gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in Phase Behavior from the Substitution of Ethylene Oxide with Carbon Dioxide in the Head Group of Nonionic Surfactants (2019)

Nonionic ethylene oxide (EO)-based surfactants are widely employed in commercial applications and normally form gel-like liquid crystalline phases at higher concentrations, rendering their handling under such conditions difficult. By incorporating CO<sub>2</sub> units in their hydrophilic head groups, the consumption of the petrochemical EO was reduced, and the tendency to form liquid crystals was suppressed completely. This surprising behavior was characterized by rheology and studied with respect to its structural origin by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). These experiments showed a strongly reduced repulsive interaction between the micellar aggregates, attributed to a reduced hydration and enhanced interpenetration of the head groups owing to the presence of the CO<sub>2</sub> units. In addition, with increasing CO<sub>2</sub> content the surfactants became more efficient and effective with respect to their surface activity. These findings are important because the renewable resource CO<sub>2</sub> is used, and the CO<sub>2</sub> -containing surfactants allow handling at very high concentrations, an aspect of enormous practical importance.
Description multiple de l'information par transformation Mojette (2001)

Scalable representation of the information asserts oneself today to fit heterogeneity of interconnected network like the Internet. Source coding adopts a multi-resolution approach that can deliver progressively to the user the content of his request. However, by supposing during transmission a point to point management of priority so established, these schemes are summarily adapted to the environment of packet loss.<br />Multiple description coding offer one alternative to the hierarchical transmission of the information in splitting source scalability before emission. In this thesis, we propose an odd method of multiple description which realize a gradual protection of each source hierarchical level in relation to channel dynamical properties.<br />The Mojette transform (discrete and exact Radon transform) is one unitary transformation which allows the sharing of a data volume in a redundant set of equivalent projections. The evolution of this operator type initially used for tomographic reconstruction in continuous space extends the concept of image support to geometrical buffer for multimedia data. This multiple description coding, generalized to N channels, allows the initial geometrical buffer reconstruction in a deterministic manner by subsets of projection which number characterizes the protection level. Our scheme is particularly adapted in packet transport mode without extensible integrity control of transmission channel. The hierarchy of the source is communicated in this case in a transparently manner through the channel via unmarked descriptions.<br />The coding evaluation is realized by comparing the rates generated with those of MDS codes (Maximum Distance Separable codes) which provide an optimal solution in terms of symbols number needed for decoding. MDS properties relaxation in a (1+ε)MDS codes with the Mojette transform requires a weak increase of rates for the benefit of a reduced complexity.<br />The application over image compression standards validates concretely the possible adaptation of actual sources to best effort channel. The utilization in a distributed environment (micro-payment, distributed storage architecture) illustrates besides a secure dispersion of information.<br />To conclude, we have studied the integration of this method in multimedia scalable transmission protocol and considered a probabilistic version of the system.
Selective Fluorescent Detection of RNA in Living Cells by Using Imidazolium-Based Cyclophane (2012)

A water-soluble imidazolium-based fluorescent chemosensor senses RNA selectively through fluorescence enhancement over other biologically relevant biomolecules in aqueous solution at physiological pH 7.4. Fluorescence image detection of RNA in living cells such as onion cells, HeLa cells, and animal model cells was successfully demonstrated which displays a chelation-enhanced fluorescence effect. These affinities can be attributed to the strong electrostatic (C-H)(+)···A(-) ionic H-bonding and the aromatic moiety driven π-stacking of imidazolium-based cyclophane with the size-complementary major groove of RNA.
Transformation system for Amycolatopsis (Nocardia) mediterranei: direct transformation of mycelium with plasmid DNA (1991)

A new procedure for transformation of Amycolatopsis (Nocardia) mediterranei LBG A3136 was developed. The method makes use of polyethylene glycol and alkaline cations and enables direct transformation of the A. mediterranei mycelium with high efficiency: more than 10(6) transformants per microgram of DNA were obtained. Transformation of A. mediterranei is stimulated by the ionophore antibiotic valinomycin and abolished by arsenate and p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate. pMEA123, a vector based on the indigenous plasmid pMEA100 and containing the erythromycin resistance gene, was constructed.
A randomised, double-blind field trial of ivermectin alone and in combination with albendazole for the treatment of Mansonella perstans infections in Uganda (2008)

The effect of a single dose of ivermectin alone (150-200microg/kg body weight) or in combination with albendazole (total of 400mg) in Mansonella perstans infection was assessed in a randomised, double-blind field trial in two endemic communities in Mukono and Luwero districts of Uganda. No side effects were observed or reported during the first 7 days after treatment. The effect on microfilaraemia was analysed among individuals with >or=20 microfilariae (mf) per 100mul of blood at baseline, who took the treatment and who attended follow-up examinations at 6 months and 12 months after treatment (48 and 46 in Mukono and 48 and 40 in Luwero for the ivermectin and combination treatment, respectively). In both communities, the combination treatment appeared slightly more effective than ivermectin alone, but the difference was not statistically significant. Both drug regimens were more effective in Luwero than in Mukono, probably owing to different diets in the two areas. However, in general both treatment regimens in both communities had limited effect on microfilarial intensities, and only one individual (given combination treatment in Luwero) was mf-negative at 6 months and 12 months after treatment. [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00215280].
Interleukin-8: An autocrine inflammatory mediator. (1999)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-inflammatory chemokine, induces trafficking of neutrophils across the vascular wall. The release of IL-8 is triggered by inflammatory signals from a large variety of cells. The diversity in the cellular source indicates pleiotropy of its functions. IL-8 plays a key role in host defense mechanism through its effects on neutrophil activation, but a continued presence of IL-8 in circulation in response to inflammatory conditions may lead to a variable degree of tissue damage. Like most of the peptide hormones or mediators, IL-8 transmits its signals through distinct cell surface receptors. The membrane spanning heptahelical IL-8 receptor is coupled with the effector enzyme(s) through the intermediacy of heterotrimeric GTP-binding regulatory proteins. A growing number of studies demonstrated regulation of IL-8 activity by pertussis toxin treatment, implying a role of pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins (Gi), in IL-8 induced effects. IL-8 induced activation of G-protein results in activation of phospholipase C b2 (PLCb2). This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phosphoinositides to yield diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3), which in turn activates protein kinase C (PKC) and mobilizes the intracellular Ca2+, respectively. Neutrophils activation of phospholipase D (PLD) and superoxide generation in response to IL-8 have also been demonstrated. Furthermore, IL-8-mediated activation of mitogen activating protein kinase (MAPK) and tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins have been observed. It appears that the signalling pathways induced by IL-8 are subject to fine modulations by the demand and presence of IL-8. The presence of IL-8 in various pathophysiological condition implies that blockade of its actions could be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Rapid screening of cardiac patients with a miniaturized hand‐held ultrasound imager‐comparisons with physical examination and conventional two‐dimensional echocardiography (2004)

Rapid screening with SH provides accurate and valuable information that would otherwise be undetected during physical examination. Its introduction into clinical practice may redefine the initial approach to patients with cardiovascular disease.
High-speed GeSi EA modulator at 1550 nm (2012)

We demonstrate a high speed GeSi EA modulator with a broad operating wavelength range of over 30 nm near 1550 nm and a 3 dB bandwidth of 40.7 GHz at 2.8 V reverse bias.
Improving motor reliability in nuclear power plants (1987)

Despite the fact that motors are proven to be relatively reliable components and maintenance practices are extensive, motors still experience failures. The operating experience of motors in nuclear power plants clearly indicates that the insulating system and bearing assembly are the dominant failure modes, accounting for almost seventy percent of the reported failures. Maintaining and monitoring the state of these two subcomponents, using costeffective techniques, could eliminate many untimely failures and thus could improve the overall motor reliability and, hence, the plant safety. This paper discusses the results of the motor study performed under the auspices of the NRC Nuclear Plant Aging Research (NPAR) program. The study included determination of appropriate functional indicators suitable for monitoring the condition of the above-mentioned two subcomponents. This was achieved by performing various bearing and insulation tests on aged motors and evaluating various test procedures.
Feeding Jejunostomy: Is There Enough Evidence to Justify Its Routine Use? (2004)

Feeding jejunostomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Its routine use may not be justified in the absence of evidence to support its use.
Algorithms for Advanced Battery-Management Systems (2010)

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are ubiquitous sources of energy for portable electronic devices. Compared to alternative battery technologies, Li-ion batteries provide one of the best energy-to-weight ratios, exhibit no memory effect, and have low self-discharge when not in use. These beneficial properties, as well as decreasing costs, have established Li-ion batteries as a leading candidate for the next generation of automotive and aerospace applications. In the automotive sector, increasing demand for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in HEVs (PHEVs), and EVs has pushed manufacturers to the limits of contemporary automotive battery technology. This limitation is gradually forcing consideration of alternative battery technologies, such as Li-ion batteries, as a replacement for existing leadacid and nickel-metal-hydride batteries. Unfortunately, this replacement is a challenging task since automotive applications demand large amounts of energy and power and must operate safely, reliably, and durably at these scales. The article presents a detailed description and model of a Li-ion battery. It begins the section "Intercalation-Based Batteries" by providing an intuitive explanation of the fundamentals behind storing energy in a Li-ion battery. In the sections "Modeling Approach" and "Li-Ion Battery Model," it present equations that describe a Li-ion cell's dynamic behavior. This modeling is based on using electrochemical principles to develop a physics-based model in contrast to equivalent circuit models. A goal of this article is to present the electrochemical model from a controls perspective.
Absorption of a rigid frame porous layer with periodic circular inclusions backed by a periodic grating (2011)

The acoustic properties of a periodic rigid frame porous layer with multiple irregularities in the rigid backing and embedded rigid circular inclusions are investigated theoretically and numerically. The theoretical representation of the sound field in the structure is obtained using a combination of multipole method that accounts for the periodic inclusions and multi-modal method that accounts for the multiple irregularities of the rigid backing. The theoretical model is validated against a finite element method. The predictions show that the acoustic response of this structure exhibits quasi-total, high absorption peaks at low frequencies which are below the frequency of the quarter-wavelength resonance typical for a flat homogeneous porous layer backed by a rigid plate. This result is explained by excitation of additional modes in the porous layer and by a complex interaction between various acoustic modes. These modes relate to the resonances associated with the presence of a profiled rigid backing and rigid inclusions in the porous layer.
Enhancement of 45Ca2+ Influx and Voltage-dependent Ca2+ Channel Activity by β-Amyloid-(1–40) in Rat Cortical Synaptosomes and Cultured Cortical Neurons (2000)

Beta-amyloid protein is thought to underlie the neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease by inducing Ca(2+)-dependent apoptosis. Elevated neuronal expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta is an additional feature of neurodegeneration, and in this study we demonstrate that interleukin-1beta modulates the effects of beta-amyloid on Ca(2+) homeostasis in the rat cortex. beta-Amyloid-(1-40) (1 microM) caused a significant increase in (45)Ca(2+) influx into rat cortical synaptosomes via activation of L- and N-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels and also increased the amplitude of N- and P-type Ca(2+) channel currents recorded from cultured cortical neurons. In contrast, interleukin-1beta (5 ng/ml) reduced the (45)Ca(2+) influx into cortical synaptosomes and inhibited Ca(2+) channel activity in cultured cortical neurons. Furthermore, the stimulatory effects of beta-amyloid protein on Ca(2+) influx were blocked following exposure to interleukin-1beta, suggesting that interleukin-1beta may govern neuronal responses to beta-amyloid by regulating Ca(2+) homeostasis.
An on-chip 72 K pseudo two-port cache memory subsystem (1990)

A CMOS VLSI cache memory subsystem, which includes a 72 K cache memory, a 11 K tag memory, a 1.3 K state array, two special buffers, and cache control logic, has been developed and integrated on an experimental microprocessor chip. The unique one-port cache incorporates a reload buffer and a store back buffer to function as a two-port cache, one port for CPU read/write and the other port to the system bus for simultaneous cache reload. The one-port tag also bears pseudo-two-port characteristics by using a cycle-split scheme to access the tag twice in a cache cycle. This allows the tag memory to be used for bus snooping as well as normal cache operation without using the conventional dual-port tag approach to maintain cache data coherency. A unique cache reload mechanism which utilizes the cache read-modify-write cycle is incorporated to maintain data coherency in the reload buffer and store back buffer. This is essential for enhancing snoopy cache performance with pseudo-two-port capability
The Reversible Residual Network: Backpropagation Without Storing Activations (2017)

Deep residual networks (ResNets) have significantly pushed forward the state-of-the-art on image classification, increasing in performance as networks grow both deeper and wider. However, memory consumption becomes a bottleneck, as one needs to store the activations in order to calculate gradients using backpropagation. We present the Reversible Residual Network (RevNet), a variant of ResNets where each layer's activations can be reconstructed exactly from the next layer's. Therefore, the activations for most layers need not be stored in memory during backpropagation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of RevNets on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet, establishing nearly identical classification accuracy to equally-sized ResNets, even though the activation storage requirements are independent of depth.
Transmembrane Nanopores from Porphyrin Supramolecules (2008)

A porphyrin-based nanopore was constructed through a bilayer lipid membrane (BLM). The macrocyclic porphyrin (the inner diameter = ca. 2.1 nm) having six carboxylic acid groups directed up and down was synthesized by self-assembly of three trisporphyrins, metathesis linking, and subsequent hydrolysis. The porphyrin was incorporated into soybean lecithin based BLM, and the ion currents through the nanopore were observed under 500 mM KCl, LiCl, CaCl2, and tetraalkylammonium chloride solutions, indicating formation of a large pore through BLM. Blocking of the ion current was achieved by addition of the polycationic fourth-generation PAMAM dendrimer.
Alzheimer's disease--immunological aspects. (1993)

Alzheimer's Disease (A.D.) is a multifarious, complex syndrome, which probably comprises different etiopathogenic subunits. Work by several authors has shown immunological disturbances in A.D. underlining the importance of immunological imbalance in the explanation of the etiopathogenesis and progress of some forms of A.D. An early diagnosis of A.D. is important because changes in central nervous system respond well to immunomodulatory treatment in the early course of disease. This justifies a search for diagnostic methods permitting an early diagnosis of the disease and establishment of immunological disturbances and consequently an early start of treatment. In the present paper, the literature regarding immunological disturbances observed in A.D. patients is reviewed.
Candle soot nanoparticles-polydimethylsiloxane composites for laser ultrasound transducers (2015)

Generation of high power laser ultrasound strongly demands the advanced materials with efficient laser energy absorption, fast thermal diffusion, and large thermoelastic expansion capabilities. In this study, candle soot nanoparticles-polydimethylsiloxane (CSNPs-PDMS) composite was investigated as the functional layer for an optoacoustic transducer with high-energy conversion efficiency. The mean diameter of the collected candle soot carbon nanoparticles is about 45 nm, and the light absorption ratio at 532 nm wavelength is up to 96.24%. The prototyped CSNPs-PDMS nano-composite laser ultrasound transducer was characterized and compared with transducers using Cr-PDMS, carbon black (CB)-PDMS, and carbon nano-fiber (CNFs)-PDMS composites, respectively. Energy conversion coefficient and −6 dB frequency bandwidth of the CSNPs-PDMS composite laser ultrasound transducer were measured to be 4.41 × 10−3 and 21 MHz, respectively. The unprecedented laser ultrasound transduction performance using CSNPs-PDMS nano-composites is promising for a broad range of ultrasound therapy applications.
Leak-Rate Determination Using Krypton 85 (1972)

An account is given of the krypton 85 test for determining leak rates of tubes evacuated to a pressure of ~10-8 torr. The minimum detectable air leak rate is of the order of 10-12 atm cc s-1, the limit being set by the background radiation and by the inaccuracy of dispensing a known-activity calibration standard. A description is given of the soak procedure and of the operation and calibration of two alternative counting equipments. An essential requirement for unambiguous counting is the facility for efficient removal of unwanted contamination that adheres to the exterior surface of the tube as a result of the soak. Determination of the optimum cleaning process is, of course, a matter for experiment, and must be proved for each particular application.
Improving one’s choices by putting oneself in others’ shoes – An experimental analysis (2017)

This paper investigates how letting people predict others’ choices under risk affects subsequent own choices. We find an improvement of strong rationality (risk neutrality) for losses in own choices, but no such improvement for gains. There is no improvement of weak rationality (avoiding preference reversals). Overall, risk aversion in own choices increases. Conversely, for the effects of own choices on predicting for others, the risk aversion predicted in others’ choices is reduced if preceded by own choices, for both gains and losses. Remarkably, we find a new probability matching paradox at the group level. Relative to preceding studies on the effects of predicting others’ choices, we added real incentives, pure framing effects, and simplicity of stimuli. Our stimuli were maximally targeted towards our research questions.
The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 (1983)

The nucleotide sequence of the aceF gene, which encodes the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component (E2) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli K12, has been determined using the dideoxy chain-termination method. The aceF gene comprises 1887 base pairs (629 codons excluding the initiation codon AUG); it is preceded by a short intercistronic segment of 14 base pairs containing a good ribosomal binding site, and it is followed closely by a potential rho-independent terminator. The results extend by 1980 base pairs the previously sequenced segment of 3780 base pairs containing the structural gene (aceE) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component (E1) and they confirm that aceE and aceF are the proximal and distal genes of the ace operon. The amino terminus, carboxy-terminal sequence and amino acid composition of the acetyltransferase subunit predicted from the nucleotide sequence are in excellent agreement with previous studies with the purified protein. The predicted molecular weight (Mr = 65959) confirms experimental values derived from sedimentation equilibrium analysis and indicates that the higher values (78000-89000) that have been reported are due to unusual features of the protein that lead to anomalous mobilities during sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in gel filtration. The primary structure fully supports conclusions, based on limited tryptic proteolysis, that the acetyltransferase subunit possesses two heterologous domains: the lipoyl domain and the subunit binding and catalytic domain. The lipoyl domain corresponds to the amino-terminal segment of the protein. It is acidic and contains three remarkably homologous repeating units of approximately 100 amino acids, each possessing a potential lipoyl binding site and a region that is characteristically rich in alanine and proline residues. The subunit binding and catalytic domain occupies most of the residual polypeptide in the carboxy-terminal segment.