gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax1 activation of NF-kappa B: involvement of the protein kinase C pathway (1996)

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax1 induces the activation and nuclear localization of the cellular transcription factor, NF-kappa B. Treatment of cells with calphostin C, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, blocked induction of NF-kappa B DNA binding activity in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-transformed C81 cells and Tax1-stimulated murine pre-B cells, suggesting that PKC was an important intermediate in the NF-kappa B induction pathway. We further demonstrate that Tax1 associates with, and activates, PKC. PKC was coimmunoprecipitated with anti- Tax1 sera from Tax1-expressing MT4 extracts and Jurkat extracts in the presence of exogenous Tax1 protein. In addition, the glutathione-S-transferase-Tax1 protein bound specifically to the alpha, delta, and eta PKC isoenzymes synthesized in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The addition of Tax1 to in vitro kinase reaction mixtures leads to the phosphorylation of Tax1 and an 18-fold increase in the autophosphorylation of PKC. Transfection of Jurkat cells with wild-type Tax1 stimulated membrane translocation of PKC. In contrast, Tax1 mutant M22, which fails to stimulate NF-kappa B-dependent transcription, failed to stimulate membrane translocation of PKC. Tax1 did not directly increase PKC phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha. Our results are consistent with a model in which Tax1 interacts with PKC and stimulates membrane translocation and triggering of the PKC pathway. Subsequent steps in the PKC cascade likely stimulate phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha.
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Water in Carbon Nanopipes (2004)

The ability of the ESEM to condense and evaporate liquids has enabled the in situ dynamic study of condensation, evaporation and transport of water inside carbon nanotubes. It has been possible to see liquid menisci inside straight, CVD-fabricated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having disordered walls. From the measured contact angles, it is clear that these CNTs are hydrophilic. Complex meniscus shapes and slow liquid dynamics due to water confinement and strong interaction with tube walls have been observed.
Effect of thermal annealing and chemical treatments on secondary electron emission properties of atomic layer deposited MgO (2018)

This study reports on the secondary electron emission (SEE) performance of atomic layer deposited MgO films, with thicknesses in the range from 5 to 25 nm, for the application in the Timed Photon Counter. In this novel, photodetector MgO is utilized as a material for the fabrication of ultrathin transmission dynodes (tynodes). Two different types of PECVD silicon oxide films are applied on top of MgO, in order to protect it against etching steps in the fabrication of tynodes and also as a prevention against aging. Applicability of these two materials as capping films is evaluated in terms of achieved secondary electron yield (SEY) of MgO after their removal. Emission of secondary electrons is known to depend on numerous physical and chemical properties of the material, such as surface roughness and chemical composition. On that account, morphological and structural properties of modified MgO are determined by atomic force microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectrometer and linked to the changes in SEE behavior. The authors demonstrate that the application of a suitable capping layer followed by its removal provides an SEY of 6.6, as opposed to the value of 4.8 recorded from the as-deposited MgO film. Furthermore, in a following experiment, they showed that annealing of MgO films at high temperatures (up to 1100 °C) significantly improved the secondary electron emission, elevating the SEY to 7.2.
The constellation-shaping algorithm using closed-form expressions for the number of ring combinations (1999)

The V.34 high-speed modem combines a number of advanced techniques including constellation shaping by shell mapping. This technique makes use of some functions representing the number of ring combinations with a given cost. In this correspondence, closed-form expressions for these functions are given and used in the constellation shaping by the shell-mapping algorithm.
Development and Analysis of Equalization Basins (1985)

Adequate control of wastewater treatment processes with variable input parameters can be achieved through the employment of equalization basins. Variability of input and output parameters are analyzed, and mathematical models of conventional and new configurations of equalization basins describing the propagation of regular and random input signals are presented. Comparison of various designs of equalization basins show that new configurations of equalization basins are more efficient than one‐channel tanks (complete mix, m‐tanks in series, or diffused flow). A substantial advantage of new basin types is in that they can be tuned to the particular spectrum of incoming fluctuations.
Experimentally Induced Phenylketonuria. I. Inhibitors of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimentally Induced Phenylketonuria. I. Inhibitors of Phenylalanine HydroxylaseJoseph I. DeGraw, Michael. Cory, W. A. Skinner, Myna C. Theisen, and Chozo. MitomaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 1, 64–66Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00313a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00313a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The selection <i>in vitro</i> of antibiotics with activity against intracellular <i>S. aureus</i> (1980)

The activity of a range of antibiotics on intracellular Staphylococcus aureus was examined using an in vitro system in which staphylococci survived within bovine neutrophils and extracellular organisms were killed by lysostaphin. Cloxacillin in the presence of lysostaphin caused a reduction in the number of viable intracellular S. aureus but cloxacillin alone failed to reduce such bacteria significantly. The cloxacillin appeared to sensitize the staphylococci to lysis by extracellular traces of lysostaphin following neutrophil disruption. Extracellular staphylococci which remained viable after exposure to cloxacillin in the absence of lysostaphin were subsequently killed more rapidly by neutrophils, but this was not found with bacteria exposed to cloxacillin while inside cells. Vancomycin with lysostaphin produced a similar but smaller sensitization effect but this antibiotic also appeared to increase survival of intracellular staphylococci when compared with controls, possibly by impeding neutrophil bactericidal mechanisms. The only other antibiotic to show significant intracellular killing was rifampicin, and in this case the action was independent of lysostaphin.
Enhancement of Schwann cell myelin formation by K252a in the Trembler‐J mouse dorsal root ganglion explant culture (2004)

The Trembler-J (TrJ) mouse, containing a point mutation in the peripheral myelin protein 22 gene, is characterized by severe hypomyelination and is a representative model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A disease/Dejerine-Sottas Syndrome. Previous studies have shown that protein kinase inhibitor K252a enhances wild-type Schwann cell myelination in culture. We used a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explant culture system from the heterozygous TrJ/+ mouse to investigate if myelination could be enhanced by K252a. The TrJ/+ DRG explant cultures replicated some important features of the TrJ/+ mouse, showing reduced myelin protein accumulation, thinner myelin sheaths, and shortened myelin internodes. K252a increased myelin protein accumulation and myelin sheath thickness but did not substantially increase myelin internode length. Furthermore, the TrJ/+ DRG explant culture and sciatic nerves continued to respond to K252a during the stage when myelination is complete in the wild type. A general tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, but not inhibitors of serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors, had a similar effect to K252a. K252a is therefore able to partially overcome hypomyelination by enhancing mutant Schwann cell myelin formation in the TrJ/+ mouse.
A Cubic Systolic Array and its Properties (2008)

This paper introduces a cubic systolic array and discusses its properties to remark another dimension of a systolic array. A cubic systolic array is a three-dimensional systolic array and features PEs arranged in various directions in a three-dimensional lattice space. Those PEs are communicated with the six adjacent PEs and they are synchronized by global clocks. In a cubic systolic array, a port of a PE is connected to a specified port of an adjacent PE. This is called one-to-one correspondence between ports. One-to-one correspondence is a necessary condition for systolic arrays. Typical systolic arrays hold this condition implicitly by arranging their PEs in the same direction. A cubic systolic array, meanwhile, allows PEs to be arranged in various directions by holding one-to-one correspondence directly. This paper shows that all kinds of one-to-one correspondence between ports are available to cubic systolic arrays so that their PEs are arranged in various directions and then it illustrates five kinds of cubic systolic arrays characterizing cellular automata, shared memories, typical systolic arrays, neural networks, and pipeline memories.
Critical Review: Can brain-computer interface (BCI) systems facilitate communication in persons with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)? (2010)

This critical review evaluates studies about brain-computer interface (BCI) systems and their potential in facilitating communication for persons with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Of the five studies examined, designs included: two quasi-experimental designs and three comparative designs. Altogether, the evidence supports the potential for these systems to be used by people with ALS to communicate. Further development is needed to make BCI communication systems more feasible for everyday use by patients with ALS. Further research is indicated involving larger samples, randomization of participants, blinding of researchers and participants, inclusion of participants with advanced ALS, and investigation into the role of psychological variables within the ALS population. Some clinical implications for speech-language pathologists are discussed.
<title>Guidance System Position Update By Multiple Subarea Correlation</title> (1979)

Correlation is a common and powerful method for updating inertial guidance systems. Performance of correlation methods degrades in the presence of geometric distortion between the images being correlated, or when the image structure is strongly asymmetric. The Multiple Subarea Correlation (MSC) technique has been developed to reduce performance losses due to these effects. The MSC technique consists of selecting a set of subareas from the reference image, and correlating each reference subarea against the sensed image, producing a correlation function for each subarea. There must be at least three subareas; typically six subareas are selected. The correlation functions are processed to determine a consistent set of local maxima which are in gross agreement as to the relative displacement of the two images. Then, using this set of local maxima and the known subarea locations, a least-squared-error estimate of an affine transformation between the two images is computed. The transformation is applied to the update point in the reference image to find the corresponding point in the sensed image. The technique allows selection of subareas with the most favorable content for correlation. Optimum subarea dimensions exist and depend upon the amount of distortion expected. The variance of the update point position is shown to be inversely proportional to the number of subareas.
Synthesis of bis‐heteroaryl piperazine derivatives as potential reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2001)

Abstract Vinylogous analogs of non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors belonging to the bis‐(hetero‐aryl)piperazine (BHAP) series were synthesized by coupling a piperazine derivative with ( E )‐propenoyl derivatives of heterocyclic moieties.
Diverse taxa of cyanobacteria produce β- <i>N</i> -methylamino- <scp>l</scp> -alanine, a neurotoxic amino acid (2005)

Cyanobacteria can generate molecules hazardous to human health, but production of the known cyanotoxins is taxonomically sporadic. For example, members of a few genera produce hepatotoxic microcystins, whereas production of hepatotoxic nodularins appears to be limited to a single genus. Production of known neurotoxins has also been considered phylogenetically unpredictable. We report here that a single neurotoxin, beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, may be produced by all known groups of cyanobacteria, including cyanobacterial symbionts and free-living cyanobacteria. The ubiquity of cyanobacteria in terrestrial, as well as freshwater, brackish, and marine environments, suggests a potential for wide-spread human exposure.
Paracrine Receptor Activation by Microenvironment Triggers Bypass Survival Signals and ALK Inhibitor Resistance in EML4-ALK Lung Cancer Cells (2012)

Paracrine receptor activation by ligands from the microenvironment may trigger resistance to ALK inhibitors in EML4-ALK lung cancer cells, suggesting that receptor ligands from microenvironment may be additional targets during treatment with ALK inhibitors.
PLA‐PEG nanospheres: new carriers for transmucosal delivery of proteins and plasmid DNA (2002)

Abstract There is little doubt that advances in polymer synthesis and in the design of delivery systems will have a profound impact on future therapeutics and immunization practices based on complex molecules such as proteins and plasmids. Our approach in this area has been the design of nanoparticles made of poly(lactic acid)‐poly(ethyleneglycol) (PLA‐PEG), for mucosal delivery of proteins and plasmid DNA. The technologies for the formation of these nanoparticles, were conveniently adapted in order to encapsulate proteins efficiently (i.e., tetanus toxoid) and DNA (i.e., pCMV‐βGal) into a PLA core coated by PEG. These techniques include the w/o/w emulsion–solvent evaporation technique and the w/o emulsion–solvent diffusion technique, both providing high protein/DNA loadings. Results showed that the presence of a PEG coating around the nanoparticles significantly enhanced their stability in the gastrointestinal fluids, as well as in contact with mucus enzymes. This coating was also found to be responsible for the enhanced transport of 125 I‐radiolabelled tetanus toxoid and its delivery to the blood circulation and the lymph nodes, following nasal administration to rats. Additionally, fluorescent microscopy studies aimed at examining the interaction and transport of the nanoparticles through the nasal mucosa demonstrated that these nanoparticles can, indeed, cross the nasal epithelium. Finally, the efficacy of these PEG‐coated nanoparticles as nasal vaccine delivery vehicles was shown in vivo . More specifically, the tetanus toxoid‐loaded nanoparticles were able to elicit enhanced and long‐lasting immunogenic responses following nasal administration. On the other hand, a single dose of encapsulated DNA administered intranasally led to a significant systemic antibody response to the encoded protein, confirming that plasmid DNA can be encapsulated in PLA‐PEG nanoparticles with significant retention of biological function. To summarize, the data reported in the present paper provide evidence of the potential of PLA‐PEG nanoparticles as carriers for the transport of proteins and DNA across mucosal surfaces. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and Characterization of Ruthenium/Carbon Aerogel Nanocomposites via a Supercritical Fluid Route (2005)

Carbon-aerogel-supported ruthenium nanoparticles were synthesized by impregnating carbon aerogels with Ru(acac)3 or Ru(cod)(tmhd)2 from supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) solutions, followed by thermal reduction of these precursors. Two different carbon aerogels with pore diameters of 4 and 21 nm were synthesized. The kinetics and the thermodynamics of impregnation of carbon aerogels with the ruthenium coordination complexes were studied. The approach-to-equilibrium data indicated very fast adsorption, and the adsorption isotherms were found to follow the Langmuir model. The impregnated carbon aerogel complexes were reduced thermally at different temperatures between 300 and 1000 degrees C in the presence of nitrogen. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hydrogen chemisorption. TEM micrographs showed that the ruthenium nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously throughout the porous carbon aerogel matrix, and the average sizes obtained under different conditions ranged from 1.7 to 3.8 nm. Once complete decomposition of the precursor had been achieved, the mean size of the ruthenium particles increased with increasing reduction temperature.
A Dual Authentication Protocol for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs (2005)

In this paper, we first identify a vulnerability of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs in which a compromised access point can still authenticate itself to a wireless station and gain control over the connection, and show that the current IEEE 802.11i standard does not address this problem. We then propose a new protocol that can counter this attack by providing dual authentication for both a wireless station and its corresponding access point at connection setup time using the authentication server. We also consider roaming situations and present a roaming authentication protocol. Finally, we show that our protocol is in conformance with the requirements of the IEEE 802.11i standard, and show that it performs no worse with respect to communication time than IEEE 802.1li using a prototype implementation of each protocol.
Electrical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene composites prepared by a filler prelocalization method (2007)

Abstract The method of preparation and the properties of conductive composites of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene with different carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive fillers are presented. The composites were prepared through the covering of the surface of polyethylene granules with CNTs and sintering under optimized conditions. The electrical and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated as functions of the CNT concentration and CNT dispersion process for several kinds of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The CNTs were not uniformly dispersed in the composites but were prelocalized on the granule boundaries, very efficiently forming conductive networks. It was, however, critically important to ensure the good dispersion of the nanotubes in the microscale, and this was performed by sonication in solvents before dry mixing. Ultralow percolation thresholds were obtained: 0.095 wt % for SWCNTs and 0.05 wt % for MWCNTs (ca. 0.045 vol % for SWCNTs and 0.021 vol % for MWCNTs). The critical exponents were higher than those for uniformly dispersed conductive particles: 2.2 and 2.6 for SWCNTs and for MWCNTs, respectively. The mechanical properties of the composites were also strongly modified by the presence of CNTs. The modulus and ultimate strength increased by about 100% with 2% CNTs. The elongation at break decreased but was still about 500–1000%. Near the electrical percolation threshold, the mechanical properties were not significantly modified. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 158–168, 2007
CellMR: A framework for supporting mapreduce on asymmetric cell-based clusters (2009)

The use of asymmetric multi-core processors with on-chip computational accelerators is becoming common in a variety of environments ranging from scientific computing to enterprise applications. The focus of current research has been on making efficient use of individual systems, and porting applications to asymmetric processors. In this paper, we take the next step by investigating the use of multi-core-based systems, especially the popular Cell processor, in a cluster setting. We present CellMR, an efficient and scalable implementation of the MapReduce framework for asymmetric Cell-based clusters. The novelty of CellMR lies in its adoption of a streaming approach to supporting MapReduce, and its adaptive resource scheduling schemes: Instead of allocating workloads to the components once, CellMR slices the input into small work units and streams them to the asymmetric nodes for efficient processing. Moreover, CellMR removes I/O bottlenecks by design, using a number of techniques, such as double-buffering and asynchronous I/O, to maximize cluster performance. Our evaluation of CellMR using typical MapReduce applications shows that it achieves 50.5% better performance compared to the standard nonstreaming approach, introduces a very small overhead on the manager irrespective of application input size, scales almost linearly with increasing number of compute nodes (a speedup of 6.9 on average, when using eight nodes compared to a single node), and adapts effectively the parameters of its resource management policy between applications with varying computation density.
Proton-proton Overhauser effects of receptor-bound cyclosporin A observed with the use of a heteronuclear-resolved half-filter experiment (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton-proton Overhauser effects of receptor-bound cyclosporin A observed with the use of a heteronuclear-resolved half-filter experimentG. Wider, C. Weber, and K. WuethrichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 12, 4676–4678Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00012a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts