gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time locating systems for smart city and intelligent transportation applications (2017)

In this paper, we focus on practical issues related to the implementation of real time locating systems (RTLS) in the context of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. These emerging concepts are an important part of novel areas such as Smart Cities and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Some problems encountered during the development of these systems result from the limitations of technologies that are supposed to become the basis for these new applications. In our opinion, there is additionally a direct link between the development of the new technologies, the architectural planning, as well as regulations. An appropriate planning of surrounding of the road will facilitate the realization of V2I systems. On the other hand, technology limitations will provide guidance how to design the road environment. In this work, we focus, in particular, on the assessment of the localization precision of RTLS used in ITS. The precision to some extent will depend on the variation of physical parameters of the used circuits, e.g. PVT (process, voltage, temperature) variation → delay in answer → localization error → safety issues.
Viscosity-Temperature Behavior of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Solution in Presence of an Electrolyte or a Surfactant: A Convenient Method to Determine the Cloud Point of Polymer Solutions (2014)

The viscosity of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) solution with or without an additive has been measured continuously as a function of temperature with the help of a vibro-viscometer. The viscosity of the polymer solution showed a gradual decrease initially with increase in temperature until a particular point beyond which there was a sharp decrease in the viscosity, which coincided with the clouding of the solution. The cloud point temperature (CP) of the polymer solution was determined from the first derivative plot of viscosity vs. temperature. Effect of addition of an electrolyte or a surfactant on the CP of HPC solution has also been studied. While a decrease in CP of HPC solution in presence of fluoride, chloride, or bromide ions was observed, presence of iodide or thiocyanide ions led to an increase in the CP. However, presence of an ionic surfactant initially lowered the CP but beyond a particular surfactant concentration a sharp increase in cloud point was observed due to interaction of the surfactant with the polymer. The results suggest that surfactants with longer hydrophobic tail or more hydrophobic groups have more affinity for HPC.
MITES IN INDUSTRY (1954)

INDUSTRIAL dermatoses due to mites have not been reported frequently in the English literature. However, this infrequency of recorded cases does not indicate that mites are seldom instigators of pruriginous eruptions. Both a review of the literature and personal experiences suggest that there is no real scarcity of mitecaused dermatoses, but only an apparent paucity of such cases. We believe that there are numerous examples of acariasis in the United States, either in endemic or small epidemic foci. These cases would occur most often among people whose occupations compel intimate contact with mite-infested materials, and in such persons a minor acarid eruption is probably not an uncommon occurrence. Such episodes are seldom reported; indeed, they are not too frequently seen by physicians, for the individual's past experience assures him that his dermatitis is limited. Because such conditions prevail there are few summons for the physician's services. But we wish
Transmission blockade of Plasmodium falciparum malaria by anti-Pfs230-specific antibodies is isotype dependent (1995)

By use of the parental hybridoma cell line 63F2A2 that produces specific antibodies of immunoglobulin isotype G1 (IgG1; 63F2A2.1) against Pfs230, we attempted to enrich for the synthesis of the downstream switch variant IgG2b and IgG2a monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of the hybridoma cell line (63F2A2.2b and 63F2A2.2a, respectively). The parental IgG1 did not reduce the Plasmodium falciparum transmission in a bioassay irrespective of the presence of complement. MAbs 63F2A2.2b and 63F2A2.2a were effective in reducing the infectivity of P. falciparum parasites to Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in membrane-feeding experiments. A transmission reduction of 91% was accomplished by the 63F2A2.2b switch variant, and a reduction of greater than 99% was accomplished by the 63F2A2.2a switch variant, but only in the presence of active human complement. Subsequently, the transmission-reducing effect of MAb 63F2A2.2b or 63F2A2.2a was confirmed in vitro by the rapid lysis of newly formed macrogametes or zygotes in the presence of active complement. MAb 63F2A2.1 did not lyse the newly formed macrogametes or zygotes irrespective of the presence of complement.
Dobutamine stress echocardiography identifies hibernating myocardium and predicts recovery of left ventricular function after coronary revascularization. (1993)

Dobutamine stress echocardiography provides a simple, cost-effective, and widely available method of identifying hibernating myocardium and predicting improvement in regional left ventricular wall thickening after coronary revascularization. This technique may be clinically valuable in the selection of patients for coronary revascularization.
Errors in <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> estimation using multislice multiple‐echo imaging (1987)

Accurate T2 images calculated from multiple-echo sequences are difficult to obtain over a number of contiguous slices due to the presence of unwanted echoes that are generated at the slice edges. This problem is similar to problems encountered in single-slice imaging in the presence of rf pulse imperfections. In this paper, we use computer simulations to show that all unwanted echoes can be eliminated by defocusing them using additions to the slice-selection gradients. Accurate T2 images may then be calculated from the remaining echoes. We also present a method of experimentally displaying the slice shapes of unwanted echoes generated by a multislice imaging sequence.
MicroRNA-223 is neuroprotective by targeting glutamate receptors (2012)

Stroke is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Extracellular glutamate accumulation leading to overstimulation of the ionotropic glutamate receptors mediates neuronal injury in stroke and in neurodegenerative disorders. Here we show that miR-223 controls the response to neuronal injury by regulating the functional expression of the glutamate receptor subunits GluR2 and NR2B in brain. Overexpression of miR-223 lowers the levels of GluR2 and NR2B by targeting 3'-UTR target sites (TSs) in GluR2 and NR2B, inhibits NMDA-induced calcium influx in hippocampal neurons, and protects the brain from neuronal cell death following transient global ischemia and excitotoxic injury. MiR-223 deficiency results in higher levels of NR2B and GluR2, enhanced NMDA-induced calcium influx, and increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal neurons. In addition, the absence of MiR-223 leads to contextual, but not cued memory deficits and increased neuronal cell death following transient global ischemia and excitotoxicity. These data identify miR-223 as a major regulator of the expression of GluR2 and NR2B, and suggest a therapeutic role for miR-223 in stroke and other excitotoxic neuronal disorders.
Threshold-driven optimization for reference-based auto-planning (2018)

We study threshold-driven optimization methodology for automatically generating a treatment plan that is motivated by a reference DVH for IMRT treatment planning. We present a framework for threshold-driven optimization for reference-based auto-planning (TORA). Commonly used voxel-based quadratic penalties have two components for penalizing under- and over-dosing of voxels: a reference dose threshold and associated penalty weight. Conventional manual- and auto-planning using such a function involves iteratively updating the preference weights while keeping the thresholds constant, an unintuitive and often inconsistent method for planning toward some reference DVH. However, driving a dose distribution by threshold values instead of preference weights can achieve similar plans with less computational effort. The proposed methodology spatially assigns reference DVH information to threshold values, and iteratively improves the quality of that assignment. The methodology effectively handles both sub-optimal and infeasible DVHs. TORA was applied to a prostate case and a liver case as a proof-of-concept. Reference DVHs were generated using a conventional voxel-based objective, then altered to be either infeasible or easy-to-achieve. TORA was able to closely recreate reference DVHs in 5-15 iterations of solving a simple convex sub-problem. TORA has the potential to be effective for auto-planning based on reference DVHs. As dose prediction and knowledge-based planning becomes more prevalent in the clinical setting, incorporating such data into the treatment planning model in a clear, efficient way will be crucial for automated planning. A threshold-focused objective tuning should be explored over conventional methods of updating preference weights for DVH-guided treatment planning.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN READING ACHIEVEMENT; pp. 3–13 (2009)

In the last century many studies have revealed the advantages of girls in reading and superiority of boys in science. However, the international tests detected no difference in science test results in the 21st century. The aim of the study was to find the sex effect size and variances in reading achievement in recent international studies. The analysis of PISA 2000, 2003, and 2006 data and the PIRLS 2001 and 2006 data revealed that the advantages in reading achievement of ten-year old girls was 0.23d and that of 15-year old girls was 0.42d. One explanation of girlsâ higher achievement in reading is in their deeper engagement in language related activities. Comparisons with other studies and possible implications are shown.
Water Saturation Uncertainty of Tight, Microporosity Dominated Carbonate Reservoirs and the Impact on Hydrocarbon Volume; Case Study from Abu Dhabi, UAE (2014)

ABSTRACT The presence of microporosity in carbonate rocks is notorious for suppressing the response and creating a low resistivity contrast between water and oil. Microporosity can have a major impact on hydrocarbon volume because the capillary bound water in micropores can result in an over estimation of water saturation using Archie dependent calculations. This paper demonstrates and discusses the uncertainty related to water saturations calculated using Archie dependent methods and non-Archie dependent methods. The advantages and disadvantages of non-Archie dependent methods, e.g. mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP), NMR log and sigma log, have been numerously discussed in the literature. The purpose of this study was to quantify the variations in water saturations that can be interpreted using a number of methods and identify the related uncertainties. During the course of this study water saturation methods used were resistivity derived saturation log, MICP, Sigma log and Dean Stark core saturation. The results of this study show that each method has its own characteristics in response to the microporosity, suggesting unique uncertainties. Hydrocarbon volumes have been modelled using each method across the same reservoir. Results show the different methodologies can provide significant differences in calculated hydrocarbon volumes, which can be as much as ten times the calculated volume. It is clear from the results that the most affected water saturation calculation method is Archie based methodologies (e.g. resistivity log saturation). However, non-Archie based methodologies also show significant differences in the volume of hydrocarbon saturation calculated. The presentation outlines the importance of careful selection of water saturation calculation methods in microporosity dominated carbonate reservoirs. It is shown how a combination of several approaches can be used to capture the potential uncertainty and help to develop a robust and useable 3D geological model..
Cellulose-based materials as scaffolds for tissue engineering (2013)

Two types of cellulose-based materials, 6-carboxycellulose with 2.1 or 6.6 wt% of –COOH groups, were prepared and tested for potential use in tissue engineering. The materials were functionalized with arginine, i.e. an amino acid with a basic side chain, or with chitosan, in order to balance the relatively acid character of oxidized cellulose molecules, and were seeded with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The cell adhesion and growth were then evaluated directly on the materials, and also on the underlying polystyrene culture dishes. Of these two types of studied materials, 6-carboxycellulose with 2.1 wt% of –COOH groups was more appropriate for cell colonization. The cells on this material achieved an elongated shape, while they were spherical in shape on the other materials. The number of cells and the concentration (per mg of protein) of contractile proteins alpha-actin and SM1 and SM2 myosins, i.e. markers of the phenotypic maturation of VSMC, were also significantly higher on this material. Functionalization of the material with arginine and chitosan further improved the phenotypic maturation of VSMC. Chitosan also improved the adhesion and growth of these cells. In comparison with the control polystyrene dishes, the proliferation of cells on our cellulose-based materials was relatively low. This suggests that these materials can be used in applications where high proliferation activity of cells is not desirable, e.g. proliferation of VSMC on vascular prostheses. Alternatively, the cell proliferation might be enhanced by another more efficient modification, which would require further research.
COMPARISON OF TWO PALPATION, FOUR RADIOGRAPHIC AND THREE ULTRASOUND METHODS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF MILD TO MODERATE CANINE HIP DYSPLASIA (2000)

Hip joint laxity was evaluated in Golden Retriever (n = 60), Labrador Retriever (n = 23), and Labrador/Golden Retriever mix (n = 24) puppies. Ortolani and Bardens maneuvers, four radiographic measurement indices and three dynamic ultrasonographic measurements were used. Each puppy was evaluated twice; at 6.5 to 9 and 43 to 79 weeks of age. These nine methods were compared for accuracy in predicting the development of canine hip dysplasia with or without degenerative joint disease by a median age of 16 months. The Bardens maneuver was a significant predictor of canine hip dysplasia/+/-degenerative joint disease for Golden Retriever puppies, however, it was not a reliable predictor for the other two breeds. Norberg angle measurements taken with femurs in a neutral position with hips distracted (PennHip position) was a significant predictor of degenerative joint disease in two breeds, but not in Golden Retriever puppies. Ultrasound measurement was a reliable predictor of hip canine hip dysplasia/+/-degenerative joint disease for Labrador/Golden Retriever mix puppies, but was not reliable for the other two breeds. Palpation, radiographic, and ultrasonographic methods of evaluating hip joint laxity in puppies at 6.5 to 9 weeks of age were not consistently reliable for all three breeds in predicting hip dysplasia with or without degenerative joint disease at one year of age. A strong association was found between Norberg angle and degenerative joint disease occurrence, as well as between distraction index (PennHip) and degenerative joint disease occurrence when measured at 52 to 79 weeks of age, but not when measured at 6.5 to 9 weeks of age in these breeds. These results emphasize the difficulty of early detection of mild hip dysplasia in the dog.
Recognizing objects from constraints (2003)

In object-oriented representation, inheritance determines the attributes of a given object, given its type. Conversely, recognition determines the type of an object, given its attributes. The author addresses the more general problem of recognition from constraints; arguing that it can be seen as a special case of the classical abduction process and that it can be implemented as an abduction operation on constraints. Abductive reasoning is common in most fields of artificial intelligence. Constraint logic programming (CLP) generalizes logic programming by replacing unification with constraint solving. He first explores the relationship between abduction and CLP and shows that CLP is a special case of abduction. A class of problems is then identified for which the usual unrestricted forms of abduction are unsuitable. Within the CLP framework a restricted form of abduction is formulated which is applicable to the whole class of problems, in which object-oriented recognition can be considered as a special case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A chip-based Brillouin laser gyroscope (2020)

Inspired by the success of semiconductor-chip-based MEMs rotation sensors, there has long been interest in the possible realization of chip-based optical gyroscopes. Such devices could potentially be lightweight and rugged, while featuring some of the sensitivity advantages of Sagnac-based sensing devices. However, the performance of integrated-optical gyroscopes has lagged behind MEMS devices on account of difficult-to-achieve requirements for low-optical-loss chip-based waveguides and optical resonators. Here, a chip-based ring laser gyroscope is described. Its sensitivity is high enough to measure the Earth's rotation. The physical principles of its operation and its current performance will be reviewed.
A low-noise CMOS interface for capacitive microaccelerometers (2009)

The high-performance accelerometers with micro-gravity resolution and large dynamic range at very low frequencies are not only used in GPS-augmented inertial navigation, monitoring of aircrafts and space station, but also used in monitoring wind turbines for green energy. This dissertation presents the design and development of a mixed-signal, low-noise, and fourth-order sigma-delta interface circuit for the MEMS capacitive micro-gravity accelerometer. A fully-differential switched-capacitor (SC) amplifier architecture is developed with the low-frequency noise reduction through the integration of chopper-stabilization technique with lateral BJT at input stage. The effectiveness of different noise reduction techniques is also compared and verified. The application of fourth-order SC sigma-delta modulation concept to the inertial-grade accelerometer is to achieve the benefits of the digitization of the accelerometer output without compromising the resolution of the analog front-end. This open-loop interface provides 1-bit digital output stream and has the versatility of interfacing sensors with different sensitivities while maintaining minimum power dissipation and maximum dynamic range. The micromechanical accelerometers are fabricated in thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. The accelerometer operates in air and is designed for non-peaking response with a bandwidth of 500 Hz.
Analysis of VH-D-JH gene transcripts in B cells infiltrating the salivary glands and lymph node tissues of patients with Sj�gren's syndrome (1999)

These data provide evidence, on the nucleotide sequence level, that an antigen-triggered clonal B cell expansion takes place in the salivary glands of patients with SS who do not have histologic evidence of developing lymphoma. It may be speculated that those B cell clones expand during disease progression, resulting in lymphomagenesis.
Studies on lens-aldose-reductase inhibitor in medicinal plants. II. Active constituents of Monochasma savatierii Franch. et Maxim. (1989)

The 70% acetone extract of Monochasma savatierii FRANCH. et MAXIM. showed very strong inhibition of rabbit lens aldose reductase (AR). From the active fraction, five iridoid glucosides along with the two phenolic glycosides, acteoside and dehydroacteoside, have been isolated. Among them, acteoside showed the highest activity, being about 2.5 times more potent than baicalein, a known natural inhibitor of AR (IC50 = 9.8 x 10(-7) M). Demethylmussaenoside and 7-O-acetyl-8-epi-loganic acid, which are iridoid glucosides, had weak inhibitory activity.
The catecholamine binding site of the beta-adrenergic receptor is formed by juxtaposed membrane-spanning domains. (1988)

The catecholamine binding domain of the turkey erythrocyte beta-adrenergic receptor was mapped by determining the sites of covalent labeling of the purified receptor by two beta-adrenergic photoaffinity reagents, [125I]iodocyanopindolol-diazirine (ICYP-da) and [125I] iodoazidobenzylpindolol (IABP). Both labels were incorporated at two separate sites. By sequencing a labeled peptide, one site of labeling was found to lie at Trp330 in the extracellular half of the seventh membrane span. This position is homologous to the retinal attachment site in rhodopsin. The second labeled site was isolated on an 8000-Da peptide and immunoprecipitated using sequence-directed antibodies. This site lies in membrane spans 3-5. Labeling of the two sites was equal using ICYP-da and 3-10-fold greater in the span 7 site using IABP. These data indicate that the catecholamine binding site is formed from the juxtaposition of span 7 and spans 3-5 in a tertiary structure probably similar to that of rhodopsin.
Ghrelin Receptor Ligands Reaching Clinical Trials: From Peptides to Peptidomimetics; from Agonists to Antagonists (2015)

In the recent decades, great progress has been made in the development of ghrelin receptor ligands. The discovery of the first in vitro only active peptide growth hormone secretagogue derived from Met-enkephalin was the foundation for later discoveries of the receptor and the endogenous ligand ghrelin. Since then, the scope of peptides, peptidomimetics, and small-molecules targeting the ghrelin receptor, GHS-R1a, has expanded dramatically. Numerous agonists have been tested in animals and several in humans, and a handful have progressed to clinical trials for indications such as growth hormone release, gastric emptying, and cachexia. However, with the exception of the approval of GHRP-2 for diagnostic purposes in Japan, none of the candidates have been successfully introduced into the market. More recently, the attention of researchers has been concentrated on developing antagonists and inverse agonists for pharmacological treatment of the ever-expanding obese and overweight population. In this review, we describe the development of GHS-R1a targeting agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists. We focus on current and completed clinical trials and the therapeutic potential of currently available ligands.
Weiterer Ausbau der Windenergienutzung im Hinblick auf den Klimaschutz - Teil 2 - (2002)

We demonstrate the first step of a complete program, which consists in establishing an x-ray energy standard scale with the use of few-body atoms, in the few keV range. Light pionic and muonic atoms as well as one and two-electron ions from electron-cyclotron ion sources are used. The transition energies are calculable from quantum-electrodynamics, meaning that only a very limited subset need be measured and compared with theory, while providing a large number of standard lines. Here we show that circular transitions in pionic neon atoms, completely stripped from their electrons, reveal spectral lines which are narrow, symmetric, and well reproducible. We use these lines for the energy determination of transition energies in complex electronic systems, like the Kalpha(1,2) transitions in metallic Ti, which may serve as secondary standard.
Removal of nitrogen compounds from liquid hydrocarbon streams by selective sorption on metal-organic framework MIL-101 (2010)

High sorption capability and selectivity towards N-containing compounds were observed for metal-organic framework MIL-101 under the sorption from light cycle oil and model mixtures.