gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Block INTER mode decision for fast encoding of H.264 (2004)

The paper presents a fast block INTER mode decision algorithm to improve significantly the time efficiency of the encoder in H.264. It makes use of the spatial homogeneity of a video object's textures and the temporal stationarity characteristics inherent in video sequences. Specifically, the homogeneity decision of a block is based on edge information, and MB differencing is used to judge whether the MB is time-stationary. Based on the above analysis, only parts of inter prediction modes are chosen for RDO (rate distortion optimization) calculation. Experimental results show that the new scheme is able to achieve a reduction of 30% encoding time on average, with a negligible average PSNR loss of only 0.03 dB and a mere 0.6% bit rate increase compared with the original H.264 reference software.
The Role of Reading Specialist in Developing IEP's (Individual Education Programs) (1980)

Everywhere, supervisors, teachers and education specialists are busily engaged in inservice meetings and workshops in an effort to become familiar with writing, implementing and revising Individual Education Programs (IEP's) for children eligible or enrolled in a Special Education Program. The provision in The Education For All Handicapped Children Act, Public Law 94-142, requiring an IEP for each handicapped child has caused a great deal of activity and development in the field of Special Education.
Considerations for measurement of individual nanoparticles or microparticles by ICP-MS: determination of the number of particles and the analyte mass in each particle (2012)

The unique considerations to determine the number of particles per liter and analyte mass (particle size) distributions from single particle ICP-MS measurements with quadrupole or sequential sector field mass spectrometers are discussed. The short, transient nature of signals from single particles affects the optimum selection of dwell times and pulse counting versus analog detection. The signal peak width due to a cloud of ions produced from a single particle also limits the maximum number of single particles that can be accurately measured in a given total measurement time and the dynamic range of the particle number concentration. The range of analyte mass (particle size) measurements is limited by the rates of vaporization and diffusion. Approaches to calibrate the number of particles detected as a function of the number of particles per mL and to calibrate the signal from a single particle as a function of analyte mass are discussed. Measurement of particle diameter distributions for spherical, solid particles are assessed.
UTILITY OF PROTEASE-DIGESTED HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES FOR THE DETECTION OF LYMPHOCYTE-REACTIVE ALLOANTIBODIES BY INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE1 (1977)

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were digested briefly with protease prior to application of indirect immunofluorescence techniques for detecting alloantibodies in sera of patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis. Background staining of intrinsic surface IgM and cytophilic IgG bound to Fc receptors was eliminated or greatly reduced, enabling detection of B cell specific antibodies, including cold-reactive types not demonstrable by conventional immunofluorescence or complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity. The antigenicity of HLA and other surface membrane determinants was not decreased by protease, although reactivity with certain sera was enhanced. In experiments comparing indirect immunofluorescence using protease-treated cells with complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity and antibody-dependent, lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity assays, indirect immunofluorescence was more sensitive and comprehensive, but not less specific, in defining alloantibodies of a variety of types.
The Impact of Calcification on the Biomechanical Stability of Atherosclerotic Plaques (2001)

Calcification does not increase fibrous cap stress in typical ruptured or stable human coronary atherosclerotic lesions. In contrast to lipid pools, which dramatically increase stresses, calcification does not seem to decrease the mechanical stability of the coronary atheroma.
Biomedical named entity recognition using conditional random fields and rich feature sets (2004)

As the wealth of biomedical knowledge in the form of literature increases, there is a rising need for effective natural language processing tools to assist in organizing, curating, and retrieving this information. To that end, named entity recognition (the task of identifying words and phrases in free text that belong to certain classes of interest) is an important first step for many of these larger information management goals.
First-Principles Study of AlBN and Related Polytypes (2013)

We have investigated the electronic and lattice properties of AlBN and related ternary polytypes which are sp3-bonded compounds. Considered polytypes are 2H-, 3H-, 4H-, 5H-, 6H-, 3×2H-, and 12H. Internal atoms (Al or N) of AlN polytypes replaced with B, P, or As atoms as AlBN, AlPN, and AlAsN. Their electronic and lattice properties are optimized automatically by the first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) method. Their electronic band structures are non-metallic with the exception of 2H-AlBN(Al2BN), 4H-AlAsN(Al4AsN3), 4H-AlAsN0(Al4As2N2), and 4H-AlPN(Al4PN3). Most band gaps of calculated AlBN polytypes are indirect. One 3×2H-AlBN(Al5BN6) structure has a direct band gap although the band gaps of other calculated 3×2H-AlBN are indirect.
IL-33–Dependent Type 2 Inflammation during Rhinovirus-induced Asthma Exacerbations <i>In Vivo</i> (2014)

IL-33 and type 2 cytokines are induced during a rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbation in vivo. Virus-induced IL-33 and IL-33-responsive T cells and ILC2s are key mechanistic links between viral infection and exacerbation of asthma. IL-33 inhibition is a novel therapeutic approach for asthma exacerbations.
A novel acoustically quiet coil for neonatal MRI system (2015)

MRI acoustic exposure has the potential to elicit physiological distress and impact development in preterm and term infants. To mitigate this risk, a novel acoustically quiet coil was developed to reduce the sound pressure level experienced by neonates during MR procedures. The new coil has a conventional high-pass birdcage RF design, but is built on a framework of sound abating material. We evaluated the acoustic and MR imaging performance of the quiet coil and a conventional body coil on two small footprint NICU MRI systems. Sound pressure level and frequency response measurements were made for six standard clinical MR imaging protocols. The average sound pressure level, reported for all six imaging pulse sequences, was 82.2 dBA for the acoustically quiet coil, and 91.1 dBA for the conventional body coil. The sound pressure level values measured for the acoustically quiet coil were consistently lower, 9 dBA (range 6-10 dBA) quieter on average. The acoustic frequency response of the two coils showed a similar harmonic profile for all imaging sequences. However, the amplitude was lower for the quiet coil, by as much as 20 dBA.
Liquid-crystalline compounds with lateral aromatic branches (1988)

Abstract We present the synthesis of 2-substituted hydroquinone-bisbenzoates which have large 2-substituents containing aromatic and other ring systems. Contrary to the general accepted opinion these large lateral substituents which cause remarkable deviations from the rod-like shape of the molecules do not prevent the liquid-crystalline properties, the compounds are nematic and smectic. The influence of different chemical groups on the liquid-crystalline properties is investigated systematically. The compounds tend to exhibit the glassy nematic state above room temperature. This property may be used for the construction of thermo-electrooptic devices.
Channel capacity model of binary encoded structured light-stripe illumination (1998)

A common approach to structured light-illumination measurement is to encode a surface topology successively with binary light-stripe patterns of variable spatial frequency. Each surface location is thereby encoded with a binary sequence associated with its height. By analyzing the lateral displacements of the reflected encoded pattern, one can reconstruct the surface topology without ambiguity. We present a model for multistripe analysis in terms of an information channel for which the maximum spatial stripe frequency is related to channel capacity and maximized accordingly by use of Shannon's theorems. The objective is to improve lateral resolution through optimized spatial frequency while maintaining a fixed range resolution. Given an optimized spatial frequency, a technique is presented to enhance lateral resolution further by multiplexing the light structure. Theoretical and numerical results are compared with experimental data.
The occurrence of zearalanone in raw and fermented products from Swaziland and Lesotho (1978)

Numerous reports of epizootics due to zearalanone, and the subsequent experimental work upon it have implicated this oestrogenic mycotoxin as an important pathologic agent for the uterus and vagina. The finding of zearalanone in fermented products in an area in Southern Africa where human cervical cancer is prevalent may be related to this disease.
Gamma interferon production by combinations of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, and cultured macrophages (1982)

Mitogen-induced interferon (IFN) production was studied using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and subpopulations of lymphocytes, monocytes, and cultured macrophages. Cell populations were prepared in suspension to permit quantitative analysis of the interactions among different cell types. After stimulation by staphylococcal enterotoxin A, nylon column-purified lymphocytes produced only 5% as much IFN as the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from which they were prepared. When lymphocytes were supplemented with as little as 2% monocytes, IFN production increased two- to eightfold; with the addition of up to 20% monocytes, IFN production increased further, to levels approximating those of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Monocytes alone produced no or very little IFN. Macrophages were derived from monocytes by culturing in vitro for 7 days. The addition of 2 to 5% autologous macrophages augmented IFN production to the same extent as 2 to 5% monocytes. However, more macrophages consistently resulted in less, rather than more, IFN, so that lymphocytes with 20% monocytes produced three- to eightfold more IFN than did lymphocytes with 20% macrophages. Thus, whereas the addition of monocytes over a broad dose-response range (2 to 20%) progressively augmented IFN production, macrophages showed an optimal effect at 2 to 5%, with higher percentages being inhibitory. The IFN induced by stimulation with staphylococcal enterotoxin A was characterized as IFN-gamma by its resistance to neutralization by antibody to IFN- alpha and its inability to induce antiviral protection in embryonic bovine trachea cells.
Filters With Inductance Cancellation Using Printed Circuit Board Transformers (2004)

Capacitor parasitic inductance often limits the high-frequency performance of filters for power applications. However, these limitations can be overcome through the use of specially-coupled magnetic windings that effectively nullify the capacitor parasitic inductance. This paper explores the use of printed circuit board (PCB) transformers to realize parasitic inductance cancellation of filter capacitors. Design of such inductance cancellation transformers is explored, and applicable design rules are established and experimentally validated. The high performance of the proposed inductance cancellation technology is demonstrated in an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter design.
TCP Boston: a fragmentation-tolerant TCP protocol for ATM networks (2002)

We propose a new transport protocol, TCP Boston, that turns the ATM's 53-byte cell-oriented switching architecture into an advantage for TCP/IP. At the core of TCP Boston is the adaptive information dispersal algorithm (AIDA), an efficient encoding technique that allows for dynamic redundancy control. AIDA makes the TCP/IP's performance less sensitive to cell losses, thus ensuring a graceful degradation of the TCP/IP's performance when faced with congested resources. We introduce AIDA and overview the main features of TCP Boston. We present detailed simulation results that show the superiority of our protocol when compared to other adaptations of TCP/IP over ATMs.
Superoxide Dismutase – A Target for Gene Therapeutic Approach to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Erectile Dysfunction (2009)

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to attain and/or maintain penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathophysiology of age- or diabetes-related ED. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme catalyzing the conversion of superoxide anion (O(2) (-)) to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and molecular oxygen (O(2)), is a promising therapeutic target for ED. In vivo gene therapy and adult stem cell-based ex vivo gene therapy are two attractive current gene therapies for the treatment of ED. In this chapter we describe the use of two potent gene transfer techniques to deliver the therapeutic gene extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) into the penis of aged or diabetic rats for therapy of ED: adenoviral-mediated intracavernosal ecSOD gene transfer for gene therapy of ED and ecSOD gene-modified marrow stromal cells, also known as mesenchymal stem cells, based stem cell and gene therapy.
<title>Programmable manufacturing technique of long-focal-length microlens arrays</title> (1994)

Long-focal-length microlens arrays is one of the main components of the Shack- Hartmann type wavefront sensor. For an application in astronomy we have developed a specific microlens manufacturing process based on photolithographic techniques. At first, in this paper, we briefly report on the procedure and we highlight the programmable possibilities according to scientific and technical specifications. Secondly, we describe the different studies we have worked out to improve the technique and determine its limitations. Finally, the results of mechanical and optical tests are compared with computing simulations in order to qualify the microlens arrays manufactured through this technique. In conclusion, the technique we have developed in our laboratory is fast and reliable; the microlenses manufactured with this procedure are diffraction-limited. This photolithographic technique is easy to transfer to an industrial manufacturing environment, each step of the process being programmable.
Fractomechanical Properties of As-Cast and Austempered SG Cast Iron Between -40 °C and +20 °C (2002)

The spheroidal graphite (SG) cast iron fractomechanical response varies with the test temperature and with the microstructure parameters. In the present paper, we analyze this variation performing fractomechanical tests in a temperature range from -40°C to +20°C, doing also Charpy and tensile tests for material characterization. The tests were carried out on as-cast samples and heat treated samples to obtain an ADI grade 1. In both cases, we studied samples taken from two well differentiated "Y" block sizes. The results obtained show that, for the chemical composition analyzed, both castings have a fractomechanical response decrease as the temperature diminishes. Besides, the block size enlargement produce a deterioration of the mechanical properties (the fracture toughness, mainly), for both castings.
SYNTHESIS OF 2,2-BIS[4-HYDROXY-3,5-DIIODOPHENYL] PROPANE (1965)

The titled compound (tetraiodobisphenol-A) was synthesized by the action of iodine on 2,2-bis[4-hydroxy-phenyl]propane (bisphenol-A) in aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution at room temperature.The tetraiodobisphenol-A is a colourless crystalline substance, melting at 271—272° (decompn.). It reacts with epichlorohydrin to give a deep-brown resin.
Systemic adverse reactions in young Simmental calves following administration of a combination vaccine. (1997)

Combination vaccines containing viral and bacterial antigens are commonly used in veterinary practice and have been associated with adverse reactions. A group of young Simmental calves developed fever and depression following administration of a mixed vaccine, and 1 died with pulmonary edema, suggesting that endotoxins or other bacterial components may interact synergistically with some adjuvants to cause an enhanced pathologic inflammatory response in some individuals.
Centrally Administered Calcium Increases the Maximum Vagal Activation of Baroreceptor Reflex Control of Heart Rate in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1997)

Baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate (HR) was examined before and 15 min after intracerebroventricular infusion (i.c.v.) of 10 microliters of high-Ca2+ solution (Ca2+, 16.3 mM) in conscious spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The slope of the individual regression line of the relation between reflex HR changes (delta HR) and changes in mean arterial pressure (delta MAP) produced by bolus injections of phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside (delta HR/delta MAP; beats/min/ mm Hg) for bradycardia was significantly less in SHR (-0.60 +/- 0.30; n = 10) than in WKY (-1.78 +/- 0.27; n = 10; p < 0.01) at baseline. The slope increased in SHR during administration of high Ca2+ to -1.39 +/- 0.17 (p < 0.01) but not in WKY: In contrast, no significant changes were observed for the reflex tachycardia both in SHR (n = 7) and WKY (n = 10). Further, we analyzed sigmoidal MAP-HR reflex curves in SHR with i.c.v. of either high Ca2+ (n = 6) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; n = 5). Administration of high Ca2+ reduced the bradycardic plateau and increased HR range without changes in average gain. Our results suggest a modulatory role for central Ca2+ in the baroreceptor reflex control of HR in SHR.
The acute anti‐craving effect of acamprosate in alcohol‐preferring rats is associated with modulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system (2005)

Acamprosate (Campral) is a drug used clinically for the treatment of alcoholism. In order to examine further the time-course and mechanism of action of acamprosate, the effect of acute and repeated acamprosate administration was examined on (i) operant ethanol self-administration and (ii) voluntary home cage ethanol consumption by alcohol-preferring Fawn-Hooded, iP and Alko Alcohol (AA) rats. Acutely, acamprosate was shown to cause a significant decrease in operant ethanol self-administration by Fawn-Hooded and alcohol-preferring iP rats in part by decreasing the motivational relevance of a specific ethanol cue; however, repeated injection of acamprosate led to tolerance to this effect. Voluntary alcohol consumption in the home cage in Fawn-Hooded and AA rats was also reduced by an acute acamprosate injection; however, again tolerance developed to repeated injections. In a separate experiment, the effect of acamprosate on markers of the dopaminergic system was examined. Interestingly, acute acamprosate was also shown to cause increased dopamine transporter density and decreased dopamine D2-like receptor density within the nucleus accumbens but not in the caudate-putamen, suggesting a link between the decreased motivational salience of the ethanol cue and altered dopaminergic signalling within the nucleus accumbens. With repeated injections of acamprosate, markers of the dopaminergic system returned to steady state levels with a similar temporal profile to the development of tolerance in the behavioural studies. Along with previous studies, our findings indicate that acamprosate modulates the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and may thereby decrease ethanol reinforcement processes; however, these effects undergo tolerance in alcohol-preferring rats and may in part explain the fact why some subjects are non-responders to chronic acamprosate treatment.
Development of a Real-Time Radiological Area Monitoring Network for Emergency Response at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2004)

A real-time radiological sensor network for emergency response was developed and deployed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The Real-Time Radiological Area Monitoring (RTRAM) network is comprised of 16 Geiger-Mueller (GM) sensors positioned on the LLNL Livermore site perimeter to continuously monitor for a radiological condition resulting from a terrorist threat to site security and the health and safety of LLNL personnel. The RTRAM network sensor locations coincide with wind sector directions to provide thorough coverage of the one square mile site. These low-power sensors are supported by a central command center (CCC) and transmit measurement data back to the CCC computer through the LLNL telecommunications infrastructure. Alarm conditions are identified by comparing current data to predetermined threshold parameters and are validated by comparison with plausible dispersion modeling scenarios and prevailing meteorological conditions. Emergency response personnel are notified of alarm conditions by automatic radio and computer based notifications. A secure intranet provides emergency response personnel with current condition assessment data that enable them to direct field response efforts remotely. The RTRAM network has proven to be a reliable system since initial deployment in August 2001 and maintains stability during inclement weather conditions.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-isolobophytolide and (.+-.)-crassin by titanium-induced carbonyl coupling (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-isolobophytolide and (.+-.)-crassin by titanium-induced carbonyl couplingJohn E. McMurry and Russell G. DushinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 19, 6942–6949Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00175a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00175a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1327Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimum crystallographic orientation of submicrometer CMOS devices operated at low temperatures (1987)

The dependence of submicrometer-channel CMOS performance on surface orientation is measured for LDD devices at both 300 and 77 K. Special emphasis is placed on determining the optimum crystalline plane for CMOS operating at low temperatures (CRYO-CMOS). A comparison of transistor parameters is experimentally made between