gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Objective Assessment of the Immediate Postoperative Analgesia Using Pupillary Reflex Measurement (2012)

In the immediate postoperative period, the PDR is significantly correlated with the VRS. The pupillometer could be a valuable tool to guide morphine administration in the immediate postoperative period.
Transient Performance of a Non-Catalytic Syngas Generator for Active DPF Regeneration and NOx Reduction (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Alternatives to UREA Selective Catalytic Reduction are being investigated by most engine manufacturers. A non-catalytic syngas generator allows production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide without the need to modify engine operating conditions. Durability of the syngas generator is enhanced due to the fact that it does not contain any catalyst. The syngas can be used for both active regeneration of Diesel Particulate Filters and Lean NOx Traps.</div>
Chemical Cross-Linking Stabilizes Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimer Antigens (2015)

The development of a vaccine to induce protective antibodies against HIV-1 is of primary public health importance. Recent advances in immunogen design have provided soluble recombinant envelope glycoprotein trimers with near-native morphology and antigenicity. However, these trimers are conformationally flexible, potentially reducing B-cell recognition of neutralizing antibody epitopes. Here we show that chemical cross-linking increases trimer stability, reducing binding of nonneutralizing antibodies while largely maintaining neutralizing antibody binding. Cross-linking followed by positive or negative antibody affinity selection of individual stable conformational variants further improved the antigenic and morphological characteristics of the trimers. This approach may be generally applicable to HIV-1 Env and also to other conformationally flexible pathogen antigens.
Research into the Dynamic Nature of the Human Fovea→Cortex Systems with Intermittent and Modulated Light I Attenuation Characteristics with White and Colored Light (1958)

A generally known method for the dynamic investigation of any linear system is recalled to mind. Applied to the visual organ with sinusoidally modulated light, the dynamic nature of the system fovea→brightness perception is embodied in attenuation characteristics, by plotting the ratio output amplitude over input amplitude against frequency at constant mean luminance. This manner of investigation, first applied in previous papers with white light, is expanded over a greater part of the range of cone vision and is continued with colored light. The existing theories on flicker fusion provide no explanation for the shape of the attenuation characteristics obtained with the experiments and calculated from investigations of other authors.
A generic distributed microservices and container based framework for metaheuristic optimization (2018)

In recent years, metaheuristics have been a convincing solution for solving many types of complex optimization problems. Efficient execution for the most variants of metaheuristics e.g. Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) or Swarm Optimization can require lots of computational power depending on the complexity of the application. For maximizing performance, parallelization of metaheuristic algorithms represents a meaningful approach, especially for EAs featuring an inherent parallelism. However, the majority of existing distributed optimization frameworks are implemented as monolithic and non-distributed applications running on one computer instead of using the computing power of computer clusters. Additionally, the application typically cannot easily work dynamically together with other tools and services like single simulators or combinations of simulators for multi-domain simulations. In the present paper, a new distributed framework for population-based metaheuristics, which can run highly parallelized optimizations on large scale computing clusters is introduced. The framework exploits and combines two lightweight technologies namely container virtualization and microservices for a fully automated and highly scalable solution. Another main advantage of the framework is that it allows plugging in and out different metaheuristic optimization algorithms and services via its modular distributed architecture. In order to validate the new design and implementation, the EA GLEAM (General Learning Evolutionary Algorithm and Method) [2, 3] is integrated into the framework and deployed on a cluster with 4 nodes and 128 cores for benchmarking. The tested master-slave parallelization of this EA shows considerable low overhead times and hence paves the way for future applications in, e.g., smart energy systems.
SSW Library: An SIMD Smith-Waterman C/C++ Library for Use in Genomic Applications (2013)

The SSW library has been used in the primary read mapping tool MOSAIK, the split-read mapping program SCISSORS, the MEI detector TANGRAM, and the read-overlap graph generation program RZMBLR. The speeds of the mentioned software are improved significantly by replacing their ordinary Smith-Waterman or banded Smith-Waterman module with the SSW Library.
Making the Organization Come Alive: Talking Through and About the Technology in Remote Banking (2003)

Organizations have increasingly been seeking to interact with their customers using more "remote channels" such as telephone and computer-based technologies. This process has been a part of dramatic technological upheavals as technology enters into customer interactions. This article examines examples of this changing relationship, documenting the role of technology in delivering banking services over remote channels. We present details from two ethnographic studies concerning physical and digital representations of artifacts, talk, and the organization of customer-facing work and their relevance in "designing for the expanded interface." In telephone banking, sharing of objects and reconciliation between different instantiations are achieved through conversation. In video- conferencing, despite visual access to the same artifact, operators still need to guide customers around objects, explaining what they are seeing and what is happening. We look at the use of scripts designed to standardize operator interactions, the demeanor work undertaken by operators to account for the behavior of technology, attempts to configure customer interactions, and issues of trust in such technologically mediated communication.
Modeling foreign architectures with VHPI (2002)

VHPI is the VHDL Procedural Interface, an IEEE standards effort, with an ANSI C interface for developing models and applications that are easily integrated into a compliant simulation tool. VHPI provides sufficient access to the runtime data model to implement foreign architectures equivalent to those which can be described in VHDL. This paper examines how the control and data flow features of VHPI can be used for modeling foreign architectures.
Vestigial sideband filtering at 10 Gbit/s using 12.5 GHz channel-spacing demux (2002)

A 32-channel 12.5 GHz-spaced free-space demux with low crosstalk and low polarisation dependent loss has been constructed. Using this demux, vestigial sideband filtering at 10 Gbit/s has been studied. It is shown that this demux can achieve very high spectral efficiency without polarisation division multiplexing.
Hemodynamic effects of exogenous and endogenous vasopressin at low plasma concentrations in conscious dogs. (1980)

The possibility that vasopressin plays a role in cardiovascular control arouses increasing interest. We studied in unanesthetized dogs the hemodynamic consequences of 1-hour vasopressin infusions that modified plasma concentrations over a range similar to that found in physiological situations. We also examined the cardiovascular events following the stimulation of endogenous vasopressin release by an increase in plasma osmolality. In dogs with baroreceptor reflexes intact, vasopressin infusions which increased plasma vasopressin concentration by 2-20 fmol/ml did not affect mean arterial pressure. However, they significantly decreased cardiac ouput (measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter) and increased total peripheral resistance. After baroreceptor denervation, vasopressin infusion rates as low as 40 fmol/kg per min (0.017 microU/kg per min) led to an increase in mean arterial pressure. Cardiac output was unaffected until much higher infusion rates were used. Changes in total peripheral resistance were very similar to those calculated in dogs with intact baroreceptors. The release of vasopressin following infusions of hypertonic solutions either intravenously or into a carotid artery induced detectable hemodynamic changes which appeared in many respects similar to those following low infusion rates of vasopressin. We conclude that physiological plasma concentrations of vasopressin have hemodynamic effects even though they do not normally modify arterial pressure, presumably because of some particular interaction of vasopressin with the baroreceptor reflex.
Real‐time evaluation of human secretin receptor activity using cytosensor microphysiometry (1999)

Human secretin receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that is functionally linked to the cAMP second messenger system by stimulation of adenylate cyclase. To functionally characterize the receptor and evaluate its signal transduction pathway, the full-length human secretin receptor cDNA was subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pRc/CMV and expressed in cultured CHO cells. Intracellular cAMP accumulation of the stably transfected cells was measured by a radioimmunoassay (RIA), while the extracellular acidification rate was measured by the Cytosensor microphysiometer. Human secretin and biotinylated human secretin were equipotent in both assays in a dose-dependent manner. The EC50 values of stimulating the intracellular cAMP accumulation and the extracellular acidification rate were 0.2–0.5 nM and 0.1 nM, respectively, indicating that microphysiometry is more sensitive than the cAMP assay in monitoring ligand stimulation of the human secretin receptor. The secretin-stimulated response could be mimicked by forskolin and augmented by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, indicating that the extracellular acidification response is positively correlated with intracellular cAMP level. The response could be abolished by the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89, suggesting that protein kinase A plays an essential role in the intracellular signaling of the receptor. Upon repeated stimulation by the ligand, the peak acidification responses did not change significantly at both physiological (0.03 nM and 3 nM) and pharmacological (0.3 μM) concentrations of human secretin, suggesting that the human secretin receptor did not exhibit robust homologous desensitization. J. Cell. Biochem. 72:517–527, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Querying big graphs within bounded resources (2014)

This paper studies the problem of querying graphs within bounded resources. Given a query Q, a graph G and a small ratio α, it aims to answer Q in G by accessing only a fraction GQ of G of size |GQ| ≤ α |G|. The need for this is evident when G is big while our available resources are limited, as indicated by α. We propose resource-bounded query answering via a dynamic scheme that reduces big G to GQ. We investigate when we can find the exact answers Q(G) from GQ, and if GQ cannot accommodate enough information, how accurate the approximate answers Q(GQ) are. To verify the effectiveness of the approach, we study two types of queries. One consists of pattern queries that have data locality, such as subgraph isomorphism and strong simulation. The other is the class of reachability queries, without data locality. We show that it is hard to get resource-bounded algorithms with 100% accuracy: NP-hard for pattern queries, and non-existing for reachability when α ≠ 1. Despite these, we develop resource-bounded algorithms for answering these queries. Using real-life and synthetic data, we experimentally evaluate the performance of the algorithms. We find that they scale well for both types of queries, and our approximate answers are accurate, even 100% for small α.
Filtered noise can mimic low-dimensional chaotic attractors (1993)

This contribution presents four results. First, calculations indicate that when examined by the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm alone, filtered noise can mimic low-dimensional chaotic attractors. Given the ubiquity of signal filtering in experimental investigations, this is potentially important. Second, a criterion is derived which provides an estimate of the minimum data accuracy needed to resolve the dimension of an attractor. Third, it is shown that a criterion derived by Eckmann and Ruelle [Physica D 56, 185 (1992)] to estimate the minimum number of data points required in a Grassberger-Procaccia calculation can be used to provide a further check on these dimension estimates. Fourth, it is shown that surrogate data techniques recently published by Theiler and his colleagues [in Nonlinear Modeling and Forecasting, edited by M. Casdagli and S. Eubanks (Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 1992)] can successfully distinguish between linearly correlated noise and nonlinear structure. These results, and most particularly the first, indicate that Grassberger-Procaccia results must be interpreted with far greater circumspection than has previously been the case, and that the algorithm should be used in combination with additional procedures such as calculations with surrogate data. When filtered signals are examined by this algorithm alone, a finite noninteger value of ${\mathit{D}}_{2}$ is consistent with low-dimensional chaotic behavior, but it is certainly not a definitive diagnostic of chaos.
Strategies for the production of long-acting therapeutics and efficient drug delivery for cancer treatment (2019)

Protein therapeutics play a significant role in treating many diseases. They, however, suffer from patient's proteases degradation and antibody neutralization which lead to short plasma half-lives. One of the ways to overcome these pitfalls is the frequent injection of the drug albeit at the cost of patient compliance which affects the quality of life of patients. There are several techniques available to extend the half-life of therapeutics. Two of the most common protocols are PEGylation and fusion with human serum albumin. These two techniques improve stability, reduce immunogenicity, and increase drug resistance to proteases. These factors lead to the reduction of injection frequency which increases patient compliance and improve quality of life. Both techniques have already been used in many FDA approved drugs. This review describes many technologies to produce long-acting drugs with the attention of PEGylation and the genetic fusion with human serum albumin. The report also discusses the latest modified therapeutics in the field and their application in cancer therapy. We compare the modification methods and discuss the pitfalls of these modified drugs.
Future transmitter/receiver diversity schemes in broadcast wireless networks (2006)

An open diversity architecture for a cooperating broadcast wireless network is presented that exploits the strengths of the existing digital broadcast standards. Different diversity techniques for broadcast networks that will minimize the complexity of broadcast systems and improve received SNR of broadcast signals are described. Resulting digital broadcast networks could require fewer transmitter sites and thus be more cost effective with less environmental impact. Transmit diversity is particularly investigated since it obviates the major disadvantage of receive diversity being the difficulty of locating two receive antennas far enough apart in a small mobile device. The schemes examined here are compatible with existing broadcast and cellular telecom standards, and can be incorporated into existing systems without change
Zika virus pathogenesis in rhesus macaques is unaffected by pre-existing immunity to dengue virus (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging virus that has recently spread into dengue virus (DENV) endemic regions and cross-reactive antibodies (Abs) could potentially affect ZIKV pathogenesis. Using DENV-immune serum, it has been shown in vitro that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ZIKV infection can occur. Here we study the effects of pre-existing DENV immunity on ZIKV infection in vivo. We infect two cohorts of rhesus macaques with ZIKV; one cohort has been exposed to DENV 2.8 years earlier and a second control cohort is naïve to flaviviral infection. Our results, while confirming ADE in vitro, suggest that pre-existing DENV immunity does not result in more severe ZIKV disease. Rather our results show a reduction in the number of days of ZIKV viremia compared to naïve macaques and that the previous exposure to DENV may result in modulation of the immune response without resulting in enhancement of ZIKV pathogenesis.
Lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI): status and perspectives (2012)

As optical components continue to replace electronics in ultrafast signal processing applications, a growing interest in further miniaturization and integration of photonic devices on a single chip is observed. Therefore, optical waveguides of high refractive index contrast of core and cladding materials are developed since a couple of years. They can have a very small cross section and also bending radius, enabling the development of ultra-compact photonic integrated devices and circuits. Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) waveguides ("photonic wires") and devices are the most prominent examples. A corresponding technology for Lithium Niobate-On-Insulator (LNOI) waveguides is still in its infancy, though LN offers - in contrast to SOI - excellent electro-optic, acousto-optic, and nonlinear optical properties. Moreover, it can be easily doped with rare-earth ions to get a laser active material. Therefore, LNOI photonic wires will enable the development of a wide range of extremely compact, active integrated devices, including electro-optical modulators, tunable filters, nonlinear (periodically poled) wavelength converters, and amplifiers and lasers of different types. The state-of-the-art of LNOI films as platform for high-density integrated optics is reviewed. Using a full-wafer technology (3" diameter), sub-micrometer thin LN films are obtained by high-dose He<sup>+</sup> ion implantations, crystal-bonding to a low-index substrate (preferably SiO<sub>2</sub>) and cleaving by a special annealing step ("ion-beam-slicing"). Various LNOI structures, also combined with metallic layers, are presented. Based on such platforms, photonic wires and micro-photonic devices are developed using different micro- and nano-structuring techniques. To be specific, the fabrication and characterization of LNOI photonic wires with cross-section < 1 μm<sup>2</sup>, and periodically poled LNOI photonic wires for second harmonic generation are reported in detail.
Data processing: Pattern recognition: A review: Optical techniques developed to discern military targets are being studied for industrial and commercial applications (1981)

Describes how optical techniques are being developed to discern military targets are being studied for industrial and commercial applications.
GaAs–Ga<i>x</i>Al1−<i>x</i>As Heterostructure Injection Lasers which Exhibit Low Thresholds at Room Temperature (1970)

The electrical and optical properties of GaAs–GaxAl1−xAs injection lasers produced by solution epitaxy are described. These lasers are composed of three layers, n-GaAs, a thin p-GaAs layer, and a p-GaxAl1−xAs layer. In these lasers, the threshold current Jth is a strong function of the width of the p-GaAs layer d, being optimum where d is about 2 μ. The temperature dependence of Jth is comparatively small below some maximum temperature TM, above which it increases very rapidly. The values of Jth obtained near room temperature for these lasers are lower than have previously been reported for injection lasers. Fabry-Perot-type diodes with cavities of about 400 μ may be reproducibly prepared with Jth (300°K) about 10 000 A/cm2. The lowest Jth (300°K) observed for one of these units was 8600 A/cm2. Units with fully internally reflected modes can be reproducibly prepared with Jth (300°K) ≈6000–7000 A/cm2. The low Jth (300°K) of these lasers is attributed primarily to carrier confinement, although improved optical confinement and reduced absorption losses may also play a role. The behavior of Jth at TM and the minimum in Jth as a function d are attributed to hole injection.
A New Approach on Modeling for Product Development. Expansion and Unification. (1999)

The authors introduced a new approach on modeling and proposed a concept of the functional model in the previous report. A method for expansion and unification of this functional model is presented in the present report. The machine is an organic system consists of many parts. All parts act cooperating one another, transferring and changing the energy according to their specific rolls, and as the result of their dynamical collaborations, the machine fulfills its mission as required performance. It is necessary for next age computer aided development of machine to construct the virtual product with which connecting parts from small scale to large scale units, assembling the machine from parts to total product, exchanging parts and disassembling the machine can be performed by simulation in the computer. The proposed method makes this possible. This method is shaped up with three application examples.
Generating and Analyzing Test cases from Software Requirements using NLP and Hadoop (2014)

Software testing is the most critical step of software development since it ensures that the system under developments free of errors and unprecedented faults and matches the expectation and requirements elicited from users and stakeholders. However, the process of testing is currently a manual process and is thus prone to mistakes by human testers and timeconsuming and arduous. This paper proposes the automation of the task of generating test cases from software requirements written in natural language. This solves the problems of human errors and requirement of manual effort in ensuring coverage of requirements specified during requirements elicitation. It also enables test cases to be generated early on in the software development lifecycle based on requirements documents. The method we propose involves taking software requirements expressed in natural language as input and processing them using natural language processing techniques such as POS tagging and parsing. These NLP constructs are used to represent the requirements in the form of tree structures, which are used to generate knowledge graphs that depict the essential flow of the system. These paths can be traversed using methods such as boundary value analysis, etc. to obtain a suite of test cases.