gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical tests of noninvasive optoacoustic cerebral venous oxygenation monitoring system (2009)

Monitoring of cerebral venous oxygenation is critically important for management of patients with traumatic brain injury and cardiac surgery patients. At present, there is no technique for noninvasive, accurate monitoring of this important physiologic parameter. We built a compact optoacoustic system for noninvasive, accurate cerebral venous oxygenation monitoring using a novel optoacoustic probe and algorithm that allow for direct probing of sagittal sinus blood with minimal signal contamination from other tissues. We tested the system in large animal and clinical studies and identified wavelengths for accurate measurement of cerebral blood oxygenation. The studies demonstrated that the system may be used for noninvasive, continuous, and accurate monitoring of cerebral venous blood oxygenation.
Monitoring Axial Strain in Synthetic Fiber Mooring Ropes Using Polymeric Optical Fibers (2003)

Synthetic fiber ropes constructed of polyester are providing an important new technology for mooring deep-water drilling and production platforms. Considerable effort is being directed toward advancing and qualifying this enabling and cost-effective technology. To date, synthetic fiber mooring ropes have been successfully deployed in Brazil and they have seen limited service in the Gulf of Mexico. Synthetic fiber mooring ropes have high strength-to-weight ratios and possess adequate stiffness, but they are much more susceptible to damage than their steel counterparts. Future safe deployment of synthetic fiber mooring ropes would be significantly enhanced if a reliable technique were available to monitor the performance of the ropes in service and thus provide an early warning of the loss of structural integrity. Test data in the open literature indicates that the strain in the rope at failure is essentially a constant independent of load path or history. Measurement of the accumulated strain in the rope should thus provide a reliable benchmark with which to estimate the remaining life and establish criteria for rope recertification or retirement. This paper discusses the results of research and development activities aimed at developing a reliable, robust method for monitoring strain in braided and twisted strand Synthetic Fiber Mooring Ropes [1]. The strain transducer is a polymeric optical fiber, integrated into the mooring rope and interrogated with Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) to measure changes in its length as the optical fiber and rope are stressed. The method provides a direct measurement of large axial strains. Strains measured in polymeric optical fibers exhibit good one-to-one correlation with applied strains within the test range studied (10% or less, typically). The integrated polymeric optical fiber has been shown to withstand large numbers of repeated cycles to high strains without failure and to accurately track the hysteresis exhibited by polyester rope. Results are reported for tests conducted with polymeric optical fibers integrated into typical mooring rope elements.
Cloning and expression of a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene from<i>Halomonas variabilis</i> (2006)

A novel 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene of 1.35 kb was cloned from a cosmid library of Halomonas variabilis HTG7, inserted into vector pET-28a (+) and transformed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). EPSPS was over-expressed in soluble form after induction with IPTG at 30 degrees C and it showed a single band in SDS-PAGE, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 51 kD. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis showed that there is little homology with the aroA genes which encode glyphosate-tolerant EPSPS in known sources, such as E. coli K12 and Agrobacterium sp. CP4. The over-expressed EPSPS was purified on nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid resin and detected by Western blotting analysis. Enzyme activity measurements demonstrated that there were 4.27 units/mg in cell extract, compared with 0.049 units/mg of the control. There is an 87-fold increase in specific activity for EPSPS.
A Novel Method of Characterizing Post-laser Anneal Surface Conditions for the 45nm Process Technology Node (2008)

With continuous scaling of device dimensions in advanced technology nodes, ultra-shallow and low-resistivity junctions are needed to suppress short-channel effects and improve device performance. Controlling across-wafer anneal temperature uniformity and minimizing pattern density effects are critical in enabling these Ultra-Shallow Junctions (USJ) for the 45nm node and beyond. One promising method is picosecond Laser Spike Anneal (LSA) 2, 3, . This process enables highly localized elevated temperatures for rapid annealing of implant layers without impacting the process thermal budget. However, slip line defects and other surface damage are often induced by rapid heating of the substrate during the LSA process. Consequently, understanding and characterizing the surface condition of post-anneal wafers are critical in order to develop a robust LSA process. Traditional defect detection techniques either cannot detect slip line defects efficiently (brightfield/ darkfield patterned wafer inspectors) or provide information from only a small portion of the wafer (optical microscopes), as seen in Figure 1. A similar situation exists with regard to understanding post-anneal wafer surface morphology. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) can provide accurate and quantitative surface information, but its speed is unsuitable for full-wafer characterization and production monitoring.
Kirigami metamaterials for reconfigurable toroidal circular dichroism (2018)

The ancient paper craft of kirigami has recently emerged as a potential tool for the design of functional materials. Inspired by the kirigami concept, we propose a class of kirigami-based metamaterials whose electromagnetic functionalities can be switched between nonchiral and chiral states by stretching the predesigned split-ring resonator array. Single-band, dual-band, and broadband circular polarizers with reconfigurable performance are experimentally demonstrated with maximum circular dichroism of 0.88, 0.94, and 0.92, respectively. The underlying mechanism is explained and calculated via detailed analysis of the excited multipoles, including the electric, magnetic, and toroidal dipoles and quadrupole. Our approach enables tailoring the electromagnetic functionalities in kirigami patterns and provides an alternate avenue for reconfigurable optical metadevices with exceptional mechanical properties.
Drosophila <i>syntaxin</i> Is Required for Cell Viability and May Function in Membrane Formation and Stabilization (1996)

The role of the Drosophila homologue of syntaxin-1A (syx) in neurotransmission has been extensively studied. However, developmental Northern analyses and in situ hybridization experiments show that SYX mRNA is expressed during all stages and in many tissues. We have isolated new mutations in syx that reveal roles for syx outside the nervous system. In the ovary, SYX is present in the germarium, but it is predominantly localized to nurse cell membranes. Mitotic recombination experiments in the germline show SYX is essential for oogenesis and may participate in membrane biogenesis in the nurse cells. In the early embryo, a large contribution of maternally deposited RNA is present, and the protein is localized at cell membranes during cellularization. After the maternal contribution is depleted, zygotically produced SYX assists secretion events occurring late in embryogenesis, such as cuticle deposition and neurotransmitter release. However, SYX is also required in larval imaginal discs, as certain hypomorphic mutant combinations exhibit rough eyes and wing notch defects indicative of cell death. Furthermore, recombinant clones that lack syx cause cell lethality in the developing eye. We propose that, similar to its roles in cuticle secretion and neurotransmitter release, SYX may mediate membrane assembly events throughout Drosophila development.
Development of device-to-device(D2D) communication based new mobile proximity multimedia service business models (2013)

Mobile and wireless technology is advancing forward to deliver more connected devices and richer multimedia content and applications. The number of mobile subscriptions continues to grow along with an explosive increase in the mobile data traffic demand. Thereby, it creates a significant network capacity shortage concerns for mobile network operators. In order to address this problem, it is essential to increase the network capacity at a low additional cost. The device-to-device (D2D) communication based proximity service is believed to have a promising future mobile communication technology that is capable to create new mobile service opportunities and offload traffic to the eNB. In this article, we present perspectives, possibilities and challenging issues of the D2D communication based new mobile proximity multimedia services. Based on the scenario analysis process, we propose three types of D2D services, an Ad hoc D2D type, an agent-based D2D type and a mesh D2D type. Finally, we argue on the several challenging issues that are essential in provisioning the D2D based proximity services.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient One‐Pot Methodology for the Primary Aminomethylation of Electron Rich Heterocycles. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Anti-Inflammatory Isoflavonoids from the Stems of<i>Derris scandens</i> (2004)

Fractionation of the aqueous extract of Derris scandens stems extract using tests for eicosanoid inhibition resulted in the isolation of three isoflavonoids, genistein, its 7- O-alpha-rhamno(1-->6)-beta-glucosyl glycoside, a new compound, and two known isoprenyl derivatives 3'-gamma,gamma-dimethylallylweighteone and scandenin. The isoprenylated compounds showed a high inhibitory effect on eicosanoid production in vitro but HPLC analysis showed that the genistein accounted for most of the activity of the total extract. Antioxidant studies showed that genistein and the isoprenylated compounds showed activity comparable to standard antioxidants. Genistein and its glycoside demonstrated no cytotoxicity in the MTT test but the prenylated compounds showed some toxicity and also increased LDH release from polymorphonucleocytes, at concentrations much greater than would be encountered in an aqueous extract of D. scandens.
Turning back from the brink: Detecting an impending regime shift in time to avert it (2009)

Ecological regime shifts are large, abrupt, long-lasting changes in ecosystems that often have considerable impacts on human economies and societies. Avoiding unintentional regime shifts is widely regarded as desirable, but prediction of ecological regime shifts is notoriously difficult. Recent research indicates that changes in ecological time series (e.g., increased variability and autocorrelation) could potentially serve as early warning indicators of impending shifts. A critical question, however, is whether such indicators provide sufficient warning to adapt management to avert regime shifts. We examine this question using a fisheries model, with regime shifts driven by angling (amenable to rapid reduction) or shoreline development (only gradual restoration is possible). The model represents key features of a broad class of ecological regime shifts. We find that if drivers can only be manipulated gradually management action is needed substantially before a regime shift to avert it; if drivers can be rapidly altered aversive action may be delayed until a shift is underway. Large increases in the indicators only occur once a regime shift is initiated, often too late for management to avert a shift. To improve usefulness in averting regime shifts, we suggest that research focus on defining critical indicator levels rather than detecting change in the indicators. Ideally, critical indicator levels should be related to switches in ecosystem attractors; we present a new spectral density ratio indicator to this end. Averting ecological regime shifts is also dependent on developing policy processes that enable society to respond more rapidly to information about impending regime shifts.
Cationic polymerization of ?-pinene with the AlCl3/SbCl3 binary catalyst: Comparison with ?-pinene polymerization (1996)

The polymerization of β-pinene with the AlCl3/SbCl3 binary catalyst was investigated in toluene at −40°C and was compared with that of α-pinene. The polymerization of β-pinene with AlCl3 alone was very rapid and retarded on addition of SbCl3, in sharp contrast to that of α-pinene where added SbCl3 remarkably accelerated it to give relatively high molecular weight oligomers. Attempted copolymerization of the two isomers with the binary catalyst, in turn, induced their parallel homopolymerizations, indicating that the copolymerization was difficult due to the large difference in reactivity. The homopolymerizations with AlCl3/SbCl3 were not seriously affected by a sterically hindered base, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine (DTBMP); the initiating species, therefore, would be different in nature from a proton. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
First Arrival Seismic Tomography Based on Fat Ray (2007)

P156 First Arrival Seismic Tomography Based on Fat Ray B Ke* (BGP CNPC) J. Zhang (Xiamen University China) B. Chen (BGP CNPC) & B. Zhao (BGP CNPC) SUMMARY It is widely recognized nowadays that the first arrival seismic tomography is one of the robust ways to estimate the near surface velocity model. However the first arrival tomography is still less perfect. In this paper we introduce the fat ray into the first arrival seismic tomography in order to reduce the dimension of the null space of the tomography matrix and improve the resolution of the inversion results. Thus although the
An extended and integrated digital image correlation technique applied to the analysis of fractured samples (2009)

To reduce the measurement uncertainty, a measurement technique is proposed for estimating full displacement fields by complementing digital image correlation with an additional penalization on the distance between the estimated displacement field and its projection onto the space of elastic solutions. The extended finite element method is used for inserting discontinuities independently of the underlying mesh. An application to the brittle fracture of a silicon carbide specimen is used to illustrate the application. To complete the analysis, the crack tip location and the stress intensity factors are estimated. This allows for a characterization of the measurement and identification procedure in terms of uncertainty.
A parallel systems approach to universal receivers (1991)

The problem of communication over a channel with unknown characteristics is addressed. The true channel is from a known set of channels, but the transmitter and receiver do not know which of these channels is actually in effect. The goal of a universal receiver is to provide nearly optimal demodulation regardless of the channel that is actually in effect. A parallel receiver implementation is proposed for a universal scheme to cope with such uncertainty. The parallel system consists of a finite number of receivers with the property that, for each channel in the set, the performance of at least one of the receivers will be within a specified performance range. Data verification is accomplished by an appropriate coding system. Sufficient conditions for the existence of such a universal receiver for a prescribed set of channels are established, procedures are outlined for the receiver design, and an example is given to illustrate the applicability of the theory. For M-ary signaling it is shown that, from an information-theoretic viewpoint, the data verification can be achieved at no extra cost by use of the intrinsic side information that is provided by an appropriate coding scheme that also provides error correction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Deamination of 5-Methylcytosine Residues in Mammalian Cells (2009)

DNA demethylation in mammalia occurs after fertilization and during embryogenesis and accompanies cell aging and cancer transformation. With the help of the primer extension reaction, MALDI MS and DNA cleavage by thymine DNA glycosylase deamination of 5-methylcytosine residues has been shown to take place when the model methylated DNA duplexes are treated with nuclear extracts from the cell lines СНO, HeLa, and Skov3. The hypothesis that deamination of 5-methylcytosine is the first stage of demethylation in mammalia has been postulated.
Virtual circuit connection method for RSVP multicastingsupportingheterogeneous receivers on the ATM network (1998)

The authors suggest a novel virtual circuit connection method based on the reverse traversing technique to minimise the waste of network bandwidth resources, when the internet protocol multicast is interoperated using the resource reservation protocol over an asynchronous transfer mode network. Simulation results show that, as the number of receivers increases, the bandwidth requirements on all links of the network of the proposed scheme become more advantageous than those of other conventional methods.
Measuring the Reflecting Regions in the Troposphere (1937)

During the routine investigation of the E and F regions of the ionosphere, it was found that the supposed ground wave was undergoing severe fluctuations. This phenomenon pointed to reflections from regions at low atmospheric heights. In order to separate these reflections from the ground wave, it was necessary to design a device for producing very short pulses and to make a rapid sweep for the oscilloscope. A positively synchronized thyratron modulator instrument gave a regular succession of pulses each lasting for four microseconds. The receiving antenna was in the form of a loop rotatable about both the horizontal and vertical axes. This permitted a weakening of the ground wave, thus producing better resolution of the received pulses. The short pulse receiver consisted of three stages of radio-frequency amplification and a detector operated from a 110-volt alternating-current circuit. A voltage limiting arrangement on the oscilloscope gave a maximum velocity synchronized sweep of 9000 inches per second. With this equipment, several stratified layers from one to 12 kilometers high were discovered, with occasional echoes from 15 to 65 kilometers. Frequencies of 1614, 2398, and 3492.5 kilocycles were used.
Diagnosis? (1995)

A 72-year-old Romanian-born male, in Can ada for the past 12 years, was in good health un til he de vel oped peri anal pain and pre sented to a lo cal clinic. He was treated with oral amoxicil lin and sitzbaths for a pre sump tive peri anal ab scess. Due to the pain, dis com fort and an al ge sic medi ca tions, he claimed to have be come an orec tic and lost 10 kg over four to six weeks. He de nied fe vers, sweats or chills. He could re call no trauma to the area. He un der went an in ci sion and drain age of the area at a lo cal hos pi tal there af ter, and noted non heal ing of the area over the next sev eral months. He was re ferred to a co lo rec tal sur geon eight months af ter the pain first started, who noted a tender non heal ing peri anal fis tula. Sur gi cal ex cision of the fis tula and lo cal debride ment were fol lowed by local pack ing.
The leucocyte β2 (CD18) integrins: the structure, functional regulation and signalling properties (2012)

Leucocytes are highly motile cells. Their ability to migrate into tissues and organs is dependent on cell adhesion molecules. The integrins are a family of heterodimeric transmembrane cell adhesion molecules that are also signalling receptors. They are involved in many biological processes, including the development of metazoans, immunity, haemostasis, wound healing and cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. The leucocyte-restricted β2 integrins comprise four members, namely αLβ2, αMβ2, αXβ2 and αDβ2, which are required for a functional immune system. In this paper, the structure, functional regulation and signalling properties of these integrins are reviewed.
Chroma-based statistical audio features for audio matching (2006)

Large music collections often contain several recordings of the same piece of music, which are interpreted by various musicians and possibly arranged in different instrumentations. Given a short query audio clip, an important task in audio retrieval is to automatically and efficiently identify all corresponding audio clips irrespective of the specific interpretation or instrumentation. In view of this problem, which is also referred to as audio matching, the main contribution of this paper is to introduce a new type of audio feature that strongly correlates to the harmonic progression of the audio signal. In addition, our feature shows a high degree of robustness to variations in parameters such as dynamics, timbre, articulation, and local tempo deviations. The feature design is carried out in two stages basically taking short-time statistics over chroma-based energy distributions. Here, the chroma correspond to the 12 traditional pitch classes of the equal-tempered scale. Applied to audio matching on a large audio database consisting of a wide range of classical music (112 hours of audio material), our features proved to be a powerful tool providing accurate matchings in an efficient way concerning time as well as memory requirements.
Photochemistry of colloidal semiconductors 24. Interparticle electron transfer in Cd<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub>—TiO<sub>2</sub> and Cd<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub>—ZnO sandwich structures (1987)

Abstract Colloidal solutions of Q‐Cd 3 P 2 of different particle size were illuminated with visible light. The solutions also contained colloidal TiO 2 or ZnO. The fluorescence of Cd 3 P 2 was quenched by the oxide colloids. The rate of the photo‐anodic corrosion in aerated solution was drastically increased by TiO 2 , the quantum yield being 0.7. These effects are explained in terms of improved charge separation by rapid electron transfer from illuminated Cd 3 P 2 into the conduction band of TiO 2 or ZnO particles that are bonded to the Cd 3 P 2 particles. — Electron injection into ZnO was more efficient for Q‐Cd 3 P 2 particles of smaller size. This is attributed to the shift of the conduction band to more negative potentials in these particles. The injected electrons caused a blue‐shift of the absorption threshold of the ZnO part of the Cd 3 P 2 —ZnO sandwich structure.
100 Top Games Apps (2013)

100 incredible apps for smartphones, tablets and desktops. With quick-fire tips, tricks and cheats this brilliant new books rattles through the most popular games, organising them into various sections - adventure, strategy, shoot-em-up, puzzle etc. So from Angry Birds to Temple Run, from Paper Toss to Fruit Ninja, this guide is great fun for every games fanatic. Features either free or cheap apps across all major formats.