gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A continuous time bayesian network approach for intrusion detection (2010)

Network attacks on computers have become a fact of life for network administrators. Detecting attacks accurately is important to limit their scope and destruction. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) fall into two high-level categories: network-based systems (NIDS) that monitor network behaviors, and host-based systems (HIDS) that monitor system calls. In this work, we present a general technique for both systems.
We consider the problem of detecting intrusions of the host level. We use anomaly detection, which identifies patterns not conforming to a historic norm. Our approach does not require expensive labeling or prior exposure to the attack type. In both types of systems, the rates of change vary dramatically over time (due to burstiness) and over components (due to service difference). To efficiently model such systems, we use continuous time Bayesian networks (CTBNs) and avoid specifying a fixed time interval. We build generative models from historic non-attack data, and flag future event sequences whose likelihood under this norm is below a threshold.
As a NIDS, our method differs from previous approaches in explicitly modeling temporal dependencies in the network traffic. Our models are therefore more sensitive to subtle variations in the sequences of network events. We first construct a factored CTBN model for the network packet traces. We present two simple extensions to CTBNs that allow for instantaneous events that do not result in state changes, and simultaneous transitions of two variables. We then extend this model to a connected one. We construct it in a hierarchical way and use Rao-Blackwellized particle filtering for inference. We illustrate the power of our method through experiments on detecting real worms and identifying hosts on two publicly available network traces, the MAWI dataset and the LBNL dataset.
For HIDS, we develop a novel learning method to deal with the finite resolution of system log file time stamps, without losing the benefits of our continuous time model. We demonstrate the method by detecting intrusions in the DARPA 1998 BSM dataset.
A Chaperone-Activated Nonenveloped Virus Perforates the Physiologically Relevant Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane (2007)

The nonenveloped polyomavirus (Py) traffics from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it penetrates the ER membrane, allowing the viral genome to reach the nucleus to cause infection. The mechanism of membrane penetration for Py, and for other nonenveloped viruses, remains poorly characterized. We showed previously that the ER chaperone ERp29 alters the conformation of Py coat protein VP1, enabling the virus to interact with membranes. Here, we developed a membrane perforation assay and showed that the ERp29-activated Py perforates the physiologically relevant ER membrane, an event that likely initiates viral penetration. Biochemical analysis revealed that the internal protein VP2 is exposed in the activated viral particle. Accordingly, we demonstrate that VP2 binds to, integrates into, and perforates the ER membrane; the other internal protein, VP3, binds to and integrates into the ER membrane but is not sufficient for perforation. Our data thus link the activity of a cellular factor on a nonenveloped virus to the membrane perforation event and identify a viral component that mediates this process.
Lotus Approach 96 for Windows 95 (Mastering) (1995)

From the Publisher:
Mastering Lotus Approach 96 for Windows 95 is a comprehensive, hands-on guide to using Approach. Written for beginners and more experienced users alike, it covers everything from simple database creation to custom application design. Start with basics. Get a solid overview of Approach's features and capabilities. Build a new database from scratch, or work with existing files. Use multiple databases. Create and use timesaving forms. Produce reports, form letters, and mailing labels. Translate data into eye-catching charts and graphs. Master more advanced capabilities. Use crosstabs for elegant data analysis. Streamline your work with macros. Executive sophisticated queries. Conduct data searches. Customize Approach to fit your needs. Automate database drudgery with workhorse formulas and functions. Build your own applications. Learn the seven steps of application design, then create a useful contact manager. The book's sample application employs a full range of Access features and capabilities, so you can apply what you've learned. And, when you're done, you'll have a valuable business tool for everyday use.
Determination of Etifenin and Stannous Chloride for Injection by HPLC (2010)

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determination of etifenin and stannous chloride for injection(EHIDA kit).METHODS HPLC was adopted with Waters C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) column,methanol-water-phosphoric acid(55∶45∶0.075) was used as the mobile phase.The flow rate and detection wavelength was 1.0 mL·min-1,220 nm,respectively.RESULTS The linear rage of etifenin were 32-384 μg·mL-1,r=0.999 92,the average recovery was 98.77%,RSD was 0.43%(n=7).CONCLUSION The method is simple,accurate and suitable for the determination of EHIDA kit.
Evasion of protective immunity by Borrelia burgdorferi by truncation of outer surface protein B. (1993)

We analyzed variability in outer surface protein B (OspB) from Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the causative agent of Lyme disease, to determine how Bb escapes immune destruction. We have shown that vaccination with OspB from Bb strain B31 protected mice from infection with Bb B31 but not against Bb N40. The present study demonstrates that Bb N40 spirochetes which evade vaccination immunity to OspB have a truncated form of OspB, due to a TAA stop codon at nucleotide 577. In contrast, Bb N40 spirochetes that express full-length OspB are unable to infect mice immunized with OspB, analogous to our previous studies with Bb B31. Mapping of the OspB antibody response shows that epitopes in the C terminus of OspB are surface-exposed and bind protective monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. This suggests that the C terminus of OspB is important for eliciting a protective immune response to OspB. Truncation or modification of outer surface proteins that do not bind protective antibody may be a means by which Bb evades host defenses.
The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

The present outbreak of a coronavirus-associated acute respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is the third documented spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans in only two decades that has resulted in a major epidemic. The <i>Coronaviridae</i> Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, which is responsible for developing the classification of viruses and taxon nomenclature of the family <i>Coronaviridae</i>, has assessed the placement of the human pathogen, tentatively named 2019-nCoV, within the <i>Coronaviridae</i>. Based on phylogeny, taxonomy and established practice, the CSG recognizes this virus as forming a sister clade to the prototype human and bat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) of the species <i>Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus</i>, and designates it as SARS-CoV-2. In order to facilitate communication, the CSG proposes to use the following naming convention for individual isolates: SARS-CoV-2/host/location/isolate/date. While the full spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans remains to be determined, the independent zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need for studying viruses at the species level to complement research focused on individual pathogenic viruses of immediate significance. This will improve our understanding of virus–host interactions in an ever-changing environment and enhance our preparedness for future outbreaks.
Pentafluorophenyl-Metal Chemistry I (1965)

Pentafluorphenyl-zinn-Verbindungen können aus Organo-zinn-halogeniden, R 4-n SnX n , und der Pentafluorphenyl - Grignard- Verbindung gewonnen werden. Bei der Verwendung eines hochsiedenden Lösungsmittels werden gute Ausbeuten erzielt, dennoch ist es zweckmäßig, Pentafluorphenyl-magnesiumbromid zunächst in Äthyl-äther darzustellen. Die Zinn-Verbindungen sind an der Luft beständig und werden durch Wasser oder Äthanol nicht hydrolysiert. Starke Lewis - Säuren bewirken Spaltung: Bei der Einwirkung von Bortribromid auf Bis- (pentafluorphenyl) -di-n-butyl-zinn wurden Pentafluorphenyl-bordibromid und n-Butyl-bordibromid isoliert. Im Gegensatz dazu bleibt Tetrakis- (pentafluorphenyl) -zinn unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen unverändert. Die Eigenschaften der beschriebenen Pentafluorphenyl-zinn-Verbindungen zeigen keine wesentlichen Abweichungen von denen der entsprechenden Phenyl-zinn-Verbindungen. Charakteristische Daten, einschließlich einiger Infrarot-Frequenzen, sind in einer Tabelle zusammengefaßt.
Polymerization defect of fibrinogen Baltimore III due to a gamma Asn308- ---Ile mutation (1990)

Fibrinogen Baltimore III, a congenital abnormal fibrinogen with impaired fibrin monomer polymerization, displays a normal gamma-chain and a gamma-variant that has an apparently lower relative molecular weight (mol wt) than normal on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the lysyl endopeptidase digest of the purified gamma-chains of fibrinogen Baltimore III revealed the presence of a peptide that is not found in the digest of the normal fibrinogen gamma-chain. Amino acid sequence analysis of this peptide indicated that the gamma-chain residue 308, asparagine, is replaced by isoleucine. Concanavalin A bound both normal and variant gamma-chains of fibrinogen Baltimore III, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety is not altered and is not responsible for the increase in electrophoretic mobility of the Baltimore III gamma-chain. This study suggests that the integrity of gamma Asn308 is critical for fibrin monomer polymerization, since alteration to either a basic (fibrinogen Kyoto I, Asn----Lys) or hydrophobic (Asn----Ile) residue results in significantly delayed polymerization of fibrinogen to fibrin.
Lipoprotein lipase activity in human and guinea-pig placenta. (1982)

Human and guinea-pig placental activity was measured in tissue extracts and in medium in which tissue fragments have been incubated. Lipase activity was estimated from measured rates of release of 3H-labelled fatty acids from a 3H-labelled triacylglycerol substrate. Whole tissue lipase activity was 1.6 +/- 0.3 units/g (mean +/- SEM, mumol of unesterified fatty acid release/min) in the human, and 87.1 +/- 7.3 units/g in guinea-pig placental tissue. 70% of the human and 56% of the guinea-pig placental activity was lost on treating the tissues with cold acetone. Sodium chloride (0.75 M) decreased activity by 50% in extracts from both species. Lipase activity was released into media when placental fragments were incubated. The addition of heparin increased the release of lipase from human placenta but not significantly from that of the guniea-pig. Insulin had no effect on placental lipase activity from either species. It is concluded that the placentas of both species contain at least two lipases. One of these, which constituted a large of the total, had the characteristics of lipoprotein lipase.
Eye blink based warning system for eye health while using computers (2015)

In this paper, we present a computer vision based real-time warning system to prevent the formation of eye diseases of people working continuously in front of computers. This system takes an image of user sitting in front of the computer by web camera then processes it to determine how often user blinks. The system warns user, if there is not sufficient number of eye blinks for a long time. The general flow of the eye blink based warning system consists of three main steps: face and eye detection, feature extraction of preprocessed eye images, and open-close classification of eye images. The system has attained high performance in the experiments. Moreover, the developed system has been turned into a computer plug-in that can work real-time and is available for practical use.
Endothelium-derived relaxing factor reduces platelet adhesion to bovine endothelial cells. (1988)

The adhesion of thrombin-stimulated human blood platelets to either the endothelial surface of intact bovine aorta or cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells was studied to determine the role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the regulation of platelet adhesion. Endothelial cells and platelets were pretreated with indomethacin to prevent the formation of prostaglandins. The adhesion of thrombin-stimulated platelets to endothelial cells was reduced by superoxide dismutase and bradykinin. The inhibitory effect of both drugs was abolished by hemoglobin and was absent in strips of bovine aorta where the endothelial cells had been removed by scraping. It is suggested that the effects of bradykinin are mediated by the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, which is protected from destruction by superoxide dismutase, and that endothelium-derived relaxing factor contributes to the nonadhesive properties of the vascular endothelium.
Fas-mediated apoptosis in seven human prostate cancer cell lines: Correlation with tumor stage (1998)

Our results using established PC cell lines support previous studies with prostatic tissue specimens, and suggest that the normal, differentiated prostatic epithelium, as well as locally invasive PCs, have the potential to undergo Fas-mediated apoptosis. Conversely, these studies suggest that metastatic PCs have a reduced apoptotic potential that is mediated by a novel mechanism.
南极英雄“盖军衔”载誉而归 (2005)

终年积雪的南极大陆对于很多人来说是一个无法逾越的障碍，但厦门工程机械股份公司的工程师——盖军衔却三次随中国南极科考队在南极考察，并成为我国首次冲击南极冰盖最高点冰穹A(Dome-A)所在区域的冰盖考察队员之一。虽然最后因体力不支提前退出，但作为机械师，他全力以赴地完成了自己的工作，是一名当之无愧的英雄。
HIGH FREE AND LATENT COLLAGENASE ACTIVITY IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS SYNOVIAL FLUIDS (1994)

Collagenase activity has been studied intensively in SF from OA and RA patients. Less is known about collagenolytic activity in PsA SF. Therefore we examined collagenolytic activity in crude and trypsin treated SF as well as the alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin concentrations in 50 patients suffering from OA (n = 13), RA (n = 17), and PsA (n = 20). Free collagenolytic activity was low in the crude OA SF (1.80 +/- 1.35 micrograms released collagen/min/ml SF) and almost equally low in RA SF (2.35 +/- 1.80 micrograms released collagen/min/ml SF; P > 0.3). The PsA SF, however, exhibited a significantly higher free collagenolytic activity (5.63 +/- 5.69 micrograms released collagen/min/ml SF; P < 0.05 in comparison to OA and RA SF). The treatment of the SF with trypsin further activated collagenolytic activity in each group (OA 2.17 +/- 1.35 micrograms released collagen/min/ml SF; RA 6.48 +/- 6.73 micrograms released collagen/min/ml SF; PsA 11.24 +/- 5.02 micrograms released collagen/min/ml SF) and yielded significant differences between OA and RA, OA and PsA, and RA and PsA SF (P < 0.05). Concomitantly with the collagenolytic activity, the alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin concentrations of the SF were measured. In SF from patients with PsA (172.9 +/- 69.4 mg/100 ml) and RA (190.6 +/- 64.7 mg/100 ml) the alpha 1-antitrypsin was significantly higher than in those from OA SF (106.1 +/- 39.2 mg/100 ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The environmental toxicity of Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis and Galenia africana (2009)

Over the years the use of pesticides has greatly increased. This in turn has lead to concern about the adverse effects that the pesticides may have on non-target organisms in the environment. Due to increasing awareness there is great pressure to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides. An alternative to the use of synthetic pesticides is the exploitation of natural botanical products with pesticidal potential.Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis and Galenia africana are plants, indigenous to South Africa, with fungicidal properties against a fungal pathogen that causes grey-mould rot on a wide range of agricultural produce. In this study a series of acute toxicity tests were conducted to estimate the potential environmental effect of D. rhinocerotis and G. africana. The acute toxicities of the plants were determined using the species Daphnia pulex, Selenastrum capricornutum, Vibrio fischeri andPoecilia reticulata as bio-indicators. Results obtained showed that G. africana had higher toxicity units than D. rhinocerotis, thus showing that G. africana is more toxic to the aquatic environment compared to D. rhinocerotis.

	 

	Key words: Pesticides, Galenia africana, Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis, acute toxicity.
Moving Sound Source Synthesis for Binaural Electroacoustic Music Using Interpolated Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) (2001)

December 01 2001 Moving Sound Source Synthesis for Binaural Electroacoustic Music Using Interpolated Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) Corey I. Cheng, Corey I. Cheng Dolby Laboratories 100 Potrero Avenue San Francisco, California 94103-4813, USA cnc@dolby.comhttp://www.eecs.umich.edu/∼coreyc Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Gregory H. Wakefield Gregory H. Wakefield University of Michigan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 1101 Beal Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA ghw@umich.eduhttp://www.eecs.umich.edu/∼ghw Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Corey I. Cheng Dolby Laboratories 100 Potrero Avenue San Francisco, California 94103-4813, USA cnc@dolby.comhttp://www.eecs.umich.edu/∼coreyc Gregory H. Wakefield University of Michigan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 1101 Beal Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA ghw@umich.eduhttp://www.eecs.umich.edu/∼ghw This work was completed at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Online Issn: 1531-5169 Print Issn: 0148-9267 © 2001 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2001 Computer Music Journal (2001) 25 (4): 57–80. https://doi.org/10.1162/01489260152815297 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Corey I. Cheng, Gregory H. Wakefield; Moving Sound Source Synthesis for Binaural Electroacoustic Music Using Interpolated Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs). Computer Music Journal 2001; 25 (4): 57–80. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/01489260152815297 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsComputer Music Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2001 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2001 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Identifying anxiety states using broad sampling and advanced processing of peripheral physiological information (2006)

Advances in biosignal acquisition and processing have provided an effective window to the complex peripheral physiology related to human emotions. Numerous cardiovascular measures have been used for assessing the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. More recently, respiratory parameters have shown promise for the assessment of anxiety. Current theoretical accounts of anxiety recommend a broad assessment of anxiety responses involving measures from the physiological, behavioral and verbal-cognitive domain. However, practical and statistical considerations put restrictions on the number of dependent variables used in studies on emotion. In a laboratory experiment we assessed a large number of psychophysiological parameters to identify their relative utility for differentiating between a neutral (quiet sitting) and an anxious state induced by threat of shock. High effect sizes were found in all psychophysiological systems with electrodermal and behavioral responses demonstrating the highest, and respiratory and cardiovascular responses yielding medium and small effect sizes. A linear combination of the six most powerful variables was highly significant in distinguishing the neutral from the anxious state and resulted in 83.3% correct classification. Results demonstrate the necessity to include measures from multiple response domains for an adequate assessment of anxiety states. Furthermore, our results point to the significance of respiratory parameters in anxiety assessment.
Immunoaffinity CE for Proteomics Studies. (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTImmunoaffinity CE for Proteomics Studies.Norberto A. Guzman and Terry M. PhillipsCite this: Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 3, 60 A–67 APublication Date (Web):February 1, 2005Publication History Published online1 February 2005Published inissue 1 February 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac053325chttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac053325cnewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views516Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (397 KB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Proteomics Get e-Alerts
Railway automation systems diagnosis based on Bayesian method (2018)

The basic function of railway automation systems is allowing a safe and fluent railway traffic control. Along with the technical progress these systems are constantly being improved. The process of their development at the moment is influenced by the modern information technology, that is why the contemporary railway automation systems are computer systems. They allow a remote control of the railway traffic on many train service stations from one place, which is Operation Control Centre (OCC). This subject is also related to the centralization of the railway automation systems technical diagnosis in Maintenance and Diagnostics Centres (MDC). Despite the constant technical progress, there are no standards concerning the way and range of gathering diagnostic data and the method of its analysis. The authors of the article have noticed this important issue and have decided to make an attempt to formulate and develop a method of railway automation systems diagnosis. The method proposed in the article can be counted as logic diagnosis and one of the Bayesian methods. A verification of the method has been performed on the example of a Level Crossing Protection System (LCPS). The obtained positive effects are an encouragement for further research and consideration of other types of railway automation systems.