gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Upregulation of Interleukin-8 Secretion from Pulmonary Epithelial Cells by Direct and Monocyte-Dependent Effects of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (2000)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the major cause of severe bronchiolitis in infants. Pathology of this infection is partly due to excessive proinflammatory leukocyte influx mediated by chemokines. Although direct infection of the respiratory epithelium by RSV may induce chemokine secretion, little is known about the role of cytokine networks. We investigated the effects of conditioned medium (CM) from RSV-infected monocytes (RSV-CM) on respiratory epithelial (A549) cell chemokine release. RSV-CM, but not control CM (both at a 1:5 dilution), stimulated interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion from A549 cells within 2 h, and secretion increased over 72 h to 11,360 +/- 1,090 pg/ml without affecting cell viability. In contrast, RSV-CM had only a small effect on RANTES secretion. RSV-CM interacted with direct RSV infection to synergistically amplify IL-8 secretion from respiratory epithelial cells (levels of secretion at 48 h were as follows: RSV-CM alone, 8,140 +/- 2,160 pg/ml; RSV alone, 12,170 +/- 300 pg/ml; RSV-CM plus RSV, 27,040 +/- 5,260 pg/ml; P < 0.05). RSV-CM induced degradation of IkappaBalpha within 5 min but did not affect IkappaBbeta. RSV-CM activated transient nuclear binding of NF-kappaB within 1 h, while activation of NF-IL6 was delayed until 8 h and was still detectable at 24 h. Promoter-reporter analysis demonstrated that NF-kappaB binding was essential and that NF-IL6 was important for IL-8 promoter activity in RSV-CM-activated cells. Blocking experiments revealed that the effects of RSV-CM depended on monocyte-derived IL-1 but that tumor necrosis factor alpha was not involved in this network. In summary, RSV infection of monocytes results in and amplifies direct RSV-mediated IL-8 secretion from respiratory epithelial cells by an NF-kappaB-dependent, NF-IL6-requiring mechanism.
MEMS scanned laser head-up display (2011)

Head-up displays (HUD) in automobiles and other vehicles have been shown to significantly reduce accident rates by keeping the driver's eyes on the road. The requirements for automotive HUDs are quite demanding especially in terms of brightness, dimming range, supplied power, and size. Scanned laser display technology is particularly well-suited to this application since the lasers can be very efficiently relayed to the driver's eyes. Additionally, the lasers are only turned on where the light is needed in the image. This helps to provide the required brightness while minimizing power and avoiding a background glow that disturbs the see-through experience. Microvision has developed a couple of HUD architectures that are presented herein. One design uses an exit pupil expander and relay optics to produce a high quality virtual image for built-in systems where the image appears to float above the hood of the auto. A second design uses a patented see-through screen technology and pico projector to make automotive HUDs available to anyone with a projector. The presentation will go over the basic designs for the two types of HUD and discuss design tradeoffs.
The gene for HMSN2C maps to 12q23-24 (2003)

The gene for HMSN2C maps to 12q23-24. This region is associated with SCA2, scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy, and congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the specific gene alteration and its relationship with nearby genes.
Block wavelet transform coding of images using classified vector quantization (1995)

A new coding scheme for image compression using classified two-channel conjugate vector quantization (TCCVQ) of the wavelet coefficients is proposed. This scheme exploits residual correlation among different layers of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain and thereby improves the encoding efficiency by taking advantage of the DWT and TCCVQ, which requires less computational complexity and less storage (memory). In this scheme, DWT coefficients are rearranged to form the small blocks, which are composed of the corresponding coefficients from all subbands. The block matrices, then, are classified and further divided into subvectors depending on the DWT coefficient statistics as this allows efficient distribution of bits. Simulation results show that the reconstructed images preserve fine and pleasant qualities based on both subjective and mean square error criteria at a bit rate of 0.3 bit/pel (bpp).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inflammatory stress increases receptor for lysophosphatidylcholine in human microvascular endothelial cells (2003)

The atherogenic serum lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is known to mediate vascular endothelial responses ranging from upregulation of adhesion molecules and growth factors to secretion of chemokines and superoxide anion. We investigated whether endothelial cells express receptors for LPC, which may account for their actions. Human brain microvascular (HBMEC) and dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were prepared for RT-PCR analysis for possible expression of the G protein-coupled receptors, GPR4 and G2A, which are believed to be specific LPC receptors. Results indicated that HBMEC expressed low basal GPR4 mRNA, but stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (100 U/ml) or H2O2 (50 micromol/l) for 2 h or overnight upregulated expression severalfold. In contrast, HMEC expressed high basal GPR4 mRNA, which was not further increased by either TNF-alpha or H2O2 stimulation. Another LPC receptor, G2A, was not detected in either endothelial cell type. Competition binding studies were made to evaluate specific binding of [3H]LPC to the intact endothelial cell monolayer. Basal specific [3H]LPC binding in HBMEC was approximately eight times lower than in HMEC; however, TNF-alpha or H2O2 stimulation increased [3H]LPC binding on HMBEC but not HMEC. The results indicated that GPR4 expression was consistent with specific [3H]LPC binding. Overall, we report that endothelial cells selectively expressed GPR4, a specific LPC receptor. Furthermore, GPR4 expression by HBMEC, but not HMEC, was increased by inflammatory stresses. We conclude that endogenous GPR4 in endothelial cells may be a potential G protein-coupled receptor by which LPC signals proinflammatory activities.
R-L-C Circuit Model of the Gradient System to Improve Spiral-scan Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2007)

The k-space trajectory is important in the design of spiral pulse sequence as well as in the reconstruction of the acquired data. The real trajectory is, however, usually deviated from the theoretical trajectory obtained from the gradient waveforms due to the eddy currents and non-ideal performances of the gradient systems such as finite bandwidth and slew rate. Such deviations inevitably result in distortions in the reconstructed image. In this paper, we derived an R-L-C circuit model to estimate the real k-space trajectory, by which a significant improvement of reconstructed image quality was achieved at 3 Tesla MRI system.
Targeted imaging and inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer metastases by a PDGFRβ aptamer (2018)

While the overall mortality for breast cancer has recently declined, management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still challenging because of its aggressive clinical behavior and the lack of targeted therapies. Genomic profiling studies highlighted the high level of heterogeneity of this cancer, which comprises different subtypes with unique phenotypes and response to treatment. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) is an established mesenchymal/stem cell-specific marker in human glioblastoma and, as recently suggested, it may uniquely mark breast cancer cells with stem-like characteristics and/or that have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition. <b>Methods</b>: Immunohistochemical analysis for PDGFRβ expression was performed on a human TNBC tissue microarray. Functional assays were conducted on mesenchymal-like TNBC cells to investigate the effect of a previously validated PDGFRβ aptamer on invasive cell growth in three-dimensional culture conditions, migration, invasion and tube formation. The aptamer was labeled with a near-infrared (NIR) dye and its binding specificity to PDGFRβ was assessed both <i>in vitro</i> (confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analyses) and <i>in vivo</i> (fluorescence molecular tomography in mice bearing TNBC xenografts). A mouse model of TNBC lung metastases formation was established and NIR-labeled PDGFRβ aptamer was used to detect lung metastases in mice untreated or intravenously injected with unlabeled aptamer. <b>Results</b>: Here, we present novel data showing that tumor cell expression of PDGFRβ identifies a subgroup of mesenchymal tumors with invasive and stem-like phenotype, and propose a previously unappreciated role for PDGFRβ in driving TNBC cell invasiveness and metastases formation. We show that the PDGFRβ aptamer blocked invasive growth and migration/invasion of mesenchymal TNBC cell lines and prevented TNBC lung metastases formation. Further, upon NIR-labeling, the aptamer specifically bound to TNBC xenografts and detected lung metastases. <b>Conclusions</b>: We propose PDGFRβ as a reliable biomarker of a subgroup of mesenchymal TNBCs with invasive and stem-like phenotype as well as the use of the PDGFRβ aptamer as a high efficacious tool for imaging and suppression of TNBC lung metastases. This study will allow for the significant expansion of the current repertoire of strategies for managing patients with more aggressive TNBC.
Human α‐mannosidase produced in transgenic tobacco plants is processed in human α‐mannosidosis cell lines (2011)

Deficiency in human lysosomal α-mannosidase (MAN2B1) results in α-mannosidosis, a lysosomal storage disorder; patients present a wide range of neurological, immunological, and skeletal symptoms caused by a multisystemic accumulation of mannose-containing oligosaccharides. Here, we describe the expression of recombinant MAN2B1 both transiently in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and in the leaves and seeds of stably transformed N. tabacum plants. After purification from tobacco leaves, the recombinant enzyme was found to be N-glycosylated and localized in vacuolar compartments. In the fresh leaves of tobacco transformants, MAN2B1 was measured at 10,200 units/kg, and the purified enzyme from these leaves had a specific activity of 32-45 U/mg. Furthermore, tobacco-produced MAN2B1 was biochemically similar to the enzyme purified from human tissues, and it was internalized and processed by α-mannosidosis fibroblast cells. These results strongly indicate that plants can be considered a promising expression system for the production of recombinant MAN2B1 for use in enzyme replacement therapy.
Low-Noise Integrated Millimeter-Wave Receiver (1973)

A low-noise hybrid integrated millimeter-wave receiver which consists of a local oscillator and a down converter on a silica substrate is described in this paper. The source for the local oscillator is a Gunn diode and the mixer element is a Schottky barrier diode. A novel filter circuit is used to combine the local oscillator and the signal with low insertion loss in the signal path. The measured single sideband noise figure of the RF receiver at 30 GHz is 4.7 dB and the rms FM frequency variation due to the local oscillator is 168 Hz/√khz.
Extraction of the Great Wall Information Using High Spatial Resolution Images (2011)

The Great Wall is the symbol of China,and it is one of the greatest structures during human history.The Great Wall information is analyzed and extracted using high spatial resolution data SPOT-5 and DEM data.Firstly,light linear object is extracted using differential geometrical method based on SPOT-5 data,then the ridge is extracted using GIS method based on DEM data,and a buffer about ten meters is built around the ridge.Finally the linear object and the buffer is analyzed using GIS method,and the Great Wall information is extracted.Through precision evaluation,it is indicated that the result is satisfying.
VideoDraw: a video interface for collaborative drawing (1990)

This paper describes VideoDraw, a shared drawing tool, and the process by which it is being designed and developed. VideoDraw is a prototype, videobased, tool that provides a shared “virtual sketchbook” among two or more collaborators. It not only allows the collaborators to see each others' drawings, but also conveys the accompanying hand gestures and the process of creating and using those drawings. Its design stems from studying how people collaborate using shared drawing spaces. Design implications raised by those studies were embodied in a prototype, which was in turn observed in use situations. Continued research studying the use of VideoDraw (in comparison with other collaborative media) will lead to a better understanding of collaborative drawing activity and inform the continued technical development of VideoDraw.
Phase matching in birefringent fibers (1981)

We describe a new technique that utilizes birefringence for phase matching of stimulated parametric emission in a single-mode optical fiber. The frequency shift between the generated frequencies and the pump frequency can be controlled over a wide range (approximately 1000 cm(-1)) by the magnitude of birefringence built into the fiber.
Anthrax Lethal Toxin Has Direct and Potent Inhibitory Effects on B Cell Proliferation and Immunoglobulin Production (2006)

Protective host immune responses to anthrax infection in humans and animal models are characterized by the development of neutralizing Abs against the receptor-binding anthrax protective Ag (PA), which, together with the lethal factor (LF) protease, composes anthrax lethal toxin (LT). We now report that B cells, in turn, are targets for LT. Anthrax PA directly binds primary B cells, resulting in the LF-dependent cleavage of the MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) and disrupted signaling to downstream MAPK targets. Although not directly lethal to B cells, anthrax LT treatment causes severe B cell dysfunction, greatly reducing proliferative responses to IL-4-, anti-IgM-, and/or anti-CD40 stimulation. Moreover, B cells treated with anthrax LT in vitro or isolated from mice treated with anthrax LT in vivo have a markedly diminished capacity to proliferate and produce IgM in response to TLR-2 and TLR-4 ligands. The suppressive effects of anthrax LT on B cell function occur at picomolar concentrations in vitro and at sublethal doses in vivo. These results indicate that anthrax LT directly inhibits the function of B cells in vitro and in vivo, revealing a potential mechanism through which the pathogen could bypass protective immune responses.
Lateralization of human focal epilepsy by <sup>31</sup> P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1992)

We attempted to lateralize the epileptogenic focus (seven temporal lobe hippocampal foci, one frontal lobe focus) in medically refractory unilateral complex partial seizures, using noninvasive 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) blindly and interictally to compare hippocampal or frontal regions. The seizure foci were more alkaline (intracellular pH = 7.17 +/- 0.03) compared with the contralateral region (7.06 +/- 0.02, p < 0.01) in all eight cases; the inorganic phosphate was relatively increased (240 +/- 50% of contralateral, seven of eight cases, p < 0.01); and phosphomonoesters were relatively reduced (68 +/- 9% of contralateral, seven of eight cases, p < 0.01). Other phosphorus metabolites were symmetric (+/- 10%). 31P MRSI correctly lateralized the seizure focus in all eight cases. By comparison, imaging correctly lateralized four cases and SPECT, two cases. In conclusion, 31P MRSI is a useful tool for the noninvasive clinical assessment of focal epilepsy and can accurately lateralize the epileptogenic focus.
Pulse broadening in multimode optical fibres with large Δ <i>n</i> / <i>n</i> : numerical results (1976)

The r.m.s. impulse response width of germania doped fibres having power-law profiles at the carrier wavelength is evaluated with the help of a numerical method and measured values of dn/dλ. For Δn/n≈0.02, our result exceeds by more than one order of magnitude that obtained from an analytical formula based on the assumption that ndn/dλ varies linearly with n2. The optimum profiles are found to differ very significantly from power-law profiles. Our numerical technique is based on scalar-ray optics. It is applicable to any fibre having a large V-number and a smooth profile.
Coordinate Descent Method for Large-scale L2-loss Linear Support Vector Machines (2008)

Linear support vector machines (SVM) are useful for classifying large-scale sparse data. Problems with sparse features are common in applications such as document classification and natural language processing. In this paper, we propose a novel coordinate descent algorithm for training linear SVM with the L2-loss function. At each step, the proposed method minimizes a one-variable sub-problem while fixing other variables. The sub-problem is solved by Newton steps with the line search technique. The procedure globally converges at the linear rate. As each sub-problem involves only values of a corresponding feature, the proposed approach is suitable when accessing a feature is more convenient than accessing an instance. Experiments show that our method is more efficient and stable than state of the art methods such as Pegasos and TRON.
Peer‐To‐Peer Grids (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Peer-to-peer Grids Key Technology Concepts for P2P Grids Peer-to-peer Grid Event Service Collaboration in P2P Grids User Interfaces and Universal Access Acknowledgements References
Improvements in Pitch Damping for the Aeroprediction Code with Particular Emphasis on Flare Configurations (2000)

Abstract : New capability has been added to the NSWC aeroprediction code to allow aerodynamics to be predicted for Mach numbers up to 20 for configurations with flares. This new capability includes extending the static aerodynamic predictions for Mach numbers less than 1.2, improving the body alone pitch damping for Mach numbers above 2.0, and developing a new capability for pitch damping of flared configurations at Mach numbers up to 20. This new capability for flared configurations was validated for several different configurations in the Mach number range of 2 to 8.8. In general, pitch damping predictions of the improved capability was within 20 percent of either experimental data or computational fluid dynamics calculations. This accuracy level is believed to be quite adequate for dynamic derivatives in the preliminary design stage. These new additions to the aeroprediction code will be transitioned to users as part of the 2002 version of the code (APO2).
Thymosin β4: a potential novel dry eye therapy (2012)

The purpose of this manuscript is to review the clinical entity of dry eye syndrome (DES) and to provide a scientific basis and rationale for the usage of thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) as a novel therapy for DES. DES is a common disorder affecting an estimated 25-30 million people in the United States alone and is characterized by inflammation of the ocular surface. Consequently, patients can suffer from burning, irritation, severe discomfort, foreign body sensation, and blurry and decreased vision. Recent animal studies of DES demonstrate that Tβ4 eye drops significantly reduce corneal fluorescein staining, indicating improved wound healing. Based on previous studies, there is clear support for further clinical investigation and development of Tβ4 as a novel, safe, and effective agent to treat dry eye. Herein, we discuss the scientific and clinical rationales that make Tβ4 a potential ideal candidate therapeutic for DES.
Tumor Specific Glycosylated CD43 Is a Novel and Highly Specific Target for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (2016)

Abstract Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are high-risk diseases with a poor prognosis. Even with intensive treatment regimens less than 50% of patients can be cured, and for the majority of patients - those over 65 years of age and/or patients with comorbidities - such intensive regimens are not feasible. Novel therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapy directed against a specific tumor target are highly needed. Aims: The aim of our study was to identify antibodies that are highly specific for AML and to discover novel tumor-specific antigens, widely expressed on AML and MDS but not on healthy hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Methods: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is an immunotherapy with proven therapeutic efficacy. We selected a patient with high-risk AML who remained disease free, now more than 5 years after receiving an allogeneic HSCT and therefore can be considered to have mounted a potent graft versus leukemia response. To study the antibody repertoire of this patient we isolated CD27+ IgG+ memory B lymphocytes, about 2 years after the transplant. These cells were transduced with Bcl-6 and Bcl-xL to generate plasmablast B cell clones that produce antibodies and express the B cell receptor on the cell surface. Supernatants of these B cell clones were used to screen for binding to surface antigens on the AML cell line THP-1. Results: We identified an donor derived IgG1 antibody, AT1413, that specifically bound to AML cell lines THP-1, MOLM-13, SH-2 and others, but not to normal bone marrow cells or non-hematopoietic cells. The antibody also interacted with AML blasts from the allogeneic HSCT patient from whom the antibody was derived, and with leukemic blasts isolated from newly diagnosed AML and MDS patients. Biochemical analysis revealed that AT1413 recognizes a sialylated epitope on CD43 which is specifically expressed on all types of AML and MDS cells, as illustrated by its reactivity with blasts of each of 60 randomly selected AML and MDS patients in our clinic. Since the target it is also expressed by CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained from fetal liver and fetal bone marrow, but not by post-natal hematopoietic progenitor cells, it can be considered to be a oncofetal epitope. AT1413 induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement dependent cytotoxicity of AML cell lines and primary blasts. Summary and conclusion: We have identified oncofetal-sialylated CD43 (CD43os) as a novel tumor-specific target that is widely expressed on AML and MDS blasts. Antibodies against this target have therefore high potential as therapeutic antibodies, either as a naked antibody or manufactured into an antibody-drug conjugate, bispecific T cell engager or CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T cell. Disclosures Kersten: Celgene: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria.
Large-scale order batching in parallel-aisle picking systems (2011)

This article discusses an order batching formulation and heuristic solution procedure suitable for a large-scale order picking situation in parallel-aisle picking systems. Order batching can decrease the total travel distance of pickers not only through reducing the number of trips but also by shortening the length of each trip. In practice, some order picking systems retrieve 500–2000 orders per hour and include ten or more aisles. The proposed heuristic produces near-optimal solutions with run times of roughly 70 s in a ten-aisle system. The quality of the solutions is demonstrated by comparing with a lower bound developed as a linear programming relaxation of the batching formulation developed in this article. A simulation study indicates that the proposed heuristic outperforms existing methods described in the literature or used in practice. In addition, the resulting order picking operations are relatively robust to picker blocking.