gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Unbonded Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Bearings (2009)

Multilayer elastomeric bearings are a type of seismic isolation device that mitigates seismic damage by lengthening the fundamental period of a low-rise structure. Carbon fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs) have been identified as a cost effective alternative to bearings reinforced with steel shims. The stable unbonded fiber reinforced elastomeric isolator (SU-FREI) is an evolution of the FREI. In an attempt to reduce costs even further, FREI bearings of a specific aspect ratio and shape factor have been investigated in an unbonded application with successful results. SU-FREI bearings have shown potential as a viable solution for a more affordable and efficient method of seismic base isolation. Several experimental test procedures were employed in this thesis to further investigate the performance of SU-FREI bearings. The first objective of this research was to compare the dynamic properties of unscragged SU-FREI bearings at parallel and diagonal orientations. Square 1/4 scale SU-FREI bearings were subjected to cyclic excitation under design axial load at 0° (parallel) and 45° (diagonal) orientations. Square SU-FREI bearings achieved acceptable base isolation characteristics at both orientations despite subtle differences in their mechanical properties. Stable rollover (SR) deformation was observed for both orientations. The stability of SU-FREI bearings under dynamic excitation was the next topic investigated in this thesis. To achieve this, 1/4 scale square SU-FREI bearings were subjected to cyclic testing under incrementally increasing lateral displacement amplitudes and axial loads. It was found that the critical buckling load under dynamic excitation decreases with increasing lateral excitation amplitude. SU-FREI bearings exhibited acceptable performance at axial loads well in excess of expected design axial loads. In addition, an ultimate shear properties test was performed in order to investigate rollout instability in SU-FREI bearings. Rollout was not observed in bearings tested in this study. Test results did however highlight the stiffening effect of vertical facial contact throughout roll over deformation. Finally, SU-FREI bearings underwent cyclic testing under serviceability and fatigue conditions. Serviceability tests were performed on 1/4 scale SU-FREI bearings at lateral displacement amplitudes corresponding to those expected from a 1 in 10 year return period wind pressure. Fatigue testing was performed on 1/4 scale bearings at a lateral displacement amplitude equal to the total design displacement (D<sub>TD</sub>) as required by ASCE 7-05. SU-FREI bearings displayed adequate scragged performance under both serviceability and fatigue testing. Both effective stiffness and damping remained within acceptable limits throughout these tests.
Invader at the gate: The status of red imported fire ant in Australia and Asia (2019)

Abstract Since it first secured a foothold in the southern United States in the 1930s from its native South America, the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren has now spread to more than 20 countries and territories. We update the status of S. invicta in Australia, China and Taiwan and discuss the invasion threat posed to other countries in the region, including India, Japan, South Korea, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. An analysis of the manner of spread and responses by governments to the invasion reveals some important lessons: (a) S. invicta can be eradicated if detected early enough, (b) there has been a level of unpreparedness and under‐resourcing of quarantine agencies in some countries to deal with the pest, (c) strict controls on the movement of products likely to harbor S. invicta are essential in preventing or slowing the spread of the pest and has a major influence on the success or failure of eradication efforts and (d) a coordinated agency response is necessary to prevent treatment failure. Currently, cargo container traffic is the main mechanism for movement of S. invicta around the world and can only be addressed by international collaboration. Given the recent fire ant propagule pressure on Japan and South Korea via container traffic from China, it is likely that China may be a new bridgehead for the invasion of its neighbors in Asia and beyond.
Validation of Automated White Matter Hyperintensity Segmentation (2011)

Introduction. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are a common finding on MRI scans of older people and are associated with vascular disease. We compared 3 methods for automatically segmenting WMHs from MRI scans. Method. An operator manually segmented WMHs on MRI images from a 3T scanner. The scans were also segmented in a fully automated fashion by three different programmes. The voxel overlap between manual and automated segmentation was compared. Results. Between observer overlap ratio was 63%. Using our previously described in-house software, we had overlap of 62.2%. We investigated the use of a modified version of SPM segmentation; however, this was not successful, with only 14% overlap. Discussion. Using our previously reported software, we demonstrated good segmentation of WMHs in a fully automated fashion.
Impaired tyrosine phosphorylation and Ca2+ mobilization, but not degranulation, in lyn-deficient bone marrow-derived mast cells (1997)

Signaling through the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI) on mast cells and basophils results in rapid increases in tyrosine phosphorylation on a number of proteins. Fc epsilon RI associates with two classes of the tyrosine kinases, the Src family kinases, such as Lyn, c-Yes, and c-Src, and the Syk kinase. In this work, using primary mast cells derived from wild-type (lyn +/+) and lyn-deficient (lyn -/-) mice, we report that Lyn plays a part in signaling via Fc epsilon RI. Unlike lyn +/+ mast cells, cross-linking of Fc epsilon RI in lyn -/- mast cells failed to induce protein-tyrosine phosphorylation of various substrates, and evoked a delayed and slow Ca2+ mobilization. However, degranulation, adhesion, and production of cytokines occurred normally in lyn -/- mast cells. Our data suggest that the activity of the other Src family kinases, such as c-Src, can complement the role of Lyn in inducing most, but not all, biologic and biochemical responses to Fc epsilon RI cross-linking.
Philosophy and Issues (1959)

THE PERIOD under review confirms the remark of the British educator that American adult educators are forever pulling up the flower to examine the roots. The perennial issues in adult education stimulated controversy as in the past, with attempts to assess the issues more rigorously.
Composite preforms made of metal powder and solid metal by sinter bonding. (1991)

In the conventional die-compaction of a thin and long pipe-shaped machine component such as a shaft guide, density distribution is nonuniform because of the friction between the powder and the die wall. To overcome this disadvantage, the sinter bonding method of powder and solid metal is applied. Iron powder with additions of copper and carbon powders, and a steel pipe are placed concentrically in a closed-die and are compressed together. The powder is compacted not only axially by the punch but also radially by the solid metal which deforms incompressibly. Bonding between the powder and the solid metal is carried out during the sintering process. The density distribution in the composite performs is fairly uniform in spite of the thin and long shape. The bond strength is high at the midlength of the composite performs and low at both of their edges. The dependence of the bond strength on the added powders is explained by the maximum dimensional changes of the powder compact and of the steel which occur during sintering.
A distributed block coordinate descent method for training $l_1$ regularized linear classifiers (2014)

Distributed training of $l_1$ regularized classifiers has received great attention recently. Most existing methods approach this problem by taking steps obtained from approximating the objective by a quadratic approximation that is decoupled at the individual variable level. These methods are designed for multicore and MPI platforms where communication costs are low. They are inefficient on systems such as Hadoop running on a cluster of commodity machines where communication costs are substantial. In this paper we design a distributed algorithm for $l_1$ regularization that is much better suited for such systems than existing algorithms. A careful cost analysis is used to support these points and motivate our method. The main idea of our algorithm is to do block optimization of many variables on the actual objective function within each computing node; this increases the computational cost per step that is matched with the communication cost, and decreases the number of outer iterations, thus yielding a faster overall method. Distributed Gauss-Seidel and Gauss-Southwell greedy schemes are used for choosing variables to update in each step. We establish global convergence theory for our algorithm, including Q-linear rate of convergence. Experiments on two benchmark problems show our method to be much faster than existing methods.
The nucleation of HCl and Cl<sub>2</sub>‐based HVPE GaN on mis‐oriented sapphire substrates (2010)

Abstract The nucleation of both classic HCl‐based and novel Cl based HVPE GaN on mis‐oriented sapphire substrates was investigated. The use of Cl 2 in HVPE increases the growth rate by a factor of 4‐5 and strongly reduces the parasitic deposition, allowing for the growth of much thicker wafers than HCl‐based HVPE. Morphological SEM surface studies of the HCl‐based HVPE sample surface show that at 600 °C a nanocrystalline layer is deposited on the sapphire. During the subsequent annealing phase, the morphology changes to a μm‐sized island structure. During overgrowth at 1080 °C, the islands coalesce. Small voids or pinholes are then formed in between the coalescing GaN islands. These pinholes lead to numerous pits on the surface of the GaN at thicknesses of 5 μm. The pits disappear during continued overgrowth and can no longer be found on the surface, when the GaN film reaches a thickness of 45 μm. This particular coalescence mechanism also applies to Cl 2 ‐based HVPE GaN on sapphire (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Automated insertion of package dies onto wire and into a textile yarn sheath (2019)

Abstract Wider adoption of electronic textiles requires integration of small electronic components into textile fabrics, without comprising the textile qualities. A solution is to create a flexible yarn that incorporates electronic components within the fibres of the yarn (E-yarn). The production of these novel E-yarns was initially a craft skill, with the inclusion of package dies within the fibres of the yarn taking about 90 min. The research described here demonstrated that it is possible to produce E-yarns on an industrial scale by automating the manufacturing process. This involved adapting printed circuit board manufacturing technology and textile yarn covering machinery. The production process started with re-flow soldering of package dies onto fine multi-strand copper wire. A carrier yarn was then placed in parallel with the copper wire to provide tensile strength. The package die and adjacent carrier yarn were then encapsulated in a polymer micro-pod to provide protection from moisture ingress and from mechanical strain on the die and solder joints. The process was then completed by surrounding the micro-pod and copper interconnects with additional fibres, held tightly together with a knitted fibre-sheath. This prototype, automated production process reduced the time for embedding one micro-device within a yarn to 6 min, thus increasing the production speed, demonstrating that automation of the E-yarn production process is feasible. Prototype garments have been created using E- yarns. Further developments can include automated transfer of the yarn components from one stage of production to the next, enabling greater increases in speed of manufacture of E yarns.
Absorption and fluorescence behavior of redispersible cadmium sulfide colloids in various organic solvents (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsorption and fluorescence behavior of redispersible cadmium sulfide colloids in various organic solventsU. Resch, A. Eychmueller, M. Haase, and H. WellerCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 9, 2215–2218Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00045a024https://doi.org/10.1021/la00045a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Challenges in Soft Tissue Engineering (2005)

Soft tissue engineering strategies targeting restoration of volume loss have inherent critical challenges as they relate to the problem of restoration of defects with a high volume to surface ratio. We outline the problems associated with the limitations of translational applications regarding soft tissue engineering strategies as follows: cell survival, mechanical challenges: macroenvironment (scaffold collapse and on-the-shelf availability), compositional considerations: microenvironment, inducing malignant behavior, cell migration, and cell exhaustion. These are discussed with our alternative suggestions for solutions.
If Soldiers had the Opportunity, They Would Run Away (1998)

I loved the parachute. So I attended the courses of the Turkish Air Association in high school. Of course, I saw it as a kind of sport. After an unsuccessful attempt at the university entrance exam, I applied to the military office to do my military service. I did not know that my parachute certificate had been sent to the military. Because of that certificate, I was sent to the Kayseri Air Deployment Unit where I was trained as a commando. There were two options: parachute or climbing. I chose climbing. They did not give us even a minute of rest in Kayseri. There was heavy beating as well. When the three-month training period was over, they told us that we would be going to the conflict areas.KeywordsMilitary ServiceSpecial TeamMilitary OfficeConflict AreaSpring FestivalThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Face recognition performance with superresolution (2012)

With the prevalence of surveillance systems, face recognition is crucial to aiding the law enforcement community and homeland security in identifying suspects and suspicious individuals on watch lists. However, face recognition performance is severely affected by the low face resolution of individuals in typical surveillance footage, oftentimes due to the distance of individuals from the cameras as well as the small pixel count of low-cost surveillance systems. Superresolution image reconstruction has the potential to improve face recognition performance by using a sequence of low-resolution images of an individual's face in the same pose to reconstruct a more detailed high-resolution facial image. This work conducts an extensive performance evaluation of superresolution for a face recognition algorithm using a methodology and experimental setup consistent with real world settings at multiple subject-to-camera distances. Results show that superresolution image reconstruction improves face recognition performance considerably at the examined midrange and close range.
Stereoconservative Cyanation of [1,1'-Binaphthalene]-2,2'-dielectrophiles. An Alternative Approach to Homochiral C2-Symmetric [1,1'-Binaphthalene]-2,2'-dicarbonitrile and Its Transformations (2000)

The performed study on the cyanation of [1,1'-binaphthalene]-2,2'-diiodide and [1,1'-binaph- thalene]-2,2'-diyl ditriflate showed reactions with zinc cyanide catalyzed by palladium phosphane complex in DMF to be the most effective procedures with almost complete conservation of stereogenic information - affording corresponding highly enantiomerically enriched dinitrile (from diiodide: 94% yield, 92% ee). Dinitrile was successfully transformed into [1,1'-binaphthalene]-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid and -2,2'-dicarbaldehyde in high yields (84-87%).
Plain and Covered Stent-Grafts: In Vitro Evaluation of Characteristics at Three-dimensional MR Angiography (1999)

The luminal patency of selected plain and covered stents can be assessed with contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography.
RESEARCH ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RESIDENTIAL PHOTO - VOLTAIC SYSTEM IN JAPAN (2002)

In this paper, at first, the problem on the reduction of the greenhouse effect gas in Japan is described. The government is making the introduction goal of solar energy and wind energy in order to achieve the promise of the carbon dioxide reduction in 2010. Next we present the problems about results of survey on 333 grid connected residential photovoltaic (PV) generation systems in western part of Japan. The average equipment capacity is 3.4㎾p. This research yielded the following results. □ The electricity generated for a year was in average 938 ㎾h/㎾p/year. □ The generated electricity is equivalent to about 45% of the electricity consumption in a residence. □ The cause of variation in system performance was analyzed. □ The simple prediction method of PV system output was developed. (The prediction accuracy of simulated hourly electricity generation is r² = 0.87.)
Keystroke Dynamics Authentication: A Survey of Free-text Methods (2013)

Current computer systems depend greatly on authentication methods in order to provide sufficient protection to the data handled by these systems. Rather than using the common username and password scheme which suffers from many security and usability limitations, we investigate in this paper the use of keystroke dynamics as a more useable authentication alternative. We focus on the research done on free-text keystroke systems and its ability to provide continual identity verification during the whole time that the user is using the system.
Novel Management Architecture for Large-scale Server Cluster (2008)

As the size of the server cluster increases, management of clusters has been a daunting task. This paper proposed novel management architecture for large-scale server clusters, called cooperation-oriented hierarchical autonomic architecture (CHAA).CHAA emphasizes the autonomy of entities to implement intelligent management of server clusters. We detailed the architectures of CHAA and the intelligent agents. The resource tree based constraining mechanism has been presented to achieve conflict-free cooperation of multiple autonomous entities. Considering the uncertainty of agents’ commitments, we introduced Fuzzy Belief and Confidence Degree into cooperation method of multi-agent. The measurements on confidence degree (cd) showed that agents have higher probabilities of gaining the best method or the best agent to cooperate with by introducing cd as a metric of cooperation.
Suppression of development of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis by oral administration of thyroglobulin (1995)

Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT), which to some extent represents an experimental model of human chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production to thyroid antigens (Ag) and mononuclear infiltration of the thyroid gland. EAT induced by immunization with human thyroglobulin (hTG) with Freund's adjuvant in CBA/J (H-2K) mice is associated with prominent B and T cell responses. We report that oral administration of hTG effectively reduces the immune responses in EAT in mice in an Ag-specific manner. Both cellular and humoral immune responses are reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Histological evidence of disease is dramatically reduced. Suppression of the immune responses is seen 2 weeks after Ag challenge, with partial inhibition of proliferative and antibody responses. Six weeks after immunization, further inhibition is observed of both T and B cell responses. Hyporesponsiveness of T and B cell reactivity is seen only to hTG; T and B cell responses to other immunogens are not affected, including purified protein derivative and the nonrelated Ag BSA. This model may provide the basis for immunotherapy of autoimmune thyroid diseases in man.
Pre- and post-FFT SIMO array techniques in Hiperlan/2 environments (2003)

The performance of very high data rate wireless local area networks (WLAN) is degraded by several problems such as long delay spread in outdoor environments or interference that may arise both from other WLAN or from other systems sharing the same band. The current standards allow the use of multiple antennas at the receiver in a single input multiple output (SIMO) configuration. Traditionally, algorithms have been applied in the frequency domain, but this paper presents a comparison of three approaches to be applied also in the time domain. It is shown that a significant uncoiled bit error rate (BER) performance improvement can be achieved by working before the FFT at the receiver side, especially for channels with large delay spreads.
Therapeutic concepts in succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH; ALDH5a1) deficiency (γ‐hydroxybutyric aciduria). Hypotheses evolved from 25 years of patient evaluation, studies in<i>Aldh5a1</i><sup>−/−</sup>mice and characterization of γ‐hydroxybutyric acid pharmacology (2007)

We overview the pathophysiological bases, clinical approaches and potential therapeutic options for succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH; EC1.2.1.24) deficiency (gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria, OMIM 271980, 610045) in relation to studies on SSADH gene-deleted mice, outcome data developed from 25 years of patient evaluation, and characterization of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) pharmacology in different species. The clinical picture of this disorder encompasses a wide spectrum of neurological and psychiatric dysfunction, such as psychomotor retardation, delayed speech development, epileptic seizures and behavioural disturbances, emphasizing the multifactorial pathophysiology of SSADH deficiency. The murine SSADH-/- (e.g. Aldh5a1-/-) mouse model suffers from epileptic seizures and succumbs to early lethality. Aldh5a1-/- mice accumulate GHB and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system, exhibit alterations of amino acids such as glutamine (Gln), alanine (Ala) and arginine (Arg), and manifest disturbances in other systems including dopamine, neurosteroids and antioxidant status. Therapeutic concepts in patients with SSADH deficiency and preclinical therapeutic experiments are discussed in light of data collected from research in Aldh5a1-/- mice and animal studies of GHB pharmacology; these studies are the foundation for novel working approaches, including pharmacological and dietary trials, which are presented for future evaluation in this disease.