gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential healing and neovascularization of ePTFE implants in subcutaneous versus adipose tissue (1997)

The preclinical evaluation of polymer biocompatibility is often performed using animal subcutaneous implant models. The choice of subcutaneous tissue as the implant site is due to a number of factors including simplicity of the surgery involved. Results from subcutaneous implants cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other tissues due to the differences in cellular composition of tissues. We have evaluated and compared the healing characteristics of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) discs implanted in either subcutaneous tissue or epididymal fat pad tissue in rats. Following 3 and 5 weeks of implantation, the healing characteristics of discs were evaluated histologically with particular emphasis on tissue and polymer neovascularization. Implants placed in subcutaneous tissue exhibited limited formation of new microvascular elements within and directly in contact with the polymer, and the formation of an extensive fibrous capsule. In contrast, ePTFE implanted in the epididymal fat pads of rats exhibited extensive neovascularization of tissue surrounding the polymer, penetration of these microvascular cells into the graft interstices for distances < or = 100 microns and no morphological evidence of a fibrous capsule. The rat epididymal fat pad provides an alternative tissue for polymer healing evaluations. Due to the extensive presence of fat in subcutaneous tissue in humans, we suggest the fat pad model provides a more relevant preclinical evaluation of the healing characteristics of polymers used clinically in anatomic positions which contain significant amounts of fat.
The enzymes in ubiquitin-like post-translational modifications. (2007)

Ubiquitin and at least ten ubiquitin-like proteins are important post-translational modifiers that regulate nearly every aspect of cellular function. These modifications require several chemical reactions that are catalyzed by at least three enzymes. Significant progress has been made in the structure-function analysis of these enzymes. This review describes new advancements in an understanding of the mechanisms of the enzymes catalyzing ubiquitin-like modifications, and highlights the important problems that remain to be addressed.
Factors affecting the infectivity of lymphocytes from cattle with bovine leukosis virus. (1984)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 13 bovine leukosis virus infected cattle and inoculated subcutaneously into 29 recipient adult steers to determine (a) the number of mononuclear cells (equivalent amount of blood) necessary to cause infection and (b) factors influencing infectivity of mononuclear cells from bovine leukosis virus-infected animals. A total of 55 inoculations were made. Inoculation of 1 X 10(4), 2 X 10(4) and 5 X 10(4) mononuclear cells caused seroconversion in 12%, 57% and 62% of steers, respectively. No infections occurred with 1 X 10(3) or 2 X 10(3) mononuclear cells. Cattle infected for longer than 24 months and those animals greater than three years of age were more likely to cause infection with 1 to 5 X 10(4) mononuclear cells than were cattle infected for less than 24 months or animals less than three years of age. Lymphocytes from cattle with persistent lymphocytosis caused more infections when 1 X 10(4) or 2 X 10(4) mononuclear cells were inoculated, than did lymphocytes from nonpersistent lymphocytosis cattle; however, both groups were equally infectious when 5 X 10(4) mononuclear cells were inoculated. No differences were found in infectivity of experimentally vs naturally exposed animals.
Incorporation of oxygen and chlorine atoms into low-temperature (850 °C) silicon epitaxial films by chemical vapor deposition (1995)

A correlation between the partial pressure of dichlorosilane gas (SiH2Cl2) and the incorporation of oxygen (O) and chlorine (Cl) atoms into the low-temperature (850 °C) epitaxial films was found. The profiles of O and Cl concentrations in the epitaxial films were measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Incorporation of O and Cl atoms into the growth films during the epitaxial growth was suppressed by increasing the partial pressure of SiH2Cl2. The growth rate linearly increased with the partial pressure of SiH2Cl2 and eventually saturated. Incorporation of O atoms was inhibited and fine removal of Cl atoms was achieved when the growth rates saturated. The epitaxial films with high O and Cl concentrations had a microroughened surface (root mean square of microroughness ≳0.4 nm). The microroughness was also improved by increasing the partial pressure of SiH2Cl2. The coverage of kinks and/or hollow bridge sites by hydrogen (H) and Cl atoms seems to restrict the reaction of O and water (H2O) with the growth front surface.
Multiprocessor cache analysis using ATUM (1988)

The design of high-performance multiprocessor systems necessitates a careful analysis of the memory system performance of parallel programs. Lacking multiprocessor address traces, previous multiprocessor performance studies using analytical models had to make an inordinate number of assumptions about the underlying memory reference patterns. We previously developed a scheme called ATUM - Address Tracing Using Microcode - to get reliable operating system and multiprogramming traces on single processors. This paper briefly describes the multiprocessor extension of ATUM and its implementation on a VAX 8350 multiprocessor. We also report on our use of the resulting traces to analyze physical versus virtual addressing of large caches, process-identifier hashing in virtual caches, cache interference between multiple processes, cache interference between multiple CPUs, process affinity, and semaphore usage in writeback caches.
Automated amidolytic method for determining heparin, a heparinoid, and a low-Mr heparin fragment, based on their anti-Xa activity. (1984)

Using the chromogenic substrate S-2222, we have optimized and automated an amidolytic assay for heparin. The assay is based on the detection of anti-Xa activity generated by heparin in plasma. The method is reproducible (intra- and interassay CVs of 2.4 and 3.3%, respectively) and reliable in antithrombin III-deficient plasma. Results of this assay, obtained for plasma samples from patients and volunteers treated with heparin, correlate well (r = 0.899) with those of the test for activated partial thromboplastin time. Upon administration of a low-Mr heparinoid (Org 10172) and heparin fragment ( Kabi 2165), however, the activated partial thromboplastin time failed to detect anticoagulant activity, whereas the chromogenic heparin assay revealed anti-Xa activity. This automated amidolytic assay for heparin is therefore suitable not only for monitoring standard therapy with heparin but also for measuring the activity of recently developed heparin fractions.
Bortezomib ± docetaxel in previously treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A phase 2 study (2005)

7034 Background: Bortezomib (VELCADE, Vc, Millennium Pharmaceuticals), a novel proteasome inhibitor, has demonstrated activity against NSCLC as monotherapy in preclinical and phase 1 studies. At the interim analysis of this randomized, multicenter phase 2 study (J Clin Oncol. 2004;22[suppl 14s]:643s), efficacy criteria for continuing the study were met, and toxicity was manageable. Thus, enrollment continued to the full accrual goal, targeted at 155 patients (pts). Methods: Major eligibility criteria: age ≥ 18 y, stage IIIB or IV NSCLC, Karnofsky performance score (KPS) ≥ 70%, and 1 prior chemotherapy regimen. Arm A received Vc 1.5 mg/m2 IV bolus on d 1, 4, 8, and 11 q 21d. Arm B received dexamethasone premedication, docetaxel (TAXOTERE, Tax) 75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hr on d 1 and Vc 1.3 mg/m2 (1 hr after Tax) on d 1, 4, 8, and 11 q 21 d. The primary objective was to assess response to Vc ± Tax. Secondary objectives were safety, tolerability, survival, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenomics. Results: 155 pts were enrolled, and data are currently available for the first 62 pts. Arm A had 30 pts, median age 63 y (range, 40–78), 83% prior paclitaxel, 80% KPS ≥ 80%. Arm B had 32 pts, median age 65 y (range, 20–82), 66% prior paclitaxel, 88% KPS ≥ 80%. Arm A demonstrated a partial response (PR) rate by RECIST of 10.0% (3/30). In arm B, the PR rate was 15.6% (5/32), and toxicities were manageable. Median time to progression was 42.5 d in arm A and 86 d in arm B; median duration of response was 299 d (9.8 mo) in arm A and has not yet been reached in arm B, but it is at least 9.8+ mo after a median follow-up of 8.0 mo (n = 5). The median duration of disease stabilization (complete response, PR, or stable disease) was 126 d (4.1 mo) in arm A (n = 8) and 160 d (5.3 mo) in arm B (n = 19). Treatment was well tolerated on both arms. The most common ≥ grade 3 events were dehydration, nausea, and vomiting in arm A, and neutropenia, fatigue, and diarrhea in arm B. Conclusion: Vc demonstrates encouraging activity in pts with NSCLC, both as a single agent and in combination with Tax, and toxicities are manageable. The final analysis is ongoing; updated results for all 158 pts will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, EMD, Genentech, Millennium, Taiho Amgen, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly Oncology, Merck, Pfizer, Taiho AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Ligand, Lilly Oncology, Millennium, Pfizer AstraZeneca Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly
Modeling and Optimizing IEEE 802.11 DCF for Long-Distance Links (2010)

Most rural areas in developing countries are isolated due to the lack of appropriate low-cost communication technologies. Previous experiences have shown that IEEE 802.11 can be used for the deployment of large static mesh networks with only minor changes to the MAC layer that enable WiFi transceivers to work properly even for very long distances (up to 100 km in point to point links, and almost 40 km in point to multipoint setups). However, the impact of distance on performance of such long links has not been deeply analyzed. In addition, previous analytical models of IEEE 802.11 DCF cannot be applied because they implicitly assume that the propagation time can be neglected. This paper formally studies the impact of the distance on the behavior of IEEE 802.11 DCF and presents an analytical model of IEEE 802.11 DCF that accounts for distances correctly. The model is validated with simulations and within a controlled experimental framework, based on wireless channel emulation. Finally, we propose adjustments for ACKTimeout, CTSTimeout, SlotTime, and CW_{min} parameters that improve significantly the performance of DCF over long distances.
The structure of crystalline 1,2‐polybutadiene and of other “syndyotactic polymers” (1956)

Abstract With the aid of anionic polymerization catalysts, 1,2‐polybutadiene of high molecular weight has been synthesized. It is a crystalline material with a melting point above 150°C. Electron and x‐ray diffraction studies with oriented films permitted determination of the elementary cell, the space group, and the coordinates of the individual carbon atoms in the cell. The chains deviate slightly from the conventional planar zig‐zag structure, the vinyl group substituents are arranged in the 1–3 sequence with alternating D and L configurations. It is proposed to call this type of spatial arrangement in head‐to‐tail vinyl polymers a syndyotactic arrangement. Also polyvinyl chloride, obtained with free radical catalysts, contains small ordered regions, with a structure similar to syndyotactic 1,2‐polybutadiene.
Preliminary Measurements of Illumination in Motion Picture Projection (1919)

First efforts to compare accurately the total illumination in motion picture projection with different optical arrangements, led to such improbable conclusions as to point to errors of observation so large as to render the required comparison unsatisfactory. The problem is to compare the quantities of light falling on the objective lens through a standard motion-picture aperture, with different sizes of source and objective; with different condenser systems, and with different distances between the various components. The reason for considering the light falling on the objective rather than on the screen is that the efficiency of the objective depends on its design, and with the large number of designs now at hand, the addition of this complication seemed inadvisable—especially as this problem belongs to the lens designer alone, and has nothing to do with the relation of the different parts of the projection apparatus. Accordingly, for the objective lens there was substituted a dummy objective, that is, a circular hole in a brass plate, this hole being of the size of the assumed effective diameter of the lens and the plate being at a distance from the aperture equal to the assumed focal length of the lens. Immediately behind this dummy objective was put a piece of flashed opal glass considerably larger than it, and 4 inches from this glass another similar one—a connecting brass tube blocking out stray light between. The illumination of the center of this second opal glass by the first is very even, and is proportional to the total light flux delivered by the rest of the optical system to the objective. The even illumination of this second opal glass was measured by a photometer mounted directly behind it, and built in as one assembly with the opal glasses, the dummy objective, and the aperture plate. The aperture plate was 5½ inches in front of the dummy objective; the 5½ inches corresponding to the focal length of an objective frequently met in practice. An arrangement was made for changing the size of the objective opening.
Flow Control (1989)

The ability to actively or passively manipulate a flow field to effect a desired change is of immense technological importance. In this article, methods of control to achieve transition delay, separation postponement, lift enhancement, drag reduction, turbulence augmentation, or noise suppression are considered. The treatment is tutorial at times, making the material accessible to the advanced graduate student in the field of fluid mechanics. Emphasis is placed on external boundary-layer flows although applicability of some of the methods reviewed for internal flows will be mentioned. An attempt is made to present a unified view of the means by which different methods of control achieve a variety of end results. Performance penalties associated with a particular method such as cost, complexity, or trade-off will be elaborated.
Natural and anthropogenic sources of East Asian dust (2009)

Nd-Sr isotopic signatures of loess, modern dust, and their potential source materials are systematically investigated to discriminate the natural and anthropogenic sources of eastern Asian dust. Chinese loess is an eolian deposit that has accumulated over the past few million years, and is characterized by a negative Nd-Sr isotopic correlation that implies binary sources for the natural background of eastern Asian dust. Loess in northeastern China shows the highest ε(0) value, while loess in western China has the lowest ε(0). Considering the Nd-Sr isotopic signatures of the potential sources, we propose that the high ε(0) end member is derived from the arid lands around the northern boundary of China while the low ε(0) end member originates from the deserts on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Loess Plateau deposits are dominated by northern margin Tibetan Plateau dust, suggesting a strong link between the thick eolian deposit in this region and the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. The long-range transported spring dust in both Nanjing (south China) and Japan has an Nd-Sr isotopic composition similar to that of loess. However, spring dust in Beijing (north China) has a much lower ε(0) value, indicating an additional anthropogenic contribution of low ε(0) material, possibly from the sandy lands in the adjacent north and west.
Lectin purified human class I MHC‐derived peptides: evidence for presentation of glycopeptides <i>in vivo</i> (2000)

Previously, using synthetic glycopeptides carrying a natural cytosolic type of monosaccharide O-beta-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) glycosylation of serine residues, we have shown that glycopeptides act as suitable substrates for TAP-mediated transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and that they bind efficiently to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and can elicit glycopeptide-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in mice. Recently, we have reported that peptides presented by human class I MHC molecules in vivo encompass a small but significant amount of peptides which seem to be carrying O-beta-linked monosaccharide GlcNAc. In the present report we provide further evidence that glycosylated peptides are indeed presented by class I MHC molecules in vivo. Thus, peptides derived from HLA-A*0201 were purified by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin affinity chromatography as previously described. Subsequently, the peptides contained in the WGA-eluate were subjected to sequence analysis by Edman degradation. It was found that the peptides derived from HLA-A*0201 which had been retained by the O-GlcNAc-binding lectin WGA did indeed carry a HLA-A*0201 binding motif. Furthermore, using an enzymatic labeling procedure we present evidence that the HLA-A*0201-derived peptides which bind to the WGA lectin are glycosylated with terminal GlcNAc residues. Together, these data provide further evidence for the natural presentation by human class I MHC of glycopeptides carrying terminal O-GlcNAc residues in vivo.
Oxidative Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids (1980)

The present state of studies on the decarboxylation of carboxylic acids by various oxidation systems is described and the dependence of the yield and composition of the reaction products on the structure of the carboxylic acid, the type of oxidant and its ligand environment, the nature of the solvent, and the reaction mechanism is considered. The intermediate involvement of radicals and ions, produced by successive one-electron transfer processes, in the formation of a wide variety of decarboxylation products is discussed. The bibliography includes 156 references.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOCUPRATE INDUCED ALLYLIC VERSUS PROPARGYLIC 1,3‐SUBSTITUTION IN SULFINATES AND SULFONATES DERIVED FROM 3‐HYDROXY‐1‐PENTEN‐4‐YNES. IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF A PRECURSOR FOR THE PRESUMED SEX ATTRACTANT OF ACANTHOSCELIDES OBTECTUS (1979)

Abstract Die Heterocuprate (I) reagieren mit (E)‐Sulfinaten in THF unter allylischer und/ oder propargylischer 1,3‐Substitution, wobei der Reaktionsablauf von den Substituenten in 1‐ und 5‐Stellung der Sulfinate bestimmt wird.
Effect of Dynamic Bubble Nucleation on Bitumen Flotation (2010)

Bubble nucleation in water under dynamic conditions was investigated using an autoclave at an air saturation pressure of 7 atm with different operating conditions. Agitation during air saturation of water was found to be crucial in enhancing tiny bubble formation. Without agitation, virtually no bubbles nucleated on hydrophobic surfaces. More bubbles were found to nucleate on hydrophobic surfaces at a higher agitation rate due to the formation of more cavities by more intense hydrodynamic conditions. The effect of saturation temperature (20–90°C) on bubble nucleation under dynamic conditions was only marginal, which differed from static bubble nucleation where the nucleation event reduced with increasing temperature. Flotation recovery of bitumen from oil sands extraction demonstrated a significant role of tiny bubbles nucleated in water: more than a 50–170% increase in bitumen recovery from different oil sands was obtained by using air supersaturated water rather than regular water. Résumé On a étudié la nucléation de bulle dans l'eau, sous des conditions dynamiques, en utilisant un autoclave à une pression de saturation de l'air de 7 atm, à différentes conditions d'opération. On a trouvé que l'agitation lors de la saturation en air de l'eau était cruciale pour améliorer la formation de bulles minuscules. Sans agitation, virtuellement aucune bulle n'était nucléée sur les surfaces hydrophobes. On a trouvé qu'un plus grand nombre de bulles étaient nucléées sur les surfaces hydrophobes à une vitesse d'agitation plus élevée à cause de la formation d'un plus grand nombre de cavités sous l'effet des conditions hydrodynamiques plus intenses. L'effet de la température de saturation (20–90°C) sur la nucléation de bulle sous des conditions dynamiques était marginal, ce qui différait de la nucléation statique de bulle où l'événement de nucléation était réduit avec l'augmentation de la température. La récupération par flottation du bitume par extraction des sables bitumineux a démontré un rôle significatif des bulles nucléées dans l'eau: on a obtenu une augmentation de plus de 50–170% de la récupération du bitume à partir de différents sables bitumineux en utilisant de l'eau sursaturée à l'air plutôt que de l'eau régulière.
A GSO(Ce) block type detector for high count rate PET applications (2002)

The benefits of block type detectors for PET applications are well understood and are provided by commercial BGO and NaI(Tl) systems. In order to extend the count rate capabilities for many applications, a block type detector using GSO(Ce) has been designed, constructed, and tested. GSO(Ce) crystals are shown to produce 2.9 times the effective light output of BGO and yield an energy resolution of 11% FWHM for 511 keV photons. An assembly of a square array of 36 crystals measuring 4.5/spl times/4.5/spl times/30 mm coupled to 4 cylindrical photomultiplier tubes produces signals which are sampled and recorded within 150 nsec. The computed Anger plot demonstrates individual detector delineation for both flood field and collimated beam illumination. The 56 nsec decay time of the emissions of GSO(Ce) coupled with the small size of the block should realize approximately an order of magnitude improvement in count rate over many current commercial BGO block detector modules based on dead time considerations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simulation of clock noise and AU-4 pointer action in SDH equipment (2002)

One of the most important open issues in standard bodies dealing with synchronization of SDH networks is a better understanding of the impact of phase and frequency instabilities in synchronous equipment clocks (SECs) on the statistics of pointer adjustments. In this paper, a flexible simulator of clock phase noise and of AU-4 pointer action is described. This simulator was designed with the aim of investigating how different spectra of SEC noise do impact on the statistics of AU-4 pointer adjustments. In particular, some results of simulations of different kinds of SEC noise obeying the power-law model are provided. Moreover, results of simulation of SEC noise fitting the ITU-T and ETSI standard mask specifying wander tolerance in terms of time deviation are reported.
Nicotine Silicotungstates (1942)

Journal Article Nicotine Silicotungstates Get access L N Markwood L N Markwood Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 25, Issue 2, 1 May 1942, Pages 474–478, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/25.2.474 Published: 14 February 2020