gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using the Results from Automated Petroleum Engineering Calculations to Accelerate Decision Workflows (2014)

Abstract With the advent and common usage of high resolution tree gauges, downhole permanent pressure/temperature gauges, and continuous flow measurement, many of the common petroleum engineering calculations and analysis tools for production systems can and have been automated. These include: a) Well Test Analysis, b) Well Productivity, c) Static and Flowing Material Balances and Energy Balances. In addition, the use of rigorous wellbore thermal and phase behavior models allows the two gauges (wellhead and downhole) to be used as a giant differential pressure meter – making it possible to calculate gas rates and water cuts independently of the flow measurements, as well as mid-completion bottomhole pressure (BHP). The purpose of this paper is to present the basic physics involved in these calculations/analyses, as well as to discuss the implications that these processes will have on instrumentation selection and on engineering work flows. The crux of the argument for these types of automated systems is that it is much easier for an engineer to check the results than to spend his/her entire day just looking for useful information in the database, then analyzing it (or getting someone else to analyze it). Furthermore, being able to see the “big picture” – seeing what skin, perm, productivity and apparent hydrocarbon reservoir volumes are now and how they have changed with time, allows engineers to make quicker, more accurate decisions. The use of automated analysis also reduces bias – the computer doesn't care what the answer is. This paper will also include several case studies for both oil and gas wells.
Pandemic influenza and pediatric intensive care* (2010)

We recommend that a model, with assumptions that can be adapted with new information obtained during early stages of the pandemic that is evolving, be an integral part of a preparedness plan for a pandemic influenza with new human transmissible agent like influenza A virus.
The role of subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis: Reduction of cartilage degeneration and prevention of osteophyte formation by alendronate in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model (2004)

Subchondral bone remodeling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OA. ALN or other inhibitors of bone resorption could potentially be used as disease-modifying agents in the treatment of OA.
Pressure ulcer prevention: An efficient turning schedule for bed-bound patients (2011)

Pressure ulcer is a critical problem for bed-ridden and wheelchair-bound patients, diabetics, and the elderly. Patients need to be regularly repositioned to prevent excessive pressure on a single area of body, which can lead to ulcers. Pressure ulcers are costly to treat and cause many other health problems, including death. The current standard for prevention is to reposition at-risk patients every two hours. This level of attention is becoming increasingly unrealistic for already overworked nursing staff. In this paper, we present a scheduling algorithm that uses data from a pressure mat on the hospital bed to compute a repositioning schedule that minimizes nursing staff interaction while still preventing pressure ulcer formation. Our experimental results show a 30% increase in the average time between repositioning over the standard schedule. Furthermore, some postures were found to be unsafe if not changed for more than one hour.
Kernel based Learning Suitable for Text Categorization (2007)

This research proposes a new strategy where documents are encoded into string vectors for text categorization and modified versions of SVM to be adaptable to string vectors. Traditionally, when the supervised machine learning algorithms are used for pattern classification, raw data should be encoded into numerical vectors. This encoding may be difficult, depending on a given application area of pattern classification. For example, in text categorization, encoding full texts given as raw data into numerical vectors leads to two main problems: huge dimensionality and sparse distribution. In this research, we encode full texts into string vectors, and apply the SVM to string vectors for text categorization.
Single-crystalline (100) Ge networks on insulators by rapid-melting growth along hexagonal mesh-pattern (2011)

Single-crystalline-Ge (c-Ge) networks on insulator films formed on Si substrates are essential for integrating high-speed and multifunctional devices onto the Si-platform. Rapid-melting-growth of mesh-patterned amorphous-Ge is examined over large areas (500×250 μm2). For squared-mesh-pattern, polycrystalline-Ge forms throughout most of the mesh, though c-Ge is obtained near (&lt;100 μm) Si-seed. Based on the consideration of geometric-effects, mesh-patterns are changed to hexagonal. This realizes c-Ge networks over the entire insulator area. These results indicate that Ge growth initiated from Si-seed propagates laterally over the hexagonal-mesh-pattern though bending and branching. These unique c-Ge-networks on insulators facilitate Ge-based advanced-devices on the Si-platform.
Nerve Conduction Defect in Galactose-fed Rats (1972)

Dulcitol accumulation associated with swelling occurs in the peripheral nerves of rats fed a 40 per cent galactose diet. These alterations are associated with a motor nerve conduction velocity defect which is reversible on withdrawal of galactose from the diet. These findings suggest that the accumulation of sugar alcohol plays an important role in the etiology of galactosemic neuropathy.
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma. Report of five cases (1994)

Approximately 67% of MBCC (n = 238) originate from facial sites. Using the data base of the Mohs Surgery Clinic, the authors found that BCC greater than 3 cm in diameter have approximately a 1.9% incidence of metastasis, and the overall rate of metastases for morpheaform BCC is less than 1%. Patients with tumors classified as T3 and T4 lesions ideally should be followed up for 10 or more years for the remote possibility of the development of MBCC.
Operation for coronary artery disease. (2004)

The primary problem of coronary artery disease concerns red blood to the heart muscle. Operative procedures can accomplish this objective. Two operations have been developed for this purpose. One consists of making intercoronary channels by producing an inflammatory reaction on the surface of the heart. Ligation of the coronary sinus is also carried out in this operation. The second operation consists of placing a vein graft between aorta and coronary sinus. Both of these operations are beneficial. One hundred operations have been done. The clinical results have been excellent. Mortality can be kept around 10 per cent depending on the type of patients selected for operation.
Lethal encephalitis and non-lethal multifocal central nervous system demyelination in herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in mice. (1982)

Six-week-old Swiss-Webster mice were infected intracerebrally with a low dose of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and were studied by pathological, virological and immunological methods. One third of mice developed severe neurological disease and died during the first 31/2 weeks of infection, while the remaining two thirds survived this acute stage with relatively minor neurological signs. These survivors had multifocal demyelinative white-matter lesions in the CNS, and gray-matter lesions, if present, were few, small and usually minor. By contrast, groups of mice killed during the acute stage had a much greater proportion of gray-matter lesions, and these were frequently larger and more severe. Two subgroups could be identified in the acute stage. Mice with severe gray-matter disease, high virus titres, abundant viral antigen and later virus clearance had more severe neurological signs leading to death. By contrast, those destined to survive had pupillary signs alone, and pathologically had white-matter lesions of primary demyelination with minimal or no evidence of gray-matter involvement, low levels of detectable virus and earlier virus clearance. These results show that HSV-2 can produce non-lethal CNS disease in a high proportion of mice, even if infected by the intracerebral route, and that the lesions, which may be found throughout the CNS, are mainly in the white matter, and are demyelinative in type. Survivors of this infection may be useful in a search for evidence of herpes-virus persistence in the CNS, and for a role of this virus in chronic demyelinating disease.
Preparation and characterization of prostanoyl carnitine (1972)

Abstract A method is described for the preparation of prostanoyl carnitine from prostanoic acid and L‐carnitine. The crystalline compound exhibits an IR spectrum and chemical reactivity characteristic of long chain acyl carnitine esters and undergoes β‐oxidation in rat liver mitochondria in the absence of exogenous carnitine and ATP. This suggests that it may be an intermediate in the transport of prostanoic acid across the mitochondrial membrane. The data supply additional evidence that prostaglandin‐like substances are converted to the carnitine ester prior to transport in the mitochondrion.
THERMAL STRESSES IN FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS (1999)

Abstract The thermal stress problems of functionally graded materials (FGMs), as one of the advanced high-temperature materials capable of withstanding the extreme temperature environments, are discussed. The FGMs consist of the continuously changing composi tion of two different materials. For example, one is an engineering ceramic to resist the severe thermal loading from the high-temperature environment, and the other is a light metal to maintain the structural rigidity. When the FGMs are subjected to extremely severe thermal loading, large thermal stresses are produced in the FGMs. Therefore, one of the most important problems of FGMs is how to decrease thermal stresses and how to increase heat resistance. The optimal composition profile problems of the FGMs in decreasing thermal stresses are discussed in detail. When FGMs are subjected to extremely severe thermal loading, the FGMs are damaged. The crack initiates on the ceramic surface and propagates in the FGMs. It is important to discuss the thermal stresses in the FGMs with various types of cracks. The thermal stress intensity factors in the FGMs with various types of crack are treated analytically and numerically. The optimal composition profile problems of the FGMs in decreasing thermal stress intensity factor are studied. Finally, the crack propagation paths due to thermal shock are discussed. Keywords: Fracture Mechanics;Functionally Graded Materials;Thermal Stresses
Pseudorandomness (2012)

This is a survey of pseudorandomness, the theory of efficiently generating objects that "look random" despite being constructed using little or no randomness. This theory has significance for a number of areas in computer science and mathematics, including computational complexity, algorithms, cryptography, combinatorics, communications, and additive number theory. Our treatment places particular emphasis on the intimate connections that have been discovered between a variety of fundamental "pseudorandom objects" that at first seem very different in nature: expander graphs, randomness extractors, list-decodable error-correcting codes, samplers, and pseudorandom generators. The structure of the presentation is meant to be suitable for teaching in a graduate-level course, with exercises accompanying each section.
Cocaine and alcohol interactions in the rat: Effect of cocaine and alcohol pretreatments on cocaine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (1999)

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of pretreatment with cocaine and alcohol on cocaine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Four groups of rats (n = 8 per group) received one of the following pretreatments for two weeks: none, alcohol (10% v/v in drinking water), cocaine (15 mg/kg/day ip), and alcohol+cocaine (10% v/v in drinking water + 15 mg/kg/day ip). On the day of the experiment, cocaine was administered (30 mg/kg, ip) to each rat, either alone or in combination with alcohol (5 g/kg, po), in a balanced crossover experimental design. Plasma and brain ECF concentrations of cocaine and its three metabolites: benzoylecgonine, norcocaine, and cocaethylene were assayed by HPLC-UV. The percent change in brain dopamine concentration, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate were determined simultaneously. A sigmoid-E(max) model was used to describe the brain cocaine concentration-neurochemical effect (dopamine) relationship, and an indirect pharmacodynamic response model was used to describe the plasma cocaine concentration-cardiovascular effect relationships. Alcohol pretreatment led to significant increase in cocaine AUC(p), alpha(t1/2), and beta(t1/2). Cocaine pretreatment significantly increased cocaine bioavailability, absorption rate constant, TBC, and the formation clearance of cocaethylene. Acute alcohol coadministration with cocaine increased cocaine AUC(p) and bioavailability, reduced the fraction of cocaine dose converted to benzoylecgonine, and increased the formation of norcocaine. These results indicate that the pharmacokinetics of cocaine, either administered alone or in combination with alcohol, is significantly altered due to prior cocaine and/or alcohol use. Both cocaine and alcohol pretreatments increased the E(max) for dopamine, with no effect on the EC(50). Acute alcohol coadministration with cocaine significantly increased the E(max) for dopamine and reduced the EC(50). Cocaine pretreatment significantly decreased the I(max) for blood pressure, IC(50), and R(max). For the heart rate response, both alcohol and cocaine pretreatments significantly increased the IC(50), with no effect on I(max). These results indicate that both cocaine and alcohol pretreatments as well as acute alcohol coadministration lead to significant alterations in cocaine pharmacodynamics that are due, at least in part, to the changes in cocaine pharmacokinetics. If similar effects occur in humans, chronic cocaine and alcohol abusers may respond differently to cocaine administration compared to naïve users and may be at higher risks of cocaine central nervous system toxicity.
Synthesis of a Few Trimethoxyoxoaporphines (1979)

Unknown compounds, 2, 3, 9-(I) and 1, 2, 9-Trimethoxyoxoaporphine (Ia) were synthesized via Bischler-Napieralski reaction and Pschorr reaction. 1, 2, 10-Trimethoxyoxoaporphine (Ib) was prepared from the corresponding dehydroaporphine by oxidation with peracid. Since the physical properties of the compound are not consistent with the reported data, the structure proposed for a product which was obtained by cleavage reaction with sodium in liquid ammonia of dehydrothalicarpine may be uncorrect.
LVI.—The composition of cows' milk in health and disease (1879)

A. W. Blyth, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1879, 35, 530 DOI: 10.1039/CT8793500530
Diphyllin Acetylapioside, A 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor from Haplophyllum hispanicum (2002)

The topical anti-inflammatory activity of Haplophyllum hispanicum Spach is due to the presence of arylnaphthalene-type lignans acting as 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitors. The effects of the methanolic extract of this species on cellular systems have been determined by HPLC-DAD analysis. Diphyllin acetylapioside proved to be the main lignan endowed with 5-LOX inhibitory activity.
Examination of the fetal brain by transabdominal three-dimensional ultrasound: potential for routine neurosonographic studies (2006)

Multiplanar images obtained by transabdominal 3D ultrasound provide a simple and effective approach for detailed evaluation of the fetal brain anatomy. This technique has the potential to be used in the routine fetal anomaly scan.
Self-tracking charge pump for fast-locking PLL (2010)

Presented is a self-tracking charge pump (ST-CP) that can deliver a non-constant current over the output voltage range for a fast-locking phase-locked loop (PLL). It features a simple self-bias self-tracking architecture that can reduce, simultaneously, the PLL locking time and the current mismatch in charge and discharge phases. Experimentally verified in a 0.18 µm CMOS process, the proposed ST-CP achieves 72% reduction of PLL locking time compared with the conventional one. The core occupies 30 × 60 µm2 and draws 10 µA at 1.8 V.
The volatile and semi‐volatile constituents of agarwood, the infected heartwood of <i>Aquilaria</i> species: a review (2011)

Abstract A compilation of the volatile and semi‐volatile constituents of agarwood, the infected fragrant heartwood of some Aquilaria species , mainly A. malaccensis , A. sinensis and A. crassna , is presented. This high‐priced wood has a long tradition in religious ceremonies as incense and its essential oil is well appreciated in fine perfumery. More than 150 compounds have been identified so far, mostly sesquiterpenoids, chromones and volatile aromatic compounds. The scarce knowledge of their organoleptic properties is summarized. Studies on the chemistry of agarwood smoke are discussed. Emphasis is given to structural and analytical aspects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ganglioside GD3 expression on target cells can modulate NK cell cytotoxicity via siglec‐7‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms (2003)

Siglec-7 is a sialic acid binding receptor with inhibitory potential, expressed on human NK cells and monocytes. It has an unusual binding preference for alpha2,8-linked disialic acids, such as those displayed by ganglioside GD3. Here we have investigated whether siglec-7-GD3 interactions are able to modulate NK cell cytotoxicity. Using synthetic polyacrylamide glycoprobes, siglec-7 was found to be masked at the NK cell surface but it could be unmasked by sialidase treatment of NK cells. GD3 synthase-transfected P815 target cells expressed high levels of GD3 and bound strongly to recombinant siglec-7-Fc protein. Surprisingly, GD3 synthase-transfected P815 cells were killed more effectively by untreated cells in a siglec-7-independent manner. However, following sialidase treatment of NK cells, a siglec-7-dependent inhibition of killing was observed. These findings have important implications for NK cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells like melanoma that express high levels of GD3 ganglioside.
Regulated Shedding of Transmembrane Chemokines by the Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 Facilitates Detachment of Adherent Leukocytes (2007)

CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CXCL16 are unique members of the chemokine family because they occur not only as soluble, but also as membrane-bound molecules. Expressed as type I transmembrane proteins, the ectodomain of both chemokines can be proteolytically cleaved from the cell surface, a process known as shedding. Our previous studies showed that the disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) mediates the largest proportion of constitutive CX3CL1 and CXCL16 shedding, but is not involved in the phorbolester-induced release of the soluble chemokines (inducible shedding). In this study, we introduce the calcium-ionophore ionomycin as a novel, very rapid, and efficient inducer of CX3CL1 and CXCL16 shedding. By transfection in COS-7 cells and ADAM10-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts combined with the use of selective metalloproteinase inhibitors, we demonstrate that the inducible generation of soluble forms of these chemokines is dependent on ADAM10 activity. Analysis of the C-terminal cleavage fragments remaining in the cell membrane reveals multiple cleavage sites used by ADAM10, one of which is preferentially used upon stimulation with ionomycin. In adhesion studies with CX3CL1-expressing ECV-304 cells and cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells, we demonstrate that induced CX3CL1 shedding leads to the release of bound monocytic cell lines and PBMC from their cellular substrate. These data provide evidence for an inducible release mechanism via ADAM10 potentially important for leukocyte diapedesis.
The First Non-Heme Iron(III) Complex with a Ligated Carboxamido Group That Exhibits Photolability of a Bound NO Ligand (2002)

Reversible NO binding in acetonitrile is observed in the non-heme FeIII complex [Fe(PaPy3)(NO)](ClO4)2 (see scheme). The NO moiety is photolabile, and can dissociate from this complex under very mild conditions. The carboxamido nitrogen donor trans to NO appears to play a crucial role in the observed photolability. (PaPy3=N-[N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminoethyl]-2-pyridinecarboxamide).
Femtosecond-irradiation-induced refractive-index changes and channel waveguiding in bulk Ti3+:Sapphire (2004)

We have employed femtosecond laser writing in order to induce refractive-index changes and waveguides in Ti3+-doped sapphire. Doping the sapphire crystal with an appropriate ion significantly reduces the threshold for creating structural changes, thus enabling the writing of waveguide structures. Passive and active buried channel waveguiding is demonstrated and images of the guided modes, propagation-loss values, fluorescence spectra, and output efficiencies are presented. The guiding area is located around the laser-damaged region, indicating that the guiding effect is stress induced. Refractive-index changes are measured by digital holography. Proper active doping should enable femtosecond processing and waveguide writing in various crystalline materials.
Quantitative nonlinear thixotropic model with stretched exponential response in transient shear flows (2016)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Yufei Wei, Michael J. Solomon, Ronald G. Larson; Quantitative nonlinear thixotropic model with stretched exponential response in transient shear flows. J. Rheol. 1 November 2016; 60 (6): 1301–1315. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.4965228 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Antitumor effect of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-adamantoate (NSC 117614) in L1210 leukemic mice. (1970)

The effects of a new derivative of 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), NSC 63878, 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5′-adamantoate, NSC 117614 (AdO-ara-C), on the survival of L1210 leukemic mice was studied. In all the treatment schedules investigated (single doses, short courses of daily doses, and widely spaced doses), AdO-ara-C was therapeutically more effective than ara-C. For a given total dose, the effectiveness of AdO-ara-C was relatively insensitive to the schedule used. Single dose therapy with AdO-ara-C was almost as effective as therapy with ara-C on an “optimum” schedule (courses of multiple closely spaced doses with appropriate intervals for host recovery). AdO-ara-C was effective when administered i.p. or s.c. The agent is active even when administered as much as 48 hr prior to tumor inoculation. This and other data ( e.g. , lack of reversal in vivo by deoxycytidine) suggest a sustained action effect. The results are discussed in terms of this hypothesis.