gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Homologous Protein (CHOP) Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation (2006)

Differentiation of committed osteoblasts is controlled by complex activities involving signal transduction and gene expression, and Runx2 and Osterix function as master regulators for this process. Recently, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) have been reported to regulate osteogenesis in addition to adipogenesis. However, the roles of C/EBP transcription factors in the control of osteoblast differentiation have yet to be fully elucidated. Here we show that C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP; also known as C/EBPzeta) is expressed in bone as well as in mesenchymal progenitors and primary osteoblasts. Overexpression of CHOP reduces alkaline phosphatase activity in primary osteoblasts and suppresses the formation of calcified bone nodules. CHOP-deficient osteoblasts differentiate more strongly than their wild-type counterparts, suggesting that endogenous CHOP plays an important role in the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, endogenous CHOP induces differentiation of calvarial osteoblasts upon bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) treatment. CHOP forms heterodimers with C/EBPbeta and inhibits the DNA-binding activity as well as Runx2-binding activity of C/EBPbeta, leading to inhibition of osteocalcin gene transcription. These findings indicate that CHOP acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of C/EBPbeta and prevents osteoblast differentiation but promotes BMP signaling in a cell-type-dependent manner. Thus, endogenous CHOP may have dual roles in regulating osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
Thermal properties of wholly aromatic polyamides (1980)

Abstract Various wholly aromatic polyamides based on m ‐and p ‐phenylene diamines and isophthaloyl and terephthaloyl chloride have been synthesized and their thermal properties and oxygen index values have been studied. The effect of different substituents on the aromatic ring of the diamine have been explored by comparing their differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) behavior, their relative char yields at 700°C, and their oxygen indices. The Cl, NO 2 , and OH substituted polyamides have been found to produce the highest char yields. The high char yields are probably associated with crosslinking occurring at high temperatures. Attempts at correlating char yield with oxygen index indicated enhancement for the chlorosubstituted aramids.
Coupling of deterministically activated quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride to plasmonic surface lattice resonances (2019)

Cooperative phenomena stemming from radiation-field-mediated coupling between individual quantum emitters are presently attracting broad interest for on-chip photonic quantum memories and long-range entanglement. Common to these applications is the generation of electromagnetic modes over macroscopic distances. Much research, however, is still needed before such systems can be deployed in the form of practical devices, starting with the investigation of alternate physical platforms. Quantum emitters in two-dimensional (2D) systems provide an intriguing route because these materials can be adapted to arbitrarily shaped substrates to form hybrid systems where emitters are near-field-coupled to suitable optical modes. Here, we report a scalable coupling method allowing color center ensembles in a van der Waals material - hexagonal boron nitride - to couple to a delocalized high quality plasmonic surface lattice resonance. This type of architecture is promising for photonic applications, especially given the ability of the hexagonal boron nitride emitters to operate as single-photon sources at room temperature.
The <i>etr1‐2</i> mutation in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> affects the abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin metabolic pathways during maintenance of seed dormancy, moist‐chilling and germination (2005)

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the etr1-2 mutation confers dominant ethylene insensitivity and results in a greater proportion of mature seeds that exhibit dormancy compared with mature seeds of the wild-type. We investigated the impact of the etr1-2 mutation on other plant hormones by analyzing the profiles of four classes of plant hormones and their metabolites by HPLC-ESI/MS/MS in mature seeds of wild-type and etr1-2 plants. Hormone metabolites were analyzed in seeds imbibed immediately under germination conditions, in seeds subjected to a 7-day moist-chilling (stratification) period, and during germination/early post-germinative growth. Higher than wild-type levels of abscisic acid (ABA) appeared to contribute, at least in part, to the greater incidence of dormancy in mature seeds of etr1-2. The lower levels of abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE) in etr1-2 seeds compared with wild-type seeds under germination conditions (with and without moist-chilling treatments) suggest that reduced metabolism of ABA to ABA-GE likely contributed to the accumulation of ABA during germination in the mutant. The mutant seeds exhibited generally higher auxin levels and a large build-up of indole-3-aspartate when placed in germination conditions following moist-chilling. The mutant manifested increased levels of cytokinin glucosides through zeatin-O-glucosylation (Z-O-Glu). The resulting increase in Z-O-Glu was the largest and most consistent change associated with the ETR1 gene mutation. There were more gibberellins (GA) and at higher concentrations in the mutant than in wild-type. Our results suggest that ethylene signaling modulates the metabolism of all the other plant hormone pathways in seeds. Additionally, the hormone profiles of etr1-2 seed during germination suggest a requirement for higher than wild-type levels of GA to promote germination in the absence of a functional ethylene signaling pathway.
Calmodulin conformational changes in the activation of protein kinases (2002)

The conformation of Ca2+/calmodulin changes from extended when free in solution to compact when bound in peptide complexes. The extent and kinetics of calmodulin compaction in association with Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), as well as target peptides, were investigated by fluorescence, resonance energy transfer and stopped-flow kinetics. Compaction of Ca2+/calmodulin labelled with resonance energy-transfer probes in association with target peptides was rapid (>350 s(-1)). With the target enzymes smooth-muscle myosin light-chain kinase, CaMKIV and CaMKII, the rates of calmodulin compaction were one-two orders of magnitude lower compared with those of the peptides and in the case of alphaCaMKII, ATP binding and Thr(286) auto-phosphorylation were required for calmodulin compaction. In the absence of nucleotides, Ca2+/calmodulin bound to alphaCaMKII in extended conformations, initially probably attached by one lobe only. Kinetic data suggest that in the activation process of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, productive as well as unproductive complexes are formed. The formation of productive complexes with Ca2+/calmodulin thus may determine the rate of activation.
Hematocrit monitor (1989)

The purpose of this study is to determine experimentally the optimal incident visible wavelength and light detector angle that yields the maximal change in optical density between an arterial or venous Hct of 20% and 40%. A universal monochromator allows incident wave-lengths in 8-nm increments over the visible range to be selected for the incident beam and a motorized shuttle allows the two samples (Hct 20% and 40%) to be placed reproducibly between the incident beam and photodiode detector. Runs performed with the light detector at a 30 degree, 90 degree, and 180 degree angle from the incident light beam revealed the greatest change in optical density between an Hct of 20% and 40% to occur at 624 nm and 90 degrees independent of sample cell configuration, light source profile, or light detector profile. This experimentally determined optimal wavelength and angle are utilized in a fiberoptic biosensor to monitor Hct successfully in dogs undergoing surgical procedures.
Prognostic Significance of Somatic <i>RET</i> Oncogene Mutations in Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study (2007)

We demonstrated that the presence of a somatic RET mutation correlates with a worse outcome of MTC patients, not only for the highest probability to have persistence of the disease, but also for a lower survival rate in a long-term follow up. More interestingly, the presence of a somatic RET mutation correlates with the presence of lymph node metastases at diagnosis, which is a known bad prognostic factor for the definitive cure of MTC patients.
Increased tumor necrosis factor and IL-1 <i>beta</i> gene expression in the kidneys of mice with lupus nephritis. (1988)

Because TNF and IL-1 can initiate immunologic and inflammatory events alone or synergistically, a local increase in the levels of one or both of these cytokines in vivo may cause irreparable tissue damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate local TNF and IL-1 beta gene expression in vivo in the kidneys of MRL-Ipr mice with autoimmune lupus nephritis. TNF mRNA was detected in the renal cortex of MRL-Ipr mice but was not present in the cortex of normal congenic MRL-++ or C3H/FeJ mice. MRL-Ipr mice with lupus nephritis expressed higher amounts of TNF mRNA compared with MRL-Ipr mice prior to disease. In addition, freshly isolated, unstimulated glomeruli from MRL-Ipr mice with nephritis were found to secrete detectable levels of TNF, whereas glomeruli from MRL-++ mice did not. IL-1 beta mRNA, present in the renal cortex of C3H/FeJ, MRL-++, and young MRL-Ipr mice with normal kidneys, was also more abundantly expressed in MRL-Ipr mice with nephritis. Cultured macrophages from glomeruli of mice with nephritis were found to express TNF and IL-1 beta mRNA and product. These macrophages are prominent only in MRL-Ipr mice with renal disease and are the likely source of increased gene expression for both cytokines.
The arbiter-PUF with high uniqueness utilizing novel arbiter circuit with Delay-Time Measurement (2011)

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have been proposed to produce tamper-resistant device or create unique identifications of the secure systems. The conventional basic arbiter-PUF was fabricated with 0.18μm CMOS technology, and the uniqueness of generated multi-bit responses was evaluated. The uniqueness is inadequate than expected because some of multi-bit responses are never generated. In this study, we propose a novel arbiter-PUF utilizing a RG-DTM (Response Generation according to Delay Time Measurement) scheme. The uniqueness is evaluated by the standard deviation of the Hamming Distance distribution between generated 256-bit responses. The standard deviation on the proposed PUFs is greatly improved to 8.45 from 31 on the conventional PUFs.
A Graph Coloring Based Inter-Slice Resource Management for 5G Dynamic TDD RANs (2018)

This paper studies the notion of network slicing in the emerging 5G Time Division Duplex (TDD) networks, considering different applications with diverse service requirements. The proposed solution relies on flexible slicing considering the entire spectrum band, wherein service oriented slices can independently adopt and adjust an UL/DL ratio reflecting traffic conditions. To this end, this paper initially describes and analyses the inter-slice resource allocation problem taking into account different TDD patterns, the slice traffic load and the inter-node interference, which originates by multiple and diverse sources. In this context, a graph-based framework is proposed to reduce the complexity of the problem by decoupling it in two sub-problems: the selection of TDD patterns to find which links should be activated at particular time instances and accordingly perform graph-based resource allocation for all slice traffic collectively. Our performance evaluations show significant enhancements of the UL and DL throughput respectively.
Delay insensitive NCL reconfigurable logic (2003)

In an effort to design a delay insensitive reconfigurable logic device, Theseus Logic has developed a field programmable gate array based on the Atmel AT40K family of programmable logic devices. The asynchronous design techniques surrounding the use of null convention logic remove and/or restrict the need for a global clock network. The gates associated with the logic functions switch only when processing data, effectively reducing the system power, bus noise and electromagnetic interference. Since the FPGA is delay insensitive and power efficient, the number of devices used can be scaled according to implementation demands without impacting system integration. In addition, circuits of one design can be easily ported to others or the entire design can be converted to an application specific integrated circuit design flow without concern for timing closure problems. Using Theseus Logic's patented null convention logic as a means of expressing the logic functions within the FPGA's macrocells, a reconfigurable, delay insensitive, asynchronous digital implementation was achieved.
Evaluation of Agreement Between Numerical Rating Scales, Visual Analogue Scoring Scales, and Force Plate Gait Analysis in Dogs (2007)

Subjective lameness scoring scales may not accurately reflect lameness and do not replace force plate gait analysis. Observers must stay the same during the duration of a study for accurate analyses.
Electrical delay lines for digital computer applications (1953)

A survey of existing lumped parameter and distributed parameter delay lines has shown that their maximum. storage capacity is about 23 pulses and 15 pulses respectively regardless of total delay time. An analysis of pulse transmission through distributed delay lines indicates that dissipation in the inductive elements is the chief factor limiting storage capacity. A method is proposed for decreasing this dissipation through the use of high-Q nickel zinc ferrites around straight conductors for inductive elements.
3D holographic head mounted display using holographic optical elements with astigmatism aberration compensation (2015)

We propose a bar-type three-dimensional holographic head mounted display using two holographic optical elements. Conventional stereoscopic head mounted displays may suffer from eye fatigue because the images presented to each eye are two-dimensional ones, which causes mismatch between the accommodation and vergence responses of the eye. The proposed holographic head mounted display delivers three-dimensional holographic images to each eye, removing the eye fatigue problem. In this paper, we discuss the configuration of the bar-type waveguide head mounted displays and analyze the aberration caused by the non-symmetric diffraction angle of the holographic optical elements which are used as input and output couplers. Pre-distortion of the hologram is also proposed in the paper to compensate the aberration. The experimental results show that proposed head mounted display can present three-dimensional see-through holographic images to each eye with correct focus cues.
Sources of impulsive EMI in large server farms (2002)

Further research is reported on EMI in large server installations.[1] Data is presented from both staged events and server environments. The data confirms the presence of strong fields in the vicinity of servers. One unexpected source of EMI is reported. However, human activity is strongly correlated with the generation of EMI in most cases.
Creative Abuse in Time Stretching (2011)

An area of digital audio manipulation currently in flux is that of time stretching. Following the emergence of real-time granular synthesis as a compositional tool, early sampler-based implementations were pushed beyond ‘authenticity’ to create new timbres in the commercial music of the 1990s. As the algorithms improve, allowing more flexible and transparent implementation today, even more opportunities for a new ‘creative abuse’ exist.
This brief will firstly contextualize through consideration of the metaphor of authenticity in the tape recording of the 1940s and its soon-parallel abuse, which offered new pathways into multi-tracking and Musique Concrete. The brief will chronologize, then continue by examining potential for exploitation of stretching artifacts in some contemporary algorithms, and discuss a quantification of this effect.
Problems and techniques for removal of radon and radon-daughter products from mine atmospheres (1973)

Ventilation with fresh air has been, and will continue to be, the primary solution for controlling radon and radon-daughter activity in mines. However, procedures to make the ventilation process more effective and to reduce contamination have been proposed, such as sealing off of old workings, the use of coatings to reduce radon inflow, and mine pressurization. Air-cleaning techniques have proved successful in certain applications. For example, radon daughters can be removed by mechanical filtering and by electrostatic precipitation methods, both of which remove condensation nuclei to which radon daughters become attached. The radon gas that passes through continues to decay, but, in the absence of condensation nuclei, the daughters have large diffusion lengths and are trapped on the walls of air courses, thus inhibiting their growth. Radon gas has been successfully removed from air, although there are no known reports of this having been done in operating mines. It has been captured on activated charcoal and silica gel and chemically removed by reacting with a halogen fluoride and a metal fluoride. (auth)
A Defect Estimator for Source Code (2020)

An important issue faced during software development is to identify defects and the properties of those defects, if found, in a given source file. Determining defectiveness of source code assumes significance due to its implications on software development and maintenance cost. We present a novel system to estimate the presence of defects in source code and detect attributes of the possible defects, such as the severity of defects. The salient elements of our system are: (i) a dataset of newly introduced source code metrics, called PRO gramming CON struct (PROCON) metrics, and (ii) a novel M achine- L earning (ML)-based system, called D efect E stimator for S ource Co de (DESCo), that makes use of PROCON dataset for predicting defectiveness in a given scenario. The dataset was created by processing 30,400+ source files written in four popular programming languages, viz., C, C++, Java, and Python. The results of our experiments show that DESCo system outperforms one of the state-of-the-art methods with an improvement of 44.9%. To verify the correctness of our system, we compared the performance of 12 different ML algorithms with 50+ different combinations of their key parameters. Our system achieves the best results with SVM technique with a mean accuracy measure of 80.8%.
Integrating Windows streaming media technologies into a virtual classroom environment (2002)

This paper explores the integration of the Windows streaming media technologies into a virtual classroom environment. A set of authoring tools that is suitable for Web-based presentation has been developed on the platform of Microsoft Windows Media Service 4.0. Both live streaming and on-demand media productions are supported. For live streaming, a model is presented to implement virtual classroom presentation of audio and Web-based text/graphics material. A user-friendly application was designed to implement real-time media contents play-list control, while another was designed for lecturers to give presentations. Server-side switching is used to achieve switching between the lecture stream and background music/commercial stream. Moreover, scripting command technology is explored to improve the interactivity between the lecturer and the media contents. With specially designed Web pages, the Internet clients can view auto-refreshed slides and lecturer-guided slide highlights, which are synchronized with lecture audio, and interaction with Java applets running on the Web page.
Gettering in silicon (1989)

A series of gettering experiments have been carried out for a better understanding of gettering mechanism(s) in silicon. We find that oxidation and oxynitridation, which are known to inject silicon interstitials, do not getter metallic impurities such as Au, Cu, Fe, and Ni while phosphorus (P) diffusion does produce effective gettering of these metals. We also find from P diffusion, Ar ion implantation, and Ni film gettering performed as a function of temperature, there exists an optimum gettering temperature. From a comprehensive discussion of the existing models, we conclude that neither the enhanced metal solubility nor the silicon interstitial model explains our experimental results. Furthermore, it is shown that generation of dislocations is not a prerequisite for effective gettering. A model, based on the segregation of impurities at high temperatures and on the release/diffusion of metallic impurities at lower temperatures, is proposed to explain all of our results. A general form of the segregation coefficient has been developed using an extended concept of solid solubility.
TECRA Listeria Visual Immunoassay (TLVIA) for Detection of Listeria in Foods: Collaborative Study (1996)

Abstract A collaborative study involving 26 laboratories and 5 food types was performed to compare the TECRA Listeria Visual Immunoassay (TLVIA) with standard culture methods. Three foods (lettuce, ice cream, and fish fillets), under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and 2 foods (cooked chicken and cooked ground turkey), under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, were used to determine the effectiveness of the TLVIA. Of the 900 samples tested, 300 were inoculated with low levels (1-5 cells/25 g) of Listeria spp. and 300 were inoculated with high levels of Listeria spp. (10-50 cells/25 g). Method agreement between the conventional culture methods and TLVIA (visual) was 94.7%. Method agreement between the conventional culture methods and TLVIA (reader) was 93.6%. The colorimetric polyclonal enzyme immunoassay (TLVIA) for detection of Listeria in foods has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Conformational flexibility and molecular interactions of an archaeal homologue of the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome protein (2009)

It is suggested that functional interactions of SBDS proteins with their partners could be facilitated by rotational adjustments of the N-terminal and the C-terminal domains with respect to the central domain. Examination of the SBDS protein structure and domain movements together with its possible interaction with large ribosomal subunit proteins suggest that these proteins could participate in ribosome function.
System Architecture of a Driverless Electric Car in the Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge (2018)

This paper presents the complete system architecture of a connected driverless electric car designed to participate in the Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge 2016. One of the main goals of this challenge was to demonstrate the feasibility of multiple autonomous vehicles cooperating via wireless communications on public roads. Several complex cooperative scenarios were considered, including the merging of two lanes and cooperation at an intersection. We describe in some detail an implementation using the open-source PACPUS framework that successfully completed the different tasks in the challenge. Our description covers localization, mapping, perception, control, communication and the human-machine interface. Some experimental results recorded in real-time during the challenge are reported.