gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A cofactor‐dependent phosphoglycerate mutase homolog from <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> is actually a broad specificity phosphatase (2001)

The distribution of phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) activity in bacteria is complex, with some organisms possessing both a cofactor-dependent and a cofactor-independent PGM and others having only one of these enzymes. Although Bacillus species contain only a cofactor-independent PGM, genes homologous to those encoding cofactor-dependent PGMs have been detected in this group of bacteria, but in at least one case the encoded protein lacks significant PGM activity. Here we apply sequence analysis, molecular modeling, and enzymatic assays to the cofactor-dependent PGM homologs from B. stearothermophilus and B. subtilis, and show that these enzymes are phosphatases with broad substrate specificity. Homologs from other gram-positive bacteria are also likely to possess phosphatase activity. These studies clearly show that the exploration of genomic sequences through three-dimensional modeling is capable of producing useful predictions regarding function. However, significant methodological improvements will be needed before such analysis can be carried out automatically.
Comparison of the Properties of Ultrasonically and Mechanically Beaten Fibers (1977)

Several authors have described the ultrasonic beating of cellulosic fibers (1-4). These investigations have shown that stock consistency, sound frequency and intensity, time of treatment and extent of stirring influence the final paper properties of the fibers. These properties can differ considerably from those of mechanically beaten fibers, but the fundamental factors responsible for such differences are still not clear. This note describes some limited observations made during experiments in which we studied changes in fiber physical properties produced by sonication (5). The results, though not comprehensive, provide some elucidation of the mechanism of ultrasonic beating. Experimental. Bleached kraft pulp fibers from black spruce were irradiated in the previously described system (23 kHz, 10 W/cm2) (5) for 3 h at a consistency of 0.5%. Comparative mechanical beating was done in a Valley laboratory beater according to Tappi-standard T 200 ts-66. Both the ultrasonic and mechanical treatments were relatively mild. Thus
Human Tolerance to Rapidly Applied Accelerations: A Summary of the Literature (1959)

The literature is surveyed to determine human tolerance to rapidly applied accelerations. Pertinent human and animal experiments applicable to space flight and to crash impact forces are analyzed and discussed. These data are compared and presented on the basis of a trapezoidal pulse. The effects of body restraint and of acceleration direction, onset rate, and plateau duration on the maximum tolerable and survivable rapidly applied accelerations are shown. Results of the survey indicate that adequate torso and extremity restraint is the primary variable in tolerance to rapidly applied accelerations. The harness, or restraint system, must be arranged to transmit the major portion of the accelerating force directly to the pelvic structure and not via the vertebral column. When the conditions of adequate restraint have been met, then the other variables, direction, magnitude, and onset rate of rapidly applied accelerations, govern maximum tolerance and injury limits. The results also indicate that adequately stressed aft-faced passenger seats offer maximum complete body support with minimum objectionable harnessing. Such a seat, whether designed for 20-, 30-, or 40-G dynamic loading, would include lap strap, chest (axillary) strap, and winged-back seat to increase headward and lateral G protection, full-height integral head rest, arm rests (load-bearing) with recessed hand-holds and provisions to prevent arms from slipping either laterally or beyond the seat back, and leg support to keep the legs from being wedged under the seat. For crew members and others whose duties require forward-facing seats, maximum complete body support requires lap, shoulder, and thigh straps, lap-belt tie-down strap, and full-height seat back with integral head support.
Cytokines and growth factors in atherogenesis. (1992)

The development of laboratory techniques for the culturing of vascular endothelial and smooth-muscle cells during the 1970s, followed by the rapid advances in molecular and cell biology during the 1980s, provided the foundation for the identification of growth factor and cytokine networks involved in maintenance of the normal vasculature as well as participating in diverse pathologic processes involving blood vessels. Vascular cells can produce and respond to a vast array of biochemical messengers that control cell replication, differentiation, and many specific cell functions. Investigators are beginning to explore the changes in the patterns of messengers exchanged between the vascular cells and infiltrating leukocytes during the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. A variety of in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that growth factors and cytokines that mediate the critical processes of inflammation and wound healing also play a central role in vascular disease. Indeed, many view atherosclerosis as the result of excessive or prolonged chronic inflammation and wound healing in response to diverse injurious stimuli to cells of the vessel wall. Vascular injury may result from many varied and interacting forces, including nutritional and metabolic abnormalities such as hyperlipidemias or elevated homocysteine, mechanical forces associated with hypertension, exogenous toxins including those found in cigarette smoke, abnormally glycated proteins associated with diabetes mellitus, oxidatively modified lipids or proteins, and, possibly, viral infections. Ultimately, a greater understanding of the activated cytokine and growth factor networks within the vascular wall following injury and during atherogenesis will allow clinical scientists to identify steps susceptible to therapeutic intervention using recombinant cytokines, antibodies, soluble receptors, or receptor antagonists. Other therapeutic strategies may involve the transfection of specific genes, which may inhibit atherosclerosis, into vascular cells at sites prone to lesion formation.
Synthesis of Medicinally Interesting 2,4-Diamino-9<i>H</i>-pyrimido[4,5-<i>b</i>]indol-6-ols via Extension of the Nenitzescu Reaction (2004)

The title compounds 6 were prepared by a one-step procedure from 1,4-benzoquinone (1) and pyrimidine-2,4,6-triamines 2 via an extension of the Nenitzescu reaction. Formation of 9H-­pyrimido[4,5-b]indoles 6 can be calculated by 13C NMR values of C-5 of the pyrimidine-2,4,6-triamines 2.
Chewing gum and context‐dependent memory: The independent roles of chewing gum and mint flavour (2007)

Two experiments independently investigated the basis of the chewing gum induced context-dependent memory effect. At learning and/or recall, participants either chewed flavourless gum (Experiment 1) or received mint-flavoured strips (Experiment 2). No context-dependent memory effect was found with either flavourless gum or mint-flavoured strips, indicating that independently the contexts were insufficiently salient to induce the effect. This is found despite participants' subjective ratings indicating a perceived change in state following administration of flavourless gum or mint-flavoured strips. Additionally, some preliminary evidence for a non-additive facilitative effect of receiving gum or flavour at either learning and/or recall is reported. The findings raise further concerns regarding the robustness of the previously reported context-dependent memory effect with chewing gum.
The Design of Finite Impulse Response Digital Filters Using Linear Programming Techniques (1972)

In this paper it is shown how standard linear programming techniques can be applied to designing finite impulse response digital filters. Attention is concentrated on designing filters having exactly linear phase, and arbitrary magnitude response. The design method is illustrated by examples of the design of frequency sampling filters with constraints on in-band ripple, optimal filters where the passband and stopband cutoff frequencies may be specified exactly, and filters with simultaneous constraints on the time response and frequency response.
Harnessing Collective Intelligence to Address Global Climate Change (2007)

Global climate change, caused by human-generated greenhouse-gas emissions, is perhaps the most pressing and important problem currently facing humanity. It is also unique by virtue of being a truly systemic problem of vast complexity: it affects every one of us, and is directly affected by every one of our actions. Like nothing else, the climate crisis calls upon us to engage in effective collective decision making on a global scale.
Lymphoma in cotton-top marmosets after inoculation with Epstein-Barr virus: tumor incidence, histologic spectrum antibody responses, demonstration of viral DNA, and characterization of viruses. (1977)

6 of 20 cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) inoculated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) developed diffuse malignant lymphoma resembling reticulum cell or immunoblastic sarcoma of man. Hyperplastic lymphoreticular lesions were induced in three additional animals; in two instances the hyperplastic lesions regressed. Inapparent infection with development of antibody occured in eight animals. In two animals there was no evidence of EBV infection. One animal died in the first week after inoculation of parasitic infection. 10 animals uninoculated or mock-inoculated developed neither lymphoproliferative disease nor antibody. The malignant lymphoma appeared to arise from a cell with an uncleaved vesicular nucleus found in the center of the germinal follicle. The prominent cytologic features of this cell were extensive formation or rough endoplasmic reticulum and elaboration of the cytoplasmic membrane with microvilli. Cell lines derived from these tumors did not have receptors for complement. IgFc, or sheep erythrocytes, and the cell lines adhered to glass and plastic. EB nuclear antigen was found in imprints of two lymph nodes, one with lymphoma and one with hyperplasia. EB virus DNA was detected directly in the tumors of three animals and in cell lines from two lymphomas. Typical herpes virus particles were found in supernatant fluids from cell lines obtained from lymph nodes with tumors and hyperplasia, as well as in lines derived from blood leukocytes of marmosets with inapparent infection. These virus preparations had the biologic property characteristic of EBV, namely, stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis and immortalization of human lymphocytes. The virus derived from two cell lines was neutralized by reference human sera with EBV antibody and not by antibody-negative human sera. The virus derived from the experimental lesions is thus indistinghishable from human EBV. The marmoset has enhanced susceptibility to oncogenesis by EB virus. Among identified factors which may play a role in the heightened tumorigenicity of EB virus in this species are the increased production of virus by transformed cells and the absence of membrane receptors for complement or IgFc on transformed cells.
Design and characterization of mouse IgG1 and IgG2a bispecific antibodies for use in syngeneic models (2019)

The development of antibody therapeutics relies on animal models that accurately recapitulate disease biology. Syngeneic mouse models are increasingly used with new molecules to capture the biology of complex cancers and disease states, and to provide insight into the role of the immune system. The establishment of syngeneic mouse models requires the ability to generate surrogate mouse counterparts to antibodies designed for humans. In the field of bispecific antibodies, there remains a dearth of technologies available to generate native IgG-like mouse bispecific antibodies. Thus, we engineered a simple co-expression system for one-step purification of intact mouse IgG1 and IgG2a bispecific antibodies from any antibody pair. We demonstrated proof of concept with CD3/CD20 bispecific antibodies, which highlighted both the quality and efficacy of materials generated by this technology.
Chemotherapy of the transplantable acute leukemia L5222 in rats. (1975)

This study presents results of single-drug and combination chemotherapy of the transplantable acute leukemia L5222 in BD IX rats. In leukemia L5222 there is a direct relationship between the number of transplanted cells and mean life expectancy. After single-drug therapy with L-asparaginase, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside, daunomycin, 6-mercaptopurine, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) dihydrochloride, prednisolone, or vincristine, the best therapeutic effect was observed with BCNU and cyclophosphamide. A massive-dose therapy with BCNU repeated twice or a conbination of vincristine with cyclophosphamide or BCNU with cyclophosphamide yielded a high percentage of cures. Morever, leukemia L5222 seems to be suitable for studying the influence of drugs on the proliferation kinetics of leukemia cells.
A Bayesian Approach for Blind Separation of Sparse Sources (2006)

We present a Bayesian approach for blind separation of linear instantaneous mixtures of sources having a sparse representation in a given basis. The distributions of the coefficients of the sources in the basis are modeled by a Student t distribution, which can be expressed as a scale mixture of Gaussians, and a Gibbs sampler is derived to estimate the sources, the mixing matrix, the input noise variance and also the hyperparameters of the Student t distributions. The method allows for separation of underdetermined (more sources than sensors) noisy mixtures. Results are presented with audio signals using a modified discrete cosine transform basis and compared with a finite mixture of Gaussians prior approach. These results show the improved sound quality obtained with the Student t prior and the better robustness to mixing matrices close to singularity of the Markov chain Monte Carlo approach
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of 34-Sulfatobastadin 13, an Inhibitor of the Endothelin A Receptor, from a Marine Sponge of the Genus Ianthella (1993)

34-Sulfatobastadin 13 [1] was isolated from the sponge Ianthella sp. Its structure was elucidated by nmr techniques and chemical transformation to bastadin 13 [2]. Compound 1 weakly inhibited binding to the endothelin A receptor (ETA), while compound 2 inhibited growth of Bacillus subtilis.
Microwaves Treat Heart Disease (2007)

This article presents a historical case study that illustrates the long time it takes to get a particular microwave device into clinical use. Often, during the development of a concept and eventually its implementation, competing ideas prevail due to technical or financial constraints. In some cases, the original development results in devices developed in parallel or subsequently for other medical applications
Modern Techniques of Surface Science (1994)

This is a fully revised and expanded edition of a very successful and widely used book. It describes the physical basis of all the principal, and most of the more specialised, techniques currently employed in the study of well-characterised solid surfaces. The coverage of each technique, illustrated with selected examples, is underpinned by discussion of the relevant physical principles, and the complementary aspects of the various methods are also described. Throughout, the emphasis is on understanding the concepts involved, rather than on an exhaustive review of applications. The book will be of great use to final year undergraduate and postgraduate students in physics, chemistry and materials science. It will also be valuable to established researchers in any area of surface science concerned with the acquisition and analysis of experimental data.
SOME DERIVATIVES OF 3,4-PHENANTHRENEQUINONE (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSOME DERIVATIVES OF 3,4-PHENANTHRENEQUINONELouis Frederick FieserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 3, 940–952Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1929https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01378a046RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (875 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Mechanical properties of chemical vapor deposition-grown multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2005)

The bending modulus (Young’s modulus) of several chemical vapor deposition-grown multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs) have been measured using a vibrating reed technique. Three different precursors were used to produce MWNTs with differing densities of defects in the tube walls. Individual MWNTs were electrostatically driven in air over a dark-field light microscope and the bending modulus of the nanotubes was determined from the frequency of the first vibrational resonance. A correlation between the defect density and the bending modulus was found which implies that the bending modulus is relatively more sensitive to wall defects than the nanotube diameter.
Immunologic Responses to Vaccinia Vaccines Administered by Different Parenteral Routes (1997)

To develop a less reactogenic but equally immunogenic vaccine, this study of 91 human volunteers compared the safety and immunogenic potency of a new, cell culture-derived vaccinia virus vaccine administered intradermally and intramuscularly with the licensed vaccinia vaccine administered by scarification. Cutaneous pox lesions developed in a higher proportion of scarification vaccinees. Scarification and intradermal vaccine recipients who developed cutaneous pox lesions had more local reactions but also achieved significantly higher cell-mediated and neutralizing antibody responses than those who did not develop pox lesions. Although less reactogenic, intradermal or intramuscular administration of vaccinia vaccine without the concomitant development of a cutaneous pox lesion induced lower immune responses.
Mimetics of L-histidinol which selectively modulate daunomycin toxicity in normal and tumorigenic epithelial cells. (1997)

In the accompanying publication, it was shown that L-histidinol protected the normal Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line from daunomycin (DAU) toxicity, but enhanced DAU toxicity in MDCK-T1, a tumorigenic derivative of MDCK. The protection of MDCK cells from DAU by L-histidinol was also shown to be independent of its ability to inhibit protein synthesis. Here, clonogenic cell survival assays show that imidazole was as effective as L-histidinol in protecting MDCK cells from DAU, but had less impact on MDCK-T1 line. Certain antieicosanoids and antihistamines mimicked, to varying extents, the DAU-modulating action of L-histidinol. These data suggest that the selective modulation of DAU toxicity by L-histidinol involves both inhibition of protein synthesis and unknown action(s) attributable to its imidazole moiety and that other pharmacological agents are modulators of anticancer drug toxicity.
Activin A Decreases glucagon and arx Gene Expression in α-Cell Lines (2006)

Activin A is a potent growth and differentiation factor involved in development, differentiation, and physiological functions of the endocrine pancreas; it increases insulin and pax4 gene expression in beta-cells and can induce transdifferentiation of the exocrine acinar cell line AR42J into insulin-producing cells. We show here that Activin A decreases glucagon gene expression in the alpha-cell lines InR1G9 and alphaTC1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that the effect is blocked by Follistatin. This effect is also observed in adult human islets. Glucagon gene expression is inhibited at the transcriptional level by the Smad signaling pathway through the G3 DNA control element. Furthermore, Activin A decreases cell proliferation of InR1G9 and alphaTC1 cells as well as cyclin D2 and arx gene expression, whose protein product Arx has been shown to be critical for alpha-cell differentiation. Overexpression of Arx in Activin A-treated InR1G9 cells does not prevent the decrease in glucagon gene expression but corrects the inhibition of cell proliferation, indicating that Arx mediates the Activin A effects on the cell cycle. We conclude that Activin A has opposite effects on alpha-cells compared with beta-cells, a finding that may have relevance during pancreatic endocrine lineage specification and physiological function of the adult islets.
Modeling of a five-stranded coiled coil structure for the assembly domain of the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (1996)

The three-dimensional structure of the assembly domain of the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) has been modeled. The model demonstrates a parallel five-stranded coiled coil and fits well with a large amount of experimental data that describe the oligomerization state, the alpha-helical conformation, the helix directionality and the properties of the (abcdefg)n repeat sequence containing apolar residues at (a) and (d) positions. Comparison of the pentamer model with the known dimer, trimer, and tetramer coiled coils revealed interactions that could mediate the switch to the formation of the pentamer coiled coil. The most distinctive feature of the pentamer model involves ion pair interactions. Charged side chains of the pentamer can form (f-g), (f-b'), and (e-c') interhelical ion pairs, which are neither experimentally observed nor modeled in the di-, tri-, and tetramers. A polar glutamine residue could be adopted at an interior (d) position of the modeled structure due to the formation of a symmetrical network of buried hydrogen bonds between five such glutamines. The pentamer model contains an axial cavity that can accept water molecules. Conformational analysis was carried out in an attempt to determine the three-dimensional structure of the disulfide bonded C-terminal region of the pentamer. Recent data on crystallization of the COMP assembly domain (Efimov et al., Proteins 24:259-262, 1996) indicate that the prediction can be tested experimentally in the near future.
The Modern Social Contract between the Patient, the Healthcare Provider,and Digital Medicine (2014)

The practice of medicine is undergoing a transformational change in terms of science, technology, personalization, digitization, mobility and social media. At the vortex of these changes is data, generated analyzed and employed to develop, deliver, manage and predict aspects of health and disease. The fulcrum of change is the better resourced countries versus the less resourced countries grappling to stay in the fray. Global transformative medicine presents not only technical challenges to advancing medicine and targeting it to specific sub populations but ethical challenges as well. The greatest challenge, however, may well be how medicine and healthcare, both fundamentally reactive, will transform themselves to being proactive.