gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Far‐Infrared‐Transmitting Te Based Glasses Suitable for Carbon Dioxide Detection and Space Optics (2007)

Far-infrared transmitting telluride glasses are synthesized by stabilizing the Ge-Te amorphous covalent network with addition of iodine. These new glasses show good resistance toward crystallization and are therefore compatible for designing complex IR optics for detection of CO2 (see figure). Moulded optics can be prepared from these glasses without loss in optical properties.
Analysis and design of focused interdigital transducers (2005)

Focused interdigital transducers (FIDTs) can generate surface acoustic wave (SAW) with high intensity and high beamwidth compression ratio. Owing to these features, they are very suitable to be used as the sources of microacoustic channels or waveguides in the near future. The focusing properties of FIDTs are dominated solely by their geometric shapes. Therefore, to obtain optimal performance, it is essential to analyze the FIDTs with a variety of geometric shapes. However, among the existing studies concerning the diffraction of FIDTs, a detailed analysis and design of FIDTs is still in paucity. In this paper, we adopted the exact angular spectrum of plane wave theory (ASoW) to calculate the amplitude fields of FIDTs on Y-Z lithium niobate (LiNbO3) with the shape as a concentric circular arc and the concentric wave surface. Based on the calculation results, we discussed the variations of the amplitude fields induced by changing number of pairs, degree of arc, and geometric focal length. In addition, the focusing properties of FIDTs on the (100)-oriented GaAs substrate were also analyzed and discussed. We also summarized the guiderules for designing a FIDT via four important factors. It is worth noting that the results of this study provide an important basis for designing various FIDTs to fit the desired applications.
Speaker Clustering and Cluster Purification Methods for RT07 and RT09 Evaluation Meeting Data (2012)

This paper presents a design strategy for the speaker diarization system in the IIR submissions to the 2007 and 2009 NIST Rich Transcription Meeting Recognition Evaluations (RT07 and RT09) for the multiple distant microphone (MDM) condition. The system features two algorithms supporting two important steps in a diarization process. The first step is Initial Segmentation and Clustering (ISC), and the second one is cluster merging and purification. In the ISC step, we propose a histogram quantization and clustering technique based on time delay of arrival (TDOA) features by analyzing the correlation among the signals across multiple distant microphones. In the cluster merging and purification step, we further merge the speaker clusters using a Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to consolidate the clusters to arrive at one-cluster-per-speaker. The two steps work in tandem to form an integral process. We propose a novel Consensus Based Cluster Purification (CBCP) method that involves a technique to remove impure speaker segments in the speaker clusters before speaker modeling in the cluster purification process. The system reports a state-of-the-art performance of speaker diarization for RT07 and RT09 MDM condition with 7.47% and 8.77% Diarization error rates (DERs), respectively, for both overlapping and non-overlapping speech.
The Vitamin D Receptor--Structure and Transcriptional Activation (1997)

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is an integral part of the body's calcium regulatory system. In this review, recent advances in the understanding of VDR structure and function are discussed. Both direct mutagenesis studies on the VDR and structural studies of related receptors have been reviewed. Recent insights into DNA binding and ligand binding by the VDR are discussed, along with implications for gene regulation by the VDR. The potential role of co-activators and co-repressors in VDR-regulated transcription are discussed, and avenues of future research proposed.
5-Coordinate Si Compounds as Intermediates in the Synthesis of Silicates in Nonaqueous Media (1994)

Sodium silicoglycolate, an organosilicon compound in which silicon is in 5-coordination with respect to oxygen, is shown to be a reaction intermediate in the synthesis of a purely siliceous sodalite with ethylene glycol as solvent. The presence of silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonances at -105.5 +/- 0.3 parts per million in solution and -102.7 parts per million in the solid state as well as x-ray powder diffraction patterns demonstrate that 5-coordinate silicon is intimately involved in the synthesis. Silicon compounds of the 5-coordinate type are highly reactive and are promising starting materials for the synthesis of novel silicone polymers, molecular sieves, glasses, semiconductors, and ceramics. We have used sodium silicoglycolate to prepare the molecular sieve silicalite as well as sodalites of different compositions.
The US District Court for the Northern District of California renders a criminal sentence to a real estate investor for bid-rigging (Michael Marr) (2018)

On March 21, 2018, the Chief Judge for the United States District Court for the Northern District of California sentenced Michael Marr to serve 30 months in federal prison and pay $1.4 million…
Principles of Microelectrophoresis Cells (1942)

The subject of the measurement of the electrophoretic mobility of suspended particles by the microscopic method is considered, particularly from the experimental and electrochemical viewpoints. The interrelation of the parabolas of electrophoretic and electro‐osmotic velocity is stressed. Formulas and conventional diagrams are included. Special emphasis is laid upon factors of cell design, cell operation, and the sources of error. The work is connected with studies of the electrophoretic dewatering of clays and other mineral suspensions which are in progress.
Mid-Air Haptics in Aviation -- creating the sensation of touch where there is nothing but thin air (2020)

The exciting new technology known as mid-air haptics has been adopted by several industries including Automotive and Entertainment, however it has yet to emerge in simulated pilot training or in real-life flight decks. Full-flight simulators are expensive to manufacture, maintain and operate. Not only that, each simulator is limited to one aircraft type, which is inefficient for the majority of airlines that have several in service. With the growing trend in touchscreen instrumentation, cockpit displays require the pilot's attention to be drawn away from their view out of the window. But by using gesture recognition interfaces combined with mid-air haptic feedback, we can mitigate this shortcoming while also adding another dimension to the existing technology for pilots already familiar with using legacy cockpits, complete with traditional instrumentation. Meanwhile, simulation environments using augmented and virtual reality technology offers quality immersive training to the extent that pilots can go from hundreds of hours of simulated training to being responsible for hundreds of lives on their very first flight. The software re-programmability and dynamic richness afforded by mid-air haptic technologies combined with a basic full-motion platform could allow for an interchange of instrumentation layouts thus enhancing simulation immersiveness and environments. Finally, by borrowing and exploring concepts within the automotive sector, this concept paper presents how flight deck design could evolve by adopting this technology. If pilot testimony suggests that they can adapt to virtual objects, can this replace physical controls?
Relationship between Crystal Structures and Solid Solution of Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors (1989)

We report on the superconductivity and crystal structures in Tl-(Ba, Sr)-Ca-Cu-O (TBSCC) system. In the case of TBSCC system, the 2223 phase was obtained as a single phase more easily compared with the Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O systems. As a result, we achieved a high superconducting volume fraction, 95% above 100 K. The crystallographic transformation was caused by changing the ratio of Ba to Sr. By the X-ray diffraction and TEM analysis, the crystal structure was determined as a 2223 structure consisting of Tl-O bilayers in the Ba-rich side, and a 1223 structure consisting of Tl-O monolayer in the Sr-rich side.
Immunoadjuvant activity of oral<i>Lactobacillus casei</i>: influence of dose on the secretory immune response and protective capacity in intestinal infections (1991)

Lactobacilli, often used as effectors of host functions, could play an important role in maintaining human health by controlling other intestinal microorganisms capable of producing harmful effects. Using an experimental model, we studied the effect of different oral doses of Lactobacillus casei on the secretory IgA response and the protective capacity of the microorganism in preventing intestinal infections. The optimization of the protective dose of Lb. casei by previous feeding and the use of the lactobacillus as an immunological way to control enteric infections were investigated. We found that conventional mice were protected against infection with Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli by previous feeding for 2 consecutive days with a daily Lb. casei dose of 1.2 x 10(9) cfu/mouse. Previous feeding for 7 d proved less effective, and feeding for 5 d afforded no protection at all. We were also able to demonstrate that the protective effect of Lb. casei against Sal. typhimurium and Esch. coli was connected mainly with the high level of IgA antipathogen antibodies present in intestinal secretions. beta-Glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) and beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) activities, measured both in the intestinal fluid and histological samples, showed a marked increase in intestinal inflammatory response on day 5 of feeding. These results show that Lb. casei plays an important role in the prevention of enteric infections, a low dose being enough for protection against intestinal infections by increasing IgA secretion into the intestinal lumen, thus providing adequate defences for the mucosal surface. A previously administered dose of this magnitude could therefore be used as an oral adjuvant in preventing enteric infections.
Field emission from microstructured cesiated surfaces (1996)

A comparative analysis of three experiments on field electron emission from microstructured cesiated surfaces is presented. In this context, the term ‘‘cesiated surface’’ implies generally any coverage of cesium on a metallic substrate, while the term ‘‘microstructure’’ includes the intrinsic microstructure of any solid substrate as well as the induced microstructure of the liquid cesium coverage due to electrohydrodynamic effects. These experiments concern a thin-film field-emission microcathode, a single pin-and-tube-type liquid metal electron source, and a large-area microstructured liquid metal electron source. The electron sources are compared by their emission characteristics and the resulting Fowler–Nordheim plots. The existence of both a stable and unstable field-emission mode from microstructured cesiated surfaces had been proven. Whether the first mode is of importance to vacuum microelectronics is a question which needs further investigation; the second mode seems to be of importance for regenerative and indestructible field electron sources with possible applications in pulsed power technology.
47.3: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Recent Progress in Direct Green Lasers for Mobile Image Projectors (2011)

Abstract We report on direct green lasers based on nitride semiconductors that are suitable for mobile projection applications. The TO38 packaged lasers achieved in continuous wave operation at 522nm wavelength more than 80mW optical power. The wall plug efficiency reached 5∼6% depending on operating temperature. The good performance of the lasers was possible due to the low threshold currents in range of 60∼80mA and large slope efficiency ∼0.65W/A. The optical beam properties are also shown.
Chip-First Fan-Out Panel-Level Packaging for Heterogeneous Integration (2018)

The design, materials, process, fabrication, and reliability of a heterogeneous integration of four chips by a fan-out panel-level packaging (FOPLP) method are investigated in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the application of a special assembly process called uni-substrate-integrated package for fabricating the redistribution layers (RDLs) of the FOPLP. The Ajinomoto build-up film is used as the dielectric of the RDLs and is built up by the semiadditive process. The electroless Cu is used to make the seed layer, the laser direct imaging is used for opening the photoresist, and the printed circuit board Cu plating is used for making the conductor wiring of the RDLs. Reliability assessments such as the drop test and thermal cycling test are also performed.
Colloidal Synthesis of Luminescent Rhabdophane LaPO<sub>4</sub>:Ln<sup>3+</sup>·<i>x</i>H<sub>2</sub>O (Ln = Ce, Tb, Eu; <i>x</i> ≈ 0.7) Nanocrystals (2004)

Lanthanide phosphate nanocrystals exhibiting the rhabdophane-type structure and mean particle sizes below 10 nm are synthesized by hydrolysis of an aqueous mixture of sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10) and lanthanide salts. 31P NMR studies show that polyphosphate groups act both as a source of orthophosphate and as complexing agents to, respectively, crystallize and stabilize LnPO4·xH2O (x ≈ 0.7) nanoparticles. In the ternary system (Ln = La, Ce, and Tb), polyphosphate-capped particles form well-dispersed and highly luminescent aqueous colloids which are promising for applications in light-emitting devices.
Dispersion Properties of Optical Polymers (2009)

In this report dispersion properties of different types of optical polymers are discussed on the base of measured refractive indices and the Cauchy-Schott approximation. A number of dispersion curves are presented in the visible and near infrared spectral regions between 400 and 1060 nm. A comparison with some optical glasses with similar refraction is performed. The nonlinear dependence of dn/ d of polymer materials and test glasses on the wavelength is calculated and analyzed. Normalized dispersion curves at 550 nm and 880 nm are presented to illustrate better the dispersion of the polymers in the considered spectral regions, separately. Abbe numbers are calculated to exhibit the mean and partial dispersion.
High-K metal gate contact RRAM (CRRAM) in pure 28nm CMOS logic process (2012)

A new high density Contact RRAM (CRRAM) cell realized in pure high-k metal gate 28nm CMOS logic process with a very small 35nm×35nm resistive contact hole has been fabricated without extra masking or process step. This study reports the first time of a manufacturable tiny resistive node of RRAM cell on a 28nm CMOS logic platform and fully compatible with high-k metal gate processes. The 28nm Contact RRAM cell exhibits a stable operation window with a very small cell size of 0.03μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Due to the scale down and uniform manufacturing process, the cell reliably operates in a low set voltage of 3V and an acceptable reset current of 60μA/cell with short set and reset time of 500ns and 100us. Excellent endurance of more than 1M cycles and stable data retention at high temperature further support the 28nm Contact RRAM will be a promising SOC memory i n the future.
4G\/5G Spectrum Sharing: Efficient 5G Deployment to Serve Enhanced Mobile Broadband and Internet of Things Applications (2018)

The fifth-generation (5G) has been developed for supporting diverse services, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communication (mMTC) and ultrareliable lowlatency communication (URLLC). The latter two constitute Internet of Things (IoT) enablers. The new spectrum released for 5G deployments are primarily above 3 GHz and, unfortunately, has a relatively high path loss, which limits the coverage, especially for the uplink (UL). The high propagation loss, the limited number of UL slots in a time-division duplexing (TDD) frame, and the limited user power gravely restrict the UL coverage, but this is where bandwidth is available. Moreover, the stringent requirements of eMBB and IoT applications lead to grave 5G challenges, e.g., site planning, ensuring seamless coverage, adapting the TDD downlink (DL)/UL slot ratio and the frame structure for maintaining a low bit error rate as well as low latency, and so on. This article addresses some of those challenges with the aid of a unified spectrum-sharing mechanism, and by means of a UL/DL decoupling solution based on fourth-generation (4G)/5G frequency sharing. The key concept relies on accommodating the UL resources in a long-term evolution (LTE) frequency-division duplexing (FDD) frequency band as a supplemental UL (SUL) carrier in addition to the new radio (NR) operation in the TDD band above 3 GHz. With the advent of this concept, the conflicting requirements of high-transmission efficiency, large coverage area, and low latency can be beneficially balanced. We demonstrate that the unified 5G spectrum-exploitation mechanism is capable of seamlessly supporting compelling IoT and eMBB services.
BigDansing (2015)

Data cleansing approaches have usually focused on detecting and fixing errors with little attention to scaling to big datasets. This presents a serious impediment since data cleansing often involves costly computations such as enumerating pairs of tuples, handling inequality joins, and dealing with user-defined functions. In this paper, we present BigDansing, a Big Data Cleansing system to tackle efficiency, scalability, and ease-of-use issues in data cleansing. The system can run on top of most common general purpose data processing platforms, ranging from DBMSs to MapReduce-like frameworks. A user-friendly programming interface allows users to express data quality rules both declaratively and procedurally, with no requirement of being aware of the underlying distributed platform. BigDansing takes these rules into a series of transformations that enable distributed computations and several optimizations, such as shared scans and specialized joins operators. Experimental results on both synthetic and real datasets show that BigDansing outperforms existing baseline systems up to more than two orders of magnitude without sacrificing the quality provided by the repair algorithms.
Adaptive sensing for sparse recovery (2012)

In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in high-dimensional inference problems by exploiting intrinsic low-dimensional structure. Sparsity is perhaps the simplest model for low-dimensional structure. It is based on the assumption that the object of interest can be represented as a linear combination of a small number of elementary functions, which are assumed to belong to a larger collection, or dictionary, of possible functions. Sparse recovery is the problem of determining which components are needed in the representation based on measurements of the object. Most theory and methods for sparse recovery are based on an assumption of non-adaptive measurements. This chapter investigates the advantages of sequential measurement schemes that adaptively focus sensing using information gathered throughout the measurement process. In particular, it is shown that adaptive sensing can be significantly more powerful when the measurements are contaminated with additive noise.
External anatomic landmarks of the abdomen related to vertebral segments: applications in cross-sectional imaging (1978)

UFO! Mono is an open-source unicase typeface based on a happy accident, subsequently aligned with the author&#8217;s affinity for extra terrestrial life. UFO! is the fourth SIL Open Font License typeface released by Primary Foundry and has 96 glyphs with basic Latin characters, lining figures, alternates, punctuation, and symbols. License includes 1 style: Mono, with Desktop (OTF), Web (WOFF), and App (TTF) font formats for Print, Web, App, and Broadcast use. Open Font License allows the font to be used, modified, and redistributed. Typeface designed by Gunnar Harrison.\n
A Two-Channel Relay for Autotuning (1997)

Tuning of feedback controllers for SISO systems often starts from information about the intersection of the Nyquist curve and the negative real axis. In standard autotuning this point is identified by a relay feedback experiment. For many processes, however, it would be advantageous to identify a point on the Nyquist curve somewhere in the third quadrant. The aim of this paper is two-fold. First, a noniterative procedure is suggested for identification of an arbitrarily chosen point in the third quadrant by the use of a two-channel relay. The two-channel relay consists of two relays operating in parallel on the process output and on the integral of the process output, respectively. Secondly, general a priori plant knowledge, often available, is utilized for the choice between PI and PID control and for amplitude-and-phase-margin based controller tuning.
Reverse Transcription-PCR Differential Display Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Global Gene Regulation in Response to Heat Shock (1999)

A reverse transcription (RT)-PCR technique was developed to analyze global gene regulation in Escherichia coli. A novel combination of primers designed specifically for the start and stop regions of E. coli genes (based on the findings of Fislage et al. [R. Fislage, M. Berceanu, Y. Humboldt, M. Wendt, and H. Oberender, Nucleic Acids Res. 25:1830-1835, 1997]) was used as an alternative to the poly(T) primers often used in eukaryotic RT-PCR. The validity of the technique was demonstrated by applying it to heat shock analysis. Specifically, RT-PCR-amplified total RNA from heat-shocked and non-heat-shocked cells were hybridized with slot blots of the Kohara set (U. Kohara, K. Akiyama, and K. Isono, Cell 50:495-508, 1987; S. Chuang, D. Daniels, and F. Blattner, J. Bacteriol. 175:2026-2036, 1993). The signals obtained for heat-shocked and control cultures of each clone were compared, and differences in intensity were evaluated by calculating induction ratios. Clones that were considered significantly induced were subsequently mapped by the Southern blot technique in order to determine specific gene upregulation. Also, for several genes, Northern blotting and total RNA dot blotting were performed to confirm that the transcript levels in the original RNA samples were different. This technique extended previously described methods for studying global gene regulation in E. coli by incorporating a PCR amplification step in which global, mRNA-specific primers were used. In addition, the method employed here can be easily extended to study E. coli global gene regulation in response to additional environmental stimuli.
Joining security realms: a single login for netware and kerberos (1995)

Accommodating disjoint security realms is a challenge for administrators who have to maintain duplicate data sets and for users who need to recall multiple pass phrases, yet joining security realms together can expose one realm to the weaknesses of the other. In this paper, we compare the Kerberos and NetWare security realms, examine methods of