gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of low-voltage current-limiting fuses to reduce arc-flash energy (2000)

Current-limiting fuses, in their current-limiting range, reduce the available short-circuit current and clear faults in one-half cycle or less. Available fuse test data, such as let-through I/sup 2/t and peak let-through current, is based upon single-phase bolted-fault tests at full voltage. Currently, there is no data available that relates single-phase current-limiting fuse test data with energy released by downstream three-phase arcs. A three-phase 600 V test program was conducted using Class L and RK1 fuses to determine the let-through arc energy and the incident energy produced 18 in away from a three-phase arc in a 20 in cubic box. Incident energy produced by the downstream arc is correlated with the degree of current limitation and fuse bolted-fault test data. The benefit provided by current-limiting fuses in reducing arc-flash energy is quantified.
"Du sollst nicht merken - dass Du arbeitest!" Das elfte Gebot? Psychoanalytische Anmerkungen zu einem Film über moderne Arbeitswelten (2015)

Ein neuerer Film über moderne Arbeitswelten ist der Ausgangspunkt für unsere psychoanalytischen Überlegungen, wie die Arbeitswelt sich in der Moderne zeigt. Dabei tauchen im Film Sequenzen auf, die in Organisationsberatungs- und Teamentwicklungsprozessen Anwendung finden und auf Instrumente der Beratung und des Coaching verweisen. Diese Filmsequenzen greifen wir in Auswahl auf und unterziehen sie einer kritischen Analyse.
Regulation of plant aquaporin activity (2005)

Accumulating evidence indicates that aquaporins play a key role in plant water relations. Plant aquaporins are part of a large and highly divergent protein family that can be divided into four subfamilies according to amino acid sequence similarity. As in other organisms, plant aquaporins facilitate the transcellular movement of water, but, in some cases, also the flux of small neutral solutes across a cellular membrane. Plant cell membranes are characterized by a large range of osmotic water permeabilities, and recent data indicate that plant aquaporin activity might be regulated by gating mechanisms. The factors affecting the gating behaviour possibly involve phosphorylation, heteromerization, pH, Ca 2 +, pressure, solute gradients and temperature. Regulation of aquaporin trafficking may also represent a way to modulate membrane water permeability. The aim of this review is to integrate recent molecular and biophysical data on the mechanisms regulating aquaporin activity in plant membranes and to relate them to putative changes in protein structure.
Dielectric and Electrode Thin Films for Stack-Cell Structured DRAM Capacitors with sub 50-nm Design Rules (2007)

TiO2 thin films with high dielectric constants (83 - 100) were grown on sputtered and atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) Ru electrode at a growth temperature of 250oC using the atomic- layer-deposition method. The as-deposited films were crystallized with rutile structure. Further improvements in the leakage current characteristics are achieved by proper doping of Al and Hf, thereby an equivalent oxide thickness (tox) ~ 0.6 nm with small enough leakage current density (1 x 10-7 A/cm2 at 0.8V) was achieved. These good properties are also realized from 3D structured hole-type capacitors. The rutile structured TiO2 films were also obtained from Ru electrode which is deposited by an ALD process using a newly developed noble precursor. In addition, it was confirmed that the Ru metal film step coverage on the capacitor hole structure with an aspect ratio of 17 is > 90 %. The thermal stability of the Ru electrode on severe 3D holes was improved with the adoption of hydrogen plasma process.
Synthesis of N-[[(substituted-phenyl)carbonyl]amino]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines with analgesic and hyperglycemic activity (1982)

A group of N-[(phenylcarbonyl)amino]1-2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines, 5, were synthesized to determine the effect that changes in aromatic substitution on the phenyl ring have on analgesic, hyperglycemic, and antiinflammatory activities. All of the N-[(phenylcarbonyl)amino]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines 5 exhibited potent analgesic activity, relative to morphine, irrespective of the position and physicochemical properties of the aromatic substituent. Pretreatment with naloxone did not alter the analgesic activity of the 4-fluorophenyl derivative 5P. N-[[(2-Fluorophenyl)-carbonyl]amino]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (5n) was one of the most active hyperglycemic agents, elevating blood glucose 213 and 127% at 2 and 4 h after a 100 mg/kg po dose. Incorporation of aromatic substituents into the 3 and 4 positions of 1 abolished antiinflammatory activity.
On needles of rutile in the test of Bathysiphon argenteus (1928)

Some years ago I was offered a few slides of foraminifera in exchange for a set of slides showing the dense minerals in the Hampstead Sands of which I had published an account. I made the exchange as one of the slides of foraminifera interested me very much. It was labelled ‶Bathysiphon? Earland Collection.″ I saw that the test contained large numbers of rutile needles, pointing to the habitat of the creature, which must be upon the surface of a disintegrating rutiliferous schist such as exists at Millport. I communicated with Mr Heron-Allen, an authority on foraminifera, who had kindly identified for me sundry Gromias and other foraminifera on which I had worked whilst they were alive, when at the seaside for the usual summer holiday. Mr Heron-Allen kindly sent me a copy of the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Vol. 31, where there was a description of Bathysiphon argenteus by Messrs Heron-Allen and Arthur Earland, from which it appears that the note of interrogation on Mr Earland’s slide had now been changed into ‶argenteus.″1 I think I cannot do better than quote what these gentlemen say about this interesting species at pp. 38-39 of their memoir. ‶Test free, minute, tabular, of a silvery lustre when viewed as an opaque object, flexible when living, rather brittle in a dry condition. Consisting of a very thin chitinous tube of nearly even diameter throughout but sometimes exhibiting a slight increase in diameter with growth. The tube is open at both extremities,
Nitrogen-Functionalized Cyclopentadienyl Ligands with a Rigid Framework:  Complexation Behavior and Properties of Cobalt(I), -(II), and -(III) Half-Sandwich Complexes (2001)

Reaction of 2-lithio-N,N-dimethylaniline with 2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentenone yields 1-[2-(N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadiene (2). As in 1-(8-quinolyl)-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadiene (1), the N-donor is connected to the Cp ring by a rigid C2 spacer. Co2(CO)8 reacts with 1 or 2 to give the CoI-dicarbonyl half-sandwich complexes 7 and 3, respectively. Irradiation leads to the binuclear complexes 4 and 8 with a Co−Co double bond. Oxidation of 3 or 7a is possible with iodine. Whereas 7a directly forms the CoIII complex 9 with coordination of the quinoline to the metal, 3 yields the monocarbonyldiiodo complex 5. Upon gentle heating in dichloromethane, 5 loses carbon monoxide to give the cobalt complex 6, displaying intramolecular nitrogen coordination. Reaction of the dimethylaniline-substituted cyclopentadienide 10 with CoCl2 yields the CoII complex 11. The CoIII complex 6 and the CoII complex 11 were treated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) and gave low-activity catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene.
Members of the Merozoite Surface Protein 7 Family with Similar Expression Patterns Differ in Ability To Protect against<i>Plasmodium yoelii</i>Malaria (2004)

Previously, we described the isolation of the Plasmodium yoelii sequence-related molecules P. yoelii MSP-7 (merozoite surface protein 7) and P. yoelii MSRP-2 (MSP-7-related protein 2) by their ability to interact with the amino-terminal end of P. yoelii MSP-1 in a yeast two-hybrid system. One of these molecules was the homologue of Plasmodium falciparum MSP-7, which was biochemically isolated as part of the shed MSP-1 complex. In the present study, with antibodies directed against recombinant proteins, immunoprecipitation analyses of the rodent system demonstrated that both P. yoelii MSP-7 and P. yoelii MSRP-2 could be isolated from parasite lysates and from parasite culture supernatants. Immunofluorescence studies colocalized P. yoelii MSP-7 and P. yoelii MSRP-2 with the amino-terminal portion of MSP-1 and with each other on the surface of schizonts. Immunization with P. yoelii MSRP-2 but not P. yoelii MSP-7 protected mice against a lethal infection with P. yoelii strain 17XL. These results establish that both P. yoelii MSP-7 and P. yoelii MSRP-2 are expressed on the surface of merozoites and released from the parasite and that P. yoelii MSRP-2 may be the target of a protective immune response.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Cinnamic Acid Esters (1996)

Cinnamic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were isolated from pineapple stems (Ananas comosus var. Cayenne). Twenty-four kinds of esters were prepared from these acids, alcohols and the components of Alpinia. Isopropyl 4-hydroxycinnamate (11) and butyl 4-hydroxycinnamate (12) were found to have almost the same effectiveness in antifungal activity against Pythium sp. at 10 ppm as that of the commercial fungicide iprobenfos (kitazin P).
Comparative antihypertensive effects of angiotensin II receptor antagonists. (1999)

Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system is recognized as an effective approach for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. It is possible to antagonize the effects of angiotensin II (AngII) by blocking its receptors, using nonpeptide receptor antagonists. Six angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) have been approved for the treatment of hypertension: losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, telmisartan, and eprosartan. These new drugs are highly selective for the AT1 receptor subtype and induce dose-dependent inhibition of the BP response to exogenous AngII. Numerous double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated that ARB are efficacious for treating mild, moderate, and severe hypertension. When compared with other classes of antihypertensive agents, ARB are as effective as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium antagonists, thiazide diuretics, and beta-blockers. One advantage of ARB as a class is their excellent tolerability and side effect profile. Several large clinical trials of ARB are now under way to demonstrate their benefits in hypertension, heart failure, and type II diabetic nephropathy.
Experiments with Teleterminals (1983)

In the fall of 1976, a series of experiments to explore the uses of a telephone with both voice and data capability was started. This paper describes the evolution, through five different models, ending with an integrated combination of a six button keyset with speakerphone, a full ASCII keyboard, and a 24 line by 80 character CRT display. There are 25 relabelable buttons around the display. Reasons are given for the various arbitrary choices which were made.
Mapping of the Low pH‐Sensitive Conformational Epitope of Rabies Virus Glycoprotein Recognized by a Monoclonal Antibody #1‐30‐44 (2003)

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) #1-30-44 recognized an acid-sensitive conformational epitope of rabies virus glycoprotein (G). The antigenicity of G protein exposed on the cell surface was lost when the infected cells were exposed to pH 5.8. By comparing the deduced amino acid sequence of G protein between the HEP-Flury strain and the epitope-negative CVS strain as well as the mAb-resistant escape mutants, two distant sites that contained Lys-202 and Asn-336 were shown to be involved in the epitope formation. Lys-202 is located in the so-called neurotoxin-like sequence, while Asn-336 is included in antigenic site III and is very near the amino acid at position 333, which is known to affect greatly the neuropathogenicity of rabies virus when changed. Consistent with this finding, antigenicity of a neurovirulent revertant of the HEP-Flury strain, in which Gln-333 of G protein was replaced by Arg, was also affected as shown by its greatly decreased reactivity with mAb #1-30-44 compared to that of the original avirulent HEP virus. Based on these results, we hypothesize that the neurotoxin-like domain and some amino acids in antigenic site III come into contact with each other to form a conformational epitope for mAb #1-30-44, and such a configuration would be lost when exposed to acidic conditions to perform a certain low pH-dependent function of G protein.
A novel aspirin prodrug inhibits NFκB activity and breast cancer stem cell properties (2015)

These results establish GTCpFE as a prototype for novel ASA-and fumarate-based anti-inflammatory drugs that: (i) are capable of targeting CSCs, and (ii) may be developed as chemopreventive or therapeutic agents in breast cancer.
On locating local earthquakes using small networks (1969)

abstract Mathematical instability in four-parameter least squares hypocenter solutions arises primarily from the fact that the four computed variables—origin time (T0), focal depth (h), latitude (θ), and longitude (λ)—are not strictly independent. Specifically, T0 exhibits a non-independent relationship with the geometric parameters. For small networks (&lt; 10–15 stations), the lack of independence between T0 and the other variables results in unstable least-squares solutions. This instability is manifest most clearly by the fact that different station subsets of the observational network produce significantly different solutions for the same earthquake. The instability can be eliminated by computing T0 independently for each station using the formula ( T 0 ) i = ( T p ) i − V k ( T s − p ) i V p , where Tp = P-wave arrival time, Vk = S-P velocity, Vp = P-wave velocity, and Ts-p = time interval between P and S arrivals. An average value of T0 can be obtained from the individually calculated origin times and the P-wave travel times calculated. The variables ϕ, λ and z are then computed by the usual least-squares procedure using P-wave travel times only. The method is iterative and an average T0 is recalculated in the course of each iteration. Fundamental properties of travel times within the Earth impose definite limitations upon the accuracy of the locations. Low values of the derivative dTp/dh at epicentral distances of a few degrees introduce a large uncertainty in focal depth, particularly for shallow (0–60 km) earthquakes. There is normally little error in epicenter, however, even for solutions in which depth is poorly determined. The dimensions and geometric configuration of the network in relation to the epicenter and the proximity of the epicenter to any one station are controlling factors in predicting the minimum uncertainty for any given hypocenter solution.
µ-Acetylide and µ-alkenylidene ligands in “click” triazole syntheses (2007)

In a computational investigation, dinuclear and tetranuclear copper acetylide complexes display both superior stability and higher reactivity in the CuAAC reaction than do mononuclear complexes due to favored dicopper(I,III) mu-alkenylidene fragments, instead of ring strain in a Cu=C=C intermediate.
Ontogenesis of oxytocin pathways in the mammalian brain: late maturation and psychosocial disorders (2015)

Oxytocin (OT), the main neuropeptide of sociality, is expressed in neurons exclusively localized in the hypothalamus. During the last decade, a plethora of neuroendocrine, metabolic, autonomic and behavioral effects of OT has been reported. In the urgency to find treatments to syndromes as invalidating as autism, many clinical trials have been launched in which OT is administered to patients, including adolescents and children. However, the impact of OT on the developing brain and in particular on the embryonic and early postnatal maturation of OT neurons, has been only poorly investigated. In the present review we summarize available (although limited) literature on general features of ontogenetic transformation of the OT system, including determination, migration and differentiation of OT neurons. Next, we discuss trajectories of OT receptors (OTR) in the perinatal period. Furthermore, we provide evidence that early alterations, from birth, in the central OT system lead to severe neurodevelopmental diseases such as feeding deficit in infancy and severe defects in social behavior in adulthood, as described in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Our review intends to propose a hypothesis about developmental dynamics of central OT pathways, which are essential for survival right after birth and for the acquisition of social skills later on. A better understanding of the embryonic and early postnatal maturation of the OT system may lead to better OT-based treatments in PWS or autism.
Heterogeneous nucleation of In particles embedded in an AI matrix (1990)

Abstract A hypomonotectic alloy of Al-7 wt% In has been manufactured by melt spinning and the resulting microstructure examined by transmission electron microscopy. The rapidly solidified hypomonotectic Al-7 wt% In exhibits a homogeneous distribution of facetted In particles embedded in an Al matrix, with average In particle sizes of 20–40nm depending upon the wheel speed during melt spinning. The In particles exhibit an orientation relationship with the f.c.c. Al matrix, which can be described as {111}A1 ‖ {111}in and (110)Al II (110)in, using a face-centred tetragonal representation for In. The In particles have a truncated octahedral shape bounded by {111}Al and {100}A1 facets. The equilibrium In particle shape, and therefore the anisotropy of solid Al-solid In and solid Al-liquid In surface energies, have been monitored as a function of temperature during in situ heating in a transmission electron microscope. The anisotropy of the solid Al-solid In surface energy is constant between room temperature and the In melting temperature, with the {100}Al surface energy being on average about 36% greater than the {111 }Al ‖ {111}In surface energy and 25% greater than the other {lll}Al surface energy. When the In particles melt, the {100}Al facets disappear and all the {111}Al surface energies become equal. The {111}A1 facets do not disappear when the In particles melt, and the anisotropy of the solid Al-liquid In surface energy decreases gradually from 1.25 to 1 with increasing temperature above the In particle melting temperature. The kinetics of In particle solidification have been examined by heating and cooling experiments in a differential scanning calorimeter. The In particle solidification is nucleated catalytically by the surrounding Al matrix on the {111}Al facetted surfaces, with an undercooling of 13 K and a contact angle of 27°.
Residues of E. coli topoisomerase I conserved for interaction with a specific cytosine base to facilitate DNA cleavage (2012)

Bacterial and archaeal topoisomerase I display selectivity for a cytosine base 4 nt upstream from the DNA cleavage site. Recently, the solved crystal structure of Escherichia coli topoisomerase I covalently linked to a single-stranded oligonucleotide revealed that R169 and R173 interact with the cytosine base at the -4 position via hydrogen bonds while the phenol ring of Y177 wedges between the bases at the -4 and the -5 position. Substituting R169 to alanine changed the selectivity of the enzyme for the base at the -4 position from a cytosine to an adenine. The R173A mutant displayed similar sequence selectivity as the wild-type enzyme, but weaker cleavage and relaxation activity. Mutation of Y177 to serine or alanine rendered the enzyme inactive. Although mutation of each of these residues led to different outcomes, R169, R173 and Y177 work together to interact with a cytosine base at the -4 position to facilitate DNA cleavage. These strictly conserved residues might act after initial substrate binding as a Molecular Ruler to form a protein-DNA complex with the scissile phosphate positioned at the active site for optimal DNA cleavage by the tyrosine hydroxyl nucleophile to facilitate DNA cleavage in the reaction pathway.
Use of Human Colostrum in the Management of Chronic Infantile Diarrhoea due to Enteropathogenic E. Coli Infection with Associated Intestinal Parasite Infestations and Undernutrition (1990)

This study reports the management of infants with chronic diarrhoea by colostrum feeding. Eight children with chronic diarrhoea, ranging from 9 months to 3 years of age and all from low socio-economic families, formed the basis of this study. They were undernourished and marasmic. Stool examination showed enteropathogenic E. coli in all eight cases, Ascaris lambricoidis in four, and Giardia lamblia in one. Patients with chronic diarrhoea, in whom no cause was found were excluded from this study. All eight patients were administered 20 ml fresh human colostrum daily for 7 days. In addition, those patients, who had giardiasis, received metronidazole treatment, while cases with ascariasis were given antihelminthic therapy irrespective of the groups they belonged to. Our results indicated effective antidiarrhoea action of colostrum in some patients with chronic diarrhoea of infective origin.
Quadrature Compressive Sampling for Radar Signals (2014)

Quadrature sampling has been widely applied in coherent radar systems to extract in-phase and quadrature ( I and Q) components in the received radar signal. However, the sampling is inefficient because the received signal contains only a small number of significant target signals. This paper incorporates the compressive sampling (CS) theory into the design of the quadrature sampling system, and develops a quadrature compressive sampling (QuadCS) system to acquire the I and Q components with low sampling rate. The QuadCS system first randomly projects the received signal into a compressive bandpass signal and then utilizes the quadrature sampling to output compressive I and Q components. The compressive outputs are used to reconstruct the I and Q components. To understand the system performance, we establish the frequency domain representation of the QuadCS system. With the waveform-matched dictionary, we prove that the QuadCS system satisfies the restricted isometry property with overwhelming probability. For K target signals in the observation interval T, simulations show that the QuadCS requires just O(Klog(BT/K)) samples to stably reconstruct the signal, where B is the signal bandwidth. The reconstructed signal-to-noise ratio decreases by 3 dB for every octave increase in the target number K and increases by 3 dB for every octave increase in the compressive bandwidth. Theoretical analyses and simulations verify that the proposed QuadCS is a valid system to acquire the I and Q components in the received radar signals.
A multi-resolution based approach for handwriting segmentation in gray-scale images (2002)

We present a new method to segment visual handwritten data in gray-scale images. In handwriting recognition, visual shapes are very important in improving the system's performance. We introduce a robust method for extracting visual shapes of handwritten data from a noisy background. We adopted a multi-resolution Marr-Hildreth (1980) based approach to correctly segment visual data in variable contrasted images. Encouraging results have been obtained on real data, from the CEDAR database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Free-Wilson analysis of the inhibitory effect of 4-substituted benzamidines on thrombin, plasmin and trypsin (author's transl)]. (1979)

Using the Fujita-Ban model, the authors studied the quantitative structure-inhibitory activity relationships of a series of 4-amidinophenyl compounds with regard to thrombin, plasmin and trypsin. A satisfactory specification of the inhibitory activities was obtained from activity increments of molecular segments.