gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A TE<inf>10</inf>-TE<inf>20</inf> mode transducer utilizing a right-angled corner and its application to a compact H-plane out-of-phase power divider (2009)

This paper describes a constitution method of a novel TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> -TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> mode transducer utilizing an H-plane right-angled corner composed of a standard waveguide and an over-moded one. By placing several metallic posts in the corner junction for both good mode-conversion and low return loss, and optimizing their positions and diameters by the use of the H-plane planar circuit approach together with the short-circuiting method of fictitious ports, a compact and easy-to-fabricate mode transducer is realized. Next, an out-of-phase power divider is designed by utilizing this mode transducer, and relatively wide-band characteristics are obtained for both power-split balance and 180° phase difference. Finally, the validity of the design result is confirmed by experiments.
Autoradiographic distribution of [<sup>3</sup>H]‐suriclone binding sites in the rat brain (1995)

Abstract Suriclone is a potent non‐benzodiazepine anxiolytic belonging to the cyclopyrrolone family. This study examines the distribution and properties of [ 3 H]‐suriclone binding sites in rat brain by autoradiography. The binding of [ 3 H]‐suriclone to rat brain sections was displaced completely by 1 m̈M flumazenil; saturation experiments revealed a single class of binding sites with a K D value of 1.19 nM and a Bmax of 1.05 pmol/mg protein. The pharmacological specificity of [ 3 H]‐suriclone binding was close to that of the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABA A receptor. Unlike benzodiazepine (BZ) agonists, [ 3 H]‐suriclone binding to rat brain sections was not increased in the presence of GABA, and unlike imidazopyridines such as alpidem, suriclone was unable to discriminate between the BZ 1 and BZ 2 phenotype of the GABA A receptor. The autoradiographic distribution of [ 3 H]‐suriclone binding sites in the rat brain was heterogeneous and relatively similar to that previously described for GABA A receptors labelled by benzodiazepines; some regions, however, such as certain cortical areas, displayed a different labelling. The highest densities were found in frontal, occipital, parietal, and cingulate cortices (layers I, II, III, IV), in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, in the superior colliculus and in the hippocampus. Moderate binding densities appeared in numerous areas such as the inferior colliculus, the central grey, the dorsal raphé, and the hypothalamus whereas caudate putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamic nuclei displayed a low density of [ 3 H]‐suriclone binding sites. ©1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of condensed distillers' solubles as an energy source for finishing cattle (1990)

Etude de la valeur energetique des sous-produits de distillation (SPD) de grains de cereale fermentes, utilises comme supplementation a l'alimentation du betail. Etude de l'influence de la methode d'alimentation sur le comportement alimentaire (temps passe au repas, a boire, a ruminer et au repos) et sur la valeur nutritive, en proposant a des bouvillons un aliment de base, +1°) eau ad libidum (EAL), ou, +2°) EAL+SPD, ou, +3°) EAL+SPD dans l'aliment de base, ou, +4°) SPD humide
A scheme for speech processing in automatic speaker verification (1971)

Experiments investigating adaptive pattern recognition in automatic speaker verification are reported. A binary decision confirming or rejecting a speaker's purported identity is required. The experiments involve 7000 phrase length utterances of 118 speakers. An average misclassification rate of one percent with a "no decision" rate of ten percent is obtained. Other experiments indicate that the utterances used for training purposes should preferably be collected over a relatively long period of time.
Oscillating field current drive for reversed field pinch discharges (1984)

Oscillating field current drive (OFCD), also known as F-Θ pumping, is a steady-state current drive technique proposed for the reversed field pinch (RFP). Unlike other current drive techniques, which employ high technology, invasive, and power intensive schemes using radio frequency or neutral particle injection, F-Θ pumping entails driving the toroidal and poloidal magnetic field circuits with low-frequency (audio) oscillating voltage sources. Current drive by this technique is a consequence of the strong nonlinear plasma coupling in the RFP. Because of its low frequency and efficient plasma coupling, F-Θ pumping shows excellent promise as a reactor relevant current drive technique. A conceptual and computational study of this concept, including its experimental and reactor relevance, is explored in this paper.
A low-cost highly-portable tactile display based on shape memory alloy micro-actuators (2006)

This paper presents a new concept of low-cost, high-resolution, lightweight, compact and highly-portable tactile display. The prototype consists of an array of 8 /spl times/ 8 upward/downward independent moveable pins based on shape memory alloy (SMA) technology. Each actuator is capable of developing a 320 mN pull force at 1.5 Hz bandwidth by using simple forced-air convection. The proposed concept allows the development of 60 g weight tactile devices of compact dimensions easily carried in the user's hand. SMA active element, tactile actuator and tactile display are presented and discussed.
The Demonstration of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Methyl Methacrylate-Embedded Plucked Human Hair Follicles (2007)

Plucked human hair follicles have been proposed as a potential surrogate for tumour tissue for measuring the effect of drugs on pharmacodynamic biomarkers in drug intervention studies. We describe a new technique of embedding plucked hair follicles in the acrylic resin, methyl methacrylate, and the immunohistochemical demonstration of six potential biomarkers (Ki67, EGFR, phospho-p27, phospho-histone H3, phospho-MAPK and phospho-Rb) in de-plasticised sections. The advantages of this technique over those that have been used in support of clinical drug trials, such as skin and tumour biopsies, whole blood and whole hair samples is discussed.
Estrogen augments glucose transporter and IGF1 expression in primate cerebral cortex (2001)

ABSTRACT Estrogen has many positive effects on neural tissue in experimental model systems, including stimulation of neurite growth and neurotransmitter synthesis and protection against diverse types of neural injury. In humans, estrogen treatment is reputed to protect against Alzheimer's disease. To investigate potential mediators of estrogen's action and determine whether selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen have estrogen‐like effects in the primate brain, we evaluated the expression of glucose transporters and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and its receptor in the frontal cortex of ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. We treated one group for 3 days with vehicle, another with 17β estradiol (E2), and a third with tamoxifen. The expression of facilitative glucose transporters (Gluts) 1, 3, and 4 was investigated using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblot analysis. Gluts 3 and 4 were concentrated in cortical neurons and Glut1 in capillaries and glial cells. E2 treatment induced two‐ to fourfold increases in Glut3 and Glut4 mRNA levels and lesser but significant increases in Glut3 and 4 protein levels. E2 treatment induced an ~70% increase in parenchymal Glut1 mRNA levels, but did not appreciably affect vascular Glut1 gene expression. IGF1 and IGF1 receptor mRNAs were concentrated in cortical neurons in a distribution similar to Gluts 3 and 4. IGF1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in E2‐treated animals but IGF1 receptor mRNA levels were not altered by hormone treatment. Tamoxifen increased cerebral cortical Glut3 and 4 mRNA levels, but did not affect Glut1, IGF1, or IGF1 receptor expression. This study provides novel data showing that Gluts 3 and 4 and IGF1 are coexpressed by primate cerebral cortical neurons, where their expression is enhanced by estrogen. These findings suggest that up‐regulation of glucose transporter and IGF1 expression may contribute to estrogen's salutary effects on neural tissue. Tamoxifen, an antiestrogen at the breast, is shown to have estrogenlike effects on higher brain centers in the monkey, suggesting that some SERMs may share estrogen's neuroprotective potential for menopausal women.— Cheng, C., Cohen, M., Wang, J., Bondy, C. Estrogen augments glucose transporter and IGF1 expression in primate cerebral cortex. FASEB J. 15, 907–915 (2001)
Numerical Study of Scaling Effects in Peristalsis and Dynamic Suction Pumping (2014)

Flow generated from peristalsis and dynamic suction pumping is examined using numerical simulations. Previous research has shown dynamic suction pumping to be bidirectional. This change in direction is dependent upon pumping frequency, the position of the actuation point, and several other parameters. This paper investigates the direction and magnitude of flow as a function of the Womersley number and the diameter to length ratio of the flexible portion of the tube. The diameter to length ratio has a significant effect on the overall net flow rate and direction. This type of sensitivity is not seen in peristalsis where the average net flow is determined by contraction wave speed. Variations in Womersley number are used to determine at what scales peristalsis and valveless suction pumping are effective. For the parameters considered, valveless suction pumping does not generate significant flow for Womersley numbers less than 1.
RNA Probes of Steric Effects in Active Sites:  High Flexibility of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (2007)

As part of viral replication, the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT) makes a DNA copy of the RNA genome of the virus. It is a mutagenic polymerase, which leads to the rapid development of resistance in patients being treated with antiviral drugs. To study the mechanism by which this enzyme makes frequent errors, we have developed and used a set of variably sized nonpolar uridine analogues (rH, rF, rL, rB) in RNAs to probe its functional steric flexibility in nucleotide incorporation. Our kinetics studies show that the enzyme pairs all the analogues selectively with adenine, with a preference for dichloro analogues. However, unlike high-fidelity replicative DNA polymerases, this reverse transcriptase shows little sensitivity to size increases beyond the optimum, which gives evidence for unusually high steric flexibility. This suggests that at least part of the mutagenic behavior of the HIV-1 virus is caused by active site flexibility in its replicating enzyme.
Spectra of Digital Phase Modulation by Matrix Methods (1974)

We derive the spectral density of a sinusoidal carrier phase modulated by a random baseband pulse train in which the signaling pulse duration is finite and the signaling pulses may have different shapes. The spectral density is expressed as a compact Hermitian form in which the Hermitian matrix is a function of only the symbol probability distribution, and the associated column vector is a function of only the signal pulse shapes. If the baseband pulse duration is longer than one signaling interval, we assume that the symbols transmitted during different time slots are statistically independent. The applicability of the method to compute the spectral density is illustrated by examples for binary, quaternary, octonary, and 16-ary PSK systems with different pulse overlap. Similar methods yield the spectral density of the output of a nonlinear device whose input is a random baseband pulse train with overlapping pulses.
Strain Relaxation and Surface Morphology of Ultrathin High Ge Content SiGe Buffers Grown on Si(001) Substrate (2007)

Epitaxial growth by variable-temperature approach and structural characterization of relaxed, ultra thin 50 nm thick, high Ge content Si0.34Ge0.66 epilayers on Si(001) substrate is demonstrated. All epilayers are grown in a single process by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy. Smooth surface and full relaxation of Si0.34Ge0.66 epilayers are achieved by introducing initial seeding layer, with high density of point defects, grown at low-temperature followed by the growth at rapidly elevating substrate temperature. Variation of growth temperature of Si0.34Ge0.66 seeding layer from 50 up to 450 °C exhibits strong effect on changes of surface morphology and appearance of strain in the Si0.34Ge0.66 epilayers. These epilayers grown under optimum conditions can be used as a buffer layer for the growth of semiconductor heterostructures with high hole mobility compressive strained SiGe or Ge quantum wells.
Virtual backbone generation and maintenance in ad hoc network mobility management (2002)

In this paper, we present the implementation issues of a virtual backbone that supports the operations of the uniform quorum system (UQS) and the randomized database group (RDG) mobility management schemes in an ad hoc network. The virtual backbone comprises nodes that are dynamically selected to contain databases that store the location information of the network nodes. Together with the UQS and RDG schemes, the virtual backbone allows both dynamic database residence and dynamic database access, which provide high degree of location data availability and reliability. We introduce a distributed database coverage heuristic (DDCH), which is equivalent to the centralized greedy algorithm for virtual backbone generation, but only requires local information exchange and local computation. We show how DDCH can be employed to dynamically maintain the structure of the virtual backbone, along with database merging, as the network topology changes. We also provide a means to maintain connectivity among the virtual backbone nodes. We discuss optimization issues of DDCH through simulations. Simulation results suggest that the cost of ad hoc mobility management with a virtual backbone can be far below that of the conventional link-state routing.
Superior Current Carrying Capacity of Boron Nitride Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes with Zero-Dimensional Contacts (2015)

We report fabrication and characterization of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)-encapsulated carbon nanotube (CNT) field effect transistors, which are coupled to electrical leads via zero-dimensional contacts. Device quality is attested by the ohmic contacts and observation of Coulomb blockade with a single periodicity in small bandgap semiconducing nanotubes. Surprisingly, hBN-encapsulated CNT devices demonstrate significantly enhanced current carrying capacity; a single-walled CNT can sustain >180 μA current or, equivalently, a current density of ∼2 × 10(10) A/cm(2), which is a factor of 6-7 higher than devices supported on SiO2 substrates. Such dramatic enhancement of current carrying capacity arises from the high thermal conductivity of hBN and lower hBN-CNT interfacial thermal resistance and has implications for carbon electronic applications.
Supercomplex Formation with Photosystem I Is Required for the Stabilization of the Chloroplast NADH Dehydrogenase-Like Complex in Arabidopsis  (2011)

In higher plants, the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH) interacts with photosystem I (PSI) to form the NDH-PSI supercomplex via two minor light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) proteins, Lhca5 and Lhca6. Previously, we showed that in lhca5 and lhca6, NDH still associates with PSI to form smaller versions of the NDH-PSI supercomplex, although their molecular masses are far smaller than that of the full-size NDH-PSI supercomplex. In this study, we show that the NDH complex is present in the monomeric form in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lhca5 lhca6, implying that NDH interacts with multiple copies of PSI. NDH subunit levels were slightly reduced in immature leaves and more drastically (approximately 50%) in mature leaves of the lhca5 lhca6 double mutant compared with the wild type. Chlorophyll fluorescence analyses detected NDH activity of lhca5 lhca6, suggesting that the supercomplex formation is not essential for NDH activity. However, the severe phenotypes of the lhca5 lhca6 proton gradient regulation5 triple mutant in both plant growth rate and photosynthesis suggest that the function of NDH was impaired in this mutant in vivo. Accumulation of NDH subunits was drastically reduced in lhca5 lhca6 when the light intensity was shifted from 50 to 500 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1). Furthermore, the half-life of NDH subunits, especially that of NDH18, was shorter in monomeric NDH than in the NDH-PSI supercomplex under the high-light conditions. We propose that NDH-PSI supercomplex formation stabilizes NDH and that the process is especially required under stress conditions.
Increased vasodilator responses to acetylcholine in psychosocial hypertensive mice. (1987)

Responsiveness to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine and A23187) and endothelium-independent (nitroprusside and 8-bromo cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate [cGMP]) vasodilators was examined in two vascular preparations from hypertensive and normotensive mice. CBA Agouti mice were made hypertensive by exposure to social stress in a complex population cage. After 2 months, the hindquarter vascular bed was pump-perfused at a constant flow with plasma substitute to evaluate changes in perfusion pressure, and helical strips of aorta were suspended in muscle baths for measurement of isometric force generation. Tissues were treated with methoxamine to induce contractile tone. Threshold dilator responses to acetylcholine were elicited at a significantly lower dose in the hindquarters of hypertensive mice than in those from normotensive mice, indicating increased vasodilator sensitivity. In contrast, vasodilator responsiveness to nitroprusside in hindquarters of hypertensive mice did not differ from that in hindquarters of normotensive mice. Aortas from hypertensive mice were more sensitive (lower ED50) to the relaxant effects of acetylcholine and A23187 than those from normotensive mice. The relaxant effects of nitroprusside and 8-bromo cGMP on aortas from hypertensive mice were not significantly different from those in normotensive aortas. Aortic strips that had been rubbed on the lumen surface with a wooden stick did not relax to acetylcholine or A23187. In aortas that were not initially contracted with methoxamine, acetylcholine and A23187 caused small contractions from baseline. The magnitude of these contractile responses were potentiated after removal of the endothelium, and the potentiation was greater in aortas from hypertensive mice. These results demonstrate an increased responsiveness to endothelium-dependent vasodilators in this psychosocial model of hypertension.
Pentosan Reduces Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head in SHRSP (2010)

Increased oxidative stress is considered one of the main causes of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a steroid hormone and pentosan polysulfate sodium (pentosan), a heparin analog, in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) as a model of ONFH. One hundred twenty-three 13-week-old male SHRSP/Izm rats were divided into four groups: a control group (group C), pentosan-administered group (group P), steroid-administered group (group S), and group administered pentosan plus steroid (group PS). Methylprednisolone acetate, as the steroid hormone, at a dose of 4 mg (15 mg/kg) was administered at 15 weeks of age. Pentosan at a dose of 3 mg/day/kg was continuously administered intraperitoneally from 13 weeks of age for 4 weeks. Rats were sacrificed at 17 weeks of age, and heart blood and both femora were collected. Triglyceride levels were significantly lower in group PS than in group S, indicating that pentosan improves lipid metabolism. The incidence of histologic ONFH was significantly lower in group P, at 14.8% (10/71 femoral heads), than in group C, at 30.4% (17/56 femoral heads), and significantly lower in group PS, at 40.8% (29/71 femoral heads), than in group S, at 91.3% (42/46 femoral heads), indicating that pentosan markedly inhibits ONFH. Immunohistochemical staining for oxidative stress showed that the stainability was significantly lower in group PS than in group S. Pentosan seems to reduce the incidence of ONFH in SHRSP by improving lipid metabolism and decreasing oxidative stress.
High-frequency mutual impedance extraction of VLSI interconnects in the presence of a multi-layer conducting substrate (2008)

We propose a computationally efficient method to calculate, with high accuracy, the mutual impedance between two wires in the presence of multilayer substrates, as needed for high frequency CAD applications. The resulting accuracy (errors smaller than 2%) and CPU time reduction (factors of seven) emerge from three different ingredients: a two dimensional Green's function approach with the correct quasi-static limit, a modified discrete complex image approximation to the Green's function, and a novel discrete dipole approximation to evaluate the magnetic vector potential. This approach permits the evaluation of the mutual impedance between two loops in terms of easily computable analytical expressions that involve the relative separations and the electromagnetic parameters of the multi-layer substrate. The results are valid for long wires, for any separation, and for frequencies up to 100 GHz.
Using web data provenance for quality assessment (2009)

Abstract—The Web of Data cannot be a trustworthy data source unless an approach for evaluating the quality of data on the Web is established and integrated as part of the data publication and access process. In this paper, we propose an approach of using provenance information about the data on the Web to assess their quality and trustworthiness. Our contributions include a model for Web data provenance and an assessment method that can be adapted for specific quality criteria. We demonstrate how this method can be used to evaluate the timeliness of data on the Web, to reflect how up-to-date the data is. We also propose a possible solution to deal with missing provenance information by associating certainty values with calculated quality values. I.
The Identification of MicroRNAs in a Genomically Unstable Region of Human Chromosome 8q24 (2008)

The PVT1 locus is identified as a cluster of T(2;8) and T(8;22) "variant" MYC-activating chromosomal translocation breakpoints extending 400 kb downstream of MYC in a subset (approximately 20%) of Burkitt's lymphoma (vBL). Recent reports that microRNAs (miRNA) may be associated with fragile sites and cancer-associated genomic regions prompted us to investigate whether the PVT1 region on chromosome 8q24 may contain miRNAs. Computational analysis of the genomic sequence covering the PVT1 locus and experimental verification identified seven miRNAs. One miRNA, hsa-miR-1204, resides within a previously described PVT1 exon (1b) that is often fused to the immunoglobulin light chain constant region in vBLs and is present in high copy number in MYC/PVT1-amplified tumors. Like its human counterpart, mouse mmu-miR-1204 represents the closest miRNA to Myc (~50 kb) and is found only 1 to 2 kb downstream of a cluster of retroviral integration sites. Another miRNA, mmu-miR-1206, is close to a cluster of variant translocation breakpoints associated with mouse plasmacytoma and exon 1 of mouse Pvt1. Virtually all the miRNA precursor transcripts are expressed at higher levels in late-stage B cells (including plasmacytoma and vBL cell lines) compared with immature B cells, suggesting possible roles in lymphoid development and/or lymphoma. In addition, lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of the miR-1204 precursor (human and mouse) in a mouse pre-B-cell line increased expression of Myc. High levels of expression of the hsa-miR-1204 precursor is also seen in several epithelial cancer cell lines with MYC/PVT1 coamplification, suggesting a potentially broad role for these miRNAs in tumorigenesis.