gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of tryptamine as a derivatizing agent for airborne isocyanate determination. Part 4. Evaluation of major high-performance liquid chromatographic methods regarding airborne isocyanate determination with specific investigation of the competitive rate of derivatization (1991)

Several amines were investigated to determine their competitive rates in the derivatization of isocyanates. The amines studied included N-(p-nitrobenzyl)-N-propylamine, 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine, 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine, N-ω-methyl tryptamine and tryptamine. Phenyl isocyanate, which might find application in future studies on sampling isocyanate vapour on solid absorbents, because it possesses a much higher vapour pressure than any of the industrially used isocyanates, was employed as the reference isocyanate. This approach was adopted because only the relative, rather than actual, rates of derivatization were of interest. By comparing the significant features of the methods for the determination of isocyanates using high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques, it was concluded that the proposed method, which uses tryptamine (and possibly N-ω-tryptamine), was the most promising for practical application. The theoretical background of the proposed method was based on the isolation of a selected π-system in a derivative for specific detection. This approach should be applicable to other areas involving analysis with chromatographic techniques. The competitive rate study has also provided a better assessment in selecting a particular amine for further research in personal sampling of isocyanates on amine-coated solid absorbents.
Vegetative Growth of the Common Bean in Response to Phosphorus Nutrition (1991)

Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is often grown in soils of low P availability. It has been proposed that P deficiency may reduce crop growth by inhibiting leaf expansion and photosynthesis. Our objective was to determine how P applied to the root medium or leaves influences vegetative growth, leaf urea development, and photosynthesis of bean. Plants were grown in solid‐phase‐buffered sand culture at 0.4, 1.0, and 27.0 μM P with or without foliar P (ammonium polyphosphate) and with or without mycorrhizal inoculation. Leaf area development was very sensitive to P supply. Phosphorus deficiency primarily reduced leaf area by diminishing the number of leaves through effects on the number of nodes, branching, and relative leaf appearance rate, and secondarily by reducing leaf expansion. The effects of mycorrhizae and increased root P availability were similar. Foliar P application stimulated leaf area development in P‐deficient plants by increasing leaf appearance rate, branching, the number of mainstem nodes, and overall shoot growth, although expansion of individual leaves was reduced slightly. Mycorrhizal and foliar P effects were most pronounced at low root P availability. Although severe P deficiency decreased leaf photosynthesis in nonmycorrhizal plants, intermediate P stress in nonmycorrhizal plants did not reduce photosynthesis, and photosynthesis in mycorrhizal plants was inversely correlated with P stress. Root P availability influenced leaf photosynthesis largely by influencing leaf P concentration. We conclude that P availability affects bean growth primarily through effects on leaf appearance and biomass partitioning between photosynthetic and respiring organs, rather than through effects on leaf photosynthesis.
Utilization of System Employing the Selective Permeation of Helium through a Unique Membrane of Teflon as an Interface for a Gas Chromatograph and Mass Spectrometer. (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUtilization of System Employing the Selective Permeation of Helium through a Unique Membrane of Teflon as an Interface for a Gas Chromatograph and Mass Spectrometer.S. R. Lipsky, C. G. Horvath, and W. J. McMurrayCite this: Anal. Chem. 1966, 38, 11, 1585–1587Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60243a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60243a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mild cognitive impairment can be detected by multiple assessments in a single day (2002)

Multiple assessments with standardized, repeatable cognitive measures is a promising method for reliably differentiating patients with early MCI in a single test session and deserves further study for refining patient selection in trials of therapeutic agents for MCI.
Evaluation of orthogonal damping matrices (1972)

Abstract Two methods for the numerical evaluation of orthogonal damping matrices are developed. The first relates the modal damping ratios to the coefficients of the Caughey series. The second is a direct approach which expresses the damping matrix as a sum of a series of matrices each of which produces damping in a particular mode. It is found that the direct approach is more convenient to apply and is less numerically sensitive than the series approach.
Asymmetric Electrophilic α-Amination of Silyl Enol Ether Derivatives via the Nitrosocarbonyl Hetero-ene Reaction (2015)

The first example of a general asymmetric nitrosocarbonyl hetero-ene reaction is described. The procedure uses a copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of a commercially available chiral nitrosocarbonyl precursor (EleNOr) and is operationally simple. The transformation is both high yielding and highly diastereoselective for a range of silyl enol ether derivatives. A variety of synthetically useful postfunctionalization reactions are presented along with a mechanistic rationale that can be used as a predictive model for future asymmetric reactions with nitrosocarbonyl intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES. XXV. THE P‐GALLIUM ARSENIDE/HEPTYL VIOLOGEN SYSTEM. . PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND PHOTOELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAYS (1980)

Abstract Unter Bestrahlung mit Licht im Wellenlängenbereich <885 nm wird 1,1‐Diheptyl‐4,4′‐bipyridyl (Heptylviologen, HV 2+ )‐bromid an p‐GaAs bei einem Potential, das ca. 400 mV positiver ist als das reversible Potential des HV 2+ /HVBr‐Paares an Pt, unter Bildung einer Fällung des violetten HVBr auf der Elektrode reduziert.
Parachute Mortar Design (1974)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Liver progenitor cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (2012)

Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) are a promising source of cells to treat liver disease by cell therapy, due to their capability for self-replication and bipotentiality. In order to establish useful culture systems of LPCs and apply them to future clinical therapies, it is necessary to understand their interactions with their microenvironment and especially with the extracellular matrix (ECM). There is considerable evidence from in vivo studies that matrix proteins affect the activation, expansion, migration and differentiation of LPCs, but the information on the role that specific ECMs play in regulating LPCs in vitro is more limited. Nevertheless, current studies suggest that laminin, collagen type III, collagen type IV and hyaluronic acid help to maintain the undifferentiated phenotype of LPCs and promote their proliferation when cultured in media supplemented with growth factors chosen for LPC expansion, whereas collagen type I and fibronectin are generally associated with a differentiated phenotype under the same conditions. Experimental evidence suggests that α6β1 and α5β1 integrins as well as CD44 on the surface of LPCs, and their related downstream signals, are important mediators of interactions between LPCs and the ECM. The interactions of LPCs with the ECM form the focus of this review and the contribution of ECM molecules to strategies for optimizing in vitro LPC cultures for therapeutic applications is discussed.
An intrinsic information content metric for semantic similarity in WordNet (2004)

Information Content (IC) is an important dimension of word knowledge when assessing the similarity of two terms or word senses. The conventional way of measuring the IC of word senses is to combine knowledge of their hierarchical structure from an ontology like WordNet with statistics on their actual usage in text as derived from a large corpus. In this paper we present a wholly intrinsic measure of IC that relies on hierarchical structure alone. We report that this measure is consequently easier to calculate, yet when used as the basis of a similarity mechanism it yields judgments that correlate more closely with human assessments than other, extrinsic measures of IC that additionally employ corpus analysis.
Solid Dispersion: Solubility Enhancement for Poorly Water Soluble Drug (2012)

Solid dispersion is used for enhancing dissolution rate of a therapeutically active substance and in turns its absorption and in vivo efficacy. Solid dispersion is generally prepared with drug which is having poor aqueous solubility and hydrophilic carrier. Generally Polyethylene Glycol, Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone, Mannitol, Urea, Gums, Eudragit are used as hydrophilic carriers. Certain Hydrophilic Swellable Polymers Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose, Pregelatinized Starch, Sodium Starch Glycolate are also used. Sometimes surfactant is also added to further improve wetting property of solid dispersion. In solid dispersion particle size of drug is reduced or a crystalline pure drug is converted into amorphous form and hence the solubility of drug is increased. Solid dispersion is not only used in improving dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drug but also in masking the taste of the drug substance, preparing rapid disintegration oral tablets and in producing sustained release microspheres. Various methods are available to prepare solid dispersion generally solvent evaporation method, melting method, melt solvent method, kneading method, cogrinding method, co-precipitation method, modified solvent evaporation method, spray drying, gel entrapment technique, co-precipitation with supercritical fluid. Evaluations of solid dispersion are done by Fourier Transform infra-red spectroscopy, X-Ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, solubility and dissolution experiments.
Propagation and phase reconstruction of ocular wavefronts with SAR techniques (2008)

In this communication, we report a new method to determine the wavefront\naberration function of personalized eyes. We obtain corneal surface data and\naxial lengths for different eyes. With these data, we construct a diffractive model\nof a human eye, which permits calculation of propagated light distributions at any\ndistance inside the eye. We obtain the field at the exit of crystalline lens and\nextract the phase information. To unwrap this phase we use a path-following\nmethod and with the reconstructed phase we obtain the wavefront aberration\nfunction that we analyze using Zernike polynomials. The method allows linking\nbetween field patterns and wavefront surfaces that are softer and easier to\nanalyze. To demonstrate the possibilities of the technique we have chosen five\neyes which present different levels of corneal irregularities, from a quasi-spherical\ncornea to a very deformed one.
The Ascomycete Verticillium longisporum Is a Hybrid and a Plant Pathogen with an Expanded Host Range (2011)

Hybridization plays a central role in plant evolution, but its overall importance in fungi is unknown. New plant pathogens are thought to arise by hybridization between formerly separated fungal species. Evolution of hybrid plant pathogens from non-pathogenic ancestors in the fungal-like protist Phytophthora has been demonstrated, but in fungi, the most important group of plant pathogens, there are few well-characterized examples of hybrids. We focused our attention on the hybrid and plant pathogen Verticillium longisporum, the causal agent of the Verticillium wilt disease in crucifer crops. In order to address questions related to the evolutionary origin of V. longisporum, we used phylogenetic analyses of seven nuclear loci and a dataset of 203 isolates of V. longisporum, V. dahliae and related species. We confirmed that V. longisporum was diploid, and originated three different times, involving four different lineages and three different parental species. All hybrids shared a common parent, species A1, that hybridized respectively with species D1, V. dahliae lineage D2 and V. dahliae lineage D3, to give rise to three different lineages of V. longisporum. Species A1 and species D1 constituted as yet unknown taxa. Verticillium longisporum likely originated recently, as each V. longisporum lineage was genetically homogenous, and comprised species A1 alleles that were identical across lineages.
Engineering, overexpression, purification and analytical applications of recombinant bioluminescent reporters. (2002)

The initial project entailed the construction of a plasmid suitable for bacterial expression of the in vivo biotinylated aequorin photoprotein. The plasmid contained a biotin-acceptor coding sequence fused in-frame with the apoaequorin gene as well as the birA gene, encoding biotin protein ligase (BPL), responsible for post-translational biotinylation. The use of the biotin tag facilitated (a) the purification of aequorin from the crude cell extract using an avidin resin and (b) the direct complexation of aequorin with streptavidin for utilization as a reporter molecule. Streptavidin-biotinylated aequorin complexes were used for the quantification of biotinylated hybrids in a hybridization assay, with high detectability and reproducibility. Yields of in vivo biotinylated aequorin from one liter of culture were sufficient for 300 000 hybridization assays. The goal of the second project was to create novel aequorin photoproteins with improved luminescent activity over the native protein, through directed molecular evolution of the apoaequorin gene. Random mutagenesis was accomplished through repeated rounds of DNA shuffling, cloning and expression of mutant proteins, followed by screening and selection of regenerated mutants. Increased ratios of luminescent signals to the mass of total soluble protein were compared as criteria for mutant selection after five rounds of shuffling. Initial data indicated three mutants exhibited 20--60 fold higher luminescence in crude samples. Comparisons utilizing purified proteins indicated the mutant aequorins had identical luminescent activity to the native protein, and selection possibly favoured mutations allowing improved solubility of the overexpressed protein during extraction rather than higher luminescence quantum yield. The final project involved the Gaussia princeps luciferase (GLuc), which has recently been cloned as the smallest known coelenterazine-using luciferase. Presently, there are no analytical studies using GLuc as a bioluminescent reporter. Beginning with GLuc cDNA, a plasmid encoding a biotin acceptor peptide-GLuc fusion protein was constructed. This allowed overexpression in E. coli and purification by avidin affinity chromatography. The light emission of purified Gluc was studied at various coelenterazine concentrations to establish the detectability of the new reporter, which was found to reach attomole levels. Furthermore, the complexation of biotinylated GLuc with streptavidin was used as a detection reagent in a microtiter well-based, bioluminometric DNA hybridization assay. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-01, Section: B, page: 0196. Adviser: K. Taylor. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2002.
Software metrics model for quality control (2002)

A model is developed for validating and applying metrics for quality control, using the Space Shuttle flight software as an example. We validate metrics with respect to a quality factor in accordance with the metrics validation methodology previously developed. Boolean discriminant functions (BDFs) are developed for use in the quality control process. These functions make fewer mistakes in classifying software that is low quality than is the case when linear vectors of metrics are used because the BDFs include additional information for discriminating quality: critical values. Critical values are threshold values of metrics that are used to either accept or reject modules when the modules are inspected during the quality control process. A series of nonparametric statistical methods is used to: 1) identify a set of candidate metrics for further analysis; 2) identify the critical values of the metrics, and 3) find the optimal function of metrics and critical values. A marginal analysis should be performed when making a decision about how many metrics to use in a quality control process. Certain metrics are dominant in their effects on classifying quality and additional metrics are not needed to accurately classify quality. This effect is called dominance. Related to the property of dominance is the property of concordance, which is the degree to which a set of metrics produces the same result in classifying software quality. A high value of concordance implies that additional metrics will not make a significant contribution to accurately classifying quality; hence, these metrics are redundant.
Limited Value of Assays Using Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to the Two Recombinant Dense Granule Antigens, GRA1 and GRA6 Nt of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> , for Distinguishing between Acute and Chronic Infections in Pregnant Women (2004)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two recombinant antigens of Toxoplasma gondii (GRA1 and GRA6 Nt) was developed in order to differentiate between pregnant women with a serological profile of recently acquired infection and those with chronic infection. Both proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins. Thirty-two serum samples from subjects who presented seroconversion within 3 months before sampling (group 1; acute profile), 46 serum samples from women who had a positive serology at least 1 year before sampling (group 2; chronic profile), and 100 serum samples from pregnant women who were not infected by T. gondii (group 3) were examined for immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity. For both antigens, the specificity reached 98%. In both groups of infected patients, the overall sensitivity scored was 60% for GRA1 and 83% for GRA6 Nt. In group 1, 34% of sera reacted with GRA1 whereas 84% of sera reacted with GRA6 Nt; in group 2, however, sensitivities were 78.2 and 82.6%, respectively. Combination of the readings obtained with both antigens yielded a sensitivity of 91%. A serological follow-up of 10 women who seroconverted during pregnancy displayed three different serological patterns: (i) a GRA profile paralleling the IgG curve, as detected by the commercial kit, (ii) a GRA1 profile, or (iii) GRA1 and GRA6 Nt profiles remaining negative for at least 8 weeks after the reference test gave positive results. Taken together, these results suggest that neither GRA1 nor GRA6 Nt is sensitive enough to be used routinely to differentiate between acute and chronic toxoplasmic infections.
Vapor Phase Vinylation of Aliphatic Monohydric Alcohols (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor Phase Vinylation of Aliphatic Monohydric AlcoholsV. A. Sims and J. J. VitchaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1963, 2, 4, 293–296Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360008a010https://doi.org/10.1021/i360008a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Analysis of resistance variations and variance-aware read circuit for cross-point ReRAM (2013)

An adaptive reference control is proposed to adjust the reference current of current-mode sense amplifier (SA) for optimum read margin along with spatial distribution and temporal drift of the resistance of ReRAM cells. An ADC-based SA for distributed dummy cell is used to examine the distribution data, and binary SA with regulated reference for memory cells provides fast and reliable read in cross-point cell array. The adaptive reference control prevents yield drop due to resistance degradation after 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> times read disturbance. Maximum read speed of disturbed ReRAM is also improved from 50ns to 28.4ns. The circuit is fabricated using 350nm CMOS technology and mounted with 1-Kb HfOx cross-point array to verify the control.