gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in curing agents, microbial counts and volatile compounds during processing of green bacon using two different production technologies (1995)

Abstract This study showed differences in salt concentration, nitrite/nitrate level and microbial load between bacon produced after modern processing concepts, represented by cured in bag (CIB) bacon, and traditional tank cured bacon (Wiltshire style). It also provided evidence for semiquantitative differences in the development of volatile compounds as analysed by headspace gas chromatog‐raphy (GC). The traditional bacon had an order of magnitude higher microbial counts, was more salty and contained more nitrite and volatile compounds after 21 days of storage. Measured differences in the content of volatile compounds in the two products could also be identified by differences in odour using the triangle difference test. Headspace GC‐MS analyses on samples of the two products stored for 21 days showed differences in 24 volatile compounds of which 19 were characteristic for the traditional tank cured product. Two of the nineteen characteristic compounds from the Wiltshire style product, 3‐methylbutanal and 1‐octen‐3‐ol, had a cheesy/malty odour and mushroom‐like odour, respectively, as analysed by headspace GC‐olfactometric analyses. This was partly consistent with comments from sensory analyses, where panellists gave the description cheesy for the odour of stored Wiltshire bacon samples. The reason for different development of volatile compounds between the two products and its possible consequence for improvement of flavour in bacon produced using modern concepts are discussed.
Electronegativity of low-pressure high-density oxygen discharges (2001)

We use a global (volume averaged) model to study the presence of negative ions and metastable species in low-pressure high-density oxygen discharges. We find the negative oxygen ion O- to be the dominant negative ion in the discharge, the density of the negative ion O2- to be small and the density of the negative ion O-3 to be negligible in the pressure range of interest, 1-100 mTorr. Dissociative attachment of the oxygen molecule in the ground-state O2(3Σg-) and the metastable oxygen molecule O2(a1Δg) are the dominating channels for the creation of the negative oxygen ion O-. At low pressure (<5 mTorr) recombination involving O- and O+ ions is the main loss channel for O- ions. At higher pressure, the detachment on O(3P) becomes the main loss channel for the O- ion. The creation of O-2 is mainly through dissociative attachment of ozone O3. Ozone is almost entirely created through detachment by the collision of O- with the metastable oxygen molecule O2(a1Δg). The creation of O-2 is thus greatly influenced by this detachment process and neglecting the detachment has a significant influence on the density of O-2 ions. At low pressure (<10 mTorr) the O-2 ion is mainly lost through recombination while at higher pressure the charge transfer to form O2 is the dominating loss process.
Thiazole Derivatives. VII (1954)

The new substance of m.p. 241-242°, described in the previous paper, was found to be β-(2′-amino-4′-methyl-5′-thiazolyl)-ethylisothiouronium hydrochloride by its agreement with the substance synthesized by the following two different methods:1) Reaction between γ-aceto-γ-chloropropyl chloride and thiourea.2) Alkali treatment of 2-acetylamino-4-methyl-5-acetoxyethylthiazole, obtained from 2-amino-4-methyl-5-hydroxy (or acetoxy)-ethylthiazole, to 2-acetylamino-4-methyl-5-hydroxyethylthiazole, its chlorination to the 5-chloroethyl compound, with subsequent reaction with thiourea and saponification with hydrochloric acid.
WNK kinases influence TRPV4 channel function and localization (2006)

TRPV4, a renally expressed nonselective cation channel of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family, is gated by hypotonicity. Kinases of the WNK family influence expression and function of the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl- cotransporter, and monogenic human hypertension has been linked to mutations in the gene coding for WNK4. Along with TRPV4, WNK isoforms are highly expressed in the distal nephron. We show here that coexpression of WNK4 downregulates TRPV4 function in human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells and that this effect is mediated via decreased cell surface expression of TRPV4; total abundance of TRPV4 in whole cell lysates is unaffected. The effect of the related kinase WNK1 on TRPV4 function and surface expression was similar to that of WNK4. Disease-causing point mutations in WNK4 abrogate, but do not eliminate, the inhibitory effect on TRPV4 function. In contrast to wild-type WNK4, a kinase-dead WNK4 point mutant failed to influence TRPV4 trafficking; however, deletion of the entire WNK4 kinase domain did not blunt the effect of WNK4 on localization of TRPV4. Deletion of the extreme COOH-terminal putative coiled-coil domain of WNK4 abolished its effect. In immunoprecipitation experiments, we were unable to detect direct interaction between TRPV4 and either WNK kinase. In aggregate, these data indicate that TRPV4 is functionally regulated by WNK family kinases at the level of cell surface expression. Because TRPV4 and WNK kinases are coexpressed in the distal nephron in vivo and because there is a tendency toward hypercalcemia in TRPV4-/- mice, we speculate that this pathway may impact systemic Ca2+ balance. In addition, because WNK kinases and TRPV4 are activated by anisotonicity, they may comprise elements of an osmosensing or osmotically responsive signal transduction cascade in the distal nephron.
Design of efficient mono-aminosilane precursors for atomic layer deposition of SiO<sub>2</sub> thin films (2017)

The suitability of six mono(alkylamino)silane precursors for growing SiO<sub>2</sub> films <italic>via</italic> ALD is assessed with DFT calculations.
A monolithic 12b+Sign successive approximation A/D converter (1980)

A sampled-data successive approximation CMOS micropower converter, trimmed with an on-chip laser-programmed ROM, Providing differential inputs with autopolarity and 50μs conversion time, will be described. Converter has a complete processor interface, including DMA.
An Input-Weighted CCD Transversal Filter (1976)

A novel method for constructing charge-coupled device (CCD) transversal filters is presented. In the filter, transversal filtering action is implemented by introducing weighted input signals into each CCD register stage. The aim of such an input weighted CCD transversal filter was to eliminate some of the disadvantages in conventional CCD filters, i.e., the split-electrode filters or tapped delay line filters. The split electrode filter is non-programmable and requires a complex sensing circuit. The tapped delay line filter has a low transfer efficiency and requires an external summing circuit. A 64-stage programmable filter device has been developed. The device contains dual gate FET's for input-weighting and a 4-phase surface channel CCD register for time delay and summing. The filter output is obtained from usual floating diffusion amplifier connected to the final register stage. Fundamental delay line characteristics were measured at 10.7 MHz clock frequency. A 3 dB bandwidth of more than 3 MHz and a differential gain of less than 5 percent were achieved. Using the devices, a programmable filter function has been confirmed by operating the devices as Gaussian weight filter and band pass filter.
Interstitial hypertension in head and neck tumors in patients: correlation with tumor size. (1992)

Elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) is associated with poor blood supply and inadequate delivery of drugs to solid tumors. IFP was measured in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region in humans using the wick-in-needle technique. In all lesions (n = 19), the IFP was elevated (4-33 mm Hg). Furthermore, the IFP increased with tumor size. The highest IFP was 33 mm Hg in a 24-ml tumor. In one tumor, the IFP was found to be negative (-2.6 mm Hg), which is comparable to that in human skin or subcutaneous tissue. The histopathology of this tumor was benign. If this pressure difference between malignant and benign lesions can be confirmed in a large number of tumors, then the IFP could be used to aid tumor detection during needle biopsy. The value of IFP as a predictor of response to radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, hyperthermia, and chemotherapy should be assessed prospectively.
Influence of Phenyl Ring Disubstitution on Bisbenzimidazole and Terbenzimidazole Cytotoxicity:  Synthesis and Biological Evaluation as Radioprotectors (2003)

DNA minor groove binders, Hoechst 33258 and Hoechst 33342, have been reported to protect against radiation-induced DNA-strand breakage, but their mutagenicity and cytotoxicity limit their use as protectors of normal tissue during radiotherapy and as biological radioprotectors during accidental radiation exposure. On the basis of these observations, two new nontoxic disubstituted benzimidazoles were synthesized, one having two methoxy groups (5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-[2'-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5'-benzimidazolyl]benzimidazole, 5) and another having a methoxy and a hydroxyl group (5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-[2'[2''-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5' '-benzimidazolyl]-5'-benzimidazolyl]benzimidazole, 6) ortho to each other on the phenyl ring. The radiomodifying effects of these nontoxic ligands were investigated with a human glioma cell line exposed to low linear energy transfer radiation by determining cell survival and cell proliferation compared with effects of the parent compound, Hoechst 33342. Cytotoxicity assayed by analyzing clonogenicity, cell growth, and metabolic viability showed that both 5 and 6 were nontoxic at 100 microM after 72 h of exposure, whereas Hoechst 33342 resulted in lysis of 77% of these cells in 24 h. Macrocolony assay (clonogenicity) showed that 73%, 92%, and 10% of the cells survived when treated with 100 microM 5, 6, and Hoechst 33342, respectively. Both 5 and 6 did not affect the growth of BMG-1 cells. At 10 microM, 5 and 6 showed 82% and 37% protection against radiation-induced cell death (macrocolony assay) while 100% protection was observed against growth inhibition. Disubstitution of the phenyl ring has not only reduced cytotoxicity but also enhanced DNA-ligand stability, conferring high degree of radioprotection.
Locally Competitive Algorithms for Sparse Approximation (2007)

Practical sparse approximation algorithms (particularly greedy algorithms) suffer two significant drawbacks: they are difficult to implement in hardware, and they are inefficient for time-varying stimuli (e.g., video) because they produce erratic temporal coefficient sequences. We present a class of locally competitive algorithms (LCAs) that correspond to a collection of sparse approximation principles minimizing a weighted combination of reconstruction MSE and a coefficient cost function. These systems use thresholding functions to induce local nonlinear competitions in a dynamical system. Simple analog hardware can implement the required nonlinearities and competitions. We show that our LCAs are stable under normal operating conditions and can produce sparsity levels comparable to existing methods. Additionally, these LCAs can produce coefficients for video sequences that are more regular (i.e., smoother and more predictable) than the coefficients produced by greedy algorithms.
C-reactive protein in Crohn’s disease: how informative is it? (2014)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important acute-phase marker, produced mainly in the liver. Its production by mesenteric adipocytes has been recently stressed in Crohn's disease (CD). There are many factors affecting CRP levels, both environmental and genetics. The short-life of this biomarker makes it of pertinent use in the assessment of inflammation. There are inconsistent results concerning the association of clinical activity indices, mucosal healing, histological activity and CRP. This review summarizes the role of CRP in CD, namely its importance in the differential diagnosis of CD; its relationship with clinical activity indices, other markers of inflammation and endoscopic and radiological cross sectional imaging; prediction of response to anti-TNF treatment and prediction of outcome.
The multiple roles of histidine in protein interactions (2013)

The coordinate interactions between histidine and metallic cations are the strongest one acting in broad range, followed by the cation-π, hydrogen-π, and π-π stacking interactions. When the histidine is in neutral form, the cation-π interactions are attractive; when it is protonated (His+), the interactions turn to repulsive. The two protonation forms (and pKa values) of histidine are reversibly switched by the attractive and repulsive cation-π interactions. In proteins the π-π stacking interaction between neutral histidine and aromatic amino acids (Phe, Tyr, Trp) are in the range from -3.0 to -4.0 kcal/mol, significantly larger than the van der Waals energies.
A diary study of work-related reading (1998)

Article A diary study of work-related reading: design implications for digital reading devices Share on Authors: Annette Adler Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd., Palo Alto, CA Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd., Palo Alto, CAView Profile , Anuj Gujar Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd., Palo Alto, CA Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd., Palo Alto, CAView Profile , Beverly L. Harrison Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd., Palo Alto, CA Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd., Palo Alto, CAView Profile , Kenton O'Hara Xerox Research Centre Europe, (formerly Rank Xerox Research Centre) 61 Regent St., Cambridge, CB2 1AB, UK Xerox Research Centre Europe, (formerly Rank Xerox Research Centre) 61 Regent St., Cambridge, CB2 1AB, UKView Profile , Abigail Sellen Xerox Research Centre Europe, (formerly Rank Xerox Research Centre) 61 Regent St., Cambridge, CB2 1AB, UK Xerox Research Centre Europe, (formerly Rank Xerox Research Centre) 61 Regent St., Cambridge, CB2 1AB, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims CHI '98: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsJanuary 1998 Pages 241–248https://doi.org/10.1145/274644.274679Published:01 January 1998 147citation2,498DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations147Total Downloads2,498Last 12 Months123Last 6 weeks12 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Production of lower unsaturated hydrocarbons via catalytic conversion of dimethyl ether (2008)

Conversion of dimethyl ether over high-silica zeolite catalysts of the ZSM-5 type was studied. It was shown that the introduction of metals into the catalyst composition affects the activity and selectivity of the catalysts. It was found that the catalysts modified with Zr and P are most selective for light olefins. The influence of the addition of water to feedstock on the yields of the desired products was demonstrated; the results are similar to the data obtained by the Lurgi company.
Effect of prolactin on the prostate (1994)

We propose that: 1. Prolactin is a trophic hormone required for normal development and growth of prostate as well as other tissues. 2. Citrate production, the major function of prostate, is directly regulated by prolactin. 3. The mechanisms of prolactin regulation of citrate production by prostate epithelial cells include a. Regulation of the pmAAT gene, which results in an increase in the biosynthesis of mAAT and, ultimately, an increase in citrate synthesis (the prolactin regulation of gene transcription is mediated via PKC). b. Inhibition of citrate oxidation, possibly via zinc inhibition of m-aconitase. c. Stimulation of aspartate transport, possibly via regulation of the biosynthesis of the high-affinity aspartate transporter. 4. These relationships apply to normal human prostate, and might have important implications in the pathogenesis of prostate neoplasms. 5. The regulation of prostate citrate production is the reproductive function of prolactin in males.
A targeted mutation in the mouse E-cadherin gene results in defective preimplantation development. (1995)

The Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin functions in the establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell morphology during embryogenesis and adulthood. Downregulation or complete shut-down of E-cadherin expression and mutation of the gene are observed during the progression of tumors of epithelial origin (carcinomas) and correlate with the metastatic potential. We have introduced a targeted mutation into the E-cadherin gene by homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells. The mutation removes E-cadherin sequences essential for Ca2+ binding and for adhesive function. These embryonic stem cells were used to generate mice carrying the mutation. Heterozygous mutant animals appear normal and are fertile. However, the homozygous mutation is not compatible with life: E-cadherin -/- embryos show severe abnormalities before implantation. Particularly, the adhesive cells of the morula dissociate shortly after compaction has occurred, and their morphological polarization is then destroyed. Interestingly, the blastomers are still able to form desmosomes and tight junctions at sites of distorted cell-cell contact. Thus, maternal E-cadherin suffices for initial compaction of the morula but not for further preimplantation development to occur.
Tricyclic triarylethylene antiestrogens: dibenz[b,f]oxepins, dibenzo[b,f]thiepins, dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctenes, and dibenzo[b,f]thiocins (1983)

The bridging groups O, S, CH2CH2, and SCH2 were used to produce a series of 26 tricyclic triarylethylenes. Their in vitro binding to rat uterine estrogen receptor was measured in a competitive binding assay. Antifertility and uterotrophic tests in rats showed that antiestrogenic activity was present. The most interesting series had a basic side chain, and the most potent compounds were 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy] -10-ethyl-11-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzo[b,f]thiepin (7b) and 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-11-ethyl-12-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydrodibenzo[a,e]-cyclooctene (7c), which had good binding (approximately 50% relative to estradiol) and good antiestrogenic activity (ca. one-half of the potency of tamoxifen, III). In this series, the O-bridged compound was the least active, and this is interpreted in terms of the flatness of the dibenzoxepin ring system. Sedative activity was found in some of the compounds.
Physical and Functional Interactions of Neuronal Growth Suppressor Necdin with p53 (1999)

Necdin is expressed in virtually all postmitotic neurons, and ectopic expression of this protein suppresses cell proliferation. Necdin, like the retinoblastoma protein, interacts with cell cycle promoting proteins such as simian virus 40 large T antigen, adenovirus E1A, and the transcription factor E2F1. Here we demonstrate that necdin interacts with the tumor suppressor protein p53 as well. The yeast two-hybrid and in vitro binding analyses revealed that necdin bound to a narrow region (amino acids 35-62) located between the MDM2-binding site and the proline-rich region in the amino-terminal domain of p53. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that necdin supershifted a complex between p53 and its binding DNA, implying that the p53-necdin complex is competent for DNA binding. In p53-deficient osteosarcoma SAOS-2 cells, necdin markedly suppressed p53-dependent activation of the p21/WAF promoter. Necdin and p53 inhibited cell growth in an additive manner as assessed by the colony formation of SAOS-2 cells, suggesting that necdin does not affect p53-mediated growth suppression. On the other hand, necdin inhibited p53-induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Thus, necdin can be a growth suppressor that targets p53 and modulates its biological functions in postmitotic neurons.
Definition and refinement of a region of loss of heterozygosity at 11q23.3-q24.3 in epithelial ovarian cancer associated with poor prognosis. (1996)

Previous cytogenetic and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) data suggest that disruption of chromosome 11q23-qter occurs frequently in epithelial ovarian cancer and is associated with an adverse clinicopathological phenotype. Ten polymorphic microsatellite repeat loci were analyzed by PCR from the 11q22-q25 region between D11S35 and D11S968 in 40 ovarian tumors (including 31 epithelial ovarian cancers). Two distinct regions of loss were detected, suggesting possible sites for genes involved in epithelial ovarian neoplasia: a large centromeric region between D11S35 and D11S933 (11q22-q23.3) and a telomeric 8.5-Mb region lying between D11S934 and D11S1320 (11q23.3-24.3) not previously defined. LOH of the latter region but not the former one was significantly associated with poor survival, despite all tumors in this study having LOH somewhere on chromosome 11. This analysis provides a starting point for positional cloning.
Essential Role of T Lymphocytes in the Development of Allergen-Driven Airway Hyperresponsiveness (1998)

Asthma now affects more than 15 million Americans and results in significant expenditure of resources. Despite intensive investigation into the pathogenesis of asthma, debate continues over which cells or which mediators are the primary contributors to the disease. Increasingly, asthma is recognized as a chronic, inflammatory disease. T lymphocytes, T-cell derived cytokines, and eosinophils play major roles in the initiation and perpetuation of the inflammatory response. Animal models have enabled us to link directly T cells with eosinophilic inflammation of the airways, providing new insights into pathogenesis and novel opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
Magnetic, electrical and optical properties and applications of intermetallic compounds (2000)

Magnetic Principles (J. Kouvel). Electrical and Electronic Behavior (M. Braunovic). Magnetic Applications (H. Stadelmaier & B. Reinsch). Semiconductor Applications (K. Masumoto, et al.). Superconductor Applications (Z. Stekly & E. Gregory). Magnetostriction: Materials and Applications (R. Greenough & M. Schulze). Optical Applications (M. England & E. Arakawa). Magneto-Optical Applications (W. McGahan). Thermoelectric and Electrical Applications (M. Vedernikov). Diffusion Barriers (R. de Reus). Index. Contents of 1995 Edition.
Carbohydrate on human factor VIII/von Willebrand factor. Impairment of function by removal of specific galactose residues. (1978)

Human factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein containing 120 +/- 12 nmol of sialic acid and 135 +/- 13 nmol of galactose/mg of protein was digested with neuraminidase. The affinity of native factor VIII/von Willebrand factor and its asialo form for the hepatic lectin that specifically binds asialoglycoproteins was assessed from in vitro binding experiments. Native factor VIII/von Willebrand factor exhibited negligible affinity while binding of the asialo derivative was comparable to that observed for asialo-alpha1-acid glycoprotein. Incubation of asialo-factor VIII/von Willebrand factor with Streptococcus pneumoniae beta-galactosidase removed only 62% of the galactose but abolished binding to the purified hepatic lectin. When the asialo derivative was incubated with purified beta-D-galactoside alpha2 leads to 6 sialyltransferase and CMP-[14C]NeuAc, only 61% of the galactose incorporated [14C]NeuAc. From the known specificites of these enzymes, it is concluded that galactose residues important in lectin binding are present in a terminal Gal/beta1 leads to 4GlcNAc sequence on asialo-factor VIII/von Willebrand factor. The relative ristocetin-induced platelet aggregating activity of native, asialo-, and agalacto-factor VIII/von Willebrand factor was 100:38:12, respectively, while procoagulant activity was 100:100:103.