gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular structures of supported metal oxide catalysts under different environments (2002)

Abstract The use of in situ Raman spectroscopy to study the molecular structures of supported metal oxide catalysts under different environments is reviewed. The molecular structures under ambient (hydrated) and dehydrated conditions are presented. The effect of moisture at elevated temperatures is also presented and discussed with regard to its implications for catalytic phenomena. The molecular structural transformations during C 2 –C 4 lower alkane (LPG) oxidation, methane oxidation, methanol oxidation and selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH 3 reaction conditions are presented. In situ spectroscopy during catalytic reaction with simultaneous activity/selectivity measurement (‘operando’ spectroscopy) is emphasized owing to its contribution to the fundamental understanding of catalytic performance. The reducibility of the different surface metal oxide species, the relevance of surface coverage (surface monomeric vs polymeric species) and the specific oxide support are discussed when LPG, methane, methanol or hydrogen is the reducing agent. In situ Raman spectroscopy provides molecular‐level information about the surface metal oxide species: structures, stability and transformations under different environments. In many cases, the use of complementary spectroscopic techniques results in a more complete understanding of the molecular structure–activity/selectivity relationships for supported metal oxide catalysts. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Looking Beyond Inhibition of VEGF/mTOR: Emerging Targets for Renal Cell Carcinoma Drug Development (2011)

The incidence rates of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have continued to rise with 58,000 new cases in the United States. RCC has notoriously been refractory to traditional chemotherapeutic including radiation and cytokine therapies. The advent of the use of molecularly targeted therapies for RCC has significantly improved the standard of care. Yet, there still remains room for improvement as many of the current therapies are limited by acquired resistance and dosing restrictions due to toxicity. In this review we discuss many potential therapeutic targets that have been suggested for development as advancements are made in discovering the underlying molecular biology of RCC. Among the targets that discussed are additional targets within the well-established VHL/HIF axis, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, independent targets, and those identified by synthetic lethality screens.
Molecular Epidemiology of the Heterosexual HIV-1 Transmission in Kunming, Yunnan Province of China Suggests Origin from the Local IDU Epidemic (2005)

Molecular epidemiological investigation was conducted among injecting drug users (IDUs) (n = 11) and heterosexuals (n = 15) in Kunming, Yunnan Province of China. HIV-1 genotypes were determined based on the nucleotide sequences of 2.6-kb gag-RT region. The distribution of genotypes among IDUs was as follows: CRF07_BC (5/11) and CRF08_BC (5/11); subtype B' (1/11). Similarly, a majority of Kunming heterosexuals (14/15) were infected with CRF07_BC (4/15), CRF08_BC (6 /15), or subtype B' (4/15), known to predominate among IDUs in China. This contrasts with trends in the coastal regions of China and surrounding southeastern Asian countries, where CRF01_AE predominates among heterosexuals. The heterosexual HIV-1 epidemic in Kunming thus appears to derive from the local IDU epidemic. Of note, subtype B' was the most prevalent strain among heterosexuals before 1997, while CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC became predominant in 2002, indicating a transition of HIV-1 genotype distribution between the early and the more recent samples from Kunming heterosexuals.
Effect of metal ions on the aspartate transaminase (E.C.2.6.1.1.) activity in tobacco tissue culture. (1985)

Aspartate transaminase enzyme was prepared from tobacco tissue cultures. Effect of 13 different metal ions on the enzyme activity was preliminarily studied. The enzyme activity was inhibited by five ions, namely Cd2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ag+. None of the ions investigated enhanced the activity. Fe2+ caused an apparent activity increase in the reaction mixture. Pyridoxal-phosphate enhanced this effect of the Fe2+.
A Dilemma of State Power: Brokerage and Influence in the National Health Policy Domain (1994)

This article shows that occupancy of brokerage positions in the U.S. health policy domain's communication network is a crucial determinant of influence. However, the ability to convert structural position into power is contingent on the type of brokerage position occupied and whether the actor is a government organization. In the government sector, actors in representative positions are more influential to the extent that they take public stands on events, whereas liaison and itinerant positions only confer influence if their occupants remain impartial. The article concludess that the influence of government organizations is contingent on their capacity to link disparate actors in the communication network while remaining uncommitted to specific policy agendas.
Genomic organization of the gene encoding the p65 subunit of NF-<i>x</i>B: multiple variants of the p65 protein may be generated by alternative splicing (1993)

Transcription factor NF-kappa B represents a family of closely related homo- and heterodimeric factors. The most abundant form of NF-kappa B is the p50/p65 heterodimer. We determined the complete genomic structure of the human gene and a partial structure of the mouse gene encoding p65. The human gene consists of ten exons and spans about 8.1 kbp of DNA. The exon-intron organization in the rel homology domain (exons 2 to 7) is conserved when compared to human and turkey c-rel, strengthening the evolutionary relationship between p65 and c-rel. The lengths of the corresponding introns 5 and 6 in the human and mouse p65 genes are not conserved. However, a surprisingly high degree of conservation of intron sequences was observed between both species. We show that the naturally occurring shorter variant of p65 (p65 delta) can be generated by alternative splicing of intron 6, not only in humans but also in mouse. In addition, the existence of another, as yet unknown splice variant of p65 is predicted.
Inhibitory Effects of Chloride on the Activation of Caspase-1, IL-1β Secretion, and Cytolysis by the P2X7 Receptor (2005)

The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated cation channel that activates caspase-1 leading to the maturation and secretion of IL-1beta. Because previous studies indicated that extracellular Cl- exerts a negative allosteric effect on ATP-gating of P2X7R channels, we tested whether Cl- attenuates the P2X7R-->caspase-1-->IL-1beta signaling cascade in murine and human macrophages. In Bac1 murine macrophages, substitution of extracellular Cl- with gluconate produced a 10-fold increase in the rate and extent of ATP-induced IL-1beta processing and secretion, while reducing the EC50 for ATP by 5-fold. Replacement of Cl- with gluconate also increased the potency of ATP as an inducer of mature IL-1beta secretion in primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and in THP-1 human monocytes/macrophages. Our observations were consistent with actions of Cl- at three levels: 1) a negative allosteric effect of Cl-, which limits the ability of ATP to gate the P2X7R-mediated cation fluxes that trigger caspase-1 activation; 2) an intracellular accumulation of Cl- via nonselective pores induced by P2X7R with consequential repression of caspase-1-mediated processing of IL-1beta; and 3) a facilitative effect of Cl- substitution on the cytolytic release of unprocessed pro-IL-1beta that occurs with sustained activation of P2X7R. This cytolysis was repressed by the cytoprotectant glycine, permitting dissociation of P2X7R-regulated secretion of mature IL-1beta from the lytic release of pro-IL-1beta. These results suggest that under physiological conditions P2X7R are maintained in a conformationally restrained state that limits channel gating and coupling of the receptor to signaling pathways that regulate caspase-1.
Genome-wide analysis reveals conserved and divergent features of Notch1/RBPJ binding in human and murine T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells (2011)

Notch1 regulates gene expression by associating with the DNA-binding factor RBPJ and is oncogenic in murine and human T-cell progenitors. Using ChIP-Seq, we find that in human and murine T-lymphoblastic leukemia (TLL) genomes Notch1 binds preferentially to promoters, to RBPJ binding sites, and near imputed ZNF143, ETS, and RUNX sites. ChIP-Seq confirmed that ZNF143 binds to ∼40% of Notch1 sites. Notch1/ZNF143 sites are characterized by high Notch1 and ZNF143 signals, frequent cobinding of RBPJ (generally through sites embedded within ZNF143 motifs), strong promoter bias, and relatively low mean levels of activating chromatin marks. RBPJ and ZNF143 binding to DNA is mutually exclusive in vitro, suggesting RBPJ/Notch1 and ZNF143 complexes exchange on these sites in cells. K-means clustering of Notch1 binding sites and associated motifs identified conserved Notch1-RUNX, Notch1-ETS, Notch1-RBPJ, Notch1-ZNF143, and Notch1-ZNF143-ETS clusters with different genomic distributions and levels of chromatin marks. Although Notch1 binds mainly to gene promoters, ∼75% of direct target genes lack promoter binding and are presumably regulated by enhancers, which were identified near MYC, DTX1, IGF1R, IL7R, and the GIMAP cluster. Human and murine TLL genomes also have many sites that bind only RBPJ. Murine RBPJ-only sites are highly enriched for imputed REST (a DNA-binding transcriptional repressor) sites, whereas human RPBJ-only sites lack REST motifs and are more highly enriched for imputed CREB sites. Thus, there is a conserved network of cis-regulatory factors that interacts with Notch1 to regulate gene expression in TLL cells, as well as unique classes of divergent RBPJ-only sites that also likely regulate transcription.
A density functional theory study of the alkali metal atom–carbon monoxide interactions: Singularity of the Li atom (1995)

The LiCO molecule has been previously characterized experimentally in rare gas matrices by a large red shift of the CO stretching mode and a Li–C vibration around 600 cm−1 indicating a relatively strong Li–C bonding. Up to now, post Hartree–Fock ab initio methods had described this complex as unstable in its electronic ground state and predicted a linear metastable structure owing to strong induction forces between this complex and the surrounding polarizable rare gas atoms. Electronic and vibrational calculations at the harmonic approximation on this molecule using approximate density functional theory give results which are better in line with the experimental results. Two distinct bounded structures are found to be stable in the electronic ground state for the LiCO complex. The credibility of these calculations is also assessed in two ways; the first one is the comparison between experimental and calculated vibrational analysis on the νCO modes of the Li(CO)n (n=2,3) complexes. The second one is the study of the eventual complexation of Na and K atoms with the CO molecule and the comparison with experimental available data.
Vehicle routing problem in real case application (2011)

The delivery of goods from a warehouse to local customers is important and practical problem of supply chain management. Current customer demand changes from day to day. If the total demand is greater than the whole capacity of the internal fleet, the use of the external carrier becomes necessary. Thus; it may be more economical to use an external carrier instead of an internal vehicle to serve one or very few customers. In this work we attempt to model the company problem. We first try to assign vehicles to warehouse and determine the private fleet size needed at each one by taking into account the interventions of preventive maintenance. Then we develop a second model that routes this limited truck from two central warehouses to customers' with the option of using an external carrier.
Murdoch, Sharon Gay, 1960- :Dog beehive. 17 September 2014 (2014)

Shows a dog labelled public wearing a pet cone (colloquially known as a 'cone of shame') under the title 'The truth is hard to get at'. Refers to the revelations and allegations leading up to the 2014 General Election, especially the revelations of so-called dirty politics and various cover-ups around those issues. 
The cartoonist tweeted that 'The truth is hard to get at cos something keeps getting in the way', further noting 'NZ public being treated like a dumb old dog'. 
Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).
Realizing the Relationship Web: Morphing Information Access on the Web from Today's Document- and Entity-Centric Paradigm to a Relationship-Centric Paradigm (2007)

Presented at the ACM Multimedia International Workshop on the Many Faces of Multimedia Semantics, Augsburg, Germany, September 28, 2007.
Expression of the VLDL Receptor in Endothelial Cells (1996)

In this article we describe the cellular distribution of the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), a transmembrane protein that is expressed at high concentrations in skeletal muscle, heart, adipose tissue, and brain but in only trace amounts in the liver. Indirect immunofluorescence localization studies were performed in murine and bovine tissues using a rabbit polyclonal anti-human VLDLR antibody. Immunoreactive VLDLR protein was detected in the endothelium of capillaries and small arterioles but not in veins or venules of bovine skeletal muscle, heart, ovary, and brain. In the liver, there was intense staining of the capillaries and arterioles that supply the capsule and hepatic vessels but no staining of the sinusoidal surfaces. We failed to detect any signal from nonendothelial cells in the liver or peripheral organs. The VLDLR was also expressed at high levels on the endothelial surface of bovine coronary arteries; in contrast, little or no staining was seen in aortic endothelium. Antibody staining of cultured bovine coronary artery endothelial cells demonstrated punctate cell-surface staining, as well as staining of large and small cytoplasmic vesicles. This tissue and cell pattern of expression suggests that the VLDLR plays a role in the transport of VLDL or another plasma constituent from the vascular compartment to adjacent tissues.
Benefits of homoepitaxy on the properties of nonpolar (Zn,Mg)O/ZnO quantum wells on a-plane ZnO substrates (2010)

We report on the properties of nonpolar (Zn,Mg)O/ZnO quantum wells (QW) homoepitaxially grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a-plane ZnO substrates. We demonstrate a drastic improvement of the structural properties. We compare the photoluminescence properties of nonpolar homoepitaxial QWs and nonpolar heteroepitaxial QWs grown on sapphire and show that the reduction in structural defects and the improvement of surface morphology are correlated with a strong enhancement of the photoluminescence properties: reduction in full width at half maximum, strong increase in the luminescence intensities and their thermal stability. The comparison convincingly demonstrates the interest of homoepitaxial nonpolar QWs for bright UV emission applications.
Records of the turnpike trust (1941)

Journal Article Records of the turnpike trust Get access Alan B. Anderson Alan B. Anderson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 181, Issue 21, 22 November 1941, Pages 290–291, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/181.21.290 Published: 22 November 1941
Production and characterization of multilayer KCl:LiF thin films on glass (1995)

Alkali halide films containing color centers have important applications in information storage, lithography, radiation dosimetry, and solid state lasers. KCl:LiF multilayers have been grown by thermal evaporation on glass substrates at p&lt;10−4 Pa under continuous monitoring of the substrate temperature (Ts=30–350 °C) and deposition rate (Vd=0.3–0.7 nm/s). Optically active point defects have been produced by low energy (3 keV) electron irradiation in these thin layers of dielectric materials. The characterization of the samples has been performed using depth profile x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the profile composition, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy for the structural analysis, and optical absorption for defect formation. At substrate temperatures ranging from 30 to 350 °C the LiF and KCl layers grow with (200) crystallite planes parallel to the substrate surface.
The Newton application architecture (2002)

The application architecture of Newton, a technology for supporting personal digital assistants (PDAs), is described. It combines a dynamic, object-oriented language called NewtonScript with a hierarchical view system and a persistent object store. It also contains extensible subsystems for communications and user-input recognition. In addition to PDA devices, the portable implementation has been used to build supporting tools for desktop machines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adenovirus-Based Vaccines for Fighting Infectious Diseases and Cancer: Progress in the Field (2014)

The field of adenovirology is undergoing rapid change in response to increasing appreciation of the potential advantages of adenoviruses as the basis for new vaccines and as vectors for gene and cancer therapy. Substantial knowledge and understanding of adenoviruses at a molecular level has made their manipulation for use as vaccines and therapeutics relatively straightforward in comparison with other viral vectors. In this review we summarize the structure and life cycle of the adenovirus and focus on the use of adenovirus-based vectors in vaccines against infectious diseases and cancers. Strategies to overcome the problem of preexisting antiadenovirus immunity, which can hamper the immunogenicity of adenovirus-based vaccines, are discussed. When armed with tumor-associated antigens, replication-deficient and oncolytic adenoviruses can efficiently activate an antitumor immune response. We present concepts on how to use adenoviruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines and consider some of the strategies used to further improve antitumor immune responses. Studies that explore the prospect of adenoviruses as vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer are underway, and here we give an overview of the latest developments.
Towards full repair of defects in reduced graphene oxide films by two-step graphitization (2013)

The complete restoration of a perfect carbon lattice has been a central issue in the research on graphene derived from graphite oxide since this preparation route was first proposed several years ago, but such a goal has so far remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the highly defective structure of reduced graphene oxide sheets assembled into free-standing, paper-like films can be fully repaired by means of high temperature annealing (graphitization). Characterization of the films by X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy indicated that the main stages in the transformation of the films were (i) complete removal of oxygen functional groups and generation of atomic vacancies (up to 1,500 °C), and (ii) vacancy annihilation and coalescence of adjacent overlapping sheets to yield continuous polycrystalline layers (1,800–2,700 °C) similar to those of highly oriented graphites. The prevailing type of defect in the polycrystalline layers were the grain boundaries separating neighboring domains, which were typically a few hundred nanometers in lateral size, exhibited long-range graphitic order and were virtually free of even atomic-sized defects. The electrical conductivity of the annealed films was as high as 577,000 S·m−1, which is by far the largest value reported to date for any material derived from graphene oxide, and strategies for further improvement without the need to resort to higher annealing temperatures are suggested. Overall, this work opens the prospect of truly achieving a complete restoration of the carbon lattice in graphene oxide materials.
Black and White Fillers and Tire Compound (1998)

Abstract The present stand on the understanding of the role of fillers in elastomer compounds shall be reviewed and discussed. Unpublished results of our laboratory are also introduced in this review paper, particularly concerning silica observed by atomic force microscopy and scanning probe microscopy and recent transmission electron microscopy results concerning furnace carbon black and its inception and growth.
The genetic predisposition to cancer. (1989)

The multi-stage nature of cancer, and the interaction of the host and environment in the origin of cancer, both suggest multiple ways in which genetic predisposition to cancer might operate. A role for genetic variation has already been demonstrated in many instances and it is likely that still more examples of genetic predisposition will be uncovered. In some individuals genetic predisposition operates interactively with environment. Much of human cancer may occur in persons of this interactive oncodeme. Other persons have a very strong susceptibility to cancer because they have inherited a mutation on the path to cancer; they belong to a "purely" genetic oncodeme. The population of target cells itself is known to be affected by some environmental agents. Genetic factors may also operate, as in the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome with its predisposition to Burkitt lymphoma. Somatic mutation plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. Numerous environmental agents can increase the probability that somatic mutation will occur. Host genes can interact with these factors in two general ways. One concerns the ability to repair the damage caused by the agent. Most of the damage is repaired in normal persons, but much more is not repaired in persons with certain recessively inherited disorders, known as DNA-repair deficiencies. The other general way concerns the delivery of the critical agent. For example, the albino absorbs such excessive amounts of sunlight that even a normal DNA-repair mechanism is stressed. Similarly, some individuals metabolize certain chemical compounds in such a way that the concentration of an active mutagen is abnormally high, again overcoming the DNA-repair mechanism. The stages of promotion, progression, and metastasis are much less well understood, and clear examples of a role for genetic factors in them are not available. However, there are multiple ways in which heredity could be interacting, as with a genetic control of hormone production. Finally, the genetic targets of mutation, the "cancer genes," can play a role in cancer. Although no heritable mutations for oncogenes are yet known in man, there are reasons to believe that they could occur. On the other hand, heritable mutations of anti-oncogenes are well known and apparently account for much, or all, of dominantly heritable cancer in humans. In toto, the contribution of genetic predisposition to the burden of cancer could be considerable, because of the potentially large size of the interactive oncodeme. Identification of such susceptible persons could have important consequences in preventive oncology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Direct Measurement of Conjugated Polymer Electronic Excitation Energies Using Metal/Polymer/Metal Structures (1996)

We report electroabsorption measurements of built-in electric fields and internal photoemission measurements of Schottky barriers to determine the charge transfer and single-particle energy gaps of the conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy, 5-(2\ensuremath{'}-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV). For MEH-PPV, with an exciton absorption peak of 2.25 eV, or results yield a single-particle energy gap of 2.45 eV and a charge transfer energy gap of at least 2.35 eV. Therefore the exciton binding energy is 0.2 eV and the bipolaron binding energy is less than 0.1 eV.