gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Noncompetitive Proteasome Inhibition on Bortezomib Resistance (2010)

5AHQ is a noncompetitive proteasome inhibitor that is cytotoxic to myeloma and leukemia cells in vitro and inhibits xenograft tumor growth in vivo. 5AHQ can overcome some forms of bortezomib resistance in vitro.
Synthesis of polyimide and poly(imide‐benzoxazole) in polyphosphoric acid (1993)

Abstract A polyimide made from 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) was synthesized in polyphosphoric acid. Although the polymerization proceeded heterogeneously, a polyimide with an inherent viscosity of 0.90 was obtained, and a tough and flexible film was made from this polyimide. This polymerization was a one‐step reaction including polycondensation and imidization; this was also confirmed by a model reaction between aniline and phthalic anhydride. Utilizing this polymerization method, 3,3′‐dihydroxy‐4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl and 2 mol of 4‐aminobenzoic acid were reacted in PPA, then BPDA was reacted to obtain an alternate copolymer containing imide and oxazole rings. This reaction gave a homogeneous solution of the poly(imide‐benzoxazole). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS AND LAUNCHING TECHNIQUES FOR AIR BALLAST SYSTEMS (1967)

Abstract : This report examines some of the more practical aspects in the application of air ballast systems to the control of free-flight balloons. Each type of air ballast system, as defined in Scientific Report No. 1, is analyzed for the cost, availability of materials, components, and instrumentation required. In addition, for each type of air ballast system deemed feasible, the possible flight system configurations, associated launching problems, and methods to solve the problems are investigated. It is the conclusion of this report that most air ballast systems can be instrumented and flown with conventional or off-the-shelf components and equipment. Systems using very large payloads are more difficult to handle and launch than smaller payload systems and probably will require some development in new launching techniques and associated equipment.
A Study of Acceleration Coefficients in Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on CPSO (2010)

Low convergence accuracy and the acceleration coefficient setting problem have always been the difficult and hot research points of particle swarm optimization algorithm. This paper introduces a composite particle swarm optimization CPSO based on the adaptive PSO and adaptive GA and applies CPSO in the BP network training of turbo-pump fault diagnosis. In addition, the classical test function Rastrigrin is performed to test the performance of CPSO. The simulation results show that CPSO has obvious advantages over other optimization algorithms in terms of convergence accuracy and the law of acceleration coefficient setting is summed up through the analysis of the simulation results of acceleration coefficient distribution.
Structural stability and thermal properties of BeO from the quasiharmonic approximation (2010)

The phase diagram and thermal properties of BeO crystal are calculated within the quasiharmonic approximation and using density functional theory. The wurtzite, zinc blende and rocksalt phases of BeO are considered. Phonons are calculated versus external pressure. The pressure dependence of frequencies for the zone-center phonon modes is analyzed. The resulting free energy provides predictions for the temperature dependence of various quantities such as the equilibrium volume, thermal expansivity and isobaric heat capacity. The mean-squared vibrations of BeO atoms are investigated as well. The calculated (p,T) diagram predicts a structural phase transition from the wurtzite to rocksalt phase solely. The zinc blende structure is energetically not preferred in the investigated range of pressures and temperatures. Theoretical results are compared with the available experimental data and other ab initio calculations. Existing discrepancies between quasiharmonic theory and experiment are discussed and some explanation is given.
Elaborated Reichardt detectors (1985)

The elaborated Reichardt detector (ERD) proposed by van Santen and Sperling [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1, 451 (1984)], based on Reichardt's motion detector [Z. Naturforsch. Teil B 12, 447 (1957)], is an opponent system of two mirror-image subunits. Each subunit receives inputs from two spatiotemporal filters (receptive fields), multiplies the filter outputs, and temporally integrates the product. Subunit outputs are algebraically subtracted to yield ERD output. ERD's can correctly indicate direction of motion of drifting sine waves of any spatial and temporal frequency. Here we prove that with a careful choice of either temporal or spatial filters, the subunits can themselves become quite similar or equivalent to the whole ERD; with suitably chosen filters, the ERD is equivalent to an elaborated version of a motion detector proposed by Watson and Ahumada [NASA Tech. Memo. 84352 (1983)]; and for every choice of filters, the ERD is fully equivalent to the detector proposed by Adelson and Bergen [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2, 284-299 (1985)]. Some equivalences between the motion detection (in x, t) by ERD's and spatial pattern detection (in x, y) are demonstrated. The responses of the ERD and its variants to drifting sinusoidal gratings, to other sinusoidally modulated stimuli (on-off gratings, counterphase flicker), and to combinations of sinusoids are derived and compared with data. ERD responses to two-frame motion displays are derived, and several new experimental predictions are tested experimentally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gadolinium Doped Europium Sulfide (2010)

We have prepared gadolinium doped europium sulfides, Eu(1-x)Gd(x)S for a doping range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1 by thermal decomposition of the precursors Eu(S(2)CNEt(2))(3)Phen/Gd(S(2)CNEt(2))(3)Phen with respective ratios. Electron doping provides indirect evidence for the magnetic coupling through carrier electrons in magnetic semiconductors. Based on the magnetic properties, we determined that the paramagnetic Curie temperature, Θp, varies with doping level, in a similar way to Eu(1-x)Gd(x)O exhibiting a significant increase at low doping levels. All materials have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, magnetic measurements, ICP-MS, and TEM.
Thin-film gated photocathodes for electron-beam lithography (1999)

Photoemission has often been proposed as a promising approach for achieving arrays of independently modulated photocathodes for electron-beam lithography applications. In most such proposals the modulation of the photocurrent is assumed to be achieved by controlling the incident light energy reaching each photocathode. For many applications, however, the optical complexity of such a scheme limits the attractiveness of the photocathode approach. In this article we propose a novel gated photocathode structure which resolves this concern. It allows stable and reproducible electrical modulation of the photocurrent from each photocathode in a thin-film array under continuous optical illumination. In addition, by using illumination of the photocathodes through a transparent substrate, the position, the size, and the shape of each photocathode can be accurately determined during fabrication rather than being determined by the size of the optical illumination spot on the photocathode material. A number of structures with different geometry have been fabricated and tested, and found to exhibit behavior consistent with theoretical expectations. It is found that even in accelerating fields as high as 105 volts per cm, photocurrent can be extinguished by applying only a few volts to the gate of such structures.
The Oxidation of Unsaturated Acetals and Acylals with Peracetic Acid (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Oxidation of Unsaturated Acetals and Acylals with Peracetic AcidDONALD L. HEYWOOD and BENJAMIN PHILLIPSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 10, 1699–1703Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01080a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01080a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views512Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fiber Suspensions in Complex Geometries: Flow/Orientation Coupling (2002)

Abstract A Galerkin finite element solution is developed for the flow of fiber suspensions. Primary variables are velocity, pressure, and a second‐order tensor describing the fiber orientation. The model treats the orientation as three‐dimensional, includes fiber—fiber interaction effects, and uses an orthotropic closure approximation. The flow and orientation are strongly coupled through an orientation‐dependent constitutive equation. We explore the effect of this coupling on the fluid mechanics of fiber suspensions by studying three flows: an axisymmetric contraction, an axisymmetric expansion, and a center‐gated disk. Coupling enhances the corner vortex in the contraction, in quantitative agreement with published experiments and calculations. The expansion results demonstrate that the aligned‐fiber approximation is not valid for this flow. In the center‐gated disk the effects of coupling are modest and are only noticeable near the center of the disk. This supports the use of decoupled models for injection molding in thin cavities.
Deoxygenation of Biomass‐Derived Feedstocks: Oxorhenium‐Catalyzed Deoxydehydration of Sugars and Sugar Alcohols (2012)

Turn sugar into oil: The deoxygenation reaction of sugar moieties is important for the conversion of biomass into chemicals and fuels. The methyltrioxorhenium-catalyzed deoxydehydration reaction was successfully applied to this purpose using another alcohol as solvent/reductant. The reaction was highly stereospecific, affording linear polyene products from C4–C6 sugar alcohols and aromatic compounds from C4–C6 sugars.
Autoradiographic characterization of angiotensin receptor subtypes in fetal and adult human kidney (1992)

To better understand the action of angiotensin II (ANG II) and angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARA) in human kidney, ANG II receptors were characterized by in vitro autoradiography in fetal and adult human renal tissue using 125I-[Sar1-Ile8]ANG II (125I-ANG II), a potent ANG II antagonist. Binding was inhibited with the ARAs DuP 753 and PD 123177, respectively. In adult kidneys (n = 5), binding of 125I-ANG II showed the following characteristics: arterial vessels had dissociation constant (Kd) = 387.6 +/- 29.1 (SD) pM and maximal binding (Bmax) = 41.4 +/- 3.6 fmol/mg tissue equivalent (TE); glomeruli had Kd = 885.7 +/- 217.1 pM and Bmax = 35.5 +/- 8.1 fmol/mg TE; and outer medulla had Kd = 142.1 +/- 52.5 pM and Bmax = 7.7 +/- 2.3 fmol/mg TE. PD 123177 effectively displaced 125I-ANG II only in large preglomerular vessels [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.22 +/- 0.1 nM, type 2 receptor (AT2)], whereas DuP 753 displaced only the labeled ligand in glomeruli (IC50 = 0.28 +/- 0.11 nM) and outer medulla (IC50 = 0.39 +/- 0.11 nM, AT1). In fetal kidneys (n = 4), a diffuse 125I-ANG II binding was demonstrated in the medulla (Kd = 36.6 +/- 7.1 pM; Bmax = 25 +/- 3.8 fmol/mg TE) and in the cortex (Kd = 19.5 +/- 8 pM; Bmax = 7.2 +/- 2.2 fmol/mg TE). Both cortical (IC50 = 0.039 +/- 0.019 nM) and medullary binding (IC50 = 0.076 +/- 0.039 nM) could only be displaced by PD 123177.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Glycosyl chains and 25‐hydroxycholesterol contribute to the intracellular transport of amyloid beta (Aβ‐42) in Jurkat T cells (2017)

Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a peptide responsible for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Misfolding and accumulation of endogenous Aβ can lead to neural cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Added exogenous Aβ can also result in ER stress, leading to neurotoxicity and apoptosis, which is identical to that caused by the endogenous peptide. We have speculated that the endocytic transport of Aβ causes ER stress and have previously shown that the oxysterol, in particular, 7-ketocholesterol (7-keto) induces more surface interaction between Aβ-42 and Jurkat cells than cholesterol. However, the interaction was not enough to induce intracellular transfer of the peptide. In this study, we investigated the effect of another oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH) on the membrane raft-dependent transport of Aβ-42 in Jurkat cells. Interestingly, intracellular transfer of Aβ-42 was observed in the presence of 25-OH only after the inclusion of cholera toxin B subunit (CT-B), a marker used to detect the raft domain. We speculated that 25-OH can induce intracellular movement of Aβ peptides. Furthermore, CT-B together with GM1 provided negative curvature, which resulted in the intracellular transport of Aβ-42. Notably, we used a protofibrillar species of Aβ-42 in this study. We have shown that the transport was microtubule-dependent since it could not be observed in depolymerized microtubules. These results demonstrate that oxysterols and glycosyl chains are important factors affecting intracellular transport. These compounds are also associated with aging and advanced glycation are risk factors for AD. Thus, this study should further understanding of the pathology of AD.
Studies on lolium multiflorum endosperm in tissue culture I. Nutrition (1973)

Stocks of L. multiflorum endosperm callus have been maintained in liquid suspension culture on a modified White's medium for 5 years. The mean doubling time under the conditions used is 3· 2 days. Best growth is obtained on sucrose; fructose and glucose are good carbon sources, whereas growth is only moderate on an equimolar mixture of both.
Conduction mechanism of a TaO<sub>x</sub>-based selector and its application in crossbar memory arrays (2015)

The conduction mechanism of a Pd/TaOx/Ta/Pd selector device, which exhibits high non-linearity (∼10(4)) and excellent uniformity, has been systematically investigated by current-voltage-temperature characterization. The measurement and simulation results indicate two dominant processes of selector current at opposite biases: thermionic emission and tunnel emission. The current-voltage-temperature behaviors of the selector can be well explained using the Simmons' trapezoidal energy barrier model. The TaOx-based selective layer was further integrated with a HfO2-based resistive switching layer to form a selector-less resistive random access memory (RRAM) device structure. The integrated device showed a reliable resistive switching behavior with a high non-linearity (∼5 × 10(3)) in the low resistance state (LRS), which can effectively mitigate the sneak path current issue in RRAM crossbar arrays. Evaluations of a crossbar array based on these selector-less RRAM cells show less than 4% degradation in read margin for arrays up to 1 Mbit in size. These results highlight the different conduction mechanisms in selector device operation and will provide insight into continued design and optimization of RRAM arrays.
<b>Alkyl- and Arylsulfur Trifluorides</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkyl- and Arylsulfur TrifluoridesWilliam A. SheppardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 16, 3058–3063Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00875a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00875a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views642Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stratigraphic Predictions of Continental Margins for The U.S. Navy (1999)

Numerical Experiments in Stratigraphy: Recent Advances in Stratigraphic and Sedimentologic Computer Simulations - This volume presents the results derived from a three-day workshop held at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, from May 15 through May 17, 1996. The objectives of the workshop were to document, characterize, demonstrate, and compare different computing procedures that have been utilized in simulating stratigraphic sequences. Both inverse and forward simulation modeling procedures are represented. The results of the workshop and the papers assembled here include: (1) an enhanced understanding of similarities and differences between models and modeling philosophies, (2) increased communication among modeling groups and geoscientists, (3) critical evaluation of applications and assessment of how models have been utilized, and (4) improvements and refinements in techniques for generating and describing model input and output.
An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Configuration tuning is vital to optimize the performance of database management system (DBMS). It becomes more tedious and urgent for cloud databases (CDB) due to the diverse database instances and query workloads, which make the database administrator (DBA) incompetent. Although there are some studies on automatic DBMS configuration tuning, they have several limitations. Firstly, they adopt a pipelined learning model but cannot optimize the overall performance in an end-to-end manner. Secondly, they rely on large-scale high-quality training samples which are hard to obtain. Thirdly, there are a large number of knobs that are in continuous space and have unseen dependencies, and they cannot recommend reasonable configurations in such high-dimensional continuous space. Lastly, in cloud environment, they can hardly cope with the changes of hardware configurations and workloads, and have poor adaptability. To address these challenges, we design an end-to-end automatic CDB tuning system, CDBTune, using deep reinforcement learning (RL). CDBTune utilizes the deep deterministic policy gradient method to find the optimal configurations in high-dimensional continuous space. CDBTune adopts a try-and-error strategy to learn knob settings with a limited number of samples to accomplish the initial training, which alleviates the difficulty of collecting massive high-quality samples. CDBTune adopts the reward-feedback mechanism in RL instead of traditional regression, which enables end-to-end learning and accelerates the convergence speed of our model and improves efficiency of online tuning. We conducted extensive experiments under 6 different workloads on real cloud databases to demonstrate the superiority of CDBTune. Experimental results showed that CDBTune had a good adaptability and significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art tuning tools and DBA experts.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of AM-112, a Novel Oxapenem (2003)

AM-112 [(1'R,5R,6R)-3-(4-amino-1,1-dimethyl-butyl)-6-(1'-hydroxyethyl)oxapenem-3-carboxylate] is a novel oxapenem compound which possesses potent beta-lactamase-inhibitory properties. Fifty-percent inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) of AM-112 for class A enzymes were between 0.16 and 2.24 micro M for three enzymes, compared to IC(50)s of 0.008 to 0.12 micro M for clavulanic acid. Against class C and class D enzymes, however, the activity of AM-112 was between 1,000- and 100,000-fold greater than that of clavulanic acid. AM-112 had affinity for the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of Escherichia coli DC0, with PBP2 being inhibited by the lowest concentration of AM-112 tested, 0.1 micro g/ml. Ceftazidime was combined with AM-112 at 1:1 and 2:1 ratios in MIC determination studies against a panel of beta-lactamase-producing organisms. These studies demonstrated that AM-112 was effective at protecting ceftazidime against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains and derepressed class C enzyme producers, reducing ceftazidime MICs by 16- and 2,048-fold. Similar results were obtained when AM-112 was combined with ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, or cefepime in a 1:2 ratio. Protection of ceftazidime with AM-112 was maintained against Enterobacter cloacae P99 and Klebsiella pneumoniae SHV-5 in a murine intraperitoneal sepsis model. The 50% effective dose of ceftazidime against E. cloacae P99 and K. pneumoniae SHV-5 was reduced from >100 and 160 mg/kg of body weight to 2 and 33.6 mg/kg, respectively, when it was combined with AM-112 at a 1:1 ratio. AM-112 demonstrates potential as a new beta-lactamase inhibitor.
Leveraged Bending for Full-Gap Positioning with Electrostatic Actuation (1998)

The pull-in instability limits the travel distance of an elastically-suspended parallel-plate electrostatic actuator to about 1/3 of the gap. In this paper we report an electrostatic actuator design which can achieve complete gap travel without pull-in. The specific structure which has been fabricated and tested is designed for position ing mirrors in a tunable diffraction grating known as a polychromator; however, the actuation principle, which we call "leveraged bending," should be applicable to a wide range of devices.
[Vitamin C and psychomotor reactivity]. (1978)

The effect of vitamin C on the activity of the brain was studied. In groups of workers well provided for with vitamin C allowances a reduced number of industrial traumas was noted, which can be attributed to a greater concentration of attention and better reactivity. This could be achieved by administering daily doses of 100-150 mg of vitamin C. Workers engaged in night shifts were found to show improved psychotechnical test results with an ascorbinemia level of over 0.5 mg%. In a group of volunteers aged 16 to 18 years the results of psychomotor tests improved after a 14-day daily taking of 1000 mg of the vitamin C.