gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of intelligent decision making system to generate flight scenario automatically (2011)

In this paper, a new structure of an autonomous system generating a valid flight scenario for a satellite is designed and implemented. The hypothetical mission of this satellite is imaging from any points which are specified by users and also acquiring a sequence of imaged from high priority points on earth like fires jungles or volcano. The main intelligent decision making system in the satellite has to generate flight scenario of a microsatellite by receiving longitude and latitude of each requested imaging point from the earth. In this article an introduction of intelligent systems and their architecture for a typical microsatellite, cooperation scenarios between ground stations and a satellite and their missions are investigated. Finally the proposed intelligent system architecture and implementation of each layer and their integration is discussed. To test this new developed architecture a proper test bench is designed too. One of the approaches is adding some degree of autonomy to OBC of a satellite. All goals that are mentioned for an intelligent system and expansion in autonomy lead to self-based decision making process. This onboard decision making process is helpful in those situations that are not previewed on earth therefore are not scheduled to be done by satellite. This facility helps the system to pass the unsafe situations and response to them in a best way. At least this aspect can reduce destructible side effects of sudden situations.
Numerical simulation of two-dimensional heat transfer in composite bodies with application to de-icing of aircraft components (1983)

Transient, numerical simulations of the de-icing of composite aircraft components by electrothermal heating were performed for a two dimensional rectangular geometry. The implicit Crank-Nicolson formulation was used to insure stability of the finite-difference heat conduction equations and the phase change in the ice layer was simulated using the Enthalpy method. The Gauss-Seidel point iterative method was used to solve the system of difference equations. Numerical solutions illustrating de-icer performance for various composite aircraft structures and environmental conditions are presented. Comparisons are made with previous studies. The simulation can also be used to solve a variety of other heat conduction problems involving composite bodies.
Improved encoding strategy for CPMG‐based Bloch‐Siegert <i>B</i> mapping (2011)

Abstract Bloch‐Siegert (BS) based B mapping methods use off‐resonant pulses to encode quantitative B information into the signal phase. It was recently shown that the principle behind BS‐based B mapping can be expanded from spin echo (BS‐SE) and gradient‐echo (BS‐FLASH) based BS B mapping to methods such as Carr, Purcell, Meiboom, Gill (CPMG)‐based turbo‐spin echo (BS‐CPMG‐TSE) and multi‐spin echo (BS‐CPMG‐MSE) imaging. If CPMG conditions are preserved, BS‐CPMG‐TSE allows fast acquisition of the B information and BS‐CPMG‐MSE enables simultaneous mapping of B , M 0 , and T 2 . To date, however, two separate MRI experiments must be performed to enable the calculation of B maps. This study investigated a modified encoding strategy for CPMG BS‐based methods to overcome this limitation. By applying a “bipolar” off‐resonant BS pulse before the refocusing pulse train, the needed phase information was able to be encoded into different echo images of one echo train. Thus, this technique allowed simultaneous B and T 2 mapping in a single BS‐CPMG‐MSE experiment. To allow single‐shot B mapping, this method was also applied to turbo‐spin echo imaging. Furthermore, the presented modification intrinsically minimizes phase‐based image artifacts in BS‐CPMG‐TSE experiments. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tonic and acute nitric oxide signaling through soluble guanylate cyclase: Roles of non-heme nitric oxide, ATP, and globins. (2005)

Nitric oxide (NO) mediates blood vessel relaxation, complex aspects of myocardial function, perfusion and function of all major organs, synaptic plasticity in the brain, platelet aggregation, skin function, and numerous other physiological processes, by targeting and activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). In the existing activation model, NO binds to the heme of sGC, forming a 6-coordinate intermediate. The rate of conversion of this intermediate to the final 5-coordinate ferrous-nitrosyl species depends on the concentration of NO; thus, non-heme NO somehow accelerates rupture of the proximal histidine-iron bond. Breaking of this bond is thought to result in a conformational change in the catalytic domain of the enzyme, accelerating the basal rate of conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP several hundred fold. cGMP triggers downstream cascades that result in the physiological responses to NO. Dysregulation of NO signaling, then, contributes to many types of disease state, from erectile dysfunction and heart disease, to neurodegeneration, stroke, hypertension, and gastrointestinal disease, to name a few. <italic>In vivo</italic> and <italic>ex vivo</italic> tissue studies of NO have revealed two fundamentally distinct and paradoxical signaling modes: tonic and acute. Tonic NO describes the continual low-level production of NO that elicits a long-lasting low-level cGMP signal. An acute burst of NO synthesis causes a rapid and transient rise in cGMP levels, resulting in processes such as vasodilation. These data, which describe two separate effects of NO, cannot be explained by the established binary model for NO regulation of sGC: that NO activates sGC solely by binding to its heme co-factor. To explore this discrepancy, I studied the kinetics of NO-heme dissociation and enzyme deactivation. In the presence of physiological concentrations of ATP and GTP, NO dissociation from the sGC heme is ∼500 times slower than the rate of enzyme deactivation <italic>in vitro</italic>. Deactivated sGC still has NO bound to the heme, and full activation requires additional NO. Intracellular globins trap NO <italic>in vivo</italic>, diminishing the acute response to NO; they also form a complex with sGC and accelerate dissociation of NO from the heme. We propose an activation model where, in the presence of both ATP and GTP, tonic NO forms a stable heme complex with low sGC activity; acute production of NO transiently and fully activates this NO-bound sGC. Globins accelerate deactivation of both species of NO-activated sGC.
Nonparametric Link Prediction in Dynamic Networks (2012)

We propose a non-parametric link prediction algorithm for a sequence of graph snapshots over time. The model predicts links based on the features of its endpoints, as well as those of the local neighborhood around the endpoints. This allows for different types of neighborhoods in a graph, each with its own dynamics (e.g, growing or shrinking communities). We prove the consistency of our estimator, and give a fast implementation based on locality-sensitive hashing. Experiments with simulated as well as five real-world dynamic graphs show that we outperform the state of the art, especially when sharp fluctuations or non-linearities are present.
Lissajous‐like patterns in scatter plots of calibration beads (1994)

Flow cytometric measurements of light scattering of polystyrene calibration beads revealed remarkable Lissajous-like loops in two-parameter scatter plots. The existence of such loops is shown to be in qualitative agreement with Lorenz-Mie scattering theory of homogeneous spheres. The occurrence of these patterns reflects the extreme particle size dependency of perpendicular light scattering of homogeneous spheres. These effects may give an explanation for the frequently observed phenomenon that polystyrene spheres reveal a relatively large CV in the perpendicular light scattering signals, whereas the CV of the forward light scattering signal is small. We conclude that one should be careful to optimize the perpendicular light scattering channel by minimizing the CV, because there is no linear relationship between instrument alignment quality and the CV of the perpendicular light scattering signals of calibration beads.
Discovery of synergistic genetic network: A minimum spanning tree-based approach (2015)

Identification of gene interactions is one of the very well-known and important problems in the field of genetics. However, discovering synergistic gene interactions is a relatively new problem which has been proven to be as significant as the former in genetics. Several approaches have been proposed in this regard and most of them depend upon information theoretic measures. These approaches quantize the gene expression levels, explicitly or implicitly and therefore, may lose information. Here, we have proposed a novel approach for identifying synergistic gene interactions directly from the continuous expression levels, using a minimum spanning tree (MST)-based algorithm. We have used this approach to find pairs of synergistically interacting genes in prostate cancer. The advantages of our method are that it does not need any discretization and it can be extended straightway to find synergistically interacting sets of genes having three or more elements as per the requirement of the situation. We have demonstrated the relevance of the synergistic genes in cancer biology using KEGG pathway analysis and otherwise.
Weight Characteristics of Birds Killed in Nocturnal Migration (1962)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Regulation of proline accumulation in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (L.) Heynh during development and in response to desiccation (1995)

ABSTRACT Significant differences were observed in the amount and proportion of free amino acids in different organs of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, ecotype Columbia. The most notable were found for proline, which formed 17–26% of the total free amino acid concentration in reproductive tissues (floret and seed), but only 1–3% of the total free amino acid concentration in vegetative tissues (rosette leaf and root). Proline accumulation was associated with tissues that had relatively low water contents. Tissues which displayed high water contents, such as rosette leaves, contained low levels of proline. A significant increase in the levels of proline accumulation occurred in plants subjected to experimentally induced low water potentials as compared to unstressed plants. For instance, an 8–10‐fold increase in proline was observed in the presence of 120 mmol kg −1 NaCl or KCl, and a 20‐fold increase was stimulated by 60 mmol kg −1 PEG. However, in addition to the accumulation of proline, massive accumulation of Na + , K + and Cl − ions occurred in tissues of plants stressed with salt. No significant differences were observed in mineral ions in plants stressed with PEG. Isotope tracer experiments with 14 C compounds established that glutamate, ornithine and arginine are precursors of the proline biosynthesis induced by PEG in response to low water potentials in Arabidopsis thaliana . We conclude that the accumulation of proline in response to PEG occurs through increased biosynthesis.
Changing the composition of buffered eye-drops prevents undesired side effects (2010)

Clinical observations show that topical use of artificial tears containing phosphate on injured eyes may lead to sight-threatening corneal complications. Simulation of such treatment conditions by the EVEIT convincingly demonstrates that changes in the composition of the pharmaceutically used treatments can prevent this undesired side effect. Although considerable healing was achieved during the repeated application of eye-drops, using either a phosphate or citrate buffer, only the drops containing citrate did not develop corneal calcification on the eye. The authors therefore recommend discontinuing the use of phosphate-buffered eye-drops, or other topically applied solutions, to avoid further injury to the patient.
Biosensing Technologies for<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Detection: Status and New Developments (2011)

Biosensing technologies promise to improve Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) detection and management in clinical diagnosis, food analysis, bioprocess, and environmental monitoring. A variety of portable, rapid, and sensitive biosensors with immediate "on-the-spot" interpretation have been developed for M. tuberculosis detection based on different biological elements recognition systems and basic signal transducer principles. Here, we present a synopsis of current developments of biosensing technologies for M. tuberculosis detection, which are classified on the basis of basic signal transducer principles, including piezoelectric quartz crystal biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and magnetoelastic biosensors. Special attention is paid to the methods for improving the framework and analytical parameters of the biosensors, including sensitivity and analysis time as well as automation of analysis procedures. Challenges and perspectives of biosensing technologies development for M. tuberculosis detection are also discussed in the final part of this paper.
Interleukin-2 is required for the induction of erythrocyte--specific antibody responses in human lymphocyte cultures. (1984)

The involvement of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the generation of human antibody responses was studied using the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced sheep erythrocyte-specific plaque-forming cell (SE-PFC) response of cultured tonsilar lymphocytes. IL-2-containing supernatants from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human spleen or tonsil cells or the cloned human T cell line JURKAT were capable of replacing the requirement for PWM in the generation of SE-PFC and resulted in a more prolonged response than that observed with PWM. This effect of IL-2-containing medium was dependent on the presence of SE-derived antigens and was not due to the induction of polyclonal antibody synthesis. When purified by gel filtration the SE-PFC-inducing activity co-eluted with IL-2 with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 15,000 (range, 8,000-20,000). Selective removal of IL-2 from crude or partially purified IL-2 preparations by extensive adsorption with activated murine thymocytes or an IL-2-dependent T cell line completely eliminated SE-PFC-inducing activity, indicating that IL-2 itself was necessary for the effect. The question of whether or not this effect was mediated through T cells is discussed.
Optimized delivery of fluorescently labeled proteins in live bacteria using electroporation (2014)

Studying the structure and dynamics of proteins in live cells is essential to understanding their physiological activities and mechanisms, and to validating in vitro characterization. Improvements in labeling and imaging technologies are starting to allow such in vivo studies; however, a number of technical challenges remain. Recently, we developed an electroporation-based protocol for internalization, which allows biomolecules labeled with organic fluorophores to be introduced at high efficiency into live E. coli (Crawford et al. in Biophys J 105 (11):2439-2450, 2013). Here, we address important challenges related to internalization of proteins, and optimize our method in terms of (1) electroporation buffer conditions; (2) removal of dye contaminants from stock protein samples; and (3) removal of non-internalized molecules from cell suspension after electroporation. We illustrate the usability of the optimized protocol by demonstrating high-efficiency internalization of a 10-kDa protein, the ω subunit of RNA polymerase. Provided that suggested control experiments are carried out, any fluorescently labeled protein of up to 60 kDa could be internalized using our method. Further, we probe the effect of electroporation voltage on internalization efficiency and cell viability and demonstrate that, whilst internalization increases with increased voltage, cell viability is compromised. However, due to the low number of damaged cells in our samples, the major fraction of loaded cells always corresponds to non-damaged cells. By taking care to include only viable cells into analysis, our method allows physiologically relevant studies to be performed, including in vivo measurements of protein diffusion, localization and intramolecular dynamics via single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer.
Modeling of Ventricular Arrhythmias (2012)

The heart is the organ for which modeling and simulation have achieved the highest degree of sophistication. Among the applications of multi-scale heart models, modeling ventricular arrhythmias has been on the forefront of cardiac simulation research, driven by the significance of uncovering the mechanisms underlying sudden cardiac death. The goal of this review article is to assess the current state of ventricular arrhythmia modeling. We first present the general approach to modeling cardiac arrhythmias at the organ level. We then review specific applications of three-dimensional ventricular multi-scale modeling in elucidating the mechanisms of reentrant arrhythmias in the ventricles. The article showcases the contributions that ventricular modeling and simulation have made to our understanding of the cardiac rhythm disorders. A summary of the future developments envisioned for the field of ventricular arrhythmia modeling is also presented.
Isolation of mutants of Mycoplasma pneumoniae defective in hemadsorption (1979)

Mutants of Mycoplasma pneumoniae incapable of hemadsorption were isolated by means of chemical mutagenesis. These hemadsorption-negative mutants did not attach to hamster tracheal rings in vitro at as high a frequency as that exhibited by the wild-type parent strain.
Study of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> (2007)

We study the following charmless baryonic three-body decays of $B$ mesons: ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$, and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The partial branching fractions as a function of the baryon-antibaryon mass and the polar angle distributions of the proton in the baryon-antibaryon system are presented. This study includes the first observation of ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$, which is measured to have a branching fraction of $({3.00}_{\ensuremath{-}0.53}^{+0.61}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.33)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$. We also set upper limits on branching fractions of the two-body decays ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\overline{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{*\ensuremath{-}}$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{0}\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$, ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\overline{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{*0}$, and ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{+}\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ at the 90% confidence level. These results are obtained from a $414\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample collected near the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.
Toward Vasculature in Skeletal Muscle-on-a-Chip through Thermo-Responsive Sacrificial Templates (2020)

Developing new approaches for vascularizing synthetic tissue systems will have a tremendous impact in diverse areas. One area where this is particularly important is developing new skeletal muscle tissue systems, which could be utilized in physiological model studies and tissue regeneration. To develop vascularized approaches a microfluidic on-chip design for creating channels in polymer systems can be pursued. Current microfluidic tissue engineering methods include soft lithography, rapid prototyping, and cell printing; however, these have limitations such as having their scaffolding being inorganic, less desirable planar vasculature geometry, low fabrication efficiency, and limited resolution. Here we successfully developed a circular microfluidic channel embedded in a 3D extracellular matrix scaffolding with 3D myogenesis. We used a thermo-responsive polymer approach with micromilling-molding and designed a mixture of polyester wax and paraffin wax to fabricate the sacrificial template for microfluidic channel generation in the scaffolding. These findings will impact a number of fields including biomaterials, biomimetic structures, and personalized medicine in the future.
Time-domain reactive power concepts for nonlinear, nonsinusoidal or nonperiodic networks (2002)

Two methods for extending the definition of reactive power beyond the sinusoidal steady state are presented. Reactive power concepts are created that can be useful in the state-space analysis of nonlinear or nonperiodic systems. All definitions and results are given purely in the time domain without using Fourier analysis or other orthogonal function expansions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dual-beam laser deflection sensor (1985)

A compact, dual-beam laser deflection system was built, mainly from commercially available parts. While the detector and electronics yielded noise levels at the theoretical level for the detector, pointing instability of the laser led to an increase in noise by a factor of about 103. The dual-beam arrangement gave only a factor of about 4 improvement over the single-beam mode due to alignment and drift problems. Further improvement requires a feedback system to minimize signal arising from common-mode beam displacements.
Chikungunya Vaccine Candidate Is Highly Attenuated and Protects Nonhuman Primates Against Telemetrically Monitored Disease Following a Single Dose (2014)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes major epidemics of rash, fever, and debilitating arthritis. Currently, there are no vaccines or antivirals available for prevention or treatment. We therefore generated 2 live-attenuated vaccine candidates based on the insertion of a picornavirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequence into the genome of CHIKV. Vaccination of cynomolgus macaques with a single dose of either vaccine produced no signs of disease but was highly immunogenic. After challenge with a subcutaneous inoculation of wild-type CHIKV, both vaccine candidates prevented the development of detectable viremia. Protected animals also exhibited no significant changes in core body temperature or cardiovascular rhythm, whereas sham-vaccinated animals showed hyperthermia, followed by sustained hypothermia, as well as significant changes in heart rate. These CHIKV/IRES vaccine candidates appear to be safe and efficacious, supporting their strong potential as human vaccines to protect against CHIKV infection and reduce transmission and further spread.
Analysis of Aharonov-Bohm effect due to time-dependent vector potentials (1992)

We analyze and propose a method to detect the Aharonov-Bohm effect due to time-varying vector potentials, specifically those arising from a coherent light source. We show that the effect is feasible for use as a light-intensity detector. The quantum limit of detection is that of a single photon. Such a system would be a quantum-nondemolition measurement since no photon absorption occurs.