gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel centrifugal gas compressors can be controlled more effectively (1986)

Energy efficiency of parallel, centrifugal gas compressors can be improved by controlling the compressors to unload simultaneously to their surge limits. Simultaneous unloading to the surge limits can also allow more precise pressure control, provide better compressor protection, and allow simpler automated control systems. Specific power consumption is also offered as an improved definition of energy efficiency. Because polytropic efficiency, the most common efficiency measure, defines only the energy efficiency to compress a gas between the inlet port and the discharge port of a compressor, it does not account for the efficiency of gas delivery to the user. Specific power consumption includes energy costs that must be paid for but which are not accounted for by polytropic efficiency. This first of two articles discusses the concept of simultaneous loading and unloading of centrifugal compressors and compares the method with other control strategies. The concept of specific power consumption is also defined. The conclusion describes an algorithm for simultaneous loading and unloading to the surge limit. The efficiency and reliability of centrifugal compressors can be severely limited by the control system. Less-than-effective controls, rather than mechanical design, is often the cause of lost efficiency, shutdowns, and damage.
Selective Amine Recognition:  Development of a Chemosensor for Dopamine and Norepinephrine (2004)

[reaction: see text] A boronic acid-containing coumarin aldehyde was designed and synthesized. The sensor binds to catecholamines such as dopamine and norepinephrine by forming an iminium ion with the amine as well as a boronate ester with the catechol. An internal hydrogen bond produces a colorimetric response to these analytes with good selectivity for catecholamines over simple amines. The fluorescence of the sensor is quenched by the catechol.
Automatic multicast IPsec by using a proactive IPsec discovery protocol and a group key management (2008)

Internet protocol based networking is gaining ground in armed forces, leading to a concept described by the NATO as network centric capabilities (NCC). The goal is to enable state-of-the-art, affordable and powerful electronic information services to the troops. A tighter connection of the forces is expected to further enhance the joined strike capabilities. Providing secure information exchange within groups of armed forces is one aspect of the NCC concept. Such group communication is enabled by the multicast feature of the IP technology. Security requirements are met by using the IP security (IPsec) architecture. IPsec enables secure communication between secure private networks via an unsecured public text network. While secure unicast transmission with IPsec is common, only few achievements have been made to secure multicast transmissions. The protection of multicast data traffic of a group in an automated way is described in this document. We utilize an automatic detection of IPsec devices and an efficient key management protocol to reach our aim.
Heterojunction bipolar transistor using pseudomorphic GaInAs for the base (1986)

We report on replacing the GaAs base in the AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor with pseudomorphic GaInAs. Base regions consisting of uniform Ga0.95In0.05As and graded Ga1−yInyAs (y=0.0–0.05) are compared to base regions consisting of GaAs. The highest dc common emitter current gain is obtained with the graded Ga1−yInyAs base.
T4 lysozyme-facilitated crystallization of the human molybdenum cofactor-dependent enzyme mARC (2018)

The human mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component (hmARC) is a molybdenum cofactor-dependent enzyme that is involved in the reduction of a diverse range of N-hydroxylated compounds of either physiological or xenobiotic origin. In this study, the use of a fusion-protein approach with T4 lysozyme (T4L) to determine the structure of this hitherto noncrystallizable enzyme by X-ray crystallography is described. A set of four different hmARC-T4L fusion proteins were designed. Two of them contained either an N-terminal or a C-terminal T4L moiety fused to hmARC, while the other two contained T4L as an internal fusion partner tethered to the hmARC enzyme between two predicted secondary-structure elements. One of these internal fusion constructs could be expressed and crystallized successfully. The hmARC-T4L crystals diffracted to 1.7 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation and belonged to space group P2<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub> with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. Initial attempts to solve the structure by molecular replacement using T4L did not result in electron-density distributions that were sufficient for model building and interpretation of the hmARC moiety. However, this study emphasizes the utility of the T4L fusion-protein approach, which can be used for the crystallization and structure determination of membrane-bound proteins as well as soluble proteins.
Performance Evaluation of the Siemens Electronic Portal Imaging Device for IMRT Plan Verification (2015)

A commercially available amorphous Silicon Electronic Portal imaging device (aSi-EPID) installed onto Siemens Oncor Linear accelerator was evaluated with the objective to be implemented for IMRT quality assurance. EPID properties were investigated; these include reproducibility, dependences between the relative EPID responses and field size, dose rate were studied for both photon beams. To determine the inherent build-up of the EPID, varied thickness of Solid-water was placed onto the detector surface and changes in EPID signals were investigated. EPID measurements were compared with ionization chamber measurements (type 30013) connected to a UNIDOS electrometer (PTW-Freiberg) in Water phantom. The use of EPID dose maps was tested by comparing it with TPS-calculated one for IMRT plan applying gamma criteria of 3%/3mm. The results demonstrated that the aSi-EPID signals were reproducible, and response to the applied MUs were linear up to 100 MUs, and then the response became stable for MUs higher than 200, detector should be calibrated in this range. The results showed a clear dependency on the field size and energy. The dosimetric properties measured in this work shows promise that the aSi-EPID can be used for IMRT verifications.
Folded Dual-band (2.4/5.2GHz) Antenna Fabricated on Silicon Suspended Parylene Membrane (2006)

A novel and simple kind of dual-band monopole MEMS membrane antenna fabricated on silicon suspended parylene membrane is presented. This parylene membrane is a flexible polymer film and it can be coated on various shapes and surfaces of materials or even peeled off from materials as thin flexible substrate. Because of its low deposition processing temperature, it is possible to be fabricated on CMOS circuits post process with MEMS technology. This folded monopole parylene membrane antenna provides two resonant paths of different lengths to achieve the desired dual-band (2.4/5.2GHz) operation for Bluetooth and WLAN application. The low cost, easy fabrication, easily stickable and peel-off flexible properties of this parylene membrane makes it very attractive and convenient in any wireless portable devices such as mobile phone, RFID tag, Bluetooth and WLAN devices, even any wearable clothes... etc.
Translocation of C<sub>60</sub> and Its Derivatives Across a Lipid Bilayer (2007)

Obtaining an understanding, at the atomic level, of the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems has recently become an issue of great research interest. Here we report on the molecular dynamics study of the translocation of fullerene C60 and its derivative C60(OH)20 across a model cell membrane (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or DPPC bilayer). The simulation results indicate that, although a pristine C60 molecule can readily "jump" into the bilayer and translocate the membrane within a few milliseconds, the C60(OH)20 molecule can barely penetrate the bilayer. Indeed, the mean translocation time via diffusion for the C60(OH)20 molecule is several orders of magnitude longer than for the former. It was also determined that the two different forms of fullerenes, when adsorbed into/onto the bilayer, affected the membrane structure differently. This study offers a mechanistic explanation of that difference and for the reduced acute toxicity of functionalized fullerenes.
Efficient Light Management in a Monolithic Tandem Perovskite/Silicon Solar Cell by Using a Hybrid Metasurface (2019)

Solar energy is now dealing with the challenge of overcoming the Shockley-Queisser limit of single bandgap solar cells. Multilayer solar cells are a promising solution as the so-called third generation of solar cells. The combination of materials with different bandgap energies in multijunction cells enables power conversion efficiencies up to 30% at reasonable costs. However, interfaces between different layers are critical due to optical losses. In this work, we propose a hybrid metasurface in a monolithic perovskite-silicon solar cell. The design takes advantage of light management to optimize the absorption in the perovskite, as well as an efficient light guiding towards the silicon subcell. Furthermore, we have also included the effect of a textured back contact. The optimum proposal provides an enhancement of the matched short-circuit current density of a 20.5% respect to the used planar reference.
A study of the haematologic spectrum of myelodysplastic syndrome. (2001)

In 31 patients of myelodysplastic syndrome, RAEB-t was the commonest subtype (29%), and RARS, the lease common (6.4%); 19.4% were characterised as the unclassifiable (UC) group. Pallor was the dominant sign (90.3%). Low haemoglobin in RA & RARS (p<0.05), thrombocytopenia in RAEB-t (p<0.01) and high leuco/monocyte counts in CMML (p<0.001) were observed. Neutropenia occurred most frequently in RAEB & RAEB-t and circulating blasts in all cases of RAEB-t and CMML. Bicytopenia was the commonest finding (58.1%) and pancytopenia the least (16.1%). 84% of marrows were hypercellular and trilineage dysplasia was seen in 68% of patients. Megaloblastoid dyserythropoiesis was the predominant feature in all cases, dysgranulopoiesis in all cases of RAEB, RAEB-t and CMML, and micromegokaryocytes in all cases of RARS, RAEB & CMML were seen. RAEB-t and RAEB (33.3% each) were the predominant groups which progressed to leukemia, FAB AML-M2, being the commonest type (60%).
Asymmetric Michael Addition of Malonate Anions to Prochiral Acceptors Catalyzed by <scp>l</scp>-Proline Rubidium Salt (1996)

l-Proline rubidium salt catalyzes the asymmetric Michael addition of malonate anions to prochiral enones and enals. This method can be applied to a wide range of substrates to give adducts with a predictable absolute configuration: (S)-adducts from (E)-enones/enals and (R)-adducts from cyclic (Z)-enones. Both the secondary amine moiety and the carboxylate moiety are critical for the catalytic activity and asymmetric induction. Varying the countercation also affects the reaction course. High enantiomeric excesses were attained when di(tert-butyl) malonate was added to (E)-enones in the presence of CsF. The stereochemistry of the Michael reaction indicates that asymmetric induction takes place via enantioface discrimination involving the acceptor α-carbon atom rather than the β-carbon atom.
Free Radical Additions Involving Fluorine Compounds. V. Reactions of 1,2-Dibromo-2-chloro- and 1,2-Dichloro-2-iodo-1,1,2-trifluoroethane with Fluoroölefins<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree Radical Additions Involving Fluorine Compounds. V. Reactions of 1,2-Dibromo-2-chloro- and 1,2-Dichloro-2-iodo-1,1,2-trifluoroethane with Fluoroölefins1Paul Tarrant and Marvin R. LilyquistCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 13, 3640–3642Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1955https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01618a063RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (376 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study on Relationship between Electroluminescence Properties and Molecular Weight Distribution of Poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene) Using Photoluminescence (2005)

Polyfluorenes (PFs) have attracted attention as conjugated polymer materials that can be promising as polymer-based emissive displays. PFs have a blue emission, a high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield and thermal and chemical stabilities. The highly efficient blue emission from the PF structure is attractive for a display consisting of polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We synthesized 10 kinds of poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene) (PDOF) of different molecular weight distributions and studied their PL and electroluminescence properties. Moreover, we also studied their fluorescent lifetime. As a result, we found that optimum molecular weight of PF-based LEDs is about 10 5 . From this result, it is thought that it is important to control the molecular weight of PDOF for PF-based LEDs.
Cystine/Glutamate Exchange Modulates Glutathione Supply for Neuroprotection from Oxidative Stress and Cell Proliferation (2006)

The cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT) provides intracellular cyst(e)ine for production of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant. Using xCT overexpression and underexpression, we present evidence that xCT-dependent glutathione production modulates both neuroprotection from oxidative stress and cell proliferation. In embryonic and adult rat brain, xCT protein was enriched at the CSF-brain barrier (i.e., meninges) and also expressed in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum. To examine the neuroprotective role of xCT, various non-neuronal cell types (astrocytes, meningeal cells, and peripheral fibroblasts) were cocultured with immature cortical neurons and exposed to oxidative glutamate toxicity, a model involving glutathione depletion. Cultured meningeal cells, which naturally maintain high xCT expression, were more neuroprotective than astrocytes. Selective xCT overexpression in astrocytes was sufficient to enhance glutathione synthesis/release and confer potent glutathione-dependent neuroprotection from oxidative stress. Moreover, normally nonprotective fibroblasts could be re-engineered to be neuroprotective with ectopic xCT overexpression indicating that xCT is a key step in the pathway to glutathione synthesis. Conversely, astrocytes and meningeal cells derived from sut/sut mice (xCT loss-of-function mutants) showed greatly reduced proliferation in culture attributable to increased oxidative stress and thiol deficiency, because growth could be rescued by the thiol-donor beta-mercaptoethanol. Strikingly, sut/sut mice developed brain atrophy by early adulthood, exhibiting ventricular enlargement, thinning of the cortex, and shrinkage of the striatum. Our results indicate that xCT can provide neuroprotection by enhancing glutathione export from non-neuronal cells such as astrocytes and meningeal cells. Furthermore, xCT is critical for cell proliferation during development in vitro and possibly in vivo.
Blind equalization of nonlinear channels from second-order statistics (2001)

This paper addresses the blind equalization problem for single-input multiple-output nonlinear channels, based on the second-order statistics (SOS) of the received signal. We consider the class of "linear in the parameters" channels, which can be seen as multiple-input systems in which the additional inputs are nonlinear functions of the signal of interest. These models include (but are not limited to) polynomial approximations of nonlinear systems. Although any SOS-based method can only identify the channel to within a mixing matrix (at best), sufficient conditions are given to ensure that the ambiguity is at a level that still allows for the computation of linear FIR equalizers from the received signal SOS, should such equalizers exist. These conditions involve only statistical characteristics of the input signal and the channel nonlinearities and can therefore be checked a priori. Based on these conditions, blind algorithms are developed for the computation of the linear equalizers. Simulation results show that these algorithms compare favorably with previous deterministic methods.
Tandem reaction of 1,2-allenic ketone with α-halo ketone or α-halo ester in water: an efficient and sustainable synthesis of 1,3,4′-tricarbonyl compounds (2011)

An efficient and sustainable synthesis of the otherwise difficult to obtain 1,3,4′-tricarbonyl compounds through a water mediated, TBAF·3H2O promoted unprecedented tandem reaction of 1,2-allenic ketone with α-halo ketone or α-halo ester has been developed. Remarkably enhanced reactivity and improved chemoselectivity by using water as the reaction medium was observed. The 1,3,4′-tricarbonyl compounds facilitate further versatile transformations, which underscores the importance of these products as synthetic intermediates.
Effect of Yttrium addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–Ca alloy (2013)

The effects of Y on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the solution treated Mg–6Zn–0·5Ca alloys were investigated in this study. The results indicated that the alloy was mainly composed of α-Mg solid solution and the secondary phases of MgZn2, Ca2Mg6Zn3 and Mg12ZnY. The grains size of the solution treated alloys decreased from 210 to 80 μm with the increasing of Y content up to 1·5 wt-%. The great progressional mechanical properties were observed in the prepared Mg–6Zn–0·5Ca–1Y alloy at room temperature, the ultimate tensile strength (σb), tensile yield strength (σ0·2) and elongation (ϵ) were 284 MPa, 166 MPa and 14·7% respectively, which was determined by the combined contributions of solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening plus grain size refinement strengthening.
High efficiency white LEDs with 2D photonic quasi-crystal and patterned sapphire substrate (2008)

A high emitting efficiency GaN-based white LED with 2D PQC on surface and PSS were successfully fabricated. After packaging, 21% enhancement in emitting luminous flux was achieved under the driving current 20 mA.
Free-flight measurements of the drag and longitudinal stability of a transonic M-wing aircraft (1963)

Free-flight tests have been made on a model of an M-wing aircraft designed to cruise at M = 1·2 with a subsonic type of flow on the wing surfaces. Results are presented for the zero-lift drag and longitudinal stability characteristics over the Mach number range from 0·9 to 1·3. It is shown that the design aims have been achieved in that no evidence of shocks in the wing root was found and that some suppression of the wing wave drag occurred. The results are compared with those from free-flight tests on a sweptwing model having the same body, fin and tailplane configuration.
Physical and psychological capabilities during substitution therapy with recombinant growth hormone in adults with growth hormone deficiency (1990)

In a double-blind cross-over study with recombinant methionyl growth hormone (GH) and placebo during 12 weeks, the effect of GH substitution therapy (0.5-06 IU.kg-1.week-1) on physical performance, muscle strength, bone mineral density, and mood and cognitive functions was investigated in 6 GH-deficient adults. During GH substitution serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and procollagen-III peptide increased in all 6 patients, whereas concentrations of serum urea decreased. Five of the patients identified the GH period and reported improved well-being with increased mental alertness and vitality and improved physical capacity and muscle strength. There was, however, no change of the isokinetic muscle strength during GH substitution therapy, and the working capacity on the bicycle ergometer was just slightly improved in some patients. The bone mineral density was low and unchanged in all patients. Mood and cognitive functions did not change during GH therapy. A reversible fluid retention was observed in one patient during the GH period. In conclusion, short-term GH substitution therapy to GH-deficient adults induced a subjective improvement of general well-being. Longer treatment periods will be necessary to establish the effect on physical capacity, muscle strength, bone mineral density, and mood and cognitive functions.
Quantum Brain Dynamics and Consciousness (1995)

This introduction to quantum brain dynamics is accessible to a broad interdisciplinary audience. The authors, a brain scientist and a theoretical physicist, present a new quantum framework for investigating advanced functions of the brain such as consciousness and memory. The book is the first to give a systematic account, founded in fundamental quantum physical principles, of how the brain functions as a unified system. It is based on the quantum field theory originated in the 1960s by the great theoretical physicist, Hiroomi Umezawa, to whom the book is dedicated. Both quantum physics for sub-microscopic constituents of brain cells and tissues, and classical physics for the microscopic and macroscopic constituents, are simultaneously justified by this theory. It poses an alternative to the dominant conceptions in the neuro- and cognitive sciences, which take neurons organized into networks as the basic constituents of the brain. Certain physical substrates in the brain are shown to support quantum field phenomena, and the resulting strange quantum properties are used to explain consciousness and memory. The whole of memory is stored in such a state of macroscopic order and consciousness is realized by the creation and annihilation dynamics of energy quanta of the electromagnetic field and molecular fields of water and protein. This change of perspective results in a radically new vision of how the brain functions. (Series A, B)
R.F. induction furnace for silica-fibre drawing (1976)

An r.f. induction furnace is described to be used in a standard-type machine for drawing silica fibres for optical communication. The furnace consists of a small induction-heated graphite element which is fitted in a ‘concentrator’ (stepdown transformer) placed directly in the tank coil of the r.f. generator, thus allowing one to maximise the matching efficiency between the generator and the heating element. The small dimensions of the graphite element make the furnace quickly responsive to input-power variations, so that it can be brought to a maximum temperature of 2180 K in 10 s. An argon atmosphere and an additional argon laminar flow are provided to avoid fibre contamination by the sublimated graphite, as well as to preserve the graphite susceptor. Successful tests of furnace operation have been carried out.