gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microtiter virus isolation and enzyme immunoassays for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle serum (1997)

Cattle immunotolerant to and persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus (BVDV) constitute the mechanism by which BVDV persists in cattle herds. Two procedures for using serum to detect PI cattle were developed and evaluated. BVDV was found to remain viable for 7 days in serum samples stored at room temperature. The tests use cell culture virus isolation (VI) in 96-well microtiter plates, followed by immunostaining of cell monolayers with monoclonal antibodies. One technique, the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA), forms a red intracellular precipitate while the other, the monolayer enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (M-ELISA) produces a yellow color in solution. The optimal incubation period for microtiter VI was determined to be 4 days. Optimal IPMA staining was obtained by fixing cell monolayers with 20 to 30% acetone, whereas a simple dry-rehydrate-dry cycle provided optimal M-ELISA staining. The M-ELISA and IPMA had the same sensitivities and specificities, but the M-ELISA was a more rapid procedure and use of a spectrophotometer for reading samples allowed for greater objectivity. When compared to standard VI with routine samples submitted for the diagnosis of BVD, M-ELISA and IPMA had a relative sensitivity of 85% and a relatively specificity of 100%. When only samples from cattle suspected of being PI were considered, these two parameters were 100% for both IPMA and M-ELISA. The two procedures, especially the M-ELISA, are suitable for whole-herd testing to identify PI cattle. The appeal of these tests is derived from the convenience of using serum as a diagnostic sample and the ability to rapidly screen large numbers of samples at low cost.
Sensitive and Specific Method for Rapid Identification of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Using Real-Time Fluorescence PCR (2001)

Molecular surveillance of pathogens has shown the need for rapid and dependable methods for the identification of organisms of clinical and epidemiological importance. As the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae was used as a model organism to develop and refine a real-time fluorescence PCR assay and enhanced DNA purification method. Seventy clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae, verified by latex agglutination, were screened against 26 negative control clinical isolates employing a TaqMan assay on a thermocycler (LightCycler). The probe, constructed from the lytA gene, correctly detected all S. pneumoniae genomes without cross-reaction to negative controls. The speed and ease of this approach will make it adaptable to identification of many bacterial pathogens and provide potential for adaptation to direct detection from patient specimens.
A Study on the Historic Changes of Yungnam-Ru in Historic Periods and Architectural Building Forms (2000)

The purpose of this study is focused to the historic changes of Yungnam-Ru(嶺南樓), which are based on the site layout, and architectural forms in architectural building history and historic periods analyzed with the historic reference, paintings, and photos. This study is to search the alteration of the types of axis and the formation of spaces in Yungnam-Ru which is the Ru-Gak(樓閣) The conclusion of the architectural changes from the historic period and architectural form which is the belows. The first Yungnam-Ru by name had been used to be called, before it was re-called Yungnam-Ru by Kim Ju in 1365. Therefore, the hypothesis in naming Yungnam-Ru form assumption that the building under the name of Yungnam-Ru was re-named by Kim Ju from the Old Budist Temple called Yungnam-Sa, should re-considered in history. The second, it is considered that Milyang-Sibyi-Kyungdo(密陽十二景圖) as the painting can only be seen the site layout in 1542. It could be compared the differences of the site layouts from in 1542 to the present time. At that time Nyungpadang(凌派堂) was connected the main buildings called Yungnam-Ru Chimrudang(沈流堂),building was seperated with the Yungnam-Ru at that period. In 1542, the main Building(Yungnam-Ru) was consist of 5 spans of columns(from the front) and 2 spans of columns(from the side). Now, the main Building(Yungnam-Ru) has the 5 spans of columns from the front, and two spans of columns short from the side, compared to the present facade. At the past, Chimrudang(building) has the two spans of columns and one span of columns short, compared to the present facade. The third, It supposed that main building, Nyungpadang and Chimrudang in the composite of facade was connected with Wolrang(月廊) and Hunrang(軒廊) after invatioin from japan in 1592. 1844, (Chosun dynasty, Hunjong 10) the Yungnam-Ru was re-builted by maintaining the same concept in site layout of the past, and finally the three buildings was put together with Wolrang and Hunrang. As a result, the plan of the Yungnam-Ru was expanded with many aspects. From 1542 to 1844, the present site-layout gradually completed with three buildings which was spatially connected. The forth, in the middle age of Chosun dynasty, after added Gaeksa(客舍), the building is for the government officer staying temporally from outside province) in the site, the site layout was greatly changed with volume of building. In 1844, the Yungnam-Ru as the Nugak belongs to Miljukwan(密州館) was expanded spacially and formally. After that time, the burned buildings could not have been re-built because of aspects in government ability and economical ability.
What to eat when you're expecting (1986)

Part 1 Making healthy babies: turning good odds into best odds what to eat when you're expecting the best odds for a comfortable pregnancy the best odds for everyone what to eat when you're nursing eating for the next baby. Part 2 Getting practical: preparing for the best-odds diet what's safe to eat - and what's not. Part 3 Best-odds recipes: cereals, eggs and griddle cakes, breads and muffins, soups, vegetarian main dishes, main courses, vegetable side dishes, salad suggestions and dressing recipes, puddings and other desserts, pies, biscuits, cakes, frozen desserts, party foods, drinks, quick fixes.
Geology or biology? (2014)

Abstract Early seafarers were wary of coral reefs, naturalists were confused by them, but many coastal people benefited greatly from these rocky structures that grew up to the sea’s surface. ‘Geology or biology?’ highlights the discovery of reefs by early explorers, discusses the various theories of how they are formed, and considers their biological complexity. Coral reefs will grow upwards to meet the surface when sea level is high, and will be eroded away during periods when sea level is low. A progressive understanding of vertical land movement and of vast changes in sea level lasting thousands of years show the layers of complexity that must be superimposed on Charles Darwin’s central theory of atoll formation.
The temperature dependence of conductance of the sodium channel: implications for mechanisms of ion permeation. (1995)

Voltage-gated sodium channel currents were recorded in cell-attached and inside-out membrane patches from rat ventricular myocytes at temperatures ranging from 4 degrees C to 36 degrees C. The effects of changes in temperature on channel conductance were accurately determined using a digital signal processing technique based on hidden Markov models. We show that the cardiac sodium channel has multiple conductance levels, with the most frequently observed sublevel being either 11 pS or 22 pS at room temperature in 280 mM Na+, depending on the dissociation procedures adopted. The single channel current-voltage relationship is ohmic at all of the temperatures studied. The conductance increases steeply with temperature, with Q10 ranging from 1.4 to 1.5. The proportional change in channel conductance with increasing temperature was greater than the corresponding change in bulk conductivity of electrolyte solutions, suggesting that an ion traversing the channel needs to surmount a small additional energy barrier. An activation energy deduced from a plot of the logarithm of single channel conductance against the inverse of temperature is about 28 kJ mole-1. We provide one possible interpretation of the observed conductance-temperature relationship in terms of the details of the microscopic interactions operating between the protein wall, ions and water molecules.
Pilot Structure for High Data Rate in OFDM/OQAM-IOTA System (2008)

In this paper, we introduce a novel pilot structure for OFDM/OQAM system which has high spectral efficiency by isotropic orthogonal transform algorithm (IOTA) function. In contrast with classical OFDM/QAM transmission scheme, the OFDM/OQAM-IOTA system requires a specific pilot structure for channel estimation because side-lobe components of the IOTA function cause an intrinsic interference. In case of conventional pilot structure, successive signal cancellation and null insertion schemes are considered for minimizing the channel estimation error. These schemes, however, reduce overall data transmission rate, especially for frequent pilot transmission, and it results in decreased throughput. For improving the data rate, we propose an additional data transmission scheme based on signal cancellation and an efficient 2-dimensional pilot block. Analysis and simulation results verify that the proposed pilot structure exhibit not only higher data rate but also more reliable channel estimation performance than the conventional pilot structure.
The Challenge of the Internet (2004)

This chapter includes the following topics: A Brief History of the Internet Governing and Documenting the Internet The Protocols of the Internet Outline of This Book Looking Ahead
Review of Current Methods, Applications, and Data Management for the Bioinformatics Analysis of Whole Exome Sequencing (2014)

The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has greatly promoted advances in the study of human diseases at the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic levels. Exome sequencing, where the coding region of the genome is captured and sequenced at a deep level, has proven to be a cost-effective method to detect disease-causing variants and discover gene targets. In this review, we outline the general framework of whole exome sequence data analysis. We focus on established bioinformatics tools and applications that support five analytical steps: raw data quality assessment, pre-processing, alignment, post-processing, and variant analysis (detection, annotation, and prioritization). We evaluate the performance of open-source alignment programs and variant calling tools using simulated and benchmark datasets, and highlight the challenges posed by the lack of concordance among variant detection tools. Based on these results, we recommend adopting multiple tools and resources to reduce false positives and increase the sensitivity of variant calling. In addition, we briefly discuss the current status and solutions for big data management, analysis, and summarization in the field of bioinformatics.
A dynamic associative processor for machine vision applications (1992)

The use of massively parallel associative processors as coprocessors for accelerating machine vision applications is considered. They achieve very fine granularity, as every word of memory functions as a simple processing element. A dense, dynamic, content-addressable memory cell supports fully parallel operation, and pitch-matched word logic improves arithmetic performance with minimal area cost. An asynchronous reconfigurable mesh network handles interprocessor communication and image input/output, and an area-efficient pass-transistor circuit counts and prioritizes responders. Some applications are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Overbot: An Off-Road Autonomous Ground Vehicle Testbed (2006)

His research interests include control systems, sensor fusion, GPS, system identification, and autonomous vehicle systems. His research focuses on intelligent autonomous vehicles, with an emphasis on robust guidance, navigation, and control strategies. Specifically, he has founded the Autonomous Systems Lab at UC Santa Cruz, and is currently developing an autonomous wing-sailed marine surface vehicle and off-road autonomous ground vehicles.
Histone Acetylase and Deacetylase Activity in Alveolar Macrophages and Blood Mononocytes in Asthma (2004)

Histone acetylation status is a key factor in the regulation of inflammatory gene transcription. We investigated the activity of histone acetylases (HAT) and deacetylases (HDAC), and the effect of glucocorticoids in alveolar macrophages (AM) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from subjects with asthma. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 10 patients with intermittent asthma, 8 with persistent asthma, and 10 healthy control subjects. PBMCs and granulocytes were isolated from six patients with mild and severe asthma, before and after a 7-day course of prednisolone (30 mg/day). AMs were isolated for HDAC assay or incubated with dexamethasone (1 microM). HAT activity was increased (1.43 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.01 +/- 0.1 standard units/10 microg, p < 0.05), and HDAC activity was reduced (3031 +/- 243 vs. 5004 +/- 164 arbitrary fluorescence units/10 microg, p < 0.001) in AMs of subjects with asthma compared with control subjects. Dexamethasone suppressed LPS-induced granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-8 release by 83 +/- 1%, 51 +/- 7% and 20 +/- 9% (p < 0.001), respectively. Similar effects were seen on nuclear factor-kappaB inhibition, and interleukin-8 release was further reduced by the HDAC enhancer, theophylline (37 +/- 6%). Prednisolone increased HDAC activity in PBMCs from subjects with mild asthma. The increased inflammatory response in asthma may be due to reduced HDAC and enhanced HAT activity. Glucocorticoids and theophylline may downregulate the inflammatory response by modulating HAT and HDAC activity, and nuclear factor-kappaB activation.
Dual role for N-2-acetylornithine 5-aminotransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in arginine biosynthesis and arginine catabolism (1975)

In Pseudomonas aeruginosa N-2-acetylornithine 5-aminotransferase (ACOAT), the fourth enzyme of arginine biosynthesis is induced about 15-fold by cultivating the organism on a medium with L-arginine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. Synthesis of the enzyme is subject to catabolite repression and nitrogen source. Synthesis of the enzyme is subject to catabolite repression by a variety of carbon sources. ACOAT from strain PAO 1 was purified over 40-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity. A molecular weight of approximately 110,000 was obtained by thin-layer gel filtration. Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels gave a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 55,000. Purified ACOAT catalyzes the transamination of N-2-acetyl-L-ornithine as well as of L-ornithine with 2-oxoglutarate (Km values of 1.1, 10.0, and 0.7 mM, respectively). With N-2-acetyl-L-ornithine as amino donor, the pH-optimum of the enzymatic reaction is 8.5; with L-ornithine as amino donor, 9.5. The catalytic properties of ACOAT as well as the regulation of its synthesis indicate that in P. aeruginosa this enzyme functions in the biosynthesis as well as in the catabolism of L-arginine.
Giardia: From Molecules to Disease (1994)

Summary
Giardiais a parasitic protozoan which is attracting considerable interest worldwide. It can cause severe gastrointestinal problems in humans and has also been reported in a number of domestic and wild mammals. This book addresses major issues and new developments concerningGiardiaand giardiasis.
Design and development of an automatic cutting tool for optical fibers (1986)

A new type of automatic cutting tool for obtaining good fiber end-surface has been proposed. In principle, a bare fiber is scored by rotating a broadaxe-shaped blade, while the fiber is supported by two magnetic clamps. The fiber is then fractured by applying bending and tensile stresses. The tool is 10 cm wide, 7.5 cm high, 9 cm long, weighs about 500 g, and is battery-driven. Optimum cutting conditions have been investigated, revealing that the blade pressure should be 10 g, bending stress should be 15 kg/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and tensile stress should be 6 kg/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Under these conditions, an average endface inclination of 0.42 ° is easily obtained. Stable cutting is confirmed during 1000 cutting trials, with a failure rate of 0.3 percent.
Facies and curvature controlled 3D fracture models in a Cretaceous carbonate reservoir, Arabian Gulf (1998)

Abstract The Late Cretaceous Ilam Formation of the Arabian Gulf’s Fateh Field is a very heterogeneous, fractured carbonate reservoir. Porosity, matrix permeability and facies trends do not appear to be related, but fracture density exhibits a strong relationship to both facies distribution and structural curvature. Three-dimensional (3D) models of dip change, position with respect to the crest of the field, facies and porosity variation are combined to produce a qualitative 3D model of fracture density which matches empirical fracture density data from more than 16 750m of interpreted image log. The fracture model aids in transmissibility prediction for reservoir simulation, producing a better history match and decreasing uncertainty for future drilling programmes.
LESSONS FROM SEQUENCING OF THE GENOME OF A UNICELLULAR CYANOBACTERIUM, <i>SYNECHOCYSTIS</i> SP. PCC6803 (1998)

The nucleotide sequence of the entire genome of the unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, has been determined. The length of the circular genome was 3,573,480 bp, and a total of 3168 protein-coding genes were assigned to the genome by a computer-assisted analysis. The functions of approximately 45% of the genes were deduced based on sequence similarity to known genes. Here are distinctive features of genetic information carried by the cyanobacteria, which have a phylogenetic relationship to both bacteria and plants.
<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> mating and virulence are regulated by the G-protein α subunit GPA1 and cAMP (1997)

This study explores signal transduction pathways that function during mating and infection in the opportunistic, human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. The gene encoding a G-protein alpha subunit homolog, GPA1, was disrupted by homologous recombination. The gpa1 mutant strain was viable but exhibited a defect in mating in response to nitrogen starvation. Additionally, the gpa1 mutant strain failed to induce two well-established virulence factors-melanin synthesis, in response to glucose starvation; and capsule production, in response to iron limitation. As a consequence, virulence of the gpa1 mutant strain was significantly attenuated in an animal model of cryptococcal meningitis. Reintroduction of the wild-type GPA1 gene complemented the gpa1 mutant phenotypes and restored mating, melanin and capsule production, and virulence. Similarly, exogenous cAMP also suppressed the gpa1 mutant phenotypes, restoring mating and production of melanin and capsule. These observations support a model in which GPA1 has a role in sensing diverse environmental signals required for mating and virulence by regulating cAMP metabolism in C. neoformans.
Effects of azelaic acid on sebaceous gland, sebum excretion rate and keratinization pattern in human skin. An in vivo and in vitro study. (1989)

The effects of azelaic acid (AZA) on the epidermis of 47 individuals (12 with normal skin, 15 with seborrheic skin and 20 suffering from acne) and on in vitro cultured keratinocytes are reported. Topical application of a 20% AZA cream significantly improved the lesions of acne patients, but failed to induce clinically detectable changes in normal or seborrheic epidermis. Complementary investigations clearly showed that AZA treatment failed to induce specific changes in sebum composition, excretion rate, or in the size of sebaceous glands, but modified epidermal keratinization. Keratohyalin granules and tonofilament bundles were reduced in size and number, mitochondria were swollen and the rough endoplasmic reticulum of malpighian keratinocytes enlarged. The infundibular epidermis of acne individuals showed marked reduction of the horny layer thickness, widening of the horny cell cytoplasm, transitional corneal cells, normalization of filaggrin distribution, and the comedo contained few bacteria and spores. In vitro, AZA exerted marked time- and dose-dependent antiproliferative cytostatic effects on cultured keratinocytes, with a 50% inhibitory dose of 20 mM, decreased some keratinocyte proteins (highly soluble fractions S2, keratohyalin macroaggregate R2, and non-cross-linked fibrous protein S4) and a 95 kD and a 35 kD protein of the cytosolic fraction. Mitochondria were frequently damaged and the rough endoplasmic reticulum enlarged. Our results indicate that AZA is an antikeratinizing agent, displaying antiproliferative cytostatic effects on keratinocytes and modulating the early and terminal phases of epidermal differentiation.
The Neuristor (1960)

The NEURlSTOR, derived from neuron, is a term assigned to a class of structures that exhibits attenuationless signal propagation, as in the attenuationless propagation of the chemical burning zone along a simple fuse, or the attenuationless propagation of the ionic discharge along the axon of a nerve fiber. Totally distributed, one-dimensional electronic lines, exhibiting such a propagation mode, can also be realized. Attenuationless propagation represents no violation of energy conservation since, as the signal propagates, energy flows transversely into the line. A line consists essentially of a distributed, triggerable active element arranged so that when any portion of line is triggered, some or all of the locally available energy is converted into a form suitable for triggering the neighboring section of line. Thus, in a chemical fuse, if the temperature at any point passes threshold the resulting combustion generates a local temperature rise sufficient to activate the adjacent section of line. Although a fuse is a one-time device, the axon heals after each discharge and can be used an indefinite number of times. In conformity with the terminology of neurophysiologists, the period of healing, or recovery, is referred to as the refractory period.