gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Update on Affibody molecules for in vivo imaging of targets for cancer therapy (2009)

An increasing specificity of the cancer treatment requires an accurate detection of cancer-associated molecular targets to avoid over- and undertreatment. Radionuclide molecular imaging is a pronitising way for visualisation of such targets. Affibody molecules (Affibody (R) molecules), small (7 kDa) robust scaffold proteins constitute a new promising class of high-affinity molecular probes for in vivo molecular imaging. Pre-clinical studies demonstrated a great potential of derivatives of Z(HER2:342) Affibody molecule to visualise expression of HER2 in tumour xenografts. Robustness of the Affibody scaffold enabled labelling in harsh conditions without loosing specificity of the HER2-binding. This paper provides an overview of the recent development of Affibody molecules. During the recent year, an important achievement was the development of site-specific labelling of Affibody molecules providing well-characterised uniform conjugates with defined biodistribution and targeting properties. The site-specific labelling was obtained either by an incorporation of chelators during peptides synthesis of Affibody molecules or by an introduction of a single cysteine in the originally cysteine-free Affibody scaffold and the use of a thiol-directed coupling. A feasibility of modification of the biodistribution of Affibody molecules by different chelators was another interesting fmding. This was demonstrated during development of mercaptoacetyl-containing peptide based chelators for Tc-99m-labelling of Affibody molecules. Several positron-emitting labels enabled the use of advantages of PET for Affibody-mediated radionuclide imaging. it was demonstrated that the rapid targeting of Affibody molecules is compatible with the use of such labels as Ga-68 and F-18.
Mechanisms of ion beam mixing in metals and semiconductors (1998)

Ion beam mixing was investigated in crystalline and amorphous semiconductors and metals using molecular dynamics simulations. The magnitude of mixing in an amorphous element compared to its crystalline counterpart was found to be larger by a factor of 2 or more. Mixing in semiconductors was found to be significantly larger than in a face-centered-cubic (fcc) metal of corresponding mass and atomic density. The difference in mixing between amorphous and crystalline materials is attributed to local relaxation mechanisms occurring during the cooling down phase of the cascade. Comparison of mixing in semiconductors and metals shows that short range structural order also has a significant influence on mixing. The mixing results in fcc metals indicate that the role of the electron–phonon coupling in the evolution of collision cascades may be less significant than previously thought.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy at single-molecule scale and its implications in biology (2012)

Single-molecule (SM) spectroscopy has been an exciting area of research offering significant promise and hope in the field of sensor development to detect targets at ultra-low levels down to SM resolution. To the experts and developers in the field of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), this has often been a challenge and a significant opportunity for exploration. Needless to say, the opportunities and excitement of this multidisciplinary area impacts span the fields of physics, chemistry and engineering, along with a significant thrust in applications constituting areas in medicine, biology, environment and agriculture among others. In this review, we will attempt to provide a quick snapshot of the basics of SM-SERS, nanostructures and devices that can enable SM Raman measurement. We will conclude with a discussion on SERS implications in biomedical sciences.
Calcium Dobesilate (CLS 2210) Protects the Myocardium in Early Acute Myocardial Infarction (1990)

To determine the effect of calcium dobesilate (CLS 2210) on biochemical markers of acute myocardial infarction, and thereby assess its action in limiting myocardial necrosis, this compound was administered intravenously by a randomized, double-blind technique to 23 of 41 patients suffering their first infarction. The remaining 18 patients received a placebo. Administration was begun within 3 h of onset of symptoms and continued for 72 h. Before and during treatment, blood samples were taken for measurement of the serum activity of creatine kinase and its isoenzyme MB, and the serum and urinary concentrations of myoglobin and glycosaminoglycans. Serum creatine kinase and serum and urinary myoglobin were significantly lower in the CLS 2210-treated patients than in the placebo patients throughout the 72 h (p = 0.01, 0.005, and 0.004, respectively). Serum creatine kinase MB and serum glycosaminoglycan in the CLS 2210 patients were initially higher than in the controls, but fell below the control levels between the 40th and 55th hours (p = 0.89 and 0.02, respectively). The glycosaminoglycan urinary concentrations alone were higher in the CLS 2210 group than in the placebo group throughout (p = 0.0005). These findings suggest that CLS 2210 reduces myocardial infarct size in human subjects, as it is already known to do in animals.
A Rapid Method of Staining Ultrathin Sections for Surgical Pathology TEM with the Use of the Microwave Oven (1985)

A rapid microwave method is described for staining ultrathin sections for surgical pathology transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three sets of Epon sections of human heart biopsy were mounted on unsupported 200-mesh Rhodium-coated copper grids and were stained with uranyl acetate (UA) and lead citrate. The first set of grids was stained for 15 seconds in each solution with the aid of a microwave oven, and the second set was stained routinely for 30 minutes in UA and 10 minutes in lead citrate at room temperature. The third control set was stained for 15 seconds in each solution without microwave bombardment. The overall image quality of the TEM micrographs generated by the "quick-stained" microwave enhanced sections was better than routine stained and control sections. The microwave-treated sections have more contrast, less artifacts in the form of precipitate, and a more uniform overall staining.
Transient expression in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> for rapid functional analysis of genes involved in non‐photochemical quenching and carotenoid biosynthesis (2016)

Plants must switch rapidly between light harvesting and photoprotection in response to environmental fluctuations in light intensity. This switch can lead to losses in absorbed energy usage, as photoprotective energy dissipation mechanisms can take minutes to hours to fully relax. One possible way to improve photosynthesis is to engineer these energy dissipation mechanisms (measured as non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence, NPQ) to induce and relax more quickly, resulting in smaller losses under dynamic light conditions. Previous studies aimed at understanding the enzymes involved in the regulation of NPQ have relied primarily on labor-intensive and time-consuming generation of stable transgenic lines and mutant populations - approaches limited to organisms amenable to genetic manipulation and mapping. To enable rapid functional testing of NPQ-related genes from diverse organisms, we performed Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana to test if NPQ kinetics could be modified in fully expanded leaves. By expressing Arabidopsis thaliana genes known to be involved in NPQ, we confirmed the viability of this method for studying dynamic photosynthetic processes. Subsequently, we used naturally occurring variation in photosystem II subunit S, a modulator of NPQ in plants, to explore how differences in amino acid sequence affect NPQ capacity and kinetics. Finally, we functionally characterized four predicted carotenoid biosynthesis genes from the marine algae Nannochloropsis oceanica and Thalassiosira pseudonana and examined the effect of their expression on NPQ in N. benthamiana. This method offers a powerful alternative to traditional gene characterization methods by providing a fast and easy platform for assessing gene function in planta.
Correlation between Chemical and Electrochemical Reactivity and dc Conduction in the Isotropic Phase of a Liquid Crystalline <i>p</i>-Methoxybenzylidene-<i>p-n</i>-butylaniline (1972)

Abstract Different mechanisms of ions generation that take place, either in the liquid volume or at a chemically inert electrode, have been distinguishedby polarographic study of hydrolysis and electrochemical oxidation which characterizes the p-methoxybenzylidene-p-n-butylaniline (MBBA) molecule. In both cases, the protonated form of MBBA has been identified. The analysis of low field electrical conductivity of highly purified samples gives information on mobility values and kinetic constants of dissociation and recombination of a presumed protonic weak electrolyte in solution. The main conclusion is that thermal dissociation of impurities is responsible for bulk residual conductivity while protonic injection plays a leading part in high field conduction in the liquid phase of MBBA.
Immunohistochemical differentiation between primary adenocarcinomas of the ovary and ovarian metastases of colonic and breast origin. Comparison between a statistical and an intuitive approach. (1999)

Using a semiquantitative assessment of the immunostaining results by a restricted panel of six antibodies with stepwise discriminant analysis, 80-90% of the adenocarcinomas of colon, breast, and ovary can be correctly classified. Discriminant analysis is computer aided and therefore an easy method and for each case a probability value of the classification result is obtained. The intuitive decision tree method provides a slightly better result, requires only four antibodies, and offers a more practical method for the surgical pathologist.
Prenatal diagnosis using interphase fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH): 2‐year multi‐center retrospective study and review of the literature (2001)

Since 1993, the position of the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) has been that prenatal interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is investigational. In 1997, the FDA cleared the AneuVysion assay (Vysis, Inc.) to enumerate chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y for prenatal diagnosis. Data is presented from the clinical trial that led to regulatory clearance (1379 pregnancies) and from retrospective case review on 5197 new pregnancies. These studies demonstrated an extremely high concordance rate between FISH and standard cytogenetics (99.8%) for specific abnormalities that the AneuVysion assay is designed to detect. In 29 039 informative testing events (6576 new and 22 463 cases in the literature) only one false positive (false positive rate = 0.003%) and seven false negative results (false negative rate = 0.024%) occurred. A historical review of all known accounts of specimens tested is presented (29 039 using AneuVysion and 18 275 specimens tested with other probes). These performance characteristics support a prenatal management strategy that includes utilization of FISH for prenatal testing when a diagnosis of aneuploidy of chromosome 13, 18, 21, X or Y is highly suspected by virtue of maternal age, positive maternal serum biochemical screening or abnormal ultrasound findings.
Detection of movement with laser speckle patterns: statistical properties (1998)

We present an optical method for detection of in-plane movement of a diffusing object. The technique is based on spatial filtering of the laser speckle pattern, which is produced by illumination of the object with coherent light. Two interlaced differential comb photodetector arrays act as a periodic filter to the spatial-frequency spectrum of the speckle pattern intensity. The detector produces a zero-offset, periodic output signal versus displacement that permits measurement of the movement at arbitrarily low speed. The direction of the movement can be detected with the help of the quadrature signal, which is produced by a second pair of interlaced comb photodetector arrays. When speckle size and period of the comb photodetector arrays are matched, the output signal versus displacement is quasi-sinusoidal with statistical amplitude and phase. First- and second-order statistics of the signal are investigated. First the probability density function and the autocorrelation function of the complex Fourier transform of the speckle pattern intensity are determined. Then the statistical properties of the spectrum of the filtered signal and of the signal itself are calculated. It turns out that the amplitude of the signal is Rayleigh distributed. Both the autocorrelation function of the signal and the probability density function of the measured phase difference for a given displacement are calculated. The potential accuracy of displacement measurements is analyzed. In addition, the signal quality is investigated with respect to the geometry of the detector. The theoretical results are experimentally verified.
Steamdrive Direct Contact Steam Generation for SAGD (2011)

Abstract In recent years there has been a shift in the Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) steam generation technologies from the traditional Once Through Steam Generator (OTSG) and lime based water softening towards the use of an evaporator and industrial High Pressure (HP) steam boilers. As a result, the available steam temperature and pressure exceeds the steam temperature that is required for injection into the underground formation. This excess steam enthalpy is the driver behind the steam generation method to be proposed. The method described is a revolutionary process for generating additional steam from highly contaminated oily water with an option for zero liquid waste discharge. The industrial boiler superheated steam is used as the driving force for generating additional steam in a direct contact heat transfer with the contaminated water. Fine Tailings from tailing ponds can be also used. The presented technology generates a "tailor made" pressure and temperature steam, as required for injection into the underground oil bearing formation. This newly developed technology allows generation of additional lower temperature steam from waste water in a high efficiency energy process. The simulation results show that an additional 8% – 24% steam (on a mass basis) can be generated from highly contaminated oily water. The amount of additional steam generated increases with the temperature of the driving steam, and with the reduction of the pressure of the formation. For low pressure shallow formations, additional steam can be produced in comparison to deep, high pressure formations. Another option is to recycle a portion of the produced steam through a heater and use it as the driving steam, and by that minimizing the need for external steam as a heat energy source. A portion of the oil component in the water feed will be converted into hydrocarbon gas that is expected to show similar behavior to a solvent. Additional solvents can be added and injected with the steam to improve the oil recovery. The presented technology has a high thermal efficiency capable of consuming contaminated hot produced water, without the need to reduce their heat to allow effective water treatment. The technology "fits" in the gap between the HP superheated steam and the injection steam while allowing the producers to maximize the advantages and benefits from the use of evaporators and steam boilers for SAGD oil production and can convert the existence of oil contaminate within the feed water into an advantage by replacing the solvent. This steam generation direct contact facility can be located in close proximity to the SAGD pads to use the hot produced water and inject the produced steam into the injection wells.
Experimental Investigation of the Operating Parameters Affecting Hydrogen Production Process through Alkaline Water Electrolysis (2010)

Alkaline water electrolysis is considered to be a basic technique for hydrogen production. Many researchers have investigated the alkaline water electrolysis in order to promote electrochemical reaction. In the present paper, the effects of voltage, electrolyte concentration and space between the pair of electrodes on the amount of hydrogen produced and consequently on the overall electrolysis efficiency are experimentally investigated. The experimental measurements are carried out by the present authors at the fluid mechanics laboratory of Menoufiya University. The alkaline water electrolysis of different potassium hydroxide aqueous solutions is conducted under atmospheric pressure using stainless steel electrodes. The experimental results showed that the performance of water electrolysis unit is highly affected by the voltage input and the gap between the electrodes. Higher rates of produced hydrogen can be obtained at smaller space between the electrodes and also at higher voltage input. Higher system efficiency was also gained at smaller gap distances between the pair of electrodes.
COMBINING LOW-COST INERTIAL SYSTEMS WITH GPS APPLICATIONS FOR GENERAL AVIATION (2004)

In this article, the authors discuss the potential use of low-cost inertial systems for general aviation applications. The following potential applications are examined for lost-cost Global Positioning System (GPS)-INS: attitude and heading reference system for advanced navigation displays; aiding GPS code- and/or carrier-tracking loops with INS; bridging over short-term GPS outages; and, inertial coasting after the loss of GPS. Based on the results from a series of simulations and real-world tests, the authors highlight the expected performance of the systems and the various implementation challenges.
8×8 element hybridised PLZT/silicon spatial light modulator array (1989)

The design, fabrication and preliminary characterisation of a novel hybridised silicon/PLZT electro-optic spatial light modulator are reported. Modulation in excess of 10 dB is achieved at a drive of 30 V, with a response time less than 5 μs in a 64-element array.
A joint spatio-temporal filtering approach to efficient prediction in video compression (2013)

A novel filtering approach that naturally combines information from both intra-frame and motion compensated referencing for efficient prediction is proposed to fully exploit the spatio-temporal correlations of video signals, thereby achieving superior compression performance. Inspiration was drawn from our recent work on extrapolation filter based intra prediction, which views the spatial signal as a non-separable first-order Markov process and employs a 3-tap recursive filter to effectively capture the statistical characteristics. This work significantly extends the scope to further incorporate motion compensated reference in a filtering framework, whose coefficients were optimized via a “k-modes”-like iteration that accounts for various factors in the compression process including variation in statistics in the prediction loop, to minimize the rate-distortion cost. Experiments validate the efficacy of the proposed spatio-temporal approach, which translates into consistent coding performance gains.
Arabidopsis Genes Essential for Seedling Viability: Isolation of Insertional Mutants and Molecular Cloning (2001)

We have undertaken a large-scale genetic screen to identify genes with a seedling-lethal mutant phenotype. From screening approximately 38,000 insertional mutant lines, we identified >500 seedling-lethal mutants, completed cosegregation analysis of the insertion and the lethal phenotype for >200 mutants, molecularly characterized 54 mutants, and provided a detailed description for 22 of them. Most of the seedling-lethal mutants seem to affect chloroplast function because they display altered pigmentation and affect genes encoding proteins predicted to have chloroplast localization. Although a high level of functional redundancy in Arabidopsis might be expected because 65% of genes are members of gene families, we found that 41% of the essential genes found in this study are members of Arabidopsis gene families. In addition, we isolated several interesting classes of mutants and genes. We found three mutants in the recently discovered nonmevalonate isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway and mutants disrupting genes similar to Tic40 and tatC, which are likely to be involved in chloroplast protein translocation. Finally, we directly compared T-DNA and Ac/Ds transposon mutagenesis methods in Arabidopsis on a genome scale. In each population, we found only about one-third of the insertion mutations cosegregated with a mutant phenotype.
Synergistic Up-Regulation of Epithelial Cell Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Secretion in Tuberculosis (2007)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) kills approximately 2 million people each year. MTb must drive host tissue destruction to disseminate and also to cause pulmonary cavitation. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B) is implicated in this Tb-related immunopathology. We demonstrate that conditioned media from MTb-infected monocytes (CoMTb), but not direct infection with MTb, up-regulates MMP-9 gene expression and secretion from primary human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE). MMP-9 secretion was increased 8.7-fold by CoMTb (P < 0.05) as assayed by gelatin zymography. A549 and 16HBE14o epithelial cell MMP secretion was significantly less than primary NHBE secretion. MMP-9 secretion was decreased 53.2% by inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by SB203580 (P < 0.01) and 48.3% by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase with PD98059 (P < 0.05). MMP-9 secretion was prostaglandin independent. TNF-alpha was necessary but not sufficient for MMP-9 up-regulation by the monocyte-epithelial cell network. Soluble factors derived from Tb culture synergized with TNF-alpha to increase MMP-9 secretion by NHBE 6-fold (P < 0.01 compared with either stimulus alone). Together, these data reveal a new mechanism by which host- and pathogen-derived factors act together in MTb infection to drive MAPK-dependent MMP-9 secretion from respiratory epithelial cells.
Interactions of isocyanide with transition metal complexes. XII. Crystal and molecular structure of .pi.-C5H5Fe(CO)[(C:NC6H11)(CNHC6H11)CH{CNHC(CH3)3}], a complex containing a bidentate ligand bonding to an iron atom by a .sigma.-bonded group and a carbene group (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractions of isocyanide with transition metal complexes. XII. Crystal and molecular structure of .pi.-C5H5Fe(CO)[(C:NC6H11)(CNHC6H11)CH{CNHC(CH3)3}], a complex containing a bidentate ligand bonding to an iron atom by a .sigma.-bonded group and a carbene groupKatsuyuki. Aoki and Yasuhiro. YamamotoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 1, 48–52Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50155a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50155a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts