gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Globalizing Data Infrastructure (2012)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTGlobalizing Data InfrastructureView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2012, 90, 39, 26–27Publication Date (Print):September 23, 2012Publication History Published online29 March 2013Published inissue 23 September 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09039-govpol1https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09039-govpol1newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Dependency of Constrained Clustering of Transaction Data on Known Data Distribution (2007)

Most well-known partitioning clustering algorithms adopt an iterative procedure to converge to the stable status. One problem is that the quality of clustering and execution time is especially sensitive to initial conditions (e.g. initial cluster centers and cluster number). In addition, the method used to measure similarity between two transaction data is also an important factor. In general, the similarity method is established in advance and usually employs metric-based distance measuring, which does not consider the variation in the content. The disadvantage is that an analyst is unable to modify the measuring method to suit the need of a particular analysis. In this paper, therefore, we propose a novel constrained clustering algorithm called CCKD (short for constrained clustering depend on known data distribution). With CCKD, the analyst is able to specify the constrains for measuring similarity that set conditions on capturing clusters. In addition, our empirical results indicate that CCKD is an effective and stable algorithm without any iterative procedure.
Neurofilament Protein Heterotetramers as Assembly Intermediates (1995)

Evidence is presented for the existence of a soluble heterotetramer containing the low and middle molecular weight neurofilament (NF) proteins, NF-L and NF-M, and one containing the low and high molecular weight proteins, NF-L and NF-H, and for their role in filament assembly. When a mixture of either pair of proteins was renatured in 2 M urea, 20 m M Tris, pH 7.2, a new band representing a complex was observed in native gel electrophoresis. No new band was observed with a mixture of NF-M and NF-H. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that treatment of the complexes with SDS caused them to dissociate into their constituent polypeptide chains. Native neurofilaments dissociated in 2 M urea into a mixture of LM and LH complexes. Titration of NF-L with NF-M indicated that complex formation was complete at an approximately equimolar ratio of the two proteins. The LM complex had a sedimentation coefficient, s20,w, of 4.4 S, consistent with a tetrameric structure. Dialysis of a solution of the LM complex against 50 m M 4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid, 0.17 M NaCl, pH 6.25, led to the formation of 10-nm filaments in good yield. These results suggest that NF protein heterooligomers are intermediates in NF assembly and disassembly. Evidence is presented for the existence of a soluble heterotetramer containing the low and middle molecular weight neurofilament (NF) proteins, NF-L and NF-M, and one containing the low and high molecular weight proteins, NF-L and NF-H, and for their role in filament assembly. When a mixture of either pair of proteins was renatured in 2 M urea, 20 m M Tris, pH 7.2, a new band representing a complex was observed in native gel electrophoresis. No new band was observed with a mixture of NF-M and NF-H. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that treatment of the complexes with SDS caused them to dissociate into their constituent polypeptide chains. Native neurofilaments dissociated in 2 M urea into a mixture of LM and LH complexes. Titration of NF-L with NF-M indicated that complex formation was complete at an approximately equimolar ratio of the two proteins. The LM complex had a sedimentation coefficient, s20,w, of 4.4 S, consistent with a tetrameric structure. Dialysis of a solution of the LM complex against 50 m M 4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid, 0.17 M NaCl, pH 6.25, led to the formation of 10-nm filaments in good yield. These results suggest that NF protein heterooligomers are intermediates in NF assembly and disassembly.
Detection of dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone in a traditional Chinese herbal product (2007)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androsterone (ADT) were detected in a traditional Chinese herbal product by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). DHEA and ADT were tentatively identified by comparing their electron ionization (EI) mass spectra with those in the GC-MS Wiley database. A multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan was performed in LC-MS/MS to confirm the presence of the DHEA and ADT in the herbal product extract. Both the [M + H]+ and the [M + NH4]+ of DHEA and ADT were selected as the precursor ions. DHEA was detected with ion transitions m/z 306.4 --> 271.2, 306.4 --> 253.3, 289.2 --> 270.9, 289.3 --> 253.1 while ADT was detected with ion transitions m/z 308.5 --> 273.6, 308.5 --> 255.3, 291.5 --> 273.5, 291.5 --> 255.2, which confirmed the presence of the two steroid hormones in the herbal product. Limits of detection (LODs) of 0.2 microg ml(-1) for DHEA and 0.3 microg ml(-1) for ADT were found in methanolic standard solutions when [M +NH4]+ of DHEA and ADT were selected as the precursor ions, which allowed the detection of DHEA and ADT at trace level without time-consuming derivatization.
Genes and Spectrum: The Theoretical Limits (1998)

Antibiotic resistance can result either from mutations within a chromosomal gene or from mobile genes imported from outside. In the last 15 years, some of these mobile genes have shown a propensity to adapt to successive antibiotic challenges, the most versatile being the class A beta-lactamases. The TEM and SHV beta-lactamase nuclei, usually after one initial critical mutation, allow a series of successive mutations that increase the spectrum to hydrolyze most cephalosporins. The class C beta-lactamases also show some versatility; while it migrates from the chromosome, subtle changes can occur in the gene to broaden the spectrum. Trimethoprim resistance has shown less adaptability in gram-negative bacteria, but in gram-positive organisms the plasmid has captured the chromosomal dihydrofolate reductase of Staphylococcus epidermidis, and a minimal number of changes have occurred that decrease the binding of trimethroprim. Other resistance mechanisms appear less adaptable, relying rather on the importation of new genes to cope with new challenges.
Emerging pollutants in the environment: A challenge for water resource management (2015)

A significant number of emerging pollutants (EPs) resulting from point and diffuse pollution is present in the aquatic environment. These are chemicals that are not commonly monitored but have the potential to enter the environment and cause adverse ecological and human health effects. According to the NORMAN network, at least 700 substances categorized into 20 classes, have been identified in the European aquatic environment. In light of their potential impact action is urgently required. In this study, we present a concept that shows the current state of art and challenges for monitoring programs, fate and risk assessment tools and requirements for policies with respect to emerging pollutants as a base for sustainable water resource management. Currently, methods for sampling and analysis are not harmonized, being typically focused on certain EP classes. For a number of known highly hazardous EPs detection limits are too high to allow proper risk assessment. For other EPs such as microplastics method development is in its infancy. Advanced ultra-sensitive instrumental techniques should be used for quantitative determination of prioritized EPs in water, suspended matter, soil and biota. Data on EPs' and their metabolites' properties that determine their fate in the environment are often not available. National surveys on water quality often use different parameters for water quality assessment and often do not include EPs. A harmonized monitoring of surface and groundwater is not yet achieved and urgently required. Specific component integrated into models assessing the fate of EPs in a multi compartment environmental approach are missing and must be developed. The main goal of risk assessment is the overall protection of ecological communities in the aquatic environment and human health. New methods for assessing the cumulative risks from combined exposures to several stressors, including mixtures of EPs in a multi-scale approach are required. A combination of regulations and management measures with respect to use/emissions of EPs into the environment, as well as to their occurrence in the environment are fundamental to reach an efficient water resource management.
Direct high‐performance liquid chromatographic separation of penbutolol enantiomers on a cellulose tris‐3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate chiral stationary phase (1989)

Abstract Penbutolol is a β‐adrenoceptor blocking agent, and it contains the clinically relevant (−)‐S‐enantiomer. It was reported that the (+)‐R‐enantiomer of penbutolol is pharmacologically 50 times less active than the (−)‐S‐isomer in β‐sympatholysis and without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and refractory period in the heart muscle. Furthermore, the (+)‐R‐enantiomer does possess mutagenic activity. A high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for direct identification, stereochemical separation, and quantitation of (+)‐R‐enantiomer in the clinically used (−)‐S‐isomer. The method involves the use of cellulose tris‐3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate chiral stationary phase coated on silica gel (OD‐Chiralcel column). The capacity factors ( k ′) for the first eluted enantiomer and stereochemical separation factor (α) obtained were 1.32 and 1.98, respectively. The maximum stereochemical resolution factor ( R ) was 5.05. The method could be applied for optical purity determination of (−)‐(S)‐penbutolol in pharmaceutical formulation to detect for the presence of the undesirable (+)‐R‐enantiomer.
Algorithm 667: Sigma—a stochastic-integration global minimization algorithm (1988)

article Free AccessArtifacts AvailableArtifacts Evaluated & Reusable Share on Algorithm 667: Sigma—a stochastic-integration global minimization algorithm Authors: Filippo Aluffi-Pentini Univ. di Roma, Roma, Italy Univ. di Roma, Roma, ItalyView Profile , Valerio Parisi 2nd Rome Univ., Roma, Italy 2nd Rome Univ., Roma, ItalyView Profile , Francesco Zirilli Univ. di Roma, Roma, Italy Univ. di Roma, Roma, ItalyView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on Mathematical SoftwareVolume 14Issue 4Dec. 1988 pp 366–380https://doi.org/10.1145/50063.51908Published:01 December 1988Publication History 18citation550DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations18Total Downloads550Last 12 Months8Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Current-Fed Dual-Bridge DC–DC Converter (2007)

A new isolated current-fed pulsewidth modulation dc-dc converter-current-fed dual-bridge dc-dc converter-with small inductance and no deadtime operation is presented and analyzed. The new topology has more than 3times smaller inductance than that of current-fed full-bridge converter, thus having faster transient response speed. Other characteristics include simple self-driven synchronous rectification, simple housekeeping power supply, and smaller output filter capacitance. Detailed analysis shows the proposed converter can have either lower voltage stress on all primary side power switches or soft switching properties when different driving schemes are applied. A 48-V/125-W prototype dc-dc converter with dual output has been tested for the verification of the principles. Both simulations and experiments verify the feasibility and advantages of the new topology
Hepatocyte growth factor protects cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons from apoptosis via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway (2000)

Recent studies suggest that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) functions as a neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of HGF and its mechanism of action. We used cultured cerebellar granule neurons that underwent apoptosis when the culture medium was changed from that containing serum with 25 mM K(+) to serum-free medium containing 5 mM K(+), and HGF prevented apoptotic cell death. HGF stimulated both mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3)-kinase activity in cerebellar granule neurons. Two specific inhibitors of PI3-kinase, wortmannin and LY294002, efficiently blocked this neuroprotective effect of HGF. In contrast, PD98059, a selective inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase (MEK), did not affect the anti-apoptotic effect of HGF. The downstream signal of PI3-kinase in this protection was further investigated. HGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt and pretreatment of the cells with wortmannin completely impaired Akt activation. These results suggest that HGF prevents apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons via the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway.
Simultaneous oligonucleotide probe hybridization and immunostaining for in situ detection of Gordona species in activated sludge (1999)

Oligonucleotide probes targeting ribosomal RNA can be designed with high specificity to target microbial populations at different phylogenetic levels if the cellular abundance of ribosomal RNA is sufficiently high. In contrast, polyclonal antibody probes cannot be produced with the same specificity for various phylogenetic groups, but they have the potential to detect slow growing microorganisms, populations with low metabolic activities, or even non-viable cells. We combined a polyclonal antibody stain with a ribosomal RNA targeted oligonucleotide probe for the single cell detection of species of the genus Gordona. Gordona species typically require long generation times, often exhibit filamentous growth, and are commonly encountered in activated sludge foams. Our results suggest that the ribosomal RNA content of individual cells of Gordona in activated sludge is highly variable. Therefore, the combined use of an immunostain and an oligonucleotide probe targeting ribosomal RNA can determine the identity of single cells and provide an approximation of their activity. This approach should result in improved detection limits while maintaining high specificity.
Heart Valve Development (2009)

In recent years, significant advances have been made in the definition of regulatory pathways that control normal and abnormal cardiac valve development. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the early development of valve progenitors and establishment of normal valve structure and function. Regulatory hierarchies consisting of a variety of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and downstream structural genes are conserved during vertebrate valvulogenesis. Complex intersecting regulatory pathways are required for endocardial cushion formation, valve progenitor cell proliferation, valve cell lineage development, and establishment of extracellular matrix compartments in the stratified valve leaflets. There is increasing evidence that the regulatory mechanisms governing normal valve development also contribute to human valve pathology. In addition, congenital valve malformations are predominant among diseased valves replaced late in life. The understanding of valve developmental mechanisms has important implications in the diagnosis and management of congenital and adult valve disease.
Progress in deep-etch synchrotron radiation lithography (1988)

The recent progress in the development of the lithographic processes within the LIGA technique is reported, which is based on deep-etch synchrotron radiation lithography, electroforming, and molding processes (in German: lithografie, galvanoformung, abformung). Mask blanks for high-contrast x-ray masks for 0.2 nm wavelength are fabricated from titanium and beryllium membranes produced by physical vapor deposition techniques. Absorber patterns on these masks can be produced by 50-keV electron-beam pattern generation in 3–5-μm-thick polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resists, because the use of beryllium strongly reduces the otherwise marked influence of electrons backscattered from the substrates on the resist profiles. To comply with the requirements of deep-etch lithography cross-linked PMMA resists and suitable multicomponent developers have been formulated. The casting resin-based resists are polymerized directly on the substrate which results in extremely low internal stresses to prevent stress corrosion of the resist structure during development.
3D watershed transform combined with a probabilistic atlas for medical image segmentation (2003)

Recent advances in medical imaging technology using multiple detector-row computed tomography (CT) provide volumetric datasets with unprecedented spatial resolution. This has allowed for CT to evolve into an excellent non-invasive vascular imaging technology, commonly referred to as CT-angiography. Visualization of vascular structures from CT datasets is demanding, however, and identification of anatomic objects in CT-datasets is highly desirable. Density and/or gradient operators have been used most commonly to classify CT data. In CT angiography, simple density/gradient operators do not allow precise and reliable classification of tissues due to the fact that different tissues (e.g. bones and vessels) possess the same density range and may lie in close spatial vicinity. We hypothesize, that anatomic classification can be achieved more accurately, if both spatial location and density properties of volume data are taken into account. We present a combination of two well-known methods for volume data processing to obtain accurate tissue classification. 3D watershed transform is used to partition the volume data in morphologically consistent blocks and a probabilistic anatomic atlas is used to distinguish between different kinds of tissues based on their density. 1.
Partial purification and characterization of the enterotoxin produced by Campylobacter jejuni (1990)

Campylobacter jejuni enterotoxin was partially purified from culture supernatant. The purified fraction after gel filtration indicated three bands at 68, 54, and 43 kilodaltons on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This fraction enhanced the adenylate cyclase activity of HeLa cell membranes by 1.5-fold over that of the control. The study with anti-cholera toxin immunoglobulin G (IgG) and ganglioside affinity column chromatographies revealed that the eluent from the anti-cholera toxin IgG column chromatography exhibited a single band (68 kDa) on SDS-PAGE and native PAGE, whereas the eluent from ganglioside column chromatography exhibited two bands (68 and 54 kDa) on SDS-PAGE. These suggest that the 68-kDa polypeptide should have an immunological relationship with cholera toxin, and the 68- and 54-kDa polypeptides might be responsible for the recognition of ganglioside.
An Approximate Dispersion Formula of Microstrip Lines for Computer Aided Design of Microwave Integrated Circuits (2005)

A simple approximate formula for the CAD of the dispersion property of microstrip lines is reported in this paper which well fits the calculated curves based on a rigorous method.
Identification and Stoichiometry of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Membrane Proteins of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum (2006)

Most proteins that coat the surface of the extracellular forms of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are attached to the plasma membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. These proteins are exposed to neutralizing antibodies, and several are advanced vaccine candidates. To identify the GPI-anchored proteome of P. falciparum we used a combination of proteomic and computational approaches. Focusing on the clinically relevant blood stage of the life cycle, proteomic analysis of proteins labeled with radioactive glucosamine identified GPI anchoring on 11 proteins (merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1, -2, -4, -5, -10, rhoptry-associated membrane antigen, apical sushi protein, Pf92, Pf38, Pf12, and Pf34). These proteins represent approximately 94% of the GPI-anchored schizont/merozoite proteome and constitute by far the largest validated set of GPI-anchored proteins in this organism. Moreover MSP-1 and MSP-2 were present in similar copy number, and we estimated that together these proteins comprise approximately two-thirds of the total membrane-associated surface coat. This is the first time the stoichiometry of MSPs has been examined. We observed that available software performed poorly in predicting GPI anchoring on P. falciparum proteins where such modification had been validated by proteomics. Therefore, we developed a hidden Markov model (GPI-HMM) trained on P. falciparum sequences and used this to rank all proteins encoded in the completed P. falciparum genome according to their likelihood of being GPI-anchored. GPI-HMM predicted GPI modification on all validated proteins, on several known membrane proteins, and on a number of novel, presumably surface, proteins expressed in the blood, insect, and/or pre-erythrocytic stages of the life cycle. Together this work identified 11 and predicted a further 19 GPI-anchored proteins in P. falciparum.
The prospero transcription factor is asymmetrically localized to the cell cortex during neuroblast mitosis in <i>Drosophila</i> (1995)

ABSTRACT Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are known to regulate sibling cell fate. Here we describe a novel mechanism for the asymmetric localization of a transcription factor to one daughter cell at mitosis. The Drosophila CNS develops from asymmetrically dividing neuroblasts, which give rise to a large neuroblast and a smaller ganglion mother cell (GMC). The prospero gene encodes a transcription factor necessary for proper GMC gene expression. We show that the prospero protein is synthesized in the neuroblast where it is localized to the F-actin cell cortex. At mitosis, prospero is asymmetrically localized to the budding GMC and excluded from the neuroblast. After cytokinesis, prospero is translocated from the GMC cortex into the nucleus. Asymmetric cortical localization of prospero in neuroblasts requires entry into mitosis; it does not depend on numb function. prospero is also observed in cortical crescents in dividing precursors of the peripheral nervous system and adult midgut. The asymmetric cortical localization of prospero at mitosis is a mechanism for rapidly establishing distinct sibling cell fates in the CNS and possibly other tissues.