gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Virus Production and Removal as Measured with Fluorescently Labeled Viruses as Tracers (2000)

Pelagic marine viruses have been shown to cause significant mortality of heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, and phytoplankton. It was previously demonstrated, in nearshore California waters, that viruses contributed to up to 50% of bacterial mortality, comparable to protists. However, in less productive waters, rates of virus production and removal and estimates of virus-mediated bacterial mortality have been difficult to determine. We have measured rates of virus production and removal, in nearshore and offshore California waters, by using fluorescently labeled viruses (FLV) as tracers. Our approach is mathematically similar to the isotope dilution technique, employed in the past to simultaneously measure the release and uptake of ammonia and amino acids. The results indicated overall virus removal rates in the dark ranging from 1.8 to 6.2% h(-1) and production rates in the dark ranging from 1.9 to 6.1% h(-1), corresponding to turnover times of virus populations of 1 to 2 days, even in oligotrophic offshore waters. Virus removal rates determined by the FLV tracer method were compared to rates of virus degradation, determined at the same locations by radiolabeling methods, and were similar even though the current FLV method is suitable for only dark incubations. Our results support previous findings that virus impacts on bacterial populations may be more important in some environments and less so in others. This new method can be used to determine rates of virus degradation, production, and turnover in eutrophic, mesotrophic, and oligotrophic waters and will provide important inputs for future investigations of microbial food webs.
Hybrid Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Driving in On-Road Dynamic Scenarios (2019)

A safe trajectory planning for on-road autonomous driving is a challenging problem owing to the variety and complexity of driving environments. The problem should involve the consideration of numerous aspects such as road geometry, lane-structured roads, traffic regulations, traffic participants, and vehicle physical limitations. Furthermore, dynamically changing movements of surrounding vehicles make the problem more challenging. It requires the planner's ability to react to the changes in the driving environments in real time. To solve this problem, sampling and numerical optimization-based trajectory planners were introduced. However, these methods have their own limitations in generating a safe trajectory in these dynamic scenarios. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a hybrid trajectory planning scheme to integrate the strength of the sampling and optimization methods. With the sampling method for a lateral movement, the planner can deal with various trajectories with multiple maneuvers. This helps the planner to generate a reactive trajectory in a dynamically changing environment. The numerical optimization of a longitudinal movement enables the planner to adapt to diverse situations without restriction of predefined patterns for specific driving purposes. The proposed method was implemented with an embedded optimization coder and C++ environment. Based on this, its performance was evaluated through simulation and real driving tests in various on-road dynamic scenarios.
Hydrodynamic voltammetry with microelectrodes: channel microband electrodes; theory and experiment (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrodynamic voltammetry with microelectrodes: channel microband electrodes; theory and experimentRichard G. Compton, Adrian C. Fisher, R. Geoffrey Wellington, Peter J. Dobson, and Peter A. LeighCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 40, 10410–10415Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/j100142a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views778Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Mid-amble aided OFDM performance analysis in high mobility vehicular channel (2008)

In this paper, we present Mid-amble aided channel estimation and its performance analysis of OFDM signal in high mobility vehicular radio channel. Preamble and Pilot subcarriers are used for initial acquisition and channel estimation in WAVE system. In case of long sized packets, the performance is degraded in high mobility radio channel. The proposed Mid-amble aided channel estimation gives the improved performance over conventional Preamble and Pilot subcarriers aided channel estimation methods.
Natural language requirements quality analysis based on business domain models (2013)

Quality of requirements written in natural language has always been a critical concern in software engineering. Poorly written requirements lead to ambiguity and false interpretation in different phases of a software delivery project. Further, incomplete requirements lead to partial implementation of the desired system behavior. In this paper, we present a model for harvesting domain (functional or business) knowledge. Subsequently we present natural language processing and ontology based techniques for leveraging the model to analyze requirements quality and for requirements comprehension. The prototype also provides an advisory to business analysts so that the requirements can be aligned to the expected domain standard. The prototype developed is currently being used in practice, and the initial results are very encouraging.
Benzodiazepines: Anxiety-Reducing Activity by Reduction of Serotonin Turnover in the Brain (1972)

The anxiety-reducing effects of minor tranquilizers in the rat conflict test were mimicked by serotonin antagonists and by p-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis; the depressant effects of the minor tranquilizers were mimicked by norepinephrine antagonists. Intraventricular injections of serotonin led to a suppression of behavior, and also antagonized the anxiety-reducing action of benzodiazeprines. Intraventricular injections of norepinephrine led to a release of punished behavior from suppression, and also antagonized the depressant action of benzodiazepines. The anxiety-reducing activity, and the decrease in serotonin turnover induced by benzodiazepines, were maintained over repeated doses, whereas depressant activity, and the decrease induced in norepinephrine turnover, both rapidly underwent tolerance. Tranquilizers may exert their anxiety-reducing effects by a reduction of serotonin activity in a behaviorally suppressive punishment system, and they may exert their depressant effects by a reduction of norepinephrine activity in a behaviorally facilitatory reward system.
Implementing digital terrain data in knowledge-aided space-time adaptive processing (2006)

Many practical problems arise when implementing digital terrain data in airborne knowledge-aided (KA) space-time adaptive processing (STAP). This paper addresses these issues and presents solutions with numerical implementations. In particular, using digital land classification data and digital elevation data, techniques are developed for registering these data with radar return signals, correcting for Doppler and spatial misalignments, adjusting for antenna gain, characterizing clutter patches for secondary data selection, and ensuring independent secondary data samples. These techniques are applied to select secondary data for a single-bin post-Doppler STAP algorithm using multi-channel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) program data. Results with the KA approach are compared with those obtained using the standard sliding window method for choosing secondary data. These results illustrate the benefits of using terrain information, a priori data about the radar, and the importance of statistical independence when selecting secondary data for improving STAP performance
The Relationship between Political Ideology and Information as a Function of Participation (1975)

Summary The relationship between two measures of intellectual competence and political ideology was estimated at two levels of political activism. Undergraduate subjects, N = 753, were classified on the basis of their position along the liberal-conservative continuum, and according to whether the subject had or had not been active in political affairs. The results indicated that no general statement concerning the intellectual competency of those possessing a particular ideology was justified. Rather, both level of activism and dimension of intellectual competence had to be taken into consideration.
Characterization and automation of sample introduction methods for capillary zone electrophoresis (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization and automation of sample introduction methods for capillary zone electrophoresisDonald J. Rose and James W. JorgensonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 7, 642–648Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00158a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00158a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views429Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser Light Module with Integrated MEMS Mirror for Autostereoscopic Outdoor Displays (2014)

Abstract We have developed highly compact light modules to be used as pixels in multi-view autostereoscopic outdoor displays. Each light module consists of three laser diodes, associated monitor photodiodes, a cylindrical microlens, and an electromagnetic 1D MEMS mirror. The mirror deflects the collimated light beams to the left and right eyes of multiple viewers in a time- multiplexed manner. By synchronizing the MEMS mirror actuation with the three-dimensional image information, i.e. the laser diode driving signals, theoretically up to several thousand autostereoscopic views can be displayed.
The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and Screening for Dementia (2001)

The present study investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) for demented patients (n = 82, using NINCDS criteria) and 114 healthy controls--equivalent in age, years of education and gender-ratio--from the Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing. The HVLT 'Total Recall' score had 87% sensitivity and 98% specificity for dementia using a cut-off score of 14.5. Using a 'Memory' score (the sum of the 'Total Recall' and the 'Discrimination Index') with a cut-off score of 24.5 gave a 91% sensitivity and 98% specificity for Alzheimer's disease cases when compared to controls. Unlike the MMSE, the HVLT has no ceiling effects and does not have to be adjusted for education. We conclude that the HVLT is an easy to administer, quick and well tolerated tool for the screening of dementia.
Stability of doubly charged alkali halide clusters (1982)

The total energy surfaces of doubly ionized alkali halide clusters have been investigated assuming purely ionic, two-body interactions. All clusters having the form NanCln−2++ are found to be at least metastable. However, for n&lt;10, binding energy can be gained (after overcoming a barrier) on losing a Na+ ion.
Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of the 3-Aminorhodanines (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and Antimicrobial Activity of the 3-AminorhodaninesFRANCES C. BROWN, CHARLES K. BRADSHER, BETTY F. MOSER, and SHERRI FORRESTERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 8, 1056–1060Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01090a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01090a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of β‐D‐ribo‐ and 2′‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl derivatives of 6‐aminopyrazolo[4,3‐<i>c</i>]pyridin‐4(5<i>H</i>)‐one by a ring closure of pyrazole nucleoside precursors (1986)

Abstract 6‐Amino‐1‐(2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ erthro ‐pentofuranosyl)pyrazolo[4,3‐ c ]pyridin‐4(5 H )‐one ( 5 ), as well as 2‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐ and 2‐(2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐ derivatives of 6‐aminopyrazolo[4,3‐ c ]pyridin‐4(5 H )‐one ( 18 and 22 , respectively) have been synthesized by a base‐catalyzed ring closure of pyrazole nucleoside precursors. Glycosylation of the sodium salt of methyl 3(5)‐cyanomethylpyrazole‐4‐carboxylate ( 6 ) with 1‐chloro‐2‐deoxy‐3,5‐di‐ O ‐ p ‐toluoyl‐α‐D‐ erythro ‐pentofuranose ( 8 ) provided the corresponding N‐1 and N‐2 glycosyl derivatives ( 9 and 10 , respectively). Debenzoylation of 9 and 10 with sodium methoxide gave deprotected nucleosides 14 and 16 , respectively. Further ammonolysis of 14 and 16 afforded 5(or 3)‐cyanomethyl‐1‐(2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ erythro ‐pentofuranosyl)pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide ( 15 and 17 , respectively). Ring closure of 15 and 17 in the presence of sodium carbonate gave 5 and 22 , respectively. By contrast, glycosylation of the sodium salt of 6 with 2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐D‐ribofuranosyl bromide ( 11 ) or the persilylated 6 with 1‐ O ‐acetyl‐2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranose gave mainly the N‐2 glycosylated derivative 13 , which on ammonolysis and ring closure furnished 18 . Phosphorylation of 18 gave 6‐amino‐2‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpyrazolo[4,3‐ c ]pyridin‐4(5 H )‐one 5′‐phosphate ( 19 ). The site of glycosylation and the anomeric configuration of these nucleosides have been assigned on the basis of 1 H nmr and uv spectral characteristics and by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of 16 .
Cardiac and pulmonary anaphylaxis in guinea pigs and rabbits induced by glycoprotein isolated from tobacco leaves and cigarette smoke condensate. (1982)

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack. The pathologic mechanisms responsible for this association are obscure. It has been reported that approximately one-third of human volunteers, smokers and nonsmokers, exhibit immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity to a glycoprotein antigen (TGP) purified from cured tobacco leaves and present in cigarette smoke. It is also known that the heart is a primary target organ for anaphylactic reaction in many animals, including primates. In experiments described herein anaphylaxis was induced in the isolated hearts and lungs of rabbits and guinea pigs previously sensitized by immunization with TGP and challenged with TGP isolated from either tobacco leaf or cigarette smoke condensate. Cardiac anaphylaxis was characterized by sinus tachycardia, decreased contractility, decreased coronary perfusion accompanied by hypoxic electrocardiographic changes, and a variety of rhythm disturbances, including idioventricular tachyarrhythmias. These observations suggest that allergic reactions to tobacco constituents may initiate cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death in some smokers and may, in part, underly the association between cigarette smoking and heart attack.
Transport of proteins into chloroplasts (1984)

The precursor of the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase in Pisum sativum (relative molecular mass 20 000) is processed to the mature size (relative molecular mass 14 000) by the purified processing enzyme in two steps. The maturation proceeds via an intermediate of Mr 18 000. Both processing reactions may be carried out by the same enzyme although different residues are involved in the two cleavage sites. The second cleavage is inhibited if the precursor is pre-incubated with iodoacetate. The processing intermediate cannot be detected during the uptake of the precursor by intact isolated chloroplasts but iodoacetate-treated precursor is taken up and converted to a number of polypeptides of Mr 18 000 and below.
Multiple Module Pixellated CdTe Spectroscopic X-Ray Detector (2013)

A pixellated CdTe detector system comprising 2×2 detector modules has been developed for high energy spectroscopic X-ray imaging applications and has an active area of 16 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The detector modules are made from the HEXITEC 80×80 ASIC and 1 mm thick CdTe with Al-Schottky contacts. The CdTe has 250 μm pitch pixels with an outer guard ring on the same pitch. The single HEXITEC 80×80 detectors have an average energy resolution (FWHM) of 800 eV at 59.9 keV. Limitations in the multiple module DAQ system mean that the energy resolution of the pixels in the 2×2 detector array is 2.0 keV at 59.9 keV. The spacing between the tiled detector modules is 150 μm which results in an inactive area equivalent to 3 pixels, including the guard ring on the edge of the detectors. The modular detector configuration demonstrates the potential to create large area detector arrays in the future.
Standardization of Methods for Fluence (UV Dose) Determination in Bench-Scale UV Experiments (2003)

Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is now an accepted technology for inactivation of a variety of waterborne pathogens in wastewater and drinking water. However, the techniques used in much of the previous research aimed at providing information on UV effectiveness have not yet been standardized. Thus in many peer reviewed published literature, it is not clear how the UV irradiations were carried out, nor how the average fluence (or UV dose) given to the microorganisms has been determined. A detailed protocol for the determination of the fluence (UV dose) in a bench scale UV apparatus containing UV lamps emitting either monochromatic or broadband UV light was developed. This protocol includes specifications for the construction of a bench scale UV testing apparatus, methods for determination of the average irradiance in the water, details on UV radiometry, and considerations for microbiological testing. Use of this protocol will aid in standardization of bench scale UV testing and provide increased confidence in data generated during such testing.
Mathematical modeling and optimization of the electrodeless, low-pressure, discharge system (2002)

A mathematical model of an electrodeless, fluorescent lighting system consisting of a lamp, an excitation coil and a zero voltage switching converter is developed as a means to investigate the behavior of the system and to formulate an optimization problem that minimizes its power losses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidations by metal ions. Part IV. Oxidation of phenylphosphinic acid by aquavanadium(V) ions (1985)

The kinetics of the oxidation of phenylphosphinic acid by quinquevalent vanadium ion have been investigated in aqueous perchlorate media under pseudo-first order conditions (phenylphosphinic acid in excess). The reaction has a first order dependence in [V(V)] and [phenylphosphinic acid] and the observed pseudo-first order rate constant k obs is given by k obs = a + b[H + ].The acid-independent path is considered to be due to the reaction between VO 2 + (aq.) and C 6 H 5 P:(OH) 2 , the active form of phenylphosphinic acid, while the reaction between V(OH) 3 2+ (aq.) and C 6 H 5 P(O)(OH)H, the inactive form of phenylphosphinic acid, is considered to explain the acid-dependent path. Phenylphosphinic acid in aqueous acidic solution is known to exist as an equilibrium mixture of the active and inactive forms. The composite activation and thermodynamic parameters associated with the constants a and b are reported.
Distributed image search in camera sensor networks (2008)

Recent advances in sensor networks permit the use of a large number of relatively inexpensive distributed computational nodes with camera sensors linked in a network and possibly linked to one or more central servers. We argue that the full potential of such a distributed system can be realized if it is designed as a distributed search engine where images from different sensors can be captured, stored, searched and queried. However, unlike traditional image search engines that are focused on resource-rich situations, the resource limitations of camera sensor networks in terms of energy, bandwidth, computational power, and memory capacity present significant challenges. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a distributed search system over a camera sensor network where each node is a search engine that senses, stores and searches information. Our work involves innovation at many levels including local storage, local search, and distributed search, all of which are designed to be efficient under the resource constraints of sensor networks. We present an implementation of the search engine on a network of iMote2 sensor nodes equipped with low-power cameras and extended flash storage. We evaluate our system for a dataset comprising book images, and demonstrate more than two orders of magnitude reduction in the amount of data communicated and up to 5x reduction in overall energy consumption over alternate techniques.