gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of SiH4, GeH4, and  B 2 H 6 on the Nucleation and Deposition of Polycrystalline Si1 − x Ge x Films (1994)

In this study, the effects of different reactants, namely, , and , on the nucleation and deposition of polycrystalline silicon‐germanium films on oxide surface in an ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition reactor were explored. The results show that the addition of tends to retard the nucleation process of poly films while is preferential for adsorbing on the oxide surface. These effects lead to different incubation duration depending on the kind of reactants used. On the deposition of films, it is observed that the Ge incorporation is only slightly related to the substrate type, but the deposition mode of films is much different from that of epitaxial growth on Si(100). The incorporation of Ge atoms also overcomes the anomalous doping effect encountered in heavily boron‐doped poly‐Si films and allows extremely low resistivity (below 2 mΩ‐cm) poly films to be obtained at low temperatures (≤550°C).
Treatment of Alcoholism Using Psychedelic Drugs: A Review of the Program of Research (1998)

Following Albert Hofmann's discovery of LSD's psychoactive properties in 1943, and previous to their scheduling as controlled substances, the psychedelic drugs were widely studied--six international conferences and hundreds of papers discussed their potential therapeutic usefulness. The observation that the frightening experience of delirium tremens sometimes led alcoholics to moderate their alcohol intake suggested to early psychedelic researchers that the "psychotomimetic" experience thought to be produced by LSD could be used to treat alcoholism. A number of hypothesis-generating studies employing a variety of research designs to examine this premise were completed, but relatively few controlled trials attempted hypothesis testing. After twenty-five years of study, a combination of flawed methodology, uneven results and social reprehension led to the abandonment of research on the therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs, leaving many avenues of inquiry unexplored and many questions unanswered. Today, after a thirty-year hiatus, this research is gradually being resumed, and there is renewed interest in the findings of previous studies. This article explores the history of one branch of psychedelic research, the therapeutic use of LSD in the treatment of alcoholism, and of the events that led to the relabeling of the "hallucinogens" as drugs of abuse.
Immunogenicity, Safety, and Reactogenicity of the 10-valent Pneumococcal Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D Conjugate Vaccine and DTPa-IPV-Hib When Coadministered as a 3-dose Primary Vaccination Schedule in the Netherlands (2011)

: PHiD-CV and DTPa-IPV-Hib were immunogenic and well tolerated when coadministered as a 3-dose primary vaccination course.
Horocyclic coordinates for Riemann surfaces and moduli spaces. I. Teichmüller and Riemann spaces of Kleinian groups (1990)

O. Introduction and statement of main results 1. Horocyclic coordinates 2. The zw = t plumbing construction 3. The plumbing construction for an admissible graph 4. Deformation (TeichmiiUer) and moduli (Riemann) spaces 5. Torsion free terminal b-groups 6. One-dimensional deformation spaces 7. Deformation spaces for torsion free terminal b-groups 8. One-dimensional moduli spaces 9. Moduli spaces for torsion free terminal b-groups 10. Forgetful maps 11. Metrics on surfaces and their Teichmiiller spaces 12. Appendix I: Calculations in PSL(2, C) and SL(2, C) 13. Appendix II: A computer program for computing torsion free terminal bgroups 14. Appendix III: Independence of gluing on choice of annuli O. INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF MAIN RESULTS
Arylindoles. I. Synthesis of some N-arylindoles. (1977)

Indole, 2-phenylindole, indole-2-carboxylic acid, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 3-acetylindole and gramine were condensed with bromobenzene and halonitrobenzenes under the Ullmann conditions (copper (II) oxide catalyst and N, N-dimethylformamide as the solvent). The corresponding N-arylindoles were isolated in good yields with the exception of the gramine due to its possible decomposition under these reaction conditions. Spectral data (infrared and proton magnetic resonance) for the new compounds is presented.
Control Method for Avoiding Transformer Saturation in High-Power Three-Phase Dual-Active Bridge DC–DC Converters (2019)

The classic top to down structure of electrical infrastructure is changing due to the extensive spread of renewable energy sources which are connected to medium-voltage and low-voltage grids. Especially for medium-voltage direct-current grids, the three-phase dual-active bridge (DAB) dc–dc converter is one of the most promising converter topologies, as it features bidirectional power flow and galvanic isolation at highest efficiency. Unwanted saturation of the transformer of this converter can occur, particularly for multimegawatt converters with highly efficient, low-loss transformers. The saturation leads to additional core losses, elevated voltage stress at the windings, and increased magnetostriction of the transformer core, which can result in undesired acoustic emissions. The following article presents a feedback control and modulation method that controls the DAB converter such that saturation of the transformer is avoided. The chosen approach evaluates the star-point voltage of the transformer to determine the dc component of the magnetizing current, thereby avoiding the need for expensive high-precision current sensors. The control method is analytically derived and verified by simulation. Experiments carried out using a 5 MW medium-voltage three-phase DAB converter prototype verify the presented modulation method.
Magnetic Particles Display Matrix-Address Demonstrator. (1977)

A flat panel display has been fabricated using spherical magnetic particles sandwiched between two transparent glass plates. The particles are each half white and half black corresponding to opposite magnetic poles. A 10 by 15 electromagnetic element matrix has been fabricated to address the display. After uniform magnetization of the matrix elements, the polarity of elements is reversed with current supplied through microswitches closed by a punched card. The display plate placed over the matrix will display alpha-numerics in accordance with the program punched into the card. The alpha-numerics can be displayed either as white on a black background or a black on a white background. (Author)
Dynamic Channel Access and Power Control via Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Efficient use of spectral and energy resources is critical in wireless networks and has been extensively studied in recent years. In particular, dynamic spectrum access and power control have been addressed primarily via optimization and game-theoretic tools. In this paper, motivated by recent advances in machine learning and, more specifically, the success of reinforcement learning for addressing dynamic control problems, we consider deep reinforcement learning to jointly perform dynamic channel access and power control in wireless interference channels. We propose a deep Q-learning model, develop an algorithm, and evaluate the performance considering different utilities and reward mechanisms. We provide comparisons with the optimal centralized strategies that require complete information and use weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) based power control and exhaustive search over all channel selection policies. We highlight the performance improvements with power control.
Synthesis of condensed tannins. Part 3. Chemical shifts for determining the 6- and 8-bonding positions of ‘terminal of’(+)-catechin units (1981)

Pairs of 8- and 6-functionalized (Br, OH, OAc, CO2Me, and CH2Me groups) 3′,4′,5,7-tetra-O-methyl-(+)-catechins available through selective bromination and debromination reactions and hence via lithio-analogues, provide diagnostic chemical shifts of their residual 6- and 8-protons. These fall within narrow ranges [δ(CDCl3) 6.07–6.24 and 6.30–6.47 respectively] devoid of overlap, which are useful for differentiating between 4,6- and 4,8-linked biflavanoids. Supplementary 1H-shift parameters are also available.The mechanism of a newly observed acid-catalysed migration of bromine from the 6- to the 8-position is examined. Direct carboxylation of (+)-catechin proceeds regiospecifically at the 6-position.
Performance of n<sup>+</sup>-p silicon solar cells in concentrated sunlight (1977)

Performance data for n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -p silicon solar cells operating at illuminations up to 90 suns (9 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and temperatures up to 100°C are presented. Experimental results for 2-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cells with different base resistivities are compared to performances predicted by a numerical device analysis computer code. Excellent agreement between numerical simulation and experiment is observed. For the illumination levels considered, an optimum base resistivity of approximately 0.3 Ω. cm is predicted by the numerical analyses and verified experimentally. The 0.3-Ω. cm cells exhibit conversion efficiencies above 11.8 percent up to 90 suns with a peak efficiency of 14 percent at approximately 30 suns. Preliminary results for a large-area (15.2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) circular cell design are also presented for illuminations up to 60 suns. A peak conversion efficiency of 13.5 percent is measured for this cell at ∼25 suns.
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting resonances in photonic crystal films (2001)

It is shown that thin films of dielectric, etched through with a suitably chosen lattice of holes, can support surface-emitting vertical resonances with very-high-cavity Q factors (approximately 10(5) in the case of Al(x)GaAs(1-x) on oxidized AlyGaAs1-y). A Bloch-wave expansion is used to develop a complete vector-field analysis of these resonances and to reveal their underlying physics. Since they do not require multilayer mirrors, such resonators are a practical and simple replacement for conventional vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structures. Other applications include wavelength-division-multiplexing components and highly sensitive gas detectors.
Actinomadura atramentaria, a New Species of the Actinomycetales (1987)

A new species of Actinomadura, for which we propose the name Actinomadura atramentaria, was isolated from a soil sample collected in Japan. Whole-cell hydrolysates contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and a trace of madurose. MK-9(H6) is the major menaquinone, and tuberculostearic acid is the major fatty acid. No nitrogenous phospholipids or mycolic acids are present. A. atramentaria is characterized by its white aerial masses of thickly tufted short chains of two to five spores (mostly two to three spores) with smooth surfaces and by the formation of inky brown diffusible pigments. The type strain of A. atramentaria is strain SF2197 (= JCM 6250).
Convenient synthetic approach to 3- and 4-alkyl-2,3-dihydrofurans (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient synthetic approach to 3- and 4-alkyl-2,3-dihydrofuransC. Botteghi, G. Consiglio, G. Ceccarelli, and A. StefaniCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 11, 1835–1837Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00976a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00976a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anomalously anisotropic channel mobility on trench sidewalls in 4H-SiC trench-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors fabricated on 8° off substrates (2007)

Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) channel properties in 4H-SiC trench-gate MOS field-effect transistors fabricated on 8° off substrates were characterized. The MOS channel was formed only on one side of the trench sidewalls. The MOS field effect transistor performance depended strongly on the MOS channel planes of (112¯0), (1¯1¯20), (11¯00), and (1¯100). The highest channel mobility of 43cm2∕Vs was obtained on (112¯0). However, only a half value of 21cm2∕Vs was observed on (1¯1¯20), which is the opposite face to (112¯0). The anomalously anisotropic channel mobility is discussed based on the deviation from the crystallographically accurate {112¯0} plane caused by the combination of substrate off angle and sloped trench sidewalls.
Design and Application of Microwave Structure for Low Velocity Particles (1996)

A microwave structure design concept invented in 1988 has been studied and tested for a number of years. The structure employs Alvarez type resonators coupled to each other through coupling cavities to maintain satisfactory neighboring resonance separation and beam stability. This design is applicable for charged particles with velocities in a region of 0.1 c to 0.5 c. As an example, the structure was applied for various electron linacs both with on-axis electrical and off-axis magnetic coupling in a lower velocity region. Achieved accelerator performance makes the concept highly recommended for practical applications.
Induction of the human sperm acrosome reaction with mannose-containing neoglycoprotein ligands (1997)

In the interest of classifying cases of male factor infertility, we have paid particular attention to the sugar ligand binding properties of the human sperm surface and the functional capacity of the acrosome for exocytosis--key parameters for assessing sperm fertilizing ability. Zona recognition and binding involve the interactions of sperm surface mannose receptors (lectins) with mannose ligands on the zona pellucida. Sperm surface mannose lectins can be visualized by their ability to bind a synthetic model zona ligand, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated mannosylated bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Man-FITC-BSA). We now report that Man-FITC-BSA biologically also mimics the effects of solubilized authentic human zonae, in that binding of Man-FITC-BSA results in a time-dependent receptor aggregation and the induction of acrosome exocytosis in capacitated sperm populations from fertile donors. In our assay, the addition of mM amounts of mannose monosaccharide to Man-FITC-BSA increases the number of polyvalent mannose ligands bound by individual spermatozoa and increases the rate of the acrosome reactions induced by Man-FITC-BSA, thereby increasing specimen processing efficiency. We conclude that exposure of human spermatozoa to polyvalent mannose ligands + D-mannose monosaccharide offers a new, convenient and readily available system to study sperm capacity for induced acrosome loss.
Greedy Routing and the Algorithmic Small-World Phenomenon (2017)

The algorithmic small-world phenomenon, empirically established by Milgram's letter forwarding experiments from the 60s, was theoretically explained by Kleinberg in 2000. However, from today's perspective his model has several severe shortcomings that limit the applicability to real-world networks. In order to give a more convincing explanation of the algorithmic small-world phenomenon, we study decentralized greedy routing in a more flexible random graph model (geometric inhomogeneous random graphs) which overcomes all previous shortcomings. Apart from exhibiting good properties in theory, it has also been extensively experimentally validated that this model reasonably captures real-world networks. In this model, the greedy routing protocol is purely distributed as each vertex only needs to know information about its direct neighbors. We prove that it succeeds with constant probability, and in case of success almost surely finds an almost shortest path of length Θ(log log n), where our bound is tight including the leading constant. Moreover, we study natural local patching methods which augment greedy routing by backtracking and which do not require any global knowledge. We show that such methods can ensure success probability 1 in an asymptotically tight number of steps.
Spin current studies in Fe∕Ag,Au∕Fe by ferromagnetic resonance and time-resolved magneto-optics (2008)

A precessing magnetization within a magnetic double layer acts as a peristaltic spin pump which transports spin momentum but no net electric charge. Crystalline Fe single layers Au∕12Fe∕GaAs(001) and double layers Fe12∕(Au,Ag)∕Fe16∕GaAs(001) were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy, where the integers represent the number of Fe atomic layers, and (Au,Ag) represents a set of gold and silver layers of different thicknesses. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) was used to investigate spin diffusion in thick Au layers in Au∕12Fe∕GaAs(001) samples. Time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TRMOKE) measurements are an ideal tool for investigating the propagation of spin currents in these structures. Spin currents generated by the bottom 16Fe layer propagated across the normal metal spacer and resulted in rf excitations in the top 12Fe film. Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations of motion modified by spin pump and spin sink effects were used to interpret the FMR and TRMOKE measurements. The spin diffusion lengths in Au were Ag were found 34 and 170nm, respectively.
A Retroviral Vector that Directs Simultaneous Expression of <i>α</i> and <i>β</i> T Cell Receptor Genes (1998)

The transfer of alpha/beta T cell receptor (TCR) genes into T lymphocytes or their precursors could provide a means to increase frequency of tumor- or pathogen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. To begin to address this possibility, we have used class I MHC-restricted alpha/beta TCR cDNAs to develop a retroviral TCR expression vector. Alpha- and beta-chain cDNAs were inserted into a derivative of the LN series of retroviral vectors, with the retroviral LTR directing expression of TCR-beta and an internal cytomegalovirus promoter/enhancer driving TCR-alpha expression. The variable region fragments can be replaced using unique restriction sites that have been introduced into the proximal constant regions. We have used this vector system to transfer two different pairs of alpha/beta TCR genes into an alpha- and beta-chain-deficient T cell hybridoma. TCR- hybridoma cells were transduced by coculture with pools of virus-producing cells, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to enrich for cells expressing the transduced TCR. Transduction with either alpha/beta TCR restores stable, long-lived expression of the alpha/beta TCR complex. TCR-mediated signal transduction is also reconstituted, as demonstrated by the ability of transduced cells to secrete IL-2 following stimulation with Vbeta-specific antibodies. Our results suggest that alpha/beta T cell receptor gene transfer could provide a basis for new approaches to immunotherapy, and that further studies examining the in vivo fate of transduced TCR are possible.
Novel acoustic-surface-wave directional coupler with diverse applications (1971)

An acoustic-surface-wave directional coupler is proposed that may be used on materials having a large electromechanical coupling constant to couple two acoustic beams which are many wavelengths wide. The normal modes of the coupler are identified and used with an equivalent-circuit representation of the device to predict the length of the structure needed for complete energy transfer. The theory indicates that the device can have an intrinsic bandwidth near to 100%.
Aerodynamics of modern soccer balls (2010)

Abstract The scope of this article is to find out what are the differences between four modern soccer balls and find out how these differences influences the flight path of the ball in a free kick. Experiments have been carried out in static and spinning conditions and drag and side forces have been acquired. The results from the wind tunnel experiments have been implemented in a Matlab routine and a free kick simulation using the different balls has been made. The effect of the different balls on the flight path has been calculated. Major differences between the different soccer balls have been found.
Amorphous Oxide Layers on Gold and Nickel Films Observed by Electron Microscopy (1964)

Thin films of vapor-deposited nickel and gold, supported only by copper grids, were annealed inside the electron microscope. The microstructures were recorded as a function of temperature. The originally continuous thin films of nickel (150 Å thick) and gold (400 Å thick) form discontinuous islands at temperatures of 700° and 600°C, respectively. The islands of metal are supported by a thin amorphous membrane, in the nickel films identified as NiO, that accounts for the high tensile strengths observed on thin films.
A New Framework for Cortico-Striatal Plasticity: Behavioural Theory Meets In Vitro Data at the Reinforcement-Action Interface (2015)

Operant learning requires that reinforcement signals interact with action representations at a suitable neural interface. Much evidence suggests that this occurs when phasic dopamine, acting as a reinforcement prediction error, gates plasticity at cortico-striatal synapses, and thereby changes the future likelihood of selecting the action(s) coded by striatal neurons. But this hypothesis faces serious challenges. First, cortico-striatal plasticity is inexplicably complex, depending on spike timing, dopamine level, and dopamine receptor type. Second, there is a credit assignment problem-action selection signals occur long before the consequent dopamine reinforcement signal. Third, the two types of striatal output neuron have apparently opposite effects on action selection. Whether these factors rule out the interface hypothesis and how they interact to produce reinforcement learning is unknown. We present a computational framework that addresses these challenges. We first predict the expected activity changes over an operant task for both types of action-coding striatal neuron, and show they co-operate to promote action selection in learning and compete to promote action suppression in extinction. Separately, we derive a complete model of dopamine and spike-timing dependent cortico-striatal plasticity from in vitro data. We then show this model produces the predicted activity changes necessary for learning and extinction in an operant task, a remarkable convergence of a bottom-up data-driven plasticity model with the top-down behavioural requirements of learning theory. Moreover, we show the complex dependencies of cortico-striatal plasticity are not only sufficient but necessary for learning and extinction. Validating the model, we show it can account for behavioural data describing extinction, renewal, and reacquisition, and replicate in vitro experimental data on cortico-striatal plasticity. By bridging the levels between the single synapse and behaviour, our model shows how striatum acts as the action-reinforcement interface.