gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Oral <scp>l</scp>-Arginine Administration Improves Peripheral and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (2001)

L-Arginine treatment significantly improves but does not completely normalizc peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients.
Simultaneous Measurement of Plasma Progesterone, 17-Hydroxyprogesterone and Estradiol-17B by Radioimmunoassay (1971)

Abstract Combining a simple chromatographic system on celite microcolumns with partially specific antisera as binding reagents, simultaneous radioimmunoassay of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and estradiol-17B could be performed on the same aliquot of plasma. These steroids have been measured in plasma samples obtained from subjects of both sexes under various conditions.
Dicer Deficiency Reveals MicroRNAs Predicted to Control Gene Expression in the Developing Adrenal Cortex (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, non-protein-coding RNAs that are an important means of posttranscriptional gene regulation. Deletion of Dicer, a key miRNA processing enzyme, is embryonic lethal in mice, and tissue-specific Dicer deletion results in developmental defects. Using a conditional knockout model, we generated mice lacking Dicer in the adrenal cortex. These Dicer-knockout (KO) mice exhibited perinatal mortality and failure of the adrenal cortex during late gestation between embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5) and E18.5. Further study of Dicer-KO adrenals demonstrated a significant loss of steroidogenic factor 1-expressing cortical cells that was histologically evident as early as E16.5 coincident with an increase in p21 and cleaved-caspase 3 staining in the cortex. However, peripheral cortical proliferation persisted in KO adrenals as assessed by staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. To further characterize the embryonic adrenals from Dicer-KO mice, we performed microarray analyses for both gene and miRNA expression on purified RNA isolated from control and KO adrenals of E15.5 and E16.5 embryos. Consistent with the absence of Dicer and the associated loss of miRNA-mediated mRNA degradation, we observed an up-regulation of a small subset of adrenal transcripts in Dicer-KO mice, most notably the transcripts coded by the genes Nr6a1 and Acvr1c. Indeed, several miRNAs, including let-7, miR-34c, and miR-21, that are predicted to target these genes for degradation, were also markedly down-regulated in Dicer-KO adrenals. Together these data suggest a role for miRNA-mediated regulation of a subset of genes that are essential for normal adrenal growth and homeostasis.
An Improved J-M Software Reliability Growth Model (2012)

Reliability is an important software trustworthy attribute. But most existent reliability model don’t consider the severity degree of software fault, so traditional software reliability model can’t reflect the trustworthiness of software. Based on the analysis of typical J-M reliability growth model, this paper modifies some of the model assumptions and classifies the software faults. Besides, this paper presents a new method based on weight to calculate the degree of software reliability. Finally, according to the different of frequency of software faults, a practical reliability prediction method is proposed and the experiment results shows that the improved model has a better forecast accuracy.
Direct Visualization of<i>Trans</i>-Synaptic Neurexin–Neuroligin Interactions during Synapse Formation (2014)

Neurexins and neuroligins are synaptic cell-adhesion molecules that are essential for normal synapse specification and function and are thought to bind to each other trans-synaptically, but such interactions have not been demonstrated directly. Here, we generated neurexin-1β and neuroligin-1 and neuroligin-2 fusion proteins containing complementary "split" GFP fragments positioned such that binding of neurexin-1β to neuroligin-1 or neuroligin-2 allowed GFP reconstitution without dramatically changing their binding affinities. GFP fluorescence was only reconstituted from split-GFP-modified neurexin-1β and neuroligin-1 if and after neurexin-1β bound to its neuroligin partner; reassociation of the split-GFP components with each other did not mediate binding. Using trans-cellular reconstitution of GFP fluorescence from split-GFP-modified neurexin-1β and neuroligins as an assay, we demonstrate that trans-synaptic neurexin/neuroligin binding indeed occurred when mouse hippocampal neurons formed synapses onto non-neuronal COS-7 cells expressing neuroligins or when mouse hippocampal neurons formed synapses with each other. This visualization of synapses by neurexin/neuroligin binding prompted us to refer to this approach as "SynView." Our data demonstrate that neurexin-1β forms a trans-synaptic complex with neuroligin-1 and neuroligin-2 and that this interaction can be used to label synapses in a specific fashion in vivo.
Analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data using self-organizing mapping with spatial connectivity (1999)

Commonly used methods in analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, such as the Student's t-test and cross-correlation analysis, are model-based approaches. Although these methods are easy to implement and are effective in analyzing data obtained with simple paradigms, they are not applicable in situations in which patterns of neuronal response are complicated and when fMRI response is unknown. In this work, Kohonen's self-organizing mapping (SOM), which is a model-free approach, is adapted for analyzing fMRI data. Because spatial connectivity is an important function in the identification of activation sites in functional brain imaging, it is incorporated into the SOM algorithm. Receiver operating characteristic analysis on simulated data shows that the new algorithm achieves measurable improvement over the standard algorithm. The applicability of the new algorithm is demonstrated on experimental data.
Applications of adaptive control to machine tool process control (1989)

Recent research in the area of adaptive machine tool process control is described. The process control problem in metal-cutting operations is considered, and the problems of online tool wear estimation and adaptive process control are discussed. Research in these areas is then summarized, and some results from the research of the authors, including recent laboratory experiments, are presented. Two adaptive control systems, one for turning and the other for milling processes, are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two‐Dimensional Polymers: Just a Dream of Synthetic Chemists? (2009)

In light of the considerable impact synthetic 2D polymers are expected to have on many fundamental and applied aspects of the natural and engineering sciences, it is surprising that little research has been carried out on these intriguing macromolecules. Although numerous approaches have been reported over the last several decades, the synthesis of a one monomer unit thick, covalently bonded molecular sheet with a long-range ordered (periodic) internal structure has yet to be achieved. This Review provides an overview of these approaches and an analysis of how to synthesize 2D polymers. This analysis compares polymerizations in (initially) a homogeneous phase with those at interfaces and considers structural aspects of monomers as well as possibly preferred connection modes. It also addresses issues such as shrinkage as well as domain and crack formation, and briefly touches upon how the chances for a successful structural analysis of the final product can possibly be increased.
Platelet-serotonin release by C3a and C5a: two independent pathways of activation. (1981)

C3a and C5a were investigated for their ability to induce secretion of serotonin from platelets in a homologous guinea pig system. Platelets respond to either anaphylatoxin with a dose-dependent release that does not exceed a plateau at the 70% level. On a molar basis. C5a is about 50-fold more active than the C3 fragment. The C5a effects in the platelet system can be clearly distinguished from the activity of C3a and vice versa by a phenomenon of specific desensitization of the platelets to either stimulus. Our observations lead to the postulation of distinct receptors for C3a and C5a on guinea pig platelets as well as 2 independent pathways of platelet activation, which both lead to a specific release.
Langmuir‐Blodgett films of polymethacrylates with side chains containing functionalized aromatic schiff's bases (1993)

Abstract Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) film formation has been investigated for polymers in which non‐linear optical (NLO) moieties are attached to the side chain of a polymethacrylate (PMA) backbone. Polymer monolayers were successfully transferred onto hydrophilic glass substrates using a moving‐wall type LB trough. The LB films were characterized by pressure‐area isotherms, polarized ultraviolet visible spectra, ellipsometry, and second harmonic generation measurements. The characterization shows that NLO moieties in the side chain are inclined at a shallow angle to the plane of the substrate. The second‐order nonlinear optical coefficient and molecular hyperpolarizability were also calculated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Providing line-of-sight in a free-space-optics based data center architecture (2016)

To overcome the shortcomings of traditional static (wired) data center architectures, we recently proposed FireFly, a fully-flexible and fully-wireless data center network fabric based on free space optical (FSO) links. To facilitate a clear line-of-sight between the FSO devices placed on racks, FireFly uses a full-ceiling mirror for beam redirection. Use of a full-ceiling mirror imposes significant operational and infrastructural challenge and expense. The focus of our paper is to propose and evaluate alternative schemes to provide line-of-sight for FSO links in FireFly. In particular, we propose two schemes: (i) strategically placed multiple but small overhead mirrors, and (2) “towers” on top of racks, on which FSOs can be placed at regular heights. We develop comprehensive techniques for the above suggested schemes, and demonstrate the viability of these schemes by evaluating their performance using simulations for various performance metrics of interest.
Life-Cycle Monitoring and Voltage-Managing Unit for DC-Link Electrolytic Capacitors in PWM Converters (2010)

A novel life-cycle monitoring and voltage-managing device for dc-link electrolytic capacitors in pulsewidth modulation converters is presented. The system performs online identification of the capacitor's equivalent series resistance (ESR) in order to detect the life-cycle status and permit preventive maintenance. The ESR detection is based on the capacitor's ac losses calculated from voltage/current measurements using a simple low-cost microcontroller. The unit is designed as small printed circuit board located directly at the capacitor's screw terminals in order to simplify the required temperature sensing and to minimize wiring effort. The minimized energy consumption allows a power supply taken out of the capacitor to be tested. Besides life-cycle monitoring, the unit further facilitates energy-efficient voltage balancing for capacitors in series arrangements avoiding any power resistors typically used in balancing circuits. Instead, the unit controls the capacitor voltage by influencing its power consumption. Each individual monitoring unit (one per each power capacitor of the converter) transfers the ESR results to the converter's main controller and receives control commands via a common optoisolated fieldbus. Alternatively, this data transfer is performed using wireless near-field communication leading to a completely autonomous monitoring unit without any wiring for power supply and data transmission.
Selection for Loss of Ref1 Activity in Human Cells Releases Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from Cyclophilin A Dependence during Infection (2004)

Capsid (CA)-specific restrictions are determinants of retroviral tropism in mammalian cells. One such restriction, human Ref1, targets strains of murine leukemia virus bearing an arginine at CA residue 110 (N-MLV), resulting in decreased accumulation of viral cDNA. The cellular factors accounting for Ref1 activity are unknown. As(2)O(3) increases N-MLV titer in Ref1-positive cells, possibly by counteracting Ref1. Restriction factor saturation experiments suggest that Ref1 may also target human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but only if its CA is not bound to the cellular protein cyclophilin A (CypA). As a step towards understanding the genetic determinants of Ref1, we subjected Ref1-positive TE671 cells to three sequential rounds of selection with N-MLV reporter viruses. We isolated a subclone, 17H1, that was permissive for N-MLV infection and therefore deficient in Ref1 activity. Stimulation of N-MLV replication by As(2)O(3) was attenuated in 17H1, confirming that the drug acts by overcoming Ref1 activity. HIV-1 infection of 17H1 cells was resistant to disruption of the CA-CypA interaction, demonstrating that Ref1 restricts CypA-free HIV-1. Our results suggest that interaction with CypA evolved to protect HIV-1 from this human antiviral activity.
[Enzymatic activity of the nuclear matrix]. (1994)

The scope of the review is to illustrate the great diversity of enzymatic activities bound to the nuclear matrix. These data are usually summarized in terms of replication, transcription, DNA repair, etc. Such an approach is understandable; however, the great diversity of enzymes is thereby obscured. The review presents the data on enzymatic activities according to the International Enzyme Classification (EC) with the main emphasis on the enzymological aspects of the phenomena described. The enzymes represent almost all classes of enzymes discovered in the nuclear matrix: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, isomerases and ligases. The presence of ligases is supposed. Nuclear matrix enzymes form functional systems which provide the replication, transcription and regulation of gene expression, DNA repair, transduction of signals by the secondary messengers, antiviral defence, maintenance and modification of the nuclear matrix structure and recombination.
Space Intensity Correlations in the Near Field of the Scattered Light: A Direct Measurement of the Density Correlation Function<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">g</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">r</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math> (2000)

We show that the two point intensity correlation in the near field of the scattered light is directly related to the two point density correlation g(r). Preliminary measurements on two sets of calibrated random pinholes of 140 and 300 &mgr;m diameters, and on aqueous solutions of latex spheres of 5, 10, and 40 &mgr;m are reported. A discussion on the desirability of the technique as a simple and powerful alternative to low angle scattering will be presented.
The MYB96 Transcription Factor Mediates Abscisic Acid Signaling during Drought Stress Response in Arabidopsis (2009)

Plant adaptive responses to drought are coordinated by adjusting growth and developmental processes as well as molecular and cellular activities. The root system is the primary site that perceives drought stress signals, and its development is profoundly affected by soil water content. Various growth hormones, particularly abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin, play a critical role in root growth under drought through complex signaling networks. Here, we report that a R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, MYB96, regulates drought stress response by integrating ABA and auxin signals. The MYB96-mediated ABA signals are integrated into an auxin signaling pathway that involves a subset of GH3 genes encoding auxin-conjugating enzymes. A MYB96-overexpressing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant exhibited enhanced drought resistance with reduced lateral roots. In the mutant, while lateral root primordia were normally developed, meristem activation and lateral root elongation were suppressed. In contrast, a T-DNA insertional knockout mutant was more susceptible to drought. Auxin also induces MYB96 primarily in the roots, which in turn induces the GH3 genes and modulates endogenous auxin levels during lateral root development. We propose that MYB96 is a molecular link that mediates ABA-auxin cross talk in drought stress response and lateral root growth, providing an adaptive strategy under drought stress conditions.
Computational Neuroscience (1988)

The ultimate aim of computational neuroscience is to explain how electrical and chemical signals are used in the brain to represent and process information. This goal is not new, but much has changed in the last decade. More is known now about the brain because of advances in neuroscience, more computing power is available for performing realistic simulations of neural systems, and new insights are available from the study of simplifying models of large networks of neurons. Brain models are being used to connect the microscopic level accessible by molecular and cellular techniques with the systems level accessible by the study of behavior.
A New Method To Determine the Generation of Hydroxyl Radicals in Illuminated TiO<sub>2</sub>Suspensions (1997)

The generation of hydroxyl (•OH) radicals produced by irradiation of aqueous TiO2 suspensions was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and product analysis employing a stable free nitroxide radical (3-carboxyproxyl) as a spin trap of •OH. Product analysis demonstrated that the attack of •OH on 3-carboxyproxyl produces a diamagnetic product (proxyl−NH) with a trapping efficiency of ca. 80%. It could also be shown that a small amount of the nitroxides is reduced by conducting band electrons. The rate of formation of •OH could be determined by monitoring the time dependence of the decrease in the concentration of 3-carboxyproxyl monitored by EPR spectroscopy or the time dependence of the increase in the concentration of proxyl−NH monitored by gas chromatography analysis. The rate of formation of •OH serves as a mechanistic parameter to investigate the mechanism of formation of this reactive species by the photoexcitation of TiO2. The dependence of the rate of formation of •OH was shown to be a linear function of light intensity at low intensities. It was observed that molecular oxygen, a good scavenger of conduction band electrons, only slightly influences the rate of formation of •OH and supports the production of •OH from photogenerated holes. Addition of selected anions to the photolysis mixtures results in a diminished rate of disappearance of the spin trap as the result of a competition between the spin trap and the anion for •OH. From a Stern−Volmer analysis of the data, the rate constant for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with the anions was determined.
Graphene−Metal Particle Nanocomposites (2008)

Graphene sheets, which possess unique nanostructure and a variety of fascinating properties, can be considered as promising nanoscale building blocks of new composites, for example, a support material for the dispersion of nanoparticles. Here, we present a general approach for the preparation of graphene−metal particle nanocomposites in a water−ethylene glycol system using graphene oxide as a precursor and metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt and Pd) as building blocks. These metal nanoparticles are adsorbed on graphene oxide sheets and play a pivotal role in catalytic reduction of graphene oxide with ethylene glycol, leading to the formation of graphene−metal particle nanocomposites. The typical methanol oxidation of graphene−Pt composites in cyclic voltammograms analyses indicated its potential application in direct methanol fuel cells, bringing graphene−particle nanocomposites close to real technological applications.
Characterization of vesicular glutamate transporter in pancreatic α- and β-cells and its regulation by glucose (2003)

Glutamate has been suggested to play an important role in the release of insulin and glucagon from pancreatic cells via exocytosis. Vesicular glutamate transporter is a rate-limiting step for glutamate release and is involved in the glutamate-evoked exocytosis. Two vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1 and -2) have recently been cloned from the brain. In this report, we first functionally characterized vesicular glutamate transporter in cultured pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells, and then detected mRNA expression of VGLUT1 and -2 in these cells. We also investigated the effect of high or low level of glucose on vesicular glutamate transport in cultured pancreas cells. Our results suggest that both alpha- and beta-cells contain functional vesicular glutamate transporter. The transport characteristics are similar to the cloned neuronal VGLUT1 and -2 in regard to ATP dependence, substrate specificity, kinetics, and chloride dependence. VGLUT2 mRNA is expressed in both alpha- and beta-cells, whereas VGLUT1 is only expressed in beta-cells. High (12.8 mM) and low (2.8 mM) concentrations of glucose increased vesicular glutamate transport in beta- and alpha-cells, respectively. VGLUT2 mRNA was significantly increased in beta- and alpha-cells by high and low glucose concentration, respectively. This increase in VGLUT2 mRNA was suppressed by actinomycin D. We conclude that both alpha- and beta-cells possess functional vesicular glutamate transporters regulated by alteration in glucose concentration, partly via the transcriptional mechanism.
Reproducible layer-by-layer exfoliation for free-standing ultrathin films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2012)

We developed a facile fabrication method for highly transparent free-standing SWNT ultrathin films. The SWNT ultrathin films can be reproducibly exfoliated from the dense SWNT film on the filter by surface tension of deionized water, which were easily transferred onto PET substrates to make highly sensitive flexible chemiresistive sensors.
Pharmacokinetics and Whole‐Blood Bactericidal Activity against<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>of Single Doses of PNU‐100480 in Healthy Volunteers (2010)

Single doses of PNU-100480 to 1000 mg were well tolerated and exhibited antimycobacterial activity superior to 300 mg of linezolid at steady state. Additional studies are warranted to define its role in drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Computational Support for Concurrent Engineering of Cable Harnesses (1992)

Abstract Design and production of cables for aerospace systems provide the background for the development of concurrent engineering framework. Key issues include the development of an architecture that supports collaboration among engineers associated with different parts of the cable design process and the development of hierarchical representations that capture the different characteristics (e.g., connectivity, geometry) of the harnesses. The abstraction of design information results in features, while the abstraction of operations leads to the development of agents. These abstractions are essential for efficient transactions among people and computer tools in a domain that involves numerous interacting constraints. We have decomposed the cable design process into five basic categories of tasks that are each addressed by an “agent”: the Environment Editor, the Free Space Manager, the Cable Editor, the Component Selector, and the Cost Comparator. In this paper the strategy for the problem decomposition, the definition of features, and the ways in which features are used by various agents, are discussed. We conclude with a discussion of some of the issues raised by the project and the steps underway to address them.