gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal Carbonation of Forsterite in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O Using Solid State <sup>29</sup>Si, <sup>13</sup>C NMR Spectroscopy (2010)

Ex situ natural abundance magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR was used for the first time to study fundamental mineral carbonation processes and reaction extent relevant to geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) using a model silicate mineral forsterite (Mg2SiO4)+supercritical CO2 with and without H2O. Run conditions were 80 °C and 96 atm. With H2O but without CO2, 29Si MAS NMR reveals that the reaction products contain only two peaks of similar intensities located at about −84.8 and −91.8 ppm, which can be assigned to surface Q1 and Q2 species, i.e., SiO4 tetrahedra sharing one and two corners with other tetrahedra, respectively. Using scCO2 without H2O, no reaction is observed within 7 days. Using both scCO2 and H2O, the surface reaction products for silica are mainly Q4 species (−111.6 ppm) accompanied by a lesser amount of Q3 (−102 ppm) and Q2 (−91.8 ppm) species. No surface Q1 species were detected, indicating the carbonic acid formation and magnesite (MgCO3) precipitation reactions are faster than the forsterite hydrolysis process. Thus, it can be concluded that the Mg2SiO4 hydrolysis process is the rate limiting step of the overall mineral carbonation process. 29Si NMR combined with XRD, TEM, SAED, and EDX further reveals that the reaction is a surface reaction with the Mg2SiO4 crystallite in the core and with condensed Q2, Q3, and Q4 species forming highly porous amorphous surface layers. 13C MAS NMR unambiguously identified a reaction intermediate as Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O, i.e., the dypingite.
Regrowth of Skeletal Muscle Atrophied from Inactivity (2004)

The current state of knowledge regarding regrowth of skeletal muscle after inactivity-induced atrophy is reviewed. Muscle regrowth is incomplete after hindlimb suspension in juvenile rats and after limb immobilization in old animals. The process of regrowth from immobilization-induced atrophy likely involves the reversal of directional changes in molecules producing muscle loss while initiating anabolic processes for regrowth of muscle mass. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms responsible for successful, or failed, muscle regrowth are not well understood. The purpose of the review is to provide current knowledge about the biology of muscle regrowth from inactivity-induced atrophy.
<title>Smart skin spiral antenna with chiral absorber</title> (1995)

Recently there has been considerable interest toward designing 'smart skins' for aircraft. The smart skin is a composite layer which may contain conformal radars, conformal microstrip antennas or spiral antennas for electromagnetic applications. These embedded antennas will give rise to very low radar cross section (RCS) or can be completely 'hidden' to tracking radar. In addition, they can be used to detect, monitor or even jam other unwanted electromagnetic field signatures. This paper is designed to address some technical advances made to reduce the size of spiral antennas using tunable dielectric materials and chiral absorbers. The purpose is to design, develop and fabricate a thin, wideband, conformal spiral antenna architecture that is structurally integrable and which uses advanced Penn State dielectric and absorber materials to achieve wideband ground planes, and together with low RCS. Traditional practice has been to design radome and antenna as separate entities and then resolve any interface problems during an integration phase. A structurally integrable conformal antenna, however, demands that the functional components be highly integrated both conceptually and in practice. Our concept is to use the lower skin of the radome as a substrate on which the radiator can be made using standard photolithography, thick film or LTCC techniques.
The development of a questionnaire to assess the attitudes of older people to end-of-life issues (AEOLI) (2005)

In modern times, death and dying predominantly occurs among older people and yet we know very little about older people's attitudes to end-of-life care. The AEOLI questionnaire can be used in large scale surveys to elicit attitudes on end-of life issues considered important by older people and health care professionals.
Notes on the <i>Financial Times</i>—Actuaries Index (1969)

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Passive Intermodulation Due to Conductor Surface Roughness (2018)

The physical mechanism of the experimentally observed dependence of passive intermodulation (PIM) in printed circuits on conductor surface roughness is studied. It is shown that electrothermal (ET) nonlinearity, arising due to heating of imperfect conductors by high-power carriers in a multicarrier system, is correlated with conductor surface roughness and has a unique signature. Carriers modulate the conductor resistivity, skin depth, and surface impedance which generate PIM products. The detailed analysis demonstrates that ET-PIM depends on the conductor resistivity, shape, and roughness profile and also on the electric and thermal properties of the substrate. Their effects on PIM are illustrated by examples of uniform microstrip lines with different conductor and substrate materials, and periodically perturbed and meandered microstrip lines.
On effective TSV repair for 3D-stacked ICs (2012)

3D-stacked ICs that employ through-silicon vias (TSVs) to connect multiple dies vertically have gained wide-spread interest in the semiconductor industry. In order to be commercially viable, the assembly yield for 3D-stacked ICs must be as high as possible, requiring TSVs to be reparable. Existing techniques typically assume TSV faults to be uniformly distributed and use neighboring TSVs to repair faulty ones, if any. In practice, however, clustered TSV faults are quite common due to the fact that the TSV bonding quality depends on surface roughness and cleaness of silicon dies, rendering prior TSV redundancy solutions less effective. To resolve this problem, we present a novel TSV repair framework, including a hardware architecture that enables faulty TSVs to be repaired by redundant TSVs that are farther apart, and the corresponding repair algorithm. By doing so, the manufacturing yield for 3D-stacked ICs can be dramatically improved, as demonstrated in our experimental results.
Lightweight secure communication for CoAP-enabled Internet of Things using delegated DTLS handshake (2014)

IETF CoRE working group proposed to use DTLS for supporting secure IoT services. In this paper, we examine problems that can happen when applying the DTLS protocol to IoT networks directly. To solve the problems, we separate the DTLS protocol into two; the handshake phase and the encryption phase. Our approach enhances performance in both device and network by using a way to delegate the DTLS handshake phase. We also present two scenarios (inbound and outbound) based on the properties of Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) enabled sensors. The proposed scheme supports secure end-to-end communication despite using delegation.
Increasing reliability of an interactive mobile satellite telecommunication system using diversity and MIMO schemes (2009)

Observation of the mobile satellite system industry shows a significant growth in the need for more demanding services and higher rates these last years; as an example, recent success of hybrid broadcasting system (XM, Sirius) and DVB-SH arrival are meeting commercial users expectations in terms of high rates mobile communications. In this context, the use of diversity and MIMO schemes (cyclic delay diversity and Alamouti) is studied in this paper in the aim of increasing reliability of interactive systems which don't take benefit of very long interleaving time durations (as pure broadcasting systems). Simulations have been done on a DVB-SH physical layer adapted to support 1×1, 1×2, 2×1, 2×2 multiplexing schemes. Satellite mobile MIMO channels have been used. This paper presents combinations of diversity/MIMO architectures, interleaving durations, channels, and makes the trade off of the air interface adjustment regarding of the results.
Germ-Line Mutation of <i>NKX3.1</i> Cosegregates with Hereditary Prostate Cancer and Alters the Homeodomain Structure and Function (2006)

NKX3.1, a gene mapped to 8p21, is a member of the NK class of homeodomain proteins and is expressed primarily in the prostate. NKX3.1 exerts a growth-suppressive and differentiating effect on prostate epithelial cells. Because of its known functions and its location within a chromosomal region where evidence for prostate cancer linkage and somatic loss of heterozygosity is found, we hypothesize that sequence variants in the NKX3.1 gene increase prostate cancer risk. To address this, we first resequenced the NKX3.1 gene in 159 probands of hereditary prostate cancer families recruited at Johns Hopkins Hospital; each family has at least three first-degree relatives affected with prostate cancer. Twenty-one germ-line variants were identified in this analysis, including one previously described common nonsynonymous change (R52C), two novel rare nonsynonymous changes (A17T and T164A), and a novel common 18-bp deletion in the promoter. Overall, the germ-line variants were significantly linked to prostate cancer, with a peak heterogeneity logarithm of odds of 2.04 (P = 0.002) at the NKX3.1 gene. The rare nonsynonymous change, T164A, located in the homeobox domain of the gene, segregated with prostate cancer in a family with three affected brothers and one unaffected brother. Importantly, nuclear magnetic resonance solution structure analysis and circular dichroism studies showed this specific mutation to affect the stability of the homeodomain of the NKX3.1 protein and decreased binding to its cognate DNA recognition sequence. These results suggest that germ-line sequence variants in NKX3.1 may play a role in susceptibility to hereditary prostate cancer and underscore a role for NKX3.1 as a prostate cancer gatekeeper.
Polyethylene Oxide Gel: A New Intranasal Dressing After Septorhinoplasty (1991)

The purpose of intranasal dressings after septorhinoplasty is to absorb secretions, stop bleeding, act as an internal splint, discourage adhesions, and facilitate nasal hygiene. The ideal dressing should conform to the irregularities of the nasal cavity and resist adherence to the wounds of the nasal lining so it can be easily removed. It should be nonirritating, antiseptic, and economical. The failure of previously reported dressings in one or more of these requirements led us to evaluate a new alternative. Polyethylene oxide gel (Vigilon) was identified as a potential improvement and investigated in 48 patients over 17 months. There were no significant complications. Polyethylene oxide gel appears superior to previously described dressings, primarily because of comfort for the patient at removal.
Regulation of Biological Activity and Matrix Assembly of Laminin-5 by COOH-terminal, LG4–5 Domain of α3 Chain (2005)

The basement membrane protein laminin-5 (LN5; alpha3beta3gamma2) undergoes specific proteolytic processing of the 190-kDa alpha3 chain to the 160-kDa form after the secretion, releasing its COOH-terminal, LG4-5 domain. To clarify the biological significance of this processing, we tried to express a recombinant precursor LN5 with a 190-kDa alpha3 chain (pre-LN5), in which the cleavage sequence Gln-Asp was changed to Ala-Ala by point mutation. When the wild-type and mutated LN5 heterotrimers were expressed in HEK293 cells, the wild-type alpha3 chain was completely cleaved, whereas the mutated alpha3 chain was partially cleaved at the same cleavage site (Ala-Ala). pre-LN5 was preferentially deposited on the extracellular matrix, but this deposition was effectively blocked by exogenous heparin. This suggests that interaction between the LG4-5 domain and heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface and/or extracellular matrix is important in the matrix assembly of LN5. Next, we purified both pre-LN5 and the mature LN5 with the processed, 160-kDa alpha3 chain (mat-LN5) from the conditioned medium of the HEK293 cells and compared their biological activities. mat-LN5 showed higher activities to promote cell adhesion, cell scattering, cell migration, and neurite outgrowth than pre-LN5. These results indicate that the proteolytic removal of LG4-5 from the 190-kDa alpha3 chain converts the precursor LN5 from a less active form to a fully active form. Furthermore, the released LG4-5 fragment stimulated the neurite outgrowth in the presence of mat-LN5, suggesting that LG4-5 synergistically enhances integrin signaling as it is released from the precursor LN5.
H2 metabolism in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata: H2 production by growing cultures (1977)

Purple photosynthetic bacteria produce H2 from organic compounds by an anaerobic light-dependent electron transfer process in which nitrogenase functions as the terminal catalyst. It has been established that the H2-evolving function of nitrogenase is inhibited by N2 and ammonium salts, and is maximally expressed in cells growing photoheterotrophically with certain amino acids as sources of nitrogen. In the present studies with Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, nutritional factors affecting the rate and magnitude of H2 photoproduction in cultures growing with amino acid nitrogen sources were examined. The highest H2 yields and rates of formation were observed with the organic acids: lactate, pyruvate, malate, and succinate in media containing glutamate as the N source; under optimal conditions with excess lactate, H2 was produced at rates of ca. 130 ml/h per g(dry weight) of cells. Hydrogen production is significantly influenced by the N/C ratio in the growth substrates; when this ratio exceeds a critical value, free ammonia appears in the medium and H2 is not evolved. In the "standard" lactate + glutamate system, both H2 production and growth are "saturated" at a light intesity of ca. 600 ft-c (6,500 lux). Evolution of H2, however, occurs during growth at lithe intensities as low as 50 to 100 ft-c (540 to 1,080 lux), i.e., under conditions of energy limitation. In circumstances in which energy conversion rate and supplies of reducing power exceed the capacity of the biosynthetic machinery, energy-dependent H2 production presumably represents a regulatory device that facilitates "energy-idling." It appears that even when light intensity (energy) is limiting, a significant fraction of the available reducing power and adenosine 5'-triphosphate is diverted to nitrogenase, resulting in H2 formation and a bioenergetic burden to the cell.
Dual-Specificity MAP Kinase Phosphatases as Targets of Cancer Treatment (2011)

The protein tyrosine phosphatase family (PTP) contains a group of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) that regulate the activivity of MAP kinases (MAPKs), which are key effectors in the control of cell growth and survival in physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. These phosphatases, named as MKP-DUSPs, include the MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) as well as a group of small-size atypical DUSPs structurally and functionally related to the MKPs. MKP-DUSPs, in most of the cases, are direct inactivators of MAPKs by dephosphorylation of both the Thr and the Tyr regulatory residues at the MAPKs catalytic loop. In some other cases, MKP-DUSPs regulate the activity of MAPKs indirectly, acting through upstream MAPK pathways components. The active involvement of MKP-DUSPs in oncogenesis or resistance to cancer therapies is now well documented, making the search and validation of MKP-DUSPs inhibitors a prominent area in clinical cancer research. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of MKP-DUSPs in human cancer, the status of the preclinical development and validation of specific MKP-DUSP inhibitors, and the potential of MKP-DUSPs as targets for anti-cancer drugs.
Electrochemical studies on zirconium and its biocompatible alloys Ti‐50Zr at.% and Zr‐2.5Nb wt.% in simulated physiologic media (2005)

Different electrochemical studies were carried out for Zr and its biocompatible alloys Ti-50Zr at.% and Zr-2.5Nb wt.% in solutions simulating physiologic media, Ringer and PBS (phosphate buffered saline) solutions. The results from rest-potential measurements showed that the three materials are spontaneously passivated in both solutions and that the Ti-50Zr alloy has the greatest tendency for spontaneous oxide formation. Some corrosion parameters (such as the pitting and repassivation potentials) were obtained via cyclic voltammetry in both solutions, revealing that the Ti-50Zr has the best corrosion protection while Zr has the worst. On the other hand, the pre-anodization (up to 8 V vs. SCE) of the alloys in a 0.15 mol/L Na2SO4 solution led to a significant improvement in their protection against pitting corrosion when exposed to the Ringer solution. Elemental analyses by EDX showed that during pitting corrosion, there is no preferential corrosion of any of the alloying elements (Zr, Ti, Nb).
Chloroperoxidase-catalyzed asymmetric oxidations: substrate specificity and mechanistic study. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChloroperoxidase-catalyzed asymmetric oxidations: substrate specificity and mechanistic study.Aleksey Zaks and David R. DoddsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 42, 10419–10424Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00147a001Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1509Altmetric-Citations218LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (681 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of epitopes of human secretory component on free secretory component, secretory IgA, and membrane-associated secretory component. (1984)

We have compared the epitopes present in various forms of human secretory component by using a panel of hybridoma-derived antibodies elicited by immunizing mice with free secretory component (FSC) or secretory IgA (sIgA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent binding assays (ELISA) were used to assess antibody binding to FSC- and SC-containing antigens, including sIgA isolated from milk, reduced and alkylated sIgA, and sIgA assembled in vitro by incubating dimeric IgA with FSC. Immunofluorescence assays were also used to assess binding to a human epithelial tumor cell line (HT29) that expresses secretory component as an integral protein of the plasma membrane. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) Most antibodies from fusions in which sIgA was the immunizing antigen bound preferentially to sIgA. 2) Most antibodies from fusions in which FSC was the immunizing antigen bound preferentially to FSC. 3) Antibodies that bound preferentially to sIgA invariably bound sIgA assembled in vitro; antibodies that bound preferentially to FSC invariably did not. 4) Antibodies that bound readily to both sIgA and FSC were rare in all fusions. 5) The monoclonal antibodies defined at least six classes of epitopes on SC, including epitopes that were a) FSC specific and reduction sensitive, b) FSC specific and reduction insensitive, c) sIgA specific and reduction-sensitive, d) sIgA specific and reduction insensitive, e) shared by FSC and sIgA and reduction-sensitive, and f) shared by FSC and sIgA and reduction-insensitive. 6) Antibodies that mediated intense immunofluorescent staining of secretory component on HT29 cell membranes were rare and constituted a distinct subset of those which recognized epitopes shared by FSC, reduced and alkylated sIgA, and some preparations of native sIgA. Results of these antibody-binding studies indicate that most SC epitopes are not shared by FSC and sIgA. Most SC-related epitopes on sIgA appear to be generated by the physical interaction of SC with dimeric IgA, whereas most epitopes on FSC are masked or altered by this interaction. Finally, epitopes that are shared by membrane SC and FSC and/or sIgA represent a minor and immunochemically distinct subset of epitopes on SC. The high proportion of unique epitopes on the different physical forms of SC suggest that the epitopes of this molecule are highly sensitive to its molecular environment. The monoclonal reagents described here will be useful in studying the structure and function of SC; quantitating FSC, sIgA, and membrane SC; purifying various molecular forms of SC by immunoaffinity chromatography; and localizing SC in human tissues and cultured cells by immunocytochemical techniques.
Effects of 4‐Aminopyridine on Cardiac Repolarization, PR Interval, and Heart Rate in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury (2003)

During the 1-month period that 4-AP was administered, the heart rate and PR, QT, and QTc intervals all remained unchanged and stayed well within normal range in comparison to literature-derived control values. 4-Aminopyridine does not appear to influence the length of cardiac time intervals or heart rate and, hence, is unlikely to cause potentially life-threatening ventricular dysrrhythmias when administered long-term and taken orally in dosages of up to 30 mg/day. Specifically, cardiac repolarization (QTc interval) is unaffected in patients with SCI who continuously receive 4-AP for up to 1 month.
Comparison of 2D/3D Features and Their Adaptive Score Level Fusion for 3D Face Recognition (2015)

3D face has been introduced in the literature to deal with the unsolved issues of 2D face recognition, namely lighting and pose variations. In this paper, we study and compare the distinctiveness of features extracted from both the reg-istered 2D face images and 3D face models. Sparse Repre-sentation Classifier (SRC) is exploited to calculate all sim-ilarity measures which are compared with the ones by a baseline of Nearest Neighbor (NN). As individual features of 2D and 3D are far from distinctive for discriminating human faces, we further present an adaptive score level fu-sion strategy for multimodal 2D-3D face recognition. The novel fusion strategy consists of an offline and an online weight learning process, both of which automatically select the most relevant weights of all the scores for each probe face in each modality. The weights calculated offline are based on the EER value of each type of features, while the online ones are dynamically obtained according to match-ing scores. Both types of weights are then fused to gen-erate a final weight. Tested on the complete FRGC v2.0 dataset, the best rank-one recognition rate using only 3D or 2D features is 79.72 % and 77.89%, respectively; while the new proposed adaptive fusion strategy achieves 95.48% with a 97.03 % verification rate at 0.001 FAR, highlighting the benefit of exploring both 3D and 2D clues as well as the effectiveness of our adaptive fusion strategy. 1.