gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preclinical evaluation of HBY 097, a new nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication (1995)

HBY 097 [(S)-4-isopropoxycarbonyl-6-methoxy-3-(methylthiomethyl)-3, 4-dihydroquinoxaline-2(1H)-thione] was selected from a series of quinoxalines as a nonnucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (NNRTI). HBY 097 was shown to be a highly potent inhibitor of HIV-1 induced cell killing and HIV-1 replication in a variety of human cell lines as well as in fresh human peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages. The compound was also active against a variety of clinical isolates of HIV-1 including different HIV-1 subtypes and viruses resistant to 3'-deoxy-3'-azidothymidine. Mutant reverse transcriptases which arise as a consequence of treatment with other nonnucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase were still inhibited by HBY 097 at relatively low concentrations. An HIV-1MN variant resistant to inhibition by HBY 097 displayed in the reverse transcriptase gene a mutation causing a substitution at position 190 of a glutamic acid for a glycine residue (G190 --> E), which is characteristic for quinoxaline derivatives. The drug was demonstrated to possess a favorable toxicity profile and to show good oral bioavailability in both mice and dogs. As a consequence of its outstanding properties, HBY 097 was selected for further development and is at present undergoing clinical trials.
Supported coordination polymerization: a unique way to potent polyolefin carbon nanotube nanocomposites (2004)

Homogeneous surface coating of long carbon nanotubes is achieved by in situ polymerization of ethylene as catalyzed directly from the nanotube surface-treated by a highly active metallocene-based complex and allows for the break-up of the native nanotube bundles leading, upon further melt blending with HDPE, to high-performance polyolefinic nanocomposites.
System-Level Modeling Environment: MLDesigner (2008)

System modeling has the potential to enhance system design productivity by providing a platform for system performance evaluations. This model must be designed at an abstract level, hiding system details. However, it must represent any subsystem or its components at any level of specification details as needed. In order to model such a system, we will need to combine various models-of-computation (MOC). MOCs provide a framework to model various algorithms and activities, while accounting for and exploiting concurrency and synchronization aspects. Along with supporting various MOCs, a modeling environment should also support a well developed library. In this paper, we have explored and compared various system modeling environments. MLDesigner is one such modeling environment that supports a well developed library and integrates various MOCs. We discuss the process of system modeling with MLDesigner. We further present an abstract model of a network-on-chip (NoC) in MLDesigner and show latency results for various customizable parameters for this model.
[Magnetic resonance imaging character in chronic injury of the elbows in athletes]. (2010)

MRI is a susceptible method for the diagnoses of chronic injury of the elbow.
Characterization of the Inflammatory Reaction in the Peripheral Airways of Cigarette Smokers Using Immunocytochemistry (1992)

Lung tissue from 20 patients undergoing resection for a peripheral carcinoma was studied using monoclonal antibodies to identify inflammatory cell types in the peripheral airways and to determine the location of the bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). The patients were grouped according to their percent predicted FEV1 (%FEV1) into obstructed (%FEV1 less than 80%) and control (%FEV1 greater than 80%). The resected lungs were filled with dilute cryoembedding media (Tissue-Tek R), frozen over liquid nitrogen, sliced into 2-cm sagittal slices using a band saw, and sampled using a cork bore. Ten serial histologic sections cut from these samples were stained with monoclonal antibodies for specific inflammatory cell types, which were counted and expressed per square millimeter of airway wall area. The results showed that the patients with airway obstruction had more B-lymphocytes in the airway adventitia than did the control subjects (p less than 0.001) and that the number of submucosal polymorphonuclear leukocytes is related to the amount smoked (p less than 0.02). They also show the BALT has a different distribution in human than in rodent lungs in that the lymphoid collections are found in the outer walls of the airway rather than in the submucosa.
Alpha‐2‐macroglobulin: A physiological guardian (2012)

Alpha macroglobulins are large glycoproteins which are present in the body fluids of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2 M), a key member of alpha macroglobulin superfamily, is a high-molecular weight homotetrameric glycoprotein. α2 M has many diversified and complex functions, but it is primarily known by its ability to inhibit a broad spectrum of proteases without the direct blockage of the protease active site. α2 M is also known to be involved in the regulation, transport, and a host of other functions. For example, apart from inhibiting proteinases, it regulates binding of transferrin to its surface receptor, binds defensin and myelin basic protein, etc., binds several important cytokines, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and modify their biological activity. α2 M also binds a number of hormones and regulates their activity. α2 M is said to protect the body against various infections, and hence, can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of a number of diseases. However, this multipurpose antiproteinse is not "fail safe" and could be damaged by reactive species generated endogenously or exogenously, leading to various pathophysiological conditions.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats (2005)

Although the finding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in caged palm civets from live animal markets in China has provided evidence for interspecies transmission in the genesis of the SARS epidemic, subsequent studies suggested that the civet may have served only as an amplification host for SARS-CoV. In a surveillance study for CoV in noncaged animals from the wild areas of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, we identified a CoV closely related to SARS-CoV (bat-SARS-CoV) from 23 (39%) of 59 anal swabs of wild Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) by using RT-PCR. Sequencing and analysis of three bat-SARS-CoV genomes from samples collected at different dates showed that bat-SARS-CoV is closely related to SARS-CoV from humans and civets. Phylogenetic analysis showed that bat-SARS-CoV formed a distinct cluster with SARS-CoV as group 2b CoV, distantly related to known group 2 CoV. Most differences between the bat-SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV genomes were observed in the spike genes, ORF 3 and ORF 8, which are the regions where most variations also were observed between human and civet SARS-CoV genomes. In addition, the presence of a 29-bp insertion in ORF 8 of bat-SARS-CoV genome, not in most human SARS-CoV genomes, suggests that it has a common ancestor with civet SARS-CoV. Antibody against recombinant bat-SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein was detected in 84% of Chinese horseshoe bats by using an enzyme immunoassay. Neutralizing antibody to human SARS-CoV also was detected in bats with lower viral loads. Precautions should be exercised in the handling of these animals.
In situ growth of Au nanoparticles on Fe2O3 nanocrystals for catalytic applications (2012)

Gold nanoparticles are successfully grown in situ on α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals through a cysteine-linked seed-planting approach followed by photo-assisted growth. The size of the gold particles on α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals can be further tuned from 2 to 20 nm by using photoinduced seed-mediation strategy. The formed Au-α-Fe2O3 hetero-nanoparticles are highly dispersible in aqueous and alcohol solvents, and capable of efficient catalysis for 4-nitrophenol reduction. In addition, they also show promoted photocatalytic efficiencies for visible-light-driven dye degradation and water oxidation due to the enhancement by surface plasmon resonance of the attached gold nanoparticles. The present strategy gives a promising way to prepare hetero-nanostructures composed by metal oxide nanocrystals and metal nanoparticles with tailorable sizes for broad applications in catalysis and photocatalysis.
A Very High Slew-Rate Dynamic CMOS Operational Amplifier (1988)

We present a dynamic CMOS operational amplifier with a special input circuit which injects an extra bias current to increase the slew-rate, depending on the input signal. The performance of this operational amplifier is compared to a conventional operational amplifier when used in a sample&hold circuit. The maximum operating clock frequency of the sample&hold circuit increases from 290 kHz up to 1 MHz with a hold-capacitor of 1 nF. The amplifier has been fabricated in a 5 μm CMOS process and dissipates a static power of 7.5 mW.
ChemInform Abstract: MOESSBAUER RESONANCE STUDY OF BROWN FERRIC OXYHYDROXIDE GEL (1977)

Abstract Das braune Fe(III)‐ oxidhydroxidgel ist bis herab zu 77 Ksuperparamagnetisch.
Asthma (1997)

For unknown reasons, the morbidity and mortality from asthma are increasing in many parts of the world, making it a global health concern. The heterogeneous nature of the clinical manifestations and therapeutic responses of asthma in both adult and pediatric patients indicate that it may be more of a syndrome rather than a specific disease entity. Numerous factors, including viral infections, allergen and irritant exposure, and exercise, among others, complicate both the short- and long-term management of asthma. Therapeutic intervention has focused on the appreciation that airway obstruction in asthma consists of bronchial smooth muscle spasm and variable degrees of airway inflammation characterized by edema, mucous secretion, and the influx of a variety of inflammatory cells. Choosing appropriate medications depends on the disease severity (intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, severe persistent), patterns of disease activity (exacerbations related to viruses, allergens, exercise, etc), and the age at onset (infancy, childhood, adulthood).
Method for Radioiodination of Proteins Using <i>N</i>-Succinimidyl 3-Hydroxy-4-iodobenzoate (1997)

A conjugation method has been developed for the radioiodination of proteins which should be adaptable to kit formulation. m-Hydroxybenzoic acid was converted to 3-hydroxy-4-[131I]iodobenzoic acid in 65% radiochemical yield using Chloramine-T as the oxidant. This intermediate was then converted to N-succinimidyl 3-hydroxy-4-[131I]iodobenzoate ([131I]mSHIB) in 75% yield by reaction with N-hydroxysuccinimide and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in a reaction time of only 10 min. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 81C6 was labeled in 40-60% yield by reaction with [131I]mSHIB. Performing purifications of radioiodinated compounds using cartridges instead of HPLC did not alter conjugation efficiency, mAb immunoreactivity, or tissue distribution. Thyroid uptake of labeled mAb was low but up to 2.4 times higher than that seen when the mAb was labeled with N-succinimidyl 3-[125I]-iodobenzoate. These results suggest that [131I]mSHIB may be a useful reagent for the radioiodination of proteins, particularly in contexts when less complicated purification methods would be advantageous.
Positron emission tomographic analysis of central dopamine D1 receptor binding in normal subjects treated with the atypical neuroleptic, SDZ MAR 327. (1998)

SDZ MAR 327 is a new neuroleptic agent with high in vitro affinity for dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of time after SDZ MAR 327 administration on central dopamine D1 receptor occupancy in healthy humans. Positron emission tomography (PET) with the dopamine D1 receptor ligand, [11C] SCH 23390, was performed in 6 male volunteers (age 22-34), in both the drug naive state and at 1, 2 and 4 h after a single oral dose of SDZ MAR 327 (9 mg). The pre and post drug treatment [11C] SCH 23390 dynamic data were analyzed using two different methods, each yielding a parameter proportional to the receptor density: i) a simple regional comparison approximating the specifically bound to free fraction, B/F; and ii) a two compartment, two parameter model yielding the apparent distribution volume DV". With both methods, a metabolite corrected arterial input function was used and the vascular fraction of tissue (Vb) was fixed at a previously determined value of 4%. Method I served as a qualitative comparison of the paired studies and demonstrated little difference between the pre and post drug conditions, method II also confirmed that there was no significant change in binding of [11C] SCH 23390 in the striatum. These data indicate that SDZ MAR 327 produces little if any effect on dopamine D1 receptor binding at the dose used.
Diffusion Behavior of n-Alkanes by Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2002)

In this paper we have presented the results of diffusion behavior of model systems for eight liquid n-alkanes (C-12-C-44) in a canonical (NVT) ensemble at several temperatures using molecular dynamics simulations. For these n-alkanes of small chain length it, the chains are clearly <R-ee(2)>/6<R-g(2)>>l and non-Gaussian. This result implies that the liquid n-alkanes over the whole temperatures considered are far away from the Rouse regime, though the ratio becomes close to the unity as n increases. Calculated self-diffusion constants D-self are comparable with experimental results and the Arrhenius plot of self-diffusion constants versus inverse temperature shows a different temperature dependence of diffusion on the chain length. The global rotational motion of n-alkanes is examined by characterizing the orientation relaxation of the end-to-end vector and it is found that the ratio tau(1)/tau(2) is less than 3, the value expected for a isotropically diffusive rotational process. The friction constants zeta of the whole molecules of n-alkanes are calculated directly from the force auto-correlation (FAC) functions and compared with the monomeric friction constants zeta(D) extracted from D-self. Both the friction constants give a correct qualitative trends: decrease with increasing temperature and increase with increasing chain length. The friction constant calculated from the FAC&apos;s decreases very slowly with increasing temperature, while the monomeric friction constant varies rapidly with temperature, By considering the orientation relaxation of local vectors and diffusion of each site, it is found that rotational and translational diffusions of the ends are faster than those of the center.
Stress analysis of fiber-reinforced composite materials (1997)

1 Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials2 Linear Elastic Stress-Strain Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Material3 Prediction of Engineering Properties Using Micromechanics4 The Plane-Stress Assumption5 Plane-Stress, Stress-Strain Relations in a Global Coordinate System6 Classical Lamination Theory: The Kirchoff Hypothesis7 Classical Lamination Theory: Lamination Stiffness Matrix8 Classical Lamination Theory: Additonal Examples9 Failure Theories for Fiber-Reinforced Materials Maximum Stress Criterion10 Failure Theories for Fiber-Reinforced Materials The TSAI-Wu Criterion11 Environmentally-Induced Stresses in Laminates12 Through-Thickness Laminate Strains13 Introduction to Fiber-Reinforced Laminated Planes14 Appendix Manufacturing Composite Laminates
Using commercial immunoassay kits for mycotoxins: ‘joys and sorrows’? (2014)

Rapid test methods are widely used for measuring mycotoxins in a variety of matrices. This review presents an overview of the current commercially available immunoassay rapid test formats. Enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow tests, flow through immunoassay, fluorescent polarisation immunoassay, and immunoaffinity columns coupled with fluorometric assay are common formats in the current market. The two existing evaluation programs for commercial testing kits by United State Department of Agricultural Grain Inspection, Packers & Stockyards Administration (USDA-GIPSA) and AOAC Research Institute are introduced. The strengths and weaknesses of these test kits are discussed with regard to the application scope, variance, specificity and cross reactivity, accuracy and precision, and measurement range. Generally speaking, the current commercially available testing kits meet research and industrial needs as ‘fit-for-purpose’. Furthermore, quality assurance concerns and future perspectives are elaborated for broader application of commercial test kits in research, industry and regulatory applications. It is expected that new commercial kits based on advanced technologies such as electrochemical affinity biosensors, molecularly imprinted polymers, surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, aptamer-based biosensors and dynamic light scattering might be available to users in the future. Meanwhile, harmonisation of testing kit evaluation, incorporation of more quality assurance into the testing kit utilisation scheme, and a larger variety of kits available at lower cost will expand the usage of testing kits for food safety testing worldwide.
Present status of development of gas-purging and chemically clean technologies at ASET (2001)

Purging and contamination are two important issues that need to be treated in order to realize F<SUB>2</SUB> laser lithography system. For the purpose of developing gas-purging and chemically clean technologies, we designed and constructed an experimental set-up. It is used for the study of purging and out-gassing evaluation in order to obtain useful data for development of exposure system. Preliminary experiments showed that purging condition has a strong effect on the residual oxygen and water concentration in the final gas-replaced atmosphere. And we have found that the amount of out-gas depends on the surface finish method of the material used through analyses of impurity gas examination with or without laser irradiation.
The Use of Lead Shot for Protection from Gamma Radiation (1951)

Cavity walls filled with small lead shot may safely be used instead of solid lead, at least at thicknesses above 1·4 in., for personnel protection against γ rays. They are not suitable for shielding fixed objects such as photographic material. The diameter of the lead shot should not be greater than the effective diameter of the source.
Full Validation of an Analytical Method for the HIV-Protease Inhibitor Atazanavir in Combination With 8 Other Antiretroviral Agents and its Applicability to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (2006)

Because HIV medications are used in combination, it is important to develop multiplex assays to streamline the therapeutic drug monitoring process and provide rapid turnaround. This article reports full validation of an analytical method that combines atazanavir with 6 HIV-protease inhibitors (indinavir, amprenavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, and lopinavir) and 2 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nevirapine and efavirenz). Using 200 microL of plasma and a simple liquid-liquid extraction method, this analytical method achieved a clean baseline and high extraction efficiencies (90.0% to 99.5%). A Zorbax C-18 (150 x 4.6 mm, 3.5 microm) analytical column was used along with a 27-minute linear gradient elution of the mobile phase to provide sharp peaks at 210 nm. This method was validated over a range of 25 to 10,000 ng/mL and is accurate (90.4% to 110.5%) and precise (precision within a day and between days ranged from 2.3% to 8.3%). Because this method is simple and inexpensive, it may have applicability in countries with low resources.
A systolic array implementation of the Feng-Rao algorithm (1999)

An efficient implementation of a parallel version of the Feng-Rao algorithm on a one-dimensional systolic array is presented in this paper by adopting an extended syndrome matrix. Syndromes of the same order, lying on a slant diagonal in the extended syndrome matrix, are scheduled to be examined by a series of cells simultaneously and, therefore, a high degree of concurrency of the Feng-Rao algorithm can be achieved. The time complexity of the proposed architecture is m+g+1 by using a series of t+[g-1/2]+1, nonhomogeneous but regular, effective processors, called PE cells, and g trivial processors, called D cells, where t is designed as the half of the Feng-Rao bound. Each D cell contains only delay units, while each PE cell contains one finite-field inverter and, except the first one, one or more finite-field multipliers. Cell functions of each PE cell are basically the same and the overall control circuit of the proposed array is quite simple. The proposed architecture requires, in total, t+[g-1]+1 finite-field inverters and (t+[(g'1)/2])(t+[(g-1)/2]+1)/2 finite-field multipliers. For a practical design, this hardware complexity is acceptable.
Relational Database Design and Implementation, Third Edition: Clearly Explained 3e (2009)

Fully revised, updated, and expanded, Relational Database Design and Implementation, Third Edition is the most lucid and effective introduction to the subject available for IT/IS professionals interested in honing their skills in database design, implementation, and administration. This book provides the conceptual and practical information necessary to develop a design and management scheme that ensures data accuracy and user satisfaction while optimizing performance, regardless of experience level or choice of DBMS.The book begins by reviewing basic concepts of databases and database design, then briefly reviews the SQL one would use to create databases. Topics such as the relational data model, normalization, data entities and Codd's Rules (and why they are important) are covered clearly and concisely but without resorting to Dummies-style talking down to the reader.Supporting the book's step-by-step instruction are three NEW case studies illustrating database planning, analysis, design, and management practices. In addition to these real-world examples, which include object-relational design techniques, an entirely NEW section consisting of three chapters is devoted to database implementation and management issues. * Principles needed to understand the basis of good relational database design and implementation practices. * Examples to illustrate core concepts for enhanced comprehension and to put the book's practical instruction to work.* Methods for tailoring DB design to the environment in which the database will run and the uses to which it will be put.* Design approaches that ensure data accuracy and consistency.* Examples of how design can inhibit or boost database application performance.* Object-relational design techniques, benefits, and examples.* Instructions on how to choose and use a normalization technique.* Guidelines for understanding and applying Codd's rules.* Tools to implement a relational design using SQL.* Techniques for using CASE tools for database design.
INFLUENCE OF FEEDING FREQUENCY ON PASSAGE OF FLUID AND PARTICULATE MARKERS IN STEERS FED A CONCENTRATE DIET (1983)

Four beef steers were used to study the influence of feeding a 75% concentrate diet twice (2 ×) versus eight times (8 ×) daily on fluid and particulate passage rate estimates. Passage of ruthenium phenanthroline was not altered by feeding frequency; however, particulate dilution rates differed (P < 0.05) when determined by rumen sampling compared with fecal sampling in 2 ×, but not in 8 × steers. Passage of cobalt ethylenediamine tetracetic acid determined from fecal sampling was higher (P < 0.05) in 8 × than in 2 × steers, but ruminal estimates did not differ. Molar proportions of acetate and butyrate were higher (P < 0.05) and propionate lower (P < 0.05) in 8 × than in 2 × steers. Key words: Feeding frequency, particulate and fluid passage, rumen fermentation