gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sub-pixel position resolution in pixelated semiconductor detectors (2007)

Experimental data collected from an 18×18×11 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> 3-dimensional mercuric iodide detector demonstrate methods of measuring sub-pixel gamma-interaction position within a single anode pixel volume. Present work focuses on algorithms that make use of charge induced on non-collecting adjacent pixels. These estimations of sub-pixel position in the x and y directions are based on ratios of opposing neighbor pixel signals. Digital signal processing, including digital filter functions and filter variables optimized to measure the shape of transient signals, allow accurate measurements of information needed to estimate sub-pixel position. An edge collimator is used to block different areas of a collecting pixel to demonstrate the proposed methods.
EHF monolithic phased arrays-a stepping-stone to the future (2003)

Current EHF monolithic phased-array technology is assessed; near-term technology needs are evaluated; and future developments in this field are projected. It is noted that such arrays are thought to be able to satisfy cost, real-estate, aerodynamic and radar-cross-section constraints. Test results on multielement monolithic subarrays operating at 20 and 44 GHz are examined. Finally, the connection between current state-of-the-art subarray technology and Smart Skins, the projected omnipotent phased array of the future, is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Deformation potentials of CdSe quantum dots (2004)

The size-dependent deformation potentials of CdSe quantum dots are studied by first-principle and semiempirical pseudopotential calculations. We find that the amplitude of the quantum dot deformation potential is only slightly larger than the bulk value, and this increase is mostly caused by the off-Γ point deformation potentials in the bulk, which are larger in amplitude than the Γ point deformation potential.
How well do we understand the clusters found in microarray data? (2002)

We wished to quantify the state-of-the-art of our understanding of clusters in microarray data. To do this we systematically compared the clusters produced on sets of microarray data using a representative set of clustering algorithms (hierarchical, k-means, and a modified version of QT_CLUST) with the annotation schemes MIPS, GeneOntology and GenProtEC. We assumed that if a cluster reflected known biology its members would share related ontological annotations. This assumption is the basis of "guilt-by-association" and is commonly used to assign the putative function of proteins. To statistically measure the relationship between cluster and annotation we developed a new predictive discriminatory measure. We found that the clusters found in microarray data do not in general agree with functional annotation classes. Although many statistically significant relationships can be found, the majority of clusters are not related to known biology (as described in annotation ontologies). This implies that use of guilt-by-association is not supported by annotation ontologies. Depending on the estimate of the amount of noise in the data, our results suggest that bioinformatics has only codified a small proportion of the biological knowledge required to understand microarray data.
Reduced bikunin gene expression as a factor of poor prognosis in ovarian carcinoma (2003)

Abstract BACKGROUND In previous studies, the authors showed that various types of cultured tumor cells treated with exogenous bikunin protein or ovarian carcinoma cells transfected with bikunin cDNA have low invasiveness and diminished metastatic potential. This study was carried out to clarify the relation between the expression of individual bikunin mRNA and tumor progression. METHODS Forty‐one newly diagnosed ovarian carcinomas were investigated using a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The authors found that 24 patients had tumors that overexpressed bikunin and that gene expression was reduced in the tumors of the remaining 17 individuals. Bikunin mRNA expression was independent of age, surgical stage, tumor size, degree of differentiation, histologic subtype, and serum CA 125 levels. There was a significant correlation between low expression of bikunin mRNA and lymph node status ( P = 0.035) or peritoneal status ( P = 0.042). Multivariate analysis indicated that bikunin was an independent prognostic marker ( P = 0.013; hazard ratio, 2.30; 95 % confidence interval, 1.13–4.19), even after controlling for lymph node metastasis and the degree of peritoneal dissemination. In addition, low expression was a significant predictor for poor prognosis compared with high expression (2‐year survival rate; 75.0 % vs. 47.1 %, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that low bikunin mRNA expression by ovarian cacinoma cells may be associated with poor prognosis. It is conceivable that testing for bikunin mRNA may identify patients with ovarian carcinoma who are at high risk for early disease recurrence and a poor prognosis. Cancer 2003;98:424–30. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11506
Bioresponsive polymers for nonviral gene delivery. (2009)

Gene therapy is attracting increasing attention because of its potential for therapeutic interventions in cancer and other diseases. Nonviral gene vectors have been used for more than three decades, and the development of novel carriers with decreased cytotoxicity, improved delivery and enhanced transfection efficiency has remained an important aim. By structural alterations such as conformational changes or chemical bond cleavage, bioresponsive polycations can improve the transfection properties of polyplexes--formed by cationic polymers to deliver nucleic acids into cells--at various steps of delivery. These polycations can respond to subtle differences between the extracellular and intracellular environments. Along with noncovalently formed polyplexes, the development of covalent polymer-oligonucleotide conjugates with bioresponsive linkers is promising as nucleic acid therapeutics.
Cancer-specific PERK signaling drives invasion and metastasis through CREB3L1 (2017)

PERK signaling is required for cancer invasion and there is interest in targeting this pathway for therapy. Unfortunately, chemical inhibitors of PERK's kinase activity cause on-target side effects that have precluded their further development. One strategy for resolving this difficulty would be to target downstream components of the pathway that specifically mediate PERK's pro-invasive and metastatic functions. Here we identify the transcription factor CREB3L1 as an essential mediator of PERK's pro-metastatic functions in breast cancer. CREB3L1 acts downstream of PERK, specifically in the mesenchymal subtype of triple-negative tumors, and its inhibition by genetic or pharmacological methods suppresses cancer cell invasion and metastasis. In patients with this tumor subtype, CREB3L1 expression is predictive of distant metastasis. These findings establish CREB3L1 as a key downstream mediator of PERK-driven metastasis and a druggable target for breast cancer therapy.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection and occurrence of celiac disease in subjects <scp>HLA</scp>‐<scp>DQ</scp>2/<scp>DQ</scp>8 positive: A prospective study (2018)

Our study did not reveal any significant relationship between H. pylori and CD risk, even taking into account other confounders. More importantly, our findings do not support a "protective" role of H. pylori infection against CD, as previously reported. Therefore, there are no reasons to avoid eradication of H. pylori also in subject genetically susceptible for CD.
Gravisensitivity of the acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum demonstrated on the fast-rotating clinostat. (1986)

The acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum was used to investigate a postulated general gravisensitivity of cells. Physarum was subjected i) to a rotation on the fast-rotating clinostat, which enables the simulation of weightlessness (0 g), and ii) to single horizontal turns of 180 degrees. On the fast-rotating clinostat the response consists of a frequency increase in radial contractile activity, an oscillation of the mean values (frequency regulation phenomena) and an increase in standard deviation. A combination of 0 g and respiration impediment inhibits the response to 0 g, i. e., the frequency increase in radial contractile activity during weightlessness simulation. Turning the specimens horizontally about 180 degrees in a normally positioned light microscope also leads to a frequency increase in radial contractile activity, but the temporal pattern of the frequency increase differs in comparison to the experiments performed on the clinostat during weightlessness simulation. These results demonstrate the occurrence of gravisensitivity in Physarum polvcephalum. Regulation phenomena and the possible role of mitochondria in graviperception are discussed.
Real world design in the corporate environment (1996)

Article Real world design in the corporate environment: designing an interface for the technically challenged Share on Authors: Susan Hopper Merrill Lynch, User Interface Design, 400 College Road East, Princeton, NJ Merrill Lynch, User Interface Design, 400 College Road East, Princeton, NJView Profile , Harold Hambrose Electronic Ink, 401 S. Second Street, Suite 304, Philadelphia, PA Electronic Ink, 401 S. Second Street, Suite 304, Philadelphia, PAView Profile , Paul Kanevsky Merrill Lynch, Strategic Market Systems, 400 College Road East, Princeton, NJ Merrill Lynch, Strategic Market Systems, 400 College Road East, Princeton, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims CHI '96: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsApril 1996 Pages 489–495https://doi.org/10.1145/238386.238616Online:13 April 1996Publication History 7citation488DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads488Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Theory of the Josephson effect in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>-wave superconductors (1996)

A general formula for the Josephson current in a $d$-wave/insulator/$d$-wave-superconductor junction is presented by taking account of the zero-energy states formed around the interfaces. For a fixed phase difference between the two superconductors, the current component becomes either positive or negative depending on the injection angle of the quasiparticle. Anomalous temperature dependences are predicted in the maximum Josephson current and in the free-energy minima.
Surface probing of synthetic faujasites by adsorption of carbon dioxide. Part 2.—Infra-red study of carbon dioxide adsorbed on × zeolites exchanged with mono- and bi-valent ions (1973)

Adsorption of carbon dioxide in X-type zeolites exchanged with alkali and alkaline earth metal cations reveals bands in the infra-red spectra due to CO2 in a “bent” configuration. The spectra are interpreted in terms of carboxylate and carbonate species. Lattice oxygens of the type O1 seem to be involved. The small number of these species fails to correlate with any structural site. When the amount Ca2+ ions in the samples is high enough to occupy sites in both the small and the supercages, new structural species are formed.
T2 quantitation of articular cartilage at 1.5 T (2003)

Abstract Purpose To evaluate sources of error when using a multiecho sequence for quantitative T2 mapping of articular cartilage at 1.5 T. Materials and Methods Phantom measurements were used to assess the contribution of stimulated echoes to inaccuracy of T2 measurements in cartilage using a multiecho sequence. Five volunteer studies compared in vivo single‐echo spin echo results to multiecho, single‐slice and multiecho, multislice acquisitions for assessment of both the stimulated echo and magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) contributions to T2 measurement inaccuracy. Results Phantom experiments demonstrated that substantial inaccuracy (10%–13% longer T2 values) is introduced from stimulated echoes with a multiecho sequence with slice‐selective refocusing pulses. The in vivo volunteer studies also demonstrated increases in measured T2 by up to 48% with a multiecho sequence. Use of the multiecho sequence in the multislice mode resulted in T2 values closer to the single‐echo standards for the volunteer studies. However, this apparent increased accuracy should be regarded as circumstantial, as it only occurs because the error due to MTC has the opposite sign compared to the error due to the stimulated echo contribution. Conclusion Use of a multiecho, multislice sequence for cartilage T2 measurements should be undertaken with the caution that substantial inaccuracy is introduced from stimulated echoes and MTC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:358–364. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and Performance of Slug Damper (2008)

This study investigates theoretically and experimentally the slug damper as a novel flow conditioning device, which can be used upstream of compact separation systems. In the experimental part, a 3 in. ID slug damper facility has been installed in an existing 2 in. diameter two-phase flow loop. This flow loop includes an upstream slug generator, a gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC©, ©The University of Tulsa, 1994) attached to the slug damper downstream and a set of conductance probes for measuring the propagation of the dissipated slug along the damper. Over 200 experimental runs were conducted with artificially generated inlet slugs of 50 ft length (Ls/d=300) that were dumped into the loop upstream of the slug damper, varying the superficial liquid velocity between 0.5 ft/s and 2.5 ft/s and superficial gas velocity between 10 ft/s and 40 ft/s (in the 2 in. inlet pipe) and utilizing segmented orifice opening heights of 1 in., 1.5 in., 2 in., and 3 in. For each experimental run, the measured data included propagation of the liquid slug front in the damper, differential pressure across the segmented orifice, GLCC liquid level, GLCC outlet liquid flow, and static pressure in the GLCC. The data show that the slug damper/GLCC system is capable of dissipating long slugs, narrowing the range of liquid flow rate from the downstream GLCC. Also, the damper capacity to process large slugs is a strong function of the superficial gas velocity (and mixture velocity). The theoretical part includes the development of a mechanistic model for the prediction of the hydrodynamic flow behavior in the slug damper. The model enables the predictions of the outlet liquid flow rate and the available damping time, and in turn the prediction of the slug damper capacity. Comparison between the model predictions and the acquired data reveals an accuracy of ±30% with respect to the available damping time and outlet liquid flow rate. The developed model can be used for design of slug damper units.
A 5 GS/s 150 mW 10 b SHA-Less Pipelined/SAR Hybrid ADC for Direct-Sampling Systems in 28 nm CMOS (2015)

This paper presents a 28 nm CMOS 10 b SHA-less pipelined/SAR hybrid ADC, designed to enable a direct-sampling receiver system. To achieve low power at 5 GS/s, the ADC combines pipelined and SAR quantizers, powered at 1.8 V and 1 V, respectively. A 2.5 b 2-way time-interleaved 2.5 GS/s multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) is followed by an 8 b 8-way time-interleaved 625 MHz successive-approximation register (SAR). This architecture combines the benefits of both ADC topologies and allows significant power and complexity reduction. The high-speed 2.5 b MDAC front-end simplifies the complexity of time-interleaving (TI) and provides gain for attenuating the 8 b SAR non-idealities, when referred to the ADC input, relaxing its specifications and design. To further reduce power, the 2.5 b MDAC front-end is SHA-less, and an over-range calibration loop that allows operation at multi-GHz input is introduced. A calibration technique is also proposed to align the MDAC and SAR references, whose misalignment would otherwise produce integral non-linearity (INL) degradation. The ADC achieves <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}$</tex> </formula> 61.8 dB THD, 57.1 dB SNR for a 500 MHz input, while for a 2.35 GHz input it achieves <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}$</tex></formula> 54.7 dB THD, 46.8 dB SNR (55.8 dB SNR excluding the integrated PLL contribution). The time-interleaving spur is <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${<}{-}$</tex></formula> 70 dBc. The ADC consumes 150 mW and occupies less than 0.5 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{2}$</tex></formula> .
Preferential solvation in (amide + alcohol) binary mixtures. (2003)

The preferential solvation of N-methylpyrrolidinone by ethanol was investigated by two complementary methods. First, the thermodynamic measurements of excess Gibbs energies and excess volumes of mixing are reported for {N-methylpyrrolidinone + ethanol} binary mixture at T = 313.15 K. The Kirkwood–Buff theory of solutions was used to interpret the thermodynamic data, and the results are compared with those for other amides: N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethyl-acetamide and 2-pyrrolidinone. It was found that the presence of amide hydrogen (in the N–H group) nearly does not influence the local mole fractions. Similarly, even large hydrocarbon part in pyrrolidinones only slightly changes the local mole fractions. Second, the molecular dynamics calculations for the {N-methylpyrrolidinone + ethanol} binary mixture were performed, using various sets of parameters. The results obtained were compared with the thermodynamic data for this system, and with deductions derived from the experimental data using the Kirkwood–Buff theory of solutions. From calculated radial distribution functions, the solvation shell radius was estimated, and values of the local mole fractions were evaluated. A simple procedure for calculating the Kirkwood–Buff integrals from molecular dynamics results was proposed and examined. Moreover, the formation of hydrogen-bonded complexes was investigated; the lifetime of the N-methylpyrrolidinone–ethanol complexes created was estimated. We suppose that ethanol forms a dynamic cage around the amide molecule, and the mean lifetime of this cage was estimated. The general picture obtained from these calculations is consistent with the thermodynamic results and complements the “thermodynamic” point of view on the solvation of amides by ethanol molecules.
Arthroplasty via intermediate phalangectomy. Partial or complete. (1986)

The intermediate phalangectomy is discussed as an alternative to resection of the head of the proximal phalanx when surgically addressing the hammered digit syndrome. Its use in several other clinical settings is presented along with its contraindications and potential complications.
Defining Network Capacity (2008)

Measuring capacity is a task that sounds simple, but in reality can be quite complex. In addition, the lack of a unified nomenclature on this subject makes it increasingly difficult to properly build, test, and use techniques and tools built around these constructs. This document provides definitions for the terms 'Capacity' and 'Available Capacity' related to IP traffic traveling between a source and destination in an IP network. By doing so, we hope to provide a common framework for the discussion and analysis of a diverse set of current and future estimation techniques.
A novel method for MTF measurement of digital radiographic systems (2011)

The exact determination of the modulation transfer function (MTF) of X-ray digital imaging system is a persistent problem. We present a practical method for measuring the MTF curve of X-ray linear flat panel detector. The method is based on the noise transfer theory of cascaded linear system. The scale factor between noise power spectrum (NPS) and MTF should be obtained firstly. Accurate NPS estimation of system noise (quantum noise and additive noise) by background trends removal and MTF values measurement by standard bar pattern method were required in this method.
A Novel Palladium-Mediated Coupling Approach to 2,3-Disubstituted Benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophenes and Its Application to the Synthesis of Tubulin Binding Agents (2001)

[structure: see text]. Flexible, convergent access to 2,3-disubstituted benzo[b]thiophenes has been developed. The most concise approach involves sequential coupling of o-bromoiodobenzenes with benzylmercaptan and zinc acetylides to give benzyl o-ethynylphenyl sulfides which react with iodine to give 3-iodobenzo[b]thiophenes in a 5-endo-dig iodocyclization. These iodides can be further elaborated using palladium-mediated coupling and/or metalation techniques. This method has been applied to the synthesis of some novel tubulin binding agents.
All-MgB2 tunnel junctions with aluminum nitride barriers (2005)

All-MgB2 tunnel junctions were fabricated on a C-plane sapphire substrate. The current-voltage characteristics showed both quasiparticle and Josephson tunneling currents and a clear gap structure. The current density was 115A∕cm2 for a 20×20μm2 junction with a 0.14-nm-thick AlN layer, and the ratio of the subgap resistance and normal resistance was 3.3. The gap voltages of lower and upper MgB2 electrodes were estimated to be 2.2 and 1.5mV, respectively. The temperature dependence of the Josephson current indicated that a normal layer existed between the AlN and the MgB2 electrodes. The Josephson tunneling currents were clearly modulated by applying an external magnetic field.
Energy beams as working tools (1964)

Intense beams of light or particles have been increasingly used in the forming and joining of refractory materials and components. Energy beam techniques reduce disturbance of the metallurgical properties to a minimum
A survey on the demand for home care nursing of the patients who were discharged from one hospital (2006)

This study was done in order to investigate home care nursing need of patients who were discharged from one hospital. Data were collected from 155 patients in J hospital in J city from Jan 19, 2006 to Feb 10, 2006.The results of this study as follows;1. 61.3% of subjects replied that they would like to use home care nursing service if hospital provides. Comfort was answered as the first reason to use the service.2. The area which showed the highest need was ’teaching and training', followed by 'patient assessment and basic nursing', 'counseling and referring'.3. The service which showed the highest need was 'vital sign check’, followed by 'observation and assessment of health status', 'diet teaching', and 'counseling about patient' status'.4. There was no significant difference in need of home care nursing between groups by age. gender, income, disease, and so on.