gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New MLSE receiver free from sample timing and input level controls (2002)

A new maximum likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE) receiver which is tolerant of both aberrations in sample timing and variations in amplitude is presented. In the proposed receiver, input signals are represented in polar coordinates, and fractionally sampled signals are fed to the MLSE. These two features make it possible to greatly reduce control mechanisms without performance degradation. The performance of the receiver is evaluated both in computer simulations and in experiments in US time division multiple access (TDMA) cellular environments, and it is shown that under conditions of 65-dB amplitude variations it successfully achieves less than 3% bit error rate (BER) without controlling either input level or sample timing.
Advanced Tetracycles in a Stereoselective Approach to <i>d,l</i>-Spongiatriol and Related Metabolites:  The Use of Radicals in the Synthesis of Angular Electrophores (1998)

A stereoselective radical cascade cyclization of polyene 6, containing an α,β-unsaturated cyano group, was employed to control six contiguous chiral centers and to introduce a C-8 angular CN group in tricycle 7. The cyano group was ultimately utilized as an entry to a C-8 angular hydroxymethyl group. Compound 7 was converted into two key tetracycles 22 and 25, respectively, each possessing an intact D-furan ring system and containing the necessary functionality for further chemical elaboration to the highly oxygenated spongians 1-5.
Simple near‐infrared photodetector based on charge transfer complexes formed in molybdenum oxide doped N,N′‐di(naphthalene‐1‐yl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl‐benzidine (2012)

Abstract We have demonstrated a simple near‐infrared (NIR) photodetector (PD) based on charge transfer complex (CTC) formed in molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) doped N,N′‐di(naphthalene‐1‐yl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl‐benzidine (NPB), which shows a photocurrent of about 0.35 A/cm 2 at –3 V under 980 nm illumination. The existence of CTC formation promotes photocurrent generation which is investigated by comparison with MoO 3 doped 2‐methyl‐9,10‐di(2‐naphthyl)anthracene (MADN) film which has no CTC absorption. It can be evolved that this kind of simple‐structure photodetector has potential application in the near‐infrared (NIR) detection area. It is shown in this Letter that although both MoO 3 and NPB have larger energy gaps of about 3 eV and weak absorption in the NIR region, the charge transfer complexes formed by mixing the two materials show an extra absorption band and good photoelectric response in the NIR region. magnified image (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Another new Dichapetalum (Dichapetalaceae) from Gabon (2003)

Dichapetalum leucocarpum is described and illustrated. It is the sixth new species of Dichapetalum published since the treatment of Dichapetalaceae for the Flore du Gabon. The distribution of the new species is mapped
Multilayered Poly(<i>p</i>-phenylenevinylene)/Reduced Graphene Oxide Film: An Efficient Organic Current Collector in an All-Plastic Supercapacitor (2014)

This article describes the preparation, using layer-by-layer deposition techniques, of an all-solid-state flexible in-plane supercapacitor based on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate, laminated with two strata of ultrathin multilayer films composed of 30 polyaniline (PANi)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) bilayers and 30 poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV)/RGO bilayers. The influence of the (PPV/RGO)30 stratum on the electrochemical properties of the (PANi/RGO)30/(PPV/RGO)30 film (denoted P30) (d = 90.1 nm) supported on a PET was evaluated and compared to the corresponding influence of the (PANi/RGO)53 film (denoted P53) (d = 91.5 nm). The volumetric capacitance of P30 at a discharge current of 20 A/cm(3) (957 F/cm(3)) was much higher than that obtained from P53 (733 F/cm(3)), indicating that the (PPV/RGO)30 film performed well as a current collector. Furthermore, an all-solid-state flexible in-plane EC assembled with P30 electrodes in parallel mode (denoted EC30) exhibited an outstanding volumetric capacitance (152 F/cm(3) at 20 A/cm(3)) with a high energy density (9.4 mW h/cm(3)) and power density (6.5 W/cm(3)), compared to EC53 (assembled with P53). The electron-transfer resistance of the P30 electrode corresponded to only 59% of the P53's value (1.53 vs 2.60 kΩ cm(2)). The high capacitance of EC30 was attributed to the low internal resistance of P30, which resulted from the presence of additional in-plane electrical pathways in the electrode. The enhanced transport led to 85% capacitance retention by EC30 (69% for EC53) after a 1000 charge/discharge cycles test. The series resistance variations (ΔR/R0) of EC30 also indicated good electromechanical durability in the device, with a 5.0% increase in the resistance (contrasted with a 10.8% increase in EC53) over 1000 bending cycles at a minimum radius of 5 mm. The excellent electrochemical properties of EC30 may potentially meet the requirements for miniaturized electrodes in the manufacture of flexible, lightweight, mechanically durable microelectronic applications.
Inflammation, Adipocytokines, and Atherosclerosis in the Metabolic Syndrome (2008)

Communities all over the world are confronted with an alarming rise in the rates of obesity, physical inactivity, and associated metabolic diseases. Central adiposity seems to go hand-in-hand with established risk factors like elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Although genetic and environmental influences modulate the ultimate risk, this clustering of chronic insults to the endothelium takes its toll in the form of atherothrombotic cardiovascular events. Insulin resistance, accepted as the underlying etiology of type 2 diabetes, appears to have other deleterious consequences, even in the absence of hyperglycemia. In 1988 Gerald Reaven advocated insulin resistance to be the core defect in his description of ‘syndrome X’, subsequently renamed as the currently-accepted ‘metabolic syndrome’ and identified by diagnostic criteria intended for clinical use. In recent years there has been an explosion of basic and clinical research pertaining to the metabolic syndrome, generating intense interest and controversy. The cellular and vascular accompaniments have shed some light into its pathophysiology. Heightened, low-grade inflammation as well as a continuum of vascular insults from endothelial dysfunction to advanced atherosclerosis has been studied in the context of the syndrome. Inflammatory biomolecules have been speculated be markers and mediators of oxidative stress and endovascular toxicity. Creactive protein has been the most extensively studied. ‘Adipocytokines’ are inflammatory agents that originate from adipose tissue, thus changing the concept that fat is a metabolically active organ rather than inert tissue. The effect of lifestyle interventions and pharmacologic agents is being investigated. Further research promises to elucidate the complex pathogenetic dynamics at play in the metabolic syndrome and lead to possible therapeutic opportunities.
Activation of the Ras Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-Ribosomal Protein Kinase Pathway Is Not Required for the Repression of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene Transcription by Insulin (1998)

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyzes the first committed step in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Glucagon and glucocorticoids stimulate PEPCK gene transcription, whereas insulin has a dominant inhibitory effect. We have shown that inhibitors of 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) block this action of insulin. In contrast, three distinct agents, all of which prevent activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, have no effect on the regulation of PEPCK transcription by insulin. However, a subsequent report has suggested that this pathway is involved in the inhibition of cAMP-induced PEPCK gene transcription by insulin. To address these conflicting data, we re-examined the Ras MAP kinase pathway, not only with respect to regulation of PEPCK gene transcription, but also for regulation of PI 3-kinase and p42/p44 MAP kinase. Overexpression of constitutively active Ras (V61) (or Raf-1 (RafCAAX)) partially represses PEPCK transcription in hepatoma cells. However, an inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase blocks this action of RafCAAX but has no effect on regulation of PEPCK gene transcription by insulin. Second, the action of a dominant negative Ras (N17Ras) on PEPCK gene transcription correlates more closely with the inhibition of PI 3-kinase than with the inhibition of p42/p44 MAP kinase. Third, insulin cannot activate p42/p44 MAP kinase in the presence of cAMP even though cAMP-induced PEPCK gene transcription is inhibited by insulin. This data confirms that the Ras MAP kinase pathway is not required for the regulation of PEPCK gene transcription by insulin and demonstrates the importance of employing multiple techniques when investigating the function of signaling pathways.
Elaboration de gradients de composition continue dans des taillants PDC (2006)

International audience
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SENSORY CRISPNESS AND OTHER SENSORY AND INSTRUMENTAL PARAMETERS1 (1980)

ABSTRACT Twenty subjects judged the crispness, loudness, and firmness of sixteen food samples by both biting and chewing and by only biting the foods. These subjects also scored the foods for thirteen textural qualities. Instrumental measures of slope, peak force, and deformation to fracture were obtained for the sixteen foods from a snap test at four deformation rates. Whether a subject judged an attribute by the bite or the bite and chew technique made little or no difference in the sensory judgments. Crispness appeared to be very closely related to loudness and less closely related to firmness. Loudness of the chewing sounds was more closely related to crispness than to firmness. Of the sensory qualities studied, loud, snap, and crackly were the three most closely related to crispness. Of the instrumental parameters Young's Modulus generally had the highest correlation with the crispness of all foods and peak force generally had the highest correlation with firmness. Deformation rate had minimal effects on measures of flexure or peak force, but its effects on Young's Modulus were frequently large and irregular. A vibrotactile‐acoustical hypothesis for crispness is proposed.
Dyes and Dye Intermediates (2000)

Abstract The chemistry, technology, and applications of dyes and dye intermediates are discussed. Dyes are classified both by chemical structure and usage, and dye nomenclature is explained. The more important dye classes, such as azo dyes, are covered in detail. For example, azo/hydrazone tautomerism, which is of vital importance both theoretically and commercially, is covered. Dye intermediates are discussed in depth. These fall conveniently into aromatic carbocyclic intermediates and aromatic heterocyclic intermediates. The chemistry of these systems is discussed, such as electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution, and the different synthetic strategies for the carbocyclic and heterocyclic intermediates exemplified. The unit processes, such as nitration and sulfonation, are discussed in some detail. Equipment and manufacture of dyes and dye intermediates are dealt with, as are economic aspects. Health and safety aspects, including toxicology and registration of dyes, and environmental factors, such as treatment of dye effluent, are also covered.
Identification and supervision of a thermal plant based on multi-layer perceptron networks with locally distributed dynamics (2002)

This paper considers the application of neural networks with distributed dynamics to the identification of nonlinear systems. The primary objective is to establish a neural model bank which generates prediction errors. These estimation residuals can be treated as analytic symptoms to supervise the plant operating state. The practical approach applicability has been illustrated using a thermal plant. Here, two sensor faults of interest are localized by means of the so-called residual pattern.
Major Differences in Antigen-Processing Correlate with a Single Arg71↔Lys Substitution in HLA-DR Molecules Predisposing to Rheumatoid Arthritis and with Their Selective Interactions with 70-kDa Heat Shock Protein Chaperones (2002)

Several HLA-DR alleles are genetically associated with rheumatoid arthritis. DRB1*0401 predominates in Northern Europe and has a characteristic (70)QKRAA motif. This sequence contacts bound peptides and the TCR. Further interactions have been suggested with additional proteins during Ag loading. We explored the much stronger processing/presentation of full-length recombinant human acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit to a specific T cell clone by APC from DRB1*0401+ than *0408+ donors. Using DR*04 transfectants, we show that this difference results largely from the single Lys71<-->Arg interchange (0401<-->0408), which scarcely affects epitope binding, rather than from any other associated polymorphism. Furthermore, we proved our recombinant polypeptides to contain the Escherichia coli 70-kDa heat shock protein molecule DnaK and its requirement for efficient processing and presentation of the epitope by DRB1*0401+ cells. According to a recent report, 70-kDa heat shock protein chaperones preferentially bind to the QKRAA, rather than the QRRAA, motif. Variations between the shared epitope motifs QKRAA and QRRAA are emphasized by underlining. We propose that such interactions enhance the intracellular epitope loading of *0401 molecules. They may thus broaden immune responses to pathogens and at least partially explain the distinct contributions of DRB1*0401 and other alleles to disease predisposition.
Sensory-Updated Residual Life Distributions for Components With Exponential Degradation Patterns (2006)

Research on interpreting data communicated by smart sensors and distributed sensor networks, and utilizing these data streams in making critical decisions stands to provide significant advancements across a wide range of application domains such as maintenance management. In this paper, a stochastic degradation modeling framework is developed for computing and continuously updating residual life distributions of partially degraded components. The proposed degradation methodology combines population-specific degradation characteristics with component-specific sensory data acquired through condition monitoring in order to compute and continuously update remaining life distributions of partially degraded components. Two sensory updating procedures are developed and validated using real-world vibration-based degradation information acquired from rolling element thrust bearings. The results are compared with two benchmark policies and illustrate the benefits of the sensory updated degradation models proposed in this paper. Note for Practitioners-The proposed degradation-based prognostic methodology provides a comprehensive assessment of the current and future degradation states of partially degraded components by combining population-specific degradation or reliability information with real-time sensory health monitoring data. It is specifically beneficial for cases where degradation occurs in a cumulative manner and the degradation signal can be approximated by an exponential functional form. To implement this methodology, it is necessary: 1) to identify the physical phenomena associated with the evolution of the degradation process (spalling and wear herein); 2) choose the appropriate condition monitoring technology to monitor this phenomena (accelerometers); 3) identify a characteristic pattern in the sensory information to help develop a degradation signal (exponential growth); and 4) identify a failure threshold associated with the degradation signal. The first step in implementing this prognostic methodology is to obtain prior information related to stochastic parameters f the exponential model. This may require fitting some sample degradation signals with an exponential functional form and noting the values of the exponential parameters, or using subjective prior distributions. The second step is to acquire sensory information and begin updating the prior distribution. The updating frequency will dictate which expressions are used to compute the posterior distributions. Once the posterior means, variances, and correlation are computed, the truncated CDF of the residual life can be evaluated using (10) and (11). Note that the truncation is necessary to preclude negative values of the remaining life. Practitioners can implement this methodology using a simple spreadsheet. Since the residual life distributions are skewed, it is reasonable to utilize the median as a measure of the central tendency and, hence, an alternative estimate for the expected value of the remaining life
VISTA NF-16D programmable display system development (1998)

Wright Laboratory's Variable-Stability In-Flight Simulator Test Aircraft (VISTA) NF-16D is the newest in-flight simulator in the USAF inventory. This unique research aircraft will perform a multitude of missions: evaluate flight characteristics of new aircraft that have not yet flown, perform research in the areas of flying qualities, flight control design, pilot-vehicle interface, weapons and avionics integration, and train test pilots and engineers. The VISTA is being upgraded to enhance its simulation fidelity and its research capabilities through the addition of a programmable Helmet-Mounted Display (HMD) and Head-up Display (HUD) in the front cockpit. The programmable HMD system consists of a GEC Marconi Avionics Viper II Helmet- Mounted Optics Module integrate with a modified Helmet Integrated Systems Limited HGU-86/P helmet, the Honeywell Advanced Metal Tolerant tracker, and a GEC-Marconi Avionics Programmable Display Generator. The monocular HMD system is designed for growth to stroke-on-video, binocular capability. Lessons-learned in the VISTA HMD development are reviewed. An outline of the proposed VISTA HMD demonstration flight is given to highlight the VISTA programmable display system capabilities.
Separation Techniques in Clinical Chemistry (2003)

Sample pretreatment in clinical chemistry, I.N. Papadonoyannis and V.F. Samanidou the separation science in therapeutic drug monitoring, Zak K. Shihabi the impact of chirality in pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring, Karla A. Moore and Barry Levine HPLC in bioavailability examination, Zdzislaw Chilmonczyk, Kamila Kobyliska, and Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein validation of HPLC analyses in therapeutic drug monitoring, Zdzislaw Chilmonczyk, Iwona Cendrowsk and Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein analysis of illicit drugs with chromatography, M.J. Bogusz biogenic amine neurotransmitters - their importance and measurement in human tissue and body fluids, Adarsh M. Kumar clinical applications of affinity chromatography, William Clarke and David S. Hage immunoaffinity chromatography in clinical analysis, David S. Hage and William Clarke electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in biochemical genetics laboratory, Mohamed S. Rashed application of thin-layer chromatography, Jan Bladek and Slawomir Neffe applications of capillary electrophoresis in clinical analysis of drugs, Jacek Bojarski and Joanna Szymura-Oleksiak.
Constitutive long-term production and characterization of recombinant human interferon-gammas from two different mammalian cells. (1988)

Two expression plasmids (pSVIFN gamma/BPV97 and pSVIFN gamma/AdDHFR) for constitutive production of human interferon-gamma (HuIFN-gamma) were constructed and introduced into the two different mammalian cell lines, mouse C127 cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Genetically engineered C127 and CHO cells grew on microcarriers having high productivity of HuIFN-gammas for at least six months. Isoelectric focusing patterns and molecular weight analyses suggest that C127- and CHO-HuIFN-gammas are glycoproteins and that both HuIFN-gammas have different molecular structures. The development of a microcarrier culture system for genetically engineered mammalian cells has enabled us to prepare glycosylated HuIFN-gammas on a large scale.
Up-regulation of interleukin-6 in human ovarian cancer cell via a Gi/PI3K-Akt/NF- B pathway by lysophosphatidic acid, an ovarian cancer-activating factor (2004)

Bioactive lysophospholipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is consistently raised in the ascites of patients with ovarian cancer. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine, which is assumed to be involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. However, the regulation of IL-6 in ovarian cancer remains largely unknown. To elucidate the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, this study investigated how LPA affects IL-6 production in ovarian cancer cells. Experimental results indicated that LPA stimulates IL-6 expression in all ovarian cancer cell lines tested, but not in normal ovarian surface epithelial (NOSE) cells, owing to the lack of LPA-specific Edg4 and/or Edg7 receptors in NOSE cells. This work demonstrated that LPA transcriptionally activates IL-6 expression, which can be totally blocked by the pertussis toxin, indicating that Gi-mediated signaling is critically involved in inducing IL-6 by LPA. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition assays revealed that Gi-mediated PI3K activation phosphorylated downstream Akt and subsequently induced NF-kappaB activation causes the induction of IL-6 by LPA in SK-OV-3 cells. In summary, data presented here demonstrate that LPA is an important inducer of IL-6 and LPA-regulated IL-6 expression via a Gi/PI3K-Akt/NF-kappaB pathway in ovarian cancer cells, providing molecular therapeutic targets for treating ovarian cancer.
Global, regional, and subregional trends in unintended pregnancy and its outcomes from 1990 to 2014: estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model (2018)

Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs and UK Aid from the UK Government.
Mechanism and stereochemistry of .alpha.,.beta.-dihydroxyacid dehydratase (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism and stereochemistry of .alpha.,.beta.-dihydroxyacid dehydrataseMichael C. Pirrung, Christopher P. Holmes, Daniel M. Horowitz, and David S. NunnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3, 1020–1025Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00003a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00003a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views508Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LiNbO<sub>3</sub>Mach-Zehnder modulator with chirp adjusted by ferroelectric domain inversion (2002)

Domain inversion under coplanar waveguide electrodes is proposed to improve the frequency-chirping behavior of z-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ Mach-Zehnder modulators. This is achieved by introducing phase reversal electrode section in tandem with inverted ferroelectric domain section. The resulting chirp is shown to be related to the length of the inverted domain. The method opens the way to single-drive modulators with predetermined chirp parameter. The fabrication of such modulators is described, and experimental results confirm that the /spl alpha/-chirp parameter can be more than ten times smaller than that of a conventional Z-cut device.