gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central Nervous Depressant Activity of Valerenic Acid in the Mouse (1985)

Valerenic acid, isolated from VALERIANA OFFICINALIS L. s.l. affected the rotarod and traction performance of mice in a similar manner to that of pentobarbital which was used together with chlorpromazine and diazcpam as reference substance in both tests. A decrease of locomotility of mice was also noticed after administration of valerenic acid, in particular when this compound was administered to the same group of mice a week later than the vehicle. In addition valerenic acid was found to prolong the pentobarbital induced sleeping time. It can be concluded, that valerenic acid has aspecific central nervous depressent properties. This factor should be taken into account when considering the sedative action of Valerian preparations.
Measurement of choriogonadotropin by chemiluminescence immunoassay and immunochemiluminometric assay: 1. Use of isoluminol derivatives. (1984)

We have developed immunoassays, monitored by the detection of chemiluminescence, for measuring choriogonadotropin in human urine. These methods involve the use of derivatives of isoluminol and include: (a) a labeled antigen with a second antibody covalently linked to polyacrylamide beads as the solid-phase reagent (i.e., solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay); and (b) an excess concentration of a specific antibody passively adsorbed onto the walls of polystyrene tubes and a labeled antibody of different specificity (i.e., two-site immunochemiluminometric assay). After the respective binding reactions, the solutions are aspirated, the antigen- or antibody-bound fractions are washed twice with 500 microL of buffer, sodium hydroxide (2 mol/L; 200 microL) is added, and the mixture is incubated for 60 min at 60 degrees C. After cooling, the label is oxidized with microperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide and the resulting chemiluminescence signal is measured for 10 s. We have evaluated the methods in terms of their sensitivity, precision, and clinical utility, and we compare results with values obtained by radioimmunoassay.
Regulation of VDR by ΔNp63α is associated with inhibition of cell invasion (2009)

The p63 transcription factor has a pivotal role in epithelial morphogenesis. Multiple transcripts of the TP63 gene are generated because of alternative promoter usage and splicing. DeltaNp63alpha is the predominant isoform of p63 observed during epithelial morphogenesis and in human cancers. Loss of DeltaNp63alpha expression has been shown to promote invasiveness in a subset of human cancer cell lines. Here, we studied whether the regulation of VDR by DeltaNp63alpha controls the invasiveness of an epidermoid cancer cell line. We demonstrate that VDR expression is induced by all p63 isoforms, including DeltaNp63alpha. Endogenous DeltaNp63alpha protein was observed to bind to the VDR promoter, and silencing of endogenous DeltaNp63alpha resulted in diminished VDR expression. Although silencing of p63 inhibits VDR expression leading to an increase in cell migration, overexpression of p63 or VDR results in reduced cell migration as a result of increased VDR expression. Therefore, it is conceivable that p63 inhibits cell invasion by regulating VDR expression. Finally, we observed that expression of p63 and VDR overlaps in the wild-type mouse skin, but a reduced or complete absence of VDR expression was observed in skin from p63-null mice and in p63-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrate a direct transcriptional regulation of VDR by DeltaNp63alpha. Our results highlight a crucial role for VDR in p63-mediated biological functions.
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 maintains the articular chondrocyte phenotype in long‐term culture (1996)

Bone morphogenetic proteins have been shown to increase matrix synthesis by articular chondrocytes in short-term cultures. Members of this family of proteins have also been shown to induce endochondral ossification in vivo. The present study was performed to determine if the addition of human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 to a long-term monolayer articular chondrocyte cell culture system affected the ability of the chondrocytes to divide in vitro, whether the cytokine altered expression of the articular chondrocyte phenotype and synthesis of matrix proteoglycans, and whether the cytokine was capable of inducing differentiation to a hypertrophic chondrocyte. Human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 did not alter cell proliferation. It caused 3.5-6.2 times more proteoglycan synthesis by articular chondrocytes during each of the time points tested after 4 days in culture. Total proteoglycan accumulation in the extracellular matrix after 28 days in culture was 6.7 times as great in the treated cultures as in the control. Treatment with human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 maintained the articular chondrocyte phenotype of cells in culture as demonstrated by Northern blot analysis: the expression of type-I collagen genes was increased and that of type-II collagen and aggrecan mRNA was lost in untreated chondrocyte cultures after 14-21 days in culture. In contrast, exposure to 100 ng/ml human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 maintained expression of type-II collagen and increased expression of aggrecan compared with controls during the 28-day culture period. Northern blot analysis of the expression of type-X collagen and osteocalcin by chondrocytes treated with human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 showed a lack of expression of these genes, indicating no alteration in phenotype. These experiments demonstrated the ability of human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 to promote the articular chondrocyte phenotype and matrix synthesis in long-term culture. Characteristics of cell growth were not affected, and the cytokine did not induce differentiation to a hypertrophic chondrocyte.
Testing the Psychometric Properties of a Chinese Version of the Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (2014)

This study tested the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the level of expressed emotion scale in Hong Kong Chinese patients with severe mental illness and their family caregivers. First, the semantic equivalence with the original English version and test-retest reliability at 2-week interval of the Chinese version was examined. After that, the reproducibility, construct validity, and internal consistency of the Chinese version were tested. The Chinese version indicated good semantic equivalence with the English version (kappa values = 0.76-0.95 and ICC = 0.81-0.92), test-retest reliability (r = 0.89-0.95, P < 0.01), and internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.86-0.92). Among 262 patients with severe mental illness and their caregivers, the 50-item Chinese version had substantial loadings on one of the four factors identified (intrusiveness/hostility, attitude towards patient, tolerance, and emotional involvement), accounting for 71.8% of the total variance of expressed emotion. In confirmatory factor analysis, the identified four-factor model showed the best fit based on all fit indices (χ (2)/df = 1.93, P = 0.75; AGFI = 0.96; TLI = 1.02; RMSEA = 0.031; WRMR = 0.78) to the collected data. The four-factor Chinese version also indicated a good concurrent validity with significant correlations with family functioning (r = -0.54) and family burden (r = 0.49) and a satisfactory reproducibility over six months (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90). The mean scores of the overall and subscale of the Chinese version in patients with unipolar disorder were higher than in other illness groups (schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, and bipolar disorder; P < 0.01). The Chinese version demonstrates sound psychometric properties to measure families' expressed emotion in Chinese patients with severe mental illness, which are found varied across countries.
Estimating the difficulty of a learning activity from the training cost for a machine learning algorithm (2018)

Estimating the difficulty of a learning activity is crucial for smart learning systems to provide learners with most suitable activities for their abilities. Generally, difficulty is estimated by teachers according to their experience and based on students' results. For newly designed activities, this estimation is often inaccurate or complicated to obtain. Moreover, machine learning methods seem impossible to use on absence of data. This work proposes an innovative way to use machine learning in this scenario. We start hypothesizing that the effort a student has to make to perform an activity is correlated with the effort that a machine learning algorithm would require. We define the concept of difficulty in a formal way, implement two Neuroevolution algorithms that solve a specific type of activity, and then calculate and compare efforts for students and implemented algorithms. Results show that the correlation exists for the selected activity. Therefore, the effort of the algorithm can be used to estimate the difficulty of this learning activity.
Induction of Cellular DNA Synthesis and Increased Mitotic Activity in Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells Abortively Infected with Human Cytomegalovirus (1976)

The effect of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) on cell DNA synthesis and mitotic activity in hamster embryo fibroblasts was examined. The results indicated that CMV infected cells had increased rates of cell DNA replication and mitotic activity. Detection of the effect of CMV on these two parameters necessitated arrest of cells prior to infection with low serum concentrations. This lowered the background levels of DNA synthesis and cell division so that the effect of virus infection could be detected. The data indicate that cells arrested prior to infection demonstrate increased susceptibility to virus infection. It was also observed that the effect of CMV on both DNA replication and mitotic activity could be enhanced by irradiation with ultraviolet light of the virus prior to infection.
Disease concomitance in psoriasis: a clinical study of 61 cases. (2007)

Sixty-one patients with psoriasis were studied for concomitant diseases and compared with 61 age and sex-matched controls. Concomitant cutaneous diseases most often seen with psoriasis were lichen simplex chronicus (16.3%), verruca vulgaris (9.8%) and me Iasina (4.9%). Of the systemic disorders, diabetes showed the highest frequency (13.1%) followed by hypertension (8.1%). Two patients had HIV infection (3.2%). Both the patients had severe and atypical lesions.
진동을 동반한 옆교각 운동이 요통 성인의 통증, 기능장애, 근력, 균형에 미치는 영향 (2016)

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effects of side-lying hip abduction exercise with and without vibration on pain, disability, strength and balance in individuals with low back pain. METHODS: 30 participants enrolled in this study were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG, n=15) for side-lying hip abduction with vibration and a control group (CG, n=15) for side-lying hip abduction without vibration. Both groups were treated 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Pain (Numeric Rating Scale), disability (Korean Oswestry Disability Index), hip abductor muscle strength, and static balance were measured in both groups before and after the program. Results were analyzed using paired t-test for comparing the difference within the group and independent t-test for comparing the difference between two groups. RESULTS: Compared to the CG, the EG showed significantly greater reductions in pain and disability (p<.05). There was a significant difference in all balance categories of both the painful and non-painful sides within the EG (p<.05). Balance showed a significant decrease except the envelope area (ENV) on the non-painful side within the CG (p<.05). There was a significant increase in all balance categories except ENV of non-painful side between the two groups (p<.05). Balance increased on both the painful and non-painful sides in the EG. Balance improved on the painful side in the CG, but significantly decreased on the non-painful side (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Side-lying hip abduction exercise with vibration is considered an effective treatment for pain, disability and balance in individuals with low back pain.
An Intrathecal Bolus of Cyclosporin a before Injury Preserves Mitochondrial Integrity and Attenuates Axonal Disruption in Traumatic Brain Injury (1999)

Traumatic brain injury evokes multiple axonal pathologies that contribute to the ultimate disconnection of injured axons. In severe traumatic brain injury, the axolemma is perturbed focally, presumably allowing for the influx of Ca2+ and initiation of Ca2+ -sensitive, proaxotomy processes. Mitochondria in foci of axolemmal failure may act as Ca2+ sinks that sequester Ca2+ to preserve low cytoplasmic calcium concentrations. This Ca2+ load within mitochondria, however, may cause colloid osmotic swelling and loss of function by a Ca2+ -induced opening of the permeability transition pore. Local failure of mitochondria, in turn, can decrease production of high-energy phosphates necessary to maintain membrane pumps and restore ionic balance in foci of axolemmal permeability change. The authors evaluated the ability of the permeability transition pore inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) to prevent mitochondrial swelling in injured axonal segments demonstrating altered axolemmal permeability after impact acceleration injury in rat. At the electron microscopic level, statistically fewer abnormal mitochondria were seen in traumatically injured axons from CsA-pretreated injured animals. Further, this mitochondrial protection translated into axonal protection in a second group of injured rats, whose brains were reacted with antibodies against amyloid precursor protein, a known marker of injured axons. Pretreatment with CsA significantly reduced the number of axons undergoing delayed axotomy, as evidenced by a decrease in the density of amyloid precursor protein-immunoreactive axons. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that CsA protects both mitochondria and the related axonal shaft, suggesting that this agent may be of therapeutic use in traumatic brain injury.
Tracking payment card data flow using virtual machine state introspection (2011)

Credit and debit card payment processing systems are key elements in financial transactions. Negligence in securing these systems makes them vulnerable to hacking attacks, which may lead to significant monetary losses for both merchants and the financial organizations. To reduce this risk, mandatory security compliance regulations, such as the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), were developed and adopted by the industry. A key pre-requisite of the PCI DSS compliance process is the ability to identify the components of the payment systems directly involved with the card data (i.e. process, transmit, or store). However, existing data flow tracking tools cannot fully automate the process of identifying system components that touch card data, because they either can not examine encrypted communications or they use an instrumentation-based approach and thus require a priori detailed knowledge of the payment card processing systems.
Reaction of picryl azide with N-methylindoles: the crystal structure of 1-methyl-2-picryliminoindoline (1970)

Picryl azide reacts with N-methylindoles to form 2-N-picryl derivatives of 2-aminoindole. These compounds exist in the amino-form (I) in solution, but the three-dimensional crystal structure determination for the 1-methyl-2-N-picryl derivative shows it to be in the iminoindoline form (II). The structure was determined from diffractometer data by direct methods and refined by least squares to R 0·053. The carbon–carbon bonds at C(3) are both of length 1·52 Å, and the positions of the two hydrogen atoms were clearly established from difference Fourier syntheses.
Sustainable production of acrolein: catalytic performance of hydrated tantalum oxides for gas-phase dehydration of glycerol (2013)

A series of tantalum oxide samples (Ta2O5-T) were prepared by varying the calcination temperature T in the range of 110–700 °C of a highly hydrated precursor (Ta2O5·2.1H2O), which was obtained from a hetero-phase reaction between tantalum pentachloride and aqueous ammonia. These Ta2O5-T samples were characterized by TG/DTA, XPS, nitrogen adsorption, XRD, and UV-Raman, and were employed to catalyze the gas-phase dehydration of glycerol (GL) to produce acrolein (AC) at around 315 °C. n-Butylamine titration using Hammett indicators, NH3- and CO2-TPD, and IR of adsorbed pyridine were measured to assess the surface acid–base properties of the catalysts. The Ta2O5-350 catalyst, which was in a hydrated amorphous state and showed no basicity but a maximum strong acidity at −8.2 < H0 ≤ −3.0 (H0 being the Hammett acidity function) prior to the reaction, was identified among all Ta2O5-T samples as the best performing catalyst in terms of AC selectivity and GL consumption rate. The AC selectivity increased with increasing the fractional strong acidity at −8.2 < H0 ≤ −3.0 but the catalytic GL consumption rate increased with increasing the number of strong acid sites on the catalyst prior to the reaction. The partly (Ta2O5-600) and fully (Ta2O5-700) crystallized samples showed almost no strong acidity but they exhibited some basicity in the CO2-TPD experiments; their much lower AC selectivity (<40 mol%) as compared with that on Ta2O5-350 (75 mol%) indicated that surface basicity was detrimental to the AC selectivity. The best performing Ta2O5-350 catalyst also showed after activation in the initial hours of the reaction a good catalytic stability in long term reactions, regardless of the reaction temperature (305–340 °C) and GHSVGL (80–400 h−1).
Spatial/Frontal QRS-T Angle Predicts All-Cause Mortality and Cardiac Mortality: A Meta-Analysis (2015)

Spatial QRS-T angle held promising prognostic value on all-cause death and cardiac death. Frontal QRS-T angle was also a promising predictor of all-cause death. Given the good predictive value of QRS-T angle, a combined stratification strategy in which QRS-T angle is of vital importance might be expected.
Expression Profiles of Arabidopsis thaliana in Mineral Deficiencies Reveal Novel Transporters Involved in Metal Homeostasis (2003)

Plants directly assimilate minerals from the environment and thus are key for acquisition of metals by all subsequent consumers. Limited bio-availability of copper, zinc and iron in soil decreases both the agronomic productivity and the nutrient quality of crops. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying metal homeostasis in plants is a prerequisite to optimizing plant yield and metal nutrient content. To absorb and maintain a balance of potentially toxic metal ions, plants utilize poorly understood mechanisms involving a large number of membrane transporters and metal binding proteins with overlapping substrate specificities and complex regulation. To better understand the function and the integrated regulation, we analyzed in Arabidopsis the expression patterns in roots and in leaves of 53 genes coding for known or potential metal transporters, in response to copper, zinc, and iron deficiencies in Arabidopsis. Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles revealed specific transcriptional regulation by metals of the genes contrasting with the known wide substrate specificities of the encoded transporters. Our analysis suggested novel transport roles for several gene products and we used functional complementation of yeast mutants to correlate specific regulation by metals with transport activity. We demonstrate that two ZIP genes, ZIP2 and ZIP4, are involved in copper transport. We also present evidence that AtOPT3, a member of the oligopeptide transporter gene family with significant similarities to the maize iron-phytosiderophore transporter YS1, is regulated by metals and heterologous expression AtOPT3 can rescue yeast mutants deficient in metal transport.
Chapter 8. Inverse Design of Alloys’ Chemistry for Specified Thermo-Mechanical Properties by using Multi-objective Optimization (2012)

Chapter 8. Inverse Design of Alloys’ Chemistry for Specified Thermo-Mechanical Properties by using Multi-objective Optimization was published in Computational Methods for Applied Inverse Problems on page 197.
Modular Design for a Single-Phase Manifold Mini/Microchannel Cold Plate (2015)

The present work is related to the design of a manifold mini/microchannel heat sink with high modularity and performance for electronics cooling, utilizing two well established (i.e., jet impingement and channel flow) cooling technologies. A manifold system with cylindrical connection tubes and tapered inserts is designed for uniform coolant distribution among different channels and easy manufacturing of the whole cooling device. The design of the insert provides freedom to manipulate the flow structure within each manifold section and balance the cooling performance and required pumping power for the cold plate. Due to the optimized tapered shape of the insert inlet branches, fluid flows more uniformly through the entire heat sink fin region leading to uniform heat sink base temperatures. Extending the design of the heat sink fin structure from the mini to microscale, and doubling of the number of insert inlet/outlet branches, results in an 80% increase in the cooling performance, from 30 kW/(m2 · K) to 54 kW/(m2 · K), with only a 0.94 kPa added pressure drop penalty. The present cold plate design also provides flexibility to assemble manifold sections in different configurations to reach different flow structures, and thus different cooling performance, without redesign. The details of the modular manifold and possible configurations of a cold plate comprising three manifold sections are shown herein. A conjugate flow and heat transfer three-dimensional (3D) numerical model is developed for each configuration of the cold plate to demonstrate the merits of each modular design. Parallel flow configurations are used to satisfy a uniform cooling requirement from each module, and it is shown that “U-shape” parallel flow “base” configuration cools the modules more uniformly than a “Z-shape” flow pattern due to intrinsic pressure distribution characteristics. A serial fluid flow configuration requires the minimum coolant flow rate with a gradually increasing device temperature along the flow direction. Two mixed (i.e., parallel + serial flow) configurations achieve either cooling performance similar to the U-shape configuration with slightly more than half of the coolant flow rate, or cooling of a specific module to a much lower temperature level. Generally speaking, the current cold plate design significantly extends its application to different situations with distinct cooling requirements.