gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-photon emission computed tomography and early death in acute ischemic stroke. (1990)

Single-photon emission computed tomography with thallium-201-labeled diethyldithiocarbamate was performed in 26 consecutive patients less than or equal to 24 hours after a supratentorial brain infarction. Computed tomography excluded other relevant pathology. Two observers assessed the initial regional cerebral blood flow deficit using a semiquantitative visual method. The size of the initial flow deficit correlated negatively with the Barthel Index score (performance of the activities of daily living) after 6 months but not with the motricity index score (a measure of severity of the hemiparesis) after 6 months. The initial flow deficit was strongly correlated with early death from tentorial herniation; all five patients with the largest initial flow deficits died less than or equal to 6 days after the stroke, but among the 21 patients with smaller initial flow deficits only one died early (p = 0.00018, Fisher's exact two-tailed test). Although depressed level of consciousness, conjugate gaze deviation, and severe hemiparesis were more prevalent in the group of six patients who died early, the differences in prevalence between this group and the 20 patients who survived were not significant. Single-photon emission computed tomography is a relatively simple method to semiquantitatively measure a blood flow disturbance immediately after its occurrence. The magnitude of this blood flow disturbance is strongly related to early death from tentorial herniation. Because of these properties, single-photon emission computed tomography to measure regional cerebral blood flow can be of great use in acute stroke research.
Research Methodology and Epidemiology of Relevance in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (2006)

With respect to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), unfortunately there is very little consensus about which investigations are useful for identifying causes and evaluating the prognosis, and also about which treatments are effective. In this review, arguments are given for the claim that this lack of consensus may mainly be because studies in the field of RPL have yielded very heterogeneous results. This heterogeneity, in the authors' belief, is caused by the scientists' lack of appreciation, when they do research, of important epidemiological knowledge about RPL (e.g., about the multifactorial background for most of the RPL cases and the importance of matching/adjusting for a series of prognostic variables when groups are mutually compared). Furthermore, many studies in RPL contain methodological flaws that are sometimes severe. A series of important epidemiological features of RPL is highlighted in the review and the most important methodological pitfalls, many of them specific for RPL research, are discussed. Advice is given about to how to avoid the pitfalls in order that the validity of the studies can improve for the benefit of the patients.
Recurrent Challenges for Clinicians: Emergence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistance, and Current Treatment Options (2013)

ABSTRACT Gram-positive pathogens mainly, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, are developing increasing resistance to glycopeptides that pose a problem in treating infections caused by these pathogens. Vancomycin is the treatment of choice in treating methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Community-acquired MRSA is associated with infections in patients without recent history of hospital admission and without the classical risk factors for MRSA carriage (including healthcare personnel). MRSA poses new threats and challenges beyond the hospital with the emergence of community-acquired MRSA. Indiscriminate use of vancomycin leads to the emergence and spread of vancomycin resistance in multidrug resistant strains is of growing concern in the recent years. Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) remains an important determinant in choosing the right antibiotics. Infections caused by MRSA strains with vancomycin MIC > 4 μg/mL leads to the vancomycin treatment failure. The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute had also lowered the cut-off susceptibility and resistance breakpoints for vancomycin. Despite the availability of newer antimicrobial agents (Linezolid, Daptomycin, Tigecycline) for drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, clinicians and patients still need options for treatment of MRSA infection. There is a need to reduce the global burden of infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens and its resistant strains (mainly MRSA). Continuous efforts should be made to prevent the spread and the emergence of glycopeptide resistance by early detection of the resistant strains and using the proper infection control measures in the hospital setting.
Epitaxy of Al films on GaN studied by reflection high-energy electron diffraction and atomic force microscopy (1997)

Epitaxy of Al films deposited on GaN has been studied using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction, and ion channeling techniques. Al (111) films have been found to grow epitaxially on GaN (0001) surfaces with Al 〈21̄1̄〉‖GaN〈21̄1̄0〉. For growth at 15 and 150 °C with a deposition rate of 0.26 Å/s, the epitaxial quality of the film was poor initially, as evidenced by the observation of diffuse RHEED patterns. After a few monolayers, a sharp and streaky RHEED pattern develops and is maintained during subsequent deposition, indicating an improvement in epitaxial quality with a two-dimensional growth mode. AFM studies indicate that the initial GaN surface quality is a significant factor in achieving epitaxial growth, and that the size of Al epitaxial islands increases substantially for higher growth temperatures. X-ray diffraction and ion channeling results confirm the epitaxial nature of the Al films in spite of a significant lattice mismatch of 10.2%.
Reconfigurable physical agents (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Reconfigurable physical agents Authors: Masahiro Fujita D21 laboratory, Sony Corporation, 6-7-35, Kita-shinogawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0001 Japan D21 laboratory, Sony Corporation, 6-7-35, Kita-shinogawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0001 JapanView Profile , Hiroaki Kitano Sony Computer Science Laboratory, Muse Bld. 3-1413 Higashi-gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0001 Japan Sony Computer Science Laboratory, Muse Bld. 3-1413 Higashi-gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0001 JapanView Profile , Koji Kageyama D21 Laboratory, Sony Corporation, 6-7-35, Kita-shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0001 Japan D21 Laboratory, Sony Corporation, 6-7-35, Kita-shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0001 JapanView Profile Authors Info & Claims AGENTS '98: Proceedings of the second international conference on Autonomous agentsMay 1998 Pages 54–61https://doi.org/10.1145/280765.280774Published:01 May 1998Publication History 18citation463DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations18Total Downloads463Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Botanical Compounds: Effects on Major Eye Diseases (2013)

Botanical compounds have been widely used throughout history as cures for various diseases and ailments. Many of these compounds exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. These are also common damaging mechanisms apparent in several ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, and retinitis pigmentosa. In recent years, there have been many epidemiological and clinical studies that have demonstrated the beneficial effects of plant-derived compounds, such as curcumin, lutein and zeaxanthin, danshen, ginseng, and many more, on these ocular pathologies. Studies in cell cultures and animal models showed promising results for their uses in eye diseases. While there are many apparent significant correlations, further investigation is needed to uncover the mechanistic pathways of these botanical compounds in order to reach widespread pharmaceutical use and provide noninvasive alternatives for prevention and treatments of the major eye diseases.
Optical sensor based on resonant porous silicon structures (2005)

We propose a new design for an optical sensor based on porous silicon structures. We present an analysis based on a pole expansion, which allows for the easy identification of the parameters important for the operation of the sensor, and the phenomenological inclusion of scattering losses. The predicted sensitivity of the sensor is much greater than detectors utilizing surface plasmon resonance.
Mechanism of persistent luminescence in Sr<sub>2</sub>MgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup>; Dy<sup>3+</sup> (2004)

Abstract A recently developed method to determine the energy levels of divalent lanthanide ions relative to the conduction band and valence band of host compounds is applied to Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 doped with Eu 2+ and Dy 3+ . The level locations are not consistent with the widely adopted and generally believed mechanism of persistent luminescence in Eu 2+ and Dy 3+ doped aluminates and silicates. A new mechanism of persistent luminescence is proposed. In this mechanism Eu 3+ and Dy 2+ are the stable trapping centers and not Eu + and Dy 4+ as in the existing mechanism. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adaptability using Reflection. (1994)

Adaptability, i.e. the ability of a system to adapt dynamically to changes in its execution environment, is considered as an important property of computer systems. Scaling directory replication in name servers and load balancing are well known examples. However, adaptability in today's systems, if present at all, generally is burnt in and dedicated to singular properties of the execution environment. This paper discusses a more universal approach to adaptability. The approach is based on the - in some cases artificial - separation of nonfunctional properties from the functionality of application systems. The scheme provides full control over non functional properties while preserving transparency for the application programs . To study that approach, reflection has been incorporated into the BirliX object model and its implementation. It has been used to experiment with some non functional properiies such as migration and proteciion. The paper motivates the need for a universal adaptability scheme, revisits reflection as used in programming language systems and discusses design decisions for reflective systems, describes the resulting reflective BirliX model and its implementation and finally describes applications.
Molecular Epidemiology and Phylodynamics of the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein in Northern Taiwan (2013)

Before 2004, RSV-A infections were involved in several small epidemics and only very limited numbers of strains evolved and re-emerged in subsequent years. After 2005, the circulating RSV-A strains were different from those of the previous years and continued evolving through 2010. Phylodynamic pattern showed the evolutionary divergence of RSV increased significantly in the recent 5 years in northern Taiwan.
Evolution of Left Atrial Thrombus with Anticoagulant Therapy-Follow-up by Transesophageal Echocardiography (1995)

Left atrial thrombus could dissolve or decrease in size with adequate anticoagulation.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for increasing numbers of drugs in antiretroviral combination therapy (2002)

Evidence from randomised controlled trials supports the use of triple therapy. Research is needed on the effectiveness of quadruple therapies and the relative effectiveness of specific combinations of drugs.
Future Seniors: Is the Hospitality Industry Ready for Them? (1992)

Persons age 55 and over will become the biggest market for hospitality throughout the next 30 years. This future senior market will not have the same needs and characteristics of current seniors. The author discusses the similarities and differences of the current and future senior markets and offers recommendations for meeting the needs of the future senior market.
Epidemiological aspects of<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>enteritis (1982)

An epidemiological study on Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis was performed in an urban Swedish community. The study included 55 patients gathered during a six-month period. Forty-one of the 55 patients (75%) were infected outside Sweden. Campylobacter enterocolitis was rare among children within the country. Patients infected in Sweden had eaten chicken significantly more often than a corresponding control group. Seven out of nine chicken consuming campylobacter patients also had prepared the fresh chicken alone, and none of their family members became ill. Thus the preparation of food contaminated with Campylobacter seems to elevate the risk for contracting the disease. Sick household pets transmitted the campylobacter infection to two patients. Forty-six of the patients had a total of 85 close household members. Three definite secondary cases were found. There was no evidence of transmission of Campylobacter by food prepared by two cooks who were working while still being asymptomatic excreters. Clinical reinfection with Campylobacter was observed in one patient. No patients became long-term carriers of Campylobacter.
On Handoff Minimization in Wireless Networks: From a Navigation Perspective (2010)

Interactive wireless applications, like VoIP over wireless networks, desire high-quality links and smooth connectivity during user movement. In order to support seamless roaming in wireless networks, handoff optimization has attracted a lot of attention recently. Most existing approaches aim at reducing handoff latency in communication protocols. While these methods provide significant savings in handoff latency, frequent handoffs could still be crucial and problematic for interactive applications. In this paper, we propose a new perspective for handoff optimization by introducing navigation guidance to minimize the handoff frequency. We first formulate the navigation-driven handoff minimization problem, then propose an optimal algorithm and a localized algorithm to solve it. The optimal algorithm assumes global knowledge of AP locations and uses a navigation graph to find a minimal handoff frequency path. The localized algorithm, however, only uses neighbor AP locations for route selection, which is more practical in real applications. Implementation issues of the proposed algorithms are discussed and simulations based on real world AP deployment are used to evaluate their performance. Experiment results show that our algorithms reduce handoff frequency by at most 42% compared to existing strategies.
Mathyl-lithium as a Convenient Deacylation Agent of Alkoxycarbonyl and Benzoyl Protected Secondry Hydrazides. Applicatins in the Field of Azetidinodiazepines and of Their Photoisomers (1990)

Methyl-lithium proved to be a useful deacylating reagent for alkoxycarbonyl-and benzoyl-protected secondary hydrazides, leading therebyafter protonationto the R-CO-NR'-NH-R' functionality.This methodology found some application with azetidinodiazepines 1, in which the N-Y group was cleaved selectively without destruction of the p-lactam moiety.INTRODUCTION.-In a previous publication we showed that azetidinodiazepines 1 Could easily be synthesized in a stereospecific way from the corresponding monocyclic 1,2d i a z e p i n e s . 1 Furthermore direct irradiation of compounds 1 by uv light led stereospecifically to the tricyclic photoisomers 5,2 whereas triplet photosensitized irradiation of 1 gave the type 9 anti-Bredt photoisomers.2 Our next objective was the selective deprotection of the hydrazide moieties, i.e. replacement of Y by H of compounds 1 and 5, the ultimate goal being the attachment of an anionic functionality to N(2) in order to arrive at some analogues of p-lactam antibiotics.Aiming in particular at the preparation of azadienes 3 (see below), we did obtain these latter ones by pyrolysis of the corresponding urea derivatives 2.3 Unfortunately the pyrolysis conditions proved to be rather harsh.Furthermore the synthesis of hydrazides 2 was cumbersome.3Therefore we investigated the deprotection of the urethane and benzamide type derivatives 1 and 5 by applying a methodology which had been introduced in 1983 by Sawyer.4Sawyer showed that MeLi, when used in excess in the cold, clearly led to deacylation of secondary urethanes4 which gave the corresponding secondary amines.He showed furthermore that these experimental conditions did not permit to cleave primary urethanes .4 DEACYLATION OF ALKOXYCARBONYL AND BENZOYL PROTECTED HYDRAZIDEDERIVATIVES WITH METHYL-LITHIUM.-When l a was treated with a two-to threefold excess of MeLi in THFIEtzO at low temperature under argon, and thence with HzO, azadiene 3a was formed in moderate yield (63 %).Using the same methodology with l b , azadiene 3 b was obtained in poor yield only (17 %).Furthermore the benzamide functionality of l c was cleaved easily to give 3a in good yield (89 %).The results which we obtained under
Preparation of alumina-supported intermetallic compounds (2013)

A series of alumina-supported intermetallic compounds, Pt3Co/Al2O3, PtCu/Al2O3, Pt3Sn/Al2O3 and Pd3Pb/Al2O3, being promising materials as catalysts, were prepared by reduction of two metal precursors co-impregnated on γ-Al2O3. As a Pt precursor, [Pt(NH3)4]2+ or PtCl62− was used coupled with the second metal precursors. Two different reduction procedures, gaseous H2 and LiBH4 in liquid phase, were also employed and compared. Using PtCl62− which possesses a more negative reduction potential than [Pt(NH3)4]2+ strongly enhanced formation of the desired Pt-based intermetallic nanoparticles regardless of the reduction procedure. A similar trend was observed in preparation of Pd3Pb/Al2O3 with PdCl42− compared to Pd2+. A strong reduction agent LiBH4 gave higher contents of the corresponding intermetallic phases than H2 in all cases. Single-phase intermetallic compounds supported on alumina were synthesized by employing the chloro-complexes and LiBH4 reduction. A systematic investigation indicates that the degree of intermetallic formation intrinsically depends on the difference in reduction potentials (ΔE) of the two metal precursors. Bimetallic combinations with small ΔE such as PdCl42−/Bi3+, Co2+/SnCl62− and Ni2+/SnCl62− also allow syntheses of PdBi/Al2O3, Co3Sn2/Al2O3, Ni3Sn/Al2O3 and Ni3Sn2/Al2O3 by H2 reduction, respectively. An appropriate choice of the metal precursor to reduce ΔE is an effective strategy to synthesize an alumina-supported intermetallic compound.
Localized hyperthermic treatment of experimental bone tumors with ferromagnetic ceramics (1993)

Localized hyperthermic treatment was carried out with use of a metastatic bone tumor model in rabbits. The experimental bone tumor was created by transplantation of pieces of tumor line VX2 into the medullary canal of rabbit tibiae. Two weeks after the transplantation, a ferromagnetic ceramic pin was inserted in the medullary canal. Then, hyperthermia (HT) of the tumor was accomplished with use of an alternating magnetic field for 50 min. All the rabbits were killed 5 weeks after tumor transplantation, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated histologically and roentgenographically. Almost all the tumor cells within the bone marrow were killed by this procedure. The area of tumor necrosis in the HT group was significantly larger than in the control group. The pathological fracture rate and displacement rate were reduced significantly by this treatment (38.5 and 0%) compared with the controls (92.3 and 92.3%). Therefore, HT with the use of ferromagnetic ceramics was effective for local control of malignant bone tumors and seems to be a promising new method of treatment.
Chlorophyll Extraction from Microalgae: A Review on the Process Engineering Aspects (2010)

Chlorophyll is an essential compound in many everyday products. It is used not only as an additive in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products but also as a natural food colouring agent. Additionally, it has antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. This review discusses the process engineering of chlorophyll extraction from microalgae. Different chlorophyll extraction methods and chlorophyll purification techniques are evaluated. Our preliminary analysis suggests supercritical fluid extraction to be superior to organic solvent extraction. When compared to spectroscopic technique, high performance liquid chromatography was shown to be more accurate and sensitive for chlorophyll analysis. Finally, through<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>capture and wastewater treatment, microalgae cultivation process was shown to have strong potential for mitigation of environmental impacts.
Interactive variable selection (IVS) for PLS. Part II: Chemical applications (1995)

Abstract With the aim of developing PLS models with improved predictive properties, an interactive variable selection (IVS) approach for PLS regression was introduced in Part I of this series. IVS‐PLS is based on a dimension‐wise selective removal of single elements in the PLS weight vector w. IVS uses cross‐validation (CV) as a guiding tool. The present paper illustrates the use of IVS‐PLS on both simulated data and real examples from chemistry. In the first example, spectrophotometric data were simulated according to an experimental design. The objective was to see how IVS‐PLS was influenced by different levels of noise in X and Y and by the number of predictor variables ( K ). The results of the modelling are shown as response surfaces. In addition, four real examples were modelled by the IVS‐PLS technique. The real data sets were chosen to reflect different types of data from chemistry. For each example a comparison of ‘prediction error sum of squares’ (PRESS) between IVS‐PLS and classical PLS is made For most of the examples containing many predictor variables IVS‐PLS shows an improvement in predictive properties over classical PLS. Also, improvements for IVS‐PLS2 (modelling of more than one y‐variable) models were found. For data sets with a moderate number of variables the influence of the IVS method becomes less pronounced.
Identification of seroreactive epitopes of human papillomavirus type 18 E7 protein by synthetic peptides. (1993)

Nine everlapping peptides covering the entire sequence of early protein E7 of human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) were synthesized and tested as antigens with pools of selected human sera in ELISA. Peptides denoted 18/E7-2, 18/E7-3, and 18/E7-5 (amino acid positions 11-33, 21-40, and 41-60, respectively) were reactive with pooled sera originating from HPV-18 DNA-positive cervical cancer patients but not with sera from HPV-16 DNA-positive cervical cancer patients or from condyloma acuminata patients. This suggested that the epitopes contained in these peptides were HPV-18 type-specific, relative to HPV types 16, 11, and 6. On the other hand, 18/E7-1 (aa 1-23) and 18/E7-6 (aa 51-70) peptides were cross-reactive. The prevalence of antibodies reactive with 18/E7-2, 18/E7-3, and 18/E7-5 peptides in cervical carcinoma patients was very low. Thus, the utilization of these peptides for monitoring HPV-18 infection seems to be rather limited.