gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eﬄux pump-mediated drug resistance in Burkholderia (2015)

Several members of the genus Burkholderia are prominent pathogens. Infections caused by these bacteria are difficult to treat because of significant antibiotic resistance. Virtually all Burkholderia species are also resistant to polymyxin, prohibiting use of drugs like colistin that are available for treatment of infections caused by most other drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Despite clinical significance and antibiotic resistance of Burkholderia species, characterization of eﬄux pumps lags behind other non-enteric Gram-negative pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although eﬄux pumps have been described in several Burkholderia species, they have been best studied in Burkholderia cenocepacia and B. pseudomallei. As in other non-enteric Gram-negatives, eﬄux pumps of the resistance nodulation cell division (RND) family are the clinically most significant eﬄux systems in these two species. Several eﬄux pumps were described in B. cenocepacia, which when expressed confer resistance to clinically significant antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. Three RND pumps have been characterized in B. pseudomallei, two of which confer either intrinsic or acquired resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and in some instances trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole. Several strains of the host-adapted B. mallei, a clone of B. pseudomallei, lack AmrAB-OprA, and are therefore aminoglycoside and macrolide susceptible. B. thailandensis is closely related to B. pseudomallei, but non-pathogenic to humans. Its pump repertoire and ensuing drug resistance profile parallels that of B. pseudomallei. An eﬄux pump in B. vietnamiensis plays a significant role in acquired aminoglycoside resistance. Summarily, eﬄux pumps are significant players in Burkholderia drug resistance.
Lessons learned in using ohmic techniques for battery monitoring (2002)

A joint study was conducted by Lucent Technologies Power Systems and Sprint on the use of ohmic meters in predicting the state of health for VRLA batteries. The first part of the results of the study have been presented in an earlier paper. The second part of the results is presented in this paper, where the effects such as the inter cell connectors, the string size and the number of parallel strings on the online battery ohmic value are studied. These effects can have profound influence on the measured values and can lead to erroneous conclusions in determining the state of health of the batteries. Although ohmic techniques are being used widely in screening the state of health condition of a battery, there is no industry standard in using the technique.
Differential Protection Based on Zero-Sequence Voltages for Generator Stator Ground Fault (2007)

This paper introduces a new differential protection scheme based on zero-sequence voltages with 100% coverage for generator stator ground faults. Analysis shows that the Delta-fundamental zero-sequence voltages and the Delta-third-harmonic voltages at the generator neutral and the terminals will change simultaneously, and they present some similar characteristics. According to that, the new scheme that exploits the fault information of both the zero-sequence fundamental voltage and the third-harmonic voltage is described. As it combines the information of the zero-sequence fundamental voltage and the third-harmonic voltage, the scheme can detect the ground fault with high sensitivity in 100% coverage winding. Simulation and field test results show that the proposed scheme can obtain higher sensitivity than the traditional schemes
55.3: Driving Method of Integrated Gate Driver for Large Area LCD‐TV (2008)

Abstract HD and FHD LCD‐TV panels have been implemented using integrated gate drivers. By removing external gate driver ICs, the number of driver ICs has been reduced to only 2 for a 32″ HD panel. A 46″ FHD 120Hz LCD‐TV panel and a 40″ HD 60Hz panel have also been developed using integrated gate drivers.
pH and Salt Effects on the Associative Phase Separation of Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes (2014)

The classical Voorn-Overbeek thermodynamic theory of complexation and phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes is generalized to account for the charge accessibility and hydrophobicity of polyions, size of salt ions, and pH variations. Theoretical predictions of the effects of pH and salt concentration are compared with published experimental data and experiments we performed, on systems containing poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as the polyacid and poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) or poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) as the polybase. In general, the critical salt concentration below which the mixture phase separates, increases with degree of ionization and with the hydrophobicity of polyelectrolytes. We find experimentally that as the pH is decreased below 7, and PAA monomers are neutralized, the critical salt concentration increases, while the reverse occurs when pH is raised above 7. We predict this asymmetry theoretically by introducing a large positive Flory parameter (= 0.75) for the interaction of neutral PAA monomers with water. This large positive Flory parameter is supported by molecular dynamics simulations, which show much weaker hydrogen bonding between neutral PAA and water than between charged PAA and water, while neutral and charged PDMAEMA show similar numbers of hydrogen bonds. This increased hydrophobicity of neutral PAA at reduced pH increases the tendency towards phase separation despite the reduction in charge interactions between the polyelectrolytes. Water content and volume of coacervate are found to be a strong function of the pH and salt concentration.
Integrated Nanogenerators in Biofluid (2007)

We have demonstrated a prototype ZnO nanowire based nanogenerator (NG) that can effectively generate electricity inside biofluid when stimulated by ultrasonic waves. The potential of increasing output current and voltage was illustrated by connecting multiple NGs in parallel and serial, respectively, clearly demonstrating the possibility of raising output power by three-dimensional integration and architecture. The output current was increased by 20-30 times and reached as high as 35 nA when a 2 mm2 size NG was placed at a region where the ultrasonic waves were focused. This work unambiguously shows the feasibility of NGs for power conversion inside biofluid. It sets a solid foundation for self-powering implantable and wireless nanodevices and nanosystems in biofluid and any other type of liquid.
Oral Administration of Immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1) Improves the Survival of B16 Melanoma-Inoculated Model Mice (2011)

To investigate the usefulness of the immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1) as a supportive drug in melanoma therapy, we analyzed the immunological effects of IP-PA1 on melanoma-inoculated model mice. Oral administration of IP-PA1 increased the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at 2 h after the administration and interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-12 at 12 h after the administration in naïve BALB/cCrSlc mice as evaluated by ELISA. IP-PA1 did not affect the proliferation of melanoma cells directly determined by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Combinatory treatment of IP-PA1 with doxorubicin for 9 days increased the serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 by 71.0 and 15.3%, respectively, compared to the treatment of doxorubicin alone in melanoma-bearing C57BL/6NCrSlc mice as evaluated by ELISA. It also increased the proportion of natural killer (NK) cells and the ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+) T cells in the spleen from 6.1 ± 0.3 to 7.4 ± 0.5% and from 1.25 ± 0.03 to 1.38 ± 0.04, respectively, compared to the treatment of doxorubicin alone as analyzed by flow cytometry. The mean survival period of melanoma-bearing, doxorubicin treated mice was prolonged from 31.4 ± 7.1 to 35.3 ± 8.4, 51.1 ± 5.4, and 45.0 ± 8.4 days by combinatory treatment of IP-PA1 at the daily doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest the usefulness of IP-PA1 as a supportive drug in melanoma therapy.
Wnt3a deficiency irreversibly impairs hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and leads to defects in progenitor cell differentiation (2008)

Canonical Wnt signaling has been implicated in various aspects of hematopoiesis. Its role is controversial due to different outcomes between various inducible Wnt-signaling loss-of-function models and also compared with gain-of-function systems. We therefore studied a mouse deficient for a Wnt gene that seemed to play a nonredundant role in hematopoiesis. Mice lacking Wnt3a die prenatally around embryonic day (E) 12.5, allowing fetal hematopoiesis to be studied using in vitro assays and transplantation into irradiated recipient mice. Here we show that Wnt3a deficiency leads to a reduction in the numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells in the fetal liver (FL) and to severely reduced reconstitution capacity as measured in secondary transplantation assays. This deficiency is irreversible and cannot be restored by transplantation into Wnt3a competent mice. The impaired long-term repopulation capacity of Wnt3a(-/-) HSCs could not be explained by altered cell cycle or survival of primitive progenitors. Moreover, Wnt3a deficiency affected myeloid but not B-lymphoid development at the progenitor level, and affected immature thymocyte differentiation. Our results show that Wnt3a signaling not only provides proliferative stimuli, such as for immature thymocytes, but also regulates cell fate decisions of HSC during hematopoiesis.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 DNA Polymerase Requires the Mammalian Chaperone Hsp90 for Proper Localization to the Nucleus (2005)

Many viruses and bacteriophage utilize chaperone systems for DNA replication and viral morphogenesis. We have previously shown that in the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-infected cell nucleus, foci enriched in the Hsp70/Hsp40 chaperone machinery are formed adjacent to viral replication compartments (A. D. Burch and S. K. Weller, J. Virol. 78:7175-7185, 2004). These foci have now been named virus-induced chaperone-enriched (VICE) foci. Since the Hsp90 chaperone machinery is known to engage the Hsp70/Hsp40 system in eukaryotes, the subcellular localization of Hsp90 in HSV-1-infected cells was analyzed. Hsp90 is found within viral replication compartments as well as in the Hsp70/Hsp40-enriched foci. Geldanamycin, an inhibitor of Hsp90, results in decreased HSV-1 yields and blocks viral DNA synthesis. Furthermore, we have found that the viral DNA polymerase is mislocalized to the cytoplasm in both infected and transfected cells in the presence of geldanamycin. Additionally, in the presence of an Hsp90 inhibitor, proteasome-dependent degradation of the viral polymerase was detected by Western blot analysis. These data identify the HSV-1 polymerase as a putative client protein of the Hsp90 chaperone system. Perturbations in this association appear to result in degradation, aberrant folding, and/or intracellular localization of the viral polymerase.
Design optimization of the graded AlGaN/GaN HEMT device performance based on material and physical dimensions (2019)

Purpose To design and optimize the traditional aluminum gallium nitride/gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) device in achieving improved performance and current handling capability using the Synopsys’ Sentaurus TCAD tool. Design/methodology/approach Varying material and physical considerations, specifically investigating the effects of graded barriers, spacer interlayer, material selection for the channel, as well as study of the effects in the physical dimensions of the HEMT, have been extensively carried out. Findings Critical figure-of-merits, specifically the DC characteristics, 2DEG concentrations and mobility of the heterostructure device, have been evaluated. Significant observations include enhancement of maximum current density by 63 per cent, whereas the electron concentration was found to propagate by 1,020 cm −3 in the channel. Practical implications This work aims to provide tactical optimization to traditional heterostructure field effect transistors, rendering its application as power amplifiers, Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMICs) and Radar, which requires low noise performance and very high radio frequency design operations. Originality/value Analysis in covering the breadth and complexity of heterostructure devices has been carefully executed through extensive TCAD modeling, and the end structure obtained has been optimized to provide best performance.
Regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial function by MEF2 and HDAC5 (2003)

The myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcription factor regulates muscle development and calcium-dependent gene expression. MEF2 activity is repressed by class II histone deacetylases (HDACs), which dissociate from MEF2 when phosphorylated on two serine residues in response to calcium signaling. To explore the potential importance of MEF2/HDAC interactions in the heart, we generated transgenic mice expressing a signal-resistant form of HDAC5 under cardiac-specific and doxycycline-inducible regulation. Transgene expression resulted in sudden death in male mice accompanied by loss and morphologic changes of cardiac mitochondria and down-regulation of mitochondrial enzymes. The transcriptional coactivator PGC-1 alpha, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, was also down-regulated in response to HDAC5 expression. Examination of the PGC-1 alpha promoter revealed two MEF2-binding sites that mediate transcriptional activation by MEF2 and repression by HDAC5. These findings identify PGC-1 alpha as a key target of the MEF2/HDAC regulatory pathway and demonstrate this pathway's importance in maintenance of cardiac mitochondrial function.
Simple and Compelling Biomimetic Metal–Organic Framework Catalyst for the Degradation of Nerve Agent Simulants (2013)

Abstract Inspired by biology, in which a bimetallic hydroxide‐bridged zinc(II)‐containing enzyme is utilized to catalytically hydrolyze phosphate ester bonds, the utility of a zirconium(IV)‐cluster‐containing metal–organic framework as a catalyst for the methanolysis and hydrolysis of phosphate‐based nerve agent simulants was examined. The combination of the strong Lewis‐acidic Zr IV and bridging hydroxide anions led to ultrafast half‐lives for these solvolysis reactions. This is especially remarkable considering that the actual catalyst loading was a mere 0.045 % as a result of the surface‐only catalysis observed.
Conservative garbage collection on distributed shared memory systems (2002)

In this paper we present the design and implementation of a conservative garbage collection algorithm for distributed shared memory (DSM) applications that use weakly-typed languages like C or C++, and evaluate its performance. In the absence of language support to identify references, our algorithm constructed a conservative approximation of the set of cross-node references based on local information only. It was also designed to tolerate memory inconsistency on DSM systems that use relaxed consistency protocols. These techniques enabled every node to perform garbage collections without communicating with others, effectively avoiding the high cost of cross-node communication in networks of workstations. We measured the performance of our garbage collector against explicit programmer management using three application programs. In two out of the three programs the performance of the GC version is within 15% of the explicit version. The results showed that the garbage collector has two effects on application programs. On one hand, it tends to reduce memory locality, increasing the communication cost; on the other hand, it may eliminate synchronization and memory accesses that would be incurred if memory were managed by the programmer reducing the communication cost.
Measuring the structure of highly reflecting fiber Bragg gratings (2003)

We demonstrate a new technique that enables us to measure the structure of highly reflecting fiber Bragg gratings. The impulse response function is measured from both sides of the grating using a low-coherence spectral interferometry technique. An inverse scattering algorithm is used to extract the refractive-index profiles from the measured impulse responses. The reconstruction of the grating is performed by combining the refractive-index profiles, measured from both sides of the grating. The transfer function of the optical spectrum analyzer is measured and used to correct the measured results. The interrogation of an apodized grating with a reflectivity of 99.91% is demonstrated.
In-band amplified spontaneous emission noise filtering with a dispersion-imbalanced nonlinear loop mirror (1998)

This paper reports the removal of in-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise in a 10 Gb/s noise-loaded return-to-zero (RZ) signal using a dispersion-imbalanced loop mirror. The resulting receiver sensitivity is improved from -37.0 dBm to -37.7 dBm. The dependence of receiver sensitivity on the loop mirror bias is also investigated, and the optimal bias point is found to be where the loop transmissivity decreases with increasing input power.
Experimental models of heart failure (1985)

Experimental models of heart failure can be used to address specific questions not easily answered in patients, but no single model can reproduce exactly any of the clinical syndromes of heart failure since these are dominated by fatigue and breathlessness. Heart failure may be induced experimentally by pressure loading, volume loading, myocardial infarction, or by the creation of other disease states within the myocardium. Pressure loading may be especially useful in the study of ventricular hypertrophy, cellular derangements and vascular changes. Volume loading may be useful when examining the pathogenesis of hormone and electrolyte disturbances. Models of myocardial infarction or destruction are likely to be the most suitable for assessing novel therapy provided that peripheral reflexes are maintained. Experimental cardiomyopathy can provide an important means of identifying pathological subcellular mechanisms. They may be of use in the evaluation of vasodilator drugs but caution should be exercised in the study of inotropic agents. Any one model may be useful if it permits study of a single factor or variable in isolation or at a time when information is not obtainable from patients. For greatest clinical relevance, studies should be made in conscious animals with intact reflexes.
Shareability in optical networks: beyond bandwidth optimization (2004)

We extend the famous path protection sharing scheme and introduce the generalized sharing concept. In this concept, we allow for additional sharing of important node devices in order to reduce network cost. These node devices (e.g., optical-electronic-optical regenerators and pure all-optical converters) constitute the dominant cost factor in an optical backbone network, and reduction of their number is of paramount importance. For demonstration purposes, we extend the concept of 1:N shared path protection to allow for the sharing of electronic regenerators needed to cope with optical transmission impairments. Considerable cost reductions in electronic budget are demonstrated through numerical examples.
Prostacyclin analogues inhibit tissue factor expression in the human monocytic cell line THP-1 via a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism. (1992)

Increased expression of tissue factor procoagulant by peripheral blood monocytes has been implicated in a number of thrombotic disorders. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether stable analogues of prostacyclin, a potent endothelium-derived platelet inhibitor and vasodilator, could inhibit tissue factor expression by human monocytic cells. Exposure of monocytic tumor THP-1 cells to 100 ng/ml endotoxin, 2 units/ml interleukin-1 beta, or 5 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-alpha for 4 hours led to increased tissue factor procoagulant activity. Preincubation for 30 minutes with iloprost, ciprostene, and carbacyclin led to a dose-dependent inhibition of tissue factor expression induced by all three challenging agents. Iloprost was the most potent: 50% inhibition occurred at 5 nM, a concentration close to the reported dissociation constant for iloprost binding to the platelet prostacyclin receptor. An orally active analogue, cicaprost, was equally effective against endotoxin-induced tissue factor expression. Carbacyclin and ciprostene were 100 times less potent. Iloprost prevented the endotoxin-induced expression of tissue factor antigen on the surface of THP-1 cells, as determined by flow cytometry. Iloprost (500 pM-50 nM) increased intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. This effect was potentiated by isobutylmethylxanthine, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. The inhibitory effects of iloprost on tissue factor expression were also potentiated by isobutylmethylxanthine and mimicked by forskolin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP but not dibutyryl cyclic GMP. These results suggest that prostacyclin may play a role in downregulating tissue factor expression in monocytes, at least in part via elevation of intracellular levels of cyclic AMP.
A Multi-tunnel VPN Concurrent System for New Generation Network Based on User Space (2012)

In the existing large-scale performance test of IPsec tunnel, it often needs special software and hardware. To solve the problem, this article proposed a new method, in which packet was encapsulated in user space, and a multi-tunnel controller was designed and implemented with the method of FSM(finite state machine), which controlled the negotiation and establishment of multiple tunnel, including L2tp, IKEv1, IKEv2, IKEv2+EAP and L2tp Over IPsec. Libpcap was used as the bottom layer driver of package, and the application of zero copy technique had reduced system cost immensely. At last, the result of the experiment verified the performance of the IKEv1 tunnel on Tunnel-mode and Transport-mode.
Regulation of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis by p53 (2008)

The p53 gene encodes a multi-functional protein to prevent tumorigenesis. Although there have been many reports of the nuclear functions of p53, little is known about the cytosolic functions of p53. Here, we found that p53 is present in cytosol as well as nuclei under unstressed conditions and binds to clathrin heavy chain (CHC). CHC is known to play a role in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Based on our findings, we examined the effect of p53 on clathrin-mediated endocytosis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Surprisingly, p53 co-localized with CHC at the plasma membrane in response to EGF stimulation. In cells with ablated p53 expression by RNAi, EGFR internalization was delayed and intracellular signaling from EGFR was altered. Thus, our findings provide evidence that cytosolic p53 may participate in the regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis to control the correct signaling from EGFR.