gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault-tolerant FFT networks (1988)

Two concurrent error detection (CED) schemes are proposed for N-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) networks that consists of log/sub 2/N stages with N/2 two-point butterfly modules for each stage. The method assumes that failures are confined to a single complex multiplier or adder or to one input or output set of lines. Such a fault model covers a broad class of faults. It is shown that only a small overhead ratio, O(2/log/sub 2/N) of hardware, is required for the networks to obtain fault-secure results in the first scheme. A novel data retry technique is used to locate the faulty modules. Large roundoff errors can be detected and treated in the same manner as functional errors. The retry technique can also distinguish between the roundoff errors and functional errors that are caused by some physical failures. In the second scheme, a time-redundancy method is used to achieve both error detection and location. It is sown that only negligible hardware overhead is required. However, the throughput is reduced to half that of the original system, without both error detection and location, because of the nature of time-redundancy methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic presentations for illustration purposes (2004)

Dynamics, presentation, illustration, computer graphics, temporal modelling, non-photorealistic rendering
Studies on the constituents of Sophora species. XIII. Constituents of the aerial parts of Sophora tomentosa L. (1978)

Two new flavonoid compounds, named sophoraisoflavanone A (I), mp 178-180°, C21H22O6, and sophoraflavanone B (II), mp 193-195°, C20H20O5, together with sophoronol (IV), isosophoranone (V) and isobavachin (VI) were isolated from the aerial parts of Sophora tomentosa L. Besides them, a new phenolic compound (III), mp 108-110°, C27H44O4, was also isolated. The structures of them were determined by chemical and spectroscopic studies. Sophoraisoflavanone A (I) exhibited antifungal activity.
Evaluation of Fiber Bundle Rotation for Enhancing Gas Exchange in a Respiratory Assist Catheter (2007)

Supplemental oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal through an intravenous respiratory assist catheter can be used as a means of treating patients with acute respiratory failure. We are beginning development efforts toward a new respiratory assist catheter with an insertional size <25F, which can be inserted percutaneously. In this study, we evaluated fiber bundle rotation as an improved mechanism for active mixing and enhanced gas exchange in intravenous respiratory assist catheters. Using a simple test apparatus of a rotating densely packed bundle of hollow fiber membranes, water and blood gas exchange levels were evaluated at various rotation speeds in a mock vena cava. At 12,000 RPM, maximum CO2 gas exchange rates were 449 and 523 mL/min per m2, water and blood, respectively, but the rate of increase with increasing rotation rate diminished beyond 7500 RPM. These levels of gas exchange efficiency are two- to threefold greater than achieved in our previous respiratory catheters using balloon pulsation for active mixing. In preliminary hemolysis tests, which monitored plasma-free hemoglobin levels in vitro over a period of 6 hours, we established that the rotating fiber bundle per se did not cause significant blood hemolysis compared with an intra-aortic balloon pump. Accordingly, fiber bundle rotation appears to be a potential mechanism for increasing gas exchange and reducing insertional size in respiratory catheters.
Hydrogels for Soft Machines (2008)

Abstract Hydrogels have applications in surgery and drug delivery, but are never considered alongside polymers and composites as materials for mechanical design. This is because synthetic hydrogels are in general very weak. In contrast, many biological gel composites, such as cartilage, are quite strong, and function as tough, shock‐absorbing structural solids. The recent development of strong hydrogels suggests that it may be possible to design new families of strong gels that would allow the design of soft biomimetic machines, which have not previously been possible.
Electrical control of the combustion of solid and liquid particulate suspensions (1971)

Abstract The individual steps in using electric fields for dispersing solid and liquid fuels, for controlling the trajectories of the resulting charged particles and for manipulating their burning, are studied in turn—both experimentally and theoretically. After establishing the feasibility of the basic principles using powdered solids and distilled water, the remaining work is carried out using paraffin, with an antistatic additive, as fuel. The experimental conditions under which sprays are monodisperse are established, using a magnifying schlieren system and MgO-coated microscope slides, and accounted for theoretically. This makes possible the prediction of droplet size and charge in terms of the applied electrical, geometrical and flow parameters and permits the deduction of mobility. The measurement of droplet velocities in control fields, using both photographic particle tracking and the interference of Dopplershifted laser light scattered by the droplets, confirms these theoretical calculations. Similar methods are then applied to burning droplets but difficulties are encountered due to leakage of charge occasioned by chem i-ionization in the flames. These difficulties are overcome by separating the flames electrically from the preceding stages of electrical air induction, fuel atomization, mixing and vaporization. This leads to the development of burners operated entirely by fields which draw in and accelerate air from the surroundings using corona discharges in multi-stage ion pumps, the last stage of which atomizes and disperses the fuel. The theory of such devices indicates how optimum conditions of operation can be achieved in practice.
Read-mapping using personalized diploid reference genome for RNA sequencing data reduced bias for detecting allele-specific expression (2012)

Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been applied extensively in many areas of genetics and genomics research. A fundamental problem when comes to analyzing NGS data is mapping short sequencing reads back to the reference genome. Most of existing software packages rely on a single uniform reference genome and do not automatically take into the consideration of genetic variants. On the other hand, large proportions of incorrectly mapped reads affect the correct interpretation of the NGS experimental results. As an example, Degner et al. showed that detecting allele-specific expression from RNA sequencing data was biased toward the reference allele. In this study, we developed a method that utilize DirectX 11 enabled graphics processing unit (GPU)'s parallel computing power to produces a personalized diploid reference genome based on all known genetic variants of that particular individual. We show that using such a personalized diploid reference genome can improve mapping accuracy and significantly reduce the bias toward reference allele in allele-specific expression analysis. Our method can be applied to any individual that has genotype information obtained either from array-based genotyping or resequencing. Besides the reference genome, no additional changes to alignment algorithm are needed for performing read mapping therefore one can utilize any of the existing read mapping tools and achieve the improved read mapping result. C++ and GPU compute shader source code of the software program is available at: http://code.google.com/p/diploid-mapping/downloads/list.
Understanding and Preventing Transmission of Healthcare-Associated Pathogens Due to the Contaminated Hospital Environment (2013)

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Overcoming Drug Resistance to Heme-Targeted Antimalarials by Systematic Side Chain Variation of 7-Chloro-4-aminoquinolines (2008)

Systematic variation of the branching and basicity of the side chain of chloroquine yielded a series of new 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline derivatives exhibiting high in vitro activity against four different strains of P. falciparum. Many of the compounds tested showed excellent potency against chloroquine sensitive and resistant strains. In particular 4b, 5a, 5b, 5d, 17a, and 17b were found to be significantly more potent than chloroquine against the resistant strains Dd2 and FCB.
Reliable Location-Based Routing Algorithm in Digital Home Network Scenarios (2006)

The Digital Home Network (DHN) scenarios with high rate multimedia data transmission was supported by IEEE 802.15.3 standard. These mobile ad-hoc networks consist of wireless mobile host that communicate with each other, in the absence of a fixed infrastructure. Routes between two hosts in a mobile DHN may consist of hops through other hosts in the network. Host mobility can cause frequent unpredictable topology changes. Therefore, the task of finding and maintaining routes in mobile DHN is nontrivial. Many protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc network, with the goal achieving efficient routing. But these algorithms differ in the approach used for searching a new rout and/or modifying a known rout, when hosts move. Based on analyzing other routing protocols, this paper presents the reliable location-based routing algorithm which is an adaptation to these networks.
Two inducers of plant defense responses, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinec acid and salicylic acid, inhibit catalase activity in tobacco. (1995)

2,6-Dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) and salicylic acid (SA) are potent inducers of plant defense responses including the synthesis of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and the development of enhanced disease resistance. A soluble SA-binding protein has been purified from tobacco with an affinity and specificity of binding that suggest it is a SA receptor. Recently, this protein has been shown to be a catalase whose enzymatic activity is inhibited by SA binding. We have proposed that the resulting increase in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species plays a role in the induction of defense responses such as PR protein gene expression. Here we report that INA, like SA, binds the SA-binding protein/catalase and inhibits its enzymatic activity. In fact, the dose-response curves for inhibition of catalase by these two compounds are similar. Furthermore, the ability of both INA analogues and SA derivatives to bind and inhibit tobacco catalase correlates with their biological activity to induce PR-1 gene expression and enhance resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. Comparison of the structures of INA, SA, and their analogues reveals several common features that appear to be important for biological activity. Thus, these results not only suggest that INA and SA share the same mechanism of action that involves binding and inhibition of catalase but also further indicate an important role for reactive oxygen species in the induction of certain plant defense responses. This is supported by the demonstration that INA-mediated PR-1 gene activation is suppressed by antioxidants.
The Role Played Case: An Experiential Approach to Teaching Introductory Information Systems Development (1996)

Information systems development needs to be taught using an experiential approach. This is difficult when introductory classes are large and the students have no knowledge of the complex social and business environments in which information systems are developed. This paper presents a teaching approach called a role played case as an experiential tool for large classes of introductory IS students. These cases involve students behaving as systems analysts confronting an actor who role plays a client from a real business organisation environment. The role played case approach is compared and contrasted with the traditional written case approach and is shown to have significant advantages, particularly in allowing direct interaction between the student and the complex personal and social environments associated with information systems development. A phenomenographic research technique was used to investigate the students' perceptions of the learning context associated with a role played case. It is considered highly desirable to provide a learning context in which students attempt to understand the material being presented and relate the new material to the rest of the curriculum. This is known as a deep learning approach and is associated in the phenomenographic view of learning with conceptually significant learning. The investigation showed that a majority of students perceived the learning context associated with the role played case as requiring a deep learning approach. As a result of the investigation an enhancement to the role played case approach was developed with the aim of increasing the proportion of students who are able to apply a deep learning approach. Finally, the paper recommends the further use of phenomenographic techniques in information systems education (ISE) research.
The intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe intramolecular Diels-Alder reactionGottfried Brieger and Janet N. BennettCite this: Chem. Rev. 1980, 80, 1, 63–97Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60323a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60323a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6193Altmetric-Citations440LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Non-contact detection of cardiac rate based on visible light imaging device (2012)

We have developed a non-contact method to detect human cardiac rate at a distance. This detection is based on the general lighting condition. Using the video signal of human face region captured by webcam, we acquire the cardiac rate based on the PhotoPlethysmoGraphy theory. In this paper, the cardiac rate detecting method is mainly in view of the blood’s different absorptivities of the lights various wavelengths. Firstly, we discompose the video signal into RGB three color signal channels and choose the face region as region of interest to take average gray value. Then, we draw three gray-mean curves on each color channel with time as variable. When the imaging device has good fidelity of color, the green channel signal shows the PhotoPlethysmoGraphy information most clearly. But the red and blue channel signals can provide more other physiological information on the account of their light absorptive characteristics of blood. We divide red channel signal by green channel signal to acquire the pulse wave. With the passband from 0.67Hz to 3Hz as a filter of the pulse wave signal and the frequency spectrum superimposed algorithm, we design frequency extracted algorithm to achieve the cardiac rate. Finally, we experiment with 30 volunteers, containing different genders and different ages. The results of the experiments are all relatively agreeable. The difference is about 2bmp. Through the experiment, we deduce that the PhotoPlethysmoGraphy theory based on visible light can also be used to detect other physiological information.
Efficient removal ofloxP-flanked DNA sequences in a gene-targeted locus by transient expression of Cre recombinase in fertilized eggs (1997)

The bacteriophage P1 Cre/loxP site-specific recombination system is a useful tool for engineering chromosomal changes in animal cells. Transient expression of the Cre recombinase gene directly introduced into fertilized eggs by pronuclear injection has been reported to provide an efficient method of transgene modulation in fertilized eggs. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of this method to remove loxP-flanked DNA sequences in a gene-targeted locus in fertilized eggs. We replaced a part of the T-cell receptor gamma (TCR V gamma) locus with homologous sequences containing a loxP-flanked neogene in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by gene-targeting technique. The resulting ES cell clones containing the mutant allele (V gamma LNL) were used to generate chimeric mice by blastocyst injection. Eight male chimeras were bred with superovulated wild-type female mice. One hundred and seventy-six fertilized eggs were collected, and subjected to pronuclear injection of the Cre expression plasmid, pCAGGS-Cre, of a covalently closed circular form. Three out of 11 pups inherited the targeted V gamma locus. The inherited targeted allele of these 3 mice was shown to have undergone Cre-mediated recombination, resulting in a deletion of the loxP-flanked sequences (V gamma delta) as shown by Southern blot analysis of DNA from tail biopsies. All 3 founder mutant mice were capable of transmitting the V gamma delta locus to their offspring. The other 8 pups carried only wild-type alleles. There were no pups carrying the unrecombined V gamma LNL locus. Thus, the frequency of Cre-mediated recombination was 100% (3/3) with this method. In contrast, when closed circular pCAGGS-Cre plasmid was introduced into ES cells by electroporation, the recombination frequency of the V gamma LNL locus was 9.6%. These results indicated that our system based on transient expression of the Cre recombinase gene directly introduced into fertilized eggs by pronuclear injection provides a fast and efficient method for generating mutant mice with desired deletions or translocations in target genes.
Hypertonic Saline Dextran Prime Reduces Increased Intracranial Pressure During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Pigs (1994)

Children and adults who develop neurologic deficits after cardiac surgery may experience cerebral ischemia during cardiopulmonary bypass. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) may contribute to cerebral ischemia during bypass. Hypertonic saline dextran (HSD), a hyperosmotic, hyperoncotic resuscitation solution, decreases ICP in trauma resuscitation. We hypothesized that HSD would decrease ICP, reduce brain water, and reduce intravascular fluid requirements during bypass. Twelve swine were divided into two bypass groups: Group 1 (ISO = isotonic) received as prime 1 L of lactated Ringer's solution and 500 mL of 6% hydroxyethyl starch. Group 2 (HSD = hypertonic saline/dextran) received as prime 1 L of lactated Ringer's solution, 500 mL of 6% hydroxyethyl starch, and 1 mL/kg of 24% hypertonic saline/25% dextran. Normothermic bypass was instituted at 100 mL.kg-1.min-1. ICP increased significantly during bypass with ISO prime but not with HSD. Brain water in the cerebrum did not differ between groups but was reduced in the cerebellum to 75.9% +/- 1.4%. We conclude that HSD prevented any significant increase in ICP during normothermic bypass, and substantially improved fluid balance during bypass. In cardiac surgery patients in whom maintaining decreased ICP and reducing isotonic fluid administration is important, HSD may be a useful addition to the bypass prime solution.
A Peptide Mimetic of 5-Acetylneuraminic Acid-Galactose Binds with High Avidity to Siglecs and NKG2D (2015)

We previously identified several peptide sequences that mimicked the terminal sugars of complex glycans. Using plant lectins as analogs of lectin-type cell-surface receptors, a tetravalent form of a peptide with the sequence NPSHPLSG, designated svH1C, bound with high avidity to lectins specific for glycans with terminal 5-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac)-galactose (Gal)/N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) sequences. In this report, we show by circular dichroism and NMR spectra that svH1C lacks an ordered structure and thus interacts with binding sites from a flexible conformation. The peptide binds with high avidity to several recombinant human siglec receptors that bind preferentially to Neu5Ac(α2,3)Gal, Neu5Ac(α2,6)GalNAc or Neu5Ac(α2,8)Neu5Ac ligands. In addition, the peptide bound the receptor NKG2D, which contains a lectin-like domain that binds Neu5Ac(α2,3)Gal. The peptide bound to these receptors with a KD in the range of 0.6 to 1 μM. Binding to these receptors was inhibited by the glycoprotein fetuin, which contains multiple glycans that terminate in Neu5Ac(α2,3)Gal or Neu5Ac(α2,6)Gal, and by sialyllactose. Binding of svH1C was not detected with CLEC9a, CLEC10a or DC-SIGN, which are lectin-type receptors specific for other sugars. Incubation of neuraminidase-treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with svH1C resulted in binding of the peptide to a subset of the CD14+ monocyte population. Tyrosine phosphorylation of siglecs decreased dramatically when peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with 100 nM svH1C. Subcutaneous, alternate-day injections of svH1C into mice induced several-fold increases in populations of several types of immune cells in the peritoneal cavity. These results support the conclusion that svH1C mimics Neu5Ac-containing sequences and interacts with cell-surface receptors with avidities sufficient to induce biological responses at low concentrations. The attenuation of inhibitory receptors suggests that svH1C has characteristics of a checkpoint inhibitor.
Dose dependent pharmacokinetics of <i>N</i>‐ACETYLCYSTEINE AFTER ORAL DOSING TO MAN (1990)

The pharmacokinetics after oral administration of 200, 600 or 1200 mg of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were studied in 10 healthy subjects. Normalized maximal plasma concentration was significantly higher after a 600 mg dose than after a 200 mg dose. Bioavailability of NAC significantly increased with increasing dose. Time for maximal plasma concentration also increased with increasing dose. The observations can be explained by a capacity-limited presystemic elimination of NAC. In an extension of the study, 600 mg of NAC was given twice a day for 5 days and the plasma concentrations were followed after the morning dose on day 6. No differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters were observed in comparison with the single 600 mg dose. This indicates that the beneficial clinical effects observed after repeated dosing can not be ascribed to an accumulation of NAC in plasma.