gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MICROSOMES AND ISOLATED SUBCELLULAR MEMBRANES FROM RAT LIVER (1974)

The series introduced by this paper reports the results of a detailed analysis of the microsomal fraction from rat liver by density gradient centrifugation. The biochemical methods used throughout this work for the determination of monoamine oxidase, NADH cytochrome c reductase, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase, catalase, aminopyrine demethylase, cytochromes b(5) and P 450, glucuronyltransferase, galactosyltransferase, esterase, alkaline and acid phosphatases, 5'-nucleotidase, glucose 6-phosphatase, alkaline phosphodiesterase I, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, nucleoside diphosphatase, aldolase, fumarase, glutamine synthetase, protein, phospholipid, cholesterol, and RNA are described and justified when necessary.
Steering law design for redundant single-gimbal control moment gyroscopes (1990)

Two steering laws are presented for single-gimbal control moment gyroscopes. An approach using the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse with a nondirectional null-motion algorithm is shown by example to avoid internal singularities for unidirectional torque commands, for which existing algorithms fail. Because this is still a tangent-based approach, however, singularity avoidance cannot be guaranteed. The singularity robust inverse is introduced as an alternative to the pseudoinverse for computing torque-producing gimbal rates near singular states. This approach, coupled with the nondirectional null algorithm, is shown by example to provide better steering law performance by allowing torque errors to be produced in the vicinity of singular states.
Aminosilane functionalizations of mesoporous oxidized silicon for oligonucleotide synthesis and detection (2013)

Direct solid phase synthesis of peptides and oligonucleotides (ONs) requires high chemical stability of the support material. In this work, we have investigated the passivation ability of porous oxidized silicon multilayered structures by two aminosilane compounds, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane (APDMES), for optical label-free ON biosensor fabrication. We have also studied by spectroscopic reflectometry the hybridization between a 13 bases ON, directly grown on the aminosilane modified porous oxidized silicon by in situ synthesis, and its complementary sequence. Even if the results show that both devices are stable to the chemicals (carbonate/methanol) used, the porous silica structure passivated by APDMES reveals higher functionalization degree due to less steric hindrance of pores.
The effect of noise and high-pass filtering on the estimation of mean blood velocity using wide and narrow ultrasound beams (1996)

Recently, a new method of analysis has been proposed for the calculation of a Doppler frequency proportional to mean blood velocity for the case where the Doppler beam is assumed to be of negligible thickness compared to the vessel diameter, and the velocity profile is axisymmetric and monotonic increasing from the vessel wall to the vessel center. Such analysis of the Doppler signal is an alternative to that commonly performed under the assumption that the beam insonates the vessel uniformly. Errors in each method are found and compared for the case where the Doppler signal is contaminated by noise, and for the case where the signal is subjected to an ideal high-pass filter. The frequency resulting from the new method of analysis is affected by low-frequency perturbations approximately twice as much as that resulting from the standard method. However, the new method is much more immune to high frequency perturbations. If each method is used with the beam shape for which it is appropriate then, for a given velocity profile, each method is equally affected by the use of the same ideal high-pass filter.
TraitMill: a Discovery Engine for Identifying Yield-enhancement Genes in Cereals (2010)

Transgenesis is a powerful and effective mode to study plant development. CropDesign has developed the TraitMill platform, a high-throughput technology that enables large-scale transgenesis and plant evaluation. The TraitMill is a highly versatile tool for testing the effect of genes and gene combinations on plant phenotypes. It can be used to successfully evaluate hundreds of independent promoter-genes combinations per year, either under optimal growth conditions or under different abiotic or nutrient stress regimes. The TraitMill platform operates in rice and is specially designed to measure alterations in growth with high sensitivity. To date TraitMill is the only platform that combines these two features and is therefore uniquely placed to identify genes that improve the yield of cereals
Free radical photopolymerization process for fiber‐reinforced polymer: Effect on the mechanical properties (2018)

Glass–fiber‐reinforced polymers were manufactured either through a room temperature thermal curing or under ultraviolet (UV) light from a LED. The thermal system yields high performances when a post‐curing process at 65°C is applied. The photochemical curing leads to a composite in a faster timescale, albeit at the extent of the mechanical properties. It is found that in this case, impregnation and vacuum steps are too fast to allow a good wetting of the fibers, thereby leading to mechanical weaknesses and larger void volume. However, when applying longer vacuum and impregnation steps, the mechanical properties of the photochemically cured sample match the best thermally cured one. As a conclusion, it is shown that photochemical curing of glass–fiber‐reinforced polymer can lead to high performance composite provided that the preparation steps are well controlled.
An advanced interface to a switching software version management system (1989)

For a company to compete successfully in the market for switching systems, it requires a family of high quality products developed at reasonable cost. Since software development accounts for a significant portion of the cost of a switching system, it is imperative that a switching software project use the most productive development environment available. As with all large software projects, version management is a crucial component of this environment. The singular characteristics of the marketplace for switching systems, however, place special requirements on a version management system above and beyond those required for other large software projects. >
Establishment of a repeatable test procedure for measuring adhesion strength of particulates in contact with surfaces (2011)

The firm adhesion of flavouring particles onto snack surfaces during coating processes is a major concern in the snack production industry. Detachment of flavouring powders from products during handling and production stages can lead to poor appearance and reduced taste of the product as well as substantial financial losses for the industry, in terms of variable flavour performance and extended cleaning down time of fugitive particle build-up on process equipment. Understanding the adhesion strength of applied bulk particulates used for flavouring formulations will help analysts to evaluate the efficiency of coating processes and potentially enable them to assess the adhesion strength of newly formulated flavouring powder prior to commitment to full scale plant trials.\n\nMeeting this object has required the development of an over-arching review of the adhesion mechanisms as a primary step. Based on this overview to the work of previous researchers, technological gaps and promising techniques have been identified for further research and development. A prototype of a novel adhesion tester called an Impact Adhesion Tester (IAT) has been designed and constructed. The development of the overall tester design is presented, and details of its parts and the resulting tester are discussed.\n\nThe IAT and its experimental procedure were primarily designed and implemented for use in the snack industry, in particular, for the measurement and evaluation of the key factors affecting the adhesion behaviour of flavour powder onto snack surfaces qualitatively and quantitatively. This measurement can indicate the percent flavour powder loss within production stages (from coating to packing) and in package. \n\nThe instrument has been evaluated using different materials and substrates subjected to different coating conditions such as rotational speed of the drum, retention time in drum, the amount of surface oil and the amount of powder applied. By plotting the detachment versus impact force, the difference has been obtained between adhesion strength of different flavouring powders (which is a strong function of particle size, particle shape, particle density and surface oil content of the snack). In addition to the above work, ultra-centrifuge method was used as a reference for comparison.\n\nThe research work conducted using IAT on flavouring powders has proved the importance of particle adhesion strength and that the particle adhesion strength can reflect the changes in particle loss, based on particle characteristics as well as process conditions during snack production. It proved that bench size IAT would be a useful tester to measure adhesion strength of particles. The results obtained from experiments have confirmed that the tester may be able to usefully determine the variations between different powder materials. However the tester needs to be further evaluated by industrialists and researchers before possible use or commercialisation.
A volumetric approach to visualize holographic reconstructions (2003)

In synthetic holography, the emphasis has been on numerical simulation methods for the recording and reconstruction processes, but methods to visualize the calculated results are yet underdeveloped. We show how volume slicing and volume rendering using a threshold for translucency can be applied to synthetic holography. Results of the three-dimensional visualization of the reconstruction are presented, thereby illustrating the usefulness of the threshold operator.
Novel polymeric structures via the chlorination of <i>cis</i>‐1,4‐polybutadiene in the presence of aryl nucleophiles (1993)

Abstract The addition chlorination of cis ‐1,4‐polybutadiene in the presence of a variety of aryl nucleophiles resulted in the formation of head‐to‐head poly(vinyl chloride) with pendant aromatic functional groups. Chlorination in methylene chloride solution with benzoic acid gave chlorinated polymers with pendant benzoate esters. Chlorination in the presence of phenol and benzhydrol provided polymers with pendent phenyl and diphenyl methyl ethers, respectively. Acetophenone participated during chlorination to affored polymer with pendant α‐chloroether groups, while benzonitrile gave a polymer with pendant imidoyl chlorides. The extent of participation of these nucleophiles was estimated from elemental analysis and NMR spectral data, and the effect of aryl substitution on density, glass transition temperature, and linear coefficient of thermal expansion was determined. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Genomic Map of p53 Binding Sites Identifies Novel p53 Targets Involved in an Apoptotic Network (2005)

The transcriptional activity of the p53 protein is central to its role in tumor suppression. Identification of the complete repertoire of p53-regulated genes is critical for dissecting the complexity of the p53 network. Although several different approaches have been used to characterize the p53 genetic program, we still lack a comprehensive molecular understanding of how p53 prevents cancer. Using a computational approach, we generated a genome-wide map of p53 binding sites (p53BS) to identify novel p53 target genes. We show that the presence of nearby p53BS can identify new proapoptotic members of the Bcl2 family. We show that p53 binds to p53BS identified in the BCL-G/BCL2L14 gene and that induction of this gene contributes to p53-mediated apoptosis. We found that p53 activates the COL18A1 gene encoding the precursor for the antiangiogenic factor endostatin. We also show that p53 up-regulates the MAP4K4 gene and activates the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway to drive apoptosis. Thus, unbiased mapping of the genomic landscape of p53BS provides a systematic and complementary approach to identify novel factors and connections in the p53 genetic network. Our study illustrates how systematic genomic approaches can identify binding sites that are functionally relevant for a p53 transcriptional program. The genetic link among p53, antiangiogenic factors, and the JNK signaling pathway adds new dimensions to understanding p53 function in highly connected genetic networks.
Mid-infrared multiwavelength source for lidar applications (1998)

Differential absorption lidars (DIAL) in the mid-infrared (2 - 5 micrometers ) are used to monitor various chemical species. Two wavelengths are required to perform the differential absorption measurement: an `on' line and an `off' line. Previously, the measurement has been made by sequentially tuning between the two lines. However, this can produce errors in the measured differential absorption, especially when a DIAL is used in a `look down' reflector mode from a high speed aircraft, because of variations in the Earth's reflectivity between laser pulses. To avoid this problem and to construct a high speed DIAL system, LaSen, Inc. has developed an intra-cavity `stacked' optical parametric oscillator/laser (OPOL), which is capable of producing simultaneous tunable outputs in the 2 - 5 micrometers region. This laser system utilizes a compact diode pumping scheme and an overlapped laser/OPO resonator design that produces multiple wavelength outputs and minimizes the number of optical components and optical path length. The decreased size of the OPOL system and increased ruggedness makes it ideal for man-portable and airborne operation.
Isolation of Differentially Expressed Genes Through Subtractive Suppression Hybridization (2003)

Despite the fact that the genetic blueprint in every cell is identical, an organism is composed of a multitude of different cell types. This cell type complexity or phenotypic differences are the result of differential expression of identical genes. For example, a normal cell expresses a different repertoire of genes than a tumor cell derived from the same cell type. Moreover, to identify those genes would provide an entry point for understanding the biologic processes responsible for these phenotypic differences. This in turn could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against cancer.
Decreased Mechanical Properties of Heart Valve Tissue Constructs Cultured in Platelet Lysate as Compared to Fetal Bovine Serum (2011)

In autologous heart valve tissue engineering, there is an ongoing search for alternatives of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Human platelet-lysate (PL) might be a promising substitute. In the present article, we aimed to examine the tissue formation, functionality, and mechanical properties of engineered three-dimensional tissue constructs cultured in PL as a substitute for FBS. Our results show that tissue constructs that were cultured in PL and FBS produce similar amounts of collagen, glycosoaminoglycans, and collagen crosslinks, and that the cellular phenotype remains unchanged. Nevertheless, mechanical testing showed that the ultimate tensile strength in PL constructs was on average approximately three times lower as compared to FBS (0.25 vs. 0.74 MPa, respectively, p<0.01), and also the elastic modulus was almost three times lower (1.33 MPa of PL constructs vs. 3.94 MPa of FBS constructs, p<0.01). Additional tests indicated that this difference might be explained by different collagen fiber architecture possibly due to increased production of matrix-degrading proteases by cells cultured in PL. In summary, our results indicate that PL is not preferred for the culture of strong heart valve tissue constructs.
Apolipoprotein B exhibits phospholipase A<sub>1</sub> and phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> activities (1993)

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) as well as isolated apolipoprotein B (ApoB) have been shown to exhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity toward phospholipids containing an oxidized or short fatty acyl chain at position 2. Some of these studies employed the fluorescent analogue of phosphatidyl choline (PC), C6-NBD-PC, containing NBD-caproic acid (C6-NBD-FA) at position 2 as a substrate, representative of short fatty acyl chains. The release of NBD-caproic acid from position 2 is attributed to PLA2-catalysed hydrolysis. However, this fatty acid can be released also by other enzymatic pathways. In the present study we examined, and ruled out, other enzymatic pathways which may be responsible for the hydrolysis of fatty acids from position 2 of phospholipids. On the other hand, we found that LDL as well as isolated ApoB hydrolyse C6-NBD-FA from both carbon 1 and carbon 2 of these phospholipids, thus exhibiting independent and simultaneous activities of phospholipase A1 and phospholipase A2.
Synthesis and Properties of CoO<sub>2</sub>, the <i>x</i> = 0 End Member of the Li<i><sub>x</sub></i>CoO<sub>2</sub> and Na<i><sub>x</sub></i>CoO<sub>2</sub> Systems. (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionSynthesis and Properties of CoO2, the x = 0 End Member of the LixCoO2 and NaxCoO2 Systems.T. Motohashi, Y. Katsumata, T. Ono, R. Kanno, M. Karppinen, and H. YamauchiCite this: Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 21, 5202Publication Date (Web):October 9, 2007Publication History Published online9 October 2007Published inissue 1 October 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm702533vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cm702533vcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views961Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (5 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spatial regression models for extreme precipitation in Belgium (2012)

Quantification of precipitation extremes is important for flood planning purposes, and a common measure of extreme events is the T year return level. Extreme precipitation depths in Belgium are analyzed for accumulation durations ranging from 10 min to 30 days. Spatial generalized extreme value (GEV) models are presented by considering multisite data and relating GEV parameters to geographical/climatological covariates through a common regression relationship. Methods of combining data from several sites are in common use, and in such cases, there is likely to be nonnegligible intersite dependence. However, parameter estimation in GEV models is generally done with the maximum likelihood estimation method (MLE) that assumes independence. Estimates of uncertainty are adjusted for spatial dependence using methodologies proposed earlier. Consistency of GEV distributions for various durations is obtained by fitting a smooth function to the preliminary estimations of the shape parameter. Model quality has been assessed by various statistical tests and indicates the relevance of our approach. In addition, a methodology is applied to account for the fact that measurements have been made in fixed intervals (usually 09:00 UTC–09:00 UTC). The distribution of the annual sliding 24 h maxima was specified through extremal indices of a more than 110 year time series of 24 h aggregated 10 min rainfall and daily rainfall. Finally, the selected models are used for producing maps of precipitation return levels.
The modes of inheritance of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or the genetics of IDDM, no longer a nightmare but still a headache. (1981)

The discovery of HLA antigen associations with juvenile-type insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) provided strong evidence separating this disorder, or group of disorders, from maturity-type noninsulin-dependent diabetes, as well as adding to the evidence for an immunologic pathogenesis. In addition, it was hoped that the use of these disease-marker associations in appropriate studies might clarify the genetics of IDDM. While these associations have provided a useful tool to further investigate the genetics and pathogenesis of IDDM, the mode or modes of inheritance of this group of disorders remain an area of great controversy. Susceptibility to IDDM is currently being proposed as being inherited as a single autosomal dominant, as a single autosomal recessive, as recessive and some dominant forms, in an intermediate gene dosage model, in a heterogeneous three-allele or two HLA loci model, and as a two-locus disorder. The arguments for each of these proposals is presented, as well as the problems of each. We surmise that the weight of evidence supports the heterogeneity hypothesis but that the modes of inheritance of IDDM will be fully resolved only when we can more reliably identify the diabetogenic genotype, rather than being limited in our investigations to the study of only full-blown clinical disease.
A systematic survey of 13 randomized trials of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention of heterotopic bone formation after major hip surgery (2000)

We performed a systematic survey of randomized trials to determine the effects of perioperative NSAIDs on the occurrence of heterotopic bone formation, gastrointestinal side-effects and long-term clinical outcomes after major hip surgery. 13 trials involving 4,129 individuals were identified. Overall, in 12 small trials of medium-to-high-dose regimens, there was a 57% reduction (95% confidence interval 51%-63%) in the risk of heterotopic bone formation. The results of one large trial of low-dose aspirin differed markedly (2% reduction (95% CI 12% reduction to 15% increase)). The NSAID regimens studied had no definite effect on gastrointestinal complications, and data about the effects of NSAIDs on pain and function were too few, and too incompletely reported, to draw conclusions about their effects on these outcomes. Routine prophylaxis against heterotopic bone formation with NSAIDs may be a useful adjuvant therapy for patients undergoing major hip surgery, but the overall balance of risks and benefits requires assessment in a large-scale randomized trial.