gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for an early innate immune response in the motor cortex of ALS (2017)

Our findings reveal that the intricate cellular interplay between immune cells and upper motor neurons observed in the motor cortex of ALS mice is indeed recapitulated in ALS patients. We generated and characterized a novel model system, to study the cellular and molecular basis of this close cellular interaction and how that relates to motor neuron vulnerability and progressive degeneration in ALS.
Transient analysis of lossy interconnects by modified method of characteristics (2000)

In this paper, the modified method of characteristics (MMC) is presented to analyze lossy interconnects. The method applies lower order Taylor approximation to model the characteristic admittance, and further applies lower order Pade approximation to model propagation functions of a transmission line. However, different from the single-point or multipoint moment-matching approaches, this method does not generate a reduced-order model of a transmission line prior to constructing the system matrix. Instead, it takes a special expansion and directly incorporates the coefficients of the expansion into the modified nodal admittance (MNA) matrix. On the basis of the specific expansion, a set of time-domain recursive formulae is derived, which concerns only the quantities at the ends of transmission lines. The recursive formulae are similar to those of method of characteristics (MC), with some added modifications. Based on the formulae of MMC, an equivalent time-domain macromodel of a uniform lossy transmission line is obtained. It can be easily implemented within the framework of an existing circuit simulator such as SPICE. The examples indicate that the method gives accurate time-domain simulation of interconnects in high-speed IC systems.
High-conversion-efficiency optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification system using spatiotemporally shaped pump pulses (2003)

High-conversion-efficiency, high-stability optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification is demonstrated with a spatiotemporally shaped pump laser system. Broadband 5-mJ pulses are produced at a 5-Hz repetition rate with a pump-to-signal conversion efficiency of 29% and energy stability better than 2% rms. To our knowledge this is the highest conversion efficiency and stability achieved in an optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification system.
Functional analyses of novel mutations in the sulfonylurea receptor 1 associated with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. (1998)

The ATP-sensitive potassium channel, K(ATP) channel, a functional complex of the sulfonylurea receptor 1, SUR1, and an inward rectifier potassium channel subunit, Kir6.2, regulates insulin secretion in the pancreas. Mutations in both the Kir6.2 and SUR1 genes are associated with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), a disorder of pancreatic beta-cell function characterized by excess insulin secretion and hypoglycemia. We have studied the functional properties of novel SUR1 mutations identified in PHHI patients, including H125Q, N188S, F591L, T1139M, R1215Q, G1382S, and R1394H. R1394H and deltaF1388 SUR1, a previously identified PHHI mutation, resulted in no functional channels when coexpressed with Kir6.2 in COS cells, while H125Q, N188S, F591L, T1139M, R1215Q, and G1382S SUR1 generated functional channels in the absence of ATP. With the exception of N188S and H125Q, all mutants had reduced response to stimulation by MgADP. These results indicate that lack of, or reduction of, K(ATP) channel sensitivity to MgADP is a common molecular defect associated with the disease. The mutant channels also showed varied response to activation by the potassium channel opener diazoxide. Because these mutations are distributed throughout the molecule, our data have new implications for structure-function relationships of the K(ATP) channel, suggesting that structural elements in SUR1 outside of the two nucleotide-binding folds are also important in regulating channel activity.
Determination of sulfur compounds in high-boiling petroleum distillates by ligand-exchange thin-layer chromatography (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of sulfur compounds in high-boiling petroleum distillates by ligand-exchange thin-layer chromatographyTakashi. Kaimai and Atsushi. MatsunagaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 2, 268–270Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50024a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50024a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reactive ion beam etching of SiO2 and polycrystalline silicon (1980)

Reactive ion beam etching experiments using a collimated ion beam and the gases CF4, C2F6, and C3F8 have been conducted. At a beam current density of 0.4 mA/cm2 and ion energies from 0.5 to 1 keV the etch rates of SiO2 and polycrystalline silicon were 650 and 65 Å/min, respectively, with C2F6 and C3F8. The etch selectivity was 10 to 1 for these gases though less than 2 to 1 for CF4. No undercutting was observed using this method.
Malaria diagnosis by dipstick assay in a Honduran population with coendemic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. (1998)

A Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase dipstick designed to separately detect P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria was evaluated in two Honduran populations where both species are endemic. The dipstick was compared to thick film microscopy; the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze discordant results. The dipstick had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95% compared with microscopy in the diagnosis of Plasmodium infections in a hospital population; the mean parasite density was approximately 590/mm3. In a field sample of mostly asymptomatic volunteers, the sensitivity of the dipstick for Plasmodium infection varied with parasite density. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity of the dipstick was similar to thick film microscopy in the diagnosis of vivax malaria compared with the PCR. The dipstick was unable to detect P. vivax in the presence of P. falciparum because of cross-reactivity in the pan-specific band. Accurate species identification in mixed infections remains a problem in malaria diagnosis.
Real-time phase demodulator for optical heterodyne detection processes (1991)

A real-time, wideband phase demodulator from which phase fluctuations extending over 2 pi radians can be taken out is designed for use in optical heterodyne detection processes. A phase-locked-loop (PLL) frequency multiplier, aided by compensation circuits to produce an unwrapped phase output, plays a major role in demodulating, in real time, the rapidly fluctuating phase from a generated beat photocurrent. The fabricated demodulator operates in the range 0 to 32 pi radians, with a minimum detectable phase (MDP) of 2 pi /128.
Studies in Accelerated Oxidation of Cellulose. I—Hypochlorite Oxidation of Cellulose in Presence of Manganous Hydroxide (1971)

The oxidation of cellulose by treatment with sodium hypochlorite in the presence of different amounts of manganous hydroxide at different pH values (4·5–9·0) for a short time (10 min) has been investigated. Treatments with chlorous acid and sodium borohydride have been utilised to determine the different types of reducing and acidic groups formed in cellulose during accelerated oxidation. Manganous hydroxide has been shown to be a milder accelerant of the hypochlorite oxidation of cellulose than either leuco vat dyes or ferrous hydroxide under similar conditions.
Steers grazing endophyte-free tall fescue: seasonal changes in nutrient quality, forage intake, digesta kinetics, ruminal fermentation, and serum hormones and metabolites (1993)

Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (average BW 514 kg) grazed a 33-ha, unirrigated, endophyte-free, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pasture from April 10 through December 7, 1989. Samples were collected in May, June, September, and November 1989. Total masticate N was relatively constant (P > .10) throughout the year. Masticate in vitro OM disappearance was less (P < .05) in September (48.4%) and November (50%) than in May (60.6%) and June (56%). Ruminal NH3N concentrations (milligrams/deciliter) were greater (P < .05) during May (20.5) and June (17.8) than during September (9.4) and November (5.9). Organic matter intake (grams/kilogram of BW) and particulate passage rate (percentage/hour) were least (P < .05) in November (15.3; 2.6) and not different (P > .10) during May (23.7; 3.1), June (20.7; 3.1), and September (21.0; 3.0). Extent and rate of NDF digestion and ruminal total VFA did not differ (P > .10) across sampling dates. Serum glucose concentrations were not affected (P > .10) by sampling date, but serum urea N was greater (P < .05) during May and November than during June and September. Nonesterified fatty acid concentrations increased (P < .05) with advancing plant maturity. Serum insulin concentrations were greater (P < .05) during May than during other sampling periods; however, growth hormone concentrations were not altered (P > .10) by advancing plant maturity. Unirrigated fescue pasture maintained a high nutrient level throughout the grazing season, and masticate samples did not display the decrease in nutrient content often noted with other types of pasture forage.
Catalyst-seeded synthesis and field emission properties of flowerlike Si-doped AlN nanoneedle array (2006)

Flowerlike Si-doped AlN nanoneedle array is grown from cobalt particles seeded on Si substrate by evaporating AlCl4 and SiCl4 in NH3 atmosphere. The nanoneedles are several microns in length, and their base and tip diameters are in the range of 50–150 and 5–30nm, respectively. Field emission (FE) measurements show that the Si-doped AlN nanoneedle array has a low turn-on field (∼1.8V∕μm) and a high field enhancement factor (∼3271), indicating that it is a promising candidate for FE applications. In addition, this catalyst-seeded and Si-doped method may facilitate the development of efficient AlN nanostructure FE devices.
Impact of polymer surface affinity of novel antifouling agents (2004)

In a previous study we found two agents, the alpha(2)-agonist medetomidine ((+/-)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole) and the alpha(2)-agonist clonidine (2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)-2-imidazoline), that specifically and efficiently impede settlement of the barnacle Balanus improvisus, one of the most serious biofouling organisms in Swedish waters. Medetomidine, but not clonidine, is known to adsorb to solid polystyrene (PS) surfaces in the presence of salt, a feature that is of particular interest in attempts to develop an efficient antifouling surface. We show that medetomidine, but not clonidine, has a significant ability to adsorb to untreated (hydrophobic) PS in two different incubation media: filtered seawater (FSW) and deionized water (mQ). At negatively charged (hydrophilic) PS, medetomidine displays a strong interaction with the surface in both incubation media. At the hydrophilic PS, clonidine also displays a significant interaction with the surface when incubated in mQ and a weaker, but not significant, interaction when incubated in FSW. By studying the effects of time, incubation media, and pH on the adsorption of medetomidine and clonidine, we suggest that medetomidine is associated to hydrophobic PS by means of hydrophobic interactions, while the adsorption of medetomidine and clonidine to hydrophilic PS contains elements of electrostatic interaction. Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) we detected only weak signals from medetomidine on the hydrophobic PS surfaces, while strong medetomidine signals were observed on hydrophilic PS. This suggests that the adsorbed medetomidine, to a greater extent, desorbed from the hydrophobic rather than from the hydrophilic PS surfaces during exposure to vacuum. The strong surface affinity of medetomidine on both types of surfaces and the preserved antifouling activity are valuable features in designing a marine coating.
A retrospective comparison of smart prep and test bolus multi‐detector <scp>CT</scp> pulmonary angiography protocols (2013)

This study has found that a TBP resulted in significantly better opacification of the pulmonary trunk than the SPP.
A novel route to polypyrazoles (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel route to polypyrazolesJames A. Moore and Parag G. MehtaCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 8, 2644–2647Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00186a057Request reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (545 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Patient Perception of Treatment Burden Is High in Celiac Disease Compared With Other Common Conditions (2014)

Participants with CD have high treatment burden but also excellent overall health status in comparison with other chronic medical conditions. The significant burden of dietary therapy for CD argues for the need for safe adjuvant treatment, as well as interventions designed to lower the perceived burden of the GFD.
Efficient multiframe Wiener restoration of blurred and noisy image sequences (1992)

Computationally efficient multiframe Wiener filtering algorithms that account for both intraframe (spatial) and interframe (temporal) correlations are proposed for restoring image sequences that are degraded by both blur and noise. One is a general computationally efficient multiframe filter, the cross-correlated multiframe (CCMF) Wiener filter, which directly utilizes the power and cross power spectra of only NxN matrices, where N is the number of frames used in the restoration. In certain special cases the CCMF lends itself to a closed-form solution that does not involve any matrix inversion. A special case is the motion-compensated multiframe (MCMF) filter, where each frame is assumed to be a globally shifted version of the previous frame. In this case, the interframe correlations can be implicitly accounted for using the estimated motion information. Thus the MCMF filter requires neither explicit estimation of cross correlations among the frames nor matrix inversion. Performance and robustness results are given.
<i>THADA</i> fusion is a mechanism of IGF2BP3 activation and IGF1R signaling in thyroid cancer (2017)

Thyroid cancer development is driven by known point mutations or gene fusions found in ∼90% of cases, whereas driver mutations in the remaining tumors are unknown. The insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) plays an important role in cancer, yet the mechanisms of its activation in cancer cells remain poorly understood. Using whole-transcriptome and whole-genome analyses, we identified a recurrent fusion between the thyroid adenoma-associated (<i>THADA</i>) gene on chromosome 2 and the <i>LOC389473</i> gene on chromosome 7 located 12 kb upstream of the <i>IGF2BP3</i> gene. We show that <i>THADA</i> fusion to <i>LOC389473</i> and other regions in the vicinity does not result in the formation of a chimeric protein but instead leads to strong overexpression of the full-length IGF2BP3 mRNA and protein, increased IGF2 translation and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling via PI3K and MAPK cascades, and promotion of cell proliferation, invasion, and transformation. <i>THADA</i> fusions and IGF2BP3 overexpression are found in ∼5% of thyroid cancers that lack any other driver mutations. We also find that strong IGF2BP3 overexpression via gene fusion, amplification, or other mechanisms occurs in 5 to 15% of several other cancer types. Finally, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that growth of IGF2BP3-driven cells and tumors may be blocked by IGF1R inhibition, raising the possibility that IGF2BP3 overexpression in cancer cells may predict an anti-IGF1R benefit.
Micro-architecture of the VAX 9000 (2002)

The VAX 9000 CPU, a high-performance scalar processor with an integrated vector facility, is discussed. The implementation of the macropipeline found in the four major subsystems of the VAX 9000 is highlighted. The subsystems are the instruction fetch and decode unit (IBOX), the execution unit (EBOX), the data cache and main memory interface (MBOX), and the vector processing unit (VBOX). IBOX combines a 1-cycle access virtual instruction cache with a 25-B instruction buffer and an instruction decode crossbar. The VAX 9000 EBOX performs all scalar operations. It is a pipelined design incorporating a microsequencer to control functional unit operation. The MBOX of the VAX 9000 is the primary source of memory data, and so it is the home of the actual address translation buffer and the data cache. It is multiported and pipelined with two autonomous pipeline segments. The VBOX is an optional arithmetic unit which accelerates arithmetic-intensive code applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reconstitution of nuclear factor kappa B activation induced by tumor necrosis factor requires membrane-associated components. Comparison with pathway activated by ceramide. (1994)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is known to induce the activation of a nuclear transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in a wide variety of cell types. The post-receptor binding events that culminate in TNF-dependent NF-kappa B activation are not understood. To dissect this pathway, we developed a reconstitution system consisting of membrane, cytosolic, and post-nuclear fractions. Our results indicate that when incubated with the post-nuclear fraction derived from TNF-untreated cells, the membrane fraction from TNF-treated cells causes the activation of NF-kappa B with kinetics similar to that observed in intact cells. Under these conditions, the cytosolic fraction has no effect. This activation is tyrosine kinase-dependent since erbstatin completely abolished the effect. Furthermore, as revealed by immunoblotting, no degradation of the inhibitory subunit of NF-kappa B was observed. In this reconstitution system, we can also demonstrate the activation of NF-kappa B by ceramide, but this activation is not tyrosine kinase-dependent. Overall, our results indicate that intermediates required for NF-kappa B activation by TNF or ceramide are membrane-bound, but the mechanism of activation by TNF is most likely different from that of ceramide.
Ly-6C is a marker of memory CD8+ T cells (1995)

This study examined long-term phenotypic and functional effects of TCR ligation in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis of T cells from mice treated with anti-CD3 revealed an increase in CD44 expression in both the CD4+ and CD8+ populations. The phenotypic changes were a result of TCR engagement, because treatment with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) resulted in a preferential increase in CD44 expression on the SEB-reactive V beta 8 T cells. In addition, the percentage of cells expressing Ly-6C increased among the CD8+ subset after anti-CD3 treatment and in the V beta 8+ CD8+ subset after treatment with SEB. Finally, the TCR transgenic (Tg) mouse strain 2C was used to confirm that the phenotypic changes can be induced by exposure to a physiologic ligand (H-2Ld). Before treatment, nearly all of the Tg+CD8+ cells were CD44low/Ly-6C-. Tg+ peritoneal exudate T cells isolated from mice challenged with P815 cells (H-2Ld) up-regulated Ly-6C and secreted higher levels of IFN-gamma on a per Tg+ CD8+ T cell basis after treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that in vivo TCR/CD3 engagement results in phenotypic and functional changes in T cells. Furthermore, Ly-6C expression correlates with an increase in IFN-gamma production after antigenic stimulation of CD8+ T cells, suggesting that it is a "memory" marker that correlates with Ag-specific functional changes in CD8+ T cells.
Innovative packaging concepts for ultra thin integrated circuits (2001)

The increasing demand on miniaturized and flat packaging technologies is driven by the trend towards small and portable electronic systems. Due to the requirements of modern Ball Grid Arrays, Smart Cards or Chip Size Packages thickness of integrated circuits has been reduced considerably compared with original wafer thickness. Driven by this evolution, the Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration has advanced its wafer thinning technology down to a residual silicon thickness of 20 /spl mu/m and below. Because of low height, low topography of assembled chips and mechanical flexibility, these chips are ideal for integration in thin and bendable systems or vertically stacked systems. The advantages of thin ICs open a large field of new and interesting applications in microelectronics. However wafer thinning has its impact on subsequent assembly process. Dicing, handling, mounting and interconnection processes of thin ICs has to fulfil particular requirements, but also offers new and innovative solutions. These are investigated and discussed in this paper.
Involvement of the Mannose Phosphotransferase System of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> WCFS1 in Peroxide Stress Tolerance (2010)

A Lactobacillus plantarum strain with a deletion in the gene rpoN, encoding the alternative sigma factor 54 (sigma(54)), displayed a 100-fold-higher sensitivity to peroxide than its parental strain. This feature could be due to sigma(54)-dependent regulation of genes involved in the peroxide stress response. However, transcriptome analyses of the wild type and the mutant strain during peroxide exposure did not support such a role for sigma(54). Subsequent experiments revealed that the impaired expression of the mannose phosphotransferase system (PTS) operon in the rpoN mutant caused the observed increased peroxide sensitivity.