gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of protein phosphatase type 1 with a splicing factor (1996)

A gizzard cDNA library was screened by the two-hybrid system using as bait the delta isoform of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1delta). Among the proteins identified was a fragment of the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) and for 242 residues was 97.1% identical to the human isoforms. Binding of PSF and PP1delta was confirmed by inhibition of phosphatase activity and by an overlay technique. The PP1delta binding site was contained in the N-terminal 82 residues of the PSF fragment. PSF may therefore act as a PP1 target molecule in the spliceosome.
MS565: A SPECT Tracer for Evaluating the Brain Penetration of BAF312 (Siponimod) (2015)

BAF312 (siponimod) is a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator in clinical development for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, with faster organ/tissue distribution and elimination kinetics than its precursor FTY720 (fingolimod). Our aim was to develop a tracer to better quantify the penetration of BAF312 in the human brain, with the potential to be labeled for positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Although the PET radioisotopes (11)C and (18)F could have been introduced in BAF312 without modifying its structure, they do not have decay kinetics compatible with the time required for observing the drug's organ distribution in patients. In contrast, the SPECT radioisotope (123) I has a longer half-life and would suit this purpose. Herein we report the identification of an iodinated derivative of BAF312, (E)-1-(4-(1-(((4-cyclohexyl-3-iodobenzyl)oxy)imino)ethyl)-2-ethylbenzyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (18, MS565), as a SPECT tracer candidate with affinity, S1P receptor selectivity, overall physicochemical properties, and blood pharmacokinetics similar to those of the original molecule. A whole-body autoradiography study performed with [(14)C]MS565 subsequently confirmed that its organ distribution is similar to that of BAF312. This validates the selection of MS565 for (123)I radiolabeling and for use in imaging studies to quantify the brain penetration of BAF312.
A sparseness controlled proportionate algorithm for acoustic echo cancellation (2008)

Sparseness variation in acoustic impulse response arises due to changes in temperature, pressure, acoustic source move-ments and changes in the acoustic environment. Therefore, the algorithms employed in acoustic echo cancellation have to perform well for both sparse and dispersive unknown systems. The well-known algorithms, normalised least mean square (NLMS) or proportionate NLMS (PNLMS), are limited to perform well either in dispersive or sparse cases, respectively. The proposed sparseness-controlled PNLMS (SC-PNLMS) algorithm inherits the beneficial properties of both PNLMS and NLMS by employing the sparseness measure into the PNLMS algorithm. Simula-tion results presented show improved performance over the PNLMS algorithm even for dispersive impulse responses. 1.
Zinc Mobility in Wheat: Uptake and Distribution of Zinc Applied to Leaves or Roots (2001)

Little is known about transport of Zn from leaves to other plant organs. The present study tested a range of Zn forms applied foliarly for their suitability to provide adequate Zn nutrition to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Transport of 65 Zn applied either to leaves or to one side of the root system was also studied. Inorganic (ZnO, ZnSO 4 ) and chelated sources of Zn (ZnEDTA, glycine-chelated Biomin Zn) applied foliarly provided sucient Zn for vigorous growth. Zinc concentrations in roots and shoots were in the suciency range, except in the Zn control. Foliar treatments with ZnSO 4 and chelated Zn forms resulted in shoot Zn concentrations in 7-week-old plants being about two-fold greater than those in plants supplied with Zn in the root environment or via foliar spray of ZnO. Adding surfactant to foliar sprays containing chelated forms of Zn did not cause negative growth eects, but surfactant added to ZnO or ZnSO 4 foliar sprays decreased shoot growth. Adding urea to the ZnO foliar spray had no eect on shoot growth. Foliarly-applied 65 Zn was translocated to leaves above and below the treated leaf as well as to the root tips. Stem girdling conrmed that 65 Zn transport toward lower leaves and roots was via the phloem. Split-root experiments showed intensive accumulation of 65 Zn in the stem and transport to all leaves as well as to the root tips in the non-labelled side of the root system. Foliar application of Zn in inorganic or organic form is equally suitable for providing adequate Zn nutrition to wheat. Phloem transport of Zn from leaves to roots was demonstrated.
Signal preserving seismic interference noise attenuation on 3D marine seismic data (2006)

In a study of the contamination of reflection seismic data by interfering noise from other seismic crews, the seismic interference noise attenuation technique, which uses frequency‐shot‐receiver (f‐x‐y) prediction filters for detection of noise, is applied in f‐x domain to the noisy frequencies of the shots. The method has been tested on real datasets and impressive results have been obtained. The seismic interference noise from other seismic vessel, as well as random noise on 3D marine seismic survey data can be significantly detected and suppressed hence we conclude that the f‐x‐y interference attenuation mechanism preserves the primary signal and eliminate the seismic interference in a very efficient way.
The Influence of Ligands on Dirhodium(II) on Reactivity and Selectivity in Metal Carbene Reactions (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Structural Aspects of Catalytic Dirhodium Species Physical Chemistry Aspects of Catalytic Dirhodium Species Catalytic Dirhodium Carbene Generation and Reactions Ligand-Induced Selectivity in Catalytic Metal Carbene Transformations Summary
New chroma-key imagining technique with Hi-Vision background (1989)

An image synthesizing technique called Synthevision is described. In this approach to image synthesis, a line NTSC camera foreground picture is synchronously keyed into a background picture which is digitally processed from a wide Hi-Vision image. This background-derived picture is controlled by a computer using data from the foreground camera. If the camera image is altered by actions of zooming, panning, and focusing, the background picture is altered accordingly through the use of a newly developed digital image processor. The combined image thus exhibits a far greater realism than conventional chroma-key imaging. Synthevision is currently used at NHK for the evening news to change the background for each segment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Benign and Efficient Synthesis of 2-Substituted 4(3<i>H</i>)-Quinazolinones Mediated by Iron(III) Chloride Hexahydrate in Refluxing Water (2006)

Abstract Condensation of aldehydes with anthranilamide in refluxing water using iron(III) chloride hexahydrate as an oxidiant afforded 2-substituted 4(3H)-quinazolinones in good yields (77–93%). This method provides several advantages such as being environmentally friendly, having a simple work-up procedure, and affording high yields.
A bit-rate reduction system for HDTV transmission (1991)

The transmission of HDTV (high-definition television) signals on available digital networks and satellites requires the adoption of sophisticated compression techniques to limit the bit-rate requirements and to provide a high-quality and reliable service. A hybrid predictive/transform system has been devised and implemented. The main parameters of this system are in accordance with those being recommended by CMTT for the transmission of conventional component TV. The basic algorithms, the codec architecture, the developed VLSI, and the equipment are described. The codec is designed to operate with the currently envisaged TV and HDTV formats and with a wide range of transmission rates. The optimization of the system and the evaluation of its performance have been carried out on the basis of a large number of subjective tests in accordance with the user requirements specified by the standardization bodies. The codecs have been extensively tested on-field during experimental point-to-multipoint satellite transmission of HDTV signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly Efficient Low Reverse Biased 4H-SiC Schottky Photodiodes for UV-Light Detection (2009)

Ultraviolet light detection has a wide range of scientific and industrial applications. In particular, SiC photodiodes have been proposed because of their robustness even in harsh environments, high quantum efficiency but excellent visible blindness, very low dark current, and high speed. Here, we report on the electrical and optical performances of high efficient large area 4 H-SiC Schottky photodiodes working in the photovoltaic regime. We demonstrate that the high signal-to-noise ratio along with the low operating reverse voltage in spite of the large sensitive area makes them suitable in low power consumption applications requiring high sensitivity down to 250 nm.
Polymerization of vinyl stearate multilayers (1972)

Abstract A study was made of the solid‐state polymerization of built‐up monomolecular layers of vinyl stearate. Polymerization was initiated by exposing the samples to 60 Co γ‐radiation. The reactions were followed by multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopy. The structure of the multilayer monomer and polymer was studied by x‐ray diffraction. Surface properties of the multilayers were studied by contact‐angle measurements. Results showed that, under the proper conditions, monomer multilayers of vinyl stearate could be polymerized to virtually 100% completion. Reaction was favored by higher irradiation temperatures, larger doses of radiation, and by higher reaction temperatures. The x‐ray diffraction photographs indicated that both the monomer and polymer multilayers possessed some single crystal character. Contact‐angle measurements indicated that the molecules in both the monomer and polymer multilayers were closely packed.
Differentiation-specific transcriptional regulation of the hepatitis B virus large surface antigen gene in human hepatoma cell lines (1990)

The transcriptional activities of the four hepatitis B virus promoters were compared in three differentiated hepatoma cell lines, HepG2, Hep3B, and PLC/PRF/5; a dedifferentiated subline of HepG2, HepG2.1; a human cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa S3; and a mouse fibroblast cell line, NIH 3T3. The plasmid constructs, which contain the complete hepatitis B virus genome directing the expression of the luciferase reporter gene, were analyzed by transient transfection assays. The relative orders of the levels of the transcriptional activities of the four promoters were similar in each of the cell lines. The major surface antigen and X-gene promoters displayed the highest activity levels, the core promoter activity level was less than or similar to the activity levels of these two promoters, and the large surface antigen promoter had the lowest activity level in all of the cell lines examined. The core promoter demonstrated an approximately 2- to 20-fold higher relative level of expression in the differentiated hepatoma cell lines, suggesting that this promoter might be preferentially active in these cells. The relative level of activity of the large surface antigen promoter in the differentiated hepatoma cell lines was approximately 5 to 90 times greater than that observed in the other cell lines, indicating that the activity of this promoter is highly specific for differentiation state and cell type. Deletion analysis of the large surface antigen promoter demonstrated that the sequence element responsible for the differentiation state-specific expression from this promoter is located between nucleotides 2719 and 2733 (-90 and -76). Within this sequence element is a binding site (GTTAATCATTACT) for the liver-specific transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1). This indicates that the preferential expression from the large surface antigen promoter in the differentiated hepatoma cell lines is probably mediated by HNF1 or an HNF1-related transcription factor.
Mortality and morbidity from diabetes in South Asians and Europeans: 11-year follow-up of the Southall Diabetes Survey, London, UK (1998)

Over 20% of middle aged and elderly South Asian people throughout the world have diabetes. The associated mortality and morbidity risks are unclear. We compared mortality and morbidity in a cohort of South Asian and European people with diabetes in London, UK, in an 11-year follow-up of a population-based sample of 730 South Asians (mean age 55 in 1984) and 304 Europeans (mean age 67 in 1984) with diabetes aged 30 years and above in 1984. By 1995, 242 (33%) of South Asians, and 172 (57%) of Europeans had died. The all-cause mortality rate ratio (South Asian versus European) was 1.50 (95% CI 0.72-3.12) for those aged 30-54 years at baseline. Ethnic differences in mortality rates were abolished or reversed in people aged 65 years and above at baseline. The mortality rate ratio for circulatory deaths was 1.80 (95% CI 1.03-3.16, p < 0.05) and for heart disease was 2.02 (95% CI 1.04-3.92, p < 0.05) in those aged 30-64 years at baseline. Seventy-seven per cent of South Asian deaths were caused by circulatory disease, compared with 46% of European deaths. South Asian survivors were 3.8 times (95% CI 1.8-8.0, p = 0.001) more likely to report a history of myocardial infarction than Europeans. South Asian adults with diabetes show a markedly increased predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared with Europeans, especially in younger people. This emphasizes the urgent need to reduce cardiovascular risk in this vulnerable group.
Nebulized ivermectin for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases, a proof of concept, dose-ranging study in rats (2020)

Ivermectin is a widely used antiparasitic drug with known efficacy against several single-strain RNA viruses. Recent data shows significant reduction of SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro by ivermectin concentrations not achievable with safe doses orally. Inhaled therapy has been used with success for other antiparasitics. An ethanol-based ivermectin formulation was administered once to 14 rats using a nebulizer capable of delivering particles with alveolar deposition. Rats were randomly assigned into three target dosing groups, lower dose (80-90 mg/kg), higher dose (110-140 mg/kg) or ethanol vehicle only. A toxicology profile including behavioral and weight monitoring, full blood count, biochemistry, necropsy and histological examination of the lungs was conducted. The pharmacokinetic profile of ivermectin in plasma and lungs was determined in all animals. There were no relevant changes in behavior or body weight. There was a delayed elevation in muscle enzymes compatible with rhabdomyolysis, that was also seen in the control group and has been attributed to the ethanol dose which was up to 11 g/kg in some animals. There were no histological anomalies in the lungs of any rat. Male animals received a higher ivermectin dose adjusted by adipose weight and reached higher plasma concentrations than females in the same dosing group (mean C<sub>max</sub> 86.2 ng/ml vs. 26.2 ng/ml in the lower dose group and 152 ng/ml vs. 51.8 ng/ml in the higher dose group). All subjects had detectable ivermectin concentrations in the lungs at seven days post intervention, up to 524.3 ng/g for high-dose male and 27.3 ng/g for low-dose females. nebulized ivermectin can reach pharmacodynamic concentrations in the lung tissue of rats, additional experiments are required to assess the safety of this formulation in larger animals.
Aberrant DNA Methylation in Ovarian Cancer (2003)

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression has been observed in a variety of tumor types. We have used microarray technology to evaluate the predisposition of drug response by aberrant methylation in ovarian cancer. Results indicate that loss of gene activity due to hypermethylation potentially confers a predisposition in certain cancer types and is an early event in disease progression. Methylation profiles of ovarian cancer might be useful for early cancer detection and prediction of chemotherapy outcome in a clinical context.
Memristor-based neural network PID controller for buck converter (2015)

This paper applied spintronic memristors on the neural network PID controller to control the nonlinear and time-varying buck converter. The proposed method used spintronic memristor as electronic synapses to store the updated value, which can greatly simplify the implementation of hardware circuit and the weights updating algorithm. Meanwhile three-layers memristor-based BP neural network was designed and the algorithm of the PID control under this mechanism was also analyzed. Furthermore, computer simulation of buck converter working in continuous mode with the proposed controller presented superior performance in the aspects of follow-up, immunity and robustness, as well as fast response and small overshoot.
Global distribution of rotavirus serotypes/genotypes and its implication for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine (2004)

A safe and effective rotavirus vaccine is urgently needed, particularly in developing countries. Critical to vaccine development and implementation is a knowledge base concerning the epidemiology of rotavirus G and P serotypes/genotypes throughout the world. The temporal and geographical distribution of human rotavirus G and P types was reviewed by analysing a total of 45571 strains collected globally from 124 studies reported from 52 countries on five continents published between 1989 and 2004. Four common G types (G1, G2, G3 and G4) in conjunction with P[8] or P[4] represented over 88% of the strains analysed worldwide. In addition, serotype G9 viruses associated with P[8] or P[6] were shown to have emerged as the fourth globally important G type with the relative frequency of 4.1%. When the global G and/or P type distributions were divided into five continents/subcontinents, several characteristic features emerged. For example, the P[8]G1 represented over 70% of rotavirus infections in North America, Europe and Australia, but only about 30% of the infections in South America and Asia, and 23% in Africa. In addition, in Africa (i) the relative frequency of G8 was as high as that of the globally common G3 or G4, (ii) P[6] represented almost one-third of all P types identified and (iii) 27% of the infections were associated with rotavirus strains bearing unusual combinations such as P[6]G8 or P[4]G8. Furthermore, in South America, uncommon G5 virus appeared to increase its epidemiological importance among children with diarrhea. Such findings have (i) confirmed the importance of continued active rotavirus strain surveillance in a variety of geographical settings and (ii) provided important considerations for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine (e.g. a geographical P-G type adjustment in the formulation of next generation multivalent vaccines).
ARMA bispectrum approach to nonminimum phase system identification (1988)

An identification procedure is proposed for a nonGaussian white-noise-driven, linear, time-invariant, nonminimum-phase FIR (finite-impulse response) system. The method is based on parametric modeling of the third moments of the output sequence and uses causal and anticausal autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) models. The magnitude and phase response of the system are expressed in terms of the AR parameters of the ARMA models. In particular, the AR part of the causal ARMA model captures the minimum-phase component of the system, and the AR part of the anticausal ARMA captures the maximum-phase component. Both sets of parameters are obtained by solving overdetermined linear systems of equations. A model-order-selection criterion based on third-order moments is proposed. The ARMA bispectrum approach is compared to more conventional approaches for magnitude and phase reconstruction. It is demonstrated that the proposed identification procedure exhibits improved modeling performance. The method does not require knowledge of the non-Gaussian noise distribution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultrahigh contrast light valve driven by electrocapillarity of liquid gallium (2009)

This letter describes an ultrahigh contrast valve driven by the electrocapillarity of liquid gallium. We demonstrate that a micrometer-sized gallium droplet can be used to fabricate a prototype backlight transmissive pixel cell by transforming the droplet into a flat thin film. This light valve exhibits significantly high backlight utility (96%), an exceptional contrast ratio (106:1), and fast response time (0.49 ms). The high contrast ratio originated from the exceptional reflectivity of gallium, which can block backlight to prevent any transmission in the off state of our device. Without using any polarizer, the backlight utility can be improved dramatically compared to a conventional liquid crystal display. The backlight utility and switching time obtained from this prototype light valve is higher than that of commercial liquid crystal displays. This concept is also applicable to a wide variety of electro-optical devices.
The Phi Coefficient and Chi Square as Indices of Item Validity (1941)

Two new methods of item analysis are described. One involves the computation of the ϕ coefficient (correlation of a fourfold point distribution) and the other involves chi square. The only data required are the proportions of passing individuals in the upper and lower criterion groups, for the determination of ϕ, and in addition, N , for the determination of chi square. Abacs are presented for graphic solution of the two indices of validity, and tests of significance are provided.
Embedded Side Information Refinement for Pixel Domain Wyner-Ziv Video Coding Towards UMTS 3G Application (2007)

This paper presents a new approach to pixel domain Wyner-Ziv (PDWZ) video coding by using weighted motion compensated refinement (WMCR) embedded into turbo decoder to efficiently optimize side information. The proposed system is designed by combining a relatively simple interpolation model for initial side information plus embedded refinement process to achieve better performance of system as a whole. In order to explore practical application of PDWZ in wireless environment, we adopt the 3GPP standardized turbo codec as Slepian-Wolf codec in PDWZ system. Experimental results showed that the proposed system have noticeable improvement in RD performance and reduced complexity of whole system.
The Importance of Fibronectin, Haptoglobin, Ceruloplasmin and Transferrin in the Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis (2000)

Serum fibronectin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and transferrin concentrations were measured in 44 term neonates with culture proven sepsis and a control group of 37 normal neonates of similar age, sex and weight. The white blood cell count, total neutrophil count, and the ratio of band to neutrophils were also determined. While the serum fibronectin and haptoglobin concentrations were significantly different (P