gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of adhesion between copper foil and polyimide film containing thermally decomposable polystyrene particles (2012)

Abstract A facile method was developed to synthesize porous polyimide (PI) films with enhanced adhesion to Cu foil. Various amounts (0.1–4 wt %) of polystyrene (PS) spheres with the diameter of 250 nm were mixed with the PI precursor synthesized from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′‐oxydianiline in N , N ′‐dimethylacetamide. PS was decomposed during thermal imidization process to create the porous PI structure. The increase in surface area and surface roughness was observed from the obtained porous PI films and was a function of the PS content up to 4 wt %. A significant improvement in the adhesion strength between porous PI film and Cu foil, which was determined by 90° peel test, was achieved. The adhesion strength of PI containing 4 wt % PS to Cu was 1.53 kgf/cm compared with pure PI of 1.08 kgf/cm. Meanwhile, the synthesized porous PI films exhibit sufficient mechanical strength and thermal stability for practical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Nitrogen depth profiling in thin oxynitride layers on silicon (2006)

Abstract This paper describes the results of nitrogen depth profiling in nanometer oxynitride layers on silicon, employing dynamic SIMS and time‐of‐flight SIMS. The surface transient effect was studied using surface encapsulation method, and the attractive possibility of time‐of‐flight SIMS profiling with low energy Cs sputtering was demonstrated. Quantification of the nitrogen profiles was performed after a detailed study of the matrix effect in order to correct for the ion yield difference at the oxynitride/silicon interface. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QoE assessment of multimedia video consumption on tablet devices (2012)

In this paper we present a study aimed at assessing the Quality of Experience in video streaming when the user is employing a tablet devices. The study has been conducted on a database containing subjective assessment scores relative to 216 streaming sessions of video sequences encoded with H.264/AVC and corrupted by typical wireless channel transmission errors. Four 20sec-long video sequences at Common Intermediate Format (CIF) spatial resolution have been corrupted with 54 combinations of key parameters for the reference application: bitrate, packet loss rate, playout delay and transmission interruption. Subjective evaluations have been collected in compliance with ITU-T Recommendation P.910 through singlestimulus Absolute Category Rating (ACR) from 40 subjects. The videos were reproduced on two different tablet devices: on an Apple iPad 2 and on a Samsung Galaxy Tab GT-P1000. Subjective observations include the perceived quality considering all aspects of the fruition chain, from the coding to the environment and device specific issues. The evaluation results also provided several remarks that can be helpful in designing systems and applications for multimedia contents played back on tablets. The results show a good correlation between subjective observations and some impairments so that a simple QoE index is proposed. A correlation study between subjective assessment and objective metrics is also provided.
Nanoscale heating of laser irradiated single gold nanoparticles in liquid (2011)

Biological applications where nanoparticles are used in a cell environment with laser irradiation are rapidly emerging. Investigation of the localized heating effect due to the laser irradiation on the particle is required to preclude unintended thermal effects. While bulk temperature rise can be determined using macroscale measurement methods, observation of the actual temperature within the nanoscale domain around the particle is difficult and here we propose a method to measure the local temperature around a single gold nanoparticle in liquid, using white light scattering spectroscopy. Using 40-nm-diameter gold nanoparticles coated with thermo-responsive polymer, we monitored the localized heating effect through the plasmon peak shift. The shift occurs due to the temperature-dependent refractive index change in surrounding polymer medium. The results indicate that the particle experiences a temperature rise of around 10 degrees Celsius when irradiated with tightly focused irradiation of ~1 mW at 532 nm.
Demonstration of islet-autoreactive CD8 T cells in insulitic lesions from recent onset and long-term type 1 diabetes patients (2012)

A direct association of islet-autoreactive T cells with β cell destruction in human pancreatic islets from type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients has never been demonstrated, and little is known about disease progression after diagnosis. Frozen pancreas samples were obtained from 45 cadaveric T1D donors with disease durations ranging from 1 wk to >50 yr, 14 nondiabetic controls, 5 nondiabetics with islet autoantibodies, 2 cases of gestational diabetes, and 6 T2D patients. Sections were systematically analyzed for the presence of insulin-sufficient β cells, CD8(+) insulitic lesions, and HLA class I hyperexpression. Finally, consecutive sections from HLA-A2-expressing individuals were probed for CD8 T cell reactivity against six defined islet autoantigens associated with T1D by in situ tetramer staining. Both single and multiple CD8 T cell autoreactivities were detected within individual islets in a subset of patients up to 8 yr after clinical diagnosis. Pathological features such as HLA class I hyperexpression and insulitis were specific for T1D and persisted in a small portion of the patients with longstanding disease. Insulitic lesions consistently presented in a multifocal pattern with varying degrees of infiltration and β cell loss across affected organs. Our observations provide the first direct proof for islet autoreactivity within human islets and underscore the heterogeneous and chronic disease course.
Repeated freezing and thawing of peripheral blood and DNA in suspension: effects on DNA yield and integrity. (1990)

The possibility of DNA degradation is of concern to all involved in the storage of DNA, whether for diagnostic or research purposes. Many DNA banks are at present maintained at low temperatures, but optimum conditions for storage and handling have yet to be fully assessed. Both DNA and fresh blood have been subjected to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing and DNA extracted from the blood. DNA yield has been established and integrity examined by digestion, electrophoresis, and Southern blot analysis using DNA fingerprinting techniques. No degradation of DNA could be detected using these techniques; however, DNA yield was shown to be adversely affected by freezing, with yield reduced by more than 25% in blood samples frozen only once.
Novel Vaccination Strategies (2004)

Colour Plates.PART I.1. Challenges for the Vaccine Developer, including Correlates of Protection (G. Nossal). PART II: VACCINATION AND IMMUNE RESPONSE.2. Shaping Adaptive Immunity against Pathogens: The Contribution of Innate Immune Responses (S. Ehlers & S. Bulfone-Paus).3. Adjuvant-induced Th2- and Th1 -dominated Immune Responses in Vaccination (J. Brewer & K. Pollock).4. Memory (A. Ploss & E. Pamer).5. T-Cell based Vaccines (K. Huster, et al.). PART III: ADJUVANTS.6. Microbial Adjuvants (K. Heeg, et al.). 7. Host-derived Adjuvants (N. Hilf, et al.). 8. Microparticles as Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems (D. O'Hagan & M. Singh).9. Liposomes and ISCOMs (G. Kersten, et al.). 10. Virosomal Technology and Mucosal Adjuvants (J. Viret, et al.). PART IV: CLASSICAL AND NOVEL VACCINATION STRATEGIES: A COMPARISON.11. Classical Bacterial Vaccines (T. Ebensen, et al.). 12. Subunit Vaccines and Toxoids (M. Lattanzi, et al.). 13. Engineering Virus Vectors for Subunit Vaccines (J. Nkolola & T. Hanke).14. Update on Antiviral DNA Vaccine Research (2000-2003) (D. Franke, et al.).15. Live Recombinant Bacterial Vaccines (S. Clare & G. Dougan).16. Mucosal Vaccination (W. Olszewska & P. Openshaw).17. Passive Vaccination and Antidotes: A Novel Strategy for Generation of Wide-spectrum Protective Antibodies (A. Cassone & L. Polonelli).18. Plant-based Oral Vaccines (K. Wang, et al.). 19. Virus-like Particles: Combining Innate and Adaptive Immunity for Effective Vaccination (M. Bachmann & G. Jennings). PART V: VACCINES FOR SPECIFIC TARGETS.20. Helicobacter Pylori (P. Ruggiero, et al.). 21. Novel Vaccination Strategies against Tuberculosis (S. Kaufmann).22. Rationale for Malaria Vaccine Development (A. Saul, et al.).23. Vaccine for Specific Targets: HIV (R. Kay, et al.). 24. Vaccines against Bioterror Agents (K. Elkins, et al.). PART VI: VACCINES IN THE REAL WORLD: SAFETY, COST EFFICIENCY AND IMPACT OF VACCINATION.25. Imperfect Vaccines and the Evolution of Pathogen Virulence (P. Ewald).26. Cost-Effectiveness of Vaccinations (T. Szucs).27. Immunological Safety of Vaccines: Facts, Hypothesis and Allegations (M. Goldman & P. Lambert). Index.
Spiritual issues in counseling: Clients' beliefs and preferences. (2001)

The current study assessed psychotherapy clients' beliefs about the appropriateness of discussing religious and spiritual concerns in counseling, clients' preferences for such discussion, and identified explanatory variables for these beliefs and preferences. These variables were assessed using the Client Attitudes toward Spirituality in Therapy survey; the Index of Spiritual Experiences (J. D. Kass, R. Friedman, J. Leserman, P. C. Zuttermeister, & H. Benson, 1991); the Expectations About Counsel-ing-Brief Form (H. E. A. Tinsley, 1982); the Religious scale of the Counseling Appropriateness Check List (R. Warman, 1960); the Socially Desirable Response Set-5 Scale (R. D. Hays, T. Hayashi, & A. L. Stewart, 1989); and the Religion Section of the Mooney Problem Check List-Adult Form (L. V. Gordon & R. L. Mooney, 1950). Clients believed religious concerns were appropriate for discussion in counseling and had a preference for discussing spiritual and religious issues in counseling. Spiritual experience was the most potent variable for explaining preferences for discussing spiritual issues. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
SCARLET Photovoltaic Concentrator Array Selected for Flight Under NASA's New Millennium Program (1997)

The NASA Lewis Research Center continues to demonstrate its expertise in the development and implementation of advanced space power systems. For example, during the past year, the NASA New Millennium Program selected the Solar Concentrator Array with Refractive Linear Element Technology (SCARLET) photovoltaic array as the power system for its Deep Space-1 (DS-1) mission. This Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) managed DS-1 mission, which represents the first operational flight of a photovoltaic concentrator array, will provide a baseline for the use of this technology in a variety of future government and commercial applications. SCARLET is a joint NASA Lewis/Ballistic Missile Defense Organization program to develop advanced photovoltaic array technology that uses a unique refractive concentrator design to focus sunlight onto a line of photovoltaic cells located below the optical element. The general concept is based on previous work conducted at Lewis under a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract with AEC-Able Engineering, Inc., for the Multiple Experiments to Earth Orbit and Return (METEOR) spacecraft. The SCARLET II design selected by the New Millennium Program is a direct adaptation of the smaller SCARLET I array built for METEOR. Even though SCARLET I was lost during a launch failure in October 1995, the hardware (designed, built, and flight qualified within 6 months) provided invaluable information and experience that led to the selection of this technology as the primary power source for DS-1.
Chemical Vapor Deposited Diamond: Maturity and Diversity (2003)

Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond materials, grown from low pressure gases activated by plasmas, hot filaments, and combustion flames, were a novelty and scientific curiosity several decades ago. Now, CVD diamond is a maturing material with a wide variety of technological impacts, and with even more exciting applications to come in the future.
Plantlet Production of Swietenia macrophylla King through Tissue Culture (1988)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Transcatheter aortic and mitral valve interventions: update 2010 (2010)

In recent years, the cardiovascular community has witnessed the advent of new, transcatheter-based beating-heart approaches to valvular heart disease. Since the mid-1980s, when balloon valvuloplasty of stenosed aortic valves and percutaneous commissurotomy in mitral stenosis were introduced into clinical practice, interventional valve therapy has seen a tremendous upsurge. Today, transcatheter aortic valve implantation has become a viable treatment alternative for selective cases at specialized centers. While transcatheter aortic valve implantation is currently restricted to high-risk patients and surgical aortic valve replacement remains the reference treatment, broader clinical application can be anticipated for the future. Nonsurgical intervention for treatment of mitral regurgitation is a second field of intense investigation. The growing incidence of congestive heart failure in western societies has created an unmet clinical need for less invasive treatment strategies for patients with functional or ...
Growth Kinetics and Electronic Properties of Passive Film of Nickel in Borate Buffer Solution (2014)

Borate 완충용액에서 Ni의 부동화 피막의 생성과정(growth kinetics)과 부동화 피막의 전기적 성질을 변전위법, 대 시간 전류법 그리고 단일 주파수 또는 다중 주파수 전기화학적 임피던스 측정법으로 조사하였다. 이때 생성되는 산화피막은 Mott-Schottky 식이 적용되는 p-형 반도체 성질을 보였으며, 낮은 전극전위에서 생성되는 Ni의 부동화 피막 <TEX>$Ni(OH)_2$</TEX>는 전극 전위가 증가하면서 NiO, NiO(OH)로 변화되는 것을 알 수 있었다. In a borate buffer solution, the growth kinetics and the electronic properties of passive film on nickel were investigated, using the potentiodynamic method, chronoamperometry, and single- or multi-frequency electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The oxide film formed during the passivation process of nickel has showed the electronic properties of p-type semiconductor, which follow from the Mott-Schottky equation. It was found out that the passive film (<TEX>$Ni(OH)_2$</TEX>) of Ni formed in the low electrode potential changes to NiO and NiO(OH) while the electrode potential increases.
Sparse matrix solvers on the GPU (2003)

Many computer graphics applications require high-intensity numerical simulation. We show that such computations can be performed efficiently on the GPU, which we regard as a full function streaming processor with high floating-point performance. We implemented two basic, broadly useful, computational kernels: a sparse matrix conjugate gradient solver and a regular-grid multigrid solver . Real time applications ranging from mesh smoothing and parameterization to fluid solvers and solid mechanics can greatly benefit from these, evidence our example applications of geometric flow and fluid simulation running on NVIDIA's GeForce FX.
Comparison of Three Selection Procedures for Development of Early‐Maturing Soybean Lines (1991)

Northern‐latitude soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeders are interested in breeding procedures that will efficiently extract high‐yielding Maturity Group (MG) 0 and MG I genotypes from crosses involving MG II and III parents. The objective of this research was to compare the efficiency of three selection procedures: pedigree, single‐seed descent, and single‐seed descent with early‐maturity selection for extraction of MG 0 and I genotypes. Four populations derived from crosses of parents of MG 00 and 0 with parents of MG II and III were used to evaluate the selection procedures. Twenty‐seven F 5 lines of MG I or earlier were selected for each procedure in each population and were evaluated for yield, maturity, plant height, lodging, seed weight, and lengths of the reproductive (R1–R7) and seed filling (R4–R7) periods. No consistent yield advantages were evident for any breeding procedure when the mean yield of all lines, or the top three yielding lines from each maturity set were compared. In addition, no consistent differences were apparent among the selection procedures for maturity, height, lodging, seed weight, or lengths of the R1‐R7 and R4‐R7 periods. Because it required the least resources, the SSDE procedure emerged as the most cost‐effective procedure.
A dynamic load balancing algorithm for a heterogeneous computing environment (1996)

Heterogeneous computing opens up new challenges and opportunities in fields such as parallel processing, design of algorithms for applications, partitioning and mapping of parallel tasks, interconnection network technology and the design of heterogeneous programming environments. Lots of load balancing algorithms have been proposed and experimented with in the past years for homogeneous parallel and distributed systems. The author presents a priority-based decay usage load balancing algorithm for a heterogeneous computing environment. The algorithm determines the task precedence graph of the parallel jobs dynamically at run-time and assigns appropriate priorities to the processes to resolve the dependencies. The heuristic algorithm has been tested on some heterogeneous program models.
Formaldehyde as an Inhibitor of Corrosion Caused by Hydrogen Sulphide (1946)

Abstract This paper discusses the results of an investigation made to develop a methodof combatting corrosion of subsurface oil-well equipment caused by brinescontaining hydrogen sulphide. Carbon monoxide, aldehydes, and certain cyanidecompounds were found by laboratory tests to effectively inhibit corrosion ofsteel by sulphide brines. Experiments were made for one year in eight wells inWest Texas fields using formaldehyde as an inhibitor. It was found that theinhibitor treatment successfully prevented the severe corrosion previouslyexperienced in these wells, and effected important net savings in operatingcosts. Introduction Corrosion of oil-field equipment has long been a problem in areas producingsour crudes. These areas include the major fields of Arkansas, Western Kansas, West Texas and New Mexico. Corrosion in these fields is caused primarily by thechemical action of hydrogen sulphide in the presence of water and by electriccurrents entering the wells through flow lines. Hydrogen sulphide isnon-corrosive to iron or steel in the absence of water but under the usualconditions prevailing in oil wells where more or less water is present, hydrogen sulphide is very corrosive. This type of corrosion occurs over the pHrange below 9, which includes all natural oil-field brines. If air is presentin addition to hydrogen sulphide and water, corrosion proceeds at an extremelyrapid rate. It was reported several years ago that a string of oil-well tubingwas literally dissolved within 50 days where an air lift was used on a wellproducing considerable water and hydrogen sulphide. Air is generally absent inwells producing sour crude. After hydrogen sulphide corrosion starts, it proceeds with increasing severityand its correction becomes progressively more difficult. This characteristic ofsulphide corrosion has been attributed to the formation of galvanic couplesbetween the iron and steel equipment on one hand and the products of corrosionon the other. Severe corrosion of subsurface oil-well equipment leads to a multitude oftroubles. In addition to destruction of costly equipment, producing sands oftenare damaged by flooding with water leaking through corroded casing; badmechanical conditions may develop in a well due to obstructions caused bycorroded equipment lost in the hole, or partly collapsed casing; pumpingoperations are interfered with, and severe emulsification problems may resultfrom the homogenizing action of corroded balls and seats. A typical case of severe corrosion caused by hydrogen sulphide was reported inHoward County, Texas, where it was necessary to pull tubing once a week torepair leaks after the tubing had been in use for only one year. On one well inthis area a string of tubing was pulled II times in 8 months; II joints oftubing being replaced because of leaks. T.P. 1970
Thieno[3,4-<i>b</i>]-1,4-oxathiane:  An Unsymmetrical Sulfur Analogue of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as a Building Block for Linear π-Conjugated Systems (2002)

[reaction: see text] An unsymmetrical analogue of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) has been synthesized by transetherification of 3,4-dimethoxythiophene. Electropolymerization leads to a stable electroactive polymer with electrochemical and electronic properties intermediate between those of the two symmetrical parent polymers poly(EDOT) and poly(3,4-ethylenedithiathiophene). Experimental work shows that the 2- and 5-positions possess a different reactivity, thus opening the possibility of synthesizing regioregular oligomers or polymers.
Modulation of microglia can attenuate neuropathic pain symptoms and enhance morphine effectiveness. (2009)

Microglia play a crucial role in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis in the central nervous system, and microglia production of immune factors is believed to play an important role in nociceptive transmission. There is increasing evidence that uncontrolled activation of microglial cells under neuropathic pain conditions induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin - IL-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor - TNF-alpha), complement components (C1q, C3, C4, C5, C5a) and other substances that facilitate pain transmission. Additionally, microglia activation can lead to altered activity of opioid systems and neuropathic pain is characterized by resistance to morphine. Pharmacological attenuation of glial activation represents a novel approach for controlling neuropathic pain. It has been found that propentofylline, pentoxifylline, fluorocitrate and minocycline decrease microglial activation and inhibit proinflammatory cytokines, thereby suppressing the development of neuropathic pain. The results of many studies support the idea that modulation of glial and neuroimmune activation may be a potential therapeutic mechanism for enhancement of morphine analgesia. Researchers and pharmacological companies have embarked on a new approach to the control of microglial activity, which is to search for substances that activate anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10. IL-10 is very interesting since it reduces allodynia and hyperalgesia by suppressing the production and activity of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6. Some glial inhibitors, which are safe and clinically well tolerated, are potential useful agents for treatment of neuropathic pain and for the prevention of tolerance to morphine analgesia. Targeting glial activation is a clinically promising method for treatment of neuropathic pain.
Iohexol in Serum Determined by Capillary Electrophoresis (1992)

Iohexol, a nonionic compound used as a contrast medium for angiography and as a measure of the glomerular filtration rate, was quantified in serum by capillary electrophoresis. Comparable results were obtained for serum samples deproteinized with acetonitrile or analyzed directly after 50-fold dilution with borate buffer. Serum samples were electrophoresed for 2.6 min at 12 kV in a borate buffer with detection at 254 nm and with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine as internal standard. Acetonitrile deproteinization gave a greater sensitivity than did sample dilution. Between-run CVs were between 4.7% and 6.7%, and within-run CVs were between 2.5 and 3.2%. Analytical recoveries were 95-105%. Results of the method compared well with those by high-performance liquid chromatography (slope 0.96, intercept 0.005 g/L). This method demonstrates the potential of capillary electrophoresis for rapid and simple quantification of small molecules.