gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative examination of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma patients (1999)

BACKGROUND Routine histologic examination of axillary sentinel lymph nodes predicts axillary lymph node status and may spare patients with breast carcinoma axillary lymph node dissection. To avoid the need for two separate surgical sessions, the results of sentinel lymph node examination should be available intraoperatively. However, routine frozen-section examination of sentinel lymph nodes is liable to yield false-negative results. This study was conducted to ascertain whether extensive intraoperative examination of sentinel lymph nodes by frozen section examination would attain a sensitivity comparable to that obtained by routine histologic examination without intraoperative frozen section examination. METHODS In a consecutive series of 155 clinically lymph node negative breast carcinoma patients, the axillary sentinel lymph nodes were examined intraoperatively, before complete axillary lymph node dissection. The frozen sentinel lymph nodes were sectioned subserially at 50-μm intervals. For each level, one section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the other section immunostained for cytokeratins using a rapid immunocytochemical assay. RESULTS Sentinel lymph node metastases were detected in 70 of the 155 patients (45%). In 37 cases the sentinel lymph nodes were the only axillary lymph nodes with metastases. Immunocytochemistry did not increase the sensitivity of the examination. Five patients had metastases in the nonsentinel axillary lymph nodes despite having negative sentinel lymph nodes. The general concordance between sentinel and axillary lymph node status was 96.7%; the negative predictive value of intraoperative sentinel lymph node examination was 94.1%. CONCLUSIONS The intraoperative examination of axillary sentinel lymph nodes is effective in predicting the axillary lymph node status of breast carcinoma patients and may be instrumental in deciding whether to spare patients axillary lymph node dissection. Cancer 1999;85:2433–8. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Progress in Organic Chemistry. (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProgress in Organic Chemistry.Nelson J. LeonardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 7, 2032Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01636a110https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01636a110research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Disintegrator vectors for single‐copy yeast chromosomal integration (2007)

Vectors were developed for two-step chromosomal integration of reporter genes or expression constructs. With these vectors, integration produces a disruption of the ADE8, LYS2, MET15, LEU2, HIS3 or FCY1 genes, and integrants can be easily identified by replica-plating on selective media. Integration using these 'disintegrator' vectors produces a single-copy integration of the construct of interest at the junction of the marker deletion, and removes the additional plasmid sequences. Importantly, the integrated constructs do not contain flanking sequence duplications, and therefore should be highly stable. Each of the vectors was shown to reliably integrate a TEF1-KAN expression cassette and/or GAL1-HIS3 and STE12-LacZ reporter genes.
ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY METER MONITORS OXYGEN CONTENT OF LIQUID METALS (1961)

A device is described for continuously detecting and measuring gaseous impurities, mainly O but including C and H, entrained in liquid metals (Na, NaK, etc.). The meter is sensitive to impurity changes of 1 ppm, and is insensitive to temperature changes. It operates on the principle that impurities increase the resistivity of the metal. Such an instrument is used in the Dounreay Fast Reactor.
Evaluation parameters for the alkaline fuel cell oxygen electrode (1985)

Studies were made of Pt- and Au-catalyzed porous electrodes, designed for the cathode of the alkaline H2/O2 fuel cell, employing cyclic voltammetry and the floating half-cell method. The purpose was to obtain parameters from the cyclic voltammograms which could predict performance in the fuel cell. It was found that a satisfactory relationship between these two types of measurement could not be established; however, useful observations were made of relative performance of several types of carbon used as supports for noble metal catalysts and of some Au catalysts. The best half-cell performance with H2/O2 in a 35 percent KOH electrolyte at 80 C was given by unsupported fine particle Au on Teflon; this electrode is used in the Orbiter fuel cell.
Relaxation of Rayleigh scattering in silica core optical fiber by heat treatment (2000)

This report describes the possibility of reducing Rayleigh scattering loss in a silica core optical fiber, which is believed to have realized its ultimate optical loss. The Rayleigh scattering measured for small fiber segments after heat treatment shows a clear reduction, and the time-dependent change in the scattering due to the heat treatment can be represented by a linear relaxation function. An examination of the relation between the relaxation time and the viscosity of the fiber indicates that the reduction due to the heat treatment is attributable to viscous relaxation in the glass structure of the fiber. Based on these results, an evaluation of the viscous relaxation by an in-line heat treatment during fiber drawing suggests that the Rayleigh scattering loss can be reduced by approximately 15%. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 83(12): 35–41, 2000
Modeling POMDPs for generating and simulating stock investment policies (2010)

Analysts and investors use Technical Analysis tools to create charts and price indicators that help them in decision making. Chart patterns and indicators are not deterministic and even analysts may have different interpretations, depending on their experience, background and emotional state. In this way, tools that allow users to formalize these concepts and study investment policies based on them can provide a more solid basis for decision making. In this paper, we present a tool we have built to formally model stock investment contexts as Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP), so that investment policies in the stock market can be generated and simulated, taking into consideration the accuracy of Technical Analysis techniques. In our models, we assume that the trend for the future prices is part of the state at a certain time and can be "partially observed" by means of Technical Analysis techniques. Historical series are used to provide probabilities related to the accuracy of Technical Analysis techniques, which are used by an automated planning algorithm to create policies that try to maximize the profit. The tool also provides flexibility for trying and comparing different models.
Silk fibroin sponges with cell growth‐promoting activity induced by genetically fused basic fibroblast growth factor (2015)

Transgenic silkworm technology has enabled the biological properties of silk fibroin protein to be altered by fusion to recombinant bioactive proteins. However, few studies have reported the fabrication of genetically modified fibroin proteins into three-dimensional spongy structures to serve as scaffolds for tissue engineering. We generated a transgenic silkworm strain that produces fibroin fused to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and processed the fibroin into a spongy structure using a simple freeze/thaw method. NIH3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts grown on bFGF-fused fibroin sponges proliferated and spread out well, showing half the population doubling time of cells cultured on wild-type fibroin sponges. Furthermore, the number of primary rabbit articular chondrocytes growing on bFGF-fused fibroin sponges was around five-times higher than that of the wild-type control at 3-days post cell-seeding. As the physical properties of wild-type and bFGF-fused fibroin sponges were almost identical, it is suggested that bFGF fused to fibroin retained its biological activity, even after the bFGF-fused fibroin was fabricated into the spongy structure. The bFGF-fused fibroin sponge has the potential for widespread application in the field of tissue engineering, and the method of fabricating this structure could be applicable to other recombinant bioactive fibroin proteins.
Radiatively cooled supersonic plasma jets generated in wire array z-pinches (2002)

Summary form only given. We will present experiments on the generation of a highly supersonic plasma jet by a convergent precursor plasma flow, produced by electrodynamic acceleration of plasma in a conical array of fine metallic wires (a modification of the wire array Z-pinch). Stagnation of the plasma flow on the axis of symmetry forms a standing conical shock, which effectively collimates the flow in the axial direction. The use of different materials (Al, Fe and W) show that a highly supersonic (M-20) and a well-collimated jet is generated when the radiative cooling rate of the plasma is significant. The interaction of this jet with different plasma targets is used for studies of hydrodynamic instabilities in decelerated plasma flow and the experimental results will be presented. The study of collisionless interpenetration of colliding plasmas is also possible in this system. Scaling of the jet parameters with the drive current from the present 1MA level will be discussed.
Randomized comparative trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus bleomycin and vincristine in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. International Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Study Group. (1998)

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin is an effective treatment for HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma with a higher response rate than the BV combination. It is well tolerated but more myelosuppressive.
Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Plate (1990)

Abstract The production and use of steel plate is aided by a system of standard designations and associated specifications defining composition, property, and performance ranges. This article contains an extensive amount of information on the designations and grades of plate products and how they are made. Although most steel plate is used in the hot-finished condition, some applications require one or more heat treating steps to mitigate imperfections and/or improve relevant qualities. The article discusses these interconnected factors as well as their impact on mechanical properties and critical fabrication issues, including formability, machinability, and weldability.
Size Distribution and Intermolecular Interaction of Laminin-1 in Physiological Solutions (2003)

The diffusion coefficient and hydrodynamic radius of laminin-1 (LN-1) in aqueous solutions were investigated by using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. The autocorrelation functions could be analyzed assuming two relaxation modes, fast and slow, with exponential decay. We primarily focused on the fast mode, because the mass of it represented 99% of the total mass. The unit corresponding to the fast mode had a hydrodynamic radius of 20.6 ± 0.5 nm in both tris- and MOPS-buffered solutions of 150 mM NaCl and pH 7.2 at 25 °C. Intermolecular interactions between these essential units were attractive, and the Hamaker constant in tris-buffered solution was estimated as 5.2 kBT according to DLVO theory. When the magnesium was added to the tris-buffered solutions, the attractive force strongly increased with increasing magnesium concentration. This change was not explained by the charge-screening effect of magnesium ions in the framework of the classical DLVO model.
Aggregate base residual stresses affecting geogrid reinforced flexible pavement response (2008)

Abstract This paper presents findings of an analytical study aimed at investigating the effects of unbound aggregate base residual stresses on the resilient response behaviour of geogrid reinforced flexible pavements. A finite element (FE) based mechanistic response model recently developed at the University of Illinois was used to predict critical pavement responses of unreinforced and geogrid reinforced flexible pavements. The nonlinear analyses performed in the base and subgrade also considered different horizontal compressive residual stress distributions introduced as locked-in initial stresses in the base course due to pavement construction and subsequent repeated traffic loading. The primary focus was to study effects of increased confinement and stiffening around geogrid on improved granular layer moduli and reduced critical subgrade vertical strains/stresses by assigning initial residual stresses around the geogrid tensile reinforcement in the FE pavement continuum analysis. An increase in horizontal confinement resulted in significant increases in the moduli of the base and subgrade layers in the vicinity of the geogrid reinforcement. The degree of structural benefit provided by geogrid reinforcement could be successfully quantified in the response analysis to show the commonly observed technical benefit of geogrids in the field. Keywords: GeogridFlexible pavementsBase reinforcementResidual stressMechanistic response modelingConfinement
Corporate Law: On the Margin - Continuous Disclosure and Margin Lending (2008)

This article briefly summarises some of the relevant disclosure rules imposed on an ASX listed entity and the penalties that may apply in the event that those rules are breached. It will then discuss the comments made about the operation of those rules by ASIC and the ASX in response to the situations involving Allco and ABC. Finally, it will be suggested that the experiences of these two companies help illustrate several important points about the operation of the ASX rules regarding continuous disclosure.
Catalytic dehydrogenation : a review of current processes and innovations (1995)

The continuing interest in catalytic dehydrogenation of alkanes is driven by the need for flexibility in refinery and petrochemical olefin supply/demand. The wide range of process options now avalable to users requires a deep understanding of the technology and process economics in order to advise in the most suitable option for duty. The article reviews current commercial dehydrogenation technologies and pilot plant developments. Furthermore it describes catalyst technologies for propane/isobutane and ethyl benzene dehydrogenation and outlines the limitations of current dehydrogenation technology
A Standard Testing and Calibration Procedure for Low Cost MEMS Inertial Sensors and Units (2008)

Navigation involves the integration of methodologies and systems for estimating the time varying position and attitude of moving objects. Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) are among the most widely used navigation systems. The use of cost effective MEMS based inertial sensors has made GPS/INS integrated navigation systems more affordable. However MEMS sensors suffer from various errors that have to be calibrated and compensated to get acceptable navigation results. Moreover the performance characteristics of these sensors are highly dependent on the environmental conditions such as temperature variations. Hence there is a need for the development of accurate, reliable and efficient thermal models to reduce the effect of these errors that can potentially degrade the system performance. In this paper, the Allan variance method is used to characterize the noise in the MEMS sensors. A six-position calibration method is applied to estimate the deterministic sensor errors such as bias, scale factor, and non-orthogonality. An efficient thermal variation model is proposed and the effectiveness of the proposed calibration methods is investigated through a kinematic van test using integrated GPS and MEMS-based inertial measurement unit (IMU).
Chemical vapor deposition of single-crystal films of cubic SiC on patterned Si substrates (1989)

Stacking faults of cubic SiC films grown on Si (100) were investigated by the electrolytic etching. We find an exponential reduction of the defect density with an increase of film thickness and the anisotropy in the density for the films on off-axis Si (100) substrates. The defect reduction along the offset direction 〈011〉 is explained from the atomic step effect limiting the length of stacking faults to smaller than the equilibrium value. In addition, the defects are eliminated by controlling the film thickness and the size of the growth area using patterned substrates. Since the defects in SiC are metastable, the film thickness required for defect-free crystal is larger than √2× the lateral dimension.
Physics and applications of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces and coatings (2013)

The terms superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity were introduced not very long ago, in 1996 and 2000, respectively. The former is used to describe exceptionally weak and the latter used to indicate strong interactions of materials and coatings with bulk water, controlled entirely by surface topography and material chemistry. An explosion of research on fabrication of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces and coatings was noticed almost immediately after the concepts appeared in the technical literature, with hundreds of reports now published annually. The interest in this new class of surfaces/coatings is driven by an emerging market for water-repellant, snow- and ice-phobic products and formulations, water antifogging screens, windows and lenses, antifouling coatings, microfluidic devices, coatings for enhanced boiling heat transfer, foils for food packaging and many other products. The popularity of this emerging subdiscipline of surface chemistry can also be attributed to uncomplicated fabrication technologies that can produce superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic surfaces and coatings, in addition to the simplicity of the testing techniques used, such as contact angle measurements. In this article, the physics behind superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic effects are reviewed and several examples of applications of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces and coatings are provided.
Salicylhydroxamic acid functionalized affinity membranes for specific immobilization of proteins and oligonucleotides. (2003)

Immobilization of proteins and other biological macromolecules on solid supports is a method suitable for purification or screening applications in life science research. Prolinx, Inc. has developed a novel chemical affinity system that can be used for specific immobilization of proteins and other macromolecules via interaction of two small synthetic molecules, phenyldiboronic acid (PDBA) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA). This report describes immobilization applications of activated microporous membranes that have been functionalized with SHA derivatives. These SHA-membranes exhibit high capacity and specificity for binding of PDBA-labeled nucleic acids and proteins. Conjugation of active protein with PDBA is performed in solution independent of the immobilization step on SHA membranes. The resulting PDBA-protein conjugate is immobilized directly without purification and retains biological activity. PDBA conjugates may also be released from these SHA-affinity membranes in a controlled manner. Capture and release of PBA-modified oligonucleotides is also demonstrated. SHA-membranes can be used as surfaces for microarrays, and are therefore compatible with high-throughput analyses. These properties make them useful for development of numerous preparative or screening applications.
Adrenomedullin dilates the pulmonary vascular bed in vivo (1994)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of adrenomedullin (ADM), a newly discovered peptide in normal human plasma, in the pulmonary and systemic vascular bed of the intact cat. Because pulmonary blood flow and left atrial pressure were held constant, changes in lobar arterial pressure directly reflected changes in pulmonary vascular resistance. Under conditions of resting (low) pulmonary vasomotor tone, intralobar arterial bolus injections of ADM-(1-52) and two truncated ADM sequences, ADM-(13-52) and ADM-(1-12), had little effect on baseline lobar arterial pressure. In contrast, when pulmonary vasomotor tone was actively increased by intralobar arterial infusion of U-46619, intralobar arterial bolus injections of ADM-(1-52) (10-3,000 ng) and ADM-(13-52) (10-3,000 ng) decreased lobar arterial pressure in a dose-dependent manner, whereas only the highest doses of ADM-(1-52) and ADM-(13-52) (1,000-3,000 ng) mildly decreased systemic arterial pressure. Under the same experimental conditions, injections of ADM-(1-12) had no effect on lobar arterial and systemic arterial pressures. The present data suggest that ADM-(13-52) or a similar ADM fragment is responsible for the marked pulmonary vasodilator activity of ADM-(1-52) in vivo.
Absorption and disposition of N-(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-N'-[2-(4-pyridinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]urea in rats and dogs. (1978)

Motivated by the close relation between real-time and fault tolerance, we investigate the foundations of a formal framework to specify and verify real-time distributed systems that incorporate fault tolerance techniques. Therefore a denotational semantics is presented to describe the real-time behaviour of distributed programs in which concurrent processes communicate by synchronous message passing. In this semantics we allow the occurrence of faults, due to faults of the underlying execution mechanism, and we describe the effect of these faults on the real-time behaviour of programs. Whenever appropriate we give alternative choices for the definition of the semantics.\nThe main idea is that making only very weak assumptions about faults and their effect upon the behaviour of a program in the semantics, any hypothesis about faults must be made explicit in the correctness proof of a program. Next we introduce two parameters in the semantics that restrict the way in which variables and communication channels can be affected by faults. These parameters provide an easy way to incorporate some interesting fault hypotheses within the semantics.
Maximum likelihood estimation of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves from continuously‐distributed data (1998)

We show that truth-state runs in rank-ordered data constitute a natural categorization of continuously-distributed test results for maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of ROC curves. On this basis, we develop two new algorithms for fitting binormal ROC curves to continuously-distributed data: a true ML algorithm (LABROC4) and a quasi-ML algorithm (LABROC5) that requires substantially less computation with large data sets. Simulation studies indicate that both algorithms produce reliable estimates of the binormal ROC curve parameters a and b, the ROC-area index AZ, and the standard errors of those estimates. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.