gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A small SOS‐induced toxin is targeted against the inner membrane in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2008)

We previously reported on an SOS-induced toxin, TisB, in Escherichia coli and its regulation by the RNA antitoxin IstR-1. Here, we addressed the mode of action of TisB. By placing the tisB reading frame downstream of a controllable promoter on a plasmid, toxicity could be analysed in the absence of the global SOS response. Upon induction of TisB, cell growth was inhibited and plating efficiency decreased rapidly. The onset of toxicity correlated with a drastic decrease in transcription, translation and replication rates. Cellular RNA was degraded, but in vitro experiments showed that TisB did not affect translation or transcription directly. Thus, these effects are downstream consequences of membrane damage: TisB is predicted to be hydrophobic and membrane spanning, and Western analyses demonstrated that this peptide was strictly localized to the cytoplasmic membrane fraction. Membrane damage and cell killing under tisB multicopy expression are also seen by live/death staining and the formation of ghost cells. This is reminiscent of another toxin, Hok of plasmid R1, which also targets the membrane. The biological significance of the istR/tisB locus is still elusive; deletion of the entire locus gave no fitness phenotype in competition experiments.
[RU 486 (mifepristone): a new tool for labor induction women at term with live fetus]. (1992)

A prospective double-blind randomized study was undertaken to evaluate the use of RU-486 for induction of labor at term with living infants. 120 patients at 37 weeks of pregnancy or over were included. 60 were given 200 mg RU-486 per day for 48 hours and the others were given placebos. The 120 women all had a medical indication for induction of labor. In the RU-486 and placebo groups respectively, 27 and 28 were past term, 10 and 13 had preeclampsia, and 6 and 4 showed signs of intrauterine growth retardation. 75 were primiparas. Pregnancy ages ranged from 37.5 weeks to 41.4 and averaged 39.8. The uterus was scarred in 30 cases. The 2 groups were homogeneous in maternal age, pregnancy age, average parity, number of primiparas and number of scarred uterus, and average Bishop scores indicating cervical status. 3 patients in the RU-486 and 5 in the placebo group were excluded from the analysis because of deteriorating obstetrical status in the 12 hours after administration of the 1st pill. For all vaginal deliveries, the total dose in international units of oxytocin was lower in the RU-486 group: 2.41 +or- 2.4 international units, vs. 4.48 +or- 2.66 in the placebo group. The difference was also found in women undergoing caesareans, 2.97 +or- 1.82 vs 4.94 +or- 2.41 in the controls. 31 women in the RU-486 group but only 10 in the placebo group underwent spontaneous labor. It was possible to induce labor on the 4th day following administration of the 1st dose of RU-486 or placebo using prostaglandin (PG) E1 in 13 patients in each group. 13 patients in the RU-486 group and 32 in the placebo group still had Bishop scores under 4 on the 4th day. For this subgroup of 45 patients, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the average dose of PG E2. Indication of labor with RU-486 alone was especially successful after 40 weeks of gestation. In this series, RU-486 was successful in spontaneously inducing labor in over 80% of pregnancies around 41 weeks of gestation. There were no significant differences in the RU-486 and placebo groups in the type of delivery, average duration of labor, use of anesthetic, or neonatal condition. Maternal tolerance of RU-486 was good. There were no cases of metrorrhagia. RU-486 was shown to be useful for women with scarred uteri, in whom the use of oxytocin and prostaglandins for induction of labor remains relatively contraindicated.
Ratios of Surface Area to Volume For Common Fine Fuels (1970)

Abstract The ratio of surface area to volume (σ), an indicator of fuel flammability, was determined for needles of eight conifer species, five grasses, leaves of two hardwood species, and a beard lichen. Surface area and volume of needles, grasses, and lichens were estimated, using measurements of perimeter, cross-sectional area, and length; similar estimates for hardwood leaves were made, using blueprint outlines and thickness. Calculations of σ from these estimates gave values ranging from 45 cm²/cm³ to 632 cm²/cm³. Shape factors, relating measured cross-sectional perimeters to circumferences calculated from measured cross-sectional areas as circles, ranged from 1.1 to 4.3. Minor errors in σ are traceable to several sources in the method, but accuracy is hard to assess because true surface is difficult to define. Forest Sci. 16:101-105.
Modification of <i>Trichoplusia ni</i> Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Passaged <i>in vivo</i> (1978)

A designated strain of plaque-purified Trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) was used to initiate a serial passage series in vivo. The virulence of polyhedra inclusion bodies (PIB) and the distribution of MP (many PIB) and FP (few PIB) strains in hemolymph were monitored. When virus was passaged per os as PIB, there was no major change in virulence after 15 passes in insects. Plaque analysis of hemolymph from the infected insects indicated that there was no selection for the FP strain of virus. There was little overall change in the infectivity of nonoccluded virus (NOV) after 16 passes by injection into T. ni larvae; however, plaque analysis of the hemolymph from the infected insects indicated progressive selection of FP virus. It is postulated that when PIB are the vehicles of virus transmission, there is no progressive accumulation of noninfectious FP PIB; however, when NOV are the vehicles of virus transmission, FP NOV production displaces MP virus synthesis. This may result from a growth advantage of the FP NOV over the MP NOV as shown in vitro and from the noninfectious nature of FP PIB.
Characterization of elliptic core fiber acousto-optic tunable filters operated in the single mode and the multi-mode range (2002)

Summary form only given. We have fabricated an elliptical-core fiber that can be applied to broadband acousto-optic devices operated in both 1.5 and 1.3 /spl mu/m communication windows. We believe the interaction of acoustic wave with the optical modes to have a strong potential in fiber characterization.
Patterning method for silicides based on local oxidation (1995)

Oxidation of CoSi2 layers on Si(100) using oxidation masks has been investigated. It is shown that local oxidation can be used to pattern the silicide layer. This method allows the formation of buried interconnects and metallized silicon mesa structures. Epitaxial CoSi2 silicide layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(100). The SiO2/Si3N4 oxidation mask was patterned photolithographically with linewidths of typically 1.5 μm. During thermal oxidation, SiO2 forms in the unprotected regions of the silicide layer. The silicide is pushed into the substrate in these regions. At a critical oxide thickness, the oxidized region of the silicide layer separates from the unoxidized, in conformance with the structure of the oxidation mask. The oxide capped silicide maintains its uniform layer structure and its single crystallinity in spite of the large shift into the substrate. The method should be applicable also to polycrystalline silicides, such as TiSi2.
β‐glucan triggers spondylarthritis and Crohn's disease–like ileitis in SKG mice (2012)

Our findings indicate that the SKG ZAP-70W163C mutation predisposes BALB/c mice to SpA, resulting from innate and adaptive autoimmunity, after systemic β-glucan or mannan exposure.
3D interslab echo‐shifted FLASH sequence for susceptibility weighted imaging (2015)

An interslab ES sequence was developed with high time efficiency and relatively high image SNR compared with the conventional acquisition sequences. Magn Reson Med 76:222-228, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ibogaine and addiction in the animal model, a systematic review and meta-analysis (2016)

Ibogaine is a naturally occurring substance which has been increasingly used in the lay-scene to reduce craving and relapse in patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). Although human clinical trials on the safety and efficacy of ibogaine are lacking, animal studies do support the efficacy of ibogaine. In this systematic review and meta-analysis (MA), we summarise these animal findings, addressing three questions: (1) does ibogaine reduce addictive behaviour in animal models of SUDs?; (2) what are the toxic effects of ibogaine on motor functioning, cerebellum and heart rhythm?; (3) what are neuropharmacological working mechanisms of ibogaine treatment in animal models of SUDs? MA of 27 studies showed that ibogaine reduced drug self-administration, particularly during the first 24 h after administration. Ibogaine had no effect on drug-induced conditioned place preference. Ibogaine administration resulted in motor impairment in the first 24 h after supplementation, and cerebral cell loss even weeks after administration. Data on ibogaines effect on cardiac rhythm, as well as on its neuropharmacological working mechanisms are limited. Our results warrant further studies into the clinical efficacy of ibogaine in SUD patients in reducing craving and substance use, but close monitoring of the patients is recommended because of the possible toxic effects. In addition, more work is needed to unravel the neuropharmacological working mechanisms of ibogaine and to investigate its effects on heart rhythm.
Optical properties of turbulent channel flow (1990)

We have measured the scaling behavior of the turbulent scattering of a beam transmitted through a heated channel flow and conclude that the use of He in a properly engineered channel allows for efficient operation of gas cooled disk amplifiers at average power.
Drop Weight Testing of Brass Breakaway Couplings (2011)

This was the first phase of an investigation to determine the suitability of free-cutting brass couplings for use in minimizing vehicular damage and driver or passenger injury when light poles are impacted. Breakaway couplings are required by Federal regulation to fracture when a modest size sedan traveling at 20 miles per hour or greater impacts a supported light pole. The required limit of impact deceleration that would be experienced by persons in this vehicle is limited to 5 m/s [16.4 ft/sec] at 20 and 60 mph. These brass couplings are intended to replace currently used aluminum or steel couplings, which could potentially save significant resources for the State of Illinois, as well as other states. This investigation used drop weight testing on a short strike tube that was attached to the couplings and then to a concrete pedestal which simulated an actual concrete foundation. The focus of the drop weight testing was to determine the size and depth of grooves needed to be cut into the brass couplings to provide the desired breakaway performance. This testing compared a variety of designs produced by the Illinois DOT with the Transpo SPM 4100 high strength steel coupling which had already been approved by the Federal Highway Administration. The test program used a rigid steel cylinder and thick base plate which simulated an actual light pole. Because of the nature of the drop weight test set up, certain variables, including the weight of the light pole and luminaries, its stiffness and radius of gyration, and stiffness of the impact point in an actual crash, could not be simulated. However, these variables were tested later in full scale pendulum impact tests in the second phase of this project.
Anodic Polarization of Some Ferritic Stainless Steels in Chloride Media (1969)

Potentiodynamic polarization experiments were performed in 0.1N hydrochloric acid with 17% chromium ferritic stainless steels containing up to 3% molybdenum and with 18% Cr‐2% Mo ferritic stainless steels containing 0–2% nickel and 0–2% titanium. Potentiodynamic polarization studies with the 17% chromium alloys were also performed in 1N hydrochloric acid and in 1N sulfuric acid + 0.1N sodium chloride media. The critical current densities were significantly decreased with an increased molybdenum content. The pitting potentials were increased with increased molybdenum and titanium contents, whereas nickel additions had no effect. All materials were sensitive to crevice corrosion. Sulfate ions in the inhibited pitting corrosion and suppressed crevice corrosion.
Characterization of Pgp3, a<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Plasmid-Encoded Immunodominant Antigen (2010)

Human antibody recognition of Chlamydia trachomatis plasmid-encoded Pgp3 protein is dependent on the native conformation of Pgp3. The structural basis for the conformation dependence and the function of Pgp3 remain unknown. Here, we report that Pgp3 trimerization is required for the recognition of Pgp3 by human antibodies. In a native polyacrylamide gel, Pgp3 purified from a bacterial expression system migrated as stable trimers that were dissociated into monomers only by treatment with urea or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) but not nonionic detergents. Human antibodies recognized trimeric but not monomeric Pgp3, suggesting that Pgp3 is presented to the human immune system as trimers during C. trachomatis infection. The endogenous Pgp3 secreted into the chlamydial outer membrane complex or host cell cytosol is always trimerized. Intact Pgp3 trimers were eluted from the outer membrane complex by a combination of nonionic detergents with reducing agents but not by the presence of either alone. These observations have provided important information for further understanding the role of Pgp3 in chlamydial pathogenesis and potentially optimizing Pgp3 as a subunit vaccine candidate antigen.
Comparative fit indexes in structural models. (1990)

Normed and nonnormed fit indexes are frequently used as adjuncts to chi-square statistics for evaluating the fit of a structural model. A drawback of existing indexes is that they estimate no known population parameters. A new coefficient is proposed to summarize the relative reduction in the noncentrality parameters of two nested models. Two estimators of the coefficient yield new normed (CFI) and nonnormed (FI) fit indexes. CFI avoids the underestimation of fit often noted in small samples for Bentler and Bonett's (1980) normed fit index (NFI). FI is a linear function of Bentler and Bonett's non-normed fit index (NNFI) that avoids the extreme underestimation and overestimation often found in NNFI. Asymptotically, CFI, FI, NFI, and a new index developed by Bollen are equivalent measures of comparative fit, whereas NNFI measures relative fit by comparing noncentrality per degree of freedom. All of the indexes are generalized to permit use of Wald and Lagrange multiplier statistics. An example illustrates the behavior of these indexes under conditions of correct specification and misspecification. The new fit indexes perform very well at all sample sizes.
Lithium and Motor Activity of Animals:Effects and Possible Mechanism of Action (1980)

The effects of lithium on spontaneous activity, exploratory activity, hyperactivity and stereotypy induced by drugs, drug-induced hypoactivity and activity rhythms of animals are reviewed. Attention is given to the rationale for the studies and the relation of research on motor activity of animals to he therapeutic and prophylactic actions of lithium against manic-depressive illness. The most consistent effects of lithium on motor activity of animals are found on exploratory activity, hyperactivity and stereotypy induced by drugs that alter monoaminergic neurotransmission, and rhythmic activity driven by endogenous biological clocks. Suppressant effects of lithium on motor activity appear related to alterations in monoaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, to actions of thyroid hormones and to alterations in postsynaptic depolarization. Potentiating effects of lithium on activity seem to be due to alterations in the sensitivity of monoamine receptors. Some suggestions are made concerning further studies of interest to investigate the mechanisms of action of lithium on motor activity.
Influence of various technological parameters on the preparation of spray-dried poly(epsilon-caprolactone) microparticles containing a model antigen (2000)

This work evaluates the efficacy of the spray-drying technique to prepare poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) microparticles containing an entrapped model antigen (bovine albumin, BSA). The presence of a stabiliser was found to be an important parameter when preparing PCL microparticles containing a hydrophilic antigen. The effect of various technological parameters (concentration of the polymer and protein solutions, organic/aqueous phases ratio, nature of solvents and emulsion parameters such as duration and speed of agitation) on microparticle morphology and size, BSA entrapment and encapsulation efficiency was studied. Microparticles were characterized by a mean size from 9.56+/- 0.25 to 24.31+/- 2.87mum and a BSA entrapment from 0.80+/- 0.02 to 24.21+/- 0.23% (w/w). SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing (IEF) confirmed the conservation of the physicochemical characteristics of the BSA entrapped within PCL microparticles produced by spray-drying. Together, these results showed that spray-drying is an efficient technique to overcome the key obstacle that represents the scaling-up of the manufacturing process to produce sufficient quantities of vaccine for clinical trials and, ultimately, commercialization.
Cerebral emboli detected during bypass surgery are associated with clamp removal. (1994)

The majority of emboli detected during coronary artery bypass grafting are associated with the release of clamps. Clamp manipulation may lead to release of aortic atheromatous debris. These emboli may be relevant to neurocognitive outcome.
Soybean and wheat crops: Growth, fertilization, and yield (2009)

Preface Influence Of The Soybean Seed Coat Upon Seed Infestation And Development Of The Insect Callosobruchus maculatus Modelling the Water Balance Components of the Soybean Canopy by Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer Model Characterisation of Soybean Cultivars: Rapid HPLC Profiling Based on Protein Markers Effect of Liming, N And P Fertilisation of a Lixisol on the Growth of Selected Soybean Cultivars under Sub-Humid Tropical Conditions in Zimbabwe Natural Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol in Soybean Grown in Serbia Stem Boring of Soybean by Dectes Texanus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and the Nature of its Impact on Yield Fusarium Head Blight and DON Contamination Management in Soft and Durum Wheat Cultivation Growing Wheat for High Alcohol Yield - Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Approaches Genetic Improvement of Wheat Yield Potential and Adaptation in China Wheat in Bangladesh: Yield Growth, Production Performance and Determinants Stabilizing Productivity of Drought-Stressed Crops by Foliar Application of Alkanolamines Wheat: Composition and Feeding Value for Poultry Index.
The Bon Accord Mine (2013)

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Four-dimensional (4D) image reconstruction strategies in dynamic PET: Beyond conventional independent frame reconstruction (2009)

In this article, the authors review novel techniques in the emerging field of spatiotemporal four-dimensional (4D) positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction. The conventional approach to dynamic PET imaging, involving independent reconstruction of individual PET frames, can suffer from limited temporal resolution, high noise (especially when higher frame sampling is introduced to better capture fast dynamics), as well as complex reconstructed image noise distributions that can be very difficult and time consuming to model in kinetic parameter estimation tasks. Various approaches that seek to address some or all of these limitations are described, including techniques that utilize (a) iterative temporal smoothing, (b) advanced temporal basis functions, (c) principal components transformation of the dynamic data, (d) wavelet-based techniques, as well as (e) direct kinetic parameter estimation methods. Future opportunities and challenges with regards to the adoption of 4D and higher dimensional image reconstruction techniques are also outlined.
Self-Association of Telomeric Short Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Containing a dG Cluster. (1991)

Oligonucleotides containing a dG cluster, d(TmGnTm), are models of single-stranded parts of telomeric deoxyribonucleic acid and substitutes for poly(dG). Electrophoretic and spectroscopic analyses of the oligomers indicate that the oligomers can form two alternative structures, single- and quadruple-stranded helices, in solution at room temperature. The transformation of the single-strandef form into the quadruple-stranded form or vice versa is undetectable in 0.1 M NaCl at 4.3 x 10(-5) M strand concentration at room temperature. However, at a 50-fold higher strand concentration, the single-stranded oligomer is gradually converted into the quadruplex. An increase in ionic strength stabilizes the single-stranded structure, so it seems to inhibit the formation of the quadruplex. The quadruplex, [d(TTGGGGTT)]4, is resistant to denaturation in 7 M urea, in which the Watson-Crick type d(TTGGGGTT).d(AACCCCAA) duplex dissociates. An increase in the number of T residues facilitates the dissociation of the quadruplex by heating. Thus the number of T residues surrounding the dG cluster might control the rigidity of the quadruplex structure.
Determination of Molecular Inclination in Rubbed Polymer for Liquid Crystal Alignment by Measuring Retardation (1993)

Liquid crystal molecules on a rubbed polymer alignment layer are aligned at some polar angle away from the surface, but the physical reason for this pretilt is not yet clearly understood. In our research, we have developed a new method to determine the tilted direction of the polymer by a precise measurement of the optical retardation using Senarmont ellipsometry. Using this method, we also studied the tilt angle of the polymer molecules near the surface of a side-chain polymer layer as a function of the rubbing strength and compared the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal to the tilted direction of the polymer.
Endothelial Healing in Vein Grafts (2002)

These results suggest a burst of graft endothelial cell proliferation that allows a rapid restoration of cell density in the monolayer. Additionally, there is a selective effect of E2F decoy gene therapy on target smooth muscle cells with sparing of this endothelial healing.
Methods for specimen removal from the peritoneal cavity after laparoscopic excision (2013)

Key content Mini laparotomy (suprapubic, transumbilical, ancillary port‐site) and posterior colpotomy are methods that have been used for the removal of specimens excised laparoscopically, with the use of morcellators and endoscopic bags growing in popularity in recent years. The size, cystic versus solid component and the risk of malignancy are essential factors influencing the route of specimen retrieval. The risk of spillage (especially in suspected early malignancy) has to be considered during excision and retrieval. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopy ( NOTES ) may be the operative and retrieval route of the future. Learning objectives To be aware of the different methods and routes of retrieving laparoscopically excised specimens. To be aware of the risks associated with each method and route. To review the factors that will influence the optimal choice of route and method. Ethical issues In the age of specialisation, a clinician who is not specially trained in operative laparoscopic surgery should not be practicing it. To minimise complications, the excision and retrieval of specimens via minimally invasive incisions should be limited to specially trained individuals.