gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mild Exercise Training on Glucose Effectiveness in Healthy Men (2001)

Mild exercise training at LT improves S(G) in healthy men with no change in the body composition. Improving not only S(I) but also S(G) through mild exercise training is thus considered to be an effective method for preventing glucose intolerance.
High differential resistance type-II InAs∕GaSb superlattice photodiodes for the long-wavelength infrared (2006)

Type-II InAs∕GaSb superlattice photodiodes with a 50% cutoff wavelength ranging from 11to13μm are presented. Optimization of diffusion limited photodiodes provided superlattice structures for improved injection efficiency in direct injection hybrid focal plane array applications. Photodiodes with a cutoff wavelength of 12.9μm exhibit an R0A of ∼7Ωcm2 and a Johnson-limited detectivity of 4.03×1010cmHz1∕2W−1 operating at 77K. Quantum efficiency measurements indicate minority carrier diffusion lengths exceeding 3μm.
A Batched Multi-Armed Bandit Approach to News Headline Testing (2019)

Optimizing news headlines is important for publishers and media sites. A compelling headline will increase readership, user engagement and social shares. At Yahoo Front Page, headline testing is carried out using a test-rollout strategy: we first allocate equal proportion of the traffic to each headline variation for a defined testing period, and then shift all future traffic to the best-performing variation. In this paper, we introduce a multi-armed bandit (MAB) approach with batched Thompson Sampling (bTS) to dynamically test headlines for news articles. This method is able to gradually allocate traffic towards optimal headlines while testing. We evaluate the bTS method based on empirical impressions/clicks data and simulated user responses. The result shows that the bTS method is robust, converges accurately and quickly to the optimal headline, and outperforms the test-rollout strategy by 3.69% in terms of clicks.
Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) via a Converging Plasmin/Stromelysin-1 Cascade Enhances Tumor Cell Invasion (1999)

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may play a critical catalytic role in tissue remodeling in vivo, but it is secreted by cells as a stable, inactive zymogen, pro-MMP-9, and requires activation for catalytic function. A number of proteolytic enzymes activate pro-MMP-9 in vitro, but the natural activator(s) of MMP-9 is unknown. To examine MMP-9 activation in a cellular setting we employed cultures of human tumor cells (MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells) that were induced to produce MMP-9 over a 200-fold concentration range (0.03-8.1 nM). The levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) in the induced cultures remain relatively constant at 1-4 nM. Quantitation of the zymogen/active enzyme status of MMP-9 in the MDA-MB-231 cultures indicates that even in the presence of potential activators, the molar ratio of endogenous MMP-9 to TIMP dictates whether pro-MMP-9 activation can progress. When the MMP-9/TIMP ratio exceeds 1.0, MMP-9 activation progresses, but through an interacting protease cascade involving plasmin and stromelysin 1 (MMP-3). Plasmin, generated by the endogenous urokinase-type plasminogen activator, is not an efficient activator of pro-MMP-9, neither the secreted pro-MMP-9 nor the very low levels of pro-MMP-9 associated with intact cells. Although plasmin can proteolytically process pro-MMP-9, this limited action does not yield an enzymatically active MMP-9, nor does it cause the MMP-9 to be more susceptible to activation. Plasmin, however, is very efficient at generating active MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) from exogenously added pro-MMP-3. The activated MMP-3 becomes a potent activator of the 92-kDa pro-MMP-9, yielding an 82-kDa species that is enzymatically active in solution and represents up to 50-75% conversion of the zymogen. The activated MMP-9 enhances the invasive phenotype of the cultured cells as their ability to both degrade extracellular matrix and transverse basement membrane is significantly increased following zymogen activation. That this enhanced tissue remodelling capability is due to the activation of MMP-9 is demonstrated through the use of a specific anti-MMP-9 blocking monoclonal antibody.
Post-infectious disease syndrome (1988)

Many post-infectious syndromes have been recognized in the last 50 years, some following viral infections and others closely related to bacterial disease. The occurrence of prolonged fatigue following an apparent viral illness of varying severity is also well documented. The lack of a recognizable precipitating cause and the tendency for epidemic fatigue to occur among hospital staff led many to believe that the illness may be psychogenic in origin. However, there is serological evidence that some cases may follow enterovirus infections or occasionally delayed convalescence from infectious mononucleosis. Much interesting work is currently in progress relating fatigue to persisting immunological abnormalities, and the development of molecular immunology makes this a most exciting field of research. This paper reviews the evidence for and against a definitive post-viral fatigue syndrome and examines the results of research carried out in the last 50 years.
Probing the Effect of the Outer Saccharide Residues of<i>N</i>-Linked Glycans on Peptide Conformation (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTProbing the Effect of the Outer Saccharide Residues of N-Linked Glycans on Peptide ConformationSarah E. O'Connor, Jens Pohlmann, Barbara Imperiali, Iwan Saskiawan, and Kenji YamamotoView Author Information Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 25, 6187–6188Publication Date (Web):May 30, 2001Publication History Received10 January 2001Published online30 May 2001Published inissue 1 June 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja010094shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja010094srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views497Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Disulfides,Isomerization,Molecular structure,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Dissolution of Residual Renal Calculi with Hemiacidrin (1976)

Hemiacidrin irrigation of the renal collection system via nephrostomy for the dissolution of residual postoperative calculi is described in 14 cases. The irrigation successfully dissolved 13 to 16 caliceal calculi. It did not dissolve any parenchymal calcifications. No known stones of pure calcium oxalate or apatite have been dissolved. Residual stones can safely be dissolved with hemiacidrin irrigation via nephrostomy if clear open drainage and scrupulously sterile urine are maintained.
Sex Hormones Save Our Skin (2009)

Information about reprints can be found online at: Reprints: document. Permissions and Rights Question and Answer about this process is available in the located, click Request Permissions in the middle column of the Web page under Services. Further information Editorial Office. Once the online version of the published article for which permission is being requested is can be obtained via RightsLink, a service of the Copyright Clearance Center, not theCirculation Researchin Requests for permissions to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally publishedPermissions: by guest on April 25,
Bessel beam generation using a segmented deformable mirror (2018)

Bessel beams with tunable spot size are desirable for many applications such as laser material processing, optical trapping, and imaging. In this paper, we report experimental and simulation results of using a segmented deformable mirror to generate zero- and higher-order Bessel beams that have a controllable transverse and longitudinal shape. The tilt angle and piston position of the mirror segments are optimized to recreate the phase structure of a reflective axicon. Zero-order Bessel beams are generated at various beam converging angles, and their core diameter, peak intensity, and depth-of-focus are found to agree with the calculated results. By applying a phase ramp along the azimuthal direction, the first-order Bessel beam is generated with the characteristic annular shape. Because deformable mirrors have low absorption and dispersion and operate at a fast frame rate, they are a promising candidate for spatial beam shaping of high-power ultrafast lasers, which are used in material processing applications.
Fast calculation method with foveated rendering for computer-generated holograms using an angle-changeable ray-tracing method (2019)

The computer-generated hologram (CGH) technique is a technique that simulates the recording of holography. Although the CGH technique has a lot of advantages, it also has some disadvantages; one of them is the long calculation time. Much research on the human eye has established that humans see 135° vertically and 160° horizontally, but can see fine detail within an only 5° central circle. Foveated rendering uses this characteristic of the human eye to reduce image resolution in the peripheral area and achieve a high calculation speed. In this paper, a new method for CGH fast calculation with foveated rendering using an angle-changeable ray-tracing method is introduced. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and high-speed calculation of this method.
IFN-?induces cell death in human hepatoma cells through a trail/death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway (2001)

We demonstrated the induction of cell death in a hepatoma cell line by IFN-gamma and its possible mechanism. Among the 2 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatoma cell lines, SNU-354 and SNU-368, IFN-gamma induced cell death and increased caspase-3 activity in SNU-368 but not in SNU-354. IFN-gamma induced several changes in the mRNA expression level of apoptosis-regulating genes, e.g., increased expression of Fas, caspase-1 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In particular, IFN-gamma potently increased the mRNA expression of TRAIL in both cell lines. However, it did not change the mRNA expression level of death-mediating TRAIL receptors, e.g., DR4 and DR5, which were constitutively expressed in both cell lines. In contrast, the decoy receptor DcR1 was expressed in SNU-354 but not in SNU-368, and its expression level in SNU-354 was increased by IFN-gamma. Another decoy receptor, DcR2, was constitutively expressed in both cell lines; however, its expression level in SNU-368 was decreased by IFN-gamma. In addition, exogenous recombinant TRAIL reduced viability in SNU-368, but not in SNU-354, cells. From these findings, we speculated that TRAIL up-regulation and the subsequent TRAIL-mediated apoptosis serve as a mechanism of IFN-gamma-induced cell death in SNU-368. To confirm this hypothesis, we demonstrated that soluble DR4-Fc fusion protein, a TRAIL pathway inhibitor, inhibited IFN-gamma-induced cell death in SNU-368. Our results demonstrated that IFN-gamma acts as an inducer of cell death through TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
Further antibacterial diterpenes from the bark and leaves of <i>Juniperus procera</i> hochst. ex Endl (1995)

Abstract The bark of Juniperus procera yielded three antibacterial diterpenoids, (+)‐ E ‐communic acid (1), (+)‐Z‐communic acid (2) and (+)‐totarol (3). Compound 2 exhibited significant activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, while 1 was found to be less active. Compound 3, on the other hand, demonstrated potent activity against Mycobacterium organisms, while its corresponding 3β‐hydroxy‐derivative 4 was found to be inactive. The chromatographic separation of (+)‐Z‐communic acid (2) from (+)‐ E ‐communic acid (1) and those previously unreported spectral data of 1 and 2 are described. In addition, the leaves yielded (+)‐8α‐acetoxyelemol, β‐peltatin A methyl ether and deoxypodophyllotoxin.
Antimicrobial Properties of Various Psychotropic Drugs Against Broad Range Microorganisms (2015)

Increasing multiple drug resistance of microorganisms to certain antibiotics is a major health problem of the current clinical practice. Therefore, development of novel broad range antimicrobial agents and increasing efficiency of existing antibiotics are under great interest among scientists. Some psychotropic drugs not only reverse microbial antibiotic resistance but also exhibit direct antimicrobial activity against several biological targets. In the present study, 16 different psychotropic drugs including sertraline, paroxetine, aripiprazole, fluvoxamine, moclobemide, venlafaxine, mianserin, trazodone, mirtazapine, clomipramine, alprazolam, escitalopram, citaloprame, fluoxetine, gabapentin and reboxetine have been examined for their antimicrobial properties against wide range of bacteria, yeast and fungi using disc-diffusion and micro-well dilution assays. The results revealed that except FOR gabapentin, venlafaxine, moclobemide and alprazolam, the remaining drugs tested in this study showed various antimicrobial activities. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor group drugs including sertraline, paroxetine, fluvoxamine and fluoxetine displayed broad range antibacterial activity compared to other psychotropic drugs. Among them, sertraline was also found to be effective against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Exploring antimicrobial activities will increase the use and application of these psychotropic drugs in clinical approaches. However, in vivo studies and clinical trials are strictly required to evaluate efficiencies of these chemicals for the treatment of systemic microbial infections. Keywords: Antipsychotics, antidepressant, antibacterial, antimicrobial, sertraline, SSRI.
GATAAG; a<i>cis</i>-control region binding an erythroid-specific nuclear factor with a role in globin and non-globin gene expression (1989)

An erythroid-specific nuclear protein factor binds to a sequence motif (GATAAG) which is present in the promoter region of the mouse alpha and beta major globin genes, and in the erythroid-specific promoter of the human porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D) gene. The protein activity is conserved across species, being found in mouse erythroleukaemia (MEL) cells, chicken erythrocytes, the human erythroid K562 and KMOE cell lines, but not in a variety of non-erythroid mouse tissues or in HeLa cells. Functional analysis of this element in the alpha globin gene promoter by stable transfection experiments show that the GATAAG motif resides in a 68 bp sequence which has a stimulatory effect on transcription in mouse erythroleukaemia but not fibroblast cells. The GATAAG motif is conserved in the promoters and 3' enhancers of a variety of globin and non-globin genes implying that it is a cis-element involved in the tissue-specific up-regulation of several genes that are co-expressed during erythroid cell differentiation.
Characterization of a Distinct Arabinofuranosyltransferase in <i>Mycobacterium </i><i>smegmatis</i> (2007)

The D-arabinans in Mycobacterium are essential, extraordinarily complex entity comprised of d-arabinofuranose residues which are rarely found in nature. Despite the well-recognized importance of the mycobacterial arabinan, delineation of the arabinosylation process has been severely hampered due to lack of positively identified arabinosyltransferases. Identification of genes involved in arabinan biosynthesis entailed the use of ethambutol (EMB), a first-line antituberculosis agent that is known to inhibit cell wall arabinan synthesis. The three genes (embA, embB, and embC) encode novel membrane proteins, implicated as the only known mycobacterial arabinosyltransferases to this date. We have now adapted a multifaceted approach involving development of convenient arabinosyltransferase assay using novel synthetic acceptors to identify arabinosyltransferase/s that will be distinct from the Emb proteins. In our present work, Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2) 155 (WTMsm) was used as a model to study the biosynthesis of cell wall arabinan. In an in vitro assay, we demonstrate that transfer of only alpha-Araf had occurred from decaprenylphosphoryl-D-arabinofuranose (DPA) on a newly synthesized branched acceptor [alpha-D-Araf](2)-3,5-alpha-D-Araf-(1-->5)-alpha-d-Araf-(1-->5)-alpha-D-Araf with an octyl aglycon. Higher molecular weight (up to Ara(10)) oligomers were also detected in a parallel reaction using cold phosphoribosepyrophosphate (pRpp). Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS/MS) analysis of these products revealed that isomeric products were formed and initiation and elongation of arabinan can occur either on the 5-arm or 3-arm of the branched 3,5-alpha-D-Araf. Individual embA, embB, and embC knockout strains retained this alpha-1,5 arabinosyltransferase activity, and the activity was partially inhibited by ethambutol. This particular enzyme function is distinct from the function of the Emb proteins.
Kernel dynamic policy programming: Practical reinforcement learning for high-dimensional robots (2016)

Applying value function based reinforcement learning algorithms to real robots has been infeasible because the approximation of high-dimensional value function is difficult. The difficulty of such high-dimensional value function approximation in previous methods are twofold: 1) instability of value function approximation by non-smooth policy update and 2) computational complexity associated with high-dimensional state-action space. To cope with these issues, in this paper, we propose Kernel Dynamic Policy Programming (KDPP) that smoothly updates value function in an implicit high-dimensional feature space. The smooth policy update is promoted by adding the Kullback-Leibler divergence between current and updated policies in reward function as a regularization term to stabilize the value function approximation. The computational complexity is reduced by applying the kernel trick in the value function approximation. Therefore, KDPP can be interpreted as a novel yet practical extension of Dynamic Policy Programming (DPP) and kernelized value function-based reinforcement learning methods to combine the strengths of them. We successfully applied KDPP to learn unscrewing bottle cap in a Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (PAMs) driven humanoid robot hand, a system with 24 dimensional state space, with limited number of samples and commonplace computational resource.
Replacement of magnesium in InGaAs/InP heterostructures during zinc diffusion (1989)

Zn diffusions from spin-on films have been carried out into n-InP/p+-InGaAs/n-InP heterostructures, which were grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy for heterojunction bipolar transistors with Mg as a p dopant. After diffusion, Mg was completely substituted by Zn and enriched in the spin-on film. In the presence of Mg, the indiffusion of Zn is strongly enhanced. By varying doping levels and diffusion conditions, the underlying mechanism is studied and compared to recent experiments with Be-doped AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures.
Channel-individual adaptive beamforming for mobile satellite communications (1995)

A digital frequency-division multiplex demultiplexer for single channel per carrier (SCPC) signals was developed for use in a digital channel-individual beamforming network for an adaptive satellite array antenna for mobile satellite communications. The available ASIC (35000 gate functions in CMOS technology, clock rate up to 30 MHz with low power consumption) permits the separation of FDM signals comprising up to 16 channels. Starting from a suitable model for the demultiplexer beamforming system, this paper describes the analysis, design, simulation and implementation of the hierarchically structured demultiplexer. Aspects of digital beamforming are only discussed as far as necessary for understanding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
System Evaluation of Solid Chemical Oxygen Generators (1975)

Abstract : Aircraft system planners are turning increasingly to the possibility of replacing LOX with alternative types of breathable oxygen supply systems that are less dependent on re-supply and maintenance. Solid chemical (chlorate candle) oxygen generation is a candidate among the alternative systems being considered. This effort concerned the test and performance evaluation of two basic types of chlorate candle oxygen generators while operating in a laboratory system console. The two candle formulations were compared for oxygen producing capacity, flowrate, and ignitability. System data on candle generator temperature and accumulator pressure was also recorded. The results of the effort established that sodium chlorate candle ignition and performance were more consistent and superior to lithium perchlorate candles.