gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-grade liquid silicone injections as a penile enhancement procedure: Is bigger better? (2012)

To report our experience with 5 cases of complications of penile enhancement procedures secondary to liquid silicone injections and our method of management of its debilitating effects. All five patients were treated with excision of penile shaft skin down to buck's fascia followed by resurfacing with split thickness skin grafting. We conclude that penile enhancement procedures with liquid silicone by non-medical personnel could result in devastating consequences. We also demonstrate that a simple method of excision of the entire penile shaft skin and resurfacing with split skin grafting showed improvement in cosmetic as well as functional outcome.
Investigation of Surface Properties of Ultrafine Particles by Application of a Multistep Condensation Nucleus Counter (1990)

The fate of atmospheric ultrafine particles is determined by their size, chemical composition, and especially by their physical and chemical surface properties. To characterize the surface of ultrafine particles, their behavior as condensation nuclei can be used. Monodisperse ultra-fine particles with different surface structures were investigated by observing the onset of droplet formation at a fixed electrical mobility diameter. Droplet growth was detected by application of a multistep condensation nucleus counter (CNC). The particles were generated under well-controlled conditions and monodisperse fractions were obtained using an electrostatic classifier. For studying the influence of changes in the surface structure, ultrafine sulfuric acid droplets were coated with different organic materials. Different surface films required different supersaturations for droplet growth depending on the molecular structure and layer thickness of the material used for coating. Therefore it was concluded that certain compounds, enriched on the particle surface, affect condensation of water vapor in such a way that higher supersaturations are required in comparison to the particle core material. Additionally, it was observed that remarkably high supersaturations of water vapor were required for condensation on particles consisting of the following materials: metals, carbon, and Aerosil (spherical silica particles).
Ion Implantation for Poly-Si Passivated Back-Junction Back-Contacted Solar Cells (2015)

We study ion implantation for patterned doping of back-junction back-contacted solar cells with polycrystalline- monocrystalline Si junctions. In particular, we investigate the concept of counterdoping, that is, a process of first implanting a blanket emitter and afterward locally overcompensating the emitter by applying masked ion implantation for the back surface field (BSF) species. On planar test structures with blanket implants, we measure saturation current densities J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0,poly</sub> of down to 1.0 ± 1.1 fA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for wafers passivated with phosphorusimplanted poly-Si layers and 4.4 ± 1.1 fA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for wafers passivated with boron-implanted poly-Si layers. The corresponding implied pseudofill factors pFF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">im pl.</sub> are 87.3% and 84.6%, respectively. Test structures fabricated with the counterdoping process applied on a full area also exhibit excellent recombination behavior (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0,poly</sub> = 0.9 ± 1.1 fA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , pF F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">im pl.</sub> = 84.7%). By contrast, the samples with patterned counterdoped regions exhibit a far worse recombination behavior dominated by a recombination mechanism with an ideality factor n > 1. A comparison with the blanket-implanted test structures points to recombination in the space charge region inside the highly defective poly-Si layer. Consequently, we suggest introducing an undoped region between emitter and BSF in order to avoid the formation of p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> /n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> junctions in poly-Si.
Targeting of Monomer/Misfolded SOD1 as a Therapeutic Strategy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2012)

There is increasing evidence that toxicity of mutant superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is linked to its propensity to misfold and to aggregate. Immunotargeting of differently folded states of SOD1 has provided therapeutic benefit in mutant SOD1 transgenic mice. The specific region(s) of the SOD1 protein to which these immunization approaches target are, however, unknown. In contrast, we have previously shown, using a specific antibody [SOD1 exposed dimer interface (SEDI) antibody], that the dimer interface of SOD1 is abnormally exposed both in mutant SOD1 transgenic mice and in familial ALS cases associated with mutations in the SOD1 gene (fALS1). Here, we show the beneficial effects of an active immunization strategy using the SEDI antigenic peptide displayed on a branched peptide dendrimer to target monomer/misfolded in SOD1(G37R) and SOD1(G93A) mutant SOD1 transgenic mice. Immunization delayed disease onset and extended disease duration, with survival times increased by an average of 40 d in SOD1(G37R) mice. Importantly, this immunization strategy favored a Th2 immune response, thereby precluding deleterious neuroinflammatory effects. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of immunization correlated with a reduction in accumulation of both monomer/misfolded and oligomeric SOD1 species in the spinal cord, the intended targets of the immunization strategy. Our results support that SOD1 misfolding/aggregation plays a central role in SOD1-linked ALS pathogenesis and identifies monomeric/misfolded SOD1 as a therapeutic target for SOD1-related ALS.
The Intraoral Cariogenicity Test in Young Subjects (1976)

The applicability of the Intraoral Cariogenicity Test (ICT) was explored in young, fully dentulous subjects by using an orthodontic appliance to carry the test enamel slabs. In each subject, the degree of experimental caries that developed on the slabs proved to be characteristic of that individual. In all subjects, ICT results were relatively consistent for periods of weeks. However, over a period of months, two subjects displayed sharp changes. Experimental modification of individual factors affected ICT parameters in a predictable manner. The factors tested in this report showed that improved personal oral hygiene, or restriction of dietary sugars, reduced the severity of the experimental enamel lesions. Sorbitol, in extraoral supplementation, was less cariogenic than sucrose.
Tuning the Orientation of an Antigen by Adsorption onto Nanostriped Templates (2005)

We investigate the adsorption of a globular protein (P.69 pertactin, also known as antigen 69k) on protein-repellent hydrophilic substrates bearing regularly spaced hydrophobic nanostripes, for stripe widths comprised between 20 and 160 nm. Protein adsorption is shown to be remarkably well-controlled by the templating substrates, with a near-to-perfect reproduction of stripes by the protein monolayer down to 20 nm width, except for a 5-10 nm broadening. However, whereas the ellipsoidal protein forms a dense monolayer with random orientation of its long axis for large stripe widths, it adsorbs in a predominantly side-on (flat-on) orientation for stripe widths below 50 nm, due to the easier reorientation (interfacial relaxation) of the proteins adsorbed at the edges of the stripes, which experience a decreased lateral interaction. These results show that protein confinement in regions of a size similar to their dimensions can be used to tune their orientation, which may be of interest for applications in high-density sensor devices.
Galactosylated LDL Nanoparticles: A Novel Targeting Delivery System To Deliver Antigen to Macrophages and Enhance Antigen Specific T Cell Responses (2009)

We aim to define the role of Kupffer cells in intrahepatic antigen presentation, using the selective delivery of antigen to Kupffer cells rather than other populations of liver antigen-presenting cells. To achieve this we developed a novel antigen delivery system that can target antigens to macrophages, based on a galactosylated low-density lipoprotein nanoscale platform. Antigen was delivered via the galactose particle receptor (GPr), internalized, degraded and presented to T cells. The conjugation of fluoresceinated ovalbumin (FLUO-OVA) and lactobionic acid with LDL resulted in a substantially increased uptake of FLUO-OVA by murine macrophage-like ANA1 cells in preference to NIH3T3 cells, and by primary peritoneal macrophages in preference to primary hepatic stellate cells. Such preferential uptake led to enhanced proliferation of OVA specific T cells, showing that the galactosylated LDL nanoscale platform is a successful antigen carrier, targeting antigen to macrophages but not to all categories of antigen presenting cells. This system will allow targeted delivery of antigen to macrophages in the liver and elsewhere, addressing the question of the role of Kupffer cells in liver immunology. It may also be an effective way of delivering drugs or vaccines directly at macrophages.
The Chemistry and Stereochemistry of Cercosporin (1972)

Journal Article The Chemistry and Stereochemistry of Cercosporin Get access Sunao Yamazaki, Sunao Yamazaki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tadatomo Ogawa Tadatomo Ogawa Present address: Central Research Laboratory of Kanebo Co., Ltd., Odawara-city, Kanagawa Prefecture. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 36, Issue 10, 1 October 1972, Pages 1707–1718, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1972.10860458 Published: 01 October 1972 Article history Received: 03 February 1972 Published: 01 October 1972
The effect of the calcium antagonist nimodipine on the gerbil model of experimental cerebral ischemia. (1986)

The gerbil model was used to assess the therapeutic effects of the calcium antagonist nimodipine on cerebral ischemia. Transient cerebral ischemia was produced in each gerbil by bilateral common carotid occlusion of 10-, 15- or 20-min duration. Nimodipine (0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally just before the carotid occlusion or 10-30 min after the removal of the arterial clips. Morbidity of each animal was evaluated using the stroke index, and the sum of stroke indices was calculated for evaluating the overall morbidity during a particular period of reperfusion. Mortality was observed for 24 hours after clip removal. Although, depending on the timing of the drug administration, the low-dose (0.01 mg/kg) nimodipine worsened the morbidity in the gerbils with 10-min ischemia, the high-dose (0.1 mg/kg) of the drug had a clear beneficial effect on the mortality associated with cerebral ischemia. These results are considered worthwhile for further trials to assess the usefulness of nimodipine as a therapeutic agent in the management of the acute ischemic stroke.
DataCell: Building a Data Stream Engine on top of a Relational Database Kernel (2009)

Stream applications gained significant popularity in recent years, which lead to the development of specialized datastream engines. They often have been designed from scratch and are tuned towards the specific requirements posed by their initial target applications, e.g., network monitoring and financial services. However, this also meant that they lack the power and sophisticated techniques of a full fledged database system accumulated over many years of database research. In this PhD work, we take the opposite route and design a stream engine, the DataCell, directly on top of a modern database kernel. To achieve this objective, we isolated the necessary and sufficient mechanism to support continuous query processing in a relational database environment. This led to a lightweight and orthogonal extension of SQL with a direct hook into the sophisticated algorithms and techniques of the DBMS. The streaming application can use any kind of complex query functionality without the need for us to reinvent a complete software stack, i.e., language parsers, optimizers, and storage structures. In this paper, we charter the roadmap of this thesis, the opportunities and challenges that arise with such a direction, and the significant advantages already achieved. 1.
SP 800-48 Rev. 1. Guide to Securing Legacy IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks (2008)

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to organizations in securing their legacy Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLAN) that cannot use IEEE 802.11i. The document provides an overview of legacy IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards, components, and architectural models. It discusses the basics of WLAN security and examines the security capabilities provided by legacy IEEE 802.11 standards. The document also discusses threats and vulnerabilities involving legacy IEEE 802.11 WLANs, explains common countermeasures, and makes recommendations for their use.
A Simple DVFS Controller for a NoC Switch (2012)

Network-on-Chip (NoC) is the high-performance and scalable alternative to the old-fashioned bus, but yet a costly one as far as power consumption is concerned. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is a very effective technique for reducing power consumption. In its typical, bulky incarnation with voltage regulators and PLLs or DLLs for frequency synthesis, though, it does not fit very well the need for individual regulation at the level of NoC's single switch. We propose a simple DVFS mechanism for a NoC switch. It uses just two voltages, high and low, for voltage scaling. For effective frequency scaling a periodic scheduler equipped with a simple counter and a clock-gating logic is used. A feedback control loop chooses the appropriate frequency and voltage pair based on the status of switch's input FIFOs. We report results of simulation and synthesis on a 45nm CMOS technology
Common sense and consulting. (1979)

Three hundred and forty-two general practitioners in Scotland presented their views on content and training in relation to consulting with patients. Differences in responses from trainers, non-trainers, and trainees are examined and possible reasons for the divergences are discussed.
Removing native oxide from Si(001) surfaces using photoexcited fluorine gas (1991)

This letter discusses the reaction between (001) oriented Si surfaces and photoexcited fluorine gas resulting in the removal of the native Si oxide. For an F2/Ar gas system, the bulk Si was etched in areas where the native Si oxide had been completely removed. However, by using an F2/H2 gas system, only the native Si oxide was removed. We used this method to remove the native Si oxide in Si epitaxial growth. A high-quality single-crystal Si film surface was obtained up to a maximum temperature of 600 °C through this Si growth process. We also characterized the etching of a thermal oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide.
All-Trans-Retinoic Acid and the Glycolipid α-Galactosylceramide Combined Reduce Breast Tumor Growth and Lung Metastasis in a 4T1 Murine Breast Tumor Model (2012)

Vitamin A compounds are promising for cancer prevention and reducing risk of recurrence. Herein we have evaluated the combination of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, and alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), a lipid immune activator, in Balb/C mice inoculated with syngeneic 4T1 breast tumor cells on reduction in breast tumor growth and lung metastasis. In Balb/c inoculated with the syngenic 4T1 primary tumor, and administered dendritic cells treated with RA + αGalCer, the size of the primary tumor and the number of lung metastatic foci were reduced. When 4T1 cells were introduced into the circulation as a model of hematogenous spread of tumor cells and RA and αCalCer were administered directly to mice without dendritic cells, lung metastatic foci were reduced 70% (P < 0.05), whereas each agent alone resulted in an intermediate decrease. Concomitantly, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), membrane type-1 (MT1)-MMP and MMP3, were reduced by RA + αGalCer in lung. MMP3 protein was also reduced in plasma and culture supernatants from RA + αGalCer-treated 4T1 cells. Together, our results provide new evidence that a nutritional-immunological combination of RA + αGalCer may be promising for preventing or slowing the growth of metastatic foci, and suggest reduced MMP production as a possible mechanism.
A pixel size shrinkage of amplified MOS imager with two-line mixing (1996)

This paper describes a pixel size shrinkage of an amplified MOS image sensor (AMI). We have developed a new circuit technique to achieve the reduction of a pixel size while realizing vertical two-line mixing and high sensitivity. A 1/4-in format 250-k pixel image sensor was developed using a 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The difference from the conventional CMOS process is an additional layer of ion-implantation process. The power supply voltages of this imager are 4 and 6 V. The dynamic range of 75 dB, the sensitivity of 1.8 /spl mu/A/Ix, and the smear noise of less than -120 dB have been attained for the pixel size of 7.2 (H)/spl times/5.6 (V) /spl mu/m/sup 2/. Although the measured fixed pattern noise ratio (FPN) of this imager is -55 dB, analysis with a test chip shows that FPN can be improved by 2 dB by adopting a suitable gate length for amplifier and resetting MOSFET, respectively.
John and William Bartram, Botanists and Explorers, 1699-1777, 1739-1823 (1941)

John and William Bartram, Botanists and Explorers, 1699–1777, 1739– 1823. By Ernest Earnest. Pennsylvania Lives. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1940. viii + 187 pp. Illustrations and bibliographical note. $2.00.) Get access R. J. Ferguson R. J. Ferguson University of Pittsburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 28, Issue 2, September 1941, Pages 268–269, https://doi.org/10.2307/1896240 Published: 01 September 1941
Experimental relations between physical structure and mechanical properties of a huge number of drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) yarns (1992)

Abstract The results of a study of the relation between a number of mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) yarns and their physical structure are presented. The relation was studied on a set of 295 drawn yarn samples, resulting from an exceptionally large variety in process conditions applied. The size of this experiment offered a unique opportunity to study the property–structure relation more extensively than ever before. Therefore, our understanding of the mechanical properties could be enriched with several new insights. A selection of seven yarn properties has been investigated. Five of them have been derived from the stress–strain curves and the remaining two are shrinkage and shrinkage force. The physical structure has been described with a set of five, statistically selected, parameters. Most of the yarn properties could very well be described in terms of these structure parameters. This description was performed by means of an artificial neural network, ANN. The type of calculation is completely naive, i.e., without any specific mathematical formulation for the relation concerned. The fitting results have been translated into physical aspects related to the well‐known molecular two‐phase model. The practical importance of a good physical understanding of yarn properties is that the essential possibilities and impossibilities of combinations of properties can far more easily be surveyed and understood. As a result, the efficiency of process developments can be substantially improved.
Elimination and addition reactions. Part 32. Discrimination between concerted and stepwise processes in activated elimination reactions (1977)

In 1,2-elimination reactions activated by phenylsulphonyl, cyano, and benzoyl groups with leaving groups SO2Ph, SPh, and OPh, comparison of ionisation rates with elimination rates confirms that the (E1cB)R mechanism operates in the sulphonyl and cyano activation series but in the benzoyl series the mechanism for all leaving groups is (E1cB)I. This difference in behaviour is discussed.For all three activation series, comparison of elimination rates with predicted ionisation rates suggests assignments of (E1cB)I mechanism when the leaving group is Cl, OAc, OTs, or OMes but E2 mechanisms when it is I and possibly Br.In all the cases studied, α- and β-phenyl substituents in chloro-, bromo-, and mesyloxy-sulphones affect elimination rates in a manner paralleled by the effect of these substituents on ionisation rates. The results strengthen assignments of (E1cB)1 mechanisms where these have been made.The results are compared with those obtained in other systems in relation to current views on the relationship between stepwise and concerted processes.
Automatic assembly planning with fasteners (2003)

The automatic assembly planning with fasteners (AAPF) prototype system is described. Given a model of a product to be manufactured, the AAPF system produces a high-level assembly sequence for producing that product. The model is defined in terms of constructive solid-geometry primitives and nut, bolt, and screw fastener primitives. The system works backwards by disassembling the finished product model. Under the assumption that no internal or external forces are present, the reverse of a disassembly sequence is a valid assembly sequence. This assembly planning system pays attention to the individual characteristics of the fasteners to produce a more efficient assembly plan. By paying attention to the type, size, and location of each fastener, the fasteners can be grouped and ordered for assembly (where possible) according to similar fastener type, size, and location. Depending on the factory environment, this can reduce the need for moving subparts from work cell to work cell, retooling time, and the time spent at any given machine or work cell. Several examples, ranging from a simple blocks world model to a mechanical computer mouse, are given, including their run times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Powertrain Matching Based on Driving Cycle for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2013)

Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) is one of the most efficient technologies to solve the problems of the energy shortage and the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine vehicles, and its performance strongly depends on the powertrains’ matching and its energy control strategy. The theoretic matching method only based on the theoretical equation of kinetic equilibrium, which is a traditional method, could not take fully use of the advantages of FCHEV under a certain driving cycle because it doesn’t consider the target driving cycle. In order to match the powertrain that operates more efficiently under the target driving cycle, the matching method based on driving cycle is studied. The powertrain of a fuel cell hybrid electric bus (FCHEB) is matched, modeled and simulated on the AVL CRUISE. The simulation results show that the FCHEB has remarkable power performance and fuel economy.