gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Human Eosinophil‐Derived Neurotoxin/RNase 2 Functions as an Effective Antiviral Agent against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (1998)

A dose-dependent decrease in infectivity was observed on introduction of eosinophils into suspensions of respiratory syncytial virus group B (RSV-B). This antiviral effect was reversed by ribonuclease inhibitor, suggesting a role for the eosinophil secretory ribonucleases. Recombinant eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (rhEDN), the major eosinophil ribonuclease, promoted a dose-dependent decrease in RSV-B infectivity, with a 40-fold reduction observed in response to 50 nM rhEDN. Ribonucleolytically inactivated rhEDN (rhEDNdK38) had no antiviral activity. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated loss of viral genomic RNA in response to rhEDN, suggesting that this protein promotes the direct ribonucleolytic destruction of extracellular virions. Ribonuclease A had no antiviral activity even at approximately 1000-fold higher concentrations, suggesting that rhEDN has unique features other than ribonuclease activity that are crucial to its effectiveness. These results suggest that rhEDN may have potential as a therapeutic agent for prevention or treatment of disease caused by RSV.
Effect of Aspergillus niger on broilers performance. (2010)

This study was conducted to evaluate fungus, Aspergillus niger, as probiotics in broiler chickens. The Chickens were divided into 4 treatments with average weight (375± 4 g). First treatment as control fed control diet and other chicks were fed diets supplemented with Aspergillus niger at the levels of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1%. The birds were fed experimental diets until 27 d of age to evaluate the effect on growth, organs weights, abdominal fat content, muscle fat contents, muscle (TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and plasma biochemical parameters. Body weight gain was increased and feed intake and feed conversion ratio were decreased (P < 0.05) by the fungus. Plasma 3-methylhistidine as an index of skeletal muscle protein breakdown was decreased by the fungus. Due to the fungus, abdominal fat and plasma cholesterol were decreased (P<0.05), while fat content in the breast muscle was increased. Interestingly, muscle α-tocopherol content was increased (P < 0.01), and muscle TBARS as an index of lipid oxidation and (glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity, GOT) as an index of liver function were decreased (P < 0.001) by the fungus, indicating anti-oxidative activities of the fungus. In conclusion, feeding Aspergillus niger improved growth performance and meat quality. Thus, the fungus can be used as effective probiotics in broiler chickens. Ahmed. A. Saleh, et al.
GaInP 2 overgrowth and passivation of colloidal InP nanocrystals using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2004)

We have used metalorganic chemical vapor deposition to deposit thin GaInP2 passivating films on both isolated and close-packed arrays of colloidal InP/GaInP2 core-shell nanocrystals. Conformal GaInP2 layers of 10–20 nm were grown on the nanocrystals after organic capping molecule removal by a thermal annealing treatment. We show that the InP nanocrystals retain their crystallinity, shape and luminescence efficiency after being exposed to growth temperatures of 600 °C. The GaInP2 nanocrystal composite showed strong photoluminescences indicating effective passivation of surface states. In close-packed nanocrystal arrays, the emission band is redshifted compared to films of isolated nanocrystals indicating electron coupling between dots embedded in GaInP2.
A Three-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Scheme for the Regional Ocean Modeling System (2008)

Abstract A three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) scheme has been developed within the framework of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). This ROMS3DVAR enables the capability of predicting meso- to small-scale variations with temporal scales from hours to days in coastal oceans. To cope with particular difficulties that result from complex coastlines and bottom topography, unbalanced flows, and sparse observations, ROMS3DVAR includes novel strategies. These strategies include the implementation of three-dimensional anisotropic and inhomogeneous error correlations based on a Kronecker product, application of particular weak dynamic constraints, and implementation of efficient and reliable algorithms for minimizing the cost function. The formulation of ROMS3DVAR is presented here, and its implementation off the West Coast is currently under way.
Jagan, Cheddi (1918–1997) (2009)

Cheddi Jagan was a revolutionary in the Guyanese anti‐colonial movement, primary opponent of imperialism, and advocate of social equality who helped guide the country to independence. Born and raised on a sugar plantation in Port Maurant, Guyana, Jagan was admitted at the age of 15 to Queens College, the most prestigious secondary educational institution in Guyana at the time. Upon completion of high school Jagan left for the United States to study dentistry, first at Howard University in Washington, DC, and subsequently at Northwestern University in Chicago. During Jagan's studies in the US, he was attracted to Marxism and socialism. There also he met his wife Janet, whose own leftist political orientation reinforced his radical beliefs and commitment.
Performance analysis of open cycle gas turbines (2008)

In this study, the performance of ideal open cycle gas turbine system was examined based on its thermodynamic analysis. The effects of some parameters, such as compressor inlet temperature (CIT), pressure ratio (PR) and the turbine inlet temperature (TIT), on the performance parameters of open cycle gas turbine were discussed. The turbine net power output, the thermal efficiency and the fuel consumption of the turbine were taken as the performance parameters. The values of these parameters were calculated using some basic cycle equations and variables values of thermodynamic properties. Other variables such as lower heating value, combustion efficiency and isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine were assumed to be constant. The result showed that the net power output and the thermal efficiency increased by a decrease in the CIT and increase in the TIT and PR values. If it is aimed to have a high net power output and the thermal efficiency for the turbine, the CIT should be chosen as low as possible and the TIT should be chosen as high as possible. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An approach to a Cloud Computing network (2008)

ldquoCloud Computingrdquo is becoming increasingly relevant, as it will enable companies involved in spreading this technology to open the doors to Web 3.0. In this work the basic features of cloud computing are presented and compared with those of the original technology: Grid Computing. The new categories of services introduced will slowly replace many types of computational resources currently used. In this perspective, grid computing, the basic element for the large scale supply of cloud services, will play a fundamental role in defining how those services will be provided. The paper describes the concept of computational resources outsourcing, referred to computational grids and a real application. This work utilises the results by the Cybersar Project managed by the COSMOLAB Consortium (Italy).
Enhanced prefix inclusion coding filter-encoding algorithm for packet classification with ternary content addressable memory (2007)

Filter encoding can effectively enhance the efficiency of ternary content addressable memory (TCAM)-based packet classification. It can minimise the range expansion problem, reduce the TCAM space requirement and improve the lookup rate for IPv6. However, additional complexity will incur inevitably in the filter table update operations. Although the average update cost of the prefix inclusion coding (PIC) scheme is very low, the worst-case update cost can be significantly higher. Major modifications to the PIC scheme to improve its update performance are presented. The new coding scheme is called PIC with segmented domain. By dividing the field value domain into multiple segments, the mapping of field values to code points can be more structural and help avoid massive code-point relocation in the event of new insertions. Moreover, the simplified codeword lookup for the address fields can be implemented with embedded SRAM rather than with TCAM. Consequently, the lookup rate of the search engine can be improved to handle the OC-768 line rate.
Stereopsis in Cockpit Display — A Part-Task Test (1988)

The benefit of adding retinal disparity to color raster display was tested with two formats. Six pilots flew a tracking task and periodically responded to “failures” in the two represented systems, providing a total of 4320 trials. Response time and error frequency were both reduced when disparity augmented monocular cues to “real world” depth. Response time and error frequency were not affected when disparity was used to make an element of an otherwise flat display more noticeable.
Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae That Exhibit Tolerance of Vancomycin (2001)

The ability of Streptococcus pneumoniae to escape lysis and killing by vancomycin, a property termed "tolerance," has recently been noted in a laboratory strain of the species. Vancomycin tolerance in clinical isolates represents a potential new health risk. We determined the prevalence of vancomycin and penicillin tolerance among 116 clinical isolates of pneumococci by monitoring lysis and viability after exposure to the respective antibiotic for 4 hours. Eight percent of the strains were tolerant to penicillin and 3% were tolerant to vancomycin. The 3 vancomycin-tolerant isolates also had a high ratio of minimum bactericidal concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration, in contrast to nontolerant strains. They were of serotype 9V and had reduced susceptibility to penicillin. Only 1 was also tolerant to penicillin. Growth rate and ability to divide were not affected in the 3 vancomycin-tolerant strains, and they all lysed with deoxycholate, which indicates autolysin production. Vancomycin tolerance among clinical isolates of pneumococci will necessitate tracking to determine the magnitude of the evolving health risk, since tolerance may contribute to treatment failure (in particular, cases of meningitis, in which bactericidal activity is critical for eradication) and since it may also be a favored background for acquisition of resistance of vancomycin.
A mechanistic study of the reduction of quinones by ascorbic acid (1997)

Rates of the redox reaction between ascorbic acid, 1, and p-benzoquinone, 2, which forms dehydroascorbic acid and hydroquinone, are highly pH-dependent, increasing by a factor of around 60-fold between pH 2 and 4.5. This is evidently due to the increased reactivity of ascorbate relative to the undissociated acid. The reaction shows a maximum primary kinetic isotope effect, k h /k d = 7.8 and volumes of activation which are appreciably negative in the acidic range (-12 to -16 cm 3 mol -1 ) but around only -4 at higher pH while the volume of reaction is -12 cm 3 mol -1 . Protic solvents are mandatory, water and methanol being the only practical solvents in which the reaction occurs at all. Rates in water–methanol mixtures show a non-linear correlation with Y-values, m s ≈ 0.27, suggesting charge dispersion in the transition state. Rates of reduction of several other quinones show similar behaviour. Hydrogen atom transfer following a one-electron transfer is proposed as the rate-determining step.
Coronary Artery Segmentation and Motion Modelling (2010)

Conventional coronary artery bypass surgery requires invasive sternotomy and the use of a cardiopulmonary bypass, which leads to long recovery period and has high infectious potential. Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB) surgery based on image guided robotic surgical approaches have been developed to allow the clinicians to conduct the bypass surgery off-pump with only three pin holes incisions in the chest cavity, through which two robotic arms and one stereo endoscopic camera are inserted. However, the restricted field of view of the stereo endoscopic images leads to possible vessel misidentification and coronary artery mis-localization. This results in 20-30% conversion rates from TECAB surgery to the conventional approach. We have constructed patient-specific 3D + time coronary artery and left ventricle motion models from preoperative 4D Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) scans. Through temporally and spatially aligning this model with the intraoperative endoscopic views of the patient's beating heart, this work assists the surgeon to identify and locate the correct coronaries during the TECAB precedures. Thus this work has the prospect of reducing the conversion rate from TECAB to conventional coronary bypass procedures. This thesis mainly focus on designing segmentation and motion tracking methods of the coronary arteries in order to build pre-operative patient-specific motion models. Various vessel centreline extraction and lumen segmentation algorithms are presented, including intensity based approaches, geometric model matching method and morphology-based method. A probabilistic atlas of the coronary arteries is formed from a group of subjects to facilitate the vascular segmentation and registration procedures. Non-rigid registration framework based on a free-form deformation model and multi-level multi-channel large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping are proposed to track the coronary motion. The methods are applied to 4D CTA images acquired from various groups of patients and quantitatively evaluated.
Powder X-ray diffraction and heterogeneous catalysis (2005)

In this short review, the application of powder X-ray diffraction to the study of heterogeneous catalysis is described. Within the literature, most applications of powder diffraction in heterogeneous catalysis have centred on its use as a fingerprint technique for phase identification/confirmation. However, there is wealth of additional information potentially available, and in this review some studies, which have gone beyond fingerprint applications, are described. Brief descriptions of selected papers detailing the application of in-situ measurements, the determination of catalyst stoichiometry in-situ, the determination of coke location in ZSM-5 catalysts, line profile analysis, Debye Functional Analysis and combined X-ray absorption and diffraction are given. Many, but not all, of these studies have been performed with standard instrumentation, illustrating some of the range of information available in laboratory studies.
Purification of the Internal Invertase of Yeast (1968)

Most of the studies on yeast invertase have been concerned only with the external enzyme (a mannan protein which is localized in the cell wall), but recently it has been reported that the invertase inside the cytoplasmic membrane is a smaller form. This paper presents a comparative study of the distribution of invertase isozymes in two stains of yeast and, after the selection of the best conditions and source, the purification of the internal or small enzyme. The major purification is obtained by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl Sephadex, although ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration in Sephadex G-200 are also used to separate the large and small enzymes. The purified internal invertase is homogeneous on the basis of chromatographic criteria and its behavior in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The molecular weight of the enzyme is approximately 135,000, and the specific activity is 2,900 units per mg of protein.
The Miniband Alignment Field-Effect Transistor: a superlattice-based steep-slope nanowire FET (2016)

This work investigates energy filtering in nanowires, where pass and stopbands are obtained by including superlattices in the wire. When a pair of such superlattices is placed in series, each being controlled by a gate, it can act as a transistor where the (mis-)alignment of its minibands turns the device on (off). It is shown that, in the ballistic current-regime, the transition between the on and off state occurs in a narrow gate-bias range, giving rise to sub-60 mV per decade switching behavior.
An Extract of <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Murill Administered Orally Promotes Immune Responses in Murine Leukemia BALB/c Mice In Vivo (2012)

The ABM extract is likely to stimulate immunocytes and regulate immune response in leukemia mice in vivo.
A Neural Networks-Based graph algorithm for cross-document coreference resolution (2008)

Cross-document coreference resolution, which is an important subtask in natural language processing systems, focus on the problem of determining if two mentions from different documents refer to the same entity in the world. In this paper we present a two-step approach, employing a classification and clusterization phase. In a novel way, the clusterization is produced as a graph cutting algorithm, namely, neural networks-based BestCut (NBCut). To our knowledge, our system is the first that employs a statistical model in graph partitioning. We evaluate our approach on ACE 2008 cross-document coreference resolution data sets and obtain encouraging result, indicating that on named noun phrase coreference task, the approach holds promise and achieves competitive performance.
Seclius: An Information Flow-Based, Consequence-Centric Security Metric (2013)

It is critical to monitor IT systems that are part of energy delivery system infrastructure. The problem with intrusion detection systems (IDSes) is that they often produce thousands of alerts daily that must be dealt with by administrators manually. To provide situational awareness, detection systems usually employ (alert, priority) mappings that are either built in the IDS without consideration of the high-level mission objectives of the infrastructure, or manually defined by administrators through a time-consuming task that requires deep system-level expertise. In this paper, we present Seclius, an online security evaluation framework that translates low-level IDS alerts into a high-level system security measure and provides a ranking of past malicious events and affected system assets based on how crucial they are for the organization. Seclius significantly reduces human involvement by automatically learning system characteristics, providing a simple formalism that administrators can use to define security requirements. Experiments on a process control network with real vulnerabilities and a multistep attack show that Seclius can accurately report system security with low performance overhead and support the time-constrained security decision-making process that is necessary for critical infrastructure.
Output-Sensitive Autocompletion Search (2006)

We consider the following autocompletion search scenario: imagine a user of a search engine typing a query; then with every keystroke display those completions of the last query word that would lead to the best hits, and also display the best such hits. The following problem is at the core of this feature: for a fixed document collection, given a set D of documents, and an alphabetical range W of words, compute the set of all word-in-document pairs (w,d) from the collection such that w ∈W and d∈D. We present a new data structure with the help of which such autocompletion queries can be processed, on the average, in time linear in the input plus output size, independent of the size of the underlying document collection. At the same time, our data structure uses no more space than an inverted index. Actual query processing times on a large test collection correlate almost perfectly with our theoretical bound.
1998 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium : digest of papers (1998)

Based on the 2001 Symposium on Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC), this volume covers such topics as: wireless transceivers; IC design; integrated modules and functions; high frequency technologies; and RF devices and technology.
PCR Detection of a Newly Emerged Pandemic <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> O3:K6 Pathogen in Pure Cultures and Seeded Waters from the Gulf of Mexico (2003)

This study describes the optimization of PCR parameters and testing of a wide number of microbial species to establish a highly specific and sensitive PCR-based method of detection of a newly emerged pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 strain in pure cultures and seeded waters from the Gulf of Mexico (gulf water). The selected open reading frame 8 (ORF8) DNA-specific oligonucleotide primers tested were found to specifically amplify all 35 pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 pandemic isolates, whereas these primers were not found to detectably amplify two strains of V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 that were isolated prior to the 1996 outbreaks, 122 non-O3:K6 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, 198 non-V. parahaemolyticus spp., or 16 non-Vibrio bacterial spp. The minimum level of detection by the PCR method was 1 pg of purified genomic DNA or 10(2) ORF8-positive V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 cells in 100 ml of water. The effectiveness of this method for the detection of ORF8-positive isolates in environmental samples was tested in gulf water seeded with 10-fold serial dilutions of this pathogen. A detection level of 10(3) cells per 100 ml of gulf water was achieved. Also, the applicability of this methodology was tested by the detection of this pathogen in gulf water incubated at various temperatures for 28 days. This PCR approach can potentially be used to monitor with high specificity and well within the required range of sensitivity the occurrence and distribution of this newly emerged pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 strain in coastal, marine, and ship ballast waters. Early detection of V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 will help increase seafood safety and decrease the risk of infectious outbreaks caused by this pathogen.
Copper(II) Binding Modes in the Prion Octapeptide PHGGGWGQ: A Spectroscopic and Voltammetric Study (2000)

The N-terminal octapeptide repeat region of human prion protein (PrPc) is known to bind Cu(II). To investigate the binding modes of copper in PrPc, an octapeptide Ac-PHGGGWGQ-NH2 (1), which corresponds to an octa-repeat sequence, and a tetrapeptide Ac-HGGG-NH2 (2) have been synthesised. The copper(II) complexes formed with 1 and 2 have been studied by circular dichroism (CD) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Both peptides form 1:1 complexes with Cu(II) at neutral and basic pH. CD, ESR and visible absorption spectra suggest a similar co-ordination sphere of the metal ion in both peptides, which at neutral pH consists of a square pyramidal geometry with three peptidic nitrogens and the imidazole nitrogen as donor atoms. Cyclic voltammetric measurements were used to confirm the geometrical features of these copper(II) complexes: the observation of negative redox potentials are in good agreement with the inferred geometry. All these results taken together suggest that peptide 1 provides a single metal binding site to which copper(II) binds strongly at neutral and basic pH and that the binding of the metal induces the formation of a stiffened structure in the HGGG peptide fragment.