gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layered Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> Deposited Polymeric Carbon Nitrides for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation (2014)

Here we report a facile impregnation synthesis of layered Co(OH)2 deposited with g-C3N4 while the pH value is adjusted by using ammonia solution for photocatalytic water oxidation with UV–vis and visible light illumination. This surface modification not only accelerates the interface transfer rate of charge carriers but also reduces the excessive energy barrier for O–O formation, thus leading to enhanced reaction kinetics for photocatalytic water oxidation. The optimum oxygen evolution rates (OERs) of the Co(OH)2/g-C3N4 sample reached 27.4 and 7.1 μmol h–1 under UV–vis (λ >300 nm) and visible light (λ >420 nm) irradiation, which are 5.5 and 7 times faster than those for pristine g-C3N4, respectively. These results underline the possibility for the development of effective, robust, and earth-abundant WOCs for the promotion of water-splitting photocatalysis by sustainable g-C3N4 polymer photocatalysts.
Morphological and mechanical information of coronary arteries obtained with intravascular elastography. Feasibility study in vivo (2002)

In vivo intravascular elastography is feasible. Significantly higher strain values were found in non-calcified plaques than in calcified plaques.
Place metaphors in educational cyberworlds: a virtual campus case study (2005)

In the recent years, the usage of 3D cyberworlds for educational purposes has increased. The metaphors behind the design of virtual places are quite diverse, from replication of real universities to art museums and scientific labs. Based on the results of a case study we have performed, this paper provides an initial set of requirements for a cyberworld representing an existing university. In this connection, we analyze place metaphors and associated design features of the virtual campus of Nanyang Technological University in Singapore in the context of related work. Finally, we discuss the correspondence between the identified metaphors and associated educational goals, providing directions for further development of the virtual campus
Role of MARCKS in regulating endothelial cell proliferation (2000)

Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), as a specific protein kinase C (PKC) substrate, mediates PKC signaling through its phosphorylation and subsequent modification of its association with filamentous actin (F-actin) and calmodulin (CaM). PKC has long been implicated in cell proliferation, and recent studies have suggested that MARCKS may function as a cell growth suppressor. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated MARCKS protein expression, distribution, and phosphorylation in preconfluent and confluent bovine pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (BPMEC) in the presence or absence of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In addition, we examined functional alterations of MARCKS in these cells by studying the association of MARCKS with F-actin and CaM-dependent myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Our results indicate that MARCKS protein is downregulated during BPMEC proliferation. Decreased MARCKS association with F-actin, increased actin polymerization, and CaM-dependent MLC phosphorylation appear to mediate cell shape changes and motility during BPMEC growth. In contrast, VEGF stimulated MARCKS phosphorylation without alteration of protein expression during BPMEC proliferation, which may result in reduced interaction between MARCKS and actin or CaM, leading to actin reorganization and MLC phosphorylation. Our data suggest a regulatory role of MARCKS during endothelial cell proliferation.
Design and Comparative Analysis of FRS Architectures for the AI DCT (2013)

Computationally intensive sinusoidal transforms such as the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) play a large role in science and engineering. The DCT has found valuable application in image and video processing. Its broad use has prompted many researchers to seek to improve its computational properties. In the DCT, multiplication by irrational constants has been identified as a source of error, due to the introduction of quantization error. Efforts to overcome this quantization error have led to the relatively recent application of Algebraic Integer (AI) representations, by Dimitrov. The use of AI allows the irrational constants to be encoded, without quantization error. Numbers encoded in AI can be easily operated on by the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication, all without the introduction of quantization error. A large computational penalty is paid when the AI encoded number, is reconstructed into a single number, using a process known as the Final Reconstruction Step (FRS). This research investigates and develops a large number of novel designs for the FRS, in the application of 2D AI to the 2D DCT. These designs include the application of Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM) and a substitution method, to reduce the computational complexity of the FRS. These new designs offer a significant improvement in Mean-Squared Error (MSE) and computational complexity, in comparison with standard FRS designs. This research also provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of AI methods versus non-AI methods for the 2D DCT, and finds that non-AI methods are superior to AI in many cases, for the metrics of MSE and computational complexity, despite the significant FRS improvements reported in this thesis. For the case of area-limited designs, this thesis demonstrates the superiority of the AI method over the non-AI method, by the use of a single, multiplexed FRS stage.
Rapid boundary element solvation electrostatics calculations in folding simulations: Successful folding of a 23-residue peptide (2001)

Solvation effects play a profound role in the energetics of protein folding. While a continuum dielectric model of solvation may provide a sufficiently accurate estimate of the solvation effects, until now this model was too computationally expensive and unstable for folding simulations. Here we proposed a fast yet accurate and robust implementation of the boundary element solution of the Poisson equation, the REBEL algorithm. Using our earlier double-energy scheme, we included for the first time the mathematically rigorous continuous REBEL solvation term in our Biased Probability Monte Carlo (BPMC) simulations of the peptide folding. The free energy of a 23-residue beta beta alpha-peptide was then globally optimized with and without the solvation electrostatics contribution. An ensemble of beta beta alpha conformations was found at and near the global minimum of the energy function with the REBEL electrostatic solvation term. Much poorer correspondence to the native solution structure was found in the "control" simulations with a traditional method to account for solvation via a distance-dependent dielectric constant. Each simulation took less than 40 h (21 h without electrostatic solvation calculation) on a single Alpha 677 MHz CPU and involved more than 40,000 solvation energy evaluations. This work demonstrates for the first time that such a simulation can be performed in a realistic time frame. The proposed procedure may eliminate the energy evaluation accuracy bottleneck in folding simulations.
Primary PEComa of the bladder treated with primary excision and adjuvant interferon-alpha immunotherapy: a case report (2006)

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential, which have in common the co-expression of muscle and melanocytic immunohistochemical markers. A 48-year-old man presented with dysuria, passage of urinary sediment and lower abdominal discomfort. A three centimeter mass was identified by cystoscopy in the posterior midline of the bladder. Computerized tomography suggested an enterovesical fistula. The patient underwent laparotomy, partial cystectomy and partial small bowel resection. Pathological examination revealed PEComa of the bladder. The patient underwent adjuvant interferon-α immunotherapy. Subsequent follow-up procedures, including cystoscopy and imaging, have not revealed evidence of recurrence. The patient is clinically free of disease 48 months after surgery. This case represents the second documented PEComa of bladder and demonstrates that adjuvant therapies, including anti-angiogenic and immunotherapy, may be considered for patients with locally advanced or metastatic genitourinary PEComa.
Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Suspension Cultures of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum) (1981)

Immature embryos of Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet), cultured in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) produced a pale-yellow and compact callus tissue by proliferation of the scutellum. Teased pieces of the compact callus were placed in a liquid medium on a gyrotory shaker to establish suspension cultures. The cultures were composed of large, elongated and higly vacuolated cells, and a population of richly cytoplasmic cells. The latter, here termed embryogenic cells, contained numerous plastids with starch, and occurred in tight groups of four or more cells, and occasionally as single cells. Structures resembling various stages of embryogenic development were found in the suspension cultures. When the cultures were plated in a 2,4-D-free agar medium containing abscisic acid, embryoids with the typical organization of cereal embryos were produced. The embryoids ‘germinated’ in vitro to give rise to plantlets, which were successfully transferred to soil. The regenerated plants showed the normal diploid chromosome number of 14. Embryoids apparently arose from single embryogenic cells, either directly or after the formation of a proembryonal mass of cells.
Electron promotion in collisions of protons with a LiF surface (1999)

Electron spectra arising from grazing incidence collisions in the keV range of protons with a LiF surface grown on a tungsten substrate are analyzed in terms of the mechanism of electron promotion followed by autoionization. The analysis consists in a comparison of the experimental electron spectra with calculated electron spectra. The calculations are based on theoretically obtained molecular potential curves for the ${\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ molecular system in the LiF crystal. We find that molecular potentials which correspond to the promotion of two $2p$ electrons of ${\mathrm{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ along the $3d\ensuremath{\sigma}$ one-electron orbital enter the lowest one-electron continuum at an ${\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ distance of \ensuremath{\sim}2.5 atomic units, so that autoionization at smaller distances becomes possible during the collision. With these potentials, electron spectra are calculated for certain impact parameters using a semiclassical eikonal approximation. Calculated spectra that can be compared to the experimental ones are obtained by integrating over an impact parameter distribution which is extracted from Monte Carlo calculations of trajectories. It is found that satisfactory agreement of experimental and theoretical spectra can be achieved if it is assumed that electron promotion leads with high probability to excitation of autoionizing doubly excited ${\mathrm{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ states embedded in the conduction band of LiF.
Protein classification artificial neural system (1992)

A neural network classification method is developed as an alternative approach to the large database search/organization problem. The system, termed Protein Classification Artificial Neural System (ProCANS), has been implemented on a Cray supercomputer for rapid superfamily classification of unknown proteins based on the information content of the neural interconnections. The system employs an n-gram hashing function that is similar to the k-tuple method for sequence encoding. A collection of modular back-propagation networks is used to store the large amount of sequence patterns. The system has been trained and tested with the first 2,148 of the 8,309 entries of the annotated Protein Identification Resource protein sequence database (release 29). The entries included the electron transfer proteins and the six enzyme groups (oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases), with a total of 620 superfamilies. After a total training time of seven Cray central processing unit (CPU) hours, the system has reached a predictive accuracy of 90%. The classification is fast (i.e., 0.1 Cray CPU second per sequence), as it only involves a forward-feeding through the networks. The classification time on a full-scale system embedded with all known superfamilies is estimated to be within 1 CPU second. Although the training time will grow linearly with the number of entries, the classification time is expected to remain low even if there is a 10-100-fold increase of sequence entries. The neural database, which consists of a set of weight matrices of the networks, together with the ProCANS software, can be ported to other computers and made available to the genome community. The rapid and accurate superfamily classification would be valuable to the organization of protein sequence databases and to the gene recognition in large sequencing projects.
Antibacterial Polyphenol from Erodium glaucophyllum (2003)

Geraniin and gallic acid were isolated from the alcohol extract of the aerial parts of Erodium glaucophyllum (Geraniaceae). The identity of the compounds was verified through different physical and spectrometric methods. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of geraniin is presented.
High framerate vector velocity blood flow imaging using a single planewave transmission angle (2012)

Vector velocity blood flow imaging gives speed and direction of blood flow at each pixel. An imaging algorithm proposed earlier [2] requires multiple angles of planewave (PW) transmissions to construct a robustly invertible model for vector velocity estimates. Here we demonstrate a vector velocity estimation approach that requires only a single planewave transmission angle. The proposed algorithm uses PW transmission and reconstruction to generate a blood motion image sequence in the B-mode flow (B-Flow) modality, at frame rates in the Doppler PRF regime. Pixel ensembles in the image sequence at point p = [x, z] and pulse t are comprised of IQ magnitude values, computed from the IQ data at each pixel p after wall filtering the ensemble. The sequence of values thus captures motion at a framerate equal to the PRF, revealing fine-scale flow dynamics as a moving texture in the blood reflectivity. Using the chain rule, spatial and temporal derivatives resulting from the space-time gradient of the image sequence couple to the texture flow velocity vector field [v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> (x, z, t), v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</sub> (x, z, t)] at each pixel p and PRI t. The resulting Gauss-Markov models are solved by least squares to give the vector velocity estimates, which are formulated in the model to be constant over the estimation window. We also evaluate variants that include in the observation, lag-product samples (autocorrelation summands) at non-zero lags, as well as instantaneous Doppler-derived axial velocity estimates. Compared to the multi-angle planewave algorithm presented in [2], this approach allows for a longer time interval for wall filtering, as the frame is not partitioned into separate segments for different planewave angles. This permits wall filters with steeper transition bands, and allows flexibility in balancing framerate and sensitivity, suggesting application to vector flow imaging of deep tissue where efficiently achieving planewave angle diversity at the target becomes difficult. Using a Philips L7-4 transducer and a Verasonics (TM) acquisition system, we evaluate single-angle PWT vector velocity imaging on a Doppler string phantom, and demonstrate it successfully on a carotid artery.
Effects of standardized extracts GK501, from <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> L., G115 from <i>Panax ginseng</i> C. A. Meyer, and their combination, gincosan® (PHL‐00701), on the brain levels of biogenic monoamines and on the serum content of prolactin, growth hormone and ACTH (1993)

Abstract In experiments on old (26 months old) rats, we found that the extracts of Panax ginseng (G115), Ginkgo biloba (GK501) and their combination Gincosan® (PHL‐00701) administered orally at two doses for 7 days induced changes in the levels of biogenic monoamines in some brain regions (frontal cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus and pons). The most characteristic change was the increase produced by the two extracts and their combination in the serotonin level in all brain structures except for pons compared with controls. In the hippocampus G115, GK501 and their combination decreased the noradrenaline level. The same doses of G115, GK501 and their combination applied for 7 days to young (3 months old) and old (26 months old) rats caused significant changes in the blood level of prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and ACTH compared with age‐matched controls: both G115 and GK501 decreased the serum level of PRL compared with age‐matched controls; the hormone level being high in old controls, in extract‐treated rats it became equal to that in young controls; G115 and PHL‐00701 greatly increased the serum level of ACTH in both age groups compared with age‐matched controls. Under conditions of induced immobilization and cold stress in young rats, the 7‐day pretreatment with G115, GK501 and their combination led to significant changes in the blood levels of PRL, GH and ACTH compared with control untreated stressed and unstressed rats.
Photoexcited Coherent Tunneling in a Double-Barrier Superlattice (1987)

We have observed unambiguously the coherent tunneling of photoexcited electrons through an unequal ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ double-barrier superlattice structure. This observation confirms the Fabry-Perot quantum-mechanical interference mechanism in this system. On the basis of this result, a high-responsivity infrared photodetector can be designed with low dark current.
Kinetic model for adherent Vero cell growth and poliovirus production in batch bioreactors (2019)

The production of poliovirus vaccines in adherent Vero cells in batch bioreactors usually consists of a two-step upstream process: (1) Vero cell cultivation on microcarriers and (2) poliovirus proliferation. In this study we developed a mathematical model to describe this two-step process. We introduced the calculation of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and a correction of measurement for the sampling effect in order to ensure the high quality data sets. Besides the data of the OUR, we selected glucose concentration, Vero cell concentration and the virus titer for daily in process control to evaluate the progress of the process. With the selected data sets, the described model can accurately describe poliovirus production by Vero cells. Several other regular in process control samples (e.g. lactate concentration, ammonia concentration, and amino acids concentration) were excluded from the model, simplifying the process control analysis and minimizing labor.
Berry Fruit Supplementation and the Aging Brain (2008)

The onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, superimposed on a declining nervous system, could exacerbate the motor and cognitive behavioral deficits that normally occur in senescence. In cases of severe deficits in memory or motor function, hospitalization and/or custodial care would be a likely outcome. This means that unless some way is found to reduce these age-related decrements in neuronal function, health-care costs will continue to rise exponentially. Thus, it is extremely important to explore methods to retard or reverse age-related neuronal deficits, as well as their subsequent behavioral manifestations, to increase healthy aging. In this regard, consumption of diets rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory polyphenolics, such as those found in fruits and vegetables, may lower the risk of developing age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Research suggests that the polyphenolic compounds found in berry fruits, such as blueberries and strawberries, may exert their beneficial effects either through their ability to lower oxidative stress and inflammation or directly by altering the signaling involved in neuronal communication, calcium buffering ability, neuroprotective stress shock proteins, plasticity, and stress signaling pathways. These interventions, in turn, may exert protection against age-related deficits in cognitive and motor function. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the benefits of these interventions in rodent models and to describe the putative molecular mechanisms involved in their benefits.
Current honey research at the University of Waikato (2008)

To put what has become a very large part of our research into context, I briefly outline the history of the chance finding by a PhD student at the University of Dresden in 2005 that few samples of manuka honey examined in a survey of foodstuffs contained an exceptionally high level of MGO, which lead to the proposal in 2006 that MGO, is the antibacterial component of manuka honey. It was the bringing of this to the attention of the world by Manuka Health in July 2007 that led to six of our research group having to work very hard for the past year on gaining an understanding of how MGO forms in manuka honey, seeking scientific substance can be safely consumed when it is in manuka honey, and that when in contact with wound tissues at the high levels at which it occurs in undiluted honey, it does not interfere with the healing process.
Cyst Fluid Biosignature to Predict Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas with High Malignant Potential (2019)

We have identified a single-platform polymerase chain reaction-based assay of cyst fluid to accurately predict IPMNs with high malignant potential for additional studies.
LV.—Methylisobutylacetic acid, CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·CH<sub>2</sub>·CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)·COOH (1895)

M. W. Burrows and W. H. Bentley, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1895, 67, 509 DOI: 10.1039/CT8956700509