gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyelectrolyte multilayer films for ion separation and water purification (2010)

POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYER FILMS FOR ION SEPARATION AND WATER PURIFICATION By Maneesha Adusumilli Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films formed by layer by layer (LbL) adsorption of polycations and polyanions are attractive as the skins of separation membranes because of their simple deposition, minimal thickness, and wide range of transport properties. Variation of the polyelectrolyte type as well as deposition parameters such as supporting electrolyte concentration, polyelectrolyte concentration, duration and temperature of adsorption allow tailoring of films for specific separations. This dissertation examines the effect of ion-exchange sites in PEM films on ion separations as well as removal of model organic pollutants by PEM membranes. The properties of poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS)/ poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) films vary dramatically with the number of polyelectrolyte layers deposited. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy shows that coatings with 7 bilayers exhibit an ion-exchange capacity of about 0.5 moles per L of film. For Si-supported PSS/PDADMAC films terminated with PSS, zeta (ζ) potentials change from negative to positive as the number of adsorbed bilayers increases. These changes in film properties dramatically affect ion transport through (PSS/PDADMAC)nPSS-coated alumina membranes. The Cl /SO4 2selectivities of these membranes are >30 with (PSS/PDADMAC)4PSS films but only 3 with (PSS/PDADMAC)6PSS films. Trends in ζ potentials and selectivities with increasing numbers of bilayers are consistent with the exponential growth mechanism where a polycation adsorbs throughout the film to create large numbers of anion-exchange sites, and during polyanion deposition some of the polycation diffuses to the surface of the film to complex with polyanions from solution. Polycation that is not electrically compensated by the polyanion affords anionexchange sites, and the presence of this fixed positive charge yields decreased Cl /SO4 2-
Effect of Anionic Surfactants with Different Structure on the Fluorescent Properties of the CPPO-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Rhodamine B System (2010)

The effect of anionic surfactants on the chemiluminescence (CL) properties of CPPO- H2O2-Rhodamine B system was researched, and the maximum fluorescent intensity of every system was found at the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of corresponding surfactant. The reduced vibration of Rhodamine B molecules induced by the combination of micelle was offered to explain the positive effect of anionic surfactants. Moreover, the structure of anionic surfactant was found to be relative to the enhanced fluorescent intensity, and the hydrophobic group’s structure and stereospecific blockade were considered as two main factors to the sensitization ability of anionic surfactant on CL.
Adaptation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> to Ethanol on the Level of Membrane Fatty Acid Composition (2005)

In a recent paper, Chiou et al. ([1][1]) described ethanol-mediated changes in the fatty acid composition of two different strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Surprisingly, although the original literature was cited, the fatty acid composition of the bacteria shown in Table 2 of this paper is
Discriminative spoken language understanding using word confusion networks (2012)

Current commercial dialogue systems typically use hand-crafted grammars for Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) operating on the top one or two hypotheses output by the speech recogniser. These systems are expensive to develop and they suffer from significant degradation in performance when faced with recognition errors. This paper presents a robust method for SLU based on features extracted from the full posterior distribution of recognition hypotheses encoded in the form of word confusion networks. Following [1], the system uses SVM classifiers operating on n-gram features, trained on unaligned input/output pairs. Performance is evaluated on both an off-line corpus and on-line in a live user trial. It is shown that a statistical discriminative approach to SLU operating on the full posterior ASR output distribution can substantially improve performance both in terms of accuracy and overall dialogue reward. Furthermore, additional gains can be obtained by incorporating features from the previous system output.
RISK ASSESSMENT: TOOLS FOR REDUCING LIABILITY FROM UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (1989)

ABSTRACT Although regulations are being implemented at federal, state, and local levels, many major oil companies have decided to do even more than is required by law to prevent leaks from underground storage tanks (USTs). On the other hand, regulatory agencies directing cleanup of contaminated sites may demand restoration that goes beyond reasonable concerns for protection of public health and the environment. These cross-currents indicate that simply complying with applicable codes and regulations may not be an adequate strategy for cost-effectively reducing the risks of handling light refined products. To control risks, it is important first to understand them. Risk assessment is useful before a leak occurs as well as after. Before the leak occurs, risk assessment requires estimates of the probability of release as well as the likely consequences (damages). Techniques are presented that can be useful to managers of a large number of tanks or insurance underwriters to assess risks and prioritize risk reduction measures. Ultimately, these procedures could be used to determine an appropriate budget for tank upgrade programs. After a leak, and armed with detailed site assessment data, relatively precise estimates of toxic risks are possible. More realistic risk estimates are possible for refined petroleum product losses than are possible at many hazardous waste sites because of the relatively homogeneous and predictable properties of refined products. Field-verified predictive techniques that can be used to support defensible risk estimates are reviewed. Cost-effective strategies for collecting data required to support risk assessment and remediation of contaminated sites are stressed. Risks can be mitigated to generally acceptable levels at some sites even if contamination substantially exceeds federal maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). At other sites, remediation to lower levels would be advisable.
A putative serine protease, SpSsp1, from Saprolegnia parasitica is recognised by sera of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (2014)

Saprolegniosis, the disease caused by Saprolegnia sp., results in considerable economic losses in aquaculture. Current control methods are inadequate, as they are either largely ineffective or present environmental and fish health concerns. Vaccination of fish presents an attractive alternative to these control methods. Therefore we set out to identify suitable antigens that could help generate a fish vaccine against Saprolegnia parasitica. Unexpectedly, antibodies against S. parasitica were found in serum from healthy rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The antibodies detected a single band in secreted proteins that were run on a one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel, which corresponded to two protein spots on a two-dimensional gel. The proteins were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Mascot and bioinformatic analysis resulted in the identification of a single secreted protein, SpSsp1, of 481 amino acid residues, containing a subtilisin domain. Expression analysis demonstrated that SpSsp1 is highly expressed in all tested mycelial stages of S. parasitica. Investigation of other non-infected trout from several fish farms in the United Kingdom showed similar activity in their sera towards SpSsp1. Several fish that had no visible saprolegniosis showed an antibody response towards SpSsp1 suggesting that SpSsp1 might be a useful candidate for future vaccination trial experiments.
Analysis of the operational characteristics of a high-Tc superconducting power supply with the Bi-2223 pancake load (2001)

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a high-Tc superconducting (HTSC) power supply with the Bi-2223 pancake load, as well as its characteristics as determined through experiments. HTSC power supply consists of two heaters, an electromagnet, a Bi-2223 solenoid, and a Bi-2223 pancake load. In this experiment, a 331-mH electromagnet and 0.8-A dc heater current were used, and 8.5 and 17 s were used for pumping periods, respectively. Mechanism of the superconducting switch is used for heater-trigger. In order to measure the pumping-current with respect to the magnet flux changes, a hall sensor was installed at the center of the Bi-2223 pancake load. The experimental observations have been compared with the theoretical predictions. In this experiment, the pumping-current has reached about 0.6 A with 0.01-V electromagnet voltage.
The constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. XII. Isolation and structure of a new lignan, gomisin R, the absolute structure of wuweizisu C and isolation of schisantherin D. (1982)

A new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, gomisin R (4), was isolated from the fruits of Schizandra chinensis BAILL. (Schizandraceae) together with wuweizisu C (1)2) and schisantherin D (12).3) The absolute structure of 1, the relative structure of which has been elucidated by Liu et al., was defined by chemical correlation with dimethylgomisin J (2). The absolute structure of 4 was determined by spectral studies and chemical correlation with 1.
The HWIM speech understanding system (2005)

HWIM, the speech understanding system developed at BBN as part of the recent five-year ARPA Speech Understanding Research Project, is designed to "understand" naturally spoken utterances relevant to a task domain of travel budget management. Its vocabulary is over 1000 words, and its grammar permits a relatively habitable subset of natural English. HWIM contains sources of knowledge at the levels of acoustic-phonetics, phonology, vocabulary, syntax, semantics, factual knowledge, and discourse. This paper describes the system as a whole and presents its performance results at the end of the project.
Wearable Sensor Data to Track Subject-Specific Movement Patterns Related to Clinical Outcomes Using a Machine Learning Approach (2018)

Wearable sensors can provide detailed information on human movement but the clinical impact of this information remains limited. We propose a machine learning approach, using wearable sensor data, to identify subject-specific changes in gait patterns related to improvements in clinical outcomes. Eight patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) completed two gait trials before and one following an exercise intervention. Wearable sensor data (e.g., 3-dimensional (3D) linear accelerations) were collected from a sensor located near the lower back, lateral thigh and lateral shank during level treadmill walking at a preferred speed. Wearable sensor data from the 2 pre-intervention gait trials were used to define each individual's typical movement pattern using a one-class support vector machine (OCSVM). The percentage of strides defined as outliers, based on the pre-intervention gait data and the OCSVM, were used to define the overall change in an individual's movement pattern. The correlation between the change in movement patterns following the intervention (i.e., percentage of outliers) and improvement in self-reported clinical outcomes (e.g., pain and function) was assessed using a Spearman rank correlation. The number of outliers observed post-intervention exhibited a large association (ρ = 0.78) with improvements in self-reported clinical outcomes. These findings demonstrate a proof-of-concept and a novel methodological approach for integrating machine learning and wearable sensor data. This approach provides an objective and evidence-informed way to understand clinically important changes in human movement patterns in response to exercise therapy.
Production of Ultrafiltered Skim Milk Retentate Powder. 1. Composition and Physical Properties (1993)

Raw skim milk retentate with 20% solids produced by UF was subjected to different heat treatments and pH adjustments prior to spray-drying. The heat treatments were 65 degrees C for 30 min, 75 degrees C for 28 s, and 85 degrees C for 28 s. pH was adjusted to 6.4, 6.7, and 7.0. Retentate powders were analyzed for moisture, protein, lactose, fat, ash, titratable acidity, and pH. Physical property determinations included solubility index, dispersibility, viscosity, scorched particles, poured density, packed density, and water absorption isotherm. No interaction effects of heat treatment and pH adjustment were observed. pH adjustments affected ash content and solution viscosity. Heat treatment affected solubility and poured density. pH adjustments and heat treatment had only minor effects on the measured properties.
High efficiency MJ solar cells and TPV using SiGeSn materials (2012)

We report on the design and efficiency of using the new material system GeSn and SiGeSn for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) and multi-junction (MJ) solar cells. With the addition of SiGeSn alloy to the current MJ design proposed by EMCORE, bandgap energy tuned layers can be monolithically deposited creating a Group IV based, fourjunction solar cell capable of a maximum high efficiency of 47% under AM0 conditions. We also propose the use of GeSn as a compatible relaxed film and active layer for a SiGeSn based TPV.
Lanthanide–Platinum Intermetallic Compounds as Anode Electrocatalysts for Direct Ethanol PEM Fuel Cells (2006)

The electrochemical stability and electrocatalytic performance in ethanol oxidation of a new class of anode electrocatalysts is presented. Nanopowders of the Laves-phase intermetallic compounds were utilized to exploit the strong oxidizing power of tetravalent lanthanides in an anode electrocatalyst. These nanopowders are stable in the environment of the anode of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Steady-state polarization curves in an operating PEM fuel cell demonstrate that the new electrocatalysts are active toward the electro-oxidation of ethanol. The new electrocatalysts exhibited ca. more overpotential than PtRu at a given current density based on the total electrocatalyst surface area in the anode, but this may be due to issues with particle size and electrode structure. Analysis of the anode effluent with on-line gas chromatography showed that two-electron electro-oxidation to acetaldehyde was the main reaction pathway at potentials of interest and implied that ethanol adsorbs without C–C bond cleavage through the oxygen in the hydroxyl group.
Cloning and characterization of a DNA gyrase A gene from Escherichia coli that confers clinical resistance to 4-quinolones (1989)

Nalidixic acid, enoxacin, and other antibacterial 4-quinolones inhibit DNA gyrase activity by interrupting DNA breakage and reunion by A subunits of the A2B2 gyrase complex. Despite their clinical importance, the mode of quinolone action and mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood at the molecular level. Using a DNA fragment enrichment procedure, we isolated the gyrA gene from a uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain that encodes a gyrase A protein cross-resistant to a variety of quinolones. When complemented with gyrase B subunit, the purified A protein reconstituted DNA supercoiling activity approximately 100-fold more resistant to inhibition by enoxacin than the susceptible enzyme and failed to mediate quinolone-dependent DNA cleavage. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the gene differed at 58 nucleotide positions compared with the K-12 gyrA sequence. The 875-amino-acid residue-resistant gyrase A protein differed at three positions from its wild-type E. coli K-12 counterpart: tryptophan, glutamate, and serine replaced serine, aspartate, and alanine residues at positions 83, 678, and 828, respectively. By genetic analysis of chimeric gyrA genes in a gyrA(Ts) background, we showed that the Ser-83----Trp mutation in the gyrase A protein was solely responsible for high-level bacterial resistance to nalidixic acid and fluoroquinolones.
The immunodeficient scid mouse as a model for human lymphatic filariasis. (1991)

The C.B.-17-scid/scid mouse (hereafter referred to as the scid mouse) is homozygous for a recessive mutation at a locus that influences the assembly of intact immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. Therefore, scid mice cannot generate functional B or T lymphocytes, are profoundly immunodeficient, and have been reported to be receptive to reconstitution with human immune cells. In the present study, we injected scid mice with infective larvae of the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi. Within 6-10 wk after subcutaneous injection of infective L3 larvae, both male and female worms were observed in various stages of development in 90% of the mice. In animals tested 8 weeks or more after infection, microfilariae were detected in the blood or peritoneal cavity of 52% of the mice examined. Adult worms were observed in the lymphatics of the infected scid mice, where their presence was associated with lymphangitis and lymphangiectasia. These results suggest that the scid mouse model of lymphatic filariasis may be important in investigation of the interaction of the murine, and possibly the human, immune system with the lymphatic filarial parasite.
Improved Shoot Organogenesis from Leaves of Grape (1990)

Adventitious shoots developed within 3 weeks from the petiolar stub and, less often, from wounded lamina tissues when leaves excised from nodal cultures of Vitis vinifera L. cvs . French Colombard and Thompson Seedless were cultured on solid Nitsch and Nitsch medium containing BAP at 2 mg·liter -1 . The youngest leaf that could be excised, from 1 to 8 mm long, was the most responsive (90% of explants producing shoots compared to 16% for leaf 6). Removal of the lamina from the petiolar stub within the first 3 weeks of culture reduced shoot production. Increase in nodal culture age, without transfer to fresh medium, had no effect on subsequent regeneration from the youngest leaves but did reduce the regeneration frequency of leaves at the next position from 43% to 20%. In regularly subculture nodal cultures, the number of transfers had no effect on subsequent regeneration. Leaves from recently established shoot tip cultures were more responsive than leaves from nodal cultures. The frequency of shoot production was higher in laterally bisected than intact leaves (70% vs. 43%) due to additional regeneration from the distal leaf half at the sites of severed veins. Shoot outgrowth was promoted by the isolation and subculture of regenerating tissue to fresh regeneration medium. Petiolar stub removal promoted de novo shoot organogenesis from the resulting lamina wound. Shoots rooted at a high frequency on Murashige and Skoog medium with 1 mg IA-A/liter and produced morphologically normal plants. Chemical names used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP); indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).
Locally regularized Anchored Neighborhood Regression for fast Super-Resolution (2015)

The goal of learning-based image Super-Resolution (SR) is to generate a plausible and visually pleasing High-Resolution (HR) image from a given Low-Resolution (LR) input. The problem is dramatically under-constrained, which relies on examples or some strong image priors to better reconstruct the missing HR image details. This paper addresses the problem of learning the mapping functions (i.e. projection matrices) between the LR and HR images based on a dictionary of LR and HR examples. One recently proposed method, Anchored Neighborhood Regression (ANR) [1], provides state-of-the-art quality performance and is very fast. In this paper, we propose an improved variant of ANR, namely Locally regularized Anchored Neighborhood Regression (LANR), which utilizes the locality-constrained regression in place of the ridge regression in ANR. LANR assigns different freedom for each neighbor dictionary atom according to its correlation to the input LR patch, thus the learned projection matrices are much more flexible. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs efficiently and effectively over state-of-the-art methods, e.g., 0.1–0.4 dB in term of PSNR better than ANR.
Implications for Differential Diagnosis of Lung Cancer–Associated Lymphadenopathy in Lymphoepithelioid Cell Lymphoma (Lennert’s Lymphoma) Arising Simultaneously with Lung Cancer (2010)

Detailed observation of lymphoid cells with FNAC is important even in patients with lung cancer and massive regional lymphadenopathy. Presence ofa teardrop nuclear shape and nuclear irregularities of lymphoid cells provides important information for cytologic diagnosis of LCL when epithelioid cell clusters are evident.
Observation of ferromagnetism above 900K in Cr–GaN and Cr–AlN (2004)

We report ferromagnetism at over 900K in Cr–GaN and Cr–AlN thin films. The magnetic properties vary as a function of Cr concentration with 60%, and 20%, of the Cr being magnetically active at 3% doping in GaN, and 7% in AlN, respectively. In the GaN sample with the highest magnetically active Cr (60%), channeling Rutherford backscattering indicates that over 70% of Cr impurities are located on substitutional sites. These results give indisputable evidence that substitutional Cr defects are involved in the magnetic behavior. While Cr–AlN is highly resistive, Cr–GaN exhibits properties characteristic of hopping conduction including T−1∕2 resistivity dependence and small Hall mobility (0.06cm2∕Vs). A large negative magnetoresistance is attributed to the influence of the magnetic field on the quantum interference between the many paths linking two hopping sites. The results strongly suggest that ferromagnetism in Cr–GaN and Cr–AlN can be attributed to the double exchange mechanism as a result of hopping between near-midgap substitutional Cr impurity bands.
Stabilization of constant-power loads by passive impedance damping (2010)

This paper addresses stability problems of power systems with actively controlled loads that exhibit constant-power behavior. Instability occurs in such systems due to the negative incremental resistance of the constant-power loads (CPL). Existing approaches to stabilizing such systems require modification of the source and/or the load control characteristics, or isolating the CPL from the rest of the system by additional active devices, which are difficult to implement and often conflict with other system requirements such as control bandwidth, size, weight, and cost. In this work, we propose passive damping as a general method to stabilize power systems with CPL. Using a representative system model consisting of a voltage source, an LC filter, and an ideal CPL, we demonstrate that a CPL system can always be stabilized by a simple passive damping circuit added to one of the filter elements, no matter how the original system behaves. Three different damping methods are considered and for each analytical models are developed to define their parameters required for stabilizing the system. The different damping methods are also compared in terms of their stabilization capabilities and impact on other system performances such as filter attenuation. Time- and frequency-domain measurements from an experimental system are presented to validate the proposed methods.