gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
7 T body MRI:<i>B</i><sub>1</sub>shimming with simultaneous SAR reduction (2007)

The high frequency of the radiofrequency (RF) fields used in high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results in electromagnetic field variations that can cause local regions to have a large specific absorption rate (SAR) and/or a low excitation. In this study, we evaluated the use of a B1 shimming technique which can simultaneously improve the B+1 homogeneity and reduce the SAR for whole body imaging at 7 T. Optimizations for four individual anatomies showed a reduction up to 74% of the peak SAR values with respect to a quadrature excitation and a simultaneous improvement of the B+1 homogeneity varying between 39 and 75% for different optimization parameters. The average SAR was reduced with approximately 50% for all optimizations. The optimized phase and amplitude settings from an elliptical phantom model were applied to four realistic human anatomy models to evaluate whether a generic application without prior knowledge of the detailed human anatomy is possible. This resulted in an average improvement of the B+1 homogeneity of 37% and an average reduction of the maximum and average SAR of 50 and 55%, respectively. It can be concluded that this generic method can be used as a simple method to improve the prospects of 7 T body imaging.
JUMPA Vol.2 No.2 Juni 2015 PENGARUH SIZE FIRM, TIPE INDUSTRI, PROFITABILITAS, KINERJA LINGKUNGAN DAN MEDIA EXPOSURE TERHADAP CORPORATE SOCIAL DISCLOSURE RESPONSIBILITY (2015)

The objective of this research is to examine empirically whether the size firm, type of industry, profitability, environmental performance, and media exposure are giving effect to Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in manufacturing companies, which listed at Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample of this research is manufacturing companies, which listed at Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) on 2011-2013. The number of samples used 32 companies that have been selected based on some sample selection criteria. The selection of the samples is using purposive sampling. Then, those kinds of elements are tested using multiple regression. The result of this research have been identified that there are significant effect between size firm (UP) and type of industry (TI) to corporate social responsibility disclosure. Meanwhile profitability (PROFIT), environmental performance (KL) and media exposure (ME) are not giving significant effect to corporate social responsibility disclosure on manufacturing companies, which listed at Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).
Mutation of SAD2, an importin β‐domain protein in Arabidopsis, alters abscisic acid sensitivity (2006)

A number of protein and RNA-processing mutants have been shown to affect ABA sensitivity. A new mutant, sad2-1, was isolated from a T-DNA mutagenized population of RD29A:LUC plants and shown to have increased luminescence after ABA, salt, cold or polyethylene glycol treatments. Expression of several ABA- and stress-responsive genes was higher in the mutant than in the wild type. sad2-1 also exhibited ABA hypersensitivity in seed germination and seedling growth. SAD2 was found to encode an importin beta-domain family protein likely to be involved in nuclear transport. SAD2 was expressed at a low level in all tissues examined except flowers, but SAD2 expression was not inducible by ABA or stress. Subcellular localization of GFP-tagged SAD2 showed a predominantly nuclear localization, consistent with a role for SAD2 in nuclear transport. Knockout of the closest importin beta homolog of SAD2 in Arabidopsis did not duplicate the sad2 phenotype, indicating that SAD2 plays a specific role in ABA signaling. Analysis of RD29A:LUC luminescence and ABA and stress sensitivity in double mutants of sad2-1 and sad1 or abh1-7, a newly isolated allele of ABH1 also in the RD29A:LUC background, suggested that SAD2 acts upstream of or has additive effects with these two genes. The results suggest a role for nuclear transport in ABA signal transduction, and the possible roles of SAD2 in relation to that of SAD1 and ABH1 are discussed.
Prospective Coding for Objects in Primate Prefrontal Cortex (1999)

We examined neural activity in prefrontal (PF) cortex of monkeys performing a delayed paired associate task. Monkeys were cued with a sample object. Then, after a delay, a test object was presented. If the test object was the object associated with the sample during training (i.e., its target), they had to release a lever. Monkeys could bridge the delay by remembering the sample (a sensory-related code) and/or thinking ahead to the expected target (a prospective code). Examination of the monkeys' behavior suggested that they were relying on a prospective code. During and shortly after sample presentation, neural activity in the lateral PF cortex primarily reflected the sample. Toward the end of the delay, however, PF activity began to reflect the anticipated target, which indicated a prospective code. These results provide further confirmation that PF cortex does not simply buffer incoming visual inputs, but instead selectively processes information relevant to current behavioral demands, even when this information must be recalled from long-term memory.
Ray tracing as a design tool for radio networks (1991)

Efficient radio ray tracing programs developed particularly for reflector-rich environments are described. These image-based, dual-grid, scalar, coherent, ray tracing programs generate maps, (two-dimensional slices) of three-dimensional standing wave patterns for continuous wave illumination. The calculated maps are used to estimate system coverage quality in a macroscopic sense and to investigate design alternatives regarding antenna beamwidths, boresight orientations, spatially averaged signal strengths, and so forth. The programs run fast enough on engineering workstation to support indoor radio system design, but not fast enough for interactive use. Examples are given to illustrate the use of the programs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
John Hunter and the American School of Surgery (1998)

Sheldon, George F. MD, FACS, FRCS (Ed) HON; Kagarise, Mary Jane RN, MSPH Author Information
Prediction of the Isoelectric Point of an Amino Acid Based on GA-PLS and SVMs (2003)

The support vector machine (SVM), as a novel type of a learning machine, for the first time, was used to develop a QSPR model that relates the structures of 35 amino acids to their isoelectric point. Molecular descriptors calculated from the structure alone were used to represent molecular structures. The seven descriptors selected using GA-PLS, which is a sophisticated hybrid approach that combines GA as a powerful optimization method with PLS as a robust statistical method for variable selection, were used as inputs of RBFNNs and SVM to predict the isoelectric point of an amino acid. The optimal QSPR model developed was based on support vector machines, which showed the following results: the root-mean-square error of 0.2383 and the prediction correlation coefficient R=0.9702 were obtained for the whole data set. Satisfactory results indicated that the GA-PLS approach is a very effective method for variable selection, and the support vector machine is a very promising tool for the nonlinear approximation.
Applications of Elastomers in Solid Rocket Powerplants (1966)

Abstract Application of elastomers in the manufacture of solid-propelled powerplants is discussed. Thermal, ablative, and erosion-resistant properties of elastomeric composite materials are influenced by the composition of the elastomeric binder, the shape and composition of the reinforcing filler, filler loading, and the filler-to-elastomer ratio. The development of high performance motors, operating at higher chamber pressures, higher combustion flame temperatures, and for longer burning durations clearly point to the need for further advances in the insulative motor components for the liner, motor case, slivers, and nozzle if the requirements for improved future rocket designs are to be met.
Intravenous administration of anti-inflammatory mesenchymal stem cell spheroids reduces chronic alcohol intake and abolishes binge-drinking (2018)

Abstract Chronic alcohol intake leads to neuroinflammation and astrocyte dysfunction, proposed to perpetuate alcohol consumption and to promote conditioned relapse-like binge drinking. In the present study, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured in 3D-conditions to generate MSC-spheroids, which greatly increased MSCs anti-inflammatory ability and reduced cell volume by 90% versus conventionally 2D-cultured MSCs, enabling their intravenous administration and access to the brain. It is shown, in an animal model of chronic ethanol intake and relapse-drinking, that both the intravenous and intra-cerebroventricular administration of a single dose of MSC-spheroids inhibited chronic ethanol intake and relapse-like drinking by 80–90%, displaying significant effects over 3–5 weeks. The MSC-spheroid administration fully normalized alcohol-induced neuroinflammation, as shown by a reduced astrocyte activation, and markedly increased the levels of the astrocyte Na-glutamate (GLT-1) transporter. This research suggests that the intravenous administration of MSC-spheroids may constitute an effective new approach for the treatment of alcohol-use disorders.
Volumetric Error Compensation Technique for 3D Printers (2013)

One of the main disadvantages for the use of 3D printers in final product manufacturing is its lack of precision and poor dimensional accuracy. This paper proposes volumetric error compensation technique based on pattern artifacts. This technique is applied to an Objet 350 V 3D printer. It is developed the kinematic model of the machine and its error functions are approximated by Legendre polynomials of order 3. As reference measurement device a Zeiss PMC MMC 850 with VAST XT scanning head is used. To materialize the points conical sockets are used that are measured automatically by a self-centering probing system. These measurements allow through an iterative optimization process to identify the coefficients of the polynomials of the error model. After manufacturing various pieces of test patterns, the results achieved are close to 80% reduction in mean error points.
Phase‐contrast radiographs of nonstained rat cerebellar specimen (1995)

Phase-contrast radiography using an x-ray interferometer is presented for observing organic matter. High sensitivity of phase-contrast radiography is demonstrated with a rat cerebellar specimen without staining it with a contrast medium. The layer structure of the cerebellum can be observed in the obtained image while there is no clear structure in the corresponding absorption-contrast image. Quantitative image analysis is made possible by converting an x-ray interference pattern to an x-ray phase shift distribution. The lipid distribution in the cerebellum is discussed by evaluating x-ray phase shifts before and after lipid removal.
Improved Preparation and Use of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids in Lipase-Catalyzed Enantio- and Regioselective Acylations (2001)

Polar organic solvents such as methanol or N-methylformamide inactivate lipases. Although ionic liquids such as 3-alkyl-1-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates have polarities similar to these polar organic solvents, they do not inactivate lipases. To get reliable lipase-catalyzed reactions in ionic liquids, we modified their preparation by adding a wash with aqueous sodium carbonate. Lipase-catalyzed reactions that previously did not occur in untreated ionic liquids now occur at rates comparable to those in nonpolar organic solvents such as toluene. Acetylation of 1-phenylethanol catalyzed by lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia (PCL) was as fast and as enantioselective in ionic liquids as in toluene. Ionic liquids permit reactions in a more polar solvent than previously possible. Acetylation of glucose catalyzed by lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL-B) was more regioselective in ionic liquids because glucose is up to one hundred times more soluble in ionic liquids. Acetylation of insoluble glucose in organic solvents yielded the more soluble 6-O-acetyl glucose, which underwent further acetylation to give 3,6-O-diacetyl glucose (2-3:1 mixture). However, acetylation of glucose in ionic liquids yielded only 6-O-acetyl glucose (>13:1 and up to >50:1).
Cytokines and periodontal disease: immunopathological role of interleukins for B cell responses in chronic inflamed gingival tissues. (1993)

Localized and chronically-inflamed gingival tissues of adult periodontitis (AP) are generally characterized as a hyper-responsiveness of B lineage cells where increased numbers of plasma cells occur. It was previously shown that high numbers of IgG subclass antibody-secreting cells (e.g., IgG1 > IgG2 > IgG3 > or = IgG4) with significant numbers of IgA subclass antibody-producing cells were seen in enzymatically dissociated gingival mononuclear cells (GMC) from inflamed periodontal tissues. An interesting finding was that the frequency of IgA2 plasma cells was elevated in the severe stage of AP when compared with the moderate stage. IgM plasma cells were essentially not found in these tissues. To understand the cytokine involvement in these increased B cell responses in inflamed gingiva, GMC isolated from inflamed tissues of AP patients were examined for cytokine production, specifically for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 at both the protein and mRNA levels, since these cytokines have been shown to be essential interleukins for the regulation of the B cell response. Freshly-isolated GMC and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from AP patients were initially examined for IL-6 production because of its essential role for the terminal differentiation of B cells to become Ig-producing plasma cells. High levels of IL-6 were produced by GMC but not by PBMC unless cells were stimulated with T cell mitogen. A similar findings was also obtained when levels of IL-6 specific mRNA were examined in GMC and PBMC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the generation and recovery of interface traps in MOSFETs subjected to NBTI, FN, and HCI stress (2006)

A common framework for interface-trap (N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IT</sub> ) generation involving broken equivSi-H and equivSi-O bonds is developed for negative bias temperature instability (NBTI), Fowler-Nordheim (FN), and hot-carrier injection (HCI) stress. Holes (from inversion layer for pMOSFET NBTI, from channel due to impact ionization, and from gate poly due to anode-hole injection or valence-band hole tunneling for nMOSFET HCI) break equivSi-H bonds, whose time evolution is governed by either one-dimensional (NBTI or FN) or two-dimensional (HCI) reaction-diffusion models. Hot holes break equivSi-O bonds during both FN and HCI stress. Power-law time exponent of N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IT</sub> during stress and recovery of N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IT</sub> after stress are governed by relative contribution of broken equivSi-H and equivSi-O bonds (determined by cold- and hot-hole densities) and have important implications for lifetime prediction under NBTI, FN, and HCI stress conditions
Requirement of HMGB1 for stromal cell–derived factor–1/CXCL12–dependent migration of macrophages and dendritic cells (2009)

HMGB1 finely tunes the function of DCs, thus influencing their maturation program and eventually the establishment of adaptive, T cell-dependent immune responses. Moreover, it promotes the up-regulation of receptors for lymph node chemokines, regulates the remodeling of the cytoskeleton of migrating cells, and sustains their journey to secondary lymphoid organs via a RAGE-dependent pathway. The inflammatory properties of HMGB1 depend at least partially on the ability to complex with soluble moieties, including nucleic acids, microbial products, and cytokines. Here, we show that bone marrow-derived mouse DCs release HMGB1 during CXCL12-dependent migration in vitro. Macrophages share this property, suggesting that it may be a general feature of CXCL12-responsive leukocytes. The chemotactic response to rCXCL12 of DCs and macrophages abates in the presence of the HMGB1 antagonist BoxA. HMGB1 secreted from DCs and macrophages binds to CXCL12 in the fluid phase and protects the chemokine conformation and function in a reducing environment. Altogether, our data indicate that HMGB1 release is required for CXCL12 ability to attract myeloid-derived cells and reveal a functional interaction between the two molecules that possibly contributes to the regulation of leukocyte recruitment and motility.
Robust speech recognition under noisy environments based on selection of multi ple noise suppression methods (2005)

Summary form only given. To achieve high recognition performance for a wide variety of noise and for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio, this paper presents the integration of four noise reduction algorithms: spectral subtraction with smoothing of time direction; temporal domain SVD-based speech enhancement; GMM-based speech estimation; and KLT-based comb-filtering. In this paper, we investigated the optimal suppression method for each noise condition, and then also developed the method of choosing the optimal method automatically for unknown noise. Recognition results on the AURORA-2J task show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Low-power silicon architecture for wireless communications (2000)

Wireless communication and networking is experiencing a dramatic growth, and all indicators point to an extension of this growth in the foreseeable future. This paper reflects on the demands and the opportunities offered with respect to the integrated implementation of these applications in the "systems-ona-chip" era.
The role of growth factors, cytokines, and vasoactive compounds in obstructive nephropathy. (1998)

Renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis occurs after ureteral obstruction. Fibrosis most likely develops as a consequence of an imbalance between extracellular matrix synthesis and deposition and the degradation and removal of matrix. Angiotensin II is rapidly stimulated after the onset of ureteral obstruction. Angiotensin II in turn upregulates other factors (transforming growth factor beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor-kappaB, and several adhesion molecules and chemoattractants). Blockade of angiotensin II synthesis or inability of this peptide to bind to its receptor lessened the increased levels of mRNA for TGF-beta and collagen IV. Increased levels of angiotensin II have a major role in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis after ureteral obstruction.
Considerations for a high-performance thermionic energy conversion device based on a negative electron affinity emitter (2007)

A theory is developed to model the effect a negative electron affinity (NEA) emitter electrode has on the negative space charge effect of a vacuum thermionic energy conversion device (TEC). The theory is derived by treating the electrons in the interelectrode space as a collisionless gas and self-consistently solving the Boltzmann transport equation and Poisson equation. The theory determines the point on the voltage-current characteristic such that the maximum motive due to space charge is at the same level as the conduction band minimum. It is shown that emitter electrodes with an NEA significantly mitigate the negative space charge effect; therefore a TEC employing such an electrode will outperfrom a similar TEC with conventional electrodes in terms of output power. Additionally, it is shown that a TEC with an NEA emitter electrode can have a greater interelectrode spacing than a TEC with conventional electrodes operating under similar conditions where the outputs of both TEC's are comparable.
Exploiting Dynamic Reconfiguration for FPGA Based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (2010)

A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) inspects the traffic flowing in a network to detect malicious content such as spam, viruses, and so on. Hardware based solutions appear necessary to face the performance requirements emerging when the goal is to deploy such systems in high speed network scenarios. However, the appropriate choice of the hardware platform is believed to be subject to at least two requirements, usually considered independent each other: i) it needs to be reprogrammable, in order to update the intrusion detection rules each time a new threat arises, and ii) it must be capable of containing the typically very large set of rules of existing NIDSs. The goal of this paper is to show that reprogrammability can be further exploited to reduce the resource requirements for the chosen platform. Specifically, we propose an FPGA-based solution that classifies and dispatches traffic to elastic buffers, connecting one buffer at a time to a dynamically reconfigurable rule matching core. This core supports only the appropriate subset of detection rules. A worst-case analysis shows that the saving in hardware resources is achieved with a relatively small buffer space, currently available in cheap, low end, FPGA boards, with no impairment on the resulting throughput.
Direct detection of mercury(<scp>II</scp>)–thio-ether bonding in complexes of methionine and S-methylcysteine by<sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance (1970)

Mercury(II) bonds to the sulphur atom of methionine and S-methylcysteine in 1M-HNO3; at pH 9 N,O–metal bonding is favoured in complexes between methionine and mercury(II), whereas N,S–metal bonding occurs for S-methylcysteine.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>: success through dormancy (2012)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health threat, killing nearly 2 million individuals around this globe, annually. The only vaccine, developed almost a century ago, provides limited protection only during childhood. After decades without the introduction of new antibiotics, several candidates are currently undergoing clinical investigation. Curing TB requires prolonged combination of chemotherapy with several drugs. Moreover, monitoring the success of therapy is questionable owing to the lack of reliable biomarkers. To substantially improve the situation, a detailed understanding of the cross-talk between human host and the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is vital. Principally, the enormous success of Mtb is based on three capacities: first, reprogramming of macrophages after primary infection/phagocytosis to prevent its own destruction; second, initiating the formation of well-organized granulomas, comprising different immune cells to create a confined environment for the host-pathogen standoff; third, the capability to shut down its own central metabolism, terminate replication, and thereby transit into a stage of dormancy rendering itself extremely resistant to host defense and drug treatment. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, draw conclusions in a working model of mycobacterial dormancy, and highlight gaps in our understanding to be addressed in future research.
Phytotoxicity of Soil-Incorporated 2,6-Dichloro-Benzonitrile to Clonal Apple Rootstocks1 (1972)

Abstract Shoot growth and fresh wt of greenhouse-grown EM VII clonal apple rootstocks in 1970 were reduced by 1.5 ppm soil-incorporated dichlobenil. Concentrations of 6.0 ppm and higher prevented growth. No leaf margin yellowing (LMY) was observed in 1970, but in 1971 it occurred following placement of 3 clonal rootstocks outdoors. EM VII produced the most shoot growth and EM IX the least. EM IX produced the least fresh wt increase, while those of EM VII and MM 106 were equivalent. EM VII had more LMY than the other 2 rootstocks. The responses of the 3 rootstocks to several concn of dichlobenil were similar. Dichlobenil concn of 0.2 and 0.4 ppm increased fresh wt, largely due to stimulation of root growth. Concentrations of 0.8 ppm and more of dichlobenil suppressed growth.