gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ethanol stress response and ethanol tolerance of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2010)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is traditionally used for alcoholic beverage and bioethanol production; however, its performance during fermentation is compromised by the impact of ethanol accumulation on cell vitality. This article reviews studies into the molecular basis of the ethanol stress response and ethanol tolerance of S. cerevisiae; such knowledge can facilitate the development of genetic engineering strategies for improving cell performance during ethanol stress. Previous studies have used a variety of strains and conditions, which is problematic, because the impact of ethanol stress on gene expression is influenced by the environment. There is however some commonality in Gene Ontology categories affected by ethanol assault that suggests that the ethanol stress response of S. cerevisiae is compromised by constraints on energy production, leading to increased expression of genes associated with glycolysis and mitochondrial function, and decreased gene expression in energy-demanding growth-related processes. Studies using genome-wide screens suggest that the maintenance of vacuole function is important for ethanol tolerance, possibly because of the roles of this organelle in protein turnover and maintaining ion homoeostasis. Accumulation of Asr1 and Rat8 in the nucleus specifically during ethanol stress suggests S. cerevisiae has a specific response to ethanol stress although this supposition remains controversial.
Clarification of Yeast Cell Suspensions by Depth Filtration (2005)

Depth filtration can be very attractive for initial clarification because of low capital costs and ease of operation. However, there is currently no fundamental understanding of the effects of the filter pore size and morphology on the overall capacity and filtrate quality. The objective of this study was to examine the flux, capacity, and filtrate turbidity of a series of depth filters with different pore size ratings and multilayer structures for the filtration of yeast cell suspensions. Data were analyzed using available fouling models to obtain insights into the flux decline mechanisms. Filters with small pore size provide high filtrate quality at low capacity, with the reverse being true for the larger pore sizes. The multilayer structure of commercial depth filters leads to improved performance, although the choice of layer properties is critical. The highest capacity was achieved using a multilayer filter in which the upper layer allows significant yeast cell penetration into the filter matrix but still protects the retentive layer that is needed for a high quality filtrate.
Design of PI+CI Reset Compensators for second order plants (2007)

Reset control is a special kind of nonlinear compensation that has been used to overcome limitations of linear time invariant, LTI, compensation. In recent works by the authors a new type of reset compensator, referred to as PI+CI, has been introduced. It basically consists of adding a Clegg integrator, CI, to a Proportional-Integral, PI, compensator, with the goal of improving the closed loop response by using the nonlinear characteristic of this element. It turns out that by resetting a percentage of the integral term of a PI compensator, a significant improvement can be obtained by considerably reducing overshoot percentage and settling time. This work is devoted to the extension of this previous work by deriving new tuning rules for second order plants with and without delay.
The Longest Polyene (2012)

A microwave assisted Wittig reaction allowed the synthesis, in good yields, of the longest polyene so far recorded with 27 conjugated double bonds. The synthesis of this stable, well-soluble polyene represents a noteworthy step in the direction of ultimate λ(max).
Trust in the Balance: Building Successful Organizations on Results, Integrity, and Concern (1997)

Acquire the best asset of allYour business is either enhanced by the presence of trust or held back by the presence of distrust. Robert Shaw gives conviction and advice to the leader who recognizes that trust becomes a performance multiplier only when the leader is prepared to go first. -- Craig E. Weatherup, president, PepsiCo, Inc.If you've never examined how trust affects your organization, maybe you should. In this engaging book, Robert Shaw moves past the right thing to do argument and focuses on trust as a critical issue successful managers cannot take for granted. He shows how lack of trust is compromising more and more organizations in today's highly competitive environment. And he offers a way out. Drawing on a variety of examples from real business situations, Shaw explains trust's increasing importance at four key levels: individual credibility, one-to-one collaboration, team effectiveness, and organizational vitality. He then provides an assessment survey to help you determine how you and your organization measures up trust-wise, and offers action steps for overcoming trust dilemmas such as those that arise during reinvention efforts. A vital handbook for leaders, change agents, and anyone interested in building high trust for high performance.
Locked rf Spectrometer for Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (1965)

A technique is described for locking a rf spectrometer to a pure quadrupole resonance signal. Since the quadrupole resonance frequency of a nucleus in a solid can be quite sensitive to changes in temperature and pressure, a quadrupole resonance signal is of potential interest in the measurement of these variables. The application of a locked rf spectrometer as a precise nuclear resonance thermometer is evaluated using the 35Cl resonance of KClO3 powder. The precision of this device as a thermometer is about ±0.002°K, and the system is capable of tracking a temperature change of at least 2°K/min. The locked quadrupole spectrometer appears to have promise as an absolute temperature standard.
Experimental Study of a Hybrid Electrohydrodynamic, Air-Assisted Liquid Atomizer (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Narrow size distributions, small droplets, the possibility of secondary atomization through electrostatic disruption, and enhanced dispersion from electrostatic forces are features of electrohydrodynamic atomization, which could increase atomization quality in spray combustion systems, thereby boosting their efficiency and performance. Unlike commercial atomizers currently used in combustion systems, electrospray devices carry the potential to produce these advantages with exceedingly low input energy. Studies have shown, however, that the droplet sizes produced by electrosprays increase with flowrate. In order to maintain high electrospray performance at high flow rates, a hybrid electrospray, air-assist nozzle has been developed, which combines the two atomization techniques and demonstrates high energy efficiency and good spray control. The results show that, for increasing liquid throughput, droplet sizes can be reduced with additional airflow, where the electrical input reduces the amount of required air.</div>
Conduction and relaxation of cations in dehydrated partially copper(II)-exchanged synthetic faujasites (1976)

The electrical conductivity and dielectric relaxation of dehydrated synthetic faujasites X and Y with various Cu2+-contents are measured at temperatures between ambient and 750 K and in the frequency range 200–3 × 106 Hz.The supercage cations are responsible for the conduction process. At exchange levels below 11–14 Cu2+ ions per unit cell these are Na+ ions. At higher exchange levels a low temperature and a high temperature conduction process are evident, due to Na+ and Cu2+ ions, respectively, in the supercages. The activation energies and entropies for Na+ conduction decrease with increasing Cu2+ in the small cages: 74–32 kJ mol–1 and –20 to –150 J mol–1 K–1, respectively. The activation energy and entropy for Cu2+ conduction are 120 ± 10 kJ mol–1 and –9 ± 13 J mol–1 K–1, respectively. They both decrease significantly in the presence of protons.In the experimental temperature and frequency ranges 3 relaxations were observed. In order of decreasing critical frequency at a given temperature they were assigned to (i) local migration of site III′ cations between two occupied sites II, (ii) cationic jumps confined to the sodalite cages and (iii) electrode polarizations. A model explaining the variation of the intensities of relaxation (i) and (ii) with degree of Cu2+-exchange and with the temperature is proposed.Excess Cu is present in an unidentified hydroxylated form and does not intervene in the ionic processes studied.
PMMA/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites Prepared by In‐Situ Bulk Polymerization (2006)

Abstract Summary: Dispersing surface‐modified zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) in methyl methacrylate (MMA) improves the free radical bulk polymerization process as well as the thermal stability of the formed polymer. Hydroxy groups available on the ZnO surface may induce a degenerative transfer. This suppresses the gel effect, which leads to a better control of the heat evolution during the late stages of polymerization. The formation of chains having vinylidene end groups and head‐to‐head links is suppressed, which shifts the onset of thermal decomposition to the regime where decomposition occurs by random chain scission. Thermal degradation profiles of PMMA and its composite with ZnO at 11 wt.‐%. magnified image Thermal degradation profiles of PMMA and its composite with ZnO at 11 wt.‐%.
Unwounded plants elicit <i>Agrobacterium vir</i> gene induction and T‐DNA transfer: transformed plant cells produce opines yet are tumour free (2005)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is well known to cause crown gall tumours at plant wound sites and to benefit from this plant association by obtaining nutrients called opines that are produced by these tumours. Tumourigenesis requires expression of the vir regulon in response to chemical signals that are thought to be released from wound sites. Here, we examine chemical interactions between A. tumefaciens and unwounded plants. To determine whether unwounded plants can release significant amounts of vir gene inducers, we constructed an A. tumefaciens strain carrying a PvirB-gfp fusion. This fusion was strongly induced by co-culture with tobacco seedlings that have been germinated without any intentional wounding. The release of phenolic vir gene inducers was confirmed by GC/MS analysis. We also constructed a strain containing the gfp reporter located on an artificial T-DNA and expressed from a plant promoter. A. tumefaciens efficiently transferred this T-DNA into cells of unwounded plants in the absence of exogenous vir gene inducers. Many cells of seedlings colonized by the bacteria also produced octopine, which was detected using a Pocc-gfp reporter strain. This indicates transfer of the native T-DNA. However, these transformed plant cells did not form tumours. These results suggest that successful colonization of plants by A. tumefaciens, including T-DNA transfer and opine production, does not require wounding and does not necessarily cause cell proliferation. Transformation of plant cells without inciting tumours may represent a colonization strategy for this pathogen that has largely been overlooked.
A parametrix construction for wave equations with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> coefficients (1998)

In this article we give a construction of the wave group for variable coefficient, time dependent wave equations, under the hypothesis that the coefficients of the principal term possess two bounded derivatives in the spatial variables, and one bounded derivative in the time variable. We use this construction to establish the Strichartz and Pecher estimates for solutions to the Cauchy problem for such equations, in space dimensions <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> .
Crotamine is a novel cell‐penetrating protein from the venom of rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus (2004)

Herein we report that crotamine, a small lysine- and cysteine-rich protein from the venom of the South American rattlesnake, can rapidly penetrate into different cell types and mouse blastocysts in vitro. In vivo crotamine strongly labels cells from mouse bone marrow and spleen and from peritoneal liquid, as shown by fluorescent confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Nuclear localization of crotamine was observed in both fixed and unfixed cells. In the cytoplasm, crotamine specifically associates with centrosomes and thus allows us to follow the process of centriole duplication and separation. In the nucleus, it binds to the chromosomes at S/G2 phase, when centrioles start dividing. Moreover, crotamine appears as a marker of actively proliferating cells, as shown by 5-BrdU cell-proliferation assay. Crotamine in the micromolar range proved nontoxic to any of the cell cultures tested and did not affect the pluripotency of ES cells or the development of mouse embryos.
Energy distribution of O− ions during reactive magnetron sputtering (2006)

Low, medium, and high energy O− ion populations were experimentally detected during magnetron sputtering of Al in an Ar∕O2 atmosphere. Based on calculations, the authors propose that nonsputtered O− ions originating from the target surface are accelerated in the cathode fall, while sputtered O− ions may be excluded as a significant contribution to the high energy ion population. Furthermore, the formation of medium energy O− ions is consistent with the notion of sputtered, in the cathode fall accelerated, and subsequently dissociated AlO− and AlO2− clusters. These findings may be of importance for understanding plasma energetics and growth involving electronegative species.
One-pot synthesis and magnetic properties of hollow Fe<sub>70</sub>Co<sub>30</sub>nanospheres (2007)

Hollow Fe70Co30 nanospheres have been prepared in aqueous solution with KBH4 as the reducing agent and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) as the stabilizing agent. The diameter of these spheres is about 100–200 nm and the shell thickness is about 15–20 nm. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, it was found that these hollow spheres formed via an in situ galvanic replacement reaction between iron nanoparticles and the cobalt cation. These hollow Fe70Co30 spheres exhibit surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption in the ultraviolet–visible spectrum. The magnetic properties of the as-prepared hollow Fe70Co30 nanospheres and of a sample annealed at 573 K were studied. Annealing the product can greatly enhance the saturation magnetization Ms and coercivity Hc.
Evaluation of a software requirements document by analysis of change data (1981)

We describe in this paper an effective data collection method for evaluating software development methodologies, from definition of the objectives of the data collection to analysis of the results. We show how the data analysis can answer questions with respect to how successfully the goals of the development methodology are met. The A-7 requirements document is used as an example. We provide the results of data analyses conducted partway through the A-7 flight software development cycle, and discuss the utility of information obtained by such partial analyses. Results from the study show that data collection is feasible and useful when performed as part of configuration control, that data distributions based on partial data provide useful feedback to the developers, and that the A-7 Requirements Document is easily maintained and changed.
Total syntheses of fully lipidated glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors of Toxoplasma gondii (2005)

Modular syntheses of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors of Toxoplasma gondii using a highly convergent strategy are reported.
Electrostatic Force-Assisted Nanoimprint Lithography (EFAN) (2005)

We present and demonstrate a novel imprint method, electrostatic force-assisted nanoimprint lithography (EFAN), where a voltage applied between a mold and a substrate generates an electrostatic force that presses the mold into a resist on the substrate. We have successfully used EFAN to pattern nanostructures in a photocurable resist spin-coated on a wafer, with high fidelity and excellent uniformity over the entire substrate, in ambient atmosphere without using a vacuum chamber. In initial tests without any process optimization, 100 nm half-pitch gratings with a residual layer thickness of 22+/-5 nm were imprinted across a 100 mm diameter wafer in about 2 s. Furthermore, numerical calculations show that the field magnitude experienced by the dielectric layers on the substrate is much less than their breakdown limit. Hence, EFAN is well suited for step-and-repeat nanoimprint lithography, and its simple operation can simplify and speed up multilayer alignment process.
Cdt1 and geminin are down‐regulated upon cell cycle exit and are over‐expressed in cancer‐derived cell lines (2004)

Licensing origins for replication upon completion of mitosis ensures genomic stability in cycling cells. Cdt1 was recently discovered as an essential licensing factor, which is inhibited by geminin. Over-expression of Cdt1 was shown to predispose cells for malignant transformation. We show here that Cdt1 is down-regulated at both the protein and RNA level when primary human fibroblasts exit the cell cycle into G0, and its expression is induced as cells re-enter the cell cycle, prior to S phase onset. Cdt1's inhibitor, geminin, is similarly down-regulated upon cell cycle exit at both the protein and RNA level, and geminin protein accumulates with a 3-6 h delay over Cdt1, following serum re-addition. Similarly, mouse NIH3T3 cells down-regulate Cdt1 and geminin mRNA and protein when serum starved. Our data suggest a transcriptional control over Cdt1 and geminin at the transition from quiescence to proliferation. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry localize Cdt1 as well as geminin to the proliferative compartment of the developing mouse gut epithelium. Cdt1 and geminin levels were compared in primary cells vs. cancer-derived human cell lines. We show that Cdt1 is consistently over-expressed in cancer cell lines at both the protein and RNA level, and that the Cdt1 protein accumulates to higher levels in individual cancer cells. Geminin is similarly over-expressed in the majority of cancer cell lines tested. The relative ratios of Cdt1 and geminin differ significantly amongst cell lines. Our data establish that Cdt1 and geminin are regulated at cell cycle exit, and suggest that the mechanisms controlling Cdt1 and geminin levels may be altered in cancer cells.
A New Class of Selected Ternary Pulse Transmission Plans for Digital Transmission Lines (1965)

Digital transmission lines consisting of cable media and regularly spaced self-timed reconstructive repeaters are being considered for the transmission of binary digital information, such as arbitrary combinations of digitized speech, television, and data. For transmission over the line, the binary information is coded into a sequence of symbols. The transmission code is referred to as the pulse transmission plan. Among the significant practical problems which must be considered in choosing the pulse transmission plan are: 1) minimization of performance dependence on source statistics, 2) repeater timing jitter performance, 3) dc wander of the pulse stream, and 4) in-service performance monitoring. A new class of selected ternary pulse transmission plans has been devised to combat these problems. Emphasis in this paper is placed upon a member of this class, paired selected ternary (PST), in which the binary sequence to be transmitted is framed into pairs and translated into appropriately selected pairs of three level pulses.
Preparation and characterization of antibodies to <i>o</i>‐phosphotyrosine and their use for identification of phosphotyrosine‐containing proteins (1984)

To facilitate the identification of phosphotyrosine (P-tyr)-containing proteins, rabbit polyclonal antibodies and mouse monoclonal antibody specifically reactive to P-tyr were prepared by hyperimmunizing the animals with P-tyr-conjugated bovine serum albumin or poly-L-lysine. As determined by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the antibodies reacted with P-tyr-conjugated target antigens but not with those conjugated with phosphoserine (P-ser) or phosphothreonine (P-thr). This immune reaction was strongly blocked by 2 mM P-tyr and phenylphosphate but not by P-ser or P-thr. The antibodies were capable of isolating, as the major P-tyr-containing components, a 170kd protein (most likely the EGF receptor) from EGF-stimulated, 32P-labelled A431 cells, and 130kd and 60kd proteins from Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-transformed chick cell lysate which had been labelled in vitro with gamma-32P-ATP. Immunofluorescent staining of RSV-transformed cells and A431 cells showed specific localization of P-tyr-containing proteins in the cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleolus-like structures. The results demonstrated the usefulness of the antibodies for identification or isolation of P-tyr-containing proteins.
Combining pitch-based inference and non-negative spectrogram factorization in separating vocals from polyphonic music. (2008)

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for separating vocals from polyphonic music accompaniment. Based on pitch estimation, the method first creates a binary mask indicating timefrequency segments in the magnitude spectrogram where harmonic content of the vocal signal is present. Second, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is applied on the non-vocal segments of the spectrogram in order to learn a model for the accompaniment. NMF predicts the amount of noise in the vocal segments, which allows separating vocals and noise even when they overlap in time and frequency. Simulations with commercial and synthesized acoustic material show an average improvement of 1.3 dB and 1.8 dB, respectively, in comparison with a reference algorithm based on sinusoidal modeling, and also the perceptual quality of the separated vocals is clearly improved. The method was also tested in aligning separated vocals and textual lyrics, where it produced better results than the reference method. Index Terms: sound source separation, non-negative matrix factorization, unsupervised learning, pitch estimation
Berechnung von Massenübertragungs‐Geschwindigkeiten bei gleichzeitiger chemischer Reaktion und Wärmeübertragung (1960)

Abstract Es wird ein allgemein anwendbares Verfahren zur Berechnung von Stoffübertragungsgeschwindigkeiten zwischen zwei Medien entwickelt, das neben seiner Allgemeingültigkeit auch befriedigende aerodynamische Grundlagen besitzt. Die Erweiterung beruht auf der Einführung von Massenkonzentrationen an Stelle von Molkonzentrationen.