gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wideband reconfigurable bandstop filter for future wireless communication (2010)

This paper presents a novel reconfigurable bandstop filter for future wideband wireless communication systems. The filter consists of a parallel coupled-line and two varactor diodes etched onto standard FR4 board. The structure of this filter is simple and could easily be integrated with other microwave circuitry. Measurement results show that the stopband of the filter can be tuned from 0.47GHz to 1.67GHz. This is achieved by varying the capacitance of a pair of varactor diodes. Although still present, the first harmonic of the fundamental stopband is significant attenuated. The stopband tuning range is restricted by the capacitance variation which can be achieved using the varactor diode. The potential tuning range of this filter is more than 2 octaves, and has been developed for integration into a wide band circular array with reconfigurable pattern and frequency notch.
Well Performance Analysis: A Synergetic Approach to Dynamic Reservoir Description (1981)

ABSTRACT In the paper the quantitative interpretation of production logs, i.e. simultaneous recordings of bottom-hole flow profile and pressure, using a vertically distributed single well model (VDSWM) is described. In this approach a production log is run in the steady flow period preceding a well shut-in and then again, where necessary, during the closed-in period in order to detect any layer crossflow through the well-bore. The local reservoir description i.e. individual layer permeabilities and damage/perforation skin factors are then systematically altered from initial estimates until the predictions of: the flow profile and drawdown during the flow period,the transient pressure response and layer crossflow during shut-in, from the single well simulation match the corresponding measurements. The initial estimate of permeability distribution is obtained from the open-hole logs using a zonation algorithm and a permeability transform calibrated with core data from key wells. Thus conventional well test analysis, which typically deals with overall average permeability and skin factor, is extended to give estimates of these quantities on a layer-by-layer basis by matching the flow distribution as well as the pressure response. The main objective is to identify, firstly, layers whose effective permeability is greater than the value indicated from core/log studies i.e. potential thief zones with anomalous characteristics and, secondly, completion problems associated with groups of perforations which do not flow. The VDSWM allows the synergetic interpretation of data from several sources viz open-hole logs and cores, production logging, transient well testing and RFT* pressure surveys to obtain a layered reservoir description which is as realistic as possible. Given this model it is shown how the steady-state inflow performance of the well, in the situation where the layers have depleted to different potentials, can be represented by partial productivity index matrices which when multiplied by the vector of layer drawdowns yield either the layer flows at the sand-face or at the external face of the radial flow region surrounding the well; these are different due to near well-bore flow convergence. These matrix formulations can be used as the lumped parameter single well models in layered reservoir simulators on the basis of the concept of the equivalent block radius of Peaceman (15) generalized to a layered system.
Prevention of Murine Rotavirus Infection with Chicken Egg Yolk Immunoglobulins (1980)

Passive protection of infant mice against murine rotavirus was achieved with use of immunoglobulins from the eggs of chickens. Immunoglobulins were obtained by vaccinating hens with simian rotavirus, collecting the eggs after a high level of immunoglobulins was reached in the hen's serum, and isolating the water-soluble fraction from these eggs. The water-soluble fraction was then given twice daily to three-day-old mice to protect them from infection with murine rotavirus. The protection was found to decrease the infection rate from 90% to 15% with use of a standard dose of virus.
Automatic brain hemorrhage segmentation and classification in CT scan images (2013)

Brain hemorrhage detection and classification is a major help to physicians to rescue patients in an early stage. In this paper, we have tried to introduce an automatic detection and classification method to improve and accelerate the process of physicians' decision-making. To achieve this purpose, at first we have used a simple and effective segmentation method to detect and separate the hemorrhage regions from other parts of the brain, and then we have extracted a number of features from each detected hemorrhage region. We selected some of convenient features by using a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based feature selection algorithm. Eventually, we have classified the different types of hemorrhages. Our algorithm is evaluated on a perfect set of CT-scan images and the segmentation accuracy for three major types of hemorrhages (EDH, ICH and SDH) obtained 96.22%, 95.14% and 90.04%, respectively. In the classification step, multilayer neural network could be more successful than the KNN classifier because of its higher accuracy (93.3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">%</sup> ). Finally, we achieved the accuracy rate of more than 90% for the detection and classification of brain hemorrhages.
Telomeres: what's new at your end? (2005)

The ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, the telomeres, fulfill unique and essential functions in genome integrity. First and above all, they represent the ends of the DNA molecules. In general, non-telomeric double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) are not tolerated and are rapidly repaired.[⇓][1]



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Some recent applications of α-amino nitrile chemistry (2000)

Bifunctional α-amino nitriles are not only versatile intermediates in organic synthesis but also exhibit a valuable dual reactivity, which has been utilized in a broad range of synthetic applications. This review highlights recent developments in the chemistry of α-amino nitriles, including asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids via Strecker reactions using chiral auxiliaries and catalysts, α-amino nitriles as masked iminium ion equivalents in cationic reactions and the synthesis of natural products and heterocycles, and α-metallation to provide nucleophilic acyl anion equivalents and applications to asymmetric Umpolung reactions.
The Glycan Shield of HIV Is Predominantly Oligomannose Independently of Production System or Viral Clade (2011)

The N-linked oligomannose glycans of HIV gp120 are a target for both microbicide and vaccine design. The extent of cross-clade conservation of HIV oligomannose glycans is therefore a critical consideration for the development of HIV prophylaxes. We measured the oligomannose content of virion-associated gp120 from primary virus from PBMCs for a range of viral isolates and showed cross-clade elevation (62-79%) of these glycans relative to recombinant, monomeric gp120 (∼30%). We also confirmed that pseudoviral production systems can give rise to notably elevated gp120 oligomannose levels (∼98%), compared to gp120 derived from a single-plasmid viral system using the HIV(LAI) backbone (56%). This study highlights differences in glycosylation between virion-associated and recombinant gp120.
Photolysis of 2,3-diphenylcycloprop-2-enecarboxylic acid azide and its homologue (1967)

N. C. Castellucci, M. Kato, H. Zenda and S. Masamune, Chem. Commun. (London), 1967, 473 DOI: 10.1039/C19670000473
Impact of Metabolic Heterogeneity on Tumor Growth, Invasion, and Treatment Outcomes (2015)

Histopathologic knowledge that extensive heterogeneity exists between and within tumors has been confirmed and deepened recently by molecular studies. However, the impact of tumor heterogeneity on prognosis and treatment remains as poorly understood as ever. Using a hybrid multiscale mathematical model of tumor growth in vascularized tissue, we investigated the selection pressures exerted by spatial and temporal variations in tumor microenvironment and the resulting phenotypic adaptations. A key component of this model is normal and tumor metabolism and its interaction with microenvironmental factors. The metabolic phenotype of tumor cells is plastic, and microenvironmental selection leads to increased tumor glycolysis and decreased pH. Once this phenotype emerges, the tumor dramatically changes its behavior due to acid-mediated invasion, an effect that depends on both variations in the tumor cell phenotypes and their spatial distribution within the tumor. In early stages of growth, tumors are stratified, with the most aggressive cells developing within the interior of the tumor. These cells then grow to the edge of the tumor and invade into the normal tissue using acidosis. Simulations suggest that diffusible cytotoxic treatments, such as chemotherapy, may increase the metabolic aggressiveness of a tumor due to drug-mediated selection. Chemotherapy removes the metabolic stratification of the tumor and allows more aggressive cells to grow toward blood vessels and normal tissue. Antiangiogenic therapy also selects for aggressive phenotypes due to degradation of the tumor microenvironment, ultimately resulting in a more invasive tumor. In contrast, pH buffer therapy slows down the development of aggressive tumors, but only if administered when the tumor is still stratified. Overall, findings from this model highlight the risks of cytotoxic and antiangiogenic treatments in the context of tumor heterogeneity resulting from a selection for more aggressive behaviors.
Fishing With 1.5- and 1.75-in. Coiled Tubing at Western Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (1990)

ABSTRACT Coiled tubing use in the Western Operating Area of the Prudhoe Bay oil field in the Alaska Arctic increased to over 750 operations in 1989. Coiled tubing is routinely used to run inflatable bridge plugs and packers, and electric line logging tools as well as performing a variety of stimulation, remedial cementing and clean-out operations. Development of fishing capability is the logical extension of coiled tubing technology in this field given this high activity level. During the second half of 1989, 21 fishing operations were attempted using coiled tubing with an 81% success rate. Cost savings in excess of $2MM were realized in the initial phase of this project. Successful fishing operations have been performed with both 1.5 inch and 1.75 inch coiled tubing utilizing hydraulic jars, mud motors, plus an assortment of "off-the-shelf" and field manufactured fishing tools. None of the operations resulted in leaving coiled tubing in the hole or in leaving the well in a worse condition than at the start of the operation. Utilization of mud motors has been particularly successful in diversifying potential application of this technology to adaptation of existing rotary fishing techniques. Included in this paper is a summary of the preliminary durability testing, a general discussion of the methodology involved, as well as three case histories. The case histories consist of fishing coiled tubing with coiled tubing, post fracturing inflatable bridge plug fishing and fishing an inflatable bridge plug buried by large pieces of cement.
Nucleation and growth of zeolite A under reagent controlled conditions. Part II (1999)

Broad differences in the synthesis kinetics and the morphology of zeolite A from two silicate sources (soluble silicate and Ludox colloidal silica) and two different aluminium sources (aluminium isopropoxide and freshly prepared aluminium hydroxide) are reported. The differences are attributed to different rate limiting steps in the syntheses. The reactions have been followed by small angle X-ray scattering from the time of first mixing of the constituents until the final separation of zeolite A crystals. The soluble silicate and Ludox/aluminium hydroxide syntheses produce excellent cubic crystals in the 300 nm–1 µm size range. The products of the first synthesis have an interesting texture on the scale of nanometres but with aluminium isopropoxide as the aluminium source, the resulting zeolite A has a spherical morphology of size ca. 100 nm. Possible reasons for the development of these morphologies are discussed.
Ethylene and the regulation of plant development (2012)

Often considered an 'aging' hormone due to its role in accelerating such developmental processes as ripening, senescence, and abscission, the plant hormone ethylene also regulates many aspects of growth and development throughout the life cycle of the plant. Multiple mechanisms have been identified by which transcriptional output from the ethylene signaling pathway can be tailored to meet the needs of particular developmental pathways. Of special interest is the report by Lumba et al. in BMC Biology on how vegetative transitions are regulated through the effect of the transcription factor FUSCA3 on ethylene-controlled gene expression, providing an elegant example of how hormonal control can be integrated into a developmental pathway.
Engineering of carbon based nanomaterials by ring-opening reactions of a reactive azlactone graphene platform (2015)

A reactive azlactone-based graphene nanoplatform was successfully synthesized by the ligation of azido-azlactone with alkyne-terminated graphene via Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition. The reactive azlactone rings, grafted on graphene sheets, were subjected to highly efficient ring-opening reactions with functionalized primary amine derivatives incorporating an aminosilane coupling agent or a biological fragment.
MULTI-SENSORY SYNERGIES IN HUMANOID ROBOTICS (2004)

Sensing is a key element for any intelligent robotic system. This paper describes the current progress of a project in the Intelligent Robotics Research Center at Monash University that has the aim of developing a synergistic set of sensory systems for a humanoid robot. Currently, sensing modes for colour vision, stereo vision, active range, smell and airflow are being developed in a size and form that is compatible with the humanoid appearance. Essential considerations are sensor calibration and the processing of sensor data to give reliable information about properties of the robot's environment. In order to demonstrate the synergistic use of all of the available sensory modes, a high level supervisory control scheme is being developed for the robot. All time-stamped sensor data together with derived information about the robot's environment are organized in a blackboard system. Control action sequences are then derived from the blackboard data based on a task description. The paper presents details of each of the robot's sensory systems, sensor calibration, and supervisory control. Results are also presented of a demonstration project that involves identifying and selecting mugs containing household chemicals. Proposals for future development of the humanoid robot are also presented.
Software Fault Prediction Using Quad Tree-Based K-Means Clustering Algorithm (2011)

Unsupervised techniques like clustering may be used for fault prediction in software modules, more so in those cases where fault labels are not available. In this paper a Quad Tree-based K-Means algorithm has been applied for predicting faults in program modules. The aims of this paper are twofold. First, Quad Trees are applied for finding the initial cluster centers to be input to the A'-Means Algorithm. An input threshold parameter δ governs the number of initial cluster centers and by varying δ the user can generate desired initial cluster centers. The concept of clustering gain has been used to determine the quality of clusters for evaluation of the Quad Tree-based initialization algorithm as compared to other initialization techniques. The clusters obtained by Quad Tree-based algorithm were found to have maximum gain values. Second, the Quad Tree- based algorithm is applied for predicting faults in program modules. The overall error rates of this prediction approach are compared to other existing algorithms and are found to be better in most of the cases.
Adaptive HARQ for imperfect channel knowledge (2010)

We consider a link adaptation scheme with adaptive coding and modulation and adaptive retransmissions on a block fading channel. Therefore, we characterize the performance of the employed channel code with puncturing and repetition coding in a unified way and use this description to devise a method to adapt modulation and code rate in the initial transmission as well as in all retransmissions. We evaluate the performance of two adaptation strategies and compare them to the throughput-optimum and a simple scheme with fixed-length retransmissions.
A Systematic Review of Outcomes of Fasciotomy, Aponeurotomy, and Collagenase Treatments for Dupuytren's Contracture (2011)

The recurrence rates and types of complications differ between open partial fasciectomy and needle aponeurotomy or collagenase injection. Long-term outcomes have not been well reported.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of propofol versus barbiturates for controlling refractory status epilepticus (2019)

In comparison with barbiturates, propofol can control RSE and shorten ATIPT in a more efficient and timely manner. Moreover, the drug does not increase the incidence of hypotension and CFR.
Potent and Selective Inhibition of A-to-I RNA Editing with 2′-<i>O</i>-Methyl/Locked Nucleic Acid-Containing Antisense Oligoribonucleotides (2013)

ADARs (adenosine deaminases acting on RNA) are RNA editing enzymes that bind double helical RNAs and deaminate select adenosines (A). The product inosine (I) is read during translation as guanosine (G), so such changes can alter codon meaning. ADAR-catalyzed A to I changes occur in coding sequences for several proteins of importance to the nervous system. However, these sites constitute only a very small fraction of known A to I sites in the human transcriptome, and the significance of editing at the vast majority sites is unknown at this time. Site-selective inhibitors of RNA editing are needed to advance our understanding of the function of editing at specific sites. Here we show that 2'-O-methyl/locked nucleic acid (LNA) mixmer antisense oligonucleotides are potent and selective inhibitors of RNA editing on two different target RNAs. These reagents are capable of binding with high affinity to RNA editing substrates and remodeling the secondary structure by a strand-invasion mechanism. The potency observed here for 2'-O-methyl/LNA mixmers suggests this backbone structure is superior to the morpholino backbone structure for inhibition of RNA editing. Finally, we demonstrate antisense inhibition of editing of the mRNA for the DNA repair glycosylase NEIL1 in cultured human cells, providing a new approach to exploring the link between RNA editing and the cellular response to oxidative DNA damage.
Conjoining Gestalt rules for abstraction of architectural drawings (2011)

We present a method for structural summarization and abstraction of complex spatial arrangements found in architectural drawings. The method is based on the well-known Gestalt rules, which summarize how forms, patterns, and semantics are perceived by humans from bits and pieces of geometric information. Although defining a computational model for each rule alone has been extensively studied, modeling a conjoint of Gestalt rules remains a challenge. In this work, we develop a computational framework which models Gestalt rules and more importantly, their complex interactions. We apply conjoining rules to line drawings, to detect groups of objects and repetitions that conform to Gestalt principles. We summarize and abstract such groups in ways that maintain structural semantics by displaying only a reduced number of repeated elements, or by replacing them with simpler shapes. We show an application of our method to line drawings of architectural models of various styles, and the potential of extending the technique to other computer-generated illustrations, and three-dimensional models.
Gas Conversion to Liquid Fuels and Chemicals: The Methanol Route‐Catalysis and Processes Development (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: MethanolDimethyletherNatural GasGas to liquidsGTL synthetic fuelsCatalysisHydrocarbonsOxygenates ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge Ahmed Antari (InSalah Gas, Algeria) for allowing us to use Sections 1.1, 1.2, 1.3.1, 1.3.2, and 1.3.3 from an unpublished article "Development Prospects for International GTL Trade by 2015, a Gas Producer's Viewpoint," authors Ahmed Antari, Abdelouahab Arioua, and Touhami Mokrani. T. Mokrani thanks the University of the Witwatesrand for the award of a postdoctoral fellowship.
Peroxo Compounds, Inorganic (2007)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. History 1.2. Classification of Peroxo Compounds 1.3. Properties 2. Peroxides, Hyperoxides, and Ozonides of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals 2.1. Peroxides 2.1.1. Sodium Peroxide 2.1.2. Other Peroxides 2.2. Hyperoxides 2.3. Ozonides 3. Peroxoborates 3.1. Sodium Peroxoborates 3.1.1. Properties 3.1.2. Production 3.1.3. Uses 3.1.4. Product Specifications 3.1.5. Storage and Transportation 3.2. Other Peroxoborates 4. Peroxosulfuric Acids and Peroxosulfates 4.1. Peroxomonosulfuric Acid (Caro's Acid) 4.2. Peroxomonosulfates 4.2.1. Properties 4.2.2. Production 4.2.3. Uses 4.2.4. Analysis 5. Peroxodisulfuric Acid and Peroxodisulfates 5.1. Properties 5.2. Production 5.3. Uses 5.4. Analysis 6. Peroxophosphoric Acids and Their Salts 7. Hydrogen Peroxide Addition Compounds 7.1. Sodium Carbonate Peroxohydrate 7.1.1. Properties 7.1.2. Production 7.1.3. Stabilization, Storage, Packaging, and Transportation 7.1.4. Uses 7.2. Urea Peroxohydrate 7.2.1. Properties 7.2.2. Production 7.2.3. Stabilization and Packaging 7.2.4. Uses 8. Toxicology and Ecotoxicology 8.1. Toxicology 8.2. Ecotoxicology
Micrometer patterning of phthalocyanine derivatives by selective chemical vapor deposition method (1992)

Selective chemical vapor deposition was achieved to produce copper phthalocyanine thin films on the copper microelectrodes on insulating and optically transparent materials. By thermally annealing the fabricated films at 500 °C under vacuum, their quality was greatly improved and the conductivity of the modified copper microelectrodes became high.
Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesives – Effective Securement Technique for Intravascular Catheters: In Vitro Testing of Safety and Feasibility (2012)

Partial or complete dislodgement of intravascular catheters remains a significant problem in hospitals despite current securement methods. Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives (TA) are used to close skin wounds as an alternative to sutures. These adhesives have high mechanical strength and can remain in situ for several days. This study investigated in vitro use of TAs in securing intravascular catheters (IVC). We compared two adhesives for interaction with IVC material, comparing skin glues with current securement methods in terms of their ability to prevent IVC dislodgement and inhibit microbial growth. Two TAs (Dermabond, Ethicon Inc. and Histoacryl, B. Braun) and three removal agents (Remove™, paraffin and acetone) were tested for interaction with IVC material by use of tensile testing. TAs were also compared against two polyurethane (standard and bordered) dressings (Tegaderm™ 1624 and 1633, 3M Australia Pty Ltd) and an external stabilisation device (Statlock, Bard Medical, Covington) against control (unsecured IVCs) for ability to prevent pull-out of 16 G peripheral IVCs from newborn fresh porcine skin. Agar media containing pH-sensitive dye was used to assess antimicrobial properties of TAs and polyurethane dressings to inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Neither TA weakened the IVCs (P >0.05). Of removal agents, only acetone was associated with a significant decrease in IVC strength (P <0.05). Both TAs and Statlock significantly increased the pull-out force (P <0.01). TA was quick and easy to apply to IVCs, with no irritation or skin damage noted on removal and no bacterial colony growth under either TA.