gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syntheses of Highly Ordered Mesoporous Materials, FSM-16, Derived from Kanemite (1996)

Abstract The synthetic conditions of highly ordered and thermally stable mesoporous molecular sieves from a layered silicate kanemite are established. We divided the formation process of the mesoporous materials from kanemite into two elemental processes: i) exchange of Na+ in the interlayer of kanemite for alkyltrimethylammonium cations and ii) condensation of silicates and formation of a three dimensional silicate framework. Higher pH (over 11.5) at the cation-exchange process and the subsequent pH adjustment at 8.5 at the condensation process were best suited for the formation of mesoporous products with high regularity and thermal stability. Removal of partially dissolved kanemite during the cation-exchange process avoided the formation of amorphous materials as a by-product. Structures of some intermediate silicate/surfactant complexes supported the proposed folded sheets mechanism for the formation of the mesoporous molecular sieves. Syntheses by using alkyltrimethylammonium with different alkyl-chain lengths are also reported.
Heavy Crude Oil Viscosity Reduction and the Impact of Asphaltene Precipitation (2013)

One of the main challenges associated with the production of heavy or extra-heavy crude oil is transportation of the oil by pipelines, particularly without the prior reduction of the oil viscosity to acceptable values to ensure oil fluidity in the pipelines. The reduction of viscosity can be obtained by various sophisticated methods. In this study, we investigated different blending techniques to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil. The blending of Middle East heavy crude oil with light crude oil or with one of its distillates, such as kerosene or diesel, as diluents was conducted over the entire range of weight fractions at 20 °C and atmospheric pressure. The heavy oil viscosity was decreased from 4000 to 500 cP, representing an 88% reduction. The experimental data were fitted with an empirical equation, and the results were satisfactory, with an average absolute value of the deviation of 0.0015 cP. A negative performance of the heavy oil with diluent mixtures was identified based on the asphaltene precipitation phenomenon, which was found to depend on not only the type and composition of the diluents used but also the concentration of each diluent. To obtain additional insight into asphaltene precipitation, qualitative studies were performed with scanning electron microscopy imaging and dynamic light scattering. Compared to the other diluents, kerosene distillates performed well with a specific heavy crude oil sample under our testing conditions. The addition of 0.5–2 wt % of a solvent mixture of polar protic hexane-1-ol and nonpolar toluene to the crude oil and diluent mixture was found to successfully delay the precipitation of asphaltene in these low-viscosity mixtures.
Effects of Contextual versus Definitional Computer‐assisted Vocabulary Instruction on Immediate and Long‐term Vocabulary Retention of Advanced ESL Students (1989)

This paper investigates the role of definitional information versus contextual information in computer‐assisted vocabulary instruction. A group of 58 advanced ESL students participated in the main data‐collection phase. The results revealed that context‐embedded vocabulary exercises facilitate better long‐term retention of words that exist in context. This finding is noteworthy in that the context‐embedded condition is the natural vocabulary condition commonly observed in reading. Students seldom encounter direct definitions or a series of related synonyms in the natural passage condition. Definitional knowledge, however, appears to be important in developing a basic concept of a given word in the initial phases of vocabulary development.
A Novel Output Filter Topology to Reduce Motor Overvoltage (2004)

When an induction machine is supplied with a voltage-source pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) inverter, a ringing voltage overshoot appears at motor terminals due to steep PWM voltage pulse propagation along the motor cable. It has been reported that in particular situations, when very long motor cables are used and retrofit installations, the overvoltage could stress motors with poor insulation. This paper presents a novel inverter output filter topology consisting of an LC filter which has the star point of the common-mode capacitors clamped to the + and - dc-link rails by the means of two diodes. The proposed filter drastically reduces the voltage overshoot at the motor terminals, thus reducing motor insulation stress. This is a cheap alternative to more known industrial solutions.
N-Glycan Structures of Pigeon IgG (2003)

We had shown previously that all major glycoproteins of pigeon egg white contain Galalpha1-4Gal epitopes (Suzuki, N., Khoo, K. H., Chen, H. C., Johnson, J. R., and Lee, Y. C. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 23221-23229). We now report that Galalpha1-4Gal-bearing glycoproteins are also present in pigeon serum, lymphocytes, and liver, as probed by Western blot with Griffonia simplicifolia-I lectin (specific for terminal alpha-Gal) and anti-P1 (specific for Galalpha1-4Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-) monoclonal antibody. One of the major glycoproteins from pigeon plasma was identified as IgG (also known as IgY), which has Galalpha1-4Gal in its heavy chains. High pressure liquid chromatography, mass spectrometric (MS), and MS/MS analyses revealed that N-glycans of pigeon serum IgG included (i) high mannose-type (33.3%), (ii) disialylated biantennary complex-type (19.2%), and (iii) alpha-galactosylated complex-type N-glycans (47.5%). Bi- and tri-antennary oligosaccharides with bisecting GlcNAc and alpha1-6 Fuc on the Asn-linked GlcNAc were abundant among N-glycans possessing terminal Galalpha1-4Gal sequences. Moreover, MS/MS analysis identified Galalpha1-4Galbeta1-4Galbeta1-4GlcNAc branch terminals, which are not found in pigeon egg white glycoproteins. An additional interesting aspect is that about two-thirds of high mannose-type N-glycans from pigeon IgG were monoglucosylated. Comparison of the N-glycan structures with chicken and quail IgG indicated that the presence of high mannose-type oligosaccharides may be a characteristic of these avian IgG.
The search for the hydrophobic force law (2010)

After nearly 30 years of research on the hydrophobic interaction, the search for the hydrophobic force law is still continuing. Indeed, there are more questions than answers, and the experimental data are often quite different for nominally similar conditions, as well as, apparently, for nano-, micro-, and macroscopic surfaces. This has led to the conclusion that the experimentally observed force-distance relationships are either a combination of different 'fundamental' interactions, or that the hydrophobic force-law, if there is one, is complex--depending on numerous parameters. The only unexpectedly strong attractive force measured in all experiments so far has a range of D approximately 100-200 angstroms, increasing roughly exponentially down to approximately 10-20 angstroms and then more steeply down to adhesive contact at D = 0 or, for power-law potentials, effectively at D approximately 2 angstroms. The measured forces in this regime (100-200 angstroms) and especially the adhesive forces are much stronger, and have a different distance-dependence from the continuum VDW force (Lifshitz theory) for non-conducting dielectric media. We suggest a three-regime force-law for the forces observed between hydrophobic surfaces: In the first, from 100-200 angstroms to thousands of angstroms, the dominating force is created by complementary electrostatic domains or patches on the apposing surfaces and/or bridging vapour cavities; a 'pure' but still not well-understood 'long-range hydrophobic force' dominates the second regime from approximately 150 to approximately 15 angstroms, possibly due to an enhanced Hamaker constant associated with the 'proton-hopping' polarizability of water; while below approximately 10-15 anstroms to contact there is another 'pure short-range hydrophobic force' related to water structuring effects associated with surface-induced changes in the orientation and/or density of water molecules and H-bonds at the water-hydrophobic interface. We present recent SFA and other experimental results, as well as a simplified model for water based on a spherically-symmetric potential that is able to capture some basic features of hydrophobic association. Such a model may be useful for theoretical studies of the HI over the broad range of scales observed in SFA experiments.
The Action of Peptidases from Aspergillus oryzae in Digestion of Soybean Proteins (1972)

The purified alkaline and neutral proteinases from Aspergillus oryzae dissolved and hydrolyzed soybean proteins to peptides, but produced only small amounts of free amino acids. Peptidases from A. oryzae were found to play an important role in digestion of the peptides formed by the above proteinases to yield free amino acids. Especially, the contribution rate of leucine aminopeptidase II in glutamic acid liberation from soybean proteins was 79.11% under the conditions of the present experiments with the L16-type orthogonal arrangement. A remarkable increase of glutamic acid in the hydrolyzate of the soybean proteins was also exhibited by the action of the above enzyme in the addition tests. On the basis of these results, determinations of activity of some exopeptidases were proposed for better evaluation of shoyu koji.
Early glial activation, synaptic changes and axonal pathology in the thalamocortical system of Niemann–Pick type C1 mice (2011)

Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) is an inherited lysosomal storage disease characterised by accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. NPC patients suffer a progressive neurodegenerative phenotype presenting with motor dysfunction, mental retardation and cognitive decline. To examine the onset and progression of neuropathological insults in NPC we have systematically examined the CNS of a mouse model of NPC1 (Npc1−/− mice) at different stages of the disease course. This revealed a specific spatial and temporal pattern of neuropathology in Npc1−/− mice, highlighting that sensory thalamic pathways are particularly vulnerable to loss of NPC1 resulting in neurodegeneration in Npc1−/− mice. Examination of markers of astrocytosis and microglial activation revealed a particularly pronounced reactive gliosis in the thalamus early in the disease, which subsequently also occurred in interconnected cortical laminae at later ages. Our examination of the precise staging of events demonstrate that the relationship between glia and neurons varies between brain regions in Npc1−/− mice, suggesting that the cues causing glial reactivity may differ between brain regions. In addition, aggregations of pre-synaptic markers are apparent in white matter tracts and the thalamus and are likely to be formed within axonal spheroids. Our data provide a new perspective, revealing a number of events that occur prior to and alongside neuron loss and highlighting that these occur in a pathway dependent manner.
Periodontal disease and diabetes-Review of the literature (2011)

Control of periodontal disease may enhance glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. In turn, improved glycemic control may contribute to a better control of periodontal disease.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs): An Emerging Model System for the Study of Human Neurotoxicology (2011)

This chapter describes the materials and methods necessary to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from primary human fibroblasts and direct their differentiation into neural progenitor cells. Application of such methods is an emerging model for the study of neurotoxicity focused on human neurons and glia derived from specific patients. The techniques described here include primary human fibroblast culture, lentiviral/retroviral-mediated iPSC inductions, iPSC clonal expansion and maintenance, validation of pluripotency markers, and neuronal differentiation of iPSCs. Methods and applications using iPSCs are rapidly changing: here we describe the current methods used in our laboratories. The iPSC induction method featured in this chapter is based on a two-step viral transduction approach described by Dr. Shinya Yamanaka and colleagues (Cell 131:861–872, 2007) modified following the protocol of Dr. Sheng Ding and collaborators (Nat Methods 6:805–808, 2009). The neuralization method featured in this chapter is based on the method described by Lorenz Studer and colleagues (Nat Biotechnol 27:275–280, 2009). Maintenance and cryostorage methods were developed in our lab by optimizing a combination of approaches described in the literature. This chapter is not meant to be comprehensive, but instead focuses on the core competencies needed to begin working with human iPSCs and neuralization of these cells for toxicological studies.
Geotechnical Properties of Marine and Deltaic Soft Clays (2007)

More and more construction projects are encountering soft clays and hence there is a need to better quantifying the properties of soft clays. In this study, physical, index and strength properties of marine (different parts of the world) and deltaic soft clays (Houston, Texas) were determined using the soft soil database developed from the published data in the literature. Data was analyzed using statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, variance and probability density function). Based on the coefficient of variation (COV), the deltaic deposit from one location showed greater variation in the index properties than the marine deposits collectively. Although the undrained shear strengths for both deposits were beta distribution the COV for the undrained shear strength for the marine and deltaic soft clays were 38% and 26% respectively. The linear relationship between undrained shear strength (Su) and preconsolidation (σp) was verified for the marine clays. A new relationship between undrained shear strength (Su) and in-situ vertical stress (σv) has been developed for the soft clays. Also constitutive models used for predicting the soft soil behavior have been summarized.
A Time for Play - Permission from the EYLF (2010)

The Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) (DEEWR, 2009) gives us a mandate to rethink our early childhood programs and enhance what 'we already do and know' with deeper understandings and knowledge.
Quorum sensing pathways in Gram-positive and -negative bacteria: potential of their interruption in abating drug resistance (2019)

Quorum sensing (QS) is an inter-cell communication between bacterial populations through release of tiny diffusible compounds as signalling agents, called auto-inducers, abetting bacteria to track population density. QS allows bacterial population to perform collectively in coordination to wide phenotypes like alterations in expression of virulence genes to achieve advancement over their competitors, drug resistance and biofilm formation. Several classes of autoinducers have been described that are involved in bacterial virulence. This review gives an insight into the multitudinous QS systems in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to explore their role in microbial physiology and pathogenesis. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has clinically become a super challenge. Strategies to interrupt QS pathways by natural and synthetic QS inhibitors or quorum quenchers or analogs provide a potential treatment. We highlight the advancements in discovery of promising new targets for development of next generation antimicrobials to control infections caused by multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens.
Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats: sequence of pathologic events. (1982)

Adriamycin has been suspected of causing experimental nephrotoxicity. We report here that adriamycin induces a nephrotic syndrome in rats, proteinuria beginning 4 to 5 days after a single intravenous injection (7.5 mg. per kg. of body weight). The full expression of the syndrome develops 13 to 15 days later. Minimal alterations at light microscopy, negative immunofluorescence, and only some focal "fusion" of foot processes can be observed by electron microscopy in the early phase after injection (28 hours). At 13 days, loss of foot process architecture, and replacement by flattened epithelial cytoplasm, was invariably found. These ultrastructural findings became extensive at 28 days follow-up. Colloidal iron staining of kidney biopsies revealed loss of glomerular polyanions as early as 3 hours and very marked loss at 28 hours after adriamycin injection. Polyanions were totally absent at 13 days and were still undetectable at 28 days. Thus, the loss of polyanionic charges associated with the sialic acid coat precedes the ultrastructural changes and the onset of proteinuria. These changes appeared similar to those reported in rats treated with daunomycin or puromycin animonucleoside. The present study supports in a different animal model the concept that both morphologic changes and proteinuria are the consequence of a common primary event that is the loss of glomerular fixed negative charges.
Role of natural killer cells as immune effectors in encephalitis and demyelination induced by Theiler's virus. (1989)

Infection of susceptible mice (SJL) with Theiler's murine encephalitis virus (TMEV) causes a biphasic disease characterized by gray matter inflammation followed by late chronic demyelination. The role of NK cells was studied in this model by using susceptible (SJL) or resistant (C57BL/10) mice. CNS TMEV titer were higher in SJL compared with C57BL/10 mice, correlating with a 50% lower NK cell activity in the SJL than in the C57BL/10 mice. When resistant (C57BL/10) mice were depleted of NK cells using either mAb NK1.1 or polyclonal anti-asialo-GM1, TMEV induced the development of diffuse encephalitis and meningitis early in the postinfection period (days 6 to 11). However, the second phase of TMEV-induced CNS disease (demyelination) was observed only in resistant C57BL/10 mice treated with anti-asialo-GM1. Experiments with beige/beige mice of C57BL/10 background showed a mild degree of gray matter inflammation but no demyelination. In conclusion, NK cells are critical effectors in protecting against TMEV-induced gray matter disease, whereas a different population of either NK1.1- NK cells, or other activated lymphocytes may be critical in resistance/susceptibility to demyelination.
GRAS flavoring substances 18 (1998)

There is no abstract available for the item entitled GRAS flavoring substances 19.
Multimedia music distribution and sharing among mediateques, archives and their attendees (2003)

Archives of mediateques, theatres, music schools, conservatories, universities, etc., are the most important sources of cultural heritage. Such institutions are interested in digitizing content to (i) improve the service towards their attendees, thus increasing the number of collections provided, (ii) add new functionalities to the service already provided, (iii) save fragile materials otherwise settled to time deterioration, such as tapes, disks, documents, etc. Publishers are interested in digitizing only content that guarantees a certain return of investment and at the same time they are inclined to limit the distribution of the content located in archives, so as to control its exploitation and to preserve the content ownership. WEDELMUSIC has been defined to allow content providers to share and distribute interactive music in the respect of the owner's rights. This means that networks of content sharing Mediateques can arise while respecting the owner's rights. Consequently, solutions, models and tools were defined and developed, including adequate protection and monitoring solutions.
Exact Confidence Bounds, Based on One Order Statistic, for the Parameter of an Exponential Population (1964)

For a one-parameter negative exponential population, reasonably good interval estimates of the parameter σ may be obtained from one suitably chosen order statistic. The coefficients of the mth order statistic xm in exact confidence bounds for σ are found by taking the negative reciprocals of the natural logarithms of percentage points of the Beta distribution. The interval between exact lower and upper confidence bounds, each associated with confidence 1 – P, is, of course, an exact central confidence interval (confidence 1 – 2P). Results have been computed for several values of m, clustered about the value which yields the most efficient point estimator, for sample size n = 1(1)20(2)40 and P = .0001, .0005, .001, .005, .01, .025, .05, .1(.1).5. The definition of efficiency commonly used for point estimators is extended to confidence bounds and confidence intervals. The following tables are included, together with a description of the method of computation and a brief discussion of possible uses: (1) a table of upper confidence bounds and central confidence intervals for σ, based on one order statistic, together with their efficiencies, for that value of m which maximizes the efficiency of the upper confidence bound, for each combination of n and 1 – P and (2) a similar table for that value of m which maximizes the efficiency of the central confidence interval, when the two values of m differ. A numerical example is also given.
The effect of the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate on the gastric mucosa and particularly the gastrin cell (1998)

The peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate induces hypergastrinemia without inhibiting acid secretion. The present study was carried out to assess the effect of ciprofibrate on serum gastrin and gastrin (G) cells in different strains of rats and to compare the effect of ciprofibrate with other lipid-reducing agents (lovastatin and simvastatin) which have a different mechanism of action. Serum gastrin was determined by a radioimmunoassay method, G cell density by histomorphometry after immunostaining for G cells, and gastrin, somatostatin and histidine decarboxylase (HDC) mRNA abundance by Northern blot analysis. Ciprofibrate (100 mg/kg/day for three weeks) induced a marked hypergastrinemia (P < 0.01) in male and female Fischer rats as well as in female Wistar rats. Simvastatin and lovastatin did not affect serum gastrin. Antral G cell density increased significantly in female Wistar rats (P < 0.05) and non-significantly in the other rats after ciprofibrate. Both gastrin and somatostatin mRNA abundance in antral mucosa increased markedly and significantly (P < 0.01) after ciprofibrate treatment. The present study shows that the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate induces hypergastrinemia secondary to an increased storage and synthesis of antral gastrin. Since somatostatin mRNA abundance also increased, the present study suggests that ciprofibrate and possibly other peroxisome proliferators in sufficient concentrations have a stimulatory effect on endocrine cells.