gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Proteome Strategy for Fractionating Proteins and Peptides Using Continuous Free-Flow Electrophoresis Coupled Off-Line to Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (2004)

Extensive prefractionation is now considered to be a necessary prerequisite for the comprehensive analysis of complex proteomes where the dynamic range of protein abundances can vary from approximately 10(6) for cells to approximately 10(10) for tissues such as blood. Here, we describe a high-resolution 2D protein separation system that uses a continuous free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) device to fractionate complex protein mixtures by solution-phase isoelectric focusing (IEF) into 96 well-defined pools, each separated by approximately 0.02-0.10 pH unit depending on the gradient created, followed by rapid (approximately 6 min per analysis) reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of each FFE pool. Fractionated proteins are readily visualized in a virtual 2D format using software that plots protein loci, pI in the first dimension and relative hydrophobicity (i.e., RP-HPLC retention time) in the second dimension. By coupling a diode-array detector in line with a multiwavelength fluorescence detector, separated proteins can be monitored in the RP-HPLC eluent by both UV absorbance and intrinsic fluorescence simultaneously from a single experiment. Triplicate analyses of standard proteins using a pH 3-10 gradient conducted over a 3-day period revealed a high system reproducibility with a SD of 0.57 (0.05 pH unit) within the FFE pools and 0.003 (0.18 s) for protein retention times in the second-dimension RP-HPLC step. In addition, we demonstrate that the FFE-IEF/RP-HPLC separation strategy can also be applied to complex mixtures of low molecular weight compounds such as peptides. With the facile ability to measure the pH of the isoelectric focused pools, peptide pI values can be estimated and used to qualify peptide identifications made using either MS/MS sequencing approaches or pI discriminated peptide mass fingerprinting. The calculated peak capacity of this 2D liquid-based FFE-IEF/RP-HPLC system is 6720.
Natural Frequencies of Magnetoelastic Longitudinal Wave Propagation in an Orthotropic Circular Cylinder (2012)

In this paper, we study the longitudinal wave propagation in a perfectly conducting elastic circular cylinder in the presence of an axial initial magnetic field. The elastic cylinder is assumed to be made of an orthotropic material. The problem is represented by the equations of elasticity taking into account of the effect of the magnetic field as given by Maxwell&apos;s equations in the quasi-static approximation. The stress free conditions on the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow circular cylinder are used to form a frequency equation in terms of the wavelength, the cylinder radii and the material constants. Numerical calculations are obtained and the results are represented graphically. It is observed that the longitudinal elastic waves in a solid body propagating under the influence of a superimposed magnetic field can be different significantly from that of those propagating in the absence of a magnetic field. Also, elastic waves may convey information on electromagnetic properties of the material: for example through a precise measurement of the surface current induced by the presence of the magnetic field. Finally, some of the earlier results are deduced as particular cases.
UV‐irradiated ozonation of water‐soluble polymers (1980)

Abstract The effect of ultraviolet light on the ozonation of some water‐soluble polymers such as polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, carboxymethyl cellulose, and poly(vinyl alcohol) was investigated. Ultraviolet light irradiation accelerated the ozonation. Acceleration was caused by the decomposition of ozone by ultraviolet light, which produced active species.
Stopping powers of 200–3200 keV 4He and 550–1550 keV 1H ions in polyimide (1996)

Accurate stopping powers of polyimide have been determined for mean energies (E) in the range of 200 keV≤E≤3200 keV for 4He ions and 550 keV≤E≤1550 keV for 1H ions, using the transmission method for foils with areal densities of 30–225 μg/cm2. The overall uncertainties of ∼2% are mainly due to the foil thickness determination. The present data have been parametrized and compared to results obtained by previous authors in the upper energy range and to various parametrizations found in the literature. The best description of the data is given by Bragg’s rule calculations using parametrized elemental stopping powers that were derived from large data sets (deviations &lt;2%). No support is found for the cores-and-bonds model showing deviations of 3%–5%, that may be due to the neglect of phase state effects.
A New Epsilon-Local Dependence Measure and Dependence Maps (2007)

Summary. In the present work, we introduce a new local dependence func-tion characterizing dependence structure between two random variables in an &quot;neighborhood of a particular point from the domain of underlying bivariate distribution and investigate its properties. As an example the local depen-dence function for Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern distribution is provided. Also, we construct dependence maps for some pairs of random variables. We use the estimator of local dependence function to construct the dependence map. Per-mutation test algorithm is applied for P = 500 to obtain more accurate result in dependence map and also several examples are provided. Key words: Local dependence function, permutation test, dependence map 1.
Development of aluminum-doped ZnO films for a-Si:H/μc-Si:H solar cell applications (2013)

This study deals with the optimization of direct current (DC) sputtered aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films and their incorporation into a-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem junction thin film solar cells aiming for high conversion efficiency. Electrical and optical properties of AZO films, i.e. mobility, carrier density, resistivity, and transmittance, were comprehensively characterized and analyzed by varying sputtering deposition conditions, including chamber pressure, substrate temperature, and sputtering power. The correlations between sputtering processes and AZO thin film properties were first investigated. Then, the AZO films were textured by diluted hydrochloric acid wet etching. Through optimization of deposition and texturing processes, AZO films yield excellent electrical and optical properties with a high transmittance above 81% over the 380–1100 nm wavelength range, low sheet resistance of 11 Ω/□ and high haze ratio of 41.3%. In preliminary experiments, the AZO films were applied to a-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem thin film solar cells as front contact electrodes, resulting in an initial conversion efficiency of 12.5% with good current matching between subcells.
Manufacture and in vitro Characterization of a Solvent/Detergent-Treated Human Plasma (1992)

We have developed a modified solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment to inactivate viruses in human plasma using 1% w/w final concentrations of tri(n-butyl) phosphate (TNBP) and Triton X-100 and an incubation period of 4 h at 30°C. The procedure inactivates ≥10^6 chimpanzee-infectious doses (CID(50)) of HBV, ≥10^5 CID(50) of HCV. and ≥10^6 tissue culture infectious doses (TCID(50)) of HIV. After virus inactivation, eleven plasma batches were lyophilized and 12 batches were deep-frozen until further use. The batches were characterized by extensive laboratory tests including measurement of clotting factors I—XIII. von Willebrand factor, plasminogen, inhibitors of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, and other clinically important plasma proteins. All parameters were determined before and after S/D treatment. Twelve conventional single donor plasma units served as control. There were no marked losses of activities of clotting factors, antithrombin III, protein C. plasminogen, and Cl-esterase inhibitor due to treatment. After the S/D step, the levels of these parameters were within the normal range in all batches. The same holds true for total protein, immunoglobulins, albumin, complement factors C3 and C4, haptoglobin, hemopexin, caeruloplasmin, α(1)-antitrypsin, and pH. Protein S and α(2)-antiplasmin activites decreased by about 50% and were frequently found to be slightly below the lower limit of the respective normal range after treatment. The interindividual variations of all proteins analysed were significantly lower than in the single donor plasma units. The S/D procedure did not lead to increases of markers indicating activation of hemostasis. We conclude that lipid-enveloped viruses can be inactivated by the S/D procedure described in this study without critical reduction of recoveries of plasma proteins.
Comparison of Antibody Repertoires against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Healthy Individuals and in Acutely Infected Patients (2005)

The management of staphylococcal diseases is increasingly difficult with present medical approaches. Preventive and therapeutic vaccination is considered to be a promising alternative; however, little is known about immune correlates of protection and disease susceptibility. To better understand the immune recognition of Staphylococcus aureus by the human host, we studied the antistaphylococcal humoral responses in healthy people in comparison to those of patients with invasive diseases. In a series of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses performed using 19 recombinant staphylococcal cell surface and secreted proteins, we measured a wide range of antibody levels, finding a pronounced heterogeneity among individuals in both donor groups. The analysis revealed marked differences in the antibody repertoires of healthy individuals with or without S. aureus carriage, as well as in those of patients in the acute phase of infection. Most importantly, we identified antigenic proteins for which specific antibodies were missing or underrepresented in infected patients. In contrast to the well-described transient nature of disease-induced antistaphylococcal immune response, it was demonstrated that high-titer antistaphylococcal antibodies are stable for years in healthy individuals. In addition, we provide evidence obtained on the basis of opsonophagocytic and neutralizing activity in vitro assays that circulating antistaphylococcal serum antibodies in healthy donors are functional. In light of these data we suggest that proper serological analysis comparing the preexisting antibody repertoires of hospitalized patients with different outcomes for nosocomial staphylococcal infections could be extremely useful for the evaluation of candidate vaccine antigens in addition to protection data generated with animal models.
List of figures (2018)

Coalmining was a notoriously dangerous industry and many of its workers experienced injury and disease. However, the experiences of the many disabled people within Britain's most dangerous industry have gone largely unrecognised by historians. This book examines the British coal industry through the lens of disability, using an interdisciplinary approach to examine the lives of disabled miners and their families.The book considers the coal industry at a time when it was one of Britain's most important industries, and follows it through a period of growth up to the First World War, through strikes, depression and wartime, and into an era of decline. During this time, the statutory provision for disabled people changed considerably, most notably with the first programme of state compensation for workplace injury. And yet disabled people remained a constant presence in the industry as many disabled miners continued their jobs or took up 'light work'. The burgeoning coalfields literature used images of disability on a frequent basis and disabled characters were used to represent the human toll of the industry.A diverse range of sources are used to examine the economic, social, political and cultural impact of disability in the coal industry, looking beyond formal coal company and union records to include autobiographies, novels and oral testimony. It argues that, far from being excluded entirely from British industry, disability and disabled people were central to its development. The book will appeal to students and academics interested in disability history, disability studies, social and cultural history, and representations of disability in literature.
Histochemical and Immunochemical Study of the Fate of <i>Candida albicans</i> Inside Human Neutrophil Phagolysosomes (1991)

To further define the ultrastructural events associated with the killing of Candida albicans by human neutrophils, four methods were used: (1) the periodate-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining of vicinal-glycol-containing complex carbohydrates; (2) the localization of thermostable immunodeterminants of the yeast cell wall, mannans or mannoproteins, using monospecific antibodies and a protein A-gold complex (monAb-gold); (3) the localization of mannose residues with concanavalin A labeled with gold particles (Con A-gold); (4) the localization of chitin oligomers using wheat germ agglutinin and ovomucoid labeled with gold particles (WGA-gold). The mannan-rich cell wall layers were progressively lost as shown by altered PA-TCH-SP reactivity and a diffuse pattern of staining with Con A-gold and monAb-gold. The de novo appearance of conspicuous amounts of glycogen-like particles near the plasmalemma and in the cell wall was interpreted as evidence of a reparative process of the yeast cell wall. Chitin was seemingly unaltered and readily demonstrated by the WGA-gold in the wall remnants of ghost cells.
3-dimensional medical image reconstruction from serial cross sections (1997)

In the field of medicine, it is useful to generate a three-dimensional (3D) view of human tissue or organ from its serial cross sectional images. This investigation is to carry out the 3D reconstruction and visualization of the human brain from its serial cross sectional magnetic resonance images (MRIs). The techniques involved are the pre-processing, texture analysis, image segmentation, interpolation, surface fitting and visualization. T1 weighted MRIs of the brain of a human male are used to assess the performance. The tissues which are of interest are the bone, gyrus and lobe. Fractal dimension and entropy are employed as the textural parameters. A novel technique of co-matching correspondence finding (CMCF) method is developed for the interpolation. A modified Phong shading is used to provide a realistic 3D view of the human skull.
Interaction of Ku protein and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit with nucleic acids (1998)

The Ku protein-DNA-dependent protein kinase system is one of the major pathways by which cells of higher eukaryotes respond to double-strand DNA breaks. The components of the system are evolutionarily conserved and homologs are known from a number of organisms. The Ku protein component binds directly to DNA ends and may help align them for ligation. Binding of Ku protein to DNA also nucleates formation of an active enzyme complex containing the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). The interaction between Ku protein, DNA-PKcs and nucleic acids has been extensively investigated. This review summarizes the results of these biochemical investigations and relates them to recent molecular genetic studies that reveal highly characteristic repair and recombination defects in mutant cells lacking Ku protein or DNA-PKcs.
A dynamic OSGi-based data stream system (2008)

Softwares for production systems are facing challenges due to rapidly changing requirements and huge amount of data from different sources. Data stream systems are utilized to process the large quantity of data using stored queries.
The Major Core Protein P4a (A10L Gene) of Vaccinia Virus Is Essential for Correct Assembly of Viral DNA into the Nucleoprotein Complex To Form Immature Viral Particles (2001)

The vaccinia virus (VV) A10L gene codes for a major core protein, P4a. This polypeptide is synthesized at late times during viral infection and is proteolytically cleaved during virion assembly. To investigate the role of P4a in the virus life cycle and morphogenesis, we have generated an inducer-dependent conditional mutant (VVindA10L) in which expression of the A10L gene is under the control of the Escherichia coli lacI operator/repressor system. Repression of the A10L gene severely impairs virus growth, as observed by both the inability of the virus to form plaques and the 2-log reduction of viral yields. This defect can be partially overcome by addition of the inducer isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Synthesis of viral proteins other than P4a occurred, although early shutoff of host protein synthesis and expression of viral late polypeptides are clearly delayed, both in the absence and in the presence of IPTG, compared with cells infected with the parental virus. Viral DNA replication and concatemer resolution appeared to proceed normally in the absence of the A10L gene product. In cells infected with VVindA10L in the absence of the inducer virion assembly is blocked, as defined by electron microscopy. Numerous spherical immature viral particles that appear devoid of dense viroplasmic material together with highly electron-dense regular structures are abundant in VVindA10L-infected cells. These regularly spaced structures can be specifically labeled with anti-DNA antibodies as well as with a DNase-gold conjugate, indicating that they contain DNA. Some images suggest that these DNA structures enter into spherical immature viral particles. In this regard, although it has not been firmly established, it has been suggested that DNA uptake occurs after formation of spherical immature particles. Overall, our results showed that P4a and/or its cleaved products are essential for the correct assembly of the nucleoprotein complex within immature viral particles.
Event-driven random backpropagation: Enabling neuromorphic deep learning machines (2017)

An ongoing challenge in neuromorphic computing is to devise general and computationally efficient models of inference and learning which are compatible with the spatial and temporal constraints of the brain. The gradient descent back-propagation rule is a powerful algorithm that is ubiquitous in deep learning, but it relies on the immediate availability of network-wide information stored with high-precision memory. However, recent work shows that exact backpropagated weights are not essential for learning deep representations. Here, we demonstrate an event-driven random backpropagation (eRBP) rule that uses an error-modulated synaptic plasticity rule for learning deep representations in neuromorphic computing hardware. The rule is very suitable for implementation in neuromorphic hardware using a two-compartment leaky integrate & fire neuron and a membrane-voltage modulated, spike-driven plasticity rule. Our results show that using eRBP, deep representations are rapidly learned without using backpropagated gradients, achieving nearly identical classification accuracies compared to artificial neural network simulations on GPUs, while being robust to neural and synaptic state quantizations during learning.
Wireless Telemetering from the Digestive Tract (1960)

This paper describes the construction and use of "radio pills" which transmit changes in intraluminar pressure.
An improved OSNR monitoring technique based on polarization-nulling method (2002)

We report on the improved OSNR monitoring technique for WDM networks using the polarization-nulling method. Unlike the previous techniques based on the polarization, the proposed technique was not sensitive to PMD and nonlinear birefringence.
Minimization of Glycerol Production during the High-Performance Fed-Batch Ethanolic Fermentation Process in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> , Using a Metabolic Model as a Prediction Tool (2006)

On the basis of knowledge of the biological role of glycerol in the redox balance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a fermentation strategy was defined to reduce the surplus formation of NADH, responsible for glycerol synthesis. A metabolic model was used to predict the operating conditions that would reduce glycerol production during ethanol fermentation. Experimental validation of the simulation results was done by monitoring the inlet substrate feeding during fed-batch S. cerevisiae cultivation in order to maintain the respiratory quotient (RQ) (defined as the CO2 production to O2 consumption ratio) value between 4 and 5. Compared to previous fermentations without glucose monitoring, the final glycerol concentration was successfully decreased. Although RQ-controlled fermentation led to a lower maximum specific ethanol production rate, it was possible to reach a high level of ethanol production: 85 g.liter-1 with 1.7 g.liter-1 glycerol in 30 h. We showed here that by using a metabolic model as a tool in prediction, it was possible to reduce glycerol production in a very high-performance ethanolic fermentation process.
Electron Shuttling Across the Interface of CdSe Nanoparticles Monitored by Femtosecond Laser Spectroscopy (1999)

The formation and decay of the optical hole (bleach) for 4 nm CdSe nanoparticles (NPs) with adsorbed electron acceptors (1,4-benzoquinone and 1,2-naphthoquinone) and the rise and decay of the reduced electron acceptors formed after interfacial electron transfer from the CdSe NPs were investigated by femtosecond laser spectroscopy. The ultrashort (200−400 fs) rise times of the bleach at the band-gap energy of the CdSe NP as well as of the acceptor radical anion are found to increase with increasing the excitation energy. This suggests that the electron transfer from the CdSe NP to the quinone electron acceptor occurs after thermalization of the excited hot electrons. The decay times of the transient absorption for the electron acceptor radical anions are found to be comparable to that of the CdSe NP bleach recovery time (3 ps). This suggests that the surface quinones shuttle the electron from the conduction band to the valence band of the excited NP. We contrast this behavior with the excited-state dynamics of the recently investigated CdS−MV2+ system in which the electron acceptor does not shuttle the accepted electron back to the hole in CdS.
Optimizing Cuttings Circulation in Horizontal Well Drilling (1996)

Abstract The action of stopping drilling to circulate the cuttings out of the well is always a point of controversy among oilfield teams. The practice of circulating periodically the hole may avoid several operational problems during the drilling of a horizontal well. On the other hand, if hydraulic minimum requirements for the cuttings bed removal are not achieved, circulation can be ineffective, time consuming and, in some cases, detrimental to wellbore stability. This paper presents a series of large scale lab experiments which aimed at the investigation of the erosion of a cuttings bed deposited on the lower part of a horizontal annular section. A group of correlations, based on the experimental data, was developed to predict bed height and critical flow rate for bed removal as functions of several independent variables. The proposed methodology, coupled with a cuttings transport numerical simulator, is an useful tool for programming effective circulation of a cuttings bed.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Signal Transduction and Clearance (1995)

Under physiological conditions, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of cells involves the LPS binding protein (LBP) and either membrane or soluble CD14. We find LPS forms a ternary complex with LBP and membrane CD14 (mCD14). Subsequent to complex formation and distinct from signal transduction, LBP and LPS internalize. Internalization can be separated from signal transduction with the anti-LBP antibody 18G4 and the anti-CD14 antibody 18E12. 18G4 inhibits LBP binding to mCD14 without blocking signal transduction or LPS transfer to soluble CD14; 18E12 inhibits signal transduction without affecting LPS binding and uptake. These data show that while LPS signal transduction and LPS clearance utilize both LBP and mCD14, the pathways bifurcate after LPS binding to mCD14.