gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of forward error correction in an ATM environment (1993)

The loss behavior of a cell multiplexer and the performance of forward error correction (FEC) for two homogeneous and one heterogeneous traffic scenarios are discussed. The loss behavior depends on the statistics of the source and on the traffic scenario. Simulation results indicate that the percentage of cells lost in a block is geometrically distributed. Using these results a mathematical model for the performance of FEC is developed, and the effectiveness of FEC for the three traffic scenarios is computed. It is shown that FEC is not effective for the two homogeneous scenarios. However, FEC reduces the loss rate for the video sources by several orders of magnitude for a heterogeneous scenario consisting of video and burst sources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY IN THE SYSTEM Ba-Y-Cu-O* (1987)

Preliminary phase equilibria diagrams are constructed for the binary systems BaO-{1/2}Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}, BaO-CuO{sub x}, {1/2}Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-CuO{sub x} and the ternary system BaO-{1/2}Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-CuO{sub x}. Some melting data are used to outline an approximate primary field for the phase responsible for high temperature superconductivity in this system, Ba{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x}. A discussion is given of the crystal chemistry of the phase(s) near the composition Ba{sub 3}YCu{sub 2}O{sub x}.
Infection by verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. (1989)

Verocytotoxin (VT)-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) are a newly recognized group of enteric pathogens which are increasingly being recognized as common causes of diarrhea in some geographic settings. Outbreak studies indicate that most patients with VTEC infection develop mild uncomplicated diarrhea. However, a significant risk of two serious and potentially life-threatening complications, hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome, makes VTEC infection a public health problem of serious concern. The main reservoirs of VTEC appear to be the intestinal tracts of animals, and foods of animal (especially bovine) origin are probably the principal sources for human infection. The term VT refers to a family of subunit exotoxins with high biological activity. Individual VTEC strains elaborate one or both of at least two serologically distinct, bacteriophage-mediated VTs (VT1 and VT2) which are closely related to Shiga toxin and are thus also referred to as Shiga-like toxins. The holotoxins bind to cells, via their B subunits, to a specific receptor which is probably the glycolipid, globotriosyl ceramide (Gb3). Binding is followed by internalization of the A subunit, which, after it is proteolytically nicked and reduced to the A1 fragment, inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells by inactivating 60S ribosomal subunits through selective structural modification of 28S ribosomal ribonucleic acid. The mechanism of VTEC diarrhea is still controversial, and the relative roles of locally acting VT and "attaching and effacing adherence" of VTEC to the mucosa have yet to be resolved. There is increasing evidence that hemolytic uremic syndrome and possibly hemorrhagic colitis result from the systemic action of VT on vascular endothelial cells. The role of antitoxic immunity in preventing the systemic complications of VTEC infection is being explored. Antibiotics appear to be contraindicated in the treatment of VTEC infection. The most common VTEC serotype associated with human disease is O157:H7, but over 50 different VT-positive O:H serotypes have now been identified. The best strategies for diagnosing human VTEC infection include testing for the presence of free VT in fecal filtrates and examining fecal cultures for VTEC by means of deoxyribonucleic acid probes that specify genes encoding VT1 and VT2. Both methods are currently confined to specialized laboratories and await commercial development for wider use. In the meantime, most laboratories should continue to screen for the most common human VTEC serotype, O157:H7, using a sorbitol-containing MacConkey medium.
A deterministic analysis of oversampled A/D conversion and Sigma Delta modulation (1993)

As an alternative to the usual statistical analysis, the authors present a purely deterministic analysis of oversampled A/D (analog-to-digital) conversion and sigma-delta modulation, which requires no assumption on the quantizer error. This leads to the notion of a consistent estimate for the decoding, which is a necessary condition for optimality. Algorithms using convex projections are discussed and the reduction of decoding error from SiO(R/sup -(2n+1)/)to SiO(SiR/sup -(2n+2)/) (where R is the oversampling ratio and n is the order of the encoder) is demonstrated experimentally for multiloop and multistage sigma-delta modulators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Amination of 2,6‐ and 2,7‐Naphthyridine. An NMR study on σ‐Adducts of heterocyclic systems with amide ions (1981)

Abstract A facile synthesis of 2,6‐naphthyridine is described. Both 2,6‐ and 2,7‐naphthyridine undergo with potassium amide under kinetically and thermodynamically controlled conditions σ‐adduct formation at position 1. Chichibabin amination of 2,6‐naphthyridine yields 1‐amino‐2,6‐naphthyridine in 54% yield.
Growth of Crystalline SrTiO<sub>3</sub> Films on Si Substrates Using Thin Fluoride Buffer Layers and Their Electrical Properties (1994)

Strontium titanate ( SrTiO 3 : STO) films were grown epitaxially on Si (111) and (100) substrates using thin SrF 2 buffer layers. The SrF 2 buffer layer was used for preventing the formation of an amorphous SiO 2 layer on the Si substrate during deposition of an STO film. It was found from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis that well (110)-oriented STO films were grown on Si(111) substrates by a two-step growth method, in which a thin (8 nm thick) STO film was predeposited on the SrF 2 buffer layer at 450°C and a thick (80 nm thick) STO film was successively deposited at 750°C. It was also found from XRD and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) measurements that the SrF 2 buffer layer was completely dissolved during STO film deposition at 750°C, and no fluorine (F) atoms existed in the buffer layer. The epitaxial relationship on Si(111) substrates revealed by X-ray pole figure measurements was (110) S T O //(111) S i and <110> S T O //<112> S i , while that on Si(100) substrates was (100) S T O //(100) S i and <110> S T O //<110> S i or <110> S T O //<100> S i . Concerning the electrical properties of STO films, the best values of breakdown field (at 1 µ A/cm 2 ), resistivity (at 1 MV/cm), and relative dielectric constant were 2.3 MV/cm, 8.2×10 12 Ω· cm and 72, respectively.
Chlorination of hydrogen-terminated silicon (111) surfaces (2005)

Infrared absorption spectroscopy was used to investigate the chlorination of hydrogen-terminated Si111 surfaces by three different methods: a exposure to a saturated solution of phosphorus pentachloride PCl 5 in chlorobenzene; b exposure to chlorine gas, Cl 2 g, and c exposure to Cl 2 g under UV illumination. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and first principles model clusters calculations were used to explore the structure and dynamics of these surfaces. The infrared spectra exhibited sharp chlorine-related vibrations at 586 and 527 cm -1 . The narrow full width at half maximum of these vibrations for all three preparation methods indicated that all functionalization schemes produced a nearly complete monolayer of Cl with little surface roughening or introduction of step edges. The 527 cm -1 mode was at a much higher frequency than might be expected for the bending vibration of Si monochloride. Theoretical calculations show, however, that this vibration involves the displacement of the top Si atom parallel to the surface, subject to a relatively stiff potential, shifting its frequency to a value fairly close to that of the Si-Cl stretching mode on a Si111 surface.
Polyindolo[3,2-<i>b</i>]carbazoles:  A New Class of p-Channel Semiconductor Polymers for Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2006)

The synthesis and field-effect transistor (FET) properties of a novel class of indolocarbazole-based conjugated polymers, poly(indolo[3,2-b]carbazole)s, are described. Dehalogenative coupling polymerization of dichloroindolo[3,2-b]carbazoles with Zn/NiCl2/PPh3/2.2‘-dipyridil gave the corresponding poly(indolo[3,2-b]carbazole)s, while oxidative coupling polymerization of indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles with FeCl3 proceeded regioselectively, affording poly(indolo[3,2-b]carbazole-2,8-diyl)s. Crystallization and optical properties of these polymers were different, depending on the regiochemistry of backbone linkages and peripheral substitutions. Thin film transistor devices using these polymer semiconductors exhibited p-channel FET behavior, dictated predominantly by nature of substitution and backbone linkages (2,8- or 3,9-linkage). Solution-processed polyindolo[3,2-b]carbazole thin-film semiconductors obtained from FeCl3 polymerization generally provided better FET performance.
Stereoselective Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters (2005)

Abstract Quaternary stereocenters are a particular challenge for stereoselective synthesis. With a central view on this specific structural issue, selected examples from the recent literature are highlighted in order to evaluate the state of the art of asymmetric CC bond formation. The review is divided into sections on addition and substitution reactions, rearrangements and cycloaddition reactions.
The expression of glucocorticoid receptor is negatively regulated by active androgen receptor signaling in prostate tumors (2014)

The glucocorticoid and androgen receptors (GR and AR) can commonly regulate up to 50% of their target genes in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. GR expression is stimulated by castration therapy, which has been proposed to be one mechanism that compensates for AR signaling blockade and promotes castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) progression. However, whether GR functions as a driver for CRPC or a marker reflecting AR activity remains unclear. Here, we applied PCa tissue microarrays to show that GR protein levels were elevated by castration therapy, but reduced to pre-castration levels when tumors were at the CRPC stage. Using subrenal capsule xenograft models, we showed that GR expression was inversely correlated with AR and PSA expressions. GR expression levels are not associated with tumor invasion and metastasis phenotypes. In castration-resistant C4-2 xenografts expressing AR shRNA, regressing tumors induced by AR knockdown expressed higher levels of GR and lower levels of PSA than non-regressing tumors. Immunoblotting and real-time PCR assays further showed that AR knockdown or AR antagonists increased GR expression at both mRNA and protein levels. ChIP combined with DNA sequencing techniques identified a negative androgen responsive element (nARE) 160K base pairs upstream of the GR gene. Gel shift assays confirmed that AR directly interacted with the nARE and luciferase assays demonstrated that the nARE could mediate transcription repression by ligand-activated AR. In conclusion, GR expression is negatively regulated by AR signaling and may serve as a marker for AR signaling in prostate tumors.
Ladder Oligo(<i>p</i>-phenylenevinylene)s with Silicon and Carbon Bridges (2005)

A general and versatile synthetic method for ladder oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)s (LOPVs) and related pi-electron systems, having annelated pi-conjugated structures with silicon and carbon bridges, has been developed on the basis of the combination of two cyclization reactions, i.e. the intramolecular reductive cyclization of (o-silylphenyl)acetylene derivatives and the Friedel-Crafts-type cyclization. This methodology allows us to synthesize a homologous series of the ladder molecules up to a 13-ring-fused system. The crystal structural analysis of the longest 13-ring-fused LOPV proves its nearly flat pi-conjugated framework with a length of ca. 2.9 nm. All the produced ladder pi-electron systems show intense fluorescence in the visible region with high quantum yields as well as relatively small Stokes shifts.
Immunoassay Methods and their Applications in Pharmaceutical Analysis: Basic Methodology and Recent Advances (2006)

Immunoassays are bioanalytical methods in which the quantitation of the analyte depends on the reaction of an antigen (analyte) and an antibody. Immunoassays have been widely used in many important areas of pharmaceutical analysis such as diagnosis of diseases, therapeutic drug monitoring, clinical pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies in drug discovery and pharmaceutical industries. The importance and widespread of immunoassay methods in pharmaceutical analysis are attributed to their inherent specificity, high-throughput, and high sensitivity for the analysis of wide range of analytes in biological samples. Recently, marked improvements were achieved in the field of immunoassay development for the purposes of pharmaceutical analysis. These improvements involved the preparation of the unique immunoanalytical reagents, analysis of new categories of compounds, methodology, and instrumentation. The basic methodologies and recent advances in immunoassay methods applied in different fields of pharmaceutical analysis have been reviewed.
Reconstructing 3D point clouds in real time with look-up tables for structured light scanning along both horizontal and vertical directions (2019)

By scanning static, not moving, objects along both the horizontal and vertical axes instead of one, structured light illumination achieves more accurate and robust 3D surface reconstructions but with greater latency on computing 3D point clouds. If scanning is performed along only one axis, it has been reported that look-up tables, manually derived from the calibration matrices of a camera and a projector, can significantly help to speed up computation; however, it has been nearly impossible to manually derive similar look-up tables for phases scanned along two axes. In this Letter, we bridge this divide by introducing the constraint of epipolar geometry to automatically compute look-up tables and thus, significantly speed up computing 3D point clouds with only basic arithmetic operations rather than time-consuming matrix computations. Experimental results show that the proposed method, using only single-thread CPU computing, reduces process latency by an order of magnitude.
Circulating Form of Human Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1): Increased Serum Levels in Inflammatory Liver Diseases (1998)

Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a dimeric 170-kDa endothelial transmembrane molecule that under normal conditions is most strongly expressed on the high endothelial venules of peripheral lymph nodes and on hepatic endothelia. It is a glycoprotein that mediates tissue-selective lymphocyte adhesion in a sialic acid-dependent manner. In this study, we report the detection of a soluble form of VAP-1 in circulation. We developed a quantitative sandwich ELISA using novel anti-VAP-1 mAbs and used it to determine the levels of soluble VAP-1 (sVAP-1) in the serum of healthy individuals and in patients with inflammatory diseases. In healthy persons, circulating sVAP-1 concentrations were 49 to 138 ng/ml. Immunoblotting studies revealed that the apparent molecular mass of dimeric sVAP-1 is slightly (approximately 10 kDa) higher than that of transmembrane VAP-1 under nonreducing conditions. In contrast, the electrophoretic mobilities of monomeric sVAP-1 and transmembrane VAP-1 were similar after reduction and boiling. Adhesion assays showed that the circulating sVAP-1 modulates lymphocyte binding to endothelial cells. Inflammation can cause an elevation of serum sVAP-1 levels, because sVAP-1 concentrations in patients with certain liver diseases were two- to fourfold higher than those in normal individuals. In contrast, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases were not associated with elevated levels of sVAP-1. These findings indicate that there is a functionally active, soluble form of VAP-1 in circulation and suggest that the serum level of sVAP-1 might be a useful marker of disease activity in inflammatory liver diseases.
Accelerograms for Dynamic Analysis under the New Australian Standard for Earthquake Actions (2005)

The new Australian Standard for Earthquake Actions requires buildings exceeding 50 m in height and located in areas with hazard factor of Z ≥ 0.08 (which applies to most capital cities including Canberra, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth) to be designed for earthquake actions based on dynamic analyses. This paper presents a methodology for generating and using artificial accelerograms for obtaining site-specific design response spectra, which could be used for dynamic analyses. This time-history analysis approach of determining earthquake actions can result in more efficient designs in comparison with using response spectra specified by the Standard. An ensemble of accelerograms simulated for both rock and soil conditions are available in an electronic file named: “accelerograms for public access.xls” which can be downloaded free from the journal website for shared usage by all. The accelerogram file also contains listing of the baseline corrected displacement time-histories which are required for input into shaking table experiments and certain seismic simulation programs.
Development of Miniature Loop Heat Pipes for the Thermal Control of Laptops (2008)

Thermal management of laptops is becoming increasingly challenging task due to the high heat flux associated with the microprocessors and limited available space for the integration of the thermal control device inside the cabinet. In this paper, results from the investigation of two different designs of miniature Loop Heat Pipe (mLHP) for thermal control of compact electronic devices including notebooks have been discussed. Two prototypes of mLHP, one with a disk shaped evaporator of 30 mm in diameter and 10 mm thick, and the other with a rectangular shaped evaporator of 45×35 mm2 planar area and 5 mm thick, were designed to handle heat fluxes of up to 50 W/cm2. Total thermal resistance of these mLHPs lies in the range of 1 to 5 °C/W. In addition to this, two new designs of the mLHP pertaining to enhance the heat transfer inside the evaporation zone and to develop the loop evaporator with thickness as small as 3 mm are discussed. In conclusions, the designed mLHPs were able to satisfy the thermal and design requirements of the current laptop equipments and can be classified as potential candidates for cooling of the compact electronic devices with restricted space and high heat flux chipsets.
Highly Stretchable Superhydrophobic Composite Coating Based on Self‐Adaptive Deformation of Hierarchical Structures (2017)

With the rapid development of stretchable electronics, functional textiles, and flexible sensors, water-proof protection materials are required to be built on various highly flexible substrates. However, maintaining the antiwetting of superhydrophobic surface under stretching is still a big challenge since the hierarchical structures at hybridized micro-nanoscales are easily damaged following large deformation of the substrates. This study reports a highly stretchable and mechanically stable superhydrophobic surface prepared by a facile spray coating of carbon black/polybutadiene elastomeric composite on a rubber substrate followed by thermal curing. The resulting composite coating can maintain its superhydrophobic property (water contact angle ≈170° and sliding angle <4°) at an extremely large stretching strain of up to 1000% and can withstand 1000 stretching-releasing cycles without losing its superhydrophobic property. Furthermore, the experimental observation and modeling analysis reveal that the stable superhydrophobic properties of the composite coating are attributed to the unique self-adaptive deformation ability of 3D hierarchical roughness of the composite coating, which delays the Cassie-Wenzel transition of surface wetting. In addition, it is first observed that the damaged coating can automatically recover its superhydrophobicity via a simple stretching treatment without incorporating additional hydrophobic materials.
Latent common manifold learning with alternating diffusion: analysis and applications (2016)

The analysis of data sets arising from multiple sensors has drawn significant research attention over the years. Traditional methods, including kernel-based methods, are typically incapable of capturing nonlinear geometric structures. We introduce a latent common manifold model underlying multiple sensor observations for the purpose of multimodal data fusion. A method based on alternating diffusion is presented and analyzed; we provide theoretical analysis of the method under the latent common manifold model. To exemplify the power of the proposed framework, experimental results in several applications are reported.
Notch signaling mediates G1/S cell-cycle progression in T cells via cyclin D3 and its dependent kinases (2008)

Notch signaling plays a role in normal lymphocyte development and function. Activating Notch1-mutations, leading to aberrant downstream signaling, have been identified in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). While this highlights the contribution of Notch signaling to T-ALL pathogenesis, the mechanisms by which Notch regulates proliferation and survival in normal and leukemic T cells are not fully understood. Our findings identify a role for Notch signaling in G(1)-S progression of cell cycle in T cells. Here we show that expression of the G(1) proteins, cyclin D3, CDK4, and CDK6, is Notch-dependent both in vitro and in vivo, and we outline a possible mechanism for the regulated expression of cyclin D3 in activated T cells via CSL (CBF-1, mammals; suppressor of hairless, Drosophila melanogaster; Lag-1, Caenorhabditis elegans), as well as a noncanonical Notch signaling pathway. While cyclin D3 expression contributes to cell-cycle progression in Notch-dependent human T-ALL cell lines, ectopic expression of CDK4 or CDK6 together with cyclin D3 shows partial rescue from gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI)-induced G(1) arrest in these cell lines. Importantly, cyclin D3 and CDK4 are highly overexpressed in Notch-dependent T-cell lymphomas, justifying the combined use of cell-cycle inhibitors and GSI in treating human T-cell malignancies.
Biodisponibilidad y metabolismo de los compuestos (2011)

There is increasing evidence that phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oils are partly responsible for the health benefits associated with habitual consumption of virgin olive oil, as part of a Mediterranean diet. Moreover, it is well known that the biological properties of virgin olive oil phenolics depend on their bioavailability and metabolization in the gastrointestinal tract, being essential to know the structural form of circulating olive oil polyphenols available to target tissues, in order to obtain more detailed information about their mechanism of action in vivo.
Therefore, a brief review of the bioaccesibility in gastrointestinal
conditions, together with the study of intestinal transport and metabolism in Caco-2 cells, and liver metabolism in HepG2 cells of hydroxytyrosol and its conjugated form present in virgin olive oil, hydroxytyrosyl acetate, is offered.
A handheld fluorometer for measuring cellular metabolism (2008)

We demonstrate the application of a handheld fluorometer optimized for UV excitable assays. We demonstrate the measurement of metabolic products as yeast cells germinate in dextrose solution. In particular we measure NADH which is produced during cellular respiration. The handheld fluorometer consists of a CMOS active pixel sensor with in-pixel CDS, coupled with a custom chromophore-polymer emission filter and a UV LED as the excitation source. The handheld fluorometer is able to detect as little as 10 µM of NADH, and in its present format should be applicable to any fluorescence assay with UV excitation and visible emission wavelengths.