gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission to CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cells after Gene Transfer of Constitutively Expressed Interferon β to Dendritic Cells (2000)

CD34(+)-derived dendritic cells (DCs) can be infected by the T cell-tropic HIVLAI strain, but are poorly permissive for efficient virus production. However, HIVLAI-infected DCs are able to transmit a vigorous cytopathic infection to activated CD4(+) T cells. We show that DCs differentiated from CD34(+) cells can be efficiently transduced by a retroviral vector carrying the IFN-beta coding sequence. This results in resistance to infection by HIV as shown by a threefold reduction in the HIV DNA copy number per cell, and by inhibition of HIV transmission from DCs to CD4(+) T cells. Moreover, constitutive IFN-beta production by DCs increases the synthesis of IL-12 and IFN-gamma Th1-type cytokines and of the beta-chemokines MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES. This indicates that IFN-beta transduction of DCs blocks HIV infection and viral transmission to CD4(+) T cells, and could favor cellular immune responses in HIV-infected patients.
Question Answering in Natural Language Narratives Using Symbolic Probabilistic Reasoning. (2012)

We present a framework to represent and reason about narratives. We build a symbolic probabilistic representation of the temporal sequence of world states and events implied by a narrative using statistical approaches. We show that the combination of this representation together with domain knowledge and symbolic probabilistic reasoning algorithms enables understanding of a narrative and answering semantic questions whose responses are not contained in the narrative. In our experiments, we show the power of our framework (vs. traditional approaches) in answering semantic questions for two domains of RoboCup soccer commentaries and early reader children stories focused on spatial contexts.
DAKOTA, A Multilevel Parallel Object-Oriented Framework for Design Optimization, Parameter Estimation, Uncertainty Quantification, and Sensitivity Analysis Version 3.0 Reference Manual (2001)

The DAKOTA (Design Analysis Kit for Optimization and Terascale Applications) toolkit provides a flexible and extensible interface between simulation codes and iterative analysis methods. DAKOTA contains algorithms for optimization with gradient and nongradient-based methods; uncertainty quantification with sampling, analytic reliability, and stochastic finite element methods; parameter estimation with nonlinear least squares methods; and sensitivity analysis with design of experiments and parameter study methods. These capabilities may be used on their own or as components within advanced strategies such as surrogate-based optimization, mixed integer nonlinear programming, or optimization under uncertainty. By employing object-oriented design to implement abstractions of the key components required for iterative systems analyses, the DAKOTA toolkit provides a flexible and extensible problem-solving environment for design and performance analysis of computational models on high performance computers. This report serves as a reference manual for the commands specification for the DAKOTA software, providing input overviews, option descriptions, and example specifications.
Recent advances in the structural modification of ligustrazine: Cerebro- and cardiovascular activity of ligustrazine derivatives (2005)

Recent advances in the structural modification of ligustrazine and studies on the bioactivities of ligustrazine derivatives are reviewed in this article. Due to its rapid metabolism and short half-life, ligustrazine is not suitable for application in clinical practice. Derivatives of ligustrazine were therefore designed and synthesized, including ether, amine, amide, hydrocarbon and deuterated derivatives of ligustrazine and ester and alcohol derivatives of 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine, an active metabolite of ligustrazine. Some of these compounds present better cerebro- arid cardiovascular activities and more favorable pharmacokinetic properties compared to the parent compound.
A novel passive star network topology used in FC-AE-1553 protocol (2014)

According to the characteristics of the future avionics electronic data bus, such as simple structure, low power consumption, low price, easy maintenance and so on, in this paper we put forward a passive star network topology based on FC-AE-1553 protocol. This topology is founded on passive optical splitter, through it to realize data transmission and data switching. At the same time, the FC-AE-1553 protocol was improved and optimized in detail using this new topology. By analyzing transmission characteristics of the protocol, a mathematical model was built, and the network performance was simulated by path set algorithm. These experiments further validated the passive star network can be widely used in future aerospace environment.
Assessing Golfer Performance on the PGA Tour (2011)

The game of golf involves many different types of shots: long tee shots (typically hit with a driver), approach shots to greens, shots from the sand, putts on the green, and others. While it is easy to determine the winner in a golf tournament by counting strokes, it is not easy to assess which factors most contributed to the victory. In this paper we apply an analysis based on strokes gained (previously termed shot value) to assess the performance of golfers in different parts of the game of golf. Strokes gained is a simple and intuitive measure of the contribution of each shot to a golfer's score. Strokes gained analysis is applied to extensive ShotLink data in order to rank PGA TOUR golfers in various skill categories and to quantify the factors that differentiate golfers on the PGA TOUR. Long game shots (those starting over 100 yards from the hole) explain about two-thirds of the variability in scores among golfers on the PGA TOUR. Tiger Woods is ranked number one in total strokes gained and he is ranked at or near the top of PGA TOUR golfers in each of the three main categories: long game, short game and putting. His dominance is a result of excelling at all phases of the game, but his long game accounts for about two-thirds of his scoring advantage relative to the field. A similar approach is used to rank PGA TOUR courses in terms of overall difficulty and difficulty in each part of the game. A preliminary analysis shows that the recent change in the groove rule for irons by the United States Golf Association (USGA) has had almost no impact on scores from the rough.
[The influence of Aronia melanocapra in experimental pancreatitis]. (2000)

The administration of anthocyanin dyes from Aronia melanocarpa in the rats before the intraperitoneal injections of PAF and ceruleine have a beneficial effect on the development of the acute experimental pancreatitis. It was revealed the reduction of pancreas swelling and decreasing of lipid peroxidation and adenosine deaminase activity. The examination was carried out on 149, weighing 200-250 g, female and male Wistar rats. They lived in the animal quarters with a stable temperature and humidity being fed with standard fodder (Murigan) and water ad libitum.
Observation of stripe-direction dependence of threshold current density for AlGaInP laser diodes with CuPt-type natural superlattice in Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P active layer (1992)

The authors report the observation of a large stripe-direction dependence of threshold current density for AlGaInP laser diodes with CuPt-type natural superlattice (NSL) in a Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P active layer. The anisotropy is attributed to the existence of NSL in the active layer. Epitaxial wafers were grown on Si-doped exact
Parenting Practices and Age-Group Swimming: A Correlational Study (1994)

To examine the parenting correlates of children's experiences in age-group swimming, 44 families of 6- to 14-year-old competitive swimmers were studied. Mothers and fathers completed questionnaires on their childrearing practices; children, coaches, fathers, and mothers completed questionnaires on the child's enjoyment, effort, competitiveness, commitment, and ability. For both mothers and fathers, parental support was positively associated with child enthusiasm, whereas parental performance outcome goals and directiveness showed curvilinear effects. Specifically, parents reporting moderate levels of directiveness and performance outcome goals had children reporting the greatest enthusiasm for swimming. The major mother-father difference concerned modeling: Although mother modeling was positively associated with child enthusiasm for both boys and girls, father modeling showed a negative association with child enthusiasm, but only for boys.
Brain morphological abnormality in schizophrenia is independent of country of origin (2003)

Brain morphological abnormality in schizophrenia is present regardless of the country of origin. The importance of genes in driving normal brain development and stable prevalence suggests that aetiology may favour genes over environment.
Research on turbulence intensity as an evaluation index for micrositing validation (2010)

The factors determining the optimal wind turbine type for a site-specific wind farm are 50-year extreme wind speed, mean wind speed and turbulence intensity. Wind climate is highly dependent on the terrain; the process of micrositing should not exclusively focus on the energy yield, but should also aim for the availability and safety of the wind turbine. The validation of micrositing is to double check to make sure that the 50-year extreme wind speed, mean wind speed, incline angle and turbulence intensity meet the wind turbines design requirements in the standards. On the basis of the analysis of micrositing validation process, the present paper focuses on the turbulence intensity as an evaluation index for micrositing validation, and takes a wind project as a case study to illustrate its circuit.
Intracavity femtosecond-pulse compression with the addition of highly nonlinear organic materials (1988)

It is experimentally shown that using organic materials of high nonlinear refractive index dissolved in a saturable-absorber solution permits femtosecond-pulse compression in a simple colliding-pulse mode-locked laser employing cavity-mirror dispersion adjustment.
Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Constituents of Henna Leaves (2004)

The immunomodulatory bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of henna (Lawsonia inermis L.; syn. Lawsonia alba L.) leaves resulted in the isolation of seven compounds; three have been isolated for the first time from the genus, namely p-coumaric acid, 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and apiin, along with the previously isolated compounds: lawsone, apigenin, luteolin, and cosmosiin. Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was based upon their physical, chemical as well as spectroscopic characters. Their immuomodulatory profile was studied using an in vitro immunoassay, the lymphocyte transformation assay. The ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], free radical scavenging assay depicted that all isolated compounds exhibited antioxidant activity comparable to that of ascorbic acid.
Alteration of myoblast phenotype by dimethyl sulfoxide. (1978)

Application of dimethyl sulfoxide to proliferating L8 myoblasts (an established cell line of rat skeletal muscle) for 72 hr completely prevented fusion and induction of creatine phosphokinase (EC 2.7.3.2) activity (an indicator of muscle differentiation). The growth pattern changed from the usual sheets of randomly oriented cells to flattened, whorled monolayers of elongated fibroblast-like cells. By electron microscopy, rough endoplasmic reticulum increased and extracellular material appeared that had the morphologic and staining characteristics of collagen. After 120 hr in dimethyl sulfoxide-containing medium, the cells secreted about 6 times more collagen than untreated controls. Dimethyl sulfoxide was ineffective when applied to L8 cells just prior to fusion, and effects of dimethyl sulfoxide were not readily reversible unless treated cells were subcultured at low density.
Respollse Time Analysis for Computer Database recorganisation with Concurrent Usage and Chmgeover State (1989)

An online information system may require reorganisation after continuous usage for sometime. In this paper the performance of a database is modelled when reorganisation is performed concurrently with usage in an essentially computer utility environment. A twopriorify queueing model is considered with activity by users having higher priority and database reorganisation having low priority. In the absence of any user the system goes to changeover state for an arbitrary length of time and if a user arrives, it immediately attends tg it otherwise it takes up reorganisation service. Steady-state equations for the model have been solved and the variatians in response time are predicted quantitatively through numerical results.
Procurement of pharmaceuticals in World Bank projects (1994)

World Bank financing for pharmaceuticals has grown to over US $300 million per year, and this trend is likely to accelerate because of the growing size of the population, health and nutrition portfolio. Pharmaceuticals generate particular procurement issues because the ways they are selected, purchased and distributed are very specific. This paper discusses issues related to pharmaceutical financing under Bank projects, presents Bank experiences to date, and outlines practical steps to help overcome common problems that can occur in drug procurement. The paper begins from the position that pharmaceuticals are essential inputs of any health system and must be considered within the global context of health and pharmaceutical policies. The paper further discusses when and how procurement through Bank projects can help in the reforms of the health sector that several countries are embarking on currently.
Stroboscopic white-light interferometry of vibrating microstructures (2013)

We describe a LED-based stroboscopic white-light interferometer and a data analysis method that allow mapping out-of-plane surface vibration fields in electrically excited microstructures with sub-nm amplitude resolution for vibration frequencies ranging up to tens of MHz. The data analysis, which is performed entirely in the frequency domain, makes use of the high resolution available in the measured interferometric phase data. For demonstration, we image the surface vibration fields in a square-plate silicon MEMS resonator for three vibration modes ranging in frequency between 3 and 14 MHz. The minimum detectable vibration amplitude in this case was less than 100 pm.
Protection against SIV infection in macaques by immunization with inactivated virus from the BK28 molecular clone, but not with BK28‐derived recombinant env and gag proteins (1992)

Vaccination of cynomolgus macaques with beta-propiolactone inactivated SIVmacBK28 in Freund's adjuvant induced low but detectable levels of anti-SIV envelope (env) antibodies and T-cell responses and protected against challenge with the 32H isolate of SIVmac251 grown in C8166 cells. In contrast, purified recombinant SIV env and gag proteins derived from BK28 formulated in Syntex adjuvant generated consistent and long-lived cellular and humoral immune responses to SIV env, but failed to protect against infection with the 32H virus. Thus, protection against a heterogeneous challenge stock is possible by immunization with a molecularly-cloned virus, but not with recombinant proteins from the same molecular origin. High levels of anti-cell antibodies induced by the whole virus vaccine, but not by recombinant proteins, may have contributed to the protection observed.
Half-harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy with transfer function correction (2012)

An approach for surface potential imaging based on half-harmonic band excitation (BE) in Kelvin probe force microscopy is demonstrated. Using linear and half-harmonic BE enables quantitative correction of the cantilever transfer function. Half-harmonic band excitation Kelvin probe force microscopy (HBE KPFM) thus allows quantitative separation of surface potential and topographic contributions to the signal, obviating the primary sources of topographic cross-talk. HBE KPFM imaging and voltage spectroscopy methods are illustrated for several model systems.
In-situ-spectroscopic monitoring for SIC-CVD process control (1999)

The objectives of this contribution are the integration of a FTIR spectrometer onto a waste gas line of a SiC-CVD demonstrator unit and the correlation of the measured gas phase spectra with formation of polychlorosilane deposits. The formation of polychlorosilanes during low pressure CVD processes of SiC is the most limiting factor in scaling up of CVD units. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to monitor and to control this waste gas process. It is shown that FTIR measurements can be applied to solve such a problem. The paper is subdivided in the following three parts. First, the optical and mechanical adaption of the FTIR equipment are shown; second, FTIR measurements in the SiC-CVD demonstrator and interpretation of the measured spectra are presented; and third, the opportunities for process control are discussed.
Structure of the gene for rat nucleolar protein B23. (1990)

Protein B23 is an abundant RNA-associated nucleolar phosphoprotein involved in the ribosome assembly process. Previous studies showed that two forms of the protein (B23.1 and B23.2) are generated from a single gene via alternative splicing of 3' exons at the mRNA level (Chang, J. H., and Olson, M. O. J. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 11732-11737). We now report the structure of the complete B23 gene which spans 11-kilobases of DNA and contains 12 exons coding for the 294 amino acid residues. B23.1 mRNA is encoded by exons 1-9, 11, and 12, whereas exons 1-10 code for the B23.2 mRNA. Each exon codes for a relatively short segment of the protein (2-40 amino acid residues). The exons, which are distributed unevenly over the length of the gene, are separated by introns varying in size between 122 base pairs and 2.2 kilobases. Southern blot analyses using a probe derived from the untranslated segment of exon 10 suggests that a single expressed gene is present in the rat genome. Additional genomic clones contained apparent processed pseudogenes for protein B23. Primer extension studies and comparison with a processed pseudogene reveal a probable transcription initiation site at position -96 from the first ATG. The 5' region of the gene contains several possible regulatory elements. Three GC boxes which are potential binding sites for transcription factor Sp1 were found, including one within the first intron. A segment of about 1500 base pairs in the 5' region is unusually rich in the dinucleotide CpG. Although no CCAAT box was found a well-defined TATA box is present at position -126. The latter feature suggests that the B23 gene has some properties of tissue-specific genes in addition to the predominant characteristics of housekeeping genes.
Deblocking reaction of chemically amplified ArF positive resists (1998)

Deblocking reaction mechanisms and lithographic performance in chemically amplified positive ArF resists were investigated by analyzing acid concentration and blocking level. The resists consisted of triphenylsulfonium triflate as a acid generator and either the copolymer, poly(carboxy- tetracyclododecyl methacrylate<SUB>70</SUB>-co- tetrahydropyranylcarboxy-tetracyclododecyl methacrylate<SUB>30</SUB>) or the terpolymer, poly(tricyclodecylacrylate<SUB>60</SUB>- co-tetrahydropyranylmethacrylate<SUB>20</SUB>-co-methacrylic acid<SUB>20</SUB>). The deblocking reaction mechanisms were evaluated from Arrhenius plots of the deblocking reaction rate constant. It was found that the deblocking reaction of both resists is ruled by two rate-determining steps, i.e., reaction-controlled in the low-temperature region and acid- diffusion-controlled in the high-temperature region. Furthermore, the copolymer resist had better post-exposure- delay (PED) stability. To clarify this result, acid loss caused by air-born contamination effect on deblocking reaction was investigated. The change of amount of blocking group by acid loss was small for the copolymer. Therefore the copolymer resist had better PED stability. Furthermore, the post-exposure bake (PEB) sensitivity of linewidth of the copolymer resist was smaller than that of the terpolymer resist. Both deblocking reaction rate constant and reverse reaction rate constant of the copolymer resist increased with PEB temperature. As a result, equilibrium constant of the copolymer was not valuable with temperature. This is the reason why the copolymer resist has low PEB sensitivity. It is concluded that small acid loss effect on deblocking reaction induces better PED stability. A resist with reverse reaction has an advantage for PEB temperature sensitivity.
Microarray-based classifiers and prognosis models identify subgroups with distinct clinical outcomes and high risk of AML transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome (2009)

The diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) currently relies primarily on the morphologic assessment of the patient's bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. Moreover, prognostic scoring systems rely on observer-dependent assessments of blast percentage and dysplasia. Gene expression profiling could enhance current diagnostic and prognostic systems by providing a set of standardized, objective gene signatures. Within the Microarray Innovations in LEukemia study, a diagnostic classification model was investigated to distinguish the distinct subclasses of pediatric and adult leukemia, as well as MDS. Overall, the accuracy of the diagnostic classification model for subtyping leukemia was approximately 93%, but this was not reflected for the MDS samples giving only approximately 50% accuracy. Discordant samples of MDS were classified either into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or "none-of-the-targets" (neither leukemia nor MDS) categories. To clarify the discordant results, all submitted 174 MDS samples were externally reviewed, although this did not improve the molecular classification results. However, a significant correlation was noted between the AML and "none-of-the-targets" categories and prognosis, leading to a prognostic classification model to predict for time-dependent probability of leukemic transformation. The prognostic classification model accurately discriminated patients with a rapid transformation to AML within 18 months from those with more indolent disease.