gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Silanolates with Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Halides (2009)

The alkali-metal salts (potassium and sodium) of a large number of aryl- and heteroarylsilanols undergo efficient cross-coupling with a wide range of aromatic bromides and chlorides under mild conditions to form polysubstituted biaryls. The critical feature for the success of these coupling reactions and their considerable scope is the use of bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium. Under the optimized conditions, electron-rich, electron-poor, and sterically hindered arylsilanolates afford cross-coupling products in good yields. Many functional groups are compatible with the coupling conditions such as esters, ketones, acetals, ethers, silyl ethers, and dimethylamino groups. Two particularly challenging substrates, (2-benzofuranyl)dimethylsilanolate and (2,6-dichlorophenyl)dimethylsilanolate prepared as their sodium salts showed excellent activity in the coupling reactions, in the former case also with aromatic chlorides. General methods for the efficient synthesis of a wide range of aromatic silanols are also described.
Master Monitor Display Application Study for F-14 (1977)

Abstract : This Report summarizes the results of a study to replace the existing Caution Advisory Indicator in the F-14 with a Master Monitor Display (MMD). An MMD is described which uses the existing F-14 fault sensors with a few additions, and with several minor modifications to the aircraft interface. The MMD design features 'management by exception', and provides automatic display of fault and course of action information on a cathode ray tube readout for all detected faults. It also provides for manual display of total systems status, system fault, and fault history information on a call up basis.
Recent advances in FRC physics (2002)

Field-reversed configurations (FRC) are plasma confinement systems with no toroidal magnets and little toroidal field. The typical plasma shape is sausage-like. FRCs have natural attributes that render them ideal for magnetic fusion: geometric simplicity (singly-connected plasma); magnetic simplicity (high-/spl beta/, poloidal field only); simple heat exhaust handling (natural divertor); and advanced fusion fuels potential (low synchrotron loss). This paper reviews progress in FRC research since about 1988. These recent results have been favorable, raising hopes for the ultimate development of the FRC into a practical fusion system. Notable recent advances include: the operation of the largest FRC facility ever built, forming stable, long-lived plasmas with confinement times approaching a millisecond; the development of a theory that quantitatively explains the global stability of experiments to date; and the demonstration of the true thermal isolation of FRCs from cold wall surfaces. Important current frontiers are the possibility that the FRC may have a robust minimum energy state, and the application of rotating magnetic fields for current drive.
Realizing Cycle Accurate Processor Memory Simulation via Interface Abstraction (2011)

SoC designers typically use a processor simulator to generate a memory trace and apply the generated trace to a memory simulator in order to collect the performance statistics of a complete system. This is an inaccurate process for most applications, making it difficult to optimize the processor and memory configurations. In this paper, we study the problems encountered in the typical simulation approach and propose a methodology which utilizes an interface layer component to link the processor simulator and memory simulator seamlessly. The interface layer component presented in this paper can be used as the connector between the processor module and memory module in building an execution-driven approach which can be applied to process run-time memory requests rather than the traditional trace driven simulation approaches. By applying the proposed interface layer component to link the processor simulator and memory simulator, the estimated performance statistics of the system and the average power consumption of the memory system can be collected with high accuracy. We prove the necessity of our approach by evaluating six benchmarks. Over these benchmarks, there is an 80% variation in the choice of memory latency to achieve the most accurate power consumption and a 16% variation in the choice of memory latency to achieve the most accurate execution time. The increase in accuracy comes at an average increase in simulation time of 13.5%.
A digital readout technique for capacitive sensor applications (1988)

The difference between two capacitors is measured digitally using a charge redistribution technique incorporating a comparator, MOS switches, a successive approximation register, and a digital-to-analog converter. The technique is insensitive to comparator offset and parasitic capacitance, and the effect of MOS switch charge injection is measured and canceled. Extensive measurements have been made from test chips fabricated in 3- mu m CMOS technology. Detection of percent differences of <0.5% on 20-100-fF capacitors has been successfully demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid spectrophotometric determination of nitrate in mineral waters with resorcinol (1985)

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrate, using resorcinol as the reagent, is described. The method is rapid with good reproducibility and low interference from common inorganic ions. The method has been applied to the determination of nitrate in mineral waters.
Comparison of Step Length Estimators from Weareable Accelerometer Devices (2006)

Wearable accelerometry provides easily portable systems that supply real-time data adequate for gait analysis. When they do not provide direct measurement of a spatio-temporal parameter of interest, such as step length, it has to be estimated with a mathematical model from indirect sensor measurements. In this work we are concerned with the accelerometry-based estimation of the step length in straight line human walking. We compare five step length estimators. Measurements were taken from a group of four adult men, adding up a total of 800 m per individual of walking data. Also modifications to these estimators are proposed, based on biomechanical considerations. Results show that this modifications lead to improvements of interest over previous methods.
Expected Position Error for an Onboard Satellite GPS Receiver (2015)

Abstract : The Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation provides ranging information that delivers inexpensive, high precision positioning for terrestrial users. Satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) can use an onboard GPS receiver resulting in meter-level navigation solution accuracy. There are limitations to using GPS for positioning for satellites above LEO. The number of GPS satellites who's signal can be received decreases as the receivers altitude approaches that of the GPS constellation. Above the GPS constellation, the available GPS signals for ranging will originate from satellites on the opposite side of Earth. This research calculates the available GPS signals to the receiver and determines the expected position error, while considering the effects from a low signal to noise ratio, poor geometry, and signal shift caused by high relative velocity.
Decoding and calibration method on focused plenoptic camera (2016)

The ability of light gathering of plenoptic camera opens up new opportunities for a wide range of computer vision applications. An efficient and accurate method to calibrate plenoptic camera is crucial for its development. This paper describes a 10-intrinsic-parameter model for focused plenoptic camera with misalignment. By exploiting the relationship between the raw image features and the depth–scale information in the scene, we propose to estimate the intrinsic parameters from raw images directly, with a parallel biplanar board which provides depth prior. The proposed method enables an accurate decoding of light field on both angular and positional information, and guarantees a unique solution for the 10 intrinsic parameters in geometry. Experiments on both simulation and real scene data validate the performance of the proposed calibration method.
Protection of brain cells against AMPA‐induced damage by Asiasari radix extracts (2003)

We determined whether Asiasari Radix (AR) extracts have protective actions in brain cells. Methanol extracts of Asiasari Radix (fraction 1) have significant inhibitory effects on the AMPA-induced rat cortical depolarization in the grease gap assay. In differentiated PC12 cells, it almost completely protected against AMPA-induced cell death. In addition, it had some protective actions in C6 glial cells death induced by AMPA. The methanol extracts (fraction 1) of AR were subsequently fractionated into chloroform-(fraction 2), chloroform/methanol-(3:1) (fraction 3), methanol-soluble (fraction 4) and methanol-insoluble, water-soluble fractions (fraction 5). Among these, fraction 4 had the strongest inhibitory effects against AMPA-induced cell death in the PC 12 cells and also dramatically inhibited AMPA-induced depolarization of rat brain cortex in the grease gap assay. Interestingly, fraction 4 blocked the Zn-induced oxidative damages in C6 glial cells.
Effect of sterilization methods on 3-chloroaniline behavior in soil (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of sterilization methods on 3-chloroaniline behavior in soilClinton L. Fletcher and Donald D. KaufmanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 3, 667–671Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60229a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60229a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Precipitation polymerization of acrylamide using vazo‐33 as an initiator and acetonitrile/water mixtures as the solvent (1986)

Abstract Precipitation polymerization of acrylamide initiated by a thermal initiator, Vazo‐33 (DuPont Vazo Initiator), was achieved at a solvent composition of acetonitrile/water = 4/6 (vol/vol). The polymerization kinetics were investigated in the acrylamide [M] concentration range 0.86–2.27 M , Vazo‐33 [I] concentration range 1.4–11.0 × 10 −4 M , and temperature range 30–40°C. Polymerization was carried out in reaction ampules and the rate was determined gravimetrically. Number‐average molecular weight was obtained from intrinsic viscosity. The precipitation polymerization rate varied as [M] 2.16 and [I] 0.44 . Number‐average molecular weight was proportional to [M] 1.22 and inversely proportional to [I] 0.31 . The overall reaction activation energy was calculated as 17.3 kcal/mol in the temperature range studied. The optimal reaction conditions studied were: acetonitrile/water = 4/6, temperature = 40°C, [M] = 1.95 M and [ I ] = 2.8 × 10 −4 M. One hundred percent conversion was achieved in 90 min and a polymer with a number‐average molecular weight of 1,200,000 was obtained.
Synthesis, biological activity and DNA interaction of anilinoacridine and bithiazole peptide derivatives related to the anti-tumor drugs m-AMSA and bleomycin. (1989)

The synthesis of two depsipeptides including a peptide metal-chelating moiety (Gly-His-Lys) and a moiety with DNA affinity, namely either glycyl-anilino-9-aminoacridine 1 or 2'-(2-aminoethyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl-2",4'-bithiazole 2, has been carried out. The goal was to introduce separately on the same molecule the two factors contributing to the biological activity of many anti-tumor drugs. The interaction of both drugs with DNA has been studied and the acridine ring of 1 was found to intercalate in the double helix. The production of free radicals has been evidenced by spin-trapping for 1 although both compounds were revealed to be good copper-chelating agents. In vitro cytostatic activity and inhibition of [3H]-thymidine incorporation were obtained for 1 while 2 exhibited no activity in both tests. In view of these results, it can be pointed out that the anti-tumor properties of such drugs rely (1) on their ability to reach and to bind DNA and (2) on redox mechanisms involving interactions between the drugs, metals and molecular oxygen. The latter phenomenon leads to the formation of active radical species, able to degrade the DNA.
Comparing and aggregating rankings with ties (2004)

Rank aggregation has recently been proposed as a useful abstraction that has several applications, including meta-search, synthesizing rank functions from multiple indices, similarity search, and classification. In database applications (catalog searches, fielded searches, parametric searches, etc.), the rankings are produced by sorting an underlying database according to various fields. Typically, there are a number of fields that each have very few distinct values, and hence the corresponding rankings have many ties in them. Known methods for rank aggregation are poorly suited to this context, and the difficulties can be traced back to the fact that we do not have sound mathematical principles to compare two partial rankings, that is, rankings that allow ties.In this work, we provide a comprehensive picture of how to compare partial rankings, We propose several metrics to compare partial rankings, present algorithms that efficiently compute them, and prove that they are within constant multiples of each other. Based on these concepts, we formulate aggregation problems for partial rankings, and develop a highly efficient algorithm to compute the top few elements of a near-optimal aggregation of multiple partial rankings. In a model of access that is suitable for databases, our algorithm reads essentially as few elements of each partial ranking as are necessary to determine the winner(s).
Spatial and temporal filtering in a low-cost MPEG bit rate transcoder (2002)

The MPEG bit-rate transcoder with motion compensation, MC-BRT, that exactly derives from a simplified synchronized decoder/encoder cascade, is considered. Such a transcoder is cost effective but lacks features such as spatial and temporal filtering. These features are known to improve the encoder performance at low bit-rates. Such features would be highly desirable in the MC-BRT since most applications now involve critical bit-rates. This paper shows that spatial and motion compensated temporal filtering can be implemented in the MC-BRT at a negligible cost. The filters are analyzed and control variables are given. Simulations reveal the efficiency of the method in terms of noise reduction as well as its great impact on image quality.
Li<sup>+</sup>-Catalyzed Radical Polymerization of Simple Terminal Alkenes (2006)

Solutions of Li+ salts of highly alkylated derivatives of the monocarbadodecaborate anion in 1,2-dichloroethane catalyze the radical polymerization of simple terminal alkenes, dienes, and alkynes under ambient conditions, initiated by azoisobutyronitrile, di-tert-butyl peroxide, or atmospheric air.
Intrathecal Capsaicin Depletes Substance P in the Rat Spinal Cord and Produces Prolonged Thermal Analgesia (1979)

A single intrathecal injection of capsaicin depletes substance P from primary sensory neurons and causes a prolonged increase in the thermal and chemical pain thresholds of the rat but no apparent change in responses to noxious mechanical stimuli.
Multilevel Adaptive Methods for Partial Differential Equations. (1992)

1. Introduction 2. The Finite Volume Element Method (FVE) 3. Multigrid Methods (MG) 4. The Fast Adaptive Composite Grid Method (FAC) 5. The Asynchronous Fast Adaptive Composite Grid Method (AFAC) Appendix References Index.
Techniques in hacking and simulating a modem automotive controller area network (2016)

This research will demonstrate hacking techniques on the modern automotive network and describe the design and implementation of a benchtop simulator. In currently-produced vehicles, the primary network is based on the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus described in the ISO 11898 family of protocols. The CAN bus performs well in the electronically noisy environment found in the modern automobile. While the CAN bus is ideal for the exchange of information in this environment, when the protocol was designed security was not a priority due to the presumed isolation of the network. That assumption has been invalidated by recent, well-publicized attacks where hackers were able to remotely control an automobile, leading to a product recall that affected more than a million vehicles. The automobile has a multitude of electronic control units (ECUs) which are interconnected with the CAN bus to control the various systems which include the infotainment, light, and engine systems. The CAN bus allows the ECUs to share information along a common bus which has led to improvements in fuel and emission efficiency, but has also introduced vulnerabilities by giving access on the same network to cyber-physical systems (CPS). These CPS systems include the anti-lock braking systems (ABS) and on late model vehicles the ability to turn the steering wheel and control the accelerator. Testing functionality on an operational vehicle can be dangerous and place others in harm's way, but simulating the vehicle network and functionality of the ECUs on a bench-top system provides a safe way to test for vulnerabilities and to test possible security solutions to prevent CPS access over the CAN bus network. This paper will describe current research on the automotive network, provide techniques in capturing network traffic for playback, and demonstrate the design and implementation of a benchtop system for continued research on the CAN bus.
Ethylene Insensitivity Conferred by <i>Arabidopsis</i> ERS Gene (1995)

ERS (ethylene response sensor), a gene in the Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene hormone-response pathway, was uncovered by cross-hybridization with the Arabidopsis ETR1 gene. The deduced ERS protein has sequence similarity with the amino-terminal domain and putative histidine protein kinase domain of ETR1, but it does not have a receiver domain as found in ETR1. A missense mutation identical to the dominant etr1-4 mutation was introduced into the ERS gene. The altered ERS gene conferred dominant ethylene insensitivity to wild-type Arabidopsis. Double-mutant analysis indicates that ERS acts upstream of the CTR1 protein kinase gene in the ethylene-response pathway.
Thiopegan Derivatives : Part XXXV. A Study of the Reaction between 6-Amino Piperonal and Allyl lsothiocyanate (1969)

Condensation of 6-amino piperonal and allyl isothiocyanate furnished N-2-aldehydo-4: 5-methy-lenedioxy phenyl-N-allyl thiourea which has been cyclised to give 2-methyl-4-chloro-6: 7-methylenedioxy 10: 11-thiopega-9-ene hydrochloride and 2-bromomethyl-4-bromo-6 : 7-methylenedioxy-10: 11-thiopega-9-ene by treatment with dry hydrochloric acid gas and bromine respectively. These products have been condensed with some amines to introduce basic side chains a t position 4.
Automating impact analysis and regression test selection based on UML designs (2003)

We present a methodology and a tool to support test selection from regression test suites based on change analysis in object-oriented designs. We assume that designs are represented using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and we propose a formal mapping between design changes and a classification of regression test cases, i.e., three categories: reusable, retestable, and obsolete. We provide evidence of the feasibility of the methodology and its usefulness by using our prototype tool on an industrial case study.
Minimal-volume excision of nonpalpable breast lesions (1989)

To explore the value of accurate preoperative localization of occult breast lesions, we reviewed 100 consecutive needle-directed breast biopsies performed by the same surgeon over a 1-year period. A spring hookwire device for localization was inserted parallel to the chest wall. Two thirds of biopsies were performed under local anesthesia, and all were performed in an outpatient setting. Sixteen lesions were invasive carcinomas, and eight were ductal carcinomas in situ. In 96 lesions, the localizing wire was placed within 2 mm of the lesion, and in the remaining four it was within 5 mm of the abnormality. The mammographic lesion was excised in the first specimen in 96 cases. One patient required a second biopsy because of failure to excise the lesion in question after three specimens were taken. The only surgical complication was one hematoma, which resolved within 3 months. Median specimen volume for the entire series was 6.0 cm3. Median largest specimen diameter was 2.5 cm. Precise preoperative localization with a spring hookwire to within 2 mm of the mammographic lesion allows the surgeon to excise a median volume of 6 cm3 breast tissue with consistent retrieval of the lesion.
Task Group 142 report: Quality assurance of medical acceleratorsa) (2009)

The task group (TG) for quality assurance of medical accelerators was constituted by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine's Science Council under the direction of the Radiation Therapy Committee and the Quality Assurance and Outcome Improvement Subcommittee. The task group (TG-142) had two main charges. First to update, as needed, recommendations of Table II of the AAPM TG-40 report on quality assurance and second, to add recommendations for asymmetric jaws, multileaf collimation (MLC), and dynamic/virtual wedges. The TG accomplished the update to TG-40, specifying new test and tolerances, and has added recommendations for not only the new ancillary delivery technologies but also for imaging devices that are part of the linear accelerator. The imaging devices include x-ray imaging, photon portal imaging, and cone-beam CT. The TG report was designed to account for the types of treatments delivered with the particular machine. For example, machines that are used for radiosurgery treatments or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) require different tests and/or tolerances. There are specific recommendations for MLC quality assurance for machines performing IMRT. The report also gives recommendations as to action levels for the physicists to implement particular actions, whether they are inspection, scheduled action, or immediate and corrective action. The report is geared to be flexible for the physicist to customize the QA program depending on clinical utility. There are specific tables according to daily, monthly, and annual reviews, along with unique tables for wedge systems, MLC, and imaging checks. The report also gives specific recommendations regarding setup of a QA program by the physicist in regards to building a QA team, establishing procedures, training of personnel, documentation, and end-to-end system checks. The tabulated items of this report have been considerably expanded as compared with the original TG-40 report and the recommended tolerances accommodate differences in the intended use of the machine functionality (non-IMRT, IMRT, and stereotactic delivery).