gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subunit Structure and Regulation of Protein Phosphatase-1 in Rat Liver Nuclei (1995)

The activity of protein phosphatase-1 in rat liver nuclei (PP-1N) was decreased by up to 97% by associated inhibitory polypeptides, depending on the assay and extraction conditions. These inhibitors were rapidly degraded by endogenous proteases, resulting in the accumulation of active heat-stable intermediates. Two major species of PP-1N could be differentiated by fractionation of a nuclear extract. PP-1NR111 contained, besides the delta-isoform of the catalytic subunit, an inhibitory polypeptide of 111 kDa. PP-1NR41 was found to be an inactive heterodimer between the delta-isoform of the catalytic subunit and NIPP-1, a nuclear inhibitor of PP-1, which in its undegraded form is heat labile and migrates during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a polypeptide of 41 kDa. Native hepatic NIPP-1 displayed a reduced affinity for the catalytic subunit after phosphorylation by protein kinase A in vitro and after glucagon-induced phosphorylation in vivo.
Inhibition of cytotoxic activity of ascorbate by human cancer patient sera. (1997)

Cytotoxic activity of sodium ascorbate against a human glioblastoma T98G cell line was concentration-dependently inhibited by serum in the RPMI1640 medium. The inhibitory effect of sera from pancreatic or stomach cancer patients was significantly higher than that of fetal bovine serum (FBS), with or without heat-inactivation. The cytotoxic activity of sodium ascorbate almost completely disappeared in 60-80% of patient sera. ESR spectroscopy revealed that both patient sera and FBS increased the ascorbyl radical intensity, but to significantly lower extents, as compared with that attained by RPMI1640 medium. The present study suggests the importance of re-evaluating the efficacy of not only ascorbate but also other chemotherapeutic drugs under more physiological conditions.
A continuously-calibrated 10 M sample/s 12 b 3.3 V ADC (2002)

Continuous calibration allows a converter to function continuously in the presence of environmental fluctuations and supply variations by periodically correcting for errors without interrupting the ADC output. This paper introduces a technique for continuously calibrating a pipelined A/D converter. Calibration is performed in the analog domain so as to avoid high-linearity calibration hardware or complex signal processing. A 10 MS ample/s, 12b converter implemented in a conventional 0.5 /spl mu/m, single-poly, four-metal, CMOS technology operates from a 3.3V supply. This experimental circuit digitizes a 4.8 MHz signal with a peak SNDR of 67 dB.
Soluble Receptor-Induced Retroviral Infection of Receptor-Deficient Cells (2000)

Current models of retroviral entry hypothesize that interactions between the host cell receptor(s) and viral envelope protein induce structural changes in the envelope protein that convert it to an active conformation, allowing it to mediate fusion with the membrane. Recent evidence supporting this hypothesis is the demonstration that Tva, the receptor for subgroup A avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (ASLV-A), induces conformational changes in the viral envelope protein. These changes include conversion of the envelope protein to an active, membrane-binding state likely representing a fusogenic conformation. To determine whether binding of the soluble Tva (sTva) receptor was sufficient to activate fully the fusogenic potential of the ASLV-A envelope protein, we have evaluated the ability of ASLV-A to infect receptor-deficient cell lines in the presence of sTva. Soluble receptor efficiently mediated infection of cells devoid of endogenous Tva in a dose-dependent manner, and this infection was dependent absolutely on the addition of sTva. The infectivity of the virus was enhanced dramatically in the presence of the polycationic polymer Polybrene or when centrifugal forces were applied during inoculation, resulting in viral titers comparable to those achieved on cells expressing endogenous receptor. sTva functioned to mediate infection at low concentrations, approaching the estimated binding constant of the receptor and viral envelope protein. These results demonstrate that receptor binding can activate the ASLV-A envelope protein and convert it to a fusogenic conformation competent to mediate the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes.
Ettlinger at Bay: can visual agnosia be explained by low-level visual impairments? (1998)

Abstract The importance of the inferior temporal neocortex in visual discrimination learning and remembering in macaque monkeys was established in the 1950s by several investigators, including George Ettlinger. It is salutary to note that the importance of the ventral temporal lobe in vision was established by Ettlinger and his contemporaries long before extra-striate visual areas were known, as demonstrated electrophysiologically. Although the monkeys with inferotemporal or latero-ventral prestriate ablation were visually ‘agnosic’ their sensory status was resolutely normal, with the exception of chromatic discrimination, which is irrelevant to achromatic shape perception.
EVOLUTION OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM (ITS) AND ITS MODEL RESEARCH (2000)

This paper first gives an overview of the evolution of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This is followed by a discussion on modelling, its functionality in ITS, and the benefits achieved from the modelling process. The paper concludes with a discussion on standardization issues related to ITS.
ALK, ROS1, and NTRK Rearrangements in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2017)

ALK, ROS1, and NTRK rearrangements define a new rare subtype of mCRC with extremely poor prognosis. Primary tumor site, MSI-high, and RAS and BRAF wild-type status may help to identify patients bearing these alterations. While sensitivity to available treatments is limited, targeted strategies inhibiting ALK, ROS, and TrkA-B-C provided encouraging results.
Distinguishing the Central Drive to Tremor in Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor (2015)

Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) are the two most common movement disorders. Both have been associated with similar patterns of network activation leading to the suggestion that they may result from similar network dysfunction, specifically involving the cerebellum. Here, we demonstrate that parkinsonian tremors and ETs result from distinct patterns of interactions between neural oscillators. These patterns are reflected in the tremors' derived frequency tolerance, a novel measure readily attainable from bedside accelerometry. Frequency tolerance characterizes the temporal evolution of tremor by quantifying the range of frequencies over which the tremor may be considered stable. We found that patients with PD (N = 24) and ET (N = 21) were separable based on their frequency tolerance, with PD associated with a broad range of stable frequencies whereas ET displayed characteristics consistent with a more finely tuned oscillatory drive. Furthermore, tremor was selectively entrained by transcranial alternating current stimulation applied over cerebellum. Narrow frequency tolerances predicted stronger entrainment of tremor by stimulation, providing good evidence that the cerebellum plays an important role in pacing those tremors. The different patterns of frequency tolerance could be captured with a simple model based on a broadly coupled set of neural oscillators for PD, but a more finely tuned set of oscillators in ET. Together, these results reveal a potential organizational principle of the human motor system, whose disruption in PD and ET dictates how patients respond to empirical, and potentially therapeutic, interventions that interact with their underlying pathophysiology.
Induction of Robust Immune Responses against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is Supported by the Inherent Tropism of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 5 forDendritic Cells (2006)

The ability of adeno-associated virus serotype 1 to 8 (AAV1 to AAV8) vectors expressing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env gp160 (AAV-HIV) to induce an immune response was evaluated in BALB/c mice. The AAV5 vector showed a higher tropism for both mouse and human dendritic cells (DCs) than did the AAV2 vector, whereas other AAV serotype vectors transduced DCs only poorly. AAV1, AAV5, AAV7, and AAV8 were more highly expressed in muscle cells than AAV2. An immunogenicity study of AAV serotypes indicates that AAV1, AAV5, AAV7, and AAV8 vectors expressing the Env gp160 gene induced higher HIV-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses than the AAV2 vector did, with the AAV5 vector producing the best responses. Furthermore, mice injected with DCs that had been transduced ex vivo with an AAV5 vector expressing the gp160 gene elicited higher HIV-specific cell-mediated immune responses than did DCs transduced with AAV1 and AAV2 vectors. We also found that AAV vectors produced by HEK293 cells and insect cells elicit similar levels of antigen-specific immune responses. These results demonstrate that the immunogenicity of AAV vectors depends on their tropism for both antigen-presenting cells (such as DCs) and non-antigen-presenting cells (such as muscular cells) and that AAV5 is a better vector than other AAV serotypes. These results may aid in the development of AAV-based vaccine and gene therapy.
Tolerating memory latency through push prefetching for pointer-intensive applications (2004)

Prefetching is often used to overlap memory latency with computation for array-based applications. However, prefetching for pointer-intensive applications remains a challenge because of the irregular memory access pattern and pointer-chasing problem. In this paper, we proposed a cooperative hardware/software prefetching framework, the push architecture, which is designed specifically for linked data structures. The push architecture exploits program structure for future address generation instead of relying on past address history. It identifies the load instructions that traverse a LDS and uses a prefetch engine to execute them ahead of the CPU execution. This allows the prefetch engine to successfully generate future addresses. To overcome the serial nature of LDS address generation, the push architecture employs a novel data movement model. It attaches the prefetch engine to each level of the memory hierarchy and pushes , rather than pulls , data to the CPU. This push model decouples the pointer dereference from the transfer of the current node up to the processor. Thus a series of pointer dereferences becomes a pipelined process rather than a serial process. Simulation results show that the push architecture can reduce up to 100% of memory stall time on a suite of pointer-intensive applications, reducing overall execution time by an average 15%.
A review of pramipexole and its clinical utility in Parkinson’s disease (2002)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterised by selective loss of dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra and resulting in progressive disability. Therapy has focused on replacing depleted dopamine (DA) via supplementation with levodopa or DA agonists. Pramipexole (Mirapex), Pharmacia Corp.) has recently been approved for the treatment of PD. Evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials have proven the effectiveness of this agent in ameliorating the symptoms of PD. There is also non-human evidence that pramipexole may be neuroprotective and could therefore possibly slow disease progression; however, this has yet to be proven in humans. The use of pramipexole may be limited by its side effect profile compared to standard therapies and its relatively higher cost compared to levodopa. Despite these concerns, pramipexole does have a role in the treatment of PD in all stages of the illness and may arguably be the treatment of choice in early disease. In addition to its use in PD, pramipexole has shown some utility in the treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS), depression and schizophrenia.
Low Temperature Direct Aluminum Soldering Paste (2012)

For economic and weight considerations using aluminum to make connections to copper has been important in electronic components and making these connections via soldering provides an excellent thermal and electrical pathway. Soldering aluminum to copper in many applications involves the use of low temperature solder bonding to prevent damage to heat sensitive parts such as sealed copper heat pipes and sensitive electronic components. Typically, aluminum soldering is accomplished by plating over the aluminum to make that surface solderable, which is an expensive extra step in this processing. The development of a low temperature direct aluminum soldering paste eliminates the costly plating operation needed to make certain aluminum alloys solderable. The low temperature direct aluminum soldering paste, performing below 200 °C, provides for a soldering option that will work via induction, oven reflow, hot plate, or soldering iron techniques. The paste consists of a special flux medium and a proprietary low temperature lead-free solder alloy. Evaluation of the solderpaste was by several methods. Solderability testing compared the paste on a variety of aluminum alloys. Soldering joint cross-sectioning followed by scanning electron analysis proves the viability of the solder joints. Tensile strength testing of the solder joints measured the strength of the copper to aluminum and aluminum to aluminum solder joints.
Fast 3D Geometric Proximity Queries between Rigid and Deformable Models Using Graphics Hardware Acceleration (2002)

We present an approach for computing generalized proximity information between arbitrary polygonal models using graphics hardware acceleration. Our algorithm combines object-space localization, multi-pass rendering techniques, and accelerated distance field computation to perform complex proximity queries at interactive rates. It is applicable to any closed, possibly non-convex, polygonal object and requires no precomputation, making it suitable for both rigid and dynamically deformable geometry of relatively high complexity. The proximity queries include, not only collision detection, but also the computation of intersections, minimum separation distance, closest points, penetration depth and direction, and contact points and normals. The load is balanced between CPU and graphics subsystems through a hybrid geometry and image-based approach. Geometric object-space techniques coarsely localize potential interactions between two objects, and image-space techniques accelerated with graphics hardware provide the low-level proximity information. We have implemented our system using the OpenGL graphics library and have tested it on various hardware configurations with a wide range of object complexities and contact scenarios. In all cases, interactive frame rates are achieved. In addition, our algorithm’s performance is heavily based on the graphics hardware computational power growth curve which has exceeded the expectations of Moore’s Law for general CPU power growth.
Zyflamend, a Polyherbal Preparation, Inhibits Invasion, Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis, and Potentiates Apoptosis Through Down-Regulation of NF-κ B Activation and NF-κ B–Regulated Gene Products (2007)

Zyflamend, a polyherbal preparation, was designed based on constituents that exhibit antiproliferative, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and apoptotic activities through a mechanism that is not well defined. Because the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB has been shown to regulate proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells, we postulated that Zyflamend modulates the activity of NF-kappa B. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of this preparation on NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene products. We found that Zyflamend inhibited receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis, suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced invasion, and potentiated the cytotoxicity induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents, all of which are known to require NF-kappa B activation. Zyflamend suppressed NF-kappa B activation induced by both TNF and cigarette smoke condensate. The expression of NF-kappa B-regulated gene products involved in antiapoptosis (inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein 1/2, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, FADD-like interleukin-1betaconverting enzyme/caspase-8 inhibitory protein, TNF receptor-associated factor-1, and survivin) and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, intercellular adhesion molecule, and matrix metalloproteinase-9) was also down-regulated by Zyflamend. This correlated with potentiation of cell death induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents. Overall, our results indicate that Zyflamend suppresses osteoclastogenesis, inhibits invasion, and potentiates cytotoxicity through down-regulation of NF-kappa B activation and NF-kappa B-regulated gene products.
Theory of Noise Generation From Moving Bodies With an Application to Helicopter Rotors (1975)

Several expressions for the determination of the acoustic field of moving bodies are presented. The analysis is based on the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation. Applying some proposed criteria, one of these expressions is singled out for numerical computation of acoustic pressure signature. The compactness of sources is not assumed and the main results are not restricted by the observer position. The distinction between compact and noncompact sources on moving surfaces is discussed. Some thickness noise calculations of helicopter rotors and comparison with experiments are included which suggest this mechanism as the source of high-speed blade slap of rotors.
Characterization of NAD Uptake in Mammalian Cells (2008)

Recent evidence has shown that NAD(P) plays a variety of roles in cell-signaling processes. Surprisingly, the presence of NAD(P) utilizing ectoenzymes suggests that NAD(P) is present extracellularly. Indeed, nanomolar concentrations of NAD have been found in plasma and other body fluids. Although very high concentrations of NAD have been shown to enter cells, it is not known whether lower, more physiological concentrations are able to be taken up. Here we show that two mammalian cell types are able to transport low NAD concentrations effectively. Furthermore, extracellular application of NAD was able to counteract FK866-induced cell death and restore intracellular NAD(P) levels. We propose that NAD uptake may play a role in physiological NAD homeostasis.
Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of poly(IC.LC) against respiratory influenza A virus infection in mice (1995)

Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid [poly(IC.LC)] was evaluated for its prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies against respiratory influenza A virus infection in mice. Two doses of poly(IC.LC) (1 mg/kg of body weight per dose) administered intranasally within 12 days prior to infection with 10 50% lethal doses of mouse-adapted influenza A/PR/8 virus fully protected the mice against the infection. Determination of virus titers by hemagglutination and plaque assays showed more than a 2-log10 decrease in virus titers in lung homogenates of pretreated mice compared with those in the lungs of the nonpretreated group. Treatment of infected mice with poly(IC.LC) resulted in a modest (40%) survival rate. These results suggest that poly(IC.LC) provides a highly effective prophylaxis against respiratory influenza A virus infection in mice.
Investigating Different Register Allocation Techniques for a GPU Compiler (2016)

Register allocation is one of the most critical parts of an optimizing com- piler. Although a great effort has been put into researching how to allocate registers, not much of it has been focused on vector registers. This report seeks to find out what fundamentally new problems arise when allocating vec- tor registers rather than scalar registers, how the previously known problems change in vector registers and what methods can be used to tackle these issues. Furthermore, an attempt to use a combined scheme of register allocation and instruction scheduling is made, to see how it performs with vector registers. This thesis presents the results of an investigation of how two commonly used register allocation techniques, Linear scan and Graph coloring, perform rela- tively. Furthermore, it presents generalizations to a commonly used algorithm used in graph coloring, Chaitin’s algorithm. Using the internal performance suites of ARM Midgard compiler, our in- vestigation revealed that linear scan can in fact speed up code generation quite significantly, up to 12.5% compared to graph coloring. However, this comes at the cost of reduced code quality. The generalized spill criterion resulted in an significant reduction in spill code inserted, where 10% less spill code was inserted using the derived criterion. This however did not equate to 10% re- duction in execution time, although execution time of the generated code was overall decreased by 0.5%. The combined scheme reached comparable effi- ciency compared to graph coloring, however, since it was only used for single basic block shaders, it is difficult to say how efficient the register allocation would be for larger shaders.
Modifier Genes and the Plasticity of Genetic Networks in Mice (2012)

Modifier genes are an integral part of the genetic landscape in both humans and experimental organisms, but have been less well explored in mammals than other systems. A growing number of modifier genes in mouse models of disease nonetheless illustrate the potential for novel findings, while new technical advances promise many more to come. Modifier genes in mouse models include induced mutations and spontaneous or wild-derived variations captured in inbred strains. Identification of modifiers among wild-derived variants in particular should detect disease modifiers that have been shaped by selection and might therefore be compatible with high fitness and function. Here we review selected examples and argue that modifier genes derived from natural variation may provide a bias for nodes in genetic networks that have greater intrinsic plasticity and whose therapeutic manipulation may therefore be more resilient to side effects than conventional targets.
Dewetting of an ultrathin solid film on a lattice-matched or amorphous substrate (2008)

An evolution partial differential equation for the surface of a nonwetting single-crystal film in an attractive substrate potential is derived and used to study the dynamics of a pinhole for the varying initial depth of a pinhole and the strengths of the potential and the surface energy anisotropy. The results of the simulations demonstrate how the corresponding parameters may lead to complete or partial dewetting of the film. Anisotropy of the surface energy, through faceting of the pinhole walls, is found to most drastically affect the time to film rupture. In particular, the simulations support the conjecture that the strong anisotropy is capable of a complete suppression of dewetting even when the attractive substrate potential is strong.