gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal shaping for reduction of peak-power and dynamic range in precoding schemes (2002)

Precoding at the transmitter side has been proved to be a very efficient strategy for channel equalization in single-carrier digital transmission schemes. It enables the application of coded modulation in a seamless fashion. A drawback of precoding is that the signal at the input of the decision device exhibits a huge dynamic range. Based on dynamics shaping, a combined precoding/shaping technique introduced previously (see Fischer, R. et al., IEEE JSAC, p.1622-33, 1995), a new shaping strategy is developed. This technique enables a flexible trade-off between (i) reduction of the average transmit power, (ii) avoidance of peaks in the transmit signal in order to facilitate a line driver implementation, and (iii) restriction of the maximum amplitude at the receiver side to a prescribed value. Over a wide range, all three demands can be met simultaneously. As the scheme is fully compatible with Tomlinson-Harashima precoding, it can replace the precoder even in existing and standardized schemes. Simulation results for a typical DSL scenario show the achievable gains.
Lossless Compression Using Efficient Encoding of Bitmasks (2009)

Lossless compression is widely used to improve both memory requirement and communication bandwidth in embedded systems. Dictionary based compression techniques are very popular because of their good compression efficiency and fast decompression mechanism. Bitmask based compression improves the effectiveness of the dictionary based approaches by recording minor differences using bitmasks. This paper proposes an efficient encoding of bitmasks used in bitmask-based compression. We prove that a n-bit bitmask (records n differences) can be encoded using only n-1 bits. This encoding improves compression efficiency while reduces decompression hardware overhead. We have applied our approach in a wide a variety of domains including code compression, FPGA bitstream compression as well as control word compression. Our experimental results using a wide variety of benchmarks demonstrate that our approach improves the compression efficiency by 3 to 10% without adding any additional decompression overhead.
Aliran Al-Murjiah: Fahaman Dan Kesannya Terhadap Aspek Sosial Umat Islam Di Malaysia (2007)

Murjiah merupakan sebabagian daripada kelompok aliran pemikiran yang pernah muncul penghujung kurun pertama Hijrah. Aliran ini membawa fahamannya yang tersendiri yang menyentuh tentang konsep iman. Selepas beberapa dekad, akhirnya aliran Murjiah lenyap disebabkan keterpesongannya daripada ajaran al-Quran dan al-sunnah dan kesedaran majoriti umat Islam untuk berpegang dengan ajaran Abli al-sunnah wal Jama'ah, Walau bagaimanapun, akhir-akhir ini fahaman Murjiah kembali mendapat tempat dalam masyarakat Islam terutama dalam hal-hal yang menyentuh aspek sosial ummah.
An adaptive fuzzy PID control strategy for vehicle yaw stability (2017)

In order to improve the safety and stability of the vehicle under the different road conditions, in this paper, the basic principle of the vehicle handling stability is analyzed, a control strategy based on fuzzy control adaptive adjust PID parameters is proposed. The linear two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model was set up in Simulink and the vehicle stability test was carried out with the simulation platform jointly established with CarSim. The results show that the proposed control strategy can improve the safety and stability of the vehicle in different road conditions. In the emergency double-shift line condition of snow and dry road, the control strategy proposed in this paper is reduced by 45.57%/47.16% and 22.18%/13.86% respectively compared with the peak of the steering wheel angle and yaw rate of CarSim's original control strategy, which is of great significance to improve the handling stability of the vehicle.
QUANTITATIVE CAPACITIVE MEASUREMENTS OF VOIDAGE IN GAS-SOLID FLOWS (1989)

ABSTRACT New capacitance probes were developed for quantitative, time-dependent measurements of voidage in gas-solid flows. Based on a unique guard circuit which nearly eliminates all stray and cable capacitances, these probes are fast (2 kHz) and they do not require in situ calibration. Two configurations were studied: small parallel plates for recording voidage profiles, and a non-intrusive design for local voidage measurements near a wall Static tests were performed using a fixed bed of known voidage and dielectric constant. The probes were also demonstrated in a two-dimensional fluidized bed of glass beads.
Over 100 nm wavelength tuning in superstructure grating (SSG) DBR lasers (1993)

A broad range tuning of over 100 nm in tunable DBR lasers with superstructure grating (SSG) is reported. The SSG reflectors for 100 nm were designed and patterned by electron beam lithography. 1.55 μm DBR lasers with SSG reflector operate in a single mode with a tuning range of 83 nm under CW conditions. With inclusion of the multimode operating region, the tuning range becomes as wide as 103 nm.
Metabolomics: The Principles and Potential Applications to Transplantation (2005)

This review provides a summary of the applications and potential applications of metabolite profiling (i.e. metabolomics) in monitoring organ transplants. While the concept of metabolomics is relatively new to organ transplantation, the idea of measuring metabolites as a quick, noninvasive probe of organ function is not. Indeed, metabolite measurements of serum creatinine have long been used to assess pre- and post-operative organ function. Over the past 10 years, a number of lesser-known, organ-specific metabolites have also been shown to be good diagnostic indicators of both organ function and viability. In general, metabolomics offers a complementary picture to what can be revealed via techniques based on genomics, proteomics or histology. Because metabolic changes typically happen within seconds or minutes after an 'event', whereas some transcript, protein abundance or tissue changes may take place over days or weeks, metabolomic measurements may offer a particularly useful and inexpensive diagnostic tool to monitor donor organ viability or to detect organ rejection. The excitement associated with metabolomics, however, must be tempered by the fact that the technology for rapid metabolite identification is still in its infancy, and that metabolites are but one part of a very complex picture pertaining to organ function.
Non-linear dynamics of flexural disc transducers (2002)

Flexural transducers are well suited for power emission in fluids, thanks to their low mechanical impedance. Their performance is nevertheless compromised by the occurrence of non-linearities stemming from high-deflection and/or high electric field. This experimental work catalogs typical alterations of the transducers' dynamics resulting specifically from high electrical field non-linearities. We use depoled transducers to model efficient ones under high electrical field conditions. The depoled transducer are not subject to purely structural non-linearities as the deflection remains low but still exhibit electric-field-related non-linearities. Results show that the response of the transducers can undergo major qualitative changes as the strength of the excitation increases hysteresis cycles, super-harmonic excitation sharp saturation of the displacement, non periodic response of the transducer to an AC forcing tension and unstable transfer of energy between the spectral components of the displacement signal. Practical implications include transducers' design, model parameter fitting and second harmonic generation.
FINITE ELEMENT REMESHING: A METAL FORMING APPROACH FOR QUADRILATERAL MESH GENERATION AND REFINEMENT (1997)

The paper presents an automatic finite element remeshing system for quadrilateral elements consisting of modules for mesh generation, densification, smoothing and interpolation of field variables. The mesh generator takes into account the contour of the old mesh, eventual interference with dies and the plastic deformation of the material. An initial coarse mesh is created by utilizing a grid-based approach for creating well-shaped internal elements, in conjunction with a nodal connection approach based on constrained Delaunay triangulation, for linking with the boundary. Subsequent local mesh refinement is performed according to parameters depending on past, present and predicted future deformation related field variables; being, respectively, the strain gradient and strain rate distribution in relation with the velocity field, element size and quality. Smoothing is accomplished using an iterative Laplacian repositioning method. As illustrated in the presented examples this overall strategy ensures a robust and efficient remeshing scheme for finite element simulation of bulk metal-forming processes. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross-Language Learning for Program Classification using Bilateral\n Tree-Based Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

Towards the vision of translating code that implements an algorithm from one\nprogramming language into another, this paper proposes an approach for\nautomated program classification using bilateral tree-based convolutional\nneural networks (BiTBCNNs). It is layered on top of two tree-based\nconvolutional neural networks (TBCNNs), each of which recognizes the algorithm\nof code written in an individual programming language. The combination layer of\nthe networks recognizes the similarities and differences among code in\ndifferent programming languages. The BiTBCNNs are trained using the source code\nin different languages but known to implement the same algorithms and/or\nfunctionalities. For a preliminary evaluation, we use 3591 Java and 3534 C++\ncode snippets from 6 algorithms we crawled systematically from GitHub. We\nobtained over 90% accuracy in the cross-language binary classification task to\ntell whether any given two code snippets implement the same algorithm. Also,\nfor the algorithm classification task, i.e., to predict which one of the six\nalgorithm labels is implemented by an arbitrary C++ code snippet, we achieved\nover 80% precision.\n
Anomalous dispersion measurement in terahertz frequency region by photomixing (2006)

Photomixing and coherent homodyne detection have been used to measure the absorption and dispersion of dielectric media. The signal to noise ratio was sufficient to allow the dispersion and absorption characteristics of a polytetrafluoroethylen (Teflon) sample to be extracted up to a frequency of 1.6THz. Due to the relatively narrow spectral linewidth of terahertz source, estimated to be in order of 5MHz, the anomalous dispersion in the vicinity of a rotational transition of carbonyl sulfide is clearly observed, with a refractive index variation of about 10−4 being measured at frequencies within 40MHz of the transition.
Underwater measurements of magnetic field (1946)

The type of magnetic field measurement required is first described. Two important methods are distinguished, measurements when the ship is moving and measurements when it is stationary. A description of the instruments finally developed for each method is given. The errors of the various systems are discussed. A brief account is given of obsolete and experimental instruments. The paper concludes with a description of the methods used to place the underwater units on the sea-bed.
Supporting cooperative caching in ad hoc networks (2006)

Most researches in ad hoc networks focus on routing and not much work has been done on data access. A common technique used to improve the performance of data access is caching. Cooperative caching, which allows the sharing and coordination of cached data among multiple nodes, can further explore the potential of the caching techniques. Due to mobility and resource constraints of ad hoc networks, cooperative caching techniques designed for wired networks may not be applicable to ad hoc networks. In this paper, we design and evaluate cooperative caching techniques to efficiently support data access in ad hoc networks. We first propose two schemes: CacheData, which caches the data, and CachePath, which caches the data path. After analyzing the performance of those two schemes, we propose a hybrid approach (HybridCache), which can further improve the performance by taking advantage of CacheData and CachePath while avoiding their weaknesses. Cache replacement policies are also studied to further improve the performance. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes can significantly reduce the query delay and message complexity when compared to other caching schemes.
Treatment of Cystoid Macular Edema with Octreotide (1998)

To the Editor: In their report on the results of a doseresponse trial of sustained-release bupropion for smoking cessation, Hurt et al. (Oct. 23 issue) 1 "recommend using the 300-mg dose (150 mg twice a day) as the target dose for most patients, given the favorable side-effect profile and the fact that there was less weight gain during the medication phase with this dose." We believe an initial dose of 150 mg a day may be more reasonable.
Expression of the verotoxin receptor glycolipid, globotriaosylceramide, in ovarian hyperplasias. (1997)

The presence of cell surface receptor glycolipid, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), is essential to confer susceptibility to the E. coli-derived verotoxin (VT). Our earlier studies showed that Gb3 is expressed in ovarian carcinoma cell lines. The Gb3 content of normal ovary, benign and malignant primary ovarian tumors, and their metastases have now been compared by verotoxin thin-layer chromatogram (TLC) overlay of the glycolipid tissue extracts. FITC-labeled VT1 B subunit binding to frozen tumor sections was also monitored histochemically. Low to undetectable levels of Gb3 were found in "normal" ovarian tissue. Gb3 was markedly increased in both benign and malignant tumors, suggesting that increased Gb3 may be related to proliferation, rather than malignancy per se. Mucinous tumors showed the least Gb3 elevation; serous tumors were variable, showing higher levels of Gb3 in less differentiated malignant tumors. By far the highest Gb3 content was observed for secondary ovarian metastases and tumors refractory to chemotherapy. Frozen sections of neoplastic ovarian tissue overlaid with fluorescein-conjugated VT1 B subunit show extensive binding to tumor cells, particularly in poorly differentiated samples and blood vessels adjacent to, and within, the tumor mass. Tumor foci were stained but stromal tissue was consistently negative both in primary tumors and metastases. VT staining of well-differentiated primary ovarian tumor sections was weak, corresponding to their low Gb3 content, but strong staining was observed in sections from a highly differentiated primary tumor from a patient who was unexpectedly refractory to clinical chemotherapy. These studies suggest that verotoxin/Gb3 targeting may provide the basis for new treatments for ovarian cancer.
Optimizing large star-schema queries with snowflakes via heuristic-based query rewriting (2024)

User queries have been becoming increasingly complex (e.g., involving a large number of joins) as database technology is applied to some application domains such as data warehouses and life sciences. Query optimizers in existing database management systems often suffer from intolerably long optimization time and/or poor optimization results when optimizing large join queries. One possible solution to tackle these problems is to rewrite a user-specified complex query into another form that can better utilize the capability of the underlying query optimizer, based on some heuristic rules, before sending the query to the next query optimization stage. We focus on studying a special type of complex query possessing a star-schema structure with snowflakes, simply called the snow-schema query. The key idea is to split a given snow-schema query into several levels of small query blocks at the query rewriting stage. The query optimizer then optimizes the query blocks and integrates their results into the final query result. A set of heuristic rules on how to divide the query is introduced. A query rewriting framework adopting these heuristics is presented. Experimental results demonstrate that this heuristic-based query rewriting technique is quite promising in optimizing large snow-schema queries.
Constellations for Imperfect Channel State Information at the Receiver (2002)

We consider the problem of digital communication in a Rayleigh flat fading environment using a multiple antenna system. We assume that the transmitter doesn’t know the channel coefficients, and that the receiver has only an estimate of them with some known estimation error. Inspired by the Stein’s lemma, we propose to use the Kullback-Leibler distance between distributions assigned to the transmitted symbols as a performance criterion. Using this performance criterion, we derive a design criterion based on maximizing the minimum KL distance between constellation points. As an example, we design constellations for a single transmit antenna system using the above criterion, and through simulation, show that the new constellations can provide a substantial improvement in the performance over existing and widely-used constellations.
Electrospray Mass Spectrometry as a Technique for Elemental Analysis: Preliminary Results (1992)

Preliminary results for the analytical use of electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) for elemental analysis are presented. Spectra with the declustered plus-one ion (M + ) as the dominant species have been measured for the alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) and for several transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Cd) in both aqueous and methanol solvents. A number of background ions are also observed including MH + , MO + , MOH + , and MOH(H 2 O) + . For vanadyl sulfate and uranyl nitrate, ES conditions can be adjusted to produce VO + and UO 2 + as the dominant ions in the mass spectra, indicating that direct speciation of inorganic solution components is possible. On the basis of these preliminary results, it appears that electrospray may offer a low-cost and simple generic ion source for elemental mass spectrometry.
STUDIES OF THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM (RES). II. CHANGES IN THE PHAGOCYTIC CAPACITY OF THE RES IN PATIENTS WITH CERTAIN INFECTIONS* (1963)

In our previous communication (1), we have presented data indicating that the phagocytic ca- pacity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) can be determined by measuring the rate of disappearance of various doses of radioisotopically labeled aggregated albumin particles from the circulation. Since our results followed the mathe- matical model suggested first by Michaelis and Menten in their studies of enzyme-substrate sys- tems (2), it was possible to postulate that the rate of removal of small amounts of particulate matter from the blood is determined chiefly by the fre- quency of collision of the particles with RE cells. This concept is also consistent with the known de- pendence of the clearance rate of trace quantities of particles on the blood flow to the principal RES-containing organs, chiefly the liver and spleen (3). As the number of particles increases, how- ever, the collision frequency is no longer a factor in the reaction velocity, the latter being governed only by the rate of the reaction of the particles with the RE cells. This is evidenced by the fact that progressively larger doses do not increase the rate of removal of the particles to a significant degree.
Polymer Microparticles Fabricated by Soft Lithography (2005)

Two techniques using soft lithography and lift-off techniques for the fabrication of polymer microparticles are demonstrated. The techniques involve using microstamping of polymer structures onto a sacrificial layer for release into a water solution. The particles produced using these techniques maintain the micro-geometry of the mold and stamp.
A Systematic Review of Blockchain Hardware Acceleration Architectures (2019)

The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic literature review of blockchain hardware acceleration. Blockchain technology has achieved significant attention in recent years particularly in the area of cryptocurrency however it is gaining popularity in other applications such as supply chain management and e-government. Based on a structured, systematic review of the relevant literature, we present a classification of the primary areas in blockchain technology that make use of heterogeneous hardware for accelerating certain blockchain functions. Based on these findings, we identify various research gaps and future exploratory directions that are anticipated to be of significant value both for academics and industry practitioners.
Silver Ink Formulations for Sinter-free Printing of Conductive Films (2016)

Inkjet printing offers an attractive method for the deposition of metal interconnects in electronic systems and enables a low-cost, environmentally friendly route to manufacture. However, virtually all current metal inkjet processes require post-deposition sintering treatments to achieve the optimum electrical conductivity, because the growth mechanism involves coalescence of discrete nanoparticles. A manufacturing process that reduces the number of steps by directly printing silver, removing the need to sinter the printed metal, would be highly advantageous. Here we describe a, sinter-free process that results in the direct printing of crystalline silver. This process exploits the chemistries developed for Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), to form the basis of a new ink formulation, which we term; Reactive Organometallic inks (ROM). These ROM ink formulations are capable of depositing low temperature, high conductivity metal films, without the need for subsequent sintering treatments. To reduce the temperature for direct formation of metallic Ag, we have added an alcohol as a catalytic reducing agent to dissociate the organometallic component. Silver films printed from our novel ROM ink, on a glass substrate at 120 °C, are electrically conductive with a typical resistivity as low as 39.2% that of bulk silver, without the need for sintering.
Position control of ultrasonic motors using MRAC with dead-zone compensation (2001)

The ultrasonic motor has a heavy nonlinearity, which varies with driving conditions and possesses variable dead zone in the control input associated with applied load torque. This dead zone is a problem as an accurate positioning actuator for industrial applications and it is important to eliminate the dead zone in order to improve the control performance. This letter proposes a new position control scheme for ultrasonic motors, to overcome the load-torque-dependent dead zone employing model reference adaptive control with dead-zone compensation. The dead zone is compensated by an observer, whereas model reference adaptive control performs accurate position control. Mathematical models are formulated and experimental results are given to validate the proposed position control scheme.