gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards improvements on the quality of service for multi-tenant RDBMS in the cloud (2014)

Cloud computing is a trend of technology aimed at providing on-demand services with payment based on usage. To improve the use of resources, cloud providers adopt multi-tenant approaches, reducing the operation cost of services. Moreover, tenants have irregular workload patterns, impacting in the guarantees of quality of service, mainly due to interference between tenants. This paper proposes an approach to improve quality of service for multi-tenant RDBMS. This approach employs migration techniques of tenants, system monitoring, allocation strategy, forecast approach, and benefits of cloud infrastructure to improve performance and reduce provider cost. We carried out experiments on performance and resource usage in order to evaluate it.
Lithography simulation for the fabrication of silicon photonic devices with deep-ultraviolet lithography (2012)

We demonstrate the lithography simulation for the fabrication of silicon photonic devices using deep-ultraviolet lithography. Once the distortions arising from the fabrication process are accounted for, the comparison between predicted and measured results is excellent.
Synthesis, characterization, and emulsion polymerization of polymerizable coumarin derivatives (2004)

Abstract We describe the synthesis of a new polymerizable coumarin derivative, [6‐(β‐acryloxyethoxy)‐7‐isopropoxy‐4‐methyl coumarin ( 3 )], whose UV absorption spectrum significantly overlaps the emission spectrum of 9‐alkyl phenanthrene chromophore. This dye can serve several purposes in latex films. It can be a tracer for fluorescence microscopy experiments, or it can act as a donor or acceptor dye in nonradiative energy transfer experiments. Here we emphasize its role as an energy transfer acceptor in experiments with phenanthrene as the corresponding donor. Coumarin‐labeled poly(butyl methacrylate) latex dispersions could be synthesized by conventional batch emulsion polymerization with complete monomer conversion, complete dye incorporation, and uniform dye distribution. Attempts to extend this reaction to poly(vinyl acetate) copolymers failed because the dye inhibited monomer conversion. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3479–3489, 2004
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of underivatized and permethylated gangliosides (1992)

Underivatized and permethylated gangliosides have been studied by the matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALO) ionization technique. The samples investigated included commercially available and highly purified gangliosides from the human brain containing up to five sialic acid residues. Several permethylated gangliosides have also been studied, and MALD has proven successful in analyzing multicomponent mixtures of glycolipids with different fatty acyl residues. During the studies a variety of matrix and wavelength combinations have been tested in both the positive and negative ion modes. The best results have been obtained with the matrices 2,5-dihyd roxybenzoic acid, 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, and 6-aza-2-thiothymine. Negative ion mass spectra of the underivatized gangliosides have always been of better quality than the positive ion mass spectra; exhibiting better signal-to-noise ratio, better resolution, less fragmentation, and less adduct formation with Na(+) and K(+). With increasing number of sialic acid substituents the molecular ion region became less and less resolvable leading to broadened peaks even in the negative ion mode. Fragmentation could frequently be observed in the negative ion mode, and it was pronounced in the positive ion mode. The major fragmentation pathways corresponded to loss of sialyl groupts) and to decarboxylation of one of the sialyl residues. For underivatized gangliosides the typical sample amount used was 10-20 pmol, Permethylation led to a significant improvement in sensitivity (two orders of magnitude); the detection limit of permethylated gangliosides was about 10 fmol. The higher stability of the permethylated compounds was indicated by the fact that positive ion mass spectra exhibited only a marginal extent of fragmentation.
Assessment of Bone Marrow Microvessel Density in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2010)

MVD assessment using anti-CD34 resulted in higher MVD counts than when using anti-vWF antibody. However, no MVD differences were detected between CLL subgroups subdivided according to the above-mentioned prognostic factors except CD38 expression and genetic abnormalities.
High-energy SBS pulse compression (1994)

An efficient two-cell stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) pulse-compressor design that can be scaled to large laser-pulse energies is described and a numerical model has been developed that accurately predicts the performance of this pulse-compressor system over a wide range of operating parameters. The compression of a 2.5 J input pulse from a width of 15.8 to 1.7 ns is experimentally demonstrated with 80 percent energy efficiency. A design of an SBS pulse compressor to compress a 25 J pulse to a pulse width less than 1 ns with 80 percent energy efficiency is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and Evaluation of Nitroheterocyclic Carbamate Prodrugs for Use with Nitroreductase-Mediated Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (2003)

A variety of nitroheterocyclic carbamate prodrugs of phenylenediamine mustard and 5-amino-1-(chloromethyl)-3-[(5,6,7-trimethoxyindol-2-yl)carbonyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-benz[e]indoline (amino-seco-CBI-TMI), covering a wide range of reduction potential, were prepared and evaluated for use in gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) using a two-electron nitroreductase (NTR) from Escherichia coli B. The carbamate prodrugs and corresponding amine effectors were tested in a cell line panel comprising parental and NTR-transfected human (SKOV3/SKOV3-NTR(neo), WiDr/WiDr-NTR(neo)), Chinese hamster (V79(puro)/V79-NTR(puro)), and murine (EMT6/EMT6-NTR(puro)) cell line pairs and were compared with the established NTR substrates CB1954 (an aziridinyl dinitrobenzamide) and the analogous dibromomustard. The 1-methyl-2-nitroimidazol-5-ylmethyl carbamate of phenylenediamine mustard was metabolized rapidly by EMT6-NTR(neo) but not EMT6 cells, demonstrating that it is an efficient substrates for NTR. Despite this, the carbamates of phenylenediamine mustards show relatively low differential cytotoxicity for NTR+ve cells in IC(50) assays, apparently because they retain sufficient alkylating reactivity that most of the prodrug reacts with nucleophiles during the drug exposure period. In contrast, the corresponding amino-seco-CBI-TMI prodrugs were less efficient NTR substrates but had greater chemical stability, were more potent, and showed substantial NTR-ve/NTR+ve ratios in the cell line panel, with ratios of 15-100-fold for the 1-methyl-2-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl and 1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl carbamates of amino-seco-CBI-TMI. The activity of these two prodrugs was evaluated against NTR-expressing EMT6 tumors comprising ca. 10% NTR+ve cells. Small but not statistically significant killing of NTR+ve cells was observed, with no effect against NTR-ve target cells. The lack of activity against NTR+ve cells in tumors, despite potent and selective activity in culture, indicates that pharmacokinetic optimization will be required if in vivo efficacy against solid tumors is to be achieved with this new class of NTR prodrugs.
LCD display energy reduction by user monitoring (2006)

This paper introduces a new method to save energy of computer display. Unlike existing power management schemes, which link the display operation to a key press or movement of the mouse, we employ a video camera to bind the display power state to the actual user's attention. The proposed method keeps display active only if its user looks at the screen. When the user detracts his/her attention from the screen, the method dims the display down or even switches it off to save energy. Experiments show that the method can reduce the display energy significantly in environments which frequently detract the display viewer.
Implementation and validation of a power-efficient, high-speed modulation design for wireless oxygen saturation measurement systems (2003)

This paper describes the implementation and initial validation results of a novel power-efficient, high-speed modulation design for wearable oxygen saturation sensor systems. The research presented is in conjunction with the development of continuous photo plethysmographic health monitoring device known as the Ring Sensor. It is demonstrated that a high LED modulation rate coupled with a low duty cycle significantly reduce LED power consumption. Additionally, initial benchmarking results using a Nellcor N-395 pulse oximeter indicate good agreement with the new design for both heart rate and oxygen saturation measurements.
Experimental data for two different alternator configurations in a solar Brayton power system (2002)

A solar dynamic (SD) space power system has been under test at the NASA Lewis Research Center since 1994. The SD Ground Test Demonstration (GTD) system includes a solar concentrator, heat receiver with thermal energy storage, Brayton power conversion unit and radiator installed in a thermal-vacuum chamber with a solar simulator. The Brayton unit has been operated with two different turboalternator-compressor (TAC) assemblies, one which included a Rice-Lundell alternator and another which incorporated a permanent magnet (PM) alternator. The Rice alternator was part of the mini-Brayton rotating unit, designed and built during the 1970's and refurbished for the GTD. The PM TAC was a development unit from the Joint US/Russian SD Flight Project. This paper highlights the operational differences (and similarities) between the Rice and PM TAC configurations including a comparative evaluation of startup characteristics and operating performance. The two alternator configurations were tested under similar thermal conditions, as an interchangeable component within the SD system. The electrical characteristics of the two units, however, dictated the use of significantly different power conditioning and control strategies. The electrical control architectures are described and compared. Test data are presented on TAC startup and system operating performance for both configurations.
Purification, Cloning, and Expression of the Prolactin Receptor1 (1989)

The rat liver prolactin receptor has been purified to homogeneity, and partial amino acid sequences have been obtained. The structure of the receptor has been deduced from a single complementary DNA clone. The mature protein of 291 amino acids has a relatively long extracellular region, a single transmembrane segment, and a short (57 amino acids) cytoplasmic domain. With the rat cDNA used as a probe, the prolactin receptor in rabbit mammary gland and human hepatoma cells has also been isolated. These tissues contain a second, longer form of the receptor (592 and 598 amino acids, respectively). Both the short and long forms of the prolactin receptor show regions of strong sequence identity with the human and rabbit growth hormone receptors, suggesting that the prolactin and growth hormone receptors originate from a common ancestor.
Wide-range, low-operating-voltage, bimorph STM: Application as potentiometer (1986)

An STM is described which operates at voltages ≤120 V. Its 3D scanner offers a wide range of displacements, has low drift and hysteresis, and exhibits good resolution. These features make it interesting for technical applications. In addition, its use as a potentiometer is described.
Monitoring Neural Activity and [Ca<sup>2+</sup>] with Genetically Encoded Ca<sup>2+</sup>Indicators (2004)

Genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) based on fluorescent proteins (XFPs) and Ca2+-binding proteins [like calmodulin (CaM)] have great potential for the study of subcellular Ca2+ signaling and for monitoring activity in populations of neurons. However, interpreting GECI fluorescence in terms of neural activity and cytoplasmic-free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) is complicated by the nonlinear interactions between Ca2+ binding and GECI fluorescence. We have characterized GECIs in pyramidal neurons in cultured hippocampal brain slices, focusing on indicators based on circularly permuted XFPs [GCaMP (Nakai et al., 2001), Camgaroo2 (Griesbeck et al., 2001), and Inverse Pericam (Nagai et al., 2001)]. Measurements of fluorescence changes evoked by trains of action potentials revealed that GECIs have little sensitivity at low action potential frequencies compared with synthetic [Ca2+] indicators with similar affinities for Ca2+. The sensitivity of GECIs improved for high-frequency trains of action potentials, indicating that GECIs are supralinear indicators of neural activity. Simultaneous measurement of GECI fluorescence and [Ca2+] revealed supralinear relationships. We compared GECI fluorescence saturation with CaM Ca2+-dependent structural transitions. Our data suggest that GCaMP and Camgaroo2 report CaM structural transitions in the presence and absence of CaM-binding peptide, respectively.
A Novel Role of Vasopressin in the Brain: Modulation of Activity-Dependent Water Flux in the Neocortex (2001)

The brain contains an intrinsic vasopressin fiber system the function of which is unknown. It has been demonstrated recently that astrocytes express high levels of a water channel, aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Because vasopressin is known to regulate aquaporin expression and translocation in kidney collecting ducts and thereby control water reabsorption, we hypothesized that vasopressin might serve a similar function in the brain. By recording intrinsic optical signals in an acute cortical slice preparation we showed that evoked neuronal activity generates a radial water flux in the neocortex. The rapid onset and high capacity of this flux suggest that it is mediated through the AQP4-containing astrocytic syncytium that spans the entire thickness of the neocortical mantle. Vasopressin and vasopressin receptor V1a agonists were found to facilitate this flux. V1a antagonists blocked the facilitatory effect of vasopressin and reduced the water flux even in the absence of any exogenous agonist. V2 agonists or antagonists had no effect. These data suggest that vasopressin and V1a receptors play a crucial role in the regulation of brain water and ion homeostasis, most probably by modulating aquaporin-mediated water flux through astrocyte plasma membranes.
Complex Regulation of Tau Exon 10, Whose Missplicing Causes Frontotemporal Dementia (2000)

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein whose transcript undergoes complex regulated splicing in the mammalian nervous system. Exon 10 of the gene is an alternatively spliced cassette that is adult-specific and that codes for a microtubule binding domain. Recently, mutations that affect splicing of exon 10 have been shown to cause inherited frontotemporal dementia (FTDP). In this study, we establish the endogenous expression patterns of exon 10 in human tissue; by reconstituting naturally occurring FTDP mutants in the homologous context of exon 10, we show that the cis determinants of exon 10 splicing regulation include an exonic silencer within the exon, its 5' splice site, and the relative affinities of its flanking exons to it. By cotransfections in vivo, we demonstrate that several splicing regulators affect the ratio of tau isoforms by inhibiting exon 10 inclusion.
Two Broviac catheters for intensive long term support of patients with cancer. (1984)

Two Broviac catheters were placed simultaneously in 93 patients who required prolonged intravenous support while receiving chemotherapy or a bone marrow transplant. The technique involved two venotomies in a single vein and was performed under local anesthesia in the operating room. Pancytopenia was not considered a contraindication. Blood sampling and intensive treatment with blood products, chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition and multiple antibiotics were facilitated by these durable, well-tolerated Silastic catheters. Patients were taught to care for them following discharge, and the majority of catheters were used for outpatient treatment. The few complications encountered were compensated for by the convenience and safety of the double Broviac method. The danger of chemotherapy extravasation was completely obviated, as were the complications of repeated central line insertion, and the anxiety and pain associated with multiple unsuccessful attempts at venipuncture. Because of the enthusiastic acceptance of long term Silastic catheters by patients and nursing staff, we regard this technique was a step forward in solving the problem of difficult vascular access in cancer patients.
Information Entropy Based Clustering Method for Unsupervised Internet Traffic Classification (2008)

In this paper, we develop an unsupervised machine learning method for network traffic classification. First, the traffic flows from active hosts are separated into different clusters by sequentially applying the information entropy techniques. The clusters are then classified into broad-based application types by examining the parameters of the clusters, as well as the dynamic properties of the clusters during the clustering process. Experiment results from a campus backbone environment are presented, where the network traffic flows from the top 20 active hosts are identified. The results showed that the identification accuracy is approximately 93.81%. This compares to prior works using unsupervised machine learning methods, where the classification accuracy is generally lower, with the highest being 86.5%. We also show that our method can be combined with supervised learning method to further improve the classification accuracy and perform automatic training on the classification engine.
Overview of Land Use Transport Models (2004)

The previous chapters in this handbook have shown that spatial development, or land use, determines the need for spatial interaction, or transport, but that transport, by the accessibility it provides, also determines spatial development. However, it is difficult to empirically isolate impacts of land use on transport and vice versa because of the magnitude of concurrent changes of other factors. This poses a problem if the likely impacts of integrated land use and transport policies to reduce the demand for travel are to be predicted. There are principally three methods to predict those impacts. The first is to ask people how they would change their location and mobility behavior if certain factors, such as land use regulations or transport costs, would change (“stated preference”). The second consists of drawing conclusions from observed decision behavior of people under different conditions on how they would be like to behave if these factors would change (“revealed preference”). The third method is to simulate human decision behavior in mathematical models. This chapter reviews recent developments in the field of operational integrated land use transport modes, with special emphasis on their ability to test both land use and transport policies and to assess their impacts.
AHR-16303B, a Novel Antagonist of 5-HT2 Receptors and Voltage-Sensitive Calcium Channels (1991)

In vivo and in vitro methods were used to characterize AHR-16303B, a novel compound with antagonistic action at 5-HT2 receptors and voltage-sensitive calcium channels. The 5-HT2 receptor-antagonistic properties of AHR-16303B were demonstrated by inhibition of (a) [3H]ketanserin binding to rat cerebral cortical membranes (IC50 = 165 nM); (b) 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced foot edema in rats (minimum effective dose, (MED) = 0.32 mg/kg orally, p.o.); (c) 5-HT-induced vasopressor responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (ID50 = 0.18 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.), 1.8 mg/kg p.o.), (d) 5-HT-induced antidiuresis in rats (MED = 1 mg/kg p.o.), and (e) platelet aggregation induced by 5-HT + ADP (IC50 = 1.5 mM). The calcium antagonist properties of AHR-16303B were demonstrated by inhibition of (a) [3H]nimodipine binding to voltage-sensitive calcium channels on rabbit skeletal muscle membranes (IC50 = 15 nM), (b) KCl-stimulated calcium flux into cultured PC12 cells (IC50 = 81 nM), and (c) CaCl2-induced contractions of rabbit thoracic aortic strips (pA2 = 8.84). AHR-16303B had little or no effect on binding of radioligands to dopamine2 (DA2) alpha 1, alpha 2, H1, 5-HT1 alpha, beta 2, muscarinic M1, or sigma opioid receptors; had no effect on 5-HT3 receptor-mediated vagal bradycardia; and had only minor negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects on isolated guinea pig atria. In conscious SHR, 30 mg/kg p.o. AHR-16303B completely prevented the vasopressor responses to i.v. 5-HT, and decreased blood pressure (BP) by 24% 3 h after dosing.
Strained small rings in gold-catalyzed rapid chemical transformations (2011)

Gold-catalyzed reactions, which have been widely explored over the past several years, are powerful tools in organic synthesis to access complex molecular frameworks, and some corresponding excellent reviews have been reported. However, little attention has been paid to summarize the reactions of strained small-ring-containing molecules catalyzed by gold. This critical review mainly puts its emphasis on the recent progress in the field of gold-catalyzed transformations of cyclopropyl-, cyclopropenyl-, epoxy- and aziridinyl-containing molecules. The rapid construction of interesting building blocks in organic synthesis from strained small rings catalyzed by gold has been summarized in this review (106 references).
Function Basis for Mechatronic System Design (2011)

A new function-oriented theoretical basis for mechatronic system design is presented in the paper, with a technology-independent functional description of such aspects in a mechatronic system as 1) relations and distinctions among purpose function, transformation function and state transition and 2) structure of information processing. All discussions are summarized in a set of principles, which consequently form the basis for devising design models and methods for mechatronic systems.
Analysis of Normal Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness by Age, Sex, and Race Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2012)

The thickest RNFL measurements were found in the inferior quadrant, followed by the superior, nasal, and temporal quadrants (ISNT rule applied to the RNFL). Thinner RNFL measurements were associated with older age and increasing myopia. Caucasians tend to have thinner RNFL values when compared with Hispanics and Asians. SD-OCT analysis of the normal RNFL showed results similar to time domain OCT studies.
Tendon grafting with glutaraldehyde fixed material (1976)

An evaluation of 0.2% buffered glutaraldehyde fixed tendon as a potential tendon replacement prosthesis was evaluated in rabbit and chicken models. In vivo implantations were done to determine compatability, function, and strength of grafts. Autogenous fresh grafts were used as controls in the strength evaluations. The fixed tendon elicits no cellular rejection response, is invaded and replaced by host tissues, and anastomosis strength in tension compares favorably to a fresh autogenous control. These preliminary evaluations indicate a useful potential for this fixed biomaterial as a tendon prosthesis.