gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Efficiency White Phosphorescent Polymer Light-Emitting Devices (2004)

White phosphorescent light emission from polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs) has been demonstrated. To fabricate the white-emitting PLED, blue phosphorescent polymer (BPP) and red phosphorescent polymer (RPP) were used for the emissive layer, and the emission color was tuned by controlling the concentration ratio of BPP to RPP. The external quantum efficiency of the white-emitting PLED, with CIE coordinates of (0.34, 0.36), was 6.0% at luminance of 100 cd/m/sup 2/. To investigate the emission mechanism in the PLED, its photoluminescence spectrum and transient decay were measured. These experimental measurements indicate that direct excitation of the iridium-complex (Ir-complex) units by carrier trapping is a major excitation process for white-emitting PLED. A 3.6-in full-color display based on the white phosphorescent PLED and color filters was demonstrated.
Nitroxides as reaction intermediates (1982)

Vinyl nitroxides 4 are obtained by oxidation of the nitrones 3, as was shown by esr studies and by identification of the reaction products. The formation of 4d–f is even observed in oxidation of the hydroxylamines 1d–f, nitroxides 2d–f and nitrones 3d–f being the intermediates. The high reactivity of the vinyl nitroxides 4 at their β-position is illustrated by the reactions of 4a with various compounds affording the nitroxides 7–10, respectively. Compound 4c reacts with its precursor 3c to give 11, 12, or 13, depending on the reaction conditions. From oxidation of 3a, c, and e the dimerization products 5a, c, and e, respectively, could be isolated. Whereas further oxidation of 5d yields 6d, the acyl nitroxides 14a and c are formed in the oxidation of 5a and c, respectively.The formation of quinone 23 in the reaction of 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane with potassium tert-butoxide in isopropyl alcohol in the presence of oxygen is discussed. The nitroxide 20 has been detected in the reaction mixture. Imines 24 react with nitrosobenzene giving nitroxides 26. These are further oxidized by nitrosobenzene to afford nitrones 27. Whereas 27a and b could be isolated, 27c and d undergo further reaction yielding the diimines 30c and d along with dinitrone 29.The formation and reactions of imino nitroxides 31 and of the nitronyl nitroxide 41 are discussed. Electron spin resonance studies revealed the high reactivity of the imidazolyl-1,3-dioxides 46 and the imidazolyl-1-oxides 50, which easily form radicals 47–49 and 51, respectively, which are derived from secondary reactions.
Sparteine oxidation is practically abolished in quinidine‐treated patients. (1986)

In eight patients a sparteine-test was carried out immediately before and after 1 week of treatment with quinidine 600-800 mg day-1. Before treatment one patient was classified as a poor metaboliser (metabolic ratio: greater than or equal to 20), and seven patients as extensive metabolisers. During quinidine treatment, the formation of sparteine metabolites (2- and 5-dehydrosparteine) was practically abolished. Patients initially classified as extensive metabolisers thus exhibited the phenotype of poor metabolisers during quinidine treatment.
Encapsulation and Enzyme-Mediated Release of Molecular Cargo in Polysulfide Nanoparticles (2011)

Poly(propylene sulfide) nanoparticles (<150 nm) have been synthesized by an anionic, ring-opening emulsion polymerization. Upon exposure to parts per million (ppm) levels of oxidizing agent (NaOCl), hydrophobic polysulfide particles are oxidized to hydrophilic polysulfoxides and polysulfones. Utilizing this mechanism, the encapsulation of hydrophobic molecular cargo, including Nile red and Reichardt's dye, within polysulfide nanoparticles has been characterized by a variety of microscopic and spectroscopic methods and its release demonstrated via chemical oxidation. Moreover, release of cargo has been enzymatically driven by oxidoreductase enzymes such as chloroperoxidase and myeloperoxidase in the presence of low concentrations of sodium chloride (200 mM) and hydrogen peroxide (500 μM). This oxidation-driven mechanism holds promise for controlled encapsulation and release of a variety of hydrophobic cargos.
AncestryAI (2017)

Many people are excited to discover their ancestors and thus decide to take up genealogy. However, the process of finding the ancestors is often very laborious since it involves comparing a large number of historical birth records and trying to manually match the people mentioned in them. We have developed AncestryAI, an open-source tool for automatically linking historical records and exploring the resulting family trees. We introduce a record-linkage method for computing the probabilities of the candidate matches, which allows the users to either directly identify the next ancestor or narrow down the search. We also propose an efficient layout algorithm for drawing and navigating genealogical graphs. The tool is additionally used to crowdsource training and evaluation data so as to improve the matching algorithm. Our objective is to build a large genealogical graph, which could be used to resolve various interesting questions in the areas of computational social science, genetics, and evolutionary studies. The tool is openly available at: http://emalmi.kapsi.fi/ancestryai/.
The ADEPT Framework for Intelligent Autonomy (2003)

This paper describes the design and implementation of Draper Laboratory's All-Domain Execution and Planning Technology (ADEPT) architecture for intelligent autonomy. Intelligent autonomy is the ability to plan and execute complex activities in a manner that provides rapid, effective response to stochastic and dynamic mission events. Thus, intelligent autonomy enables the high-level reasoning and adaptive behavior for an unmanned vehicle that is provided by an operator in man-in-the-loop systems. Draper's intelligent autonomy has architecture evolved over a decade and a half beginning in the mid 1980s [3, 4, 6 and 12] culminating in an operational experiment funded under DARPA's Autonomous Minehunting and Mapping Technologies (AMMT) unmanned undersea vehicle program [15]. ADEPT continues to be refined through its application to current programs that involve air vehicles, satellites and higher-level planning used to direct multiple vehicles. The objective of ADEPT is to solidify a proven, dependable software approach that can be quickly applied to new vehicles and domains. The architecture can be viewed as a hierarchical extension of the sense-think-act paradigm of intelligence and has strong parallels with the military's Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) loop [14]. The key elements of the architecture are planning and decision-making nodes comprising modules for situation assessment, plan generation, plan implementation and coordination. A reusable, object-oriented software framework has been developed that implements these functions. As the architecture is applied to new areas, only the application specific software needs to be developed. This paper describes the core architecture in detail and discusses how this has been applied in the undersea, air, ground and space domains.
A Fully Synthesizable Bluetooth Baseband Module for a System-on-a-Chip (2003)

Bluetooth is a specification for short-range wireless communication using the 2.4 GHz ISM band. It emphasizes low complexity, low power, and low cost. This paper describes an area-efficient digital baseband module for wireless technology. For area-efficiency, we carefully consider hardware and software partitioning. We implement complex control tasks of the Bluetooth baseband layer protocols in software running on an embedded microcontroller. Hardware-efficient functions, such as low-level bitstream link control; host controller interfaces (HCIs), such as universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) and universal serial bus (USB) interfaces; and audio Codec are performed by dedicated hardware blocks. Furthermore, we eliminate FIFOs for data buffering between hardware functional units. The design is done using fully synthesizable Verilog HDL to enhance the portability between process technologies so that our module can be easily integrated as an intellectual property core on system-on-a-chip (SoC) ASICs. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) prototype of this module was tested for functional verification and realtime operation of file and bitstream transfers between PCs. The module was fabricated in a 0.25-µm CMOS technology, the core size of which was only 2.79 mm×2.80 mm.
Inhibition of T7 RNA Polymerase:  Transcription Initiation and Transition from Initiation to Elongation Are Inhibited by T7 Lysozyme <i>via</i> a Ternary Complex with RNA Polymerase and Promoter DNA (1997)

The mechanism of transcription repression of T7 RNA polymerase by T7 lysozyme was investigated using a combination of kinetic and equilibrium methods. HPLC gel-filtration experiments demonstrated complex formation between T7 lysozyme, T7 RNA polymerase, and promoter DNA. The interactions between the two proteins were quantitated by measuring in real time the changes in protein fluorescence upon binary complex formation using stopped-flow kinetics. Complex formation between T7 lysozyme and the RNA polymerase was found to occur by a one-step process, with a bimolecular association rate constant of 38 microM-1 S-1 and a dissociation rate constant of 3.5 S-1. These constants provided an equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd, of 92 nM for the polymerase lysozyme complex. The interactions of the polymerase with the DNA were studied by stopped-flow kinetics and nitrocellulose equilibrium DNA binding experiments in the absence and in the presence of T7 lysozyme. The results showed that T7 lysozyme did not prevent or change the kinetic or thermodynamic interactions of the RNA polymerase with the DNA. T7 lysozyme by itself did not bind to the DNA, but since it bound to the RNA polymerase as well as to the polymerase DNA complex, transcription repression must involve the formation of the ternary complex between T7 lysozyme, T7 RNA polymerase and the promoter DNA. The effect of T7 lysozyme was most striking on runoff product synthesis which was greatly inhibited whereas the steady-state synthesis of abortive products, limited by polymerase cycling or RNA dissociation, was relatively unaffected by the presence of T7 lysozyme. Investigation of the pre-steady-state kinetics of transcription in the presence and absence of T7 lysozyme indicated that the inhibition of runoff product synthesis was largely due to inhibition of transcription initiation and transition from initiation to elongation.
Transparent influence of path selection in heterogeneous ad hoc networks (2005)

In wireless ad hoc networks, heterogeneity is inherent and each node has different characteristics, resources, and policies. Most current ad hoc routing protocols do not consider node heterogeneity when making routing decisions. Although existing ad hoc routing protocols can be extended to consider heterogeneity, these methods require changes to the routing protocol packets and packet processing. We propose a simple, transparent modification during the route discovery phase of an on-demand routing protocol to select the best route considering heterogeneity. In our solution, nodes can influence their likelihood of participating in routing packets for the other nodes, and there is no noticeable change to the routing protocol. To evaluate our solution, we modify an ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol implementation. Our solution's ability to influence path selection is studied in both a testbed and a network simulator. We show that using the method described in this paper, nodes that want to avoid routing packets for others are avoided when other routes exist.
A novel pathway for transcriptional regulation of α‐synuclein (2006)

Alpha-synuclein is an abundant neuronal protein that has been linked to both normal synaptic function and neurodegeneration--in particular, Parkinson's disease (PD). Uncovering mechanisms that control alpha-synuclein transcription is therefore critical for PD pathogenesis and synaptic function. We previously reported that in PC12 cells and primary neurons, alpha-synuclein is transcriptionally up-regulated after application of growth factors. In the current work we have characterized the pathway involved in this regulation in PC12 cells. The MAP/ERK pathway, and in particular Ras, is both sufficient and necessary for the NGF and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) -mediated response. Significantly, response elements for this pathway, including a putative occult promoter, lie within intron 1, a hitherto unappreciated regulatory region of the gene that may be utilized in this or other settings. The PI3 kinase pathway is also involved in alpha-synuclein regulation, but response elements for this pathway appear to lie primarily outside of intron 1. These findings indicate that NGF- and bFGF-mediated signal transduction via the MAP/ERK and PI3 kinase pathways, and in part via regulatory regions within intron 1, may be involved in alpha-synuclein transcriptional regulation. Targeting of these pathways may serve to modulate alpha-synuclein so that it achieves desirable levels within neuronal cells.
Computer architectures for robot control: a comparison and a new processor delivering 20 real MFLOPS (2003)

The author considers the resources required to implement robot trajectory, kinematic, dynamic, and servo algorithms at rates high enough to ensure that the computation rate does not limit performance. He examines current computer architectures in general and those intended for robot control. He then describes a very-long-instruction-word (VLIW) processor designed for robot control. This processor, called JIFFE, was designed to run close to its peak performance even on the random scalar operations characteristic of robotics algorithms. JIFFE performs nearly 20 MFLOPS (million floating-point operations per second) on practical scalar robotics code, while maintaining high performance on poorly structured code and executing some matrix code at 40 MFLOPS. Because JIFFE was designed to be a good research tool, it can be easily programmed in C. A variety of compiler features help generate efficient code, even from voluminous machine-generated expressions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Feasibility Study of Marine CSEM for Reservoir Monitoring Using Joint 3D EM Modeling and Fluid-flow Simulator (2011)

We present an approach to study the effect of resistivity changes on marine CSEM measurements based on a heterogeneous reservoir model with various parameter settings. The resistivity changes may be caused by waterflooding or due to different distribution of reservoir properties. By integrating fluid flow simulation with electromagnetic modeling, we take into account a more realistic flooding front. In addition to previous studies, we further confirmed the useability of marine CSEM for reservoir monitoring and characterization under certain conditions. The forward modeling results demonstrated that the inline electric field, transverse magnetic field, and vertical electric field are all sensitive to the resistivity changes. Particularly, the vertical electric field shows capability of direct identification of fluid front movement although the accurate position of the front may not be fully mapped. To provide a quantitative, more reliable interpretation of time-lapse marine CSEM data, we need to perform the fluid-flow constrained inversion by choosing appropriate electromagnetic field components and positioning sources and receivers properly.
Drying of solutions and suspensions in the modified spouted bed with draft tube (2002)

A modified spouted bed dryer with inert particles was used for drying of solutions and suspensions. The effects of the operating conditions on dryer throughput and product quality were investigated. Experiments were performed in a cylindrical column 215 mm in diameter and 1150 mm in height with a draft tube 70 mm in diameter and 900 mm length. The bed was made of polyethylene particles 3.3 mm in diameter and of density of 921 kg/m3. The pesticide Cineb, inorganic compound calcium carbonate, organic compound calcium stearate, and pure water were used as feeding materials. A drying model using the continuity and momentum equations for turbulent accelerating two-phase flow and conventional rate equations is proposed and discussed. The work is relevant for estimating dryer performance.
Simultaneous genotyping for all three known structural mutations in the human mannose‐binding lectin gene (1997)

We describe a rapid and simple method for genotyping the three known structural mutations within exon 1 of the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) gene. A PCR-amplifiable synthetic DNA (Universal Heteroduplex Generator) was annealed to genomic PCR product from exon 1 to generate unique DNA heteroduplexes for each mutation. Heteroduplexes were then resolved by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The technique was initially validated with previously typed samples and then applied to previously untyped samples with the results confirmed by DNA sequencing. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Creditor Reporting System (2013)

This publication presents comprehensive statistics on aid flows in support of water supply and sanitation for the years 2001-2006, including trends in donors' aid and the degree of targeting of countries most in need. Individual donor profiles provide summary statistics in the form of charts and tables, and descriptions of donors' development co-operation policies in the water sector. The publication also records the relevant aid activities reported by DAC members and multilateral institutions to the CRS Aid Activity database (Creditor Reporting System). The information is based on individual commitments and disbursements of Official Development Assistance (ODA) to water supply and sanitation.This edition is the product of collaboration between the Secretariat of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and the World Water Council (WWC).This title belongs to OECD Report Series.ISBN: 9781780406107 (eBook)ISBN: 9781843392361 (Print)
Microbial Contamination in Next Generation Sequencing: Implications for Sequence-Based Analysis of Clinical Samples (2014)

The high level of accuracy and sensitivity of next generation sequencing for quantifying genetic material across organismal boundaries gives it tremendous potential for pathogen discovery and diagnosis in human disease. Despite this promise, substantial bacterial contamination is routinely found in existing human-derived RNA-seq datasets that likely arises from environmental sources. This raises the need for stringent sequencing and analysis protocols for studies investigating sequence-based microbial signatures in clinical samples.
Wildlife Conservation. By Ira N. Gabrielson. Second Edition. The Macmillan Company, New York. $5.50. (1961)

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Surface Treatment of Bacterial Cellulose in Mild, Eco-Friendly Conditions (2018)

Bacterial cellulose (BC) with increased hydrophobicity is required for several applications including packaging. Surface functionalization of BC may provide good resistance to moisture, increased barrier properties or improved compatibility to polymer matrices. For this purpose, chemical grafting of BC in mild, eco-friendly conditions was carried out using different agents. BC membranes were surface functionalized with vinyl-triethoxy silane (VS) or 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APS), by acylation and acrylation. The efficiency of the surface treatments was highlighted by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, by contact angle measurements and by dynamic mechanical analysis. The morphological investigation by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed an increased compactness for surface functionalized BC, which correlated well with the different increase of the contact angle. BC treated with APS and VS showed more than a twofold increase in contact angle value. Similarly, the crystallinity degree was reduced to 69.6% and 72.9% after APS and VS treatments as compared with 84.1% for untreated BC, confirming the grafting reaction and the decrease in hydrogen bonding. All the applied treatments delayed the degradation of BC. However, the highest increase in thermal stability was observed for silanes treated membranes. Effective, eco-friendly methods for improving the surface hydrophobicity of bacterial cellulose for food packaging were proposed in this study.
Cardiac SSFP imaging at 3 Tesla (2004)

Balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) techniques provide excellent contrast between myocardium and blood at a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Hence, SSFP imaging has become the method of choice for assessing cardiac function at 1.5T. The expected improvement in SNR at higher field strength prompted us to implement SSFP at 3.0T. In this work, an optimized sequence protocol for cardiac SSFP imaging at 3.0T is derived, taking into account several partly adverse effects at higher field, such as increased field inhomogeneities, longer T(1), and power deposition limitations. SSFP contrast is established by optimizing the maximum amplitude of the radiofrequency (RF) field strength for shortest TR, as well as by localized linear or second-order shimming and local optimization of the resonance frequency. Given the increased SNR, sensitivity encoding (SENSE) can be employed to shorten breath-hold times. Short-axis, long-axis, and four-chamber cine views obtained in healthy adult subjects are presented, and three different types of artifacts are discussed along with potential methods for reducing them.
Welt und Wissen: <i>Sokal's hoax</i>, die Postmoderne und der Wahrheitsanspruch der Physik (2001)

Abstract Der Streit um die realistische Deutung der Grundsätze wissenschaftlicher Theorien durchzieht die Wissenschafts‐ und Philosophiegeschichte seit der Spätantike. In den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten hat sich dieser Streit durch die Betonung gesellschaftlicher Einflüsse auf die Wissenschaft von Seiten der Soziologie weiter verschärft und ist durch Alan Sokals kürzliche Attacke auf Postmodernismus und Relativismus in einen offenen Wissenschaftskrieg umgeschlagen. Die vom 18. bis 20. Juni am Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Forschung der Universität Bielefeld veranstaltete Tagung „Welt und Wissen”︁ diente dem Zweck, die Kriegsparteien um einen runden Tisch zu versammeln und die Beziehung der Wissenschaft zur Wirklichkeit auszuloten.
2-Acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. 4. Complexes with transition metals as antimalarial and antileukemic agents (1982)

Reaction of the 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-3-thiocarboxylic acid 2-[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]hydrazide (IIIa), its selenium analogue (IIIb), 1H-hexahydroazepine-1-thiocarboxylic acid 2-[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]hydrazide (IV), and 1H-octahydroazocine-1-thiocarboxylic acid 2-[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]hydrazide (V) with Cu(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), and Mn(II) salts gave crystalline complexes. Relative to the free ligands, these complexes show reduced antimalarial activity in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei; however, antileukemic properties are enhanced by coordination with the above-mentioned metals.