gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleolar disruption and apoptosis are distinct neuronal responses to etoposide‐induced DNA damage (2011)

Although DNA damaging topoisomerase inhibitors induce apoptosis in developing neurons, their effects on adult neurons have not yet been characterized. We report a blockage of RNA-Polymerase-1-driven transcription and nucleolar stress in neocortical neurons of adult rats after intracarotid injection of the DNA-topoisomerase-2 inhibitor, etoposide. Intracerebroventricular injection of etoposide induced a similar response in neonatal rats. In contrast, etoposide triggered neuronal apoptosis in the neonates, but not the adults. Nucleolar disruption and apoptosis were also observed in etoposide-challenged cultured cortical neurons from newborn rats. In that system, activation of the DNA double strand break signaling kinase ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein kinase, p53 and p53-dependent apoptosis required lower etoposide concentrations than did the p53-independent induction of nucleolar stress. These distinct responses may be coupled to different forms of etoposide-induced DNA damage. Indeed, double strand breaks by the over-expressed endonuclease I-Ppo1 were sufficient to induce p53-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, nucleolar transcription was insensitive to such damage implying single strand breaks and/or topoisomerase-2-DNA adducts as triggers of nucleolar stress. Because nucleolar stress is not age-restricted, it may underlie non-apoptotic neurotoxicity of chemotherapy- or neurodegeneration-associated DNA damage by reducing ribosomal biogenesis in adult brain. Conversely, nucleolar insensitivity to double strand breaks likely contributes to mature neuron tolerance of such lesions.
On-Line Torque & Drag: A Real-Time Drilling Performance Optimization Tool (1999)

Abstract A technique for evaluating torque and drag effects in real time and for interpreting the effectiveness of actions taken is presented in this paper. The application determines total wellbore and incremental hole sections friction factors real time using downhole measured weight on bit and bit torque data coupled with surface load measurements or just surface data. In addition the system determines buckling modes, minimum yield and fatigue safety factors. The application enables field personnel to identify drilling performance problems as early as possible. This paper presents the algorithms and calculation procedures used as well as several case histories from wells drilled offshore Norway, offshore Denmark and onshore Germany.
Putative Tumor-Suppressive Function of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 in Primary Lung Carcinoma (2009)

Our results suggest that KLF4 plays an important role in suppressing the growth of lung carcinoma.
An architecture for homogenizing federated databases (1994)

Many large organizations have a number of heterogeneous localized databases that are maintained and managed to support a set of local applications. One of the main difficulties in supporting global applications over a number of localized databases and migrating legacy ISs to modern computing environment is to cope with the heterogeneities of these systems. We propose a novel flexible architecture (HODFA) to dynamically connect these localized heterogeneous databases in forming a homogenized federated database system and to support the process of transforming a collection of heterogeneous information systems onto a homogeneous environment. We further develop an incremental methodology of homogenization in the context of our HODFA framework, which can facilitate different degrees of homogenization in a stepwise manner. 1 Introduction and Motivation In many large organizations a number of localized databases are maintained and managed to support a set of applications. Typically, these ...
Retrograde transport and differential accumulation of serum proteins in motor neurons (1987)

We found immunocytochemical evidence of serum albumin and immunoglobulin G in motor neurons of rats under physiologic conditions, but not when axoplasmic flow was abolished. The amount of serum proteins was highest in somatic motor neurons of the spinal anterior horn, nucleus ambiguous, and trigeminal motor nucleus; less in hypoglossal and facial neurons; and sparse in preganglionic autonomic, oculomotor, and hypothalamic neurons. Toxic or trophic substances, bound to serum proteins, could also be incorporated into motor neurons. Quantitative differences in accumulation paralleled the selective vulnerability of somatic motor neurons in motor neuron diseases.
Visualization of multi-dimensional data with vector-fusion (2000)

Multi-dimensional entities are modeled, displayed and understood with a new algorithm vectorizing data of any dimensionality. This algorithm is called SBP; it is a vectorized generalization of parallel coordinates. Classic geometries of any dimensionality can be demonstrated to facilitate perception and understanding of the shapes generated by this algorithm. SBP images of a 4D line, a circle and 3D and 4D spherical helices are shown. A strategy for synthesizing multi-dimensional models matching multi-dimensional data is presented. Current applications include data mining; modeling data-defined structures of scientific interest such as protein structure and Calabi-Yau figures as multi-dimensional geometric entities; generating vector-fused data signature fingerprints of classic frequency spectra that identify substances; and treating complex targets as multi-dimensional entities for automatic target recognition. SBP vector data signatures apply to all pattern recognition problems.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactions of 1,4‐Dihalocubanes with Organolithiums. The Case for 1,4‐Cubadiyl. (1990)

Abstract Dropwise addition of Bu‐Li (II) to 1,4‐diiodocubane (Ia) followed by carbomethoxylation gives 30% of the bicubyl diester (V) and a little 4‐butylcarbomethoxycubane (VI).
Error feedback for floating-point cascade-form digital filters (1991)

The authors propose the use of error feedback for roundoff noise reduction in cascade-form recursive digital filters employing floating-point arithmetic. The floating-point error feedback has a similar mechanism to the fixed-point error feedback. However, the optimal error feedback solution (in the sense of minimum mean-square error) for the floating-point case is different from the corresponding fixed-point case. The formulated optimal feedback coefficients are shown to be independent of the section of ordering and zero-pole pairing, which does not hold in the fixed-point case. Finally, a suboptimal error feedback is proposed and shown to provide a constant output SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) independent of the specific characteristics of the filter except the filter's order. Several examples are given to verify these results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clozapine augmentation strategies – a systematic meta-review of available evidence. Treatment options for clozapine resistance (2019)

More high-quality clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of add-on treatments for symptom improvement in patients with clozapine resistance. Applying definitions of clozapine resistance would improve the reporting of future clinical trials. Augmentation with second-generation antipsychotics and first-generation antipsychotics can be beneficial, but the supporting evidence is from low-quality studies. Electroconvulsive therapy may be effective for clozapine-resistant positive symptoms.
Purification of TCF-1 alpha, a T-cell-specific transcription factor that activates the T-cell receptor C alpha gene enhancer in a context-dependent manner. (1990)

The differentiation of T cells into functionally diverse subpopulations is controlled in part, by transcriptional activation and silencing; however, little is known in detail about the proteins that influence this developmental process. We have purified a new T-cell-specific factor, TCF-1 alpha, that is implicated in the activation of genes encoding a major component of the human T-cell receptor (TCR). TCF-1 alpha, originally identified and purified through its binding sites on the HIV-1 promoter, was found to bind to the TCR alpha enhancer and to promoters for several genes expressed at significantly earlier stages of T-cell development than the TCR alpha gene (e.g., p56lck and CD3 delta). Sequences related to the TCF-1 alpha binding motif (5'-GGCACCCTTTGA-3') are also found in the human TCR delta (and possibly TCR beta) enhancers. Southwestern and gel renaturation experiments with the use of purified protein fractions revealed that TCF-1 alpha activity is derived from a family of 57- to 53-kD proteins that are abundantly expressed in mature and immature T-cell lines (Jurkat, CCRF-CEM) and not in mature B cells (JY, Namalwa) or nonlymphoid (HeLa) cell lines. A small 95-bp fragment of the TCR alpha control region that contains the TCF-1 alpha binding site juxtaposed between a cAMP-response element (the CRE or T alpha 1 motif) and the binding site for a distinct lymphoid-specific protein (TCF-2 alpha) behaved as a potent T-cell-specific enhancer in vivo. Tandem copies of this enhancer functioned synergistically in mature (Jurkat) T-cell lines as well as resting and activated immature (CCRF-CEM) T-cell lines. Mutation of the TCF-1 alpha binding site diminished enhancer activity and disrupted the synergism observed in vivo between tandem enhancer repeats. The TCF-1 alpha binding site was also required for TCR alpha enhancer activity in transcriptionally active extracts from Jurkat but not HeLa cells, confirming that TCF-1 alpha is a T-cell-specific transcription factor. Curiously, the TCF-1 alpha binding element was inactive in vivo when removed from its neighboring elements on the TCR alpha enhancer and positioned in one or more copies upstream of a heterologous promoter. Thus, the transcriptional activity of TCF-1 alpha appears to depend on the TCF-2 alpha and T alpha 1 (CREB) transcription factors and the context of its binding site within the TCR alpha enhancer.
Effects of oestrogen administration on vitamin B<sub>6</sub>and tryptophan metabolism in the rat (1982)

1. In order to assess the effects of oestrogens on the metabolism of tryptophan and vitamin B6, ovariectomized rats have been maintained on diets providing known amounts of tryptophan, nicotinamide and vitamin B6. They received oestrone sulphate, 210 micrograms/kg body-wt per d, either incorporated in the diet for 8 weeks, or by daily intraperitoneal injection for periods of 1-3 d. 2. Oestrone sulphate administration caused a slight reduction in the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in plasma. It had no effect on the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in liver or kidney, the urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid, the activation of erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate:2-oxo-glutarate aminotransferase, EC 2. 6. 1. 1) by incubation with added pyridoxal phosphate, or the activity of pyridoxal oxidase (aldehyde:oxygen oxido-reductase, EC 1.2.3.1) in the liver. 3. Oestrone sulphate administration caused an increase in the urinary excretion of kynurenine and a reduction in the activity of liver kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase, EC 3.7.1.3). It had no effect on the urinary excretion of N1-methyl nicotinamide or the concentrations of nicotinamide nucleotides in blood, liver or kidney. 4. There was a considerable excess of the apoenzyme of kynureninase in the liver. Incubation of liver homogenates with added pyridoxal phosphate led to a 4- to 5-fold increase in activity. 5. We conclude that there is no evidence of any significant effect of oestrogens on vitamin B6. It is suggested that abnormalities of tryptophan metabolism in women receiving oestrogens, which have been widely attributed to drug-induced vitamin B6 depletion, can be accounted for by inhibition of kynureninase by oestrogen metabolites.
Agents that Inhibit Bacterial Biofilm Formation (2015)

In the biofilm form, bacteria are more resistant to various antimicrobial treatments. Bacteria in a biofilm can also survive harsh conditions and withstand the host's immune system. Therefore, there is a need for new treatment options to treat biofilm-associated infections. Currently, research is focused on the development of antibiofilm agents that are nontoxic, as it is believed that such molecules will not lead to future drug resistance. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries of antibiofilm agents and different approaches to inhibit/disperse biofilms. These new antibiofilm agents, which contain moieties such as imidazole, phenols, indole, triazole, sulfide, furanone, bromopyrrole, peptides, etc. have the potential to disperse bacterial biofilms in vivo and could positively impact human medicine in the future.
A Methanol-Tolerant Gas-Venting Microchannel for a Microdirect Methanol Fuel Cell (2007)

As a byproduct, gas is constantly generated from the electrochemical reactions of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). In the anodic channel of a DMFC, the gas forms bubbles, which leads to bubble clogging and pressure buildup if the device is miniaturized. Bubble clogging increases the flow resistance in microchannels, calling for excessive power consumption for fuel delivery. Pressure buildup aggravates the undesired crossover of methanol. In order to solve those problems, this paper introduces a gas-venting microchannel that directly removes gas bubbles from the two-phase flows of gas and methanol solution without leakage. By employing a hydrophobic nanoporous membrane, successful venting is achieved for both water and methanol fuel with a concentration of as high as 10 M. The fuel is contained without leakage under overpressures of as high as 200 kPa for both water and 10-M methanol, fulfilling the requirement of the current- as well as next-generation microdirect methanol fuel cells. A 1-D venting rate model is developed and experimentally verified for elongated bubbles. The reported bubble removal approach is also useful for other microfluidic devices, in which the accidental introduction of gas bubbles is prevalent.
Quantification of the Effects of Ionic Strength, Viscosity, and Hydrophobicity on Protein–Ligand Binding Affinity (2014)

In order to quantify the interactions between molecules of biological interest, the determination of the dissociation constant (K d) is essential. Estimation of the binding affinity in this way is routinely performed in "favorable" conditions for macromolecules. Crucial data for ligand-protein binding elucidation is mainly derived from techniques (e.g., macromolecular crystallography) that require the addition of high concentration of salts and/or other additives. In this study we have evaluated the effect of temperature, ionic strength, viscosity, and hydrophobicity on the K d of three previously characterized protein-ligand systems, based on variation in their binding sites, in order to provide insight into how these often overlooked unconventional circumstances impact binding affinity. Our conclusions are as follows: (1) increasing solvent viscosity in general is detrimental to ligand binding, (2) moderate increases in temperature have marginal effects on the dissociation constant, and (3) the degree of hydrophobicity of the ligand and the binding site determines the extent of the influence of cosolvents and salt concentration on ligand binding affinity.
Fabrication of Aligned Fibrous Arrays by Magnetic Electrospinning (2007)

Electrospinning magnetic-nanoparticle-doped polymers under the influence of a magnetic field produces aligned arrays of fibers over large areas (see figure). These nanofibers can be transferred onto the surfaces of other substrates. They can also be stacked into multilayer grids.
A simple device for stationary cultivation of microorganisms (1976)

A new device is designed that is suitable for both laboratory- and industrial-scale cultivation of microorganisms, particularly filamentous fungi, on the surface of liquid media. The device reliably ensures the sterility of cultivation, regardless of its duration. Its installation costs are relatively low and maximum production is reached per unit of installation space. In comparison with submerged cultures in fermentors, the proposed mode does not use a high consumption of energy for stirring and aeration (consequently, the duration of cultivation is not an economically relevant factor) and does not require maintenance of complicated equipment. Due to the building and construction of the technological equipment, the production plant is capable of very fast expansion and, when the need arises of very fast and economical liquidation.
Effect of cetiedil on erythrocyte sickling: new type of antisickling agent that may affect erythrocyte membranes. (1980)

The antisickling effect of cetiedil, alpha-cyclohexyl-3-thiopheneacetic acid 2-(hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)-ethyl ester, has been investigated. The concentration of cetiedil required for 50% inhibition of erythrocyte sickling was about 140 micro M. An antisickling effect was achieved regardless of whether cetiedil was added before or after deoxygenation. The minimal gelling concentration of deoxy Hb S was increased by less than 10% in the presence of 218 micro M cetiedil. The oxygen equilibrium curves of Hb S were not significantly affected by cetiedil. Erythrocytes treated with high concentrations of cetiedil were swollen and became spheroidal. The antisickling effects of cetiedil might be due to an effect on erythrocyte membranes.
Synthesis of Phosphanilic Acid and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Phosphanilic Acid and Related Compounds1G. O. Doak and Leon D. FreedmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 3, 753–754Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01123a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01123a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast Noise Compensation and Adaptive Enhancement for Speech Separation (2008)

We propose a novel approach to improve adaptive decorrelation filtering- (ADF-) based speech source separation in diffuse noise. The effects of noise on system adaptation and separation outputs are handled separately. First, fast noise compensation (NC) is developed for adaptation of separation filters, forcing ADF to focus on source separation; next, output noises are suppressed by speech enhancement. By tracking noise components in output cross-correlation functions, the bias effect of noise on the system adaptation objective function is compensated, and by adaptively estimating output noise autocorrelations, the speech separation output is enhanced. For fast noise compensation, a blockwise fast ADF (FADF) is implemented. Experiments were conducted on real and simulated diffuse noises. Speech mixtures were generated by convolving TIMIT speech sources with acoustic path impulse responses measured in a real room with reverberation time T60=0.3Ã¢Â€Â‰second. The proposed techniques significantly improved separation performance and phone recognition accuracy of ADF outputs.
Heat Transfer Characteristics for Jet Array Impingement With Initial Crossflow (1984)

Two-dimensional arrays of circular air jets impinging on a heat transfer surface parallel to the jet orifice plate are considered. The jet flow, after impingement, is constrained to exit in a single direction along the channel formed by the jet orifice plate and the heat transfer surface. In addition to the crossflow that originates from the jets following impingement, an initial crossflow is present that approaches the array through an upstream extension of the channel. The configurations considered are intended to model the impingement cooled midchord region of gas turbine airfoils in cases where an initial crossflow is also present. A major objective is determination of the effect of initial crossflow air temperature relative to jet array air temperature on impingement surface heat fluxes. Dimensionless adiabatic wall temperatures and Nusselt numbers resolved to one streamwise jet hole spacing were experimentally determined for ratios of initial crossflow rate to total jet flow rate ranging from zero to unity. These results are presented and discussed relative to the flow and geometric parameters.
Extended velocity range in color flow imaging using parallel receive beamforming (2010)

In this work we investigate how advances in parallel receive beamforming (PRB) can be utilized to increase the velocity range in color flow imaging, through the acquisition and processing of longer slow-time ensembles (>;20) at high pulse repetition frequencies. Using unfocused transmit beams and a 16xPRB setup, vascular imaging examples of thyroid, carotid, and peripheral vessels were achieved with 5-10 times increase in velocity range. It is also shown how the approach substantially reduces the velocity bias associated with time-variant clutter filters, yielding more consistent velocity estimates and less flashing artifacts. The approach has particular advantages when imaging low flow or complex vessel architectures, but may also be a step towards a more quantitative CFI modality for a larger range of imaging scenarios.
Determination Of Tryptophan Content In Infant Formulas AndMedical Nutritionals (1992)

Abstract A method was developed for determination of total tryptophan content in soy- and milk-based nutritional products. The method uses enzymatic (pronase) digestion of the protein to release tryptophan, which is separated and quantitated by isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Enzymatic digestion is completed for products containing these types of proteins in less than 6 h and is accomplished under chemically mild conditions (pH 8.5,50°C), which do not significantly degrade tryptophan. Chromatographic separation is complete in about 8 min, including an internal standard. The precision of the method is 1-2% relative standard deviation. Accuracy is demonstrated by agreement with theoretical values for standard proteins (amino acid sequence known) and by quantitative recoveries of overspikes, which use either free tryptophan or a standard protein as the spiking material. The method allows determinations on samples containing a wide range of tryptophan values. Appropriate sample size selection and verification of digestion time requirements should allow the method to be applied to different protein types as well. The method allows 24 h turnaround of tryptophan analyses, and quantitative recoveries represent a significant improvement on existing techniques applied to infant formulas and other nutritional products.