gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient supersonic chemical oxygen — iodine laser with a chlorine flow rate of 10 mmol s<sup>-1</sup> (1997)

An experimental parametric investigation was made of a compact supersonic chemical oxygen — iodine laser. The output power of the laser was increased by displacing the point where iodine vapour was added to singlet oxygen from the subsonic to the transonic region of gas flow and by cooling of nitrogen. The output power was 200 W for a Mach number 1.5 in the cavity when the chlorine flow rate was 10 mmol s-1. An increase of the flow rates of all the gases and of the pressure in the singlet-oxygen generator by a factor of 1.6 resulted, when the other conditions were kept constant, in a proportional increase in the laser output power. An estimate of the chemical efficiency was in good agreement with the experimental value of 22%.
Role of Collagen Type II and Perlecan in Skeletal Development (2003)

The cartilage extracellular matrix is composed of a dense collagen network that entraps a range of other specialized proteins important for the proper formation and function of the tissue. Loss of two abundant cartilage components, type II collagen and perlecan, has drastic effects on skeletal development. Both collagen II and perlecan mutants have severe and lethal chondrodysplasia characterized by disorganized growth plate, lack of collagen network, defective endochondral bone formation, and abnormal intervertebral disk development. To test whether the reduced collagen density in the perlecan-null cartilage is due to enhanced activity of collagen-degrading proteinases, we have analyzed gelatinase expression and activity in the mutant tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a weak, but clear, expansion of MMP-9 deposition into the hypertrophic zone of the perlecan-null growth plate. However, in situ and SDS-PAGE zymography showed that the activity of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) is not altered in perlecan-null cartilage, suggesting that they are not primarily linked to the reduced fibrillar network observed in the mutant. Likewise, intercrossing of perlecan mutants onto an MMP-9-null background could not rescue the ultrastructural abnormalities of the perlecan-deficient cartilage.
Role Mining Using Boolean Matrix Decomposition with Hierarchy (2013)

With the increasing adoption of role-based access control (RBAC) in business security, how to apply role mining technology to aid the process of migrating a non-RBAC system to a RBAC system has become an important problem. Numerous approaches have been proposed to use data mining techniques to discover the roles. However, the Boolean matrix decomposition is still little used in role mining, because Boolean matrix decomposition without hierarchy can not express the hierarchical relationships of the RBAC model. In this paper, we propose a new method of Boolean matrix decomposition which can clearly express the hierarchical relationships of the RBAC model. Then, we introduce the cost-utility analysis method in economics to guide the role mining. Our optimization goal is not only to minimize the administration costs, but also to maximize the utility of RBAC configuration in the meanwhile. We further propose a heuristic algorithm to find the optimal solution with the Boolean matrix decomposition. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Path energy weight: A global energy-aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (2010)

Recent development in the field of Wireless communications and electronics has enabled the deployment of Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) in an expanding variety of applications. Significantly, wireless communications have demonstrated profound significance in a variety of applications ranging from military to health applications and from home to industry. In WSNs, a major goal is conserving the sensor nodes' energy and thus maximizing the network lifetime. Several energy efficient routing protocols have been proposed in the literature. However, in these protocols, a path is selected based on the local energy view of a sensor node. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient routing protocol that selects a communication path based on the global energy view of the network. The path selection criterion is based on an energy-weight function to reflect how balanced is the energy distribution among all nodes along the path. The energy weight function estimates the energy weight of different paths and the communication path with the best energy weight is selected. Simulation results indicate clearly that compared to the routing protocol in, our proposed protocol distributes the energy consumption evenly among the network nodes and thus maximizes the network life time.
Self-activity in lanthanum halides (2005)

Scintillators fabricated from lanthanum halides, specifically cerium-activated lanthanum bromide (LaBr/sub 3/ [Ce]) and lanthanum chloride (LaCl/sub 3/ [Ce]), have been shown to exhibit energy resolution far superior to that for thallium-activated sodium iodide. The high resolution, high Z, and high density (LaBr/sub 3/ 5.29 g/cm/sup 3/ and LaCl/sub 3/ 3.79 g/cm/sup 3/) of these materials hold out the prospect of use for building superior room-temperature, hand-held identification instruments. Recently attention has been devoted to investigating the practical issues connected with the use of these new scintillators. These efforts include attempts to increase the size of the crystals, optimize the Ce dopant concentration, and evaluate the properties of detectors fabricated from existing material. A negative outcome in the property evaluation has been the observation of self-activity, e.g., between 1.7 and 2.7 MeV for LaCl/sub 3/. This paper reports on efforts to characterize the use of lanthanum halides for identification including measurements of self-activity and presents a discussion of implications for the minimum detectable activity.
Assay of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, the components of Augmentin, in biological fluids with high-performance liquid chromatography (1982)

Augmentin is a new antibacterial formulation comprised of amoxicillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. In the present paper, the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to provide a rapid assay of the components of Augmentin in body fluids is described. Clavulanic acid was assayed by reacting the sample with imidazole, which readily produces a derivative absorbing at 311 nm. This derivative chromatographs on reverse-phase HPLC columns clear of interfering components in both human serum and urine. Concentrations of clavulanic acid as low as 0.1 microgram/ml were readily detectable in human serum with this procedure. There was no interference from amoxicillin, amoxicillin penicilloic acid, or the acid and alkali degradation products of clavulanic acid when this assay system was used. Amoxicillin in body fluids was assayed directly by HPLC without derivatization. The same chromatographic conditions were employed for the assay of amoxicillin and the clavulanic acid derivative, simplifying the methodology. Amoxicillin, however, was determined of the antibiotic per ml. An alkali blanking procedure for amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is also described which allows the detection of any underlying peaks which may cochromatograph. The use of ultrafiltration to remove protein from serum samples before HPLC was successfully applied to the assay of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin. Ultrafiltration is not an essential procedure for these assays, but it prolongs column life and reduces interference in the amoxicillin assay. Results obtained by HPLC were compared with those obtained by using microbiological assays.
Genetic immunization and comprehensive screening approaches in HLA‐A2 transgenic mice lead to the identification of three novel epitopes in hepatitis C virus NS3 antigen (2004)

Interferon-gamma (IFN gamma)-producing CD8+ T cells have been shown to play a key role in the control or eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. In particular, T cells specific of the non-structural protein 3 (NS3) are often associated with control of viremia. The aim of the study was to identify novel HLA-A2 restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes specific of NS3 using a combination of comprehensive approaches. HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice were immunized with a DNA vaccine optimized for NS3 specific epitope presentation and induced CD8+ T cell reactivity was screened using 42 algorithm-predicted peptides as well as a library of 78 overlapping 15-mer peptides spanning the whole protein. Three epitopes mapping within the NS3 protease (GLL: aa 1038-1047) or helicase (ATL: aa 1260-1268 and TLH: aa 1617-1625) were identified. These epitopes, which display similar and high in vitro binding capacities to soluble HLA-A2 molecules, are able to induce either cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and/or IFN gamma-producing T cells. Comparative in vitro target cell sensitization studies revealed a higher immunogenicity of the GLL peptide as compared with both ATL and TLH peptides. This peptide was capable to recall in vitro HCV-specific IFN gamma and IL-10-producing T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of chronically infected patients. These data increase the pool of NS3-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes available to analyze HCV associated immunity and could contribute to the design and evaluation of candidate vaccines.
Efficient Filtering and Clustering Methods for Temporal Video Segmentation and Visual Summarization (1998)

Automatic temporal segmentation and visual summary generation methods that require minimal user interaction are key requirements in video information management systems. Clustering presents an ideal method for achieving these goals, as it allows direct integration of multiple information sources. This paper proposes a clustering-based framework to achieve these tasks automatically and with a minimum of user-defined parameters. The use of multiple frame difference features and short-time techniques are presented for efficient detection of cut-type shot boundaries. Generic temporal filtering methods are used to process the signals used in shot boundary detection, resulting in better suppression of false alarms. Clustering is also extended to the key frame extraction problem: Color-based shot representations are provided by average and intersection histograms, which are then used in a clustering scheme to identify reference key frames within each slot. The technique achieves good compaction with a minimum number of visually nonredundant key frames.
Identification of a DNA binding protein that recognizes the nonamer recombinational signal sequence of immunoglobulin genes. (1987)

Extracts of nuclei from B- and T-lymphoid cells contain a protein that binds specifically to the conserved nonamer DNA sequence within the recombinational signals of immunoglobulin genes. Complexes with DNA fragments from four kappa light-chain joining (J) segments have the same electrophoretic mobility. Nonamer-containing DNA fragments from heavy-chain and light-chain genes compete for binding. Within the 5'-flanking DNA of the J kappa 4 gene segment, the binding site has been localized to a 27-base-pair interval spanning the nonamer region. The binding activity is recovered as a single peak after ion-exchange chromatography. The site of binding of the protein and its presence in nuclei of lymphoid cells suggest that it may function in the assembly of immunoglobulin genes.
Automatisation du pilotage au sol pour la navigation aéroportuaire (2004)

This PhD study concerns the aircraft-on-ground control for airport navigation. It has been made by Jean Duprez and has been supported by a CIFRE agreement between Airbus France and the LAAS - CNRS. This work is linked with different studies concerning the navigation, guidance and control to improve the aircraft motion on the airports network. It aims to ease ground handling by proposing and assessing different control laws for civilian transportation aircraft. These control laws goal is to reduce pilot workload while using the actuators in a more optimal manner. Aircraft-on-ground motion will then be more precise and safer and thus, will lead to a potential reduction of the taxiing duration. This study concerns 4 main research axis : - the aircraft-on-ground modelling, including the associated sub-systems (engines, steering and breaking systems, tires, etc.) ; - the non-linear control theory (first order control, non-linear inverse control, backstepping, sliding mode control) ; - the study of an aircraft-on-ground longitudinal control law, to allow whether speed or acceleration control, using the breaking system and the engines ; - the study of an aircraft-on-ground lateral control law, to allow the aircraft trajectory control (through adapted criterions), using rudder deflection and the steering system. The proposed results are manly based on the non-linear inverse control and on actuator supervision algorithms. They mix theoretical control methodologies and specific control law adaptations to deal with the practical constraints of such application.
A Cytosolic ATM/NEMO/RIP1 Complex Recruits TAK1 To Mediate the NF-κB and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/MAPK-Activated Protein 2 Responses to DNA Damage (2011)

In multiple tumor types, activation of the transcription factor NF-κB increases the resistance of tumor cells to anticancer therapies and contributes to tumor progression. Genotoxic stress induced by chemotherapy or radiation therapy triggers the ATM-dependent translocation of NF-κB essential modifier (NEMO), also designated IκB kinase γ (IKKγ), from the nucleus to the cytosol, resulting in IκB kinase activation by mechanisms not yet fully understood. RIP1 has been implicated in this response and found to be modified in cells with damaged DNA; however, the nature of the RIP1 modification and its precise role in the pathway remain unclear. Here, we show that DNA damage stimulates the formation of a cytosolic complex containing ATM, NEMO (IKKγ), RIP1, and TAK1. We find that RIP1 is modified by SUMO-1 and ubiquitin in response to DNA damage and demonstrate that modified RIP1 is required for NF-κB activation and tumor cell survival. We show that ATM activates TAK1 in a manner dependent on RIP1 and NEMO. We also reveal TAK1 as a central mediator of the alternative DNA damage response pathway mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/MAPK-activated protein 2 (MAPKAP-2) kinases. These findings have translational implications and reveal RIP1 and TAK1 as potential therapeutic targets in chemoresistance.
Mode control of guided wave in magnetic hollow cylinder using electromagnetic acoustic transducer array (2015)

The aim of this work is to demonstrate a method for exciting and receiving torsional and longitudinal mode guided waves with an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) ring array. First of all, a three-dimensional guided wave simulator is developed in order to numerically analyze the propagation of the guided wave. The finite difference time domain method is used for the simulator. Second, two guided wave testing systems using an EMAT ring array are provided: one is for torsional mode (T-mode) guided wave and the other is for longitudinal mode (L-mode). The EMATs used in the both systems are the same in design. A method to generate and receive the T- and L-mode guided waves with the same EMAT is proposed. Finally, experimental and numerical results are compared and discussed. The results of experiments and simulation agree well, showing the potential of the EMAT ring array as a mode controllable guided wave transmitter and receiver.
Design and management of globally distributed network caches (2004)

The gap between processor speeds and speed of technologies providing data is increasing. This causes the performance of client applications to be limited by the performance of storage devices, networks and buses. Furthermore, the number of computers that share these data access resources is growing exponentially. Caching, prefetching and parallelism are some of the techniques used today to cope with data access latency and system scalability to support more users. However, there is a lack of support for caching, which is widely and freely available over the Internet. 
This thesis makes several contributions to the research area of high-performance distributed data access. The first contribution is the design of a globally-distributed Internet cache service, called Storage Embedded Networks (SEN). SEN improves user response times and data service scalability of the Internet by ubiquitous caching. It is composed of routers containing storage that caches some of the objects that are pass through via snooping. Requests are checked every hop, ensuring transmission of the closest copy on the data path and upstream load reduction. SEN architecture also addresses the flash crowd problem. 
The second contribution, called Adaptive Caching using Multiple Experts (ACME), is an automated caching scheme that combines the expertise of multiple replacement algorithms to manage the SEN caches. ACME uses machine learning techniques to select the best current replacement policy. It improves the hit rates over static caching policies leading to lower client response times and more network savings. Each cache node can adapt itself to the application workload it observes. ACME eliminates manual tuning from multi-level caches.
Influence of T‐helper cell subsets and crossregulation in hepatitis B virus infection (1997)

Serological and biochemical studies indicate that acute HBV infection is resolved in the context of an efficient cell-mediated immune (CMI) response, whereas, chronic infection is characterized by weak to undetectable CMI responses and relatively efficient humoral immunity. Because humoral immunity and CMI are regulated by different TH subsets, factors which influence the induction of TH1 vs TH2 cells specific for the HBV nucleocapsid antigens (HBcAg, HBeAg) were examined in a murine model system. The factors which affected the HBc/HBeAg-specific TH1/TH2-cell balance included: (1) the structure of the antigen (i.e. HBcAg vs HBeAg); (2) the host MHC and T-cell site recognized; (3) crossregulation between TH1 and TH2 cells; (4) T-cell tolerance, which is more complete in TH1 than in TH2 cells; (5) secreted HBeAg, which preferentially depletes TH1 cells; (6) the HBV-specific subset response could be skewed towards either TH1 or TH2 predominance by cytokine treatment in vivo. The results suggest that the balance between TH1 and TH2 cells specific for the HBc/HBeAgs may be relevant in acute and chronic HBV infections. Importantly, HBeAg-specific TH2 cells preferentially evade tolerance induction as compared to their TH1-cell counterparts. Because HBeAg may act as a tolerogen during the vertical transmission of chronic HBV infection and preferentially depletes TH1 cells in the circulation, the predominance of HBeAg-specific TH2 cells may influence the initiation or maintenance of the chronic carrier state. In this case, cytokine therapy designed to shift a TH2-like response toward TH1 predominance (i.e. IL-12) may be beneficial in the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
Approximate timing analysis of combinational circuits under the XBDO model (1997)

This paper is concerned with approximate delay computation algorithms for combinational circuits. As a result of intensive research in the early 90's efficient tools exist which can analyze circuits of thousands of gates in a few minutes or even in seconds for many cases. However, the computation time of these tools is not so predictable since the internal engine of the analysis is either a SAT solver or a modified ATPG algorithm, both of which are just heuristic algorithms for an NP-complete problem. Although they are highly tuned for CAD applications, there exists a class of problem instances which exhibits the worst-case exponential CPU time behavior. In the context of timing analysis, circuits with a high amount of reconvergence, e.g. C6288 of the ISCAS benchmark suite, are known to be difficult to analyze under sophisticated delay models even with state-of-the-art techniques. To make timing analysis of such corner case circuits feasible we propose an approximate computation scheme to the timing analysis problem as an extension to the exact analysis method proposed previously. Sensitization conditions are conservatively approximated in a selective fashion so that the size of SAT problems solved during analysis is controlled. Experimental results show that the approximation technique is effective in reducing the total analysis time without losing accuracy for the case where the exact approach takes much time or cannot complete.
Continuous Risk Management Guidebook. (1996)

Abstract : Continuous Risk Management is a software engineering practice with processes, methods, and tools for managing risks in a project. It provides a disciplined environment for proactive decision making to assess continuously what could go wrong (risks), determine which risks are important to deal with, and implement strategies to deal with those risks. The purpose of this guidebook is to explain what Continuous Risk Management is; to help you understand the principles, functions, methods, and tools; to show what it could look like when implemented within a project; and to show you how a project could implement its own adaptation. The intent is not to provide a cookie-cutter answer for everyone. There is no such answer. This is a generic practice with a variety of methods and tools from which to choose. It is meant to be adapted to suit an organization and a project.
Amino Acid Ligand Chirality for Enantioselective Syntheses (2010)

Amino acids are attractive sources of chirality in stoichiometric or catalytic transition metal/organic chemistry. In spite of easy availability and other advantages, the application of these ligands is hindered by several problems. Now, at the dawn of emerging D-amino acid biochemistry, efforts in this direction are becoming increasingly important. The results of research on application of amino acid ligands for transition-metal reagents in organic syntheses are reviewed in the present work.
Chloride‐Induced Aufbau of Perchlorinated Cyclohexasilanes from Si<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>: A Mechanistic Scenario (2014)

A surprisingly simple preparative procedure, addition of Si2Cl6 to a solution of [nBu4N]Cl in CH2Cl2, leads to the formation of the chloride-complexed cyclic dianions [Si6Cl12⋅2Cl](2-), [(SiCl3)Si6Cl11⋅2Cl](2-), or [1,y-(SiCl3)2Si6Cl10⋅2Cl](2-) (y = 1, 3, 4), depending on the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants and the reaction temperature (25-85 °C). Below -40 °C the open-chain oligosilane chloride adducts [Si3Cl9](-), [Si3Cl10](2-), [Si4Cl11](-), and [Si6Cl15](-) are formed, again depending on the reaction conditions chosen. All species were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The underlying reaction mechanism is elucidated by DFT calculations. It incorporates all experimental findings and involves a few key elementary steps: 1) chloride-induced liberation of SiCl3(-) or higher silanides, 2) their addition to neutral silanes yielding larger oligosilane chloride adducts, 3) dimerization of larger silanides to (substituted) cyclohexasilane dichloride adducts with inverse sandwich structure.
Material design of high-capacity Li-rich layered-oxide electrodes: Li<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> and beyond (2017)

Material design of new Li-rich Li<sub>2</sub>(M<sub>I</sub>,M<sub>II</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> layered oxides for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries <italic>via</italic> multi-faceted high-throughput density function theory calculations.