gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aktuelle Probleme und Entwicklungen in der Biotechnologie (1986)

Abstract Current problems and developments in biotechnology . Current developments in the field of biotechnology together with the actual problems are described with the aid of some examples. The new field of biotechnology has arisen especially from three methods, viz. gene technology, immobilized biocatalysts, and new developments in process technology. The influence of these methods on the development production techniques for ethanol, glycerol, HFCS, various secondary compounds, proteins, hormones, monoclonal antibodies, products from plant cells, but also on environmental biotechnology is described. These examples show that „classic”︁ biotechnology has greatly expanded by application of the methods presented. However, a comparison with the development of microprocessors is not yet possible.
Mechanism of enamine hydrolysis (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of enamine hydrolysisPaula Y. Sollenberger and Robert Bruce MartinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 14, 4261–4270Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00717a021Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1665Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Tanshinone VI on the Hypertrophy of Cardiac Myocytes and Fibrosis of Cardiac Fibroblasts of Neonatal Rats (2002)

The possible effects of tanshinone VI (tsh), a diterpene from the root of Tan-Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza, Bunge (Labiatae)) on hypertrophy and fibrosis in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts were examined. Tsh had no significant effect on protein synthesis, which was evaluated by [3H]-leucine incorporation into the acid insoluble fraction in the cells, in the absence of stimulatory factors in cardiac myocytes. The amount of protein produced in cardiac myocytes was increased by 10(-8) M endothelin-1 (ET-1), 10(-6) M phenylephrine (PE), or 10(-8) M insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), suggesting that hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes in vitro was induced by these factors. The ET-1-, PE-, or IGF-1-induced increase in protein synthesis was attenuated by treatment with 10(-5) M tsh. Treatment with 10(-5) M tsh significantly decreased the synthesis of collagen by cardiac fibroblasts, which was evaluated by [3H]-proline incorpolation into acid-insoluble fraction of the fiblobrasts, in the absence of stimulatory factors for the production. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) or IGF-1 increased collagen synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. The increase at 5% FBS or 10(-8) M IGF-1 was inhibited by 10(-5) M tsh. Fibroblast-conditioned medium (FB-CM) increased protein synthesis in cardiac myocytes in a concentration-dependent manner (10; - 100 %). Tsh attenuated the FB-CM-induced increase in protein synthesis by cardiac myocytes. These results show that tsh may attenuate the humoral factor-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and fibrosis of cardiac fibroblasts. The findings suggest that tsh may improve the development of cardiac remodeling under pathophysiological conditions. Abbreviations. ANP:atrial natriuretic peptide DMEM:Dulbecco-modified Eagle's medium ET-1:endothelin-1 FB-CM:fibroblast-conditioned medium FBS:fetal bovine serum IGF-1:insulin-like growth factor-1 PE:phenylephrine tsh:tanshinone VI
Relative Ratios Enhance the Diagnostic Power of Phospholipids in Distinguishing Benign and Cancerous Ovarian Masses (2019)

Ovarian cancer remains a highly lethal disease due to its late clinical presentation and lack of reliable early biomarkers. Protein-based diagnostic markers have presented limitations in identifying ovarian cancer. We tested the potential of phospholipids as markers of ovarian cancer by utilizing inter-related regulation of phospholipids, a unique property that allows the use of ratios between phospholipid species for quantitation. High-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to measure phospholipid, lysophospholipid, and sphingophospholipid content in plasma from patients with benign ovarian masses, patients with ovarian cancer, and controls. We applied both absolute and relative phospholipid ratios for quantitation. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to test the sensitivity and specificity. We found that utilization of ratios between phospholipid species greatly outperformed absolute quantitation in the identification of ovarian cancer. Of the phospholipids analyzed, species in phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and sphingomyelin (SM) were found to have great biomarker potential. LPC(20:4)/LPC(18:0) carried the greatest capacity to differentiate cancer from control, SM(d18:1/24:1)/SM(d18:1/22:0) to differentiate benign from cancer, and PC(18:0/20:4)/PC(18:0/18:1) to differentiate benign from control. These results demonstrate the potential of plasma phospholipids as a novel marker of ovarian cancer by utilizing the unique characteristics of phospholipids to further enhance the diagnostic power.
Reduced Band Gap Dithieno[3,2-<i>b</i>:2‘,3‘-<i>d</i>]pyrroles:  New n-Type Organic Materials via Unexpected Reactivity (2008)

Direct addition of tetracyanoethylene to N-(p-hexylphenyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole yields not only the aromatic mono- and bis-tricyanovinyl-substituted products but also a quinoidal product with dicyanomethylene groups. The analogous reaction with dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene yields exclusively the aromatic mono-tricyanovinyl product. The aromatic and quinoidal products possess red-shifted absorptions, increased electron affinities, and favorable pi-stacking motifs in comparison to the unsubstituted oligomers.
A Ranking-based Approach to Word Reordering for Statistical Machine Translation (2012)

Long distance word reordering is a major challenge in statistical machine translation research. Previous work has shown using source syntactic trees is an effective way to tackle this problem between two languages with substantial word order difference. In this work, we further extend this line of exploration and propose a novel but simple approach, which utilizes a ranking model based on word order precedence in the target language to reposition nodes in the syntactic parse tree of a source sentence. The ranking model is automatically derived from word aligned parallel data with a syntactic parser for source language based on both lexical and syntactical features. We evaluated our approach on large-scale Japanese-English and English-Japanese machine translation tasks, and show that it can significantly outperform the baseline phrase-based SMT system.
Bright Light and LEET Effects on Circadian Rhythms, Sleep and Cognitive Performance (1997)

Shift work and jet lag can disrupt circadian rhythms, with detrimental effects on alertness, performance and sleep. This study examined the effects of two interventions to adapt circadian rhythms, sleep and performance to a 10-h phase delay of the work–rest cycle. Bright light was administered from 2200 to 0200 each night to promote phase delay of circadian rhythms. Low energy emission therapy (LEET) was administered for 20 min prior to daytime sleep periods to promote sleep. Twelve subjects received bright light, 12 subjects received LEET, 11 received both interventions and 10 control subjects received only placebo treatments. Bright light accelerated phase delay of the circadian melatonin rhythm after the work–rest schedule shift. Further, subjects who received bright light had greater total sleep time (TST) and improved sleep continuity. LEET treatment produced a trend (p=0.16) for increased TST, but LEET did not affect the melatonin circadian rhythm. After the schedule shift, cognitive performance measures showed few significant differences. Some minor improvements in cognitive performance were produced by light treatments but not by LEET. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COMPARISON OF CHOROIDAL THICKNESS AMONG PATIENTS WITH HEALTHY EYES, EARLY AGE-RELATED MACULOPATHY, NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY, AND POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY (2011)

The choroid was thicker in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy or central serous chorioretinopathy than in control or age-related maculopathy groups.
Glutamate stimulates insulin secretion and improves glucose tolerance in rats (1995)

We previously showed in vitro that glutamate stimulates insulin release via an alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor. Here we address a more physiological question concerning the in vivo effect of intravenously or orally administered glutamate on insulinemia and glycemia in fed and fasted rats. In anesthetized fed rats, the intravenous administration of glutamate at 9 and 30 mg/kg transiently increased insulinemia in a dose-dependent manner. The insulin-secretory effect of glutamate (9 mg/kg) was blocked by an antagonist of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors. In anesthetized fasted rats, glutamate at 9 mg/kg was ineffective, but during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (0.5 g/kg), glutamate markedly potentiated insulin release and increased the glucose disappearance rate. In conscious rats, the intragastric administration of glutamate at 200 mg/kg elicited a transient insulin response in fed animals and had no effect in fasted animals but, during an oral glucose tolerance test (1 g/kg), enhanced insulin secretion and reduced the hyperglycemia. Glutamate was effective at plasma concentrations of 200-300 microM. In conclusion, intravenously and orally administered glutamate stimulates insulin secretion in vivo via an excitatory amino acid receptor and improves glucose tolerance.
A TV program-oriented user generated content service with seamless video reconstruction ranking in cloud networks (2011)

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) ubiquitously provides multimedia video services through mobile device, and integrates contents over cloud systems. For allowing users to browse their favorite multimedia videos on cloud networks without the trouble of repeating and complex search, this study presents a personalized TV program-oriented video system automatically searching for the data of high similarity to the one that user is browsing, and reconstructing separated video contents in accordance with a seamless video reconstruction ranking (SVRR). By employing SVRR, the presented system can integrate video data for continuous playing. The study focuses on the system implementation, the design of SVRR, and the accuracy validations of the theories and the algorithm. According to the experiment results, the proposed system was tested and validated with success.
Human Amniotic Allograft in Use on Talar Dome Lesions: A Prospective Report of 37 Patients (2014)

One of the most challenging joint conditions facing ankle surgeons today is the treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) of the talar dome. The use of human amniotic allograft (HAA) in various surgical procedures, has been proven to facilitate bone growth and both soft tissue and cartilage healing. The authors of this paper propose the addition of HAA to the surgical repair of talar dome lesions to improve postoperative results, specifically pain reduction. For the study, 37 patients were identified having an OCD lesion of the talus measuring no larger than 2 cm2. All patients were treated surgically with an arthroscopic micro-fracture repair along with the addition of HHA. Modified ACFAS ankle scores were taken pre-operatively and at 3 months, 12 months, and at 24 months postoperatively. Visual analog scores were also taken preoperative and 24 months postoperatively. The size of the talar lesions documented with pre-operative MRI’s was compared with intra-operative measurements for each patient. Additional surgical repairs, comorbidities and any complications were also recorded and evaluated. All patients were treated with micro-fracture with HAA. Postoperative ACFAS scores for 3 months, 12 months and 24 months were significantly improved (p 2 has shown to significantly improve both post-operative VAS scores, when compared to preoperative scores. This improvement in ACFAS and VAS scores speaks to the potential use of HAA in the treatment of OCD.
The proton donor for OO bond scission by cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase (2008)

Cytochrome c oxidase is the main catalyst of oxygen consumption in mitochondria and many aerobic bacteria. The key step in oxygen reduction is scission of the O-O bond and formation of an intermediate P(R) of the binuclear active site composed of heme a(3) and Cu(B). The donor of the proton required for this reaction has been suggested to be a unique tyrosine residue (Tyr-280) covalently cross-linked to one of the histidine ligands of Cu(B). To test this idea we used the Glu-278-Gln mutant enzyme from Paracoccus denitrificans, in which the reaction with oxygen stops at the P(R) intermediate. Three different time-resolved techniques were used. Optical spectroscopy showed fast (approximately 60 micros) appearance of the P(R) species along with full oxidation of heme a, and FTIR spectroscopy revealed a band at 1,308 cm(-1), which is characteristic for the deprotonated form of the cross-linked Tyr-280. The development of electric potential during formation of the P(R) species suggests transfer of a proton over a distance of approximately 4 A perpendicular to the membrane plane, which is close to the distance between the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group of Tyr-280 and the bound oxygen. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the cross-linked tyrosine is the proton donor for O-O bond cleavage by cytochrome c oxidase and strengthens the view that this tyrosine also provides the fourth electron in O(2) reduction in conditions where heme a is oxidized.
Neural reflex regulation of arterial pressure in pathophysiological conditions: interplay among the baroreflex, the cardiopulmonary reflexes and the chemoreflex (1997)

The maintenance of arterial pressure at levels adequate to perfuse the tissues is a basic requirement for the constancy of the internal environment and survival. The objective of the present review was to provide information about the basic reflex mechanisms that are responsible for the moment-to-moment regulation of the cardiovascular system. We demonstrate that this control is largely provided by the action of arterial and non-arterial reflexes that detect and correct changes in arterial pressure (baroreflex), blood volume or chemical composition (mechano- and chemosensitive cardiopulmonary reflexes), and changes in blood-gas composition (chemoreceptor reflex). The importance of the integration of these cardiovascular reflexes is well understood and it is clear that processing mainly occurs in the nucleus tractus solitarii, although the mechanism is poorly understood. There are several indications that the interactions of baroreflex, chemoreflex and Bezold-Jarisch reflex inputs, and the central nervous system control the activity of autonomic preganglionic neurons through parallel afferent and efferent pathways to achieve cardiovascular homeostasis. It is surprising that so little appears in the literature about the integration of these neural reflexes in cardiovascular function. Thus, our purpose was to review the interplay between peripheral neural reflex mechanisms of arterial blood pressure and blood volume regulation in physiological and pathophysiological states. Special emphasis is placed on the experimental model of arterial hypertension induced by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in which the interplay of these three reflexes is demonstrable.
Applying Artificial Neural Networks to Investment Analysis (1992)

(1992). Applying Artificial Neural Networks to Investment Analysis. Financial Analysts Journal: Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 78-80.
GENERALIZED K-T BLAST AND K-T SENSE USING FOCUSS (2007)

According to the recent theory of compressed sensing, accurate reconstruction is possible even from data samples dramatically smaller than Nyquist sampling limit as long as the unknown image is sparse. In MRI, dynamic imaging such as cardiac cine may be a nice application of the compressed sensing theory since it requires significant reduction of data acquisition time whereas the periodic motions are usually sparse in spectral domain. The main contribution of this paper is to show that a sparse reconstruction method called the focal underdetermined system solver (FOCUSS) is a very effective compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm by exploiting the sparsity in spectral domain. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that celebrated k-t BLAST and k-t SENSE are special cases of our algorithm; hence our algorithm outperforms them in general situations
Ligand-receptor interactions and trans-endocytosis of Delta, Serrate and Notch: members of the Notch signalling pathway in <i>Drosophila</i> (1999)

Molecular evidence has established that direct heterotypic interactions occur between the Drosophila receptor Notch and the ligands Delta and Serrate, and that homotypic interactions occur between Delta molecules on opposing cell surfaces. Using an aggregation assay developed for Drosophila cultured cells, we have compared the affinities of these interactions. We find that the heterotypic interactions between Notch and the ligands Delta and Serrate have higher affinities than homotypic interactions between Delta molecules. Contrary to previous suggestions, our evidence implies that the interactions between Serrate and Notch are similar in affinity to those between Delta and Notch. We find that Fringe does not detectably affect the ligand-receptor interactions of the Notch pathway in cultured cells. Furthermore, we find that Serrate, like Delta, is a transmembrane ligand that can participate in reciprocal trans-endocytosis of ligand and receptor between expressing cells. Our findings imply that qualitative differences between Delta- and Serrate-mediated Notch signalling depend on characteristics other than intrinsic ligand-receptor affinities or the ability to participate in reciprocal ligand and receptor trans-endocytosis.
A look at scalable dense linear algebra libraries (2003)

Discusses the essential design features of a library of scalable software for performing dense linear algebra computations on distributed memory concurrent computers. The square block scattered decomposition is proposed as a flexible and general-purpose way of decomposing most, if not all, dense matrix problems. An object-oriented interface to the library permits more portable applications to be written, and is easy to learn and use, since details of the parallel implementation are hidden from the user. Experiments on the Intel Touchstone Delta system with a prototype code that uses the square block scattered decomposition to perform LU factorization are presented and analyzed. It was found that the code was both scalable and efficient, performing at about 14 GFLOPS (double precision) for the largest problem considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functional metal–bipyridinium frameworks: self-assembly and applications (2015)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as newly emerged materials have experienced rapid development in the last few years. The modular synthesis procedure allows integrating functional groups in their frameworks with varied applications. Due to the easy modification of the backbone and highly charged characteristics with interesting electron-active properties, the use of bipyridinium derivatives as synthons for the fabrication of functional metal-bipyridinium frameworks (MBPFs) has attracted increased interest over the past few years. Various bipyridinium-bearing ligands have been designed for the construction of functional MBPFs, and some of them present intriguing properties for potential applications including photochromism and photoswitching, sensing, molecule adsorption and separation. This perspective aims to highlight the recent progress in this area, and seeks to uncover promising ideas that will underscore future advancements at both the fundamental and applied levels.
품질경영시스템과 글로벌 스탠더드 ; 경영시스템 통합을 위한 조선기자재 업체의 경영시스템 운용분석 (2007)

Organizations worldwide make efforts to develop their management systems for business functions. The representatives of management systems include quality management system (QMS), environmental management system (EMS) and occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS). Implementing EMS and/or OHSMS in addition to QMS requires the integration of separate management systems in alignment with the organization`s strategies and goals. Through the questionnaire survey on Korean marine equipment enterprises, this paper deals with the operational practices of management systems and analyzes perceptions about integrated management system (IMS). We found out the degree of perception is not sufficient enough to prepare background for IMS in Korean marine equipment enterprises. The results contribute to solid understanding and successful implementation of IMS.
On the Regulation and Development of the Industry Association of China (2005)

It is evident that the industry association will play more and more important roles in connecting the government,markets and businesses as a bridge.This paper portrays the present situation of the industry association of China,analyses the problems in developing,and puts forward some suggestions on how to regulate and develop the industry association.
Role of CD4 T Cell Help and Costimulation in CD8 T Cell Responses During <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Infection (2003)

CD4 T cells are known to assist the CD8 T cell response by activating APC via CD40-CD40 ligand (L) interactions. However, recent data have shown that bacterial products can directly activate APC through Toll-like receptors, resulting in up-regulation of costimulatory molecules necessary for the efficient priming of naive T cells. It remains unclear what role CD4 T cell help and various costimulation pathways play in the development of CD8 T cell responses during bacterial infection. In this study, we examined these questions using an intracellular bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, as a model of infection. In CD4 T cell-depleted, CD4(-/-), and MHC class II(-/-) mice, L. monocytogenes infection induced CD8 T cell activation and primed epitope-specific CD8 T cells to levels commensurate with those in normal C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, these epitope-specific CD8 T cells established long-term memory in CD4(-/-) mice that was capable of mounting a protective recall response. In vitro analysis showed that L. monocytogenes directly stimulated the activation and maturation of murine dendritic cells. The CD8 T cell response to L. monocytogenes was normal in CD40L(-/-) mice but defective in CD28(-/-) and CD137L(-/-) mice. These data show that in situations where infectious agents or immunogens can directly activate APC, CD8 T cell responses are less dependent on CD4 T cell help via the CD40-CD40L pathway but involve costimulation through CD137-CD137L and B7-CD28 interactions.