gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
METHYLATION PATTERNS OF I ε REGION IN B CELLS STIMULATED WITH INTERLEUKIN 4 AND EPSTEIN‐BARR VIRUS IN PATIENTS WITH A HIGH LEVEL OF SERUM IgE (1995)

Human IgE synthesis requires the presence of both interleukin 4 (IL-4) and T-cells. However, it is not clear what role IL-4 and T-cells play in the induction of IgE synthesis at the level of gene regulation. B cells that were obtained from patients with a high level of serum IgE and from healthy donors were immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus. We examined IgE production of these B cells stimulated with IL-4. Supernatant IgE levels of patient's B cells cultured with or without IL-4 were higher than those of healthy donor's B cells. Our results indicated that B cells stimulated with IL-4 from patients produced IgE, germline C epsilon transcript, and S mu S epsilon recombination. The germline C epsilon transcript was dose-dependently induced in the presence of IL-4 and related to the supernatant IgE level. In B cell stimulated with IL-4 that were obtained from patients, (some of the) DNA near or within the I epsilon region was (already partly) unmethylated, unlike those from healthy donors, and there was a loss of methyl groups of the DNA upon the addition of IL-4 in B cells from both patients and normal donors. IgE synthesis of B cells stimulated with IL-4 in patients with a high level of serum IgE is due to an accessibility in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain isotype switch, and this may reflect the accessibility in synthesis of germline C epsilon transcript, which may be caused by the increase of opening chromatin structures because of their unmethylation in the I epsilon region.
Analysis of silicide process defects by non-contact electron-beam charging (1992)

Electron beam charging without any conventional electrical measurements has been used to understand gate electrode leakage currents in a silicide process. Using this technique, it was determined that the leakage is caused by single defects which are small compared to the typical circuit dimensions, which occur on the gate perimeter, and are randomly distributed. Combined with one additional process step, it was determined that the leakage is not due to silicide bridging, but rather to a gate oxide overetch. The measurement has been instituted as an inline process monitor to screen for silicide leakage defects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of colloidal bismuth (De-Nol) in the treatment of duodenal ulcer employing endoscopic selection and follow up (1974)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of colloidal bismuth (De-Nol) was performed on 20 patients with active duodenal ulceration employing endoscopic selection and follow up after a treatment period of 28 days. By these means it was shown that healing of ulcers was significant in those patients treated with the active compound. In addition a greater number (9/10) of patients treated with colloidal bismuth showed symptomatic improvement than those receiving placebo (6/10) but this difference did not reach statistical significance. The results of endoscopic and symptomatic assessment of the patients receiving colloidal bismuth were in complete agreement although there was a poor correlation between these results in those receiving the placebo. This supports the results from a previous study that endoscopic assessment of duodenal ulcer healing provides a more objective assessment than do clinical methods.
Testing of Iron Oxide Sorbent for High-Temperature Coal Gas Desulfurization (2005)

To increase the resistance to powering and durability of high temperature coal gas desulfurization sorbent over multiple absorption and regeneration cycles, a mixed clay was screened to add to sorbent prepared from red mud. This article reports the test results of laboratory-scale and bench-scale in fixed reactor with simulated Texaco coal gas. Fresh, sulfided and regenerated sorbents were characterized using many techniques. Almost no loss of sorbent was found in cycle in the reactor due to attrition. Experimental results revealed that the sorbent exhibited good performance in the respect of both sulfur capacity and durability.
High performance “continuum-to-continuum” quantum cascade lasers with a broad gain bandwidth of over 400 cm−1 (2010)

A quantum cascade laser structure is demonstrated that provides a broadband gain spectrum of 430 cm−1 with a peak emission wavelength around 4.8 μm. The laser active region is based on multiple transitions from strongly coupled upper states to lower laser states. In spite of the broad gain spectrum, high laser performance was demonstrated with low threshold current density (as low as 1.6 kA/cm2), large slope efficiency (over 5 W/A) and high wall plug efficiency (up to 23%) in pulsed mode operation at 295 K.
Visualisation of the distributions of melanin and indocyanine green in biological tissues (2008)

A double-wavelength laser scanning microphotometer with the high spectral and spatial resolutions is developed for studying the distribution of endogenic and exogenic dyes in biological tissues. Samples of hair and skin biopsy with hair follicles stained with indocyanine green are studied. The spatial distribution of indocyanine green and melanin in the biological tissue is determined from the measured optical transmittance.
Prevention of Acute Tubular Necrosis in Cadaveric Kidney Transplantation by the Combined Use of Mannitol and Moderate Hydration (1985)

Recent studies have indicated that maximal hydration of the transplant recipient can substantially reduce the incidence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN). However, this policy requires invasive hemodynamic monitoring, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and bears the risk of overhydration. In a prospective trial we studied the incidence of ATN in recipients of cadaveric kidneys after restricted fluid infusion (Group 1, N = 21), after restricted fluid infusion along with 250 ml of mannitol 20% (Group 2, N = 19), and after a moderate hydration policy together with 250 ml mannitol 20% (Group 3; N = 21). Donor- and preoperative recipient parameters were comparable in all three groups. The total amount of fluid administered and the incidence of ATN were as follows: Group 1-1059 +/- 371 ml and 43%; Group 2-1548 +/- 622 ml and 53%; and Group 3-2529 +/- 675 ml and 4.8%. The moderate hydration policy in Group 3 resulted in a significantly higher peroperative systolic blood pressure compared to Groups 1 and 2. We did not observe any problems related to overhydration. The reduction of ATN incidence led to a substantial decrease in the number of hemodialysis treatments, radionuclide scans, ultrasound investigations, transplant biopsies, and rejection episodes in the first 3 months after transplantation. It is concluded that moderate fluid administration of 2.5 liters during the transplant procedure together with infusion of 250 ml of mannitol 20% immediately before vessel clamp release reduces the incidence of postoperative ATN below five per cent. The procedure is safe, simple, and does not require invasive hemodynamic monitoring.
Securing promiscuous use of untrusted USB thumb drives in Industrial Control Systems (2016)

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are sensible targets for high profile attackers and advanced persistent threats, which are known to exploit USB thumb drives as an effective spreading vector. In ICSes, these devices are widely used to transfer files among disconnected systems and represent a serious security risks, since, they may be promiscuously used in both critical and regular systems. We show a method that adopts cryptographic techniques to inhibit critical machines from reading possibly malicious files coming from regular machines on untrusted USB thumb drives. Our approach exposes limited attack surface for any malware, even those based on zero-days. We do not require users to change the way they use removable storage devices, or to authenticate. Our approach can be adopted for disconnected machines and does not need complex key management. We describe the architecture of our solution and provide a thorough analysis of the security of our approach in the ICS context.
A physical optics model for scattering of HF radiation by irregular terrain (1994)

Physical optics models were developed for scattering of HF radiation by irregular terrain when an antenna is located on or near the scattering surface. The primary interest was in skywave radiation patterns for communication links using the ionosphere. Second-order reflections were included in the solution through an image approximation, and the UTD result for an impedance half-plane was used to reduce reflections due to truncating the current distribution on the surface. Arbitrary 2-D or 3-D terrain profiles can be entered into the codes, and the source can be an antenna with currents generated by the NEC method-of-moments code or a point source. Results were validated by comparing with 2-D integral equation solutions for actual terrain contours.
Separating Different Scales of Motion in Time Series of Meteorological Variables (1997)

The removal of synoptic and seasonal signals from time series of meteorological variables leaves datasets amenable to the study of trends, climate change, and the reasons for such trends and changes. In this paper, four techniques for separating different scales of motion are examined and their effectiveness compared. These techniques are PEST, anomalies, wavelet transform, and the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko (KZ) filter. It is shown that PEST and anomalies do not cleanly separate the synoptic and seasonal signals from the data as well as the other two methods. The KZ filter method is shown to have the same level of accuracy as the wavelet transform method. However, the KZ filter method can be applied to datasets with missing observations and is much easier to use than the wavelet transform method.
Novel Hole-Transporting Materials with High Triplet Energy for Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2016)

Demonstration of highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is becoming commonplace; however, there have been few reports on hole-transporting materials (HTMs) designed for highly efficient and stable green OLEDs. Here, operationally stable HTMs with high triplet energy were synthesized by incorporating dibenzothiophene and dibenzofuran into hole-transporting amino groups. The triplet energy of the amine derivative with dibenzothiophene was increased from 2.35 to 2.56 eV by introducing o,o′-quaterphenyl without impairing the stability. Since the largest triplet energy of the synthesized HTMs is 2.59 eV, the triplet excitons of green phosphorescent emitters and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are confined effectively. The operational stability of the phosphorescent OLED (PHOLED) using the synthesized HTM was about 15 times longer than that of the PHOLED using 2,2′-bis(3-ditolylaminophenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl. The optimized green PHOLED exhibits EQE of over 20% for a luminance of 10 to 10,000 cd m–2 and an expected half lifetime of over 10,000 h with an initial luminance of 1000 cd m–2. The synthesized HTM is effective for improving the efficiency of OLEDs incorporating a green TADF emitter, as well as green phosphorescent OLEDs.
105 W ultra-narrowband nanosecond pulsed laser at 2 μm based on monolithic Tm-doped fiber MOPA (2015)

We present a high power ultra-narrowband pulsed fiber amplifier at 2 μm. A single frequency fiber laser was modulated by a phase modulator and an intensity modulator to serve as the ultra-narrowband pulsed seed laser with a bandwidth of 307 MHz. The pulsed seed laser was amplified by a monolithic Tm-doped fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA). The average output power reaches 105 W with a slope efficiency of 0.41. The output pulse train has a repetition rate of 1 MHz and a pulse width of 66 ns. The output power is limited by the onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering. Higher output power can be achieved by further broadening the linewidth or narrowing the pulse width to several nanoseconds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration on a monolithic ultra-narrowband nanosecond pulsed MOPA at 2 μm with an average power exceeding 100 W.
A comparison of statistical methods for detecting differentially expressed genes from RNA‐seq data (2012)

RNA-Seq technologies are quickly revolutionizing genomic studies, and statistical methods for RNA-seq data are under continuous development. Timely review and comparison of the most recently proposed statistical methods will provide a useful guide for choosing among them for data analysis. Particular interest surrounds the ability to detect differential expression (DE) in genes. Here we compare four recently proposed statistical methods, edgeR, DESeq, baySeq, and a method with a two-stage Poisson model (TSPM), through a variety of simulations that were based on different distribution models or real data. We compared the ability of these methods to detect DE genes in terms of the significance ranking of genes and false discovery rate control. All methods compared are implemented in freely available software. We also discuss the availability and functions of the currently available versions of these software.
Phenobarbital-Responsive Nuclear Translocation of the Receptor CAR in Induction of the<i>CYP2B</i>Gene (1999)

The constitutively active receptor (CAR) transactivates a distal enhancer called the phenobarbital (PB)-responsive enhancer module (PBREM) found in PB-inducible CYP2B genes. CAR dramatically increases its binding to PBREM in livers of PB-treated mice. We have investigated the cellular mechanism of PB-induced increase of CAR binding. Western blot analyses of mouse livers revealed an extensive nuclear accumulation of CAR following PB treatment. Nuclear contents of CAR perfectly correlate with an increase of CAR binding to PBREM. PB-elicited nuclear accumulation of CAR appears to be a general step regulating the induction of CYP2B genes, since treatments with other PB-type inducers result in the same nuclear accumulation of CAR. Both immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry studies show cytoplasmic localization of CAR in the livers of nontreated mice, indicating that CAR translocates into nuclei following PB treatment. Nuclear translocation of CAR also occurs in mouse primary hepatocytes but not in hepatocytes treated with the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. Thus, the CAR-mediated transactivation of PBREM in vivo becomes PB responsive through an okadaic acid-sensitive nuclear translocation process.
Initial Interaction of Human Fibroblast and Leukocyte Interferons with FS-4 Fibroblasts (1979)

SUMMARY Human FS-4 cells were exposed to human fibroblast interferon for various times and further incubated in the absence of interferon until challenged with vesicular stomatitis virus. Addition of antibody to fibroblast interferon at the time of removal of interferon did not alter the development of the antiviral state. If cells were exposed to interferon for 45 min at either 0 or 37 °C, they developed resistance upon subsequent incubation at 37 °C. However, less resistance developed if the cells were initially incubated at 0 °C. Our results indicate that a single interaction of fibroblast interferon with susceptible cells, either at 0 or 37 °C, is sufficient for the subsequent development of an antiviral state, at least in the short term experiment. The kinetics of development of the antiviral state were compared with fibroblast and leukocyte interferon. The rise in the degree of antiviral resistance was steeper and maximal levels of resistance were reached sooner when FS-4 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of fibroblast interferon than with leukocyte interferon. This suggests a greater affinity of fibroblast interferon for these cells.
Review on cytochrome C (2019)

Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is an essential mitochondrial protein which takes part in the electron transport system and apoptosis. Cyt c also scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidizes cardiolipin during apoptosis. The recent finding that cyt c is phosphorylated in vivo for the important role of cyt c in the regulation of making life and death decisions. An apoptotic sequence of events takes place which involves changes in cyt c phosphorylation, increased ROS through increased mitochondrial membrane potentials, the oxidation of cardiolipin by cyt c, and its release from the mitochondria. Cyt c regulation in respiration and cellular death is discussed about human disease which includes neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and sepsis.
Losses associated with groundnuts infested with <i>Trogoderma granarium</i> everts (1955)

Abstract It was desired to ascertain to what extent measurement of the frass produced in groundnuts infested with Trogoderma granarium Everts could be used to assess total damage. A laboratory storage experiment is described in which the dry weight of frass produced is shown to be approximately equal to the loss of dry matter. Loss of edible nut is thus shown to be about equal to twice the frass weight.
Degradation and Corrosivity of MEA with Oxidation Inhibitors in a Carbon Dioxide Capture Process (2012)

The effect of the oxidation inhibitors, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), formaldehyde, and Na2SO3, on the oxidative and thermal degradation and the corrosivity of monoethanolamine (MEA) were investigated, and the products of oxidative and thermal degradation of MEA were analyzed. There was no difference in the CO2 absorption/desorption rates between MEA solutions with and without the oxidation inhibitors. The oxidation inhibitors prevented the oxidative degradation of MEA, and the extent of prevention was in the order EDTA≫formaldehyde>Na2SO3. Among the products of oxidative degradation of MEA in the oxidation condition, formate and acetate were the dominant degradation products, and EDTA decreased the amount of products formed to a greater extent than any other inhibitors. Oxidation inhibitors had no effect on the thermal degradation of MEA, and no oxidation products such as anion species of carboxylic acids (glycolate, formate, acetate, and oxalate) and nitrogen products (nitrite and nitrate) were formed under thermal degradation conditions. The corrosion rate of MEA with the inhibitors was in the order Na2SO3<EDTA<formaldehyde. Na2SO3 and EDTA decreased the corrosion rate of the MEA solution, while formaldehyde slightly increased the corrosion rate.
Application of fuzzy control to a heat exchanger system (1977)

The application of a fuzzy algorithm for controlling the temperature and the rate of flow of water in a continuously-stirred tank heat exchanger system is discussed. The control is obtained by manipulating the pressure of the steam supplied to the heat exchanger, and if necessary, adjusting both the main flow of water to the exchanger as well as the secondary flow.
Bilateral blue noise sampling (2013)

Blue noise sampling is an important component in many graphics applications, but existing techniques consider mainly the spatial positions of samples, making them less effective when handling problems with non-spatial features. Examples include biological distribution in which plant spacing is influenced by non-positional factors such as tree type and size, photon mapping in which photon flux and direction are not a direct function of the attached surface, and point cloud sampling in which the underlying surface is unknown a priori. These scenarios can benefit from blue noise sample distributions, but cannot be adequately handled by prior art. Inspired by bilateral filtering, we propose a bilateral blue noise sampling strategy. Our key idea is a general formulation to modulate the traditional sample distance measures, which are determined by sample position in spatial domain, with a similarity measure that considers arbitrary per sample attributes. This modulation leads to the notion of bilateral blue noise whose properties are influenced by not only the uniformity of the sample positions but also the similarity of the sample attributes. We describe how to incorporate our modulation into various sample analysis and synthesis methods, and demonstrate applications in object distribution, photon density estimation, and point cloud sub-sampling.
Ultrastuctural Analysis of Skeletal Muscie in Chronic Heart Failure (1989)

Drexler, H; Riede, V; Hiroi, M; Munzel, T; Holubarsch, C; Meinertz, T; Kliuik, M Author Information
The homotopic connectivity of the functional brain: a meta-analytic approach (2019)

Homotopic connectivity (HC) is the connectivity between mirror areas of the brain hemispheres. It can exhibit a marked and functionally relevant spatial variability, and can be perturbed by several pathological conditions. The voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) is a technique devised to enquire this pattern of brain organization, based on resting state functional connectivity. Since functional connectivity can be revealed also in a meta-analytical fashion using co-activations, here we propose to calculate the meta-analytic homotopic connectivity (MHC) as the meta-analytic counterpart of the VMHC. The comparison between the two techniques reveals their general similarity, but also highlights regional differences associated with how HC varies from task to rest. Two main differences were found from rest to task: (i) regions known to be characterized by global hubness are more similar than regions displaying local hubness; and (ii) medial areas are characterized by a higher degree of homotopic connectivity, while lateral areas appear to decrease their degree of homotopic connectivity during task performance. These findings show that MHC can be an insightful tool to study how the hemispheres functionally interact during task and rest conditions.