gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal environment and colorectal cancer: a putative role for probiotics in prevention of colorectal cancer? (2011)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States, and, even though 5-15% of the total CRC cases can be attributed to individual genetic predisposition, environmental factors could be considered major factors in susceptibility to CRC. Lifestyle factors increasing the risks of CRC include elevated body mass index, obesity, and reduced physical activity. Additionally, a number of dietary elements have been associated with higher or lower incidence of CRC. In this context, it has been suggested that diets high in fruit and low in meat might have a protective effect, reducing the incidence of colorectal adenomas by modulating the composition of the normal nonpathogenic commensal microbiota. In addition, it has been demonstrated that changes in abundance of taxonomic groups have a profound impact on the gastrointestinal physiology, and an increasing number of studies are proposing that the microbiota mediates the generation of dietary factors triggering colon cancer. High-throughput sequencing and molecular taxonomic technologies are rapidly filling the knowledge gaps left by conventional microbiology techniques to obtain a comprehensive catalog of the human intestinal microbiota and their associated metabolic repertoire. The information provided by these studies will be essential to identify agents capable of modulating the massive amount of gut bacteria in safe noninvasive manners to prevent CRC. Probiotics, defined as "live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host" (219), are capable of transient modulation of the microbiota, and their beneficial effects include reinforcement of the natural defense mechanisms and protection against gastrointestinal disorders. Probiotics have been successfully used to manage infant diarrhea, food allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease; hence, the purpose of this review was to examine probiotic metabolic activities that may have an effect on the prevention of CRC by scavenging toxic compounds or preventing their generation in situ. Additionally, a brief consideration is given to safety evaluation and production methods in the context of probiotics efficacy.
Serum Amyloid P Component Binds to Influenza A Virus Haemagglutinin and Inhibits the Virus Infection <i>In Vitro</i> (1997)

Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a member of the phylogenetically conserved and structurally related group of proteins called pentraxins. SAP exhibits multispecific calcium-dependent binding to oligosaccharides with terminal N-acetyl-galactosamine, mannose and glucuronic acid. The authors report that SAP can bind to influenza A virus and inhibit agglutination of erythrocytes mediated by the virus subtypes H1N1, H2N2 and H3N2. SAP also inhibits the production of haemagglutinin (HA) an the cytopathogenic effect of influenza A virus in MDCK cells. The binding of SAP to the virus requires physiological calcium concentrations and is blocked by specific SAP antibodies. Denaturated and renaturated SAP retained inhibition of HA. Electron microscopy shows Ca(2+)-dependent binding of SAP to spikes on the viral envelope and immunoblotting indicates that SAP binds to a 50-55 kDa peptide corresponding to the mass of the HA1 peptide. Of several monosaccharides tested only D-mannose interfered with SAP's inhibition of both HA and infectivity. The glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate and heparin, which bind SAP, reduced SAPs binding to the virus. The results indicate that the inhibition by SAP is due to steric effects when SAP binds to terminal mannose on oligosaccharides localized close to the sialic acid-binding site of the HA trimer.
A dynamic reconfigurable RF circuit architecture (2005)

This paper proposes a dynamic reconfigurable architecture for analog RF circuits. The architecture consists of RF circuits and a control circuit. The RF circuits can be reconfigured by bias voltages of transistors and variable passive components, and the RF circuit block can also be switched dynamically. The proposed architecture can realize the multi-band/mode RF circuit in single chip for the Software Defined Radio, which achieves considerable reduction of circuit area and power consumption. On the other hand, we can obtain robust RF circuits by the dynamic reconfiguration for the process variation, the dynamic change of temperature, etc.
Using Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer as an Organic Mulch Fire Retardant (1996)

The multiple benefits of organic mulches in landscape environments are well documented (3,7). The few problems associated with mulch use can be minimized or avoided with proper management. For example, development of nitrogen deficiency can be reduced by the addition of small amounts of nitrogen fertilizer to the mulch. Rates of 2 to 3 Ib nitrogen per 100 ft2 of mulch are recommended (2,4). Another problem, particularly in the United States West with its dry summer months, is the fire potential. Several California cities and highway departments report regular mulch fires, particularly near traffic areas, from discarded cigarettes (5). An inexpensive method of reducing organic mulch inflammability— the addition of fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4—has been suggested in the literature (4). In the 1930s, this chemical was reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, as the least expensive flame retardant of 136 chemicals tested (6). The purpose of this paper is to report the results of trials to test the fire retardant abilities of various ammonium sulfate applications to organic mulches used in the landscape. Methods
N, N-Bis (2-Oxo-3-Oxazolidinyl) Phosphordiamidic Chloride (CLSPO) : A New Strategy for the Ester Function Preparation (1984)

Abstract Many methods for conversion of carboxylic acids into the corresponding esters with various reagents have been described.1 We report now a one-step synthesis of esters 4 (see Table) from the tertiary ammonium salt of 1 and N,N-bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidiny1)phosphordiamidic chloride 2. This reagent has been succesfully used in thioestes formation1 and lactonization;2,3 furthemore, 2 is considered interesting for macrolide synthesis.
Traumatic Brain Injury (2013)

This is a controversial entity, but cases have been described in which a second minor TBI can be followed by a malignant course The second injury typically occurs during the recovery period from
Anodic Oxidation of Porous Silicon Layers Formed on Lightly p‐Doped Substrates (1991)

The electrochemical oxidation of porous silicon layers formed on lightly p‐doped substrates in aqueous electrolytes has been studied in detail. Two different oxidation regimes are observed, depending on the presence of a native oxide on the silicon pore walls. When anodic oxidation is performed on samples previously dried in air, a thin oxide layer is already present and the oxidation regime is determined by the transport of the oxidizing species across the oxide. In this regime, the anodic polarization accumulates the majority charge carriers in the whole depth of the pore walls, and oxidation proceeds homogeneously throughout the whole porous layer. If an experimental procedure which prevents native oxide formation is used, the oxidation process is governed by hole supply at the silicon‐electrolyte interface, and preferential oxidation of the bottom of the porous layer is obtained at low anodic current densities. The electrochemical oxidation stops before complete oxidation because the electrical contact between the bulk and the partially oxidized porous layer is cut by the formation of a continuous oxide at the bottom of the porous layer. The oxidized thickness obtained before this break increases with the current density, and the whole thickness can be oxidized if the oxidation current density is greater than the value which corresponds to hole accumulation in the whole depth. However, homogeneous oxidation of the layer never corresponds to complete oxidation, and at the end of the anodization process about 40% of silicon atoms in the porous layer are unoxidized, and form tiny silicon microcrystallites distributed throughout the oxidized porous film.
Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of Cacna2d1 expression in epithelial ovarian cancers: a retrospective study. (2016)

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, in which cancer stem cells (CSC) have been reported to be the driving force of relapse and therapy-resistance. It is therefore important to explore CSC markers in ovarian cancer. This project aimed to explore the correlation between the expression of potential CSC maker Cacna2d1 and clinicopathological parameters in 238 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) samples. Immunohistochemically, positive Cacna2d1 expression was observed in 83.6% (199/238) of the EOC tumors, among which 107 tumors (44.9%) were highly positive and 92 (38.7%) tumors were weakly positive for the Cacna2d1 protein expression. Among the 158 serous carcinomas, the Cacna2d1 positivity was 148 (93.7%), in which 88 (55.7%) were highly positive, and 60 (38.0%) were weakly positive for the Cacna2d1 protein expression. Most strikingly, the Cacna2d1 was specifically expressed in the infiltration front areas of the EOC tumors. Statistical analyses showed that positive expression of Cacna2d1 was significantly associated with advanced FIGO stage (<i>P</i><0.001), histological subtype (<i>P</i>=0.017) and tumor differentiation (<i>P</i>=0.015). Positive Cacna2d1 protein expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) and shorter progression free survival (PFS) in both total EOCs and serous carcinomas, although multivariate analyses did not reach statistical significance. In summary, our results suggest Cacna2d1 protein may play a crucial role in promoting aggressive EOC behavior and progression, and Cacna2d1 may serve as a novel predictive prognostic marker and a potential target for therapeutic intervention in EOCs.
남북한 경제협력이 북한의 경제성장에 미치는 효과 분석 (2017)

본 연구에서는 경제성장 모형을 이용하여 현재의 북한 경제 모형과 남북한 경제협력에 따른 북한 경제 모형을 설정하였다. 최근의 북한 자료를 바탕으로 2018년부터 남북한의 경제협력이 북한 경제성장에 미치는 영향을 모의실험 하였다. 경제협력 방안으로 남한의 재정 지원을 통해 북한의 사회간접자본 확충과 가계 소득 보전이 일어나는 것과 북한의 남한 자본재 수입을 고려하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 북한 경제의 자립성장을 위해서는 경제협력을 통해 북한의 기술진보가 일어나야 한다. 북한 경제에 기술 혁신이 동반되지 않는다면 자본재 수입으로 인한 투자 증대도 일시적인 효과에 그치게 된다. 둘째, 남한에서 북한으로의 투자 증대는 필수적이다. 북한의 투자의 증대는 노동의 한계생산물 증가와 실질임금 상승을 유발한다. 셋째, 북한의 자본 집약적인 산업에서의 생산의 증가와 노동생산성의 증가로 북한의 경제발전을 기대할 수 있다.
The Where, When, and How of Organelle Acidification by the Yeast Vacuolar H <sup>+</sup> -ATPase (2006)

All eukaryotic cells contain multiple acidic organelles, and V-ATPases are central players in organelle acidification. Not only is the structure of V-ATPases highly conserved among eukaryotes, but there are also many regulatory mechanisms that are similar between fungi and higher eukaryotes. These mechanisms allow cells both to regulate the pHs of different compartments and to respond to changing extracellular conditions. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae V-ATPase has emerged as an important model for V-ATPase structure and function in all eukaryotic cells. This review discusses current knowledge of the structure, function, and regulation of the V-ATPase in S. cerevisiae and also examines the relationship between biosynthesis and transport of V-ATPase and compartment-specific regulation of acidification.
Product Review: Protein biochips go high tech (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVDepartmentsNEXTProduct Review: Protein biochips go high techProtein Biochip systems automate protein identification, quantification, and studies of biomolecular interactions.Linda SageCite this: Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 7, 137 A–142 APublication Date (Web):April 1, 2004Publication History Published online1 April 2004Published inissue 1 April 2004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0415408Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1555Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (110 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lowering thermal gradients in Selective Laser melting by pre-heating the baseplate (2013)

status: Accepted
Imaging of pancreatic cancer: An overview. (2011)

Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. The median size of pancreatic adenocarcinoma at the time of diagnosis is about 31 mm and has not changed significantly in last three decades despite major advances in imaging technology that can help diagnose increasingly smaller tumors. This is largely because patients are asymptomatic till late in course of pancreatic cancer or have nonspecific symptoms. Increased awareness of pancreatic cancer amongst the clinicians and knowledge of the available imaging modalities and their optimal use in evaluation of patients suspected to have pancreatic cancer can potentially help in diagnosing more early stage tumors. Another major challenge in the management of patients with pancreatic cancer involves reliable determination of resectability. Only about 10% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas are resectable at the time of diagnosis and would potentially benefit from a R0 surgical resection. The final determination of resectability cannot be made until late during surgical resection. Failure to identify unresectable tumor pre-operatively can result in considerable morbidity and mortality due to an unnecessary surgery. In this review, we review the relative advantages and shortcomings of imaging modalities available for evaluation of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer and for preoperative determination of resectability.
Insulin-induced formation of macromolecular complexes involved in activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) and its interaction with PKB (2007)

Fractionation of 3T3-L1 adipocyte membranes revealed that PDE3B (phosphodiesterase 3B) was associated with PM (plasma membrane) and ER (endoplasmic reticulum)/Golgi fractions, that insulin-induced phosphorylation/activation of PDE3B was greater in internal membranes than PM fractions, and that there was no significant translocation of PDE3B between membrane fractions. Insulin also induced formation of large macromolecular complexes, separated during gel filtration (Superose 6 columns) of solubilized membranes, which apparently contain phosphorylated/activated PDE3B and signalling molecules potentially involved in its activation by insulin, e.g. IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1), IRS-2, PI3K p85 [p85-subunit of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)], PKB (protein kinase B), HSP-90 (heat-shock protein 90) and 14-3-3. Expression of full-length recombinant FLAG-tagged murine (M) PDE3B and M3BDelta604 (MPDE3B lacking N-terminal 604 amino acids) indicated that the N-terminal region of MPDE3B was necessary for insulin-induced activation and recruitment of PDE3B. siRNA (small interfering RNA) knock-down of PDE3B indicated that PDE3B was not required for formation of insulin-induced complexes. Wortmannin inhibited insulin-induced assembly of macromolecular complexes, as well as phosphorylation/activation of PKB and PDE3B, and their co-immunoprecipitation. Another PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Genistein, also inhibited insulin-induced activation of PDE3B and its co-immunoprecipitation with PKB. Confocal microscopy indicated co-localization of PDE3B and PKB. Recombinant MPDE3B co-immunoprecipitated, and co-eluted during Superose 12 chromatography, to a greater extent with recombinant pPKB (phosphorylated/activated PKB) than dephospho-PKB or p-DeltaPKB [pPKB lacking its PH domain (pleckstrin homology domain)]. Truncated recombinant MPDE3B proteins and pPKB did not efficiently co-immunoprecipitate, suggesting that structural determinants for their interaction reside in, or are regulated by, the N-terminal portion of MPDE3B. Recruitment of PDE3B in macromolecular complexes may be critical for regulation of specific cAMP pools and signalling pathways by insulin, e.g. lipolysis.
Italian Registry of Haemophilia and Allied Disorders. Objectives, methodology and data analysis (2008)

National haemophilia registries are powerful instruments to support health care and research. A national registry was established in Italy by the Ministry of Health until 1999. Since 2003 the Italian Association of Haemophilia Centres (AICE) started a new programme aiming at building up the Italian Registry of Haemophilia and Allied Disorders. The AICE identified an expert panel to steer the registry. A computer software to assist patient management was developed and all the AICE-affiliated haemophilia treatment centres (HTC) were prompted to adopt it. Twice a year a predefined set of anonymized data is centralized and merged into a national database. Duplicated entries are managed through a confidentiality sparing mechanism. The database covers sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment data. A subset of data are shared with the Ministry of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità,ISS).Overall, data were collected six times by 43 of 49 HTC; 41 centres updated their patients' records up to December 2006. The database contains 6632 unique records, 442 of them referring to dead patients. Database growth and missing data clearance showed a constantly positive trend over time. The database has collected records of the following alive patients - haemophilia A: 1364 severe, 398 moderate and 935 mild; haemophilia B: 231 severe, 138 moderate and 204 mild; von Willebrand's disease: 1208 type 1, 346 type 2 and 96 type 3. Inhibitor patients were 296 (of which 194 high responders and 65 low responders).The Italian registry run by AICE adds to the list of the available national haemophilia registries and is intended to establish treatment guidelines and foster research projects in Italy.
Enhanced field emission properties of vertically aligned double-walled carbon nanotube arrays (2008)

Vertically aligned double-walled carbon nanotube (VA-DWCNT) arrays were synthesized by point-arc microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition on Cr/n-Si and SiO(2)/n-Si substrates. The outer tube diameters of VA-DWCNTs are in the range of 2.5-3.8 nm, and the average interlayer spacing is approximately 0.42 nm. The field emission properties of these VA-DWCNTs were studied. It was found that a VA-DWCNT array grown on a Cr/n-Si substrate had better field emission properties as compared with a VA-DWCNT array grown on a SiO(2)/n-Si substrate and randomly oriented DWCNTs, showing a turn-on field of about 0.85 V µm(-1) at the emission current density of 0.1 µA cm(-2) and a threshold field of 1.67 V µm(-1) at the emission current density of 1.0 mA cm(-2). The better field emission performance of the VA-DWCNT array was mainly attributed to the vertical alignment of DWCNTs on the Cr/n-Si substrate and the low contact resistance between CNTs and the Cr/n-Si substrate.
Quantum-well infrared photodetector structure synthesis: methodology and experimental verification (2003)

A numerical method for global optimization of quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP) performance parameters is presented and experimentally verified. The single-band effective-mass Schroedinger equation is solved by employing the argument principle method (APM) to extract both the bound and quasibound eigen-energies of the quantum heterostructure. APM is combined with a simulated annealing algorithm to determine a set of device design parameters such as potential barrier height V/sub i/, layer thickness d/sub i/, number of material layers N, total device length, applied bias V/sub Bias/ etc., for which the QWIP performance is within a predetermined convergence criterion. The method presented incorporates the effect of energy-dependent effective mass of electrons in nonparabolic conduction bands. The present model can handle many optimization parameters and can incorporate fabrication constraints to achieve physically realizable devices. In addition, the method is not limited to the optimization of absorption structures, and can be used for other intersubband devices such as electron-wave Fabry-Perot filters and quantum-cascade lasers. The strength and versatility of the present method are demonstrated by the design of a bicolor equal-absorption-peak QWIP structure, and experimental verification of the zero-bias absorption spectrum is presented.
Immunologic Properties of Glucose Oxidase (1970)

Abstract Glucose oxidase, an anzyme obtained from Aspergillus niger, is a potent antigen. Guinea pigs and rabbits immunized with this antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant produced high serum concentrations of precipitating antibody. In addition, heat-inactivated enzyme and apoenzyme can be used to detect cellular immunity in the guinea pigs. Glucose oxidase retains its enzymatic activity when bound to antibody, thus allowing direct visualization of the latter upon incubation with a suitable mixture of substrate and chromogenic reagent. Plasma cells producing antibody to the enzyme were visualized in smears and in tissue sections by sequentially reacting fixed preparations with glucose oxidase and chromogenic reagent. Anti-DNP antibody-producing cells elicited by immunization of guinea pigs with dinitrophenylated-ovalbumin were also visualized in a similar manner by employing dinitrophenylated glucose oxidase as a test antigen.
Luminescent quantum-dot-sized conjugated polymernanoparticles—nanoparticle formation in a miniemulsion system (2010)

The synthesis of semiconducting polymer nanospheres (SPNs) by miniemulsion methods has been reported previously,1,2 however the resulting materials have typically been significantly larger than quantum dots, the nanomaterial of choice for cell imaging. In the current work, we aimed to obtain quantum-dot-sized poly(ethylene-glycol) (PEG) functionalised SPNs by optimising the miniemulsion method reported previously.1,3 We report that PEG functionalised SPNs with a narrow distribution of quantum dot sizes were successfully synthesised, with mean diameters ranging between 2 and 5 nm. PEG-dithiol was also used in one variant of the syntheses, allowing the purified sample to be examined by mass spectrometry (using sulfur as a reporter), confirming the inclusion of a significant number of PEG molecules in the nanoparticles. Also, the presence of PEG was found to significantly affect the yield of the reaction, suggesting it played a role in nanoparticle formation. The nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, absorption and emission spectroscopy, and were found to be stable in solution for months.