gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance characteristics of a reversible immunosensor with a heterobifunctional enzyme conjugate as signal generator (1997)

Factors that control the performance of a reversible immunosensor with an analyte (progesterone)-enzyme (horseradish peroxidase) conjugate as signal generator have been investigated. The conjugate is used in conjunction with two antibodies, which are specific to progesterone and to horseradish peroxidase, immobilized on two spatially separated polypropylene mesh discs. The conjugate and two antibodies are confined to an internal compartment of a microdialyzer by a semipermeable membrane. The small analyte from an external medium permeates across the membrane into the internal compartment where the analyte concentration determines the relative amounts of the bound conjugate on the two solid surfaces. By measuring two signals from the conjugate bound at two separate sites, we experimentally obtained time-response curves to a concentration pulse of the external analyte. A mathematical (kinetic) model describing the sensor system was developed and used for the determination of rate-limiting factors. In semicontinuous monitoring of the analyte concentrations, operation of the immunosensor with the enzyme conjugate as signal generator required special attention to (a) enzyme stability, (b) analyte permeation (dependence on medium components), and (c) kinetics related to the different accessibility to the same antibody of the small analyte (to be measured) vs. the larger counterpart on the enzyme conjugate (for signal generation). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 56: 221–231, 1997.
Identification Of Oil Spills: Comparison Of Several Methods (1969)

Abstract Based only on analysis of oil slicks, several methods of identifying the source of oil pollution are critically examined. These methods are grouped into two categories: passive tagging and active tagging. Passive tagging assumes that oils are so chemically diverse that their contents constitute a stable chemical fingerprint that can be unequivocally disclosed in the laboratory. Active tagging requires that an inexpensive, coded material be added to oil; this material must be chemically and physically stable in both oil and oil slicks; it must also be readily identifiable by available analytical techniques. We have examined three methods of passive tagging (trace metals, sulfur-isotope ratios, and paper chromatography) and three methods of active tagging (halogenated polycyclic aromatics, organo metallic s, and coded micro-spheroids). Passive tags cannot be recommended because the passive tags are quite likely to mingle, to evaporate, to be dissolved, or to be oxidized; even if these processes do not. occur, they can create formidable forensic problems for the prosecution and telling counter-arguments for the defense. Since active tags are designed to be stable and identifiable, they are made for the job; we have found promise and merit (though unequal) in the three types of active tags we reviewed.
Mammalian Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetases (2008)

Acyl-CoA synthetase enzymes are essential for de novo lipid synthesis, fatty acid catabolism, and remodeling of membranes. Activation of fatty acids requires a two-step reaction catalyzed by these enzymes. In the first step, an acyl-AMP intermediate is formed from ATP. AMP is then exchanged with CoA to produce the activated acyl-CoA. The release of AMP in this reaction defines the superfamily of AMP-forming enzymes. The length of the carbon chain of the fatty acid species defines the substrate specificity for the different acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS). On this basis, five sub-families of ACS have been characterized. The purpose of this review is to report on the large family of mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL), which activate fatty acids with chain lengths of 12 to 20 carbon atoms. Five genes and several isoforms generated by alternative splicing have been identified and limited information is available on their localization. The structure of these membrane proteins has not been solved for the mammalian ACSLs but homology to a bacterial form, whose structure has been determined, points at specific structural features that are important for these enzymes across species. The bacterial form acts as a dimer and has a conserved short motif, called the fatty acid Gate domain, that seems to determine substrate specificity. We will discuss the characterization and identification of the different spliced isoforms, draw attention to the inconsistencies and errors in their annotations, and their cellular localizations. These membrane proteins act on membrane-bound substrates probably as homo- and as heterodimer complexes but have often been expressed as single recombinant isoforms, apparently purified as monomers and tested in Triton X-100 micelles. We will argue that such studies have failed to provide an accurate assessment of the activity and of the distinct function of these enzymes in mammalian cells.
Full‐Polarization 3D Metasurface Cloak with Preserved Amplitude and Phase (2016)

A full-polarization arbitrary-shaped 3D metasurface cloak with preserved amplitude and phase in microwave frequencies is experimentally demonstrated. By taking the unique feature of metasurfaces, it is shown that the cloak can completely restore the polarization, amplitude, and phase of light for full polarization as if light was incident on a flat mirror.
Guide to Formwork for Concrete (1988)

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Spray‐Painted Binder‐Free SnSe Electrodes for High‐Performance Energy‐Storage Devices (2013)

SnSe nanocrystal electrodes on three-dimensional (3D) carbon fabric and Au-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wafer have been prepared by a simple spray-painting process and were further investigated as binder-free active-electrodes for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and flexible stacked all-solid-state supercapacitors. The as-painted SnSe nanocrystals/carbon fabric electrodes exhibit an outstanding capacity of 676 mAh g(-1) after 80 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g(-1) and a considerable high-rate capability in lithium storage because of the excellent ion transport from the electrolyte to the active materials and the efficient charge transport between current collector and electrode materials. The binder-free electrodes also provide a larger electrochemical active surface compared with electrodes containing binders, which leads to the enhanced capacities of energy-storage devices. A flexible stacked all-solid-state supercapacitor based on the SnSe nanocrystals on Au-coated PET wafers shows high capacitance reversibility with little performance degradation at different current densities after 2200 charge-discharge cycles and even when bent. This allows for many potential applications in facile, cost-effective, spray-paintable, and flexible energy-storage devices. The results indicate that the fabrication of binder-free electrodes by a spray painting process is an interesting direction for the preparation of high-performance energy-storage devices.
Real-Time Spatio-Temporal LiDAR Point Cloud Compression (2020)

Compressing massive LiDAR point clouds in real-time is critical to autonomous machines such as drones and self-driving cars. While most of the recent prior work has focused on compressing individual point cloud frames, this paper proposes a novel system that effectively compresses a sequence of point clouds. The idea to exploit both the spatial and temporal redundancies in a sequence of point cloud frames. We first identify a key frame in a point cloud sequence and spatially encode the key frame by iterative plane fitting. We then exploit the fact that consecutive point clouds have large overlaps in the physical space, and thus spatially encoded data can be (re-)used to encode the temporal stream. Temporal encoding by reusing spatial encoding data not only improves the compression rate, but also avoids redundant computations, which significantly improves the compression speed. Experiments show that our compression system achieves 40x to 90x compression rate, significantly higher than the MPEG's LiDAR point cloud compression standard, while retaining high end-to-end application accuracies. Meanwhile, our compression system has a compression speed that matches the point cloud generation rate by today LiDARs and out-performs existing compression systems, enabling real-time point cloud transmission.
Surgicel--an absorbable hemostatic material--in prevention of peritoneal adhesions in rats. (1978)

Forty rats were laparotomized and subjected to a standardized cecal trauma. In half the number of the rats, the injured cecum was embedded in oxidized regenerated cellulose (Surgicel). In the remaining 20 rats, which served as controls, the cecum was left uncovered. The rats were sacrificed at 14 days after the operation and examined for intraperitoneal adhesions. Adhesions were significantly (p less than 0.001) less common in the group treated with oxidized regenerated cellulose. In a separate series eight rats were used for histological examination of the traumatized cecal wall. No macroscopic residuum of the implant was seen after one or two weeks. However, the histological examination demonstrated small remnants surrounded by ingrowing fibroblasts and inflammatory cells.
Predictive Structure–Reactivity Models for Rapid Screening of Pt-Based Multimetallic Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2011)

Due to the immense phase space of potential alloy catalysts, any rigorous screening for optimal alloys requires simple and accurate predictive structure–reactivity relationships. Herein, we have developed a model that allows us to accurately predict variations in adsorption energy on alloy surfaces based on easily accessible physical characteristics of the metal elements that form the alloy—mainly their electronegativity, atomic radius, and the spatial extent of valence orbitals. We have developed a scheme relating the geometric structure and local chemical environment of active Pt sites to the local chemical reactivity of the sites in the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The accuracy of the model was verified with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The model allows us to screen through large libraries of Pt alloys and identify many potentially promising ORR alloy catalysts. Some of these materials have previously been tested experimentally and shown improved performance compared to pure Pt. Since the model is grounded on validated theories of chemisorption on metal surfaces, it can be used to identify the critical physical features that characterize an optimal alloy electrocatalyst for ORR and propose how these features can be engineered.
Mucin glycoproteins as tumor markers. (1990)

Extensive biochemical studies have shown that mucin tumor antigens have a range of molecular sizes from 200 to greater than 1000 kDa. The molecular size of mucin antigens can be dramatically affected by the source and method of purification. Mucin antigens vary from 24 to 80% in carbohydrate content and their density is usually greater than 1.40 g/ml. Galactose and N-acetyl glucosamine are the predominant sugar residues in many mucins, whereas mannose is usually present in low levels or absent. The amino acids serine, threonine, alanine, glycine, and proline are abundant in mucins. An O-glycosidic linkage between the carbohydrate and protein of mucins is the most common linkage encountered. The gene encoding the core peptide for at least one mucin tumor marker, HMFG, has been identified, sequenced, and expressed. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the multiepitope nature of mucin tumor markers. The advent of hybridoma technology has yielded several monoclonal antibodies that have been used to identify the presence of tumor-associated mucins in the sera of cancer patients. Elevated levels of mucin antigens have been found in the serum of most patients with advanced adenocarcinomas. Many studies have shown that tumor-associated markers are useful in monitoring patients following cancer treatment. Clinically useful immunoassays have been developed for monitoring patients with ovarian, breast, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Although individual mucin tumor markers show limited utility in detecting early adenocarcinoma, recent studies using multiple mucin markers have suggested that early detection, at sensitivities greater than 50%, can be achieved.
Giving Birth in Berlin: Reproductive Experiences of Polish Migrant Women (2015)

Marta,1 a 31-year-old Polish woman who had been living in Berlin for more than seven years and was married to a German coworker, was 32 weeks pregnant when it was confirmed that her baby boy was in the breech position. It was Marta's first pregnancy. The child was very much anticipated by the couple, who were very aware and reflective, and put in a lot of effort to make the pregnancy safe. Marta spoke very good German yet she was concerned about communication with medical personnel so she decided to find a "Polish midwife." By "Polish midwife" she meant Polish by origin, yet with practical experience in health care in Berlin. Marta met with "Pani Krystyna" several times and discussed which of the possible places where the child could be born best matched the couple's expectations and how to prepare for the birth. Pani Krystyna was expected to take care of Marta and her baby before and after the birth, as is usual in Berlin. Different midwives, employed by a hospital, would be in charge during the birth, which was planned to be in hospital. The couple chose a small hospital near their home. When the couple learnt about the breech position they consulted Pani Krystyna, an obstetrician, and the hospital's head ob-gyn consultant and decided to go for moxibustion,2 a Chinese traditional way of turning the baby, but it was not successful. Marta and her husband decided to try a vaginal birth (rather than the more common cesarean section in cases of breech babies), which was supported by Pani Krystyna and the hospital's medical director.KeywordsMigrant WomanUndocumented MigrantBirth ExperienceMedical AnthropologyInternet ForumThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Oral selenium supplementation in rats reduces cardiac toxicity of adriamycin during ischemia and reperfusion. (1996)

The aim of the present study was to assess whether an 8-wk oral selenium supplementation (standard food enriched with 2500 micrograms Se/kg) in rats might prevent the cardiotoxicity of adriamycin (ADR) treatment. ADR was administered at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally twice weekly for 3 wk. One week after the end of ADR treatment, rats (n = 10 per group) were killed and their hearts were perfused on a Langendorff mode and subjected to a 30-min period of low-flow ischemia (residual flow = 0.1 ml/min) followed by reperfusion (15 min). The results were as follows: 1) selenium supplementation significantly increased the activity of cardiac mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in ADR-treated rats (control: 206 +/- 17.4 IU/g protein; Se: 277 +/- 24.5 IU/g protein, p < 0.05); 2) selenium supplementation reduced myocardial malondialdehyde content in ADR-treated rats (control: 1220 +/- 49.1 nmol/g protein; Se: 1010 +/- 75.9 nmol/g protein; p < 0.05); and 3) ADR treatment significantly increased the degree of reperfusion-induced structural alterations to sarcomeres compared to untreated hearts. Again, this phenomenon was abolished by selenium supplementation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that selenium supplementation is able to limit ADR cardiotoxicity in isolated rat hearts submitted to a sequence of ischemia/reperfusion.
Pathophysiological significance and therapeutic targeting of germinal center kinase in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2016)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, yet 40% to 50% of patients will eventually succumb to their disease, demonstrating a pressing need for novel therapeutic options. Gene expression profiling has identified messenger RNAs that lead to transformation, but critical events transforming cells are normally executed by kinases. Therefore, we hypothesized that previously unrecognized kinases may contribute to DLBCL pathogenesis. We performed the first comprehensive analysis of global kinase activity in DLBCL, to identify novel therapeutic targets, and discovered that germinal center kinase (GCK) was extensively activated. GCK RNA interference and small molecule inhibition induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in DLBCL cell lines and primary tumors in vitro and decreased the tumor growth rate in vivo, resulting in a significantly extended lifespan of mice bearing DLBCL xenografts. GCK expression was also linked to adverse clinical outcome in a cohort of 151 primary DLBCL patients. These studies demonstrate, for the first time, that GCK is a molecular therapeutic target in DLBCL tumors and that inhibiting GCK may significantly extend DLBCL patient survival. Because the majority of DLBCL tumors (∼80%) exhibit activation of GCK, this therapy may be applicable to most patients.
The Dielectric Behavior of Colloidal Particles with an Electric Double-Layer (1932)

The dielectric behavior of colloidal particles is treated mathematically. The particles are assumed to be spheres and the electric double-layer is represented by a concentric conducting shell. Assuming that the conductivity of the shell is large compared with that of the particle and that its thickness is small compared with the radius of the particle, the relaxation time in sec. is given by $\frac{3\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{\alpha}}{8\ensuremath{\pi}{c}^{2}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{2}d}$ where $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ is the dielectric constant of the material of the particle, $a$ its radius in cm, $c$ the ratio of the e.m.u. to the e.s.u., ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{2}$ the conductivity of the shell in e.m.u., and $d$ its thickness in cm. A distribution of particle size is assumed, and by the use of Wagner's treatment of non-homogeneous media expressions are obtained for the capacity and power factor as functions of the frequency. It is thus shown that the dielectric behavior predicted by Wagner for an assemblage of spheres having different specific conductivities may also result from an assemblage of colloidal particles of non-uniform size.
Minimally invasive evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage using sonothrombolysis (2011)

Lysis and drainage of spontaneous ICH and IVH with a reduction in mass effect can be accomplished rapidly and safely through sonothrombolysis using stereotactically delivered drainage and ultrasound catheters via a bur hole. A larger clinical trial with catheters specifically designed for brain blood clot removal is warranted.
A launch and recovery system for an autonomous underwater vehicle 'Explorer' (2003)

The authors discuss the launch and recovery system (LRS) of the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Explorer which can work normally at the working water depth of 1000 m in sea-state four without a special support ship. To eliminate the influence of roll motion and heave motion of the support ship on the LRS, a launcher is used for the recovery of the Explorer. Although the boom frame of the launcher slides up and down as the boom tip of the support ship heaves, the launcher's frame is kept controlled in a certain water depth by using vertical thrusters to ensure that the Explorer can enter the launcher by navigation and the sailing control system. The Explorer is protected by the launcher's frame.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
(Fe, Co)-(Hf, Nb)-B Glassy Thick Sheet Alloys Prepared by a Melt Clamp Forging Method (2001)

Glassy Fe58Co14Hf8B20 and Fe60Co20Hf6Nb2B12 alloys in a thick sheet form were prepared by a meltclamp forging method. Their thickness was 0.78 mm and 0.49 mm, respectively. The glassy sheets have nearly the same values of glass transition temperature (Tg), onset temperature of crystallization (Tx) and Curie temperature (Tc) as those for the melt-spun ribbon samples. The Tg, Tx and Tc were 826 K, 895 K, and 598 K respectively for the Fe58Co14Hf8B20 alloy, and 799 K, 841 K and 638 K respectively for the Fe60Co20Hf6Nb2B12 alloy. The same thermal properties between the forged and the melt-spun samples are presumably due to the formation of a similar glassy structure. The success of manufacturing Fe-based glassy thick sheets by the forging method is encouraging for future progress as a new engineering material.
Clonal Tracing of Sox9+ Liver Progenitors in Mouse Oval Cell Injury (2014)

Proliferating ducts, termed “oval cells,” have long been thought to be bipotential, that is, produce both biliary ducts and hepatocytes during chronic liver injury. The precursor to oval cells is considered to be a facultative liver stem cell (LSC). Recent lineage tracing experiments indicated that the LSC is SRY-related HMG box transcription factor 9 postive (Sox9+) and can replace the bulk of hepatocyte mass in several settings. However, no clonal relationship between Sox9+ cells and the two epithelial liver lineages was established. We labeled Sox9+ mouse liver cells at low density with a multicolor fluorescent confetti reporter. Organoid formation validated the progenitor activity of the labeled population. Sox9+ cells were traced in multiple oval cell injury models using both histology and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Surprisingly, only rare clones containing both hepatocytes and oval cells were found in any experiment. Quantitative analysis showed that Sox9+ cells contributed only minimally (<1%) to the hepatocyte pool, even in classic oval cell injury models. In contrast, clonally marked mature hepatocytes demonstrated the ability to self-renew in all classic mouse oval cell activation injuries. A hepatocyte chimera model to trace hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells also demonstrated the prevalence of hepatocyte-driven regeneration in mouse oval cell injury models. Conclusion : Sox9+ ductal progenitor cells give rise to clonal oval cell proliferation and bipotential organoids, but rarely produce hepatocytes in vivo . Hepatocytes themselves are the predominant source of new parenchyma cells in prototypical mouse models of oval cell activation. (Hepatology 2014;60:278–289)