gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries (2003)

There have been increasing efforts to develop new and novel electrolytes and electrode materials to improve the capacity, energy density, cycle life, and the performance of lithium batteries with enhanced safety. These batteries have the potential to meet the needs of several new medical device applications as well as the growing needs of portable electronic devices. Improved cathode materials are being developed and composite anodes are being prepared and evaluated with some success. On the electrolyte side, investigations are being carried out in developing new materials with high conductivity and electrochemical stability to reduce the size and weight of the batteries. This paper describes our work on the synthesis of new and novel lithium salts and copolymers and the properties of solid polymer electrolyte films (SPE). The performance characteristics of prototype cells with SPE films, as well as solutions of super acid-based lithium salts are presented and their results are discussed in terms of their structure and properties.
When the wheels touch Earth and the flight is through, pilots find one eye is better than two (2009)

This study investigated the impact on near to eye displays on both operational and visual performance employing a human-in-the-loop simulation of straight-in ILS approaches while using a near to eye (NTE) display. The approaches were flown in simulated visual and instrument conditions while using either a binocular NTE or a monocular NTE display on either the dominant or non dominant eye. The pilot's flight performance, visual acuity, and ability to detect unsafe conditions on the runway were tested.
The Syk Tyrosine Kinase Localizes to the Centrosomes and Negatively Affects Mitotic Progression (2005)

We showed previously that the spleen tyrosine kinase Syk is expressed by mammary epithelial cells and that it suppresses malignant growth of breast cancer cells. The exact molecular mechanism of its tumor-suppressive activity remains, however, to be identified. Here, we show that Syk colocalizes and copurifies with the centrosomal component gamma-tubulin and exhibits a catalytic activity within the centrosomes. Moreover, its centrosomal localization depends on its intact kinase activity. Centrosomal Syk expression is persistent in interphase but promptly drops during mitosis, obviously resulting from its ubiquitinylation and proteasomal degradation. Conversely, unrestrained exogenous expression of a fluorescently tagged Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein (DsRed)-Syk chimera engenders abnormal cell division and cell death. Transient DsRed-Syk overexpression triggers an abrupt cell death lacking hallmarks of classic apoptosis but reminiscent of mitotic catastrophe. Surviving stable DsRed-Syk-transfected cells exhibit multipolar mitotic spindles and contain multiple abnormally sized nuclei and supernumerary centrosomes, revealing anomalous cell division. Taken together, these results show that Syk is a novel centrosomal kinase that negatively affects cell division. Its expression is strictly controlled in a spatiotemporal manner, and centrosomal Syk levels need to decline to allow customary progression of mitosis.
Numerical simulation of a sheet metal extrusion process by using thermal-mechanical coupling EAS FEM (2002)

The thermal-mechanical coupling finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate a non-isothermal sheet metal extrusion process. On the basis of the finite plasticity consistent with multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient, the enhanced assumed strain (EAS) FEM was applied to carry out the numerical simulation. In order to make the computation reliable and avoid hourglass mode in the EAS element under large compressive strains, an alterative form of the original enhanced deformation gradient was employed. In addition, reduced factors were used in the computation of the element local internal parameters and the enhanced part of elemental stiffness. Numerical results show that the hourglass can be avoided in compression region. In the thermal phase, the boundary energy dissipation due to heat convection was taken into account. As an example, a circular steel plate protruded by cylindrical punch was simulated. The step-wise decoupled strategy is adopted to handle coupling between mechanical deformation and the temperature variation. By comparing with the experimental results, the numerical simulation was verified.
Reducing unscheduled plant maintenance delays-field test of a new method to predict electric motor failure (1996)

Most electric motor predictive maintenance methods have drawbacks that limit their effectiveness in the mining environment. The US Bureau of Mines (USBM) is developing an alternative approach to detect winding insulation breakdown in advance of complete motor failure. In order to evaluate the analysis algorithms necessary for this approach, the USBM has designed and installed a system to monitor 120 electric motors in a coal preparation plant. The computer-based experimental system continuously gathers, stores, and analyzes electrical parameters for each motor. The results are then correlated to data from conventional motor maintenance methods and in-service failures to determine if the analysis algorithms can detect signs of insulation deterioration and impending failure. This paper explains the online testing approach used in this research, and describes monitoring system design and implementation. At this writing, data analysis is underway, but conclusive results are not yet available.
Engineering Cancer Antigen-Specific T Cells to Overcome the Immunosuppressive Effects of TGF-β (2021)

Adoptive T cell therapy with T cells expressing affinity-enhanced TCRs has shown promising results in phase 1/2 clinical trials for solid and hematological tumors. However, depth and durability of responses to adoptive T cell therapy can suffer from an inhibitory tumor microenvironment. A common immune-suppressive agent is TGF-β, which is secreted by tumor cells and cells recruited to the tumor. We investigated whether human T cells could be engineered to be resistant to inhibition by TGF-β. Truncating the intracellular signaling domain from TGF-β receptor (TGFβR) II produces a dominant-negative receptor (dnTGFβRII) that dimerizes with endogenous TGFβRI to form a receptor that can bind TGF-β but cannot signal. We previously generated specific peptide enhanced affinity receptor TCRs recognizing the HLA-A*02-restricted peptides New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1)<sub>157-165</sub>/l-Ag family member-1A (TCR: GSK3377794, formerly NY-ESO-1<sup>c259</sup>) and melanoma Ag gene A10<sub>254-262</sub> (TCR: ADP-A2M10, formerly melanoma Ag gene A10<sup>c796</sup>). In this article, we show that exogenous TGF-β inhibited in vitro proliferation and effector functions of human T cells expressing these first-generation high-affinity TCRs, whereas inhibition was reduced or abolished in the case of second-generation TCRs coexpressed with dnTGFβRII (e.g., GSK3845097). TGF-β isoforms and a panel of TGF-β-associated genes are overexpressed in a range of cancer indications in which NY-ESO-1 is commonly expressed, particularly in synovial sarcoma. As an example, immunohistochemistry/RNAscope identified TGF-β-positive cells close to T cells in tumor nests and stroma, which had low frequencies of cells expressing IFN-γ in a non-small cell lung cancer setting. Coexpression of dnTGFβRII may therefore improve the efficacy of TCR-transduced T cells.
Embryonic Development and Postnatal Changes in Free <scp>d</scp>‐Aspartate and <scp>d</scp>‐Serine in the Human Prefrontal Cortex (1993)

We have analyzed free chiral amino acids (aspartate and serine) in the human frontal cortex at different ontogenic stages (from 14 weeks of gestation to 101 years of age) by HPLC with fluorometric detection after derivatization with N-tert-butyl-oxycarbonyl-L-cysteine and o-phthaldialdehyde. Exceptionally high levels of free D-aspartate and D-serine were demonstrated in the fetal cortex at gestational week 14. The ratios of D-aspartate and of D-serine to the total corresponding amino acids were also high, at 0.63 and 0.27, respectively. The concentration of D-aspartate dramatically decreased to a trace level by gestational week 41 and then remained very low during all postnatal stages. In contrast, the frontal tip contained persistently high levels of D-serine throughout embryonic and postnatal life, whereas the D-amino acid content in adolescents and aged individuals was about half of that in the fetuses. Because D-aspartate and D-serine are known to have selective actions at the NMDA-type excitatory amino acid receptor, the present data suggest that these D-amino acids might play a pivotal role in cerebral development and functions that are related to the NMDA receptor.
Direct Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Haploid Spermatogenic Cells (2012)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been shown to differentiate into primordial germ cells (PGCs) but not into spermatogonia, haploid spermatocytes, or spermatids. Here, we show that hESCs and hiPSCs differentiate directly into advanced male germ cell lineages, including postmeiotic, spermatid-like cells, in vitro without genetic manipulation. Furthermore, our procedure mirrors spermatogenesis in vivo by differentiating PSCs into UTF1-, PLZF-, and CDH1-positive spermatogonia-like cells; HIWI- and HILI-positive spermatocyte-like cells; and haploid cells expressing acrosin, transition protein 1, and protamine 1 (proteins that are uniquely found in spermatids and/or sperm). These spermatids show uniparental genomic imprints similar to those of human sperm on two loci: H19 and IGF2. These results demonstrate that male PSCs have the ability to differentiate directly into advanced germ cell lineages and may represent a novel strategy for studying spermatogenesis in vitro.
Design and construction of a wheel-directly-coupled axial-flux PM motor prototype for EVs (2002)

In electric vehicle (EV) motor drives, the use of a low-speed motor coupled directly to the wheel axle allows a reduction of the vehicle weight and an improvement in the drive efficiency. Slotless axial-flux PM motors are particularly suited for such an application, since they can be designed for high torque-to-weight ratio and efficiency. This paper deals with a 16 poles axial-flux PM motor prototype which is used in the propulsion drive of an electrical scooter. The motor prototype has 45 Nm peak torque, 6.8 kg active materials weight, and is coupled directly to the scooter rear wheel. The paper discusses design and construction of the motor prototype, and reports experimental results achieved from laboratory tests. Finally, details concerning the arrangement of the scooter motor drive are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Peroxymonosulfate: An Alternative to Hydrogen Peroxide for the Control of Hydrogen Sulfide (1991)

The oxidation of total dissolved sulfide, where S (-II)=\nH_2S + HS" + S_2^-, by peroxymonosulfate, HSO_5-, has been studied in wastewater. Peroxymonosulfate was found a more rapid and efficient oxidant of S (-II) than either H_2O_2 or Fe(II). The combination of per oxymonosulfate and hydrogen peroxide was additive in terms of S(-II) oxidation, while the combination of peroxymonosulfate and Fe(II) resulted in a decrease in the effectiveness of Fe(II) as an oxidant. Peroxy monosulfate has been shown to be a viable alternative to H_2O_2 for the control of sulfide-induced corrosion in concrete sewers.
Identification of a second lipase gene, gehD, in Staphylococcus epidermidis: comparison of sequence with those of other staphylococcal lipases The GenBank accession number for the nucleotide sequence determined in this work is AF090142. (2000)

The identification and molecular characterization of a previously unidentified lipase, gehD, from the human cutaneous commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis is reported. A lipase-GehC-deficient but otherwise isogenic mutant of S. epidermidis 9 was constructed by allele replacement. However, the mutant was found to retain 50% of the wild-type lipase activity in liquid culture. Rescreening of a genomic library revealed the presence of a second lipase gene, gehD, which was subsequently mapped and sequenced. In common with other staphylococcal lipases, GehD appeared to be translated as a 650-700 amino acid precursor which is processed post-translationally to an extracellular mature lipase of 360 amino acids with a size of approximately 45 kDa. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of GehD with those of other staphylococcal lipases revealed a high level of conservation between the mature lipase domains of different species. By hybridization studies, both gehC and gehD genes were found to be present in S. epidermidis isolates from both clinical and non-clinical backgrounds, but neither hybridized to DNA isolated from other staphylococcal strains. Construction of a phylogenetic tree and calculation of amino acid sequence homologies between mature lipases, however, suggested that the lipases of S. epidermidis may be more closely related to those of Staphylococcus aureus than to each other.
Utilisation of [11C]-labelled boron carbonyl complexes in palladium carbonylation reaction (2004)

The use of the [(11)C]BH(3).CO complex as a source of carbon monoxide in the carbonylation of iodobenzene catalysed by palladium(0) is described, which allows the synthesis of an amide and a lactone in a straightforward manner.
Comparison of Surgical Risk Score, POSSUM and p-POSSUM in higher-risk surgical patients (2005)

The SRS accurately predicted mortality in higher-risk surgical patients. The accuracy of prediction equalled that of POSSUM and p-POSSUM.
A Low‐Voltage Microfluidic Valve Based upon a Reversible Hydrophobicity Effect (2016)

A microfluidic valve is reported based on a reversible hydrophobicity effect via the growth and retraction of nanotextured metal filaments on the surface of a solid electrolyte. The valve is integrated onto the bottom of the channel and actuated by a DC voltage. The dendritic silver filaments are tens to hundreds of nanometers in height and can be isolated from the channel fluid by a thin Parylene layer. An applied bias of 6 V or less grows or dissolves the filaments, depending on the polarity, and the roughness so created alters the fluid‐surface interface, manipulating hydrophobicity of the interface, transitioning from the lotus effect to the petal effect. To demonstrate this valve, the fluid flow in a poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐enclosed microfluidic channel of up to 30 μm in depth and up to 250 μm in width is stopped and restarted within ≈25 s of actuation. The effect is nonvolatile, thus no static power is required to retain the on/off states of the valve.
Mucosal Tumor Necrosis Factor-or, Interleukin-1/3, and Interleukin-8 Production in Patients with Helicobacter pylori Infection (1994)

We investigated whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are involved in the inflammatory reaction of Helicobacter pylori infection. In 23 patients with H. pylori infection and 16 patients with negative cultures for H. pylori and normal antral mucosa, the mucosal production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-8 was measured in antral biopsy specimens after 23 h of in vitro culture. The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta appeared to be significantly higher in H. pylori-positive patients (p = 0.0002 for both TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta). IL-8 production was also higher in H. pylori-infected subjects, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.057). No significant differences were found between the level of the cytokines in H. pylori-infected patients with or without duodenal ulcer disease. A strong correlation was found between the production of IL-1 beta and IL-8. The biologic effects of these cytokines may explain the conspicuous recruitment, influx, and activation of neutrophils in the gastric mucosa during H. pylori infection.
On the connectedness properties of suns in finite dimensional spaces (1988)

The author introduced in [3] the notion of an M-con~ected closed subset of a norrned linear space and defined the class of (BM)-spaces. An M-connected closed subset of a finite dimensional normed linear space is a sun and a sun in a space which is either of dimension two or is a finite dimensional (m>i)-space is M-connected. Theorem 1 asserts that an M-connected closed subset of a finite dimensional space is n-connected for all n = 0,1,2 .... Theorem 2 relates Tl1eorem 1 to the results of [3]. Theorem 3 is an improvement of a result of Koshcheev and asserts that a sun in a finite dimensional space is path-connected.
New Insights into Endocannabinoid Degradation and its Therapeutic Potential (2006)

Endocannabinoids are amides, esters and ethers of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which act as new lipidic mediators. Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine; AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are the main endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors, able to mimic several pharmacological effects of (-)-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active principle of Cannabis sativa preparations like hashish and marijuana. The activity of AEA and 2-AG at their receptors is limited by cellular uptake through an anandamide membrane transporter (AMT), followed by intracellular degradation. A fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is the main AEA hydrolase, whereas a monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is critical in degrading 2-AG. Here, we will review growing evidence that demonstrates that these hydrolases are pivotal regulators of the endogenous levels of AEA and 2-AG in vivo, overall suggesting that specific inhibitors of AMT, FAAH or MAGL may serve as attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of human disorders. Recently, the N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), which synthesizes AEA from N-arachidonoylphosphatidylethanolamine (NArPE), and the diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), which generates 2-AG from diacylglycerol (DAG) substrates, have been characterized. The role of these synthetic routes in maintaining the endocannabinoid tone in vivo will be discussed. Finally, the effects of inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation in animal models of human disease will be reviewed, with an emphasis on their ongoing applications in anxiety, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
Advanced process control techniques for the food industry (1995)

The proper design and application of process controllers is essential for minimizing both operating costs and out-of-specification waste products in food processing operations. In this regard, advanced process controllers may perform significantly better than classical controllers. This article describes how advanced process controllers, particularly model-based controllers, are created and discusses the design criteria used to tune these controllers in the context of controlling food processes. A number of examples are reviewed that demonstrate the feasibility of applying model-based controllers to a variety of food processes. Guidelines for selecting appropriate advanced control strategies for particular types of dynamic processes are also presented.
Analysis of Offset Pulse Position Modulation (2015)

This work presents the performance analysis of the offset pulse position modulation (PPM) scheme using graded-index plastic optical fibre with a Gaussian impulse response. The aim of this analysis is to predict how sensitivity, error, number of required photons, threshold voltage, and the effect of inter-symbol interference will change with the change in the number of data bits encoded at a rate of 1 Gbit/s. An information theory analysis is presented in detail and also the band-utilization efficiency is determined. Results are compared to equivalent digital PPM and multiple PPM schemes and it is also shown that offset PPM gives an advantage over on-off keying (OOK).\nBit error rate (BER) analysis has been presented numerically. The errors due to different coding techniques are compared. It has also been shown that offset pulse position modulation is more power efficient than multiple pulse position modulation. The spectral analysis of offset pulse position modulation coding scheme has been carried out. For an offset PPM sequence the spectral characteristics is presented both theoretically and numerically. The results show strong frequency components at the frame rate and, if return-to-zero pulses are used, the slot rate. Slot synchronisation has been taken into consideration for the first time as offset PPM spectrum exhibits discrete slot rate component. The effect of pulse shaping and modulating index on the spectrum has been shown. The dependency of slot component on the pulse shape is examined. The results show that the frame synchronisation is possible for offset PPM as this coding exhibits a strong frame rate component. A comparison of spectral characteristics has been presented considering digital, multiple and shortened PPM. For ease of implementation an offset PPM coder has been designed. In this work an efficient clock recovery topology is presented for offset PPM data sequence at the receiver end. For clock recovery, a phase locked loop is designed. Data recovery has also been presented. It is shown that a frame clock can be extracted from the data sequence that yields the possibility of frame synchronization. A detailed noise analysis has been performed for random offset PPM input.\nIt has been shown that the proposed clock recovery system is also effective for extracting other data sequence. To elucidate, a multiple Pulse Position Modulation (MPPM) data sequence is considered. The MPPM data sequence has also been synchronised with the recovered clock. A noise analysis is carried out for multiple PPM.
Electrochemists Enlisted in War: The Carbon Dioxide Reduction Battle (Global Warming) (2001)

During the past two years or so, the topic of global warming has been heating up. It seems that not a day goes by when there is nothing in the newspaper or on the evening news about it. If there is an unseasonably hot day or unusual weather pattern, we often blame it on global warming.