gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maturation and secretion of rat hepatic lipase is inhibited by α1B-adrenergic stimulation through changes in Ca2+ homoeostasis: thapsigargin and EGTA both mimic the effect of adrenaline (1998)

In rats, the daily changes in hepatic lipase (HL) activity in the liver follow the diurnal rhythm of the catecholamines. To study the underlying mechanism, the effect of adrenaline on maturation and secretion of HL was determined in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Adrenaline (10 microM) acutely inhibited the secretion of HL. This effect was abolished by 0.1 microM prazosin, but not by 1 microM propranolol, indicating the involvement of the alpha1-adrenergic pathway. Prazosin was at least 1000-fold more potent than WB4101, a selective alpha1A-antagonist. Adrenaline had no effect on HL secretion in hepatocytes pretreated with chloroethylclonidine, an irreversible alpha1B-selective antagonist. Inhibition of HL was not induced by 10 microM methoxamine, a alpha1A-selective agonist. Thus, adrenaline inhibited HL secretion through activation of the alpha1-adrenoceptors subtype B, which have been shown to signal through Ca2+ as well as cAMP. A similar reduction in HL secretion was induced by the Ca2+-mobilizing hormones angiotensin II (100 nM) and vasopressin (12 nM), the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (2 microM), and by thapsigargin (1 microM), which inhibits the ER Ca2+-ATPase pump. HL secretion was unaffected by elevating cAMP with 10 microM forskolin or 1 microM 8-Br-cAMP. These results suggest that the alpha1B-adrenergic effects on HL expression are mainly mediated through elevation of intracellular Ca2+. Chelation of extracellular Ca2+ and subsequent lowering of intracellular Ca2+ with EGTA also inhibited HL secretion. In pulse-chase experiments, adrenaline was shown to inhibit the maturation of HL from the 53 kDa, Endo H-sensitive precursor to the Endo H-resistant, catalytically active protein of 58 kDa. In addition, adrenaline induced intracellular degradation of newly synthesized HL. Similar post-translational effects, both qualitatively and quantitatively, were observed with A23187, thapsigargin and EGTA. We conclude that the inhibition of HL maturation and increase in intracellular degradation induced by catecholamines, A23187, thapsigargin and EGTA is evoked by changes in Ca2+ homoeostasis, possibly through lowering ER Ca2+.
Membrane Permeability and the Loss of Germination Factor from <i>Neurospora crassa</i> at Low Water Activities (1974)

Neurospora crassa conidia incubating in buffer at low water activities (a(w)) release a germination-essential component as well as 260-nm absorbing and ninhydrin-positive materials, regardless of whether an electrolyte or non-electrolyte is used to reduce a(w). Chloroform and antibiotics known to increase cell-membrane permeability have a similar effect. This suggests that membrane damage occurs in media of low a(w) and that an increase in permeability is responsible for the release of cellular components. The damage caused in media of low a(w) is nonlethal in most cases, and the conidia recover when transferred to nutrient medium.
Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. VIII (1926)

Rob. E. Fries, Th. C. E. Fries, Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. VIII, Notizblatt des Königl. botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin, Bd. 9, Nr. 87 (Feb. 25, 1926), pp. 485-522
A Maximum Entropy Approach to Recovering Information from Multinomial Response Data (1996)

Abstract The classical maximum entropy (ME) approach to estimating the unknown parameters of a multinomial discrete choice problem, which is equivalent to the maximum likelihood multinomial logit (ML) estimator, is generalized. The generalized maximum entropy (GME) model includes noise terms in the multinomial information constraints. Each noise term is modeled as the mean of a finite set of a priori known points in the interval [−1,1] with unknown probabilities where no parametric assumptions about the error distribution are made. A GME model for the multinomial probabilities and for the distributions associated with the noise terms is derived by maximizing the joint entropy of multinomial and noise distributions, under the assumption of independence. The GME formulation reduces to the ME in the limit as the sample grows large or when no noise is included in the entropy maximization. Further, even though the GME and the logit estimators are conceptually different, the dual GME model is related to a generalized class of logit models. In finite samples, modeling the noise terms along with the multinomial probabilities results in a gain of efficiency of the GME over the ME and ML. In addition to analytical results, some extensions, sampling experiments, and an example based on real-world data are presented.
Differential Glucose and Fructose Utilization During Cucumber Juice Fermentation (2001)

ABSTRACT: Glucose (32 mM) and fructose (36mM) of cucumber juice were degraded simultaneously by Lactobacillus plantarum , but at different rates and extents. Glucose depletion was slightly more rapid than fructose during the exponential growth phase, but slower thereafter and stopped before exhaustion. In contrast, fructose degradation continued until all naturally present fructose was exhausted. When cucumber juice was supplemented with fructose and/or glucose, the starter culture continued to ferment fructose, but not glucose, resulting in an increase in lactic acid production and a decrease in terminal pH. Fructose utilization was not affected by the presence of glucose, but the presence of fructose reduced glucose utilization.
Structural analysis of influenza vaccine virus-like particles reveals a multicomponent organization (2018)

Abstract Influenza virus continues to be a major health problem due to the continually changing immunodominant head regions of the major surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA). However, some emerging vaccine platforms designed by biotechnology efforts, such as recombinant influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) have been shown to elicit protective antibodies to antigenically different influenza viruses. Here, using biochemical analyses and cryo-electron microscopy methods coupled to image analysis, we report the composition and 3D structural organization of influenza VLPs of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus. HA molecules were uniformly distributed on the VLP surfaces and the conformation of HA was in a prefusion state. Moreover, HA could be bound by antibody targeting conserved epitopes in the stem region of HA. Taken together, our analysis suggests structural parameters that may be important for VLP biotechnology such as a multi-component organization with (i) an outer component consisting of prefusion HA spikes on the surfaces, (ii) a VLP membrane with HA distribution permitting stem epitope display, and (iii) internal structural components.
Efficient Production and Characterization of the Sweet-Tasting Brazzein Secreted by the Yeast Pichia pastoris (2012)

Brazzein is a small, heat-, and pH-stable sweet protein present in the fruits of the West African plant Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baillon. It exists in two forms differing in sweetness intensity. The major form, called pyrE-bra, contains a pyroglutamic acid at its N-terminus, while the minor form, called des-pyrE-bra, lacks this residue. Here we describe the heterologous expression in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris of two natural forms of brazzein, pyrE-bra and des-pyrE-bra, and an additional form, called Q1-bra, which is not naturally occurring in the fruit. Q1-bra differs from pyrE-bra in having a glutamine residue instead of pyrE at its N-terminus. Over an expression period of 6 days, we obtained approximately 90, 30, and 90 mg/L of purified recombinant pyrE-bra, Q1-bra, and des-pyrE-bra brazzein forms, respectively. Recombinant proteins were purified and submitted to mass spectrometry and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The data indicate that the recombinant brazzein forms were properly folded. Moreover, they activated the human sweet receptor in vitro and evoked sweetness in vivo with properties similar to those of the two natural brazzein forms.
Peroxide-Cocatalyst Curing Systems for Saturated Polypropylene Ether Urethane Elastomers (1971)

Abstract 1. Saturated polypropylene ether urethanes can be cured with peroxide/ sulfur systems. Dicumyl peroxide was used as the free radical generator and sulfur as major co-curing agent. 2. Moduli and tensile strengths of cured compounds were proportional to the Mooney viscosities of the uncured gum rubbers when compared at equal cure time. 3. Aromatic polyglycidyl ethers, diisocyanates and polycarbodiimides show promise as heat and hydrolytic stabilizers for the cured elastomers. 4. Curves of tensile strength versus filler exhibit maxima for both HAF carbon black and fumed silica (Cab-O-Sil M-5). Silica gave higher tensile strength values than HAF carbon black.
The i-LIMB Hand and the DMC Plus Hand Compared (2010)

The i-LIMB hand is a novel upper limb myoelectric prosthetic hand with several joints in the fingers and thumb. This study aimed to determine whether this new device had more functionality than a more conventional myoelectric prosthetic hand with only a single joint between the thumb and two fingers. Therefore, a 45-year-old man with a wrist disarticulation used the i-LIMB hand and the widely used Dynamic Mode Control hand (DMC plus hand) in a test procedure that covered all functional levels of the International Classification of Function (ICF). Functional outcomes of the i-LIMB seemed to be lower than or equal to the DMC plus hand. The patient's satisfaction tended to be in favor of the i-LIMB. Compared to the DMC plus hand, the i-LIMB was more reliable when holding objects but had a lack of power and was less robust. We concluded that the i-LIMB hand has limited additional functionality compared to the DMC plus hand.
Probing the inner surface of a capillary with the atomic force microscope (1995)

The inner surface of a fused silica capillary for zone electrophoresis was probed by the atomic force microscope (AFM) in the contact mode. Only uncoated surfaces were analyzed, after a simple washing cycle with detergent, NaOH and HCl, and final equilibration in distilled water. Three progressively larger surface areas were probed: 0.5 x 0.5 micron, 2 x 2 microns and 4 x 4 microns. In all cases, it was found that the surface is remarkably smooth, with a median height increasing from 1.3 to 5.6 nm; mean height, from 1.3 to 5.8 nm; root-mean-squared roughness, from 0.35 to 1.5 nm; and average roughness, from 0.28 to 0.67 nm (the lower values referring to the smaller area, the larger to the largest area probed). The lowest "peaks" detected are of the order of 1-2 nm; some scattered peaks as high as 16 nm are occasionally found. It is concluded that the inner surface of a capillary is not a serrate or notchy structure, but is indeed quite smooth. Since the average roughness is comprised within the thickness of the diffuse double layer (> 10 nm) existing on the silica wall as a result of silanol ionization (and, in fact, it is on the average considerably smaller), it is concluded that it cannot possibly influence peak shape and contribute to peak decay in an electrophoretic run.
Investigation of the thermal dissociation of PH3 and NH3 using quadrupole mass spectrometry (1991)

The thermal dissociation of PH3 and NH3 injected through a Ta-based high-pressure gas-injection cell were studied. Using a quadrupole mass spectrometer, the Ta was found to effectively dissociate the PH3 into primarily P2, P4, and H2 molecules with an injector temperature as low as 550 °C. The introduction of NH3 through this same injector resulted in dissociation into N2 and H2 for an injector temperature greater than 900 °C. When NH3 and PH3 were coinjected, again P2, P4, N2, and H2 were the primary molecules produced; however, an additional dimer, PN, was also detected. The PN concentration was maximum at a cell temperature of 700 °C. This dimer was found to be an effective source for introducing nitrogen as an isoelectronic trap in GaP.
Mobile Robotics, Moving Intelligence (2006)

t y p e s o f m o b i l e r o b o t s h a d been developed depending on the kind of application, velocity, and the type of environment whether its water, space, terrain with fixed or moving obstacles.Four major categories had been identified (Dudek & Jenkin, 2000): Terrestrial or ground-contact robots: The most common ones are the wheeled robots; others are the tracked vehicles and Limbed vehicles.Aquatic robots: Those operate in water surface or underwater.Most use water jets or propellers.
IDDq benefits (digital CMOS testing) (2002)

The author discusses many different aspects of IDDq, quality, reliability, and test being the major three. A description of IDDq is presented with different pragmatic methods of implementing it. Employing IDDq testing on digital CMOS technology, the user obtains a product with greater reliability. These benefits are introduced, which clearly support IDDq's implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of Highly Conductive and Transparent Thin Films from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using a New Non-ionic Surfactant <i>via</i> Spin Coating (2010)

Oligothiophene-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) was synthesized and used as a non-ionic and amphiphilic surfactant for fabricating high-quality single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films by a simple spin coating method. The absence of charge repulsion between SWCNT/surfactant complexes successfully leads to formation of a dense network of SWCNTs on the substrate through a single deposition of spin coating. When the SWCNT film was treated with nitric acid and thionyl chloride after washed with dichloromethane and water, a high-performance SWCNT film with the sheet resistance of 59 ohm/sq and the transparency of 71% at 550 nm was successfully obtained. Since the SWCNT film exhibits a high value of σ(dc)/σ(ac) (∼17) and excellent dimensional stability after releasing from the substrate, the film can be used as a transparent electrode in flexible optoelectronic devices.
Finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis of optical pulse responses in biological tissues for spectroscopic diffused optical tomography (2002)

Finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis has been successfully formulated for solving diffusion equation in biological tissues. Time-dependent diffusion equations are approximated by FDTD equations by assigning diffuse photon fluence rates and radiant flux defined in the diffusion equations to Yee meshes. At the boundary between scattering and no scattering material, FDTD equation including only fluence rate has been derived, which make it possible to calculate the fluence rate at the boundary. The formulation is useful to solve diffusion equations by iterative algebraic calculations in scattering media with inhomogeneous optical properties. The conditions to give stabilities for numerical solutions have been become clear in terms of scattering coefficients and mean cosine of scattering angles. Using the formulation, the reflectance of three-layered slabs containing a clear layer have been calculated. As a result, it has been found that absorption loss changes of the highly scattering medium beyond the clear layer are estimated from the time profiles of the reflectance.
Determination of Kinetic Data Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors (2004)

The use of biosensors employing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) provides excellent instrumentation for a label-free, real-time investigation of biomolecular interactions. A broad range of biological applications including antibody-antigen interactions can be analyzed. One major advantage of kinetic analysis using SPR-based biosensors is the option of determining separately distinct association and dissociation rate constants exceeding the classical steady-state analysis of biomolecules. Based on these data new possibilities for drug design, characterizing human pathogens, and the development of therapeutic antibodies can be achieved. The hardware of commercially available systems is described, practical step by step procedures are given, and possibilities and limitations of the technology are discussed.
Detecting Presence of Bubbles Within Simulated Blood Vessels Using a Piezoelectric Ring Set to Oscillate at Matching Resonant Conditions (2012)

A variety of methods have been used to detect and measure the presence and size of bubbles that occur naturally in tubes or blood vessels. These traits have recently produced interest in biomedical fields including drug delivery systems and decompression sickness, among others. To detect and measure bubbles, optical, acoustic, and equivalent bulk properties methods have primarily been used; each exploiting unique characteristics of bubbles [1]. Among these, Doppler techniques based on the backscattering of ultrasound waves, have been used to detect and measure bubbles within fluid media [2,3].
CCL18/DC-CK-1/PARC up-regulation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (2001)

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a lung inflammatory disorder characterized by accumulation of T lymphocytes. However, the mechanisms implicated in this process remain undefined. We examined the expression of dendritic cell (DC)-derived CC chemokine 1 (CK1)/CCL18, a chemokine putatively involved in naive T cell recruitment, in lungs from 10 patients with HP, 9 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and 20 healthy lungs. CCL18 was measured by real-time quantitative PCR and localized in lungs by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. CCL18 expression was significantly increased in lungs affected by HP in comparison with lungs affected by IPF (2,085+/-393 vs. 1,023+/-110; P<0.05) and controls (2,085+/-393 vs. 467+/-94; P<0.01). Macrophages, DCs, and alveolar epithelial cells were the main sources of CCL18. There was a direct correlation between the levels of tissue CCL18 and the number of lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. High levels of CCL18 were detected in the subacute rather than the chronic phase of HP. These findings suggest a role for CCL18 in the pathogenesis of HP.
Transgenic Expression of Soluble Human CD5 Enhances Experimentally-Induced Autoimmune and Anti-Tumoral Immune Responses (2014)

CD5 is a lymphoid-specific transmembrane glycoprotein constitutively expressed on thymocytes and mature T and B1a lymphocytes. Current data support the view that CD5 is a negative regulator of antigen-specific receptor-mediated signaling in these cells, and that this would likely be achieved through interaction with CD5 ligand/s (CD5L) of still undefined nature expressed on immune or accessory cells. To determine the functional consequence of loss of CD5/CD5L interaction in vivo, a new transgenic mouse line was generated (shCD5EμTg), expressing a circulating soluble form of human CD5 (shCD5) as a decoy to impair membrane-bound CD5 function. These shCD5EμTg mice showed an enhanced response to autologous antigens, as deduced from the presentation of more severe forms of experimentally inducible autoimmune disease (collagen-induced arthritis, CIA; and experimental autoimmune encephalitis, EAE), as well as an increased anti-tumoral response in non-orthotopic cancer models (B16 melanoma). This enhancement of the immune response was in agreement with the finding of significantly reduced proportions of spleen and lymph node Treg cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+), and of peritoneal IL-10-producing and CD5+ B cells, as well as an increased proportion of spleen NKT cells in shCD5EμTg mice. Similar changes in lymphocyte subpopulations were observed in wild-type mice following repeated administration of exogenous recombinant shCD5 protein. These data reveal the relevant role played by CD5/CD5L interactions on the homeostasis of some functionally relevant lymphocyte subpopulations and the modulation of immune responses to autologous antigens.
Navigation and SAR auto-focusing based on the phase gradient approach (2011)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) equipment is an all-weather radar imaging system that can be used to create high resolution images of the scene by utilising the movement of the flying platform. It is therefore essential to accurately estimate the platform's trajectory in order to get good and focused images. Recently, both real time applications and smaller and cheaper platforms have been considered. This, in turn, leads to unfocused images since cheaper platforms, in general, have navigation systems with poorer performance. At the same time the radar data contain information about the platform's motion that can be used to estimate the trajectory and get more focused images. Here, a method of utilising the phase gradient of the SAR data in a sensor fusion framework is presented. The method is illustrated on a simulated example with promising results. At the end a discussion about the obtained results and future work is covered.
Multi-CoDec Configurations for Low Power and High Quality Scan Test (2011)

Scan compression techniques are widely used to contain test application time and test data volume. Smart techniques exist to match the scan compression CoDec (compactor-decompressor) module with the DUT (design under test), to realize high levels of compression with no loss of coverage. DUT partitioning is often desirable for ease of implementing sub-chips and integrating them into an SOC (system-on-chip). This paper presents various multi-CoDec configurations for partitioned DUTs to enable efficient scan testing, which address the requirements of reduced test mode power with no compromise in test quality. Different configurations are examined, tradeoffs discussed, and the most suitable one amongst them identified. It is shown how the preferred configuration can be architected with low implementation overhead (with no new requirements for bounding when creating the individual partitions), and how the different CoDec - DUT partitions can be operated together to meet dual goals of high quality and low power, with no increase in test time. Experimental data is presented on industrial circuits to illustrate the benefits.