gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Staff Development: Key to Successful Technology Implementation in Public Schools (1993)

Many districts are searching for workable ideas on how to get technology plans in high gear. Staff development is one key component that can make a significant difference. Urbandale Community Schools in Urbandale, Iowa, implemented a technology plan that really excited teachers, students and parents. Here's a step-by-step account of how the Urbandale Technology Committee turned the school board's vision into one of the finest community-based technology training programs anywhere. * Step-by-Step The first task undertaken was upgrading every library in the district's seven schools. Next came installation of a file server, software and a minimum of five workstations in each K-library 8 and eight stations in the high school's library. Students, teachers and parents immediately took advantage of easy access to information available via the file servers. The computer stations in all schools became bustling places of activity. This significant step started the ball rolling for ambitious plans to expand technology staff development to all staff members during the 1992/93 school year. While construction was progressing in the libraries, the committee organized a K-12 staff development plan designed to provide every teacher in the district with technology training, which was established as a high priority. By the time school started in the fall of 1992, the committee wanted to eliminate three major obstacles: lack of equipment (computers), lack of training and lack of time. The committee proceeded to tackle these three challenges and here's how the trio were addressed. * Acquisition of Equipment Funds were committed to technology when district patrons approved a special levy in 1990. For one year, those funds were used to install new library systems. For the next three years, those funds were committed, through a leasing arrangement, to the up-front purchase of enough computers and corresponding software to allow every teacher in the district easy access to computers. Further, the computer network in the high school library was expanded to include a science lab component. Two additional microcomputer labs at the high school and one lab at the middle school were installed. Hardware and software were installed at the high that allowed the staff to enter schedules, attendance and all other necessary student information. Plans were made to expand this program into the middle and elementary schools. Software purchases included word processing, database, spreadsheet, virus protection and screen-saver packages for every computer in the district. One other objective was to have computers on a cart, with software pre-installed, ready for teacher use when school began in August, 1992. District personnel worked earnestly to accomplish these * Staff Development/Training Beginning in the summer of 1992, the district trained its own cadre of 17 technology consultants. Funding for training came from the district's board of directors and a District Improvement Team composed of teachers. …
Effects of fermentation by lactic acid bacteria on the antigenicity of bovine whey proteins (2010)

The fermentation with lactic acid bacteria is an effective way to reduce whey proteins antigenicity.
Pressure-induced protein-folding/unfolding kinetics (1999)

We use an off-lattice minimalist model to describe the effects of pressure in slowing down the folding/unfolding kinetics of proteins when subjected to increasingly larger pressures. The potential energy function used to describe the interactions between beads in the model includes the effects of pressure on the pairwise interaction of hydrophobic groups in water. We show that pressure affects the participation of contacts in the transition state. More significantly, pressure exponentially decreases the chain reconfigurational diffusion coefficient. These results are consistent with experimental results on the kinetics of pressure-denaturation of staphylococcal nuclease.
The in Vitro and in Vivo Performance of a Novel Slow Release Capsule-Compared with a Conventional Capsule (1989)

A comparative in vitro and in vivo performance study of a novel slow release capsule (prepared using the new laser drilled controlled drug delivery system) and a conventional capsule dosage from has been made using tetracycline hydrochloride as a model drug. The influence of variation in drug delivery system design on the in vivo performance was studied by urinary excretion rate studies in human volunteers. Slow release capsules released its contents relatively slowly, over a period of time, both in vitro and in vivo, as compared to conventional capsules, with significantly similar Ke and t1/2 values. Plasma Cmax and tmax and AUC values were predicted based on the reported correlation between serum and urinary excretion data in single dose trials.
Afferent Sensory Feedback for Lower Extremity Prosthesis (1982)

Electrical stimulation has been applied to sciatic nerves of patients to achieve sensory feedback after lower limb amputation for periods of up to six years. Patients used the sensory feedback device daily. Pain, infection and electrode displacement have not been problems. The immediate postoperative benefits are that pain is minimized after amputation and stump healing is improved. Furthermore, the stimulus affords the patient increased confidence when walking due to renewed awareness of the center of gravity. Improved ability to function in the dark and when walking up and down stairways makes the application of sciatic nerve stimulation after amputation very rewarding.
Role of Nitric Oxide in Cardiovascular Adaptation to Intermittent Hypoxia (2006)

Hypoxia is one of the most frequently encountered stresses in health and disease. The duration, frequency, and severity of hypoxic episodes are critical factors determining whether hypoxia is beneficial or harmful. Adaptation to intermittent hypoxia has been demonstrated to confer cardiovascular protection against more severe and sustained hypoxia, and, moreover, to protect against other stresses, including ischemia. Thus, the direct and cross protective effects of adaptation to intermittent hypoxia have been used for treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases and to increase efficiency of exercise training. Evidence is mounting that nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in these adaptive mechanisms. NO-dependent protective mechanisms activated by intermittent hypoxia include stimulation of NO synthesis as well as restriction of NO overproduction. In addition, alternative, nonenzymic sources of NO and negative feedback of NO synthesis are important factors in optimizing NO concentrations. The adaptive enhancement of NO synthesis and/or availability activates or increases expression of other protective factors, including heat shock proteins, antioxidants and prostaglandins, making the protection more robust and sustained. Understanding the role of NO in mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia will support development of therapies to prevent and treat hypoxic or ischemic damage to organs and cells and to increase adaptive capabilities of the organism.
Use of 125I-labeled-histamine-cyclosporin C for monitoring serum cyclosporine concentrations in transplantation patients. (1986)

We synthesized an 125I-labeled-histamine-cyclosporin C tracer, to obviate the use of tritiated tracer in radioimmunoassay of cyclosporine. With this tracer, the assay results varied linearly with concentration up to at least 800 micrograms/L. The within-assay CV was 6.6% at 39 micrograms/L, 4.2% at 100 micrograms/L, and 7.0% at 300 micrograms/L (n = 15). The between-assay CV was 10.0, 6.4, and 7.8% for the same respective concentrations. Comparison with an assay involving tritiated tracer (x) showed good agreement of results: y = 3.81 + 0.927x (r = 0.975, n = 604). Analytical recovery ranged from 100 to 106%. We also compared another commercially available radioiodinated tracer ("125Iodocyclosporin"; Immunonuclear Corp.). Our tracer appeared to be more specific for cyclosporine, as determined by assaying chromatographic fractions of bile extract from a patient being treated with cyclosporine. Results with use of our tracer compared favorably with those obtained with the tritiated tracer, and our assay has the advantages of gamma counting vs liquid-scintillation counting.
[Peptide synthesis catalyzed by proteases. The effect of temperature on kinetics of acyl transfer catalyzed by papain]. (1990)

The effect of temperature on the kinetics of papain-catalyzed peptide synthesis was studied. A characteristic feature of this process is that the peptide synthesis is accompanied both by the hydrolysis of the synthesized bond and by the further elongation of the peptide chain. These phenomena yield the maximum on the time dependence of the first synthetic product. A decrease in temperature is an effective way to increase the yield of this substance which reflects the increase in the nucleophil reactivity resulting from the temperature decrease. Moreover, the latter diminishes the contribution of secondary enzymatic reactions such as further hydrolysis of the reaction product and polypeptide chain elongation.
Combinatorial structures in planetary reconnaissance. (1968)

Mariner 1969 high rate telemetry system portions pertinent to combinatorial mathematicians, discussing coding and encoding
Cyclops: In Situ Image Sensing and Interpretation in Wireless Sensor Networks (2005)

Despite their increasing sophistication, wireless sensor networks still do not exploit the most powerful of the human senses: vision. Indeed, vision provides humans with unmatched capabilities to distinguish objects and identify their importance. Our work seeks to provide sensor networks with similar capabilities by exploiting emerging, cheap, low-power and small form factor CMOS imaging technology. In fact, we can go beyond the stereo capabilities of human vision, and exploit the large scale of sensor networks to provide multiple, widely different perspectives of the physical phenomena.To this end, we have developed a small camera device called Cyclops that bridges the gap between the computationally constrained wireless sensor nodes such as Motes, and CMOS imagers which, while low power and inexpensive, are nevertheless designed to mate with resource-rich hosts. Cyclops enables development of new class of vision applications that span across wireless sensor network. We describe our hardware and software architecture, its temporal and power characteristics and present some representative applications.
Automated Synthesis of Mixed-Mode (Asynchronous and Synchronous) Systems (1991)

Many large scale integrated circuits and systems contain both synchronous and asynchronous subsystems (including self-timed subsystems). Examples include systems having asynchronous interfaces to busses or memories, and systems containing modules clocked by independent, locally generated clocks. This paper discusses specification and automated synthesis techniques for designing such systems. A graphical perspective of the temporal and interface constraints is provided via a timing diagram editor. The specification and synthesis techniques presented allow individual process implementations to be either synchronous, asynchronous, or combinational. We discuss factors influencing the decomposition of the overall system into sub-processes and the choice of implementation styles. Fragments of the design of a Processor Interface Board (PIB) are used to illustrate various concepts. The goal is to enable a designer to improve design quality by synergistically exploiting the advantages of both the synchronous and asynchronous design styles in a system, and to support experimentation with trade-offs in granularity and implementation strategies.
Mechanistic Studies of Halogenated Flame Retardants: The Antimony-Halogen System (1975)

Introduction In addition to the prominent use of various halocarbons as flame extinguishing agents there exists another class of halogenated flame retardants which, at present, incorporates primarily the additional elements of Sb and P. Despite the inconclusive mechanistic understanding for halogen induced flame inhibition in general, there is reason to believe that the mechanistic action of halocarbons, e.g., CF3Br, and halogenated Sb- or P-containing species, e.g., SbCl3, SbBr3 or POCl3, has a common molecular basis (1). For both retardant categories, the primary function of the non-chloride or bromide moiety appears to be its ability to serve as a convenient carrier for the flame inhibiting chloride or bromide component to the flame front. However, some synergistic effects are observed. For instance, the reduction in burning velocity is far greater for species such as SbCl3 than for the equivalent amount of Cl (2). Similarly, for CF3Br the observed degree of flame inhibition
Optimal Pricing and Return Policies for Perishable Commodities (1985)

This paper considers the pricing decision faced by a producer of a commodity with a short shelf or demand life. A hierarchical model is developed, and the results of the single period inventory model are used to examine possible pricing and return policies. The paper shows that several such policies currently in effect are suboptimal. These include those where the manufacturer offers retailers full credit for all unsold goods or where no returns of unsold goods are permitted. The paper also demonstrates that a policy whereby a manufacturer offers retailers full credit for a partial return of goods may achieve channel coordination, but that the optimal return allowance will be a function of retailer demand. Therefore, such a policy cannot be optimal in a multi-retailer environment. It is proven, however, that a pricing and return policy in which a manufacturer offers retailers a partial credit for all unsold goods can achieve channel coordination in a multi-retailer environment.
A study of the possible interaction of indoprofen with hypoglycemic sulfonylureas in diabetic patients. (1981)

Phenylbutazone was shown to impair tolbutamide metabolism with resulting potentiation of its hypoglycemic effect and increased danger of hypoglycemia. As indoprofen is widely used for treating rheumatic conditions, and in particular osteoarthritis, the possibility that it may increase the effect of sulfonylureas on blood glucose levels has been investigated. Clinical studies have been carried out in 24 patients with osteoarthritis. All of them had maturity-onset diabetes mellitus and were on sulfonylurea drugs (tolbutamide or glipizide). The trials were double-blind and were carried out according to two different experimental designs. Twelve patients were treated with 600 mg/daily of indoprofen for five days and placebo for an equivalent period of time according to a cross-over scheme. Another group of patients was treated with indoprofen for eight days preceded and followed by a four-day placebo treatment. In both studies concomitant treatment with the hypoglycemic drug was maintained with a fixed dosage. No important differences were found between blood glucose levels when the periods of treatment with indoprofen and placebo were compared. Consequently, it is unlikely that indoprofen treatment at the doses employed may interfere at the clinical level with the effect of tolbutamide or glipizide on glucose metabolism.
Image processing algorithms for real-time tracking and control of an active catheter (2007)

In this paper, we investigate vision-based robot-assisted active catheter insertion. A map of the vessels is extracted using image processing techniques and the locations of the junctions of the blood vessels are detected. The desired path of the catheter and the target is selected by the user/clinician. The tip of the catheter is tracked in real-time and the robot and the active catheter are controlled based on the position of the catheter inside the vessels. The active catheter is commanded by an autonomous guidance algorithm to bend in the appropriate direction at the branches. The stroke length for the robotic insertion is controlled by the autonomous guidance algorithm to ensure smooth motion of the catheter inside arteries. A PI controller has been implemented to overcome flexing in the catheter and maintain smooth motion. The catheter is autonomously guided from the point of entry to the target via appropriate commands, thereby shielding the surgeon from radiation exposure due to the X-rays in X-ray fluoroscopy and relieving him/her of stress and fatigue. Experimental results for the insertion algorithms are shown using a laboratory testbed.
Storage alternatives for mobile computers (1994)

Mobile computers such as notebooks, subnotebooks, and palmtops require low weight, low power consumption, and good interactive performance. These requirements impose many challenges on architectures and operating systems. This paper investigates three alternative storage devices for mobile computers: magnetic hard disks, flash memory disk emulators, and flash memory cards.We have used hardware measurements and trace-driven simulation to evaluate each of the alternative storage devices and their related design strategies. Hardware measurements on an HP OmniBook 300 highlight differences in the performance of the three devices as used on the Omnibook, especially the poor performance of version 2.00 of the Microsoft Flash File System [11] when accessing large files. The traces used in our study came from different environments, including mobile computers (Macintosh Power-Books) and desktop computers (running Windows or HPUX), as well as synthetic workloads. Our simulation study shows that flash memory can reduce energy consumption by an order of magnitude, compared to magnetic disk, while providing good read performance and acceptable write performance. These energy savings can translate into a 22% extension of battery life. We also find that the amount of unused memory in a flash memory card has a substantial impact on energy consumption, performance, and endurance: compared to low storage utilizations (40% full), running flash memory near its capacity (95% full) can increase energy consumption by 70-190%, degrade write response time by 30%, and decrease the lifetime of the memory card by up to a third. For flash disks, asynchronous erasure can improve write response time by a factor of 2.5.
Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β and Type IV Collagen in Early Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes (1997)

The earliest manifestations of type I diabetic nephropathy include mesangial matrix expansion, basement membrane thickening, and renal hypertrophy. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, a potent inducer of matrix protein synthesis, is a prime candidate to mediate the glomerular changes observed in diabetes. However, the temporal expression of TGF-beta and matrix proteins during the early stage of diabetic nephropathy has not been clearly defined. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we determined the expression of TGF-beta and type IV collagen mRNAs and proteins in glomeruli and interstitium of diabetic rats 3, 7, and 14 days after streptozotocin (STZ) administration. There was a marked increase in the expression of TGF-beta and alpha1(IV) procollagen mRNAs in glomerular and tubulointerstitial cells as early as 3 days after induction of diabetes, an effect that persisted for 14 days. A concomitant increase in TGF-beta and type IV collagen proteins was also observed at each time point. Insulin treatment substantially inhibited the increased expression of TGF-beta and collagen type IV mRNAs and proteins. We conclude that TGF-beta is increased in glomeruli during the early phase of rapid renal growth in diabetes. These findings suggest that TGF-beta may be a key factor involved in the pathogenesis of basement membrane thickening and extracellular matrix accumulation. Inhibition of TGF-beta and type IV collagen expression by insulin treatment suggests that they may be useful structural markers for determining the efficacy of therapeutic intervention during early diabetic nephropathy.
NADPH-Dependent Thioredoxin Reductase and a New Thioredoxin from Wheat (1979)

Abstract An album in fraction extracted from wheat flour contains thioredoxin reductase (Mr = 65,000) and a heat-stable thioredoxin (M r = 15,000) which are separated on DEAE cellulose and further purified by gel filtration. W heat thioredoxin stimulates E. coli ribonucleotide reductase but not chloroplast fructose-bis-phosphatase. The enzyme is NADPH -dependent (K m = 3.2 X 10 -6 ᴍ) . In presence of the thioredoxin it slowly reduces other proteins like insulin or ribonuclease. Therefore it is most likely identical with a protein disulfide reductase (of unknown specificity) previously described in wheat. This new thioredoxin system is a counterpart of the ferredoxin-dependent system found in photosynthetic plant cells, suggesting different, specific mechanisms for regeneration of reduced thioredoxins in germinating seeds and green plants.
An automatic and quantitative on-chip cell migration assay using self-assembled monolayers combined with real-time cellular impedance sensing (2008)

Cell migration is crucial in many physiological and pathological processes including embryonic development, immune response and cancer metastasis. Traditional methods for cell migration detection such as wound healing assay usually involve physical scraping of a cell monolayer followed by an optical observation of cell movement. However, these methods require hand-operation with low repeatability. Moreover, it's a qualitative observation not a quantitative measurement, which is hard to scale up to a high-throughput manner. In this article, a novel and reliable on-chip cell migration detection method integrating surface chemical modification of gold electrodes using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and real-time cellular impedance sensing is presented. The SAMs are used to inhibit cell adherence forming an area devoid of cells, which could effectively mimic wounds in a cell monolayer. After a DC electrical signal was applied, the SAMs were desorbed from the electrodes and cells started to migrate. The process of cell migration was monitored by real-time impedance sensing. This demonstrates the first occurrence of integrating cellular impedance sensing and wound-forming with SAMs, which makes cell migration assay being real-time, quantitative and fully automatic. We believe this method could be used for high-throughput anti-migratory drug screening and drug discovery.
Large-scale purification and characterization of the major phosphoproteins and mucins of human submandibular-sublingual saliva (1991)

The major components of human submandibular-sublingual saliva (HSMSL) are mucins, amylases, cystatins, proline-rich proteins and statherin. Structure-function studies of these molecules have been hampered by the small amounts of purified materials that can be isolated from human secretions. The present study describes an integrated purification protocol for the large-scale preparation of many of these molecules. To dissociate partially heterotypic complexes among salivary molecules, HSMSL was initially fractionated into four pools by gel filtration with 6 M-guanidine hydrochloride. Subsequent fractionation of these four pools by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography resulted in the purification of high- and low-Mr mucins, neutral and acidic cystatins, acidic and basic proline-rich proteins and statherin. Many variants or isoforms of these salivary molecules have been identified and biochemically characterized. Biochemical studies indicated that the low-Mr mucin exists as two isoforms which vary in their sialic acid to fucose ratios. Three isoforms of acidic cystatin S were characterized which differ in their phosphate content. Two isoforms of a basic proline-rich peptide were identified; the smaller peptide was a truncated form missing the first seven amino acids.