gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
490. Complex compounds of ditertiary phosphines and arsines with nickel(0) and palladium(0) (1962)

J. Chatt, F. A. Hart and H. R. Watson, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 2537 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620002537
<i>Fasciola hepatica</i>: rapid switching of stage‐specific antigen expression after infection (1996)

Early developmental stages of the trematode parasite Fasciola hepatica were collected from the peritoneal cavity and liver of mice during a ten day infection period. Using one dimensional SDS-PAGE, differences in protein expression profiles were observed in stages collected on the same day post-infection in different physiological locations and also in juvenile parasites collected from the same location on different days post-infection. Four rat monoclonal antibodies were raised against the parasite using lymph nodes draining infected tissues. Three monoclonal antibodies, FY3-1, FY3-2 and FY4-7, were generated using cells from the mesenteric lymph node of recently challenged immune rats, while FY1-6 was derived from hepatic lymph node cells of a chronically infected rat. The epitope recognized by FY3-2 appeared to be carbohydrate in nature and was present on the surface of newly excysted juveniles. Immunoblots revealed that the antigens recognized by FY3-1, FY3-2 and FY4-7 were only expressed for two days after infection. In contrast, FY1-6 recognized epitopes expressed across all developmental stages screened. The rapid changes in protein and antigen expression observed during the early stages of infection may assist the parasite to evade the host immune response.
[Experimental anti-arrhythmic effects of a new beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, dl-l-(tert. butylamino)-3-[(2-propinyloxy)phenoxy]2-propanol hydrochloride (dl Kö 1400-Cl)]. (1976)

Antiarrhythmic property of a new adrenergic beta-blocking agent, dl-1-(tert.butylamino)-3[(2-propinyloxy) phenoxy]-2-propanol hydrochloride (Kö 1400-Cl) was studied, using 1) ouabain-induced arrhythmia in the guinea pig, 2) aconitine-induced arrhythmia in the rat, 3) arrhythmia induced by two-step ligation of coronary artery (Harris's method) in the dog and 4) halothane-adrenaline arrhythmia in the dog and was compared with those of propranolol, oxprenolol, procainamide and ajmaline. Procainamide and ajmaline produced a marked protective effect against aconitine-induced ventricular extrasystole, but were not so effective against aconitine-induced ventricular fibrillation, while oxprenolol and, to a lesser degree, propranolol were effective against the latter type of aconitine arrhythmias. Kö 1400-Cl proved to be ineffective. All the compounds tested produced a marked protective action against ouabain-arrhythmia. Whereas procainamide was most effective in abolishing the ventricular arrhythmia due to coronary-ligation even on the first postoperative day, Kö 1400-Cl and propranolol were almost ineffective on the first day. Even on the second postoperative day, the antiarrhythmic effects of these two beta-blockers were not remarkable, effective only in 2/4 animals in the case of Kö 1400-Cl and in 2/3 animals in the case of propranolol. On the contrary, all the beta-blockers tested produced a protective action against halothane-adrenaline arrhythmia at much lower doses than against coronary ligation arrhythmia. The potency ratio of Kö 1400-Cl and propranolol was 3 : 1, which paralleled with beta-blocking activity of these compounds.
Nitroglycal Concatenation: A Broadly Applicable and Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of Complex O-Glycans (2001)

Base-catalyzed glycosylations provide the basis for a new and general entry to the synthesis of mucin-type O-glycans. The desired α-linked 2-acetamidoglycosyl amino acids B are accessible selectively starting from glycals of type A. Fmoc=9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl.
Electric-field-induced impact ionization of excitons in GaN and GaN/AlGaN quantum wells (2001)

Impact ionization of exciton states in epitaxial GaN films and GaN/AlGaN quantum-well structures was studied. The study was done using an optical method based on the observation of exciton photoluminescence quenching under application of an electric field. It was established that electron scattering on impurities dominates over that from acoustic phonons in electron relaxation in energy and momentum. The mean free path of the hot electrons was estimated. The hot-electron mean free path in GaN/AlGaN quantum wells was found to be an order of magnitude larger than that in epitaxial GaN films, which is due to the electron scattering probability being lower in the two-dimensional case.
Stresses and Displacements in a Cross-Anisotropic Soil (1963)

Synopsis The cross-anisotropic elastic half-space, with isotropy as a special case, is suggested as an improved mathematical model of natural soil deposits. A solution by Michell is modified to produce the important stresses and displacements in terms of the five elastic constants required to define cross-anisotropy. Where the exact expression for stress is strongly dependent on the values of Poisson's ratios, and hence of doubtful practical value in soil mechanics, an approximate expression is suggested. It is shown that expressions for surface settlement can be easily modified to include anisotropy. Consideration of the type of anisotropy existing various undisturbed soils indicates that anisotropy contributes to the over-estimation of settlements overconsolidated clays, and is partly responsible for the observed stress distribution in sand. Le semi espace élastique anisotropique simultané, en traitant l'isotropie comme un cas spécial, est proposé comme modèle mathématique amélioré des dépots de sol naturel. Une solution par Michell est modifiée pour exprimer les tensions et déplacements importants selon les cinq constantes élastiques nécessaires pour déterminer l'anisotropie simultanée. Lorsque l'expression exacte sur la tension dépend largement des valeurs des coefficients de Poisson, et par conséquent d'une valeur pratique douteuse en mécanique des sols, on propose de l'exprimer d'une manière approximative. On montre que pour exprimer les tassements de surface on peut facilement faire les modifications afin de comprendre l'anisotropie. L'étude du type d'anisotropie existant dans divers sols non remaniés indique que l'anisotropie contribue à la survaluation des tassements dans les argiles surconsolidés, et qu'elle est partiellement responsable de la distribution de tension observée dans le sable.
A Secure DVB Set-Top Box via Trusting Computing Technologies (2009)

rdquoThis paper presents a very natural "killer applcation" of modern Commercially Off The Shelf (COTS) available Trusted Computing technologies. The application which we propose is a secure and cost optimized DVB Set-top Box. Our respective reference architecture is exclusively build upon such COTS Trusted Computing technologies and completely avoids the use of any proprietary and thus expensive hardware. Particularly, we will use an orchestration of the following TC concepts from the PC field and standardized by the Trusted Computing Group: Secure Boot, Remote Attestation, Trusted Channels, Virtualization for Domain Isolation, and the Trusted Platform Module (TPM). The Trusted Domain Isolation concept (as realized through Trusted Virtualization) allows the simple subscription to different Service Providers (SP) without the need of any SP-specific hardware requirements. The vast computing power of modern CPU architectures allows for the pure software virtualization of any SP-proprietary hardware. In addition to that isolation concept, the novel hardware assisted security ingredients of modern CPUs allow in combination with the TPM for a verifiable evidence of a tamper-free execution environment for the different SP's. I.e., at all times during the execution of a SP's "virtual set-top box", the respective SP is able to remotely request an attestation of the whole execution platform and ensure its fundamental system integrity. This attestation proves either that no "malicous platform tampering" or "unintended platform use" is happening, or in case that it fails, it gives the SP the possibility to deny further services by simply cutting the content delivery channel. Thus, at all times we can guarantee the various SP's strong security assurances. Moreover, the nowadays very well understood and very efficient (even real-time capable!) virtualization concept allows a simple and efficient migration of different SP architectures to such a universal DVB Set-top Box. In some cases a simple binary migration with only little modifications might be possible. Also, our architecture inherently supports the easy integration of an open but strongly isolated user partition, thus allowing the user for a kind of his own PC within his home TV and Set-top Box combination. Moreover, this also allows for an elegant realization of very recent initiatives aiming to merge the home TV experience with the full Web experience (e.g. See'N'Search [27]). In addition to being a very natural killer application of such Trusted Computing.
Applications of Supercritical Fluids (2010)

This review discusses supercritical fluids in industrial and near-to-industry applications. Supercritical fluids are flexible tools for processing materials. Supercritical fluids have been applied to mass-transfer processes, phase-transition processes, reactive systems, materials-related processes, and nanostructured materials. Some applications are already at industrial capacity, whereas others remain under development. In addition to extraction, application areas include impregnation and cleaning, multistage countercurrent separation, particle formation, coating, and reactive systems such as hydrogenation, biomass gasification, and supercritical water oxidation. Polymers are modified with supercritical fluids, and colloids and emulsions as well as nanostructured materials exhibit interesting phenomena when in contact with supercritical fluids that can be industrially exploited. For these applications to succeed, the properties of supercritical fluids in combination with the materials processed must be clearly determined and fundamental knowledge of the complex behavior must be made readily available.
Beclin 1 self‐association is independent of autophagy induction by amino acid deprivation and rapamycin treatment (2010)

Autophagy, a process of self-digestion of cellular constituents, regulates the balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. Beclin 1 represents an important component of the autophagic machinery. It interacts with proteins that positively regulate autophagy, such as Vps34, UVRAG, and Ambra1, as well as with anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 via its BH3-like domain to negatively regulate autophagy. Thus, Beclin 1 interactions with several proteins may regulate autophagy. To identify novel Beclin 1 interacting proteins, we utilized a GST-Beclin 1 fusion protein. Using mass spectroscopic analysis, we identified Beclin 1 as a protein that interacts with GST-Beclin 1. Further examination by cross linking and co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that Beclin 1 self-interacts and that the coiled coil and the N-terminal region of Beclin 1 contribute to its oligomerization. Importantly, overexpression of vps34, UVRAG, or Bcl-x(L), had no effect on Beclin 1 self-interaction. Moreover, this self-interaction was independent of autophagy induction by amino acid deprivation or rapamycin treatment. These results suggest that full-length Beclin 1 is a stable oligomer under various conditions. Such an oligomer may provide a platform for further protein-protein interactions.
Análisis de la comprensión de la derivada desde el enfoque gráfico en estudiantes de nivel superior (2018)

Se reporta el análisis sobre la comprensión de la derivada desde un enfoque gráfico en estudiantes de nivel superior. El propósito es indagar sobre cómo los estudiantes interpretan lo gráfico y analítico de este concepto. Nuestra revisión sustenta que el problema de estas interpretaciones radica por la centración en fórmulas y técnicas de derivación sin relacionarlas con su aspecto visual. Para ello se adaptó un cuestionario de actividades para identificar en nuestra institución cómo el estudiante comprende gráficamente la derivada. El resultado muestra que los estudiantes tienen dificultades en la interpretación y comprensión desde un enfoque gráfico; además, la existencia de un error que se repite a lo reportado en nuestra revisión a pesar de ser de diferentes contextos académicos.
Characterization of Nanothermite Material for Solid-Fuel Microthruster Applications (2009)

Nanothermite composites containing metallic fuel and inorganic oxidizer have unique combustion properties that make them potentially useful for microthruster applications. The thrust-generating characteristics of copper oxide/aluminum nanothermites have been investigated. The mixture was tested in various quantities (9―38 mg) by pressing the material over a range of densities. The testing was done in two different types of thrust motors: one with no nozzle and one with a convergent―divergent nozzle. As the packing density was varied, it was found that the material exhibited two distinct impulse characteristics. At low packing pressure, the combustion was in the fast regime, and the resulting thrust forces were ∼75 N with a duration of less than 50 μs full width at half-maximum. At high density, the combustion was relatively slow and the thrust forces were 3―5 N with a duration 1.5―3 ms. In both regimes, the specific impulse generated by the material was 20―25 s. The specific impulse and short thrust duration created by this unique nanothermite material makes it promising for micropropulsion applications, in which space is limited.
Physics-Based Vision: Principles and Practice (1993)

Commentaries by the editors to this comprehensive anthology in the area of physics-based vision put the papers in perspective and guide the reader to a thorough understanding of the basics of the field. Paper Topics Include: - Shape from Shading - Photometric Stereo - Shape Recovery from Specular Reflection - Shape Recovery from Interreflection - S
Developments in the management of Chagas cardiomyopathy (2015)

Over 100 years have elapsed since the discovery of Chagas disease and there is still much to learn regarding pathogenesis and treatment. Although there are antiparasitic drugs available, such as benznidazole and nifurtimox, they are not totally reliable and often toxic. A recently released negative clinical trial with benznidazole in patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy further reinforces the concerns regarding its effectiveness. New drugs and new delivery systems, including those based on nanotechnology, are being sought. Although vaccine development is still in its infancy, the reality of a therapeutic vaccine remains a challenge. New ECG methods may help to recognize patients prone to developing malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The management of heart failure, stroke and arrhythmias also remains a challenge. Although animal experiments have suggested that stem cell based therapy may be therapeutic in the management of heart failure in Chagas cardiomyopathy, clinical trials have not been promising.
Spiral Computed Tomography Is Comparable to Angiography for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism (2000)

The use of spiral computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism has been compared to angiography, the current gold standard. However, the accuracy of pulmonary angiography has never been evaluated against an independent gold standard. The aim of this study was to compare contrast-enhanced spiral CT to pulmonary angiography for the detection of subsegmental-sized pulmonary emboli by using a methacrylate cast of porcine pulmonary vessels as an independent gold standard. We studied 16 anesthetized, juvenile pigs and injected colored methacrylate beads (3.8 mm, small; 4.2 mm, large) via the jugular vein. After embolization spiral CT (3 mm and 1 mm collimation), and pulmonary angiography were performed. Pigs were killed and the pulmonary arterial tree was cast using methacrylate. Spiral CT and angiography were interpreted independently by two radiologists. Sensitivity and 95% confidence intervals for 3 mm and 1 mm collimation CT and angiography, respectively, were: 82% (73 to 88%), 87% (79 to 93%), 87% (79 to 93%) (p = 0.42). Positive predictive values and 95% confidence intervals for 3 mm and 1 mm collimation CT and angiography, respectively, were: 94% (86 to 94%), 81% (73 to 88%), and 88% (80 to 93%). There was no difference between spiral CT and angiography for detection of subsegmental-sized pulmonary emboli. We conclude that spiral CT is comparable to angiography for detection of pulmonary emboli.
A do-it-yourself protocol for simple transcription activator-like effector assembly (2013)

We established and validated a do-it-yourself system that enables individual researchers to assemble TALENs and TALE-TFs within 2 days. The simplified TALE assembly combined with multiple choices of vectors will facilitate the broad use of TALE technology.
Evolvable hardware: from on-chip circuit synthesis to evolvable space systems (2002)

Evolvable Hardware (EHW) refers to HW design and self-reconfiguration using evolutionary/genetic mechanisms. The paper presents an overview of some key concepts of EHW, comments on selected applications, and presents a perspective on the development of the field. A fine-grained Field Programmable Transistor Array (FPTA) architecture for reconfigurable hardware is presented as an example of an initial effort toward evolution-oriented devices. Evolutionary experiments in simulations and with a FPTA chip in-the-loop demonstrate automatic synthesis of electronic circuits. Unconventional circuits, for which there are no textbook design guidelines, are particularly appealing to evolvable hardware. To illustrate this situation, one demonstrates here the evolution of circuits implementing parametrical connectives for fuzzy logics. In addition to synthesizing circuits for new functions, evolvable hardware can be used to preserve existing functions and achieve fault-tolerance, determining circuit configurations that circumvent the faults. These characteristics are extremely important for enabling spacecraft to survive harsh environments and to have long life. Expanding reconfiguration to other types of spacecraft hardcore (i.e. optics, MEMS, etc.) could lead to evolvable space systems.
An Asynchronous Messaging Library for C (2005)

We present the design of a small number of application level communication coordination constructs which can be hierarchically combined to allow the expression of sophisticated and flexible communication patterns. We are able to express join patterns found in languages like Comega by providing a library based implementation rather than making language extensions. We go beyond the joins in Comega to show how dynamically constructed joins can be implemented. We also demonstrate other communication coordination patterns for expressing choice and single writer and multiple reader scenarios. We believe that this experimental framework provides a useful workbench for investigating concurrency idioms which might be candidates for language level constructs. 1.
Transcription of a human U6 small nuclear RNA gene<i>in vivo</i>withstands deletion of intragenic sequences but not of an upetream TATATA box (1989)

Most eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III contain internal control regions. U6 small nuclear RNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III but are unusual in that, at least in vitro, their expression does not require intragenic sequences. Here we show that this is true as well in vivo. A human U6 gene devoid of all but the first 6 and last 10 base-pairs was expressed efficiently after transfection into human 293 cells. We also report data extending the previous identification of 5' flanking sequences important for human U6 gene transcription. Deletion-substitution of a 10 base-pair upstream sequence encompassing the TATATA element (-29 to -24) abolished U6 transcription. A double point mutation in the middle of this element (TATATA-TAGCTA) reduced U6 transcription but not to the extent brought about by TATATA deletion-substitution. These results establish that, in vivo, transcription of human U6 small nuclear RNA is independent of intragenic sequences between nucleotides 6 and 98, and requires the upstream TATATA box.
Schizophrenia. (2012)

In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: amisulpride, chlorpromazine, clozapine, depot haloperidol decanoate, haloperidol, olanzapine, pimozide, quetiapine, risperidone, sulpiride, ziprasidone, zotepine, aripiprazole, sertindole, paliperidone, flupentixol, depot flupentixol decanoate, zuclopenthixol, depot zuclopenthixol decanoate, behavioural therapy, clozapine, compliance therapy, first-generation antipsychotic drugs in treatment-resistant people, multiple-session family interventions, psychoeducational interventions, and second-generation antipsychotic drugs in treatment-resistant people.
An Integrated Environment for Designing Object Oriented Enterprise Models (1993)

S.131-140
Direct Observation and Analysis of Annealing-Induced Microstructure at Interface and Its Effect on Performance Improvement of Organic Thin Film Transistors (2008)

For the first time direct observation and analysis of microstructural variations of crystalline domains and grain boundaries at atomic scale in the buried interface of an organic semiconductor thin film of poly(2,6-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)dithieno[3,2- b;2',3'- d]thiophene) (PBTDT), a new synthesized solution-processed polymer is achieved for demonstrating a different network nanostructure of crystalline nanofibers at the interface from the outside surface of the film observed. It is also discovered that structural variations of crystalline domains and grain boundaries at an atomic scale caused by annealing, which include larger domains with enhanced crystallinity, reduced pi-pi stacking distance, reduced disorders in the grain boundaries, and small tilt-angle boundaries well explain the significant performance improvement of the PBTDT based organic thin film transistor (OTFT) after annealing. This work provides a highly resolutioned image on the microstructures at an organic semiconducting interface for deep scientific insights of the OTFT performance improvement through microstructure optimization.