gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect on Urinary Bladder of Unilateral Stimulation of Pelvic Nerves in the Dog (1957)

In dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, unilateral stimulation of intact pelvic nerves or of their distal cut ends, with or without section of the hypogastrics, and at various frequencies and intravesical pressures, always produced prompt and vigorous contractions in all regions of the corresponding side of the viscus. On the contralateral side the responses were weaker, more variable and, in general consisted of several types: a) prompt and vigorous contractions similar to those observed on the stimulated side; b) slightly delayed contractions which were also similar to those obtained on the homolateral side; c) contractions preceded by relaxations; d) relaxations of the detrusor which persisted for the duration of the stimulation; e) isolated segments of the viscus which were totally unresponsive to stimulation. The responses obtained in dogs following unilateral stimulation of pelvic nerves were similar in most respects to those observed previously in cats.
Changes of insulation resistance of fire resistant cable under fire conditions (2015)

Low-fire-hazard cable (LFHC) intended for low voltage applications with a fire barrier made from mica tape was tested under conditions similar to those of the fire test specified in IEC 60331-21. In addition to the other standard requirements, the measurement setup was modified to enable insulation resistance measurement throughout the entire fire test. In this manner, cable insulation as a whole can be tested under fire conditions. Results from insulation resistance measurement are supported by thermogravimetric analysis and by the data obtained from two thermocouples placed near the cable sheath and inside the cable core during the test. As results show, insulation resistance is markedly affected by the melting of the organic components of insulation, by decomposition of the flame retardant and by ignition of the core insulation along the first period of the test (10 minutes). The stable value of the insulation resistance from 10th to 90th minutes of testing, together with the insulation's behavior during cooling suggests the important role played by conductivity of the flame itself. The suggested procedure can assist in the comparison of the fire-proof functionalities of different cable designs, in the analysis of their failure mechanisms and in cable design optimization.
Two-Dimensional Porous Molecular Networks of Dehydrobenzo[12]annulene Derivatives via Alkyl Chain Interdigitation (2006)

The self-assembly of a series of hexadehydrotribenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivatives has been scrutinized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the liquid-solid interface. First, the influence of core symmetry on the network structure was investigated by comparing the two-dimensional (2D) ordering of rhombic bisDBA 1a and triangular DBA 2a (Figure 1). BisDBA 1a forms a Kagomé network upon physisorption from 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Under similar experimental conditions, DBA 2a shows the formation of a honeycomb network. The core symmetry and location of alkyl substituents determine the network structure. The most remarkable feature of the DBA networks is the interdigitation of the nonpolar alkyl chains: they connect the pi-conjugated cores and direct their orientation. As a result, 2D open networks with voids are formed. Second, the effect of alkyl chain length on the structure of DBA patterns was investigated. Upon increasing the length of the alkyl chains (DBAs 3c-e) a transition from honeycomb networks to linear networks was observed in TCB, an observation attributed to stronger molecule-substrate interactions. Third, the effect of solvent on the structure of the nonpolar DBA networks was investigated in four different solvents: TCB as a polar aromatic solvent, 1-phenyloctane as a solvent having both aromatic and aliphatic moieties, n-tetradecane as an aliphatic solvent, and octanoic acid as a polar alkylated solvent. The solvent dramatically changes the structure of the DBA networks. The solvent effects are discussed in terms of factors that influence the mobility of molecules at the liquid-solid interface such as solvation.
Snake-bites: appraisal of the global situation. (1998)

The true global incidence of envenomations and their severity remain largely misunderstood, except for a few countries where these accidents are rare or are correctly reported. Nevertheless, this information is essential for drawing up guidelines for dealing with snake-bites, to plan drug supplies, particularly antivenin, and to train medical staff on snake-bite treatments. Since the comprehensive review by Swaroop & Grab in 1954 no global survey has been carried out on snake-bite epidemiology. The present article is an attempt to draw the attention of health authorities to snake envenomations and urges them to prepare therapeutic protocols adapted to their needs.
Fluorosulfuric acid and related superacid media (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorosulfuric acid and related superacid mediaR. J. GillespieCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1968, 1, 7, 202–209Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50007a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50007a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views752Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recognition of Minerals Using Multispectral Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study in the Sultanate of Oman (2015)

The present study demonstrates the capability of a multispectral sensor for the detection of the minerals in the rocks surrounding the Rusayl and Al Jafnayn regions, Sultanate of Oman. The study of spectral absorptions of rocks and minerals in the visible and near infrared (VNIR) and short wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectral bands of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) using the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) supervised image classification technique has provided information on the occurrence of minerals in the rock types of the regions. The study shows the occurrence of carbonate minerals in the limestone formations and of poorly altered silicate minerals in the basic dyke rocks of the study regions. The analysis of minerals over the ancient terraces and recent alluvial deposits show that the deposit materials are derived from the dykes and foliated gabbro source rocks. The image interpretation is compared to the geological map, verified in the field and confirmed through laboratory analyses. The satellite data and the image processing techniques used have potential in the recognition of minerals in the rocks of the study region and could be used in similar arid regions elsewhere in the world.
Absorption of biologically active peptide hormones from the small intestine of rat (2002)

Absorption of the 4, 10 and 34 amino acid forms of gastrin from the small intestine has been investigated in anaesthetized rats. The method of assessment of successful absorption of the hormone into the systemic circulation was when the amount of acid secreted by the stomach over consecutive 15-min periods was increased. When the natural hormones were infused into the ileum in a relatively high dose, there was no increase in gastric acid secretion, indicating that they had not been absorbed. Each of the forms of gastrin was conjugated at the free amino terminus to the carboxyl group of cholic acid. Subsequent infusion of the conjugated form of gastrin into the ileum, this time in relatively low doses, resulted in substantial and prolonged increases in gastric acid secretion, indicating that these hormones had been successfully absorbed. In addition, conjugation of the 10 and 34 amino acid forms of gastrin with cholic acid was shown to increase markedly the potency in evoking an increase in gastric acid secretion in response to intravenous injection of the hormone. Absorption of the gastrin conjugates was specific to the ileum thus indicating that they had been absorbed through the bile salt transporters.
Acute Tolerance to Subjective but not Cardiovascular Effects of d-Amphetamine in Normal, Healthy Men (1996)

This is a descriptive report on the relationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of d-amphetamine in healthy, normal volunteers. Six men, aged 22 to 31, attended two experimental sessions during which they received single oral doses of 20 mg of d-amphetamine. Plasma levels of drug and measures of drug effect were collected predrug and at regular intervals for 24 hours after drug administration. Plasma drug levels peaked at 4 hours and remained at detectable levels for 24 hours after drug administration. Subjective ratings, including "feel drug" and "feel high" peaked at 1 1/2 to 2 hours and returned to baseline levels by 3 to 4 hours. Evaluation of phase plots (i.e., drug effect vs. drug concentration) indicated that acute tolerance developed to the subjective but not to the cardiopressor effects of d-amphetamine. This finding implies that individuals who repeatedly administer the drug to maintain certain levels of subjective effects may increase plasma drug levels and physiologic effects to toxic levels.
Training and industrial relations—a broader perspective (1972)

An analysis of the assumptions underlying the traditional approaches to training demonstrates their inadequacy when it comes to the development of training in an industrial relations context. By taking a broader approach, however, suitable training strategies and methods can be developed.
Prediction of the Clinical Outcome in Invasive Candidiasis Patients Based on Molecular Fingerprints of Five Anti-Candida Antibodies in Serum (2010)

Better prognostic predictors for invasive candidiasis (IC) are needed to tailor and individualize therapeutic decision-making and minimize its high morbidity and mortality. We investigated whether molecular profiling of IgG-antibody response to the whole soluble Candida proteome could reveal a prognostic signature that may serve to devise a clinical-outcome prediction model for IC and contribute to known IC prognostic factors. By serological proteome analysis and data-mining procedures, serum 31-IgG antibody-reactivity patterns were examined in 45 IC patients randomly split into training and test sets. Within the training cohort, unsupervised two-way hierarchical clustering and principal-component analyses segregated IC patients into two antibody-reactivity subgroups with distinct prognoses that were unbiased by traditional IC prognostic factors and other patients-related variables. Supervised discriminant analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation identified a five-IgG antibody-reactivity signature as the most simplified and accurate IC clinical-outcome predictor, from which an IC prognosis score (ICPS) was derived. Its robustness was confirmed in the test set. Multivariate logistic-regression and receiver-operating-characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that the ICPS was able to accurately discriminate IC patients at high risk for death from those at low risk and outperformed conventional IC prognostic factors. Further validation of the five-IgG antibody-reactivity signature on a multiplexed immunoassay supported the serological proteome analysis results. The five IgG antibodies incorporated in the ICPS made biologic sense and were associated either with good-prognosis and protective patterns (those to Met6p, Hsp90p, and Pgk1p, putative Candida virulence factors and antiapoptotic mediators) or with poor-prognosis and risk patterns (those to Ssb1p and Gap1p/Tdh3p, potential Candida proapoptotic mediators). We conclude that the ICPS, with additional refinement in future larger prospective cohorts, could be applicable to reliably predict patient clinical-outcome for individualized therapy of IC. Our data further provide insights into molecular mechanisms that may influence clinical outcome in IC and uncover potential targets for vaccine design and immunotherapy against IC.
Dynamic single-p-well SRAM bitcell characterization with back-bias adjustment for optimized wide-voltage-range SRAM operation in 28nm UTBB FD-SOI (2014)

This paper demonstrates the 28nm ultra-thin body and buried oxide (UTBB) FD-SOI high-density (0.120μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) single p-well (SPW) bitcell architecture for the design of low-power wide voltage range systems enabled by back-bias adjustment. The results from a 140kb programmable dynamic SRAM characterization test module provide both information about location and cause of failures as well as power and performance by mimicking system operating conditions over a wide supply voltage range. A 410mV minimum operating voltage and less than 310mV data retention voltage with a leakage current close to 100fA/bitcell are measured. Improved bitcell read access time and write-ability through back-bias are demonstrated with less than 5% of stand-by power overhead.
Certifying and removing disparate impact (2014)

What does it mean for an algorithm to be biased? In U.S. law, unintentional bias is encoded via disparate impact, which occurs when a selection process has widely different outcomes for different groups, even as it appears to be neutral. This legal determination hinges on a definition of a protected class (ethnicity, gender, religious practice) and an explicit description of the process. When the process is implemented using computers, determining disparate impact (and hence bias) is harder. It might not be possible to disclose the process. In addition, even if the process is open, it might be hard to elucidate in a legal setting how the algorithm makes its decisions. Instead of requiring access to the algorithm, we propose making inferences based on the data the algorithm uses. We make four contributions to this problem. First, we link the legal notion of disparate impact to a measure of classification accuracy that while known, has received relatively little attention. Second, we propose a test for disparate impact based on analyzing the information leakage of the protected class from the other data attributes. Third, we describe methods by which data might be made unbiased. Finally, we present empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of our test for disparate impact and our approach for both masking bias and preserving relevant information in the data. Interestingly, our approach resembles some actual selection practices that have recently received legal scrutiny.
Upstream and downstream transcriptional control signals in the yeast retrotransposon, TY (1988)

The yeast retrotransposon, Ty, shares many structural and functional features with retroviral proviruses. These include production of a terminally redundant major transcript. There are also two less abundant transcripts of 5.0 kb and 2.2 kb. Ty transcription is regulated by cell-type, that is it is reduced 5-20 fold in a/alpha diploids as compared to haploids. However control of expression of Ty is not well understood. By deletion analysis we have identified regions of the element which are involved in the activation and regulation of transcription. These signals are found both upstream and downstream of the mRNA start site. The downstream signals are within the region encoding the major Ty proteins. This organisation of transcriptional control signals is discussed with reference to the organisation of control signals in other yeast genes and in retroviral proviruses and other retro-elements.
Translational Targeted Proteomics Profiling of Mitochondrial Energy Metabolic Pathways in Mouse and Human Samples (2016)

Absolute measurements of protein abundance are important in the understanding of biological processes and the precise computational modeling of biological pathways. We developed targeted LC-MS/MS assays in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode to quantify over 50 mitochondrial proteins in a single run. The targeted proteins cover the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid β-oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Assays used isotopically labeled concatemers as internal standards designed to target murine mitochondrial proteins and their human orthologues. Most assays were also suitable to quantify the corresponding protein orthologues in rats. After exclusion of peptides that did not pass the selection criteria, we arrived at SRM assays for 55 mouse, 52 human, and 51 rat proteins. These assays were optimized in isolated mitochondrial fractions from mouse and rat liver and cultured human fibroblasts and in total liver extracts from mouse, rat, and human. The developed proteomics approach is suitable for the quantification of proteins in the mitochondrial energy metabolic pathways in mice, rats, and humans as a basis for translational research. Initial data show that the assays have great potential for elucidating the adaptive response of human patients to mutations in mitochondrial proteins in a clinical setting.
Translational coupling of the trpB and trpA genes in the Escherichia coli tryptophan operon (1984)

We investigated whether there is translational coupling between the tryptophan operon trpB and trpA genes in Escherichia coli. A trp-lac fusion system was used in which part of the trpA gene is fused to the lacZ gene. This fusion protein has the translation initiation site of trpA but retains beta-galactosidase activity. We introduced a frameshift mutation early in trpB and measured its effect on transcription and translation of the trp-lac fusion. The mutation resulted in a 10-fold drop in beta-galactosidase activity but only a 2-fold drop in lacZ mRNA or galactoside transacetylase levels. An rho mutation restored the lacZ mRNA and transacetylase levels to those of the control but only increased the beta-galactosidase level to 20% that of the control. We conclude from these results that if the trpB gene is not translated, efficient translation of the trpA'-lac'Z mRNA does not occur and, thus, that these genes are translationally coupled. The implication of this finding for other studies with gene fusions is discussed.
The structure of Co-Cu-Fe-Ce permanent magnets (1973)

The precipitates responsible for magnetic age hardening of a Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3.8</inf> Cu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.9</inf> Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</inf> Ce alloy have been directly observed by transmission electron microscopy. The precipitates are coherent, plate shaped disks which possess the rhombohedral Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</inf> Ce <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> structure. They form in a [001] plate normal orientation and cluster in staggered rows at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim 30\deg</tex> from the [001] axis. The development of precipitate microstructure has been examined in quenched, optimally aged, and overaged alloys. Direct evidence for interaction between the precipitate particles and magnetic domain walls has also been obtained. Among the recently developed Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> R based permanent magnets, the Cu containing alloys developed by Nesbitt et al. are of particular interest. These alloys are age hardenable; i.e., their magnetic properties may be improved and controlled by heat treatment. Previous work has revealed that their high coercivities may be attributed to the pinning of domain walls rather than to the nucleation of reverse domains. This report contains a description of some results obtained during an investigation of the alloy structures by transmission electron microscopy. We present direct evidence for the existence of coherent precipitates as well as for the existence of a pinning interaction between magnetic domain walls and the precipitate particles.
Performance characteristics of an adaptive controller based on least-mean-square filters (1986)

A closed loop, adaptive control scheme that uses a least mean square filter as the controller model is presented, along with simulation results that demonstrate the excellent robustness of this scheme. It is shown that the scheme adapts very well to unknown plants, even those that are marginally stable, responds appropriately to changes in plant parameters, and is not unduly affected by additive noise. A heuristic argument for the conditions necessary for convergence is presented. Potential applications and extensions of the scheme are also discussed.
NbN / TiN x / NbN / TiN x / NbN double-barrier junction arrays for programmable voltage standards (2002)

A series array of NbN/TiNx/NbN/TiNx/NbN double-barrier junctions was fabricated on Si wafers, and their current–voltage (I–V) characteristics were measured with and without microwave power in order to investigate their performance for programmable voltage standards. By adjusting the thickness of the TiNx barrier, nearly identical critical currents were obtained for 128 lower and 128 upper junctions in an array. When applying 8 GHz microwave power to an array, a large constant-voltage step (∼3 mA) appeared on the I–V curve. The zero-voltage critical current and the height of the first (n=1) constant-voltage step showed microwave-power dependences coincident with theoretical prediction.
The Ikaros family protein Eos associates with C‐terminal‐binding protein corepressors (2002)

Eos is a zinc finger transcription factor of the Ikaros family. It binds typical GGGAA Ikaros recognition sites in DNA and functions as a transcriptional repressor. Here we show that Eos associates with the corepressor C-terminal-binding protein (CtBP). CtBP has previously been shown to bind Pro-X-Asp-Leu-Ser (PXDLS) motifs in several DNA-binding proteins. We note that Eos contains a related motif PEDLA, and we demonstrate that CtBP can bind this site weakly but that it also contacts additional regions of Eos. Consistent with this finding, mutation of the PEDLA motif does not negate CtBP binding or CtBP-mediated repression by Eos. CtBP has previously been shown to bind to a PXDLS-type motif in Ikaros, and we show that another Ikaros-related protein TRPS1 also contains a PXDLS CtBP contact motif within its repression domain. We conclude that several Ikaros family proteins utilize CtBP corepressors to inhibit gene expression.