gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo “hot spot” MR imaging of neural stem cells using fluorinated nanoparticles (2008)

To optimize (19)F MR tracking of stem cells, we compared cellular internalization of cationic and anionic perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether (PFCE) nanoparticles using cell culture plates with different surface coatings. The viability and proliferation of anionic and cationic PFCE-labeled neural stem cells (NSCs) did not differ from unlabeled cells. Cationic PFCE nanoparticles ((19)F T1/T2 = 580/536 ms at 9.4 Tesla) were superior to anionic particles for intracellular fluorination. Best results were obtained with modified polystyrene culture dishes coated with both carboxylic and amino groups rather than conventional carboxyl-coated dishes. After injecting PFCE-labeled NSCs into the striatum of mouse brain, cells were readily identified in vivo by (19)F MRI without changes in signal or viability over a 2-week period after grafting. These results demonstrate that neural stem cells can be efficiently fluorinated with cationic PFCE nanoparticles without using transfection agents and visualized in vivo over prolonged periods with an MR sensitivity of approximately 140 pmol of PFCE/cell.
Implementing an Interpreter for Functional Rules in a Query Optimizer (1988)

Query optimizers translate a high-level, user-submitted query into an efficient plan for executing that query, usually by estimating the execution cost of many different alternative plans. Existing implementations of these sophisticated but complex components of relational database management systems (DBMSS) typically embed the available strategies in the optimizer code, making them difficult to modify or enhance as improved strategies become available. In the last few years, interest in making DBMSs customizable for new application areas has magnified this need for flexible specification of execution strategies in a query optimizer. Several researchers have recently proposed query optimizers that are generated from rules for transforming plans into alternative plans. However, little progress has been reported on developing an implementation design that satisfies the requirements for high degrees of both flexibility and performance in an extensible query optimizer. This paper presents a design for implementing a query optimizer that interprets a new kind of compositional rules for specifying alternative execution strategies that are input to the optimizer as data. Modifications to these function-like rules do not necessitate re
Reconstructing multishell solids from voxel-based contours (1993)

No abstract available.
Impact of DG Interface Control on Islanding Detection and Nondetection Zones (2006)

Islanding detection of Distributed Generation (DG) is considered as one of the most important aspects when interconnecting DGs to the distribution system. With the increasing penetration and reliance of the distribution systems on DGs, new interface control strategies are being proposed. Aside from its main task of supplying active power, the DG could provide voltage support, improve the power factor, or mitigate other power quality problems. This paper examines the impact of the interface control strategy of inverter based DGs on islanding detection. The Nondetective Zone (NDZ) for over/under voltage and over/under frequency is derived analytically for each interface control and validated by simulation.
Eigenfracture: An Eigendeformation Approach to Variational Fracture (2009)

We propose an approximation scheme for a variational theory of brittle fracture. In this scheme, the energy functional is approximated by a family of functionals depending on a small parameter and on two fields: the displacement field and an eigendeformation field that describes the fractures that occur in the body. Specifically, the eigendeformations allow the displacement field to develop jumps that cost no local elastic energy. However, this local relaxation requires the expenditure of a certain amount of fracture energy. We provide a construction, based on the consideration of $\varepsilon$-neighborhoods of the support of the eigendeformation field, for calculating the right amount of fracture energy associated with the eigendeformation field. We prove the $\Gamma$-convergence of the eigendeformation functional sequence, and of finite element approximations of the eigendeformation functionals, to the Griffith-type energy functional introduced in Francfort and Marigo [J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 46 (1998), pp. 1319–1342]. This type of convergence ensures the convergence of eigendeformation solutions, and of finite element approximations thereof, to brittle-fracture solutions. Numerical examples concerned with quasi-static mixed-mode crack propagation illustrate the versatility and robustness of the approach and its ability to predict crack-growth patterns in brittle solids.
Achieving desired results and improved outcomes: Integrating planning and assessment throughout learning activities (2009)

Most physicians believe that to provide the best possible care to their patients, they must commit to continuous learning. For the most part, it appears the learning activities currently available to physicians do not provide opportunities for meaningful continuous learning. At the same time there have been increasing concerns about the quality of health care, and a variety of groups within organized medicine have proposed approaches to address issues of physician competence and performance. The authors question whether CME will be accepted as a full partner in these new approaches if providers continue to use current approaches to planning and assessing CME. A conceptual model is proposed for planning and assessing continuous learning for physicians that the authors believe will help CME planners address issues of physician competence, physician performance, and patient health status.
Betaherpesviruses in transplant recipients (2000)

The three betaherpesviruses known to infect humans are cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and -7). All three viruses can infect opportunistically after organ transplantation. CMV causes a variety of end-organ diseases, including pneumonitis, hepatitis and gastrointestinal ulceration. Patients who develop overt CMV disease have significantly higher CMV viral loads than infected patients without evidence of clinical disease. A high CMV viral load largely explains the previously described risk factors for the development of CMV disease, which include donor/recipient serostatus before transplant and viraemia after transplant. CMV also causes some cases of allograft rejection, which can be prevented by antiviral prophylaxis. Application of similar quantitative methods for the study of HHV-6 and -7 have shown that HHV-6 and CMV are significantly and independently associated with biopsy-proven graft rejection after liver transplantation. The full clinicopathological significance of the betaherpesviruses may, thus, be greater than is currently appreciated.
Synthetic testing of a.c. circuit breakers. Part 1: Methods of testing and relative severity (1966)

The paper describes the first phase of a collaborative investigation into the practicability of the synthetic testing of circuit breakers in which current and voltage are supplied from independent sources. Two basic forms, current injection and voltage injection, are discussed, and reasons given for the choice of the method of current injection suggested by the ERA. A statistical approach has been made to the investigation, and the results of a very large number of tests using air-blast circuit breakers on a single-phase circuit, with one loop of current, are given.The tests, which cover a range of powers from 33 to 1200MVA, have been made with the objects of establishing the validity of the method and determining the relative severity of the direct and synthetic tests. Analysis of the results shows that, provided particular attention is given to the voltage and current waveforms around the current-zero period, the method is valid, and there is no significant difference between the seventies of the direct and synthetic tests.Mention is made of both practical and analytical studies of the application of the basic synthetic circuit to the various circuit arrangements and test duties normally associated with direct testing, and it is concluded that the proving of circuit breakers with low-arcing-voltage characteristics is a practical proposition, and that validity will also hold for powers above the limit of 1200MVA so far investigated.
Remote Sensing Image Fusion Using Multiscale Mapped LS-SVM (2008)

The panchromatic (Pan) sharpening of multispectral (MS) bands is an important technique in the various applications of satellite remote sensing. This paper presents an MS Pan- sharpening method using the proposed multiscale mapped least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM). Under the LS-SVM framework, the salient features underlying the image are represented by support values, and the support value transform (SVT) is developed for image information extraction. The low-resolution MS bands are resampled to the fine scale of the Pan image and sharpened by injecting the detailed features extracted from the high-resolution Pan image. The support value analysis is implemented by using a series of multiscale support value filters that are deduced from the mapped LS-SVM with multiscale Gaussian radial basis function kernels. Experiments are carried out on very high resolution QuickBird MS + Pan data. Fusion simulations on spatially degraded data, whose original MS bands are available for reference, show that the proposed MS Pan-sharpening method performs comparable to the state-of-the-art in terms of the pertained quantitative quality evaluation indexes, such as the Spectral Angle Mapper, relative dimensionless global error in synthesis (ERGAS), modulation-transfer-function-based tool and quality index (Q4), etc. The SVT is an effective tool for remote sensing image fusion.
Metastability behavior of CMOS ASIC flip-flops in theory and test (1989)

Basic flip-flop structures are compared with the main emphasis on CMOS ASIC implementations. Flip-flop properties are analyzed by means of simplified models, some structural approaches for optimized metastable behavior are discussed. A special integrated test circuit which facilitates accurate and reproducible measurements is presented. The circuit has been used for carrying out metastability measurements in a wide temperature and voltage range to predict circuit parameters for worst-case designs. Results from measurements and circuit simulation indicate that different criteria for optimizing flip-flop performance should be used for synchronizers and for those applications where the observation of timing constraints imposed on flip-flop input signals can be guaranteed. These results can help in determining the reliability of existing synchronizer and arbiter designs. By means of special synchronizer cells the reliability of asynchronous interfaces can be improved significantly, enabling the system design to gain speed and flexibility in communication between independently clocked submodules.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enzyme inhibitors. 26. Bridging hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions on adenosine deaminase with some 9-(2-hydroxy-3-alkyl)adenines (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzyme inhibitors. 26. Bridging hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions on adenosine deaminase with some 9-(2-hydroxy-3-alkyl)adeninesHoward J. Schaeffer and Charles F. SchwenderCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 1, 6–8Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00247a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00247a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views286Altmetric-Citations246LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biomarkers for immunotherapy in bladder cancer: a moving target (2017)

Treatment options for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) remained relative unchanged over the last 30 years with combination chemotherapy as the mainstay of treatment. Within the last year the landscape for mUC has seismically shifted following the approval of five therapies targeting the programmed cell death protein (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. Notably, the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab demonstrated improved OS relative to chemotherapy in a randomized phase III study for second line treatment of mUC; this level 1 evidence led to approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The PD-1 antibody nivolumab also demonstrated an overall survival benefit, in this case in comparison to historical controls. Similarly, antibodies targeting PD-L1 including atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab have now received accelerated approval from the FDA as second line treatments for mUC, with durable response lasting more than 1 year in some patients. Some of these agents are approved in the first line setting as well - based on single-arm phase II studies atezolizumab and pembrolizumab received accelerated approval for first-line treatment of cisplatin ineligible patients. Despite these multiple approvals, the development of clinically useful biomarkers to determine the optimal treatment for patients remains somewhat elusive. In this review, we examine key clinical trial results with anti-PD1/PD-L1 antibodies and discuss progress towards developing novel biomarkers beyond PD-L1 expression.
Implicit extrusion fields: general concepts and some simple applications (2002)

Presents a new interpretation of the binary blending operator of implicit modeling. Instead of considering the operator as a composition of potential functions, we propose to consider it as an implicit curve extruded in an implicit extrusion field. An implicit extrusion field is a 2D space for which each coordinate is a potential field. The study of general concepts around implicit extrusion fields allows us to introduce the theoretical notion of free-form blending, controlled point-by-point by the user. Through the use of functional interpolation functions, we propose modeling tools to create, sculpt or combine implicit primitives by extrusion of a profile in an implicit extrusion field.
In-situ oil shale process development (1975)

The Garrett process is described and plant is shown on plates. Operation, analyses, tests, and communications are discussed.
Identification and characterization of the NMYC gene product in human neuroblastoma cells by monoclonal antibodies with defined specificities. (1986)

Increased N-myc (now designated NMYC in human gene nomenclature) gene expression has been detected at the transcriptional level in certain types of neoplasms. As yet, the N-myc gene product has not been identified. To detect and characterize the N-myc gene product, we have developed monoclonal antibodies against the putative N-myc gene product made in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein. The antibodies that recognize the N-myc-specific regions were selected on the basis of their reactivities to different portions of the fusion protein. These monoclonal antibodies detect a pair of closely migrating polypeptides of 60 and 63 kDa in nuclear fractions of human neuroblastoma cells. The relative levels of the polypeptides are roughly proportional to the level of N-myc transcripts present in a panel of neuroblastoma lines. These two polypeptides have a half-life of approximately equal to 35 min, and they are indistinguishable from each other by their epitopic profiles.
Flat Panel Displays (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Flat Panel Display Major Technologies New Reality in Flat Panel Display Display Size Three Ways to do Color Matrix Addressing Problem The Emergence of LCDS The Liquid Crystal Display Advantage Technical Challenge
Woman and the four winds (1870)

Journal Article Woman and the four winds Get access W. G. W. G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s4-V, Issue 112, 19 February 1870, Pages 200–201, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s4-V.112.200h Published: 19 February 1870
Influence of nucleotide identity on ribose 2′-hydroxyl reactivity in RNA (2009)

Hydroxyl-selective electrophiles, including N-methylisatoic anhydride (NMIA) and 1-methyl-7-nitroisatoic anhydride (1M7), are broadly useful for RNA structure analysis because they react preferentially with the ribose 2'-OH group at conformationally unconstrained or flexible nucleotides. Each nucleotide in an RNA has the potential to form an adduct with these reagents to yield a comprehensive, nucleotide-resolution, view of RNA structure. However, it is possible that factors other than local structure modulate reactivity. To evaluate the influence of base identity on the intrinsic reactivity of each nucleotide, we analyze NMIA and 1M7 reactivity using four distinct RNAs, under both native and denaturing conditions. We show that guanosine and adenosine residues have identical intrinsic 2'-hydroxyl reactivities at pH 8.0 and are 1.4 and 1.7 times more reactive than uridine and cytidine, respectively. These subtle, but statistically significant, differences do not impact the ability of selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension-based (SHAPE) methods to establish an RNA secondary structure or monitor RNA folding in solution because base-specific influences are much smaller than the reactivity differences between paired and unpaired nucleotides.
Quasi-normally-off MESFET logic for high-performance GaAs IC's (1980)

The stringent pinchoff voltage control required by the normally-off GaAs FET logic approach appears to be a very serious limitation to its LSI capability. This paper presents the operation and performance of a more tolerant logic IC approach intented to succeed in manufacturing high-performance digital GaAs IC's with LSI complexities. The so-called "quasi-normally-off" MESFET's are utilized, i.e., transistors operating as enhancement-mode devices but having a pinch-off voltage indifferently positive or negative (-0.3 to +0.2 V typically). As well as the genuine normally-off logic, quasi-normally-off digital IC's require a single power supply with a small voltage value (about +3 V). Six alternative circuit configurations, which exhibit different complexity-performance tradeoffs, have been studied by computer simulation. Furthermore, file performance capability of this logic was experimentally tested on 11-stage ring-oscillator circuits fabricated with 1 × 35 µm gate MESFET's. Minimum propagation delays in the range 95-135 ps (depending on the logic gate configuration) and speed-power products of 200-250 fJ (at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V_{DD} = 2.5</tex> V) were achieved. From these results, propagation times in the range 100-200 ps and figures of merit of 50-200 fJ can be expected for logic gates with 10-20-µm FET geometry and LSI-circuit fan-in/loading conditions.
Data traffic reduction schemes for sparse Cholesky factorizations (1988)

Load distribution schemes are presented which minimize the total data traffic in the Cholesky factorization of dense and sparse, symmetric, positive definite matrices on multiprocessor systems with local and shared memory. The total data traffic in factoring an n x n sparse, symmetric, positive definite matrix representing an n-vertex regular 2-D grid graph using n (sup alpha), alpha is equal to or less than 1, processors are shown to be O(n(sup 1 + alpha/2)). It is O(n(sup 3/2)), when n (sup alpha), alpha is equal to or greater than 1, processors are used. Under the conditions of uniform load distribution, these results are shown to be asymptotically optimal. The schemes allow efficient use of up to O(n) processors before the total data traffic reaches the maximum value of O(n(sup 3/2)). The partitioning employed within the scheme, allows a better utilization of the data accessed from shared memory than those of previously published methods.
2019 Index IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Vol. 25 (2019)

This index covers all technical items - papers, correspondence, reviews, etc. that appeared in this periodical during 2003, and items from previous years that were commented upon or corrected in 2003. Departments and other items may be also covered if they have been judged to have archival value. The Author Index contains the primary entry for each item, listed under the first author’s name. The primary entry includes the coauthors’ names, the title of the paper or other item, and its location, specified by the publication abbreviation, year, month, and inclusive pagination. The Subject Index contains entries describing the item under all appropriate subject headings, plus the first author’s name, the publication abbreviation, month, and year, and inclusive pages. Subject cross-references are included to assist in finding items of interest. Note that the item title is found only under the primary entry in the Author Index.
The Structure of GABPα/β: An ETS Domain- Ankyrin Repeat Heterodimer Bound to DNA (1998)

GA-binding protein (GABP) is a transcriptional regulator composed of two structurally dissimilar subunits. The alpha subunit contains a DNA-binding domain that is a member of the ETS family, whereas the beta subunit contains a series of ankyrin repeats. The crystal structure of a ternary complex containing a GABPalpha/beta ETS domain-ankyrin repeat heterodimer bound to DNA was determined at 2. 15 angstrom resolution. The structure shows how an ETS domain protein can recruit a partner protein using both the ETS domain and a carboxyl-terminal extension and provides a view of an extensive protein-protein interface formed by a set of ankyrin repeats. The structure also reveals how the GABPalpha ETS domain binds to its core GGA DNA-recognition motif.
HapColor: A graph coloring framework for polyploidy phasing (2015)

Polyploidy, the presence of more than two copies of each chromosome in the cells of an organism, is common in plants and animals, and finds important applications in the field of genetics. To understand structure of each chromosome using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), haplotype assembly is needed.We propose HapColor, a fragment partitioning approach, based on a new conflict graph model. We introduce a graph coloring algorithm followed by a color merging method to accurately group DNA short reads into any number of partitions depending on the ploidy level of the organism from which the sequencing data are derived. We compare HapColor with HapTree (a recently introduced polyploidy haplotyping), PGreedy (a polyploidy haplotyping that we develop based on Levy's well-known greedy algorithm) and RFP (a baseline random fragment partitioning method). Our analysis on Triploid, Tetraploid, Hexaploid, and Decaploid datasets demonstrate that HapColor substantially improves haplotype assembly accuracy of the other algorithms. The amount of improvement ranges from 25% to 90% depending on the ploidy level.