gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual attention in a multiple‐choice task: Influences of image characteristics with and without presentation of a verbal stimulus (2008)

Abstract Background: Use of multiple‐choice items is common in the assessment of language comprehension. Stimulus‐driven aspects of multiple‐choice images may interfere with valid assessment. Understanding the influences of stimulus‐driven factors is crucial because individuals with neurological disorders have increased susceptibility to them. Aims: The first goal of this study was to explore the influence of objectively measurable image characteristics in multiple‐choice image sets that are otherwise well controlled in terms of physical stimulus features on individuals' visual attention. The second goal was to explore viewers' visual attention under the influence of a verbal stimulus. Methods & Procedures: The effects of controlled manipulation of physical image characteristics on visual attention in 40 healthy adults were assessed. Eye movements were recorded while participants viewed 40 image sets with and without a verbal stimulus. Within each set, two images shared the same image characteristics (colour, orientation, size, and luminance) and one image differed in terms of one of those characteristics. Outcomes & Results: All characteristics had a significant influence on visual attention in verbal and nonverbal conditions. The influence of verbal stimuli on visual attention did not override the tendency for physical stimulus characteristics to distract attention from target images. Conclusions: Research and clinical relevance is highlighted in terms of the potential for assessment confounds to be greater in individuals with neurological impairments. This study was supported in part by a grant (# DC 0015301 A1) from the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders of the National Institutes of Health, an Ohio University Graduate Student Senate Original Work grant, and an Ohio University Graduate Fellowship Award. The authors thank Dr Hans Kruse for stimulus presentation and analysis software design, Dr Helmut Zwahlen for technical assistance in physical stimulus control, and Anshula Odekar, Maria Ivanova, and Tae Asahina for assistance with data collection. Keywords: Visual attentionAphasiaAssessmentEye trackingExperimental control Notes This study was supported in part by a grant (# DC 0015301 A1) from the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders of the National Institutes of Health, an Ohio University Graduate Student Senate Original Work grant, and an Ohio University Graduate Fellowship Award. The authors thank Dr Hans Kruse for stimulus presentation and analysis software design, Dr Helmut Zwahlen for technical assistance in physical stimulus control, and Anshula Odekar, Maria Ivanova, and Tae Asahina for assistance with data collection.
Immunochemistry of Lysosomal Storage Disorders (2006)

We have reviewed the immunochemical techniques available for the analysis of lysosomal storage disorder patient samples and advise that these may be used in conjunction with other technologies for effective patient management.
GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY UTILIZING SELECTIVE ADSORPTION OF METAL IONS ONTO TUNGSTEN WIRE IN. AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS (1976)

Abstract The graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is improved by utilizing tungsten wire as an adsorbing material. This method has 20 to 50 times higher sensitivity compared to the conventional aliquot-sampling flameless AAS. Interferences of large amounts of coexisting alkali salts can be effectively eliminated.
Assessment of in-vivo skeletal muscle mechanics during joint motion using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging based approaches (2014)

The aim of this study is to quantify local deformations in the direction of muscle fibers occurred during joint motion by using specific Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences and post-processing tecniques.Data acquisition was performed within the body of preliminary study with the participaton of a 23 years old healthy male subject. Diffusion Tensor (DT) and Phase Contrast (PC) image sets are acquired during the cyclic ankle movement within the 80°–110° ankle angle range (10° dorsiflexion and 20° plantarflexion) and at the frequency of 0.5 Hz. Post processing techniques were used to quantify fiber direction strain distribution for both of the m. Gastrocnemius and m. Soleus. Fiber direction peak lengthening and shortening values for the m. Gastrocnemius were calculated as 7.1% and 30.8%, respectively. However a significant lengthening was not observed for m. Soleus, fiber direction peak shortening value was calculated as 24.6% for the same muscle. In consideration of this findings, it is noticed that the fiber direction strain distribution is significantly heterogeneous.Moreover, coexistence of the local lengthenings and local shortenings within the fiber direction strain distribution is found to be remarkable. From the clinical perspective,these quantified parameters have a significance to understand movement limitations caused by spasticity and contractures which may occur concominantly.
Selenium Supplementation Suppresses Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Induced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication <i>in Vitro</i> (1997)

Selenium is a nutritionally essential trace element that is important for optimal function of the immune system. It is incorporated into selenoproteins as the amino acid selenocysteine and it is known to inhibit the expression of some viruses. In this study, we show that selenium supplementation for 3 days prior to exposure to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) partially suppresses the induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in both chronically infected T lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines. In acute HIV-1 infection of T lymphocytes and monocytes in the absence of exogenous TNF-alpha, the suppressive effect of selenium supplementation was not observed. However, selenium supplementation did suppress the enhancing effect of TNF-alpha on HIV-1 replication in vitro in acutely infected human monocytes, but not in T lymphocytes. Selenium supplementation also increased the activities of the selenoproteins, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TR), which serve as cellular antioxidants. Taken together, these results suggest that selenium supplementation may prove beneficial as an adjuvant therapy for AIDS through reinforcement of endogenous antioxidative systems.
The processing of monazite (1989)

The decomposition of Australian monazite with caustic soda solution was investigated. The use of caustic soda of concentration 40% w/v and a NaOH:monazite weight ratio of 1.5:1 when reacted at 120 C resulted in a low rate of decomposition even with monazite ground to -45 mu. There was some evidence to suggest that the heavy rare earths were preferentially attacked by this concentration of caustic soda. Caustic soda of concentration 80% w/v proved much more effective, with 98.2% decomposition being achieved in three hours at 140 degreesC for the -45 mu material. Reaction rate decreased markedly with increase in grain size. Preliminary modelling studies were carried out and there was fair agreement between experimental results and the Shrinking Unreacted Core model of a Particle of Constant Size.
Unsteady Crack Motion and Branching in a Phase-Field Model of Brittle Fracture (2004)

Crack propagation is studied numerically using a continuum phase-field approach to mode III brittle fracture. The results shed light on the physics that controls the speed of accelerating cracks and the characteristic branching instability at a fraction of the wave speed.
[Mass flow anesthesia delivery system and its application]. (1989)

Microcomputer-based anesthesia delivery system using mass flow control devices has been developed. System is superior in computer control to conventional anesthesia machine because there is no mechanical setting. System consists of three thermal mass flow controllers (TMFC), one vapor source controller (VSC), personal computer system, and air circuits. Personal computer system has facilities of digital output, analogue input and analogue output interfaces. TMFCs and VSC are devices which operational principle is based on the thermal conductance and they are controlled by electrical signals from computer in the system. TMFCs control the mass flow of nitrous oxide, oxygen and carbon oxide according to each input voltage signal. VSC regulates mass vapor of halothane in order to keep set value up by means of alteration of oxygen carrier gas flow. Computer always monitors the gas flow of the TMFCs and VSC so that computer compensates the change of the carrier gas flow of VSC by regulating the TMFC for oxygen. Mixed gas from TMFCs and VSC is supplied through the air circuit to subject. Characteristics of the system was measured by mass spectrometer and flowmeter. Stability was 0.05% change after 30 minutes at the initial set of 3%. Experiment on animals using mongrel dogs has been performed to verify the system functions.
Role of Stress Reorientation in the Success of Refracture Treatments in Tight Gas Sands (2010)

Abstract The redistribution of stresses around a fractured vertical well has two sources: (a) opening of propped fracture (mechanical effects) and (b) production or injection of fluids in the reservoir (poroelastic effects). In this paper, the coupling of both phenomena was numerically modeled to quantify the extent of stress reorientation around fractured production wells. The results have been compared to field data from the Codell tight gas formation and analyzed for their impact on refracturing operations. For previously fractured wells, a secondary fracture may be initiated perpendicular to the first fracture if a stress reversal region is present. Altered-stress refracturing makes it possible to access zones of the reservoirs that are less depleted, thus increasing well production and reserves. The results of our model quantitatively agree with previous tiltmeter measurements, confirming the existence of refracture reorientation in the Codell formation. The performance of refracturing treatments has been observed to be highly variable in the Wattenberg field (Colorado) with some wells underperforming while others are restored to initial production rates. Historical production from neighboring wells and initial fracture performance were shown to impact the potential benefits from refracturing predicted by the numerical model. This paper introduces a three-dimensional model coupling mechanical and poroelastic stress reorientation used to interpret tiltmeter measurements and historical production in the Codell tight gas formation. Guidelines are drawn from the Wattenberg field case study that allow an operator to (a) select candidate wells, (b) choose the timing of the refracture operation in the life of the well, and (c) evaluate the potential increase in well production after refracturing.
Role of Prolactin Versus Growth Hormone on Islet BCell Proliferation in Vitro: Implications for Pregnancy* (1991)

This study investigated the effects of homologous rat PRL (rPRL) and rat GH (rGH) on islet growth as indicated by modifications in insulin secretion, islet cell proliferation, and islet volume with neonatal and adult rat islets in vitro. The number of proliferating cells was determined by immunocytochemical staining for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporated into replicating DNA during the final 24 h of culture. When neonatal rat islets were examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy, more than 90% of the BrdU-labeled nuclei were observed in B-cells with insulin immunoreactivity. In neonatal rat islets, rPRL was much more effective than rGH in increasing insulin secretion (3.7-fold vs. 1.4-fold) during the 10 days of culture. The number of BrdU-labeled nuclei per islet was increased from 2.9 +/- 0.4 (n = 77) in control islets to 47.3 +/- 2.7 (n = 95) with rPRL (16.3-fold) and 9.7 +/- 0.8 (n = 84) with rGH (3.3-fold). The effects of rPRL and rGH on both insulin secretion and BrdU labeling were approximately additive. After 10 days, an increased average islet volume was only observed with rPRL. When followed for 36 days, the total amount of islet tissue was unchanged for control islets (1.1-fold), more than doubled with rPRL (2.5-fold), and only slightly increased with rGH (1.4-fold). From the observed rates of islet cell proliferation and increases in islet volumes, doubling times of 23-24 days for rPRL and 89-91 days for rGH can be estimated. Of other proposed islet growth factors, cholecystokinin, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and 2-aminoisobutyric acid, an increase in insulin secretion and islet cell proliferation was only observed with cholecystokinin in neonatal rat islets. However, both effects were less than 20% of those observed with rPRL. In adult rat islets, rPRL was also more effective than rGH in increasing insulin secretion (1.6-fold vs. 1.2-fold) during the 9 days of culture. The number of BrdU-labeled nuclei per islet was increased from 2.7 +/- 0.5 (n = 96) in control islets to 9.5 +/- 0.6 (n = 175) with rPRL (3.5-fold). In contrast to the neonatal islets, rGH had no effect on the number of BrdU-labeled nuclei per islet in adult rat islets (2.4 +/- 0.3, n = 194).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Continuous-wave operation of nonpolar GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2018)

This is the first demonstration of continuous-wave (CW) operation of nonpolar GaN-based VCSELs. These devices had a dual-dielectric distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) design with ion implanted apertures and III-nitride tunnel junction (TJ) intracavity contacts. Unlike c-plane devices, nonpolar GaN-based VCSELs have anisotropic gain that leads to a 100% polarization ratio and polarization-locked VCSEL arrays. Previous nonpolar devices were unable to lase under CW operation, notably due to the thermally-insulating bottom dielectric DBR. Based on thermal modeling using COMSOL, the main thermal pathway was restricted to a thin p-side metal contact that goes around the bottom DBR to the submount. Heat flow was further impaired as the Au-Au thermocompression flip-chip bond created cracks and voids in the p-side metal. The thermal performance was improved in our latest VCSELs by increasing the cavity length to 23λ and utilizing Au-In solid liquid interdiffusion bonding to create a more robust pathway for heat transport. This led to stable CW VCSEL operation for over 20 minutes. The peak output powers for a 6 μm aperture VCSEL under CW and pulsed operation were 150 μW and 700 μW, respectively. Lasing wavelengths were observed at 406 nm, 412 nm, and 419 nm. The fundamental transverse mode was observed without the presence of filamentary lasing.
Reduced Levels of IGF-I Mediate Differential Protection of Normal and Cancer Cells in Response to Fasting and Improve Chemotherapeutic Index (2010)

Inhibitors of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor have been widely studied for their ability to enhance the killing of a variety of malignant cells, but whether IGF-I signaling differentially protects the host and cancer cells against chemotherapy is unknown. Starvation can protect mice, but not cancer cells, against high-dose chemotherapy [differential stress resistance (DSR)]. Here, we offer evidence that IGF-I reduction mediates part of the starvation-dependent DSR. A 72-hour fast in mice reduced circulating IGF-I by 70% and increased the level of the IGF-I inhibitor IGFBP-1 by 11-fold. LID mice, with a 70% to 80% reduction in circulating IGF-I levels, were protected against three of four chemotherapy drugs tested. Restoration of IGF-I was sufficient to reverse the protective effect of fasting. Sixty percent of melanoma-bearing LID mice treated with doxorubicin achieved long-term survival whereas all control mice died of either metastases or chemotherapy toxicity. Reducing IGF-I/IGF-I signaling protected primary glia, but not glioma cells, against cyclophosphamide and protected mouse embryonic fibroblasts against doxorubicin. Further, S. cerevisiae lacking homologs of IGF-I signaling proteins were protected against chemotherapy-dependent DNA damage in a manner that could be reversed by expressing a constitutively active form of Ras. We conclude that normal cells and mice can be protected against chemotherapy-dependent damage by reducing circulating IGF-I levels and by a mechanism that involves downregulation of proto-oncogene signals.
Reduction of leakage current in metal-induced lateral crystallization polysilicon TFTs with dual-gate and multiple nanowire channels (2005)

This letter addresses the leakage current in nickel (Ni) metal-induced lateral crystallization (Ni-MILC) polysilicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) with multiple nanowire channels and dual-gate. Experimental results reveal that applying multiple nanowire channels improves the Ni-MILC poly-Si TFT performance. However, the leakage current of both single-gate with single-channel and multiple nanowire channels remains high (>10/sup -8/ A), because of the field emission of carriers through the poly-Si grain traps and the defects caused by Ni contamination. Applying the dual-gate structure can suppress the electrical filed in the drain depletion region, significantly reducing the leakage current of the Ni-MILC poly-Si TFT, increasing the ON/OFF ratio.
Failing Drop CO2 Deposition (Desublimation) Heat Exchanger for the Cryogenic Carbon Capture Process (2011)

Cryogenic carbon capture removes CO2 and other pollutants from flue and waste stream gases produced from the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil and the production of cement. A transient, 1-dimensional numerical model was developed to study the temperature profile within a counter-current surface CO2 desublimation-falling liquid or solid heat exchanger. Effects of desublimation heat and mass transfer as well as convective and conductive heat transfer relationships were taken into account. Experiments show that CO2 can be captured on a falling spherical particle when appropriate column operating conditions are met.
Structural Phase Transitions in the Fullerene C <sub>60</sub> (1992)

High-resolution powder neutron diffraction has been used to study the crystal structure of the fullerence C60 in the temperature range 5 K to 320 K. Solid C60 adopts a cubic structure at all temperatures. The experimental data provide clear evidence of a continuous phase transition at ca. 90 K and confirm the existence of a first-order phase transition at 260 K. In the high-temperature face-centred-cubic phase (T > 260 K), the C60 molecules are completely orientationally disordered, undergoing continuous reorientation. Below 260 K, interpretation of the diffraction data is consistent with uniaxial jump reorientation principally about a single ⟨111⟩ direction. In the lowest-temperature phase (T < 90 K), rotational motion is frozen although a small amount of static disorder still persists.
ACT: The SAGA Continues (1991)

ACTA is a comprehensive transaction framework that permits a transaction modeler to specify the effects of extended transactions on each other and on objects in the database. ACTA allows the specification of (1) the interactions between transactions in terms of relationships between significant (transaction manage- ment) events, such as begin, commit, abort, delegate, split, and join, pertaining to different transactions and (2) transactions'' effects on objects'' state and concur- rency status (i.e., synchronization state). Various extended traditional models have been proposed to deal with applica- tions that involve reactive (endless), open-ended (long-lived) and collaborative (interactive) activities. One such model is Sagas [GS87] independent (component) transactions T1, T2,..., Tn which can interleave in any way with component trans- actions of other Sagas. Components can commit even before the Saga commits. However, if the Saga subsequently aborts, effects of the committed components are nullified through the invocation of compensating transactions. After giving a brief introduction to the modeling primitives of ACTA, we illustrate their use by giving a complete formal characterization of Sagas. Sub- sequently, the reasoning power of ACTA is shown by proving properties of Sagas. Finally, the flexibility of ACTA is displayed through a series of variations to the original model of Sagas, each variation coming out of changes to the formal characterization of Sagas.
<title>Second-generation hybrid D-strut</title> (1995)

This paper describes the efforts by Honeywell and MIT to develop a second generation hybrid D-Strut<SUP>TM</SUP> (patent pending). The D-Strut is a passive viscous damping and stiffening device used for structural control and isolation. The concept of using an active element synergistically with passive elements was presented in the 1994 SPIE Conference on Smart Structures and Materials paper titled `Actuator with Built-in Viscous Damping for Isolation and Structural Control.' A second generation hybrid D-Strut or active D-Strut with many applications to isolation of spacecraft hardware has been built and tested. The utilization of the device for several system applications is discussed. The primary advantage of the hybrid is that the passive elements are designed for small gravity sag and acceptable mount resonance and the active control is designed to reduce transmissibility over broad or narrow frequency ranges. The payload is then robustly isolated even in the unpowered (active stage off) state. Modeling, dynamic tests, and several single axis isolation experimental results are presented. Also, specific designs for six-axis implementations for microgravity isolation and optical payload isolation, pointing, and suppression are described.
Residues of atrazine and its metabolites after prolonged usage (1981)

Zusammenfassung: Atrazine was applied to a field planted to corn ( Zea mays L.) for 20 consecutive years at rates ranging from 1.40 to 2.24 kg/ha. Analysis of soil samples taken 6 and 12 months after the final application showed the presence of residues of the parent compound and its mono dealkylated hydroxy analogues. Shoots and roots of oat ( Avena saliva L.) plants grown in the field contained hydroxyatrazine (2‐hydroxy‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐isopropylamino‐s‐triazine) and one of its mono dealkylated analogues in the conjugated form. Oats and timothy ( Phleum pralense L.) grown in treated soil in a growth cabinet showed similar results. The data suggest that long‐term annual applications of atrazine for weed control in corn result in the persistence of some of its degradation products, mainly hydroxylated analogues, in soil I year after the final herbicide application. It is conceivable that such residues may enter into the food crops planted in atrazine‐treated soil in the year or years following the cessation of a long‐term treatment.
The female genitalia and spermathecae of some of the Rhynchophora (1960)

Editor's Noll'.Ml.Snndeis sul.iiiilled this |>iii>ci as a tliesis to the Dcpai liiifiU of /.oology ind Kntoniologv of rit;hani Young riiivi-isilv in iwirli.ilfiilfilliiii-nt of the lequiiciiients f<>r the degree of .Master of S.ion.e.In edilinn lUi-sliidy some < hanges and deh-tioiis have been made.Con- tribution No. 171 from the Oepailment of Zoology and tntoiiiology