gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed Analog-digital Highly-sensitive Sensor Interface Circuit For Low-cost Microsensors (2005)

Rapidly emerging applications for microaccelerometer and microgyroscope position sensors require a major advance in stability and resolution. A highly sensitive, stable, and robust sensor interface circuit that can be applied to inertial navigation sensors is presented in this paper. The circuit can be applied to any fully-differential capacitive sensor or to a differential piezoresistive one. The high sensitivity is achieved by a double-sampling technique, compensating switch, and feedback method with a high loop gain. The charge injection by the MOS switches was reduced below the thermal noise level of the opamp. Resolution and stability levels of 10/sup -8/ with a supply variation of 10% are achieved.
Experiments on the Deformation of Ice (1952)

Abstract This paper describes compression tests at −1.5° C. on blocks of ice containing many small crystals in random orientation. Results show that ice does not possess a constant coefficient of viscosity, but obeys a more complicated relation between compressive stress u and strain rate . For the stress range 1.5–10 Kg. cm −2 this relation is approximately of the form , where n is a constant equal to about 4. A method of preparing small cylindrical single crystals of ice of a desired orientation is also described.
Adeno-associated virus replication. The effect of L-canavanine or a helper virus mutation on accumulation of viral capsids and progeny single-stranded DNA. (1981)

We have studied the relationship between adeno-associated virus (AAV) DNA replication and virus particle assembly. Formation of empty or full particles and accumulation of AAV capsid proteins was prevented in the presence of the arginine analogue, L-canavanine, or when a temperature-sensitive helper adenovirus was used at the nonpermissive temperature. In each case there was a concomitant inhibition of AAV single-stranded (progeny) DNA accumulation but little or no effect upon synthesis of AAV duplex, replicating form DNA. These results indicate that AAV protein, perhaps in the form of assembled capsids, is required for AAV single-stranded progeny DNA accumulation.
NAS parallel benchmark results (1993)

Benchmark results for the Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) Program at NASA Ames Research Center, which is dedicated to advancing the science of computational aerodynamics are presented. The benchmark performance results are for the Y-MP, Y-MO EL, and C-90 systems from Cray Research; the TC2000 from Bolt Baranek and Newman; the Gamma iPSC/860 from Intel; the CM-2, CM-200, and CM-5 from Thinking Machines; the CS-1 from Meiko Scientific; the MP-1 and MP-2 from MasPar Computer; and the KSR-1 from Kendall Square Research. The results for the MP-1 and -2, the KSR-1, and the CM-5 have not been published before. Many of the other results are improved from previous listings, reflecting improvements both in compilers and in implementations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improvement in the temperature characteristics of 630 nm band InGaAlP multiquantum-well laser diodes using a 15° misoriented substrate (1993)

InGaAlP multiquantum-well (MQW) laser diodes were prepared on a (100) GaAs substrate having a 15° misorientation towards the [011] direction. These laser diodes emitted at 632 nm and could operate up to 52°C, under CW conditions. The use of the misoriented substrate was found to improve the MQW heterointerfaces which subsequently enhanced the temperature characteristics of the laser.
Chemoenzymatische Synthesen von <scp>D</scp>‐ω‐Ureidoaminosäuren (1991)

D ‐Aminosäuren können durch Spaltung der korrespondierenden Hydantoine mit Agrobacterium‐radiobacter ‐Biomasse in sehr guten Ausbeuten bei hoher Enantioselektivität chemoenzymatisch hergestellt werden. Hierbei werden auch Hydantoine mit hochfunktionalisierten Seitenketten akzeptiert. Das Synthesekonzept wird am Beispiel von D ‐Citrullin 1 erläutert. magnified image
<i>Arabidopsis</i> DRB4, AGO1, AGO7, and RDR6 participate in a DCL4-initiated antiviral RNA silencing pathway negatively regulated by DCL1 (2008)

Plant RNA silencing machinery enlists four primary classes of proteins to achieve sequence-specific regulation of gene expression and mount an antiviral defense. These include Dicer-like ribonucleases (DCLs), Argonaute proteins (AGOs), dsRNA-binding proteins (DRBs), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs). Although at least four distinct endogenous RNA silencing pathways have been thoroughly characterized, a detailed understanding of the antiviral RNA silencing pathway is just emerging. In this report, we have examined the role of four DCLs, two AGOs, one DRB, and one RDR in controlling viral RNA accumulation in infected Arabidopsis plants by using a mutant virus lacking its silencing suppressor. Our results show that all four DCLs contribute to antiviral RNA silencing. We confirm previous reports implicating both DCL4 and DCL2 in this process and establish a minor role for DCL3. Surprisingly, we found that DCL1 represses antiviral RNA silencing through negatively regulating the expression of DCL4 and DCL3. We also implicate DRB4 in antiviral RNA silencing. Finally, we show that both AGO1 and AGO7 function to ensure efficient clearance of viral RNAs and establish that AGO1 is capable of targeting viral RNAs with more compact structures, whereas AGO7 and RDR6 favor less structured RNA targets. Our results resolve several key steps in the antiviral RNA silencing pathway and provide a basis for further in-depth analysis.
Global Structure and Dynamics of Human Apolipoprotein CII in Complex with Micelles:  Evidence for Increased Mobility of the Helix Involved in the Activation of Lipoprotein Lipase<sup>,</sup> (2003)

Apolipoprotein CII (apoCII), a surface constituent of plasma lipoproteins, is the activator for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and is therefore central for lipid transport in blood. The three-dimensional structure of (13)C-, (15)N-enriched human full-length apoCII in complex with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles is reported. In addition to the structure determination, (15)N-relaxation measurements have been performed at two magnetic fields to characterize the dynamics of the backbone of apoCII in the complex. The relaxation data also provided global structural constraints, viz. the orientation of helices in the complex. In addition, global constraints were derived from the fact that apoCII helices are attached to the surface of the SDS micelle and that the hydrophobic moments of each helix faces the interior of the micelle. These three categories of global constraints, together with the local classical NMR constraints, were sufficient to define the 3D structure of the apoCII-SDS micelle complex. To our knowledge, this presents the first example in which the global structure of a protein-SDS micelle complex has been determined. The C-terminal helix of apoCII is known to be responsible for the activation of LPL. This helix is distinguished from the other helices by a higher degree of internal motion on the nanosecond time scale as shown by the relaxation data. The overall structure and the internal dynamics, combined with previous mutation data, give important clues toward a possible mechanism for the activation of LPL by apoCII.
Design considerations for space-based radar phased arrays (2005)

Space based radar (SBR) is being considered as a means to provide persistent global surveillance. In order to be effective, the SBR system must be capable of high area coverage rates, low minimum detectable velocities (MDV), accurate geolocation, high range resolution, and robustness against electronic interference. These objectives will impose challenging requirements on the antenna array, including wide-angle electronic scanning, wide instantaneous bandwidth, large power-aperture product, low sidelobe radiation patterns, lightweight deployable structures, multiple array phase centers, and adaptive pattern synthesis. This paper discusses key enabling technologies for low earth orbit (LEO) SBR arrays including high efficiency transmit/receive modules and multilayer tile architectures, and the parametric influence of array design variables on the SBR system.
The Preparation of <i>trans</i>‐N‐Acyl, N‐alkyl‐1‐amino‐1,3‐butadienes. Preliminary communication (1975)

Abstract In der vorliegenden Mitteilung wird erstmals ein Zugang zu trans ‐N‐Acyl,N‐alkyl‐1‐amino‐1,3‐butadienen 4 , sowie zu trans ‐N‐Acyl, N‐aryl‐1‐amino‐1,3‐butadienen 4 beschrieben. Deprotonierung von N‐substituierten 1‐Imino‐2‐butenen 2 führt vermutlich zu den nicht isolierten delokalisierten Anionen 3 , die anschliessend regioselektiv am Stickstoffatom acyliert werden.
Gain control in erbium-doped fibre amplifiers by an all-optical feedback loop (1991)

An all-optical feedback loop is demonstrated which effectively suppresses slow, signal-induced gain fluctuations in Er-doped fibre amplifers (EDFAs). Gain control is achieved by operating the amplifier in a ring-laser configuration. The working principle is shown theoretically and experimentally by coupling a selected wavelength of the ASE at the output of the EDFA back to the input. Such a feedback loop, which can be fabricated out of all-fibre passive components, could be easily implemented in any system using EDFAs.
Endogenous benzodiazepine-like compounds and diazepam binding inhibitor in serum of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without overt encephalopathy (1998)

Endogenous benzodiazepines may accumulate in patients with liver cirrhosis during the course of the disease, and the phenomenon appears to be independent of the presence or absence of encephalopathy.
Mechanism of ligustrazini against thrombosis. (2000)

Ligustrazini inhibited both basal and LPS-induced PAI-1 protein and mRNA expression in endothelial cells, and the modulation of PAI-1 in HUVECs by ligustrazini might have other mechanisms rather than NF-kB pathway.
Neurovascular relationships in the posterior cranial fossa, with special reference to trigeminal neuralgia. 1. Review of the literature and development of a new method of vascular injection-filling in cadaveric controls (1997)

Vascular compression of cranial nerves adjacent to the brain stem has been implicated in a wide variety of disorders affecting their function. The considerable conflicts in published results relate primarily to flaws in study design. The design required of an adequate study is defined and a technique is presented, in 16 fresh human cadavers, of reliable and physiological injection-filling of both the cerebral arterial and venous systems. It allowed for the accurate observation of the normal neurovascular relationships in the posterior cranial fossa during operative simulation. Part 2 of this article concerns the use of this design in the study of trigeminal neuralgia, a disorder thought to relate to vascular compression of the fifth cranial nerve. Clin. Anat. 10:371–379, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Thermography of the Human Body (1963)

Human skin is an almost perfect emitter of infrared radiation in the spectral region beyond 3 microns. This energy may be recorded as a thermogram to yield a quantitative temperature map of the skin. If the nude subject has remained quiet in a cool room for 10 to 15 minutes prior to thermography, the skin temperatures are determined largely by the vascularity of the skin itself and by the heat conducted from within the body. Since, under these conditions, the contrasts which appear arise essentially from the internal sources of heat, the resulting thermograms yield information concerning certain pathological conditions within the body (16).
Quantum-confined direct band transitions in tensile strained Ge/SiGe quantum wells on silicon substrates (2010)

We directly demonstrate quantum-confined direct band transitions in the tensile strained Ge/SiGe multiple quantum wells grown on silicon substrates by room temperature photoluminescence. The tensile strained Ge/SiGe multiple quantum wells with various thicknesses of Ge well layers are grown on silicon substrates with a low temperature Ge buffer layer by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition. The strain status, crystallographic, and surface morphology are systematically characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. It is indicated that the photoluminescence peak energy of the tensile strained Ge/SiGe quantum wells shifts to higher energy with the reduction in thickness of Ge well layers. This blue shift of the luminescence peak energy can be quantitatively explained by the direct band transitions due to the quantum confinement effect at the Gamma point of the conduction band.
Eigenmodes of a Symmetric Cylindrical Confocal Laser Resonator and Their Perturbation by Output-Coupling Apertures (1965)

Using a numerical technique which is different from the iteration method of Fox and Li and which is more suitable for the analysis of high-order modes, we have calculated the diffraction losses and the field distributions at the reflectors of the low-loss modes of a symmetric confocal resonator for Fresnel numbers 0.6 ≦ N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> ≦ 2.0. We have also computed the modifications which result when the two end reflectors are perturbed by circular output-coupling apertures centered on the cavity axis. For a range of small but useful aperture Fresnel numbers N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> the aperture diffraction losses can be estimated by first-order perturbation theory from the finite-N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> results appropriate to N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> &equal; 0. Such estimates fail for those larger Fresnel numbers N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> for which the mode intensity patterns are significantly distorted at the reflectors by the finite coupling apertures.
Investigation of a Novel Diamond Disk's Effect on Pad Topography in Oxide Chemical Mechanical Polishing (2010)

Polishing pads become glazed due to the accumulation of debris during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) processes. Hence, the wafer removal rate is reduced. A pad conditioner or diamond disk must be frequently employed to restore the pad surface texture. Traditional diamond disks are prepared by adhering similar types of diamond grit to a flat substrate. In these cases, the diamond tips have different heights due to difficulties in controlling the levels of such large amounts of diamond grit. In this study, a new combined diamond disk is designed and manufactured to significantly improve the leveling of diamond tips, thereby reducing the amount of diamond grit. The proposed combined diamond disk incorporates two types of diamond grit (blocky and sharp) distributed across the entire disk surface. Such a combined diamond disk enables the manufacturer to tightly control diamond leveling and, moreover, reduces the number of diamond pieces by more than a factor of two. Experimental results reveal that that the removal rate correlates well with variations in force. The combined diamond disk provides a higher polishing rate and better uniformity while consuming less pad material. The pad lifetime is expected to be prolonged, and this consequently lowers the operational costs of the CMP process.
A rapid method for computationally inferring transcriptome coverage and microarray sensitivity (2004)

We estimate the transcriptome coverage by randomly sampling transcripts from a pre-defined tag-to-gene mapping function. For a given microarray experiment, we locate the thresholds in intensities that define the distribution of transcript abundance. These values are compared against the distribution obtained by applying the same thresholds to the intensities from differentially expressed genes. The ratio of these two distributions meets at the equilibrium defining sensitivity. We conclude that a collection of approximately 340,000 sequences is adequate for microarrays, but not large enough for maximum utilization of tag-based technologies. In the absence of large-scale sequencing, the majority of the tags detected by the latter approaches will remain unidentified until the genome sequence is available.
Applications of Graphene in Mass Spectrometry (2014)

This paper reviews the up-to-date research about the applications of graphene and its related materials in the field of mass spectrometry (MS). Due to its large surface area, delocalized pi-electrons, thermal conductivity, stability and rich interaction chemistry, graphene has been widely used in MS-based analytical chemistry. Graphene-based materials were applied as very effective matrixes or surfaces for many kinds of organic molecules in laser desorption/ionization (LDI) MS analysis. Many advantages of this novel matrix have been proved, which included: low interference ions from matrix itself, good reproducibility, high salt tolerance and so on. The unique properties of graphene also make it a superior sorbent used in solid-phase extraction (SPE). Further development of online SPE methods based on graphene coupling directly with LDI-MS, GC-MS and LC-MS greatly simplifies the MS-based analytical procedure for complex samples and makes the corresponding high-throughput and automatic analysis performable. Their applications as a platform in proteolysis for the rapid identification of proteins have been also developed. In addition, graphene was found to be a unique precursor for the generation of large-sized carbon cluster anions in the gas phase. Finally, the possible challenges and future perspectives in their applications in MS are discussed too.
FMRI Effective Connectivity and TMS Chronometry: Complementary Accounts of Causality in the Visuospatial Judgment Network (2009)

The findings that fMRI EC could successfully localize functionally relevant TMS target regions on the single subject level, and conversely, that TMS confirmed an fMRI EC identified functional network to be behaviorally relevant, have important methodological and theoretical implications. Our results, in combination with data from earlier studies by our group (Sack et al., 2007, Cerebral Cortex), lead to informed speculations on complex brain mechanisms, and TMS disruption thereof, underlying visuospatial judgment. This first in-depth empirical and conceptual comparison of fMRI EC and TMS chronometry thereby shows the complementary insights offered by the two methods.
Image Companding and Inverse Halftoning using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

In this paper, we introduce deep learning technology to tackle two traditional low-level image processing problems, companding and inverse halftoning. We make two main contributions. First, to the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first work that has successfully developed deep learning based solutions to these two traditional low-level image processing problems. This not only introduces new methods to tackle well-known image processing problems but also demonstrates the power of deep learning in solving traditional signal processing problems. Second, we have developed an effective deep learning algorithm based on insights into the properties of visual quality of images and the internal representation properties of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). We train a deep CNN as a nonlinear transformation function to map a low bit depth image to higher bit depth or from a halftone image to a continuous tone image. We also employ another pretrained deep CNN as a feature extractor to derive visually important features to construct the objective function for the training of the mapping CNN. We present experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new deep learning based solutions.
Stability of two-dimensional recursive filters (1972)

We discuss some aspects of the stability problem in two-dimensional recursive filtering. In particular, we derive a simplified version of a stability theorem due to Shanks and show that it is equivalent to some results of Ansell. We also give several examples of stability tests and pose a few unsolved problems.
Surface studies by optical second harmonic generation: An overview (1985)

Optical second harmonic generation for surface and interface studies is briefly reviewed, with numerous examples illustrating how powerful and versatile this new surface analytical technique can be.
Versatile and multivalent nanobodies efficiently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Cost-effective, efficacious therapeutics are urgently needed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we used camelid immunization and proteomics to identify a large repertoire of highly potent neutralizing nanobodies (Nbs) to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). We discovered Nbs with picomolar to femtomolar affinities that inhibit viral infection at concentrations below the nanograms-per-milliliter level, and we determined a structure of one of the most potent Nbs in complex with the RBD. Structural proteomics and integrative modeling revealed multiple distinct and nonoverlapping epitopes and indicated an array of potential neutralization mechanisms. We bioengineered multivalent Nb constructs that achieved ultrahigh neutralization potency (half-maximal inhibitory concentration as low as 0.058 ng/ml) and may prevent mutational escape. These thermostable Nbs can be rapidly produced in bulk from microbes and resist lyophilization and aerosolization.
Enhanced mitotic recombination in a ligase-defective mutant of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1979)

The temperature-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle mutant cdc9 is defective in DNA ligase, and the DNA synthesized at the restrictive temperature contains many single-strand breaks. We find that holding a diploid homozygous for cdc9 at the restrictive temperature and then plating cells at the permissive temperature gives rise to increased intragenic and intergenic recombination. In the latter case, recombinants signaled by the ade2 locus rise to about 4% of the survivors after 6 hr of incubation at the restrictive temperature. We propose that the single-strand breaks left in DNA synthesized at the restrictive temperature may lead to recombination.
Ellipsometric microscopy. Imaging monomolecular surfactant layers at the air-water interface (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEllipsometric microscopy. Imaging monomolecular surfactant layers at the air-water interfaceR. Reiter, H. Motschmann, H. Orendi, A. Nemetz, and W. KnollCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 7, 1784–1788Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00043a017https://doi.org/10.1021/la00043a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views477Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts