gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reservoir Crude-Oil Viscosity Estimation from Wireline NMR Measurements—Rajasthan, India (2006)

Abstract In 2004, the Mangala, Aishwariya, and Bhagyam fields were discovered in Rajasthan, India. Oil viscosity is a main factor controlling performance from these high-permeability paraffinic reservoirs. PVT data show areal and vertical variations in crude properties. Meter-by-meter geochemical core data corroborates vertical variations in oil composition. Continuous wireline measurements of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) properties and station NMR properties from wells drilled with both water- based (WBM) and synthetic oil-based muds (OBM) were also used to calculate a viscosity profile. This paper correlates results from all techniques, and shows how NMR measurements can provide oil viscosity profiles in compositionally-complex pools. Black oil PVT samples typically test several meters of reservoir, while Rajasthan geochemical data is available at meter-scale. NMR logs provide continuous data, and calibrated to PVT and geochemistry, can provide the most detailed picture of in situ viscosity variations. Results were used to construct a detailed spatial description of the reservoir's in situ oil viscosity. The NMR data helped define a zone of biodegraded oil up to ~25 meters thick above the oil- water contact (OWC), and showed thin accumulations of higher- viscosity oil on top of minor shale layers within oil columns. The major conclusion is that detailed in situ oil viscosity profiles can be developed from conventional wireline T2 measurements. Techniques presented allow quick and accurate calculation of oil viscosity profiles from wireline logs, and can reduce the need for time-consuming detailed geochemical measurements. Results directly impacted the static and dynamic modelling of the Rajasthan fields and proposed waterflood designs (different for each field). Procedures described are generally applicable to reservoirs with similar datasets. Finally, the wealth of data presented allows a detailed examination of the viability of several approaches advocated for estimating in situ oil viscosity from wireline NMR measurements.
Robot localization using ultrasonic sensors (2005)

In this paper, we explain the mobile robot localization system, which consists of ultrasonic emitters and receiving sensor array. Two or more ultrasonic emitters are installed on the beacon, which is also a charging station and ultrasonic signal receivers on the robot pick up the signal from the beacon. Based on the time measurement of the traveled ultrasonic waves, the robot determines its distance and orientation relative to the beacon. This system is actually deployed in the commercial cleaning robot, Roboking, released in the market in late 2004.
Translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum. I. Signal recognition protein (SRP) binds to in-vitro-assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory protein. (1981)

An 11S protein composed of six polypeptide chains was previously purified from a salt extract of dog pancreas microsomal membranes and shown to be required for translocation of nascent secretory protein across the microsomal membrane (Wistar and Blobel 1980 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77:7112-7116). This 11S protein, termed signal recognition protein (SRP), has been shown here (a) to inhibit translation in the wheat germ cell-free system selectively of mRNA for secretory protein (bovine preprolactin) but not of mRNA for cytoplasmic protein (alpha and beta chain of rabbit globin); (b) to bind with relatively low affinity (apparent KD less than 5 x 10(-5)) to monomeric wheat germ ribosomes; and (c) to bind selectively and with 6,000-fold higher affinity (apparent KD less than 8 x 10(-9)) to wheat germ ribosomes engaged in the synthesis of secretory protein but not to those engaged in the synthesis of cytoplasmic protein. Low- and high-affinity binding as well as the selective translation-inhibitory effect were abolished after modification of SRP by N-ethyl maleimide. High-affinity binding and the selective translation-inhibitory effect of SRP were largely abolished when the leucine (Leu) analogue beta-hydroxy leucine was incorporated into the nascent secretory polypeptide.
IMPROVED ORAL ABSORPTION OF L-365 260, A POORLY SOLUBLE DRUG (1996)

L-365,260, a specific and potent nonpeptide antagonist of the CCKB receptor, is under investigation for its potential utility in the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders. This drug has a very low aqueous solubility (< 2 micrograms mL-1). When L-365,260 was given orally as a suspension in 0.5% methylcellulose (5 mg kg-1), the absorption was rapid but incomplete. The peak concentrations occurred in about 30-40 min, and the bioavailability was 8.6% for the dog and 13.6% for the rat. The poor bioavailability could be attributed to poor absorption or extensive first-pass metabolism. By comparing the drug concentrations in the systemic circulation during portal and femoral (or cephalic) vein infusion, the hepatic first-pass metabolism was estimated to be 0.30 for the rat and 0.14 for the dog, suggesting that first-pass metabolism is not the main reason for the low bioavailability of the drug in rats and dogs. The limited bioavailability is, therefore, more likely due to its poor absorption as a result of its poor aqueous solubility and slow dissolution rate. However, while the absorption was substantially improved when the drug was given orally as a solution in PEG 600 solution, the bioavailability increased threefold to fourfold in rats and sixfold to sevenfold in dogs. Although the underlying mechanism for the improved absorption is unknown, PEG 600 may have exerted a cosolubilizing effect which enhances the dissolution rate of L-365,260 in the GI tract, resulting in better absorption. Kinetic analysis by a deconvolution technique revealed that PEG 600 increased both the extent and rate of absorption. These results are consistent with the notion that absorption of L-365,260 is rate limited by its dissolution rate. The data from these animal studies provides valuable information in selecting the formulation for clinical trials.
Candidate HIV Type 1 Multideterminant Cluster Peptide-P18MN Vaccine Constructs Elicit Type 1 Helper T Cells, Cytotoxic T Cells, and Neutralizing Antibody, All Using the Same Adjuvant Immunization (1996)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and Th1 cells have been suggested to play a critical role in the control of HIV infection. It is therefore considered that a vaccine that induces a strong Th1 response and CTL response would be more efficacious than one that does not in providing protection against infection and progression toward AIDS. In this study we show that immunization with vaccine constructs consisting of multideterminant cluster peptides containing Th epitopes from the HIV-1IIIB envelope colinearly synthesized to peptide 18MN, is capable of inducing a Th1 response in mice and, dependent on this help, both cytotoxic T cell responses and neutralizing antibody toward the homologous strain of HIV. Moreover, the cytotoxic T cell response elicited by immunization with a mixture of cluster peptide-P18MN vaccine constructs was at least as cross-reactive against known viral variant P18 target sequences as a CTL line produced by immunization with a vaccinia construct expressing recombinant gp160 MN. Four adjuvants were compared to optimize both CTL and antibody responses. A single adjuvant formulation of peptide in ISA 51 could elicit all three: Th1 cells, CTLs, and neutralizing antibody. Thus, immunization directed toward the development of a cytotoxic T cell response does not preclude the development of neutralizing antibody and vice versa, i.e., the responses are not mutually exclusive. The immunization protocol described here should be directly applicable for study in clinical trials aimed at HIV-1 immunotherapy or prophylaxis.
Zinc Protoporphyrin: A Metabolite with a Mission (1999)

Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) is a normal metabolite that is formed in trace amounts during heme biosynthesis. The final reaction in the biosynthetic pathway of heme is the chelation of iron with protoporphyrin. During periods of iron insufficiency or impaired iron utilization, zinc becomes an alternative metal substrate for ferrochelatase, leading to increased ZnPP formation. Evidence suggests that this metal substitution is one of the first biochemical responses to iron depletion, causing increased ZnPP to appear in circulating erythrocytes. Because this zinc-for-iron substitution occurs predominantly within the bone marrow, the ZnPP/heme ratio in erythrocytes reflects iron status in the bone marrow. In addition, ZnPP may regulate heme catabolism through competitive inhibition of heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the heme degradation pathway that produces bilirubin and carbon monoxide. Physiological roles, especially relating to carbon monoxide and possibly nitric oxide production, have been suggested for ZnPP. Clinically, ZnPP quantification is valuable as a sensitive and specific tool for evaluating iron nutrition and metabolism. Diagnostic determinations are applicable in a variety of clinical settings, including pediatrics, obstetrics, and blood banking. ZnPP analytical methodologies for clinical studies are discussed. In addition to diagnostic tests and metabolic studies, ZnPP has a potential therapeutic application in controlling bilirubin formation in neonates as a preventive measure for hyperbilirubinemia. Biochemical research techniques, both in vivo and in vitro, are described for further studies into the role of ZnPP in metabolism and physiology.
Prevalence of inherited ichthyosis in France: a study using capture-recapture method (2014)

Our results constitute a crucial basis to properly size the necessary health measures that are required to improve patient care and design further clinical studies.
Adaptive impedance controller design for flexible-joint electrically-driven robots without computation of the regressor matrix (2011)

SUMMARY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper focus on the adaptive impedance control of robot manipulators with consideration of joint flexibility and actuator dynamics. Controller design for this problem is difficult because each joint of the robot has to be described by a fifth-order cascade differential equation. In this paper, a backstepping-like procedure incorporating the model reference adaptive control strategy is employed to construct the impedance controller. The function approximation technique is applied to estimate time-varying uncertainties in the system dynamics. The proposed control law is free from the calculation of the tedious regressor matrix, which is a significant simplification in implementation. Closed-loop stability and boundedness of internal signals are proved by the Lyapunov-like analysis with consideration of the function approximation error. Computer simulation results are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed scheme.
Quasi-exact optical analysis of oxide-apertured microcavity VCSELs using vector finite elements (1998)

We report a new full vector finite element model for analyzing the optical properties of azimuthally symmetric oxide-apertured vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). Our model allows for quasi-exact calculation of the lasing mode blueshift, threshold gain, and field profile. Through a detailed analysis of a sample VCSEL, we ascertain the physical effects which determine diffractive or parasitic mode loss. They are: 1) the background density of parasitic modes and 2) the coupling strength between the lasing mode and the parasitic mode continuum. The coupling strength is in turn determined by the relative alignment between the lasing and parasitic mode propagation vectors and the lasing mode penetration into the oxide region. This analysis improves our understanding of the optical physics of apertured VCSELs and should enable the next leap down in lasing threshold.
Reconstruction and enhancement of active thermographic image sequences (2003)

Active thermography has gained broad acceptance as a non- destructive evaluation method for numerous in-service and manufactur- ing applications in the aerospace industry. However, because of the dif- fusive nature of the process, it is subject to blurring and degradation of the signal as one attempts to image deeper subsurface features. Despite this constraint, active thermographic response is deterministic, to the extent that the postexcitation time evolution for a defect-free sample can be accurately predicted using a simple one-dimensional model. In the patented thermal signal reconstruction method, the time history of every pixel in the field of view is compared to such a model in the logarithmic domain, where deviations from ideal behavior are readily identifiable. The process separates temporal and spatial nonuniformity noise compo- nents in the image sequence and significantly reduces temporal noise. Time-derivative images derived from the reconstructed data allow detec- tion of subsurface defects at earlier times in the sequence than conven- tional contrast images, significantly reducing undesirable blurring effects and facilitating detection of low-thermal-contrast features that may not be detectable in the original data sequence. © 2003 Society of Photo-Optical In-
600 V / 5 A FET-triggered lateral opto-triac (1982)

Besides being used in the production of MOS transistors, the SIPMOS® (short for Siemens Power MOS) technology permits the manufacture of components in which bipolar and MOS structures are functionally integrated, e.g. an FET-controlled optotriac. This component consists of two inverse-parallel connected lateral thyristors which are driven with the aid of vertical MOS transistors. A highly sensitive phototransistor supplies the gate voltage of the vertical MOS transistors. The lateral thyristors are implemented by means of interlocking, finger-like structures which enable good chip utilization. The triac features a 4 × 4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip and has a blocking voltage of more than 600 V in both directions. An LED current of 2 mA is sufficient to trigger the component. For a continuous current of 5 A this results in a current-transfer-ratio of 2,500 to 1.
Instantaneous GPS attitude determination (2003)

The author describes a procedure for instantaneous GPS (Global Positioning System) attitude determination, i.e., a solution for the GPS integrated carrier Doppler wavelength ambiguities using only measurements at a single epoch. Most previous techniques for solving the phase ambiguity problem have required some form of time history processing relying on GPS satellite and/or user motion to provide enough geometry change to eliminate false solutions. The algorithm described assumes three nonlinear antennas and integrated carrier Doppler measurements from four or more satellites. Double-difference processing provides at least three independent observables for the two antenna separation vectors to compute the three attitude Euler angles. The results obtained also suggest that arbitrarily large separations can be resolved since unambiguous carrier-smoothed pseudorange measurements could provide a coarse measurement with an accuracy falling within the resolution range of the algorithm presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sensor Fusion for Effective Hand Motion Detection (2015)

Human hands have a critical role in many human activities. There are many applications in the field of human computer interaction where it is necessary to monitor human hand motions. Different technologies have been employed to track the human hand motion. However, many of those approaches did not work well in real life situations. This research focused on tracking the human hand motion so that it can be used regardless of location or environmental lightening. MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical sensors) inertial and magnetic sensors were used in this study for tracking the palm and the thumb motions.
Lapine and Canine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Contain Smooth Muscle Actin and Contract a Collagen-Glycosaminoglycan Matrix (2001)

Lapine and canine marrow stromal cells were found to contain a contractile actin isoform, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The SMA was found to be incorporated into stress fibers that were prominently displayed by the cells in monolayer culture. The cell content of this actin isoform increased with passage number. The contractility of SMA-expressing stromal cells was demonstrated by their contraction of collagen-glycosaminoglycan analogs of extracellular matrix into which they were seeded. The demonstration that marrow-derived stromal cells express the SMA gene may explain recent findings of this expression in musculoskeletal connective tissue cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and fibrochondrocytes that may be derived from this mesenchymal stem cell. The implications of these findings for tissue engineering strategies employing marrow stromal cells are also discussed.
Epidemiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Disease in Children (1973)

RESPIRATORY infections are the major cause of morbidity due to acute illnesses in the United States.1 Children may experience six to eight acute respiratory illnesses per year,2 3 4 many of which, particularly in infancy, will involve the lower respiratory tract.4 , 5 Mortality resulting from acute lower respiratory disease is a serious problem in children under five years of age.6 7 8 A large proportion of these illnesses have been ascribed to specific respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.9 , 10 Despite this information and the scientific knowledge and technical advances that have led to control of diseases such as poliomyelitis and measles, little progress has been . . .
Robust mandarin speech recognition in car environments for embedded navigation system (2008)

A low-cost robust Mandarin speech recognition system is investigated for embedded car navigation application. In the front-end, log-spectral minimum mean-square error (LogMMSE) estimation algorithm is applied to suppress the background noise, and a piece-wise linear function is used to approximate the traditional Taylor expansion in its gain function calculation to reduce the computational complexity. After speech enhancement, spectral smoothing is implemented in both time and frequency indexes with geometric sequence weights to further compensate the spectral components distorted by noise over-reduction. In acoustic model training, an immunity learning scheme is applied, in which pre-recorded car noise is artificially added to clean training utterances to simulate the in-car environment. In the context of Mandarin speech recognition, a special difficulty is the diversity of Chinese dialects, i.e. the pronunciation difference among accents degrades the recognition performance if the acoustic models are trained with a mismatched accented database. We propose to train the models with multiple accented Mandarin databases to deal with this problem. Evaluation results of isolated phrase recognition confirm the effectivity of the proposed technologies.
PVC-Based Hexathia-18-crown-6-tetraone Sensor for Mercury(II) Ions (1997)

A PVC membrane sensor for mercury(II) ions based on hexathia-18-crown-6-tetraone as membrane carrier was prepared. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Hg2+ ions over a wide concentration range (1.0 × 10-3−4.0 × 10-6 M). It has a relatively fast response time and can be used for at least 3 months without any considerable divergence in potentials. The proposed sensor revealed very good selectivities for Hg2+ over a wide variety of other metal ions and could be used in a pH range of 0.5−2.0. It was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of mercury ions.
Piezoelectric effects in strained layer superlattices (1987)

Because zinc‐blende structure semiconductors are piezoelectric, polarization fields can be generated in the constituent materials of strained‐layer superlattices by lattice‐mismatch‐induced strain. The orientation of the polarization fields depends on the superlattice growth axis. Because one of the constituent layers of the superlattice is in biaxial tension and the other is in biaxial compression, the sign of the polarization field is opposite in the two constituent layers making up the superlattice period. Thus, sheets of divergence of polarization occur at the interface for a longitudinal induced polarization and sheets of curl of polarization occur at the interface for a transverse induced polarization. For a [111] growth axis, the induced polarization is purely longitudinal; for a [110] growth axis, the induced polarization is purely transverse. For a general growth axis the induced polarization has both longitudinal and transverse components. The sheets of divergence of polarization generate intern...
Opportunities and Challenges for Use of SSM Forming in the Aerospace Industry (2006)

SSM is now considered an established technology to produce high integrity near net shape components for the automotive industry in particular. Although it is used extensively in the automotive industry, very little attention has been given to aerospace applications. SSM processing does demonstrate the potential to replace certain hogout components in commercial aircraft with the main aim to reduce costs while maintaining high strength to weight ratios. In order to achieve this it will require developing processes to reliably cast components with consistent properties to meet aerospace requirements. Since SSM forming is a relatively new process, materials properties data bases for components produced using this technique is very limited. One of the major challenges is the generation of a data base of material properties to assist design engineers for design of components, as well to assess the life expectancy and development maintenance schedules.
Origin of Reservoir Fractures in Little Knife Field, North Dakota (1984)

Thin, vertical, planar fractures observed in the Mission Canyon Formation, at the Little Knife field, are naturally occurring and appear to be extension fractures. The predominant east-west trend of the fractures, measured in oriented core from six wells, parallels the contemporary maximum horizontal compressive stress in the Williston basin. The fractures occur only in carbonate units, but within the carbonates their occurrence is not lithology dependent. Fracture density measured in cores of the reservoir carbonates averages 1 ft (.3 m) of fracture per 2.3 ft (.7 m) of core. The formation and mineralization of reservoir fractures were the most recent diagenetic events in the Mission Canyon Formation at Little Knife. Study of aqueous and hydrocarbon fluid inclusions associated with the fractures reveals: (1) fractures formed after the strata were buried to at least their present depth of 9,800 ft (2,987 m), which indicates their age is post-Mesozoic; (2) the pore-fluid pressure gradient was normal hydrostatic immediately after, if not during, fracture system development; (3) formation-water salinity has remained fairly constant since fracture initiation; (4) migration of hydrocarbons into the reservoir probably preceded fracture genesis; and (5) methane concentration may have decreased since fracture initiation.
A novel UWB antenna using PI-shaped matching stub for UWB applications (2008)

In this paper, we have proposed a compact UWB antenna with PI-shaped (pi-shaped) matching stub for UWB applications. The antenna has a modified trapezoidal radiating patch, a PI-shaped matching stub, CPW feeding, and two steps for impedance matching. To evaluate the dispersion performance of the designed UWB antenna, the path loss (|S21|) and the group delay are simulated and measured. Details of the proposed antenna design and the simulated and measured results are presented and discussed.