gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteoarthritis and the Complement Cascade (2018)

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that complement activation is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the intimate complement regulation and cross talk with other signaling pathways in joint-associated tissues remain incompletely understood. Recent insights are summarized and discussed here, to put together a more comprehensive picture of complement involvement in OA pathogenesis. Complement is regulated by several catabolic and inflammatory mediators playing a key role in OA. It seems to be involved in many processes observed during OA development and progression, such as extracellular cartilage matrix (ECM) degradation, chondrocyte and synoviocyte inflammatory responses, cell lysis, synovitis, disbalanced bone remodeling, osteophyte formation, and stem cell recruitment, as well as cartilage angiogenesis. In reverse, complement can be activated by various ECM components and their cleavage products, which are released during OA-associated cartilage degradation. There are, however, some other cartilage ECM components that can inhibit complement, underlining the diverse effects of ECM on the complement activation. It is hypothesized that complement might also be directly activated by mechanical stress, thereby contributing to OA. The question arises whether keeping the complement activation in balance could represent a future therapeutic strategy in OA treatment and in the prevention of its progression.
A due-window assignment problem with position-dependent processing times (2007)

We extend a classical single-machine due-window assignment problem to the case of position-dependent processing times. In addition to the standard job scheduling decisions, one has to assign a time interval (due-window), such that jobs completed within this interval are assumed to be on time and not penalized. The cost components are: total earliness, total tardiness and due-window location and size. We introduce an O(n3) solution algorithm, where n is the number of jobs. We also investigate several special cases, and examine numerically the sensitivity of the solution (schedule and due-window) to the different cost parameters.
Modulo SDC scheduling with recurrence minimization in high-level synthesis (2014)

Loop pipelining is a high-level synthesis scheduling technique that overlaps loop iterations to achieve higher performance. However, industrial designs often have resource constraints and other constraints imposed by cross-iteration dependencies. The interaction between multiple constraints can pose a challenge for HLS modulo scheduling algorithms, which, if not handled properly can lead to a loop pipeline schedule that fails to achieve the minimum possible initiation interval. We propose a novel modulo scheduler based on an SDC formulation that includes a backtracking mechanism to properly handle multiple scheduling constraints and still achieve the minimum possible initiation interval. The SDC formulation has the advantage of being a mathematical framework that supports flexible constraints that are useful for more complex loop pipelines. Furthermore, we describe how to specifically apply associative expression transformations during modulo scheduling to restructure recurrences in complex loops to enable better scheduling. We compared our techniques to existing prior work in modulo scheduling in HLS and also compared against a state-of-art commercial tool. Over a suite of benchmarks, we show that our scheduler and proposed optimizations can result in a geomean wall-clock time reduction of 32% versus prior work and 29% versus a commercial tool.
Optical coherence tomography of the living human kidney (2013)

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) induced by ischemia is the most common insult to donor kidneys destined for transplantation. ATN results from swelling and subsequent damage to cells lining the kidney tubules. In this study, we demonstrate the capability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to image the renal microstructures of living human donor kidneys and potentially provide a measure to determine the extent of ATN. We also found that Doppler-based OCT (i.e., DOCT) reveals renal blood flow dynamics that is another major factor which could relate to post-transplant renal function. All OCT/DOCT observations were performed in a noninvasive, sterile and timely manner on intact human kidneys both prior to (ex vivo) and following (in vivo) their transplantation. Our results indicate that this imaging model provides transplant surgeons with an objective visualization of the transplant kidneys prior and immediately post transplantation.
Molecular structure and the temperature-dependent radiative rates in Twisted Intramolecular Charge-Transfer and exciplex systems (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular structure and the temperature-dependent radiative rates in Twisted Intramolecular Charge-Transfer and exciplex systemsMark Van der Auweraer, Zbigniew R. Grabowski, and Wolfgang RettigCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 5, 2083–2092Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100158a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100158a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views774Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Di-, tri-, and tetrametallic double-stranded helical complexes derived from alkylthio-substituted septipyridines: synthesis, structure, and redox properties (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDi-, tri-, and tetrametallic double-stranded helical complexes derived from alkylthio-substituted septipyridines: synthesis, structure, and redox propertiesKevin T. Potts, Majid Keshavarz-K, Fook S. Tham, Kimberly A. Gheysen Raiford, Claudia Arana, and Hector D. AbrunaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 24, 5477–5484Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00076a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00076a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Peptide anchor residue glycosylation: effect on class I major histocompatibility complex binding and cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition (1995)

This study extends our previous observation that glycopeptides bind to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and elicit carbohydrate-specific CTL responses. The Sendai virus nucleoprotein wild-type (WT) peptide (FAPGNYPAL) binds H-2Db using the P5-Asn as an anchor. The peptide K2 carrying a P5 serine substitution did not bind Db. Surprisingly, glycosylation of the serine (K2-O-GlcNAc) with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a novel cytosolic O-linked glycosylation, partially restored peptide binding to Db. We argue that the N-acetyl group of GlcNAc may fulfil the hydrogen bonding requirements of the Db pocket which normally accomodates P5-Asn. Glycosylation of the P5-Asn residue itself abrogated binding similar to K2, probably for steric reasons. The peptide K2-O-GlcNAc readily elicited Db-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), which did not cross-react with K2 or WT. However, all Db-restricted CTL raised against K2-O-GlcNAc cross-reacted strongly with another glycopeptide, K3-O-GlcNAc, where the GlcNAc substitution is on a neighboring P4-Ser. Furthermore, Db-restricted CTL clones raised against K2-O-GlcNAc or K3-O-GlcNAc displayed a striking TCR conservation. Our interpretation is that the carbohydrate of K2-O-GlcNAc not only mediates binding to Db, but also interacts with the TCR in such a way as to mimic K3-O-GlcNAc. This unusual example of molecular mimicry extends the known effects of peptide glycosylation from what we and others have previously reported: glycosylation may create a T cell neo-epitope, or, conversely, abrogate recognition. Alternatively, glycosylation may block peptide binding to MHC class I and finally, as reported here, restore binding, presumably through direct interaction of the carbohydrate with the MHC molecule.
Laser Doppler velocimeter with a novel optical fiber probe (1981)

A practical laser Doppler velocimeter with optical fibers in the whole system was developed. The novel optical probe designed for this LDV is constructed of a graded-index rod lens attached to the end of an optical fiber. Since the laser beam from the probe is well collimated, the velocity accuracy and sensitivity are significantly improved. Mechanical vibration measurements were also carried out with this LDV; vibration amplitude down to 1.0 microm p-p can be measured at a frequency of 120 Hz with high accuracy.
Effect of Elevated Growth Hormone Concentrations on the Phenotype and Functions of Human Lymphocytes and Natural Killer Cells (1994)

Over the past decades, strong evidence has accumulated that growth hormone (GH) has immunostimulatory properties. Therefore, an investigation was conducted on 10 acromegalic patients and 9 age- and sex-matched healthy controls to determine whether plasma GH concentrations correlate with changes in several immune parameters, including serum concentrations of immunoglobulins, lymphocyte subsets, lymphocyte transformation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), natural killer (NK) cell activity as well as phagocytic and metabolic burst activity. While NK cell activity, serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) and metabolic burst activity were within the normal range in both groups, a significantly enhanced phagocytic activity was observed in the acromegalic patients. Surface markers on T lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8), B lymphocytes (CD19) and NK cells (CD16/56) were normal in both groups; however, in the acromegalic subjects, CD4+ and CD8+ cells showed a significant higher expression of transferrin receptors (CD71), indicating enhanced T-cell activity. The lymphocyte transformation response to PHA at the highest concentration tested showed a tendency to be elevated in acromegalics; however, the difference failed to be significant. Long-lasting and pronounced elevation of GH in acromegaly induces significantly enhanced phagocytic activity, but only negligible changes in most patients in lymphocyte phenotype and in the lymphocyte response to PHA.
Auxin Herbicide Action (2007)

Over decades, the so-called growth regulator or auxin herbicides had resisted all efforts to elucidate their molecular interactions and the biochemical and physiological basis of their phytotoxicity.1-3 The identification and crystal structure analysis of receptors for auxin perception4-8 and the discovery of a new hormone interaction in signalling between auxin, ethylene and the up-regulation of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis,9 leading to ABA accumulation,3 are long steps towards understanding of auxin herbicide action in dicot plants.
Generalization of Lambert's reflectance model (1994)

Lambert's model for body reflection is widely used in computer graphics. It is used extensively by rendering techniques such as radiosity and ray tracing. For several real-world objects, however, Lambert's model can prove to be a very inaccurate approximation to the body reflectance. While the brightness of a Lambertian surface is independent of viewing direction, that of a rough surface increases as the viewing direction approaches the light source direction. In this paper, a comprehensive model is developed that predicts body reflectance from rough surfaces. The surface is modeled as a collection of Lambertian facets. It is shown that such a surface is inherently non-Lambertian due to the foreshortening of the surface facets. Further, the model accounts for complex geometric and radiometric phenomena such as masking, shadowing, and interreflections between facets. Several experiments have been conducted on samples of rough diffuse surfaces, such as, plaster, sand, clay, and cloth. All these surface demonstrate significant deviation from Lambertian behavior. The reflectance measurements obtained are in strong agreement with the reflectance predicted by the model.
Evaluation of adiabatic reformer in mixed-gas-cycle. Final technical report (1983)

The work under this program investigated two different approaches to fuels processing for military fuel cell power plants. One process was evaluated relative to the requirements for a tactical family of power plants, specifically, the ability to operate on high sulfur logistic fuels content, potential for multi-fuel operation, and freedom from the need for water supply or water recovery. The second process, also for operation on sulfur-containing logistic fuel, had as its key evaluation criteria high efficiency and reliability. This process was to be used in power plants located at fixed sites where fuel and maintenance support transportation costs represent a significant portion of the power plant's life-cycle-cost. Other factors that weighed heavily in the selection were development status and a development cost. The process for tactical power plant applications, adiabatic reforming in a mixed gas-cycle, was shown to be a basis for meeting the requirements of this application. Thermodynamic analyses established an operating regime and performance goals for the reformer as used in this process. Tests of a two-pound per-hour reactor (2-kW equivalent) showed that operation in this regime was satisfactory. Operation on sulfur-containing diesel fuel, methanol, and contaminated methanol were demonstrated. The test program included analysis of themore » product gas composition, determination of the effect of impurities in the fuel cell exhaust on reactor performance, and the effect of total pressure on reactor performance.« less
Applied homogeneous catalysis with organometallic compounds : a comprehensive handbook (2000)

Volume One Applications: carbon monoxide and synthesis gas chemistry hydrogenation reactions of unsaturated compounds oxidations reactions with hydrogen cyanide hydrosilylation and related reactions of silicon reaction with nitrogen compounds - hydroamination reactions of hydrocarbons and other saturated compounds asymmetric syntheses. Volume Two Developments: development of methods special catalysts and processes special products homogeneous catalysts - quo vadis?
Super-heterodyne laser interferometer using femtosecond frequency comb for linear encoder calibration system (2007)

A super-heterodyne laser interferometer for sub-nanometer length measurement system is proposed. This interferometer has a possibility to realize high resolution by using the self-zooming method and high accuracy by using external cavity diode laser which is stabilized to femtosecond frequency comb(fs-comb) as an optical source. This length measurement system is going to be applied for linear-encoder calibration system for national standards.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Phenols to Benzoic Acid Esters. (1988)

Abstract The methoxycarbonylation of the phenols (I), yielding the methyl benzoates (III), is achieved by treatment of the corresponding triflates (II) with carbon monoxide (V) and methanol (VI) in the presence of a Pd catalyst.
Differences between germline and somatic mutation rates in humans and mice (2017)

The germline mutation rate has been extensively studied and has been found to vary greatly between species, but much less is known about the somatic mutation rate in multicellular organisms, which remains very difficult to determine. Here, we present data on somatic mutation rates in mice and humans, obtained by sequencing single cells and clones derived from primary fibroblasts, which allows us to make the first direct comparison with germline mutation rates in these two species. The results indicate that the somatic mutation rate is almost two orders of magnitude higher than the germline mutation rate and that both mutation rates are significantly higher in mice than in humans. Our findings demonstrate both the privileged status of germline genome integrity and species-specific differences in genome maintenance.
Correlation between spontaneous metastatic potential, platelet-aggregating activity of cell surface extracts, and cell surface sialylation in 10 metastatic-variant derivatives of a rat renal sarcoma cell line. (1980)

Several properties of 10 cell lines derived from the polyoma-induced PW20 Wistar-Furth rat renal sarcoma have been examined, including the ability of the tumor cells to metastasize spontaneously from subcutaneous sites in syngeneic hosts, the platelet-aggregating activity of material extracted by urea from the surface of cultured cells, the sialic acid content of the platelet-aggregating material, and the degree of sialylation of cell surface glycoconjugates in cultured cells. A correlation has been observed among all of these parameters. The results suggest a possible link between the degree of cell surface sialylation of tumor cells, their ability to aggregate platelets, and their ability to metastasize.
Local density of states(LDOS) of model clusters for surface electronic states: Ag (111). (1989)

Theoretical calculations using the DV-Xα-MO method have been performed for various clurters (3-10 atoms) to investigate the electronic structure of Ag (111) surface. The total density of states (TDOS) curves for the clusters are not in agreement with the experimental ARPE spectra because of the large contribution of edge atoms. To minimize the edge effects we have calculated the local DOS (LDOS) for a surface central atom surrounded by all of their nearest-neighbour atoms and have found that the LDOS curves are in good agreement with experimental spectra. Moreover it was found that the LDOS curve composed of the orbitals with total symmetry is in very good agreement with normal emission APRE spectra, indicating that the LOOS method is compatible with the symmetry selection rules.
Synthesis of distillation systems with energy integration (1974)

Abstract A formal method is described for the synthesis of multicomponent distillation systems when energy integration is considered between streams both within the separation sequence and in other parts of the process. The pressure in each column is considered as an optimization variable for both the energy integration and column sizing computations. Four rules are used to enumerate all feasible energy matches between the streams associated with the distillation columns. A bounding strategy which uses both upper and lower bounds is combined with dynamic programming to synthesize the optimal distillation sequence with energy integration. A five‐component separation problem demonstrates the effectiveness of the methods.
Cryogenic, whole wafer imaging of semi-insulating GaAs (1992)

The authors have developed a whole wafer, cryogenic imaging system for making rapid absorption and photoluminescence maps of semiconductor wafers up to 100 mm in diameter. The cryostat requires no cryogens and can maintain a temperature of 15 K indefinitely. Its design facilitates the rapid (15 min) exchange of samples. Furthermore, the transmitted or emitted light from the sample is imaged onto a cooled Si CCD array rather than by using raster scanning. The net result is a system ideally suited for the routine characterisation of numerous wafers. This system has been used to map the EL2 concentration and donor-acceptor pair band photoluminescence intensity for a number of semi-insulating GaAs wafers.
On time-series analysis and signal classification. I. Fractal dimensions (2005)

Time series analysis is becoming an increasingly reliable tool for the study of complicated dynamics in measurements across many fields of science and engineering. This paper explores the applications of nonlinear time series analysis for digital communication signal classification. In particular, the fractal dimension was investigated as a tool for signal classification. Primarily, the fractal dimension was calculated for a set of white Gaussian noise as well as for a pure sinusoid. The effect of added DC component as well as the noise variance on the fractal dimension was also investigated. Moreover, the fractal dimension of a set of simulated signals is calculated and investigated for possible use as tool for modulation classification. Furthermore, a time-domain feed-forward neural network was trained and tested for digital signal classification. The success rate of the neural network was used as benchmark for assessment. The method is applied to several examples of synthetic signals, of digital modulations such as ASK, FSK, BPSK, QPSK, and 16PSK.