gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfacial reactions of cobalt thin films on BF+2 ion-implanted (001) silicon (1988)

Interfacial reactions of cobalt thin films on BF+2 -implanted (001)Si have been studied by both cross-sectional and plan-view transmission electron microscopy as well as by sheet resistance measurements. The implantation-amorphous samples were found to favor the formation of CoSi2 at 400 °C and laterally uniform growth of the phase at higher temperatures. Two discrete layers of fluorine bubbles were observed in cobalt silicides in all BF+2 -implanted samples annealed at 400–800 °C. In 800–900 °C annealed samples, large bubbles were often observed to distribute near the CoSi2 grain boundaries. The results indicated that (1) fluorine atoms diffuse rapidly at a temperature as low as 400 °C, and (2) appreciable amounts of fluorine atoms are present with low solubility in cobalt silicides after annealing at 400–900 °C. The residual interstitial defects in BF+2 -implanted samples were completely annihilated by CoSi2 formation at 800–900 °C. The elimination of all interstitial defects in these samples is attributed to the injection of a high density of vacancies which were generated during silicide formation. The electrical resistivity of CoSi on blank silicon was measured to be about 350 μΩ cm. The presently measured electrical resistivity value is believed to be one of the most accurate values obtained for CoSi to date. Factors influencing the formation of cobalt silicides and defect structure are discussed.
A Digitally Calibrated R-2R Ladder Architecture for High Performance Digital-to-Analog Converters (2006)

The paper presents a model for R-2R ladder-based digital-to-analog converters, developed in terms of resistors' tolerance. The widely used R-2R ladders are easy to be realized as an integrated circuit, while their performance is basically limited due to the resistors' mismatch. However, it is possible to achieve higher linearity, in terms of integral and differential non-linearity errors, if calibration is employed. In this paper, the conventional R-2R ladder architecture is briefly discussed, and then a new digitally calibrated architecture is presented with its calibration algorithm, based on the resistors' tolerance formulation. It has been proven by simulations that the performance of an R-2R-based digital-to-analog converter can be optimized regardless of the resistors' tolerance and the required resolution
Production of 20-HETE and Its Role in Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow (2000)

In the brain, pressure-induced myogenic constriction of cerebral arteriolar muscle contributes to autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). This study examined the role of 20-HETE in autoregulation of CBF in anesthetized rats. The expression of P-450 4A protein and mRNA was localized in isolated cerebral arteriolar muscle of rat by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. The results of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction studies revealed that rat cerebral microvessels express cytochrome P-450 4A1, 4A2, 4A3, and 4A8 isoforms, some of which catalyze the formation of 20-HETE from arachidonic acid. Cerebral arterial microsomes incubated with [(14)C]arachidonic acid produced 20-HETE. An elevation in transmural pressure from 20 to 140 mm Hg increased 20-HETE concentration by 6-fold in cerebral arteries as measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In vivo, inhibition of vascular 20-HETE formation with N-methylsulfonyl-12, 12-dibromododec-11-enamide (DDMS), or its vasoconstrictor actions using 15-HETE or 20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoic acid (20-HEDE), attenuated autoregulation of CBF to elevations of arterial pressure. In vitro application of DDMS, 15-HETE, or 20-HEDE eliminated pressure-induced constriction of rat middle cerebral arteries, and 20-HEDE and 15-HETE blocked the vasoconstriction action of 20-HETE. Taken together, these data suggest an important role for 20-HETE in the autoregulation of CBF.
Effect of maternal immunotherapy on immediate skin test reactivity, specific rye I IgG and IgE antibody, and total IgE of the children. (1991)

The effect of specific immunotherapy during pregnancy was studied in 14 children, 3 to 12 years after delivery. Fourteen additional children from the same allergic mothers, in whom immunotherapy was not given during the pregnancy, served as controls. The immediate skin test response to grass allergens of the children of mothers given immunotherapy. Levels of rye I IgG and total IgE were lower in the sera of children born to mothers who received immunotherapy (not statistically significant) than their control cohorts. Paired cord blood and maternal blood samples drawn at delivery showed similar levels of rye I IgG, indicating that blocking antibody freely crosses the placenta. This evidence indicates that immunotherapy during pregnancy may have an inhibitory effect on immediate skin reactivity to grass allergens in some of the offspring. Whether tolerance to other allergens can be induced in children by maternal immunotherapy remains to be determined.
Mechanism for allosteric inhibition of an ATP-sensitive ribozyme (1998)

We report the structural basis for the modulation of an ATP-sensitive ribozyme that was engineered by modular rational design. This allosteric ribozyme is composed of two independently functioning domains, one a receptor for ATP and the other a self-cleaving ribozyme. When fused in the appropriate fashion, the conjoined aptamer-ribozyme construct functions as an allosteric ribozyme that is inhibited in the presence of ATP. The aptamer domain remains conformationally heterogeneous in the absence of ATP, but folds into a distinct structure upon ligand binding. This ATP-induced conformational change causes a reduction in catalytic activity of the adjacent ribozyme domain due to steric interference between the aptamer and ribozyme tertiary structures. This mechanism for structural and functional modulation of nucleic acids is one of several possible mechanisms by which the function of ribozymes could be specifically controlled by small effector molecules.
Control and automation of power system substation using IEC61850 communication (2005)

Automation of control and management of a power system substation is becoming more and more popular. Overcoming the initial hiccups in its acceptance due to higher costs and apprehensions on reliability, more utilities and industries are keen in exploring this option now. In the scenario of high pressure to improve the efficiency and productivity of the power system substation, substation automation is proving to be a cost-effective solution. With the modern protection relays becoming more powerful, being integrated with more functions, they have the potential to play a key role in implementing control & automation in substations. Finalization of the new communication protocol, IEC61850, for intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), automation and control has become possible, which, when implemented can ensure a reliable and efficient power system. This paper discusses the scope of the new communication protocol for substation IEDs, IEC61850 and explains the implementation of few control and automation applications presented in the standard
NG2 Proteoglycan Enhances Brain Tumor Progression by Promoting Beta-1 Integrin Activation in both Cis and Trans Orientations (2017)

By physically interacting with beta-1 integrins, the NG2 proteoglycan enhances activation of the integrin heterodimers. In glioma cells, co-localization of NG2 and 31 integrin in individual cells (cis interaction) can be demonstrated by immunolabeling, and the NG2-integrin interaction can be confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. NG2-dependent integrin activation is detected via use of conformationally sensitive monoclonal antibodies that reveal the activated state of the beta-1 subunit in NG2-positive versus NG2-negative cells. NG2-dependent activation of beta-1 integrins triggers downstream activation of FAK and PI3K/Akt signaling, resulting in increased glioma cell proliferation, motility, and survival. Similar NG2-dependent cis activation of beta-1 integrins occurs in microvascular pericytes, leading to enhanced proliferation and motility of these vascular cells. Surprisingly, pericyte NG2 is also able to promote beta-1 integrin activation in closely apposed endothelial cells (trans interaction). Enhanced beta-1 signaling in endothelial cells promotes endothelial maturation by inducing the formation of endothelial junctions, resulting in increased barrier function of the endothelium and increased basal lamina assembly. NG2-dependent beta-1 integrin signaling is therefore important for tumor progression by virtue of its affects not only on the tumor cells themselves, but also on the maturation and function of tumor blood vessels.
Role of DNA polymerase beta in the genotoxicity of arsenic (2011)

Arsenic, an important hazard in the environment, is associated with human cancer and other degenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying arsenic hazardous effects remain unclear. It has been reported arsenic exposure can result in increased cellular reactive oxygen species and oxidative DNA damage. This suggests DNA base excision repair (BER), the major pathway for repairing oxidative DNA damage, may be involved in combating arsenic hazardous effects. As a critical repair enzyme in BER, DNA polymerase beta (Pol β) might play an essential role in reducing arsenic toxicity. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated arsenic-induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects under Pol β deficiency. Our results demonstrated that the viability of Pol β-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts was much lower than that of Pol β wild-type cells after treatment with arsenite (As(3+) ). An increased level of DNA damage and significantly delayed arsenite-induced DNA damage repair in Pol β-deficient cells indicated reduced repair of DNA lesions under Pol β deficiency. This was consistent with the increase in the frequency of micronuclei (MN), an indicator of chromosomal breakage, which was also observed in Pol β-deficient cells treated with arsenite. In contrast, cells harboring overexpressed Pol β resulted in a lower level of DNA damage and MN than Pol β wild-type cells, indicating overexpression of the enzyme can combat arsenic-induced genotoxic effects. In conclusion, our results indicate an important role for Pol β in repairing arsenite-induced DNA damage and maintaining chromosomal integrity and further suggest deficiency of BER may be involved in arsenic genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
Absorption of sulfur dioxide in lime and limestone slurry: pressure drop effect on turbulent contact absorber performance (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsorption of sulfur dioxide in lime and limestone slurry: pressure drop effect on turbulent contact absorber performanceChin-Yung Wen and Chung-Shih ChangCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1978, 12, 6, 703–707Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/es60142a008Request reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (482 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigation of the pH‐dependent complex formation between β‐cyclodextrin and dipeptide enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and calorimetry (2010)

The effect of pH on complex formation between beta-CD and the enantiomers of the dipeptides Ala-Phe, Ala-Tyr and Asp-PheOMe was investigated at 298.15 K by CE and calorimetry. Beta-CD displayed a higher enantioselectivity toward the protonated peptides compared to their zwitterionic forms. While stronger binding of the DD-enantiomers than the LL-stereoisomers were found by calorimetry regardless of the ionization state of the peptides, essentially equal complexation constants of the enantiomers were determined by CE for the zwitterionic species of the peptides. The reversal of the enantiomer migration order observed in CE was attributed primarily to a stereoselective complexation-induced pK(a) shift. In calorimetry, complexation of the protonated DD-enantiomers by beta-CD was accompanied by higher enthalpy and entropy changes resulting in more stable complexes compared to the LL-peptides. The enthalpy and entropy of complexation was affected by pH and peptide structure.
Characterization of the Rat Oncostatin M Receptor Complex Which Resembles the Human, but Differs from the Murine Cytokine Receptor (2012)

Evaluation of a pathophysiological role of the interleukin-6-type cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) for human diseases has been complicated by the fact that mouse models of diseases targeting either OSM or the OSM receptor (OSMR) complex cannot fully reflect the human situation. This is due to earlier findings that human OSM utilizes two receptor complexes, glycoprotein 130 (gp130)/leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) (type I) and gp130/OSMR (type II), both with wide expression profiles. Murine OSM on the other hand only binds to the gp130/OSMR (type II) receptor complex with high affinity. Here, we characterize the receptor usage for rat OSM. Using different experimental approaches (knock-down of the OSMR expression by RNA interference, blocking of the LIFR by LIF-05, an antagonistic LIF variant and stably transfected Ba/F3 cells) we can clearly show that rat OSM surprisingly utilizes both, the type I and type II receptor complex, therefore mimicking the human situation. Furthermore, it displays cross-species activities and stimulates cells of human as well as murine origin. Its signaling capacities closely mimic those of human OSM in cell types of different origin in the way that strong activation of the Jak/STAT, the MAP kinase as well as the PI3K/Akt pathways can be observed. Therefore, rat disease models would allow evaluation of the relevance of OSM for human biology.
Fast monitoring of epileptic seizures using recurrence time statistics of electroencephalography (2013)

Epilepsy is a relatively common brain disorder which may be very debilitating. Currently, determination of epileptic seizures often involves tedious, time-consuming visual inspection of electroencephalography (EEG) data by medical experts. To better monitor seizures and make medications more effective, we propose a recurrence time based approach to characterize brain electrical activity. Recurrence times have a number of distinguished properties that make it very effective for forewarning epileptic seizures as well as studying propagation of seizures: (1) recurrence times amount to periods of periodic signals, (2) recurrence times are closely related to information dimension, Lyapunov exponent, and Kolmogorov entropy of chaotic signals, (3) recurrence times embody Shannon and Renyi entropies of random fields, and (4) recurrence times can readily detect bifurcation-like transitions in dynamical systems. In particular, property (4) dictates that unlike many other non-linear methods, recurrence time method does not require the EEG data be chaotic and/or stationary. Moreover, the method only contains a few parameters that are largely signal-independent, and hence, is very easy to use. The method is also very fast-it is fast enough to on-line process multi-channel EEG data with a typical PC. Therefore, it has the potential to be an excellent candidate for real-time monitoring of epileptic seizures in a clinical setting.
Performance characteristics of mechanical foam‐breakers fitted to a stirred‐tank reactor (2002)

Abstract In a stirred‐tank reactor (STR), a comparison of the performance of mechanical foam‐breakers: a six‐blade turbine (F‐B), a six‐blade vaned disk (V‐D), a two‐blade paddle (T‐P), a conical rotor (C‐R), a fluid‐impact dispersion apparatus (FIDA) and a rotating disk mechanical foam‐breaker (MFRD) was carried out using defined foaming media. The foam‐breaking ranges (relative to the gas superficial velocity, U g ) of the T‐P, C‐R and FIDA were inferior to that of the F‐B, V‐D and MFRD. The power consumption, P kc , for foam‐breaking in the MFRD was the lowest among the F‐B, V‐D and MFRD. Operation of the F‐B and V‐D in the STR caused a considerable amount of liquid droplets from the collapsed foam to be entrained with the exhaust air. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermal decomposition of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides to ethylenethiourea in aqueous media (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal decomposition of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides to ethylenethiourea in aqueous mediaWilliam D. MarshallCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1977, 25, 2, 357–361Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60210a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60210a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Implementation of the USB interface in the instrumentation for sound and vibration measurements and analysis (2004)

The USB (universal serial bus) interface is now commonly used in computer hardware. It assures asynchronous serial data transmission with the speed which is much bigger than that in RS 232 interface. The essay of an USB implementation in the unit intended for sound and vibration measurements and analysis is presented. The aim of the USB interface implementation was to assure fast data transmission between the unit and a PC. The USBN9602 chip of National Semiconductors was used as an interface controller. The software was developed in the measurement unit and in a PC for testing the application. The different modes of data transmission were tested. The achieved results of the tests performed in different operating systems are presented. The conclusions concerning required modification of the implementation in order to achieve faster transmission are drawn.
Mitochondrial function as a therapeutic target in heart failure (2016)

Heart failure is a pressing worldwide public-health problem with millions of patients having worsening heart failure. Despite all the available therapies, the condition carries a very poor prognosis. Existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, but do not fully address molecular abnormalities that occur in cardiomyocytes. This shortcoming is particularly important given that most patients with heart failure have viable dysfunctional myocardium, in which an improvement or normalization of function might be possible. Although the pathophysiology of heart failure is complex, mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be an important target for therapy to improve cardiac function directly. Mitochondrial abnormalities include impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, increased formation of reactive oxygen species, shifted metabolic substrate utilization, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, and altered ion homeostasis. In this Consensus Statement, insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure are presented, along with an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to improve the function of the failing heart by targeting mitochondria.
An intelligent traveling companion for visually impaired pedestrian (2014)

A navigation system that will guide the blind and the visually impaired pedestrian with ease. The system will adapt to the user's behavior and will also provide the user with shortest path from the source to the user's chosen destination in the building. RFID technology is used to track the user's current location. The user carries his own PDA with the application installed in it and a RFID reader with him. RFID tags are deployed in the building. On detection of the RFID tag by the RFID reader as the reader comes in vicinity of the tag, the reader sends the tag information to the PDA using Bluetooth Technology. The PDA based user device provides the user navigation instructions in an audio form and the user can also select the preferences provides by giving input in form of speech. The system will be a blend of Optimal Routing and Users Preference. The PDA consist of the ACO algorithm that will help in the optimization of A* algorithm which will work as the prediction algorithm.
BioDome regenerative sleeve for biochemical and biophysical stimulation of tissue regeneration (2010)

Previous research on vertebrate limb regeneration indicates there are several mediating factors involved during the re-growth process. These factors are both biochemical and biophysical. While the phenomenon of adult limb regeneration does not occur naturally in mammalian species, prior research has focused mainly on biochemical modes of stimulating tissue growth and regeneration. The BioDome was aimed at developing a new experimental tool to permit the more systematic study of the impact of biophysical and biochemical factors on mammalian tissue regeneration. The BioDome is a multi-component sleeve assembly that encompasses the wound site of an amputated murine digit and provides an environment conducive to tissue regeneration. The studies showed that the BioDome was effective in supporting early stages of murine digit tip regeneration when combined with a porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) pepsin digest and electrical stimulation. The hydrated inner environment of the BioDome influenced regeneration, with additional effects seen with the application of electrical stimulation and pharmacological treatments.
Transcervical endometrial cryoablation (ECA) for menorrhagia (1994)

ECA is technically very easy, can be learned quickly, is free of complications and led to improvement of menstrual symptoms in 63% of patients followed up for 3-18 months. The device is virtually maintenance-free and requires only a small initial investment, while running costs are negligible.