-stimulated nitric oxide production. As the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL gene has been shown to harbour a STAT5-binding element we measured the expression of Bcl-xL as well as the pro-apoptotic Bax. We found that hGH increased the Bcl-xL/Bax ratio both in the absence and in the presence of cytotoxic cytokines. In conclusion, these results suggested that GH and PRL protect beta-cells against cytotoxic cytokines via STAT5-dependent mechanisms distal to iNOS activation possibly at the level of Bcl-xL.
Unusual Death Attributed to the Combined Effects of Chloral Hydrate, Lidocaine, and Nitrous Oxide (1998)

A case in which the death of a 2-year-old male child was the result of an acute intoxication with chloral hydrate, lidocaine, and nitrous oxide is presented. Trichloroethanol (TCE), the primary metabolite of chloral hydrate, was qualitatively detected by the Fujiwara reaction. Quantitation of TCE was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with the following results: plasma, 79.0 mg/L; urine, 31.0 mg/L; gastric contents, 454.0 mg/L; bile, 111.0 mg/L; vitreous, 40.2 mg/L; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 68.3 mg/L; and liver, 164 mg/kg. Lidocaine was quantitated by GC analysis using nitrogen-phosphorus detection with the following results: plasma, 11.9 mg/L; urine, 3.7 mg/L; gastric contents, 15.3 mg/L; bile, 19.0 mg/L; vitreous, 17.8 mg/L; CSF, 9.4 mg/L; and liver, 19.0 mg/kg. Nitrous oxide was quantitated in the blood with a value of 4.4 mL/L.
The Design and Use of Squeezable Computers: An Exploration of Manipulative User Interfaces (1998)

This paper reports on the design and use of tactile user interfaces embedded within or wrapped around the devices that they control. We discuss three different interaction prototypes which we built. These interfaces were embedded onto two handheld devices of dramatically different form factors. We describe the design and implementation challenges, and user feedback and reactions to these prototypes. Implications for future design in the area of manipulative or haptic user interfaces are highlighted. KEYWORDS: physical UIs, tactile UIs, haptic UIs, evaluation, pressure sensors, user interface design, interaction technology. INTRODUCTION Over the past 5 years there has been increasing interest in augmented reality and physically--based user interfaces [4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17]. A goal of these emerging projects is to seamlessly blend the affordances and strengths of physically manipulatable objects with virtual environments or artifacts, thereby leveraging the particular stren...
외성 간의 대위법적 관계를 통해 살펴본 서구음악의 분열적 양극성 (2011)

서구 고전주의 시대의 음악에서 외성 간에 나타나는 대위법적 관계는 작곡가의 무의식에 남아 있는 감각에 의한 것이며, 화성법 속에 잔존하는 전 시대의 흔적으로서 음악 기법의 진화의 역사를 보여준다. 불완전 협화음정이 가지는 유동적 성격과 완전 협화음정이 가지는 안정적 성격을 구별하는 고전적 감각은 프레이즈를 구성함에 있어 특정한 유형의 외성이 즐겨 사용되는 결과를 낳았다. 본 연구에서는 그러한 유형을 상행형과 하행형으로 구분하여 바로크에서 오늘날의 대중음악에 이르기까지 그 사례들을 모아 보았다. 또, 고전 시대의 일부 음악과 현대 대중음악과 재즈 등에서는 외성 간의 대위법적 관계가 부재하는 경우가 있는데, 이런 경우를 자세히 세분하여 살펴봄으로써 비서구적 음악의 특성에 대한 고찰로 연결시켜 보았다. 결국 여기서 우리는 서구음악 특유의 대위법적 태도의 본질이 무엇인지를 철학적으로 규명하지 않을 수 없으며, 20세기 과학과 맥을 같이하는 유기체 철학의 입장에서 그 잠재적 위험성, 즉 서양음악에 내재하는 분열적 성격을 발견하게 된다. 국악이나 다른 단선율 음악의 필수 요소인 농현과 비브라토 등의 표현 기법은 유기체 철학의 관점에서 매우 중요한 음악의 내용으로서 이해되어야 하며, 이러한 의미에서 재즈는 민속적 표현 기법과 서구적 대위법이 혼합된 유기체적 대위법이라는 신개념으로 이해할 수 있게 된다.
Continuous Gas (CO<sub>2</sub>) Stripping to Remove Volatiles from an Alcoholic Beverage (1995)

AbstractTower fermentors have been designed such that naturally evolved CO2 can be recirculated for continuous extraction of ethanol and other volatiles from beverage fermentation. Volatiles carried over in the gas stream are recovered by condensation at −4°C This has been demonstrated to be a potential ethanol-removal procedure for production of reduced alcohol cider (apple-based) beverages. Other volatiles isolated from the fermented fruit-based medium may be returned to the broth, but they are also a potentially important source of naturally produced flavor and aroma compounds, useful to drug, food, and other industries. Stripping also modifies the total quantities (medium plus condensate) of ethanol, isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol, and ethyl acetate. The exact impact (net increase or decrease), depends on fermentation temperature and original gravity. The fermentation period for ciders is long (up to 21 days), and stripping caused an increase in the dissolved CO2 level and decreased media pH, but the progressive removal of water from the fermenter (15% of initial volume at 25° C) did not appear to place osmotic stress on the yeast.ResumenLos fermentadores de torre han sido diseñados de forma tal que el CO2 producido naturalmente pueda ser recirculado para la extracción continua de etanol y otros volátiles en una fermentación. Los volátiles acarreados en el vapor de gas son recuperados por condensación a −4°C. Esto ha demostrado ser un procedimiento potencial de remoción del etanol para la producción de bebidas de sidra (manzana como base) con bajo contenido alcohólico. Otros volátiles aislados del medio fermentado basado en fruta podrían ser regresados al medio, pero son también una fuente potencialmente importante de compuestos de sabor y aroma producidos naturalmente, útiles para las industrias de drogas, alimentos y otras. El desplazamiento también ha mostrado modificar las cantidades totales (el medio más el condensado) de etanol, isobutanol, alcohol isoamílico y acetato de etilo. El impacto exacto (incremento neto o decremento), es dependiente de la temperatura de fermentación y la gravedad original. El período de fermentación para las sidras es largo (hasta 21 días), y el desplazamiento causó un incremento en el CO2 disuelto y descenso en el pH de los medios, pero la remoción progresiva del agua del fermentador (15% de votumen inicial a 25° C) no causó "stress" osmótico sobre la levadura.KeywordsCarbon dioxideEthanol extractionStrippingVolatiles
Variation in Crop Response to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors (1994)

Tolerance of nine plant species to diphenyl ether (DPE) herbicides oxyfluorfen and chlomethoxyfen were tested in vivo. There was considerable variation in tolerance to the herbicides between the species. Although both herbicides cause photodynamic damage as a result of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) inhibition, resulting in abnormally high levels of protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX) accumulation, there is little information on the reasons for differential interspecific tolerance to the herbicides. We compare uptake, movement and metabolism, Proto IX accumulation in vivo, Protox inhibition in vitro, and activities of antioxidative systems between the species to investigate the physiological basis of differential tolerance to two diphenyl ethers. Our findings suggest that differential tolerance of the species examined in this study is mainly due to differences in rates of herbicides absorption, Proto IX accumulation, and intrinsic antioxidative activity.
Additives in fibers and fabrics. (1975)

The additives and contaminants which occur in textile fibers vary widely, depending on the type of fiber and the pretreatment which it has received. Synthetic fibers such as nylon and polyester contain trace amounts of contaminants such as catalysts and catalyst deactivators which remain after the synthesis of the basic polymers. In addition, there are frequently a number of materials which are added to perform specific functions in almost all man-made fibers. Examples of these would include traces of metals or metal salts used as tracers for identification of specific lots of fiber, TiO2 or similar materials added as delustrants, and a host of organic species added for such special purposes as antistatic agents or flame retardants. There may also be considerable quantities of residual monomer or small oligomers dissolved in the polymer matrix. The situation becomes even more complex after the fibers are converted into fabric form. Numerous materials are applied at various stages of fabric preparation to act as lubricants, sizing agents, antistats, bleaches, and wetting agents to facilitate the processing, but these are normally removed before the fabric reaches the cutters of the ultimate consumers and therefore usually do not constitute potential hazards. However, there are many other chemical agents which are frequently added during the later stages of fabric preparation and which are not designed to be removed. Aside from dyes and printing pigments, the most common additive for apparel fabrics is a durable press treatment. This generally involves the use of materials capable of crosslinking cellulosics by reacting through such functions as N-methylolated amides or related compounds such as ureas and carbamates. These materials pose some potential hazards due to both the nitrogenous bases and the formaldehyde which they usually release. There is usually also some residual catalyst in fabrics which have received such treatments. Other types of chemical treatments which are often applied to fabrics to achieve special effects include flame retardants, soil release agents, antistatic agents, softeners, water and/or oil repellents, ultraviolet absorbers, bacteriostats, and fungistats.
Novel Electromyographic Monitoring Technique for Prevention of Right Phrenic Nerve Palsy During Cryoballoon Ablation (2013)

Recording of diaphragmatic CMAP using a catheter positioned in a subdiaphragmatic hepatic vein seems feasible during cryoballoon ablation. Electromyography-guided PN monitoring seems safe and potentially helpful for prevention of PNP.
Recent Developments in Aviation Law (1977)

Questions of coverage in aviation insurance are considered along with the discovery rule in connection with the statue of limitations. Attention is also given to the negligence law and damages, the principle of strict liability, the primary jurisdiction of regulatory agencies, aspects of air carrier liability, decisions involving a rigid application of use taxes on aircraft owners, and airport zoning and environmental regulation. Statutory and administrative developments are examined, taking into account the new traffic management system adopted by the FAA, noise level standards for turboject-engine powered aircraft and large propeller-driven aircraft, the Civil Aeronautics Board Air Freight Liability and Claims Rules, and the signing into law of the Airport and Airway Development Act Amendment of 1976.
Intravitreal hyaluronic acid injection. A long-term clinical evaluation. (1975)

Healon-H was used in the treatment of seven cases of complicated retinal detachment. A permanent re-attachment was achieved in two cases. No serious ocular complications have been encountered after a follow-up of 4 1/2 years.
Executive Function and Theory of Mind: Stability and Prediction From Ages 2 to 3. (2004)

Several studies have demonstrated a relation between executive functioning (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) in preschoolers, yet the developmental course of this relation remains unknown. Longitudinal stability and EF-ToM relations were examined in 81 children at 24 and 39 months. At Time 1, EF was unrelated to behavioral measures of ToM but was significantly related to parent report of children's internal-state language, independent of vocabulary size. At Time 2, behavioral batteries of EF and ToM were significantly related (r=.50, p<.01). Furthermore, EF (Time 1) significantly predicted ToM (Time 2), independent of several controls. A reciprocal relation (internal-state language --> EF at Time 2) was nonsignificant with the controls included. Individual differences in EF were relatively stable.
991. Triazoles. Part VII. Syntheses of substituted 1,2,4-triazoles (1962)

E. J. Browne and J. B. Polya, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 5149 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620005149