gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid state pulsed power systems for the Next Linear Collider (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. In June 2000, Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) of Bedford, MA was awarded two research grants by the U.S. Department of Energy to develop pulsed power technology for the Next Linear Collider project. The grants are funding the development of a prototype "Hybrid" modulator and research into fast switches scalable to the 1 MV level. The Hybrid Modulator being developed under the first grant utilizes an 80 kV, 3200 A solid state switch driving a 6.5:1 pulse transformer. This system, which will be delivered to SLAC in 2001, will provide 500 kV, 3.2 /spl mu/s pulses at 530 A to drive a pair of NLC klystrons. In the second SBIR effort, DTI is investigating scaling this solid state technology to provide 500 kV-1 MV direct switching. Eliminating the pulse transformer in these designs offers the potential for significantly higher modulator efficiency. This effort includes designing and prototyping elements of both a solid state 'hard' switch, and a solid state Marx Bank. DTI describes these three architectures under development, presents recent results from these efforts, and reviews the challenges, current status, and applicability of very high voltage solid state modulators to NLC and other high energy physics applications.
Synthesis and Reactivity of <i>N</i>-Hydroxy-2-Amino-3-Arylindoles (2007)

Catalytic hydrogenation of 2-nitrophenylacetonitriles bearing an aromatic substituent α to the nitrile group, using Pd/C and (Ph3P)4Pd, affords unstable N-hydroxy-2-amino-3-arylindoles which, after autoxidation, yields 2-amino-3-aryl-3H-indol-3-ol 1-oxides.
The degradation of lignocellulosics by extremely thermophilic microorganisms (1989)

Five extremely thermophilic cellulose-degrading isolates obtained from New Zealand thermal springs were tested for their ability to degrade a number of natural lignocellulosic substrates. Degradation by three of the isolates was generally similar to that by the moderate thermophile, Clostridium thermocellum but occurred at a higher temperature. The New Zealand isolates were also found to grow on xylan as sole carbohydrate source, which probably extends their attack to hemicellulose.
Mg Protoporphyrin Monomethylester Cyclase Deficiency and Effects on Tetrapyrrole Metabolism in Different Light Conditions (2010)

Mg protoporphyrin monomethylester (MgProtoME) cyclase catalyzes isocyclic ring formation to form divinyl protochlorophyllide. The CHL27 protein is part of the cyclase complex. Deficiency of CHL27 has been previously reported to compromise photosynthesis and nuclear gene expression. In a comprehensive analysis of different CHL27 antisense tobacco lines grown under different light conditions, the physiological consequences of gradually reduced CHL27 expression on the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway were explored. Excessive amounts of MgProtoME, the substrate of the cyclase reaction, accumulated in response to the reduced CHL27 content. Moreover, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthesis, Mg chelatase and Mg protoporphyrin methyltransferase activities were reduced in transgenic plants. Compared with growth under continuous light exposure, the CHL27-deficient plants showed a stronger reduction in Chl content, cell death and leaf necrosis during diurnal light/dark cycles. This photooxidative phenotype correlated with a rapidly increasing MgProtoME steady-state level at the beginning of each light period. In contrast, the same transformants grown under continuous light exposure possessed a permanently elevated amount of MgProtoME. Its lower phototoxicity correlated with increased activities of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, and a higher amount of reduced ascorbate. It is proposed that improved stress acclimation during continuous light in comparison with light-dark growth increases the capacity to prevent photooxidation by excess tetrapyrrole precursors and lowers the susceptibility to secondary photodynamic damage.
Automatic differentiation based discrete adjoint method for aerodynamic design optimization on unstructured meshes (2017)

A systematic methodology for formulating, implementing, solving and verifying discrete adjoint of the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for aerodynamic design optimization on unstructured meshes is proposed. First, a general adjoint formulation is constructed for the entire optimization problem, including parameterization, mesh deformation, flow solution and computation of the objective function, which is followed by detailed formulations of matrix-vector products arising in the adjoint model. According to this formulation, procedural components of implementing the required matrix-vector products are generated by means of automatic differentiation (AD) in a structured and modular manner. Furthermore, a duality-preserving iterative algorithm is employed to solve flow adjoint equations arising in the adjoint model, ensuring identical convergence rates for the tangent and the adjoint models. A three-step strategy is adopted to verify the adjoint computation. The proposed method has several remarkable features: the use of AD techniques avoids tedious and error-prone manual derivation and programming; duality is strictly preserved so that consistent and highly accurate discrete sensitivities can be obtained; and comparable efficiency to hand-coded implementation can be achieved. Upon the current discrete adjoint method, a gradient-based optimization framework has been developed and applied to a drag reduction problem.
Efficacy of the partricin derivative SPA-S-753 against systemic murine candidosis (2001)

The polyene partricin compound SPA-S-753 (Societa Prodotti Antibiotici, Milano, Italy) was assessed in a murine model of systemic candidosis. CD-1 mice were infected iv with Candida albicans and treated iv with SPA-S-753 or amphotericin B. All treatment regimens of SPA-S-753 or amphotericin B were equivalent and significantly prolonged survival compared with controls (P < 0.001). Amphotericin B and SPA-S-753 significantly reduced burdens of C. albicans in the spleen and kidneys. Overall, cure rates were similar, amphotericin B at 1 mg/kg cured three and SPA-S-753 at 10 mg/kg cured four mice of infection in both organs. The efficacy of SPA-S-753 is between equivalent and <10-fold as potent as amphotericin B. These results are encouraging and warrant further studies on SPA-S-753.
Laying the Foundation (2016)

Laying the Foundation: Digital Humanities in Academic Libraries examines the library’s role in the development, implementation, and instruction of successful digital humanities projects. It pays special attention to the critical role of librarians in building sustainable programs. It also examines how libraries can support the use of digital scholarship tools and techniques in undergraduate education. Academic libraries are nexuses of research and technology; as such, they provide fertile ground for cultivating and curating digital scholarship. However, adding digital humanities to library service models requires a clear understanding of the resources and skills required. Integrating digital scholarship into existing models calls for a reimagining of the roles of libraries and librarians. In many cases, these reimagined roles call for expanded responsibilities, often in the areas of collaborative instruction and digital asset management, and in turn these expanded responsibilities can strain already stretched resources. Laying the Foundation provides practical solutions to the challenges of successfully incorporating digital humanities programs into existing library services. Collectively, its authors argue that librarians are critical resources for teaching digital humanities to undergraduate students and that libraries are essential for publishing, preserving, and making accessible digital scholarship. This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.
Multiple-channel cochlear implant (1981)

Abstract of a paper presented at the Proceedings of the XIIth World Congress of Otorhinolaryngological Societies
Design and Study of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for an Electric Compressor (2011)

LGEP 2011 ID = 738
Electrostatically Assembled Fluorescent Thin Films of Rare-Earth-Doped Lanthanum Phosphate Nanoparticles (2002)

We report on the formation of nanostructured, ultrathin films of a new class of fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) within the same size range as quantum dots, but with a different kind of fluorescence, by using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The fluorescence of these rare-earth-doped lanthanum phosphate (LaPO4) NPs is due to the bulk properties of the material and is therefore independent of their size. Additionally, different colors are available due to variation of the dopants used in their synthesis (e.g., Ce, Tb, Eu, and Dy). These NPs were electrostatically assembled to form thin films on planar quartz supports as well as on polystyrene (PS) microspheres with the aid of oppositely charged polyelectrolyte interlayers. Regular growth of the multilayers was observed on both quartz and PS substrates, providing control over the composition and, in turn, the fluorescence intensity of the planar films and composite spheres. The resulting films exhibit the same UV and fluorescence characteristics as the corresponding aqueous NP dispersions. NPs with different fluorescence characteristics (i.e., colors) retain their individual optical properties when premixed and assembled into thin films and can be detected individually using only a single excitation wavelength. Biofunctionalization of LaPO4 NP-tagged PS spheres and of the individual LaPO4 NPs is expected to yield versatile labels that could be exploited in various biological applications.
Tumor angiogenic vasculature targeting with PAMAM dendrimer–RGD conjugates (2005)

PAMAM dendrimer-RGD-4C peptide conjugate was synthesized and in vitro targeting efficacy to integrin receptor expressing cells was studied by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.
Microfluidic Models of Vascular Functions (2012)

In vitro studies of vascular physiology have traditionally relied on cultures of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes grown on centimeter-scale plates, filters, and flow chambers. The introduction of microfluidic tools has revolutionized the study of vascular physiology by allowing researchers to create physiologically relevant culture models, at the same time greatly reducing the consumption of expensive reagents. By taking advantage of the small dimensions and laminar flow inherent in microfluidic systems, recent studies have created in vitro models that reproduce many features of the in vivo vascular microenvironment with fine spatial and temporal resolution. In this review, we highlight the advantages of microfluidics in four areas: the investigation of hemodynamics on a capillary length scale, the modulation of fluid streams over vascular cells, angiogenesis induced by the exposure of vascular cells to well-defined gradients in growth factors or pressure, and the growth of microvascular networks in biomaterials. Such unique capabilities at the microscale are rapidly advancing the understanding of microcirculatory dynamics, shear responses, and angiogenesis in health and disease as well as the ability to create in vivo-like blood vessels in vitro.
Compensation of thermally induced depolarization in Faraday isolators for high average power lasers (2011)

A compensation scheme for thermally induced birefringence in Faraday isolators is proposed. With the use of this scheme a 36-fold increase of the isolation degree was attained in experiment. A comparative analysis of the considered scheme and the earlier Faraday isolator schemes with high average radiation power is performed. A method for optimizing the earlier Faraday isolator scheme with birefringence compensation is developed.
The Lack of a Role for Protein Kinase C in Neurite Extension and in the Induction of Ornithine Decarboxylase by Nerve Growth Factor in PC12 Cells (1989)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) causes pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) to undergo a number of physiological changes which mimic the differentiated neuronal cell, including neurite extension. We have examined protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme) as a potential signaling mechanism in NGF-stimulated neurite outgrowth and induction of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) can activate protein kinase C and induce ornithine decarboxylase in PC12 cells with kinetics which are similar to those of NGF induction, but only to levels about 10-fold lower. The induction of ornithine decarboxylase by both NGF and PMA is inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D suggesting that both agents increase enzyme activity by increasing gene transcription. The evidence presented here, however, shows that the induction produced by the two agents is through two different pathways. First, maximal induction by NGF is increased when PMA is included in the media showing that the two effects are synergistic. Second, NGF does not cause induction of ornithine decarboxylase in the mutant PC12nnr5 cell line (Green, S.H., Rydel, R.E., Connolly, J.L., and Greene, L.A. (1986) J. Cell Biol. 103, 1967-1978) while added PMA does produce an induction of the enzyme. Finally, when protein kinase C is down-regulated by incubating PC12 cells with PMA in serum-containing or serum-free medium for 24 h, the induction by PMA is completely inhibited, while the NGF induction is not affected. A recent study (Hall, F.L., Fernyhough, P., Ishii, D.N., and Vulliet, P.R. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 4460-4466) using sphingosine inhibition concluded that protein kinase C was required for NGF-stimulated neuritogenesis. In contrast, results presented here show that down-regulation of protein kinase C also has no effect on NGF-mediated neurite extension in PC12 cells grown in serum-free medium. Our data demonstrate that induction of ornithine decarboxylase and formation of neurites in PC12 cells by NGF does not require a protein kinase C-mediated pathway.
Social Mood and Financial Economics (2005)

The general level of optimism/pessimism in society is reflected by the emotions of financial decision-makers. Because these emotions are correlated across economic participants, our hypothesis leads to three important outcomes. First, social mood determines the types of decisions made by consumers, investors, and corporate managers alike. Extremes in social mood are characterized by optimistic (pessimistic) aggregate investment and business activity. Second, due to the efficient and emotional nature of stock transactions, the stock market itself is a direct measure or gauge of social mood. Third, since the tone and character of business activity follows, rather than leads, social mood, stock market trends help forecast future financial and economic activity. Specific predictions about stock market levels and trading volume, market volatility, firm expansion, leverage use, and IPO and M&A activity are also given.
Counterflow thrust vectoring of supersonic jets (1996)

Fluidic thrust vector control is examined in a supersonic rectangular jet having a 4 :1 aspect ratio and for jet stagnation temperatures between 300 and 670 K. Experiments conducted in a nominally ideally expanded Mach 2 jet reveal that thrust can be continuously vectored up to at least 16 deg by creating a secondary counterflowing stream between the primary jet and an adjacent curved surface. Thrust vector control using counterflow is shown to be effective in both cold and moderately heated supersonic jets and to perform free of bistable or hysteretic effects. Measurements indicate that proportional thrust vector control can be achieved with less than 4% thrust loss and requiring secondary mass flow rates less than approximately 2% of the primary jet.
Electromagnetic reflection from a curved dielectric interface (1986)

The reflection of a high-frequency electromagnetic field from an arbitrarily curved dielectric interface is considered. The fields are expanded in asymptotic series of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k^{-1}</tex> , known as Luneburg-Kline expansions. Based on a ray method the zero- and first-order terms of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k^{-1}</tex> of the reflected and transmitted field are evaluated at the interface. Associated with the fields at the interface, effective surface current densities can be used to determine the reflected and transmitted field at points away from the interface, which is done analytically for the reflected far field in the case of plane wave incidence. The result consists of a frequency-independent term, which is related to geometrical optics solution, and a term of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k^{-1}</tex> , which is a useful extension of geometrical optics solution in some cases.
Spectroscopy of new materials (1993)

Chromophores for Non-Linear Optical Materials Photochromic Materials Optical and Infrared Spectroscopy of Phthyalocyanine Molecular Assemblies Solid State NMR Studies of Aluminophosphate-Based Molecular Sieves Electronic and Spectroscopic Properties of Conducting Langmuir-Blodgett Films Spectroscopy of Proton and Electron Co-Operation Systems.
[Location of the fertility restorer gene for T-type CMS wheat by microsatellite marker]. (2003)

Through the genetic analysis of a F2 population, derived from CMS line 75-3369A (T-type CMS wheat) and the restorer line 7269-10, the result indicated that the restorer line was conditioned by two dominant genes. A F2 population was used to map the fertility restorer (Rf) gene by microsatellite and BSA (bulked segregant analysis). Restorer and sterile DNA pools were established using the extreme fertile and sterile plants of F2 population, respectively. Among the 230 pairs of microsatellite primers, two markers were found polymorphic between the two pools. Linkage analysis showed that microsatellite marker Xgwm136 and Xgwm550 were linked with the two fertility restorer genes, respectively. One of the Rf gene was located on 1AS and the genetic distance between the SSR marker Xgwm136 and this Rf gene was 6.7 cM, the other Rf gene was located on 1BS and with a genetic distance of 5.1 cM to marker Xgwm550.
Systemic immunoregulatory and proteogenomic effects of tacrolimus to sirolimus conversion in liver transplant recipients (2012)

TAC to SRL conversion increases systemic Tregs, DCregs, and immunoregulatory proteogenomic signatures in liver transplant recipients and may therefore facilitate IS minimization or withdrawal.
Automated Measurement of Resolution Acuity in Infants Using Remote Eye-Tracking (2014)

An adaptive computerized test of infant vision using eye-tracking provides a rapid, automated measure of resolution acuity in preverbal infants. The ACTIVE performed comparably to the current clinical gold standard (acuity cards) in terms of testability, reliability, and accuracy, and its principles can be extended to measure other visual functions.
Yeast Vps45p is a Sec1p-like protein required for the consumption of vacuole-targeted, post-Golgi transport vesicles. (1994)

Over 45 VPS genes (vacuolar protein sorting) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are necessary for the correct sorting and delivery of vacuolar hydrolases. Yeast strains carrying mutations in a subset of these VPS genes (class D vps mutants) are also defective in the segregation of vacuolar material into the developing daughter cell and are morphologically characterized by having large central vacuoles. The class D VPS gene products, which include a Rab5 homologue (VPS21/YPT51) and a syntaxin homologue (PEP12/VPS6), have been proposed to function together at a particular step along the vacuolar protein sorting pathway. We have cloned another class D VPS gene, VPS45, which is homologous to a growing family of genes that encode Sec1p-like proteins. Vps45p is predicted to be a hydrophilic protein of 577 amino acids with a molecular mass of 67 kDa. Fractionation studies show that Vps45p is a peripheral membrane protein that cofractionates with Golgi-like membranes, consistent with Vps45p functioning in membrane traffic between the Golgi and the vacuole. Using a temperature-sensitive allele of VPS45, we show that inactivation of Vps45p causes the rapid accumulation of small (40-60 nm) vesicles and secretion of the vacuolar hydrolase carboxypeptidase Y. Because the entire yeast secretory pathway is functional after the temperature-induced inactivation of Vps45p, we conclude that the accumulated vesicles represent transport intermediates between the Golgi and the vacuole.
A Ka-Band CMOS Wilkinson Power Divider Using Synthetic Quasi-TEM Transmission Lines (2007)

This work presents a Ka-band two-way 3 dB Wilkinson power divider using synthetic quasi-transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission lines (TLs). The synthetic quasi-TEM TL, also called complementary-conducting-strip TL (CCS TL), is theoretically analyzed. The equivalent TL model, whose production is based on the extracted results, is applied to the power divider design. The prototype is fabricated by the standard 0.18 mum 1P6M CMOS technology, showing the circuit size of 210.0 mumtimes390.0 mum without contact pads. The measurement results, which match the 50 Omega system, reveal perfect agreements with those of the simulations. The comparison reveals the following characteristics. The divider exhibits an equal power-split with the insertion losses (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> and S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sub> ) of 3.65 dB. The return losses (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> , S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> and S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> ) of the prototype are higher than 10.0 dB from 30.0 to 40.0 GHz.
Regulation of c-ret expression by retinoic acid in rat metanephros: implication in nephron mass control (1998)

Vitamin A and its derivatives have been shown to promote kidney development in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. To address the molecular mechanisms by which all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) may regulate the nephron mass, rat kidneys were removed on embryonic day 14 (E14) and grown in organ culture under standard or RA-stimulated conditions. By using RT-PCR, we studied the expression of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), its cell surface receptor-alpha (GDNFR-alpha), and the receptor tyrosine kinase c-ret, known to play a major role in renal organogenesis. Expression of GDNF and GDNFR-alpha transcripts was high at the time of explantation and remained unaffected in culture with or without RA. In contrast, c-ret mRNA level, which was low in E14 metanephros and dropped rapidly in vitro, was increased by RA in a dose-dependent manner. The same is true at the protein level. Exogenous GDNF barely promotes additional nephron formation in vitro. Thus the present data establish c-ret as a key target of retinoids during kidney organogenesis.