gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comfort and Heat Control During Extended Space Flights (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The inability to adequately assess overall temperature in contradictory thermal conditions is problematic for monitoring the safety and comfort of the astronaut during extended EVA. A nonuniform heating/cooling system applied to the surface of the body provides a paradigm for identifying the most sensitive areas for measuring overall heat status. Manipulating warming /cooling tube patterns in the space suit during EVA has potential in providing a normal heat topography. Systematically varying astronaut's heat exchange onboard can enhance comfort and performance and prevent health problems that accompany living in a closely-controlled, constant environmental habitat.</div>
Two Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks with Imidazole Encapsulation: Synthesis and Proton Conductivity (2021)

On the basis of the carboxylic structure of trimesic acid (TMA) and 5-borono-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (B-BDC), here two hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), HOF 1 (MA-TMA) and HOF 2 (MA-B-BDC), were prepared by reacting melamine (MA) with trimesic acid and 5-borono-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, respectively. The as-prepared HOF 1 and HOF 2 with 3D supramolecular structure exhibit excellent performance in proton transport. AC impedance test shows that the proton conductivities of HOF 1 and HOF 2 reach 3.11 × 10–4 S·cm–1 (343 K, 98% RH) and 4.32 × 10–4 S·cm–1 (323 K, 98% RH), respectively. To increase the proton conductivity, Im@HOF 1 and Im@HOF 2 were obtained by introducing imidazole (Im), which acts as a jumping site for proton transfer. The proton conductivities of Im@HOF 1 and Im@HOF 2 reached 4.12 × 10–4 S·cm–1 (333 K, 98% RH) and 1.20 × 10–3 S·cm–1 (353 K, 98% RH), respectively. This is the first time that guest molecules were introduced into HOFs. The stability and proton conductivity of the HOFs are improved due to the interaction of imidazole with carboxyl groups and water molecules.
Temperature Effects on Development of Three Cereal Aphid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) (2017)

Temperature is an important climatological variable that influences the biology and ecology of insects. Poor climatic adaptation can limit the effectiveness of parasitic insects in biological control. Two exotic parasites (Syrian Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) and Argentinean Aphidius colemani Viereck) imported for biological control of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and one native parasite (Diaeretiella rapae) were reared in growth chambers in three fluctuating temperature regimes with average daily temperatures of 12, 18, and 24°C. Estimates of temperature thresholds for immature development were 3.3, 3.5, and 2.8°C, for Oklahoman D. rapae, Syrian D. rapae, and A. colemani, respectively. Estimates of thermal require- ments for development from egg to adult were 297, 278, and 301 degree-days for the three parasitoids. Dry weights of adults reared in different fluctuating temperature regimes did not differ significantly among sexes, but adults from regimes with low average temperatures of 12 and 18°C had significantly greater weights than those reared in a regime with an average temperature of 24°C. Results suggest that developmental response to temperature will not limit the effectiveness of the exotic parasites in biological control.
Hedging with futures contracts in a deregulated electricity industry (2002)

This paper is a statistical study of direct and cross hedging strategies using futures contracts in an electricity market. A comparison of the strategies is based on the standard deviation or risk of the values of the hedging positions. Results indicate that the use of electricity futures contracts is superior to using other related futures contracts such as crude oil.
Mutations in the <i>DET1</i> gene affect cell-type-specific expression of light-regulated genes and chloroplast development in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1990)

When grown in the absence of light, the det1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana develops characteristics of a light-grown plant by morphological, cellular, and molecular criteria. Here, we show that recessive mutations at the DET1 locus also result in cell-type inappropriate accumulation of RNAs for light-regulated nuclear and chloroplast genes. det1 root plastids are differentiated into chloroplasts and are present in very high numbers in root cortex cells in contrast to the few starch-containing amyloplasts normally found in Arabidopsis roots. To assay the effect of the det1 mutation on the expression of photoregulated promoters, we used fusion constructs to stably transform wild-type and det1 mutants. We show that the three red-light-regulated chlorophyll a/b binding protein promoters are inappropriately expressed in the roots of det1 seedlings and the blue-light-controlled anthocyanin biosynthetic gene, chalcone synthase, is expressed ectopically in leaf mesophyll cells. These results, together with out previous findings, suggest that the DET1 gene product is a negatively acting regulatory molecule that is used in common by the light stimulus transduction pathway and by temporal or spatial regulatory signals in plants.
Quinoline, quinazoline and acridone alkaloids (1997)

J. P. Michael, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1997, 14, 605 DOI: 10.1039/NP9971400605
Reducing Aircraft Climb Trajectory Prediction Errors with Top-of-Climb Data (2013)

The inaccuracies of the aircraft performance models utilized by trajectory predictors in terms of takeoff weight, thrust, climb profile, and other parameters result in altitude errors that often exceed the vertical separation standard of 1000 feet during the climb phase. This study investigates the potential reduction in altitude trajectory prediction errors that could be achieved if just one additional parameter became available: top-of-climb (TOC) time. A simple algorithm that searches through a set of candidate trajectory predictions for the one that most closely matches TOC time was developed and evaluated using a data set of more than 1000 actual Fort Worth Center climbing flights. Compared to the baseline trajectory predictions of a real-time research prototype, it lowered the altitude root mean square error (RMSE) for a five-minute prediction time by 38%. The smallest improvements among the ten most frequent aircraft types in Fort Worth Center were 30% for Embraer 135 and 145 regional jets. The five-minute altitude RMSE of the other aircraft types were all less than the 1000-foot vertical separation standard with an overall decrease of 54%. When perturbations of as much as three minutes were applied to the TOC data, the TOC-matching method was less effective at higher altitudes and for shorter prediction look-ahead times.
In vitro and in vivo stimulation of the murine immune system by AGM-1470, a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. (1996)

AGM-1470, a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, is already engaged in phase I clinical trials because of its effectiveness to restrain tumor growth and its lack of major side effects. Recently, we showed that AGM-1470 stimulates in vitro human B lymphocyte proliferation through T lymphocytes. These data prompted us to explore the in vivo effects of AGM-1470 on the immune system in a mouse model. In this study, we showed that AGM-1470, in synergy with phytohemagglutinin, stimulates the proliferation of murine lymphocytes isolated from lymph nodes. This effect was similar to the one observed with human lymphocytes. When injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally into mice at pharmacological doses, AGM-1470 induced a significant increase of axillary and mesenteric lymph nodes, respectively. Histological and morphological analyses showed that this phenomenon is mostly due to a hyperplasia of the germinal centers. On average, the area of the germinal center of lymph nodes from AGM-1470-treated mice were three times larger than in lymph nodes from control mice. Interestingly, no effect was observed when AGM-1470 was injected subcutaneously into T-deficient nude mice. Our data demonstrate that AGM-1470 stimulates B cell proliferation in vivo as suggested by the in vitro experiments. This effect should be taken into account in the follow-up of patients treated with this molecule and calls for additional studies to determine the biological consequences of such a stimulation on the host immune system.
Adaptive fragments-based tracking of non-rigid objects using level sets (2009)

We present an approach to visual tracking based on dividing a target into multiple regions, or fragments. The target is represented by a Gaussian mixture model in a joint feature-spatial space, with each ellipsoid corresponding to a different fragment. The fragments are automatically adapted to the image data, being selected by an efficient region-growing procedure and updated according to a weighted average of the past and present image statistics. Modeling of target and background are performed in a Chan-Vese manner, using the framework of level sets to preserve accurate boundaries of the target. The extracted target boundaries are used to learn the dynamic shape of the target over time, enabling tracking to continue under total occlusion. Experimental results on a number of challenging sequences demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.
Avoiding the Black-Hole Problem by the Arrangements of Multiple Intermediate Products to Dividing-Wall Distillation Columns (2013)

Because of the strong coupling between the prefractionator and the main distillation column involved, the dividing-wall distillation column (DWDC) may exhibit the so-called black-hole problem in the operating range of interest when four product compositions (i.e., the main compositions in the three products and the ratio between the two impurities in the intermediate product) have been specified. In this paper, a novel strategy is proposed to solve the black-hole problem by the arrangements of multiple intermediate products to the main distillation column of the DWDC. The number, locations, and flow rates of the multiple intermediate products are designated as decision variables to coordinate the relationship between the prefractionator and the main distillation column involved, and a simple procedure is developed for the determination of their values effectively. The separations of two ternary mixtures of hypothetical components, A, B, and C and ethanol, propanol, and butanol, are chosen as illustrative examples to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy. In terms of steady-state analysis and dynamic operation studies, it is demonstrated that the black-hole problem can be completely circumvented by the arrangements of multiple intermediate products to the DWDC. The proposed strategy is considered to be of general significance and can be applicable and effective to the synthesis and design of the DWDC separating ternary mixtures with widely different thermodynamic properties.
INSIGHT INTO THE GROWTH MECHANISM OF WS<sub>2</sub> NANOTUBES IN THE SCALED-UP FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR (2009)

The growth mechanism of WS 2 nanotubes in the large-scale fluidized-bed reactor is studied in greater detail. This study and careful parameterization of the conditions within the reactor lead to the synthesis of large amounts (50–100 g/batch) of pure nanotubes, which appear as a fluffy powder, and (400–500 g/batch) of nanotubes/nanoplatelets mixture (50:50), where nanotubes usually coming in bundles. The two products are obtained simultaneously in the same reaction but are collected in different zones of the reactor, in a reproducible fashion. The characterization of the nanotubes, which grow catalyst-free, by a number of analytical techniques is reported. The majority of the nanotubes range from 10 to 50 micron in length and 20–180 nm in diameter. The nanotubes reveal highly crystalline order, suggesting very good mechanical behavior with numerous applications.
Suppression of the benzylpenicilloyl- (BPO) specific IgE formation with isologous anti-idiotypic antibodies in BALB/c mice. (1980)

In vivo effects of actively produced or passively administered isologous anti-idiotypic antisera (aId) on the benzylpenicilloyl- (BPO) specific IgE and IgG formation in BALB/c mice have been studied. Isologous anti-BPO aId were raised in BALB/c mice by immunization with purified anti-BPO antibodies isolated from ascites induced with BPO-bovine gamma-globulin in the same mouse strain. Mice producing isologous anti-BPO aId exhibited long-term suppression of BPO-specific IgE and IgG antibody responses induced by BPO-ovalbumin (BPO-OVA) in aluminum hydroxide. Simultaneously, they produced increased amounts of anti-BPO aId after each challenge with the BPO-OVA antigens. Passive administration of isologous anti-BPO aId into syngeneic mice previously sensitized with BPO-OVA caused depression of BPO-specific IgE antibody levels for 2 to 3 weeks. When anti-BPO IgE had again reached its previous level, passively administered aId had decreased to the level of untreated mice. Passive administration of anti-BPO aId also depressed the primary anti-BPO IgE formation for 2 to 3 weeks. In all these experiments the IgE antibody formation against the carrier proteins used for BPO-antigens was not affected. These results show that IgE and IgG antibodies share major idiotypic determinants and that IgE production is accessible to regulation by aId.
Adaptive Structures Research at ISAS, 1984-1990 (1992)

This article reviews the research and development on adaptive structures and intelligent structural systems done by the structures and structural dynamic group at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) from 1984 to 1990. Our activity is closely linked to the practical needs for actively controlled structures on board scientific satellites and interplanetary vehicles which ISAS launches annually. The subjects described here are: the proposal of novel structural concepts such as the variable geometry truss, the adaptive structure and the tension truss antenna; the proposal of vibration control schemes for flexible structures and the shape control scheme for precision antenna reflectors; and the study on construction of large space structures by assembling adaptive structures.
Hydrophobicity engineering of cholera toxin A1 subunit in the strong adjuvant fusion protein CTA1-DD (1999)

Protein engineering of the cholera toxin A1 subunit (CTA1) fused to a dimer of the Ig-binding D-region of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (DD) was employed to investigate the effect of specific amino acid changes on solubility, stability, enzymatic activity and capacity to act as an adjuvant in vivo. A series of CTA1-DD analogues were selected by a rational modeling approach, in which surface-exposed hydrophobic amino acids of CTA1 were exchanged for hydrophilic counterparts modeled for best structural fit. Of six different mutants initially produced, two analogues, CTA1Phe132Ser-DD and CTA1Pro185Gln-DD, were demonstrated to have 50 and 70% increased solubility, respectively, at neutral pH. The double mutant CTA1Phe132Ser/Pro185Gln-DD was at least threefold more soluble, demonstrating an additive effect of the two mutations. Only the Phe132Ser analogue retained full biological activity and stability compared with the native CTA1-DD fusion protein. Two mutants, Pro185Gln and Phe31His mutations, exhibited unaltered ADP-ribosyltransferase activity in vitro, but demonstrated markedly reduced adjuvant function. Since the Pro185 and Phe31 amino acids are located in close vicinity on the distal side of the molecule relative to the enzymatically active cleft, it is conceivable that this region is involved in mediating a biological function, separate from the enzymatic activity but intrinsic to the adjuvant activity of CTA1.
A Sequence-ready Contig Map of the Top Arm of Arabidopsis thaliana Chromosome 3 (1999)

A fine physical map of the top arm of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3 has been constructed by ordering P1, TAC and BAC clones using the sequences of a variety of DNA markers and end-sequences of clones. The marker sequences used in this study were derived from 58 DNA markers, 93 YAC end-sequences, and 807 end-sequences of P1, TAC and BAC clones. The entire top arm of chromosome 3, except for the centromeric and telomeric regions, was covered by a single contig 13.3 Mb long. This fine physical map will facilitate gene isolation by map-based cloning experiments as well as genome sequencing of the top arm of chromosome 3. The map and end-sequence information are available on the web site KAOS (Kazusa Arabidopsis data Opening Site) at [http://www.kazusa.or.jp/arabi/].
Novel Chalcogenide Materials for x ray and Gamma ray Detection (2016)

Abstract : This project focused on exploring the potential of a new heavy atom chalcogenide family of semiconductors for room temperature gamma radiation detection. Its goal was to accelerate nuclear detector material discovery and development through innovative materials design/selection, synthesis and characterization. The project succeeded in expanding the currently small portfolio of potential materials. It allowed the assessment of fundamental limits for performance of the new materials. The project also focused in delineating clear relationships between material composition, structure and properties and the targeted performance and how they evolve from one material to the next. The close coupling of experiment and theory created an accelerated fundamental materials discovery effort which is greatly needed to develop the next generation radiation detector materials. The project investigated ternary chalcogenide semiconductors using selection criteria relevant to y-ray detection at room temperature. These include heavy element composition, extended structures and wide energy band gap 1.8 Eg 2.5 eV.
Laboratory diagnosis of pertussis infections: the role of PCR and serology (2004)

This study reports on practical laboratory aspects of pertussis diagnosis. PCR assays were applied to respiratory specimens obtained during a large study of infants (less than 5 months old) admitted to paediatric intensive care units (n = 122), children (less than 15 years old) admitted to paediatric wards (n = 16) and their household contacts (n = 320). Estimation of antibodies to pertussis toxin and culture for Bordetella pertussis were attempted on specimens from the same patients, where available, and the overall utility of the diagnostic PCR assays was assessed by comparison to these results. A PCR assay for the human mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (HMCO) gene was used for quality control of the extracted samples and an internal process control (IPC) was included in each sample to test for PCR inhibition. Four of 458 samples were considered unsuitable (three HMCO negative, one IPC negative) and excluded from further analyses. Positive PCR results were considered valid if they were either (i) positive for both of two B. pertussis gene targets (pertussis toxin S1 promoter and the insertion element IS481), i.e. consensus PCR positive, or (ii) repeatably positive in only one assay. Using these criteria, 52 of 454 (11.5 %) samples were considered as PCR positive for B. pertussis. Six of 356 samples were culture-positive for B. pertussis, 1/88 infants, 3/14 children and 2/254 contacts, giving an overall isolation rate of 1.7 %. Using these data, PCR gave an almost fivefold increase in diagnostic yield compared with culture (McNemar's test; P < 0.0001). Sera from 9/111 infants, 5/10 children and 14/210 contacts were positive. Serology and PCR results showed a high level of agreement (113/121) for infants and children. PCR demonstrated a significant improvement in diagnostic yield over culture. Serological testing also resulted in a significant increase in diagnostic yield compared to culture alone. PCR is a useful technique, but validity of results must be assured by careful control. Rapid diagnosis of B. pertussis infection particularly in infants by PCR, together with serological assays, can enhance surveillance systems for pertussis in all age groups.
Multiple-Quantum Transitions in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1959)

The theory of Bloch and Wangsness for nuclear magnetic resonance signals is applied to multiple-quantum transitions. In most of the NMR experiments, the energy level schemes are only slightly different from an equally spaced Zeeman pattern, so that a simultaneous absorption of several radiation quanta with the same frequency can take place. It is found that the multiplicity, or the number of quanta absorbed in the transition, is most easily determined through the specific dependence of the multiple quantum signals on the rf field amplitude. The dependence of the signals on various relaxation parameters is developed and is found to provide information about relaxation processes which is not derivable from ordinary single-quantum transitions.A method of enhancing multiple transitions by audio-modulating the radio-frequency field is described. This is helpful in cases where the frequency deviations from an equally spaced Zeeman pattern are so large that a direct multiple transition is too weak to be observed.
Identification of distinct protein expression patterns in bilateral matched pair breast ductal fluid specimens from women with unilateral invasive breast carcinoma (2002)

The breast is a unique organ in that its microenvironment can be readily accessed and evaluated by aspiration of fluid from the nipple. Breast ductal fluid contains a large number of proteins. As breasts are paired organs, comparisons of ductal fluid from a breast with cancer and the same patient's normal contralateral breast may reveal significant differences in protein expression associated with breast carcinoma. Recent advances in image analysis, automated mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics have provided the tools necessary to use ductal fluids from breast carcinoma patients for high-throughput biomarker discovery.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the application of capsaicin cream in chronic distal painful polyneuropathy (1995)

We have completed a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study on the efficacy of the application of capsaicin (CAPS) cream (0.075%) in the treatment of chronic distal painful polyneuropathy. Forty patients were enrolled and 39 completed the study. The 2 limbs were randomly assigned to CAPS or placebo (PLAC). The cream was applied 4 times a day. The first tube contained the active PLAC, methyl nicotinate. In the final 4 weeks (single-blind wash-out phase), PLAC was administered bilaterally. Efficacy was evaluated using the following scales: (1) investigator global, (2) patient global, (3) visual analog (VAS) of pain severity, (4) VAS of pain relief, (5) activities of daily living, and (6) allodynia. Patients were examined at onset and at monthly intervals using a neurologic disability scale, nerve conduction studies, computer-assisted sensory examination for vibration and thermal cooling and warming, QSART (quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test) and quantitative flare response. There was no statistical evidence of efficacy of CAPS cream over PLAC for any of the pain indices. At early time points (1-4 weeks), there were a small number of indices that favored the PLAC. The percent of limbs that improved on the investigator's global scale were 51.3 vs. 53.8 at 4 weeks, 56.4 vs. 64.1 at 8 weeks and 59 vs. 66.7 at 12 weeks for CAPS vs. PLAC; no statistically significant difference was found. All the safety indices showed no difference between sides. We interpret the early hyperalgesia on the CAPS side as being responsible for the better performance of PLAC at early time points. The large percentage of limbs that improved may be a pronounced PLAC response.