gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UCST and LCST behavior in polymer blends (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUCST and LCST behavior in polymer blendsToshiaki Ougizawa, Takashi Inoue, and Hans W. KammerCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 10, 2089–2092Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00152a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00152a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1470Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
T-cell-based immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases (2013)

Dysregulated Th1/Th17 responses, frequently paralleled by a reduction or absence of Treg cells, are key features of autoimmune disease. Conventional therapeutic approaches for autoimmune disease treatment are largely based on nonspecific immunosuppression leading to substantial side effects. Recent developments in the area of CD4(+) T-cell differentiation, together with experimental and preclinical findings with blockers of the IL-17 pathway and the use of Treg cell-based therapy, indicate that this CD4(+) effector subset could represent effective targets to restore immune tolerance. Here, the authors summarize the recent progress in our understanding of the pathways and cues that drive CD4(+) T-cell differentiation into specialized effectors, focusing on Th17 and Treg cells. The authors also discuss novel immunotherapeutic strategies based on targeting these T-cell subsets for autoimmune disease treatment.
Object detection and motion planning for automated welding of tubular joints (2016)

Automatic welding of tubular TKY joints is an important and challenging task for the marine and offshore industry. In this paper, a framework for tubular joint detection and motion planning is proposed. The pose of the real tubular joint is detected using RGB-D sensors, which is used to obtain a real-to-virtual mapping for positioning the workpiece in a virtual environment. For motion planning, a Bi-directional Transition-based Rapidly exploring Random Tree (BiTRRT) algorithm is used to generate trajectories for reaching the desired goals. The complete framework is verified with experiments, and the results show that the robot welding torch is able to transit without collision to desired goals which are close to the tubular joint.
Audit of Electroconvulsive Treatment in two National Health Service Regions (1992)

The practice of ECT has been surveyed by visits to all 35 NHS hospitals and five private clinics where it is used in the North East Thames and East Anglian Regions, and observation of ECT administration in 29 NHS and two private clinics. Since 1981 there has been much improvement in the physical conditions in which ECT is given and in anaesthetic practice. Nursing is good or excellent in a majority. About half the clinics have the most effective Ectron constant-current series 5 apparatus; the rest have older models with which 'missed' fits and undertreatment are frequent. Stimulus-dosing is usually by habit rather than rational strategy, and routine instrument settings differ fourfold between clinics. Most hospitals have nominated consultants in charge of ECT, but few of these are closely involved and little has changed in the unsatisfactory training and supervision of those who give the treatment. The use of ECT has fallen by 55% in North East Thames Region since 1979, but has risen by 20% in the East Anglian Region. There are up to 12-fold differences in usage between districts.
Effects of Minocycline Plus Tissue Plasminogen Activator Combination Therapy After Focal Embolic Stroke in Type 1 Diabetic Rats (2013)

Combination therapy with minocycline plus tPA may be beneficial in ameliorating inflammation and reducing infarction, brain swelling, and hemorrhage after ischemic stroke with diabetes mellitus/hyperglycemia.
Modeling Dissolution of Sparingly Soluble Multisized Powders (1997)

The dissolution of powder drugs, besides being a topic of utmost importance, especially for the sparingly soluble ones, is far from being well-explained. The purpose of the present study is, on the one hand, to obtain experimental dissolution profiles and, on the other hand, to analyze and process the data for dissolution modeling. Three different size fractions of a widely used sparingly soluble drug--ibuprofen--were fully characterized with regard to its particle size distribution, specific surface area, density, solubility, and diffusion coefficient. The dissolution profiles were obtained making use of a technique that counts and sizes particles--the Coulter counter technique--which is capable of following the number and size of the particles in suspension throughout time. The knowledge of these parameters allowed a critical study of the assumptions associated with the models currently used to describe the dissolution process. It was concluded that most of the assumptions were not valid for the present experimental conditions. This motivated the proposal of a new methodology, which uses the experimentally determined characteristics of the drug and takes into account the polydisperse nature of the powder. By applying an adequate dissolution equation to each of the many size classes in which the primary particle size distribution was divided, it was possible to obtain a large agreement between the simulated and the experimental dissolution profile.
Inhibitory Effect of Dauricine on Inflammatory Process Following Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats (2007)

Our previous experimental studies showed that dauricine could protect the brain from ischemic damage, but the underlying mechanisms were unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of dauricine on the changes of the inflammation process induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). After I/R, the enzyme activity of MPO, the expression of ICAM-1 and the transcription of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNA were all significantly increased (p < 0.01). And after treatment with dauricine, they were all significantly reduced compared to the vehicle-treated I/R group (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). These results suggest that dauricin attenuates the inflammation process induced by I/R. The neuroprotective effect of dauricine may partly due to the inhibition acute inflammation induced by I/R.
Polysaccharide Multilayer Nanoencapsulation of Insulin-Producing β-Cells Grown as Pseudoislets for Potential Cellular Delivery of Insulin (2010)

This paper describes the use of a layer-by-layer nanocoating technique for the encapsulation of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cell spheroids (pseudoislets) within chitosan/alginate multilayers. We used pseudoislets self-organized from a population of the insulinoma cell line MIN6, derived from a transgenic mouse expressing the large T-antigen of SV40 in pancreatic beta-cells, as an experimental model for the study of cell nanoencapsulation. The maintenance of spheroid morphology and retention of cell viability and metabolic functionality was demonstrated postencapsulation. By depositing an additional protein-repelling phosphorylcholine-modified chondroitin-4-sulfate layer, the coatings were found to shield effectively access of large molecules of the immune systems to the antigen-presenting cell surfaces. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the encapsulated pseudoislets revealed that the coating did not damage the cell structure. In addition, nanoencapsulation permits the cells to respond to changes in extracellular glucose and other insulin secretagogues by releasing insulin with a profile similar to that of nonencapsulated cells. These results suggest that this nanofilm encapsulation technique has the characteristics required for the efficient transplantation of cellular engineered beta-cells as a cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes. This encapsulation method is general in scope and has implications for use in a variety of cellular therapeutics employing engineered tissues from cells generated in vitro from various sources, including those using genetic and cellular engineering techniques.
The Sac1 Domain of <i> <scp>SYNJ</scp> 1 </i> Identified Mutated in a Family with Early‐Onset Progressive <scp>P</scp> arkinsonism with Generalized Seizures (2013)

This study aimed to elucidate the genetic causes underlying early-onset Parkinsonism (EOP) in a consanguineous Iranian family. To attain this, homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing were performed. As a result, a homozygous mutation (c.773G>A; p.Arg258Gln) lying within the NH2 -terminal Sac1-like inositol phosphatase domain of polyphosphoinositide phosphatase synaptojanin 1 (SYNJ1), which has been implicated in the regulation of endocytic traffic at synapses, was identified as the disease-segregating mutation. This mutation impaired the phosphatase activity of SYNJ1 against its Sac1 domain substrates in vitro. We concluded that the SYNJ1 mutation identified here is responsible for the EOP phenotype seen in our patients probably due to deficiencies in its phosphatase activity and consequent impairment of its synaptic functions. Our finding not only opens new avenues of investigation in the synaptic dysfunction mechanisms associated with Parkinsonism, but also suggests phosphoinositide metabolism as a novel therapeutic target for Parkinsonism.
Learning with Slight Forgetting Optimizes Sensorimotor Transformation in Redundant Motor Systems (2012)

Recent theoretical studies have proposed that the redundant motor system in humans achieves well-organized stereotypical movements by minimizing motor effort cost and motor error. However, it is unclear how this optimization process is implemented in the brain, presumably because conventional schemes have assumed a priori that the brain somehow constructs the optimal motor command, and largely ignored the underlying trial-by-trial learning process. In contrast, recent studies focusing on the trial-by-trial modification of motor commands based on error information suggested that forgetting (i.e., memory decay), which is usually considered as an inconvenient factor in motor learning, plays an important role in minimizing the motor effort cost. Here, we examine whether trial-by-trial error-feedback learning with slight forgetting could minimize the motor effort and error in a highly redundant neural network for sensorimotor transformation and whether it could predict the stereotypical activation patterns observed in primary motor cortex (M1) neurons. First, using a simple linear neural network model, we theoretically demonstrated that: 1) this algorithm consistently leads the neural network to converge at a unique optimal state; 2) the biomechanical properties of the musculoskeletal system necessarily determine the distribution of the preferred directions (PD; the direction in which the neuron is maximally active) of M1 neurons; and 3) the bias of the PDs is steadily formed during the minimization of the motor effort. Furthermore, using a non-linear network model with realistic musculoskeletal data, we demonstrated numerically that this algorithm could consistently reproduce the PD distribution observed in various motor tasks, including two-dimensional isometric torque production, two-dimensional reaching, and even three-dimensional reaching tasks. These results may suggest that slight forgetting in the sensorimotor transformation network is responsible for solving the redundancy problem in motor control.
Finite difference methods of solution of the boundary-layer equations (1970)

multi component diffusion coefficient, ft/sec binary diffusion coefficient, ft/sec thermal diffusion coefficient, Ib sec/ft enthalpy, z^ h^Ci, ft/sec i enthalpy of species i, ft/sec thermal conductivity of mixture, lb/(sec° R) density-viscosity product, piJL/(pn)r multi component Lewis-Semenov number, Cpp binary Lewis-Semenov number Cpp^a/k thermal Lewis-Semenov number, cpDi/k molecular weight of the mixture, 1 / ( Z-j Ci/
Effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone molecular weights on morphology, oil/water separation, mechanical and thermal properties of polyetherimide/polyvinylpyrrolidone hollow fiber membranes (1999)

We prepared polyetherimide (PEI) hollow fiber membranes using polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP) with different molecular weights (PVP 10,000, PVP 40,000, and PVP 1,300,000) as additives for oil/water separation. Asymmetric hollow fiber membranes were fabricated by wet phase inversion technique from 25 wt % or 30 wt % solids of 20 : 5 : 75 or 20 : 10 : 70 (weight ratio) PEI/PVP/N-metyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solutions and a 95 : 5 NMP/water solution was used as bore fluid to eliminate resistance on the internal surface. Effects of PVP molecular weights on morphology, oil-surfactant-water separation characteristics, mechanical, and thermal properties of PEI/PVP hollow fiber membranes were investigated. It was found that an increase in PVP molecular weight and percentage in PEI/PVP dope solution resulted in the membrane morphology change from the finger-like structure to the spongy structure. Without sodium hypochlorite posttreatment, hollow fiber membranes with higher PVP molecular weights had a higher rejection but with a lower water flux. For oil-surfactant-water emulsion systems (1600 ppm surfactant of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 2500 ppm oil of n-decane), experimental results illustrated that the rejection rates for surfactant, total organic carbon, and oil were 76.1 ≈ 79.8%, 91.0 ≈ 93.0%, and more than 99%, respectively. Based on the glass transition temperature values, PVP existed in hollow fiber membranes and resulted in the hydrophilicity of membranes. In addition, using NaOCl as a posttreatment agent for membranes showed a significant improvement in membrane permeability for PVP with a molecular weight of 1300 K, whereas the elongation at break of the treated hollow fiber membranes decreased significantly. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2220–2233, 1999
Avermectin aglycons (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAvermectin aglyconsHelmut Mrozik, Philip Eskola, Byron H. Arison, George Albers-Schoenberg, and Michael H. FisherCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 3, 489–492Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00342a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00342a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views269Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
SOFT TREE: Fault Tree Technique as Applied to Software. Revision. (1983)

Microprocessors/computers now control many critical functions such as arming and functioning of fuzes. The Software Fault Tree (Soft Tree) begins like any Fault Tree, then continues through the software to the inputs and other electronics. The Soft Tree provides a means of analyzing the hardware/software interfaces and software, as well as, hardware and man/machines interfaces. The technique facilities the systematic search for safety critical decision points and nodal points in the software. The Soft Tree will also highlight areas where a single bit error can cause a hazardous condition. The Soft Tree is similiar to the Fault Tree in nature; therefore, engineers can use the technique now. Keywords: System supply; Weapon safety; Robotics.
Pharmacokinetics of Interferon α‐2b in Healthy Volunteers (1987)

In a three-way crossover design, 12 healthy male volunteers received 5 X 10(6) IU/m2 body surface area interferon alpha-2b(IFN alpha-2b) by intravenous (IV) infusion over 30 minutes, intramuscular (IM) injections, and subcutaneous (SC) injections. Blood and urine samples were collected at specified times, and analysis of IFN alpha-2b concentrations was performed by immunoradiometric assay. "Flulike" symptoms were the most frequently reported adverse experiences and were independent of the route of administration. After a 30-minute IV infusion, IFN alpha-2b disappeared rapidly from serum, with distribution and elimination phase half-lives of 0.1 hour and 1.7 hours, respectively. Interferon alpha-2b was absorbed slowly after IM and SC administration, with similar absorption half-lives of 5.8 and 5.5 hours, respectively. The observed maximal concentrations after IM and SC administration were 42.1 IU/mL at six hours and 45.8 IU/mL at eight hours, respectively. Interferon alpha-2b was eliminated with half-lives of 2.2 hours after IM administration and 2.9 hours after SC administration. The areas under the serum concentration-time curves for the SC and IM doses were higher than those obtained for the IV infusion. Measurable amounts of IFN alpha-2b were not found in urine regardless of the route of administration.
The surface energy of Si, GaAs, and GaP (1981)

The surface energy of various planes in Si, GaAs, and GaP was measured by the use of a modified spark discharge method, previously used successfully in metals. Surface energy values were determined for the following cleavage planes in these crystals: Si {111}∼1.14 J/m2, Si {110}∼1.9 J/m2, GaAs {110}∼0.86 J/m2, and GaP {110}∼1.9 J/m2. The Si surface energy value was compared with previous experimental measurements. The Si {110}, GaAs {110}, and GaP {110} values were compared only to theoretical estimations, since as far as it is known, the surface energy of these planes have never been measured experimentally. Berg-Barrett x-ray topography and chemical etch pit analysis verified that plastic relaxation did not occur under the test conditions used. The cleavage surface energies determined in this work were in good agreement with previous theoretical estimations. Experimental observations confirmed a lack of plastic energy dissipation and a stability of cleavage propagation which indicated that the measured surface energies were close to the intrinsic values.
Enhancing the quantification of tissue sodium content by MRI: time‐efficient sodium <i>B</i><sub>1</sub> mapping at clinical field strengths (2015)

Tissue sodium content (TSC) is a sensitive measure of pathological changes and can be detected non-invasively by MRI. For the absolute quantification of TSC, B1 inhomogeneities must be corrected, which is not well established beyond research applications. An in-depth analysis of B1 mapping methods which are suitable for application in TSC quantification is presented. On the basis of these results, a method for simultaneous B1 mapping and imaging is proposed in order to enhance accuracy and to reduce measurement time at clinical field strengths. The B1 mapping techniques used were phase-sensitive (PS), Bloch-Siegert shift (BSS), double-angle (DAM) and actual flip-angle imaging (AFI) methods. Experimental and theoretical comparisons demonstrated that the PS technique yields the most accurate field profiles and exhibits the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Simultaneous B1 mapping and imaging was performed for the PS method, employing both degrees of freedom of the MR signal: the B1 field is encoded into signal phase and the amplitude provides the concentration information. In comparison with the more established DAM, a 13% higher SNR was obtained and field effects could be corrected more accurately without the need for additional measurement time. The protocol developed was applied to measure TSC in the healthy human head at an isotropic resolution of 4 mm. TSC was determined to be 35 ± 1 mM in white matter and 134 ± 3 mM in vitreous humor. By employing the proposed simultaneous characterization of the B1 field and acquisition of the spin density-weighted sodium signal, the accuracy of the non-invasive measurement of TSC is enhanced and the measurement time is reduced. This should allow (23)Na MRI to be better incorporated into clinical studies and routine.
The Role of 2<i>n</i>Gametes and Endosperm Balance Number in the Origin and Evolution of Polyploids in the Tuber-Bearing Solanums (2003)

Polyploidization has played a major role in the origin and evolution of polyploid species. In this article we outline the unique characteristics of 2n gametes and implications of their participation in the evolution of polyploid Solanum species. The genetic consequences of 2n gametes indicate that sexual polyploidization results in greater variability, fitness, and heterozygosity than does somatic doubling. Further, the mechanisms of 2n gamete formation and the frequency of 2n gamete-forming genes in present polyploids and their ancestral species provide additional evidence of their involvement. Equally important is the endosperm, via the endosperm balance number (EBN) incompatibility system, in complementing the role of 2n gametes. In fact, the EBN system acts as a screen for either 1n or 2n gametes, depending on the EBN and chromosome numbers of parental species. EBN in combination with 2n gametes maintains the ploidy integrity of diploid ancestral species, while providing the flexibility for either unilateral or bilateral sexual polyploidization.
Markov Chain-Based Models for Missing and Faulty Data in MICA2 Sensor Motes (2006)

We have developed Markov chain-based techniques for infield modeling the missing and faulty data for the widely used MICA2 sensor motes. These models help designers of sensor nodes and sensor networks to gain insights into the behavior of any particular sensor platform. The models also enable users of sensor networks to collect high integrity data from the deployed networks in a more efficient and reliable way. The new approach for development and validation of faults and missing data has two phases. In the first phase, we conduct exploratory analysis of data traces collected from the deployed sensor networks. In the second phase, we use the density estimation-based procedure to derive semi Markov models that best capture the patterns and statistics of missing and faulty data in the analyzed sensor data streams. We have applied the fault detection and missing data modeling procedure on light, temperature and humidity sensors on MICA2 motes in sensor networks deployed in office space and natural habitats. The technical highlight of the research presented in this paper include: (i) exploratory data analysis and studying the properties of the sensor data streams; and (ii) adoption of a new class of semi Markov-chain models for capturing and predicting missing and faulty data in actual data trace streams