gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Humoral Immune Responses Elicited by DNA and Protein Vaccines Based on Merozoite Surface Protein-1 from <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i> , a Rodent Malaria Parasite (1998)

Immunization with DNA vaccines encoding relevant Ags can induce not only cell-mediated immune response but also humoral immune responses against pathogenic microorganisms in several animal models. Our previous results demonstrated that, when the C terminus (PyC2) of Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), a leading vaccine candidate against erythrocytic stages of malaria, was expressed as a fusion protein (GST-PyC2) with glutathione S-transferase (GST), it elicited Ab-mediated protective immune responses in BALB/c mice. In our present study, we wished to examine the humoral responses to a DNA vaccine (V3) encoding GST-PyC2. The GST-PyC2 expressed in V3-transfected Cos 7 cells was recognized by a protective monoclonal Ab to PyC2 (mAb302), although the secreted product had undergone N-linked glycosylation. When BALB/c mice were immunized with V3 plasmid, anti-PyC2 Abs were successfully induced. These Abs immunoprecipitated native PyMSP-1 protein and competed with mAb302 for binding to its epitope at a level similar to those elicited by GST-PyC2 protein immunization. However, these Abs had significantly lower titers and avidities, and different isotype profiles and protective capacities against a lethal erythrocytic stage challenge, than those resulting from immunization with GST-PyC2 protein. Most surprising was the finding that, in contrast to protein immunization, there was no significant increase in the avidity of either GST-specific or PyC2-specific IgG Abs during the course of DNA immunization. This suggests that there may be little or no affinity maturation of specific Abs during DNA immunization in this system.
The Relationship of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia to Normal Activated B Cells (1990)

There is compelling evidence that B-CLL cells are neoplastic counterparts of minor sub-populations of normal B cells. These normal cells include populations of activated B cells. The cell surface phenotype of B-CLL cells, characterized by the lack of several antigens (Ags) present on mature resting B cells and the presence of Ags preferentially expressed on activated B cells supports this hypothesis. Although controversial, B-CLLs are capable of responding in vitro to a variety of growth and differentiation factors which stimulate the proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion of normal activated B cells. These findings coupled with the observations that B-CLL cells produce cytokines which are normally secreted by stimulated B cells provide further evidence for the similarity between normal activated B cells and B-CLL cells.
Inflow Analysis and Optimization of Slotted Liners (2002)

Summary Slotted liners have been used for many years to provide sand control in many oil industry applications. They are commonly applied in western Canadian reservoirs that produce high-viscosity oil from horizontal wells with unconsolidated, high-permeability sands. Both primary and thermal applications are common, and the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process1 is beginning to see widespread application in this area of the world. They are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and tolerant of installation loads, but historically they have not been able to offer the very small opening sizes of wire-wrap screens for controlling production of fine sands. However, recent advances in slot manufacturing methods provide slot openings that match and surpass the size and tolerance of wire-wrap screens. Furthermore, slotted liners offer an advantage in providing a variable slot density that can be used to optimize inflow or outflow distributions. In the development of its south Bolney reservoir, Marathon Oil Canada and Noetic Engineering Inc. performed an analytical evaluation of inflow characteristics for a new generation of commercially available slots. Several interesting conclusions were reached, the most significant of which was that inflow resistance depends much more strongly on slot density than on open area. The inflow characterization was also used to optimize the slot-density distribution and to promote more uniform production throughout the well. The slotting was incorporated with a deformation-management system that controlled thermally induced loads, preventing compromise of sand-control characteristics.
Gas Phase Reactions in Organic Synthesis (1998)

1. Gas Phase Thermolysis in Natural Product Synthesis 2. Vacuum Gas-Solid Reactions (VGSR): Applications to the Synthesis of Unstable Species 3. Generation of Flash Vacuum or Flow Thermolysis of Double-Bonded Silicon and Germanium Species 4. Gas Phase Synthesis of Thiocarbonyl, Selenocarbonyl and Tellurocarbonyl Compounds 5. Gas Phase Pyrolytic Methods for the Preparation of Carbon-Hydrogen and Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen Compounds 6. The Formation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons, Fullerenes and Soot in Combustion: Pyrolitic Mechanisms and the Industrial and Environmental Connection
Scoring Systems in Total Knee Arthroplasty (2002)

For assessment of total knee arthroplasty outcome, various scoring systems have been introduced. The current study assessed the interobserver correlation of four commonly used total knee arthroplasty outcome scores. One hundred eighteen total knee arthroplasties were investigated by two independent observers, using the Hungerford score, the Hospital for Special Surgery score, the Knee Society score, and the Bristol score. Each score consisted of three subscores: pain, knee, and function. For the highest interobserver correlation was computed for the Bristol score (interobserver correlation coefficient, 0.88). For knee range of motion, flexion contracture, and extension lag there was high interobserver correlation (interobserver correlation coefficient > 0.8 each). For walking distance and walking aids, there also was a high interobserver correlation (interobserver correlation coefficient > 0.7 each). For clinical assessment of total knee arthroplasty, pain should be measured on a four-step system, the knee should be assessed by measurement of range of motion, extension lag, and flexion contracture, and function should be measured on a separate score assessing walking distance and walking aids.
The poly(A)-limiting element enhances mRNA accumulation by increasing the efficiency of pre-mRNA 3′ processing (2005)

The poly(A)-limiting element (PLE) is a conserved sequence originally found in the 3' UTR of Xenopus albumin mRNA whose presence restricts the length of the poly(A) tail on both pre-mRNA and fully processed mRNA to <20 nt. Results presented in this study show that the PLE also increases the cytoplasmic level of reporter beta-globin mRNA. Transcription run-on shows this increase was not due to increased reporter gene transcription, and experiments with tetracycline repressor-controlled reporter mRNA showed the PLE does not alter the rate of mRNA decay. Both RT-PCR and RNase protection assay showed the PLE caused a 50% increase in the 3' processing of reporter beta-globin mRNA in vivo. This was confirmed in vitro, where PLE-containing RNA was cleaved in HeLa nuclear extract at a rate 80% faster than a control RNA bearing an inactive element. These results indicate that the PLE regulates the length of the poly(A) tail and the efficiency of 3' processing. In addition, they show that PLE-containing mRNA with a <20-nt poly(A) tail is as stable as mRNA with a 100- to 200-nt poly(A) tail.
Direct bonding of organic materials (1994)

Direct bonding of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is described as an example of the applicability of direct bonding to organic materials such as polymers. Direct bonding of a PMMA wafer to itself and to silicon and fused silica wafers is realized. At room temperature, the value of the bond energy indicates the presence of weak chemical interactions at the bonded interface. Heating a bonded PMMA/PMMA wafer pair to the glass transition temperature of PMMA (105 °C) and higher temperatures causes the two surfaces to fuse and the interface to become bridged by polymer chains.
Dynamic tracking of human hematopoietic stem cell engraftment using in vivo bioluminescence imaging (2003)

The standard approach to assess hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment in experimental bone marrow transplantation models relies on detection of donor hematopoietic cells in host bone marrow following death; this approach provides data from only a single time point after transplantation for each animal. In vivo bioluminescence imaging was therefore explored as a method to gain a dynamic, longitudinal profile of human HSC engraftment in a living xenogeneic model. Luciferase expression using a lentiviral vector allowed detection of distinctly different patterns of engraftment kinetics from human CD34+ and CD34+CD38- populations in the marrow NOD/SCID/beta 2mnull mice. Imaging showed an early peak (day 13) of engraftment from CD34+ cells followed by a rapid decline in signal. Engraftment from the more primitive CD34+CD38- population was relatively delayed but by day 36 increased to significantly higher levels than those from CD34+ cells (P <.05). Signal intensity from CD34+CD38-engrafted mice continued to increase during more than 100 days of analysis. Flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow from mice after death demonstrated that levels of 1% donor cell engraftment could be readily detected by bioluminescence imaging; higher engraftment levels corresponded to higher image signal intensity. In vivo bioluminescence imaging provides a novel method to track the dynamics of engraftment of human HSC and progenitors in vivo.
PhoU enhances the ability of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073 to colonize the murine urinary tract (2005)

The phoU gene is the last cistron in the pstSCAB-phoU operon and functions as a negative regulator of the Pho regulon. The authors previously identified a phoU mutant of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073 and demonstrated that this mutant was attenuated for survival in the murine model of ascending urinary tract infection. It is hypothesized that the PhoU protein might serve as a urovirulence factor by indirectly affecting the expression of virulence-related genes. In this study, the phoU mutant was further characterized and PhoU was confirmed as a virulence factor. Western blot analysis demonstrated that insertion of the transposon in the phoU gene disrupted the expression of PhoU. The phoU mutant had derepressed alkaline phosphatase activity under phosphate-excess and -limiting conditions. In single-challenge murine ascending urinary tract infection experiments, quantitative cultures of urine, bladder and kidney revealed no significant differences between the phoU mutant strain and the wild-type strain CFT073. However, in competitive colonization experiments, the phoU mutant strain was significantly out-competed by the wild-type strain in the kidneys and urine and recovered in lower amount in the bladder. Complementation of the phoU mutant with a plasmid containing the wild-type phoU gene restored the expression of PhoU and alkaline phosphate activity to wild-type levels and no significant difference in colonization was observed between the phoU mutant containing the complementing plasmid and wild-type in competitive colonization experiments. In human urine, the phoU mutant and wild-type grew comparably when inoculated independently, indicating that the attenuation observed was not due to a general growth defect. However, as observed in vivo, the wild-type out-competed the phoU mutant in competition growth experiments in human urine. These data indicate that PhoU contributes to efficient colonization of the murine urinary tract and add PhoU to a short list of confirmed urovirulence factors.
High efficient isolation and systematic identification of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (2011)

The data presented here suggest that we have developed high efficient isolation and cultivation methods with a systematic strategy for identification and characterization of hADSCs. These techniques will be able to provide safe and stable seeding cells for research and clinical application.
Repeater insertion in RLC lines for minimum propagation delay (2003)

A closed form expression for the propagation delay of a CMOS gate driving a distributed RLC line is introduced that is within 5% of dynamic circuit simulations for a wide range of RLC loads. It is shown that the traditional quadratic dependence of the propagation delay on the length of an RC line approaches a linear dependence as inductance effects increase. The closed form delay model is applied to the problem of repeater insertion in RLC interconnect. Closed form solutions are presented for inserting repeaters into RLC lines that are highly accurate with respect to numerical solutions. An RC model as compared to an RLC model creates errors of up to 30% in the total propagation delay of a repeater system. Considering inductance in repeater insertion is also shown to significantly save repeater area and power consumption, The error between the RC and RLC models increases as the gate parasitic impedances decrease which is consistent with technology scaling trends. Thus, the importance of inductance in high performance VLSI design methodologies will increase as technologies scale.
Design of an application specific instruction set processor for parametric speech synthesis (2004)

Parametric speech synthesizers utilize digital parameterized source-filter models for modeling the process of production of human speech. They are used in speech synthesis systems with an unlimited vocabulary. Presently, they are available as C language codes that run on PC platforms. They require a moderately high throughput of a mix of floating-point DSP functions and non-DSP (general-purpose) type computations. For embedded unlimited vocabulary speech synthesis systems, therefore, a need has been felt for the design of an Application Specific Integrated Processor for parametric speech synthesis. The present work describes the design of an Application Specific Instruction Set Processor (ASIP) for parametric speech synthesis that can serve the needs of embedded speech synthesis systems.
Detection of Equine-2 Influenza Virus by the Real-Time PCR (2003)

We developed the TaqMan based real-time EZ RT-PCR assay for the detection of equine-2 influenza viruses (H3N8). Specificity was tested for various wild strains of equine influenza viruses. Our TaqMan EZ RT-PCR could detect all recent European and American strains isolated after 1989, and historical strains except a variant A/equine/Tokyo/71 strain isolated in 1971. Sensitivity was evaluated to detect 10 EID50 viral RNA using the RNA extracted from hen’s egg allantoic fluid infected with A/equine/La Plata/93 (LP93) strain. Detection sensitivity of TaqMan EZ RT-PCR method from the 180 nasal swab samples collected from horses experimentally infected with LP93 strain was compared with the RT-PCR and egg isolation methods. The results suggested that the TaqMan EZ RT-PCR would be the more sensitive method to detect the equine-2 influenza virus than the egg isolation method and as sensitive as RT-PCR method.
Elevated level of anterior gradient-2 in pancreatic juice from patients with pre-malignant pancreatic neoplasia (2010)

These results suggest that elevation of AGR2 levels in pancreatic juice occurs in early pancreatic cancer progression and could be further investigated as a potential candidate juice biomarker for early detection of pancreatic cancer.
Soft-decision COVQ for Rayleigh-fading channels (1998)

A channel-optimized vector quantizer (COVQ) scheme that exploits the channel soft-decision information is proposed. The scheme is designed for stationary memoryless Gaussian and Gauss-Markov sources transmitted over BPSK-modulated Rayleigh-fading channels. It is demonstrated that substantial coding gains of 2-3 dB in channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 1-1.5 dB in source signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR) can be achieved over COVQ systems designed for discrete (hard-decision demodulated) channels.
Recent Development of c-myc G-Quadruplex Ligands (2011)

In this review, we summarize recent findings in the development of c-myc G-quadruplex ligands. Several features such as expanded aromatic rings, flexible molecules, dinuclear metal complexes, oligomers and G-quartet based ligands have been demonstrated to be advantageous for providing higher selectivity towards the c-myc G-quadruplex over duplex structures. High throughput screening methods including competition dialysis, G4 FID, FRET-based melting assay, direct ELISA and in silico virtual screening for analyzing the interaction between the ligands and the c-myc G-quadruplex are discussed. In particular, in silico virtual screening has been demonstrated to be a valuable means for the discovery of selective G-quadruplex ligands. Using this approach, ligands selective for the c-myc G-quadruplex have been successfully identified
A user-centered designed FOSS implementation of bone surgery simulations (2009)

Different aspects of bone surgery simulation has been a popular topic in haptics research field. This demonstration paper has two major results: a free and open source software (FOSS) implementation of a well known algorithm for tool-bone interaction force estimation, and an evaluation conducted as part of a suggested User-centered design approach for creation of a surgery simulator targeting Oral Surgery in particular.
Effect of Successful Parathyroidectomy on Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and Parameters of Red Blood Cells in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism (1997)

Elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism inhibit hematopoiesis at the level of hematopoietic progenitor cells, mainly the burst forming units-erythroid (BFUe). Removal of parathyroid adenomas is associated with an increase in hematopoietic progenitor cells. In contrast, a certain amount of PTH and calcium is needed to correct anemia after bleeding demonstrating that PTH has also a stimulatory effect on the bone marrow. We examined the effect of parathyroidectomy (PTX) in 10 patients with histologically proven primary hyperparathyroidism on hematopoietic progenitor cells and several parameters of red blood cells before and at 5, 30 and 90 days after PTX. After successful surgery serum levels of iPTH (p < 0.01) and calcium (p < 0.001) decreased significantly. Subsequently a steady increase in all hematopoietic progenitor cell classes was observed reaching significance for BFUe only (p < 0.05). Red blood cells and hemoglobin reached nearly pretreatment values within 90 days after PTX after they had decreased due to surgery associated blood loss. 8 patients undergoing hemithyroidectomy without PTX showed a similar decrease in red blood cells and hemoglobin followed by a rise after the operation. The changes of these parameters did not differ significantly from the patients with pHPT. In contrast to the patients with pHPT, no changes in hematopoietic progenitor cells during the 90 days were observed. The presented data provide further evidence that increased PTH concentrations might inhibit hematopoiesis in humans in vivo. The inhibition can be reversed following PTX by normalisation of PTH concentrations.
Public watermarks and resistance to tampering (2005)

Public watermarks allow embedded signals to be extracted from audio and video content for a variety of purposes. One application is for copyright control, where it is envisaged that digital video recorders will not permit the recording of content that is watermarked as never copy. In such a scenario, it is important that the watermark survive both normal signal transformations and attempts to remove the watermark so that an illegal copy can be made. In this paper, we discuss to what extent a public watermark can be resistant to tampering and describe a variety of possible
Further results on diagonal-layered space-time architecture (2002)

We present a simple diagonal-layered space-time coding scheme for Bell-Labs layered space-time (BLAST) architecture that uses block forward error correction coding (FEC) and a diagonal layering space-time interleaver. The proposed diagonal inter-substream coding also facilitates the use of an iterative parallel soft-interference cancellation receiver for decoding the simultaneously transmitted data. The paper includes a simple development of the proposed algorithm and an illustration of its properties using simulation results. In particular, we show that by using the proposed simplified D-BLAST (diagonal-BLAST) architecture and iterative receiver, a power gain of about 6 dB can be achieved over traditional sequential detection schemes.
Nonlinear Compensation using Bypassed Delta-Sigma Modulation for Variable Valve Actuation (2007)

This paper discusses the first introduction of delta-sigma modulation (DSM) as a method to compensate for nonlinearity. DSM is used as the compression method for audio and visual data, but has never been used as a method to compensate for nonlinearity. Increasing robustness has conventionally been used to compensate for nonlinearity, but the use of DSM enables direct compensation. In addition, DSM differs from standard methods of impressing high-frequency components in enabling highly accurate modulation of the control input calculated by the controller, and therefore entails no loss of control performance. The research discussed a modified form of DSM that has been termed "bypassed DSM," which resolves the accuracy deterioration of modulation when the reference signal with large amplitude is inputted to DSM. Bypassed DSM was applied in the lift control of inlet valves in an engine using a continuously variable valve timing and lift system (CVTL), and its effectiveness was verified in actual operation. The use of bypassed DSM resulted in a dramatic improvement in holding performance of valve lift to set point and in transient control performance during vehicle operation.
Lipidomics of familial longevity (2013)

Middle-aged offspring of nonagenarians, as compared to their spouses (controls), show a favorable lipid metabolism marked by larger LDL particle size in men and lower total triglyceride levels in women. To investigate which specific lipids associate with familial longevity, we explore the plasma lipidome by measuring 128 lipid species using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in 1526 offspring of nonagenarians (59 years ± 6.6) and 675 (59 years ± 7.4) controls from the Leiden Longevity Study. In men, no significant differences were observed between offspring and controls. In women, however, 19 lipid species associated with familial longevity. Female offspring showed higher levels of ether phosphocholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) species (3.5-8.7%) and lower levels of phosphoethanolamine PE (38:6) and long-chain triglycerides (TG) (9.4-12.4%). The association with familial longevity of two ether PC and four SM species was independent of total triglyceride levels. In addition, the longevity-associated lipid profile was characterized by a higher ratio of monounsaturated (MUFA) over polyunsaturated (PUFA) lipid species, suggesting that female offspring have a plasma lipidome less prone to oxidative stress. Ether PC and SM species were identified as novel longevity markers in females, independent of total triglycerides levels. Several longevity-associated lipids correlated with a lower risk of hypertension and diabetes in the Leiden Longevity Study cohort. This sex-specific lipid signature marks familial longevity and may suggest a plasma lipidome with a better antioxidant capacity, lower lipid peroxidation and inflammatory precursors, and an efficient beta-oxidation function.