gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incorporating positive interactions in aquatic restoration and conservation (2007)

The role of positive interactions in structuring biological communities is recognized throughout the field of ecology, but has yet to be well integrated into the restoration and conservation of aquatic systems. Here, we use examples of success in terrestrial restoration to (1) describe how a broader perspective on the scale and nature of positive interactions is necessary if we are to take full advantage of their conservation potential and (2) explain why and when positive interactions should be considered in restoration and conservation of marine, estuarine, and freshwater habitats. Such goals can be accomplished without considering positive interactions, and situations certainly exist in which positive interactions should play a minor role in restoration plans. However, a more explicit recognition of these interactions will make restoration and conservation more successful. In some cases, restoration activities may fail if these interactions are not included.
A Study of Gas-Centered Swirl Coaxial Injectors using X-ray Radiography (2012)

Abstract : Gas-centered swirl coaxial injectors, a specific type of airblast atomizer, are of interest in rocket propulsion applications. These applications require good mixing of the liquid and gas to ensure complete combustion within the engine. While strides are being made on the computational front, predictions of the mass distributions achieved with this type of injector remain too costly or too inaccurate for engineering design. There has been, therefore, a reliance on experimental results. Unfortunately, the mass flow rates and the strong gas phase typically encountered in rocket engines create sprays with high optical densities and render the vast majority of optical and laser techniques ineffective. Data has been obtainable through mechanical patternation, but the technique has limitations. Time-gated ballistic imaging has also shown promise in rocket injectors but produces only qualitative information. An x-ray radiographic technique with a high-brilliance x-ray source (Advanced Photon Source) has been applied to these high-optical-density sprays. To achieve this testing a new, mobile flow facility was constructed; this facility simulates the rocket flows using water and nitrogen instead of fuel and oxidizer. The x-ray radiography technique has been able to measure equilvent path length in gas-centered swirl coaxial injectors at a range of typical operating conditions. These results and their implications for gas- centered swirl coaxial injector performance in liquid rocket engines are discussed.
Genome‐wide analysis of T‐DNA integration into the chromosomes of<i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> (2007)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) has become a prevalent tool for functional genomics of fungi, but our understanding of T-DNA integration into the fungal genome remains limited relative to that in plants. Using a model plant-pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, here we report the most comprehensive analysis of T-DNA integration events in fungi and the development of an informatics infrastructure, termed a T-DNA analysis platform (TAP). We identified a total of 1110 T-DNA-tagged locations (TTLs) and processed the resulting data via TAP. Analysis of the TTLs showed that T-DNA integration was biased among chromosomes and preferred the promoter region of genes. In addition, irregular patterns of T-DNA integration, such as chromosomal rearrangement and readthrough of plasmid vectors, were also observed, showing that T-DNA integration patterns into the fungal genome are as diverse as those of their plant counterparts. However, overall the observed junction structures between T-DNA borders and flanking genomic DNA sequences revealed that T-DNA integration into the fungal genome was more canonical than those observed in plants. Our results support the potential of ATMT as a tool for functional genomics of fungi and show that the TAP is an effective informatics platform for handling data from large-scale insertional mutagenesis.
Expression and Localization of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Rat Placenta:<i>In Vitro</i>Secretion and Regulation of its Peptide Product (1990)

The placenta is the source of many hypothalamic peptides. We now report that GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) mRNA was detectable in rat placenta. On Northern blot hybridization analysis, the size of the placental GHRH transcript was the same with the putative GHRH precursor mRNA. On in situ hybridization, the cells expressing the GHRH mRNA had the morphological characteristics of cytotrophoblasts. In addition, immunoreactive (IR) postranslational products of GHRH were present in rat placental extracts and in the effluent of in vitro perifused placentae. On gel filtration chromatography, the bulk of IR-GHRH present in placental extracts and perifusion effluent had the same size as the authentic hypothalamic GHRH (5.2K). A higher mol wt form of IR-GHRH of about 10K was also present and may represent the pro-GHRH predicted from the sequence of the GHRH cDNA. The mean basal release of IR-GHRH in the perifusion effluent from full thickness rat placental fragments was 337.3 +/- 38.5 (+/- SE; n = 48) pg/10 min fraction.g tissue. Depolarization by 56 mM KCl increased the concentration of the secreted immunoreactive peptide to 632.2 +/- 50.5. A 10-min exposure to 8-bromo-cAMP caused an immediate, monophasic, and dose-dependent increase in IR-GHRH secretion, which lasted between 20-30 min. The ensuing response to a KCl pulse was similar in size and pattern to that in the control channels. In contrast, a 10-min pulse of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (a protein kinase-C-irreversible activator) induced a gradual, prolonged, and dose-dependent increase in basal GHRH secretion which lasted for at least 4 h. Additionally, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate enhanced KCl-induced GHRH secretion. In conclusion, our data suggest that the GHRH gene is expressed in the rat placenta. The placental GHRH transcript and its peptide products appear to have the same size as their hypothalamic counterparts, while the site of its placental GHRH synthesis is the cytotrophoblast. Finally, the secretion of placental GHRH seems to be regulated by both the adenyl cyclase and the protein kinase-C pathways.
Superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O crystalline fibers prepared by the micro-Czochralski method (1989)

Superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O crystalline fibers were successfully prepared by the micro-Czochralski method from Bi2Sr2 CaCu2 Ox source ceramic rods. The maximum length of the fibers obtained was 55 mm (0.3 mm diameter). The fiber crystal grains were oriented with the current carrying a-b basal planes parallel to the fiber axis. The values of Tc (zero) and Jc (77 K and zero magnetic field) for these fibers were ∼84 K and ∼3170 A/cm2 , respectively.
Quality control of vegetable oil methyl esters used as diesel fuel substitutes: Quantitative determination of mono‐, di‐, and triglycerides by capillary GC (1992)

Abstract Vegetable oil methyl esters are increasingly being used as substitutes for petroleum‐based diesel fuels. Because the presence of triglycerides and partial glycerides in the fuel as a result of incomplete transesterification of vegetable oils can lead to serious engine problems, continuous quality control of the product is essential. A rapid gas chromatographic method has been developed for the quantitative determination of mono‐, di‐, and triglycerides in vegetable oil methyl esters. Prior to analysis, mono‐, and diglycerides were silylated with N , O ‐bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide; tridecanoin was used as internal standard. Calibration was performed by analysis of standard solutions containing mono‐, di‐, and triolein: the calibration plots for mono‐ and diglycerides showed good linearity, whereas for triglycerides no linearity was observed for triolein concentrations below 0.05 mg/ml. When a non‐linear multi level calibration was employed for the quantitation of triglycerides, the method gave excellent quantitative results for mono‐, di‐, and triglycerides in vegetable oil methyl esters.
Molecular Sieve Adsorbent Applications State of the Art (1977)

The use of molecular sieves as a highly versatile means of performing difficult separations has become firmly established. In addition to a review of both regenerative and non-regenerative applications, it is shown that the invention of new molecular sieves, tailored to provide an almost limitless variety of product performance characteristics, promises the continued discovery and development of new and exciting separation applications.
The Epistatic Interrelationships of IL-1, IL-1 Receptor Antagonist, and the Type I IL-1 Receptor (2002)

Mice lacking the gene for the IL-1R antagonist (IL-1ra) show abnormal development and homeostasis as well as altered responses to infectious and inflammatory stimuli. A reduction in the level of IL-1 signaling, either by deletion of the receptor or increased expression of IL-1ra, does not affect development or homeostasis, but does alter immune responses. In this study we use genetic epistasis to investigate the interdependence of selected genes in the IL-1 family in the regulation of these developmental and immunological processes. Deletion of the gene encoding the type I IL-1R (IL-1RI) is epistatic to deletion of the IL-1ra gene. Therefore, all functions of IL-1ra depend upon the presence of a functional receptor; there is no other target. Similarly, overexpression of the mRNA encoding the secreted form of IL-1ra is epistatic to deletion of the receptor antagonist, leaving the role of the intracellular splice variants of IL-1ra unknown. The abnormal development of IL-1ra-deficient mice is probably due to chronic overstimulation of the proinflammatory pathway via IL-1, but a clear single pathological defect is not apparent. These results support the model that the only essential function of IL-1ra in both health and disease is competitive inhibition of the IL-1RI.
Development of WF10, a novel macrophage-regulating agent. (2002)

WF10 represents a new class of drug involved in regulating macrophage function both in vitro and in vivo. In the US, WF10 is being evaluated in patients with advanced HIV infection as an adjunct to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). To date, most therapeutic efforts to treat HIV infection have focused on inhibition of viral replication with the goal of decreasing viral load. The introduction of HAART was associated with a dramatic decline in AIDS-related mortality; however, recent indications suggest that the trend maybe changing. WF10, which contains chlorite as the active principle, causes profound changes in macrophage function and activation of gene expression, and appears to downregulate inappropriate immunological activation. The loss of T-cell function observed in HIV-infected patients likely requires the involvement of chronically activated macrophages. Therefore, the persistently activated macrophage represents a therapeutic target that is, unlike HIV, not highly mutable. With this target as a focus, WF10 is being developed for use in advanced HIV disease. WF10 is currently being studied in the US, Europe and Asia for treatment of late-stage HIV disease, as well as recurrent prostate cancer, late post-radiation cystitis, autoimmune disease and chronic active hepatitis C disease.
Low Back Pain in Police Officers (2006)

Low back pain (LBP) is something that police officers deal with on a daily basis. The purpose of this research was to explore whether police officers have a higher incidence of LBP than the general population and to explore what factors officers believe contribute to the LBP they experience. Surveys were made available to all police departments in Kent County and all sworn officers were asked to participate. The difference between LBP experienced by police officers (60.2%) and that experienced by the general population (60-90%) was not found to be significant. The top two answers given by officers as to what contributed to their LBP were the duty belt (53.8%) and the vehicle they drive (54.8%). Further research is warranted to look at interventions to modify the vehicle or the duty belt.
<title>Application of augmented reality to the industrial systems for signalisation of emergency situations</title> (2006)

One of the important measures to prevent undesired events consists in informing a machine operator about the appearance of a hazardous situation quickly and effectively enough. In order to conduct the investigations into possibilities of application of the Augmented Reality systems assigned for drawing the operator's attention to the hazards appearing at the workstation, two special test stands have been developed. For that purpose special glasses applying commonly available safety glasses have been designed for generation of warning signals. Red luminescent diodes were employed for generation of virtual images formed by means of diaphragms, which shaped it and supplied with additional inscriptions. The initial perception tests of the warning signals generated using the AG technique that were performed have proved that these signals can successfully serve as a warning to the machine or device operator against an impending hazardous event.
Potent and Selective Structure-Based Dibenzofuran Inhibitors of Transthyretin Amyloidogenesis:  Kinetic Stabilization of the Native State (2005)

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidogenesis requires rate-limiting tetramer dissociation and partial monomer denaturation to produce a misassembly competent species. This process has been followed by turbidity to identify transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors including dibenzofuran-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (1). An X-ray cocrystal structure of TTR.1(2) reveals that it only utilizes the outer portion of the two thyroxine binding pockets to bind to and inhibit TTR amyloidogenesis. Herein, structure-based design was employed to append aryl substituents at C1 of the dibenzofuran ring to complement the unused inner portion of the thyroxine binding pockets. Twenty-eight amyloidogenesis inhibitors of increased potency and dramatically increased plasma TTR binding selectivity resulted. These function by imposing kinetic stabilization on the native tetrameric structure of TTR, creating a barrier that is insurmountable under physiological conditions. Since kinetic stabilization of the TTR native state by interallelic trans suppression is known to ameliorate disease, there is reason to be optimistic that the dibenzofuran-based inhibitors will do the same. Preventing the onset of amyloidogenesis is the most conservative strategy to intervene clinically, as it remains unclear which of the TTR misassembly intermediates results in toxicity. The exceptional binding selectivity enables these inhibitors to occupy the thyroxine binding site(s) in a complex biological fluid such as blood plasma, required for inhibition of amyloidogenesis in humans. It is now established that the dibenzofuran-based amyloidogenesis inhibitors have high selectivity, affinity, and efficacy and are thus excellent candidates for further pharmacologic evaluation.
Proposal for novel magnetic memory device with spin momentum locking materials (2017)

In this work, novel magnetic memory device is proposed based on fascinating Spin Momentum Locking (SML) materials. The device utilizes direct spin current to charge current conversion and don't need Magnetic Tunneling Junction (MTJ) structure. The NOR, NAND and 3D array structure of the proposed magnetic memory device are demonstrated and discussed.
High Density Lipoprotein-induced Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase Activation Is Mediated by Akt and MAP Kinases (2003)

High density lipoprotein (HDL) activates endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to increased production of the antiatherogenic molecule NO. A variety of stimuli regulate eNOS activity through signaling pathways involving Akt kinase and/or mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. In the present study, we investigated the role of kinase cascades in HDL-induced eNOS stimulation in cultured endothelial cells and COS M6 cells transfected with eNOS and the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor B-I. HDL (10-50 microg/ml, 20 min) caused eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1179, and dominant negative Akt inhibited both HDL-mediated phosphorylation and activation of the enzyme. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 kinase) inhibition or dominant negative PI3 kinase also blocked the phosphorylation and activation of eNOS by HDL. Studies with genistein and PP2 showed that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, Src, is an upstream stimulator of the PI3 kinase-Akt pathway in this paradigm. In addition, HDL activated MAP kinase through PI3 kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibition fully attenuated eNOS stimulation by HDL without affecting Akt or eNOS Ser-1179 phosphorylation. Conversely, dominant negative Akt did not alter HDL-induced MAP kinase activation. These results indicate that HDL stimulates eNOS through common upstream, Src-mediated signaling, which leads to parallel activation of Akt and MAP kinases and their resultant independent modulation of the enzyme.
Enterically induced immunologic tolerance. I. Induction of suppressor T lymphoyctes by intragastric administration of soluble proteins. (1978)

Joseph St. Julien Yates is dissatisfied with President Taft's denial of charges leveled at Henry Lincoln Johnson and Benjamin Davis, both of whom are Taft delegates in Georgia. Yates questions whether the charges have been investigated or dismissed and is distressed that Taft would be represented by such characters.
Comparison of oscillometric pulse amplitude envelopes recorded from the locally compressed radial arteries (2010)

Simultaneously recorded oscillometric envelopes, obtained pneumo- and photoplethysmographically from a small local pad-type pneumatic cuff on the left and from a larger cuff on the right radial artery, were compared in 17 healthy subjects. For oscillometric estimation, specific fixed ratios based on evidence in the literature were used. The obtained envelopes for each person were shifted and aligned at the point of upper arm mean arterial pressure for this person, thus eliminating the brachial-to-radial mean blood pressure gradient and possible left-right difference. In this way, the shape of differently recorded envelopes as a determinant of the accuracy of oscillometric estimation was studied. Results showed an advantage of photoplethysmographically compared to pneumoplethysmographically recorded envelopes. For a smaller cuff (diameter 40mm), the mean difference in mmHg 'oscillometric estimate minus auscultatory reference' and standard deviation were in the case of photo recording for systolic and diastolic pressures -0.6 (6.3) and 1.2 (3.4), respectively. In the case of pneumo recording, these parameters were considerably larger, being 12.1 (11.9) and -6.2 (10.9), respectively. For a larger cuff the same tendency was revealed. Photo recording was found to be less sensitive to alterations in the cuff size and characteristic ratios.
6 Circular DNA Plasmids of Yeasts (1991)

I. INTRODUCTION In addition to chromosomes and mitochondrial DNA, the genomes of most yeasts encompass a variety of stable extrachromosomal elements. These include double-stranded DNA plasmids, such as 2-micron circle and 2-micron-circle-like plasmids described in this chapter; double-stranded RNA viruses, described by Wickner (this volume); and a variety of retrotransposons, reviewed by Boeke and Sandmeyer (this volume). Because these elements appear neither to confer any selective advantages to the cells in which they are resident nor to inflict any particular harm, they most likely represent various forms of benign molecular parasitism. As such, each type of extrachromosomal element has evolved various strategies to subvert aspects of the host’s reproductive machinery to its own ends without placing undue stress on the host itself. Recent attempts to appreciate the molecular basis for the delicate tightrope act underlying the successful persistence of 2-micron circle have revealed novel and elegant processes of genome replication and segregation. Probing these processes has provided new and valuable perspectives on the analysis of DNA metabolism, cellular and nuclear architecture, and segregation of nuclear components during division. Not only have these studies uncovered unexpected mechanisms for selective amplification of specific DNA sequences and control of DNA replication, but they also have afforded the development of specialized vectors that have facilitated the use of yeast in the scientific and commercial application of genetic engineering. In this paper, we summarize our current understanding of the molecular biology of 2-micron circle, with special emphasis on those processes responsible for its successful persistence.
The Extraction of Gold and Silver by Electroelution of Strong-Base Polymeric Resins (1993)

This work presents experimental results for gold and silver recovery from alkaline cyanide solutions using electroelution of strong-base polymeric resins. Resins loaded with 0.3 g of silver per g of dry resin and 4.25 × 10−3 g of gold per g of dry resin give recoveries higher than 80% using an electrolytic cell with stainless-steel parallel plates as electrodes and current densities of 7.4 × 10−3 and 1.3 × 10−3 A cm−2, respectively. Résumé Ce travail présente les résultats expérimentaux du recouvrement de l'or et de l'argent à partir de solutions cyanurées alcalines en utilisant l'electroelution de résines polymériques fortement basiques. Les résines contenant 0.3 g d'argent par de résine sèche et 4.25 × 10−3 g d'or par g de résine sèche favorisent un recouvrement supérieur à 80% lorsque la cellule électrolytique est composée de plaques-électrodes parallèles en acier inoxydable soumises à des courants respectifs de 7.4 × 10−3 et 1.3 × 10−3 A cm−2 respectivement.
Race Bias in Social Studies (1974)

This is the second article in the series by Mr. Spalding. After reading it, most teachers will feel the need to scrutinize carefully the books currently in use in their classrooms. In the next issue, Mr. Spalding will write about the transmission and reinforcement of prejudice.
Approaches to the construction of new candidate poliovirus type 3 vaccine strains. (1993)

The World Health Organization has called for improvements to oral polio vaccines (OPV), particularly the type 3 component. Our improved understanding of the genetic basis of attenuation and antigenicity of this strain gives rise to possibilities for constructing new derivatives via mutagenesis of infectious cDNA. This article reviews progress made with various approaches to constructing a new type 3 candidate vaccine strain. These include the construction of antigen chimaeras of poliovirus based on the Sabin type 1 strain, the introduction of new genetically stable attenuation mutations into the 5' non-coding region (NCR) of the type 3 poliovirus genome, and the introduction of mutations which may increase the thermostability of the type 3 vaccine.
Misoprostol: Pharmacokinetic profiles, effects on the uterus and side‐effects (2007)

Misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, is commonly used for medical abortion, cervical priming, the management of miscarriage, induction of labor and the management of postpartum hemorrhage. It can be given orally, vaginally, sublingually, buccally or rectally. Studies of misoprostol's pharmacokinetics and effects on uterine activity have demonstrated the properties of the drug after various routes of administration. These studies can help to discover the optimal dose and route of administration of misoprostol for individual clinical applications. Misoprostol is a safe drug but serious complications and teratogenicity can occur with unsupervised use.