gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Independent Component Analysis With Adaptive Density Model to Complex-Valued fMRI Data (2011)

Independent component analysis (ICA) has proven quite useful for the analysis of real world datasets such as functional resonance magnetic imaging (fMRI) data, where the underlying nature of the data is hard to model. It is particularly useful for the analysis of fMRI data in its native complex form since very little is known about the nature of phase. Phase information has been discarded in most analyses as it is particularly noisy. In this paper, we show that a complex ICA approach using a flexible nonlinearity that adapts to the source density is the more desirable one for performing ICA of complex fMRI data compared to those that use fixed nonlinearity, especially when noise level is high. By adaptively matching the underlying fMRI density model, the analysis performance can be improved in terms of both the estimation of spatial maps and the task-related time courses, especially for the estimation of phase of the time course. We also define a procedure for analysis and visualization of complex-valued fMRI results, which includes the construction of bivariate t-maps for multiple subjects and a complex-valued ICASSO scheme for evaluating the consistency of ICA algorithms.
35.4 T field generated using a layer-wound superconducting coil made of (RE)Ba2Cu3O7−x (RE = rare earth) coated conductor (2011)

To explore the limits of layer wound (RE)Ba2Cu3O7−x (REBCO, RE = rare earth) coils in a high magnetic field environment &gt;30 T, a series of small insert coils have been built and characterized in background fields. One of the coils repeatedly reached 35.4 T using a single ∼100 m length of REBCO tape wet wound with epoxy and nested in a 31 T background magnet. The coil was quenched safely several times without degradation. Contributing to the success of this coil was the introduction of a thin polyester film that surrounded the conductor. This approach introduces a weak circumferential plane in the coil pack that prevents conductor delamination that has caused degradation of several epoxy impregnated coils previously made by this and other groups.
Preparation of metallic BEDT-TTF charge transfer complex of 3,3′,5,5′-tetranitro-4,4′-biphenyldiol dianion (TNBP2−) having flexible molecular shape (2000)

Two kinds of 3,3′,5,5′-tetranitro-4,4′-biphenyldiol dianion (TNBP2−) molecules having different dihedral angles (φ) between the two phenyl rings exist in the tetrabutylammonium salt of TNBP2− (φ = 0° and 35°), while only one kind of TNBP2− molecule exists in the tetraphenylphosphonium salt (φ = 0°). The 4∶1 cation radical salt of BEDT-TTF (ET) with TNBP2− asa counter anion is metallic down to 3 K. The ET molecules form a two-dimensional conducting layer which is sandwiched by the layers of flat TNBP2− molecules (φ = 0°). The crystal structure indicates the β″432-type stacking of tetramerized ET molecules which is caused by hydrogen bonds between the CH groups of ET and the oxygen atoms (nitro and phenol) of TNBP2−. The optical spectra in a KBr pellet are consistent with both the highly conductive and distorted structural nature. The magnetic susceptibility at room temperature is high (χ = 6.7 × 10−4 emu spin−1) compared with the conventional organic metal based on ET (χ = 3.4–5.5 × 10−4 emu spin−1) indicating strong electron correlation in the 4∶1 complex. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility suggests a semimetallic nature which is consistent with the calculated Fermi surface. The calculated band width is comparable to the estimated effective on-site Coulomb repulsive energy. A semiconductive behavior with high conductivity is observed in the nearly 2∶1 ET complex of TNBP2−. A partial charge transfer state of the ET molecules is supported by the optical spectra. The high conductivity and optical data suggest that the 2∶1 salt is not (ET1+)2(TNBP2−) but most plausibly (ET0.5+)2(HTNBP1−).
Subclass-specific serum antibody responses to recombinant Norwalk virus capsid antigen (rNV) in adults infected with Norwalk, Snow Mountain, or Hawaii virus (1993)

Subclass-specific antibody responses to the Norwalk virus capsid protein in adults challenged with Norwalk, Snow Mountain, or Hawaii virus were evaluated by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using recombinant Norwalk virus capsid antigen (rNV). Fourfold or greater serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses to rNV were detected in 15 of 20 volunteers challenged with Norwalk virus, and serum IgA and IgM antibody responses to rNV were seen in almost all subjects who had rNV IgG responses. Serum rNV IgG antibody responses also were detected in 6 of 15 volunteers challenged with Snow Mountain virus and 2 of 12 volunteers challenged with the Hawaii virus. However, the magnitude of antibody response and the geometric mean postchallenge rNV IgG antibody titers were lower in subjects challenged with Snow Mountain or Hawaii virus, and serum IgA and IgM responses generally did not occur.
Carprofen simultaneously reduces progression of morphological changes in cartilage and subchondral bone in experimental dog osteoarthritis. (2000)

Under therapeutic conditions, treatment with carprofen could reduce the progression of early structural changes in experimental OA. Carprofen treatment also delays and/or prevents the abnormal metabolism of subchondral osteoblasts in this model. The hypothesis of a possible link between the protective effect of carprofen and its effect on subchondral bone is of interest in the context of therapeutic intervention.
The hereditary renal cell carcinoma 3;8 translocation fuses <i>FHIT</i> to a <i>patched-</i> related gene, <i>TRC8</i> (1998)

The 3;8 chromosomal translocation, t(3;8)(p14.2;q24.1), was described in a family with classical features of hereditary renal cell carcinoma. Previous studies demonstrated that the 3p14.2 breakpoint interrupts the fragile histidine triad gene (FHIT) in its 5' noncoding region. However, evidence that FHIT is causally related to renal or other malignancies is controversial. We now show that the 8q24.1 breakpoint region encodes a 664-aa multiple membrane spanning protein, TRC8, with similarity to the hereditary basal cell carcinoma/segment polarity gene, patched. This similarity involves two regions of patched, the putative sterol-sensing domain and the second extracellular loop that participates in the binding of sonic hedgehog. In the 3;8 translocation, TRC8 is fused to FHIT and is disrupted within the sterol-sensing domain. In contrast, the FHIT coding region is maintained and expressed. In a series of sporadic renal carcinomas, an acquired TRC8 mutation was identified. By analogy to patched, TRC8 might function as a signaling receptor and other pathway members, to be defined, are mutation candidates in malignant diseases involving the kidney and thyroid.
Efficacy of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection for Leukocytospermia (2004)

White blood cells (WBCs) are present in most human ejaculates, but abnormally high concentration of seminal leukocytes may reflect an underlying pathological condition. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined leukocytospermia as status of more than 10? WBC/mL of semen. The purpose of this study was firstly, to compare the outcomes between conventional IVF and ICSI in leukocytospermia, and secondly, to investigate whether ICSI may be an alternation treatment for patients with leukocytospermia. Total 346 cycles of conventional IVF and ICSI candidates underwent IVF cycles at Eulji Hospital Infertility Clinic. Semen Parameters including concentration, motility, morphology of spermatozoa and concentration of leukocytes were assessed from the raw ejaculates. There was no difference in sperm concentration, motility and morphology. The rates of fertilization and good embryo development from ICSI were significantly higher than those from conventional IVF in leukocytospermia (60.4% & 32.5%, respectively for ICSI group and 44.4% & 28.5%, respectively for IVF group, P＜0.001). The pregnancy rate after ICSI was also higher than that from conventional IVF (34.0% vs 29.1%, P＜0.05). These results indicate that the presence of seminal leukocyes (＞1×10? WBC/mL of semen) is adversely related with fertilization, embryo development and pregnancy rate. Therfore the measurement of seminal leukocytes in routine semen analysis appears to be of prognostic value with regard to male fertilizing potential. In conclusion, it is suggested that ICSI is an alternative choice of treatment for patients with leukocytospermia.
Dielectric Cavity Resonator for ESR Experiments (1964)

A high Q, open boundary, microwave, resonant cavity suitable for electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is described and design data presented. The resonant structure employs a dielectric tube or rod separating two metal endplates. Samples may either be placed in the tube or prepared as rods and employed directly as the resonant medium. ESR measurements involving (1) the perylene ion, (2) Mn(II) in dilute sulfuric acid, and (3) ruby are reported to demonstrate the application of this device.
Plasmonic junctions with cucurbit[5]uril &lsquo;glue&rsquo;: fabrication of precise sub-nm junctions in gold nanoparticle assemblies (2011)

Aggregation of gold nanoparticles with rigid cucurbit[5]uril molecules generates fixed inter-particle separations of 0.91 nm. These nanoparticle assemblies possess discrete plasmonic modes which elucidate nanoscale growth and serve as molecular-recognition based SERS substrates.
Methods and tools for the automated configuration of distributed applications from reusable software architectures and components (1999)

A reuse-oriented perspective is taken to designing and implementing configurable distributed applications. An application domain is defined as a family of systems that have some features in common and others that differentiate them. During domain engineering, reusable specifications, architectures and component types are developed, which capture the similarities and variations of the family of systems that compose the application domain. Target systems are generated by tailoring the reusable specification and architecture given the requirements of the target system, and configuring a target system based on the tailored architecture. The paper describes a method and software engineering environment for configuring distributed applications from a reusable architecture and library of predefined component types.
Automatic image orientation detection via confidence-based integration of low-level and semantic cues (2005)

Automatic image orientation detection for natural images is a useful, yet challenging research topic. Humans use scene context and semantic object recognition to identify the correct image orientation. However, it is difficult for a computer to perform the task in the same way because current object recognition algorithms are extremely limited in their scope and robustness. As a result, existing orientation detection methods were built upon low-level vision features such as spatial distributions of color and texture. Discrepant detection rates have been reported for these methods in the literature. We have developed a probabilistic approach to image orientation detection via confidence-based integration of low-level and semantic cues within a Bayesian framework. Our current accuracy is 90 percent for unconstrained consumer photos, impressive given the findings of a psychophysical study conducted recently. The proposed framework is an attempt to bridge the gap between computer and human vision systems and is applicable to other problems involving semantic scene content understanding.
Speaker Embeddings by Modeling Channel-Wise Correlations (2021)

Speaker embeddings extracted with deep 2D convolutional neural networks are typically modeled as projections of first and second order statistics of channel-frequency pairs onto a linear layer, using either average or attentive pooling along the time axis. In this paper we examine an alternative pooling method, where pairwise correlations between channels for given frequencies are used as statistics. The method is inspired by style-transfer methods in computer vision, where the style of an image, modeled by the matrix of channel-wise correlations, is transferred to another image, in order to produce a new image having the style of the first and the content of the second. By drawing analogies between image style and speaker characteristics, and between image content and phonetic sequence, we explore the use of such channel-wise correlations features to train a ResNet architecture in an end-to-end fashion. Our experiments on VoxCeleb demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed pooling method in speaker recognition.
Random walks in a supply network (2004)

This paper presents a power grid analyzer based on a random walk technique. A linear-time algorithm is first demonstrated for DC analysis, and is then extended to perform transient analysis. The method has the desirable property of localizing computation, so that it shows massive benefits over conventional methods when only a small part of the grid is to be analyzed (for example, when the effects of small changes to the grid are to be examined). Even for the full analysis of the grid, experimental results show tat the method is faster than existing approaches and has an acceptable error margin. This method has been applied to test circuits of up to 2.3M nodes. For example, for a circuit with 70K nodes, the solution time for a single node was 0.42 sec and the complete solution was obtained in 17.6 sec.
Fuel containment and damage tolerance in large composite primary aircraft structures (1983)

Technical problems related to fuel containment and damage tolerance of composite material wings for transport aircraft was investigated. The major tasks are the following: (1) the preliminary design of damage tolerant wing surface using composite materials; (2) the evaluation of fuel sealing and lightning protection methods for a composite material wing; and (3) an experimental investigation of the damage tolerant characteristics of toughened resin graphite/epoxy materials. The design concepts investigated for the upper and lower surfaces of a composite wing for a transport aircraft are presented and the relationship between weight savings and the design allowable strain used within the analysis is discussed. Experiments which compare the fuel sealing characteristics of bolt-bonded joints and bolted joints sealed with a polysulphide sealant are reviewed. Data from lightning strike tests on stiffened and unstiffened graphite/epoxy panels are presented. A wide variety of coupon tests were conducted to evaluate the relative damage tolerance of toughened resin graphite/epoxies. Data from these tests are presented and their relevance to the wing surface design concepts are discussed.
A multimodule parallelable series-connected PWM voltage regulator (2001)

This paper presents the analysis and design of a single-phase voltage regulator (VR) and its multinodule parallel control. The VR employs the pulsewidth modulation three-arm rectifier-inverter topology. The inverter side adjusts the load voltage with the series regulating structure aiming to minimize converter capacity and attain higher efficiency. The rectifier side regenerates the load power and executes the active power filter function to achieve unity power factor. Based on such high-performance VR, a resistive droop method combined with the P-V droop and Q-/spl delta/ shift scheme is then proposed to control the current sharing such that multiple VRs can be paralleled directly without any control interconnection. The proposed parallel control technique possesses the features of fast response, precise voltage regulation, equal fundamental and harmonic current sharing, tolerance for parameter mismatch, and so on. Two prototype 1 KVA VRs are implemented, and the effectiveness is demonstrated by some simulation and experimental results.
The molecular organization of the protein HC-IgA complex (HC-IgA). (1986)

Complexes of protein HC and monoclonal IgA1 or IgA2 or polyclonal IgA were isolated from human blood plasma. Dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting showed that all complexes contain three types of chains: two light immunoglobulin chains, one regular IgA alpha-chain, and one chain with Mr = 90,000 carrying both alpha-chain and protein HC epitopes. The complexes were split into Fab alpha and Fc alpha fragments by bacterial IgA proteases. The protein HC epitopes were linked to the Fc fragments. Complexes of protein HC and an alpha-chain devoid of the variable region and the first heavy chain constant domain could also be demonstrated to be present in the blood plasma of a patient with alpha-heavy chain disease. Pepsin digestion of HC-IgA released a fragment containing all the protein HC epitopes and the C-terminal nonapeptide of the IgA alpha-chain. The light immunoglobulin chains, the regular alpha-chain, and the 90,000-Da chain from monoclonal HC-IgA1 were isolated by preparative dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by repeated gel filtration in dodecyl sulfate-containing buffer. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the alpha-chain was identical with that of a regular human heavy immunoglobulin chain of subgroup III. Subtractive degradations of the 90,000-Da chain displayed 2 amino acid residues in each position in a pattern suggesting simultaneous degradations of a chain identical with the regular alpha-chain of HC-IgA and of uncomplexed, low molecular weight, protein HC. All the results are compatible with a model for HC-IgA in which a single low molecular weight protein HC polypeptide chain is covalently linked, side by side, to the C-terminal nonapeptide of one of the two alpha-chains of a regular monomeric IgA unit.
Comparative Quantitative Analysis of the Electrocardiogram and the Vectorcardiogram (1970)

Simultaneously recorded standard electrocardiograms (ECG) and Frank vectorcardiograms (VCG) were correlated with the coronary arteriograms and the left ventriculograms of 210 patients. Quantitative criteria were applied to ECG measurements made by manual technics and to VCG measurements obtained by computer technics. As the extent of significant arteriographic disease increased, the frequency of ECG and VCG evidence of "definite" myocardial infarction (MI) increased. The VCG was diagnostic of MI in a greater number of patients than the ECG (50 versus 39, P < 0.01) and excelled in the detection of multiple areas of infarction in a greater number of patients (13 versus six, P < 0.05). This increased sensitivity was gained in anterior, inferior, and true posterior infarcts. Excluding patients with myocardiopathy, all MIs diagnosed from the VCG and all but one from the ECG were associated with significant arteriographic disease in the distribution of the predicted nutrient artery. Quantitative VCG analysis appears superior to the usual ECG analysis in the accurate detection of MI. When MI is diagnosed by either technic, significant associated coronary artery disease can be anticipated in a predictable anatomic distribution.
Uniplanar polarisation diversity antenna for ultra‐wideband systems (2013)

A new compact, uniplanar, polarisation‐diversity, monopole‐like slot antenna for ultra‐wideband (UWB) systems is presented. The proposed design effectively integrates orthogonally fed slot antennas, utilising the uniplanar nature of coplanar waveguide without degrading the time‐domain characteristics and diversity performance. To achieve high isolation between the ports, a strip is integrated diagonally in the ground plane. Furthermore, by loading arc shaped slot resonators on the feeding structures, the proposed antenna successfully rejects the undesired subband, assigned for IEEE 802.11a and HIPERLAN/2. The measured results demonstrate that the antenna provides a 2:1 voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) band from 2.76 to 10.75 GHz whereas showing rejection in the frequency band 4.75–6.12 GHz, along with an inter‐port isolation better than 15 dB. The proposed radiator displays a nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern, along with a moderate gain and efficiency. The envelope correlation coefficient discloses a good diversity performance across the UWB spectrum. Furthermore, the time‐domain analysis shows minimum dispersion to the radiated pulse. In addition, the experimental analysis indicates that the proposed design is less disposed to the housing effects when mounted in metallic casing. All these features make the proposed antenna a viable candidate for UWB dual‐polarised multiple‐input–multiple‐output applications.
Routine Use of Penicillin Skin Testing on an Inpatient Service (1971)

The routine use of prospective penicillin skin testing on hospitalized patients was evaluated over a six-month period. Patients with clinical indications for the use of penicillin drugs were tested with penicilloyl-poly-L-lysine (PPL) and a mixture of minor penicillin antigens (MDM), regardless of past history of penicillin reactions. Fifty-four patients with reasonable histories of penicillin hypersensitivity but nonreactive skin tests were treated, with only one mild possible reaction occurring within the first three days of therapy; this patient had active systemic lupus erythematosus. Ten of 163 patients without histories of prior penicillin reactions had positive skin tests and were denied penicillin drugs. As compared to a similar study of the same inpatient population in 1964–65, penicillin reactions were markedly less frequent. The routine use of PPL and MDM skin tests by house officers on a busy ward service is practical, safe and useful in predicting penicillin reactions.
Regulation of phenotypic variability by a threshold-based mechanism underlies bacterial persistence (2010)

In the face of antibiotics, bacterial populations avoid extinction by harboring a subpopulation of dormant cells that are largely drug insensitive. This phenomenon, termed "persistence," is a major obstacle for the treatment of a number of infectious diseases. The mechanism that generates both actively growing as well as dormant cells within a genetically identical population is unknown. We present a detailed study of the toxin-antitoxin module implicated in antibiotic persistence of Escherichia coli. We find that bacterial cells become dormant if the toxin level is higher than a threshold, and that the amount by which the threshold is exceeded determines the duration of dormancy. Fluctuations in toxin levels above and below the threshold result in coexistence of dormant and growing cells. We conclude that toxin-antitoxin modules in general represent a mixed network motif that can serve to produce a subpopulation of dormant cells and to supply a mechanism for regulating the frequency and duration of growth arrest. Toxin-antitoxin modules thus provide a natural molecular design for implementing a bet-hedging strategy.
On the capacity of OFDM-based spatial multiplexing systems (2002)

This paper deals with the capacity behavior of wireless orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based spatial multiplexing systems in broad-band fading environments for the case where the channel is unknown at the transmitter and perfectly known at the receiver. Introducing a physically motivated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broad-band fading channel model, we study the influence of physical parameters such as the amount of delay spread, cluster angle spread, and total angle spread, and system parameters such as the number of antennas and antenna spacing on ergodic capacity and outage capacity. We find that, in the MIMO case, unlike the single-input single-output (SISO) case, delay spread channels may provide advantages over flat fading channels not only in terms of outage capacity but also in terms of ergodic capacity. Therefore, MIMO delay spread channels will in general provide both higher diversity gain and higher multiplexing gain than MIMO flat fading channels