gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: preoperative imaging and evaluation (2018)

Imaging is a critical component of the pre-procedure evaluation and planning of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Imaging is the mainstay for proper assessment of procedural candidacy, relevant vascular anatomy, device selection, and surgical approach. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) has long been considered the preferred modality for pre-operative imaging and evaluation prior to EVAR. Recently, advances in image quality and software technology have further enhanced the proceduralist's ability to plan and perform EVAR. In this review, we highlight the current state of the art to provide interventionalists a contemporary assessment of the available tools for pre-operative imaging and evaluation prior to EVAR.
Nitric oxide and prostacyclin in acute interstitial pneumonia (2002)

Ring lesions on MRI of the brain raise suspicion of abscess or renal cell carcinoma, but seldom both. CASE HISTORYA man of 57 was found unresponsive after three weeks of weight loss, cough with haemoptysis and diplopia.His only noteworthy medical history was ankylosing spondylitis.He was profoundly confused, pyrexial (39.1 8C), cachectic, apathetic and doubly incontinent.On examination he was tachypnoeic and at the right lung base there was percussion dullness, reduced air entry and bronchial breathing; there was weakness in the upper and lower limbs (4/5), most pronounced at the right shoulder (3/5); vertical nystagmus and a pout re¯ex were present.He had a neutrophilia of 28610 9 /L.A chest X-ray demonstrated right lower zone consolidation with a cavitating lesion.MRI of the brain showed 20 rounded lesions with enhancing rims in both hemispheres; the largest, located in the left parietal lobe, measured 2 cm in diameter (Figure 1).An extracerebral collection was present over the right parietal lobe.A chest/ abdomen CT scan showed a moderate left pleural effusion with minor consolidation and a small right pleural effusion with cystic areas containing air±¯uid levels.A soft tissue mass was present in the right kidney.Renal cell carcinoma with cerebral metastases was suspected radiologically, because of the lack of vasogenic oedema surrounding the lesions.However, diagnostic pleural aspiration yielded 30 mL of pus.Bilateral pleural empyemas were aspirated under ultrasound guidance.Multiple brain abscesses were then suspected: the patient was started on intravenous ceftriaxone and metronidazole and transferred for neurosurgery.Stereotactic drainage of pus from the right subdural space con®rmed a subdural empyema.The pus contained Gram-positive cocci.On simultaneous stereotactic biopsy, the largest ring-enhancing lesion was con®rmed histologically as a brain abscess.Back in our department, ultrasound-guided aspiration of the right renal mass yielded 120 mL of pus; a pigtail catheter was inserted and drained a further 150 mL.Streptococcus anginosus was cultured from pleural and perinephric aspirates; cytology showed no malignant cells; multiple blood cultures were negative.Echocardiography and HIV and Mantoux tests were normal.The patient's condition improved with antibiotic therapy.After the perinephric catheter ceased draining, a repeat abdominal CT scan showed a persistent perinephric CASE
Cooperative localization and mapping of MAVs using RGB-D sensors (2015)

The fusion of IMU and RGB-D sensors presents an interesting combination of information to achieve autonomous localization and mapping using robotic platforms such as ground robots and flying vehicles. In this paper, we present a software framework for cooperative localization and mapping while simultaneously using multiple aerial platforms. We employ a monocular visual odometry algorithm to solve the localization task, where the depth data flow associated to the RGB image is used to estimate the scale factor associated with the visual information. The current framework enables autonomous onboard control of each vehicle with cooperative localization and mapping. We present a methodology that provides both a sparse map generated by the monocular SLAM and a multiple resolution dense map generated by the associated depth. The localization algorithm and both 3D mapping algorithms work in parallel improving the system real-time reliability. We present experimental results to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach using two quadrotors platforms.
Divergence measures and message passing (2005)

This paper presents a unifying view of messagepassing algorithms, as methods to approximate a complex Bayesian network by a simpler network with minimum information divergence. In this view, the difference between mean-field methods and belief propagation is not the amount of structure they model, but only the measure of loss they minimize (‘exclusive ’ versus ‘inclusive’ Kullback-Leibler divergence). In each case, message-passing arises by minimizing a localized version of the divergence, local to each factor. By examining these divergence measures, we can intuit the types of solution they prefer (symmetry-breaking, for example) and their suitability for different tasks. Furthermore, by considering a wider variety of divergence measures (such as alpha-divergences), we can achieve different complexity and performance goals. 1
Using screening tools to identify neuropathic pain (2006)

Bennett, Michael I.a,*; Attal, Nadineb; Backonja, Miroslav M.c; Baron, Ralfd; Bouhassira, Didierb; Freynhagen, Rainere; Scholz, Joachimf; Tölle, Thomas R.g; Wittchen, Hans-Ulrichh; Jensen, Troels Staehelini Author Information
Chemical Principles in Tissue Clearing and Staining Protocols for Whole-Body Cell Profiling (2016)

Mammalian bodies have more than a billion cells per cubic centimeter, which makes whole-body cell (WBC) profiling of an organism one of the ultimate challenges in biology and medicine. Recent advances in tissue-clearing technology have enabled rapid and comprehensive cellular analyses in whole organs and in the whole body by a combination of state-of-the-art technologies of optical imaging and image informatics. In this review, we focus mainly on the chemical principles in currently available techniques for tissue clearing and staining to facilitate our understanding of their underlying mechanisms. Tissue clearing is usually conducted by the following steps: (a) fixation, (b) permeabilization, (c) decolorizing, and (d) refractive index (RI) matching. To phenotype individual cells after tissue clearing, it is important to visualize genetically encoded fluorescent reporters and/or to stain tissues with fluorescent dyes, fluorescent labeled antibodies, or nucleic acid probes. Although some technical challenges remain, the chemical principles in tissue clearing and staining for WBC profiling will enable various applications, such as identifying cellular circuits across multiple organs and measuring their dynamics in stochastic and proliferative cellular processes, for example, autoimmune and malignant neoplastic diseases.
Role of Silicas and Silicates in Rubber Adhesion (1968)

Abstract The addition of resoreinol plus hexamethylenetetramine and/or hydrated silicas to rubber compounds can result in increased adhesion to textiles, wire, and other rubber compounds. Silica prevents loss of adhesion on aging or at elevated temperatures. The increase in adhesion is due, depending on the system, to improved wetting and hydrogen-bonding between the rubber compound and the substrate to which it adheres.
Static-digital overcurrent relays permit enhanced protection (2002)

Multi-function static overcurrent relays employing digital technology have functionality that permits improved and expanded protection in many applications. While a relay is normally selected for the required overcurrent and ground fault protection, effective utilization of additional available functions can provide added security without significant additional cost. This paper describes an application for an oil refinery power system that uses directional overcurrent elements and reverse interlocking between the main, tie and feeder relays for a dual source-normally closed tie system. This scheme provides fast tripping for bus faults, which has several advantages over traditional bus differential relaying. This paper also describes a ground fault protection scheme to detect feeder grounds on a high resistance grounded system.
Synthesis of Optically Active β,γ-Unsaturated α-Amino Acids and of α,β-Unsaturated γ-Amino Acids. SN2- vs. SN2’-Dichotomy of the Mitsunobu Amination of Allylic Alcohols (1995)

Novel and efficient syntheses (6-9 steps, overall yields 10-30%) are described for optically pure β,γ-unsaturated α-amino acids and α,β-unsaturated γ-amino acids, starting from (R)-isopropylidene glyceraldehyde and ethyl (S)-lactate, respectively. The key step is the Mitsunobu reaction of chiral secondary allylic alcohols with phthalimide as the nucleophile, where α,γ allylic transpositions are observed for the first time. The structure-α,γ-ratio-relationship is studied and also the stereochemistry of the allylic transposition. The α-substitution proceeds via clean SN2 inversion, whereas the γ-substitution corresponds to an (E)-anti attack of the nucleophilic with varying stereoselectivities.
Incremental JIT compiler for implicitly parallel functional language (2013)

We present a novel method for automatic parallelization of functional programs which combines interpretation and just-in-time compilation. We propose an execution model for a Lisp-based programming language which involves a runtime environment which is able to identify portions of code worth running in parallel and is able to spawn new threads of execution. Furthermore, in order to achieve better performance, runtime environment dynamically identifies expressions worth compiling and compiles them into a native code.
DNA sequence evidence for the segmental allotetraploid origin of maize (1997)

It has long been suspected that maize is the product of an historical tetraploid event. Several observations support this possibility, including the fact that the maize genome contains duplicated chromosomal segments with colinear gene arrangements. Some of the genes from these duplicated segments have been sequenced. In this study, we examine the pattern of sequence divergence among 14 pairs of duplicated genes. We compare the pattern of divergence to patterns predicted by four models of the evolution of the maize genome-autotetraploidy, genomic allotetraploidy, segmental allotetraploidy, and multiple segmental duplications. Our analyses indicate that coalescent times for duplicated sequences fall into two distinct groups, corresponding to roughly 20.5 and 11.4 million years. This observation strongly discounts the possibility that the maize genome is the product of a genomic allotetraploid event, and it is also difficult to reconcile with either autotetraploidy or multiple independent segmental duplications. However, the presence of two (and only two) coalescent times is predicted by the segmental allotetraploid model. If the maize genome is the product of a segmental allotetraploid event, as these data suggest, then its two diploid progenitors diverged roughly 20.5 million years ago (Mya), and the allotetraploid event probably occurred approximately 11.4 Mya. Comparison of maize and sorghum sequences suggests that one of the two ancestral diploids shares a more recent common ancestor with sorghum than it does with the other ancestral diploid.
A FORMAL REPRESENTATION OF MECHANICAL FUNCTIONS TO SUPPORT PHYSICS-BASED COMPUTATIONAL REASONING IN EARLY MECHANICAL DESIGN (2011)

The lack of computational support to the conceptual phase of mechanical engineering design is well recognized. Function-based modeling and thinking is widely recommended in design texts as useful means for describing design concepts and using them in tasks such as solution search, problem decomposition, and design archival. Graph-based function structure models that describe a product as a network of transformative actions of material, energy, and information, are discussed as a potential tool for this purpose, but in the current state of the art, function structures are not formalized as a computational representation. Consequently, no computer tool exists with which a designer can construct grammatically controlled function structure models, explore design ideas by model editing, and perform automated reasoning on the model against the laws of nature to draw analytical inferences on the design. This research presents, verifies, and validates a formal representation of mechanical functions that supports consistent computer-aided modeling of early design and reasoning on those models based on two universal principles of physics: (1) conservation and (2) irreversibility. The representation is complete in three layers. The first layer--the Conservation Layer--is defined with nine entities, five relations, five attributes, and 33 grammar rules that together formalize the construction of function structure graphs and support conservation-based qualitative validation of design concepts. The second layer--the Irreversibility Layer--includes three additional attributes that support both conservation-based and irreversibility-based reasoning at qualitative and quantitative levels. The third layer--the Semantic Layer--is an extension of the previous two, where a vocabulary of nine verbs that describe mechanical devices and physical principles as functions is proposed. This layer supports feature-based modeling and semantic reasoning of function structures. The internal consistency of the representation is verified by logical examination and ontological consistency checking using Protégé-OWL. The coverage of the verbs is examined by constructing descriptive function structure models of a variety of existing physical principles and devices. The research is validated by incorporating the representation in a software tool using an object-oriented language and graphic user-interface, and by using the tool to construct models and demonstrate conservation-based and irreversibility-based reasoning.
Selective sharpness enhancement of heavily-corrupted old film sequences (2000)

The film material of old movies is often corrupted heavily by several distortions such as scratches, blotches and so on. In corrupted old film sequences, most of the sharp brightness transitions have been blurred, and picture details have come near to being lost. To improve their picture quality, we should restore sharpness of original brightness transitions. However, the application of the sharpness enhancement uniformly to the whole old film sequence would make such distortions as scratches and blotches more annoying. To solve this problem, this paper develops a selective sharpness enhancement method which can selectively sharpen blurred edges without increasing the visibility of those distortions such as scratches, blotches and random noise contained in corrupted old film sequences.
Keratin 19 as a biochemical marker of skin stem cells in vivo and in vitro: keratin 19 expressing cells are differentially localized in function of anatomic sites, and their number varies with donor age and culture stage (1996)

This study was undertaken to evaluate keratin 19 (K19) as a biochemical marker for skin stem cells in order to address some long standing questions concerning these cells in the field of cutaneous biology. We first used the well-established mouse model enabling us to identify skin stem cells as [3H]thymidine-label-retaining cells. A site directed antibody was raised against a synthetic peptide of K19. It reacted specifically with a 40 kDa protein (K19) on immunoblotting. It labelled the bulge area of the outer root sheath on mouse skin by immunohistochemistry. Double-labelling revealed that K19-positive-cells were also [3H]thymidine-label-retaining cells, suggesting that K19 is a marker for skin stem cells of hair follicles. K19-expression was then used to investigate the variation in mouse and human skin stem cells as a function of body site, donor age and culture time. K19 was expressed in the hair follicle and absent from the interfollicular epidermis at hairy sites (except for some K18 coexpressing Merkel cells). In contrast, at glabrous sites, K19-positive-cells were in deep epidermal rete ridges. K19 expressing cells also contained high levels of alpha 3 beta 1 integrin. The proportion of K19-positive-cells was greater in newborn than older foreskins. This correlated with keratinocyte culture lifespan variation with donor age. Moreover, it could explain clinical observations that children heal faster than adults. In conclusion, K19 expression in skin provides an additional tool to allow further characterization of skin stem cells under normal and pathological conditions in situ and in vitro.
Identification and Characterization of Human and Mouse Ovastacin (2004)

We have cloned and characterized human and mouse ovary cDNAs encoding a new protein of the astacin family of metalloproteinases, called ovastacin because of its predominant expression in ovarian tissues. Human and mouse ovastacins exhibit the same domain organization as other astacins, including signal sequence, propeptide, and metalloproteinase domain. However, ovastacins show an additional C-terminal domain of about 150 amino acids with no similarity to other ancillary domains present in the equivalent region of most astacins. Northern blot analysis of human tissues and cell lines revealed that ovastacin is only detected at significant levels in leukemia and lymphoma cells of different origin. In addition, RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that ovastacin is expressed in human and mouse ovary, in unfertilized mouse oocytes, and in 1.5-day-postcoitum preimplantation embryos. Further studies showed that superovulation caused a dramatic increase in the expression of mouse ovastacin, indicating that the production of this enzyme is under hormonal regulation. Human ovastacin was expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified recombinant protein hydrolyzed synthetic substrates used for assaying metalloproteinases. These activities were abolished by inhibitors of metalloproteinases, but not by inhibitors of other classes of proteases. On the basis of these results, we suggest that ovastacin could play in mammals a physiological function similar to that performed by hatching proteases in evolutionary distant species from arthropods to fish.
Field measurements and calculations of electrostatic effects of overhead transmission lines (1976)

The results of an electrostatic measurements program held in conjunction with the IEEE Working Group on E/S and E/M Effects of Transmission Lines and attended by representatives of several organizations are presented. Measurements were made at ground level under an energized 525-kV line of electric field intensity, of induced currents and voltages on objects, and of perception and annoyance levels of men, women, and children for steady state and transient shocks. Three types of field strength meter were employed. They gave consistent readings in agreement with predicted field strength. Analytical estimates of short circuit current for various objects are in agreement with measured values.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (2005)

The author tries to summarize the harm to mankind, epidemiology, clinical manifestation,preventivetactics of highly pathogenic avian influenza.
Does Holding a Teacher Education Degree Make a Difference in School Counselors' Job Performance?. (2010)

An important hiring criterion maintained by some school districts is that school counselors possess a teaching certificate and prior teaching experience. The present study examined the actual job performance of novice school counselor (interns) in relation to whether they had teacher certification and at least two years of teaching experience, or entered the school counseling profession as non-teachers. Results showed that standardized supervisors’ evaluations of counselor interns’ performance in four main skill areas (Professional Behavior, Clinical Skills, Teaching Skills, Hireability) were not associated with prior teacher training and/or experience. However, male, novice counselors were rated somewhat lower on the domain of Professional Behavior than female counselors. The methodological advantages of studying the teachercounselor question using novice counselors and expert supervisor-evaluators are discussed. The implications for graduate program training and hiring practices are summarized.
Atopic dermatitis: an overview. (2012)

Atopic dermatitis, also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic pruritic skin condition affecting approximately 17.8 million persons in the United States. It can lead to significant morbidity. A simplified version of the U.K. Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria can help make the diagnosis. Asking about the presence and frequency of symptoms can allow physicians to grade the severity of the disease and response to treatment. Management consists of relieving symptoms and lengthening time between flare-ups. Regular, liberal use of emollients is recommended. The primary pharmacologic treatment is topical corticosteroids. Twice-daily or more frequent application has not been shown to be more effective than once-daily application. A maintenance regimen of topical corticosteroids may reduce relapse rates in patients who have recurrent moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus are calcineurin inhibitors that are recommended as second-line treatment for persons with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis and who are at risk of atrophy from topical corticosteroids. Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued a boxed warning about a possible link between these medications and skin malignancies and lymphoma, studies have not demonstrated a clear link. Topical and oral antibiotics may be used to treat secondary bacterial infections, but are not effective in preventing atopic dermatitis flare-ups. The effectiveness of alternative therapies, such as Chinese herbal preparations, homeopathy, hypnotherapy/biofeedback, and massage therapy, has not been established.
Experimental evaluation of delay/loss-based TCP congestion control algorithms (2008)

We present initial experimental results for TCP Illinois and Compound TCP. These tests are for relatively simple scenarios yet they are sufficient to highlight several interesting issues. We observe that both TCP Illinois and Compound TCP can exhibit poor scaling behaviour as path BDP increases. As a result, link utilisation can be low and network responsiveness can become sluggish as BDP increases. We also document a number of important implementation issues observed during our tests.
Solution versus Fluorous versus Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3-Azoles. Preliminary Antibacterial Activity Studies (2009)

A small library of compounds with an oxa(thia)zole scaffold and structural diversity in both positions 2 and 5 has been synthesized. Double acylation of a protected glycine affords intermediate alpha-amido-beta-ketoesters, which in turn can be dehydrated to afford 1,3-oxazoles or reacted with Lawesson's reagent to furnish 1,3-thiazoles. This procedure was designed with its adaptation to fluorous techniques in mind. Thus, when a protected glycine with a fluorous tag in the ester moiety is used as a starting material, the synthesis can be easily completed without column chromatography purification of intermediate compounds with good to excellent yields, thus affording a suitable entry to the preparation of small libraries of these bioactive compounds. The prepared oxa(thia)zoles were assayed for their antibacterial activity, and several of them were active against Staphylococcus aureus.