gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network geometry inference using common neighbors (2015)

We introduce and explore a method for inferring hidden geometric coordinates of nodes in complex networks based on the number of common neighbors between the nodes. We compare this approach to the HyperMap method, which is based only on the connections (and disconnections) between the nodes, i.e., on the links that the nodes have (or do not have). We find that for high degree nodes, the common-neighbors approach yields a more accurate inference than the link-based method, unless heuristic periodic adjustments (or "correction steps") are used in the latter. The common-neighbors approach is computationally intensive, requiring O(t4) running time to map a network of t nodes, versus O(t3) in the link-based method. But we also develop a hybrid method with O(t3) running time, which combines the common-neighbors and link-based approaches, and we explore a heuristic that reduces its running time further to O(t2), without significant reduction in the mapping accuracy. We apply this method to the autonomous systems (ASs) Internet, and we reveal how soft communities of ASs evolve over time in the similarity space. We further demonstrate the method's predictive power by forecasting future links between ASs. Taken altogether, our results advance our understanding of how to efficiently and accurately map real networks to their latent geometric spaces, which is an important necessary step toward understanding the laws that govern the dynamics of nodes in these spaces, and the fine-grained dynamics of network connections.
Process Center Co., Ltd. (2007)

Process Center Co., Ltd. Head office/factory ... Tokyo office ... Gifu office ... Process Center Co., Ltd. Ad.D.I/Shuzo Kato P/Yasuhiko Katsuda
MicroRNA‑1291 mediates cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by downregulating MED1 in prostate cancer (2019)

miRNAs are important factors involved in the regulation of tumor development. miR-1291 was found to have regulatory effects in many tumors, but its role in prostate cancer (PCa) still remains unclear. We explored the expression of miR-1291 in PCa to reveal its role in regulating the progression of PCa as well as its underlying mechanism. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-1291 in PCa tissues and cell lines compared to normal tissues and cell lines. miR-1291 mimics and inhibitors were applied to overexpress or inhibit the level of miR-1291 in PCa cells. The ability of cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay, and cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. The potential target of miR-1291 was identified via western blot analysis and luciferase assays. Then a xenograft model was established to explore the function of miR-1291 in PCa <i>in vivo</i>. The results revealed that the expression level of miR-1291 was significantly lower in the PCa tissues than that in the normal adjacent tissues. In PCa-derived cells, there was also a downregulated expression level of miR-1291. Overexpression of miR-1291 obviously inhibited DU-145 cell proliferation and induced cell cycle transition from G0/G1 to S phase. However, inhibition of miR-1291 promoted the growth of LNCaP cells, and promoted the cell cycle transition to S phase and G2/M phase. MED1 was proven to be a potential target gene of miR-1291, and miR-1291 significantly inhibited its expression. At the <i>in vivo</i> level, overexpression of miR-1291 inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors and significantly inhibited the expression of MED1 protein. Our study demonstrated that miR-1291 inhibits cell proliferation and tumorigenesis of PCa via MED1, which might provide a novel target for PCa diagnosis and biological therapy.
IL‐6 and IL‐1β in Fever: Studies Using Cytokine‐Deficient (Knockout) Mice<sup>a</sup> (1998)

Previous data support the hypothesis that during inflammation, interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-6 are involved in fever, in activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and in the induction of eicosanoids. Most of the pathophysiologic effects of IL-1 beta and Il-6 are mediated by prostaglandins (PGs), modulated by other cytokines, and antagonized by glucocorticoids (GC), a final product of the HPA axis. To further test these relationships, we measured changes in body temperature using biotelemetry in mice deficient in genes for IL-1 beta and/or IL-6 (IL-1 beta knockout [KO] and IL-6 KO) following injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce systemic inflammation or turpentine to induce local abscess. Circulating IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), GC, and PGE2 were measured in these mice after treatment. IL-1 beta KO mice responded with reduced fever and IL-6 KO mice with normal fever to a high dose of LPS. In contrast, neither type of KO mice produced fever to turpentine. PGE2 levels (measured in the circulation) were suppressed in both types of KO mice injected with turpentine. IL-1 beta KO mice showed deficiency in IL-6 following turpentine, but not LPS, injection. LPS-induced increases in TNF-alpha did not differ between IL-1 beta KO mice and their wild-type counterparts, whereas IL-6 KO mice showed exacerbated LPS-induced circulating TNF-alpha. No differences were noted in plasma elevations of GC between KO and wild-type mice following injection of LPS or turpentine, indicating that IL-1 beta and IL-6 are not required for activation of the HPA axis during inflammation. Our data demonstrate that in the mouse, IL-1 beta and IL-6 are critical for the induction of fever during local inflammation, whereas in systemic inflammation they appear only to contribute to fever.
Detectability in computed tomographic images (1979)

The detection limitations inherent in statistically limited computed tomographic (CT) images are described through the application of signal detection theory. The detectability of large-area, low-contrast objects is shown to be chiefly dependent upon the low-frequency content of the noise power spectral density. For projection data containg uncorrelated noise, the resulting ramplike, low-frequency behavior of the noise power spectrum of CT reconstructions may be conveniently characterized by the number of noise-equivalent x-ray quanta (NEQ) detected in the projection measurements. The NEQ for a given image may be determined either from a measurement of the noise power spectrum or from the noise granularity computed with an appropriate weighting function. A measure of the efficiency of scanner dose utilization is proposed which compares the average dose to that required by an ideal scanner to obtain the same NEQ.
A simple micromethod for collagen and total protein determination in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. (1985)

A simple, sensitive, and quantitative procedure is described for the measurement of collagen and protein content in tissue sections prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. The method can detect as little as 5.7 micrograms of collagen per mg of protein. It is based on the selective binding of Sirius red F3BA and Fast green FCF to collagen and noncollagenous components, respectively, when the sections are stained with both dyes dissolved in aqueous saturated picric acid. Both dyes are eluted readily and simultaneously with NaOH-methanol and the absorbances obtained at 540 and 605 nm can be used to determine the amount of collagen and protein. The color equivalence of each dye was determined after destaining the sections and measuring the collagen content by hydroxyproline analysis and the amount of protein by the micro-Kjeldahl procedure. When several sections prepared from five rat tissues were analyzed first by the dye binding method and then by the chemical procedure, comparable results were obtained. This method could be of use in measuring collagen in tissue specimens and could be helpful in assessing the degree of fibrosis in tissue samples and in evaluating the effects of antifibrogenic drugs currently in use.
Transgenic expression of HLA‐E single chain trimer protects porcine endothelial cells against human natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (2007)

Stable surface expression of HLA-E on pEC was achieved in the absence of extrinsic peptide pulsing and provided partial protection from human NK cytotoxicity. Though insufficient to inhibit xenogeneic NK cell reactivity completely, transgenic HLA-E expression on pig organs might contribute to a successful application of clinical xenotransplantation in combination with other protective strategies.
TH-D-210A-02: Portal Imaging for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (2009)

Purpose: To develop a methodology of therapy portal imaging verification for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and RapidArc treatments. Method and Materials: For Varian dynamic IMRT treatments the “DMLC aperture” or CIAO can be imaged by electronic portal imaging device (EPID) or with film. However, during VMAT and RapidArc treatment delivery, MLC leaves constantly move while gantry is rotating continuously. For quality assurance purpose for VMAT and RapidArc treatments we introduce the concept of “Dose Aperture”. In this approach a 3D isodose surface is created with a fixed beam direction, and a portal aperture is drawn around the projection of the isodose surface. For rotational modalities, such as VMAT and RapidArc, a standard orthogonal pair of beam directions can be selected on which the Dose Apertures are projected on the digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs). Portal images using these apertures can be obtained to verify the isocenter and location of the treatment with respect to the patient's bony anatomy. Results: For a VMAT plan the prescription isodose surface was generated using well established planning software tools. For the AP and LAT beams, two Dose Apertures were created, which were then projected on the corresponding DRRs for field matching and correlation. The Dose Apertures could be transferred to setup fields which are then readily available for portal imaging application of VMAT and RapidArc treatments. Conclusion: Although setup fields without the treatment apertures can be used to verify the location of the isocenter, the portal image generated with Dose Aperture is patient specific and can be used when weekly portal imaging is required.
Wideband Millimeter-Wave Propagation Measurements and Channel Models for Future Wireless Communication System Design (2015)

The relatively unused millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum offers excellent opportunities to increase mobile capacity due to the enormous amount of available raw bandwidth. This paper presents experimental measurements and empirically-based propagation channel models for the 28, 38, 60, and 73 GHz mmWave bands, using a wideband sliding correlator channel sounder with steerable directional horn antennas at both the transmitter and receiver from 2011 to 2013. More than 15,000 power delay profiles were measured across the mmWave bands to yield directional and omnidirectional path loss models, temporal and spatial channel models, and outage probabilities. Models presented here offer side-by-side comparisons of propagation characteristics over a wide range of mmWave bands, and the results and models are useful for the research and standardization process of future mmWave systems. Directional and omnidirectional path loss models with respect to a 1 m close-in free space reference distance over a wide range of mmWave frequencies and scenarios using directional antennas in real-world environments are provided herein, and are shown to simplify mmWave path loss models, while allowing researchers to globally compare and standardize path loss parameters for emerging mmWave wireless networks. A new channel impulse response modeling framework, shown to agree with extensive mmWave measurements over several bands, is presented for use in link-layer simulations, using the observed fact that spatial lobes contain multipath energy that arrives at many different propagation time intervals. The results presented here may assist researchers in analyzing and simulating the performance of next-generation mmWave wireless networks that will rely on adaptive antennas and multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems.
In situ video encoding of floating-point volume data using special-purpose hardware for a posteriori rendering and analysis (2017)

Scientific simulations typically store only a small fraction of computed timesteps due to storage and I/O bandwidth limitations. Previous work has demonstrated the compressibility of floating-point volume data, but such compression often comes with a tradeoff between computational complexity and the achievable compression ratio. This work demonstrates the use of special-purpose video encoding hardware on the GPU which is present but (to the best of our knowledge) completely unused in current GPU-equipped super computers such as Titan. We show that lossy encoding allows the output of far more data at sufficient quality for a posteriori rendering and analysis. We also show that the encoding can be computed in parallel to general-purpose computation due to the special-purpose hardware. Finally, we demonstrate such encoded volumes are inexpensive to decode in memory during analysis, making it unnecessary to ever store the decompressed volumes on disk.
Evidence for a therapeutic gain when AQ4N or tirapazamine is combined with radiation. (1996)

The use of bioreductive drugs as an adjunct to radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer is presently being tested in several clinical trials worldwide. We have developed a novel bioreductive compound AQ4N (1,4-bis-¿[2-(dimethylamino-N-oxide)ethyl]amino¿ 5,8-dihydroxy-anthracene-9, 10-dione) which can be reduced to a stable cytotoxic agent AQ4. The anti-tumour efficacy of AQ4N has been studied using male BDF mice bearing the T50/80 tumour. AQ4N in combination with single dose radiation (12 Gy) and also with two fractionated radiation regimens was examined (5 x 3 Gy, one fraction per day; or 10 x 2 Gy fractions, 2 fractions per day with an 8 h interval). Results show that in all combinations tested there was a marked increase in anti-tumour efficacy. This was also found in the single dose regimen for the bioreductive drug tirapazamine (SR 4233; 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1, 4-dioxide). Normal tissue toxicity of drug-radiation combinations was measured by assessing function in the eccrine sweat gland of the mouse hind foot. When combined with 10 Gy radiation neither AQ4N nor tirapazamine showed any enhancement of functional loss as compared with radiation alone. This was in contrast to mitomycin C which had a marked effect on the radiation induced functional deficit. In conclusion, in our model, an increase in the therapeutic index was obtained for radiation treatment when either AQ4N or tirapazamine was administered concurrently.
Large-Scale Simultaneous Orientation of CdSe Nanorods and Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) by Mechanical Rubbing (2013)

Highly oriented hybrid thin films composed of rod-shaped CdSe nanocrystals and poly(3-hexylthiophene) are prepared by mechanical rubbing. The orientation distribution of both CdSe nanorods and crystalline P3HT domains is determined by a combination of transmission electron microscopy (electron diffraction, low dose high-resolution TEM, and tomography), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements, and UV–vis spectroscopy. After rubbing, P3HT crystalline domains show a preferential face-on orientation ((010) contact plane) and the chains align parallel to the rubbing direction. CdSe nanorods also align parallel to the rubbing direction, but the level of alignment is a function of their concentration in the polymer matrix: the lower their concentration, the higher the level of in-plane orientation of both the nanorods and the polymer chains. GIXD and electron diffraction suggest that CdSe nanorods adopt a preferential contact plane on the substrate after rubbing. The high in-plane alignment of the nanorods is mainly due to the orientation of the surrounding P3HT matrix. In particular, low dose HR-TEM shows that the local orientation of individual NRs matches the orientation of the surrounding π-stacked P3HT chains. For a high NR concentration, bundling of NRs into larger aggregates prevents their efficient alignment by rubbing.
Road area detection based on texture orientations estimation and vanishing point detection (2013)

Estimating a proper location of the road area from a single road image plays an essential role in autonomous driving systems and driver assistant systems. In this paper, we propose a new road area detection method based on texture orientations estimation and vanishing point detection. This method first estimates a vanishing point using a texture-based soft voting algorithm proposed in our recent study. After that, texture orientations and color information are combined in order to generate a histogram for estimating two most dominant road borders. The road area is defined as a region between the two detected road borders and below the estimated vanishing point. The proposed method has been imple- mented and tested in 1000 road images which contain large variations in color, texture, lighting condition and surrounding environment. The experimental results demonstrate that our method performs well in challenging conditions.
Performance Analysis of Low-Complexity Simply-Differential Time Synchronization Approach for MTC over LTE Systems (2016)

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has started to investigate feasibility of machine type communication terminal class in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks in the Release 12 to address the requirements of the Internet of Tings (IoT) targeting low-end device market with improved coverage. Along with that, the 3GPP has defined reference signals to support device discovery, communication and synchronization. These signals are transmitted by either an eNB within the coverage area, or a peer User Equipment (UE) in partial and out of coverage scenarios. The regular LTE synchronization signals, built from Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences and M-sequences, are reused in Rel-12. In this paper, we deal with low- complexity synchronization approach based on ZC sequences and tailored to LTE signal. The presented approach carries out Simply-Differential (SD) correlation-based metric that allows the detection of a ZC sequence pattern within the received signal. The SD metric correlates the received signal and compensates the output with an adjustment frequency whose value depends on the training ZC sequence. To reduce the huge computational load resulting from differential correlation operations, a recursive implementation of the SD metric is proposed. The performance is here evaluated in terms of theoretical probability of correct detection and compared to the experimental rate of correct detection to validate the analysis. The obtained results show good match between analytical and experimental probabilities.
Efficient levoglucosenone production by catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose mixed with ionic liquid (2011)

Levoglucosenone is a synthetically valuable and versatile compound that is present as a minor product of cellulose pyrolysis. Here, we report the catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose by mixing with 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium triflate ionic liquid (IL), forming levoglucosenone in high yield. The catalysis of the IL was selectively directed to form levoglucosenone, while the low content of IL (50%) effectively prevented formation of char, leading to a yield near 20% even at 250 °C. The thermally stable IL could be fully recovered from the mixture pyrolyzed up to 300 °C and reutilized for pyrolysis.
Microwatt Radioisotope Energy Converters (1964)

After a brief survey of proposed radioisotope conversion systems this paper presents in detail two systems particularly suited for microwatt power sources. First, a 10-9 ampere Kr85 ß current cell capable of tens of kilovolts now in limited production is presented, followed by a discussion of other possible future ß current cells. Second, some theoretical considerations of a Pm147 silicon electronvoltaic converter with an output in the range of 100 μA/cm2 at a few tenths of a volt are discussed. Some applications adapted to each system are also presented.
Rapidly maturing red fluorescent protein variants with strongly enhanced brightness in bacteria (2003)

A rapidly maturing variant of the red fluorescent protein DsRed was optimized for bacterial expression by random mutagenesis. The brightest variant contains six mutations, two of which (S4T and a silent mutation in codon 2) explain most of the fluorescence enhancement. The novel variants are expressed at 9-60-fold higher levels in Escherichia coli compared to DsRed.T3, but are not superior fluorophores on a per molecule basis. In contrast to previously available DsRed variants, DsRed.T3_S4T is sufficiently bright to monitor Salmonella gene expression in infected animals using flow cytometry. However, no fluorescence enhancement was observed in Leishmania or HeLa cells, indicating that these novel variants are specifically useful for bacteria.
Increasing the biogas yield of manure by wet explosion of the digested fiber fraction (2010)

Increasing the biodegradability of the lignocellulosic fiber fraction of manure can ensure higher methane productivity in biogas plants operating with manure as main feed, leading to process profitability and thus larger production of renewable energy. A new pretreatment method, wet explosion (WEx), was investigated to treat digested manure fibers from the effluent of an anaerobic digester for enhancing biogas production and exploiting the untapped biomass potential. The increase in methane yield of the digested manure fibers was investigated by applying the WEx treatment under 5 different process conditions. The pretreatment condition of 180 oC and a retention time of 10 minutes without addition of chemicals was found to be optimal, resulting in 136% increase in methane yield as compared to the untreated digested manure fibers. Rajib Biswas1, Hinrich Uellendahl1, B. K. Ahring1,2 1Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Copenhagen Institute of Technology, Aalborg University, Lautrupvang 15, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark, Tel.: +45 994
Active millimeter-wave pyrometer (1995)

A 135 GHz heterodyne receiver with a rotatable graphite waveguide/mirror system has been implemented on a waste remediation direct-current arc furnace for internal surface temperature measurements. The linear temperature measurement range extends from &lt;1° to approximately 15,000 °C relative to ambient with a simultaneous capability to monitor surface reflectivity with the local oscillator leakage. Reliable and robust operation on a continuous 24 h basis in a smoky, dirty furnace environment is demonstrated for a total of five furnace runs reaching a maximum temperature of 2200 °C. Complete temperature profile measurements with approximately 5 cm spatial resolution clearly documented thermal gradients on the slag melt surface and refractory walls and ceiling for all operating regimes of the furnace. The unique active probing capability of this instrument provided additional real-time information on melt surface turbulence, changing furnace wall emissivity, and millimeter-wave optic losses inside the furnace.
Automated assessment of cognitive health using smart home technologies (2013)

The results suggest that it is possible to automatically quantify the task quality of smart home activities and perform limited assessment of the cognitive health of individual if smart home activities are properly chosen and learning algorithms are appropriately trained.