gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed heterogeneous information systems (2002)

Abstract only given, as follows. Many organization have major investments in information systems, ranging from legacy programs written in COBOL to newer relational database management systems. These distributed heterogeneous information systems (DHISs) do not generally interoperate or share information. However, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) software products are becoming available that can make DHISs appear as though they were a single integrated system. MITRE recently completed an internal project that examined two COTS DHIS integration products in a test environment consisting of six information systems, and two clients running on eight platforms in three cities. Based on this prototyping effort, the authors believe that there are many applications in which DHIS integration technologies would be appropriate. The paper includes an overview of prototypes, a description of the work done, and a summary of the lessons learned.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Retro-1,4-cycloaddition of adducts derived from stereoidal 5,7-dienes and 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (1979)

M. Anastasia and M. Derossi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 164 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000164
Nucleation and Formation Mechanisms of Hydrothermally Derived Barium Titanate (1997)

Barium titanate powders were produced using either an amorphous hydrous Ti gel or anatase precursor in a barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) solution via a hydrothermal technique in order to discern the nucleation and formation mechanisms of BaTiO3 as a function of Ti precursor characteristics. Isothermal reaction of the amorphous Ti hydrous gel and Ba(OH)2 suspension is believed to be limited by a phase boundary chemical interaction. In contrast, the proposed BaTiO3 formation mechanism from the anatase and Ba(OH)2 mixture entails a dissolution and recrystallization process. BaTiO3 crystallite nucleation, studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, was observed at relatively low temperatures (38°C) in the amorphous hydrous Ti gel and Ba(OH)2 mixture. Additional solution conditions required to form phase pure crystallites include a CO2-free environment, temperature >70°C and solution pH ≥13.4. Analysis of reaction kinetics at 75°C was performed using Hancock and Sharp's modification of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami approach to compare observed microstructural evolution by transmission electron microscopy (1).
Proximity Effects In Submicron Optical Lithography (1987)

The proximity effects are becoming a significant consideration to the linewidth control in sub-micron optical lithography, as the lithographic tools are being operated closer to the resolution limit. There are various forms of proximity effects. In this paper, we will attempt to classify the observed proximity effects in optical lithography and analyze their potential impact to device fabrication. The results of SAMPLE simulation and experimental characterization will be presented. Our conclusion from this study is that a method of linewidth compensation must be developed in order to achieve optimum device density and yield, using sub-micron optical lithography.
Comics and Narration (2013)

Abstract This book is the follow-up to The System of Comics, in which the author, a French-language comics theorist, set out to investigate how the medium functions, introducing the principle of iconic solidarity, and showing the systems that underlie the articulation between panels at three levels: page layout, linear sequence, and nonsequential links woven through the comic book as a whole. This analysis is now developed further, using examples from a very wide range of comics, including the work of American artists such as Chris Ware and Robert Crumb. The book tests out the theoretical framework by bringing it up against cases that challenge it, such as abstract comics, digital comics, and shōjo manga, and offers insightful reflections on these innovations. In addition, it includes chapters on three new areas. First, the book explores the role of the narrator, both verbal and visual, and the particular issues that arise out of narration in autobiographical comics. Second, it tackles the question of rhythm in comics, and the skill demonstrated by virtuoso artists in intertwining different rhythms over and above the basic beat provided by the discontinuity of the panels. And third, the book resets the relationship of comics to contemporary art, conditioned by cultural history and aesthetic traditions but evolving recently as comics artists move onto avant-garde terrain.
Kapillarelektrophorese: Methoden und Möglichkeiten (1993)

Abstract Die Kapillarelektrophorese ist ein neues instrumentelles Analyseverfahren, das in den letzten Jahren einen starken Aufschwung erfahren hat, weil sie die Vorteile der elektrophoretischen Trennmethode mit der Möglichkeit zur Automatisierung und zu einfacher, direkter Quantifizierbarkeit verknüpft. Wie mit der herkömmlichen Elektrophorese lassen sich Proben über einen weiten Molekulargewichtsbereich trennen, der von anorganischen Ionen bis hin zu Biopolymeren wie DNA und Proteinen reicht. Durch Zusatz von micellenbildenden Detergentien können auch ungeladene Moleküle getrennt werden. Der zusätzliche Verteilungsmechanismus erhöht die Trenneffizienz dieser micellaren elektrokinetischen Chromatographie. Chirale Zusätze wie Cyclodextrine ermöglichen darüber hinaus die Trennung von Enantiomeren. Der schnelle Aufschwung der Kapillarelektrophorese spiegelt sich vor allem auf dem Gerätemarkt sowie in der wachsenden Zahl der wissenschaftlichen Publikationen wider, was optimistisch für die Zukunft dieser Methode stimmt.
THE VALUE OF INTUBATION OF THE LARYNX, IN CONNECTION WITH OTHER OPERATIONS. (1890)

As we advance in our specialty we therefore increase in the number of operations, and there is no doubt that most of those have proved to be a lasting benefit to the world at large. I wish here to add and bring before the notice of this body several new methods showing the use and value of intubation of the larynx in connection with other operations. My remarks upon these methods will be brief, and by way of illustration will cite a few cases upon which these operations have been performed. The following are some of the operations in which intubation by the above means can be made use of: Post-pharyngeal abscess, laryngeal abscess and cysts, syphilitic adhesion of the larynx by a web, in all operations about the cavity of the mouth where hæmorrhage is present, cleft palate, in all œdemata about the larynx, excessive hæmorrhages from the tonsils,
Capsaicin, A Ligand for Vanilloid Receptor-1, Transduces Suppressive Signal for Osteoclast Differentiation in Bone (2007)

Vanilloid receptor-1 (VR1) has been reported to exhibit multiple functions which can transduce painsensitive signals in nerve systems. A VR1 ligand, capsaicin, has been reported to show activities against inflammation and cancer growth, however, its role in bone metabolism is still unknown. Here, we examined the effect of capsaicin on cytokine-induced inflammatory bone resorption. Capsaicin suppressed interleukin-1-induced bone resorption in a mouse calvarial organ ex vivo culture in a dose-dependent manner. An assay using cocultures of osteoblasts and bone marrow cells clearly showed the inhibition of osteoclast formation by treatment with capsaicin. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), the sole inducer of osteoclast formation, is known to be produced by osteoblasts. In the cocultures of bone marrow cells and osteoblasts, the expression of RANKL was suppressed by capsaicin. VR1 showed expression predominantly in osteoblasts, suggesting that capsaicin directly modulates osteoclast differentiation through the suppression of RANKL expression. VR1 ligands like capsaicin have the potential for use as clinical drugs targeting some bone diseases involving cytokine-induced bone resorption.
An adaptive Kalman equalizer: Structure and performance (1987)

The development of an adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) linear equalizer is described. Using discrete time Wiener filtering theory, a closed form for the optimum mean-square error IIR filter is derived. A performance comparison using both minimum and non-minimum phase channels indicates the complexity/performance advantages inherent in the IIR system compared to an optimum finite impulse response (FIR) solution. The minimum phase spectral factorization, which is an integral part of the derivation of the IIR equalizer, may be circumvented through the use of a Kalman equalizer such as that originally proposed by Lawrence and Kaufman. The structure is made adaptive by using a system identification algorithm operating in parallel with a Kalman equalizer. In common with Luvison and Pirani, a least mean squares (LMS) algorithm was chosen for the system identification because the input to the channel is white and hence the LMS algorithm will produce consistent predictable results with little added complexity. A new technique is introduced which both estimates the variance of channel noise and compensates the Kalman filter for errors in the estimate of the channel impulse response. Computer simulation results show that the convergence performance of this new adaptive IIR filter is roughly equivalent to an FIR equalizer which is trained using a recursive least squares algorithm. However, the order of the new filter is always lower than the FIR filter.
VEGFA Upregulates FLJ10540 and Modulates Migration and Invasion of Lung Cancer via PI3K/AKT Pathway (2009)

This finding set the stage for further testing of FLJ10540 as a new therapeutic target for treating lung cancer and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies that are able to block the PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer cells.
Principles of isotope geology (1977)

The Roots of Isotope Geology. The Internal Structure of Atoms. Decay Mechanisms of Radioactive Atoms. Radioactive Decay and Growth. Mass Spectrometry. The K-Ar Method of Dating. The 40 Ar/39 Ar Method of Dating. The Rb-Sr Method of Dating. Two-Component Mixtures. Isotope Geology of Strontium in Meteorites and Igneous Rocks. Isotope Geology of Strontium in Sedimentary Rocks. The Sm-Nd Method of Dating. Isotope Geology of Neodymium and Strontium in Igneous Rocks. Isotope Geology of Neodymium in Sedimentary Rocks. The Lu-Hf Method of Dating. The RE-Os Method of Dating. The Re-Os Method of Dating. The K-Ca Method of Dating. The U, Th-Pb Methods of Dating. The Isotope Geology of Lead. The Fission-Track and Other Radiation Damage Methods of Dating. The U-Series Disequilibrium Methods of Dating. Cosmogenic Radionuclides. Cosmogenic Carbon-14 and Tritium. Carbon. Sulfur.
Polyisobutylene-Supported Phosphines as Recyclable and Regenerable Catalysts and Reagents (2011)

Phosphines are important as catalysts or reagents in synthesis but must be separated from products after a reaction. This report shows that polyisobutylene (PIB)-bound alkyldiaryl- and triarylphosphines are useful as catalysts in addition and allylic amination reactions or as reagents in aza-Wittig and Mitsunobu reactions. Heptane solutions of such phosphines and their oxidized byproducts can be easily separated from polar solutions of organic products, and PIB-phosphine oxides formed during a reaction can readily be reduced to PIB-phosphines for reuse.
Topology Synthesis of Distributed Actuation Systems for Morphing Wing Structures (2007)

This paper presents a novel topology optimization methodology for a synthesis of distributed actuation systems with specific applications to morphing air vehicle structures. The main emphasis is placed on the topology optimization problem formulation and the development of computational modeling concepts. The analysis model is developed to meet several important criteria: It must allow a large rigid-body displacement, as well as a variation in planform area, with minimum strain on structural members while retaining acceptable numerical stability for finite element analysis. For demonstration purposes, the in-plane morphing wing model is presented. Topology optimization is performed on a semiground structure with design variables that control the system configuration. In other words, the state of each element in the model is controlled by a corresponding design variable that, in turn, is determined through the optimization process. In effect, the optimization process assigns morphing members as soft elements, nonmorphing load-bearing members as stiff elements, and nonexistent members as voids. The optimization process also determines the optimum actuator placement, where each actuator is represented computationally by equal and opposite nodal forces with soft axial stiffness. In addition, the configuration of attachments that connect the morphing structure (i.e., morphing wing) to a nonmorphing structure (i.e., fuselage) is determined simultaneously in the same process. Several different optimization problem formulations are investigated to understand their potential benefits in solution quality, as well as meaningfulness of the formulations. Sample in-plane morphing problems are solved to demonstrate the potential capability of the methodology introduced in this paper.
Fountain codes with message passing and maximum likelihood decoding over erasure channels (2011)

We investigate the performance of fountain codes on erasure channels with message passing and maximum likelihood decoding algorithms. Fountain codes under message passing decoding are efficient but, for short data length, the decoding overhead may not be optimal. We focus on reducing overhead without losing the code's efficiency and universality, and propose a hybrid message passing and fast maximum likelihood decoding algorithm for LT codes. We also design Raptor codes with one stage pre-codes which are remarkable LDPC codes in the IEEE 802.16e standard. Simulation results show that small dimension fountain codes can save impressive decoding overhead with the maximum likelihood algorithm and the hybrid scheme.
Global Estimates of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations from Satellite-Based Aerosol Optical Depth: Development and Application (2010)

Satellite-derived total-column AOD, when combined with a chemical transport model, provides estimates of global long-term average PM2.5 concentrations.
Glycosylation of Amino Acids and Efficient Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids (2022)

Glycoscience is an emerging field of science that focuses on the study of the structure, biosynthesis, biology, and evolution of saccharides (sugars). It covers a broad range of subjects including microwave-assisted synthesis as well as sphingolipid synthesis. In this field, knowledge is limited due to the complexity of carbohydrates and their derivatives. Therefore, it is all the more important that synthesis of these complex molecules occurs in order to fully understand their biological significance. The following report summarizes two aspects of glycoscience and discusses their biological applications.
Isolation and Characterization of Natural Protein-Associated Carbohydrate Ligands for E-Selectin (1994)

A comparative analysis of carbohydrate 'libraries' derived from cell lines binding E-selectin with differing avidity identified endogenous protein-associated carbohydrate ligand candidates for E-selectin. Three unusual structures, which constitute less than 3% of cell surface protein-associated carbohydrate, were unique to the E-selectin-binding cells, including neutrophils and the monocytic cell line U937. All are tetraantennary N-linked structures with a NeuAc alpha 2-->3Gal beta 1-->4(Fuc alpha 1-->3)GlcNAc beta 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4- (Fuc alpha 1-->3)GlcNAc lactosaminoglycan extension (diSLex) on the arm linked through the C4 residue on the mannose. While all contained the expected SLex [NeuAc alpha 2-->3Gal beta 1-->4(Fuc alpha 1-->3)GlcNAc] moiety, these structures have an additional fucosylated lactosamine unit. Direct evidence that these diSLex-containing structures are, indeed, high-affinity ligands for E-selectin came from the use of recombinant soluble E-selectin-agarose affinity chromatography. We found that these three carbohydrate structures bound specifically to the E-selectin column. SLex itself does not bind under identical conditions. In summary, these related structures: (1) all possess an unusual 3-sialyl di-Lewis x extension on one arm of an N-linked tetraantennary glycan; (2) of the cells tested, are present only on E-selectin-binding leukocytes and leukocytic cell lines; (3) bind to E-selectin with a relatively high affinity (Kd < microM) and one greater than that of 3-sialyl Lewis x or 3-sialyl Lewis a; and (4) represent a very small percentage of the protein-associated carbohydrate. These carbohydrate structures appear to be present on only a very small number of cell surface proteins and may alone be responsible for the specificity of E-selectin-dependent adhesion.
G2 Checkpoint Kinase Inhibitors Exert Their Radiosensitizing Effects Prior to the G2/M Transition (2007)

Chemical inhibitors of the G2 checkpoint can sensitize p53-defective cancer cells to DNA damage and several are in preclinical or clinical development. These compounds are commonly thought to increase killing at the G2/M transition by forcing cells to divide with unrepaired DNA. We examined the effects of the ATM/ATR inhibitor caffeine and the Chk1 inhibitor isogranulatimide on the clonogenic survival of two p53-defective cell lines, MCF7-mp53 and HCT-116 p53-/- cells, when added at different times after exposure to ionizing radiation. Exposure 16-24 h after irradiation, when G2 arrest is maximal, forced premature entry into mitosis but increased clonogenic survival. Radiosensitization occurred mostly upon exposure between 2 and 16 h after irradiation, correlating with S-phase traversal. These results suggest that inhibition of the S phase activities of ATM/ATR and Chk1 may be more relevant to radiosensitization of p53-defective cells than G2 checkpoint abrogation and that careful scheduling of combination treatments might be required for synergistic antitumour effects in vivo.
Regulation of growth and differentiation of B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo (1989)

Regulation of growth and differentiation of B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo
X-Ray Lattice Constant of Barium Oxide (1955)

Precision measurements of the x-ray lattice constant of pure BaO were made at temperatures between 8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 435\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K with a back reflection symmetrical focussing camera. Room temperature measurements of colored BaO indicate a contraction of the lattice associated with the presence of excess barium.
Ocular Biocompatibility of Nitinol Intraocular Clips (2011)

The nitinol clip prototype is well tolerated and showed no evidence of toxicity in the short-term. The injectable delivery system was faster and technically less challenging than conventional suture techniques.
Origami-Inspired Printed Robots (2014)

Robot manufacturing is currently highly specialized, time consuming, and expensive, limiting accessibility and customization. Existing rapid prototyping techniques (e.g., 3-D printing) can achieve complex geometries and are becoming increasingly accessible; however, they are limited to one or two materials and cannot seamlessly integrate active components. We propose an alternative approach called printable robots that takes advantage of available planar fabrication methods to create integrated electromechanical laminates that are subsequently folded into functional 3-D machines employing origami-inspired techniques. We designed, fabricated, and tested prototype origami robots to address the canonical robotics challenges of mobility and manipulation, and subsequently combined these designs to generate a new, multifunctional machine. The speed of the design and manufacturing process as well as the ease of composing designs create a new paradigm in robotic development, which has the promise to democratize access to customized robots for industrial, home, and educational use.
Finding a model for managing change (2012)

Human beings thrive on regularity in their daily lives - ask any therapist and you will be told that change is one of the largest stressors humans can experience. In the 1960s Holmes and Rahe undertook some large-scale studies from which they developed a well-known table ranking the amount of stress produced by various life events - from death down to a change in sleeping habits. This change/stress scale still has currency today.
The Dutch experience of digital mammography in screening (2006)

annual age-adjusted breast cancer death rates for women in the United States remained remarkably constant, oscillating around 32 deaths per 100,000 over 60 years. During this long timeframe, the surgical treatment of breast cancer evolved from radical mastectomy with mandatory lymph node dissection to lumpectomy coupled with radiation therapy. With this new paradigm, lymph node dissection was reserved for women with tumor-invaded axillary lymph nodes. Beginning in the 1970s, chemotherapy after surgery (adjuvant) and before surgery (neoadjuvant) was added to surgical treatment. The radical diminution in the scope of breast surgery did not alter the national breast cancer death rate. Doing less surgery was neither harmful nor beneficial to long-term survival from breast cancer. In the 1980s two events changed this static picture: the addition of tamoxifen to adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the introduction of mammography. Beginning in 1990 annual breast cancer death rates in the United States began to fall, and have continued to fall each year since then. In 2001, the last year of published statistics, the breast cancer death rate was 26 deaths per 100,000. Best estimates for where to credit this dramatic drop in death rate place approximately 50% of the credit with improved adjuvant chemotherapy and 50% with mammography. Abnormal mammograms demand a breast biopsy since only one in five abnormal mammograms is actually a breast cancer. Consequently, widespread adoption of mammography has produced an image-guided breast biopsy industry in the United States. Open, surgical breast biopsy has been replaced with image-guided breast biopsy because improved breast biopsy tools have made image-guided breast biopsy equivalent in accuracy to open, surgical breast biopsy. These tools, in turn, have changed the professional lives of surgeons, pathologists, and mammographers, leading to the development of dedicated breast surgeons, breast pathologists, and interventional breast radiologists.
Adaptive-Modulation-Enabled WDM Impairment Reduction in Multichannel Optical OFDM Transmission Systems for Next-Generation PONs (2010)

The transmission performance of multichannel adaptively modulated optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (AMOOFDM) signals is investigated numerically, for the first time, in optical-amplification-free and chromatic-dispersion-compensation-free intensity-modulation and direct-detection systems directly incorporating modulated distributed feedback (DFB) lasers (DMLs). It is shown that AMOOFDM not only significantly reduces the nonlinear wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) impairments induced by the effects of cross-phase modulation and four-wave mixing but also effectively compensates for the DML-induced frequency chirp effect. In comparison with conventional modulated optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), which uses an identical signal modulation format across all the subcarriers, AMOOFDM improves the maximum achievable signal transmission capacity of a central WDM channel by a factor of 1.3 and 3.6 for 40- and 80-km standard single-mode fibers, respectively, with the corresponding dynamic input optical power ranges being extended by approximately 5 dB. In addition, AMOOFDM also causes the occurrence of cross-channel complementary modulation format mapping among various WDM channels, leading to considerably improved transmission capacities for all individual WDM channels.