gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lens axicons: systems composed of a diverging aberrated lens and a converging aberrated lens (1999)

This paper is a continuation of our previous publication on the stationary-phase-method analysis of lens axicons [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A152383 (1998)]. Systems with spherical aberration up to the fifth order are studied. Such lens axicons in their simplest versions can be made either as a setup composed of two separated third-order spherical-aberration lenses of opposite powers or as a doublet consisting of one third-order diverging element and one fifth-order converging element. The axial intensity distribution and the central core width turn out to be improved and become almost constant. The results obtained are compared with the numerical evaluation of the corresponding diffraction integral.
Universal Nanopatternable Interfacial Bonding (2011)

A nanopatternable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oligomer layer is demonstrated as an interfacial adhesive for its intrinsic transferability and universal adhesiveness. Utilizing the well-established surface modification and bonding techniques of PDMS surfaces, irreversible bonding is formed (up to 400 kPa) between a wide range of substrate pairs, representing ones within and across different materials categories, including metals, ceramics, thermoset, and thermoplastic polymers.
Thermomagnetic study of coal and associated roof shale (1976)

Thermomagnetic studies of Pennsylvanian coals and associated roof shales indicate that hematite and minor goethite are present as ferrimagnetic phases, in addition to the paramagnetic mineral pyrite. Laboratory studies show that the carrier of the stable natural magnetic remanence (NRM) is mainly single domain hematite. X-ray diffraction studies of the samples has directly identified illite, kaolinite and minor amounts of chlorite as the natural suite of clay minerals typical in coal and overclay. Mössbauer spectroscopy identifies hematite and geothite as ferrimagnetic phases within the clay structures. Thermomagnetic studies at higher temperatures show that paramagnetic pyrite is converted to ferrimagnetic hematite through a strongly ferromagnetic phase maghemite. This transition occurs within the 400-500°C temperature interval and results in a significant increase in the ferrimagnetic polarization and paramagnetic susceptibility of the samples.
OWL: a Reliable Online Watcher for LTE Control Channel Measurements (2016)

Reliable network measurements are a fundamental component of networking research as they enable network analysis, system debugging, performance evaluation and optimization. In particular, decoding the LTE control channel would give access to the full base station traffic at a 1 ms granularity, thus allowing for traffic profiling and accurate measurements. Although a few open-source implementations of LTE are available, they do not provide tools to reliably decoding the LTE control channel and, thus, accessing the scheduling information. In this paper, we present OWL, an Online Watcher for LTE that is able to decode all the resource blocks in more than 99% of the system frames, significantly outperforming existing non-commercial prior decoders. Compared to previous attempts, OWL grounds the decoding procedure on information obtained from the LTE random access mechanism. This makes it possible to run our software on inexpensive hardware coupled with almost any software defined radio capable of sampling the LTE signal with sufficient accuracy.
Influence of grain sizes on the mobility of organic thin-film transistors (2005)

A mobility model for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) has been considered that fully accounts for the effect of grains and grain boundaries of the organic layer. The model has been applied to a top contact pentacene OTFT. Comparison between simulation results and experimental data shows a strong dependence of mobility as a function of grain size. The field-effect-extracted mobility is not linearly related to the grain size, but presents a rather abrupt reduction for a grain size smaller than 2μm.
Comparative genomics of the restriction-modification systems in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2001)

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen with a small genome of 1.64-1.67 Mb. More than 20 putative DNA restriction-modification (R-M) systems, comprising more than 4% of the total genome, have been identified in the two completely sequenced H. pylori strains, 26695 and J99, based on sequence similarities. In this study, we have investigated the biochemical activities of 14 Type II R-M systems in H. pylori 26695. Less than 30% of the Type II R-M systems in 26695 are fully functional, similar to the results obtained from strain J99. Although nearly 90% of the R-M genes are shared by the two H. pylori strains, different sets of these R-M genes are functionally active in each strain. Interestingly, all strain-specific R-M genes are active, whereas most shared genes are inactive. This agrees with the notion that strain-specific genes have been acquired more recently through horizontal transfer from other bacteria and selected for function. Thus, they are less likely to be impaired by random mutations. Our results also show that H. pylori has extremely diversified R-M systems in different strains, and that the diversity may be maintained by constantly acquiring new R-M systems and by inactivating and deleting the old ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Linear Undecapeptide Precursors of Cyclosporin Analogues. (1988)

Abstract Eleven protected undecapeptide precursors (II) of analogues of cyclosporin are prepared by stepwise elongation of the recently prepared octapeptide (I) using the diphenyl‐phosphinic mixed anhydride method; yields in the region 60‐90% of optically pure peptides are obtained.
Accelerated Postero-Lateral Spinal Fusion by Collagen Scaffolds Modified with Engineered Collagen-Binding Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Rats (2014)

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a potent osteoinductive cytokine that plays a critical role in bone regeneration and repair. However, its distribution and side effects are major barriers to its success as therapeutic treatment. The improvement of therapy using collagen delivery matrices has been reported. To investigate a delivery system on postero-lateral spinal fusion, both engineered human BMP-2 with a collagen binding domain (CBD-BMP-2) and collagen scaffolds were developed and their combination was implanted into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to study Lumbar 4-5 (L4-L5) posterolateral spine fusion. We divided SD rats into three groups, the sham group (G1, n = 20), the collagen scaffold-treated group (G2, n = 20) and the BMP-2-loaded collagen scaffolds group (G3, n = 20). 16 weeks after surgery, the spines of the rats were evaluated by X-radiographs, high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), manual palpation and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The results showed that spine L4-L5 fusions occurred in G2(40%) and G3(100%) group, while results from the sham group were inconsistent. Moreover, G3 had better results than G2, including higher fusion efficiency (X score, G2 = 2.4±0.163, G3 = 3.0±0, p<0.05), higher bone mineral density (BMD, G2: 0.3337±0.0025g/cm3, G3: 0.4353±0.0234g/cm3. p<0.05) and more bone trabecular formation. The results demonstrated that with site-specific collagen binding domain, a dose of BMP-2 as low as 0.02mg CBD-BMP-2/cm3 collagen scaffold could enhance the posterolateral intertransverse process fusion in rats. It suggested that combination delivery could be an alternative in spine fusion with dramatically decreased side effects caused by high dose of BMP-2.
[Cloning, sequencing and high expression in Escherichia coli of D-hydantoinase gene from Burkholderia pickettii]. (2002)

A strain, MMR003, used for D-p-HPG production in industry was classified as Burkholderia pickettii by morphological observation and biochemical characterization. The gene encoding the D-hydantoinase enzyme was cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the 5.0 kb insert of subclone pXZ-total was determined. One open reading frame of 1374 bp was found and predicted to encode a polypeptide consisting of 458 amino acids in size of 50 kD. The amino acid sequence alignment of D-hydantoinase from Burkholderia pickettii shows the 85% homologous with the corresponding enzyme from Agrobacterium radiobacter NRRL B11291. The D-hydantoinase gene (dha) harboured in the plasmid pXZPH2 in E. coli BL21(DE3) was highly expressed by IPTG induction. The D-hydantoinase activity for D, L-p-hydroxyphenylhydantion is 0.66 u/mL broth, which is 2-fold increase compared to the parent strain Burkholderia pickettii.
Data Association for Multi-Object Tracking via Deep Neural Networks (2019)

With recent advances in object detection, the tracking-by-detection method has become mainstream for multi-object tracking in computer vision. The tracking-by-detection scheme necessarily has to resolve a problem of data association between existing tracks and newly received detections at each frame. In this paper, we propose a new deep neural network (DNN) architecture that can solve the data association problem with a variable number of both tracks and detections including false positives. The proposed network consists of two parts: encoder and decoder. The encoder is the fully connected network with several layers that take bounding boxes of both detection and track-history as inputs. The outputs of the encoder are sequentially fed into the decoder which is composed of the bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with a projection layer. The final output of the proposed network is an association matrix that reflects matching scores between tracks and detections. To train the network, we generate training samples using the annotation of Stanford Drone Dataset (SDD). The experiment results show that the proposed network achieves considerably high recall and precision rate as the binary classifier for the assignment tasks. We apply our network to track multiple objects on real-world datasets and evaluate the tracking performance. The performance of our tracker outperforms previous works based on DNN and comparable to other state-of-the-art methods.
WhereNext (2009)

The pervasiveness of mobile devices and location based services is leading to an increasing volume of mobility data.This side eect provides the opportunity for innovative methods that analyse the behaviors of movements. In this paper we propose WhereNext, which is a method aimed at predicting with a certain level of accuracy the next location of a moving object. The prediction uses previously extracted movement patterns named Trajectory Patterns, which are a concise representation of behaviors of moving objects as sequences of regions frequently visited with a typical travel time. A decision tree, named T-pattern Tree, is built and evaluated with a formal training and test process. The tree is learned from the Trajectory Patterns that hold a certain area and it may be used as a predictor of the next location of a new trajectory finding the best matching path in the tree. Three dierent best matching methods to classify a new moving object are proposed and their impact on the quality of prediction is studied extensively. Using Trajectory Patterns as predictive rules has the following implications: (I) the learning depends on the movement of all available objects in a certain area instead of on the individual history of an object; (II) the prediction tree intrinsically contains the spatio-temporal properties that have emerged from the data and this allows us to define matching methods that striclty depend on the properties of such movements. In addition, we propose a set of other measures, that evaluate a priori the predictive power of a set of Trajectory Patterns. This measures were tuned on a real life case study. Finally, an exhaustive set of experiments and results on the real dataset are presented.
Double Reflection X-Ray Camera (1958)

An improved double reflection x-ray camera is described in which both the crystal and the film rotate simultaneously. It registers x-ray reflections from crystals in form of a line, and shows the double reflections on this line. Some examples of double reflections taken with this apparatus are shown.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> local resistance to <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> involves salicylic acid and camalexin and requires <i>EDS4</i> and <i>PAD2</i>, but not <i>SID2</i>, <i>EDS5</i> or <i>PAD4</i> (2003)

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important regulator of plant defense responses, and a variety of Arabidopsis mutants impaired in resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens show defects in SA accumulation, perception, or signal transduction. Nevertheless, the role of SA-dependent defense responses against necrotrophic fungi is currently unclear. We determined the susceptibility of a set of previously identified Arabidopsis mutants impaired in defense responses to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. The rate of development of B. cinerea disease symptoms on primary infected leaves was affected by responses mediated by the genes EIN2, JAR1, EDS4, PAD2, and PAD3, but was largely independent of EDS5, SID2/ICS1, and PAD4. Furthermore, plants expressing a nahG transgene or treated with a phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) inhibitor showed enhanced symptoms, suggesting that SA synthesized via PAL, and not via isochorismate synthase (ICS), mediates lesion development. In addition, the degree of lesion development did not correlate with defensin or PR1 expression, although it was partially dependent upon camalexin accumulation. Although npr1 mutant leaves were normally susceptible to B. cinerea infection, a double ein2 npr1 mutant was significantly more susceptible than ein2 plants, and exogenous application of SA decreased B. cinerea lesion size through an NPR1-dependent mechanism that could be mimicked by the cpr1 mutation. These data indicate that local resistance to B. cinerea requires ethylene-, jasmonate-, and SA-mediated signaling, that the SA affecting this resistance does not require ICS1 and is likely synthesized via PAL, and that camalexin limits lesion development.
Trispecies Bridge Crosses, (Capsicum annuum×C. chinense)×C. baccatum, as an Alternative for Introgression of Anthracnose Resistance from C. baccatum into C. annuum (2005)

Since genetic resources resistant to anthracnose are found only in Capsicum baccatum germplasm in Korea, interspecific hybridization is the only way to transfer the resistance into C. annuum varieties. Interspecific incompatibilities, such as embryo abortion and hybrid sterility, were determined as the two genetic barriers in crosses between C. annuum and C. baccatum. Embryo rescue techniques were successfully employed to overcome embryo abortion and interspecific hybrids could be raised from a few otherwise incompatible crosses. However, postfertilization embryo abortion occurring before the globular stage is a limiting factor to produce interspecific hybrids in the cross of C. annuum and C. baccatum. To overcome this genetic barrier, trispecies bridge crosses using C. chinense as the bridge parent were carried out and a number of three-way hybrids were raised from completely incompatible crosses without embryo rescue techniques. In addition, pollen sterility was not complete in these threeway hybrids. Therefore, the three-way F2 generation as a segregating population could be made and introgression of anthracnose resistance of C. baccatum var. PBC80 was confirmed in the population by an artificial inoculation test.
Transport processes in a combustible turbulent boundary layer (1962)

Coexistent processes of heat, mass and momentum transfer operative within a combustible turbulent boundary layer have been experimentally investigated. The boundary layer was established on a porous cylinder mounted in a low-speed wind tunnel with its long axis in the flow direction. Methane was transpired into the boundary layer and ignited. Results indicate that the dimensionless transfer numbers corresponding to the three transfer processes can be correlated by the formula 0.038 Re −0.2 to within ± 30% of measured values so that a rough numerical analogy exists among all three processes. The effect of mass injection on the skin friction coefficient is reasonably well accounted for by available theory. No effect of mass injection was found on the values of heat and mass transfer parameters. Finally, there was a lack of evidence indicating any sort of reaction-generated turbulence or that the experimentally demonstrated disturbance of the viscous layer by mass injection substantially affected the transport phenomena.
Hairpin loop mutations of chicken cystatin have different effects on the inhibition of cathepsin B, cathepsin L and papain (1995)

Five recombinant hairpin loop variants of chicken cystatin (delta V55, delta V55-S56, delta P103-L105, delta I102-Q107, loop2-KD2) were constructed by cassette mutagenesis, expressed in E. coli, purified to homogeneity, characterized by protein-chemical means and by their inhibitory properties. The variant forms, modified in two of the three postulated cysteine proteinase binding regions, were inhibitorily active. However, the equilibrium dissociation constants of the complexes between papain as well as human cathepsin B or L and the cystatin variants show a weaker affinity for all three enzymes compared with recombinant chicken cystatin. These results prove the contribution of both hairpin loops to complex formation with the three enzymes. Furthermore, the kinetic constants indicate discrete differences in the molecular mechanism of interaction between chicken cystatin and papain, cathepsin B, and cathepsin L. Inhibition of cathepsin L was much less affected than inhibition of papain or cathepsin B by the modifications achieved in the five variants. Remarkably, at high enzyme concentration (above 0.5 nM) inhibition of papain by these variants was 'temporary', that means, active papain was released from the enzyme-inhibitor complex within minutes to hours (compare [1]).
Sulfur and Nitrogen Dual‐Doped Mesoporous Graphene Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction with Synergistically Enhanced Performance (2012)

Doping duo: Mesoporous graphene doped with both N and S atoms (N-S-G) was prepared in one step and studied as an electrochemical catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The catalyst shows excellent ORR performance comparable to that of commercial Pt/C. The outstanding activity of N-S-G results from both the large number and the synergistic effect of the dopant heteroatoms.
Profile of Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to Mannose-Specific Plant Lectins (2004)

The mannose-specific plant lectins from the Amaryllidaceae family (e.g., Hippeastrum sp. hybrid and Galanthus nivalis) inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of human lymphocytic cells in the higher nanogram per milliliter range and suppress syncytium formation between persistently HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected cells and uninfected CD4(+) T cells. These lectins inhibit virus entry. When exposed to escalating concentrations of G. nivalis and Hippeastrum sp. hybrid agglutinin, a variety of HIV-1(III(B)) strains were isolated after 20 to 40 subcultivations which showed a decreased sensitivity to the plant lectins. Several amino acid changes in the envelope glycoprotein gp120, but not in gp41, of the mutant virus isolates were observed. The vast majority of the amino acid changes occurred at the N glycosylation sites and at the S or T residues that are part of the N glycosylation motif. The degree of resistance to the plant lectins was invariably correlated with an increasing number of mutated glycosylation sites in gp120. The nature of these mutations was entirely different from that of mutations that are known to appear in HIV-1 gp120 under the pressure of other viral entry inhibitors such as dextran sulfate, bicyclams (i.e., AMD3100), and chicoric acid, which also explains the lack of cross-resistance of plant lectin-resistant viruses to any other HIV inhibitor including T-20 and the blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)-derived mannose-specific cyanovirin. The plant lectins represent a well-defined class of anti-HIV (microbicidal) drugs with a novel HIV drug resistance profile different from those of other existing anti-HIV drugs.
A biochemical perspective of the polymerase chain reaction (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA biochemical perspective of the polymerase chain reactionWill BlochCite this: Biochemistry 1991, 30, 11, 2735–2747Publication Date (Print):March 19, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00225a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00225a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views648Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface-enhanced second-harmonic generation and Raman scattering (1983)

Emission from a variety of surface optical processes is significantly incrased at interfaces with roughened noble metals. A general formalism, applicable to any optical process, is used to predict the enhancement in the radiated power for second-harmonic generation and Raman scattering from an electrochemically reformed silver surface. Experimental results for these enhancements at different wavelengths are reported. The intensity of the second-harmonic radiation can be understood strictly in terms of the strong macroscopic electric fields produced at the roughened surface by resonant structures. For Raman scattering, part of the enhancement also arises from microscopic local-field effects and the direct chemical interaction of the adsorbate and substrate. The surface-enhanced second-harmonic and Raman signals are studied as the silver sample undergoes oxidation and reduction in an electrolyte containing cyanide ions. The behavior of these two easily measurable probes is described and correlated with the system's surface chemistry.
Electron tunneling through large area vacuum gap-preliminary results (2003)

We have obtained tunneling currents of over 10 /spl Aring/ through the vacuum gap between conformal electrodes having an effective area on the order of 0.1-1 cm/sup 2/. The large area vacuum gap is obtained by using a surface replication method that allows for two electrodes to have precisely matched topographies. The width of the vacuum gap within the range of 30-100 /spl Aring/ is regulated using piezoelectric actuators. These same actuators are used to regulate angles between the electrodes. Measured I-V characteristics show that the overall current through the system can be represented as the sum of the tunneling current and the current running through the short circuits between electrodes, and that tunneling current becomes dominant at distances greater than 30 /spl Aring/. The dependence of the capacitance and conductance on the distance between electrodes is in good agreement with the simple model of electrodes separated by a vacuum gap. Such an electron tunneling device could be used for cooling and power generation, as well as for other applications.