gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE C<sub>4</sub>-SACCHARINIC ACIDS. I. THE RESOLUTION OF dl- 2,3-DIOXYBUTYRIC ACID INTO THE OPTICALLY-ACTIVE COMPONENTS. THE DERIVATIVES OF THESE ACIDS. (1920)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE C4-SACCHARINIC ACIDS. I. THE RESOLUTION OF dl- 2,3-DIOXYBUTYRIC ACID INTO THE OPTICALLY-ACTIVE COMPONENTS. THE DERIVATIVES OF THESE ACIDS.J. W. E. Glattfeld and George E. MillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1920, 42, 11, 2314–2321Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1920Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1920https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01456a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01456a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Construction Wastes Reduction and Utilization (1996)

The paper explains how recycling 80% of all registered construction waste has been accomplished in Denmark by a combination of four factors: 1. Introduction of a disposal fee of an equivalent to 70 AUS $ per ton of waste which is not recycled 2. Good coherence between legislative, technological and economic development 3. Excellent cooperation between raw materials producers, demolition contractors and authorities who could all see their advantage in cooperating and thus avoiding conflicts 4. Subsidized development projects.
ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE-POSS ELASTOMERS (2005)

U4036-U4036
Index domain alignment: minimizing cost of cross-referencing between distributed arrays (2002)

The issue of data movement between processors due to cross-references between multiple distributed arrays is addressed. The problem of index domain alignment is formulated as finding a set of suitable alignment functions that map the index domains of the arrays into a common index domain so as to minimize the cost of data movement due to cross-references between the arrays. The cost function and the machine model used are abstractions of the current generation of distributed-memory machines. The problem as formulated is shown to be NP-complete. A heuristic algorithm is devised and shown to be efficient and to provide excellent results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF THIOCTIC ACID IN SKIN DISEASES (1962)

Quantitative determination of thioctic acid was performed by microbioassay using Streptococcus faecalis 10 C1, in order to investigate the relation of thioctic acid metabolism to some skin diseases.Studies were carried out on serum levels, the levels of the acid in 24-hour urine, the relation of diet to urinary thioctic acid, and the levels of the acid in the urine following injections of the acid. The results seemed to indicate that the best way to examine clinical metabolism of thioctic acid might be to determine its amount in the urine 2 hours after intravenous injections of 10mg of the acid and compare the results for patients with skin diseases with the controls.When the urinary thioctic acid was measured 2 hours after injections in 40 healthy subjects, 20 to 30μg of the acid was excreted rather uniformly. From the results of this test as well as the findings on the urinary thioctic acid of the patients with serious skin diseases, 10 to 30μg of the acid in the urine 2 hours after injections seems to be in the normal range and the values below that level is considered abnormal. Those whose values are below 11μg can be regarded as relatively deficient in thioctic acid. We have, however, no intention of declaring these persons to be absolutely deficient in thioctic acid.The results of loading tests showed that the values lower than 11μg were found in 47 cases (22%) out of 209 patients with skin diseases. As contrasted to 2 (5%) of 40 healthy subjects whose values were below 11μg, 19 (38.7%) of 49 patients with subacute eczema had values below 11μg. It is noteworthy that, when the numbers of the patients examined are taken into consideration, values below 11μg were found in fairly large proportions of the patients with contact dermatitis (17.3%), pigmentary anomaly such as leukoderma vulgaris (30.7%), chloasma (28.5%), and alopecia areata (26%). Though the total number of the patients examined was small, those with psoriasis and suppurative skin lesions had abnormal values.
Surface Whitened, Shrink Resistant Wool Cloth of Improved Lightfastness (1987)

Chemically bleached woolen cloth was treated with a silicone based felt shrink resin and then with an acrylic resin that had a fluorescent whitening agent dissolved in it. The fluorescently surface whitened cloth thus obtained yellowed significantly more slowly, particularly when wet, then conventionally whitened cloth, in addition to being resistant to felt shrinkage. The two resin treatments were in a chlorinated organic solvent. The treated cloth had an acceptable handle and the treatment was fairly fast to gentle washing. A disadvantage was that the silicone treatment required 10-14 days for crosslinking on the cloth before the acrylic resin could be applied. Simultaneous treatment with both resins was successful only when using DC 109 silicone resin and dichloromethane as the solvent. Neither silicone nor acrylic resins yellowed the cloth upon application or caused accelerated photoyellowing afterwards. Surface whitening using an aqueous acrylic emulsion gave a satisfactory level of whiteness and rate of photoyellowing only when using a high concentration of resin on the cloth, which adversely affected its handle.
Bone Transport Osteogenesis for Limb Salvage (2000)

Six dogs with osteosarcoma of the radius were treated by local resection and limb salvage using bone transport osteogenesis. One case is described in detail. Although the initial learning curve is steep for this technique, strict adherence to oncologic surgical technique and the principles of Ilizarov can lead to a successful outcome. Bone transport shows promise as an alternative to cortical allografts for reconstruction of large bone defects after tumor resection in the canine radius.
T cell regulation in adult transplantation tolerance (1996)

An encounter of the mature immune system with Ag usually leads to an immune response. If Ag is administered with CD4- and CD8-specific mAbs, the outcome of the response can be tolerance. This form of tolerance is peripheral, Ag specific, and maintained lifelong, and is associated with the suppression of nontolerant cells by CD4 cells of the tolerant host. Here we demonstrate that the degree of suppression is dependent on the number of suppressor cells. A neutralizing anti-IL-4 Ab was partially able to inhibit suppression, indicating a role for IL-4 in the regulation of Th1 rejection responses.
Inductive voltage adder (IVA) for submillimeter radius electron beam (2002)

We have already demonstrated the utility of inductive voltage adder accelerators for production of small-size electron beams. In our approach, the inductive voltage adder drives a magnetically immersed foilless diode to produce high-energy (10-20 MeV), high-brightness pencil electron beams. This concept was first demonstrated with the successful experiments which converted the linear induction accelerator RADLAC II into an IVA fitted with a small 1-cm radius cathode magnetically immersed foilless diode (RADLAC II/SMILE). We present validations of extending this idea to mm-scale electron beams using the SABRE and HERMES-III inductive voltage adders as test beds. The SABRE experiments are already completed and have produced 30 kA, 9 MeV electron beams with envelope diameter of 1.5 mm FWHM. The HERMES-III experiments are currently underway.
<i>Introduction to Photorefractive Nonlinear Optics</i> (1994)

Electromagnetic Waves in Crystals. Electromagnetic Propagation in Periodic Media. Photorefractive Effects. Wave Mixing in Photorefractive Media. Photorefractive Resonators. Photorefractive Phase Conjugators. Diffraction Properties of Gratings in Photorefractive Media. Volume Holograms and Planar Holograms. Phase Conjugate Interferometry. Optical Computing. Other Applications. Higher Order Photo--Induced Gratings. Appendices. Indexes.
The Formation of Interference Figures A Study of the Phenomena Exhibited by Transparent Inactive Crystal Plates in Convergent Polarized Light (1923)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text F. E. Wright, "The Formation of Interference Figures. A Study of the Phenomena Exhibited by Transparent Inactive Crystal Plates in Convergent Polarized Light," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7, 779-817 (1923) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Performance improvement of tall triple gate devices with strained SiN layers (2005)

In this letter, we investigate the influence of tensile and compressive SiN layers on the device performance of triple-gate devices with 60-nm fin height and fin widths down to 35 nm. It will be shown that even for narrow fin devices, the nMOS performance improvement can be as high as 20% with tensile strained layers. The improvement seen for pMOS is lower, about 10%. Next to that both compressive as well as tensile SiN layers can increase the pMOS on-state current.
Designing Exercise Regimens to Increase Bone Strength (2003)

Exercise is a very effective way to strengthen bones, particularly during childhood and adolescence. A collection of studies from the clinic and laboratory have provided new insights into how bone building effects of exercise can be maximized. From the available data we have calculated an "osteogenic index" for exercises.
Traffic Spatial Measurements Using Video Image Processing (1988)

Algorithms of video traffic image processing, presented below, have been developed by CMM and INRETS using 256x256x6 bits images collected from various scenes covering a 150 m area of a freeway under various weather conditions. First, road detection is automatically performed. The road and traffic lanes images are used to derive relationships between real and image distances and to build image transformations independant from the perspective view. Then, markers of the vehicles are extracted using geometrical adapted filters. These markers are joined to define a single marker for each vehicle. Finally, vehicles trajectories are built and traffic variables are specified.
High sensitivity ultra-broad-band absorption spectroscopy of inductively coupled chlorine plasma (2016)

International audience
Predominant information transfer from layer III pyramidal neurons to corticospinal neurons (2000)

Connections of layer III pyramidal neurons to corticospinal neurons of layer V and corticothalamic neurons of layer VI in the rat primary motor cortex were examined in brain slices by combining intracellular staining with Golgi-like retrograde labeling of corticofugal neurons. Forty layer III pyramidal neurons stained intracellularly were of the regular-spiking type, showed immunoreactivity for glutaminase, and emitted axon collaterals arborizing locally in layers II/III and/or V. Nine of them were reconstructed for morphologic analysis; 15.2% or 3.8% of varicosities of axon collaterals of the reconstructed neurons were apposed to dendrites of corticospinal or corticothalamic neurons, respectively. By confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy, some of these appositions were revealed to make synapses. These findings suggest that corticospinal neurons receive information from the superficial cortical layers four times more frequently than corticothalamic neurons. The connections were further examined by intracellular recording of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) that were evoked in layer V and layer VI pyramidal neurons by stimulation of layer II/III. EPSPs evoked in layer V pyramidal neurons showed short and constant onset latencies, suggesting their monosynaptic nature. In contrast, most EPSPs evoked in layer VI pyramidal neurons had long onset latencies, showed double-shock facilitation of onset latency, and were largely suppressed by an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor blocker, suggesting that they were polysynaptic. The results suggest that information from the superficial cortical layers is transferred directly and efficiently to corticospinal neurons in layer V and thereby exerts an important influence on cortical motor output. Corticothalamic neurons are, in contrast, considered relatively independent of, or indirectly related to, information processing of the superficial cortical layers.
Automated Generation of Customized Field Data Collection Templates to Support Information Needs of Cost Estimators (2009)

While estimating activity production rates, cost estimators rely on historical production rates. To have realistic and useful cost estimates based on historical production rates, such production rate data should be augmented with historical contextual information that depict conditions under which activity production rates were achieved in past projects. This information is needed in determining which production rate to use among alternates for a similar activity existing in a new bid. Estimators need contextual information especially when they are unfamiliar with the work being estimated. Hence, such information items need to be identified, collected, and stored for estimators’ use in new projects. This paper details a construction-method specific and an extensible approach that is developed for enabling cost estimators to define contextual information items that need to be collected on job sites and stored as part of project histories. Based on this approach, the writers implemented a prototype system, called as ContextGen, and performed user-tests with estimators with different experience levels. Results showed that the developed approach captures method-specific information needs of estimators and is extensible to incorporate new contextual information items that can have different data representations. The developed approach is also precise in retrieving contextual information items specific to a construction method from a set of predefined contextual information items available in a library.
<i>ftsW</i> is an essential cell‐division gene in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1997)

In the absence of exogenous promoters, plasmid-mediated complementation of the temperature-sensitive ftsW201 allele requires the presence of the full coding sequence of ftsW plus upstream DNA encompassing the C-terminus of mraY and the full coding sequence of murD. We used molecular and genetic techniques to introduce an insertional inactivation into the chromosomal copy of ftsW, in the presence of the plasmid-borne wild-type ftsW gene under the control of P(BAD). In the absence of arabinose, the ftsW-null strain is not viable, and a shift from arabinose- to glucose-containing liquid medium resulted in a block in division, followed by cell lysis. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that in ftsW-null filaments, the FtsZ ring is absent in 50-60% of filaments, whilst between one and three Z-rings per filament can be detected in the remainder of the population, with the majority of these containing only one Z-ring per filament. We also demonstrated that the expression of only ftsWS (the smaller of two ftsW open reading frames) from P(BAD) is sufficient for complementation of the ftsW-null allele. We conclude that FtsW is an essential cell-division protein in Escherichia coli, and that it plays a role in the stabilization of the FtsZ ring during cell division.
Performance Enhancement by Eliminating Redundant Function Execution (2006)

Programs often call the same function with the same arguments, yielding the same results. We call this phenomenon, "function reuse". Previously, we have shown such a behavior for some of the SPEC2000 integer benchmarks using HP ATOM instrumentation tools. However, this required extensive analysis by hand, and assumptions regarding side-effects caused by functions. In this paper, we modified a well-known architecture simulator, SimpleScalar, to analyze multiple benchmarks to investigate the function reuse behavior.
Shield Optimization in Simple Geometry for the Gateway Concept (2002)

The great cost of added radiation shielding is a potential limiting factor in many deep space missions. For this enabling technology, we are developing tools for optimized shield design over multi-segmented missions involving multiple work and living areas in the transport and duty phase of various space missions. The total shield mass over all pieces of equipment and habitats is optimized subject to career dose and dose rate constraints. Preliminary studies of deep space missions indicate that for long duration space missions, improved shield materials will be required. The details of this new method and its impact on space missions and other technologies will be discussed. This study will provide a vital tool for evaluating Gateway designs in their usage context. Providing protection against the hazards of space radiation is one of the challenges to the Gateway infrastructure designs. We will use the mission optimization software to scope the impact of Gateway operations on human exposures and the effectiveness of alternate shielding materials on Gateway infrastructure designs. This study will provide a guide to the effectiveness of multifunctional materials in preparation to more detailed geometry studies in progress.
[Metabolism of nicousamide in rat and human liver in vitro]. (2008)

This paper is aimed to study the metabolic kinetics of nicousamide in rat liver microsomes and cytosol and to identify the major metabolite and drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the metabolism of nicousamide in rat and human liver microsomes by selective inhibitors in vitro. The concentration of nicousamide was determined by HPLC-UV method. The metabolite of nicousamide in rat and human liver microsomes was isolated and identified by LC-MS/MS. The major metabolite of nicousamide in rat and human liver microsomes was identified to be 3-(3'-carboxy-4'-hydroxy-anilino-carbo-)-6-amino-7-hydroxy-8-methyl-coumarin (M1). The metabolite of nicousamide in rat plasma, urine, bile and liver was consistent with M1. The metabolism of nicousamide can be catalyzed by several reductases, including CYP450 reductases, cytochrome b5 reductases and CYP2C6 in rat liver microsomes, as well as xanthine oxidase and DT-diaphorase in rat liver cytosol.
Striae gravidarum in primiparae (2006)

Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that maternal age, body mass index, weight gain and neonatal birth weight were independently associated with the occurrence of striae. It appears that the group at highest risk of developing severe striae are teenagers. This finding is important and may provide impetus to explore the pathomechanisms of striae.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL FACTORS ON YIELD DIFFERENCES AMONG LANDSCAPE POSITIONS IN AN APPALACHIAN CORNFIELD (1990)

The topography of the Appalachian region strongly influences the environment for plant growth. We conducted a field study in 1984 and 1985 on a Gilpin silt loam soil association in Preston County, West Virginia, to determine soil and environmental factors controlling corn (Zea mays L.) yield differences among landscape positions. Four plots were established at each of nine locations including summit, shoulder (N, E, S, W aspects), and backslope (N, E, S, W aspects). Athough common management practices were used throughout the field, silage, yields (65% moisture) were 15.3 to 43.0 Mg/ha in 1984 and 22.2 to 36.6 Mg/ha in 1985. Grain yields (15% moisture) were 3.1 to 8.2 Mg/ ha in 1984 and 4.0 to 7.6 Mg/ha in 1985. Poor silage and grain yields were associated with higher clay content and lower organic C in the A horizon, lower plant “available water” in the 0− to 15-cm depth interval, and possible subsoil acidity problems. Mean “available water” as represented by the difference between gravimetric water determined over time and water retained at 1500 kPa was a good predictor of silage yield. Soil water was apparently the most important factor controlling corn production differences in this study. The ability to predict soil water relationships on the landscape would hasten the development of successful agronomic management practices for the hilly Appalachian region.
The activation domain of the enhancer binding protein p45NF-E2 interacts with TAF <sub>II</sub> 130 and mediates long-range activation of the α- and β-globin gene loci in an erythroid cell line (1997)

We have used the interaction between the erythroid-specific enhancer in hypersensitivity site 2 of the human beta-globin locus control region and the globin gene promoters as a paradigm to examine the mechanisms governing promoter/enhancer interactions in this locus. We have demonstrated that enhancer-dependent activation of the globin promoters is dependent on the presence of both a TATA box in the proximal promoter and the binding site for the erythroid-specific heteromeric transcription factor NF-E2 in the enhancer. Mutational analysis of the transcriptionally active component of NF-E2, p45NF-E2, localizes the critical region for this function to a proline-rich transcriptional activation domain in the NH2-terminal 80 amino acids of the protein. In contrast to the wild-type protein, expression of p45 NF-E2 lacking this activation domain in an NF-E2 null cell line fails to support enhancer-dependent transcription in transient assays. More significantly, the mutated protein also fails to reactivate expression of the endogenous beta- or alpha-globin loci in this cell line. Protein-protein interaction studies reveal that this domain of p45 NF-E2 binds specifically to a component of the transcription initiation complex, TATA binding protein associated factor TAFII130. These findings suggest one potential mechanism for direct recruitment of distal regulatory regions of the globin loci to the individual promoters.