gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low cost GaAs PHEMT MMICs for millimeter wave sensor applications (1998)

A chip set for millimeter-wave sensor applications, especially automotive radar systems, is described. It consists of a highly integrated transceiver chip, a voltage controlled oscillator, a harmonic mixer and a medium power amplifier. The MMICs operate in the 76-77 GHz frequency range and have been fabricated by a production oriented GaAs PHEMT technology.
Prion Protein Repeat Expansion Results in Increased Aggregation and Reveals Phenotypic Variability (2007)

Mammalian prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders dependent on the prion protein PrP. Expansion of the oligopeptide repeats (ORE) found in PrP is associated with inherited prion diseases. Patients with ORE frequently harbor PrP aggregates, but other factors may contribute to pathology, as they often present with unexplained phenotypic variability. We created chimeric yeast-mammalian prion proteins to examine the influence of the PrP ORE on prion properties in yeast. Remarkably, all chimeric proteins maintained prion characteristics. The largest repeat expansion chimera displayed a higher propensity to maintain a self-propagating aggregated state. Strikingly, the repeat expansion conferred increased conformational flexibility, as observed by enhanced phenotypic variation. Furthermore, the repeat expansion chimera displayed an increased rate of prion conversion, but only in the presence of another aggregate, the [RNQ+] prion. We suggest that the PrP ORE increases the conformational flexibility of the prion protein, thereby enhancing the formation of multiple distinct aggregate structures and allowing more frequent prion conversion. Both of these characteristics may contribute to the phenotypic variability associated with PrP repeat expansion diseases.
The ‘Streptococcus milleri’ group (1997)

The taxonomy of the ‘Streptococcus milleri’ strains has been debated for many years, until they were finally allocated into three distinct species: Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius. In this review, the taxonomic history and the identification of the three species are discussed. The clinical picture, pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibilities of these organisms are compiled from data reported on the three distinct species and on ‘S. milleri’ as a whole.
The sandwich theorem (1993)

This report contains expository notes about a function $\vartheta(G)$ that is popularly known as the Lovász number of a graph~$G$. There are many ways to define $\vartheta(G)$, and the surprising variety of different characterizations indicates in itself that $\vartheta(G)$ should be interesting. But the most interesting property of $\vartheta(G)$ is probably the fact that it can be computed efficiently, although it lies ``sandwiched'' between other classic graph numbers whose computation is NP-hard. I~have tried to make these notes self-contained so that they might serve as an elementary introduction to the growing literature on Lovász's fascinating function.
Standardized bacteriologic techniques for the characterization of Mycoplasma species (1970)

Bacteriological methods applicable to the characterization and differentiation of Mycoplasma species were investigated. After appropriate modification and standardization, these methods were tested on 53 Mycoplasma strains comprising more than 22 species. The tests found most suitable for purposes of characterization and differentiation were: breakdown of glucose by oxidation or fermentation, hydrolysis of arginine or urea, reduction of tetrazolium, tellurite, and methylene blue, phosphatase activity, production of film and spots, hydrolysis of gelatin, digestion of casein and coagulated serum, sensitivity to optochin, and hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes.
Imaging properties of surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy on thin gold films (2017)

In a wide-field surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SE-CARS) microscope, the sample is driven by surface plasmon polaritons supported on a thin gold film. Subsequent radiation at the anti-Stokes frequency is coupled through the gold layer onto a far-field camera, enabling the recording of surface-enhanced CARS images of structures in close proximity to the gold surface. The effective enhancement of the CARS signal can be as high as seven orders of magnitude, allowing CARS imaging at extraordinarily low light levels. In this work, we analyze the imaging properties of the SE-CARS microscope in detail, which are markedly different from the imaging properties of a point-scanning CARS microscope. Using a dipole model to describe the sample, we show that the strength of the signal and the appearance of coherent artifacts depend strongly on the geometry of the sample. We explain the observed radiation profile in the back focal plane and discuss representative imaging examples.
Immunological regulation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. III. Nature and significance of specific suppression of cell-mediated immunity in mice highly susceptible to Leishmania tropica. (1980)

BALB/c mice have been an exceptional susceptibility to Leishmania tropica infection such that cutaneous lesions grow without restraint in all cases leading to fatal metastasis and visceralization in normal and x-irradiated, bone-marrow reconstituted (XBM) animals. Adult thymectomized, x-irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted (ATxXBM) BALB/c mice, however, show pronounced retardation of lesion growth leading to some survival and even cures. A similar trend was also found in moderately susceptible (BALB/c X C57BL/6)F1 mice, in contrast with the "resistant" CBA strain, in which, as previously known, ATxXBM animals showed impairment of normal, spontaneous self-healing. These convere effects are paralleled by respective leishmania-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivities, prior thymectomy leading to diminution in CBA and augmentation in BALB/c and (BALB/c X C57BL/6)F1. Anti-leishmanial DTH responses, amplfiable by cyclophosphamide pretreatment, can be detected in BALB/c mice within 10 d of infection with 2 X 10(7) promastigotes, but becomes near-totally suppressed by day 25-35. No such suppressin is found in CBA, C57BL/6, or (BALB/c X C57BL/6)F1 mice together with varying degrees of immune control of lesion development or regression. Suppression of DTH in BALB/c mice is leishmania specific and does not extent to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) or sheep erythrocytes specificities. Spleen cells from suppressed L. tropica-infected mice when transferred to normal BALB/c mice impaired the induction of DTH to leishmanial antigen. This property resided in the T cell-enriched fraction and not in the T cell-depleted fraction. It is concluded that a major component of the striking inability of BALB/c mice to control L. tropica infection involves profound impairment of a potentially curative cell-mediated immune response by suppressor T cell generation. The possibility is discussed that this may be secondary to rapid amastigote (antigen) accumulation in macrophages expressing the primary genetic "defect."
The X-Ray-Induced Damage to the p-Aminobenzoic Acid Moiety of Folic Acid and Some Other p-Aminobenzoic Acid Conjugates Irradiated in Solution (1966)

Karl Ford Nakken, Alexander Pihl, The X-Ray-Induced Damage to the p-Aminobenzoic Acid Moiety of Folic Acid and Some Other p-Aminobenzoic Acid Conjugates Irradiated in Solution, Radiation Research, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Jan., 1966), pp. 19-31
Substrate-Initiated Synthesis of Cell-Penetrating Poly(disulfide)s (2013)

Lessons from surface-initiated polymerization are applied to grow cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s directly on substrates of free choice. Reductive depolymerization after cellular uptake should then release the native substrates and minimize toxicity. In the presence of thiolated substrates, propagators containing a strained disulfide from asparagusic or, preferably, lipoic acid and a guanidinium cation polymerize into poly(disulfide)s in less than 5 min at room temperature at pH 7. Substrate-initiated polymerization of cationic poly(disulfide)s and their depolymerization with dithiothreitol causes the appearance and disappearance of transport activity in fluorogenic vesicles. The same process is further characterized by gel-permeation chromatography and fluorescence resonance energy transfer.
Structure-activity study of 6-substituted 2-pyranones as inactivators of .alpha.-chymotrypsin (1986)

A series of 2-pyranones, bearing halogens or electron-withdrawing groups at the 6-position and alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups at positions 3, 4, and 5, were synthesized to investigate their binding to and inactivation of chymotrypsin. Both binding and inactivation by 2-pyranones are sensitive to substitutions on positions 3, 4, 5, and 6. Binding was poorest with alkyl substituents on position 3 and best with phenyl substitution, with benzyl or benzyl-like substitution falling in between. The sequence of binding of 6-substituted pyrones is Cl greater than Br greater than H greater than CF3. 6-Chloro-2-pyranones bearing 4-phenyl or 3-(2-naphthylmethyl) substituents effected rapid inactivation of chymotrypsin, while those having 3-benzyl or 3-(1-naphthylmethyl) substituents gave slow inactivation and those with 3-phenyl or 3-alkyl substituents gave no inactivation. Only the 6-halopyrones demonstrated inactivation, with chloro-substituted ones acting faster than bromo-substituted ones.
Large-area N-P-N power transistors (1957)

Experimental large area n-p-n power transistors having greatly improved performance at high currents will be discussed. In an alloyed construction collector-to-base current ratios as high as 1000 at 1 ampere have been obtained.
Protective Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Auditory Hair Cells after Noise Exposure (2002)

The purpose of this study was to observe the protective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the cells of the inner ear using in vivo experiments. The studies were carried out using guinea pigs in which bFGF or artificial perilymph was perfused into the cochlea. The compound action potential (CAP) was measured before and after exposure to a sound simulating an explosion. The difference in CAP was significant between the bFGF-perfused group and the control group (p < 0.01, t = 3.896) and between the bFGF-perfused group and the artificial perilymph-perfused group (p < 0.05, t = 2.520). The cochleae were removed and hair cell loss estimated from surface preparations. Acoustic trauma caused loss of outer hair cells in the first and second turns of the cochlea in the bFGF-perfused group and the artificial perilymph-perfused group and partial loss of inner hair cells in the control group. Treatment with bFGF reduced the loss of inner hair cells compared to that of control animals. Our results demonstrate that treatment with bFGF protects the hair cells from acoustic trauma and may facilitate the recovery of hearing.
The effect of anterior cruciate ligament graft fixation site at the tibia on knee stability: Evaluation using a robotic testing system (1997)

Despite its current popularity and relative success, endoscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using a bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) graft has not yet been perfected. Using a recently developed robotic/UFS testing system, we assessed the overall stability of porcine knees following ACL reconstruction with different sites of tibial graft fixation--proximal, central, and distal. Testing of the intact knee was performed first to determine the normal anterior-posterior (A-P) displacements and in situ forces of the ACL under 110 N of anterior tibial loading of 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees of knee flexion. The knee was then reconstructed with a BPTB autograft, and the distal end of the graft was fixed sequentially at three different locations in each specimen--proximal, central, distal. A-P testing was repeated for each fixation site, and the resulting knee kinematics and the in situ forces of the grafts were compared to the intact case. The site of tibial fixation was demonstrated to have a significant effect on the resulting anterior displacement and internal rotation of the tibia as well as the in situ forces of the graft. Proximal fixation produced the most stable knee (A-P displacements reduced to 120% of intact at 30 degrees and 170% at 90 degrees), becoming significantly less stable with more distal fixation. These results suggest that proximal graft fixation may provide the most acute stability of the reconstructed knee.
Quantitative Analysis of Gly m Bd 28K in Soybean Products by a Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. (1998)

A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the soybean allergen, which consists of a monoclonal antibody (D4) as the fixing (first) antibody and another peroxidase-conjugated monoclonal antibody (C5) as the second, has been developed. Both D4 and C5 monoclonal antibodies strongly bound to the guanidine/HCl-denatured allergen, Gly m Bd 28K. Therefore the samples used in the present experiment were extracted with sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) containing 6 M guanidine and 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, then completely dialyzed against phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The dialyzed samples were subjected to the assay. Various soybean products were observed to contain the allergen at high concentrations, such as soybean protein isolate (SPI), tofu, kori-dofu, and yuba, but its content in soy milk and abura-age were found to be low. In fermented products such as natto, soy sauce, and miso, and even in the processed foods with soybean protein isolate (SPI), the allergen was not detected. These results were also confirmed by an immunoblotting technique with D4.
Enteric‐formulated lactoferrin was more effectively transported into blood circulation from gastrointestinal tract in adult rats (2006)

We have previously demonstrated that intestinally infused bovine lactoferrin (bLF) is transported into the blood circulation via the lymphatic pathway, not via the portal circulation. Therefore, in the present study, we further investigated whether intragastrically infused enteric-formulated bLF (EF-bLF) was more efficiently absorbed than bLF from the intestine in adult rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: 30 and 300 mg kg(-1) non-enteric-formulated bLF (non-EF-bLF) groups and a 30 mg kg(-1) EF-bLF group. Thoracic lymph was collected from a thoracic lymph duct under general anaesthesia. Bovine lactoferrin was infused into the stomach or duodenal lumen via a needle for a period of over 1 min in a volume of 1 ml kg(-1). The bLF transported into the lymph was assayed quantitatively by double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following the intragastric administration of bLF, the three groups showed almost the same lymph flow, but the bLF concentration in the lymph fluid in the EF-bLF group increased significantly and peaked 3 h after administration. With intraduodenal administration, the bLF concentration in the lymph fluid of the higher non-EF-bLF group was significantly higher than those of the other groups. The amount of absorbed bLF in the EF-bLF group was, however, about 10 times higher than that in the lower non-EF-bLF group, when it was administered intragastrically. These data show that enteric-formulated bLF is less susceptible to gastric pepsin and is more efficiently absorbed from the intestine than is non-enteric-formulated bLF.
Wideband dual-circularly-polarized dielectric rod antenna for applications in V-band frequencies (2013)

In this paper, two improved 60-GHz dielectric rod’s excitation technique are designed. Two adjacent decoupled patch antennas are used as excitation to the dielectric rod. Each antenna performs either Tx or Rx operation, in such a way simultaneous duplex operation can be done at the same frequency. Dual-sense circular polarization is here employed to realize that duplex wireless communication. Tx-to-Rx isolation achieves better than 30 dB for the whole 60-GHz ISM frequency band. The axial ratio\nis maintained below 3 dB, and the antenna gain is more than 9 dBi. Two positional antenna configurations are proposed for end-to-end antenna testing, i.e. one configuration is for one end\nwhile another one is for the opposite end. This is useful to keep the position of the electronics (behind the antenna) uniform.
Feature Extraction and Pattern Recognition in Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Robot Assisted Polishing (2015)

Polishing processes are to date gradually evolving from basically manual operations to automated processes. To achieve more accurate, steadfast and dependable automated polishing processes, sensor monitoring offers as a creditable tool for process and product quality control. In this study, an acoustic emission sensor monitoring system was employed for surface roughness assessment during robot assisted polishing of steel bars. After sensor signal pre-processing, feature extraction procedures were applied to the conditioned acoustic emission signals. The scope was to extract relevant signal features to input to pattern recognition paradigms in order to identify correlations between process generated acoustic emission and polished workpiece surface roughness.
Elastic Matching of Line Drawings (1981)

Recently a dynamic elastic model [1] was proposed for automatic image matching. Examples were shown applying the model to dot patterns and gray scale pictures. This paper extends the model to line drawings. Examples are shown on handprint and animation, suggesting the use of dynamic matching for shape recognition and for motion correspondence.
Field-induced evolution of magnetic ordering in the quantum spin system (CuBr)Sr<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Nb<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>O<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>with a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>⅓</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>magnetization plateau (2013)

The field-induced evolution of the magnetic ordering in (CuBr)Sr${}_{2}$Nb${}_{3}$O${}_{10}$ with a $⅓$ magnetization plateau has been investigated by neutron diffraction under magnetic fields up to 10 T. With an increasing magnetic field, the zero-field helical antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase, AF1, with \ensuremath{\kappa} $=$ [0 $⅜$ $\textonehalf{}$] is replaced by a simple ferromagnetic phase with \ensuremath{\kappa} $=$ [0 0 0], the formation of which is, however, retarded by the appearance of a second AFM, AF2, with \ensuremath{\kappa} $=$ [0 $⅓\ensuremath{\sim}0.46$]. Upon further increasing of the magnetic field, the AF2 phase disappears and only the ferromagnetic phase persists. The results clearly show that the magnetization plateau, induced by the competition between field-induced ferromagnetic, F, and AF2 phases, is coincidentally situated at $M$ $=$ $⅓$ ${M}_{S}$ of the dc magnetization curve. The AF1 and AF2 phases have strongly differing magnetic propagation vectors and are therefore not directly related.
Sleep deprivation inhibits adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus by elevating glucocorticoids (2006)

Prolonged sleep deprivation is stressful and has been associated with adverse consequences for health and cognitive performance. Here, we show that sleep deprivation inhibits adult neurogenesis at a time when circulating levels of corticosterone are elevated. Moreover, clamping levels of this hormone prevents the sleep deprivation-induced reduction of cell proliferation. The recovery of normal levels of adult neurogenesis after chronic sleep deprivation occurs over a 2-wk period and involves a temporary increase in new neuron formation. This compensatory increase is dissociated from glucocorticoid levels as well as from the restoration of normal sleep patterns. Collectively, these findings suggest that, although sleep deprivation inhibits adult neurogenesis by acting as a stressor, its compensatory aftereffects involve glucocorticoid-independent factors.
A Model-based Artifact Reduction Method for the Non-invasive Estimation of Blood Oxygen Saturation (2006)

We present a novel motion-artifact (MA) insensitive method for the estimation of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), based on a heuristic physical model of the photoplethysmographic(PPG) signal with a multiplicative component representing motion artifact. This new method calculates the ratio of ratios R using the first derivative values of zero-crossing points of PPG signals, which possesses the inherent insensitivity to motion artifact. Four types of motions, as the source of motion artifact, were investigated to test the performance of the new approach. A quantitative comparison between the conventional method and the newly proposed method was undertaken based on the practical experiments. It was found that the new approach had a significant reduction in the estimation error of SpO2, compared with the conventional method
Catalyst Recycling via Hydrogen-Bonding-Based Affinity Tags (2006)

[Structure: see text] A novel procedure for catalyst recycling is described. Copper(I)-based catalysts, equipped with an affinity tag, are isolated from crude reaction mixtures on the basis of quadruple hydrogen-bonding interactions using a resin functionalized with complementary affinity tags. Recycled catalysts were successfully used to catalyze a tandem Sonogashira coupling/5-endo-dig cyclization and a Cu-catalyzed [3+2] Huisgen cycloaddition reaction in high yields.
Purification of cytomegalovirus‐specific CD8 T cells from peripheral blood using HLA–peptide tetramers (2001)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and disease remains an important clinical problem for patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Impaired cellular immune control of viral replication is responsible for viral reactivation, and transfer of CMV-specific T cells from transplant donors can be effective in providing protection. Recent reports have indicated that the frequency of CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells in the peripheral blood of healthy donors is surprisingly high. Here we demonstrate that by using a combination of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) Class I-peptide tetramers and magnetic selection it is possible to select CMV-specific T cells from CMV antibody-positive individuals to high purity. Reliable purification of CMV-specific T cells up to 99.8% of CD8(+) cells was possible within hours, even when starting with a precursor frequency of < 0.1% of peripheral blood CD8(+) T cells. CMV-specific T cells remained functional after the selection process. This novel form of antigen-specific T-cell selection should facilitate the selection of T cells for cellular immunotherapy to treat or prevent CMV disease after transplantation. In addition, this technique could potentially be applied to many antigens including against other infective agents and tumour-specific antigens.