gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable semantic web data management using vertical partitioning (2007)

Efficient management of RDF data is an important factor in real-izing the Semantic Web vision. Performance and scalability issues are becoming increasingly pressing as Semantic Web technology is applied to real-world applications. In this paper, we examine the reasons why current data management solutions for RDF data scale poorly, and explore the fundamental scalability limitations of these approaches. We review the state of the art for improving perfor-mance for RDF databases and consider a recent suggestion, “prop-erty tables. ” We then discuss practically and empirically why this solution has undesirable features. As an improvement, we propose an alternative solution: vertically partitioning the RDF data. We compare the performance of vertical partitioning with prior art on queries generated by a Web-based RDF browser over a large-scale (more than 50 million triples) catalog of library data. Our results show that a vertical partitioned schema achieves similar perfor-mance to the property table technique while being much simpler to design. Further, if a column-oriented DBMS (a database archi-tected specially for the vertically partitioned case) is used instead of a row-oriented DBMS, another order of magnitude performance improvement is observed, with query times dropping from minutes to several seconds. 1.
Passage culture of human embryonic germ cells (2007)

Objective To find out the best method and most suitable time for the passage culture of human embryonic germ cells.Methods Primary human embryonic germ cells were obtained by tissue culturing of embryonic genital ridges and mesenteries from the embryos aged 8 weeks,and then were passaged on the 8th and 16th day using pick-up and digestive passage method.Three kinds of digestive juice were used.The colony numbers of every generation were recorded.Results Using the pick-up passage method on the 8th day after plated,the number of the colonyreduced after passaged twice.But the quantity was obviously increased at the forth generation using digestive pasage method.Conclusion The best time for the passage of hEGs is on the 8 th day after plating,and the best method is digestion passage method.
Highly Selective Capture of Monophosphopeptides by Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets (2019)

Separation of monophosphopeptides from multi-phosphopeptides in complex biological samples is significant in the study of protein kinase signal transduction pathways. To the best of our knowledge, very few materials have been reported that could selectively enrich monophosphopeptides because of the chemical difficulty in retaining the intermediate monophosphopeptides and excluding both non-phosphopeptides and multi-phosphopeptides in acidic conditions, which requires unique interactions to balance the metallic affinity and the hydrophobicity. With the large surface area, abundant accessible active sites, and ultrathin structures, two-dimensional (2-D) metal-organic framework (MOF) Hf-1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (BTB) nanosheets were rationally selected. Due to the elongated organic ligands and the balance between metallic affinity of clusters and hydrophobicity from ligands, the 2-D Hf-BTB nanosheets exhibited unique enrichment selectivity toward monophosphopeptides. The 2-D MOF nanosheets demonstrated excellent sensitivity (detection limit of 0.4 fmol μL<sup>-1</sup>) and selectivity [1:1000 molar ratios of β-casein/BSA (bovine serum albumin)] in model phosphopeptides enrichment. The nanosheets were implemented for the analysis of nonfat milk and human saliva samples as well as in situ isotope labeling for dysregulated phosphopeptides from patients' serum with anal canal inflammation, exhibiting 6.6-fold upregulation of serum phosphopeptide HS4 (ADpSGEGDFLAEGGGVR) compared to the control healthy serum. The proteomics analysis of mouse brain cortical samples associated with Alzheimer's disease, which were from <i>Akt</i> (protein kinase B) conditional knockout mouse and littermate control mouse, was further established with 2-D Hf-BTB nanosheets. With high capture efficiency for monophosphopeptides, this method was capable of distinguishing the difference of monophosphopeptides from microtubule-associated protein τ (MAPT/τ) between the <i>Akt</i> knockout sample and control sample.
Calcineurin is activated in diabetes and is required for glomerular hypertrophy and ECM accumulation (2003)

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by the rapid onset of hypertrophy and ECM expansion. Previously, we showed that calcineurin phosphatase is required for hypertrophy and ECM synthesis in cultured mesangial cells. Therefore, we examined the effect of calcineurin inhibition on renal hypertrophy and ECM accumulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After 2 wk of diabetes, calcineurin protein was increased in whole cortex and glomeruli in conjunction with increased phosphatase activity. Daily administration of cyclosporin A blocked accumulation of both calcineurin protein and calcineurin activity. Also associated with calcineurin upregulation was nuclear localization of the calcineurin substrate NFATc1. Inhibition of calcineurin reduced whole kidney hypertrophy and abolished glomerular hypertrophy in diabetic rats. Furthermore, calcineurin inhibition substantially reduced ECM accumulation in diabetic glomeruli but not in cortical tissue, suggesting a differential effect of calcineurin inhibition in glomerular vs. extraglomerular tissue. Corresponding increases in fibronectin mRNA and transforming growth factor-β mRNA were observed in tubulointerstitium but not in glomeruli. In summary, calcineurin plays an important role in glomerular hypertrophy and ECM accumulation in diabetic nephropathy.
Origin of JC polyomavirus variants associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (1993)

JC polyomavirus (JCV) DNAs from the urine of nonimmunocompromised individuals (designated archetypal isolates) regularly contain a regulatory sequence that may have generated various regulatory sequences of JCV isolates derived from the brain of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). In this report, we constructed a phylogenetic tree for 14 isolates (7 archetypes and 7 PML types) from DNA sequence data on the VP1 (major capsid protein) gene. According to the phylogenetic tree, the 14 isolates diverged into types A and B, each of which contained archetypal and PML-type isolates. Each type further diverged into several groups containing archetypal and PML-type isolates. We conclude that PML-type isolates are polyphyletic in their origin and do not constitute a unique lineage. This conclusion suggests that PML-type JCV isolates are generated from archetypal strains during persistence in the hosts. Furthermore, the present phylogenetic analysis indicates that an ancestral JCV carried the archetypal regulatory sequence and that this structure has been conserved in the course of JCV evolution.
Design and Synthesis of Ultralow Energy Spin-Memristor Threshold Logic (2014)

A threshold logic gate performs weighted sum of multiple inputs and compares the sum with a threshold. We propose spin-memristor threshold logic (SMTL) gates, which employ a memristive cross-bar array to perform current-mode summation of binary inputs, whereas the low-voltage fast-switching spintronic threshold devices carry out the threshold operation in an energy efficient manner. Field-programmable SMTL gate arrays can operate at a small terminal voltage of ~50 mV, resulting in ultralow power consumption in gates as well as programmable interconnect networks. We evaluate the performance of SMTL using threshold logic synthesis. Results for common benchmarks show that SMTL-based programmable logic hardware can be more than 100 × energy efficient than the state-of-the-art CMOS field-programmable gate array.
Endometrial Inhibin/Activin β-B Subunit Expression Is Related to Decidualization and Is Reduced in Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy (2008)

Despite similar concentrations of progesterone, the endometrium of ectopic pregnancies is less decidualized than intrauterine pregnancies. Expression of the beta-B subunit is related to decidualization and can be detected in the circulation as activin B. Serum activin B concentrations are lower in ectopic pregnancy.
Foucault plus twenty: On writing the history of Canadian psychiatry in the 1980s (1985)

The untimely recent death of French philosopher-historian Michel Foucault, at the age of 57, serves as a sad reminder that twenty years have now passed since the publication in English translation of his seminal 1961 study Historie de la Folie. In the intervening years, and largely as a result of Foucault's provocative revisionism, the history of psychiatry has emerged as one of the most exciting and controversial growth areas of the “new social history”. Scholars, in both Europe and the United States, have begun a critical re-assessment of the history of “madhouses, mad-doctors and madmen” in post-Reformation Western society. In particular attention has focused on the origins and development of the lunatic asylum in the nineteenth century. Rejecting the long-held “Whig” explanation of the institution as one of the great nineteenth century “reforms”, revisionist historians have erected a new “social control” model in its place. Recently, however, this “new orthodoxy” of interpretation has itself come under attack as a second generation of asylum studies has begun to appear in print. Still confined, for the most part, to reviews and articles, this new work, less strident and dogmatic in tone than that of the “social control” historians, points to a more balanced and nuanced account of the nineteenth century asylum experience. Psychiatric history is once again in a state of flux and it seems highly unlikely that the decade of the 1980s will close without seeing the production of one or more new synthetic overviews of nineteenth century psychiatry to match those produced by David Rothman and Andrew Scull in the 1970s.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of<i>Fatsia polycarpa</i>Hayata and Its Constituents (2013)

Fatsia polycarpa, a plant endemic to Taiwan, is an herbal medicine known for treating several inflammation-related diseases, but its biological function needs scientific support. Thus, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of the methanolic crude extract (MCE) of F. polycarpa and its feature constituents, that is, brassicasterol (a phytosterol), triterpenoids 3 α -hydroxyolean-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (HODA), 3 α -hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13 β -olide (HOEO), fatsicarpain D, and fatsicarpain F, were investigated. MCE and HOEO, but not brassicasterol, dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-)induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in RAW 264.7 macrophage line, whereas HODA, fatsicarpain D and fatsicarpain F were toxic to RAW cells. Additionally, MCE and HOEO suppressed LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-1 β and interfered with LPS-promoted activation of the inhibitor kappa B kinase (IKK)/nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B) pathway, and that of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. In animal tests, MCE and HOEO effectively ameliorated 12-O-tetradecanoylphorobol-13 acetate- (TPA-)induced ear edema of mice. Thus, MCE of F. polycarpa exhibited an obvious anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro that likely involved the inhibition of the IKK/NF- κ B pathway and the MAPKs, which may be attributed by triterpenoids such as HOEO.
Biochemistry for the Medical Sciences (1983)

This outstanding text, written in a clear, concise and easy-to-read style, provides students with an in-depth explanation of how each metabolic pathway is directly related to physiology, pharmacology, and clinical medicine. Emphasis is given to those medical problems encountered most frequently in daily clinical practice. Basic metabolism is presented as a coherent part of physiology and reference is made to the matabaolic aberrations seen in clinical situations.
A Group Signature Based Secure and Privacy-Preserving Vehicular Communication Framework (2007)

We propose a novel group signature based security framework for vehicular communications. Compared to the traditional digital signature scheme, the new scheme achieves authenticity, data integrity, anonymity, and accountability at the same time. Furthermore, we describe a scalable role-based access control approach for vehicular networks. Finally, we present a probabilistic signature verification scheme that can efficiently detect the tampered messages or the messages from an unauthorized node.
Adaptive Bayesian agents: Enabling distributed social networks (2006)

This article brings together two views of organisations: resource-based theories (RBT) and social network analysis (SNA). Resource-based theories stress the importance of tangible assets, as well as less tangible ones, in the competitive advantage and success of organisations. However, they provide little insight into how resources are brought together by an organisation to generate core competencies that provide a source of differentiation that cannot easily be reproduced or substituted. In contrast SNA provides insight into the complexity of organisations and the interaction between the people within them, taking account of uncertainty and complexity. However, neither perspective gives significant insight into how organisations evolve over time, and how their competitive position is sustained or eroded.Our view is that integrating these two perspectives gives deeper insight into the basis of competitive advantage, and how it can evolve over time. ‘Complementary resource combinations’ (CRCs), bundles of related resources, can provide a basis for differentiation but only when these are embedded in a complex web of social interactions specific to the organisation. The ‘socially-complex resource combinations’ (SRCs) enable competitive advantage that is not readily reproduced or substituted, and which evolves over time in an uncertain and complex way. They are the basis of distinctive organisational competencies that enable the organisation to be a player in the marketplace, and in some cases to sustain competitive advantage. To understand how competitive advantage can be sustained, it is necessary to understand how these SRCs evolve over time, based on the interactions in social networks. To do this, we use Bayesian networks and topic maps, making hidden social relationships tangible. We use dynamic agents to observe local and global behaviours to model the SRCs. In this, we use the concept of ‘agencies’ that are networks of individual agents and which can solve problems and adapt in ways that are too complex for individual agents. The article outlines how this approach can be used to model complex social networks over time, recognising uncertainty and complexity, hence giving the ability to predict changes that will occur in the SRCs.
Yield, Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of the Essential Oil of Sweet Basil and Holy Basil as Influenced by Distillation Methods (2016)

The profile and bioactivity of essential oil (EO) depends on genetic, environmental, and other factors. We hypothesized that the basil EO may be influenced by the distillation methods. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of steam distillation (SD) and hydrodistillation (HD) extraction method on the yield, composition, and bioactivity of EO of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) and holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum). In both basil species, the EO yield (content) was significantly higher from SD than from HD. There were significant differences in the compounds' concentrations of EO obtained from SD and HD as well, however, the same compounds were identified in the EO from HD and SD. In the EO of O. basilicum, the concentration of 74% of the identified compounds were higher in SD than HD, whereas in the EO of O. tenuiflorum, the concentration of 84% of identified compounds were higher in SD than in HD. However, the concentrations of two of the major compounds of O. basilicum EO (estragole and methyl cinnamate) and a major compound of O. tenuiflorum EO (methyl eugenol) were significantly higher in HD than in SD. The type of distillation did not affect the antioxidant capacity of basil EO within the species. This study demonstrated that the type of distillation may significantly affect oil yield and composition but not the antioxidant capacity of the EO from sweet and holy basil.
Expression Pattern of Two Paralogs Encoding Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenases in Arabidopsis. Isolation and Characterization of the Corresponding Mutants (2003)

Studying Arabidopsis mutants of the phenylpropanoid pathway has unraveled several biosynthetic steps of monolignol synthesis. Most of the genes leading to monolignol synthesis have been characterized recently in this herbaceous plant, except those encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). We have used the complete sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome to highlight a new view of the complete CAD gene family. Among nine AtCAD genes, we have identified the two distinct paralogs AtCAD-C and AtCAD-D, which share 75% identity and are likely to be involved in lignin biosynthesis in other plants. Northern, semiquantitative restriction fragment-length polymorphism-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western analysis revealed that AtCAD-C and AtCAD-D mRNA and protein ratios were organ dependent. Promoter activities of both genes are high in fibers and in xylem bundles. However, AtCAD-C displayed a larger range of sites of expression than AtCAD-D. Arabidopsis null mutants (Atcad-D and Atcad-C) corresponding to both genes were isolated. CAD activities were drastically reduced in both mutants, with a higher impact on sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity (6% and 38% of residual sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activities for Atcad-D and Atcad-C, respectively). Only Atcad-D showed a slight reduction in Klason lignin content and displayed modifications of lignin structure with a significant reduced proportion of conventional S lignin units in both stems and roots, together with the incorporation of sinapaldehyde structures ether linked at Cbeta. These results argue for a substantial role of AtCAD-D in lignification, and more specifically in the biosynthesis of sinapyl alcohol, the precursor of S lignin units.
Glucose transporters in the regulation of intestinal, renal, and liver glucose fluxes (1996)

Five functional mammalian facilitated hexose carriers (GLUTs) have been characterized by molecular cloning. By functional expression in heterologous systems, their specificity and affinity for different hexoses have been defined. There are three high-affinity transporters (GLUT-1, GLUT-3 and GLUT-4) and one low-affinity transporter (GLUT-2), and GLUT-5 is primarily a fructose carrier. Because their Michaelis constants (Km) are below the normal blood glucose concentration, the high-affinity transporters function at rates close to maximal velocity. Thus their level of cell surface expression greatly influences the rate of glucose uptake into the cells. In contrast, the rate of glucose uptake by GLUT-2 (Km = 17 mM) increases in parallel with the rise in blood glucose over the physiological concentration range. High-affinity transporters are found in almost every tissue, but their expression is higher in cells with high glycolytic activity. Glut-2, however, is found in tissues carrying large glucose fluxes, such as intestine, kidney, and liver. As an adaptive response to variations in metabolic conditions, the expression of these transporters is regulated by glucose and different hormones. Thus, because of their specific characteristics and regulated expression, the facilitated glucose transporters control fundamental aspects of glucose homeostasis. I review data pertaining to the structure and regulated expression of the glucose carriers present in intestine, kidney, and liver and discuss their role in the control of glucose flux into or out of these different tissues.
A Reactance Theorem (1924)

The theorem gives the most general form of the driving-point impedance of any network composed of a finite number of self-inductances, mutual inductances, and capacities. This impedance is a pure reactance with a number of resonant and anti-resonant frequencies which alternate with each other. Any such impedance may be physically realized (provided resistances can be made negligibly small) by a network consisting of a number of simple resonant circuits (inductance and capacity in series) in parallel or a number of simple anti-resonant circuits (inductance and capacity in parallel) in series. Formulas are given for the design of such networks. The variation of the reactance with frequency for several simple circuits is shown by curves. The proof of the theorem is based upon the solution of the analogous dynamical problem of the small oscillations of a system about a position of equilibrium with no frictional forces acting.
Surfactant-Mediated Cloud Point Extractions:  An Environmentally Benign Alternative Separation Approach (1999)

Aqueous solutions of certain surfactant micelles exhibit phase separation behavior upon temperature alteration. This phenomenon can be exploited in separation science for the development of extraction, purification, and preconcentration schemes for desired analytes. Since the addition of just a small amount of an appropriate nonionic or zwitterionic surfactant to the aqueous sample solution is required, this approach is convenient and fairly benign, eliminating the need for the use of organic solvents as in conventional liquid−liquid or solid−liquid extraction. The basic features, experimental protocols, and selected recent applications of this alternative extraction approach, termed cloud point extraction (CPE) or micelle-mediated extraction (ME), are briefly reviewed. In addition, the advantages, limitations, and anticipated future directions of this methodology are discussed.
A Study of the Critical Criteria for Analyte Stability in High-Temperature Liquid Chromatography (2002)

There are three major impediments to the use of high-temperature ultrafast liquid chromatography. First, the stationary phase must be thermally stable. Over the past decade, a series of thermally stable, highly efficient stationary phases have been developed that can withstand temperatures exceeding 200 degrees C. Second, the temperature mismatch between the incoming eluent and the column must be minimized (<5 degrees C), because such a mismatch is a very serious cause of peak broadening, especially in ultrafast separations. The thermal mismatch problem can be significantly ameliorated at high column linear velocities by using narrow-bore columns (2.1-mm i.d.). Third, analytes that are exposed to high temperatures must be thermally stable on the time scale of the chromatographic run. We report here a study of the ability of a number of pharmaceuticals to withstand superambient temperatures on the time scale of fast separations. We propose criteria by which a particular analyte may be rejected as a candidate for high-temperature analysis, and we demonstrate that complex molecules are amenable to quantitation, even at temperatures in excess of 100 degrees C in the aqueous media. We also show that as the time an analyte spends on hot column decreases, the extent of on-column reaction decreases for those analytes that do react. Although the seminal work of Antia and Horvath addresses these issues from a theoretical perspective, we hope to further alleviate fear of the use of high temperatures in liquid chromatography through the empirical approach used here.