gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soluble Forms of the Subgroup A Avian Leukosis Virus [ALV(A)] Receptor Tva Significantly Inhibit ALV(A) Infection In Vitro and In Vivo (1999)

The interactions between the subgroup A avian leukosis virus [ALV(A)] envelope glycoproteins and soluble forms of the ALV(A) receptor Tva were analyzed both in vitro and in vivo by quantitating the ability of the soluble Tva proteins to inhibit ALV(A) entry into susceptible cells. Two soluble Tva proteins were tested: the 83-amino-acid Tva extracellular region fused to two epitope tags (sTva) or fused to the constant region of the mouse immunoglobulin G heavy chain (sTva-mIgG). Replication-competent ALV-based retroviral vectors with subgroup B or C env were used to deliver and express the two soluble tv-a (stva) genes in avian cells. In vitro, chicken embryo fibroblasts or DF-1 cells expressing sTva or sTva-mIgG proteins were much more resistant to infection by ALV(A) ( approximately 200-fold) than were control cells infected by only the vector. The antiviral effect was specific for ALV(A), which is consistent with a receptor interference mechanism. The antiviral effect of sTva-mIgG was positively correlated with the amount of sTva-mIgG protein. In vivo, the stva genes were delivered and expressed in line 0 chicken embryos by the ALV(B)-based vector RCASBP(B). Viremic chickens expressed relatively high levels of stva and stva-mIgG RNA in a broad range of tissues. High levels of sTva-mIgG protein were detected in the sera of chickens infected with RCASBP(B)stva-mIgG. Viremic chickens infected with RCASBP(B) alone, RCASBP(B)stva, or RCASBP(B)stva-mIgG were challenged separately with ALV(A) and ALV(C). Both sTva and sTva-mIgG significantly inhibited infection by ALV(A) (95 and 100% respectively) but had no measurable effect on ALV(C) infection. The results of this study indicate that a soluble receptor can effectively block infection of at least some retroviruses and demonstrates the utility of the ALV experimental system in characterizing the mechanism(s) of viral entry.
A Methodology for Developing Programmable Part Feeders (1983)

Abstract Parts-orienting devices have long been recognized as critical elements of mass production systems. In batch manufacturing, workpiece orientation has typically been accomplished manually because a part's production volume usually does not economically justify the design and construction of a dedicated parts feeder. Different approaches to workpiece orientation have been undertaken by various researchers. This paper discusses some of those approaches and offers an alternative approach consisting of a methodology for developing programmable feeders based on conventional parts-feeding technology.
An Empirical Study of Feature Extraction Methods for Audio Classification (2010)

With the growing popularity of video sharing web sites and the increasing use of consumer-level video capture devices, new algorithms are needed for intelligent searching and indexing of such data. The audio from these video streams is particularly challenging due to its low quality and high variability. Here, we perform a broad empirical study of features used for intelligent audio processing. We perform experiments on a dataset of 200 consumer videos over which we attempt to detect 10 semantic audio concepts.
TWO ALLELES OF MAIZE <i>ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 1</i> HAVE 3' STRUCTURAL AND POLY(A) ADDITION POLYMORPHISMS (1986)

Two standard electrophoretic alleles of the maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 locus (Adh1-1S and Adh1-1F) have been isolated and characterized. Restriction endonuclease mapping shows that a region of less than 5 kb is conserved in both alleles and is flanked both 5' and 3' by regions highly polymorphic for restriction sites. Nucleotide sequence comparison of these two alleles reveals that polymorphism in the 3' flanking region is due to rearrangements including tandem duplications, a transposable element-like insertion and a deletion. S1 nuclease analysis shows that both the Adh1-1S and the Adh1-1F alleles contain multiple poly(A) addition sites; four sites are observed for the Adh1-1S alleles and seven sites for the Adh1-1F allele. Only two of these poly(A) addition sites appear to be identical in the two alleles. No consensus signal for poly(A) addition is observed near any of these sites.
Mutational analysis of the precursor-specific region of Bacillus subtilis sigma E (1992)

sigma E is a sporulation-specific sigma factor of Bacillus subtilis that is formed from an inactive precursor protein (pro-sigma E) by the removal of 27 to 29 amino acids from the pro-sigma E amino terminus. By using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, sequential deletions were constructed in the precursor-specific region of sigE and analyzed for their effect on the gene product's activity, ability to accumulate, and susceptibility to conversion into mature sigma E. The results demonstrated that the first 17 residues of the pro sequence contribute to silencing the sigma-like activity of pro-sigma E and that the amino acids between positions 12 and 17 are also important for its conversion into sigma E. Deletions that remove 21 or more codons from sigE reduce sigma E activity in cells which carry it, presumably by affecting pro-sigma E stability. A 26-codon deletion results in a gene whose product is not detectable in B. subtilis by either reporter gene activity or Western blot (immunoblot) assay. The primary structure as well as the size of the pro region of sigma E contributes to the protein's stability. The placement of additional amino acids into the pro region reduces the cell's ability to accumulate pro-sigma E. Additional sigE mutations revealed that the amino acids normally found at the putative processing site(s) of pro-sigma E are not essential to the processing reaction; however, a Glu residue upstream of these sites (position 25) was found to be important for processing. These last results suggest that the pro-sigma E processing apparatus does not recognize the actual site within pro-sigma E at which cleavage occurs but rater sequence elements that are upstream of this site.
Production of volatile organic compounds by mycobacteria (2012)

The need for improved rapid diagnostic tests for tuberculosis disease has prompted interest in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. We have investigated VOCs emitted by Mycobacterium bovis BCG grown on Lowenstein-Jensen media using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compounds observed included dimethyl sulphide, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, butanone, 2-methyl-1-butanol, methyl 2-methylbutanoate, 2-phenylethanol and hydrogen sulphide. Changes in levels of acetaldehyde, methanol and ammonia were also observed. The compounds identified are not unique to M. bovis BCG, and further studies are needed to validate their diagnostic value. Investigations using an ultra-rapid gas chromatograph with a surface acoustic wave sensor (zNose) demonstrated the presence of 2-phenylethanol (PEA) in the headspace of cultures of M. bovis BCG and Mycobacterium smegmatis, when grown on Lowenstein-Jensen supplemented with glycerol. PEA is a reversible inhibitor of DNA synthesis. It is used during selective isolation of gram-positive bacteria and may also be used to inhibit mycobacterial growth. PEA production was observed to be dependent on growth of mycobacteria. Further study is required to elucidate the metabolic pathways involved and assess whether this compound is produced during in vivo growth of mycobacteria.
Fluorescent Sensors for the Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents (2007)

Along with biological and nuclear threats, chemical warfare agents are some of the most feared weapons of mass destruction. Compared to nuclear weapons they are relatively easy to access and deploy, which makes them in some aspects a greater threat to national and global security. A particularly hazardous class of chemical warfare agents are the nerve agents. Their rapid and severe effects on human health originate in their ability to block the function of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that is vital to the central nervous system. This article outlines recent activities regarding the development of molecular sensors that can visualize the presence of nerve agents (and related pesticides) through changes of their fluorescence properties. Three different sensing principles are discussed: enzyme-based sensors, chemically reactive sensors, and supramolecular sensors. Typical examples are presented for each class and different fluorescent sensors for the detection of chemical warfare agents are summarized and compared.
Automatic Detection of Glaucomatous Visual Field Progression With Neural Networks (1997)

A neural network can be trained to recognize visual field progression in good concordance with experienced observers. Neural networks may be used to aid the physician in the evaluation of glaucomatous visual field progression.
S-methylation as a bioactivation mechanism for mono- and dithiocarbamate pesticides as aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors (1995)

S-Methylation is a new bioactivation mechanism for metam and metabolites of methyl isothiocyanate and dazomet in mice. These soil fumigants are converted to S-methyl metam [MeNHC(S)SMe] which reaches peak levels in liver, kidney, brain, and blood 10-20 min after intraperitoneal (ip) treatment. The half-life of S-methyl metam administered ip is 8-12 min in each of these tissues. S-Methyl metam-oxon [MeNHC(O)SMe] is also detected as a metabolite of each of these soil fumigants on analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with chemical ionization. The conversion of methyl isothiocyanate to S-methyl metam and its oxon probably involves conjugation with glutathione, hydrolysis to S-(N-methylthiocarbamoyl)-cysteine, cleavage by cysteine conjugate beta-lyase to release metam, and finally methylation and oxidative desulfuration. Metam and dazomet are converted to S-methyl metam by mouse liver microsomes on fortification with S-adenosylmethionine. Metam, methyl isothiocyanate, dazomet, and three metabolites (metam-oxon [MeNHC(O)SH], MeNHC(S)SMe, and MeNHC-(O)SMe) administered ip to mice at 40 mg/kg inhibit low-Km liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and elevate ethanol-dependent blood and brain acetaldehyde levels. Several fungicides including the dialkyldithiocarbamates as the disulfide (thiram and the related alcohol-abuse drug disulfiram) and metal salts (ziram) also yield S-methyl thiocarbamate metabolites. Eight S-alkyl and S-(chloroallyl) thiocarbamate herbicides (EPTC, molinate, butylate, vernolate, pebulate, diallate, sulfallate, and triallate), but not their S-chlorobenzyl analog (thiobencarb), undergo sequential liberation of the thiocarbamic acid and then S-methylation, forming the S-methyl thiocarbamates which are new metabolites and potential aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors. The S-methyl mono- and dithiocarbamate metabolites of these herbicides and fungicides are easily identified by retention time on gas chromatography and by mass spectrometry giving [MH]+ plus [R1R2NCO]+ or [R1R2NCS]+, respectively, as the two major ions.
609 MHz G5 S/399 microprocessor (2003)

The IBM G5 system is a fifth-generation CMOS server for the S/390 line of products with functionality improvements such as an instruction branch target buffer (BTB) and an IEEE compliant binary floating-point. The microprocessor operates at 600 MHz at the fast end of the process distribution, although the system is shipped at 500 MHz in a 10+2 SMP configuration. Measured system performance on the 10 way is 1069 S/390 MIPs. This microprocessor uses a 0.25 mum CMOS process. The chip uses 6 levels of metal plus an additional layer of local interconnect and is 14.6times14.7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with 25 M transistors (7 M logic/18 M array). Power supply is 1.9 V. Chip power is 25 W at 500 MHz
Simple Oligothiophene-Based Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs): Anchoring Group Effects on Molecular Properties and Solar Cell Performance (2011)

Abstract Simple oligothiophene-based dyes with a cyanoacrylic acid anchor were synthesized and evaluated as a photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Although the molecular properties of the dyes at a glance are quite similar to those of related oligothiophene dyes with a carboxylic acid anchor, the DSSC performance of the former (up to η = 4.8%) is fairly improved over the latter (≈1.2%). Absorption spectra of the oligothiophene dyes with the cyanoacrylic acid are red-shifted compared to those with the carboxylic acid, resulting in the improved photocurrent conversion efficiency at above 600 nm in the DSSCs. With the aid of theoretical calculations, electronic properties of the oligothiophene dyes were investigated, and it turned out that the excited states of the dyes are significantly affected by the anchoring groups. The cyanoacrylic acid anchor brings about a stabilized LUMO with localized electron density on the cyanoacrylic acid moiety, whereas the carboxylic acid dye has relatively a high-lying LUMO with delocalized electron density over the oligothiophene moiety. Thus, the difference in the DSSC performance is rationalized by the different electronic structure at the excited states caused by the anchoring groups on the oligothiophene cores.
Lexical access and verification in a broad phonetic approach to continuous digit recognition (2005)

This paper describes an implementation of a robust method of lexical access and a detailed phonetic verification component for recognizing continuous digits using a broad phonetic approach. The lexical access component uses a scoring method which takes into account soft labeling errors due to input signal variability. Verification is based on the use of a small set of detailed acoustic features which characterize phone hypotheses. Evaluation of the lexical access method on a database of 74 new random length digit strings, each spoken by 5 new speakers, shows the method to be tolerant to front-end errors and variations in pronunciation. Evaluation of the verification component indicates that use of a few detailed phonetic features is adequate for verification of phones in the digit vocabulary.
Mechanism of Thermal Silicon Oxide Direct Wafer Bonding (2009)

International audience
Preterm premature rupture of membranes: diagnosis, evaluation and management strategies (2005)

Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) is responsible for one-third of all preterm births and affects 120,000 pregnancies in the United States each year. Effective treatment relies on accurate diagnosis and is gestational age dependent. The diagnosis of PPROM is made by a combination of clinical suspicion, patient history and some simple tests. PPROM is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality from infection, umbilical cord compression, placental abruption and preterm birth. Subclinical intrauterine infection has been implicated as a major aetiological factor in the pathogenesis and subsequent maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with PPROM. The frequency of positive cultures obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis at the time of presentation with PPROM in the absence of labour is 25-40%. The majority of amniotic fluid infection in the setting of PPROM does not produce the signs and symptoms traditionally used as diagnostic criteria for clinical chorioamnionitis. Any evidence of infection by amniocentesis should be considered carefully as an indication for delivery. Documentation of amniotic fluid infection in women who present with PPROM enables us to triage our therapeutic decision making rationally. In PPROM, the optimal interval for delivery occurs when the risks of immaturity are outweighed by the risks of pregnancy prolongation (infection, abruption and cord accident). Lung maturity assessment may be a useful guide when planning delivery in the 32- to 34-week interval. A gestational age approach to therapy is important and should be adjusted for each hospital's neonatal intensive care unit. Antenatal antibiotics and corticosteroid therapies have clear benefits and should be offered to all women without contraindications. During conservative management, women should be monitored closely for placental abruption, infection, labour and a non-reassuring fetal status. Women with PPROM after 32 weeks of gestation should be considered for delivery, and after 34 weeks the benefits of delivery clearly outweigh the risks.
Solubility Product of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate at Various Temperatures (1982)

The solubility of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) was determined in aqueous solution at 25, 35, 38, and 45C. The thermodynamic solubility product was determined at each temperature.
Influence of the passive anisotropic properties on directional differences in propagation following modification of the sodium conductance in human atrial muscle. A model of reentry based on anisotropic discontinuous propagation. (1988)

Available models of circus movement reentry in cardiac muscle and of drug action on reentrant arrhythmias are based on continuous medium theory, which depends solely on the membrane ionic conductances to alter propagation. The purpose of this study is to show that the anisotropic passive properties at a microscopic level highly determine the propagation response to modification of the sodium conductance by premature action potentials and by sodium channel-blocking drugs. In young, uniform anisotropic atrial bundles, propagation of progressively earlier premature action potentials continued as a smooth process until propagation ceased simultaneously in all directions. In older, nonuniform anisotropic bundles, however, premature action potentials produced either unidirectional longitudinal conduction block or a dissociated zigzag type of longitudinal conduction (a safer type of propagation, similar to transverse propagation). Directional differences in the velocity of premature action potentials demonstrated that anisotropic propagation was necessary for a reentrant circuit to be contained within an area of 50 mm2, even with very short refractory periods. Quinidine produced Wenckebach periodicity, which disappeared after acetylcholine shortened the action potential. Quinidine also produced use-dependent dissociated zigzag longitudinal conduction in the older, nonuniform anisotropic bundles but not in the young, uniform anisotropic bundles. The electrophysiological consequence was that propagation events differed in an age-related manner in response to the same modification of the sodium conductance. The electrical events at microscopic level showed that conditions leading to obliteration of side-to-side electrical coupling between fibers (e.g., aging and chronic hypertrophy) provide a primary mechanism for reentry to occur within very small areas (1-2 mm) due to a variety of propagation phenomena that do not occur in tissues with tight electrical coupling in all directions.
Molten salt synthesis of nano-sized Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> doped with Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for use as anode material in the lithium-ion battery (2014)

Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> modified Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> anode material with differing content of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was synthesized for the first time by the molten salt method. The Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>4.8</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> electrode showed the best rate performance and superior cycling stability.
Psychotropic Profile of S 17092, a Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitor, Using Quantitative EEG in Young Healthy Volunteers (2007)

The central activity of S 17092, a prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitor, was investigated by quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) in 48 young healthy men participating in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. S 17092 (100, 200, 400 or 600 mg) and placebo were administered once daily for 10 days in a rising multiple-dose scheme. EEG recordings were performed before and repeatedly from 0.5 to 24 h after dose on day 1 and day 10. PEP activity in plasma was also measured for the same periods. S 17092 appeared as a potent inhibitor of PEP activity at all doses, after both single and repeated administrations. EEG changes after acute doses were slight and of short duration, mainly characterized by increased relative alpha 1 power, suggesting a vigilance-promoting EEG profile. After repeated doses and more strikingly after a superimposed dose, increases in relative alpha 1 power were still present with additional increase in relative delta power and decreases in absolute fast alpha, fast beta, theta powers and total power at all doses. These EEG findings suggest that S 17092 might possess some mood-stabilizing potential in addition to its cognition-enhancing properties.
Validity and Reproducibility of Measurement of Islet Autoreactivity by T-Cell Assays in Subjects With Early Type 1 Diabetes (2009)

The cellular immunoblot, U.K.-ELISPOT, and T-cell proliferation assays can distinguish responses from patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects. The limited reproducibility of the measurements overall and of responses to individual analytes may reflect the difficulty in detection of low frequency of antigen-specific T-cells or variability in their appearance in peripheral blood.
N-acetyl cysteine blocks mesangial VCAM-1 and NF-kappa B expression in vivo. (1997)

Inducible vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro involves the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and its interaction with the proximal VCAM-1 promoter. We used a murine model to assess the effect of the antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine on GMC activation in vivo. Single intraperitoneal administration of N-acetyl cysteine completely suppressed LPS-induced VCAM-1 expression on the GMC surface. When an oligonucleotide spanning the NF-kappa B binding region of the VCAM-1 promoter was incubated with extracts from the renal cortex of LPS-treated animals, a single nucleoprotein complex formed. This complex was composed of p50 and p65, but not p52, c-Rel, or RelB, and its formation was dramatically inhibited by pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine, D,L-Buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximide, a compound that depletes glutathione, augmented VCAM-1 expression inducible with a suboptimal amount of LPS to levels comparable with using 50 micrograms of LPS alone, D,L-Buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximide also potentiated the p50-p65 binding activity induced with a suboptimal amount of LPS. These data provide a redox-sensitive, transcriptional link between NF-kappa B and VCAM-1 in GMC in vivo and implicate oxidative stress as an important regulatory signal in the pathogenesis of glomerular mesangial cell disorders.
Temperature Dependence of the Raman Spectra of Graphene and Graphene Multilayers (2007)

We investigated the temperature dependence of the frequency of G peak in the Raman spectra of graphene on Si/SiO2 substrates. The micro-Raman spectroscopy was carried out under the 488 nm laser excitation over the temperature range from -190 to +100 degrees C. The extracted value of the temperature coefficient of G mode of graphene is chi = -0.016 cm-1/ degrees C for the single layer and chi = -0.015 cm-1/ degrees C for the bilayer. The obtained results shed light on the anharmonic properties of graphene.