gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombin Enhances Lung Fibroblast Proliferation in Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis (1991)

To clarify the role of thrombin in fibroblast growth and the development of pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-induced interstitial lung disease, we examined the relationship of thrombin activity to fibroblast growth-stimulating activity (FGA) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from bleomycin-treated rats. Male Wistar rats were given a single intratracheal injection of bleomycin, BAL was performed 2, 6, and 15 days later, and the BAL fluid was assayed for thrombin activity and FGA. Higher FGA than the control value was detected in the BAL fluid from rats on day 6 after bleomycin administration. In bleomycin-treated rats, thrombin activity in the BAL fluid was significantly elevated on day 2 and maximal on day 6. The FGA of the BAL fluid from bleomycin-treated rats on day 6 was significantly decreased by its treatment with various thrombin inhibitors, such as alpha 1-protease inhibitor, antithrombin III, hirudin, and MD-805. In our assay, purified rat thrombin also showed FGA in vitro, and its FGA was inhibited by the same concentrations of these thrombin inhibitors as those inhibiting the activity in the BAL fluid. On ammonium sulfate fractionation, most of the thrombin activity was recovered in the fraction of 35 to 50% saturation in which most of the FGA was detected. These results suggest that the FGA of the BAL fluid from bleomycin-treated rats was at least partly due to thrombin is responsible, at least in part, for fibroblast growth and pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-induced interstitial lung disease.
CYTOKINE VARIATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HORMONE TREATED PROSTATE CANCER (2000)

We evaluated the immunological response in patients with hormone sensitive and refractory prostate cancer, and untreated benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Serum levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 3 groups of patients. The groups included 18 men with a mean age of 79 years who had hormone sensitive prostate cancer, mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) plus or minus standard deviation 1.03 +/- 2.65 ng./ml. and a mean of 35 months of treatment, 10 with a mean age of 86 years who had hormone refractory prostate cancer, mean PSA 27.52 +/- 42.23 ng./ml. and a mean of 42 months of treatment, and 19 with a mean age of 73 years who had BPH and mean PSA 3.37 +/- 2.47 ng./ml. Results were compared with those in 10 age matched, disease-free controls. In the hormone sensitive group PSA regressed to normal and there was clinical evidence of a response to hormone ablation therapy, including orchiectomy, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue and androgen blockade. Hormone refractory cases had elevated PSA and/or clinical evidence of disease progression.Levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly elevated in the hormone refractory group compared with values in the hormone sensitive group (p = 0.02, 0.01 and 0.0001, respectively). Abnormal anti-inflammatory cytokines in hormone resistant cases correlated with elevated PSA, while in the BPH group there was no significant difference from controls. Pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hormone sensitive and resistant groups were not significantly different from those in controls.Our study indicates that in hormone refractory prostate cancer a high level of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 develops that is directly associated with elevated PSA. Changes in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines when androgen independent cells exist may have an important role in the selection of a subset of hormone insensitive cells. These criteria may be used as a prognostic marker for the response to hormone ablation therapy in men with prostate cancer.
Mitigation mechanism against in-vehicle network intrusion by reconfiguring ECU and disabling attack packet (2018)

As the connectivity of vehicles grows and becomes more intelligent, security threats are also increasing. In fact, hacking of vehicles such as Jeep Cherokee (2014), Mitsubishi Outlander (2016) and Tesla model S (2016 and 2017) has been reported. Currently, various intrusion detection solutions are emerging in order to defend the cyber-attacks of vehicles, but up to now, the response to detection has remained at the ex post countermeasure level. In this paper, we propose a mitigation mechanism to cope with an attack on a vehicular internal network. The proposed mechanism reconfigures ECUs and disables attack packets to mitigate damage to network intrusions.
Macromol. Mater. Eng. 5/2009 (2009)

Cover: Is the variation of HDT values of an amorphous polymer due to different residual stress levels? Or are these two entities symptoms of the same physical state of a polymer? In the corresponding article, the heat deflection is decomposed to its individual component and these questions are answered. Further details can be found in the article by X. Li* and J. Mason on page 306.
Dynamics of gain-guided solitons in an all-normal-dispersion fiber laser (2007)

We report experimental and numerical results on the dynamics of gain-guided solitons in a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser made of purely normal dispersion fibers. We show that formation of the soliton in the laser is a result of mutual interaction and balance among the cavity transmission, fiber Kerr nonlinearity, gain saturation, and filtering over one cavity round trip.
Stability of IZO and a-Si:H TFTs Processed at Low Temperature (200 $^{\circ}{\hbox{C}}$) (2011)

Mixed-oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been extensively researched due to their improved stability under electrical bias stress compared to amorphous-silicon TFTs. However, there are many challenges before they can reach the manufacturing stage. At the Flexible Display Center (FDC), Arizona State University, Tempe, we are developing a low temperature indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) TFT process suitable for flexible substrates such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). We report the effect of bias stress on the performance of these IZO TFTs and compare it with a-Si:H TFTs. We also report the design and fabrication of a 3.8-in QVGA electrophoretic display on PEN substrate using IZO TFT backplane.
Variable Coherence Microscopy: a Rich Source of Structural Information from Disordered Materials (1996)

Variable coherence microscopy, a tool for quantitative analysis of structural fluctuations in disordered materials, is introduced. The method involves transmission electron microscopy of thin films and uses hollow-cone illumination. Experiments were performed on annealed evaporated amorphous germanium. Although many aspects of the data agree with the continuous random network model, there is experimental evidence for additional medium-range structure on the 10–20 Å scale.
A Correlation of the Calculated Intracrystalline Void Volumes and Limiting Adsorption Volumes in Zeolites (1973)

The limiting adsorption volumes for various adsorbates (H2O, N2, O2, neopentane) in the zeolites A, X, L, mordenite, omega, and a synthetic offretite type have been determined from isotherms. These have been compared with the void volumes calculated from the known crystal structures. For most adsorbates the measured and calculated void volumes are in good agreement. However, helium and nitrogen exhibit anomalous behavior. void volume-framework density relation for zeolites is given.
Short Pulse Laser Production of Diamond Thin Films (1998)

The use of diamond thin films has the potential for major impact in many industrial and scientific applications. These include heat sinks for electronics, broadband optical sensors, windows, cutting tools, optical coatings, laser diodes, cold cathodes, and field emission displays. Attractive properties of natural diamond consist of physical hardness, high tensile yield strength, chemical inertness, low coefficient of friction, high thermal conductivity, and low electrical conductivity. Unfortunately, these properties are not completely realized in currently produced diamond thin films. Chemical vapor deposition, in its many forms, has been the most successful to this point in producing crystalline diamond films microns to millimeters in thickness which are made up of closely packed diamond crystals microns in physical dimension. However, high purity films are difficult to realize due to the use of hydrogen in the growth process which becomes included in the film matrix. These impurities are manifest in film physical properties which are inferior to those of pure crystalline diamond. In addition, the large density of grain boundaries due to the polycrystalline nature of the films reduce the films' diamond-like character. Finally, substrates must be heated to several hundred degrees Celsius which is not suitable for many materials. Pulsed laser deposition is attractive due to its ability to produce high purity films-limited only by the purity of the target. For diamond film production, high purity carbon can be ablated directly by lasers and deposited as thin films at ambient temperatures. However, lasers currently in use generally deliver long (>10 ns) pulses, and the generally explosive nature of laser ablation, in addition to the desired single-atom or single-ion carbon, liberates significant amounts of carbon clusters (C{sub n} where n=2-30) and macroscopic particles (> 1-10 pm) of carbon. These carbon particles interrupt the ordered deposition of crystalline diamond, forming undesirable grain boundaries and rough surfaces that are difficult to polish. In addition, PLD generated films tend to be ''amorphous'' or nanocrystalline with no observable long-range order, but still possessing physical properties which are diamond-like in some approximation. This has given rise to the term ''diamond-like carbon'' when referring to these PLD-produced, amorphous carbon films. Growth rates for PLD have been prohibitively slow until recently with the advent of high average power, high rep-rate lasers.
Demonstration (2017)

Data volumes are rising at an increasing rate, stressing the limits of human attention. Current techniques for prioritizing user attention in this fast data are characterized by either cumbersome, ad-hoc analysis pipelines comprised of a diverse set of analytics tools, or brittle, static rule-based engines. To address this gap, we have developed MacroBase, a fast data analytics engine that acts as a search engine over fast data streams. MacroBase provides a set of highly-optimized, modular operators for streaming feature transformation, classification, and explanation. Users can leverage these optimized operators to construct efficient pipelines tailored for their use case. In this demonstration, SIGMOD attendees will have the opportunity to interactively answer and refine queries using MacroBase and discover the potential benefits of an advanced engine for prioritizing attention in high-volume, real-world data streams.
Effective crosstalk isolation through p/sup +/ Si substrates with semi-insulating porous Si (2002)

Through-the-wafer porous Si (PS) trenches have been used to provide radio frequency (RF) isolation in Si because of their semi-insulating property. Reduction of crosstalk by 70 dB at 2 GHz and 45 dB at 8 GRz is demonstrated between Al pads with 800 μm separation on p/sup +/Si. Crosstalk suppression increases linearly with increasing PS width to beyond 320 μm. This suppression is degraded by one order of magnitude when the Si underneath the PS trenches remains and serves as a residual path for crosstalk. These results show that PS is an excellent candidate for RF isolation in modern VLSI technology.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) promotes growth of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human monocytes iron-mediated growth suppression is correlated with decreased release of TNFalpha from iron-treated infected monocytes. (1997)

The human immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not well characterized. To better understand the cellular immune response to tuberculosis, a human mononuclear phagocyte culture system using a low-infecting inoculum of M. tuberculosis to mimic in vivo conditions was developed. Using this system, monocytes treated with IFNgamma/TNFalpha/ calcitriol (CytD) were permissive for the growth of virulent M. tuberculosis. In the presence of iron, however, these monocytes suppressed the growth of M. tuberculosis. The enhanced permissiveness of CytD-preincubated monocytes was found to be due to TNFalpha, however, the ability of iron to suppress M. tuberculosis growth also required preincubation with TNFalpha. Iron-mediated growth suppression was correlated with selective suppression of TNFalpha release from infected monocytes. In addition, removal of TNFalpha from CytD-treated monocytes 2 d after infection mimicked the suppressive effect of iron, suggesting that iron may also be decreasing monocyte sensitivity to exogenously added TNFalpha. In the absence of iron, permissive, CytD-treated monocytes formed large infected cellular aggregates. With iron treatment, aggregation was suppressed, suggesting that the iron-suppressive effect on M. tuberculosis growth may be related to suppression of monocyte aggregation and diminished cell-to-cell spread of M. tuberculosis. The results of this study indicate that TNFalpha preincubation is required for human monocytes to exert an iron-mediated suppressive effect on M. tuberculosis growth. In the absence of iron, however, the continued presence of TNFalpha has a growth-promoting effect on M. tuberculosis in human monocytes. Iron may be an important early modulator of M. tuberculosis growth via its effects on TNFalpha.
Molecular pathogenesis of Marek's disease—recent developments (1995)

Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disorder induced by a herpesvirus in chickens, its natural host. After an early cytolytic infection, the virus induces lymphomas in T-cells. These cells are latently infected with the virus, but very few viral transcripts or proteins are detectable. Although there are indications that some of these virus-encoded transcripts may be involved in tumourigenesis, the exact nature of the virus-cell interaction contributing towards the transformed phenotype is not completely understood. Among the transcripts the meq protein with basic leucine zipper (bZIP) characteristic of the fos/jun family of transcriptional activators is thought to play a major role in MDV-induced oncogenesis. Similarly the MDV-en-coded immediate early transcripts, ICP4, also seems to play an important role in latency and transformation. Apart from the virally-encoded factors, various host cell factors may be involved in the induction of tumours. Although not much work has been done in elucidating these factors, the possible role of tumour suppressor genes like p53, proto-oncogenes like Bcl-2 capable of blocking apoptosis, and telomerases in the induction of lymphomas are discussed. Some of the recent findings concerning the molecular mechanisms of interactions between MD virus and retroviruses are also presented.
Optogenetic stimulation of multiwell MEA plates for neural and cardiac applications (2016)

Microelectrode array (MEA) technology enables advanced drug screening and “disease-in-a-dish” modeling by measuring the electrical activity of cultured networks of neural or cardiac cells. Recent developments in human stem cell technologies, advancements in genetic models, and regulatory initiatives for drug screening have increased the demand for MEA-based assays. In response, Axion Biosystems previously developed a multiwell MEA platform, providing up to 96 MEA culture wells arrayed into a standard microplate format. Multiwell MEA-based assays would be further enhanced by optogenetic stimulation, which enables selective excitation and inhibition of targeted cell types. This capability for selective control over cell culture states would allow finer pacing and probing of cell networks for more reliable and complete characterization of complex network dynamics. Here we describe a system for independent optogenetic stimulation of each well of a 48-well MEA plate. The system enables finely graded control of light delivery during simultaneous recording of network activity in each well. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived cardiomyocytes and rodent primary neuronal cultures, we demonstrate high channel-count light-based excitation and suppression in several proof-of-concept experimental models. Our findings demonstrate advantages of combining multiwell optical stimulation and MEA recording for applications including cardiac safety screening, neural toxicity assessment, and advanced characterization of complex neuronal diseases.
Resource Allocation in Contending Virtualized Environments through VM Performance Modeling and Feedback (2011)

With active deployment of virtualization in large scale data centers and cloud computing environments, allocation and scheduling of virtual and physical resources raise more challenges and may have negative impacts on system performance due to: (1) the isolation between the guest Virtual Machines (VMs) and the Virtual Machines Monitor (VMM), and (2) the independent and even conflicting operations between multiple VMs. In this paper a stochastic model of resources in virtualized environments is proposed and resource allocation and scheduling algorithm are proposed to provide performance guarantees and service differentiation in contending conditions. In the proposed algorithm user behavior and workloads are characterized through the historical and real time performance profiling and estimation from hosted agents within individual VMs. The resources are allocated according to the demand as well as the performance of the targeted VMs based on the Suffer age aggregation and performance feedback. Experiments on a real Xen based virtualization environment with 3 VMs are conducted and evaluated for accuracy, efficiency, sensitivity, and overhead. The results show that the performance feedback based allocation can achieve a higher SLA satisfaction rate as 97.5%, a lower load imbalance index as 17.6%. The results also show that this algorithm is valid, effective and scalable for implementation in real virtualized environments.
Synthesis of Chiral 1,1′‐Iminodicarboxylic Acid Derivatives from α‐Amino Acids, Aldehydes, Isocyanides, and Alcohols by the Diastereoselective Five‐Center–Four‐Component Reaction (1996)

Not only yields of up to 98% but also diastereomeric excesses of up to 84% are the advantages of this effective and versatile multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of iminodicarboxylic acid derivatives in a one-pot reaction [Eq. (a)].
Substitution of lysine for arginine at position 42 of human transforming growth factor-alpha eliminates biological activity without changing internal disulfide bonds. (1989)

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a growth-promoting protein that binds to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. To identify critical residues that govern TGF-alpha-EGF receptor binding, we prepared site-specific substitution mutants of TGF-alpha. Mutant proteins were tested in receptor-binding and mitogenesis assays. Semiconservative substitutions at positions 4, 12, 18, and 45 decreased biological activity 2.1- to 14-fold. The conservative substitution of lysine for arginine at position 42 completely eliminated biological activity. Amino acid composition analysis of proteolytic fragments from TGF-alpha and the Lys-42 mutant indicated that these proteins contained the same disulfide bonds. These studies suggest that arginine 42 may be a contact point for TGF-alpha-EGF receptor interaction.
Gestión de la Propiedad Intelectual en las Empresas de Proyectos que aplican el Perfeccionamiento Empresarial (2010)

Este trabajo expone las experiencias de la Empresa de Proyectos de Arquitectura e Ingenieria de Matanzas (EMPAI), Empresa que aplica el Perfeccionamiento Empresarial desde el ano 1999, con relacion a la Propiedad Intelectual y dichas experiencias pueden ser de gran utilidad para las Empresas de Proyectos, sirviendole de metodologia para elaborar su propio reglamento de Propiedad Intelectual.
Cross‐Ventricular Endless Loop Tachycardia During Biventricular Pacing (2001)

This report describes the development of an unusual pacemaker tachycardia in a patient with a conventional dual chamber pacemaker used for biventricular pacing in the VVIR mode. The atrial channel was connected to the left ventricle and the ventricular channel to the right ventricle. The tachycardia was sustained by sensing of the T wave by the "atrial channel" which triggered pacing by the "ventricular channel. " This "cross-ventricular" endless loop tachycardia is a reentrant pacemaker tachycardia like classic endless loop tachycardia and can be prevented by appropriate programming of the pacemaker.
Field Emission from Atomically Thin Edges of Reduced Graphene Oxide (2011)

Point sources exhibit low threshold electron emission due to local field enhancement at the tip. The development and implementation of tip emitters have been hampered by the need to position them sufficiently apart to achieve field enhancement, limiting the number of emission sites and therefore the overall current. Here we report low threshold field (< 0.1 V/μm) emission of multiple electron beams from atomically thin edges of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Field emission microscopy measurements show evidence for interference from emission sites that are separated by a few nanometers, suggesting that the emitted electron beams are coherent. On the basis of our high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and simulation results, field emission from the rGO edge is attributed to a stable and unique aggregation of oxygen groups in the form of cyclic edge ethers. Such closely spaced electron beams from rGO offer prospects for novel applications and understanding the physics of linear electron sources.
Evaluation of Insecticides and Plant Products for the Control of Insect Pests of Rainfed Upland Rice (1987)

The insecticides chlorpyrifos, isofenphos, carbofuran and carbosulfan, along with plant products from Begunia, Pokasunga, Karanja, Karada and neem as seed treatment, and carbofuran, endosulfan, lindane and phorate granules as furrow treatment were tested to control the insect pests of upland rice (gall midge, stem borer, mole cricket, ants, white grub and mealy bug) during 1980–84. All the insecticides tested as seed treatment @ 0.5 to 1.0 kg a.i./100 kg seed were found to be effective against gall midge and mole cricket and prevented ants from carrying away the sown seeds. A spray of quinalphos or oxydemeton-methyl (0.5 kg a.i./ha) at the heading stage, following carbofuran seed treatment offered effective control of stem borer and mealy bug, respetively. Furrow treatments with carbofuran or phorate granules (1.0 kg a.i./ha) also registered appreciable control of the pest complex and recorded higher grain yield in all the years. The plant products did not prove effective against insects infesting upland rice.