gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superinduction of c-fos gene expression by estrogen in cultured guinea- pig endometrial cells requires priming by a cycloheximide-dependent mechanism (1992)

The c-fos gene expression is rapidly induced by various mitogenic agents and protein synthesis inhibitors in many cell types. Estradiol-17 beta can induce c-fos gene expression in breast cancer cell lines and in the uterus in vivo, but not in cultured guinea-pig endometrial cells. Using this model, we investigated whether a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, could induce the c-fos gene and permit a superinduction by estrogens. In the presence of cycloheximide (10 micrograms/ml), protein synthesis was inhibited at 95% within the first hour. From 190 min after the addition of estradiol-17 beta or diethylstilbestrol (10(-8) M) and cycloheximide (10 micrograms/ml), there was a significant increase (ranging from 3- to 5-fold) of the c-fos messenger RNA level (2.2 kilobase in size), compared with the level in cells treated with cycloheximide alone. Nonestrogenic steroid hormones and estradiol-17 alpha were unable to induce c-fos gene expression in the presence of cycloheximide. The effect of estradiol-17 beta observed in the presence of cycloheximide was completely abolished by 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen or by Ly 156758 or by ICI 164384 (10(-6) M). The c-fos mRNAs were rather stable in cells treated with cycloheximide for 2 h (half-life = 51 +/- 6 min) and there was no further increase in the c-fos messenger RNA stability after the addition of cycloheximide plus estradiol-17 beta (half-life = 40 +/- 3 min). The overall results suggest a response at the transcriptional level. In conclusion, cycloheximide transmits activating signals to the c-fos gene which act as priming elements to allow the estrogen action in cultured guinea-pig endometrial cells.
NIOBIUM TO STAINLESS STEEL BRAZE TRANSITION DEVELOPMENT (2003)

We present results of an R&D program to develop and test a reliable cryogenic leak-tight, copper-brazed transition between niobium and stainless steel for use in superconducting niobium cavities. We have chosen to make the integral helium container that houses a niobium cavity of stainless steel rather than titanium both for ease of fabrication and also for low cost. Other techniques for joining niobium to stainless steel such as electron beam welding (EBW) and explosive bonding have not in our experience provided the quality and reliability needed for the intended service. The braze technique described is a further development and simplification of a technique developed several years ago at CERN. Our technique has improved on the CERN method in requiring less machining and a simpler set-up, while producing a very robust, void-free, and leak tight joint. The braze joint withstands mechanical load, repeated thermal cycles, and can tolerate subsequent EBW of niobium within a few cm of the braze joint.
A New Simple Sensorless Control Method for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives (2006)

In this paper, a new 'impedance sensing' method is described. This method overcomes the shortcomings of the impedance sensing method. According to the new method, sensing voltage pulse is applied to the idle phase in the minimum inductance region and the beginning of the increasing inductance region to detect rotor position. The negative torque produced by the sensing voltage pulse can be neglected in the minimum inductance region and the efficiency of SRM is improved. In the minimum inductance region the back electromotive force (EMF) can be neglected. And in the increasing inductance region the EMF opposes the rise of current in the phase, so the position estimation scheme is reliable. Therefore the new 'impedance sensing' method is sufficiently precise even under the high back EMF effect. The adjustment of turn-on angle and turn-off angle is also easy to be realized. The technique is very useful in applications where cost or size is primary concerns, such as electric bicycle drives. Experimental results are presented to verify the proposed method.
Lessons learned in Web site architectures for public utilities (2004)

Web sites are complex systems. They evolve all the time and are hard to understand and be maintained. This paper discusses some issues and challenges related to Web site development and maintenance. An evolutionary three-tier Web site architecture is presented based on our experiences in building and maintaining Web-based public utility management systems. In the current public utility domain, the coexistence of regulated and deregulated markets and diverse business rules bring many challenges to software engineers to build extensible and maintainable Web-based systems. New technologies provide opportunities to meet these requirements. However, how to adopt new technologies appropriately becomes another issue. Some design and implementation tradeoffs, as well as some lessons learned are considered in this paper.
F-actin is intermolecularly crosslinked by N,N'-p-phenylenedimaleimide through lysine-191 and cysteine-374. (1984)

The bifunctional reagent N,N'-p-phenylenedimaleimide (PDM) is being used in an attempt to measure distances between specific side chains in adjacent monomers within F-actin. [14C]PDM was synthesized and was used to crosslink F-actin. Uncrosslinked actin was removed by gel filtration, and, from an arginine-specific tryptic digest of the covalently crosslinked dimers and higher oligomers, one radioactive crosslinked peptide was obtained in high yield. Amino acid composition and sequence analysis indicated that it comprises residues 184-196 of one monomer and 373-375 of an adjacent actin molecule, bridged by PDM through Cys-374 and Lys-191. Thus, these groups are shown to be 1.2-1.4 nm apart in adjacent actin monomers in F-actin. This information may be crucial in establishing the orientation of actin monomers within F-actin.
Expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase is regulated by cell division, providing a mechanistic basis for division-linked class switch recombination (2005)

Class switch recombination (CSR) is the process by which B cells alter the effector function properties of their Ig molecules. The decision to switch to a particular Ig isotype is determined primarily by the mode of B cell activation and cytokine exposure. More recent work indicates that the likelihood or probability of switching increases with successive cell divisions and is largely independent of time. We have analyzed different molecular features of CSR using cell division as a reference point in an attempt to gain insight into the mechanism of division-linked switching. Our results indicated that the accessibility of Ig heavy chain constant regions targeted for CSR was established after the cells had undergone a single cell division and did not vary significantly with subsequent cell divisions. In contrast, expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mRNA was found to increase with successive divisions, exhibiting a striking correlation with the frequency of CSR. Levels of AID in a given division remained constant at different time points, strongly suggesting that the regulation of AID expression was division-linked and independent of time. In addition, constitutive AID expression from a transgene accelerated division-linked CSR. Thus, we propose that the division-linked increase in AID expression provides an underlying molecular explanation for division-linked CSR.
Chitosan-lipid films: microstructure and surface energy (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChitosan-lipid films: microstructure and surface energyDominic W. S. Wong, Francois A. Gastineau, Kay S. Gregorski, Sandra J. Tillin, and Attila E. PavlathCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 4, 540–544Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00016a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00016a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1087Altmetric-Citations147LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The TCP/IP Guide : A Comprehensive, Illustrated Internet Protocols Reference (2005)

Filled with over 350 illustrations and hundreds of tables help to explain the finer points of this complex topic, this up-to-date guide details the core protocols that make TCP/IP internetworks function and the most important classic TCP/IP applications.
Efficiency and lifetime enhancement of phosphorescent organic devices (2008)

A way to reach highly efficient and stable red bottom emission organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is the use of doped transport layers, charge and exciton blockers, and phosphorescent emitter materials to combine low operating voltage and high quantum yield. We will show how efficiency and lifetime of such devices can be further increased. In our contribution, we report on highly efficient red p-i-n type organic light emitting diodes using an iridium-based electrophosphorescent dye, Ir(MDQ)<sub>2</sub>(acac), doped in α-NPD as host material. By proper adjustment of the hole blocking layer, the device performance may be enhanced to 20 % external quantum efficiency at an operation voltage of 2.4 V and a brightness of 100 cd/m<sup>2</sup>. At the same time, a power efficiency of 37.5 lm/W is reached. The quantum efficiency is well above previously reported values for this emitter. We attribute this high efficiency to a combination of a well-adjusted charge carrier balance in the emission layer and a low current density needed to reach a certain luminance due to the use of doped transport layers. High chemical stability of the blocker material assures a long device lifetime of 32.000 hours at 1.000 cd/m<sup>2</sup> initial luminance.
Selective expression of CD45 isoforms defines CALLA+ monoclonal B- lineage cells in peripheral blood from myeloma patients as late stage B cells (1991)

The peripheral blood lymphocytes from 42 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and 13 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) were studied by three-color immunofluorescence (IF) using antibodies directed to a broad range of B-cell markers (CD19, CD20, CD21, CD24), CALLA (CD10), PCA-1 (a plasma cell marker), and to the high and low molecular weight isoforms of the leukocyte common antigen, CD45RA (p205/220) and CD45RO (p 180). CD45RA is expressed on pre-B and B cells, and a transition from CD45RA to CD45RO defines differentiation towards plasma cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with myeloma included a large subset of B- lineage cells (mean of 39% to 45%) that were CALLA+ and PCA-1+ in all patients studied, including newly diagnosed patients and patients undergoing chemotherapy. Southern blot analysis indicated the presence of monoclonal Ig rearrangements in PBMC and a substantial reduction in the germ-line bands consistent with the presence of a large monoclonal B-cell subset. Avoidance of purification methods involving depletion of adherent cells was essential for detection of the abnormal B cells. Phenotypically, this abnormal B-cell population corresponded to late B or early pre-plasma cells (20% to 80% of PBMC), as defined by the concomitant expression of low densities of CD19 and CD20, moderate densities of CALLA and PCA-1, and strong expression of CD45RO on all B cells, with weakly coexpressed CD45RA on a small proportion. Heterogeneity in the expression of CD45RA and CD45RO within the abnormal B-cell population from any given patient suggested multiple differentiation stages. Abnormal B cells similar to those in MM were also detected in MGUS, although as a lower proportion of PBMC (26%). Abnormal B cells from patients with MGUS expressed predominantly the CD45RO isoform, but had a lower proportion of CALLA+ and PCA-1+ cells than were found on B cells from MM. This work indicates that the large subset of circulating monoclonal B lymphocytes from myeloma patients are at a late stage in B-cell differentiation, continuously progressing towards the plasma cell stage.
Biomechanical considerations of multiple-component hip prostheses. Analysis of three failures of the Lippman transfixation hip prosthesis. (1975)

Three cases are presented and analyzed in which a Lippman Transfixion Hip Prosthesis had to be replaced because of the discomfort of the patient. In each case, there was evidence of wear between the head of the prosthesis and the flange. The different wear patterns indicated problems which exist in the alignment of component parts of the prosthesis. In each case there was low grade sepsis to which the debris may have contributed. Because of phagocytosis, amount of debris accumulation was difficult to evaluate. The factors which appear to have contributed to the amount of debris accumulation were: the length of time the prosthesis had been used; the degree of alignment and amount of debris which may be formed and is phagocytized; the degree of manufacturing control. The design of this prosthesis incorporated mechanical problems which are generally undesirable because of: the eventual deformation of the end of the pivot rod or hole in the head of the prosthesis: progressive loosening of the movement due to this and inherent malalignment; the difficulty in fabrication, assembly and installation of the prosthesis because of the multiplicity of parts; the difficulty in maintaining adequate control of surface finishes.
Proteins that bind methylated DNA and human cancer: reading the wrong words (2008)

DNA methylation and the machinery involved in epigenetic regulation are key elements in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in embryonic development and the establishment of tissue-specific expression, X-chromosome inactivation and imprinting patterns, and maintenance of chromosome stability. The balance between all the enzymes and factors involved in DNA methylation and its interpretation by different groups of nuclear factors is crucial for normal cell behaviour. In cancer and other diseases, misregulation of epigenetic marks is a common feature, also including DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications. In this scenario, it is worth mentioning a family of proteins characterized by the presence of a methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBDs) that are involved in interpreting the information encoded by DNA methylation and the recruitment of the enzymes responsible for establishing a silenced state of the chromatin. The generation of novel aberrantly hypermethylated regions during cancer development and progression makes MBD proteins interesting targets for their biological and clinical implications.
Yap, a Novel Family of Eight bZIP Proteins in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> with Distinct Biological Functions (1997)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains eight members of a novel and fungus-specific family of bZIP proteins that is defined by four atypical residues on the DNA-binding surface. Two of these proteins, Yap1 and Yap2, are transcriptional activators involved in pleiotropic drug resistance. Although initially described as AP-1 factors, at least four Yap proteins bind most efficiently to TTACTAA, a sequence that differs at position ±2 from the optimal AP-1 site (TGACTCA); further, a Yap-like derivative of the AP-1 factor Gcn4 (A239Q S242F) binds efficiently to the Yap recognition sequence. Molecular modeling suggests that the Yap-specific residues make novel contacts and cause physical constraints at the ±2 position that may account for the distinct DNA-binding specificities of Yap and AP-1 proteins. To various extents, Yap1, Yap2, Yap3, and Yap5 activate transcription from a promoter containing a Yap recognition site. Yap-dependent transcription is abolished in strains containing high levels of protein kinase A; in contrast, Gcn4 transcriptional activity is stimulated by protein kinase A. Interestingly, Yap1 transcriptional activity is stimulated by hydrogen peroxide, whereas Yap2 activity is stimulated by aminotriazole and cadmium. In addition, unlike other yap mutations tested, yap4 (cin5) mutations affect chromosome stability, and they suppress the cold-sensitive phenotype of yap1 mutant strains. Thus, members of the Yap family carry out overlapping but distinct biological functions.
Fault Detection Using the k-Nearest Neighbor Rule for Semiconductor Manufacturing Processes (2007)

It has been recognized that effective fault detection techniques can help semiconductor manufacturers reduce scrap, increase equipment uptime, and reduce the usage of test wafers. Traditional univariate statistical process control charts have long been used for fault detection. Recently, multivariate statistical fault detection methods such as principal component analysis (PCA)-based methods have drawn increasing interest in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. However, the unique characteristics of the semiconductor processes, such as nonlinearity in most batch processes, multimodal batch trajectories due to product mix, and process steps with variable durations, have posed some difficulties to the PCA-based methods. To explicitly account for these unique characteristics, a fault detection method using the k-nearest neighbor rule (FD-kNN) is developed in this paper. Because in fault detection faults are usually not identified and characterized beforehand, in this paper the traditional kNN algorithm is adapted such that only normal operation data is needed. Because the developed method makes use of the kNN rule, which is a nonlinear classifier, it naturally handles possible nonlinearity in the data. Also, because the FD-kNN method makes decisions based on small local neighborhoods of similar batches, it is well suited for multimodal cases. Another feature of the proposed FD-kNN method, which is essential for online fault detection, is that the data preprocessing is performed automatically without human intervention. These capabilities of the developed FD-kNN method are demonstrated by simulated illustrative examples as well as an industrial example.
Cooperative partial spectrum sensing with frequency diversity for cognitive radio (2009)

In the cognitive radio system, one cognitive user (secondary user) has a limited capability of detecting the licensed primary user because of the hidden terminal problem; therefore, cooperation of the cognitive users is required to improve the spectrum sensing performance. Nevertheless, the cognitive users do not transmit data or voice all the time, and the idle cognitive users may consume massive spectrum sensing power instead of communication power. Therefore, we propose a partial FFT spectrum sensing method to reduce the cooperative spectrum sensing power. Moreover, we present two techniques, called detection result prediction (DRP) and decision result modification (DRM), to increase the detection accuracy based on the frequency-domain correlation and detection diversity. Simulation results show that the proposed technique can not only save about 50% computational complexity but also improve the detection performance.
Recent Progress in Development of Multiband Feed Horns (Review) (2007)

This paper proposes overview of the multiband feed system for reflector-type antennas. Coaxial, multimode Potter's type structures, multiband corrugated and dielectric loaded feed horns is discussed below.
Adaptive compressed sensing &#x2014; A new class of self-organizing coding models for neuroscience (2010)

Sparse coding networks, which utilize unsupervised learning to maximize coding efficiency, have successfully reproduced response properties found in primary visual cortex [1]. However, conventional sparse coding models require that the coding circuit can fully sample the sensory data in a one-to-one fashion, a requirement not supported by experimental data from the thalamo-cortical projection. To relieve these strict wiring requirements, we propose a sparse coding network constructed by introducing synaptic learning in the framework of compressed sensing. We demonstrate a new model that evolves biologically realistic, spatially smooth receptive fields despite the fact that the feedforward connectivity subsamples the input and thus the learning must rely on an impoverished and distorted account of the original visual data. Further, we demonstrate that the model could form a general scheme of cortical communication: it can form meaningful representations in a secondary sensory area, which receives input from the primary sensory area through a “compressing” cortico-cortical projection. Finally, we prove that our model belongs to a new class of sparse coding algorithms in which recurrent connections are essential in forming the spatial receptive fields.
Morphology and function of mesenteric resistance arteries in transgenic rats with low-renin hypertension (1992)

Although the structural changes found in transgenic rats may account for the increased pressure response, hypertension in this animal is apparently not caused by general vascular growth.
Reinforcement learning-based dynamic adaptation planning method for architecture-based self-managed software (2009)

Recently, software systems face dynamically changing environments, and the users of the systems provide changing requirements at run-time. Self-management is emerging to deal with these problems. One of the key issues to achieve self-management is planning for selecting appropriate structure or behavior of self-managed software systems. There are two types of planning in self-management: off-line and on-line planning. Recent discussion has focused on off-line planning which provides static relationships between environmental changes and software configurations. In on-line planning, a software system can autonomously derive mappings between environmental changes and software configurations by learning its dynamic environment and using its prior experience. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning-based approach to on-line planning in architecture-based self-management. This approach enables a software system to improve its behavior by learning the results of its behavior and by dynamically changing its plans based on the learning in the presence of environmental changes. The paper presents a case study to illustrate the approach and its result shows that reinforcement learning-based on-line planning is effective for architecture-based self-management.