gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of human acute T-cell leukemia in SCID mice using the anti-CD7-deglycosylated ricin A-chain immunotoxin DA7. (1992)

The study of new therapeutic approaches for refractory human leukemia has been hampered by the lack of relevant in vivo models with disseminated disease, particularly T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In the present study we evaluated methods for establishing and therapy of a human T-ALL cell line (MT-ALL) in 73 SCID mice. MT-ALL is a T-cell receptor alpha/beta +, CD3+, and CD7+ leukemia cell line, derived from a patient with refractory disease and early death. Injection of 5 x 10(7) MT-ALL cells i.v. caused disseminated human leukemia in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic organs in 100% of SCID mice (n = 9) leading to death or terminal disease at 65 to 70 days after a uniform clinical course. To study possible therapeutic approaches for disseminated leukemia we utilized an immunotoxin, DA7, constructed by chemically linking the mouse IgG2b anti-CD7(3A1E) monoclonal antibody which recognizes a pan-T-cell marker expressed on almost all T-cell leukemias to deglycosylated ricin A-chain, a catalytic plant toxin and inhibitor of protein synthesis. Administration of DA7 led to greater than 5 log kill of clonogenic MT-ALL cells in vitro and selectively inhibited protein synthesis. DA7 was administered to mice at a dose of 10 micrograms/mouse/day for 5 consecutive days starting 8 days after i.v. inoculation of leukemia. The immunotoxin therapy resulted in significant long term survival over 348 days compared to untreated or control mice treated with anti-CD7 antibody and deglycosylated ricin A-chain which were all dead by day 70 (P less than 0.001). Even after more than 11 months there was no evidence of disease in 82% of the DA7 treated animals. SCID mice given i.p. injections (n = 9) developed an i.p. tumor mass but demonstrated metastasis outside the peritoneum with disseminated leukemia in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic organs, a finding different from most conventional nude mouse models. The leukemia was fatal in 100% and killed the animals at 68-95 days. SCID mice given i.p. injections of MT-ALL completely responded to therapy with DA7, resulting in survival of 100% of the animals (n = 10) at 216 days (P less than 0.001 compared to untreated animals). Anti-CD7 antibody, deglycosylated ricin A-chain, and a control anti-melanoma immunotoxin (IND1-RTA) showed no therapeutic effect. We conclude that DA7 is an effective in vivo therapeutic agent against human MT-ALL in the SCID mouse system, suggesting potential usefulness for therapy of humans with poor prognosis T-cell leukemia.
Stresses and Deflections of Cylindrical Bodies in Contact With Application to Contact of Gears and of Locomotive Wheels (1950)

Abstract From the well-known Hertz theory of contact stresses, where contact is over a finite area, the more elementary two-dimensional case of contact between two cylinders with parallel generators may be obtained as a limiting case by allowing the contact area to become infinitely long in one direction. However, it is easier to obtain it directly; this is done in the paper.
Characteristics of Chemical Heat Pump through Kinetic Analysis of Paraldehyde Depolymerization. (1998)

The paraldehyde/acetaldehyde (Pa/A) chemical heat pump is used as a cooling system. The present study investigates depolymerization of paraldehyde for a chemical heat pump cycle. The depolymerization rate of paraldehyde was measured in a range from 286 K to 303 K on an acid resin catalyst (Amberlyst 15E). The rate determining step of the depolymerization is the paraldehyde ring-opening step on the catalyt. The depolymerization rate equation on the solid catalyst is described by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model. The cooling rate of the Pa/A system at 286 K is estimated from the reaction rate equation. The cooling rate is 10 kW per unit catalyst-weight and higher than other CHPs. The coefficient of performance of the Pa/A system is 6.3.
Rhenium film preparation by laser melting (1980)

A laser melting method for preparing rhenium films on permalloy substrates is proposed. Main processes of the method include melting of pressed rhenium powders on substrates by a pulsed Nd-YAG laser beam to form around 30-μm-thick rhenium films, tightly bound to the substrates. Optimum conditions for the film preparation are investigated by computer simulation and experiments. Changes in density and thermal conductivity of a powder layer at the melting temperature are introduced in the simulation. It is demonstrated that, by using this method, high melting point films can be prepared on low melting point substrates.
Parallelized Architecture of Multiple Classifiers for Face Detection (2009)

This paper presents a parallelized architecture of multiple classifiers for face detection based on the Viola and Jones object detection method. This method makes use of the AdaBoost algorithm which identifies a sequence of Haar classifiers that indicate the presence of a face. We describe the hardware design techniques including image scaling, integral image generation, pipelined processing of classifiers, and parallel processing of multiple classifiers to accelerate the processing speed of the face detection system. Also we discuss the parallelized architecture which can be scalable for configurable device with variable resources. We implement the proposed architecture in Verilog HDL on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA and show the parallelized architecture of multiple classifiers can have 3.3times performance gain over the architecture of a single classifier and an 84times performance gain over an equivalent software solution.
Mechanical tension contributes to clustering of neurotransmitter vesicles at presynaptic terminals (2009)

Memory and learning in animals are mediated by neurotransmitters that are released from vesicles clustered at the synapse. As a synapse is used more frequently, its neurotransmission efficiency increases, partly because of increased vesicle clustering in the presynaptic neuron. Vesicle clustering has been believed to result primarily from biochemical signaling processes that require the connectivity of the presynaptic terminal with the cell body, the central nervous system, and the postsynaptic cell. Our in vivo experiments on the embryonic Drosophila nervous system show that vesicle clustering at the neuromuscular presynaptic terminal depends on mechanical tension within the axons. Vesicle clustering vanishes upon severing the axon from the cell body, but is restored when mechanical tension is applied to the severed end of the axon. Clustering increases when intact axons are stretched mechanically by pulling the postsynaptic muscle. Using micro mechanical force sensors, we find that embryonic axons that have formed neuromuscular junctions maintain a rest tension of approximately 1 nanonewton. If the rest tension is perturbed mechanically, axons restore the rest tension either by relaxing or by contracting over a period of approximately 15 min. Our results suggest that neuromuscular synapses employ mechanical tension as a signal to modulate vesicle accumulation and synaptic plasticity.
Experimental Study of Wettability Alteration to Preferential Gas-Wetting in Porous Media and Its Effects (2000)

Summary In a recent theoretical study, Li and Firoozabadi [Li, K. and Firoozabadi, A.: "Phenomenological Modeling of Critical-Condensate Saturation and Relative Permeabilities in GasCondensate Systems," paper SPE 56014 available from SPE, Richardson, Texas (2000)] showed that if the wettability of porous media can be altered from preferential liquid-wetting to preferential gas-wetting, then gas-well deliverability in gas-condensate reservoirs can be increased. In this article, we present the results that the wettability of porous media may indeed be altered from preferential liquid-wetting to preferential gas-wetting. In the petroleum literature, it is often assumed that the contact angle through liquid-phase θ is equal to 0° for gas-liquid systems in rocks. As this work will show, while θ is always small, it may not always be zero. In laboratory experiments, we altered the wettability of porous media to preferential gas-wetting by using two chemicals, FC754 and FC722. Results show that in the glass capillary tube θ can be altered from about 50 to 90° and from 0 to 60° by FC754 for water-air and normal decane-air systems, respectively. While untreated Berea saturated with air has a 60% imbibition of water, its imbibition of water after chemical treatment is almost zero and its imbibition of normal decane is substantially reduced. FC722 has a more pronounced effect on the wettability alteration to preferential gas-wetting. In a glass capillary tube θ is altered from 50 to 120° and from 0 to 60° for water-air and normal decane-air systems, respectively. Similarly, because of wettability alteration with FC722, there is no imbibition of either oil or water in both Berea and chalk samples with or without initial brine saturation. Entry capillary pressure measurements in Berea and chalk give a clear demonstration that the wettability of porous media can be permanently altered to preferential gas-wetting.
Impaired granulopoiesis, myelodysplasia, and early lethality in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ɛ-deficient mice (1997)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are essential for host defense to infectious diseases. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein epsilon (C/EBP epsilon) is preferentially expressed in granulocytes and lymphoid cells. Mice with a null mutation in C/EBP epsilon develop normally and are fertile but fail to generate functional neutrophils and eosinophils. Opportunistic infections and tissue destruction lead to death by 3-5 months of age. Furthermore, end-stage mice develop myelodysplasia, characterized by proliferation of atypical granulocytes that efface the bone marrow and result in severe tissue destruction. Thus, C/EBP epsilon is essential for terminal differentiation and functional maturation of committed granulocyte progenitor cells.
A highly efficient retroviral vector allows detection of the transforming activity of the human c-fps/fes proto-oncogene (1989)

We have constructed an efficient new retroviral vector containing strong promoting elements derived from the Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) long terminal repeat (LTR) and have used the vector to demonstrate that overexpression of human c-fps/fes can transform established mouse cells. When a c-fps/fes cDNA was cloned into the vector, this viral DNA and the recovered virus induced very high levels of the c-fps/fes product NCP92 and tumorigenic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Compared with an isogenic vector under control of a Moloney MuLV-derived LTR, the vector driven by the F-MuLV LTR induced 3- to 10-times-higher levels of expression of c-fps/fes, a higher level of phosphotyrosine in cellular proteins, and a virus whose transforming activity was 2 orders of magnitude greater. We conclude (i) that normal c-fps/fes can induce morphologic transformation and that its transforming activity is a function of the level of expression of NCP92 and (ii) that the vector based on the F-MuLV LTR is more efficient than the vector driven by a Moloney MuLV LTR in inducing high levels of expression and measurable biological activity.
Studying wireless routing link metric dynamics (2007)

Multi-hop wireless mesh networks are increasingly being deployed for last-mile Internet access. Typically, network algorithms such as routing, channel assignment and topology control for such networks rely heavily on metrics that intend to capture link "quality" across the network. However, the underlying dynamics of the proposed link metrics themselves have not yet been studied in detail. In this paper, we study the dynamics of the most popular link metrics in real network deployments. Using two wireless mesh testbeds, we measure a number of link metrics across different hardware platforms and network environments. The collected measurements allow us to study the stability and sensitivity of the different metrics to various conditions. Our study provides several insights and future research directions on how network algorithms need to adapt to link dynamics as well as how popular and widely used link metrics can be improved.
PRIOR-BASED SEGMENTATION OF MR IMAGES USING GRAPH CUTS (2008)

The development of faster and higher resolution MR imaging devices has made accessible mass quantities of image data. Much information can be extracted by analyzing these high spatial resolution images. For instance, tissue volumes, which can be measured through MR images, are used as an indicator in many clinical applications and research studies. Research studies involving tissue volume analysis often require the processing of a vast amount of data hence manual segmentation of the images by experts is very time-consuming. Data segmented by human experts are also likely to show inter- and intra-observer inconsistency. For these reasons, automated segmentation of MR images is of great importance and interest. MR images present many challenges for automated segmentation. In addition to noise, MR images are also corrupted by problems specific to MR imaging such as intensity inhomogeneity. Furthermore, poor contrast at tissue boundaries due to multiple tissues having similar MR intensities also present problems. On the other hand, strong contours may exist where boundaries are not desired, because multiple tissues with very different MR intensities may be present within the same anatomical structure. Prior information, such as spatial atlases and shape priors can be very powerful in these cases. In this thesis, we developed highly accurate and robust graph cuts-based method that automatically segments MR images. The images we are most interested in are those that cannot be correctly segmented using intensity information alone. We developed models for robustly incorporating prior information such as spatial atlas and geometric or statistical shape priors into the efficient graph cuts segmentation framework. Specifically, we developed methods to incorporate spatial atlas, statistical and geometric shape priors with graph cuts for MR image segmentation. We tested our methods on MR brain, abdomen and cardiac images with intensity inhomogeneity, poor contrast at desired boundaries and/or strong contrast at undesired boundaries and obtained encouraging results. Finally, we proposed a way of dealing with objects with curvy boundaries.
The embryonated egg: a practical target for genetic based advances to improve poultry production (2003)

The embryonated avian egg is an attractive target for applying technology-based advances to improve poultry production. There are a number of reasons for this. First, the egg is immobile and can be easily accessed by high-speed automated equipment such as the commercial egg injection system used for vaccination of broilers worldwide. Second, due to successful breeding techniques, the embryonic period now composes 30 to 40% of a broiler's total lifespan, underscoring the importance of this window in the bird production life cycle. Third, the period of incubation involves rapid development from a ball of 40,000 to 60,000 undifferentiated blastodermal cells to a fully formed chick and associated extra-embryonic compartments in 21 d, allowing development of novel approaches for improving poultry production. Some of these novel approaches will be discussed in this paper and include gender discrimination of embryos and the possibility of changing the breeding paradigm through introduction of undifferentiated cells such as avian blastodermal or embryonic stem cells.
Medical data visual synchronization and information interaction using Internet-based graphics rendering and message-oriented streaming (2019)

The rapid technology advances in medical devices make possible the generation of vast amounts of data, which contain massive quantities of diagnostic information. Interactively accessing and sharing the acquired data on the Internet is critically important in telemedicine. However, due to the lack of efficient algorithms and high computational cost, collaborative medical data exploration on the Internet is still a challenging task in clinical settings. Therefore, we develop a web-based medical image rendering and visual synchronization software platform, in which novel algorithms are created for parallel data computing and image feature enhancement, where Node.js and Socket.IO libraries are utilized to establish bidirectional connections between server and clients in real time. In addition, we design a new methodology to stream medical information among all connected users, whose identities and input messages can be automatically stored in database and extracted in web browsers. The presented software framework will provide multiple medical practitioners with immediate visual feedback and interactive information in applications such as collaborative therapy planning, distributed treatment, and remote clinical health care.
A MEMS Fuel Atomizer for Advanced Engines (2004)

Future aircraft and weapons need highly efficient propulsive power plants to achieve their performance goals. Higher performance engines such as the pulse detonation engine (PDE) are needed. The pulse detonation engine is an exciting airbreathing propulsion cycle with great potential for improved range and thrust. Most research has been performed with gaseous fuels, so demonstrating rapid deflagration-to-detonation using storable, liquid hydrocarbon fuels is essential to successful development and application of this engine. Unfortunately, liquid fuels require atomization unless pre-vaporized, which introduces the challenge of detonating a liquid spray. Recent research shows that droplet Sauter-mean diameters as small as 3 µm may be required for successful detonations. Unfortunately, currently available atomizers produce a droplet distribution that has an unacceptably large number of big droplets (up to 200µm) even though the Sautermean diameter can be as small as 30-40µm. Thus, new atomization technologies are needed to produce these small droplets. Using microelectromechanical (MEMS) technology, atomizers can be built with the micron scale features needed to obtain very fine droplet atomization. In this paper we describe the design, fabrication and packaging challenges encountered in building a MEMS fuel atomizer for use in advanced engines.
Improved, low cost inorganic-organic separators for rechargeable silver-zinc batteries (1979)

Several flexible, low-cost inorganic-organic separators with performance characteristics and cycle life equal to, or better than, the Lewis Research Center Astropower separator were developed. These new separators can be made on continuous-production equipment at about one-fourth the cost of the Astropower separator produced the same way. In test cells, these new separators demonstrate cycle life improvement, acceptable operating characteristics, and uniform current density. The various separator formulas, test cell construction, and data analysis are described.
Genetic basis of lipoprotein disorders. (1989)

Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that carry cholesterol in the bloodstream. They are spherical particles with a coat consisting principally of amphiphilic phospho- lipids and proteins, called apolipoproteins, and a core, which is essentially an oil droplet, consisting of varying proportions of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. Lipoprotein levels are de- termined by genes that code for proteins that control lipopro- tein synthesis, lipoprotein processing, and lipoprotein break- down. These include the apolipoproteins, A-I, A-II, A-IV, B, CI, CII, CIII, D, E, and apo(a), the lipoprotein processing proteins, lipoprotein lipase (LPL),1 hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and the lipoprotein receptors, LDL receptor, chylomicron remnant receptor, and scavenger receptor. The following is a brief summary of cur- rent knowledge about the genetic basis of lipoprotein dis- orders. Additional background information and references may be found in several recent review articles (1-1 1).
Long Wavelength (λ > 17 µm) Distributed Feedback Quantum Cascade Lasers Operating in a Continuous Wave at Room Temperature (2019)

The extension of the available spectral range covered by quantum cascade lasers (QCL) would allow one to address new molecular spectroscopy applications, in particular in the long wavelength domain of the mid-infrared. We report in this paper the realization of distributed feedback (DFB) QCLs, made of InAs and AlSb, that demonstrated a continuous wave (CW) and a single mode emission at a wavelength of 17.7 µm, with output powers in the mW range. This is the longest wavelength for DFB QCLs, and for any QCLs or semiconductor lasers in general, operating in a CW at room temperature.
Health Outcomes of Severely Obese Type 2 Diabetic Subjects 1 Year After Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (2002)

Modern laparoscopic weight-loss surgery is effective in managing the broad range of health problems experienced by severely obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Surgery should be considered as an early intervention.
Analysis of the genome sequences of three <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> spontaneous mutation accumulation lines (2009)

We inferred the rate and properties of new spontaneous mutations in Drosophila melanogaster by carrying out whole-genome shotgun sequencing-by-synthesis of three mutation accumulation (MA) lines that had been maintained by close inbreeding for an average of 262 generations. We tested for the presence of new mutations by generating alignments of each MA line to the D. melanogaster reference genome sequence and then compared these alignments base by base. We determined empirically that at least five reads at a site within each line are required for accurate single nucleotide mutation calling. We mapped a total of 174 single-nucleotide mutations, giving a single nucleotide mutation rate of 3.5 x 10(-9) per site per generation. There were no false positives in a random sample of 40 of these mutations checked by Sanger sequencing. Variation in the numbers of mutations among the MA lines was small and nonsignificant. Numbers of transition and transversion mutations were 86 and 88, respectively, implying that transition mutation rate is close to 2x the transversion rate. We observed 1.5x as many G or C --> A or T as A or T --> G or C mutations, implying that the G or C --> A or T mutation rate is close to 2x the A or T --> G or C mutation rate. The base composition of the genome is therefore not at an equilibrium determined solely by mutation. The predicted G + C content at mutational equilibrium (33%) is similar to that observed in transposable element remnants. Nearest-neighbor mutational context dependencies are nonsignificant, suggesting that this is a weak phenomenon in Drosophila. We also saw nonsignificant differences in the mutation rate between transcribed and untranscribed regions, implying that any transcription-coupled repair process is weak. Of seven short indel mutations confirmed, six were deletions, consistent with the deletion bias that is thought to exist in Drosophila.