gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repeated Measures GLMM Estimation of Subject-Related and False Positive Threshold Effects on Human Face Verification Performance (2006)

Subject covariate data were collected on 1, 072 pairs of FERET images for analysis in a human face verification experiment. The subject data included information about facial hair, bangs, eyes, gender, and age. The verification experiment was replicated at seven different false alarm rates ranging from 1/10, 000 to 1/100. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was fit to the binary outcomes indicating correct verification. Statistically significant main effects for bangs, eyes, gender, and age were found. The effect of the log false positive rate on verification success was found to interact significantly with bangs, gender, and age. These results have important implications for future evaluation of biometrics, and the GLMM methodology used here is shown to be effective and informative for this sort of data.
Accelerating Stochastic Gradient Descent using Predictive Variance Reduction (2013)

Stochastic gradient descent is popular for large scale optimization but has slow convergence asymptotically due to the inherent variance. To remedy this problem, we introduce an explicit variance reduction method for stochastic gradient descent which we call stochastic variance reduced gradient (SVRG). For smooth and strongly convex functions, we prove that this method enjoys the same fast convergence rate as those of stochastic dual coordinate ascent (SDCA) and Stochastic Average Gradient (SAG). However, our analysis is significantly simpler and more intuitive. Moreover, unlike SDCA or SAG, our method does not require the storage of gradients, and thus is more easily applicable to complex problems such as some structured prediction problems and neural network learning. 1
Adaptive assist-as-needed controller to improve gait symmetry in robot-assisted gait training (2014)

This paper introduces the overall design of ALEX III, the third generation of Active Leg Exoskeletons developed by our group. ALEX III is the first treadmill-based rehabilitation robot featuring 12 actively controlled degrees of freedom (DOF): 4 at the pelvis and 4 at each leg. As a first application of the device, we present an adaptive controller aimed to improve gait symmetry in hemiparetic subjects. The controller continuously modulates the assistive force applied to the impaired leg, based on the outputs of kernel-based non-linear filters, which learn the movements of the healthy leg. To test the effectiveness of the controller, we induced asymmetry in the gait of three young healthy subjects adding ankle weights (2.3kg). Results on kinematic data showed that gait symmetry was recovered when the controller was active.
CD28 Costimulatory Blockade Exacerbates Disease Severity and Accelerates Epitope Spreading in a Virus-Induced Autoimmune Disease (2000)

ABSTRACT Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is a natural mouse pathogen which causes a lifelong persistent infection of the central nervous system (CNS) accompanied by T-cell-mediated myelin destruction leading to chronic, progressive hind limb paralysis. TMEV-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) is considered to be a highly relevant animal model for the human autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS), which is thought to be initiated as a secondary consequence of a virus infection. Although TMEV-IDD is initiated by virus-specific CD4 + T cells targeting CNS-persistent virus, CD4 + T-cell responses against self myelin protein epitopes activated via epitope spreading contribute to chronic disease pathogenesis. We thus examined the ability of antibodies directed against B7 costimulatory molecules to regulate this chronic virus-induced immunopathologic process. Contrary to previous studies showing that blockade of B7-CD28 costimulatory interactions inhibit the initiation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, treatment of SJL mice at the time of TMEV infection with murine CTLA-4 immunoglobulin or a combination of anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 antibodies significantly enhanced clinical disease severity. Costimulatory blockade inhibited early TMEV-specific T-cell and antibody responses critical in clearing peripheral virus infection. The inhibition of virus-specific immune responses led to significantly increased CNS viral titers resulting in increased damage to myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. Following clearance of the costimulatory antagonists, epitope spreading to myelin epitopes was accelerated as a result of the increased availability of myelin epitopes leading to a more severe chronic disease course. Our results raise concern about the potential use of B7-CD28 costimulatory blockade to treat human autoimmune diseases potentially associated with acute or persistent virus infections.
Perturbation of the tRNA Tertiary Core Differentially Affects Specific Steps of the Elongation Cycle (2008)

The tRNA tertiary core region is important for both tRNA stability and activity in the translation elongation cycle. Here we report the effects of mutating each of two highly conserved base pairs in the tertiary core of Phe-tRNA(Phe), 18-55 and 19-56, on rate and equilibrium constants for specific steps of this cycle, beginning with formation of aminoacyl-tRNA.EF-Tu.GTP ternary complexs and culminating with translocation of A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA into the P-site. We find that codon-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A/T-site and proofreading of near-cognate tRNA are sensitive to perturbation of either base pair; formation of the ternary complex and accommodation from the A/T to the A-site are sensitive to 18-55 perturbation only, and translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A- to P-site is insensitive to perturbation of either. These results underline the importance of the core region in promoting the efficiency and accuracy of translation, and they likely reflect different requirements for structural integrity of the core during specific steps of the elongation cycle.
The effect of ankle ligament damage and surgical reconstructions on the mechanics of the ankle and subtalar joints revealed by three‐dimensional stress MRI (2005)

Common image-based diagnostic techniques used to detect ankle ligament injuries or the effects of those injuries (e.g., mechanical instability) include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and stress radiography. Each of these techniques has limitations. The interpretation of the results obtained through stress radiography, a two-dimensional technique, is highly controversial. MRI can facilitate visualization of soft tissue, but three-dimensional visualization of the full length of the ligaments or detecting partial ligament damage is difficult. This work is part of a long-term study aimed at improving the diagnostic ability of MRI by utilizing it not only to visualize the ligaments but also to detect the mechanical instability produced at the ankle and subtalar joints due to ligament damage. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the ability of a previously developed technique called 3D stress MRI (sMRI) to detect in vitro the effect of damage to the lateral collateral ligaments and the stabilizing effect produced by two common surgical reconstruction techniques. MRI data were collected from eight cadaver limbs in a MR compatible ankle-loading device in neutral, inversion, and anterior drawer. Each specimen was tested intact, after cutting the anterior talo-fibular ligament followed by the calcaneo-fibular ligament and after applying two reconstructions. Ligament injuries produced significant changes in the response of the ankle and subtalar joints to load as detected by the 3D stress MRI technique. Both surgical procedures restored mechanical stability to the joints but they differed in the amount and type of stabilization achieved. We concluded that 3D sMRI can extend the diagnostic power of MRI from the current practice of slice-by-slice visualization to the assessment of mechanical function, the compromise in this function due to injury, and the effects of surgery.
Novel wavelength converter using an electroabsorption modulator: conversion experiments at up to 40 Gbit/s (2002)

We have proposed a novel wavelength converter using an electroabsorption modulator. High-quality conversion has been demonstrated at 20 Gbit/s over 30 nm of wavelength range. The potentialities for high speed (>40 Gbit/s) and broadcasting applications were also demonstrated.
Alkylation of 1-(3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline (Papaverine) (1985)

Alkylation of papaverine carbanion with various alkyl halides is described.Intramolecular ring formation is observed with 1-iodo-3-chloropropane as electrophile.1-[l-(3,4-~i m e t h o x ~~h e n y l -3 -o x o ~r o p ~l ] -6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline is studied.Derivatives of papaverine are few, despite their potential pharmacological 1 interest .In order to evaluate the cardiovascular properties of the alkyl derivatives of papaverine2 a general method of preparation of its carbanion is needed and is described in the present work.The use of the papaverine carbanion in heterocyclic chemistry is discussed.The weak acidity of the methylene hydrogens in papaverine has been shown by 3 their oxidation by oxygen in presence of Triton B .However the carbanion can be obtained via one of the three following conditions.sodamide liquid ammonia.sodamide hexamethylphosphoramide.butyllithium hexamethylphosphoramide.With the first method givlng the best results as shown by the very deep red color of the carbanion which developped in few minutes.The reactivity of the carbanion towards electrophiles is shown in scheme 1.Carbanion & , reacting with methyl iodide, ally1 bromide or propyl bromide gives the corresponding alkyl derivative.Only mono-alkylated products are Scheme 1 HETEROCYCLES, VoI. 23, N o .10,
Telomerase activity detected in eyed embryos of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (2002)

: Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomeric DNA onto chromosome termini and maintains the telomere length, and is expressed in immortal cells, stem cells, and germ cells. The objectives of the present investigation were to detect telomerase activity in the eyed embryos of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using stretch polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and to estimate the relative telomerase activity and compare it with the value found in HeLa cells. High levels of telomerase activity could be detected quantitatively in the embryos using stretch PCR assay. Telomerase activity in embryos completely vanished using pretreatments with heating and RNase A. Relative telomerase activity per cell in embryos was 19.3–50.7-fold higher than that in HeLa cells. Conversely, relative activity on the basis of the protein amount showed no significant difference between the embryos and HeLa cells. This finding supports previous results in which high level expressions of telomerase are demonstrated in the normal cells and organs of fish species.
Cellular origin of cancer: dedifferentiation or stem cell maturation arrest? (1993)

Given the fundamental principle that cancer must arise from a cell that has the potential to divide, two major nonexclusive hypotheses of the cellular origin of cancer are that malignancy arises a) from stem cells due to maturation arrest or b) from dedifferentiation of mature cells that retain the ability to proliferate. The role of stem cells in carcinogenesis is clearly demonstrated in teratocarcinomas. The malignant stem cells of teratocarcinomas are derived from normal multipotent stem cells and have the potential to differentiate into normal benign mature tissue. A widely studied model supporting dedifferentiation has been the putative origin of hepatocarcinomas from "premalignant" foci and nodules induced in the rat liver by chemicals. However, the dedifferentiation concept for hepatocarcinogenesis is challenged by more recent interpretations indicating that hepatocellular carcinoma arises from maturation arrest caused by aberrant differentiation of determined stem cells. Either hypothesis is supported by the cellular changes that occur in the rodent liver after different hepatocarcinogenic regimens. The formation of foci and nodules from altered hepatocytes supports dedifferentiation; the proliferation of small oval cells with the potential to differentiate into either biliary ducts or hepatocytes supports arrested maturation of determined stem cells. It is now postulated that foci and nodular change reflect adaptive changes to the toxic effects of carcinogens and not "preneoplastic" stages to cancer. The stem cell model predicts that genotoxic chemicals induce mutations in the determined stem cell which may be expressed in its progeny. Proliferation of initiated cells is induced by promoting events which also allow additional mutations to occur.
Determination of trace metals in marine biological reference materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1988)

NRC publication: Yes
OS-controlled cache predictability for real-time systems (2002)

Cache-partitioning techniques have been invented to make modern processors with an extensive cache structure useful in real-time systems where task switches disrupt cache working sets and hence make execution times unpredictable. This paper describes an OS-controlled application-transparent cache-partitioning technique. The resulting partitions can be transparently assigned to tasks for their exclusive use. The major drawbacks found in other cache-partitioning techniques, namely waste of memory and additions on the critical performance path within CPUs, are avoided using memory coloring techniques that do nor require changes within the chips of modern CPUs or on the critical path for performance. A simple filter algorithm commonly used in real-time systems, a matrix-multiplication algorithm and the interaction of both are analysed with regard to cache-induced worst case penalties. Worst-case penalties are determined for different widely-used cache architectures. Some insights regarding the impact of cache architectures on worst-case execution are described.
Human 15-lipoxygenase: induction by interleukin-4 and insights into positional specificity. (1993)

Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (15-lipoxygenase) is a lipid-peroxidizing enzyme associated with specific inflammatory cells seen in asthma and atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, 15-lipoxygenase is induced in the macrophages of human and rabbit lesions and has been implicated in foam cell formation. In human lung, 15-lipoxygenase is preferentially expressed in airway epithelial cells and eosinophils. Our studies have focused both on the regulation of expression and on the structure-function relationships of the enzyme. To determine factors that could regulate expression, peripheral blood monocytes were purified and cultured with combinations of 18 factors. Only interleukin-4 (60 pM) induced 15-lipoxygenase mRNA, protein and enzymatic activity. Interferon-gamma (100 pM) inhibited the interleukin-4 dependent induction of 15-lipoxygenase. Results with cultured human airway cells were similar. These data suggest that expression of 15-lipoxygenase is regulated by interleukin-4, and that 15-lipoxygenase is a potential downstream effector molecule for this potent cytokine. In parallel studies, we have investigated determinants of positional specificity using site-directed mutagenesis and bacterial expression of human 15-lipoxygenase. Hypotheses for mutagenesis were derived from an analysis of conserved differences among multiple lipoxygenase sequences. Switching four amino acids in 15-lipoxygenase to their counterparts in 12-lipoxygenase resulted in a variant enzyme that produced equal 12- and 15-lipoxygenation. Further analysis has identified two amino acids that completely control the positional specificity of 15-lipoxygenase. These data have led to a preliminary model of the enzyme's active site region.
Colocalization of TGF-beta 1 and collagen I and III, fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans during lung branching morphogenesis* (1990)

The possible in vivo role of TGF-beta 1 in regulating various proteins of the extracellular matrix, including fibronectin, collagen I and III, and glycosaminoglycans, was examined by immunohistochemical methods during critical stages of lung morphogenesis in the 11- to 18-day-old mouse embryo. Sections of Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded whole embryos were exposed to polyclonal antibodies specific to synthetic peptides present in the precursor part of TGF-beta 1 (pro-TGF-beta 1), in the processed TGF-beta 1 (antibody CC), collagen I and III, fibronectin, followed by the PAP or ABC technique to visualize the location of the antibody. GAG were stained with Alcian Blue 8GX. Our results indicate colocalization of TGF-beta 1 expression and that of matrix proteins in the developing lung when branching morphogenesis (cleft formation) and tissue stabilization occur. The presence of TGF-beta 1 at the epithelial-mesenchymal interfaces of stalks and clefts at a time when matrix proteins can first be visualized in these areas, suggests a direct participation of the growth factor in the development of the basic architecture of the lung.
Helical Plasmonic Nanostructures as Prototypical Chiral Near-Field Sources (2014)

Plasmonic nanostructures can generate electromagnetic fields with high optical chirality that interact strongly with chiral molecules. We demonstrate how structures with chiral eigenmodes lead to chiral near-fields of predominantly one handedness. Our theoretical design with multiple metallic helices exhibits very high optical chirality over a large volume. The expected averaged chiroptical interaction is almost 2 orders of magnitude higher than for circularly polarized light.
A blackboard architecture for the decision support process (1990)

Article Free Access Share on A blackboard architecture for the decision support process Authors: Ajay S. Vinze Department of Business Analysis and Research, College of Business Administration, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Department of Business Analysis and Research, College of Business Administration, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXView Profile , Arun Sen Department of Business Analysis and Research, College of Business Administration, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Department of Business Analysis and Research, College of Business Administration, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGBDP '90: Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SIGBDP conference on Trends and directions in expert systemsSeptember 1990 Pages 455–474https://doi.org/10.1145/97709.97742Online:01 September 1990Publication History 0citation720DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads720Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Phenol sulphotransferase SULT1A1 polymorphism: molecular diagnosis and allele frequencies in Caucasian and African populations (1998)

Sulphation, catalysed by members of the sulphotransferase (SULT) enzyme family, is an important component of the body's chemical defence mechanism, but also acts to bioactivate mutagens such as hydroxylated aryl and heterocyclic amines. A major human sulphotransferase, SULT1A1 (P-PST), metabolizes and/or bioactivates many drugs, iodothyronines and hydroxylated aromatic amines. The enzyme activity varies widely within the population and is under genetic control. We have developed an assay detecting a G-->A transition in SULT1A1 that causes an Arg213-->His substitution associated with low SULT activity and altered enzyme properties, and have used it to assess the SULT1A1 genotype in Caucasian (n=293) and African (Nigerian, n=52) populations. We show that the mutant SULT1A1*2 allele is present at frequencies of 0.321 and 0.269 in the Caucasian and African populations respectively. We also demonstrate a significant age-related difference in SULT1A1 genotype within our Caucasian population, with increasing incidence of SULT1A1*1 homozygosity and decreasing incidence of SULT1A1*2 homozygosity with increasing age, indicating a potential association of SULT1A1*1 allozyme(s) with protection against cell and/or tissue damage during aging.
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (2016)

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and canagliflozin, are now widely approved antihyperglycemic therapies. Because of their unique glycosuric mechanism, SGLT2 inhibitors also reduce weight. Perhaps more important are the osmotic diuretic and natriuretic effects contributing to plasma volume contraction, and decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures by 4 to 6 and 1 to 2 mm Hg, respectively, which may underlie cardiovascular and kidney benefits. SGLT2 inhibition also is associated with an acute, dose-dependent reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate by ≈5 mL·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) and ≈30% to 40% reduction in albuminuria. These effects mirror preclinical observations suggesting that proximal tubular natriuresis activates renal tubuloglomerular feedback through increased macula densa sodium and chloride delivery, leading to afferent vasoconstriction. On the basis of reduced glomerular filtration, glycosuric and weight loss effects are attenuated in patients with chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2)). In contrast, blood pressure lowering, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuric effects are preserved, and perhaps exaggerated in chronic kidney disease. With regard to long-term clinical outcomes, the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial (Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease randomly assigned to empagliflozin versus placebo reported a 14% reduction in the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and >30% reductions in cardiovascular mortality, overall mortality, and heart failure hospitalizations associated with empagliflozin, even though, by design, the hemoglobin A1c difference between the randomized groups was marginal. Aside from an increased risk of mycotic genital infections, empagliflozin-treated patients had fewer serious adverse events, including a lower risk of acute kidney injury. In light of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME results, some diabetes clinical practice guidelines now recommend that SGLT2 inhibitors with proven cardiovascular benefit be prioritized in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have not achieved glycemic targets and who have prevalent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. With additional cardiorenal protection trials underway, sodium-related physiological effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and clinical correlates of natriuresis, such as the impact on blood pressure, heart failure, kidney protection, and mortality, will be a major management focus.