gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Risk Is Associated with the Genes Encoding the DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 Complex (2007)

The evolutionarily conserved Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, consisting of proteins encoded by the genes Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1, was recently shown to play a crucial role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by recruiting the nuclear protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated to DSB sites, leading to activation of this DNA repair network. Given the fact that carriers of defective mutation and polymorphic variants of ataxia telangiectasia mutated are at higher risk of developing breast cancer, we hypothesized a role of the MRN genes in determining breast cancer susceptibility. This hypothesis was examined both in a case control study of 559 breast cancer patients and 1,125 healthy women of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1 and by the in vivo detection of binding between Mre11 and BRCA1, encoded by the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. We were also interested in defining whether any association between MRN genes and breast cancer was modified by reproductive risk factors reflecting the level of estrogen exposure or susceptibility to estrogen exposure, as estrogen is known to initiate breast cancer development due to its metabolites causing DSB formation. Support for the hypothesis came from the observations that (a) one single-nucleotide polymorphism in Nbs1 was significantly associated with breast cancer risk, and a trend toward an increased risk of developing breast cancer was found in women harboring a greater number of putative high-risk genotypes of MRN genes (an adjusted odds ratio of 1.25 for each additional putative high-risk genotype; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.44); (b) this association between risk and the number of putative high-risk genotypes was stronger and more significant in women thought to be more susceptible to estrogen, i.e., those with no history of full-term pregnancy, those older (>or=26 years of age) at first full-term pregnancy, or those having had fewer (<2) full-term pregnancies; the risk effect conferred by harboring a higher number of high-risk genotypes of MRN genes was more significant in women without a history of breast feeding; and (c) Mre11 and BRCA1 were shown to form a complex in vivo, and this interaction was increased by irradiation. This study supports the role of the MRN pathway in breast cancer development, further strengthening the suggestion that mechanisms regulating DSB repair may play a mutator role driving breast cancer pathogenesis.
Deubiquitinating Enzyme Specificity for Ubiquitin Chain Topology Profiled by Di-Ubiquitin Activity Probes (2013)

Posttranslational modification with ubiquitin (Ub) controls many cellular processes, and aberrant ubiquitination can contribute to cancer, immunopathology, and neurodegeneration. The versatility arises from the ability of Ub to form polymer chains with eight distinct linkages via lysine side chains and the N terminus. In this study, we engineered Di-Ub probes mimicking all eight different poly-Ub linkages and profiled the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) selectivity for recognizing Di-Ub moieties in cellular extracts. Mass spectrometric profiling revealed that most DUBs examined have broad selectivity, whereas a subset displays a clear preference for recognizing noncanonical over K48/K63 Ub linkages. Our results expand knowledge of Ub processing enzyme functions in cellular contexts that currently depends largely on using recombinant enzymes and substrates.
HYPERGLYCEMIA FOLLOWING HEAD INJURIES AN EXPERIMENTAL CLINICAL STUDY (1929)

Chicago, ILL. FROM THE DEPARTMENTS OF SURGERY AND PHYSIOLOGY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL. SCHOOL AND ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL
MSIT No’Kmaq: An Indigenous framework for understanding children’s social emotional attachment (2020)

MSIT No’Kmaq is a core Indigenous philosophy that understands life as a broad series of interconnectedness.  This article highlights principles of MSIT No’Kmaq in order to understand the philosophy as an Indigenous framework for understanding children’s social emotional development.  MSIT No’Kmaq is explored in the context of the contemporary social issues that Indigenous families face, and implications on implementing MSIT No’Kmaq as a framework for promoting healthy social emotional outcomes for children are explored.
Evaluation of visual tracking in extremely low frame rate wide area motion imagery (2011)

Abstract- Visual tracking in wide area motion imagery (WAMI) is an important problem in security related tasks. The extremely low frame rate and the large camera motion in such videos, however, introduce challenging constraints that distinguish the task from traditional image tracking. In this study we evaluate the performance of several state-of-the-art visual trackers on the wide area surveillance videos. Specifically, we compare five visual trackers on sequences selected from the Columbus Large Image Format (CLIF) dataset for the vehicle tracking task. The experiments are conducted in two configurations: one with background registration to compensate for camera motion, and the other without. We evaluate the tracking performances both qualitatively and quantitatively. The experimental results show that (1) traditional visual trackers meet problems in the wide area surveillance videos and (2) background registration helps enhance the tracking performances, although there exists needed improvement for operational robust performance. We expect the visual tracking evaluation on low-frame rate wide area surveillance videos to motivate future research to addresses the related challenges and provide annotated images for benchmark purposes.
Detection, Pathogenesis, and Prevention of Damage to Human Granulocytes Caused by Interaction with Nylon Wool Fiber (1977)

Granulocytes collected by reversible adhesion to nylon wool fiber (NWF) function relatively well in standard in vitro tests; however, they have an abnormally shortened survival time in the circulation. Assuming that this rapid disappearance represents clearance and that recognition by phagocytes is important for such clearance, we used an autologous in vitro cell:cell recognition assay to determine whether phagocytes can detect cellular changes induced by exposure of normal granulocytes to NWF. Human granulocytes incubated with NWF 1 h at 37 degrees C, eluted with 20% acid citrate dextrose plasma, and washed stimulated the hexose monophosphate shunt activity of normal granulocytes an average of twofold (193+/-40% of controls), indicating a recognition response. NWF-induced granulocyte recognition was not dependent on plasma factors or activated complement components but was dependent on the time that the granulocyte was on the NWF and was maximal by 60 min of exposure. After elution from NWF, granulocytes demonstrated resting glucose oxidation rates only slightly higher than normal; however, during the first 20 min of exposure to NWF, granulocytes increased their rate of (14)CO(2) production from [1-(14)C]glucose three- to five-fold. Therefore, experiments were performed to determine whether toxic oxygen metabolites produced by NWF-adherent cells might contribute to recognition. The results showed that (a) normal granulocytes exposed to NWF in the presence of scavengers of superoxide anion (superoxide dismutase) or free radicals (ascorbate, mannitol, or benzoate) and washed before assay did not stimulate glucose oxidation of indicator granulocytes; and (b) NWF granulocytes prepared from cells unable to generate high levels of toxic oxygen metabolites, i.e. cells prepared anaerobically or from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease, also failed to stimulate indicator granulocytes. Human granulocytes placed in contact with NWF show an oxidative burst and become recognizable to other phagocytes. Free radical scavengers are effective in minimizing this recognition conferred on NWF-procured granulocytes.
Synthesis of Indolines by Copper-Mediated Intramolecular Aromatic C–H Amination (2015)

A Cu(OAc)2-mediated intramolecular aromatic C-H amination proceeds with the aid of a picolinamide-type bidentate coordination group to deliver the corresponding indolines in good yields. The reaction occurs smoothly even under noble-metal-free conditions, and in some cases the use of an MnO2 terminal oxidant renders the process catalytic in Cu. The mild oxidation aptitude of Cu(OAc)2 and/or MnO2 accommodates the formation of electron-rich thiophene- and indole-fused indoline analogues. The Cu-based system can provide an effective approach to various indolines of potent interest in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry.
Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic responses to normal and obstructed breathing during sleep (1997)

We examined the hemodynamic responses to normal breathing and induced upper airway obstructions during sleep in a canine model of obstructive sleep apnea. During normal breathing, cardiac output decreased (12.9 +/- 3.5%, P < 0.025) from wakefulness to non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREM) but did not change from NREM to rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. There was a decrease (P < 0.05) in systemic (7.2 +/- 2.1 mmHg) and pulmonary (2.0 +/- 0.6 mmHg) arterial pressures from wakefulness to NREM sleep. In contrast, systemic (8.1 +/- 1.0 mmHg, P < 0.025), but not pulmonary, arterial pressures decreased from NREM to REM sleep. During repetitive airway obstructions (56.0 +/- 4.7 events/h) in NREM sleep, cardiac output (17.9 +/- 3.1%) and heart rate (16.2 +/- 2.5%) increased (P < 0.05), without a change in stroke volume, compared with normal breathing during NREM sleep. During single obstructive events, left (7.8 +/- 3.0%, P < 0.05) and right (7.1 +/- 0.7%, P < 0.01) ventricular outputs decreased during the apneic period. However, left (20.7 +/- 1.6%, P < 0.01) and right (24.0 +/- 4.2%, P < 0.05) ventricular outputs increased in the post-apneic period because of an increase in heart rate. Thus 1) the systemic, but not the pulmonary, circulation vasodilates during REM sleep with normal breathing; 2) heart rate, rather than stroke volume, is the dominant factor modulating ventricular output in response to apnea; and 3) left and right ventricular outputs oscillate markedly and in phase throughout the apnea cycle.
Goniometer-based femtosecond crystallography with X-ray free electron lasers (2014)

The emerging method of femtosecond crystallography (FX) may extend the diffraction resolution accessible from small radiation-sensitive crystals and provides a means to determine catalytically accurate structures of acutely radiation-sensitive metalloenzymes. Automated goniometer-based instrumentation developed for use at the Linac Coherent Light Source enabled efficient and flexible FX experiments to be performed on a variety of sample types. In the case of rod-shaped Cpl hydrogenase crystals, only five crystals and about 30 min of beam time were used to obtain the 125 still diffraction patterns used to produce a 1.6-Å resolution electron density map. For smaller crystals, high-density grids were used to increase sample throughput; 930 myoglobin crystals mounted at random orientation inside 32 grids were exposed, demonstrating the utility of this approach. Screening results from cryocooled crystals of β2-adrenoreceptor and an RNA polymerase II complex indicate the potential to extend the diffraction resolution obtainable from very radiation-sensitive samples beyond that possible with undulator-based synchrotron sources.
Graphene‐Based Nafion Nanocomposite Membranes: Enhanced Proton Transport and Water Retention by Novel Organo‐functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanosheets (2012)

Novel nanostructured organo-modified layered materials based on graphene oxide carrying various hydrophilic functional groups (-NH(2), -OH, -SO(3)H) are prepared and tested as nanofillers for the creation of innovative graphene-based Nafion nanocomposites. The hybrid membranes are characterized by a combination of analytical techniques, which show that highly homogeneous exfoliated nanocomposites are created. The pulsed field gradient NMR technique is used to measure the water self-diffusion coefficients. Remarkable behavior at temperatures up to 140 °C is observed for some composite membranes, thereby verifying the exceptional water retention property of these materials. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows that hybrid membranes are much stiffer and can withstand higher temperatures than pure Nafion.
A codesign approach for safety-critical automotive applications (1998)

This complex, bus-based air bag ignition system for automobiles demonstrates an effective way to design embedded fault-tolerant applications.
Dorsomedial hypothalamic sites where disinhibition evokes tachycardia correlate with location of raphe-projecting neurons (2004)

Disinhibition of neurons in the region of the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) elicits sympathetically mediated tachycardia in rats through activation of the brain stem raphe pallidus (RP), and this same mechanism appears to be largely responsible for the increases in heart rate (HR) seen in air jet stress in this species. Neurons projecting to the RP from the DMH are said to be concentrated in a specific subregion, the dorsal hypothalamic area (DA). Here, we examined the hypothesis that the location of RP-projecting neurons in the DA correspond to the sites at which microinjection of bicuculline methiodide (BMI) evokes the greatest increases in HR. To determine the distribution of RP-projecting neurons in the DA, cholera toxin B was injected in the RP in four rats. A consistent pattern of retrograde labeling was seen in every rat. In the hypothalamus, RP-projecting neurons were most heavily concentrated midway between the mammillothalamic tract and the dorsal tip of the third ventricle dorsal to the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus approximately 3.30 mm caudal to bregma. In a second series of experiments, the HR response to microinjections of BMI (2 pmol/5 nl; n = 76) was mapped at sites in the DA and surrounding areas in 22 urethane-anesthetized rats. All injection sites were located from 2.56 to 4.16 mm posterior to bregma, and the microinjections that evoked the largest increase in HR (i.e., >100 beats/min in some instances) were located in a region where RP-projecting neurons were most densely concentrated. Thus RP-projecting neurons in the DA may mediate DMH-induced tachycardia and thus play a role in stress-induced cardiac stimulation.
Thermal stability and oxidation resistance of HDDR processed Sm-Fe-Ti-B-N bonded magnets (1999)

Thermal stability of HDDR processed Sm-Fe-Ti-B-N bonded magnets is investigated in comparison with HDDR processed Sm-Fe-N bonded magnets. Temperature coefficients of Br and iHc of Sm-Fe-Ti-B-N bonded magnet are -0.06%//spl deg/C and -0.43%//spl deg/C, respectively, in the temperature range of 25 to 100/spl deg/C range. Irreversible loss of Sm-Fe-Ti-B-N bonded magnet at 100/spl deg/C is -2.1% and -2.5% respectively after exposure for 2 hrs and 300 hrs. This irreversible loss of Sm-Fe-Ti-B-N is lower than that of Sm-Fe-N which has coercivity 16 kOe. The corrosion resistance of Sm-Fe-Ti-B-N powder is evaluated by measuring increase in oxygen content after exposure at 120/spl deg/C. It is compared with Sm-Fe-N and Nd-Fe-Co-B powders. Sm-Fe-Ti-B-N powder shows slight increase in oxygen content after exposure at 120/spl deg/C in air for 300 hrs. It is also found to have good thermal stability and corrosion resistance.
Complex Embeddings for Simple Link Prediction (2016)

In statistical relational learning, the link prediction problem is key to automatically understand the structure of large knowledge bases. As in previous studies, we propose to solve this problem through latent factorization. However, here we make use of complex valued embeddings. The composition of complex embeddings can handle a large variety of binary relations, among them symmetric and antisymmetric relations. Compared to state-of-the-art models such as Neural Tensor Network and Holographic Embeddings, our approach based on complex embeddings is arguably simpler, as it only uses the Hermitian dot product, the complex counterpart of the standard dot product between real vectors. Our approach is scalable to large datasets as it remains linear in both space and time, while consistently outperforming alternative approaches on standard link prediction benchmarks.
MEMOIR OF THE PUBLIC SERVICES OF THE LATE CAPTAIN JOHN STEWART, R.N. COMMANDER OF H.M.S. SEAHORSE (2010)

“Peace to each manly Soul that sleepeth!Rest to each faithful eye that weepeth!Long may the fair and braveSigh o'er the Hero's grave.”(Anacreon Moore.)
A Biomechanical Study of Achilles Tendon Repair Augmentation Using GraftJacket Matrix (2008)

These findings suggest that a GraftJacket augmented Achilles tendon repair could acutely withstand a more aggressive rehabilitation program, potentially decreasing ankle stiffness and allowing earlier return to full activities.
Impact of mass ratio and bandwidth on apparent damping of a harmonic oscillator with subordinate oscillator array (2013)

The response of a lightly damped resonator with a set of substantially less massive attached oscillators has been studied. The collection of attached oscillators is known as a subordinate oscillator array (SOA). An SOA can function as an energy sink, extracting vibration energy from the primary mass and thus adding apparent damping to the system. We have shown that the limit of apparent damping achievable for this class of system is the inverse of non-dimensional bandwidth (ratio of the bandwidth to the fundamental frequency of the primary oscillator). In practice, the utility of this result is limited because a great deal of mass (~25% of primary) is required to approach critical damping. The mass of the subordinate set required to achieve the most rapid energy transfer from the primary is proportional to the non-dimensional bandwidth squared. Low apparent Q is achieved by increasing non-dimensional bandwidth. The presentation will describe numerical optimizations that investigate the impact of the SOA bandwidth, the mass ratio (the ratio of the total mass of the SOA to the mass of the primary structure) and the apparent damping of the system.
Charge-coupled devices with submicron gaps (1981)

The fabrication of two-phase buried channel charge-coupled devices with 100 transfer electrodes is described. The gate electrodes were constructed using only one level of polysilicon and with interelectrode gaps of approximately 0.5 µm. The edge etch technique was employed to provide 750 Å wide windows to the polysilicon layer and then etching the polysilicon structure through these windows to produce submicron gaps. The use of the device as an analog delay line was demonstrated with a typical transfer efficiency of 0.99992 at 5 MHz.
Volumetric segmentation using active ray tracing and texture analysis (2002)

In 3D medical imaging, active ray tracing allows rapid visualization of a selected numerical volume but does not give the volumetric segmentation. Combined active ray tracing and texture analysis overcomes this problem. The computation and classification of the "feature vectors" of texture associated with each point of the data subsets lead to a good visualization together with the volumetric segmentation necessary for constructing geometrical models of anatomical structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2-D mesh tracking for synthetic transfiguration (2002)

Synthetic object transfiguration is the problem of replacing an existing object in an image sequence with a new one via digital post-processing. Successful transfiguration requires accurate tracking of both motion and intensity variations of the existing object so that the new object can be rendered in exactly the same way. We propose a 2-D mesh tracking method that estimates, on a local basis, the motion and intensity variations of a region of interest. The proposed method is capable of accounting for illumination changes, tracking image regions corresponding to scene objects with non-planar and/or mildly deforming surfaces, and is shown to be effective in real-life situations.
Stem cell mobilization versus stem cell homing: potential role for parathyroid hormone? (2007)

Stem cells are considered as potential candidates to regenerate the injured myocardium. It has been shown that stem cells are able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, as recently reviewed.2 It is still an open question, however, whether such myocytes contribute to the functional recovery of the post-infarcted heart. This process is limited by the small number of cells that differentiate into cardiomyocytes, the limited coupling of pre-existing cardiomyocytes to these newly formed myocytes, and the question whether the overall increases in ejection fractions indeed depend on the amount of cardiomyocytes newly formed by stem cells. A specific pattern of matrix proteins may be expressed by these cells, they may mediate anti-apoptotic effects, or they may improve vascularization independent of a possible differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Such effects may be modified by stem cells acting in a paracrine manner. Irrespective of these open questions, research is ongoing to develop treatment protocols that increase the number of systemic stem cells that home to the injured myocardium.3,4

Zaruba et al. 1 used a novel and innovative approach to improve the homing of bone marrow-derived stem cells, as described in their article in the current issue of Cardiovascular Research . They tried to improve bone marrow-derived stem cell mobilization by application of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which affects … 

*Corresponding author. Tel. +49 641 99 47222; fax +49 641 99 47239. E-mail address : klaus-dieter.schlueter{at}physiologie.med.uni-giessen.de
The Clinical Diagnosis of Gastritis (1984)

Patients with a clinical diagnosis of ‘gastritis’ or non-ulcer dyspepsia were studied as to the extent and pattern of drugs prescribed from October 1978 through September 1981. This was permitted by the Diagnosis and Therapy Survey, an ongoing nationwide sample study, covering all outpatient care in Sweden. In 98% of the consultations a drug was considered to be indicated. Antacids were prescribed in 76%, an anticholinergic drug in 40%, and a histamine-H2-receptor antagonist (Cimetidine) in 3%. The latter figure seemed to increase during the 3-year study period, concomitant with a decrease in the prescription rate of anticholinergic drugs. Gastritis was the major indication not only for antacids and anticholinergic drugs but also for Cimetidine, accounting for 35% of all Cimetidine prescriptions. Total sales of these drugs in 1981 amounted to about SKR 150 million. Antacids comprised 57%, anticholinergic/ spasmolytics 22%, and Cimetidine 21% of this amount. The extensive drug use is remarkable considering the lack of convincing data from randomized controlled clinical trials supporting a therapeutic effect of any drug regimen in gastritis. More such trials in well-defined patient groups are therefore greatly needed.