gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Arterial Wall Cells Cultured on Periodically Stretched Substrates (1993)

Cells in vital tissues align to form the most efficient configuration for functioning. Vascular cells of arterial walls are constantly exposed to fluid shear stress and pressure-induced periodic strain component, both of which are induced by pulsatile flow. In the present study, the effect of cyclic strain on the cellular orientation response and morphological changes of bovine arterial wall cells such as endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts (FCs) was studied. Cells seeded onto transparent elastomeric films were subjected to periodic stretch-relaxation under various amplitudes ranging from 5 to 20% and at frequencies ranging from 15 to 120 RPM for up to 24 h. Time-lapse video-recorded images of stress-loaded cells were analyzed by a computer-aided morphometric system to quantitatively evaluate the cellular orientation responses and morphological changes. The stress-loaded cells tended to align perpendicularly to the direction of stretch with time, regardless of cellular species. More pronounced orientation was attained under operating conditions with higher amplitude and frequency of stretching. The response of SMCs and FCs advanced more rapidly than that of ECs. Meanwhile, little morphological change was observed, irrespective of stress-loading or nonloading. Understanding of mechanically induced orientation response provides a fundamental basis on tissue engineering and biomechanics.
Applications of Aluminum Hybrid Foam Sandwiches in Battery Housings for Electric Vehicles (2014)

Battery packs for purely electrical driven vehicles should allow for a long driving range, therefore they must be as light as possible. The aim of the project “SmartBatt” – funded by the EC under the 7th Framework Programme – was to create a 20 kWh battery pack which exhibits a 10-15% weight reduction as compared to the State of the Art. This was accomplished by using innovative sandwich materials made of aluminum face sheets and a core of aluminum hybrid foam for the battery housing. Aluminum-epoxy hybrid foams can be obtained by first producing small aluminum foam granules. The foamed granules are then coated with an epoxy adhesive which contains a foaming agent. After filling a hollow structure with the coated aluminum foam spheres the foaming and curing of the adhesive coating is initiated by a mild heat treatment at temperatures between 100 and 200 °C. As a result a composite material is formed which consists of aluminum foam spheres embedded in a matrix of epoxy foam (hybrid foam). By placing and curing the coated granules between two face sheets aluminum hybrid foam sandwiches can be produced. The mechanical characteristics of the core layer material like compression strength and specific deformation energy absorption were determined using quasi-static and high strain rate compression tests. Relevant material properties and the overall achievements in this case study will be presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Group 2 (Be‐Ba) and Group 12 (Zn‐Hg) (2015)

Abstract Review: important structural and synthetic studies reported in 2011; 116 refs.
Molecular Genetics Of Myosin (1987)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Steroid regulation of autophagic programmed cell death during development (2001)

Apoptosis and autophagy are morphologically distinct forms of programmed cell death. While autophagy occurs during the development of diverse organisms and has been implicated in tumorigenesis, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate this type of cell death. Here we show that steroid-activated programmed cell death of Drosophila salivary glands occurs by autophagy. Expression of p35 prevents DNA fragmentation and partially inhibits changes in the cytosol and plasma membranes of dying salivary glands, suggesting that caspases are involved in autophagy. The steroid-regulated BR-C, E74A and E93 genes are required for salivary gland cell death. BR-C and E74A mutant salivary glands exhibit vacuole and plasma membrane breakdown, but E93 mutant salivary glands fail to exhibit these changes, indicating that E93 regulates early autophagic events. Expression of E93 in embryos is sufficient to induce cell death with many characteristics of apoptosis, but requires the H99 genetic interval that contains the rpr, hid and grim proapoptotic genes to induce nuclear changes diagnostic of apoptosis. In contrast, E93 expression is sufficient to induce the removal of cells by phagocytes in the absence of the H99 genes. These studies indicate that apoptosis and autophagy utilize some common regulatory mechanisms.
BONE-LIKE APATITE COATING OF ALUMINA AND ZIRCONIA BY RF-MAGNETRON SPUTTERING (1996)

We have developed the coating technology of apatite onto strong materials such as the ceramics of alumina and zirconia, and the metals of titanium and stainless steel, and recently established the method for the formation of bone-like layers of partially carbonated calcium hydroxyapatite by a reactive rf-magnetron sputtering method, which is undertaken in a mixed CO2/Ar gas ambience. Essential to this method is the use of calcium phosphate glass targets with much lower Ca/P ratios than the stoichiometric value of hydroxyapatite. It has been identified by the surface analyses of XRD, EDX, and FT-IR that CO32- ions occupied the lattice positions of PO43- in the apatite structure. The bioactivity of the coated ceramic materials was confirmed by the in vitro experiments of the bone-like crystal growth on their surfaces in a simulated body fluid.
Observation of frequency doubling in tantalum doped silica fibres (1991)

Second harmonic conversion efficiencies of 3 × 10−4 in tantalum doped silica fibres prepared by the seeding technique are reported. A series of experiments were conducted to characterise the frequency doubling in this fibre and to compare the results to the behaviour observed in germanosilicate and rare earth doped aluminosilicate fibres.
Furaltadone Hydrochloride in Treatment of Avian Vibrionic Hepatitis and Chronic Respiratory Disease Complex in Chickens (1967)

CHRONIC respiratory disease in chickens causes great economic loss through morbidity, mortality, and condemnation of carcasses (Sullivan et al., 1956). Avian vibrionic hepatitis, which affects all ages of chickens (Delaplane et al., 1955; Peckham, 1958), has become increasingly recognized as prevalent since its discovery, and is frequently complicated by coccidiosis. Furaltadone is effective against chronic respiratory disease complex (Gross, 1961; Lott, 1960) and paratyphoid infections (Bierer and Vickers, 1960), and has shown marked in vitro activity against Vibrio fetus (Anonymous, 1957a). Furazolidone is probably the most effective drug available for treatment of avian vibrionic hepatitis (Winterfield et al., 1958). However, it is administered only in the feed because of its low water solubility: 40 mg. per 1. (Anonymous, 1957b). We decided therefore to administer furaltadone hydrochloride in drinking water, because of its solubility* and probable therapeutic range, to test its efficacy against outbreaks of chronic respiratory disease complex and …
Evaluating bias-reducing protocols for RNA sequencing library preparation (2014)

The single adaptor CircLigase-based approach significantly reduces, but does not eliminate, bias in Ion Torrent data. Ligases that function at temperatures to remove the possible influence of secondary structure on library generation may be of value, although Mth K97A is not effective in this case.
Design, Implementation and Characterisation of a Contactless Power Transfer System for Rotating Applications (2006)

This paper describes the design, implementation and characterisation of a contactless power transfer system for rotating applications. The power transfer system is based upon a zero-voltage-switched, full-bridge, DC-DC converter, but utilises a non-standard transformer. This transformer allows power transfer between its primary and secondary windings while also allowing free rotation between these windings. The aim of this research is to develop a solution that could replace mechanical slip-rings in certain applications where a non-contacting system would be advantageous. Based upon the design method presented in this paper, a 2 kW prototype system is constructed. Results obtained from testing the 2 kW prototype are presented and discussed. This discussion considers how the performance of the transformer varies with rotation and also the overall efficiency of the system
The Arg123-Tyr166 Central Domain of Human ApoAI Is Critical for Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase–Induced Hyperalphalipoproteinemia and HDL Remodeling in Transgenic Mice (2000)

High density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)-induced HDL remodeling were investigated in transgenic mice expressing human apolipoprotein (apo) AI or an apoAI/apoAII chimera in which the Arg123-Tyr166 domain of apoAI was substituted with the Ser12-Ala75 domain of apoAII. Expression of apoAI and of the apoAI/apoAII chimera resulted in a respective 3. 5-fold and 2.9-fold increase of HDL cholesterol. Human LCAT gene transfer into apoAI-transgenic mice resulted in a 5.1-fold increase of endogenous LCAT activity. This increase was associated with a 2. 4-fold increase of the cholesterol ester-to-free cholesterol ratio of HDL, a shift from HDL(3) to HDL(2), and a 2.4-fold increase of HDL cholesterol levels. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that human LCAT gene transfer into human apoAI-transgenic mice resulted in an increase of pre-beta-HDL and of pre-alpha-HDL. In contrast, human LCAT gene transfer did not affect cholesterol levels and HDL distribution profile in mice expressing the apoAI/apoAII chimera. Mouse LCAT did not "see" a difference between wild-type and mutant human apoAI, whereas human LCAT did, thus localizing the species-specific interaction in the central domain of apoAI. In conclusion, the Arg123-Tyr166 central domain of apoAI is not critical for in vivo lipoprotein association. It is, however, critical for LCAT-induced hyperalphalipoproteinemia and HDL remodeling independent of the lipid-binding properties of apoAI.
Chromatic properties of polydiacetylene films (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromatic properties of polydiacetylene filmsM. Wenzel and George H. AtkinsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 16, 6123–6127Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00198a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00198a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views524Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Designing CAPTCHA Algorithm: Splitting and Rotating the Images against OCRs (2008)

Internet is being used for several activities by a great range of users. These activities include communication, e-commerce, education, and entertainment. Users are required to register regarding Website in order to enroll Web activities. However, registration can be done by automated hacking software. That software make false enrollments which occupy the resources of the Website by reducing the performance and efficiency of servers, even stop the entire Web service. It is crucial for the Websites to have a system which has the capability of differing human users and computer programs in reading images of text. Completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and human apart (CAPTCHA) is such a defense system against optical character recognition (OCR) software. OCR can be defined as a software which work for defeating CAPTCHA images and make countless number of registration on the Websites. This study focuses on a new method which is splitting CAPTCHA images into several parts with random rotation values, and drawing random lines on a grid background. Lines are in the same color with the CAPTCHA text and they provide a distortion of image with grid background. In this paper, the algorithm of our method is introduced in detail.
Method of Stabilizing the Retinal Image (1974)

A new method to stabilize the retinal image is described that is easy to use and does not ask for heavy and protruding attachments on the subject's contact lens. The method is treated theoretically in the paraxial approximation. Image aberrations and focusing tolerances are discussed. The method appears to be useful over the whole retina and to be exceedingly good for eccentricities up to 10 degrees . A prototype was built that proved to function well.
Converter using external commutation on the DC side (1982)

The performance of a converter using external commutation on the dc side is investigated. For this purpose the waveforms of currents and voltages are discussed considering especially the overlap. Equations for the angle of overlap and for the angle of advance are derived. The advantages of this type of converters are described if applied to a synchronous machine drive system.
Aminopyralid and Clopyralid Absorption and Translocation in Canada Thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense</i>) (2009)

Aminopyralid is a new auxinic herbicide that provides Canada thistle control at lower use rates than clopyralid. Studies were conducted to determine if differences in absorption, translocation, or metabolism account for aminopyralid's greater biological activity. Radiolabeled aminopyralid and clopyralid were applied to individual leaves of rosette-stage Canada thistle plants. Nonionic surfactant was used for the absorption studies because it provided higher aminopyralid absorption than methylated seed oil or crop oil concentrate. Clopyralid was absorbed very rapidly, reaching 72% 24 h after treatment (HAT) and remaining near or above 80% during a 192-h time course. During the same time period, aminopyralid absorption increased from 34 to 60%. Clopyralid translocation out of the treated leaf was significantly higher than aminopyralid, 39% compared with 17%, respectively, 192 HAT. More of applied clopyralid translocated to aboveground tissue 192 HAT (27%) than to roots (12%), whereas aminopyralid translocation was similar in aboveground tissue (10%) and roots (7%) 192 HAT. Neither aminopyralid nor clopyralid was metabolized 192 HAT. Although aminopyralid is effective at lower use rates than clopyralid, clopyralid absorption and translocation were higher in Canada thistle. These results suggest that aminopyralid's chemical structure may provide for greater biological activity at the target site than clopyralid.
Stable single-mode erbium fiber-grating laser for digital communication (1993)

In this paper we report the fabrication of a short, robust, single-mode Er/sup 3+/ fiber-grating laser. This laser is proven by the successful outcome of a long-term bit-error-rate test at the 10/sup -15/ level in a 5- G/s fiber transmission experiment. In the process we present a new pumping geometry, the elucidation of one origin of relaxation oscillations that have plagued previous lasers and the demonstration of a simple electronic feedback scheme for suppressing them. This prototype source shows real promise for use in a high-speed communications system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Developmental Biology of the Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell: Building a Multilayered Vessel Wall (1999)

The assembly of the vessel wall from its cellular and extracellular matrix components is a critical process in the development and maturation of the cardiovascular system. However, fundamental questions concerning the origin of vessel wall cells and the mechanisms that regulate their development and differentiation remain unanswered. The initial step of vessel wall morphogenesis is formation of a primary vascular network, comprised of nascent endothelial cell tubes, via the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Subsequently, primordial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are recruited to the endothelium to form a multilayered vessel wall. During the course of development and maturation, the VSMC plays diverse roles: it is a biosynthetic, proliferative, and contractile component of the vessel wall. Although the field of vascular development has blossomed in the past decade, the molecules and mechanisms that regulate this developmental pathway are not well defined. The focus of this review is on those facets of VSMC development important for transforming a nascent endothelial tube into a multilayered structure. We discuss the primordial VSMC with particular attention to its purported origins, the components of the extracellular milieu that contribute to its development, and the contribution of embryonic hemodynamics to vessel wall assembly.
The total synthesis of racemic nootkatone (1968)

M. Pesaro, G. Bozzato and P. Schudel, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 1152 DOI: 10.1039/C19680001152
Cerebrovascular Damage as a Cause for Alzheimers Disease (2005)

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that gradually destroys a patient's memory function and ability to carry out daily activities. According to the prevailing amyloid cascade hypothesis, Alzheimer's disease is initiated by amyloid beta-peptide accumulation leading to neuronal toxicity. The neurofibrillary tangle deriving from hyperphosphorylated tau and synapse loss are also key features for Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies revealed a significant co-morbidity of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease suggesting that cerebrovascular dysregulation is an important feature of Alzheimer's disease. This mini-review will discuss the hypothesis that a dysfunction of the vascular system may result in damage of the neurovascular unit, initiating a cascade of events. An overlap with other forms of cognitive impairment, such as mild cognitive impairment, or vascular dementia will be discussed.
A Monotonic Precise Current DAC for Sensor Applications (2008)

In this paper a 17 bit monotonic precise current DAC for sensor applications is described. It is working in a harsh automotive environment in a wide temperature range with high output voltage swing and low current consumption. To guarantee monotonicity current division and segmentation techniques are used. To improve the output impedance, the accuracy and the voltage compliance of the DAC, two active cascoding loops and one follower loop are used. The resolution of the DAC is further increased by applying pulse width modulation to one fine LSB current. To achieve low power consumption unused coarse current sources are switched off. Several second order technological effects influencing final performance and circuits dealing with them are discussed.
Where do operations come from? A multiparadigm specification technique (1996)

Proposes a technique to help people organize and write complex specifications, exploiting the best features of several different specification languages. Z is supplemented, primarily with automata and grammars, to provide a rigorous and systematic mapping from input stimuli to convenient operations and arguments for the Z specification. Consistency analysis of the resulting specification is based on the structural rules. The technique is illustrated by two examples, a graphical human-computer interface and a telecommunications system.
Straightforward and selective metal capture through CO<sub>2</sub>-induced self-assembly (2016)

A new process of rare earth metal capture employing carbon dioxide as a key component was designed and studied.
Cromakalim, a vasodilator, differentially inhibits Ca<sup>2+</sup> currents in NG108‐15 neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells (1990)

Extracellular perfusion with the antihypertensive agent cromakalim produced an inhibition of 22-66% in the low-threshold transient Ca2+ (T-like) current in NG108-15 hybrid cells. Cromakalim suppressed the high-threshold and long-lasting Ba2+ current (L-like Ca2+ current) by 29-73%, but had almost no effect on the high-threshold and inactivating Ba2+ current (N-like Ca2+ current). IC50 for T-like and L-like currents was the same at about 100 microM. The inhibitory effect developed relatively fast and was reversible. These results indicate that cromakalim can selectively inhibit the activity of inward Ca2+ currents.
Tioga: A database-oriented visualization tool (1993)

In the work we present a new architecture for visualization systems that is based on data base management system (DBMS) technology. By building on the mechanisms present in a next-generation DBMS, rather than merely on the capabilities of a standard file manager, we show that a simpler and more powerful visualization system can be constructed. We retain the popular boxes and arrows programming notation for constructing visualization programs, but add a flight simulator model of movement to navigate the output of such programs. In addition, we provide a means to specify a hierarchy of abstracts of data of different types and resolutions, so that a zoom capability can be supported. The underlying DBMS support for this system, Tioga, is briefly described, as well as the current state of the implementation. >
Changing Political Economy of the Hong Kong Media (2018)

Most observers argued that press freedom in Hong Kong has been declining continually over the past 15 years. This article examines the problem of press freedom from the perspective of the political economy of the media. According to conventional understanding, the Chinese government has exerted indirect influence over the Hong Kong media through co-opting media owners, most of whom were entrepreneurs with ample business interests in the mainland. At the same time, there were internal tensions within the political economic system. The latter opened up a space of resistance for media practitioners and thus helped the media system as a whole to maintain a degree of relative autonomy from the power centre. However, into the 2010s, the media landscape has undergone several significant changes, especially the worsening media business environment and the growth of digital media technologies. These changes have affected the cost-benefit calculations of media ownership and led to the entrance of Chinese capital into the Hong Kong media scene. The digital media arena is also facing the challenge of intrusion by the state.
AVAZ parameter uncertainty estimation (2006)

Using a Bayesian methodology, we develop an efficient approximate algorithm to estimate the uncertainty of AVAZ inversion parameter estimates in the case of HTI anisotropy. The uncertainty estimates may be calculated quickly as a by‐product of the AVAZ least squares inversion requiring minimal extra calculations. These quality controls should help the interpreting geophysicist better understand the reliability of the AVAZ inversion estimates and identify issues due to inadequacies in the acquisition geometry or poor signal‐to‐noise.