gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared Microspectroscopic Imaging of Biomineralized Tissues using a Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride Focal-Plane Array Detector (1999)

Abstract A 64 X 64 Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride (MCT) focal-plane array detector attached to a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscope was used to spectroscopically image 5-μm sections of human bone tissue in the fingerprint region of the infrared spectrum. Infrared band contours in the 1200–900 cm−1 spectral region, due to phosphorous-containing mineral, change shape as a function of radial distance from centers of bone growth, called osteons. This technique is providing new insights into the biomineralization process. Keywords:: FT-IRmicrospectroscopyfocal-plane arrayMCTimagingbone
Energy-Efficient Future High-Definition TV (2014)

The rapidly growing IPTV market has resulted in increased traffic volumes raising concerns over Internet energy consumption. In this paper, we explore the dynamics of TV viewing behavior and program popularity in order to devise a strategy to minimize energy usage. We evaluate the impact of our strategy by calculating the power consumption of IPTV delivered over an IP-over-WDM network, considering both standard definition and high definition TV. Caches are used to reduce energy consumption by storing the most popular programs at nodes closer to the end user. We then use our knowledge of viewing behaviors to generate a time-driven content replacement strategy to maximize cache hit ratios and minimize energy use. We develop a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to evaluate the power consumption of the network while performing time-driven content replacements on caches and validate the results by simulation. Finally, we extend our model to perform content replacements on caches with sleep-mode capabilities which can save power by reducing their size. Our results show that time-based content replacements with such variable caches increase cache hit ratios and so reduces the overall power consumption by up to 86% compared to no caching. Our findings also show that more power savings are achieved for high definition TV compared to standard definition TV, so this strategy will be beneficial in the long term.
Structure-Activity Relations of Myxinidin, an Antibacterial Peptide Derived from the Epidermal Mucus of Hagfish (2013)

The structure-activity relations of myxinidin, a peptide derived from epidermal mucus of hagfish, Myxine glutinosa L., were investigated. Analysis of key residues allowed us to design new peptides with increased efficiency. Antimicrobial activity of native and modified peptides demonstrated the key role of uncharged residues in the sequence; the loss of these residues reduces almost entirely myxinidin antimicrobial activity, while insertion of arginine at charged and uncharged position increases antimicrobial activity compared with that of native myxinidin. Particularly, we designed a peptide capable of achieving a high inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. Experiments were conducted using both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies showed that myxinidin is able to form an amphipathic α-helical structure at the N terminus and a random coil region at the C terminus.
The Receptor with High Affinity for Immunoglobulin E (1986)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Critical Success Factors in Manufacturing Resource PlanningImplementation (1991)

The implementation process of any information system is a challenging task which becomes even more difficult when the system to be implemented is complex and requires significant organisational change, such as Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II). The study reported here was conducted to identify factors which affect the success of the implementation. This study extends prior research in the MRP II implementation area by evaluating more specific aspects of environmental and methodological factors such as an organisation′s willingness to change and consultant involvement in the MRP II implementation. This empirical study determined the association among environmental factors, methods of implementation, and MRP II success. A conceptual implementation model was developed and factors were identified which were associated with two measures of MRP II success. Two environmental factors and twelve methodological factors were identified as being associated with MRP II success. Based on the results of the study, an awareness and understanding of these factors will increase the success of future MRP II implementations.
Distribution system reliability assessment: momentary interruptions and storms (1997)

The goal of distribution system reliability assessment is to predict the availability of power at each customer's service entrance. Existing methods predict the interruption frequency and duration each customer can expect, but omit two major contributing factors: momentary interruptions and storms. This paper presents methods to determine the impact of each phenomena. These methods are then used to assess the reliability of an existing utility distribution system and to explore the reliability impact of distribution automation.
The ion implantation of helium into gold. A combined X-ray reflection spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering study (1986)

Two methods are used to investigate the very near surface (0 to 10 nm) effect of 3 keV helium implantation into evaporated gold films. X-ray reflection spectroscopy is used to determine the change in density of theimplanted layer and Rutherford backscattering to determine helium concentrations; a maximum of 3.3 He atoms per metal vacancy is reported for a fluence of 4.0 × × 1016 atoms cm−2. The data support the proposition that for implant conditions below those required for exfoliation, there are helium pressures well in excess of 100 kbar within implantation induced voids. Deux methodes ont été utilisées afin d'étudier l'effet de Proche surface (0 à 10 nm) d'implantation de helium à 3 keV dans des couches minces d'or évaporé. La spectroscopie de reflexion par rayons X a étéutilisée afin de determiner tout changement de densité de lacouche implantée et la retrodiffusion de Rutherford afin de determiner les concentrations du helium; on a rapporté un maximum de 3,3 atomes de He par lacune du metal pour une fluence de 4,0 × 1016 atomes cm−2. Les données sort en accord avec la proposition que pour les conditions d'implantation au-dessous de celles requises par l'affouillement, il y a des pressions de helium bien au-dessus de 100 kbar dans les vides induits par l'implantation.
Localization of a molecule immunochemically similar to eosinophil major basic protein in human placenta. (1984)

We have recently reported that human pregnancy is characterized by a 10- to 20-fold elevation of eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) immunoreactivity in maternal blood. Here we show, by immunofluorescence, that placental tissue specifically binds antibody to MBP in and around the placental X cells and placental-site giant cells and, using thin plastic sections, that placenta has no infiltrating eosinophils. The X cells line the inner aspects of placental septal cysts, and the cyst fluid, obtained by aspiration, contains immunoreactive MBP at concentrations of 100 micrograms/ml, a sixfold greater concentration than the highest levels measured in maternal blood. The soluble MBP immunoreactivities in placental homogenates and in maternal serum chromatograph identically on Sephadex G-50, and both these gestational MBP molecules migrate as though substantially larger than the MBP found in serum from patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome or purified from the eosinophil granule. Our inability to demonstrate eosinophils in maternal blood or placental tissue, coupled with the large quantities of immunoreactive MBP highly localized in placental cysts and the chromatographic behavior of this molecule, suggest that the MBP detected in human gestation is produced by placenta.
Imaging in Clear Ocean Water (1973)

A parametric analysis is given of imaging in backscattered light in clear ocean water characterized by temperature and salinity inhomogeneities whose scale length is large compared to the diameter of the light beam. An expression for the beam pattern of a finite underwater laser beam is derived where the effects of source coherence on the imaging properties of backscattered light are discussed. On the basis of the model assumed here, it is concluded that the resolution cannot be significantly improved by reduction of the camera threshold. This limitation results from the rapid decrease of the modulation transfer function for increasing spatial frequencies, which indicates that image modulation below 2% falls another 10 dB at only negligibly higher spatial frequencies. Thus, a 10-dB improvement in the limiting resolution of the camera will not result in significantly better image quality through ocean water.
Behavior Modeling of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using Flux Linkages for Coupling with Circuit Simulation (2017)

Accurate PMSM drive simulation, which utilizes a behavior model developed using FEA results to consider nonlinear characteristics, has been requested to evaluate driving performance. This paper proposes an advanced motor behavior model that is based on the flux linkage model instead of the inductance model to simplify the derivation of equations and to reduce the amount of table data produced from FEA results. The proposed model includes magnetic saturation, cross-coupling, and spatial harmonics. Its performance is verified in circuit simulation by comparing direct FEA results with measurement results. The results obtained using the proposed model are in good agreement well with the FEA results and measurement results.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Leporin A (1996)

An efficient synthesis of (+/-)-leporin A (1) has been developed using a tandem Knoevenagel condensation-inverse electron demand intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction to construct the key tricyclic intermediate 3 from pyridone 5 and dienal 6 in one pot in 35% yield. Hydroxylation (71%) of 3 and methylation (77%) of the resulting hydroxypyridone 2 completed the first total synthesis of (+/-)-leporin A (1).
Taxane Analogues against Lung Cancer: A Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Study (2009)

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men (after prostate cancer) and women (after breast cancer). The microtubule-stabilizing taxane such as docetaxel is the only agent currently approved for both first- and second-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Although docetaxel has made significant progress in the treatment of lung cancers either using alone or in combination with various novel targeted agents, its use often results in various undesired side-effects. These limitations have led to the search for new taxane derivatives with fewer side-effects, superior pharmacological properties, and improved anticancer activity to maximize the induced benefits for lung cancer patients. Herein, four series of taxane derivatives were used to correlate their inhibitory activities against lung cancer cells with hydrophobic and steric descriptors to gain a better understanding of their chemical-biological interactions. A parabolic correlation with MR(Y) is the most encouraging example, in which the optimum value of this parameter is well defined. On the basis of this quantitative structure-activity relationship model, six compounds (3-23 to 3-28) are suggested as potential synthetic targets. Internal (cross-validation (q(2)), quality factor (Q), Fischer statistics (F ) and Y-randomization) and external validation tests have validated all the quantitative structure-activity relationship models.
Impact of Nrf2 on UVB‐induced skin inflammation/photoprotection and photoprotective effect of sulforaphane (2010)

Ultraviolet (UV) of sunlight is a complete carcinogen that can burn skin, enhance inflammation, and drive skin carcinogenesis. Previously, we have shown that sulforaphane (SFN) inhibited chemically induced skin carcinogenesis via nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and others have shown that broccoli sprout extracts containing high SFN protected against UV-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 hairless mice. A recent study showed that there was no difference between Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2 KO) and Nrf2 wild-type (WT) BALB/C mice after exposing to high dose of UVB. Since Nrf2 plays critical roles in the anti-oxidative stress/anti-inflammatory responses, it is relevant to assess the role of Nrf2 for photoprotection against UV. In this context, the role of Nrf2 in UVB-induced skin inflammation in Nrf2 WT and Nrf2 KO C57BL/6 mice was studied. A single dose of UVB (300 mJ/cm(2)) resulted in skin inflammation in both WT and Nrf2 KO (-/-) mice (KO mice) at 8 h and 8 d following UVB irradiation. In the WT mice inflammation returned to the basal level to a greater extent when compared to the KO mice. SFN treatment of Nrf2 WT but not Nrf2 KO mice restored the number of sunburn cells back to their basal level by 8 d after UVB irradiation. Additionally, UVB-induced short-term inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-1β and interleukin-6) were increased in the KO mice and UVB-induced apoptotic cells in the KO mice were significantly higher as compared to that in the WT. Taken together, our results show that functional Nrf2 confers a protective effect against UVB-induced inflammation, sunburn reaction, and SFN-mediated photoprotective effects in the skin.
Selective synthesis of ethylene by partial oxidation of methane over LiCl–Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1986)

K. Otsuka, Q. Liu and A. Morikawa, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 586 DOI: 10.1039/C39860000586
Large magnetoelectric effect and low-loss high relative permittivity in 0–3 CuO/PVDF composite films exhibiting unusual ferromagnetism at room temperature (2012)

Abstract Flexible magnetoelectric 0–3 composite films formed with high dielectric ( ε r ∼ 10 4 ) CuO microparticles in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer matrix showed multifunctional properties. The films prepared by the hot-moulding technique exhibit low-loss high relative permittivity ( ε eff ∼ 10 3 ) with good ferroelectric behaviour (with P – E loop) at the percolation threshold ( f CuO = f c ∼ 0.25). Dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic and direct magnetoelectric properties of the composites depend strongly on the CuO filler concentration ( f CuO ). Interesting low field magnetoelectric response appears with about 5% decrease in ferroelectric polarization in the insulating composite ( f CuO = 0.20) along with 7.5% increase in the magnetodielectric coefficient under a magnetic field of 6 kG in the semiconducting percolative composite at room temperature. At this field, a maximum magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of 1.45 mV cm −1 Oe −1 was obtained. Even though the CuO sample is paramagnetic at ambient temperature, this typical composite film exhibits weakly ferromagnetic (with M – H loop) behaviour indicating multiferroic character. Our result represents an important step towards practical device applications using the high dielectric and magnetoelectric effects.
One‐Step Exfoliation Synthesis of Easily Soluble Graphite and Transparent Conducting Graphene Sheets (2009)

Easily soluble expanded graphite is synthesized in a one-step exfoliation process that can be used for the lowcost mass production of graphene for various applications because of the simplicity and speed of the process. The graphene obtained is sufficiently expanded to be dispersed in aqueous solutions with an ordinary surfactant and in organic solvents.
Legal Issues Concerning the EU Unilateral Aviation ETS: A Chinese Perspective (2014)

Since January 2012, carbon emissions from international aviation have been formally included in the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). Airlines from outside the EU have struggled to find an escape from this arguably unfair decision. China, the United States, Russia, India, and representatives from nineteen other countries signed the Moscow Joint Declaration in February of 2012 to demonstrate opposition to the EU’s unilaterally enacted aviation carbon tax. Originally, the EU had no intention of canceling or suspending its plan to tax the aviation industry’s carbon emissions; however, after international pressure from a number of opposing countries and airlines, the EU decided to suspend the implementation of the aviation portion of the ETS. This article will discuss the legal issues surrounding the EU ETS and its potential impact on China's aviation industry.
A Review: The Pharmacology of Isoliquiritigenin (2015)

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is one of the bioactive ingredients isolated from the roots of plants belonging to licorice, including Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Mongolian glycyrrhiza, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and so forth. Liquiritigenin is available in common foods and alternative medicine, and its derivative-ISL is applied into food additives and disease treatment like cancer therapy, antibiotic therapy, and so on. This review aims at providing a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological activities of ISL. The information published between 1972 and 2014 from a number of reliable sources including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Wiley-Blackwell. The practical application of ISL on the various disease prevention and treatments may stem from its numerous pharmacological properties such as antiinflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anticancer activities, immunoregulatory, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects. However, further studies are needed to verify the target-organ toxicity or side effects investigation.
Snake Venom Prothrombin Activators Homologous to Blood Coagulation Factor Xa (2001)

We have recently determined the complete amino acid sequence of trocarin, a group D prothrombin activator from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus (Australian rough-scaled snake). This proteinase is both functionally and structurally similar to mammalian blood coagulation factor Xa. It shows approximately 70% homology and possesses the characteristic Gla domain, two EGF domains and serine proteinase domain. To examine structure-function relationships, we generated a molecular model of trocarin based on a human factor Xa des-Gla crystal structure (1xka) as template. Based on known sites of interaction between mammalian factor Xa, factor Va and prothrombin, structure-function relationships of trocarin were explored. Unlike factor Xa, trocarin is glycosylated and has a large carbohydrate moiety at the entrance to its active site pocket. This might contribute to differences observed in the kinetics of hydrolysis of synthetic substrates by trocarin as compared to human factor Xa. A Ca(2+)-binding loop present in the heavy chain of factor Xa also seems to be lost in trocarin. In addition to its role in hemostasis, factor Xa shows other biological effects, including inflammation via its interaction with effector protease receptor-1 (EPR-1). Interestingly, the EPR-1 recognition site is distinctly different in trocarin, the functional consequences of which are being investigated.
Scheduling with predictable link reliability for wireless networked control (2015)

Predictable link reliability is required for wireless networked control, yet co-channel interference remains a major source of uncertainty in wireless link reliability. Integrating the protocol model's locality and the physical model's high fidelity, the physical-ratio-K (PRK) interference model has the potential to enable distributed, predictable control of co-channel interference and thus predictable link reliability. To realize the potential of the PRK model, we design protocol PRKS that addresses the challenge of instantiating the PRK model in the presence of network and environmental uncertainties. Formulating the PRK-model-instantiation problem as a minimum-variance regulation control problem, in particular, PRKS uses a control-theoretic approach to instantiating the PRK model on the fly. Through testbed-based measurement study, we show that, unlike existing scheduling protocols where link reliability is unpredictable and the ratio of links whose reliability meets application requirements can be as low as 0%, PRKS enables predictably high link reliability (e.g., 95%) for all the links in different network and environmental conditions without a priori knowledge of these conditions. Through local, distributed coordination, PRKS also achieves a channel spatial reuse very close to what is enabled by the state-of-the-art centralized scheduler while ensuring the required link reliability. By ensuring the required link reliability in scheduling, PRKS also enables a lower communication delay and a higher network throughput than existing scheduling protocols.
The Analysis of Dark Signals in the CMOS APS Imagers From the Characterization of Test Structures (2004)

The characteristics of dark signals have been investigated in the CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) with test structures fabricated using the deep-submicron CMOS technology. It is found that the periphery of the photodiode (PD) is the dominant source of dark currents in our test structure, and this factor is very sensitive to the distance between the sidewall of the shallow trench isolation and the n-type region of the PD. The dark currents from the transfer gate can be effectively reduced by the tail of p/sup +/ region on the surface of the transfer gate, and those from the floating diffusion (FD) node were estimated to be negligible in the normal operational mode. However, because of the enhanced thermal generation velocity caused by the severe process-induced damages, the FD node was considered as the main source of increased dark currents in the single frame capture mode. The characteristics of quantized dark currents causing the white pixels in the CMOS APS were examined using the dark current spectroscopy method. Three distinct deep-level bulk traps have been identified with the location in the silicon bandgap at |E/sub t/-E/sub i/|/spl sim/0.020 (eV), |E/sub t/-E/sub i/|/spl sim/0.082 (eV), and |E/sub t/-E/sub i/|/spl sim/0.058 (eV), and capture cross sections of 7.80/spl times/10/sup -15/ cm/sup 2/, 1.83/spl times/10/sup -13/ cm/sup 2/, and 1.46/spl times/10/sup -13/ cm/sup 2/ respectively.
A Novel Anabolic Agent: A Simvastatin Analogue without HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitory Activity (2014)

For the first time, structural information regarding the role of simvastatin in bone anabolism is described, and a bone-specific statin is introduced. Polyaspartate-conjugated simvastatin was synthesized by solid-phase synthesis with the assistance of microwave irradiation. It displays significant bone targeting and bone formation with less toxicity than simvastatin.
Allergens in hymenoptera venom XII: how much protein is in a sting? (1984)

The protein content of insect venoms was determined using a Coomassie blue dye binding assay as well as the Lowry phenol assay. The Lowry method tended to give excessively high values with many of the venoms because of the presence of low molecular weight phenolic compounds and other interfering substances. Using the dye binding method honey bee stings were found to contain 59 +/- 7 micrograms of protein, bumblebee and carpenter bee stings from 10 to 31 micrograms, yellow jacket stings from 1.7 to 3.1 micrograms, white faced hornet stings 2.4 to 5.0 micrograms and paper wasp stings from 4.2 to 17 micrograms protein. This is in good agreement with the value of 50 micrograms previously estimated for honey bee stings and is the first reported data for the other species.