gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Supervised STDP Based Training Algorithm with Dynamic Threshold Neurons (2006)

This paper presents an extension of previous work whereby the Spike Timing Dependant Plasticity (STDP) rule was used to train a two layer Spiking Neural Network (SNN). In that work a supervised training algorithm was developed using an STDP based rule that affected weights both locally and at network level. This work extends the rule to a three layer network with multiple inter-neuron excitatory synaptic connections and associated delays. The network utilises dynamic thresholds to facilitate an association between spatial patterns in the input data and classes. The algorithm is benchmarked using nonlinearly separable classification problems and results show that the three layer network exhibits a significant improvement over the two layer.
Time Series Clustering via NMF in Networks (2018)

Time series data mining has attracted a lot of attention in the last decade, especially the research on the clustering of time series data. Network-based clustering technology, transforming data of time series into a network and then used community detection methods of network to cluster time series, is a new approach to cluster time series data. This approach takes the advantage that a network can describe the relationship between any pair or any group of data samples, but the effectiveness of clustering heavily dependent on the performance of algorithms of community detection. In this paper, we cluster time series by transforming them into network and detecting communities by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Experimental evaluations illustrate the superiority of our approach compared with the state-of-the-arts such as Multilevel.
Design and implementation of distributed network storage in LAN (2003)

The system studied in this paper organized the computers in LAN to provide the users with a piece of expandable and high capability virtual storage space and reliable service.Any pc in LAN could visit the virtual storage space.This paper introduced the file protection algorithm and presented the implementation..
Suppressed process-induced damage in N/sub 2/O-annealed SiO/sub 2/ gate dielectrics (1995)

The impact of N/sub 2/O-nitridation of SiO/sub 2/ on gate oxide reliability against plasma damage is investigated here. It is observed that nitridation of thermal oxide significantly enhances the resistance of gate oxide against plasma induced charging. It is also observed that increasing N/sub 2/O nitridation enhances the immunity to plasma damage progressively. An optimum combination of N/sub 2/O anneal temperature and flow-rate can be used to obtain highly reliable gate dielectrics within reasonable thermal budgets. The impact of N/sub 2/O-nitridation of SiO/sub 2/ on gate oxide reliability against plasma.
Localisation collaborative pour réseaux de capteurs (2008)

L'utilisation de mécanismes de localisation dans les réseaux de capteurs est essentiel à la fois pour les protocoles de communication (routage géographique) que pour certaines applications (suivi de véhicules). Dans cet article nous proposons un nouvel algorithme localisé sans GPS, sans ancre et sans spécificité matérielle particulière. Chaque nœud va construire une table de distance qualitative basée sur la collaboration avec son voisinage, i.e. basé sur les informations reçues de ses voisins 1 et 2 sauts grâce à un échange de paquets hello. Ainsi cet algorithme va permettre à chaque nœud du réseau de classer ses voisins en trois catégories : très proche, proche et éloigné. Nous avons étudié notre solution sur une topologie particulière, la grille, puis nous évaluons ses performances sur des topologies aléatoires.
Board-level Reliability of Package-on-Package Stacking Assemblies Subjected to Coupled Power and Thermal Cycling Tests (2007)

In this work, the sequential thermal-mechanical coupling analysis, which solves in turn the transient temperature field and subsequent thermomechanical deformations, is performed to investigate thermal characteristics along with fatigue reliability of a board-level package-on-package (PoP) stacking assembly under coupled power and thermal cycling test conditions. Effects of powering sequences on thermal characteristics and fatigue reliability of the PoP are examined.
Re‐examination of inhibitor resistance conferred by Q<sub>o</sub>‐site mutations in cytochrome <i>b</i> using yeast as a model system (2005)

Cytochrome b from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyer ex Hansen) provides a convenient model system for the study of Qo-site inhibitor (QoI) resistance mutations from a variety of organisms. QoI resistance mutations from fungal plant pathogens (G143A and F129L), malaria agent Plasmodium sp (Y279C/S), and Pneumocystis carinii (L275F), an opportunistic pathogenic fungus of man, were introduced into yeast cytochrome b and their effect on the binding of a variety of natural (myxothiazol and stigmatellin) and synthetic (atovaquone, azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin) inhibitors to the bc1 complex monitored. L275S (from a myxothiazol-resistant yeast) was also re-examined. Stigmatellin binding was relatively unaffected by the introduction of these mutations. Significant increases in resistance were observed for the strobilurin-class inhibitors myxothiazol, azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, with the largest increase in resistance conferred by G143A. In contrast, atovaquone binding was most effected by Y279C/S and L275S. Notably, F129L, G143A and L275S had a minor effect on bc1 activity, and so are unlikely to confer significant fitness penalties in vivo. These data are discussed in the light of the atomic structures for myxothiazol- and azoxystrobin-inhibited bovine bc1 which have recently become available. We propose that QoI resistance due to G143A arises from steric hindrance between the inhibitor and cytochrome b, whereas the mechanism of resistance for the other mutations is due to an increase in binding energy between the protein and inhibitor molecule. Site-directed mutagenesis was also used to model selected regions of the mammalian Qo site in yeast cytochrome b in order to further understand the differential efficacy of these QoI in the mammalian and pathogen bc1 complexes.
Automatic Extraction of Cause-Effect Information from Newspaper Text Without Knowledge-based Inferencing (1998)

Journal Article Automatic Extraction of Cause-Effect Information from Newspaper Text Without Knowledge-based Inferencing Get access CHRISTOPHER S. G. KHOO, CHRISTOPHER S. G. KHOO Corrrespondance: Christopher khoo, School of Applied Science, Nanyang Technological University, Bik N4 #2A-36, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798. E-mail: assgkhoo@ntu.edu.sg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JAKLIN KORNFILT, JAKLIN KORNFILT Syracuse UniversityNew York, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ROBERT N. ODDY, ROBERT N. ODDY Syracuse UniversityNew York, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SUNG HYON MYAENG SUNG HYON MYAENG Chungnam National UniversityTaejon, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Literary and Linguistic Computing, Volume 13, Issue 4, December 1998, Pages 177–186, https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/13.4.177 Published: 01 December 1998
Synthesis of Ethyl Acetate from Ethanol over Metallic Palladium Catalyst (1968)

金属パラジウム触媒によりエタノールと酸素から酢酸エチルが収率よく得られることを見い出した。この反応を流通式固定床反応器を用い, 活性炭,γ-アルミナ等の担体に金属パラジウムを担持した触媒により, 塩化パラジウムとの比較, 触媒活性の経時変 化,境膜拡散,触媒細孔内拡散,原料ガス組成,反応温度,W/F等と原料の転化率,生成物の選択率との関係を調べた。その結果,塩化パラジウム触媒もエステル生成能を多少有するが活性の変化が著しい。それに対して金属パラジウム触媒は酢酸エチル生成の活性が大きく, しかも触媒活性は長時間持続する。さらに物理過程の寄与が無視できる実験領域では酸素およびエタノ分圧の増大は酢酸エチル生成速度を増し,W/Fと選択率の関係よりアセトアルデヒドは酢酸エチル生成の逐次反応の中間生成物であることがわかった。これらの結果より,この反応はエタノールからまずアセトアルデヒドが生成し,アセトアルデヒド,エタノール,酸素の反応により酢酸エチルが生成するのである。副反応としてはアセトアルデヒドが酸化分解してメタンと二酸化炭素になる反応がある。
Nondestructive reverse engineering of trace maps in multilayered PCBs (2002)

The focus of this paper is on separating the layers of an unpopulated, two layered circuit card assemblies/printed circuit boards (CCA/PCB) using X-ray stereo imaging. By separating the layers, we mean that our desire is to separate the traces on each layer of any multi-layered CCA. The final end product is envisioned to be an interactive, automated trace reconstruction system which will separate individual trace layers on a multi-layered PCB. Some of the benefits of such a system are: (1) eliminates the need to have prior knowledge of the CCA via examination of its engineering data; (2) the system can be generalized to different types of CCA's which have different number of trace layers, without any modification to the software; (3) allow the examination of each trace layer of a (multi-layered) CCA separately; (4) a non-intrusive technique which would not subject the CCA to any electronic stimulation.
<title>Evaluation of innovative air-monitoring technologies for the measurement of ambient concentrations of ozone and its precursors at the 1996 Summer Olympics</title> (1997)

An open path Fourier transform IR spectrometer and an ultra- violet differential optical absorption spectrometer were used during the 1996 Atlanta Olympics games to monitor for ambient ozone and its precursors near the Olympic Village. Both systems were operated continuously before, during, and after the increase in Atlanta's population associated with the Summer games. The study utilized the massive changes in population patterns to observe and measure changes in local air quality due to an increased local population. A second goal of the program was to evaluate both open path instruments in continuous field use over a period of several weeks. The evaluation included the following criteria: instrumentation operability, system precision and accuracy, detection capability, and over-all ease of use. Both open path systems selected and measured ambient levels of ozone. A limited number of ozone precursors were detected. The study was sponsored by the Georgia Institute of Technology's Air Quality Laboratory, the US Department of Energy, and the US Environmental Protection Agency.
Trajectory Prediction Accuracy and Error Sources for Regional Jet Descents (2013)

The Efficient Descent Advisor (EDA) controller automation tool generates trajectory-based speed, path, and altitude-profile advisories to facilitate efficient, continuous descents into congested terminal airspace. While prior field trials have assessed the trajectory-prediction accuracy for large jet (i.e., Boeing and Airbus) types, smaller (i.e., regional and business) jet types present unique challenges involving different descent procedures and Flight Management System (FMS) capabilities. A small-jet field trial was conducted at Denver in the fall of 2010 with the objective of measuring trajectory prediction accuracy and quantifying the primary sources of error. This paper uses data collected onboard a Bombardier Global 5000 test aircraft to quantify the size and sources of trajectory prediction error. Error sources were quantified for the 44 runs by incrementally replacing predicted data with data collected onboard the aircraft and measuring the effect on time error. Results for en-route descents, from prior to top of descent to the meter fix 60-120 nmi downstream, indicate that the aircraft arrived an average 15 seconds earlier than predicted, with a standard deviation of 10 seconds. Target Mach and CAS deceleration were found to be the two largest error sources. If CAS deceleration error was reduced using a typical, more predictable level flight deceleration then the arrival time prediction error in 2010 would be on par with a 2009 flight trial of Airbus and Boeing revenue flights. Four of the error sources, tracker jumps, CAS deceleration, target Mach, and path distance, lend themselves to significant reductions with modest to no changes to ATC automation andor procedures. Wind error and its impact on arrival time error was significantly reduced in 2010 compared to a 1994 flight test using NASAs Boeing 737 test aircraft.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoreactions of Dispiro(naphthalene‐1,2′(1′H)‐naphtho(2,1‐b)pyran‐3′,1′′‐naphthalene)‐2(1H),2′′(1′′H)‐dione and Similar Dispironaphthalenones. Novel Case of β‐C‐C Cleavage in Enones. (1988)

Abstract Irradiation of the spiro compounds (Ia) affords the products (II)‐(VI) resulting from β‐cleavages and intramolecular cycloaddition (yields given in mg).
The<scp>B</scp>iginelli Dihydropyrimidine Synthesis (2004)

Abstract The cyclocondensation of suitable CH‐acidic carbonyl compounds, aldehydes, and urea‐type blocks under acidic conditions provides multifunctionalized derivatives. The discovery of this three‐component condensation process was made by Biginelli in 1893, therefore this reaction is called the “Biginelli reaction,” “Biginelli condensation,” or the “Biginelli dihydropyrimidine synthesis.” While the early examples of this cyclocondensation process typically involved a beta‐ketoester, aromatic aldehyde, and urea, the scope has now been extended considerably by variation of three building blocks, allowing access to a large number of multifunctionalized pyridmidine derivatives. The importance of multicomponent reactions in combinatorial chemistry has generated a renewed interest in the Biginelli reaction and the number of patents and publications on this subject is growing. In this chapter, all three‐component condensations involving suitable CH‐acidic carbonyl compounds, aldehydes, and urea‐type building blocks following the Biginelli concept are covered. Therefore, reactions involving 1,3‐diketones or nitroacetone as building blocks leading to dihydropyrimides that follow the discussed substitution pattern are included in contrast to earlier articles. Patents are only cited if they contain information not otherwise available.
Regioselektive Veresterung und Veretherung von Cellulose und Cellulosederivaten. Teil 2. Synthese regioselektiv substituierter Celluloseester (1995)

S.58
Path Selection and Multipath Congestion Control (2007)

In this paper we investigate the potential benefits of coordinated congestion control for multipath data transfers, and contrast with uncoordinated control. For static random path selections, we show the worst-case throughput performance of uncoordinated control behaves as if each user had but a single path (scaling like log(log( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> ))/log( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> ) where <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> is the system size, measured in number of resources). Whereas coordinated control gives a throughput allocation bounded away from zero, improving on both uncoordinated control and on the greedy-least loaded path selection of e.g. Mitzenmacher. We then allow users to change their set of routes and introduce the notion of a Nash equilibrium. We show that with RTT bias (as in TCP Reno), uncoordinated control can lead to inefficient equilibria. With no RTT bias, both uncoordinated or coordinated Nash equilibria correspond to desirable welfare maximising states. Moreover, simple path reselection polices that shift to paths with higher net benefit can find these states.
Mechanical stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy: mechanisms and signal transduction pathways (2000)

Cardiac hypertrophy is a well known response to increased hemodynamic load. Mechanical stress is considered to be the trigger inducing a growth response in the overloaded myocardium. Furthermore, mechanical stress induces the release of growth-promoting factors, such as angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and transforming growth factor-beta, which provide a second line of growth induction. In this review, we will focus on the primary effects of mechanical stress: how mechanical stress may be sensed, and which signal transduction pathways may couple mechanical stress to modulation of gene expression, and to increased protein synthesis. Mechanical stress may be coupled to intracellular signals that are responsible for the hypertrophic response via integrins and the cytoskeleton or via sarcolemmal proteins, such as phospholipases, ion channels and ion exchangers. The signal transduction pathways that may be involved belong to two groups: (1) the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway; and (2) the janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. The MAPK pathway can be subdivided into the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the 38-kDa MAPK (p38 MAPK) pathway. Alternatively, the stress signal may be directly submitted to the nucleus via the cytoskeleton without the involvement of signal transduction pathways. Finally, by promoting an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration stretch may stimulate the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, a novel hypertrophic signalling pathway.
The Role of Early Follow-Up Computed Tomography Imaging in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients With Intracranial Hemorrhage (2007)

Although PHI is common with head injury, delayed interventions in the absence of clinical indicators are uncommon. Our data suggest that early follow-up CT imaging in the setting of head trauma is not routinely indicated. We suggest that assessment, based on the severity of findings on initial brain imaging and serial clinical examinations, should guide the need for follow-up imaging in the setting of head trauma.
Detection of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism on uidA Gene of Escherichia coli by a Multiplexed Electrochemical DNA Biosensor with Oligonucleotide-Incorporated Nonfouling Surface (2011)

We report here a practical application of a multiplexed electrochemical DNA sensor for highly specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection. In this work, a 16-electrode array was applied with an oligonucleotide-incorporated nonfouling surfaces (ONS) on each electrode for the resistance of unspecific absorption. The fully matched target DNA templated the ligation between the capture probe assembled on gold electrodes and the tandem signal probe with a biotin moiety, which could be transduced to peroxidase-based catalyzed amperometric signals. A mutant site (T93G) in uidA gene of E. coli was analyzed in PCR amplicons. 10% percentage of single mismatched mutant gene was detected, which clearly proved the selectivity of the multiplexed electrochemical DNA biosensor when practically applied.
Molecular Recognition of Enolates of Active Methylene Compounds in Acetonitrile. The Interplay between Complementarity and Basicity and the Use of Hydrogen Bonding to Lower Guest pKas (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Recognition of Enolates of Active Methylene Compounds in Acetonitrile. The Interplay between Complementarity and Basicity and the Use of Hydrogen Bonding to Lower Guest pKasAnne M. Kelly-Rowley, Vincent M. Lynch, and Eric V. AnslynCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 12, 3438–3447Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00117a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00117a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views858Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Feature Co-occurrence Maps: Appearance-based localisation throughout the day (2013)

In this paper we present a new method, Feature Co-occurrence Maps, for appearance-based localisation over the course of a day. We show that by quantising local features in both feature and image space, discriminative statistics can be learned on the co-occurrences of features at different times of the day. This allows for matching at any time, without requiring individual images to be stored representing each time of day, and matching is performed efficiently by simultaneously matching to the entire database. We further show how matching along image sequences can be incorporated into the system and adapt existing methods by allowing for non-zero acceleration. Results on a 20km outdoor dataset show improved performance in precision-recall over state of the art.
Relevant B Cell Epitopes in Allergic Disease (2009)

The 3-dimensional structure of an allergen defines the accessible parts on the surface of the molecule or epitopes that interact with antibodies. Mapping the antigenic determinants for IgE antibody binding has been pursued through strategies based on the use of overlapping synthetic peptides, recombinant allergenic fragments or unfolded allergens. These approaches led to the identification of mostly linear epitopes and are useful for food allergens that undergo digestion or food processing. For inhaled allergens, conformational epitopes appear to be the primary targets of IgE responses. Knowledge of the molecular structure of allergens alone and in complex with antibodies that interfere with IgE antibody binding is important to understand the immune recognition of B cell-antigenic determinants on allergens and the design of recombinant allergens for immunotherapy. Starting with the molecular cloning and expression of allergens, and with the advent of X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, we have been able to visualize conformational epitopes on allergens.
Design of a mobile coastal communications buoy (2004)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2004.
Borehole Failure Resulting From Formation Integrity (Leak-Off) Testing in Upper Marine Sediments Offshore (1998)

This paper presents the results of a theoretical study, supported with the finite element analysis, into potential loss of external integrity around a casing shoe resulting from leak-off testing (LOT) in upper marine sediments (UMS). Three types of possible failures from LOTs were considered: vertical fracture, horizontal fracture, and a channel outside cemented annulus. It is proved in the paper that vertical fracture is the most unlikely failure of the three. The other two types of failure can be distinguished by different values of propagation pressures. Although horizontal fractures are initiated at low pressure in the plastic zone around the wellbore, they cannot propagate beyond the plastic zone until wellbore pressures exceed overburden pressures. Annular channels, on the other hand, may propagate upwards at pressures lower than overburden pressure. The paper shows that these channels are initiated at pressures equal to the contact stress between cement and rock and their propagation pressures are on average 3.5-fold greater than contact stress. It is also explained how to identify the UMS with high risk of annular channeling during LOTs.
En‐Reaktionen von Alkinen zur stereoselektiven Synthese von Allylaminen (1997)

Das Gegenion macht's Bei Verwendung von komplexen Anionen mit geringer Nucleophilie tritt eine bisher unbekannte En‐Reaktion zwischen Iminium‐Ionen und Alkinen ein, die einen einfachen stereo‐ und regioselektiven Zugang zu substituierten Allylaminen eröffnet [Gl. (a)]. magnified image