gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields perturb membrane phospholipids in T lymphoblasts (2004)

Nanosecond, megavolt-per-meter pulsed electric fields scramble the asymmetric arrangement of phospholipids in cell membranes without the permeabilization associated with longer, lower-field pulses. A single 30 ns, 2.5 MV/m pulse produces perturbations consistent with phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization in Jurkat T lymphoblasts within milliseconds, polarized in the direction of the applied field, indicating an immediate interaction between membrane components and the electric field. This disturbance occurs only at the anode pole of the cell, supporting the hypothesis that the pulsed field drives the negatively charged PS head group toward the positive electrode, directly providing the energy for crossing the membrane dielectric barrier.
Offsets for scheduling mode changes (2002)

In multi-moded real-time systems there may exist a different set of tasks per mode. During its mission, the system may switch to a new operating mode, which will involve completing running old-mode tasks and starting new-mode tasks. This represents a transient, bounded overload, which may not be schedulable unless some new-mode tasks are delayed until the old-mode load has decreased. Although this idea has already been proposed elsewhere, a method for obtaining the shortest offsets that make a transition schedulable has not yet been devised. The management of shared resources during the transition represents an added problem to tackle. This paper presents a new mode change protocol and an algorithm to calculate the necessary offsets to schedule mode changes according to a set of requirements and in the presence of shared resources.
A preliminary study of the effects of a reading improvement course on oral reading (1962)

Experimental evidence of the relative advantages and disadvantages of specific “techniques” in the field of broadcasting education is hard to find. For the most part, the training of announcers and other specialists is by example, not theory. However, there is no doubt that both professional and student can benefit from the results of careful research on the attributes and talents necessary for effective broadcasting. The following study offers strong indications that “fluffs” in reading aloud may be far less frequent after a course in silent reading.
Minimum-Energy LDPC Decoder for Real-Time Mobile Application (2007)

This paper presents a low-power real-time decoder that provides constant-time processing of each frame using dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. The design uses known capacity-approaching low-density parity-check (LDPC) code to contain data over fading channels. Real-time applications require guaranteed data rates. While conventional fixed-number of decoding-iteration schemes are not energy efficient for mobile devices, the proposed heuristic scheme pre-analyzes each received data frame to estimate the maximum number of necessary iterations for frame convergence. The results are then used to dynamically adjust decoder frequency. Energy use is then reduced appropriately by adjusting power supply voltage to minimum necessary for the given frequency. The resulting design provides a judicious trade-off between power consumption and error level
Isolation and activity of<i>Xenorhabdus</i>antimicrobial compounds against the plant pathogens<i>Erwinia amylovora</i>and<i>Phytophthora nicotianae</i> (2009)

Active compounds of two new Xenorhabdus species might control plant diseases caused by pathogens of great importance to agriculture such as Erw. amylovora and P. nicotianae.
CO<sub>2</sub> Capture Using Phase-Changing Sorbents (2012)

A novel method for the postcombustion capture of CO2 from coal-fired power plants has been described utilizing an aminosilicone absorbent. 1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldsiloxane (GAP-0) rapidly transforms from a low viscosity liquid to a friable solid upon exposure to CO2 in simulated flue gas. This material has excellent thermal stability, low vapor pressure, high CO2 loading capability, and a large dynamic CO2 capacity between rich and lean solvent loadings. Preliminary plant and process models assembled from experimental data show a decrease in parasitic energy loss from 30% to 18% when compared to the benchmark monoethanolamine (MEA) process and a concomitant lowering of the cost of electricity (COE) from 74% to 44% increase versus a plant without carbon capture.
High data rate wireless system solution: 60 GHz/5 GHz dual frequency operation (2002)

The data rate demand for wireless systems due to a variety of applications is permanently growing. To meet the increased demand a new generation of systems has to be targeted. Due to the common spectrum availability it is required to envisage possible solutions at frequencies in the higher microwave and lower MM-wave bands. However, possible future systems has to additionally provide features of utilising technologies having the prospective of being low cost in the near future, to provide easy backward capability to lower generation system and comprehensive interworking functionality. In this paper possible system solutions for future dual frequency 60 GHz/5 GHz systems are addressed, trying to give an answer for the major stated requirements. Both 60 GHz systems and 5 GHz systems (HIPERLAN II, IEEE 801.11a) are non-licensed systems having the potential for mass market introduction in the near future.
Intracranial gene delivery of LV‐NAGLU vector corrects neuropathology in murine MPS IIIB (2009)

Mucopolysacccharidosis (MPS) IIIB is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU). The disease is characterized by mild somatic features and severe neurological involvement with high mortality. Although several therapeutic approaches have been applied to the murine model of the disease, no effective therapy is available for patients. In this study, we used the lentiviral-NAGLU vector to deliver the functional human NAGLU gene into the brain of young adult MPS IIIB mice. We report the restoration of active enzyme with a sustained expression throughout a large portion of the brain, and a significantly improved behavioral performance of treated animals. Moreover, we analyzed the effect of therapy on the expression profile of some genes related to neurotrophic signaling molecules and inflammatory cytokines previously found altered in MPS IIIB mice. At 1 month from treatment, the level of cerebellin 1 (Cbln1) was decreased while the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) expression was increased, both reaching normal values. At 6 months from treatment a significant reduction in the expression of all the inflammation- and oxidative stress-related genes was observed, as well as the maintenance of the correction of the Bdnf gene expression. These results indicate that NAGLU delivery from intracerebral sources has the capacity to alleviate most disease manifestations in MPS IIIB mice; furthermore, Bdnf might be a response-to-therapy biomarker for MPS IIIB.
Incentive spirometry for tracheostomy and laryngectomy patients. (1995)

Sustained maximal inspiration (incentive spirometry) is used for the prevention and management of atelectasis in major abdominal and thoracic surgery. Patients with head and neck surgery are predisposed to postoperative disturbances in lung function after extensive surgical resection, immobilization, or significant chest wall deformity from various reconstructive procedures. The patient often requires tracheostomy or permanent laryngeal stoma. A prospective clinical study on patients with major head and neck surgery was conducted to evaluate the use of incentive spirometry to improve postoperative lung function. An adaptor was first designed to allow patients with tracheostomy tubes to use the spirometers. Parameters studied include vital signs, arterial blood gases (A-a gradient), and pulmonary function test. Significant improvement of lung function and lack of complication warrant the use of incentive spirometry in postoperative head and neck surgery patients.
<title>New spatial localizer based on fiber optics with applications in 3D ultrasound imaging</title> (2000)

Spatial localizers provide a reference coordinate system and make the tracking of various objects in 3D space feasible. A number of different spatial localizers are currently available. Several factors that determine the suitability of a position sensor for a specific clinical application are accuracy, ease of use, and robustness of performance when used in a clinical environment. In this paper, we present a new and low-cost sensor with performance unaffected by a the materials present in the operating environment. This new spatial localizer consists of a flexible tape with a number of fiber optic sensor along its length. The main idea is that we can obtain the position and orientation of the end of the tape with respect to its base. The end and base of the tape are locations along its length determined by the physical location of the fiber optic sensors. Using this tape, we tracked an ultrasound probe and formed 3D US data sets. In order to validate the geometric accuracy of those 3D data sets, we measured known volumes of water-filled balloons. Our results indicate that we can measure volumes with accuracy between 2-16 percent. Given the fact that the sensor is under further development and refinement, we expect that this sensor could be an accurate, cost-effective and robust alternative in many medical applications, e.g., image-guided surgery and 3D ultrasound imaging.
Preliminary safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics (PK) results of KN046 (bispecific anti-PD-L1/CTLA4) from a first-in-human study in subjects with advanced solid tumors. (2019)

2554 Background: KN046 is a novel bispecific antibody that blocks both PD-L1 interaction with PD1 and CTLA-4 interaction with CD80/CD86. KN046 has a wild type IgG1 Fc portion that preserves intact effector functions, such as depletion of T regs in tumor microenvironments. This first-in-human study evaluated the safety, tolerability, PK and preliminary efficacy of KN046 in subjects with advanced solid tumors. Methods: This traditional “3+3” dose-escalation design study enrolled patients (pts) with advanced unresectable or metastatic solid tumors refractory or intolerant to standard therapies. Previous treatment from PD1 or PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors was allowed. KN046 was administered intravenously Q2W. Dose limit toxicity (DLT) evaluation period is 28 days. The planned dose levels (DL) were 0.3, 1, 3, 5 and 10 mg/kg. Efficacy evaluation was performed by RECIST 1.1 every 8 weeks. Results: As of Dec 13, 2018, 10 pts had been enrolled (0.3 mg/kg, n = 1; 1 mg/kg, n = 3; 3 mg/kg, n = 3; and 5 mg/kg, n = 3). Median duration of treatment was 8 (range: 2-24) weeks. 1 DLT was observed at 5 mg/kg dose (a grade 3 immune-related hepatitis without elevation in total bilirubin; reversible in two weeks). The most common (≥30%) treatment-emergent AEs (TEAE) were Fatigue, Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting. Six immune-related TEAEs (Abdominal pain lower, Arthralgia, Hepatic function abnormal, Hyperthyroidism, Nausea and Transaminitis) were observed in 3 pts. One pt with NSCLC from 3 mg/kg cohort had confirmed completed response. Two pts (TNBC and nivolumab refractory RCC) from 1 mg/kg cohort had shown long-term stable disease ( > 12 weeks). Faster clearance of KN046 was observed at lower dose might be due to target-mediated clearance. T1/2 is approximately 7~9 days at doses of 3 mg/kg and above when saturation occurs. Conclusions: Single agent KN046 has an acceptable safety profile and is in line with previously reported safety data from other immune checkpoint inhibitors. Preliminary efficacy results are promising. PK data from initial 4 cohorts support Q2W schedule. The study is currently ongoing at dose level of 5 mg/kg Q2W. Clinical trial information: NCT03529526.
Swelling and sorption in polymer–CO<sub>2</sub> mixtures at elevated pressures (1987)

Abstract Experimental data on gas sorption and polymer swelling in glassy polymer—gas systems at elevated pressures are presented for CO 2 with polycarbonate, poly(methyl methacrylate), and polystyrene over a range of temperatures from 33 to 65°C and pressures up to 100 atm. The swelling and sorption behavior were found to depend on the occurrence of a glass transition for the polymer induced by the sorption of CO 2 . Two distinct types of swelling and sorption isotherms were measured. One isotherm is characterized by swelling and sorption that reach limiting values at elevated pressures. The other isotherm is characterized by swelling and sorption that continue to increase with pressure and a pressure effect on swelling that is somewhat greater than the effect of pressure on sorption. Glass transition pressures estimated from the experimental results for polystyrene with CO 2 are used to obtain the relationship between CO 2 solubility and the glass transition temperature for the polymer. This relationship is in very good agreement with a theoretical corresponding‐states correlation for glass transition temperatures of polystyrene‐liquid diluent mixtures.
Primal-dual based distributed algorithms for vertex cover with semi-hard capacities (2005)

In this paper we consider the weighted, capacitated vertex cover problem with hard capacities (capVC). Here, we are given an undirected graph G = (V, E), non-negative vertex weights wtv for all vertices v ∈ V, and node-capacities Bv ≥ 1 for all v ∈ V. A feasible solution to a given capVC instance consists of a vertex cover C ⊆ V. Each edge e ∈ E is assigned to one of its endpoints in C and the number of edges assigned to any vertex v ∈ C is at most Bv. The goal is to minimize the total weight of C. For a parameter ε > 0 we give a deterministic, distributed algorithm for the capVC problem that computes a vertex cover C of weight at most (2+ε) · opt where opt is the weight of a minimum-weight feasible solution to the given instance. The number of edges assigned to any node v ∈ C is at most (4 + ε) · B v. The running time of our algorithm is O(log(nW)/ε), where n is the number of nodes in the network and W = wtmax/wtmin is the ratio of largest to smallest weight. This result is complemented by a lower-bound saying that any distributed algorithm for capVC which requires a poly-logarithmic number of rounds is bound to violate the capacity constraints by a factor two. The main feature of the algorithm is that it is derived in a systematic fashion starting from a primal-dual sequential algorithm. Copyright 2005 ACM.
Synthesis of Novel Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) with High Performance via Effective Copolymerization of Ethylene with Bulky Cyclic Olefin (2012)

Novel cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) with high glass transition temperature, good mechanical performance, high transparency, and excellent film forming ability has been achieved in this work by effective copolymerization of ethylene and exo-1,4,4a,9,9a,10-hexahydro-9,10(1′,2′)-benzeno-l,4-methanoanthracene (HBMN). This bulky cyclic olefin comonomer can be simply prepared in good yield via Diels–Alder reaction. By utilizing constrained geometry catalyst (CGC) activated with Al(iBu)3/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], ethylene/HBMN copolymer can be obtained with excellent production, high molecular weight, and a wide range of HBMN incorporation. 13C NMR (DEPT) spectra reveal alternating ethylene–HBMN sequence can be detected at high HBMN incorporation. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of resulted copolymer enhances with increasing HBMN incorporation. A high Tg up to 207.0 °C is attainable at low comonomer incorporation of 30.4 mol %, which is 61 °C higher than that of commercial norbornene (NB)-derived COC (54 mol %). The tensile test indicates that the ethylene/HBMN copolymer has good mechanical performance which is more flexible than ethylene/NB copolymer and the previously reported COC even at a higher Tg level.
Gene Expression Analysis of the Function of the Male-Specific Lethal Complex in Drosophila (2005)

Dosage compensation refers to the equal expression of X-linked genes despite the difference in copy number between the two sexes. The male-specific lethal (MSL) complex is concentrated on the X chromosome in males. A gene expression assay for embryos was developed to examine the function of this complex. In mutant male embryos without either the MSL complex or MOF histone acetylase, dosage compensation is retained but autosomal expression is increased. Dosage compensation is lost in the double-mutant embryos. In embryos in which the MSL complex and MOF are targeted to the X chromosomes in females, the results are consistent with previous surveys showing that in general the X expression remains unchanged, but autosomal expression is reduced. Mutations in the ISWI chromatin-remodeling component cause increases specifically of X-linked genes in males. Thus, the function of the MSL complex in conjunction with ISWI is postulated to override the effect on gene expression of high histone acetylation on the male X. The basic determinant of dosage compensation is suggested to be an inverse dosage effect produced by an imbalance of transcription factors on the X vs. the autosomes. The sequestration of the MSL complex to the male X may have evolved to counteract a similar effect on the autosomes and to prevent an overexpression of the X chromosome in males that would otherwise occur due to the high levels of histone acetylation.
Experimental analysis of SOA-based 2R and 3R optical regeneration for future WDM networks (2002)

Summary form only given. The large scale deployment of all-optical wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks will require signal regeneration due to signal impairments occurring in transmission spans and optical switching nodes/cross-connects. A 2R regenerative interface for non-return to zero (NRZ) signals based on semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) has been proposed by Chiaroni et al. (1997), with clear demonstration of regenerative properties in the amplitude domain. In this paper, a 3R regenerative interface based on the same core structure is described. The core of these interfaces is composed of the association of a wavelength converter (WC) under cross-gain modulation (XGM-WC) and a wavelength converter under cross-phase modulation (XPM-WC), both operating in polarity-inverting mode. Basically, the role of the first WC is to convert power fluctuations into extinction ratio variations and to provide the second WC with a constant input power. The second converter is in turn mainly used to regenerate the extinction ratio thanks to its nonlinear transfer function. This interface in addition limits the accumulation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise.
Scoliosis Induced by Asymmetric Lordosis and Rotation (1997)

Intrinsic muscle imbalance in the spinal column of the experimental growing animal may produce scoliosis with characteristics similar to those of human idiopathic scoliosis.
Ligand Control in Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Bicyclic Hydrazines: Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening <i>versus</i> Hydroarylation (2008)

Abstract The efficient desymmetrization of 2,3‐bicyclic hydrazines with boronic acids through rhodium‐catalyzed ring‐opening or reductive arylation is described. Excellent levels of enantioselectivity are achieved in ring‐opening with ortho ‐substituted boronic acids, using Josiphos‐type ligands. Alternatively, reductive arylation occurs selectively with electron‐poor Josiphos and Walphos ligands. A CH activation/1,4‐migration mechanism was established through deuterium transfer experiments.
A novel bidirectional add/drop module using waveguide grating routers and wavelength channel matched fiber gratings (1999)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel bidirectional add/drop module for single-fiber bidirectional self-healing wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) ring networks. The key components of this module are waveguide grating routers (WGRs) and fiber gratings. Using two circulators, the bidirectional fiber link is transformed into two separated unidirectional transmission paths within the module. The module can operate in two different WDM schemes: nonoverlapping scheme and overlapping scheme. The feasibility of these operation schemes has been confirmed by the experimental results.
ENZYMATIC LYSIS OF RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS BY AEROSOL TRYPSIN (1952)

Viscid respiratory secretions unquestionably exert considerable adverse influence on the normal mechanism of bronchial cleansing. Indeed the virulence potentiating ability of sticky sputum, and specifically mucin, has been demonstrated by many investigators.<sup>1</sup>For many years crude preparations of trypsin have been used for the lysis of sputum prior to examination for acid-fast organisms.<sup>2</sup>In view of the laboratory and clinical studies of Reiser and associates<sup>3</sup>on the use of trypsin as a lytic agent in tuberculous empyema and other lesions, the present study was undertaken to determine the suitability of crystalline trypsin (tryptar®) for lysis of tenacious sputum within the tracheobronchial tree. <h3>PRELIMINARY LABORATORY STUDIES</h3> In vitro 50,000 units of crystalline trypsin produces a dramatically rapid liquefaction in 25 cc. samples of thick sputum obtained from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. The lysis is reflected by the decline in the sputum viscosity measured by a method devised
Fundamental Study on the Shape Separation of Particles in a Stationary Liquid with Centrifugal Effect: Effects of the Shape and Initial Orientation on Setting Characteristics of Particles (1993)

For the purpose of separation of particles differing in shape, the settling characteristics of a particle have been investigated in a stationary liquid with some centrifugal effect. Several kinds of irregularly shaped particles were settled through a viscous silicone oil at rest in a closed rectangular vessel rotated at lower speeds. The settling trajectories of a particle in the liquid were measured under the laminar flow region. When the initial settling orientations of each particle were set in a given direction, the radial settling displacements of a particle depended approximately on the particle shape, regardless of the size. A simple feeding method to make the initial settling orientation of particles uniform was found. The shape separation of particles might be performed by applying the feeding method to this field.
Measuring Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential by TMRE Staining (2016)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main source of energy for metabolism. Mitochondria provide the majority of this ATP by a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. This process involves active transfer of positively charged protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane resulting in a net internal negative charge, known as the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). The proton gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP by fusing adenosine diphosphate and free phosphate. The net negative charge across a healthy mitochondrion is maintained at approximately -180 mV, which can be detected by staining cells with positively charged dyes such as tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE). TMRE emits a red fluorescence that can be detected by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy and the level of TMRE fluorescence in stained cells can be used to determine whether mitochondria in a cell have high or low ΔΨm. Cytochrome c is essential for producing ΔΨm because it promotes the pumping the protons into the mitochondrial intermembrane space as it shuttles electrons from Complex III to Complex IV along the electron transport chain. Cytochrome c is released from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol during apoptosis. This impairs its ability to shuttle electrons between Complex III and Complex IV and results in rapid dissipation of ΔΨm. Loss of ΔΨm is therefore closely associated with cytochrome c release during apoptosis and is often used as a surrogate marker for cytochrome c release in cells.
CCCXCIX.—Pentanitroaniline (1928)

B. Flüescheim and E. L. Holmes, J. Chem. Soc., 1928, 3041 DOI: 10.1039/JR9280003041