gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA‐DNA Hybridization on Nitrocellulose Filters (1974)

1. The kinetics of DNA‐DNA filter hybridization have been studied using model systems. The results suggest that two limiting reactions occur. a) When the hybridization reaction is fast ( i.e. with a DNA of low complexity such as phage T7 at ⋝ 5 μg DNA per filter) the reaction becomes controlled by the diffusion of DNA to the filter. This is shown by the increase in the reaction rate by shaking the hybridization vials, the inverse dependence of the rate on the molecular weight of the DNA in solution and its independence on the kinetic complexity of the DNA. b) When the hybridization reaction is slow ( i.e. with a DNA of high complexity or, for T7 DNA ⋜ 2.5 μg DNA per filter disc) the reaction is limited by the hybridization reaction itself. This is shown by the inverse relationship of the hybridization rate to the complexity of the DNA and the direct proportionality of initial rate to concentration. The reaction rate is independent of shaking. 2. The hybridization‐limited reaction shows two anomalies. The reaction is independent of the molecular weight of the DNA instead of the expected dependence on the square root of the molecular weight, and the calculated rate constant is nearly 10 times too low. We suggest that these anomalies result from inadequate accessibility of the DNA fixed on the filter. 3. Our results provide practical guide lines to minimize competing renaturation reactions in filter hybridization experiments.
Patchwork: allele-specific copy number analysis of whole-genome sequenced tumor tissue (2013)

Whole-genome sequencing of tumor tissue has the potential to provide comprehensive characterization of genomic alterations in tumor samples. We present Patchwork, a new bioinformatic tool for allele-specific copy number analysis using whole-genome sequencing data. Patchwork can be used to determine the copy number of homologous sequences throughout the genome, even in aneuploid samples with moderate sequence coverage and tumor cell content. No prior knowledge of average ploidy or tumor cell content is required. Patchwork is freely available as an R package, installable via R-Forge (http://patchwork.r-forge.r-project.org/).
A nonparallel hexrotor UAV with faster response to disturbances for precision position keeping (2014)

This paper presents a fully actuated UAV platform with a nonparallel design. Standard multirotor UAVs equipped with a number of parallel thrusters would result in underactuation. Fighting horizontal wind would require the robot to tilt its whole body toward the direction of the wind. We propose a hexrotor UAV with nonparallel thrusters which results in faster response to disturbances for precision position keeping. A case study is presented to show that hexrotor with a nonparallel design takes less time to resist wind gust than a standard design. We also give the results of a staged peg-in-hole task that measures the rising time of exerting forces using different actuation mechanisms.
Amplification and increased expression of alpha class glutathione S-transferase-encoding genes associated with resistance to nitrogen mustards. (1988)

Glutathione-dependent enzymes play a central role in the protection of cells from cytotoxic chemicals and have been implicated in the intrinsic and acquired resistance of tumors to cytotoxic drugs. We have generated a Chinese hamster ovary line resistant to bifunctional nitrogen mustards and in this report have characterized and isolated the protein that represents the major observable phenotypic difference between the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cell lines. This purified protein is shown to be an alpha class glutathione S-transferase comprising YcYc subunits and possessing a pI value of approximately 8.0. The intracellular level of the Yc subunit is elevated greater than 40-fold in the drug-resistant cell line, which could account for the increase in glutathione S-transferase (RX:glutathione R-transferase; EC 2.5.1.18) activity toward both 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and cumene hydroperoxide. Other glutathione S-transferase subunits within this gene family are also elevated. These changes are accompanied by a significant elevation in alpha class mRNA levels. Southern analysis indicates that the genes coding for these proteins are amplified 4- to 8-fold in the drug-resistant cell line. In addition, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [(5-glutamyl)-peptide:amino acid 5-glutamyltransferase; EC 2.3.2.2] activity is increased 3.6-fold in the drug-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line, which may explain the increase in cellular glutathione level. In this case no gene amplification was seen. These data indicate that gene amplification may be important in drug resistance toward alkylating agents and also that other enzymes in glutathione homeostasis are involved.
O-acetylation and de-O-acetylation of sialic acids (1989)

We have previously shown that radioactivity from [acetyl-3H]AcCoA is concentrated into isolated intact rat liver Golgi vesicles. The incorporated radioactivity occurred in acid-soluble and acid-insoluble components, and the acid-insoluble fraction included O-acetylated sialic acids (Varki, A., and Diaz, S. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 6600-6608). Nearly all of the protein-associated radioactivity was found to be in sialic acids alpha 2-6-linked to N-linked oligosaccharides on endogenous glycoproteins. Incubation of the vesicles with CMP-[3H]sialic acid resulted in labeling of a very similar group of glycoproteins. The 3H-O-acetyl groups were found at both the 7- and the 9-positions of N-acetylneuraminic acid residues at the end of the labeling reaction. Although 7-O-acetyl groups can undergo migration to the 9-position under physiological conditions, kinetic studies using O-acetyl-14C-labeled internal and O-acetyl-3H-labeled external standards indicate that during the labeling, release, and purification, negligible migration occurred. Studies with mild periodate oxidation provided further confirmation that O-acetyl esters are added directly to both the 7- and the 9-positions of the sialic acids in this system. The acid-soluble, low molecular weight component is released from the vesicles by increasing concentrations of saponin, and its exit parallels that of CMP-[14C]sialic acid taken up during the incubation. The vesicles themselves are impermeant to free acetate. However, even after short incubations, this saponin-releasable radioactivity was almost exclusively in [3H] acetate and not in [3H]acetyl-CoA. The apparent Km for accumulation of the [3H]acetate is almost identical with that for the generation of the acid-insoluble O-acetylated sialic acids. Most of this accumulation of free acetate is also blocked by coenzyme A-SH. Only a small portion arises from the action of an endogenous esterase on the 3H-O-acetylated sialic acids. Taken together, the results indicate that accumulation of free [3H]acetate occurs within the lumen of the vesicles in parallel with O-acetylation of sialic acids and is probably a product of abortive acetylation. It is not known if this reaction occurs in vivo. Permeabilization of Golgi vesicles to low molecular weight molecules with saponin does not alter the rate of acetylation substantially. Furthermore, double label studies suggest that the intact acetyl-CoA molecule does not gain access to the lumen of the vesicles. These results indicate that the acetylation reaction may have a different mechanism from previously described Golgi glycosylation reactions, wherein specific transporters concentrate sugar nucleotides for use by luminally oriented transferases.
Single display gamut size metric (2016)

To measure the relative gamut sizes of wide‐gamut displays, it is herein proposed that the CIE 1931 xy chromaticity diagram be used rather than the nominally perceptually uniform CIE 1976 u ′ v ′ chromaticity diagram. High correlations were found between the area‐coverage ratios in the xy diagram and the volume‐coverage ratios in the CIE 1976 L * a * b * color space for major standard wide‐gamut color spaces. It is also demonstrated herein that performing planimetry in the uniform u ′ v ′ diagram does not yield accurate relative display gamut sizes, even though the large sizes obtained using the u ′ v ′ diagram are often reported regardless of the fact that its uniformity is valid only when the luminance factor is constant. The single display gamut size metric using the xy diagram will facilitate the unbiased development of wide‐gamut displays.
Prevention of glucocorticoid‐induced bone loss in mice by inhibition of RANKL (2009)

Our findings indicate that RANKL inhibition by denosumab prevents glucocorticoid-induced loss of bone mass and strength in hRANKL-knockin mice.
Microsystems manufacturing via embossing of photodefinable thermally sacrificial materials (2004)

Substantial recent interest in microelectronics manufacturing has motivated significant work on non-traditional processes such as embossing-based lithography. This work has been generally limited to manufacturing conventional microelectronics, producing two dimensional patterned surfaces and structures. To date, little work has been done to produce microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which can require production of complex three-dimensional and possibly free standing structures. This paper reports a novel method for manufacturing three-dimensional microstructures that can be freely standing and/or fully released. The method involves the use of thermally sacrificial polymers, i.e. materials that can be cleanly decomposed to gaseous products upon heating at elevated temperatures. Such sacrificial polymers can be directly embossed and subsequently overcoated with a variety of materials including other polymers, dielectrics, semiconductors, and metals. Following the deposition of the overcoat layer, further processing can be performed on the overcoat layer (e.g. selective etching or deposition of additional materials). Finally, the entire structure is heated to the decomposition temperature of the sacrificial polymer which results in the “dry” removal of the sacrificial layer, thus releasing the desired structures. The various sacrificial materials that have been investigated are polynorbornenes and polycarbonates, and the overlayer materials include polyimides, silicon oxide, and metals. This paper discusses the various properties of these sacrificial materials, the printing and processing conditions for these materials, and the use of this method for the fabrication of a MEMS based microfluidic system with free standing and suspended obstructions. This novel manufacturing technique meets the needs of MEMS manufacturing in that it can produce three dimensional and free standing microstructures. It permits the fabrication of devices and systems in only a few process steps that would otherwise be either substantially more complicated or impossible to achieve. This process of coating, embossing, and overcoating can also be repeated to build-up complex multi-layered structures.
Modeling of a GaN-based light-emitting diode for uniform current spreading (2000)

The characteristics of the GaN/InGaN multiquantum-well light-emitting diode (LED) have been examined from the view point of uniform current spreading. By means of simple modeling, it was found that the current density and the length of the lateral current path through the transparent layer represent dominant parameters in determining uniform current spreading. In this regard, we studied the effect of current density on the reliability characteristics of the LED. We were able to significantly improve the electrical, optical, and reliability characteristics of the LED in terms of reducing the length of the lateral current path through the transparent layer.
The 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY 100635, ameliorates the cognitive impairment induced by fornix transection in the marmoset. (1996)

Fornix transection in the marmoset produces a specific pattern of cognitive deficits, notably a lack of ability to recall visuospatial tasks learnt preoperatively, and a deficit in acquiring new visuospatial tasks following transection. Previous work has shown that this learning impairment can be ameliorated by cholinergic agonists, suggesting that it occurs as a consequence of destroying the cholinergic projection from the vertical limb of the diagonal band to the hippocampus which runs through the fornix. We have now shown that this deficit in new learning can be significantly alleviated by the 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY 100635. This result supports the suggestion that 5-HT1A projections are inhibitory on the same target cells for which cholinergic projections are excitatory, and that loss of function in the target cells caused by loss of excitatory tone can be compensated by blockade of inhibitory tone. Since cholinergic loss in the hippocampus (and neocortex) occurs in association with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, these results suggest that 5-HT1A antagonists may have a role in the treatment of some of the cognitive symptoms of dementia.
Unexpected Reactivity of the 9-Aminoacridine Chromophore in Guanidylation Reactions (2007)

The 9-aminoacridine chromophore is an important building block of DNA-targeted chemotherapeutic agents. The success of 1-[2-(acridin-9-ylamino)ethyl]-1,3-dimethylthiourea as a carrier group in cytotoxic platinum-intercalator conjugates prompted us to explore the synthesis of an analogous guanidine-functionalized acridine. In a successful effort to generate such a derivative, various methods of guanidylation were employed, which demonstrate that the acridine C9-N9 linkage is highly susceptible to electrophilic and nucleophilic attack. The newly established reactivities provide efficient pathways to novel cyclic and spirocyclic acridine derivatives.
Impact of Virtualization on Management Systems (2003)

HP’s Utility Data Center (UDC) [1] is a prominent example of how applications are provided with virtualized storage and network resources. Systems like the UDC are on their way into enterprise IT infrastructures and will have impact on management systems. In this paper we review some of the implications virtualized resource environments have on management systems and what changes are needed in management systems to manage virtualized resources. In virtualized resource environments, applications are not installed on specific hardware instances. Instead, resources are provisioned dynamically to applications as needed. Resource instances may change frequently underneath applications, and vice versa, applications may migrate from one set of resources to another. Management systems must track changes based on information maintained in the virtualization layer. Currently, there is no integration between virtualization layers and systems managing virtualized resources. Furthermore, several assumptions break that are built into management systems today when management systems are applied in virtualized environments. We detail the broken assumptions and show principal solutions.
Energy conservation through recycling (1979)

A critical review of the literature is used to suggest best estimates of the energy savings due to recycling one tonne of a number of materials. the use of these estimates is demonstrated by a number of illustrative applications. Substantial energy savings may be made by recycling most metals or paper. the savings from reclaiming glass cullet are marginal, although there is considerable potential for energy conservation through the substitution of returnable for non-returnable bottles. the recycling of materials already saves some 5 per cent of the U.K. total energy requirement, and this contribution could potentially be doubled. the recovery of fuel products and/or materials from solid waste is also shown to be an attractive and efficient energy source.
PHOSPHONYLATION OF L-DOPA WITH SODIUM DIPHOSPHONATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION (2011)

Phosphonylation of 3',4'-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) has been achieved using inorganic diphosphonate (DP) in aqueous solution. The optimum condition for the phosphonylation of L-DOPA with DP is L-DOPA : DP = 1 : 10, pH 6 and 25 oC. 3'-Hydroxy-4'-phosphonyl-L-phenylalanine and 3'-phosphonyl-4'-hydroxy-L-phenylalanine were synthesized with the total yield of more than 62%. The phosphonylated products of L-DOPA were stable in neutral and acidic solution. The reaction mechanism of L-DOPA with DP was discussed.
Variability in RF‐induced heating of a deep brain stimulation implant across MR systems (2006)

The findings support previous observations that console-reported SAR does not constitute a reliable index of heating for elongated, conductive implants, such as the DBS hardware system tested. In contrast to our previous findings using a t/r body coil, the data presented here reveal marked differences between two MR systems using t/r head coils (the coil configuration was consistent with the implant manufacturer's imaging guidelines). J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Finding "Face" in the Preference Structures of Talk-in-Interaction (1996)

This article connects the concept of face to interactionally characterizable locations in conversation and to a specific speaking practice used there. I consider the relevance of the self/other distinction for the organization of some action sequences in order to locate face concerns in interactional terms. In conversation, next speakers ordinarily begin speaking at or near a place where the current speaker could be finished. Occasionally, however, participants do not wait for the current speaker to finish, but complete the current turn themselves. One systematic basis for this relaxation of turn-taking practices is found in a preference organization for alternative actions in conversation. The anticipatory completion of speaking turn by another speaker can be used to preempt an emerging dispreferred action and change it into the alternative preferred action. This preference structure includes a preference for agreement over disagreement, a preference for self-correction over other-correction, and a preference far offers over requests. A recipient's anticipatory completion of an ongoing speaking turn is one conversational practice that makes possible a preference relationship between asymmetrical (i.e., differently valued) action types, and furnishes a basis for the recognizability offace concerns.
The use of India ink as an optical absorber in tissue-simulating phantoms (1992)

In studies involving the propagation of light in tissues, phantoms consisting of separate scattering and absorbing components are often used. The optical properties of phospholipid emulsions have been studied extensively but the optical properties of particulate absorbers, such as Indian ink, have not been thoroughly investigated. A common and important assumption has been that ink acts as a perfect black-body absorber. The validity of this assumption has been examined. The results presented show that the optical attenuation coefficient of India ink has a significant scattering component, and it cannot be regarded as a pure absorber. The scattering component is due mainly to a small fraction of micron-sized particles. The non-negligible scattering can cause two types of error in optical phantom work if the ink is assumed to be a pure absorber: (i) it may lead to underestimation of the total phantom scattering if the concentration of ink is high in the scattering medium and, more importantly, (ii) it causes an overestimation of the absorption if this is determined, for example, using spectrophotometry or mu t measurement of the ink solution.
CERIC SULFATE AS A VOLUMETRIC OXIDIZING AGENT. I. PREPARATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF SOLUTIONS. DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCERIC SULFATE AS A VOLUMETRIC OXIDIZING AGENT. I. PREPARATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF SOLUTIONS. DETERMINATION OF CALCIUMH. H. Willard and Philena YoungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1928, 50, 5, 1322–1334Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1928https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01392a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01392a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views398Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ENHANCEMENT OF COLEMANITE FLOTATION BY ULTRASONIC PRE-TREATMENT (2012)

Ultrasonic treatment methods are widely used for surface cleaning purposes prior to application of flotation. In this study, enhancement possibility for colemanite recovery was investigated with use of an ultrasonic bath prior to flotation. Representative colemanite ore samples from Hisarcik and Espey open pit mines, located in Emet, Turkey were used for this purpose. Ultrasonic flotation experiments were carried out by using circularly shaped RK-106 model of ultrasonic bath with constant frequency and power, manufactured by Bandelin GmbH in Germany and Denver Sub-2A type flotation machine with an impeller speed of 1200 rpm and 1 cubic decimeter capacity. The reagent for colemanite flotation was Cytec-R825 with variable dosages during conventional and ultrasonic flotation experiments. The results showed that ultrasonic pre-treatment helps desliming and hence yields more borate recovery in floated part with lower borate content in tailing than under conventional flotation conditions by using similar reagent dosages.
[A study on the detection of apoptosis of hypertrophic scar and its related modulating factors]. (2001)

HS development might be related to the decrement of apoptotic fibroblasts and endothelial cells. ICE and Bcl-2 were possibly involved in the modulation of fibroblast and endothelial cell apoptosis in HS.
Characteristics of indium phosphide solar cells bonded on silicon (2002)

Indium phosphide solar cells were bonded on silicon substrates by applying a eutectic bonding method. The InP solar cell structure was first grown homoepitaxially on an InP substrate. Gold layers were deposited on top of the InP cell structure and on the Si substrate. These two samples were then put in contact with each other and the structure was heated to 400-500/spl deg/C so that eutectic alloys formed between Au and the semiconductor materials. When cooling the structure, these two samples stuck together. The InP substrate was then removed by selective etching. After the bonding process the solar cell devices were processed by using the standard photolithographic methods. These cells exhibited low leakage currents, quantum efficiencies almost identical to homoepitaxial InP solar cells and conversion efficiencies of 12.9% under AMO illumination and 16.5% under AM1.5 illumination, which are relatively high in comparison to heteroepitaxial InP solar cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>