gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epithelial Tight Junctions in Intestinal Inflammation (2009)

The epithelium in inflamed intestinal segments of patients with Crohn's disease is characterized by a reduction of tight junction strands, strand breaks, and alterations of tight junction protein content and composition. In ulcerative colitis, epithelial leaks appear early due to micro-erosions resulting from upregulated epithelial apoptosis and in addition to a prominent increase of claudin-2. Th1-cytokine effects by interferon-gamma in combination with TNFalpha are important for epithelial damage in Crohn's disease, while interleukin-13 (IL-13) is the key effector cytokine in ulcerative colitis stimulating apoptosis and upregulation of claudin-2 expression. Focal lesions caused by apoptotic epithelial cells contribute to barrier disturbance in IBD by their own conductivity and by confluence toward apoptotic foci or erosions. Another type of intestinal barrier defect can arise from alpha-hemolysin harboring E. coli strains among the physiological flora, which can gain pathologic relevance in combination with proinflammatory cytokines under inflammatory conditions. On the other hand, intestinal barrier impairment can also result from transcellular antigen translocation via an initial endocytotic uptake into early endosomes, and this is intensified by proinflammatory cytokines as interferon-gamma and may thus play a relevant role in the onset of IBD. Taken together, barrier defects contribute to diarrhea by a leak flux mechanism (e.g., in IBD) and can cause mucosal inflammation by luminal antigen uptake. Immune regulation of epithelial functions by cytokines may cause barrier dysfunction not only by tight junction impairments but also by apoptotic leaks, transcytotic mechanisms, and mucosal gross lesions.
Detection of single DNA molecules by multicolor quantum-dot end-labeling (2005)

Observation of DNA-protein interactions by single molecule fluorescence microscopy is usually performed by using fluorescent DNA binding agents. However, such dyes have been shown to induce cleavage of the DNA molecule and perturb its interactions with proteins. A new method for the detection of surface-attached DNA molecules by fluorescence microscopy is introduced in this paper. Biotin- and/or digoxigenin-modified DNA fragments are covalently linked at both extremities of a DNA molecule via sequence-specific hybridization and ligation. After the modified DNA molecules have been stretched on a glass surface, their ends are visualized by multicolor fluorescence microscopy using conjugated quantum dots (QD). We demonstrate that under carefully selected conditions, the position and orientation of individual DNA molecules can be inferred with good efficiency from the QD fluorescence signals alone. This is achieved by selecting QD pairs that have the distance and direction expected for the combed DNA molecules. Direct observation of single DNA molecules in the absence of DNA staining agent opens new possibilities in the fundamental study of DNA-protein interactions. This work also documents new possibilities regarding the use of QD for nucleic acid detection and analysis.
Synergistic Effects on Crystalline Cellulose Degradation between Cellulosomal Cellulases from<i>Clostridium cellulovorans</i> (2002)

Clostridium cellulovorans produces a multienzyme cellulose-degrading complex called the cellulosome. In this study, we determined the synergistic effects on crystalline cellulose degradation by three different recombinant cellulosomes containing either endoglucanase EngE, endoglucanase EngH, or exoglucanase ExgS bound to mini-CbpA, a part of scaffolding protein CbpA. EngE, EngH, and ExgS are classified into the glycosyl hydrolase families 5, 9, and 48, respectively. The assembly of ExgS and EngH with mini-CbpA increased the activity against insoluble cellulose 1.5- to 3-fold, although no effects on activity against soluble cellulose were observed. These results indicated that mini-CbpA could help cellulase components degrade insoluble cellulose but not soluble cellulose. The mixture of the cellulosomes containing ExgS and EngH showed higher activity and synergy degrees than the other cellulosome mixtures, indicating the synergistic effect between EngH and ExgS was the most dominant effect among the three mixtures for crystalline cellulose degradation. Reactions were also performed by adding different cellulosomes in a sequential manner. When ExgS was used for the initial reaction followed by EngE and EngH, almost no synergistic effect was observed. On the other hand, when EngE or EngH was used for the first reaction followed by ExgS, synergistic effects were observed. These results indicated that the initial reactions by EngH and/or EngE promoted cellulose degradation by ExgS.
Boron–<sup>18</sup>F containing positron emission tomography radiotracers: advances and opportunities (2014)

Standard [(18) F]fluorination methods to form carbon-fluorine bonds can have some limitations such as low yield and the requirement for harsh reaction conditions. Inorganic approaches include the formation of boron-[(18) F]fluorine bonds and have the potential to give high specific activities at room temperature forming a bond that is stable in vivo. There is considerable potential in future applications, particularly in relation to multimodal imaging and the provision of rapid efficient labelling protocols.
Periodic global parameterization (2006)

We present a new globally smooth parameterization method for the triangulated surfaces of arbitrary topology. Given two orthogonal piecewise linear vector fields defined over the input mesh (typically the estimated principal curvature directions), our method computes two piecewise linear periodic functions, aligned with the input vector fields, by minimizing an objective function. The bivariate function they define is a smooth parameterization almost everywhere on the surface, except in the vicinity of singular vertices, edges, and triangles, where the derivatives of the parameterization vanish. We extract a quadrilateral chart layout from the parameterization function and propose an automatic procedure to detect the singularities, and fix them by splitting and reparameterizing the containing charts. Our method can construct both quasiconformal (angle preserving) and quasi-isometric (angle and area preserving) parameterizations. The more restrictive class of quasi-isometric parameterizations is constructed at the expense of introducing more singularities. The constructed parameterizations can be used for a variety of geometry processing applications. Since we can align the parameterization with the principal curvature directions, our result is particularly suitable for surface fitting and remeshing.
Equine Vision and Its Effect on Behavior (2010)

This publication describes horses vision and how to work horses to the best advantage.
Application of active inductors in high-speed I/O circuits (2008)

This thesis explores the use of active inductors as a compact alternative to the bulky passive spiral structures in high-speed I/O circuits. A newly proposed PMOS-based topology is introduced and used in active-inductor terminations. The 1st prototype design fabricated in a 90-nm CMOS process consists of an output driver using active-inductor terminations to provide channel equalization and output impedance matching. From measurement results, the use of active inductors in the termination, as compared to when the active inductor is disabled, increases the vertical eye opening in the receiver side by a factor of two and reduces the jitterp-p by 30% of the transmitted 10 Gb/s (2³¹-1) pseudo-random binary sequence pattern, over a 6-inch FR4 channel. An output impedance matching with S₂₂ less than -10 dB over a bandwidth of 20 GHz is achieved. The pair of active-inductor terminations occupies 17×25 µm² and has a low overhead power consumption of 0.8 mW. In the 2nd prototype design, a 4-stage output buffer with active-inductor loads is designed and implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process. Simulation results verify that when operating at 31.25 Gb/s, the output eye of the active-inductor load buffer compares favorably with that of the passive-inductor load buffer. For a similar eye-height and 78% less timing jitter the active-inductor load design’s speed (31.25 Gb/s) is 25% faster than the passive-resistor load design (25 Gb/s). The active-inductor load output buffer achieves comparable performance in terms of speed, power, and output swing with other reported designs using passive inductors. Its total area is 135×30 µm² (including three differential active inductors) which is comparable to the size of a single passive spiral inductor having a 0.5~1 nH inductance.
Effect of D-tryptophan on hemolysin production in Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1984)

Production of the Kanagawa hemolysin by a strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from a gastroenteritis patient was found to correlate with the presence in cell lysates of two unidentified compounds, designated X and Y. The two compounds were present in cell lysates of the organism grown in peptone at the optimal pH for hemolysin synthesis but were not present when cell lysates were grown in peptone at a constant pH of 8.0. They were also absent in cells grown in synthetic medium at pH 6.2 without the addition of D-tryptophan, a condition under which hemolysin is not produced. Both X and Y were present intracellularly only from the time that D-tryptophan was added to synthetic medium, a known method of inducing hemolysin synthesis.
Medical imaging phased arrays using multilayer ceramics and composites (2002)

This paper reports on recent work fabricating multilayers using an automated lapping process. A direct comparison between a single layer ceramic and a multilayer composite phased array is presented, including sensitivity uniformity across the entire array. A comparison of measured and modeled performance for the same array shows the utility of the KLM model for predicting array performance. Proposed 4- and 5-layer composites are shown to have even better theoretical performance and should be straightforward to fabricate at frequencies up to 3.0 MHz using an established process.
The effects of tamsulosin, a high affinity antagonist at functional <i>α</i><sub>1A</sub>‐ and <i>α</i><sub>1D</sub>‐adrenoceptor subtypes (1997)

1. The actions of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist tamsulosin have been examined at functional alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes and compared with those at the human prostate receptor. 2. At the alpha 1D-adrenoceptors of the rat aorta, tamsulosin acted as a competitive antagonist with a high affinity (pKB = 10.1). 3. At the alpha 1B-adrenoceptor of the rat spleen and rabbit corpus cavernosum penis, tamsulosin again acted as a competitive antagonist but with a significantly lower affinity (pKB = 8.9-9.2). 4. Tamsulosin acted as an unsurmountable antagonist of the alpha 1A-adrenoceptor-mediated responses of the rat and human vas deferens, reducing maximal responses to phenylephrine by 20% and 50%, respectively, at an antagonist concentration of 1 nM. Responses of depolarized (100 mM KCl) rat vas deferens preparations were unaffected by 10 nM tamsulosin but this concentration reduced maximal responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in this tissue. 5. When longer antagonist incubation periods (> or = 60 min) were used, tamsulosin behaved as a competitive antagonist on the human prostate with a significantly higher affinity (pKB = 10.0) than obtained at the alpha 1B-adrenoceptor. 6. The data demonstrate that tamsulosin is a high affinity antagonist at functional alpha 1-adrenoceptors with a selectivity alpha 1D > or = alpha 1A > alpha 1B. In some tissues the compound exhibits an additional unsurmountable antagonist action, the clinical significance of which is unknown.
Distributed Sensor Fusion for Scalar Field Mapping Using Mobile Sensor Networks (2012)

In this paper, autonomous mobile sensor networks are deployed to measure a scalar field and build its map. We develop a novel method for multiple mobile sensor nodes to build this map using noisy sensor measurements. Our method consists of two parts. First, we develop a distributed sensor fusion algorithm by integrating two different distributed consensus filters to achieve cooperative sensing among sensor nodes. This fusion algorithm has two phases. In the first phase, the weighted average consensus filter is developed, which allows each sensor node to find an estimate of the value of the scalar field at each time step. In the second phase, the average consensus filter is used to allow each sensor node to find a confidence of the estimate at each time step. The final estimate of the value of the scalar field is iteratively updated during the movement of the mobile sensors via weighted average. Second, we develop the distributed flocking-control algorithm to drive the mobile sensors to form a network and track the virtual leader moving along the field when only a small subset of the mobile sensors know the information of the leader. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate our proposed algorithms.
Investigation of the surface morphology of capped CdSe nanocrystallites by 31<i>P</i> nuclear magnetic resonance (1994)

Room temperature 31P magic angle sample spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used to study the phosphine chalconide species coordinating the surface of CdSe nanocrystallites. Two surface species are identified: trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and trioctylphosphine selenide (TOPSe). The TOPO coordinates Cd surface sites while trioctylphosphine (TOP) coordinates Se to produce surface TOPSe species. Chemical removal of TOPSe linkages produces CdSe nanocrystallites passivated exclusively with TOPO. A double resonance experiment (31P and 77Se) characterizes the TOPSe species. Quantitative studies indicate coordination to nearly all surface Cd atoms and allows the development of a model for the morphology of an average crystallite surface.
Effect of Wild-type or Mutant Parkin on Oxidative Damage, Nitric Oxide, Antioxidant Defenses, and the Proteasome (2002)

Mutations in Parkin (a ubiquitin protein ligase) are involved in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, but it is not known how they cause nigral cell death. We examined the effect of Parkin overexpression on cellular levels of oxidative damage, antioxidant defenses, nitric oxide production, and proteasomal enzyme activity. Increasing expression of Parkin by gene transfection in NT-2 and SK-N-MC cells led to increased proteasomal activity, decreased levels of protein carbonyls, 3-nitrotyrosine-containing proteins, and a trend to a reduction in ubiquitinated protein levels. Transfection of these cells with DNA encoding three mutant Parkins associated with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (Del 3-5, T240R, and Q311X) gave smaller increases in proteasomal activity and led to elevated levels of protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation. Turnover of the mutant proteins was slower than that of the wild-type protein, and both could be blocked by the proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin. A rise in levels of nitrated proteins and increased levels of NO2-/NO3- was also observed in cells transfected with mutant Parkins, apparently because of increased levels of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase. The presence of mutant Parkin in substantia nigra in juvenile parkinsonism may increase oxidative stress and nitric oxide production, sensitizing cells to death induced by other insults.
A theory of reliability in database systems (1988)

Reliable concurrent processing of transactions in a database system is examined. Since serializability, the conventional concurrency control correctness criterion, is not adequate in the presence of common failures, another theory of correctness is proposed, involving the concepts of commit serializability, recoverability, and resiliency.
Accelerating analytics with dynamic in-memory expressions (2016)

Oracle Database In-Memory (DBIM) accelerates analytic workload performance by orders of magnitude through an in-memory columnar format utilizing techniques such as SIMD vector processing, in-memory storage indexes, and optimized predicate evaluation and aggregation. With Oracle Database 12.2, Database In-Memory is further enhanced to accelerate analytic processing through a novel lightweight mechanism known as Dynamic In-Memory Expressions (DIMEs). The DIME mechanism automatically detects frequently occurring expressions in a query workload, and then creates highly optimized, transactionally consistent, in-memory columnar representations of these expression results. At runtime, queries can directly access these DIMEs, thus avoiding costly expression evaluations. Furthermore, all the optimizations introduced in DBIM can apply directly to DIMEs. Since DIMEs are purely in-memory structures, no changes are required to the underlying tables. We show that DIMEs can reduce query elapsed times by several orders of magnitude without the need for costly pre-computed structures such as computed columns or materialized views or cubes.
The Regulation of Hepatic Glutathione (1985)

Since the spread of tobacco from the Americas hundreds of years ago, tobacco cigarettes and, more recently, alternative tobacco products have become global products of nicotine addiction. Within the evolving alternative tobacco product space, electronic ...Read More
Superpixel-Based Hand Gesture Recognition With Kinect Depth Camera (2014)

This paper presents a new superpixel-based hand gesture recognition system based on a novel superpixel earth mover's distance metric, together with Kinect depth camera. The depth and skeleton information from Kinect are effectively utilized to produce markerless hand extraction. The hand shapes, corresponding textures and depths are represented in the form of superpixels, which effectively retain the overall shapes and color of the gestures to be recognized. Based on this representation, a novel distance metric, superpixel earth mover's distance (SP-EMD), is proposed to measure the dissimilarity between the hand gestures. This measurement is not only robust to distortion and articulation, but also invariant to scaling, translation and rotation with proper preprocessing. The effectiveness of the proposed distance metric and recognition algorithm are illustrated by extensive experiments with our own gesture dataset as well as two other public datasets. Simulation results show that the proposed system is able to achieve high mean accuracy and fast recognition speed. Its superiority is further demonstrated by comparisons with other conventional techniques and two real-life applications.
Measurement of the degree of salinity of water with a fiber-optic sensor (1999)

A fiber-optic sensor based on surface-plasmon resonance for the determination of the refractive index is used for measuring the degree of salinity of water. The transducing element consists of a multilayer structure deposited on a side-polished monomode optical fiber. Measuring the attenuation of the power transmitted by the fiber shows that a linear relation with the refractive index of the outer medium of the structure is obtained. The system is characterized by use of a varying refractive index obtained with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol. Experimental results show that the sensor can be used as a salinity-degree measurement device with environmental applications.
4.-8. März 2019 (2019)

K nearest neighbor search (kNN-Search) is a universal data processing technique and a fundamental operation for word embeddings trained by word2vec or related approaches. The benefits of operations on dense vectors like word embeddings for analytical functionalities of RDBMSs motivate an integration of kNN-Joins. However, kNN-Search, as well as kNN-Joins, have barely been integrated into relational database systems so far. In this paper, we develop an index structure for approximated kNN-Joins working well on high-dimensional data and provide an integration into PostgreSQL. The novel index structure is efficient for different cardinalities of the involved join partners. An evaluation of the system based on applications on word embeddings shows the benefits of such an integrated kNN-Join operation and the performance of the proposed approach.
The Use of Methyl Butyrate-Based Electrolytes with Additives to Enable the Operation of Li-Ion Cells with High Voltage Cathodes over a Wide Temperature Range (2014)

In the present work, a number of wide operating temperature range electrolyte formulations that contain methyl butyrate (MB) and various additives have been investigated in Li-ion cells consisting of Conoco Phillips A12 graphite anodes and Toda HE5050 Li 1.2 Ni 0.15 Co 0.10 Mn 0.55 O 2 cathodes. In an attempt to improve the nature of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and/or cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) of these systems, a number of electrolyte additives were investigated, including lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB), 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl) imidazole (LiTDI), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), and di- t -butylpyrocarbonate (DBPC). In summary, improved performance at low temperature power capability was observed for many of the methyl butyrate formulations, with the most dramatic improvement being observed for 1.20M LiPF 6 in EC+EMC+MB (20:20:60 v/v %) + 0.10M LiDFOB. In addition, all of the methyl butyrate-based electrolytes studied resulted in improved rate capability compared to cells with the all carbonate-based baseline formulation at low temperature. It was also determined that at low temperatures that the cathode kinetics govern the rate capability, being the rate determining electrode.
Challenges for cysteamine stabilization, quantification, and biological effects improvement (2020)

The aminothiol cysteamine, derived from coenzyme A degradation in mammalian cells, presents several biological applications. However, the bitter taste and sickening odor, chemical instability, hygroscopicity, and poor pharmacokinetic profile of cysteamine limit its efficacy. The use of encapsulation systems is a good methodology to overcome these undesirable properties and improve the pharmacokinetic behavior of cysteamine. Besides, the conjugation of cysteamine to the surface of nanoparticles is generally proposed to improve the intra-oral delivery of cyclodextrin-drug inclusion complexes, as well as to enhance the colorimetric detection of compounds by a gold nanoparticle aggregation method. On the other hand, the detection and quantification of cysteamine is a challenging mission due to the lack of a chromophore in its structure and its susceptibility to oxidation before or during the analysis. Derivatization agents are therefore applied for the quantification of this molecule. To our knowledge, the derivatization techniques and the encapsulation systems used for cysteamine delivery were not reviewed previously. Thus, this review aims to compile all the data on these methods as well as to provide an overview of the various biological applications of cysteamine focusing on its skin application.