gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relative Efficacy of Heparin and Related Glycosaminoglycans as Antithrombotic Drugs (1989)

In a standardized animal model, unfractionated heparin (UFH) prevents venous thrombogenesis at a dose of 80 micrograms/kg. Oligosaccharide fragments of heparin, with very high anti-Xa activity both in vitro and in ex vivo plasma samples were less effective than UFH in preventing thrombosis. A decasaccharide fragment was virtually inactive in impairing thrombosis at this dose, although a 20-22 monosaccharide fragment showed some impairment. Dermatan sulfate, which has no anti-factor Xa activity, partially impairs both thrombin generation and stasis thrombosis. However, dermatan sulfate could not suppress thrombin generation below about 35% of control at the doses studied. Neither oligosaccharides nor dermatan sulfate were as effective on a weight basis as UFH in impairing thrombosis, particularly after 20 minutes' stasus. Maximal antithrombotic effects are achieved when both factor Xa and thrombin are inhibited. Drugs which act primarily on factor Xa (oligosaccharides) or thrombin by non-ATIII pathways (dermatan sulfate) are less efficient than UFH as antithrombotic drugs.
A wide-band aerial system for circularly polarized waves, suitable for ionospheric research (1951)

An aerial system is described which is capable, without readjustment, of selecting one or other, of two circularly polarized waves of opposite sense over a frequency range of 2–6 Mc/s when they are incident vertically upon the system. Two horizontal dipoles are used at right angles and are associated with two corresponding inductance-capacitance lattice networks. E.M.F.'S in the aerials, which are initially 90° out of phase, may be added in phase, thus giving selection of a circularly polarized component. A discrimination ratio between the components of at least 12:1 has been obtained for frequencies from 2 to 6 Mc/s.
Field Homogenizing Coils for Nuclear Spin Resonance Instrumentation (1958)

The coils described in this paper are assembled in two relatively thin flat stacks which are placed on each pole piece of a nuclear spin resonance magnet. One coil of each coil pair is in each of the two stacks, and each coil pair is so designed that the current circulating in it produces, in the airgap center, a correcting magnetic field describable by one of a set of spherical harmonics. The orthogonal properties of the spherical harmonics render possible substantially independent adjustments of the currents in the several coil pairs, when some spin resonance parameter such as line width is utilized to determine that individual optima are reached. Experimental coil stacks with 13 coil pairs, for the second, third, and zonal fourth harmonics, have been constructed, and preliminary results obtained by Rex Richards (Oxford) indicate that when a 4-mm spin sample is used, this method can serve to reduce field inhomogeneities to less than 1 part in 108 with few sets of 13 current adjustments.
Optimal one-dimensional apodizations and shaped pupils for planet finding coronagraphy (2005)

The realization that direct imaging of extrasolar planets could be technologically feasible within the next decade or so has inspired a great deal of recent research into high-contrast imaging. We have contributed several design ideas, all of which can be described as shaped pupil coronagraphs. We offer a complete and unified survey of one-dimensional shaped pupil designs, some of which have been published in our previous papers. We also introduce a promising new design, which we call bar-code masks. With these masks we can achieve the required contrast with a fairly large discovery zone and throughput, but most importantly they are perhaps the easiest to manufacture and might therefore stand up best to refined analyses.
On the Aging Effects of 4H-SiC Schottky Photodiodes Under High Intensity Mercury Lamp Irradiation (2010)

Ultraviolet (UV) germicidal irradiation uses high-power 254-nm radiation from low-pressure mercury discharge lamps to kill or inactivate viral, bacterial, and fungal species. Since UV germicidal irradiation effectiveness depends primarily on the UV dose delivered to the microorganisms, it is essential to monitor the power emitted from the source by using appropriate UV-light detectors. We report on preliminary aging tests performed on high signal-to-noise ratio 4H-SiC Schottky photodiodes under high intensity mercury lamp irradiation (10 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ).
Scanning Tunneling Microscope Tip-Induced Anodization for Nanofabrication of Titanium (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScanning Tunneling Microscope Tip-Induced Anodization for Nanofabrication of TitaniumHiroyuki Sugimura, Tatsuya Uchida, Noboru Kitamura, and Hiroshi MasuharaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 16, 4352–4357Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100067a023https://doi.org/10.1021/j100067a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pre-extraction of hemicelluloses and subsequent kraft pulpingPart I: alkaline extraction (2008)

A mild alkaline treatment was applied to aspen chips prior to kraft pulping in order to extract hemicelluloses for use as biofuels. The extraction was performed at 50-90° C, and did not require costly pressurized reaction vessels. It resulted in a recovery of 40-50 kg of hemicellulose per ton of chips, and yielded the same amount of pulp after subsequent pulping of the extracted chips residue, as compared to a control cook. The pre-extraction process requires careful optimization of the pulping process, and allows shorter cooking time and lower chemical charges. Kraft pulps obtained from pre-extracted chips have a slightly higher cellulose/hemicellulose ratio, and demonstrate a small decrease in tensile index (~10%), but improved brightness and shive content. While the hemicellulose yield for this process is low, this problem is outweighed by the fact that pulp properties and pulping yield can be maintained at a high level. The recovered hemicellulose can be concentrated/isolated more easily than furfural-containing smaller fragments obtained by autohydrolysis or dilute-acid treatment.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Is a Potent Inhibitor of Extracellular Matrix Degradation by Cultured Human Mesangial Cells (1999)

Accumulation of the glomerular extracellular matrix (ECM) is a pivotal event in the progression from acute glomerular injury to end-stage renal disease. Although enhanced ECM synthesis has been demonstrated to contribute to ECM accumulation, the role of decreased ECM degradation is largely unknown. It was previously shown that glomerular ECM degradation is mediated by a plasminogen activator (PA)/plasmin/matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) cascade. However, little information is available regarding the factors that regulate the activity of this degradative cascade in normal or pathologic states. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is shown here to be a potent inhibitor of ECM degradation by cultured human mesangial cells. Using human mesangial cells grown on thin films of 125I-labeled Matrigel, dose-dependent inhibition of ECM degradation in the presence of TGF-beta1 was observed, reaching >90% inhibition with 0.4 ng/ml TGF-beta1. Addition of anti-TGF-beta antibodies (4 microg/ml) in the absence of exogenous TGF-beta increased ECM degradation (1.8+/-0.2-fold versus controls, P<0.05). In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor, at concentrations up to 10 ng/ml, had no effect on ECM degradation. TGF-beta completely blocked the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and markedly reduced the conversion of latent MMP-2 to active MMP-2. TGF-beta did not significantly alter the levels of tissue PA, total MMP-2, or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, but did increase the levels of PA inhibitor- (1.8-fold, P<0.05), the major physiologic inhibitor of PA. These data document that TGF-beta is a potent inhibitor of ECM degradation by cultured human mesangial cells, and they suggest that decreased mesangial matrix degradation, caused by TGF-beta-mediated decreases in the activity of the PA/plasmin/MMP-2 cascade, may contribute to the glomerular matrix accumulation that occurs in progressive renal disease.
Electron transfer. 79. Reductions of organic disulfides by vitamin B12s (cob(I)alamin) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron transfer. 79. Reductions of organic disulfides by vitamin B12s (cob(I)alamin)G. Chithambarathanu Pillai and Edwin S. GouldCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 19, 3353–3356Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00239a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00239a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Audio signal transmission over THz communication channel using semiconductor modulator (2004)

The first demonstration has been made of the transmission of an audio signal via a THz communication channel using a recently developed room temperature semiconductor THz modulator which is based on the depletion of a two-dimensional electron gas. A standard THz time-domain spectroscopy setup is modified to transmit signals up to 25 kHz over a 75 MHz train of broadband THz pulses.
Cell cycle parameters of slowly growing Escherichia coli B/r studied by flow cytometry (1983)

The cell cycle kinetics of Escherichia coli B/r A and B/r K cells were studied by flow cytometry. Three-dimensional histograms of cell cultures show the number of cells as a function of cellular DNA and protein contents and give detailed pictures of the cell cycle distribution with regard to these parameters. Histograms of slowly growing chemostat cultures showed that cell cycle periods B and C + D increase with a decreasing growth rate and that the B period occupies an increasing fraction of the cycle. The DNA replication patterns of B/r A and K were found to be quite similar. At extremely low growth rates (doubling time [T] = 17 h), B/r A cells had a B period of 0.8 T, a C period of 0.1 T, and a D period of 0.1 T, and B/r K cells (T = 16 h) had a B period of 0.6 T, a C period of 0.15 T, and a D period of 0.25 T. Mass increase, i.e., essentially protein synthesis, was seen in all three periods of the cell cycle. For B/r A cells, the average rate of mass increase was 11 times greater in the D period than in the B period, whereas for B/r K cells the rate of mass increase was twice as great in the D period as in the B period. The DNA and cell size distributions of batch cultures in exponential growth were found to vary with time, indicating that such cultures are not suitable for studies of cell cycle kinetics.
A principled approach to mining from noisy logs using Heuristics Miner (2013)

Noise is a challenge for process mining algorithms, but there is no standard definition of noise nor accepted way to quantify it. This means it is not possible to mine with confidence from event logs which may not record the underlying process correctly. We discuss one way of thinking about noise in process mining. We consider mining from a `noisy log' as learning a probability distribution over traces, representing the true process, from a log which is a sample from multiple distributions: the `true' process model and one or more `noise' models. We apply this using a probabilistic analysis of the Heuristics Miner algorithm, and demonstrate on a simple example. We show that for a given model it is possible to predict how much data is needed to mine the underlying model without the noise, and identify differences in the the robustness of Heuristics Miner to different types of noise.
<title>Wireless networks of opportunity in support of secure field operations</title> (1997)

Under funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) for joint military and law enforcement technologies, demonstrations of secure information transfer in support of law enforcement and military operations other than war, using wireless and wired technology, were held in September 1996 at several locations in the United States. In this paper, the network architecture, protocols, and equipment supporting the demonstration's scenarios are presented, together with initial results, including lessons learned and desired system enhancements. Wireless networks of opportunity encompassed in-building (wireless-LAN), campus-wide (Metricom Inc.), metropolitan (AMPS cellular, CDPD), and national (one- and two-way satellite) systems. Evolving DARPA-sponsored packet radio technology was incorporated. All data was encrypted, using multilevel information system security initiative (MISSI)FORTEZZA technology, for carriage over unsecured and unclassified commercial networks. The identification and authentication process inherent in the security system permitted logging for database accesses and provided an audit trail useful in evidence gathering. Wireless and wireline communications support, to and between modeled crisis management centers, was demonstrated. Mechanisms for the guarded transport of data through the secret-high military tactical Internet were included, to support joint law enforcement and crisis management missions. A secure World Wide Web (WWW) browser forms the primary, user-friendly interface for information retrieval and submission. The WWW pages were structured to be sensitive to the bandwidth, error rate, and cost of the communications medium in use (e.g., the use of and resolution for graphical data). Both still and motion compressed video were demonstrated, along with secure voice transmission from laptop computers in the field. Issues of network bandwidth, airtime costs, and deployment status are discussed.
Multireference self-consistent-field energies without the many-electron wave function through a variational low-rank two-electron reduced-density-matrix method (2007)

The variational two-electron reduced-density-matrix (2-RDM) method allows for the computation of accurate ground-state energies and 2-RDMs of atoms and molecules without the explicit construction of an N-electron wave function. While previous work on variational 2-RDM theory has focused on calculating full configuration-interaction energies, this work presents the first application toward approximating multiconfiguration self-consistent-field (MCSCF) energies via low-rank restrictions on the 1- and 2-RDMs. The 2-RDM method with two- or three-particle N-representability conditions reduces the exponential active-space scaling of MCSCF methods to a polynomial scaling. Because the first-order algorithm [Mazziotti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 213001 (2004)] represents each form of the 1- and 2-RDMs by a matrix factorization, the RDMs are readily defined to have a low rank rather than a full rank by setting the matrix factors to be rectangular rather than square. Results for the potential energy surfaces of hydrogen fluoride, water, and the nitrogen molecule show that the low-rank 2-RDM method yields accurate approximations to the MCSCF energies. We also compute the energies along the symmetric stretch of a 20-atom hydrogen chain where traditional MCSCF calculations, requiring more than 17x10(9) determinants in the active space, could not be performed.
High-Resolution Melt Curve Analysis for Identification of Single Nucleotide Mutations in the Quinolone Resistance Gene <i>aac(6′)-Ib-cr</i> (2010)

We have developed a simple PCR-based high-resolution melt curve analysis for identification of the quinolone resistance gene aac(6')-Ib-cr through regions encompassing the two defining single nucleotide mutations. Dissociation curves showed 100% concordance with DNA sequencing, including the identification of a strain where aac(6')-Ib and aac(6')-Ib-cr coexist.
Characterization and Localization of Prostatic Alpha<sub>1</sub>Adrenoceptors Using Radioligand Receptor Binding on Slide-Mounted Tissue Section (1993)

Alpha 1 adrenoceptor binding sites have been characterized in prostatic tissue homogenates using radioligand receptor binding studies. The objective of the present study was to characterize and localize prostatic alpha 1 adrenoceptor binding sites using slide-mounted tissue sections and the ligand 3H-prazosin. The present study demonstrated that preincubation is not required; the optimal incubation interval is 40 minutes; and a 1-minute wash (once or twice) maximizes the proportion of specific 3H-prazosin binding. Saturation studies were performed at 8 different concentrations of 3H-prazosin ranging between 0.0625 nM. to 8.0 nM. The binding of 3H-prazosin was consistently saturable and of high affinity. The mean Kd and Bmax determined from 6 saturation studies was 4.16 x 10(-10) M. and 1.30 fmol./mg. wet weight, respectively. The pharmacology of these 3H-prazosin binding sites was characterized using competitive displacement experiments. The mean IC50 corrected for prazosin, phentolamine and yohimbine was 7.8 x 10(-10) M., 6.0 x 10(-9) M. and 2.1 x 10(-6) M. The rank order of the IC50 corrected values indicates that alpha 1 binding sites were measured under the assay conditions. In the present study, the mean values for Kd, Bmax and IC50 corrected are similar to values previously reported using prostatic tissue homogenates. Prostatic tissue sections were apposed to x-ray film after being incubated with 3 nM. 3H-prazosin (total prazosin binding) and 3 nM. 3H-prazosin + 8 microM. prazosin (nonspecific prazosin binding). The autoradiograms were analyzed using a computerized analyzing system. The specific radioactive densities of 3H-prazosin in the stroma and glandular epithelium were 1099 +/- 48 pCi/mg. and 163 +/- 42 pCi/mg. The present study validates the technique of assaying alpha 1 adrenoceptor binding sites on slide-mounted prostatic tissue sections and provides further evidence that alpha 1 adrenoceptor binding sites are localized primarily to the stromal elements of the prostate.
Mueller polarimetric endoscopy (2014)

Mueller polarimetric imaging is a promising technique which is able to provide additional polarisation contrast for surgical imaging. In this work, an improved 3×3 Mueller matrix and a 4×4 Mueller matrix endoscopic system were constructed and images of rat abdomen were obtained and decomposed to quantify depolarisation, diattenuation and linear retardance.
Fibronectin and cytokines increase JNK, ERK, AP-1 activity, and transin gene expression in rat hepatic stellate cells (1997)

Cytokines, growth factors, and alterations in the extracellular matrix composition may play a role in maintaining hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in the activated state that is responsible for hepatic fibrogenesis. However, the signal transduction pathways that are stimulated by these factors in HSC remain to be fully elucidated. Recent evidence indicates that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, including c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), plays an important role in the cellular response to stress. The aims of this study were to investigate whether fibronectin (FN) or the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) activate JNK, ERK, and AP-1 activity in HSC and induce the gene expression of the matrix metalloproteinase transin. Treatment of HSC with FN resulted in an up to 4.5-fold increase in ERK activity and a 2.1-fold increase in JNK activity. IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha produced up to a fourfold increase in JNK activity and a twofold increase in ERK activity. We then compared the effects of FN, IL-1alpha, and TNF-alpha on AP-1 activity and metalloproteinase mRNA induction. All three compounds increased AP-1 binding and promoter activity, and transin mRNA levels were increased 1.8-fold by FN, 2.2-fold by IL-1alpha, and 2.8-fold by TNF-alpha. Therefore, FN and inflammatory cytokines increase MAPK activity, stimulate AP-1 activity, and increase transin gene expression in HSC. Signal transduction pathways involving the MAPK family may play an important role in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression by cytokines and FN in HSC.
Block placement with a Boltzmann Machine (1994)

The Boltzmann Machine is a neural model based on the same principles of simulated annealing that reaches good solutions, reduces the computational requirements, and is well suited for a low-cost, massively parallel hardware implementation. In this paper we present a connectionist approach to the problem of block placement in the plane to minimize wire length, based on its formalization in terms of the Boltzmann Machine. We detail the procedure to build the Boltzmann Machine by formulating the placement problem as a constrained quadratic assignment problem and by defining an equivalent 0-1 programming problem. The key features of the proposed model are: (1) high degree of parallelism in the algorithm, (2) high quality of the results, often near-optimal, and (3) support of a large variety of constraints such as arbitrary block shape, flexible aspect ratio, and rotations/reflections. Experimental results on different problem instances show the skills of the method as an effective alternative to other deterministic and statistical techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>