gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of vertebrate segmentation (1988)

Abstract That all higher organisms possess some segmental organization during their development is presumably no coincidence. Segmentation appears to be an important developmental strategy with which to build and diversify different body regions. It can be studied at many levels, ranging from molecule and genome, through cells and their interactions, to morphogenesis and whole body pattern; and there is no compelling reason for thinking that the study of any one level will prove more revealing than that of any other. The study of vertebrate segmentation in fact provides a particularly good example of this philosophy. The application of classical and molecular genetic analysis to Drosophila development (reviewed by Akam, 1987) has yielded a large amount of information about the genes that play a role in the development of segmental patterns in this organism. Springing directly from this analysis comes the hope that similar methods applied to vertebrate development, exemplified by the discovery of the homeobox in the vertebrate genome, will be just as successful. But will the identification of vertebrate segmentation genes complete our understanding of the segmentation process? We believe not, and our chief purpose in this review is to identify and discuss the variety of different levels at which one can approach the major events involved.
Measurements of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) performance under army operational conditions (2010)

This paper presents the results from a field measurement campaign that was conducted to provide an understanding of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) performance relative to that of a Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) system in military-type environments. The Space & Terrestrial Communications Directorate (STCD) MIMO system was used to conduct these experiments. The system has two antennas and operates at transmit frequencies of 430 and 1380 MHz, which fall within military frequency bands. A variety of operational environments with many scenarios were considered. The experiments were conducted at C4ISR OTM testing facility, Fort Dix, New Jersey for transmissions along a wide road, a narrow road and through heavy foliage. These experiments measured the throughput gain of MIMO over SISO given the same transmit power and channel usage. The gain in throughput was corroborated by information-theoretic capacity calculations using channel estimates collected during the experimental campaign. In addition, the impact of the antenna spacing on throughput gain was also studied. Depending on the multipath-richness of the environment, the experimental results show that the 2-antenna system provides a throughput of 1.3 to 2.0 times that of a SISO system. On average, a range extension of 1.5 times could be realized for all the considered scenarios and transmit frequencies. The results suggest that antennas in MIMO systems should be placed at least a half of carrier wavelength apart, as indicated in open literature.
Nanogels prepared by self‐assembly of oppositely charged globular proteins (2006)

Ovalbumin and lysozyme are two main proteins in hen egg white with the isoelectric points of 4.8 and 11, respectively. Herein we report the manufacture of stable, narrowly distributed nanogels (hydrodynamic radius about 100 nm) using a novel and convenient method: ovalbumin and lysozyme solutions were mixed at pH 5.3, the mixture solution was adjusted to pH 10.3, then subsequently stirred and heated. The nanogels were characterized using a combination of techniques. The nanogels have spherical shape and core-shell structure. The core is mainly composed of lysozyme and the shell is mainly composed of ovalbumin. The proteins in the nanogels are in denatured states and they are bound by intermolecular hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds. The charges of the nanogels can be modulated by the pH of the medium. The electrostatic repulsion of ovalbumin molecules on the nanogel surface stabilizes the nanogels in aqueous solution. The formation mechanism of the nanogels is discussed.
TWO MACHINES FOR IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF PLANTS IN LIQUID MEDIA (1983)

Two machines are described, one to tilt 400 50-mL or 320 125-mL Erlenmeyer flasks, and the other to rock 120 455-mL or 70 910-mL square wide-mouth Mason jars, or combinations of the different container sizes. In grapes, explants transferred to liquid media on the machines after 28 days on agar produced seven times as many shoots in 90 days as explants maintained on agar media. Similar increases were obtained with Arctostaphylos uva ursi, Fuchsia hybrida ’Swingtime,’ Amelanchier alnifolia, and Nicotiana tabacum ’Xanthi-nc.’ The liquid culture method also reduces cost by using less media and agar.Key words: Machines, in vitro, propagation, liquid-media
A new phenomenon of usefulness in the radioimmunoassay of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone. (1971)

Abstract A new technique for radioimmunoassay of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) has been developed based on the discovery of an increase in the proportional binding of ACTH to antibody when small increments of ACTH are added to relatively high concentrations of antisera. A progressive increase in the bound/free (B/F) ratios occurs instead of the conventional decrease. This paradoxical binding has been utilized to develop an accurate and convenient method for measuring ACTH levels in unextracted plasma. Antisera that are unsuitable for conventional radioimmunoassay can be used. The method has proven to be highly reliable and is used routinely in our institution. In 30 normal subjects, the average plasma ACTH level at 8 A.M. was 70 pg. per milliliter (range 22 to 175 pg. per milliliter) and at 4 P.M. the average value was 20 pg. per milliliter (0 to 75 pg. per milliliter). A circadian variation in plasma ACTH levels with a peak at 6 A.M. has been observed. After dexamethasone administration, plasma ACTH levels were undetectable; they rose to an average of 562 pg. per milliliter (235 to 1,250 pg. per milliliter) after oral metyrapone administration. Very high ACTH levels were observed in patients with Addison's disease, after bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome with adrenal hyperplasia, and after the intravenous administration of a bacterial pyrogen to normal subjects. Subnormal values were found in patients with panhypopituitarism and with Cushing's syndrome caused by adrenal tumor.
Vision-Based Parking-Slot Detection: A DCNN-Based Approach and a Large-Scale Benchmark Dataset (2018)

In the automobile industry, recent years have witnessed a growing interest in developing self-parking systems. For such systems, how to accurately and efficiently detect and localize the parking-slots defined by regular line segments near the vehicle is a key and still unresolved issue. In fact, kinds of unfavorable factors, such as the diversity of ground materials, changes in illumination conditions, and unpredictable shadows caused by nearby trees, make the vision-based parking-slot detection much harder than it looks. In this paper, we attempt to solve this issue to some extent and our contributions are twofold. First, we propose a novel DCNN (Deep Convolutional Neural Networks) based parking-slot detection approach, namely DeepPS, which takes the surround-view image as the input. There are two key steps in DeepPS, identifying all the marking-points on the input image and classifying local image patterns formed by pairs of markingpoints. We formulate both of them as learning problems, which can be solved naturally by modern DCNN models. Second, to facilitate the study of vision-based parking-slot detection, a largescale labeled dataset is established. This dataset is the largest in this field, comprising 12,165 surround-view images collected from typical indoor and outdoor parking sites. For each image, the marking-points and parking-slots are carefully labeled. The efficacy and efficiency of DeepPS have been corroborated on our collected dataset. To make our results fully reproducible, all the relevant source codes and the dataset have been made publicly available at https://cslinzhang.github.io/deepps/.
Detecting emotional stress during typing task with time pressure (2014)

Automated stress detection is important in developing adaptive e-learning systems. Empirical evidence suggests that mouse dynamics and keyboard dynamics analyses can be both effective in user behaviour modelling as well as emotion detection compared to physiological measures and facial expression recognitions, and yet they are far less expensive and considered non-intrusive. This paper investigates how mouse dynamics and keyboard dynamics can be affected by emotional stress, particularly stress induced by time pressure, text length and language familiarity. Our research findings show that longer text and unfamiliar language raise users' stress perceptions. Demanding job such as long typing task could result in anomalous behaviours once the users have lost motivation. Language familiarity mainly affects keyboard behaviour but text length change mouse behaviour. This shows that there is a good potential of developing an adaptive e-learning system by detecting learners' emotional stress from keyboard and mouse input.
Public Utility Pricing (1987)

Public utility goods and services are, for any given state of the economy and of technology, those to which the members of a society are regarded as entitled at reasonable charge, and which could not be satisfactorily distributed through the usual market channels.
[Disintegration of kidney calculi with a piezoelectric instrument system. Initial clinical experiences]. (1986)

Since December 1985 extracorporeal piezoelectric renal lithotripsy has been tested in humans. Up to now 50 patients with renal calculi have been treated. The lithotriptor consists of a special mobile table with an opening in the surface to apply shock waves. Urinary calculi are located by integrated ultrasound location systems. As the piezoelectrically generated high-energy sound pulse does not cause pain, treatment is possible without anesthesia. Permanent ultrasonic control of the stones in the focus during lithotripsy allows effective application of shock waves. With this piezoelectric system the electrocardiogram does not have to be triggered. So far the results have been encouraging and following these tests clinical application is expected to be successful.
Listen-to-nose (2012)

This paper proposes Listen-to-Nose, a phone-based system that detects and records when and where a person's nose-related symptoms, such as sneezing and runny nose, occur in everyday settings. It is hoped that this system can be used to collect reference data for doctors to diagnose the cause of these symptoms.
A key role for fibronectin in the sequential binding of native dsDNA and monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies to components of the extracellular matrix: its possible significance in glomerulonephritis. (1985)

The interactions of DNA, monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies and isolated purified components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were studied in a solid phase model system. Binding of DNA to each of the components was assessed using monoclonal antibody and enzyme conjugated antiglobulin in direct binding and inhibition assays. Each of the genetically distinct collagens (Types I-IV), proteoglycan monomer and laminin, bound ssDNA, but dsDNA bound significantly only to fibronectin. When used in an inhibition system, fibronectin linked DNA and anti-DNA antibodies to the collagens; it had a differential effect on the binding of ssDNA and dsDNA to a Type IV collagen matrix, the most striking feature being a 100 fold increase in dsDNA binding to Type IV collagen in the presence of fibronectin. It is likely that fibronectin binds dsDNA to collagen by separate binding domains for these molecules, and that this may be involved in the deposition of DNA in kidneys in some forms of glomerulonephritis.
Social-Event-Driven Camera Control for Multicharacter Animations (2011)

In a virtual world, a group of virtual characters can interact with each other, and these characters may leave a group to join another. The interaction among individuals and groups often produces interesting events in a sequence of animation. The goal of this paper is to discover social events involving mutual interactions or group activities in multicharacter animations and automatically plan a smooth camera motion to view interesting events suggested by our system or relevant events specified by a user. Inspired by sociology studies, we borrow the knowledge in Proxemics, social force, and social network analysis to model the dynamic relation among social events and the relation among the participants within each event. By analyzing the variation of relation strength among participants and spatiotemporal correlation among events, we discover salient social events in a motion clip and generate an overview video of these events with smooth camera motion using a simulated annealing optimization method. We tested our approach on different motions performed by multiple characters. Our user study shows that our results are preferred in 66.19 percent of the comparisons with those by the camera control approach without event analysis and are comparable (51.79 percent) to professional results by an artist.
Adjasankey: Visualization of Huge Hierarchical Weighted and Directed Graphs (2015)

Visualization of hierarchical weighted and directed graphs are usually done with node-link or adjacency matrix diagrams. However, these representations suffer from various drawbacks: low readability in a context of Big Data, high number of edge crossings, difficulty to efficiently represent the weighting. With the stated goal of reducing these drawbacks, we designed Adjasankey, a hybrid visual representation of weighted and directed graphs using hierarchical abstractions. This technique combines adjacency matrices readability of large graphs and flow diagrams visual design efficiency for weighting depiction. Associated to Big Data computing and light-weight web rendering, our tool allows to depict and interact in real time on huge dataset and supports user multi-scale exploration and analysis. To show the efficiency of Adjasankey, we present a case study on the analysis of a Customer to Customer website.
Tumor necrosis factor α induces a caspase-independent death pathway in human neutrophils (2003)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a cytokine with multiple roles in the immune system, including the induction and potentiation of cellular functions in neutrophils (PMNs). TNF-alpha also induces apoptotic signals leading to the activation of several caspases, which are involved in different steps of the process of cell death. Inhibition of caspases usually increases cell survival. Here, we found that inhibition of caspases by the general caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk did not prevent TNF-alpha-induced PMN death. After 6 hours of incubation, TNF-alpha alone caused PMN death with characteristic apoptotic features (typical morphologic changes, DNA laddering, external phosphatidyl serine [PS] exposure in the plasma membrane, Bax clustering and translocation to the mitochondria, and degradation of mitochondria), which coincided with activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3. However, in the presence of TNF-alpha, PMNs died even when caspases were completely inhibited. This type of cell death lacked nuclear features of apoptosis (ie, no DNA laddering but aberrant hyperlobulated nuclei without typical chromatin condensation) and demonstrated no Bax redistribution, but it did show mitochondria clustering and plasma membrane PS exposure. In contrast, Fas-triggered PMN apoptosis was completely blocked by zVAD-fmk. Experiments with scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and with inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, with PMN-derived cytoplasts (which lack mitochondria) and with PMNs from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (which have impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH] oxidase) indicated that TNF-alpha/zVAD-fmk-induced cell death depends on mitochondria-derived ROS. Thus, TNF-alpha can induce a "classical," caspase-dependent and a "nonclassical" caspase-independent cell death.
A Volume Integral Formulation for Solving Eddy Current Problems on Polyhedral Meshes (2017)

This paper presents a volume integral formulation to solve eddy current problems on general polyhedral meshes. The required topological preprocessing is efficiently addressed in linear worst case complexity by using the idea of lazy cohomology generators.
Kinetics of Alkyllithium Initiated Polymerizations (1970)

Abstract The kinetics of alkyllithium initiated polymerizations is reviewed for publication in Rubber Reviews for 1970. It contains nine sections: introduction, the structure of organolithium compounds, rate of polymerization, rate of propagation, rate of initiation, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, polymerization of diene and vinyl monomers in polar solvents, copolymerizations, and polymerizations of polar monomers. A total of 205 references are cited.
<i>TWINLAW</i>and<i>HKLF</i>5: two programs for the handling of non-merohedral twins (2004)

The program TWINLAW reads two orientation matrices obtained from a non-merohedrally twinned crystal and evaluates the twin law. In a second step, the program HKLF 5 uses this twin law to generate a reflection file for refinement with the HKLF5 option of the SHELXL program. The use of both programs is demonstrated by means of the structure determination of Sr(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ·H 2 O.
Relationship between DNA ploidy, glandular differentiation, and tumor spread in human prostate cancer. (1985)

DNA ploidy was evaluated by flow cytometry for 45 human prostate carcinomas (34 prostatectomy specimens and 11 biopsies). Twenty tumors (44.4%) contained a distinct aneuploid stem line. All 11 tumors confined to the prostate gland (pathological Stage B) were diploid. The frequency of aneuploidy increased with advancing stage, and most tumors with distant metastases were aneuploid. The degree of glandular differentiation was characterized by the Gleason score. One-third of tumors with a Gleason score of 5 to 6 were aneuploid, whereas over 70% of poorly differentiated tumors with a Gleason score of 9 to 10 were aneuploid. Among diploid tumors, 45.5% were localized carcinomas (Stage B), 36.4% were characterized by invasion outside the prostate (Stage C), and 18.2% formed pelvic nodal or distant metastases (Stages D1 and D2). In nearly two-thirds of patients with aneuploid tumors, pelvic nodal or distant metastases were found. When tumors were classified according to both DNA ploidy and degree of glandular differentiation, then subgroups of tumors with the highest and lowest degree of malignant potential became apparent. Only 7.1% of diploid tumors with a Gleason score of 5 to 6 formed metastases, but 80% of aneuploid tumors with a higher Gleason score (7 to 10) formed metastases. Diploid tumors with higher Gleason scores and aneuploid tumors with lower Gleason scores had intermediate frequencies of metastases. The presence of an aneuploid stem line in prostate carcinomas indicated that the tumor had spread outside the prostate gland or had metastasized. DNA ploidy may be an important prognostic factor for human prostate cancer. DNA ploidy and the degree of glandular differentiation considered together may improve prognostic evaluation of prostate carcinomas.
AF-343 함유 저염 건조 불고기 비빔밥의 관능적 항산화적 특성 (2019)

This study investigated the sensory characteristics and antioxidative activity of the reduced salt dried bulgogi bibimbap containing AF-343, a dandelion-derived compound extract. A sample with a 30% reduced salt had a sodium amount of 659.01 mg, which was significantly lower than that of the sample before the reduction (p<0.05). The textural hardness of the SW (Standard sample with the AF-343), showed the lowest value of 1.03 N/cm2, indicating that the AF-343-containing sample could have a slightly softer texture than the non-containing sample. In the analytical sensory test, the AF-343- containing samples showed a synergistic effect on the aroma and flavor of bulgogi, with values of 5.7 and 8.4, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the non-containing sample group (4.3 and 4.4, respectively). The hardness by the sensory test was slightly hard with values of 7.2-8.1 in all samples, indicating that textural improvement was needed. In the acceptance test, all the samples scored with slightly lower values of 4-5 points, highlighting the need for future studies to improve the sensory characteristics of dried bibimbap. The flavonoid contents of AF-343-containing SW and RW sample groups were 68.21 and 64.31 mg GAE/100 g, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the samples without AF-343 (49.06 and 44.82 mg GAE/100 g, respectively) (p<0.05). The ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were similar to those of the flavonoid contents. As a result, in the production of AF-343-containing reduced-salt dried bulgogi bibimbap, more study on the textural improvement will be needed to achieve better palatability.
Binding of streptococcal lipoteichoic acid to the fatty acid binding sites on serum albumin. (1980)

The ability of the fatty acid binding sites of serum albumin to bind lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus pyogenes was investigated. Initial studies indicated that lipoteichoic acid, but not its deacylated deprivative, protected albumin from being denatured by heat (80C for 1 h) and changed its mobility in an electrical field. Albumin covalently linked to agarose beads bound radiolabeled lipoteichoic acid, and the bound [3H]lipoteichoic acid could be specifically eluted with unlabeled lipoteichoic acid or albumin but not with other proteins tested. After binding to albumins, the lipoteichoic acid also could be quantitatively eluted with 50% ethanol and various detergents but not with up to 1.0 M sodium chloride. Binding of lipoteichoic acid to albumin followed first order kinetics, reaching saturation at 12 h. Analysis of the binding data by a Scatchard plot indicated heterogeneity of the binding sites on the albumin molecule similar to that previously reported for fatty acids. The affinity of binding of lipoteichoic acid to albumin was found to be intermediate between that previously reported for octanoic and palmitic acids, respectively. Based on these findings, we prepared affinity columns of immobilized albumin and were able to separate biologically active lipoteichoic acid from heterogeneous extracts of S. pyogenes.
Bacterial Cellulose Production by Fed-Batch Fermentation in Molasses Medium (2004)

Batch and fed-batch fermentations for bacterial cellulose (BC) production using molasses as a carbon source by Acetobacter xylinum BPR2001 were carried out in a jar fermentor. For improvement of BC production, molasses was subjected to H2SO4-heat treatment. The maximum BC concentration by this treated molasses increased 76%, and the specific growth rate increased 2-fold compared with that by untreated molasses. In batch fermentation, when the initial sugar concentrations of H2SO4-heat-treated molasses were varied from 20 to 70 g/L, the highest value of maximum BC concentration of 5.3 g/L was observed at 20 g/L. BC production in intermittent fed-batch (IFB) fermentation was conducted referring to the data in batch fermentation, and the highest BC production of 7.82 g/L was obtained when 0.2 L of molasses medium was added five times. When continuous fed-batch (CFB) fermentations were conducted, maximum BC concentration was obtained with a feeding rate of 6.3 g-sugar/h, which was derived from the optimal IFB experiment.