gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-cost sequential ATPG with clock-control DFT (2002)

We present a new clock-control DFT technique for sequential circuits, based on clock partitioning and selective clock freezing, and we use it to break the global feedback loops and to generate clock waves to test the resulting sequential circuit with self-loops. Clock waves allow us to significantly reduce the complexity of sequential ATPG. Unlike scan, our non-intrusive DFT technique does not introduce any delay penalty; the generated tests may be applied at speed, have shorter application time, and dissipate less power.
Functionalized Mesoporous Silica with Very Large Pores for Cellulase Immobilization (2010)

Organo-functionalized FDU-12 type silicas exhibiting large pore sizes and ordered mesoporous structures were synthesized at low reaction (15 °C) and high hydrothermal (160 °C) temperatures via the co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with a suite of organosilanes, i.e., 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS), and phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS), in the presence of structure directing micelles formed using the surfactant pluronic F127 and the pore enlarging reagent trimethylbenzene (TMB). Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that all synthesized materials possessed a face-centered cubic mesostructure (space group Fm3̅m), while nitrogen sorption analyses showed that the synthesized materials had extra large pores with cavity sizes of up to 25.4 nm and entrance sizes of up to 10.8 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and 13C solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-MAS NMR) measurements verified the incorporation of the different organosilanes into the silica network and more importantly on the inner and outer surfaces of the materials. As-obtained mesoporous silicas were tested in protein immobilization studies using bovine serum albumin and the cellulose-hydrolyzing enzyme cellulase, which in itself is a mixture of three large enzymes. Enzyme immobilization efficiency, activity, and stability varied significantly with organic functionality due to size exclusion effects at pore entries, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the organo-functionalized surfaces and the enzymes, and conformational changes of the enzymes which can occur on some of the material surfaces. As a result, phenyl (PTMS)- and thiol (MPTMS)-functionalized FDU-12 mesoporous silicas had a very low adsorption capacity of proteins because of their small pore sizes. Amino (APTES)-functionalized FDU-12 mesoporous silica showed the highest adsorption amount of proteins yet the lowest activity of immobilized cellulase. Cellulase immobilization on vinyl (VTMS)-functionalized FDU-12 mesoporous silica appeared to be the most promising approach, since it occurred with high efficiency, maintained enzyme activity, and provided temporal enzyme stability.
Guerbet chemistry (2001)

Abstract Although the chemistry named after Marcel Guerbet was developed over 100 yr ago, Guerbet alcohols, Guerbet acids, and derivatives based upon them remain a topic of continued interest because of their (i) unique branching pattern, both in terms of size of the branch group and purity of the compounds, (ii) oxidative stability, and (iii) liquidity of the products. This review article is offered to demonstrate the diversity of chemistry possible using these materials and the large variety of applications for which these compounds are useful.
Can synthetic aperture techniques be applied to optical lithography? (1996)

This article discusses the theoretical feasibility of applying optical aperture synthesis to lithography. A technique involving the insertion of three phase gratings into a conventional projection system is described. While this approach paraxially yields imaging with doubled spatial bandwidth, aberrations introduced by the gratings are shown to be a serious limitation. Image simulations demonstrated that for very restricted pattern types, resolution down to 0.1 μm is theoretically achievable.
Liver X Receptor Agonist Treatment Ameliorates Amyloid Pathology and Memory Deficits Caused by High-Fat Diet in APP23 Mice (2010)

High-fat diet and certain dietary patterns are associated with higher incidence of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline. However, no specific therapy has been suggested to ameliorate the negative effects of high fat/high cholesterol levels on cognition and amyloid pathology. Here we show that in 9-month-old APP23 mice, a high-fat/high-cholesterol (HF) diet provided for 4 months exacerbates the AD phenotype evaluated by behavioral, morphological, and biochemical assays. To examine the therapeutic potential of liver X receptor (LXR) ligands, APP23 mice were fed HF diet supplemented with synthetic LXR agonist T0901317 (T0). Our results demonstrate that LXR ligand treatment causes a significant reduction of memory deficits observed during both acquisition and retention phases of the Morris water maze. Moreover, the effects of T0 on cognition correlate with AD-like morphological and biochemical parameters. We found a significant decrease in amyloid plaque load, insoluble Abeta and soluble Abeta oligomers. In vitro experiments with primary glia demonstrate that Abca1 is essential for the proper lipidation of ApoE and mediates the effects of T0 on Abeta degradation by microglia. Microdialysis experiments performed on awake freely moving mice showed that T0 decreased Abeta levels in the interstitial fluid of the hippocampus, supporting the conclusion that this treatment increases Abeta clearance. The data presented conclusively shows that LXR activation in the context of a metabolic challenge has critical effects on AD phenotype progression by attenuating Abeta deposition and facilitating its clearance.
Differential evolution algorithm for supply chain inventory planning (2005)

Purpose This paper discusses the inventory planning of a supply chain, which consists of a manufacturer, distributor and retailer. Design/methodology/approach The differential evolution algorithm is developed to minimize the total system‐wide cost, which consists of supply chain inventory capital, supply chain ordering/set‐up cost and supply chain stock‐out cost. Findings The differential evolution algorithm helps in determining ordering/production quantity and inventory/service level that should be maintained by each member of the supply chain. Originality/value The algorithm developed is useful in increasing the customer service level and in decreasing the inventory level throughout the supply chain.
High conductivity materials systems for advanced hybrids (2003)

Two materials systems developed to meet the circuit density, cost, and reliability requirements of the future are discussed. High conductivity, high-resolution copper and silver-bearing conductors, dielectrics meeting more stringent reliability requirements, and resistors demonstrating excellent post trim stability are elements of these systems. The technology used in these systems is considered, with particular emphasis on new conductor and dielectric materials. Reliability data showing twenty-year operating life predictions are presented. Materials technology and its relationship to the reliability of hybrids are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Pd(NHC)(PR3)] Complexes: Versatile Tools for Tandem Dehydrogenation-Hydrogenation Processes (2013)

Homogeneous Pd(0) complexes are powerful tools for numerous catalytic reactions. Recent work has demonstrated the unique properties displayed by [Pd(NHC)(PR<sub>3</sub>)] catalysts in the activation of ammonia borane (AB) and formic acid, with the subsequent formation of hydrogen. An understanding of the mechanism allowed for the design of a new dehydrogenation–hydrogenation tandem process using ‘hydrogen storage materials’<i>.</i> The hydrogenations of alkenes and alkynes were successfully performed at low catalyst loadings of Pd(0) species and mild conditions. Such tandem process represents a safe and innovative alternative to classic hydrogenation protocols.
STATES OF AMINO ACID RESIDUES IN PROTEINS. 3. HISTIDINE RESIDUES IN INSULIN, LYSOZYME, ALBUMIN AND PROTEINASES AS DETERMINED WITH A NEW REAGENT OF DIAZO-I-H-TETRAZOLE. (1964)

A new coupling reagent, diazonium- i -H-tetrazole, for spectrophorometric determination of histidine residues in proteins was explored and applied to several proteins. The reagent has the following characteristics advantageous to the determination and is superior to common diazonium compounds. (a) Histidinebisazo- i -H-tetrazole, which is the reaction product to be determined spectrophotometrically, has a strong absorption band at 480 mμ, while tyrosinebisazo- i -H-tetrazole has a weaker band at a considerably longer wavelength, 550 mμ. (b) The coloration due to the formation of biazohistidine residues proceeds to completion before the bis coupling to tyrosine residues. (c) The reagent does not afford colored by-products during its reactions with amino acids or proteins at alkaline pH, so that one can use a high concentration of reagent necessary to determine the end point of coloration. Because of these characteristics, one can determined the molar histidine content simply by absorption photometry at 480 mμ of reaction mixtures of protein and the reagent. The reagent reacts uniformly with all of the histidine residues in bacitracin, lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17), insulin, albumin and trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4). On the other hand, the reactions with the histidine residues in trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and α-chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.4.5) proceed in two steps, in which the reaction in the second step at higher reagent concentrations is due to the coupling to bound histidine residues. The moles of bound residues in the latter proteins were determined and discussed referring to the data obtained previously with other reagents.
A Bayesian hierarchical model to detect differentially methylated loci from single nucleotide resolution sequencing data (2014)

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that has essential roles in cellular processes including gene regulation, development and disease and is widely dysregulated in most types of cancer. Recent advances in sequencing technology have enabled the measurement of DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution through methods such as whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. In DNA methylation studies, a key task is to identify differences under distinct biological contexts, for example, between tumor and normal tissue. A challenge in sequencing studies is that the number of biological replicates is often limited by the costs of sequencing. The small number of replicates leads to unstable variance estimation, which can reduce accuracy to detect differentially methylated loci (DML). Here we propose a novel statistical method to detect DML when comparing two treatment groups. The sequencing counts are described by a lognormal-beta-binomial hierarchical model, which provides a basis for information sharing across different CpG sites. A Wald test is developed for hypothesis testing at each CpG site. Simulation results show that the proposed method yields improved DML detection compared to existing methods, particularly when the number of replicates is low. The proposed method is implemented in the Bioconductor package DSS.
Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Guajakharzes 1. Mitt.: Das Prinzip der Blaufärbungsreaktion (1966)

Abstract Der Hauptbestandteil des Guajakharzes, die sogenannte „Guajaconsäure”︁, gibt mit Oxydationsmitteln eine Blaufärbung, die trotz ihrer Unbeständigkeit häufig analytisch ausgenutzt wird. Die Blaufärbungsreaktion wurde mit der Oxydationsreaktion von synthetisch dargestelltem Furoguajacin (V) verglichen. Der ähnliche Verlauf der Oxydation, Chromatogramme, UV‐und IR‐Spektren zeigen, daß beide Reaktionen auf dem gleichen Prinzip beruhen.
Proxy-Guided Texture Synthesis for Rendering Natural Scenes (2010)

Landscapes and other natural scenes are easy to photograph but difficult to model and render. We present a proxy-guided pipeline which allows for simple 3D proxy geometry to be rendered with the rich visual detail found in a suitably pre-annotated example image. This greatly simplifies the geometric modeling and texture mapping of such scenes. Our method renders at near-interactive rates and is designed by carefully adapting guidancebased texture synthesis to our goals. A guidance-map synthesis step is used to obtain silhouettes and borders that have the same rich detail as the source photo, using a Chamfer distance metric as a principled way of dealing with discrete texture labels. We adapt an efficient parallel approach to the challenging guided synthesis step we require, providing a fast and scalable solution. We provide a solution for local temporal coherence, by introducing a reprojection algorithm, which reuses earlier synthesis results when feasible, as measured by a distortion metric. Our method allows for the consistent integration of standard CG elements with the texture-synthesized elements. We demonstrate near-interactive camera motion and landscape editing on a number of examples.
Identifying key genes associated with acute myocardial infarction (2017)

A total of 41 DEGs, such as SOCS3, VAPA, and COL5A2, are speculated to have roles in the pathogenesis of AMI; 2 transcription factors FOXO3 and MYBL2, and 2 miRNAs hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-30c-5p may be involved in the regulation of the expression of these DEGs.
The electrical conductivity of polypropylene and nickel‐coated carbon fiber composite (1992)

Abstract The effect of filler content, temperature, and frequency of the applied electric field on DC and AC electrical conductivities of composites of nickel‐coated carbon fibers and polypropylene are considered. The impedance behavior and the dielectric properties of these composites were studied in the low frequency range 10 Hz–30 kHz. It was found that the volume electrical resistivity shows filler content and temperature dependence. The calculated activation energy of the thermal rate‐process decreases with the filler concentration, while the shielding effectiveness increases. The overall observed permittivity of the composites increases with the filler concentration, and the dielectric behavior is discussed in terms of the space charge, electronic and interfacial polarization within the covered frequency range. It was observed that the AC conductivity is nearly independent of the frequency below 100 Hz and increases with frequency above this range. Finally, it was concluded that addition of nickel‐coated carbon fibers could alter the electrical conduction mechanism and the polarization process of the polymeric matrix.
6.4: A Clockembedded Voltage Differential Signaling CVDS for the ChipOnGlass Application of TFTLCD (2010)

Abstract An intrapanel interface for the ChipOnGlass COG application is developed using a Clockembedded Voltage Differential Signaling CVDS. The proposed interface adopts an embedded clock scheme to eliminate the skew between data and clock signals. The transmitter and receiver for the proposed interface are equipped with the transition compensator and equalizer to overcome the frequency limitation caused by highly resistive LineOnGlass LOG of the COG application. The maximum data rate per pair is measured as high as 780Mbps at the prototype with the refresh rate up to 105Hz. The proposed interface achieves low electromagnetic interference EMI and low power consumption. The power consumption of the proposed interface is reduced by 50% compared to the conventional interfaces for the COG application.
Verified correctness and security of OpenSSL HMAC (2015)

We have proved, with machine-checked proofs in Coq, that an OpenSSL implementation of HMAC with SHA- 256 correctly implements its FIPS functional specification and that its functional specification guarantees the expected cryptographic properties. This is the first machine-checked cryptographic proof that combines a source-program implementation proof, a compiler-correctness proof, and a cryptographic-security proof, with no gaps at the specification interfaces.

The verification was done using three systems within the Coq proof assistant: the Foundational Cryptography Framework, to verify crypto properties of functional specs; the Verified Software Toolchain, to verify C programs w.r.t. functional specs; and CompCert, for verified compilation of C to assembly language.
Purification of the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activator from human erythrocytes. Its membership in the class of Ca2+-binding modulator proteins (1978)

The activator of the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase of erythrocyte membranes was purified 13,000-fold to homogeneity from human erythrocytes. The protein gave a single band upon electrophoresis both with and without detergent, and upon isoelectric focusing. This protein was compared with Ca2+-binding modulator proteins from bovine brain and rat testis. All three proteins were homogeneous and co-migrated on electrophoresis both in the presence of detergent and without detergent at pH values on both sides of the isoelectric point of the protein. The amino acid compositions of the three proteins were nearly indistinguishable, and all three proteins contained 1 residue of the unusual amino acid, trimethyllysine. All three were also indistinguishable as measured by their ability to further stimulate the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase of human erythrocyte membranes. Thus, we conclude that they represent functionally the same protein. Upon storage of all three proteins, a second band was detectable by detergent gel electrophoresis; the biochemical activity and the behavior on nondetergent gels were not changed. The presence of this second band is probably responsible for previous reports of differences between the rat testis and bovine brain modulator protein. The possibility is discussed that this protein is a general intracellular Ca2+ receptor, which mediates the activities of Ca2+ as an intracellular messenger.
Mechanical properties and processibilty of glass‐fiber‐, wollastonite‐, and fluoro‐rubber‐reinforced silicone rubber composites (2007)

Abstract The reinforcement of silicone rubber (SR) imparted by different types of fillers was investigated. Glass fiber (GF), wollastonite and fluoro rubber (FR) as nontraditional filler for rubber were compounded SR and mechanical properties of the prepared composites were evaluated. The addition of silane pretreated GF and wollastonite into SR, tensile strength, abrasion resistance and tear strength of the composites improved considerably. The improvement in the properties was assigned to an increased interaction between the filler and the polymer matrix. For the SR/FR composites system, the elongation at break was increase with increasing concentrations of FR due to sponge like structure resulting from poor compatibility between the two components. To investigate the production potential of extrusion processing method, prepared composites were extruded in a rod type sample. During the curing stage, GF, wollastonite and FR lead to the formation of void in the matrix resin. When GF and wollastonite were treated with silane, the void formations were reduced significantly. The silane treatment process improves not only mechanical strength but also processibility of SR composites in dry conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Real-time KD-tree construction on graphics hardware (2008)

We present an algorithm for constructing kd-trees on GPUs. This algorithm achieves real-time performance by exploiting the GPU's streaming architecture at all stages of kd-tree construction. Unlike previous parallel kd-tree algorithms, our method builds tree nodes completely in BFS (breadth-first search) order. We also develop a special strategy for large nodes at upper tree levels so as to further exploit the fine-grained parallelism of GPUs. For these nodes, we parallelize the computation over all geometric primitives instead of nodes at each level. Finally, in order to maintain kd-tree quality, we introduce novel schemes for fast evaluation of node split costs. As far as we know, ours is the first real-time kd-tree algorithm on the GPU. The kd-trees built by our algorithm are of comparable quality as those constructed by off-line CPU algorithms. In terms of speed, our algorithm is significantly faster than well-optimized single-core CPU algorithms and competitive with multi-core CPU algorithms. Our algorithm provides a general way for handling dynamic scenes on the GPU. We demonstrate the potential of our algorithm in applications involving dynamic scenes, including GPU ray tracing, interactive photon mapping, and point cloud modeling.
Mechanism of activated silica sol formation (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of activated silica sol formationKlaus R. Lange and R. W. SpencerCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1968, 2, 3, 212–216Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60015a001https://doi.org/10.1021/es60015a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Next-Generation W-Band Radar Testbed (2007)

This paper presents a 94 GHz (W-band) FMCW radar system under development for airborne situational awareness. Military CONOPS require pilots of both fixed and rotary winged aircraft to land at remote sites in degraded visibility or brownout conditions due either to the weather (such a fog, rain, snow, blowing sand) or by prop or rotor wash. Quite obviously, man made obstacles such as poles and wires within the flight path hinder operations and rocks, berms, obstacles and uneven terrain make last second landing decisions mandatory. To be able to resolve these small targets and obstacles, the bandwidth of the linear FM sweep must be large since target resolution is proportional to the inverse of the frequency deviation. The purpose of this on-going program is to demonstrate highly linear wide-bandwidth W-band FMCW radar designed utilizing COTS components. We have completed the first phase of a technology demonstration and we are currently developing an advanced testbed for detecting these obstacles.