gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 5-Level Security Approach for Data Storage in Cloud (2012)

Everyone in the IT world is bustling with the cloud computing concept. Conversing about the catchphrase cloud, the terms like virtualization, resources, elasticity, security, pay per use basis hit the mind. A key stumbling block of motivating the IT sector towards cloud ethnicity is the lack of conviction on security. The cloud provider, in turn, also needs to insist on authoritarian of the security policies, making trust on the clients. To improve the mutual trust between costumer and cloud provider, a well-understood trust foundation needs to be in place. Keeping in mind this paper presents a new approach to provide five level securities to the data stored and accessed by the cloud user. In cloud, the data of the individual or an organization is stored tenuously and the client does not have any control over it, hence the security becomes a major dilemma. Keeping in mind of the security required, this paper introduces a strong authentication, confidentiality and integrity mechanisms for storing the data of client at the data center. The modernization of this method is to place identity and information separately on different level thus providing five -level security which have no direct communication between them, all working at different places.
Effects of Eugenol on the Central Nervous System: Its Possible Application to Treatment of Alzheimers Disease, Depression, and Parkinsons Disease (2006)

Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a fragrant compound that is commonly contained in various sorts of plants, especially in spices and medicinal herbs. Eugenol has been used for dental analgesic, which also has anticonvulsive and anti-microbial activities. Besides, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of eugenol are known. A body of evidence suggests that eugenol can be used as a drug for treatment of Alzheimers disease (AD). According to recent reports, the extract of a medicinal plant Rhizoma Acori Graminei (RAG) alleviates neurotoxicity induced by amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) in vitro and the active constituent of RAG is eugenol. Eugenol inhibits Aβ-induced excessive influx of calcium ion into neurons that causes neuronal death. Moreover, eugenol possesses an antidepressant-like activity. Eugenol, like other antidepressants, increases expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene in the hippocampus, which is necessary for an antidepressant to exhibit its activity. Furthermore, eugenol inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and may restore monoamines that are decreased in the brain of patients with depression. Thus, eugenol can be a good medicine for AD and depression. Here we suggest that eugenol and its analogs can be used also for other diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) including Parkinsons disease (PD). This article reviews the previous investigations concerning effects of eugenol including its analogs on the CNS and describes perspectives of this highly potential compound. Keywords: Eugenol, ferulic acid, Alzheimer's disease, depression, antidepressant, Parkinson's disease, monoamine oxidase, MAO
Synthesis of novel imidazo[1,2‐<i>a</i>]pyrrolo[2,1‐<i>c</i>][1,4]benzodiazepines and pyrimido[1,2‐<i>a</i>]pyrrolo[2,1‐<i>c</i>][1,4]benzodiazepines (1985)

Abstract Several 1 1‐amino‐5 H ‐pyrrolo[2,1‐ c ][1,4]benzodiazepines have been used as starting material to prepare a number of derivatives of 9 H ‐imidazo[1,2‐ a ]pyrrolo[2,1‐ c ][1,4]benzodiazepines and 10 H ‐pyrimido[1,2‐ a ]pyrrolo[2,1‐ c ][1,4]benzodiazepines. The imidazole nucleus was built by reaction of amidines with ethyl bromopyruvate or aminoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal. Several derivatives of imidazo[1,2‐ a ]pyrrolo[2,1‐ c ][1,4]benzodiazepine have been prepared by formylation of the pyrrole ring followed by formation of thioamides. Condensation of 11‐amino‐5 H ‐pyrrolo[2,1‐ c ][1,4]benzodiazepines with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate afforded intermediate diesters which were transformed into the corresponding 10 H ‐pyrimido[1,2‐ a ]pyrrolo[2,1‐ c ]‐benzodiazepines.
Transplanted Hypothalamic Neurons Restore Leptin Signaling and Ameliorate Obesity in db/db Mice (2011)

Evolutionarily old and conserved homeostatic systems in the brain, including the hypothalamus, are organized into nuclear structures of heterogeneous and diverse neuron populations. To investigate whether such circuits can be functionally reconstituted by synaptic integration of similarly diverse populations of neurons, we generated physically chimeric hypothalami by microtransplanting small numbers of embryonic enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing, leptin-responsive hypothalamic cells into hypothalami of postnatal leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice that develop morbid obesity. Donor neurons differentiated and integrated as four distinct hypothalamic neuron subtypes, formed functional excitatory and inhibitory synapses, partially restored leptin responsiveness, and ameliorated hyperglycemia and obesity in db/db mice. These experiments serve as a proof of concept that transplanted neurons can functionally reconstitute complex neuronal circuitry in the mammalian brain.
Field Evaluation of Selected Rhizobium in an Improved Legume Inoculant<sup>1</sup> (1983)

Abstract Increased grain legume production depends on effective symbiotic dinitrogen fixation through successful legume inoculation. Inoculants containing high numbers ≥ l0 7 /g of effective Rhizobium must withstand adverse field conditions. Field studies were performed to determine the effects of selected rhizobia in two different inoculant carriers on nodulation and performance of three grain legumes. The soil at the 1979 site (Vertic Haplaquept) contained = 10 3 cowpea Rhizobium and = 10 2 Rhizobium phaseoli per g of dry soil. The soil at the 1980 site (Typic Paleudalf) contained < l0 2 R. phaseoli per g of dry soil. Selected strains of R. phaseoli and cowpea Rhizobium were incorporated in peat or vegetable oil. Seeds of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], and peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) were inoculated (ca. 10 8 Rhizobium /seed) and planted. Nodulation, plant growth, and yields were determined in all experiments. Strains of Rhizobium in oil‐base inoculants generally formed a greater percentage of nodules on plants than did the same strains applied in peat‐base inoculants. Rhizobium phaseoli 971A occupied 93% of bean nodules when applied as oil‐base inoculant but only 82% when applied as peat‐base inoculant. Fresh weight bean yields of 5,620 kg/ha were obtained with strain 971A (oil‐base) compared to 3,370 kg/ha for the peat‐base treatment. Similar significant yield increases were obtained for cowpeas and peanuts inoculated with oil‐base inoculants. These experiments indicate that an improved inoculant provided high numbers of effective Rhizobium at planting. Through subsequent effective nodulation, oil‐base inoculants increased yields and nitrogen fixation by the legumes due to increased nodulation by the superior N 2 ‐fixing strains of Rhizobium .
Trypanothione overproduction and resistance to antimonials and arsenicals in Leishmania. (1996)

Leishmania resistant to arsenicals and antimonials extrude arsenite. Previous results of arsenite uptake into plasma membrane-enriched vesicles suggested that the transported species is a thiol adduct of arsenite. In this paper, we demonstrate that promastigotes of arsenite-resistant Leishmania tarentolae have increased levels of intracellular thiols. High-pressure liquid chromatography of the total thiols showed that a single peak of material was elevated almost 40-fold. The major species in this peak was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry as N1,N8-bis-(glutathionyl)spermidine (trypanothione). The trypanothione adduct of arsenite was effectively transported by the As-thiol pump. No difference in pump activity was observed in wild type and mutants. A model for drug resistance is proposed in which Sb(V)/As(V)-containing compounds, including the antileishmanial drug Pentostam, are reduced intracellularly to Sb(III)/As(III), conjugated to trypanothione, and extruded by the As-thiol pump. The rate-limiting step in resistance is proposed to be formation of the metalloid-thiol pump substrates, so that increased synthesis of trypanothione produces resistance. Increased synthesis of the substrate rather than an increase in the number of pump molecules is a novel mechanism for drug resistance.
In-Situ Blending of Inkjet-Printed Thick-Film Resistors (2013)

Thick-film resistors are widely used passive components. Considering circuit design and layout, decoupling the resistance from geometry is desirable. Inkjet printing offers an approach to reach this aim by allowing for in-process blending of resistor inks. To model the electric behavior of printed resistors, a conductance based linear model is derived, that is both, physically plausible and mathematically convenient. Generally the model is based on resistor layers connected in parallel. To allow for fine graduation the parallel layers are not just realized with different decadic inks but with a discrete number of ink mixtures (“virtual inks”) which are generated in-situ during printing. Both, the conductance model and the in-process ink blending are proven by real inkjet-printed resistors. For manufacturing these resistors, the used inkjet printing system was improved.
Measurement of pulmonary tissue volume and blood flow in persons with normal and edematous lungs (1981)

We measured pulmonary tissue volume (Vt) and pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc) by a rebreathing method using two soluble gases, acetylene (C2H2) and dimethyl ether (DME), in 32 normal subjects and 14 patients who had had pulmonary edema. In 18 of the normal subjects, studies were performed at three or more different rebreathing volumes (VA). To normalize for differences in body size, results were expressed as the ratio of Vt or VA to predicted total lung capacity (TLC). We found that 1) changes in VA/TLC had a significant effect on Vt/TLC and Qc measured with both gases, 2) the range of normal values for Vt was best defined by expressing the relationship between Vt/TLC and VA/TLC, 3) using this approach, many patients with clinically mild or inapparent pulmonary edema had abnormal values of Vt, and 4) when comparing mean values of C2H2 and DME in 82 simultaneous measurements at constant VA/TLC, Vt was significantly higher in 87% (71/82) and Qc in 63% (52/82) of the paired tests.
Boiler Efficiency Studies Using a Microprocessor-based Data Acquisition System (1980)

A single board microcomputer has been interfaced to a programmable calculator and a suitably instrumented steam generator. The microcomputer can provide the calculator with real-time information (eg. time of digitized values of analogue inputs). A user develops his application program in the calculator. Students have used the system to monitor the efficiency of the steam generator. The extended calculator has been successful in teaching the principles and practice of real-time data acquisition.
Gelation in ATRP Using Structurally Different Branching Reagents: Comparison of Inimer, Divinyl and Trivinyl Cross-Linkers (2009)

Inimer and multivinyl cross-linkers were used as branching reagents for gelation in atom transfer radical (co)polymerization (ATRP) with methyl acrylate (MA). A fully reacted 2-((2-bromopropionyl)oxy)ethyl acrylate (BrA) inimer produced a “T” shaped cross-linkage, from which three chains emanated out. In contrast, the reactions of divinyl cross-linker, ethylene glycol diacrylate (2A), and trivinyl cross-linker, 1,1,1,-trimethylolpropane triacrylate (3A), generated “X” shaped and “x̵” shaped cross-linkages, respectively, from which 4 and 6 chains radiated out. The ATRP of MA and BrA produced soluble branched polymers, but the addition of a small amount of 2A into the reaction induced gelation and produced gels containing both “T” shaped and “X” shaped cross-linkages (“T&X” reaction). Three types of ATRP reactions, “T&X”, “X” and “x̵” reactions, were performed to study the effect of cross-linkage structure on the experimental gel points and the properties of gels. Under the same molar ratio of [vinylbranch]0/[R−Br]0, the “T&X” reactions had an experimental gelation occurred at lower MA conversions (earlier gelation) than the “X” reactions because of the faster intermolecular reactions in the “T&X” reactions. The earlier gelation in the “x̵” reaction, with respect to a comparable “X” reaction, was ascribed to the higher cross-linking efficiency and less required cross-linker amount for gelation when using trivinyl cross-linker. At complete conversion gels obtained in these comparable reactions showed an order of gel fraction: “T&X” ∼ “x̵” > “X” and of gel swelling ratio: “T&X” > “X” > “x̵”, due to the difference in the structure of branching reagents.
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (2001)

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a transmissible form of spongiform encephalopathy believed to be contracted from the consumption of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) infected beef products. To date over 100 individuals have developed this incurable disease. There have been no documented cases of iatrogenic infection, but there is a theoretical risk that surgical procedures could transmit the disease. This review describes the background of the disease and assesses the possible risks of transmission through endoscopic procedures. The risk of transmission by endoscopy is small and probably negligible if suitable procedures are followed. The greatest potential danger arises from healthy individuals who are incubating the disease. Pathological prions (PrP(sc)) may be found in lymphatic tissue of these individuals (particularly tonsils), but smaller amounts have been identified in the appendix and Peyer's patches. These prions are resistant to all forms of conventional sterilization. There is a theoretical risk that biopsy forceps and the operating channel of endoscopes could become contaminated. This review gives recommendations as to how these small risks can be minimized. They include the employment of single-use forceps for biopsies taken from the terminal ileum, greater attention to the maintenance of endoscopic equipment and accessories, more rigorous manual cleaning of endoscopic equipment and the use of well designed, disposable cleaning brushes for the operating channel of the endoscope.
Social support, social networks and coronary artery disease rehabilitation: a review. (1996)

A review of the literature indicates that social support plays an important role in recovery from and adaptation to chronic disease such as CAD and is of equal importance to the primary and secondary prevention of MI. Future research should pay special attention to what types of functional support are of most importance to recovery from MI and bypass surgery, thus allowing for the development of rehabilitation programs and interventions that will emphasize functions that are most needed. Interventions may involve the patient's natural support group to enhance the potential support providers' awareness of the patient's support needs. Social support may be especially important for maintaining compliance with rehabilitation programs for patients with CAD.
Hydrogen in amorphous magnetic alloys (1982)

Iron-rich Y1−xFex amorphous alloys have been charged electrolytically with hydrogen to an H:Y ratio of approximately 3. The alloys are originally asperomagnetic, with spin freezing temperatures below 110 K, but they become soft ferromagnets on hydrogenation with Curie temperatures in excess of 400 K. The iron moment in a–Y12Fe88 changes from 1.96 to 2.24 μB in the hydride and the isomer shift increases by 0.15 mm/s. However, it appears that the main effect of the hydrogen is to shift a broad, mostly ferromagnetic exchange distribution with some antiferromagnetic interactions to an overwhelmingly ferromagnetic one. This is attributed to dilation of the iron–iron nearest-neighbour distances. By contrast, no significant effects on magnetic moment or exchange were detected on hydrogenating amorphous Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 (Metglas 2826 MB), but the in-plane anisotropy was modified and the soft magnetic properties degraded.
Transaminase activity in extracts of cod muscle studied by the use of a <sup>14</sup>C‐labelled amino acid mixture (1974)

Abstract Changes in the amino acid fraction of buffered extracts of cod muscle during incubation in the presence of α‐ketoglutarate have been studied using a 14 C‐labelled amino acid mixture. The patterns of radioactive amino acids pre and post incubation suggest that transamination reactions are responsible for marked changes in the levels of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, leucine and iso‐leucine. No changes were noted in the levels of threonine, serine, proline, glycine, lysine and arginine. Slight falls in the concentration of tyrosine and phenylalanine were seen after extended incubation times.
Heavy Vehicle Automation: Human Factors Lessons Learned (2015)

Although passenger car automation has captured the public's attention in recent years, heavy truck automation has also been a major research topic around the world. In the U.S., the California PATH program at U.C. Berkeley has been engaged in heavy vehicle driver assistance and automation research for trucks, buses, and snow removal equipment for over 15 years. Until recently, much of the human factors work in the field has been limited to driving simulations because the state of the technology is only just now reaching the level of maturity required to move beyond pure research. Despite still being in the early stages of gaining practical, real-world experience with automation, lessons have been learned over the past two decades of heavy vehicle automation development. With the many different automation concepts being discussed, there are bound to be differences between passenger car and heavy vehicle automation because the motivations for automation differ between the two industries, resulting in different automation use cases and potentially leading to different design solutions. Similarly, since heavy vehicles tend to be engaged in commercial operations, institutional considerations can influence design, but commercial fleets also provide opportunities for driver training that might not otherwise be possible with the general public. Finally, the special use cases for heavy vehicle automation can challenge conventional design wisdom, and not all designs or conclusions coming from passenger car experience will necessarily apply to heavy vehicles.
Coloration and Decoloration of Tungsten Phosphate Glasses by Heat Treatments at the Temperature Far below <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> under a Controlled Ambient (2006)

Reversible coloration−decoloration of tungsten phosphate glasses was observed by heat treatments at temperatures between 300 and 500 °C which were far below the Tg (570 °C) under the ambient with controlled partial pressure of hydrogen and/or water. The color center responsible for the coloration was found to be an electron-trapped W5+. The assignment was done by detecting an anisotropic ESR singlet of g = 1.7 and broad optical absorption bands extending from the visible to the near-infrared region. The charge compensator of W5+ was found to be H+. Mechanisms of the coloration by heat treatments under an ambient with the hydrogen-bearing species were proposed to be (1) decomposition of molecular water or hydrogen at the surface of the glasses, (2) selective dissolution of the generated hydrogen atom by the reaction with W6+ ions to form the W5+/H+ redox pair in the glasses, and (3) diffusion of the charge-compensating H+ into the glass. The decoloration process was expressed by the reverse reactions. The rate of the coloration−decoloration was found to be determined by the diffusion of the atomic hydrogen. The diffusion constant of the atomic hydrogen at 500 °C in the glass was found to be as large as 1.5 × 10-6 cm2/s.
Holophony versus ambisonic: Deriving a hybrid method for 3-D sound reproduction in videoconferencing (1999)

Current research in videoconferencing intends to introduce 3-D reproduction methods both for image and sound. This paper will deal only with the problem of 3-D sound reproduction. First, one specific requirement must be borne in mind: in a videoconference, the listening area has to be wide, since it is addressed to several listeners. Two approaches have been considered: Holophony—acoustical equivalent to holography—and ambisonic. In a previous paper, it has been shown that these two methods are based on the same principle, i.e., physical reconstruction of the acoustical 3-D field, which appears as the most relevant solution to obtain an extensive listening area. However, holophony and ambisonic achieve opposite compromises between system complexity (number of signals recorded, number of microphones and loudspeakers) and reconstruction performance (accuracy, size of listening area, implementation opportunities). The two approaches are compared in order to point out a hybrid method, which optimizes the result. First studies focus on sound pick-up and show that ambisonic is more efficient concerning the coding of spatial information. In this paper, this analysis will be completed, first by examining the sound reproduction step, and second by studying the method robustness toward the actual behavior of transducers.
Preparation of Substituted 2-Oxazolidones from 1,2-Epoxides and Isocyanates (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Substituted 2-Oxazolidones from 1,2-Epoxides and IsocyanatesGEORGE P. SPERANZA and W. J. PEPPELCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 12, 1922–1924Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01106a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01106a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views764Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long-term Benefits of Mycophenolate Mofetil after Heart Transplantation (2005)

Transplant coronary artery disease and malignancy are the major limitations to survival after heart transplantation. In a randomized trial, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) significantly improved 3-year survival over azathioprine, but the expected reduction in intracoronary ultrasound evidence of vasculopathy was not found on initial analysis using unmatched sites. On reanalysis using matched sites, a highly significant reduction in maximum intimal thickness was shown with MMF. Malignancy was numerically but not significantly lower at 3 years; in open label experience up to 7 years, it is diminished by 37% on MMF. MMF protects heart transplant recipients against both vasculopathy and malignancy.
Electron Beam Melting of Sponge Titanium. (1991)

Fundamental investigations were done on electron beam (EB) melting of sponge titanium by using 80kWEB melting furnace. Results obtained are as follows: