gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Representation and analysis of electrical circuits in a deductive system (1983)

We have developed representations and analysis methods for electrical circuits in a deductive system called DUCK. Circuitsare represented as conjunctions of logical predicates. Circuit analysis is done as an iteration of proofs which determine the basic structures in the circuit. Electrical constraints for the circuit are produced from the results of the proofs. The constraints are then solved using propagation methods.
Dynamical Stability Conditions for Recurrent Neural Networks with Unsaturating Piecewise Linear Transfer Functions (2001)

We establish two conditions that ensure the nondivergence of additive recurrent networks with unsaturating piecewise linear transfer functions, also called linear threshold or semilinear transfer functions. As Hahnloser, Sarpeshkar, Mahowald, Douglas, and Seung (2000) showed, networks of this type can be efficiently built in silicon and exhibit the coexistence of digital selection and analog amplification in a single circuit. To obtain this behavior, the network must be multistable and nondivergent, and our conditions allow determining the regimes where this can be achieved with maximal recurrent amplification. The first condition can be applied to nonsymmetric networks and has a simple interpretation of requiring that the strength of local inhibition match the sum over excitatory weights converging onto a neuron. The second condition is restricted to symmetric networks, but can also take into account the stabilizing effect of nonlocal inhibitory interactions. We demonstrate the application of the conditions on a simple example and the orientation-selectivity model of Ben-Yishai, Lev Bar-Or, and Sompolinsky (1995). We show that the conditions can be used to identify in their model regions of maximal orientation-selective amplification and symmetry breaking.
Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile of <b> <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> </b> isolates from cultured fish, Telapia ( <b> <i>Telapia mossambica</i> </b> ) (1997)

Strains of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from skin lesions of the common freshwater fish, Telapia mossambica, were screened for the presence of plasmid DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis and tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents. Of the 21 fish isolates examined, all were resistant to ampicillin and sensitive to gentamycin. Most isolates were resistant to streptomycin (57%), tetracycline (48%) and erythromycin (43%). While seven of 21 isolates harboured plasmids, with sizes ranging from 3 to 63.4 kilobase pair (kb), it was only possible to associate the presence of a plasmid with antibiotic resistance (ampicillin and tetracycline) in strain AH11. Both the plasmid and the associated antimicrobial resistance could be transferred to an Escherichia coli recipient by single-step conjugation at a frequency of 4.3 x 10(-3) transconjugants per donor cell.
Broadband microwave fiber-optic links with RF phase control for phased-array antennas (1993)

The authors report the use of injection-locked self-pulsing laser diodes as optical transmitters in RF fiber-optic links, in which the RF phase of the transmitted signal can be continuously adjusted by simply varying the bias current into the laser. These devices are intended for use in optically-controlled phased-array antenna systems or in optical networks for the remote synchronization of antenna stations. It is demonstrated that by using a commercial, low-cost, compact-disk self-pulsing laser diode, phase shifting over a range of 180 degrees is possible over a broad operational frequency band of 1-7 GHz, with a switching time of <5 ns and a phase resolution of <1 degrees . This phase shifter/optical link can also exhibit inherent electrical gain of up to 10 dB and an RF isolation of >80 dB with proper impedance matching of the laser and photodetector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Kinetics of thiamine transport across the blood‐brain barrier in the rat. (1982)

1. By measurement of the rate of disappearance of injected tracer thiamine from the bloodstream, a programme for the continuous injection of thiamine at a variable rate has been devized by which a steady raised level can be achieved rapidly and maintained in the circulation. By this means the flux of radioactive thiamine across the blood-brain barrier has been measured. 2. In separate experiments progressively higher levels of thiamine were maintained in the bloodstream. Evidence was obtained that the transport of thiamine across the blood-brain barrier is a carrier-mediated process which can be saturated by raised levels of thiamine. 3. The saturation of the transport process was incomplete: kinetic analysis showed that there was a non-saturable component of the transport which was probably due to passive diffusion. 4. The contribution of the non-saturable component was normally small and is probably insufficient to meet the needs of the brain for the vitamin unless the concentration of the vitamin in the blood is raised considerably above normal. 5. This two-component transport process had substantially similar kinetic parameters in different regions of the brain.
Cryopreservation of Cell/Scaffold Tissue-Engineered Constructs (2012)

The aim of this work was to study the effect of cryopreservation over the functionality of tissue-engineered constructs, analyzing the survival and viability of cells seeded, cultured, and cryopreserved onto 3D scaffolds. Further, it also evaluated the effect of cryopreservation over the properties of the scaffold material itself since these are critical for the engineering of most tissues and in particular, tissues such as bone. For this purpose, porous scaffolds, namely fiber meshes based on a starch and poly(caprolactone) blend were seeded with goat bone marrow stem cells (GBMSCs) and cryopreserved for 7 days. Discs of the same material seeded with GBMSCs were also used as controls. After this period, these samples were analyzed and compared to samples collected before the cryopreservation process. The obtained results demonstrate that it is possible to maintain cell viability and scaffolds properties upon cryopreservation of tissue-engineered constructs based on starch scaffolds and goat bone marrow mesenchymal cells using standard cryopreservation methods. In addition, the outcomes of this study suggest that the greater porosity and interconnectivity of scaffolds favor the retention of cellular content and cellular viability during cryopreservation processes, when compared with nonporous discs. These findings indicate that it might be possible to prepare off-the-shelf engineered tissue substitutes and preserve them to be immediately available upon request for patients' needs.
Natural Evolution Strategies (2008)

This paper presents natural evolution strategies (NES), a novel algorithm for performing real-valued dasiablack boxpsila function optimization: optimizing an unknown objective function where algorithm-selected function measurements constitute the only information accessible to the method. Natural evolution strategies search the fitness landscape using a multivariate normal distribution with a self-adapting mutation matrix to generate correlated mutations in promising regions. NES shares this property with covariance matrix adaption (CMA), an evolution strategy (ES) which has been shown to perform well on a variety of high-precision optimization tasks. The natural evolution strategies algorithm, however, is simpler, less ad-hoc and more principled. Self-adaptation of the mutation matrix is derived using a Monte Carlo estimate of the natural gradient towards better expected fitness. By following the natural gradient instead of the dasiavanillapsila gradient, we can ensure efficient update steps while preventing early convergence due to overly greedy updates, resulting in reduced sensitivity to local suboptima. We show NES has competitive performance with CMA on unimodal tasks, while outperforming it on several multimodal tasks that are rich in deceptive local optima.
Measurements and correlation of two-phase pressure drop under microgravity conditions (1991)

Experimental data of two-phase pressure drop obtained in normal gravity and in nearly zero-gravity aboard a NASA-JSC KC-135 aircraft has been used to test the accuracy of a number of empirically based correlations and flow-regime dependent models. For the reduced-gravity data, the algorithms tested were: Lockhart and Martinelli, Troniewski and Ulbrich, Friedel, Chisholm B., Beattie and Whalley, an annular flow model using the Premoli void fraction correlation, and an annular flow model with an interfacial friction factor which was developed from the KC-135 reduced-gravity data. For the ground test results, the two annular models were replaced by stratified flow models, i.e., the Taitel-Dukler and Chisholm models. Based oh this study, it was concluded that the pressure drops in reduced gravity and those of normal gravity are related to flow pattern models for each. The pressure drop predictions of the two annular flow models developed herein agreed well with the reduced-gravity data which were found to be significantly larger (by a factor of two or more) than the 1-G test data. The stratified models of Taitel-Dukler and Chisholm correlated best with the ground test data. For making predictions of two-phase pressure drop under microgravity conditions, flow-regime prediction and flow-regime dependent models appear essential.
Particle Fluidization with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide:  Experiments and Theory (2006)

Glass and Amberlite particles ranging in size from 0.18 to 1.0 mm were fluidized by supercritical CO2. For a given material in a narrow size range, the volume of the random packing increases exponentially with CO2 mass flow rate. In the supercritical region investigated (35−55 °C, 83−124 bar), the bed expansion has relatively weak temperature and pressure dependences due to the counteracting effects of the density and viscosity variations of supercritical CO2. Consistent with conventional particle fluidization correlations, the minimum fluidization velocity (umf) values obtained experimentally depend only on the packing material, size, and fluidization conditions (pressure and temperature). A plot (log u vs log ε) of the Richardson−Zaki correlation is nearly linear with the value of the exponent (∼2.6) being in the range of values reported for spherical particles. The umf values and terminal velocity (ut) predicted with conventional correlations bracket those obtained from experiments, confirming that such correlations may be used for designing CO2-based fluidization processes.
Autonomous bacterial localization and gene expression based on nearby cell receptor density (2013)

Escherichia coli were genetically modified to enable programmed motility, sensing, and actuation based on the density of features on nearby surfaces. Then, based on calculated feature density, these cells expressed marker proteins to indicate phenotypic response. Specifically, site-specific synthesis of bacterial quorum sensing autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is used to initiate and recruit motile cells. In our model system, we rewired E. coli's AI-2 signaling pathway to direct bacteria to a squamous cancer cell line of head and neck (SCCHN), where they initiate synthesis of a reporter (drug surrogate) based on a threshold density of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This represents a new type of controller for targeted drug delivery as actuation (synthesis and delivery) depends on a receptor density marking the diseased cell. The ability to survey local surfaces and initiate gene expression based on feature density represents a new area-based switch in synthetic biology that will find use beyond the proposed cancer model here.
Pneumoviruses infect eosinophils and elicit MyD88-dependent release of chemoattractant cytokines and interleukin-6 (2009)

Eosinophils are recruited to the lung in response to infection with pneumovirus pathogens and have been associated with both the pathophysiologic sequelae of infection and, more recently, with accelerated virus clearance. Here, we demonstrate that the pneumovirus pathogens, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), can infect human and mouse eosinophils, respectively, and that virus infection of eosinophils elicits the release of disease-related proinflammatory mediators from eosinophils. RSV replication in human eosinophils results in the release of infectious virions and in the release of the proinflammatory mediator, interleukin-6 (IL-6). PVM replication in cultured bone marrow eosinophils (bmEos) likewise results in release of infectious virions and the proinflammatory mediators IL-6, IP-10, CCL2, and CCL3. In contrast to the findings reported in lung tissue of RSV-challenged mice, PVM replication is accelerated in MyD88 gene-deleted bmEos, whereas release of cytokines is diminished. Interestingly, exogenous IL-6 suppresses virus replication in MyD88 gene-deleted bmEos, suggesting a role for a MyD88-dependent cytokine-mediated feedback circuit in modulating this response. Taken together, our findings suggest that eosinophils are targets of virus infection and may have varied and complex contributions to the pathogenesis and resolution of pneumovirus disease.
RoboMote: Mobile autonomous hardware platform for Wireless Ad-hoc Sensor Networks (2011)

This paper presents an idea and a construction details of the tiny sensor-based robot-vehicle as a mobile hardware platform for Wireless Ad-hoc Sensor Networks (WSN). The main scope of the research was design and implementation of the mobile platform, allowing the WSN nodes to autonomously change its location in active way. The designed platform had been integrated with sensor node and provided with a mechanisms allowing for remote control node's position. However we assume the lack of such control in the future. Our goal is to construct a small unit, called RoboMote, equipped with sensors that will move around and communicate in response to environmental changes. The prototype research process considers hardware and software issues including project and implementation phase. The constructed prototype spreads possibilities for developing, implementing and benchmarking solutions dedicated for ad-hoc mobile wireless sensor networks. The article presents the results of the first stage of the research.
Esterification (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEsterificationSaul Berman, Hrant Isbenjian, Arthur Sedoff, and Donald F. OthmerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 11, 2139–2148Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50467a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50467a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
What are the half-lives of ranibizumab and aflibercept (VEGF Trap-eye) in human eyes? Calculations with a mathematical model (2011)

The aim of the article is to estimate the intravitreal half-lives of ranibizumab and aflibercept (VEGF Trap-eye; VTE) in human eyes. Using a published mathematical model for rabbits, the intravitreal half-lives of ranibizumab and bevacizumab were calculated and compared to empirical data. The slope coefficient within the model was changed to set the bevacizumab output equal to experimental values to meet 3 goals: firstly, to validate the model in rabbit eyes; secondly, to test the mutability of the model to monkey eyes; thirdly, to calculate the half-lives of ranibizumab and the VTE in human eyes. The half-life calculations for ranibizumab deviate from published rabbit and monkey values by only 8.3% and 4.2%. Using the experimentally determined half-life of bevacizumab in human eyes (8.25 days) to set the equation, the half-lives of ranibizumab and the VTE are calculated to be 4.75 days and 7.13 days in human eyes. The intraocular half-lives of ranibizumab and the VTE are estimated using existing published animal and human data and a mathematical model. The validity of these half-lives and binding activities, however, awaits clinical correlation.
Dihydroergot Analogs. 1-(3-Indolylmethyl)-piperidinecarboxamides<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDihydroergot Analogs. 1-(3-Indolylmethyl)-piperidinecarboxamides1Ansel P. Swain and Sara K. NaegeleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 19, 5250–5253Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01576a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01576a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Expedient Synthesis of Regioisomeric Pyrazole-Fused Cycloalkanones (2008)

Described herein is a novel one-pot procedure for the synthesis of pyrazoles through the in situ generation of a monohydrazone of cyclic 1,3-diones and subsequent cyclization with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal. This route provides pyrazoles that have limited accessibility by other methods.
Large Protein Fragments as Substrates for Endocytic Antigen Capture by MHC Class II Molecules (1998)

Although the binding sites of MHC class II molecules can accommodate longer ligands, peptides of 15 to 20 residues are the primary form of processed Ag recovered from class II dimers isolated from living cells. These peptides are derived from intact Ags by proteolysis in endocytic organelles, where binding to class II dimers also occurs. Whether generation of these short peptides typically precedes association with class II molecules, or whether class II molecules initially bind to unfolded proteins or large protein fragments, followed by degradation of the unprotected regions, remains unknown. Here we report the identification of an SDS-stable, long-lived, 120-kDa complex composed of two class II dimers bound to a common large Ag fragment. This complex is produced within the endocytic pathway from newly synthesized MHC class II molecules following exposure of the cells to exogenous hen egg lysozyme. These data suggest that a major pathway of Ag processing involves the initial binding of class II heterodimers to large protein substrates upon exposure of regions with suitable motifs, followed by cleavage and/or trimming of the exposed protein around this bound region. This sequence of events during Ag processing may provide a partial molecular explanation for the immunodominance of certain determinants in protein Ags.
Two subsets of rat T lymphocytes defined with monoclonal antibodies (1980)

A new monoclonal mouse antibody that recognizes a subset of rat peripheral T cells has been prepared by immunizing mice with rat thymocyte glycoprotein. This antibody, designated MRC OX 8, labels all peripheral T cells that are unlabeled by the previously described W3/25 monoclonal antibody. No peripheral T cells were found that bound both antibodies, but, in contrast, 90% of thymocytes were doubly labeled. Thoracic duct lymphocytes of congenitally athymic nude rats were not labeled by either antibody, but the spleens of such animals contained both W3/25+ cells and MRC OX 8+ cells. These splenocyte subpopulations did not overlap. Using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter to isolate cells binding MRC OX 8 antibody, the phenotype of T cells mediating various T cell functions was established. Combining the present results with those published previously, it is shown that the cells providing help for antibody responses and those mediating graft-vs.-host reactions are phenotypically W3/25+ MRC OX 8-. On the other hand, parental T cells that suppress antibody formation in F1 hosts were identified as W3/25- MRC OX 8+. The relationship between the rat T cell subsets defined by these antibodies and those in the mouse identified by the Ly series of alloantibodies is discussed and a comparison made between teh rat W3/25+ subset and a recently identified human T cell subset.
New Elements in the C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Signaling Pathway Inhibiting Swine In Vitro Oocyte Meiotic Resumption1 (2014)

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and its cognate receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR) B, have been shown to promote cGMP production in granulosa/cumulus cells. Once transferred to the oocyte through the gap junctions, the cGMP inhibits oocyte meiotic resumption. CNP has been shown to bind another natriuretic receptor, NPR-C. NPR-C is known to interact with and degrade bound CNP, and has been reported to possess signaling functions. Therefore, NPR-C could participate in the control of oocyte maturation during swine in vitro maturation (IVM). Here, we examine the effect of CNP signaling on meiotic resumption, the amount of cGMP and gap junctional communication (GJC) regulation during swine IVM. The results show an inhibitory effect of CNP in inhibiting oocyte meiotic resumption in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated IVM. We also found that an NPR-C-specific agonist (cANP[4–23]) is likely to play a role in maintaining meiotic arrest during porcine IVM when in the presence of a suboptimal dose of CNP. Moreover, we show that, even if CNP can increase intracellular concentration of cGMP in cumulus-oocyte complexes, cANP(4–23) had no impact on cGMP concentration, suggesting a potential cGMP-independent signaling pathway related to NPR-C activation. These data support a potential involvement of cANP(4–23) through NPR-C in inhibiting oocyte meiotic resumption while in the presence of a suboptimal dose of CNP. The regulation of GJC was not altered by CNP, cANP(4–23), or the combination of CNP and cANP(4–23), supporting their potential contribution in sending signals to the oocytes. These findings offer promising insights in to new elements of the signaling pathways that may be involved in inhibiting resumption of meiosis during FSH-stimulated swine IVM.