gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sense-strand mRNA amplification by comparative quantitative PCR (2004)

We have validated an optimized sense-strand RNA amplification method for use in comparative studies such as two-color microarrays.
Indexing iris images using the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (2010)

In most biometric identification systems, the input biometric data has to be compared against that of every identity in the database in order to determine the identity of the input. A major problem with this approach is the impact on response time which can increase significantly with the size of the database. In certain applications such as real time monitoring, this delay may not be acceptable. In this work, we propose a method for indexing iris images for rapid identity retrieval. Every entry in the database is assigned an index code based on which a small subset is retrieved and matched in response to a query. The basis of our approach is the sorted context property of the Burrows Wheeler Transform, a popular transformation used in data compression. Experiments on the CASIA version 3 iris database show a significant reduction in both search time and search space.
Differential Activation of Protein Kinase B and p70S6K by Glucose and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 in Pancreatic β-Cells (INS-1) (2001)

It has been shown that IGF-1-induced pancreatic beta-cell proliferation is glucose-dependent; however, the mechanisms responsible for this glucose dependence are not known. Adenoviral mediated expression of constitutively active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in the pancreatic beta-cells, INS-1, suggested that PI3K was not necessary for glucose-induced beta-cell proliferation but was required for IGF-1-induced mitogenesis. Examination of the signaling components downstream of PI3K, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1, protein kinase B (PKB), glycogen synthase kinase-3, and p70-kDa-S6-kinase (p70(S6K)), suggested that a major part of glucose-dependent beta-cell proliferation requires activation of mammalian target of rapamycin/p70(S6K), independent of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1/PKB activation. Adenoviral expression of the kinase-dead form of PKB in INS-1 cells decreased IGF-1-induced beta-cell proliferation. However, a surprisingly similar decrease was also observed in adenoviral wild type and constitutively active PKB-infected cells. Upon analysis of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/ERK2), an increase in ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation activation by glucose and IGF-1 was observed in kinase-dead PKB-infected cells, but this phosphorylation activation was inhibited in the constitutively active PKB-infected cells. Hence, there is a requirement for the activation of both ERK1/ERK2 and mammalian target of rapamycin/p70(S6K) signal transduction pathways for a full commitment to glucose-induced pancreatic beta-cell mitogenesis. However, for IGF-1-induced activation, these pathways must be carefully balanced, because chronic activation of one (PI3K/PKB) can lead to dampening of the other (ERK1/2), reducing the mitogenic response.
Acceleration of vortex methods calculation using MDGRAPE-2 and MDGRAPE-3: A comparative study (1970)

The calculation of vortex method has been accelerated by using special-purpose computers, MDGRAPE-2 and MDGRAPE-3, respectively. The similar algorithm has been implemented and the improvement in speed of MDGRAPE-2 was 100 times while MDGRAPE-3 was 1000 times faster when compared with the ordinary PC Xeon 5160(3.0GHz) for N=106. In addition, the speed of MDGRAPE-3 was 25 times faster compared with MDGRAPE-2. The round off errors have been investigated in both cases. Keywords: Vortex Method, Special-Purpose Computer, MDGRAPE-2, MDGRAPE-3, Scaling Error DOI: 10.3329/diujst.v4i1.4351 Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology Vol.4(1) 2009 pp.23-27
Structural modification of cell wall mannans of Candida albicans serotype A strains grown in yeast extract-Sabouraud liquid medium under acidic conditions (1994)

The cell wall mannans of two Candida albicans serotype A strains, NIH A-207 and J-1012 (abbreviated as A and J strains, respectively), cultured in yeast extract-Sabouraud liquid medium at pH 2.0, contained neither a phosphate group nor a beta-1,2-linked mannopyranose unit (H. Kobayashi, P. Giummelly, S. Takahashi, M. Ishida, J. Sato, M. Takaku, Y. Nishidate, N. Shibata, Y. Okawa, and S. Suzuki, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175:1003-1009, 1991). In this study, the mannans obtained from A and J strains grown in pH 2.0 medium (abbreviated as mannans A2 and J2, respectively) exhibited quite different reactivities against rabbit anti-C. albicans and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae sera compared with those of mannans from the corresponding strains cultured in conventional medium at pH 5.9 (abbreviated as mannans A and J, respectively). Namely, mannans A2 and J2 lost reactivity against the former serum but reacted with the latter serum to a higher extent than mannans A and J. In order to account for these difference in more detail, mannans A2 and J2 were subjected to acetolysis. Elution profiles of the acetolysates were completely different from those of acetolysates obtained from mannans A and J reported in our previous papers. The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the oligosaccharides from mannans A2 and J2 obtained by this procedure indicate that the side chains are composed of alpha-linked mannopyranose units densely linked to the alpha-1,6-linked backbone. The long side chains containing one alpha-1,3-linked mannopyranose unit are markedly increased.
Ceramic transactions: Sol-gel science and technology. Volume 55 (1995)

This book contains papers which were presented at the First International Symposium on Sol-Gel Science and Technology. Papers were presented under the following topics: sol-gel technology; precursor chemistry and structural science; processing of monolithic gels; electronic and optical films; hybrids and nanocomposites; novel devices and applications. Individual projects have been processed separately for the U.S. Department of Energy databases.
EGCG inhibits growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis of pancreatic cancer (2007)

We have shown that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic compound from green tea, inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells. However, the preclinical potential of EGCG in a suitable mouse model has not been examined. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms by which EGCG inhibited growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of human pancreatic cancer cells in a xenograft model system. EGCG inhibited viability, capillary tube formation and migration of HUVEC, and these effects were further enhanced in the presence of an ERK inhibitor. In vivo, AsPC-1 xenografted tumors treated with EGCG showed significant reduction in volume, proliferation (Ki-67 and PCNA staining), angiogenesis (vWF, VEGF and CD31) and metastasis (MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 and MMP-12) and induction in apoptosis (TUNEL), caspase-3 activity and growth arrest (p21/WAF1). EGCG also inhibited circulating endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) positive endothelial cells derived from xenografted mice. Tumor samples from EGCG treated mice showed significantly reduced ERK activity, and enhanced p38 and JNK activities. Overall, our data suggest that EGCG inhibits pancreatic cancer growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, and thus could be used for the management of pancreatic cancer prevention and treatment.
THE THEORY AND DESIGN OF TWO TYPES OF PORTABLE SEISMOGRAPH (1950)

The sensitivity of optical recorders is derived by considering the power required to maintain a critically damped, suspended mirror in angular oscillations of sufficient amplitude to displace the reflected beam through an angle comparable with the width of the diffraction maximum. For a thin mirror, this power is simply related to its dimensions, and to the natural frequency of the suspension. The power which a seismometer can develop from ground motion of given amplitude is related to the suspended mass and its natural frequency. Combining these results, it is found that a seismometer mass of a few hundred grams is sufficient to detect ground motion of 10-7 cm. without using an excessively small mirror in the recorder. Modern movingcoil galvanometers have sensitivities approaching the limit imposed by the inertia of the mirror, so that small electromagnetic seismographs are theoretically capable of providing the highest sensitivity required in the field. Moving-coil seismometers are compared with variable-reluctance instruments, and it is decided that the former type would be more convenient in the field. Descriptions are included of seismometers having natural periods of 0. 5 sec. and of I sec. respectively. Both instruments can be adapted for horizontal or vertical operation, and are fitted into watertight cases. Tolerance to changes of level is sufficient to enable the seismometers to be left buried in soft ground, and a method of calibrating the buried instruments is described.
Drug delivery with microsecond laser pulses into gelatin (1996)

Photo acoustic drug delivery is a technique for localized drug delivery by laser-induced hydrodynamic pressure following cavitation bubble expansion and collapse. Photoacoustic drug delivery was investigated on gelatin-based thrombus models with planar and cylindrical geometries by use of one microsecond laser pulses. Solutions of a hydrophobic dye in mineral oil permitted monitoring of delivered colored oil into clear gelatin-based thrombus models. Cavitation bubble development and photoacoustic drug delivery were visualized with flash photography. This study demonstrated that cavitation is the governing mechanism for photoacoustic drug delivery, and the deepest penetration of colored oil in gels followed the bubble collapse. Spatial distribution measurements revealed that colored oil could be driven a few millimeters into the gels in both axial and radial directions, and the penetration was less than 500 µm when the gelatin structure was not fractured.
A complete and extendable approach to visual recognition (1992)

A framework for 3D object recognition is presented. Its flexibility and extensibility are accomplished through a uniform, parallel, and modular recognition architecture. Concurrent and stacked parameter transforms reconstruct a variety of features from the input scene. At each stage, constraint satisfaction networks collect and fuse the evidence obtained through the parameter transforms, ensuring a globally consistent interpretation of the input scene and allowing for the integration of diverse types of information. The final interpretation of the scene is a small consistent subset of the many initial hypotheses about partial features, primitive features, feature assemblies, and 3D objects computed by the various parameter transforms. A complete, integrated, and implemented system that extracts planar surfaces, patches of quadrics of revolution, and planar intersection curves of these surfaces from a depth map viewing 3D objects is described. Experimental results on the recognition behavior of the system are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The value of computed tomography scanning for the detection of coronary artery disease in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2010)

Coronary calcification, as assessed by routine CT of the chest, has very good performance characteristics in predicting underlying significant coronary artery disease in patients with IPF. The routine availability of this study enables the ready screening for coronary artery disease in IPF patients.
Antiretroviral Treatment with Efavirenz Disrupts the Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and Increases Stroke Severity (2016)

The introduction of antiretroviral drugs (ARVd) changed the prognosis of HIV infection from a deadly disease to a chronic disease. However, even with undetectable viral loads, patients still develop a wide range of pathologies, including cerebrovascular complications and stroke. It is hypothesized that toxic side effects of ARVd may contribute to these effects. To address this notion, we evaluated the impact of several non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI; Efavirenz, Etravirine, Rilpivirine and Nevirapine) on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, and their impact on severity of stroke. Among studied drugs, Efavirenz, but not other NNRTIs, altered claudin-5 expression, increased endothelial permeability, and disrupted the blood-brain barrier integrity. Importantly, Efavirenz exposure increased the severity of stroke in a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Taken together, these results indicate that selected ARVd can exacerbate HIV-associated cerebrovascular pathology. Therefore, careful consideration should be taken when choosing an anti-retroviral therapy regimen.
Continuous Melt‐Drawing of Highly Aligned Flexible and Stretchable Semiconducting Microfibers for Organic Electronics (2017)

Abstract A scalable and green approach to manufacture semiconducting microfibers from polymer melts has been demonstrated. The polymer chains are highly aligned along the microfiber's long axis direction and exhibit highly anisotropic optical properties. In addition, the polymer microfibers show good flexibility and stretchability with a yield point around 10% under a reversible stress and can be stretched up to 180% without breaking. These features are desired for future flexible, stretchable, and conformable electronics. The origin of this stretchability is studied with diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives using different conjugation break spacers and side chains. In addition, stretchable conducting microfibers can be obtained by doping with FeCl 3 , which are further evaluated as organic conductors and source/drain electrodes in organic field‐effect transistors.
Curcumin and Its Carbocyclic Analogs: Structure-Activity in Relation to Antioxidant and Selected Biological Properties (2013)

Curcumin is the major phenolic compound present in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Curcumin and 15 novel analogs were investigated for their antioxidant and selected biological activities. Strong relationships between the structure and evaluated activity revealed that the compounds with specific functional groups and carbon skeleton had specific biological profiles. Among the compounds tested, the derivatives (E)-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-((E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)cyclopentanone (3e), and (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-((E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)-cyclopentanone (3d) and the parent compound curcumin exhibited the strongest free radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity. Concerning the other biological activities studied the compound (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-((E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acryloyl)cyclopentanone (3d) was the most potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, while the derivatives (E)-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-6-((E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl)cyclohexanone (2b), (E)-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-6-((E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)cyclohexanone (2e) and (E)-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-((E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)cyclopentanone (3e) exhibited strong tyrosinase inhibition. Moreover, (E)-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-6-((E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-acryloyl)cyclohexanone (2e) was also found to be the strongest human HIV-1 protease inhibitor in vitro among the tested compounds. Cytotoxicity studies using normal human lung cells revealed that the novel curcumin as well as its carbocyclic analogs are not toxic.
Myocardial injection of CA promoter‐based plasmid mediates efficient transgene expression in rat heart (2003)

Transgene expression mediated by naked CA promoter-based plasmid injection was shown to be quite efficient in the heart. We propose that the CA promoter vector is suitable for myocardial gene therapy.
Respiratory rate and severity of illness in babies under 6 months old. (1990)

This paper defines the normal range of respiratory rate in babies under 6 months of age. It was counted by two observers in 1007 babies of whom 709 were seen when presenting to hospital for assessment of an acute illness, and 298 on a random basis at home. Whether they were asleep, content, or crying was recorded and the severity of their illness graded. The diagnosis was also recorded. The mean (SD) for the respiratory rate in babies seen awake was 61 (18) breaths/minute at hospital and 61 (14) breaths/minute at home. The respiratory rate when awake did not correlate with the severity of a baby's illness or the presence of serious lower respiratory tract infections. Sleeping babies had a significantly lower mean rate than awake babies at 42 (12) breaths/minute. Crying babies had a significantly lower mean rate than awake and content babies: 51 (14) breaths/minute compared with 61 (18) breaths/minute.
Richter, Manfred: Internationale Bibliographie der Farbenlehre und Ihrer Grenzgebiete (1964)

"Richter, Manfred: Internationale Bibliographie der Farbenlehre und Ihrer Grenzgebiete." Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, 11(2), p. 171
REACTION OF A FUNCTIONALIZED NITRONE WITH THIOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 5-ACYLAMINOTHIAZOLES (1985)

Abstract Reaction of N-(1-cyanoalkyl)-α-phenylnitrones with thiocarboxylic acids offers a simple new route to 2-phenyl-4-alkyl-5-acylaminothiazoles.
Sensitive detection of loss of heterozygosity in theTP53 gene in pancreatic adenocarcinoma by fluorescence-based single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis using blunt-end DNA fragments (1996)

We have developed a fluorescence-based single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis to detect Haelil-sensitive polymorphic sites in intron 1 of the TP53 gene. It is important to treat the PCR products with Klenow fragment to remove a 3'-protruding nucleotide from the amplified DNA fragments added during the reaction in order to obtain a single peak for each allele. A comparison of the signal profiles of two alleles with those of normal heterozygotes by data processing using computer software has enabled sensitive detection of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) from clinical materials with a fraction of tumor cells below 10%. In analysis of 14 pancreatic carcinomas in which the proportion of the tumor cells is usually low due to the abundance of the stromal component, 7 samples (50%) were informative and 5 of the 7 (71.4 %) were positive for LOH at the TP53 locus. This approach would be useful for allelotyping tumors with low cellularity, as well as other clinical samples such as biopsied specimens and paraffin embedded tissues.
Signal transduction from cell surface to nucleus in development and disease (1992)

Recent studies indicate that extracellular signals affect cell proliferation and differentiation by modulating transcription factor activity via protein phosphorylation cascades. This review discusses the basic outline of the eukaryotic signal transduction systems used to transmit information from the cell surface to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus. Several examples that illustrate how these pathways control cell proliferation, differentiation and development are discussed.
Bacterial Persistence (2005)

The persistence phenotype is an epigenetic trait exhibited by a subpopulation of bacteria, characterized by slow growth coupled with an ability to survive antibiotic treatment. The phenotype is acquired via a spontaneous, reversible switch between normal and persister cells. These observations suggest that clonal bacterial populations may use persister cells, whose slow division rate under growth conditions leads to lower population fitness, as an "insurance policy" against antibiotic encounters. We present a model of Escherichia coli persistence, and using experimentally derived parameters for both wild type and a mutant strain (hipQ) with markedly different switching rates, we show how fitness loss due to slow persister growth pays off as a risk-reducing strategy. We demonstrate that wild-type persistence is suited for environments in which antibiotic stress is a rare event. The optimal rate of switching between normal and persister cells is found to depend strongly on the frequency of environmental changes and only weakly on the selective pressures of any given environment. In contrast to typical examples of adaptations to features of a single environment, persistence appears to constitute an adaptation that is tuned to the distribution of environmental change.
Using Probabilistic Movement Primitives in Analyzing Human Motion Differences Under Transcranial Current Stimulation (2021)

In medical tasks such as human motion analysis, computer-aided auxiliary systems have become the preferred choice for human experts for their high efficiency. However, conventional approaches are typically based on user-defined features such as movement onset times, peak velocities, motion vectors, or frequency domain analyses. Such approaches entail careful data post-processing or specific domain knowledge to achieve a meaningful feature extraction. Besides, they are prone to noise and the manual-defined features could hardly be re-used for other analyses. In this paper, we proposed <i>probabilistic movement primitives</i> (ProMPs), a widely-used approach in robot skill learning, to model human motions. The benefit of ProMPs is that the features are directly learned from the data and ProMPs can capture important features describing the trajectory shape, which can easily be extended to other tasks. Distinct from previous research, where classification tasks are mostly investigated, we applied ProMPs together with a variant of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to quantify the effect of different <i>transcranial current stimulation</i> methods on human motions. We presented an initial result with 10 participants. The results validate ProMPs as a robust and effective feature extractor for human motions.
Comparing Elo, Glicko, IRT, and Bayesian IRT Statistical Models for Educational and Gaming Data (2019)

Statistical models used for estimating skill or ability levels often vary by field, however their underlying mathematical models can be very similar. Differences in the underlying models can be due to the need to accommodate data with different underlying formats and structure. As the models from varying fields increase in complexity, their ability to be applied to different types of data may have the ability to increase. Models that are applied to educational or psychological data have advanced to accommodate a wide range of data formats, including increased estimation accuracy with sparsely populated data matrices. Conversely, the field of online gaming has expanded over the last two decades to include the use of more complex statistical models to provide real-time game matching based on ability estimates. It can be useful to see how statistical models from educational and gaming fields compare as different datasets may benefit from different ability estimation procedures. This study compared statistical models typically used in game match making systems (Elo, Glicko) to models used in psychometric modeling (item response theory and Bayesian item response theory) using both simulated data and real data under a variety of conditions. Results indicated that conditions with small numbers of items or matches had the most accurate skill estimates using the Bayesian IRT (item response theory) one-parameter logistic (1PL) model, regardless of whether educational or gaming data were used. This held true for all sample sizes with small numbers of items. However, the Elo and the non-Bayesian IRT 1PL models were close to the Bayesian IRT 1PL model’s estimations for both gaming and educational data. While the 2PL models were not shown to be accurate for the gaming study conditions, the IRT 2PL and Bayesian IRT 2PL models outperformed the 1PL models when 2PL educational data were generated with the larger sample size and item condition. Overall, the Bayesian IRT 1PL model seemed to be the best choice across the smaller sample and match size conditions.