gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Dimensional Transport Characteristics of Surface Stabilized Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles in Porous Media (2007)

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (INP) were synthesized and stabilized using poly acrylic acid (PAA) to yield stabilized INP (S-INP). A two-dimensional physical model was used to study the fate and transport of the INP and S-INP in porous media under saturated, steady-state flow conditions. Transport data for a nonreactive tracer, INP, and S-INP were collected under similar flow conditions. The results show that unstabilized INP cannot be transported into groundwater systems. On the other hand, the S-INP can be transported like a tracer without significant retardation. However, the S-INP plume migrated downward as it moved horizontally in the physical model, indicating that small density gradients have significant influence on two-dimensional transport. The variable-density groundwater flow model SEAWAT was used to model the observed density-driven transport patterns. This is the first time a two-dimensional transport data set is reported for demonstrating the multidimensional transport characteristics of nanoparticles. The data shows the importance of density effects, which cannot be fully discerned using one-dimensional, column experiments. Finally, we also demonstrate that the numerical model SEAWAT can be used to predict the density-driven transport characteristics of S-INP in groundwater aquifers.
Cell-to-cell communication in the ovarian follicle: developmental and hormonal regulation of the expression of connexin43 (1998)

The extensively developed network of cell-to-cell communication in the ovarian follicle is generated by gap junctions. In addition to the transmission of nutrients from the follicular cells to the oocyte, junctional communication in the ovarian follicle mediates the transfer of cAMP, the regulatory signal that maintains the oocyte in meiotic arrest. Luteinizing hormone (LH) interrupts cell-to-cell communication within the ovarian follicle, leading to a decrease in intra-oocyte concentrations of cAMP followed by resumption of meiosis. The developmental and hormonal regulation of the ovarian gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) and gene expression throughout folliculogenesis is reviewed in this article. An age-dependent increase in the amount of the Cx43 protein that was accompanied by its phosphorylation in preovulatory follicles has been observed. This protein disappeared after ovulation. The changes in both the amount and phosphorylation state of Cx43 were mimicked by exogenous administration of hormones as follows. Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin increased Cx43 protein expression with a concurrent induction of its phosphorylation while a further human chorionic gonadotrophin injection resulted in a significant decrease of the protein. Cx43 mRNA showed a similar pattern of expression. In-vitro analysis of isolated ovarian follicles revealed that short time exposure (10 min) to LH stimulates phosphorylation of Cx43 followed by its immediate dephosphorylation, while longer incubations (8 and 24 h) with this hormone result in elimination of the protein. A significant decrease in Cx43 mRNA concentration at 24 h of incubation with LH was observed in these follicles. These results suggest that: (i) the presence of the gap junction protein in the ovary is developmentally regulated; (ii) after sexual maturation, both the amount of the Cx43 ovarian gap junction protein and its phosphorylation state are subjected to regulation by gonadotrophins; (iii) the LH-induced gating mechanism of the gap junctions in rat ovarian follicles is comprised of two steps: the immediate response is represented by a change in the phosphorylation state of the Cx43 protein, and the later response is manifested by a reduction of Cx43 protein concentration, due to attenuation of its gene expression.
Chronic ethanol exposure alters the lung proteome and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in alveolar type 2 cells (2014)

The lungs can undergo irreversible damage from chronic alcohol consumption. Herein, we developed an animal model predisposed for edematous lung injury following chronic ingestion of alcohol to better understand the etiology of alcohol-related disorders. Using animal modeling, alongside high-throughput proteomic and microarray assays, we identified changes in lung protein and transcript in mice and rats, respectively, following chronic alcohol ingestion or a caloric control diet. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified several mitochondrial-related proteins in which the expression was upregulated following long-term alcohol ingestion in mice. Consistent with these observations, rat gene chip microarray analysis of alveolar cells obtained from animals maintained on a Lieber-DeCarli liquid alcohol diet confirmed significant changes in mitochondrial-related transcripts in the alcohol lung. Transmission electron microscopy revealed significant changes in the mitochondrial architecture in alcohol mice, particularly following lipopolysaccharide exposure. Chronic alcohol ingestion was also shown to worsen mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial membrane polarization, and NAD(+)-to-NADH ratios in alveolar type 2 cells. In summary, our studies show causal connection between chronic alcohol ingestion and mitochondrial dysfunction, albeit the specific role of each of the mitochondrial-related proteins and transcripts identified in our study requires additional study.
Soil Hydrology on an End Moraine and a Dissected Till Plain in West‐Central Indiana (2002)

Soil hydrologic properties are a function of precipitation (P)‐evapotranspiration relations, stratigraphy, and geomorphology. An understanding of soil hydrology helps us predict many soil and ecosystem properties. We studied soil hydrology on an end moraine and on a dissected till plain in west‐central Indiana. We measured hydraulic head, water table level, redox potential (E H ), and temperature, with piezometers (0.25‐, 0.50‐, 1.0‐, 2.0‐, 4.5‐m depth), observation wells, platinum electrodes (0.25‐, 0.50‐, and 1.0‐m), and thermocouples (0.25‐, 0.50‐, 1.0‐, and 2.0‐m), respectively, in soils along two soil toposequences for 9 yr. Water table levels drop rapidly when hardwood trees first leaf out in the spring, and rise rapidly after the trees go dormant in the fall. The Thornthwaite model underestimates evapotranspiration in the forest in the spring. In the dissected plain underlain with dense till, water is held up by the slowly permeable till. Water moves from the interior of the till plain to the dissected bevel where it periodically rises within 1 m of the surface but does not cause redoximorphic features. Soils on the crest of a moraine are similar in morphology to those on the till plain bevel, but have essentially no high water table because there is no upslope contributing area to serve as a water source. In the wetter soils, reduction begins when a soil horizon becomes wet but not saturated, and proceeds more rapidly when the horizon is saturated. There is a lag period of 2 to 8 wk between initial saturation of the soil at 25 cm and minimum E H .
A realistic coupled nonlinear artificial ECG, BP, and respiratory signal generator for assessing noise performance of biomedical signal processing algorithms (2004)

Extensions to a previously published nonlinear model for generating realistic artificial electrocardiograms to include blood pressure and respiratory signals are presented. The model accurately reproduces many of the important clinical qualities of these signals such as QT dispersion, realistic beat to beat variability in timing and morphology and pulse transit time. The advantage of this artificial model is that the signal is completely known (and therefore its clinical descriptors can be specified exactly) and contains no noise. Artifact and noise can therefore be added in a quantifiable and controlled manner in order to test relevant biomedical signal processing algorithms. Application examples using Independent Component Analysis to remove artifacts are presented.
First X-Ray Scattering Studies on Electrostatically Levitated Metallic Liquids: Demonstrated Influence of Local Icosahedral Order on the Nucleation Barrier (2003)

To explain the unusual stability of undercooled liquids against crystallization, Frank hypothesized that the local structures of undercooled liquids contain a significant degree of icosahedral short-range order, which is incompatible with long-range periodicity. We present here the first direct experimental demonstration of Frank's complete hypothesis, showing a correlation between the nucleation barrier and a growing icosahedral short-range order with decreasing temperature in a ${\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}}_{39.5}{\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{r}}_{39.5}{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}}_{21}$ liquid. A new experimental facility, BESL (Beamline Electrostatic Levitation), was developed to enable the synchrotron x-ray structural studies on deeply undercooled, reactive liquids.
Automatic car-following &amp;#8212; A study of possible controllers (1979)

Systems to allow automobiles or other vehicles to automatically follow one another are becoming increasingly desirable. This paper considers a class of linear controllers to determine their relative suitability for maintaining longitudinal separation between individual vehicles. A modified controller using forward and backward-looking sensors is examined using a transmission line analogy. Stability concepts are defined and clarified and characteristics of a well-behaved system are presented. The relative benefits of the linear models for use in a practical system are discussed and areas of future work outlined.
End-point detection of polymer etching using Langmuir probes (2000)

The adequate determination of the end point of a plasma-etching process is very important for integrated circuit fabrication. In this paper, the authors propose a new method, making use of the floating potential, as determined by a single Langmuir probe with a radio frequency (RF) choke. For the etching of a polymer film with an oxygen plasma using a reactive ion-etching system, this method yields a reproducible and reliable signal, which was successfully used to detect the end point for several wafers, it is better than the method using the DC self-bias voltage as the end-point detection signal, and approximately as good as when using emission spectrometry-at least when the resist area is larger than 4.4 cm/sup 2/-whereas it uses a much cheaper equipment set. Langmuir probe measurements indicate that the floating potential changes are caused by several mechanisms: the average mass change, the plasma density, the average electron temperature, and the electron energy distribution all change after the end point of the etching.
Chain end analysis of bisphenol A polysulfone and its relation to molecular weight (1998)

The preparation of amine-terminated polysulfone by step polymerization of the monomers bisphenol A and dichlorodiphenyl sulfone in the presence of end-capping reagent 4-aminophenol was investigated. A persistent problem with end-capping strategy as applied to step polymerization is the presence of end groups other than those introduced by the end-capping reagent. These unintended end groups, which can persist in the polymer product even when 100% of the end-capping reagent has reacted, are associated with a proportionate decrease in polymer chain length. This situation renders quantitative analysis of a single type of end group invalid as a method for molecular weight determination. The presence of unintended end groups does not appear to correlate with a particular set of reaction conditions; unintended end groups were found to occur in polymerizations conducted under strong base conditions (NaOH), under weak base conditions (K2CO3), and with a wide range of monomer feed ratios. A scheme for unambiguous quantification of chain ends and molecular weight for end-capped polysulfone is described. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1309–1316, 1998
Synthesis and properties of high polymeric phosphazenes with (trimethylsilyl)methyl side groups (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and properties of high polymeric phosphazenes with (trimethylsilyl)methyl side groupsHarry R. Allcock and William D. CoggioCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 4, 764–771Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00056a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00056a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive Algorithms for Online Convex Optimization with Long-term Constraints (2015)

We present an adaptive online gradient descent algorithm to solve online convex optimization problems with long-term constraints , which are constraints that need to be satisfied when accumulated over a finite number of rounds T , but can be violated in intermediate rounds. For some user-defined trade-off parameter $β$ $\in$ (0, 1), the proposed algorithm achieves cumulative regret bounds of O(T^max{$β$,1--$β$}) and O(T^(1--$β$/2)) for the loss and the constraint violations respectively. Our results hold for convex losses and can handle arbitrary convex constraints without requiring knowledge of the number of rounds in advance. Our contributions improve over the best known cumulative regret bounds by Mahdavi, et al. (2012) that are respectively O(T^1/2) and O(T^3/4) for general convex domains, and respectively O(T^2/3) and O(T^2/3) when further restricting to polyhedral domains. We supplement the analysis with experiments validating the performance of our algorithm in practice.
Guided deep network for depth map super-resolution: How much can color help? (2017)

Since the quality of depth maps produced by Time-of-Flight (TOF) cameras is low, color-guided recovery methods have been proposed to increase spatial resolution and suppress unwanted noise. Despite successful applications of deep neural networks in color image super-resolution (SR), their potential for depth map SR is largely unknown. In this paper, we present a deep neural network architecture to learn the end-to-end mapping between low-resolution and high-resolution depth maps. Furthermore, we introduce a novel color-guided deep Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) and propose to jointly learn two nonlinear mapping functions (color-to-depth and LR-to-HR) in the presence of noise. Experimental results on several benchmark data sets show that our method outperforms several existing state-of-the-art depth SR algorithms. Moreover, this work attempts to partially shed some light onto the fundamental question in color-guided depth recovery - how much can color help in depth SR?
Ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes and DNA—from structural probes to cellular imaging and therapeutics (2012)

In the last few decades, coordination complexes based on d(6) metal centres and polypyridyl ligand architectures been developed as structure- and site-specific reversible DNA binding agents. Due to their attractive photophysical properties, much of this research has focused on complexes based on ruthenium(II) centres and, more recently, attention has turned to the use of these complexes in biological contexts. As the rules that govern the cellular uptake and cellular localisation of such systems are determined they are finding numerous applications ranging from imaging to therapeutics. This review illustrates how the interdisciplinary nature of this research-which takes in synthetic chemistry, biophysical and in cellulo studies-makes this an exciting area in which an array of further applications are likely to emerge.
Maternal mortality in a district hospital in West Bengal. (1970)

To ascertain the causes of high maternal mortality in West Bengal, the author examined maternal mortality between 1964-68. It was intended that measures to improve the situation in rural areas could be suggested. Women in labor often arrive at the hospital very late and few antenatal care facilities are available in rural areas. High risk cases often are delivered at home, a situation which often results in fetal complications. Maternal deaths have declined, but not dramatically. Of the 24,265 deliveries at the Burdwan district hospital, there were 333 maternal deaths for an incidence of 13.7/1000, along with another 42 cases where death was due to pregnancy-associated causes. In contrast, the maternal mortality rate in a district hospital in Calcutta was 4/1000 in 1968. Eclampsia accounted for 42.34% (141) of maternal deaths making it the major cause of death. In Calcutta this cause of death is receding gradually but in the districts it still accounts for a heavy loss of life (an incidence of 1 in 38). Adequate antenatal care would reduce this high mortality. 2 factors which have contributed to the high mortality are the hours lost in transporting a patient from a rural area and inadequate hospital staff. Postpartum hemorrhage and/or retained placenta was responsible for 39 deaths and none of the cases admitted from outside had received antenatal care. A shortage of blood was also a contributory factor. Severe anemia was responsible for 34 deaths and abortions resulted in another 29 deaths (16 because of severe sepsis; 13 due to hemorrhage or shock). An emergency service would help reduce the number of deaths but at present such a service does not even exist in the urban areas. Ruptured uterus resulted in 29 deaths and obstructed labor in 27 deaths. Placenta previa brought about 14 deaths and the remaining 20 deaths were due to such causes as accidental hemorrhage (10), hydatidiform mole (4), puerperal sepsis (3), ectopic pregnancy (2), and uterine inversion (1). Timely admission would have helped most of these cases. In summation, the preventive measures which would help to lower maternal mortality are: 1) mass education about the need for antenatal care, 2) provision of good obstetrical service, 3) provision of quick transport, 4) adequate staffing of hospitals, 5) refresher courses for medical personnel, and 6) 24 hour blood transfusion service.
Specific immunofluorescent staining of pathogenic treponemes with a monoclonal antibody (1992)

Two hybrid cell lines which produced mouse monoclonal antibody to the DAL-1 street strain of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum were established. These monoclonal antibodies strongly reacted with T. pallidum subsp. pallidum (Nichols strain, DAL-1, and two other street strains, strains MN-1 and MN-3) and T. pallidum subsp. pertenue by indirect microimmunofluorescent antibody and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, but they did not react with normal rabbit testicular tissue. These monoclonal antibodies did not react with nonpathogenic treponemes, such as T. phagedenis Reiter, T. denticola MRB, T. refringens Noguchi, or other spirochetes, such as Borrelia burgdorferi and Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in microimmunofluorescent antibody smear slides or in Western blots (immunoblots). While unlabeled antibodies are useful for investigating the antigenic structures of T. pallidum, we labeled these monoclonal antibodies with fluorescein isothiocyanate and used them for diagnosing syphilis by direct staining of lesion exudate or T. pallidum subsp. pallidum in formalin-fixed tissues from patients suspected of having syphilis. Both monoclonal antibodies were directed against antigens of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum with a molecular weight of 37,000 as determined by the Western blotting technique.
Synthesis of vitamin‐K derivatives with different lengths of the alkyl side chain (1991)

Abstract The radical alkylation of 1,4‐naphthoquinone with various lengths of fatty acids [H(CH 2 ) n CO 2 H] in the presence of (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 and AgNO 3 was studied. A simple and effective method was found for the synthesis of vitamin‐K derivatives with different lengths of alkyl side chain. Two types of vitamin‐K derivatives were synthesized. The first type, 2‐alkyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinones, was synthesized by a single step of radical alkylation of 1,4‐naphthoquinone with different lengths of fatty acids. The second type, 2‐alkyl‐3‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinones, was synthesized by radical alkylation of 2‐methyl‐ 1,4‐naphthoquinone using the same reaction as for the first type, or by radical methylation of the first type. Our results show that the former method is suitable for the synthesis of long‐side‐chain ( n > 11; n , number of carbon atoms in chain of the fatty acid) vitamin‐K derivatives, whereas the latter method is better for the synthesis of short‐side‐chain ( n < 11) vitamin‐K derivatives. The structures of these newly synthesized vitamin‐K derivatives were identified by UV, IR, 1 H NMR and MS spectra.
An Approach for Hybrid Indoor/Outdoor Navigation (2017)

The wide availability of GPS-enabled devices has fueled the development of location-based applications. Among the most popular are navigation applications that guide users along their way. Due to the limited availability and precision of GPS in typical indoor environments, most navigation applications are limited to outdoor scenarios. To mitigate this, researchers and practitioners have been developing alternative systems to capture the position of a mobile device indoors. Using these systems, they clearly show that it is possible to provide precise location information at a reasonable cost. However, past applications in this domain have often focused exclusively on indoor scenarios.In this paper, we describe an approach to integrate the indoor and outdoor world to provide a seamless hybrid navigation experience. The approach builds upon our past work on indoor localization and integrates with our existing infrastructure for outdoor navigation that has been developed in the GAMBAS European research project. To evaluate the approach, we present data gathered from a real-world deployment as part of the SIMON European research project.