gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive DSP educational platform for real-time subband audio coding (2002)

We present an interactive educational DSP platform for realtime subband audio coding. The tool integrates a DSP course on advanced audio coding and focuses on wavelets, subband coding, and signal quantization. The package consists of a Windows control application running on a PC and real-time DSP code implemented on a Texas Instruments DSP Starter Kit (DSK), which performs the actual audio encoding and decoding process. The tool is interactive since students can customize the codec by changing some encoding parameters through the PC interface and then verify the effect on the coding process. The DSP codec accepts audio samples in real-time via the DSK audio analog input port and sends the reconstructed samples to the output port. The graphical user interface allows to choose the type of filter-bank and scalar quantization; the availability of the full source code and of a DSK makes possible to experience first-hand the main aspects of real-world DSP development, e.g., real-time programming, arithmetic precision and algorithmic delay. The software is available at http://multimedia.polito.it/dspwavelab.
Production of Cellulose and Curli Fimbriae by Members of the Family <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> Isolated from the Human Gastrointestinal Tract (2003)

Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., and Klebsiella spp. isolated from the human gut were investigated for the biosynthesis of cellulose and curli fimbriae (csg). While Citrobacter spp. produced curli fimbriae and cellulose and Enterobacter spp. produced cellulose with various temperature-regulatory programs, Klebsiella spp. did not show pronounced expression of those extracellular matrix components. Investigation of multicellular behavior in two Citrobacter species and Enterobacter sakazakii showed an extracellular matrix, cell clumping, pellicle formation, and biofilm formation associated with the expression of cellulose and curli fimbriae. In those three strains, the csgD-csgBA region and the cellulose synthase gene bcsA were conserved. PCR screening for the presence of csgD, csgA and bcsA revealed that besides Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca, all species investigated harbored the genetic information for expression of curli fimbriae and cellulose. Since Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., and Klebsiella spp. are frequently found to cause biofilm-related infections such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections, the human gut could serve as a reservoir for dissemination of biofilm-forming isolates.
Induction of antitumor immunity with combination of HER2/neu DNA vaccine and interleukin 2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. (2000)

The therapeutic effects of both cytokine-secreting tumor vaccine and DNA vaccine were studied using mouse MBT-2 bladder cancer cells as a model. Cytokine-secreting MBT-2 cells were obtained by infecting cells with retroviral particles containing interleukin (IL) 2-, IL-4-, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expression vector. The MBT-2-IL-2 cells were not tumorigenic in syngenic C3H mice at all. Tumor formation decreased significantly for the MBT-2-GM-CSF cells. MBT-2-IL-2, -IL-4, and -GM-CSF cells were killed by irradiation and tested as tumor vaccines. The irradiated MBT2-IL-2 cells could complete protect mice from the growth of the preexisting tumor cells, and the immune memory lasted for 8 months. On the other hand, irradiated MBT-2-IL-4 and MBT-2-GM-CSF cells were less effective. When the loading tumor mass increased, all tumor vaccines lost protective effects. DNA vaccine encoding the tumor antigen neu was additionally tested to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Coinjection of 60 microg pSV-neu DNA was effective in enhancing the antitumor effects of MBT2-IL-2; however, DNA vaccine alone cannot prevent the progression of the preexisting tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor infiltrate revealed massive increase of CD4+ lymphoid cells in the group of mice treated with both DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreted tumor vaccine. Western blotting demonstrated the presence of anti-neu antibody in the serum from immunized mice. In contrast, combination of DNA vaccine and MBT-2-GM-CSF has no additive effect. The results indicate the combination of DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreting tumor vaccine can additionally improve therapeutic efficacy, and the efficacy is correlated with the increase of CD4+ T lymphocytes and anti-neu antibody.
[Various research results on the role of carbohydrate groups in macroimmunoglobulins]. (1989)

Evidence on the role of carbohydrates in the structure and function of macroimmunoglobulin (IgM) was obtained. The principal functions are the increase of hydrophilicity and preservation of a definite conformation of the protein molecule which, in its turn, is necessary for the implementation of its biological function. The protection of tryptophan residues at the molecule surface against the contacts with the surrounding water is conditioned by the above properties. The functions of each of the five carbohydrate groups in the heavy chains of IgM are reviewed.
Development of a Microfluidic Device for Rapid Assessment of EOR Additives (2014)

Abstract Microfluidics permits small scale economically controllable testing/analysis environments, and has been leveraged in biochemistry and the life sciences to access previously unavailable efficiencies, most notably in DNA sequencing, protein analysis, and soft material (e.g. tissues, emulsions) synthesis. Recently, these techniques have been applied to petroleum science and the results show promise. Methods have been reported in the literature for studying CO2 diffusion, investigating reservoir fluid phase behaviour, and asphaltene content measurement. These methods drastically reduce sample volume (from litres to nanolitres) and measurement time (from several hours or days to 30 minutes or less) requirements, while maintaining or increasing accuracy offered by traditional methods. In the present study, we used microfluidics to simulate the situation where emulsions form in the SAGD process in two situations; pure steam injection and steam + additives injection. Emulsions were generated in pore-scale geometries (~ 100 µm) without and with an alkaline additive. It was found that alkaline solutions produced finer emulsions (by up to nn%). A weak dependence of mean emulsion diameter on additive concentration was also observed. In addition to informing improvements to EOR, the platform may be adapted for use in studying emulsions formed during oil and gas processing as well (e.g. in valves, pumps).
The response of collision speed caused by the large bus to new flexible barrier (2014)

In order to study the response of collision speed caused by the large bus to new flexible barrier,in this paper,with the large bus as the carrier,the full-scale impact tests between flexible barrier and vehicle with the impact velocities of 40 km/h and 60 km/h were carried out separately,following the procedures of the test preparation,test processing,data acquisition, etc,which were based on the test platform of the Large Structure Crash Testing Laboratory of Changsha University of Science and Technology. The important test results which contain the damage of vehicles and barrier,the moving locus of vehicle,the occupant risk index,the maximum dynamic deformation, etc,were obtained through the analysis under the different collision speeds. These provide the necessary reference basis for the further research on the structure topology optimization and improve the comprehensive constraint performance to the flexible barrier.
Nitrate Tolerance Induced by Nicorandil or Nitroglycerin is Associated with Minimal Loss of Nicorandil Vasodilator Activity (1990)

In the current study, the vasodilator and tolerance-inducing actions of a recently developed organic nitrate vasodilator, nicorandil, were compared to nitroglycerin (NTG) in an isolated coronary artery preparation. The order of potency for relaxing U46619-constricted bovine-isolated coronary artery rings was NTG greater than isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) greater than nicorandil. NTG was approximately 250-fold more potent than nicorandil (mean EC50 values for relaxation; 0.044 and 11.2 microM, respectively; n = 6-8). Coronary artery rings preexposed for 60 min to NTG (30 microM) were subsequently markedly less responsive to the relaxant effects of NTG (7.5-fold increase in mean EC50 value, 68.4% decrease in Emax; p less than 0.001) and ISDN (14.1-fold increase in mean EC50 value; p less than 0.001), although only marginally less responsive to nicorandil (1.75-fold increase in mean EC50 value; p less than 0.05). Thus, the coronary artery relaxant actions of nicorandil were significantly less affected by NTG-induced tolerance than were the relaxant actions of the related organic nitrate compounds, NTG and ISDN. To compare the tolerance-inducing actions of NTG and nicorandil, the relaxant actions of a series of nitric oxide (NO)-containing vasodilators were determined in control coronary artery rings and in rings preexposed for 60 min to either 30 microM NTG or 5,000 microM nicorandil. Quantitatively, similar changes in coronary artery ring responsiveness were produced by tolerance induced by NTG and nicorandil; marked attenuation of responsiveness to NTG and to the nonnitrate compound 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), but only marginal attenuation of responsiveness to nicorandil and NO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Using Java applets and CORBA for multi-user distributed applications (1997)

The Java language environment, World Wide Web, and Common Object Request Broker Architecture are complementary software technologies, which when used together provide a powerful set of tools for developing and deploying multi-user distributed applications. We describe an approach to building reasonably sophisticated and easy-to-use client software as WWW-downloadable Java applets, which use CORBA to interact effectively with remote server software and thus coordinate and control access to a set of shared resources. We used this approach to reimplement a portion of an existing multi-user distributed application that had been built using the WWW Common Gateway Interface (CGI), then evaluated the differences between the two approaches. We found our method of combining Java applets and CORBA not only practical but in many ways superior to the widely used CGI approach, as well as to a conventional CORBA approach that does not exploit the WWW.
High-power AlGaN/GaN HFET with a lower on-state resistance and a higher switching time for an inverter circuit (2004)

We report on an AlGaN/GaN HFET with a much lower on-state resistance and the application of an inverter circuit using AlGaN/GaN HFETs for the first time. An AlGaN/GaN HFET was fabricated. We confirmed that the AlGaN/GaN HFET was operated at a current of over 20 A using gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy. The on-state resistance of the HFET was 8 m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ at 370 V. The switching time was investigated. As a result, the turn-on time was found to be 10 ns and the turn-off time was 11 ns. The maximum operation frequency of an AlGaN/GaN HFET was 0.37 GHz. We also fabricated an inverter circuit using AlGaN/GaN HFETs. Using this inverter, DC 30 V was converted to AC 100 V.
Systemic administration of <i>β</i><sub>2</sub>‐adrenoceptor agonists, formoterol and salmeterol, elicit skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats at micromolar doses (2006)

beta(2)-Adrenoceptor agonists provide a potential therapy for muscle wasting and weakness, but their use may be limited by adverse effects on the heart, mediated in part, by beta(1)-adrenoceptor activation. Two beta(2)-agonists, formoterol and salmeterol, are approved for treating asthma and have an extended duration of action and increased safety, associated with greater beta(2)-adrenoceptor selectivity. The pharmacological profiles of formoterol and salmeterol and their effects on skeletal and cardiac muscle mass were investigated in 12-week-old, male F344 rats. Formoterol and salmeterol were each administered via daily i.p. injection at one of seven doses (ranging from 1 to 2,000 microg kg(-1) day(-1)), for 4 weeks. Rats were anaesthetised and the EDL and soleus muscles and the heart were excised and weighed. Dose-response curves were constructed based on skeletal and cardiac muscle hypertrophy. Formoterol was more potent than salmeterol, with a significantly lower ED(50) in EDL muscles (1 and 130 microg kg(-1) day(-1), P <0.05), whereas salmeterol had greater intrinsic activity than formoterol in both EDL and soleus muscles (12% greater hypertrophy than formoterol). The drugs had similar potency and intrinsic activity in the heart, with a smaller leftward shift for formoterol than seen in skeletal muscle. A dose of 25 microg kg(-1) day(-1) of formoterol elicited greater EDL and soleus hypertrophy than salmeterol, but resulted in similar beta-adrenoceptor downregulation. These results show that doses as low as 1 microg kg(-1) day(-1) of formoterol can elicit significant muscle hypertrophy with minimal cardiac hypertrophy and provide important information regarding the potential therapeutic use of formoterol and salmeterol for muscle wasting.
The Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 and its receptors are coordinately regulated during early human adipogenesis (2006)

Secretion of Wnts by adipose cells has an important role in the control of murine adipogenesis. We present the first evidence that a Wnt antagonist, Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1), is secreted by human preadipocytes and promotes adipogenesis. DKK1 mRNA increases six hours after onset of human adipogenesis and this is followed by an increase in Dkk1 protein. With further differentiation, the mRNA and protein levels progressively decline such that they are undetectable in mature adipocytes. The transient induction in DKK1 correlates with downregulation of cytoplasmic and nuclear beta-catenin levels, this being a surrogate marker of canonical Wnt signalling, and Wnt/beta-catenin transcriptional activity. In addition, constitutive expression of Dkk1 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes promotes their differentiation, further supporting the functional significance of increased Dkk1 levels during human adipogenesis. Concomitant downregulation of the Dkk1 receptors LRP5 and LRP6 is likely to potentiate the ability of Dkk1 to inhibit Wnt signalling and promote differentiation. Notably, Dkk1 is not expressed in primary murine preadipocytes or cell lines. The involvement of Dkk1 in human but not murine adipogenesis indicates that inter-species differences exist in the molecular control of this process. Given the public health importance of disorders of adipose mass, further knowledge of the pathways involved specifically in human adipocyte differentiation might ultimately be of clinical relevance.
An optimized capacity planning approach for virtual infrastructure exhibiting stochastic workload (2010)

Traditionally, any capacity planning problem is modeled with deterministic workloads by considering the peak workload for resource allocation. In the context of businesses using cloud service, cloud provider could allocate resources for peak workload which could lead to under utilization of resource and charging users for unused yet provisioned resources. Hence we came up with a better capacity planning algorithm which could ensure that we plan for peak usage but do not provision for it.
DO MATTRESSES MAKE A DIFFERENCE? (1984)

Pressure sores cause longer hospital stays and discomfort for the patient. Can special mattresses aid in prevention?
The Clinical Characteristics of Tachyarrhythmia in Children and Adolescents . (2004)

To study the clinical characteristics of different kinds of tachyarrhythmia in children and adolescents,321(male 210,female 111) patients having tachyarrhythmia treated with radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA) between July , 1995 and December, 2002 were included. The median age was 13.4±3.6(1.5 ～18)years. Of the 321 patients,204 had atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia(AVRT),74 atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia(AVNRT),35 idiopathic ventricular tachycardia(IVT),5 atrial tachycardia(AT),2 atrial flutter(AFL),1 inappropriate sinus tachycardia(IST). 12 lead electrocardiogram(ECG) with and without tachyarrhythmia attack were recorded in all the patients, ECG was analyzed in combination with clinical information. Results:The percentage of AVRT,AVNRT,and IVT were 63.6%,23.1% and 10.9% respectively.There were much more right sided accessory pathways(AP) than left sided APs. With the increase of age, the left sided AP became relatively more and more common. Multiple APs were more common in type B preexcitation syndrome compared with type A. Of the 35 cases with IVT, 23 was idiopathetic left ventricular tachycardia,6 right ventricular outflow tachycardia. Of the 321 cases,12 had congenital heart disease,13 cases with tachycardiac cardiomyopathy recovered completely both in cardiac function and cardiac size 3～6 months after successful ablation. Conclusions:①AVRT , AVNRT,and IVT are the 3 most common types of tachyarrhythmia in children.②After successful RFCA for tachyarrhythmia in children and adolescents with tachycardiac cardiomyopathy, cardiac function and cardiac size recover completely.
[Possibilities of chemical detoxification of aflatoxin]. (1990)

The efficacy of inactivation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1, 2.0-2.6 mg per kg) in aqueous medium in exposure to 21 chemicals or their mixtures for two hours and for two days was evaluated by measuring the extracts on a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Reduction to less than 10% of the original AFB1 content within two hours was recorded when the medium contained 1.5% potassium permanganate, 2.5 and 5% Chloramin B (Lachema) or soda, and when there was 5% ammonia heated to 60 degrees C, 5% sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, or 50% chromosulphuric acid. AFB1 and other fluorescing metabolites were completely destroyed after two days of exposure to a 5% ammonia solution heated to 60 degrees C for the first two hours and after two days of exposure to 5% Chloramin B, 5% soda, 5% calcium hydroxide, 50% chromosulphuric acid, and mixture of 2.5% sulphuric acid with 0.75% potassium permanganage. Acids used alone had the lowest effectiveness.
Bronchoprovocation in children. (1991)

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a major feature of asthma that is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. The assessment of BHR can be a valuable means of assessing asthma severity and also response to therapy. BHR can be measured with a variety of provocative agents including exercise, methacholine, histamine, hypotonic and hypertonic saline and cold air. Methacholine and histamine challenges have been well studied and standardized. They are extremely sensitive indicators of BHR, but this is not synonymous with asthma. This requires that the physician interprets the clinical significance of test results with caution.
Brain Control of the Lower Urinary Tract (2002)

The knowledge on neural pathways involved in micturition and continence has been expanded greatly the last ten years. The aim of the present review is to summarize results obtained from animal and human experiments and to discuss the pathophysiology of relevant urological dysfunction. Four specific parts of the mammalian neural system are important for the control of micturition and continence: 1) ganglion cells in the bladder wall and sympathetic chain (autonomic) and dorsal root chain (sensory); 2) motoneurons and sensory interneurons in the caudal spinal cord; 3) the caudal brainstem; and 4) the cortical and subcortical areas. The parts 1) to 3) comprise the basic components of the micturition reflex and are interconnected via peripheral nerves and central fiber tracts. Normally, we are continent for urine continuously, except for the necessary emptying of the bladder five to eight times a day. Specific lesions of the neural pathways can result in distinct types of urological dysfunction: hypoactivity or hyperactivity of the micturition or continence pathways, and a loss of control of the beginning of micturition.
Compiler-assisted synthesis of algorithm-based checking in multiprocessors (1990)

The task of synthesizing algorithm-based checking techniques for general applications is investigated. The problem is approached at the compiler level by identifying linear transformations in Fortran DO loops and restructuring program statements to convert nonlinear transformations to linear ones. System-level checks based on this property are proposed. The approach is demonstrated with example problems of matrix multiplication and the LINPACK routine: DGEFA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human skin permittivity determined by millimeter wave reflection measurements (2007)

Millimeter wave reflection from the human skin was studied in the frequency range of 37-74 GHz in steps of 1 GHz. The forearm and palm data were used to model the skin with thin and thick stratum corneum (SC), respectively. To fit the reflection data, a homogeneous unilayer and three multilayer skin models were tested. Skin permittivity in the mm-wave frequency range resulted from the permittivity of cutaneous free water which was described by the Debye equation. The permittivity increment found from fitting to the experimental data was used for determination of the complex permittivity and water content of skin layers. Our approach, first tested in pure water and gelatin gels with different water contents, gave good agreement with literature data. The homogeneous skin model fitted the forearm data well. Permittivity of the forearm skin obtained with this model was close to the skin permittivity reported by others. To fit reflection from the palmar skin with a thick SC, a skin model containing at least two layers was required. Multilayer models provided better fitting to both the forearm and palmar skin reflection data. The fitting parameters obtained with different models were consistent with each other.