gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-13–Induced Mucous Metaplasia Increases Susceptibility of Human Airway Epithelium to Rhinovirus Infection (2010)

Infection of airway epithelium by rhinovirus is the most common cause of asthma exacerbations. Even in mild asthma, airway epithelium exhibits mucous metaplasia, which increases with increasing severity of the disease. We previously showed that squamous cultures of human airway epithelium manifest rhinoviral infection at levels many times higher than in well-differentiated cultures of a mucociliary phenotype. Here we tested the hypothesis that mucous metaplasia is also associated with increased levels of rhinoviral infection. Mucous metaplasia was induced with IL-13, which doubled the numbers of goblet cells. In both control (mucociliary) and IL-13- treated (mucous metaplastic) cultures, goblet cells were preferentially infected by rhinovirus. IL-13 doubled the numbers of infected cells by increasing the numbers of infected goblet cells. Furthermore, IL-13 increased both the maturity of goblet cells and the probability that a goblet cell would be infected. The infection of cells other than goblet cells was unaltered by IL-13. Treatment with IL-13 did not alter the levels of rhinovirus receptor ICAM-1, nor did the proliferative effects of IL-13 enhance infection, because rhinovirus did not colocalize with dividing cells. However, the induction of mucous metaplasia caused changes in the apical membrane structure, notably a marked decrease in overall ciliation, and an increase in the overall flatness of the apical surface. We conclude that mucous metaplasia in asthma increases the susceptibility of airway epithelium to infection by rhinovirus because of changes in the overall architecture of the apical surface.
Chlamydia pneumoniae and Inflammatory Arthritis (2006)

SummaryChlamydia pneumoniae is a pathogen of much current interest in relation to several chronic and acute human diseases. Associations of this organism with some clinical entities, such as multiple sclerosis and late-onset (sporadic) Alzheimer’s disease, remain highly controversial, but a role for C. pneumoniae in the genesis of inflammatory arthritis has gained much credence over the last several years. While the published data briefly summarized in this chapter clearly support a role for C. pneumoniae in this disease, a good deal remains to be learned concerning the mechanisms by which disease generation is initiated and/or maintained by the bacterium. Forexample, studies of C. trachomatis and its pathogenic role in reactive arthritis convincingly show that this bacterium resides long-term in synovial tissue in the persistent, rather than the actively growing, state, and thatjoint pathogenesis by this organism must be understood in terms of host-pathogen interactions specific to that biologic state. Currently availabledataconcerning the biology of C.pneumoniae in the joint, while strongly suggestive of persistent infection, do not unequivocally demonstrate that this organism, like its sister-species, undergoes persistence during chronic infection of the synovium. Further, some data suggest that molecular genetic and other details of persistent infection and host-pathogen interaction differ somewhat between C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. Those potential differences must be defined carefully, since the lack of clear extraarticular features for the inflammatory arthritis apparently induced by the latter organism probably relate to those differences. Moreover, the role of the APOE ε4 gene product must be elucidated, since some observations indicate that it may be important, specifically in the C. pneumoniae associated pathogenesis process. Thus, even though it is likely that this unusual organism does indeed elicit synovial pathogenesis, much work remains to be done before its role in joint disease is fully understood.
Support-Predicted Modified-CS for recursive robust principal components' Pursuit (2011)

This work proposes a causal and recursive algorithm for solving the “robust” principal components' analysis problem. We primarily focus on robustness to correlated outliers. In recent work, we proposed a new way to look at this problem and showed how a key part of its solution strategy involves solving a noisy compressive sensing (CS) problem. However, if the support size of the outliers becomes too large, for a given dimension of the current principal components' space, then the number of “measurements” available for CS may become too small. In this work, we show how to address this issue by utilizing the correlation of the outliers to predict their support at the current time; and using this as “partial support knowledge” for solving Modified-CS instead of CS.
Functional integration of a metabolic network model and expression data without arbitrary thresholding (2010)

MADE is implemented in Matlab and requires a mixed-integer linear program solver. Source code is freely available at http://www.bme.virginia.edu/csbl/downloads/.
Synthesis of 2′-Iodo- and 2′-Bromo-ATP and GTP Analogues as Potential Phasing Tools for X-ray Crystallography (1999)

Abstract Ara-adenosine (adenine 9-β-D-arabinofuranoside) and ara-guanosine (guanine 9-β-D-arabinofuranoside) are converted into 2′ halogenated ATP and GTP analogues by triflation and subsequent inversion of configuration at C-2′. For the commercially unavailable ara-guanosine a short synthesis starting from guanosine is presented. The nucleotide analogues could serve for the preparation of heavy atom derivatives of ATP- and GTP-binding proteins useful for protein crystal structure determination by MIR/MAD phasing.
A high efficiency Lamb wave lens for subsurface imaging (2003)

A conventional scanning acoustic microscope lens excites all the possible modes of acoustic waves in the solid structure under examination. The excited leaky modes contribute significantly to the high contrast obtained in the images, but because all such modes exist simultaneously, the interpretation of the images is not straightforward. A new lens geometry that can be used with acoustic microscopes to image layered solid structures is proposed. This new lens can efficiently focus the acoustic waves in only one of the Lamb wave modes of the layered solid. The images obtained are easy to interpret, and the subsurface sensitivity is high.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The use of porous and surface modified silicas as drug delivery and stabilizing agents (1983)

(1983). The use of porous and surface modified silicas as drug delivery and stabilizing agents. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy: Vol. 9, No. 1-2, pp. 69-91.
Acute treatment with desipramine stimulates melatonin and 6‐sulphatoxy melatonin production in man. (1986)

Acute administration of the antidepressant drug desipramine (DMI) in man, increased evening melatonin secretion, which reached peak plasma levels 2-4 h earlier than after placebo administration. The increase at set time points 21.00 h-22.00 h was directly proportional to an individual's integrated night-time secretion of melatonin. We have shown that this stimulation was not an effect of DMI inhibition on the hepatic metabolism of melatonin to 6-sulphatoxy melatonin (aMT6s), indeed aMT6s is in itself a good index of the evening melatonin rise. The stimulation of early evening melatonin by DMI might be exploited as a simple pineal function test.
SC modified lossless discrete differentiators and resulting SC highpass ladder filters (1986)

New design techniques of SC modified discrete differentiators are proposed. The flowgraph synthesis of SC highpass ladder filters can be performed straightforwardly with them.
Issues and trends in router design (1998)

Future routers must not only forward packets at high speeds, but also deal with nontrivial issues such as scheduling support for differential services, heterogeneous link technologies, and backward compatibility with a wide range of packet formats and routing protocols. The authors outline the design issues facing the next generation of backbone, enterprise, and access routers. The authors also present a survey of advances in router design, identifying important trends, concluding with a selection of open issues.
Replication of HIV-1 viruses in the presence of the Portland α1-antitrypsin variant (α1-PDX) inhibitor (2001)

The Portland alpha1-antitrypsin variant (alpha1-PDX) inhibits gp160 cleavage into gp120 and gp41 by different prohormone convertases (PCs) including furin, PC5 and PC7. Jurkat cells stably transfected with this inhibitor (J-PDX cells) and, as controls, Jurkat cells transfected with the empty vector (J-pcDNA3) were tested for their susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. We found that HIV-1 replication was significantly impaired in J-PDX cells. However, the analysis of the infectivity of HIV-1 viruses produced in J-PDX cells on different days during the infection indicated that they recovered infectivity starting from 13 days post-infection. The sequencing of viruses collected earlier and later from J-PDX cells revealed no mutations in envelope-glycoprotein precursor (Env) maturation sites or in the N-terminal sequence of gp41 fusion peptide, which plays a key role in membrane fusion. Although conserved mutations were detected at the C-terminus of the gp41 fusion peptide and ectodomain, the replication of mutant HIV-1 viruses produced on day 20 in J-PDX cells was inhibited at a similar level to wild-type viruses after a second passage in J-PDX cells. We then investigated the expression of the alpha1-PDX protein, and found that HIV-1 replication activated its proteolysis since the 54 kDa cleaved form became predominant later on in the infection. In contrast, the expression of PC7, a protein that is transported through the secretory pathway, was unaltered in HIV-1 infected cells. We conclude that recovered HIV-1 infectivity in J-PDX cells was due to a loss of alpha1-PDX activity via its extensive processing by intracellular proteases that cleave it through the substrate pathway.
Parallel algorithms and architectures for rule-based systems (1986)

Rule-based systems, on the surface, appear to be capable of exploiting large amounts of parallelism—it is possible to match each rule to the data memory in parallel. In practice, however, we show that the speed-up from parallelism is quite limited, less than 10-fold. The reasons for the small speed-up are: (1) the small number of rules relevant to each change to data memory; (2) the large variation in the processing required by the relevant rules; and (3) the small number of changes made to data memory between synchronization steps. Furthermore, we observe that to obtain this limited factor of 10-fold speed-up, it is necessary to exploit parallelism at a very fine granularity. We propose that a suitable architecture to exploit such fine-grain parallelism is a bus-based shared-memory multiprocessor with 32-64 processors. Using such a multiprocessor (with individual processors working at 2 MIPS), it is possible to obtain execution speeds of about 3800 rule-firings/sec. This speed is significantly higher than that obtained by other proposed parallel implementations of rule-based systems.
Information storage on the cloud: A survey of effective storage management system (2012)

In this paper we have discussed about the need of effective information management, Storage area network (SAN). SAN is the hottest buzz word in the computer storage business today. It seems like every company with a storage product, from the smallest garage shop to the largest multi-billion dollar corporation, has a SAN strategy, along with all of the products that today's business owners and IT managers absolutely need to run their business in a SAN environment. It is a high-speed network of storage elements, similar in form and function to a LAN that establishes direct and indirect connections between multiple servers and multiple storage elements. This paper covers the basics of Fibre Channel Storage Area Network (FC SAN), Internet Protocol Storage Area Network (IP SAN), concepts of Zoning and Logical unit number (LUN) masking. The comparison of various vendors EMC, IBM, HP that provide the services of SAN.
Identification of a Maize Kernel Stress-Related Protein and Its Effect on Aflatoxin Accumulation (2004)

ABSTRACT Aflatoxins are carcinogens produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus during infection of susceptible crops such as maize. Through proteomic comparisons of maize kernel embryo proteins of resistant and susceptible genotypes, several protein spots previously were found to be unique or upregulated in resistant embryos. In the present study, one of these protein spots was sequenced and identified as glyoxalase I (GLX-I; EC 4.4.1.5). The full-length cDNA of the glyoxalase I gene (glx-I) was cloned. GLX-I constitutive activity was found to be significantly higher in the resistant maize lines compared with susceptible ones. After kernel infection by A. flavus, GLX-I activity remained lower in susceptible genotypes than in resistant genotypes. However, fungal infection significantly increased methylglyoxal (MG) levels in two of three susceptible genotypes. Further, MG was found to induce aflatoxin production in A. flavus culture at a concentration as low as 5.0 muM. The mode of action of MG may be to stimulate the expression of aflR, an aflatoxin biosynthesis regulatory gene, which was found to be significantly upregulated in the presence of 5 to 20 muM MG. These data suggest that GLX-I may play an important role in controlling MG levels inside kernels, thereby contributing to the lower levels of aflatoxins found in resistant maize genotypes.
<i>Let-</i>7 microRNA-mediated mRNA deadenylation and translational repression in a mammalian cell-free system (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are incorporated into miRNP complexes and regulate protein expression post-transcriptionally through binding to 3'-untranslated regions of target mRNAs. Here we describe a recapitulation of let-7 miRNA-mediated translational repression in a cell-free system, which was established with extracts prepared from HEK293F cells overexpressing miRNA pathway components. In this system, both the cap and poly(A) tail are required for the translational repression, and let-7 directs the deadenylation of target mRNAs. Our work suggests that let-7 miRNPs containing Argonaute and GW182 impair the synergistic enhancement of translation by the 5'-cap and 3'-poly(A) tail, resulting in translational repression.
Single-cladding antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide-type diode laser (1995)

A significantly simplified type of antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) laser, which is also immune to gain spatial hole burning, is proposed for achieving high-power, single-spatial-mode operation. Modal calculations, which include two-dimensional analysis, confirm strong intermodal discrimination (12–16 cm−1) between the fundamental and the first-order lateral modes. Above-threshold analysis shows that gain spatial hole burning has a negligible effect on the performance of this new type of ARROW device, which in turn dramatically enhances its single-mode, high-power capability by comparison with the conventional ARROW laser.
Diacylglycerol acyl transferase 1 overexpression detoxifies cardiac lipids in PPARγ transgenic mice (2012)

Accumulation of excess lipids is associated with heart failure. The effects of transgenic expression of diacylglycerol acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1) in cardiomyocytes is controversial. We explored whether mice expressing DGAT1 via the myosin heavy chain (MHC) promoter develop heart dysfunction with aging or after crossing with mice over expressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the heart. MHC-DGAT1 transgenic mice had increased heart triglyceride but no evidence of heart dysfunction, even up to age 12 months. The MHC-DGAT1 transgene improved heart dysfunction and survival of MHC-PPARγ-expressing transgenic mice. Both diacylglycerol and ceramide levels in the heart were reduced by this cross, as were the levels of several mRNAs of genes involved in lipid metabolism. There were fewer large lipid droplets in MHC-DGAT1×MHC-PPARγ mice compared with MHC-PPARγ, but total lipid content was not changed. Therefore, overexpression of DGAT1 is not toxic to the heart but reduces levels of toxic lipids and improves lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Moreover, the beneficial effects of DGAT1 illustrate the interrelationship of several lipid metabolic pathways and the difficulty of assigning benefit to an isolated change in one potentially toxic lipid species.
Detection of Hermetic Defects in HTS Wire (2005)

There are important applications of HTS in which the wire comes into direct contact with liquid coolants. If the coolant penetrates into the wire filaments through small leakage paths then a catastrophic failure may result upon warming of the wire as the liquid rapidly expands into a gas. It is therefore desirable to have a simple nondestructive test for hermeticity of long lengths of tapes. A number of tests for detecting hermetic defects with an emphasis on their feasibility within a manufacturing context are considered. The most promising technique is a colormetric test using ammonia as a tracer gas. We correlate results from colormetric tests with pressurized liquid nitrogen testing.
The glucocorticoid receptor agonistic modulators CpdX and CpdX-D3 do not generate the debilitating effects of synthetic glucocorticoids (2019)

Seventy years after the discovery of their anti-inflammatory properties, glucocorticoids (GCs) remain the mainstay treatment for major allergic and inflammatory disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, and conjunctivitis, among others. However, their long-term therapeutical administration is limited by major debilitating side effects, e.g., skin atrophy, osteoporosis, Addison-like adrenal insufficiency, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes syndrome, as well as growth inhibition in children. These undesirable side effects are mostly related to GC-induced activation of both the direct transactivation and the direct transrepression functions of the GC receptor (GR), whereas the activation of its GC-induced indirect tethered transrepression function results in beneficial anti-inflammatory effects. We have reported in the accompanying paper that the nonsteroidal compound CpdX as well as its deuterated form CpdX-D3 selectively activate the GR indirect transrepression function and are as effective as synthetic GCs at repressing inflammations generated in several mouse models of major pathologies. We now demonstrate that these CpdX compounds are bona fide selective GC receptor agonistic modulators (SEGRAMs) as none of the known GC-induced debilitating side effects were observed in the mouse upon 3-mo CpdX treatments. We notably report that, unlike that of GCs, the administration of CpdX to ovariectomized (OVX) mice does not induce a fatty liver nor type 2 diabetes, which indicates that CpdX could be used in postmenopausal women as an efficient "harmless" GC substitute.
Dysregulation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Skeletal Muscle and the Etiology of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes (2010)

Insulin resistance of glucose transport and metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues is a primary defect leading to the development of type 2 diabetes. While the etiology of insulin resistance is multifactorial, one factor associated with reduced insulin action is enhanced activity of the serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. GSK-3 is involved in numerous cellular functions, including glycogen synthesis, protein synthesis, gene transcription, and cell differentiation. Evidence from muscle and fat cell lines and in skeletal muscle from a variety of obese rodent models and from type 2 diabetic humans supports a role of GSK-3 overactivity in the development of insulin resistance of glucose transport and glycogenesis. Studies utilizing highly selective GSK-3 inhibitors indicate that GSK-3 overactivity in obesity is associated with enhanced IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and defective IRS-1-dependent signaling, ultimately resulting in reduced GLUT-4 translocation and glucose transport activity in skeletal muscle. A role of GSK-3 overactivity in the exaggerated hepatic glucose production of type 2 diabetes has also been reported. Recent studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, resulting from enhanced exposure to oxidants, causes impaired insulin signaling and insulin resistance of skeletal muscle glucose transport, in part due to reduced suppression of GSK-3 activity and increased IRS-1 Ser(307) phosphorylation. The evidence to date supports an important role of GSK-3 dysfunction in the multifactorial etiology of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. GSK-3 remains an important target for interventions designed to improve insulin action in obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
The architecture of the Eden system (1981)

The University of Washington's Eden project is a five-year research effort to design, build and use an “integrated distributed” computing environment. The underlying philosophy of Eden involves a fresh approach to the tension between these two adjectives. In briefest form, Eden attempts to support both good personal computing and good multi-user integration by combining a node machine / local network hardware base with a software environment that encourages a high degree of sharing and cooperation among its users. The hardware architecture of Eden involves an Ethernet local area network interconnecting a number of node machines with bit-map displays, based upon the Intel iAPX 432 processor. The software architecture is object-based, allowing each user access to the information and resources of the entire system through a simple interface. This paper states the philosophy and goals of Eden, describes the programming methodology that we have chosen to support, and discusses the hardware and kernel architecture of the system.
Conciencia profesional. Créditos cinematográficos (1946)

Cine experimental (1946). Conciencia profesional. Créditos cinematográficos. Cine experimental. (10):148-148. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/42735.
Design of a computer controlled manipulator (1969)

The report covers the preliminary system studies, the design process, and the design details associated with the design of a new computer controlled manipulator. A systems study of various manipulator configurations, force sensing methods, and suitable components and hardware was first performed. Based on this study, a general design concept was formulated. This concept was then developed into a detailed manipulator design, having six degrees of freedom, all electric motor powered. The manipulator has exceptionally high position accuracy, comparatively fast feedback servo performance, and approximately human arm reach and motion properties. Supporting some of the design details and selections are several examples of the design calculation procedure employed. (Author)