gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Malonyl-CoA content and fatty acid oxidation in rat muscle and liver in vivo (2000)

Malonyl-CoA acutely regulates fatty acid oxidation in liver in vivo by inhibiting carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Thus rapid increases in the concentration of malonyl-CoA, accompanied by decreases in long-chain fatty acyl carnitine (LCFA-carnitine) and fatty acid oxidation have been observed in liver of fasted-refed rats. It is less clear that it plays a similar role in skeletal muscle. To examine this question, whole body respiratory quotients (RQ) and the concentrations of malonyl-CoA and LCFA-carnitine in muscle were determined in 48-h-starved rats before and at various times after refeeding. RQ values were 0.82 at baseline and increased to 0.93, 1. 0, 1.05, and 1.09 after 1, 3, 12, and 18 h of refeeding, respectively, suggesting inhibition of fat oxidation in all tissues. The increases in RQ at each time point correlated closely (r = 0.98) with increases (50-250%) in the concentration of malonyl-CoA in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles and decreases in plasma FFA and muscle LCFA-carnitine levels. Similar changes in malonyl-CoA and LCFA-carnitine were observed in liver. The increases in malonyl-CoA in muscle during refeeding were not associated with increases in the assayable activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) or decreases in the activity of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD). The results suggest that, during refeeding after a fast, decreases in fatty acid oxidation occur rapidly in muscle and are attributable both to decreases in plasma FFA and increases in the concentration of malonyl-CoA. They also suggest that the increase in malonyl-CoA in this situation is not due to changes in the assayable activity of either ACC or MCD or an increase in the cytosolic concentration of citrate.
Calcium Phosphates as Fillers in Struvite Cements (2005)

Struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate MgNH4PO4 has been proposed as active component in setting surgical cements. The usual formulation is one in which the magnesium component in the powder is either magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate or trimagnesium phosphate or a mixture of these two compounds. As the cement liquid a concentrated solution of diammonium phosphate is taken. To make the cement attractive as a bone substitute material a calcium phosphate filler is generally incorporated. Thus such materials are a type of pseudo calcium phosphate cements. This study was intended to find out which calcium phosphate and which magnesium compound are the most suitable. In the first series of experiments a mixture of 12 g Mg3(PO4)2 and 4 g MgHPO4.3H2O was used as the magnesium component in the powder. To that powder 30 g of either precipitated hydroxyapatite PHA or CaHPO4 or CaHPO4.H2O or b-TCP or a-TCP was added. The cement liquid was a 3.5 M solution of (NH4)2HPO4. At specific liquid/powder ratios L/P suitable setting times were obtained for the different formulations. However, the compressive strengths after immersion of the cements in 0.9% saline solution at 37°C varied over a large range. The best formulation was that with a-TCP which reached a compressive strength of 57 MPa after 18 h of immersion. In the second series of experiments 20 g of Mg3(PO4)2 was used as the magnesium component in the powder. Again 30 g of either of the above mentioned calcium phosphates was used as filler and again a 3.5 M solution of (NH4)2HPO4 was used as the cement liquid. At the appropriate L/P ratios the respective setting times were longer than in the first series of experiments but all five formulations appeared to result in good compressive strengths varying from 41 MPa for the formulation with b-TCP to 67 MPa for the formulation with PHA. In the third series of experiments 30 g a-TCP was taken as the calcium phosphate in the powder. As magnesium components mixtures of Mg3(PO4)2.8H2O and MgHPO4.3H2O and Mg3(PO4)2 were used. Again the cement liquid consisted of a 3.5 M solution of (NH4)2HPO4. The formulations with Mg3(PO4)2.8H2O had the shortest setting times and the lowest compressive strengths, whereas those with Mg3(PO4)2 had the longest setting times and the highest compressive strengths. Therefore, it is advantageous to use Mg3(PO4)2 as the magnesium component.
Heat Transfer Enhancements Using Laminate Film Encapsulation for Phase Change Heat Storage Materials (2012)

A model is proposed to predict the heat spreading behaviour experienced by laminate materials when heated over only a part of the domain, which is broken up into two regions, known as the heated and fin regions. The 2D, steady-state, two-region fin model is unique in its treatment of multilayer conduction heat transfer, giving the exact solution in the heat-spreading layer only, in both Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates. The experimentally and numerically validated two region fin model can help designers to assess improved heat transfer rates for laminate pouches for use to encapsulate supercooled salt hydrate phase change materials for long-term heat storage. Waste aseptic cartons (e.g. Tetra Brik) are a potentially useful resource for making laminate heat storage pouches since value-added end-uses are largely absent in Canada and in many other countries. The model is also useful for assessing improved temperature uniformity in heat spreading devices with applied heat fluxes.
Anti-inflammatory and immune inhibitory action of bear bile extract (1994)

The anti-inflammatory and immune inhibitory action of bear bile extract was investigated in rats and mice.Bear bile extract(500 mg·kg-1, 250 mg·kg-1, 125 mg·kg-1 po) inhibited several inflammatory and immune processes such as edema induced by xylol and croton oil in the ear of mice,edema induced by carrageenin in the hind paw、and arthritis induced by adjuvant in rats.Also,it inhibited capillary permeability,the mononuclear phagocyte system and proliferation of granuloma induced by cotton-pellets. The results suggest that bear bile extract has an inhibitory action on acute,chronic and immune inflammation.In addition,bear bile extract inhibited the turgescene induced by hot water in the hind paw of the rats.and decreased the contents of PGE2 at the inflammatory site.Based on theseresults,we suggest that the anti-inflammatory and immune inhibitory action of bear bile extract may be involved in inhibiting bradykinin andPGE2 synthesis or realease.
A Study of Genre Approach in EFL Writing (2013)

The present study puts SFL-based genre approach under examination for its effectiveness in promoting EFL writers' genre awareness and writing competence in a 16-week semester in a state-run college in the east part of China. Three sets of data from pre-and post-test writings, interviews and questionnaires, are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS and Range 32. The study indicates that the genre approach beats the traditional approach in sensitizing the writers' genre awareness, improving holistic writing quality and enhancing lexical density.
A soluble pentacene: synthesis, EPR and electrochemical studies of 2,3,9,10-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)pentacene (2004)

A soluble 2,3,9,10-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)pentacene (1) was synthesized; the discovery of the radical cationic character of in solution through EPR measurement has provided insights into the sensitivity of acenes towards light and oxygen.
Time window for postoperative reactive enhancement after resection of brain tumors: less than 72 hours (2014)

Postoperative reactive enhancement earlier than 72 hours after brain tumor surgery can be expected in about one-third of the cases in which a 3-T scanner is used. This might be due to the higher enhancement-to-brain contrast at higher field strengths. Therefore, the time window of 72 hours does not prevent reactive enhancement, which, however, can be recognized as such comparing it with presurgical enhancing tumor.
Time focusing magnetic wedge‐field sectors for time‐resolved ion momentum spectrometry (1995)

Abstract The time‐of‐flight properties of magnetic wedge‐field sectors have been derived in a second‐order approximation. The following quantities were included: source slit width, radial and axial opening angles of the ion beam and relative energy spread. The transfer matrix elements of the time‐of‐flight (longitudinal) row were derived in terms of the initial and final angles and of K ‐parameter dependence on the ion momentum and magnetic field. The longitudinal mass dispersion coefficient required in the time resolution formula was derived. The time‐of‐flight ion optical properties of a 60° symmetric, homogeneous magnetic sector mass spectrometer, already employed for time‐resolved ion momentum spectrometry studies, were compared with those of a wedge‐field, 180° deflecting stigmatic arrangement with K =0.7423. The time‐of‐flight aberrations were calculated from transfer matrix multiplications. The advantages of the wedge‐field geometry are: independence, up to second order, of the ion packet length upon the ion source slit width, independence to first order of the ion energy spread and stigmatic focusing in space. These factors ensure both improved sensitivity and time resolution.
An architecture for general purpose physical system simulation—Integrating geometry, dynamics, and control (1990)

Simulation of physical systems has long been of interest to scientists and engineers, and significant efforts have been directed toward the development of general purpose computer aided design and analysis systems. To date, however, success has been largely limited to the production of tools suited only for particular aspects of design: computer aided design systems have primarily emphasized specification of geometry; simulation systems from the mechanical engineering field have concentrated mainly on formulation and integration of an unchanging set of equations describing object behavior; and work by computer graphics and animation researchers has been aimed at producing good-looking animations without much regard for whether the generated motions were physically realistic. Flexible systems integrating all aspects of design and analysis have not yet been built. This thesis addresses the issues involved in developing fundamentally more powerful simulation systems. A system architecture for general purpose physical system simulation is proposed, and a prototype implementation, the newton system, is described. The architecture is based on a rich model-based object representation and provides a level of automatic analysis that encourages the kind of experimentation necessary for successful design. In particular, it is argued that by using geometric modeling techniques to include a full description of object geometry, previously difficult-to-incorporate simulation system features, such as collision detection and resolution, can be handled much more naturally. The Newton architecture incorporates a uniform exceptional event handling mechanism that allows the system to respond to a variety of simulation events that necessitate modification of object behavior descriptions. Combined with a general method for the formulation of object motion equations, the event handling mechanism supports automatic handling of collisions, changing contact relationships, control program state changes, and other events that can cause discontinuities in object motions.
Neuroprotective Effects of Bioavailable Polyphenol-Derived Metabolites against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells (2016)

Oxidative stress is involved in cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. Dietary polyphenols can exert health benefits, but their direct effects on neuronal cells are debatable because most phenolics are metabolized and do not reach the brain as they occur in the dietary sources. Herein, we evaluate the effects of a panel of bioavailable polyphenols and derived metabolites at physiologically relevant conditions against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Among the 19 metabolites tested, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and urolithins prevented neuronal apoptosis via attenuation of ROS levels, increased REDOX activity, and decreased oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by preventing the caspase-3 activation via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. This suggests that dietary sources containing the polyphenol precursors of these molecules such as cocoa, berries, walnuts, and tea could be potential functional foods to reduce oxidative stress associated with the onset and progress of neurodegenerative diseases.
La natura del soggetto. Riflessioni sul pensiero di Theodor W. Adorno (2011)

The Nature of Subjectivity. Some Remarks on Adorno's Thinking - This paper offers a careful reading of Adorno’s work in order to clarify the sense and meaning of the mutual dependence of body and soul in his thinking. The mind/body relationship always occurs when Adorno describes the totality of man, not just the subject as a cognitive matter, but also as a bodily, sensitive and sensual subject. This image of the human as a living being has been a focus of Adorno’s philosophy, and represents a permanent warning for philosophical research, recalling its fragility and its proximity to life.
Effects of compatibilizers on the mechanical properties of ABS/PLA composites (2012)

Abstract Composites composed of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer (ABS) and poly(lactic acid) were prepared to develop ABS‐based automobile console boxes with improved environmental friendliness. ABS/PLA composites without any additives showed extremely poor mechanical properties. However, increase in the content of polybutadiene moiety of ABS and introduction of proper compatibilizer and heat stabilizer enhanced the mechanical properties of ABS/PLA composites significantly. Thermal stabilization effect of the heat stabilizer was assessed by determining the activation energy of thermal degradation, by measuring the molecular weight variation of PLA and by observing the morphology of the fractured surface. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Acetaminophen Toxicity in Children: Diagnostic Confirmation Using a Specific Antigenic Biomarker (1996)

Chronic acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity poses a difficult diagnostic challenge to the clinician. Signs and symptoms are nonspecific and no currently available laboratory study can confirm APAP as the causative agent of hepatic injury. In this study an antigenic biomarker for APAP toxicity was used to confirm the diagnosis of APAP-induced hepatic failure in two children with chronic APAP toxicity. APAP that has been metabolized to N-acetyl-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) reacts with cellular proteins to form 3-(cystein-S-yl)-APAP protein adducts (3-Cys-A). Serum from both patients was submitted for quantitation of 3-Cys-A by a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Concentrations of 3-Cys-A in the two patients were 1.97 and 2.77 nmol/mg protein, which are similar to concentrations found in adults with hepatic injury secondary to an overdose of APAP. Individuals with no exposure to APAP have no detectable 3-Cys-A in serum. It was concluded that 3-Cys-A is a useful marker of APAP intoxication after long-term ingestion of APAP when total dose and time course of ingestion are uncertain, and may prove to be a useful clinical and investigative tool in the study of APAP intoxication.
Physical parameters of the violin bridge changed by active control (2008)

The physical parameters of a violin bridge have a significant influence on the tonal colouration of its sound. The resonance peaks of the bridge shape the response of the violin body. Reinicke and Cremer developed a simple bridge model that shows a typical broad frequency peak around 2.5kHz, because it incorporates the coupling to the violin body and the soundpost. By using the same model, Jim Woodhouse revealed the effect of some parameters of the bridge (mass, stiffness and foot spacing) on the instrument frequency response. Here the parameters of the violin resonance peaks are changed in real time, by applying an active control method. Such a technique, very useful in noise reduction, enabled to change separately the position and the shape of each peak of the bridge input admittance. On the bridge, 2 actuators and an accelerometer are placed at strategic positions in order to change the peak frequency and the damping factor values. The system behaviour is controlled by a Digital Signal Processor. Some sound results achieved with a real violin back up the theoretical equations.
Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> in male infertility: Physiopathology and therapy (2011)

Both the bioenergetic and the antioxidant role of CoQ(10) suggest a possible involvement in sperm biochemistry and male infertility. CoQ(10) can be quantified in seminal fluid, where its concentration correlates with sperm count and motility. It was found that distribution of CoQ(10) between sperm cells and seminal plasma was altered in varicocele patients, who also presented a higher level of oxidative stress and lower total antioxidant capacity. The effect of vericocelectomy on partially reversing these biochemical abnormalities is discussed. The redox status of coenzyme Q(10) in seminal fluid was also determined: an inverse correlation was found between ubiquinol/ubiquinone ratio and hydroperoxide levels and between this ratio and the percentage of abnormal sperm forms. After the first in vitro observations CoQ(10) was administered to infertile patients affected by idiopathic asthenozoospermia, originally in an open label study and then in three randomized placebo-controlled trials; doses were around 200-300 mg/day and treatment lasted 6 months. A significant increase in the concentration of CoQ(10) was found, both in seminal plasma and sperm cells. Treatment also led to a certain improvement in sperm motility. In one of the studies there was also a decrease in plasma levels of follicle stimulating horhone (FSH) and luteinizine horhone (LH). Administration of CoQ(10) may play a positive role in the treatment of asthenozoospermia, possibly related to not only to its function in the mitochondrial respiratory chain but also to its antioxidant properties. Further studies are needed in order to determine whether there is also an effect on fertility rate.
A software architecture for integrated service robot development (2002)

This paper presents a computational architecture that addresses the grand challenge problem of system integration. Robotics research has made many advances in sensory processing, control and planning, but few efforts focus on the problem of dynamically integrating the "best available" approaches into a single architecture to support development of integrated systems. The role of architecture is discussed, and a novel approach to intelligent robotic system architecture is presented. This new approach has resulted from the maturation of object-based software technology.
Articulated pose estimation with tiny synthetic videos (2015)

We address the task of articulated pose estimation from video sequences. We consider an interactive setting where the initial pose is annotated in the first frame. Our system synthesizes a large number of hypothetical scenes with different poses and camera positions by applying geometric deformations to the first frame. We use these synthetic images to generate a custom labeled training set for the video in question. This training data is then used to learn a regressor (for future frames) that predicts joint locations from image data. Notably, our training set is so accurate that nearest-neighbor (NN) matching on low-resolution pixel features works well. As such, we name our underlying representation “tiny synthetic videos”. We present quantitative results the Friends benchmark dataset that suggests our simple approach matches or exceed state-of-the-art.
On Metric Multidimensional Unfolding (1970)

The problem of locating two sets of points in a joint space, given the Euclidean distances between elements from distinct sets, is solved algebraically. For error free data the solution is exact, for fallible data it has least squares properties.
Polyoxyethylene di-phosphonates as efficient dispersing polymers for aqueous suspensions (1997)

Polyoxyethylenes having a di-phosphonate functional group at one of their chain ends strongly adsorb on calcium carbonate particles in aqueous colloidal suspensions. An enhanced colloidal stability of such suspensions results with a concomitant drastic reduction of the viscosity of concentrated aqueous suspensions. The viscosity of a 20 wt % CaCO3 colloidal suspension in water could be lowered to 2 mPa · s with low concentrations of polymer. The adsorption and viscosity reduction were studied as a function of the chemical nature of the end chain group and the polymer molecular weight. The di-phosphonate group was found the most efficient anionic group when associated with a polyoxyethylene of polymerization degree larger than 20. The main features of this di-block architecture of the polymer are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2545–2555, 1997
Mechanism of electrically induced photonic band gap broadening in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropies (2014)

We experimentally observed that the photonic band gap (reflection band) of polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropies can be greatly broadened under DC electric fields. We explored the underlying mechanism. We found that the dispersed polymer network moved when DC voltages were applied across the liquid crystal cell. The motion of the polymer network stretched the helical pitch of the liquid crystal on one side of the cell and compressed the helical pitch on the other side of the cell. We proposed a phenomenological theory to explain the motion of the polymer network and the effect of the polymer network on the helical pitch, and this theoretical prediction agreed well with the experimental results.
High-Dielectric-Constant Self-Assembled Nodular Structures in Polymer/Gold Nanoparticle Films (2006)

We utilize spin-casting and ultraviolet (UV) light-induced polymerization to make organic−inorganic nanocomposite thin films. The initial mixture consists of polycaprolactone (PCL) stabilized gold nanoparticles, reactive monomer alkoxytitanium triacrylate, and photoinitiator benzophenone, dissolved in n-butyl acetate (BuAc) solvent. Upon spin-casting and under UV light, solvent evaporates and triacrylate monomer undergoes polymerization, forming a hybrid film exhibiting complex morphologies on several length scales. In particular, we observe a controlled core−shell microdomain assembly of metal nanoparticles, compatibilizer, and metal-infused photo-cross-linkable acrylate polymer host. The composite film also exhibits high electrical capacitance due to the large effective dielectric constant of the metal nanoparticle-rich “nodules”. We characterize the morphology of the film using both polarized light optical, transmission electron (TEM), and atomic force (AFM) microscopy and propose a theoretical model explaining the formation of macro- and microphase-separated structures. Our results demonstrate a route to engage molecular self-assembly in an organometallic hybrid composite which achieves unexpected and unusual material properties that could be used in the electronics industry.
Dynamic behaviour and ruggedness of advanced fast switching IGBTs and diodes (2004)

The paper presents the latest developments of IGBTs and fast switching diodes. A detailed investigation of repetitive short circuit behaviour of the trench and field stop IGBT is discussed. The new field stop IGBT was developed with almost MOS-like (tail-less) turn-off behaviour. Driven by these new IGBT technologies an increased stress on the free wheeling diodes is exerted. The paper shows in detail the switching performance and electric stress of a diode turned off by an ultra-fast switching IGBT. Based on the internal processes during commutation requirements for the application are concluded.