gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical vapor deposition growth and characterization of undoped and doped Ge and Ge1−xCx quantum dots on Si (1997)

Germanium quantum dots have been grown on Si substrates at various temperatures for different durations and studied with atomic force microscopy to determine the growth conditions for the smallest and most uniform size quantum dots. Ge1−xCx quantum dots grown at varying Ge:C ratios have been characterized to study the effects of strain compensation by C. The effects of P and B doping on both Ge and Ge1−xCx dots have also been investigated. The results show fewer quantum dots in Ge1−xCx due to strain compensation of Ge by C, and suggest the formation of larger dots with P doping and smaller and more uniform dots with B doping. X-ray diffraction measurements on the samples show the strain in the films, with the rocking curves changing with the ratio of C in the quantum dots.
Insulin, but Not Contraction, Activates Akt/PKB in Isolated Rat Skeletal Muscle (1998)

Insulin and muscle contraction potently stimulate glucose uptake in mammalian skeletal muscle. Studies in muscle and adipose tissue have shown that insulin induces its receptor-dependent phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2, which leads to activation of polyphosphatidylinositol (PI) 3'-kinase. In contrast, muscle contraction stimulates glucose transport via a mechanism that is independent of insulin, but the two pathways may converge downstream at the level of stimulation of GLUT4 translocation. In the present study, we have examined the role of Akt, an insulin-activated serine threonine kinase that has previously been shown to increase glucose transport in adipocytes. Either insulin or in vitro muscle contraction significantly elevated glucose transport in isolated rat epitrochlearis and soleus muscles. However, Akt kinase activity was significantly stimulated by insulin and not contraction. Moreover, wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI 3'-kinase, completely blocked the insulin-stimulated increase in Akt activity and glucose transport but did not alter either of these parameters in contracting muscles. The increases in Akt activity were paralleled by a decrease in the electrophoretic mobility of Akt, indicative of phosphorylation of Akt by an upstream kinase. These changes in Akt mobility appeared to be at least partially because of phosphorylation of Akt on serine 473. A putative downstream target of Akt, p70 S6 kinase, showed similar changes in mobility in response to insulin but not contraction. These data support the view that Akt is a downstream target of PI 3'-kinase and is involved in the signaling pathways involved in insulin but not contraction stimulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle. These data provide further evidence that two distinct pathways exist for the stimulation of glucose transport in mammalian skeletal muscle.
Finnish hereditary amyloidosis (1990)

Amyloid fibrils were isolated from the kidney of a patient with Finnish hereditary amyloidosis. After solubilization of the fibrils in guanidine-HCl, fractionation by gel filtration, and purification by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, a homogeneous amyloid protein with an apparent Mr of 9000 was obtained. The protein was subjected to enzymatic digestion by trypsin and endoproteinase Lys-C. The amino acid sequences were determined for 6 of the released peptides and they were all found to be identical to the reported, deduced primary structure of human plasma gelsoline in the region of amino acids 235-269. The results show that the amyloid fibril protein in Finnish hereditary amyloidosis represents a new type of amyloid protein that shows amino acid sequence homology with gelsoline, an actin-modulating protein.
Program Instrumentation and Software Testing (1978)

The program tester needs to know what goes on inside a program as it executes during a test Instrumentation methods permit collection of testing coverage data without modifying the logical properties of programs being tested.
The effect of adrenocorticosteroid pretreatment on kinin system and coagulation response to septic shock in the baboon. (1974)

Abstract Baboons were subjected to lethal Escherichia coli septicemic shock, by injecting live organisms, with one group receiving pretreatment with 30 mg. per kilogram of methylprednisolone and the other group serving as untreated control animals. There was an early development of disseminated intravascular coagulation and kinin activation in both groups, with progressive cardiovascular collapse and death in all animals. The kinin precursor protein kininogen decreased to close to zero level. The difference between steroid-treated and nontreated groups was that plasma kallikrein levels declined significantly in the nontreated animals. Under the conditions of the study, no other effects of corticosteroid treatment of septic shock were observed.
Destruction and Detoxification of Aflatoxins with Ozone (1988)

ABSTRACT The destruction and detoxification of aflatoxins B 1 , G 1 , B 2 and G 2 (50 μg/mL in 4% dimethyl sulfoxide) with ozone were confirmed by thin‐layer chromatography and chicken embryo assay. Aflatoxins B) and G, were sensitive to ozone and easily degraded with 1.1 mg/L of ozone within 5 min at room temperature. The result of Ames test showed the inactivation of the mutagenic activities of the toxins by ozone. Also, the deleterious acute effect of ozone‐treated aflatoxin B 2 was not detected in the rat. On the other hand, aflatoxins B 2 and G 2 were rather resistant to ozone, requiring 50–60 min to degrade them completely with 34.3 mg/L of ozone.
Evanescent field imaging of an optical fiber Bragg grating (1999)

We have investigated the evanescent field associated with an optical fiber Bragg grating using the subwavelength imaging properties of scanning near-field optical microscopy. Imaging of either the field distribution within the grating, or the periodic refractive index changes along the grating can be performed by tuning the launched light on or off the grating resonance. These measurements reveal nonuniformity in the resonant standing-wave pattern that occur due to phase errors in the refractive index profile of the grating under study.
Apoptosis of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>-infected macrophages is mediated by both tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and Fas, and involves the activation of caspases (1999)

Mycobacterium avium causes disseminated infection in AIDS patients and several forms of infection in immunocompetent hosts. Recent studies have shown that M. avium infection of macrophages in vitro leads to apoptosis of significant numbers of infected cells. Several strains of M. avium used to infect human macrophages for 5 days (multiplicity of infection of 10) triggered 28-46% higher levels of apoptosis than observed with uninfected macrophages at the same time points. Mycobacterium avium strains unable to replicate intracellularly (rep-) resulted in a 15% rate of apoptosis, while M. smegmatis-infected monolayers showed the same percentage of apoptotic cells as the uninfected macrophage control. The presence of anti-TNF-alpha antibody reduced apoptosis to 17% and the presence of anti-Fas antibody reduced apoptosis to 10%. When both antibodies were used together, the apoptosis level was 5% above the control. Treatment with TGF-beta also reduced the number of apoptotic cells in infected monolayers. If intracellular growth was inhibited, apoptosis of macrophages decreased significantly. It was also shown that apoptosis was associated with IL-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) activation and was significantly reduced by a caspase inhibitor. Gaining understanding of the mechanisms of M. avium-associated apoptosis of macrophages will provide important insight into M. avium pathogenesis.
ON DISTURBANCES OF SENSATION WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PAIN OF VISCERAL DISEASE (1893)

Journal Article ON DISTURBANCES OF SENSATION WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PAIN OF VISCERAL DISEASE Get access HENRY HEAD, M.A., M.D. HENRY HEAD, M.A., M.D. University College Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 16, Issue 1-2, 1893, Pages 1–133, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/16.1-2.1 Published: 01 January 1893
Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid antiproliferative effects: antagonism of transcription factor activity by glucocorticoid receptor (2002)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting the expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules. The molecular basis of GC action lies in their capacity to diffuse through the cell membrane and bind their cytosolic GC receptor (GR), which subsequently undergoes nuclear translocation and modulates transcriptional activation through association with promoter elements, GC response elements (GRE). GR also antagonized the activity of transcription factors, including NF-kappa B, NF-AT, and AP-1, through direct and indirect mechanisms. GCs induced the gene transcription and protein synthesis of the NF-kappa B inhibitor, I kappa B. Activated GR antagonized transcription factor activity through protein:protein interaction. This involved complexing with and inhibition of transcription factor binding to DNA (simple model), association with factor bound at its DNA site (composite model), and/or through interaction of GRE-bound GR with DNA-bound transcription factor (transmodulation model). Finally, GR competed with transcription factors for nuclear coactivators (competition model), including CBP and p300. Remarkably, GR did not affect the assembly of the preinitiation complex but acted proximally in inhibiting transcription factor activity and thus transcriptional initiation.
Detection of cerebral autoregulation by near-infrared spectroscopy in neonates: performance analysis of measurement methods (2012)

Cerebral Autoregulation, in clinical practice, is assessed by means of correlation or coherence analysis between mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, even though there is evidence linking cerebral autoregulation assessment with clinical outcome in preterm infants, available methods lack precision for clinical use. Classical methods, used for cerebral autoregulation, are influenced by the choice of parameters such as the length of the epoch under analysis and the choice of suitable frequency bands. The influence of these parameters, in the derived measurements for cerebral autoregulation, has not yet been evaluated. In this study, cerebral autoregulation was assessed using correlation, coherence, a modified version of coherence and transfer function gain, and phase. The influence of the extra-parameters on the final scores was evaluated by means of sensitivity analysis. The methods were applied to a database of 18 neonates with measurements of MABP and tissue oxygenation index (TOI). TOI reflects changes in CBF and was measured by means of near-infrared spectroscopy.
Effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2017)

MMF treatment was associated with potentially clinically important trends toward reduced annual FVC decline (similar to approved antifibrotics), greater FVC stability and improved overall survival in IPF patients. MMF was generally safe, well tolerated, and relatively inexpensive. Future prospective studies of MMF in combination with antifibrotic therapy in IPF are needed.
Ergot Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus (2008)

The putative gene fgaMT was identified in the biosynthetic gene cluster of fumigaclavines in Aspergillus fumigatus. The coding region of fgaMT was amplified by PCR from a cDNA library, cloned into pQE60, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. FgaMT comprises 339 amino acids with a molecular mass of about 38.1 kDa. The soluble dimeric His(6)-FgaMT was purified to near homogeneity and characterized biochemically. FgaMT was found to catalyze the N-methylation of 4-dimethylallyltryptophan in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine, resulting in the formation of 4-dimethylallyl-l-abrine, which was identified by NMR and mass spectrometry analysis. Therefore, FgaMT represents the second pathway-specific enzyme in the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids. The enzyme did not require metal ions for its enzymatic reaction and showed a relatively high specificity toward the prenyl moiety at position C-4 of the indole ring. 4-Dimethylallyltryptophan derivatives with modification at the indole ring were also accepted by FgaMT as substrates. K(m) values for 4-dimethylallyltryptophan and S-adenosylmethionine were determined at 0.12 and 2.4 mm, respectively. The turnover number was 2.0 s(-1).
Radiation-pressure-induced mode splitting in a spherical microcavity with an elastic shell (2007)

In this work, we present a novel method to reveal azimuthal whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in a spherical microcavity coated with a nano-meter thick polyelectrolyte shell and one monolayer of CdTe semiconductor quantum dots. The new approach in this experiment is based on the deformation of the spherical shape in a non-contact way using the radiation pressure from a laser beam, which causes the lifting of the degeneracy of the WGMs. The resonance peak linewidth and splitting parameters can be efficiently controlled by the strength of the radiation pressure and the elastic properties of the surface shell.
A comparison between anisotropic reverse time and phase-shift plus interpolation prestack migrations for tilted anisotropic media (2006)

Two 2D anisotropie prestack depth migration algorithms that use wavefield extrapolation are evaluated for tilted transversely isotropie media (TTI).The first method is anisotropie phase-shift-plus-interpolation (A-PSPI) that is based on an analytical solution of frequency-dispersion enabling the use of an arbitrary distribution of velocities and anisotropie parameters. The second method is anisotropie reverse-time (A-RT) that uses the full wave equation.We evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of there algorithms. Examples are presented that use numerical and physically modelled data along with a structurally complex real data example. Both A-PSPI and A-RT have excellent performance with A-RT maintaining the advantage of using the full wave equation.
TISSUE MANAGEMENT WITH FLEECE-BOUND SEALING: MATERIALS, MATERIAL SCIENCE AND CLINICAL IMPLEMENTATION (2004)

Carbon, R. T.; Kriegelstein, S.; Baar, S.; Schmidt, A.; Weber, P.; Huemmer, H. P. Author Information
Notes on a deformed worker of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1983)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Lewis acid-promoted condensation of allylalkoxysilanes with carbonyl compounds. Synthesis of tetrahydropyrans (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis acid-promoted condensation of allylalkoxysilanes with carbonyl compounds. Synthesis of tetrahydropyransZ. Y. Wei, D. Wang, J. S. Li, and T. H. ChanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 24, 5768–5774Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00285a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00285a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1067Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SHP-2 and myeloid malignancies (2003)

SHP-2 plays an important role in intracellular signaling elicited by growth factors, hormones, and cytokines, and it is required during development and hematopoiesis. Gain of function mutations in PTPN11, the gene encoding SHP-2, is observed in Noonan syndrome and related development disorders, as well as in myeloid malignancies. Fully characterizing the incidence and spectrum of PTPN11 mutations in hematologic malignancies, and in other forms of cancer, is an area of active investigation.
40Gb/s All-optical NOR Gate Based on Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and Fiber Delay Interferometer (2006)

An ultrafast all-optical logic NOR gate based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and a fiber delay interferometer (FDI) is presented. For high-speed input return-to-zero (RZ) signal, nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) switching windows which satisfy Boolean NOR operation can be formed by properly choosing the delay time and the phase shift of FDI. 40 Gb/s NOR operation has been demonstrated successfully with low control optical power. Simulations show that even higher speed can be expected
Joint transmitter receiver diversity for efficient space division multiaccess (2002)

The beamforming problem is studied in wireless networks where both the transmitters and receivers have linear adaptive antenna arrays. Algorithms are proposed that find the antenna array weight vectors at both the transmitters and receivers as well as the transmitter powers with one of the following two objectives: (1) to maximize the minimum signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) over all receivers and (2) to minimize the sum of the total transmitted power satisfying the SINR requirements at all links. A numerical study is performed to compare the network capacity and the power consumption among systems having a different number of antenna array elements in a code division multiple access network.
The specific hapten of group C (group II alpha) meningococcus. I. Preparation and immunological behavior. (1958)

Summary Soluble specific substances were prepared from 3 representative strains of Group C (formerly Group II α) meningococci. Dilutions as high as 1:4,000,000 of all preparations gave positive precipitin reactions with homologous rabbit antiserum. However, all evidenced some degradation of immunologic integrity, e.g. , the best preparation absorbed only ¾ of the homologous mouse-protective activity from a rabbit Group C antiserum and it failed to engender significant active immunity in mice. On the other hand, intraabdominal injection of 30 μg of this preparation/animal sharply diminished the immune response of mice to subsequent injections of an effective Group C vaccine. The precipitin reactions of these substances with an equine polyvalent antimeningococcal serum prepared in 1918 indicated that Group C meningococci had been isolated in the United States at that time, although they were not recognized as a distinct group until 1940.
Type I Interferon-Associated Recruitment of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes (2005)

We studied 253 primary melanomas of the skin for histologic signs of regression. Detailed immunohistologic analyses, including expression of MxA (an antiviral protein specifically induced by type I interferons), the chemokine IP10/CXCL10, the chemokine receptor CXCR3, and the cytotoxic molecule granzyme B, were performed for 14 typical regressive tumors and 20 control samples (congenital nevi, halo nevi, unaffected skin). We found high expression of MxA, indicating local type I interferon production, in inflamed regressive melanocytic lesions, along with large numbers of natural interferon-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells, CXCR3+ lymphocytes, and granzyme B+ lymphocytes. We also detected high expression of the interferon-induced chemokine IP10/CXCL10, linking type I interferon production and recruitment of CXCR3+ lymphocytes. Our results provide evidence that endogenous activation of type I interferons, infiltration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and recruitment of CXCR3+ and granzyme B+ lymphocytes are involved in spontaneous regression of melanoma and other melanocytic lesions. We believe this cytotoxic immune response represents an evolutionarily conserved pathway against intracellular pathogens.
Sampling Plant Tissue and Soil for Analysis (1993)

Spectrographic analysis of plant tissue is a relatively new and accurate method for determining levels of major and minor elements in growing crops. However, good results make proper sampling of crops necessary. If you follow the suggestions provided here, results of tests should be helpful. They can aid in diagnosing problem areas within fields, or in evaluating the fertility practices being followed on fields, or farms, where maximum yield is the goal.
Induction of Caspase Mediated Apoptosis and Down-Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB and Akt Signaling are Involved in the Synergistic Antitumor Effect of Gemcitabine and the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Trichostatin A in Human Bladder Cancer Cells (2011)

Results show that trichostatin A may synergistically enhance gemcitabine mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, suggesting the potential of using histone deacetylase inhibitors as combination agents to enhance the antitumor effect of gemcitabine for advanced bladder cancer.
Herbicide mixtures at high doses slow the evolution of resistance in experimentally evolving populations of <i><scp>C</scp>hlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2013)

The widespread evolution of resistance to herbicides is a pressing issue in global agriculture. Evolutionary principles and practices are key to the management of this threat to global food security. The application of mixtures of herbicides has been advocated as an anti-resistance strategy, without substantial empirical support for its validation. We evolved experimentally populations of the unicellular green chlorophyte, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of single-herbicide modes of action and to pair-wise and three-way mixtures between different herbicides at various total combined doses. Herbicide mixtures were most effective when each component was applied at or close to its MIC. When doses were high, increasing the number of mixture components was also effective in reducing the evolution of resistance. Employing mixtures at low combined doses did not retard resistance evolution, even accelerating the evolution of resistance to some components. At low doses, increasing the number of herbicides in the mixture tended to select for more generalist resistance (cross-resistance). Our results reinforce findings from the antibiotic resistance literature and confirm that herbicide mixtures can be very effective for resistance management, but that mixtures should only be employed where the economic and environmental context permits the applications of high combined doses.
Image recognition based on deep learning (2015)

Deep learning is a multilayer neural network learning algorithm which emerged in recent years. It has brought a new wave to machine learning, and making artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction advance with big strides. We applied deep learning to handwritten character recognition, and explored the two mainstream algorithm of deep learning: the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the Deep Belief NetWork (DBN). We conduct the performance evaluation for CNN and DBN on the MNIST database and the real-world handwritten character database. The classification accuracy rate of CNN and DBN on the MNIST database is 99.28% and 98.12% respectively, and on the real-world handwritten character database is 92.91% and 91.66% respectively. The experiment results show that deep learning does have an excellent feature learning ability. It don't need to extract features manually. Deep learning can learn more nature features of the data.