gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Cross-Layer Association in 802.11-Based Mesh Networks (2007)

In IEEE 802.11-based wireless mesh networks a user is associated with an access point (AP) in order to communicate and be part of the overall network. The association mechanism specified by the IEEE 802.11 standard does not consider the channel conditions and the AP load in the association process. Employing the mechanism in its plain form in wireless mesh networks we may only achieve low throughput and low user transmission rates. In this paper, we propose an association mechanism that is aware of the uplink and downlink channel conditions. We introduce a metric that captures the channel conditions and the load of the APs in the network. The users use this metric in order to optimally associate with the available APs. We then extend the functionality of this mechanism in a cross-layer manner taking into account information from the routing layer. The novelty of the mechanism is that the routing QoS information of the back haul is available to the end users. This information can be combined with the uplink and downlink channel information for the purpose of supporting optimal end-to-end communication and providing high end-to-end throughput values. We evaluate the performance of our system through simulations and we show that 802.11-based mesh networks that use the proposed association mechanism are more capable in meeting the needs of QoS-sensitive applications.
Increased CK5/CK8-Positive Intermediate Cells with Stromal Smooth Muscle Cell Atrophy in the Mice Lacking Prostate Epithelial Androgen Receptor (2011)

Results from tissue recombination experiments documented well that stromal androgen receptor (AR) plays essential roles in prostate development, but epithelial AR has little roles in prostate development. Using cell specific knockout AR strategy, we generated pes-ARKO mouse with knock out of AR only in the prostate epithelial cells and demonstrated that epithelial AR might also play important roles in the development of prostate gland. We found mice lacking the prostate epithelial AR have increased apoptosis in epithelial CK8-positive luminal cells and increased proliferation in epithelial CK5-positive basal cells. The consequences of these two contrasting results could then lead to the expansion of CK5/CK8-positive intermediate cells, accompanied by stromal atrophy and impaired ductal morphogenesis. Molecular mechanism dissection found AR target gene, TGF-β(1), might play important roles in this epithelial AR-to-stromal morphogenesis modulation. Collectively, these results provided novel information relevant to epithelial AR functions in epithelial-stromal interactions during the development of normal prostate, and suggested AR could also function as suppressor in selective cells within prostate.
Management of cluster headache in the Emergency Department (2005)

Although cluster headache (CH) is considered one of the most distinctive and painful primary headache disorders in clinical practice because of the brevity of each attack, its management is not always ergonomic or possible in the Emergency Department. In case of a previously competent diagnosis, the Emergency Department's team should send the patient to a headache centre where specialists in the management of CH can handle the pathology in the best way. In our headache centre we treat patients with CH attacks with a hyperbaric chamber, confirming the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen in CH patients.
Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the rat parotid gland. (1984)

The structure of the rat parotid gland was studied in male rats from 4 hours up to 1 year after induction of diabetes by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg). Blood glucose and triglyceride levels were markedly increased, and plasma insulin levels were significantly decreased within 24 hours after STZ. The earliest detectable alteration in acinar cell structure was the presence of small lipid droplets in the basal cytoplasm at 24 hours. Lipid accumulation continued, reaching a peak at 4.5 months after STZ, when the acinar cells contained large lipid vacuoles. By 1 week the Golgi apparatus was enlarged and GERL was prominent at the trans Golgi face. Membrane-bound cytoplasmic crystalloids occurred in acinar cells 1 month after STZ administration and were numerous in older animals (10 to 12 months). These crystalloids occasionally were reactive for trimetaphosphatase, a cytochemical marker for lysosomes. Similar crystalloids as well as large, dense, phagosome-like bodies were also present in the striated duct cells. Macrophages containing acinar cell debris and crystalloids were frequently observed, often in association with the intercalated ducts. Focal alterations in the basement membranes, consisting of multiple layers, loops, and amorphous patches, and "redundant" folds, occurred as early as 2 months and were relatively frequent 10 to 12 months after STZ administration. These results suggest that maintenance of the normal structure and function of the rat parotid gland may, in part, be insulin dependent.
Spatial spectral estimation using a coprime sensor array with the min processor (2016)

A coprime sensor array (CSA) estimates the spatial power spectral density (PSD) of the observed signal by multiplying one conventionally beamformed subarray scanned response with the complex conjugate of the other. This product processor removes the CSA subarray spatial aliasing ambiguities, but has a peak sidelobe higher than the peak sidelobe of a fully populated uniform linear array (ULA). Moreover, the resulting PSD estimate is not necessarily positive semi-definite. This paper proposes choosing the minimum of the two CSA subarray scanned responses at each bearing to resolve the spatial aliasing ambiguities. The min processor achieves lower peak sidelobe height and total sidelobe area than the product processor and preserves the positive semi-definite property of the PSD. This paper presents closed form expressions for the first two moments of the CSA min PSD estimator. Simulation results show the min processor achieves a lower PSD estimate variance than the product processor while maintaining the same array resolution.
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Identifies Substrates and Products of Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 in Oxidized Human Low Density Lipoprotein (2007)

There is increasing evidence that modified phospholipid products of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation mediate inflammatory processes within vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) is present in vulnerable plaque regions where it acts on phospholipid oxidation products to generate the pro-inflammatory lysophsopholipids and oxidized non-esterified fatty acids. This association together with identification of circulating Lp-PLA(2) levels as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease provides a rationale for development of Lp-PLA(2) inhibitors as therapy for atherosclerosis. Here we report a systematic analysis of the effects of in vitro oxidation in the absence and presence of an Lp-PLA(2) inhibitor on the phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition of human LDL. Mass spectrometry identifies three classes of PC whose concentration is significantly enhanced during LDL oxidation. Of these, a series of molecules, represented by peaks in the m/z range 594-666 and identified as truncated PC oxidation products by accurate mass measurements using an LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer, are the predominant substrates for Lp-PLA(2). A second series of oxidation products, represented by peaks in the m/z range 746-830 and identified by LTQ Orbitrap analysis as non-truncated oxidized PCs, are quantitatively more abundant but are less efficient Lp-PLA(2) substrates. The major PC products of Lp-PLA(2), saturated and mono-unsaturated lyso-PC, constitute the third class. Mass spectrometric analysis confirms the presence of many of these PCs within human atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that they could potentially be used as in vivo markers of atherosclerotic disease progression and response to Lp-PLA(2) inhibitor therapy.
VM-based infrastructure for simulating different cluster and storage solutions used on ATLAS Tier-3 sites (2012)

ATLAS is a particle physics experiment on Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The experiment produces petabytes of data every year. The ATLAS Computing model embraces the Grid paradigm and originally included three levels of computing centres to be able to operate such large volume of data. With the formation of small computing centres, usually based at universities, the model was expanded to include them as Tier3 sites. The experiment supplies all necessary software to operate typical Grid-site, but Tier3 sites do not support Grid services of the experiment or support them partially. Tier3 centres comprise a range of architectures and many do not possess Grid middleware, thus, monitoring of storage and analysis software used on Tier2 sites becomes unavailable for Tier3 site system administrator and, also, Tier3 sites activity becomes unavailable for virtual organization of the experiment. In this paper we present ATLAS off-Grid sites monitoring software suite, which enables monitoring on sites, which are not under operation of ATLAS Distributed Computing software.
Epitaxial Photostriction–Magnetostriction Coupled Self-Assembled Nanostructures (2012)

Self-assembled vertical nanostructures take advantage of high interface-to-volume ratio and can be used to design new functionalities by the choice of a proper combination of constituents. However, most of the studies to date have emphasized the functional controllability of the nanostructures using external electric or magnetic fields. In this study, to introduce light (or photons) as an external control parameter in a self-assembled nanostructure system, we have successfully synthesized oxide nanostructures with CoFe(2)O(4) nanopillars embedded in a SrRuO(3) matrix. The combination of photostrictive SrRuO(3) and magnetostrictive CoFe(2)O(4) in the intimately assembled nanostructures leads to a light-induced, ultrafast change in magnetization of the CoFe(2)O(4) nanopillars. Our work demonstrates a novel concept on oxide nanostructure design and opens an alternative pathway for the explorations of diverse functionalities in heteroepitaxial self-assembled oxide nanostructures.
Radiologic Evaluation of the Insertion Sites of the 2 Functional Bundles of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Using 3-dimensional Computed Tomography (2009)

The insertion site characteristics of the AMB and PLB can be evaluated by predefined reconstructions of computed tomography scans. Clinical relevance These results can serve as orientation landmarks for intra- and postoperative radiographic control and fluoroscopic-based navigation.
Glycosaminoglycan synthesis during differentiation of HL60/HGPRT-leukemia cells induced by dimethyl sulfoxide and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. (1984)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polyanionic components of the cell surface that have been shown to play an important role in the cellular differentiation of many embryonic systems, as well as in the maturation of the developing human leukocyte. For this reason, the production of GAGs during the induction of myelocytic and macrophage-like differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cloned cell line HL60/HGPRT- was studied. The major GAG component of HL60/HGPRT- was chondroitin 4-sulfate. This molecule has been reported to be the major GAG constituent of normal granulocytes and myeloid leukemia cells as well. Treatment of HL60/HGPRT- cultures with dimethyl sulfoxide, which initiates myeloid maturation, or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate, which induces the formation of macrophage-like cells, resulted in a 43 and 34% reduction, respectively, of the incorporation of [35S]sulfate into total GAGs at a time when greater than 80% of the cells were morphologically immature and were unable to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium dye. This reduction occurred primarily in GAGs associated with the cells, which decreased by 75% after exposure to these agents. Therefore, the distribution of GAGs between the cellular and medium compartments was altered by exposure to inducers. A phorbol ester with no capacity to induce differentiation, 4 alpha-phorbol-12, 13-didecanoate, elicited a reproducible but less dramatic decrease in cell-associated GAGs. The reduction in [35S]-sulfate incorporation into GAGs, therefore, may be an important step in leukocyte differentiation and may provide a useful biochemical probe of the maturation process.
Watching Nanoparticles Grow (2003)

From catalysis to sunscreen, nanometer-scale particles already play an important role in applications. As more applications are envisioned, methods for monitoring nanoparticle growth are gaining in importance. In his Perspective,
 Thornton
 highlights the report by
 Renaud
 et al.
 , who have used grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) for real-time monitoring of a nanoparticle ensemble. The authors are able to follow the size and shape evolution of the particles during their growth. With some further modifications, the method should be suitable for measurements at elevated pressures, opening up a wide range of systems for in situ analysis.
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Radiofrequency Device for Vaginal Treatment. (2018)

The present results suggest that this novel RF-based device with continuous and fractional RF technologies is useful, safe and effective for treating vaginal relaxation and atrophy symptoms.
Influence of the quantum size effect for grazing electrons on the electronic conductivity of metal films (1997)

The thickness dependence of the electronic conductivity of thin (5–150 nm) single-crystal (100) films of refractory metals is investigated at different temperatures ranging from 4.2 K to room temperature. Regions of square-root, quasilinear, and quadratic dependences are observed. The quasilinear thickness dependence is explained by the influence of quantum effects on the transverse motion of electrons in the case when electron scattering by the film surfaces dominates. For macroscopic film thicknesses 30–50 nm, much greater than the Fermi wavelength of an electron, quantum corrections to the electronic conductivity reach values of the order of 50%. This is a consequence of the quantum size effect for grazing electrons, which leads to an anomaly in electron scattering by the film surfaces. The region of the quadratic thickness dependence corresponds to the quantum limit, and the square-root region corresponds to the classical limit. The effect is explained in a quasiclassical two-parameter model (the effective angle α* for small-angle electrons and the parameter γ, equal to the ratio of this angle to the diffraction angle) that takes into account the diffraction angular limits for grazing electrons. The effect occurs for parameters α*≪1 and γ∼1 and differs from the “ordinary” quantum size effect.
QoS considerations for DMT-based ADSL and VDSL systems (2002)

Thanks to their high bandwidth capability, asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSL) and very high speed DSL (VDSL) are access technologies that permit the transmission of several applications simultaneously on telephone subscriber lines. Considering that these applications may require a different quality of service (QoS), and particularly different bit error rates (BER), for transmission, this paper addresses the problem of providing simultaneously two BERs for transmission over a DMT-based ADSL or VDSL link. Both coded and uncoded systems are considered.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of Quantum Dot−Peptide Conjugates in Living Cells (2009)

Efficient intracellular delivery of quantum dots (QDs) and unravelling the mechanism underlying the intracellular delivery are essential for advancing the applications of QDs toward in vivo imaging and therapeutic interventions. Here, we show that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the most important pathway for the intracellular delivery of peptide-conjugated QDs. We selected an insect neuropeptide, namely, allatostatin (AST1, APSGAQRLYG FGL-NH(2)), conjugated it with CdSe-ZnS QDs, and investigated the intracellular delivery of the conjugate in living cells such as human epidermoid ovarian carcinoma cells (A431) and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (3T3). We selected AST1 to investigate the intracellular delivery of QDs because we recently found it to be efficient for delivering QDs in living mammalian cells. Also, the receptors of AST1 in insects show functional and sequence similarity to G-protein-coupled galanin receptors in mammals. We employed flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy and investigated the contributions of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and charge-based cell penetration or transduction to the intracellular delivery of QD-AST1 conjugates. Interestingly, the intracellular delivery was suppressed by approximately 57% when we inhibited the regulatory enzyme phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) with wortmannin and blocked the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. In parallel, we investigated clathrin-mediated endocytosis by colocalizing QD560-labeled clathrin heavy-chain antibody and QD605-AST1. We also estimated galanin receptor-mediated endocytosis of QD-AST1 at <10% by blocking the cells with a galanin antagonist and transduction at <30% by both removing the charge of the peptide due to arginine and suppressing the cell-surface charge due to glycosaminoglycan. In short, the current work shows that multiple pathways are involved in the intracellular delivery of peptide-conjugated QDs, among which clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the most important.
The Kw Recombinase, an Integrase from <i>Kluyveromyces Waltii</i> (1997)

Site-specific recombinases of the integrase family share limited amino-acid-sequence similarity, but use a common reaction mechanism to recombine distinct DNA target sites. Here we report the characterisation of the Kw site-specific recombinase, encoded on the 2 mu-like plasmid pKWS1 from the yeast Kluyveromyces waltii. Using in vitro-translated Kw recombinase, we show that the protein is able to bind and to recombine its putative DNA target site. Recombination is conservative and the Kw target site has a spacer of seven base pairs. We show that Kw recombinase is able to mediate recombination in a mammalian cell line, thus, it has potential for use as a tool for genomic manipulation in heterologous systems.
Nuclear antisense RNA induces extensive adenosine modifications and nuclear retention of target transcripts (1997)

Antisense RNA may regulate the expression of a number of eukaryotic genes, but little is known about its prevalence or mechanism of action. We have used a model system in which antisense control can be studied both genetically and biochemically. Late in polyoma virus infection, early-strand mRNA levels are down-regulated by nuclear antisense RNA from the late strand. Analysis of early-strand transcripts isolated late in infection revealed extensive base modifications. In many transcripts almost half of the adenosines were altered to inosines or guanosines. These results suggest modification of RNA duplexes by double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase or a related enzyme. Probes that detect only modified RNAs revealed that these molecules are not highly unstable, but accumulate within the nucleus and are thus inert for gene expression. Antisense-induced modifications can account for most or all of the observed regulation, with the lowered levels of early-strand RNAs commonly observed late in infection resulting from the fact that many transcripts are invisible to standard hybridization probes. This work suggests that similar antisense-mediated control mechanisms may also operate under physiological conditions in uninfected eukaryotic cells, and leads to the proposal that there is a novel pool of nuclear RNAs that cannot be seen with many molecular probes heretofore used.
Quick and selective synthesis of Li6[α-P2W18O62]·28H2O soluble in various organic solvents (2013)

Herein we report the synthesis of α-Dawson type POM, Li6[α-P2W18O62]·28H2O, directly from the use of Li2WO4 as the tungstate source. The salt obtained was soluble not only in water but also in a range of polar and non-polar organic solvents, such as benzene.
Correlation Between Random Telegraph Noise and $ \hbox{1}/f$ Noise Parameters in 28-nm pMOSFETs With Tip-Shaped SiGe Source/Drain (2012)

The random telegraph noise (RTN) characteristics of 28-nm pMOSFETs with tip-shaped SiGe source/drain have been investigated. RTN analysis found that strained devices undergo higher compressive strain; the trap position from the Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface is reduced, because of the closer trap energy level near the valence band. Although tip-shaped SiGe process induces higher oxide trap density, the trap position corresponding to the tunneling attenuation length (λ) may result in lower 1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> noise level in tip-shaped SiGe S/D devices as compared with that of control devices.
A Transmission Control Protocol for Long Distance High-Speed Wireless Communications (2017)

This paper proposes a transmission control protocol (TCP) for long distance high-speed wireless communications, including free-space optical communications (FSOC). Extreme high frequency of wireless communications enables high-speed bit rate, but frequent signal error, including burst error, can be a quite severe problem for ordinary high-speed TCPs. To achieve 10Gbps or higher data transfer throughput on FSOC, the proposed TCP (designated “TCP-FSO”) has improved and new features including multi-layer congestion control, retransmission control with packet loss point estimation, delay-based ACK congestion control, and ACK retransmission control. We evaluated data transfer throughput of TCP-FSO and the other TCPs, by throughput model analysis and experiment on real implementation. Obtained results show that TCP-FSO achieves far higher data transfer throughput than other high-speed TCPs. For example, it achieved a thousand times higher throughput than the other high-speed TCPs in a real FSOC environment.
Cytochrome P450 in the Brain ; A Review (2001)

After many frustrating decades of unsuccessful attempts to characterize the isoforms of P450 in the brain, several scientific breakthroughs in the 80s and 90s have resulted in major advances in our understanding of cytochromes P450 (CYP) in brain. We now know that classical CYP inducers, e.g. phenobarbital and pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile, which regulate drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver, are specific ligands for ligand-activated transcription factors, and that the brain content of many of these transcription factors is low. This explains why these inducers have little effect on brain CYP content. The most effective inducers of brain P450 are some of the CNS active drugs and solvents. The level of CYPs in brain, approximately 0.5-2% of that in liver, is too low to significantly influence the overall pharmacokinetics of drugs and hormones in the body. Instead CYPs appear to have specific functions in brain, e.g. regulation of the levels of endogenous GABAA receptor agonists maintenance of brain cholesterol homeostasis and elimination of retinoids The novel CYPs which catalyse these reactions have recently been characterized. They are abundantly expressed in the brain confirming what has been previously found, i.e. that the major hepatic, adrenal and gonadal CYP isozymes contribute very little to the overall content of CYP in brain. It is not clear what fraction of brain CYP has been characterized, although a complete characterization of constitutive and induced CYPs in brain is essential for understanding the role of these enzymes in brain physiology as well as in age-related and xenobiotic-induced neurotoxicity.