gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coatings (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoatingsT. G. Rochow and R. W. StaffordCite this: Anal. Chem. 1951, 23, 2, 212–216Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60050a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60050a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mass spectrometric studies. XI. Skeletal rearrangements in acylhydrazines (1972)

The mass spectra of mono- and di-alkyl- N,N' -dibenzoylhydrazines contain rearrangement ions arising from initial migration of a benzoyl or alkyl group from one nitrogen atom to the other. The spectra also contain ions resulting from N-N fissions accompanied by transfer of one or two hydrogen atoms. The spectra of the mono- and di-phenyl compounds are simpler, but that of the monophenyl compound contains an ion in the formation of which two hydrogen atoms have been transferred to the neutral product from a phenyl ring.
The high resolution 3‐D seismic survey system “Kite” (1993)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993The high resolution 3‐D seismic survey system "Kite"Authors: Andrew RogersTokuo YamamotoHowoong ShonWeiqun ShiAndrew RogersUniversity of Miami Geoacoustic Laboratory, Tokuo YamamotoUniversity of Miami Geoacoustic Laboratory, Howoong ShonPai‐Chai University, Korea, and Weiqun ShiUniversity of Miami Geoacoustic Laboratoryhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822541 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822541FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1993 Pages: 1396 publication data© 1993 Copyright © 1993 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Andrew Rogers, Tokuo Yamamoto, Howoong Shon, and Weiqun Shi, (1993), "The high resolution 3‐D seismic survey system "Kite"," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 531-535. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822541 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Optimizing Xen VMM Based on Intel&#x0AE; Virtualization Technology (2008)

To achieve full virtualization support on Xen, Intel extended the Xen project to support unmodified guest OSs using Intel virtualization technology. In this paper, we describe the performance tuning work in the process of enabling full virtualization on Xen. Firstly, we briefly summarize our extensions on performance tuning tools. Then, through data analysis collected by the performance tuning toolkits, we observe that system performance bottlenecks are mainly introduced by memory and I/O virtualization overheads. Finally, we describe our optimizations and possible proposals to address these bottlenecks for resolving performance bugs in Xen/VT architecture. In that process, more specifically, we improved the virtual platform performance by 10% for compute-intensive benchmarks, by moving virtual PIC to hypervisor. In the meantime, we enhanced virtual IDE disk DMA operation performance through concurrent processing and increased virtual network interface card performance more than ten times by reconstruction using an event-driven mechanism. In addition, to achieve higher quality in system X, we also optimized a virtual video graphic card, and several times we got performance gain through our shared virtual video memory approach.
Accessibility of dynamic web applications with emphasis on visually impaired users (2014)

As the internet is fast migrating from static web pages to dynamic web pages, the users with visual impairment find it confusing and challenging when accessing the contents on the web. There is evidence that dynamic web applications pose accessibility challenges for the visually impaired users. This study shows that a difference can be made through the basic understanding of the technical requirement of users with visual impairment and addresses a number of issues pertinent to the accessibility needs for such users. We propose that only by designing a framework that is structurally flexible, by removing unnecessary extras and thereby making every bit useful (fit‐for‐purpose), will visually impaired users be given an increased capacity to intuitively access e‐contents. This theory is implemented in a dynamic website for the visually impaired designed in this study. Designers should be aware of how the screen reading software works to enable them make reasonable adjustments or provide alternative content that still corresponds to the objective content to increase the possibility of offering faultless service to such users. The result of our research reveals that materials can be added to a content repository or re‐used from existing ones by identifying the content types and then transforming them into a flexible and accessible one that fits the requirements of the visually impaired through our method (no‐frill + agile methodology) rather than computing in advance or designing according to a given specification.
A far upstream ovalbumin enhancer binds nuclear factor-1-like factor. (1988)

Band-shifting and DNase I footprinting analyses detected a specific DNA binding protein extracted from oviduct nuclei that binds to the ovalbumin gene 5' sequence between -1094 and -1125. This "-1100" fragment, when inserted upstream of the SV40 or ovalbumin promoters fused to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, enhances chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity 5-10-fold following transfection into CV1 cells. The sequence to which the oviduct factor binds contains a nuclear factor-1 (NF-1) half-site (GCCAA). An oligonucleotide matching the sequence of the adenovirus NF-1 binding site competed for binding to the -1100 footprinted region with a higher affinity than an oligonucleotide for the -1100 region itself. Similarly, the -1100 region oligonucleotide also competes for binding of the factor to the NF-1 oligonucleotide. These data suggest that the oviduct factor which binds to the -1100 region is an NF-1-like protein that serves as a steroid hormone-independent enhancer of the ovalbumin gene transcription.
Viability and preliminary <i>in vivo</i> characterization of site directed mutants of <i>Escherichia coli</i> single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein (1993)

Site-directed mutations involving selected amino acids of Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) were tested for their in vivo functionality when introduced into a chromosomal ssb deletion strain on a plasmid. All mutants complemented the ssb deletion for viability when present on a pSC101 derivative. The generation time with ssbW54S doubled in comparison to the ssb+ control, and both the ssbW54S- and ssbH55K-containing strains exhibited temperature sensitivity. ssbH55K, ssbW54S, ssbW88T, and ssbH55Y (ssb-1) strains displayed reduced survival to ultraviolet irradiation, while ssbW40T and ssbF60L strains were comparable to the ssb+ control strain. This study represents the first investigation of the in vivo properties of ssb mutations constructed for in vitro analysis of DNA binding by SSB.
Carriage of Neisseria Meningitidis in a Semi-Isolated Arctic Community (1978)

The carriage of Neisseria meningitidis was examined in the Norwegian population of Svalbard (1150 persons) after a fatal case of meningococcal septicaemia. The overall carrier rate was 39.0%. The rate was highest among males (47.8%), with a maximum of 63.4% in the age group 15-24 years. The carrier rate was low among children aged 3 to 15 years (6.5%). Children below 3 years were frequent meningococcal carriers, however (37.5%). Sulphonamide-resistant strains were often found, 22.6% of the total material being resistant. Group B was the most frequent serogroup, and accounted for 44.5% of the isolated strains. Non-groupable strains were second in frequency (23.8%), followed by group Y (15.8%). Only a few strains belonged to the serogroups A, C, X and Z. N. lactamica was isolated from 26.9% of children below 15 years, but seldom in older age groups.
The Two‐Stage Moving‐Bed/Activated‐Sludge Process: An Effective Solution for High‐Strength Wastes (1999)

ABSTRACT The paper describes a moving‐bed bioreactor which was used as the first stage of a two‐stage process to provide an effective and simple means of reducing the biochemical oxygen demand of a wastewater prior to further treatment in a conventional second‐stage activated‐sludge plant. At Corby, a scheme was required to (a) meet the requirements of a more stringent effluent consent and (b) provide capacity for further anticipated growth in industrial effluent loads. The original works comprised conventional primary sedimentation tanks, biological filters and humus tanks, followed by an activated‐sludge oxidation ditch and further settlement tanks. A pilot plant has been in operation at Corby for two years, and the results were used to design a moving‐bed bioreactor to replace the existing filters. At Pyewipe, a new coastal treatment plant was required and, following the change in status from a ‘high natural dispersion area &, a ‘normal’ programme was initiated to achieve the required completion date. A value‐management workshop was held which identified the two‐stage moving‐bed bioreactor/activated‐sludge process, and a pilot plant was operated for eighteen months. A full‐scale plant is now under construction and incorporates a number of innovative features.
Investigation of jewelry powders radiating far-infrared rays and the biological effects on human skin. (2002)

Far-infrared rays have certain kinds of effects on the human body, especially on skin, blood circulation, and skin cell vitalizing. Some jewelry powders radiate far-infrared rays. Jade has powerful far-infrared ray radiation, and tourmaline has pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties and radiated far-infrared rays. The jewelry powders (fine powdered jade and tourmaline powders) were screened by far-infrared rays for radiation properties and tested for the effects of far-infrared rays on the human skin by temperature observation using an infrared thermal analyzer.
Long-Term Dietary Restriction in Older-Aged Rhesus Monkeys: Effects on Insulin Resistance (1995)

Long-term dietary restriction to maintain constant body weight in adult rhesus monkeys prevents the development of impaired glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia, and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We sought to determine whether these positive antidiabetogenic effects of reduced calorie intake with maintenance of normal lean body weight might be mediated through prevention of the development of insulin resistance. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was assessed by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in seven older-aged rhesus monkeys (20.7 +/- 0.6 years) who had been dietary restricted for 9 +/- 2 years. Results were compared to seven ad libitum-fed nondiabetic monkeys of similar age (21.0 +/- 1.3 years). Results showed that the dietary restricted monkeys had significantly higher in vivo insulin action compared to the ad libitum-fed group (14.06 +/- 2.4 vs 7.75 +/- 0.9 mg/kg FFM/min, respectively; p < .03). We conclude that long-term dietary restriction is an effective means of mitigating the development of significant insulin resistance in older-aged rhesus monkeys, and may be the mechanism underlying the prevention of Type II diabetes in this model.
C. Coordination compounds - The effect of ring size and conformation on the rotatory strength of tris-(bidentate) complexes (1967)

Abstract In the following we shall be concerned with a part of the optically active behaviour of the chromophore. With N being the nitrogen atom of ammonia this chromophore is, of course, optically inactive. Its absorption spectrum consists of two bands in the visible which e. g. for M = Co(III) are attributed to transitions from a ground state, 1A1g, to excited states, 1T1g, and 1T2g. ϵ amounts to between 50 and 100 corresponding to oscillator strengths of ca. 10-3 formal electron in spite of the fact that the tran­sitions are electronically forbidden. This intensity is, I believe, not too well under­stood in detail but is generally ascribed to the simultaneous excitation of suitable molecular vibration (Moffitt 1956). The transition at lower energy (1A1g → 1T1g is magnetically allowed, whereas the 1A1g → 1T2g transition at higher energy is magnetically forbidden (Moffitt 1956). The typical appearance of the absorption spectrum is shown in figure 1. (Similar selection rules apply to Cr(III) and Rh(III).) If the nitrogen atoms are connected in pairs as in a tris-(diamine) chelate the symmetry elements of the second order disappear and the chromophore becomes optically active. The upper level of each of the transitions mentioned splits under the trigonal field into a doubly degenerate E and a non-degenerate A level, but the splitting is quite small, and I think it is only fair to say that in general we know neither its magnitude nor its sign, although the beautiful crystal circular dichroism measurements by Professor Mason and his co-workers (Ballard, McCaffery & Mason 1962; McCaffery & Mason 1963) seem to show that for the tris-(ethylene-diamine) cobalt (III) ion the sign of the splitting is as indicated in figure 1. In ac­cordance with the smallness of the splitting its spectral effects are quite small, and the selection rules remain almost intact as shown by the fact that the intensity of the absorption increases by less than 100% when ammonia is replaced by a chelating diamine.
Special Section Guest Editorial: Computational Approaches to Imaging LADAR (2015)

This is the guest editorial for the Optical Engineering Special Section on Computational Approaches to Imaging LADAR.
Design and Motion Modeling of an Electromagnetic Hydraulic Power Hump Harvester (2014)

This paper emphasises the idea that the kinetic energy getting wasted while vehicles move can be utilized to generate power by using a special arrangement called “hydraulic power hump.” Hydraulic technology is used to convert linear transient motion into rotational. Dynamic model for the new design has been derived and analyzed based on Lagrange differential equation. Governing differential equations are solved by numerical “Duhamel integral.” Theoretical simulations are carried out to study the features and estimation power. Guidelines are given for the design of this type of power speed humps.
The AMSC mobile satellite system (1988)

The American Mobile Satellite Consortium (AMSC) Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) system is described. AMSC will use three multi-beam satellites to provide L-band MSS coverage to the United States, Canada and Mexico. The AMSC MSS system will have several noteworthy features, including a priority assignment processor that will ensure preemptive access to emergency services, a flexible SCPC channel scheme that will support a wide diversity of services, enlarged system capacity through frequency and orbit reuse, and high effective satellite transmitted power. Each AMSC satellite will make use of 14 MHz (bi-directional) of L-band spectrum. The Ku-band will be used for feeder links.
Automated detection of the carotid artery wall in B-mode ultrasound images using active contours initialized by the Hough transform (2008)

Automatic segmentation of the arterial lumen from ultrasound images is an important and often challenging task in clinical diagnosis. We previously used the Hough Transform (HT) to automatically extract circles from sequences of B-mode ultrasound images of transverse sections of the carotid artery. In this paper, an active-contour-based methodology is suggested, initialized by the HT circle, in an attempt to extend previous findings and to accurately detect the arterial wall boundary. The methodology is based on the generation of a gradient vector flow field, an approach attempting to overcome conventional active contours constraints. Contour estimation is then achieved by deforming the initial curve (circle) based on the gradient vector flow field. In ten normal subjects, the specificity and accuracy of the segmentation were on average higher than 0.98, whereas the sensitivity was higher than 0.82. The methodology was also applied to four subjects with atherosclerosis, in which sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were comparable to those of normal subjects. In conclusion, the HT-initialized active contours methodology provides a reliable tool to detect the carotid artery wall in ultrasound images and can be used in clinical practice.
Preparation of Oligodiazo Compounds by Using the Suzuki Coupling Reaction and Characterization of Their Photoproducts (2004)

[9-[10-(4-tert-Butyl-2,6-dimethyl)phenyl]anthryl](4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)diazomethane was found to be stable enough to survive under Suzuki coupling conditions and underwent mono-, di-, and trisubstitution with benzene mono-, di-, and triboronic acids to afford benzene derivatives having one, two, and three diazo units, respectively. The products from irradiation of those diazo compounds were characterized by ESR and SQUID measurements, which revealed that triplet, quintet, and septet ground states were formed from mono-, bis-, and tris(diazo) compounds, respectively. The stability of those high-spin species was estimated by temperature-dependent ESR and UV/vis measurements as well as laser flash photolysis, which indicated that all three species are stable up to 160 K and have a half-life of a few seconds in solution at room temperature. The finding unequivocally shows that a precursor diazo unit can basically be handled as a building block to construct ploydiazo compounds and that persistent triplet carbenes, even though they greatly lose typical reactivity as a triplet carbene, still retain electronic properties and act as a spin source when aligned properly in the pi-electron frameworks to generate a high-spin molecule with remarkable thermal stability.
Should HER2 status be routinely measured for all breast cancer patients? (1999)

Several recent publications have re-opened the question of whether HER2 status should be determined for all patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. The barrier in the past to the use of HER2 has been the nonstandardization of HER2 status determination, which is the major caveat to its use today. Two test kits have been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for HER2 testing, one for determining HER2 amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and the other for measuring HER2 overexpression by immunohistochemistry. Neither of these tests, nor any of the other myriad tests used for HER2 determinations, has been validated in all the potential arenas for the use of HER2: refinement of estimates of prognosis of untreated low-risk patients, selection among treatment options for adjuvant therapy, and selection of patients for treatment with trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, San Francisco, CA). The nonstandardization of testing has led to conflicting results and controversy as to the value of HER2 in evaluating breast cancer patient prognosis and the selection among therapeutic options. Thus, testing for HER2 is not yet routine for patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer, although it is of value for patients who develop metastatic disease and who need to know if they are candidates for trastuzumab.
Error analysis of marker‐based object localization using a single‐plane XRII (2008)

The role of imaging and image guidance is increasing in surgery and therapy, including treatment planning and follow-up. Fluoroscopy is used for two-dimensional (2D) guidance or localization; however, many procedures would benefit from three-dimensional (3D) guidance or localization. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) using a C-arm mounted x-ray image intensifier (XRII) can provide high-quality 3D images; however, patient dose and the required acquisition time restrict the number of 3D images that can be obtained. C-arm based 3D CT is therefore limited in applications for x-ray based image guidance or dynamic evaluations. 2D-3D model-based registration, using a single-plane 2D digital radiographic system, does allow for rapid 3D localization. It is our goal to investigate-over a clinically practical range-the impact of x-ray exposure on the resulting range of 3D localization precision. In this paper it is assumed that the tracked instrument incorporates a rigidly attached 3D object with a known configuration of markers. A 2D image is obtained by a digital fluoroscopic x-ray system and corrected for XRII distortions (+/- 0.035 mm) and mechanical C-arm shift (+/- 0.080 mm). A least-square projection-Procrustes analysis is then used to calculate the 3D position using the measured 2D marker locations. The effect of x-ray exposure on the precision of 2D marker localization and on 3D object localization was investigated using numerical simulations and x-ray experiments. The results show a nearly linear relationship between 2D marker localization precision and the 3D localization precision. However, a significant amplification of error, nonuniformly distributed among the three major axes, occurs, and that is demonstrated. To obtain a 3D localization error of less than +/- 1.0 mm for an object with 20 mm marker spacing, the 2D localization precision must be better than +/- 0.07 mm. This requirement was met for all investigated nominal x-ray exposures at 28 cm FOV, and for all but the lowest two at 40 cm FOV. However, even for those two nominal exposures, the expected 3D localization error is less than +/- 1.2 mm. The tracking precision was +/- 0.65 mm for the out-of-plane translations, +/- 0.05 mm for in-plane translations, and +/- 0.05 degrees for the rotations. The root mean square (RMS) difference between the true and projection-Procrustes calculated location was 1.07 mm. It is believed these results show the potential of this technique for dynamic evaluations or real-time image guidance using a single x-ray source and XRII detector.
History of Biological Effects and Medical Applications of Microwave Energy (1984)

Though this Special Issue is devoted to the history of microwaves, an appreciation of the history of the interaction of microwaves with biological systems would not be complete without also covering the role that lower frequencies have played in research directed toward the improvement of human health. Licht and Susskind provide an excellent history of the medical applications and biological effects of electromagnetic energy at submicrowave frequencies.
Picometre displacement tracking of an optical beamin a siliconSchottky barrier sensor (1994)

An Ni-Si-Ni Schottky barrier sensor is used to sense 0.032 nm (0.064 nm peak-to-peak, 0.023 nm RMS) displacement of an optical beam incident on the sensor. This spatial resolution is more than two orders of magnitude better than any previously reported with a simple solid-state device and approaches interferometric levels.