gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on commercial typhus vaccines. III. The concentration and isolation of the Rickettsia-specific soluble antigen of commercial typhus vaccine. (1950)

Summary The soluble antigen (S) of the commercial typhus vaccine has been concentrated by a variety of methods. Sedimentation in an ultracentrifuge at 90,000 G for 40 minutes has resulted in the isolation of a considerably purified S in good yield, possessing both the epidemic and murine complement-fixing activities of the original vaccine. Alcohol and salt precipitation were not successful in effecting a purification of S or in preserving the solubility of this material. Two isolation methods, based on a prior knowledge of the chemically reactive carbonyl groups of S, were successful in the concentration and purification of S in an active antigenic state, although the power to fix murine antibody in the complement-fixing reaction was frequently lost. The product obtained as a result of treatment with phenylhydrazine-p-sulfonic acid, although still impure, was soluble after lyophilization. This material, as well as the far purer material precipitated with Na 2 SO 3 , represents a concentrated antigen solution potentially adaptable for numerous practical ends.
The Expanding Role of APRIL in Cancer and Immunity (2008)

Proteins of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family are implicated in the regulation of essential cell processes such as proliferation, differentiation, survival and cell death. Altered expression of TNF family members is often associated with pathological conditions such as autoimmune disease and cancer. The TNF-like ligand APRIL (A PRoliferation Inducing Ligand), first described in 1998, was named for its capacity to stimulate tumour cell proliferation in vitro. APRIL expression was initially reported in haematopoietic cells in physiological conditions, and it is overexpressed in certain tumour tissues. APRIL is now known to be involved in activation and immune responses of B cells, as well as in B cell malignancies. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding APRIL and its receptors in physiology and tumour pathology, including the accumulating evidence that specific Toll-like receptor ligands can trigger APRIL-mediated responses, and the identification of new sources of APRIL such as epithelial cells and tumour-infiltrating neutrophils.
DC–DC Converter: Four Switches&lt;tex&gt;$V_rm pk=V_rm in/2$&lt;/tex&gt;, Capacitive Turn-Off Snubbing, ZV Turn-On (2004)

A new four-switch full-bridge dc-dc converter topology is especially well-suited for power converters operating from high input voltage: it imposes only half of the input voltage across each of the four switches. The two legs of a full-bridge converter are connected in series with each other, across the dc input source, instead of the usual topology in which each leg is connected across the dc source. The topology reduces turn-off switching losses by providing capacitive snubbing of the turn-off voltage transient, and eliminates capacitor-discharge turn-on losses by providing zero-voltage turn-on. (Switching losses are especially important in converters operating at high input voltage because turn-on losses are proportional to the square of the input voltage, and turn-off losses are proportional to the input voltage). The topology is suitable for resonant and nonresonant converters. It adds one bypass capacitor and one commutating inductor to the minimum-topology full-bridge converter (that inductor is already present in many present-day converters, to provide zero-voltage turn-on, or is associated with one or two capacitors to provide resonant operation), and contains a dc-blocking capacitor in series with the output transformer, primary winding, and some nonresonant converters (that capacitor is already present in resonant power converters). The paper gives a theoretical analysis, and experimental data on a 1.5-kW example that was built and tested: 600-Vdc input, 60-Vdc output at up to 25A, and 50-kHz switching frequency. The measured performance agreed well with the theoretical predictions. The measured efficiency was 93.6% at full load, and was a maximum of 95.15% at 44.8% load.
Antioxidative Action of Diterpenoids from<i>Podocarpus nagi</i> (1997)

Diterpenoids, totarol (1), totaradiol (2), 19-hydroxytotarol (3), totaral (4), 4 beta-carboxy-19-nortotarol (5), sugiol (6), isolated from Podocarpus nagi, were evaluated as antioxidants. Microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)-ADP/NADPH and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)-ADP/ NADH were inhibited by these terpenoids. They inhibited linoleic acid autoxidation but not generation of superoxide anion. Totarol (1) protected mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities against NADPH induced oxidative injury. Totarane diterpenes from P. nagi were shown to be effective to protect biological systems and function against various oxidative stresses.
Hypervisor-based prevention of persistent rootkits (2010)

Rootkits are prevalent in today's Internet. In particular, persistent rootkits pose a serious security threat because they reside in storage and survive system reboots. Using hypervisors is an attractive way to deal with rootkits, especially when the rootkits have kernel privileges, because hypervisors have higher privileges than OS kernels. However, most of the previous studies do not focus on prevention of persistent rootkits. This paper presents a hypervisor-based file protection scheme for preventing persistent rootkits from residing in storage. Based on security policies created in a secure environment, the hypervisor makes critical system files read-only and unmodifiable by rootkits even if they have kernel privileges. Our scheme is designed to significantly reduce the size of hypervisors when combined with the architecture of BitVisor, a thin hypervisor for enforcing I/O device security, thereby contributing to the reliability of hypervisors. Our hypervisor consists of only 37 kilo lines of code in total, and its overhead on Windows XP with a FAT32 file system is only 1.1% -- 14.0%.
Photonic instantaneous frequency measurement using optical carrier suppression based DC power monitoring (2011)

A photonic-assisted technique for instantaneous microwave frequency measurement is experimentally demonstrated using cascaded MZMs via optical carrier suppression (OCS) technique. The microwave frequency can be simply estimated by monitoring direct current (DC) optical power.
Preparation and Characterization of New Glassy System As<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>8</sub>−Ga<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> (2008)

Glasses having the composition (100 - x)As2P2S8-xGa2S3 with x ranging from 0 to 50% were investigated to determine the compositional effect on properties and local structure. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the stability parameter against crystallization (Tx - Tg) increased with the addition of Ga2S3. The structure of these glasses was probed by Raman scattering, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. On the basis of the observed vibrations and the strength of the 31P-31P homonuclear magnetic dipolar coupling, two scenarios can be proposed for the structural evolution induced by the addition of Ga2S3. For x <or= 20% we may have the formation of GaS4E- groups (E = nonbonding electron), and for x >or= 30% we have depolymerization of the As2P2S8 units and the formation of a network of GaPS4 units with each PS 4/2 unit (Q4) species carrying a single positive formal charge.
Determination of the etiology of seroreversals in HIV testing by antibody fingerprinting. (1993)

Fifteen sets of seroreversal serum samples (i.e., an initial specimen confirmed as anti-human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, positive and a 2-4-week follow-up specimen that is anti-HIV negative) were identified from 711,684 military members tested by the U.S. Army HIV screening program from January 1990 to May 1991. We utilized the Miragen Antibody Fingerprinting Assay to determine what proportion of these seroreversals was caused by different or discordant patient samples as opposed to laboratory testing errors. Forty-two percent of these seroreversals demonstrated substantially discordant immunoblot strips representing serum samples from different patients. We recommend utilization of this antibody fingerprinting assay to help determine the etiology of HIV seroreversal specimens.
Direct conversion of perfluoroalkanes and perfluoroarenes to perfluoro Grignard reagents (1998)

Magnesium anthracene selectively reduces C6F12 or C6F6 and CF3C6F11 or CF3C6F5 to C6F5MgF and CF3C6F4MgF, respectively
Performance Optimization of Data Structures Using Memory Access Characterization (2011)

Program performance optimization is generally based on measurements of execution behavior of code segments. However, an equally important task for performance optimizations is understanding memory access behaviors and thus, data structure access patterns and properties. Because memory-related problems in multi-core applications can have a significant impact on overall performance, optimizations in data access patterns will likely give a big boost to application performance. But effective diagnosis of performance bottlenecks requires that the memory measurements be related to high-level data structures (C, C++ arrays, structures, etc.). In this work, we present a low-overhead tool that captures memory traces and computes several metrics for performance characteristics of source-level data structures. Explicit consideration is given to measurement and diagnosis for multicore chips. Case studies which include (manual) use of the data structure memory access metrics to select and implement optimizations are given.
<title>Knowledge-guided parsing in video databases</title> (1993)

Visual information systems require a new insertion process. Prior to storage within the database, the system must first identify the desired objects (shots and episodes), and then calculate a descriptive representation of these objects. This paper discusses the steps in the insertion process, and some of the tools we have developed to semi-automatically segment the data into domain objects which are meaningful to the user. Image processing routines are necessary to derive features of the video frames. Models are required to represent the desired domain, and similarity measures must compare the models to the derived features.
FoxP3+RORγt+ T Helper Intermediates Display Suppressive Function against Autoimmune Diabetes (2010)

Recently, traces of double-positive FoxP3(+)RORgammat(+) T cells were identified and viewed as dual programming differentiation intermediates geared toward development into T regulatory or Th17 cells. In this study, we report that FoxP3(+)RORgammat(+) intermediates arise in the NOD mouse T cell repertoire prior to inflammation and can be expanded with tolerogen without further differentiation. Furthermore, FoxP3(+)RORgammat(+) cells express both CD62L and membrane-bound TGFbeta and use the former to traffic to the pancreas and the latter to suppress effector T cells both in vitro and in vivo. The cells perform these functions as FoxP3(+)RORgammat(+) intermediates, despite being able to terminally differentiate into either FoxP3(+)RORgammat(-) T regulatory or FoxP3(-)RORgammat(+) Th17 cells on polarization. These previously unrecognized observations extend plasticity to both differentiation and function and indicate that the intermediates are poised to traffic to sites of inflammation and target diverse pathogenic T cells, likely without prior conditioning by effector T cells, thus broadening efficacy against autoimmunity.
New trends in maintenance immunosuppression. (1997)

Maintenance immunosuppression in solid organ transplantation has been restricted to three drugs for many years, corticosteroids, azathioprine and cyclosporine. There has been need for more selective drugs with better ratio of efficacy to side effects. During the last decade a variety of new immunosuppressive agents has been under development and some of them are now at hand.
A component-based programming model for composite, distributed applications (2001)

The nature of scientific programming is evolving to larger, composite applications that are composed of smaller element applications. These composite applications are more frequently being targeted for distributed, heterogeneous networks of computers. They are most likely programmed by a group of developers. Software component technology and computational frameworks are being proposed and developed to meet the programming requirements of these new applications. Historically, programming systems have had a hard time being accepted by the scientific programming community. In this paper, a programming model is outlined that attempts to organize the software component concepts and fundamental programming entities into programming abstractions that will be better understood by the application developers. The programming model is designed to support computational frameworks that manage many of the tedious programming details, but also that allow sufficient programmer control to design an accurate, high-performance application.
Tall Cell Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma without Extrathyroid Extension: Biologic Behavior and Clinical Implications (2007)

TCV without ETE is biologically a more aggressive tumor than classical PTC without ETE independent of age, gender, and tumor size.
Treemaps for workload visualization (2003)

The author uses treemaps to present the state of work in a grid or other distributed computing environments, providing users with a view of overall performance and allowing performance analysts to explore data in a creative manner.
Hypolipidemic Activity in Rodents of Phenobarbital and Related Derivatives (1990)

A series of 5-alkyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid analogues were shown to be potent hypolipidemic agents in rats and mice at 20 mg/kg/day. This dose is lower than that required for hypolipidemic activity for clofibrate and nicotinic acid derivatives in rodents and man. These new derivatives reduced both serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rodents by either the oral or intraperitoneal route of administration. Previous studies have demonstrated that similar heterocyclic compounds, i.e. cyclic imides, glutarimides and hydantoins are potent hypolipidemic agents in rodents. The barbituric acid derivatives probably interfered with de novo synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids in the early steps since the agents inhibit the activities of ATP-dependent citrate lyase and acetyl-CoA synthetase. Triglyceride synthesis may be blocked since the agents inhibited the rate limiting enzyme, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate-acyl-transferase. Rat tissue lipids especially cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced after 14 days treatment. Fecal lipids were increased in cholesterol and phospholipid content by selected compounds. The rat serum lipoprotein after 14 days drug administration showed reduced VLDL-cholesterol and HDL-triglyceride contents. The modulation of the lipid content of the serum lipoproteins by the barbituric acids suggest that these agents may be helpful in treating clinical hyperlipidemic disease states.
Potential of the Chinese (PRC) and Indian tourism markets for Asean (2002)

This paper scrutinises the potential economic impact of Chinese (PRC) and Indian tourists on the ASEAN economies. A specific case‐study of Singapore is conducted. Econometric techniques are employed to forecast the visitor‐expenditure of the Chinese (PRC) and Indian tourists. Based on the forecasted value, the input‐output methodology is used to evaluate the potential contribution of Chinese and Indian tourists to the Singapore economy. The overall assessment is favourable. Chinese and Indian tourists are expected to contribute significantly more to the employment and output of Singapore in the medium term. It is likely the results obtained from the Singapore case‐study could be reproduced for the other ASEAN nations.
Real-Time Determination of OBM Filtrate Contamination During Openhole Wireline Sampling (2001)

E&P Exchange - SPE 70479
Calibration and optimization of computer-controlled optical surfacing for large optics (2011)

Precision optical surfaces can be efficiently manufactured using a computer-controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) process. Most CCOS processes are based on control of the dwell time of a tool on the workpiece, according to the desired removal and the tool influence function (TIF), which is the material wear function of the tool. Several major topics were investigated to improve current CCOS processes and provide new solutions for the next generation of CCOS processes. A rigid conformal (RC) lap using a visco-elastic non-Newtonian medium was invented. It conforms to the aspheric surface shape, yet maintains stiffness on short time scales to provide natural smoothing. The smoothing removes mid- to high-frequency errors while controlled dwell time removes low-frequency errors. A parametric smoothing model was also introduced to predict the smoothing effects. A parametric edge TIF model to represent measured edge TIFs was developed and demonstrated. This model covers the removal behavior as the tool overhangs the edge of the workpiece. These new tools and models were applied in a new process optimization technique called nonsequential optimization. The non-sequential approach performs a comprehensive optimization of dwell time using multiple TIFs (multiple tools) simultaneously. An overview of these newly implemented CCOS features** is presented along with some actual CCOS results.
Acylative Dealkylation of <i>N</i>-<i>tert</i>-Butyl-3-substituted Azetidines:  Facile Access to [1.1.0]Azabicyclobutane, 3-Hydroxyazetidinium Hydrochloride, and 3-Azetidinones (1996)

A novel acylative dealkylation of N-tert-butylazetidines and its application to the facile high-yield syntheses of [1.1.0]azabicyclobutane, 3-hydroxyazetidinium hydrochloride, and 3-azetidinones is described.
Synthesis of Responsive Motion Using a Dynamic Model (2010)

Abstract Synthesizing the movements of a responsive virtual character in the event of unexpected perturbations has proven a difficult challenge. To solve this problem, we devise a fully automatic method that learns a nonlinear probabilistic model of dynamic responses from very few perturbed walking sequences. This model is able to synthesize responses and recovery motions under new perturbations different from those in the training examples. When perturbations occur, we propose a physics‐based method that initiates motion transitions to the most probable response example based on the dynamic states of the character. Our algorithm can be applied to any motion sequences without the need for preprocessing such as segmentation or alignment. The results show that three perturbed motion clips can sufficiently generate a variety of realistic responses, and 14 clips can create a responsive virtual character that reacts realistically to external forces in different directions applied on different body parts at different moments in time.
Nursing Intervention for Self‐Esteem Disturbances (1992)

In 1988, the broad diagnosis of self-esteem disturbance was refined into three distinct problems: defensive coping, situational low self-esteem, and chronic low self-esteem. The rationale for this refinement is discussed, and distinct nursing interventions are proposed that differ by type of self-esteem problem and nursing expertise.
Humedales subsuperficiales horizontales en la depuración de aguas oleosas. Cinética de remoción de DQO (2016)

En el presente trabajo primeramente se caracterizo el agua residual oleosa efluente de la Central Electrica fuel oil Santa Clara Industrial “Los Alevines”, corroborandose que la misma no cumple con la norma cubana de vertimiento. Se evaluo la eficiencia de remocion de DQO, grasas, aceitese hidrocarburos en dichas aguas residuales mediante un humedal subsuperficial horizontal experimental a escala de laboratorio, obteniendose el 77% de remocion para la DQO y 87% para las grasas, aceites e hidrocarburos. Se realizo ademas el estudio cinetico de la remocion de DQO, obteniendose un mejor ajuste de los datos experimentales al modelo de saturacion o Monod, siendo las constantes de dicho modelo (K=138,9 mg L-1 y k=4,06 mg L-1 h-1).
Glucagon Antibodies and Their Use for Immunoassay for Glucagon. (1959)

SummaryNon-precipitating antibodies to glucagon have been produced in rabbits and detected by both Berson-Yalow and Skom-Talmadge technics. A basis for an immunoassay for glucagon appears, thereby, to have been established.
Endotoxin exposure and symptoms in asthmatic children (1997)

Endotoxins (ET) are pro-inflammatory substances present in house dust which may increase non-specific bronchial reactivity in asthmatic patients. Endotoxins (EU/g) and Der p 1 levels were compared in the homes of ten asthmatic and ten control children, aged 6-16 years, living in São Paulo, Brazil. The houses were visited once a month from February 1993 to February 1994 and dust samples were collected from the bedding and floor of each subject's house. No significant differences were observed in ET and Der p 1 levels in the homes of asthmatics and controls. The highest ET levels were detected in January and November, whereas the lowest levels were detected in April and August (p < 0.05), demonstrating a distinct seasonal distribution. The highest Der p 1 levels in bedding were observed in July and the lowest in February (p < 0.05), while Der p 1 levels in floor did not show significant differences throughout the year. Symptom and medication scores were evaluated monthly in the group of asthmatic children. There was a significant correlation (p < 0.05, r = 0.63) between clinical symptom scores and ET exposure, however no significant correlation was found for mite exposure (p > 0.05, r = 0.19). The results suggest that ET exposure exacerbates asthmatic symptoms in mite allergic, asthmatic children.
Effect of a calcitonin gene‐related peptide antagonist (CGRP<sub>8–37</sub>) on skin vasodilatation and oedema induced by stimulation of the rat saphenous nerve (1993)

1. The effect of the calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonist (CGRP8-37, 400 nmol kg-1, i.v.) on the increased blood flow induced by calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), vasodilator prostaglandins, and topical capsaicin was measured with a laser Doppler blood flow meter in rat abdominal skin. 2. The saphenous nerve was electrically stimulated and the effect of CGRP8-37 (400 nmol kg-1, i.v.) on the increased blood flow (measured by laser Doppler flowmetry) and oedema formation (measured by the extravascular accumulation of [125I]-albumin) was investigated in the rat hind paw. 3. CGRP8-37 (400 nmol kg-1, i.v.) had no effect on basal cutaneous blood flow at uninjected sites and sites injected with Tyrode buffer, but acted selectively to inhibit the increased blood flow induced by intradermal CGRP (10 pmol/site, P < 0.05), but not that induced by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 300 pmol/site) or carba-prostacyclin (cPGI2, 100 pmol/site). 4. Capsaicin (0.1-33 mM), applied topically, acted in a dose-related manner to increase blood flow. CGRP8-37 (400 nmol kg-1, i.v.) almost totally inhibited blood flow induced by capsaicin (10 mM; P < 0.05) but did not significantly inhibit blood flow induced by a higher dose of capsaicin (33 mM). 5. The increased blood flow induced by short stimulation of the saphenous nerve (10 V, 1 ms, 2 Hz for 30 s) was inhibited by 76%, 5 min after i.v. CGRP8-37 (400 nmol kg-1, i.v., P < 0.05). 6. A longer (5 min) electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve caused oedema formation, in addition to increased blood flow. The oedema formation was significantly inhibited by CGRP8-37 (400 nmol kg-1,i.v., P<0.05).7. The results suggest that the potent microvascular vasodilator neuropeptide, CGRP, is responsible for the increased blood flow observed after short stimulation of the saphenous nerve and that endogenous CGRP contributes in a pro-inflammatory manner to neurogenic oedema formation in the rat hind paw.