gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of a metastatogenic tumor cell type by neurotransmitters and its pharmacological inhibition by established drugs (2004)

The active migration of tumor cells, a crucial requirement for metastasis development and cancer progression, is regulated by signal substances including neurotransmitters. We investigated the migration of tumor cells within a three-dimensional collagen matrix using time-lapse videomicroscopy and computer-assisted analysis of the migration path. Tumor cell migration is induced by norepinephrine, dopamine and substance P. We show that this induced migration, using MDA-MB-468 breast and PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells, can be inhibited by using specific, clinically established receptor antagonists to the beta2-adrenoceptor, the D2 receptor, or the neurokinin-1 receptor, respectively. All of the investigated neurotransmitters significantly activated the cyclic adenosine-monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, microarray analysis revealed changes of gene expression toward a highly motile tumor cell type, including an upregulation of the alpha2 integrin, which is an essential adhesion receptor for collagen in migration. The gene for the tumor suppressor gelsolin was downregulated. These 2 critical alterations were confirmed on the protein level by flow-cytometry and immunoblotting, respectively. Neurotransmitters thus induce a metastatogenic tumor cell type by directly regulating gene expression and increased migratory activity, which can be prevented by established neurotransmitter antagonists.
Optimize syngas to naphtha over ruthenium catalysts (1984)

In this work the authors undertake the design of a catalyst system which would efficiently utilize a stream of CO--H/sub 2/, available as a byproduct of partial combustion cracking. The H/sub 2//CO ratio of this stream was fixed by the conditions of the ethylene production process, making it desirable to reject the oxygen in CO as water rather than CO/sub 2/. A second important goal was to maximize the C/sub 2/+ selectivity in order to obtain the highest possible yield of feedstock crackable to ethylene in conventional LPG and naphtha crackers. Using an optimized potassium-promoted, aluminasupported ruthenium catalyst of practical concentration (1% Ru, 0.5% K) on a commercially available support, campaigns of over 1,000 hours on stream were achieved. Impregnation techniques which are readily scaled up were used. During these campaigns the C/sub 2/+ selectivity averaged about 90%. Of the C/sub 2/+ product, about onethird was C/sub 2/-C/sub 5/ while the C/sub 6/+ represents two-thirds.
Computer generated solid arrow display of 3-D vector fields (1988)

A new method of display of vector fields is described which uses an arrow of fixed proportions to display the magnitude and direction of a vector at each point at which it is known. The arrow head has thickness and the whole arrow is scaled in proportion to the magnitude of the field so that the orientation perpendicular to the plane of the paper is indicated by the body of the head and foreshortening of the image. It has applications in all branches of engineering and science where calculations give numerical values of field vectors.<
 >
Interactions of serotonin with multiple receptors and neurotransmitters in the guinea-pig isolated colon. (1995)

The motor effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) on the guinea-pig isolated proximal colon were studied and analyzed. A classical organ bath setup was used to measure the longitudinal muscle responses isotonically. 5-Hydroxytryptamine induced concentration-dependent contractions which were preceded by relaxations at low concentrations. By means of the neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin, the muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist, atropine, and selective 5-HT receptor antagonists, it was shown that the contractions to 5-HT are mediated by 5-HT2A receptors, localized on the smooth muscle, and by 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors, localized on cholinergic nerves. The relaxation was abolished by tetrodotoxin and appeared to be mediated by two 5-HT receptor subtypes; the pharmacological profile of the high affinity 5-HT receptor resembled that of 5-HT2C receptors though it displayed also pronounced differences. Subsequently, it was shown that nitric oxide is the mediator released by lower concentrations of 5-HT, while, at higher concentrations, adenosine triphosphate could be involved as an end neurotransmitter as well. No evidence for a peptidergic neurotransmitter, such as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, was obtained. Results with two 5-HT analogues confirmed the presence of a dual 5-HT receptor system (high and low affinity) regulating each the release of a different neurotransmitter (nitric oxide and adenosine triphosphate, respectively). The above described results stress the important role of 5-HT as a neurotransmitter involved in gastrointestinal motility.
Lamb and shear-horizontal wave production by interdigital transducers deposited on both sides of a piezoelectric plate (1996)

Interdigital transducers (IDT) deposited on one side of a sample are commonly used to generate and detect acoustic plate modes. The electromechanical coupling coefficient can be calculated to find the relative efficiency of mode generation by IDT. However, experimental observations have shown that some modes are difficult to excite with IDT deposited on only one side of the plate. In this paper it is shown that the shape of the tranducer and its electrical connections can be adjusted for each mode, A0, S0, and SH0, in order to achieve an electromechanical conversion in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Some experiments have been performed on quartz plates with different kinds of transducers in order to check the validity of this approach. The electrostatic potential generated by these transducers has been compared with the electrical potential associated with a plate mode already excited. It appears that when the electrostatic field generated by the excitation device has the same symmetry as the electric field associated with a piezoelectrically coupled plate mode, excitation and detection of this particular mode are possible.
Withanolides are Potent Novel Targeted Therapeutic Agents Against Adrenocortical Carcinomas (2014)

These results demonstrate the first evidence of the anticancer efficacy of withanolides in ACC cells and provide support for future translational evaluation of these compounds as novel therapeutic agents for ACC patients.
Distribution, ultrastructural localization, and ontogeny of the core protein of a heparan sulfate proteoglycan in human skin and other basement membranes. (1989)

A variety of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) have been identified on cell surfaces and in basement membrane (BM). To more fully characterize HSPG in human skin BM, we used two monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against epitopes of the core protein of a high molecular weight HSPG isolated from murine EHS tumor. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed linear distribution of HSPG within all skin BM, and within BM of all other human organs investigated. In a study of the ontogeny of HSPG in human skin BM, HSPG was detectable as early as 54 gestational days, comparable with other ubiquitous BM components, such as laminin and type IV collagen. Immunoelectron microscopy on adult skin and neonatal foreskin showed staining primarily within the lamina densa (LD) and sub-lamina densa regions of the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) and vascular BM. In neonatal foreskin, additional staining was noted of basilar cytoplasmic membranes of keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and pericytes. We conclude that the core protein of a high molecular weight HSPG is ubiquitous in human BM, appears in fetal skin on or before 54 days, and is present primarily in the regions of the LD and sub-LD.
YiSi - a Unified Semantic MT Quality Evaluation and Estimation Metric for Languages with Different Levels of Available Resources (2019)

We present YiSi, a unified automatic semantic machine translation quality evaluation and estimation metric for languages with different levels of available resources. Underneath the interface with different language resources settings, YiSi uses the same representation for the two sentences in assessment. Besides, we show significant improvement in the correlation of YiSi-1’s scores with human judgment is made by using contextual embeddings in multilingual BERT–Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers to evaluate lexical semantic similarity. YiSi is open source and publicly available.
INFLUENCE OF EXTRUSION PROCESS PARAMETERS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Al-Li-EXTRUSIONS (1987)

The influence of the extrusion process parameters and TMT on the mechanical properties of different Lital A (8090)-extrusions was investigated. Strength was shown to be influenced less by extrusion temperature and ratio than by the extrusion aspect ratio (width/thickness) determining texture. With increasing extrusion aspect ratio the strength declines considerably. Depending on the homogeneity of slip distribution the strength decrease can be calculated with excellent accuracy by the SACHS- or the TAYLOR-model on the basis of a quantitative texture analysis.
α1-Antitrypsin Modulates Lung Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Responses to TNF-α (2013)

α₁-Antitrypsin (A1AT) is an acute-phase reactant, but also a major protective factor against the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a complex disease with sustained chronic inflammation. The lung-protective effects of A1AT have been attributed to the inhibition of proteases involved in lung matrix fragmentation, macrophage activation, and endothelial-cell apoptosis. More recently, A1AT has been shown to directly interact with or modulate the actions of cytokines such as TNF-α or IL-1 in inflammatory cells, but its effect on the lung endothelium, an active participant in the amplification and resolution of inflammation, has received little attention. An important role of A1AT in modulating lung endothelial inflammatory responses is expected, given the high concentrations of circulating A1AT during inflammation and its active uptake by endothelial cells. We investigated the role of A1AT in primary lung microvascular endothelial cell activation by relevant cytokines such as TNF-α or IL-1β. Despite an initial marked augmentation of TNF-α self-induced transcription, A1AT inhibited TNF-α receptor 1 up-regulation and significantly reduced TNF-α secretion, effects that were associated with inhibition of TNF-α-converting enzyme activity. Furthermore, A1AT inhibited calpain activity, whose activation by TNF-α contributed to decreased intracellular A1AT concentrations. These data indicate that A1AT initially facilitates acute responses of the endothelium to TNF-α, followed by selective inhibition of TNF-α-induced-self amplification, which may assist the vasculature in the resolution of chronic inflammation.
Ultrafast autonomous solid state circuit breakers for shipboard DC power distribution (2015)

Short circuit protection remains one of the major technical barriers in DC power systems. This paper introduces a new concept of ultrafast autonomous SSCBs. The new SSCB comprises one or more normally-on WBG transistor as the main static switch and a fast-starting isolated DC/DC converter as the protection driver. It detects short circuit faults by sensing its drain-source voltage rise, and draws power from the fault condition itself to turn and hold off the switch. Prototypes experimentally demonstrate repeated interruption of fault currents up to 180 amperes at a DC bus voltage of 400 volts within 0.8 μs. A method to extend this concept to higher bus voltages is also proposed and verified with PSPICE simulation. A hybrid protection strategy, which combines protective power converters, autonomous SSCBs, and networked SSCBs, is proposed for shipboard DC power architectures.
Joint load balancing and interference mitigation in 5G heterogeneous networks (2017)

We study the problem of joint load balancing and interference mitigation in heterogeneous networks (Het-Nets) in which massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) macro cell base station (BS) equipped with a large number of antennas, overlaid with wireless self-backhauled small cells (SCs) are assumed. Self-backhauled SC BSs with full-duplex communication employing regular antenna arrays serve both macro users and SC users by using the wireless backhaul from macro BS in the same frequency band. We formulate the joint load balancing and interference mitigation problem as a network utility maximization subject to wireless backhaul constraints. Subsequently, leveraging the framework of stochastic optimization, the problem is decoupled into dynamic scheduling of macro cell users, backhaul provisioning of SCs, and offloading macro cell users to SCs as a function of interference and backhaul links. Via numerical results, we show the performance gains of our proposed framework under the impact of SCs density, number of BS antennas, and transmit power levels at low and high frequency bands. It is shown that our proposed approach achieves a 5.6× gain in terms of cell-edge performance as compared to the closed-access baseline in ultra-dense networks with 350 SC BSs per km².
Biomarkers for the lung cancer diagnosis and their advances in proteomics (2008)

Over a last decade, intense interest has been focused on biomarker discovery and their clinical uses. This interest is accelerated by the completion of human genome project and the progress of techniques in proteomics. Especially, cancer biomarker discovery is eminent in this field due to its anticipated critical role in early diagnosis, therapy guidance, and prognosis monitoring of cancers. Among cancers, lung cancer, one of the top three major cancers, is the one showing the highest mortality because of failure in early diagnosis. Numerous potential DNA biomarkers such as hypermethylations of the promoters and mutations in K-ras, p53, and protein biomarkers; carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CYFRA21-1, plasma kallikrein B1 (KLKB1), Neuron-specific enolase, etc. have been discovered as lung cancer biomarkers. Despite extensive studies thus far, few are turned out to be useful in clinic. Even those used in clinic do not show enough sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility for general use. This review describes what the cancer biomarkers are for, various types of lung cancer biomarkers discovered at present and predicted future advance in lung cancer biomarker discovery with proteomics technology.
Elevated Plasma Lipoprotein(a) and Coronary Heart Disease in Men Aged 55 Years and Younger (1996)

Elevated plasma Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for the development of premature CHD in men, comparable in magnitude and prevalence (ie, attributable risk) to a total cholesterol level of 6.2 mmol/L (240 mg/dL) or more, or an HDL level less than 0.9 mmol/L (35 mg/dL).
Warfarin for Cancer Prevention (2000)

Recently reported large series have provided clear evidence of an association between idiopathic thromboembolism and the development of cancer. The standardized incidence ratio for all cancers is as high as 6.7 within the first year after a thromboembolic event, and the risk is significantly higher among patients less than 65 years of age than among those who are 65 or older.1 Apart from polycythemia vera, in which thrombosis is a direct complication of hematologic abnormalities, the standardized incidence ratios for cancer after a thromboembolic event are particularly high for cancers of the ovary, pancreas, liver, lung, kidney, brain, and esophagus . . .
Proton chemical shifts in NMR: Part 17. Chemical shifts in alkenes and anisotropic and steric effects of the double bond (2001)

Abstract The 1 H NMR spectra of a number of alkenes of known geometry were recorded in CDCl 3 solution and assigned, namely ethylene, propene, 4‐methylcyclohexene, 1,4‐dimethylcyclohexene, methylene cyclohexane (in CFCl 3 –CD 2 Cl 2 at 153 K), 5‐methylene‐2‐norbornene, camphene, bicyclopentadiene, styrene and 9‐vinylanthracene. These results together with literature data for other alkenes, i.e. 1,3‐ and 1,4‐cyclohexadiene, norbornene, norbornadiene, bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐2‐ene and α‐ and β‐pinene, and other data allowed the determination of the olefinic shielding in these molecules. The shielding was analysed in terms of the magnetic anisotropy and steric effects of the double bond together with a model (CHARGE7) for the calculation of the two‐ and three‐bond electronic effects. For the aromatic alkenes ring current and π‐electron effects were included. This analysis showed that the double bond shielding arises from both anisotropic and steric effects. The anisotropy is due to the perpendicular term only with a value of Δχ(CC) of −12.1 × 10 −6 cm 3 mol −1 . There is also a steric deshielding term of 82.5/ r 6 ( r in Å). The shielding along the π‐axis changes sign from shielding at long range (>2.5 Å) to deshielding at short range (<2 Å). The model gives the first comprehensive calculation of the shielding of the alkene group. For the data set considered (172 proton chemical shifts) ranging from δ=0.48 to 8.39, the r.m.s. error of observed vs calculated shifts was 0.11 ppm. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Core–Shell Structured Up-Conversion Luminescent and Mesoporous NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Er<sup>3+</sup>@<i>n</i>SiO<sub>2</sub>@<i>m</i>SiO<sub>2</sub> Nanospheres as Carriers for Drug Delivery (2011)

Core–shell structured up-conversion luminescent and mesoporous NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@nSiO2@mSiO2 nanospheres were prepared by coating mesoporous SiO2 layers with different thicknesses on NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles via a simple two-step sol–gel process. The obtained sample shows a typical mesoporous structure and well-dispersed spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution. The nanospheres exhibit little cytotoxicity (via MTT assay), and ibuprofen (IBU) was used as a model drug to access the release properties of the system in detail. The amount of IBU adsorbed in mesoporous channels increases with the thickness of the ordered mesoporous silica shell coated on the NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles. The in vitro release study of IBU reveals a release profile in two steps: an initial diffusion-controlled release, followed by a slower release rate. Furthermore, upon excitation by a 980 nm near-infrared laser, the nanospheres emit green (2H11/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2) and red (4F9/2 → 4I15/2) fluorescence of Er3+ even after the loading of IBU. Interestingly, the emission intensity of Er3+ in the bifunctional (mesoporous and luminescence) drug carrier increases with an increase of the cumulative released amount of the model drug (IBU). Thus, the extent of drug release can be easily identified, tracked, and monitored based on the change of the up-conversion luminescence. These results suggest that the core–shell structured NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@nSiO2@mSiO2 nanospheres are a promising material for controlled drug release.
Intratumoral CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells with stem cell–like properties: Implications for cancer immunotherapy (2019)

Intratumoral PD-1<sup>+</sup> TCF1<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells with stem cell-like properties mediate cellular expansion and tumor control in response to immunotherapy.
Object exchange across heterogeneous information sources (2002)

We address the problem of providing integrated access to diverse and dynamic information sources. We explain how this problem differs from the traditional database integration problem and we focus on one aspect of the information integration problem, namely information exchange. We define an object-based information exchange model and a corresponding query language that we believe are well suited for integration of diverse information sources. We describe how, the model and language have been used to integrate heterogeneous bibliographic information sources. We also describe two general-purpose libraries we have implemented for object exchange between clients and servers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Doublet III vessel wall protection for 7 MW neutral beam heated plasma operation (1981)

Doublet III vessel wall protection has been upgraded for the adddition of neutral beam heating. The design of this protection system is described here in detail.
NC-531 (Neurochem). (2004)

NC-531 is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan mimetic that inhibits amyloid plaque formation, and is under development by Neurochem for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Phase I clinical trials of NC-531 were ongoing in November 1999, and by October 2002 phase II trials were underway.
UHF AT-cut crystal resonators operating in the fundamental mode (2002)

The UHF AT-cut crystal resonators operating in the fundamental mode were manufactured using both wet chemical etching technology with high etching rate and reactive ion etching technology with low etching rate for high-precision thickness adjustment in combination. In order to decrease the thermal stress at the interface between the crystal and a electrode, which is caused by a difference of thermal expansion coefficients, a gold electrode was selected as this material has the approximate thermal expansion coefficient as the crystal. The electrode thickness was also examined to have the most suitable plate back ratio. The ratio of the film thickness of the reverse side electrode to the thickness of the crystal substrate (9%), together with the film thickness of the main electrode (60 nm), creates a resonance at center frequency of 622 MHz with a favorable frequency temperature characteristic of frequency shifts within 110 ppm at the temperature range from -35/spl deg/C to +85/spl deg/C. Furthermore, the application of this resonator to the configuration of VCXO for the Colpitts oscillation circuit produced a frequency control characteristic of /spl plusmn/120 ppm/+2.5 V/spl plusmn/2 V and a phase noise characteristic of -100 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1 kHz.
Early Metabolic Adaptation in C57BL/6 Mice Resistant to High Fat Diet Induced Weight Gain Involves an Activation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Pathways (2013)

We investigated the short-term (7 days) and long-term (60 days) metabolic effect of high fat diet induced obesity (DIO) and weight gain in isogenic C57BL/6 mice and examined the specific metabolic differentiation between mice that were either strong-responders (SR), or non-responders (NR) to weight gain. Mice (n = 80) were fed a standard chow diet for 7 days prior to randomization into a high-fat (HF) (n = 56) or a low-fat (LF) (n = 24) diet group. The (1)H NMR urinary metabolic profiles of LF and HF mice were recorded 7 and 60 days after the diet switch. On the basis of the body weight gain (BWG) distribution of HF group, we identified NR mice (n = 10) and SR mice (n = 14) to DIO. Compared with LF, HF feeding increased urinary excretion of glycine conjugates of β-oxidation intermediate (hexanoylglycine), branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism intermediates (isovalerylglycine, α-keto-β-methylvalerate and α-ketoisovalerate) and end-products of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism (N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide) suggesting up-regulation of mitochondrial oxidative pathways. In the HF group, NR mice excreted relatively more hexanoylglycine, isovalerylglycine, and fewer tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate (succinate) in comparison to SR mice. Thus, subtle regulation of ketogenic pathways in DIO may alleviate the saturation of the TCA cycle and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.