gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organ‐specific lymphangiectasia, arrested lymphatic sprouting, and maturation defects resulting from gene‐targeting of the PI3K regulatory isoforms p85α, p55α, and p50α (2009)

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family has multiple vascular functions, but the specific regulatory isoform supporting lymphangiogenesis remains unidentified. Here, we report that deletion of the Pik3r1 gene, encoding the regulatory subunits p85alpha, p55alpha, and p50alpha impairs lymphatic sprouting and maturation, and causes abnormal lymphatic morphology, without major impact on blood vessels. Pik3r1 deletion had the most severe consequences among gut and diaphragm lymphatics, which share the retroperitoneal anlage, initially suggesting that the Pik3r1 role in this vasculature is anlage-dependent. However, whereas lymphatic sprouting toward the diaphragm was arrested, lymphatics invaded the gut, where remodeling and valve formation were impaired. Thus, cell-origin fails to explain the phenotype. Only the gut showed lymphangiectasia, lymphatic up-regulation of the transforming growth factor-beta co-receptor endoglin, and reduced levels of mature vascular endothelial growth factor-C protein. Our data suggest that Pik3r1 isoforms are required for distinct steps of embryonic lymphangiogenesis in different organ microenvironments, whereas they are largely dispensable for hemangiogenesis.
1,2,3-Triazoles: Scaffold With Medicinal Significance (2014)

The oxytocin/oxytocin receptor (OT/OTR) system has been reported to influence a variety of physiological, behavioural, and emotional processes in humans. There are a wide range of studies focusing on their role in parturition, lactation and behaviour. More recent studies have investigated the novel effects of OT/OTR system including inflammation and miRNAs, as well as the effect of their genetic polymorphisms on the onset of labour and parturition. OT also appears to have a great influence in cardiomyocyte differentiation and heart homeostasis, and an age-specific regulation of muscle maintenance and regeneration. This review will summarize the previously established role of OT/OTR system as well as the studies on their novel roles, and highlight the potential therapeutic approaches.
Branchpoint selection in the splicing of U12-dependent introns in vitro (2002)

In metazoans, splicing of introns from pre-mRNAs can occur by two pathways: the major U2-dependent or the minor U12-dependent pathways. Whereas the U2-dependent pathway has been well characterized, much about the U12-dependent pathway remains to be discovered. Most of the information regarding U12-type introns has come from in vitro studies of a very few known introns of this class. To expand our understanding of U12-type splicing, especially to test the hypothesis that the simple base-pairing mechanism between the intron and U12 snRNA defines the branchpoint of U12-dependent introns, additional in vitro splicing substrates were created from three putative U12-type introns: the third intron of the Xenopus RPL1 a gene (XRP), the sixth intron of the Xenopus TFIIS.oA gene (XTF), and the first intron of the human Sm E gene (SME). In vitro splicing in HeLa nuclear extract confirmed U12-dependent splicing of each of these introns. Surprisingly, branchpoint mapping of the XRP splicing intermediate shows use of the upstream rather than the downstream of two consecutive adenosines within the branchpoint sequence (BPS), contrary to the prediction based on alignment with the sixth intron of human P120, a U12-dependent intron whose branch site was previously determined. Also, in the SME intron, the position of the branchpoint A residue within the region base paired with U12 differs from that in P120 and XTF. Analysis of these three additional introns therefore rules out simple models for branchpoint selection by the U12-type spliceosome.
Design of lion-battery storage management system with energy feedback (2012)

A lion-battery storage management system with energy feedback for LiFePO 4 batteries was designed in this paper. This system contains energy balance unit, state of battery detection and CAN bus transmission. The MCU STM32 controls all data acquired from batteries and the main loop current detection. Each balance module uses ATMage16 as core and achieves the balance purpose based on synchronous rectification with the half bridge converter. The experiment results show that the system has well balanced speed and stable communication ability.
Variety in Performance: A comparative Analysis of Recorded Performances of Bach's Sixth Suite for Solo Cello from 1961 to 1998 (2011)

There exists a commonly held belief amongst musicologists that there has been a -general globalisation of styles within recorded performances of the latter half of the twentieth century. For many, this is evidenced by an increased interaction between mainstream (MS) and historically informed performance (HIP) practices as well as a general decrease in the diversity of performances. Through a comparative aural and software-assisted analysis and measurement of performance features such as tempo, rhythmic flexibility, vibrato, portamento, bowing, and articulation in key interpretations of Bach's Suite No. 6 for Solo Cello recorded in between 1961 and 1998, this study investigates the relationship between MS and HIP performances in the latter half of the 20 th century. By limiting analyses to those performers who have made two recordings during the designated period (Tortelier, Starker, Bylsma, Ma, Wispelwey), it has been possible to identify overarching trends and individual differences. These have been examined with reference to their broader social and cultural context in order to test commonly held musicological assumptions about the modernist and postmodernist foundations of performances from this era. The results indicate that by the 1990s increased interaction between MS and HIP practices has resulted in a wider variety of differing performances and that this can be seen to be symptomatic of the postmodern condition that has become prevalent since the last decade of the 20 th century.
Filtering for protective relays (2002)

The authors identify filtering requirements or criteria for different relays. They limit the discussion to relays needing precise measurements of the system-frequency component of the signals, such as distance relays. Many different filtering methods which may meet the filtering requirements are conceived and reviewed. Filtering questions are answered through requirement-assessment, analysis, simulation and examples. CAL, cosine, Fourier, correlator, least-squares and Kalman filters are considered and compared. The differences between finite and infinite impulse response filters are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Modified Mannich Reaction Using 1.3-Dioxolane. (1994)

Mannich reaction of ketones using 1, 3-dioxolane instead of formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, or 1, 3, 5-trioxane afforded the corresponding Mannich bases in high yields. Under the same conditions the aminomethylation of aromatics did not proceed but the intramolecular aminomethylation, like a Pictet-Spengler type reaction, proceeded smoothly.
Heteroepitaxially Grown Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Membranes with Unprecedented Propylene/Propane Separation Performances (2015)

Propylene/propane separation is one of the most challenging separations, currently achieved by energy-intensive cryogenic distillation. Despite the great potential for energy-efficient membrane-based separations, no commercial membranes are currently available due to the limitations of current polymeric materials. Zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-8, with the effective aperture size of ∼4.0 Å, has been shown to be very promising for propylene/propane separation. Despite the extensive research on ZIF-8 membranes, only a few reported ZIF-8 membranes have displayed good propylene/propane separation performances presumably due to the challenges of controlling the microstructures of polycrystalline membranes. Here we report the first well-intergrown membranes of ZIF-67 (Co-substituted ZIF-8) by heteroepitaxially growing ZIF-67 on ZIF-8 seed layers. The ZIF-67 membranes exhibited impressively high propylene/propane separation capabilities. Furthermore, when a tertiary growth of ZIF-8 layers was applied to heteroepitaxially grown ZIF-67 membranes, the membranes exhibited unprecedentedly high propylene/propane separation factors of ∼200 possibly due to enhanced grain boundary structure.
Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Dielectric Behavior and Phase Transition in Ferroelectric Polymers (1998)

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the dielectric behavior of ferroelectric copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene is discussed to elucidate the roles of intermolecular and intramolecular interactions in a ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition of the polymers. The phase transition temperature and temperature hysteresis of the phase transition are influenced by the hydrostatic pressure. It is concluded that these effects of hydrostatic pressure result from its selective working on the intermolecular interaction.
Expression of Presenilin 1 in nervous system during rat development (1999)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a polygenic disorder involving at least four different genes. Among them, missense mutations in the presenilins segregate with the vast majority of early onset cases of familial AD. To elucidate possible function(s) of presenilin 1 (PS1), we have studied its expression during the development of the rat nervous system. Analysis by in situ hybridization showed expression of PS1 in a variety of cell types and tissues during development, with prominent expression in the nervous system. During late embryogenesis, the ventricular zone presented the highest levels of expression, paralleling the pattern previously reported for Notch. Later, during postnatal development, we observed a peak of PS1 expression at postnatal day 10, particularly in the cerebellum and hippocampus, a time when proliferation and migration are still ongoing and synapse formation is being completed. We propose that presenilins participate in at least two different developmental processes: (1) one involved in neurogenesis and skeleton formation during embryonic development, probably involving coordinate expression with Notch, and (2) a second one in the postnatal central nervous system, perhaps involved in neuritogenic and/or synaptogenic stages, most likely playing a role in amyloid precursor protein processing and amyloid beta production.
Activation of hPAK65 by caspase cleavage induces some of the morphological and biochemical changes of apoptosis (1997)

Apoptosis is a highly regulated form of cell death, characterized by distinctive features such as cellular shrinkage and nuclear condensation. We demonstrate here that proteolytic activation of hPAK65, a p21-activated kinase, induces morphological changes and elicits apoptosis. hPAK65 is cleaved both in vitro and in vivo by caspases at a single site between the N-terminal regulatory p21-binding domain and the C-terminal kinase domain. The C-terminal cleavage product becomes activated, with a kinetic profile that parallels caspase activation during apoptosis. This C-terminal hPAK65 fragment also activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in vivo. Microinjection or transfection of this truncated hPAK65 causes striking alterations in cellular and nuclear morphology, which subsequently promotes apoptosis in both CHO and Hela cells. Conversely, apoptosis is delayed in cells expressing a dominant-negative form of hPAK65. These findings provide a direct evidence that the activated form of hPAK65 generated by caspase cleavage is a proapoptotic effector that mediates morphological and biochemical changes seen in apoptosis.
Google Book Search: Document Understanding on a Massive Scale (2007)

Unveiled in late 2004, Google Book Search is an ambitious program to make all the world's books discoverable online. The sheer scale of the problem brings a number of unique document analysis and understanding challenges that are outlined in this paper. We also go over some of the ways that Google is working with the document analysis research community to help push the state of the art.
Treatment of Narcolepsy with γ-Hydroxybutyrate. A Review of Clinical and Sleep Laboratory Findings (1986)

Previous studies on the effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) on the sleep and clinical response of patients with narcolepsy are reviewed. New information on 48 patients treated with GHB for as long as 9 years is presented. These studies indicate that 2.25 to 3.00 g of GHB, taken in conjunction with a low dose of a stimulant during the day, rapidly alleviate the symptoms of narcolepsy in most patients. Tolerance does not develop to this treatment regimen; neither have any patients discontinued the treatment because of side effects. In poor responders, daytime drowsiness and not cataplexy has been the most common residual symptom. Sleep studies reveal that GHB induces REM followed by slow wave sleep. Although total sleep time at night may be unchanged, sleep is less fragmented. GHB appears to be effective because it can induce the symptoms of narcolepsy and contain them at night. It is noteworthy, therefore, that the central biochemical changes induced by GHB also appear comparable to those found naturally in narcolepsy.
Basic Geometrical Optics (2009)

Optics is the cornerstone of photonics systems and applications. In this module, you will learn about one of the two main divisions of basic optics - geometrical (ray) optics. In the module to follow, you will learn about the other - physical (wave) optics. Geometrical optics will help you understand the basics of light reflection and refraction and the use of simple optical elements such as mirrors, prisms, lenses, and fibers. Physical optics will help you understand the phenomena of light wave interference, diffraction, and polarization; the use of thin film coatings on mirrors to enhance or suppress reflection; and the operation of such devices as gratings and quarter-wave plates.
Effect of Stress-Concentration Factors Caused By Corrosion on Production-String Design (2005)

Summary With the increase in operating costs and the need to withstand the cyclical swing of the oil prices, there is a growing demand for cost-effective production operations. Challenges associated with extreme depth, pressures, and temperatures at which corrosion is a problem can translate into additional problems caused by tubing burst, collapse, and tension. Tubular goods subjected to corrosion suffer strength deterioration. This becomes detrimental when coupled with cyclic loading. Failure of tubings could lead to disastrous consequences and the loss of the well, and if tubing strings are not designed in consideration of corrosion effects, it could also result in problems that will require well-control operations. Stress concentration caused by corrosion cavity plays an important role in tubing design under corrosive environments. The objective of this study was to develop a new criterion for designing corrosion-resistant tubular strings in deepwater and ultradeep high-temperature/high-pressure wells. This paper presents results of our theoretical investigations of the corrosion effects on tubing-strength degradation. A new method and a revised criterion have been proposed to predict the threshold pressure for degraded tubing strength. Analytical formulae have been developed for calculating stresses around semi-spherical cavities, shallow surface cavities, and deep spherical cavities in the body of tubular strings. The effects of stress concentration on tubing strength are analyzed with these formulae. Solutions are also presented in the form of plots that can be easily used by the production engineers. An application example is presented in this paper.
Studies of phospholipid metabolism, proliferation, and secretion of stably transfected insulinoma cells that overexpress group VIA phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (2001)

A cytosolic 84 kDa Group VIA phospholipase A2 (iPLA2beta) that does not require Ca2+ for catalysis was cloned from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, murine P388D1 cells, pancreatic islet beta-cells, and other sources. Proposed iPLA2beta functions include participation in phosphatidylcholine (PC) homeostasis by degrading excess PC generated in CHO cells that overexpress CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in PC biosynthesis; participation in biosynthesis of arachidonate-containing PC species in P388D1 cells by generating lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) acceptors for arachidonate incorporation; and participation in signaling events in insulin secretion from islet beta-cells. To further examine iPLA2beta functions in beta-cells, we prepared stably transfected INS-1 insulinoma cell lines that overexpress iPLA2beta activity eightfold compared to parental INS-1 cells or to INS-1 cells transfected with an empty retroviral vector that did not contain iPLA2beta cDNA. The iPLA2beta-overexpressing cells exhibit a twofold increase in CT activity compared to parental cells but little change in rates of [3H]choline incorporation into or disappearance from PC. Electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometric measurements indicate that iPLA2beta-overexpressing cells have 1.5-fold higher LPC levels than parental INS-1 cells but do not exhibit increased rates of [3H]arachidonate incorporation into phospholipids, and incorporation is unaffected by a bromoenol lactone (BEL) suicide substrate inhibitor of iPLA2beta. The rate of appearance of arachidonate-containing phosphatidylethanolamine species visualized by ESI mass spectrometry is also similar in iPLA2beta-overexpressing and parental INS-1 cells incubated with supplemental arachidonic acid, and this process is unaffected by BEL. Compared to parental INS-1 cells, iPLA2beta-overexpressing cells proliferate more rapidly and exhibit amplified insulin secretory responses to a protein kinase C-activating phorbol ester, glucose, and a cAMP analog. These findings suggest that iPLA2beta plays a signaling role in beta-cells that differs from housekeeping functions in PC biosynthesis and degradation in P388D1 and CHO cells.
Serologic Assay of DNA Base Damage: I. 5-Hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine, A Radiation Product of Thymidine (1978)

Hazel L. Lewis, Donn R. Muhleman, John F. Ward, Serologic Assay of DNA Base Damage: I. 5-Hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine, A Radiation Product of Thymidine, Radiation Research, Vol. 75, No. 2 (Aug., 1978), pp. 305-316
Film Deposition by Molecular-Beam Techniques (1971)

A review of molecular-beam epitaxy of GaAs and the observation of surface structures with high-energy electron diffraction in an ultrahigh-vacuum system is described. The utilization of these surface structures as growth conditions to produce n- and p-type layers when doped with Sn, Ge, and Mg, and the electrical and optical evaluations of the layers thus grown is also discussed. The molecular-beam epitaxy method may be used to fabricate extremely thin multilayer structures and may play an increasing role in semiconductor technology.
A GAN-Based Feature Generator for Table Detection (2019)

Table detection is of great significance for the documents analysis and recognition. Although many methods have been proposed and great progress have been made, it is still a great challenge to recognize the less-ruled tables due to the lack of table line features. In this paper, we propose a novel network to generate the layout features for table text to improve the performance of less-ruled table recognition. This feature generator model is similar to the Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). We force the feature generator model to extract similar features for both ruling tables and less-ruled tables. It can be added into some common object detection and semantic segmentation models such as Mask R-CNN, U-Net. Extensive experiments are conducted on the dataset of ICDAR2017 Page Object Detection Competition dataset and a closed dataset full of the less-ruled tables and non-ruled tables. The primary experimental results show that the proposed GAN-based feature generator is very helpful for less-ruled table detection.
IL-1β–Induced Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells Is Blocked by Proteasome Inhibitors (1998)

Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is expressed by a variety of cell types in response to various stimuli. MCP-1 expressed by the endothelium plays an important role in cell migration and activation. MCP-1 is a major chemoattractant for monocytes, T lymphocytes, and basophils. In the present study, we present evidence that the proteasome complex is involved in mediating the interleukin (IL)-1beta induction of MCP-1 in endothelial cells. We present evidence that a proteasome inhibitor, N-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal (norLeu), and the protease inhibitor tosyl-Phe-chloromethylketone (TPCK) block IL-1beta induction of MCP-1 protein expression. norLeu and TPCK also blocked IL-1beta-induced MCP-1 promoter-driven reporter gene expression as well as nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-mediated reporter gene expression. The effects of norLeu were due to its inhibition of the proteasome rather than calpain, because other calpain inhibitors had no effect on MCP-1 expression. In contrast to TPCK, which blocked NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus, norLeu had no effect on NF-kappaB nuclear translocation or IL-1beta-induced phosphorylation of p65. This study demonstrates that the proteasome pathway is involved in IL-1beta-induced MCP-1 gene expression in human endothelial cells.
Application of neural network algorithms and architectures to correlation/tracking and identification (1986)

Neural network architectures and algorithms provide an anthropomorphic framework for analysis and synthesis of learning networks for correlation, tracking and identification applications. Many researchers in neuroscience believe that through evolution nature has developed efficient structures for multi‐sensor integration and data fusion. Consequently, innovations in electronic surveillance and advanced computing may result from current interdisciplinary research in neural networks and natural intelligence (NI). In this paper we propose a network learning paradigm, called entropy learning, based upon the Principle of Maximum Entropy (PME). The close relationship between entropy learning and simulated annealing in network solutions to combinatorial optimization problems is discussed.
High levels of EGFR expression in tumor stroma are associated with aggressive clinical features in epithelial ovarian cancer (2016)

High expression of EGFR in tumor stroma correlates with aggressive clinical features in epithelial ovarian cancer, and is an independent prognostic factor.