gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CAP: Color-aware task partitioning for multicore real-time applications (2014)

Modern multicore platforms feature multiple levels of cache memory placed between the processor and main memory to hide the latency of ordinary memory systems. The primary goal of this cache hierarchy is to improve average execution time (at the cost of predictability). The uncontrolled use of the cache hierarchy by real-time tasks may impact the estimation of their worst-case execution times (WCET). Software cache partitioning through page coloring has been considered a promising approach to isolate task workloads and thus improve WCET estimation. However, when real-time tasks share cache partitions due to false or true sharing, the inter-core delay caused by the cache coherence protocol may cause deadline losses. In this paper, we propose a Color-Aware task Partitioning (CAP) algorithm that assigns tasks to cores respecting their usage of cache partitions (i.e., colors). Tasks that share one or more colors are grouped together and the whole group is assigned to the same processor. Thus, it is possible to avoid inter-core interference. We compared the deadline miss ratio of several generated task sets partitioned by the CAP algorithm and by the worst-fit decreasing heuristic. We executed the partitioned task sets in a modern 8-core processor with shared L3-cache using a real-time operating system. Our results indicate that a color-aware task partitioning algorithm can avoid deadline misses in a multicore processor with shared cache.
The Synthesis of Certain Local Anesthetics of the Biphenyl Series (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Certain Local Anesthetics of the Biphenyl SeriesFrancis H. Case and Emil Koft Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 2, 508–510Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01847a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01847a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of high T/sub c/ SQUID magnetometer to biological immunoassays (2001)

A high T/sub c/ SQUID system is developed for the application to biological immunoassay. In this application, magnetic nanoparticles are used as magnetic markers to perform immunoassay, i.e., to detect binding reaction between an antigen and its antibody. Design and set up of the system is described. Minimum detectable amplitude of the magnetic flux is 0.6 m/spl Phi//sub 0/ for the measurement bandwidth from 0.2 Hz to 5 Hz when we use a magnetometer. The system noise does not increase when the magnetic field of 0.8 mT is applied in parallel to the SQUID. An experiment to measure the antigen-antibody reaction shows that the sensitivity of the present system is 10 times better than that of the conventional method using an optical marker. When a gradiometer is used, the system noise decreased by a factor of 5, compared to the case of the magnetometer. This improvement indicates the usefulness of the gradiometer to suppress the residual environmental noise in the present system. Magnetic markers that have remanent magnetic moment are also studied in order to increase the signal.
Reduction of multi-fragment fractures of the distal radius using atlas-based 2D/3D registration (2009)

We describe a method to guide the surgical fixation of distal radius fractures. The method registers the fracture fragments to a volumetric intensity-based statistical anatomical atlas of distal radius, reconstructed from human cadavers and patient data, using a few intra-operative X-ray fluoroscopy images of the fracture. No pre-operative Computed Tomography (CT) images are required, hence radiation exposure to patients is substantially reduced. Intra-operatively, each bone fragment is roughly segmented from the X-ray images by a surgeon, and a corresponding segmentation volume is created from the back-projections of the 2D segmentations. An optimization procedure positions each segmentation volume at the appropriate pose on the atlas, while simultaneously deforming the atlas such that the overlap of the 2D projection of the atlas with individual fragments in the segmented regions is maximized. Our simulation results shows that this method can accurately identify the pose of large fragments using only two X-ray views, but for small fragments, more than two X-rays may be needed. The method does not assume any prior knowledge about the shape of the bone and the number of fragments, thus it is also potentially suitable for the fixation of other types of multi-fragment fractures.
Biochemical reactions of ozone in plants (1998)

Plants react biochemically to ozone in three phases: with constitutive chemicals in the apoplastic fluid and cell membranes; by forming messenger molecules by the affected constitutive materials (ethylene); and by responding to the messenger molecules with pathogenic RNAs and proteins. For instance, plant reactions with ozone result in constitutive molecules such as the ozonolysis of ethylene in the gas spaces of the leaf, and the reaction with ascorbic acid in the apoplastic fluid. Formation of messenger molecules include the stimulation of ethylene production. Responses to the messenger molecules include the formation of the pathogen related proteins and their mRNAs. Reactions of ozone with biological molecules also frequently result in classical ozonolysis of double bonds, with the production of various aldehydes and peroxides, such as ethylene, isoprene, fatty acids, tryptophan, and some phenylpropenoic acids. Some reactions of ozone with biological molecules do not fit the classical ozonolysis mechanism, such as the oxidation of methionine and some phenylpropenoic acids.
Low complexity spread spectrum correlator (1997)

The implementation of a low complexity differential digital matched filter (DDMF) used as a spread spectrum correlator is considered. It is shown that the complexity of a DDMF is minimised by using only add/subtract operations with a single shift operation and has an identical performance to that of a conventional matched filter correlator. The architecture can be further simplified, if a slight degradation in performance is accepted, and the complexity can be reduced to 50% of that of a conventional spread spectrum correlator.
Short hairpin RNAs induced RNA interference in human cells. (2003)

shRNAs induced RNAi in human cells and suppressed gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. This approach may be used for gene function study.
Influence of annealing temperature on optical properties of InGaN quantum dot based light emitting diodes (2008)

Electron-luminescence (EL) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements have been carried out on the InGaN quantum dot (QD) based light emitting diodes (LEDs) annealed at different temperatures for p-type GaN activation. The annealing temperatures are chosen based on the growth temperature for our InGaN QDs as a reference point. A significant improvement with a factor of up to ∼3.5 in EL intensity has been achieved when the annealing temperature is increased from 720to800°C. However, the EL intensity dramatically decreases if the annealing temperature further increases to 830°C. In addition, a clear blueshift in EL emission energy has been observed as a result of increasing annealing temperature. In combination with our TEM study, the change in optical properties of the QD based LEDs due to the thermal annealing can be attributed to the shrinkage of the QDs and then eventual mergence into the wetting layer if the annealing temperature is further increased. The data based on detailed driving-current dependent EL measurements also support the conclusion.
A Scalable Dual-Polarized 256-Element Ku-Band SATCOM Phased-Array Transmitter with 36.5 dBW EIRP Per Polarization (2018)

This paper presents a Ku-band dual-polarized transmit phased-array with 256-elements spaced λ/2 apart at 14 GHz in the x and y directions. The design is based on 64 silicon quad-core transmit chips with 8 channels, and these chips are used to feed a 2x2 quad antennas with dual polarizations. The output PldB per channel is 12 dBm at 14 GHz. The silicon core-chips are flipped directly on a 12-layer low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) with stacked patch antennas and Wilkinson dividers. The 256-element phased-array results in a measured EIRP of 64.5 dBm and 66.5 dBm at PldB and Psat, respectively, at normal incidence, per polarization. Measured patterns show a scan region of ±60 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> in E-and H-planes with low sidelobes and near-ideal patterns. The design achieves a cross polarization level up to ±45 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> and at ±60 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> scan angle, in both planes. The array is scalable to allow the construction of large-scale phased-arrays (1024 elements or more). To our knowledge, this represents state-of-the-art in Ku-band transmit phased-arrays in terms of integration level making it suitable for a low-cost mobile Ku-band SATCOM terminal.
Properties of Semipolar GaN Grown on a Si(100) Substrate (2019)

Semipolar GaN layers synthesized on a nanostructured Si(100) substrate are studied. It is shown that using a Si(100) nanoprofile combined with SixNy nanostrips on top of nanostructures can yield, via metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition, GaN(10 $$\bar {1}$$ 2) layers. An additional SiC buffer layer makes it possible to obtain GaN(10 $$\bar {1}$$ 1) layers with a full-width at half-maximum of the diffraction-curve of ωθ ≈ 35′ arcmin. It is found that the luminescence properties of the semipolar layers are mostly due to basal plane stacking faults BSFS-I1, in contrast to polar layers in which these properties are mostly due to the recombination of excitons.
Coated vesicles: a diversity of form and function (1995)

In every well-characterized example, the small transport vesicles that mediate membrane trafficking between intracellular organelles are encased in a protein coat. In general, the coat proteins assemble from cytosolic pools onto the membrane and play a critical role in vesicle formation. Recent reviews have emphasized the clear similarities in the mechanisms that drive vesicle budding at distinct cellular locations. Here we focus on the diversity of solutions to an apparently related biological task. These mechanistic differences are likely to be physiologically important determinants of the diversity in form, and function of coated transport vesicles.
RU-486: Whose Property? (1989)

RU-486: Whose Property? As politics of abortion in this country become increasingly confrontational and even violent, some interested parties are looking to a technological solution to debate over legality of abortion. Both condemnation and hope have attended recent approval by French government of RU-486, a pill that if taken within first five weeks of pregnancy, blocks action of progesterone and causes uterine lining to slough off, expelling embryo. potential implications of RU-486 for law on abortion seem clear to many. As columnist William Safire has observed, with value-laden imagery, The development of an abortion pill will remove law and its enforcement from debate...In early pregnancy, abortion option will become as easily available as a handgun. (New York Times, 29 September 1988, A27). And Ellen Goodman sees potential mass marketing of RU-486 as the last major battle over reproductive rights...RU-486 and its look-alike drugs make abortion as private as a prescription pad, as personal as swallowing a pill. Indeed, Goodman suggests availability of abortion pill may succeed in doing what picketing and violent protests have not: close down abortion clinics. This, of course, is hardly sort of solution envisioned by critics of abortion choice, and one response has come in form of a threatened boycott by National Right to Life Committee of products made by any U.S. firm that announces plans to market RU-486. Indeed, pressure from pro-life groups in France and abroad met with some initial success: drug's manufacturer, Groupe Roussel Uclaf referred to a polemic incited by such advocacy groups as decisive consideration in its decision in late October to suspend distribution of RU-486. This decision was immediately overruled by French government, which mandated a resumption of production on grounds that governmental approval for marketing meant that RU 486 became moral property of women. Noting that Roussel has contracted with WHO to distribute pill at low cost in developing countries, Richard Glasow, education director of NRLC, indicates some discussion has been given to an international boycott directed by pro-life groups. However, boycott may ultimately be unnecessary: Glasow maintains that short and long-term health effects of RU-486 on unborn babies, children and women are analogous to those of thalidomide and DES and expects that further research will establish that the pill is so dangerous to women that it will be eventually taken off market. …
Genes associated with Alzheimer&#39;s disease: an overview and current status (2016)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia in elderly people. It is an emerging public health problem that poses a huge societal burden. Linkage analysis was the first milestone in unraveling the mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 that cause early-onset AD, followed by the discovery of apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele as the only one genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. Genome-wide association studies have revolutionized genetic research and have identified over 20 genetic loci associated with late-onset AD. Recently, next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled the identification of rare disease variants, including unmasking small mutations with intermediate risk of AD in PLD3, TREM2, UNC5C, AKAP9, and ADAM10. This review provides an overview of the genetic basis of AD and the relationship between these risk genes and the neuropathologic features of AD. An understanding of genetic mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis and the potentially implicated pathways will lead to the development of novel treatment for this devastating disease.
Carboxyhydrazides of the aglycone of teicoplanin Synthesis and antibacterial activity. (1990)

The condensation of the terminal carboxyl group of the deglucoteicoplanin (TD) with various substituted hydrazines produced hydrazide derivatives having different physico-chemical properties. This chemical modification of the carboxyl function does not affect the ability of teicoplanin antibiotics to interfere in bacterial cell-wall synthesis. The antibacterial activity of deglucoteicoplanin hydrazides (V) were found to depend mostly on their ionic character. All the hydrazides were slightly more active than TD on Escherichia coli. Those possessing an additional basic group were more in vitro active than TD against Gram-negative microorganisms. In Experimental Streptococcus pyogenes septicemia in the mouse, basic hydrazides were more active than other derivatives when administered subcutaneously although they are as potent as TD.
Redfield revisited: variability of C:N:P in marine microalgae and its biochemical basis (2002)

A compilation of data on the elemental composition of marine phytoplankton from published studies was used to determine the range of C:N:P. The N:P ratio of algae and cyanobacteria is very plastic in nutrient-limited cells, ranging from <5 mol N:mol P when phosphate is available greatly in excess of nitrate or ammonium to <100 mol N:mol P when inorganic N is present greatly in excess of P. Under optimal nutrient-replete growth conditions, the cellular N:P ratio is somewhat more constrained, ranging from 5 to 19 mol N:mol P, with most observations below the Redfield ratio of 16. Limited data indicate that the critical N:P that marks the transition between N- and P-limitation of phytoplankton growth lies in the range 20–50 mol N:mol P, considerably in excess of the Redfield ratio. Biochemical composition can be used to constrain the critical N:P. Although the biochemical data do not preclude the critical N:P from being as high as 50, the typical biochemical composition of nutrient-replete algae and cyanobacteria suggests that the critical N:P is more likely to lie in the range between 15 and 30. Despite the observation that the overall average N:P composition of marine particulate matter closely approximates the Redfield ratio of 16, there are significant local variations with a range from 5 to 34. Consistent with the culture studies, lowest values of N:P are associated with nitrate- and phosphate-replete conditions. The highest values of N:P are observed in oligotrophic waters and are within the range of critical N:P observed in cultures, but are not so high as to necessarily invoke P-limitation. The C:N ratio is also plastic. The average C:N ratios of nutrientreplete phytoplankton cultures, oceanic particulate matter and inorganic N and C draw-down are slightly greater than the Redfield ratio of 6.6. Neither the analysis of laboratory C:N:P data nor a more theoretical approach based on the relative abundance of the major biochemical molecules in the phytoplankton can support the contention that the Redfield N:P reflects a physiological or biochemical constraint on the elemental composition of primary production.
[Properties of phospholipase D from Raphanus sativus]. (1981)

The main properties of phospholipase D from radish roots were studied. The effects of various activators including Ca2+ on the catalytic activity of the enzyme were determined. The necessity for Ca2+ is in a large degree dependent on the type of the prime, as well as on the substrate type. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and diethyl ester can induce lecithine cleavage in the presence of Ca2+, while solid adsorbents, e.g. silicagel, can stimulate the reaction in the absence of Ca2+. The curve of the enzyme hydrolytic activity dependence on pH has two maxima, which depend on the type of the prime. Phospholipase D from radish roots, unlike the enzyme from other plants (cotton, peanut, cabbage, etc.) displays a more pronounced specificity for lecithine as substrate and is weakly active in the reaction with cephaline. Cephaline undergoes splitting by phospholipase D in the absence of Ca2+ as well, despite the fact that Ca2+ are necessary for lecithine hydrolysis. An addition of Ca2+ increases the enzymic affinity for the substrate in all cases studied. Some data on the transalkylating function of the enzyme are given.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (2016)

The massive tissue factor stimulus results in excess intravascular thrombin, which overcomes the anticoagulant systems and leads to thrombosis. Because of consumption of coagulation factors and platelets, DIC also has a hemorrhagic phase. Treatment of the bleeding patient with DIC is supportive with the use of blood components.
Assessment of Long-Term Outcomes of Community-Acquired Hepatitis C Infection in a Cohort With Sera Stored From 1971 to 1975 (2000)

The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on a cohort of patients admitted with acute viral hepatitis from 1971 through 1975. The availability of stored sera from this time enabled testing to identify those who were anti-HCV-positive on admission. Sixteen percent (n = 238) of the cohort tested anti-HCV-positive. The unexposed group was selected from those who were anti-HCV-negative. Systematic approaches were used to locate the cohort and health outcomes assessed by a study-specific questionnaire and clinical, serological, virological, and biochemical assessment. Complete follow-up was achieved on 98 anti-HCV-positive individuals and 201 negatives. Injecting drug use (IDU) was the presumed route of infection. At a mean of 25 years' follow-up, 54% of the anti-HCV-positive group had evidence of chronic HCV infection (both anti-HCV- and HCV-RNA-positive); the remainder were HCV-RNA-negative. Sixty-nine percent of those chronically infected had elevated serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, but only 8% had progressed to overt cirrhosis, and no cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were identified. In summary, anti-HCV-positive subjects were 8 times more likely to have died from suicide or drug overdose than from HCV-related disease. Anti-HCV-positive study subjects were at increased risk of liver-related pathology after 25 years' follow-up, but few had progressed to overt cirrhotic liver disease. Excess mortality in this group was not the result of liver disease. This suggests that the natural history of community-acquired HCV may be more benign than previously thought.
Age‐Dependent Changes in Long‐Term Seizure Susceptibility and Behavior After Hypoxia in Rats (1992)

We showed that hypoxia is acutely epileptogenic in immature but not in adult rats. In the present study, we evaluated whether hypoxia results in an increase in long-term seizure susceptibility to flurothyl and whether this is associated with impaired performance on behavioral tests. We also determined whether these long-term outcomes are dependent on age at time of O2 deprivation. Long Evans hooded rats were rendered hypoxic on either postnatal day (P)5, P10, or P60. Sixty to 75 days after hypoxia, rats were tested for performance in water maze, open field, and handling tests and for seizure susceptibility to flurothyl. Hypoxia at P10 significantly increased seizure susceptibility to flurothyl, whereas hypoxia at P5 and P60 induced no long-term changes in seizure threshold. At P10, greater seizure severity during hypoxia and more prolonged exposure to hypoxia significantly increased long-term seizure susceptibility. This long-term change in seizure susceptibility appeared to be dissociated from any long-term neurobehavioral consequences, because only animals rendered hypoxic as adults (P60) had impaired behavioral performance. The results suggest that hypoxia-induced seizures can alter long-term seizure susceptibility and that this long-term effect is dependent on age and on severity of seizure activity at the time of previous hypoxia.
Three-Gene Prognostic Classifier for Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2007)

We have identified a new three-gene classifier that is independent of and improves on stage to stratify early-stage NSCLC patients with significantly different prognoses. This classifier may be tested further for its potential value to improve the selection of resected NSCLC patients in adjuvant therapy.
Comparison of One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Measurements of Childhood Brain Tumors (2001)

Detection of partial responses was not influenced by the measurement method, but estimating time to disease progression may be method dependent for childhood brain tumors.