gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased striatal monoaminergic terminals in olivopontocerebellar atrophy and multiple system atrophy demonstrated with positron emission tomography (1996)

We used [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine, a new ligand for the type 2 vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2), with positron emission tomography to study striatal monoaminergic presynaptic terminals in 4 patients with multiple system atrophy, 8 with sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy, and 9 normal control subjects. Specific binding in the striatum was significantly reduced in the multiple system atrophy patients as compared with the normal control group, with average reductions of 61% in the caudate nucleus (p = 0.002) and 58% in the putamen (p = 0.009). Smaller reductions were found in the sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy group, averaging 26% in the caudate nucleus (p = 0.05) and 24% in the putamen (p = 0.11). Mean blood-to-brain [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine transport (K1) was significantly different between groups only in the cerebellum, with values for the sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy group diminished compared with the normal control group. Cerebellar K1 was not significantly decreased in the multiple system atrophy group. The finding of reduced striatal VMAT2 in sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy patients suggests nigrostriatal pathology, indicating that some may later develop symptomatic extrapyramidal disease.
Primary and secondary <i>in vitro</i> generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes in the murine sarcoma virus system (1975)

Abstract Cell‐mediated cytotoxic responses in vitro to surface antigens associated with murine sarcoma virus (MSV)‐induced tumors were investigated using mixed leukocyte‐tumor cell cultures (MLTC). The source of responding cells was either spleens from normal C57BL/6 mice (primary MLTC) or spleens of C57BL/6 mice carrying or having rejected a MSV‐induced tumor (secondary MLTC). Graffi virus‐induced GiL‐4 leukemia cells, Rauscher virus‐induced RBl‐5 leukemia cells, and MSV‐induced MSV‐B16 sarcoma cells were used as stimultating syngeneic tumor cells and/or target cells. Under appropriate culture conditions, cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated in both primary and secondary MLTC. As assessed by a quantitative short‐term 51 Cr release assay system, CTL activity in secondary MLTC populations was at least 10‐fold higher than that in primary MLTC populations, and 100‐fold higher than that in spleen cells taken at the peak of the in vivo response of MSV‐infected mice. The ability of spleen cells to mount a secondary CTL response in vitro could be observed as early as 5 days after virus injection, increased up to the time of maximum tumor size and persisted long after tumor regression. This suggests the development of increased numbers of CTL progenitors and/or the formation of “memory” CTL in spleens of MSV‐injected mice.
Emergency button — A Telco 2.0 application in the e-health environment (2012)

The paper presents the idea of Telco 2.0 with an e-health usage scenario. Since numerous elderly people are going missing every year, proposed emergency location service depicts a way in which mobile operators' networks, the Internet and possibilities given by rapid improvement of smart-phones' functionalities can converge in order to relieve the problem. The descriptions are supplemented with sets of accuracy measurements and usability tests, conducted during test deployment in Polish Orange Labs R&D Centre. The results confirm usability potential of the service, giving green light for further research and development. Still, in order to make the service reliable, the algorithms used to determine location and detect falls need to be improved.
Evaluation of Microstructure of High-Strength Reaction-Sintered Silicon Carbide (2008)

A newly developed high-strength reaction-sintered silicon carbide (SiC), which has two or three times higher strength than the normal sintered SiC, is one of the most promising candidates such as the lightweight substrate of optical mirror, because of fully dense, small sintering shrinkage (±1%), good shape capability and low sintering temperature. In this paper, in order to improve the performance of newly developed reaction-sintered SiC, the microstructure was investigated by paying attention to the crystal structures using the observation of transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. As a result, it made clear that the finer-scale microstructure could be observed as consisting of large particles (~1m in diameter) of starting powder -SiC and small particles (~1m in diameter) of -SiC formed during the reaction (Si+CSiC) with the residual silicon filling the remaining porosity. Also, it was identified that the -SiC formed during the reaction referred to the cubic (3C) polytype and the -SiC of starting powder referred to the hexagonal (6H) polytype.
Oxidative Modification Reduces HDL-induced Cholesterol Efflux from Cultured Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. (2000)

To investigate the effects of oxidative modification of high density lipoprotein (HDL) on HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from human arterial smooth muscle cells(SMC), native HDL (N-HDL) and oxidized HDL(Ox-HDL) induced by copper or hypochlorite were incubated with cultured SMC preloaded with (3)H-cholesterol for 2--24 h. The radioactivities of (3)H-cholesterol of the medium and SMC were measured respectively, and the cholesterol efflux rate (CER) of HDL and Ox-HDL were determined. The result showed that the CER of N-HDL was 43.1% after 24 h incubation, while the CER of Ox-HDL induced by copper or hypochlorite were 28.9% and 23.5% respectively, reduced by 30.0% and 43.1% compared with N-HDL. The speed of 3H-cholesterol efflux of Ox-HDL from SMC were decreased remarkably. Inhibition of oxidation with antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT), vitamin C or vitamin E recovered mostly the ability of HDL to stimulate cholesterol efflux. The results suggest that oxidation of HDL may attenuate its effect on cholesterol efflux from arterial SMC, and vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation may protect artery from atherogenesis.
Internally varying analog circuits minimize power dissipation (2003)

We review several techniques that make possible the dynamic variation of analog circuits internally, without affecting their input-output characteristics. Particular attention is paid to companding (dynamic gain scaling), dynamic impedance scaling, dynamic biasing, and dynamic structure variation. A mixture of more than one of these techniques is appropriate in some cases. We use filters as a specific example of dynamical analog circuits and place particular emphasis on avoiding or eliminating transients at the output of such circuits, which would normally occur due to such dynamic variations. By allowing for dynamic internal variations, the power dissipation of such circuits can be lowered and can be made to depend on how demanding the task at hand is. This allows for large savings of energy drain over time, thus making possible long battery life in portable equipment.
Cooperative I/O (2002)

In this paper we demonstrate the benefits of application involvement in operating system power management. We present Coop-I/O, an approach to reduce the power consumption of devices while encompassing all levels of the system---from the hardware and OS to a new interface for cooperative I/O that can be used by energy-aware applications. We assume devices which can be set to low-power operation modes if they are not accessed and where switching between modes consumes additional energy, e.g. devices with rotating components or network devices consuming energy for the establishment and shutdown of network connections. In these cases frequent mode switches should be avoided.With Coop-I/O, applications can declare open, read and write operations as deferrable and even abortable by specifying a time-out and a cancel flag. This information enables the operating system to delay and batch requests so that the number of power mode switches is reduced and the device can be kept longer in a low-power mode. We have deployed our concept to the IDE hard disk driver and Ext2 file system of Linux and to typical real-life programs so that they make use of the new cooperative I/O functions. With energy savings of up to 50%, the experimental results demonstrate the benefits of the concept. We will show that Coop-I/O even outperforms the "oracle" shutdown policy which defines the lower bound in power consumption if the timing of requests can not be influenced.
<i>In vivo</i><sup>1</sup>H‐[<sup>13</sup>C]‐NMR spectroscopy of cerebral metabolism (2003)

13C NMR spectroscopy in combination with the infusion of (13)C-labeled precursors is currently the only technique that is capable of quantitatively studying energy metabolism, neurotransmission and other metabolic pathways non-invasively in vivo. (1)H-[(13)C]-NMR spectroscopy is a high-sensitivity alternative to direct (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The development of improved NMR methods for water suppression, spatial localization, broadband decoupling, shimming and signal quantification, together with the availability of high magnetic field strengths, has made (1)H-[(13)C]-NMR spectroscopy the method of choice for the detection of metabolism at a high spatial and/or temporal resolution. (1)H-[(13)C]-NMR spectroscopy can now be used to discriminate glutamatergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) neuronal activity. The improved sensitivity allows the detection of metabolism in different tissues (e.g. gray and white matter) and potentially even in smaller structures, like cortical layers. Finally, (1)H-[(13)C]-NMR spectroscopy allows the detection of energy metabolism and neurotransmission during functional activation, thereby further strengthening our understanding of the neurochemical basis of brain function.
Clinical Virology (2003)

Clinical virology is exploding with information. What was once a quiet backwater has become one of the fastest developing fields in modern biomedicine. Into this setting comes the new edition of Clinical Virology.
Proton magnetic resonance study of diamond nanoparticles decorated by transition metal ions (2011)

We report on a 1 H NMR study of diamond nanoparticles decorated by copper and cobalt. Increase in the 1 H relaxation rate under decoration results from the interactions of hydrogen nuclear spins of the surface hydrocarbon and hydroxyl groups with paramagnetic copper and cobalt ions. This finding reveals the appearance of paramagnetic Cu 2+ or Co 2+ ions on the detonation nanodiamond (DND) surface rather than as a separate phase, which is consistent with the 13 C NMR data of the same samples. Our results shed light on the mechanism of ion incorporation. A topological model for relative position of paramagnetic Cu 2+ or Co 2+ ions and hydrogen atoms on the DND surface is suggested. An application of the studied nanomaterials in the field of biomedicine is discussed.
A Single-Laboratory Validated Method for the Generation of DNA Barcodes for the Identification of Fish for Regulatory Compliance (2011)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is responsible for ensuring that the nation's food supply is safe and accurately labeled. This task is particularly challenging in the case of seafood where a large variety of species are marketed, most of this commodity is imported, and processed product is difficult to identify using traditional morphological methods. Reliable species identification is critical for both foodborne illness investigations and for prevention of deceptive practices, such as those where species are intentionally mislabeled to circumvent import restrictions or for resale as species of higher value. New methods that allow accurate and rapid species identifications are needed, but any new methods to be used for regulatory compliance must be both standardized and adequately validated. "DNA barcoding" is a process by which species discriminations are achieved through the use of short, standardized gene fragments. For animals, a fragment (655 base pairs starting near the 5' end) of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene has been shown to provide reliable species level discrimination in most cases. We provide here a protocol with single-laboratory validation for the generation of DNA barcodes suitable for the identification of seafood products, specifically fish, in a manner that is suitable for FDA regulatory use.
Combinatorial properties of mesh of trees (2002)

A mesh of trees, which has two favorable properties: small diameter and large bisection, is known as the fastest network when considered in terms of speed. We show that the wide diameter, fault diameter, and Rabin number, which are three generalizations of diameter, of a two dimensional 2/sup n//spl times/2/sup n/ mesh of trees are equal to 5n+1.
A magnetic resonance imaging‐based workflow for planning radiation therapy for prostate cancer (2011)

Dose planning for prostate radiation therapy is performed using computed tomography (CT) scans that provide the electron density information needed for individual patients' radiation dose calculations. For visualising the prostate and determining the target volume for radiation treatment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gives vastly superior soft-tissue contrast. However, currently, MRI scans cannot be used for dose planning, as they do not provide the electron density information. We aimed to develop an alternative and efficient MRI-only image-based workflow, enabling both organ delineation and dose planning to be performed using MRI, with "pseudo-CT scans" generated from MRI scans supplying the information for dose planning. The feasibility of implementing MRI-based prostate radiation therapy planning is being investigated through collaboration between the clinical and medical physics group at the Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital/University of Newcastle and the biomedical imaging processing group at the CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) Australian e-Health Research Centre. Results comparing Hounsfield units calculated from CT scans and from MRI-based pseudo-CT scans for 39 patients showed very similar average values for the prostate, bladder, bones and rectum, confirming that pseudo-CT scans can replace CT scans for accurate radiation dose calculations. MRI-based radiotherapy planning can also be used for tumours in other locations, such as head and neck, and breast cancers.
Nuclear matrix protein expressions in hepatocytes of normal and cirrhotic rat livers under normal and regenerating conditions (2004)

We explored the feasibility of studying nuclear matrix protein (NMP) expressions of the hepatocytes in normal and cirrhotic rat livers with liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Sixteen Wistar healthy rats were studied with experimental liver regeneration and/or liver cirrhosis. Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis was used to generate these NMP compositions from these rat liver samples. Several antibodies against cytokeratin, vimentin, actin, B23, HNF4alpha, and heat shock protein 70 were used for identification by Western blot. Totally, 41 strongly stained protein spots were characterized on the 2-D gels. Thirty-four protein spots were detected in all of these rat livers, of which, cytokeratin, vimentin, actin, HNF4alpha, and heat shock protein 70 were identified. B23 was detected in the regenerated livers. Three protein spots (s33, s34, and s35) were detectable only in NMP preparation extracted from the regenerating rat livers after hepatectomy. Another three protein spots (s36, s37, and s38) were detectable only in NMP preparation extracted from thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rat livers. Under these conditions including experimental liver regeneration and/or liver cirrhosis, Over thirty higher abundance NMPs of hepatocytes were consistently expressed and considered as common and basic NMPs. Some of the NMPs are specific for liver regeneration and may play a critical role in cell proliferation and cell cycle, and some are specific for liver cirrhosis.
Alternative Hand Contamination Technique To Compare the Activities of Antimicrobial and Nonantimicrobial Soaps under Different Test Conditions (2008)

Antimicrobial hand soaps provide a greater bacterial reduction than nonantimicrobial soaps. However, the link between greater bacterial reduction and a reduction of disease has not been definitively demonstrated. Confounding factors, such as compliance, soap volume, and wash time, may all influence the outcomes of studies. The aim of this work was to examine the effects of wash time and soap volume on the relative activities and the subsequent transfer of bacteria to inanimate objects for antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial soaps. Increasing the wash time from 15 to 30 seconds increased reduction of Shigella flexneri from 2.90 to 3.33 log(10) counts (P = 0.086) for the antimicrobial soap, while nonantimicrobial soap achieved reductions of 1.72 and 1.67 log(10) counts (P > 0.6). Increasing soap volume increased bacterial reductions for both the antimicrobial and the nonantimicrobial soaps. When the soap volume was normalized based on weight (approximately 3 g), nonantimicrobial soap reduced Serratia marcescens by 1.08 log(10) counts, compared to the 3.83-log(10) reduction caused by the antimicrobial soap (P < 0.001). The transfer of Escherichia coli to plastic balls following a 15-second hand wash with antimicrobial soap resulted in a bacterial recovery of 2.49 log(10) counts, compared to the 4.22-log(10) (P < 0.001) bacterial recovery on balls handled by hands washed with nonantimicrobial soap. This indicates that nonantimicrobial soap was less active and that the effectiveness of antimicrobial soaps can be improved with longer wash time and greater soap volume. The transfer of bacteria to objects was significantly reduced due to greater reduction in bacteria following the use of antimicrobial soap.
Methotrexate (MTX) Plus Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) in the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis * # (2005)

This placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter trial compared the effects of MTX plus UDCA to UDCA alone on the course of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Two hundred and sixty five AMA positive patients without ascites, variceal bleeding, or encephalopathy; a serum bilirubin less than 3 mg/dL; serum albumin 3 g/dL or greater, who had taken UDCA 15 mg/kg daily for at least 6 months, were stratified by Ludwig's histological staging and then randomized to MTX 15 mg/m2 body surface area (maximum dose 20 mg) once a week while continuing on UDCA. The median time from randomization to closure of the study was 7.6 years (range: 4.6-8.8 years). Treatment failure was defined as death without liver transplantation; transplantation; variceal bleeding; development of ascites, encephalopathy, or varices; a doubling of serum bilirubin to 2.5 mg/dL or greater; a fall in serum albumin to 2.5 g/dL or less; histological progression by at least two stages or to cirrhosis. Patients were continued on treatment despite failure of treatment, unless transplantation ensued, drug toxicity necessitated withdrawal, or the patient developed a cancer. There were no significant differences in these parameters nor to the time of development of treatment failures observed for patients taking UDCA plus MTX, or UDCA plus placebo. The trial was conducted with a stopping rule, and was stopped early by the National Institutes of Health at the advice of our Data Safety Monitoring Board for reasons of futility. In conclusion, methotrexate when added to UDCA for a median period of 7.6 years had no effect on the course of PBC treated with UDCA alone.
Rendering fireworks displays (1992)

A particle system technique to model, render, and animate realistic fireworks displays is presented. The attributes of the fireworks display that the particle system models are color, brightness, shape, trial, size, particle dynamics, blinking, mousing, star effect, spinning, and elasticity. A rendering engine that consists of various modules which individually handle a particular property of the particle is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Dynamic Analysis of PSC Box Bridge Varying Span Lengths for Increased Speeds of KTX (2011)

고속철 교량의 동적응답을 보다 정밀하게 해석하기 위한 동적해석방법을 개발하였다. 차후 증가될 초고속(450km/h)을 포함하여 고속 주행하는 KTX 동력차에 의한 교량의 동적거동을 면밀한 속도변수분석과 정밀한 해석을 위한 고속철, 교량 그리고 궤도구조물의 상호작용을 포함한 수치모델을 구성하였다. 네 가지 40~25미터 단순지간의 PSC 박스교를 3차원 유한 프레임요소 모델로 개발하였다. 스펙트럼밀도함수로 산출된 궤도불규칙값과 궤도간 상이한 거리차이를 수치모델화 하였다. 고속철차량은 (KTX) 38자유도로 구성하였다. 38자유도 모델은 3방향 변위와 상응하는 회전각을 고려하였다. 동적증폭계수는 다양한 불규칙 궤도, 켐버, 주행속도, 자갈도상과 같은 주행조건에 의해 결정된다. 이와 같은 동적증폭계수를 해석하기위한 Newmark-<TEX>${\beta}$</TEX> 기법과 Runge-Kutta기법을 적용하여 고속철 속도별과 경간별로 면밀하게 비교 분석하였다. A dynamic analysis procedure is developed to provide a better estimation of the dynamic responses of bridge during the passage of high speed railway vehicles. Particularly, a three dimensional numerical model including the structural interaction between high speed vehicles, bridges and railway endures to analyse accurately and evaluate with in-depth parametric studies for dynamic responses of various bridge span lengths running KTX railway locomotive up to increasing maximum speed(450km/h). Three dimensional frame element is used to model the simply supported pre-stressed concrete (PSC) box bridges for four span lengths(40~25m). Track irregularity employed as a stationary random process from the given spectral density functions and irregularities of both sides of the track are assumed to have high correlation. The high-speed railway vehicle (KTX) is used as 38-degree of freedom system. Three displacements (Vertical, lateral, and longitudinal) as well as three rotational components (Pitching, rolling, and yawing) are considered in the 38-degree of freedom model. The dynamic amplification factors are evaluated by the developed procedure under various traveling conditions, such as track irregularity camber, train speed and ballast. The dynamic analysis such as Newmark-<TEX>${\beta}$</TEX> and Runge-Kutta methods which are able to analyse considering the dynamic impact factors are compared and contrasted.
El Código Conthe: claves del Buen Gobierno (2006)

El 19 de mayo de 2006 vio la luz la version definitiva del Codigo
Unificado tras ser sometido a un periodo de informacion publica que se inicio

el 18 de enero de 2006, y tras las 19 reuniones del grupo especial de trabajo constituido el 16 de septiembre de 2005 para asesorar a la Comision Nacional del Mercado de Valores en la armonizacion y actualizacion de las recomendaciones de los Informes Olivencia y Aldama. Aunque inicialmente esta previsto que este codigo se aplique voluntariamente tan solo en las sociedades cotizadas, lo mas probable es que el interes de las companias por mostrar una gestion transparente de cara al mercado consiga extender su uso.
Characterization of UV-induced birefringence in photosensitive Ge-doped silica optical fibers (1994)

The anisotropic nature of the UV-induced index change achieved in photosensitive optical fibers is characterized by a direct measurement of the induced birefringence in three different fibers. The birefringence, which grows with UV exposure proportionally to the total induced index change, is measured to be as small as 0.2% and as large as 8% of the total index change, depending on the fiber type and the exposure geometry. Such large values of birefringence are especially notable, since they can lead to substantial resonant effects such as polarization-dependent reflectivity in a fiber Bragg grating. The birefringence is predominantly determined by the polarization of the UV irradiation. We demonstrate an order-of-magnitude reduction of birefringence in an actual fiber phase grating by rotating the UV polarization to lie in the plane of the irradiating beams and the fiber axis.