gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Proton Relaxation Rates in Tissue (1984)

It is well established that the longitudinal magnetic relaxation rate of solvent water protons, 1/T1, increases markedly in homogeneous protein solutions as the magnetic field is reduced well below the traditional NMR range. For a 5% solution of protein of 10(5) Da, for example, 1/T1 increases from about 50% above the pure water rate of 20 MHz to five times the water rate at 0.01 MHz. For tissue, including blood, the behavior is similar. Data for blood show that extracellular water has ready access to the hemoglobin inside red blood cells, which causes the enhanced relaxation. The extent to which cell water can sample the spatial structure of soft tissue, and how this structure influences relaxation rates, is as yet unknown. Nonetheless, the relaxation data for tissue can be accommodated within the conceptual framework developed earlier for analyzing homogeneous solutions of diamagnetic proteins. The variation of 1/T1 with field differs among tissues, and its magnitude at a given field can vary by more than a factor of three, far more than does the water content of the tissues. Solute complexes of paramagnetic ions with macromolecules, which increase the relaxation rates of solvent protons, can be introduced intravenously in tissue. They are known to accumulate in specific organs, and therefore have potential utility as contrast-enhancing agents in NMR imaging. Mn2+ and Gd3+, for example, produce characteristic dependences of 1/T1 on magnetic field that vary with the chemical state of the agent. The possibility exists, therefore, for monitoring the in vivo biochemistry of these agents.
Emerging technologies in extracellular vesicle-based molecular diagnostics (2014)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, have been shown to carry a variety of biomacromolecules including mRNA, microRNA and other non-coding RNAs. Within the past 5 years, EVs have emerged as a promising minimally invasive novel source of material for molecular diagnostics. Although EVs can be easily identified and collected from biological fluids, further research and proper validation is needed in order for them to be useful in the clinical setting. In addition, innovative and more efficient means of nucleic acid profiling are needed to facilitate investigations into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of EV function and to establish their potential as useful clinical biomarkers and therapeutic tools. In this article, we provide an overview of recent technological improvements in both upstream EV isolation and downstream analytical technologies, including digital PCR and next generation sequencing, highlighting future prospects for EV-based molecular diagnostics.
Investigation of the Photodynamic Effects of Curcumin Against <i>Candida albicans</i> (2011)

This study describes the association of curcumin with light emitting diode (LED) for the inactivation of Candida albicans. Suspensions of Candida were treated with nine curcumin concentrations and exposed to LED at different fluences. The protocol that showed the best outcomes for Candida inactivation was selected to evaluate the effect of the preirradiation time (PIT) on photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectiveness, the uptake of curcumin by C. albicans cells and the possible involvement of singlet oxygen in the photodynamic action. Curcumin-mediated PDT was also assessed against biofilms. In addition to the microbiological experiments, similar protocols were tested on a macrophage cell line and the effect was evaluated by Methyltetrazolium assay (MTT) and SEM analysis. The optical properties of curcumin were investigated as a function of illumination fluence. When compared with the control group, a statistically significant reduction in C. albicans viability was observed after PDT (P < 0.05), for both planktonic and biofilm cultures. Photodynamic effect was greatly increased with the presence of curcumin in the surrounding media and the PIT of 20 min improved PDT effectiveness against biofilms. Although PDT was phototoxic to macrophages, the therapy was more effective in inactivating the yeast cell than the defense cell. The spectral changes showed a high photobleaching rate of curcumin.
Peak to mean envelope power ratio of oversampled OFDM signals: an analytical approach (2002)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has a large peak to mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR), which can result in significant signal distortion in the presence of nonlinear amplifiers. We show that the peak of the continuous envelope of the OFDM signal can be bounded by the maximum of the corresponding oversampled sequence. This fact is then used as the cornerstone of our two-part study. In the first part, statistical analysis is used to find the probability upper bound for the complementary cumulative distribution function of PMEPR. It is also proven that for a large number of subcarriers, only one redundant bit is necessary to limit the PMEPR within 10 % of its maximum value. In the second part, PMEPR estimation using oversampling and the fast Fourier transform is revisited. Here, we introduce a novel measure on the estimation error using an oversampled OFDM signal.
Diagnosis of<i>Legionella</i>Infection (2003)

Legionellae, which are important causes of pneumonia in humans, continue to be incorrectly labeled as exotic pathogens. The ability to diagnose Legionella infection is limited by the nonspecific nature of clinical features and the shortcomings of diagnostic tests. Despite recent improvements, existing diagnostic tests for Legionella infection either lack sensitivity for detecting all clinically important legionellae or are unable to provide results within a clinically useful time frame. Understanding local Legionella epidemiology is important for making decisions about whether to test for Legionella infection and which diagnostic tests to use. In most situations, the use of both the urinary antigen test plus sputum culture is the best diagnostic combination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a promising tool, but standardized assays are not commercially available. Further work needs to focus on the development of urinary antigen tests assays that detect a wider range of pathogenic legionellae and on the development of standardized PCR assays.
Europium location in the AlN: Eu green phosphor prepared by a gas-reduction-nitridation route (2012)

Eu doped aluminum nitride phosphors were successfully synthesized by a novel gas-reduction-nitridation route with a reaction temperature of 1400 °C and a soaking time of 3 h. The obtained AlN:Eu phosphors were analyzed to elucidate the location of the Eu luminescent center. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectra proved that Eu was located in the crystal lattice of AlN, then EXAFS revealed that Eu occupied a highly distorted Al site coordinated by four nitrogen at about 2.30–2.40 Å, and the second nearest neighbors of Eu were 12 Al. This could be confirmed by the first-principles calculations based on the obtained local structure around the Eu luminescence center, where the theoretical absorption spectrum was similar to the experimental excitation spectrum. X-ray appearance near edge structure showed that Eu existed in terms of both Eu3+ and Eu2+ ions, which could be related to the limited location space of Eu. High temperature treatment could significantly increase the amount of Eu2+ by the expansion of the crystal lattice, leading to an increased green luminescence of the obtained AlN:Eu phosphors.
[Research of corneal ectasia following laser in-situ keratomileusis in rabbits]. (2002)

The ablation depth of cornea and high IOP had a significant effect on corneal ectasia after LASIK treatment for myopia respectively and together. It suggested that the over ablation quantity on cornea and high IOP were the main reasons for keratoconus after LASIK.
Radar objects detection and imaging for ground-based vehicle collision avoidance: computer simulation results and safety aspects (2007)

The scope of this paper is to illustrate a new concept of a multi-sensor system for obstacle detection, and collision avoidance by controlling the motion of the vehicle traveling at very high speed regimes, of the order of 250 km/h. The paper illustrates the primary requirement of safety for the vehicle and the passengers and presents the effects of relative motion at such high speeds on radar data quality. A new mathematical model is described for calculating the effects of scintillation on detection range and Doppler velocity. Results indicate large spread around the expected values of range and Doppler depending on propagation and type of fluctuation of the signal. For improved obstacle detection and tracking is concluded that the effects of fluctuations of front radar measurements need to be compensated by measurements from a reference sensor on board, for example a rear sensor.
Structure–activity relationships in Toll-like receptor 7 agonistic 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines (2013)

Engagement of TLR7 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells leads to the induction of IFN-α/β which plays essential functions in the control of adaptive immunity. We had previously examined structure-activity relationships (SAR) in TLR7/8-agonistic imidazoquinolines with a focus on substituents at the N(1), C(2), N(3) and N(4) positions, and we now report SAR on 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines. 1-Benzyl-2-butyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine was found to be a pure TLR7-agonist with negligible activity on TLR8. Increase in potency was observed in N(6)-substituted analogues, especially in those compounds with electron-rich substituents. Direct aryl-aryl connections at C6 abrogated activity, but TLR7 agonism was reinstated in 6-benzyl and 6-phenethyl analogues. Consistent with the pure TLR7-agonistic behavior, prominent IFN-α induction in human PBMCs was observed with minimal proinflammatory cytokine induction. A benzologue of imidazoquinoline was also synthesized which showed substantial improvements in potency over the parent imidazopyridine. Distinct differences in N(6)-substituted analogues were observed with respect to IFN-α induction in human PBMCs on the one hand, and CD69 upregulation in lymphocytic subsets, on the other.
STUDY ON PREPARATION OF ISOMALTO-OLIGOSACCHRIDES FROM WHEAT STARCH (2001)

This paper studied enzymatic preparation of isomalto oligosacchrides by using wheat starch as raw material.Liquefied by thermostable α amylase“SPEZYME Fred”,sacchrified by fungal α amylase “CLARASE L” and transglucosylated by “Transglucosidase L-500”(all from GENENCOR International Inc.).The optimum conditions were obtained:liquefied to 15 17 DE,sacchrified and transglucosylated at 55℃ for 24 hours,pH 4.5,10 SKBU/g CLARASE L and 1.4 TGU/g Transglucosidase L-500 added.The product contains 23.3% isomaltose,13.9% panose and 10.2% isomaltotriose.Its quality is superior to those in the market.
Topical Vitamin A Acid in Acne Vulgaris (1969)

The therapeutic effectiveness of four local forms of treatment was compared in acne vulgaris: (a) sulfur-resorcinol; (b) benzoyl peroxide; (c) vitamin A acid; and, (d) an inert vehicle. The method of assessment was counting all the lesions on one side of the face at weekly intervals. The order of increasing therapeutic efficacy was: vehicle, sulfur-resorcinol, benzoyl peroxide, and vitamin A acid. Vitamin A acid increased the rate of production of loose horny cells in the follicular canal, thus preventing formation of comedones and unseating existing ones. The treatment frequently produces a worsening of the clinical picture during the initial phase of therapy. It is palliative, not curative; relapses occasionally occur when treatment is stopped.
Milk-derived proteins and peptides in clinical trials (2013)

Clinical trials are reviewed, involving proteins and peptides derived from milk (predominantly bovine), with the exception of lactoferrin, which will be the subject of another article. The most explored milk fraction is α-lactalbumin (LA), which is often applied with glycomacropeptide (GMP) - a casein degradation product. These milk constituents are used in health-promoting infant and adult formulae as well as in a modified form (HAMLET) to treat cancer. Lactoperoxidase (LCP) is used as an additive to mouth hygiene products and as a salivary substitute. Casein derivatives are applied, in addition, in the dry mouth syndrome. On the other hand, casein hydrolysates, containing active tripeptides, found application in hypertension and in type 2 diabetes. Lysozyme is routinely used for food conservation and in pharmaceutical products. It was successfully used in premature infants with concomitant diseases to improve health parameters. When used as prophylaxis in patients with scheduled surgery, it significantly reduced the incidence of hepatitis resulting from blood transfusion. Lysozyme was also used in infected children as an antimicrobial agent showing synergistic effects in combination with different antibiotics. Proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) was introduced to therapy of Alzheimer's disease patients. The therapeutic value of PRP was proved in several clinical trials and supported by studies on its mechanism of action. Concentrated immunoglobulin preparations from colostrum and milk of hyperimmunized cows showed efficacy in prevention of infections by bacteria, viruses and protozoa. A nutrition formula with milk-derived TGF-β2 (Modulen IBD®) found application in treatment of pediatric Crohn's disease. In conclusion, the preparations containing milk-derived products are safe and effective measures in prevention and treatment of infections as well as autoimmune and neoplastic diseases.
Stereospecificγ-lactamase activity in aPseudomonas fluorescens species (1996)

Twenty five environmental isolates enriched for their ability to grow onN-acetylphenylalanine as sole carbon source were investigated for their hydrolytic action on (+)γ-lactam (2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one). Strain CMC 3060, a mucoidal Gram-negative rod identified as a strain ofPseudomonas fluorescens, produced high levels of (+)lactamase, and was subsequently found to produce two distinct intracellular enantiomer-selective, γ-lactamases, one for each isomer. The (+)lactamase was produced constitutively whereas the (-lactamase was produced only in the presence of the substrate. The (+)lactamase was stable when stored as a frozen cell paste but unstable as a protein solution, losing activity during purification and storage. This enzyme was highly selective for the (+)lactam and showed no activity against a wide range of similar compounds. By use of rapid purification techniques and the inclusion of protease inhibitors and protein stabilisers, the (+)lactamase was purified to homogeneity by FPLC and found to be a monomer of molecular weight 61000 Da.
Inhibition of IkappaB kinase beta restrains oncogenic proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. (2008)

These results identify IKKbeta as an attractive molecular target for pancreatic cancer therapy.
Novel interrogating system for fibre Bragg grating sensors using an acousto-optic tunable filter (1993)

A new technique for the interrogation of in-fibre Bragg grating sensors using an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is demonstrated. The scheme involves frequency shift keying (FSK) of the RF drive to the AOTF to track the wavelength shifts of a Bragg grating. Experimental results are presented for temperature measurement. This technique provides a frequency-agile system, capable of rapid, random access and very wide tuning range.
Unique Responses of Stem Cell-Derived Vascular Endothelial and Mesenchymal Cells to High Levels of Glucose (2012)

Diabetes leads to complications in selected organ systems, and vascular endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and loss is the key initiating and perpetuating step in the development of these complications. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that hyperglycemia leads to EC dysfunction in diabetes. Vascular stem cells that give rise to endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) represent an attractive target for cell therapy for diabetic patients. Whether these vascular stem/progenitor cells succumb to the adverse effects of high glucose remains unknown. We sought to determine whether adult vascular stem/progenitor cells display cellular activation and dysfunction upon exposure to high levels of glucose as seen in diabetic complications. Mononuclear cell fraction was prepared from adult blood and bone marrow. EPCs and MPCs were derived, characterized, and exposed to either normal glucose (5 mmol/L) or high glucose levels (25 mmol/L). We then assayed for cell activity and molecular changes following both acute and chronic exposure to high glucose. Our results show that high levels of glucose do not alter the derivation of either EPCs or MPCs. The adult blood-derived EPCs were also resistant to the effects of glucose in terms of growth. Acute exposure to high glucose levels increased caspase-3 activity in EPCs (1.4x increase) and mature ECs (2.3x increase). Interestingly, MPCs showed a transient reduction in growth upon glucose challenge. Our results also show that glucose skews the differentiation of MPCs towards the adipocyte lineage while suppressing other mesenchymal lineages. In summary, our studies show that EPCs are resistant to the effects of high levels of glucose, even following chronic exposure. The findings further show that hyperglycemia may have detrimental effects on the MPCs, causing reduced growth and altering the differentiation potential.
On The Infra-red Spectra of the Alkalies (1893)

O UR knowledge of the infra-red portion of the solar spectrum is confined almost entirely to investigations which have been made during the last fifty years.As early as the year 1840, Sir John Herschel 2 succeeded in showing an uneven distribution of energy in that part of the solar spectrum lying beyond the red, by allowing the spectrum of the sun's rays to fall upon a paper moistened with alcohol, and observing that at certain places in the invisible spectrum the paper dried more rapidly than at others.From this he concluded that the continuous solar spectrum is crossed at intervals by cold bands.Later investigators have employed a variety of methods to confirm these results.Draper, 3 the two Becquerels 4 and Lommel 5 by means of phosphorescent plates, Fizeau and Foucault 6 by using a thermometer, Lamansky, 7 Mouton, 8 and Dessains 9 with the thermopile, Abney 10 by photographic methods, and finally 1 From Wiedemann's Annalen Bd. 47 (communicated by the author).
Desfecho neurológico, neuropsicológico e neuropsiquiátrico de um caso de cavernoma mesencefálico pós-cirúrgico (2016)

"Sintomas neurocognitivos e psiquiátricos são incomuns em lesões focais de tronco encefálico, mais especificamente no mesencéfalo. Lesões deste tipo oportunizam o estudo dos mecanismos neuroanatomofuncionais dinâmicos de funcionamento da cognição e das emoções. O estudo apresenta o caso de um paciente, 29 anos de idade, sexo masculino e ensino superior incompleto, que realizou duas intervenções neurocirúrgicas de ressecção de um cavernoma mesencefálico dorsal à direita e seu desfecho neurológico, neuropsicológico e psiquiátrico dois meses após a segunda neurocirurgia. Foram utilizados s ubtestes da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Adultos (Vocabulário, Dígitos, Cubos, Semelhanças, Raciocínio Matricial), os testes Figura Complexa de Rey - Osterrieth, Teste de Aprendizagem Auditivo - verbal de Rey, fluência verbal fonológica, Teste Hayling e as tarefas clínicas de Evocação Livre e Seletiva com Pistas e Nomeação Oral de Bachy - Languedock. Além disso, foram utilizados o Questionário de Síndrome Disexecutiva e os Inventários Beck de Depressão e Ansiedade. Os resultados da investigação do caso in dicaram a associação da lesão mesencefálica dorsal direita a déficits neurológicos sensoriais e motores, cognitivos (memória episódica e funções executivas: inibição e flexibilidade cognitiva) e na regulação emocional. Alguns desses sintomas são bem relata dos em doenças que afetam o mesencéfalo, como a doença de Parkinson. Este estudo de caso buscou ilustrar e corroborar o conhecimento sobre a complexidade dos déficits que podem ser encontrados em casos de cavernomas circunscritos ao mesencéfalo. Dessa form a, aponta para a necessidade de uma avaliação neuropsicológica abrangente em casos de lesões mesencefálicas, em vista da diversidade de alterações que podem ser encontradas. Ainda, os achados apontam para a necessidade de acompanhamento de equipes multidi sciplinares desses casos após intervenções neurocirúrgicas."
A New Construction of Time Capsule Signature. (2006)

In this paper we introduce a new approach of constructing time capsule signature. Our new construction captures the basic requirements defined by dodis et al., and it is also very straightforward and flexible. The time capsule signature provides an elegant way to produce a &quot;future signature&quot; that becomes valid from a specific future time t, when a trusted third party (called Time Server) publishes some trapdoor information associated with the time t. It also has many other advantages. Our work includes a developed security model of time capsule signature, a novel way of construction based on the bipartite ring signature, which is proven secure in the random oracle model and a concrete realization of the scheme.
The DRIP Complex and SRC-1/p160 Coactivators Share Similar Nuclear Receptor Binding Determinants but Constitute Functionally Distinct Complexes (2000)

Transcriptional activation requires both access to DNA assembled as chromatin and functional contact with components of the basal transcription machinery. Using the hormone-bound vitamin D(3) receptor (VDR) ligand binding domain (LBD) as an affinity matrix, we previously identified a novel multisubunit coactivator complex, DRIP (VDR-interacting proteins), required for transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors and several other transcription factors. In this report, we characterize the nuclear receptor binding features of DRIP205, a key subunit of the DRIP complex, that interacts directly with VDR and thyroid hormone receptor in response to ligand and anchors the other DRIP subunits to the nuclear receptor LBD. In common with other nuclear receptor coactivators, DRIP205 interaction occurs through one of two LXXLL motifs and requires the receptor's AF-2 subdomain. Although the second motif of DRIP205 is required only for VDR binding in vitro, both motifs are used in the context of an retinoid X receptor-VDR heterodimer on DNA and in transactivation in vivo. We demonstrate that both endogenous p160 coactivators and DRIP complexes bind to the VDR LBD from nuclear extracts through similar sequence requirements, but they do so as distinct complexes. Moreover, in contrast to the p160 family of coactivators, the DRIP complex is devoid of any histone acetyltransferase activity. The results demonstrate that different coactivator complexes with distinct functions bind to the same transactivation region of nuclear receptors, suggesting that they are both required for transcription activation by nuclear receptors.
UHF Oscillator Performance Using Thin Film Resonator Based Topologies (1987)

Thin-film bulk-acoustic-wave resonators (TFR) synthesized using either ZnO or AlN for piezoelectric transduction have been used as the basis for low insertion loss UHF and L-band bandpass filters. In this paper, we report the design, implementation, and characterization of UHF and L-band generalized Pierce oscillators using two-pole TFR based filter configurations and silicon delay lines in the feedback circuit as a precursor study to direct integration. Circuit analysis and the design procedure use discrete element models implemented with SPICE 2G. Onset of oscillation was computed using the Barkhausen criteria and measured data for both commercial amplifier modules and the TFR filters and delay lines. Experimental measurements show phase noise performance from -90 dBc/Hz to -100 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz with carrier frequencies of 1200 MHz.