gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surfactant protein D-coated<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>stimulates cytokine production in mononuclear phagocytes (2001)

Encapsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae strains K21a, K10, and K50, all of which contain dimannose sequences in their capsular polysaccharides that are recognized by the mannose receptor of macrophages, stimulated interleukin secretion and cytokine mRNA expression by human monocyte-derived macrophages. By contrast, the corresponding unencapsulated phase variants and the K2 strain, which lack the dimannose sequence, did not. Coating of unencapsulated phase variants of Klebsiella strains with surfactant protein (SP)-D resulted in marked stimulation of cytokine mRNA accumulation. The induction of cytokine mRNA via the mannose receptor occurred only in monocyte-derived macrophages, whereas that caused by SP-D-coated Klebsiella strains occurred in both macrophages and peripheral-blood monocytes. The results suggested that innate immunity against pulmonary pathogens might be mediated by SP-D, which acts as an opsonin to enhance the interaction of macrophages with unencapsulated phase variants originating from the upper respiratory tract, and by macrophage mannose receptors, which recognize encapsulated variants expressing capsular dimannose residues.
Lady or Gentleman? Sex Differences in Osseous and Cartilaginous Structures of the Knee (2019)

We performed a comprehensive review of imaging investigations of knee morphology comparing male and female subjects using PUBMED, with search terms for CT/MRI, knee anatomy, and gender. Inclusion criteria were primary imaging investigations of knee osseous/cartilage anatomy (minimum 15 subjects); exclusion criteria were studies of post-operative patients, those with comorbid orthopedic conditions, and review articles. Sex differences in osseous/cartilage anatomy were extracted and aggregated.
Inhibition of regain in body weight and fat with addition of 3-carbon compounds to the diet with hyperenergetic refeeding after weight reduction. (1996)

We conclude that 3-carbon compounds decrease weight gain and reaccumulation of body fat, without decreasing body protein gain, in obese subjects with hyperenergetic refeeding subsequent to weight loss.
Electrical sintering of nanoparticle structures (2008)

A method for sintering nanoparticles by applying voltage is presented. This electrical sintering method is demonstrated using silver nanoparticle structures ink-jet-printed onto temperature-sensitive photopaper. The conductivity of the printed nanoparticle layer increases by more than five orders of magnitude during the sintering process, with the final conductivity reaching 3.7 × 10(7) S m(-1) at best. Due to a strong positive feedback induced by the voltage boundary condition, the process is very rapid-the major transition occurs within 2 µs. The best obtained conductivity is two orders of magnitude better than for the equivalent structures oven-sintered at the maximum tolerable temperature of the substrate. Additional key advantages of the method include the feasibility for patterning, systematic control of the final conductivity and in situ process monitoring. The method offers a generic tool for electrical functionalization of nanoparticle structures.
Intracellular ATP levels determine cell death fate by apoptosis or necrosis. (1997)

Although apoptosis and necrosis are morphologically distinct manifestations of cell death, apoptosis and some necroses share common features in the death signaling pathway involving functional steps of death-driving interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme family proteases and anti-cell death protein Bcl-2. One evident physiological difference in cells undergoing apoptosis versus necrosis is in intracellular levels of ATP. In this study, we specifically addressed the question of whether apoptosis depends on intracellular ATP levels, since longer incubation under ATP-depleting conditions results in necrotic cell death. Incubation of cells in glucose-free medium with an inhibitor of mitochondrial F0F1-ATPases reduces intracellular ATP levels and completely blocks Fas/Apo-1-stimulated apoptosis. ATP supplied through glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation restores the apoptotic cell death pathway. ATP depletion also leads to a block in Fas-induced activation of CPP32/Yama(-like) proteases, and when ATP is depleted after the activation of the proteases, subsequent apoptosis is significantly blocked. Thus, ATP-dependent steps exist both upstream and downstream of CPP32/Yama(-like) protease activation in apoptotic signal transduction. Treatment with the calcium ionophore induces apoptosis under ATP-supplying conditions but induces necrotic cell death under ATP-depleting conditions, indicating that ATP levels are a determinant of manifestation of cell death.
A Ceramic-Anode Supported Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (2012)

We report the fabrication and evaluation of a ceramic-anode supported button cell LSCM-SDC/SDC/PBSC (thickness 400 μm/20 μm/20 μm). The anode/electrolyte assembly LSCM-SDC/SDC was co-fired at low temperature of 1250°C, where a slight amount of CuO was mixed with LSCM. The CuO (20.3 wt%) were impregnated into the porous substrate to enhance current collecting effect. The cell exhibited power density of 596 mWcm−2 and 381 mWcm−2 at 700°C with wet hydrogen and methane as the fuel respectively, where the silver paste was used as current collectors, the highest performance up to date for the cells with metal oxide anodes at this temperature.
D2 18O (deuterium oxide) method for CO2 output in small mammals and economic feasibility in man (1975)

A test of the validity of the isotopic steady state relationships of the doubly labeled water (H2O) method has been carried out with D2 18O in small mammals (three chipmunks and one mouse). CO2 outputs calculated just from 1) the rate of water intake and 2) the ratios of the isotopic concentrations in the body water to the intake water agreed satisfactorily with observed values. Moreover, reconstructed energy and material balances agreed reasonably with similar balances reconstructed for an immediately succeeding period on the same animals studied by the previously validated decay procedure. We conclude from an error analysis that by expressing the isotopic specific activities as abundances in excess of the body water of a subject on a given regimen, the decay procedure is economically feasible in the human with available accuracy of isotopic analyses and the present cost of H2 18O. The method therefore appears to be a useful tool ready for application to the field of human energy metabolism.
A Multiobjective Sparse Feature Learning Model for Deep Neural Networks (2015)

Hierarchical deep neural networks are currently popular learning models for imitating the hierarchical architecture of human brain. Single-layer feature extractors are the bricks to build deep networks. Sparse feature learning models are popular models that can learn useful representations. But most of those models need a user-defined constant to control the sparsity of representations. In this paper, we propose a multiobjective sparse feature learning model based on the autoencoder. The parameters of the model are learnt by optimizing two objectives, reconstruction error and the sparsity of hidden units simultaneously to find a reasonable compromise between them automatically. We design a multiobjective induced learning procedure for this model based on a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. In the experiments, we demonstrate that the learning procedure is effective, and the proposed multiobjective model can learn useful sparse features.
On trajectory generation for flexible robots (1987)

Abstract A trajectory based on a Gaussian velocity profile is presented as an alternative to the double square pulse acceleration profile. The new trajectory leads to the fast positioning of the tip of a flexible robot with a minimal excitation of high‐frequency modes. The torques necessary to move the robot according to this trajectory show a very smooth behavior. The absence of high‐frequency content, present when double square pulse accelerations are considered, eliminates the Occurrence of undesired residual vibrations produced by modeling uncemnties at high frequencies. The excellent results obtained suggest the use of this new trajectory for fast and precise positioning of flexible robots.
Convective heat transfer and pressure drop of annular tubes with three different internal longitudinal fins (2007)

Abstract Pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of air in three annular tubes with different internal longitudinal fins were investigated experimentally at uniform wall heat flux. The tested tubes have a double‐pipe structure with the inner blocked tube as an insertion. Three different kinds of fins, plain rectangle fin, plain rectangle fin with periodical ridges and wave‐like fin, were located peripherally in the annulus. The friction factor and Nusselt number can be corrected by a power‐law correction in the Reynolds number range tested. It was found that the tube with periodical ridges on the plain fin or with wave‐like fin could augment heat transfer; however, the pressure drop was increased simultaneously. In order to evaluate the comprehensive heat transfer characteristics of the tested tubes, two criteria for evaluating the comprehensive thermal performance of tested tubes were adopted. They are: 1) evaluating the comprehensive heat transfer performance under three conditions: identical mass flow, identical pumping power, and identical pressure drop; 2) the second law of thermodynamics, i.e., the entropy generation. According to the two different evaluating methods, it was found that the tube with wave‐like fins provided the most excellent comprehensive heat transfer performance among the three tubes, especially when it was used under higher Reynolds number conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(1): 29–40, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20186
Total Quality Development (1998)

Presents a system for successful product development that has been used by leading companies like Xerox, Saturn, and Eastman Kodak to shorten time to market, improve quality, enhance customer satisfaction, and reduce costs. Shows how to create product variety, improve corporate flexibility, reduce r
Effects of dietary garlic supplementation in a rat model of atherosclerosis. (1994)

In the present study possible antiatherogenic effects of dietary garlic were investigated in an experimental model which consists in the deendothelialisation by ballooning of the a. carotis communis of rats. 3 experimental groups were established: group I received a standard diet; the diet of group II was supplemented with 2% cholesterol and group III received 2% cholesterol and 5% dried garlic powder. Four weeks after ballooning plasma cholesterol, the average thickness of the neointima as well as the DNA content and the expression of collagens type I, III and IV in the ballooned arterial segment were determined. Furthermore, the specific activities of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione disulfide reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase were measured in homogenates of liver, heart and aorta. Hypercholesterolemia induced by cholesterol-feeding (group II 92 +/- 18 mg/100 ml) was significantly reduced by garlic (group III 53 +/- 19 mg/100 ml). Only little effects of garlic were seen in inhibiting neointima after ballooning. However, significant effects were found in protecting the enzymes of the glutathione dependent peroxide detoxification system, which is strongly impaired under hypercholesterolemia. Generally a normalisation, in some cases even an improvement beyond that, of the enzyme activities occurred in the garlic treated group. This indicates that in the model of atherosclerosis used here garlic is effective in lowering plasma cholesterol and in improving peroxide detoxification, however, it has only little influence on the wound healing reaction and does not significantly inhibit the development of intimal thickenings after ballooning.
Life Among The 'Tower Boys' (1998)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTLife Among The 'Tower Boys'JEFFREY L. FOXCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1998, 76, 6, 32–34Publication Date (Print):February 9, 1998Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 9 February 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v076n006.p032https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v076n006.p032book-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Central nervous system,Molecules,Power Get e-Alerts
Escaping the estate duty net : estate planning (2012)

In this article, we look at these planning techniques from three different perspectives. 
Otherwise-dutiable assets that are excluded from estate duty 
Exclusions arising from legal / policy issues 
Executor fees
Mechanism Design: Enumeration of Kinematic Structures According to Function (2000)

[S1050-0472(00)03104-4]
Poisoning with 4-Aminopyridine: Report of Three Cases (1980)

Four-aminopyridine is an acutely toxic avicide considered by the manufacturer to be a bird "repellant" because only a small number of birds are acutely poisoned, become disoriented, and emit a distress cry frightening other members of the flock. Four-aminopyridine dramatically enhances transmission at the neuromuscular junction and other synapses, and has been employed clinically in the treatment of prolonged paralysis caused by antibiotics and muscle relaxants, and in the Eaton-Lambert syndrome. In this paper we report the results of an acute poisoning misadventure in three adult males. We review the animal toxicology, summarize the neurophysiological research using 4-AP as a potassium channel blocker, comment on clinical applications, and outline the management of overdose with this agent.
Fluorinated Carbanions (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorinated CarbanionsWilliam B. FarnhamView Author Information DuPont Central Research & Development, P. O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 5, 1633–1640Publication Date (Web):August 1, 1996Publication History Received2 January 1996Revised21 May 1996Published online1 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9411435https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9411435research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1377Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Chemical reactions,Chemical structure,Fluorine,Hydrocarbons Get e-Alerts
Tracking Whisker and Head Movements in Unrestrained Behaving Rodents (2004)

Due to recent advances that enable real-time electrophysiological recordings in brains of awake behaving rodents, effective methods for analyzing the large amount of behavioral data thus generated, at millisecond resolution, are required. We describe a semiautomated, efficient method for accurate tracking of head and mystacial vibrissae (whisker) movements in freely moving rodents using high-speed video. By tracking the entire length of individual whiskers, we show how both location and shape of whiskers are relevant when describing the kinematics of whisker movements and whisker interactions with objects during a whisker-dependent task and exploratory behavior.
Active end-effector pose selection for tactile object recognition through Monte Carlo tree search (2017)

This paper considers the problem of active object recognition using touch only. The focus is on adaptively selecting a sequence of wrist poses that achieves accurate recognition by enclosure grasps. It seeks to minimize the number of touches and maximize recognition confidence. The actions are formulated as wrist poses relative to each other, making the algorithm independent of absolute workspace coordinates. The optimal sequence is approximated by Monte Carlo tree search. We demonstrate results in a physics engine and on a real robot. In the physics engine, most object instances were recognized in at most 16 grasps. On a real robot, our method recognized objects in 2-9 grasps and outperformed a greedy baseline.
Isolation, Characterization, and UV-Stimulated Expression of Two Families of Genes Encoding Polypeptides of Related Structure in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (1988)

By screening of a cDNA library made on mRNA isolated from UV-irradiated human epidermal keratinocytes for sequences whose relative concentration increases in the cytoplasm after irradiation, we have isolated 40 cDNA clones (T. Kartasova, B. J. C. Cornelissen, P. Belt, and P. van de Putte, Nucleic Acids Res. 15:5945-5962, 1987). Here we describe two distinct groups of cDNA clones which do not cross-hybridize to each other but nevertheless encode proteins of very similar primary structure. These polypeptides are small (8 to 10 kilodaltons) and exceptionally rich in proline, cysteine, and glutamine and have similar repeating elements not found elsewhere. The new proteins were designated sprI and sprII (small, proline rich). The presence of prolines and cysteines suggests that they may be either structural proteins with a strong secondary structure or metal-binding proteins such as metallothioneins. Southern blot and sequence analyses of the cDNAs indicate that at least the sprII group of clones represents a family of related genes. The nucleotide sequence of both groups seems to be conserved upon evolution. The level of mRNAs corresponding to the two groups of cDNAs is increased in the cytoplasm of human epidermal keratinocytes after both UV irradiation and treatment with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate.
Test pattern generation for power supply droop faults (2006)

In deep sub-micron VLSI chips, when several transistors in physical proximity switch simultaneously, a substantial power supply drop, known as droop, may occur because of concurrent load on a via of the power grid. As a result of lower supply voltage, transistors may slow down. Such timing faults are termed as droop faults. Modeling of droop faults and understanding their effects on the functionality and timing behavior of the circuit are yet to be fully understood. In this paper, a new model for droop faults is proposed. A simple ATPG-based procedure for stuck-at faults has been adapted to test droop faults. For validation of the methodology in combinational circuits, a set of appropriate clusters of gates is selected to cover potential droop-prone regions in a circuit. Experimental results on ISCAS-85 benchmark circuits reveal that a very high droop fault coverage can be obtained by a short sequence of test vectors.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships/Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (QSAR/CoMFA) for Receptor-Binding Properties of Halogenated Estradiol Derivatives (1994)

The 3-D quantitative structure-activity relationships/comparative molecular field analysis (QSAR/CoMFA) paradigm, which considers the primary importance of the molecular fields in biological recognition, is now widely used to analyze and predict receptor-binding properties of various ligands. CoMFA was applied to build 3-D QSAR models of substituted estradiol-receptor interactions, employing 3-D molecular databases of more than 40 molecules. Ligands included the 17 alpha-ethynyl- and isomeric 17 alpha (20E/Z)-(iodovinyl)estradiols and their 7 alpha-, 11 beta-, and 12 beta-methyl (-methoxy) and -ethyl (-ethoxy) derivatives as well as selected 2- and 4-halogenated analogs. The influence of different CoMFA descriptors was studied in order to achieve the highest possible cross-validated r2, as derived from partial least-squares calculations. Special emphasis was put on the analysis of the nature of H-bonding (donor/acceptor) interactions. The model with the best predictive performance (r2 = 0.895) was used to visualize steric and electrostatic features of the QSAR (standard deviation*coefficient contour maps) and to predict receptor-binding affinities (RBA) of substituted estradiols other than those included in the original database. Twenty-seven test molecules were selected, including five which had previously been reported by other investigators. For the latter, a very good correlation with literature RBA values was obtained, which together with the high cross-validated r2 provides evidence for the high predictive capacity of the model. Among the unknown structures, the model suggests several new substitutions to derive at reasonable affinity ligands for the estrogen receptor.
Long-term high voltage tests of the conductor insulation of a superconducting magnet (2005)

The superconducting magnets of the ITER fusion reactor will be excited with high voltage during fast discharge. Especially fast voltage excitations of these large magnets can lead to high local electrical stresses caused by a non linear voltage distribution or oscillations within a coil. Investigation of the dielectric properties of the ITER model coils delivered valuable experience for the specification of quality assurance tests for ITER coils. Calculations of the transient behaviour of the ITER TF coils provide additional information for the choice of test voltages and waveforms. Conductor and radial plate insulation of the ITER TF model coil were exposed at room temperature for 10 hours to DC and AC voltages in agreement with proposed test values for ITER TF to investigate the long-term behaviour. Breakdown appeared during the highest AC voltage step after more than 9 hours. The partial discharge activity increased significantly about 12 minutes before breakdown.