gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Motion Artifacts In Electrocardiogram Monitoring Using an Optical Sensor (2011)

The effectiveness of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors can be significantly impaired by motion artifacts, which can trigger false alarms, cause misdiagnoses, and lead to inappropriate treatment decisions. Skin stretch associated with patient motion is the most significant source of motion artifacts in current ECG monitoring. In this study, motion artifacts are adaptively filtered by using skin strain as the reference variable, measured noninvasively using an optical sensor incorporated into an ECG electrode. The results demonstrate that this new device and method can significantly reduce motion induced ECG artifacts in continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring.
Applications of arsine evolution methods to environmental analyses. (1977)

Because of its biological activity, arsenic is involved in an active global geochemical cycle. Arsenic has been found to be transferred to the atmosphere, at least in part, by evolution of trimethyl arsine and similar methyl arsenic compounds. Because of the environmental importance of the several arsenic forms [inorganic arsenic (III) and (V), methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsenic acid, trimethylarsine, methylarsine, and dimethylarsine], chemical methods for their analysis are needed. Sensitive methods are required because environmental concentrations encountered are generally in the range of 0.01 (or lower) to 3 ppb for natural waters and 1-6 ng As/m3 for arsenic in air. Arsine evolution by pH selective reduction permits specific analyses for inorganic As (III) and As (V). Methylarsenic acids may be reduced to corresponding methylarsines with sodium borohydride after which separation permits specific detection of these arsenic compounds. The most sensitive and selective methods combine reduction, separation, and emission type detectors. The intensity of arsenic atomic emission lines is observed. This type of detector provides a lower limit of detection down to 0.02 ng As per sample. The methods have been applied to a variety of environmental samples.
Strategic Direction through Purchasing Portfolio Management: A Case Study (2002)

SUMMARY Contrary to the growing number of academic publications on purchasing portfolio models in literature, little is known about their actual use. Kraljic's portfolio model, which was developed in 1983, seems to be the dominant approach in the profession. This model, however, does not provide guidelines for strategic movement of commodities and/or suppliers within the matrix. Based on an in‐depth case study, derived from a major Dutch chemical company, the use of portfolio techniques in purchasing has been explored and described. The results indicate that Kraljic's portfolio approach, when elaborated and tailored, indeed allows for sufficient guidance for developing effective purchasing and supplier strategies. The case study points out what supplier strategies are feasible and what conditions should be met in order to make them happen.
Exposure in Difficult Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy (1995)

Exposure with an extended tibial tubercle and tibial crest osteotomy was done for 136 total knee arthroplasties from 1986 to 1994: There were 26 primary arthroplasties, 76 revision, 10 repeated revision, 19 infected, and 5 repeated revision for infection. Adequate exposure was achieved and further release of the quadriceps mechanism was not necessary. Two or 3 wires were passed through the lateral edge of the tibial tubercle and through the medial tibial cortex to reattach the bone fragment and patellar tendon. Mean range of motion in these cases at 2 years after surgery was 93.7 degrees (range, 15 degrees-140 degrees). Two knees had extension lag, unchanged from their preoperative condition. Two tibial tubercles had partial proximal avulsion fracture, but did not separate widely. No evidence of non-union occurred in the simple cases or in the infected cases in which repeat elevation of the tibial tubercle flap and quadriceps mechanism was done. Three wires were removed because of pain. Two tibial fractures occurred in a single patient with diabetic Charcot arthropathy, and in 1 with manipulation after open adhesiolysis. Quadriceps function was not compromised in any case. Knees with Charcot arthropathy may need prolonged protection from weightbearing. Special caution should be exercised when manipulation is done to improve knee flexibility.
CX3CL1 reduces neurotoxicity and microglial activation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (2011)

These findings demonstrated that CX3CL1 plays a neuroprotective role in 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic lesion and it might be an effective therapeutic target for many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease, where inflammation plays an important role.
Effect of TiO2 Addition on the Sintering Process of Magnesium Oxide from Seawater (2012)

The use of sintering aids is quite common in the production of ceramic bodies. The effect of small additions of various oxide compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O, Fe2O3, TiO2, ZrO2 and some halides such as LiF and LiC on the sintering of magnesium oxide has been studied in detail and has received wide attention. There is a general consensus regarding the way in which many of these additives operate, based on a mechanism where intergranular liquid phase are formed which can restrict grain growth, assist the grain-boundary sliding and accelerate mass transport during sintering. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of adding TiO2 in quantities od 1, 2 nad 5 wt. % for reducting the boron content in the product, i. e. sintered magnesium oxide obtained from seawater. The purpose of this paper was, first, to reduce the B2O3 content in magnesium oxide from seawater as much as possible in order to ensure a high-purity product, because the hot-strength properties of certain refractory products are significantly affected by their boron content, and, second to sinter the individual products and determine the properties of samples sintered depending on the precipitation method and the boron content in the magnesium oxide.
Comparative Study of MIL-96(Al) as Continuous Metal–Organic Frameworks Layer and Mixed-Matrix Membrane (2016)

MIL-96(Al) layers were prepared as supported metal-organic frameworks membrane via reactive seeding using the α-alumina support as the Al source for the formation of the MIL-96(Al) seeds. Depending on the solvent mixture employed during seed formation, two different crystal morphologies, with different orientation of the transport-active channels, have been formed. This crystal orientation and habit is predefined by the seed crystals and is kept in the subsequent growth of the seeds to continuous layers. In the gas separation of an equimolar H2/CO2 mixture, the hydrogen permeability of the two supported MIL-96(Al) layers was found to be highly dependent on the crystal morphology and the accompanied channel orientation in the layer. In addition to the neat supported MIL-96(Al) membrane layers, mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs, 10 wt % filler loading) as a composite of MIL-96(Al) particles as filler in a continuous Matrimid polymer phase have been prepared. Five particle sizes of MIL-96(Al) between 3.2 μm and 55 nm were synthesized. In the preparation of the MIL-96(Al)/Matrimid MMM (10 wt % filler loading), the following preparation problems have been identified: The bigger micrometer-sized MIL-96(Al) crystals show a trend toward sedimentation during casting of the MMM, whereas for nanoparticles aggregation and recrystallization to micrometer-sized MIL-96(Al) crystals has been observed. Because of these preparation problems for MMM, the neat supported MIL-96(Al) layers show a relatively high H2/CO2 selectivity (≈9) and a hydrogen permeance approximately 2 magnitudes higher than that of the best MMM.
Production and characterization of species-specific monoclonal antibodies against <i>Leishmania donovani</i> for immunodiagnosis. (1984)

Sixteen species-specific monoclonal antibodies were produced against membranes of Leishmania donovani. These antibodies only reacted with determinants present on L. donovani. No cross-reactions were found with any other species of Leishmania or with membranes of Trypanosoma cruzi. An extensive analysis of the binding specificities of selected antibodies was carried out by using whole promastigote homogenates as antigen. Monoclonal antibodies D-1, D-2, D-3, and D-4 correctly identified all 44 L. donovani stocks from a cross-panel of 84 New and Old World Leishmania stocks. Antibodies D-1 and D-2 were also useful for species classification by immunofluorescence. No cross-reactions were observed with any other Leishmania species examined. Based on either Western blot and/or radioimmunoprecipitation analyses, five distinct groups of molecules associated with L. donovani-specific antigenic determinants were identified. These molecules range in m.w. from 18 to 84 kilodaltons. The antigenic molecules recognized by antibodies D-2, D-10, and D-13 are also recognized by antibodies present in sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). Kala-azar sera obtained from cases in both the Old and New World specifically compete with these monoclonal antibodies for the appropriate antigenic determinants in Western blot analysis. These monoclonal antibodies and/or the purified protein antigens may be useful in the development of a serologic assay for the clinical diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani and in epidemiologic studies of leishmaniasis.
Mesoporous aluminosilicates prepared from zeolites by treatment with ammonium fluorosilicate (1993)

The pore enlargement upon treatment of various A- and X-type zeolites with ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AFS), is strongly dependent on the Si : Al ratio and the preparation conditions (volumes of the AFS solution added and the ammonium acetate solution used). In particular, the higher the Si : Al ratio, the lower the average size of the mesopores for the resulting materials. The use of the buffer is necessary for sharp pore-size distributions. The materials thus obtained show very interesting ion-exchange capacities which may exhibit values up to 80% of the initial value.
A programming interface for IEEE 1394 video device in robot vision (2003)

This paper presents a new programming interface library for IEEE 1394 video devices on Linux. The multi-threaded library is able to capture images independently and simultaneously from multiple cameras by a synchronous transmission with a point-to-point connection. A combination of this library and inexpensive IEEE 1394 devices with simple configurations can bring a low cost real-time vision system.
Homogenized LED-illumination using microlens arrays for a pocket-sized projector (2007)

We present an LED-based ultra-mini DMD projector with a size of 75 mm x 67 mm x 42 mm. A compact homogenizer consisting of a double-side microlens array and two condensers was proposed to reduce the size of the pocket-sized projector. The homogenizer not only allowed for a reduction in the total track length of the system, but also reduced the angle of the rays emitted from the LED with the micro field lens array. The double-side well-aligned 124 x 146 microlens array was fabricated using backside alignment and hot embossing techniques. The microlens array was square-arranged and the fill-factor was extremely high. The uniformity and total throughput of this projector were higher than those of the current pocket-sized projectors. Moreover, the optical performances of the projector such as color difference and the LED alignment tolerance were also measured and discussed.
Nanometer-Scale Infrared Spectroscopy of Heterogeneous Polymer Nanostructures Fabricated by Tip-Based Nanofabrication (2012)

There is a significant need for chemical identification and chemical imaging of nanofabricated structures and devices, especially for multiple materials integrated at the nanometer scale. Here we present nanofabrication, chemical identification, and nanometer-scale chemical imaging of polymer nanostructures with better than 100 nm spatial resolution. Polymer nanostructures of polyethylene, polystyrene, and poly(3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl) were fabricated by tip-based nanofabrication. Nanometer-scale infrared measurements using atomic force microscopy infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) obtained quantitative chemical spectra of these nanostructures. We show chemical imaging of intersecting patterns of nanometer-scale polymer lines of different chemical compositions. The results indicate that for closely packed heterogeneous nanostructures, the spatial resolution of AFM-IR is not limited by nanometer-scale thermal diffusion, but is instead limited by the cantilever sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the AFM-IR system.
Passive YouTube QoE Monitoring for ISPs (2012)

Over the last decade, Quality of Experience (QoE) has become the guiding paradigm for enabling a more user-centric understanding of quality of communication networks and services. The intensifying competition among ISPs and the exponentially increasing traffic volumes caused by online video platforms like YouTube is forcing service providers to integrate QoE into their corporate DNA. This paper investigates the problem of YouTube QoE monitoring from an access provider's perspective. To this end, we present three novel methods for in-network measurement of the QoE impairment that dominates user perception in the context of HTTP video-streaming: stalling of playback. Our evaluation results show that it is possible to detect application-level stalling events at high accuracy by using network-level passive probing only. However, only the most complex and most accurate approach can be used for QoE prediction due to the non-linear ties inherent in human quality perception.
Early experience with "antigenoid" vaccine Ac NFU1(S-) MRC towards prevention or modification of herpes genitalis. (1982)

The preparation and early clinical experience with "antigenoid" vaccine Ac NFU1(S-) MRC is described. A neutralising antibody response against both type 1 and type 2 herpes simplex virus was stimulated in 19 of 21 and 25 of 60 patients who received the high and low dosage of vaccine, respectively: immunoprecipitating antibody against type-common virus antigen "band II", a virus antigen of major importance in neutralization of herpes simplex virus, was detected in 12 of 19 and 2 of consorts who received the high and low dosage vaccine, respectively. To date, after a mean follow-up period of one year, none of the 42 consorts have contracted herpes genitalis: following a mean follow-up period of 6 months, only 1 patient vaccinated after the initial clinical episode has reported a recurrence of herpetic disease. These results compare favourably with the rates of consort transmission and first year recurrences in unvaccinated subjects. Seventeen of 24 patients with recurrent herpetic disease reported an "improvement" in terms of modification of the frequency, severity or extent of herpetic lesions. There were no important side-effects from vaccination: most patients experienced a degree of minor local reaction at the vaccination site for 24-72 hours and 3 patients reported a mild transient "flu-like" syndrome which disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination. It is intended to subject these data to the scrutiny of a placebo-controlled trial with an objective system of clinical assessment.
Polymorphism of 5′‐region of the bovine growth hormone receptor gene (2005)

Genes coding for growth hormone (GH) and GH receptor (GHR) are candidates for quantitative trait markers in farm animals. This work describes a search for nucleotide sequence polymorphisms within the 5'-region of the bovine GHR gene. Two new single nucleotide polymorphisms were found: restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at a Fnu4HI/TseI site (C/T transition at position -1104), and at a Sau96I site (C/T transition at position -262). The Fnu4HI/TseI polymorphic site is located within the 1.2-kbp LINE-1 retrotransposon upstream of the P1 promoter, while the Sau96I RFLP locates in the P1 promoter for exon 1A. The appearance of the Sau96I RFLP was studied in representatives of two bovine species, Bos taurus and Bos indicus. An absolute correlation was observed between Sau96I genotype and the insertion/deletion of LINE-1.
Administration of Methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 Hours or Tirilazad Mesylate for 48 Hours in the Treatment of Acute Spinal Cord Injury (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare the efficacy of methylprednisolone administered for 24 hours with methyprednisolone administered for 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate administered for 48 hours in patients with acute spinal cord injury. <h3>Design.</h3> —Double-blind, randomized clinical trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Sixteen acute spinal cord injury centers in North America. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 499 patients with acute spinal cord injury diagnosed in National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (NASCIS) centers within 8 hours of injury. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —All patients received an intravenous bolus of methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) before randomization. Patients in the 24-hour regimen group (n=166) received a methylprednisolone infusion of 5.4 mg/kg per hour for 24 hours, those in the 48-hour regimen group (n=167) received a methylprednisolone infusion of 5.4 mg/kg per hour for 48 hours, and those in the tirilazad group (n=166) received a 2.5 mg/kg bolus infusion of tirilazad mesylate every 6 hours for 48 hours. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Motor function change between initial presentation and at 6 weeks and 6 months after injury, and change in Functional Independence Measure (FIM) assessed at 6 weeks and 6 months. <h3>Results.</h3> —Compared with patients treated with methylprednisolone for 24 hours, those treated with methylprednisolone for 48 hours showed improved motor recovery at 6 weeks (<i>P</i>=.09) and 6 months (<i>P</i>=.07) after injury. The effect of the 48-hour methylprednisolone regimen was significant at 6 weeks (<i>P</i>=.04) and 6 months (<i>P</i>=.01) among patients whose therapy was initiated 3 to 8 hours after injury. Patients who received the 48-hour regimen and who started treatment at 3 to 8 hours were more likely to improve 1 full neurologic grade (<i>P</i>=.03) at 6 months, to show more improvement in 6-month FIM (<i>P</i>=.08), and to have more severe sepsis and severe pneumonia than patients in the 24-hour methylprednisolone group and the tirilazad group, but other complications and mortality (<i>P</i>=.97) were similar. Patients treated with tirilazad for 48 hours showed motor recovery rates equivalent to patients who received methylprednisolone for 24 hours. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Patients with acute spinal cord injury who receive methylprednisolone within 3 hours of injury should be maintained on the treatment regimen for 24 hours. When methylprednisolone is initiated 3 to 8 hours after injury, patients should be maintained on steroid therapy for 48 hours.
Shape memory polymer foams from emulsion templating (2012)

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) change their shape under a stimulus (thermal, chemical, light) and return from an imposed temporary shape to their permanent, original shape. SMPs usually contain “permanent” domains that determine the permanent shape (chemical or physical crosslinks) and “reversible” domains that determine the temporary shape, usually by heating above a glass transition temperature or a melting point (Tm). Compared to fully dense SMPs, SMP foams can undergo higher temporary deformations and can exhibit higher deformations when they recover. In this paper, SMP foams based upon (meth)acrylates with crystallizable long side-chains were synthesized through emulsion-templating within nanoparticle-stabilized high internal phase Pickering emulsions where the nanoparticles also served as crosslinking centers. The nature of the polymer backbone affected the nature of the crystalline phase for identical side chains. The SMP foams at room temperature maintained the temporary shape (a strain of 0.7) imposed above the Tm and exhibited good recovery upon reheating for all four compression–recovery cycles. While the methacrylate-based SMP exhibited a single-stage recovery, the acrylate-based SMP, with identical side-chains, exhibited a two-stage recovery that can be associated with the existence of two crystalline phases. The recovery behavior was described using Kelvin–Voigt units in series with the dependence of viscosity on temperature described using a WLF-like relationship.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of S(IV) Reductions of Bromite and Chlorite Ions (2002)

The reaction of bromite with aqueous S(IV) is first order in both reactants and is general-acid catalyzed. The reaction half-lives vary from 5 ms (p[H+] 5.9) to 210 s (p[H+] 13.1) for 0.7 mM excess S(IV) at 25 degrees C. The proposed mechanism includes a rapid reaction (k(1) = 3.0 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1)) between BrO(2)(-) and SO(3)(2-) to form a steady-state intermediate, (O(2)BrSO(3))(3-). General acids assist the removal of an oxide ion from (O(2)BrSO(3))(3-) to form OBrSO(3)(-), which hydrolyzes rapidly to give OBr(-) and SO(4)(2-). Subsequent fast reactions between HOBr/OBr(-) and SO(3)(2-) give Br(-) and SO(4)(2-) as final products. In contrast, the chlorite reactions with S(IV) are 5-6 orders of magnitude slower. These reactions are specific-acid, not general-acid, catalyzed. In the proposed mechanism, ClO(2)(-) and SO(3)H(-)/SO(2) react to form (OClOSO(3)H)(2)(-) and (OClOSO(2))(-) intermediates which decompose to form OCl(-) and SO(4)(2-). Subsequent fast reactions between HOCl/OCl(-) and S(IV) give Cl- and SO(4)(2-) as final products. SO(2) is 6 orders of magnitude more reactive than SO(3)H-, where k(5)(SO(2)/ClO(2)(-)) = 6.26 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) and k(6)(SO(3)H(-)/ClO(2)(-)) = 5.5 M(-1) s(-1). Direct reaction between ClO(2)(-) and SO(3)(2-) is not observed. The presence or absence of general-acid catalysis leads to the proposal of different connectivities for the initial reactive intermediates, where a Br-S bond forms with BrO(2)(-) and SO(3)(2-), while an O-S bond forms with ClO(2)(-) and SO(3)H-.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship Study of Lamellarin Derivatives (2002)

Ten derivatives (3-12) of marine alkaloid lamellarin D (1) were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity against a HeLa cell line in an effort to examine their structure-activity relationships. It appeared that the hydroxyl groups at positions C-8 and C-20 of 1 were important structural requirements for cytotoxic activity, while the hydroxyl group at C-14 and the two methoxy groups at C-13 and C-21 were not necessary for the activity.