gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiologische Diagnostik der Nieren, Nebennieren und ableitenden Harnwege (1984)

Die radiologische Diagnostik der Nieren, Nebennieren (NN) und ableitenden Harnwege wird durch eine Abdomen-Übersichtsaufnahme am liegenden Patienten eingeleitet. Lage, Größe und Form der Nieren, die sich von der Umgebung durch die vermehrt strahlentransparente Fettkapsel abgrenzen, können danach abgeschätzt werden. Auch die Harnblase ist, soweit gefüllt, zu erkennen. Der M. psoas stellt sich auf beiden Seiten der LWS als nach lateral scharf begrenzter, homogener, keilförmiger Schatten dar. Verwischte Psoasrandkonturen werden beobachtet bei Überlagerungsfrei können die Nierenkonturen durch das Leertomogramm dargestellt werden; die mittlere Schichttiefe beträgt dabei, wenn man vom Rücken aus rechnet, 7 bis 9 cm.
Protein Modification in Nonaqueous Media (1974)

A new method of enzyme cross-linking in anhydrous N,N'-dimethylformamide is reported. The cross-linking agent, N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole, produces either a waterinsoluble crystalline product or a water-insoluble amorphous preparation, depending upon reagent concentration. The amorphous preparation is derived from a totally N,N-dimethylformamide-soluble cross-linked protein. Results are reported for lysozyme and urease. Both enzymes are significantly stabilized in the cross-linked form relative to their native-state counterparts.
Imaging sites of airway obstruction and measuring functional responses to bronchodilator treatment in asthma. (1979)

The sites of airway obstruction and dilatation after terbutaline administration were studied by inhalation imaging and pulmonary function tests in 12 stable asthmatic patients. Inhaled terbutaline as a therapeutic aerosol decreased airway resistance (Raw) and improved radioaerosol (Ae) images in nine, delta V max50 in three, and xenon (Xe) images in five of 12 subjects, suggesting that its predominant site of action was on major airways. Subcutaneously injected terbutaline improved Raw, delta V max50, and Ae images in 11 and Xe images in eight subjects indicating that it released bronchospasm in the major and minor airways. These findings in asthma suggest that aerosol and Xe imaging procedures are sensitive indicators of large and small airway obstruction respectively.
London and Its Environs (1918)

that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a
Electrochemical Characteristics of PEO Treated Electric Arc Coatings on Lightweight Alloys (2010)

The complex technology of the surface treatment of Al, Mg, Ti alloys for size reconstruction and strengthening is presented herein. This consists of electric arc spraying of aluminum alloys or powder wire in an aluminum shell and then treatment with plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Once treated, oxide-ceramic coatings maintain extreme hardness, durability and resistance to wear. At the same time their corrosion-resistant properties are also significant. Dynamic potential dependences were studied for electric arc Al coatings and PEO treatments on Al, Mg, Ti alloys and corrosion currents were analyzed for exposure to a corrosive environment for a period of from 1 hour to 30 days. It was established that PEO treated coatings on Al alloys have a higher corrosion resistance than untreated sprayed coatings. In Mg alloys, an intermediate layer of aluminum electric arc coating between the substrate and PEO-treated coating is necessary in order to ensure high corrosion resistance. This is due to the specifics of the formation of the MgO and Al2O3 oxide phases in the plasma discharge channels. At the same time Al coatings on Ti alloys, including those of post-PEO treatment, were characterized as having lower corrosion resistance within the range of electrode potential from corrosion potential up to repassivation potential, than were untreated Ti-alloys. Yet it was found that the corrosion resistance of PEO treated coatings increases at higher anode potentials. Under cathode polarization the hydrogen discharge is less likely to occur on PEO-coatings than on untreated Ti alloys which more effectively prevents hydrogenation.
Efficient Heterogeneous Oxidation of Alkylarenes with Molecular Oxygen (2004)

[reaction: see text] Ru(OH)x/Al2O3 efficiently catalyzes the heterogeneous aerobic oxygenation or oxidative dehydrogenation of alkylarenes to give the corresponding oxygenated or dehydrogenated products. Catalyst/product separation is very easy, and the recovered catalyst is reusable with retention of the high catalytic performance.
Racial Disparity in Breast Cancer and Functional Germ Line Mutation in Galectin-3 (rs4644): A Pilot Study (2008)

For reasons largely unknown, Caucasian women are at a significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer than Asian women. Over a decade ago, mutations in BRCA1/2 were identified as genetic risk factors; however, the discovery of additional breast cancer genes and genes contributing to racial disparities are lacking. We report a functional germline mutation (polymorphism) in the galectin-3 gene at position 191 (rs4644) substituting proline with histidine (P64H), which results in susceptibility to matrix metalloproteinase cleavage and acquisition of resistance to drug-induced apoptosis. This substitution correlates with incidence of breast cancer and racial disparity. Genotype analysis of 338 Caucasian (194 disease free and 144 breast cancer patients) and 140 Asian (79 disease free and 61 breast cancer patients) women showed that the allele homozygous for H64 exists in disease free Caucasian and Asian women at a frequency of 12% and 5%, respectively, versus 37% and 82% in breast cancer patients. The data indicate that H/H allele is associated with increased breast cancer risk in both races. The data implicate galectin-3 H(64) in breast cancer and explain, in part, the noted racial disparity, thus providing a novel target for diagnosis and treatment.
Flexible Web document analysis for delivery to narrow-bandwidth devices (2002)

We propose a set of baseline heuristics for identifying genuinely tabular information and news links in HTML documents. A prototype implementation of these heuristics is described for delivering content from news providers' home pages to a narrow-bandwidth device such as a portable digital assistant or cellular phone display. Its evaluation on 75 Web sites is provided, along with a discussion of topics for future research.
Spatially coupled protograph-based LDPC codes for incremental redundancy (2012)

We investigate a family of protograph based rate-compatible LDPC convolutional codes. The code family shows improved thresholds close to the Shannon limit compared to their uncoupled versions for the binary erasure channel as well as the AWGN channel. In fact, the gap to Shannon limit is almost uniform for all members of the code family ensuring good performance for all subsequent incremental redundancy transmissions. Compared to similar code families based on regular LDPC codes [1] the complexity of our approach grows slower for the considered rates.
FASE (2015)

While all computation generates electromagnetic (EM) side-channel signals, some of the strongest and farthest-propagating signals are created when an existing strong periodic signal (e.g. a clock signal) becomes stronger or weaker (amplitude-modulated) depending on processor or memory activity. However, modern systems create emanations at thousands of different frequencies, so it is a difficult, error-prone, and time-consuming task to find those few emanations that are AM-modulated by processor/memory activity. This paper presents a methodology for rapidly finding such activity-modulated signals. This method creates recognizable spectral patterns generated by specially designed microbenchmarks and then processes the recorded spectra to identify signals that exhibit amplitude-modulation behavior. We apply this method to several computer systems and find several such modulated signals. To illustrate how our methodology can benefit side-channel security research and practice, we also identify the physical mechanisms behind those signals, and find that the strongest signals are created by voltage regulators, memory refreshes, and DRAM clocks. Our results indicate that each signal may carry unique information about system activity, potentially enhancing an attacker's capability to extract sensitive information. We also confirm that our methodology correctly separates emanated signals that are affected by specific processor or memory activities from those that are not.
Design of Spin-Torque Transfer Magnetoresistive RAM and CAM/TCAM with High Sensing and Search Speed (2009)

With a great scalability potential, nonvolatile magnetoresistive memory with spin-torque transfer (STT) programming has become a topic of great current interest. This paper addresses cell structure design for STT magnetoresistive RAM, content addressable memory (CAM) and ternary CAM (TCAM). We propose a new RAM cell structure design that can realize high speed and reliable sensing operations in the presence of relatively poor magnetoresistive ratio, while maintaining low sensing current through magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs). We further apply the same basic design principle to develop new cell structures for nonvolatile CAM, and TCAM. The effectiveness of the proposed RAM, CAM and TCAM cell structures has been demonstrated by circuit simulation at 0.18 ¿m CMOS technology.
Built-in dynamic thermal testing technique for ICs (1996)

The continuing reduction in the size of CMOS logic ICs is leading to an increase in leakage current, in such devices, making it difficult to use existing testing techniques. The authors present an alternative built-in testing technique based on dynamic thermal considerations.
Antineoplastic Agents. 81. The Glycerol Ethers of Palythoa liscia (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntineoplastic Agents. 81. The Glycerol Ethers of Palythoa lisciaGeorge R. Pettit and Youichi FujiiCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1982, 45, 5, 640–643Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50023a022https://doi.org/10.1021/np50023a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CW bismuth fibre laser (2005)

A new fibre laser based on a bismuth-doped aluminosilicate glass fibre is proposed and fabricated. CW lasing is obtained in the spectral region between 1150 and 1300 nm. The fibres are fabricated by the method of modified chemical vapour deposition.
Modifying Nylon 6 by Treating with Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl Chloride (1997)

Sulfonation of nylon 6 fibers by 2,5 dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (dbsc) has a great effect on the heat and chemical stability of the fibers. Sulfur content, carbon residue, degree of crimp, and solubility in formic acid are all determined, the effects of dbsc concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time are studied. Increasing dbsc concentration and temperature are more effective at increasing the sulfur content in modified fibers than increasing reaction time. The best results are obtained with a dbsc concentration of 25% and a reaction temperature of 115°C for 4 hours. At these conditions, the modified fibers have 4.9% sulfur content, 26.4% carbon residue, 97.5% degree of crimp, and lose solubility in formic acid, concentrated mineral acids, and aqua regia. They do not burn when put in direct flames, but glow and char without losing fiber form. No melting occurs at up to 1000°C, and the activation energy of decomposition is 194 kJ/mole compared to 46 kJ/mole for the unmodified fibers. Strength properties decrease.
Structural analysis of the cell membrane complex in the human hair cuticle using microbeam X‐ray diffraction: relationship with the effects of hair dyeing (2007)

This article deals with the structure of the cell membrane complex (CMC) in the human hair cuticle. The microbeam X-ray provided a pattern of small-angle scattering from the CMC in the cuticle with no sample preparations, including slicing and pre-staining of hair. The thickness of the beta- and delta-layers, substructure in CMC, was estimated by analysis of the scattering pattern. We used hair samples extracted with several solvents, and found that solvent extraction changed the thickness of the beta- and delta-layers in a manner dependent on the type of solvent. Extraction of hair with solvent was also shown to have effects on the extent of dyeing. There was a high correlation between the extent of dyeing and the thickness of the delta-layer, i.e., a thin layer tended to show a high amount of dyeing, whereas there was no significant correlation between the thickness of the beta-layer and the extent of dyeing.
Construction of synthetic carbonate plugs: A review and some recent developments (2019)

Plugs are cylindrical rocks with known dimensions that are extracted typically from reservoir formations with representative mineralogical compounds, petrophysical properties and oilfield fluids. They are used in the laboratory to understand the behaviour of oil in reservoirs. One of their applications is to study the screening of chemicals, such as surfactants and polymers, for enhanced oil recovery research before being applied in the reservoir. Many of Brazil’s pre-salt basins are located in ultra-deep waters, and the high heterogeneities of its offshore carbonate reservoirs make the extraction of representative rock samples difficult, risky and expensive. The literature reports the construction of synthetic plug samples that reproduce rocks as an alternative and viable solution for this issue. However, there is a lack of publications that focus on the construction of representative carbonate plugs that considers both the mineralogical composition and petrophysics properties, such as porosity and permeability. In this work, the construction of synthetic plugs is studied, using a combination of published methodologies to achieve an alternative construction of synthetic carbonate plugs for laboratory scale studies. Using a procedure based on the use of pulverized rock matrices with known particle sizes, uniaxial compaction, and probable CaCO 3 solubility control by changing temperature and pH, it was possible to obtain synthetic carbonate plugs with a similar mineralogy to the natural carbonate reservoir. However, further studies are necessary to obtain more controlled petrophysical properties of such samples.
Progress on the electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells (2008)

Abstract Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have aroused intense interest over the past decade owing to their low cost and simple preparation procedures. Much effort has been devoted to the study of electrolytes that enable light-to-electrical power conversion for DSSC applications. This review focuses on recent progress in the field of liquid, solid-state, and quasi-solid-state electrolytes for DSSCs. It is believed that quasi-solid-state electrolytes, especially those utilizing thermosetting gels, are particularly applicable for fabricating high photoelectric performance and long-term stability of DSSCs in practical applications.
The role of channel states in secret key generation (2010)

In this work, we investigate secret key generation from channel states. We point out, by means of a packet-delay-based attack, that observing its own channel states is not the only way an adversary can learn about the channel states of the legitimate communicating parties. The attack suggests that it is not secure to transmit data via the channel whose states generate secret keys. However, not using the channel at all would result in a waste of bandwidth. Hence, we propose using this channel to transmit the bits needed to reconcile the channel state estimates at the transmitter and the receiver. This is a necessary step in secret key generation that required a separate channel in previous work. Although the scheme proposed here in effect prohibits the use of an adaptive transmitter, we show, for the Rayleigh fading channel, that a decent key rate that outperforms existing schemes is obtained. This is due to the fact that collection of the channel state information and transmission of the reconciliation bits are performed concurrently rather than via time sharing.
Navigated real-time molecular analysis in the operating theatre, demonstration of concept (2019)

PURPOSE: In the operating theatre surgeons are accustomed to using spatially navigated tools in conjunction with standard clinical imaging during a procedure. This gives them a good idea where they are in the patients’ anatomy but doesn’t provide information about the type of tissue they are dissecting. In this paper we demonstrate an integrated system consisting of a spatially navigated surgical electrocautery combined with real-time molecular analysis of the dissected tissue using mass spectrometry. METHODS: Using the 3D Slicer software package, we have integrated a commercially available neurosurgical navigation system with an intra-operative mass spectrometer (colloquially referred to as the intelligent knife, or iKnife) that analyzes the charged ions in the smoke created during cauterization. We demonstrate this system using a simulated patient comprised of an MRI scan from a brain cancer patient deformably registered to a plastic skull model. On the skull model we placed porcine and bovine tissues to simulate cancerous and healthy tissue, respectively. We built a PCA/LDA model to distinguish between these tissue types. The tissue classifications were displayed in a spatially localized manner in the pre-operative imaging, in both 2D and 3D views. RESULTS: We have demonstrated the feasibility of performing spatially navigated intra-operative analysis of tissues by mass spectrometry. We show that machine learning can classify our sample tissues, with an average computed confidence of 99.37 % for porcine tissue and 99.36% for bovine tissue. CONCLUSION: In this paper we demonstrate a proof of concept system for navigated intra-operative molecular analysis. This system may enable intra-operative awareness of spatially localized tissue classification during dissection, information that is especially useful in tumor surgeries where margins may not be visible to the unassisted eye.
The Public Expenditure Debate (1981)

This Briefing Paper is concerned with the structural implications of public expenditure for economic performance. It examines the growing role of public expenditure in Britain over the past hundred years, and compares the current share of public spending in the UK with that in other developed countries. Since overall public expenditure does not appear to be a useful concept in the context of the structural debate, the distinctions between different types of public expenditure are emphasised The main purpose of the Briefing Paper is to clarify the current debate.
The importance of the form of nitrogen on microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of cattle receiving grass silage and continuous intrarumen infusions of sucrose (1989)

1. In a 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment, four cattle were given grass silage in two meals per d to satisfy maintenance energy requirements. In addition, sucrose (170 g/kg silage dry matter (DM] was infused intraruminally at a constant rate with no nitrogen supplementation; with the infusion intraruminally of either casein (23 g/kg silage DM) or urea (8 g/kg silage DM); or with soya-bean meal (64 g/kg silage DM) fed in two equal portions. 2. Samples of duodenal digesta representative of a 24 h period were obtained using chromium-EDTA and ytterbium acetate for flow estimation and 35S as a marker of microbial N entering the small intestine. Samples of rumen fluid were also taken for estimation of rumen pH and concentrations of ammonia-N and volatile fatty acids. Estimates of apparent organic matter (OM) and N digestibility and of the rates of silage DM and N disappearance from porous synthetic-fibre bags incubated in the rumen were also made. 3. The N supplements had no significant effects on rumen pH, concentrations of volatile fatty acids, their molar proportions or the disappearance of DM or N from porous synthetic-fibre bags. N supplementation increased rumen ammonia-N concentrations (urea, P less than 0.05; casein, soya-bean meal, not significant). 4. N supplementation had no significant effects on the digestion of OM, acid-detergent fibre or soluble carbohydrate. 5. Infusion of casein increased the quantities of total non-ammonia-N (not significant) and microbial N (P less than 0.05) entering the small intestine daily and the efficiency of rumen microbial N synthesis (not significant).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Using active clients to minimize replication in primary-backup protocols (2002)

We consider a primary-backup approach to provide fault-tolerance service under a model in which the clients play an active role when their service requests are not fulfilled. Each client maintains an ordered list of servers and sends its service requests to the first server in its list. If the server does not respond within it specified timeout period, the client retransmits the request to the next server in its list. Under this model, we construct protocols that tolerate crash failures, send-omission failures, and receive-omission failures. For each type of failure, our protocol is optimal with respect 20 the degree of replication. More precisely, our protocols tolerate up to f server failures using only f+1 servers. In addition, these protocols tolerate an arbitrary number of client failures. Further, the protocols ensure that the service provided by the system is functionally equivalent to that provided by a single failure-free server.
Lactic acid bacteria isolated from canine faeces (2006)

The selected LAB strains are among the first host-specific LAB with antimicrobial activity isolated from canines that could serve as potential probiotics for canine use.
Self‐Organizing Networks (SON) (2012)

The target of self-organizing network (SON) features is to improve the network quality and capacity and to simplify the network operations. SON algorithms are designed to provide better end user performance, lower cost of operations and higher network utilization. SON features are introduced in 3GPP together with long term evolution (LTE) radio starting in Release 8 and the capabilities are enhanced in further 3GPP releases. This chapter summarizes the SON features and focuses on the latest additions in the specifications. Multiple SON use cases have been specified by 3GPP for self-configuration, self-optimization and self-healing areas. In general self-configuration use cases are important at earlier phases when providing coverage whereas self-optimization and healing consider quality and capacity and they are more relevant when network usage increases. Self-healing standardization is mainly addressed by SA5; at the time of writing there is one main 3GPP technical specification. Controlled Vocabulary Terms fault tolerant computing; long term evolution; self-organizing networks