gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bile acid structure and selective modulation of murine hepatic cytochrome P450-linked enzymes (1999)

We examined the effects of the administration of different bile acids on in vivo hepatic murine cytochrome P450 (CYP) content, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-CYP-reductase, and individual mixed-function oxidases (MFOs). Neither CYP level nor reductase were appreciably affected by single intraperitoneal administration of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) (12.2 or 24.4 mg x kg(-1) bw). MFO to various isoenzymes were slightly reduced 24 hours after treatment. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) both induced CYP, reductase, and MFOs. CYP3A1/2-linked activity (i.e., testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase, and N-demethylation of aminopyrine) in a dose-dependent fashion was enhanced ( approximately 2-3-fold). CYP2E1- (hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol), CYP1A2-(O-demethylation of methoxyresorufin), CYP2A1/2- and CYP2B1/2-(6alpha-hydroxylase), and CYP2B9- (16alpha-hydroxylase) dependent MFOs, as well as 7alpha-, 16beta-, 2alpha-, and 2beta-hydroxylations, were all significantly induced by THDCA. Apart from alkoxyresorufin metabolism and a modest CYP2E1 increase, TUDCA behaved like THDCA. A generalized induction was also recorded after ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration. THDCA and TDCA did not show substantial differences in the N-demethylation of aminopyrine when different species (rat vs. mouse) and administration route (intraperitoneal vs. intravenous) were compared. Results on the most affected isoenzymes, CYP3A1/2 (THDCA, TUDCA, and UDCA) and CYP2E1 (UDCA), were sustained by means of Western immunoblotting. CYP3A induction was paralleled by a corresponding increase in mRNA. These data could partially explain the therapeutic mechanism of UDCA, TUDCA, and THDCA in chronic cholestatic liver disease. CYP3A induction, which is linked to P-glycoprotein (Pgp) family overexpression, may enhance hepatic metabolism, transport, and excretion of toxic endogenous lipophilic bile acids.
Quaternized Chitosan Inhibits <i>icaA</i> Transcription and Biofilm Formation by <i>Staphylococcus</i> on a Titanium Surface (2010)

Our previous study (Z. X. Peng et al., Carbohydr. Polym. 81:275-283, 2010) demonstrated that water-soluble quaternary ammonium salts, which are produced by the reaction of chitosan with glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride, provide chitosan derivatives with enhanced antibacterial ability. Because biofilm formation is believed to comprise the key step in the development of orthopedic implant-related infections, we further evaluated the efficacy of hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) with different degrees of substitution (DS; referred to as HACC 6%, 18%, and 44%) in preventing biofilm formation on a titanium surface. We used a tissue culture plate method to quantify the biomass of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and found that HACC, especially HACC 18% and 44%, significantly inhibited biofilm formation compared to the untreated control, even at concentrations far below their MICs (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy showed that inhibition of biofilm formation on titanium increased dramatically with increased DS and HACC concentrations. Confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that growth of a preexisting biofilm on titanium was inhibited by concentrations of HACC 18% and 44% below their minimum biofilm eradication concentrations. We also demonstrated that HACC inhibited the expression of icaA, which mediates the production of extracellular polysaccharides, both in new biofilms and in preexisting biofilms on titanium. Our results indicate that HACC may serve as a new antibacterial agent to inhibit biofilm formation and prevent orthopedic implant-related infections.
Activity of natural toxins against the silverleaf whitefly, <i>Bemisia argentifolii</i>, using a novel feeding bioassay system (1996)

Abstract An assay system was developed for the adult silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). This practical device was constructed from standard disposable laboratory materials. Whiteflies were harvested directly from the leaf and into a collection vial by vacuum aspiration, minimizing physical damage to the insect. Insects were fed through a cellulose mixed‐ester membrane on a diet of 20–27% sucrose alone or sucrose in an extract of zucchini ( Curcurbita moschata Duchense). Mortality and honeydew production were scored. At 22–25 °C and 50–55% relative humidity, control mortality generally remained at or below 15% during a 48 h assay period. The bioassay system was first tested using the insecticide, Imidacloprid, then used to screen a number of natural products with potential insecticidal activity against the whitefly. Destruxins extracted from the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae , and the natural insecticide/nematicide, Ivermectin, as well as bee venom and two of its components, melittin and phospholipase A 2 , were found to be toxic to B. argentifolii. Five lectins, Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, gossypol, an extract of Paeciliomyces fumosoroseus , wasp and scorpion venom, and a trypsin inhibitor were not found to be insecticidal to adult B. argentifolii.
Sella Turcica und Konstitution. (1941)

CURRENT LITERATURE: III. SYMBOLIC NEUROLOGY PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOANALYSIS, NEUROSES, PSYCHONEUROSES, PSYCHOSES: PDF Only
Activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway contributes to inflammation-induced osteoporosis by suppressing bone formation and causing osteoblast apoptosis (2001)

Inducible NOS-mediated osteoblast apoptosis and depressed bone formation play important roles in the pathogenesis of IMO.
Telomere Diseases (2009)

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 was recently awarded to three scientists for their work on telomeres, which are repetitive DNA structures at the tips of chromosomes, and the enzyme telomerase. Telomeres protect the genome from loss of genetic material. This review recounts the medical implications of telomeres and focuses on a group of diseases in which the loss of telomeres appears to be causal.
Early experience with STAAR™ silicone elastic lens implants (1986)

Silicone elastic intraocular lens implants (STAAR Model B) were implanted in 18 human eyes following extracapsular cataract extraction by phacoemulsification. Visual acuity of 20/40 or better was obtained in 17 eyes which had no preexisting pathology. Implants decentered and tilted in five of six eyes in which implants were placed in the bag. This was the only significant complication observed and is prevented by avoiding in-the-bag placement of the implant.
Phase III Trial of Fluorouracil-Based Chemotherapy Regimens Plus Radiotherapy in Postoperative Adjuvant Rectal Cancer: GI INT 0144 (2006)

All arms provide similar relapse-free survival and OS, with different toxicity profiles and central catheter requirements. LRF with postoperative therapy is low, justifying initial resection for T1-2, N0-2 and T3, and N0-2 anterior resection candidates.
A DIRT-T Approach to Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2018)

Domain adaptation refers to the problem of leveraging labeled data in a source domain to learn an accurate model in a target domain where labels are scarce or unavailable. A recent approach for finding a common representation of the two domains is via domain adversarial training (Ganin & Lempitsky, 2015), which attempts to induce a feature extractor that matches the source and target feature distributions in some feature space. However, domain adversarial training faces two critical limitations: 1) if the feature extraction function has high-capacity, then feature distribution matching is a weak constraint, 2) in non-conservative domain adaptation (where no single classifier can perform well in both the source and target domains), training the model to do well on the source domain hurts performance on the target domain. In this paper, we address these issues through the lens of the cluster assumption, i.e., decision boundaries should not cross high-density data regions. We propose two novel and related models: 1) the Virtual Adversarial Domain Adaptation (VADA) model, which combines domain adversarial training with a penalty term that punishes the violation the cluster assumption; 2) the Decision-boundary Iterative Refinement Training with a Teacher (DIRT-T) model, which takes the VADA model as initialization and employs natural gradient steps to further minimize the cluster assumption violation. Extensive empirical results demonstrate that the combination of these two models significantly improve the state-of-the-art performance on the digit, traffic sign, and Wi-Fi recognition domain adaptation benchmarks.
DNA sequence of the F traALE region that includes the gene for F pilin (1984)

The complete sequence of a 1.4-kilobase PstI fragment containing the F transfer genes traA, -L, and -E is presented. The traA reading frame has been located both genetically and by comparing the primary structure of F pilin (the traA product) predicted by the DNA sequence to the amino acid composition and sequence of N- and C-terminal peptides isolated from purified F pilin. Taken together, these data show that there is a leader peptide of 51 amino acids and that F pilin contains 70 amino acids, giving molecular weights of 13,200 for F propilin and 7,200 for mature F pilin. Secondary structure predictions for F pilin revealed a reverse turn that precedes the sequence Ala-Met-Ala51, a classic signal peptidase cleavage site. The N-terminal alanine residue is blocked by an acetyl group as determined by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The traL and traE genes encode proteins of molecular weights 10,350 and 21,200, respectively. According to DNA sequence predictions, these proteins do not contain signal peptide leader sequences. Secondary structure predictions for these proteins are in accord with traLp and traEp being membrane proteins in which hydrophobic regions capable of spanning the membrane are linked by sequences that form turns and carry positively charged residues capable of interacting with the membrane surface.
Investigation of the thermal behavior of a RTP furnace (1995)

The results of a full model accounting for the thermal behavior of a commercially available rapid thermal processing furnace are given. In particular, emphasis has been placed on achieving a flat temperature profile over the wafer. System parameters allowing RTP equipment to be improved are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Potato Gene <i>Y-1</i> is an <i>N</i> Gene Homolog That Confers Cell Death Upon Infection with <i>potato virus Y</i> (2002)

ADG2 is a DNA sequence mapped to a resistance (R) gene-rich region at the distal end of chromosome XI in potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena). The gene, in which ADG2 represents the predicted nucleotide-binding domain (NBS), was cloned and characterized. The coding region of the gene (designated as Y-1) is 6,187 bp long and structurally similar to gene N that confers hypersensitive resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana spp. Both belong to the TIR-NBS-LRR class of genes and show 57% identity at the amino acid sequence level. The introns of Y-1 were spliced as predicted from the sequence. Y-1 cosegregated with Ry(adg), a gene for extreme resistance to Potato virus Y (PVY) on chromosome XI, as tested in a potato-mapping population and with independent potato cultivars. Leaves of the transgenic potato plants expressing Y-1 under the control of Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter developed necrotic lesions upon infection with PVY, but no significant resistance was observed, and plants were systemically infected with PVY.
A REAL TIME COAL CONTENT ORE GRADE (C2OG) SENSOR (2004)

This tenth quarterly technical report discusses the progress made on a machine vision technique for ore grading based on hyperspectral imaging. A graduate student at Montana Tech has successfully defended her thesis related to this project. Arrangements with Stillwater Mining Company to deploy a machine vision system in their core room have been completed. Designs for they system that will be installed next quarter have been drawn and parts are being machined. Presentations on the spectral imaging system developed during this effort have been made to Stillwater Mining Company and at a remote sensing symposium at Montana State University.
Altered Distribution of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Diabetic Retinopathy (1991)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a potent endothelial cell mitogen that has been proposed to play a role in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and other neovascular processes. Our understanding of the in vivo role of basic FGF in the pathogenesis of these disorders is limited. We studied the immunolocalization of basic FGF in 16 clinical cases of diabetic retinopathy to determine whether the normal retinal distribution of basic FGF changed during the development of diabetic retinopathy and correlated with the onset of retinal neovascularization. By using monoclonal and affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies against basic FGF and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), we found that basic FGF colocalized with HSPG to vascular basement membranes. As the basement membranes thickened during the progression of diabetic retinopathy, the intraretinal stores of immunoreactive basic FGF and HSPG expanded. With the development of neovascularization, the colocalization of basic FGF and HSPG changed; HSPG localized to basement membranes, while basic FGF localized intracellularly, with only minimal basement membrane immunoreactivity. Incubations of the neovascular fronds with exogenous basic FGF demonstrated multiple HSPG glycosaminoglycan-binding sites for basic FGF, indicating that basic FGF had not been released from the matrix of neovascular fronds by heparitanase digestion.
The Intermolecular Interaction between the PH Domain and the C-terminal Domain of Arabidopsis Dynamin-like 6 Determines Lipid Binding Specificity (2002)

Dynamin and its related proteins are a group of mechanochemical proteins involved in the modulation of lipid membranes in various biological processes. Here we investigate the nature of membrane binding of the Arabidopsis dynamin-like 6 (ADL6) involved in vesicle trafficking from the trans-Golgi network to the central vacuole. Fractionation experiments by continuous sucrose gradients and gel filtration revealed that the majority of ADL6 is associated with membranes in vivo. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that ADL6 has a putative pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. In vitro lipid binding assays demonstrated that ADL6 showed high affinity binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns-3-P) and that the PH domain was responsible for this interaction. However, the PH domain alone binds equally well to both PtdIns-3-P and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns-4-P). Interestingly, the high affinity binding of the PH domain to PtdIns-3-P was restored by a protein-protein interaction between the PH domain and the C-terminal region. In addition, deletion of the inserted regions within the PH domain results in high affinity binding of the PH domain to PtdIns-3-P. These results suggest that ADL6 binds specifically to PtdIns-3-P and that the lipid binding specificity is determined by the interaction between the PH domain and the C-terminal domain of ADL6.
A visual multi-expert neural classifier (2002)

When an automatic pattern classifier faces a difficult query, the user may benefit from knowing what data in the training set is illustrative of the query. We describe a high-performance neural network that in addition to classifying the query, allows the user to visualize the relationship between the query and the data in the training set. We show in applications, including medical diagnosis and image segmentation, that our classifier achieves low error rates while providing a visual explanation of classifier decisions. We demonstrate the properties of the classifier using synthetic data, and compare the visualization performance of the visual neural network to Kohonen's self-organizing map.
Effect of multiquantum barriers on performance of InGaN∕GaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (2007)

In this paper we demonstrate that the improvement in the emission intensity afforded by the introduction of multiquantum barrier (MQB) structures in an InGaN∕GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) light-emitting diode (LED) is attributable to increased excitation cross sections. Over the temperature range from 300to20K, the excitation cross sections of the MQW emissions possessing MQB structures were between 9.6×10−12 and 5.3×10−15cm2, while those possessing GaN barriers were between 8.1×10−12 and 4.5×10−15cm2. We found, however, that the figure of merit for the LED light output was the capture fraction of the cross section; we observed that the dependence of the optical intensity on the temperature coincided with the evolution of the capture fraction. This analysis permitted us to assign the capture cross-section ratios at room temperature for the MQWs with MQBs and with GaN barriers as 0.46 and 0.35. Furthermore, the MQW system possessing well-designed MQB structures not only exhibited the thermally insensitive luminescence but also inhibited energetic carrier overflow.
The End of the Democratic Blue Wall (2016)

Heading into the 2016 presidential election, Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton had multiple paths to secure the 270 Electoral College votes needed to win the presidency. In contrast, Republican nominee Donald Trump’s path to the White House necessitated winning a number of large swing states and securing victories in states that had been reliably Democratic. Building from a prior Brookings Mountain West brief (Damore and Lang 2016), we consider how the Trump campaign, despite being vastly outspent, was able to use targeted online messages to activate “white identify politics”—long a staple of Republican politics in the South— in the non-metro areas of the upper Midwest. This messaging, coupled with Hillary Clinton’s unpopularity among white working class and rural voters in the region, interacted with the winner-take-all allocation of Electoral College votes to deliver the presidency for Trump. In the brief’s conclusion, we consider the implications that the 2016 election has for Electoral College politics moving forward.
Compressive Behavior of Concrete Confined by Carbon Fiber Composite Jackets (2000)

This paper describes axial compression test results of 27 concrete cylinders confined by carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite jackets. The experimental parameters include plain concrete compressive strength and the thickness of the composite jacket. It is found that the carbon fiber composite jacketing can significantly increase the compressive strength and ductility of concrete. The test results indicate that concrete strength and confinement modulus, defined as the ratio of transverse confinement stress and transverse strain, are the most influential factors affecting the stress-strain behavior of confined concrete. The failure of the confined concrete was dominated by the rupture of the jacket at an average strain much smaller than the ultimate strain obtained from tension tests of flat coupons. In order to describe the main mechanical features of the confined concrete, a simple bilinear stress-strain model is suggested based on the theory of elasticity and minimum number of empirical equations determined from the tests. The simple model is shown to compare well with test results from previous studies by other researchers.
Quantum Efficiencies of Photogeneration in Discotic Liquid Crystals. Part 2: Electric field and Temperature Dependence (2003)

DC photoconduction measurements are discussed in Part 1 of this paper as a viable method to deduce the quantum efficiencies of photocarrier production for various Discotic Liquid Crystals. However, high dark currents present in some materials prevent accurate measurement of the photocurrent. This paper describes how the time of flight (TOF) technique can be utilised to overcome this problem. Data for the quantum efficiencies of some DLC's are presented here. Also, a critique of Onsager's Theory of Geminate Recombination is given for the case of its use in DLC's.
<i>In vivo</i> Diagnosis of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression using Molecular Imaging with a Cocktail of Optically Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies (2007)

An in vivo imaging technique using an antibody cocktail simultaneously differentiated two tumors expressing distinct EGFRs and enabled an accurate characterization of each subtype.
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Loaded by Complementary Split-Ring Resonators for Miniaturized Diplexer Design (2010)

A novel high-performance planar diplexer is developed based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) etched on the waveguide surface. The proposed diplexer is operated below the characteristic cutoff frequency of the waveguide. The filtering response of the SIW-CSRR combined structure is investigated first. The diplexer is then implemented based on two cascaded two-pole bandpass filters. Equivalent circuit, simulated results and experimental verification are all provided. This diplexer shows advantages in terms of the compact size, low loss, high isolation, easy fabrication and integration with other circuits.
Optimal synthesis of a four-bar linkage by method of controlled deviation (2004)

This paper considers optimal synthesis of a four-bar linkage by method of controlled deviations. The advantage of this approximate method is that it allows control of motion of the coupler in the four-bar linkage so that the path of the coupler is in the prescribed environment around the given path on the segment observed. The Hooke-Jeeves?s optimization algorithm has been used in the optimization process. Calculation expressions are not used as the method of direct searching, i.e. individual comparison of the calculated value of the objective function is made in each iteration and the moving is done in the direction of decreasing the value of the objective function. This algorithm does not depend on the initial selection of the projected variables. All this is illustrated on an example of synthesis of a four-bar linkage whose coupler point traces a straight line, i.e. passes through sixteen prescribed points lying on one straight line. .
Fifty Years Later: The Manifesto of Surrealism (1975)

Reconsidered from a comfortable distance, any document of importance in the history of ideas is likely to elicit condescension as often as admiration. Although it does not make the Manifesto of Surrealism unique among documents of this nature, one distinguishing feature of the text Andre Breton published in Paris in 1924 is that initially it succeeded in inspiring, among critics anyway, more condescension than anything else, and continued for the most part to do so for a long time. This fact lends weight to the question with which I should like to begin: Has the moment come at last, fifty years later, when someone who has not participated in the surrealist venture can feel and even confess publicly to admiration for Breton's manifesto? True, as time goes by we hear praise of surrealism voiced more and more frequently, and from various quarters. Sometimes, though, our impression is that surrealism at last seems to have earned the right to grudging approval because, as everyone knows, it is not in good taste to speak ill of the dead, but nevertheless reassuring, in some cases, to remind oneself of their passing. At other times, it looks as if a number of those who confidently take upon themselves to comment on society and the art it fosters have made the belated discovery of surrealism's presence in the twentieth century and are determined not to give posterity the opportunity to condemn them for having ignored it