gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient timing analysis for general synchronous and asynchronous circuits (2002)

After partitioning the circuit into a set of clock groups, an event-driven approach is used to find paths with delays greater than a given threshold value. False paths detected during event propagation are reported to the user. In addition to breaking asynchronous loops dynamically, the tool also checks setup/hold time and minimum pulse width violations in a multiple clock environment. Experimental results are shown to demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrodeposition of Ruthenium (1969)

SummaryA new electrolyte has been developed for the electrodeposition of ruthenium. Deposits are bright at cathode current efficiencies up to 100%, the bath is stable in operation and has a useful working life, expressed as total deposit weight, of over 50 g ruthenium per litre of electrolyte. The process is based on a novel,† readily prepared anionic complex of ruthenium having the formula (NH4)2 [Ru2NCl8(H2O)2].
Bride Price (2016)

Abstract Bride price is an essential component of the marriage institution that exists in different forms in many regions of the developing parts of the world, and is widely practiced in sub‐Saharan Africa. While several hypotheses have been advanced to explain its existence and processes, some are very critical of the practice, arguing that the outcomes – apart from being gendered and bent toward reinforcing masculinities and femininities – also create and reinforce male dominance. Further to this is the contention that the practice has been commercialized to the extent of becoming an issue for legislative control and reform across many regions.
Purchasing, Storing and Issuing Goods (1990)

We are all familiar with the performance of the typical market salesperson with their easy-going, amusing, persuasive chat, and we recognise the skills involved. The fact that the customer (the buyer) also requires skills to purchase does not always seem as obvious. Unlike casual purchasing, a more formal approach is necessary in business in order to survive and therefore a knowledge of records and control procedures is essential.
Serum Sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: The Role of Lipopolysaccharide (1984)

A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutant (FA5100) of a serum-resistant strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (FA19) was found to be highly sensitive to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum (NHS). Both strain FA5100 and an unrelated serum-sensitive clinical isolate (F62) were killed by NHS via the classical complement pathway since killing required C2 and Ca++. However, the fact that only strain FA5100 was sensitive to human hypogammaglobulinemic and cord serum suggested that this strain might activate the classical complement pathway in the absence of antibody. Anticomplementary concentrations of LPS from strain FA5100 inhibited the bactericidal activity of NHS against either strain FA5100 or strain F62. However, concentrations of LPS from strain FA5100 that exhibited marginal anticomplementary behavior also inhibited the killing of strain F62 by NHS. The ability of LPS from strain FA5100 to inhibit the bactericidal activity of NHS against strain FA5100 and to activate complement was reduced by treatment with mild alkali. However, alkali-treated LPS from strain FA5100 still inhibited the bactericidal activity of NHS against strain F62.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Chronic Opioid Therapy (2007)

Sleep-disordered breathing was common in chronic pain patients on opioids. The dose-response relation of sleep apnea to methadone and benzodiazepines calls for increased vigilance.
Desk reference of functional polymers : syntheses and applications (1997)

Discusses the synthesis, properties, and current and potential applications of a wide variety of functional polymers in four major areas: radiation effects and applications, opolelectronic properties and applications, chemical and physicochemical applications, and biomedical applications. Reviews the general synthetic methods for preparing functional polymers. Examines functional polymers with properties of interest in such fields as microlithography, photochemistry, nonlinear optics, electrical conductivity, chemical sensors, electron and energy transfer processes, polymeric liquid crystalline networks, chiral liquid crystalline polymers, solar energy utilization, floculation of minerals, catalysis, polymeric dental aids, polymer-drug conjugates, biocompatible polymer surfaces, and drug targeting by functional polymers.
The Plasmacytoma Growth Inhibitor Restrictin-P Is an Antagonist of Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 11 (1995)

A stromal protein, designated restrictin-P, that specifically kills plasma-like cells was purified to homogeneity and shown to be identical with activin A. The specificity to plasma-like cells stemmed from the ability of restrictin-P/activin A to competitively antagonize the proliferation-inducing effects of interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-11. Restrictin-P further interfered with the IL-6-induced secretion of acute phase proteins by HepG2 human hepatoma cells and with the IL-6-mediated differentiation of M1 myeloblasts. A competition binding assay indicated that restrictin-P did not interfere with the binding of IL-6 to its receptor on plasma-like cells, suggesting that it may act by intervening in the signal transduction pathway of the growth factor. Indeed, concomitant addition of restrictin-P and IL-6 to cytokine-deprived B9 hybridoma cells was followed by sustained overexpression of junB gene until cell death occurred, while IL-6 alone caused a transient increase only. This altered response to IL-6 stimulation was accompanied by a moderate increase in STAT protein activation. Thus, in this study, we identified the plasmacytoma growth inhibitor, restrictin-P, as being activin A of stromal origin. It is shown that activin A is an antagonist of IL-6-induced functions and that it modifies the IL-6 signaling pattern.
Verifying and testing expert system conceptual models (2003)

The authors recommend a two-phase approach to validating expert systems: (1) to use verification tools and techniques to establish formally specifiable properties of the expert system, such as freedom from logical redundancy, inconsistency, and deficiency; and (2) to use evaluation techniques to identify critical areas of expert system functionality and to identify sets of test cases for those areas. A verification tool can then be used to establish whether the expert system functions correctly, according to these test cases. This approach is elucidated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Sensitivity of G<sub>0</sub>‐State Haemopoietic Spleen Colony‐Forming Cells to A Stimulus For Proliferation (1986)

Haemopoietic spleen colony-forming units (CFU-s) close to the axis (axial CFU-s) of the long bones have a high probability of self-renewal. They are pluripotent cells and are largely in a G0-State. By contrast, CFU-s close to the bone surface (marginal CFU-s) have a lower probability of self-renewal and are probably more mature, though still pluripotent. Most CFU-s proliferation arises in this zone. As a consequence, marginal CFU-s tend to have shorter G0 histories than do axial CFU-s. Femoral marrow was, therefore, divided into axial and marginal populations and the sensitivity of the CFU-s to an endogenous CFU-s-specific proliferation-stimulating factor was assessed and compared by the tritiated thymidine suicide technique. It was found that axial CFU-s are considerably more resistant to stimulation than are marginal CFU-s in that larger doses for longer periods of exposure are required to increase the proliferative activity of the cells. This behaviour is consistent with the suggestion that cells with a low division probability exist in deeper levels of the quiescent G0-state. Although this hypothesis was developed from the behaviour of cells maintained in culture under sub-optimal physiological conditions, this phenomenon appears, in vivo, to be a characteristic of the stem cell population of haemopoietic tissue; their high resistance to stimulation maintaining the axial CFU-s in a quiescent state.
Human Multipotent Stromal Cells Undergo Sharp Transition from Division to Development in Culture (2007)

Human mesenchymal stem cells, or multipotent stromal cells (MSCs), are of interest for clinical therapy, in part because of their capacity for proliferation and differentiation. However, results from clinical trials and in vitro models have been variable, possibly because of MSC heterogeneity and a lack of standardization between MSC in vitro expansion protocols. Here we defined changes in MSCs during expansion in vitro. In low-density cultures, MSCs expand through distinct lag, exponential growth, and stationary phases. We assayed cultures of passage 2 human MSCs from three donors at low density (50 cells per cm(2)) at approximately 5% confluence on day 2 and after the cultures had expanded to approximately 70% confluence on day 7. On day 2, genes involved in cell division were upregulated. On day 7, genes for cell development were upregulated. The variations among three donors were less than the variation within the expansion of MSCs from a single donor. The microarray data for selected genes were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and FACScan analysis. Approximately 50% of cells at day 2 were in S-phase compared with 10% at day 7. The results demonstrated major differences in early and late stage cultures of MSCs that should be considered in using the cells in experiments and clinical applications.
Proxy Signature-Based Management Model of Sharing Energy Storage in Blockchain Environment (2020)

Sharing energy storage (SES) is a novel business model in order to increase the profits and improve the utilization rate of idle energy storage facilities. On the other hand, blockchains can be competently applied in the transaction and operation of SES because of distributed network architecture, traceability and tamper proof. In this paper, a management model of SES based on proxy signatures in the blockchain environment is proposed. Many management models including the principal-agent model are analyzed for SES in terms of benefit, cost, resources, and so on. Moreover, a blockchain framework and a typical transaction process of SES is presented. Finally, a proxy signature mechanism based on the ElGamal algorithm is proposed in order to address the problem that the signature power of nodes cannot be transferred on blockchains. Simulation results show that the proposed proxy signature mechanism can achieve the delegation of digital signature power under the premise of security and reliability, which is suitable for the management model of SES on blockchains.
Combined Therapy with Mutant-Selective EGFR Inhibitor and Met Kinase Inhibitor for Overcoming Erlotinib Resistance in <i>EGFR</i> -Mutant Lung Cancer (2012)

Although the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) erlotinib and gefitinib have shown dramatic effects against EGFR mutant lung cancer, patients become resistant by various mechanisms, including gatekeeper EGFR-T790M mutation, Met amplification, and HGF overexpression, thereafter relapsing. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel agents to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance. We have tested the effects of the mutant-selective EGFR-TKI WZ4002 and the mutant-selective Met-TKI E7050 on 3 EGFR mutant lung cancer cell lines resistant to erlotinib by different mechanisms: PC-9/HGF cells with an exon 19 deletion, H1975 with an L858R mutation, and HCC827ER with an exon 19 deletion, with acquired resistance to erlotinib because of HGF gene transfection, gatekeeper T790M mutation, and Met amplification, respectively. WZ4002 inhibited the growth of H1975 cells with a gatekeeper T790M mutation, but did not inhibit the growth of HCC827ER and PC-9/HGF cells. HGF triggered the resistance of H1975 cells to WZ4002, whereas E7050 sensitized HCC827ER, PC-9/HGF, and HGF-treated H1975 cells to WZ4002, inhibiting EGFR and Met phosphorylation and their downstream molecules. Combined treatment potently inhibited the growth of tumors induced in severe-combined immunodeficient mice by H1975, HCC827ER, and PC-9/HGF cells, without any marked adverse events. These therapeutic effects were associated with the inhibition of EGFR and Met phosphorylation in vivo. The combination of a mutant-selective EGFR-TKI and a Met-TKI was effective in suppressing the growth of erlotinib-resistant tumors caused by gatekeeper T790M mutation, Met amplification, and HGF overexpression. Further evaluations in clinical trials are warranted.
Ashtech RTZ, Real-Time Kinematic GPS with OTF Initialization (1995)

Ashtech announces the RTZ real time Kinematic
system. This product essentially combines the
world leading ASHTECH Z-12 receiver with the
leading PNAV post-processing program to
provide “in the box” real time solutions that
equal the post-processed solutions achievable
with Z- 12 and PNAV. This system is the heart
of an ever growing number of “vertical”
applications such as GPSTopo (a topographical
mapping system), SEISMARK (a seismic
survey stake out system) and MINE
SURVEYOR ( a survey system optimized for
open pit mines. The system is also being used
for OEM applications requiring real-time
centimeter accuracy.
We wish to make two main points in this paper:
1. Z- 12 quality is the key to the success of this
product.
2. Time to Fix is not an adequate quality
indicator for “On the Fly” integer ambiguity
resolving systems. We suggest a better indicator
and show its use for the RTZ product.
Elastic properties of the centrilobular emphysematous space (1969)

Bronchograms were performed using finely particulate lead on emphysematous lungs obtained at necropsy. X-ray films were taken of these lungs at distending pressures of 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm H(2)O. The volumes of individual centrilobular emphysematous spaces were calculated at each distending pressure from measurements made on these bronchograms and pressure-volume curves were constructed for each space. The pressure-volume characteristics of seven normal lungs and one lung with centrilobular emphysema was also measured. The normal lungs, the lung with centrilobular emphysema, and the centrilobular emphysematous spaces were compared by expressing the volume of air contained in them at each distending pressure as a per cent of the volume contained at 20 cm H(2)O distending pressure. We conclude that centrilobular emphysematous spaces have a high residual volume, are less compliant than normal lung tissue, and are much less compliant than the emphysematous lungs which contain them. Furthermore, these spaces undergo little volume change in the tidal breathing range and probably add a relatively nondistensible series dead space to the surrounding lung parenchyma.
Searching Techniques in Peer-to-Peer Networks. (2005)

This chapter provides a survey of major searching techniques in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. We first introduce the concept of P2P networks and the methods for classifying different P2P networks. Next, we discuss various searching techniques in unstructured P2P systems, strictly structured P2P systems, and loosely structured P2P systems. The strengths and weaknesses of these techniques are highlighted. Searching in unstructured P2Ps covers both blind search schemes and informed search schemes. Blind searches include iterative deepening, k-walker random walk, modified random BFS, and two-level k-walker random walk. Informed searches include local indices, directed BFS, intelligent search, routing indices, attenuated bloom filter, adaptive probabilistic search, and dominating set based search. The discussion of searching in strictly structured P2Ps focuses on hierarchical Distributed Hash Table (DHT) P2Ps and nonDHT P2Ps. Searching in non-hierarchical DHT P2Ps is briefly overviewed. The presentation of the hierarchical DHT P2Ps pays more attention to Kelips and Coral, whereas that of searching in non-DHT P2Ps focuses on SkipNet and TerraDir. The description of searching in loosely structured P2Ps focuses on Freenet. We conclude this chapter by summarizing open problems in searching the P2P networks.
Statistical Considerations for NonInferiority/Equivalence Trials in Vaccine Development (2006)

Noninferioritylequivalence designs are often used in vaccine clinical trials. The goal of these designs is to demonstrate that a new vaccine, or new formulation or regimen of an existing vaccine, is similar in terms of effectiveness to the existing vaccine, while offering such advantages as easier manufacturing, easier administration, lower cost, or improved safety profile. These noninferioritylequivalence designs are particularly useful in four common types of immunogenicity trials: vaccine bridging trials, combination vaccine trials, vaccine concomitant use trials, and vaccine consistency lot trials. In this paper, we give an overview of the key statistical issues and recent developments for noninferioritylequivalence vaccine trials. Specifically, we cover the following topics: (i) selection of study endpoints; (ii) formulation of the null and alternative hypotheses; (iii) determination of the noninferioritylequivalence margin; (iv) selection of efficient statistical methods for the statistical analysis of noninferioritylequivalence vaccine trials, with particular emphasis on adjustment for stratification factors and missing pre-or post-vaccination data; and (v) the calculation of sample size and power.
Contributions of Epstein–Barr Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1) to Cell Immortalization and Survival (2012)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalizes host cells as part of its latent mode of infection. As a result of this ability to promote cell proliferation and survival, EBV infection contributes to the development of several kinds of B-cell lymphomas and epithelial tumours. The EBV Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) protein is the only EBV protein expressed in all EBV-associated tumours and plays multiple important roles in EBV latency. In addition to its well-studied roles in viral DNA replication, segregation and transcriptional activation, several studies have identified roles of EBNA1 in manipulating cellular processes that result in reduced apoptosis and increased cell survival. This review discusses these cellular effects of EBNA1 and mechanisms by which they occur.
Apolipoprotein B metabolism and the distribution of VLDL and LDL subfractions (2000)

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) metabolism was investigated in 20 men with plasma triglyceride 0.66-2.40 mmol/l and plasma cholesterol 3.95-6. 95 mmol/l. Kinetics of VLDL(1) (S(f) 60-400), VLDL(2) (S(f) 20-60), IDL (S(f) 12-20), and LDL (S(f) 0;-12) apoB were analyzed using a trideuterated leucine tracer and a multicompartmental model which allowed input into each fraction. VLDL(1) apoB production varied widely (from 5.4 to 26.6 mg/kg/d) as did VLDL(2) apoB production (from 0.18 to 8.4 mg/kg/d) but the two were not correlated. IDL plus LDL apoB direct production accounted for up to half of total apoB production and was inversely related to plasma triglyceride (r = -0.54, P = 0.009). Percent of direct apoB production into the IDL/LDL density range (r = 0.50, P < 0.02) was positively related to the LDL apoB fractional catabolic rate (FCR). Plasma triglyceride in these subjects was determined principally by VLDL(1) and VLDL(2) apoB fractional transfer rates (FTR), i.e., lipolysis. IDL apoB concentration was regulated mainly by the IDL to LDL FTR (r = -0.71, P < 0.0001). LDL apoB concentration correlated with VLDL(2) apoB production (r = 0.48, P = 0.018) and the LDL FCR (r = -0.77, P < 0. 001) but not with VLDL(1), IDL, or LDL apoB production. Subjects with predominantly small, dense LDL (pattern B) had lower VLDL(1) and VLDL(2) apoB FTRs, higher VLDL(2) apoB production, and a lower LDL apoB FCR than those with large LDL (pattern A). Thus, the metabolic conditions that favored appearance of small, dense LDL were diminished lipolysis of VLDL, resulting in a raised plasma triglyceride above the putative threshold of 1.5 mmol/l, and a prolonged residence time for LDL. This latter condition presumably permitted sufficient time for the processes of lipid exchange and lipolysis to generate small LDL particles.
Exosomes Secreted from CXCR4 Overexpressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Cardioprotection via Akt Signaling Pathway following Myocardial Infarction (2015)

Background and Objective. Exosomes secreted from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have demonstrated cardioprotective effects. This study examined the role of exosomes derived from MSC overexpressing CXCR4 for recovery of cardiac functions after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods. In vitro, exosomes from MSC transduced with lentiviral CXCR4 (Exo(CR4)) encoding a silencing sequence or null vector were isolated and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Gene expression was then analyzed by qPCR and Western blotting. Cytoprotective effects on cardiomyocytes were evaluated and effects of exosomes on angiogenesis analyzed. In vivo, an exosome-pretreated MSC-sheet was implanted into a region of scarred myocardium in a rat MI model. Angiogenesis, infarct size, and cardiac functions were then analyzed. Results. In vitro, Exo(CR4) significantly upregulated IGF-1α and pAkt levels and downregulated active caspase 3 level in cardiomyocytes. Exo(CR4) also enhanced VEGF expression and vessel formation. However, effects of Exo(CR4) were abolished by an Akt inhibitor or CXCR4 knockdown. In vivo, Exo(CR4) treated MSC-sheet implantation promoted cardiac functional restoration by increasing angiogenesis, reducing infarct size, and improving cardiac remodeling. Conclusions. This study reveals a novel role of exosomes derived from MSC(CR4) and highlights a new mechanism of intercellular mediation of stem cells for MI treatment.
Separate sensible and latent cooling system: A preliminary analysis of a novel approach (2017)

Separate sensible and latent cooling systems offer significant increases in the overall performance of cooling/dehumidification systems compared with conventional vapor-compression air-conditioning systems. Key to the energy efficiency of such systems is the performance of the heat and mass exchangers that provide sensible cooling and dehumidification. A novel design is proposed for dehumidification applications, deploying metal foam as a substrate coated with solid desiccants. The current report provides some preliminary information regarding the development of the technology and discusses factors such as manufacturing of desiccants, characterization of desiccants, and development of the metal foam heat exchanger. All three aspects provide the necessary infrastructure for further development and validation of the proposed concept.