gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Yaw Rate and Lateral Acceleration Sensor Plausibilisation in an Active Front Steering Vehicle (2007)

Accurate measurements from sensors measuring the vehicle's lateral behavior are vital in todays vehicle dynamic control systems such as the Electronic Stability Program (ESP). This thesis concerns accurate plausibilisation of two of these sensors, namely the yaw rate sensor and the lateral acceleration sensor. The estimation is based on Kalman filtering and culminates in the use of a 2 degree-of-freedom nonlinear two-track model describing the vehicle lateral dynamics. The unknown and time-varying cornering stiffnesses are adapted while the unknown yaw moment of inertia is estimated. The Kalman filter transforms the measured signals into a sequence of residuals that are then investigated with the aid of various change detection methods such as the CuSum algorithm. An investigation into the area of adaptive thresholding has also been made. The change detection methods investigated successfully detects faults in both the yaw rate and the lateral acceleration sensor. It it also shown that adaptive thresholding can be used to improve the diagnosis system. All of the results have been evaluated on-line in a prototype vehicle with real-time fault injection.
A discussion on IGBT short-circuit behavior and fault protection schemes (1995)

IGBTs are available with short-circuit withstand times approaching those of bipolar transistors. These IGBTs can therefore be protected by the same relatively slow-acting circuitry. The more efficient IGBTs, however, have lower short-circuit withstand times. While protection of these types of IGBTs is not difficult, it does require a reassessment of the traditional protection methods used for bipolar transistors. An in-depth discussion on the behavior of IGBTs under different short-circuit conditions is carried out and the effects of various parameters on permissible short-circuit time are analyzed. The paper also rethinks the problem of providing short-circuit protection in relation to the special characteristics of the most efficient IGBTs. The pros and cons of some of the existing protection circuits are discussed and, based on the recommendations, a protection scheme is implemented to demonstrate that reliable short-circuit protection of these types of IGBTs can be achieved without difficulty in a PWM power convertor motor drive application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interaction of Superplasticizers with Calcium Aluminate Cements (2000)

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Itraconazole Oral Solution for Primary Prophylaxis of Fungal Infections in Patients with Hematological Malignancy and Profound Neutropenia: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Placebo, Multicenter Trial Comparing Itraconazole and Amphotericin B (2000)

Systemic and superficial fungal infections are a major problem among immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancy. A double-blind, double-placebo, randomized, multicenter trial was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of itraconazole oral solution (2.5 mg/kg of body weight twice a day) with amphotericin B capsules (500 mg orally four times a day) for prophylaxis of systemic and superficial fungal infection. Prophylactic treatment was initiated on the first day of chemotherapy and was continued until the end of the neutropenic period (>0.5 x 10(9) neutrophils/liter) or up to a maximum of 3 days following the end of neutropenia, unless a systemic fungal infection was documented or suspected. The maximum treatment duration was 56 days. In the intent-to-treat population, invasive aspergillosis was noted in 5 (1.8%) of the 281 patients assigned to itraconazole oral solution and in 9 (3.3%) of the 276 patients assigned to oral amphotericin B; of these, 1 and 4 patients died, respectively. Proven systemic fungal infection (including invasive aspergillosis) occurred in 8 patients (2.8%) who received itraconazole, compared with 13 (4.7%) who received oral amphotericin B. Itraconazole significantly reduced the incidence of superficial fungal infections as compared to oral amphotericin B (2 [1%] versus 13 [5%]; P = 0.004). Although the incidences of suspected fungal infection (including fever of unknown origin) were not different between the groups, fewer patients were administered intravenous systemic antifungals (mainly intravenous amphotericin B) in the group receiving itraconazole than in the group receiving oral amphotericin B (114 [41%] versus 132 [48%]; P = 0.066). Adequate plasma itraconazole levels were achieved in about 80% of the patients from 1 week after the start of treatment. In both groups, the trial medication was safe and well tolerated. Prophylactic administration of itraconazole oral solution significantly reduces superficial fungal infection in patients with hematological malignancies and neutropenia. The incidence of proven systemic fungal infections, the number of deaths due to deep fungal infections, and the use of systemic antifungals tended to be lower in the itraconazole-treated group than in the amphotericin B-treated group, without statistical significance. Itraconazole oral solution is a broad-spectrum systemic antifungal agent with prophylactic activity in neutropenic patients, especially for those at high risk of prolonged neutropenia.
Video Super-Resolution Using Codebooks Derived From Key-Frames (2012)

Example-based super-resolution (SR) is an attractive option to Bayesian approaches to enhance image resolution. We use a multiresolution approach to example-based SR and discuss codebook construction for video sequences. We match a block to be super-resolved to a low-resolution version of the reference high-resolution image blocks. Once the match is found, we carefully apply the high-frequency contents of the chosen reference block to the one to be super-resolved. In essence, the method relies on “betting” that if the low-frequency contents of two blocks are very similar, their high-frequency contents also might match. In particular, we are interested in scenarios where examples can be picked up from readily available high-resolution images that are strongly related to the frame to be super-resolved. Hence, they constitute an excellent source of material to construct a dynamic codebook. Here, we propose a method to super-resolve a video using multiple overlapped variable-block-size codebooks. We implemented a mixed-resolution video coding scenario, where some frames are encoded at a higher resolution and can be used to enhance the other lower-resolution ones. In another scenario, we consider the framework where the camera captures a video at a lower resolution and also takes periodic snapshots at a higher resolution. Results indicate substantial gains over interpolation and fixed-codebook SR, and significant gains over previous works as well.
Nuclear envelope permeability measured by fluorescence microphotolysis of single liver cell nuclei. (1983)

Fluorescence microphotolysis ("photobleaching") has been widely used to measure translational diffusion coefficients of lipids and proteins in cell membranes. This communication shows that fluorescence microphotolysis can be also employed for measurement of membrane transport in single cells and organelles. The influx of fluorescently labeled dextrans of graded molecular size into leaky human erythrocyte ghosts and isolated rat liver cell nuclei has been measured. For the nuclear envelope, a functional pore radius of 56-59 A is derived.
Core–shell particles to toughen epoxy resins. I. Preparation and characterization of core–shell particles (1998)

A two-stage, multistep soapless emulsion polymerization was employed to prepare various sizes of reactive core–shell particles (CSPs) with butyl acrylate (BA) as the core and methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymerizing with various concentrations of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as the shell. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was used to crosslink either the core or shell. The number of epoxy groups in a particle of the prepared CSP measured by chemical titration was close to the calculated value based on the assumption that the added GMA participated in the entire polymerization unless it was higher than 29 mol %. Similar results were also found for their solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The MMA/GMA copolymerized and EGDMA-crosslinked shell of the CSP had a maximum glass transition temperature (Tg) of 140°C, which was decreased with the content of GMA at a rate of −1°C/mol %. However, the shell without crosslinking had a maximum Tg of 127°C, which decreased at a rate of −0.83°C/mol %. The Tg of the interphasial region between the core and shell was 65°C, which was invariant with the design variables. The Tg of the BA core was −43°C, but it could be increased to −35°C by crosslinking with EGDMA. The Tg values of the core and shell were also invariant with the size of the CSP. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2069–2078, 1998
Determination of density changes with expansion polymerization (1993)

Abstract Materials that polymerize without substantial volume contraction have numerous valuable applications in dentistry and other fields. Two new symmetrical aliphatic spiro‐orthocar‐bonates, formulated from cis ‐ and trans ‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐cyclohexanol to give 2,3,8,9‐ di (tetramethylene)‐1,5,7,11‐tetraoxaspiro [5,5] undecanes, showed, by density determinations in dilute solution, that expansion occurs with polymerization. The cis / cis ‐spiroorthocarbonate racemic mixture showed a 3.9% expansion upon polymerization, and the trans/trans racemic mixture showed a 3.5% expansion. The densities were determined by pycnometry, with a precision reliable to at least four figures. This method is thus recommended for cases of soluble monomer/polymer pairs for which the density difference will be small and where the partial specific volumes are independent of concentration, thereby avoiding the complexities of variable physical states of monomer and/or polymer. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tanezumab Reduces Osteoarthritic Hip Pain: Results of a Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Phase III Trial (2013)

Our findings indicate that tanezumab provides superior pain relief and improvement in physical function and patient's global assessment versus placebo in patients with painful hip OA, and is generally well tolerated.
Palladium-Mediated N-Arylation of Heterocyclic Diamines: Insights into the Origin of an Unusual Chemoselectivity (2007)

The chemoselectivity of the palladium-mediated reaction of bromobenzene with various heterocyclic diamines was studied. Whatever the ligand used, 3-aminopyrrolidine underwent arylation of the secondary amine function (>82%), whereas the more flexible 3-aminoazepinine was arylated on its primary function (>70%). The ratio "arylation of primary amine versus arylation of secondary amine" of 3-aminopiperidine with bromobenzene varied from 90:10 (BINAP, electron-enriched and hindered biphenyls L2 or L3) to 32:68 with the Josiphos-type ligand L10. The same trend was observed when 4-aminopiperidine was used (82:18 with L2 and 17:83 with L10). This selectivity can be tuned by the choice of aryl halide partners having different steric and electronic properties. A cooperative effect of both nitrogens of diamines during the reaction was deduced from competitive experiments. Finally, 13C and 31P NMR experiments, carried out with 3-aminopyrrolidine at room temperature, support a fast coordination of the primary amine to the metal. Indeed, a palladium complex resulting from the unusual displacement of one phosphane group of the intermediate ArPdX(BINAP) by the primary amino group was characterized.
A self-calibrating bandpass filter and transceiver system tuning and test technique (2004)

The design of a self-calibrating, tunable, channel select filter and transceiver system tuning and test technique implemented in standard 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology for personal area network applications is presented. The active RC bandpass filter features a cascade of biquadratic sections and is used in a low-IF receiver with a 2 MHz IF. A calibration technique adjusts for center frequency skewing by using the final biquad stage as an oscillator to track process variation. The calibration approach is a hybrid of the direct frequency measurement and the master/slave approaches whereby the actual filter resonator is used as a voltage controlled oscillator without the need for additional master block circuitry thus minimizing complexity and die area. The bandpass filter is accessible within the receiver through an integrated test capability that allows for direct measurement of filter parameters. The filter has been successfully fabricated in the design of a fully-integrated, single-chip 2.4 GHz CMOS RFIC. The mean bandpass filter center frequency for a 20-chip lot is 2.0090 MHz with an 11 kHz standard deviation. The group delay ranges from 1.1 to 1.9 /spl mu/s and the BPF consumes 7.4 mA from a 2.5 V supply under typical conditions.
Gendarmes et valeurs: promouvoir la responsabilité sociale et le développement durable des entreprises (2008)

Avec l'Académie royale de Belgique, l'ULB et l'UCL
FREEWAY PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (PEMS) SHOWS BIG PICTURE (2000)

This article describes efforts to collect real-time flow and occupancy data from freeway loop detectors and to make it available for traffic management, research and commercial use in California. The joint project between PATH and Caltrans is called Performance Measurement System (PeMS) and the results are accessed through a Web browser at URL: http://transacct.eecs.berkeley.edu
THE INFLUENCE OF TOOLING METHODS ON THE DENSITY DISTRIBUTION IN COMPLEX METAL-POWDER PARTS (1960)

The theoretical movements required for the various moving tool elements during the pressing cycle are examined for several typical component sections. These theoretical movements are then compared with the actual movements of the moving tool elements in various types of tooling. The conclusion is reached that the conventional tool designs vary greatly from the ideal in many ways, permitting uncontrolled lateral powder movement during pressing and causing excessive density variation in the pressed compact.Three major problems are apparent:(1) The use of a solid die for pressing compacts with varying section thicknesses results in an “average” die movement that is always too great for the thicker section and too small for the thinner section.(2) The double function of the floating punch, which takes vertical pressure on its horizontal face while its vertical face acts as a die, presents a very difficult problem. The floating punch movement, controlled by its horizontal face, is always greater than the correct movement required to give minimum density variation in the portion of the compact formed by the vertical surface of the punch.(3) The various types of support used for floating punches rarely provide the correct timing, sufficient maximum load, or progressively increasing resistance essential to ensure equal density distribution within the powder during the pressing operation.Suggestions for tooling, designed to solve some of these problems, are discussed.
A Green's function approach to local rf heating in interventional MRI (2001)

Current safety regulations for local radiofrequency (rf) heating, developed for externally positioned rf coils, may not be suitable for internal rf coils that are being increasingly used in interventional MRI. This work presents a two-step model for rf heating in an interventional MRI setting: (1) the spatial distribution of power in the sample from the rf pulse (Maxwell's equations); and (2) the transformation of that power to temperature change according to thermal conduction and tissue perfusion (tissue bioheat equation). The tissue bioheat equation is approximated as a linear, shift-invariant system in the case of local rf heating and is fully characterized by its Green's function. Expected temperature distributions are calculated by convolving (averaging) transmit coil specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions with the Green's function. When the input SAR distribution is relatively slowly varying in space, as is the case with excitation by external rf coils, the choice of averaging methods makes virtually no difference on the expected heating as measured by temperature change (deltaT). However, for highly localized SAR distributions, such as those encountered with internal coils in interventional MRI, the Green's function method predicts heating that is significantly different from the averaging method in current regulations. In our opinion, the Green's function method is a better predictor since it is based on a physiological model. The Green's function also elicits a time constant and scaling factor between SAR and deltaT that are both functions of the tissue perfusion rate. This emphasizes the critical importance of perfusion in the heating model. The assumptions made in this model are only valid for local rf heating and should not be applied to whole body heating.
Integrative approach for prioritizing cancer genes in sporadic colon cancer (2009)

Abstract The current multistep carcinogenesis models of colon cancer do not fully capture the genetic heterogeneity of the disease, which is additionally complicated by the presence of passenger and driver genetic alterations. The aim of this study was to select in the context of this significant heterogeneity additional genes functionally related to colon cancer development. High‐throughput copy number and gene expression data of 36 microsatellite stable sporadic colon cancers resected from patients of a single institution characterized for mutations in APC , KRAS , TP53 and loss of 18q were analyzed. Genes whose expression correlated with the underlying copy number pattern were selected, and their association with the above listed mutations and overall survival was evaluated. Gain of 20q was strongly associated with TP53 mutation, and overall survival with alterations on 7p, 8p, 13q, 18q, and 20q. An association with 18q loss and gain of 8q24 was also observed. New candidate genes with a potential role in colon cancer are PLCG1 on 20q, DBC1 on 8q21, and NDGR1 on 8p24. In addition, an unexpected pattern of loss and mutability was found in the region upstream of the KRAS gene. By integrating copy number alterations with gene expression and mutations in colon cancer associated genes, we have developed a strategy that identifies previously known molecular features and additional players in the molecular landscape of colon cancer. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asynchronous timing recovery for passband PS-FSE for single-chip V.32 modems (2002)

In single chip V.32 modems (full duplex) there are two clocks that must be synchronized: the near-end and the far-end clock. However, a single chip implementation has only a single clock. In the present design the transmit data is generated and echoes cancelled synchronously using the near-end clock. Far-end data is generated from the far-end clock and thus for successful demodulation the far-end samples must be interpolated to the correct timing epochs for near-end detection and as such are asynchronous with the near-end (chip) clock. The authors employ an all-pass interpolation, low pass filter in this role and their research represents the first application of adaptive, asynchronous timing recovery to a receiver containing an adaptive equalizer. Such filters have previously (Park, 1991) been used in sample rate conversion in audio signal processing applications. The present data detection algorithms use a passband, phase-splitting, fractionally spaced equalizer (PS-FSE) with adaptive carrier recovery (Funderburk and McLean, 1992). The algorithm for timing error measurement uses a well known method based on the equalizer tap-gains to develop an error signal for adaptive, asynchronous timing recovery and sample-rate conversion. However, its application to a PS-FSE is new. Also, the present algorithm involves polyphase interpolation filters and the required rate conversion if the near-end clock is relatively faster or slower than the far-end clock. Performance is demonstrated using computer simulation and a real-time, DSP based experiment that uses a telephone network simulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Intrauterine defensive mechanism of amniotic fluid and fetal membranes]. (1994)

To determine the intrauterine defensive role of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), we studied the effects of UTI in amniotic fluid, fetal membranes and myometrium. The level of UTI was 94 +/- 34 U/ml in neonatal urine (compared to adult urine 8.0 +/- 6.0 U/ml) and 88 +/- 37 U/ml in amniotic fluid. This may indicate that the main source of UTI in the amniotic fluid is the fetal urine. UTI was found to be concentrated in vernix, fetal intestine, amniotic membranes and uterine myometrium. Immunostaining of term amnion revealed a dark staining for UTI, whereas in premature deliveries UTI staining was markedly decreased. In myometrium, the concentration of UTI was found to be increased during pregnancy compared to non pregnant myometrium. Also, placentas were well stained for UTI in term pregnancy. Thus UTI has an important role in amniotic fluid, fetal membranes, placenta and uterine muscles. UTI has an inhibitory effect on several enzymes and cytokines. UTI was found to inhibit neutrophil elastase activity as well as trypsin activity. Its inhibitory activity was increased in the presence of lipid. LPS stimulated amnion cells trapped more UTI than unstimulated amnion cells. UTI in amnion cells was released after addition of 1% meconium solution. UTI was also found to inhibit the effect of IL-1, TNF and interleukin-8 on amnion. These results indicate that UTI localized in amnion is important in the protection of fetal membrane especially against bacterial infections and cytokines. It is known that endothelin (ET), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and oxytocin can induce uterine contraction. UTI could inhibit uterine contractions stimulated by ET, PGF2 alpha and oxytocin in isometric contraction test. UTI could also inhibit cervical maturation induced by interleukin-8. Therefore UTI is essential for maintenance of pregnancy. From the isometric contraction tests, we assumed that UTI might works through regulation of calcium entry or availability in the cells. Initial increase in intracellular calcium was also inhibited by UTI pre incubation dose dependantly. We examined the change in intracellular calcium at single cell level by digital image analysis with Fura 2AM as a calcium probe. At resting level UTI incubation did not produce any significant changes in intracellular free calcium. Thrombin, LPS, interleukin-8 and ET-1, known calcium agonists could increase intracellular calcium in fibroblasts, amnion and uterine myocytes. Whereas as the same doses of those known calcium agonists could not change the intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations in UTI pre incubated fibroblasts, amnion cells and uterine smooth muscle cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Intraocular pressure reduction using a fixed combination of timolol maleate 0.5% and brimonidine tartrate 0.2% administered three times daily (2013)

Treatment with Combigan three times daily was more effective in reducing IOP than the twice-daily regimen, with no increase in adverse effects.