gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First Detection of Heartland Virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) from Field Collected Arthropods (2013)

Heartland virus (HRTV), the first pathogenic Phlebovirus (Family: Bunyaviridae) discovered in the United States, was recently described from two Missouri farmers. In 2012, we collected 56,428 ticks representing three species at 12 sites including both patients' farms. Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis accounted for nearly all ticks collected. Ten pools composed of deplete nymphs of A. americanum collected at a patient farm and a nearby conservation area were reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction positive, and eight pools yielded viable viruses. Sequence data from the nonstructural protein of the Small segment indicates that tick strains and human strains are very similar, ≥ 97.6% sequence identity. This is the first study to isolate HRTV from field-collected arthropods and to implicate ticks as potential vectors. Amblyomma americanum likely becomes infected by feeding on viremic hosts during the larval stage, and transmission to humans occurs during the spring and early summer when nymphs are abundant and actively host seeking.
GaAs/AlGaAs traveling-wave electro-optic modulators (1997)

A GaAs/AlGaAs traveling wave Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator with novel slow wave electrodes was fabricated on undoped epitaxial layers. Using appropriate electrode engineering velocity matching with matched impedance and low microwave loss was achieved. Device had a measured electrical bandwidth greater than 40 GHz at 1.55 micrometer. The measured bandwidth at 1.3 micrometer was 37 GHz. The mechanism limiting the bandwidth was identified as phase velocity matching rather than group velocity matching.
Human tau filaments induce microtubule and synapse loss in an in vivo model of neurofibrillary degenerative disease (2000)

The intracellular accumulation of tau protein and its aggregation into filamentous deposits is the intracellular hallmark of neurofibrillary degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease and familial tauopathies in which tau is now thought to play a critical pathogenic role. Until very recently, the lack of a cellular model in which human tau filaments can be experimentally generated has prevented direct investigation of the causes and consequences of tau filament formation in vivo. In this study, we show that human tau filaments formed in lamprey central neurons (ABCs) that chronically overexpress human tau resemble the 'straight filaments' seen in Alzheimer's Disease and other neurofibrillary conditions, and are distinguishable from neurofilaments by their ultrastructure, distribution and intracellular behavior. We also show that tau filament formation in ABCs is associated with a distinctive pattern of dendritic degeneration that closely resembles the cytopathology of human neurofibrillary degenerative disease. This pattern includes localized cytoskeletal disruption and aggregation of membranous organelles, distal dendritic beading, and the progressive loss of dendritic microtubules and synapses. These results suggest that tau filament formation may be responsible for many key cytopathological features of neurofibrillary degeneration, possibly via the loss of microtubule based intracellular transport.
Coupled Proton and Electron Transfer: Adsorbed Anthraquinone‐2‐carboxylic Acid Monolayers (1997)

Monolayers of anthraquinone‐2‐carboxylic acid (2‐AQCA) were formed by reversible adsorption onto mercury microelectrodes. Cyclic voltammetry of these monolayers, conducted in low‐pH perchlorate containing electrolytic solutions, is nearly ideal. The dependence of the surface coverage on the bulk concentration is accurately described by the Langmuir isotherm for concentrations up to . A limiting surface coverage of and an adsorption coefficient of were observed. Chronoamperometry, conducted on a microsecond time scale, was used to measure the double‐layer capacitance as the applied potential and concentration of 2‐AQCA were varied systematically. Capacitance data were used to determine the adsorption isotherms as the deposition potential was varied systematically from −0.400 to +0.300 V. The magnitude of the free energy of adsorption changed significantly, with values of −42.8 ± 1.1 and observed for fully reduced and oxidized monolayers, respectively. Chronoamperometry was used to probe the rate of heterogeneous electron transfer, k, across the metal/monolayer interface. Tafel plots of ln k vs. overpotential were linear over the range ±0.300 V, and in , a standard heterogeneous electron‐transfer rate constant of was obtained.
Joint Institute for Nanoscience Annual Report 2003 (2004)

The Joint Institute for Nanoscience (JIN) is a cooperative venture of the University of Washington and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to encourage and enhance high-impact and high-quality nanoscience and nanotechnology of all types. This first annual report for the JIN summarizes activities beginning in 2001 and ending at the close of fiscal year 2003 and therefore represents somewhat less than two years of activities. Major portions of the JIN resources are dedicated to funding graduate students and postdoctoral research associates to perform research in collaborations jointly directed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) staff scientists and University of Washington (UW) professors. These fellowships were awarded on the basis of applications that included research proposals. JIN co-sponsors an annual Nanoscale Science and Technology Workshop held in Seattle. In addition to involving PNNL staff in various UW nanoscience courses and seminars, a National Science Foundation grant Development of UW-PNL Collaborative Curriculums in Nano-Science and Technology has allowed the development of three intensive short courses that are taught by UW faculty, PNNL staff, and faculty from other institutions, including Washington State University, the University of Idaho, Stanford University, and the University of Alaska. The initial JIN agreement recognized that expansion of cooperation beyond UW and PNNL would be highly valuable. Starting in early 2003, efforts were initiated to form a regional communication link called the Northwest Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Network (N₄). In concept, N₄ is a tool to encourage communication and help identify regional resources and nanoscience and technology activities.
SRAM cell design with minimum number of transistor (2014)

This paper present Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cell with minimum number of transistor. A conventional SRAM cell requires 6 transistors having two nodes contains normal and complimented data. The scaling of CMOS technology has significant impacts on working of SRAM cell. In 4T cell reading and writing has been performed by each node separately [1]. In this paper SRAM cell (2T) designed and comparison between them made in terms of power consumed, access time and PDP. A 2T cell contains single node, read and write performed through same node. It is found that in 2T cell area reduces by more than 66% maintaining same access time but at the cost of power consumption.
The Measurement of Driver Performance (1972)

Four subjects drove the same car over a predetermined route with approximately ten replications each. Measurements of driver performance were derived from data collected photographically. Individual patterns of behaviour were identified and measured. A hypothesis is proposed whereby a driver's performance may be specified.
Human DDX3 functions in translation and interacts with the translation initiation factor eIF3 (2008)

The conserved RNA helicase DDX3 is of major medical importance due to its involvement in numerous cancers, human hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV. Although DDX3 has been reported to have a wide variety of cellular functions, its precise role remains obscure. Here, we raised a new antibody to DDX3 and used it to show that DDX3 is evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm at steady state. Consistent with this observation, HA-tagged DDX3 also localizes to the cytoplasm. RNAi of DDX3 in both human and Drosophila cells shows that DDX3 is required for cell viability. Moreover, using RNAi, we show that DDX3 is required for expression of protein from reporter constructs. In contrast, we did not detect a role for DDX3 in nuclear steps in gene expression. Further insight into the function of DDX3 came from the observation that its major interaction partner is the multi-component translation initiation factor eIF3. We conclude that a primary function for DDX3 is in protein translation, via an interaction with eIF3.
Physical and functional characterization of the gene cluster encoding the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine in Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (1992)

Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea PG4180 produces the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine. The coronatine synthesis genes in PG4180 were previously shown to reside on a 90-kb plasmid designated p4180A. In the present study, clones containing a 34-kb region of p4180A were saturated with Tn5, and 71 unique mutations were recombined into p4180A by marker exchange. The effect of each mutation on coronatine synthesis was determined by analyzing the organic acids produced by the mutants by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The organic acids of selected mutants were derivatized to their methyl esters and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mutations in a 20.5-kb region of p4180A completely blocked the synthesis of coronafacic acid and coronatine. Mutations within a 4.4-kb region of p4180A prevented the formation of coronatine but allowed for production of coronafacic acid, coronafacoylvaline, coronafacoylisoleucine, and coronafacoylalloisoleucine. The phenotypes of selected mutants were further confirmed in feeding experiments in which coronafacic acid or coronamic acid was added to the culture media. The results of this study allow us to speculate on the likely sequence of steps in the later stages of coronatine biosynthesis.
Familial pericentric inversion (10) and its effect on two offspring. (1984)

A pericentric inversion (10)(p15q24) was observed in three generations of a family. One daughter of the inversion carrier was found to have the inv(10) and trisomy 18. The other offspring had a recombinant (10) chromosome.
A Self-Assembling Process in Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering (2006)

Current therapies for articular cartilage defects often result in fibrocartilaginous tissue. To achieve regeneration with hyaline articular cartilage, tissue-engineering approaches employing cell-seeded scaffolds have been investigated. However, limitations of scaffolds include phenotypic alteration of cells, stress-shielding, hindrance of neotissue organization, and degradation product toxicity. This study employs a self-assembling process to produce tissue-engineered constructs over agarose in vitro without using a scaffold. Compared to past studies using various meshes and gels as scaffolding materials, the self-assembly method yielded constructs with comparable GAG and collagen content. By 12 weeks, the self-assembling process resulted in tissue-engineered constructs that were hyaline- like in appearance with histological, biochemical, and biomechanical properties approaching those of native articular cartilage. Overall, constructs contained two thirds more GAG per dry weight than calf articular cartilage. Collagen per dry weight reached more than one third the level of native tissue. IHC and gel electrophoresis showed collagen type II production and absence of collagen type I. More importantly, self-assembled constructs reached well over one third the stiffness of native tissue.
Optimized irregular Gallager codes for OFDM transmission (2003)

We present an optimized channel coding scheme for OFDM transmitter. Traditional coding methods use regular codes, in the sense that each bit participates in the same way to the channel encoding. Our approach consists in using a priory assumption on the channel available at the transmitter in order to optimize the coding scheme. We have considered the irregular Gallager block codes in our study. Simulations provide evidence of the usefulness of our approach with a gain of 2 dB at a bit error rate equal to 10/sup -5/ for optimized irregular coding scheme compared to regular one.
Three-dimensional retinal organoids from mouse pluripotent stem cells mimic <i>in vivo</i> development with enhanced stratification and rod photoreceptor differentiation. (2016)

The 3D retinal organoids, generated by HIPRO method, closely mimic <i>in vivo</i> retinogenesis and provide an efficient <i>in vitro</i> model to investigate photoreceptor development and modeling disease pathology.
Human++: Emerging Technology for Body Area Networks (2006)

This paper gives an overview of results of the Human++ research program. This research aims to achieve highly miniaturized and autonomous transducer systems that assist our health and comfort. It combines expertise in wireless ultra-low power communications, 3D integration technologies, MEMS energy scavenging techniques and low-power design techniques
Assessment of Serum CA 19.9 as a Tumour Marker in Patients with Carcinoma of the Bladder and Prostate (1987)

CA 19.9, a carbohydrate structure definable by a monoclonal antibody, is a useful tumour marker in the serum of patients with gastrointestinal malignancy. We report for the first time an assessment of its value in patients with cancer of the bladder and prostate. Elevated levels were found in six of 12 patients with invasive or metastatic bladder cancer but in only two of eight patients with superficial tumours. All patients with cancer of the prostate had levels within the normal range. A long-term study of its value in monitoring disease activity in patients with cancer of the bladder is warranted.
Intrathecal Administration of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Attenuates Formalin-Induced Nociceptive Responses in Mice (2010)

We showed that intrathecally administered BoNT/A may have a central analgesic effect on inflammatory pain through the modulation of central sensitization. BoNT/A, with its long-lasting antinociceptive effect, may be a useful analgesic in inflammatory pain.
A randomized study with the pineal hormone melatonin versus supportive care alone in patients with brain metastases due to solid neoplasms (1994)

The pineal hormone melatonin may be able to improve the survival time and the quality of life in patients with brain metastases due to solid tumors.
Linear Text Segmentation Using Affinity Propagation (2011)

This paper presents a new algorithm for linear text segmentation. It is an adaptation of Affinity Propagation, a state-of-the-art clustering algorithm in the framework of factor graphs. Affinity Propagation for Segmentation, or APS, receives a set of pairwise similarities between data points and produces segment boundaries and segment centres -- data points which best describe all other data points within the segment. APS iteratively passes messages in a cyclic factor graph, until convergence. Each iteration works with information on all available similarities, resulting in high-quality results. APS scales linearly for realistic segmentation tasks. We derive the algorithm from the original Affinity Propagation formulation, and evaluate its performance on topical text segmentation in comparison with two state-of-the art segmenters. The results suggest that APS performs on par with or outperforms these two very competitive baselines.
Redox Shuttles for Lithium-Ion Batteries at Concentrations up to 1 M Using an Electroactive Ionic Liquid Based on 2,5-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene (2015)

In this work, we designed two redox shuttles with high solubility (up to 1 M) in conventional carbonate-based lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrolytes. At this high concentration, redox shuttles ensure improved overcharge protection than lower concentrations. We developed electroactive imidazolium salts by modifying imidazolium with 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene. Two salts with the cation 1-(3-(2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl)-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium (EMIm) were synthesized using either hexafluorophosphate (DDB-EMIm-PF<inf>6</inf>) or bis(trifluromethanesulfonyl)amide (DDB-EMIm-TFSI)) anions. The electrochemical properties of DDB-EMIm-PF<inf>6</inf> and DDB-EMIm-TFSI dissolved in ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate (EC:DEC), in the presence of either LiPF<inf>6</inf> or LiTFSI, were evaluated. Cyclic voltammetry showed a compatible potential (∼3.85 V vs. Li/Li+) for use in LIBs using LiFePO4 as cathodes. Electrolytes using 0.1 M of DDB-EMIm-PF<inf>6</inf> or 0.3, 0.7 and 1 M of DDB-EMIm-TFSI were prepared and evaluated in Li/LiFePO<inf>4</inf> (LFP) test cells to demonstrate overcharge protection. Electrochemical cycling at C/10 showed an overcharge protection for all concentrations of the redox ionic salts under 100% overcharge conditions. Among these salts, DDBEMIm-TFSI, at a concentration of 0.7 M, was effective in shuttling excess current for over 200 cycles, representing over 6000 operating hours, while maintaining nominal values for the discharge capacity of LiFePO<inf>4</inf>.
Extrusion of CP Grade Titanium Powders Eliminating the Need for Hot Pre-Compaction via Hot Isostatic Pressing (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
High-power and highly-reliable operation of 0.98-μm lasers with an exponential-shaped flared stripe (2002)

A 0.98 /spl mu/m InGaAs/InGaAsP/GaAs strained-quantum-well laser with an exponential-shaped-flared stripe was studied. Its maximum output power with the same kink-occurrence output power was 40-60 % higher than that of ordinary straight-stripe lasers. A 150-mW lifetest showed the stable operation with an estimated lifetime of more than 200,000 hours.
The Prognostic Value of CD38 Expression and its Quantification in B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL) (2003)

A large number of prognostic factors are available to help predict the outcome of patients who present with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). These include clinical stage, leukemic cell morphology, lymphocyte doubling time, the pattern of infiltration in bone marrow trephine biopsies, cytogenetic abnormalities, p53 function and serum factors such as beta-2 microglobulin. Two recently described major prognostic factors are immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IgVH) mutation status and cell membrane expression of CD38. These are both highly significant independent prognostic factors, but are not closely correlated. Whereas IgVH mutational status is a time consuming and demanding technique, only available in a limited number of centres, CD38 expression by flow cytometry is relatively simple and rapidly obtained in most diagnostic laboratories. The predictive value of CD38 expression is enhanced by measurement of antigen density in terms of antibody binding capacity (ABC) rather than as the percentage of cells expressing the antigen. ABC correlates closely with relative median fluorescence (RMF), a parameter which is even more simply and cheaply obtained by flow cytometry. One of these methods of determining CD38 expression should be employed routinely. Recent work suggests that membrane ZAP-70 expression determined by flow cytometry will prove to be an accurate proxy for IgVH mutational status and this assay will be within the reach of any laboratory skilled in flow cytometry. The combination of ZAP-70 expression, CD38 antigen density, p53 function and the concentration of serum factors such as soluble CD23, is likely to provide extremely accurate prognostic information in future studies. This will assist in identifying Stage A patients who may benfit from early and/or more intensive treatment, as well as Stage B and C patients who may require alternative treatment strategies at the outset.
The behavioural actions of the hypothalamic peptides: a review (1978)

SYNOPSIS Recent work has shown that the hypothalamic peptides commonly associated with the control of pituitary function have important behavioural actions of possible psychiatric significance. Thus, vasopressin, ACTH and like peptides may influence memory processes, and ACTH and MSH given intracranially induce a peculiar stretching and yawning syndrome accompanied by penile erection and ejaculation. Thyrotrophic hormone-releasing factor potentiates behavioural excitation, somatostatin is depressive, while luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone facilitates sexual behaviour and the newly identified endorphins are markedly opioid in character. These and other activities of the hypothalamic peptides are reviewed and assessed alongside the clinical information available.
Overview of research efforts on media ISA extensions and their usage in video coding (2002)

This paper summarizes the results of over 25 research groups or individual researchers that have presented video coding implementations on general-purpose processors with the new single instruction multiple data media instruction set architecture extensions. The extensions are introduced and the fundamentals for extensions, as well as some inherent problems, are explained. The reported attempts to utilize the extensions are divided into kernel- and application-level, as well as platform dependent and independent optimizations. Optimized applications include, in addition to some proprietary methods, all of the major video coding standards such as H.261, H.263, MPEG-4, MPEG-1, and MPEG-2. These optimized implementations include a complete video codec, several decoders, and several encoders. Additionally, a performance comparison is given for four representative encoder implementations based on the reported results. Also included is an overview of future trends for new instructions and architectural speed-up techniques.
Ground based infrared astronomy (1988)

Infrared spectroscopic instrumentation has been developed for ground-based measurements of astrophysical objects in the intermediate infrared. A conventional Michelson interferometer is limited for astronomical applications in the intermediate infrared by quantum noise fluctuations in the radiation form the source and/or background incident on the detector, and the multiplex advantage is no longer available. One feasible approach to recovering the multiplex advantage is post-dispersion. The infrared signal after passing through telescope and interferometer, is dispersed by a low resolution grating spectrometer onto an array of detectors. The feasibility of the post-dispersion system has been demonstrated with observations of astrophysical objects in the 5 and 10 micrometer atmospheric windows from ground-based telescopes. During FY87/88 the post-disperser was used at the Kitt Peak 4-meter telescope and McMath telescope with facility Fourier transform spectrometers. Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, and Venus were observed. On Jupiter, the resolution at 12 micrometer was 0.01/cm, considerably higher than had been acheived previously. The spectrum contains Jovian ethane and acetylene emission. Construction was begun on the large cryogenic grating spectrometer.