gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Promoter Analysis of the <i>cap8</i> Operon, Involved in Type 8 Capsular Polysaccharide Production in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1999)

The production of type 8 capsular polysaccharide (CP8) in Staphylococcus aureus is regulated in response to a variety of environmental factors. The cap8 genes required for the CP8 production in strain Becker are transcribed as a single large transcript by a primary promoter located within a 0.45-kb region upstream of the first gene of the cap8 gene cluster. In this study, we analyzed the primary cap8 promoter region in detail. We determined the transcription initiation site of the primary transcript by primer extension and identified the potential promoter sequences. We found several inverted and direct repeats upstream of the promoter. Deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis showed that a 10-bp inverted repeat of one of the repeats was required for promoter activity. We showed that the distance but not the specific sequences between the inverted repeat and the promoter was critical to the promoter activity. However, insertion of a DNA sequence with two or four helix turns in this intervening region had a slight effect on promoter activity. To demonstrate the biological significance of the 10-bp inverted repeat, we constructed a strain with a mutation in the repeat in the S. aureus Becker chromosome and showed that the repeat affected CP8 production mostly at the transcriptional level. By gel mobility shift assay, we demonstrated that strain Becker produced at least one protein capable of specific binding to the 10-bp inverted repeat, indicating that the repeat serves as a positive regulatory protein binding site. In addition, reporter gene fusion analysis showed that the cap8 promoter activity was influenced by various growth media and affected most by yeast extract. Our results suggest that yeast extract may exert its profound inhibitory effect on cap8 gene expression through the 10-bp inverted repeat element.
LOSS OF THE CDKN2A/p16 LOCUS DETECTED IN BLADDER IRRIGATION SPECIMENS BY FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (1997)

COSp16 loss is measurable in irrigation specimens and it correlates with clinical status. This assay may prove useful in screening for and managing bladder cancer.
Decision logic of an active braking system for powered two wheelers (2012)

Powered two-wheeler (PTW) users are exposed to a high risk of accidents leading to severe injuries and fatalities. The trend of PTW accidents has pointed out the need for an intervention on PTW safety with new and effective solutions. One of the possible answers came from the EC-funded Powered two wheeler Integrated Safety (PISa) project which identified the autonomous braking of the vehicle as one of the most promising safety functions for PTWs. The aim of this paper is to report on the design of the decision logic for deploying a PTW autonomous braking system in case of an imminent collision. Rationales and limitations for this pioneering application are given. The feasibility of the autonomous deceleration is demonstrated by an experimental study conducted with the PISa test bike implementing a prototype of the autonomous braking system, named the Active Braking (AB) system.
Can serum angiogenin be used to improve the diagnostic performance in prostate cancer screening? (2013)

Several biomarkers have been studied to avoid unnecessary biopsies resulting from suboptimal performance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. We aimed to assess the use of serum angiogenin as a prostate cancer diagnostic tool among candidates for biopsy. We selected 252 patients referred for ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy on the basis of an abnormal digital rectal examination and/or elevated total PSA. Serum angiogenin was quantitatively analyzed by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results of the prostatic pathology assessment (cancer vs. noncancer) were defined by biopsy. The median serum angiogenin levels were significantly higher in patients with prostate cancer (median: 487,500 vs. 414,800 pg/ml, P=0.008). Among patients with baseline tPSA of 4.0 ng/ml or less, 37.5% had serum angiogenin less than 389,000 pg/ml (sensitivity: 88.9%; specificity: 45.2%), and the probability of having prostate cancer varied from 22.5% before testing to 6.7% among those with low angiogenin levels. When further restricting the analyses to a group of patients with even lower probability of having cancer, on the basis of tPSA and f/t PSA values, the evaluation of serum angiogenin did not contribute toward a meaningful variation in the post-test probability of cancer. In conclusion, serum angiogenin levels may be useful to distinguish between cancer and noncancer patients among the candidates for prostatic biopsy in regular clinical practice. Further investigation is needed among patients with low PSA levels and to understand the relation between this biomarker and the long-term survival of prostate cancer patients.
A useful new enantiomerically pure synthon from malic acid: chelation controlled activation as a route to regioselectivity (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA useful new enantiomerically pure synthon from malic acid: chelation controlled activation as a route to regioselectivityGary E. Keck, Merritt B. Andrus, and Duane R. RomerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 1, 417–420Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00001a076https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00001a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1106Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Attenuation of Focal Ischemic Brain Injury in Mice Deficient in the ε1 (NR2A) Subunit of NMDA Receptor (1998)

The role of glutamate neurotoxicity in cerebral ischemia has long been advocated but still remains controversial, because various glutamate receptor (GluR) antagonists showed inconsistent protective efficacy in brain ischemia models. To address this central issue of ischemic brain damage more directly, we used mutant mice deficient in the GluRepsilon1 (NR2A) subunit of NMDA receptor with or without additional heterozygous mutation in the GluRepsilon2 (NR2B) subunit. Those mutant mice, as well as their littermates, were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia by introducing a 6-0 nylon suture from left common carotid artery. Brain injury volumes after 2 hr of suture insertion, as evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at 24 hr after ischemia, revealed significantly smaller injury size in GluRepsilon1 subunit knock-out mice compared with their wild-type littermates. The reduction in injury volume was not attributable to differences in body temperature or in blood flow during ischemia. Additional heterozygous GluRepsilon2 subunit disruption did not result in further reduction in injury volume. These data directly demonstrate relevance of NMDA receptor-mediated tissue injury after brain ischemia and provide evidence that GluRepsilon1 subunit is involved in these injurious mechanisms.
Jabber, E-mail and Beyond (2005)

Application architecture, Data interchange, Distributed Systems, E-mail, Enterprise applications, Finance, Fragment, Internet, Interoperability, Middleware, SOAP, SVG, Unicode, Web Services, XML, XML-RPC, Atom, Messaging, Presence, Publish-Subscribe, Presence, RSS, Streaming, Syndication
Synovial cyst of the hip joint: an unusual cause of a pulsating groin mass. (2002)

Synovial cysts of the hip joint occur most frequently in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1). Despite the increasing frequency of arthroplasty of rheumatoid hips, case reports documenting synovial cysts remain extremely rare. This case report emphasizes the need for the surgeon to include a synovial cyst in the differential diagnosis of a painless groin mass, particularly in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The Effect of Flow Rate of Very Dilute Sulfuric Acid on Xylan, Lignin, and Total Mass Removal from Corn Stover (2004)

Flowing compressed hot water through cellulosic biomass enhances removal of total mass, xylan, and lignin and increases cellulose digestibility compared to batch operations at otherwise identical conditions. Staged countercurrent operation with very dilute sulfuric acid has been shown to provide similar benefits. This study focused on developing comprehensive information on the combined effects of flow and very low concentrations of sulfuric acid (0.05−0.1 wt %) on hemicellulose hydrolysis in corn stover at 180 °C. A flow rate of 10 mL/min in a 3.8-mL reactor enhanced xylan removal by about 25% compared to batch operation at the same conditions. More than half of the dissolved xylan was oligomeric, and the oligomer fraction increased with flow rate but decreased with acid concentration. Increasing fluid velocity at a constant residence time also significantly accelerated xylan solubilization. Although lignin removal was limited to about 12% without flow, up to half of the lignin was swept out with flow, and lignin removal could be related to hemicellulose dissolution at high flow rates. Enhancement of xylan removal at higher flow rates could be attributed to replenishment of sulfuric acid to compensate for neutralization by biomass minerals, but this possibility does not account for similar observations without acid addition. Thus, it is postulated that both mass transfer and chemical reaction influence hemicellulose solubilization. Furthermore, it appears that hemicellulose oligomer−lignin compounds dissolve initially but release lignin fractions that are less soluble or form low-solubility condensation compounds when held for extended times.
Why Did Your Mother Reject You? Immunogenetic Determinants of the Response to Environmental Selective Pressure Expressed at the Uterine Level (1999)

The embryo is most akin to a parasite, and pregnancy is most akin to a host-parasite interaction. If one excludes chromosome abnormalities in the embryo as a cause of death, activation of coagulation mechanisms, leading to vasculitis affecting the maternal blood supply to the implanted embryo, appears to represent a major loss-causing mechanisms--a form of ischemic autoamputation. Proinflammatory T-helper (Th) 1-type cytokines trigger this process via upregulation of a novel prothrombinase, fgl2. Th2/3 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 2, may antagonize the processes involved. Cytokine balance is determined by the genetics of the mother, which regulate her response to stress; endotoxin (LPS); and paternal antigens, selectively expressed on the trophoblast of the embryo, via imprinting. Based on studies in abortion-prone mice, where immunity to paternal alloantigens prevents loss, three distinct gene products in the embryo are proposed to determine the cytokine response to maternal lymphomyeloid cells in the uterus.
Positron Emission Tomography [<sup>15</sup>O]Water Studies with Short InterScan Interval for Single-Subject and Group Analysis: Influence of Background Subtraction (1998)

Use of short interscan interval [15O]water positron emission tomography (PET) studies reduces the overall study duration and may allow an increased number of scans for single-subject analysis of unique cases (e.g., stroke). The purpose of this study was to examine how subtraction of residual radioactivity from the previous injection (corrected scan) compared to nonsubtraction (uncorrected scan) in a PET short interscan interval (6 minutes) study affects single-subject and group data analysis using a motor activation task. Two currently widely used analytic strategies, Worsley's method and the SPM technique, were applied. Excellent agreement between activation maps obtained from corrected and uncorrected data sets was obtained both in single-subject analyses performed on data sets from the six normal subjects and three stroke (subcortical infarct) patients, and in group analysis (six normal subjects) within a particular statistical method. The corrected and uncorrected data were very similar in the (1) number of activated brain regions; (2) size of clusters of activated brain voxels; (3) Talairach coordinates of the activated region; and (4) t or Z value of the peak intensity for every significantly activated motor brain structure (both for large activations such as in motor cortex and small activations such as in putamen and thalamus). [15O]Water PET data obtained with a short interscan interval (6 minutes) produce similar results whether or not the background is subtracted. Thus, if injection dose and timing are constant, one can achieve the advantage of a short interscan interval without the added complexity of correcting for background radioactivity.
Fast implementation of hadamard transform for object recognition and classification using parallel processor (1991)

Transform 4 2 .3 .2 Discrete 1 -D and 2-D Hadamard Transform 5 2 .3 .3 Fast Hadamard Transform 1 2 .4 Systolic Array Architecture for FHT 1 2 .5 Classification Chapter 3 .Development and Implementation of 2-D FHT on Parallel Processor 3 .1 Topogy Selection 5 3 .2 .Memory Management of S-14 3 .3 FHT Implementation on S -1 4 3 .
Absorption of 3(2<i>H</i>)-Furanones by Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells (2009)

A number of 3(2H)-furanones are synthesized by fruits and have been found in cooked foodstuffs, where they impart flavor and odor because of their low perception thresholds. They show genotoxic properties in model studies but are also ranked among the antioxidants and anticarcinogens. This study examined the efficiency of intestinal absorption and metabolic conversion of 3(2H)-furanones by using Caco-2 cell monolayers as an intestinal epithelial cell model. The permeability of each agent was measured in both the apical to basal and basal to apical directions. 2,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMMF) showed the highest absorption rate in all experiments, while similar amounts of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF), 4-hydroxy-2(or 5)-ethyl-5(or 2)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (HEMF), and 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (HMF) were taken up. HDMF-glucoside was almost not absorbed but was hydrolyzed to a small extent. The transport of 3(2H)-furanones could not be saturated even at levels of 500 microM and occurred in both directions. Because the uptake was only slightly reduced by apical hyperosmolarity, passive diffusion by paracellular transport is proposed.
Poly(norbornene carboxylic acid ester)s: Synthesis and properties (1997)

Abstract The vinylic polymerization of 5‐norbornene‐2‐carboxylic esters with different palladium catalysts to polymers of high molecular weights is reported. Computer simulations based on a force field approach show that these polymers display a rigid statistical chain conformation and are thus a further example of rotationally strongly constrained polymers. The polymers are soluble in a variety of solvents despite their rigidity, they are amorphous, possess glass transition temperatures well above 250°C, and have a high packing density. The dipoles located in the lateral groups perform a secondary relaxation process similar to the case of flexible or rigid rod‐like polymers containing ester groups.
Energy transfer in fluorescent derivatives of uracil and thymine (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnergy transfer in fluorescent derivatives of uracil and thymineJohn G. Burr, W. A. Summers, and Y. J. LeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 1, 245–247Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00834a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00834a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Las 16 mejores estaciones europeas: Temporada de esquí (2015)

La llegada del invierno invita a los amantes de la nieve a acudir a sus pistas favoritas. Ademas de los descensos que hay en Espana, los aficionados a este deporte peregrinan todos los anos a Andorra, Austria, Francia, Italia y Suiza. Esta es nuestra seleccion.
Enzymes in organic solvents (1989)

Conference Article| December 01 1989 Enzymes in organic solvents ALAN J. RUSSELL; ALAN J. RUSSELL *Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ALEXANDER M. KLIBANOV ALEXANDER M. KLIBANOV †Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Received: June 05 1989 Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1989 Biochemical Society1989 Biochem Soc Trans (1989) 17 (6): 1145. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0171145 Article history Received: June 05 1989 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ALAN J. RUSSELL, ALEXANDER M. KLIBANOV; Enzymes in organic solvents. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1989; 17 (6): 1145. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0171145 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1989 Biochemical Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Cryoprotectant-Free Cryopreservation of Human Spermatozoa by Vitrification and Freezing in Vapor: Effect on Motility, DNA Integrity, and Fertilization Ability (2004)

Human spermatozoa can be successfully cryopreserved avoiding the use of cryoprotectants through vitrification at very high cooling rates (up to 7.2 x 10(5) degrees C/min). This is achieved by directly plunging a copper cryoloop loaded with a sperm suspension into liquid nitrogen. After storage, vitrified spermatozoa are instantly thawed by melting in an agitated, warm medium. The goal of the present study was to compare the quality of spermatozoa cryopreserved using this rapid vitrification method with that of spermatozoa cooled relatively slowly by preexposure of the loaded cryoloop to liquid nitrogen vapor (-160 degrees C) with speed in the range 150-250 degrees C/min) before immersion into liquid nitrogen. Both cooling modes led to comparable results in terms of the motility, fertilization ability, and DNA integrity of the warmed spermatozoa. In both cases, instant thawing by melting in a warm medium was essential for successful cryopreservation. Our findings suggest that optimal regimes for the cryoprotectant-free cryopreservation of spermatozoa need not be restricted to very fast cooling before storage in liquid nitrogen, a wide range of cooling rates being acceptable. Herein, we discuss the implications of this finding in the light of the physics of extra- and intracellular vitrification.
Mechanical Properties of Canine Articular Cartilage Are Significantly Altered Following Transection of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (1994)

The compressive, tensile, and swelling properties of articular cartilage were studied at two time periods following transection of the anterior cruciate ligament in the knee of greyhound dogs. An experimental protocol was designed to quantify the essential equilibrium and biphasic material properties of cartilage in tension, compression, and shear, as well as the parameters of isometric swelling behavior. All properties were measured at several sites to elicit differences between sites of frequent and less frequent contact. Hydration was determined at each site and was compared with the material properties of cartilage from corresponding sites. There were extensive changes in all compressive, tensile, and swelling properties of cartilage after transection of the anterior cruciate ligament. Twelve weeks after surgery, the intrinsic moduli were reduced significantly in compression (approximately 24% of control values), tension (approximately 64%), and shear (approximately 24%), and the hydraulic permeability was elevated significantly (approximately 48%). Significant increases in hydration (approximately 9%) also were observed, as well as a strong correlation of hydration with hydraulic permeability. The pattern of these changes was not found to differ with site in the joint, but significant differences were observed in the magnitude of change for cartilage from the femoral groove and the femoral condyle. The pattern and extent of changes in the material properties following transection of the anterior cruciate ligament indicate that altered loading of the joint severely compromises the overall mechanical behavior of articular cartilage. The observed loss of matrix stiffness in compression, tension, and shear is associated with increases in the deformation of the solid matrix, a diminished ability to resist swelling, and the increase in hydration observed in this study. The increased swelling and elevated water content were related directly to the increase in hydraulic permeability; this suggests an associated loss of fluid pressurization as the load support mechanism in the degenerated cartilage. Without a successful mechanism for repair, damage to the solid matrix may progress and lead to further degenerative changes in the biochemistry, morphology, and mechanical behavior of articular cartilage.