gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time motion retargeting to highly varied user-created morphologies (2008)

Character animation in video games---whether manually keyframed or motion captured---has traditionally relied on codifying skeletons early in a game's development, and creating animations rigidly tied to these fixed skeleton morphologies. This paper introduces a novel system for animating characters whose morphologies are unknown at the time the animation is created. Our authoring tool allows animators to describe motion using familiar posing and key-framing methods. The system records the data in a morphology-independent form, preserving both the animation's structural relationships and its stylistic information. At runtime, the generalized data are applied to specific characters to yield pose goals that are supplied to a robust and efficient inverse kinematics solver. This system allows us to animate characters with highly varying skeleton morphologies that did not exist when the animation was authored, and, indeed, may be radically different than anything the original animator envisioned.
The Chemistry of metal cluster complexes (1990)

Introduction structural and bonding aspects of metal cluster chemistry systematics of the synthesis of transition metal carbonyl clusters ligand substitution reaction cluster-assisted ligand transformations polyhedral rearrangements and fragmentation reactions in cluster complexes cluster complexes as homogenous catalysts and catalyst precursors organo-transitions metal cluster chemistry - bibliography of reviews.
Fabrication of Porous TiO<sub>2</sub> Films Using Two-Step Replication of Microstructure of Anodic Alumina (1992)

Microporous TiO 2 films were fabricated using a two-step replicating process, in which porous anodic alumina was used as a template. The TiO 2 films prepared from a TiO 2 sol solution had straight micropores of high aspect ratio, and the distribution of the pore diameter was very sharp. Change due to postheating treatment of as-prepared TiO 2 films was examined by electron diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopic observation.
Similarity relations for the interaction parameters in radiation transport (1989)

It is possible to alter the interaction parameters characterizing neutral particle radiation transport without significantly altering the spatial distribution of the particle fluence rate. Practical mathematical relations specifying the constraints that such an alteration must satisfy are known as similarity relations. Similarity relations are derived in this work from integrated versions of the single energy neutral particle transport equation. The application of these relations in accelerating Monte Carlo deep penetration simulations is described and assessed. Computational reductions may exceed a factor of 10 in highly scattering media in which the scattering is highly forward peaked, such as applies to the propagation of red and near IR light through soft tissues.
Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Persistent Pain Following Breast Cancer Surgery (2009)

Two to 3 years after breast cancer treatment, persistent pain and sensory disturbances remain clinically significant problems among Danish women who received surgery in 2005 and 2006.
Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer: Epidemiology, Screening, and Vaccination—Review of Current Perspectives (2019)

Viral infections contribute as a cause of 15-20% of all human cancers. Infection by oncogenic viruses can promote different stages of carcinogenesis. Among many types of HPV, around 15 are linked to cancer. In spite of effective screening methods, cervical cancer continues to be a major public health problem. There are wide differences in cervical cancer incidence and mortality by geographic region. In addition, the age-specific HPV prevalence varies widely across different populations and showed two peaks of HPV positivity in younger and older women. There have been many studies worldwide on the epidemiology of HPV infection and oncogenic properties due to different HPV genotypes. However, there are still many countries where the population-based prevalence has not yet been identified. Moreover, cervical cancer screening strategies are different between countries. Organized cervical screening programs are potentially more effective than opportunistic screening programs. Nevertheless, screening programs have consistently been associated with a reduction in cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Developed countries have achieved such reduced incidence and mortality from cervical cancer over the past 40 years. This is largely due to the implementation of organized cytological screening and vaccination programs. HPV vaccines are very effective at preventing infection and diseases related to the vaccine-specific genotypes in women with no evidence of past or current HPV infection. In spite of the successful implementation of the HPV vaccination program in many countries all over the world, problems related to HPV prevention and treatment of the related diseases will continue to persist in developing and underdeveloped countries.
Assessment of the Reproducibility of Alginate Encapsulation of Pancreatic Islets Using the MTT Colorimetric Assay (1994)

Radioisotope diffusion experiments demonstrate that alginate/polyaminoacid encapsulation can prevent antibody and cytotoxic cell contact in vitro. The unpredictable outcome of xenotransplantation of encapsulated islets may reflect incomplete encapsulation. We have assessed a cytotoxic/MTT (tetrazolium) assay to test antibody permeability of capsules. Samples of free porcine islet tissue, and islet tissue encapsulated in alginate/poly-L-lysine/alginate microspheres were incubated with fresh autologous pig serum or normal human serum overnight. Cell metabolism was assessed by the MTT assay. Data from eight experiments (10 replicates/experiment) were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Values were deemed significant when p < 0.05. Free islets cultured in human serum showed a significant reduction in metabolism when compared with islets cultured in pig serum: percentage reduction 52 +/- 23% (mean +/- SD). The differences in formazan production were significant in all experiments (p < 0.05). Alginate encapsulation of islets or removal of xenoreactive antibodies in human serum by adsorption was shown to prevent the effects of complement-mediated lysis. However, in one of the eight experiments, there was a significant reduction in islet metabolism after exposure of encapsulated porcine islets to human serum. In conclusion, it has been shown that alginate encapsulation can prevent complement-mediated lysis. However, the encapsulation process employed was imperfect and did not prevent complement-mediated lysis of porcine islets in all experiments. The cytotoxicity/MTT assay allows investigation of the permeability of capsules to serum antibodies and could be performed to determine the viability of the islets and the integrity of microcapsules prior to transplantation.
CRISPR Spherical Nucleic Acids (2022)

The use of CRISPR/Cas9 systems in genome editing has been limited by the inability to efficiently deliver the key editing components to and across tissues and cell membranes, respectively. Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanostructures that provide privileged access to both but have yet to be explored as a means of facilitating gene editing. Herein, a new class of CRISPR SNAs are designed and evaluated in the context of genome editing. Specifically, Cas9 ProSNAs comprised of Cas9 cores densely modified with DNA on their exteriors and preloaded with single-guide RNA were synthesized and evaluated for their genome editing capabilities in the context of multiple cell lines. The radial orientation of the DNA on the Cas9 protein surface enhances cellular uptake, without the need for electroporation or transfection agents. In addition, the Cas9 proteins defining the cores of the ProSNAs were fused with GALA peptides on their N-termini and nuclear localization signals on their C-termini to facilitate endosomal escape and maximize nuclear localization and editing efficiency, respectively. These constructs were stable against protease digestion under conditions that fully degrade the Cas9 protein, when not transformed into an SNA, and used to achieve genome editing efficiency between 32 and 47%. Taken together, these novel constructs and advances point toward a way of significantly broadening the scope of use and impact of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing systems.
Co-expression of urotensin II and its receptor (GPR14) in human cardiovascular and renal tissues (2001)

These data suggest that urinary hUII is derived mainly from a renal source, and that hUII functions as an autocrine/paracrine vasoactive factor not only in the cardiovascular system, but also in the kidney, with an as yet unspecified function.
Long period fibre gratings photoinscribed in a microstructured polymer optical fibre by UV radiation (2009)

Long period gratings were written step-by-step in microstructured poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibre using a continuous wave HeCd laser at 325nm irradiating the fibre with a power of 1mW. The grating had a length of 2 cm and a period of 1mm. A series of cladding mode coupling resonances were observed throughout the spectral region studied of 600 to 1100nm. The resonance wavelengths were shown to be sensitive to both surrounding refractive index and the water content of the polymer fibre.
Thermal stability of five sintered rare-earth–cobalt magnet types (1988)

Five commercially available magnet types—SmCo5, high- and low-coercivity Sm2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)17, (Sm,Ce)(Co,Cu,Mn)7, and Ce(Co,Cu,Fe)5—were systematically studied to obtain a comprehensive overview of the following magnetic properties of interest to the user: reversible and irreversible losses during thermal cycling between 20 °C and 250 °C; open-circuit remanent flux loss during aging at 150 °C and 250 °C up to 2100 h, at permeances of p=−2.5 and −0.5. Room-temperature demagnetization curves before and after aging are compared to distinguish recoverable (magnetic) from irrecoverable (structural) aging effects. The Sm0.5Ce0.5(Co,Cu,Mn)7 magnets had the best long-term stability under all test conditions, followed by the high-Hc 2-17 and SmCo5. The low-Hc 2-17 exhibited the greatest absolute flux loss under all conditions, but it stabilized fairly well after 10 h, and the loss was recoverable by remagnetizing. In contrast, for Ce(Co,Cu,Fe)5 the losses continued up to 2100 h without a sign of flux stabilization.
Loss of immune tolerance to IL-2 in type 1 diabetes (2016)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by a chronic, progressive autoimmune attack against pancreas-specific antigens, effecting the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. Here we show interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a non-pancreatic autoimmune target in T1D. Anti-IL-2 autoantibodies, as well as T cells specific for a single orthologous epitope of IL-2, are present in the peripheral blood of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and patients with T1D. In NOD mice, the generation of anti-IL-2 autoantibodies is genetically determined and their titre increases with age and disease onset. In T1D patients, circulating IgG memory B cells specific for IL-2 or insulin are present at similar frequencies. Anti-IL-2 autoantibodies cloned from T1D patients demonstrate clonality, a high degree of somatic hypermutation and nanomolar affinities, indicating a germinal centre origin and underscoring the synergy between cognate autoreactive T and B cells leading to defective immune tolerance.
A SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC INCIDENT DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT (1995)

Of utmost importance for an efficiently functioning system for Automatic Incident Detection and Management (AIDM) is a method of reliably detecting and pinpointing incidents at any given time and place in the road network. This is possible applying the MAVE principle. In accordance with this motorists can be specifically informed about incidents so that they directly comprehend the nature of a warning signal, e.g. flashing yellow indicator, or variable speed-limit displays. By thus enabling motorists to recognise the necessity of adapting their driving pattern to the incident in question, we can increase road safety in black spots. This has been proven by the results achieved with two AIDM systems on motorways in Germany. In each case accident figures were approximately halved. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 882109.
Hybrid power switch concept (2002)

Although there are a number of excellent high pulsed power switches ranging from FETs to thyratrons to SCRs, each different type of switch suffers from constraints related to the physics of that type of switching technology. A hybrid high-power electronic switching module consists of a combination of well-chosen switching elements working together to optimize the switching over the entire cycle. Each aspect of switching-turn on, conduction and turn off-can be handled by a power device that is best suited to that function. Thus, for certain applications, it is possible to develop a hybrid power switch with superior performance in efficiency as compared to existing monolithic power switches. While hybrid power switches offer gains in conduction efficiency, they have the drawback of a lower operating frequency and higher degree of complexity and cost. As a result, hybrid switches are well suited for applications requiring long conduction times with thermal cooling problems coming from high conduction losses. The general issues relating to hybrid switch and switch configurations are presented and discussed.
Relay selection approaches for wireless cooperative networks (2010)

Wireless networks are characterized by having limited resources accessed by a large number of mobile stations with distinct capabilities. In such challenged environment the dynamic control of resources is of major importance to mitigate the limitations of wireless networks, such as the impact of low data rate stations and wireless channel oscillations. Such augmented usage of wireless resources can be implemented based upon cooperative relaying schemes, which have the potential to support the desired system performance and network lifetime. However, the introduction of cooperative relay raises several problems such as the issue for relay selection and resource allocation. Due to the significant number of different cooperative relaying approaches, this article aims to provide a systematic analysis and classification of major relay selection procedures, and to identify open research directions as well as the most suitable evaluation methods for an efficient analysis of different approaches.
Spermidine metabolism in parasitic protozoa - a comparison to the situation in prokaryotes, viruses, plants and fungi (2003)

Targeting polyamines of parasitic protozoa in chemotherapy has attracted attention because polyamines might reveal novel drug targets for antiparasite therapies (Müller et al. 2001). The biological function of the triamine spermidine in parasitic protozoa has not been studied in great detail although the results obtained mainly imply three different functions, i.e., cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and biosynthesis of macromolecules. Sequence information from the malaria genome project databases and inhibitor studies provide evidence that the current status of spermidine research has to be extended since enzymes of spermidine metabolism are present in the parasite (Kaiser et al. 2001). Isolation and characterisation of these enzymes, i.e., deoxyhypusine synthase (EC 1.1.1.249) (DHS) and homospermidine synthase (EC 2.5.1.44) (HSS) might lead to valuable new targets in drug therapy. Currently research on spermidine metabolism is based on the deposition of the deoxyhypusine synthase nucleic acid sequence in GenBank while the activity of homospermidine synthase was deduced from inhibitor studies. Spermidine biosynthesis is catalyzed by spermidine synthase (EC 2.5.1.16) which transfers an aminopropyl moiety from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to putrescine. Spermidine is also an important precursor in the biosynthesis of the unusual amino acid hypusine (Wolff et al. 1995) and the uncommon triamine homospermidine in eukaryotes, in particular in pyrrolizidine alkaloid-producing plants (Ober and Hartmann 2000). Hypusine is formed by a two-step enzymatic mechanism starting with the transfer of an aminobutyl moiety from spermidine to the epsilon-amino group of one of the lysine residues in the precursor protein of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF5A by DHS (Lee and Park 2000). The second step of hypusinylation is completed by deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.9929) (Abbruzzese et al. 1985). Homospermidine formation in eukaryotes parallels deoxyhypusine formation in the way that in an NAD(+)-dependent reaction an aminobutyl moiety is transferred from spermidine. In the case of homospermidine synthase, however the acceptor is putrescine. Thus the triamine homospermidine consists of two symmetric aminobutyl moieties while there is one aminobutyl and one aminopropyl moiety present in spermidine. Here, we review the metabolism of the triamine spermidine with particular focus on the biosynthesis of hypusine and homospermidine in parasitic protozoa, i.e., Plasmodium, Trypanosoma and Leishmania, compared to that in prokaryotes i.e., Escherichia coli, a phytopathogenic virus and pyrrolizidine alkaloid-producing plants (Asteraceae) and fungi.
Nucleotide Sequence of cDNA and Derived Amino Acid Sequence of Rabbit Complement Component C3 α-Chain (1986)

The nucleotide sequence coding for 726 amino acid residues of the alpha-chain of rabbit C3 was determined from a cDNA clone. Subfragments of the cDNA produced by restriction endonucleases were inserted into the bacteriophage M13 and sequenced using the dideoxynucleotide technique. The derived amino acid sequence was compared with those of human and mouse C3, which have been previously reported [by De Brujn, M.H.L. and Fey, G.H. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. sci. USA 82, 708, and Westel, R.A. et al. (1984) J. Biol. chem. 259, 13857, respectively]. There was 79% or 78% homology in amino acid sequence between rabbit and human or mouse C3, respectively. All of the cysteinyl residues were conserved among the three molecules, and the sequence around the thioester site was also highly conserved. Several regions having low homology were found: one of them was the small fragment released by factor I cleavage.
Structure of Blue Phase III of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (2011)

We report large scale simulations of the blue phases of cholesteric liquid crystals. Our results suggest a structure for blue phase III, the blue fog, which has been the subject of a long debate in liquid crystal physics. We propose that blue phase III is an amorphous network of disclination lines, which is thermodynamically and kinetically stabilized over crystalline blue phases at intermediate chiralities. This amorphous network becomes ordered under an applied electric field, as seen in experiments.
Simple Photolithic Masks of Mathematical Curves (1972)

A method for cutting photolithic masks using a desk calculator coupled with an X-Y recorder is outlined. The method is especially adaptable for cutting mathematical curves where frequent changes in parameters are desired.
The Role of Macrophages in Wallerian Degeneration (1997)

The present review focuses on macrophage properties in Wallerian degeneration. The identification of hematogenous phagocytes, the involvement of cell surface receptors and soluble factors, the state of activation during myelin removal and the signals and factors leading to macrophage recruitment into degenerating peripheral nerves after nerve transection are reviewed. The main effector cells in Wallerian degeneration are hematogenous phagocytes. Resident macrophages and Schwann cells play a minor role in myelin removal. The macrophage complement receptor type 3 is the main surface receptor involved in myelin recognition and uptake. The signals leading to macrophage recruitment are heterogenous and not yet defined in detail. Degenerating myelin and axons are suggested to participate. The relevance of these findings for immune-mediated demyelination are discussed since the definition of the role of macrophages might lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of demyelination.
Effective dielectric constant of periodic composite materials (1996)

We present computer simulation data for the effective permittivity (in the quasistatic limit) of a system composed of discrete inhomogeneities of permittivity ε1, embedded in a three-dimensional homogeneous matrix of permittivity ε2. The primary purpose of this paper is to study the related issue of the effect of the geometric shape of the components on the dielectric properties of the medium. The secondary purpose is to analyse how the spatial arrangement in these two-phase materials affects the effective permittivity. The structures considered are periodic lattices of inhomogeneities. The numerical method proceeds by an algorithm based upon the resolution of boundary integral equations. Finally, we compare the prediction of our numerical simulation with the effective medium approach and with results of previous analytical works and numerical experiments.
Pathway analysis of genome-wide association studies on rheumatoid arthritis. (2013)

The application of ICSNPathway analysis to the meta-analysis results of RA GWAS datasets indicated candidate SNPs and pathways involving HLA-DMA, PTPN22, and TNAIP3 associated with RA susceptibility.
Prenatal Diagnosis Innovation: Genome Sequencing of Maternal Plasma (2015)

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is accomplished by analysis of circulating cell-free fetal nucleic acids in maternal plasma. The advent of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has enabled NIPT of chromosomal aneuploidies with unprecedented robustness, and these tests are now widely available for clinical use. Moreover, MPS-based NIPT of subchromosomal deletions/duplications and single-gene disorders has also been achieved, and the number of applications is growing. In addition to specific fetal genetic disorders, the whole fetal genome, transcriptome, and methylome have been revealed by deep sequencing of maternal plasma. The analysis of the fetal transcriptome and methylome may yield valuable information on fetal and maternal health. With continued improvement in sequencing technology and reduction in sequencing costs, the analysis of cell-free nucleic acids would play an increasingly important role in prenatal screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and risk stratification of fetal as well as maternal conditions.
Understanding Deontics from a Preference Perspective (2010)

SOCREAL 2010: 2nd International Workshop on Philosophy and Ethics of Social Reality. Sapporo, Japan, 2010-03-27/28. Keynote Lecture 2
Studies on Organophosphorus Compounds, 53: A New Procedure for the Synthesis of 1-Alkyl or 1-Aryl-1-hydroxy-2-nitroethylphoshonates under PTC Conditions (1992)

A series of dialkyl 1-alkyl- or 1-aryl-1-hydroxy-2-nitroethyl-phosphonates and 1-hydroxy-1-(nitromethyl)alkylphosphonates was prepared by nucleophilic addition of nitromethane to dialkyl acylphosphonates in the presence of potassium carbonate and tetrabutylammonium bromide.
Reversible watermark using difference expansion of quads (2004)

A reversible watermarking algorithm with very high data hiding capacity has been developed for colored images. The algorithm allows the watermarking process to be reversed to restore the original image exactly. The algorithm hides triplets of bits in the difference expansion of quads of adjacent pixels. The necessary difference expansion transform and its inverse is derived for quads. Also, the necessary conditions to avoid under- and overflow are derived. The algorithm can also be applied recursively, to maximize the amount of data that can be hidden into an image. Simulation results show that the algorithm can hide a bit-rate as high as 3.3 bits/colored pixel while maintaining an image quality level of 33.5 dB.