gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The 2009 Schizophrenia PORT Psychopharmacological Treatment Recommendations and Summary Statements (2009)

In light of the large number of studies published since the 2004 update of Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team psychopharmacological treatment recommendations, we conducted an extensive literature review to determine whether the current psychopharmacological treatment recommendations required revision and whether there was sufficient evidence to warrant new treatment recommendations for prespecified outcomes of interest. We reviewed over 400 articles, which resulted in 16 treatment recommendations: the revision of 11 previous treatment recommendations and 5 new treatment recommendations. Three previous treatment recommendations were eliminated. There were 13 interventions and/or outcomes for which there was insufficient evidence for a treatment recommendation, and a statement was written to summarize the current level of evidence and identify important gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed. In general, there was considerable consensus among the Psychopharmacology Evidence Review Group and the expert consultants. Two major areas of contention concerned whether there was sufficient evidence to recommend specific dosage ranges for the acute and maintenance treatment of first-episode and multi-episode schizophrenia and to endorse the practice of switching antipsychotics for the treatment of antipsychotic-related weight gain. Finally, there continue to be major gaps in our knowledge, including limited information on (1) the use of adjunctive pharmacological agents for the treatment of persistent positive symptoms or other symptom domains of psychopathology, including anxiety, cognitive impairments, depressive symptoms, and persistent negative symptoms and (2) the treatment of co-occurring substance or medical disorders that occur frequently in individuals with schizophrenia.
Total Synthesis of Aplyronine C (2013)

A highly stereocontrolled total synthesis of the cytotoxic marine macrolide aplyronine C is described. The route exploits aldol methodology to install the requisite stereochemistry and features a crucial boron-mediated aldol coupling of an N-vinylformamide-bearing methyl ketone with a macrocyclic aldehyde to introduce the full side chain. The synthesis of two novel C21-C34 side chain analogs is also reported.
Efficient fast-charging strategies for Li-ion batteries (2015)

The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and to the Principality of Asturias Government (Spain), under Grants DPI2013-46541-R and GRUPIN14-073 respectively
Vasopressin, oxytocin, dynorphin, enkephalin and corticotrophin‐releasing factor mRNA stimulation in the rat. (1987)

1. Cryostat sections were cut through the hypothalamus of rats which had been given a 2% (w/v) NaCl solution to drink for up to 12 days. 2. In situ hybridization histochemistry was performed on these sections using synthetic oligonucleotide probes against part of the precursor sequence for vasopressin, oxytocin, dynorphin, enkephalin and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF). 3. Drinking 2% NaCl solution resulted in a progressive increase of vasopressin, oxytocin and dynorphin mRNAs hybridized in the magnocellular neurones of the supraoptic (s.o.) and paraventricular (p.v.) nuclei. No enkephalin mRNA was detected in the magnocellular areas of the control animals although small quantities of probe did hybridize after 12 days of salt loading and after the stress of I.P. hypertonic saline. 4. Ten-day-lactating female rats were also studied. They had a very marked increase in oxytocin mRNA with smaller increases of vasopressin and dynorphin mRNAs. No detectable enkephalin mRNA was hybridized in the magnocellular s.o. or p.v. nuclei and CRF mRNA was unchanged in both the s.o. nucleus and the p.v. nucleus.
HETEROCYCLIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF TERVALENT NITROGEN (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHETEROCYCLIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF TERVALENT NITROGENH. H. Hatt and Emily F. H. StephensonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 9, 1785–1786Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01249a510https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01249a510research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Galactose-Specific Recognition System in the Fission Yeast <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> (2012)

分裂酵母Schizosaccharomyces pombeでは、ゴルジ体内腔でガラクトース転移酵素により糖タンパク質のN-およびO-結合型糖鎖にガラクトース残基が転移される。ガラクトース残基は分裂酵母の生育には必須ではないが、タンパク質へのガラクトシル化は細胞形態の維持、性的凝集や各種薬剤に対する抵抗性に重要である。酵母において細胞表層の糖タンパク質は凝集や菌糸状の侵入性増殖に重要な役割を果たす。我々は分裂酵母のgsf2+遺伝子が細胞表層複合糖質のガラクトース残基と結合する凝集素をコードしていることを見いだした。分裂酵母の非性的凝集や侵入性増殖はgsf2+遺伝子の発現により厳密にコントロールされている。またガラクトース残基のピルビン酸の付加はN-結合型のガラクトマンナンのガラクトース残基を覆うことにより負に制御している。このように分裂酵母はガラクトースを特異的に認識するシステムを有しており、Gsf2/凝集素タンパクが細胞間相互作用を成立させるために必須の役割を果たしていることがわかった。
6.6 Reference-Noise Compensation Scheme for Single-Ended Package-to-Package Links (2020)

A recent trend in high-performance systems is distribution of computing across many chips and packages to sustain performance scaling while achieving high yield and alleviating power delivery. High-end data center systems and new applications like deep neural network (DNN) accelerators with scalable architecture [1] may extend the system from large chip-scale computing not just to package-scale multi-chip modules (MCM), but also to PCB-scale computing systems. An essential requirement for these distributed systems is a highly scalable low-power and high-bandwidth interconnect system, that can cover a wide range of integration and channel distances. Ideally, the same low-power links designed for ultra-short reach interconnects in MCM should be used in more challenging board-level environments.
Quadrature FM gyroscope (2013)

A dual mass vibratory gyroscope sensor demonstrates the quadrature frequency modulated (QFM) operating mode, where the frequency of the circular orbit of a proof mass is measured to detect angular rate. In comparison to the mode-matched open loop rate mode, the QFM mode receives the same benefit of improved SNR but without the penalties of unreliable scale factor and decreased bandwidth. A matched pair of gyroscopes, integrated onto the same die, is used for temperature compensation, resulting in 6 ppb relative frequency tracking error, or an Allan deviation of 370 deg/hr with a 70 kHz resonant frequency. The integrated CMOS electronics achieve a capacitance resolution of 0.1 zF/rt-Hz with nominal 6 fF sense electrodes.
An instrument for measuring toothbrushing force using PIC microcontroller technology (2002)

This paper presents the design of a novel instrument for measuring toothbrushing force applied through the bristle axis using an off-the-shelf hollow-handled toothbrush. Dental clinicians require to provide toothbrushing instruction to their patients and to advise them to avoid brushing forces that damage the teeth. This instrument enables brushing forces to be measured accurately. Digitised force measurements are captured by a miniature microcontroller and transmitted to a graphics display using a 418 MHz radio transmitter. The adoption of modern microelectronic manufacturing has allowed the toothbrush electronics and power supply to be integrated into the brush handle so that clinical protocols may be conducted unimpeded by the measurement apparatus. A PC computer provides an online display of the force-time measurements during toothbrushing. The signal trace is then analysed to extract clinically relevant measurements which can be integrated into an electronic patient records system.
Parallel genetic algorithm taxonomy (2003)

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are powerful search techniques that are used to solve difficult problems in many disciplines. Unfortunately, they can be very demanding in terms of computation load and memory. Parallel genetic algorithms (PGAs) are parallel implementations of GAs which can provide considerable gains in terms of performance and scalability. PGAs can easily be implemented on networks of heterogeneous computers or on parallel mainframes. We review the state of the art on PGAs and propose a new taxonomy also including a new form of PGA (the dynamic deme model) which was recently developed.
Synthesis, Photochromic, and Computational Studies of Dithienylethene‐Containing β‐Diketonate Derivatives and Their Near‐Infrared Photochromic Behavior Upon Coordination of a Boron(III) Center (2013)

A series of dithienylethene-containing 1-thienyl-3-aryl-propane-1,3-diones (aryl = phenyl (Ph), thienyl (Th), and 4,5-bis(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl (DTE-Th)) and the corresponding boron(III) diketonates, (O^O)BR(2) (R = F, C(6)F(5), and Ph), have been designed and synthesized. Their photophysical, electrochemical, and photochromic properties have been studied. Upon coordination of a boron(III) center, the closed forms of the dithienylethene-containing β-diketonates show near-infrared response and the photochromic behavior was also found to be affected by the aryl substituents at the 3-position of the β-diketonates. Moreover, computational studies have been performed that help to provide an understanding of the effect of substituents on the photophysical and photochromic properties.
Selective Generation of Gut Tropic T Cells in Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) (2003)

In the current study, we address the underlying mechanism for the selective generation of gut-homing T cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). We demonstrate that DCs in the GALT are unique in their capacity to establish T cell gut tropism but in vivo only confer this property to T cells in the presence of DC maturational stimuli, including toll-like receptor-dependent and -independent adjuvants. Thus, DCs from mesenteric LNs (MLNs), but not from spleen, supported expression of the chemokine receptor CCR9 and integrin alpha4beta7 by activated CD8+ T cells. While DCs were also required for an efficient down-regulation of CD62L, this function was not restricted to MLN DCs. In an adoptive CD8+ T cell transfer model, antigen-specific T cells entering the small intestinal epithelium were homogeneously CCR9+alpha4beta7+CD62Llow, and this phenotype was only generated in GALT and in the presence of adjuvant. Consistent with the CCR9+ phenotype of the gut-homing T cells, CCR9 was found to play a critical role in the localization of T cells to the small intestinal epithelium. Together, these results demonstrate that GALT DCs and T cell expression of CCR9 play critical and integrated roles during T cell homing to the gut.
Alkylation of amines. New method for the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds from primary and secondary amines (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation of amines. New method for the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds from primary and secondary aminesHarold Z. Sommer and Larry L. JacksonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 5, 1558–1562Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00830a064https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00830a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3027Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Movement of Alachlor and Metribuzin from Controlled Release Formulations in a Sandy Soil (1992)

Field and column experiments were conducted to determine the effect of controlled release formulations on weed control and leaching of alachlor and metribuzin on a Plainfield sand. Controlled release formulations including two starch encapsulations of both herbicides and a microencapsulation of alachlor were compared to emulsifiable concentrate and dry flowable formulations of alachlor and metribuzin, respectively. Herbicide movement was measured in laboratory columns and in the field throughout two growing seasons to a soil depth of 91 cm. Soybean injury and weed control were monitored. No significant differences in herbicide movement between starch-encapsulated and emulsifiable concentrate formulations were observed in either field or column experiments. Microencapsulation resulted in the greatest retention of alachlor in the soil surface in field and columns. Compared to the dry flowable formulation, starch encapsulation did not affect metribuzin distribution in the field but reduced leaching in columns. Controlled release formulations did not result in significant differences in weed control and soybean injury compared to the emulsifiable concentrate alachlor and dry flowable metribuzin formulations. Starch encapsulations had a limited effect on alachlor and metribuzin movement. Degradation appeared to be the primary mechanism for herbicide dissipation while leaching losses were minor.
Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Deprotection of <i>p</i>-Methoxybenzyl Ether (1997)

The p-methoxybenzyl protecting group was readily removed from alcohols and phenols using catalytic amounts of AlCl3 or SnCl2•2H2O in the presence of EtSH at room temperature. Under these mild conditions other protecting groups such as methyl and benzyl ethers, p-nitrobenzoyl esters, TBDPS ethers and isopropylidene acetal were unchanged.
Enzyme immobilization on fibrin (1976)

The following conclusions can be drawn concerning the utilization of fibrin to immobilized enzyme systems. Fibrin can be used both as a powder or membrane, to covalently immobilize trypsin with retention of activity. Carbon-14 labeled trypsin can be used to estimate the amount of immobilized enzyme on a proteinaceous support. Significant amounts of noncovalently coupled (adsorbed) enzyme are present on the surface of the support. Esterase activity of the immobilized labeled trypsin was inversely proportional to the amount of attached enzyme. Optimum TAME hydrolysis occurred at pH 8-8.4. The storage stability of trypsin was enhanced. Inhibition of trypsin esterase activity occurred at substrate concentrations greater than 30mM.
Approximate altitude transitions for high-speed aircraft (1995)

In a previous paper, a near-optimal guidance law for the ascent trajectory from Earth surface to Earth orbit of a hypersonic, dual-mode propulsion, lifting vehicle was derived. The energy-state approximation was used to determine the near-optimal flight path and the operation of the propulsion system. In this paper, the problem of the instantaneous altitude transitions that occur in energy-state approximation is addressed. The approach is to model the transitions as a sequence of two load factor-bounded paths (either climb-dive or dive-climb). The precise location of the transition is determined from analysis of the boundary-layer equations associated with the energy-state dynamic model.
AAA proteases of mitochondria: quality control of membrane proteins and regulatory functions during mitochondrial biogenesis (2001)

An ubiquitous and conserved proteolytic system regulates the stability of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins. Two AAA proteases with catalytic sites at opposite membrane surfaces form a membrane-integrated quality control system and exert crucial functions during the biogenesis of mitochondria. Their activity is modulated by another membrane-protein complex that is composed of prohibitins. Peptides generated upon proteolysis in the matrix space are transported across the inner membrane by an ATP-binding cassette transporter. The function of these conserved components is discussed in the present review.
Cryptic plasmid pFNL10 from Francisella novicida-like F6168: The base of plasmid vectors for Francisella tularensis (1996)

The plasmid pFNL100 was created by ligation of Escherichia coli plasmid pBR328 and plasmid pFNL10 from Francisella novicida-like strain F6168. This plasmid was able to replicate and to express the genes for chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance in both E. coli and F. tularensis. The origin of replication of pFNL10, needed for the replication of pFNL100 in F. tularensis, was mapped. A Sau3A-deletion derivative of pFNL100, designated pFNL200, was constructed. This plasmid could replicate only in F. tularensis and was found to be stably inherited during cultivation both on solid medium and in liquid cultures.
The application of fluidics technology for organ preservation. (2004)

A prototype design of a portable, pulsatile, perfusion preservation device based on a novel application of fluidics technology was tested to evaluate its ability to oxygenate preservation solution and to examine the relationship between organ resistance, perfusion pressure, and perfusion flow characteristics. The effects of organ resistance on pulse rate, perfusion pressure, and perfusion flow were modeled. Interstitial PO2 in canine hearts stored at 4 degrees C for 12 hours in the fluidics device (n = 5) and in static hypothermic storage (n = 5) was also compared. Increasing outflow resistance did not have an effect on operating frequency of the fluidics actuator. Perfusion pressure rose as outflow resistance was increased, and the flow of preservation solution decreased proportionately. The PO2 of the preservation solution increased to 300 mm Hg in two hours and reached a plateau that exceeded 400 mm Hg within six hours. The aortic flow profile during pulsatile perfusion resembled a square wave function with a mean pulse duration of 0.30 +/- 0.05 seconds. Oxygen delivery by the fluidics perfusion device exceeded the oxygen requirements of the hypothermically preserved organs at all resistance levels. Initial interstitial PO2 in the hearts of both groups was greater than 150 mm Hg. In perfused hearts, PO2 declined 30% by the 12th hour, whereas complete depletion of oxygen was noted in the static storage group within six hours. The fluidics organ perfusion/transport apparatus weighs less than 18 kg, uses no electrical power, and can operate continuously for 10 to 12 hours expending 780 L of oxygen.
Transparent optical signal regeneration using a nonlinear bistable device (1993)

Transparent optical signal regeneration is demonstrated using a nonlinear bistable distributed-feedback/Fabry-Perot (DFB/FP) structure, which has a high switching contrast (>40 : 1), fast recovery time (4 ns) and low threshold power (2 mW).
Transforming Growth Factor-  and Wound Healing (2006)

Acute and chronic wounds are a source of significant morbidity for patients, and they demand a growing portion of health-care time and finances to be devoted to their care. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has surfaced from abundant research as a key signal in orchestrating wound repair. In beginning this review, we discuss the inflammatory, proliferative, and maturational phases of wound healing. We then focus on TGF-beta by first discussing the pathway from its production to the target cell where Smad proteins execute an intracellular signaling cascade. To review TGF-beta's role in wound healing, we discuss the actions of it individually on keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and monocytes, which are the major cell types involved in wound repair. From illustrating these cellular actions of TGF-beta, we summarize its multipotent role in the process of wound repair. As a clinical correlation, we also review research dedicated to the involvement of TGF-beta in venous stasis ulcers.
Fracture of polymer chains in extensional flow: Experiments with DNA, and a molecular-dynamics simulation (1990)

The behaviors of polymer chains in simple shear flow and in flows with a large component of extension are now considered to be qualitatively different [R. B. Bird, C. F. Curtiss, R. C. Armstrong, and O. Hassager, Dynamics of Polymeric Liquids, 2nd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1987), Vol. 2, Chap. 13]. To examine the extensional case, we have fractured DNA molecules in solution in steady sink (primarily extensional) flow. DNA was chosen for this study because it can be obtained as monodisperse, unique-sequence material, and because the size distribution of the fracture fragments can be obtained by gel electrophoresis. Dilute monodisperse T7 DNA (Mw=26×106) solutions were recirculated through a 0.13 mm orifice in a flat plate. The flow field upstream of the orifice closely approximated an ideal sink flow, being free of vortices under the conditions used, DNA concentrations less than 12.5 μg/mℓ and flow rates less than 0.045 cm3/s. The kinetics of the fracture at low flow rates showed an initial lag period followed by a period of first-order rate; the lag period disappeared at higher flow rates while the first-order period persisted. The fracture rate increased exponentially with the flow rate. Contrary to the classic theory by Frenkel, our experimental results showed fracture products broadly distributed in size; this anomaly was explained by a bead-spring molecular-dynamics computer simulation. The simulation showed that just prior to chain fracture the chain was aligned parallel to the flow but contained many folds, so that points of maximum stress were not usually at the molecular center. These results suggest that the residence time in the converging flow was too short for the chain to reach complete extension.