gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Message-Passing Receiver for Joint Channel Estimation and Decoding in 3D Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems (2015)

In this paper, we address the message-passing receiver design for the 3D massive MIMO-OFDM systems. With the aid of the central limit argument and Taylor-series approximation, a computationally efficient receiver that performs joint channel estimation and decoding is devised by the framework of expectation propagation. Specially, the local belief defined at the channel transition function is expanded up to the second order with Wirtinger calculus, to transform the messages sent by the channel transition function to a tractable form. As a result, the channel impulse response (CIR) between each pair of antennas is estimated by Gaussian message passing. In addition, a variational expectation-maximization (EM)-based method is derived to learn the channel power-delay-profile (PDP). The proposed joint algorithm is assessed in 3D massive MIMO systems with spatially correlated channels, and the empirical results corroborate its superiority in terms of performance and complexity.
Conceptual design, kinematics and dynamics of swimming robotic structures using ionic polymeric gel muscles (1992)

The structural design, kinematics and swimming dynamics of autonomous swimming robotic structures which utilize an arrangement of electrically controlled ionic polymeric gel muscles are discussed. The general structural design of such swimming robotic structures is considered to be in the form of a submarine structure which is partially encapsulated in an elastic or flexible membrane filled with a counterionic electrolyte such as water+acetone. In such an encapsulated portion of the robotic swimming structure there exist specifically arranged polyacrylamide or PVA-AAA polymeric cylindrical fibres or bundles. The arrangement of, say, polyacrylamide fibres is such that it is capable of generating microprocessor-based electrically controlled propagating transverse waves to propel the partially encapsulated membrane structure in any direction and in any desired manner. A brief description of the governing equations is also presented.
Gastrointestinal: <i>Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis</i> and Crohn's disease (2005)

Uncovering the cause of inflammatory bowel disease appears to have become the holy grail of gastroenterology. For Crohn's disease, the most popular hypothesis is that the disease results from loss of immunological tolerance to bacteria or other microorganisms that are normally present in the bowel lumen. However, several other hypotheses exist including a role for infectious agents such as atypical mycobacteria, Chlamydia species, Listeria monocytogenes, cell-wall deficient Pseudomonas species, Mycoplasma species and a number of viruses including measles virus. Interest in atypical mycobacteria was recently rekindled by observations reported by Dr S Naser and others in an article published in Lancet in 2004. Using a novel method, the group was able to culture Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) from the peripheral blood in 50% of patients with active Crohn's disease. This has raised the possibility that MAP may be the cause of Crohn's disease in humans in a similar way to Johne's disease in livestock. Recently, our group has been able to replicate the above findings in a number of patients with active Crohn's disease. We used Ziehl-Neelsen staining to show what we believe are spheroplastic phase forms of MAP (purple spots) within the cytoplasm of a macrophage (Fig. 1) and persisting in modified TB broth after 4 months of culture (Fig. 2). To confirm the identify of these acid-fast organisms, we performed a duplex polymerase chain reaction designed to detect the unique insertion (L1 and L9) sites of the MAP-specific insertion element IS900. The amplified L9 site was sequenced and then compared to a reference DNA of MAP. Alignment of our sequence against the reference sequence showed a perfect match, thereby confirming that the Mycobacterium found in our Crohn's disease patients was indeed MAP. These observations support the association between MAP and Crohn's disease. However, further research is required to determine whether MAP is involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease or whether the detection of MAP in peripheral blood simply reflects translocation of organisms through a leaky epithelial barrier.
Holographic patterning of high-performance on-chip 3D lithium-ion microbatteries (2015)

As sensors, wireless communication devices, personal health monitoring systems, and autonomous microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) become distributed and smaller, there is an increasing demand for miniaturized integrated power sources. Although thin-film batteries are well-suited for on-chip integration, their energy and power per unit area are limited. Three-dimensional electrode designs have potential to offer much greater power and energy per unit area; however, efforts to date to realize 3D microbatteries have led to prototypes with solid electrodes (and therefore low power) or mesostructured electrodes not compatible with manufacturing or on-chip integration. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip compatible method to fabricate high energy density (6.5 μWh cm(-2)⋅μm(-1)) 3D mesostructured Li-ion microbatteries based on LiMnO2 cathodes, and NiSn anodes that possess supercapacitor-like power (3,600 μW cm(-2)⋅μm(-1) peak). The mesostructured electrodes are fabricated by combining 3D holographic lithography with conventional photolithography, enabling deterministic control of both the internal electrode mesostructure and the spatial distribution of the electrodes on the substrate. The resultant full cells exhibit impressive performances, for example a conventional light-emitting diode (LED) is driven with a 500-μA peak current (600-C discharge) from a 10-μm-thick microbattery with an area of 4 mm(2) for 200 cycles with only 12% capacity fade. A combined experimental and modeling study where the structural parameters of the battery are modulated illustrates the unique design flexibility enabled by 3D holographic lithography and provides guidance for optimization for a given application.
Metallation of diazines <b>II</b>. First metallation of pyridazine, metallation of 2,4‐dichloropyrimidine (1990)

Abstract 3,6‐Dichloropyridazine was ortho‐lithiated by lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide. The resulting lithio compound was reacted with carbonyl derivatives iodine and trimethylchlorosilane. An azaxanthone was synthesised. An unusual regioselectivity for the lithiation of 2,4‐dichloropyrimidine was studied.
Single-Sensor RGB and NIR Image Acquisition: Toward Optimal Performance by Taking Account of CFA Pattern, Demosaicking, and Color Correction (2016)

In recent years, many applications using a pair of RGB and near-infrared (NIR) images have been proposed in computer vision and image processing communities. Thanks to recent progress of image sensor technology, it is also becoming possible to manufacture an image sensor with a novel spectral filter array, which has RGB plus NIR pixels for one-shot acquisition of the RGB and the NIR images. In such a novel filter array, half of the G pixels in the standard Bayer color filter array (CFA) are typically replaced with the NIR pixels. However, its performance has not fully been investigated in the pipeline of single-sensor RGB and NIR image acquisition. In this paper, we present an imaging pipeline of the single-sensor RGB and NIR image acquisition and investigate its optimal performance by taking account of the filter array pattern, demosaicking and color correction. We also propose two types of filter array patterns and demosaicking algorithms for improving the quality of acquired RGB and NIR images. Based on the imaging pipeline we present, the performance of different filter array patterns and demosaicking algorithms is evaluated. In experimental results, we demonstrate that our proposed filter array patterns and demosaicking algorithms outperform the existing ones.
Characterization of Nine Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Avian Cholera Outbreaks in Indonesia (2001)

Avian cholera outbreaks have been identified in Indonesia in recent years. Despite vaccination programs, outbreaks continue to occur. To date, there has been a lack of information on the characteristics of Pasteurella multocida isolates involved in these outbreaks. Hence, the objective of this study was to characterize Indonesian P. multocida isolates in poultry. During 1998-99, 20 field outbreaks were reported in Indonesia. Nine isolates of P. multocida were recovered from these field outbreaks. The isolates were compared with four vaccine strains that were used in Indonesia and designated PM-V1, PM-V2, PM-V3, and PM-V4. The isolates were characterized by biotype, capsular type, somatic serotype, restriction endonuclease analysis, plasmid presence, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Of the nine Indonesian isolates, three were of capsular type A (A:1,3,13; A:1,3; and A:8). One isolate was of type B:2,3 and one isolate was of capsular type F. For three isolates, the capsular serogroup could not be identified. Plasmids the size of 2.3 kbp were present in three of the field isolates and two of the vaccine strains. One plasmid less than 2 kbp was isolated from the vaccine strain PM-V4. Eight distinct DNA profiles were obtained from digestion with the restriction endonuclease EcoRI, and seven distinct DNA profiles were obtained from digestion with the restriction endonuclease HindIII. All of the isolates were resistant to lincomycin and sulfadiazine and were susceptible to ampicillin and trimethoprim. Of the nine isolates, seven (78%) were susceptible to doxycycline and gentamicin and six (67%) were susceptible to enrofloxacin.
High-Performance, Transparent, and Stretchable Electrodes Using Graphene–Metal Nanowire Hybrid Structures (2013)

Transparent electrodes that can remain electrically conductive and stable under large mechanical deformations are highly desirable for applications in flexible and wearable electronics. This paper describes a comprehensive study of the electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of hybrid nanostructures based on two-dimensional graphene and networks of one-dimensional metal nanowires, and their use as transparent and stretchable electrodes. Low sheet resistance (33 Ω/sq) with high transmittance (94% in visible range), robust stability against electric breakdown and oxidation, and superb flexibility (27% in bending strain) and stretchability (100% in tensile strain) are observed, and these multiple functionalities of the hybrid structures suggest a future promise for next generation electronics. The use of hybrid electrodes to fabricate oxide semiconductor transistors and single-pixel displays integrated on wearable soft contact lenses with in vivo tests are demonstrated.
ParkinGain: Toward a smart parking application with value-added services integration (2014)

Drivers cruising for parking are an important cause of traffic congestion in cities. Smart parking applications that make easier the parking search task can help to reduce this traffic and its associated environmental burden. This paper presents the conceptual modeling phase of ParkinGain, a smart parking application that helps drivers to find and reserve parking spots based on their current needs, using their car HMI system or their smartphone. In addition, the application allows the driver to extend the parking time if needed. Since the cost of deploying smart parking technologies is not negligible, the integration of other value-added services such as digital coupons of nearby merchants can help to subsidize the associated costs related to the adoption of these technologies in parking facilities. Our application is designed to integrate these services, allowing to create a smart parking ecosystem that can also be beneficial to other `non-parking' related parties such as the aforementioned merchants.
Robust speech recognition in additive and channel noise environments using GMM and EM algorithm (2004)

In this paper, we evaluated the speech recognition in real driving car environments by using a GMM based speech estimation method and an EM algorithm based channel noise estimation method. The GMM based speech estimation method proposed by Segura et al (2001) was not robust for channel noise such as an acoustic transfer function, a microphone characteristic and so on. To cope with this problem, we propose a channel noise estimation method based on the EM algorithm. Furthermore, we estimate the speech signal more accurately by using a speech GMM and a silence GMM instead of the GMM trained without speech/silence discrimination. Our proposed method has been evaluated on the AURORA3 tasks. In the evaluation results, the proposed method showed the significant improvement in the high-mismatched condition test of AURORA3 tasks.
Dissolution studies of bovine dental enamel surfaces modified by high-speed scanning ablation with aλ = 9.3-µm TEA CO2 laser (2006)

This study demonstrates that an enamel surface with enhanced resistance to acid dissolution is produced after ablation with lambda = 9.3-microm TEA CO(2) laser pulses delivered at high-repetition rates if sufficiently high scanning rates are used with or without a water-spray.
Effect of polymerization time on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of polypropylene (2006)

Abstract The influence of the polymerization time on the molecular weight ( M w , M n , M p , and M z ), molecular weight distribution (MWD) and relative MWD of polypropylene (PP) in the propylene polymerization with a Mg(OEt) 2 /DIBP/TiCl 4 /PTES/AlEt 3 catalyst system in the slurry phase has been studied by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), where Mg(OEt) 2, DIBP (diisobutyl phthalate), TiCl 4 , PTES (phenyl triethoxy silane), and triethyl aluminum (TEA) are support, internal donor, catalyst, external donor, and cocatalyst, respectively. It has been found that the increase of the polymerization time increases the molecular weight and MWD of PP. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 368–371, 2006
New Saskatchewan Species (1957)

A beautiful Cardinal (male) was ;en on July 9, 1957 perched on the ranch of an evergreen at our farm >me 18 miles northwest of Rosetown. lis spruce is growing about twelve let from the window so the Cardinal )uld be very clearly seen. It stayed >out five minutes, and was not en again.
Review Recent structural studies of carbohydrate-binding modules (2006)

Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are found in many carbohydrate-active enzymes. CBMs bind to a range of polysaccharides, their primary function be- ing to increase the catalytic efficiency of the carbohy- drate-active enzymes against soluble and/or insoluble substrates. CBMs bind to their target ligands with high specificities and affinities. Thus, CBM systems are excel- lent models to study the mechanism of protein-carbohy- drate interaction. To date, CBMs have been classified into 45 different families and many structural and functional studies have been reported. At present, three-dimensional structures of CBMs from 31 different families have been determined. These structures demonstrate that the fold most commonly found in CBMs is the β-sandwich. In the past few years, about 10 new structures from different families have been reported. These enable detailed clas- sification of CBM structures. This article reviews recent structural and functional studies of CBMs and discusses the sub-classification of β-sandwich CBMs.
FACULTY RESPONSIBILITIES (1984)

Library use is an integral part of nursing education, particularly at the graduate level. Yet, graduate students are sometimes thrown into research without adequate preparation in the use of the library. This paper explains the benefits of library orientation for graduate nursing students. As graduate students, they need in-depth skills in library use, more than just “how to use the card catalog.” Library orientation can initiate new users to a particular library's idiosyncrasies, help develop skills required for research, and acquaint users with services such as interlibrary loans and computerized searching.
Implementing the Natural Environment Requirement of Part H with the Help of Childrenʼs Librarians (1996)

Children's services librarians and public libraries are underutilized resources for early intervention professionals. Research has indicated that parents of children with disabilities are critically in need of information about the disability and available community resources and services. In addition, Part H of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act requires that early intervention services be provided in natural environments in which children without disabilities participate. This article will describe: (1) the development of the collaboration between early intervention service providers and children's librarians to address parental needs for information, referral, and support; (2) the provision of opportunities for inclusion and socialization for infants and toddlers and their families in their local community library; (3) strategies for delivering early intervention services within a children's department of a public library; and (4) strategies for maintaining this type of collaboration
Current Trends and Perspectives of Detection and Location for Buried Non-Metallic Pipelines (2021)

Abstract Buried pipelines are an essential component of the urban infrastructure of modern cities. Traditional buried pipes are mainly made of metal materials. With the development of material science and technology in recent years, non-metallic pipes, such as plastic pipes, ceramic pipes, and concrete pipes, are increasingly taking the place of pipes made from metal in various pipeline networks such as water supply, drainage, heat, industry, oil, and gas. The location technologies for the location of the buried metal pipeline have become mature, but detection and location technologies for the non-metallic pipelines are still developing. In this paper, current trends and future perspectives of detection and location of buried non-metallic pipelines are summarized. Initially, this paper reviews and analyzes electromagnetic induction technologies, electromagnetic wave technologies, and other physics-based technologies. It then focuses on acoustic detection and location technologies, and finally introduces emerging technologies. Then the technical characteristics of each detection and location method have been compared, with their strengths and weaknesses identified. The current trends and future perspectives of each buried non-metallic pipeline detection and location technology have also been defined. Finally, some suggestions for the future development of buried non-metallic pipeline detection and location technologies are provided.
Step-scanned circular-array antenna (1970)

A circular-array radar antenna designed for operation over a 20-percent bandwidth has demonstrated improved performance over that of linear arrays. A major advantage is that the beam pointing angle is independent of frequency. The array developed and tested provides 128 beam positions with a beam crossover of about -2 dB, a half-power beamwidth on the order of 4 or 5 degrees, and a sidelobe level of -25 dB. Step increments of one element per beam position allow practical implementation of step scanning, i.e., simple commutation of the current distribution. Two approaches are possible for feeding and scanning the ring array: 1) a vector-transfer system involving 3-bit phase and amplitude boards which are capable of amplitude attenuation (VT scan) and 2) a lens feed system employing an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R-2R</tex> parallel-plate region, with the spacing between the plates less than 1/2 a free-space wavelength, so that only the electric-field component perpendicular to the plates is propagated. Energy is launched and extracted from the lens by means of monopoles mounted 1/4 wavelength in front of the circumferential ground plane enclosing the lens. Computations involved in determining current distribution are based on [1] and [2].
A laboratory-scale Hall thruster (1995)

Anticipating future Stationary Plasma Thruster (SPT) evaluation programs, we designed, constructed, and tested a 400 Watt class SPT and propellant feed system. This laboratory-scale Hall thruster aids in developing advanced plume diagnostics. The SPT's performance was measured by a thrust stand under high vacuum operation. A Langmuir probe was used to characterize the plume. The thruster's design and the analytical basis supporting it are presented. Performance measurements as a function of operating condition are presented, along with preliminary plume property data; i.e. plasma density, plasma potential, and electron energy.
Calculating residual manufacturing stresses in braze joints using ANSYS (1987)

The furnace braze process consists of heating the piece parts, braze forms, and tooling, followed by the subsequent flow of the braze material and cooling of the brazed assembly and tooling. A typical application in the manufacture of traveling-wave tubes (TWT's) is the construction of ceramic RF windows. A ceramic disk is brazed into a copper sleeve to form a vacuum-tight RF window. ANSYS, a large-scale general-purpose finite-element code, can be used to calculate the residual manufacturing stresses after the braze operation is completed. To solve this nonlinear problem, discrete load steps are used to account for the temperature-dependent material properties and continuous plastic deformation of the braze material and copper sleeve. If the tooling does not constrain the piece parts during the heating phase, the analytical simulation need only encompass the second phase, the cooling from the stress-free braze solidus temperature. This can be accomplished quite nicely in ANSYS by selecting a zero strain reference temperature (TREF) at the braze solidus temperature and modifying the various material thermal coefficients of expansion to yield a table of "effective" thermal coefficients of expansion. If the tooling constrains one or both of the piece parts in the RF assembly, two TREF's ∃ a TREF of room temperature for the piece parts and tooling, and a TREF at the braze solidus temperature for the braze material. A thermal structural analysis of the residual manufacturing stresses in the braze joint would require simulation of the entire furnace braze process. For example, the tooling may be used to restrain the thermal growth of the copper sleeve to control the braze gap. This introduces radial and hoop compression in the copper sleeve during the heating phase, which must be accounted for as initial conditions to the cooling phase. At present, ANSYS does not have a provision for multiple TREF's, which would facilitate a straightforward solution. The following paper will develop a method to numerically simulate two TREF's using the present ANSYS finite-element code.