gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanopatterning from the Gas Phase: High Resolution Soft Lithographic Patterning of Organosilane Thin Films (2009)

A general methodology for nanopatterning organosilane thin films directly from vapor phase precursors is presented. Aminosilane line patterns with a width of approximately 200 nm in an area of 1 cm(2) were fabricated on silicon substrates by diffusion of aminosilane vapor through the open channels of PDMS stamps bonded to a substrate. The patterned thin films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Patterns were initially formed at the three-phase boundary lines between substrate, PDMS mold, and vapor by exploiting the fact that vapors condense preferentially in geometrically restricted areas with a concave shape compared to flat surfaces. The lateral resolution of the formed patterns is about 1 order of magnitude smaller than the feature sizes of the PDMS stamp. Prolonged exposure to the precursor vapor resulted in micrometer-sized patterns with similar features and dimensions as the stamp. This methodology provides an easy and low cost parallel fabrication route of functional organosilane nanoscale patterns of arbitrary shape and composition from micrometer-size patterned stamps.
Isolation and Functional Characterization of cDNA of Serum Amyloid A-Activating Factor That Binds to the Serum Amyloid A Promoter (1998)

Serum amyloid A (SAA), a plasma protein inducible in response to many inflammatory conditions, is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases including reactive amyloidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. We have previously reported an element of the SAA promoter, designated SAA-activating sequence (SAS), that is involved in the inflammation-induced SAA expression, and a nuclear factor, SAS-binding factor (SAF), that interacts with the SAS element has been identified previously (A. Ray and B. K. Ray, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1584-1594, 1996). To evaluate how SAF is involved in SAA promoter activation, we have investigated structural features and functional characteristics of this transcription factor. Our studies indicate that SAF belongs to a family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of multiple zinc finger motifs of the Cys2-His2 type at the carboxyl end. Of the three cloned SAF cDNAs (SAF-1, SAF-5, and SAF-8), SAF-1 isoform showed a high degree of homology to MAZ/ZF87/Pur-1 protein while SAF-5 and SAF-8 isoforms are unique and are related to SAF-1/MAZ/ZF87/Pur-1 at the zinc finger domains but different elsewhere. Although structurally distinct, all members are capable of activating SAS element-mediated expression and display virtually identical sequence specificities. However, varying levels of expression of members of this gene family were observed in different tissues. Functional activity of SAF is regulated by a posttranslational event as SAF DNA-binding and transactivation abilities are increased by a protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, and inhibited by a protein kinase inhibitor, H7. Consistent with this observation, increased DNA binding of the cloned SAF and its hyperphosphorylation, in response to okadaic acid treatment of the transfected cells, were observed. Taken together, our results suggest that, in addition to tissue-specific expression, SAFs, a family of zinc finger transcription factors, undergo a modification by a posttranslational event that confers their SAA promoter-binding activity and transactivation potential.
Rapid turnaround scanning probe nanolithography (2011)

Scanning probe nanolithography (SPL) has demonstrated its potential in a variety of applications like 3D nanopatterning, 'direct development' lithography, dip-pen deposition or patterning of self-assembled monolayers. One of the main issues holding back SPL has been the limited throughput for patterning and imaging. Here we present a complete lithography and metrology system based on thermomechanical writing into organic resists. Metrology is carried out using a thermoelectric topography sensing method. More specifically, we demonstrate a system with a patterning pixel clock of 500 kHz, 20 mm s(-1) linear scan speed, a positioning accuracy of 10 nm, a read-back frequency bandwidth of 100, 000 line-pairs s(-1) and a turnaround time from patterning to qualifying metrology of 1 min. Thus, we demonstrate a nanolithography system capable of implementing rapid turnaround.
North America (2013)

African American historian David D. Daniels III and I arrive late at the Church of God in Christ in March 1999, as snowstorms in Missouri had delayed our flight to Chicago from the annual meeting of the Society for Pentecostal Studies. At his gracious invitation I am visiting his home church in downtown Chicago, a congregation of the largest African American Pentecostal denomination in the USA, founded in 1897 by Charles H. Mason, who remained its presiding bishop until 1961. The church is packed with some 200 people all dressed in their Sunday best, men in suits and women in modestly conservative dresses with hats. Somebody makes room for us and we sit in the front row; the preacher is in full swing. His preaching is dialogical, punctuated with exclamations from members of the congregation, ‘Yes, Lord!’, ‘Thank you Jesus!’, ‘Hallelujah!’, ‘Glory!’, ‘Amen!’, and other similar expressions of appreciation. The organist sounds arpeggios at appropriate times during the sermon. The preaching is not just a sermon – it is a spontaneous poem, a vivid illustration and a hymn of praise at the same time. Towards the close of his message the preacher begins to sing an exhortation and the congregation are taken up with the elation. When the congregation sings, it is an intensely soul-like chant in harmonious unity with bodily movements like exuberant dancing, rhythmic clapping and uplifted hands. People are invited to come to the altar at the front to respond to the preacher’s invitation for prayer. After a benediction the service ends and the congregation melts into groups for social interaction and communion.
Adaptación de prótesis oculares (2006)

espanolIntroduccion: La adaptacion de protesis oculares es un procedimiento poco frecuente, aunque es necesaria en muchas situaciones de lesion de la superficie ocular, ptisis bulbi, y casos de evisceracion o de enucleacion del globo ocular. Las ventajas son principalmente esteticas, aunque tambien pueden mejorar la fisiologia de los anexos oculares, concretamente la posicion de los parpados y la funcion lagrimal. Objetivo: dar a conocer los procedimientos basicos a seguir en una adaptacion de protesis oculares mediante la tecnica empirica. Metodos: se exponen tres casos representativos de la adaptacion rutinaria de protesis oculares: Ptisis bulbi, evisceracion y enucleacion. El procedimiento seguido ha sido la adaptacion empirica con cajas de pruebas para la seleccion de la morfologia y coloracion de la irrigacion escleral e iris, fijandonos en el ojo sano. Conclusion: En los tres casos se obtuvieron resultados muy satisfactorios, tanto desde el punto de vista estetico como anatomico y funcional, destacando el impacto psicologico positivo que estas protesis tienen en los pacientes. Se proporcionan algunos consejos para conseguir un efecto estetico satisfactorio y una buena integracion de la protesis en la cavidad anoftalmica, asi como las pautas de mantenimiento y revisiones periodicas que deben seguir estos pacientes. EnglishIntroduction: Fitting of prosthetic shells is not a frequent procedure in contact lens practice, but it helps in cases of serious ocular surface injury, ptisis bulbi, and after ocular removal by different procedures. The advantages are mainly cosmetic, but can also improve the physiology of the ocular adnexa, in particular the position of the lids and the lachrymal function. Purpose: To show the basic procedures involved in prosthetic shells fitting using the empirical technique. Methods: We present three cases that represent the common routine of prosthetic fitting: Ptisis bulbi, evisceration and enucleation of the ocular globe. Shell fitting was carried out using the empirical method using fitting sets for the selection of the morphology and color of sclera and escleral vascularization as well as for iris color selection, by comparison with the healthy eye. Conclusions: For all the three patients, results were very satisfactory either in the anatomical and functional aspects, and the prosthesis demonstrated to be very important for the quality of life of the patients. Some practical advice were given in order to achieve a satisfactory esthetic effect by promoting a good integration in the ocular cavity, as well as the aftercare guidelines that must be followed by these patients.
Dietary fiber type reflects physiological functionality: comparison of grain fiber, inulin, and polydextrose (2011)

Dietary fiber is a nutritional concept based not on physiological functions but on defined chemical and physical properties. Recent definitions of dietary fiber differentiate inherent plant cell wall-associated fiber from isolated or synthetic fiber. For the latter to be defined as fiber, beneficial physiological effects should be demonstrated, such as laxative effects, fermentability, attenuation of blood cholesterol levels, or postprandial glucose response. Grain fibers are a major natural source of dietary fiber worldwide, while inulin, a soluble indigestible fructose polymer isolated from chicory, and polydextrose, a synthetic indigestible glucose polymer, have more simple structures. Inulin and polydextrose show many of the same functionalities of grain fiber in the large intestine, in that they are fermentable, bifidogenic, and laxative. The reported effects on postprandial blood glucose and fasting cholesterol levels have been modest, but grain fibers also show variable effects. New biomarkers are needed to link the physiological functions of specific fibers with long-term health benefits.
Asymmetric sizing in a 45nm 5T SRAM to improve read stability over 6T (2009)

This paper describes a 5-transistor (5T) SRAM bitcell that uses a novel asymmetric sizing approach to achieve increased read stability. Measurements of a 32 kb 5 T SRAM in a 45 nm bulk CMOS technology validate the design, showing read functionality below 0.5 V. The 5 T bitcell has lower write margin than the 6 T, but measurements of the 45 nm 5 T array confirm that a write assist method restores comparable writability with a 6 T down to 0.7 V.
Effect of Olefins on Formation of Sulfur Compounds in FCC Gasoline (2008)

在 FCC 汽油的硫混合物的形成上的石蜡的效果在在从 400 ～ 500 的温度联合起来的一张小规模的固定的使流体化的床(FFB ) 上被学习，重量时时 10 h-1 的空间速度(WHSV ) ，和 6 的催化剂 / 油比率。结果证明在 FCC 汽油包含的 C4-C6 石蜡能与 H2S 反应主要形成 thiophenes， alkyl-thiophenes 以及 thiols 的部分数量，当象 heptene 那样的大分子的石蜡能与形成 benzothiophenes 的氢硫化物反应时。在不同催化剂上在不同温度形成的硫混合物的数量与在化工物品的石蜡的集体部分成比例，与在 REUSY 催化剂超过上形成的硫混合物的数量，那些在石蜡变换的度上由于催化剂性能的效果和催化剂的影响在形状上形成了选择沸石催化剂。因为为硫的形成的热力学、运动的常数上的温度的影响，在 450 点的最大值和在 400 点的最小象在石蜡变换 degree.Based 上一样加重在上的产生的硫混合物和他们到达的增加的数量上述学习，为与 H2S 在 FCC 汽油在石蜡的反应之上产生的硫混合物的预言的一个反应网络和一个模型被建立。
Supramolecular Multiporphyrin Architecture. Coordination Polymers and Open Networks in Crystals of Tetrakis(4-cyanophenyl)- and Tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl)metalloporphyrin (1998)

Crystalline solids based on the tetrakis(4-cyanophenyl) and tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl) derivatives of zinc(II)−porphyrin or copper(II)−porphyrin as building blocks have been prepared and structurally analyzed by X-ray diffraction in order to elucidate the characteristic modes of self-assembly of these functionalized moieties and evaluate the utility of such materials in a controlled design of crystalline microporous solids. In suitable crystallization environments, the cyanophenyl derivative was found to form two-dimensional coordination polymers through direct ligation of two of the −C⋮N functions on each molecule to the metal centers of two neighboring porphyrins (1−3). Uniquely structured layered interporphyrin chains and networks with large cavities were observed in most of the other materials (4−9). The layered organization in the latter is dominated to a large extent by molecular shape and aromaticity of the porphyrin frameworks, while its open nature is sustained by hydrogen-bonding assisted dipolar interactions between the cyanophenyl or nitrophenyl fragments of adjacent metallomacrocyclic units. This gives rise to partly selective cocrystallization of the porphyrin material with suitably sized guest components. The discussion relates also to successful applications of other synthons for engineering polymeric and networked structures of porphyrin-based molecular solids.
A simple synthesis of thieno[2,3‐<i>b</i>]pyrazine and thieno[2,3‐<i>b</i>] pyridine (1976)

Abstract A facile synthesis of thieno[2,3‐ b ]pyrazine (1) and thieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridine (9) is reported. Furthermore, convenient preparations of a variety of synthetically useful compounds derived from these ring systems is also presented.
Pulse pressure variation estimation based on rank-order filters (2004)

We describe a methodology to estimate the pulse pressure variation /spl Delta/P/sub p/ index from the arterial blood pressure (ABP) signal alone. This eliminates the need for simultaneously acquiring and monitoring airway pressure. The technique uses nonlinear rank-order filters to demodulate the respiratory component modulating the ABP signal. Furthermore, we present a simple mathematical model that can be used to generate synthetic arterial pressure signals with similar time, frequency, and variability characteristics to real ABP signals. Preliminary results on synthetic ABP suggest that rank-based estimation of /spl Delta/P/sub p/ may be as accurate as the current methods, which require simultaneous ABP and airway pressure acquisition and monitoring.
Synthese des all‐<scp>L</scp>‐konfigurierten Cyclohexadepsipeptids <i>cyclo</i>‐[<scp>L</scp>‐Val‐<scp>L</scp>‐Lac]<sub>3</sub> nach der Peoc/Säurechlorid‐Methode (1984)

Die Cyclisierung von linearen Depsipeptiden ist erfahrungsgemäß besonders schwierig, wenn nur gleichkonfigurierte Bausteine vorliegen oder wenn die Aminosäurereste nicht N ‐methyliert sind. Mit den Säurechloriden von Peocgeschützten Depsipeptiden gelingt der Ringschluß zu 1 , obwohl beide erschwerenden Faktoren zusammentreffen. magnified image
Survival with Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) (1971)

A life-table analysis of survivorship with scleroderma was done, using 223 patients diagnosed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and 86 patients in Memphis, Tennessee. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the two series were similar, thus allowing for both comparison of the two groups and analysis of the total 309 patients. A follow-up during 1970 was successful in 94% of all patients. No difference in survival was found between the two patient groups, the combined 7-year cumulative survivorship being 35%. Significantly decreased survival was found in older patients of both series after allowance was made for the natural increase of mortality with age. Males had significantly worse survival than females. Negroes had significantly worse survival than whites during the first year of follow-up of all patients. When no internal organ involvement was detected at entry to study, the negro prognosis was significantly worse throughout a 7-year follow-up period. Renal, cardiac, and pulmonary involvement were each independently correlated with decreased survival.
Structural Basis for the Catalytic Mechanism of Aspartate Ammonia Lyase (2011)

Aspartate ammonia lyases (or aspartases) catalyze the reversible deamination of L-aspartate into fumarate and ammonia. The lack of crystal structures of complexes with substrate, product, or substrate analogues so far precluded determination of their precise mechanism of catalysis. Here, we report crystal structures of AspB, the aspartase from Bacillus sp. YM55-1, in an unliganded state and in complex with L-aspartate at 2.4 and 2.6 Å resolution, respectively. AspB forces the bound substrate to adopt a high-energy, enediolate-like conformation that is stabilized, in part, by an extensive network of hydrogen bonds between residues Thr101, Ser140, Thr141, and Ser319 and the substrate's β-carboxylate group. Furthermore, substrate binding induces a large conformational change in the SS loop (residues G(317)SSIMPGKVN(326)) from an open conformation to one that closes over the active site. In the closed conformation, the strictly conserved SS loop residue Ser318 is at a suitable position to act as a catalytic base, abstracting the Cβ proton of the substrate in the first step of the reaction mechanism. The catalytic importance of Ser318 was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. Site-directed mutagenesis of SS loop residues, combined with structural and kinetic analysis of a stable proteolytic AspB fragment, further suggests an important role for the small C-terminal domain of AspB in controlling the conformation of the SS loop and, hence, in regulating catalytic activity. Our results provide evidence supporting the notion that members of the aspartase/fumarase superfamily use a common catalytic mechanism involving general base-catalyzed formation of a stabilized enediolate intermediate.
Elastic bandages and intermittent pneumatic compression for treatment of acute ankle sprains. (1990)

The efficacy of elastic bandage alone and with intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) treatments in the rehabilitation of 44 acute ankle sprains was studied. Lower-leg dysfunction was assessed by measurements of edema, degree of ankle motion, pain, and limb dysfunction when the patient was first included in the study, after treatment for one week, and after a four-week follow-up. For all the parameters studied, elastic bandage with IPC treatment resulted in highly significantly (p less than 0.001) faster rehabilitation during the four-week follow-up than did elastic bandage treatment alone. The limb dysfunction improved significantly (p less than 0.01) during the follow-up on the study group receiving IPC with elastic bandage compared to elastic bandage alone. The results suggest that IPC treatment is effective in acute posttraumatic therapy.
TraNNsformer: Neural Network Transformation for memristive crossbar based neuromorphic system design (2017)

Implementation of Neuromorphic Systems using post Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology based Memristive Crossbar Array (MCA) has emerged as a promising solution to enable low-power acceleration of neural networks. However, the recent trend to design Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for achieving human-like cognitive abilities poses significant challenges towards the scalable design of neuromorphic systems (due to the increase in computation/storage demands). Network pruning [7] is a powerful technique to remove redundant connections for designing optimally connected (maximally sparse) DNNs. However, such pruning techniques induce irregular connections that are incoherent to the crossbar structure. Eventually they produce DNNs with highly inefficient hardware realizations (in terms of area and energy). In this work, we propose TraNNsformer - an integrated training framework that transforms DNNs to enable their efficient realization on MCA-based systems. TraNNsformer first prunes the connectivity matrix while forming clusters with the remaining connections. Subsequently, it retrains the network to fine tune the connections and reinforce the clusters. This is done iteratively to transform the original connectivity into an optimally pruned and maximally clustered mapping. We evaluated the proposed framework by transforming different Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) based Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) on a wide range of datasets (MNIST, SVHN and CIFAR10) and executing them on MCA-based systems to analyze the area and energy benefits. Without accuracy loss, TraNNsformer reduces the area (energy) consumption by 28% - 55% (49% - 67%) with respect to the original network. Compared to network pruning, TraNNsformer achieves 28% - 49% (15% - 29%) area (energy) savings. Furthermore, TraNNsformer is a technology-aware framework that allows mapping a given DNN to any MCA size permissible by the memristive technology for reliable operations.
Occupation Measurements Supporting Dynamic Spectrum Allocation for Cognitive Radio Design (2007)

Efficient use of radio spectrum is a necessity for future wireless systems. This can, for example, be accomplished by cognitive radios. An important point for designing future systems is to gain knowledge about the occupation of the frequency bands which may be used by the cognitive radio. This includes the general characterization of the traffic density at the frequency bands as well as a detailed analysis of the temporal frequency occupation. Thus, this paper describes measurements taken in the GSM network at three different scenarios. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the measurement results is presented including statistical as well as spectral occupation analysis.
Multi-factor biometrics for authentication (2010)

Multi-factor biometric authentications have been proposed recently to strengthen security and/or privacy of biometric systems in addition to enhancing authentication accuracy. An important approach to multi-factor biometric authentication is to apply User-Based Transformations (UBTs) on biometric features. Typically, UBTs rely on generating user-based transformation keys from a password/PIN or retrieved from a token. One significant advantage of employing UBTs is its ability to achieve zero or near zero Equal Error Rate (EER) i.e. a clear separation of genuine and imposter distributions. However, the effect of compromised transformation keys on authentication accuracy has not been tested rigorously. In this paper, we challenge the myth that has been reported in the literature that in the case of stolen transformation key(s), accuracy drops but remains close to the accuracy of biometric only system. Moreover, we shall show that a multi-factor authentication system setup to operate at a zero EER has a serious security lapse in the event of stolen or compromised keys. In such a scenario, the False Acceptance Rate (FAR) of the system reaches unacceptable levels. We shall demonstrate this by experiments conducted on face and fingerprint biometrics, and show that an imposter with a stolen key needs no more than two attempts on average to be falsely accepted by the biometric system.
Multi-agent coordination for DER in MicroGrid (2008)

Multi-agent system (MAS) is one of the most exciting and the fastest growing domains in agent oriented technology which deals with modeling of autonomous decision making entities. This paper presents an application of MAS for distributed energy resource (DER) management in a MicroGrid. MicroGrid can be defined as low voltage distributed power networks comprising various distributed generators (DG), storage and controllable loads, which can be operated as interconnected or as islands from the main power grid. By representing each element in MicroGrid as an autonomous intelligent agent, multi agent modeling of a MicroGrid is designed and implemented. JADE framework is proposed for the modeling and reliability of the MicroGrid is confirmed with PowerWorld Simulator. Further, the FIPA contract net coordination between the agents is demonstrated through software simulation. As a result, this paper provides a MicroGrid modeling which has the necessary communication and coordination structure to create a scalable system. The optimized MicroGrid management and operations can be developed on it in future.
Interaural magnification (1986)

In principle, magnification of interaural differences, as could be achieved by the use of an enlarged head, will improve auditory spatial perception. This note presents some preliminary thoughts and observations on a signal-processing scheme for interaural magnification.