gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prion-like nuclear aggregation of TDP-43 during heat shock is regulated by HSP40/70 chaperones (2013)

TDP-43 aggregation in the cytoplasm or nucleus is a key feature of the pathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia and is observed in numerous other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Despite this fact, the inciting events leading to TDP-43 aggregation remain unclear. We observed that endogenous TDP-43 undergoes reversible aggregation in the nucleus after the heat shock and that this behavior is mediated by the C-terminal prion domain. Substitution of the prion domain from TIA-1 or an authentic yeast prion domain from RNQ1 into TDP-43 can completely recapitulate heat shock-induced aggregation. TDP-43 is constitutively bound to members of the Hsp40/Hsp70 family, and we found that heat shock-induced TDP-43 aggregation is mediated by the availability of these chaperones interacting with the inherently disordered C-terminal prion domain. Finally, we observed that the aggregation of TDP-43 during heat shock led to decreased binding to hnRNPA1, and a change in TDP-43 RNA-binding partners suggesting that TDP-43 aggregation alters its function in response to misfolded protein stress. These findings indicate that TDP-43 shares properties with physiologic prions from yeast, in that self-aggregation is mediated by a Q/N-rich disordered domain, is modulated by chaperone proteins and leads to altered function of the protein. Furthermore, they indicate that TDP-43 aggregation is regulated by chaperone availability, explaining the recurrent observation of TDP-43 aggregates in degenerative diseases of both the brain and muscle where protein homeostasis is disrupted.
Functional Roles of <i>Src</i> and <i>Fgr</i> in Ovarian Carcinoma (2011)

This study demonstrates that, in addition to Src, Fgr plays a biologically significant role in ovarian cancer growth and might represent an important target.
Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) from a Transport Operator’s Perspective : Opportunities and challenges (2019)

Congestion and pollution are challenges that have started to build pressure on urban cities to introduce more environmental-friendly transportation alternatives. One transport solution that has gained attention in the light of digitalization is a concept called mobility as a service (MaaS) that has the potential to change how people travel today. However, the main issue related to MaaS is that there is no sustainable or long-term business model in place, and it is unclear how value can be created for actors that are considering to integrate themselves to this ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to investigate what the potential opportunities and challenges are from a transport operator’s perspective when considering to integrate their transportation service to MaaS. This study further addresses the key elements that are needed in this service and its system-level enablers, as well as, how transportation operators’ ability and desire differ to influence the development of MaaS. The study is moreover built on a qualitative research approach where actors from both private and public organizations were interviewed. The gathered data was in combination with a literature review and business model theory analyzed to provide an answer to the current opportunities and challenges with MaaS. The results indicate that both public transport and carpools are essential parts to even consider developing MaaS further and to be able to compete with privately owned vehicles. To be able to make MaaS an attractive transportation solution and to be able to develop this service further, thirdparty resellers have to be granted permission by PTA’s to sell their travel tickets, and that carpool cars have to be given a definition to receive parking subsidies. Next, it was concluded that a clearer added value is needed in order for private and public transportation operators to see the actual value that MaaS could potentially offer their businesses and customers. Moreover, both roles and responsibilities have to be determined to make transport operators aware of how an integration of their service into the MaaS ecosystem could affect them. Additionally, transportation operators that are operating within procured public traffic are limited in their ability to influence the development of MaaS, since they do not have the mandate to make that decision. On the contrary, private transport operators do have the ability to affect the development of MaaS and could have the potential to create their own MaaS solution.
Student satisfaction in higher education: a meta-analytic study (2017)

This paper discusses the results of a meta-analysis performed to identify key antecedent and consequent constructs of satisfaction in higher education. We offer an integrated model to achieve a better understanding of satisfaction in the context of higher education. To accomplish this objective, we identified 83 studies that were valid and relevant to the research objective of the current study, generating a total of 469 observations. We identified studies published from 1986 to 2016 and analyzed six antecedent dimensions (perceived value of educational services, resources provided to the student, service quality perception, marketing orientation, identity of the higher education institution, university environment) and one consequent dimension related to satisfaction. The 7 dimensions exhibited a total of 51 relationships. We believe that the originality of the findings clearly contributes to future academic research in higher education.
A novel multi-address chaotic sequence for TH-PPM-UWB system (2010)

This paper proposes a novel chaotic PN (pseudo-noise) sequence for ultra wideband (UWB) impulse radio time-hopping pulse-position-modulation (TH-PPM). The proposed chaotic sequence is generated by a novel chaotic system, and its randomness characteristics are analyzed and tested via FIPS 140- 1 standard. Then the PN sequence is applied to the TH-PPM-UWB system to enhance its antinoise performance. A model of the chaos-based UWB communication system is established in the purpose of analyzing the performance of its reception. Using the chaotic PN sequence as spread spectrum address code and assuming ideal synchronization at the receivers, the bit error rate (BER) of multi-user TH-PPM-UWB system in additive Gaussian white noise(AGWN) channel is derived in terms of the noisy intensity and the number of users. Simulation results show that the chaotic sequence is a good PN sequence for the TH-PPM modulation and can be used in DS-UWB and other chaotic communications.
Room Temperature Operating Solid‐State Sensor for Chlorine Gas (1998)

A galvanic cell‐type sensor which works at room temperature has been successively constructed with a gastight solid electrolyte, RuO2 as a sensing electrode, and a Pb reference electrode embedded into the electrolyte. By adding powder to the electrolyte, the disk was increased in mechanical strength. The cell arrangement can be represented as
Isolation and identification of phosphatidic acid targets from plants (2004)

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is emerging as an important lipid signalling molecule. In plants, it is implicated in various stress-signalling pathways and is formed in response to wounding, osmotic stress, cold stress, pathogen elicitors, Nod factors, ethylene and abscisic acid. How PA exerts its effects is still unknown, mainly because of the lack of characterized PA targets. In an approach to isolate such targets we have used PA-affinity chromatography. Several PA-binding proteins were present in the soluble fraction of tomato and Arabidopsis cells. Using mass spectrometric analysis, several of these proteins, including Hsp90, 14-3-3 proteins, an SnRK2 serine/threonine protein kinase and the PP2A regulatory subunit RCN1 could be identified. As an example, the binding of one major PA-binding protein, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), was characterized further. Competition experiments with different phospholipids confirmed specificity for PA. Hypo-osmotic treatment of the cells increased the amount of PEPC that bound the PA beads without increasing the absolute amount of PEPC. This suggests that PEPC's affinity for PA had increased. The work shows that PA-affinity chromatography/mass spectrometry is an effective way to isolate and identify PA-binding proteins from plants.
Reduction of azanaphthalenes by sodium borohydride in trifluoroacetic acid (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of azanaphthalenes by sodium borohydride in trifluoroacetic acidRobert C. Bugle and Robert A. OsteryoungCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 10, 1719–1720Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01324a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01324a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views551Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stress-induced intracellular glutamine depletion. The potential use of glutamine-containing peptides in parenteral nutrition. (1987)

Of the total pool of muscle free intracellular amino acids glutamine represents about 60%. A uniform reduction of approximately 50% of the intracellular free glutamine pool is the most typical feature in various catabolic conditions. Since nutritional or therapeutical efforts to beneficially influence cellular glutamine pool failed and because free glutamine cannot be infused owing to its instability, the question arose as to whether maintenance of this pool is feasible by intravenous provision of glutamine-containing peptides. Our basic research plan attempted to combine the synthesis and characterization of, among other peptides, L-alanyl-L-glutamine (Ala-Gln) with investigations aimed at examining in vivo uptake and subsequent utilization of this solute. The synthesis of Ala-Gln was performed by applying the N-carboxy anhydride method in the aqueous phase. The purity in the final product approached 100% and the structure could be fully confirmed by field-desorption mass spectrometry and proton magnetic resonance spectrometry. The synthetic peptide Ala-Gln is highly soluble (568 g/l H2O; 20 degrees C) and stable during heat sterilization at various pH. Thus, Ala-Gln complies with each criterion to be included in future parenteral solutions. Isotope studies with Ala[U14C]Gln in experimental rat and dog strongly indicate that the peptide is easily available and the constituent amino acids are rapidly used for protein synthesis, preferentially in muscle tissue. In catabolic rats, continuous TPN without inclusion of Ala-Gln resulted in a profound decrease in tissue free glutamine levels compared with normal rats. Inclusion of Ala-Gln to TPN was followed by an increase in tissue free glutamine pool, considerably in liver and markedly in muscle. These findings indicate a preferential capacity of muscle tissue to take up Ala-Gln and suggest subsequent utilization of the liberated free glutamine in this tissue. For the first time, in vivo utilization of Ala-Gln was evaluated in healthy humans and substantiated with kinetic studies and under conditions of continuous infusion of peptide-supplemented amino acid solution. The peptide elimination t1/2 was 3.1 +/- 0.16 min and that for the liberated free amino acids glutamine and alanine 8.2 +/- 0.82 and 6.8 +/- 0.34 min, respectively. During infusion of an amino acid solution supplemented with Ala-Gln and Gly-Tyr, the increments of plasma glutamine and tyrosine were 33% +/- 2.2 and 67% +/- 5.7 over the initial values. No peptide could be detected in the urine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Interactions of Methylene Blue with Human Disulfide Reductases and Their Orthologues from<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2007)

Methylene blue (MB) has experienced a renaissance mainly as a component of drug combinations against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Here, we report biochemically relevant pharmacological data on MB such as rate constants for the uncatalyzed reaction of MB at pH 7.4 with cellular reductants like NAD(P)H (k = 4 M(-1) s(-1)), thioredoxins (k = 8.5 to 26 M(-1) s(-1)), dihydrolipoamide (k = 53 M(-1) s(-1)), and slowly reacting glutathione. As the disulfide reductases are prominent targets of MB, optical tests for enzymes reducing MB at the expense of NAD(P)H under aerobic conditions were developed. The product leucomethylene blue (leucoMB) is auto-oxidized back to MB at pH 7 but can be stabilized by enzymes at pH 5.0, which makes this colorless compound an interesting drug candidate. MB was found to be an inhibitor and/or a redox-cycling substrate of mammalian and P. falciparum disulfide reductases, with the kcat values ranging from 0.03 s(-1) to 10 s(-1) at 25 degrees C. Kinetic spectroscopy of mutagenized glutathione reductase indicates that MB reduction is conducted by enzyme-bound reduced flavin rather than by the active-site dithiol Cys58/Cys63. The enzyme-catalyzed reduction of MB and subsequent auto-oxidation of the product leucoMB mean that MB is a redox-cycling agent which produces H2O2 at the expense of O2 and of NAD(P)H in each cycle, turning the antioxidant disulfide reductases into pro-oxidant enzymes. This explains the terms subversive substrate or turncoat inhibitor for MB. The results are discussed in cell-pathological and clinical contexts.
Photonic Sintering of Silver Nanoparticles: Comparison of Experiment and Theory (2012)

Photonic sintering is a low thermal exposure sintering method developed to sinter nanoparticle thin films. The process involves using a xenon flash lamp to deliver a high intensity, short duration (< 1 ms), pulse of light to the deposited nanoparticles. Photonic sintering was developed by Nanotechnologies (now NovaCentrix) of Austin, Texas, and was first made public in 2006 (Schroder et al., 2006). As photonic sintering is a new technology it is also known as pulsed thermal processing (PTP) (Camm et al., 2006) and intense pulsed light (IPL) sintering (Kim et al., 2009). Conductive thin films composed of nanoparticle depositions, when exposed to a short pulse of high intensity light, are transformed into functional printed circuits. The printed circuits can be tailored for use as flexible circuit boards, RFID tags, flat panel displays (Carter & Sears, 2007), photovoltaics, or smart packaging (Novacentrix, 2009). One of the primary advantages of the method is that the high intensity pulse of light produces minimal damage on low temperature substrates. This allows the nanoparticles to be deposited and cured on a high variety of low temperature substrates such as cloth, paper, and Mylar (Carter & Sears, 2007; Farnsworth, 2009). Another advantage of using photonic curing is the speed at which nanoparticle depositions can be sintered. Rather than spending hours in an oven or programming a laser to follow the deposition path, the photonic curing process can sinter large areas (~ 200 cm2 per 10 cm long lamp) in < 2 ms (Novacentrix 2009).
Einleitung (2000)

In den letzten Jahren hat sich der Wettbewerb in allen Branchen und auf allen Märkten drastisch verschärft. Die Gründe dafür liegen in der Globalisierung der Märkte, in dem damit verbundenen Preisdruck, und im sogenannten Single Sourcing begründet. Der Begriff des Single Sourcing beschreibt die Tendenz in Unternehmen, die Zahl ihrer Lieferanten deutlich zu reduzieren. Ziel des Single Sourcing ist es, die Beschaffung einfacher und übersichtlicher zu gestalten und über die höheren Umsatzanteile der verbleibenden Lieferanten stärkeren Druck auf die Preise auszuüben.
Results of 281 Consecutive Total Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypasses to Treat Morbid Obesity (2002)

Laparoscopic gastric bypass demonstrates excellent weight loss and resolution of comorbidities with a low complication rate. The learning curve is evident: operative time and leaks decreased with experience and improved techniques. The primary advantage is an extremely low risk of wound complications, including infection and hernia.
The Interest of Folic Acid in Targeted Photodynamic Therapy (2015)

Photodynamic therapy is an alternative to chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer treatment. PDT is clinically applied to treat age-related macular degeneration and several types of cancer. Most of the time, the selectivity of the treatment is brought about by the application of light. Another strategy to improve selectivity is to design and synthesize targeted photosensitizers or nanoparticles, which can identify and selectively accumulate within tumor tissues. This review presents our inventory of all the data concerning the use of folic acid as a promising targeting unit to improve the selectivity of photosensitizers to folic acid receptors. We will discuss the strategies that are developed to couple folic acid to photosensitizers or nanoparticles as well as the influence of the presence of folic acid on the objects' photophysical properties and their effects on selectivity and phototoxicity in vitro and in vivo.
Regulatory effect of cytokines on eosinophil degranulation. (1990)

We tested the effects of different cytokines on IgA- and IgG-induced eosinophil degranulation in vitro to determine the potential interaction between eosinophils and mononuclear cells. Purified normodense eosinophils were incubated with cytokines (including rIL-1, rIL-2, rIL-3, rIL-4, rIL-5, rIL-6, IFN-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage CSF stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and TNF) for 1 to 3 h after which Ig-coupled Sepharose 4B beads were added as targets and the mixtures were incubated with the eosinophils at 37 degrees C for 4 h. The Ig used were secretory IgA (sIgA), serum IgA and IgG, and myeloma IgA and IgG. The release of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) was measured by RIA as an index of degranulation. rIL-5 was the most potent enhancer of Ig-induced degranulation and increased EDN release by 48% for sIgA and 136% for IgG. The effect of rIL-5 appeared as quickly as 15 min after incubation of eosinophils, sIgA beads and IL-5. GM-CSF and rIL-3 also enhanced Ig-induced EDN release but less potently than rIL-5. GM-CSF and rIL-5 by themselves induced a small but significant release of EDN from eosinophils in the absence of Ig-coated beads; rIL-3 did not. However, IFN-gamma suppressed sIgA-induced EDN release by 23%. The other cytokines did not have any effect on eosinophil degranulation. These results suggest that cytokines which induce eosinophil differentiation and proliferation during hematopoiesis also enhance the effector function of mature eosinophils and that IFN-gamma partially down-regulates eosinophil degranulation.
Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β activates AMPK without forming a stable complex: synergistic effects of Ca2+ and AMP (2009)

Activation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) by phosphorylation at Thr172 is catalysed by at least two distinct upstream kinases, i.e. the tumour suppressor LKB1, and CaMKKbeta (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-beta). The sequence around Thr172 is highly conserved between the two catalytic subunit isoforms of AMPK and the 12 AMPK-related kinases, and LKB1 has been shown to act upstream of all of them. In the present paper we report that none of the AMPK-related kinases tested could be phosphorylated or activated in intact cells or cell-free assays by CaMKKbeta, although we did observe a slow phosphorylation and activation of BRSK1 (brain-specific kinase 1) by CaMKKalpha. Despite recent reports, we could not find any evidence that the alpha and/or beta subunits of AMPK formed a stable complex with CaMKKbeta. We also showed that increasing AMP concentrations in HeLa cells (which lack LKB1) had no effect on basal AMPK phosphorylation, but enhanced the ability of agents that increase intracellular Ca2+ to activate AMPK. This is consistent with the effect of AMP on phosphorylation of Thr172 being due to inhibition of dephosphorylation, and confirms that the effect of AMP is independent of the upstream kinase utilized.
Mathematical modeling of pathogenicity of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (2008)

Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is the most common cause of fungal meningitis worldwide. In infected patients, growth of the fungus can occur within the phagolysosome of phagocytic cells, especially in non-activated macrophages of immunocompromised subjects. Since this environment is characteristically acidic, Cn must adapt to low pH to survive and efficiently cause disease. In the present work, we designed, tested, and experimentally validated a theoretical model of the sphingolipid biochemical pathway in Cn under acidic conditions. Simulations of metabolic fluxes and enzyme deletions or downregulation led to predictions that show good agreement with experimental results generated post hoc and reconcile intuitively puzzling results. This study demonstrates how biochemical modeling can yield testable predictions and aid our understanding of fungal pathogenesis through the design and computational simulation of hypothetical experiments.
A Collaborative Environment Integration Layer for Activity Orientation (2006)

This paper proposes the creation of an architectural layer for integration of all the resources and members participating in a given collaborative activity into a unified framework which is referred as the collaborative environment integration layer (CEIL). This layer is considered a necessary step for integrating with open standards all the collaborative resources or components into a tightly coupled collaborative environment which implements activity orientation. The proposal considers two architectural elements. The first element is the collaborative environment description language (CEDL), which is the formal language for describing all the elements and associated parameters relevant for modeling and managing a collaborative environment. The second one is the collaborative environment management interface (CEMI), which is the unified interface which provides uniform management and configuration of the collaborative components of an environment. This layer includes accurate descriptions of the virtual organizations associated to collaborative activity, including participants, roles, rights, hierarchies, etc being able to model the variety of existing virtual organization models
Metabolism in Diatoms. V. Germanium Dioxide, a Specific Inhibitor (1966)

In enriched sea-water cultures inoculated with a mixture of algae and other organisms, concentrations of Ge02 above 1.5 mg/I specifically suppressed the growth of diatoms. In experiments with 14 pure cultures of diatoms (10 species), 1 mg Ge02/1 sufficed to reduce the growth rates significantly; 10 mg Ge02/1 was even
Flow Visualization Tools for Image Analysis of Capillary Networks (2004)

The above flow visualization techniques are valuable tools to aid in the study of image focus, network geometry, RBC flow paths and dynamics, that can then be used in identifying capillaries for subsequent (separate) detailed analysis to provide quantitative information about RBC flow.