gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CMOS Monolithic Metal–Oxide Gas Sensor Microsystems (2006)

This paper presents two mixed-signal monolithic gas sensor microsystems fabricated in standard 0.8- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$muhbox m$</tex> CMOS technology combined with post-CMOS micromachining to form the microhotplates. The on-chip microhotplates provide very high temperatures (between 200 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$^circ$</tex> C and 400 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$^circ$</tex> C), which are necessary for the normal operation of metal–oxide sensing layers. The first microsystem has a single-ended architecture comprising a microhotplate (diameter of 300 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$muhbox m$</tex> ) and a digital proportional-integral-derivative (PID) microhotplate temperature controller. The second microsystem has a fully-differential architecture comprising an array of three microhotplates (diameter of 100 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$muhbox m$</tex> ) and three digital PID microhotplate temperature controllers (one controller per microhotplate). The on-chip digital PID temperature controllers can accurately adjust the microhotplate temperatures up to 400 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$^circ$</tex> C with a resolution of 2 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$^circ$</tex> C. Further, both microsystems feature on-chip logarithmic converters for the readout of the metal–oxide resistors (which cover a measurement range between 1 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$hbox kOmega$</tex> and 10 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$hbox MOmega$</tex> ), 10-bit A/D converters, anti-aliasing filters, 10-bit D/A converters, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$I ^2 C$</tex> serial interfaces, and bulk-chip temperature sensors. Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in the sub-parts-per-million (ppm) range are detectable, and a resolution of 0.2 ppm CO has been achieved.
Kilohertz optical resonances in dielectric crystal cavities (2004)

We experimentally demonstrate a crystalline ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ optical whispering gallery mode resonator characterized by the quality factor $Q>2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}$ at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=1.319\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. We also report the demonstration of ultrahigh-$Q$ resonators of lithium niobate and lithium tantalate $(Q>2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8})$, and sapphire $(Q>{10}^{9})$. We discuss fundamental limits of the $Q$ factor, and application of such resonators for measurement of ultrasmall optical losses in various materials. We further analyze the observation of thermo-optical instability in whispering gallery modes of crystalline resonators.
Protein Losses in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (1981)

Protein losses in peritoneal dialysate were determined in 220 exchanges from 19 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. With four exchanges per day, mean protein losses in 79 dialysate collections over 24 h were 12.2 g. Protein losses per exchange increased with cycle time, however, protein losses per day were greater with more exchanges per day.
High gain dual-band antenna using photovoltaic panel as metamaterial superstrate (2011)

A novel planar dual-band antenna by using a panel of photovoltaic cells as a metamaterial layer for dual-band operation is presented. A 10-Watt, 72-cell unmodified commercial photovoltaic panel is applied as a transparent layer in the first operation band and as a semi-transparent layer for λ/2 Fabry-Pérot cavity in the second operation band to achieve high antenna gain. Unit-cell transmission analysis is adopted to determine the frequency point of operation. The proposed prototype achieves remarkable 17.3 dBi and 6.6 dBi antenna gain at 3.5 GHz and 1.23 GHz, respectively fed by a dual-band dipole. With the aid of PV panel, the antenna can support an upper band at about 3550 MHz to cover the WiMAX 3.5 GHz (3400-3600 MHz) operation band and a lower band at about 1185 MHz to cover the 70 MHz operation bandwidth. The very combination of photovoltaic cell and antenna exhibits high fill factor, high-gain, and simple construction characteristics.
New Macrocyclic Polyethers (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Macrocyclic PolyethersC J. PedersenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2, 391–394Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online9 December 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00705a606https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00705a606research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views860Altmetric-Citations297LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flow visualization and spectral measurements in a simulated rigid disk drive (1988)

An experimental simulation of the fluid mechanics of a rigid disk drive was performed, matching the geometry and Ekman number of a full size (14-in) disk drive. Three different flow configurations were studied. The first was a simplified geometry used to determine the basic structure of the flow. The second case explored the effect of the introduction of cooling flow into the basic geometry, and the third considered the separate effect of the blockage due to the presence of the supports for the read heads. All three cases exhibited flow regimes near the rotating hub which were distinct from the flow farther away from the hub. In addition, each of the flow configurations contained features not found in the other cases. The implications of these flow features with respect to disk drive performance are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vitamin C is one of the lipolytic substances in green tea (2002)

We have studied the influence of vitamin C contained in green tea on the lipolysis of well-differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. When mature adipocytes were exposed to vitamin C the triglyceride concentration was decreased (p < 0.05) and the activity of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, a marker of adipose conversion, was significantly inhibited (p < 0.01). These data suggest that green tea may have a lipolytic activity due to the mechanism by which the vitamin C contained in it inhibits triglyceride accumulation.
Structural and photocurrent–voltage characteristics of tungsten oxide thin films on <i>p </i>-GaAs (1996)

An n-type WO3 thin film on a p-type GaAs substrate has been investigated in terms of its structural, electrical, and photocurrent–voltage characteristics. Crystallization of the monoclinic phases of WO3 occurred at 400 °C as identified by a glancing angle x-ray diffractometer. Above 400 °C, small traces of gallium oxide (Ga2O3)were observed along with higher intensities of the monoclinic peaks. The formation of Ga2O3 was confirmed by a depth profile analysis using an Auger electron spectrometer. Electrical resistivity measured by the van der Pauw method was influenced by the crystalline nature and the interfacial states induced by the diffused atoms from each side of WO3 and GaAs. A high photocurrent density of 7.5 mA/ cm2 at −1.0 V (vs SCE) appeared at the crystalline WO3 on p-type GaAs at 400 °C resulting from effective carrier movement through the interfaces.
Modified Enzyme Substrates for the Detection of Bacteria: A Review (2020)

The ability to detect, identify and quantify bacteria is crucial in clinical diagnostics, environmental testing, food security settings and in microbiology research. Recently, the threat of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens pushed the global scientific community to develop fast, reliable, specific and affordable methods to detect bacterial species. The use of synthetically modified enzyme substrates is a convenient approach to detect bacteria in a specific, economic and rapid manner. The method is based on the use of specific enzyme substrates for a given bacterial marker enzyme, conjugated to a signalogenic moiety. Following enzymatic reaction, the signalophor is released from the synthetic substrate, generating a specific and measurable signal. Several types of signalophors have been described and are defined by the type of signal they generate, such as chromogenic, fluorogenic, luminogenic, electrogenic and redox. Signalophors are further subdivided into groups based on their solubility in water, which is key in defining their application on solid or liquid media for bacterial culturing. This comprehensive review describes synthetic enzyme substrates and their applications for bacterial detection, showing their mechanism of action and their synthetic routes.
Bacterial contamination of corneal donor tissue. (1980)

We studied bacterial contamination of corneal donor material following processing by two techniques prior to immersion in McCarey-Kaufman medium. If the whole eye was immersed in Neosporin, 24.5% of cultures were positive. If eyes were only rinsed with Neosporin, 47.5% of cultures were positive. No eyes receiving this tissue developed infections. Cultures were much more likely to be positive if the donors had been on a respirator prior to death.
Plutonium Loading onto Reillex HPQ Anion Exchange Resin (2001)

The new HB-Line facility was designed and built in the early to mid 1980s. Phase II of HB-Line is currently being prepared for startup to stabilize Pu solutions. This facility was designed to receive Pu (or Np) nitrate solutions from H-Canyon and convert them into oxides for storage or shipment. After receipt of Pu solution, anion exchange columns will both purify and concentrate the Pu nitrate solution, after which it will be converted to an oxide via oxalate precipitation, filtration and calcination. The current work examined the Pu loading characteristics of the ''improved'' resin. The first objective of this work was to measure the resin capacity under HB-Line process conditions to determine the point at which visual Pu break-through would occur. A second objective was to determine the ultimate capacity of the resin column if loading continued well past the point of visual break-through.
The Elusive 7-Silanorbornadien-7-ylium:  Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrilium and Oxonium Ions Deriving from 2,3-Benzo-7-silanorbornadien-7-ylium (2001)

Silylnitrilium (6) and Silyloxonium (7) ions have been synthesized by reaction of 2,3-benzo-1,4,5,6,7-pentaphenyl-7-silanorbornadiene, 4, with trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate in benzene in the presence of acetonitrile and diethyl ether, respectively, and have been identified by NMR spectroscopy, supported by density functional calculations of the NMR chemical shift. Solvent-free 2,3-benzo-1,4,5,6,7-pentaphenyl-7-silanorbornadien-7-ylium, 3, could not be detected under the applied conditions (room temperature, aromatic hydrocarbons or −60 °C, dichloromethane). The results of density functional calculations for the model compound 2,3-benzo-7-phenyl-7-silanorbornadien-7-ylium, 8, and isomeric C16H13Si+ species suggest that 3 undergoes in hydrocarbon solution a facile exothermic rearrangement to the highly reactive π-type complex PhSi+//tetraphenylnaphthalene.
Modelling and simulation of Solar PV Array under partial shaded conditions (2008)

The global electrical energy consumption is steadily rising and therefore there is a continuous demand to increase the power generation capacity. Increasing prices of fossil fuels and awareness of global warming have drawn attention towards the use of Solar Photo Voltaic Cells as an alternative source of electric power. Experimental determination of voltage-current characteristic of a solar panel is required for its simulation and setting the parameters of the circuit for extracting maximum power. An attempt to determine such a characteristic by connecting a variable resistance across the panel and measuring the voltage and current by meters is not accurate all the times due to varying cloud positions and temperature during the experiment. A method to quickly draw the characteristics and recording the result using an electronic load has been presented in this paper. As a single cell produces voltage around 0.7V only, a number of cells are connected in series forming a Solar Photo Voltaic Array (SPVA) to produce voltage levels of practical use. For a practical SPVA spread over large area, it is difficult to maintain uniform insolation on all the cells at all times and the performance of the array is affected. Such a problem may arise due to passing clouds, shadow caused by neighboring buildings, trees etc. Under this non uniform insolated condition the P-V characteristics get more complex with multiple peaks. To get the maximum power from the SPVA under all conditions of insolation, it is very important to understand and predict the P-V characteristics. In this paper, characteristics of three solar panels receiving different insolations and connected in series have been drawn using fast electronic load. A method to add the characteristics of individual panels to obtain the combined characteristics has also been presented.
Numerical model of crimping by finite element method (2002)

Numerical model of crimping by finite element method is proposed, and the concept of an instantaneous strain by a creep is introduced to this model. The spring-back quantity is reduced by the exchange of elastic strain to instantaneous strain, and contact force occurs between the barrel and conductors. The hinge model is also proposed to explain the effect of the barrel length; crimps with a long barrel have higher contact pressure. The contact pressure of short and long barrel crimps are 2.5 kg/mm/sup 2/ and more than 3 kg/mm/sup 2/, respectively.
Iron metabolism in Parkinsonian syndromes (2006)

Growing evidence suggests an involvement of iron in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Several of the diseases are associated with parkinsonian syndromes, induced by degeneration of basal ganglia regions that contain the highest amount of iron within the brain. The group of neurodegenerative disorders associated with parkinsonian syndromes with increased brain iron content can be devided into two groups: (1) parkinsonian syndromes associated with brain iron accumulation, including Parkinson's disease, diffuse Lewy body disease, parkinsonian type of multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal ganglionic degeneration, and Westphal variant of Huntington's disease; and (2) monogenetically caused disturbances of brain iron metabolism associated with parkinsonian syndromes, including aceruloplasminemia, hereditary ferritinopathies affecting the basal ganglia, and panthotenate kinase associated neurodegeneration type 2. Although it is still a matter of debate whether iron accumulation is a primary cause or secondary event in the first group, there is no doubt that iron-induced oxidative stress contributes to neurodegeneration. Parallels concerning pathophysiological as well as clinical aspects can be drawn between disorders of both groups. Results from animal models and reduction of iron overload combined with at least partial relief of symptoms by application of iron chelators in patients of the second group give hope that targeting the iron overload might be one possibility to slow down the neurodegenerative cascade also in the first group of inevitably progressive neurodegenerative disorders.
A COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC STUDY IN RABBITS OF INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY OF THE SERUM SICKNESS TYPE (1953)

A histologic and quantitative immunologic study was made on a large group of rabbits injected intravenously with a single dose of crystallized bovine albumin and bled and sacrificed at various intervals after injection. Both cardiovascular and renal lesions were encountered in high incidence. The various stages in the development of these lesions were observed from their first appearance until their complete regression. The cardiac, vascular, and renal alterations were morphologically similar to those of rheumatic fever, polyarteritis nodosa, and acute glomerulonephritis, respectively, in man. In addition to those tissue changes ordinarily attributed to hypersensitivity, peculiar granulomatous lesions consisting of epithelioid and foreign body giant cells were encountered in the follicles of the spleen and in the lymph nodes of a large proportion of the animals receiving the antigen. Similar granulomas in the spleen and lymph nodes as well as in other tissues have been described in polyarteritis nodosa. The present experimental demonstration that an epithelioid and giant cell reaction may result from hypersensitivity provides evidence for the allergic origin of those cases of polyarteritis nodosa of unknown etiology containing this type of lesion. In the present study the time of development of the cardiovascular, renal, and granulomatous lesions was determined in relation to the blood clearance of antigen and the time of appearance of circulating antibody. All the tissue lesions developed during the "immune" phase of antigen elimination and regressed after the antigen had been completely eliminated and free antibody had appeared in the circulation. These temporal relationships indicate that the tissue lesions which occur after the intravenous administration of foreign protein are the result of antigen-antibody combination.
Evaluating permanent seismic monitoring with shallow buried sensors in a desert environment (2012)

We present results of a feasibility study evaluating various configurations for seismic monitoring in a desert environment. The experiment, conducted in an onshore field in Saudi Arabia, involved drilling and instrumenting 80 shallow receiver holes located along a 2D line and shooting multiple repeat surveys with a dense carpet of vibrator points. In each shallow hole colocated geophones and hydrophones were permanently cemented at 10, 20 and 30 m below surface. A small cluster of 12 surface geophones is placed next to each hole for comparison purposes. It was essential to design a processing sequence that was optimized for imaging and repeatability. The best stack image and repeatability were obtained using data from the receivers located at the deepest level. Post-stack repeatability of around ∼ 15% normalized root-mean-square amplitude (NRMS) is obtained over a large portion of the 2D line. Virtual source redatuming of buried receiver data offered additional imaging improvements. Both conventional and redatumed images show significant improvement when adaptive dual-sensor summation was also utilized. Despite a very complex near surface, dense and frequent shooting to permanently cemented buried sensors delivers repeatability approaching marine data.
Glycoside Esters of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer (2008)

Aliphatic and ethylene glycol esters of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) are very efficient precursors of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) for photodynamic therapy; however, they diffuse passively across the cell membrane and thus lack cell selectivity. We evaluated whether alpha-glucose, alpha-mannose, or beta-galactose esters of ALA would present improved properties as precursors of PpIX. Esterification was performed either at the position O-1 or O-6 of the sugars with or without an ethylene glycol linker, and these glycoside esters of ALA were evaluated in human cells. The results demonstrated that glycoside esters of ALA are efficient precursors of PpIX in human cancer and angiogenic endothelial cells, comparable to free ALA, but not in normal human fibroblasts. PpIX production was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and photodynamic treatment of cells. The O-1 or O-6 positions of functionalization and the nature of the sugar moiety did not influence PpIX production. The presence of the ethylene glycol linker generally resulted in decreased PpIX production. The uptake of these glycoside esters of ALA by cells was not decreased in the presence of high concentrations of the related sugars. Inhibitors of alpha-glucosidases or alpha-mannosidases did not decrease PpIX production. These results suggest the involvement of active non-glycoside-specific membrane transporter(s) for uptake and of esterases rather than glycosidases in the release of ALA from the glycoside esters of ALA.
Construction of a Shuttle Vector for, and Spheroplast Transformation of, the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon <i>Pyrococcus abyssi</i> (2002)

ABSTRACT Our understanding of the genetics of species of the best-studied hyperthermophilic archaea, Pyrococcus spp . , is presently limited by the lack of suitable genetic tools, such as a stable cloning vector and the ability to select individual transformants on plates. Here we describe the development of a reliable host-vector system for the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi . Shuttle vectors were constructed based on the endogenous plasmid pGT5 from P. abyssi strain GE5 and the bacterial vector pLitmus38. As no antibiotic resistance marker is currently available for Pyrococcus spp., we generated a selectable auxotrophic marker. Uracil auxotrophs resistant to 5-fluoorotic acid were isolated from P. abyssi strain GE9 (devoid of pGT5). Genetic analysis of these mutants revealed mutations in the pyrE and/or pyrF genes, encoding key enzymes of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. Two pyrE mutants exhibiting low reversion rates were retained for complementation experiments. For that purpose, the pyrE gene, encoding orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase) of the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeote Sulfolobus acidocaldarius , was introduced into the pGT5-based vector, giving rise to pYS2. With a polyethylene glycol-spheroplast method, we could reproducibly transform P. abyssi GE9 pyrE mutants to prototrophy, though with low frequency (10 2 to 10 3 transformants per μg of pYS2 plasmid DNA). Transformants did grow as well as the wild type on minimal medium without uracil and showed comparable OPRTase activity. Vector pYS2 proved to be very stable and was maintained at high copy number under selective conditions in both Escherichia coli and P. abyssi .