gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Complement Resistance Mediates Virulence of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Type b (1982)

Studies were undertaken to gain insight into the virulence of type b in contrast to the other Haemophilus influenzae capsular types. A relationship was found between the comparative virulence of H. influenzae types in humans and their resistance to the bactericidal effect of antibody-free complement. Type b was most resistant to the bactericidal effect of complement. The other types could be divided into three groups based upon their susceptibility to complement; this grouping was also related to their structural similarities. No association between virulence and either the biotype, source of isolate, in vitro association with peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or the total amount of capsular polysaccharide was found. However, among the type b strains, higher levels of cell-associated polysaccharide were associated with increased resistance to complement. The relative virulence of the six H. influenzae types in the infant rat model was generally similar to that in humans. After intraperitoneal challenge, type b and type a strains had the lowest 50% effective doses for bacteremia, removed by several logs from the values of the other types. By intranasal challenge, type b strains produced higher rates and levels of bacteremia than did type a strains. High levels of natural bactericidal antibodies to types c and e were found in adult female rats; this finding alone could not account for the differences in virulence among the H. influenzae types in the infant rat model. We propose that the virulence of type b strains is due to their greater resistance to the bactericidal activity of serum complement alone. Resistance to type b disease requires serum antibody to induce the complement-mediated reaction.
Opiate Structure and Activity???A Guide to Understanding the Receptor (1984)

Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management Center, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia. Address correspondence to Dr. Thorpe, Walter O. Bos well Memorial Hospital, 10401 Thunderbird Boulevard, P. O. Box 1690, Sun City, AZ 85372. Accepted for publication September 26, 1983.
Hydroxylamine derivatives as potential antimalarial agents. 3. 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroxylamine derivatives as potential antimalarial agents. 3. 1,2,4-OxadiazolesJohn B. Hynes and Roy F. GratzCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 11, 1198–1200Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00281a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00281a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Improved Min-cut algorithm for multiple-way VLSI network partitioning</title> (1996)

This paper presents an improved algorithm with a new cost function for multiple way network partitioning. The new cost function based on the net cut model proposed incorporate a penalty function to take account of the potential effects of cell's move. Experiments show that not only the result of the new cost function outperforms that of F-M's algorithm, but also the erratic defect of F-M's algorithm has been partially alleviated. This new algorithm is flexible enough to be applicable to different objective functions. The time complexity of the new algorithm is O(bN), where b is the number of blocks and N the number of nets.
Comparison of Direct-Drive Power Takeoff Systems for Ocean Wave Energy Applications (2011)

This paper presents a comprehensive power takeoff (PTO) analysis program conducted as a collaborative research effort between Columbia Power Technologies, Inc., Oregon State University (OSU), and the U.S. Navy. Eighteen different direct-drive technologies were evaluated analytically and down-selected to five promising designs. Each of the five prototypes was simulated, modeled in SolidWorks, and built at the 200-W peak level and tested on OSU's wave energy linear test bed. The simulations were validated with the 200-W experimental results and then scaled up to 100 kW, with full 100-kW designs including costs, maintenance, operations, etc., to estimate the cost of energy (COE) for each PTO buoy system at utility scale.
Scalable, Privacy-Preserving Remote Attestation in and through Federated Identity Management Frameworks (2010)

Creating trustworthy online computing is an important open issue in security research. Trusted Computing aims to address this problem through the use of remote attestation but comes with its own baggage in the form of privacy concerns. Federated Identity Management Systems (FIDMSs), on the other hand, provide another form of trust but lack the ability to measure the integrity of platforms that they vouch for. We note that these two security architectures have reciprocal strengths and weaknesses and can be combined to create an architecture that addresses the concerns of both. In this paper, we propose an extended FIDMS in which the identity provider not only vouches for the identity of a user but also for her platform's integrity. In this way, we (a) allow a service provider to establish trust on a client platform's integrity without sacrificing privacy; and (b) create a feasible and scalable architecture for remote attestation. We describe our proposed architecture in the context of Shibboleth FIDMS and provide the details of the implementation of this system.
Absolute Konfiguration von (+)-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-Octahydro-6-isochinolon- 8a-carbonsäuremethylester und die Stereochemie einer Kupfer-katalysierten asymmetrischen Michael-Reaktion / Absolute Configuration of Methyl (+)-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-Octahydro-6-isoquinolone-8a-carboxylate and Stereochemistry of a Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Reaction (2004)

Abstract Enantiopure Boc-protected piperidine derivative (+)-5c, with a quaternary stereocenter, was obtained by copper-catalyzed, L-valine diethylamide-mediated Michael reaction. For determination of the absolute configuration, 5c was derivatized by cyclization with pyrrolidine/AcOH to give compound 6 with bicyclo[4.4.0]-constitution, deprotection of the amino function with TFA and subsequent reaction with 2-iodobenzoic acid to yield the crystalline bicyclic amide 7. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed the constitution of compounds 5c and 6 and established the (R) configuration of 7. Thus, starting Michael addition product (+)-5c has to be (S) configured, because an epimerization at the quaternary stereocenter is excluded. This result is in accordance with our working model of the Cu-catalyzed, auxiliary-assisted Michael reaction.
Design and Programming for Cable-Driven Parallel Robots in the German Pavilion at the EXPO 2015 (2015)

In the German Pavilion at the EXPO 2015, two large cable-driven parallel robots are flying over the heads of the visitors representing two bees flying over Germany and displaying everyday life in Germany. Each robot consists of a mobile platform and eight cables suspended by winches and follows a desired trajectory, which needs to be computed in advance taking technical limitations, safety considerations and visual aspects into account. In this paper, a path planning software is presented, which includes the design process from developing a robot design and workspace estimation via planning complex trajectories considering technical limitations through to exporting a complete show. For a test trajectory, simulation results are given, which display the relevant trajectories and cable force distributions.
Gene expression of rat glutathione S-transferases. Evidence for gene conversion in the evolution of the Yb multigene family. (1988)

We have characterized a cDNA with complete coding sequence for the rat liver glutathione S-transferase subunit 4 (Yb2) isolated from a constructed lambda gt10 cDNA library. Functional expression of the cDNA sequence has resulted in the purification to homogeneity of an enzymatically active anionic glutathione S-transferase. In addition to three previously described Yb-type subunits (Yb1, Yb2, Yb3), we now report characterization of a fourth Yb subunit sequence in the form of a genomic DNA clone lambda GTR15-2. The Yb4 gene has no apparent defect, and the deduced Yb4 polypeptide sequence differs from the other three Ybs by 40 to 53 amino acids. The Yb4 gene organization is similar to that of the Yb2 gene in having a minimum of eight exons. Three out of the seven introns between the two genes are conserved to the extent of more than 88% nucleotide identity. We propose that gene conversion may have played a role in the evolution of these Yb genes.
Fabrication and characterization of a dynamically flat high resolution micro-scanner (2008)

We present an ultra flat high frequency micro-scanner for high resolution laser projection applications. The scanner is fabricated in silicon-on-insulator wafers with a 30 mu m thick device layer. A backside island is constructed behind the mirror plate to improve the rigidity. The backside island is done with a deep reactive ion etching (DRIE)-tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) combination process to achieve a height of 86 mu m with good uniformity (4% within-wafer non-uniformity). The dynamic deformation is measured with a stroboscopic interferometer. The 1 mm diameter mirror plate has a root-mean-square deformation of less than 27 nm if operated at 30.84 kHz and a mechanical scan angle of +/- 10 degrees.. The dynamic flatness performance of the device exceeds the optical quality requirement of <lambda/10 deformation. The modulation transfer function of the scanner is calculated to demonstrate the resolution improvement from a scanner without backside reinforcement. With a diameter-scan angle product of 10 and a good dynamic flatness, the scanner is capable of performing the horizontal scanning (800 pixels) for an SVGA quality laser projection display.
Grain size effect on ferro-antiferromagnetic coupling of NiFe/FeMn systems (1996)

In order to investigate grain size effects on ferro–antiferromagnetic coupling in NiFe/FeMn systems, samples of glass/Cu zÅ/NiFe 75 Å/FeMn 150 Å/Ta 30 Å were made and the grain size of FeMn was changed by changing the Cu thickness z. Increasing z from 0 to 315 Å, the mean grain size increases from 18 to 50 Å. The blocking temperature, at which the coupling field NiFe/FeMn disappears, increases from 330 to 430 K with the increase of the mean grain size. The curve shape of the temperature dependence of the coupling field changes from a concave type to a convex type with the increase of the mean grain size. Temperature dependence of the coupling field were calculated using a thermal fluctuation model of antiferromagnet. The calculated curve of the temperature dependence of the coupling field agrees with the experiment qualitatively. However, the calculated curves of the temperature dependence of coercivity does not agree with the experiment.
Structural characterization of helitrons and their stepwise capturing of gene fragments in the maize genome (2011)

Three putative autonomous elements were identified, which encoded an intact Rep motif and a DNA helicase domain, suggesting that autonomous helitrons may exist in modern maize. The results indicate that gene fragments captured during the transposition of many helitrons happen in a stepwise way, with multiple gene fragments within one helitron resulting from several sequential transpositions. In addition, we have proposed a potential mechanism regarding how helitrons with multiple termini are generated.
Surface recombination in semiconductors (1967)

The surface recombination and generation process in semiconductors is studied theoretically and experimentally. The theory for a uniform distribution of surface recombination centers is developed in a unified form, applicable both to the nonequilibrium MOS method employed in the case of thermally oxidized silicon and to the photoconductive-decay method traditionally employed for etched germanium surfaces. Results of this theory are compared, with measurements on thermally oxidized silicon structures, and with previously published data relating to etched germanium surfaces.
Entrenamiento para la nieve: programa de acondicionamiento para desplazarse sobre la nieve (2004)

Empezamos a preparar la temporada de nieve con un programa de acondicionamiento que permitirá evitar las lesiones y movernos con mayor potencia y agilidad sobre la nieve. Ejercicios ilustrados para trabajar todo el cuerpo.
The noise power spectrum of CT images (1987)

An expression for the noise power spectrum of images reconstructed by the discrete filtered backprojection algorithm has been derived. The formulation explicitly includes sampling within the projections, angular sampling, and the two-dimensional sampling implicit in the discrete representation of the image. The effects of interpolation are also considered. Noise power spectra predicted by this analysis differ from those predicted using continuous theory in two respects: they are rotationally asymmetric, and they do not approach zero at zero frequency. Both of these properties can be attributed to two-dimensional aliasing due to pixel sampling. The predictions were confirmed by measurement of noise power spectra of both simulated images and images from a commercial x-ray transmission CT scanner.
Gene silencing in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (2009)

Diatoms are a major but poorly understood phytoplankton group. The recent completion of two whole genome sequences has revealed that they contain unique combinations of genes, likely recruited during their history as secondary endosymbionts, as well as by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. A major limitation for the study of diatom biology and gene function is the lack of tools to generate targeted gene knockout or knockdown mutants. In this work, we have assessed the possibility of triggering gene silencing in Phaeodactylum tricornutum using constructs containing either anti-sense or inverted repeat sequences of selected target genes. We report the successful silencing of a GUS reporter gene expressed in transgenic lines, as well as the knockdown of endogenous phytochrome (DPH1) and cryptochrome (CPF1) genes. To highlight the utility of the approach we also report the first phenotypic characterization of a diatom mutant (cpf1). Our data open the way for reverse genetics in diatoms and represent a major advance for understanding their biology and ecology. Initial molecular analyses reveal that targeted downregulation likely occurs through transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanisms. Interestingly, molecular players involved in RNA silencing in other eukaryotes are only poorly conserved in diatoms.
Poly(p-phenylene) (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(p-phenylene)J. K. Stille and Y. GilliamsCite this: Macromolecules 1971, 4, 4, 515–517Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60022a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60022a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views561Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
160-gb/s OTDM signal source with 3R function utilizing ultrafast mode-locked laser diodes and modified NOLM (2005)

High-quality 160-Gb/s optical time-division-multiplexing (OTDM) signal source with 3R functions was demonstrated using ultrafast mode-locked laser diodes (MLLDs) and a nonlinear optical fiber loop mirror (NOLM) modified with inline and external polarizers and an inline optical phase-bias compensator. Pulse quality for each OTDM channel was successfully improved and equalized owing to the clock extraction at the true data bit rate using a 160-GHz MLLD and also to the improvement of the switching performance of the NOLM.
PMMA‐based bioactive cement: Effect of glass bead filler content and histological change with time (2001)

A new bioactive bone cement (designated GBC), which is a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based composite consisting of bioactive glass beads as an inorganic filler and high molecular-weight PMMA as an organic matrix, has been developed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the filler content on the mechanical properties and osteoconductivity of GBC, to decide the most suitable filler proportion, and to evaluate the degree of cement degradation with time. The bioactive beads, consisting of MgO-CaO-SiO(2)-P(2)O(5)-CaF(2) glass, were added to the cement in various proportions (40-70 wt %). The bending strength of GBC did not differ among the proportions (approximately 136 MPa), but the elastic modulus of bending of GBC increased as the glass bead filler content increased (approximately 4.1-7.2 GPa). The all types of GBC were packed into the intramedullary canals of rat tibiae to evaluate osteoconductivity, as determined by an affinity index calculated as the length of bone in direct contact with the cement surface expressed as a percentage of the total length of the cement surface. Rats were sacrificed at 4, 8, 25, and 39 weeks after implantation, and the affinity index was calculated for each type of GBC at each time point. Histologically, new bone had formed along the surface of all types of GBC within 4 weeks, even in GBC containing only 40 wt % of glass beads. The affinity indices of GBC tended to increase as the proportion of glass bead filler increased and as the implantation period increased. In GBC containing 60 or 70 wt % of glass beads, significant rapid increases in the affinity indices were found from 4 to 8 weeks, and the high values (approximately 70%) were maintained up to 39 weeks. A sign of glass bead degradation was observed at the bone-cement interface in the rat tibiae at 39 weeks. We conclude that, when mechanical properties and osteoconductivity are both taken into consideration, GBC containing 60 or 70 wt % of glass beads is the most suitable formulation, but that further studies are needed to investigate and overcome the degradation.
IIA-7 guided-light beam deflection/switching and modulation using tilted-electrode structures in LiNbO<sub>3</sub>waveguides (1975)

Summary form only. An abstract of the above-titled article taken from the Device Research Conference (24-26 June 1975, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont., Canada) is presented.
Multisubstituted Urea Derivatives of Hydrazines by a Flexible Approach with Potential Application in Combinatorial Chemistry (1998)

combinatorial chemistry - multisubstituted hydrazines - 1,2-bis(tosylcarbamoyl)hydrazines - Mitsunobu substrate - ureas
Expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and type IV collagen in the renal tubulointerstitium in experimental diabetes: effects of ACE inhibition. (1998)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have both been implicated in the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic kidney disease. However, tubulointerstitial pathology may also be an important determinant of progressive renal dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, we investigated tubulointerstitial injury, TGF-beta1 expression, and the effect of blocking the RAS by inhibition of ACE. We randomized 36 male SD rats to control and diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced in 24 rats by administration of streptozotocin; 12 diabetic rats were further randomized to receive the ACE inhibitor ramipril (3 mg/l drinking water). At 6 months, experimental diabetes was associated with tubulointerstitial damage, a 70% increase in expression of TGF-beta1 (P < 0.05 vs. control), and a 120% increase in alpha1 (IV) collagen gene expression (P < 0.01 vs. control). In situ hybridization demonstrated a diffuse increase in both TGF-beta1 and alpha1 (IV) collagen mRNA in renal tubules. In addition, intense expression of both transcripts was noted in regions of focal tubular dilatation. Administration of the ACE inhibitor ramipril prevented tubulointerstitial injury and the overexpression of TGF-beta1 and alpha1 (IV) collagen mRNA. Changes in gene expression were accompanied by parallel changes in immunostaining for TGF-beta1 and type IV collagen. The observed beneficial effects of ramipril on the tubulointerstitium in experimental diabetes suggest that this mechanism may contribute to the therapeutic effect of ACE inhibitors in diabetic nephropathy.
COVALENT BINDING OF METHIONINE AND TRYPTOPHAN TO SOY PROTEIN (1979)

ABSTRACT The carbodiimide condensation reaction was used for covalently binding methionine and tryptophan to soybean protein thereby improving its nutritive value. Various conditions of the carbodiimide reaction were analyzed by a fractional factorial design in an attempt to determine the factors affecting the amino acid binding to soy protein hydrolysate (SPH). Of the factors investigated, pH, SPH concentration, carbodiimide concentration, activation time and reaction time were found to significantly affect the methionine binding efficiency, whereas pH, SPH concentration, carbodiimide concentration, amino acid concentration and reaction temperature were found to significantly influence the tryptophan binding efficiency to SPH. Under the best condition found, the methionine and tryptophan contents of methionine‐ and tryptophan‐bound SPH were increased 7.7‐fold and 18.0‐fold, respectively. An in vitro pepsin‐pancreatin digestion test demonstrated that the bound amino acids were readily released. To improve the protein recovery that was only 16–30% when SPH was used, soy protein isolate without pepsin hydrolysis, instead, was used as the starting material. A product with 95–99% protein recovery was obtained and its methionine or tryptophan content was increased 6.3‐fold or 11.3‐fold, respectively. High digestibility was still maintained for these products. Gel filtration chromatography demonstrated that the carbodiimide reaction caused an increase in the molecular weights of soy protein fractions; no selective amino acid binding among the different soy protein fractions during the carbodiimide reaction was observed.