gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treadmill training enhances axon regeneration in injured mouse peripheral nerves without increased loss of topographic specificity (2009)

We investigated the extent of misdirection of regenerating axons when that regeneration was enhanced by using treadmill training. Retrograde fluorescent tracers were applied to the cut proximal stumps of the tibial and common fibular nerves 2 or 4 weeks after transection and surgical repair of the mouse sciatic nerve. The spatial locations of retrogradely labeled motoneurons were studied in untreated control mice and in mice receiving 2 weeks of treadmill training, according to either a continuous protocol (10 m/minute, 1 hour/day, 5 days/week) or an interval protocol (20 m/minute for 2 minutes, followed by a 5-minute rest, repeated four times, 5 days/week). More retrogradely labeled motoneurons were found in both treadmill-trained groups. The magnitude of this increase was as great as or greater than that found after using other enhancement strategies. In both treadmill-trained groups, the proportions of motoneurons labeled from tracer applied to the common fibular nerve that were found in spinal cord locations reserved for tibial motoneurons in intact mice were no greater than in untreated control mice and significantly less than those found after electrical stimulation or chondroitinase treatment. Treadmill training in the first 2 weeks following peripheral nerve injury produces a marked enhancement of motor axon regeneration without increasing the propensity of those axons to choose pathways leading to functionally inappropriate targets.
Global Prospective Epidemiologic and Surveillance Study of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa* (2014)

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia and to describe risk factors for P. aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia. Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting: ICUs at 56 sites in 11 countries across four regions: the United States (n = 502 patients), Europe (n = 495), Latin America (n = 500), and Asia Pacific (n = 376). Patients: Adults intubated and mechanically ventilated for 48 hours to 7 days, inclusive. Interventions: None (local standard of care). Measurements and Main Results: Ventilator-associated pneumonia prevalence as defined by local investigators were 15.6% (293/1,873) globally, 13.5% in the United States, 19.4% in Europe, 13.8% in Latin America, and 16.0% in Asia Pacific (p = 0.04). Corresponding P. aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia prevalences were 4.1%, 3.4%, 4.8%, 4.6%, and 3.2% (p = 0.49). Of 50 patients with P. aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia who underwent surveillance testing, 19 (38%) had prior P. aeruginosa colonization and 31 (62%) did not (odds ratio, 7.99; 95% CI, 4.31–14.71). Of predefined risk factors for multidrug resistance (hereafter, risk factors), the most frequent in all patients were antimicrobial therapy within 90 days (51.9% of enrolled patients) and current hospitalization of more than or equal to 5 days (45.3%). None of these risk factors were significantly associated with P. aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia by multivariate logistic regression. Risk factors associated with prior P. aeruginosa colonization were antimicrobial therapy within 90 days (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29–0.73) and high proportion of antibiotic resistance in the community or hospital unit (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.14–2.82). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ventilator-associated pneumonia remains a common ICU infection and that P. aeruginosa is one of the most common causative pathogens. The odds of developing P. aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia were eight times higher in patients with prior P. aeruginosa colonization than in uncolonized patients, which in turn was associated with local resistance.
Antivaccinia Activities of Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate Derivatives in Epithelial Cells and Organotypic Cultures (2002)

Organotypic "raft" cultures of epithelial cells allow the reconstitution of a skin equivalent that is easily infectible with different viruses with cutaneous tropism. Among these, poxvirus and particularly vaccinia virus (VV) are good candidates for use in antiviral tests, giving histological pictures comparable to those observed in humans infected with smallpox. Therefore, we decided to evaluate a series of phosphonate derivatives for their ability to inhibit VV growth in epithelial cell monolayers, and the most powerful derivatives were tested in the organotypic cultures. The most active compound was 9-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine [(S)-HPMPA], followed by 9-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-2,6-diaminopurine, cyclic (S)-HPMPA, 9-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine [(S)-HPMPC; cidofovir, Vistide], and cyclic (S)-HPMPC. Cidofovir, which is on the market for the treatment of human cytomegalovirus retinitis in immunocompromised patients, is potentially a good candidate for the treatment of a poxvirus outbreak, in the absence of any vaccination.
Miniaturization and characterization of a nano flow sensor for intelligent implants (2012)

Article Miniaturization and characterization of a nano flow sensor for intelligent implants was published on August 30, 2012 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 57, issue SI-1-Track-E).
Nuclear spin physics in quantum dots: An optical investigation (2013)

The mesoscopic spin system formed by the ${10}^{4}--{10}^{6}$ nuclear spins in a semiconductor quantum dot offers a unique setting for the study of many-body spin physics in the condensed matter. The dynamics of this system and its coupling to electron spins is fundamentally different from its bulk counterpart or the case of individual atoms due to increased fluctuations that result from reduced dimensions. In recent years, the interest in studying quantum-dot nuclear spin systems and their coupling to confined electron spins has been further fueled by its importance for possible quantum information processing applications. The fascinating nonlinear (quantum) dynamics of the coupled electron-nuclear spin system is universal in quantum dot optics and transport. In this article, experimental work performed over the last decade in studying this mesoscopic, coupled electron-nuclear spin system is reviewed. Here a special focus is on how optical addressing of electron spins can be exploited to manipulate and read out the quantum-dot nuclei. Particularly exciting recent developments in applying optical techniques to efficiently establish nonzero mean nuclear spin polarizations and using them to reduce intrinsic nuclear spin fluctuations are discussed. Both results critically influence the preservation of electron-spin coherence in quantum dots. This overall recently gained understanding of the quantum-dot nuclear spin system could enable exciting new research avenues such as experimental observations of spontaneous spin ordering or nonclassical behavior of the nuclear spin bath.
Dynamic force/torque measurement using a 12DOF sensor (2007)

This article presents an algorithm for dynamic force/torque measurement and robot load identification using the so called 12DOF sensor to measure forces/torques and linear/angular accelerations. The basic equations of dynamic forces and torques arising during robot motion and acting on the end-effector were worked out. To be able to perform the experiments suitable robot system based on a six axes articulated manipulator was constituted. For this system also the appropriate software was developed. The load parameters of the tool were determined during particular motion sequence of the robot and the values were compared with values from CAD software. The compensation of dynamic forces and torques is verified using the experimental robot system and the results are presented.
Mechanism and Optimization of a Graphene/Silicon Hybrid Diode Terahertz Modulator (2020)

Graphene/silicon hybrid diodes have been proven efficient for broad-band terahertz (THz) modulation with electrical and optical stimuli. However, the optimal protocol to apply optical and electrical stimuli has not been well-determined to obtain the best performance. Here, band theory of the hybrid diode has been used to analyze the underlying modulation mechanism and to help determine the optimal modulation protocol. Monolayer gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were coated on the graphene/silicon hybrid diode to enhance the modulation performance. Both high modulation depth (∼93%) and modulation rate (∼4.6 kHz) were obtained with the AuNP-coated hybrid diode using the proper modulation method. To explore the underlying mechanism for a graphene/silicon hybrid diode THz modulator, this work could throw light on other material systems for THz modulation.
Surface-mediated reactions. 1. Hydrohalogenation of alkenes and alkynes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface-mediated reactions. 1. Hydrohalogenation of alkenes and alkynesPaul J. Kropp, Kimberlee A. Daus, Scott D. Crawford, Mark W. Tubergen, Keith D. Kepler, Stephen L. Craig, and Vincent P. WilsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 20, 7433–7434Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00176a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00176a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1664Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oligo-<i>p</i>-phenylevinylene organic thin-film transistors with chemically modified dielectric surfaces (2004)

In this article, we report on organic thin film transistors based on a modified oligo-p-phenylevinylene oligomer, 1,4-bis[4-(4-octylphenyl)styryl]-benzene (oligo-S) on chemically modified gate dielectrics. Previously, we have reported on oligo-S devices fabricated on unmodified SiO2 surfaces [T. C. Gorjanc, I. Lévesque, C. Py, and M. D’Iorio, Appl. Phys. Lett. (submitted)]. By using either hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) or octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), both the hole mobility and on/off current ratios, Ion/off, have been increased. Maximum mobilities and on/off ratios of 0.14 cm2/V s with Ion/off&gt;106 and 0.26 cm2/V s with Ion/off&gt;107 were achieved with HMDS and OTS modified devices, respectively.
<title>Optical scanning system for a CCD telecine for HDTV</title> (1991)

Motion picture film, as a major source of program material for television, is transferred to the video domain using a telecine. A high performance CCD telecine, operating at real time frame rates, has been developed for high definition television. The optical system for this telecine utilizes a feedback stabilized xenon arc lamp, pre-gate optical and spectral signal balancing, a diffuse illumination system, an apochromatic projection lens, a full resolution CCD luminance sensor, and a half resolution RGB trilinear CCD sensor.
Enhancing the Oncolytic Efficacy of Vaccinia Virus by Mutagenic Augmentation of EEV Production (2012)

Oncolytic viruses are currently under investigation as anti - cancer therapies due to their innate ability to selectively infect and destroy cancer cells. Major barriers to this anti - tumour effect include inefficient viral spread and immune - mediated neutralization. This study aims to overcome these limitations by taking advantage of the life cycle of the oncolytic clinical candidate known as vaccinia virus (VACV). Naturally, a small proportion (<1%) of VACV progeny are released from infected cells with a cell - derived membrane and become known as extra - cellular enveloped virus (EEV). Due to this additional membrane, EEV can be shielded from many anti -viral immune factors , allowing it to travel further and largely avoid host - mediated neutralization. This form of VACV is important for long range virus dissemination as well as sustained infection. Though the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated, it has been demonstrated that EEV release can be influenced by Abl tyrosine kinase (Abl TK) function. Specific point mutations in viral envelope proteins are known to bring about enhanced viral release, resulting in an elevated proportion of produced EEV. In this study, we investigate the effect of EEV enhancing modifications within various oncolytic VACV strains. Our data reveals that this augmentation of EEV production through the A34R L151E mutation within the Copenhagen (Cop) backbone can enhance the oncolytic potential of VACV in vivo through enhanced spread and immunoevasion.
Effect of Gelatin Addition on Properties of Pullulan Films (2012)

The gelatin was added into pullulan films to improve their performances and lower their cost. The gelatin addition raised the tensile strength of the gelatin-pullulan composite films, and reduced the oxygen permeability. The cost of composite films was reduced comparing to that of the pullulan films. Moreover, the molecular interaction of the composite film was evaluated. The interactions of gelatin and pullulan in the composite films were detected, such as (1) formation of 2 glycosylated proteins; (2) improvement of β-sheet content; (3) formation of the interchain hydrogen bond and a semicrystalline region. Therefore, the molecular interaction was the main reason for the performance improvement of the composite films.
Tumor Shedding and Coagulation (1981)

Three syngeneic carcinomas from two species shed plasma membrane vesicles when cultured in vitro or grown in the ascites tumor form in vivo. Shed vesicles carry procoagulant activity that can account for the activation of the clotting system and the fibrin deposition associated with these and many other types of malignancy in animals and man.
Design of integrated MEMs (2002)

Surface micromachining has become an established technology for the integration of miniature sensing and actuation devices such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, displays, or mechanical filters. Standard IC processing and materials leads to low cost and small size, while tight integration with interface electronics, often on the same substrate, yields good performance and high flexibility. The key characteristics of surface micromachining technology are explored based on several examples of sensors, both commercial and at the research stage. Different fabrication approaches are described and the requirements and design challenges for the electronic interface circuitry discussed. The paper closes with an investigation of system issues such as force-feedback control.
Theoretical and Experimental Selection Parameters for HBV-Directed Antisense RNA Are Related to Increased RNA-RNA Annealing (1997)

Annealing kinetics of antisense species against two different target regions of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) were measured by kinetic in vitro selection. Individual association rates were related to energies calculated for local sequence segments and predicted structures of the complete pregenomic target RNA. A relationship between the presence of external loops and joint sequences with fast pairing was observed whereas internal loops did not favor fast RNA-RNA annealing. The findings were used to predict a fast-annealing HBV-directed antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide that turned out to pair with its target RNA at an association rate constant of k=9.2 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1), which is substantially faster than the annealing rates of artificial antisense RNA so far included in in vitro selection assays.
RegTT: Accelerating Tree Traversals on GPUs by Exploiting Regularities (2016)

Tree traversals are widely used irregular applications. Given a tree traversal algorithm, where a single tree is traversed by multiple queries (with truncation), its efficient parallelization on GPUs is hindered by branch divergence, load imbalance and memory-access irregularity, as the nodes and their visitation orders differ greatly under different queries. We leverage a key insight made on several truncation-induced tree traversal regularities to enable as many threads in the same warp as possible to visit the same node simultaneously, thereby enhancing both GPU resource utilization and memory coalescing at the same time. We introduce a new parallelization approach, RegTT, to orchestrate an efficient execution of a tree traversal algorithm on GPUs by starting with BFT (Breadth-First Traversal), then reordering the queries being processed (based on their truncation histories), and finally, switching to DFT (Depth-First Traversal). RegTT is general (without relying on domain-specific knowledge) and automatic (as a source-code transformation). For a set of five representative benchmarks used, RegTT outperforms the state-of-the-art by 1.66x on average.
Cabozantinib Inhibits Growth of Androgen-Sensitive and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Affects Bone Remodeling (2013)

Cabozantinib is an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, including MET and VEGFR2. In a phase II clinical trial in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), cabozantinib treatment improved bone scans in 68% of evaluable patients. Our studies aimed to determine the expression of cabozantinib targets during PCa progression and to evaluate its efficacy in hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant PCa in preclinical models while delineating its effects on tumor and bone. Using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarrays containing normal prostate, primary PCa, and soft tissue and bone metastases, our data show that levels of MET, P-MET, and VEGFR2 are increasing during PCa progression. Our data also show that the expression of cabozantinib targets are particularly pronounced in bone metastases. To evaluate cabozantinib efficacy on PCa growth in the bone environment and in soft tissues we used androgen-sensitive LuCaP 23.1 and castration-resistant C4-2B PCa tumors. In vivo, cabozantinib inhibited the growth of PCa in bone as well as growth of subcutaneous tumors. Furthermore, cabozantinib treatment attenuated the bone response to the tumor and resulted in increased normal bone volume. In summary, the expression pattern of cabozantinib targets in primary and castration-resistant metastatic PCa, and its efficacy in two different models of PCa suggest that this agent has a strong potential for the effective treatment of PCa at different stages of the disease.
Use of DNA reassociation in bacterial classification (1988)

The reassociation properties of DNA provide invaluable taxonomic tools. Different methods may give different reassociation values. However, the thermal stability of reassociated DNA strands (a measurement that seems independent of method) is useful in delineating genomic species. Although many phenotypically defined species have been confirmed by DNA reassociation, some medically important genomic species previously had been split into several nomenspecies on the basis of a few characteristics whereas some environmental genomic species had been lumped into unidentifiable aggregates. It might take some time before the nomenclature can be adapted to new taxonomic findings.
Influence of PCR parameters on amplifications of HIV-1 DNA: establishment of limiting sensitivity. (1991)

We have investigated the optimal reaction conditions and the limiting sensitivity for detection of HIV-1 DNA by PCR. The amplification systems studied were gag (SK38/SK39); pol (P3/P4); and two other systems described here for the first time, LTR (LTR1/LTR2) and nef (Nef1/Nef2), which amplify fragments of 115 bp, 308 bp, 632 bp and 643 bp, respectively. Two PCR profiles were assayed, and the requirements for deoxynucleoside triphosphate and MgCl2 concentrations for each amplification reaction were determined. Optimal reaction conditions were oriented toward selecting maximal amplification of the expected size fragment. Limiting sensitivity was estimated by testing the decreasing copy number of a plasmid containing HIV-1 genome and obtaining a positive amplification signal with at least 5, 5, 10 and 5 copies for LTR, gag, pol and nef, respectively. We conclude that the establishment of the detection sensitivity on a PCR is an important parameter to be considered for the interpretation of results on HIV-1 infection.
ESR/DFT study of bis‐iminophosphorane cation radicals (2007)

Bis-iminophosphoranes containing various types of linkers between two R3P==N moieties were electrochemically oxidized at controlled potential in situ in the electron spin resonance (ESR) cavity. For linkers constituted of phenylenes, conjugated phenylenes or merely a dicyanoethylenic bond, this oxidation led to well-resolved ESR spectra which were characterized by their g values and by their 1H, 14N and 31P isotropic hyperfine constants. These coupling constants agree with those calculated by DFT for the corresponding cation radicals. Experimental and theoretical results clearly indicate that in these species the unpaired electron is mostly delocalized on the bridge and on the nitrogen atoms while the spin density on the phosphorus atoms is particularly small. Cyclic voltammetry and ESR spectra show that the nature of the bridge between the two iminophosphoranes considerably influences the oxidation potential of the compound as well as the stability of the radical cation. Information about the conformation of the precursor containing two Ph3P==N moieties separated by a --C(CN)==C(CN)--group was obtained from its crystal structure.