gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Motion Recovery via Active Trajectory Field Models (2009)

Cardiovascular researchers are constantly developing new and innovative medical imaging technologies, striving to improve the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular dysfunction. Combining these sophisticated imaging methods with advancements in image understanding via computational intelligence will continue to advance the frontier of cardiovascular medicine. Recently, researchers have turned to a new class of tissue motion imaging techniques, including displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) in cardiac magnetic resonance (cMR) imaging, to directly quantify cardiac displacement and produce accurate spatiotemporal measurements of myocardial strain, twist, and torsion. The associated analysis of DENSE cMR and other tissue motion imagery, however, represents a major bottleneck in the study of intramyocardial mechanics. In the computational intelligence area of deformable models, this paper develops an automated motion recovery technique termed active trajectory field models (ATFMs) geared toward these new motion imaging protocols, offering quantitative physiological measurements without the pains of manual analyses. This novel generative deformable model exploits both image information and prior knowledge of cardiac motion, utilizing a point distribution model derived from a training set of myocardial trajectory fields to automatically recover cardiac motion from a noisy image sequence. The effectiveness of the ATFM method is demonstrated by quantifying myocardial motion in 2-D short-axis murine DENSE cMR image sequences both before and after myocardial infarction, producing results comparable to existing semiautomatic analysis methods.
Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp): positive effector for histidine operon transcription and general signal for amino-acid deficiency. (1975)

Maximal expression of the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium in a coupled in vitro transcription-translation system is strongly dependent upon addition of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp). This requirement for ppGpp is exerted at the level of transcription through a mechanism distinct from the his-operon-specific regulatory mechanism. In vivo derepression of the his operon is markedly defective when histidine starvation is imposed on a relA mutant--unable to rapidly increase synthesis of ppGpp--growing in amino-acid-rich medium. Increased sensitivity of relA mutants to growth inhibition by a number of amino-acid analogs suggests that ppGpp is generally important in adjusting expression of amino-acid-producing systems. Analysis of these findings leads us to propose that ppGpp is a positive effector in a system that enables the cell to balance endogenous amino-acid production with environmental conditions of amino-acid availability, and to compensate efficiently for transient changes in these conditions. We propose a unifying theory of the role of ppGpp as the general signal molecule (alarmone) in a "super-control" which senses an amino-acid deficiency and redirects the cell's economy in response.
The creation of Delta: a new concept in ANS processing (1988)

The Delta floating-point processor is a very high-speed array processor designed for artificial neural system simulation in a PC/AT environment. It was developed from concept to production in 15 months, and includes several design innovations that make it the fastest available plug-in floating-point array processor. The design process leading to successful development of the Delta and the novel features that contribute to its speed are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient intracellular delivery and improved biocompatibility of colloidal silver nanoparticles towards intracellular SERS immuno-sensing (2015)

High throughput intracellular delivery strategies, electroporation, passive and TATHA2 facilitated diffusion of colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are investigated for cellular toxicity and uptake using state-of-art analytical techniques. The TATHA2 facilitated approach efficiently delivered high payload with no toxicity, pre-requisites for intracellular applications of plasmonic metal nanoparticles (PMNPs) in sensing and therapeutics.
3D Global Virtual Teaming Environment (2006)

Based on research conducted at a large multinational corporation, we identified several unique requirements for global team collaboration. Our findings included that two-thirds of employees work on distributed teams and the same percentage also work on multiple teams. These and other data led us to seek a solution that would seamlessly support the complexities discovered while enhancing team and personal productivity. To adequately represent the complexities, we needed an object-oriented information workspace where the use of a 3D user interface allows users to retain multiple contexts. We chose an environment already developed by Intel Research, Miramar, as a prototyping vehicle
Melatonin Production: Proteasomal Proteolysis in Serotonin <i>N</i> -Acetyltransferase Regulation (1998)

The nocturnal increase in circulating melatonin in vertebrates is regulated by 10- to 100-fold increases in pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) activity. Changes in the amount of AA-NAT protein were shown to parallel changes in AA-NAT activity. When neural stimulation was switched off by either light exposure or L-propranolol-induced beta-adrenergic blockade, both AA-NAT activity and protein decreased rapidly. Effects of L-propranolol were blocked in vitro by dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) or inhibitors of proteasomal proteolysis. This result indicates that adrenergic-cAMP regulation of AA-NAT is mediated by rapid reversible control of selective proteasomal proteolysis. Similar proteasome-based mechanisms may function widely as selective molecular switches in vertebrate neural systems.
Acute Pancreatitis in Five European Countries: Etiology and Mortality (2002)

Both cholelithiasis and alcohol were main etiologic factors in the more northern countries studied, whereas cholelithiasis alone predominated in the more southern ones. Mortality was high for necrotic pancreatitis; it was similar among the various etiologic groups, and there was no relationship between mortality and age.
K/sub a/-Band Ferrite Phase Shifter (Correspondence) (1961)

In 1957, Reggia and Spencer utilized a new technique to develop a phase shifter at 9.1 kMc. This letter reports an extension of their technique to K/sub a/-band frequencies. A maximum figure of merit of 1100 degrees of phase shift per db of loss has been achieved at 35 kMc +- 500 Mc.
Chelating resins supporting dithiocarbamate and methylthiourea groups in adsorption of heavy metal ions (1994)

Abstract Two different sulfur atom containing functional groups were introduced into poly(styrene‐ g ‐ethylene glycols), PSR‐ET (13) OH, consisting of a cross‐linked polystyrene backbone grafted with linear poly(ethylene glycol) chains. Reaction of an amino derivative of the polymeric substrate with carbon disulfide and methylisothiocyanate produced new chelating resins of dithiocarbamate type, PSR‐ET (13) CS 2 Na, and methylthiourea type, PSR‐ET (13) TU, respectively. The adsorption behavior of these resins was studied toward Hg(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) ions in different experimental conditions. The order of metal adsorption for dithiocarbamate‐supported resins was Hg(II) > Pb(II) ≫ Cd(II) > Cu(II) and for methylthiourea‐supported resins was Hg(II) ≫ Cu(II) > Cd(II) ≫ Pb(II). Different regeneration methods were performed with the dithiocarbamate and methylthiourea resins; the former was regenerated by complete mineralization of the metal complexes, the latter by treatment with a solution of 6 N HCl and 10% of thiourea. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preliminary comparison between real-time in-vivo spectral and transverse oscillation velocity estimates (2011)

Spectral velocity estimation is considered the gold standard in medical ultrasound. Peak systole (PS), end diastole (ED), and resistive index (RI) are used clinically. Angle correction is performed using a flow angle set manually. With Transverse Oscillation (TO) velocity estimates the flow angle, peak systole (PS<sub>TO</sub>), end diastole (ED<sub>TO</sub>), and resistive index (RI<sub>TO</sub>) are estimated. This study investigates if these clinical parameters are estimated equally good using spectral and TO data. The right common carotid arteries of three healthy volunteers were scanned longitudinally. Average TO flow angles and std were calculated { 52±18 ; 55±23 ; 60±16 }°. Spectral angles { 52 ; 56 ; 52 }° were obtained from the B-mode images. Obtained values are: PS<sub>TO</sub> { 76±15 ; 89±28 ; 77±7 } cm/s, spectral PS { 77 ; 110 ; 76 } cm/s, ED<sub>TO</sub> { 10±3 ; 14±8 ; 15±3 } cm/s, spectral ED { 18 ; 13 ; 20 } cm/s, RITO { 0.87±0.05 ; 0.79±0.21 ; 0.79±0.06 }, and spectral RI { 0.77 ; 0.88 ; 0.73 }. Vector angles are within ±two std of the spectral angle. TO velocity estimates are within ±three std of the spectral estimates. RI<sub>TO</sub> are within ±two std of the spectral estimates. Preliminary data indicates that the TO and spectral velocity estimates are equally good. With TO there is no manual angle setting and no flow angle limitation. TO velocity estimation can also automatically handle situations where the angle varies over the cardiac cycle. More detailed temporal and spatial vector estimates with diagnostic potential are available with the TO velocity estimation.
<i>In Vitro</i> Metabolism of Fluoroimide in the Cell Suspension of Apple Leaves (1983)

リンゴ新鮮葉からマセロザイムR-10を用いた酵素法により分離した細胞を, 2,4-Dを含む Murashige-Skoog の培養液中で27℃, 暗所下で培養し, 14C-フルオロイミドを培養液に添加すると速やかに加水分解され, 細胞内に吸収された. 主代謝物は, 4-fluoro-dichloromaleanilic acid (12), dichloromaleic acid (15) および (E)-2,3-dichloroacrylicacid (14) で, これらは細胞, 培養液双方に検出された. これら in vitro の結果より得られた代謝経路は, ヒメリンゴによる in vitro の経路とよく一致しているが, 今回, 大量培養細胞より (14) が新たに単離, 同定された. フルオロイミドおよび2種の脱クロロ代謝物 (2, 5) にリンゴ培養細胞に対する増殖阻害作用が認められたが, 生成率はいずれもわずかであった.
Adaptive neighborhood mean and median image filtering (1994)

A new approach to adaptive-neighborhood or region-based noise filtering is presented. The basic idea in this technique is to identify contextually related features in the image and to carry out statistical filtering operations using the pixels in these areas. Neighborhoods in the image are identified as sets of pixels that are 8-connected to the reference or seed pixel and are within a specified gray-level tolerance of the seed pixel. Thus, operations are based on contextual details in the image rather than an arbitrary grouping ofpixels (as in 3 x 3 filtering). These methods are applied to synthesized and natural images, and it is shown both quantitatively and qualitatively that adaptive-neighborhood filtering techniques are superior to analogous fixed-neighborhood filtering techniques.
Specific sequences in the signal anchor of the beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase are not essential for Golgi localization. Membrane flanking sequences may specify Golgi retention. (1993)

The beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase is a trans Golgi/trans Golgi network glycosyltransferase which adds sialic acid residues to Asn-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. Previous results suggested that the sialyltransferase stem and signal anchor including flanking sequences may be two independent Golgi retention regions. However, other experiments demonstrated that the sequence of the signal anchor itself was not important. To investigate whether the sialyltransferase signal anchor was necessary and sufficient for Golgi retention, several mutant and chimeric proteins were expressed and localized in Cos-1 and Chinese hamster ovary cells. We found that the signal anchor and flanking sequences were able to retain the sialyltransferase catalytic domain in the Golgi. However, efficient Golgi retention was still observed when the signal anchor was altered or entirely replaced in either the presence or absence of most of the luminal stem region. Chimeric proteins consisting of the sialyltransferase cytoplasmic tail and signal anchor fused to the extracellular domains of two different cell surface proteins demonstrated poor Golgi retention. A significant increase in the Golgi retention of one of these chimeras was observed when two lysines were placed next to the signal anchor on the luminal side. Taken together these results suggest that the sialyltransferase signal anchor is not necessary or sufficient for Golgi retention, rather, appropriately spaced cytoplasmic and luminal flanking sequences are the important elements of the sialyltransferase Golgi retention region.
The Reaction of Azidoörganic Compounds with Acetylenes. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Azidoörganic Compounds with Acetylenes.John A. Durden, Harry A. Stansbury, and William H. CatletteCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1964, 9, 2, 228–232Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60021a025https://doi.org/10.1021/je60021a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Explainable Planning (2017)

As AI is increasingly being adopted into application solutions, the challenge of supporting interaction with humans is becoming more apparent. Partly this is to support integrated working styles, in which humans and intelligent systems cooperate in problem-solving, but also it is a necessary step in the process of building trust as humans migrate greater responsibility to such systems. The challenge is to find effective ways to communicate the foundations of AI-driven behaviour, when the algorithms that drive it are far from transparent to humans. In this paper we consider the opportunities that arise in AI planning, exploiting the model-based representations that form a familiar and common basis for communication with users, while acknowledging the gap between planning algorithms and human problem-solving.
A PWM buck-boost AC chopper solving the commutation problem (1998)

A novel pulsewidth modulation buck-boost AC chopper using regenerative DC snubbers is proposed and analyzed. Compared to the previous buck-boost AC choppers, AC snubbers causing power loss are eliminated using regenerative DC snubbers. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme gives good steady-state performance of the AC chopper, which coincides with the theoretical results.
Dye-doped liquid crystals as high-resolution recording media (1997)

Light-induced anchoring of the molecular director is reported to be an efficient method for writing permanent holographic gratings in dye-doped liquid crystals. We have achieved higher sensitivity and spatial resolution in these materials with other methods. An energy density as low as 10(-1) J/cm(2) was sufficient to write gratings with a resolution higher than 100 lines/mm.
‘Angina’ and normal coronary arteriograms: a follow-up study (1980)

Follow-up of patients with possible angina but normal coronary arteriograms suggests that coronary artery spasm or other causes of myocardial ischaemia are rare in these patients. Oesophageal spasm proved a common cause of diagnostic difficulty.
Superconducting Magnet Quench Protection for ISABELLE (1977)

A system is described which allows the main series current in the ring magnets to automatically bypass a quenching unit. The method employs the switching capabilities inherent in silicon diodes operating at very low temperatures. Experimentally determined parameters are given for a high current diode suitable for use in superconducting accelerators and storage rings.
Molecular disassembly of rice and lotus starches during thermal processing and its effect on starch digestibility (2016)

The molecular disassembly of starch during thermal processing is a major determinant for the susceptibility of starch to enzymatic digestion. In the present study, the effects of thermal processing on the disassembly of the granular structure and the in vitro enzymatic digestibility of rice and lotus starches were investigated. After heating at 50 °C, rice and lotus starches did not show significant changes in granular morphology, long-range crystallinity and short-range molecular order. As the temperature increased to 60 °C, rice starch underwent a partial gelatinization followed by an incomplete disruption of granular morphology, crystallites and molecular order. In contrast, lotus starch was almost completely gelatinized at 60 °C. At 70 °C or higher, both starches were fully gelatinized with complete disruption of the micro and macro structures. Our results show that gelatinization greatly increased the in vitro enzymatic digestibility of both starches, but that the degree of disassembly of the starch structure during thermal processing was not a major determinant of the digestibility of gelatinized starch.
Face tracking and realistic animations for telecommunicant clones (2000)

Using realistic face models and photometric modeling techniques, we present a visual feedback loop that tracks a face, without any marker or controlled lighting, throughout a video sequence and precisely recovers the face position and orientation. We also propose animation techniques to embed realistic expressions in our 3D clones. Such face models permit automatic construction of appearance models.
Human Glutathione S-Transferases (1998)

Human glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a functionally diverse family of soluble enzymes of detoxification that use reduced glutathione (GSH) in conjugation and reduction reactions. Toxic electrophiles, including a variety of carcinogens, are substrates for the GSTs and after conjugation or reduction they are more easily excreted into bile or urine. Many of the GSTs have been cloned, and the three-dimensional structures of GSTs from several species, including humans, have been determined. These data have provided significant insight into how the GSTs function as enzymes. Many GST substrates are inducers of GST gene expression; nonsubstrate inducers include H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species. The regulatory elements of several human GST genes have been partially characterized, and the regulation of the GSTs in humans appears to be very different from that in rodents. Several polymorphisms of GST expression occur commonly in humans and have been associated with an increased susceptibility to certain cancers, particularly when combined with other genetic and environmental factors such as smoking. The role of GSTs in protecting cells from injury by toxic electrophiles continues to be developed.
Electroencephalography in Diffuse Encephalopathies (1984)

Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Markand at Department of Neurology, Riley Hospital, A599N, 702 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46223.
Versatile Route to Polyol Polyesters by Lipase Catalysis (2005)

A simple, environmentally friendly, and practical route is described for the preparation of polyesters from polyols. For the first time, soluble polymers from reduced sugars were synthesized with absolute molecular weights up to 117 000 (Mw), without chemical activation of the monomer acid groups or the addition of an organic solvent. Although highly polar reactants were used, they formed a monophasic liquid medium when gently mixed and heated without addition of a polar aprotic solvent. The lipase-catalyst (Lipase B from Candida antartica immobilized on Lewatit beads) suspended in the monophasic liquid was selective and highly active. Polyesters rich in hydroxyl functionality, such as poly(sorbityladipate), were prepared without the need to use protection-deprotection chemistry. While the lipase was highly selective for sorbitol polymerizations, it was promiscuous for glycerol copolymerizations. This promiscuity led to poly(1,8-octanoyladipate-co-glyceroladipate) chains that are rich in mono-substituted glycerol terminated branches. Thermal analysis of the sorbitol and glycerol copolymers revealed they are semi-crystalline, low melting, soft materials. The lipase-catalyzed polyol condensation synthetic strategy is anticipated to be broadly applicable to many natural and synthetic polyols.
Application of Methods for Evaluating Air Cleaner Performance (1993)

Real-time data obtained with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometer were used for both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of air cleaner performance. Differences among air cleaners were evaluated by performing ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni-normalized multiple compari son test on the average concentration of each analyte when the air cleaners were on and off. A mathematical model was developed and applied which permits air cleaner efficiencies and clean air delivery rates to be determined by performing a kinetic analysis of the real-time data for each analyte. This new method for determining clean air delivery rate is broadly applicable to any steady-state concentration data and does not require real-time data for appli cation.