gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lagomar's Integrated Field Laboratory for Intensive Evaluation of Technologies (1999)

Abstract PDVSA's light oilfields in Lake Maracaibo have been under exploitation for more than four decades. To date, the expected recovery factor is only 29% of the OOIP. As these resources approach maturity, it has been realized that improving recovery will demand the earliest use of many technologies, proven and new, in an integrated manner and tailored to solve specific regional problems. The Integrated Field Laboratory (IFL) philosophy is one of PDVSA's main technology strategies designed to accomplish these goals. Three Field Laboratories are being developed in the Maracaibo Lake Basin: one for heavy oils and two for light oils: shallow and deep reservoirs. The VLA-6/9/21 area in Lagomar Field was selected to evaluate technologies with potential application to highly depleted, medium to light oil reservoirs, which are either under or have favorable conditions for waterflooding and at depths bellow 10000 feet. Venezuela has over 30000 MMSTB of oil currently in place in reservoirs with similar conditions. This huge volume of oil provides the incentive to conduct the work described in this paper. The engineering management approach for technology evaluation being used is comprised of: 1)Advanced reservoir characterization, simulation and visualization, 2)Drainage strategies, including displacement processes and well architectures, 3)Well construction at minimum time, damage and cost, 4)Technologies to improve injectivity/productivity, 5)Advanced monitoring technologies aiming to intelligent reservoirs, 6)Technologies for handling produced and injected fluids and 7)Techniques to evaluate and quantify risk. Multidiscisplinary multiparticipant virtual work teams have been structured in order to execute this project. These teams are being integrated with specialists from different disciplines within PDVSA, such as: Technology Department, Exploitation Units and Research Institute (Intevep), national and international universities, service companies, national and international consultants, etc. This paper describes the main aspects of the design of Lagomar's Field Laboratory, the results obtained during the first year of operations, and the future plans. Some of the technologies currently under evaluation are: 1)High resolution reservoir characterization, simulation and visualization, 2)Well to well seismic, 3)Fluids for at balance drilling, 4)Foam cements, 5)Multiwell injectors, 6)Commingle production, 7)Massive fracturing and 8)Down-hole sensors.
What Matters for Children's Bodies?: Perspectives from a Panel of University of Otago Researchers (2007)

As part of the conference a panel of researchers from various University of Otago departments and research units presented aspects of their research relating to what is important for children's bodies. The panel comprised speakers from the School of Physical Education, the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, the Injury Prevention Research Unit, the Department of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health. Four of the five panellists provided a synopsis of their view of what matters for children's bodies.
Sensor placement optimization in buildings (2012)

In this work we address the problem of optimal sensor placement for a given region and task. An important issue in designing sensor arrays is the appropriate placement of the sensors such that they achieve a predefined goal. There are many problems that could be considered in the placement of multiple sensors. In this work we focus on the four problems identified by Hörster and Lienhart. To solve these problems, we propose an algorithm based on Direct Search, which is able to approach the global optimal solution within reasonable time and memory consumption. The algorithm is experimentally evaluated and the results are presented on two real floorplans. The experimental results show that our DS algorithm is able to improve the results given by the most performing heuristic introduced in. The algorithm is then extended to work also on continuous solution spaces, and 3D problems.
High molecular weight poly(N-methyl-B-vinylazaborine) – a semi-inorganic B–N polystyrene analogue (2016)

We present the synthesis of a B-N analogue of polystyrene, poly(N-methyl-B-vinylazaborine) in high molecular weight (M<sub>W</sub> = 24.9 kDa). Furthermore, it was possible to prepare a copolymer with the C-C analogue. A thorough comparison between the polymers by NMR spectroscopy, TGA, DSC and GPC showed significant differences between these polymers.
Blockchain based Data Access Control using Smart Contracts (2019)

The keystone of information security has been access control. Very often, User data is misused and users are oblivious to the use of their data by unauthorized parties. Current strategies to provide storage for confidential data and subsequent authentication involve relying on a trusted third party for the same, which could be victims of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks or technical failures. This paper examines a strategy where the underlying framework for providing Access Control is the blockchain, hence decentralizing the mechanism of providing access control. Further in this paper, we demonstrate and model the User Data access on the Ethereum framework. Personal Information of the user by a website or an application is retrieved on a need-to-know basis from the off-blockchain, as determined by the user, the true owner of the data. Personal data is highly protected and the different permissions to different websites or applications are determined by the Smart Contract.
Development and organization of the human brain tissue compartments across the lifespan using diffusion tensor imaging (2007)

We used a diffusion tensor imaging-based whole-brain tissue segmentation to characterize age-related changes in (a) whole-brain grey matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid relative to intracranial volume and (b) the corresponding brain tissue microstructure using measures of diffusion tensor anisotropy and mean diffusivity. The sample, a healthy cohort of 119 right-handed males and females aged 7-68 years. Our results demonstrate that white matter and grey matter volumes and their corresponding diffusion tensor anisotropy and mean diffusivity follow nonlinear trajectories with advancing age. In contrast, cerebrospinal fluid volume increases linearly with age.
Ephrin A Receptors and Ligands in Lesions and Normal-Appearing White Matter in Multiple Sclerosis (2006)

Complexes of the tyrosine kinase ephrin ligands (ephrins) and their receptors (Ephs) provide critical cell recognition signals in CNS development. Complementary ephrin/Eph expression gradients present topographic guidance cues that may either stimulate or repulse axon growth. Some ephrin/Ephs are upregulated in adult CNS injury models. To assess their involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS), ephrin A1-5 and Eph A1-8 expression was analyzed in CNS tissues using immunohistochemistry. Control samples showed distinct expression patterns for each ephrin/Eph on different cell types. Perivascular mononuclear inflammatory cells, reactive astrocytes and macrophages expressed ephrin A1-4, Eph A1, -A3, -A4, -A6 and -A7 in active MS lesions. Axonal ephrin A1 and Eph A3, -A4, and -A7 expression was increased in active lesions and was greater in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) adjacent to active lesions than within or adjacent to chronic MS lesions, in contralateral NAWM, or in control samples. As in development, therefore, there are temporally dynamic, lesion-associated axonal ephrin/Eph A expression gradients in the CNS of MS patients. These results indicate that ephrin/Eph As are useful cell markers in human CNS tissue samples; they likely are involved in the immunopathogenesis of active lesions and in neurodegeneration in MS NAWM; and they represent potential therapeutic targets in MS.
Astrovirus Infection in Hatchling Turkeys: Histologic, Morphometric, and Ultrastructural Findings (1995)

In three separate experiments, 2- or 5-day-old commercial turkey poults were inoculated orally with astrovirus and examined for clinical signs and for gross and microscopic lesions over a period of 14 days. By day 2 postinoculation (PI), inoculated poults had developed diarrhea, generalized loss of intestinal tone, and dilated ceca that contained light-yellow fluid feces and gas; these changes persisted through day 10 PI. Mild crypt hyperplasia was the only change discernible by light microscopy, and it was first noted in the proximal jejunum on day 1 PI, in the distal jejunum and ileum on day 3 PI, and in the duodenum on day 5 PI. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in crypt depth and area was documented by image analysis on day 3 PI. Ultrastructural evaluation revealed intracytoplasmic aggregates of astrovirus in enterocytes on the sides and base of villi in the ileum and distal jejunum on day 3 PI. Based on the findings, it was concluded that astrovirus caused lesions and replicated in both upper and lower segments of the small intestine in turkey poults.
A family of cyclin D homologs from plants differentially controlled by growth regulators and containing the conserved retinoblastoma protein interaction motif. (1995)

A new family of three related cyclins has been identified in Arabidopsis by complementation of a yeast strain deficient in G1 cyclins. Individual members show tissue-specific expression and are conserved in other plant species. They form a distinctive group of plant cyclins, which we named delta-type cyclins to indicate their similarities with mammalian D-type cyclins. The sequence relationships between delta and D cyclins include the N-terminal sequence LXCXE. This motif was originally identified in certain viral oncoproteins and is strongly implicated in binding to the retinoblastoma protein pRb. By analogy to mammalian cyclin D, these plant homologs may mediate growth and phytohormonal signals into the plant cell cycle. In support of this hypothesis, we show that, on restimulation of suspension-cultured cells, cyclin delta 3 is rapidly induced by the plant growth regulator cytokinin and cyclin delta 2 is induced by carbon source.
The Comparison of Effects between Pulsed and CW Lasers on Wound Healing (2004)

LLLT using pulsed, CW laser at the appropriate dosimetry and frequency can provide acceleration in wound healing in rats. The 100-Hz frequency had a better effect than other pulse frequencies used in the study. The effects of treatment using CW laser was higher than pulse frequency. The frequency of pulsed CW laser was not found to increase wound healing in rats compared with normal CW laser, as reported in our previous studies.
Detection of human faces under scale, orientation and viewpoint variations (2002)

Many current human face detection algorithms make implicit assumptions about the scale, orientation or viewpoint of faces in an image and exploit these constraints to detect and localize faces. The algorithm may be robust for the assumed conditions but it becomes very difficult to extend the results to general imaging conditions. In an earlier paper (Yow and Cipolla, 1996) we proposed a feature-based face detection algorithm to detect faces in a complex background. In this paper we examine its ability to detect faces under different scale, orientation and viewpoint. The results show that the algorithm can indeed cope with a good range of scale, orientation and viewpoint variations that is typical of a subject sitting in front of a computer terminal.
Neutral Ru(η<sup>5</sup>-pyrrole) Complexes. Synthesis and Structure of Diazaruthenocenes and Ru(1-3:5,6-η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>11</sub>)(η<sup>5</sup>-pyrrole) Complexes (2000)

The synthesis of metal complexes with anionic η5-pyrrole ligands is generally complicated by the free nitrogen lone pair. Methods are reported for the synthesis of two types of neutral η5-tetramethylpyrrolyl (NC4Me4) ruthenium complexes. Ru(η5-NC4Me4)2 is prepared from (Ph3P)3RuCl2 and lithium tetramethylpyrrolide in refluxing THF. A chiral diazaruthenocene with C2 symmetry is prepared from 2,3-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole. Attempts to prepare diazaruthenocenes from [Ru(η4-C8H12)Cl2]x led to deprotonation of the COD ligand to form a complex Ru(1-3:5,6-η5-C8H11)(η5-NC4Me4) isoelectronic with Ru(η5-NC4Me4)2.
Studies on a Cell Line from a Functional Rat Thyroid Tumor in Continuous Culture (1976)

A clonal cell line derived from a functional and transplantable rat thyroid tumor was established in continuous monolayer culture by the use of enzymatic dissociation followed by an alternate culture-animal passage procedure. After being implanted backin the animal and again plated in culture, epithelial-like cells aggregated and rearranged themselves over the bottoms of dishes in structures resembling cross sections of a normal thyroid gland. The same morphology and growth pattern were maintained after innumerable subcultures and freeze/thawing periods. Cells grew with a population-doubling time of about 24 h in serum-supplemented synthetic medium. Cell monolayers stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) showed a uniformly epithelial-like morphology; their cytoplasm contained abundant PAS-positive material that was resistant to enzymatic digestion with amylase. Thin-layer chromatography of acid-butanol cell extracts in primary and clonal cultures, followed by a specific and sensitive staining method for iodine compounds, demonstrated the presence of monoiodotyrosine (MIT), diiodotyrosine, and triiodothyronine-thyroxine. In contrast, in similar extracts obtained from a cultured liver cell line, the only iodinated amino acid was MIT. Thus, with regard to the above criteria, this cell line preserved specialized thyroid cell morphology and function.
First-Principles Study of Point Defects in LaAlO₃ (2007)

In this study, the native point defects including oxygen vacancy and interstitial, metal (La, Al) vacancy and interstitial, and metal antisite in perovskite LAO are studied. Defect formation energies are studied as a function of the external chemical potentials and Fermi level. The stable defects are identified under different external chemical potentials and Fermi levels. The effect of image charge corrections is also investigated. Finally, based on results in this study, optimal growth conditions can be proposed to achieve better defect engineering for LAO gate dielectrics.
In Vitro & In Vivo Effect of Parathyroid Hormone Analogue (1-14) Containing α-amino-iso-butyric Acid Residue (Aib)1,3 (2006)

Firstly, parathyroid hormone (1-14) [PTH (1-14)] analogue containing various -amino-iso-butyric acid residue (Aib) was synthesized by exchanging the 1st and 3rd Ala residues of alpha carbon of PTH (1-14). This analogue revealed to have the quite tight and stable -helical structure using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The biological activities of these analogues were examined using a cAMP- generating assay in LLC-PK1 cell lines stably transfected with the wild- type human PTH1 receptor. Only the PTH analogue substituted with methyl moiety without acetylation showed significant cAMP generating action with 15.0 +/- 3.414 of EC50. Then, we used an ovariectomized rat model system to compare the in vivo effects of parathyroid hormone analogue with that of PTH (1-84). Daily subcutaneous administration of the unacetylated Aib1,3PTH (1-14) for 5 weeks in 30 nM/kg subcutaneously with positive control group receiving PTH (1-84) with 8 nM/ kg were performed. However, there was no significant change in spinal or femoral bone mineral density assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the Aib1,3PTH (1-14) group where definite increase of these parameters shown in the PTH (1-84) group (p < 0.001). Assessment of bone strength was evaluated with no significant differences among all groups. It was quite disappointing to see the actual discrepancies between the result of significant pharmacokinetic potency and the in vivo clinical effect of the Aib1,3PTH (1-14). However, there are several limitations to mention, such as the short duration of treatment, matter of dosage, and insufficient effect of tight -helical structures with absence of C-terminus. In conclusion, our findings suggest that unacetylated Aib1,3PTH (1-14) did not exhibit any anabolic effects at the bones of ovariectomized rats.
A Case for Heterogeneous Technology-Mapping: Soft Versus Hard Multiplexers (2013)

Lookup table-based FPGAs offer flexibility but compromise on performance, as compared to custom CMOS implementations. This paper explores the idea of minimising this performance gap by using fixed, fine-grained, nonprogrammable logic structures in place of lookup tables (LUTs). Functions previously mapped onto LUTs can now be diverted to these structures, resulting in reduced LUT usage and higher operating speed. This paper presents a generic heterogeneous technology-mapping scheme for segregating LUTs and hard logic blocks. For the proof-of-concept, we choose to isolate multiplexers present in most general-purpose circuits. These multiplexers are mapped onto hard blocks of multiplexers that are present in existing commercial FPGA fabrics, but often unused. Since the hard multiplexers are already present, there is no additional performance or area penalty. Using this approach, an average reduction in LUT usage of 16% and an average speedup of 8% has been observed for the VTR benchmarks as compared to the LUTs-only implementation.
A Double-modulation Strategy in Cancer Treatment With a Chemotherapeutic Agent and siRNA (2011)

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is broadly considered the drug of choice for treating human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, 5-FU resistance, mainly caused by the overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, often leads ultimately to treatment failure. We here investigated the effect of Bcl-2 gene silencing, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) (siBcl-2), on the efficacy of 5-FU in CRC. Transfection of siBcl-2 by a Lipofectamine2000/siRNA lipoplex effectively downregulated Bcl-2 expression in the DLD-1 cell line (a CRC), resulting in significant cell growth inhibition in vitro upon treatment with 5-FU. For in vivo treatments, S-1, an oral formulation of Tegafur (TF), a prodrug of 5-FU, was used to mimic 5-FU infusion. The combined treatment of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated siBcl-2-lipoplex and S-1 showed superior tumor growth suppression in a DLD-1 xenograft model, compared to each single treatment. Surprisingly, daily S-1 treatment enhanced the accumulation of PEG-coated siBcl-2-lipoplex in tumor tissue. We propose a novel double modulation strategy in cancer treatment, in which chemotherapy enhances intratumoral siRNA delivery and the delivered siRNA enhances the chemosensitivity of tumors. Combination of siRNA-containing nanocarriers with chemotherapy may compensate for the limited delivery of siRNA to tumor tissue. In addition, such modulation strategy may be considered a promising therapeutic approach to successfully managing 5-FU-resistant tumors. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is broadly considered the drug of choice for treating human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, 5-FU resistance, mainly caused by the overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, often leads ultimately to treatment failure. We here investigated the effect of Bcl-2 gene silencing, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) (siBcl-2), on the efficacy of 5-FU in CRC. Transfection of siBcl-2 by a Lipofectamine2000/siRNA lipoplex effectively downregulated Bcl-2 expression in the DLD-1 cell line (a CRC), resulting in significant cell growth inhibition in vitro upon treatment with 5-FU. For in vivo treatments, S-1, an oral formulation of Tegafur (TF), a prodrug of 5-FU, was used to mimic 5-FU infusion. The combined treatment of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated siBcl-2-lipoplex and S-1 showed superior tumor growth suppression in a DLD-1 xenograft model, compared to each single treatment. Surprisingly, daily S-1 treatment enhanced the accumulation of PEG-coated siBcl-2-lipoplex in tumor tissue. We propose a novel double modulation strategy in cancer treatment, in which chemotherapy enhances intratumoral siRNA delivery and the delivered siRNA enhances the chemosensitivity of tumors. Combination of siRNA-containing nanocarriers with chemotherapy may compensate for the limited delivery of siRNA to tumor tissue. In addition, such modulation strategy may be considered a promising therapeutic approach to successfully managing 5-FU-resistant tumors.
GenIc: A Single Pass Generalized Incremental Algorithm for Clustering (2004)

In this paper we introduce a new single pass clustering algorithm called GenIc designed with the objective of having low overall cost. We examine some of the properties of GenIc and compare it to windowed k-means. We also study its performance using experimental data sets obtained from network monitoring.
Summary of airport technology needs (1982)

The need for improvement in airport noise assessment methodology is summarized and specific investigations of the relationship between noise level and individual and community response outlined.
Implications of Green Tea and Its Constituents in the Prevention of Cancer via the Modulation of Cell Signalling Pathway (2015)

Green tea is commonly used as a beverage worldwide, especially in China, Japan, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia. Green tea and its constituents have been considered very effective in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. It contains a variety of catechins, which show a pivotal role in the modulation of biological activities and also act as chemopreventive agents. Earlier studies have confirmed that green tea and its chief constituent epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have a potential role in the management of cancer through the modulation of cell signaling pathways. In this review, we focused on the beneficial effects of green tea and its constituents in the cancer prevention and treatment and its impact on modulation of molecular pathways.
A new structure of field emitter arrays (1996)

The evaluation of a new structure of field emitter arrays which was made to obtain high current density in a stable condition is reported. For improving the stability of emitters by means of the resistive layer, conductive island patterns were formed beneath emitter arrays in each mesh cathode line. In the structure above, resistance from mesh cathode lines to each emitter is expected to be uniform. As a result of discussions to make the resistance from mesh cathode lines to each emitter uniform, the new structure was made by forming 21×21 Spindt-type emitter arrays in a mesh cathode with an emitter pitch of 5 μm and with a gate hole diameter of 1.3 μm. Using a specimen of this structure, a current density of 1.54 A/cm2 was achieved at a gate voltage of 170 V, which is about 10 times higher than that of the mesh structure with the same resistance and the same number of emitters, 0.13 A/cm2.