gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal lesions in grasscarp<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>(Valenciennes) infected with<i>Balantidium ctenopharyngodonis</i>Chen. (1978)

Abstract. The protozoan Balantidium ctenopharyngodonis is a: common intestinal commensal of two‐summer and older grasscarp, hut it may occasionally become pathogenic under the influence of certain predisposing factors. Outbreaks of enteritis complicated by excess multiplication of balantidia occurred among the two‐summer and three‐summer grasscarp stock in two pond farms during the autumn and winter. Fishes in the terminal stage of disease showed hyperaemia and inflammation of the mucosa over the entire gut. In the posterior 10–12 cm of the gut a dense creamy exudate coated the mucosa. Large numbers of balantidia were found in the exudate and between the mucosal folds there were excoriations, the size of a pin‐head, obviously caused by the parasites. Histological examination revealed a loss of superficial epithelium and ulcerations in the grooves between folds.
Time-optimal control of two-degree of freedom robot arms (2003)

A dynamics model for a robot arm using state variables based on the Hamiltonian canonical equations is derived. From this model it is shown that the structure of the minimum-time control (MTC) law requires that at least one of the actuators is always saturated. A control algorithm for the MTC of a robot arm is presented. The algorithm converts the original problem, possibly a partially singular one, into a totally nonsingular optimal control problem by introducing a perturbed energy term in the performance index. It is shown that the solution to the perturbed problem converges to that of the MTC problem in the sense of the performance index as the perturbation parameter approaches zero. A simulation of a two-degree-of-freedom arm is performed to verify the mathematical structure of the MTC law.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Noncoherent Reception of Multi-Level ASK in Rayleigh Fading with Receive Diversity (2014)

We consider a communication system with receive diversity in flat Rayleigh fading employing multi-level amplitude-shift keying (ASK) and noncoherent reception. Using the statistics of the decision variable of the quadratic receiver, a closed form expression for the symbol error probability (SEP) is derived. A formulation to determine the optimal signal amplitude levels of ASK constellation that minimize the SEP subject to a total signal energy constraint is presented. By approximating the derivative of the objective function, an approximate semi-analytical solution is obtained. We also present an asymptotic SEP expression that shows the variation of the SEP at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the diversity order of the system. An important result is that the optimum signal amplitude levels at high SNRs follow an approximately geometric progression in contrast to the more typical case of signal amplitude levels in arithmetic progression. Numerical results show the superiority of error performance of ASK with optimal signal amplitude levels as compared to that of ASK with signal amplitude levels in arithmetic progression.
Structural Insights into Nox4 and Nox2: Motifs Involved in Function and Cellular Localization (2009)

Regulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is primarily accomplished by NADPH oxidases (Nox). Nox1 to Nox4 form a membrane-associated heterodimer with p22(phox), creating the docking site for assembly of the activated oxidase. Signaling specificity is achieved by interaction with a complex network of cytosolic components. Nox4, an oxidase linked to cardiovascular disease, carcinogenesis, and pulmonary fibrosis, deviates from this model by displaying constitutive H(2)O(2) production without requiring known regulators. Extensive Nox4/Nox2 chimera screening was initiated to pinpoint structural motifs essential for ROS generation and Nox subcellular localization. In summary, a matching B loop was crucial for catalytic activity of both Nox enzymes. Substitution of the carboxyl terminus was sufficient for converting Nox4 into a phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-inducible phenotype, while Nox2-based chimeras never gained constitutive activity. Changing the Nox2 but not the Nox4 amino terminus abolished ROS generation. The unique heterodimerization of a functional Nox4/p22(phox) Y121H complex was dependent on the D loop. Nox4, Nox2, and functional Nox chimeras translocated to the plasma membrane. Cell surface localization of Nox4 or PMA-inducible Nox4 did not correlate with O(2)(-) generation. In contrast, Nox4 released H(2)O(2) and promoted cell migration. Our work provides insights into Nox structure, regulation, and ROS output that will aid inhibitor design.
A role of HAUSP in tumor suppression in a human colon carcinoma xenograft model (2008)

The protease HAUSP is a critical component of the p53-Mdm2 pathway and acts as a specific deubiquitinase for both p53 and Mdm2 and thus is important for p53 regulation. In knock-down and knock-out cellular systems it was observed that ablation of HAUSP induces profound stabilization of p53 due to enhanced degradation of Mdm2. Thus, inhibiting HAUSP by small compound interference has been proposed as a rational therapeutic strategy to activate p53 in p53 wild type tumors. However, HAUSP-mediated effects in the p53-Mdm2 axis are highly complex and non-linear and to date the role of HAUSP in tumor suppression in vivo remains unexplored. Here we investigate the effect of HAUSP up and downregulation on cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumor growth in vitro and in a xenograft model in vivo, using an inducible isogenic human colon carcinoma cell system. Importantly, in the absence of stress, both HAUSP up and downregulation inhibit cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo due to constitutively elevated p53 levels. Moreover, tumors with HAUSP up and downregulation respond to radiotherapy with further growth inhibition. However, HAUSP downregulation causes resistance to Camptothecin- and irradiation-induced apoptosis, which correlates with suppressed mitochondrial translocation of p53. Our data suggest that changes in HAUSP modulate tumor growth and apoptotic sensitivity in vivo.
Rousseau’s Whale Hunt? (2002)

In spite of its common use as a tool for examining cooperation, the prisoner’s dilemma game does not conform to the reality of many socio‐ecological contexts. Situations in which people engage in joint activities and maintain agreement in their preferences for outcomes are called “coordination games” by game theorists and “mutualism” by biologists. Coordination games are common, but cooperative outcomes are not always as easy to achieve as is generally believed. Data are presented from the village of Lamalera, Indonesia, where the economy revolves around traditional subsistence sperm‐whale hunting, that indicate a situation consistent with a coordination game. Return rates from cooperative whale hunting are greater per capita than those from solitary fishing. Coordination is maintained through complex norms that reduce transaction costs and provide assurances of satisfactory payoffs to participants. We speculate that cultural transmission of norms provides the “pregame” communication shown to be crucial for actors whose preference is to cooperate and achieve the synergistic payoffs common to coordination games such as big‐game hunting.
The Behavior of a Near-Azeotropic Refrigerant Mixture of R-321R-125 in an Enhanced Tube (1996)

Condensation of a near-azeotropic mixture of 45% R-32 and 55% R-125 has been studied\nin a microfinned tube. The local behavior of heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop was\nfound to be a function of both quality and mass flux. The overall enhancement for a microfinned\ntube was determined to be a result of increased heat transfer combined with an increase in surface\narea due to the addition of the fins. Another important t result of this study was that the flow\nregime was found to be an important factor in characterizing the enhancement of the microfinned\ntube. The effect of the fins on the pressure drop was not readily apparent, but needs further testing\nin order to be determined.
The genome landscape of ERα- and ERβ-binding DNA regions (2008)

In this article, we have applied the ChIP-on-chip approach to pursue a large scale identification of ERalpha- and ERbeta-binding DNA regions in intact chromatin. We show that there is a high degree of overlap between the regions identified as bound by ERalpha and ERbeta, respectively, but there are also regions that are bound by ERalpha only in the presence of ERbeta, as well as regions that are selectively bound by either receptor. Analysis of bound regions shows that regions bound by ERalpha have distinct properties in terms of genome landscape, sequence features, and conservation compared with regions that are bound by ERbeta. ERbeta-bound regions are, as a group, located more closely to transcription start sites. ERalpha- and ERbeta-bound regions differ in sequence properties, with ERalpha-bound regions having an overrepresentation of TA-rich motifs including forkhead binding sites and ERbeta-bound regions having a predominance of classical estrogen response elements (EREs) and GC-rich motifs. Differences in the properties of ER bound regions might explain some of the differences in gene expression programs and physiological effects shown by the respective estrogen receptors.
STUDIES IN THE DIPHENYL ETHER SERIES. II. PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE OF SOME SULFONIC ACIDS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTUDIES IN THE DIPHENYL ETHER SERIES. II. PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE OF SOME SULFONIC ACIDS AND RELATED DERIVATIVESC. M. SuterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 3, 1112–1116Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01354a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01354a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views431Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
How much does relapse after one year erode effectiveness of smoking cessation treatments? Long term follow up of randomised trial of nicotine nasal spray (1998)

inhibitor-1 and increasing severity of disease according to Dukes's stage, which is an established predictor of poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.
TIME DEPENDENT SIMULATION METHODS FOR VEHICLE THERMAL MANAGEMENT (2024)

<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>Increasing power requirements along with weight and space constrains requires implementation of more intelligent thermal management systems. The design and development of such systems can only be possible with a thorough understanding of component and system level thermal loads. The present work implements 1-D and 3-D unsteady CFD based simulation tools in vehicle design process. Both under-the-hood cooling and HVAC systems are simulated in various operating conditions on a HPC Computer Cluster. System variables are optimized with gradient based BCSLIB and SciPy optimization libraries. The simulation results are compared and validated with experimental tests.</p>
METRIC: Tracking Memory Bottlenecks via Binary Rewriting (2003)

(Under the direction of Assistant Professor Dr. Frank Mueller). Over recent decades, computing speeds have grown much faster than memory ac-cess speeds. This differential rate of improvement between processor speeds and memory speeds has led to an ever-increasing processor-memory gap. Overall computing speeds for for most applications are now dominated by the cost of their memory references. Further-more, memory access costs will grow increasingly dominant as the processor-memory gap widens. In this scenario, characterizing and quantifying application program memory usage to isolate, identify and eliminate memory access bottlenecks will have significant impact on overall application computing performance. This thesis presents METRIC, an environment for determining memory access inef-ficiencies by examining access traces. This thesis makes three primary contributions. First, we present methods to extract partial access traces from running applications by observing their memory behavior via dynamic binary rewriting. Second, we present a methodology to represent partial access traces in constant space for regular references through a novel tech-nique for online compression of reference streams. Third, we employ offline cache simulation to derive indications about memory performance bottlenecks from partial access traces. By examining summarized and by-reference metrics as well as cache evictor information, we can pinpoint the sources of performance problems. We perform validation experiments of the framework with respect to accuracy, compression and execution overheads for several benchmarks. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to derive opportunities for optimizations and assess their benefits in several case studies, resulting in up to 40 % lower miss ratios.
Conclusions and Implications (1982)

In a discussion of the existing work on research methods in sociology, Bulmer (1977: 4–5) has distinguished three separable themes: first, general methodology, which “denotes the systematic and logical study of the general principles guiding sociological investigation…[and]… has clear and direct links to the philosophy of science”; second, research strategy, which refers to the way in which particular empirical studies are designed and carried out and “what notions about the task of sociological research are embodied in the approach used”; and third, research techniques, which refer to “specific manipulative and fact-finding operations”, for example questionnaire construction, participant-observation techniques, and methods of statistical analysis. Naturally, a textbook which attempts to be comprehensive must deal with each of these themes. In practice, however, it is extremely difficult to provide a fully integrated treatment, and even amongst the better textbooks there is a tendency to treat the three themes separately (for example, Selltiz et al., 1976; Smith, 1975). Of course, many good textbooks deal only with one research strategy or technique (for example, Schatzman and Strauss, 1973; Moser and Kalton, 1971).
Optimizing C4 bump placements for a peripheral I/O design (2003)

In this paper we are going to describe how to place N number of I/O bumps using C4 technology along the edge of the die for optimum die size and bump placement. At Intel most of the I/O bumps for C4 interconnect are placed along the edge of the die. For typical products at Intel there are about 350 I/O bumps that one needs to place along the edge of the die. These I/O bumps have to be placed under the following constraints: 1. minimize impact to the die size. This requires understanding the I/O cell area on the silicon and the best aspect ratio of the I/O cell consistent with the C4 package design rules. 2. Minimize the number of the package routing layers.
C-Type Lectins and Sialyl Lewis X Oligosaccharides (1999)

Carbohydrates are major components of the outer surface of mammalian cells and these carbohydrates are very often characteristic of cell-types and developmental stages One of such cell type-specific carbohydrates is sialyl Lewis X,
Prosthetic Articulations in Stapes Surgery (1961)

In the revived era of stapes mobilization, the first group of approaches following Rosen's<sup>1-3</sup>leadership involved indirect force applications transmitted to the ankylosed area to liberate the fixed stapes from its pathologic attachments and remobilize it. Thus, force was applied either to the incus, to the incudostapedial articulation, to the neck, or to the crura, utilizing various shaped picks and blunt instruments. In these early attempts, many successful results were obtained. This indirect type of operation is still in use throughout the world, with a yield of approximately 30% successful mobilizations. In the other 70% of cases, the indirect approach usually resulted in either the disruption of the incudostapedial joint or crural fracture, so that the force application never quite reached the crucial ankylosed area and remobilization was not achieved. As experience in this approach accumulated, it became obvious that it was not desirable to sacrifice the ossicular chain
A prototype debugger for Hermes (1992)

Hemes programs consist of many processes interacting with each other through primitive operations defined as part of the language. Understanding the behaviour of a Hermes program, in order to debug it, requires understanding the interactions between processes. Other aspects of debugging are little different from debugging in a conventional, sequential-programming environment. A debugger prototype has been constructed that provides a display of interprocess interactions in Hermes. This paper describes the facilities of the debugger prototype and its interaction with a running Hermes program. The internal structure of the debugger and the additional facilities that would be required to extend it to a complete debugger are also briefly described.
Plk Is a Functional Homolog of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Cdc5, and Elevated Plk Activity Induces Multiple Septation Structures (1997)

Plk is a mammalian serine/threonine protein kinase whose activity peaks at the onset of M phase. It is closely related to other mammalian kinases, Snk, Fnk, and Prk, as well as to Xenopus laevis Plx1, Drosophila melanogaster polo, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Plo1, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc5. The M phase of the cell cycle is a highly coordinated process which insures the equipartition of genetic and cellular materials during cell division. To enable understanding of the function of Plk during M phase progression, various Plk mutants were generated and expressed in Sf9 cells and budding yeast. In vitro kinase assays with Plk immunoprecipitates prepared from Sf9 cells indicate that Glu206 and Thr210 play equally important roles for Plk activity and that replacement of Thr210 with a negatively charged residue elevates Plk specific activity. Ectopic expression of wild-type Plk (Plk WT) complements the cell division defect associated with the cdc5-1 mutation in S. cerevisiae. The degree of complementation correlates closely with the Plk activity measured in vitro, as it is enhanced by a mutationally activated Plk, T210D, but is not observed with the inactive forms K82M, D194N, and D194R. In a CDC5 wild-type background, expression of Plk WT or T210D, but not of inactive forms, induced a sharp accumulation of cells in G1. Consistent with elevated Plk activity, this phenomenon was enhanced by the C-terminally deleted forms WT deltaC and T210D deltaC. Expression of T210D also induced a class of cells with unusually elongated buds which developed multiple septal structures. This was not observed with the C-terminally deleted form T210D deltaC, however. It appears that the C terminus of Plk is not required for the observed cell cycle influence but may be important for polarized cell growth and septal structure formation.
Safening Influence of LAB 145 138 on Nicosulfuron, Terbufos and Bentazon Interactions in Sweet Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) (1996)

LAB 145 138 (LAB) was evaluated as a safener to improve sweet corn tolerance to nicosulfuron applied POST alone or with terbufos applied in the planting furrow or bentazon applied POST. To ensure enhanced injury for experimental purposes, nicosulfuron was applied at twice the registered rate alone or mixed with bentazon at the six- to seven-leaf growth stage of corn previously treated with the highest labeled rate of terbufos 15 G formulation. LAB applied as a seed treatment (ST) or POST at the two- to three-, four- to five-, or six- to seven-leaf growth stages reduced height reduction and yield loss from nicosulfuron applied POST in combination with terbufos applied in-furrow. LAB applied POST at the four- to five-leaf growth stage was most effective in preventing injury from this treatment, with yield reduced only 8% compared with 54% from the nicosulfuron and terbufos treatment. LAB applied POST at the eight- to nine-leaf growth stage did not alleviate injury. With the nicosulfuron, terbufos, and bentazon combination, LAB applied POST at the three- to four- or six- to seven-leaf growth stages decreased height reduction and yield loss caused by this combination, with LAB at the three- to four-leaf growth stage being most effective.
Prediction of the phenotypic effects of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms using structural and evolutionary information (2005)

The codes and curated dataset are available at http://compbio.utmem.edu/snp/dataset/
Server push with instant messaging (2009)

Server Push is an essential part of modern web applications. With the ability of sending relevant information to users in reaction to new events, enables highly interactive applications on the WWW. User interfaces of desktop applications have had a two-way communication with an underlying software since their advent, but web applications are reaching the same state only now. In addition, currently, the push is usually emulated using the pull technology, since, with the HTTP protocol alone, it is not possible to realize a real push. This paper evaluates how an instant messaging protocol, namely XMPP, can complement HTTP-based web applications. We present a communication paradigm of a push system and an implementation of it. To evaluate the implementation, a use case is designed and realized with the system.
Efficient Power Management for Infrastructure IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2010)

To achieve a long run-time for battery-operated portable electronic devices that incorporate wireless transceivers, efficient power management of the radio is a critical requirement. The power management function of IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) allows stations (STAs) to operate in the doze mode so that their power consumption is significantly reduced. Hence, efficient algorithms to manage when and how often a STA enters and exits doze mode are crucial to battery-operated STAs. We address this problem by developing a novel model for stochastic analysis of timer-based power management in infrastructure IEEE 802.11 WLANs. Based on this model, the probabilities that a STA is active, idle, or dozing are derived, and the power consumption of the STA, number of frames buffered, and average delay per frame are obtained. These results enable an efficient power management algorithm that optimizes the idle timer and doze duration at the STA and the frame buffer at the access point. Moreover, similar statistics for the basic power management method in the IEEE 802.11 standard are derived as a special case of the proposed timer-based power management scheme. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.