gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CNC-lithography: Computer-controlled multidirectional light-motion-synchronized lithography for 3-D microfabrication (2015)

This paper presents a computer-controlled multidirectional UV-LED (ultraviolet light-emitting diode) lithography system for three-dimensional (3-D) microfabrication, introducing the concept of CNC-lithography. The system comprises a switchable, movable UV-LED array as a light source and a motorized tilt-rotational sample holder, in which each system element is computer-controlled. This approach enables a relatively small size and overall portability of the system. The proposed system has two unique features; (1) the movable LED array improves the uniform UV light distribution over the substrate area; and (2) the switchable function of the LEDs is synchronized with the movement of the tilt-rotational sample holder, enabling the creation of 3-D patterns of substantial complexity. Unlike layer-by-layer additive approaches such as stereolithography, the CNC-lithography system can form fine shapes with no layering artifacts in a batch-compatible manner, at the expense of true arbitrariness of formable shape. When compared to conventional inclined lithography, CNC-lithography greatly increases ease of fabrication by eliminating multiple manual exposure steps and also enables the fabrication of new 3-D structures that would have been challenging to implement previously. Demonstration lithographic shapes, including a micro-`pipe,' a micro-`hi,' a micro-`Calla lily,' and a micro-`cyborg', are fabricated to illustrate the range of the process.
Biomolecule‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Applications in Nanobioelectronics (2004)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) revealing metallic or semiconductive properties depending on the folding modes of the nanotube walls represent a novel class of nanowires. Different methods to separate semiconductive CNTs from conductive CNTs have been developed, and synthetic strategies to chemically modify the side walls or tube ends by molecular or biomolecular components have been reported. Tailoring hybrid systems consisting of CNTs and biomolecules (proteins and DNA) has rapidly expanded and attracted substantial research effort. The integration of biomaterials with CNTs enables the use of the hybrid systems as active field-effect transistors or biosensor devices (enzyme electrodes, immunosensors, or DNA sensors). Also, the integration of CNTs with biomolecules has allowed the generation of complex nanostructures and nanocircuitry of controlled properties and functions. The rapid progress in this interdisciplinary field of CNT-based nanobioelectronics and nanobiotechnology is reviewed by summarizing the present scientific accomplishments, and addressing the future goals and perspectives of the area.
Response of Thermal-Conductivity Cells in Gas Chromatography (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResponse of Thermal-Conductivity Cells in Gas ChromatographyL. J. Schmauch and R. A. DinersteinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 3, 343–352Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60159a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60159a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Susceptibility to<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>is associated with host immune responses involving tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) and TNF receptor-2 (TNFR2) (2008)

Melioidosis is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei. Using C57BL/6 mice, we investigated the role of macrophages, TNF-alpha, TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) and TNF receptor-2 (TNFR2) in host defense against B. pseudomallei using an experimental model of melioidosis. This study has demonstrated that in vivo depletion of macrophages renders C57BL/6 mice highly susceptible to intranasal infection with B. pseudomallei, with significant mortality occurring within 5 days of infection. Using knockout mice, we have also shown that TNF-alpha and both TNFR1 and TNFR2 are required for optimal control of B. pseudomallei infection. Compared with control mice, increased bacterial loads were demonstrated in spleen and liver of knockout mice at day 2 postinfection, correlating with increased inflammatory infiltrates comprised predominantly of neutrophils and widespread necrosis. Following infection with B. pseudomallei, mortality rates of 85.7%, 70% and 91.7% were observed for mice deficient in TNF-alpha, TNFR1 and TNFR2, respectively. Comparison of survival, bacterial loads and histology indicate that macrophages, TNF-alpha, TNFR1 or TNFR2 play a role in controlling rapid dissemination of B. pseudomallei.
A study of the control of NADP<sup>+</sup>‐dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity during gonadotropin‐induced development of the rat ovary (1991)

The concentration of cytoplasmic NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase increased 20.2-fold during gonadotropin-induced development of the immature rat ovary. Measurement was by protein (Western) blotting using polyclonal antibodies raised against purified enzyme from the porcine corpus luteum. The increase in enzyme concentration during development correlated well with the 18.5-fold increase observed for the specific activity of the enzyme in the cytosolic fraction. An immunochemical similarity was demonstrated between the cytoplasmic enzyme from the ovary, testes, placenta, skeletal muscle, brain, liver, kidney, mammary and adrenal gland. However the mitochondrial NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from these tissues was found to be immunochemically distinct from the cytoplasmic enzyme. The concentration of the substrate D(+/-)-threo-isocitrate in the ovaries was measured by fluorometry and found to increase 3.1-fold during hormone-induced development. The intracellular concentration of substrate was estimated to be of the same order of magnitude as the enzyme concentration. We conclude that the increase in cytoplasmic NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity observed during the gonadotropin-stimulated development of the rat ovary is due to increased concentration of enzyme rather than to an activation of the enzyme. The activity of the enzyme in vivo appears to be regulated by the availability of the substrate D(+/-)-threo-isocitrate.
Systematic evaluation of logical story unit segmentation (2002)

Although various logical story unit (LSU) segmentation methods based on visual content have been presented in literature, a common ground for comparison is missing. We present a systematic evaluation of the mutual dependencies of segmentation methods and their performances. LSUs are subjective and cannot be defined with full certainty. To limit subjectivity, we present definitions based on film theory. For evaluation, we introduce a method measuring the quality of a segmentation method and its economic impact rather than the amount of errors. Furthermore, the inherent complexity of the segmentation problem given a visual feature is measured. Also, we show to what extent LSU segmentation depends on the quality of shot boundary segmentation. To understand LSU segmentation, we present a unifying framework classifying segmentation methods into four essentially different types. We present results of an evaluation of the four types under similar circumstances using an unprecedented amount of 20 hours of 17 complete videos in different genres. Tools and ground truths are available for interactive use via the Internet.
Effect of Local Tranexamic Acid Gel in the Treatment of Epistaxis (1995)

In patients with nosebleedings, the hemostatic effect of local application of tranexamic acid gel or placebo was compared in a randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial with parallel groups. The times needed to arrest the initial bleeding were recorded, as well as any rebleedings within 10 days. The results showed no significant differences in any of the efficacy variables. Tranexamic acid was no better than placebo in the early treatment of nose bleedings, but the gel itself seemed to have a beneficial effect. The gel preparations were easy to insert into the nasal cavity and caused no discomfort to the patients.
Recognition and repair of the cyclobutane thymine dimer, a major cause of skin cancers, by the human excision nuclease (2003)

The cyclobutane thymine dimer is the major DNA lesion induced in human skin by sunlight and is a primary cause of skin cancer, the most prevalent form of cancer in the Northern Hemisphere. In humans, the only known cellular repair mechanism for eliminating the dimer from DNA is nucleotide excision repair. Yet the mechanism by which the dimer is recognized and removed by this repair system is not known. Here we demonstrate that the six-factor human excision nuclease recognizes and removes the dimer at a rate consistent with the in vivo rate of removal of this lesion, even though none of the six factors alone is capable of efficiently discriminating the dimer from undamaged DNA. We propose a recognition mechanism by which the low-specificity recognition factors, RPA, XPA, and XPC, act in a cooperative manner to locate the lesion and, aided by the kinetic proofreading provided by TFIIH, form a high-specificity complex at the damage site that initiates removal of thymine dimers at a physiologically relevant rate and specificity.
A system for coarse grained memory protection in tiny embedded processors (2007)

Many embedded systems contain resource constrained microcontrollers where applications, operating system components and device drivers reside within a single address space with no form of memory protection. Programming errors in one application can easily corrupt the state of the operating system and other applications on the microcontroller. In this paper we propose a system that provides memory protection in tiny embedded processors. Our system consists of a software run-time working with minimal low-cost architectural extensions to the processor core that prevents corruption of state by buggy applications. We restrict memory accesses and control flow of applications to protection domains within the address space. The software run-time consists of a Memory map: a flexible and efficient data structure that records ownership and layout information of the entire address space. Memory map checks are done for store instructions by hardware accelerators that significantly improve the performance of our system. We preserve control flow integrity by maintaining a Safe stack that stores return addresses in a protected memory region. Cross domain function calls are redirected through a software based jump table. Enhancements to the microcontroller call and return instructions use the jump table to track the current active domain. We have implemented our scheme on a VHDL model of ATMEGA103 microcontroller. Our evaluations show that embedded applications can enjoy the benefits of memory protection with minimal impact on performance and a modest increase in the area of the microcontroller.
New power theory of the 3-phase non-linear asymmetrical circuits supplied from nonsinusoidal voltage sources (2003)

The concept of orthogonal decomposition of the current of a nonlinear single-phase circuit with a nonsinusoidal voltage source into the active, the scattered, the reactive, and generated components is extended to three-phase asymmetrical circuits. It is shown that the source current in such a circuit can be decomposed into five orthogonal components which depend on distinctively different phenomena. Four of them have the same meaning as in the single-phase circuit, with only a change in their mathematical characterization. An additional orthogonal component appears in the current due to load asymmetry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of a mandibular advancement device on genioglossus in obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome (2014)

MAD therapy for OSAHS could prevent genioglossus fatigue and abnormal fibre-type distribution of genioglossus in OSAHS.
Edge Cloud Offloading Algorithms (2019)

Mobile devices supporting the “Internet of Things” often have limited capabilities in computation, battery energy, and storage space, especially to support resource-intensive applications involving virtual reality, augmented reality, multimedia delivery, and artificial intelligence, which could require broad bandwidth, low response latency, and large computational power. Edge cloud or edge computing is an emerging topic and a technology that can tackle the deficiencies of the currently centralized-only cloud computing model and move the computation and storage resources closer to the devices in support of the above-mentioned applications. To make this happen, efficient coordination mechanisms and “offloading” algorithms are needed to allow mobile devices and the edge cloud to work together smoothly. In this survey article, we investigate the key issues, methods, and various state-of-the-art efforts related to the offloading problem. We adopt a new characterizing model to study the whole process of offloading from mobile devices to the edge cloud. Through comprehensive discussions, we aim to draw an overall “big picture” on the existing efforts and research directions. Our study also indicates that the offloading algorithms in the edge cloud have demonstrated profound potentials for future technology and application development.
On the scaling of air layer drag reduction (2013)

Abstract Air-induced drag reduction was investigated on a 12.9 m long flat plate test model at a free stream speed of $6. 3~\mathrm{m} ~{\mathrm{s} }^{- 1} $ . Measurements of the local skin friction, phase velocity profiles (liquid and gas) and void fraction profiles were acquired at downstream distances to 11.5 m, which yielded downstream-distance-based Reynolds numbers above 80 million. Air was injected within the boundary layer behind a 13 mm backward facing step (BFS) while the incoming boundary layer was perturbed with vortex generators in various configurations immediately upstream of the BFS. Measurements confirmed that air layer drag reduction (ALDR) is sensitive to upstream disturbances, but a clean boundary layer separation line (i.e. the BFS) reduces such sensitivity. Empirical scaling of the experimental data was investigated for: ( a ) the critical air flux required to establish ALDR; ( b ) void fraction profiles; and ( c ) the interfacial velocity profiles. A scaling of the critical air flux for ALDR was developed from balancing shear-induced lift forces and buoyancy forces on a single bubble within a shear flow. The resulting scaling successfully collapses ALDR results from the current and past studies over a range of flow conditions and test model configurations. The interfacial velocity and void fraction profiles were acquired and scaled within the bubble drag reduction (BDR), ALDR and transitional ALDR regimes. The BDR interfacial velocity profile revealed that there was slip between phases. The ALDR results showed that the air layer thickness was nominally three-quarters of the total volumetric flux (per unit span) of air injected divided by the free stream speed. Furthermore, the air layer had an average void fraction of 0.75 and a velocity of approximately 0.2 times the free stream speed. Beyond the air layer was a bubbly mixture that scaled in a similar fashion to the BDR results. Transitional ALDR results indicate that this regime was comprised of intermittent generation and subsequent fragmentation of an air layer, with the resulting drag reduction determined by the fraction of time that an air layer was present.
Characterization of the structural proteins of porcine epizootic diarrhea virus, strain CV777 (1988)

Pig epizootic diarrhea virus cannot be grown in cell culture; for its characterization, intestinal perfusate material from a pig infected with the strain CV777 had to be used. In isopyknic sucrose gradients, a peak of virus-specific ELISA activity was detected at a density of 1.17 g/ml. Using immunoprecipitation of radioiodinated-purified virus material followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 3 proteins of low molecular weight (20,000 to 32,000 daltons [D]) were found; after blotting nitrocellulose and glycoprotein identification with concanavalin A and horseradish peroxidase, 1 of the proteins (23,000 D) gave a signal. Another protein of 58,000 D was encountered, which was the only protein binding an RNA probe. Finally, a protein of 85,000 D was visible, associated with minor bands of about 110,000 and 135,000 D in most experiments. Using the concanavalin A-blotting technique, the same bands were visualized. The demonstration of a polydisperse cluster of proteins from 20,000 to 32,000 D (of which at least 1 is glycosylated), of glycosylated proteins from 85,000 to 135,000 D, and of an RNA-binding protein of 58,000 D is taken as structural evidence that pig epizootic diarrhea virus should be classified with the Coronaviridae, irrespective of the apparent lack of an antigenic relationship with other members of that family.
Quantification of Afferent Vessels Shows Reduced Brain Vascular Density in Subjects with Leukoaraiosis (2004)

Findings of decreased afferent vascular density in the area of LA and outside the lesion indicate that LA is a generalized cerebrovascular disease process rather than one confined to deep WM.
Overlapping community detection at scale (2013)

Network communities represent basic structures for understanding the organization of real-world networks. A community (also referred to as a module or a cluster) is typically thought of as a group of nodes with more connections amongst its members than between its members and the remainder of the network. Communities in networks also overlap as nodes belong to multiple clusters at once. Due to the difficulties in evaluating the detected communities and the lack of scalable algorithms, the task of overlapping community detection in large networks largely remains an open problem.
Solid-Phase Methods for the Synthesis of Cyanine Dyes (2005)

We report here a series of studies that explore solid-phase methodologies for the synthesis of various cyanine dyes. The scope of the previously reported catch-and-release method using sulfonyl chloride resin(1) has now been extended to include pentamethine and water-soluble cyanine dyes. We also report a new and chemically distinct synthetic strategy, employing the stepwise attack of heterocyclic carbon nucleophiles on immobilized polyene-chain precursors, allowing the clean synthesis of hydrophobic and hydrophilic trimethine and pentamethine dyes from more easily obtained starting materials. Overall, both approaches appear to be robust and versatile strategies to delivering a wide range of cyanine-based dyes in high purity.
From metal/semiconductor separation to single‐chirality separation of single‐wall carbon nanotubes using gel (2011)

Abstract In the present work, a review of the metallic (M) and semiconducting (S) separation of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using polysaccharide gels is presented. First, the progress of the M/S separation is described, including the following: the discovery of high‐yield separation using agarose gel electrophoresis, the separation of SWCNTs without an electric field, such as through the use of the freeze and squeeze method, the development of continuous separation using column chromatography, and the single‐chirality separation of SWCNTs using a multicolumn with dextran‐based gel. Next, the separation mechanism using gel is discussed, in which separation is achieved by selective adsorption of S‐SWCNTs by gel with a specific combination of surfactant and gel. Lastly, future directions for the separation of SWCNTs and for the use of the separated SWCNTs are discussed. magnified image (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quinazolines and 1,4‐benzodiazepines. LXXIII. The ring expansion of 2‐chloromethylquinazoline 3‐oxides with nitromethane (1976)

Abstract The reaction of 2‐chloromethylquinazoline 3‐oxides (3) with the anion of nitromethane gave the 2‐nitromethylene benzodiazepine oxides (4) as a result of ring expansion. Other nucleophiles led only to products derived from substitution of the halogen. The ring expansion of 2,2‐dichloro‐1,2‐dihydroquinazolines with nitromethane anion is also described.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Turbulent Waverider Flowfield with Sideslip (1997)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Mucosal concentration and excretion of clindamycin by the human stomach (1994)

Each of 12 patients undergoing routine diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy received a single iv infusion of clindamycin phosphate 300 mg over 10 min. During the endoscopy, mucosal biopsies of the gastric antrum and fundus were obtained at varying times following the infusion. The clindamycin concentrations in the biopsies and in serum samples also taken after the infusion were determined. In addition, six healthy volunteers participated in a cross-over study on two different days. On both days, each subject received a single iv infusion of clindamycin phosphate 300 mg, immediately after which, gastric secretion was stimulated by iv pentagastrin (2 micrograms/kg/h) which was infused continuously over 150 min. On one of the study days, acid secretion by the stomach was inhibited by a slow iv infusion of ranitidine 50 mg. Clindamycin concentrations in gastric aspirates and serum samples collected after the infusion were determined. Concentrations of clindamycin in the fundal mucosa were significantly higher than the simultaneous serum concentrations (median ratio of tissue concentration to serum concentration, 2.0; P < 0.005) while concentrations in the antral mucosa were similar to those in serum (median ratio, 1.2; P = 0.65). Ranitidine significantly inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion as demonstrated by a decrease in the volume of gastric aspirate when ranitidine was administered compared with when it was not administered (P < 0.01). Clindamycin concentrations in gastric juice were approximately one and one-half times higher than those in serum samples obtained simultaneously, both during stimulation of gastric acid secretion with pentagastrin and during inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion with ranitidine. Gastric juice concentrations of clindamycin were significantly higher following administration of ranitidine than after stimulation of gastric secretion by pentagastrin alone. Fundal mucosal and gastric juice concentrations of clindamycin exceeded the hypothetical maximum serum concentrations, indicating that accumulation in the stomach occurred against a concentration gradient.