gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated thermographic inspection of surface mount solder joints (1991)

The authors describe a thermal imaging technique for inspecting solder joints on a surface mount assembly. It is anticipated that this method will allow the simultaneous identification of all the defective joints present on a surface mount assembly. The basis of the technique is to capture real time thermal images of the assemblies as they cool following their exit from the reflow soldering process. Image processing techniques are then used in order to analyse the relative cooling rates of the solder joints and component terminations. In preliminary trials the technique has consistently shown significant differences in the temperature profiles between 'acceptable' and 'poor' connections. The graphical representations of the the connections demonstrated that, because of its higher thermal mass, a connection with an acceptable solder fillet cools at a slower rate than a corresponding joint with a poor fillet.
HEAT TRANSFER IN VERTICAL GRANULAR FLOWS (1997)

The effect of shearing on the eonvective heat transfer from a heater immersed in a vertical granular flaw in a channel was investigated experimentally. Comparisons were made with previous experimental and semiempirical results. Experiments were performed with smooth and rough wall conditions in order to examine the influence of boundaries on the shear rate, medium density, and particle agitation. The results indicated that the medium density adjacent to the wall played a critical role in determining the overall heat transfer.
The synthesis of high-content fullerene functionalised polymers through the controlled addition of an amine-tagged fullerene derivative (2008)

A method has been developed for synthesising a series of soluble C60 containing polymers which have the characteristic photophysical properties of monosubstituted-fullerene derivatives. The strategy employed required that first a suitably derivatised mono-fulleropyrrolidine was prepared and characterised which was then subsequently reacted with an acryloyl chloride functionalised polymer. The amino group of the fulleropyrrolidine reacts with the acyl chloride functional groups of the polymer forming an amide bond. This approach enabled the preparation of several soluble fullerene/acrylic polymers with a controlled and high covalently bonded fullerene content. The resulting fullerene derivatised methacrylate polymers were characterised by UV, infrared and gel permeation chromatography.
Three-Phase AC/DC PWM Converter with Sinusoidal AC Currents and Minimum Filter Requirements (1987)

A pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control technique suitable for fully controlled three-phase ac/dc converters is analyzed, which gives sinusoidal input currents and ideally smoothed dc voltage. The technique allows four-quadrant operation and full-range control of the input power factor. An extension to a simplified converter scheme, capable of one-quadrant operation, is also considered. Operation of the converter is analyzed under both ideal and actual conditions. Control implementation and design criteria are discussed and experimental results are reported.
UV resonance Raman spectroscopy of the aromatic amino acids and myoglobin (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUV resonance Raman spectroscopy of the aromatic amino acids and myoglobinCraig R. Johnson, Michael Ludwig, Stephen O'Donnell, and Sanford A. AsherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 17, 5008–5010Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00329a065RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (378 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Frequency Stabilized GaP Continuous-Wave Terahertz Signal Generator for High-Resolution Spectroscopy (2014)

We constructed a GaP continuous-wave terahertz (CW-THz) signal generator based on different frequency generation that can tune automatically from 0.15 to 6.2 THz without mode-hopping. Independent frequency feedback control for the seed laser and power feedback control for the optical power amplifier realized higher accuracy and stability of the output THz-wave at the same time. After constructing THz spectrometer with the GaP CW-THz signal generator as a light source, we have confirmed frequency resolution to be 15 MHz by the measurement of the Doppler width of water vapor absorptions in vacuumed chamber, and frequency reproducibility to be within 5 MHz by comparing with absorption frequency data.
Highly Phosphorylated Core Oligosaccaride Structures from Cold‐Adapted <i>Psychromonas arctica</i> (2008)

Many cold habitats contain plenty of microorganisms that represent the most abundant cold-adapted life forms on earth. These organisms have developed a wide range of adaptations that involve the cell wall of the microorganism. In particular, bacteria enhance the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids of membrane lipids to maintain the membrane fluidity, but very little is known about the adaptational changes in the structure of the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), the main constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical structure of these LPSs for insight into the temperature-adaptation mechanism. For this objective, the cold-adapted Psychromonas arctica bacterium, which lives in the arctic sea-water near Spitzbergen (Svalbard islands, Arctic) was cultivated at 4 degrees C. The lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) were isolated and analysed by means of chemical analysis and electrospray ionisation high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The LOS was then degraded either by mild hydrazinolysis (O-deacylation) or with hot 4 M KOH (N-deacylation). Both products were investigated in detail by using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The core consists of a mixture of species that differ because of the presence of nonstoichiometric D-fructose and/or D-galacturonic acid units.
Control of Crystallization and Melting Behavior in Sequence Specific Polypeptoids (2010)

The sequence specificity of a class of biologically inspired polymers based on N-substituted glycines (polypeptoids) allows for a degree of tunability in the crystallization and thermal behavior not available in classical polymer systems. It is demonstrated that a series of peptoid homopolymers are stable up to temperatures of 250−300 °C and are crystalline with reversible melting transitions ranging from 150 to 225 °C. Defects inserted at precise locations along the polymer backbone (as monomer substitutions) enable control of the melting temperature. Melting points decrease with increased defect content, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates defect inclusion in the crystal lattice. In addition, it is demonstrated that the distribution of the defects for a given content level affects the thermal properties of the peptoid chain.
Absence of an Unusual “Densely Methylated Island” at the Hamster dhfr ori-β (1997)

An unusual "densely methylated island" (DMI), in which all cytosine residues are methylated on both strands for 127-516 base pairs, has been reported at mammalian origins of DNA replication. This report had far-reaching implications in understanding of DNA methylation and DNA replication. For example, since this DMI appeared in about 90% of proliferating cells, but not in stationary cells, it may regulate origin activation. In an effort to confirm and extend these observations, the DMI at the well characterized ori-beta locus 17 kilobases downstream of the dhfr gene in chromosomes of Chinese hamster ovary cells was checked for methylated cytosines in genomic DNA. The methylation status of this region was examined in randomly proliferating and stationary cells and in cell populations enriched in the G1, S, or G2 + M phases of their cell division cycle. DNA was subjected to 1) cleavage by methylation-sensitive restriction endonucleases, 2) hydrazine modification of cytosines followed by piperidine cleavage, and 3) permanganate modification of 5-methylcytosines (mC) followed by piperidine cleavage. The permanganate reaction is a novel method for direct detection of mC residues that complements the more commonly used hydrazine method. These methods were capable of detecting mC in 2% of the cells. At the region of the proposed DMI, only one mC at a CpG site was detected. However, the ori-beta DMI was not detected in any of these cell populations using any of these methods.
Experiments on the chemotherapy of cancer (1939)

Research Article| April 01 1939 Experiments on the chemotherapy of cancer: The independence of tissue respiration and glycolysis, and the growth rate of tumours Eric Boyland; Eric Boyland 1The Research Institute, Royal Cancer Hospital (Free), London, S.W. 3 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Margaret Esther Boyland Margaret Esther Boyland 1 1The Research Institute, Royal Cancer Hospital (Free), London, S.W. 3 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1939) 33 (4): 618–621. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0330618 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Eric Boyland, Margaret Esther Boyland; Experiments on the chemotherapy of cancer: The independence of tissue respiration and glycolysis, and the growth rate of tumours. Biochem J 1 April 1939; 33 (4): 618–621. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0330618 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1939 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1939 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Comparison of two methods to assess variability of platelet response to anti-platelet therapies in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing angioplasty (2004)

The study investigated the clinical usefulness of a new method to evaluate platelet activation and the variability of platelet response to anti-platelet therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Platelet activation was assessed in parallel by a new method for platelet density measurements (MPC, Mean Platelet Component Concentration), on the automated ADVIA 120 Hematology System and by the classic measurement of P-selectin (CD62P) expression, on a fluorescence flow cytometer. Patients received a loading dose of clopidogrel (300 mg; n = 29) or a bolus of abciximab (0.25 mg/kg; n = 15). Blood samples were collected before (baseline) and at different times after PTCA and antiplatelet drugs administration. Our data showed a close inverse correlation between the change in MPC and the CD62P fluorescence surface marker expression (r = -0.776, P<0.0001). Individual platelet activation determinations in patients receiving either clopidogrel or abciximab showed a variation in platelet activation as assayed by MPC and CD62P expression. Patients were characterized as having either high platelet activity upon admission and positive response to treatment or no detectable platelet activation before or after treatment. This study demonstrates the heterogeneity of platelet activation states in ACS patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. The present work also illustrates the potential use of the MPC parameter, generated on an automated hematology system, to define high risk patients and to monitor the variability of platelet response to anti-platelet therapies.
Developmental repression of growth and gene expression in Aspergillus. (1990)

Asexual reproductive development can be initiated in Aspergillus nidulans in the presence of excess nutrients through artificial induction of the developmental regulatory genes brlA or abaA by fusing the genes to the promoter from the alcohol dehydrogenase I gene (alcA) and culturing cells in the presence of an inducing alcohol. Artificially induced development completely inhibits growth and represses expression of the endogenous alcA gene and the coordinately controlled aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (aldA). Repression of alcA and aldA expression probably occurs at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. We propose that developmental induction results in a generalized metabolic shutdown, leading to an inability of cells to acquire nutrients from the growth medium. Self-imposed nutrient limitation could reinforce the primary developmental stimulus and ensure progression through the asexual reproductive pathway.
Inactivation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> inoculated on raw salmon fillets by pulsed UV‐light treatment (2005)

Summary The efficacy of pulsed UV‐light to inactivate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes Scott A on salmon fillets was investigated in this study by evaluating the effects of treatment times and distance from the UV strobe. The sterilization system generated 5.6 J cm −2 per pulse at the lamp surface for an input voltage of 3800 V and three pulses per second. Skin or muscle side inoculated salmon fillet (8 cm × 1.5 cm) in a Petri dish was placed on shelf at three different distances from the UV strobe; 3, 5, and 8 cm. At each distance, the pulsed UV‐light treatment was performed for 15, 30, 45, and 60 s. For E. coli O157:H7, maximum log 10 reduction was 1.09 log 10 CFU g −1 on muscle side at 8 cm for 60‐s treatment, whereas 0.86 log 10 CFU g −1 reduction on skin at 5 cm for 30‐s treatment. For L. monocytogenes Scott A, maximum reduction was 1.02 log 10 CFU g −1 at 8 cm for 60‐s treatment on skin side, whereas 0.74 log 10 CFU g −1 reduction on muscle at 8 cm for 60‐s treatment. The fillet's surface temperature increased up to 100degrC within 60‐s treatment time. Therefore, some fish samples were overheated after 30 and 45 s at 3‐ and 5‐cm distances from light source, respectively, which resulted in visual colour and quality changes. Overall, this study demonstrated that about one log reduction (c. 90%) of E. coli O157:H7 or L. monocytogenes could be achieved at 60‐s treatment at 8 cm distance without affecting the quality.
Compact portable QEPAS multi-gas sensor (2010)

A quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) based multi-gas sensor was developed to quantify concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) in ambient air. The sensor consists of a compact package of dimensions 25cm x 25cm x 10cm and was designed to operate at atmospheric pressure. The HCN, CO<sub>2</sub>, and HCl measurement channels are based on cw, C-band telecommunication-style packaged, fiber-coupled diode lasers, while the CO channel uses a TO can-packaged Sb diode laser as an excitation source. Moreover, the sensor incorporates rechargeable batteries and can operate on batteries for at least 8 hours. It can also operate autonomously or interact with another device (such as a computer) via a RS232 serial port. Trace gas detection limits of 7.74ppm at 4288.29cm<sup>-1</sup> for CO, 450ppb at 6539.11 cm<sup>-1</sup> for HCN, 1.48ppm at 5739.26 cm<sup>-1</sup> for HCl and 97ppm at 6361.25 cm<sup>-1</sup> for CO<sub>2</sub> for a 1sec average time, were demonstrated.
Analysis of the resolution function in seismic prestack depth imaging (2002)

We consider the problem of estimating subsurface quantities such as velocity or reflectivity from seismic measurements. Because of a limited aperture and band‐limited signals, the output from a seismic prestack reconstruction method is a distorted or blurred image. This distortion can be computed using the concept of resolution function, which is a quantity readily accessible in the Fourier space of the model. The key parameter is the scattering wavenumber, which at a particular image point is defined by the incident and scattered ray directions in a given background model. Any location in any background model can be considered. In general, the resolution function will depend on the following four quantities: the background velocity model, the frequency bandwidth, the wavefield type and the acquisition geometry. We first establish the resolution function for a general scattering model assuming local reaction. We then adapt this result for two well‐known scattering models: Born and Kirchhoff. For each of these approximations the corresponding resolution function is derived and discussed. Finally, by employing a simple synthetic data example we demonstrate the ability of the resolution function to predict the image distortions.
High-Performance Carbon Composite Electrode Based on an Ionic Liquid as a Binder (2006)

Ionic liquid, n-octylpyridinum hexafluorophosphate (OPFP) has been used to fabricate a new carbon composite electrode with very attractive electrochemical behavior. This type of carbon electrode has been constructed using graphite mixed with OPFP as the binder. The electrode has combined advantages of edge plane characteristics of carbon nanotubes and edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes together with the low cost of carbon paste electrodes and robustness of metallic electrodes. It provides a remarkable increase in the rate of electron transfer of different organic and inorganic electroactive compounds and offers a marked decrease in the overvoltage for biomolecules such as NADH, dopamine, and ascorbic acid. It also circumvents NADH surface fouling effects as well as furnishing higher current density for a wide range of compounds tested. Depending on the choice of the electrolyte, the electrode can have the ion-exchange property and adsorptive characteristics of clay-modified electrodes. The proposed electrode thus allows sensitive, low-potential, simple, low-cost, and stable electrochemical sensing of biomolecules and other electroactive compounds. Scanning electron microscopy images indicate significant improvement in the microstructure of the proposed electrode compared to carbon paste electrodes. Such abilities promote new opportunities for a wide range of electrochemical and biosensing applications.
ASH1L Links Histone H3 Lysine 36 Dimethylation to MLL Leukemia (2016)

Epigenetic regulators play vital roles in cancer pathogenesis and represent a new frontier in therapeutic targeting. Our studies provide basic mechanistic insight into the role of H3K36me2 in transcription activation and MLL leukemia pathogenesis and implicate ASH1L histone methyltransferase as a promising target for novel molecular therapy. Cancer Discov; 6(7); 770-83. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Balbach and Orkin, p. 700This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681.
Apoptotic and mitotic indices predict survival rates in lymph node-negative colon carcinomas. (1999)

An imbalance between apoptosis and mitosis is believed to underlie colon cancer development and progression. These processes regulate the growth of normal and neoplastic epithelia, and in tumors, may confer prognostic information. To test this hypothesis, we determined apoptotic and mitotic indices (AI, MI) by morphology in H&E sections of 154 lymph node-negative, sporadic colon carcinomas. The relationship of these indices to genetic (p53 and Bcl-2) and biological features (DNA ploidy and cell kinetics) and patient survival rates was determined. Tumor features were compared in proximal and distal tumors, given postulated differences in their pathogenesis. Bcl-2 and p53 proteins were examined using immunohistochemistry and DNA ploidy and proliferative indices (PIs) by flow cytometry. Tumor features were dichotomized for analysis of relapse-free survival and overall survival (OS) rates using a Cox proportional hazards model. Median patient follow-up was 8.8 years. The median AI and MI were 1.2% (0-7.6) and 0.40% (0-1.8), respectively, and did not differ by tumor site. AI correlated with histological grade (P = 0.03); MI correlated with PI (P = 0.02) and inversely with Bcl-2 in distal tumors (P = 0.02). p53 and Bcl-2 expression were detected in 52 and 53% of tumors, respectively. Distal tumor site was associated with aneuploidy (P = 0.001), p53 (P = 0.001), and PI > 15% (P = 0.002). In a univariate analysis, colon cancers with high MIs (>0.5%) had a poor prognosis (P = 0.04). Bcl-2 overexpression (>20% + tumor cells) was associated with more favorable OS (P = 0.04). The association of ploidy and PI with outcome was of borderline significance for all tumors; however, diploidy predicted better survival in proximal cancers. In distal cancers, low AIs (< or = 0.25%) and high MIs (>0.5%) were adverse prognostic markers. After adjustment for other variables, an increased MI predicted shorter OS with a hazard ratio (HR) for death of 2.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.23-5.91 (P = 0.01). Expression of Bcl-2 was associated with more favorable OS (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-1.0; P = 0.06). In proximal cancers, Bcl-2 expression was the most important predictor of OS (HR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03-0.85; P = 0.03). In distal tumors, low AIs (HR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.27-9.09; P = 0.01) and high MIs predicted poor survival. In conclusion, increased mitosis and low or absent Bcl-2 expression are significant risk factors for death in node-negative colon cancers, as are low rates of apoptosis in distal tumors. If validated prospectively, our results may identify patient subsets than can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Loan Deficiency Payments or the Loan Program? (1998)

Low marked prices for corn and soybeans have triggered two federal price support programs: (1) a Loan Deficiency Payment (LDP) that pays producers the difference between county-level prices and that county's loan rate on a date chosen by the producer and (2) a traditional loan program whereby the producer puts grain in storage and uses the grain as collateral on a loan. Producers may enroll in either program, but not in both. Therefore, the authors discuss three choices using existing information to suggest which choice is likely to be the best response.