gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional profiling of human glioblastoma vessels indicates a key role of VEGF‐A and TGFβ2 in vascular abnormalization (2012)

Abstract Glioblastoma are aggressive astrocytic brain tumours characterized by microvascular proliferation and an abnormal vasculature, giving rise to brain oedema and increased patient morbidity. Here, we have characterized the transcriptome of tumour‐associated blood vessels and describe a gene signature clearly associated with pleomorphic, pathologically altered vessels in human glioblastoma (grade IV glioma). We identified 95 genes differentially expressed in glioblastoma vessels, while no significant differences in gene expression were detected between vessels in non‐malignant brain and grade II glioma. Differential vascular expression of ANGPT2, CD93, ESM1, ELTD1, FILIP1L and TENC1 in human glioblastoma was validated by immunohistochemistry, using a tissue microarray. Through qPCR analysis of gene induction in primary endothelial cells, we provide evidence that increased VEGF‐A and TGFβ2 signalling in the tumour microenvironment is sufficient to invoke many of the changes in gene expression noted in glioblastoma vessels. Notably, we found an enrichment of Smad target genes within the distinct gene signature of glioblastoma vessels and a significant increase of Smad signalling complexes in the vasculature of human glioblastoma in situ . This indicates a key role of TGFβ signalling in regulating vascular phenotype and suggests that, in addition to VEGF‐A, TGFβ2 may represent a new target for vascular normalization therapy. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuropsychiatric Aspects of the Adult Variant of Tay-Sachs Disease (1998)

Tay-Sachs disease (a GM2 gangliosidosis) is an inherited neuronal storage disease that can affect individuals across the age spectrum. Psychosis is reported in 30% to 50% of adult-onset patients, and many are misdiagnosed with schizophrenia. Mood disorders are present in more than 25% and cognitive impairment in more than 20%. Treatment of psychosis with neuroleptics may not have a favorable risk/benefit ratio, but treatment with benzodiazepines or electroconvulsive therapy may be efficacious. Metabolic diseases such as gangliosidosis are probably under-recognized as causes of neuropsychiatric illness. Increased awareness of these disorders will lead to accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment selection, and genetic counseling.
Coating technology based on the vacuum arc-a review (1990)

An overview of the current state of vacuum-arc-based coating technology is presented, with particular emphasis on defining those areas where further investigation would reap the greatest benefits. Particular attention is given to the 'continuous' cathodic arc, which is currently the best understood approach and which has been most successfully adapted for large-scale commercial coating in the United States. It is noted that the greatest promise of ion-based coating technology based on the vacuum arc is the potential for increased control over the coating process. Unlike the case for neutral coating atoms, the presence of a charge on coating ions gives a 'handle' to exert forces on them using electrostatic fields. One can in theory control the trajectory of these ions between the coating source and part to be coated. One can also control the energy with which they impact the substrate. It may even be possible to control the extent of their reactivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extracellular matrix and wound healing (2001)

Over the years, most researchers have approached corneal epithelial and stromal wound healing as separate events. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that even the simplest epithelial debridement wound results in keratocyte death and a subsequent stromal response to regenerate the affected area. Thus, the interaction between stromal and epithelial healing must be considered to fully understand corneal wound healing. Although wound healing has been an active area of research for many years, the advent of refractive surgery has stimulated research into the regulation of wound repair and provided important insights into the molecular components involved in repair. Epithelial and stromal wound healing are influenced by extracellular matrix components. The purpose of the current article is to review progress in the year 2000 toward understanding mechanisms involved in corneal wound healing and how extracellular matrix affects the healing processes.
Inter-Cell Coordinated Resource Allocation for Mobile WiMAX System (2009)

OFDM has become one of the most important Beyond-3G transmission technologies. Mobile WiMAX is a typical representative of OFDM systems. The cross-layer optimization problem of inter-cell coordinated resource allocation for OFDM systems is addressed in this paper. We first analyze the problem by utility-based method, and formulate this optimization problem. Then the globally optimal and a sub-optimal inter-cell resource allocation strategy are proposed respectively in multi-cell scenario. Finally, Mobile WiMAX system is taken as an example for evaluation by system level simulation. The results show that the inter-cell resource allocation strategy can achieve better fairness among users in the entire network. Besides, inter-cell adaptive power allocation can enhance the throughput performance while considering the interference of neighbor cells. And the cell-edge throughput gain decreases with the increase of the number of users in one sector.
A 14-bit high-temperature ΣΔ modulator in standard cmos (2003)

Experimental verification is given for the use of ΣΔ modulation for high-temperature applications (/spl ges/approximately 150°C) in a standard CMOS process. Switched-capacitor circuits are used to implement a second-order single-stage and a third-order 2-1 MASH ΣΔ modulator with single-bit quantization. The two modulators have an oversampling ratio of 256 with an input signal bandwidth of 500 Hz. The modulators were fabricated in a 1.5-μm standard CMOS technology. A fully differential signal path and near minimum sized switches are used to mitigate the effect of large junction-to-substrate leakage current present at high temperatures. Experimental results show both modulators are capable of over 14 bits of resolution at 225°C and over 13 bits of resolution at 255°C. Results show that the single-stage modulator is more resistant to high-temperature circuit impairment than is the MASH cascaded structure.
Phase Relationships in the Binary Systems of Nitrides and Carbides of Zirconium, Columbium, Titanium, and Vanadium (1950)

Previous investigators have shown that the binary systems involving the monocarbides of zirconium, columbium, tantalum, titanium, and vanadium are of the solid solution type, with the exception of which are almost completely insoluble in each other. In the present study it is shown that the mononitrides of zirconium, columbium, titanium, and vanadium, which have the same type crystal structure as the corresponding carbides, are also soluble in each other, with the exception of the pair . As in the case of the carbides, this exception can be explained on the basis of the atomic size rule governing the formation of solid solution. Furthermore, it is established that most of the binary systems formed by a carbide and a nitride are of the solid solution type, providing the atomic diameters of the metal atoms do not differ by more than about 15 per cent. The systems involving zirconium carbide with the nitrides were not investigated because zirconium carbide decomposed in a nitrogen atmosphere at high temperature.
Expression of the Apoptosis Inhibitor Protease Inhibitor 9 Predicts Clinical Outcome in Vaccinated Patients with Stage III and IV Melanoma (2005)

Expression of PI-9 in metastatic melanoma cells is associated with unfavorable clinical outcome whereas MHC-1 down-regulation is not. Although it cannot be proven that PI-9 expression is directly responsible for failure of immunotherapy, these data suggest that expression of PI-9 could be an important immune escape mechanism and that modulation of this inhibitor may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Anthropometry and gender influences on the arm swing's contribution to vertical jump heights (2012)

Healthy college-age subjects (43 men, 32 women) provided data to examine the effect of arm swing on the attainment of maximum countermovement vertical jump heights. Subject's data were collected from two laboratory visits. Maximum-effort jumps were performed, both with and without an arm swing at each visit, as peak height values were collected and recorded by an instrumented platform. A 2 (gender) x 2 (jump condition) ANOVA revealed an interaction, as jumps done with an arm swing done by men produced the highest maximum jump heights. Using two separate multivariate regression analyses, four anthropometric variables (height, body mass, upper leg length, lower leg length) explained a significant amount of variance in maximum height values for jumps done with and without an arm swing. Finally multivariate regression also revealed two upper extremity anthropometric measures (upper and lower arm lengths) accounted for a small (R $^{2} = $ 15% yet significant amount of variance in delta (jumps done with – without an arm swing) height values. Continued research should examine additional predictor variables in an attempt to explain more of the variance in jump height values.
A novel protein shared by RNase MRP and RNase P (1997)

We have isolated suppressors of the temperature-sensitive rRNA processing mutation rrp2-2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A class of extragenic suppressors was mapped to the YBR257w reading frame in the right arm of Chromosome II. Characterization of this gene, renamed POP4, shows that the gene product is necessary both for normal 5.8S rRNA processing and for processing of tRNA. Immunoprecipitation studies indicate that Pop4p is associated with both RNase MRP and RNase P. The protein is also required for accumulation of RNA from each of the two ribonucleoprotein particles.
Practical Datatype Specializations with Phantom Types and Recursion Schemes (2006)

Datatype specialization is a form of subtyping that captures program invariants on data structures that are expressed using the convenient and intuitive datatype notation. Of particular interest are structural invariants such as well-formedness. We investigate the use of phantom types for describing datatype specializations. We show that it is possible to express statically-checked specializations within the type system of Standard ML. We also show that this can be done in a way that does not lose useful programming facilities such as pattern matching in case expressions.
Defect Management Strategies in Software Development (2009)

Software is a unique entity that has laid a strong impact on all other fields either related or not related to software. These include medical, scientific, business, educational, defence, transport, telecommunication to name a few. State-of-the-art professional domain activities demands the development of high quality software. High quality software attributes to a defect-free product, which is competent of producing predictable results and remains deliverable within time and cost constraints. It should be manageable with minimum interferences. It should also be maintainable, dependable, understandable and efficient. Thus, a systematic approach towards high quality software development is required due to increased competitiveness in today's business world, technological advances, hardware complexity and frequently changing business requirements.
On stability of streamwise streaks and transition thresholds in plane channel flows (1998)

Streak breakdown caused by a spanwise inflectional instability is one phase of the following transition scenarios, which occur in plane Poiseuille and Couette flow. The streamwise vortex scenario is described byformula hereThe oblique wave scenario is described byformula hereThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the streak breakdown phase of the above scenarios by a linear stability analysis and compare threshold energies for transition for the above scenarios with those for transition initiated by Tollmien-Schlichting waves (TS), two-dimensional optimals (2DOPT), and random noise (N) at subcritical Reynolds numbers.We find that if instability occurs, it is confined to disturbances with streamwise wavenumbers α0 satisfying 0<αmin< [mid ]α0[mid ]<αmax. In these unstable cases, the least stable mode is located near the centre of the channel with a phase velocity approximately equal to the centreline velocity of the mean flow. Growth rates for instability increase with streak amplitude. For Couette flow streak breakdown is inhibited by mean shear. Using the linear stability analysis, we determine lower bounds on threshold amplitude for transition for scenario (SV) that are consistent with thresholds determined by direct numerical simulations.In the final part of the paper we show that the threshold energies for transition in Poiseuille flow at subcritical Reynolds numbers for scenarios (SV) and (OW) are two orders of magnitude lower than the threshold for transition initiated by Tollmien–Schlichting waves (TS) and an order of magnitude lower than that for (2DOPT). Scenarios (SV) and (OW) occur on a viscous time scale. However, even when transition times are taken into account, the threshold energy required for transition at a given time for (SV) and (OW) is lower than that for the (TS) and (2DOPT) scenarios at Reynolds number 1500.
Increased CD4+ T cell infiltrates in rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial pneumonitis compared with idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis (2005)

IP lesions in patients with RA are characterized by an increased number of CD4+ cells, as compared with that in patients with idiopathic IP. This finding suggests that CD4+ T cells are critical for the development of pulmonary manifestations in RA, and may have implications for the treatment of RA-associated lung disease.
A double-beam telespectrophotometer for field use (1982)

A description is given of a double-beam spectrophotometer that is used to compare the spectral content of parts of two separate telescope images over the wavelength range 380 to 1800 nm. The instrument operates under field conditions and makes use of natural daylight illumination. Experimental results are given to demonstrate agreement with a precision laboratory spectrophotometer and to show typical visible and near-infrared spectra for living eucalyptus vegetation.
Nucleotide Sequence of Equine Caspase-1 cDNA (1999)

Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases which have important roles in activation of cytokines and in apoptosis. Caspase-1, or interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE), promotes maturation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) by proteolytic cleavage of precursor forms to generate biologically active peptides. We report the cloning and sequencing of equine caspase-1 cDNA. Equine caspase-1 is 405 amino acids in length and has 72% and 63% identity to human and mouse caspase-1, respectively, at the amino acid level. Sites of proteolytic cleavage and catalytic activity as identified in human caspase-1, are conserved.
VoP (voice over packet) (2002)

Organizations around the world want to reduce rising communications costs. The consolidation of separate voice and data networks offers an opportunity for significant savings. Accordingly, the challenge of integrating voice and data networks is becoming a rising priority for many network managers. Organizations are pursuing solutions that utilize excess capacity on broadband networks for voice and data transmission, as well as utilize the Internet and company Intranets as alternatives to costlier mediums. A Voice over Packet (VoP) application meets these challenges by allowing both voice and signaling information to be transported over the packet network.
Walk-up VR: virtual reality beyond projection screens (2000)

Today, VR research and development efforts often focus on the continual innovation of interaction styles and metaphors for virtual environments (VEs). New tools and interaction devices aim to increase the immersive experience rather than support seamless integration with real work scenarios. Even though users may soon perceive odours within VEs, real, task-oriented interaction within these environments will continue to lag behind. Combining these efforts can result in new user interfaces that reduce the cumbersome barriers prevalent in VEs today, finally unleashing the latent impact of this technology in everyday life. Implementing this vision requires an interdisciplinary and applied approach to integrate VR into the workplace. Mixed-reality display capabilities, useful multimodal interaction and perceptual, intuitive interfaces are major components of such an application-oriented and human-centered approach, for which we coined the term walk-up VR. The paper discusses augmented and virtual reality as contributing technologies.
음운인식 훈련이 학습장애아의 철자쓰기에 미치는 효과 (2008)

많은 학습장애아들이 철자쓰기의 어려움을 겪고 있으나 그들의 철자능력과 특성을 고려한 수업을 받지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 음운인식은 철자쓰기와 높은 상관이 있으며, 철자쓰기의 선수기술로서 훈련의 효과가 있다고 밝혀지고 있다. 음운인식은 표음성이 뛰어난 한글의 철자쓰기에 더 효과적일 수 있음에도 불구하고 국내에서는 음운인식과 철자에 관한 연구가 미비하며, 학습장애아를 대상으로 한 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 이 연구는 읽기와 쓰기에 어려움을 가진 학습장애아 3명을 대상으로 하여 음운인식 훈련이 그들의 철자쓰기에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 데 목적이 있다. 연구의 결과 음운인식 훈련은 학습장애아들의 철자쓰기 기능을 향상시키는 데 효과적이었으며, 음운인식 훈련을 통해 학습장애아들의 철자쓰기 오류 유형도 변화되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 학령기 초기의 학습장애아에게 쓰기를 지도할 때는 음운인식 능력에 대한 검토가 이루어져야 하며, 그에 따라 체계적인 음운인식 훈련이 선행될 필요가 있음을 제언한다.
Cell Biological Studies of Learning in Simple Vertebrate and Invertebrate Systems (1987)

The sections in this article are: 1 Conceptual Issues in Study of Learning 2 Methodological Approaches to Study of Learning 3 Nonassociative Learning 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Simple Vertebrate System 3.3 Invertebrates 3.3.1 Habituation of Aplysia Gill-Withdrawal Reflex 3.3.2 Dishabituation and Sensitization of Aplysia Gill-Withdrawal Reflex 3.3.3 Habituation and Dishabituation in Crayfish 3.3.4 Habituation of Cockroach Escape Response 3.3.5 Overall View 4 Associative Learning 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Simple Vertebrate Systems 4.2.1 Pigeon Heart-Rate Conditioning 4.2.2 Cat Eye-Blink Conditioning 4.2.3 Rabbit Nictitating Membrane Conditioning 4.2.4 Cat Leg-Flexion Conditioning 4.2.5 Overall View 4.3 Invertebrates 4.3.1 Leg-Position Learning in Locusts 4.3.2 Aversive Conditioning in Pleurobranchaea 4.3.3 Associative Behavioral Change in Hermissenda 4.3.4 Aversive Conditioning in Aplysia 4.3.5 Overall View 5 conclusion5 Conclusion 5.1 General Principles in Study of Learning 5.2 Coda
From flavors and pharmaceuticals to advanced biofuels: Production of isoprenoids in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2013)

Isoprenoids denote the largest group of chemicals in the plant kingdom and are employed for a wide range of applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. In recent years, isoprenoids have additionally been recognized as suitable replacements for petroleum-derived fuels and could thus promote the transition towards a more sustainable society. To realize the biofuel potential of isoprenoids, a very efficient production system is required. While complex chemical structures as well as the low abundance in nature demonstrate the shortcomings of chemical synthesis and plant extraction, isoprenoids can be produced by genetically engineered microorganisms from renewable carbon sources. In this article, we summarize the development of isoprenoid applications from flavors and pharmaceuticals to advanced biofuels and review the strategies to design microbial cell factories, focusing on Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of these compounds. While the high complexity of biosynthetic pathways and the toxicity of certain isoprenoids still denote challenges that need to be addressed, metabolic engineering has enabled large-scale production of several terpenoids and thus, the utilization of these compounds is likely to expand in the future.
Localized Electrochemical Deposition of Copper Monitored Using Real‐Time X‐ray Microradiography (2005)

Abstract We have developed a novel strategy for localized electrochemical deposition (LECD) to improve both the lateral resolution of the process and the porosity of the fabricated high‐aspect‐ratio microstructures. The strategy is based on accurately controlling the motion of the anode. Its implementation is made possible by the use of coherent, synchrotron X‐ray microradiography with high time and lateral resolution, enabling the observation of the copper LECD process in real time. Microradiography reveals a deposition mechanism that differs as a function of the distance between the electrode (anode) and the growing structure (cathode). Specifically, the interplay of migration and diffusion of the metal ions in the baths affects the deposition rate and the characteristics of the fabricated structure. This enables us to optimize the anode motion control and greatly improve the quality of the structure grown.
A new mouse model of lung allergy induced by the spores of<i>Alternaria alternata</i>and<i>Cladosporium herbarum</i>molds (2004)

Asthma is a serious health problem and during the last decade various experimental models of asthma have been developed to study the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study we describe a new mouse model of asthma that uses the spores of Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarum, two allergenic molds recognized as common inducers of rhinitis and asthma in humans. Here we demonstrate that A. alternata and C. herbarum spores are immunogenic when injected into BALB/c mice, and induce the production of specific IgM and IgG1 antibodies and strongly increase IgE serum levels. To induce the allergic response, mice were sensitized by two intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections and then intranasaly (i.n.) challenged with A. alternata and C. herbarum spores. Bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) from these mice contained numerous macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes whereas neutrophils were the predominant BAL inflammatory cells in nonsensitized mice. Histological studies demonstrated an influx of eosinophils in peri-vascular and peri-bronchial areas and the presence of numerous epithelial goblet cells only in sensitized mice. Increased expression of mRNA specific for various chemokines (eotaxin, MIP-1alpha, MIP-2) and chemokine receptors (CCR-1, CCR-2 and CCR-5) was observed in the lungs of nonsensitized mice challenged with the spores. Expression of CCR-3 mRNA in the lungs and Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) secretion in the BAL was additionally observed in sensitized and challenged mice. Finally we demonstrate through whole-body plethysmography that mold spore sensitization and challenge induce the development of an airway hyperreactivity in response to nebulized methacholine.