gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Collision Risk of Autonomous Vehicle using Clustering (2019)

In this paper the clustering of different road-shapes like straight road or T-junction (i.e. three way road) or cross junction (i.e. four way road) has been presented using TFSOM×SOM algorithm. A trajectory path of a vehicle on different shapes of roads has been drawn which describes the degree of risk of collision on the road. The main aim of this work is to classify the different road-shapes and also to anticipate the possibility of the density of objects on the basis of different kinds of shapes of the road. The dependency of risk of collision is on the density of objects available on the road i.e. if number of available objects is more, the risk of collision is excessive and vice-versa. This prediction of high risk and low risk of collision can be used to set an alarm to alert driving system to avoid collision.
Phasor analysis of some stereophonic phenomena (1962)

An improved understanding of some stereophonic phenomena may be obtained by use of acoustical pressure phasors to portray sound pressure at the ears of the observer. With the help of phasors, it is possible to expand and modify certain conclusions of previous observers and to validate some previously unpublished observations: a stereophonic "law of sines" is derived. The existence and location of the "out-of-bounds" stereophonic image is analyzed and verified. The "allowed maximum out-of-phase ratio" is derived, together with the observation that this maximum is exceeded by certain microphone arrays. The motion and elevation of the center image in stereophonic reproduction is observed and explained.
CHARACTERIZATION OF COTTON FIBRES MODIFIED BY CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (2006)

In order to introduce charged groups onto cotton fibres the adsorption of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) onto fibre surface was investigated. The increase of charge was determined indirectly by phenol-sulphuric acid method and directly by conductometric titration. It was found that the total charge of cotton was increased by more than 50 % in the case of all used CMC products. Modification of cotton by adsorption of CMC introduces new carboxyl groups on the fibre surfaces, which increases the adsorption capacity of the fibres for cationic surfactant (cetylpyridinium chloride). The modified fibres appeared to have better mechanical properties. It is expected that this modification procedure can be used for practical applications.
Mechanisms and Microenvironment Investigation of Cellularized High Density Gradient Collagen Matrices via Densification (2016)

Biological tissues and biomaterials are often defined by unique spatial gradients in physical properties that impart specialized function over hierarchical scales. The structure and organization of these materials forms continuous transitional gradients and discrete local microenvironments between adjacent (or within) tissues, and across matrix-cell boundaries, which can be difficult to replicate with common scaffold systems. Here, we studied the matrix densification of collagen leading to gradients in density, mechanical properties, and fibril morphology. High-density regions formed via a fluid pore pressure and flow-driven mechanism, with increased relative fibril density (10×), mechanical properties (20×, to 94.40±18.74kPa), and maximum fibril thickness (1.9×, to >1<i>μ</i>m) compared to low-density regions, while maintaining porosity and fluid/mass transport to support viability of encapsulated cells. Similar to the organization of the articular cartilage zonal structure, we found that high-density collagen regions induced cell and nuclear alignment of primary chondrocytes. Chondrocyte gene expression was maintained in collagen matrices, and no phenotypic changes were observed as a result of densification. Densification of collagen matrices provides a unique, tunable platform for the creation of gradient systems to study complex cell-matrix interactions. These methods are easily generalized to compression and boundary condition modalities useful to mimic a broad range of tissues.
Frequency trimming of SAW devices (1994)

This paper describes a frequency trimming technique suitable for GHz band SAW devices. A frequency shift was obtained by forming grooves on the substrate surface using an RF reactive sputter etching technique. Because the center frequency of a SAW transducer in a GHz band is very sensitive to the groove depth, a precise control of the etched amount is necessary. A very low etching rate of less than 1 nm/min. has been realized by modification of a conventional RF diode sputter etching apparatus. The low etching rate made it possible to realize precise frequency trimming for GHz band filters. Frequency trimming of more than 1000 ppm was obtained without any remarkable characteristic changes
Multiple sequence alignment using simulated annealing (1994)

Multiple sequence alignment is a useful technique for studying molecular evolution and analyzing structure-sequence relationships. Dynamic programming of multiple sequence alignment has been widely used to find an optimal alignment. However, dynamic programming does not allow for certain types of gap costs, and it limits the number of sequences that can be aligned due to its high computational complexity. The focus of this paper is to use simulated annealing as the basis for developing an efficient multiple sequence alignment algorithm. An algorithm called Multiple Sequence Alignment using Simulated Annealing (MSASA) has been developed. The computational complexity of MSASA is significantly reduced by replacing the high-temperature phase of the annealing process by a fast heuristic algorithm. This heuristic algorithm facilitates in minimizing the solution set of the low-temperature phase of the annealing process. Compared to the dynamic programming approach, MSASA can (i) use natural gap costs which can generate better solution, (ii) align more sequences and (iii) take less computation time.
Development of Hall sensor propeller anemometer for measuring wind speed using embedded controller (2012)

An Anemometer is a device for measuring wind speed. Propeller type anemometer measures wind speed by generating an a.c signal. In the development of new anemometer, we use Hall Effect sensor to generate digital signal. The voltage levels of the digital signal depends on the input voltage applied to the Hall sensor, its input voltage may be from 2.5V - 27V. The Timer/Counter is a register in the Microcontroller, whose value keeps increasing or decreasing for rising edge or falling edge of the internal or external clock source by a constant rate without the help of CPU. The external clock to the counter is the digital signal from the Hall sensor. Thus the rate of rotations made by the propeller is counted using counter in the PIC 18F series Microcontroller. The spinning rate of the propeller is proportional to the wind speed. Therefore, we can determine the wind speed from the measurement of spinning rate of the propeller using embedded controller and the radius of propeller. The performance of our system is compared with existing system and our designed anemometer is also inexpensive.
Recruitment of virgin B cells into an immune response is restricted to activation outside lymphoid follicles. (1988)

The site and mechanism of recruitment of short-lived new B cells from the bone marrow into the longer-lived recirculating B-cell pool were studied by using kappa-allotype-distinct congenic rats to construct bone marrow chimeras. Chimeras were immunized with antigen in the form of an antigen-antibody complex that is largely restricted to lymphoid follicles, rapidly localizing to follicular dendritic cells (FDC). This form of antigen, although a potent stimulator of memory B cells, was shown to be a very poor inducer of virgin B-cell responses. This was not due solely to differences in receptor affinity, as complexes in which the hapten epitopes were unmasked also evoked little virgin B-cell response. The inability of virgin B cells to be activated by FDC-bound antigen seems to relate to the fact that they are not part of the recirculating pool and do not migrate through lymphoid follicles; restriction of antigen to a draining lymph node also precluded virgin B-cell activation. The evidence presented suggests that activation of virgin B cells at extrafollicular sites in the spleen (red pulp, marginal zone, outer periarteriolar lymphocytic sheath) is required for both their incorporation into immune responses and into the recirculating pool. These experiments also show that established immune responses are maintained by clones activated soon after immunization and not by continued incorporation of new clones.
Jigsaw (2006)

The combination of unlicensed spectrum, cheap wireless interfaces and the inherent convenience of untethered computing have made 802.11 based networks ubiquitous in the enterprise. Modern universities, corporate campuses and government offices routinely de-ploy scores of access points to blanket their sites with wireless Internet access. However, while the fine-grained behavior of the 802.11 protocol itself has been well studied, our understanding of how large 802.11 networks behave in their full empirical complex-ity is surprisingly limited. In this paper, we present a system called Jigsaw that uses multiple monitors to provide a single unified view of all physical, link, network and transport-layer activity on an 802.11 network. To drive this analysis, we have deployed an infrastructure of over 150 radio monitors that simultaneously capture all 802.11b and 802.11g activity in a large university building (1M+ cubic feet). We describe the challenges posed by both the scale and ambiguity inherent in such an architecture, and explain the algorithms and inference techniques we developed to address them. Finally, using a 24-hour distributed trace containing more than 1.5 billion events, we use Jigsaw's global cross-layer viewpoint to isolate performance artifacts, both explicit, such as management inefficiencies, and implicit, such as co-channel interference. We believe this is the first analysis combining this scale and level of detail for a production 802.11 network.
The Retro–<scp>D</scp>iels–<scp>A</scp>lder Reaction Part<scp>II</scp>. Dienophiles with One or More Heteroatom (1998)

Abstract This review (Part II) is topically organized around the dienophile that is generated in a retro [4 + 2] reaction, and to the extent possible follows the principles adopted for Part I, which covers reactions in which both dienophile bonding centers are carbon atoms. The present chapter encompasses retro–Diels–Alder (rDA) reactions in which one or both of the dienophile reaction centers are heteroatoms. Any of the other atoms in the starting material (cycloadduct) may be carbon or heteroatom. Substituents on all positions are encompassed, and any bond order available to any oxidation state of an element is included, as is bonding to non‐nearest neighbor atoms (e.g., bicyclics). The reader is directed to Part I (Vol. 52) for general discussion of the rDA reaction, the features that affect rates and outcome, and the use of acids, bases, other catalysts, and scavengers. Certain subclassifications (e.g., processes proposed under MS conditions, polymer applications) of rDA reactions have been omitted from both sections; these topics are listed in the Introduction to Part I. Citations to over 100 reviews on various aspects of the rDA reaction are collected at the beginning of the References to Part I. Those that are especially pertinent to Part II will be repeated here, in the context of the particular dienophile under discussion. The decision to split the review of the rDA reaction into two parts was based on the volume of literature encountered, as outlined in the Introduction to Part I. Active literature searching was concluded for both Parts in April 1995, although occasional more recent references have been included.
Invasive epithelial cells show more fast plasma membrane movements than related or parental non‐invasive cells (1992)

Fast plasma membrane movements (FPMM) are involved in ruffling, blebbing, fast shape change, and fast translocation. A simple method for the quantification of FPMM was used to study the relation between FPMM and invasive capacity in five pairs of invasive and noninvasive variants from four different epithelial cell types. The human mammary cell line MCF-7/6, the ras-transformed dog kidney cell line ras-MDCK, the ras-transformed mouse mammary gland cell lines NM9-ras-12 and NM-f-ras-TD, and spontaneously transformed late passage mouse lens explant MLE cells, all of which were invasive in vitro, showed more FPMM in our measurements and displayed more ruffling activity on time-lapse video films than the related or parental MCF-7/AZ, MDCK-3, NM9, and NM-f cell lines and early passage MLE cells, none of which were invasive. Interestingly, induction of invasive capacity in MCF-7/AZ cells by retinoic acid was accompanied by an increase in FPMM, but speed of translocation was not increased. Together these observations support the hypothesis that a certain level of FPMM is a prerequisite for invasive capacity.
THE HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE WITH A NEW REAGENT FOR THE NADI REACTION (1958)

By synthesizing an analogue of N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine, a new reagent for the Nadi reaction was found which provided a useful histochemical method for either cytochrome oxidase (G-Nadi) or peroxidase (M-Nadi). The new agent is 4-amino-1-N,N-dimethylnaphthylamine and yields with α-naphthol, an indonaphthol purple pigment which is more stable and more satisfactorily distributed in tissue than the indophenol blue of the Nadi reaction. Thin sections may be used, some permanence of color is obtained and the granules are fine and anatomically distributed. The localization of cytochrome oxidase activity in heart, stomach, spleen, and cerebellum of the rat is described.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy of Fe, Mno Zn, and Ti structural enYironments in staurolite (1993)

data. The least-squares refined, mean first-shell metal-O bond length, coordination number, and Debye-Waller factor for Fe (10.24 wto/o) are 1.99 A, 3.6, and 0.016 A', for Mn (0. 14 wto/o) they are 2.01 A, 4.0, and 0.012 A', and for Zn (0.21 wto/o) they are I .95 A, 5. I , and 0.018 4'z, respectively. These values, together with preedge and near-edge data, suggest that Fe and Mn are predominantly present as divalent cations in the tetrahedrally coordinated T2 site. At least 700/o of the Zn is also in the T2 site, but t6rZn could also be present. Ti preedge and edge features and refined first-shell EXAFS are consistent with Ti (0.40 wto/o) being present as Ti4+ in distorted octahedral coordination, most likely in the M2 site. Minor concentrations of Mn (1400 ppm) and Zn (2100 ppm) can provide reliable EXAFS site geometry information out to 5 A 11.e.. as far as for major Fe), which demonstrates the utility of the element-specific XAS technique in elucidating the structures of chemically complex minerals such as staurolite.
Provably good routing tree construction with multi-port terminals (1997)

Previous literature on VLSI routing and wiring estimation typically assumes a one-to-one correspondence between terminals and ports. In practice, however (say, in a gridded routing regime), each \terminal consists of a large collection of electrically equivalent ports, a fact that is not accounted for in layout steps such as wiring estimation. The presence of multiple ports for a given terminal gives rise to the group Steiner minimal tree problem. In this paper, we address the general problem of minimum-cost routing tree construction in the presence of multi-port terminals. Our main result is the rst known heuristic with a sub-linear performance bound. In particular, for a net with k multi-port terminals, previous heuristics have a performance bound of (k 1) OPT , while our construction o ers an improved performance bound of (1 + ln k 2 ) pk OPT . Our Java implementation is available on the World Wide Web.
Photonic band structure calculations of two-dimensional Archimedean tiling patterns (2007)

We present a study of photonic band structures of two-dimensional Archimedean tiling patterns. The tilings we have investigated are $(4.{8}^{2})$, $({6}^{3})$, (4.6.12), and $({3}^{2}.4.3.4)$, which have been discovered computationally and experimentally in self-assembled microphase separation of $ABC$ star block terpolymer systems. Using plane-wave method, we have calculated eigenvalue equations for various combinations of dielectric contrast on the complex patterns. We demonstrate the existence of complete photonic band gaps in the (4.6.12) structure. Furthermore, we find that complete photonic bands readily open in the $({3}^{2}.4.3.4)$ structures in the same way as in dodecagonal quasicrystals. Complex tilings open up a way to construct photonic crystals.
High efficient N-type interdigitated back contact silicon solar cells with screen-printed al-alloyed emitter (2010)

N-type interdigitated back contact (IBC) silicon solar cells have been successfully applied industrially with high-efficiency of 23.4% by Sunpower and are being investigated by several research groups. However, the formation of p+ emitter is still an issue. A traditional method is boron diffusion which needs high temperature processes to form the emitter and to remove the silicate glass boron skin. In recent years, people have shown excellent results on n-type front contact rear junction cells with a screen-printed Al-alloyed emitter. In this work, we demonstrate the use of such emitters on n-type IBC silicon solar cells. Different pitch sizes and emitter fractions have been studied. Clear trends of the short circuit current densities were observed. Light beam induced current technique was used to investigate this phenomenon. Different front surface field (FSF) profiles were applied to our cells. The shallower FSF with a lower surface doping concentration gives the lower front surface recombination, which results the best cell performance. Efficiencies of 19.1% under 1 Sun on IBC solar cells with an active area of 2 × 2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> have been achieved on n-type FZ and CZ silicon. Good short circuit current densities and fill factors have been obtained. Moreover, there is still quite some space for further improvement such as better surface cleaning after Al paste removal and better surface passivation.
A study on current collapse in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs induced by bias stress (2003)

Drain current collapse in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs has been studied systematically by applying bias stress to the device. The collapse was suppressed by light illumination with energy smaller than the bandgap. The position dependence of the light illumination and the measurement of series source and drain resistances revealed that the collapse was caused by the surface states between the gate and drain electrodes, which captured electrons injected from the gate. The current collapse was eliminated by the passivation of the device surface with Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ film.
Catolicismo y conquista del nuevo mundo. Función, apogeo y decadencia (2014)

espanolLa empresa de conquista y colonizacion de America se realizo con la activa participacion de la iglesia catolica. Siguiendo la tradicion y la experiencia adquirida durante el proceso de Reconquista, la evangelizacion del aborigen americano aporto diversos e importantes elementos a la colonizacion del Nuevo Mundo. Cabe, entonces, preguntarse: ?Que papel jugo la iglesia y sus proyectos evangelizadores durante el proceso de reconquista? ?Que beneficios reporto la iglesia y su proyecto evangelizador a la conquista americana? En este articulo el lector podra conocer como la iglesia catolica se convirtio, durante la Reconquista Espanola, en sinonimo de unidad politica y elemento ideologico de dominacion. Caracteristicas y aplicaciones con las que se introdujo en el Nuevo Mundo. EnglishThe conquest and colonization of America was done with the active participation of the Catholic Church. In the path of a tradition and experience gained during the “Reconquista”, the evangelization of the American native contributed with several important elements to the colonization of the New World. Then, It should be ask: What role did the church play during the “Reconquista”? In what ways the church and its evangelization in the American contributed to the conquest process? In this article the reader will learn how the Catholic Church became, during the Spanish “Reconquista”, a synonymous of political unity and ideological element of domination. These are features and applications that entered the New World.
A Systematic Review of the Use of Technology for Reminiscence Therapy (2014)

As the segment of the population 65 years of age or older continues to grow, the number of individuals with dementia increases proportionally, highlighting the need to design therapies that meet the social and emotional needs of people with dementia. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are potential venues for supporting the delivery of such therapies, including reminiscence therapy (RT), which is a non-pharmacological intervention involving the prompting of past memories, often with artifacts such as old photographs or music for therapeutic benefits such as the facilitation of social interactions or the increase of self-esteem. This paper systematically examines the scientific literature on the use of ICT for facilitating RT to assess the current state of the evidence and identify future trends. We searched the PubMed (1966-2013), ACM (1954-2013), and PsycINFO (1908-2013) repositories using the keywords dementia and reminiscence. Three hundred eighty-six articles were retrieved, 44 of which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings of the systematic review include that there are benefits to using ICT for RT interventions. Some of these benefits are access to rich and engaging multimedia reminiscence materials, opportunities for people with dementia to participate in social interactions and take ownership of conversations, and a reduction of barriers due to motor deficits during interactions with media. Future studies should explore the types and content of media beneficial to individuals at different stages of dementia.
Anastrozole: a new selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. (1997)

Aromatase (estrogen synthetase) is the enzyme complex responsible for the final step in estrogen synthesis--the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone to estrone and estradiol, respectively. Inhibitors of this enzyme have been shown to be clinically effective in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women, in whom the major source of estrogen production derives from aromatization of adrenal androgens in peripheral tissues, such as muscle, liver, and fat. The most widely used aromatase inhibitor has been aminoglutethimide; however, it is nonselective and also inhibits adrenocorticosteroid synthesis, necessitating hydrocortisone supplementation. Aminoglutethimide is also associated with frequent and troublesome side effects. Formestane, the first selective aromatase inhibitor to be developed, has an improved safety profile and selectivity, but its use has been limited somewhat by its inconvenient administration via intramuscular injection. In this article, the preclinical and clinical data published to date on the new third-generation aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (Arimidex) are presented in the context of current endocrine therapies. Future applications of aromatase inhibitors, both as monotherapy and in combination with other endocrine therapies, are discussed. The use of aromatase inhibitors in advanced disease, the adjuvant setting, and as possible chemopreventive agents are examined.