gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental determination of requirements for the growth of edible <i>Rhizopus</i> species for use in solid substrate fermentation systems (1988)

Abstract Rhizopus oryzae and R oligosporus germinated best in a starter culture of 5% V8 juice. R oligosporus had a higher optimum temperature for germination and growth than R oryzae, R oryzae utilised starch and nitrogen‐containing salts but not urea in liquid culture. Optimum mycelial growth on membranes on agar was achieved where the protein to carbohydrate ratio of substrates was between 0.4 and 0.5 R oryzae gave higher yields than R oligosporus. The results will be used to optimise solid substrate fermentation systems for these fungi.
The number of K <sup>+</sup> channels in the plasma membrane of guard cell protoplasts changes in parallel with the surface area (2002)

The activity of the two dominant K(+) channels in the plasma membrane of Vicia faba guard cell protoplasts was examined during pressure-driven swelling. For this purpose, the K(+) currents and the membrane capacitance (C(m)) of guard cell protoplasts were recorded in parallel. A rise in C(m), reflecting an increase of the membrane surface area, was coupled to a proportional rise in conductance of both the K(+) inward and K(+) outward rectifier. The activation kinetics of the K(+) channels were not affected during this process. The quantitative and temporal coupling of C(m) and K(+) conductance can hence be interpreted as the result of the addition of active inward and outward rectifier K(+) channels to the plasma membrane during an increase in surface area.
Efficacy of ipriflavone and 1α vitamin D therapy for the cessation of vertebral bone loss (1995)

These findings suggest that the combined regimen could prevent postmenopausal bone loss.
A novel automated system to acquire biometric and morphological measurements and predict body weight of pigs via 3D computer vision1 (2018)

Computer vision applications in livestock are appealing since they enable measurement of traits of interest without the need to directly interact with the animals. This allows the possibility of multiple measurements of traits of interest with minimal animal stress. In the current study, an automated computer vision system was devised and evaluated for extraction of features of interest, as body measurements and shape descriptors, and prediction of body weight in pigs. From the 655 pigs that had data collected 580 had more than 5 frames recorded and were used for development of the predictive models. The cross-validation for the models developed with data from nursery and finishing pigs presented an R2 ranging from 0.86 (random selected image) to 0.94 (median of images truncated on the third quartile), whereas with the dataset without nursery pigs, the R2 estimates ranged from 0.70 (random selected image) to 0.84 (median of images truncated on the third quartile). However, overall the mean absolute error was lower for the models fitted without data on nursery animals. From the body measures extracted from the image, body volume, area, and length were the most informative for prediction of body weight. The inclusion of the remaining body measurements (width and heights) or shape descriptors to the model promoted significant improvement of the predictions, whereas the further inclusion of sex and line effects were not significant.
Hypercortisolism after opioid discontinuation in rapid detoxification of heroin addicts (1992)

Long-term opioid consumption can induce hypoadrenalism through impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Results of the present study showed that, in heroin addicts, saliva cortisol concentrations varied according to the amount of recently consumed heroin and the time elapsed since the last self-administration. Hypercortisolism was observed either after abrupt withdrawal of heroin or the last dose of methadone. Post-detoxification hypercortisolism was still present on day 16 after the last opioid consumption, whereas it was not observed in abstinent addicts for a mean period of 4 months. During detoxification treatment, mean AUC8-24 cortisol in saliva of clonidine or guanfacine-treated patients was significantly higher than that in methadone-treated patients. It may be hypothesized that elevated cortisol levels may account for untoward effects of adrenergic agonist therapy which, in turn, may represent an added risk factor for relapse during detoxification. Further studies are necessary to correlate the severity of withdrawal symptoms to cortisol levels in opioid addicts detoxified with alpha 2-adrenergic agonist substitution.
CCD on-chip amplifiers: noise performance versus MOS transistor dimensions (1991)

The effect of change in the channel width, the channel length, and the bias current of detection-node MOS transistors, in charge-coupled-device (CCD) on-chip amplifiers is studied. A novel approach to noise optimization is shown, and criteria for choosing the optimum gate dimensions are established both in theory and practice. A new parameter, the noise electron density (in square electrons per hertz), is found to be a more suitable parameter for characterizing noise performance. It is shown that, in a well-designed CCD on-chip amplifier, the noise electron density is solely the product of the equivalent gate noise of the detection-node MOS transistor and the total capacitance C/sub 1/ of the detection node. The noise performance is very insensitive to change in the channel width of a factor of two of the optimum value, but it is sensitive to a change in channel length and bias current. The optimum is valid for every type of signal processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SQUIDs, Brains and Gravity Waves (1986)

▸ A lonely instrument in Baja California records tiny fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field, giving valuable information on the location of geothermal energy. ▸ An extremely quiet amplifier detects electrical noise generated by the fluctuating spins in a collection of chlorine nuclei—the first observation of nuclear-spin noise. ▸ Superconducting gradiometers in liquid helium measure tiny fluctuating magnetic fields emanating from the human brain (see figure 1), pinpointing the source of the electrical discharge associated with focal epilepsy. ▸ An aluminum bar weighing 4800 kg and cooled to 4.2 K rests in a vacuum chamber at Stanford University, working as the world's most sensitive monitor of gravitational radiation.
Electron microscopy analysis of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>cell division (2004)

The ultrastructure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells undergoing division was examined by electron microscopy. Two features of cell division were observed and are described here. First, cells are capable of undergoing a type of "snapping" postfission movement. This movement is likely due to a multi-layered cell wall in which the inner layer participates in septum formation while the outer layer ruptures first on one side. A second feature related to cell division is the ability of dividing cells to form transient branching structures.
Object-Oriented Programming with SIMULA (1989)

Physico-chemical, chemical and biological parameters were studied throughout the composting process of four winery and distillery composts and the data set of compost characteristics was analysed using multivariate techniques: factorial analysis (FA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), in order to classify the different parameters studied and thus, to establish those that better describe the composting process of this type of wastes. Through factorial analysis (FA) of the parameters studied throughout the composting process, four components that explained 85.6% of the variability were established. The parameters associated to compost maturity, agronomic character, water-soluble fraction and ammonia and temperature increment were grouped in the components F1, F2, F3 and F4, respectively, which can reduce the number of determinations needed to ascertain the maturity and quality of the composts. In addition, the linear discriminant analysis on the factorial components makes possible to classify the four composts with a percentage of success around 95%.
Characterization of biofilm formation in natural water subjected to low-frequency electromagnetic fields (2016)

Electromagnetic field (EMF) treatment has proven to be effective against mineral scaling in water systems. Therefore, it should be assessed for the treatment of other deposits such as biofilms. In this study, a commercial device producing low-frequency EMF (1-10 kHz) was applied to a reactor fed with natural water for 45 days. The treatment promoted the concentration of microorganisms in suspension and limited the amount of sessile microorganisms in the biofilm, as determined by the measurement of total DNA, qPCR and microscopy. The structure of the bacterial community was assessed by t-RFLP and pyrosequencing analysis. The results showed that EMF treatment affected both planktonic and sessile community composition. EMFs were responsible for a shift in classes of Proteobacteria during development of the biofilm. It may be speculated that the EMF treatment affected particle solubility and/or microorganism hydration. This study indicated that EMFs modulated biofilm formation in natural water.
Comparison of cell behavior on pva/pva-gelatin electrospun nanofibers with random and aligned configuration (2016)

Electrospinning technique is able to create nanofibers with specific orientation. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) have good mechanical stability but poor cell adhesion property due to the low affinity of protein. In this paper, extracellular matrix, gelatin is incorporated into PVA solution to form electrospun PVA-gelatin nanofibers membrane. Both randomly oriented and aligned nanofibers are used to investigate the topography-induced behavior of fibroblasts. Surface morphology of the fibers is studied by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with image analysis. Functional group composition in PVA or PVA-gelatin is investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The morphological changes, surface coverage, viability and proliferation of fibroblasts influenced by PVA and PVA-gelatin nanofibers with randomly orientated or aligned configuration are systematically compared. Fibroblasts growing on PVA-gelatin fibers show significantly larger projected areas as compared with those cultivated on PVA fibers which p-value is smaller than 0.005. Cells on PVA-gelatin aligned fibers stretch out extensively and their intracellular stress fiber pull nucleus to deform. Results suggest that instead of the anisotropic topology within the scaffold trigger the preferential orientation of cells, the adhesion of cell membrane to gelatin have substantial influence on cellular behavior.
The volatility of components of grass silage on oven drying and the inter‐relationship between dry‐matter content estimated by different analytical methods (2001)

This study reviews the volatility coefficients used to convert the oven dry‐matter (DM) content of grass silage to an accepted true DM base, volatile‐corrected oven dry matter (VCODM). The revised coefficients quoted for DM determination at 60°C, 85°C and 100°C are based on 18 grass silages with DM contents in the range 153–365 g kg –1 . The volatility coefficients for drying at 60°C, 85°C and 100°C were 0·090, 0·224 and 0·375 for lactic acid and 0·554, 0·716 and 0·892 for total volatile fatty acids respectively. The volatilities of ammonia and total alcohols remained unchanged from previous work and showed no temperature dependences in the range 60°C to 100°C. These revised coefficients were validated using 36 grass silages from three harvests in 1996 and 1997, and no significant differences were found among absolute dry matter (GCDM), alcohol‐corrected toluene dry matter (ATDM) and VCODM contents based on the three drying temperatures (VCODM 100 , VCODM 85 and VCODM 60 ). A series of regression equations relating absolute DM content to oven DM content determined at different temperatures gave coefficients of 1·024, 1·013 and 1·000 and constants of 12·67, 11·43 and 11·16 for oven drying at 60°C, 85°C and 100°C respectively. Mathematical manipulation of these equations enables interconversion of DM contents at the three drying temperatures. A new method is described for the analysis of volatile fatty acid, lactic acid and alcohol concentrations in grass silage by gas–liquid chromatography using a single injection in an automated procedure that makes the routine estimation of VCODM a practical proposition to satisfy routine high‐volume requirements. Finally, in a separate study over 4 years using 2381 grass silages from research and commercial farms throughout Ireland, a simple regression is described, which, for advisory purposes, allows true silage DM content to be estimated from oven dry matter content (ODM) for silages in which ODM is >200 g kg –1 .
Half-watt high-power single mode superluminescent LED at 1335 nm with single-facet electro-optical efficiency of 28% (2005)

We report on half-Watt level single spatial mode superluminescent laser diode at 1335 nm. Output optical power in excess of 500 mW from a single facet of angle-striped waveguide was realized at 10°C of heatsink temperature with peak electro-optical efficiency of 28%. To our knowledge this is the highest optical power and electro-optic conversion efficiency in a SLED device reported so far in the literature. Further optimization could lead to revolutionary result: 1) the creation of a high power optical device (SLED) with electro-optical efficiencies approaching and/or exceeding that of Fabry-Perot lasers (counting both facet outputs) with absolute optical power levels compared to that of Fabry-Perot lasers, 2) Electro-optical efficiencies approaching internal quantum efficiencies which could well exceed the 70-80% range observed in present commercial semiconductor laser and light-emitting structures.
Performance Improvement of Bankruptcy Prediction using Credit Card Sales Information of Small &amp; Micro Business (2007)

Due to the poor financial statements which represent credit risk of small and micro business, it's been difficult to develop the credit evaluation model that reflects both consumer credit risk and business credit risk of small and micro business. The purpose of this study is to develop the credit evaluation model for small and micro businesses using credit card sales information in lieu of poor financial information. In order to develop the model, we derive some variables and analyze the relationship between good and bad credits. We find out that twelve variables are significant in predicting good or bad risk for small and micro business, which are categorized into the business period, scale for sale, a fluctuation in sales, sales pattern and business category's bankruptcy ratio, etc. We employ the new statistical learning technique, support vector machines (SVM) as a classifier. We use grid search technique to find out better parameter for SVM. The experimental result shows that credit card sales information could be a good substitute for the financial data on business credit risk in predicting the bankruptcy for small-micro businesses. In addition, we also find out that SVM performs best, when compared with other classifiers such as neural networks, CART, C5.0, multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA), and logistic regression analysis (IRA).
Antioxidant Property of an Ethanol Extract of the Stem of <i>Opuntia ficus-indica</i> var. <i>Saboten</i> (2002)

An ethanol extract of the stem of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OFS) was assessed to determine the mechanism(s) of its antioxidant activity. The ethanol extract exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation in a thiocyanate assay system. In addition, the OFS extract showed dose-dependent free-radical scavenging activity, including DPPH radicals, superoxide anions (O(2)(*-)), and hydroxyl radicals (*OH), using different assay systems. The OFS ethanol extract was also found to be effective in protecting plasmid DNA against the strand breakage induced by hydroxyl radicals in a Fenton's reaction mixture. Furthermore, the extract showed significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent protection of mouse splenocytes against glucose oxidase-mediated cytotoxicity. Finally, the OFS extract was characterized as containing a high amount of phenolics (180.3 mg/g), which might be the active compounds responsible for the antioxidant properties of the OFS extract.
Cyclin Y-mediated transcript profiling reveals several important functional pathways regulated by Cyclin Y in hippocampal neurons (2017)

Cyclin Y (CCNY), which is a cyclin protein known to play a role in cell division, is unexpectedly and thus interestingly expressed in non-proliferating neuronal cells. There have been only a few studies reporting the neuronal functions of CCNY in synapse remodeling and hippocampal long-term potentiation. Therefore, we here provide global and comprehensive information on the putative functions of CCNY in biological and functional pathways in neuronal systems. We adopted high-throughput RNA-sequencing technology for analyzing transcriptomes regulated by CCNY and utilized bioinformatics for identifying putative molecules, biological processes, and functional pathways that are possibly connected to CCNY functions in hippocampal neuronal cells of rats. We revealed that several enriched annotation terms and pathways associated with CCNY expression within neurons, including apoptosis, learning or memory, synaptic plasticity, actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway are targeted by CCNY. In addition, the mRNA levels of some genes enriched for those annotation terms and pathways or genes reported to be altered in Alzheimer's disease mouse model were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR in hippocampal neuronal cells. The present study provides an excellent resource for future investigations of CCNY functions in neuronal systems.
<i>Alpha</i>  4 integrin directs virus-activated CD8+ T cells to sites of infection. (1995)

This article examines the role of VLA-4 in directing lymphocytes to sites of viral infection using the murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection (LCMV) as the model system. This virus by itself induces little or no inflammation, but in most mouse/virus strain combinations a potent T cell response is induced, which is associated with marked CD8+ cell-mediated inflammation. Two expressions of LCMV-induced inflammation were studied: meningitis induced by intracerebral infection and adoptive transfer of virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity. Our previous studies have shown that LCMV infection results in the appearance of activated CD8+ cells with an increased expression of VLA-4. In this study we have compared various T cell high and low responder situations, and these experiments revealed that acute inflammation correlates directly with VLA-4 expression on splenic CD8+ cells. This correlation could be extended to CD4+ and B cells in chronically infected low responder DBA/2 mice. The vascular ligand for VLA-4, VCAM-1, was found to be up-regulated on endothelial cells in sites of inflammation. Finally, preincubation of virus-primed donor cells with mAb to VLA-4 completely blocked the ability to transfer virus-specific, delayed-type hypersensitivity when the donor cells were given i.v., but not when the cells were injected directly into the test site. Co-transfer of CD8-depleted cells with anti-VLA-4-blocked cells did not reveal any cooperation. Taken together, these results indicate that VLA-4 play a critical role in lymphocyte homing during systemic virus infections and are involved in directing virus-specific CD8+ effector cells to sites of infection.
Isolation and <sup>1</sup>H‐NMR Spectroscopic Identification of Poly(3‐Hydroxybutanoate) from Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Organisms (1994)

Trace amounts of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate] were isolated from competent Escherichia coli, spinach, bovine serum albumin, beef heart mitochondria, and aortal tissues, all sources in which it is not accumulated as storage material. Its identity was in all cases proved by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. In some runs, the poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate] isolated from competent E. coli also contained some 3-hydroxyvalerate, an observation confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The absolute configuration of the polymers isolated from E. coli and spinach was shown to be (all-R) by gas chromatography on chiral columns.
Alterations in polyamine levels in amniotic fluid, plasma and urine during normal pregnancy. (1985)

Polyamines have a close relationship with rapid cell proliferation. We measured polyamine levels in amniotic fluid, maternal plasma and urine during normal pregnancy. Plasma putrescine, spermidine and spermine gradually increased in the third trimester and reached the highest concentration at the end of pregnancy. There was a significant correlation between the level of these polyamines and the level of plasma estradiol and progesterone. In urine, putrescine and spermine increased with the progress of gestation and reached the highest level during the 8th to 10th months of gestation. In amniotic fluid, putrescine and spermidine concentrations were significantly high in the first trimester and decreased in the other trimesters, whereas spermine showed no significant change. Polyamine concentrations in maternal plasma and urine appear to reflect not only fetal metabolic changes but also the metabolic changes of the pregnant women, and to be influenced by several hormones which increase during pregnancy. Polyamines in amniotic fluid mainly reflect activated fetal metabolism and may be useful as biochemical indicators of fetal growth.
Respiratory Source Control Using Surgical Masks With Nanofiber Media (2014)

Substituting nanofiber for conventional filter media significantly reduced face mask airflow resistance directing more airflow through the face mask resulting in enhanced filtration. Respiratory source control efficacy similar to that achieved through the use of an N95 respirator worn by the source and decreased airflow resistance using nanofiber masks may improve compliance and reduce receiver exposure.
Electrogeneration of Hydroxyl Radicals on Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes (2003)

The electrogeneration of hydroxyl radicals was studied at a synthetic B-doped diamond (BDD) thin film electrode. Spin trapping was used for detection of hydroxyl radicals with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide and with salicylic acid using ESR and liq. chromatog. measurements, resp. The prodn. of H2O2 and competitive oxidn. of formic and oxalic acids were also studied using bulk electrolysis. Oxidn. of salicylic acid gives hydroxylated products (2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids). The oxidn. process on BDD electrodes involves hydroxyl radicals as electrogenerated intermediates. [on SciFinder (R)]
Quantitative susceptibility mapping‐based cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen mapping with minimum local variance (2017)

Minimum local variance-based CMRO<sub>2</sub> mapping without vascular challenge using QSM and arterial spin labeling is feasible in healthy subjects. Magn Reson Med 79:172-179, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.