gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The N-acetyl-d-glucosamine repressor NagC of Vibrio fischeri facilitates colonization of Euprymna scolopes (2011)

To successfully colonize and persist within a host niche, bacteria must properly regulate their gene expression profiles. The marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri establishes a mutualistic symbiosis within the light organ of the Hawaiian squid, Euprymna scolopes. Here, we show that the repressor NagC of V. fischeri directly regulates several chitin- and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-utilization genes that are co-regulated during productive symbiosis. We also demonstrate that repression by NagC is relieved in the presence of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate, the intracellular form of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. We find that gene repression by NagC is critical for efficient colonization of E. scolopes. Further, our study shows that NagC regulates genes that affect the normal dynamics of host colonization.
Volatile Organic Compounds in Storm Water from a Parking Lot (2000)

A mass balance approach was used to determine the most important nonpoint source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in storm water from an asphalt parking lot without obvious point sources (e.g., gasoline stations). The parking lot surface and atmosphere are important nonpoint sources of VOCs, with each being important for different VOCs. The atmosphere is an important source of soluble, oxygenated VOCs (e.g., acetone), and the parking lot surface is an important source for the more hydrophobic VOCs (e.g., benzene). VOCs on the parking lot surface appear to be concentrated in oil and grease and organic material in urban particles (e.g., vehicle soot). Except in the case of spills, asphalt does not appear to be an important source of VOCs. The uptake isotherm of gaseous methyl tert-butyl ether on urban particles indicates a mechanism for dry deposition of VOCs from the atmosphere. This study demonstrated that a mass balance approach is a useful means of understanding non-point-source pollution, even for compounds such as VOCs, which are difficult to sample.
Activity of Physalin F in a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Model (2010)

The effects of physalin F (1), a steroid derivative purified from Physalis angulata, were investigated in models of collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice and allergic airway inflammation in BALB/c mice. Oral treatment with 1 or dexamethasone caused a marked decrease in paw edema and joint inflammation when compared to vehicle-treated arthritic mice. In contrast, treatment with 1 had no effect in mice with allergic airway inflammation caused by ovalbumin immunization, whereas dexamethasone significantly reduced the number of inflammatory cells and eosinophils in the broncoalveolar lavage fluid and in lung sections of challenged mice. To further demonstrate that 1 acts through a mechanism different from that of glucocorticoids, a nuclear translocation assay was performed of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) using COS-7 cells transfected with a plasmid encoding for a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-GR fusion protein. Untreated or treated cells with 1 had YFP staining mainly in the cytoplasm, whereas in dexamethasone-treated cells the YFP staining was concentrated in the nuclei. It is concluded that the mechanism of the immunosuppressive activity of physalin F is distinct from that of the glucocorticoids.
Torque-based recursive filtering approach to the recovery of 3D articulated motion from image sequences (2003)

In this paper we introduce a recursive filtering method to recover the 3D articulated motion from image sequences. In recursive filtering frameworks, the quality of the results heavily depends on the choice of state variables and the determination of the process model; which models a real object whose motion is to be estimated. Our approach employs robotics dynamics into the recursive filtering framework. And the key strategy is to incorporate joint torques into the model state variables. In addition, we assumed the variations of the joint torques are Gaussian noises. We describe how to integrate dynamics equations into Kalman filters, and with the experimental results our method is shown to be effective.
Optical dielectric function and infrared absorption of hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride films: Experimental results and effective-medium-approximation analysis (1990)

The optical dielectric function \ensuremath{\epsilon} (1.5--6.5 eV), ir absorption (400--4000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$), and film density have been measured for a series of hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride (a-${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathit{y}}$${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathit{z}}$) films deposited at 400 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C via rf plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for varying [${\mathrm{NH}}_{3}$]/[${\mathrm{SiH}}_{4}$] ratios R. From a detailed analysis of the ir and density results, the concentrations of Si-N, N-H, Si-H, and Si-Si bonds and of Si, N, and H atoms have been obtained for the films studied. An effective-medium-approximation analysis of the measured \ensuremath{\epsilon} based on the Si-centered tetrahedron model presented in the preceding paper has provided a more sensitive means of determining the concentration of Si-Si bonds in the films and has demonstrated that careful measurements of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{1}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{2}$ can serve as a useful probe of the bonding in these alloys. Approximately 9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{20}$ Si-Si bonds/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ have been found in N-rich films which are close in composition to silicon diimide, Si(NH${)}_{2}$, and these Si-Si bonds have been found to have a significant influence on both the optical energy gap ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{opt}}$ and the refractive index n of the films. New results obtained from the ir absorption measurements include the identification of (1) a shoulder near 1030 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ on the main 880-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ Si-N(s) band and (2) a weak absorption feature near 640 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ which is not hydrogen related. It has been found that the N-rich diimidelike films prepared here have very low porosities and are thermally stable up to 700 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, properties which will be important for their future applications.
Trends in Plantings and Production of Canning Fruits in Australia and Some Other Countries (1960)

Crop Production/Industries
Participatory Identification: Towards a Phenomenology of Audience Reception (1997)

This essay uses concepts of 'playful identification' and 'critical distancing' to explore television viewers' behaviour. In the resulting account, a distinction is made between identification of (a character or narrative), and identification with (an individual). The ludic involvement of consciousness effected by the latter, it is proposed, passes through three phases or 'moments': participation, prescription, and persuasion. Here, the emphasis is on the participatory phase, on the selectively creative processes of an audience's narrative building. The article considers Chinese-Australian (and Malaysian) viewers watching Western television, in particular an SBS drama the central character of which is an Asian immigrant. A focus group discussion is used to provide access to some conflicting interpretations of the program. The audience readings which emerge are structured by gendered oppositions between the participants. Assigned meanings bear witness to the social dynamics of the group. More generally, in the wake of cinematic psychoanalysis, the essay seeks to return televisual 'identification' to the attention of audience and academic alike.
Detection of the B waves in the oscillation of intracranial pressure by fast Fourier transform (1990)

Intracranial pressure (ICP) oscillation consists of a cardiac-induced component, a respiration-induced component and fluctuation of the base level of ICP. Lundberg reported three types of fluctuations of the base level of ICP with increasing ICP which were referred to as A, B and C waves. Computer algorithms for sampling, processing and displaying ICP data were investigated to depict the power spectrum of ICP oscillations by fast Fourier transform (FFT), thus enabling the B wave to be automatically detected. A power peak was found in the ICP power spectrum between 30 and 120 s, which corresponds to the frequency of the B wave. The maximum power, corresponding to the B-wave amplitude was above 0 dB. An appropriate sampling interval for FFT inputs was about 8 s for real-time processing of the ICP data. The mean ICP value was found useful for making the B-wave peak clearer by reducing the cardiac and respiratory components of ICP oscillations; the window function had no effect on B-wave detection in the ICP power spectrum.
The use of two reactive elements to optimize oxidation performance of alumina-forming alloys (2003)

Standard reactive element (RE) studies have characterized the behavior of single RE additions such as Y, La or Hf. However, several commercial alumina-forming alloys are “co-doped” with two or more RE additions which allows the total amount of RE dopant in the alloy to be reduced. The oxidation performance of both commercial and laboratory-made co-doped alloys shows better scale adhesion and/or slower scale growth rates than comparable alloys with one RE addition. Characterization of the alumina scales showed no significant change in the grain structure with co-doping; however, as the total RE addition was reduced in co-doped alloys, a smaller volume of RE-rich oxides was observed within the scale. Quantification of the amount of RE ionic segregation on alumina scale grain boundaries formed on single doped and co-doped alloys showed similar amounts of segregation.
Rejection of Unknown Periodic Disturbances in Magnetic Hard Disk Drives (2007)

The magnetic hard disk drive (HDD) has become a cost-effective means to meet the expanding demands for large data storage capacities in portable electronic devices. A particular problem an HDD faces in such applications is periodic disturbances caused by different kinds of external forces. In this paper, an adaptive controller based on an algorithm proposed by Brown has been developed and applied to identify and reject unknown periodic disturbances in a mobile HDD. Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted and superior convergence properties of the proposed method are shown compared with a method taken from the literature called frequency chasing peak filter. It is found that the convergence rate of the proposed method is less susceptive to the error in the initial frequency estimate in the frequency range of interest. The effect of unaddressed frequency components on the convergence and performance of the controller is also discussed.
Effects of Temperature and pH on Hemoglobin Release from Hydrostatic Pressure-Treated Erythrocytes1 (1989)

The release of hemoglobin from human erythrocytes hemolyzed beforehand by hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, and freeze-thaw methods was examined as a function of temperature (0-45 degrees C) and pH (5.5-8.8) at atmospheric pressure. Only in the case of high pressure (2,000 bar) did the release of hemoglobin increase significantly with decreasing temperature and pH. Maleimide spin label studies showed that the temperature and pH dependences of hemoglobin release were qualitatively explicable in terms of those of the conformational changes of membrane proteins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins showed the diminution of band intensities corresponding to spectrin, ankyrin, and actin in the erythrocytes hemolyzed by high pressure. Cross-linking of cytoskeletal proteins by diamide stabilized the membrane structure against high pressure and suppressed hemoglobin release. These results indicate that the disruption of cytoskeletal apparatus by high pressure makes the membrane more leaky.
Random Reminiscences of Men and Events (1909)

REMINISCENCESefficiently accept and take advantage of its opportunities.How often we discussed those trying ques- tions!Some of us wanted to jump at once into big expenditures, and others to keep to more moderate ones.It was usually a compromise, but one at a time we took these matters up and settled them, never going as fast as the most progressive ones wished, nor quite so carefully as the conservatives desired, but always made the vote unanimous in the end. THE JOY OF ACHIEVEMENTThe part played by one of my earliest part- ners, Mr. H.M. Flagler, was always an inspira- tion to me.He invariably wanted to go ahead and accomplish great projects of all kinds, he was always on the active side of every question, and to his wonderful energy is due much of the rapid progress of the company in the early days.It was to be expected of such a man that he should fulfil his destiny by working out some great problems at a time when most men want to retire to a comfortable life of ease.This would not appeal to my old friend.He under- took, single handed, the task of building up the East Coast of Florida.
Human Action Forecasting by Learning Task Grammars (2017)

For effective human-robot interaction, it is important that a robotic assistant can forecast the next action a human will consider in a given task. Unfortunately, real-world tasks are often very long, complex, and repetitive; as a result forecasting is not trivial. In this paper, we propose a novel deep recurrent architecture that takes as input features from a two-stream Residual action recognition framework, and learns to estimate the progress of human activities from video sequences -- this surrogate progress estimation task implicitly learns a temporal task grammar with respect to which activities can be localized and forecasted. To learn the task grammar, we propose a stacked LSTM based multi-granularity progress estimation framework that uses a novel cumulative Euclidean loss as objective. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed architecture, we showcase experiments on two challenging robotic assistive tasks, namely (i) assembling an Ikea table from its constituents, and (ii) changing the tires of a car. Our results demonstrate that learning task grammars offers highly discriminative cues improving the forecasting accuracy by more than 9% over the baseline two-stream forecasting model, while also outperforming other competitive schemes.
Evolutionary flight and enabling smart actuator devices (2007)

Recent interest in morphing vehicles with multiple, optimized configurations has led to renewed research on biological flight. The flying vertebrates - birds, bats, and pterosaurs - all made or make use of various morphing devices to achieve lift to suit rapidly changing flight demands, including maneuvers as complex as perching and hovering. The first part of this paper will discuss these devices, with a focus on the morphing elements and structural strong suits of each creature. Modern flight correlations to these devices will be discussed and analyzed as valid adaptations of these evolutionary traits. The second part of the paper will focus on the use of active joint structures for use in morphing aircraft devices. Initial work on smart actuator devices focused on NASA Langley's Hyper-Elliptical Cambered Span (HECS) wing platform, which led to development of a discretized spanwise curvature effector. This mechanism uses shape memory alloy (SMA) as the sole morphing actuator, allowing fast rotation with lightweight components at the expense of energy inefficiency. Phase two of morphing actuator development will add an element of active rigidity to the morphing structure, in the form of shape memory polymer (SMP). Employing a composite structure of polymer and alloy, this joint will function as part of a biomimetic morphing actuator system in a more energetically efficient manner. The joint is thermally actuated to allow compliance on demand and rigidity in the nominal configuration. Analytical and experimental joint models are presented, and potential applications on a bat-wing aircraft structure are outlined.
Transluminal, subselective measurement of coronary artery blood flow velocity and vasodilator reserve in man. (1985)

Assessment of coronary blood flow and the vasodilator reserve capacity of individual coronary arteries in the catheterization laboratory has been hampered by methodologic limitations. We have developed and validated a small Doppler catheter that can subselectively measure phasic coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV). In seven anesthetized calves, CBFV was varied from 0.1 to 5.7 times control CBFV. Changes in mean CBFV measured intraluminally by catheter in the left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries were similar to those measured simultaneously with an epicardial Doppler probe on the surface of the same vessel (n = 85, r = .95, slope = 1.04) and to changes in coronary sinus flow (n = 69, r = .97, slope = 1.06) measured with timed venous collections. Identical maximal coronary reactive hyperemic responses with the catheter present and absent in the artery being studied demonstrated that coronary obstruction by the catheter was minimal. Safety studies in six additional calves demonstrated that the catheter caused small changes in coronary endothelial permeability. Histologic studies revealed no endothelial denudation or thrombus formation. Stable phasic recordings of coronary blood flow velocity have been obtained in 58 of 70 patients studied. One of the 70 patients studied had abrupt coronary occlusion probably related to catheter-induced vasospasm. In 10 normal patients, intracoronary meglumine diatrizoate increased CBFV to 3.5 times that at rest (range 2.8 to 5.0). CBFV rose 5.0-fold after an intravenous infusion of dipyridamole (range 3.8 to 7.0). In each patient, dipyridamole produced greater vasodilation than meglumine diatrizoate. The time- and dose-response characteristics to dipyridamole infusion were heterogeneous, underscoring the advantage of continuous on-line measurement of CBFV in the measurement of vasodilator reserve. This method of measuring CBFV and assessing vasodilator reserve in the catheterization laboratory should facilitate studies of the coronary circulation in man.
Using Modified RECIST and Alpha-Fetoprotein Levels to Assess Treatment Benefit in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2014)

Tumor response as assessed by mRECIST differed from that by WHO criteria, with mRECIST possibly identifying true nonresponders with a poor prognosis. Many patients had AFP decreases correlating with tumor shrinkage, yet an association with long-term benefit was unclear. mRECIST and on-treatment AFP levels are being explored further with brivanib in HCC.
Improved Infra-Red Polarizer^1 (1947)

The original selenium polarizer has been found to suffer from two defects (1) the degree of polarization is not sufficiently high, and (2) the necessary dimensions become unwieldy. Both defects are overcome by resorting to two reflections from parallel selenium mirrors. The efficacy of this procedure is proved by a study of the dichroism of beryl. A discussion of selenium mirrors produced by vacuum distillation follows.
Negative Supercoiling Creates Single-Stranded Patches of DNA That Are Substrates for AID–Mediated Mutagenesis (2012)

Antibody diversification necessitates targeted mutation of regions within the immunoglobulin locus by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). While AID is known to act on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), the source, structure, and distribution of these substrates in vivo remain unclear. Using the technique of in situ bisulfite treatment, we characterized these substrates-which we found to be unique to actively transcribed genes-as short ssDNA regions, that are equally distributed on both DNA strands. We found that the frequencies of these ssDNA patches act as accurate predictors of AID activity at reporter genes in hypermutating and class switching B cells as well as in Escherichia coli. Importantly, these ssDNA patches rely on transcription, and we report that transcription-induced negative supercoiling enhances both ssDNA tract formation and AID mutagenesis. In addition, RNaseH1 expression does not impact the formation of these ssDNA tracts indicating that these structures are distinct from R-loops. These data emphasize the notion that these transcription-generated ssDNA tracts are one of many in vivo substrates for AID.
Dynamics of Long-Term Colonization of Respiratory Tract by<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Shows a Marked Increase in Hypermutable Strains (2004)

The persistence and variability of 188 Haemophilus influenzae isolates in respiratory tract of 30 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients over the course of 7 years was studied. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, DNA fingerprinting, and analysis of outer membrane protein profiles were performed on all isolates. A total of 115 distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles were identified. Ninety percent of patients were cocolonized with two or more clones over the studied period. A third of the patients were cross-colonized with one or two H. influenzae strains; 11% of the clones persisted for 3 or more months. Biotype, outer membrane protein profiles, and resistance profiles showed variation along the studied period, even in persisting clones. Four isolates (2.1%) recovered from 3 patients were type f capsulate, with three of them belonging to the same clone. beta-Lactamase production was detected in 23.9% of isolates while 7% of the beta-lactamase-negative isolates presented diminished susceptibility to ampicillin (beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin resistance phenotype). Remarkably, 21.3% of the H. influenzae isolates presented decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, which was mainly observed in persisting clones. Of the H. influenzae isolates from CF patients, 18 (14.5%) were found to be hypermutable in comparison with 1 (1.4%) from non-CF patients (P < 0.0001). Ten patients (33.3%) were colonized by hypermutable strains over the study period. A multiresistance phenotype and long-term clonal persistence were significantly associated in some cases for up to 7 years. These results suggest that H. influenzae bronchial colonization in CF patients is a dynamic process, but better-adapted clones can persist for long periods of time.
RBP45 and RBP47, two oligouridylate-specific hnRNP-like proteins interacting with poly(A)+ RNA in nuclei of plant cells (2000)

Introns in plant nuclear pre-mRNAs are highly enriched in U or U + A residues and this property is essential for efficient splicing. Moreover, 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) in plant pre-mRNAs are generally UA-rich and contain sequences that are important for the polyadenylation reaction. Here, we characterize two structurally related RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, referred to as RBP45 and RBP47, having specificity for oligouridylates. Both proteins contain three RBD-type RNA-binding domains and a glutamine-rich N-terminus, and share similarity with Nam8p, a protein associated with U1 snRNP in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion analysis of RBP45 and RBP47 indicated that the presence of at least two RBD are required for interaction with RNA and that domains other than RBD do not significantly contribute to binding. mRNAs for RBP45 and RBP47 and mRNAs encoding six related proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana are constitutively expressed in different plant organs. Indirect immunofluorescence and fractionation of cell extracts showed that RBP45 and RBP47 are localized in the nucleus. In vivo UV crosslinking experiments demonstrated their association with the nuclear poly(A)+ RNA. In contrast to UBP1, another oligouridylate-binding nuclear three-RBD protein of N. plumbaginifolia (Lambermon et al., EMBO J, 2000, 19:1638-1649), RBP45 and RBP47 do not stimulate mRNA splicing and accumulation when transiently overexpressed in protoplasts. Properties of RBP45 and RBP47 suggest they represent hnRNP-proteins participating in still undefined steps of pre-mRNA maturation in plant cell nuclei.