gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Out of Mind, Out of Sight (2010)

Mind wandering, in which cognitive processing of the external environment decreases in favor of internal processing (Small-wood & Schooler, 2006), has been consistently associated with errors on tasks requiring sustained attention and continu-ous stimulus monitoring (e.g., Cheyne, Carriere, & Smilek, 2006; Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, & Yiend, 1997; Smallwood et al., 2004). Consistent with this finding, recent neuroimaging studies suggest that mind wandering engages the default neural network (Christoff, Gordon, Smallwood, Smith, & Schooler, 2009; Mason et al., 2007; Smallwood, Beach, Schooler, & Handy, 2008; Weissman, Roberts, Viss-cher, & Woldorff, 2006) and is associated with decreased neu-ral analysis of incoming information (Christoff et al., 2009; Smallwood, Beach, et al., 2008; Weissman et al., 2006). Here, we propose that mind wandering also involves overt embodied components whereby external input is blocked at the sensory endings. We demonstrate that during an extended period of reading, episodes of mind wandering, compared with on-task periods, contain more eye closures (blinks) and fewer fixa-tions on the text―even as subjects continue to scan the text.The present investigation is based on the idea that blink rate might serve to modulate trade-offs between attention to mind-wandering thoughts and to external task-related stimuli. Blinks reduce processing of external stimuli in two ways―by physi-cally closing the eyelid and by generating cortical suppression of visual processing both before and after the time of actual lid closure (Bristow, Frith, & Rees, 2005; Bristow, Haynes, Syl-vester, Frith, & Rees, 2005; Ridder & Tomlinson, 1997; Volk-mann, 1986). Increasing the rate of such visual interruptions may facilitate a shift in the balance of processing from exter-nal stimuli to internal thoughts. Consistent with these consid-erations, evidence suggests that an increase in eye blinks is associated with errors in vigilance to external stimuli (Papadelis et al., 2007; Poulton & Gregory, 1952; Van Orden, Jung, & Makeig, 2000) and with conflict between internal and external workload (Recarte, Perez, Conchillo, & Nunes, 2008).To assess the relation between eye blinks and mind wandering, we compared blink rates during probe-caught epi-sodes of mind wandering and on-task periods of reading. Mind-wandering episodes during reading are relatively fre-quent; everyone has experienced interfering thoughts that compromise reading (Reichle, Reineberg, & Schooler, in press; Schooler, Reichle, & Halpern, 2004; Smallwood, McSpadden, & Schooler, 2008), and it is possible to even find oneself at the end of a page with no recollection of having processed the material just “read.” Such
Biting Deterrent Activity of a Deet Analog, Two DEPA Analogs, and SS220 Applied Topically to Human Volunteers Compared with Deet Against Three Species of Blood-Feeding Flies: Table 1 (2006)

An earlier in vitro screening of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (Deet) and N,Ndiethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) analogs showed that two DEPA analogs, N, N-diethyl(3-bromophenyl)acetamide and N, N-diethyl[(,,-triuoro-m-tolyl)]acetamide, and one Deet analog, N, N,diethyl[3-(triuoromethyl)]benzamide, had biting-deterrent activities that were superior to Deet against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles stephensi Liston. In the current study, the three analogs and (1S,2S)-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (SS220) were applied topically to the skin of human volunteers at 24 nmol compound/cm 2 skin and compared with the activity of Deet at the same dose against biting by Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi, and Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli females. SS220 proved to be as effective as Deet against Ae. aegypti and P. papatasi but more effective than Deet against An. stephensi. Contrary to the earlier in vitro tests, results with humans (in vivo testing) showed that neither of the DEPA analogs nor the Deet analog performed more effectively than Deet against the insects. The in vivo results showed that the analogs were not sufciently effective to warrant further development. Notably, in vivo and in vitro methods used in discovery of personal protection chemicals for human use against blood-feeding ies can both be effective discriminating tools, but results obtained with the respective methods may not always agree. Ultimately, we surmise that in vivo testing methods with humans must be used to discriminate among compounds that supercially seem effective when screened using an in vitro method. KEY WORDS N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, (1S,2S)-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide, N, N-diethyl(3-bromophenyl)acetamide, N,N-diethyl[(,,-triuoro-m-tolyl)]acetamide, N,N,-diethyl[3-(triuoromethyl)]benzamide
DC cable sensors for locating underwater telecommunication cables (2002)

In this paper, three novel cable-locating methods for underwater vehicles are presented. In those methods, tri-axial flux gate magnetometers are used to detect the static magnetic field induced by direct current flowing in underwater cables. The position and laying direction of the cable are calculated and displayed on an onboard display. The sea trial was carried out successfully in February 1996. In the experiment, the underwater cable, in which direct current of one ampere was flowing, was accurately located from distance of five meters. The results of the experiment and the theory are described.
Cardiac Titin and Heart Disease (2013)

The giant sarcomeric protein titin is a key determinant of myocardial passive stiffness and stress-sensitive signaling. Titin stiffness is modulated by isoform variation, phosphorylation by protein kinases, and, possibly, oxidative stress through disulfide bond formation. Titin has also emerged as an important human disease gene. Early studies in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) revealed shifts toward more compliant isoforms, an adaptation that offsets increases in passive stiffness based on the extracellular matrix. Similar shifts are observed in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. In contrast, hypophosphorylation of PKA/G sites contributes to a net increase in cardiomyocyte resting tension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. More recently, titin mutations have been recognized as the most common etiology of inherited DCM. In addition, some DCM-causing mutations affect RBM20, a titin splice factor. Titin mutations are a rare cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and also underlie some cases of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Finally, mutations of genes encoding proteins that interact with and/or bind to titin are responsible for both DCM and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Targeting titin as a therapeutic strategy is in its infancy, but it could potentially involve manipulation of isoforms, posttranslational modifications, and upregulation of normal protein in patients with disease-causing mutations.
Augmenting IoT-based Systems with Intelligence (2018)

As IoT devices proliferate, platforms and programming environments to develop IoT-based systems are becoming commonplace. However, the current models of development will soon prove to be inadequate due to the exploding scale, variety and dynamism in the IoT ecosystems, which is making it imperative that these systems manage and operate themselves in an autonomous fashion. Specifically, IoT-based systems must be able to adapt themselves intelligently to changes in the device hardware and software, the context and context-dependent policies and continue delivering to the requirements. Unfortunately, current IoT platforms and programming environments do not have any native support for such intelligence. In order to address this lacuna, we suggest additional components and APIs that can support intelligent autonomy based on the MAPE-K (Monitor, Analyze, Plan, Execute, Knowledge) architecture. The solution is demonstrated through a couple of concrete case studies implemented using IoT sensors and actuators on Raspberry Pi boards, openHAB - a popular IoT automation environment, Metric-FF - a well-known search-based AI planner and Leshan, an LwM2M platform for providing the sensing and actuation interfaces of the IoT devices.
Towards a performance interference-aware virtual machine placement strategy for supporting soft real-time applications in the cloud. (2014)

Abstract—It is standard practice for cloud service providers (CSPs) to overbook physical system resources to maximize the resource utilization and make their business model more profitable. Resource overbooking can lead to performance interference, however, among the virtual machines (VMs) hosted on the physical resources causing performance un-predictability for soft real-time applications hosted in the VMs, which is unacceptable to these applications. Balancing these conflicting requirements needs a careful design of the placement strategies for hosting soft real-time applications such that the performance interference effects are minimized while still allowing resource overbooking. These placement decisions cannot be made offline because workloads change at run time. Moreover, satisfying the priorities of collocated VMs may require VM migrations, which require an online solution. This paper presents a machine learning-based, online placement solution to this problem where the system is trained using a publicly available trace of a large data center owned by Google. Our approach first classifies the VMs based on their historic mean CPU and memory usage, and performance features. Subsequently, it learns the best patterns of collocating the classified VMs by employing machine learning techniques. These extracted patterns are those that provide the lowest performance interference level on the specified host machines making them amenable to hosting soft real-time applications while still allowing resource overbooking. Keywords-virtual machine placement, cloud computing, per-formance interference, resource overbooking, application QoS. I.
Performance improvement of real-time 3D imaging ladar based on a modified array receiver (2012)

In the previous study, we have demonstrated the first development result of the 3D imaging LADAR (LAser Detection And Ranging) which can obtain the 3D data using linear array receiver. The system consists of in-house-made key components. The linear array receiver consists of the previously reported APD (Avalanche Photo Diode) array, the ROIC (Read Out Integrated Circuit) array assembled in one package, and the transmitting optics using pupil divide method which realizes a uniform illumination on a target. In this paper, we report the advanced 3D imaging LADAR with improved ROIC. The ROIC has the function to set the optimum threshold for pulse peak detection in each element and switch the measurement range width on a case by case basis. Moreover, the response of MUX in ROIC is improved. Installing this ROIC, we realized 256× 256 pixels range imaging with an on-line frame rate of more than 30 Hz. Then, we tried online object detection with the obtained 3D image using a simple detection algorithm. We demonstrated system has the potential to detect the object even in the scene with some clutters.
Characteristics of driver and receiver circuits with a passive transmission line in RSFQ circuits (2000)

We report simulated results of-rapid single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits having driver, receiver, and passive transmission lines for propagating SFQ pulses to investigate the design criteria. We have studied the equivalent input/output resistance of the driver/receiver in various bias conditions and found that the resistance is almost proportional to the bias current of the driver/receiver. Furthermore, we have proposed inserting a series resistor at the end of the superconducting passive transmission line (PTL) for avoiding undesirable flux trapping in the loop and for isolation in regard to the DC current. We also found that the reduction of the bias margin due to the resistance is rather small when the resistance is much smaller than the impedance of the PTL. An operating margin of more than 30% was obtained in the driver/receiver circuits including the PTL and the series resistor.
Effect of dose on the immune response and persistence of Salmonella choleraesuis infection in swine (1996)

Persistence of S choleraesuis in host tissues is dose dependent. Short-term persistence can occur after a dose as low as 10(6) colony-forming units of S choleraesuis. Higher doses result in development of long-term carrier status, which may be related to the observed lymphocyte immunosuppression.
On the Structure and Function of the Phytoene Desaturase CRTI from Pantoea ananatis, a Membrane-Peripheral and FAD-Dependent Oxidase/Isomerase (2012)

CRTI-type phytoene desaturases prevailing in bacteria and fungi can form lycopene directly from phytoene while plants employ two distinct desaturases and two cis-tans isomerases for the same purpose. This property renders CRTI a valuable gene to engineer provitamin A-formation to help combat vitamin A malnutrition, such as with Golden Rice. To understand the biochemical processes involved, recombinant CRTI was produced and obtained in homogeneous form that shows high enzymatic activity with the lipophilic substrate phytoene contained in phosphatidyl-choline (PC) liposome membranes. The first crystal structure of apo-CRTI reveals that CRTI belongs to the flavoprotein superfamily comprising protoporphyrinogen IX oxidoreductase and monoamine oxidase. CRTI is a membrane-peripheral oxidoreductase which utilizes FAD as the sole redox-active cofactor. Oxygen, replaceable by quinones in its absence, is needed as the terminal electron acceptor. FAD, besides its catalytic role also displays a structural function by enabling the formation of enzymatically active CRTI membrane associates. Under anaerobic conditions the enzyme can act as a carotene cis-trans isomerase. In silico-docking experiments yielded information on substrate binding sites, potential catalytic residues and is in favor of single half-site recognition of the symmetrical C(40) hydrocarbon substrate.
Light scattering from a sphere on or near a surface (1991)

The light-scattering problem of a sphere on or near a plane surface is solved by using an extension of the Mie theory. The approach taken is to solve the boundary conditions at the sphere and at the surface simultaneously and to develop the scattering amplitude and Mueller scattering matrices. This is performed by projecting the fields in the half-space region not including the sphere multiplied by an appropriate Fresnel reflection coefficient onto the half-space region including the sphere. An assumption is that the scattered fields from the sphere, reflecting off the surface and interacting with the sphere, are incident upon the surface at near-normal incidence. The exact solution is asymptotically approached when either the sphere is a large distance from the surface or the refractive index of the surface approaches infinity.
Security considerations for the WirelessHART protocol (2009)

WirelessHART is a secure and reliable communication standard for industrial process automation. The WirelessHART specifications are well organized in all aspects except security: there are no separate specifications of security requirements or features. Rather, security mechanisms are described throughout the documentation. This hinders implementation of the standard and development of applications since it requires profound knowledge of all the core specifications on the part of the developer. In this paper we provide a comprehensive overview of WirelessHART security: we analyze the provided security mechanisms against well known threats in the wireless medium, and propose recommendations to mitigate shortcomings. Furthermore, we elucidate the specifications of the security manager, its placement in the network, and interaction with the network manager.
Leakage phenomena in ring-type current transformers (1934)

The paper describes an investigation of the effects of leakage flux on the performance of ring-type current transformers with uniformly-distributed secondary windings. If the primary ampere-turns are concentrated on one part of the core, large leakage fluxes are superposed on the working flux, and these cause premature saturation of parts of the core, with a resultant rapid rise in the ratio of primary to secondary current. A copper shield of special design was made for a 10000/5 transformer, and when fitted it was found to reduce the leakage fluxes to one-frith of the value existing without the shield. Saturation of the Gore, which started at about two-fifths of full load without the shield in position, did not begin until twice full load was reached when the shield was fitted. The ratio error of this transformer was 35 per cent at full load without the shield in position, and was 1 part in 10000 at full load with the shield in position. A shield of similar design fitted to a 20000/5 transformer reduced the ratio error at load from 67 per cent to less than 1 part in 10 000.
Performance of a multi-profile critical care testing analyzer (2007)

This analyzer is suitable as a simple and fast diagnostic tool in the laboratory and the critical care unit. However, users should be aware of biases that may lead to clinically significant errors in the assessment of acid-base status.
Immuno-oncology combinations: raising the tail of the survival curve (2016)

There have been exponential gains in immuno-oncology in recent times through the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors also appear to have significant antitumor activity in multiple other tumor types. An exciting component of immunotherapy is the durability of antitumor responses observed, with some patients achieving disease control for many years. Nevertheless, not all patients benefit, and efforts should thus now focus on improving the efficacy of immunotherapy through the use of combination approaches and predictive biomarkers of response and resistance. There are multiple potential rational combinations using an immunotherapy backbone, including existing treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy or molecularly targeted agents, as well as other immunotherapeutics. The aim of such antitumor strategies will be to raise the tail on the survival curve by increasing the number of long term survivors, while managing any additive or synergistic toxicities that may arise with immunotherapy combinations. Rational trial designs based on a clear understanding of tumor biology and drug pharmacology remain paramount. This article reviews the biology underpinning immuno-oncology, discusses existing and novel immunotherapeutic combinations currently in development, the challenges of predictive biomarkers of response and resistance and the impact of immuno-oncology on early phase clinical trial design.
Enhancement of Interdecadal Climate Variability in the Sahel by Vegetation Interaction (1999)

The role of naturally varying vegetation in influencing the climate variability in the West African Sahel is explored in a coupled atmosphere-land-vegetation model. The Sahel rainfall variability is influenced by sea-surface temperature variations in the oceans. Land-surface feedback is found to increase this variability both on interannual and interdecadal time scales. Interactive vegetation enhances the interdecadal variation substantially but can reduce year-to-year variability because of a phase lag introduced by the relatively slow vegetation adjustment time. Variations in vegetation accompany the changes in rainfall, in particular the multidecadal drying trend from the 1950s to the 1980s.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer and the Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality (2007)

The use of ADT appears to be associated with an increased risk of death from cardiovascular causes in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.
Syntheses of Pterocarpans, II. Synthesis of Both the Enantiomers of Pisatin (1989)

Abstract The first synthesis of (+)‐pisatin [(+)‐ 11 ] was achieved by resolving (±)‐ 6 , which in turn was prepared from the isoflavone derivative 1 . The unnatural (‐)‐pisatin [(‐)‐ 11 ] was also synthesized.
Recherches sur les cyanamides métalliques (1932)

Au cours du présent travail nous avons observé les faits nouveaux suivants: (1) Le carbure de sodium réagit ave l'ammoniac gazeux en ne conduisant jusqu'à 300° qu'à la formation de cyanamide et d'acétylène. Au-dessus de cette température la vitesse de réaction augmente et l'on observe en outre une formation graduelle de cyanure. Le mécanisme de la réaction semble être le suivant: le produit primaire d'action de l'ammoniac est l'amidure. La réaction génératrice de la cyanamide est une action directe du carbure sur l'amidure ainsi formé, tandis que le cyanure est le résultat d'une fixation spontanée et lente de carbone par la cyanamide.
Use of a Hinged External Fixator for Elbow Instability After Severe Distal Humeral Fracture (2000)

The authors report the case of a forty-year-old man who developed acute elbow instability after fixation of an open, comminuted distal humeral fracture. Treatment with a hinged, external elbow fixator was successful in reestablishing elbow stability and a functional range of elbow motion. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the use of this device for acute elbow instability after distal humeral fracture fixation has not been previously reported.
Increased NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor)oxidoreductase activity is associated with density-dependent growth inhibition of normal but not transformed cells. (1993)

The activity of DT-diaphorase [NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor)oxidoreductase] is increased 7-fold in wild-type BALB/c 3T3T cells as they reach confluence and become density growth arrested. Harvesting and replating the cells at low density resulted in a loss of DT-diaphorase with a half time of 7 h, and removal of serum from high-density growth-arrested cells resulted in a decrease in DT-diaphorase with a half time of 3 days. Platelet-derived growth factor and insulin together, but not singly, maintain elevated DT-diaphorase levels in high-density growth-arrested BALB/c 3T3T cells. The increase in DT-diaphorase at high density diminished proportionately to the extent of transformation in four cell lines, 4NQO-3T3T, UV-3T3T, EJras-3T3T. and CSV3-1-3T3T. The most transformed cell line, CSV3-1-3T3T, showed no increase in DT-diaphorase at high density. Since there was no increase in DT-diaphorase mRNA in high-density growth-arrested wild-type BALB/c 3T3T cells compared to rapidly growing cells, the increase in DT-diaphorase activity at high density is most likely due to posttranslational events. High-density growth-arrested wild-type BALB/c 3T3 cells exhibited a greater sensitivity to growth inhibition by the antitumor quinone diaziquone [1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,4- dicarbamic acid, 2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-dioxo-, diethyl ether], which is metabolically activated by DT-diaphorase, than do low-cell-density, growth-arrested cells. The significance of the increase in DT-diaphorase at high cell density in normal cells and its loss in transformed cells may be related to the phenomenon of density-dependent growth inhibition in nontransformed but not in transformed cells.