gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Presenilin Mutations in Familial Alzheimer Disease and Transgenic Mouse Models Accelerate Neuronal Lysosomal Pathology (2004)

The neuronal lysosomal system is a major degradative pathway, induced by cell stress and closely linked to Alzheimer disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show that mutations of presenilin (PS) 1 and 2, which cause familial early-onset AD (FAD), induce more severe lysosomal system neuropathology in humans than does sporadic AD (SAD). Cathepsin D and B levels were higher in PS-FAD neocortex than in SAD and, unlike neurons in SAD, expressed higher levels of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor. Lysosomal pathology was also evident in more populations of neurons in PS-FAD brains, including the less vulnerable neurons in laminae II and IV and affected neurons contained high numbers of hydrolase-positive vesicular compartments with a broader range of abnormal morphology. In transgenic mice expressing mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPswe), introducing mutant PSI significantly upregulated the lysosomal system in neocortical and hippocampal neurons. This upregulation, though milder in severity, resembled that seen in human PS-FAD. Accumulation of hydrolases in dystrophic neurites in senile plaques was particularly strong, suggesting that amyloid deposition may be a stimulus for local mobilization of the lysosomal system. PS1 mice lacking the APPswe transgene also had a mild lysosomal response in some neuronal populations, which was not seen in the APPswe mice. Our findings suggest that presenilin mutations have amyloid-independent effects on the lysosomal system, which are synergistic with the lysosomal system pathology that is associated with beta-amyloid.
Improving reading capability of children with developmental dyslexia with a gaze-contingent display (2011)

Our research has received funding from the European Commission within the GazeCom project (IST-C-033816) of the FP6. All views herein are those of the authors alone; the European Commission is not liable for any use made of the information. Further support has been received from the Graduate School for Computing in Medicine and Life Sciences funded by Germany’s Excellence Initiative [DFG GSC 235/1]. Reading disabilities
The Reaction of Alkoxalylated Steroid Ketones with Dibenzoyl Peroxide. A Synthesis of 16β-Hydroxytestosterone (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Alkoxalylated Steroid Ketones with Dibenzoyl Peroxide. A Synthesis of 16β-HydroxytestosteroneGeorge R. Allen Jr. and Martin J. WeissCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 12, 4681–4682Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01059a528https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01059a528research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and <sup>31</sup>P nuclear magnetic resonance studies of chiral phosphines (1980)

The reaction of Li metal with alkyldiphenylphosphines generates the alkylphenylphosphide anions, which can undergo subsequent reactions with alkyl halides to give chiral phosphines (RR′R″P). The 31 P nmr chemical shifts have been measured for these phosphines, and show greater deviations from the values predicted by the first order additivity model than do those of more symmetrical phosphines (i.e., R 3 P and R 2 R′P). The shifts for these chiral molecules, and for a wide range of other phosphines, can be accurately predicted using a second order pairwise additivity scheme. The dependence of the observed and calculated chemical shifts upon electronegativity and steric factors is discussed.
Recovery and Purification of Crude Glycerol from Vegetable Oil Transesterification (2014)

AbstractThis article reviews the purification techniques involved in producing high-purity glycerol in the biodiesel industry. Utilization of glycerol by-products (contains less than 50 wt.% of glycerol and the remaining contents are water, salts, unreacted alcohol and catalyst) in biodiesel production affords greener and less costly processes. Research has focused on several purification steps that are capable of producing high-purity glycerol. Various new techniques for purifying glycerol promise better quality and lower cost and technologies are required to fulfil increasing worldwide demand. Neutralization, ultrafiltration, the use of ion exchange resins, vacuum distillation and other methods have been utilized in single or multiple stages. Recent studies have demonstrated that the combination of more than one technique produces high-purity glycerol (>99.2%). Purifications cost can be as low as 0.149 USD$/kg. For many applications, high-purity glycerol is more useful. In some cases, it is even necessary, particularly in the fields of hydrogen production, methanol production, pharmaceuticals and food additives.Keywords: Crude glycerolpurificationion exchange resinsseparation techniqueultrafiltrationvacuum distillation
Differential Regulation of p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase and Big Mitogen–Activated Protein Kinase 1 by Ischemia/Reperfusion and Oxidative Stress in Perfused Guinea Pig Hearts (1999)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate members of the Src kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily, including big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (BMK1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2). A potentially important downstream effector of ERK1/2 is p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK), which plays an important role in cell growth through the activation of several transcription factors, as well as the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. Previously, we showed that Src regulates BMK1 via a redox-sensitive signaling pathway. Because ROS are generated during ischemia and reperfusion after ischemia, we assessed the effects of these stimuli (H(2)O(2), ischemia, and reperfusion) in the activation of ERK1/2, p90RSK, Src, and BMK1 in perfused guinea pig hearts. H(2)O(2) (100 micromol/L) significantly activated all kinases. Ischemia alone stimulated p90RSK, Src, and BMK1 but not ERK1/2. These results suggest that p90RSK activation through ischemia occurs via a pathway other than ERK1/2. A role of Src in ischemia-mediated BMK1 activation was demonstrated through inhibition with the Src inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine. Reperfusion after ischemia stimulated both p90RSK and ERK1/2. In contrast, although ROS increase during reperfusion after ischemia, the activities of both BMK1 and its upstream regulator, Src, were markedly attenuated by reperfusion after ischemia. The activation of C-terminal Src kinase during ischemia but not during reperfusion suggests that the attenuation of Src and BMK1 activity by reperfusion was not regulated by C-terminal Src kinase activity. The antioxidant N-2-mercaptopropionylglycine completely inhibited ERK1/2 and p90RSK activation by reperfusion but only partially inhibited ischemia-induced Src and BMK1 activation. The present study is the first to show the coregulation of Src and BMK1 by reperfusion after ischemia, which we propose to occur via a novel, ROS-independent pathway.
The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Diabetic Nephropathy (2008)

Cytokines act as pleiotropic polypeptides regulating inflammatory and immune responses through actions on cells. They provide important signals in the pathophysiology of a range of diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Chronic low-grade inflammation and activation of the innate immune system are closely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its microvascular complications. Inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-1, IL-6, and IL-18, as well as TNF-alpha, are involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. In this context, cytokine genetics is of special interest to combinatorial polymorphisms among cytokine genes, their functional variations, and general susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. Finally, the recognition of these molecules as significant pathogenic mediators in diabetic nephropathy leaves open the possibility of new potential therapeutic targets.
Laboratory Studies and Mathematical Modeling of Urea SCR Catalyst Performance (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents the development of an analytical model that complements laboratory based experiments to provide a tool for Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) applications. The model calibration is based on measured data from <i>NOx</i> reduction performance tests as well as ammonia (<i>NH<sub>3</sub></i>) adsorption/desorption tests over select SCR catalyst formulations in a laboratory flow reactor. Only base metal/zeolite SCR samples were evaluated. Limited validations are presented that show the model agrees well with vehicle data from Environmental Protection Agency Federal Test Procedure (EPA FTP) emission assessments. The model includes energy and mass balances, several different NH<sub>3</sub> reactions with <i>NOx</i>, <i>NH<sub>3</sub></i> adsorption and desorption algorithms, and <i>NH<sub>3</sub></i> oxidation.</div>
Reactive Oxygen Species Stimulates Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand Expression in Osteoblast (2005)

It has been established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 or superoxide anion is involved in bone loss-related diseases by stimulating osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption and that receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) is a critical osteoclastogenic factor expressed on stromal/osteoblastic cells. However, the roles of ROS in RANKL expression and signaling mechanisms through which ROS regulates RANKL genes are not known. Here we report that increased intracellular ROS levels by H2O2 or xanthine/xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide anion stimulated RANKL mRNA and protein expression in human osteoblast-like MG63 cell line and primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells and calvarial osteoblasts. Further analysis revealed that ROS promoted phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/ATF2 and its binding to CRE-domain in the murine RANKL promoter region. Moreover, the results of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor KT5720 and CREB1 RNA interference transfection clearly showed that PKA-CREB signaling pathway was necessary for ROS stimulation of RANKL in mouse osteoblasts. In human MG63 cells, however, we found that ROS promoted heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) binding to heat shock element in human RANKL promoter region and that HSF2, but not PKA, was required for ROS up-regulation of RANKL as revealed by KT5720 and HSF2 RNA interference transfection. We also found that ROS stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and that PD98059, the inhibitor for ERKs suppressed ROS-induced RANKL expression either in mouse osteoblasts or in MG63 cells. These results demonstrate that ROS stimulates RANKL expression via ERKs and PKA-CREB pathway in mouse osteoblasts and via ERKs and HSF2 in human MG63 cells.
Fabrication of Micropores and Grooves on Aluminum by Laser Irradiation and Electrochemical Technique (2001)

Micropores and microgrooves were fabricated on aluminum specimens using anodizing, laser irradiation, and electrochemical techniques. In the fabrication of the micropores, aluminum specimens covered with anodic oxide film were irradiated with a pulsed Nd yttrium aluminum garnet laser (i) on open circuit or (ii) under anodic polarization in NaCl solution. The laser irradiation caused the formation of cone-shaped pores, while the laser irradiation under anodic polarization caused the formation of hemispherical pores. In the fabrication of microgrooves, successive procedures of anodizing, laser irradiation, reanodizing at the laser-irradiated area, and stripping of oxide film were carried out. Microgrooves with a 30 μm linewidth and 20 μm depth were obtained. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Benchmarking Micro-Blog Performance (2015)

This chapter outlines a content classification framework designed to categorize content from individual and group Twitter activity. Measurement of Twitter at the individual account level can support the analysis of individual use of Twitter, and, guide the use of the platform for commercial operations. Applying a pre-existing content classification framework allows for the consistent coding of Twitter timelines into one of the five categories, with an option to further refine into a series of sub-categories. This coding approach allows for the ongoing longitudinal measurement, benchmark and analysis of how individuals or groups use their social media accounts. This chapter also outlines the potential use of the classification framework as a planning tool for guiding content creation. This approach creates a two-stage process of planned content engagement and consistent content measurement metrics from a single framework.
Distributed sorting on local area networks (1988)

A straight-line-topology local area network (LAN) to which a number of nodes are connected either in series or in parallel is considered. A file F is arbitrarily partitioned among these sites. The problem studied is that of rearranging the records of the file such that the keys of records at lower-ranking sites are all smaller than those at higher-ranking sites. Lower bounds on the worst-case communication complexity are given for both the series and parallel arrangements, and algorithms optimal for all networks and files are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toward Successful Adaptation from Games to Films (2011)

최근 하나의 원천 콘텐츠가 다른 형태의 다양한 콘텐츠로 제작되는 사례가 빈번하다. 그러나 한번 성공한 콘텐츠가 다른 형태의 매체로 제작 되었을 때 과연 성공 할 수 있을까? 이에 대한 정확한 답을 하기는 어려울 것이다. 왜냐하면 다른 콘텐츠로 변환 되었을 때 해당 콘텐츠 특성에 대한 분명한 이해가 있어야 하기 때문이다. 이렇듯 성공한 게임 원작 영화가 극소수인 상황속에서 이러한 성공 요인에 대한 충분한 연구가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 영상과 서사적 측면에서 성공한 게임 원작 영화의 공통된 성공요인을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 그 결과 성공한 게임원작 영화는 영화적인 임팩트를 위한 단순화, 압축, 제거 등을 통해 스토리텔링에 성공한 각색이 있으며, 게임 아바타의 재현에 대한 충족감과 성공한 게임 본연의 매력 포인트를 잘 찾아 영화 문법에 잘 녹아들게 했다는 공통점이 있다. 본 연구는 성공한 게임 원작 영화의 사례를 통해 게임 원작 영화의 성공 요인을 분석하여 앞으로 제작될 영화들의 실패할 확률을 줄이는 데 기여하고자 한다.
In vitro formation of osteoclasts from long-term cultures of bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes. (1982)

The origin of osteoclasts was studied in an in vitro model using organ cultures of periosteum-free embryonic mouse long-bone primordia, which were co-cultured with various cell populations. The bone rudiments were freed of their periosteum-perichondrium by collagenase treatment in a stage before cartilage erosion and osteoclast formation, and co-cultured for 7 d with either embryonic liver or mononuclear phagocytes from various sources. Light and electron microscopic examination of the cultures showed that mineralized matrix-resorbing osteoclasts developed only in bones co-cultured with embryonic liver or with cultured bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes but not when co-cultured with blood monocytes or resident or exudate peritoneal macrophages. Osteoclasts developed from the weakly adherent, but not from the strongly adherent cells of bone marrow cultures, whereas 1,000 rad irradiation destroyed the capacity of such cultures to form osteoclasts. In bone cultures to which no other cells were added, osteoclasts were virtually absent. Bone-resorbing activity of in vitro formed osteoclasts was demonstrated by 45Ca release studies. These studies demonstrate that osteoclasts develop from cells present in cultures of proliferating mononuclear phagocytes and that, at least in our system, monocytes and macrophages are unable to form osteoclasts. The most likely candidates for osteoclast precursor cells seem to be monoblasts and promonocytes.
‘It's just like you talk to a friend’ relational agents for older adults (2005)

Journal Article 'It's just like you talk to a friend' relational agents for older adults Get access Timothy W. Bickmore, Timothy W. Bickmore ⁎ a Department of Medicine, Medical Information Systems Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA ⁎ Corresponding author. Present address: College of Computer and Information Science, 202 West Village H, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA. Tel.: +1 617 638 8170; fax: +1 617 373-5477. E-mail addresses:bickmore@ccs.neu.edu (T.W. Bickmore), lisa.caruso@bmc.org (L. Caruso), kmclough@bu.edu (K. Clough-Gorr), tch@bu.edu (T. Heeren). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lisa Caruso, Lisa Caruso b Department of Geriatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kerri Clough-Gorr, Kerri Clough-Gorr b Department of Geriatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tim Heeren Tim Heeren c Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Interacting with Computers, Volume 17, Issue 6, December 2005, Pages 711–735, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2005.09.002 Published: 30 September 2005
Progressive Subluxation and Polyethylene Wear in Total Knee Replacements With Flat Articular Surfaces (1994)

One hundred eighty-six Microloc tricompartmental, cruciate-sparing, primary total knee replacements in 136 patients were performed between 1983 and 1987. Femoral components were made of cobalt-chrome-molybdenum alloy. The tibial component baseplates were made of titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy. The baseplates were made with three small porous-coated pegs for fixation with or without cement, or with a central stem for fixation with cement. The polyethylene was affixed to the baseplate by a mechanical locking mechanism that was nonmodular. The articular surfaces of both components were flat mediolaterally and anteroposteriorly. The patellar components were dome shaped and metal backed with titanium-aluminum alloy. Seventy-three percent of the femoral components, 26% of the tibial components, and 48% of the patellar components were inserted without bone cement. The average time to maximum follow-up examination was 6.1 years (range, four to nine years). Of implants that had not been revised, 84.4% had good or excellent results (using the Hospital for Special Surgery scoring system) at final follow-up examination. The average range of motion of functioning implants at final follow-up examination was 108 degrees. Revisions for failure only of the metal-backed patellar component were performed in 22 knees (11.8%). Forty knees (21.5%) required revision for failure of the femoral-tibial articulation. Reasons for failure in this group included: polyethylene wear (57.5%); loosening (15.0%); tibial tray fracture (10.0%); sepsis (12.5%); and dislocation or ligament laxity (5.0%). An additional 15 functioning knees (8.1%) have radiographic evidence of progressive femoral-tibial subluxation. Future failure of these devices is considered likely. Polyethylene wear requiring revision was not statistically associated with patient age, gender, preoperative diagnosis, height, weight, or component size. Polyethylene failure leading to revision was related to the radiographic appearance of femoral-tibial component subluxation. This subluxation was most likely to occur after five years of component implantation. The development of progressive femoral-tibial subluxation was statistically associated with postoperative extremity malalignment, excessive varus positioning of the tibial component, bone grafting of the tibial plateau, the use of the small-pegged tibial component, and the use of this component without cement. Polyethylene wear associated with progressive femoral-tibial subluxation occurred at the periphery of the tibial plateau and along the raised portion of the tibial spine. The metal baseplate at the edge of the plateau was frequently exposed and worn. Bone lysis associated with the presence of polyethylene, metal, and cement debris was frequently observed.
Split-System: The New Frontier of Cloud Computing (2015)

Split-protocol computing paradigm uses web services on geographically distributed Web servers. A network of large Split-servers that form the cloud to handles computing and storage task that would otherwise create a heavy CPU utilization for the traditional individual server. The split-protocol concept was devised for load balancing and faster data transmission. Connection and data communication phases are clearly divided between servers without involving the client or the central controlling mechanism, like a dispatcher or a load balancer. In an earlier paper, we demonstrated that the application Split-protocol produces higher performance compared to traditional clusters. Based on the need, different types of split configurations are implemented for throughput, response time, and connection time. The observed throughput improvement was within the range 6.5% - 25% over non-split systems. This paper first time examines the empirical results of Split-system to understand its analytical behavior and compares with traditional non-split systems. Also, this paper prepares the groundwork for the scientific understanding of Split-systems. The split-system technique with given sets of constraints can produce better throughput than conventional equivalent server systems. The performance improvement resulted because of the Split-system operates as a fine-grained pipeline of the parallel system.
Novel peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand [<sup>11</sup>C]DAA1106 for PET: An imaging tool for glial cells in the brain (2004)

Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) is expressed in most organs and its expression is reported to be increased in activated microglia in the brain. [(11)C]PK11195 has been widely used for the in vivo imaging of PBRs, but its signal in the brain was not high enough for stable quantitative analysis. We synthesized a novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand, [(11)C]DAA1106, for PBR and investigated its in vivo properties in rat and monkey brain. High uptake of [(11)C]DAA1106 was observed in the olfactory bulb and choroid plexus area, followed by the pons/medulla and cerebellum by in vivo autoradiography of rat brain, correlating with the binding in vitro. [(11)C]DAA1106 binding was increased in the dorsal hippocampus with neural destruction, suggesting glial reaction. [(11)C]DAA1106 binding was both inhibited and displaced by 1.0 mg/kg of DAA1106 and 5 mg/kg of PK11195 by 80% and 70%, respectively. Specific binding was estimated as 80% of total binding. [(11)C]DAA1106 binding was four times higher compared to the binding of [(11)C]PK11195 in the monkey occipital cortex. These results indicated that [(11)C]DAA1106 might be a good ligand for in vivo imaging of PBR.