gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(R)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro[1]benzothieno[2,3-c]pyridines: novel optically active compounds with strong 5-HT1A receptor binding ability exhibiting anticonflict activity and lessening of memory impairment (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(R)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro[1]benzothieno[2,3-c]pyridines: novel optically active compounds with strong 5-HT1A receptor binding ability exhibiting anticonflict activity and lessening of memory impairmentHiromu Kawakubo, Seiji Takagi, Yuuji Yamaura, Shinichi Katoh, Yumiko Ishimoto, Tadashi Nagatani, Daisuke Mochizuki, Tomoko Kamata, and Yasuharu SasakiCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 23, 3526–3532Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00075a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (717 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Global gene expression profiling displays a network of dysregulated genes in non-atherosclerotic arterial tissue from patients with type 2 diabetes (2012)

Our results identify pathways and networks involved in the diffuse vasculopathy present in non-atherosclerotic arterial tissue in patients with T2D and confirmed previously observed mRNA-alterations. These abnormalities may play a role for the arterial response to injury and putatively for the accelerated atherogenesis among patients with diabetes.
Nanoliter Array Advances: Miniaturized, High-Speed PCR Sensing & Control (2005)

We have previously reported on our laboratory-on-a-chip nanoarray system based on nanoliter-capacity wells etched in silicon (Young, I.T. et al., J. Microscopy, vol.212, no.3, p.254-63, 2003; Dietrich, H.R.C. et al., Analytical Chemistry, vol.76, no.14, p.4112-17, 2004). We now describe how temperature sensing and control embedded in the floor of the nano-wells make it possible for us to cycle each well independently through the temperatures 92/spl deg/C, 55/spl deg/C, and 75/spl deg/C. This individual temperature cycling on nanoliter wells means that the nano-array architecture is suitable for PCR applications and that the total time needed for 30 cycles of PCR amplification could be less than five minutes. Further, we describe how, by embedding photodiodes in the floor of the wells, we can track the fluorescence associated with the melting and annealing of DNA when labeled with a suitable nucleic acid stain. Measurements performed with the fluorophores Rhodamine B and SYBR Green I have demonstrated our ability to control the temperature, measure the fluorescence, and monitor the denaturation and renaturation of DNA.
Non-Gaussian reflectivity, entropy, and deconvolution (1985)

Abstract Standard deconvolution techniques assume that the wavelet is minimum phase but generally make no assumptions about the amplitude distribution of the primary reflection coefficient sequence. For a white reflection sequence the assumption of a Gaussian distribution means that recovery of the true phase of the wavelet is impossible; however, a non-Gaussian distribution in theory allows recovery of the phase. It is generally recognized that primary reflection coefficients typically have a non-Gaussian amplitude distribution. Deconvolution techniques that assume whiteness but seek to exploit the non-Gaussianity include Wiggins' minimum entropy deconvolution (MED), Claerbout's parsimonious deconvolution, and Gray's variable norm deconvolution. These methods do not assume minimum phase. The deconvolution filter is defined by the maximization of a function called the objective.I examine these and other MED-type deconvolution techniques. Maximizing the objective by setting derivatives to zero results in most cases in a deconvolution filter which is the solution of a highly nonlinear Toeplitz matrix equation. Wiggins' original iterative approach to the solution is suitable for some methods, while for other methods straightforward iterative perturbation approaches may be used instead. The likely effects on noise of the nonlinearities involved are demonstrated as extremely varied. When the form of an objective remains constant with iteration, the most general description of the method is likelihood ratio maximization; when the form changes, a method seeks to maximize relative entropy at each iteration. I emphasize simple and useful link between these methods and the use of M-estimators in robust statistics. In attempting to assess the accuracy of the techniques, the choice between different families of distributions for modeling the distribution of reflection coefficients is important. The results provide important insights into methods of constructing and understanding the statistical implications and behavior of a chosen nonlinearity. A new objective is introduced to illustrate this, and a few particular preferences expressed.The methods are compared with the zero-memory nonlinear deconvolution approach of Godfrey and Rocca (1981); for their approach, two distinctly different yet statistically comparable models for reflection coefficients are seen to give surprisingly similarly shaped nonlinearities.Finally, it is shown that each MED-type method can be viewed as the minimization of a particular configurational entropy expression, where some suitable ratio plays the role of a probability.
Synthesis of uniform carbon@silica nanocables and luminescent silica nanotubes with well controlled inner diameters (2006)

Uniform carbon@silica nanocables and silica nanotubes with well-controlled inner diameters can be synthesized in an easy way by a sacrificial templating method. This was performed using carbon nanofibres as hard templates that were synthesized previously by a hydrothermal carbonization process. Silica nanotubes with well-controlled inner diameters were synthesized from carbon@silica core–shell nanostructures by removal of the core carbon component. The inner diameters of the as-prepared silica nanotubes can be well controlled from several nanometres to hundreds of nanometres by adjusting the diameters of the carbon nanofibres. The silica nanotubes synthesized by this method display strong photoluminescence in ultraviolet at room temperature. Such uniform silica nanotubes might find potential applications in many fields such as encapsulation, catalysis, chemical/biological separation, and sensing.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Stimulated and Cascaded Raman Scattering in Ultrahigh-&lt;tex&gt;$Q$&lt;/tex&gt;Optical Microcavities (2004)

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in ultrahigh-Q (UHQ) surface-tension-induced spherical and chip-based toroid microcavities is considered both theoretically and experimentally. These microcavities are fabricated from silica, exhibit small mode volume (typically 1000 /spl mu/m/sup 3/) and possess whispering-gallery type modes with long photon storage times (in the range of 100 ns), significantly reducing the threshold for stimulated nonlinear optical phenomena. Oscillation threshold levels of less than 100 /spl mu/W of launched fiber pump power, in microcavities with quality factors of 100 million are observed. Using a steady-state analysis of the coupled-mode equations for the pump and Raman whispering-gallery modes, the threshold, efficiencies and cascading properties of SRS in UHQ devices are derived. The results are experimentally confirmed in the telecommunication band (1550 nm) using tapered optical fibers as highly efficient waveguide coupling elements for both pumping and signal extraction. The device performance dependence on coupling, quality factor and modal volume are measured and found to be in good agreement with theory. This includes analysis of the threshold and efficiency for cascaded Raman scattering. The side-by-side study of nonlinear oscillation in both spherical microcavities and toroid microcavities on-a-chip also allows for comparison of their properties. In addition to the benefits of a wafer-scale geometry, including integration with optical, electrical, or mechanical functionality, microtoroids on-a-chip exhibit single mode Raman oscillation over a wide range of pump powers.
Use of cetrorelix in combination with clomiphene citrate and gonadotrophins: a suitable approach to 'friendly IVF'? (2002)

Increasing the daily cetrorelix dose from 0.25 to 0.5 mg might decrease the number of premature LH surges. Soft stimulation protocols with clomiphene should be used cautiously.
Treatment Strategies Designed to Minimize Medical Complications of Allergic Rhinitis (1997)

Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis affect many million Americans and account for close to $2 billion annually in medical costs and lost productivity. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis, including sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and pruritus are, at best, very annoying and may be quite debilitating in some patients, causing irritability, insomnia, and fatigue. Moreover, allergic rhinitis is often not self-limiting and can contribute to serious medical complications such as sinusitis and otitis. Aggressive medical management of allergic rhinitis is important in the therapy for chronic sinusitis and otitis media and may prevent progression to more serious disease. Accurate diagnosis and initiation of environmental control measures to reduce exposure to causative factors should accompany initiation of pharmacotherapy. Antihistamines form the cornerstone of pharmacologic therapy, and use of the newer nonsedating antihistamines such as loratadine, terfenadine, and astemizole is not associated with the sedation produced by the classic antihistamines. Both loratadine and terfenadine are available in combination with a decongestant. Topical intranasal corticosteroids are another important component of pharmacologic management of allergic rhinitis. Allergen immunotherapy (hyposensitization) is used in those patients not adequately managed with pharmacotherapy. The relative safety and convenient dosing schedule of the newer medications should be accompanied by enhanced patient compliance and, hence, better control of allergic symptoms, halting progression of allergic rhinitis to serious medical complications.
SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF 2,3-DIHYDRO- 5-ARYL-5H,6H-THIAZOLO[3,2-b]-2,4-DIAZAFLUORENE-3,6-DIONES OF POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES (1988)

Abstract 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-l-aryl-3,9-dioxo-2,4-diazafluorenes (2) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-aryl-9-oxo-3-thi-oxo-2,4-diazafluorenes (3) were newly synthesized. Compounds 3 reacted with chloroacetic acid, α-bromopropanoic acid, or B-bromopropanoic acid in the presence of fused sodium acetate and acetic anhydride to give 2,3-dihydro-5-aryl-5H,6H-thiazolo[3,2-b]2,4-diazafluorene-3,6-diones (4), 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-5-aryl-5H,6H-thiazolo[3,2-b]2,4-diazafluorene-3,6-diones (5) and 2,3-dihydro-6-aryl-6H,7H-thiazino[3,2-b]2,4-diazafluorene-4,7-diones (6), respectively. 2,3-Dihydro-2-arylmethylene-5-aryl-5H,6H-thiazolo[3,2-b]2,4-diazafluorene-3,6-diones (7) were prepared by the reaction of compounds (3) with chloroacetic acid and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of fused sodium acetate and acetic anhydride or by the reactions of (4) with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of acetic anhydride. 2-(Arylhydroazono)-5-aryl-2,3-dihydro-5H,6H-thiazolo[3,2-b]2,4-diazafluorene-3,6-diones (8) were synthesized by coupling (4) with aryldiazonium salts in the presence of pyridine.
Recombinant heat shock protein 70 in combination with radiotherapy as a source of tumor antigens to improve dendritic cell immunotherapy (2012)

Local radiotherapy (RT) plus intratumoral dendritic cell (DC) injection can mediate immunological response. We hypothesized that co-injection of exogenous recombinant heat shock protein 70 (rHsp70) in combination with RT-DC could be as effective as co-injection of HSP-peptide for evoking specific immune response. rHsp70-prostate-specific antigen (rHSP70C'-PSA) and α-fetoprotein (rHSP70C'-AFP) were used to compare specific response. Growth inhibition of the tumor and the systemic anti-tumor immune response were measured on CT26/PSA and CT26/AFP mice model. Intratumoral co-injection of rHsp70 and DC into the irradiated tumor site induced a more potent anti-tumor immune response than injection of DC alone. rHsp70 was as effective as rHsp70C'-PSA or rHsp70C'-AFP in inducing a tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response or tumor growth delay. These results demonstrate that co-administration with rHsp70 and RT could be a simple and effective source of tumor antigens to achieve RT-DC immunotherapy protocol and easy to apply in clinical use.
A Sensory Explanation for Visual Attention Deficits in the Elderly (1994)

The activation of transient visual attention is slower and weaker for elderly subjects, reflecting a reduced magnocellular input. This marks a primary visual cause for visual attention deficits of the elderly.
Sterically induced, spontaneous cobalt-carbon bond homolysis and .beta.-elimination reactions of primary and secondary organocobalamins (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSterically induced, spontaneous cobalt-carbon bond homolysis and .beta.-elimination reactions of primary and secondary organocobalaminsGerhard N. Schrauzer and John H. GrateCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3, 541–546Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00393a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00393a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views443Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antigen presentation by parenchymal cells: a route to peripheral tolerance? (1999)

T-cell activation and the development of efficient immune responses requires the delivery, by the antigen-presenting cell, of two distinct signals. The first results from the engagement of the TCR:CD3:CD4 complex, and the second from the interaction of CD28 with the B7 family of co-stimulatory molecules. In this context, the physiological significance and the functional consequences of antigen presentation by B7-deficient parenchymal cells, which express MHC class II molecules as a result of inflammation, remains a matter of debate. In this paper we have attempted to critically review the often conflicting reports on the functional effects of antigen presentation by epithelial and endothelial cells to T cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Our own findings are summarised in a model which is consistent with the suggestion of an important role for antigen presentation by parenchymal cells in the induction and the maintenance of peripheral tolerance.
Efficient coupling of high intensity short laser pulses into snow clusters (2007)

Measurements of energy absorption of high intensity laser pulses in snow clusters are reported. Targets consisting of sapphire coated with snow nanoparticles were found to absorb more than 95% of the incident light compared to 50% absorption in flat sapphire targets.
Alcamo Fundamentals of’s Microbiology (2011)

As you embark upon your studies of the microbial world—and a fascinating world it will be— you will wonder how important some topics are that will be covered. You may ask yourself—or your instructor—how important is this topic to my career? If it is nursing, obviously the material on infectious diseases, epidemiology (the scientific and medical study of the causes, transmission, and control of a disease within a population), and immunology (the study of how our bodies fight an infection or disease) are critical.
Inhibition of selenite‐induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human colonic carcinoma (HT‐29) cells by copper (1998)

Selenite catalytically oxidizes reduced glutathione (GSH) with subsequent generation of superoxide. Our laboratory has previously shown that this selenite-catalyzed generation of superoxide is strongly inhibited by copper [as copper(II) sulfate]. In the present study we have demonstrated that exposure of human colonic carcinoma cells (HT-29) to selenite resulted in the induction of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, an increase in intracellular levels of the antioxidant GSH, and cytotoxicity. Selenite-induced apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, increases in GSH levels, and cytotoxicity were inhibited by copper(II) sulfate. Copper only protected cells from selenite cytotoxicity when cells were exposed to selenite and copper simultaneously, not when cells were pretreated with copper, then washed before selenite exposure. This suggests that copper elicits its protective effect extracellularly. Previous data reported by this laboratory clearly demonstrated that copper inhibited selenite-catalyzed superoxide generation. Collectively, these data suggest that reactive oxygen species may play a role in selenite-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation.
Immunopharmacological studies of beta-1,3-glucan. (1994)

The influence of a nonsoluble beta-1,3-glucan preparation on the immune response of mice and rats to sheep red blood cells and to phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) T cell mitogen were evaluated. Treatment with glucan increased the hemagglutinin titers in both species and the response of mice spleen cells to PHA.
Tuberculosis: a global overview of the situation today. (1992)

The overall tuberculosis situation in the world in 1990 and its recent trends are reviewed by an analysis of the case notifications to WHO and tuberculosis mortality reports. Estimates of the prevalence of tuberculosis infection and the incidence of tuberculosis disease and deaths predicted in 1990 were carried out with simple epidemiological models. Approximately one third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the past decade, an average of 2.5 to 3.2 million cases were notified every year globally, the small decrease in notification rates in recent years being offset by population growth. In 1990, an estimated 8 million people developed tuberculosis worldwide and 2.6 to 2.9 million died. The majority of these cases and deaths occurred in Asia, with an increasing number among HIV-infected individuals, especially in Africa where an upward trend is clearly detectable. Data on tuberculosis cases notified by WHO Member States demonstrate the magnitude of the problem but must be interpreted with caution. Being less than the expected incidence, they reflect the inadequacies of tuberculosis control programmes. This review confirms the very high global magnitude of the tuberculosis problem and calls for an urgent revitalization of tuberculosis control programmes throughout the world.
Approximation Algorithms for Some Routing Problems (1978)

Several polynomial time approximation algorithms for some $NP$-complete routing problems are presented, and the worst-case ratios of the cost of the obtained route to that of an optimal are determined. A mixed-strategy heuristic with a bound of 9/5 is presented for the stacker-crane problem (a modified traveling salesman problem). A tour-splitting heuristic is given for k-person variants of the traveling salesman problem, the Chinese postman problem, and the stacker-crane problem, for which a minimax solution is sought. This heuristic has a bound of $e + 1 - 1/k$, where e is the bound for the corresponding 1-person algorithm.
A Review on Medicinal Plant of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (2013)

Glycyrrhiza glabra L (Licorice) as native and pasture medicinal plant has most important export rule. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) or Glycyrrhizin as a main active component of licorice root and rhizomes, is a triterpenoid saponin claimed to be up to 30-50 times sweeter than sucrose and to be used in pharmaceuticals, food and tobacco industry. Licorice root is a traditional medicine used mainly for the treatment of peptic ulcer, hepatitis C, and pulmonary and skin diseases, although clinical and experimental studies suggest that it has several other useful pharmacological properties such as antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anticancer activities, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects. A large number of components have been isolated from licorice, including triterpene saponins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and chalcones, with glycyrrhizic acid normally being considered to be the main biologically active component. Understanding of the limitations and challenges in the medicinal plant are need for planning principles for development activities and conservation in this field.In this review summarizes the phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetics data, together with the clinical as one of the most important herbs in exports and adverse effects of licorice.
Development of a downhole instrument for measuring real-time concentration of ionic species in geothermal wells. (2014)

Abstract not provided.