gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Massive hydration-driven swelling of layered perovskite niobate crystals in aqueous solutions of organo-ammonium bases (2017)

Osmotic swelling behaviors in layered perovskite niobate were examined in aqueous solutions containing three types of amine-related agents including quaternary ammonium hydroxides and tertiary aminoethanol. Platelet microcrystals of a protonated layered perovskite niobate, HCa<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub>·1.5H<sub>2</sub>O, were found to show enormous swelling in the aqueous solutions, which was clearly recognized by the noticeable expansion of the sample volume over 100-fold. Optical microscopy observations revealed that the crystals underwent accordion-like elongation in the layer-stacking direction up to several ten-fold the initial thickness. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements of swollen samples indicate the expansion of interlayer separation ranging from ∼20 nm to over 100 nm, which is primarily governed by the concentrations of the amine-related agents. The magnitudes of the interlayer separation were comparable to those of the macroscopic swelling. The degree of swelling was progressively suppressed with further increasing concentration, and this suppression trend was related to the amines.
Risks and adverse outcomes of sexually transmitted diseases. Patients' attitudes and beliefs. (2001)

Increased educational efforts targeted at high-risk individuals are necessary to improve knowledge of STDs and their adverse sequelae. With greater knowledge and awareness, individuals and couples may be more likely to practice protective behaviors, such as reducing high-risk exposure, and to increase preventive measures, such as barrier contraception use.
Dynamic estimation of power system stability in different Kalman filter implementations (2014)

Voltage collapse is still the biggest threat to the transmission system. There are many approaches that have been explored to predict the point of voltage collapse. However, it is still lacking of information that related to current system state. With the advancement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) technology, it provides an alternate pathway to improve the existing power system state estimation. Hence, it was of interest to develop better methods that could give a preliminary warning before the voltage collapse. This paper concerns for the development of real-time system monitoring methods to give a timely warning in the power system. The algorithm to predict the points of collapse is based on the assumption that voltage instability is closely related to the maximum load ability of a transmission network. Therefore, the Thevenin impedance is equalled to the apparent load impedance at the points of collapse. Numerous methods such as Discrete Kalman Filter (DKF), Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) are being implemented into the realtime voltage instability predictor to track the Thevenin parameters. The test results are tested on Malaysia's power system 132 kV - 2-bus and 10-bus systems. The results are compared based on the early-warning index of voltage collapse. The results of DKF method are set as the reference for comparison purpose between EKF method and UKF method. The test results shown that EKF method provided better results by decreasing of 0.1169 p.u. for 2-bus system and 0.0338 p.u. for 10-bus system. In the meanwhile, UKF method provided increasing values of 0.4262 p.u. for 2-bus system and 0.1522 p.u, for 10-bus system. The overall purpose of this research is to develop methods that in provide early warning for an emerging stability problem. In order to achieving the research's objectives, derivation of the index for early warning of the point of collapse is completed. The performance of each method used throughout this research is based on the analyzed results for the points of voltage collapse.
Manganese alters mitochodrial integrity in the hearts of swine marginally deficient in magnesium (2004)

It was previously reported that pigs marginally deficient in magnesium (Mg) and fed diets high in manganese (Mn) died suddenly with signs of sudden cardiac death. Manganese, which has properties similar to Mg, may exacerbate Mg-deficiency and be accumulated by mitochondria resulting in ultrastructural damage. The objective of this study was to determine whether deaths of the type previously observed were mediated by adverse interactions of Mn and Mg resulting in ultrastructural damage to the myocardium, alterations in electrocardiographic recordings and tissue retention of Mn, Mg and calcium (Ca). Forty-eight pigs were fed one of six diets in a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement of Mg (100 or 1000 mg Mg/kg) and Mn (5, 50 or 500 mg Mn/kg) for 8 weeks. Left ventricle muscle samples were collected for examination by transmission electron microscopy. No differences in heart muscle ultrastructure were observed between pigs fed low and adequate dietary Mg. However, marked myocardial necrosis and mitochondrial swelling were observed in pigs fed high dietary Mn when combined with low Mg. Feeding low dietary Mg elevated minimum (P < 0.01), maximum (P < 0.05) and average (P < 0.001) heart rates. Low dietary Mg resulted in a 55% probability of a ventricular beat being recorded (P = 0.05) and lower Mg (P < 0.02) and Ca (P < 0.04) contents in heart atria and ventricles. These results suggest that high Mn, when fed in combination with low Mg, disrupts mitochondrial ultrastructure and is associated with the sudden deaths previously reported.
Steady-state modeling, analysis, and performance of transistor-controlled AC power conditioning systems (1990)

Steady-state modeling, analysis, and solution of transistor-controlled systems are developed and experimentally verified over a wide range of operation. General features of the system performance and the effects of the chopping frequency on the performance parameters and harmonic generation are thoroughly investigated. Over most of the control range, and for chopping frequencies in the order of several hundred hertz and higher, it is demonstrated that the harmonic contents of the load current are almost negligible, providing highly desired operating conditions for many applications where the fundamental current is the only useful component.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrating Distributed Object Transactions with Wide-Area Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Systems (2005)

Transactions are necessary for many distributed applications to deliver reasonable results. Typically, said transaction engines enhance system dependability by providing atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. Yet, emerging paradigms in distributed systems seem to challenge these traditional concepts. This paper presents early results in integrating distributed object transactions with content-based publish/subscribe systems. Essentially, the paper illustrates a novel and generic integration framework that 1) supports application-dependent message failure models and 2) exhibits a full messaging transaction mechanism. We discuss integration challenges, analyze middleware requirements, and position our attempt among existing approaches.
A novel CRYGD mutation (p.Trp43Arg) causing autosomal dominant congenital cataract in a Chinese family (2010)

To identify the genetic defect associated with autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract in a Chinese family, molecular genetic investigation via haplotype analysis and direct sequencing were performed Sequencing of the CRYGD gene revealed a c.127T>C transition, which resulted in a substitution of a highly conserved tryptophan with arginine at codon 43 (p.Trp43Arg). This mutation co-segregated with all affected individuals and was not observed in either unaffected family members or in 200 normal unrelated individuals. Biophysical studies indicated that the p.Trp43Arg mutation resulted in significant tertiary structural changes. The mutant protein was much less stable than the wild-type protein, and was more prone to aggregate when subjected to environmental stresses such as heat and UV irradiation.
Characterization of an immuno-dominant variable surface antigen from pathogenic and nonpathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. (1990)

A 125-kD surface antigen of Entamoeba histolytica is recognized by 73% of immune sera from patients with amoebic liver abscesses. Using pooled human immune sera a cDNA clone (lambda cM17) encoding this antigen (M17) has been isolated from a lambda gt11 expression library of the virulent stain E. histolytica HM1:IMSS. Monospecific antibodies, purified by binding to phage lysate of lambda cM17, and mAb FA7 reacted exclusively with the 125-kD antigen by Western blot analysis. Surface binding and cap formation are observed with patient sera, purified monospecific antiserum, and mAb FA7. Corresponding genomic clones (pBSgM17-1/2/3) were isolated by hybridization with the cDNA clone. These contained an open-reading frame of 3345 bp, which is in good agreement with the mRNA size of approximately 3.0 kb as revealed by Northern hybridization with lambda cM17. The inferred amino acid sequence predicts a 125,513 dalton protein that contains 17 potential N-linked glycosylation sites and is unusually rich in tyrosine and asparagine residues. A distinctly hydrophobic NH2-terminal region may serve as membrane anchor or signal sequence. In contrast to conservation of an immunodominant epitope recognized in pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains by monoclonal FA7 and human immune sera, amplification and sequence analysis of a 1,4000-bp fragment of this gene from a fresh nonpathogenic isolate by use of the PCR demonstrate regions of significant sequence divergence in this antigen. A 1% sequence variability among different isolates of the pathogenic strain HM1:IMSS and a 12-13% variability between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains are revealed by comparison to published partial amino acid sequences (Tannich, E., R.D. Horstmann, J. Knobloch, and H.H. Arnold. 1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:5118). Some restriction enzymes were found that allowed PCR diagnosis of nonpathogenic and pathogenic isolates with the exclusion of E. histolytica-like Laredo, suggesting that a detailed study of nonpathogenic and pathogenic isolates in relation to the M17 antigen sequence will provide a basis of differentiating isolates.
Ultra Low NOx Using Rich Catalytic/Lean-Burn Catalytic Pilots: Gas Turbine Engine Test (2009)

Lean premixed (LP) combustion is limited to a minimum NOx of 5–9 ppm due to flame stability. To improve flame stability and lower NOx, an advanced Rich Catalytic Lean-burn technology was developed and integrated to replace only the injector pilot with catalyst modules. This system focuses on replacing the highest temperature zone of the LP combustion system with a catalytic pilot (which can stabilize the main flame at reduced equivalence ratio) to reduce overall NOx emissions. This concept synergistically combines the best features of catalytic and aerodynamically stabilized combustion technologies. During Taurus 70 (T70) engine testing of a set of injectors equipped with catalyst modules for natural gas applications, emissions at baseload conditions were NOx of ∼ 2.5 ppmv and CO less than 2 ppm, both corrected to 15% O2. Low single digit emissions were achieved from 50% to 100% load. Combustor acoustics were low (below 0.1 psi/690 Pa) during testing. Reactor catalyst temperature was within the design limit and no-preburner was required. The initial emissions results are promising providing an alternative to conventional LP technology for less than 5 ppm NOx systems. Further development work is needed to establish engine integration and long term catalyst durability before advancing to production.
Locally repairable codes with multiple repair alternatives (2013)

Distributed storage systems need to store data redundantly in order to provide some fault-tolerance and guarantee system reliability. Different coding techniques have been proposed to provide the required redundancy more efficiently than traditional replication schemes. However, compared to replication, coding techniques are less efficient for repairing lost redundancy, as they require retrieval of larger amounts of data from larger subsets of storage nodes. To mitigate these problems, several recent works have presented locally repairable codes designed to minimize the repair traffic and the number of nodes involved per repair. Unfortunately, existing methods often lead to codes where there is only one subset of nodes able to repair a piece of lost data, limiting the local repairability to the availability of the nodes in this subset. In this paper, we present a new family of locally repairable codes that allows different trade-offs between the number of contacted nodes per repair, and the number of different subsets of nodes that enable this repair. We show that slightly increasing the number of contacted nodes per repair allows to have repair alternatives, which in turn increases the probability of being able to perform efficient repairs. Finally, we present pg-BLRC, an explicit construction of locally repairable codes with multiple repair alternatives, constructed from partial geometries, in particular from Generalized Quadrangles. We show how these codes can achieve practical lengths and high rates, while requiring a small number of nodes per repair, and providing multiple repair alternatives.
Distributed cooperative control for sharing applications based on multiparty and multimedia desktop conferencing system: MERMAID (2003)

A control scheme for sharing applications that is based on MERMAID, a distributed multiparty desktop conferencing system, is described. The control scheme design is based on a replicated architecture which runs a copy of the application at every site or workstation. It is shown that the approach is applicable to developing shared applications, with slight application-independent modifications, to sharing existing single-user applications. The shared-application structure and the functions required for shared applications are discussed. A method for sharing applications for cases in which external resources are accessed is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The function of APC/CCdh1 in cell cycle and beyond (2009)

The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase playing essential functions in mitosis. It is conserved from yeast to human and relies on two adaptor proteins, Cdc20 and Cdh1, to bring in substrates. Both APCCdc20 and APCCdh1 are implicated in the control of mitosis through mediating ubiquitination and degradation of important mitotic regulators such as cyclin B1, securin, and Plk1. In addition, APCCdh1 is thought to prevent premature S phase entry by limiting the accumulation of mitotic cyclins in G1 and to regulate processes unrelated to cell cycle. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of APCCdh1 function in cell cycle and beyond.
Expression pattern of adhesion molecules in junctional epithelium differs from that in other gingival epithelia (2006)

These findings indicated that the junctional epithelium contains only a few desmosomes, composed of only desmoglein 3; adherens junctions are probably absent because of defective E-cadherin. Thus, the anchoring junctions connecting junctional epithelium cells are lax, causing widened intercellular spaces. In contrast, the oral gingival epithelium, which has a few tight junctions, functions as a barrier.
Long‐Term Ground Leases, the Redevelopment Option and Contract Incentives (2001)

Ground leased property trades at a discount relative to the fee interest. We explore contractual alternatives that would be Pareto preferred by owners of the leased fee estate and the leasehold interest. The sharing of the value of the residual claim between the owner of the leased fee and the leasehold and a lease extension clause triggered by redevelopment can enhance the value of the asset to both parties. The results suggest that employing such contractual terms in ground leases in the United States would lead to outcomes more consistent with the fee simple case. Escalation clauses also have a potential impact on the timing and intensity of redevelopment.
Prediction of Error Associated with False-Positive Rate Determination for Peptide Identification in Large-Scale Proteomics Experiments Using a Combined Reverse and Forward Peptide Sequence Database Strategy (2006)

In recent years, a variety of approaches have been developed using decoy databases to empirically assess the error associated with peptide identifications from large-scale proteomics experiments. We have developed an approach for calculating the expected uncertainty associated with false-positive rate determination using concatenated reverse and forward protein sequence databases. After explaining the theoretical basis of our model, we compare predicted error with the results of experiments characterizing a series of mixtures containing known proteins. In general, results from characterization of known proteins show good agreement with our predictions. Finally, we consider how these approaches may be applied to more complicated data sets, as when peptides are separated by charge state prior to false-positive determination.
Channel division multiple access: The access solution for UWB networks (2014)

In this paper we study a promising multiple access scheme entitled Channel Division Multiple Access (ChDMA). ChDMA was developed to cope with the particularities of low duty cycle Impulsive Radio Ultra Wideband systems (IR-UWB). The idea is based upon the fact that Channel Impulse Responses (CIR) could be exploited as users signatures. Based on the knowledge of the CIRs at the receiver, transmitted signals can be detected and estimated in a very similar approach as performed by DS-CDMA systems. We present in this contribution initial analysis of the spectral efficiency performance of ChDMA systems. As a matter of fact, ChDMA overcomes the multiple access paradigm of impulsive-radio signaling and provides an efficient and low complex technique to exploit the diversity of UWB communications. For the study, we consider three different receiver structures: optimal receiver, matched filter (MF) and linear minimum mean square error receiver (l-MMSE). As a result, it is shown that under certain conditions ChDMA can even outperform CDMA in terms of Shannon's capacity, providing a real option for future communication systems.
Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Secondary Alcohols Catalyzed by Chiral Diaminodiphosphine−Ir(I) Complexes (2006)

Chiral diaminodiphosphine-Ir(I) complexes were found to efficiently catalyze enantioselective oxidation of racemic secondary alcohols in acetone. In the presence of base, oxidative kinetic resolution of the alcohols proceeded smoothly with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee) under mild conditions. [reaction: see text].
One‐pot nonreductive <i>O</i>‐glycan release and labeling with 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐5‐pyrazolone followed by ESI‐MS analysis (2011)

A novel one-pot procedure for the nonreductive release of O-linked glycans from glycoproteins and the simultaneous derivatization of released glycans with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) is described. Unlike the traditional reductive β-elimination, which produces alditols, this new method employs PMP/ammonia aqueous solution as the reaction medium. The O-glycans are released from glycoproteins and derivatized with PMP nonreductively, specifically, and quantitatively. Samples can be easily purified from ammonia, excess PMP, and peptide residues by evaporation, chloroform extraction, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) column fractionation for HPLC, CE, or MS analysis. The procedure has been elaborated with two purified glycoproteins, porcine stomach mucin and bovine fetuin, and successfully applied to O-glycan profiling of a challenging biological specimen, healthy human plasma. This new procedure has shown methodological significance in O-glycan analysis.
The Trypanocidal Effect of Nucleocidin In vivo (1957)

During the past few years the first reports have been made of antibiotics which are effective against trypanosomes in vivo. McCowan et al (1953) reported that erythromycin prevented death of mice infected with Trypanosoma equiperdum. Hewitt et al (1953) found that puromycin (Stylomycin) was effective against T. equiperdum and T. cruzi, although cures were not claimed for T. cruzi. Tobie (1954) showed that puromycin had a strong suppressive effect against T. equiperdum, T. evansi, T. equinum, T. gambiense, and T. rhodesiense. The aminonucleoside of puromycin was reported by Tobie and Highman (1956) to be somewhat effective against T. congolense and highly effective against T. equiperdumn, T. equinum, T. gambiense, and T. rhodesiense. None of these reports dealt with a compound particularly active against T. congolense. More recently Hewitt et al (1956) reported that a new antibiotic nucleocidin was very active therapeutically against T. equiperdum. The physical characteristics and in vitro spectrum were described by Thomas et al (1956). In the present study we report the effective trypanocidal activity of nucleocidin, against T. congolense, T. equinum, and T. gambiense, three species representing three different groups of trypanosomes. As far as is known, this is the first antibiotic found to be highly active against T. congolense.
Pad finish related board-level solder joint reliability research (2010)

Pad finish is the direct interface between PCB and solder ball, it plays an important role in determining the compound and characteristics of IMC formed at those interfaces, and even to change the mechanical property and microstructure of bulk solder joint. In this paper, we investigated the reliability property of 10 different pad finish combinations. The substrate finish includes electro-plated NiAu, ENEPIG with different Gold and Palladium thickness, and OSP. Board side finishes are ENIG and OSP. We have set up the database of life data for all groups under different reliability test conditions and found out the pad finish related failure mechanism.
Optimal input design for aircraft parameter estimation using dynamicprogramming principles (1990)

A new technique was developed for designing optimal flight test inputs for aircraft parameter estimation experiments. The principles of dynamic programming were used for the design in the time domain. This approach made it possible to include realistic practical constraints on the input and output variables. A description of the new approach is presented, followed by an example for a multiple input linear model describing the lateral dynamics of a fighter aircraft. The optimal input designs produced by the new technique demonstrated improved quality and expanded capability relative to the conventional multiple input design method.
The application of resonant ion ejection to quadrupole ion storage mass spectrometry: a study of ion/molecule reactions in the QUISTOR (1979)

Resonant ejection of ion species from the quadrupole ion store (QUISTOR) is shown to reveal the coupling of reactant ions with product ions in ion/molecule reactions studied with the QUISTOR – quadrupole mass filter combination. The technique involves the use of selective ejection of a chosen ionic precursor and the simultaneous observation of the perturbations in the concentration of product ions. The technique is demonstrated in studies of the ion chemistry and reaction kinetics of two known chemical systems.