gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of theatrical smokes and fogs on respiratory health in the entertainment industry (2005)

Mineral oil- and glycol-based fogs are associated with acute and chronic adverse effects on respiratory health among employees. Reducing exposure, through controls, substitution, and elimination where possible, is likely to reduce these effects.
Works in progress #6. Total hip arthroplasty using a hydroxyapatite-coated acetabular and femoral component. (1991)

The development of alternative methods of implant fixation in primary and revision total hip arthroplasty is ongoing. Porous-coated implants abound; however, concerns surrounding their use still exist. Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate ceramic, which has demonstrated properties in animal studies that make it an attractive alternative for implant fixation. We describe the early clinical and roentgenographic results of a prospective study that utilized a hydroxyapatite-coated stem and cup in 52 patients (58 hips). The average follow-up was 10.4 months (minimum, six months). At one year, 96.2% of the hips had no or slight pain, 95.1% could ambulate with no external support, 82.9% could ambulate unlimited distances, and 87.8% could walk without a limp. The roentgenographic analysis of the hydroxyapatite-coated stems (58) and cups (17) at one year revealed no radiolucencies or radiodense lines adjacent to the hydroxyapatite-coated portion of the prosthesis. None of these stems or cups migrated. We believe that these hydroxyapatite-coated components will provide rapid and enhanced prosthetic fixation and are optimistic that they will help to achieve an excellent clinical result.
Distributed source x-ray tube technology for tomosynthesis imaging (2010)

Tomosynthesis imaging requires projection images from different viewing angles. Conventional systems use a moving xray source to acquire the individual projections. Using a stationary distributed x-ray source with a number of sources that equals the number of required projections, this can be achieved without any mechanical motion. Advantages are a potentially faster image acquisition speed, higher spatial and temporal resolution and simple system design. We present distributed x-ray sources based on carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission cathodes. The field emission cathodes deliver the electrons required for x-ray production. CNT emitters feature a stable emission at high current density, a cold emission, excellent temporal control of the emitted electrons and good configurability. We discuss the use of stationary sources for two applications: (i) a linear tube for stationary digital breast tomosynthesis (sDBT), and (ii) a square tube for on-board tomosynthesis image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT). Results from high energy distributed sources up to 160kVp are also presented.
Self‐tuning run to run optimization of fed‐batch processes using unfold‐PLS (2007)

Abstract Unfold Partial‐Least Squares (u‐PLS) is a modeling method successfully applied to batch‐process monitoring and end quality prediction. This method is integrated in a self‐tuning optimization algorithm, based on extremum‐seeking control. The optimization is driven by the gradient obtained by means of an adaptive u‐PLS model. Since this is an empirical model, no first‐principles based knowledge of the process is necessary. Heuristic rules are used to constrain the gradient taking into account nonlinearity and unknown causes of variability. Extensions to model the variability in initial conditions, to optimize several performance indices, and to handle inequality constraints are presented. The optimization algorithm is tested on a complex comprehensive simulated‐process model for the fed‐batch cultivation of Sacharomyces cerevisiae. Results show the performance and versatility of the proposed approach, as well as its robustness to process changes. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
The Future of 3-D Printing (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Tim Hayes, "The Future of 3-D Printing," Optics & Photonics News 24(7), 22-29 (2013) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
AC Impedance Measurements of the Resistance and Capacitance of Lubricants (1986)

An AC impedance technique in combination with a thin-film (12 μm) cell was employed to separately meusure the electrical resistance and capacitance of electrode-lubricant interfaces and bulk lubricant layers. In this study, three different additives were investigated by measuring the AC impedance spectrum of each additive mixed separately with a commercially available mineral oil. These additives were oleic acid, N-oleyl-1,3 diaminopropane (fatty amine), and mixed alkyl acid orthophosphute (acid phosphate). For lubricants containing 2 mass percent of an acid phosphate or fatty amine, the capacitance of the electrode-lubricant interface, Ci, and the capacitance and resistance of the bulk lubricant layer, Co and Ro, respectively, were evaluated separately from the AC impedance spectra. The lower limit of the resistance of the electrode-lubricant interface, Ri, was aDo estivnated. For additives, such as oleic acid, which physically adsorbs on the electrodes, the resistance and capacitance of the electrode-lubricant interface and the bulk lubricant layer could not be measured separately.
Molecular Basis of the Mechanism of Thiol Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide in Aqueous Solution: Challenging the S<sub>N</sub>2 Paradigm (2012)

The oxidation of cellular thiol-containing compounds, such as glutathione and protein Cys residues, is considered to play an important role in many biological processes. Among possible oxidants, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is known to be produced in many cell types as a response to a variety of extracellular stimuli and could work as an intracellular messenger. This reaction has been reported to proceed through a S(N)2 mechanism, but despite its importance, the reaction is not completely understood at the atomic level. In this work, we elucidate the reaction mechanism of thiol oxidation by H(2)O(2) for a model methanethiolate system using state of the art hybrid quantum-classical (QM-MM) molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that the solvent plays a key role in positioning the reactants, that there is a significant charge redistribution in the first stages of the reaction, and that there is a hydrogen transfer process between H(2)O(2) oxygen atoms that occurs after reaching the transition state. These observations challenge the S(N)2 mechanism hypothesis for this reaction. Specifically, our results indicate that the reaction is driven by a tendency of the slightly charged peroxidatic oxygen to become even more negative in the product via an electrophilic attack on the negative sulfur atom. This is inconsistent with the S(N)2 mechanism, which predicts a protonated sulfenic acid and hydroxyl anion as stable intermediates. These intermediates are not found. Instead, the reaction proceeds directly to unprotonated sulfenic acid and water.
The Position Dependence of Translational Regulation via RNA-RNA and RNA-Protein Interactions in the 5′-Untranslated Region of Eukaryotic mRNA Is a Function of the Thermodynamic Competence of 40 S Ribosomes in Translational Initiation (1997)

Cap proximity is a requirement to enable secondary structures and RNA-binding proteins to repress translational initiation via the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of mammalian mRNAs. We show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, unlike mammalian cells, the in vitro translational repressive effect of the mammalian iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) is independent of the site of its target in the 5'-UTR, the iron-responsive element (IRE). In vitro studies demonstrate that the binding affinity of IRP1 is also unaffected by the position of the IRE. Using IRE loop mutants, we observe an almost complete loss of IRP1-dependent repression in yeast concomitant with a 150-fold reduction in binding affinity for the IRE target. This mirrors the natural quantitative range of iron-induced adjustment of IRE/IRP1 affinity in mammalian cells. By enhancing the stability of the IRE stem-loop, we also show that its intrinsic folding energy acts together with the binding energy of IRP1 to give an additive capacity to restrict translational initiation. An IRE.IRP1 complex in a cap-distal position in yeast blocks scanning 40 S ribosomes on the 5'-UTR. It follows that the position effect of mammalian site-specific translational repression is dictated by the competence of the mammalian preinitiation complex to destabilize inhibitory structures at different steps of the initiation process.
Organized molecular assemblies in the gas phase: reverse micelles and microemulsions in supercritical fluids (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganized molecular assemblies in the gas phase: reverse micelles and microemulsions in supercritical fluidsRobert W. Gale, John L. Fulton, and Richard D. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 3, 920–921Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00237a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00237a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views298Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discovery of the IPv6 Prefix Used for IPv6 Address Synthesis (2013)

This document describes a method for detecting the presence of DNS64
and for learning the IPv6 prefix used for protocol translation on an
access network. The method depends on the existence of a well-known
IPv4-only fully qualified domain name ipv4only.arpa.. The
information learned enables nodes to perform local IPv6 address
synthesis and to potentially avoid NAT64 on dual-stack and multi-
interface deployments.
The effects of green tea ingestion over four weeks on atherosclerotic markers (2005)

The results of this study suggest an in vivo anti-oxidative effect for green tea and an influence of green tea on atherosclerotic biological markers. The effect of green tea seen on ox-LDL and sVCAM-1 provides a potential mechanism for the cardiovascular benefits of regular ingestion of green tea.
Direct nitridation of a silicon surface by multipulse excimer laser irradiation in a nitrogen-containing ambient gas (1991)

The successful synthesis of silicon nitride directly on the surface of a single-crystalline silicon wafer by multipulse (up to n=2500) XeCl* excimer (λ=308 nm) laser irradiation in ambient ammonia or nitrogen atmospheres is reported. The amount and quality of the nitrided layers formed are shown to depend on both the number of subsequent laser pulses applied to the same irradiation site as well as on the nature of the ambient gas. Nuclear reactions, Auger electron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, electrical measurements, and optical and electron microscopy were applied to characterize the synthesized surface layers.
Enzyme-Immobilized Nanofiltration Membrane To Mitigate Biofouling Based on Quorum Quenching (2011)

Recently, enzymatic quorum quenching (in the form of a free enzyme or an immobilized form on a bead) was successfully applied to a submerged membrane bioreactor with a microfiltration membrane for wastewater treatment as a novel approach to control membrane biofouling. In this study, a quorum quenching enzyme (acylase) was directly immobilized onto a nanofiltration membrane to mitigate biofouling in a nanofiltration process. In a flow cell experiment, the acylase-immobilized membrane with quorum quenching activity prohibited the formation of mushroom-shaped mature biofilm due to the reduced secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The acylase-immobilized membrane maintained more than 90% of its initial enzyme activity for more than 20 iterative cycles of reaction and washing procedure. In the lab-scale continuous crossflow nanofiltration system operated at a constant pressure of 2 bar, the flux with the acylase-immobilized nanofiltration (NF) membrane was maintained at more than 90% of its initial flux after a 38-h operation, whereas that with the raw NF membrane decreased to 60% accompanied with severe biofouling. The quorum quenching activity of the acylase-immobilized membrane was also confirmed by visualizing the spatial distribution of cells and polysaccharides on the surface of each membrane using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) image analysis technique.
DETECTION POWER OF RANDOM, CASE-CONTROL, AND CASE-PARENT CONTROL DESIGNS FOR ASSOCIATION TESTS AND GENETIC MAPPING OF COMPLEX TRAITS (2003)

We compared the relative detection power of random, case-control, and case-parent control (TDT) study designs by computer simulation of five parameters: Mode of inheritance (MOl), magnitude of genetic effect (y ), disease susceptibility allele frequency in the founder population ( P I), population age (t ), and the genetic distance (ᶿ ) between disease susceptibility locus ( D), and marker locus (M). Our results show that none of the three study designs can be claimed to be the most powerful (requiring the smallest sample size) constantly under every different genetic context (parameter combination). Our analysis indicates that both case-parent control and case-control designs have more power than the random sampling design in most genetic contexts. But the relative power between case-parent and case control depends on the specific parameter combinations. Random sampling has more power than case-parent control (although less power than case-control design) under some high genetic effect (Y ) and initial allele frequency (PI) combinations. All the three study designs show the most power under additive models of inheritance and least power under recessive mode of inheritance.
Interactive Near-Field Illumination for Photorealistic Augmented Reality with Varying Materials on Mobile Devices (2015)

At present, photorealistic augmentation is not yet possible since the computational power of mobile devices is insufficient. Even streaming solutions from stationary PCs cause a latency that affects user interactions considerably. Therefore, we introduce a differential rendering method that allows for a consistent illumination of the inserted virtual objects on mobile devices, avoiding delays. The computation effort is shared between a stationary PC and the mobile devices to make use of the capacities available on both sides. The method is designed such that only a minimum amount of data has to be transferred asynchronously between the participants. This allows for an interactive illumination of virtual objects with a consistent appearance under both temporally and spatially varying real illumination conditions. To describe the complex near-field illumination in an indoor scenario, HDR video cameras are used to capture the illumination from multiple directions. In this way, sources of illumination can be considered that are not directly visible to the mobile device because of occlusions and the limited field of view. While our method focuses on Lambertian materials, we also provide some initial approaches to approximate non-diffuse virtual objects and thereby allow for a wider field of application at nearly the same cost.
Wavelength conversions ∼1.5 μm by difference frequency generation in periodically domain-inverted LiNbO3 channel waveguides (1993)

Wavelength conversions ∼1.5 μm are realized by difference frequency generation in periodically domain-inverted LiNbO3 channel waveguides for the first time. A wide wavelength conversion bandwidth, which is very important for future wavelength division multiplexing optical communication system, is demonstrated in this kind of devices.
The effects of phase on high-resolution frequency estimators (1993)

Several different ways in which the initial phase differences between two closely spaced sinusoids manifests itself, e.g., in the singular values of the data matrix, the angles between signal vectors, and the Cramer-Rao bound, are described. A closed-form expression for the singular values of the data matrices used in subspace-based algorithms and an expression for the angle between the signal components are presented. Based on these expressions, conjectures are made regarding the effect of the relative phase difference between signal components on the resolving ability of subspace-based techniques. The behavior of the Cramer-Rao bound for the two-complex-sinusoid case is examined as a function of phase difference. Predictions are made as to the effect of this behavior on expected algorithm performance as a function of the phase difference. Empirical results that validate the prediction are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Implementing WebGIS on Hadoop: A case study of improving small file I/O performance on HDFS (2009)

Hadoop framework has been widely used in various clusters to build large scale, high performance systems. However, Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) is designed to manage large files and suffers performance penalty while managing a large amount of small files. As a consequence, many web applications, like WebGIS, may not take benefits from Hadoop. In this paper, we propose an approach to optimize I/O performance of small files on HDFS. The basic idea is to combine small files into large ones to reduce the file number and build index for each file. Furthermore, some novel features such as grouping neighboring files and reserving several latest version of data are considered to meet the characteristics of WebGIS access patterns. Preliminary experiment results show that our approach achieves better performance.
Space Syntax: Some Inconsistencies (2004)

This paper reports on a number of inconsistencies that appear in space syntax—a well-known technique of urban analysis—when dealing with certain geometrical configurations. At a simple level, the analysis of regularly gridded urban textures (such as Manhattan's) reveals the difficulty of accepting the claim that space syntax allows the modelling of pedestrian choice making. In more complex cases, the distortion of two ideal textures produces a topological discontinuity, leading to the unacceptable situation where one single urban configuration produces two conflicting outcomes when analysed with space syntax tools. Several other points are also discussed, such as the difficulty of space syntax to take into account building height and land use, and its sensitivity to boundary conditions. Conclusions seem to suggest that the topological representation of cities, on which space syntax is based, discards precious metric information and is rather limiting. It is envisaged that with current increases in computational power new algorithms might allow a deeper understanding of urban texture, based on the full exploration of its metric and topological properties. This would contribute to answer the fascinating question which space syntax has helped to frame: what is the influence of urban configuration on social life?
Upconversion-powered photoelectrochemistry (2011)

Upconversion photochemistry occurring between palladium(II) octaethylporphyrin (PdOEP, 1) and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA, 2) in toluene successfully sensitizes nanostructured WO(3) photoanodes (E(g) = 2.7 eV) to sub-bandgap non-coherent green photons at low power density.
Stereo image coding (2002)

An approach to stereo image coding based on disparity compensation and subspace projection is proposed and evaluated. Traditional stereo image coding techniques employing block-based disparity compensation have problems with occlusion regions and photometric variations. We show that the results of these algorithms can be improved if the subspace projection technique (SPT) is employed as a post processing technique after disparity estimation. SPT is an orthogonal basis approach. It combines block-based disparity estimation with two-dimensional first order approximation. For the regions where disparity estimation fails, such as occlusion regions, first order approximation provides a decent estimate. On the other hand, zeroth order term compensates for photometric variations. Empirical results verified that SPT performs better than the disparity compensation in the rate-distortion sense.
The X-mu representation of fuzzy sets &#x2014; Regaining the excluded middle (2013)

Fuzzy sets are a good model of the flexible definitions used in human language, but are not always in accordance with human reasoning because they do not satisfy the law of the excluded middle. In this paper, we outline the X-μ approach, a new method of representing, visualizing and calculating functions of fuzzy quantities. Using simple examples, we illustrate that the law of the excluded middle is satisfied with the X-μ approach, although it is not always possible to recover standard membership functions from the results of a calculation.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Triads by Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings and Evaluation of Their Cell-Specific Toxicity Profile (2014)

Two complementary approaches for the preparation of linked 5-membered heterocycles were developed. The Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with halogenated furan, thiophene, and selenophene led to higher overall yields, but C,H-bond activation was a more efficient strategy for the coupling at C(2) of oxazoles. Potency and selectivity of the final hydroxymethyl products in renal (A498), lung (NCI-H226), kidney (CAKI-1), and breast (MDA-MB-468, MCF7) carcinoma cell lines were determined.
The Vortex: A Superscalar Asynchronous Processor (2007)

The "Vortex" processor is a general purpose CPU with a novel architecture and instruction set. The primary feature of the Vortex architecture is many parallel function units which communicate through a central crossbar, instead of a traditional register file. Instructions are fetched in parallel by cache lines, as in a VLIW processor, but any data or structural dependencies are resolved deterministically by the hardware, as in a superscalar processor. The prototype Vortex CPU supports a 32-bit integer datapath and executes up to 9 instructions per cycle. It uses the "integrated pipelining" asynchronous design style, was fabricated in 2001 in TSMC's 0.15 mum G process, and runs at a typical frequency of 475MHz. Although the Vortex CPU itself has not been commercialized, many of its component circuits have been used in the products of Fulcrum Microsystems.