gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Pulse-Energy Excimer-Laser-Induced Damage in Thermally Oxidized Si(100) Substrates (1998)

Thermally oxidized Si (100) substrates were irradiated with excimer laser pulses with a low energy density, and the minority-carrier recombination lifetime and interface state density were measured. Irradiation with an ArF (λ=193 nm) excimer laser shortened the lifetime and raised the interface state density. These effects depend on the fluence, but not the energy density, of the pulses. Irradiation with KrCl (λ=222 nm), KrF (λ=248 nm), and XeCl (λ=308 nm) excimer lasers did not affect the lifetime.
Cell killing by spleen necrosis virus is correlated with a transient accumulation of spleen necrosis virus DNA (1979)

Spleen necrosis virus productively infects avian and rat cells. The average number of molecules of unintegrated and integrated viral DNA in cells at different times after infection was determined by hybridization and transfection assays. Shortly after infection, there was a transient accumulation of an average of about 150 to 200 molecules of unintegrated linear spleen necrosis virus DNA per chicken, turkey, or pheasant cell. No such accumulation was seen in infected rat cells. Soon after infection there was in chicken cells, but not inturkey, pheasant, or rat cells, also a transient integration of an average of 35 copies of viral DNA per cell. By 10 days after infection, the majority of this integrated viral DNA was lost from the population of infected chicken cells. At the same time, the majority of the unintegrated viral DNA was also lost from infected chicken, turkey, and pheasant cells. The transient cytopathic effect seen in these infected cells also occurred at this time. Late after infection about five copies of apparently nondefective spleen necrosis proviruses were stably integrated at multiple sites in chicken, turkey, pheasant, and rat DNA. These results demonstrate a correlation between the transient accumulation of large numbers of spleen necrosis virus DNA molecules and the transient occurrence of cytopathic effects.
The N-myc Oncogene: Maximizing its Targets, Regulation, and Therapeutic Potential (2014)

N-myc (MYCN), a member of the Myc family of basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper (bHLHZ) transcription factors, is a central regulator of many vital cellular processes. As such, N-myc is well recognized for its classic oncogenic activity and association with human neuroblastoma. Amplification and overexpression of N-myc has been described in other tumor types, particularly those of neural origin and neuroendocrine tumors. This review outlines N-myc's contribution to normal development and oncogenic progression. In addition, it highlights relevant transcriptional targets and mechanisms of regulation. Finally, the clinical implications of N-Myc as a biomarker and potential as a target using novel therapeutic approaches are discussed.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices as Destination Therapy (2011)

The cost-effectiveness associated with continuous-flow LVADs for destination therapy has improved significantly relative to the pulsatile flow devices. This change is explained by significant improvements in survival and functional status and reduction in implantation costs.
Why it is time for a HyPE (2013)

GPU acceleration is a promising approach to speed up query processing of database systems by using low cost graphic processors as coprocessors. Two major trends have emerged in this area: (1) The development of frameworks for scheduling tasks in heterogeneous CPU/GPU platforms, which is mainly in the context of coprocessing for applications and does not consider specifics of database-query processing and optimization. (2) The acceleration of database operations using efficient GPU algorithms, which typically cannot be applied easily on other database systems, because of their analytical-algorithm-specific cost models. One major challenge is how to combine traditional database query processing with GPU coprocessing techniques and efficient database operation scheduling in a GPU-aware query optimizer. In this thesis, we develop a hybrid query processing engine, which extends the traditional physical optimization process to generate hybrid query plans and to perform a cost-based optimization in a way that the advantages of CPUs and GPUs are combined. Furthermore, we aim at a portable solution between different GPU-accelerated database management systems to maximize applicability. Preliminary results indicate great potential.
Simultaneous removal of fly ash and sulfur dioxide from gas streams by a shaft-filter-sorber (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous removal of fly ash and sulfur dioxide from gas streams by a shaft-filter-sorberRaymond L. Zahradnik, Josephat Anyigbo, Richard A. Steinberg, and Herbert L. ToorCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1970, 4, 8, 663–667Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/es60043a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (495 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Retiming with Interconnect and Gate Delay (2003)

In this paper, we study the problem of retiming of sequential circuits with both interconnect and gate delay. Most retiming algorithms have assumed ideal conditions for the non-logical portions of the data paths, which are not sufficiently accurate to be used in high performance circuits today. In our modeling, we assume that the delay of a wire is directly proportional to its length. This assumption is reasonable since the quadratic component of a wire delay is significantly smaller than its linear component when the more accurate Elmore delay model is used. A simple experiment is conducted to illustrate the validity of this assumption. We present two approaches to solve this problem, both of which have polynomial time complexity. The first one can compute the optimal clock period while the second one is an improvement over the first one in terms of practical applicability. The second approach gives solutions very close to the optimal (0.13% more than the optimal on average) but in a much shorter runtime. A circuit with more than 22 K gates and 32 K wires can be optimally retimed in 83.56 seconds by a PC with an l.8 GHz Intel Xeon processor.
A Spline-based Volumetric Data Modeling Framework and Its Applications (2013)

In this dissertation, we concentrate on the challenging research issue of developing a spline-based modeling framework, which converts the conventional data (e.g., surface meshes) to tensor-product trivariate splines. This methodology can represent both boundary/volumetric geometry and real volumetric physical attributes in a compact and continuous fashion. The regular tensor-product structure enables our new developed methods to be embedded into the industry standard seamlessly. These properties make our techniques highly preferable in many physically-based applications including mechanical analysis, shape deformation and editing, virtual surgery training, etc.
Sustainable work systems (2005)

When this group of authors came together four years ago, it was with a sense of urgency. Many of us had been involved with workplace development for many years and there was now a feeling that the world was moving in a wrong direction. There were many indicators of increased pressures in work and we found that the notion of intensive work systems captured the essence of the situation. During the years that have passed the problems have worsened and remedies for a situation in which we, as humans, seem caught in a trap of increasing work demands and diminishing resources are nowadays high on the political agenda. Soon we came to the conclusion that formulating an alternative for the future was maybe more important than analysing the past. So with the adoption of the concept of sustainable work systems, we felt that we had at least an expression for an antipode that not only encompassed the abolishing of the sources of intensity, but more bravely saw work as a possible source of enjoyment and invigoration while still being high achieving.
Symptom relief and adherence in the rotary diversified diet, a treatment for environmental illness. (2004)

Results suggest that the diet, if followed, is beneficial, especially in improving gastrointestinal symptoms. Further evaluation of its effectiveness is limited by its complexity and the nature of environmental illness. Because the diet is difficult to follow over time, patients require extensive nutritional counseling and support.
Layered Group(IV) Metal Phosphates as Catalysts for MTBE Synthesis (1991)

Abstract Layered group(IV) metal phosphates and their phenylsulfonic acid derivatives were used as catalysts for the synthesis of methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) from methanol and isobutene. Because zirconium and titanium phosphates have only moderate acidic strength, relatively high temperatures are required to activate their Brønsted acidic sites. The optimal activity was obtained at ca. 443 K. Their phenylsulfonic acid derivatives, however, demonstrated higher acidic strength by giving much higher activity toward MTBE formation at relatively low temperaures. The catalysts were characterized in terms of their structure, thermal stability, surface area and acidic strength.
Planarization of Copper Thin Films by Electropolishing in Phosphoric Acid for ULSI Applications (2002)

Electropolishing of thin films poses additional challenges in comparison to bulk material polishing. The existence of a resistive anode/electrolyte boundary layer is crucial for achieving polishing. A finite amount of copper is required to be anodically dissolved to create the boundary layer of the appropriate thickness for effective electropolishing of a given hillock. This is a significant consideration in the application of electropolishing for planarization of thin films where the disparity in the topography is significant in proportion to the thickness of the film. Here electropolishing is shown to effectively remove the bulk of electrodeposited copper layers used in ultralarge scale integration (ULSI) metallization schemes without application of mechanical force and to planarize local topography. Efficient polishing can be achieved under galvanostatic conditions (i.e., constant current between the wafer and a counter electrode). Anodic transient studies indicated that the mechanism of formation of the boundary layer (in mass-transport controlled regime) is determined by the diffusive transport of an acceptor species to the anode/electrolyte interface. Effects of changes in current density and rotational speed of wafer on the extent of planarization have been determined. Under optimal galvanostatic and hydrodynamic conditions, the disparity in the topography over wide trenches adjacent to dense features decreased by 60%. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Routine analysis of plasma busulfan by gas chromatography–mass fragmentography (1998)

Busulfan (BU) is a widely used alkylating agent for antineoplastic therapy and marrow ablation in preparation for bone marrow transplantation (BMT). High-dose BU often leads to successful preparation and low relapse but is associated with veno-occlusive disease of liver. We established a protocol to determine postdosage plasma BU concentrations by gas chromatography-mass fragmentography in an attempt to relate clinical outcome to plasma BU concentrations. We used nonisotopic pusulfan as the internal standard. After extraction into ethyl acetate, BU and pusulfan were iodinated into 1, 4-diiodobutane and 1,5-diiodopentane, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out on an Hewlett-Packard (HP) 5890II gas chromatograph with a 30-m 100% methyl silicon narrow bore, fused-silica capillary column interfaced with an HP 5970A mass spectrometer. Helium was the carrier gas. The sample molecules were identified by total ion monitoring and quantified by selective ion monitoring of m/z 183 and 197. The calibration curve was linear to 4 mg/L. The limit of quantification was 0.04 mg/L, and the analytical recovery was approximately 97%. The within-day and between-day imprecision (CV) was <6% and 9%, respectively. In a preliminary study of 12 children, the BU areas under the BU-time curve were 616-949 micromol. min/L after the first dose and 793-1143 micromol. min/L after the fifth dose. We conclude that the GC-MS procedure is suitable for routine analysis of plasma BU.
Sol–gel entrapped TEMPO for the selective oxidation of methyl α-d-glucopyranoside (2000)

The sol–gel entrapment of TEMPO within a silica matrix yields an efficient and recyclable catalytic system for the selective oxidation of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside (MGP) in water with NaOCl as primary oxidant, thus opening the way to the heterogeneous catalysis of the conversion of sugars into valuable uronates.
Practical issues in pixel-based autofocusing for machine vision (2002)

Different autofocusing methods exist for many cameras today. While not ignoring commercially available methods requiring specialized hardware, this paper focuses mainly on pixel based autofocusing algorithms as applied to CCD camera systems. Different measures of image sharpness are compared. For each of these, different algorithms for searching the best lens setting are assessed in terms of performance as well as their applicability to various situations. In addition, several other factors potentially affecting camera focusing are also discussed. Based on the information obtained, this research attempts to formulate a robust autofocusing algorithm.
Some graphic methods for the solution of geologic problems (1914)

FOR SOLUTION OF GEOLOGIC PROBLEMS.27 definite level at all, depending on the nature of the problem to be ß solved.Any dipping plane will intersect this plane of reference in a straight line, the trace of the inclined plane in the plane of projection, which is referred to hereafter as the •nain trace Of the plane.This trace is the zero contour (AB, Fig. 9), and properly oriented gives the strike of the plane.The intersection of the dipping plane with a second horizontal plane, at any given distance above or below the plane of reference, will be a second straight line or contour, which when projected on the plane of reference will give a straight line or projection contour, parallel to the zero contour, and at a distance from it depending on the vertical interval between the two horizontal planes, and on the angle of dip of the inclined plane (CF, Fig. 9).The principles Fro. 9.In this and succeeding figures, points and their projections are represented by the usual minute dot or a small cross.Lines lying in the plane of projection, and being for the most part traces of planes, are indicated by a heavy continuous line.The projections of lines which lie outside the plane of projection (including contours, also dip triangles) are shown by a light continuous line.Lines lying outside the plane of projection but revolved into it are shown as a light dash line; while construction lines are drawn as short-dash or dotted lines.Piercing points of lines in the plane of projection are marked by a small circle.and results are the same as in the construction of contoured topographic maps.While, to represent a complete plane, an infinite number of equally spaced, parallel, straight-line contours would be required, it is obvious that to indicate those features of the plane generally essential to the geologist--its dip and strike--only the two con-
Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia (2009)

In the United States, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects about 10 million individuals, and is also prevalent worldwide. Medical therapies for symptomatic relief are limited. Surgical or endovascular interventions are useful for some individuals, but long-term results are often disappointing. As a result, there is a need for developing new therapies to treat PAD. The murine hindlimb ischemia preparation is a model of PAD, and is useful for testing new therapies. When compared to other models of tissue ischemia such as coronary or cerebral artery ligation, femoral artery ligation provides for a simpler model of ischemic tissue. Other advantages of this model are the ease of access to the femoral artery and low mortality rate. In this video, we demonstrate the methodology for the murine model of unilateral hindimb ischemia. The specific materials and procedures for creating and evaluating the model will be described, including the assessment of limb perfusion by laser Doppler imaging. This protocol can also be utilized for the transplantation and non-invasive tracking of cells, which is demonstrated by Huang et al.
Towards consistent visual-inertial navigation (2014)

Visual-inertial navigation systems (VINS) have prevailed in various applications, in part because of the complementary sensing capabilities and decreasing costs as well as sizes. While many of the current VINS algorithms undergo inconsistent estimation, in this paper we introduce a new extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based approach towards consistent estimates. To this end, we impose both state-transition and obervability constraints in computing EKF Jacobians so that the resulting linearized system can best approximate the underlying nonlinear system. Specifically, we enforce the propagation Jacobian to obey the semigroup property, thus being an appropriate state-transition matrix. This is achieved by parametrizing the orientation error state in the global, instead of local, frame of reference, and then evaluating the Jacobian at the propagated, instead of the updated, state estimates. Moreover, the EKF linearized system ensures correct observability by projecting the most-accurate measurement Jacobian onto the observable subspace so that no spurious information is gained. The proposed algorithm is validated by both Monte-Carlo simulation and real-world experimental tests.
Blockade of chemokine signaling in patients with multiple sclerosis (2006)

We assessed the safety and efficacy of orally administered CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) antagonist in 105 patients with relapsing/remitting MS (RRMS) in a 16-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The primary endpoint was the cumulative number of newly active lesions on serial MRI scans. Other MRI, immunologic, and clinical outcomes were also explored. No significant treatment difference was observed for any tested MRI variable. CCR1 does not contribute to initial leukocyte infiltration in RRMS.
TTR algorithm for the inversion of the exponential X-ray transform (2000)

In this paper, we present an FBP algorithm suitable for image reconstruction from exponential X-ray projections sampled on any subset of the sphere that includes great circles. This algorithm is similar to the TTR-algorithm of Ra et al. (1982) for non-attenuated projections. It is derived by combining all reconstructions that can be obtained from the subsets of measurements corresponding to a great circle. Our results generalize those published by I. Hazou (1988) and Weng et al. (1996) for reconstruction from projections sampled on the unit sphere. However, they remain modest as they only apply to specific sets of measurements. I.
New inhalational agents in paediatric anaesthesia: desflurane and sevoflurane (1996)

The physical and clinical characteristics of the two new inhalational agents, desflurane and sevoflurane, are discussed. Both of them have a lower blood -gas solubility coefficient than the currently used halogenated agents, and thus are responsible for a more rapid recovery especially after anaesthesia of intermediate or long duration. Desflurane is inappropriate for mask induction because of its extreme pungency, but it may be used for maintenance of anaesthesia. A closed circuit is recommended as its potency is low (minimum alveolar concentration ranging between 8 and 10% in children). Sevoflurane is as good as halothane for mask induction. It has less of a myocardial depressant effect and promotes much less arrhythmia than halothane. Although inorganic fluorides are produced during sevoflurane anaesthesia, no renal toxicity has been observed in normal adults and children or in those with pre-existing renal insufficiency. Sevoflurane reacts with soda lime to produce compound A, which is responsible for renal toxicity in rats. For this reason, even though no renal toxicity has been observed in humans even after prolonged anaesthesia at low fresh gas flow, the use of sevoflurane is not yet recommended in completely closed circuits, and a minimal fresh gas flow of 2 l/min is recommended by the Food and Drug Administration. This restriction does not apply to most countries.
Low-Temperature-Processed Poly-Si Thin-Film Transistors Using Solid-Phase-Crystallized and Liquid-Phase-Deposited Gate Oxide (1994)

Poly-Si thin-film transistor (TFT) devices using solid-phase-crystallized and liquid-phase-deposited gate oxide are, for the first time, realized by low-temperature processes (LTP) (<625° C) for future LCDs and 3-D integrated circuits. The method of liquid-phase deposition of SiO 2 ( LPD-SiO 2 ) is described. The physical, chemical and electrical properties of the new dielectric layer are clarified. The TFT ( W / L =200 µ m/10 µ m) having an on-off current ratio of 10 6 at V D =5 V, a field-effect mobility of 15 cm 2 / V· s at V D =0.1 V, a threshold voltage of 5.6 V, and a subthreshold swing of 1.6 V/decade, exhibits sufficient performance for pixel transistors. The field-effect mobility is strongly dependent on channel length. Effective passivation of defects by plasma hydrogenation will be very essential to achieve higher performance.
Computation of Heart Surface Potentials Using the Surface Source Model (1995)

The heart surface source model appears to provide a basis for relating heart surface potentials to the distribution of cellular action potential.
Can we determine a threshold level for allergenic foods by statistical analysis of published data in the literature? (2002)

Although several assumptions were made in creating this statistical model, we demonstrated that the previously published differences in threshold doses for various foods can be largely eliminated by comparing actual allergen content; this may therefore serve as a model for further studies.
Dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in patients with symptomatic unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion (2007)

DSC-pMRI may be a useful tool for evaluating and monitoring cerebral hemodynamic disturbance in patients with symptomatic unilateral MCA high-grade stenosis or occlusion.
Power System Islanding by the Hierarchical Clustering (2019)

Approach of power system islanding by the hierarchical clustering has been developed. It provides a recommendation for practical use and has close to linear computational complexity. For the system decomposition, we have applied the Optimal Circuit Reduction method. The New England 39 Bus power system is analyzed by the proposed methodology.