gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Characteristics of Bearing Alloys : 3 rd Report (1960)

Some properties of friction and wear of Al-base bearing alloys under dry or wet condition were investigated. The results of this investigation were as follows : (1) Under dry condition : When the speed was low, the rates of increase of wear decreased with the increase of load. But when the speed became high, the wear increased rapidly with the load beyond a certain amount of load. The wear decreased with the increase of speed to a certain minimum value and the speed at which the wear was minimum, became low as the load increased, and this tendency was conspicuous with AlJ1. (2) Under wet condition : The wear decreased generally with the increases of load and speed. When AlJ1 was used, this decrease was larger. The coefficient of friction of AlJ1 increased rapidly with the decrease of Zn/P below a value of Zn/P where the coefficient of friction showed a minimum value. Under a certain load, the coefficient of friction was almost constant regardless of the speed with every alloy.
Scalable network virtualization using FPGAs (2010)

Recent virtual network implementations have shown the capability to implement multiple network data planes using a shared hardware substrate. In this project, a new scalable virtual networking data plane is demonstrated which combines the performance efficiency of FPGA hardware with the flexibility of software running on a commodity PC. Multiple virtual router data planes are implemented using a Virtex II-based NetFPGA card to accommodate virtual networks requiring superior packet forwarding performance. Numerous additional data planes for virtual networks which require less bandwidth and slower forwarding speeds are implemented on a commodity PC server via software routers. Through experimentation, we determine that a throughput improvement of up to two orders of magnitude can be achieved for FPGA-based virtual routers versus a software-based virtual router implementation. Dynamic FPGA reconfiguration is supported to adapt to changing networking needs. System scalability is demonstrated for up to 15 virtual routers.
A MOSFET-only voltage source with arbitrary sign adjustable temperature coefficient (2011)

A MOS-diode biased by a constant inversion level current source is a simple MOSFET-only circuit that implements a voltage source with a linear temperature dependence. Through adjustment of the inversion level, the temperature slope may be changed from negative to positive, including the constant voltage condition. A test circuit, fabricated on a 0.35 μm CMOS technology, was measured from 300 K to 375 K while sweeping the inversion coefficient from 0.06 to 180. The theoretical model agrees with the measured data, accurately predicting the temperature slope. The presented all-region continuous model is especially useful at and near zero temperature slope operation.
Performance of stochastic and deterministic dithered quantizers (2000)

In this paper, the authors discuss the use of deterministic and stochastic dither sequences in analog-to-digital conversion including data postprocessing. Properties of both types of dither signals are highlighted, and a performance comparison is carried out by considering residual bias and mean square error. It is concluded that superior performance can be attained by deterministic dither in terms of system resolution and accuracy, at the expense of worse spectral characteristics. Experimental results are provided to support simulations and theoretical analysis.
Hemostatic agents. Adjuncts to control bleeding. (1991)

1. Allergic reactions can occur with the use of topical hemostatic agents. 2. Some hemostatic agents may be used in combination to provide more effective hemostasis (eg, thrombin and Gelfoam). 3. Documentation should be made of any hemostatic agent left in situ at the time of closure. 4. Use of topical hemostatic agents is generally contraindicated in contaminated wounds.
SACRAL NERVE NEUROMODULATION IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY MOTOR URGE INCONTINENCE: LONG-TERM RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE LONGITUDINAL STUDY (2000)

Sacral nerve neuromodulation is safe, effective and durable in patients with urge incontinence refractory to conservative treatment.
Double-sided low-temperature joining technique for power cycling capability at high temperature (2005)

There is a demand for higher junction temperatures in power devices, but the existing packaging technology is limiting the power cycling capability if the junction temperature is increased. Limiting factors are solder interconnections and bond wires. With Replacing the chip-substrate soldering by low temperature joining technique, the power cycling capability of power modules can be increased widely. Replacing also the bond wires and using a double-sided low temperature joining technique, a further significant increase in the life-time of power devices is achieved
Mutual Authentication for SIP: A Semantic Meaning for the SIP Opaque Values (2008)

The session initiation protocol (SIP) is rapidly becoming the dominant signalling protocol for calls over the Internet. It has quickly made large inroads into the voice over IP (VoIP) market. SIP is an application-layer control operating on top of a transport protocol and allows to create, modify, and terminate sessions with one or more participants. With security considerations, these operations require authentication from participating end-points, confidentiality, data integrity, and protection against internal and external attacks. For authentication, SIP relies on HTTP Digest by default; the client is authenticated to the SIP proxy server. In order to have mutual authentication between client and server, SIP could be implemented over TLS (transport layer security) when TCP is supported by SIP architecture network. In this paper, we propose a mutual authentication mechanism within HTTP Digest since this later is implemented by default in all SIP environments. It consists in providing meaning and semantic to some of the parameters' values generated by the participating end-points during SIP session establishment, especially to the "nonce" values. Our solution is backward-compatible with today implementations. Without being in opposition to security protocols like TLS, this approach helps in reducing DoS (denial of service) attacks, detects server identity spoofing and ensures basic mutual authentication with comparison to HTTP digest.
Two‐Dimensional Computational Analysis of Microbubbles in Hemodialysis (2013)

On average, an end-stage renal disease patient will undergo hemodialysis (HD) three or four times a week for 4-5 h per session. Any minor imperfection in the extracorporeal system may become significant in the treatment of these patients due to the cumulative exposure time. Recently, air traps (a safety feature of dialysis systems) have been reported to be inadequate in detecting microbubbles and may even create them. Microbubbles have been linked to lung injuries and damage to the brain in chronic HD patients; therefore the significance of microbubbles has been revisited. Bubbles may originate at the vascular access sites, sites of local turbulent blood flow, the air trap, or in the bloodlines after priming with saline prior to use. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics is used to model blood flow in the air trap to determine the likely mechanisms of microbubble dynamics. The results indicate that almost all bubbles with diameters less than 50 μm and most of the bubbles of 50-200 μm pass through the air trap. Consequently, the common air traps are not effective in removing bubbles less than 200 μm in diameter.
Automatic Detection and Tracking of Maneuverable Birds in Videos (2008)

In this paper, we try to detect and track maneuverable birds in captured videos for further automatic research. To avoid abrupt scene change, videos are captured by pointing the camera upwards and making the image against the sky. Two levels (pixel level and frame level) background update algorithm is used to get the foreground in real time. In frame level, three thresholds are used to update the background to achieve fast background update under abrupt scene changing. Targets are detected from the binary foreground after retrieving contours, size filter and margin measure. The tracking of maneuverable birds is achieved by using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) filter with no move types. The experiment results show that multiple maneuverable birds are detected and tracked accurately in real time, and the size of the tracking box adjust fast to cover the true area of birds.
Complexes of platinum(II), platinum(IV), rhodium(III) and iridium(III) containing orthometallated triphenylphosphine (2000)

Treatment of [PtCl2(SEt2)2] or [RhCl3(SEt2)3] with 2-LiC6H4PPh2 gives four-membered ring chelate arylplatinum(II) or arylrhodium(III) complexes [Pt{C6H4(PPh2)-2}2] and [Rh{C6H4(PPh2)-2}3], respectively, whereas the corresponding reaction of [IrCl3(SEt2)3] gives IrCl{C6H4(PPh2)-2}2(PPh3)] arising from cleavage of an Ir–C6H4(PPh2) bond. The chemistry of [Pt{C6H4(PPh2)-2}2] is dominated by the lability of the Pt–P bonds, which are displaced sequentially by ligands at room temperature to give complexes containing monodentate C6H4(PPh2), i.e. [Pt{C6H4(PPh2)-2}{η1-C6H4(PPh2)-2}(L)] [L = PPh3, P(OPh)3, P(OMe)3 or ButNC] and [Pt{η1-C6H4(PPh2)-2}2(R2PCH2CH2PR2)] (R = Ph, Me or Cy). In the cases of Me2PCH2CH2PMe2 and Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2, binuclear intermediates can be detected in which these ligands bridge two platinum atoms. Oxidative addition of methyl iodide or iodine to [Pt{C6H4(PPh2)-2}2] gives initially platinum(IV) complexes [PtI(R){C6H4(PPh2)-2}2] (R = Me or I) in which the added groups are mutually trans; in the final, stable products the added groups and the phosphorus atoms are, separately, mutually cis. Oxidative addition of bromine to [Pt{C6H4(PPh2)-2}2] gives initially trans-[PtBr2{C6H4(PPh2)-2}2] but subsequent oxidation and hydrolysis at the phosphorus atoms gives chelate tertiary phosphine oxide complexes of platinum(IV). The molecular structures of [Rh{C6H4(PPh2)-2}3] and cis-[PtI(Me){C6H4(PPh2)-2}2] have been determined by X-ray crystallography.
Synthesis of adenosine derivatives as transcription initiators and preparation of 5′ fluorescein- and biotin-labeled RNA through one-step in vitro transcription (2003)

Expanding our previous finding of an adenosine-initiated transcription system, we now demonstrate that either the 5' site or the N6 site of adenosine nucleotides can be modified extensively without abolishing their ability to initiate transcription under the T7 phi2.5 promoter. Two series of amino derivatives of adenosine nucleotides were synthesized. Fluorescein and biotin groups were coupled to AMP derivatives through linkers of different sizes and hydrophobicities. Both fluorescein- and biotin-conjugated (at either the 5' or N6 site) adenosine nucleotides can act as efficient transcription initiators, producing fluorescein- and biotin-labeled RNA at the specific 5' end by a one-step transcription procedure, eliminating posttranscriptional modification. Furthermore, N6-modified adenosine derivative-initiated transcription synthesizes 5' end modified RNA with a free phosphate group, providing the possibility for further derivatization. The current finding makes easily available a variety of site-specifically functionalized RNA, which may be used in nucleic acid detection, RNA structural and functional investigation, and generation and isolation of novel functional RNA.
Frontier Violence and Law and Order: Historical and Geographical Variance in the Great Plains of the North American West (2019)

Stark differences between the United States and Canada in the post-Civil War/post-Confederation frontier West of the Great Plains and Prairies regarding the role of government, levels of interpersonal violence, and access to firearms (especially handguns) helped to shape the two countries’ divergent developmental paths. Utilizing the alternative approaches of Seymour Martin Lipset’s “origins thesis” and borderlands studies to structure its analysis, this article contrasts the frontier experiences of both countries in the nineteenth century concerning gun laws, violence, and the enforcement of law and order. Canada’s frontier West was demonstrably more orderly and peaceful than was the American frontier, yet the closer one came to the 49th parallel, the more rowdy and violence-prone were the Canadian towns and settlements. Nevertheless, despite occasional instances of lawlessness, even the Alberta borderlands were not as violent or unruly as the American frontier, due in large measure to a strong central government and the effectiveness of the North-West Mounted Police.
Determination of relative CMRO2 from CBF and BOLD changes: Significant increase of oxygen consumption rate during visual stimulation (1999)

The blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effect in functional magnetic resonance imaging depends on at least partial uncoupling between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) changes. By measuring CBF and BOLD simultaneously, the relative change in CMRO2 can be estimated during neural activity using a reference condition obtained with known CMRO2 change. In this work, nine subjects were studied at a magnetic field of 1.5 T; each subject underwent inhalation of a 5% carbon dioxide gas mixture as a reference and two visual stimulation studies. Relative CBF and BOLD signal changes were measured simultaneously using the flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) technique. During hypercapnia established by an end-tidal CO2 increase of 1.46 kPa, CBF in the visual cortex increased by 47.3 +/- 17.3% (mean +/- SD; n = 9), and deltaR2* was -0.478 +/- 0.147 sec(-1), which corresponds to BOLD signal change of 2.4 +/- 0.7% with a gradient echo time of 50 msec. During black/white visual stimulation reversing at 8 Hz, regional CBF increase in the visual cortex was 43.6 +/- 9.4% (n = 18), and deltaR2* was -0.114 +/- 0.086 sec(-1), corresponding to a BOLD signal change of 0.6 +/- 0.4%. Assuming that CMRO2 does not change during hypercapnia and that hemodynamic responses during hypercapnia and neural stimulation are similar, relative CMRO2 change was determined using BOLD biophysical models. The average CMRO2 change in the visual cortex ranged from 15.6 +/- 8.1% (n = 18) with significant cerebral blood volume (CBV) contribution to 29.6 +/- 18.8% without significant CBV contribution. A weak positive correlation between CBF and CMRO2 changes was observed, suggesting the CMRO2 increase is proportional to the CBF increase.
Structure and Properties of Graphitized Carbon Fiber (1974)

Graphite fibers with a high degree of crystallinity have been prepared by heat treatment of carbon fibers at temperatures above 2800°C. The original carbon fibers were produced through a deposition technique by cracking vaporized benzene in carrier gas of hydrogen at about 1100°C. They have lengths ranging up to 25 cm, and diameters from 10 to several hundred microns. The graphite fibers consist of concentric tubes of graphite layers having a three-dimensional crystallinity, and the c-axes of the crystallite are nearly perpendiclar to the fiber axis. The electrical resistivity is 60–100 µΩ·cm along the fiber axis at room temperature, the temperature dependence being similar to that of the graphite whiskers in the range from room temperature down to liquid helium temperature. They also show a high degree of strength and flexibility. A fiber with a diameter of about 10 µm exhibits tensile strength of 50 t/cm2 and Young's modulus of 2000–3000 t/cm2.
Buthionine sulfoximine-induced cytostasis does not correlate with glutathione depletion (1992)

The effects of L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) on the proliferation of normal rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK-49F) were determined and compared with the effects of BSO on cellular glutathione (GSH) content. The proliferation rate of exponentially growing NRK-49F cells was found to be slowed in 0.01 and 0.1 mM BSO and arrested in 1.0 and 10 mM BSO. There is no retardation in the proliferation of cells cultured in 0.001 mM BSO. However, varying BSO concentrations at and above 0.1 mM did not result in concordant differences in the rate and extent of GSH depletion. A dose-dependent effect of BSO on GSH levels was observed at BSO concentrations less than or equal to 0.01 mM. BSO was found also to inhibit epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced DNA synthesis in NRK-49F cells arrested by serum deprivation in a dose-dependent pattern dissimilar to that of BSO-induced cellular GSH depletion. Removal of BSO allowed cells to resume proliferation. Further, growth-arresting BSO treatments were found to affect neither cell viability nor colony-forming efficiency. Addition of exogenous GSH or cysteine overcame BSO inhibition of EGF-induced DNA synthesis but not BSO depletion of cellular GSH levels. BSO was further found to inhibit the uptake of cysteine, cystine, and alpha-[1-14C]-methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB) by the EGF-stimulated quiescent cells in a dose-dependent fashion. The results presented here thus demonstrate that BSO inhibits the proliferation of NRK-49F cells. This effect, however, does not correlate with BSO-induced cellular GSH depletion and is not due to an overt toxic effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Daily self-weighing within a lifestyle intervention: Impact on disordered eating symptoms. (2013)

Daily self-weighing did not appear to be related to increased disordered eating behavior and was associated with better weight loss outcomes.
Comparison of voice activity detectors for interview speech in NIST speaker recognition evaluation (2011)

12th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH 2011, Florence, Italy, August 27-31, 2011
The Effect of Vasopressin and Related Compounds at V<sub>1a</sub>and V<sub>2</sub>Receptors in Animal Models Relevant to Human Disease* (2006)

Vasopressin, a neurohypophyseal peptide hormone, is the endogenous agonist at V1a, V1b and V2 receptors. The most important physiological function of vasopressin is the maintenance of water homeostasis through interaction with V2 receptors in the kidney. Vasopressin and related compounds are used in various clinical settings such as acute variceal bleeding associated with portal hypertension, septic shock, diabetes insipidus and coagulation disorders. The effect in the former two indications relates to the V1a receptor, and in the two latter indications the effect relates to the V2 receptor. Vasopressin and related compounds have demonstrated activity in animal models of portal hypertension, sepsis and septic shock, diabetes insipidus and coagulation disorders. The use of the compounds in animal models is reviewed. Generally, the effect of vasopressin and related compounds in animal models reflect the activity in the clinical setting, but in some cases important species differences exist.
A high performance class AB CMOS rail to rail voltage follower (2003)

A high performance class AB CMOS rail to rail voltage follower is presented. The circuit is based on the symmetrical class AB voltage follower and can operate under supply voltages of /spl plusmn/1.5 V. The proposed circuit has power dissipation of 2.5 mW under quiescent condition and can drive /spl plusmn/1.2 V to 250 /spl Omega/ load with a total harmonic distortion of less than 0.6 percent and cut off frequency of 131 MHz. Although simple, the proposed circuit enables the output transistors to drive loads efficiently.
Magnetic microlens with an atomically sharp field emitter (1993)

The design and performance of a simple magnetic microlens for the focusing of electron beams are described. A chemically etched tungsten field emission tip was placed between the poles of two high strength permanent magnets, and the emitted electrons focused. By in situ sharpening of the tip, an emission angle of 2° was obtained and a 2σ spot size of 80 nm was achieved at a distance of 2 mm. By mechanically scanning a sample through the focused beam, images of a test sample were obtained.
[The future guaranteeing the advanced accuracy]. (1999)

To guarantee the supply of accurate clinical information, the laboratory system uses external quality control, internal quality control, and data checking method. The correlation among these laboratory items and the continuity of the inter-subject variation are applied to self-acting assessment of data. In this text, we introduce other insights, not yet generalized to date, to guarantee the accuracy. First, we emphasize the importance of accurate data communication and redundancy of composition in the information equipment to improve the reliability of information transaction. Secondly, we applied the data checking system which synchronizes with pathophysiological changes in the patients to the diagnosis support system using the hypothesis deduction method. Thirdly, we present the mobility presumption method in the seat of protein electrophoresis crimp as a suitable example to obtain more accurate information processing of the original data.
Handling implicit geographic evidence for geographic ir (2008)

Most geographic information retrieval systems depend on the detection and disambiguation of place names in documents, assuming that the documents with a specific geographic scope contain explicit place names in the text that are strongly related to the document scopes. However, some non-geographic names such as companies, monuments or sport events, may also provide indirect relevant evidence that can significantly contribute to the assignment of geographic scopes to documents. In this paper, we analyze the amount of implicit and explicit geographic evidence in newspaper documents, and measure its impact on geographic information retrieval by evaluating the performance of a retrieval system using the GeoCLEF evaluation data.
Automatic software fault localization using generic program invariants (2008)

Despite extensive testing in the development phase, residual defects can be a great threat to dependability in the operational phase. This paper studies the utility of low-cost, generic invariants ("screeners") in their capacity of error detectors within a spectrum-based fault localization (SFL) approach aimed to diagnose program defects in the operational phase. The screeners considered are simple bit-mask and range invariants that screen every load/store and function argument/return program point. Their generic nature allows them to be automatically instrumented without any programmer-effort, while training is straightforward given the test cases available in the development phase. Experiments based on the Siemens program set demonstrate diagnostic performance that is similar to the traditional, development-time application of SFL based on the program pass/fail information known before-hand. This diagnostic performance is currently attained at an average 14% screener execution time overhead, but this overhead can be reduced at limited performance penalty.