gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developing A Fire Monitoring and Control System Based on IoT (2016)

An novel fire extinguishing monitoring and control system is proposed in this paper. The system combines online monitoring of fire extinguishing information based on Internet of things (IoT), early fire warning and alarm system with building safety evaluation, which are designed to acquiring the real-time information of fire extinguishing working condition, improving the reliable prediction mechanism in traditional fire monitoring system. A perception terminal based on IoT is developed and the fire real-time monitoring and control system is designed in this paper. The novel system can acquire the real-time working condition information of fire extinguishing facilities, such as pipe flow, pressure, temperature and humidity of the environment, current and voltage of the electric equipment, valve switch, relay action, alarming message, it can upload the collected data to the monitoring center through the C/S(Client /Server) architecture. Based on these data, an electrical early fire warning model based on BP neural network is proposed. A fire safety evaluation model based on ontology with the usage of protege is established, which facilitate the on-line monitoring and control of building fire protection information, the prediction of electrical fire and improve building safety level evaluation.
Structural changes in InP/Si solar cells following irradiation with protons to very high fluences (1999)

Precisely how the short circuit current (JSC) is produced in a proton irradiated n+p InP/Si solar cell at very high fluence levels has been determined from combined measurements of the cell structure using electrochemical capacitance–voltage profiling and detailed analysis of the spectral quantum efficiency. Type conversion in the base region of the cell is shown to occur before an anomalous peak in the degradation curve for JSC is reached at high damage levels. The short circuit current, and hence the cell efficiency, ultimately collapse because the high absorption coefficient of InP eventually prevents the generation of electron–hole pairs close enough to the effective cell junction from being collected.
Master's Thesis Award of Merit: Northeastern Agricultural Economics Council (1983)

Agribusiness
Simulation and embedded software development for Anton, a parallel machine with heterogeneous multicore ASICs (2008)

Anton, a special-purpose parallel machine currently under construction, is the result of a significant hardware-software codesign effort that relied heavily on an architectural simulator. One of this simulator's many important roles is to support the development of embedded software (software that runs on Anton's ASICs), which is challenging for several reasons. First, the Anton ASIC is a heterogeneous multicore system-on-a-chip, with three types of embedded cores tightly coupled to special-purpose hardware units. Second, a standard 512-ASIC configuration contains a total of 6,656 distinct embedded cores, all of which must be explicitly modeled within the simulator. Third, a portion of the embedded software is dynamically generated at simulation time.
Practical and Highly Enantioselective Ring Opening of Cyclic <i>Meso</i>-Anhydrides Mediated by Cinchona Alkaloids (2000)

The cinchona alkaloid-mediated opening of prochiral cyclic anhydrides in the presence of methanol leading to optically active hemiesters is described. Very structurally diverse anhydrides are converted into their corresponding methyl monoesters, and either enantiomer can be obtained with up to 99% ee by using quinine or quinidine as directing additive. After the reaction, the alkaloids can be recovered almost quantitatively and reused without loss of enantioselectivity. Additionally, a catalytic protocol which permits the substoichiometric use of quinidine in the presence of easily accessible pentamethylpiperidine (pempidine) is presented.
Single‐loop coil concepts for intravascular magnetic resonance imaging (1999)

Compared with other coil designs that have been investigated for intravascular use, the single-loop coil can be designed with a very small diameter for insertion into small vessels and with a longitudinal extent over several centimeters for multislice imaging.If it designed to be expandable inside the target vessel, then it combines these features with increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and penetration depth.Expandable single-loop coils that are capable of meeting these requirements were developed and integrated into two different commercial catheter-based delivery systems: a self-expandable, single-loop made from NiTinol and a single-loop coil mounted on an inflatable balloon.The influence of a small-diameter coaxial cable for remote tuning and matching on the coil performance was investigated.Calculations showed the dependence of the signal on the separation between the conductors.The comparison of both catheter approaches in in vitro flow experiments and in an in vivo pig experiment revealed the influence of pulsatile flow on image quality during intravascular imaging with these designs.
Minireview: Estrogen Receptor-β: Mechanistic Insights from Recent Studies (2010)

The discovery of estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) in 1996 stimulated great interest in the physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of ERbeta action. We now know that ERbeta plays a major role in mediating estrogen action in several tissues and organ systems, including the ovary, cardiovascular system, brain, and the immune system, and that ERbeta and ERalpha generally play distinct physiological roles in the body. Although significant progress has been made toward understanding the molecular mechanisms of ERbeta action, particularly in vitro, there remains a large gap in our understanding of the mechanisms by which ERbeta elicits its biological functions in a true physiological context.
A 1.5-ns 32-b CMOS ALU in double pass-transistor logic (1993)

Describes circuit techniques for fabricating a high-speed adder using pass-transistor logic. Double pass-transistor logic (DPL) is shown to improve circuit performance at reduced supply voltage. Its symmetrical arrangement and double-transmission characteristics improve the gate speed without increasing the input capacitance. A carry propagation circuit technique called conditional carry selection (CCS) is shown to resolve the problem of series-connected pass transistors in the carry propagation path. By combining these techniques, the addition time of a 32-b ALU can be reduced by 30% from that of an ordinary CMOS ALU. A 32-b ALU test chip is fabricated in 0.25- mu m CMOS technology using these circuit techniques and is capable of an addition time of 1.5 ns at a supply voltage of 2.5 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies of Ultra High Temperature Ceramic Composite Components: Synthesis and Characterization of HfOxCy and Si Oxidation in Atomic Oxygen Containing Environments (2008)

Abstract : Ultrahigh temperature ceramics (UHTC) are a class of materials being considered for reusable atmospheric re-entry vehicles, hypersonic flight vehicles and rocket propulsion [1, 2]. In these applications, the materials are subjected to high temperatures and extremely reactive and high flow environments (e.g. O, O2). Therefore, potential material candidates have to be mechanically, chemically and thermally stable. Currently no one material exists that have all the properties required for these applications therefore composites have to be developed. However, materials choices are limited [3]. While some candidates have proven to be more suitable than others, the underlying mechanisms by which they withstand the environment and offer protection are still not understood [4]. For other materials, the processing method and the resulting properties of the starting materials can be a major contributor to preventing or promoting some of the microscopic processes [1]. One part of the inability to find suitable materials can be attributed to the fact that most of the work has been application driven. Recent reports on the progress of research in this field indicate that only if fundamental knowledge of the behavior each material in different regimes is obtained in a systematic process, can a solution be developed. The first part of this work primarily focuses on the Hf-C system within the UHTC class of materials. It addresses the processing challenges in the synthesis of Hf-C based films such as oxygen dissolution, particulate and void formation, non-stoichiometric and non-uniform film formation. In Chapter II we explore the diffusion and reaction characteristics of these two elements through thermal treatment in an inert environment. In Chapter III, the formation of hafnium carbide (HfC) by pulsed laser deposition and the inherent technique parameters that need to be considered are addressed. The efficacy of thus deposited HfC as a protective coating is then explored.
Side Chain Effects in Hybrid PPV/PPE Polymers (2002)

The Horner−Wadsworth−Emmons olefination reaction of luminophoric dialdehydes 1 and 2 and bisphosphonates 3 provide high-molecular-weight and thermostable PPV/PPE hybrid polymers 4 and 5 of well-defined general constitutional structure −(CHCH−Ph−CHCH−Ph−C⋮C−Ph−C⋮C−Ph−)n, which was confirmed by NMR, infrared and elemental analysis. Soluble and good film-forming materials were obtained after attaching long linear alkoxy, e.g., dodecyloxy, octadecyloxy, or branched alkoxy side chains, e.g., 2-ethylhexyloxy, on the conjugated backbone. Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystalline behavior was observed with polarized optical microscopy. The presence of triple bonds along the PPV backbone increases the electron affinity of these polymers, which is reflected by the comparatively (with MEH−PPV) higher oxidation potential of 1.30 V vs Ag/AgCl. Polymers 4 and 5 are good photoconducting and highly luminescent materials. While almost identical photophysical behaviors for all polymers of type 4 (λmax,abs = 450 nm, λmax,em = 490 nm) or 5 (λmax,abs = 470 nm, λmax,em = 553 nm) were obtained in dilute chloroform solution, resulting in fluorescence quantum yields between 70 and 80% of the yellowish-green emission, the solid-state properties (color, thermal behavior, photoconductivity, absorption and emission spectra, and photoluminescence quantum yields) are dependent on the size, geometry, number, and location of the grafted alkoxy side groups. Exchanging for example the position of the side chains from 4ac (R2 = O(CH2)17CH3, R4 = O(CH2)7CH3) to 4ca (R2 = O(CH2) 7CH3, R4 = O(CH2)17CH3) leads not only to a change in color of the material from orange to yellow but also a dramatic change in the photophysical behavior. In general, octadecyloxy side chains in position R4 are necessary to obtain narrow and structured emission curves, small Stokes shifts, less excimer formation, and higher fluorescence quantum yields (30−40%). The fully substituted, deep orange-red polymer 5a (R2 = R4 = O(CH2)17CH3), for example, behaves as if its conjugated backbone was dissolved in a hydrocarbon solvent. This is confirmed by its very high photocurrent of 1.1 × 10-9 A (which is at least 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of all the other polymers), detected at the lowest threshold voltage of 10 V, and its highest φfl value of 54%. It can be assumed from these facts that photoconductivity is more an intramolecular phenomenon than an intermolecular one. Strong π−π interchain interactions not only lead to fluorescence quenching through excimer formation but also have a negative effect on photoconductivity.
Opposite effects of beta amyloid on endothelial cell survival: role of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). (2005)

Amyloid beta-peptides (Abeta) aggregate during Alzheimer's disease contributing to the development of the pathology. At micromolar concentration Abeta is toxic and accumulates in neurons and in the vasculature. However, Abeta is found at nanomolar concentrations in the plasma of healthy individuals and is also produced by endothelial cells. Here, we investigate the dual role exerted by Abeta(1-40) on endothelial cell functions. Coronary vascular endothelial cells were utilized to study whether Abeta affects endothelial cell growth and its action was compared with the effect of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In a range from 5 to 100 nM, Abeta(1-40) concentration-dependently increased cell growth, whereas higher concentrations of Abeta(1-40) reduced cell number compared to control. At nanomolar concentration of the peptide Abeta(1-40) also stimulated FGF-2mRNA expression and protein production, which was negatively affected by micromolar concentration of the peptide. The dual role observed on endothelial cell growth, was mediated by FGF-2 biodisponibility. In fact, neutralizing anti-FGF-2 antibody inhibited Abeta(1-40)-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation at 50 nM. 5 muM inhibited ERK1/2 activation over control and this was reflected by diminished cell growth which was recovered by exogenous FGF-2 administration. These results suggest that low Abeta concentrations stimulate endothelial cells to acquire an angiogenic phenotype through interaction with endogenous FGF-2 and induction of its synthesis. In contrast, accumulation of Abeta results toxic for endothelial cells and at these concentrations Abeta peptide looses its ability to prime FGF-2 cycle. This may be a fundamental pathological event which might contribute to the worsening of the pathology.
In Vitro Cultivation and Immunogenicity of Human Cardiac Valve Endothelium (1993)

Endothelial cells were derived from aortic and mitral valves (n = 17) by collagenase digestion and subsequently cultivated in RPMI medium supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum. The cells were stained in an alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase stain for the expression of MHC Class I and Class II antigens, ICAM-1, ELAM-1, F VIII, and H/Y. The endothelium showed a strong expression of Class I, H/Y, and ICAM-1 molecules, and weak expression of MHC Class II molecules. In contrast to vascular endothelium that is known to express F VIII constitutively, cardiac valve endothelium was found to be negative. F VIII and ELAM-1 were only expressed after stimulation with recombinant interferon-gamma. To analyze the immunogenicity of valve endothelium, cells were used as stimulator cells in a mixed cell culture reaction using lymphocytes as responder cells. Endothelial cells had a 2 to 3 times higher stimulatory effect than peripheral blood lymphocytes. These data allow speculation on whether the observed degeneration of homografts can be reduced if HLA matching is performed prior to valve implantation.
The Development of the Combat Division in Eighteenth-Century French Armies (1965)

The development of the infantry division as a tactical combat unit was a major step forward in the evolution of modern armies. Combat divisions in the Republic were basically ad hoc formations created in response to circumstances. Armies operating in Germany were with increasing frequency divided into units, each comprising infantry, cavalry, and artillery. The French army did not make provision for the existence of a division within its table of organization, and it was left to the individual army commands whether or not they would create such units. The armed forces of the revolutionary republic would also retain the administrative division and expand the combat division composed exclusively of infantry into an organic unit comprising all arms. The revolutionaries of 1789 had no intention of making drastic changes in the composition of the state's armed forces and instituted relatively few military reforms during the revolutionary activity.
Expression of the gene coding for human prostate‐specific antigen and related hGK‐1 in benign and malignant tumors of the human prostate (1990)

Human glandular kallikrein-1 gene (hGK-1) is closely related to the gene of human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and both genes are expressed in the human prostate. We have studied PSA and hGK-1 mRNAs in human prostatic tissue samples from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or adenocarcinoma (CA), using Northern and slot-blot analysis in order to gain insight into the expression of these highly similar genes. Multiple mRNAs were found to originate from both genes. The major mRNA species of 1.6 kb accounted for 57% to 76% of the total coding capacity for PSA in different tissue specimens, but a variant mRNA species of 1.9 kb was also abundant. Most of the BPH samples contained marked amounts of an aberrant 0.9 kb mRNA, and long PSA mRNAs of 6.1 kb, 4.5 kb and 3.1 kb were found in elevated amounts in some of the CA samples. The amount of PSA mRNAs that would produce aberrant PSA proteins if translated into protein varied from 18% to 38% in these tissue samples. The major mRNA species originating from hGK-1 was of 1.6 kb, but other less abundant mRNA species could also be observed. The amount of PSA and hGK-1 mRNAs was determined from slot blots hybridized with specific oligonucleotide probes. No significant differences could be found in the PSA gene expression between BPH and CA samples. The total amount of the PSA mRNAs in all the different BPH specimens was fairly similar, but there was a 3-fold difference between the highest and lowest PSA mRNA levels in the CA samples. The hGK-1 mRNA levels in the BPH specimens studied demonstrated greater variance than the PSA mRNA levels in the same samples. The correlation between PSA gene and hGK-1 expression in the BPH samples was good, suggesting that there are similarities in the regulation of these genes. However, the lack of correlation between the amounts of PSA and hGK-1 mRNAs in the CA samples except in sample C1 indicates that there are also differences in the gene regulation. The observed 3.7- to 6.5-fold excess of PSA mRNAs as compared with the amount of hGK-1 mRNAs present in the same tissue specimen also indicated differences in the cis- or trans-acting regulatory elements of these genes.
Optical coating on transparent plastics (2005)

The replacement of glass by plastic for optical applications is a challenge for the development of coatings. Coating on plastics requires substrate specific vacuum processes. The suitability of the miscellaneous thermoplastic polymers for vacuum coating processes must be evaluated with respect to the degree of damage these substrates will sustain when in contact with plasma and high-energy radiation. Furthermore, the environmental stability of a plastic part coated with an inorganic layer also depends on the polymer processing parameters and the dimensions of the plastic part. Thus, each coated plastic optic has to pass extended tests depending on the conditions of use. In many cases, the expensive development work impedes the application of coated plastic optics for mass products today. The problems with handling polymers in coating processes stimulate researcher and manufacturer to look for new coating designs or for alternative coating or treatment techniques. One example of this development is the design concept AR-hard® for antireflection purposes.
Intrinsic randomness as a measure of quantum coherence (2015)

Based on the theory of quantum mechanics, intrinsic randomness in measurement distinguishes quantum effects from classical ones. From the perspective of states, this quantum feature can be summarized as coherence or superposition in a specific (classical) computational basis. Recently, by regarding coherence as a physical resource, Baumgratz et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 140401 (2014)] presented a comprehensive framework for coherence measures. Here, we propose a quantum coherence measure essentially using the intrinsic randomness of measurement. The proposed coherence measure provides an answer to the open question in completing the resource theory of coherence. Meanwhile, we show that the coherence distillation process can be treated as quantum extraction, which can be regarded as an equivalent process of classical random number extraction. From this viewpoint, the proposed coherence measure also clarifies the operational aspect of quantum coherence. Finally, our results indicate a strong similarity between two types of quantumness---coherence and entanglement.
Molecules with Perfect Cubic Symmetry as Nanobuilding Blocks for 3-D Assemblies. Elaboration of Octavinylsilsesquioxane. Unusual Luminescence Shifts May Indicate Extended Conjugation Involving the Silsesquioxane Core (2008)

The objectives of this work are to demonstrate facile routes to 3-D star materials with octa- and hexadecafunctionality to provide new nanoconstruction tools for the synthesis of new types of stars, dendrimers, and hyperbranched molecules or for the assembly of novel nanocomposites. A further objective is to identify novel properties inherent in the resulting new compounds. Octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS, [VinylSiO1.5]8) with perfect 3-D or cubic symmetry is elaborated through metathesis with substituted styrenes to produce a series of RStyrenylOS compounds. The p-BrStyrenylOS compound is then further reacted with other sets of p-substituted styrenes via Heck coupling to produce a set of R′VinylStilbeneOS compounds. The R′ = NH2 compound is then reacted with 3,5-dibromo or dinitrobenzoyl chloride to produce hexadecafunctional 3-D stars. These synthetic methods provide perfect single core and then core−shell 3-D stars including in the third generation branch points such that these molecules can be used for the synthesis of new dendrimers or hyperbranched molecules. Further, the first sets of materials are fully conjugated. Investigation of the UV−vis absorption, photoluminescence, and two-photon absorption properties of the R′VinylStilbeneOS compounds, especially where R′ = NH2, reveals exceptional red-shifts (120 nm), charge-transfer behavior, and excellent two-photon absorption properties that may suggest that the silica core serves the role of electron acceptor in the system and interacts equally with all eight organic moieties. This observation may imply 3-D conjugation through the core.
CHAPTER X (2010)

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Human Somatostatin Receptor Specificity of Backbone-Cyclic Analogues Containing Novel Sulfur Building Units (2002)

Somatostatin-14 (somatostatin) and its clinically available analogues octreotide, lanreotide, and vapreotide are potent inhibitors of growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon release. Recently, a novel backbone cyclic somatostatin analogue c(GABA-Phe-Trp-(D)Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-GlyC3-NH(2)) (analogue 1, PTR 3173) that possesses in vivo endocrine selectivity was described. This long-acting octapeptide exhibits high affinity to human recombinant somatostatin receptors (hsst) hsst2, hsst4, and hsst5. Its novel binding profile resulted in potent in vivo inhibition of growth hormone but not of insulin release. We report the synthesis, bioactivity, and structure-activity relationship studies of compounds related to 1. In these analogues, the lactam bridge of 1 was replaced by a backbone disulfide bridge. We present a novel approach for conformational constraint of peptides by utilizing sulfur-containing building units for on-resin backbone cyclization. These disulfide backbone cyclic analogues of 1 showed significant metabolic stability as tested in various enzyme mixtures. Receptor binding assays revealed different receptor selectivity profiles for these analogues in comparison to their prototype. It was found that analogues of 1, bearing a disulfide bridge, had increased selectivity to hsst2 and hsst5; however, they exhibited weaker affinity to hsst4 as compared to 1. These studies imply that ring chemistry, ring size, and ring position of the peptide template may affect the receptor binding selectivity.
Cyclopropanation of Unsaturated Compounds with Diazomethane Generated in situ: A New Efficient and Practical Route to Cyclopropane Derivatives (1992)

The synthesis of the title compounds is easily achieved by the Pd-catalysed cyclopropanation of unsaturated compounds with diazomethane generated in situ from N-methyl-N-nitrosourea–KOH in CH2Cl2–Et2O.