gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of the Vesta parallel file system (2002)

The Vesta parallel file system is designed to provide parallel file access to application programs running on multicomputers with parallel I/O subsystems. Vesta uses a new abstraction of files: a file is not a sequence of bytes, but rather it can be partitioned into multiple disjoint sequences that are accessed in parallel. The partitioning-which can also be changed dynamically-reduces the need for synchronization and coordination during the access. Some control over the layout of data is also provided, so the layout can be marched with the anticipated access patterns. The system is fully implemented, and is beginning to be used by application programmers. The implementation does not compromise scalability or parallelism. In fact, all data accesses are done directly to the I/O node that contains the requested data, without any indirection or access to shared metadata. There are no centralized control points in the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic flux leakage modeling for mechanical damage in transmission pipelines (1998)

This paper presents a two stage FE model for prediction of magnetic flux leakage, resulting from mechanical damage. In the first stage the stress distribution associated with mechanical damage is obtained from a structural model. In the second stage the stress distribution is incorporated into a magnetic FE model, by mapping stress levels to permeability. MFL signals are calculated and compared with experimental gouge MFL signatures.
Cellulases, hemicelluloses and auxin‐stimulated growth: a possible relationship (1989)

The plant growth promoter, auxin, may loosen the primary cell wall by increasing the activity of extracellular cellulases – a group of enzymes that cleave hemicellulose chains in the walls of both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Evidence is reviewed that suggests that these hemicellulose chains tether adjacent microfibrils, and that by cleaving such chains the cellulases facilitate cell expansion. On the basis of this structural arrangement a mechanism for elastic and plastic wall extension is proposed.
Characterization and comparison of structural and compositional features of planetary quadrilateral pyroxenes by Raman spectroscopy (2001)

This study reports the use of Raman spectral features to characterize the structural and compositional characteristics of different types of pyroxene from rocks as might be carried out using a portable field spectrometer or by planetary on-surface exploration. Samples studied include lunar rocks, martian meteorites, and terrestrial rocks. The major structural types of quadrilateral pyroxene can be identified using their Raman spectral pattern and peak positions. Values of Mg/(Mg + Fe + Ca) of pyroxene in the (Mg, Fe, Ca) quadrilateral can be determined within an accuracy of ± 0.1. The precision for Ca/(Mg + Fe + Ca) values derived from Raman data is about the same, except that corrections must be made for very low-Ca and very high-Ca samples. Pyroxenes from basalts can be distinguished from those in plutonic equivalents from the distribution of their Mg′ [Mg/(Mg + Fe)] and Wo values, and this can be readily done using point-counting Raman measurements on unprepared rock samples. The correlation of Raman peak positions and spectral pattern provides criteria to distinguish pyroxenes with high proportions of non-quadrilateral components from (Mg, Fe, Ca) quadrilateral pyroxenes.
Japan After Japan (2006)

The prolonged downturn in the Japanese economy that began during the recessionary 1990s triggered a complex set of reactions both within Japan and abroad, reshaping not only the country’s economy but also its politics, society, and culture. In Japan After Japan , scholars of history, anthropology, literature, and film explore the profound transformations in Japan since the early 1990s, providing complex analyses of a nation in transition, linking its present to its past and connecting local situations to global developments.

Several of the essayists reflect on the politics of history, considering changes in the relationship between Japan and the United States, the complex legacy of Japanese colonialism, Japan’s chronic unease with its wartime history, and the postwar consolidation of an ethnocentric and racist nationalism. Others analyze anxieties related to the role of children in society and the weakening of the gendered divide between workplace and home. Turning to popular culture, contributors scrutinize the avid consumption of “real events” in formats including police shows, quiz shows, and live Web camera feeds; the creation, distribution, and reception of Pokemon, the game-based franchise that became a worldwide cultural phenomenon; and the ways that the behavior of zealous fans of anime both reinforces and clashes with corporate interests. Focusing on contemporary social and political movements, one essay relates how a local citizens’ group pressed the Japanese government to turn an international exposition, the Aichi Expo 2005, into a more environmentally conscious project. Another essay offers both a survey of emerging political movements and a manifesto identifying new possibilities for radical politics in Japan. Together the contributors to Japan After Japan present much-needed insight into the wide-ranging transformations of Japanese society that began in the 1990s.

Contributors. Anne Allison, Andrea G. Arai, Eric Cazdyn, Leo Ching, Harry Harootunian, Marilyn Ivy, Sabu Kohso, J. Victor Koschmann, Thomas LaMarre, Masao Miyoshi, Yutaka Nagahara, Naoki Sakai, Tomiko Yoda, Yoshimi Shunya, Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto
New Techniques for Hydraulic Fracturing in the Hassi Messaoud Field (2000)

Abstract The Hassi Messaoud oilfield is a thick sandstone reservoir in the north-eastern part of central Algeria. The reservoir was discovered in 1956 and produces from a Cambrian-age sandstone at approximately 3400 meters depth. Hydraulic fracturing has been successfully used to improve oil production since 1990. Pre-treatment injection tests have been conducted on approximately 250 wells and proppant has actually been placed in approximately 200 wells. The 50 wells on which only injection tests were conducted were reviewed. The review showed that there were three main reasons why treatments were aborted after the injection tests: (1) mechanical failure of the well, (2) treating pressure too high, and (3) fracture geometry, as interpreted from temperature logs, created outside target interval. In order to increase the success rate of the treatments two new techniques were recently introduced. Propellant stimulation techniques were used to reduce fracture initiation pressures and to control the fracture initiation point.A dual fracturing technique was introduced to control downward growth of the created fractures. The paper presents three well-documented case histories to illustrate the application of these new techniques. The data presented includes pre- and post-treatment production, peak pressures from the propellant runs, temperature and radioactive tracer logs from after the injection tests, and radioactive tracer logs that show the actual placement of the proppant.
Current Conveyor-Based Square/Triangular Waveform Generators With Improved Linearity (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Two second-generation current conveyor (CCII+)-based resistance–capacitance <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(RC)$</tex></formula> square/triangular waveform generators, which have been derived from their voltage-mode op-amp-based schemes, with independent control of frequency are presented in this paper. Each configuration consists of two positive second-generation conveyors (CCII(+)-“A” and CCII(+)-“B”), three resistors, and one floating capacitor that is responsible for better linearity. The frequency of the waveform generators can independently be adjusted with any passive device. The circuits were built with commercially available current feedback operational amplifiers (AD844) and passive components used externally and tested for waveform generation and tunability. The measured results included in the paper show excellent linear variation of frequency as compared with existing reported configurations over the range from 25 Hz to 260 kHz. The configurations that are suitable for very large scale integration (VLSI) realization find application in capacitive and resistive sensors and in neuro-fuzzy systems. </para>
Eine einfache Synthese für <i>N</i>‐Acylimine des Hexafluor‐ und <i>symm</i>. Dichlortetrafluoracetons (1974)

Abstract Carbonsäureamide und Urethane reagieren mit Hexafluoraceton wie auch mit symm . Dichlortetrafluoraceton zu 2‐Acylamino‐2‐hydroxy‐1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluorpropanen bzw. 2‐Acylamino‐2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐dichlor‐1,1,3,3‐tetrafluorpropanen 3 , die durch Trifluoressigsäure‐anhydrid in Gegenwart von Pyridin oder Chinolin in 2‐Acylimino‐1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluor‐propane bzw. 2‐Acylimino‐1,3‐dichlor‐1,1,3,3‐tetrafluorpropane 5 übergeführt werden können.
pH, P<sub>C0<sub>2</sub></sub>and P<sub>0<sub>2</sub></sub>in “High-volume” Platelet Concentrates Prepared by Discontinuous-flow Centrifugation and Stored in Polyvinylchloride and Polyethylene Containers (1980)

High-volume (200 ml) platelet concentrates prepared by discontinuous-flow centrifugation, with counts as high as ca. 2.0 x 10(12)/l, were stored in either 600 ml-capacity polyvinylchloride bags or 800-ml capacity polyethylene bags. Both polyvinylchloride and polyethylene bags appeared adequate for 24-hour storage of platelet concentrates with counts greater than 0.5 x 10(12)/l. However, at 24 hours the platelet concentrates in polyvinylchloride bags showed a reduction in pH and an increase in PCO2 that were proportional to the platelet count. Only with storage in polyethylene bags did the pH and PCO2 of the platelet concentrates show little change for periods of as long as 120 hours.
Method to reduce the optical Kerr-effect-induced bias in an optical passive ring-resonator gyro (1992)

The optical passive ring-resonator gyro (OPRG) utilizes a high-finesse fiber ring resonator. A novel method to reduce the optical Kerr-effect-induced bias is proposed. The bias is monitored by modulating the light-source intensity, and fed back into one lightwave intensity traveling in the resonator to make it zero. The experiment to verify the basic operation of this method is successfully carried out.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quasi-random access memory systems (1957)

Synopsis: To select an economical memory for business data-processing systems, the memory characteristics must be matched to the work cycle, processing rate, and permissible delay time of the system. Quasi-random systems feature the low memory cost of serial memories, high processing rates, short delay times, and minimum sorting. An efficient addressing method and rapid cross references reduce the total storage requirements. Typical business examples illustrate the principles.
Sex Discrimination in Life and Law (1999)

The law of sex discrimination is hardly an innovation of the last decade of the 20th century.Depending on how broadly we define it, it began in the mid-19th century with the efforts of the pioneer women's rights advocates, or in 1920, when the Nine.teenthAmendment to the U.S. Constitution (guaranteeing women the right to vote) took effect, or in 1964, with the enact.ment of the Civil Rights Act. 1 In that light, perhaps the most amazing thing about this area of the law is how poorly under.. stood it remains after so many years of development.Nonetheless, poorly understood it is.There is much that peo.. ple fail to understand at the most basic level.This lack of com.. prehension in turn has subtle effects on the current development of the law in the courts.Paradoxically, it has led to an odd form of "progress": the further we go, the more unclear some of the core concepts have become.This is so despite the fact that after all the! theory is written and the talking stops, real people have continu.allytested the law in real litigation.That litigation, as we all know, reached the Supreme Court during October
A motion-location based indexing method for retrieving MPEG videos (2002)

Many content based video data indexing and retrieval systems have utilized the syntactic contents of the video sequences such as color, texture, and shape. And only a few research projects have addressed indexing and retrieving video data by motion. We present a method to automatically compute motion based indexes for video units and to retrieve video units using motion information. Since video is full of motion and the field of motion is the whole frame, we propose a method to divide this field of motion into several subfields and extract the motion features of every subfield. As a result, location information will be added to the motion vectors. Three keyframes will be extracted as representative frames for the corresponding shot, first, last, and middle frame. Then, the system extracts the MPEG coded motion vector information of the macroblocks of the representative frames and uses this information to compute the motion indexes of the corresponding shots. This method is faster than other methods since the motion vectors have already been computed by the MPEG software. Motions that result from camera movement and object movements are distinguished. As a result, users are able to issue queries based on either type of motion.
(2′‐5′)A<sub>n</sub>‐dependent endoribonuclease: Enzyme levels are regulated by IFNβ, IFNγ, and cell culture conditions (1988)

The levels of a (2'-5')An-dependent endonuclease (RNase L) were determined in extracts prepared from murine L cells and Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells by measuring specific binding of protein to a labeled derivative of (2'-5')An, (2'-5')A3[32P]pCp. RNase L levels were found to depend both on interferon (IFN) treatment and on cell growth conditions. Treatment of murine L cells and EAT cells with 100-2,000 IRU IFN beta or IFN gamma resulted in a similar 2-4-fold increase in the levels of RNase L when cells were present at low density. The levels of RNase L were also shown to increase 2-3-fold as cells approached saturation density. Serum-starved cells also displayed relatively high levels of RNase L. RNase L levels in cells maintained at high cell density did not change appreciably following treatment with IFN beta or IFN gamma. Regulation of RNase L levels by cell growth conditions as well as by IFN beta or IFN gamma treatment suggests that RNase L may play an important role in regulating the levels of cellular mRNAs as well as acting to degrade viral RNAs.
<title>Single Wavelength Optical Recording In Pure, Solvent Coated Infrared Dye Layers</title> (1983)

Results are presented of substrate incident optical recording experiments at A1GaAs laser wavelengths on pure, amorphous, solvent coated, dye layers. Upon laser irradiation pits with a rim are formed, which increase in width and depth with increasing pulse energy. The information is read out at the recording wavelength as reflection changes relative to the dye layer reflection.
Training sequence aided multichannel identification in the presence of interference and noise (2002)

In wireless communications, spatial (via antenna arrays) and temporal (excess bandwidth) diversity may be exploited to simultaneously equalize a user of interest while canceling or reducing (cochannel) interfering users (CCI). This can be done using the interference canceling matched filter (ICMF) which we introduced previously. The ICMF depends on the channel for the user of interest, to be estimated with a training sequence, and contains a blind interference cancellation part. The simulations show that significant improvements may result from the exploitation of the prior knowledge of the transmission pulse shape.
Swarm Formation Control Utilizing Elliptical Surfaces and Limiting Functions (2009)

In this paper, we present a strategy for organizing swarms of unmanned vehicles into a formation by utilizing artificial potential fields that were generated from normal and sigmoid functions. These functions construct the surface on which swarm members travel, controlling the overall swarm geometry and the individual member spacing. Nonlinear limiting functions are defined to provide tighter swarm control by modifying and adjusting a set of control variables that force the swarm to behave according to set constraints, formation, and member spacing. The artificial potential functions and limiting functions are combined to control swarm formation, orientation, and swarm movement as a whole. Parameters are chosen based on desired formation and user-defined constraints. This approach is computationally efficient and scales well to different swarm sizes, to heterogeneous systems, and to both centralized and decentralized swarm models. Simulation results are presented for a swarm of 10 and 40 robots that follow circle, ellipse, and wedge formations. Experimental results are included to demonstrate the applicability of the approach on a swarm of four custom-built unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs).
Non-rigid point set registration: Coherent Point Drift (2007)

We introduce Coherent Point Drift (CPD), a novel probabilistic method for nonrigid registration of point sets. The registration is treated as a Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation problem with motion coherence constraint over the velocity field such that one point set moves coherently to align with the second set. We formulate the motion coherence constraint and derive a solution of regularized ML estimation through the variational approach, which leads to an elegant kernel form. We also derive the EM algorithm for the penalized ML optimization with deterministic annealing. The CPD method simultaneously finds both the non-rigid transformation and the correspondence between two point sets without making any prior assumption of the transformation model except that of motion coherence. This method can estimate complex non-linear non-rigid transformations, and is shown to be accurate on 2D and 3D examples and robust in the presence of outliers and missing points. 1
An augmented directed graph base for application development (1982)

Directed graphs have been used as the theoretical base for many applications in Computer Science -- especially artificial intelligence. Two drawbacks to the use of directed graphs for more practical work have been:1. The difficulty in associating data of a variety of types with the nodes in the graph and with the connections between the nodes, and2. The inability to search and modify the graph efficiently as the size and complexity of the graph grows.This paper describes a library of cooperating routines for dealing with directed graphs that overcomes these objections. The first problem is overcome by adding to the usual directed graph model the concepts of "data tags" and "connection descriptors." The problem of efficiency is addressed by using a binary tree facility to implement the augmented directed graph. This paper describes the augmented directed graph "access method" and how it can be used as the base for application development.
Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous formulation of bortezomib <i>versus</i> the conventional intravenous formulation in multiple myeloma (2011)

The discovery of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway first, and the proteasome inhibitors thereafter were not made in the hope of improving the treatment of malignant diseases. However, bortezomib, the first in class proteasome inhibitor introduced in the clinical practice has contributed to improve the outcome of patients with multiple myeloma, at relapse or disease progression as well as upfront. The results observed in a large randomized trial (APEX) comparing bortezomib and high-dose dexamethasone demonstrated a significant benefit for bortezomib in terms of response rate, progression-free and overall survival. These results led to bortezomib being approved for use in relapsed and/or refractory myeloma patients. Subsequent studies demonstrated that its activity could be enhanced in combination with other drugs; and the next step was to move to the newly diagnosed patient population; in fact, bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone (VMP) is approved as a standard of care for newly diagnosed elderly patients. However, toxicity, especially peripheral neuropathy, as well as the intravenous route required for its administration are the two most significant bortezomib-related issues. To try to reduce the peripheral neuropathy, new guidelines for its management and the introduction of weekly schedules of administration have contributed to significantly decrease its incidence and the subcutaneous administration has been recently introduce to avoid the intravenous (IV) route. Results obtained in phase I/II and III studies have confirmed that subcutaneous administration is feasible and represents an additional step towards the optimization of bortezomib use, resulting in a probably more convenient method than the IV route that is at least as effective.
Micromagnetic study of pinning behavior in percolated media (2006)

A micromagnetic model has been developed describing the influence of the domain wall pinning in a magnetic thin film consisting of a granular microstructure with perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy and a film thickness in the range of 5–16nm. The diameter of the prismatic domain wall pinning centers has been varied between 2 and 10nm. The stability of a single written bit is investigated. Thermal stability (energy barrier=80kBT300) can be guaranteed if the diameters of the pinning sites are equal or larger than the domain wall width and the film thickness is about 16nm. For defects on the order of 6nm magnetically very hard materials with values of Ku of 4×106J∕m3 are required.
[A guide to advance health care directives]. (2012)

Since the law of 22nd April 2005, any patient at the end of their life can draw up advance health care directives indicating their wishes with regard to the care and treatments they would like or not like to receive if they are no longer able to communicate. Valid for three years and included in the patient's records, the doctor must consult them but is not obliged to follow them.
Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Restenosis or In-Stent Stenosis Sites Demonstrate Enhanced Responses to p53 (2002)

The p53 tumor suppressor gene regulates growth arrest and apoptosis after DNA damage. Recent studies suggest that p53 is inactive in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in human angioplasty restenosis, promoting VSMC accumulation and vessel stenosis. In contrast, the success of irradiation (brachytherapy) for in-stent restenosis argues that DNA-damage p53 responses are intact. We examined p53 expression and function in human VSMCs from normal vessels (n-VSMCs) and angioplasty/in-stent restenosis sites (r-VSMCs). p53 expression was uniformly low in all VSMCs and was induced by DNA damage. However, p53 induced profoundly different biological effects in r-VSMCs versus n-VSMCs, causing growth arrest and apoptosis in r-VSMCs only. In addition, dominant-negative p53 promoted cell proliferation and apoptosis in r-VSMCs but not n-VSMCs. Cytotoxic drug-- or irradiation-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in both cell types was mediated only partly by p53. In contrast, cyclin D degradation in response to DNA damage, a critical early mediator of growth arrest, was impaired in r-VSMCs, an effect that required p53. We conclude that p53 expression and function are normal or increased in r-VSMCs and may underlie the success of brachytherapy. We also identify a restenosis VSMC-specific defect in cyclin D degradation induced by DNA damage.