gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chip-package codesign for high-frequency circuits and systems (1998)

When the need for high frequency combines with the demand for low-cost consumer electronics, the challenge of ensuring correctly functioning components becomes paramount. Focusing on chip-package codesign offers a solution.
Ground reaction forces during locomotion in simulated microgravity. (1996)

These findings have implications for the use of treadmill exercise as a countermeasure for hypokinetic osteoporosis. As the relationship between mechanical factors and osteogenesis becomes better understood, results from human experiments in 0G simulators will help to design in-flight exercise programs that are more closely targeted to generate appropriate mechanical stimuli.
Reaction mechanisms involved in reduction of halogenated hydrocarbons using sulfated iron (1995)

Experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanisms and pathways involved in the reduction of halogenated hydrocarbons represented by trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) with sulfated iron aqueous media. Results suggested that iron sulfide acted as the dehalogenation center. Zero-valent iron acted as a generator for molecular hydrogen through its reaction with water. Results of experiments in which iron sulfide was replaced by other transition metal sulfides and experiments in which zero-valent iron was replaced by other sources of molecular hydrogen will be reported. The main reduction product of chloroethylene derivatives was ethyne which under the catalytic reaction of zero-valent iron was reduced further to ethene and finally to ethane. Intermediate products were identified using GC-MS. Mechanisms and pathways will be presented.
Carbon Nanotube Based Transparent Conductive Thin Films (2006)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) based optically transparent and electrically conductive thin films are fabricated on plastic substrates in this study. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are chemically treated with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid before being dispersed in aqueous surfactant-contained solutions. SWNT thin films are prepared from the stable SWNT solutions using wet coating techniques. The 100 nm thick SWNT thin film exhibits a surface resistivity of 6 kohms/square nanometer with an average transmittance of 88% on the visible light range, which is three times better than the films prepared from the high purity as-received SWNTs.
Application of pulse compression signal processing techniques to electromagnetic acoustic transducers for noncontact thickness measurements and imaging (2005)

A pair of noncontact Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs) has been used for thickness measurements and imaging of metallic plates. This was performed using wide bandwidth EMATs and pulse-compression signal processing techniques, using chirp excitation. This gives a greatly improved signal-to-noise ratio for air-coupled experiments, increasing the speed of data acquisition. A numerical simulation of the technique has confirmed the performance. Experimental results indicate that it is possible to perform noncontact ultrasonic imaging and thickness gauging in a wide range of metal plates. An accuracy of up to 99% has been obtained for aluminum, brass, and copper samples. The resolution of the image obtained using the pulse compression approach was also improved compared to a transient pulse signal from conventional pulser/receiver. It is thus suggested that the combination of EMATs and pulse compression can lead to a wide range of online applications where fast time acquisition is required.
Human Endothelial Cells Induce and Regulate Cytolytic T Cell Differentiation (1998)

We compared the capacity of cultured human endothelial cells (EC) vs B lymphoblastoid cells (BLC) from the same donor to stimulate allogeneic CD8+ T cells to differentiate into CTL, assaying for allorestricted cytotoxicity, T cell growth, IFN-gamma secretion, and perforin expression. The input cell number affected specificity and potency of the resulting CTL. At low input (<10(5) cells/ well), anti-EC CTL were rarely detected. At high input (>10(6) cells/well), anti-EC CTL developed that displayed unrestricted, low-titer killing and an unstable phenotype. At intermediate input (1.0-2.5 x 10(5) cells/well), classical class I MHC-restricted, CD8+, and perforin-positive anti-EC CTL developed with reproducible frequencies. However, under all conditions EC were less efficient stimulators than BLC from the same donor. Anti-EC CTL did not kill BLC, whereas anti-BLC CTL killed BLC and EC from the same donor with comparable efficiency. When CD8+ T lymphocytes were grown in the presence of EC and BLC together, the differentiation of anti-BLC CTL was completely suppressed, while the anti-EC response was intact. The inhibition of the allogeneic anti-BLC CTL response was independent of T cell-EC contact, and proliferation of CD8+ T cells was inhibited by EC-conditioned medium. We conclude that EC are competent but less efficient activators of CTL differentiation than are BLC and that EC actively regulate differentiation and/or expansion of allospecific CTL.
The Effect of Temperature on Caustic Displacement of Crude Oil (1971)

Abstract Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the effect that temperature has on the waterflood recovery of oil from a consolidated core with the use of a weak sodium hydroxide solution as the flooding agent. The reduction in interfacial tension of several crude oil - caustic systems was investigated to determine a caustic solution that would reduce the interfacial tension to a minimal value. The resulting 0.20 weight percent sodium hydroxide solution was thereby determined and used as the caustic waterflooding agent throughout the displacement tests. Displacement tests were conducted at temperatures of 130 degrees, 160 degrees and 190 degrees F with both distilled water and the weak sodium hydroxide solution as the flooding agent. The tests indicated that the addition of the sodium hydroxide to the displacing fluid increased the waterflood recovery over that obtained with water at all temperatures investigated. Introduction Improved recovery of oil by secondary recovery techniques is becoming most important as the cost of finding new reserves has continued to increase. The low gravity, viscous crude oil reservoirs typically exhibit low recoveries and offer potential for new methods of secondary recovery. Waterflooding of viscous oil reservoirs has been avoided in the past as the displacement mechanism under such reservoir conditions has rarely been economically successful. Cyclic steam stimulation has proven to be successful in some areas; however, the ultimate recovery anticipated is commonly 10 to 25 percent of the original oil in place which leaves considerable potential for other recovery methods. The addition of sodium hydroxide in small amounts to the water used in waterflood operations has been proposed as a potential process for improving recovery in secondary process for improving recovery in secondary recovery operations. The effect of reducing oil - water interfacial tension has been indicated to improve recovery from waterflood operations. Laboratory work by Emery, Mungan and Nicholson illustrated that additional oil could be recovered from natural cores after reaching a water-oil ratio of 100 to 1 with the addition of sodium hydroxide. The greatest effect on recovery was noted to occur when the caustic solution was used from the beginning of the flood.
Latest advances in discharge planning (1996)

While accepting the relevance of the study’s conclusion in the article ‘Assessing the impact of delayed discharge on acute care’ (Art & Science February 7), it should be pointed out that the St Mary’s hospital’s data was collected in 1992.
On the dynamic adaptation of stochastic language models (1993)

A simple and general scheme for the adaptation of stochastic language models to changing text styles is introduced. For each word in the running text, the adapted model is a linear combination of specific models, the interpolation parameters being estimated on the preceding text passage. Experiments on a 1.1-million English word corpus show the validity of the approach. The adaptation method improves a bigram language model by 10% in terms of test-set perplexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Basic Concepts in the Determination of vascular Volumes by Indicator-Dilution Methods (1962)

In this paper, we have considered some of the basic concepts underlying the measurement of vascular volumes by indicator-dilution methods. Granting the assumptions of stationary flow and homogeneous labeling of flowing blood, the classical Stewart-Hamilton prescription, V = Qt, provides a valid estimate of central volume. Although the boundaries of this volume can be precisely defined in terms of "time distances," the anatomic description is less definite. The classical treatment did not provide a theoretical model from which the form of the indicator-dilution curve could be deduced but a number of such models have now appeared. These include the mixing-chamber model of Newman and the stochastic models of Sheppard. The slope-volume based on Newman's model measures some fraction of the classical central volume, but precise anatomic boundaries probably cannot be assigned to it. We have attempted to show that so long as we deal with a linear system, the indicator-dilution problem, including recirculation, can be conveniently treated in terms of a block diagram-transfer function approach. Finally we have considered some of the theoretical and practical aspects of the measurement of ventricular volumes. In conclusion, it might be appropriate to say something about mathematical models in general. Every such model is an abstraction which deliberately neglects certain features of the prototype in order to make possible the rigorous treatment of others. We should therefore not be disappointed to find that "no thoroughly defined system can be expected to mimic completely all of the phenomena of physiological importance." 5 What we should demand of a model is that it mimic enough of these phenomena to make it useful, and that it point the way to its own continuing improvement. If it does these things, it cannot help but be a contribution to the advancement of both theory and practice.
The Pastoral and the Academic: Conflict and Contradiction in the Curriculum (1996)

Reconceptualizing pastoral care the emergence of pastoral care the discourse of pastoral care Elmfield School - case study of the pastoral and the academic pastoral and the academic - messages from the boundary Kings Marsh School - integrating the pastoral and the academic pastoral care and the academic curriculum - curriculum theory and professional practice.
Genetic Analysis of Haploids from Industrial Strains of Baker's Yeast (1989)

Strains of baker's yeast conventionally used by the baking industry in Japan were tested for the ability to sporulate and produce viable haploid spores. Three isolates which possessed the properties of baker's yeasts were obtained from single spores. Each strain was a haploid, and one of these strains, YOY34, was characterized. YOY34 fermented maltose and sucrose, but did not utilize galactose, unlike its parental strain. Genetic analysis showed that YOY34 carried two MAL genes, one functional and one cryptic; two SUC genes; and one defective gal gene. The genotype of YOY34 was identified as MATalpha MAL1 MAL3g SUC2 SUC4 gall. The MAL1 gene from this haploid was constitutively expressed, was dominant over other wild-type MAL tester genes, and gave a weak sucrose fermentation. YOY34 was suitable for both bakery products, like conventional baker's yeasts, and for genetic analysis, like laboratory strains.
Synthesis, Chiroptical Properties, and Solid-State Structure Determination of Two New Chiral Dipyrrin Difluoroboryl Chelates (2004)

Two new types of optically active BODIPY fluorophores bearing chiral phenyl substituents either at the meso-position or at both external alpha-positions have been synthesized. Their chiroptical properties are strongly dependent both on the position of the chiral group and on the protonation of the chromophore. The solid-state structures of one of the difluoroboryl chelates bearing the chiral phenyl substituent at the meso-position (9a) as well as of the corresponding ligand (8a) and its perchlorate have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. These are, to the best of our knowledge, the first crystal structures of a dipyrrin free base and of a dipyrrin salt which have been obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis. Hence, for the first time, the helical structure of a protonated dipyrrin chromophore has been proved experimentally.
Characterization and cDNA cloning of a novel murine T cell surface antigen YE1/48 (2010)

T cell surface antigens are thought to play significant roles in immunological functions. They are involved in cellular interactions and T cell activation and proliferation. Characterization of T cell antigens is important in understanding the molecular machanisms underlying immune responses. The subject of this thesis is to characterize a novel murine T cell surface antigen called YE1/48. YE1/48, defined by two rat monoclonal antibodies YE1/48.10.6 and YE1/32.8.5, is a dimeric glycoprotein with molecular size and charge resembling the murine T cell antigen receptor α/β. It was initially detected at high levels on two T cell lymphomas, EL-4 and MBL-2. In my thesis studies, the YE1/48 antigen was characterized biochemically, a cDNA clone was isolated, and its expression in lymphoid cell populations was determined. The YE1/48 antigen was found to be distinct from the T cell receptor based on direct comparisons of their primary sequences as well as immunological analyses. It is likely a homodimer with similar or identical subunits. No homology with any known proteins could be detected, including the human T cell activation antigen CD28 (T44) which also has a similar dimeric structure as YE1/48. No function of the YE1/48 antigen could be derived from its primary sequence or with the use of the two monoclonal antibodies because the antibodies do not appear to bind to the surface of intact normal T lymphocytes. Some intriguing characteristics of the YE1/48 antigen were observed in the current studies. The YE1/48 antigen belongs to a rare group of type II membrane proteins with orientation of the amino-terminus inside the cell and the carboxy-terminus outside. The YE1/48 gene may have two alleles among different mouse strains and may belong to a multigene family. YE1/48 is expressed at low levels on a wide range of T cells with no restriction to their differentiation stages, and on spleen B cells as well as bone marrow cells. Its expression on lymphocytes is not related to activation or proliferation. However, YE1/48 expression appears to be induced at high levels by Abelson Murine Leukemia Virus-transformation of pre-B cells. Moreover, the epitopes defined by the YE1/48.10.6 and YE1.32.8.5 antibodies seem to be exposed only on three T lymphomas but not on normal T cells. It is thus tantalizing to speculate a correlation of the high level expression of YE1/48 antigen and its epitope exposure on transformed lymphocytes with cellular transformation. In summary, YE1/48 was found to be a novel T cell surface antigen which has similar dimeric structure as the murine T cell receptor α/β and human CD28 (T44). It has now been characterized biochemically, molecularly cloned, and its expression on lymphoid cells has been determined. Although the function of YE1/48 antigen remains unknown, a number of intriguing characteristics observed in the current studies have certainly called for further studies on the antigen and the determination of its function.
Cardiac mast cell-mediated activation of gelatinase and alteration of ventricular diastolic function (2002)

Mast cells contain proteases capable of activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, given the relatively low density of mast cells in the myocardium (i.e., 1.5-5.3 cells/mm(2)), it is unknown whether these enzymes are present in sufficient quantities in the normal heart to mediate MMP activation. Accordingly, this study sought to determine whether chemically induced degranulation of cardiac mast cells (with compound 48/80) would have an effect in isolated, blood-perfused, functioning rat hearts. Mast cell degranulation produced a 15% increase in histamine levels present in the coronary efflux, a significant increase in myocardial water (i.e., edema) relative to normal values (80.1 +/- 3.4% vs. 77.4 +/- 1.08%, P < or = 0.03), a substantial activation of MMP-2 (126% increase relative to controls, P < or = 0.02), and a marked decrease in myocardial collagen volume fraction (0.46 +/- 0.10% vs. 0.97 +/- 0.33%, P < or = 0.001). Furthermore, although an increase in ventricular stiffness was expected due to the extent of edema resulting from mast cell degranulation, modest ventricular dilatation was observed. These findings clearly demonstrate that the number of mast cells present in normal hearts is sufficient to mediate activation of MMPs and produce extracellular matrix degradation, thereby potentially causing subsequent ventricular dilatation.
Mutations in the Rod Outer Segment Membrane Guanylate Cyclase in a Cone−Rod Dystrophy Cause Defects in Calcium Signaling (1999)

Rod outer segment guanylate cyclase 1 (ROS-GC1) is a member of the subfamily of Ca(2+)-regulated membrane guanylate cyclases; and it is pivotal for vertebrate phototransduction. Two opposing regulatory modes control the activity of ROS-GC1. At nanomolar concentrations of Ca(2+), ROS-GC1 is activated by Ca(2+)-binding proteins named guanylate cyclase activating proteins (GCAPs). However, at micromolar concentrations of Ca(2+), ROS-GC1 is stimulated by S100beta [also named calcium-dependent (CD) GCAP]. This mode is not linked with phototransduction; instead, it is predicted to be involved in retinal synaptic activity. Two point mutations, E786D and R787C, in ROS-GC1 have been connected with cone-rod dystrophy (CORD6), with only one type of point mutation occurring in each family. The present study shows that the E786D mutation has no effect on the basal catalytic activity of ROS-GC1 and on its activation by GCAP1 and S100beta; however, the mutated cyclase becomes more activated by GCAP2. The R787C mutation has three consequences: (1) it causes major damage to the basal cyclase activity, (2) it makes the cyclase 5-fold more sensitive to activation by GCAP1; and 3) converts the cyclase into a form that is less sensitive to activation by GCAP2 and S100beta. Thus, the two CORD6-linked mutations in ROS-GC1, which occur at adjacent positions, result in vastly different biochemical phenotypes, and they are connected with very specific molecular defects in the Ca(2+) switching components of the cyclase. These defects, in turn, are proposed to have a profound effect on both the machinery of phototransduction and the retinal synapse. The study for the first time defines the biochemistry of CORD6 pathology in precise molecular terms.
547. Aliphatic hydroxylamines. Part III. Reaction with diazotised aromatic amines. A novel synthesis of acylbenzenes from the corresponding amine (1956)

M. A. T. Rogers, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 2784 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560002784
Comparison of Two Fluid-Management Strategies in Acute Lung Injury The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network* (2006)

Methods In a randomized study, we compared a conservative and a liberal strategy of fluid management using explicit protocols applied for seven days in 1000 patients with acute lung injury. The primary end point was death at 60 days. Secondary end points included the number of ventilator-free days and organ-failure–free days and measures of lung physiology. Results The rate of death at 60 days was 25.5 percent in the conservative-strategy group and 28.4 percent in the liberal-strategy group (P = 0.30; 95 percent confidence interval for the difference, −2.6 to 8.4 percent). The mean (±SE) cumulative fluid balance during the first seven days was –136±491 ml in the conservative-strategy group and 6992±502 ml in the liberal-strategy group (P<0.001). As compared with the liberal strategy, the conservative strategy improved the oxygenation index ([mean airway pressure × the ratio of the fraction of inspired oxygen to the partial pressure of arterial oxygen] × 100) and the lung injury score and increased the number of ventilatorfree days (14.6±0.5 vs. 12.1±0.5, P<0.001) and days not spent in the intensive care unit (13.4±0.4 vs. 11.2±0.4, P<0.001) during the first 28 days but did not increase the incidence or prevalence of shock during the study or the use of dialysis during the first 60 days (10 percent vs. 14 percent, P = 0.06). Conclusions Although there was no significant difference in the primary outcome of 60-day mortality, the conservative strategy of fluid management improved lung function and shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care without increasing nonpulmonary-organ failures. These results support the use of a conservative strategy of fluid management in patients with acute lung injury. (ClinicalTrials. gov number, NCT00281268.)
Interfacial behavior of block polyelectrolytes. 6. Properties of surface micelles as a function of R and X in P(S260-b-VP240/RX) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInterfacial behavior of block polyelectrolytes. 6. Properties of surface micelles as a function of R and X in P(S260-b-VP240/RX)J. Zhu, A. Eisenberg, and R. B. LennoxCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 24, 6556–6562Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00050a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00050a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts