gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Argueing Between Exist or Abandon of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2008)

To briefly state the argueing between exist or abandon of TCM in history.To Compare differences and commonness with presenter of abandoning TCM,proposal style of abandoning TCM and governmental role of abandoning TCM in two times of argueing between exist or abandon of TCM.At last thinking essence of the argueing between exist or abandon of TCM is analyzed.
The Evolutionarily Conserved Zinc Finger Motif in the Largest Subunit of Human Replication Protein A Is Required for DNA Replication and Mismatch Repair but Not for Nucleotide Excision Repair (1998)

The largest subunit of the replication protein A (RPA) contains an evolutionarily conserved zinc finger motif that lies outside of the domains required for binding to single-stranded DNA or forming the RPA holocomplex. In previous studies, we showed that a point mutation in this motif (RPAm) cannot support SV40 DNA replication. We have now investigated the role of this motif in several steps of DNA replication and in two DNA repair pathways. RPAm associates with T antigen, assists the unwinding of double-stranded DNA at an origin of replication, stimulates DNA polymerases alpha and delta, and supports the formation of the initial short Okazaki fragments. However, the synthesis of a leading strand and later Okazaki fragments is impaired. In contrast, RPAm can function well during the incision step of nucleotide excision repair and in a full repair synthesis reaction, with either UV-damaged or cisplatin-adducted DNA. Two deletion mutants of the Rpa1 subunit (eliminating amino acids 1-278 or 222-411) were not functional in nucleotide excision repair. We report for the first time that wild type RPA is required for a mismatch repair reaction in vitro. Neither the deletion mutants nor RPAm can support this reaction. Therefore, the zinc finger of the largest subunit of RPA is required for a function that is essential for DNA replication and mismatch repair but not for nucleotide excision repair.
A High Resolution Capacitive Sensing System for the Measurement of Water Content in Crude Oil (2014)

This paper presents the design of a non-intrusive system to measure ultra-low water content in crude oil. The system is based on a capacitance to phase angle conversion method. Water content is measured with a capacitance sensor comprising two semi-cylindrical electrodes mounted on the outer side of a glass tube. The presence of water induces a capacitance change that in turn converts into a phase angle, with respect to a main oscillator. A differential sensing technique is adopted not only to ensure high immunity against temperature variation and background noise, but also to eliminate phase jitter and amplitude variation of the main oscillator that could destabilize the output. The complete capacitive sensing system was implemented in hardware and experiment results using crude oil samples demonstrated that a resolution of ± 50 ppm of water content in crude oil was achieved by the proposed design.
A software-oriented approach to the design of media processing environments (1994)

The ViewStation architecture embodies a software-oriented approach to the support of interactive media-based applications. Starting from the premise that the raw media data, e.g., the video pixels themselves, must eventually be made accessible to the application, we have derived a set of architectural guidelines for the design of media processing environments. The resultant ViewStation architecture, as described in this paper, consists of the VuSystem, a complete media programming environment, and the VuNet, a substrate for the acquisition communication and rendering of video and closed caption text. We describe a set of computer-participative applications that demonstrate the present day viability of applications that participate in, i.e., actively process, live media-based information. Early performance results illustrate the affordability and benefits of our software-oriented approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Current-induced electrical self-oscillations across out-of-plane threshold switches based on VO2 layers integrated in crossbars geometry (2014)

Electrically activated metal-insulator transition (MIT) in vanadium dioxide (VO2) is widely studied from both fundamental and practical points of view. It can give valuable insights on the currently controversial phase transition mechanism in this material and, at the same time, allows the development of original MIT-based electronic devices. Electrically triggered insulator-metal transitions are demonstrated in novel out-of-plane, metal-oxide-metal type devices integrating a VO2 thin film, upon applying moderate threshold voltages. It is shown that the current-voltage characteristics of such devices present clear negative differential resistance effects supporting the onset of continuous, current-driven phase oscillations across the vanadium dioxide material. The frequencies of these self-sustained oscillations are ranging from 90 to 300 kHz and they may be tuned by adjusting the injected current. A phenomenological model of the device and its command circuit is developed, and allows to extract the analytical expressions of the oscillation frequencies and to simulate the electrical oscillatory phenomena developed across the VO2 material. Such out-of-plane devices may further contribute to the general understanding of the driving mechanism in metal-insulator transition materials and devices, a prerequisite to promising applications in high speed/high frequency networks of oscillatory or resistive memories circuits.
Polarization characteristics of single-mode fiber couplers (1982)

The polarization characteristics of fiber couplers made of birefringent single-mode fibers are studied. The effect of anisotropic interfiber coupling, fiber birefringence, angular misalignment of fibers, and twisting on the coupler characteristics are identified. The polarization characteristics of the couplers are compared with that of isolated uncoupled fibers of the same birefringence and length. The equivalent lumped element representations for three classes of fiber couplers are also presented.
Toward unobtrusive measurement of reading comprehension using low-cost EEG (2014)

Assessment of reading comprehension can be costly and obtrusive. In this paper, we use inexpensive EEG to detect reading comprehension of readers in a school environment. We use EEG signals to produce above-chance predictors of student performance on end-of-sentence cloze questions. We also attempt (unsuccessfully) to distinguish among student mental states evoked by distracters that violate either syntactic, semantic, or contextual constraints. In total, this work investigates the practicality of classroom use of inexpensive EEG devices as an unobtrusive measure of reading comprehension.
Second‐generation error concealment for video transport over error‐prone channels (2002)

Abstract Video transport over error‐prone channels may result in loss or erroneous decoding of the video data. Error concealment is an effective mechanism to reconstruct the video data. In this paper, we review error‐concealment methods and introduce a new framework, which we refer to as second‐generation error concealment . All the error‐concealment methods reconstruct the lost video data by making use of certain a priori knowledge about the video content. First‐generation error concealment builds such a priori in a heuristic manner. The proposed second‐generation error concealment builds the a priori by modeling the statistics of the video content explicitly, typically in the region of interest (ROI). Context‐based models are trained with the correctly received video data and then used to replenish the lost video data. Trained models capture the statistics of the video content and thus reconstruct the lost video data better than reconstruction by heuristics. A new dynamic model ‘updating principal components’ (UPC) is proposed as a model for second‐generation error concealment. UPC can be applied to pixel values to conceal loss of pixel data. In addition, UPC can be applied to motion vectors, which results in ‘updating eigenflows’ (U‐Eigenflow), to conceal loss of motion vectors. With UPC applied to both pixel values and motion vectors, hybrid temporal/spatial error concealment can be achieved. The proposed second‐generation error‐concealment method provides superior performances to first‐generation error‐concealment methods. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Echographic Detection and Classification of Posterior Hyphemas (1984)

A 'posterior hyphema' (in analogy to the classic hyphema seen in the anterior chamber) is a collection of liquid blood at the bottom of a fluid-filled space in the posterior segment of the eye. The horizontal surface of a posterior hyphema produces strong signals echographically which, at first glance, may be confused with signals from a retinal detachment or a preretinal membrane. With the patient being examined in a supine position, a retinal detachment of the inferior posterior fundus involving the macula is suggested. Such a misdiagnosis would have serious consequences for the management of a patient and must be avoided. A simple, quick and effective (both highly sensitive and specific) echographic (A-scan and B-scan) shift technique clearly differentiates a posterior hyphema from a retinal detachment and a preretinal membrane. This shift method has been applied successfully in 62 consecutive cases of posterior hyphema. These represent 20% of 304 cases with severe posterior segment hemorrhages examined echographically in a 3-year period. With echography, the height of a posterior hyphema can be measured precisely and its consistency ranging from very liquid ('thin' hyphemas) to highly viscous ('thick' and 'sticky' hyphemas) can be determined. Thus, echography contributes important information about this special kind of posterior segment hemorrhage, particularly useful in previtrectomy evaluations.
miR‐134 inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition by targeting FOXM1 in non‐small cell lung cancer cells (2012)

Recent studies have implied that miRNAs act as crucial modulators for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We found that miR-134 expression correlated with invasive potential and EMT phenotype of NSCLC cells. Functional assays demonstrated that miR-134 inhibited EMT in NSCLC cells. In addition, we showed that Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) is a direct target of miR-134. Knockdown of FOXM1 reversed EMT resembling that of miR-134 overexpression. We further found that FOXM1 was involved in TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells. These findings suggest that miR-134 acts as a novel EMT suppressor in NSCLC cells.
Innate and adaptive immunity in <i>Candida albicans</i> infections and saprophytism (2000)

Underlying acquired immunity to the fungus Candida albicans is usually present in adult immunocompetent individuals and is presumed to prevent mucosal colonization progressing to symptomatic infection. Exploration of immunological events leading to Candida resistance or susceptibility has indicated the central role of the innate and adaptive immune systems, the relative contribution of which may vary depending on the site of the primary infection. Nevertheless, acquired resistance to infection results from the development of Th1 responses. Cytokines produced by Thl cells activate phagocytic cells to a candidacidal state. In contrast, cytokines produced by Th2 cells inhibit Th1 development and deactivate phagocytic effector cells. Because reciprocal influences have been recognized between innate and adaptive Th immunity, it appears that an integrated immune response determines the life-long commensalism of the fungus at the mucosal level, as well as the transition from mucosal saprophyte to pathogen.
ER sliding dynamics and ER–mitochondrial contacts occur on acetylated microtubules (2010)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network is extremely dynamic in animal cells, yet little is known about the mechanism and function of its movements. The most common ER dynamic, termed ER sliding, involves ER tubule extension along stable microtubules (MTs). In this study, we show that ER sliding occurs on nocodazole-resistant MTs that are posttranslationally modified by acetylation. We demonstrate that high MT curvature is a good indicator of MT acetylation and show in live cells that ER sliding occurs predominantly on these curved, acetylated MTs. Furthermore, increasing MT acetylation by drug treatment increases the frequency of ER sliding. One purpose of the ER sliding on modified MT tracts could be to regulate its interorganelle contacts. We find that all mitochondria and many endosomes maintain contact with the ER despite the movements of each. However, mitochondria, but not endosomes, preferentially localize to acetylated MTs. Thus, different ER dynamics may occur on distinct MT populations to establish or maintain contacts with different organelles.
The Vertical Distribution of Radon in Clear and Cloudy Daytime Terrestrial Boundary Layers (2010)

Abstract Radon (222Rn) is a powerful natural tracer of mixing and exchange processes in the atmospheric boundary layer. The authors present and discuss the main features of a unique dataset of 50 high-resolution vertical radon profiles up to 3500 m above ground level, obtained in clear and cloudy daytime terrestrial boundary layers over an inland rural site in Australia using an instrumented motorized research glider. It is demonstrated that boundary layer radon profiles frequently exhibit a complex layered structure as a result of mixing and exchange processes of varying strengths and extents working in clear and cloudy conditions within the context of the diurnal cycle and the synoptic meteorology. Normalized aircraft radon measurements are presented, revealing the characteristic structure and variability of three major classes of daytime boundary layer: 1) dry convective boundary layers, 2) mixed layers topped with residual layers, and 3) convective boundary layers topped with coupled nonprecipitating clouds. Robust and unambiguous signatures of important atmospheric processes in the boundary layer are identifiable in the radon profiles, including “top-down” mixing associated with entrainment in clear-sky cases and strongly enhanced venting and subcloud-layer mixing when substantial active cumulus are present. In poorly mixed conditions, radon gradients in the daytime atmospheric surface layer significantly exceed those predicted by Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. In two case studies, it is demonstrated for the first time that a sequence of vertical radon profiles measured over the course of a single day can consistently reproduce major structural features of the evolving boundary layer.
Exendin-(9-39) Is an Inverse Agonist of the Murine Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor: Implications for Basal Intracellular Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate Levels and  -Cell Glucose Competence (1998)

The effect of exendin-(9-39), a described antagonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, was evaluated on the formation of cAMP- and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by the conditionally immortalized murine betaTC-Tet cells. These cells have a basal intracellular cAMP level that can be increased by GLP-1 with an EC50 of approximately 1 nM and can be decreased dose dependently by exendin-(9-39). This latter effect was receptor dependent, as a beta-cell line not expressing the GLP-1 receptor was not affected by exendin-(9-39). It was also not due to the endogenous production of GLP-1, because this effect was observed in the absence of detectable preproglucagon messenger RNA levels and radioimmunoassayable GLP-1. Importantly, GSIS was shown to be sensitive to this basal level of cAMP, as perifusion of betaTC-Tet cells in the presence of exendin-(9-39) strongly reduced insulin secretion. This reduction of GSIS, however, was observed only with growth-arrested, not proliferating, betaTC-Tet cells; it was also seen with nontransformed mouse beta-cells perifused in similar conditions. These data therefore demonstrated that 1) exendin-(9-39) is an inverse agonist of the murine GLP-1 receptor; 2) the decreased basal cAMP levels induced by this peptide inhibit the secretory response of betaTC-Tet cells and mouse pancreatic islets to glucose; 3) as this effect was observed only with growth-arrested cells, this indicates that the mechanism by which cAMP leads to potentiation of insulin secretion is different in proliferating and growth-arrested cells; and 4) the presence of the GLP-1 receptor, even in the absence of bound peptide, is important for maintaining elevated intracellular cAMP levels and, therefore, the glucose competence of the beta-cells.
Extraction of parasitics within wire-bond IGBT modules (2002)

Parasitics are a major concern in design and layout of IGBT packages and power stages with both high switching speed and high power handling requirements. This paper presents the relationship between IGBT wire-bond package layout and its equivalent circuit parasitic inductance. It is shown that the dominant parasitic inductance inside the package mainly comes from the terminal leads. The parasitic inductance contributed by the wire-bonds is not a significant value. But the parasitic effects related to the closed coupling between the bonding wires causes several problems. They cause nonuniform current distribution between bonding wires, unbalanced transient current between paralleled IGBT chips in high power IGBT modules, as well as the mechanical stress on the connection joints induced by the magnetic fields. This phenomenon explains one of the wire-bonds' fatigue and failure mechanisms caused by the packaging parasitics. The analysis of packaging layout shows the possible options to reduce the parasitic inductance, alleviate the parasitic effects, and improve the module reliability.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (2020)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a type of a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta-peptide within the leptomeninges and small/medium-sized cerebral blood vessels. The amyloid deposition results in fragile vessels that may manifest in lobar intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). It may also present with cognitive impairments, incidental microbleeds, hemosiderosis, inflammatory leukoencephalopathy, Alzheimer disease, or transient neurological symptoms. It can occur in certain familial syndromes or can occur sporadically. Diagnosis is primarily made through a combination of clinical, pathological, and radiographic findings. However, a definitive diagnosis requires a postmortem examination of the brain. Currently, there are no disease-modifying treatments available. Prognosis is dependent on CAA presenting features, with worse outcomes in patients with large hematomas and older age.
Characterization of plant L-isoaspartyl methyltransferases that may be involved in seed survival: Purification, cloning, and sequence analysis of the wheat germ enzyme (1993)

Protein carboxyl methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.77) that catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to L-isoaspartyl and D-aspartyl residues in a variety of peptides and proteins are widely, but not universally, distributed in nature. These enzymes can participate in the repair of damaged proteins by facilitating the conversion of abnormal L-isoaspartyl residues to normal L-aspartyl residues. In this work, we have identified L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase activity in a variety of higher plant species and a green alga. Interestingly, the highest levels of methyltransferase were located in seeds, where the problem of spontaneous protein degradation may become particularly severe upon aging. The wheat germ methyltransferase was purified as a monomeric 28,000-Da species by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, reverse ammonium sulfate gradient solubilization, and gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme recognized a variety of L-isoaspartyl-containing peptides, but did not recognize two D-aspartyl-containing peptides that are substrates for the mammalian enzyme. The partial amino acid sequence was utilized to design oligonucleotides to isolate a full-length cDNA clone, pMBM1. Its nucleotide sequence demonstrated an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 230 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 24,710. This sequence shares 31% identity with the L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase from Escherichia coli and 50% identity with the L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl methyltransferase from human erythrocytes. Such conservation in sequence is consistent with a fundamental role of this enzyme in the metabolism of spontaneously damaged polypeptides.
Multihydroxyl End Functional Polyethylenes: Synthesis, Bulk and Interfacial Properties of Polymer Surfactants (2014)

Multihydroxyl end functional polyethylenes have been prepared with controlled molecular weight, microstructure, and functionalization. These materials, designed as interfacially active blend additives for polar interfaces, are thermally stable up to ∼250 °C and to have similar crystallinity and dynamics to their unfunctionalized homopolymer analogues. The polymers segregated strongly to silicon oxide interfaces, with adsorbed layers forming spontaneously at annealed polymer interfaces, having surface excess concentrations approaching 2Rg and a maximum areal density of approximately 0.6 adsorbed chains per nm2. This interfacial activity is achieved almost without detriment to the bulk physical properties of the polymer as evidenced by thermal analysis, quasi-elastic neutron scattering, and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). SANS experiments show little evidence for aggregation of the dihydroxyl functionalized polymers in blends with PE homopolymers, which is thought to explain why these additives have particularly strong interfacial adsorption, even at relatively high concentrations. A modest level of segregation of the additives to exposed blend surfaces was also seen, particularly when the additive molecular weight was significantly lower than that of the matrix. We attribute this to a combination of the relatively low molecular weight of the additives and the marginally lower surface energy associated with deuterated polymers.
Designing and Evaluating Livefonts (2017)

The emergence of personal computing devices offers both a challenge and opportunity for displaying text: small screens can be hard to read, but also support higher resolution. To fit content on a small screen, text must be small. This small text size can make computing devices unusable, in particular to low-vision users, whose vision is not correctable with glasses. Usability is also decreased for sighted users straining to read the small letters, especially without glasses at hand. We propose animated scripts called livefonts for displaying English with improved legibility for all users. Because paper does not support animation, traditional text is static. However, modern screens support animation, and livefonts capitalize on this capability. We evaluate our livefont variations' legibility through a controlled lab study with low-vision and sighted participants, and find our animated scripts to be legible across vision types at approximately half the size (area) of traditional letters, while previous smartfonts (static alternate scripts) did not show a significant legibility advantage for low-vision users. We evaluate the learnability of our livefont with low-vision and sighted participants, and find it to be comparably learnable to static smartfonts after two thousand practice sentences.
Dielectrophoretic trapping of single sub-micrometre scale bioparticles (1998)

The stable negative dielectrophoretic trapping of single sub-micrometre bioparticles is demonstrated. Single virus particles, capsids and latex spheres, with diameters in the range 93-250 nm, have been trapped. An estimate for the minimum size of particle that may be stably trapped against Brownian motion is made and the trapping characteristics used to estimate values for the dielectric properties of a virus.