gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gold NanoStoves for Microsecond DNA Melting Analysis (2008)

In traditional DNA melting assays, the temperature of the DNA-containing solution is slowly ramped up. In contrast, we use 300 ns laser pulses to rapidly heat DNA bound gold nanoparticle aggregates. We show that double-stranded DNA melts on a microsecond time scale that leads to a disintegration of the gold nanoparticle aggregates on a millisecond time scale. A perfectly matching and a point-mutated DNA sequence can be clearly distinguished in less than one millisecond even in a 1:1 mixture of both targets.
Modifying the Hodgkin-Huxley Model for High Frequency AC Stimulation (2007)

Prior studies have shown that a reversible nerve conduction block can be induced by applying a high frequency alternating current (HFAC) electrical stimulus at frequencies above approximately 3kHz. The potential clinical and electrophysiological applications of this technique have led to a series of modeling studies analyzing the physiological mechanism that generates a HFAC conduction block; however, many of these studies have been based on axon models that are perhaps not valid for HFAC electrical stimulation. We show that the Hodgkin-Huxley model does not accurately predict trends observed in HFAC conduction block experiments on unmyelinated nerve fibers over a frequency range from 3kHz to 50kHz. Further, modifying the Hodgkin-Huxley model to incorporate a frequency-dependent membrane capacitance results in a significant change in the high frequency response of the model while still preserving the standard characteristics of action potential propagation
Proteomic Analysis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Subtypes with Mutated or Unmutated Ig VH Genes (2003)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common hematopoietic malignant disease with variable outcome. CLL has been divided into distinct groups based on whether somatic hypermutation has occurred in the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus or alternatively if the cells express higher levels of the CD38 protein. We have analyzed the proteome of 12 cases of CLL (six mutated (M-CLL) and six unmutated (UM-CLL) immunoglobulin heavy-chain loci; seven CD38-negative and five CD38-positive) using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Statistical evaluation using principal component analysis indicated significant differences in patterns of protein expression between the cases with and without somatic mutation. Specific proteins indicated by principal component analysis as varying between the prognostic groups were characterized using mass spectrometry. The levels of F-actin-capping protein beta subunit, 14-3-3 beta protein, and laminin-binding protein precursor were significantly increased in M-CLL relative to UM-CLL. In addition, primary sequence data from tandem mass spectrometry showed that nucleophosmin was present as several protein spots in M-CLL but was not detected in UM-CLL samples, suggesting that several post-translationally modified forms of nucleophosmin vary between these two sample groups. No specific differences were found between CD38-positive and -negative patient samples using the same approach. The results presented show that proteomic analysis can complement other approaches in identifying proteins that may have potential value in the biological and diagnostic distinction between important clinical subtypes of CLL.
Rheological properties of ionically crosslinked poly(propylene)‐type thermoplastic elastomers (2002)

Abstract Maleic anhydride was grafted onto poly(propylene) (PP)‐type thermoplastic elastomer PER by reactive processing with a screw extruder and a maleated PER (MPER) was prepared. With the intent of ionic crosslinking, metal compounds such as aluminum stearate (AlSt), magnesium stearate (MgSt), calcium stearate (CaSt), zinc stearate (ZnSt), potassium stearate (KSt), sodium stearate (NaSt), magnesium hydroxide (MH), zinc oxide (ZnO), and zinc sulfide (ZnS) were added to the MPER and melt‐mixed with the screw extruder, and crosslinked compounds were obtained. The degree of crosslinking estimated from the gel fraction was in the order AlSt, MgSt, CaSt, ZnSt > NaSt, KSt > MH > ZnO, ZnS > MPER. The rheological properties, such as capillary flow properties and dynamic viscoelasticities, of the compounds were measured and their melt processabilities were evaluated. The viscosity increased with increasing the content of the metal compounds and the increase was higher at the lower shear rate. The increasing effect of the viscosity at low shear rates was AlSt > MgSt > ZnSt > NaSt > KSt > MH > ZnO > ZnS > MPER. Namely, the viscosity increasing effect of the metal salt of stearic acid is the higher for the larger ionic charge and the viscosity increasing effects of other compounds are lower than those of the metal salts of stearic acid. Accordingly, by changing the kind and content of the metal compounds, the viscosity can be freely controlled. Considering also other rheological characteristics, these ionically crosslinked compounds are assumed to show ideal flow processabilities except for the extrudate appearance. To improve the appearance, it is necessary to dilute the compound with unmodified PER, PP, or fillers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2887–2897, 2002
Computing subgraph isomorphic queries using structural unification and minimum graph structures (2011)

Graphs and trees play a major role in many applications including social networks, internet management, science, and business. Yet, there remains a serious lack of tools for graph data management, analysis and querying. Systems that rely on non-traditional complex relationships among objects naturally invite a fresh look at data models and query languages suitable for applications that require graphs as first class citizens. In this paper, we propose a new data model for the storage and management of graph objects, and present a heuristic algorithm to efficiently compute subgraph isomorphic queries, and show that the same algorithm can be adapted to perform a wide range of graph queries. We rely upon the introduction of the idea of structural unification, a novel graph representation based on minimum structures, and an indexing mechanism for storing minimum graph structures. We experimentally show that our approach yields significant speed up over the two leading subgraph isomorphism algorithms Ullmann and VFLib.
The Synthesis and Reactions of Some Cyclic Imides<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Reactions of Some Cyclic Imides1C. M. HendryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 4, 973–976Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01537a058Request reuse permissionsArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (548 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Retrovirus-Mediated Transfer and Long-Term Expression of HIV Type 1 <i>tat</i> Gene in Murine Hematopoietic Tissues (1994)

Replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is regulated tightly by the tat and rev genes. The tat gene of HIV is a potent trans-activator of virus gene expression. trans-Activation is mediated through the tat-responsive element (TAR). Tat also has been shown to affect transcription of cellular genes and to trans-activate other viral promoters. In transgenic animals, tat expression in skin was implicated in the development of lesions resembling Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). More recently, evidence has been presented that suggests that Tat might play a role in the maintenance of KS cells. To study the possible role(s) of Tat in pathogenesis and disease progression, we have developed a retroviral vector for the transfer of tat into murine bone marrow cells. We used this transduced bone marrow to repopulate recipient animals, which expressed the tat gene in peripheral blood 6 months after transplantation as determined by PCR amplification of first-strand cDNA. Analysis of the hematopoietic tissues of mice 6 months posttransplantation indicated persistence of the tat gene and its expression in thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and peripheral blood. Although tat expression was sustained in all hematopoietic tissues, no gross abnormalities were observed. The presence of tat in all hematopoietic tissues strongly suggests transduction of stem or multipotential progenitor cells.
Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-associated Mutations Decrease the Thermal Stability of Distinctly Metallated Species of Human Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase (2002)

We report the thermal stability of wild type (WT) and 14 different variants of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Multiple endothermic unfolding transitions were observed by differential scanning calorimetry for partially metallated SOD1 enzymes isolated from a baculovirus system. We correlated the metal ion contents of SOD1 variants with the occurrence of distinct melting transitions. Altered thermal stability upon reduction of copper with dithionite identified transitions resulting from the unfolding of copper-containing SOD1 species. We demonstrated that copper or zinc binding to a subset of "WT-like" FALS mutants (A4V, L38V, G41S, G72S, D76Y, D90A, G93A, and E133Delta) conferred a similar degree of incremental stabilization as did metal ion binding to WT SOD1. However, these mutants were all destabilized by approximately 1-6 degrees C compared with the corresponding WT SOD1 species. Most of the "metal binding region" FALS mutants (H46R, G85R, D124V, D125H, and S134N) exhibited transitions that probably resulted from unfolding of metal-free species at approximately 4-12 degrees C below the observed melting of the least stable WT species. We conclude that decreased conformational stability shared by all of these mutant SOD1s may contribute to SOD1 toxicity in FALS.
Production, Characterization, and Epitope Mapping of a Monoclonal Antibody against Aspartic Proteinase of <i>Candida albicans</i> (1999)

A monoclonal antibody (MAb; MAb CAP1) that was reactive with extracellular aspartic proteinase of Candida albicans (CAP) was produced. The MAb showed strong sensitivity and reactivity to CAP but not to the aspartic proteinases of Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and Aspergillus fumigatus or to human cathepsin D or porcine pepsin. The epitope of the CAP recognized by the MAb was the proteinaseous part of CAP and the putative epitope of the MAb was located in the Asp77 to Gly103 sequence. This antibody could be useful for the characterization of CAP and would be a valuable probe for the detection of CAP antigen in the sera of patients with invasive candidiasis.
Calcium stearate in resins and resinous polymers: part 1 (1996)

Calcium stearate has many uses, including that of a flatting agent in paint, a lubricant, plasticizer and leveller for paper coatings, suspending agent in plastic and other mouldings, a tableting agent, a water repellant, and a cosmetic component, etc. Gives a complete breakdown and analysis of calcium stearate with a useful Appendix of journal and patent specification.
A novel affinity purification of D-1 dopamine receptors from rat striatum. (1990)

When rat striatal membranes were pretreated with the sulfhydryl (-SH) modifying reagent, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) in the presence of the D-1-specific agonist, SKF R-38393, the D-1 dopamine receptor was completely protected from NEM-mediated inactivation. The D-1 receptors, solubilized from these membranes with 1% sodium cholate in the presence of phospholipids, bound with high efficiency (greater than 90%) to mercury-agarose columns. The bound receptors were eluted from the affinity column with a -SH reducing agent, beta-mercaptoethanol. Upon removal of beta-mercaptoethanol from the eluted fractions by inclusion chromatography, the receptor was reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles and assayed for ligand binding activity. The affinity purified receptor exhibited saturable and specific binding of the D-1-specific ligand 125I-SCH 23982, with a Kd of 1.6 nM comparable to that measured in intact membranes and solubilized extracts. The binding capacity of these receptors for 125I-SCH 23982 was 11,000 pmol/mg protein, representing greater than an 8000-fold purification over the starting membrane preparation. The purity of the affinity eluted receptors was estimated to be 78%. The purified receptors retained the pharmacological properties of membrane-bound receptors, including the ability to distinguish between active and inactive enantiomers of specific dopaminergic antagonists. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining revealed the presence of two major polypeptides of 74 and 54 kDa. These two polypeptides were absent in those affinity eluted fractions which did not display 125I-SCH 23982-binding activity and also were not detected in preparations obtained from membranes which were NEM-treated in the absence of D-1-specific agonist. The molecular weights of these polypeptides were similar to those of membrane-bound D-1 receptors, when labeled with a D-1-specific photo-affinity ligand, 125I-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-(4-azidphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-b enzazepine. These two polypeptides may represent glycosylated and deglycosylated forms of the D-1 dopamine receptor.
Temperature sensitivity of Burning Rate of Ammonium Perchlorate Propellants (1987)

Abstract The temperature sensitivity of burning rate of ammonium perchlorate (AP) composite propellants was studied as a function of AP particle size and a burning rate catalyst. A simplified temperature sensitivity model was presented in order to discriminate the effect of the gas phase and solid phase reactions on the initial propellant temperature (T 0 ). The temperature sensitivity was decreased by the addition of small sized AP particles and/or 2,2‐bis(ethylferrocenyl)propane (BEFP). This is caused by the insensitive burning surface temperature to T 0 . Thus, the gas phase reaction rate becomes little dependent on T 0 , and the temperature sensitivity decreases.
Rate of <sup>59</sup>Fe Uptake into Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid and the Influence Thereon of Antibodies Against the Transferrin Receptor (1993)

Uptake of 59Fe from blood into brains of anaesthetized rats and mice has been studied by intravenous infusion of [59Fe]ferrous ascorbate or of 59Fe-transferrin, the results not being significantly different. Uptakes in the rat were linear with time, but increased at longer times in the mouse. Transfer constants, K(in) (in ml/g/h x 10(3)), for cerebral hemispheres were 5.2 in the adult rat and 5.6 in the mouse. These K(in) values corresponded to 59Fe influxes of 145 and 322 pmol/g/h, respectively. 59Fe uptake into the mouse brain occurred in the following order: cerebellum > brainstem > frontal cerebral cortex > parietal cortex > occipital cortex > hippocampus > caudate nucleus. In genetically hypotransferrinaemic mice, 59Fe uptake into brain was 80-95 times greater than in To strain mice. Pretreatment of young rats and mice with monoclonal antibodies to transferrin receptors, i.e., the anti-rat immunoglobulin G OX 26 and the anti-mouse immunoglobulin M RI7 208, inhibited 59Fe uptake into spleen by 94% and 98%, respectively, indicating saturation of receptors. The antibodies reduced 59Fe uptake into rat brain by 35-60% and that into mouse brain by 65-85%. Although a major portion of iron transport across the blood-brain barrier is normally transferrin-mediated, non-transferrin-bound iron readily crosses it at low serum transferrin levels.
Circular Dichroism of the Tyrocidines and Gramicidin S-A (1969)

Abstract The cyclic decapeptides gramicidin S-A and tyrocidines A, B, and C provide excellent models for the testing of current notions on the circular dichroism of complex polypeptides. Experimental data utilizing both the naturally occurring peptides and, for the first time, hydrogenated derivatives, are presented. Significant contributions of the aromatic residues to the spectra are noted in the 200 to 230 mµ region. Aggregation of the tyrocidines is shown markedly to affect their spectra. Finally, the results are discussed in terms of the mode of aggregation of the tyrocidines.
MicroRNA-503 and the Extended MicroRNA-16 Family in Angiogenesis (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are post-transcriptional inhibitory regulators of gene expression acting by direct binding to complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRs are crucial determinants of endothelial cell behavior and angiogenesis. We have provided evidence of the prominent role of miR-503 in impairment of postischemic reparative angiogenesis in the setting of diabetes. Because miR-503 belongs to the miR-16 extended family of miRs, in this review, we describe the cardiovascular functions of miR-503 and other members of the miR-16 family and their impact on angiogenesis.
Automated targets detection based on level set evolution using radar and optical imagery (2006)

Level set evolution theory is introduced to bridge or dam detection above river in order to improve performance in case of very low contrast and faint targets feature in optical or radar imagery. Aiming at shortages like boundary leak, weak robust to noises existing in classical level set methods, and sub- or over- segmentation, irregular boundary with gap existing in traditional segmentation, an adaptive narrow band level set evolution model based on Chan-Vese model is presented to excellently extract river regions from radar imagery with faint edge and unwelcome effects, while greatly accelerate the curve evolution process. Furthermore, we propose a novel algorithm based on Narrow Band Level Set(NBLS) for detecting and simultaneously distinguishing bridge and dam. The algorithm is efficient, avoiding the disadvantages that medial-axis search methods are subjected to noises and are hard to process river branch with complex shape. Finally, feature-weighted decision rule is adopted to combine the detection results from the two binary classifiers form radar and optical imagery, in order to make use of complementary feature from different classifiers and to achieve higher accuracy of targets detection than single classifier. Experimental results demonstrate that our scheme proposed in the paper outperform some others, with the advantages of time-effectiveness and robust to noises.
Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: NO to the rescue (2004)

Severe liver injury as a result of overdose or chronic use of acetaminophen (paracetamol) remains a significant clinical problem, accounting for as much as 40% of cases of acute liver failure. The mechanisms underlying the liver injury caused by acetaminophen have become much better understood in recent years. In this issue, Fiorucci et al. report that delivery of nitric oxide (NO) in small amounts to the liver, via a novel derivative of the bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid, results in significant protection of the liver from acetaminophen-induced damage. NO appears to produce these beneficial actions through several mechanisms, including the suppression of synthesis of several proinflammatory cytokines. There is also substantial evidence that a NO-releasing derivative of acetaminophen offers several advantages over acetaminophen itself, including enhanced analgesic potency and reduced liver toxicity.
The Principles of Economics Course: A Handbook for Instructors (1990)

Stephen Buckles, John Siegfried, R. J. Charkins, Jane Lillydahl, Irene Powell, Lee Spector, Carolyn Shaw Bell, Jean Shackelford, The Journal of Economic Education, Vol. 21, No. 4 (Autumn, 1990), pp. 433-453
A REVIEW: ENZYMATIC CROSS-LINKING OF PROTEINS APPLICABLE TO FOODS (1987)

The functional properties of food proteins may be changed by the use of specific enzymes. Enzymatic reactions can be carried out under relatively mild conditions and, because of the specificity of the reactions, are not likely to lead to toxic products. Among the several reactions catalyzed by enzymes, some lead to the intra- and intermolecular cross-linking of proteins. In this review, we briefly describe the reactions catalyzed by transglutaminase, lipoxygenase, lysyl oxidase, protein disulfide reductase, protein disulfide isomerase and sulfhydryl oxidase and the feasibility of using these enzymes for cross-linking of food proteins. Very little data are available on the efficiency of cross-linking and the effect on functional and nutritional properties of the proteins.
A Rigorous Test for SPARC's Chemical Reactivity Models: Estimation of More Than 4300 Ionization pK<sub>a</sub>s (1995)

Abstract Ionization pK a s for a large set of molecules were calculated using reactivity models developed in the computer program SPARC. SPARC uses relatively simple computational algorithms based on fundamental chemical structure theory to estimate ionization pK a s of organic molecules strictly from molecular structure. Molecular structures are broken at each essential single bond into functional units with intrinsic properties. Reaction centers (acid or base) are identified and the impact of appended molecular structure on ionization pK a is quantified by perturbation theory. Resonance, electrostatic, solvation and H‐bonding models have been developed and tested on 4338 pK a s for 3685 compounds. The RMS deviation for the acids and the amino reaction center was 0.36 pK a units whereas that for the in‐ring N and = N reaction centers was 0.41. Microscopic ionization constants, zwitterionic constants, isoelectric points, and molecular speciation as a function of pH can be calculated using the SPARC models.
High-Power Traveling-Wave Tubes for Radar Systems (1961)

Data obtained on high-power traveling-wave tubes at S and C band indicate performance suitable for the final amplifier in a wide bandwidth phase coherent radar transmitter. Static phase measurements demonstrate the capability of parallel operation of tubes and the feasibility of use in pulse compression systems. Gain and power output data show that for the most efficient operation a programmed drive is needed. Data taken at constant drive power displays a compressed gain variation and a somewhat lower output. An extrapolation of present data indicates the feasibility of obtaining 25- to 30-per cent bandwidth in high-power traveling-wave tubes with other improved characteristics.
VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET LASER EMISSION FROM MOLECULAR HYDROGEN (1970)

Using a short-risetime traveling-wave discharge system, lasing has been produced in molecular hydrogen in the 1600-Å region and confirmed by direct observation of extensive amplification in the direction of travel. Pulsewidths and powers on the order of 1 nsec and hundreds of kilowatts, respectively, are observed. The ten H2 lines resolved extend from 1567 to 1613 Å in the Lyman band. The laser lines originate from transitions between the vibrational levels of the state B(2pσ1Σu+) and the higher vibrational levels of the ground state X(1s1Σg+).