gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leptin stimulates uncoupling protein‐2 mRNA expression and Krebs cycle activity and inhibits lipid synthesis in isolated rat white adipocytes (2000)

The treatment of rats and mice with leptin causes dramatic body fat reduction and in some cases even disappearance of fat tissue. Here, we report the effects of leptin (10 and 100 ng.mL-1) on isolated rat adipocytes maintained for 15 h in culture. Leptin decreased the incorporation of acetate into total lipids by 30%. A reduction in this incorporation (42%) was still observed after the leptin-cultivated adipocytes were exposed to a supra-physiological insulin concentration (10 000 microU.mL-1). On the other hand, leptin increased acetate degradation by 69% and the maximal activity of citrate synthase by 50% in isolated adipocytes. It also increased oleate degradation by 35 and 50% at concentrations of 10 and 100 ng. mL-1, respectively. Eventually, leptin upregulated the uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) mRNA level by 63% and had no effect on uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) mRNA in isolated adipocytes. The upregulation of UCP2 mRNA might have contributed to the stimulation of acetate and fatty acid degradation by leptin. The peripheral effects of leptin observed in this study are in line with the general energy dissipating role postulated for this hormone and for UCP2. They suggest mechanisms by which adipocytes regulate their fat content by an autocrine pathway without the participation of the central nervous system.
Ethical Issues in Intergenerational Equity (1991)

ABSTRACT Any discussion of intergenerational equity must address value questions as well as matters of “fact.” Such examinations, unfortunately, have approached the issue from the viewpoint of “quandary ethics,” asking only, “what can we do to resolve this dilemma?” This article suggests as a way beyond the impasse created by such an approach a turn toward an ethic of virtue, which asks, “who should we be in order to have the kind of society we want?” Special attention is given to the notion of “civic virtue” that was so important to the founders of the United States, and the roots of such virtue in certain key biblical concepts are explored.
The Configuration of Polymer Molecules. II. Isotactic Polystyrene (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Configuration of Polymer Molecules. II. Isotactic PolystyreneW. R. Krigbaum, D. K. Carpenter, and Seymour NewmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1958, 62, 12, 1586–1592Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/j150570a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (826 KB) Get e-Alerts
Cooperative Object Tracking with Multiple PTZ Cameras (2007)

Research in visual surveillance systems is shifting from using few stationary, passive cameras to employing large heterogeneous sensor networks. One promising type of sensor in particular is the pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera, which can cover a potentially much larger area than passive cameras, and can obtain much higher resolution imagery through zoom capacity. In this paper, a system that can track objects with multiple calibrated PTZ cameras in a cooperative fashion is presented. Tracking and calibration results are combined with several image processing techniques in a statistical segmentation framework, through which the cameras can hand over targets to each other. A prototype system is presented that operates in real time.
Cardenolide analogs. 9. Synthesis and biological activity of 17.beta.-carbomethoxyethylene and 17.beta.-cyanoethylene 14.alpha.-H steroids (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCardenolide analogs. 9. Synthesis and biological activity of 17.beta.-carbomethoxyethylene and 17.beta.-cyanoethylene 14.alpha.-H steroidsAlex Gelbart, John Boutagy, and Richard ThomasCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1979, 22, 3, 287–290Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00189a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (557 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Abkömmlinge des Äthylenmercaptans, SH.CH<sub>2</sub>.CH<sub>2</sub>SH, Dithioäthylens SH.CH:CH.SH und des Dithioacetylens SH.C⋮C.SH (1912)

Das Athylenmercaptan ist durch die Untersuchungen von K e r n e
Effect of Ionic Strength on Initial Interactions of <i>Escherichia coli</i> with Surfaces, Studied On-Line by a Novel Quartz Crystal Microbalance Technique (1999)

A novel quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique was used to study the adhesion of nonfimbriated and fimbriated Escherichia coli mutant strains to hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces at different ionic strengths. This technique enabled us to measure both frequency shifts (Deltaf), i.e., the increase in mass on the surface, and dissipation shifts (DeltaD), i.e., the viscoelastic energy losses on the surface. Changes in the parameters measured by the extended QCM technique reflect the dynamic character of the adhesion process. We were able to show clear differences in the viscoelastic behavior of fimbriated and nonfimbriated cells attached to surfaces. The interactions between bacterial cells and quartz crystal surfaces at various ionic strengths followed different trends, depending on the cell surface structures in direct contact with the surface. While Deltaf and DeltaD per attached cell increased for nonfimbriated cells with increasing ionic strengths (particularly on hydrophobic surfaces), the adhesion of the fimbriated strain caused only low-level frequency and dissipation shifts on both kinds of surfaces at all ionic strengths tested. We propose that nonfimbriated cells may get better contact with increasing ionic strengths due to an increased area of contact between the cell and the surface, whereas fimbriated cells seem to have a flexible contact with the surface at all ionic strengths tested. The area of contact between fimbriated cells and the surface does not increase with increasing ionic strengths, but on hydrophobic surfaces each contact point seems to contribute relatively more to the total energy loss. Independent of ionic strength, attached cells undergo time-dependent interactions with the surface leading to increased contact area and viscoelastic losses per cell, which may be due to the establishment of a more intimate contact between the cell and the surface. Hence, the extended QCM technique provides new qualitative information about the direct contact of bacterial cells to surfaces and the adhesion mechanisms involved.
Clock gating optimization with delay-matching (2011)

Clock gating is an effective method of reducing power dissipation of a high-performance circuit. However, deployment of gated cells increases the difficulty of optimizing a clock tree. In this paper, we propose a delay-matching approach to addressing this problem. Delay-matching uses gated cells whose timing characteristics are similar to that of their clock buffer (inverter) counterparts. It attains better slew and much smaller latency with comparable clock skew and less area when compared to type-matching. The skew of a delay-matching gated tree, just like the one generated by type-matching, is insensitive to process and operating corner variations. Besides, delay-matching ECO of a gated tree excels in preserving the original timing characteristics of the gated tree.
From Epoxide to Cyclodithiocarbonate Telechelic Polycyclooctene through Chain-Transfer Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP): Precursors to Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes (NIPUs) (2016)

Telechelic polycyclooctenes (PCOEs) have been successfully synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP)/cross-metathesis (CM) of cyclooctene (COE) using Grubbs’ second-generation catalyst (G2) in the presence of epoxide-functionalized chain-transfer agents (CTAs). The monofunctional epoxide oxiran-2-ylmethyl acrylate CTA (1) afforded the isomerized α-(glycidyl alkenoate),ω-propenyl functional (IMF) PCOEs. The use of 1,4-benzoquinone (BZQ) as additive completely inhibited the C═C isomerization process, thereby leading selectively to α-(glycidyl alkenoate),ω-vinyl telechelic (MF) PCOE. On the other hand, difunctional epoxide CTAs, bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) fumarate (3), bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) maleate (4), bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) (E)-hex-3-enedioate (5), and (Z)-1,4-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)but-2-ene (6), selectively afforded the corresponding α,ω-di(glycidyl alkenoate) telechelic PCOEs (DF) along with minor amounts of cyclic nonfunctional (CNF) PCOE. In the presence of these difunctional symmetric CTAs, the mechanism is proposed to proceed through a tandem one-pot CM/ROMP/ring-closing metathesis (RCM) approach. CM was more effective with Z- than E-configurated CTAs (4 > 6 ≫ 3 ≫ 5), regardless of the presence of a methylene group in-between the C═C double bond and the glycidyl moiety. Subsequent dithiocarbonatation of the α,ω-diepoxide telechelic PCOEs upon reaction with CS2 in the presence of LiBr quantitatively afforded the first examples of bis(cyclodithiocarbonate) end-functional PCOEs. Ensuing aminolysis of the bis(cyclodithiocarbonate) telechelic PCOEs with the polyether (triethylene glycol) diamine JEFFAMINE EDR-148 quantitatively afforded, at room temperature without any added catalyst, the desired poly(mercaptothiourethane)s NIPUs, as evidenced from FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, and DSC analyses.
Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers: Technology and Application (2012)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic tranducers (cMUTs) have recently emerged as an alternative to conventional piezoelectric transducers. They offer many advantages in terms of bandwidth, fabrication of layer arrays, efficiency, and sensitivity. This research presents the principles of operation, fabrication process steps, and application of the capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer. The study also demonstrates in detail the collapse voltage design parameter of a cMUT membrane. Several important applications are presented to show the feasibility of using cMUTs which are demonstrated by imaging examples in immersion and air due to the cMUT capability of producing large bandwidth (123% fractional bandwidth) and lower impedance mismatch. Finally, the advantages of three-dimensional echographic images based on moving ultrasound linear array its technique are discussed in detail and compared with those of two-dimensional optical hand geometry.
NO dissociation on polycrystalline palladium studied with a Pd-metal-oxide-semiconductor structure (1989)

The dissociation probability of NO when adsorbed on polycrystalline Pd as a function of temperature (323–523 K) has been studied with a Pd-metal-oxide-semiconductor (Pd-MOS) structure. For comparison the same experiments were also carried out with O2, which adsorbs dissociatively in the whole temperature region, and with CO, which adsorbs molecularly. It was found that the Pd-MOS structure can be used as a very sensitive sensor for NO dissociation and that dissociation of NO starts to be significant at temperatures around 400 K. The results are also compared with electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, work-function, and desorption studies.
VISCO-LOK: A Speed-Sensing Limited-Slip Device with High-Torque Progressive Engagement (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">It can be noted that there is an increasing demand for simple, self-controlling, speed-sensing limited-slip devices with progressive locking characteristics and high torque capacity, in particular in Sport Utility Vehicle and light truck axle and transfer case applications. Existing speed-sensing systems mostly have a degressive locking characteristic curve; other designs are too complex for high volume production. Torque-sensing Limited-Slip Differentials (LSD) that are fully ABS-compatible, provide an insufficient locking effect under extreme surface conditions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Visco-Lok (“the system”) is a new speed-sensing limited-slip device with high-torque progressive engagement and is tuned to minimize driveline windup. This new LSD allows a wide range of calibration in specifying the level of torque transfer at any particular speed difference. This self-controlling stand-alone system consists of a unique shear pump design creating a pressure proportional to a speed difference, which engages a friction clutch to transmit the torque. A unique feature of the shear pump is that it is self-contained and independent, requiring no external source of hydraulic fluid. The viscous shear pump, which is filled with silicone fluid, provides significant benefits in packaging, temperature stability, durability, and weight.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">By simple mechanical means, various torque characteristics ranging from degressive to progressive can be realized to optimize both traction and handling. Asymmetrical characteristics are possible with minimum additional effort; the device can be switched off by simple speed-actuated or an externally controlled valve.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This system can be used as a differential biasing device in conjunction with an open differential or as an “on-demand” torque transfer between the axles of the vehicle, resulting in the system as a basis for a comprehensive limited-slip system.</div>
Relaxed Tree Search MIMO Signal Detection Algorithm Design and VLSI Implementation (2006)

This paper presents an implementation-oriented breadth-first tree search MIMO detector design solution. Techniques at algorithm and VLSI architecture levels are developed to improve the implementation efficiency. Using Synopsys synthesis tool with 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, we designed soft-output detectors for 4 /spl times/ 4 MIMO channel with 64-QAM modulation. With the silicon areas less than 15 mm/sup 2/, the detectors can achieve up to about 80 Mbps and realize the performance very close to detectors using the sphere decoding algorithm.
Highly porous and photoluminescent pyrene-quinoxaline-derived benzimidazole-linked polymers (2014)

Successful incorporation of pyrene-quinoxaline building units into benzimidazole-linked polymers leads to highly porous frameworks that are semiconducting and photoluminescent.
Antitumor Activity of TAK-285, an Investigational, Non-Pgp Substrate HER2/EGFR Kinase Inhibitor, in Cultured Tumor Cells, Mouse and Rat Xenograft Tumors, and in an HER2-Positive Brain Metastasis Model (2013)

Breast cancer therapy has improved following the development of drugs with specific molecular targets, exemplified by inhibitors of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) such as trastuzumab and lapatinib. However, these drugs have little effect on brain metastasis due to the combined effects of poor penetration of the blood-brain barrier and their removal from the central nervous system (CNS) by the p-glycoprotein (Pgp) drug efflux pump. We investigated the effects of TAK-285, a novel, investigational, dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitor that has been shown to penetrate the CNS and has comparable inhibitory efficacy to lapatinib which is a known Pgp substrate. Tested against a panel of 96 kinases, TAK-285 showed specificity for inhibition of HER family kinases. Unlike lapatinib, TAK-285 is not a substrate for Pgp efflux. In mouse and rat xenograft tumor models, TAK-285 showed antitumor activity against cancers that expressed HER2 or EGFR. TAK-285 was as effective as lapatinib in antitumor activity in a mouse subcutaneous BT-474 breast cancer xenograft model. TAK-285 was examined in a model of breast cancer brain metastasis using direct intracranial injection of BT-474-derived luciferase-expressing cells and showed greater inhibition of brain tumor growth compared to animals treated with lapatinib. Our studies suggest that investigational drugs such as TAK-285 that have strong antitumor activity and are not Pgp substrates may be useful in the development of agents with the potential to treat brain metastases.
Impact of Channel Estimation on Ultra-Wideband System Design (2007)

The impact of imperfect estimates on ultra-wideband (UWB) system performance is investigated when path delays and path amplitudes are jointly estimated. The Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of the path delay estimates is presented as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and signal bandwidth. The performance of a UWB system employing a Rake receiver and maximum ratio combining is analyzed taking into account estimation errors as predicted by the CRB. Expressions of the bit error rate (BER) are obtained displaying the effect of the number of pilot symbols and the number of multipath components on the overall system performance. Allocations of power resources to pilot symbols are determined to optimize the BER. Results indicate that the impact of path delay estimation errors has to be taken into account, particularly at low SNR. Finally, the estimation errors are taken into account to optimize the signal bandwidth and the number of fingers of the Rake receiver in UWB systems. With limited number of pilot symbols (< 10), the optimal bandwidth is smaller than 1 GHz. For a given bandwidth of 2 GHz, the optimum number of paths to be processed by Rake receivers is approximately 20.
Field Application of Laboratory Friction Pressure Correlations for Borate Crosslinked Fluids (1991)

ABSTRACT This paper presents (1) test procedures and equipment to model friction pressure behavior of borate crosslinked fluids in hydraulic fracturing operations, (2) effects of various parameters on friction pressure of borate crosslinked fluids, (3) field case histories, and (4) detailed discussion of the implications of findings resulting from this investigation. As a result of this investigation, improved friction pressure predictions are obtained and therefore bottomhole treating pressures have been interpreted more accurately. With a better understanding of formation characteristics from the more accurate BHTP, success rate of stimulation treatments using borate crosslinked fluids has been greatly improved.
Placement of UAVs as Communication Relays Aiding Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Networks (2007)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been used for surveillance and reconnaaissance operations. Such communications enabled platforms can also be effectively utilized to enhance the communications transport capabilitites of a mobile ad hoc wireless network. When properly embedded into the architecture of a communications network, the resultirng UAV aided terrestrial network architecture is expended into a multi-layered hierarchical network structure. The UAV aided network can provide for transport of flows that span longer distances, yield better reliability, higher mobility based robustness and upgraded throughput capacity. We have recently proposed the `robust throughput' and `robust throughput capacity' measures to characterize the capability of a mobile ad hoc wireless network to provide for robust and survivable transport of flows. Robust service is critically required for supporting applications that involve flow transactions that must not, with high probability, be transported along routes that are prematurely interrupted. To enhance the robust throughput performance of mobile ad hoc wireless networks, we present in this paper a method and algorithm that are used to place relay nodes, such as UAVs, in locations that efficiently serve to support the robustness and capacity requirements of the underlying mobile ad hoc wireless network system, and to compute the optitmal (flow admission oriented) regulation and distribution of traffic flow classes across terrestrial and UAV based routes. Our schemes are used to determine effective 3-D coordinates for placing a UAV relay node to provide for such joint performance upgrade.
Smad protein and TGF-β signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (2003)

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) plays a role in vascular remodeling by stimulating vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth and matrix-protein synthesis at sites of vascular injury. Smad proteins have been shown to mediate intracellular signaling of this growth factor. We investigated the expression and phosphorylation of Smads in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. In addition, we evaluated the effects of overexpression of Smad proteins on TGF-beta signal transduction by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. In rat SMC, Smad1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and Smad5 were detected by immunoprecipitation. Using antisera against phosphorylated Smad2, we showed that TGF-beta1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Using adenovirus-mediated transfection method, we demonstrated that overexpression of Smad2 or Smad4 was associated with an increased production of TGF-beta1-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). However, the most prominent expression of PAI-1 was observed upon cotransfection of both Smad2 and Smad4. Both the proliferative effect of TGF-beta1 under serum-free conditions and its anti-proliferative effect under serum-rich conditions were suppressed by the adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Smad7. These results indicated that Smads proteins were expressed in vascular SMC and that they mediated TGF-beta signaling in those cells.
Issues in database management of multimedia information (2002)

Discusses the current state-of-the-art issues in multimedia database management systems. The most important aspect of data management is the semantic modeling and indexing of multimedia information. We discuss various schemes to represent temporal synchronization requirements and highlight current research challenges facing the multimedia database community.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>