gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rollback and Recovery Strategies for Computer Programs (1972)

Reliability is an important aspect of any system. On-line diagnosis, parity check coding, triple modular redundancy, and other methods have been used to improve the reliability of computing systems. In this paper another aspect of reliable computing systems is explored. The problem is that of recovering error-free information when an error is detected at some stage in the processing of a program. If an error or fault is detected while a program is being processed and if it cannot be corrected immediately, it may be necessary to run the entire program again. The time spent in rerunning the program may be substantial and in some real time applications critical. Recovery time can be reduced by saving states of the program (all the information stored in registers, primary and secondary storage, etc.) at intervals, as the processing continues. If an error is detected the program is restarted from its most recently saved state. However, a price is paid in saving a state in the form of time spent storing all the relevant information in secondary storage. Hence it is expensive to save the state of the program too often. Not saving any state of the program may cause an unacceptably large recovery time. The problem that we solve is the following. Determine the optimum points at which the state of the program should be stored to recover after any malfunction.
Preparation and in vitro antibacterial evaluation of gatifloxacin mucoadhesive gellan system. (2010)

The developed mucoadhesive system is a viable alternative to conventional eye drops of GTN due to its ability to enhance bioavailability through its longer precorneal residence time and ability to sustain the release of the drug.
Shakespeare's Sonnet cxi and John Davies of Hereford's "Microcosmos" (1603) (2007)

Lines in Shakespeare's Sonnet CXI bear a strong resemblance to lines in John Davies of Hereford's "Microcosmos" (1603). In the sonnet Shakespeare's Poet persona blames Fortune for making him reliant on 'public means which public manners breeds'. It has been widely supposed that Shakespeare is alluding to his career as player and playwright. Davies pays a backhanded compliment to Shakespeare as a poet of noble accomplishments, even though the stage 'doth taint pure gentle blood'. Davies's remarks, with their reminder of the social stigma attached to acting, were probably the stimulus for Shakespeare's sonnet, rather than a response to it, as editors have suggested. Contexts for both poems are examined, including Davies's further comments on actors.
Biofilm formation and cell-to-cell signalling in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from a food processing environment (2003)

Several recent studies have shown a role of AHL-based quorum sensing in biofilm formation of specific Gram-negative bacterial strains. The current work shows that production of AHL and other quorum signals is not widespread in Gram-negative isolates from a raw vegetable processing line, and is not a general requirement for biofilm formation, at least in vitro.
Law and Population in Senegal: A Survey of Legislation (1978)

Leiden : African Studies Centre (ASC Research report, no. 5), p. 242, 1977. This preliminary survey provides, in a reference format, a compendium of
legislation potentially affecting the growth, distribution and composition of
thepopulation in Senegal. It starts with an introduction to the characteristics
ofthe population and then centres itself on the description of legislation
affecting morality, migration and fertility. Among regulations reviewed are
those governing health facilities control, health insurance and medical
assistance, educatin and licensing of health professionals, production,
importation and distribution of medicines, environmental protection,
nationality, civil registration, internal population movement, immigration and
outmigration, status of women, marriage, family planning, child and public
welfare, inheritance, military service and penal institutions.
Addition of Halogens and Halogen Compounds to Allylic Chlorides. I. Addition of Hydrogen Halides<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition of Halogens and Halogen Compounds to Allylic Chlorides. I. Addition of Hydrogen Halides1J. REID SHELTON and LIENG-HUANG LEECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 12, 1876–1880Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01106a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01106a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views254Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrogen bond length and proton NMR chemical shifts in proteins (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen bond length and proton NMR chemical shifts in proteinsGerhard Wagner, Arthur Pardi, and Kurt WuethrichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 18, 5948–5949Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00356a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00356a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2704Altmetric-Citations313LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improving of the Electronic Intellectual Cleaning System of Holes in Perforated Shells of the Priller (2019)

The main disadvantages in the work of prillers to obtain the monodispersed drops while clogging the holes in the perforated shell, were analyzed. The electronic intellectual system to control the operation of the electromagnetic vibrator, enabling to carry out periodical cleaning of holes, was proposed. Using the control panel of the vibration frequency, the system lets to impose high-frequency oscillations on the perforated shell of the priller, which cause to the cleaning of holes from pollutions. The proposed electric intellectual system has been tested and ways of its further improvement have been outlined.
Comparison of the cost-effectiveness of vaccines and insecticide impregnation of mosquito nets for the prevention of malaria (1998)

The cost-effectiveness of two different methods of prevention of morbidity and mortality due to Plasmodium falciparum malaria, vaccination and impregnation of mosquito nets with permethrin, was compared. The analysis was performed with reference to the cohort of all children born in The Gambia in 1990 and protected for 5 years, using estimates of costs from studies in The Gambia. The vaccine was assumed to be given in three doses before the age of 6 months, through the Expanded Programme of Immunization, and to remain effective up to the age of 5 years. The bednets were assumed to be impregnated at 6-monthly intervals over the 5-year period. The expected number of deaths and attacks due to P. falciparum in the first 5 years of the 1990 cohort's lives were estimated from published literature. The numbers of deaths and attacks averted by the two strategies were then estimated by decision analysis, using the best estimates of effectiveness available in the literature. The vaccine strategy would have averted an estimated 743 deaths and 50,502 malaria attacks, whereas the net impregnation would have averted 1537 deaths and 69,415 attacks. The estimated cost per death averted was U.S. $252 for the vaccine and U.S. $711 for net impregnation. The estimated cost per P. falciparum attack averted was U.S. $3.71 for the vaccine and U.S. $15.75 for net impregnation. Sensitivity analysis, examining the effect of varying the vaccine cost or insecticide cost, the efficacy of the vaccine or net impregnation, and the percentage coverage of the population, confirmed the greater cost-effectiveness of the vaccine strategy for either of the outcomes examined under the conditions of the model. However, limitations on the absolute number of deaths and malaria attacks which can averted by currently available vaccines demonstrate that a vaccine of higher efficacy would be highly desirable.
Local Regression: Automatic Kernel Carpentry (1993)

A kernel smoother is an intuitive estimate of a regression function or conditional expectation; at each point $x_0$ the estimate of $E(Y\mid x_0)$ is a weighted mean of the sample $Y_i$, with observations close to $x_0$ receiving the largest weights. Unfortunately this simplicity has flaws. At the boundary of the predictor space, the kernel neighborhood is asymmetric and the estimate may have substantial bias. Bias can be a problem in the interior as well if the predictors are nonuniform or if the regression function has substantial curvature. These problems are particularly severe when the predictors are multidimensional. A variety of kernel modifications have been proposed to provide approximate and asymptotic adjustment for these biases. Such methods generally place substantial restrictions on the regression problems that can be considered; in unfavorable situations, they can perform very poorly. Moreover, the necessary modifications are very difficult to implement in the multidimensional case. Local regression smoothers fit lower-order polynomials in $x$ locally at $x_0$, and the estimate of $f(x_0)$ is taken from the fitted polynomial at $x_0$. They automatically, intuitively and simultaneously adjust for both the biases above to the given order and generalize naturally to the multidimensional case. They also provide natural estimates for the derivatives of $f$, an approach more attractive than using higher-order kernel functions for the same purpose.
Space Efficient 3D Model Indexing (1992)

Abstract : We show that the set of 2D images produced by the point features of a rigid 3D model can be represented with two lines in two high-dimensional spaces. These lines are the lowest-dimensional representation possible. We use this result to build a system for representing in a hash table at compile time, all the images that groups of model features can produce. Then at run time a group of image features can access the table and find all model groups that could match it. This table is efficient in terms of space, and is built and accessed through analytic methods that account for the effect of sensing error. In real images, it reduces the set of potential matches by a factor of several thousand. We also use this representation of a model's images to analyze two other approaches to recognition: invariants, and non-accidental properties. These are properties of images that some models always produce, and all other models either never produce (invariants) or almost never produce (non-accidental properties). In several domains we determine when invariants exist. In general we show that there is an infinite set of non-accidental properties that are qualitatively similar.... Object recognition, Non-accidental properties, Indexing, Hashing, Invariants, Space efficiency.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (1999)

Multiphase 3D-Gd-MRA is a convenient, robust, and safe technique for presurgical anatomic mapping of complex aortic aneurysms and dissections.
Resonance structure of Mie scattering: distance between resonances (1990)

The size parameter spacing Δx between an1 and an+11 or between bn1 and bn+11 resonances have been derived to be Δx = x arctan [(mx/n)2 − 1]1/2/n[(mx/n)2 − 1]1/2. Comparison with numerical calculation of the position of resonances in Mie scattering suggests that the accuracy of the derived expression is near 1%.
Soaps and detergents — The inorganic components (1978)

Abstract The detergent industry uses about $2 billion of inorganic chemicals a year. Two products—sodium tripolyphosphate, with almost $1.5 billion sales, and sodium perborate, with around .3 billion salesdominate the field. They represent some 30% of a detergent powder raw material cost in the U.S. and 55% in Europe. Interest is developing in one new product, the zeolites, which in view of environmental considerations, may find a place in the formulator’s pallet but which have still to prove their merits and show an attractiveness to potential manufacturers.
An Energy-Efficient Mixed-Signal Parallel Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) Engine Based on Stochastic Computing (2019)

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have achieved excellent performance on various tasks, but deploying CNN to edge is constrained by the high energy consumption of convolution operation. Stochastic computing (SC) is an attractive paradigm which performs arithmetic operations with simple logic gates and low hardware cost. This paper presents an energy-efficient mixed-signal multiply-accumulate (MAC) engine based on SC. A parallel architecture is adopted in this work to solve the latency problem of SC. The simulation results show that the overall energy consumption of our design is 5.03pJ per 26-input MAC operation under 28nm CMOS technology.
CONTROLLABLE ABSORBING STRUCTURE OF METAMATERIAL AT MICROWAVE (2007)

A kind of controllable metamaterial absorbing structure is presented in this paper, both transmission coefficient and single radar cross section (RCS) are electrically controlled. This structure is composed from split ring resonators (SRRs) and metallic wire arrays including pin diodes, pin diodes are periodically inserted at these wire arrays discontinuous, and they can be either in an on state or in an off state depending on the voltage to realize the electronic control. We use the metallic wave-guides theory, ANSOFT HFSS, high impedance surface (HIS), radiation boundary conditions, and a master-slave (M/S) relationship between each of the periodic boundary conditions (PBC's) pairs, to simulate the transmission coefficient and single radar cross section (RCS), and simulation proves that this method and technology can absorb vertical incident microwave. This is very useful for getting zero-reflected power and better aircraft stealth performance in the future.
Analytic Expressions for Determining the Concentrations of Absorber in Turbid Media by Time-Gating Measurements (1998)

We propose analytic expressions newly developed based on the microscopic Beer-Lambert law to determine the concentrations of absorber in turbid media by time-gating measurements. The changes in the concentration and the absolute concentrations of an absorber are simply determined by three observable values; the time-gated reemission, newly defined mean pathlength, and extinction coefficient of the absorber. The validity of the expressions has been confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations and experiments at various absorption levels with different time-gates. Our expressions thus can be used for quantitative imaging and tomography of turbid media.
Structure-Based Design of Selective β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) Inhibitors: Targeting the Flap to Gain Selectivity over BACE2 (2019)

BACE1 inhibitors hold potential as agents in disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease. BACE2 cleaves the melanocyte protein PMEL in pigment cells of the skin and eye, generating melanin pigments. This role of BACE2 implies that nonselective and chronic inhibition of BACE1 may cause side effects derived from BACE2. Herein, we describe the discovery of potent and selective BACE1 inhibitors using structure-based drug design. We targeted the flap region, where the shape and flexibility differ between these enzymes. Analysis of the cocrystal structures of an initial lead 8 prompted us to incorporate spirocycles followed by its fine-tuning, culminating in highly selective compounds 21 and 22. The structures of 22 bound to BACE1 and BACE2 revealed that a relatively high energetic penalty in the flap of the 22-bound BACE2 structure may cause a loss in BACE2 potency, thereby leading to its high selectivity. These findings and insights should contribute to responding to the challenges in exploring selective BACE1 inhibitors.
Construction of a Genetic Linkage Map in Tetraploid Species Using Molecular Markers (2001)

This article presents methodology for the construction of a linkage map in an autotetraploid species, using either codominant or dominant molecular markers scored on two parents and their full-sib progeny. The steps of the analysis are as follows: identification of parental genotypes from the parental and offspring phenotypes; testing for independent segregation of markers; partition of markers into linkage groups using cluster analysis; maximum-likelihood estimation of the phase, recombination frequency, and LOD score for all pairs of markers in the same linkage group using the EM algorithm; ordering the markers and estimating distances between them; and reconstructing their linkage phases. The information from different marker configurations about the recombination frequency is examined and found to vary considerably, depending on the number of different alleles, the number of alleles shared by the parents, and the phase of the markers. The methods are applied to a simulated data set and to a small set of SSR and AFLP markers scored in a full-sib population of tetraploid potato.
Unexpected babesiosis in a patient with worsening anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2016)

![Figure][1] 

A 34-year-old man with myelofibrosis underwent HLA-matched unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with major ABO incompatibility, complicated by pure red cell aplasia requiring red blood cell transfusion for several months, and by graft-versus-host disease
Comparison of Breast Cancer Molecular Features and Survival by African and European Ancestry in The Cancer Genome Atlas (2017)

On the molecular level, after adjusting for intrinsic subtype frequency differences, this study found a modest number of genomic differences but a significant clinical survival outcome difference between blacks and whites in The Cancer Genome Atlas data set. Moreover, more than 40% of breast cancer subtype frequency differences could be explained by genetic variants. These data could form the basis for the development of molecular targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes for the specific subtypes of breast cancers that disproportionately affect black women. Findings also indicate that personalized risk assessment and optimal treatment could reduce deaths from aggressive breast cancers for black women.
Applications of qualitative modeling to knowledge-based risk assessment studies (1989)

Risk assessment of technological processes (chemical and power plants, electro-mechanical systems) is a complex process that requires enumeration of all possible failure modes, their probability of occurrence, and their consequences. Traditionally such studies have been performed by a committee of expert engineers with diverse backgrounds. This paper discusses the use of qualitative modeling techniques based on deriving behavior from structural descriptions and causal reasoning to aid automating and enhancing the risk analysis process. Hierarchical schemes are used for describing component structure, and system functionality is derived from a set of primitive functions and parameters defined for the domain. The system uses these models to automatically generate fault and event networks for hypothesized fault situations specified by users.
Deductive Techniques for Simulating Logic Circuits (1975)

The use of logic simulation to facilitate the development of computers, telephone switching processors, and other digital systems has almost become an accepted industrial practice. In order to improve the quality of the design, to evaluate design alternatives, and to shorten development intervals, logic simulators have found wide-spread applications in design checkout and verification, derivation and validation of fault-detection and fault-isolation tests, and management of design and manufacturing data. Because of this, the efficiency of logic simulation techniques has also become a vital concern among the simulator developers and the users.
Proarrhythmia Associated With Cisapride in Children (1998)

Cisapride may cause prolongation of ventricular repolarization in children. There does not appear to be increased heterogeneity of repolarization or delayed depolarization in this small sample. The proarrhythmia may be exacerbated by medications that inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 hepatic metabolism, overdosage, or mechanisms that result in decreased serum clearance. ECG intervals should be monitored in children maintained on cisapride, particularly when used in combination with other known QT-prolonging medications.
Beam quality of photonic-crystal fibers (2005)

In this paper, we investigate the beam quality of photonic-crystal fibers (PCFs) with one, three, and seven missing airholes. The beam quality factor M/sup 2/ of a PCF is generally larger than unity, even if it is single mode. The results are especially important for the design and measurements of single-mode PCF lasers. A comparison between an M/sup 2/ measurement of the laser beam and the reported numbers can establish whether a PCF laser is operating as single mode or is contaminated by higher order modes.
Synthese von Anhydriden der A‐Seco‐steroidreihe mit 10β‐Methyl‐ oder 10β‐Methoxycarbonylsubstitution (1979)

Abstract A‐Seco‐ und A‐Nor‐A‐seco‐dicarbonsäuren der Cholestanreihe und deren Anhydride wurden aus 2α‐Brom‐3‐ketonen durch Baeyer‐Villiger‐Oxidation, Dehydrobromierung der erhaltenen Lactone und oxidative Spaltung derer Doppelbindung in guter Ausbeute dargestellt. 19‐Funktionalisierte A‐Nor‐A‐seco‐steroiddicarbonsäuren wurden so erstmals zugänglich.