gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ferrocene-Mediated Enzyme Electrode for Glucose with the Use of Conducting Polymer Support (1988)

Abstract An amperometric glucose-sensing electrode has been constructed by immobilizing glucose oxidase and fine particles of ferrocene in a photo-crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) layer. The magnitude of the response of the ferrocene-mediated electrode to glucose (0.5–50 mmol dm−3) increases when polypyrrole, an electrically conducting polymer, is incorporated into the poly(vinyl alcohol) support.
Alignment of Optical Maps (2006)

We introduce a new scoring method for calculation of alignments of optical maps. Missing cuts, false cuts, and sizing errors present in optical maps are addressed by our alignment score through calculation of corresponding likelihoods. The size error model is derived through the application of Central Limit Theorem and validated by residual plots collected from real data. Missing cuts and false cuts are modeled as Bernoulli and Poisson events, respectively, as suggested by previous studies. Likelihoods are used to derive an alignment score through calculation of likelihood ratios for a certain hypothesis test. This allows us to achieve maximal descriminative power for the alignment score. Our scoring method is naturally embedded within a well known DP framework for finding optimal alignments.
Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Asymmetric Hydroamination, Hydroalkoxylation, and Hydrocarbonation of Alkynes (2006)

A conceptually novel approach for asymmetric intramolecular hydroamination, hydroalkoxylation and hydrocarbonation of alkynes using chiral palladium catalysts are described. The reactions of the aminoalkynes 5, alkynols 7, and alkynylmethines 9 in the presence of Pd2(dba)3 x CHCl3/PhCOOH/renorphos 4 in benzene (or benzene-hexane) at 100 degrees C gave the corresponding cyclization products (nitrogen heterocycles 6, oxygen heterocycles 8, and carbocycles 10) in good yields with good enantioselectivities. The origins of enantioselectivities in the hydroamination reaction are discussed based on DFT computations.
Generation of Multipotent CD34+CD45+ Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2011)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are valuable reagents for studying the earliest stages of hematopoietic genesis and for modeling the developmental basis of hematologic disorders, and they may also have the potential for generating an unlimited supply of autologous transplantable hematopoietic stem cells. We have previously described the development phases of hematopoiesis that arise from differentiated hESCs using a human embryoid body (hEB) culture system. This hEB system produces hematopoietic and endothelial progenitors through a hemangioblast intermediate. In this chapter, we describe a modified and optimized version of this hEB system that generates high frequencies of multipotent CD34+CD45+ hematopoietic progenitors via employing hEB hematopoietic differentiation followed by adherent hemogenic endothelium generation. Multipotent hematopoietic progenitors can be reproducibly generated in robust amounts with this differentiation system from a wide variety of hiPSC or hESC for biochemical, transcriptomic, epigenetic, and transplantation studies.
A Fast Method of Aerodynamic Computation for Compound Gyroplane (2015)

A fast method of aerodynamic computation (FMAC) is put forward for compound gyroplane. It combines advantages of the blade element momentum theory and the engineering estimation method. To fast obtain aerodynamic characteristics of the compound gyroplane, the FMAC simplifies the interface between rotor and wing, and uses the estimation method to analyze wing and the blade element momentum theory integration method for rotor. Based on the FMAC, aerodynamic characteristics of a certain compound gyroplane are researched, and compares with the sliding mesh CFD method. The comparison confirmed the effectiveness and rapidness of this method. It is shown that the FMAC can be used for rapid aerodynamic analysis and design optimization of compound gyroplane.
Multigigabit networks: the challenge (1992)

Candidate transmitters, optical amplifiers, and detectors that can meet the very demanding constraints for digital multigigabit long-haul terrestrial communication systems through conventional fiber are reviewed. The focus is on optical devices capable of approximately 10-GHz response. Electronic issues are not addressed. The performance of existing and future external modulators, optical fiber amplifiers, and detectors is summarized. Some dispersion compensation schemes are examined, and the use of dispersion-shifted fiber for extending the reach of terrestrial networks is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genetic variation in the adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2) gene is associated with coronary artery disease and increased ADIPOR2 expression in peripheral monocytes (2010)

Our findings suggest that variants of ADIPOR2 could be a determinant for atherosclerosis independent of insulin resistance status, possibly by affecting ADIPOR2 protein levels.
The structure of the gene coding for the mouse cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin (1991)

We have recently shown that the Ca2+ dependent cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin is encoded by a single gene, localized on mouse chromosome 8. Here we describe the organization of the uvomorulin gene and give an initial characterization of the uvomorulin promoter. Uvomorulin is encoded by 16 exons, which are distributed over a region of more than 40 kb genomic DNA. The exon structure of the genes for uvomorulin and its chicken homologue L-CAM are nearly identical and thus highly conserved. The relationship between the exon structure and the structure of the uvomorulin protein is analysed. The initiation site of transcription of the uvomorulin gene is located 127 bp upstream of the translation start site in a GC-rich region with no TATA-box, but with a GC-box in position -48 and a CCAAT-box starting at position -65 with respect to the transcription start site. 1.6 kb of the uvomorulin promoter (-1492 to + 92) confer cell type specific promoter activity to the CAT reporter gene. Homologies to known cis acting elements of other promoters are discussed.
Fungal Infections (2009)

Older adults are at increased risk of developing opportunistic fungal infections because organ transplantation, intensive cancer chemotherapy regimens, and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents are now used more commonly, and because admission to an intensive care unit, which carries many risk factors for fungal infection, has become commonplace in this group. Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infections, and bloodstream infections are usually treated with fluconazole or an echinocandin antifungal agent. Invasive mold infections are mostly caused by Aspergillus species; in older adults, they cause primarily pulmonary and sinus infections, and they are associated with a high mortality rate. The endemic fungi, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides species, and Blastomyces dermatitidis, cause infection when the mold form is dispersed and inhaled from the environment in those specific areas of the country in which these organisms flourish. Amphotericin B is used for initial treatment of severe histoplasmosis, coccidioi­domycosis, and blastomycosis; itraconazole is the therapy of choice for most mild to moderate infections due to these endemic mycoses.
Feasibility of the new copper pipe method for evaluating half‐value layer in computed tomography: A measurement and Monte Carlo simulation study (2019)

This study aimed to verify the accuracy of half-value layer (HVL) measured using the new copper pipe method with the CT ionization chamber while the X-ray tube is rotating and to compare it with the conventional nonrotating method and Monte Carlo simulation method based on the actual measurement and geometry of the new copper pipe method. HVL was measured while the X-ray tube was rotating using a CT ionization chamber surrounded by copper pipe absorbers and located at the isocenter of the CT gantry. The exposure as the copper pipe thickness approached 0 mm was extrapolated from the attenuation curve to take the influence of scatter radiation into consideration. The results of the new copper pipe method were compared with those of the other two methods. Data were acquired using two different CT scanners on a single axial scan. The two one-sided test (TOST) equivalent test yielded equivalence between HVLs derived from the new copper pipe and the nonrotating methods (P < 0.05) and those derived from the new copper pipe and the simulation methods (P < 0.05) at the equivalence margins of ± 0.03 mmCu. The mean absolute difference in HVL between the new copper pipe and conventional nonrotating methods was 0.01 ± 0.02 mmCu, which corresponded to an error of effective energy of (0.86 ± 1.66)%. The new copper pipe method can ensure that HVL of CT scanner can easily be evaluated using solely the CT ionization chamber and copper pipe absorbers without requiring service engineering mode.
Linearised differential transconductors insubthreshold CMOS (1995)

Three schemes for linearising the transconductance of the basic differential pair in subthreshold CMOS are examined: (i) multiple asymmetric differential pairs, (ii) source degeneration via symmetric diffusors, and (iii) source degeneration via a single diffusor. Using a maximally flat optimising criterion, the linear range of the basic differential pair can be increased by 4–8 times.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE TRANSITION FROM EARLY REFLECTIONS TO A REVERBERATION TAIL IN A BRIR (2002)

Reflections in a binaural room impulse response (BRIR) can be classified into 2 groups: the early reflections and a reverberation tail. The aim of this work is to determine at which time a transition from early reflections to late reverberation can be said to occur. In the literature several suggestions exists for the determination of a such transition time, based on objective room parameters. How-ever, these lead to different values, and none may relate gener-ally to a perceptually justified transition time. In this investigation BRIRs are measured in a room with a listener and a loudspeaker in different positions. The BRIRs are subsequently cut at 20, 60, 10 and 140 ms and different ”heads ” and ”tails ” are combined. The modified BRIRs are compared with the original BRIRs in a 3AFC experiment to reveal the audibility of any possible position spe-cific information in the tails. Only preliminary results from a pilot experiment exists at the time of writing. 1.
The role of vertebrate nonmuscle Myosin II in development and human disease (2014)

Three different genes each located on a different chromosome encode the heavy chains of nonmuscle myosin II in humans and mice. This review explores the functional consequences of the presence of three isoforms during embryonic development and beyond. The roles of the various isoforms in cell division, cell-cell adhesion, blood vessel formation and neuronal cell migration are addressed in animal models and at the cellular level. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of nonmuscle myosin II during cardiac and brain development, and during closure of the neural tube and body wall. Questions addressed include the consequences on organ development, of lowering or ablating a particular isoform as well as the effect of substituting one isoform for another, all in vivo. Finally the roles of the three isoforms in human diseases such as cancer as well as in syndromes affecting a variety of organs in humans are reviewed.
New Phosphonic Acid Functionalized, Regioregular Polythiophenes (2003)

Here we present the synthesis of both regioregular amphiphilic polythiophenes carrying a phosphonic acid on alternating side chains (8) and a regioregular polythiophene polyelectrolyte carrying a phosphonic acid side chain (14). We present the cation self-assembly and colorimetric changes of these regioregular polythiophenes carrying phosphonic acids. We also have explored the ability of these polymers to attempt to form SAMs with zirconium.
Ultrathin Triblock Copolymer Films on Tailored Polymer Brushes (2002)

We fabricated ultrathin poly[styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene] copolymer (SBS) films deposited on polystyrene brushes. The thickness of the films was kept constant, while the grafting density and molar mass of the grafted polymer layers were varied to reveal the influence of the brush interface on the structure of the films. We examined the surface morphology of the films formed and found a strong effect of the underlying brushes on the formation of the SBS films. The development of a zeroth layer (layer without internal microphase separated structure) of SBS on the top of the grafted layer was observed. Both polystyrene and polybutadiene blocks were present inside the zeroth layer. The first block copolymer layer formed on top of the zeroth layer possessed the surface microstructure typical for the block copolymer in the bulk state. The polymer brushes were actively involved in the formation of the zeroth layer, and the structure of the block copolymer films was influenced by the grafting density and degree of polymerization of the underlying grafted polymer layer. We observed significantly distinct morphologies for the copolymer films of the same thickness deposited on the different polymer brushes. Morphology of isolated islands, holes of different size, and intermediates between islands and holes as well as uniform zeroth layer developed during annealing. Our studies demonstrate that the morphology of ultrathin block copolymer film can be manipulated by the grafting density and molecular mass of the underlying brush.
Deep Learning Segmentation and 3D Reconstruction of Road Markings Using Multiview Aerial Imagery (2019)

The 3D information of road infrastructures is growing in importance with the development of autonomous driving. In this context, the exact 2D position of road markings as well as height information play an important role in, e.g., lane-accurate self-localization of autonomous vehicles. In this paper, the overall task is divided into an automatic segmentation followed by a refined 3D reconstruction. For the segmentation task, we applied a wavelet-enhanced fully convolutional network on multiview high-resolution aerial imagery. Based on the resulting 2D segments in the original images, we propose a successive workflow for the 3D reconstruction of road markings based on a least-squares line-fitting in multiview imagery. The 3D reconstruction exploits the line character of road markings with the aim to optimize the best 3D line location by minimizing the distance from its back projection to the detected 2D line in all the covering images. Results showed an improved IoU of the automatic road marking segmentation by exploiting the multiview character of the aerial images and a more accurate 3D reconstruction of the road surface compared to the semiglobal matching (SGM) algorithm. Further, the approach avoids the matching problem in non-textured image parts and is not limited to lines of finite length. In this paper, the approach is presented and validated on several aerial image data sets covering different scenarios like motorways and urban regions.
A Preliminary Study on Quqiu Site (2002)

The excavation of Chengzi site in Laopo,Junan county,provided us some compellent evidence for the study on Quqiu,a city of Ju Sta te in Spring and Autumn period.
Designing caption production rules based on face, text, and motion detection (2008)

Producing off-line captions for the deaf and hearing impaired people is a labor-intensive task that can require up to 18 hours of production per hour of film. Captions are placed manually close to the region of interest but it must avoid masking human faces, texts or any moving objects that might be relevant to the story flow. Our goal is to use image processing techniques to reduce the off-line caption production process by automatically placing the captions on the proper consecutive frames. We implemented a computer-assisted captioning software tool which integrates detection of faces, texts and visual motion regions. The near frontal faces are detected using a cascade of weak classifier and tracked through a particle filter. Then, frames are scanned to perform text spotting and build a region map suitable for text recognition. Finally, motion mapping is based on the Lukas-Kanade optical flow algorithm and provides MPEG-7 motion descriptors. The combined detected items are then fed to a rule-based algorithm to determine the best captions localization for the related sequences of frames. This paper focuses on the defined rules to assist the human captioners and the results of a user evaluation for this approach.
Histone Acetyltransferase Activity of MOF Is Required for <i>MLL-AF9</i> Leukemogenesis (2017)

Chromatin-based mechanisms offer therapeutic targets in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that are of great current interest. In this study, we conducted an RNAi-based screen to identify druggable chromatin regulator-based targets in leukemias marked by oncogenic rearrangements of the <i>MLL</i> gene. In this manner, we discovered the H4K16 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) MOF to be important for leukemia cell growth. Conditional deletion of <i>Mof</i> in a mouse model of <i>MLL-AF9</i>-driven leukemogenesis reduced tumor burden and prolonged host survival. RNA sequencing showed an expected downregulation of genes within DNA damage repair pathways that are controlled by MOF, as correlated with a significant increase in yH2AX nuclear foci in <i>Mof</i>-deficient <i>MLL-AF9</i> tumor cells. In parallel, <i>Mof</i> loss also impaired global H4K16 acetylation in the tumor cell genome. Rescue experiments with catalytically inactive mutants of MOF showed that its enzymatic activity was required to maintain cancer pathogenicity. In support of the role of MOF in sustaining H4K16 acetylation, a small-molecule inhibitor of the HAT component MYST blocked the growth of both murine and human <i>MLL-AF9</i> leukemia cell lines. Furthermore, <i>Mof</i> inactivation suppressed leukemia development in an <i>NUP98-HOXA9</i>-driven AML model. Taken together, our results establish that the HAT activity of MOF is required to sustain <i>MLL-AF9</i> leukemia and may be important for multiple AML subtypes. Blocking this activity is sufficient to stimulate DNA damage, offering a rationale to pursue MOF inhibitors as a targeted approach to treat <i>MLL</i>-rearranged leukemias. <i>Cancer Res; 77(7); 1753-62. ©2017 AACR</i>.
High-detectivity <i>D</i>*=1.0×1010 cm √Hz/W GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum well λ=8.3 μm infrared detector (1988)

We report the first high-detectivity (D*=1.0×1010 cm (Hz)1/2/W), high-responsivity (Rv =30 000 V/W) GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs multiquantum well detector, sensitive in the long-wavelength infrared band at λ=8.3 μm (operating at a temperature of T= 77 K). Because of the mature GaAs growth and processing technologies as well as the potential for monolithic integration with high-speed GaAs field-effect transistors, large focal plane arrays of these detectors should be possible.
Modeling and Analysis of the Nonrectangular Gate Effect for Postlithography Circuit Simulation (2009)

For nanoscale CMOS devices, gate roughness has severe impact on the device <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> characteristics, particularly in the subthreshold region. In particular, the nonrectangular gate (NRG) geometries are caused by subwavelength lithography and have relatively low spatial frequency. In this paper, we present an analytical approach to model NRG effects on <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> characteristics. To predict the change of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> characteristics due to the NRG effect, the proposed model converts the postlithography gate profile into an equivalent gate length ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Le</i> ) , which is a function of the gate bias voltage but independent of the drain bias voltage. We demonstrate the accuracy of this approach by comparing it to TCAD simulation results for 65-nm technology. The new <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Le</i> model is readily integrated into standard transistor models in traditional circuit simulation tools, such as SPICE, for both dc and transient analyses. We further develop a generic procedure to systematically extract the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Le</i> value from the postlithography gate profile. The interaction with the narrow-width effect is also efficiently incorporated into the proposed algorithm. TCAD verification demonstrates that the proposed <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Le</i> model is simple for implementation, scalable with both transistor geometries and bias conditions, and also continuous across all the operation regions.
Accelerating embedded Java for mobile devices (2005)

With the proliferation of wireless devices, networks, and systems, the deployment of efficient embedded Java virtual machines is becoming a challenging and important research area. Accordingly, a plethora of acceleration techniques have been proposed. In this article we present a new acceleration technology that we developed for embedded Java virtual machines. Acceleration is achieved by the integration of a new selective dynamic compiler, which we called Armed E-Bunny, into the J2ME/CLDC (Java 2 Micro-Edition for Connected Limited Device Configuration) kilobyte virtual machine (KVM). The modified KVM is ported on a handheld PDA that is powered with embedded Linux. Experimental results demonstrate that we accomplished an important speedup (more than 360 percent) with respect to Sun's latest version of KVM. This experimentation was carried out using standard J2ME benchmarks.
Inhibition of angiogenesis by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor PJ-34 (2008)

Angiogenesis-related treatments have a broad spectrum of potential applications ranging from cancer to macular degeneration, to wound healing. Thus, the identification of pharmacological agents that modulate new blood vessel formation has attracted much attention. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor PJ-34 [N-(6-Oxo-5,6-dihydro-phenanthridin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide] on angiogenesis. Treatment of chicken chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) with PJ-34 reduced vascular length in these tissues; paradoxically, lower doses of PJ-34 (0.03 or 0.3 nmol/cm2) were more effective in inhibiting neovascularisation than higher doses (3 or 30 nmol/cm2). In vitro, incubation of endothelial cells (EC) with PJ-34 (300 nM to 10 microM) inhibited their proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner with maximal inhibition of 22.3% being observed at 10 microM. Capillary morphogenesis of EC grown on Matrigel was also negatively affected by PJ-34. In addition, PJ-34 abolished the migratory response to the prototype angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and reduced VEGF-stimulated activation of members of the mitogen activated protein kinase family (ERK1/2, p38), as well as Akt. PJ-34 also inhibited VEGF-induced NO release and cGMP accumulation. In conclusion, we provide evidence that PARP inhibition blocks angiogenesis-related EC properties by interfering with multiple signalling pathways leading to the inhibition of new blood vessel formation.