gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The olfactory route for cerebrospinal fluid drainage into the peripheral lymphatic system (2006)

Drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid through the olfactory nerves into the nasal lymphatics has been suggested repeatedly. To investigate precisely the morphology of this pathway, India ink was injected into the subarachnoidal space of the rat brain, and samples including the olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts and the nasal mucosa were observed by light and electron microscopy. Under the dissecting microscope, ink particles were found within the subarachnoid space and along the olfactory nerves. At the nasal mucosa, a lymphatic network stained in black was identified near the olfactory nerves, which finally emptied into the superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes. Light microscopically, ink particles were found in the subarachnoid space, partially distributed around the olfactory nerves and within the lymphatic vessels. By electron microscopy, the subarachnoid space often formed a pocket-like space in the entrance of the fila olfactoria. The olfactory nerves were partially surrounded by ink particles within the space between perineurial cells and epineurial fibroblasts. At the nasal mucosa, the lymphatics were frequently located close to the nerves. These results indicate that the cerebrospinal fluid drains from the subarachnoid space along the olfactory nerves to the nasal lymphatics, which in turn, empties into the cervical lymph nodes. This anatomical communication, thus, allows the central nervous system to connect with the lymphatic system. The presence of this route may play an important role in the movement of antigens from the subarachnoidal space to the extracranial lymphatic vessels, resulting in inducement of an immune response of the central nervous system.
A fuzzy clustering neural network architecture for multifunction upper-limb prosthesis (2003)

Accurate and computationally efficient means of classifying surface myoelectric signals has been the subject of considerable research effort in recent years. The aim of this paper is to classify myoelectric signals using new fuzzy clustering neural network (NN) architectures to control multifunction prostheses. This paper presents a comparative study of the classification accuracy of myoelectric signals using multilayered perceptron NN using back-propagation, conic section function NN, and new fuzzy clustering NNs (FCNNs). The myoelectric signals considered are used in classifying six upper-limb movements: elbow flexion, elbow extension, wrist pronation and wrist supination, grasp, and resting. The results suggest that FCNN can generalize better than other NN algorithms and help the user learn better and faster. This method has the potential of being very efficient in real-time applications.
The Genetic Architecture of Response to Long-Term Artificial Selection for Oil Concentration in the Maize Kernel (2004)

In one of the longest-running experiments in biology, researchers at the University of Illinois have selected for altered composition of the maize kernel since 1896. Here we use an association study to infer the genetic basis of dramatic changes that occurred in response to selection for changes in oil concentration. The study population was produced by a cross between the high- and low-selection lines at generation 70, followed by 10 generations of random mating and the derivation of 500 lines by selfing. These lines were genotyped for 488 genetic markers and the oil concentration was evaluated in replicated field trials. Three methods of analysis were tested in simulations for ability to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL). The most effective method was model selection in multiple regression. This method detected approximately 50 QTL accounting for approximately 50% of the genetic variance, suggesting that >50 QTL are involved. The QTL effect estimates are small and largely additive. About 20% of the QTL have negative effects (i.e., not predicted by the parental difference), which is consistent with hitchhiking and small population size during selection. The large number of QTL detected accounts for the smooth and sustained response to selection throughout the twentieth century.
High-Precision Measurements of Wetland Sediment Elevation: II. The Rod Surface Elevation Table (2002)

ABSTRACT A new high-precision device for measuring sediment elevation in emergent and shallow water wetland systems is described. The rod surface-elevation table (RSET) is a balanced, lightweight mechanical leveling device that attaches to both shallow ( 1 m in order to be stable. The pipe is driven to refusal but typically to a depth shallower than the rod bench mark because of greater surface resistance of the pipe. Thus, the RSET makes it possible to partition change in sediment elevation over shallower (e.g., the root zone) and deeper depths of the sediment profile than is possible with the SET. The confidence intervals for the height of an individual pin measured by two different operators with the RSET under laboratory conditions were ± 1.0 and ± 1.5 mm. Under field conditions, confidence intervals for the measured height of an individual pin ranged from ± 1.3 mm in a mangrove forest up to ± 4.3 mm in a salt marsh.
Ada for Embedded Systems: Issues and Questions. (1987)

Abstract : This report addresses issues and questions related to the use of Ada for embedded systems applications; it contains some preliminary recommendations for compilation system implementors, application developers, program managers,and Ada policy makers. The issues and questions provide the context for the Ada Embedded Systems Testbed (AEST) Project at the Software Engineering Institute, where staff members are investigated software development and performance issues for real-time embedded systems.
Inhibition of Human Mast Cell Chymase by Secretory Leukocyte Proteinase Inhibitor: Enhancement of the Interaction by Heparin (1996)

The inhibition of human chymase, a chymotrypsin-like proteinase stored in mast cell granules, by secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) is investigated in this study. SLPI is a serine proteinase inhibitor present in human mucus secretions and tissues. It binds heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan also found in mast cell secretary granules, and the interaction increases its effectiveness as an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. Analysis of the chymase-SL interaction by equilibrium and kinetic methods indicates that the inhibition of chymase results from the reversible formation of a stable 1:1 enzyme-inhibitor complex. The dissociation equilibrium constant (determined in reactions containing 0.18 M or 1.0M NaCl (pH 8.0, 25 degrees C) was 5 X 10(-8) and 2 x 10(-8) M, respectively. Addition of heparin to the low-salt reaction decreased the Ki approximately 10-fold to a value of 3 x 10(-9) M, making SLPI a more effective inhibitor of human chymase. The decrease was due primarily to an approximately 10-fold increase in the association rate constant (kass) from 2 X 10(4) to 3 X 10(5) M-1 s-1. The magnitudes of the rate and dissociation equilibrium constants indicate that SLPI has the potential to be a good chymase inhibitor in vivo, especially if chymase and heparin are released from mast cell granules simultaneously. The enhanced interaction in the presence of heparin supports the importance of this glycosaminoglycan to the inhibitory function of SLPI.
Ultrafast electron dynamics in epitaxial graphene investigated with time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (2015)

In order to exploit the intriguing optical properties of graphene it is essential to gain a better understanding of the light-matter interaction in the material on ultrashort timescales. Exciting the Dirac fermions with intense ultrafast laser pulses triggers a series of processes involving interactions between electrons, phonons and impurities. Here we study these interactions in epitaxial graphene supported on silicon carbide (semiconducting) and iridium (metallic) substrates using ultrafast time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) based on high harmonic generation. For the semiconducting substrate we reveal a complex hot carrier dynamics that manifests itself in an elevated electronic temperature and an increase in linewidth of the π band. By analyzing these effects we are able to disentangle electron relaxation channels in graphene. On the metal substrate this hot carrier dynamics is found to be severely perturbed by the presence of the metal, and we find that the electronic system is much harder to heat up than on the semiconductor due to screening of the laser field by the metal.
A Pilot Study Identifying a Set of microRNAs As Precise Diagnostic Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury (2015)

In the last decade, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) diagnosis and therapy have not notably improved probably due to delay in the diagnosis, among other issues. Precocity and accuracy should be critical parameters in novel AKI biomarker discovery. microRNAs are key regulators of cell responses to many stimuli and they can be secreted to the extracellular environment. Therefore, they can be detected in body fluids and are emerging as novel disease biomarkers. We aimed to identify and validate serum miRNAs useful for AKI diagnosis and management. Using qRT-PCR arrays in serum samples, we determined miRNAs differentially expressed between AKI patients and healthy controls. Statistical and target prediction analysis allowed us to identify a panel of 10 serum miRNAs. This set was further validated, by qRT-PCR, in two independent cohorts of patients with relevant morbi-mortality related to AKI: Intensive Care Units (ICU) and Cardiac Surgery (CS). Statistical correlations with patient clinical parameter were performed. Our results demonstrated that the 10 selected miRNAs (miR-101-3p, miR-127-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-26b-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-93-3p and miR-10a-5p) were diagnostic biomarkers of AKI in ICU patients, exhibiting areas under the curve close to 1 in ROC analysis. Outstandingly, serum miRNAs estimated before CS predicted AKI development later on, thus becoming biomarkers to predict AKI predisposition. Moreover, after surgery, the expression of the miRNAs was modulated days before serum creatinine increased, demonstrating early diagnostic value. In summary, we have identified a set of serum miRNAs as AKI biomarkers useful in clinical practice, since they demonstrate early detection and high diagnostic value and they recognize patients at risk.
The molecular basis of the Rhesus antigen E<sup>w</sup> (2004)

The single-point mutation T500A in exon 4 of the RHCE gene is a molecular basis of the rare Rhesus antigen Ew.
A comparison of suprapubic and transurethral drainage for postoperative urinary retention in general surgical patients. (1982)

Percutaneous suprapubic bladder drainage, using an indwelling Silastic catheter, was compared with transurethral catheterization for the management of postoperative urinary retention in general surgical patients. In a prospective controlled trail, the overall incidence of postoperative retention was 7%. The urinary infection rate was 70% with transurethral catheterization and 8% with suprapubic drainage. Patients accepted suprapubic damage much more readily than transurethral cateterization and both medical and nursing personnel found the former method easier to manage effectively. Also, the patients' ability to pass urine spontaneously could be assessed without removing the catheter. However, minor mechanical complications were more common with suprapubic drainage. The cost of the two systems is comparable. We conclude that the routine use of suprapubic catheter drainage in the management of postoperative urinary retention significantly reduces the incidence of infection and is the preferred method of treating this common complication.
Low‐Cost, Facile, and Scalable Manufacturing of Capacitive Sensors for Soft Systems (2017)

In the field of soft robotics there is a need for robust and reliable large‐deformation strain sensing. Further, the field needs a way to produce such sensors in large quantities and at low cost. Toward these goals, the fabrication of highly stretchable capacitive strain sensors made from conductive elastomer composites is described here. Two novel methods of manufacturing these sensors directly onto a fabric substrate are developed: direct writing of elastomer using an extrusion process and screen printing of elastomer patterns. The effect of material processing parameters on the parameters of the finished composite films is studied and it is determined that the process is robust to a wide range of variations. The performance of sensors produced on fabric substrates is shown to be similar between the two fabrication processes. Further, the sensors are highly deformable with consistent performance up to 250% strain, and are reliable, with no changes in performance observed at 1000 cycles. It is also demonstrated that the sensors continue to perform with reduced gauge factors up to 100 000 cycles. For comparison, free‐standing capacitive sensors are also produced with the same materials and it is shown that these devices are equally stable and robust. In conclusion, the fabrication process demonstrated here is robust to process variations and is capable of producing sensors directly on fabric substrates, which facilitates the production of large arrays of sensors without the need for an additional assembly step.
Relative Carapace and Chela Proportions in Some Ocypodid Crabs (Brachyura, Ocypodidae) (1968)

RELATIVE CARAPACE AND CHELA PROPORTIONS IN SOME OCYPODID CRABS (BRACHYURA, OCYPODIDAE) BY R. S. K. BARNES N.A.T.O. Postgraduate Research Student, Zoology Department, University of Queensland, Australia INTRODUCTION The use of relative proportions as taxonomic characters in the ocypodid sub- family Macrophthalminae, as indeed in other brachyuran groups, was widespread in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and much of its influence remains today. Tesch (1915), for example, in the only complete review of the genus Macrophthalmus Latreille, made extensive use of relative carapace and chela proportions in distinguishing and defining species of that genus. Unfortunately these early authors assumed
Soot From Fires: II. Mechanisms of Soot Formation (1985)

The mechanisms described for soot formation have been reviewed. It is clear that no one simple mechanism can yet totally describe the complex processes in volved. It has been well established that ions have an important role in the nucleation stage, but controversy still surrounds the extent of their importance as precursors of soot. In the case of polymeric fuels, the gaseous fuels produced by thermal breakdown of the polymer are small organic molecules, which will then, generally, produce soot by mechanisms similar to those for fuels originally gaseous.
Apparatus for Tensile Testing to 5400°F in Vacuum (1963)

An apparatus for tensile testing in vacuum to 5400°F is described. A load-elongation curve is plotted during testing of a standard specimen at a selected nominal strain rate between 0.005 and 5.0 in./in./min. The load train design provides that the grips, as well as the specimen, are in the furnace hot zone. The specimen is heated by radiation from an induction-heated susceptor, and its temperature is uniform within the limits of detection of an optical pyrometer.
Automatic Bar Line Segmentation (2007)

A method that segments the audio according to the position of the bar lines is presented. The method detects musical bars that frequently repeat in different parts of a musical piece by using an audio similarity matrix. The position of each bar line is predicted by using prior information about the position of previous bar lines as well as the estimated bar length. The bar line segmentation method does not depend on the presence of percussive instruments to calculate the bar length. In addition, the alignment of the bars allows moderate tempo deviations.
Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of canine indolent lymphoma (2012)

Indolent lymphoma comprises up to 29% of all canine lymphoma; however, limited information exists regarding the subtypes and biological behaviour. This retrospective study describes the clinical characteristics, histopathological and immunohistochemical features, treatment, outcome and prognostic factors for 75 dogs with indolent lymphoma. WHO histopathological classification and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD79a, CD3, Ki67 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was performed. The most common histopathological subtype was T-zone, 61.7%, (MST 33.5 months), followed by marginal zone, 25%, (MST 21.2 months), P = 0.542. The addition of IHC to preliminary histopathological classification resulted in a revised diagnosis in 20.4% of cases. The use of systemic treatment did not influence survival, P = 0.065. Dogs treated with chlorambucil and prednisone did not reach a MST, compared with a MST of 21.6 months with CHOP-based chemotherapy, P = 0.057. The overall MST of 4.4 years confirms that this is indeed an indolent disease. However, the effect of systemic treatment must be determined through prospective trials.
TEXTURE MODIFICATION OF PROCESSED APPLE SLICES BY A POSTHARVEST HEAT TREATMENT (1979)

ABSTRACT Exposure of Spartan apples ( Malus pumila Mill) to 38°C for 6 days immediately after harvest resulted in a significant reduction in softening during 4 months cold storage. The heat treatment significantly depressed titratable acidity but did not affect soluble solids levels. After 6 months cold storage the apples were prepared as thermally processed slices in retort pouches which were stored at 37° C for 16 wk before product quality was evaluated. Both shear force determinations and sensory analysis revealed that the postharvest heat treatment resulted in significantly firmer apple slices. Calcium dipping as a preprocess treatment also significantly increased apple firmness but control apple slices with calcium added were only as firm as heat‐treated slices without added calcium. Color of the processed slices was slightly affected by the heat treatment but the flavor was not. The sensory panelists significantly preferred the 38°C postharvest heat‐treated processed apple slices overall.
The progressive rise in the expression of alpha crystallin B chain in human endometrium is initiated during the implantation window: modulation of gene expression by steroid hormones (1997)

Human endometrium undergoes sequential changes during the menstrual cycle and becomes receptive to implantation during a defined period in the secretory phase. We attempted to identify the genes expressed during this period by representational difference analysis (RDA). When the cDNAs of a proliferative endometrium were used as the driver and the cDNAs of a post-ovulatory day 5 endometrium were used as the tester, a number of bands were identified by RDA. DNA of the cloned RDA products revealed that the majority of the clones contained a fragment of a cDNA identical to that of a crystallin B chain. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of the alpha crystallin B chain mRNA was absent during the proliferative phase. The expression of the mRNA of alpha crystallin B chain first appeared in the secretory phase, progressively increased during this phase and peaked in the late secretory endometria. The pattern of expression of alpha crystallin B chain mRNA in the endometrium of mature cycling baboons (Papio anubis) was similar to that seen in human endometrium. As revealed by Western blot analysis, the expression of the alpha crystallin B chain protein in human endometrium followed a pattern of expression similar to its mRNA. At the cellular level, the immunoreactive protein first appeared in the surface epithelial cells of human endometrium within the implantation window without significant immunoreactivity in the underlying glandular cells. During the mid- and late secretory phases, the intensity of staining in the epithelial cells was enhanced and an intense immunoreactivity was developed in the glandular epithelium, alpha crystallin B chain was virtually an epithelial product and no immunoreactivity for this protein was detectable in the stromal cells, endothelial cells or lymphoid cells. The expression of alpha crystallin B chain could be regulated, by medroxy progesterone acetate as well as by oestrogen withdrawal, in human endometrial carcinoma cells (EnCa-101), transplanted to nude mice. Based on the data presented here, the known function of alpha crystallin B chain and its distinct pattern of expression in human endometrium, we suggest that this protein is an important factor within the molecular repertoire that makes endometrium receptive to implantation.
Dexloxiglumide Rotta Research Lab. (2002)

Dexloxiglumide, the (R)-isomer of loxiglumide, is a selective and highly potent CCK1 receptor antagonist. It is twice as potent as the racemic compound. because the anti-CCK activity is specific to the (R)-form, whereas the (S)-isomer is almost ineffective. It has been developed by Rotta Research Lab SpA for the treatment of diseases in which CCK1 receptor activity is potentially involved, including gastrointestinal motility, food intake and pancreatic disorders [218696]. Its receptor-mediated actions have been described in multiple in vitro and in vivo pharmacological systems. Results from both preclinical and clinical studies indicate that it is an effective inhibitor of gallbladder contraction, improves lower esophegal sphincter (LES) function, accelerates gastric emptying, accelerates colonic transit and significantly decreases symptoms in IBS and functional dyspepsia patients, and therefore has potential as an effective treatment for constipation-predominant IBS. functional dyspesia, constipation, LES function, gastric emptying disorders and biliary colics. Forest Laboratories has entered into an agreement with Rotta for the development and marketing of dexloxiglumide for the treatment of constipation-predominant IBS and phase III studies are currently ongoing in the US. In August 2000, Merrill Lynch expected that dexloxiglumide would not be launched until 2004 [379892], and in June 2001, predicted a US filing date in 2003 [413928].
Natural gas dehydration by desiccant materials (2011)

Water vapor in a natural gas stream can result in line plugging due to hydrate formation, reduction of line capacity due to collection of free water in the line, and increased risk of damage to the pipeline due to the corrosive effects of water. Therefore, water vapor must be removed from natural gas to prevent hydrate formation and corrosion from condensed water. Gas dehydration is the process of removing water vapor from a gas stream to lower the temperature at which water will condense from the stream; this temperature is called the “dew point” of the gas. Molecular sieves are considered as one of the most important materials that are used as desiccant materials in industrial natural gas dehydration. This work shows a study of natural gas dehydration using 3A molecular sieve as a type of solid desiccant materials, the scope of this work was to build up a pilot scale unit for a natural gas dehydration as simulation of actual existing plant for Egyptian Western Desert Gas Company (WDGC). The effect of different operating conditions (water vapor concentration and gas flow rate) on dehydration of natural gas was studied. The experimental setup consists of cylinder filled with 3A molecular sieve to form a fixed bed, then pass through this bed natural gas with different water vapor concentration, The experimental setup is fitted with facilities to control bed pressure, flow rate, measure water vapor concentration and bed temperature, a gas heater was used to activate molecular sieve bed. Increasing water vapor concentration in inlet feed gas leads to a marked decrease in dehydration efficiency. As expected, a higher inlet flow rate of natural gas decrease dehydration efficiency. Increasing feed pressure leads to higher dehydration efficiency.