gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation inhibitors: Promising drug candidates for a wide variety of pathophysiologic conditions (2004)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases are involved in many aspects of regulation of cellular functions. Using NAD+ as a substrate, they catalyse the covalent transfer of ADP-ribose units onto several acceptor proteins to form a branched ADP-ribose polymer. The best characterised and first discovered member of this multiprotein family is PARP-1. Its catalytic activity is markedly stimulated upon binding to DNA strand interruptions, and the resulting polymer is thought to function in chromatin relaxation as well as in signalling the presence of damage to DNA repair complexes and in regulating enzyme activities. Moderate activation of PARP-1 facilitates the efficient repair of DNA damage arising from monofunctional alkylating agents, reactive oxygen species or ionising radiation, but severe genotoxic stress leads to rapid energy consumption and subsequently to necrotic cell death. The latter aspect of PARP-1 activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various clinical conditions such as shock, ischaemia-reperfusion and diabetes. Inhibition of ADP-ribose polymer formation has been shown to be effective, on the one hand, in the treatment of cancer in combination with alkylating agents by suppressing DNA repair and thus driving tumour cells into apoptosis, and on the other hand it appears to be a promising drug target for the treatment of pathologic conditions involving oxidative stress. In view of the existence of several members of the PARP family in mammalian cells, one has to be aware of possible side effects but also of a wide spectrum of potential clinical applications, which calls for the development of more specific inhibitors.
Decidual Control of Trophoblast Invasion (2016)

At the time of implantation, the trophoblast cells of the embryo adhere and then invade into the maternal endometrium and eventually establish placentation. The endometrium at the same time undergoes decidualization, which is essential for successful pregnancy. While the NK cells of the decidua have been implicated to play a key role in trophoblast invasion, few evidence are now available to demonstrate a pro-invasive property of decidual stromal cells. Secretions from decidualized endometrial stromal cells promote invasion of primary trophoblasts and model cell lines by activating proteases and altering expression of adhesion-related molecules. The decidual secretions contain high amounts of pro-invasive factors that include IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-13, IL-15, Eotaxin CCL11, IP-10 and RANTES, and anti-invasive factors IL-10, IL-12 and VEGF. It appears that these decidual factors promote invasion by regulating the protease pathways and integrin expression utilizing the STAT pathways in the trophoblast cells. At the same time the decidua also seem to secrete some anti-invasive factors that are antagonist to the matrix metalloproteinases and/or are activators of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. This might be essential to neutralize the effects of the invasion-promoting factors and restrain overinvasion. It is tempting to propose that during the course of pregnancy, the decidua must balance the production of these pro and anti-invasive molecules and such harmonizing production would allow a timely and regulated invasion.
Design for Improvement of Drop Impact Performance of Package-on Package (2007)

Package on Package is a packaging technology that one package is placed on top of another package to integrate different functionalities while still maintain same foot print size. Top package is normally for memory application while bottom package is for ASIC/RF application. PoP offers procurement flexibility, lower cost, avoiding KGD issues compared with system in package (SiP), stacked die etc. technologies. With the increasing demand of package-on-packages for telecommunication applications, some reliability issues have been raised. Such as warpage and solder joint reliability during thermal cycle and drop impact. In this paper, solder joint performance of PoP under drop impact was studied through FE modeling and experiment. It was found that the most critical solder joint is located at outmost corner of bottom packages. Failure occurs mostly at IMC of solder/PCB interface, followed by two interfaces of solder/substrate of top solder joints. Design guideline for improvement of drop impact performance was given. The knocking between bottom and top packages was also investigated. It showed that there is no knocking between bottom and top package if the gap between them is more than 10μm. The stress in solder joint was studied and it shows there is no significant difference even when there is knocking between two packages compared with large gap without knocking. The gap between two packages will affect solder joint formulation.
Design and implementation of a portable and extensible FTP to NFS gateway (2002)

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an to NFS gateway. The gateway exports an FTP file to NFS clients. Once this file system is mounted on a client machine, files and directories accessible through the protocol on any server on the Internet appear as local files on the machine's file system. All existing programs can then transparently access these files for both reading and writing. Both anonymous and authenticated access are supported.The gateway is implemented in Java and is thus platform independent. The design of the gateway allows Support for other file access protocols such as HTTP to be easily added. Performance experiments indicate an acceptable extra overhead while accessing files through the gateway.
Stage of Development Descriptions for Soybeans, <i>Glycine Max</i> (L.) Merrill<sup>1</sup> (1971)

We developed stage of development descriptions which we believe apply to all soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes grown in any environment. The descriptions apply to single plants or a community of plants and are precise and objective. Vegetative and reproductive development are described separately. Vegetative stages are determined by counting the number of nodes on the main stem, beginning with the unifoliolate node, that have or have had a completely unrolled leaf. Reproductive stages Rl and R2 are based on flowering, R3 and R4 on pod development, R5 and R6 on seed development, and R7 and R8 on maturation. The stage descriptions should enhance soybean research by standardizing descriptions of soybean plant development. The system also will be used by the soybean hail insurance industry for stage determination in adjustment of losses.
Hepatitis A, B, and A/B vaccination series completion among US adults: A claims-based analysis (2018)

Hepatitis A and B disease burden persists in the US. We assessed hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination series completion rates among 350,240 commercial/Medicare and 12,599 Medicaid enrollees aged ≥19 years. A vaccination series was considered as completed provided that the minimum interval between doses, as defined by the CDC, and the minimum number of doses were reached. We stratified completion rates by vaccine type (i.e. monovalent or bivalent) at initial vaccination for each cohort. In the commercial/Medicare cohort, the series completion rate was 32.0% for hepatitis A and 39.6% for hepatitis B among those who initiated with a monovalent vaccine, and it was 36.2% for hepatitis A and 48.9% for hepatitis B among those who initiated with a bivalent vaccine. In the Medicaid cohort, the series completion rate was 21.0% for hepatitis A and 24.0% for hepatitis B among those who initiated with a monovalent vaccine, and it was 19.0% for hepatitis A and 24.6% for hepatitis B among those who initiated with a bivalent vaccine. In conclusion, hepatitis A and B vaccination series completion rates were low, and appeared to be lower among Medicaid than among commercial/Medicare enrollees. Commercial/Medicare enrollees who initiated with a bivalent vaccine had higher series completion rates than those who initiated with monovalent vaccines - an observation that was not made among Medicaid enrollees.
A Selective Neighbor Caching Approach for Supporting Mobility in Publish/Subscribe Networks ? (2010)

Abstract. We present a selective neighbor caching approach for supporting mobility in publish/subscribe networks. According to the approach, a mobile’s subscriptions are transmitted to a subset of brokers that are neighbors of the current broker that the mobile is connected to. Our key contribution is the definition of a target cost function and an intelligent procedure for selecting the subset of neighbors. The advantage of our proposal is that it reduces the buffering costs, since not all neighbor brokers cache items, while still obtaining the gains of proactive caching, by caching items in a subset of neighbor brokers that a mobile has a high probability to connect to. 1
Globalisation and the Composition of Government Spending: An analysis for OECD countries (2006)

The ‘compensation’ and ‘efficiency’ hypotheses propose that globalisation affects both the total, 
and composition of public expenditures in quite different ways. Under the former economic 
insecurity leads to an expansion of the public sector and social expenditures, whereas under the 
efficiency hypothesis demands for lower taxes encourage a smaller public sector with greater 
emphasis on ‘privately productive’ spending. We test these hypotheses for a sample of OECD 
countries from 1980-1997. Using both the inward stock of FDI and openness as measures of 
globalisation we find no effect on the size of government, but that FDI significantly affects the 
composition of spending strongly supporting the compensation hypothesis.
Short-Term Feeding of Atherogenic Diet to Mice Results in Reduction of HDL and Paraoxonase That May Be Mediated by an Immune Mechanism (2000)

Short-term feeding (up to 7 days) of an atherogenic diet to C57BL/6 low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice did not result in decreased hepatic paraoxonase (PON) mRNA but caused a dramatic decrease in plasma PON activity and mass. The decreased activity and mass were temporally related to an increase in plasma and high density lipoprotein (HDL) lipid hydroperoxides and to a decrease in HDL cholesterol and native apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II). As the native apoA-I protein disappeared from the circulation, higher molecular weight forms of apoA-I appeared, some of which contained epitopes recognized by an antibody (EO6) that recognizes oxidized phospholipids. After mice consumed an atherogenic diet for 1 or 3 days, switching the mice to a low fat chow diet for 3 days resulted in a return to baseline levels of lipid hydroperoxides but only a small return toward baseline for HDL cholesterol, with no significant increase in apoA-I mass or PON activity and mass. After mice consumed an atherogenic diet for 3 days, switching to the chow diet for 3 days did not significantly alter the high molecular weight forms of apoA-I or the signal generated by EO6. In marked contrast, after mice consumed an atherogenic diet for 7 days, switching to the chow diet for 3 days resulted in a dramatic increase in native apoA-I to baseline levels, with virtual disappearance of the high molecular weight forms of apoA-I, including the form recognized by EO6. After mice consumed an atherogenic diet for 7 days, switching to the chow diet for 3 days also resulted in significant increases in HDL cholesterol and PON mass and activity, although baseline levels were not reached. IgG and IgM antibodies were found to be associated with apoA-I in control animals, were minimally decreased after the 3-day atherogenic diet, were dramatically decreased after the 7-day atherogenic diet, and returned to near or above baseline levels after a return to the chow diet for 3 days. We conclude that the atherogenic diet rapidly induces lipid hydroperoxide formation and apoA-I oxidation with the formation of high molecular weight forms of apoA-I. Concomitant with these changes in apoA-I levels, HDL cholesterol and PON activity and mass declined without changes in mRNA levels for apoA-I or PON, suggesting increased clearance of these altered HDL particles. We further conclude that between the third and seventh day of the atherogenic diet, an as-yet-unidentified mechanism for clearing the high molecular weight forms of apoA-I is induced and that this mechanism may be related to the clearance of immune complexes.
Effect of Phenolic Resin on Micropores Development in Carbon Foam with High Performance (2019)

A novel high-performance carbon foam (CF) was fabricated through the addition of phenolic resin (PR) into a coal tar pitch (CTP) based precursor. The effects of mass fraction of a PR additive on the crystalline structures, morphologies, compressive strength (σ) and thermal conductivity (λ) of resultant CF material were investigated systematically. Characterization showed a strong dependence of CF's performance from the composition and optical texture of the precursor, which were mainly depending on the polycondensation and polymerization reactions between PR and raw CTP. Comparing with the strength of pristine CF at 6.5 MPa, the σ of mCF-9 (13.1 MPa) was remarkably enhanced by 100.1%. However, the λ of mCF-9 substantially reduced to 0.9 m<sup>-1</sup>K<sup>-1</sup> compared with 18.2 W m<sup>-1</sup>K<sup>-1</sup> of pristine CF. Thus, this modification strategy to produce microporous CF materials from raw CTP provides a new protocol for the fabrication of high-performance carbon based materials.
Perspectives in Cell-Based Skeletal Tissue (2009)

Panetta, Nicholas J. MD; Gupta, Deepak M. MD; Longaker, Michael T. MD, MBA, FACS Author Information
Determining the temperature-dependent Flory interaction parameter for strongly immiscible polymers from block copolymer segregation measurements (1994)

We have determined the segregation of diblock copolymers of deuterated polystyrene (dPS) and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PVP) to a planar interface between the homopolymers using forward recoil spectrometry. The segregation isotherms, namely the interfacial excess versus its volume fraction in the homopolymer phase far from the interface, for the diblock copolymers were measured at several temperatures. Using a self-consistent mean field (SCMF) theory, one can fit the segregation data accurately if the Flory interaction parameter χ is treated as a fitting parameter. Using this scheme, the temperature-dependent Flory interaction parameter χ between PS and PVP was determined to be −0.033+63T(K. In contrast to this evaluation of χ which depends heavily on a model, we have shown that the isosteric heat of segregation qseg can be directly extracted from the experimental data. We demonstrate that the enthalpic portion of the Flory interaction parameter χH can be estimated directly from qseg, without recourse to a model of the segregation layer, and the χH from this direct method is in good agreement with that determined using the SCMF theory. These two methods provide a new approach for determining χ for strongly immiscible polymers.
Securely Hiding the Real Servers from DDoS Floods (2010)

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks still remains as one of the largest concerns for online businesses. Although an HTTPS compatible scheme is necessary for many online services, several previously proposed defense schemes fail to combine both HTTPS compatibility with practicality. In this paper, a novel defense architecture that blocks malicious traffic far from the protected servers is proposed. Protected servers are hidden inside a secure overlay network only accessible through a set of access-nodes (AN) with rate limiting and access control functionalities. Protected servers are required to provide at least one dummy public server as an initial connection step point. An experimental prototype is implemented and tested. Results show; system compatibility with e-commerce websites needs, also, the AN impact on the protected server performance is less than 10% reduction in file transfer throughput, in addition, the public server could survive attack rates more than 10 times higher than an ordinary server. Through discussion we demonstrate the system ability to protect the servers' resources from all attack types without sacrificing data integrity or confidentiality. To the best of our knowledge, we offer the first practical DDoS protection scheme fully compatible with HTTPS.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Discontinuous Reception for Energy Saving in 5G Networks (2019)

5G is expected to deal with high data rates for different types of wireless traffic. To enable high data rates, 5G employs beam searching operation to align the best beam pairs. Beam searching operation along with high order modulation techniques in 5G, exhausts the battery power of user equipment (UE). LTE network uses discontinuous reception (DRX) with fixed sleep cycles to save UE energy. LTE-DRX in current form cannot work in 5G network, as it does not consider multiple beam communication and the length of sleep cycle is fixed. On the other hand, artificial intelligence (AI) has a tendency to learn and predict the packet arrival-time values from real wireless traffic traces. In this paper, we present AI based DRX (AI-DRX) mechanism for energy efficiency in 5G enabled devices. We propose AI-DRX algorithm for multiple beam communications, to enable dynamic short and long sleep cycles in DRX. AI-DRX saves the energy of UE while considering delay requirements of different services. We train a recurrent neural network (RNN) on two real wireless traces with minimum root mean square error (RMSE) of 5 ms for trace 1 and 6 ms for trace 2. Then, we utilize the trained RNN model in AI-DRX algorithm to make dynamic short or long sleep cycles. As compared to LTE-DRX, AI-DRX achieves 69 % higher energy efficiency on trace 1 and 55 % more energy efficiency on trace 2, respectively. The AI-DRX attains 70 % improvement in energy efficiency for trace 2 compared with Poisson packet arrival model for λ = 1 / 20 .
Activation of Bovine Factor V by Thrombin and A Protease From Russell's Viper Venom (RVV) (1979)

In order to understand the function of activated factor V in the prothrombinase complex, we isolated the activation products obtained by action of thrombin and RVV-V on factor V and studied their functional properties. Factor V isolated from plasma by means of ion-exchange chromatography, a Ca-oxalate adsorption step and gelfiltration was homogenous in SDS-gelelectrophoresis (apparent MW 360,000, with and without reduction). Increase in factor V activity upon action by RVV-V is correlated with a single peptide bond cleavage, resulting in a 270,000 dalton and a 80,000 dalton component. Additional proteolysis of factor Va(RVV/V)’ by thrombin results in a further cleavage of the high MW component into peptides with MW's of 72,000, 94,000 and about 150,000 without a furth~r increase in factor V activity. Whereas none of the isolated peptides reveal factor Va activity, activity would be generated by a recombination in the presence of Ca2+ of the 94,000 MW or 270,000 MW component with the 80,000 component. Action of thrombin alone on factor V results in peptides of MW 72,000, 80,000, 94,000 and a peptide very rich in carbohydrate with an apparent MW of 150,000.
Variation in human T lymphotropic virus III (HTLV-III) antibodies in homosexual men: decline before onset of illness related to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). (1985)

Western blot analysis was used to document the development and changes in human T lymphotropic virus III (HTLV-III) antibody among Danish homosexual men followed longitudinally over three years. Reactivity against p15, p24, and p55 appeared earliest. After seroconversion the antibody concentration fluctuated, but in one instance a steady decline in banding intensity was seen during the 18 months before onset of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and throughout the remaining eight months of his life.
A dynamic aspect-oriented system for OS kernels (2006)

We propose a dynamic aspect-oriented system for operating system (OS) kernels written in the C language. Unlike other similar systems, our system named KLASY allows the users to pointcut not only function calls but also member accesses to structures. This feature helps the developers who want to use aspects for profiling or debugging an OS kernel. To enable this, KLASY uses a modified C compiler for compiling an OS kernel. The modified compiler produces extended symbol information, which enables a dynamic weaver to find the memory addresses of join point shadows during runtime. Since a normal C compiler produces only limited symbol information, other dynamic aspect-oriented systems for C have been able to pointcut only function calls. We have implemented KLASY for Linux with the GNU C compiler. Our experiments revealed that KLASY achieves sufficient execution performance for practical use. Our case studies disclosed that KLASY is useful for real applications.
Germ-line BRCA1 mutations in selected men with prostate cancer. (1996)

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among American men. Although the causes of prostate cancer are unknown, a family history of the disease is one of the strongest risk factors identified, to date. Men with an affected first-degree relative with prostate cancer have at least a two-to-three-fold-higher risk of developing the disease compared with men who have no such family history. Epidemiological observations also suggest a clustering of prostate and breast cancers in some families. More specifically, at least two studies suggest that inherited mutations in highly penetrant dominant genes such as BRCA1, which predisposes women to breast and ovarian cancers, may also be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in men. In a study of seven large Icelandic breast cancer families, two of which showed evidence of linkage to BRCA1, prostate cancer was found to be the second most frequent malignancy after breast cancer. Among presumed paternal carriers of mutant breast cancer gene alleles, 44% had a history of prostate cancer. Additional evidence regarding BRCA1 and prostate cancer risk comes from an analysis of 33 BRCA1-linked families. This cooperative study estimated a relative risk of prostate cancer of 3.33 (95% confidence interval 1.8-6.2) among men carryingmore » mutations compared with the general population. 26 refs., 3 tabs.« less
ANALYSE THE PERFORMANCE OF ENSEMBLE CLASSIFIERS USING SAMPLING TECHNIQUES (2016)

In Ensemble classifiers, the Combination of multiple prediction models of classifiers is important for making progress in a variety of difficult prediction problems. Ensemble of classifiers proved potential in getting higher accuracy compared to single classifier. Even though by the usage ensemble classifiers, still there is in-need to improve its performance. There are many possible ways available to increase the performance of ensemble classifiers. One of the ways is sampling, which plays a major role for improving the quality of ensemble classifier. Since, it helps in reducing the bias in input data set of ensemble. Sampling is the process of extracting the subset of samples from the original dataset. In this research work, analysis is done on sampling techniques for ensemble classifiers. In ensemble classifier, specifically one of the probability based sampling techniques is being always used. Samples are gathered in a process which gives all the individuals in the population of equal chances, such that, sampling bias is removed. In this paper, analyse the performance of ensemble classifiers by using various sampling techniques and list out their drawbacks.
Essential tremor cured by infarction adjacent to the thalamus. (1988)

Fig MRI (92 days after symptom onset) (inversion recovery technique). (a) Horizontal view [time ofrepetition (TR) 2080 ms, time of inversion (TI) 500 ms], (b) Left lateral sagittal view (10 mm from midline) (TR 2080 ms, TI500 ms), showing a small low intensity area at the head ofthe left caudate nucleus (arrows).