gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, PX-866, is a potent inhibitor of cancer cell motility and growth in three-dimensional cultures (2007)

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is activated in many human tumors and mediates processes such as cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, and motility. The natural product, wortmannin, has been widely used to study the functional consequences of PI3K inhibition in both normal and transformed cells in culture but is not a suitable cancer chemotherapeutic agent due to stability and toxicity issues. PX-866, an improved wortmannin analogue, displays significant antitumor activity in xenograft models. Here, we directly compare PX-866 and wortmannin in human cancer cell lines cultured in monolayer or as three-dimensional spheroids. Both PI3K inhibitors failed to inhibit monolayer cell growth at concentrations up to 100 nmol/L but strongly suppressed spheroid growth at low nanomolar concentrations, with PX-866 showing greater potency than wortmannin. Relative to wortmannin, PX-866 treatment results in a more sustained loss of Akt phosphorylation, suggesting that the increased potency of PX-866 is related to a more durable inhibition of PI3K signaling. PX-866 and wortmannin both inhibit spheroid growth without causing cytotoxicity, similar to known cytostatic agents, such as rapamycin. PX-866 also inhibits cancer cell motility at subnanomolar concentrations. These findings suggest that the antitumor activities of PX-866 stem from prolonged inhibition of the PI3K pathway and inhibition of cell motility. In addition, we propose that the use of three-dimensional tumor models is more predictive of in vivo growth inhibition by PI3K inhibitors in cancer cell lines lacking phosphatase and tensin homologue activity or expression.
Characterization Of Corneal Specular Endothelial Photomicrographs By Their Fourier Transforms (1988)

The innermost layer of the cornea consists of a single layer of cells which are responsible for the active transport of fluid from the cornea to the aqueous humor. This cellular layer is about 5 pm thick and consist of cells of various shapes (pentagons, hexagons, hexagons, and octagons) although hexagons predominate. With aging and disease states, the cells become enlarged and the percent of hexagons decrease with the appearance of many five and seven side cells. The shape of the endothelial cells in the living cornea is usually evaluated from specular photomicrographs made in specularly reflected light which shows the cell borders in a square millimeter of corneal endothelium. The cell borders are traced out and the cells are analyzed with a digitizer pad, stylus, and computer software. This yields the cell area, density, coefficient of variation, and a histogram of n-sided cells. As an alternative approach to evaluate the cell shape and pattern optically, the following system was employed. The Fourier transform of the cell pattern was obtained on a digital image processor. This technique results in a fingerprint of the original cellular pattern which can be used to characterize the cellular arrangement.
Dual targeting of ErbB-2/ErbB-3 results in enhanced antitumor activity in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer (2014)

ErbB-3 and its ligand NRG-1β are key players in driving oncogenic signaling and resistance to therapy through the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. We have recently reported that EV20, a humanized anti-ErbB3 antibody, possesses a marked antitumor activity in a variety of human tumor models, including pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we report that despite epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression, PC cells are more sensitive to NRG-1β than EGF in terms of Akt activation and cell proliferation. Using stable ErbB-3-knocked down cells and EV20 in combination with trastuzumab, we showed that dual targeting of ErbB-2 and ErbB-3 was necessary to completely abrogate ErbB-3 signaling and to impair cell proliferation. Similarly, enhanced therapeutic efficacy of the antibody combination was seen in xenografts originating from K-Ras-mutated HPAF-II and SW1990 cells, without increasing the toxicity. These results indicate that dual targeting of ErbB-2 and ErbB-3 could represent a new therapeutic approach in PC.Oncogenesis (2014) 3, e117; doi:10.1038/oncsis.2014.31; published online 18 August 2014.
Disseminated Sporotrichosis Associated with Treatment with Immunosuppressants and Tumor Necrosis Factor–α Antagonists (2003)

We report a case of disseminated sporotrichosis in a 49-year-old man who was treated with multiple immunosuppressants, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha antagonists (etanercept and infliximab), for presumed inflammation arthritis. This case illustrates the potential for infectious complications related to the use of cytotoxic immunosuppressants and anticytokine agents, such as TNF-alpha antagonists.
Speech segregation based on sound localization (2003)

At a cocktail party, one can selectively attend to a single voice and filter out all the other acoustical interferences. How to simulate this perceptual ability remains a great challenge. This paper describes a novel, supervised learning approach to speech segregation, in which a target speech signal is separated from interfering sounds using spatial localization cues: interaural time differences (ITD) and interaural intensity differences (IID). Motivated by the auditory masking effect, the notion of an "ideal" time-frequency binary mask is suggested, which selects the target if it is stronger than the interference in a local time-frequency (T-F) unit. It is observed that within a narrow frequency band, modifications to the relative strength of the target source with respect to the interference trigger systematic changes for estimated ITD and IID. For a given spatial configuration, this interaction produces characteristic clustering in the binaural feature space. Consequently, pattern classification is performed in order to estimate ideal binary masks. A systematic evaluation in terms of signal-to-noise ratio as well as automatic speech recognition performance shows that the resulting system produces masks very close to ideal binary ones. A quantitative comparison shows that the model yields significant improvement in performance over an existing approach. Furthermore, under certain conditions the model produces large speech intelligibility improvements with normal listeners.
Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis of Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (2000)

Multiple linkage regions support the notion that risk for hypertension is due to multiple (ie, oligogenic) susceptibility loci. Comparisons across the complete, random, and obese samples suggest that some regions are specific to BP and others may involve obesity (eg, pleiotropy, epistasis, or gene-environment interaction). Some of these areas harbor known candidates. Others involve novel regions, some of which replicate previous reports and provide a focus for future studies to identify novel genes that influence interindividual variation in BP.
Automatic programming of robots using genetic programming (1992)

The goal in automatic programming is to get a computer to perform a task by telling it what needs to be done, rather than by explicitly programming it. This paper considers the task of automatically generating a computer program to enable an autonomous mobile robot to perform the task of moving a box from the middle of an irregular shaped room to the wall. We compare the ability of the recently developed genetic programming paradigm to produce such a program to the reported ability of reinforcement learning techniques, such as Q learning, to produce such a program in the style of the subsumption architecture. The computational requirements of reinforcement learning necessitates considerable human knowledge and intervention, whereas genetic programming comes much closer to achieving the goal of getting the computer to perform the task without explicitly programming it. The solution produced by genetic programming emerges as a result of Darwinian natural selection and genetic crossover (sexual recombination) in a population of computer programs. The process is driven by a fitness measure which communicates the nature of the task to the computer and its learning paradigm.
Multidisciplinary studies of illness in aged persons. VI. Comparison study of rehabilitated and nonrehabilitated patients with fracture of the hip (1964)

Abstract A study was designed to assess the use of evaluation of function for comparative studies in rehabilitation. For this purpose, the course of fracture of the hip was compared in rehabilitated and nonrehabilitated patients matched for age, sex, socio-economic status, and prior disability. Deterioration in ambulation was more common in the nonrehabilitated patients. Severe deterioration in activities of daily living was also more frequent in the nonrehabilitated group. The methodologic importance of the study was discussed, namely, its role in demonstrating the utility of measures of function for critical studies of rehabilitative care.
Fingerprint and iris biometric controlled smart banking machine embedded with GSM technology for OTP (2016)

Frauds attacking the automated teller machine has increased over the decade which has motivated us to use the biometrics for personal identification to procure high level of security and accuracy This paper describes a system that replaces the ATM cards and PINs by the physiological biometric fingerprint and iris authentication. Moreover, the feature of one time password (OTP) imparts privacy to the users and emancipates him/her from recalling PINs. Additionally the system provides protection to the ATM terminal from fire and thief attacks by making provisions of pump motor and a DC motor for rolling the shutter. In this system during enrollment the genuine user's fingerprint and iris samples of are retained in the database. The process of transaction begins by capturing and matching fingerprints and iris patterns. The system will automatically distinguish between real legitimate trait and fake samples. A GSM module connected to the ARM7 LPC2148 will message a 3-digit code generated by the system to the registered mobile number. After the valid OTP is entered the user can either withdraw or deposit cash or check his/her balance. In any kind of fake access attempts the account is blocked. In this paper the experimental results are obtained on the data set of fingerprint and iris in real time using fingerprint module with a minutiae matching algorithm and a GUI based of Circular Hough Transform respectively.
Phytochemicals - A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health (2012)

Phytochemicals are biologically active compounds present in plants used for food and medicine. A great deal of interest has been generated recently in the isolation, characterization and biological activity of these phytochemicals. This book is in response to the need for more current and global scope of phytochemicals. It contains chapters written by internationally recognized authors. The topics covered in the book range from their occurrence, chemical and physical characteristics, analytical procedures, biological activity, safety and industrial applications. The book has been planned to meet the needs of the researchers, health professionals, government regulatory agencies and industries. This book will serve as a standard reference book in this important and fast growing area of phytochemicals, human nutrition and health.
Single-site trinuclear copper oxygen clusters in mordenite for selective conversion of methane to methanol (2015)

Copper-exchanged zeolites with mordenite structure mimic the nuclearity and reactivity of active sites in particulate methane monooxygenase, which are enzymes able to selectively oxidize methane to methanol. Here we show that the mordenite micropores provide a perfect confined environment for the highly selective stabilization of trinuclear copper-oxo clusters that exhibit a high reactivity towards activation of carbon-hydrogen bonds in methane and its subsequent transformation to methanol. The similarity with the enzymatic systems is also implied from the similarity of the reversible rearrangements of the trinuclear clusters occurring during the selective transformations of methane along the reaction path towards methanol, in both the enzyme system and copper-exchanged mordenite.
Anisotropic Thermal and Chemical Expansion in Sr-Substituted LaMnO<sub>3+δ</sub>: Implications for Chemical Strain Relaxation (2011)

The anisotropic thermal and chemical expansion of rhombohedral (R3̅c) La1–xSrxMnO3+δ (x = 0.2, 0.3) was investigated by in situ high temperature X-ray diffraction of submicrometer size powders in pure oxygen and nitrogen (inert) atmospheres. The thermal expansion of the long axis c was found to be close to twice as high as the thermal expansion of the short axis a. The large thermal expansion of the c-axis is caused by rectification of the antiferrodistortive tilting and decompression of the MnO6/2 octahedra. The unit cell parameters were shown to be strongly dependent on the partial pressure of oxygen, which was attributed to chemical expansion/contraction due to reduction/oxidation of Mn. Anisotropic chemical expansion/contraction was more pronounced for the unit cell parameter a than for c, and the chemical expansion/contraction was inferred to reflect the size of the MnO6/2 octahedra. The onset of chemical expansion in nitrogen and contraction in oxygen atmosphere during heating was discussed in terms of a gradual transformation from a nonequilibrium to an equilibrium point defect population in La1–xSrxMnO3+δ. Possible implications of slow relaxation of chemically induced stresses at the nanoscale and in epitaxial thin films are addressed. Finally, a second order phase transition from the ferroelastic (R3̅c) to paraelastic state (Pm3̅m) is reported for La0.7Sr0.3MnO3+δ at 850 ± 25 °C. The temperature of the phase transition decreases with increasing Sr content in La1–xSrxMnO3+δ.
The importance of nonverbal communication in the courtroom (1994)

This essay reviews the empirical research on nonverbal communication in the courtroom environment and introduces a functional model that explicates the process whereby various nonverbal signals of courtroom participants combine to influence the deliberation of a jury. Although a relatively new area of scientific study, findings are available pertaining to the role of nonverbal communication in five key areas: voire dire and jury analysis; opening and closing statements; client demeanor and direct examination; cross‐examination; and judge demeanor and communication. Conclusions based on this body of research are presented in the form of several propositions but should be qualified in view of the fact that few studies have been done in the courtroom context
Functionalized carbon nanotubes in donor/acceptor-type photovoltaic devices (2006)

We have introduced functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in donor/acceptor-type photovoltaic devices. We fabricated the devices based on heterostructure between polymer-CNT composite and buckminsterfullerene (C60) layers. Due to the functional groups of the CNTs, a homogeneous blend of CNT-polymer composite could be obtained. In the composite, the nanotubes acted as exciton dissociation sites and also hopping centers for hole transport. The CNTs in the polymer-CNT∕C60 device provided higher exciton dissociation volume and increased mobility for carrier transport. We have observed an increase in open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current in the polymer-CNT∕C60 devices as compared to the polymer∕C60 ones.
The factor XIII V34L polymorphism accelerates thrombin activation of factor XIII and affects cross-linked fibrin structure (2000)

Factor XIII on activation by thrombin cross-links fibrin. A common polymorphism Val to Leu at position 34 in the FXIII A subunit is under investigation as a risk determinant of thrombosis. Because Val34Leu is close to the thrombin cleavage site, the hypothesis that it would alter the function of FXIII was tested. Analysis of FXIII subunit proteolysis by thrombin using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography showed that FXIII 34Leu was cleaved by thrombin more rapidly and by lower doses than 34Val. Mass spectrometry of isolated activation peptides confirmed the predicted single methyl group difference and demonstrated that the thrombin cleavage site is unaltered by Val34Leu. Kinetic analysis of activation peptide release demonstrated that the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of thrombin was 0.5 for FXIII 34Leu and 0.2 (μmol/L)−1× sec−1 for 34Val. Presence of fibrin increased the catalytic efficiency to 4.8 and 2.2 (μmol/L)−1 × sec−1, respectively. Although the 34Leu peptide was released at a similar rate as fibrinopeptide A, the 34Val peptide was released more slowly than fibrinopeptide A but more quickly than fibrinopeptide B generation. Cross-linking of γ- and -chains appeared earlier when fibrin was incubated with FXIII 34Leu than with 34Val. Fully activated 34Leu and 34Val FXIII showed similar cross-linking activity. Analysis of fibrin clots prepared using plasma from FXIII 34Leu subjects by turbidity and permeability measurements showed reduced fiber mass/length ratio and porosity compared to 34Val. The structural differences were confirmed by electron microscopy. These results demonstrate that Val34Leu accelerates activation of FXIII by thrombin and consequently affects the structure of the cross-linked fibrin clot.
Computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty: comparative results in a preliminary series of 72 cases. (2005)

The aim of this study was to assess the value of navigation in achieving correct positioning of the implants and soft-tissue balance in total knee arthroplasty. We compared the axis alignment achieved in 72 LCS TKA's performed with navigation assistance to a historical cohort of 62 LCS TKA's implanted with the conventional instrumentation. The position of the tibial and femoral implants and the post-operative mechanical axes of the lower limbs were compared in the two series: there was a highly significant improvement in the alignment accuracy in the navigated series (p < 0.0001). There were no outliers in the computer-assisted series whereas 47% of the cases in the conventional series showed deviations of the mechanical axis of the lower limb of more than 2 degrees from neutral alignment. However, the position of the femoral implants in rotation was not improved, suggesting that there may be a need for a more refined technique for rotational alignment of the femur, which was based essentially in the present series on ligament balance in flexion. The height of the joint line was preserved in 89% of the cases, validating the empirical use of the spreader tool prototype used during the study. Navigation eases optimal ligament balancing, by providing information that is used for appropriate release of soft tissue to achieve the proper mechanical axis. No major complication related to the use of navigation was observed. Operation time was lengthened on average by 30 minutes. Long-term studies are necessary to show whether better accuracy in ligament balancing and higher precision in restoration of mechanical axes will improve the functional results and the survival rate of knee arthroplasty.
Linear versus mel frequency cepstral coefficients for speaker recognition (2011)

Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) have been dominantly used in speaker recognition as well as in speech recognition. However, based on theories in speech production, some speaker characteristics associated with the structure of the vocal tract, particularly the vocal tract length, are reflected more in the high frequency range of speech. This insight suggests that a linear scale in frequency may provide some advantages in speaker recognition over the mel scale. Based on two state-of-the-art speaker recognition back-end systems (one Joint Factor Analysis system and one Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis system), this study compares the performances between MFCC and LFCC (Linear frequency cepstral coefficients) in the NIST SRE (Speaker Recognition Evaluation) 2010 extended-core task. Our results in SRE10 show that, while they are complementary to each other, LFCC consistently outperforms MFCC, mainly due to its better performance in the female trials. This can be explained by the relatively shorter vocal tract in females and the resulting higher formant frequencies in speech. LFCC benefits more in female speech by better capturing the spectral characteristics in the high frequency region. In addition, our results show some advantage of LFCC over MFCC in reverberant speech. LFCC is as robust as MFCC in the babble noise, but not in the white noise. It is concluded that LFCC should be more widely used, at least for the female trials, by the mainstream of the speaker recognition community.
Diabetes and inflammatory diseases: An overview from the perspective of Ca<sup>2+</sup>/3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling (2021)

A large amount of evidence has supported a clinical link between diabetes and inflammatory diseases, <i>e.g.</i>, cancer, dementia, and hypertension. In addition, it is also suggested that dysregulations related to Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling could link these diseases, in addition to 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathways. Thus, revealing this interplay between diabetes and inflammatory diseases may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of these diseases. Publications involving signaling pathways related to Ca<sup>2+</sup> and cAMP, inflammation, diabetes, dementia, cancer, and hypertension (alone or combined) were collected by searching PubMed and EMBASE. Both signaling pathways, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and cAMP signaling, control the release of neurotransmitters and hormones, in addition to neurodegeneration, and tumor growth. Furthermore, there is a clear relationship between Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling, <i>e.g</i>., increased Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals, and inflammatory responses. cAMP also regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Due to the experience of our group in this field, this article discusses the role of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and cAMP signaling in the correlation between diabetes and inflammatory diseases, including its pharmacological implications. As a novelty, this article also includes: (1) A timeline of the major events in Ca<sup>2+</sup>/cAMP signaling; and (2) As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging and rapidly evolving situation, this article also discusses recent reports on the role of Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel blockers for preventing Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling disruption due to COVID-19, including the correlation between COVID-19 and diabetes.