gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incremental algorithms for closeness centrality (2013)

Centrality metrics have shown to be highly correlated with the importance and loads of the nodes within the network traffic. In this work, we provide fast incremental algorithms for closeness centrality computation. Our algorithms efficiently compute the closeness centrality values upon changes in network topology, i.e., edge insertions and deletions. We show that the proposed techniques are efficient on many real-life networks, especially on small-world networks, which have a small diameter and spike-shaped shortest distance distribution. We experimentally validate the efficiency of our algorithms on large-scale networks and show that they can update the closeness centrality values of 1.2 million authors in the temporal DBLP-coauthorship network 460 times faster than it would take to recompute them from scratch.
THE PAIRWISE SORTING NETWORK (1992)

A new sorting network with exactly the same size and depth as the odd-even sorting network is presented. This sorting network is designed using the zero-one principle, and proceeds by first sorting pairs of bits and then sorting the pairs into lexicographic order.
Single-Molecule Identification by Spectrally and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Detection (1999)

A method to identify single molecules rapidly and with high efficiency based on simple probability considerations is proposed. In principle, any property of a detected photon in a single-molecule fluorescence experiment, e.g., emission wavelength, arrival time after pulsed excitation, and polarization, can be analyzed within the framework of the outlined methodology. Monte Carlo simulations show that less than 500 photons are needed to assign an observed single molecule to one out of four species with a confidence level higher than 99.9%. We show that single dye molecules of four different dyes embedded in a polymer film can be identified with time-correlated single-photon counting spectrally resolved in two channels.
Efficient isolation and mapping of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> T‐DNA insert junctions by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (1995)

Thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL-) PCR is an efficient technique for amplifying insert ends from yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) and P1 clones. Highly specific amplification is achieved without resort to complex manipulations before or after PCR. The adaptation of this method for recovery and mapping of genomic sequences flanking T-DNA insertions in Arabidopsis thaliana is described. Insertion-specific products were amplified from 183 of 190 tested T-DNA insertion lines. Reconstruction experiments indicate that the technique can recover single-copy sequences from genomes as complex as common wheat (1.5 x 10(10) bp). RFLPs were screened using 122 unique flanking sequence probes, and the insertion sites of 26 T-DNA transgenic lines were determined on an RFLP map. These lines, whose mapped T-DNA insertions confer hygromycin resistance, can be used for fine-scale mapping of linked phenotypic loci.
Dynamics of the Elongation of Internodes in Maize (Zea mays L.): Analysis of Phases of Elongation and their Relationships to Phytomer Development (2000)

The kinetics of elongation of individual internodes of maize stems were studied under field conditions. Thermal time courses of internode length were recorded using non-destructive methods, based on direct measurement of X-ray photographs or on indirect estimates using heights of leaf collars. These data were complemented by serial dissections of maize stems, and by precise observation of the process of sheath emergence, to specify its role in the kinetics of internode elongation. The kinetics of elongation were found to be composed of four phases. The rate of elongation rises exponentially during phase I, and then increases sharply during a short period (phase II), which is followed by a major period of constant growth rate (phase III) and a shorter period in which the rate declines (phase IV). During phase I, elongation appears to be integrated at the level of the whole apical cone. From phase II onwards, elongation becomes determined at the level of the phytomer. The emergence of the sheath attached to the internode appears to be a possible trigger for the transition between phase I and phase II, and it may also be involved in variation in final length among phytomers. Copyright 2000 Annals of Botany Company
Fast and accurate texture placement (1997)

Mapping from parameter space to texture space separates textures from objects, enabling control of textured images without modifying the object or texture. Although conceptually straightforward, /spl gamma/-mapping turns out to be very useful in practical texture mapping implementation. It logically separates the texture from the object and makes the texture mapping process flexible and easier to use. By modifying the /spl gamma/-mapping, texture placement on the object is efficiently controlled without modifying either the texture image or the underlying geometry. We concentrate on efficiency issues related to /spl gamma/-mapping, as well as its practical applications to parametric surfaces.
CellPAD: Detecting Performance Anomalies in Cellular Networks via Regression Analysis (2018)

How to accurately detect Key Performance Indicator (KPI) anomalies is a critical issue in cellular network management. We present CellPAD, a unified performance anomaly detection framework for KPI time-series data. CellPAD realizes simple statistical modeling and machine-learning-based regression for anomaly detection; in particular, it specifically takes into account seasonality and trend components as well as supports automated prediction model retraining based on prior detection results. We demonstrate how CellPAD detects two types of anomalies of practical interest, namely sudden drops and correlation changes, based on a large-scale real-world KPI dataset collected from a metropolitan LTE network. We explore various prediction algorithms and feature selection strategies, and provide insights into how regression analysis can make automated and accurate KPI anomaly detection viable.
I<sup>2</sup>L II (1975)

Present I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L devices are limited in usable speed and current gain by the low performance of the inverse NPN transistor made with conventional bipolar processes. This report discusses new I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L structure variations that overcome these limitations. In addition, a new process is described where the intended isolation regions are anodized to form a conduction barrier. This new I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L II Process has already yielded NPN transistors with h <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FE</inf> = 250 and f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> = 250MHz and is expected to extend I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L further into the high end of the speed power curve with f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> > 500MHz and propagation delays of 5ns.
Airway smooth muscle chemokine receptor expression and function in asthma (2009)

Our findings suggest that the chemokine receptors CXCR1, 3 and 4 modulate some aspects of ASM function but their importance in asthma is uncertain.
Erasure Coding for Cloud Storage Systems： A Survey (2013)

In the current era of cloud computing, data stored in the cloud is being generated at a tremendous speed, and thus the cloud storage system has become one of the key components in cloud computing. By storing a substantial amount of data in commodity disks inside the data center that hosts the cloud, the cloud storage system must consider one question very carefully: how do we store data reliably with a high efficiency in terms of both storage overhead and data integrity? Though it is easy to store replicated data to tolerate a certain amount of data losses, it suffers from a very low storage efficiency. Conventional erasure coding techniques, such as Reed-Solomon codes, are able to achieve a much lower storage cost with the same level of tolerance against disk failures. However, it incurs much higher repair costs, not to mention an even higher access latency. In this sense, designing new coding techniques for cloud storage systems has gained a significant amount of attention in both academia and the industry. In this paper, we examine the existing results of coding techniques for cloud storage systems. Specifically, we present these coding techniques into two categories: regenerating codes and locally repairable codes. These two kinds of codes meet the requirements of cloud storage along two different axes: optimizing bandwidth and I/O overhead. We present an overview of recent advances in these two categories of coding techniques. Moreover, we introduce the main ideas of some specific coding techniques at a high level, and discuss their motivations and performance.
Wide-angle scanning wide-band phased array antennas (2009)

Many neurocognitive studies on the role of motor structures in action-language processing have implicitly adopted a "dictionary-like" framework within which lexical meaning is constructed on the basis of an invariant set of semantic features. The debate has thus been centered on the question of whether motor activation is an integral part of the lexical semantics (embodied theories) or the result of a post-lexical construction of a situation model (disembodied theories). However, research in psycholinguistics show that lexical semantic processing and context-dependent meaning construction are narrowly integrated. An understanding of the role of motor structures in action-language processing might thus be better achieved by focusing on the linguistic contexts under which such structures are recruited. Here, we therefore analyzed online modulations of grip force while subjects listened to target words embedded in different linguistic contexts. When the target word was a hand action verb and when the sentence focused on that action (John signs the contract) an early increase of grip force was observed. No comparable increase was detected when the same word occurred in a context that shifted the focus toward the agent's mental state (John wants to sign the contract). There mere presence of an action word is thus not sufficient to trigger motor activation. Moreover, when the linguistic context set up a strong expectation for a hand action, a grip force increase was observed even when the tested word was a pseudo-verb. The presence of a known action word is thus not required to trigger motor activation. Importantly, however, the same linguistic contexts that sufficed to trigger motor activation with pseudo-verbs failed to trigger motor activation when the target words were verbs with no motor action reference. Context is thus not by itself sufficient to supersede an "incompatible" word meaning. We argue that motor structure activation is part of a dynamic process that integrates the lexical meaning potential of a term and the context in the online construction of a situation model, which is a crucial process for fluent and efficient online language comprehension.
Transfer-free growth of graphene on SiO2 insulator substrate from sputtered carbon and nickel films (2013)

Here we demonstrate the growth of transfer-free graphene on SiO2 insulator substrates from sputtered carbon and metal layers with rapid thermal processing in the same evacuation. It was found that graphene always grows atop the stack and in close contact with the Ni. Raman spectra typical of high quality exfoliated monolayer graphene were obtained for samples under optimised conditions with monolayer surface coverage of up to 40% and overall graphene surface coverage of over 90%. Transfer-free graphene is produced on SiO2 substrates with the removal of Ni in acid when Ni thickness is below 100 nm, which effectively eliminates the need to transfer graphene from metal to insulator substrates and paves the way to mass production of graphene directly on insulator substrates. The characteristics of Raman spectrum depend on the size of Ni grains, which in turn depend on the thickness of Ni, layer deposition sequence of the stack and RTP temperature. The mechanism of the transfer-free growth process was studied by AFM in combination with Raman. A model is proposed to depict the graphene growth process. Results also suggest a monolayer self-limiting growth for graphene on individual Ni grains.
Nanosecond laser pulse-induced electron emission from multiwall carbon nanotube film (2007)

Electron emission from multiwall carbon nanotube film induced by the irradiation of the second, third and fourth harmonics of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was studied as a function of applied voltage and irradiation energy. The experimental result at 266 nm showed a one-photon field-assisted photoemission mechanism at low laser energy and a thermal contribution at higher energy. At 355 and 532 nm wavelengths, the emission seems to be due to thermal assisted field emission.
Cathodic Deposition and Characterization of Metallic or Semiconducting Binary Alloys or Compounds (1978)

The conditions to be met to achieve cathodic deposition of compounds or alloys of well‐defined stoichiometric composition are discussed. If the deposition rate constants of the components are of the same order, two classes of codeposition have to be distinguished, differing in whether the difference in electrode potential of the individual components is larger (class I) or smaller (class II) than the shift in electrode potential of either component as a result of compound or alloy formation. In the former case the potential of the deposit is determined by the less noble component over the entire composition range, the deposition potential shifting monotonically with composition. In the latter case the role of potential‐determining species may shift from one component to the other at an intermediate composition, the deposition potential at this composition being more positive than that of either of the components when deposited individually. For class I , quasi rest potentials uniquely characterize the deposits. For class II different deposits may have the same quasi rest potential. Compounds are stable in electrolytes with large concentrations of the normal ions of one of the components in the absence of nonmetal complexes necessary to make cathodic deposition of the compounds possible. If the potential is not determined by adsorbed noncomponent species, the potentials are determined by the normal ions, the concentrations of which are linked by solubility products.
Ultrahigh thermoelectric performance in Cu<sub>2</sub>Se-based hybrid materials with highly dispersed molecular CNTs (2017)

By utilizing the interaction between Cu and CNTs, a record-high <italic>zT</italic> of 2.4 has been achieved in Cu<sub>2</sub>Se/CNT hybrid materials.
Trapping of oxygen vacancy at grain boundary and its correlation with local atomic configuration and resultant excess energy in barium titanate: A systematic computational analysis (2010)

Atomic structures of [001] symmetric tilt grain boundaries (GBs) and their influences on the trapping of oxygen vacancies at GBs in barium titanate $({\text{BaTiO}}_{3})$ were analyzed using static atomistic simulation techniques. It is found that the structures are determined to minimize the deficiency in the coordination numbers of ${\text{Ti}}^{4+}$ ions and to suppress the structural distortion in the vicinity of the GBs. The excess energy of the GB is dependent on the number density of the coordination-deficient ${\text{Ti}}^{4+}$ ions, indicating that the ionic bonds between ${\text{Ti}}^{4+}$ and ${\text{O}}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$ ions are responsible for structural stabilization of GB. It is also found that the GB plays an important role in trapping oxygen vacancies, which acts as a resistance against the oxygen vacancy's diffusion. The trapping originates from the presence of irregular ${\text{O}}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$ sites, where oxygen vacancies energetically prefer to reside, influenced by coordination environment. Based on the detailed analyses on origins of GB energy and the trapping in the vicinity of GB, new physical ground that correlates GB energy and capability of oxygen-vacancy trapping are provided, enabling us to predict how much vacancies can be trapped at GBs on the atomic level by micrometer-order measurement of GB energy. Electrical degradation of the ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$ dielectrics used for multilayer ceramic capacitors can be prevented through controlling the characteristics of the GBs to promote oxygen-vacancy trapping at GBs in polycrystalline materials via modifying materials synthesis procedures.
Upper airway collapsibility, and contractile and metabolic characteristics of musculus uvulae (1996)

Physiologic, metabolic, and histochemical characteristics of one upper airway (UA) dilator muscle (musculus uvulae; MU) differ between sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) and nonapneic snorers. We hypothesized that these differences in MU characteristics could result from the cumulative effects of the diurnal and nocturnal intermittent contractions of UA muscles in order to compensate for a permanent increase in UA collapsibility. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of UA collapsibility on MU characteristics. Seventeen SAHS and three nonapneic snorers, who underwent an uvulo-palato-pharyngoplasty as a treatment for snoring or SAHS, participated in the study. Awake and sleeping UA critical pressure (Pcrit) was measured during continuous positive or negative airway pressure trials by analysis of the relationship between maximal inspiratory flow and the upstream pressure of flow-limited breathing cycles. Maximum isometric twitch (Pt) and tetanic tension (Po), fatigability measurements, activities of marker enzymes for anaerobic and aerobic-oxidative profile, and fiber type proportions and areas of MU were determined. There was a significant positive relationship between Pt, Po, and Pcrit measured during wakefulness and sleep. The fatigability index was negatively correlated with awake Pcrit values (r = -0.79). Activity level of the anaerobic enzymes as well as the percentage of surface occupied by type I and type IIA muscle fibers as correlated witb awake Pcrit. We conclude that the differences in awake UA collapsibility help to determine the contractile properties and metabolic and histochemical characteristics of MU.
Signal Transduction Targets Involved in Fibroproliferative Vascular Diseases (1997)

Abstract: Proliferation and directed migration of vascular cells are key components in fibroproliferative vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the control of vascular cell proliferation or migration at the tissue level remain largely undefined. Molecules contributing to these processes are elaborated by distinct cell types and act in both autocrine and paracrine modes. They include two broad classes, polypeptide growth factors and vasoactive G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Examples of the former, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), bind to and activate cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases, initiating intracellular biochemical signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation or migration. In contrast, recent evidence suggests that vasoactive GPCR agonists [e.g. angiotensin II (All), endothelin-1 (ET-I), a- thrombin] elicit cell growth indirectly by inducing the production of autocrine or paracrine factors in vascular cells. This review summarizes recent studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in vascular smooth muscle cell growth control as well as provides information on possible therapeutic targets in this active area of vascular biological research.
Model-based re-engineering in the European construction industry (1996)

Due to increasing competition, the European construction industry is forced to improve their business processes and support them with integrated information systems. Approaches for Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) from stationary industries need to be adapted to the specific requirements of the construction industry. For being successful, BPR requires the use of powerful methods, tools and procedures. The Architecture of Integrated Information Systems (ARIS) is presented as a framework for BPR, integrating business aspects with IT development. BPR projects can be improved by the use of pre-defined industry-specific reference models. The application of the ARIS framework to the construction industry is currently demonstrated in the European research project CORE (Construction Companies Processes Re-engineering). The CORE approach and its results are demonstrated with examples from project planning and management.
The influence of nitrogen concentration and salinity of recirculating solutions on the early-season vigour and productivity of glasshouse tomatoes (1983)

SummaryThe growth and productivity of a three-truss crop of glasshouse tomatoes were compared in nutrient solutions containing three N levels (30, 60 and 120 ppm) at each of three salinities (1000, 2 000 and 4 000 mS cm-1). Raising the N level markedly increased vegetative vigour (measured as stem diameter) and total yield. Fruit quality and the time to first pick were not influenced by the N concentrations and salinities used. The number of fruits per plant and fruit size were increased by raising the concentration of N but not by salinity. The inclusion of 13.3% of the total N in ammonium form to the soft water supply successfully controlled solution pH and was not detrimental either to growth or fruit quality.
Convection-enhanced delivery in the treatment of malignant glioma (2006)

Despite advancements in glioma therapy, median survival remains low because of rapid post-resection recurrence. A regional method of drug delivery to address local invasion may improve clinical outcomes. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a novel therapy that allows distribution of substances throughout the interstitium via positive-pressure infusion. Studies using various agents have investigated the parameters that affect CED including infusion rate, cannula size, infusion volume, extracellular space, particle characteristics and tumor tissue structure. We review models of small animal glioma that have been successfully treated using different substances administered through CED, particularly our favorable results using topotecan in a C6 rat glioma model. We also review Phase I/II trials utilizing CED which have shown promising response rates and acceptable safety profiles. Future studies should include prospective clinical trials and investigation of novel antitumor agents that are ineffective with systemic delivery. Development of a large animal glioma model would enhance pre-clinical investigation of CED. Clinically, methods to monitor distribution of therapeutic agents and real-time patient response should likewise be explored.