gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein O‐mannosylation is crucial for cell wall integrity, septation and viability in fission yeast (2005)

Protein O-mannosyltransferases (PMTs) initiate the assembly of O-mannosyl glycans, which are of fundamental importance in eukaryotes. The PMT family, which is classified into PMT1, PMT2 and PMT4 subfamilies, is evolutionarily conserved. Despite the fact that PMTs are crucial for viability of baker's yeast as well as of mouse, recent studies suggested that there are significant differences in the organization and properties of the O-mannosylation machinery between yeasts and mammals. In this study we identified and characterized the PMT family of the archaeascomycete Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae where the PMT family is highly redundant, in S. pombe only one member of each PMT subfamily is present, namely, oma1+ (protein O-mannosyltransferase), oma2+ and oma4+. They all act as protein O-mannosyltransferases in vivo. oma1+ and oma2+ form heteromeric protein complexes and recognize different protein substrates compared to oma4+, suggesting that similar principles underlie mannosyltransfer reaction in S. pombe and budding yeast. Deletion of oma2+, as well as simultaneous deletion of oma1+ and oma4+ is lethal. Characterization of the viable S. pombe oma1Delta and oma4Delta single mutants showed that a lack of O-mannosylation results in abnormal cell wall and septum formation, thereby severely affecting cell morphology and cell-cell separation.
Optimal Energy Management of Greenhouses in Smart Grids (2014)

This paper presents a novel hierarchical control approach and new mathematical optimization models of greenhouses, which can be readily incorporated into energy hub management systems (EHMSs) in the context of smart grids to optimize the operation of their energy systems. In greenhouses, artificial lighting, CO2 production, and climate control systems consume considerable energy; thus, a mathematical model of greenhouses appropriate for their optimal operation is proposed, so that it can be implemented as a supervisory control in existing greenhouse control systems. The objective is to minimize total energy costs and demand charges while considering important parameters of greenhouses; in particular, inside temperature and humidity, CO2 concentration, and lighting levels should be kept within acceptable ranges. Therefore, the proposed model incorporates weather forecasts, electricity price information, and the end-user preferences to optimally operate existing control systems in greenhouses. Effects of uncertainty in electricity price and weather forecast on optimal operation of the storage facilities are studied through Monte Carlo simulations. The presented simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model to reduce total energy costs while maintaining required operational constraints.
Efficiency of the logistic regression and cox proportional hazards models in longitudinal studies (1989)

Both logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models are used widely in longitudinal epidemiologic studies for analysing the relationship between several risk factors and a time-related dichotomous event. The two models yield similar estimates of regression coefficients in studies with short follow-up and low incidence of event occurrence. Further, with just one dichotomous covariate and identical censoring times for all subjects, the asymptotic relative efficiency of the two models is very close to 1 unless the duration of follow-up is extended. We generalize this result to several qualitative or quantitative covariates. This was motivated by the analysis of mortality data from a study where all subjects are followed up during the same fixed period without loss except by death. Logistic and Cox models were applied to these data. Similar results were obtained for the two models in shorter periods of follow-up of five years or less, but not in longer periods of ten years or more, where the survival rate was lower.
Using hypermedia to teach cardiovascular imaging: a prototype system based on hypercard (2003)

The authors describe a computer-based learning environment to familiarize the student with the strengths and weaknesses of various cardiac imaging modalities for evaluating left-ventricular (LV) function. It uses an association-based hypermedia approach implemented with HyperCard and can be updated easily to remain current as imaging techniques evolve. The system allows medical image data to be directly integrated with text, audio, and computer graphics on a general-purpose low-cost workstation that has the capability to display images and movies of a beating heart.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AlGaAs emitter∕GaAs barrier terahertz detector with a 2.3 THz threshold (2005)

A heterojunction interfacial work function internal photoemission (HEIWIP) detector with a threshold frequency (f0) of 2.3 THz (λ0=128μm) is demonstrated. The threshold limit of ∼3.3THz (92 μm) due to the Al fraction being limited to ∼0.005, in order to avoid control and transition from alloy to isoelectronic doping behavior, was surpassed using AlGaAs emitters and GaAs barriers. The peak values of responsivity, quantum efficiency, and the specific detectivity at 9.6 THz and 4.8 K for a bias field of 2.0kV∕cm are 7.3A∕W, 29%, 5.3×1011 Jones, respectively. The background-limited infrared photodetector temperature of 20 K with a 60° field of view was observed for a bias field of 0.15kV∕cm. The f0 could be further reduced toward ∼1THz regime (∼300μm) by adjusting the Al fraction to offset the effect of residual doping, and/or lowering the residual doping in the barrier, effectively lowering the band bending.
Towards Weakly Supervised Resolution of Null Instantiations (2013)

This paper addresses the task of finding antecedents for locally uninstantiated arguments. To resolve such null instantiations, we develop a weakly supervised approach that investigates and combines a number of linguistically motivated strategies that are inspired by work on semantic role labeling and corefence resolution. The performance of the system is competitive with the current state-of-the-art supervised system.
Relative Profit - A New Metric To Evaluate The Performance Of Stock Price Forecasting Models (2014)

Stock price forecasting models with lower Mean Squared Error (MSE) are more “welcome than those who have higher MSE. However, this “welcome may disappear when lower MSE leads to an unexpected loss whereas higher MSE leads to a positive profit in a practical investment. The reason is that MSE aims to evaluate models in the view of “accuracy, which has nothing to do with profit. We therefore propose the concept of “forecasting efficiency that aims to evaluate models in the view of investment or profit. A comprehensive but concise metric: Relative Profit (RP) is designed to better evaluate which model really pleases investors. Finally, a comparison is made between RP and other popular metrics to demonstrate that RP is a good supplement to forecasting model evaluation.
Histogram Equalization to Model Adaptation for Robust Speech Recognition (2010)

We propose a new model adaptation method based on the histogram equalization technique for providing robustness in noisy environments. The trained acoustic mean models of a speech recognizer are adapted into environmentally matched conditions by using the histogram equalization algorithm on a single utterance basis. For more robust speech recognition in the heavily noisy conditions, trained acoustic covariance models are efficiently adapted by the signal-to-noise ratio-dependent linear interpolation between trained covariance models and utterance-level sample covariance models. Speech recognition experiments on both the digit-based Aurora2 task and the large vocabulary-based task showed that the proposed model adaptation approach provides significant performance improvements compared to the baseline speech recognizer trained on the clean speech data.
Peloruside B, A Potent Antitumor Macrolide from the New Zealand Marine Sponge Mycale hentscheli: Isolation, Structure, Total Synthesis, and Bioactivity (2009)

Peloruside B (2), a natural congener of peloruside A (1), was isolated in sub-milligram quantities from the New Zealand marine sponge Mycale hentscheli. Peloruside B promotes microtubule polymerization and arrests cells in the G(2)/M phase of mitosis similar to paclitaxel, and its bioactivity was comparable to that of peloruside A. NMR-directed isolation, structure elucidation, structure confirmation by total synthesis, and bioactivity of peloruside B are described in this article. The synthesis features Sharpless dihydroxylation, Brown's asymmetric allylboration reaction, reductive aldol coupling, Yamaguchi macrolactonization, and selective methylation.
Covariance tracking algorithm based on particle filter and adaptive template update (2010)

The region descriptor and template update strategy are the keys of object tracking algorithm. In the paper, we proposed an adaptive template update method based on region covariance descriptor to track the object in a complex circumstance using particle filter. We experimented the proposed approach on people in video sequences, and experimental results show that this method has better performance.
Improvements in a-plane GaN crystal quality by a two-step growth process (2008)

Nonpolar (112¯0) a-plane GaN films have been grown by metal-organic vapor deposition on r-plane (11¯02) sapphire. Lateral growth is favored using a low V:III ratio resulting in films with a smooth surface, while pitted films are grown at a high V:III ratio indicating preferential on-axis growth. High-resolution x-ray diffraction analysis of both film types showed a strong anisotropy in the peak width of the symmetric omega rocking curve with respect to the in-plane orientation, phi. In-plane isotropic behavior of crystallinity with overall reduced omega full width at half maximum values was achieved when the growth was initiated at a high V:III ratio before reducing the V:III ratio for film coalescence. An improvement of crystal quality through initial surface roughening was equally realized by the incorporation of partial-coverage SiNx interlayers.
Selective loss of estrogen receptor beta in malignant human colon. (2000)

Epidemiological data suggest a protective effect for estrogen replacement therapy on colon cancer. The estrogen receptor (ER) is required for the action of estrogen. The ER-beta isoform is functionally similar to ER-alpha but has a distinct pattern of expression and transcriptional response to selective estrogen response modulators. Our goal was to investigate the presence of ER-alpha and ER-beta in normal and malignant colon tissue. Human colon cancer tissue and adjacent normal colon tissue were harvested from five male and six female patients undergoing segmental colon resection for colon cancer. Western blot analysis revealed very low levels of ER-alpha protein in tumor and normal colon tissue. In both male and female patients, malignant colon tissue showed a selective loss of ER-beta protein expression when compared to normal colon tissue in the same patient. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed no difference in ER-beta mRNA levels between normal and malignant colon tissue. Malignant transformation of the colon is associated with a marked diminution of ER-beta protein expression, possibly through a posttranscriptional mechanism.
Synthesis of poly‐<scp>L</scp>‐arginine (1966)

Abstract Poly‐ L ‐arginine was prepared by the guanidization of poly‐ L ‐ornithine with 1‐guanyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazole. The poly‐ L ‐ornithine was derived from poly‐δ, N ‐trifluroacetyl‐ L ‐ornithine by removal of the blocking groups under mild basic conditions (1 M piper‐idine).
Study of the thickness of liquid layers by moiré deflectometry (1988)

We suggest and demonstrate a novel method for studying the thickness of thin liquid layers. The method is based on ray-deflection analysis of a beam reflected from the edge of the layer and on studying the topography of the layer.
Morphometric assessment of drug effects in experimental spinal cord injury (1986)

The effect of large doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) and two protease inhibitors, leupeptin and bestatin, on experimental acute spinal cord injury was evaluated by morphometric analysis of degenerating axons with the aid of an automated image analyzer. Spinal cord injury was produced by epidural compression with a surgical clip on the T-11 segment in rats. The extent of axonal damage was assessed in Rexed's lamina VIII in the L-6 segment by measuring the amount of silver grains, representing degenerating axons and their terminals, using the Fink-Heimer method. The severity of axonal damage was expressed as the degeneration index: that is, the amount of silver grains in experimental animals/the amount of silver grains in cord-transected animals. When examined on the 7th postoperative day, axonal degeneration in MPSS-treated rats was significantly decreased, with an average degeneration index difference of 6 (p less than 0.05). Increased preservation of axons was seen in the leupeptin-treated rats sacrificed 7, 10, and 14 days after trauma. The difference in the degeneration index between the leupeptin-treated and untreated groups was 16 on Day 7 (p less than 0.001), 12 on Day 10 (p less than 0.001), and 13 on Day 14 (p less than 0.01). Bestatin had no beneficial effect. The implications for the use of calcium-activated neutral protease inhibitors in acute spinal cord injury are discussed.
Scalable and incremental clone detection for evolving software (2009)

Code clone management has been shown to have several benefits for software developers. When source code evolves, clone management requires a mechanism to efficiently and incrementally detect code clones in the new revision. This paper introduces an incremental clone detection tool, called ClemanX. Our tool represents code fragments as subtrees of abstract syntax trees (ASTs), measures their similarity levels based on their characteristic vectors of structural features, and solves the task of incrementally detecting similar code as an incremental distance based clustering problem. Our empirical evaluation on large-scale software projects shows the usefulness and good performance of ClemanX.
Chemoenzymatic Preparation of Optically Active <i>trans</i>‐Cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine Derivatives: An Efficient Synthesis of the Analgesic U‐(−)‐50,488 (2004)

Stereoespecific syntheses of (+/-)-trans-N,N-cyclohexane-1,2-diamines ((+/-)-4 a-g) were carried out from the corresponding (+/-)-trans-N,N-dialkylaminocyclohexanols by successive treatment with mesyl chloride and aqueous ammonia. The stereochemical outcome indicates the formation of a meso-aziridinium ion intermediate. Kinetic resolutions of diamines (+/-)-4 were efficiently accomplished in aminolysis reactions catalyzed by lipase B from Candida antarctica with ethyl acetate as the solvent and acyl donor. Acetamides and the remaining diamines, isolated as the benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives, were obtained with very high ee values (92-99%). One of the carbamates was used as a precursor of the analgesic U-(-)-50,488.
Short-Term Interest Rate Futures (1986)

Not long ago futures trading was limited to con-tracts for agricultural and other commodities. Trad-ing in futures contracts for financial instruments began in the early 1970s, after almost a decade of accelerating inflation exposed market participants to unprecedented levels of exchange rate and interest rate risk. Foreign currency futures, introduced in 1972 by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, were the first financial futures contracts to be traded. The first interest rate futures contract, a contract for the future delivery of mortgage certificates issued by the Government National Mortgage Association, began trading on the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade in 1975. Today financial futures are among the most actively traded of all futures contracts.
Induction of tyrosinase by <scp>L</scp>-methionine in <i>Streptomyces antibioticus</i> (1988)

Investigations were carried out to establish conditions favorable for the formation of tyrosinase, an inducible metalloenzyme synthesized by Streptomyces antibioticus. It was determined that the size of the inoculum and age of the culture as well as the temperature of incubation were important factors for enzyme synthesis. Induction of tyrosinase by S. antibioticus appears to be specific for L-methionine with maximal enzyme synthesis observed at 0.1 mM. Addition of CuSO4 and D-glucose at the time of induction also are important for increased enzyme activity. Inhibition of tyrosinase synthesis was observed with actinomycin D, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol suggesting that both transcriptional and translational events are required for tyrosinase induction.
Catheter Ablation of Multiple Ventricular Tachycardias After Myocardial Infarction Guided by Combined Contact and Noncontact Mapping (2007)

The combined approach of contact and noncontact mapping effectively defines critical borders as the substrate of multiple VTs without limitation for unstable VTs.
On the effect of cancellation order in successive interference cancellation for CDMA systems (2003)

We study the effect of cancellation order on bit error rate (BER) performance of a code division multiple access (CDMA) system employing a linear successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver in both an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and a Rayleigh fading channel. Four different ordering schemes are studied. We show that changing the cancellation order can lead to a significant change in the BER performance.
Marcel Godet. Les brûlements d'archives à Abbeville pendant la Révolution. (1914)

Sol Eugène. Marcel Godet. Les brûlements d'archives à Abbeville pendant la Révolution.. In: Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France, tome 5, n°26, 1914. pp. 218-220.
Adventitious Bud Development of Soybean Hypocotyl Sections in Culture<sup>1</sup> (1973)

Tissue culture methods were used to study the capacity of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to differentiate adventitious buds. Hypocotyl sections from the cultivar ‘Dunn’ were placed on various media for preliminary observations, and ‘Corsoy’ was tested later to determine if ‘Dunn’ responses were variety‐specific. Those sections placed on media containing 0.5 to 2.0 mg/liter 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) or 2.0 mg/liter 2‐naphthylacetic acid (NAA), and 0.5 or 2.0 mg/liter kinetin, produced callus tissue with or without roots. Sections placed on media containing 0.1 to 2.0 mg/liter indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and either 15% (v/v) coconut milk (CM) or 0.5 or 2.0 mg/liter kinetin formed little or no callus, but instead enlarged slightly and produced roots (35 to 90% of sections) or shoots (1 to 8% of sections), depending on the particular treatment. Roots usually formed on sections that previously had differentiated shoots, but shoots seldom formed on sections that already had roots. Soybean hypocotyl sections, when cultured under the appropriate conditions, formed adventitious buds.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Aryl Acetaldehydes with Anilines Leading to α‐Ketoamides (2011)

Efficient and practical: The title reaction provides an efficient route to α-ketoamides compounds, which are ubiquitous structural units in a number of biologically active compounds. N-substituted anilines are suitable substrates for this transformation. Two CH bonds as well as one CH and one NH bond are cleaved in this reaction. Molecular oxygen (1 atm) is used as the oxidant and the reaction involves dioxygen activation. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Design and analysis of AFOCAL, two-mirror systems for arbitrary intensity transformations (1980)

Generalized surface equations are developed for reflaxicon and waxicon systems, which allow arbitrary control of the intensity profile of the exit beam. These equations assume axial symmetry of the intensity transformation function. Both the reflaxicon and waxicon systems are analyzed numerically to determine the sensitivity of the aberrations to system misalignment and system design parameters. Design recommendations are made for minimizing the sensitivity of the systems to misalignment. (Author)
Anesthetic, Hypothermic, Myorelaxant and Anticonvulsant Effects of Synthetic Eugenol Derivatives and Natural Analogues (1981)

Nine newly synthesized eugenol derivatives were investigated in rats or mice as to their anesthetic, hypothermic, myorelaxant and anticonvulsant effects. Additional pharmacological activity which appeared during the experiments is described. For comparative purposes, six naturally occurring eugenol analogues were included in the study. The results are further discussed as to possible structure-activity relationships between the test compounds and the four investigated effects.
Growth and photoluminescence studies of Zn-doped AlN epilayers (2006)

Deep ultraviolet time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been employed to study Zn-doped AlN epilayers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The PL spectra of Zn-doped AlN epilayer exhibited two impurity emission lines at 5.40 and 4.50eV, which were absent in undoped epilayers and assigned to the transitions of free electrons and electrons bound to nitrogen vacancies with three positive charges (0.90eV deep) to the Zn0 acceptors. By comparing PL spectra of Zn- and Mg-doped AlN epilayers with undoped epilayers, it was deduced that Zn energy level is about 0.74eV, which is about 0.23eV deeper than the Mg energy level (0.51eV) in AlN. It is thus concluded that contrary to theoretical prediction, Zn would not be a better candidate than Mg as an acceptor dopant in AlN.
Viscous Dissipation of Turbulence Kinetic Energy in Storms* (2001)

Abstract In this note the magnitude of the viscous dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy in the surface layer of storms is investigated. It is shown that the layer-integrated dissipative heating is a cubic function of the wind speed. The magnitude of the estimated heating at higher wind speeds confirms the importance to storm evolution of this term in the turbulence kinetic energy equation and suggests that dissipative energy should be included in numerical weather prediction models, particularly in models that resolve mesoscale structures in storms. A general discussion of the implications of the results for the energetics of a range of storm systems is provided.
Single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems with power quality conditioner functionality (2007)

Future ancillary services provided by photovoltaic systems could facilitate their penetration in power systems. In fact PV converters can be designed to improve grid power quality implementing power conditioning functionalities. This paper presents a single-phase photovoltaic system with power quality conditioner capability. It provides grid voltage support at fundamental frequency and compensation of current and voltage distortion at the point of common coupling (PCC). Two topologies have been considered: in the first one the voltage and the harmonic compensation are provided by two different converters, in the second one only one converter is used. Both the proposed topologies are controlled with a repetitive controller that is able to compensate the selected harmonics. Simulation results allows comparing the presented solutions.