gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Adaptable Peptide-Based Porous Material (2010)

Porous materials find widespread application in storage, separation, and catalytic technologies. We report a crystalline porous solid with adaptable porosity, in which a simple dipeptide linker is arranged in a regular array by coordination to metal centers. Experiments reinforced by molecular dynamics simulations showed that low-energy torsions and displacements of the peptides enabled the available pore volume to evolve smoothly from zero as the guest loading increased. The observed cooperative feedback in sorption isotherms resembled the response of proteins undergoing conformational selection, suggesting an energy landscape similar to that required for protein folding. The flexible peptide linker was shown to play the pivotal role in changing the pore conformation.
Improved energy detection with interference cancellation in heterogeneous cognitive wireless networks (2012)

Energy detection is the most popular method among spectrum sensing techniques due to its low implementation complexity. However, its performance will be severely degraded by the interference from other secondary users (SUs). In this paper, we first analyze the interference impact on the energy detection in a heterogeneous cognitive wireless network (HCWN). Then, we propose an interference cancellation based energy detection method, referred to as ICED, to combat the interference. Based on ICED, closed-form expressions of the false alarm probability and detection probability are derived for the local detection and the results are extended to the cooperative detection as well. Our analysis is validated by numerical and simulation results which show that the proposed ICED method can significantly improve the performance of energy detection when there exists an interference SU in the HCWN. We also observe that ICED can achieve higher detection probability than the energy detection without interference under certain conditions.
Synthesis of piperazine-2,5-diones related to bicyclomycin: 3-acetoxy-1,4-dibenzyl-3-[1-(2-methoxyethyl)- and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethenyl]piperazine-2,5-dione. 1. Route via acyclic intermediates (1983)

3-Acetoxy-1,4-dibenzyl-3-[1-(2-methoxyethyl)ethenyl]piperazine-2,5-dione (32) and its 2-hydroxyethyl analogue (46), which possess several of the structural features of the antibiotic bicyclomycin, have been synthesized by a route involving construction of the piperazine-2,5-dione ring at a late stage in the reaction sequence. Treatment of ethyl 3-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylglycidate with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid gives ethyl 2-acetoxy-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-butenoate (10), which is converted to the corresponding carboxylic acid by ethanolysis, hydrolysis, and reacetylation. This, on conversion to its acid chloride and reaction with N,N′-dibenzylglycinamide, gives 2-acetoxy-N-benzyl-N-(2-benzylamino-2-oxocthyl)-3-(2methoxyethyl)-3-butenamide (21). Compound 21, on hydrolysis and oxidation, gives the corresponding 2-oxo compound, which on treatment with magnesium isopropylcyclohexylamide followed by acetylation yields 32. Demethylation of 21 with alkylthiotrimethylsilanes gives the corresponding 2-hydroxyethyl compound, whose tetrahydropyranyl ether on subjection to the above reaction sequence gives the 2-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)ethyl analogue of 32. This, on hydrolysis, gives a 3: 1 mixture of compound 46 and a spiro compound formed by displacement of the acetoxyl group by the hydroxyl oxygen atom of 46.
Assembly of hybrid oligonucleotide modified gold (Au) and alloy nanoparticles building blocks. (2006)

An electrochemical sensor is built using vertically grown multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) micro-array to detect methanol concentration in water. This study is done for the potential use of the array as methanol sensor for portable units of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Platinum (Pt) nanoparticles electro-deposited CNTs (Pt/CNTs) electrode shows high sensitivity in the measurement of methanol concentration in water with cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement at room temperature. Further investigation has also been undertaken to measure the concentration by changing the amount of the mixture of methanol and formic acid in water. We compared the performance of our micro array sensor built with Pt/CNTs electrodes versus that of Pt wire electrode using CV measurement. We found that our Pt/CNTs array sensor shows high sensitivity and detects methanol concentrations in the range of 0.04 M to 0.10 M. In addition, we found that co-use of formic acid as electrolyte enables us to measure up to 1.0 M methanol concentration.
Implanted hair follicle stem cells form Schwann cells that support repair of severed peripheral nerves (2005)

The hair follicle bulge area is an abundant, easily accessible source of actively growing, pluripotent adult stem cells. Nestin, a protein marker for neural stem cells, also is expressed in follicle stem cells and their immediate, differentiated progeny. The fluorescent protein GFP, whose expression is driven by the nestin regulatory element in transgenic mice, served to mark the follicle cell fate. The pluripotent nestin-driven GFP stem cells are positive for the stem cell marker CD34 but negative for keratinocyte marker keratin 15, suggesting their relatively undifferentiated state. These cells can differentiate into neurons, glia, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, and melanocytes in vitro. In vivo studies show the nestin-driven GFP hair follicle stem cells can differentiate into blood vessels and neural tissue after transplantation to the subcutis of nude mice. Equivalent hair follicle stem cells derived from transgenic mice with beta-actin-driven GFP implanted into the gap region of a severed sciatic nerve greatly enhance the rate of nerve regeneration and the restoration of nerve function. The follicle cells transdifferentiate largely into Schwann cells, which are known to support neuron regrowth. Function of the rejoined sciatic nerve was measured by contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle upon electrical stimulation. After severing the tibial nerve and subsequent transplantation of hair follicle stem cells, walking print length and intermediate toe spread significantly recovered, indicating that the transplanted mice recovered the ability to walk normally. These results suggest that hair follicle stem cells provide an important, accessible, autologous source of adult stem cells for regenerative medicine.
Regioisomeric differentiation of mono-methoxy ring-substituted amphetamine and methamphetamine by GC-MS (2003)

The 2-, 3-, and 4-methoxyamphetamines and methoxymethamphetamines were prepared and analyzed by GC-MS. Regioisomerism at the aromatic ring in these compounds possess similar analytical properties. They show similar gas chromatographic retention properties on a column with phenylmethylsilicone (HP-5) stationary phase. The mass spectra for the underivatized amines are similar and fail to provide sufficient information to differentiate the ring regioisomers. Preparation of the pentafluoropropionylamide derivatives provides adequate GC resolution and distinct mass spectra that can be used to differentiate these regioisomeric amines.
A calmodulin-binding protein from<i>Arabidopsis</i>has an essential role in pollen germination (2003)

Calmodulin (CaM), a ubiquitous multifunctional calcium sensor in all eukaryotes, mediates calcium action by regulating the activity/function of many unrelated proteins. Although calcium and CaM are known to play a crucial role in pollen germination and pollen tube growth, the proteins that mediate their action have not been identified. We isolated three closely related CaM-binding proteins (NPG1, NPGR1, and NPGR2) from Arabidopsis. NPG1 (No Pollen Germination1) is expressed only in pollen, whereas the NPG-related proteins (NPGR1 and NPGR2) are expressed in pollen and other tissues. The bacterially expressed NPG1 bound three isoforms of Arabidopsis CaM in a calcium-dependent manner. To analyze the function of NPG1, we performed a reverse genetics screen and isolated a mutant in which NPG1 is disrupted by a T-DNA insertion. Segregation and molecular analyses of the NPG1 knockout mutant and a cross with a male sterile mutant indicate that the mutated NPG1 is not transmitted through the male gametophyte. Expression of NPG1 in the knockout mutant complemented the mutant phenotype. Analysis of pollen development in the knockout mutant by light microscopy showed normal pollen development. Pollen from NPG1 mutant in the quartet background has confirmed that NPG1 is dispensable for pollen development. However, germination studies with pollen from the mutant in the quartet background indicate that pollen carrying a mutant allele does not germinate. Our genetic, histological, and pollen germination studies with the knockout mutant line indicate that NPG1 is not necessary for microsporogenesis and gametogenesis but is essential for pollen germination.
Streamlined Synthesis of the Bippyphos Family of Ligands and Cross-Coupling Applications (2008)

We describe the efficient preparation of Bippyphos, 1. The key precursor to Bippyphos, 5, was prepared via a one-pot bromination of diketone 2 followed by alkylation with pyrazole and condensation with phenylhydrazine. Lithiation of 5 and trapping with di-tert-butylchlorophosphine afforded Bippyphos, 1. Using this approach we have prepared several derivatives of Bippyphos to probe the structure and activity relationships of this family of phosphine ligands. We also demonstrate the utility of these ligands in Pd-catalyzed amination reactions and other cross-coupling reactions.
Characterization and Modeling of Atomically Sharp Perfect Si:Ge/SiO<sub>2</sub> Interfaces (2006)

Using ab-initio calculations and atomic-resolution Z-contrast imag-ing and electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we show that oxidation of a germanium-implanted Si surface can produce an atomically-sharp interface with a band structure that seems to be more favor-able for use in electronic devices than the usually diffuse interface in Si/SiO 2 . Furthermore, we propose an ab-initio based Monte-Carlo model to simulate oxidation of SiGe alloys to better under-stand the formation of the sharp interface.
Encapsulation technologies for functional foods and nutraceutical product development. (2009)

Abstract In the recent past, there has been significant interest in research and development of smart functional foods that maximize therapeutic health benefits to consumers. However, the food and nutraceutical industry is increasingly facing challenges in incorporating bioactive and health-promoting ingredients into food and nutraceuticals for sustained bioactivity without compromising their bioavailability and biofunctionality. Protection of bioactivity and controlled release of ingredients at the right location and at the right time is a key functionality that can be provided by encapsulation technologies. This review gives an overview of the recent trends in the various encapsulation techniques, application of encapsulation in the delivery of micronutrients and probiotic micro-organisms in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Object oriented expert system estimates line ampacity (1995)

In a competitive power supply business environment, line ampacity predictions are required by electric power utilities for economic generation planning, system dispatching, contingency planning, security analysis, and for normal and emergency operation of electric power systems. The line ampacity system featured in this article calculates ampacity from general purpose National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts and does not require additional hardware on power lines. By designing the ampacity expert system with objects and rules, it can be easily implemented in small and large electric companies. The Line Ampacity System (LINEAMPS) is a PC/Windows-based, power-line ampacity, expert-system program for the estimation of line ampacity during steady-state, dynamic state, and transient conditions. It was developed by the application of artificial intelligence using object-oriented, knowledge-base design of the power line environment. The expert system provides hourly values of line ampacity up to 7 days in advance and is used for the operation, planning, and design of transmission and distribution lines at all voltages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of specific oligonucleotide probes for the identification and <i>in situ</i> detection of hydrocarbon‐degrading <i>Alcanivorax</i> strains (2001)

The genus Alcanivorax comprises diverse hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacteria. Novel 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide DNA probes (ALV735 and ALV735-b) were developed to quantify two subgroups of the Alcanivorax/Fundibacter group by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the conditions for the single-mismatch discrimination of the probes were optimized. The specificity of the probes was improved further using a singly mismatched oligonucleotide as a competitor. The growth of Alcanivorax cells in crude oil-contaminated sea water under the biostimulation condition was investigated by FISH with the probe ALV735, which targeted the main cluster of the Alcanivorax/Fundibacter group. The size of the Alcanivorax population increased with increasing incubation time and accounted for 91% of the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) count after incubation for 2 weeks. The probes developed in this study are useful for detecting Alcanivorax populations in petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortia.
The structure of an MDM2–Nutlin-3a complex solved by the use of a validated MDM2 surface-entropy reduction mutant (2013)

The p53-binding site of MDM2 holds great promise as a target for therapeutic intervention in MDM2-amplified p53 wild-type forms of cancer. Despite the extensive validation of this strategy, there are relatively few crystallographically determined co-complex structures for small-molecular inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction available in the PDB. Here, a surface-entropy reduction mutant of the N-terminal domain of MDM2 that has been designed to enhance crystallogenesis is presented. This mutant has been validated by comparative ligand-binding studies using differential scanning fluorimetry and fluorescence polarization anisotropy and by cocrystallization with a peptide derived from p53. Using this mutant, the cocrystal structure of MDM2 with the benchmark inhibitor Nutlin-3a has been determined, revealing subtle differences from the previously described co-complex of MDM2 with Nutlin-2.
Stratos: Virtual Middleboxes as First-Class Entities (2012)

Enhancing application deployments in today's clouds using virtual middleboxes is challenging due to the lack of network control and the inherent difficult in intelligently scaling middleboxes to cope with application demands. Our\nposition is that application and middlebox composition and scaling must occur in concert, and addressing the challenges that arise requires a framework that recognizes middleboxes as first-class entities. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of such a framework,called Stratos, that is targeted for immediate deployment over- or under-the-cloud today. In Stratos, tenants specify rich middlebox and application topologies using high-level abstractions, and desired middlebox traversals are realized using a novel distributed programmable data plane design. To avoid degradation in middlebox performance, middleboxes are automatically scaled using a greedy heuristic to meet application demands. Under-the-cloud deployments using network-aware flow distribution and placement provide further performance and scaling benefits. Our evaluation of an over-the-cloud deployment atop EC2 and simulation of an under-the-cloud deployment shows Stratos provides significant benefits to both tenants and\nproviders.
Measurement of CEA, TPA, Neopterin, CA125, CA153 and CA199 in Sera of Pregnant Women, Umbilical Cord Blood and Amniotic Fluid (1989)

The following tumor markers were determined in body fluids associated with pregnancy: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), neopterin, CA125, CA153 and CA199. CEA levels (cut-off 5.0 ng/ml) were not elevated during gestation, whereas TPA was above cut-off (85 U/l) in 98 out of 107 cases (range 40-408 U/l). TPA was significantly higher during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy than during the 1st and 2nd trimesters. 38.3% of CA125 measurements were slightly above the chosen cut-off of 35 U/ml, and the mean concentration was 33.5 +/- 16.2 U/ml. During delivery, 14 out of 21 values (67%) were elevated. Only 9.4% of CA153 values were elevated. CA199 and neopterin were also hardly ever above cut-off. In general, there was a wide scattering of individual values. With the exception of CA153 (neopterin not determined), high concentrations of CEA (maximum: 207 ng/ml), TPA (maximum: 1,565 U/ml), CA125 (maximum: 2,371 U/ml) and also CA199 (maximum: 1,533 U/ml) were found in amniotic fluid. The distribution in mixed cord blood was similar but with more moderate elevations and a lower incidence of levels above cut-off. Thus, none of these antigens is tumor specific. The term 'tumor-associated antigen' instead of 'tumor marker' is more appropriate. CEA, TPA, CA125 and CA199, but not CA153, are oncofetal antigens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Haemofiltration without substitution fluid. (1985)

Haemofiltration at its best is able to give excellent clearances of solutes in a wide molecular weight range, but the need of large amounts of reliable substitution fluid makes this technique too expensive for more widespread application. In order to give an 'adequate' treatment by a safe, well tolerated, effective and comparatively cheaper method, haemofiltration without substitution fluid (HWSF) has been carried out. This method, consisting of the regeneration of appropriate amounts of pure convected plasma water by highly permeable, high surface area dialysis membranes, has been utilised for several months in four patients, with encouraging clinical results.
Archaeology in Asia Minor (2010)

The disciplinary history of archaeology in Asia Minor has affected our understanding of its Prehistory in many respects. For this reason, considering the roots and development of the practice of archaeology in this territory is a central component of any synthesis of the prehistoric past. Here the general disciplinary history will be outlined, something that has often been lacking in synthetic studies on the archaeology of Asia Minor.
Influence of glucosamine on matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated equine chondrocytes (2003)

Glucosamine appears capable of pretranslational, and possibly also translational, regulation of MMP expression; data suggest a potential mechanism of action for chondroprotective effects of this aminomonosaccharide.
Maleyl esters of monoglycerides of saturated fatty acids (1983)

Abstract Esterification between maleic anhydride and monoglycerides of saturated fatty acid has been studied. The nature of reaction vessels, temperature and reaction time have been evaluated in view of the product distribution in the final product. Concentration of monoesters (half‐esters) diesters and dimers has been calculated and related to the reactants’ ratio, time and temperature of the esterification.
The complex seismic trace made simple (1998)

Many geophysicists find the complex seismic trace to be complex. With its Hilbert transforms and imaginary traces, the complex seismic trace may well seem unnatural, a kind of mathematical trick. Yet we geophysicists find Fourier transforms, with their complex exponentials and negative frequencies, natural and reasonable. This is because we intuitively understand what Fourier transforms are all about, but we often lack comparable understanding of complex traces. And without intuitive understanding the complex trace seems more difficult than it really is.
Effect of metal ions on the spectrophotometric determination of cyanogen chloride (1982)

The effects of metal ions on the colorimetric determination of cyanogen chloride with pyridine-pyrazolone and isonicotinic acid-pyrazolone methods were examined. Colors were allowed to develop at 25°C for 30 min after the color-producing reagent was mixed with the test solutions of metal ion and cyanogen chloride. In the presence of Cu (II) ion at higher concentrations beyond 2μg/50 ml, the initial blue color of the test solution faded gradually to red in pyridine method and to yellow-green in isonicotinic acid method. This interference could be eliminated by adding a EDTA solution in sufficient amounts to complex Cu (II) ion. EDTA was also used to prevent the formation of the precipitates of metal hydroxides under the colorimetric conditions. It was possible to determine cyanogen chloride in samples containing metal ions in concentrations up to 10 mg/50 ml for Cd (II), Co (II), Mn (II), Ni (II), Pb (II), and Zn (II), and up to 1 mg/ 50 ml for Cr (III) and Fe (II, III).
Research and Development on Gasification Technology of Organic Waste Material (OWM) by using Entrained-flow (2003)

To understand the behavior of the entrained-flow gasification of organic wastes, high calorie value polypropylene (PP) and low calorie value polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were gasified in a single nozzle type Drop Tube Furnace (DTF). In a small scale of gasifier, it is very difficult to obtain as high temperature as 1, 300°C with a low oxygen-carbon molar ratio as being done in larger scale than pilot plants, and it is necessary to operate in high oxygen-carbon molar ratio in order to maintain the reaction temperature 1, 300°C because the heat loss becomes significant in comparison with heating load in the furnace. When methane gas was introduced as an auxiliary fuel under the low oxygen-carbon molar ratio, the reaction temperatures was achieved over 1, 300°C and higher carbon gasification conversion than 80% was attained. The composition of the main gas produced by gasification was correlated by the shift reaction equilibrium at the temperature above 1, 250°C. Then the equilibrium constant, which was almost independent of the temperature in the range, could be approximated about 0.85.
Mammalian Steroid Hormones Are Substrates for the Major RND- and MFS-Type Tripartite Multidrug Efflux Pumps of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2006)

A steroid-hormone-dependent growth suppression was observed in Escherichia coli efflux-deficient backgrounds containing mutations in the major RND- and MFS-type tripartite multidrug efflux systems, AcrAB-TolC and EmrAB-TolC, respectively. In addition to their previously known natural steroid spectrum, which includes bile acids, both systems were shown to transport the hormones estradiol and progesterone, whereas hydrocortisone served as a substrate of only AcrAB-TolC. Furthermore, at least two other RND-type pumps, YhiV and AcrD, were capable of transporting such hormones when overexpressed on plasmid vectors (with some demonstrable specificity observed with AcrD). When this activity was examined in a wild-type background, cell-associated estradiol levels remained largely unaffected by competition with exogenous bile acids and hydrocortisone, in contrast to progesterone, which produced a significant modulation in estradiol uptake.