gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation and experimental studies of an uncooled MEMS capacitive infrared detector for thermal imaging (2006)

This paper presents the finite element analysis (FEA) simulation results and electrostatic characterizations of an uncooled MEMS capacitive IR detector. Thermal, thermalstructural and electrostatic-structural behaviors were simulated. The peak displacement sensitivities were calculated as 0.109nm/pW·µm−2 and 0.029nm/pW·µm−2 for 100µm and 50µm plates, respectively. Electrostatic-structural pull-in behaviors of the devices were tested and the results agreed with simulation well when second order mode pull-in was considered in the FEA model.
SplitSR: An End-to-End Approach to Super-Resolution on Mobile Devices (2021)

Super-resolution (SR) is a coveted image processing technique for mobile apps ranging from the basic camera apps to mobile health. Existing SR algorithms rely on deep learning models with significant memory requirements, so they have yet to be deployed on mobile devices and instead operate in the cloud to achieve feasible inference time. This shortcoming prevents existing SR methods from being used in applications that require near real-time latency. In this work, we demonstrate state-of-the-art latency and accuracy for on-device super-resolution using a novel hybrid architecture called SplitSR and a novel lightweight residual block called SplitSRBlock. The SplitSRBlock supports channel-splitting, allowing the residual blocks to retain spatial information while reducing the computation in the channel dimension. SplitSR has a hybrid design consisting of standard convolutional blocks and lightweight residual blocks, allowing people to tune SplitSR for their computational budget. We evaluate our system on a low-end ARM CPU, demonstrating both higher accuracy and up to 5 times faster inference than previous approaches. We then deploy our model onto a smartphone in an app called ZoomSR to demonstrate the first-ever instance of on-device, deep learning-based SR. We conducted a user study with 15 participants to have them assess the perceived quality of images that were post-processed by SplitSR. Relative to bilinear interpolation -- the existing standard for on-device SR -- participants showed a statistically significant preference when looking at both images (Z=-9.270, p<0.01) and text (Z=-6.486, p<0.01).
Formation of Rhamnogalacturonan II-Borate Dimer in Pectin Determines Cell Wall Thickness of Pumpkin Tissue (2001)

Boron (B) deficiency results in inhibition of pumpkin (Cucurbia moschata Duchesne) growth that is accompanied by swelling of the cell walls. Monomeric rhamnogalacturonan II (mRG-II) accounted for 80% to 90% of the total RG-II in B-deficient walls, whereas the borate ester cross-linked RG-II dimer (dRG-II-B) accounted for more than 80% of the RG-II in control plants. The results of glycosyl residue and glycosyl linkage composition analyses of the RG-II from control and B-deficient plants were similar. Thus, B deficiency does not alter the primary structure of RG-II. The addition of (10)B-enriched boric acid to B-deficient plants resulted within 5 h in the conversion of mRG-II to dRG-II-(10)B. The wall thickness of the (10)B-treated plants and control plants was similar. The formation and possible functions of a borate ester cross-linked RG-II in the cell walls are discussed.
A Test Methodology for Large Logic Networks (1978)

This paper analyzes a test methodology for large logic networks. In particular, it examines the effects of network sub-division on test system performance.
Laser diode to fiber coupling using anamorphic gradient-index lenses (1984)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Joan M. Stagaman and Duncan T. Moore, "Laser diode to fiber coupling using anamorphic gradient-index lenses," Appl. Opt. 23, 1730-1734 (1984) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Critical role of the C-terminus in the biological activities of human tumour necrosis factor-alpha. (1990)

Alterations of the C-terminal amino acid sequence of human tumour necrosis factor-alpha (hTNF-alpha) caused significant changes in its biological activity. Thus shortening of the C-terminus by removal of two or three amino acids led to a very marked loss of cytotoxic activity. Other, more subtle changes introduced by site-directed mutagenesis resulted in a less drastic reduction in cytotoxicity. The mitogenic activity towards human fibroblasts of the hTNF-alpha was reduced in parallel with the loss of cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the C-terminal amino acids of hTNF-alpha are critical for its biological actions and that they may be part of the receptor-binding site.
A low temperature biochemically compatible bonding technique using fluoropolymers for biochemical microfluidic systems (2002)

A new low temperature biochemically compatible bonding technique using fluoropolymers has been developed in this work and characterized in terms of mechanical bonding strength and biochemical resistance. This bonding technique uses a spin-on Teflon-like amorphous fluorocarbon polymer (CYTOP/sup TM/) as a bonding interface layer. The developed bonding process requires a bonding temperature of 160/spl deg/C and the bonding strength attained from the process shows 4.3 Mpa in silicon-to-silicon. Furthermore, the bonding technique achieves reliable and leak-proof bonding in various substrates and provides excellent chemical resistance and biocompatibility for some specific immunoassays. The bonding technique developed in this work has been successfully applied to the development of a microfluidic motherboard system with surface mountable microfluidic components.
Consensus criteria for the clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (1996)

These criteria are proposed as being able to predict with high likelihood that dementia is associated with cortical Lewy bodies. They represent a refinement of earlier criteria proposed for Lewy body dementia. They are potentially applicable to patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who subsequently develop dementia. These criteria do not exclude the presence of concomitant Alzheimer pathology and many patients may simultaneously meet guidelines for the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Hydroconversion of heavy oil residues with sulfided additives or catalysts (1995)

This paper deals with the specific effects of some Hydrogen Donor Dilutents on the thermal gas-phase conversion of a long chain n-alkyl sulfide. The purpose is to present a survey of the activity of sulfided additives (thiol and organic sulfides) and catalysts (MoS 2 ) during resid conversion at various levels of severity. Results are considered from the point of view of the thermal activity of sulfided intermediates, whatever organic or inorganic materials being in the source
SERS enhancement by aggregated Au colloids: effect of particle size (2009)

Aggregated Au colloids have been widely used as SERS enhancing media for many years but to date there has been no systematic investigation of the effect of the particle size on the enhancements given by simple aggregated Au colloid solutions. Previous systematic studies on isolated particles in solution or multiple particles deposited onto surfaces reported widely different optimum particle sizes for the same excitation wavelength and also disagreed on the extent to which surface plasmon absorption spectra were a good predictor of enhancement factors. In this work the spectroscopic properties of a range of samples of monodisperse Au colloids with diameters ranging from 21 to 146 nm have been investigated in solution. The UV/visible absorption spectra of the colloids show complex changes as a function of aggregating salt (MgSO(4)) concentration which diminish when the colloid is fully aggregated. Under these conditions, the relative SERS enhancements provided by the variously sized colloids vary very significantly across the size range. The largest signals in the raw data are observed for 46 nm colloids but correction for the total surface area available to generate enhancement shows that particles with 74 nm diameter give the largest enhancement per unit surface area. The observed enhancements do not correlate with absorbance at the excitation wavelength but the large differences between differently sized colloids demonstrate that even in the randomly aggregated particle assemblies studied here, inhomogeneous broadening does not mask the underlying changes due to differences in particle diameter.
Detection of beta lactamase in sputum. (1994)

Detection of beta lactamase activity in sputum using nitrocefin, after treatment with blue sepharose beads, is a rapid, reproducible test with high specificity and sensitivity. Analytical isoelectric focusing showed that for 11 of the 16 positive sputa, the source of the beta lactamases could be traced to their concurrent bacterial isolates.
Enhanced Circular Dichroism of Self-Assembled Peptidic Amphiphiles (1989)

Abstract Peptidic amphiphiles self-assembled to show the marked enhancement of circular dichroism in the aggregates. This fact was interpreted as the existence of the inter- and intramolecular strong exciton coupling of the amide and imide chromophores.
ROLE OF FLUID PRESSURE IN MECHANICS OF OVERTHRUST FAULTING (1959)

Promise of resolving the paradox of overthrust faulting arises from a consideration of the influence of the pressure of interstitial fluids upon the effective stresses in rocks. If, in a porous rock filled with a fluid at pressure p, the normal and shear components of total stress across any given plane are S and T, then are the corresponding components of the effective stress in the solid alone.
				 According to the Mohr-Coulomb law, slippage along any internal plane in the rock should occur when the shear stress along that plane reaches the critical value where σ is the normal stress across the plane of slippage, τ 0 the shear strength of the material when σ is zero, and ϕ the angle of internal friction. However, once a fracture is started τ 0 is eliminated, and further slippage results when This can be further simplified by expressing p in terms of S by means of the equation which, when introduced into equation (4), gives From equations (4) and (6) it follows that, without changing the coefficient of friction tan ϕ , the critical value of the shearing stress can be made arbitrarily small simply by increasing the fluid pressure p. In a horizontal block the total weight per unit area S zz is jointly supported by the fluid pressure p and the residual solid stress σ zz ; as p is increased, σ zz is correspondingly diminished until, as p approaches the limit S zz , or λ approaches 1, σ zz approaches 0. For the case of gravitational sliding, on a subaerial slope of angle θ where T is the total shear stress, and S the total normal stress on the inclined plane. However, from equations (2) and (6) Then, equating the right-hand terms of equations (7) and (8), we obtain which indicates that the angle of slope θ down which the block will slide can be made to approach 0 as λ approaches 1, corresponding to the approach of the fluid pressure p to the total normal stress S .
				 Hence, given sufficiently high fluid pressures, very much longer fault blocks could be pushed over a nearly horizontal surface, or blocks under their own weight could slide down very much gentler slopes than otherwise would be possible. That the requisite pressures actually do exist is attested by the increasing frequency with which pressures as great as 0.9 S zz are being observed in deep oil wells in various parts of the world.
IR-Thermographie-Screening von thermoneutralen oder endothermen Reaktionen: die Ringschluss-Olefin-Metathese (2000)

Wenn die Verdampfungswärme eines flüchtigen Produkts zu einer Temperaturänderung führt, wie am Beispiel der Ringschluss-Olefin-Metathese (RCM) [Gl. (1)] beobachtet wurde, können auch endotherme oder thermoneutrale Prozesse einem High-Throughput-Screening durch ein IR-thermographisches Detektionsverfahren unterworfen werden, einem Verfahren, das ursprünglich für das Screening von exothermen Prozessen entwickelt worden war.
Decreased Platelet Activity Without Change in Fibrinolytic Activity After Low Dosages of Fish Oil (1993)

The effects of low-dose (350 mg daily) polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil, either in gelatine capsules or microencapsulated, were investigated in a non-blind, randomized, crossover study of 12 healthy male volunteers. The authors measured the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) into platelets membranes, platelet aggregability by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adrenaline, and fibrinolytic activity as euglobulin lysis time, after two and six weeks of therapy. Both formulations resulted in increased incorporation of EPA into platelet membranes, and the microencapsulated formulation also significantly increased the platelet level of ADP for irreversible aggregation (by about 60%). Fish oil in gelatine capsules had a smaller, non-significant effect in the same direction. Both formulations reduced adrenaline-induced aggregability, but the effects did not attain significance. Neither formulation altered fibrinolysis. The data show that low doses of fish oil in microencapsulated form significantly lower platelet aggregability, without affecting fibrinolysis.
Error concealment for MPEG video transmissions (1997)

Packet loss is a critical problem for video transmission on packet-switched networks. An error compensation method called the modified boundary matching algorithm is developed for recovering lost video due to packet loss at the video decoder. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method preserves good image quality even when the cell loss rate is very high.
NDT: Neual Decision Tree Towards Fully Functioned Neural Graph (2017)

Though traditional algorithms could be embedded into neural architectures with the proposed principle of \cite{xiao2017hungarian}, the variables that only occur in the condition of branch could not be updated as a special case. To tackle this issue, we multiply the conditioned branches with Dirac symbol (i.e. $\mathbf{1}_{x>0}$), then approximate Dirac symbol with the continuous functions (e.g. $1 - e^{-α|x|}$). In this way, the gradients of condition-specific variables could be worked out in the back-propagation process, approximately, making a fully functioned neural graph. Within our novel principle, we propose the neural decision tree \textbf{(NDT)}, which takes simplified neural networks as decision function in each branch and employs complex neural networks to generate the output in each leaf. Extensive experiments verify our theoretical analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.
DRG-cache (2002)

In this paper we propose a novel integrated circuit and architectural level technique to reduce leakage power consumption in high performance cache memories using single Vt (transistor threshold voltage) process. We utilize the concept of Gated-Ground [5] (NMOS transistor inserted between Ground line and SRAM cell) to achieve reduction in leakage energy without significantly affecting performance. Experimental results on gated-Ground caches show that data is retained (DRG-Cache) even if the memory are put in the stand-by mode of operation. Data is restored when the gated-Ground transistor is turned on. Turning off the gated-Ground transistor in turn gives large reduction in leakage power. This technique requires no extra circuitry; row decoder itself can be used to control the gated-Ground transistor. The technique is applicable to data and instruction caches as well as different levels of cache hierarchy such as the L1, L2, or L3 caches. We fabricated a test chip in TSMC 0.25m technology to show the data retention capability and the cell stability of DRG-cache. Our simulation results on 100nm and 70nm processes (Berkeley Predictive Technology Model) show 16.5% and 27% reduction in consumed energy in L1 cache and 50% and 47% reduction in L2 cache with less than 5% impact on execution time and within 4% increase in area overhead.
Superdielectrics Polymers (1986)

A giant type of polarization appears in certain highly aromatized polymeric solids. It arises when (a) the structure can inherently dissociate to form electronic carriers, and (b) when there are long domains of equivalent sites for freed electroonic carriers to rove about in response to an external electric field. It is referred to as 'nomadic' polarization, and joins the familiar electronic, atomic, and dipolar orientation types as a fourth molecular mode of polarization. Applications for the new super-dielectrics based upon these concepts will be many; including improved capacitor materials for better energy storage and control, low visibility coatings, obscuration, and EMP shielding, while in microcircuitry applications are transducers and parametric circuits. Progress in this promising new field is reviewed. A discussion of structures essential for nomadic polarization is given, together with some new results exemplifying these concepts. Future work and trends are suggested.
Na+-dependent Glutamate Transporters (EAAT1, EAAT2, and EAAT3) of the Blood-Brain Barrier (1999)

Na(+)-dependent transporters for glutamate exist on astrocytes (EAAT1 and EAAT2) and neurons (EAAT3). These transporters presumably assist in keeping the glutamate concentration low in the extracellular fluid of brain. Recently, Na(+)-dependent glutamate transport was described on the abluminal membrane of the blood-brain barrier. To determine whether the above-mentioned transporters participate in glutamate transport of the blood-brain barrier, total RNA was extracted from bovine cerebral capillaries. cDNA for EAAT1, EAAT2, and EAAT3 was observed, indicating that mRNA was present. Western blot analysis demonstrated all three transporters were expressed on abluminal membranes, but none was detectable on luminal membranes of the blood-brain barrier. Measurement of transport kinetics demonstrated voltage dependence, K(+)-dependence, and an apparent K(m) of 14 microM (aggregate of the three transporters) at a transmembrane potential of -61 mV. Inhibition of glutamate transport was observed using inhibitors specific for EAAT2 (kainic acid and dihydrokainic acid) and EAAT3 (cysteine). The relative activity of the three transporters was found to be approximately 1:3:6 for EAAT1, EAAT2, and EAAT3, respectively. These transporters may assist in maintaining low glutamate concentrations in the extracellular fluid.
<title>Compact Raman instrumentation for process and environmental monitoring</title> (1991)

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful noninvasive tool for elucidating chemical structure. Like infrared spectroscopy, it has many potential practical applications, such as process monitoring, environmental sensing, clinical analysis, forensic identification, and as a detector for use with analytical instruments. Until recently, however, Raman has been considered mainly in the context of basic research. The present generation of high performance Raman instruments tend to be large, complex and expensive, and thus have been of primary interest only to specialists in the field. This paper will discuss the development of a compact Raman spectrometer system consisting of a diode laser, fiber optics of excitation and collection, and a compact spectrograph with charge coupled device (CCD) detection.
Passivation of metals on FCC (fluid catalytic cracking) catalysts with antimony (1979)

A ten-month comparison of results obtained in a Phillips heavy oil cracker before and after passivation of the catalyst with antimony showed an increase of the fresh oil feed rate by 11.9Vertical Bar3<, an oil conversion increase of 5.4Vertical Bar3<, a gasoline production increase of 20.4Vertical Bar3<, and decreases of coke and hydrogen production of 9.1 and 61.2Vertical Bar3<, respectively. In a test on a commercial FCC unit limited by gas compressor capacity, metals passivation permitted an increase in the riser temperature, which gave a higher Research octane number gasoline, without overcracking. The antimony apparently forms an alloy with nickel which is surface-enriched antimony. Earlier laboratory studies performed for the development of the antimony additive are reviewed.
Blood-stage <i>Plasmodium</i> infection induces CD8 <sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes to parasite-expressed antigens, largely regulated by CD8α <sup>+</sup> dendritic cells (2008)

Although CD8(+) T cells do not contribute to protection against the blood stage of Plasmodium infection, there is mounting evidence that they are principal mediators of murine experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). At present, there is no direct evidence that the CD8(+) T cells mediating ECM are parasite-specific or, for that matter, whether parasite-specific CD8(+) T cells are generated in response to blood-stage infection. To resolve this and to define the cellular requirements for such priming, we generated transgenic P. berghei parasites expressing model T cell epitopes. This approach was necessary as MHC class I-restricted antigens to blood-stage infection have not been defined. Here, we show that blood-stage infection leads to parasite-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses. Furthermore, we show that P. berghei-expressed antigens are cross-presented by the CD8alpha(+) subset of dendritic cells (DC), and that this induces pathogen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) capable of lysing cells presenting antigens expressed by blood-stage parasites. Finally, using three different experimental approaches, we provide evidence that CTL specific for parasite-expressed antigens contribute to ECM.
Design and development of a low‐cost biphasic charge‐balanced functional electric stimulator and its clinical validation (2015)

Functional electric stimulators that produce near‐ideal, charge‐balanced biphasic stimulation waveforms with interphase delay are considered safer and more efficacious than conventional stimulators. An indigenously designed, low‐cost, portable FES device named InStim is developed. It features a charge‐balanced biphasic single channel. The authors present the complete design, mathematical analysis of the circuit and the clinical evaluation of the device. The developed circuit was tested on stroke patients affected by foot drop problems. It was tested both under laboratory conditions and in clinical settings. The key building blocks of this circuit are low dropout regulators, a DC–DC voltage booster and a single high‐power current source OP‐Amp with current‐limiting capabilities. This allows the device to deliver high‐voltage, constant current, biphasic pulses without the use of a bulky step‐up transformer. The advantages of the proposed design over the currently existing devices include improved safety features (zero DC current, current‐limiting mechanism and safe pulses), waveform morphology that causes less muscle fatigue, cost‐effectiveness and compact power‐efficient circuit design with minimal components. The device is also capable of producing appropriate ankle dorsiflexion in patients having foot drop problems of various Medical Research Council scale grades.
Optimisation of waveguide parameters of laser InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures for obtaining the maximum beam width in the resonator and the maximum output power (2008)

The waveguide design of a laser heterostructure is optimised to expand the laser beam in the vertical direction at the output mirror of a laser diode (up to 1.5 μm at the half intensity for the zero mode). Experimental samples of such diodes operated in the cw transverse single-mode lasing regime up to the output power of 0.5 W. The radiation divergence was 11°—12° and 4°—7° in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively.