gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realization of Unidirectional Planar GaAs Nanowires on GaAs (110) Substrates (2012)

A self-aligned unidirectional planar GaAs nanowire (NW) array is realized by growing on (110) GaAs substrates through the Au-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. All NWs on (110) substrates propagate along the [00-1] direction, yielding planar NWs with trapezoidal cross sections where the top surface and sidewalls are identified by micro X-ray diffraction analysis to be [110], [010], and [100] facets, respectively. Depletion-mode long-channel metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors using these [00-1] GaAs NWs as channels exhibit well-defined dc output and transfer characteristics, confirming the high material quality of the NWs. Completely ordered site controlled arrays of planar NWs are demonstrated by growing on (110) substrates with Au catalyst nanoparticles patterned using electron beam lithography.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering at high values of the excess of the pump energy above the threshold (1987)

An experimental investigation was made of the efficiency of reflection and of the precision of wavefront reversal in the case of saturation of stimulated Brillouin scattering (STBS) competing with other nonlinear processes. It was found that the maximum pump power reaching STBS mirrors made of glasses and quartz was limited by the breakdown of the scattering medium and in some cases such breakdown occurred only in the scattering saturation regime. A study was made of an STBS oscillator–amplifier system in which such breakdown was suppressed so that the pump energy could be increased. Methods for widening the dynamic range of STBS mirrors were investigated.
Nonresonant quasi-phase matching in GaAs plates by Fresnel birefringence (2003)

Quasi-phase matching is usually obtained by sign reversal of nonlinear susceptibility. This leads to resonant condition on nonlinear material dimensions and/or converted frequencies. We show that this condition is alleviated using total reflection birefringence. Indeed, Fresnel dephasing at reflection can compensate for almost any phase lag between interacting waves. This nonresonant phase-matching scenario allows both large tunability and nonlinear device design tolerance.
Intellectual Property and Competition (2011)

Contents: Acknowledgements Introduction Michael A. Carrier PART I HISTORY 1. Herbert Hovenkamp (2005), 'The Conflict Between Antitrust and Intellectual Property Rights' PART II NEW ECONOMY 2. Richard A. Posner (2001), 'Exclusionary Practices (II): The New Economy' 3. Robert Pitofsky (2001), 'Antitrust and Intellectual Property: Unresolved Issues at the Heart of the New Economy' PART III GLOBAL APPROACHES 4. William F. Baxter (1966), 'Legal Restrictions on Exploitation of the Patent Monopoly: An Economic Analysis' 5. Ward S. Bowman, Jr. (1973), 'The Compatibility of Antitrust and Patent Law Goals' 6. Louis Kaplow (1984), 'The Patent-Antitrust Intersection: A Reappraisal' 7. Michael A. Carrier (2002), 'Unraveling the Patent-Antitrust Paradox' PART IV SPECIFIC ACTIVITY 8. Herbert Hovenkamp, Mark D. Janis and Mark A. Lemley (2006), 'Unilateral Refusals to License' 9. Carl Shapiro (2000), 'Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting' 10. Robert P. Merges (2001), 'Institutions for Intellectual Property Transactions: The Case of Patent Pools' 11. Michael A. Carrier (2008), 'Two Puzzles Resolved: Of The Schumpeter - Arrow Stalemate and Pharmaceutical Innovation Markets' 12. Arti K. Rai (2001), 'Fostering Cumulative Innovation in the Biopharmaceutical Industry: The Role of Patents and Antitrust' 13. Mark A. Lemley (2002), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Standard-Setting Organizations' 14. C. Scott Hemphill (2006), 'Paying for Delay: Pharmaceutical Patent Settlement as a Regulatory Design Problem'
Manganese Catalyzed C–H Halogenation (2015)

The remarkable aliphatic C-H hydroxylations catalyzed by the heme-containing enzyme, cytochrome P450, have attracted sustained attention for more than four decades. The effectiveness of P450 enzymes as highly selective biocatalysts for a wide range of oxygenation reactions of complex substrates has driven chemists to develop synthetic metalloporphyrin model compounds that mimic P450 reactivity. Among various known metalloporphyrins, manganese derivatives have received considerable attention since they have been shown to be versatile and powerful mediators for alkane hydroxylation and olefin epoxidation. Mechanistic studies have shown that the key intermediates of the manganese porphyrin-catalyzed oxygenation reactions include oxo- and dioxomanganese(V) species that transfer an oxygen atom to the substrate through a hydrogen abstraction/oxygen recombination pathway known as the oxygen rebound mechanism. Application of manganese porphyrins has been largely restricted to catalysis of oxygenation reactions until recently, however, due to ultrafast oxygen transfer rates. In this Account, we discuss recently developed carbon-halogen bond formation, including fluorination reactions catalyzed by manganese porphyrins and related salen species. We found that biphasic sodium hypochlorite/manganese porphyrin systems can efficiently and selectively convert even unactivated aliphatic C-H bonds to C-Cl bonds. An understanding of this novel reactivity derived from results obtained for the oxidation of the mechanistically diagnostic substrate and radical clock, norcarane. Significantly, the oxygen rebound rate in Mn-mediated hydroxylation is highly correlated with the nature of the trans-axial ligands bound to the manganese center (L-Mn(V)═O). Based on the ability of fluoride ion to decelerate the oxygen rebound step, we envisaged that a relatively long-lived substrate radical could be trapped by a Mn-F fluorine source, effecting carbon-fluorine bond formation. Indeed, this idea led to the discovery of the first Mn-catalyzed direct aliphatic C-H fluorination reactions utilizing simple, nucleophilic fluoride salts. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations have revealed a trans-difluoromanganese(IV) species as the key fluorine transfer intermediate. In addition to catalyzing normal (19)F-fluorination reactions, manganese salen complexes were found to enable the incorporation of radioactive (18)F fluorine via C-H activation. This advance represented the first direct Csp(3)-H bond (18)F labeling with no-carrier-added [(18)F]fluoride and facilitated the late-stage labeling of drug molecules for PET imaging. Given the high reactivity and enzymatic-like selectively of metalloporphyrins, we envision that this new Heteroatom-Rebound Catalysis (HRC) strategy will find widespread application in the C-H functionalization arena and serve as an effective tool for forming new carbon-heteroatom bonds at otherwise inaccessible sites in target molecules.
Acceleration of hatching in fowl and quail: Relationship between artificial and natural stimulus amplitude (1985)

Abstract 1. Hatching of the eggs of the bobwhite and Japanese quail and of the domestic fowl is known to be accelerated by stimulation with artificial clicks. 2. Clicks were given to eggs of the three species at a rate known to accelerate hatching. The clicks were of two types: consisting mainly of sound (using a piezoelectric stimulator) and consisting mainly of movement (using a vibration generator). 3. The amplitude of clicks was varied, in order to identify that range of amplitudes which was effective for accelerating hatching without reducing hatchability. 4. A point near the centre of this range was found to correspond with the amplitude of natural clicks given by the embryos of both species of quail. Domestic fowl clicks were of lower amplitude than was required for artificial clicks to be effective.
A CLIMATOLOGY OF SUNBURNING ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION (1982)

Abstract— Data are presented from 14 sites where continuous measurements of the sun's shortest ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's surface have been made for four or more years. Average daily dose per month and its variability from year to year is shown for each station. Some of the many influences affecting these measurements can be discerned by station intercomparisons. No consistent long term change in solar UV‐B radiation reaching the ground is evident.
[Insulin receptors and mechanism of action of insulin and of insulin-like growth factors]. (1994)

A novel mechanism of activation of the insulin and IGF-I receptors by their respective ligands is proposed, whereby the bivalent ligand bridges the two receptor alpha subunits at opposite sites in a symmetrical receptor structure. The proposed mechanism accounts for the binding stoichiometry and the phenomenon of negative cooperativity. It may play an important role in the regulation of mitogenesis.
Silane Effects and Machine Processing in Reinforced High Modulus Rim Urethane Composites (1979)

The demand of fuel economy for reduced motor vehicle weight has led to widespread interest in high modulus reaction injection molded urethane (RIM) for automotive exterior parts as well as for many non-automotive applications. Reinforcing fibers and fillers, combined with the versitility of urethane chemistry, are important parameters for achieving composites with stiffness and toughness while reducing coef ficients of thermal expansion.
Lean Stability Augmentation for Premixing, Prevaporizing Combustors (1980)

An experimental program was conducted to investigate techniques for improving the lean combustion limits of premixing, prevaporizing combustors applicable to gas turbine engine main burners. Augmented flameholders employing recessed perforated plates, catalyzed tube bundles, and configurations in which pilot fuel was injected into the wake of V-gutters or perforated plates were designed and tested. Stable operation of the piloted designs was achieved at equivalence ratios as low as 0.25; NOX emissions of less than 1.0 g/kg at simulated turbine engine cruise conditions were obtained. A piloted perforated plate employing 4°'o pilot fuel flow produced the best performance while meeting severe NOX constraints. Nomenclature d = diameter El = emission index, g/kg P = pressure, atm; ratio of pilot fuel flow to total fuel flow PPM = concentration in parts per million by volume T = temperature, K V = velocity, ms w = flow rate, kg/s rjc = combustion efficiency (chemical) 0 = equivalence ratio T = residence time, s Subscripts ad = adiabatic flame bo = blowout = design point = approach flow condition = pilot stream des o P
A new neural networks approach to on-line fault section estimation using information of protective relays and circuit breakers (1994)

This paper proposes a new neural network diagnostic system for online power system fault section estimation using information of relays and circuit breakers. This system has a similar profile of an expert system, but can be constructed much more easily from elemental samples. These samples associate fault section with its primary, local and/or remote protective relays and breakers. The diagnostic system can be applicable to the power system control center for single or multiple fault sections estimation, even in the cases of failure operation of relays and breakers, or error-existent data transmission. The proposed approach has been practically verified by testing on a model power system. The test results, although preliminary, suggest this system can be implemented by various electric utilities with relatively low customization effort.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hidden Markov model and support vector machine based decoding of finger movements using electrocorticography (2013)

We discuss technical HMM characteristics and adaptations in the context of the presented data as well as for general BCI applications. Our findings suggest that HMMs and their characteristics are promising for efficient online BCIs.
Microstrip "wiggly-line" bandpass filters with multispurious rejection (2004)

A method to achieve the rejection of multiple spurious passbands in parallel-coupled-line microstrip bandpass filters is proposed. As it was previously demonstrated by the authors, using a continuous perturbation of the width of the coupled-lines following a sinusoidal law, the wave impedance can be modulated so that the first undesired harmonic passband of the filter is rejected, while the desired passband is maintained virtually unaltered. In this letter, the scope of the method is extended to reject multiple spurious passbands by employing different periods in each coupled-line section tuned to the different bands to be rejected. Simulated and measured data show that for an order-seven bandpass filter prototype, a rejection level exceeding 30 dB is obtained in the first four spurious passbands, while the desired pass-band is kept almost unaltered.
Botox for the Treatment of Dynamic and Hyperkinetic Facial Lines and Furrows: Adjunctive Use in Facial Aesthetic Surgery (1999)

Our improved understanding of the pathophysiology of facial lines, wrinkles, and furrows has broadened the treatment options for a variety of facial cosmetic blemishes. The persistence or recurrence of certain facial rhytids after surgery has confirmed the lack of full comprehension of their origin. Glabellar forehead furrows (frown lines) and lateral canthal rhytids (crow's feet) have been the most popular facial lines that have been shown to be mostly the result of regional hyperkinetic muscles, and their eradication may be more suitable, at times, to chemodenervation than to soft-tissue fillers, skin resurfacing, or surgical resection. Aesthetic surgical procedures that have yielded suboptimal results may also occur from failure to recognize other causative factors including hyperkinetic or dynamic musculature, which may contribute to etiology of the visible soft-tissue changes and lack of persistent effect after surgery. Chemodenervation with botulinum toxin A (Botox) has proven to be useful both as a primary treatment for certain facial rhytids and as an adjunctive agent for a variety of facial aesthetic procedures to obtain optimal results. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 103: 701, 1999.)
Effects of isovanihuperzine A on cholinesterase and scopolamine-induced memory impairment. (1995)

IVHA is a new potential reversible AChE inhibitor and merits further study as a cognitive enhancer.
Novel smart antennas for applying SDMA to cellular mobile communication systems (2003)

The popularization of mobile communication has necessitated efficient use of the radio spectrum. Space-division-multiple-access (SDMA), which enables several users to use the same communication channel simultaneously by forming individual radiation patterns for the users, is an attractive candidate to reuse the frequency spectrum efficiently. However, there still remain problems for applying SDMA to actual cellular systems. These problems are summarized. Then, as solutions to overcome the problems, a new smart antenna configuration comprising sub-arrays and utilizing a space time coding (STC) technique, and a new smart antenna system utilizing space and polarization control are proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed antennas is presented.
Measuring ordinal association in situations that contain tied scores. (1996)

The construal of ties is critical for assessing the association between two variables. Ties should be excluded when the investigator's data-collection procedure forces ties to occur (e.g., a J-place rating scale is used to rate K items, with J < K; a criterion variable contains fewer than K possible outcomes per item). Four measures arising from excluding or including ties on 2 ordinal variables are Goodman & Kruskal's G, Somer's dyx, Kim's dyx, and Wilson's e. In contrast to measures having variance-accounted-for interpretations, probabilistic interpretations developed here can be applied meaningfully both to ordinal-scaled variables and to stronger scales. Recommendations are offered for which measure to use in various situations.
Common Gene Variants in the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and TNF Receptor Superfamilies and NF-kB Transcription Factors and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Risk (2009)

Our results provide consistent evidence that variation in the TNF superfamily of genes and specifically within chromosome 6p21.3 impacts lymphomagenesis. Further characterization of these susceptibility loci and identification of functional variants are warranted.
P‐73: Lenticular Lens Parameter Estimation Using Single Image for Crosstalk Reduction of Three‐Dimensional Multi‐View Display (2015)

A novel method of estimating the parameters of a lenticular lens array is proposed. A single display image with a stripe pattern is used to estimate the slanted angle and pitch of a lenticular lens. The lens parameters can be derived from the observed pattern parameters of a captured image. Experiments with a simulated data set result in slanted angle and pitch estimation errors of 0.0077° and 0.0002 mm, respectively. The proposed method is also robust to image noise. We verify the performance of our method, which reduces crosstalk when applied to a conventional multi‐view display.
Some unusual behavior of dielectric properties of SrTiO3 metal organic chemical vapor deposition grown thin films (2014)

SrTiO3 (STO) thin films were grown simultaneously via the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique on two different substrates: platinized sapphire and platinized TiO2/SiO2/Si. The thin films were analyzed for stoichiometry, crystallinity, surface roughness, and average grain size. Dielectric properties of the thin films such as dielectric constant, loss, and leakage current characteristics were measured and compared. We demonstrate that the MOCVD technique is an appropriate method for fabrication of STO thin films with excellent structural, microstructural, dielectric, and insulation properties. Comparative analysis of the films yielded an unexpected result that the thin film with a higher mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient between the substrate (Si) and the deposited STO film yielded a higher dielectric constant with respect to that of STO/sapphire. The dielectric loss for both films were similar (tan δ = 0.005 at 100 kHz), however, the leakage current for the film with a higher dielectric constant was three orders of magnitude higher. An explanation of these results is presented and discussed.
Overlap and Save Frequency Domain DFE for Throughput Efficient Single Carrier Transmission (2006)

In this paper we propose a non linear equalization structure operating in the frequency domain (FD) for broadband wireless transmission. As a distinctive feature this equalizer does not require any block transmission format. By applying the feedforward filter in the FD with an overlap and save technique on blocks of the received signal, a bandwidth efficient decision feedback FD equalizer is derived, denoted extension-less FD-DFE (EL-FD-DFE). In order to reduce the inter-symbol (ISI) and inter-block (IBI) interference which affect the equalized signal, a IBI canceller is used among blocks, while the equalizer filters are designed taking into account the ISI due to the absence of the extension. A comparison with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and existing equalizers is provided, showing that the EL-FD-DFE has a significantly higher achievable throughput
A Hybrid Approach of Face Recognition Using Bezier Curve (2014)

This paper proposed an efficient, intelligent and less complex method of face recognition. A hybrid approach of face recognition is proposed here using the neural networks and Bezier curves. Detection of structural facial features such as eyes, eyebrows, nose, lips and mouth boundaries is an essential process for various image processing task such as face recognition. In this paper we introduced a method to denote the landmark on face using Bezier curve and then by further processing of these Bezier curves, image recognition is done.
Trivalent nickel bis(triaza macrocyclic) complexes. Ligand ring size and medium effects on the nickel(III)/nickel(II) redox couple potential (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrivalent nickel bis(triaza macrocyclic) complexes. Ligand ring size and medium effects on the nickel(III)/nickel(II) redox couple potentialArmando Buttafava, Luigi Fabbrizzi, Angelo Perotti, Antonio Poggi, Gianluigi Poli, and Barbara SeghiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 9, 1456–1461Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00229a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00229a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views433Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experience with Charlotte: simplicity and function in a distributed operating system (1989)

A retrospective view is presented of the Charlotte distributed operating system, a testbed for developing techniques and tools to solve computation-intensive problems with large-grain parallelism. The final version of Charlotte runs on the Crystal multicomputer, a collection of VAX-11/750 computers connected by a local area network. The kernel/process interface is unique in its support for symmetric, bidirectional communication paths (called links), and synchronous nonblocking communications. Several lessons were learned in implementing Charlotte. Links have proven to be a useful abstraction, but the primitives do not seem to be at quite the right level of abstraction. The implementation uses finite-state machines and a multitask kernel, both of which work well. It also maintains absolute distributed information which is more expensive that using hints. The development of high-level tools, particularly the Lynx distributed programming language, has simplified the use of kernal primitives and helps to manage concurrency at the process level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Kinoform/lens system for injecting a high-power laser beam into an optical fiber (1994)

A method for injecting a high peak power multimode laser beam into an optical fiber has been developed. The design minimizes the peak irradiance on the fiber's entrance face and reduces its dependence on the laser's mode structure and the system alignment. A simple lens and a specially designed kinoform (or binary optics element) operate together to transform a 5 mm diameter laser beam into two concentric ring foci that fit on the 400 micrometers diameter fiber face.