gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Public Perceptions of Australian Assistance Dogs: Happier and Better Used Than Companion Dogs (2021)

Previous studies have revealed cultural differences in perceptions of assistance dogs, but this has not been investigated in almost 20 years. This study aimed to develop an understanding of the Australian public's perceptions toward both assistance and companion dogs. A questionnaire was completed by 258 Australians asking about their interest in, attitudes towards, and perceived happiness of the two types of dogs. Results revealed participants were equally interested in them, but More supportive of the use of assistance dogs, and perceived them as happier. Qualitative analyses revealed participants commonly endorsed the practical benefits of assistance dogs and the emotional benefits of companion dogs. Differences in happiness ratings can potentially be explained by the common endorsement that companion dogs are sometimes neglected while assistance dogs enjoy working and constant companionship with their handler. However, several participants expressed concern regarding the restrictive nature of the assistance work. There was an increase in concerns raised for the welfare of both dogs as compared to previous studies, suggesting a rise in concern about dog welfare and the ethics of keeping dogs for human benefits.
Antiepileptic drugs and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain (2002)

Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder of young humans. Each year 150,000 children in the United States experience their first seizure. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), used to treat seizures in children, infants, and pregnant women, cause cognitive impairment, microcephaly, and birth defects. The cause of unwanted effects of therapy with AEDs is unknown. Here we reveal that phenytoin, phenobarbital, diazepam, clonazepam, vigabatrin, and valproate cause apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain at plasma concentrations relevant for seizure control in humans. Neuronal death is associated with reduced expression of neurotrophins and decreased concentrations of survival-promoting proteins in the brain. beta-Estradiol, which stimulates pathways that are activated by neurotrophins, ameliorates AED-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration. Our findings present one possible mechanism to explain cognitive impairment and reduced brain mass associated with prenatal or postnatal exposure of humans to antiepileptic therapy.
Tilings and patterns : an introduction (1989)

Tilings and Patterns: An Introduction presents in convenient paperback form the first half of Tilings and Patterns. Omitting the more specialized material of the earlier volume, this abbreviated edition make's the authors' contributions to tiling theory and its practical applications accessible to a wide audience. Tilings and Patterns: An Introduction covers historical background, tilings of regular polygons, topological and symmetry properties of tilings, the theory of patterns, and special cases of pattern motifs, among other topics. The authors' presentation is enhanced by hundreds of illustrations that form a visual reference in themselves. This volume is a source of information and examples for designers, artists, architects, engineers, mathematicians, crystallographers, chemists, physicists and others.
Operational Experience of Wet Gas Metering in Malaysia (2004)

Abstract Wet gas metering technology was chosen by ExxonMobil for continuous well testing and advanced production measurement at two satellite platforms located in the South China Sea offshore Malaysia. The satellite facilities are equipped with permanently installed SmartVent wet gas venturi based meters at each well location. Special wet gas flow calculation and monitoring software have been developed and installed on a separate flow computer installation interfaced to the host platform DCS system. Prior to installation the wet gas meters have been subjected to full scale testing at a representative high pressure gas/liquid flow test facility. This has resulted in valuable measurement experience and a unique set of experimental wet gas data. After start up of the field on-site verification/calibration will be performed using the tracer technology method. As of today valuable results have been obtained from the system. The present application is a demonstration that wet gas flow measurement is increasingly gaining acceptance in replacing expensive well test separators and related infrastructure in gas/condensate field developments. Besides the significant cost savings, the availability of continuous readings of each well&#39;s production rates allows for enhanced reservoir management and production optimisation. At the same time experience has shown that successful implementation of wet gas flow measurement requires adequate attention to every aspect of the metering process.
The industrial indoor channel: large-scale and temporal fading at 900, 2400, and 5200 MHz (2008)

In this paper, large-scale fading and temporal fading characteristics of the industrial radio channel at 900, 2400, and 5200 MHz are determined. In contrast to measurements performed in houses and in office buildings, few attempts have been made until now to model propagation in industrial environments. In this paper, the industrial environment is categorized into different topographies. Industrial topographies are defined separately for large-scale and temporal fading, and their definition is based upon the specific physical characteristics of the local surroundings affecting both types of fading. Large-scale fading is well expressed by a one-slope path-loss model and excellent agreement with a lognormal distribution is obtained. Temporal fading is found to be Ricean and Ricean K-factors have been determined. Ricean K-factors are found to follow a lognormal distribution.
High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy quality assurance: a practical guide (2006)

The widespread adoption of high dose rate brachytherapy with its inherent dangers necessitates adoption of appropriate quality assurance measures to minimize risks to both patients and medical staff. This paper is aimed at assisting someone who is establishing a new program or revising one already in place into adhere to the recently issued Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USA) regulations and the guidelines from the American Association of Physicists in Medicine.
Association of Respiratory Syncytial Virus M Protein with Viral Nucleocapsids Is Mediated by the M2-1 Protein (2008)

Cytoplasmic inclusions in respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells comprising viral nucleocapsid proteins (L, N, P, and M2-1) and the viral genome are sites of viral transcription. Although not believed to be necessary for transcription, the matrix (M) protein is also present in these inclusions, and we have previously shown that M inhibits viral transcription. In this study, we have investigated the mechanisms for the association of the M protein with cytoplasmic inclusions. Our data demonstrate for the first time that the M protein associates with cytoplasmic inclusions via an interaction with the M2-1 protein. The M protein colocalizes with M2-1 in the cytoplasm of cells expressing only the M and M2-1 proteins and directly interacts with M2-1 in a cell-free binding assay. Using a cotransfection system, we confirmed that the N and P proteins are sufficient to form cytoplasmic inclusions and that M2-1 localizes to these inclusions; additionally, we show that M associates with cytoplasmic inclusions only in the presence of the M2-1 protein. Using truncated mutants, we show that the N-terminal 110 amino acids of M mediate the interaction with M2-1 and the subsequent association with nucleocapsids. The interaction of M2-1 with M and, in particular, the N-terminal region of M may represent a target for novel antivirals that block the association of M with nucleocapsids, thereby inhibiting virus assembly.
La formación continúa de los jueces: reflexiones para el diseño de procesos, escenarios y recursos de aprendizaje (2012)

La apuesta por una formacion de calidad implica reflexionar sobre las estructuras de gestion, los metodos, escenarios y recursos de aprendizaje que tengan en cuenta el proceso de la formacion juridica antes, en la seleccion, en la fase de formacion inicial y en la fase formacion continua. Esto exige tambien concretar y desarrollar las competencias basicas y profesionales que exige el perfil formativo y, en ellas, volcar las estrategias didacticas adecuadas.
Detection of virus particles by electron microscopy with polyacrylamide hydrogel. (1980)

The use of lyphogel to concentrate the number of virus particles in specimens for electron microscopic examination was studied in parallel with ultracentrifugation. One hundred faecal and urine samples were compared. Both methods had a similar sensitivity. Lyphogel was economical, simple, and rapid in use; in contrast to ultracentrifugation, it required relatively little material. The procedure could be done within a safety cabinet, and virus particles were morphologically undamaged by the process.
Fast force-generation dynamics of human articulatory muscles (2004)

To explore the mechanisms of speech articulation, which is one of the most sophisticated human motor skills controlled by the central nervous system, we investigated the force-generation dynamics of the human speech articulator muscles [orbicularis oris superior (OOS) and inferior (OOI) muscles of the lips]. Short-pulse electrical stimulation (300 micros) with approximately three or four times the sensation threshold intensity of each subject induced the muscle response. The responses of these muscles were modeled as second-order dynamics with a time delay (TD), and the model parameters [natural frequency (NF), damping ratio (DR), and TD] were identified with a nonlinear least mean squares method. The OOS (NF: 6.1 Hz, DR: 0.71, TD: 14.5 ms) and OOI (NF: 6.1 Hz, DR: 0.68, TD: 15.6 ms) showed roughly similar characteristics in eight subjects. The dynamics in the tongue (generated by combined muscles) also showed similar characteristics (NF: 6.1 Hz, DR: 0.68, TD: 17.4 ms) in two subjects. The NF was higher, and the DR was lower than results measured for arm muscles (NF: 4.25 Hz, DR: 1.05, TD: 23.8 ms for triceps long head), indicating that articulatory organs adapt for more rapid movement. In contrast, slower response dynamics was estimated when muscle force data by voluntarily contraction task were used for force-generation dynamics modeling. We discuss methodological problems in estimating muscle dynamics when different kinds of muscle contraction methods are used.
Frequency effects on 2-chlorobiphenyl sonication (2004)

In order to better understand sonication, this paper studies the effect of sound frequency on the 2-chlorobiphenyl (2-CB) sonication and analyzes two prevailing hypotheses. Four frequencies 205, 358, 618, and 1071 kHz were tested. The 2-CB degradation kinetics, dechlorination, and inhibition by a free radical scavenger were examined. The results show that sonication effectively degrades 2-CB, and the first order rate constants using 0.4 W/cm 3 sonication are 0.214, 0.508, 0.454, and and 0.248 min −1 at 205, 358, 618, and 1071 kHz, respectively. Good dechlorination was also achieved. 358 kHz frequency provided the most effi-cient 2-CB degradation, but the worst dechlorination, and was most sensitive to the free radical scavenger. Detailed analyses show that thermolysis is relatively stable at these frequencies while the free radical reaction depends strongly on the sound frequency.
Candidate Paths for Impairment-Aware PCE in 10-100 Gb/s Optical Networks (2011)

Two impairment-aware path computation element (PCE) architectures, exploiting candidate paths, are presented. Novel PCE protocol extension is proposed to improve path computation in multi bit-rate optical networks affected by detrimental non-linear effects among 10 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s lightpaths. The PCE architectures have been successfully experimented on a real 10-100 Gb/s testbed.
Basic principles of accurate dynamic current mirrors (1990)

Basic principles and limitations of accurate dynamic current mirrors based on dynamic analogue techniques are presented. The accuracy of dynamic current mirrors is independent of the mismatch of the transistors building up the mirror, because the same transistor is sequentially used at the input and the output of the mirror. Limitations of such dynamic current mirrors and the influence of clock phase delays are shown through simulated, analytical and experimental results. Improvements are proposed that allow the performance of dynamic current mirrors to be increased.
Discrete wavelength tunable laser using microelectromechanical systems technology (2004)

A discrete wavelength tunable laser has been demonstrated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The laser system is formed by integrating a semiconductor laser, a single-mode optical fiber, and a MEMS mirror onto a single chip. It has overall dimensions of 1.5 mm×1 mm×0.6 mm (not including the optical fiber), and can be tuned to sweep a wavelength range of 13.5 nm within 1 ms. Unlike the conventional continuously tunable lasers, the laser system enables discrete wavelength tuning by making use of a short external cavity and weak feedback.
Nasofacial prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants. (1992)

Surgical ablation in the nasofacial area may lead to defects that can be treated with maxillofacial prosthetic restorations retained by osseointegrated implants. When the prosthesis is large or impacted by masticatory or orbicularis muscle forces, the use of implants placed in available facial skeleton bone may be desirable. Available sites for implant placement in the facial skeleton are described, and a craniofacial site classification is suggested. Two examples of patients treated for nasofacial defects are presented.
0.1-μm GaAs MESFET's fabricated using ion-implantation and photolithography (2002)

A 0.1 /spl mu/m gate length self-aligned GaAs channel MESFET with a maximum current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 113 GHz has been developed. This FET has a planar structure with a selective ion implanted channel layer and self-aligned n/sup +/-layers. The 0.1 /spl mu/m gate length is attained though conventional photolithography and ECR-etching. The tri-level resist technique and two step etching process are developed to attain 0.1 /spl mu/m gate. The demonstration that planar GaAs MESFETs can achieve an f/sub T/ greater than 110 GHz is significant from the view point of LSI fabrication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Empirical QoE study of in-home streaming of online games (2014)

In-home streaming of online game content to a wide range of low-end and thin client devices via wired/wireless local area connections mitigates the effects of network limitations that pose challenges in directly delivering cloud-based games to such devices. In this paper, we study whether (and to what extent) the rendering and streaming of game content to client devices (from an in-home server) imposes a degradation in gaming QoE as compared to the case of using a traditional online game client. We report on the results of an empirical study whereby an in-home game streaming scenario is set up using the GamingAnywhere platform, and participants are asked to provides subjective QoE assessments while a Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing game (World of Warcraft). We test the impact of different delay and loss conditions, emulated along the external Internet link from the online game server to the home. Results show that switching from an online client to a in-home streaming client consistently results in perceived game quality degradations. Further, we report on the willingness to keep playing under different network condition in both online and in-home game streaming cases.
Efficient terahertz generation using trap-enhanced fields in semi-insulating photoconductors by spatially broadened excitation (2007)

The combined effects of large trap-enhanced fields (TEFs) near the anode in semi-insulating photoconductors and enhanced terahertz emission by spatially nonuniform optical illumination are investigated using a self-consistent Poisson–Monte Carlo solver for the carrier transport. In addition, we distinguish self-consistently the screening contributions to the terahertz radiation associated with the Coulomb and radiation fields by incorporating the three-dimensional Maxwell equations into the solver. Efficient terahertz generation is obtained by reducing the impact of these screening effects, which are the main factors underlying the saturation of the terahertz radiation power, by exploiting an elliptical excitation aperture as eccentric as possible with the major axis parallel to the anode and lying to the maximum extent within the large TEF region that occurs within ∼5μm of the anode.
Increase of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition with celecoxib combined with 5-FU enhances tumor cell apoptosis and antitumor efficacy in a subcutaneous implantation tumor model of human colon cancer (2013)

Celecoxib combined with 5-FU could inhibit the growth of tumors in vivo by inducing apoptosis and activation of the cytochrome C dependency apoptosis signal pathway. A decrease of COX-2 and an increase of cytochrome C, caspase-3 and caspase-9 may be involved in this process.
Minimally invasive cancer surgery using focused ultrasound: a pre-clinical, normal tissue study (1994)

Using a focused 1.7 MHz ultrasound field (focal length/transducer diameter ratio of 1.7) and in situ intensities spatially averaged within the half-pressure maximum contour in the range 100-400 W cm-2, ablative lesions have been prescriptively placed singly and in arrays, in the livers and bladder walls of adult female Large White pigs. Exposures were made through the skin with up to 8 cm of intervening tissue. Ablative lesions were placed under ultrasonic guidance, and specific lesion echoes were subsequently observed in two cases. Animals were sacrificed immediately after induction of ultrasonic lesions, post-mortems were performed, as were histological examinations of normal and damaged tissue. There was clear demarcation between ablated and normal tissue. Provided that simple rules on exposure technique had been observed, there was no evidence of inadvertent tissue damage, either locally to the treatment site, or in the tissue lying between the source and the target. This study is a useful step in demonstrating the feasibility of clinical trials for the use of this technique in treating bladder tumours and solitary liver metastases.
Review: Treatment options for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2010)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become increasingly recognized as the most common cause of abnormal liver enzymes in the last few decades and is among the most common forms of chronic liver disease in the Western world and across the globe. With the growing epidemic of obesity and diabetes, NAFLD is estimated to affect about one-quarter of the US population. Although most patients with NAFLD have nonprogressive bland steatosis, a minority of patients develop the histological subtype of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related death. This is especially true when NASH patients have type 2 diabetes. Treatment of NAFLD should therefore be directed towards patients with established NASH. Sustained weight loss seems to improve insulin resistance and associated NASH. In fact, weight loss with bariatric surgery leads to biochemical and histological improvement in morbidly obese patients with NASH. Several pharmacologic agents have been studied in an effort to improve insulin resistance and pro-inflammatory mediators potentially responsible for the development and progression of NASH. While some studies have shown initial promise, none has established long-term efficacy using randomized clinical trials. This paper briefly reviews the epidemiology, natural history, and pathophysiology of NAFLD and NASH and then focuses on the clinical trials of various therapeutic modalities for NAFLD. These include weight loss agents, bariatric surgery, insulin-sensitizing agents, lipid-lowering agents, antioxidants, probiotics, anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, cytoprotective and other novel agents.
Reaktionen der Methylencyclopropane, XI Asymmetrische Nickel(0)‐katalysierte [3 + 2]‐Cycloadditionen von Methylencyclopropanen mit chiralen Acrylsäure‐Derivaten (1989)

Abstract Bei der Nickel(0)‐katalysierten Codimerisierung von Methylencyclopropan ( 1a ) oder 2,2‐Dimethylmethylencyclopropan ( 1b ) mit den chiralen Acrylsäure‐Derivaten 2a–2f werden die 3‐Methylencyclopentancarbonsäureester bzw. ‐amide ( 3a–3f, 4a–4c ) in guten Ausbeuten gewonnen, wobei, in Abhängigkeit von den sterischen Gegebenheiten der chiralen Hilfsstoffe, Diastereomerenüberschüsse bis zu 98% de erzielt werden. Einige Verbesserungen in der Darstellung der optisch reinen Hilfsgruppen werden ebenfalls beschrieben.
Business Object Facilities - A Comparative Analysis. (1998)

Rapidly changing business processes require quick adaption of supporting information systems. Component technologies in general and business objects, in particular seem a promising approach. In this paper, we survey, analyse and compare six business object approaches. We develop a comparison model covering concepts, distribution infrastructure, object facilities and object solutions. We then use the model to analyse the Combined Submission to the OMG Business Object Domain Task Force, the SSA Business Object Facility, Sun&apos;s Enterprise JavaBeans, IBM&apos;s San Francisco, Microsoft ActiveX and the SAP Business Framework. Each of the approaches is described in terms of the model, which allows us to compare them analytically. 1 Introduction Today&apos;s enterprises face highly competitive markets. They are forced to constantly adapt to new requirements, to revisit products, to change processes, to change suppliers and to establish new collaborations. Information systems supporting such ent...
Intracellular Metabolism and In Vitro Activity of Tenofovir against Hepatitis B Virus (2006)

Tenofovir is an acyclic nucleotide analog with activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF), a bis-alkoxyester prodrug of tenofovir, is approved for the treatment of HIV and is currently being developed to treat chronic hepatitis B. In this report, we further characterize the in vitro activity of tenofovir against HBV as well as its metabolism in hepatic cells. We show that tenofovir is efficiently phosphorylated to tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in both HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes. TFV-DP has a long intracellular half-life (95 h) and is a potent and competitive inhibitor of HBV polymerase (Ki = 0.18 microM). Tenofovir has a 50% effective concentration of 1.1 microM against HBV in cell-based assays, and potency is improved > 50-fold by the addition of bis-isoproxil progroups. Tenofovir has previously demonstrated full activity against lamivudine-resistant HBV in vitro and clinically. Here we show that the major adefovir resistance mutation, rtN236T, confers three- to fourfold-reduced susceptibility to tenofovir in cell culture; the clinical significance of this susceptibility shift has not yet been determined. The rtA194T HBV polymerase mutation recently identified in tenofovir DF-treated HIV/HBV-coinfected patients did not confer in vitro resistance to tenofovir as a single mutation or in a lamivudine-resistant viral background. Overall, the antiviral and metabolic profile of tenofovir supports its development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.