gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The structural basis of pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease: remodelling, rarefaction or angiogenesis? (2002)

Chronic lung disease in humans is frequently complicated by the development of secondary pulmonary hypertension, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Hypoxia, inflammation and increased shear stress are the primary stimuli although the exact pathways through which these initiating events lead to pulmonary hypertension remain to be completely elucidated. The increase in pulmonary vascular resistance is attributed, in part, to remodelling of the walls of resistance vessels. This consists of intimal, medial and adventitial hypertrophy, which can lead to encroachment into and reduction of the vascular lumen. In addition, it has been reported that there is a reduction in the number of blood vessels in the hypertensive lung, which could also contribute to increased vascular resistance. The pulmonary endothelium plays a key role in mediating and modulating these changes. These structural alterations in the pulmonary vasculature contrast sharply with the responses of the systemic vasculature to the same stimuli. In systemic organs, both hypoxia and inflammation cause angiogenesis. Furthermore, remodelling of the walls of resistance vessels is not observed in these conditions. Thus it has been generally stated that, in the adult pulmonary circulation, angiogenesis does not occur. Prompted by previous observations that chronic airway inflammation can lead to pulmonary vascular remodelling without hypertension, we have recently shown, using quantitative stereological techniques, that angiogenesis can occur in the adult pulmonary circulation. Pulmonary angiogenesis has also been reported in some other conditions including post-pneumonectomy lung growth, metastatic disease of the lung and in biliary cirrhosis. Such angiogenesis may serve to prevent or attenuate increased vascular resistance in lung disease. In view of these more recent data, the role of structural alterations in the pulmonary vasculature in the development of pulmonary hypertension should be carefully reconsidered.
Particle Clogging in Radial Flow: Microscale Mechanisms (2006)

Summary Fluid-flow-driven particle migration through porous networks reflects the interplay between various particle-level forces, the relative size between migrating particles and pore constrictions, and the spatial variability of the velocity field. Experimental evidence shows that particle migration in radial fluid flow results in self-stabilizing annular clogging patterns when the particle size approaches the constriction size. Conversely, flow localization and flushing instability are observed when the particle size is significantly smaller than the pore-throat size.
The Effects of Temperature Variation on Data Center IT Systems (2013)

Data centers are constantly growing in order to meet the demands of new technologies such as cloud computing and e-commerce. In such paradigms, periods of downtime can lead to financial losses of millions of dollars and permanently damage a company's reputation. Several factors affect the availability of IT systems in data centers, among them temperature variations within the data center room. This paper proposes an approach for evaluating the effect of such temperature changes on data center IT systems. In this approach, the evaluation is accomplished with stochastic Petri net (SPN) models which simulate the impact of temperature on the availability of variously specified IT and cooling architectures. A case study is included to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed models.
Complexity-reduced decoding algorithm for unmodulated parallel-combinatory high-compaction multicarrier modulation signals (2008)

A new decoding algorithm that consists of two decoding stages to reduce the complexity of the maximum likelihood decoding for parallel combinatory high-compaction multi-carrier modulation is presented. The first decoding stage is in charge of a preliminary decision that coarsely searches the candidates using the QRD-M algorithm, and the second decoding stage is responsible for the final decision that recovers the message data using the candidates chosen in the first decoding stage. The proposed two-stage decoding algorithm is shown to be effective with respect to bit-error rate performance, with a small increase in computational complexity, compared to the one-stage decoding using the QRD-M algorithm.
The 'Dresden Image Database' for benchmarking digital image forensics (2010)

This paper introduces and documents a novel image database specifically built for the purpose of development and bench-marking of camera-based digital forensic techniques. More than 14,000 images of various indoor and outdoor scenes have been acquired under controlled and thus widely comparable conditions from altogether 73 digital cameras. The cameras were drawn from only 25 different models to ensure that device-specific and model-specific characteristics can be disentangled and studied separately, as validated with results in this paper. In addition, auxiliary images for the estimation of device-specific sensor noise pattern were collected for each camera. Another subset of images to study model-specific JPEG compression algorithms has been compiled for each model. The 'Dresden Image Database' will be made freely available for scientific purposes when this accompanying paper is presented. The database is intended to become a useful resource for researchers and forensic investigators. Using a standard database as a benchmark not only makes results more comparable and reproducible, but it is also more economical and avoids potential copyright and privacy issues that go along with self-sampled benchmark sets from public photo communities on the Internet.
IBD Around the world: Comparing the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment (2010)

Every May 29th the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) celebrates World Digestive Health Day (WDHD) and initiates a worldwide public health campaign through its 110 national societies and 50,000 members. Each year focuses on a particular digestive disorder in order to increase general public awareness of prevention and therapy. 2010 is dedicated to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Upon this occasion a WGO IBD task force was compiled from leading international specialists and researchers. The task force also included members of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Diseases (IOIBD) and the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO) of the United European Gastroenterology Federation (UEGF). The goal of the task force was to bring together IBD specialists from around the world to discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of IBD within different regions. This is a summary of the WGO task force meeting at the American Gastroenterological Association's (AGA) Digestive Disease Week, held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, May, 2010. The expert panel identified the most pressing issues in IBD worldwide: reliable epidemiological data, global collaboration in clinical and basic research, the approach to distinguishing intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn's disease, access to specialist care and access to the latest diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Chiral Liquid Crystalline Ionomers Containing Sulfonic Acid Groups and Isosorbide (2013)

In order to explore the effect of ionic groups on the properties of the liquid-crystalline polymers, a series of new main-chain liquid-crystal ionomers (LCIs) were prepared from sebacoyl chloride (SD), brilliant yellow (BY) and various amount of 4, 4-Dihydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl Benzalazine (DDBA) and isosorbide (ISO). The structures of the polymers were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopies. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the thermal properties of the polymers. The mesogenic properties were investigated by polarized optical microscope (POM), differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction measurements. The results show that the LCIs are chiral smectic C (SC*) and nematic (N) LCIs exhibiting broken focal-conic texture and schlieren texture. The introduction of ionic units in the LCIs led to the clearing point and mesogenic temperature range increasing and the glass-temperature decreasing, but did not affect the mesogenic type and texture, as compared with the corresponding polymer P0.
Dielectric effects of moisture in polyimide (1989)

Measurements of the complex permittivity of polyimide (PI) films in a temperature range from 80 to 325 K are reported. Two loss peaks show the pronounced influence of absorbed water on this part of the relaxation spectrum. Since these loss peaks can be removed by drying the film, it is concluded that the water dipole causes this relaxation process and not an intrinsic dipole of the PI chain. Different sites in neighboring PI chains are proposed to explain the two loss peaks and the temperature dependence of the relaxation strength. The activation energies expected for the proposed sites agree well with the activation energies determined by the measurements. The relaxational strength calculated by assuming noninteracting water molecules which relax as point defects is in good agreement with the measurements. A simple model, the hindered rotation of the water dipoles, is able to explain all the features of the measured loss curves without requiring complicated movements of chain segments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural analyses of the 7SK ribonucleoprotein (RNP), the most abundant human small RNP of unknown function. (1991)

The human 7SK ribonucleoprotein (RNP) has been analyzed to determine its RNA secondary structure and protein constituents. HeLa cell 7SK RNA alone and within its RNP have been probed by chemical modification and enzymatic cleavage, and sites of modification or cleavage have been mapped by primer extension. The resulting secondary structure suggests that structural determinants necessary for capping (a 5' stem followed by the sequence AUPuUPuC) and nuclear migration (the sequence AUPuUPuC) of 7SK RNA may be similar to those for U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA). It also supports existence of a 3' stem structure which could serve to self-prime cDNA synthesis during pseudogene formation. Oligonucleotide-directed RNase H digestion indicated regions of 7SK RNA capable of base pairing with other nucleic acids. Antisense 2'-O-methyl RNA oligonucleotides were used to affinity select the 7SK RNP from an in vivo 35S-labeled cell sonic extract and identify eight associated proteins of 83, 48, 45, 43, 42, 21, 18, and 13 kDa. 7SK RNA has extensive sequence complementarity to U4 snRNA, within the U4/U6 base pairing domain, and also to U11 snRNA. The possibility that the 7SK RNP is an unrecognized component of the pre-mRNA processing machinery is discussed.
Chronic nicotine exposure reduces klotho expression and triggers different renal and hemodynamic responses in<i>klotho</i>-haploinsufficient mice (2018)

The klotho gene, which encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein and a secreted protein, is expressed predominantly by the distal renal tubules and is related to calcium phosphorus metabolism, ion channel regulation, intracellular signaling pathways, and longevity. Klotho deficiency aggravates acute kidney injury and renal fibrosis. Exposure to nicotine also worsens kidney injury. Here, we investigated renal Klotho protein expression in a mouse model of chronic (28-day) nicotine exposure, in which mice received nicotine or vehicle (saccharine) in drinking water, comparing wild-type (WT) mice, klotho-haploinsufficient ( kl/+) mice, and their respective controls, in terms of the effects of that exposure. Nicotine exposure was associated with a significant decline in renal Klotho expression in WT and kl/+ mice as well as a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate in WT mice. Although plasma electrolytes were similar among the groups, fractional excretion of sodium was reduced in both nicotine-exposed groups. The nicotine-WT mice presented augmented baroreflex sensitivity to nitroprusside and augmented sympathetic cardiac modulation. However, nicotine- kl/+ mice presented higher plasma levels of urea and aldosterone together with a higher α-index (spontaneous baroreflex) and higher peripheral sympathetic modulation, as evaluated by spectral analysis. We can conclude that nicotine downregulates Klotho expression as well as that renal and autonomic responses to nicotine exposure are modified in kl/+ mice.
Role of Druze high schools in Israel in shaping students’ identity and citizenship (2010)

This study investigated how two Israeli Druze high schools shape the identity and citizenship of adolescents through curriculum, teaching, discourse, social activities and national ceremonies. Data were collected through interviews with teachers, the two school principals, policymakers for Druze education in the Ministry of Education, and students, as well as through observations and document analysis. The research found that the Israeli Druze school system plays a significant role in shaping students’ identity and citizenship in the difficult Israeli context, developing adolescents who are firmly rooted in both Druze and Israeli identity. Four central mechanisms were found to infuse the schools in order to accomplish these goals. These were characterized as multi-faceted values education, multi-faceted development of students’ identity and citizenship, meaningful learning and the community good. The commitment of Druze educators to building strong Druze-Israeli identity in their students was seen to spring from Druze religious beliefs and from the unique position of the Druze among other Arab groups in Israel.
Electrostatic transducers for micromechanical resonators: free space and solid dielectric (2006)

Three electrostatic transduction methods are analyzed for a micromechanical, longitudinal mode, beam resonator. The conventional parallel plate transducer placed at the location of maximum displacement is compared to two solid, dielectric transducers internal to the resonator. Although the solid dielectric offers higher permittivity than the free-space-filled transducers, the unfavorable locations of the internal transducers reduce or even remove the performance advantage of the higher permittivity.
Prism-Based Color Separation for Professional Digital Photography (2000)

In the field of silver-halide photography, color separation was explored about a century ago, using filter mosaics, dichroic mirrors, three-shot filtration, and other techniques, before the dominant technology of multi-layered color film emerged. In the field of digital photography, the same techniques are being explored now in conjuction with silicon sensor technology. The three-shot technique, and the related tri-linear scanning technique, can deliver excellent images, but are awkward to employ and unsuitable for subjects that move. The filter-mosaic aproach is currently dominant in the digital camera market, but its inevitable aliasing artifacts limit its applicability in the professional end of the business. The use of dichroic mirrors, embedded in prisms as in color-TV cameras, has been attempted by a few camera vendors, so far with limited success. The demand for better digital images, however, has provided a continuing incentive to work on making this three-sensor approach feasible. Several key problems must be solved to make a viable professional camera using this approach: first, sensors with high enough resolution and image quality must be made at a cost that allows three of them to be included in a product; second, a prism must be designed for good color reproduction fidelity and must be economically and precisely manufactured; third, the three sensors must be optically aligned to the prism in a way that avoids ghost reflections and other problems; and finally, a whole new camera system needs to be designed around such a three-channel sensor assembly. This paper recounts some of the ways in which these problems are addressed in the design of the recently introduced Foveon Studio Camera, and provides qualitative assessments of the resulting advantages in image quality and usability.
Auto-ID application in construction (1996)

Auto-ID technologies such as bar coding have been used in the retailing and manufacturing industries for many years, yet their use within the construction industry has been very limited. The technology has improved considerably over the past 20 years and there are opportunities for its application to construction. This paper considers the technology and the barriers to its application in construction. Consideration is given to how other industries have adopted auto-ID and the driving forces of change. A framework for the development of an auto-ID standard in construction is described.
Update on Treatment Recommendations For Gonococcal Infections (1982)

Update on Treatment Recommendations For Gonococcal Infections Get access A. Eugene Washington A. Eugene Washington From the Venereal Disease Control Division, Center for Prevention Services, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 4, Issue Supplement_4, November-December 1982, Pages S758–S771, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/4.Supplement_4.S758 Published: 01 November 1982
Steric Stabilization of Core-Shell Nanoparticles in Liquid Carbon Dioxide at the Vapor Pressure (2004)

Nondilute nanoparticle dispersions were stabilized in liquid CO2 at 25 degrees C at pressures as low as the vapor pressure for greater than 30 min. By modifying hydrophilic silica with a trifunctional silylating agent, (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl)triethoxy silane, a cross-linked polymer shell was formed around the silica core. The presence of the shell led to weaker Hamaker interactions between approaching fluoro-silica composite particles and enabled dispersibility at weaker solvent conditions (low pressures) than for metals with larger Hamaker constants. Steric stabilization of the nanoparticles was provided by low-molecular-weight perfluorodecane side chains at the surface of the fluoro-silica composite shell. Compared to polymeric chains, the perfluorodecane side chains are more easily solvated and thus stabilize nanoparticle dispersions in CO2 at much lower pressures, even down to the vapor pressure.
Effect of oxygen on the thermal decomposition of cyclobutanone. A thermal triplet reaction (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of oxygen on the thermal decomposition of cyclobutanone. A thermal triplet reactionR. A. Back and M. H. BackCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 16, 2063–2064Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100479a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100479a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Associative retrieval method for scene synthesis database. (1989)

部品画像を蓄積し, 合成シーンの作成・変更を容易にするシーン合成用画像データベースを開発している.これに対し, キー画像に類似した画像を連想的に検索する連想検索方式を適用し, 画像自体をマンマシン対話手段とする画像検索機能を実現した.
NAD(P)H‐Dependent Dehydrogenases for the Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Ketones: Structure, Mechanism, Evolution and Application (2017)

Asymmetric reductive aminations are some of the most important reactions in the preparation of active pharmaceuticals, as chiral amines feature in many of the world's most important drugs. Although many enzymes have been applied to the synthesis of chiral amines, the development of reductive amination reactions that use enzymes is attractive, as it would permit the one-step transformation of readily available prochiral ketones into chiral amines of high optical purity. However, as most natural "reductive aminase" activities operate on keto acids, and many are able to use only ammonia as the amine donor, there is considerable scope for the engineering of natural enzymes for the reductive amination of ketones, and also for the preparation of secondary amines using alkylamines as donors. This review summarises research into the development of NAD(P)H-dependent dehydrogenases for the reductive amination of ketones, including amino acid dehydrogenases (AADHs), natural amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs), opine dehydrogenases (OpDHs) and imine reductases (IREDs). In each case knowledge of the structure and mechanism of the enzyme class is addressed, with a further description of the engineering of those enzymes for the reductive amination of ketones towards primary and also secondary amine products.
Automatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast time delay estimation based on extended recursive maximum correntropy algorithm (2016)

In this study, a novel adaptive algorithm, termed extended recursive maximum correntropy (EX‐RMC), is proposed to estimate the time delay of automatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast (ADS‐B), an up‐to‐date surveillance technology in civil aviation. The proposed algorithm is designed to deal with both the random time‐varying delay and the impulsive noise. The superiority of EX‐RMC in tracking time‐varying state of an unknown plant has been verified by simulation experiments. On‐site experiments are also carried out to demonstrate the practical value of the ADS‐B time delay estimation method based on EX‐RMC.
Improving the Performance of Post-FFT Array Processing in OFDM Systems with Short Training Sequences (2006)

Three techniques were simultaneously applied to reduce the size of the training sequence of the antenna elements to improve the performance of post-FFT OFDM adaptive antenna arrays used for interference cancellation. These techniques are subcarrier training concatenation; frame training concatenation; and weight averaging. Using these simple and easily applicable techniques, the size of the training sequence can be reduced to only one symbol for a four-element antenna array. In addition, better performance is achieved with the same length of training sequence for training lengths less than four symbols. Further, this method has low cost and low complexity and is easily compatible with any weighting algorithm. As an example of an OFDM based WLAN link, a Matlab Simulink model of 802.11a is considered. To include the effect of the antennas in more detail, a vector channel model is utilized