gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double-stranded RNA Is Internalized by Scavenger Receptor-mediated Endocytosis in Drosophila S2 Cells (2006)

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) fragments are readily internalized and processed by Drosophila S2 cells, making these cells a widely used tool for the analysis of gene function by gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi). The underlying mechanisms are insufficiently understood. To identify components of the RNAi pathway in S2 cells, we developed a screen based on rescue from RNAi-induced lethality. We identified Argonaute 2, a core component of the RNAi machinery, and three gene products previously unknown to be involved in RNAi in Drosophila: DEAD-box RNA helicase Belle, 26 S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 (Pros45), and clathrin heavy chain, a component of the endocytic machinery. Blocking endocytosis in S2 cells impaired RNAi, suggesting that dsRNA fragments are internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Indeed, using a candidate gene approach, we identified two Drosophila scavenger receptors, SR-CI and Eater, which together accounted for more than 90% of the dsRNA uptake into S2 cells. When expressed in mammalian cells, SR-CI was sufficient to mediate internalization of dsRNA fragments. Our data provide insight into the mechanism of dsRNA internalization by Drosophila cells. These results have implications for dsRNA delivery into mammalian cells.
Electrical Conductivity Measurements of Molten Alkaline‐Earth Fluorides (1992)

The electrical conductivities of molten , , , , and were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A new conductance cell was designed and constructed for the purpose of determining the electrical properties of highly conductive and very corrosive melts at temperatures as high as 1600°C. The cell is comprised of twin capillaries of pyrolytic boron nitride, long, two movable tungsten electrodes, and a molybdenum crucible. The ranking by specific electrical conductivity, κ, was and by molar electrical conductivity,, was . was found to vary with the logarithm of the charge density of the metal cation over the entire series of alkaline‐earth fluorides. With the exception of , was found to vary with, where is the molar volume and is the coulombic energy between nearest neighbor ions in the melt.
Role of pH on antioxidants production by Spirulina ( Arthrospira ) platensis (2016)

Algae can tolerate a broad range of growing conditions but extreme conditions may lead to the generation of highly dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may cause the deterioration of cell metabolism and damage cellular components. The antioxidants produced by algae alleviate the harmful effects of ROS. While the enhancement of antioxidant production in blue green algae under stress has been reported, the antioxidant response to changes in pH levels requires further investigation. This study presents the effect of pH changes on the antioxidant activity and productivity of the blue green alga Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis. The algal dry weight (DW) was greatly enhanced at pH 9.0. The highest content of chlorophyll a and carotenoids (10.6 and 2.4mg/g DW, respectively) was recorded at pH 8.5. The highest phenolic content (12.1mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW) was recorded at pH 9.5. The maximum production of total phycobiliprotein (159mg/g DW) was obtained at pH 9.0. The antioxidant activities of radical scavenging activity, reducing power and chelating activity were highest at pH 9.0 with an increase of 567, 250 and 206% compared to the positive control, respectively. Variation in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) was also reported. While the high alkaline pH may favor the overproduction of antioxidants, normal cell metabolism and membrane function is unaffected, as shown by growth and chlorophyll content, which suggests that these conditions are suitable for further studies on the harvest of antioxidants from S. platensis.
Quantitative characterization of porosity and determination of elastic modulus for sintered micro-silver joints (2015)

High resolution serial block-face scanning electron microscopy has been performed on sintered micro-silver pastes that are used as lead replacement joints for die bonding. The size and spatial distributions of the porosity before and after ageing were determined by quantification of the segmented 3D images. The elastic modulus was determined by an image-based finite element model and validated by results obtained from a dynamical resonance method. In agreement with contemporary analytical models on the elastic behaviour of porous materials, the elastic modulus was found to be a function of pore fraction only. Ageing the specimens does not alter the density or Young's modulus.
[Advance in the study of PPR gene family]. (2006)

PPR (pentatricopeptide repeats) gene family, one of the largest gene families discovered in plants, is characterized by tandem arrays of pentatricopeptide repeats, which play essential roles in mitochondria or chloroplasts, probably via binding to organellar transcripts. In this review, we summarized the current status in the study of PPR family, including the structure character of PPR gene, the distribution in the chromosome arms and other genomes, as well as the biological function of PPR gene.
The Psychology of Skill and its Application to Language Learning (I) (1949)

Journal Article The Psychology of Skill and its Application to Language Learning (I) Get access S. H. Hopper S. H. Hopper Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ELT Journal, Volume IV, Issue 1, October 1949, Pages 11–17, https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/IV.1.11 Published: 01 October 1949
Preparation of <i>Ex Vivo</i> –Based Biomaterials Using Convective Flow Decellularization (2009)

With advantageous biomechanical properties, materials derived from ex vivo tissues are being actively investigated as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. However, decellularization treatments are required before implantation to reduce the materials immune impact. The aim of these investigations was to assess a convective flow model as an enhanced methodology to decellularize ex vivo tissue. Isolated human umbilical veins were decellularized using two methods: rotary agitation at 100rpm on orbital shaker plates, and convective flow run at 5, 50, and 150mmHg within perfusion bioreactors. Extracted phospholipids and total soluble protein were assessed over time. Histology, SEM, and uniaxial tensile testing analysis were carried out to evaluate variation in the tissues. After 72h, samples exposed to traditional rotary agitation showed retention of whole cells and cellular components, whereas pressure-based systems showed no visual sign of cells. The convective flow method was significantly more effective at removing phospholipid and total protein than the agitation model. High transmembrane pressure (150mmHg) resulted in higher phospholipids extraction. However, a more efficient protein extraction occurred at 50mmHg. Variation in extraction rates was dependent on tissue permeability, which varied as pressure increased. Collectively, these findings show significant improvements in decellularization efficiency that may lead to more immune compliant ex vivo-derived biomaterials.
Biochemistry of Mobile Zinc and Nitric Oxide Revealed by Fluorescent Sensors (2011)

Biological mobile zinc and nitric oxide (NO) are two prominent examples of inorganic compounds involved in numerous signaling pathways in living systems. In the past decade, a synergy of regulation, signaling, and translocation of these two species has emerged in several areas of human physiology, providing additional incentive for developing adequate detection systems for Zn(II) ions and NO in biological specimens. Fluorescent probes for both of these bioinorganic analytes provide excellent tools for their detection, with high spatial and temporal resolution. We review the most widely used fluorescent sensors for biological zinc and nitric oxide, together with promising new developments and unmet needs of contemporary Zn(II) and NO biological imaging. The interplay between zinc and nitric oxide in the nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems is highlighted to illustrate the contributions of selective fluorescent probes to the study of these two important bioinorganic analytes.
Context-aware web search abandonment prediction (2014)

Web search queries without hyperlink clicks are often referred to as abandoned queries. Understanding the reasons for abandonment is crucial for search engines in evaluating their performance. Abandonment can be categorized as good or bad depending on whether user information needs are satisfied by result page content. Previous research has sought to understand abandonment rationales via user surveys, or has developed models to predict those rationales using behavioral patterns. However, these models ignore important contextual factors such as the relationship between the abandoned query and prior abandonment instances. We propose more advanced methods for modeling and predicting abandonment rationales using contextual information from user search sessions by analyzing search engine logs, and discover dependencies between abandoned queries and user behaviors. We leverage these dependency signals to build a sequential classifier using a structured learning framework designed to handle such signals. Our experimental results show that our approach is 22% more accurate than the state-of-the-art abandonment-rationale classifier. Going beyond prediction, we leverage the prediction results to significantly improve relevance using instances of predicted good and bad abandonment.
Vehicle Stability Control Strategy Based on Active Torque Distribution and Differential Braking (2009)

The paper presents a vehicle yaw stability control strategy devoted to prevent vehicles from spinning and drifting out. The yaw stability control system is integrated with active torque distribution and differential braking system. Active torque distribution systems utilize active differentials to independently control the drive torque distributed to each drive wheel and thus provide active control of both traction and yaw moment. However, if the coefficient of road friction were small or if the vehicle speed were too high, active torque distribution system may not afford adequate yaw moment to response the driver needs. With this improved integrated control system, the vehicle can afford nice manoeuvrability and stability.
Caspases as treatment targets in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases (1999)

Apoptosis is one of the most exciting and intensely investigated areas of biology and medicine today. Cysteine proteases called caspases serve as the executioners of apoptosis, a form of cell suicide. Hypoxic/ischemic cell death proceeds in part, by apoptosis, particularly within the periinfarct zone or ischemic penumbra. During ischemia, activated caspases dismantle the cell by cleaving multiple substrates including cytoskeletal proteins and enzymes essential for cell repair. Strategies that inhibit caspase activity block cell death in experimental models of mild ischemia, and preserve neurological function. The therapeutic window for caspase inhibition is substantially longer than for glutamate receptor antagonists, and treatment combinations with both classes of drugs decrease ischemic injury and expand the treatment window synergistically. Hence, the caspases are now recognized as novel therapeutic targets for central nervous system diseases in which cell death is prominent. This article will review the evidence and the potential importance of caspase inhibition to cerebral ischemia and briefly summarize an emerging body of data implicating caspases in cell death accompanying neurodegenerative disorders.
Visión actual de la Unión Europea (2004)

SA guided by IVUS can reduce the risk of complications, assess the results of surgery, inform the selection of stent size, and decrease the required dose of radiation and contrast.
Platinum Thin‐Film Electrodes Prepared by a Cost‐Effective Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique (2016)

Thin‐film growth of metallic platinum by aerosol‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (AA‐CVD) is an attractive alternative to the application of vacuum‐based methods. This versatile and scalable technique allows gas phase deposition of thin‐films from nebulized precursor solutions in a simple, open setup at moderate temperatures between 400 and 600°C. We discuss the film growth mechanisms on silicon and zirconia substrates in terms of microstructure, surface coverage, sheet resistance, and thermal stability. Furthermore, the positive influence of Pt thin‐films deposited by AA‐CVD on the area specific resistance (ASR) of symmetric Pt/YSZ/Pt cells in air is presented.
Image Segmentation Using Human Visual System Properties With Applications In Image Compression (1989)

Many image compression techniques involve segmentation of a gray level image. With such techniques, information is extracted that describes the regions in the segmented image, and this information is then used to form a coded version of the image. In this paper we present a region-growing-based segmentation technique that incorporates human visual system properties, and describe the use of this technique in image compression. We also discuss the effect of requantizing a segmented image. Requantization of a segmented image is useful because it can lead to a reduction in the number of bits required to code the description of the regions in the segmented image. This results in a lower data rate. We show that the number of gray levels in a segmented image can be reduced by a factor of at least twelve, without noticeable degradation in the quality of the segmented image. This result is attributable to human visual system properties having to do with contrast sensitivity, and to the fact that requantization of a segmented image does not usually reduce significantly the number of distinct segments in the image. In addition, in this paper we explore the relationship between the number of segments in an image, and the extent of requantization possible before noticeable degradation occurs in the image. Finally, we discuss the impact of the above results on image compression algorithms, and present some experimental results.
Low‑dose trametinib and Bcl‑xL antagonist have a specific antitumor effect in KRAS‑mutated colorectal cancer cells (2020)

KRAS‑mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly malignant cancer with a poor prognosis, however specific therapies targeting KRAS mutations do not yet exist. Anti‑epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agents, including cetuximab and panitumumab, are effective for the treatment of certain patients with CRC. However, these anti‑EGFR treatments have no effect on KRAS‑mutant CRC. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies targeting KRAS‑mutant CRC are urgently needed. To clarify the direct effect of KRAS gene mutations, the present study transduced mutant forms of the KRAS gene (G12D, G12V and G13D) into CACO‑2 cells. A drug‑screening system (Mix Culture assay) was then applied, revealing that the cells were most sensitive to the MEK inhibitor trametinib among tested drugs, Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Regorafenib, Vemurafenib, BEZ‑235 and Palbociclib. Trametinib suppressed phosphorylated ERK (p‑ERK) expression and inhibited the proliferation of KRAS‑mutant CACO‑2 cells. However, low‑dose treatment with trametinib also increased the expression of the anti‑apoptotic protein Bcl‑xL in a dose‑dependent manner, leading to drug resistance. To overcome the resistance of KRAS‑mutant CRC to apoptosis, the combination of trametinib and the Bcl‑xL antagonist ABT263 was assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Compared with the effects of low‑dose trametinib monotherapy, combination treatment with ABT263 had a synergistic effect on apoptosis in mutant KRAS transductants in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo combination therapy using low‑dose trametinib and ABT263 against a KRAS‑mutant (G12V) xenograft synergistically suppressed growth, with an increase in apoptosis compared with the effects of trametinib monotherapy. These data suggest that a low dose of trametinib (10 nM), rather than the usual dose of 100 nM, in combination with ABT263 can overcome the resistance to apoptosis induced by Bcl‑xL expression, which occurs concurrently with p‑ERK suppression in KRAS‑mutant cells. This strategy may represent a promising new approach for treating KRAS‑mutant CRC.
Polymer Nanofiber‐Embedded Microchips for Detection, Isolation, and Molecular Analysis of Single Circulating Melanoma Cells (2013)

Confined to one cell: A method to detect and isolate single circulating melanoma cells (CMCs; see figure) has been produced by integrating a polymer-nanofiber-embedded nanovelcro cell-affinity assay with a laser microdissection (LMD) technique. This method is able to separate CMCs from normal white blood cells (WBCs) and sequence individual cells for a specific mutation related to cancer progression, allowing for more personalized cancer therapy. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Thermophilic carbon-sulfur-bond-targeted biodesulfurization (1997)

Petroleum contains many heterocyclic organosulfur compounds refractory to conventional hydrodesulfurization carried out with chemical catalysts. Among these, dibenzothiophene (DBT) and DBTs bearing alkyl substitutions are representative compounds. Two bacterial strains, which have been identified as Paenibacillus strains and which are capable of efficiently cleaving carbon-sulfur (C--S) bonds in DBT at high temperatures, have been isolated for the first time. Upon attacking DBT and its various methylated derivatives at temperatures up to 60(deg)C, both growing and resting cells of these bacteria can release sulfur atoms as sulfate ions and leave the monohydroxylated hydrocarbon moieties intact. Moreover, when either of these paenibacilli was incubated at 50(deg)C with light gas oil previously processed through hydrodesulfurization, the total sulfur content in the oil phase clearly decreased.
Time domain algorithms and architectures for Reed-Solomon decoding (1993)

Reed-Solomon decoders can be designed using time or frequency domain algorithms. The main advantage of the time domain method is its regular computational structure, an attractive feature for a flexible VLSI implementation. The main disadvantage of this is the relatively high computation count, hence it is important to find means of reducing the computational complexity of the time domain method. Several modifications to the time domain Reed-Solomon decoding algorithm are described for reducing its computational complexity by about 60%, as well as regular VLSI architectures for implementing the time domain algorithm. The paper concludes with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the time domain decoding technique.
Synthesis of Substituted (±)-3,4-Dihydrocoumarins Using H-Y Zeolite (2000)

Abstract Synthesis of substituted (±)-3,4 Dihydrocoumarins were prepared with the reaction between substituted cinnamic acid and phenol catalysed by ecofriendly solid-acid catalyst H-Y zeolite involving esterification followed by ring closure.
Genetic predisposition to genomic instability in cancer. (1998)

Ataxia telangiectasia and Bloom's syndrome are cancer prone genomic instability disorders for which the causative genes <i>ATM</i> and <i>BLM</i> have only recently been identified. The cellular localisation and biochemical roles of these proteins are currently being defined. ATM shares sequence homology with several lipid and protein kinases but at the outset of this work a kinase function for ATM itself was not established and the extent to which the kinase domain contributed to the cellular phenotype of A-T was unknown. In addition the role of ATM heterozygosity and genomic instability in breast cancer had been suggested but not elucidated. <br><br> During the course of this work, the anti-ATM antibody (CN-12) and anti-BLM antibody (IHIC-27), were developed and affinity purified. Antibody CN-12 successfully demonstrated the presence of the 350 kDa ATM protein by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation in HeLa cells. The protein was largely nuclear in localisation with a minor microsomal fraction but was found to be absent in AT2RO cells which contain a homozygous truncating mutation of ATM. Tumour cell lines provided by the NCI showed varying expression of ATM except for the promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL60 in which no ATM was detected. Antibody IHIC-27 demonstrated the presence of a 180 kDa protein in HeLa cells which was absent in the Bloom's cell line GM8505. Studies using antibodies directed to the C and N-termini showed BLM instability and cell fractionation studies demonstrated that the protein was nuclear in localisation. Anti-BLM monoclonal antibodies 185a and 32e were able to identify the fusion protein to which they were raised and BLM immunoprecipitated by IHIC-27 but could not identify BLM in whole cell lysates. Neither ATM nor BLM antibodies were useful for immunohistochemical studies with the protocols tested despite successful immunostaining of the positive control. <br><br> Studies of immunoprecipitated ATM using a variety of assay conditions with p53 peptides and PHAS-I as substrates did not reveal any serine/threonine protein kinase activity, although low levels of autophosphorylation were identified. H1299 cells transfected with a mutant ATM kinase domain did not exhibit a dominant negative phenotype, which curtailed further studies of the cellular function of the domain. <br><br> DNA repair in peripheral blood lymphocytes from breast cancer patients and controls was assessed by the comet assay. Although the patients generally showed less DNA repair than the controls at 30 min and 120 min, the difference was not found to be statistically significant.
Primitive Marriage (1886)

Kinship and marriage in early Arabia' (Cambridge, Uni- versity press, 1885), may be regarded as having given the latest contribution to the controversy going on between those who uphold the opinions of the late Lewis H. Morgan in regard to the origin of human society and the primitive form of mar- riage, and those who support the views of the late John F. McLennan upon these subjects.To ex- plain fully in what these differences consist would require too much space, so that we must content ourselves with stating some of the main points of disagreement.
Improved strained HEMT characteristics using double-heterojunction In/sub 0.65/Ga/sub 0.35/As/In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As design (1989)

The DC and microwave properties of strained In/sub 0.65/Ga/sub 0.35/As/In/sub 052/Al/sub 0.48/As HEMTs (high electron-mobility transistors) with double-heterojunction design are presented. The high sheet carrier density and good carrier confinement give rise to excellent device performance with very low output conductance. For 1*150- mu m/sup 2/ long-gate HEMTs, the measured cutoff frequency f/sub T/ and maximum frequency of oscillation f/sub max/ are as high as 37 and 66 GHz, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>