gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescence Properties of Eu<sup>2+</sup>-Doped Green-Emitting Sr-Sialon Phosphor and Its Application to White Light-Emitting Diodes (2008)

We developed a green-emitting phosphor Sr3Si13Al3O2N21:Eu2+ that is highly luminescent under excitation by blue light. It shows a highly efficient green luminescence whose external quantum efficiency reaches 67% for 460 nm excitation, and has small thermal quenching. Using this phosphor, we obtained white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) whose luminous efficacy and color rendering index Ra at 5330 K are 62 lm/W and 87, respectively. These features show that this green-emitting phosphor has high potential for application to white LEDs.
Regulation of endothelial NO synthase expression by cyclosporin A in bovine aortic endothelial cells (1996)

The introduction of cyclosporin A (CsA) is considered a cornerstone advance in immunosuppression. However, serious side effects such as hypertension have fostered an important body of research regarding their pathophysiology. Although the participation of several vasoactive factors in the hypertensive response has been described, recent attention has focused on endothelium-derived vasoactive factors, and several reports describe an overproduction of endothelin-1 and a deficient endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In the case of the latter, no definitive clues for the precise molecular mechanisms have been provided. We demonstrate that endothelial cells in culture synthesize more NO in the presence of CsA for 24 h in a concentration-response manner. This augmentation is correlated with a threefold increase in the endothelial constitutive NO synthase (ecNOS) transcript, which is time dependent and maximal at 24 h. The CsA-induced increase in ecNOS mRNA expression was blocked by actinomycin D but unaltered by cycloheximide. Levels of ecNOS protein were also enhanced by CsA after 24 h. These data establish that NO synthesis is moderately enhanced in endothelial cells exposed to CsA for long periods of time and describe a new mode of regulating ecNOS gene expression.
A Physical Analog of the Failing Left Ventricle for In Vitro Studies of Mechanical Wall Actuation (1996)

Mechanical repowering of a failing heart with devices or skeletal muscle could circumvent blood-pump lining problems. Requirements are complex: indefinite support with preservation of valve competence and coronary flow, avoidance of wall coaptation, and allowance of both rapid low impedance refilling and independent left and right pressures. An accurate in vitro physical failing-heart analog could facilitate the choice and screening of surgical and engineering approaches in mock circulation experiments. Prosthetic models, transplant recipient hearts, normal animal hearts, existing in vivo animal failure models, and failing cadaver hearts all have serious limitations. One hundred and four excised porcine hearts were dilated and fixed by three iterative protocols. Geometric and passive mechanical parameters were assessed and compared with targets expected for an end-stage failing heart. For Protocol 3, Subgroup 2 (reinforcing valve support, dilatation by compliant ventricular balloon, and ethyl alcohol fixation), the left ventricular shape and capacity (ellipsoid, 201-377 ml/500 g of heart weight), passive valve function, wall flexural rigidity (Et3 range 0.101-0.331 Nm), and refilling mechanics (99 +/- 17.46 ml during 200-400 ms at < or = 10 mm Hg transmural gradient) were all within goal criteria.
Spatially mapped gene expression analysis from tissue (2016)

Spatial gene expression analysis platforms have been widely used for a variety of applications ranging from pathogen detection to the analysis of spatial variation of an mRNA in a tissue section. Traditionally, this is accomplished by using in situ polymerase chain reaction (in situ PCR) or in situ hybridization (ISH). In addition, laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by RT-qPCR of the locally captured tissue has also been used to study these spatial variations at a molecular level. But, all of the above techniques are plagued with different issues such as low sensitivity in the case of ISH, low reproducibility and long experimental run time for in situ PCR, and long sample acquisition and purification times for the LCM based techniques. This calls for a method that can reliably, rapidly and with high sensitivity perform spatial gene expression analysis starting from a tissue sample. We present a novel approach that combine microfabrication techniques with reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) to achieve this goal. This novel technique uses a micro-fabricated chip with an array of micro-wells with knife-like sharp well edges to assist in division of a tissue cryosection into small pieces in a process we call "tissue pixelation". The array consists of over five thousand 100um (side length) pyramidal wells with a volume of ~ 175pL each. Following the above tissue transfer step, reagents are loaded onto the chip into the individual wells using a parallel loading process and independent picoliter volume RT-LAMP reactions are performed in each well. Towards this end, we have completed and characterized the chip fabrication, tissue pixelation and picoliter volume reagent loading on chip steps. In addition to this, we have also designed and characterized a novel RT-LAMP reaction for topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) mRNA biomarker for LNCaP prostate cancer cells.
Coordination compounds of Group IB metals. III. Triethyl- and triphenylphosphine complexes of cuprous, argentous, and aurous NN-dialkyldithiocarbamates (1966)

Triethylphosphine and triphenylphosphine complexes of various NN- dialkyldithiocarbamates of gold(1), silver(1), and copper(1) are described, of formulae (I; R = Et; R' = Pr); (111; M = Ag, Cu; R' = Me, Et, Pr, Bu); and (IV; M = Ag, Cu; R' = Me, Et, Pr, Bu). Certain complexes of formula (1) are unstable, and lose the phosphine moiety during attempted preparation. Complexes (111) and (IV) are prepared by reaction of the appropriate metal dithiocarbamate with triethyl- or triphenyl-phosphine respectively. Complexes (111; M = Ag, Cu; R' = Et) gave monomeric molecular weights in chloroform solution, but the apparent molecular weights of complexes (IV; M = Ag, Cu; R' = Et) indicated extensive dissociation in both chloroform and benzene. The present evidence suggests an ionic dissociation in the sense (Ph3P)2M+ R2NCSS-. An improved preparation of cuprous NN-dialkyldithiocarbamates is given.
Optical Properties of Coals and Graphite (1967)

From Abstract: "Optical Properties of U.S. coals of differing rank have been investigated by the Bureau of Mines for about 20 years. These investigations have been made to further the development of an objective basis for petrographic analysis of coal and to add knowledge of the structure and composition of coal and coal components by determining their optical constants in various regions of electromagnetic spectrum."
Localization of 2 11β-OH Steroid Dehydrogenase Isoforms in Aortic Endothelial Cells (1998)

11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) but has not been reported to be present in vascular endothelial cells. This enzyme assists in regulating the cellular concentration of active endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs). We have observed that endothelium intact rat aortic rings express message for both Type 1 and Type 2 11beta-HSD whereas primary cultures of VSMC express only mRNA for the Type I isoform. Since GCs diminish prostacyclin synthesis in endothelial cells, we hypothesized that 11beta-HSD is present in vascular endothelial cells. In primary cultures of rat aortic endothelial (RAE) cells, mRNA from both isoforms of 11beta-HSD could be detected by RT-PCR with higher levels of the Type 1 isoform. The oxo-reductase reaction "activating" 11-dehydro metabolites back to the parent steroid is the preferred enzyme direction (12:1 after a 120 minutes steroid incubation) in intact RAE cells. When RAE cells are grown in the presence of antisense oligonucleotides specific for Type 1 11beta-HSD, oxo-reductase activity is decreased by approximately 50% but the dehydrogenase reaction, which inactivates endogenous GCs and is characteristic of the Type 2 isoform, is unaffected. Thus endothelial cells appear to express both isoforms of 11beta-HSD; the Type 1 isoform dominates functioning in the oxo-reductase mode. Inhibition of the oxo-reductase reaction may lower the local concentrations of GC and indirectly allow for increased production of prostacyclin in endothelial cells.
Módszertani útmutató mezőgazdasági erőgépek műszakiökonómiai vizsgálatához (2004)

We targeted to investigate some characteristics of farm machines of serial production (tractors, combines) such as their usability, operation safety, proftability, technical safety level, return of investment and customers' satisfaction based on working experiences and observations. We used a questionnaire to collect data. The questionnaire contains the circumstances of monitoring, the experiences of installation and furthermore the evaluation of working performance and operation safety of the machines.
Modification of textured silicon wafer surface morphology for fabrication of heterojunction solar cell with open circuit voltage over 700 mV (2009)

Crystalline silicon wafer (c-Si) can be extremely well passivated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films. As a result, on flat substrates, solar cells with very high open circuit voltage are readily obtained. On textured substrates however the passivation is more cumbersome, likely due to the presence of localized recombinative paths situated at the pyramid valleys. Here, we show that this issue may be resolved by selecting a silicon substrate morphology featuring large pyramids. Chemical post-texturization treatments can further reduce the surface recombination velocity. This sequence has allowed us to fabricate solar cells with open circuit voltage over 700 mV, demonstrating also on device level the effect of pyramid density and surface micro-roughness on the surface passivation quality.
Enabling Watermarking in a Diverse Content Distribution Infrastructure (2015)

Forensic watermarking embeds a robust identifier into content in order to identify sources of illegal leaks. Enabling technologies have matured, and requirements have emerged, in particular for high-value UHD content. A successful implementation requires embedding unique information in the media data for each client. This can take significant resources depending on the implementation and application. To enable different delivery scenarios; ranging from DVB with one-way communication and physical media, to adaptive bitrate streaming with different integration workflows, components and embedding technologies need to be considered. This paper will explain different scenarios, tradeoffs, and practical solutions for implementation.
Wavelength conversion of QAM signals in a low loss CMOS compatible spiral waveguide (2017)

We demonstrate wavelength conversion of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals, including 32-GBd quadrature phase-shift keying and 10-GBd 16-QAM, in a 50-cm long high index doped glass spiral waveguide. The quality of the generated idlers for up to 20 nm of wavelength shift is sufficient to achieve a BER performance below the hard decision forward error correction threshold BER performance (&lt;3.8 × 103), with an optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty of less than 0.3 dB compared to the original signal. Our results confirm that this is a promising platform for nonlinear optical signal processing, as a result of both very low linear propagation loss (&lt;0.07 dB/cm) and a large material bandgap, which in turn ensures negligible nonlinear loss at telecom wavelengths.
Long-term Incompatible Kidney Survival in Outbred Higher Primates without Chronic Immunosuppression (1983)

Transplantation between non-identical humans has been limited by the requirement for chronic immunosuppression (CI). This study demonstrates in a nonhuman primate model that long-term acceptance of incompatible kidney allografts can be achieved without the use of CI. Following incompatible kidney transplantation, rhesus monkey recipients were given a 5-day course of clinical rabbit antithymocyte globulin (RATG). On day 12, unfractionated donor bone marrow (BM) was infused intravenously. Recipients were monitored for T-cell levels and T-cell subset levels with monoclonal antibodies and for responses in one way MLR. Graft survival in untreated control animals was 9.2 +/- 2.8 days. In six animals given RATG only, all died of rejection at a mean 35.8 +/- 5.7 days. Of five animals given RATG and donor BM (mean 2.5 RhLA mismatches, mean MLC 12.7), four are alive at 150 days, 248 days, 342 days, and 401 days (median 248 days). The ATG-BM infused group showed a prolonged imbalance of their OKT4/OKT8 cell ratio and cellular suppression of MLR responsiveness. The long-term survival obtained in these outbred primates is apparently due to a synergistic immunoregulatory effect induced by the RATG and donor BM. The model described is apparently the first report of long-term survival of outbred higher primates without CI and may represent a technique for producing tolerance without CI in the human.
Serum tumour necrosis factor‐α levels in cancer patients are discontinuous and correlate with weight loss (2000)

The present study demonstrates that TNF is intermittently or discontinuously detectable in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and that its levels correlate with the severity of weight loss.
An Amperometric Biosensor for Glucose Determination Prepared from Glucose Oxidase Immobilized in Polyaniline-Polyvinylsulfonate Film (2011)

In this study, a novel amperometric glucose biosensor with immobilization of glucose oxidase on electrochemically polymerized polyaniline-polyvinylsulphonate (Pani-Pvs) films has been accomplished via the entrapment technique. Electropolymerization of aniline on the Pt surface of the Pt electrode was carried out at constant potential (0.75 V, vs. Ag/AgCl) using an electrochemical cell containing aniline and polyvinylsulphonate. Firstly, the optimum working conditions for preparing polyaniline-polyvinylsulfonate films were investigated. Determination of glucose was carried out by the oxidation of enzymatically produced H(2)O(2) at 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The effects of pH and temperature were investigated and the optimum pH value was found to be 7.5. The storage stability and operational stability of the enzyme electrode were also studied. The results show that 75% of the response current was retained after 16 activity assays. The prepared glucose biosensor retained 80.6% of initial activity after 40 days when stored in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at 4 °C.
Thermal Shrinkage Of Oriented Polymers (1992)

Abstract One of the important aims of modern polymer research is to achieve an understanding of molecular chain conformation and of the spatial arrangement of the polymer molecules in the solid state. In attempts to solve this problem and to interpret the physical properties of high polymers, it is necessary to remember that a polymer structure must be considered as dynamic rather than as static. Due to its constitution, the structural system of a bulk polymer is not stable but goes toward its thermodynamic equilibrium by the conformational motions of chain elements changing the arrangement of macromolecules. The rate and spatial reach of molecular motions depend to a great extent on the temperature and, in fact, define the number of thermal transitions observed in polymers. The two most important thermal transitions are the glass-rubber transition, characterized by the temperature Tg , and the melting of crystalline elements, characterized by the temperature T, (in semicrystalline polymers). Below Tg the material is in its hard glassy state, and molecular motions are restricted to side chains or to slow, short-range conformational movements of the amorphous phase. At higher temperatures, above Tg , which is the onset of segmental mobility of backbone chains in the amorphous regions, the material is in a soft rubbery state. Increased segmental mobility allows certain structural transformations; for example, increased chain packing and a crystallite growth. Above Tm , crystallites are molten and the whole material is in a liquid state of high viscosity.
Global Localization for Mobile Robot using Large-scale 3D Environmental Map and RGB-D Camera (2013)

We proposed a global positioning technique in 3D environment using 3D geometrical map and a RGB-D camera based on a ND (Normal Distributions) voxel matching. Firstly, a 3D geometrical map represented by point-cloud is converted to ND voxels, and eigen ellipses are extracted. Meanwhile, ND voxels are also created from a range image captured by a RGB-D camera, and eigen ellipses and seven representative points are calculated in each ND voxel. For global localization, point-plane and plane-plane correspondences are tested and an optimum global position is determined using a particle filter. Experimental results show that the proposed technique is robust for the similarity in a 3D map and converges more stably than a standard maximum likelihood method using a beam model.
Performance analysis of fast distributed link restoration algorithms (1995)

Abstract Four distributed link restoration algorithms are analysed in detail using a set of important performance metrics and functional characteristics. The functional characteristics are used to explain how these algorithms function and provide insight into their performance. The analysis and simulation results indicate that the two prong link restoration algorithm, which is based on issuing aggregate restoration requests from both ends of the disruption and on an intelligent backtracking mechanism, outperforms the other three algorithms in terms of restoration time. The RREACT link restoration algorithm consistently found paths that use fewer spares.
Learning a convolutional neural network for fractional interpolation in HEVC inter coding (2017)

Motion compensated prediction (MCP) is an effective technology for video coding to improve compression efficiency. Fractional sample precision prediction is utilized in HEVC to further remove temporal redundancy, and finite impulse response (FIR) filters designed using decomposition of the discrete cosine transform are applied to generate samples that do not fall on the integer positions. However, the coefficients of these DCT-based interpolation filters are fixed, which may not be able to adapt to varied video content. Inspired by the remarkable success of convolutional neural network (CNN) in the single image super-resolution task, we propose to learn a convolutional neural network for fractional interpolation in HEVC inter prediction. Compared with super-resolution, there is one big difference in fractional interpolation - fractional interpolation needs to maintain samples at integer positions while super-resolution generates a whole high-resolution image. Another difference is no real ground truth is available in fractional interpolation process. To overcome these two challenges, we introduce a constraint strategy to the training phase of the original super-resolution network as well as a specially designed preprocessing step which reuses the DCTIF interpolation process. Unlike other previous work, our proposed approach simultaneously generating the fractional positions from one network and experimental results show our proposed approach achieves 0.45% BD-Rate reduction under the low-delay-P configuration on average.
Pruritus in hepatic cholestasis. Pathogenesis and therapy (1985)

• Pruritus associated with hepatic cholestasis may cause significant morbidity. Current evidence indicates that bile acids may not be the pruritogenic factor. Rather, the factor may be some other cholephilic anion or anions that bind to cholestyramine resin and are photolabile. Effective treatment modalities used currently include cholestyramine resin and phenobarbital. Phototherapy is a promising modality in which the mechanism and most effective wavelengths remain to be elucidated. Analysis of the possible role of non-steady state bile acid compartmentalization in the pathogenesis of pruritus is presented. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1985;121:1415-1420)
Critical Assessment of the Important Residues Involved in the Dimerization and Catalysis of MERS Coronavirus Main Protease (2015)

MERS-CoV Mpro shows substrate-induced dimerization and potent proteolytic activity. A critical assessment of the residues important to these processes provides insights into the correlation between dimerization and catalysis within the coronaviral Mpro family.
A kinetic investigation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Zea mays (1992)

The reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Zea mays has been studied kinetically. Results of initial velocity patterns and inhibition studies indicate that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase has a random sequential mechanism in which there is a high level of synergism in the binding of substrates. The preferred order of addition of reactants is Mg2+, phosphoenolpyruvate, and bicarbonate. The binding of Mg2+ is at equilibrium. Values for the various kinetic parameters are KiMg = 2.3 +/- 0.4 mM, KPEP = 3.6 +/- 0.6 mM, KiPEP = 0.2 +/- 0.07 mM, and Kbicarbonate = 0.18 +/- 0.04 mM. In addition, double inhibition experiments have been performed to examine the nature of the active site interactions with the putative intermediates, carboxy phosphate and the enolate of pyruvate. Highly synergistic inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was observed in the presence of oxalate and carbamyl phosphate (alpha = 0.0013). However, an antisynergistic relationship exists between oxalate and phosphonoformate (alpha = 2.75).
Flow History – Morphology Development in Crystallizable Polymer Melts (1990)

Abstract Flow history-morphology interactions have been studied for three crystallizable polymers: high density polyethylene, poly(vinylidene fluoride), and polypropylene. Materials were extruded through an impinging channels film die which produces a mixed extensional and shearing flow field. Extrudate morphology was characterized by optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Stress fields during die flow were measured from flow birefringence and compared to calculations based on the power law model. Good quantitative agreement was found for the shearing stresses, however, large differences were observed between the measured and computed normal stresses along the symmetry axis of the flow where extensional gradients are also the highest. Extensional stresses on the order of 2.8·10 6 , 1.4·10 6 , and 3.9·10 5 dynes/cm 2 were required to induce row-nucleated crystallization in the HDPE, PVF 2 , and polypropylene respectively. The respective stresses were found to decrease with increasing relaxation time in a non-linear fashion. An explanation for this behavior is presented based on the opposing tendencies of chain relaxation and oriented crystallization.
Skin detection using neighborhood information (2004)

Skin detection is employed in tasks like face detection and tracking, naked people detection, hand detection and tracking, people retrieval in databases and Internet, etc. However, skin detection is not robust enough for dealing with some real-world conditions, like changing lighting conditions and complex background containing surfaces and objects with skin-like colors. This situation can be improved by incorporating context information in the skin detection process. For this reason in this article a skin detection approach that uses neighborhood information is proposed. A pixel will belong to the skin class only if a direct neighbor does. This idea is implemented through a diffusion process. Two new algorithms implementing these ideas are described and compared with state-of-the-art skin detection algorithms.