gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LIPSIN (2009)

A large fraction of today's Internet applications are internally publish/subscribe in nature; the current architecture makes it cumbersome and inept to support them. In essence, supporting efficient publish/subscribe requires data-oriented naming, efficient multicast, and in-network caching. Deployment of native IP-based multicast has failed, and overlay-based multicast systems are inherently inefficient. We surmise that scalable and efficient publish/subscribe will require substantial architectural changes, such as moving from endpoint-oriented systems to information-centric architectures. In this paper, we propose a novel multicast forwarding fabric, suitable for large-scale topic-based publish/subscribe. Due to very simple forwarding decisions and small forwarding tables, the fabric may be more energy efficient than the currently used ones. To understand the limitations and potential, we provide efficiency and scalability analysis via simulations and early measurements from our two implementations. We show that the system scales up to metropolitan WAN sizes, and we discuss how to interconnect separate networks.
Improving communication reliability by use of an intermittent feedback channel (1969)

This paper describes and analyzes a feedback communication scheme where the feedback channel is used only to inform the transmitter, at specified times (prior to a final decision), which message the receiver considers most likely. The feedback information is used by the transmitter to modify its transmission according to a rule known also to the receiver. When orthogonal signals are used and only an average transmitter power constraint is imposed, the error probability can be made to decrease in an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> -fold exponential manner with increasing
Fiber-optical waveguides with a high numerical aperture (1980)

Optical fibers consisting of a glass and a polymer were fabricated. They had a numerical aperture of 0.37 when the core was made of quartz glass and 0.5–0.56 when it was made of multicomponent glasses. A study was made of the optical and physicomechanical properties of various polymer claddings. The results led to a recommendation for the use of a silicone composition characterized by a high transparency in the visible part of the spectrum. Fibers with losses of 20 dB/km and a breaking strength in excess of 400 kg/mm2 were obtained.
Improving face image extraction by using deep learning technique (2016)

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) has made a collection of over a 1.2 million research articles containing 3.2 million figure images searchable using the Open-iSM multimodal (text+image) search engine. Many images are visible light photographs, some of which are images containing faces (“face images”). Some of these face images are acquired in unconstrained settings, while others are studio photos. To extract the face regions in the images, we first applied one of the most widely-used face detectors, a pre-trained Viola-Jones detector implemented in Matlab and OpenCV. The Viola-Jones detector was trained for unconstrained face image detection, but the results for the NLM database included many false positives, which resulted in a very low precision. To improve this performance, we applied a deep learning technique, which reduced the number of false positives and as a result, the detection precision was improved significantly. (For example, the classification accuracy for identifying whether the face regions output by this Viola- Jones detector are true positives or not in a test set is about 96%.) By combining these two techniques (Viola-Jones and deep learning) we were able to increase the system precision considerably, while avoiding the need to manually construct a large training set by manual delineation of the face regions.
Photonic chip for steering a four element phased array antenna (2002)

A polarization independent photonic integrated circuit for phase steering of a four element phased array antenna has been fabricated on InP. The chip is extremely small and suitable for packaging.
Using Deep Learning to Solve Google reCAPTCHA v2’s Image Challenges (2020)

The most popular CAPTCHA service in use today is Google reCAPTCHA v2, whose main offering is an image-based CAPTCHA challenge. This paper looks into the security measures used in reCAPTCHA v2's image challenges and proposes a deep learning-based solution that can be used to automatically solve them. The proposed method is tested with both a custom object- detection deep learning model as well as Google's own Cloud Vision API, in conjunction with human mimicking mouse movements to bypass the challenges. The paper also suggests some potential defense measures to increase overall security and other additional attack directions for reCAPTCHA v2.
Visualizing Confidence in Cluster-Based Ensemble Weather Forecast Analyses (2017)

In meteorology, cluster analysis is frequently used to determine representative trends in ensemble weather predictions in a selected spatio-temporal region, e.g., to reduce a set of ensemble members to simplify and improve their analysis. Identified clusters (i.e., groups of similar members), however, can be very sensitive to small changes of the selected region, so that clustering results can be misleading and bias subsequent analyses. In this article, we - a team of visualization scientists and meteorologists-deliver visual analytics solutions to analyze the sensitivity of clustering results with respect to changes of a selected region. We propose an interactive visual interface that enables simultaneous visualization of a) the variation in composition of identified clusters (i.e., their robustness), b) the variability in cluster membership for individual ensemble members, and c) the uncertainty in the spatial locations of identified trends. We demonstrate that our solution shows meteorologists how representative a clustering result is, and with respect to which changes in the selected region it becomes unstable. Furthermore, our solution helps to identify those ensemble members which stably belong to a given cluster and can thus be considered similar. In a real-world application case we show how our approach is used to analyze the clustering behavior of different regions in a forecast of "Tropical Cyclone Karl", guiding the user towards the cluster robustness information required for subsequent ensemble analysis.
Liu Shao-Ch'i and the Cadre Question (1968)

Research Article| April 01 1968 Liu Shao-Ch'i and the Cadre Question Richard Baum, Richard Baum Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Frederick C. Teiwes Frederick C. Teiwes Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1939) 8 (4): 323–345. https://doi.org/10.2307/2642205 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Richard Baum, Frederick C. Teiwes; Liu Shao-Ch'i and the Cadre Question. Far Eastern Survey 15 February 1939; 8 (4): 323–345. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2642205 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Real-time physiological and vision monitoring of vehicle driver for non-intrusive drowsiness detection (2011)

This study presents a novel approach to detect driver's drowsiness by applying two distinct methods in computer vision and image processing. The objective of this study is to combine both methods under one single profile instead of relied solely on a detection method to enhance the driver's drowsiness detection resolution. Therefore a non-intrusive drowsy-monitoring system is developed to alert the driver if driver falls into low arousal state. In physiological part, photoplethysmography (PPG) is analysed for its changes in signals waveform from awake to drowsy state. Meanwhile, eyes pattern or motion in image processing is addressed to detect driver fatigue. Genetic algorithm with template-matching approach is designed to detect eye region and estimate the drowsiness in different metric standard based on eyes behaviour. Moreover, PPG drowsy signals are integrated with eyes motion to derive the final probability model for delivering valid and reliable drowsiness detection system. Indeed, the proposed system provides high competitive edge over existing arbitrary drowsiness detection system where the driver's health and mental states can be monitored in real-time without constraints.
Evidence for natural horizontal transfer of tetQ between bacteria that normally colonize humans and bacteria that normally colonize livestock (1994)

Though numerous studies have shown that gene transfer occurs between distantly related bacterial genera under laboratory conditions, the frequency and breadth of horizontal transfer events in nature remain unknown. Previous evidence for natural intergeneric transfers came from studies of genes in human pathogens, bacteria that colonize the same host. We present evidence that natural transfer of a tetracycline resistance gene, tetQ, has occurred between bacterial genera that normally colonize different hosts. A DNA sequence comparative approach was taken to examine the extent of horizontal tetQ dissemination between species of Bacteroides, the predominant genus of the human colonic microflora, and between species of Bacteroides and of the distantly related genus Prevotella, a predominant genus of the microflora of the rumens and intestinal tracts of farm animals. Virtually identical tetQ sequences were found in a number of isolate pairs differing in taxonomy and geographic origin, indicating that extensive natural gene transmission has occurred. Among the exchange events indicated by the evidence was the very recent transfer of an allele of tetQ usually found in Prevotella spp. to a Bacteroides fragilis strain.
UV-A/Blue-Light responses in algae (2018)

All life on earth depends on light. A variety of photoreceptors capture the light for a wide range of reactions. Photosynthetic organisms absorb the light necessary for energy transformation and charge separation facilitating photosynthesis. In addition to the bulk pigments there is a great diversity of photoreceptors present in minute concentrations that control development, metabolism and orientation of plants and microorganisms. Based on its spectral absorbance, the well-studied phytochrome system acts in the RL (red light) region as well as in the UV-A/BL (blue light) region where the above mentioned reactions are mediated by a variety of photoreceptors whose natures are largely unknown. Phyllogenetically the UV-A/BL photoreceptors seem to be more ancient pigments that eventually were replaced by the phytochrome system. However, there are many reports that suggest a coaction between the UV-A/BL receptors and the phytochrome system. In several cases the UV-A/BL activation is the prerequisite for the phytochrome reaction. Historically it was the German botanist Julius Sachs who first discovered in 1864 that phototropism in plants was due to BL reactions. It took over 70 years until Bunning (1937) and Galston and Baker (1949) rediscovered the BL response. Since then, an ever-increasing attention has been paid to this effect. In this contribution, the general aspect of UV-A/BL responses and especially the responsiveness of algae will be covered.
Adaptive Angular-Displacement Vold-Kalman Order Tracking (2007)

The paper proposes and implements an adaptive Vold-Kalman filtering order tracking (VKF_OT) approach to improve the original VKF_OT scheme in an adaptive manner for the interpretation and diagnosis of rotary machinery during operation. The paper comprises theoretical derivation and numerical implementation. Comparisons of the improved VKF_OT scheme to the original are accomplished through processing a synthetic signal. Parameters such as the weighting factor and the correlation matrix of process noise, which influences tracking performance, are investigated. The adaptive OT scheme based on the Kalman filter can be computed on-line and implemented as a real-time processing application.
Effects of familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutations on neuronal P/Q-type Ca <sup>2+</sup> channel activity and inhibitory synaptic transmission (2005)

Inhibitory synapses play key roles in the modulatory circuitry that regulates pain signaling and generation of migraine headache. A rare, dominant form of this common disease, familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1), arises from missense mutations in the pore-forming alpha1A subunit of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. These channels are normally vital for presynaptic Ca2+ entry and neurotransmitter release at many central synapses, raising questions about effects of FHM1 mutations on neuronal Ca2+ influx and inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission. We have expressed the four original FHM1 mutant channels in hippocampal neurons from alpha1A knockout mice. Whole-cell recordings indicated that FHM1 mutant channels were less effective than wild-type channels in their ability to conduct P/Q-type current, but not generally different from wild type in voltage-dependent channel gating. Ca2+ influx triggered by action potential waveforms was also diminished. In keeping with decreased channel activity, FHM1 mutant channels were correspondingly impaired in supporting the P/Q-type component of inhibitory neurotransmission. When expressed in wild-type inhibitory neurons, FHM1 mutant channels reduced the contribution of P/Q-type channels to GABAergic synaptic currents, consistent with a competition of mutant and endogenous channels for P/Q-specific slots. In all cases, N-type channels took up the burden of supporting transmission and homeostatic mechanisms maintained overall synaptic strength. The shift to reliance on N-type channels greatly increased the susceptibility to G protein-coupled modulation of neurotransmission, studied with the GABAB agonist baclofen. Thus, mutant-expressing synapses might be weakened in a heightened state of neuromodulation like that provoked by triggers of migraine such as stress.
Isolation of Some Minor Milk Proteins, Distributed in Acid Whey from Approximately 100,000 to 250,000 Daltons of Particle Size (1988)

Milk proteins in acid whey were separated into five fractions according to molecular size by gel filtration chromatography. The second peak, P2, contained proteins between approximately 250,000 and 100,000 daltons. Proteins in P2 were concentrated. After separation into albumins and globulins, each protein group was isolated by DEAE chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, Isolated albumin fractions were a yellow-colored protein of 89,000 daltons, an unidentified protein of 73,000 daltons, a beta-lactoglobulin of 18,300 daltons, and a red-colored protein of 87,000 daltons. Two types of globulin fractions were isolated: 1) a globulin fraction that coagulated in saturated sodium sulfate but did not coagulate when dialyzed against deionized water included a brown-colored protein of 150,000 daltons, and 2) a bovine serum albumin of 67,000 daltons with unidentified 170,000 and 30,000 daltons bands. A true globulin fraction contained a 77,000 dalton unidentified protein with several faint bands. The red-colored protein was identified as lactoferrin and the brown-colored protein as xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2.). A yellow-colored protein was concluded to be the denatured protein of contaminated lactoperoxidase (EC 1.11.1.7).
Combining the effects of frame rate, bit rate, display size and video content in a parametric video quality model (2011)

In this paper we analyze how the frame rate affects the video perceived quality for different video contents. Combining these results with our previous work, a new parametric model is proposed for video quality estimation, including the effects of frame rates, bit rate, display size and video content. The performance of the new proposed model was evaluated for video clips coded in H.264/AVC at different frame rates (from 5 to 25 fps), different bit rates (from 25 kb/s to 6 Mb/s), and in different display formats, including VGA, CIF and QCIF. In total more than 670 processed video sequences were analyzed to derive the proposed model.
Multiple transformation of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>by protoplast fusion (1992)

A technique for the multiple transformation of yeast by protoplast fusion is described. This involved the PEG-induced fusion of protoplasts from cells which had been treated with chromosome-fragmenting agents (in this case cupferron and hydroxylamine) with protoplasts of triply auxotrophic cells. The recovery of transformants was increased significantly if one of the amino acid requirements of the recipient strain was included in the selection medium. Transformants isolated on supplemented media remained auxotrophic for that requirement. Prototrophic, uninucleate transformants had a DNA content and cellular volume similar to that of the parental strains. Possible mechanisms of gene transfer are discussed. This technique offers the possibility of transferring desirable characteristics from one yeast strain to another without altering the ploidy level of the recipient strain.
Microstructure and etching properties of sputtered indium—tin oxide (ITO) (1991)

Indium—tin oxide (ITO) applied to optoelectronic devices must meet several requirements simultaneously, i.e. electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and structurability by photolithography. As will be shown, these properties are mainly based on the microstructure of the ITO films. The microstructure changes from amorphous to polycrystalline depending on the oxygen partial pressure in the sputtering ambient and the deposition rate. We investigated the influence of an oxide layer on the target surface, its removal prior to film deposition, and its formation during the sputtering process. The reproducibility of the ITO microstructure and the etching properties are discussed in detail. Indium—Zinn-Oxid (ITO) für die Anwendung in opto-elektronischen Bauelementen muß gleichzeitig verschiedene Anforderungen erfüllen: elektrische Leitfähigkeit, optische Transparenz und Strukturierbarkeit mit Hilfe der Photolithographie. Wie in dieser Arbeit gezeigt wird, hängen diese Eigenschaften hauptsächlich vom Gefüge der Schichten ab. Es ändert sich von amorph zu polykristallin in Abhängigkeit vom Sauerstoffpartialdruck im Sputterraum und der Abscheiderate. Wir haben den Einfluß einer Oxidschicht auf der Target-Oberfläche, ihre Entfernung vor dem Sputtern und ihre Bildung während des Sputterprozesses untersucht. Die Reproduzierbarkeit des ITO-Gefüges und die ätz-Eigenschaften werden ausführlich diskutiert.
Roles desempeñados por las enfermeras en el ejercicio de la supervisión (2000)

A traves de este articulo se pretende exponer el analisis de las activida-des realizadas por las supervisoras/es de Enfermeria, valorando su si-tuacion actual en cuanto al replanteamiento del rol y la formulacion defunciones que lo integran. 
Para ello se realizo un estudio descriptivo mediante un autoexamenbasado en la teoria de los 10 roles de Minzberg; a continuacion seanalizaron aquellos aspectos que ayudaban a la agrupacion de activi-dades en cada uno de los roles. 

Los roles relacionados con la toma de decisiones fueron a los que seles dedico mas tiempo, seguido de los roles informativos, por ultimo,y a mucha distancia en numeros de horas dedicadas, los roles inter-personales.
Catalytic Asymmetric Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels−Alder Reaction of <i>N</i>-Sulfonyl-1-Aza-1,3-Dienes (2007)

An efficient chiral Lewis acid-catalyzed inverse-electron-demand Diels−Alder reaction of 1-azadienes is described. This procedure is based on the combination of NiII-DBFOX complex as catalyst and the use of a metal-coordinating (8-quinolyl)sulfonyl moiety at the iminic nitrogen of the N-sulfonyl 1-aza-1,3-diene, providing highly functionalized piperidine derivatives in good yields with excellent endo-selectivity, and enantioselectivities typically in the range of 77−92% ee.
Monoclonal Antibodies to the Latent Membrane Protein of Epstein-Barr Virus Reveal Heterogeneity of the Protein and Inducible Expression in Virus-transformed Cells (1987)

Monoclonal antibodies specific for the 'latent membrane protein' (LMP) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), one of the effector proteins of EBV-induced B cell transformation, have been generated from mice immunized with a beta-galactosidase fusion protein containing the carboxyl half of the B95.8 strain LMP sequence. Four monoclonal IgG1 antibodies, designated CS.1, CS.2, CS.3 and CS.4, which together recognized at least three different epitopes on the molecule, were used to examine various aspects of LMP expression in B cell lines transformed in vitro. The pooled CS.1 to 4 reagent detected the LMPs encoded by each of 20 geographically distinct EBV isolates, despite a degree of inter-isolate heterogeneity in the size and antigenicity of the protein. In cell lines carrying the prototype B95.8 virus strain, particularly if these were virus producers, an additional lower molecular weight LMP was also detected; this appeared to correspond to the truncated form of the protein already predicted to exist from the analysis of B95.8 lytic cycle mRNAs. Attempts were made to identify an analogous truncated form of LMP in cell lines carrying other virus isolates after treatment with phorbol ester and/or sodium butyrate to induce virus production. Surprisingly these experiments showed that expression of the full length LMP molecule was itself strongly inducible by these agents; when monitored at the single cell level, this was a generalized response and was not restricted to cells entering a lytic cycle. Expression of LMP in EBV-transformed B cells therefore appears to be subject to a distinct type of regulation.
Deposition of nanocrystalline cubic silicon carbide films using the hot-filament chemical-vapor-deposition method (2000)

Nanocrystalline cubic silicon carbide (3C–SiC) films embedded in an amorphous SiC matrix were fabricated by the hot-filament chemical-vapor-deposition technique using methane and silane as reactance gases. High-resolution transmission electron micrographs clearly showed that these films contain naoncrystallites, with an average dimension of about 7 nm, embedded within an amorphous matrix. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, infrared absorption, and Raman scattering studies revealed the nanocrystallites as having the structure of that of 3C–SiC. In contrast to 3C–SiC, where no photoluminescence could be observed at room temperature, strong visible emission with a peak energy of 2.2 eV could be seen from the nanocrystalline films at room temperature. The presence of nanocrystalline cubic SiC in these films is believed to result in a change in their energy-band structure, compared to that of 3C–SiC, which promotes radiative recombination of electron–hole pairs.