gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Bonding Electroless Metal to Organic Substrates (1969)

The use of electroless metal bonded organic substrates has many possible applications. The present state‐of‐the‐art is limited to a few organic substrates. Initial studies included the mechanism of bonding electroless copper to acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene and to polysulfone. This was investigated by using a scanning electron microscope to view the interfacial surfaces of substrates subsequent to chemical processing and electroless and electrolytic plating. The examination revealed that interlocking surfaces were present which permitted mechanical interaction at the copper‐organic interface. When these surfaces were replicated on epoxy, bonding between this surface and electroless copper was obtained.
Use of acoustic prior information for confidence measure in ASR (<i>automatic speech recognition</i>) applications (2005)

In this paper, a new acoustic confidence measure of automatic speech recognition hypothesis is proposed and it is compared to approaches proposed in the literature. This approach takes into account prior information on the acoustic model performance specific to each phoneme. The new method is tested on two types of recognition errors: the out-of-vocabulary words and the errors due to additive noise. An efficient way to interpret the raw confidence measure as a correctness prior probability is also proposed in the paper. (C) 2005 Acoustical Society of America.
A strengthening China-New Zealand link (2012)

The New Zealand-China relationship has come a long way since it was inaugurated in 1972, and is now so warm that Vice Premier Li has described it as 'at its best ever'. New Zealand and China have developed broad and substantial ties that are among New Zealand's most important. Our trade relationship, in particular, has been a huge success, and momentum has grown very quickly in recent years. People-to-people links between New Zealand and China are also strong. New Zealand has also, from time to time, hosted Chinese naval vessels, and works with China in various regional organisations. Looking forward, it is safe to assume that current trends will continue.
Patient-instrument connection errors in bioelectrical impedance measurement (1998)

Bioelectrical impedance in vivo measurement errors due to the connection between instrument and patient are analysed theoretically and experimentally. Special attention is paid to the patient cable capacitances and to the reduction of unwanted common-mode signals at the voltage amplifier input. Experiments with single-ended and symmetrical current sources, with different simulated body impedance values, with five types of cable connection and with three types of cable screen driving are carried out. The use of a balanced voltage-to-current transverter with a floating common point is recommended. Four separate patient cables should be used with separately driven screens by high-quality unity-gain buffers. Thus the impedance module measurement error can be reduced to below 1% in the range of 20 to 1000 omega and the phase measurement error to less than 0.3 degree, for frequencies from 1 kHz to 300 kHz.
Government by Special Districts: Kansas and North Carolina (1970)

Any readers who wish to submit reports for inclusion in this column should send a brief statement (250-500 words) to Earl J. Reeves, Research Editor, Midwest Review of Public Administration, University of Tulsa, 600 South College, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Articles for the August, 1970 issue must be received by June, 1970.
Using a Vignette Research Design to Examine Traffic Stop Decision Making of Police Officers (2009)

A variety of data collection methods have been used to examine an officer’s decision to stop a vehicle. Most research examines poststop behavior, and no single method has been able to obtain all the relevant independent variables for a comprehensive examination of this behavior. This study uses vignettes describing a traffic stop incident. Driver characteristics, vehicle characteristics, and traffic violations are included as independent variables. Officers from three law enforcement agencies are provided two traffic stop vignettes. Officers indicate their likelihood of stopping a vehicle based on vignette information. Vehicle characteristics and traffic violations influence the likelihood of stopping a vehicle. Officers in smaller police agencies are significantly more likely to stop a vehicle than are Sheriff’s deputies.
The influence of the milling liquid on the properties of barium titanate powders and ceramics (1997)

The influence of the milling liquid on the properties of donor-doped (La 3+ ) semiconducting barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) ceramics, generated by the mixed oxide technique, was investigated. Distilled water and propan-2-ol were used as milling liquids. Water was found to have two essential effects. First, it dissolves Ba 2+ ions out of BaTiO 3 grains, thus creating core–shell structures which were confirmed by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). They consist of a 3–5 nm thick TiO x -rich layer followed by a layer (ca. 10 nm thick) with a molar Ba/Ti ratio increasing from 0 to 1. These core–shell structures of the BaTiO 3 powder positively affect the sintering behaviour of the greens by the high reactivity of the Ti-rich interlayer. Secondly, water cleans the BaTiO 3 powder of acceptor contaminants, producing ceramics with a low electrical resistivity at room temperature. Propan-2-ol-milled ceramics of a comparable composition show an electrical resistivity up to six orders of magnitude higher, owing to the compensation of La 3+ -doping by acceptor contaminants.
pH-Triggered Charge-Reversal Polypeptide Nanoparticles for Cisplatin Delivery: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation (2013)

A series of pH-responsive random copolymer poly(l-glutamic acid-co-l-lysine) [P(Glu-co-Lys)] were synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of γ-benzyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA) and 3-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine N-carboxyanhydride (ZLys-NCA) and the subsequent deprotection. The chemical structure of the P(Glu-co-Lys)s was confirmed by NMR. Critical aggregation concentration and transmission electron microscopy measurements indicated that the P(Glu-co-Lys)s could self-assemble into aggregates in phosphate buffer. The surface charge of P(Glu-co-Lys) aggregates was greatly affected by the solution's pH and l-glutamic acid/l-lysine ratio because the carboxyl and amino groups present on the P(Glu-co-Lys) aggregates could be protonated or deprotonated to become charged. The pH value of the solution at which the surface charge of the P(Glu-co-Lys) aggregates reversed could be manipulated by the feed ratio of BLG-NCA and ZLys-NCA. In vitro methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assays demonstrated that negatively charged P(Glu-co-Lys)s were nontoxic and biocompatible. Positive charged P(Glu-co-Lys)s showed some cytotoxicity to Hela cells. Cisplatin (CDDP) was used as a model anticancer drug to evaluate the charge-reversal drug delivery system. By the manipulation of CDDP loading content, the surface charge of the CDDP/P(Glu-co-Lys) nanoparticles could be reversed to positive from negative at tumor extracellular pH (pHe 6.5-7.2). An enhanced drug uptake and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation were observed for the tumoral pHe triggered charge-reversal CDDP/P(Glu-co-Lys) drug delivery system. These indicated that the CDDP/P(Glu-co-Lys) nanoparticles could be used as intelligent drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
Global radiolocation in the lower ELF frequency band (1995)

A system for recording large‐amplitude discrete extremely low frequency atmospherics (ELF “events” or “Q bursts”) produced by global lightning activity is described. The location of the source lightning flashes for some 261 events has been deduced from these data. In the data set, about 75% of the signals were produced by positive flashes and 25% were produced by negative flashes. The analysis technique depends on the fact that in the lower ELF band (5–45Hz), signals can be detected which have made multiple circulations of the globe. The range of the sources was found by modelling the data using a least squares fit to the complex wave impedance computed using the well‐established propagation theory applicable to the Earth‐ionosphere spherical‐shell waveguide. The source bearings were deduced from two orthogonal components of the magnetic field vector using the usual goniometric technique. The data show that the majority of the sources of ELF events are located in low‐latitude regions, an average of 7.4 Mm away from the observing station situated in the UK. The use of such a system to monitor worldwide thunderstorm activity, so far as this relates to ELF events observed in the band 5–45 Hz, is demonstrated.
<title>Plane-wave expansions methods applied to the calculation of the optical scattering by one-dimensional randomly rough dielectric surfaces</title> (1993)

In this paper, we present a numerical study of optical waves scattered by rough surfaces. The calculations are based on the use of plane-wave expansions to describe the reflected and transmitted fields on the surface (also known as the Rayleigh hypothesis). This theory is applied to one-dimensional randomly rough dielectric surfaces, by using a random grating numerical generation. Two methods are recalled for the straightforward numerical implementation of the theory: the Point-Matching Method (PMM) and the Fourier Series Method (FSM). Examples of results for a metallic and a dielectric surface, obtained with the latter method, are in good agreement with calculations by an exact numerical method. It is reported that the FSM has a wider domain of validity but that the PMM has a faster computation time.
An actin-depolymerizing protein (destrin) from porcine kidney. Its action on F-actin containing or lacking tropomyosin (1985)

An Mr 19 000 protein (destrin) that has the ability to rapidly depolymerize F-actin in a stoichiometric manner was purified from porcine kidney by sequential chromatography on DNase I-agarose, hydroxyapatite, and Sephadex G-75. Its actin-depolymerizing activity is reversibly controlled by changes in KCl concentration but is insensitive to Ca2+ concentration. The rate of depolymerization of F-actin by destrin is much faster than that of spontaneous depolymerization induced by dilution and is not markedly decreased by the addition of end-blocking reagents such as cytochalasin B. These results suggest that destrin depolymerizes F-actin by interacting directly with F-actin protomers. Binding of muscle tropomyosin to F-actin slows down the rate of destrin-induced depolymerization of F-actin by about 30-fold. The data suggest that the destrin-induced depolymerization occurs from the ends of F-actin when F-actin is complexed with tropomyosin, but it takes place from the entire length of F-actin in the absence of tropomyosin.
Characteristics of platelet concentrates stored for 5 days after X-ray irradiation. (1992)

Irradiation of blood products is an effective way to prevent post-transfusion graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, the characteristics of platelet concentrates (PC) irradiated with X-ray were still unknown. Therefore, in order to study the effects of X-ray irradiation on PC, we examined the mitotic activity of lymphocytes and in vitro characteristics of PC stored for 5 days after X-ray irradiation. The results showed that Mixed Lymphocyte Culture (MLC) response of lymphocytes contaminating PC was completely abolished by irradiation with only 5 Gy, and that there were no significant differences between the irradiated and unirradiated PC in pH, platelet count, aggregability, ability of shape change and hypotonic shock response. Furthermore, no differences were found in the amount of lipid peroxides and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in plasma of PC and morphology of platelets between the irradiated and unirradiated PC.In conclusion, we showed that X-ray irradiation of PC with 15 Gy was sufficient for preventing post-transfusion GVHD, and that irradiation below 50 Gy had no deleterious effects on in vitro qualities and functions of PC stored for 5 days after the treatment.
Rescue of GATA-1-Deficient Embryonic Stem Cells by Heterologous GATA-Binding Proteins (1995)

Totipotent murine embryonic stem (ES) cells can be differentiated in vitro to form embryoid bodies (EBs) containing hematopoietic cells of multiple lineages, including erythroid cells. In vitro erythroid development parallels that which is observed in vivo. ES cells in which the gene for the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 has been disrupted fail to produce mature erythroid cells either in vivo or in vitro. With the EB in vitro differentiation assay, constructs expressing heterologous GATA-binding proteins were tested for their abilities to correct the developmental defect of GATA-1-deficient ES cells. The results presented here show that the highly divergent chicken GATA-1 can rescue GATA-1 deficiency to an extent similar to that of murine GATA-1 (mGATA-1), as determined by size and morphology of EBs, presence of red cells, and globin gene expression. Furthermore, GATA-3 and GATA-4, which are normally expressed in different tissues, and a protein consisting of the zinc fingers of GATA-1 fused to the herpes simplex virus VP16 transcription activation domain were able to compensate for the GATA-1 defect. Chimeric molecules in which both zinc fingers of mGATA-1 were replaced with the zinc fingers of human GATA-3 or with the single finger of the fungal GATA factor areA, as well as a construct bearing the zinc finger region alone, displayed rescue activity. These results suggest that neither the transcription activation domains of mGATA-1 nor its zinc fingers impart erythroid cell specificity for its action in vivo. Rather, it appears that specificity is mediated through the cis-acting control regions which determine spatial and temporal expression of the GATA-1 gene. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the zinc finger region may have a biological function in addition to mediating DNA binding.
5-Trifluoromethyltetrazole and Its Derivatives (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5-Trifluoromethyltetrazole and Its DerivativesWilliam P. NorrisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 9, 3248–3251Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01056a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01056a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development and Quantitative Evaluation of a High-Resolution Metabolomics Technology (2014)

Recent advances in mass spectrometry have allowed for unprecedented characterization of human metabolism and its contribution to disease. Despite these advances, limitations in metabolomics technology remain. Here, we describe a metabolomics strategy that consolidates several recent improvements in mass spectrometry technology. The platform involves a high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer coupled to faster scanning speeds, allowing for polarity switching and improved ion optics resulting in enhanced sensitivity. When coupled to HILIC chromatography, we are able to quantify over 339 metabolites from an extract of HCT8 cells with a linear range of over 4 orders of magnitude in a single chromatographic run. These metabolites include diverse chemical classes ranging from amino acids to polar lipids. In addition, we also detect over 3000 additional potential metabolites present in mammalian cells. We applied this platform to characterize the metabolome of eight colorectal cancer cell lines and observed both commonalities and heterogeneities across their metabolic profiles when cells are grown in identical conditions. Together these results demonstrate that simultaneous profiling and quantitation of the human metabolome is feasible.
Evidence for Mixed Membrane Topology of the Newcastle Disease Virus Fusion Protein (2003)

The synthesis of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion (F) protein in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system containing membranes was characterized. The membrane-associated products were in at least two different topological forms with respect to the membranes. The properties of one form were consistent with the expected membrane insertion as a classical type 1 glycoprotein. This form of the protein was fully glycosylated, and sequences amino terminal to the transmembrane domain were protected from protease digestion by the membranes. The second form of membrane-associated F protein was partially glycosylated and partially protected from protease digestion by the membranes. Protease digestion resulted in a 23-kDa protease-protected polypeptide derived from F2 sequences and sequences from the amino-terminal end of the F1 domain. Furthermore, a 10-kDa polypeptide derived from the cytoplasmic domain (CT) was also protected from protease digestion by the membranes. Protease resistance of the 23- and 10-kDa polypeptides suggested that this second form of F protein inserted in membranes in a polytopic conformation with both the amino-terminal end and the carboxyl-terminal end translocated across membranes. To determine if this second form of the fusion protein could be found in cells expressing the F protein, two different approaches were taken. A polypeptide with the size of the partially translocated F protein was detected by Western analysis of proteins in total-cell extracts of NDV strain B1 (avirulent)-infected Cos-7 cells. Using antibodies raised against a peptide with sequences from the cytoplasmic domain, CT sequences were detected on surfaces of F protein-expressing Cos-7 cells by immunofluorescence and by flow cytometry. This antibody also inhibited the fusion of red blood cells to cells expressing F and HN proteins. These results suggest that NDV F protein made both in a cell-free system and in Cos-7 cells may exist in two topological forms with respect to membranes and that the second form of the protein may be involved in cell-cell fusion.
120 Gb/s Multi-Channel THz Wireless Transmission and THz Receiver Performance Analysis (2017)

A photonic multi-channel terahertz (THz) wireless transmission system in the 350-475 GHz band is experimentally demonstrated. The employment of six THz carriers modulated with 10 Gbaud Nyquist quadrature phase-shift keying baseband signal per carrier results in an overall capacity of up to 120 Gb/s. The THz carriers with high-frequency stability and low phase noise are generated based on photonic photomixing of 25-GHz spaced six optical tones and a single optical local oscillator derived from a same optical frequency comb in an ultrabroadband uni-travelling carrier photodiode. The bit-error-rate performance below the hard decision forward error correction threshold of 3.8×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> for all the channels is successfully achieved after wireless delivery. Furthermore, we also investigate the influence of the harmonic spurs in a THz receiver on the performance of transmission system, and the experimental results suggest more than 30 dB spur suppression ratio in downconverted intermediate frequency signals for obtaining less than 1 dB interference.
Gas drying by calcium chloride solutions: The mechanism of transfer (1948)

Abstract Experiments have been carried out in a small laboratory packed tower and in a wetted wall column to determine the respective contributions of the gas and liquid films to the transfer of water vapour from moist air into strong solutions of calcium chloride. Comparative tests were also made on the absorption of ammonia from air‐ammonia mixtures into dilute sulphuric acid in the wetted wall column. The experimental results have shown that in normal conditions gas drying by calcium chloride solutions may be regarded as a case of predominantly gas film limitation. This information may be used in the design of gas or air drying towers using strong calcium chloride solution as desiccant.
Thermodynamics of adiabatic cross polarization (2008)

Using a spin-temperature approach, we describe a scheme of adiabatic cross polarization, based on demagnetization/remagnetization, when the Zeeman order of abundant nuclei in the laboratory frame is first adiabatically converted into the dipolar order, and then, into the Zeeman order of rare nuclei. The scheme, implemented with two low-power frequency-sweeping pulses, is very efficient for static samples and can significantly increase polarization of rare nuclei, compared to the conventional Hartmann-Hahn cross polarization. The experimental examples are presented for a solid, liquid crystal, and small molecules in a liquid-crystalline solvent.
Adrenergic receptor antagonism induces neuroprotection and facilitates recovery from acute ischemic stroke (2019)

Spontaneous waves of cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) are induced in the setting of acute focal ischemia. CSD is linked to a sharp increase of extracellular K<sup>+</sup> that induces a long-lasting suppression of neural activity. Furthermore, CSD induces secondary irreversible damage in the ischemic brain, suggesting that K<sup>+</sup> homeostasis might constitute a therapeutic strategy in ischemic stroke. Here we report that adrenergic receptor (AdR) antagonism accelerates normalization of extracellular K<sup>+</sup>, resulting in faster recovery of neural activity after photothrombotic stroke. Remarkably, systemic adrenergic blockade before or after stroke facilitated functional motor recovery and reduced infarct volume, paralleling the preservation of the water channel aquaporin-4 in astrocytes. Our observations suggest that AdR blockers promote cerebrospinal fluid exchange and rapid extracellular K<sup>+</sup> clearance, representing a potent potential intervention for acute stroke.
Deterministic trapping, encapsulation and retrieval of single-cells (2017)

We present a novel method for conducting true single-cell encapsulation at very high efficiency for the manipulation of precious samples. Our unique strategy is based on the sequential capture and original encapsulation of single-cells into a series of hydrodynamic traps. We identified two distinct modes of encapsulation and we established their associated design rules. We improved the trapping scheme to reach a near perfect capture efficiency and make it compatible with the encapsulation process. Finally, we developed the complete device operation that permits highly efficient single-cell encapsulation and droplet retrieval. This platform provides the foundation to a fully integrated multiparameter platform that will impact the analysis of tissues at single-cell resolution.