gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building a Rig State Classifier Using Supervised Machine Learning to Support Invisible Lost Time Analysis (2019)

Abstract This paper covers the development of a key component of an internal system to report invisible lost time (ILT) metrics across drilling operations. Specifically this paper covers the development of a generalizable rig state engine based on the application of supervised machine learning. The same steps used in the creation of the production rig state engine are appled here to a smaller data set to demonstrate both the tractability of the problem and the methods used to create the rig state engine in the production system. The project objective was to provide efficiency and engineering metrics in a central repository covering operated regions. The system is designed to require minimal user configuration and management and provides both historic and near real time analysis to deliver a rich resource for offset comparison and benchmarking. Identifying rig-state is at the heart of every performance and engineering analysis system. This can be thought of as a machine learning classification problem. A large supervised learning set was constructed and used to train classification models which were compared for accuracy. A key success metric was the ability to generalise the selected model across different operations. Output from the rig-state classifier was then used to derive KPI data which was presented through a web based front end. A pilot system was then developed using agile principles allowing for rapid user engagement. Testing demonstrated that the system can support all real time operations within the company simultaneously and rapidly process historic well data for offset benchmarking. The cloud-based architecture allows rapid deployment of the system to new groups significantly reducing deployment costs. The system provides a foundation for onward data science and more advanced functionality. Minimal configuration, cloud storage and processing, combining contextual data with real-time rig data, near-real-time and historic analysis capabilities, rapid deployment, low cost, high accuracy and consistent metrics are all key and proven value drivers for the system. The output data is aso a valuable resource for additional machine learning and data science projects.
Beckmann Rearrangement of 0-4-Pentenyl Oxime through N-Bromosuccinimide-Mediated Activating Process. (1997)

Beckmann rearrangement of O-4-pentenyl oxime derivatives proceeds in good yield under mild conditions through the formation of a cationic tetrahydrofuranium intermediate in the halocyclization reaction with N-bromosuccinimide.
Design of Tool Automatic Identification and Database Management System Based on RFID (2014)

) is a non-contact automatic identification technology, without human intervention. It is convenient to apply and it can identify fast moving objects. Around the tool and the tool information, the problem of low operational efficiency and low degree of tool management information are still unsolved. In this paper, RFID technology is applied in the tool automatic identification and management system. The tool automatic identification and database management system based on RFID is built. The application model, tool information database design and Upper Computer management software of the RFID in tool identification and management are analyzed. The overall architecture and the software function module of the system are constructed. The database management system is developed by the LabVIEW software. The interface design between LabVIEW and Access database is completed by using ActiveX, as a result, the information of Access database can be written-in and read-out by the management system. Meanwhile, the communication protocol between the Upper Computer and Lower Computer is programed that based on VISA. The RS232 is applied to make the communication between the Upper Computer and Lower Computer come true. Finally, take the SECO's Solid Carbide Ball-end Milling Cutter as an example to have an experiment. Through the experiment, the system proved to be with high reliability and efficiency.
Mitomycin-induced synthesis of a Shiga-like toxin from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli H.I.8 (1993)

Escherichia coli H.I.8, an O128 infant diarrhea isolate, produces low titers of a unique Shiga-like toxin (SLT), called SLT-IIva, which is a variant of SLT-II. We investigated induction of toxin synthesis and the putative association of a bacteriophage with toxin synthesis. Induction of broth cultures of strain H.I.8 with mitomycin yielded a 3,000-fold increase in SLT-IIva, production of a colicin, and appearance of a bacteriophage. Southern hybridization demonstrated that the genes for SLT-IIva were not carried by the bacteriophage.
Application of in situ laser gas analyzer in process control of blast furnace (2006)

Importance of gas analysis in ironmaking process of blast furnace is introduced.Disadvantages of traditional sampling gas analyzer are pointed out.Principle,performance advantage and instrument structure of in situ laser gas analyzer are described.The laser gas analyzer was applied to ironmaking process of blast furnace successfully,and meets the needs of gas analysis very well in blast furnace process control.
Development into Blastocysts of Bovine Oocytes Cryopreserved by Ultra-Rapid Cooling1 (1996)

The objective of the research described was to devise an efficient procedure to cryopreserve in vitro-matured bovine oocytes, using in vitro fertilization (IVF) and development of resultant zygotes into blastocysts as criteria of oocyte survival. Oocytes at metaphase II were found to be extremely sensitive to chilling. Cooling them to O degrees C for as little as 5 sec significantly decreased their capability to cleave and develop further after IVF; after 80 sec at 0 degrees C, only approximately 10% of chilled oocytes developed into blastocysts. Oocytes were also adversely affected by brief exposures to 4 M and 5.5 M ethylene glycol (EG) solutions supplemented with sucrose; after being suspended in either of these EG solutions in plastic straws and plunged directly into liquid nitrogen (LN2), few of the oocytes were fertilized and developed. To "outrace" chilling injury, oocytes contained in < 1 microliter of EG solution were placed onto electron microscope grids and plunged directly into N2 slush or LN2. After such ultra-rapidly cooled oocytes were warmed, 30% of them cleaved after IVF, and half of these developed into blastocysts-- survival rates equivalent to those for oocytes that had been exposed to EG without any cooling. This method offers promise as a novel way to cryopreserve bovine oocytes.
Investigation on the Kinetics of Electroreduction Processes at Dark TiO2 and SrTiO3 Single Crystal Semiconductor Electrodes (1980)

The cathodic dark current at n‐type Nb‐doped and electrodes in , Fe+3, or aqueous solution was measured as a function of applied voltage, concentration of oxidizing agent, and pH. Two distinct current regimes were observed, differing by their Tafel slopes and by their concentration dependence. The most marked feature of the results was the saturation of the current as a function of concentration in the high current‐density region. The experimental data were interpreted on the basis of a model involving electron transfer through surface states.
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) transfectants of a 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU)-sensitive colon cancer cell line selectively repopulate heterogenous MGMT+/MGMT- xenografts after BCNU and O6-benzylguanine plus BCNU. (1997)

To evaluate the role of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) in colon tumor chloroethylnitrosourea (CENU) resistance, AGT-deficient VACO 8 cells were transfected with a vector containing or lacking the human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) cDNA. VACO 8MGMT (V8MGMT) sublines possessed high levels of AGT activity in cell culture and were > 10-fold resistant to the CENU 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). V8MGMT cells, VACO 8neo cells, and mixtures of both were grown as xenografts in nude mice. MGMT expression in VACO 8 xenografts reflected the percentage of V8MGMT cells present in the tumor inoculum. Xenografts originally containing 0-10% V8MGMT cells were sensitive to BCNU, although partial resistance was observed as the percentage of V8MGMT cells increased. Tumors containing 30-100% V8MGMT cells were completely resistant to BCNU with no regressions and no growth delays. Pretreatment with O6-benzylguanine (BG) depleted tumor AGT activity for at least 6 h and sensitized xenografts containing 1 and 100% V8MGMT cells to BCNU. After BCNU or BG + BCNU, xenografts growing from inoculums containing as low as 0.1% V8MGMT cells had high AGT activities similar to that found in V8MGMT xenografts, with the majority of the cells expressing MGMT. These results provide evidence that MGMT expression influences both intrinsic and acquired colon tumor CENU resistance, that selective expansion of AGT+ colon tumor cells commonly occurs after CENU exposure, and that BG is effective in sensitizing colon tumors to CENUs, even when only a small fraction of the cells in a heterogeneous tumor express MGMT.
Effects of Direct Application of Fertilizers and Hydrogel on the Establishment of Poplar Cuttings (2014)

The aim of poplar plantations is to achieve high biomass production over a short rotation period. This requires low mortality and fast development of the transplants. The experiment described in this paper examines methods aimed at enhancing survival and development of Populus trichocarpa plants by application of fertilizers, a hydrogel or a combination of both to dormant cuttings just before planting. The experiment was carried out at two agricultural sites with different soil characteristics, a loamy sand and a silty loam. It was demonstrated that none of the treatments influenced survival or early growth at the silty loam soil site, and plant development was delayed by the solid fertilizer. At the site with loamy sand, the solid fertilizer negatively affected both survival and early growth. Hydrogel and the combination of hydrogel and the solid fertilizer also hampered early growth. Overall, treatments of poplar cuttings with hydrogel or fertilizers alone, or in combination, may not be a method to reduce poplar cutting mortality or to enhance early plant development on agricultural land. However, our results demonstrate that establishing poplar with cuttings as transplants can be used on both loamy sand and silty loam soils.
<i>In Vitro</i> Assessment of Variables Affecting the Efficiency and Efficacy of Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer to Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelia (1996)

Primary cultures of airway epithelia were used to evaluate variables pertinent to adenovirus (Ad)-mediated gene transfer efficiency and efficacy including: (i) Ad-vectors with different promoters, (ii) the duration of vector incubation with cells, (iii) the concentration and depth of vector-containing medium at constant multiplicity of infection (moi) (10(3)), and (iv) the relative sensitivity of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) versus functional analysis for the detection of transduced cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). An Ad5-lacZ vector with a cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer/promoter transduced the greatest amount of beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) activity, while an Ad2-lacZ vector with an E1a enhancer/promoter transduced the least. Ad5-lacZ vectors with the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), E1a/RSV, or CMV enhancer/beta-actin (CB) promoters transduced intermediate levels of beta-Gal. Optimal gene transfer efficiency was detected with a 4-8 hr incubation of Ad5-CMVlacZ with cells, although optimal CFTR Cl-transport function was detectable after only a 30 min incubation of Ad5-CBCFTR with cells, consistent with correction of > or = 6-10% of cells in the epithelial sheet. Ad5-CBCFTR transduction of CF airway epithelial cells (moi = 10(3)) was optimal when higher concentrations, lower volumes, or smaller depths of vector-containing medium were utilized. RT-PCR was at least 100-fold more sensitive for the detection of transduced CFTR than functional analysis, and could detect as few as 0.001% Ad5-CBCFTR-infected CF cells admixed with uninfected CF cells. In summary, the variables studied clearly affect the efficiency of Ad-mediated gene transfer in vitro and potentially in vivo. They also suggest that RT-PCR is a poor marker of gene transfer efficiency and efficacy.
<title>Differential-tilt technique for saturation-resistant profiling of atmospheric turbulence</title> (2002)

A technique for profiling of C<SUB>n</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> over an atmospheric propagation path is proposed, developed and analyzed. The technique employs differential-tilt measurements to arrive at statistics which have unique weighting functions over the propagation path. These weighting functions are computed theoretically and used to derive a reconstructor matrix for C<SUB>n</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> values throughout the path to be applied to an appropriate set of differential-tilt statistics. A candidate optical system is presented, and the performance of the profile reconstructor is analyzed. This study indicates that the relative error in the C<SUB>n</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> estimates is approximately 5%. The relative error in estimating key atmospheric parameters such as the Fried parameter, isoplanatic angle, and the Rytov parameter from the reconstructed profiles is approximately 3%.
‘Field-usable’ diode-pumped ~120 nmwavelength-tunable CW mid-IR fibre laser (2000)

The authors report continuously tunable (2.71 µm – 2.83 µm) operation of a diode-pumped mid-IR Er-doped ZBLAN fibre laser, with output powers > 1 mW over the entire 120 nm tuning range and > 5 mW over 56 nm (2.78 µm to 2.83 µm) of this range.
An integrated bipolar transmitter for DECT (2002)

An integrated bipolar transmitter IC for DECT is presented. The influence of the open loop architecture commonly used for the DECT system on the TX-IC concept is discussed in detail. It is shown that a two chip radio can achieve a higher integration level than a single chip solution.
Reliability of SrRuO3/SrTiO3/SrRuO3 stacks for DRAM applications (2012)

 Abstract— layer stack of strontium ruthenate/strontium titanate/strontium ruthenate was fabricated by low rate rf sputtering. A high dielectric permittivity of approximately 200 at a capacitive effective thickness (CET) of 0.4 nm in combination with a very low leakage current density JC of 5·10 -9 A/cm² at 833 kV/cm was achieved. JC is characterized by a Curie-von- Schweidler law before current degradation and stress induced leakage current (SILC) set in. The charge loss due to dielectric absorption (DA) showed values below 2 % and was evaluated by a transient floating potential setup. From time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) measurements we extrapolated an operating lifetime of approximately 7.5 years.
Construction of antibiotic resistance cassettes with multiple paired restriction sites for insertional mutagenesis of Haemophilus influenzae (1998)

Insertional mutagenesis of cloned genes coupled with site specific recombination into the genome of the parent organism is an ideal method for characterizing gene function. In this paper we describe the production and utility of two antibiotic resistance cassettes for use in Haemophilus influenzae. The mutagenic elements encode resistance to chloramphenicol or spectinomycin. Multiple paired restriction enzyme sites bound both cassettes. Use of these constructs to create mutants in H. influenzae demonstrated that the cassettes are readily incorporated into the genome in single copy and allow easy detection of mutant constructs. The insertions are stable following repeated in vitro passage. In addition, the elements are compatible with each other and allow the construction of multiple mutations within a single strain.
Performance Evaluation of DCB's Priority-Based Flow Control (2011)

Data Center Bridging (DCB) is a group of technologies defined within the IEEE to transform Ethernet into a lossless fabric. This paper uses data center network cards and switches to analyze the performance of Priority-based Flow Control, a DCB technology. The network hardware required to support this new technology is still new and not widely available. This paper is the first to experimentally show how Priority-based Flow Control performs well in simple systems but as the system becomes more complicated traffic streams within a priority show fate sharing characteristics. Notably, the throughput of different traffic streams converges to the lowest throughput among the streams. One of the most common applications used in data centers for interprocessor communication, MPI (Message Passing Interface), is analyzed. Finally, an iSCSI initiator and target are used to observe the throughput of iSCSI over a network with PFC. This paper shows the performance benefits of using PFC with TCP-based applications.
Hydrogen Production by Steam Gasification of Biomass Using Ni−Al Coprecipitated Catalysts Promoted with Magnesium (2002)

Ni−Al coprecipitated catalysts promoted with magnesium have been prepared using the rising and the constant pH techniques, two precipitant agents [(1) KOH and K2CO3, and (2) NH4OH)] and different metal contents. Catalyst characterization by temperature-programmed reduction and CO2 reforming of methane as a test reaction served to select the appropriate catalysts for use in the steam gasification of biomass. The catalysts selected were NiMgAl2O5, prepared at constant pH and precipitated with KOH and K2CO3; NiMgAl4O8 and NiMgAl1.24O3.86, both prepared at increasing pH with NH4OH. Biomass steam gasification experiments were carried out at 700 °C and at atmospheric pressure using different steam/biomass (S/B) and catalyst weight/biomass flow rate (W/B) ratios. From an analysis of the results obtained, the initial activity and stability of the catalysts have been studied. The NiMgAl2O5 catalyst presents the best performance showing the highest initial activity and stability. This work evidences an improvement of the NiMgAl2O5 catalyst with respect to the previously studied NiAl2O4 catalyst.
Crystallinity of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers (1965)

Abstract Determination of crystallinity of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers according to the usual x‐ray diffraction method employed for polyethylene is very much hampered by the fact that these copolymers are usually largely amorphous and the Bragg reflections in their diffraction diagrams which are therefore broad and weak are drowned by the strong and dominant amorphous halo. As a consequence it is virtually impossible to carry out a realistic resolution of the total diffraction diagram into the individual Bragg reflections in the halo. In the method described in this paper this difficulty is successfully surmounted by taking advantage of the unique shape and placement of the amorphous halo with respect to the Bragg reflections in the diffraction diagrams of these copolymers. This rather fortunate situation permits a direct determination of amorphous content without having to take recourse to the cumbersome resolution of the Bragg reflections and hence one can obtain crystallinity indirectly.
Regular Exercise Training Prevents Aortic Valve Disease in Low-Density Lipoprotein–Receptor–Deficient Mice (2010)

In the low-density lipoprotein-receptor-deficient mouse, regular ET prevents aortic valve sclerosis by numerous mechanisms, including preservation of endothelial integrity, reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress, and inhibition of the osteogenic pathway.
Theory of Quantum Conduction through a Constriction (1989)

A theory of ballistic conduction through a constriction is developed which predicts a steplike structure with amplitude $\frac{{e}^{2}}{h}$ in the conductance as a function of Fermi energy or width. For a sharp (abrupt) constriction the steps are only quantized to 1 part in ${10}^{3}$ at $T=0$. Disorder destroys the steps and they are modulated by novel resonant structure in certain regimes of shape and temperature.
Cascaded multi-class pairwise classifier (CascaMPa) for normal, cancerous, and cancer confounder classes in prostate histology (2011)

Gleason grading of prostate cancer is complicated by cancer confounders, or benign tissues closely resembling malignant processes (e.g. atrophy), which account for as much as 34% of misdiagnoses. Thus, it is critical to correctly identify confounders in a computer-aided diagnosis system. In this work, we present a cascaded multi-class pairwise classifier (CascaMPa) to identify the class of regions of interest (ROIs) of prostate tissue biopsies. CascaMPa incorporates domain knowledge to partition the multi-class problem into several binary-class tasks, reducing the intra-class heterogeneity that causes errors in one-versus-all multi-class approaches. Nuclear centroids are detected automatically via a deconvolution and watershed algorithm, and a set of features are calculated from graphs (Voronoi, Delaunay, and minimum spanning tree graphs) constructed on the centroids. The cascaded multi-class algorithm identifies each feature vector as one of six tissue classes: Gleason patterns 3, 4, and 5, normal epithelium and stroma, and non-cancerous atrophy (a cancer confounder) using a decision tree classifier. Performance of CascaMPa is evaluated using positive predictive value (PPV) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). For a database of 50 image patches per class (300 ROIs) from 118 patient studies, the classifier achieves an average PPV of 0.760 and AUC of 0.762 across all classes, while the one-versus-all approach yields an average PPV of 0.633 and AUC of 0.444.
Magnetic resonance imaging: Controlled interstitial laser therapy in children with vascular malformations (1998)

Background and Objective Interstitial laser therapy (ILT) is a minimally invasive treatment method for congenital vascular malformations (CVM). This study was intended to show whether or not open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a means of on-line thermometry and procedure control. Study Design/Patients and Methods ILT using a bare fiber and an Nd:YAG laser was applied in 20 children with CVM under open MR-control. Results With the open MR-systems, needle placement and advancement was excellent in all cases. On-line thermometry was possible in 90% of the therapy spots. The 6 week MR follow-up revealed a 76% reduction in tumor size in 14 patients. Clinical symptoms improved in 85% of the patients. Conclusion MR-guided ILT could become a safe method to treat selected types or selected regions of CVM. Lasers Surg. Med. 23:250–257, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Use of Potassium/Lime Drilling-Fluid System in Navarin Basin Drilling (1987)

Summary This paper presents a case history of Amoco Production Co.'s use of potassium-lime mud (KLM) for drilling a series of wells in the Navarin basin. The remote location, logistical concerns, environmental regulations, and the high cost of the operation mandated that the project be carefully planned. Planning, however, was hampered because the nearest offset to any of the wells was more than 100 miles [160 km] away. This paper describes the planning, implementation, and results of the mud system used to drill the wells. It includes a matrix of tests used to define further the nature of KLM, presents the methods used to run the system while the wells were drilled, and describes the results of using the mud in the basin. Navarin basin experience suggested that KLM should be considered when clay inhibition is needed and moderate bottomhole temperatures (BHT's) are expected.