gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel matrix based non-isolated buck-boost converter for more electric aircraft (2016)

This paper describes a non-isolated matrix based buck-boost converter applicable for the aircraft systems. A matrix based topology is used which converters the three phase low frequency input ac voltages into an intermediate high frequency ac voltage. The high frequency ac voltage is rectified using Current Doubler Rectifier (CDR). The output voltage of the CDR circuit is further stepped-up by using a dc-dc boost converter to obtain the desired output voltage. Both, the conventional three phase buck and the three phase boost converter have limitations over the maximum and minimum voltage gain, respectively. The proposed buck-boost converter overcomes such limitations and provides output dc voltage with reduced current distortion and improved power conversion efficiency. Moreover, the novelty of the paper lies in integrating the output filter inductor of the matrix topology with the input inductor of the boost stage resulting in complete elimination of the intermediate filter capacitor and the input boost inductor. The topology and the principles of the operation of the proposed converter are explained in details. Further, the analysis of the converter is carried out. Moreover, the performance of the proposed converter is compared with the boost-buck and conventional buck-boost power converters. The proposed converter is simulated in MATLAB 2015b and results are presented to validate the performance of the converter.
[The clinico-instrumental evaluation of the efficacy of picotamide in treating chronic obstructive arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. (1991)

In 25 patients (19 males and 6 females) suffering from chronic arteriopathy of lower extremities at Fontaine stage II, the clinical efficacy of picotamide was investigated in double blind, cross over placebo-controlled study. Patients were assigned randomly to the treatment with placebo or picotamide (900 mg/die) for three months and, after 15 days of wash-out, to the treatment with picotamide or placebo for the same period. Painfree walking distance and ankle/arm systolic pressure ratio improved significantly only during picotamide treatment. Laboratory monitoring revealed a significant decrease in platelet aggregation and an increase of fibrinogen degradation products only during picotamide treatment. Three patients during picotamide treatment referred transient gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea); however in no case the treatment was suspended because of the appearance of these symptoms. These results indicate that picotamide is an effective drug in the management of chronic arteriopathy of lower extremities.
Exponential scaling of sputtered negative-ion yields with transient work-function changes on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cs</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>-bombarded surfaces (1996)

The emission of negative secondary ions (${\mathrm{C}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, ${\mathrm{Si}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, ${\mathrm{Ge}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, ${\mathrm{Au}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$) from keV-${\mathrm{Cs}}^{+}$-irradiated elemental surfaces was monitored during the initial stages of Cs incorporation. Concurrently determined work-function variations \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\Phi} were found to be 2.75 eV for graphite, 2.3 eV for Si, 0.84 eV for Ge, and 0.62 eV for Au. This lowering of \ensuremath{\Phi} results in an exponential increase of the sputtered ions' ionization probability ${\mathit{P}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$. Values of ${\mathit{P}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ derived from the \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\Phi} scaling are 0.19 for ${\mathrm{C}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, 0.093 for ${\mathrm{Si}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, 1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ for ${\mathrm{Ge}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, and 5.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ for ${\mathrm{Au}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, and agree quantitatively with measured ion-yield data. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Bleeding and Ulcer Detection Using Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Images (2014)

Wireless capsule endoscopes (WCEs) have been used widely to detect abnormalities inside regions of the small intestine that are not accessible when using traditional endoscopy techniques. However, an experienced clinician must spend an average of 2 hours to view and analyze the approximately 60,000 images produced during one examination. Therefore, developing a computeraided system for processing WCE images is crucial. This paper proposes a novel method used for detecting bleeding and ulcers in WCE images. This approach involves using color features to determine the status of the small intestine. The experimental results revealed that the proposed scheme is promising in detecting bleeding and ulcer regions.
Process latitude and CD bias evaluation of attenuated PSM (1997)

The application of an attenuated PSM for printing contact hole layers is one way to extend the useful lifetimes of an I-line stepper. The development of such a process needs to consider more than just the traditional parameters. Selecting the optimum mask CD bias, stepper NA, sigma, exposure, and focus, is even more critical than for the process using conventional binary masks due to sidelobe printing with attenuated PSM. Using an electrical CD measurement technique, this study was able to evaluated process latitude at various stepper and mask bias settings, at one point and at sixteen points per field. One of the resists tested showed 0.85 micrometers depth of focus and > 20% exposure latitude for 0.30 micrometers contacts on 0.75 micrometers pitch. The overlapping process window at sixteen points per field is much smaller than that at only one point per field, justifying the need for such an evaluation. Full wafer CD mapping allowed us to quantify across wafer and across field CD variation. Though the electrical measurements exhibited excellent correlation with SEM measurements (R<SUP>2</SUP> equals 0.994), it is still necessary to verify a chosen process under SEM inspection to evaluate the resist profile for any artifacts such as sidelobe printing.
Cell wall assembly in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>: how spirals and spaces challenge paradigms (2006)

Although the bacterial cell wall has been the subject of decades of investigation, recent studies continue to generate novel and controversial models of its synthesis and assembly. Here we compare and contrast the transcompartmental biosyntheses of peptidoglycan and teichoic acid in Bacillus subtilis. In addition, the current paradigms of B. subtilis wall assembly and structure are distinguished from emerging models of murein insertion and organization. We discuss evidence for the directed, cytoskeleton-dependent insertion of nascent peptidoglycan and the existence of a periplasmic compartment. Furthermore, we summarize the challenges these findings represent to the existing paradigm of murein insertion. Finally, motivated by these new developments, we discuss outstanding issues that remain to be addressed and suggest research directions that may contribute to a better understanding of cell wall assembly in B. subtilis.
Combining AI Methods for Learning Bots in a Real‐Time Strategy Game (2008)

We describe an approach for simulating human game‐play in strategy games using a variety of AI techniques, including simulated annealing, decision tree learning, and case‐based reasoning. We have implemented an AI‐bot that uses these techniques to form a novel approach for planning fleet movements and attacks in DEFCON, a nuclear war simulation strategy game released in 2006 by Introversion Software Ltd. The AI‐bot retrieves plans from a case‐base of recorded games, then uses these to generate a new plan using a method based on decision tree learning. In addition, we have implemented more sophisticated control over low‐level actions that enable the AI‐bot to synchronize bombing runs, and used a simulated annealing approach for assigning bombing targets to planes and opponent cities to missiles. We describe how our AI‐bot operates, and the experimentation we have performed in order to determine an optimal configuration for it. With this configuration, our AI‐bot beats Introversion′s finite state machine automated player in 76.7% of 150 matches played. We briefly introduce the notion of ability versus enjoyability and discuss initial results of a survey we conducted with human players.
Concerning topological transformations in 𝐸_{𝑛} (1932)

X That is, a continuous single-valued transformation with continuous single-valued inverse.
Inactivation of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> by Supercritical and Subcritical Carbon Dioxide (1992)

Abstract Yeast cells were inactivated by carbon dioxide at subcritical and supercritical temperatures over the pressure range of 1000–3000 psi. A static apparatus was developed for the experiments. The results showed that a maximum of 15 min, depending on the pressure, was sufficient to inactivate yeast cells by 10 7 ‐fold under supercritical conditions. Subcritical carbon dioxide was found to be much less effective. It took 30–40 min to achieve inactivation of 10 4 ‐fold and more than 1 h to achieve inactivation of 10 7 ‐fold. There are two distinct mechanisms in the deactivation of yeast cells. The rate of cell inactivation is slow at first and increases drastically at the later stage, suggesting that the penetration of CO 2 into microbial cells was a primary controlling factor of the inactivation process. The inactivation rate was enhanced remarkably by a series of pressure release/recompression of CO 2 in the midst of a complete experiment. Other methods to improve the efficiency of inactivation are discussed.
A Self-Aligned Ni-InGaAs Contact Technology for InGaAs Channel n-MOSFETs (2012)

10.1149/2.060205jes
Lyngbyastatin 4, a Dolastatin 13 Analogue with Elastase and Chymotrypsin Inhibitory Activity from the Marine Cyanobacterium <i>Lyngbya confervoides</i> (2007)

Lyngbyastatin 4 (1), a new depsipeptide containing the unusual amino acid homotyrosine and a 3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-piperidone (Ahp) residue, was isolated from a collection of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya confervoides off the Florida Atlantic coast. Its gross structure was determined by NMR spectroscopy, and the configurations of asymmetric centers were assigned after chiral HPLC analysis of hydrolysis products. Lyngbyastatin 4 (1) is an analogue of the sea hare isolate dolastatin 13 and several marine cyanobacterial metabolites, further supporting the notion that many of the dolastatins are of cyanobacterial origin. Lyngbyastatin 4 (1) selectively inhibits elastase and chymotrypsin in vitro over other serine proteases with IC50 values of 0.03 and 0.30 microM, respectively.
Oscillation of Angiogenesis with Vascular Dropout in Diabetic Retinopathy by VESsel GENeration Analysis (VESGEN) (2010)

Vessel density oscillated with the progression of DR. Alternating phases of angiogenesis/neovascularization and vascular dropout were dominated first by remodeling of arteries and subsequently by veins.
A simulation model for production scheduling of a facility in a process industry (1990)

A simulation-based scheduling system for finite capacity scheduling of a facility in a process industry is described. The primary focus is on the modeling techniques and scheduling logic used in constructing the FACTOR simulation model embedded in this system. The construction of an MRP schedule to drive the simulation model is also discussed. Simulation-based, finite-capacity scheduling systems have been successfully implemented in the manufacture of discrete parts. This application illustrates the viability of such systems for scheduling in process industries. It demonstrates the adaptability of simulation modeling to the production constraints and continuous flows of materials found in process industries. It also provides an example of scheduling logic which is vital to producing an achievable schedule that coordinates the operation processing units with each other and with storage constraints. >
Nitrogen dioxide radical generated by the myeloperoxidase‐hydrogen peroxide‐nitrite system promotes lipid peroxidation of low density lipoprotein (1999)

Myeloperoxidase, a heme protein secreted by activated phagocytes, is present and enzymatically active in human atherosclerotic lesions. In the current studies, we explored the possibility that reactive nitrogen species generated by myeloperoxidase promote lipid peroxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) -- a modification that may render the lipoprotein atherogenic. We found that myeloperoxidase, an H2O2-generating system and nitrite (NO2-) peroxidized LDL lipids. The process required NO2- and each component of the enzymatic system; it was inhibited by catalase, cyanide and ascorbate, a potent scavenger of aqueous phase radicals. LDL peroxidation did not require chloride ion, and it was little affected by the hypochlorous acid scavenger taurine. Collectively, these results suggest that lipid peroxidation is promoted by a nitrogen dioxide radical-like species. These observations indicate that myeloperoxidase, by virtue of its ability to form reactive nitrogen intermediates, may promote lipid peroxidation and atherogenesis.
The acetylation of thrombin. (1959)

Purified thrombin-C loses its clotting power upon acetylation. The thrombin-E which is produced during the acetylation has approximately twice the proteolytic activity as the original thrombin-C. Evidently amino groups are not necessary to have thrombin-E activity, but if o-acyl groups are also produced the enzyme does not hydrolyze p-toluenesulphonylarginine methyl ester (TAMe). The activity can be recovered by spontaneous hydrolysis of the o-acyl groups at pH 8.5. Thrombin-E does not activate fibrinogen, but does lyse fibrin. The optimum pH with TAMe as substrate is 8.8. It may be that thrombin-C is a dimer of the basic structure in thrombin-E.
Distances between DNA and ATP Binding Sites in the TyrR−DNA Complex (2000)

The Escherichia coli regulatory protein TyrR controls the expression of eight transcription units that encode proteins involved in the biosynthesis and transport of aromatic amino acids. It binds to DNA as a homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of 57 640 Da, each of which has a single site for the binding of ATP within a central structural domain. This paper reports distances between four sites on the DNA and the ATP binding site as determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The DNA was a 30mer containing a centrally located binding site for TyrR. Replacement of a thymidine residue with an aminouridine residue at positions -9, -7, -3, and 2 of the palindromic oligonucleotide sequence enabled the placement of a single fluorescein group along the major groove of the DNA. The energy transfer acceptor was ATP labeled with a rhodamine group through positions 2' and 3' of the ribose, positions that are known to cause minimal interference with the binding of ATP to protein. The dissociation constant for the binding of rhodamine-ATP to TyrR was 300 nM as determined by steady-state fluorescence anisotropy titrations. The energy transfer efficiencies were determined by measuring the level of quenching of donor fluorescence on binding rhodamine-ATP to the TyrR-DNA complex. The experimental transfer efficiencies were compared to theoretical values calculated for a model of the DNA-TyrR complex in which the position of the ATP binding site was allowed to vary over the surface of the monomer unit. Theory was written to account for the transfer from one donor to two acceptors, one on each monomer unit of the TyrR dimer. The results indicate that the ATP binding site is about 40-45 A from the nearest point on the DNA and distant from the DNA helix-turn-helix binding domain. The effects of ATP binding of (i) increasing the TyrR binding affinity by a factor of 4-5 and (ii) permitting the binding of the tyrosine corepressor must therefore occur because of a significant allosteric change in the conformation of the protein.
Early Emphysema in the Tight Skin and Pallid Mice (2006)

The nature of the development of emphysema in the tight skin (Tsk) and the pallid (Pa) mice are not well understood. We assessed the mechanical and nonlinear properties of the respiratory system, the alveolar structure, and the levels of microfibril-associated glycoproteins (MAGP) 1 and 2 in Tsk mice with developmental emphysema; in Pa mice, which are thought to develop adult onset emphysema; and their background, the C57BL/6 mice, at an age of 7 wk. Minor differences between collagen-related elastic properties of the lungs of the Pa and C57BL/6 mice were seen at this early age. The lungs of the Tsk mice were significantly softer yet more nonlinear than those of the Pa and C57BL/6 mice. The MAGP-1 levels were similar in all three groups. However, the level of MAGP-2, which is associated with both fibrillin-1 and collagen, was higher in the Tsk than in the Pa mice, which also had more MAGP-2 than the C57BL/6. Both the mean and the variance of alveolar diameters were larger in the Tsk than in the other two groups, while the variance in the Pa was larger than in the C57BL/6 mice, implying early development of heterogeneity. Using a network model of the parenchyma, we linked the pathophysiologic changes in the Tsk mice to mechanical forces and failure of the alveolar walls. Our findings suggest the possibility that MAGP-2-related abnormal collagen assembly, combined with mechanical forces, is involved in the progression of emphysema in the Tsk mice.
A Conductivity Bridge for Measurement of the Salinity of Sea Water (1956)

A Conductivity Bridge for Measurement of the Salinity of Sea Water Get access Karl E. Schleicher, Karl E. Schleicher Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alvin Bradshaw Alvin Bradshaw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 22, Issue 1, October 1956, Pages 9–20, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/22.1.9 Published: 01 October 1956
A Platform for AI-Enabled Real-Time Feedback to Promote Digital Collaboration (2020)

This paper explores the effect of AI-enabled real-time feedback on group dynamics and individual behavior. While feedback interventions have been employed for several years to trigger behavioral change, the lack of instantaneous feedback and the required infrastructure are limiting the widespread use of these interventions. The methodology we describe offers immediate pointers to participants through the use of the Meeting Mediator (MM), an online intervention tool that shows the conversational balance of participants and offers immediate feedback to team members, with limited intermediation of the researchers. Both the experimental group—exposed to the MM—and the control group completed two tasks, which involved making a series of complex decisions as a group in the form of two moral reasoning tasks. Results confirmed that participants exposed to the MM experienced approximately twice as large of an increase in self-assessed dominance over the control group as those who were exposed only once. This effect is also present on repeated exposures, and becomes more pronounced with each subsequent exposure. When participants were exposed to the MM either in the first task or in the second task, their performance increased, though we found no positive impact when groups were exposed several times to it. Overall, this experiment demonstrates the benefits of using AI-enabled tools to promote effective collaboration and sustainable growth in corporate settings and online education environments, which requires the development of critical thinking and self-reflection skills.
Correction: Up-Regulation of Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor Facilities Tumor Progression in Malignant Melanoma (2013)

Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the fastest increasing malignancy in humans. Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a novel growth factor identified from human hepatoma cell line. HDGF overexpression is correlated with poor prognosis in various types of cancer including melanoma. However, the underlying mechanism of HDGF overexpression in developing melanoma remains unclear. In this study, human melanoma cell lines (A375, A2058, MEL-RM and MM200) showed higher levels of HDGF gene expression, whereas human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn) expressed less. Exogenous application of HDGF stimulated colony formation and invasion of human melanoma cells. Moreover, HDGF overexpression stimulated the degree of invasion and colony formation of B16-F10 melanoma cells whereas HDGF knockdown exerted opposite effects in vitro. To evaluate the effects of HDGF on tumour growth and metastasis in vivo, syngeneic mouse melanoma and metastatic melanoma models were performed by manipulating the gene expression of HDGF in melanoma cells. It was found that mice injected with HDGF-overexpressing melanoma cells had greater tumour growth and higher metastatic capability. In contrast, mice implanted with HDGF-depleted melanoma cells exhibited reduced tumor burden and lung metastasis. Histological analysis of excised tumors revealed higher degree of cell proliferation and neovascularization in HDGF-overexpressing melanoma. The present study provides evidence that HDGF promotes tumor progression of melanoma and targeting HDGF may constitute a novel strategy for the treatment of melanoma.
Optical Quantitation and Radiographic Diagnosis of Incipient Approximal Caries Lesions (1991)

The objectives of this study were to test the applicability of photocell measurements in approximal caries diagnosis and to evaluate the use of radiographs as validating criterion. Forty extracted premolars were selected, and the progression of the approximal lesions was graded clinically and radiographically by three examiners. Each tooth was transilluminated from the occlusal surface, and the throughput of light at the approximal surface was measured by a photocell. Together with clinical examination, the results of microradiographic analysis served as validating criterion in this study. The results indicate that photocell measurements can be useful in the diagnosis of incipient approximal caries lesions. Radiographs have a restricted value as validating criterion in diagnostic studies pertaining to incipient caries.
A generalized methodology for lower-error area-efficient fixed-width multipliers (2002)

In this paper, we extend our generalized methodology for designing lower-error area-efficient fixed-width two's-complement multipliers that receive two s-bit numbers and produce an s-bit product. The generalized methodology involving four steps results in several better error-compensation biases. These better error-compensation biases can be easily mapped to lower-error fixed-width multipliers suitable for VLSI realization.