gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adversarial point perturbations on 3D objects (2019)

The importance of training robust neural network grows as 3D data is increasingly utilized in deep learning for vision tasks, like autonomous driving. We examine this problem from the perspective of the attacker, which is necessary in understanding how neural networks can be exploited, and thus defended. More specifically, we propose adversarial attacks based on solving different optimization problems, like minimizing the perceptibility of our generated adversarial examples, or maintaining a uniform density distribution of points across the adversarial object surfaces. Our four proposed algorithms for attacking 3D point cloud classification are all highly successful on existing neural networks, and we find that some of them are even effective against previously proposed point removal defenses.
Synthesis of Lactic Acid from 1, 1-Dichloroacetone (1979)

The synthesis of lactic acid from 1, 1-dichloroacetone (DCA) was studied. Lactic acid was prepared by the hydrolysis of DCA with active charcoal powder catalyst under the milder conditions, H2O : DCA (mol ratio) =25 : 1, 180°C, in comparison with the reaction without catalyst. Alternatively, lactic acid was prepared by the alkali-acid treatment of DCA in 9397% yield. 2-Chloropropionic acid (CPA) was not detected in the reaction mixture and lactic acid was not yielded under the similar conditions. It seems that the intermediate in the lactic acid formation from DCA is not CPA, but a ketoaldehyde as cited in literatures.
Mixed-signal system-on-chip verification using a recursively-verifying-modeling (RVM) methodology (2010)

The verification of mixed-signal SoC is emerging as the most significant challenge, and with its cost surpassing the chip design cost. This paper presents a new automated verification methodology namely RVM (recursively verifying and modeling) and a set of supporting electronic design automation tools. The RVM methodology is built on the existing design flow and environments but with three major innovations to cope with custom-designed transistor blocks: a tool for automatically generating and validating simulation-efficiently behavioral models from a circuit netlist, a tool for characterizing and verifying the electrical rule correctness of analog blocks, and a hierarchical environment that allows designers to control the modeling and verification complexity. With the RVM methodology, analog circuits are verified in a way similar to the well-established digital verification. A set of industry benchmark results have shown that the RVM methodology is cable of reducing the verification time by potentially 100× to 1000×. With the increasing complexity of full-chip mixed-signal system-on-chip design, the RVM methodology is emerging as the only scalable verification solution.
A phase I, first in man study of weekly IMC-A12, a fully human insulin like growth factor-I receptor IgG1 monoclonal antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors (2007)

3505 Background: IMC-A12 is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the human insulin like growth factor-I receptor. The safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of IMC-A12 are being evaluated in an on-going a phase I trial. Methods: Patients (pts) with ECOG PS = 2 and advanced refractory solid tumors receive IMC-A12 weekly for 4 infusions per cycle until progression. After cycle one only, there is a two week observation period. Six cohorts of IMC-A12 are planned at 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 27mg/kg. Sampling for PK and human anti-human antibodies directed against IMC-A12 occurs before and after the first and fourth doses of each cycle. Results: Fifteen pts have been treated, 7 at 3 mg/g, 4 at 6 mg/kg, 3 at 10 mg/kg and 1 at 15 mg/kg. Data is available for the first 11 pts: 7 male, 4 female, median age 56 years (range: 45–70). Treatment related toxicities for the first 11 pts include: grade 1 pruritis, rash, discolored feces; grade 2 anemia, psoriasis, hyperglycemia, infusion-related reaction; grade 3 hyperglycemia. Four of 11 pts have stable disease: 2 at the 3 mg/kg dose remain stable for >9 months (1 male breast cancer,1 hepatocellular cancer) and 2 at the 6 mg/kg dose (1 bladder, 1 endometrial) were stable after cycle 1. One pt with prostate cancer had >25% decline in PSA and stable radiographic disease at time of study discontinuation (week 5) for DLT. Non-compartmental PK analysis reveals a mean t1/2 of 148 and 209 hrs, mean Cmax of 333 and 415 ug/mL, and mean AUC0-Inf of 51317 and 80727 hr*ug/mL at the 3 and 6 mg/kg dose levels, respectively. Target trough levels have been achieved. Conclusions: Weekly administration of IMC-A12 appears to be well tolerated and the MTD has not been reached. The PK profile is consistent with that of other Mab’s. There is early evidence of clinical activity and correlative IGF biomarker data will be available. IMC-A12 will be further evaluated in prostate, breast, and other cancers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Identification, determination, and study of antioxidative activities of hesperetin and gallic acid in hydro-alcoholic extract from flowers of Eriobotrya japonica (Lindl.). (2014)

RESULTS demonstrate that the high ability to scavenge free radicals, reducing power, and Fe(+2)chelating activity exerted by the EJFE were due to the high content of hesperetin and gallic acid in the flowers.
The Murine-Reduced Folate Carrier Gene Can Act as a Selectable Marker and a Suicide Gene in Hematopoietic Cells <i>In Vivo</i> (2002)

Increased expression of the reduced folate carrier confers sensitivity to the antifolate drug methotrexate because it results in increased cellular uptake of this drug, and increased resistance to trimetrexate, a lipid-soluble antifolate drug, because it enables cells to take up exogenous folates that rescue cells from antifolate cytotoxicity. We therefore hypothesized that the reduced folate carrier could act as a suicide gene after treatment with methotrexate and as a selectable marker after exposure to trimetrexate. To test this hypothesis, we constructed replication-defective retroviruses containing the murine-reduced folate carrier (mRFC). Murine bone marrow cells transduced with the mRFC-containing retrovirus showed increased sensitivity to methotrexate and increased resistance to trimetrexate compared to empty vector-transduced controls in colony forming assays. Furthermore, colonies surviving trimetrexate and methotrexate treatment showed an enrichment of the mRFC gene after exposure to trimetrexate and a decrease after exposure to methotrexate. Lethally irradiated mice transplanted with bone marrow cells transduced with the mRFC-retrovirus and treated with the antifolate drugs after hematopoietic recovery demonstrated a relative increase in the number of cells containing the mRFC transgene after trimetrexate treatment and a decrease after methotrexate treatment. Therefore, these studies demonstrate the potential of the reduced folate carrier gene to play a dual role in gene therapy applications.
Association of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine with Severity of Kidney Injury and Decline in Kidney Function in IgA Nephropathy (2010)

The present study demonstrated that ADMA was correlated with the severity of the renal tissue damage and could be a predictor of disease progression in IgAN patients.
Pressure Overload Selectively Up-Regulates Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II<i>in Vivo</i> (2003)

Signals transduced by the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), have been suggested to regulate the development of hypertrophy. We address the role of the three multifunctional CaMKs, CaMK I, II, and IV, in this process using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce cardiac hypertrophy in mice. We find a 33% increase in total CaMK activity 7 d after TAC. However, there are no changes in the levels of CaMKI, which is expressed in the ventricles, or CaMKIV, which is not detectable in the ventricles. Moreover, mice null for the CaMKIV gene develop ventricular hypertrophy and induce the expression of selected hypertrophy marker mRNAs, indicating that CaMKIV is not required at any time during the development of hypertrophy. On the other hand, TAC does increase both mRNA and protein levels of specific isoforms of CaMKII derived from both gamma and delta genes. Included among these isoforms are those that localize to both cytoplasm and nucleus. Collectively, the increased levels of CaMKII isoforms result in a constitutive increase in the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-independent activity of CaMKII in the ventricles. We conclude that CaMKII is the multifunctional CaMK most likely to mediate Ca(2+)- dependent protein phosphorylation events in response to TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
<title>200-W solar energy delivery with optical fiber bundles</title> (1997)

Flexible optical fibers and fiber bundles can be used to transfer solar energy to a desirable place, where it could be used either to pump a laser crystal or to carry out other useful mechanical, chemical or thermal processings. Two flexible fiber-optic bundles were built. Each bundle consists of 19 optical fibers of 1.5 mm diameter each. The input section of each single fiber is polished to form a hexagonal column. When the input columns were joined together, two compact fiber-optic bundles were formed, leaving no dead space between the fibers and hence, the concentrated solar energy was transmitted without extra loss. Two off-axis parabolic mirrors with hexagonal form were held onto a solar tracker which continuously tracks the Sun. With an incident intensity of 650 W/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, each primary mirror captured 143 W solar energy and concentrated it into a light spot of hexagonal form, which matches well with the input area of the fiber-optic bundle. Solar energy of 100 W was successfully delivered by each bundle, with transmission efficiency of 70%. The two fiber bundles were also combined to form a large bundle for 200 W solar energy delivery.
Polyamine–salt aggregate assembly of capsules as responsive drug delivery vehicles (2011)

Responsive capsular delivery systems that can partly mimic the complexity of cellular systems hold great promise for the future of medicine. Simple self-assembled systems like liposomes are already in clinical use and others like polymeric micelles are under clinical trials. Unlike these self-assembled systems, the greater flexibility and versatility offered by template-based routes will likely drive the development of sophisticated capsules. The focus of this review is to introduce one such template-based route, which is based on polyamine–salt aggregate or ‘PSA’ assembly. The basic synthesis premise involves the assembly of cationic polymer (like poly-L-lysine) by ionic crosslinking with multivalent anionic salts (like citrate) into metastable templates for cargo encapsulation and shell material deposition. The technique offers several benefits: (i) the synthesis procedure involves simple mixing at ambient conditions, (ii) the capsule size is easy to control in the sub-100 nm to micron range, and (iii) a wide range of formulations is readily available with the use of different polymer, salt, cargo, and shell-forming precursors. In this review, the current state of this technique, the materials chemistry of the capsule assembly, and the demonstrated applications, including photothermal therapy, MRI contrast agent development and protease-responsive NIR imaging, will be discussed.
The mach exception handling facility (1988)

article Free Access Share on The mach exception handling facility Authors: David L. Black Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PAView Profile , David B. Golub Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PAView Profile , Karl Hauth Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PAView Profile , Avadis Tevanian Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh Carnegie-Mellon Univ., PittsburghView Profile , Richard Sanzi Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh Carnegie-Mellon Univ., PittsburghView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 24Issue 1Jan. 1989 pp 45–56https://doi.org/10.1145/69215.69220Online:01 November 1988Publication History 16citation374DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations16Total Downloads374Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Low-frequency electromagnetic fields in applied geophysics: Waves or diffusion? (2006)

Abstract Low-frequency electromagnetic (EM) signal propagation in geophysical applications is sometimes referred to as diffusion and sometimes as waves. In the following we discuss the mathematical and physical approaches behind the use of the different terms. The basic theory of EM wave propagation is reviewed. From a frequency-domain description we show that all of the well-known mathematical tools of wave theory, including an asymptotic ray-series description, can be applied for both nondispersive waves in nonconductive materials and low-frequency waves in conductive materials. We consider the EM field from an electric dipole source and show that a common frequency-domain description yields both the undistorted pulses in nonconductive materials and the strongly distorted pulses in conductive materials. We also show that the diffusion-equation approximation of low-frequency EM fields in conductive materials gives the correct mathematical description, and this equation has wave solutions. Having considered both a wave-picture approach and a diffusion approach to the problem, we discuss the possible confusion that the use of these terms might lead to.
On-Demand Mixing Droplet Spotter for Preparing Picoliter Droplets on Surfaces (2004)

An on-demand mixing droplet spotter for generating and mixing picoliter droplets has been developed for ultrasmall reaction vessels. The droplets were generated by applying a ∼500-V, ∼2-ms pulsed voltage to the tips of capillary tubes (o.d. ∼20 μm; i.d. ∼12 μm) filled with solution. The mixing process was achieved using electrostatic force. The initial droplet was formed by applying the pulsed voltage between one capillary and the substrate, and the second jet of the other solution was generated from the other capillary and collided with the initial droplet automatically because the electric field lines concentrated on the initial droplet. Using this mixing process, a microarray having a concentration gradient was obtained by spotting ∼6-pL droplets on a surface with a density of one spot per 75 × 75 μm2.
Sepsis and serum cytokine concentrations (1997)

According to the profiles of the cytokines, septic shock patients do not represent a homogeneous population. These profiles should be described in order to distinguish between patients, and the profiles may be useful to identify those patients susceptible to new therapies.
Formulation development and investigation of domperidone transdermal patches (2011)

The present study can be concluded that transdermal patch can extend the release of drug for many hours with better bioavailability and also can avoid the first pass effect.
Regulation of Urokinase Receptor Expression by Phosphoglycerate Kinase (2004)

Post-transcriptional regulation represents a major mechanism by which eukaryotic gene expression is regulated through cis-trans interactions that serve as signals for rapid alterations of messenger RNA (mRNA) stability. Regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) mRNA involves the interaction of a uPAR mRNA coding region sequence with a 50 kD uPAR mRNA binding protein. We purified this protein from human bronchial epithelial (Beas2B) cells and identified it as phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). We cloned PGK cDNA by polymerase chain reaction and expressed the recombinant PGK protein, which specifically bound the uPAR mRNA coding region by gel mobility shift and Northwestern blotting. We also confirmed a direct interaction of PGK protein with uPAR mRNA by immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of PGK in uPAR-overproducing H157 lung carcinoma cells resulted in decreased cytoplasmic uPAR mRNA and cell surface uPAR protein expression. Reduced uPAR mRNA expression involved decreased stability of the uPAR mRNA. Decline in 3H-thymidine incorporation and migration occurred in H157 cells transfected with PGK cDNA. These results demonstrate that PGK regulates uPAR expression at the post-transcriptional level.
Algorithms for Cooperative Active Localization of Static Targets With Mobile Bearing Sensors Under Communication Constraints (2015)

We study the problem of actively locating a static target using mobile robots equipped with bearing sensors. The goal is to reduce the uncertainty in the target's location to a value below a given threshold in minimum time. Our cost formulation explicitly models time spent in traveling, as well as taking measurements. In addition, we consider distance-based communication constraints between the robots. We provide the following theoretical results. First, we study the properties of an optimal offline strategy for one or more robots with access to the target's true location. We derive the optimal offline algorithm and bound its cost when considering a single robot or an even number of robots. In other cases, we provide a close approximation. Second, we provide a general method of converting the offline algorithm into an online adaptive algorithm (that does not have access to the target's true location), while preserving near optimality. Using these two results, we present an online strategy proven to locate the target up to a desired uncertainty level at near-optimal cost. In addition to theoretical analysis, we validate the algorithm in simulations and multiple field experiments performed using autonomous surface vehicles carrying radio antennas to localize radio tags.
Highly Regioselective Isomerization–Hydroformylation of Internal Olefins Catalyzed by Rhodium/Tetraphosphine Complexes (2011)

Abstract A new class of substituted tetraphosphine ligands has been applied in the rhodium‐catalyzed regioselective isomerization–hydroformylation of internal olefins. The rhodium/tetraphosphine ligand system is highly effective for the isomerization and hydroformylation of 2‐alkenes to form linear aldehydes. Greater than 95% linear selectivity and up to 94% yield of the total aldehydes were obtained for 2‐pentene, 2‐hexene and 2‐octene. The catalyst system also showed high to moderate linear selectivity for the isomerization and hydroformylation of 3‐hexene, 3‐octene and 4‐octene but with slow reaction rates.
Health Monitor Analysis System: Successful Instrumented Design and Unexpected Benefits (2006)

The U.S. Air Force needs to extend the life of their AN/GPN-22 and AN/TPN-25 precision approach radar (PAR) systems. Obsolescence issues plaguing many PAR transmitter components, along with the need for specialist diagnostic teams, prompted a redesign effort of the transmitter sub-system. The current PAR family design provides limited analog Built-in-Testing and manual test points for diagnostic measurements. Our transmitter redesign effort includes the health monitor analysis system (HMAS), a microprocessor based transmitter management subsystem (TMS) that provides health monitoring. The TMS automates maintenance health diagnostics, prognostics and transmitter alignments. All transmitter system Line Replacement Units (LRU) are fully instrumented: inputs, outputs, and critical internal parameters. The TMS contains a Diagnostic Engine that will fault isolate to an individual LRU. Extensive instrumentation provides high confidence of data measurements. All instrumented parameters are logged to a database for empirical prognostic analysis. In order to reduce the specialist training needed for the diagnostic teams, the TMS contains a user friendly graphical user interface (GUI). A transmitter traveling wave tube (TWT) prognostic engine autonomously performs a Miram Curve [1] analysis to determine optimal tube filament parameters to extend tube life and computes tube life estimates. Except for catastrophic failures, this will allow for tube replacement during scheduled maintenance, minimizing system downtime. A Prognostic Engine by-product is TWT potential life extension due to optimal tube temperature management. Other potential applications for the TMS framework include any instrumented electronic system where health monitoring is desired. The TWT Prognostic Engine is directly transferable to other vacuum-electron device based radar and communication systems.
Mental stress assessment based on pulse photoplethysmography (2011)

Mental stress is accompanied by dynamic changes in autonomic nervous system activity. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is fast emerging as a non-invasive research and clinical tool for assessing cardiac and autonomic nervous system function. However, in this study describes a method of stress assessment based on Pulse photoplethysmography (PPG). We assessed the possibility of using the pulse rate variability (PRV) extracted from the PPG signal as an alternative measurement of the HRV signal. Further, to demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of HRV extraction from PPG signal, finger-tip PPG and standard lead II ECG signals were simultaneously. A comparative analysis of time domain and frequency domain measures of PRV was carried out. Finally, we present a method of PRV analysis to evaluate mental stress by simple PPG. These results suggest that PRV based on PPG could be used as a surrogate of HRV for the purpose of stress assessment.
Osteopontin: A key link between immunity, inflammation and the central nervous system (2012)

Osteopontin (OPN) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that can be secreted from many cells including activated macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Elevated levels of osteopontin in the plasma, cerebrospinal fluid or brain of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease and more recently in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder has been reported. However, except for the case of MS, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms by which OPN may exacerbate disease. Alternatively, OPN through its ability to promote cell survival may in some contexts function in the brain in a protective capacity. OPN has several protein motifs that allow it to engage with several different signaling pathways involved in immunity and inflammation. A better understanding of the cellular pathways that are regulated by OPN in cells of the central nervous system is required to uncover its putative role in neuronal homeostasis.