gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical frequency standards (1989)

Frequency standards operating in the optical range promise very low frequency uncertainties due to the high spectral resolution and the small sensitivity to external fields. Basic ideas and concepts for the development of optical frequency standards are reviewed with emphasis to laser cooling and ion storing. Utilizing cooled absorbers, potential fractional frequency uncertainties below 10/sup -15/ are envisaged. Phase-coherent frequency measurements of laser radiation at lambda =3.39 mu m and a concept for an extension towards the visible range are discussed. A Ca optical frequency stabilized to the intercombination line ( lambda approximately=657 nm) utilizing Ramsey excitation of a single recoil component is described. The present estimated fractional uncertainty to find the Ca line center is about 2.3*10/sup -12/. It can probably be improved significantly by reducing phase shifts of the Ramsey excitation and by atomic beam cooling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel Hypotensive Agents from <i>Verbesina </i><i>c</i><i>aracasana</i>. 8. Synthesis and Pharmacology of (3,4-Dimethoxycinnamoyl)-<i>N</i>-agmatine and Synthetic Analogues<sup>1</sup> (2001)

The more polar metabolites from the Venezuelan plant Verbesina caracasana, i.e., N(3)-prenylagmatine, (3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-N(1)-agmatine, agmatine, and galegine (prenylguanidine), previously reported (Delle Monache, G.; et al. BioMed. Chem. Lett. 1999, 9, 3249-3254), have been synthesized following a biosynthetic strategy. The pharmacologic profiles of various synthetic analogues of (3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-N(1)-agmatine (G5) were also analyzed, to shed some light on the structure-activity relationship of these compounds. Derivatives with the (E)-configuration and/or with a p-methoxybenzoyl moiety were found to be responsible for higher hypotensive effects, which were associated with a slight and, in some cases, not dose-related increase of cardiac inotropism, with variable and not significant chronotopic responses, and, only at higher doses, with effects of respiratory depression. Either an increase (to six) or a decrease (to two) of the number of methylene groups in the alkyl chain of (E)-G5 did not change blood pressure responses, while slightly increasing the positive inotropic ones. At pharmacological doses, all the studied compounds showed hypotensive and slight positive inotropic effects without relevant chronotropic and respiratory actions.
Platelet microparticles infiltrating solid tumors transfer miRNAs that suppress tumor growth (2017)

Platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) are associated with enhancement of metastasis and poor cancer outcomes. Circulating PMPs transfer platelet microRNAs (miRNAs) to vascular cells. Solid tumor vasculature is highly permeable, allowing the possibility of PMP-tumor cell interaction. Here, we show that PMPs infiltrate solid tumors in humans and mice and transfer platelet-derived RNA, including miRNAs, to tumor cells in vivo and in vitro, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. MiR-24 was a major species in this transfer. PMP transfusion inhibited growth of both lung and colon carcinoma ectopic tumors, whereas blockade of miR-24 in tumor cells accelerated tumor growth in vivo, and prevented tumor growth inhibition by PMPs. Conversely, <i>Par4</i>-deleted mice, which had reduced circulating microparticles (MPs), supported accelerated tumor growth which was halted by PMP transfusion. PMP targeting was associated with tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. We identified direct RNA targets of platelet-derived miR-24 in tumor cells, which included mitochondrial <i>mt-Nd2</i>, and <i>Snora75</i>, a noncoding small nucleolar RNA. These RNAs were suppressed in PMP-treated tumor cells, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and growth inhibition, in an miR-24-dependent manner. Thus, platelet-derived miRNAs transfer in vivo to tumor cells in solid tumors via infiltrating MPs, regulate tumor cell gene expression, and modulate tumor progression. These findings provide novel insight into mechanisms of horizontal RNA transfer and add multiple layers to the regulatory roles of miRNAs and PMPs in tumor progression. Plasma MP-mediated transfer of regulatory RNAs and modulation of gene expression may be a common feature with important outcomes in contexts of enhanced vascular permeability.
Distributed Phase Correction Technique (2013)

We broadly use the term phase alignment to encompass the repositioning of edges in one signal with respect to edges in another ``reference'' signal. This paper introduces a phase alignment block, and exemplifies its operation in a couple of separate contexts. A recurring theme in these contexts is the use of phase alignment via temporal- and spatial-mixing/multiplexing. We term both forms of mixing as performing ``distributed'' phase correction. The distinguishing feature in these contexts is the employment of the phase alignment block to either enhance or add additional functionality to conventional timing blocks. In the context of a voltage controlled delay line for a delay locked loop (DLL), we examine how the distributed mixing reduces both jitter and duty cycle disturbances. And in the context of a phase error detector and correction block for a phase locked loop (PLL), we examine how distributed coupling adds a design dimension in terms of trading off phase correction gain versus cycle jitter.
Proxy-based recovery for applications on wireless hand-held devices (2002)

The low communication bandwidth, slow processor and limited memory of hand-held devices make it undesirable for them to store their own checkpoints or send process state information over a wireless network. The paper describes an approach to failure recovery for three-tier client and server application environments where the client applications execute on wireless handheld devices. The key idea is to have the middle-tier proxy transparently monitor the client's interaction with the back-end server and continuously maintain a copy of the client's state based on messages exchanged between the client and the server. The proxy also sustains the client's connection to the back-end server when a client unexpectedly disconnects. The client does not participate in checkpointing nor message logging, thereby saving power, processor cycles and bandwidth. The proxy is scalable and enhances backend server performance. Experimental results are provided for recovery time and runtime overhead.
Molecular approaches to DNA diagnosis (1989)

The DNA of a parasite is the ultimate blueprint of that parasite, the one characteristic which normally remains unchanged during every stage of the life-cycle. All the DNA sequence in the egg of a species of parasite are also in the larvae and adults of the same species. The same DNA is present in the parasite whether it is in a free-living stage, in an invertebrate vector or in a vertebrate host such as man. The molecular basis for DNA diagnosis is to allow labelled single-stranded species or strain-specific DNA sequences, selected from well-characterized reference species, to find and hybridize with homologous DNA from, or in, the unknown isolates of parasites. DNA probes are now available for most vector borne parasitic diseases. Parasitological identification problems are mostly concerned with distinguishing closely related strains or subspecies, for example detecting Taenia solium eggs as opposed to T. saginata eggs, or finding which of the 15 man-infecting subspecies of Leishmania is present in a single cutaneous lesion, the commonest clinical sign of the disease, or in a sandfly. For efficient hybridization by the present methods there has to be enough of a particular sequence present in a parasite's genome to make a feasible target. Therefore, DNA probes for parasites have been selected from repetitive, reiterated or multicopy DNA with intrinsic extensive sequence variation. DNA, which is free of coding restraint, can evolve rapidly to give differences between species, so that introns, ribosome gene spacers, variant genes, pseudo-genes and non-conserved DNA have all been used for DNA diagnosis. The major problems of sequence selection have been greatly aided by the use of recombinant DNA methods, which have the added advantage of economical production of DNA probes. The unique characteristics of kinetoplast mini-circle DNA in Leishmania has allowed the selection of a complex species, subspecies, strain and even isolate-specific DNA probes. These have been used successfully for Southern filter endonuclease fragment DNA identification, for dot-blot recognition of less than 200 parasites and non-radioactive detection of DNA sequence homology by 'in situ' hybridization and light microscopy in a single Leishmania cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Roundoff noise analysis in digital systems for arbitrary sampling rate conversion. (2003)

In this brief, the impact of finite-signal wordlengths on the performance of digital systems for arbitrary sampling rate conversion (ASRC), where input and output sampling rates are derived from independent clock generators, is investigated. For two different efficient realizations of ASRC the noise power due to both, input/output quantization and multiplication roundoff errors, is determined as a function of the signal wordlengths and system parameters, respectively. The obtained system degradation, estimated on basis of the standard model of quantization by rounding, is verified by simulation. As a result, simple design rules for the appropriate selection of the various ASRC-inherent signal wordlengths are given subject to the required system performance.
Comparison of Urea and Protein Meals as Nitrogen Sources for Rumen Micro-Organisms: Urea Utilization and Cellulose Digestion (1954)

In vitro experiments comparing urea with soybean, linseed, cotton-seed and corn gluten meals indicated the superiority of urea as a nitrogen source in promoting cellulose digestion by rumen micro-organisms. The utilization of urea in 1:1 mixtures with various feed proteins was very efficient, and its presence in such mixtures improved cellulose digestion above that observed with the feed proteins alone. The data indicate that the availability of nitrogen from protein or non-protein sources is of great importance to efficient cellulose digestion. An increase in the level of urea used as a sole source of nitrogen resulted in an increase in cellulose digestion as well as in the amount of urea utilized. A level of urea was reached above which the concentration of free ammonia apparently inhibited both urea utilization and cellulose digestion.
Three Simplified Estrus Synchronization Programs for Hawai'i's Beef Breeding Season (2007)

Prostaglandins aid estrus syncronization in an artificial insemination program for cattle. Three protocols for their use as tested on a University of Hawaii herd are briefly described.
Intelligent information inquiring system supported by multimedia technology (2002)

Multimedia technology is an information technology which has developed very rapidly in recent years. It establishes the relationship between text, image (graph) and speech information by using computer technology. It integrates these information processing systems into a mutual system. We introduce an intelligent information inquiring system supported by multimedia technology. The system queries the knowledge base using text, image and speech media. The user can have different representations of the same semantic content. The system produces answers which have substantial content and form, and it can enlarge its knowledge base conveniently through learning.
Subclasses of IgG H chain expressed in the rheumatoid synovium. (1990)

A complementary DNA (cDNA) library was constructed from a 72 year-old patient's synovium removed at surgery of the left knee replacement. The number of independent clones was found to be 1.1 x 10(6). Eighty-seven (0.3%) positive plaques were obtained from 30,000 plaques of this library using a genomic probe containing a constant region of IgG1. In these positive plaques, ten independent clones were purified and the subclasses were identified by DNA sequences near the "Hinge" region. Seven clones were identified as gamma 2, two clones as gamma 1 and one clone as gamma 4 respectively. Measurement of the serum IgG subclasses in this patient indicated increased IgG2. We conclude that some patients of rheumatoid arthritis exhibit an increased level of a unique IgG subclass.
Liberty versus Property? Cracks in the Foundations of Copyright Law (2004)

Many modern intellectual property scholars have argued that the creation of patents and copyrights, for inventions and writings, respectively, should be resisted on the ground that these forms of property necessarily infringe ordinary forms of liberty, in contrast to property that is found in tangible things. This article rejects that claim by showing how property conflicts with liberty in both settings, but that the different configurations of rights observed in these various areas is defensible on the ground that the loss of liberty for all persons is, to the extent that human institutions can make it, compensated by the increased utility generated by the various property rights in question. The appropriate approach to intellectual property is not abolition but fine-tuning in an effort to increase the gains from intellectual property generally.
Double life of medical journals: Dr Paper and Mr Web. (2006)

Scientific journals of today are indeed split between two forms of existence: paper and electronic. Although many are foreseeing the end of the paper journals (1,2), we believe that the future of scientific journals will see the evolution of paper and electronic form as two complementary systems of communication in science and medicine. Freely available digital information and the speed of searching the global repositories of scientific knowledge are great assets and now an indispensable part of research and medical practice (3). Electronic dissemination of information and scientific results is particularly important for small and developing scientific communities, such as the one in Croatia (4). We were aware of this very early in the life of the Croatian Medical Journal (CMJ) and have tried to ride the tide of electronic revolution. Now is the time to master a few new elements of electronic publishing. So far, we have had to master tagging of the bibliographical information in the language that allows full search on the PubMed. After we accepted the mandate to send data in such a format to the PubMed and systematically implemented XML to our journal, with the support the grant from the Croatian Ministry of Science. We also shared our experience with editors and researchers in Croatia, as the part of our educational activities (5). We also successfully linked all PubMed entries to the full text of the articles published in the CMJ, meaning that now the reader can obtain a full-text article from the CMJ just by clicking on the icon to the left of the PubMed reference. Most recently, we have subscribed to the Google Analytical Service to monitor activities on our website for free. The data collected for the last two months (Table 1) show that most of our web-visitors access the Journal’s website directly by typing in the home-page address. Many access it also through Google, Yahoo, FreeMedicalJournals.com (website dedicated to the promotion of free access to medical journals over the Internet), and EBSCO (library service providing link and coverage information to more than 99 000 titles). The statistics for the last two month shows that about 45% of visitors are the returning visitors and come from all over the world, but mostly from Europe.



Table 1

Search engines bringing visitors to the website of the Croatian Medical Journal (www.cmj.hr)* in December 2005 and January 2006 (report from Google Analytics Service)



For a small journal and small scientific community, we have achieved good international visibility, but we still have some electronic leaps to make toward better service to our readers and authors.
Harmonic distortion in 1.55-μm vertical-cavity lasers (2000)

We investigate second and third order harmonics in the analog modulation response of InP-GaAs fused 1.55-μm vertical-cavity lasers (VCLs). These devices exhibit the lowest threshold current as well as the highest temperature of continuous-wave operation of any electrically pumped long wavelength VCL. Near the resonance frequency, harmonic distortion is dominated by electron-photon interaction, and it is close to the distortion measured with in-plane lasers. At low frequencies, distortions seem to be dominated by carrier transport effects. At 1 GHz modulation frequency, we measure a maximum spur-free dynamic range of 64 dB Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> 2/ for second-order harmonic distortion and 81-dB Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 3/ for third-order harmonic distortion.
Process Temperature–Dependent Mechanical Properties of Polysilicon Measured Using a Novel Tensile Test Structure (2007)

A new test structure was developed to measure three major unknown mechanical parameters of deposited thin films, i.e., fracture strength, Young's modulus, and residual stress. The structure was designed to have plural specimens of a deposited thin film bridging the gap of the silicon substrate and enables the easy and efficient tensile testing of the film. It was used to measure those parameters of various polysilicon films. Polysilicon is commonly used as a structural material of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) after being deposited at a temperature below 600 degC and annealed at a temperature around 1000 degC to remove the residual stress. On the other hand, polysilicon can be also deposited at a temperature higher than 600 degC. The three parameters of polysilicon films depend on process temperature and were evaluated using the new test structure. Concerning the strength, films deposited at 560 degC had the highest strength when annealed at 850 degC. Films deposited at 625 degC and annealed at 1050 degC were weaker than those deposited at 560 degC and annealed at 1050 degC. Young's modulus was found to behave in a similar way. The trend of the residual stress was the same as already reported, but its local evaluation was possible in combination with the tensile strength determination
Capturing a [c2]daisy chain using the threading-followed-by-swelling approach (2007)

We have used the "threading-followed-by-swelling" approach to fix a daisy chain structure in solution, leading to the isolation of a captured [c2]daisy chain in 77% yield.
Vertical Injection Thin Film Deep Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes with AlGaN Multiple-Quantum Wells Active Region (2009)

Vertically conducting thin film high power deep ultraviolet (DUV) light emitting diodes with peak emission wavelength of 280 nm are reported. The light emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated using a laser assisted lift-off process. Single chip devices exhibited a record high output power of 5.5 mW at a continuous-wave (cw) current density of only 25 A/cm2. Their lifetime is estimated to be well over 2000 h. We attribute the superior performance of the devices to reduced thermal impedance and the vertical current conduction device geometry.
The CYP701B1 of <i>Physcomitrella patens</i> is an <i>ent</i>-kaurene oxidase that resists inhibition by uniconazole-P (2011)

The moss Physcomitrella patens produces both ent-kaurene and ent-kaurenoic acid, which are intermediates of gibberellin biosynthesis in flowering plants. The CYP701 superfamily of cytochrome P450s functions as ent-kaurene oxidases in the biosynthesis of ent-kaurenoic acid. A candidate gene encoding ent-kaurene oxidase in P. patens, CYP701B1, was cloned and heterologously expressed in yeast to examine enzyme activities in vitro. The recombinant CYP701B1 protein catalyzed the oxidation reaction from ent-kaurene to ent-kaurenoic acid. CYP701B1 activity was highly resistant to the ent-kaurene oxidase inhibitor uniconazole-P (IC(50) 64 μM), even though the activity of Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase (CYP701A3) was sensitive (IC(50) 0.26 μM).
High-efficacy targeting of colon-cancer liver metastasis with<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>A1-R via intra-portal-vein injection in orthotopic nude-mouse models (2016)

Liver metastasis is the main cause of colon cancer-related death and is a recalcitrant disease. We report here the efficacy and safety of intra-portal-vein (iPV) targeting of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R on colon cancer liver metastasis in a nude-mouse orthotopic model. Nude mice with HT29 human colon cancer cells, expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) (HT29-RFP), growing in the liver were administered S. typhimurium A1-R by either iPV (1×104 colony forming units (CFU)/100 μl) or, for comparison, intra-venous injection (iv; 5×107 CFU/100 μl). Similar amounts of bacteria were delivered to the liver with the two doses, indicating that iPV delivery is 5×103 times more efficient than iv delivery. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by tumor fluorescent area (mm2) and total fluorescence intensity. Tumor fluorescent area and fluorescence intensity highly correlated (p<0.0001). iPV treatment was more effective compared to both untreated control and iv treatment (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively with iPV treatment with S. typhimurium arresting metastatic growth). There were no significant differences in body weight between all groups. The results of this study suggest that S. typhimurium A1-R administered iPV has potential for peri-operative adjuvant treatment of colon cancer liver metastasis.
Purification and Some Properties of Alanine Aminotransferase from<i>Candida maltosa</i> (1994)

Alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT; EC 2.6.1.2) was purified to homogeneity from Candida maltosa that was grown on L-alanine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The enzyme has a molecular mass of 99kDa and consists of two subunits of equal molecular mass (52 kDa). Each subunit binds one mole of PLP. The enzyme has an isoelectric point of 5.3 and an optimum pH of 6.0-7.5. The spectroscopic profile and an inhibition experiment showed that both PLP and free-SH groups are directly involved in the enzymatic catalysis. In the N-terminal region of the enzyme, the consensus sequence (five amino acids) that commonly appears in mammalian and higher plant enzymes is present. Compared with mammalian enzyme, the Candida AlaAT is heat-sensitive and a little looser in substrate specificity, and its affinity towards L-alanine is high.
Methemalbumin in the Diagnosis of Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis (1974)

The early differentiation between acute edematous and hemorrhagic pancreatitis is crucial for prognosis and treatment. By testing serum and ascites or pleural effusion for methemalbumin the two types of pancreatitis can be distinguished early in the course of the disease. In a series of 18 patients with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis we consistently found methemalbuminemia, whereas in 20 patients with severe edematous pancreatitis, five patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, and two patients with acute intraabdominal hemorrhage methemalbumin in serum was not found. The detection of methemalbumin in serum and ascites or pleural effusion of patients with a history and enzyme studies compatible with acute pancreatic inflammation should be considered virtually pathognomonic of the hemorrhagic form.
Utilization of pyrazine-2-carboxamide and pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens UK-1 (1985)

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain UK-1 is capable to convert pyrazine-2-carboxamide to pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid and the latter to pyrazine. The resulting product can be detected in the growth medium. Glucose greatly enhanced the degradation. However, the cells survived and degraded the compounds also in the absence of glucose but very slowly. The utilization of a pyrazine compound and the appearance of its splitting product in the growth medium was followed as a function of time. The degradation products of unsubstituted pyrazine could not be detected.