gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
State‐of‐the‐art of the hyphenation of capillary electrochromatography with mass spectrometry (2004)

The high separation efficiency and loading capacity of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) make it an attractive separation mode for coupling with mass spectrometry (MS), which has the ability to unambiguously identify analytes with high selectivity and sensitivity. We present an overview of recent advances on both instrumentation and separation columns employed in CEC-MS systems. In particular, the main characteristics of the stationary phases, as well as the configurations of the column outlet that are related with the coupling arrangements of the MS ionization sources, are reported. At present, packed columns and conventional electrospray ionization (ESI) sources are mainly employed in CEC-MS. Nevertheless, the use of monolithic capillary columns and nanoelectrospray sources has the potential for wide acceptance in the next future. Moreover, the main features of several mass analyzers including ion trap, quadrupole, time-of-flight, magnetic sector, and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance are examined. Finally, current applications of this technology, mainly in the pharmaceutical field and proteomics, are reviewed.
Clusters of HLA class II beta restriction fragments describe allelic series. (1984)

Eighty-eight HLA haplotypes have been investigated for the presence or absence of 52 restriction fragments generated by four restriction enzymes (EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII, BamHI), and detected by a DQ beta cDNA probe. Correlation analysis showed several sets of positively associated fragments forming 11 clusters. They constitute three different allelic series. The first coincides with DR alleles, the second with DQ alleles, and within the third, one cluster coincides with DRw53 (MT). As shown by comparative hybridization, most fragments belonging to the DR- as well as the DQ-related series correspond to DQ beta genes. In contrast, the MT-related series corresponds to DR beta genes. The evolutionary significance of these restriction fragment clusters is discussed.
Minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia: coming of age (2012)

The achievement of complete hematologic remission (CR) is a prerequisite for cure in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The conventional definition of CR, based on the morphologic recognition of ≤ 5% of leukemic blasts in the BM, does not provide sufficient insight into the quality of the response. Despite CR rates of 50%-80% (depending on age), the majority of patients with AML relapse within 3-5 years from diagnosis. Therefore, there is great need of more sensitive prognostic factors that can predict relapse. Minimal residual disease (MRD), defined as any measurable disease or leukemia detectable above a certain threshold (defined by the methodology applied), predicts failure to maintain a morphologic CR and affects survival negatively. AML is lagging behind acute lymphoblastic leukemia with respect to the implementation of MRD criteria for guidance during therapy. AML is particularly disadvantaged compared with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in that approximately half of AML patients lack a molecular target suitable for MRD monitoring. The detection of altered antigen (Ag) expression by leukemic myeloblasts is a valid alternative to DNA- or RNA-based MRD assays. Although associated with presenting prognostic factors (eg, cytogenetics and genotype), MRD represents the collective end result of all of the cellular mechanisms that determine a patient's response to a given therapy. Therefore, MRD has 2 potential roles in AML treatment: (1) as a posttherapy prognosticator used to assign patients to optimal postinduction/consolidation therapy, and (2) as an early surrogate end point for the evaluation of therapy efficacy.
Workaholism in the Netherlands: Measurement and Implications for Job Strain and Work–Nonwork Conflict (2005)

Cette recherche traite de la mesure et des conséquences du travail comme conduite addictive aux Pays‐Bas. La première étude décrit le développement et la validation d’une version hollandaise de la Work Addiction Risk Scale (WART) de ). Une analyse factorielle portant sur les réponses de 356 sujets a montré que la structure factorielle de la WART hollandaise était analogue à celle de la version américaine. La deuxième étude ( N = 232) avait pour objectif de décider si la sous‐échelle ≪tendances compulsives≫ (CT) de la WART pouvait être utilisée comme mesure abrégrée du travail addictif. Le recouvrement entre l’échelle complète de 25 items et la sous‐échelle CT était large et la répartition des corrélations avec les autres concepts très proche. La troisième étude ( N = 199) mit à l’épreuve un modèle des effets du travail addictif (CT) sur l’épusiement et le conflit travail—hors‐travail, montrant que le travail addictif affectait ces deux variables dépendantes à la fois directement et indirectement (par l’intermédiaire des exigences perçues du travail). On conclut 1) que la version hollandaise de la WART est très proche de la version américaine d’origin; 2) que la WART et la sous‐échelle CT sont toutes deux des mesures valides du travail addictif; 3) que le travail addictif est un concept virtuellement majeur pour l’étude du travail et du stress. This research deals with the measurement and consequences of workaholism in the Netherlands. Study 1 describes the development and validation of a Dutch version of ) Work Addiction Risk Scale (WART). Confirmatory factor analysis (total N = 356) revealed that the factorial structure of the Dutch WART was similar to that of the US original. Study 2 ( N = 232) examined whether the Compulsive Tendencies (CT) subscale of the WART could be used as a short measure of workaholism. The overlap between the full 25‐item WART and the CT subscale was high, whereas the patterns of correlations with other concepts were very similar. Study 3 ( N = 199) tested a process model for the effects of workaholism (i.e., CT) on exhaustion and work–nonwork conflict, showing that workaholism affected these two outcome variables both directly and indirectly (via perceived job demands). It is concluded that: (i) the Dutch version of the WART is very similar to the US original; (ii) the WART and the CT subscale are both valid measures of workaholism; and (iii) workaholism is a potentially important concept in the study of work and stress.
Formulation design, preparation, and in vitro and in vivo characterizations of &beta;-Elemene- loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (2013)

In the present study, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared and optimized for the intravenous delivery of β-Elemene (β-E). Aqueous dispersions of NLCs were successfully prepared by high-pressure homogenization method using glycerol monostearate as the solid lipid and a mixture of Maisine 35-1 and Labrafil M1944 CS as the liquid lipid. The results revealed that the morphology of the NLCs was spheroidal. The particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (EE) for the optimized formulation were observed as 138.9 nm, -20.2 mV, and 82.11%, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of less ordered structures in the inner core of the NLC particles. Moreover, the β-E-loaded NLCs were also less irritating and less toxic compared to Elemene injection. In addition, β-E-NLCs showed a significantly higher bioavailability and anti-tumor efficacy than Elemene injection. Taken together, our data indicate that the β-E-NLCs described in this study are well-suited for the intravenous delivery of β-E.
Correlation of cobalt binding activity of albumin with the common markers of oxidative stress in thalassemia syndrome patients (2013)

Scanty evidence exists for change in cobalt binding activity of albumin in Thalassemia. The aim of the present study was to observe whether cobalt binding activity of albumin would be altered in thalassemia patients receiving chronic transfusion and also whether the same would be correlated with oxidative stress markers. The present hospital-based, non-interventional, cross-sectional case control study was undertaken in Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India. Sixty patients with thalassemia syndrome requiring blood or erythrocyte transfusion for more than five years were randomly selected as cases. Age and sex matched controls were selected from apparently healthy individuals who were neither thalassemic trait nor carrier. Cobalt binding activity of albumin (ACB), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, protein bound sialic acid/sialoprotein ratio were measured in serum samples. There was no significant difference in cobalt binding activity between case and control. Serum protein carbonyls and TBARS were significantly higher in case population compared to control group. Ratio of serum protein bound sialic acid to serum mucoprotein was significantly lower in thalassemia cases. The study demonstrated that ACB was not correlated with serum TBARS, serum protein carbonyls as well as protein bound sialic acid/sialoprotein ratio in thalassemia. In conclusion, ACB is not superior to other markers of oxidative stress in identifying oxidative stress in thalassemia patients receiving repeated transfusions.
Carbon Black Structure in Rubber (1963)

Abstract Some of the properties of carbon blacks in rubber are ascribed to its “structure”. This paper presents results on the sinusoidal dynamic straining of rubber/carbon black vulcanizates over an amplitude range including strains less than 0.1% and suggests that an elucidation of structure effects and the nature of the structure underlying them is forthcoming from these results. The dynamic properties are profoundly modified by special processing. Heat treatment of stocks containing structural carbon blacks and particularly the use of N-methyl-N,4-dinitrosoaniline can greatly reduce structure effects. They are absent with attrited blacks. Similar results have been obtained with silica fillers, for which certain metal soaps virtually eliminate structure effects. Structure effects are shown to be not essentially related to the rubber network, including the type of rubber, but to be due to a physical, three-dimensional structure of the filler itself within the rubber; the rubber acts merely as a dispersing medium and a matrix to allow the filler structure to re-form after breakdown. These changes of the filler structure are often the major cause of hysteresis at low extensions. Mixtures of carbon black and organic liquids demonstrate the existence and properties of the physical carbon black structure in absence of rubber. The properties of the rubber have the structural effects of the filler superimposed upon them.
An adaptive multimedia transmission protocol for distributed multimedia applications (2004)

In this paper, an end-to-end real-time adaptive protocol for multimedia transmission is presented. The transmission rate is determined by the quadratic probing algorithm that can obtain the maximal utilization of the client buffer and minimal allocation of the network bandwidth. It is also coupled with a congestion control mechanism that can effectively decrease the packet loss rate during network congestion. We investigate the performance of our quadratic probing algorithm in different congestion levels under both Local Area Net (LAN) and Internet environment. Performance analysis reveals that our approach is more robust in avoiding overflow and underflow in different network congestion levels, and adapting to the changing network delays. Comparisons are made with the fixed rate approach and the rate by playback requirement approach. Experimental results show that the proposed real time protocol with rate adjusting quadratic probing algorithm is efficient in utilizing the network resources and decreasing the packet loss ratios.
Morphological and cytoskeletal changes in epithelial cells occur immediately upon interaction with <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> grown under low‐oxygen conditions (1992)

Salmonella typhimurium grown under oxygen-limiting conditions were found to enter into, elicit actin filament rearrangement in, and effect morphological changes upon HEp-2 cells within 15 min after infection. Video microscopy revealed that host cell morphological changes associated with entry began within 1 min of productive adherence. Polarized Caco-2 cell morphology was affected 40 s after infection with low-oxygen-grown S. typhimurium. Stationary-phase S. typhimurium did not elicit these phenomena within this time-period even when adherence was enhanced with the afimbial adhesin, AFA-I. Thus, environmental cues regulate S. typhimurium invasion factors, allowing for immediate entry into host cells. Additionally, actin filament rearrangement and morphological changes in the eukaryotic host cell are essential for entry and occur within minutes of infection.
Toll-like Receptor 4 Region Glu24–Lys47 Is a Site for MD-2 Binding (2006)

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a signaling receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but its interaction with MD-2 is required for efficient responses to LPS. Previous studies with deletion mutants indicate a critical role of the amino-terminal TLR4 region in interaction with MD-2. However, it is uncertain which region in the TLR4 molecule directly binds to MD-2. The purpose of this study was to determine a critical stretch of primary sequence in the TLR4 region that directly binds MD-2 and is critical for LPS signaling. The synthetic TLR4 peptide corresponding to the TLR4 region Glu 24 -Lys 47 directly binds to recombinant soluble MD-2 (sMD-2). The TLR4 peptide inhibited the binding of a recombinant soluble form of the extracellular TLR4 domain (sTLR4) to sMD-2 and significantly attenuated LPS-induced NF-B activation and IL-8 secretion in wild type TLR4-transfected cells. Reduction and S-carboxymethylation of sTLR4 abrogated its association with sMD-2. The TLR4 mutants, TLR4 C29A , TLR4 C40A , and TLR4 C29A,C40A , were neither co-precipitated with MD-2 nor expressed on the cell surface and failed to transmit LPS signaling. These results demonstrate that the TLR4 region Glu 24 -Lys 47 is a site for MD-2 binding and that Cys 29 and Cys 40 within this region are critical residues for MD-2 binding and LPS signaling.
The matrix suppression effect in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization: application to negative ions and further characteristics (1998)

As recently shown for positive ions (Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 10, 871 (1996)), small to moderate-sized analyte ions (<20 000 Da) can fully suppress all matrix signals in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectra at appropriate matrix:analyte mixing ratios. The technique is useful for removing matrix interferences and led to a model for primary ion formation mechanisms. We here extend the method to negative ions, and investigate the effects of analyte type and size on the matrix suppression concentration range. For a given matrix/analyte pair, suppression was observed in either positive- or negative-ion mode, but not both. Some matrices do not show the effect at all, which is attributed to unfavourable thermodynamics. The analyte concentration where suppression appears is correlated with the analyte molecular weight and supports the proximity requirement of the model. The dependence of matrix signals on analyte concentration is very similar in both modes, and may have implications for the role of plume reactions at low analyte concentrations. Delayed extraction was found to extend matrix suppression to lower analyte concentrations. Lack of homogenous matrix/analyte co-crystallization at low analyte concentrations is shown to prevent the appearance of matrix suppression or to modify the shape of the concentration curves in some cases. Evidence is presented for the activity of electronic excitations in IR as well as in UV MALDI. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contamination of the genome by very slightly deleterious mutations: why have we not died 100 times over? (1995)

It is well known that when s, the selection coefficient against a deleterious mutation, is below approximately 1/4Ne, where Ne is the effective population size, the expected frequency of this mutation is approximately 0.5, if forward and backward mutation rates are similar. Thus, if the genome size, G, in nucleotides substantially exceeds the Ne of the whole species, there is a dangerous range of selection coefficients, 1/G < s < 1/4Ne. Mutations with s within this range are neutral enough to accumulate almost freely, but are still deleterious enough to make an impact at the level of the whole genome. In many vertebrates Ne approximately 10(4), while G approximately 10(9), so that the dangerous range includes more than four orders of magnitude. If substitutions at 10% of all nucleotide sites have selection coefficients within this range with the mean 10(-6), an average individual carries approximately 100 lethal equivalents. Some data suggest that a substantial fraction of nucleotides typical to a species may, indeed, be suboptimal. When selection acts on different mutations independently, this implies too high a mutation load. This paradox cannot be resolved by invoking beneficial mutations or environmental fluctuations. Several possible resolutions are considered, including soft selection and synergistic epistasis among very slightly deleterious mutations.
Adaptive tearing and cracking of thin sheets (2014)

This paper presents a method for adaptive fracture propagation in thin sheets. A high-quality triangle mesh is dynamically restructured to adaptively maintain detail wherever it is required by the simulation. These requirements include refining where cracks are likely to either start or advance. Refinement ensures that the stress distribution around the crack tip is well resolved, which is vital for creating highly detailed, realistic crack paths. The dynamic meshing framework allows subsequent coarsening once areas are no longer likely to produce cracking. This coarsening allows efficient simulation by reducing the total number of active nodes and by preventing the formation of thin slivers around the crack path. A local reprojection scheme and a substepping fracture process help to ensure stability and prevent a loss of plasticity during remeshing. By including bending and stretching plasticity models, the method is able to simulate a large range of materials with very different fracture behaviors.
Phase II Trial of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Radioimmunotherapy With <sup>131</sup>I-Labetuzumab After Salvage Resection of Colorectal Metastases in the Liver: Five-Year Safety and Efficacy Results (2005)

Because both the median OS and 5-year survival rates seem to be improved with adjuvant RAIT after complete LM resection in CRC, compared with historical and contemporaneous controls not receiving RAIT, these results justify further evaluation of this modality in a multicenter, randomized trial.
Nonlinear multigrid algorithms for Bayesian optical diffusion tomography (2001)

Optical diffusion tomography is a technique for imaging a highly scattering medium using measurements of transmitted modulated light. Reconstruction of the spatial distribution of the optical properties of the medium from such data is a difficult nonlinear inverse problem. Bayesian approaches are effective, but are computationally expensive, especially for three-dimensional (3-D) imaging. This paper presents a general nonlinear multigrid optimization technique suitable for reducing the computational burden in a range of nonquadratic optimization problems. This multigrid method is applied to compute the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate of the reconstructed image in the optical diffusion tomography problem. The proposed multigrid approach both dramatically reduces the required computation and improves the reconstructed image quality.
An Approximate Minimum Degree Ordering Algorithm (1996)

An approximate minimum degree (AMD), ordering algorithm for preordering a symmetric sparse matrix prior to numerical factorization is presented. We use techniques based on the quotient graph for matrix factorization that allow us to obtain computationally cheap bounds for the minimum degree. We show that these bounds are often equal to the actual degree. The resulting algorithm is typically much faster than previous minimum degree ordering algorithms and produces results that are comparable in quality with the best orderings from other minimum degree algorithms.
Cathode Materials: Recent Advances in Lithium Sulfide Cathode Materials and Their Use in Lithium Sulfur Batteries (Adv. Energy Mater. 16/2015) (2015)

The lithium sulfide cathode material plays a significant role in overcoming the shortcomings of conventional lithium–sulfur batteries. Accordingly, it is essential to understanding the charateristics and application method of lithium sulfide. In article number 1500110, Jaephil Cho and co-workers provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanism and various efforts for the activation process of lithium sulfide.
[Surface phenotypes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis]. (1989)

Using monoclonal antibodies the subpopulations of mononuclear cells were studied in peripheral blood in patients with multiple sclerosis in active phase of the disease. The results suggested the following conclusions: 1. In the active phase of multiple sclerosis (during exacerbations and slowly progressive course) a rise occurs in the proportions of Ia-positive and M1-positive cells without changes in the proportions of T4 and T8 lymphocytes and in their mutual ratio. 2. No differences were observed in the percent of peripheral blood mononuclear cells between all patients in the active phase of the disease and those with slowly progressing disease. 3. During immunomodulatory treatment (alternating administration of prednisone and levamisole) a rise was observed in the percent of suppressor cells T8/Ia-positive, and a fall in the T4/T8 suppressor cell ratio.
An infrastructure for runtime evolution of software systems (2004)

The capability to evolve an application dynamically consists in activating new portions of code while the application runs. This can be considered particularly useful when applications need to adapt to fluctuating conditions of their environment. This paper aims at providing a general infrastructure that allows object-oriented applications to dynamically modify the way they work, without stopping. This infrastructure has a twofold objective: deciding which application activities best fit the current conditions, e.g. to exploit the increased availability or loss of resources; taking into account that new classes could have been developed and force the application to incorporate them while it runs. Computational reflection is used as a means to connect the proposed infrastructure with applications, for its interception mechanism provides the ability to intervene into the application operations in order to seamlessly introduce the desired changes.
Equine Night Blindness (1977)

Each preceptee has expanded his scope of interest in medicine and has made significant contributions to the clinical investigation program .The hospital physicians and dentists have been exposed to veterinarians and have learned of the degree of sophis- tication of the veterinary profession .Finally , collaborative research has been stimulated because of the close contact among physicians , dentists , and the comparative medicine-trained veterinarians .