gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power optimization for object detection and tracking in wireless sensor networks (2011)

This paper proposes a novel scheme for effective utilization of power by integrating sleep wake scheduling, clustering and tracking using EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) for predicting the object's movement. It also proposes a novel routing algorithm called Delay-less Optimal Shortest Path Routing Algorithm (DOSPRA), which reduces the routing delays in the cluster. A Cluster Head (CH) receives the event from sensor nodes in its proximity and passes the information to the sink via DOSPRA routing algorithm. The sink predicts the next position of the target using EKF and awakes the appropriate cluster head and the nodes for detecting the events. It is found by the simulation results that this scheme increases lifetime of the network and tracking accuracy.
Characteristics of the Structural Acoustic Loads and Transmission (SALT) facility at NASA Langley Research Center (1998)

The Structural Acoustic Loads and Transmission (SALT) facility at NASA Langley Research Center consists of a reverberant chamber, an anechoic chamber, and a common window. The 267-m3 reverberant chamber is structurally isolated from the rest of the building and is the source room in a transmission loss suite configuration. The receiving anechoic chamber is 4.57 m high, 9.63 m long, and 7.65 m wide, measured wedge tip to wedge tip. The window between the two rooms can accommodate 141×141-cm2 test structures for which sound transmission loss may be measured. Calibration of the transmission loss suite is discussed. The acoustic and structural flanking paths were evaluated by acoustic intensity and cross-spectral accelerometer measurements. Acoustic measurements in the reverberant room are accommodated by covering the window with a stiff, heavy insert. Measured ambient levels, reverberation times, sound field diffusivity, lowest usable frequency, and preferred test object dimensions are discussed. A transportable partition with foam wedges can be placed in front of the covered window in the anechoic chamber to facilitate acoustic free-field measurements. Anechoic room characteristics are presented including acoustic ambient levels, inverse square-law curves, cutoff frequency, and test object versus room size dimensions.
Low-loss plasmonic metamaterial based on epitaxial gold monocrystal film (2012)

We demonstrate high-finesse plasmonic metamaterial with strong resonant response in the near-IR spectral range fabricated using a thin low-loss film of gold monocrystal. The monocrystal was grown using specially formulated simplified crystal growth procedure based on epitaxial deposition, which makes it readily accessible to both plasmonics and metamaterials communities.
The use of fibre optics for in-process monitoring of laser cutting (1989)

Laser cutting is a thermal process. Thus the melt pool temperature is likely to be an indicator of cut quality and may be useful for the control of the process. Since light intensity emitted from a radiant source is proportional to the temperature to the fourth power, the light intensity signal could be a sensitive control signal. Special techniques using fibre optics and photodiodes were used to directly monitor the light emitted from the melt front at the cut face. These signals were analysed and related to the edge striation pattern, dross adhesion and kerf width. The design of an alarm system for the in-process inspection of laser cut quality is discussed.
Can Postlens Tear Thickness be Measured Using Three-Dimensional In Vivo Confocal Microscopy? (2003)

The data suggest that the tear film under a properly fit contact lens is less than the 9-microm axial resolution of our confocal microscope. Furthermore, the potential for undetected eye movement and accidental touching of the contact lens raises questions regarding the overall reliability of the measurements.
우리나라 부동산 정책의 현황과 과제 (2013)

Jun, Gang-Soo Until the early-1960s, most people used to purchase housing and commercial real estate properties by their hard work and savings in Korea. However, due to the government`s real estate policy, which was mistakenly planned and implement
Standards and platforms for open distributed processing (1996)

There has recently been considerable research and development in the field of open distributed processing. The goal of this work is to enable access to distributed services without concern for the underlying environment. A number of standards and platforms have emerged to achieve this goal. This paper provides a tutorial introduction to these initiatives. In particular, the paper examines the ISO standard for a reference model for open distributed processing, OMG's CORBA and OSF's DCE. The paper concludes that these initiatives are different in scope and should be viewed as complementary. The paper also speculates on a path to convergence between the three initiatives although a number of issues remain to be solved before such a convergence can become a reality.
Variations in Regional Sweat Composition in Normal Human Males (2000)

This project aimed to quantify the regional distribution of sweat composition over the skin surface and to determine whether sweat constituent concentrations collected from regional sites can estimate whole-body concentrations. Ten males cycled for 90 min in a 20 degrees C (50% relative humidity) environment at 45% peak aerobic power. Sweat was collected from eleven skin regions and the whole body, using a wash-down technique. Strong relationships were evident between the regional and whole-body sweat [Na+] and [Cl-], such that the thigh and calf exhibited greater correlation coefficients than area-weighted means derived from four and eight skin regions. Therefore, in this particular protocol the whole-body sweat [Na+] and [Cl-] could be predicted from regional sweat collections. Relationships between sweat constituents were evident for sweat [Na+] and pH, and sweat [K+] and [lactate] when data were pooled between skin regions and subjects. To our knowledge this is the first investigation to report a positive relationship between sweat [K+] and [lactate]. The exact mechanism responsible for the positive relationship between sweat [K+] and [lactate] is uncertain although it is speculated to occur at the secretory coil.
Formation of the first injectable poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel by mixing of functional PVA precursors (2007)

Abstract In this study we describe the development of an injectable, in situ chemical hydrogel forming system. The gelation occurs under neutral pH and at room temperature immediately upon mixing of the two aqueous poly (vinyl alcohol) components specifically derivatized through carbamate linkages with aldehyde (PVA‐AL) and hydrazide (PVA‐HY) functional groups, respectively. Aldehyde and hydrazide pendant groups were incorporated with a low degree of substitution (DS) into the PVA backbone to keep PVA structural homogeneity minimally altered. As a result, the hydrazone crosslinks are formed rapidly between aldehyde and hydrazide pendant groups when the correspondingly modified PVA components are brought in contact as water solutions. To assess in situ hydrazone crosslinks formation for in vitro cytocompatibility, murine neuroblastoma N2a cells were suspended in cell culture medium with the dissolved PVA‐HY prior to addition to the PVA‐AL aqueous solution. Thus, the cells were chemically encapsulated in a polymer network that was formed by mixing of the corresponding aqueous solutions of PVA functional precursors. Biochemical analysis revealed that cells survived chemical crosslinking and remained viable in the hydrogel for 4 days of culture. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Molecular Self-Assembly at Bare Semiconductor Surfaces: Cooperative Substrate−Molecule Effects in Octadecanethiolate Monolayer Assemblies on GaAs(111), (110), and (100) (2010)

The structures of self-assembled monolayers formed by chemisorption of octadecanethiol onto the surfaces of GaAs(001), (110), (111-A)-Ga, and (111-B)-As have been characterized in detail by a combination of X-ray photoelectron, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure, and infrared spectroscopies and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. In all cases, the molecular lattices are ordered with hexagonal symmetry, even for the square and rectangular intrinsic substrate (001) and (110) lattices, and the adsorbate lattice spacings are all incommensurate with their respective intrinsic substrate lattices. These results definitively show that the monolayer organization is driven by intermolecular packing forces to assemble in a hexagonal motif, such as would occur in the approach to a limit for an energetically featureless surface. The accompanying introduction of strain into the soft substrate surface lattice via strong S substrate bonds forces the soft substrate lattice to compliantly respond, introducing quasi-2D strain. A notably poorer organization for the (111-A)-Ga case compared to the (111-B)-As and other faces indicates that that the Ga-terminated surface lattice is more resistant to adsorbate packing-induced stress. Overall, the results show that surface molecular self-assembly must be considered as a strongly cooperative process between the substrate surface and the adsorbate and that inorganic substrate surfaces should not be considered as necessarily rigid when strong intermolecular adsorbate packing forces are operative.
Complexity-Scalable Beat Detection with MP3 Audio Bitstreams (2008)

10.1162/comj.2008.32.1.71
Pyrido[2,1-<i>f</i>]purine-2,4-dione Derivatives as a Novel Class of Highly Potent Human A<sub>3</sub> Adenosine Receptor Antagonists (2002)

1H,3H-Pyrido[2,1-f]purine-2,4-diones, which can be described as fused xanthine structures, have been synthesized by a novel synthetic procedure, and their affinities for the human adenosine A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptors have been evaluated in radioligand binding studies. The synthetic procedure employed was developed in our laboratory and involved a two-step one-pot reaction that consists of the treatment of 6-aminouracil derivatives with N-bromosuccinimide to generate a 5,5-dibromo-6-imino intermediate that reacts "in situ" with pyridine, 4-methoxypyridine, 4-tert-butylpyridine, or 4-phenylpyridine to afford the corresponding 1H,3H-pyrido[2,1-f]purine-2,4-diones (2-5). Functionalization at the N(3) position in compounds 2-5 was performed by reaction with DBU and different alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or benzyl halides. Binding studies at human adenosine A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptors revealed significant antagonist effects in the low nanomolar range, in particular against the A(3) receptor. Thus, the 1-benzyl-3-propyl-1H,3H-pyrido[2,1-f]purine-2,4-dione derivative 6, which can be considered a lead compound in this series, exhibited a K(i) value of 4.0 +/- 0.3 nM against the hA(3) receptor. Because xanthine derivatives have traditionally been considered poor A(3) antagonists, the described pyrido[2,1-f]purine-2,4-dione derivatives represent a new family of adenosine receptor antagonists which deserves further exploration.
Li<sub>2</sub>O Removal from Li<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub>: A Cathode Precursor for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2010)

Lithium has been extracted both electrochemically and chemically from the defect antifluorite-type structure, Li5FeO4 (5Li2O·Fe2O3). The electrochemical data show that four lithium ions can be removed from Li5FeO4 between 3.5 and 4.5 V. vs Li0. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data of electrochemically delithiated samples show evidence of some Fe3+ to Fe4+ oxidation during the initial charge. On the other hand, XAS data of chemically delithiated samples show no evidence of Fe3+ to Fe4+ oxidation, but rather a change in coordination of the Fe3+ ions from tetrahedral to octahedral coordination, suggesting that lithium extraction from Li5FeO4 is accompanied predominantly by the release of oxygen, the net loss being lithia (Li2O); the residual lithium-iron-oxide product has a Fe2O3-rich composition. The high lithium content in Li5FeO4 renders it an attractive cathode precursor for loading the graphite (C6) anode of lithium-ion electrochemical cells with sufficient lithium to enable the discharge of a charged component in the parent cathode, Li1.2V3O8, as well as the residual Fe2O3-rich component. The electrochemical behavior of C6/Li5FeO4−Li1.2V3O8 lithium-ion cells is compared to C6/Li2MnO3−Li1.2V3O8 cells containing a layered Li2MnO3 (Li2O·MnO2) cathode precursor with a lower Li2O content, from which lithia can be extracted at higher potentials, typically >4 V vs metallic lithium. The ability to remove Li2O electrochemically from metal oxide host structures with a high lithium content, such as Li5FeO4, has implications for Li-air cells.
The applicability of subtilisin carlsberg in peptide synthesis (2000)

The synthesis of peptide bonds catalysed by subtilisin Carlsberg was studied in different hydrophilic organic solvents with variable H2O concentration. Z-Val-Trp-OMe and Z-Ala-Phe-OMe were used as acyl donors, and a series of amino acid derivatives, di- and tripeptides of the general structure Xaa-Gly, Gly-Xaa, Gly-Gly-Xaa (Xaa represents all natural L-amino acids except cysteine) and other peptides were used as nucleophiles. A comparative study of the enzymatic synthesis in aqueous DMF (50%, v/v) and acetonitrile containing 10% (v/v) of H2O demonstrated that the yields of peptide products were higher in most cases when acetonitrile with low H2O concentration was used. The acylation of weak nucleophiles was improved in organic solvents with very low H2O concentration (2%). The reactions in anhydrous Bu(t)-OH proceeded with substantially lower velocity. Generally, the restricted nucleophile specificity of the enzyme for glycine and hydrophilic amino acid residues in P1' position, as well as numerous side reactions, limit the utilization of subtilisin in peptide synthesis, especially in the case of the segment condensations. Contrary to the published data, we have proved that proline derivatives were not acylated in any media with the help of subtilisin Carlsberg. Effective ester hydrolysis of a protected nonapeptide corresponding to the N-terminal sequence of dicarba-eel-calcitonin catalysed by subtilisin was achieved.
An Overview of Condition Monitoring Techniques for Capacitors in DC-Link Applications (2020)

Capacitors are widely used in dc links of power electronic converters to balance power, suppress voltage ripple, and store short-term energy. Condition monitoring (CM) of dc-link capacitors has great significance in enhancing the reliability of power converter systems. Over the past few years, many efforts have been made to realize CM of dc-link capacitors. This article gives an overview and a comprehensive comparative evaluation of them with emphasis on the application objectives, implementation methods, and monitoring accuracy when being used. First, the design procedure for the CM of capacitors is introduced. Second, the main capacitor parameters estimation principles are summarized. According to these principles, various possible CM methods are derived in a step-by-step manner. On this basis, a comprehensive review and comparison of CM schemes for different types of dc-link applications are provided. Finally, application recommendations and future research trends are presented.
Design and analysis of 1&#x2013;60GHz, RF CMOS peak detectors for LNA calibration (2009)

A CMOS peak detector for 1-60 GHz RF applications is presented. This peak detector tracks the output voltage of a LNA/VCO and the measured signal is used to tune the LNA/VCO to the desired frequency. Different peak detector circuit topologies are analyzed and their performance metrics such as gain, bandwidth and nature of response are compared. The peak detectors were designed for low (2.4 GHz) and high (55-60 GHz) frequency application and tested using two sample LNAs at their respective frequencies. While one of the proposed CMOS peak detectors (90 nm) exploits the higher f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> to achieve 60 GHz operation with optimal power consumption and area overhead, the other low frequency peak detector was designed in 180 nm CMOS. The peak detector is compared with the state of the art detectors. The main advantage of this detector is its minimal area overhead and power consumption.
AS1411-Induced Growth Inhibition of Glioma Cells by Up-Regulation of p53 and Down-Regulation of Bcl-2 and Akt1 via Nucleolin (2016)

AS1411 binds nucleolin (NCL) and is the first oligodeoxynucleotide aptamer to reach phase I and II clinical trials for the treatment of several cancers. However, the mechanisms by which AS1411 targets and kills glioma cells and tissues remain unclear. Here we report that AS1411 induces cell apoptosis and cycle arrest, and inhibits cell viability by up-regulation of p53 and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Akt1 in human glioma cells. NCL was overexpressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm in human glioma U87, U251 and SHG44 cells compared to normal human astrocytes (NHA). AS1411 bound NCL and inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells but not NHA, which was accompanied with up-regulation of p53 and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Akt1. Moreover, AS1411 treatment resulted in the G2/M cell cycle arrest in glioma cells, which was however abolished by overexpression of NCL. Further, AS1411 induced cell apoptosis, which was prevented by silencing of p53 and overexpression of Bcl-2. In addition, AS1411 inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells in an Akt1-dependent manner. Importantly, AS1411 inhibited the growth of glioma xenograft and prolonged the survival time of glioma tumor-bearing mice. These results revealed a promising treatment of glioma by oligodeoxynucleotide aptamer.
Constitutively active mutants of MAP kinase kinase (MEK1) induce growth factor-relaxation and oncogenicity when expressed in fibroblasts. (1994)

The Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) module operates downstream of Ras to convey cell surface signals to the nucleus via the nuclear translocation of p42/p44 MAPKs. We have previously established that MAPK activation is obligatory and must persist in the G1 phase to allow resting fibroblasts to exit from G0 (Pagès et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.1993, 90, 8319-8323). It remained to be established whether MAPK activation was sufficient to trigger cell proliferation. To this aim, we generated and expressed in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, constitutively active mutants of hamster MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK). Three mutants: S218D, S222D and S218D/S222D in which we substituted the Raf1/MAPKKK-dependent regulatory phosphorylation sites by aspartic acid residues, displayed increased basal activity when expressed in fibroblasts. Two of them, S218D and S218D/S222D which have a basal activity higher than serum-stimulated wild type-MAPKK (respectively 2- and 5-fold), induced activation of p42 MAPK in growth factor-deprived cells. Interestingly, only these two mutants led to a growth factor-independent state as judged by early gene transcription (activation of the fos promoter), increased sensitivity to growth factors for reinitiation of DNA synthesis, autonomous cell cycling and rapid tumor formation in nude mice. Therefore we conclude that the downstream elements of the growth factor signalling cascade, MAPKK-MAPK, are both necessary and sufficient to promote growth factor signals and autonomous cell cycling in fibroblasts.
Ferrocenyl Ligands with Two Phosphanyl Substituents in the α,ε Positions for the Transition Metal Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Functionalized Double Bonds (2008)

Following a remark by Fukuzawa et al.,1 we confirm that the stereochemistry of ferrocenyl ligands 2 is not (R,SFc) as described in the original communication, but (R,RFc) as indicated by the X-ray structure of the [Rh(nbd)(2a)]BF4 complex included in the manuscript. Thus, the ferrocene derivatives 2a and 2b have (R,RFc) configuration (Scheme 1). a) CBS catalyst (0.3 equiv), BH3–Me2S, 0 °C, 2 h; b) Ac2O, pyridine, 12 h; c) HNR2, CH3CN, H2O, 12 h; d) tBuLi (3.5 equiv), −78 °C to room temperature (RT), 1 h; then ClPPh2 (2.5 equiv), −78 °C to RT, 1 h.
Epitope Mapping of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus with Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies (1989)

Epitopes of strain A22 Iraq 24/64 of foot-and-mouth disease virus have been mapped with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Three methods were used: (i) an indirect ELISA using an overlapping set of peptides, (ii) production of neutralization escape variants against each MAb and (iii) sequencing of neutralization escape variants. The study has shown that the virus has at least three overlapping liner neutralizing epitopes within a major antigenic site on VP1. The presence of a second, conformational site was demonstrated but its position on the virus particle was not located. Synthetic peptides with sequences representing the major site elicit antibodies which have similar broad cross-neutralizing activity to polyclonal serum or neutralizing MAbs produced with the virus against a range of field isolates.
Effects of Systolic Atrial Function on Plasma Renin Activity and Natriuretic Peptide Secretion after High Rate Atrial and Ventricular Pacing in Dogs (2005)

Rapid atrial rates cause electrical, structural remodeling, and neuro-humoral changes. This study compares the effects of mechanical remodeling on plasma renin activity (PRA) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion. Eight beagles were subjected to rapid atrial pacing (AP) at 400 beats/min for 16 days. After complete recovery of left ventricular function, they underwent rapid ventricular pacing (VP) at 240 beats/min of equal duration. Left atrial systolic maximal dimension (LAmax) and left atrial appendage (LAA) peak late emptying velocity (LAA-E) were assessed by echocardiography. Blood samples were taken from the right atrium and from the peripheral vein. LAmax after AP and VP enlarged significantly (2.16 +/- 0.21 cm vs 2.41 +/- 0.23 cm, P = 0.002). Compared with baseline, LAA-E velocities were significantly reduced (0.65 +/- 0.12 m/s vs 0.26 +/- 0.16 m/s, P = 0.001) after AP only. AP caused a significant elevation of PRA in right atrial (9.28 +/- 4.23 nmol/L per hour) and peripheral samples compared with baseline values (4.82 +/- 2.53 nmol/L per hour, P = 0.04). ANP levels increased after AP (1117.12 +/- 252.21 fmol/L) with respect to baseline values (824.37 +/- 159.08 fmol/L, P = 0.001). There was no difference in PRA and ANP levels between atrial and peripheral samples. Atrial size and impaired systolic appendage function play an important role in secretion of PRA and ANP. Both neuro-humoral pathways may be therapeutic targets in the treatment of patients with AF.
A blinking rotlet model for chaotic advection (1996)

The Stokes flow due to a rotlet in a circle is determined. The solution shows that for a certain position of the rotlet, the flow has a second stagnation point symmetrically placed inside the circle. Thus, a ‘‘blinking rotlet’’ model can be constructed in which the rotlet that is ‘‘off’’ does not disturb the flow. This model seems preferable to the ‘‘blinking vortex’’ flow when discussing chaotic advection by a Stokes flow, and is useful for comparisons with recent experimental and computational investigations of this phenomenon in a cylindrical tank with two rotating cylinders.