gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of coral reef images from underwater video using neural networks (2005)

We use a feedforward backpropagation neural network to classify close-up images of coral reef components into three benthic categories: living coral, dead coral and sand. We have achieved a success rate of 86.5% (false positive = 6.7%) for test images that were not in the training set which is high considering that corals occur in an immense variety of appearance. Color and texture features derived from video stills of coral reef transects from the Great Barrier Reef were used as inputs to the network. We also developed a rule-based decision tree classifier according to how marine scientists classify corals from texture and color, and obtained a lower recognition rate of 79.7% for the same set of images.
A comparison of buccal nitroglycerin and sublingual nitroglycerin in the prophylaxis and treatment of exertional (situation-provoked) angina pectoris. (1991)

Suscard is a buccally administered formulation which provides rapid introduction of nitroglycerin directly into the systemic circulation and, by virtue of its sustained-release properties, may confer protection against anginal attacks for several hours. Its efficacy has been established in angina pectoris and more recently its usefulness has been extended to include the management of unstable angina and acute heart failure. Buccal nitroglycerin combines the possibilities of short-term treatment and more extended prophylaxis. In a multicentre double-blind study the efficacy of buccal nitroglycerin and sublingual nitroglycerin were compared in patients with proven chronic stable exercise-induced angina as regards anginal attacks and capacity for physical activity. The conclusion is that the two formulations of nitroglycerin have a comparable effect in the treatment of acute attacks of angina pectoris. Buccal nitroglycerin has many advantages when used prophylactically. This is documented by less frequent anginal attacks and a more prolonged duration of effect resulting in an increased physical activity.
Pancreatic Transplants: Noninvasive Evaluation with Secretin-augmented MR Pancreatography and MR Perfusion Measurements—Preliminary Results (2004)

Feasibility of secretin-augmented magnetic resonance (MR) pancreatography and dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR measurements for evaluation of functional status of pancreatic allografts was determined by quantifying the excretion and perfusion of the grafts. Ten patients were included prospectively before pancreatic transplantation. Dynamic T2-weighted sequences after secretin stimulation and dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted gradient-echo sequences were performed. Area under the curve and maximum signal intensity-to-time ratio were determined in selected regions of interest. Biochemical parameters, Doppler ultrasonography, and/or surgery were standards for final diagnosis. Patients with normal outcome (n = 7) produced 236 mL +/- 104 (standard deviation) of pancreatic juice, and patients with dysfunctional grafts (n = 3) produced 42 mL +/- 25. Area under the curve and maximum signal intensity-to-time ratio provided thresholds of 0.5 and 0.3, respectively, for distinction between functional and dysfunctional grafts. Secretin-augmented MR pancreatography combined with MR perfusion measurements may aid in differentiation between patients with and those without graft dysfunction.
Effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic cytokines on a human salivary cell line. (1998)

A pronounced inhibitory effect on HSG cell growth was demonstrated 72 hours following treatment of the cells with TNF-alpha [10 u/ml] and INF-gamma [1000 u/ml] [69%, p < 0.01] or TNF-alpha [10 u/ml] and irradiation [15 Gy] [66%, p < 0.01]. This reduction in cell viability was accompanied by a pronounced increase in IL-6 production by the cells. Seventy-two hours post-irradiation [15 Gy], the HSG cell death rate was 70-75%, in agreement with a delayed salivary reproductive cell death model which could explain the life-long xerostomia which often results in head and neck irradiated patients.
Perceptions of urban violence : participatory appraisal techniques (2000)

The paper synthesizes the information generated by one stage of activities of the Urban Peace Program, which focuses on the dynamics of violence in Latin America and the Caribbean, its effects on poor communities, and the development of appropriate multi-sectoral strategies for violence reduction, that would in turn help to promote peace, and development. Violence has emerged as a significant economic, social welfare, health, and governance issue throughout the region, and it is an important factor not only in countries experiencing political unrest, but also in war-to-peace transitional societies, where levels of crime, and violence remain high. The paper highlights the impacts of crime and violence, which erode physical, human, natural, and social capital, undermine the investment climate, and deplete the state's capacity to govern, outlining that while violence was previously regarded as an issue of criminal pathology or human rights, it is now recognized as a macroeconomic problem.
Models and languages for parallel computation (1998)

We survey parallel programming models and languages using six criteria to assess their suitability for realistic portable parallel programming. We argue that an ideal model should by easy to program, should have a software development methodology, should be architecture-independent, should be easy to understand, should guarantee performance, and should provide accurate information about the cost of programs. These criteria reflect our belief that developments in parallelism must be driven by a parallel software industry based on portability and efficiency. We consider programming models in six categories, depending on the level of abstraction they provide. Those that are very abstract conceal even the presence of parallelism at the software level. Such models make software easy to build and port, but efficient and predictable performance is usually hard to achieve. At the other end of the spectrum, low-level models make all of the messy issues of parallel programming explicit (how many threads, how to place them, how to express communication, and how to schedule communication), so that software is hard to build and not very portable, but is usually efficient. Most recent models are near the center of this spectrum, exploring the best tradeoffs between expressiveness and performance. A few models have achieved both abstractness and efficiency. Both kinds of models raise the possibility of parallelism as part of the mainstream of computing.
Synthesis of (+)‐Dumetorine and Congeners by Using Flow Chemistry Technologies (2011)

An efficient total synthesis of the natural alkaloid (+)-dumetorine by using flow technology is described. The process entailed five separate steps starting from the enantiopure (S)-2-(piperidin-2-yl)ethanol 4 with 29% overall yield. Most of the reactions were carried out by exploiting solvent superheating and by using packed columns of immobilized reagents or scavengers to minimize handling. New protocols for performing classical reactions under continuous flow are disclosed: the ring-closing metathesis reaction with a novel polyethylene glycol-supported Hoveyda catalyst and the unprecedented flow deprotection/Eschweiler-Clarke methylation sequence. The new protocols developed for the synthesis of (+)-dumetorine were applied to the synthesis of its simplified natural congeners (-)-sedamine and (+)-sedridine.
Etherfuse (2007)

Ethernet is pervasive. This is due in part to its ease of use. Equipment can be added to an Ethernet network with little or no manual configuration. Furthermore, Ethernet is self-healing in the event of equipment failure or removal. However, there are scenarios where a local event can lead to network-wide packet loss and duplication due to slow or faulty reconfiguration of the spanning tree. Moreover, in some cases the packet loss and duplication may persist indefinitely.
<i>In vitro</i> labeling strategies for <i>in cellulo</i> fluorescence microscopy of single ribonucleoprotein machines (2016)

RNA plays a fundamental, ubiquitous role as either substrate or functional component of many large cellular complexes-"molecular machines"-used to maintain and control the readout of genetic information, a functional landscape that we are only beginning to understand. The cellular mechanisms for the spatiotemporal organization of the plethora of RNAs involved in gene expression are particularly poorly understood. Intracellular single-molecule fluorescence microscopy provides a powerful emerging tool for probing the pertinent mechanistic parameters that govern cellular RNA functions, including those of protein coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Progress has been hampered, however, by the scarcity of efficient high-yield methods to fluorescently label RNA molecules without the need to drastically increase their molecular weight through artificial appendages that may result in altered behavior. Herein, we employ T7 RNA polymerase to body label an RNA with a cyanine dye, as well as yeast poly(A) polymerase to strategically place multiple 2'-azido-modifications for subsequent fluorophore labeling either between the body and tail or randomly throughout the tail. Using a combination of biochemical and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy approaches, we demonstrate that both yeast poly(A) polymerase labeling strategies result in fully functional mRNA, whereas protein coding is severely diminished in the case of body labeling.
Low-resistivity Related ESP Performance Problems in Dry Scrubbing Applications (1990)

This paper describes the evaluation of the performance of ESPs operating downstream of spray dryers in high- and medium-sulfur coal flue gas streams. Tests were conducted at the TV A10 MW Spray Dryer/ESP Pilot Plant and the EPRI High Sulfur Test Center. The results of the analysis of particle characteristics, spray dryer operating parameters, and ESP operating variables identify the occurrence of severe particle reentrainment due to the low resistivity (108 ohm-cm and lower) of the sorbent/flyash mixtures at low approach-tosaturation temperatures. The reentrainment has a significant impact on the collection efficiency of ESPs which could represent a fundamental limitation on their ability to adequately perform in this environment. Although this program has been focused on spray dryer applications, because of the similarities of the gas and particle characteristics produced from spray drying and other dry scrubbing processes, the results also have implications to duct slurry injection, dry sorbent injection with humidification, and processes involving furnace sorbent injection with humidification. The performance characteristics of the ESPs are presented under both baseline and spray dryer conditions. The results are analyzed and the Southern Research Institute ESP Computer Model was used to evaluate the data. Special techniques for measuring particle resistivity at these conditions are described. A theoretical examination of particle reentrainment was undertaken which indicated that at low-resistivity levels the electrostatic forces reverse and tend to pull the particles off the plates with a force proportional to the square of the electric field. This repulsion of particles from the plates at spray dryer conditions was confirmed by laboratory experiments. Chloride content of the coal was found to be an important parameter effecting the performance of the ESP. Implications of the results of this evaluation relative to ESP upgrades are presented.
Stimulated Wood's anomalies on laser-illuminated surfaces (1986)

Spontaneous, highly periodic, often permanent surface gratings or "ripples" can develop on the surface of almost any solid or liquid material illuminated by a single laser beam of sufficient intensity, under either pulsed or CW conditions. The grating periods are such that the incident laser beam is diffracted into a tangential wave which skims just along or under the illuminated surface. These spontaneously appearing surface ripples are generated by a runaway growth process analogous to stimulated Brillouin or Raman scattering or small-scale self focusing, but having many of the same properties as Wood's anomalies in diffraction gratings. Hence, it seems appropriate to refer to these spontaneous surface structures as "stimulated Wood's anomalies."
Mesomorphic metalloporphyrins showing calamitic mesophases (1992)

D. W. Bruce, D. A. Dunmur, L. S. Santa and M. A. Wali, J. Mater. Chem., 1992, 2, 363 DOI: 10.1039/JM9920200363
Mean position tracking of respiratory motion (2008)

Modeling and predicting tumor motion caused by respiration is challenging due to temporal variations in breathing patterns. Treatment approaches such as gating or adaptive bed adjustment/ alignment may not require full knowledge of instantaneous position, but might benefit from tracking the general trend of the motion. One simple method for tracking mean tumor position is to apply moving average filters with window sizes corresponding to the breathing periods. Yet respiratory motion is only semiperiodic, so such methods require reliable phase estimation, which is difficult in the presence of noise. This article describes a robust method to track the mean position of respiratory motion without explicitly estimating instantaneous phase. We form a state vector from the respiration signal values at the current instant and at a previous time, and fit an ellipse model to training data. Ellipse eccentricity and orientation potentially capture hysteresis in respiratory motion. Furthermore, we provide two recursive online algorithms for real time mean position tracking: a windowed version with an adaptive window size and another one with temporal discounting. We test the proposed method with simulated breathing traces, as well as with real time-displacement (RPM, Varian) signals. Estimation traces are compared with retrospectively generated moving average results to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach.
<title>Etching technology and applications for through-the-wafer silicon etching</title> (1995)

This presentation reviews aspects relevant to anisotropic very deep plasma etching of silicon. Plasma etching of silicon to depths in excess of 500 (mu) at rates above 4 (mu) /min. allow for new self-releasing or unidirectional flexure structures. It will begin by covering a brief comparison of anisotropic plasma etching with some other alternative very deep etching processes. The impact of Alcatel's product offering ain attaining this etch technology is also reviewed, as well as some of the interdependencies in the etch process. Then the different anisotropic etch regimes will be discussed along with the characteristics and sample applications in each regime.
Surface Energy Analysis of Carbon Fibers and Films (1974)

Abstract Amorphous and graphitic carbon fibers and film surfaces are characterized by wettability measurements and surface energy analysis which isolate the (London-d) dispersion γd svand (Keesom-p) polar γp sv contribution to solid-vapor surface tension γsv =γd sv + γp sv Graphitized carbon fibers which are surface treated to provide strong bonding to polar matrix resins show consistent strong polar contributions to total surface tension with γd sv|γsv ≃ γp sv|γsv ≃ 0.50. Amorphous carbon films prepared for biological implant applications display dominant dispersion character in surface energy with γd sv|γsv ≃ 0-74 to 0.95 and γp sv|γsv ≃ 0.05 to 0.24.
Absorption of short duration pulses by small, scalable, tapered granular chains (2005)

Making shock proof layers is an outstanding challenge. Elastic spheres are known to repel softer than springs when gently squeezed but develop strong repulsion upon compression and the forces between adjacent spheres lead to ballistic-like energy transfer between them. Here we demonstrate that a small alignment of progressively shrinking spheres of a strong, light-mass material, placed horizontally in an appropriate casing, can absorb ∼80% (∼90%) of the incident force (energy) pulse. The system can be scaled down in size. Effects of varying the size, radius shrinkage and restitutive losses are shown via computed “dynamical phase diagrams.”
The Reaction of Styryl Radicals with Organoaluminum Compounds (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Styryl Radicals with Organoaluminum CompoundsTerry Huff and Eli PerryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 16, 4277–4281Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01501a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01501a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CDMA physical layer built-in security enhancement (2003)

Served as one of the most widely used wireless airlink interface, CDMA has been identified as a major technique for 3G wireless communications. The current IS-95 CDMA provides a near-satisfactory security solution to voice centric wireless communications, since generally each voice conversation only lasts a very short period of time. However, the security features provided by IS-95 CDMA are far from adequate and being acceptable when used for data communications. In this paper, the security weakness of the existing CDMA airlink interface is analyzed. Encrypted key stream based on advanced encryption standard (AES) is proposed to be used in the scrambling process, instead of using the scrambling sequence generated from the 42-bit linear feedback shift register (LFSR) as in IS-95. Ensured by AES, physical layer built-in security of the proposed scheme is much stronger than that of the IS-95 system.
Generation of anti-peptide monoclonal antibodies which recognize mature CSF-2 <i>alpha</i> (IL 3) protein. (1985)

The colony-stimulating factor CSF-2 alpha (IL 3) has been purified to homogeneity, the protein sequenced, and the gene encoding this lymphokine cloned. Knowledge of the protein sequence permitted the synthesis of peptides corresponding to the amino terminus of the molecule. These peptides, after conjugation to palmitic acid, were used to immunize mice. Spleen cells from mice immunized with one of these peptides (CSF-2 alpha 1-14) were fused with the myeloma cell line NS-1. The fusion resulted in the isolation of two hybridoma cell lines, designated 6A5 and 4D4, that secreted antibodies that were specific for the immunizing peptide. The antibodies did not react with a closely related peptide CSF-2 alpha 7-16. The antibodies were capable, however, of recognized CSF-2 alpha protein as judged by the ability of the antibodies to remove CSF-2 alpha activity from culture medium of PHA-stimulated LBRM-33-5A4 cells, to immunoprecipitate radiolabeled CSF-2 alpha protein, and to detect CSF-2 alpha protein bound to nitrocellulose membranes.
Design of Check-Hybrid LDPC Codes for Data Communications over Helicopter-Satellite Channels (2017)

A class of check-hybrid low-density parity-check (CH-LDPC) codes is designed and implemented to mitigate the problem of periodical signal blockage over the helicoptersatellite channels. The CH-LDPC code is derived by replacing one layer check nodes of a quasi-cyclic LDPC (QC-LDPC) code by simplex code constraints or first-order Reed-Muller (RM) code constraints, based on the property that the check matrix of the QC-LDPC code has a layered structure. Moreover, extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) functions are established to analyze the iterative decoding performance of the CH-LDPC codes. Simulation results show that, compared with the QCLDPC coding scheme, the CH-LDPC coding scheme designed in this paper achieves more than 25% bandwidth efficiency improvement over the helicopter-satellite channels.
The Logical Principles of a New Kind of Binary Counter (1953)

In a shifting register or binary counter, there is a real logical requirement for a short term or temporary storage facility. In the counter, this occurs during the interval in which the actual count process is occurring. A positive memory counter is described in which this auxiliary storage is provided by elements which have the same time-indefinite storage property as the principal storage elements of the counter. This leads to a device which has two ranks of storage elements: the "true" and the "false" rank. The behavior of the single-stage and multiple-stage counter of this kind is derived, and the rules of formation for all numbers appearing in the true and in the false ranks are derived. The basic device is then generalized to one with four modes of operation, and the behavior and rules of number formation are discussed. Example of the application of the extended counter to a computing machine is given.
Fully Loaded Micromotors for Combinatorial Delivery and Autonomous Release of Cargoes (2014)

Integrating functional self-propelled Zinc micromotors are created by coup-ling electrodeposition with hard dual-templating synthesis. The micromotors concurrently possess four robust functions including a remarkably high loading capacity, combinatorial delivery of cargoes, autonomous release of encapsulated payloads, and self-destruction. This concept could be expanded to simultaneous encapsulation of various payloads for different functionalities such as therapy, diagnostics, and imaging.
Equlibrium between Liquid Fe‐Ti‐O Slags and Metallic Iron (2007)

The compositions of Fe‐Ti‐O melts in equilibrium with molten iron have been determined by melting mixtures of TiO 2 , metallic iron and various additions of either Fe 2 O 3 or metallic titanium in a high‐frequency induction furnace. The furnace had a vertically segmented water‐cooled copper crucible which enabled the mixture to be melted with vigorous stirring inside a freeze‐lining of about 1 mm thickness. The slag compositions were found to form a curved line in the ternary diagram FeTiO 3 – TiO 2 – Ti 2 O 3 with its highest TiO 2 content slightly higher than the pseudobrookite (M 3 O 5 ) composition FeTi 2 O 5 ‐ Ti 3 O 5 . The slags were examined by X‐ray diffraction and microprobe analyses. For all slags the main phase was pseudobrookite (M 3 O 5 ) solid solution with some rutile or Magnéli phase (Ti n O 2n‐1 ). The most iron‐rich and the most titanium‐rich slags contained also some FeTiO 3 , respectively Ti 2 O 3 phase. A melting point diagram is suggested with a eutectic groove running between the M 3 O 5 phase and the TiO 2 or Magnéli phase from about 1665°C for the iron‐free to the less than 1500°C for the titanium‐free slags.