gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
7,8-Dihydro-8-ethyl-2-(3-noradamantyl)-4-propyl-1H-imidazo[2,1-i]purin-5(4H)-one: a potent and water-soluble adenosine A1 antagonist (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT7,8-Dihydro-8-ethyl-2-(3-noradamantyl)-4-propyl-1H-imidazo[2,1-i]purin-5(4H)-one: a potent and water-soluble adenosine A1 antagonistFumio Suzuki, Junichi Shimada, Hiromi Nonaka, Akio Ishii, Shizuo Shiozaki, Shunji Ichikawa, and Eikichi OnoCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 19, 3578–3581Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00097a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00097a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Geolocation of a known altitude object from TDOA and FDOA measurements (1997)

Most satellite systems for locating an object on Earth use only time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements. When there are relative motions between an emitter and receivers, frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements can be used as well. Often, the altitude of an object is known (it is zero, for example) or can be measured with an altimeter. Two sets of geolocation solutions are proposed which exploit the altitude constraint to improve the localization accuracy. One is for TDOAs alone and the other for the combination of TDOA and FDOA measurements. The additional complexity by imposing the constraint is a one-dimensional Newton's search and the rooting of a polynomial. The covariance matrices of the new estimators are derived under a small measurement noise assumption and shown to attain the constrained Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). When there is a bias error in the assumed altitude, using the altitude constraint will introduce a bias to the solution. Since applying the constraint decreases the variance, there is a tradeoff between variance and bias in the mean square error (MSE). The maximum allowable altitude error such that the constraint solution will remain superior to the unconstraint is given. Simulation results are included to corroborate the theoretical development.
Topology of optical flow in 3D echocardiography (2002)

A new approach for quantification of global strain and twist of ventricular wall is presented, it utilizes the theoretical framework of dynamical systems faking into account the large time-varying displacements that occur during the beating of the heart. Topological features of the 3D optical flow have been analysed; such features summarize the global behaviour of the motion field and can be used as cardiac function indexes. In particular the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the vector field critical points give useful information about deformation and rotation of the entire left ventricle during cardiac cycle. The eigenvectors directions are related to the principal axis of deformation and to the rotation axis. The eigenvalues are related to deformation and rotation magnitudes, therefore they provide an estimate of the relative variation of volume and twisting for each time step.
Control and coordination of head, eyes and facial expressions of virtual actors in virtual environments (2002)

The primary focus of our project is the creation of 'virtual actors', for training and other applications where human figures must be coordinated. By the term virtual actor, we refer to computer animated figures that can mimic human beings in physical form, function and behavior. In this paper, we will discuss the underlying techniques and software systems for creating the "skin, bone, and muscles" of aspects of interactive human body models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the fractal dimension of computer programs and its application to the prediction of the cache miss ratio (1989)

Fractal geometry is proposed as a powerful measure of program behavior, and its application to the prediction of the miss ratio of programs in fully associative caches is presented. Programs are modeled as one-dimensional fractal random-walks. The fractal cache model is based on the parameterization of a program trace by a small number of constants, one of which is the fractal dimension of the program. The model is validated by trace-driven simulations of several program traces. With this model, it is possible to read the trace of a program once, and then predict the behavior of the miss ratio curve of that program in fully associative caches of varying sizes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>PRAD1</i>/lCyclin D1 proto‐oncogene: Genomic organization, 5′ dna sequence, and sequence of a tumor‐specific rearrangement breakpoint (1993)

PRAD1 (previously D11S287) is a putative proto-oncogene at 11q13, activated by overexpression through gene rearrangement or gene amplification in several types of human tumors including parathyroid adenomas, centrocytic lymphomas and other B-cell tumors with t(11;14), and breast cancers. PRAD1 (also CCND1) encodes cyclin D1, which may regulate the G1-S phase transition in the cell cycle. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the chromosomal PRAD1/cyclin D1 gene and the sequence of its promoter region. The gene spans about 15 kb and has 5 exons; its promoter region has Sp1 binding sites and no obvious TATA box, characteristics of housekeeping genes and growth-regulating genes. Furthermore, an E2F binding motif present close to the major transcription start site may be involved in cell cycle-dependent expression of this gene. We also report the sequence of DNAs spanning joining regions of a reciprocal parathyroid hormone/PRAD1 gene rearrangement in a parathyroid adenoma. Comparison with normal sequences suggests that the rearrangement was not a simple break-and-ligate event, but rather involved multiple steps, including two microdeletions and a microinversion. Very short sequences conserved near the breakpoints and symmetrical elements in the eventually inverted DNA segment might have played a role in this illegitimate complex recombination, which may have similarities with a constitutional translocation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Convolutional Block Design for Learned Fractional Downsampling (2021)

The layers of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be used to alter the resolution of their inputs, but the scaling factors are limited to integer values. However, in many image and video processing applications, the ability to resize by a fractional factor would be advantageous. One example is conversion between resolutions standardized for video compression, such as from 1080p to 720p. To solve this problem, we propose an alternative building block, formulated as a conventional convolutional layer followed by a differentiable resizer. More concretely, the convolutional layer preserves the resolution of the input, while the resizing operation is fully handled by the resizer. In this way, any CNN architecture can be adapted for non-integer resizing. As an application, we replace the resizing convolutional layer of a modern deep downsampling model by the proposed building block, and apply it to an adaptive bitrate video streaming scenario. Our experimental results show that an improvement in coding efficiency over the conventional Lanczos algorithm is attained, in terms of PSNR, SSIM, and VMAF on test videos.
Comparison of Biochemical and Chemical Digestion and Detection Methods for Carbohydrates (2008)

There is a multitude of chemical and biochemical detection methods for sugars. Which ones would be most practical in an undergraduate laboratory setting? How to best detect non-reducing disaccharides? How to make such lab fun for students to perform? After trying several spectrophotometric methods, it was found that chemical detection by dinitrosalicylic acid and biochemical detection by hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reagent are most appropriate. Sucrose, a non-reducing disaccharide was digested chemically with hydrochloric acid and biochemically with invertase. It was concluded that chemical detection and biochemical detection compliment each other. Chemical digestion method was preferred over the digestion by invertase. These methods were applied for testing the validity of sugar ingredients printed on drink labels as well as the measurement of sugar levels in ripening bananas at two different conditions. The comprehensive comparison of these methods and the detection of sugar concentrations in interesting samples might serve as a basis for an undergraduate chemistry laboratory.
Early recognition of acutely deteriorating patients in non‐intensive care units: Assessment of an innovative monitoring technology (2012)

The Earlysense monitor was able to continuously measure RR and HR, providing low alert frequency. The current study provides data supporting the ability of this system to accurately predict patient deterioration.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of glycosphingolipids including gangliosides. (1998)

Long chain base compositions of gangliosides containing mainly stearic acid could be determined without any chemical modification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with delayed ion extraction (DE MALDI-TOF MS). The analytical results for the long chain base compositions of various samples of GM1 from the brain tissues of patients with different diseases at different ages confirmed that the proportion of d20:1 (icosasphingosine) and d20 (icosa-sphinganine) of the total sphingosine bases increased quickly until adolescent or adult age and then remained constant slightly exceeding 50%; this value was evidently higher than the proportion of d20:1 and d20 of GM1 in various adult mammalian brains. A long chain base composition of GM1 from the brain tissue of a patient with infantile type of GM1-gangliosidosis at 4y2m was abnormal and so was in two sibling patients with Spielmeyer-Vogt type of juvenile amaurotic idiocy at 19y and 21y in spite of that in the latter there was no accumulation of GM1 in the brain tissue. On the other hand, a patient with adult type of GM1 gangliosidosis at 66y showed a local accumulation of GM1 in the putamen and caudate nucleus, but its long chain base composition was found to be normal. It was of interest that the white matter of Eker rat with hereditary renal carcinoma contained a large amount of plasmalocerebroside as compared with the amount of cerebroside and sphingomyelin. The individual molecular species of plasmalocerebroside were identified by DE MALDI-TOF MS.
Effect of Au coating on the magnetic and structural properties of Fe nanoclusters for use in biomedical applications: A density-functional theory study (2006)

In this paper, we report the first systematic theoretical study of gold-coated iron nanoclusters, aiming at understanding the magnetic properties of this core-shell structure used in biomedical applications. The calculations based on density-functional theory focus on the effect of gold coating on the magnetic and structural properties of iron clusters of various sizes, and the reaction of the bare and coated iron clusters with oxygen. Our results show that the magnetic moment of iron nanocore with gold coating is still significantly higher than that in bulk Fe; the coupling between Fe atoms remained ferromagnetic and is insensitive to the thickness of the Au coating. Furthermore, oxygen remains molecular on a gold-coated Fe nanoparticle while it dissociates on a bare Fe nanoparticle. The improved chemical stability by gold coating prevents the iron core from oxidation as well as the coalescence and formation of thromboses in the body. Thus it is shown that gold coating is very promising for the magnetic particles to be functionalized for targeted drug delivery.
Comparison between linear FM and phase-coded CW radars (1994)

The classical linear FM CW radar signal is compared with P3 and P4 phase-coded CW signals. The comparison covers the theoretical delay-Doppler response, the spectrum and the performances in digital receiver processors. The receivers produce a matrix of delay and Doppler cells. Three receiver approaches are considered: (a) Doppler compensation followed by a multicorrelation processor. This is a general and efficient implementation of many matched filters, which applies to any phase-coded signal. (b) A modification of (a), applicable to P3, P4 signals, in which the multicorrelators are efficiently replaced by FFTs, without altering the performances. (c) A single correlator followed by two levels of spectral analysis, for range and for Doppler. In the two matched filter implementations, (a) and (b), the P signals exhibit lower range sidelobes, due to their inherent property of perfect periodic autocorrelation. The LFM signal requires additional weighting (hence additional SNR loss) and even then does not approach the low range sidelobes of P signals. In the single correlator receiver, the two signals exhibit almost identical performances, which are similar to the performances of LFM in the matched receiver.
Proxy cryptography revisted (2003)

In this work we revisit and formally study the notion of proxy cryptography. Intuitively, various proxy functions allow two cooperating parties F (the “FBI”) and P (the “proxy”) to duplicate the functionality available to the third party U (the “user”), without being able to perform this functionality on their own (without cooperation). The concept is closely related to the notion of threshold cryptography, except we deal with only two parties P and F , and place very strict restrictions on the way the operations are performed (which is done for the sake of efficiency, usability and scalability). For example, for decryption (resp. signature) P (F ) sends a single message to F (P ), after which the latter can decrypt (sign) the message. Our formal modeling of proxy cryptography significantly generalizes, simplifies and simultaneously clarifies the model of “atomic proxy” suggested by Blaze and Strauss [4]. In particular, we define bidirectional and unidirectional variants of our model1, and show extremely simple generic solutions for proxy signature and encryption in these models. We also give more efficient solutions for several specific schemes. We conclude that proxy cryptography is a relatively simple concept to satisfy when looked from the correct and formal standpoint.
Signal Transduction Pathways in Development: Wnts and their Receptors (2001)

Abstract Secreted Wnt proteins act through a conserved pathway to control development.
Achievement of higher efficiency amorphous silicon-germanium solar cells using affinity gradients (1984)

Back-diffusion of photogenerated carriers, and subsequent recombination within or near the front contacting layer, has been identified as a major loss mechanism in a-Si cells in a variety of configurations. Back-diffusion can be suppressed by introducing localized regions of opposing electron or hole affinity gradient in the primary light-absorbing layer. Preliminary measurements on an a-(Si,Ge) cell in n-i-p configuration, in which the desired hole affinity gradient was produced by varying the average composition of the alloy over the first few hundred A of the i-layer, indicate a 29% improvement in efficiency with respect to the comparable ungraded alloy cell. The remedy appears to be generally applicable to other cell configurations and other low-mobility amorphous semiconducting material systems.
A blunt sampling probe developed for an in situ leak test of HEPA filters in high-level biosafety laboratory (2014)

Abstract High-efficiency air filtration is an important means of preventing harmful aerosol overflow in biosafety laboratories. For convenience in the in situ scanning leak test of a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter to ensure the filter's intactness, a cylindrical blunt sampling probe is developed. The sampling inlet is of the slot type and the inlet's length equal the width of the HEPA filter. Thus, the entire downstream face of the HEPA filter may be scanned. To evaluate the blunt sampling probe's ability to detect leaks, the scanning leak test performed on a HEPA filter unit was compared with a test using the thin-walled rectangular sampling probe that is recommended by relevant standards. Based on the comparison, the leak penetration determined using the blunt sampling probe was slightly lower than that determined using the reference sampling probe. Additionally, differences were observed according to the location that was tested. However, the blunt sampling probe could detect leaks through the comprehensive analysis of the local penetration of most-penetrating particle size (MPPS) and non-MPPS particles.
High-dose liposomal daunorubicin and high-dose cytarabine combination in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia (2001)

The combination of DNX (or liposomal daunorubicin) and ara-C has significant antileukemia activity with acceptable toxicity. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role of high-dose anthracyclines in frontline AML therapy.
Lipofuscin: formation, effects and role of macroautophagy (2013)

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of the aging process and age dependent diseases. Both are closely connected to disturbances of proteostasis by protein oxidation and an impairment of the proteasomal system. The final consequence is the accumulation of highly cross-linked undegradable aggregates such as lipofuscin. These aggregates of damaged proteins are detrimental to normal cell functions. Here we provide an overview about effect of these aggregates on the proteasomal system, followed by transcription factor activation and loss of cell viability. Furthermore, findings on the mechanism of radical genesis, proteasomal inhibition and the required components of lipofuscin formation were resumed.
Nonfouling Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated, Two-Component Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2008)

A significant challenge in the field of biomaterials is the nonspecific adsorption of proteins. It has been suggested that overall neutral materials composed of mixed charge components present protein-resistant properties. This work describes the development of a novel nonfouling polymer brush formed from a surface-initiated, two-component atom transfer radical polymerization. The polymer brushes are composed of varying mixtures of positively and negatively charged monomers depending on the polymerization conditions. The polymer brushes were characterized by both atomic force microscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis to determine the thickness and composition, respectively. The nonspecific adsorption of fibrinogen, lysozyme, and bovine serum albumin was measured using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. It was found that when the polymer brush surface coating was formed as a statistical copolymer from the two charged components, it had nonfouling properties for all three probe proteins.
Transcriptional Repression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by AP-4 (2006)

Elucidation of the mechanism of transcriptional silencing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus in latently infected cells is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of HIV-1 infection and to develop novel therapies. Here we demonstrate that AP-4 is responsible for the transcriptional repression of HIV-1. We found that AP-4 site within the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) is well conserved in the majority of HIV-1 subtypes and that AP-4 represses HIV-1 gene expression by recruiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 as well as by masking TATA-binding protein to TATA box. AP-4-mediated transcriptional repression was inhibited by an HDAC inhibitor, tricostatin A, and could be exerted even at distant locations from the TATA box. In addition, AP-4 interacted with HDAC1 both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays have revealed that AP-4 and HDAC1 are present in the HIV-1 LTR promoter in latently infected ACH2 and U1 cells, and they are dissociated from the promoter concomitantly with the association of acetylated histone H3, TBP, and RNA polymerase II upon TNF-alpha stimulation of HIV-1 replication. Furthermore, when AP-4 is knocked down by siRNA, HIV-1 production was greatly augmented in cells transfected with a full-length HIV-1 clone. These results suggest that AP-4 may be responsible for transcriptional quiescence of latent HIV-1 provirus and give a molecular basis to the reported efficacy of combination therapy of conventional anti-HIV drugs with an HDAC inhibitor in accelerating the clearance of HIV-1 from individuals infected with the virus.
Plantar Fasciitis. (2019)

Plantar fasciitis is a common problem that one in 10 people will experience in their lifetime. Plantar fasciopathy is an appropriate descriptor because the condition is not inflammatory. Risk factors include limited ankle dorsiflexion, increased body mass index, and standing for prolonged periods of time. Plantar fasciitis is common in runners but can also affect sedentary people. With proper treatment, 80% of patients with plantar fasciitis improve within 12 months. Plantar fasciitis is predominantly a clinical diagnosis. Symptoms are stabbing, nonradiating pain first thing in the morning in the proximal medioplantar surface of the foot; the pain becomes worse at the end of the day. Physical examination findings are often limited to tenderness to palpation of the proximal plantar fascial insertion at the anteromedial calcaneus. Ultrasonography is a reasonable and inexpensive diagnostic tool for patients with pain that persists beyond three months despite treatment. Treatment should start with stretching of the plantar fascia, ice massage, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Many standard treatments such as night splints and orthoses have not shown benefit over placebo. Recalcitrant plantar fasciitis can be treated with injections, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, or surgical procedures, although evidence is lacking. Endoscopic fasciotomy may be required in patients who continue to have pain that limits activity and function despite exhausting nonoperative treatment options.