gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inotuzumab ozogamicin in clinical development for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2019)

B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) frequently express CD19, CD20 and CD22 on the cell surfaces. Immunotherapeutic agents including antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cells are widely studied in clinical trials. Several antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have been approved for clinical use (gemtuzumab ozogamicin in acute myeloid leukemia and brentuximab vedotin in Hodgkin lymphoma as well as CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma). Inotuzumab ozogamicin (INO), a CD22 antibody conjugated with calicheamicin is one of the newest ADCs. INO has been approved for treatment of relapsed /refractory B cell precursor ALL. Multiple ongoing trials are evaluating its role in the relapsed /refractory B cell NHL. This review summarized recent development in INO applications for ALL and NHL.
Search Reverse Nearest Neighbor Query On Air (2007)

A reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) search retrieves all points in a given data set whose nearest neighbor is a given query point. It is important for location-based services such as traffic monitoring and enhanced 911 service and mixed-reality games. The reverse nearest neighbor queries appear in many practical situations. Existing algorithms have been proposed recently to support RNN search in the traditional client-server service model. In this paper, we conduct a preliminary study on RNN search in wireless data broadcast environments. We employ three air indexing techniques, namely, a naive air index, Rdnn-tree air index and D-tree air index, and devise algorithms based on these techniques to search RNNs on the air. A simulation is conducted to compare the three air indexing techniques. The result shows that RNN search methods in Rdnn- and D-tree outperform the naive index approach significantly in terms of tuning time
Interaction of electromagnetic waves with a moving ionization front (1978)

The problem of an electromagnetic wave packet, incident on a relativistically moving plane ionization or recombination front in a stationary gas, is considered. The frequency of the reflected wave packet is found to obey the usual double Doppler shift relation. However, the reflection coefficients and the physics can differ significantly from the case of reflection from moving material objects. In the unmagnetized case, the ratio of the energy in the reflected wave packet to that in the incident wave packet is found to be εr*/εi*=ωi*/ωr* for an oncoming overdense ionization front, for which ωi*&lt;ωr* (where ωi* and ωr* are the incident and reflected wave frequencies in the laboratory frame). For an oncoming ionization front in the presence of an applied magnetic field normal to the front, εr*/εi* can considerably exceed ωi*/ωr*. For a retreating recombination front (ωi*≳ωr*), in the overdense unmagnetized case, εr*/εi*=ωr*/ωi*. These results have important implications for the production of sub-millimeter wavelength pulses by upshifted reflection from a relativistically moving ionization front.
Structural role of tyrosine in <i>Bombyx mori</i> silk fibroin, studied by solid‐state NMR and molecular mechanics on a model peptide prepared as silk I and II (2004)

The influence of the bulky and H-bonding Tyr side-chain on its Ala- and Gly-rich environment in Bombyx mori silk fibroin was examined by (13)C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS), static (2)H and (19)F NMR and molecular mechanics calculations. Model peptides of the type (AG)(15) were synthesized with Tyr in a number of different positions, precipitated under conditions favoring either of the two characteristic protein conformations, and the resulting structures were assigned from their (13)C chemical shifts. Dialysis of native fibroin or the simple (AG)(15) peptide from a 9 M LiBr solution against water produces silk I (the structure of silk before spinning), whereas drying from formic acid yields silk II (fibrous structure after spinning). We found that the introduction one or more Tyr into (AG)(15) can have a dramatic effect not only on the local backbone conformation but also on the long-range intermolecular chain packing in the samples. The antiparallel beta-sheet conformation of silk II is able readily to accommodate a single Tyr residue. Interestingly, the beta-turn conformation of silk I only remains stable when Tyr is positioned near the chain terminus in (AG)(12)YG(AG)(2), but the conformation is driven towards silk II when Tyr is located in the central region of (AG)(7)YG(AG)(7). The role of H-bonding was tested by replacing Tyr with Phe or 4F-Phe, which are no longer compatible with silk I and fully induced a silk II conformation. In the presence of several Tyr residues a mixture of distorted beta-sheet and beta-turn conformations was obtained, regardless of the precipitation conditions. Static (2)H NMR of ring-deuterated [3',5'-(2)H(2)]Tyr located in the central region of (AG)(7)YG(AG)(7) showed that the side-chain is immobilized in both silk I and II, which was also observed by static (19)F NMR of the 4F-Phe analogue. To visualize the local packing around the Tyr side-chain, molecular mechanics calculations were performed on a mixture of (AG)(4) and AGAGYGAG, starting from either the beta-turn type II or the antiparallel beta-sheet structure. The resulting structures show that the intermolecular chain arrangement is significantly affected by Tyr, thus explaining the long-range packing effects in the semi-crystalline regions of silk fibers compared with the crystalline regions that are devoid of Tyr.
Generating whole body motions for a biped humanoid robot from captured human dances (2004)

The goal of this study is a system for a robot to imitate human dances. This paper describes the process to generate whole body motions which can be performed by an actual biped humanoid robot. Human dance motions are acquired through a motion capturing system. We then extract symbolic representation which is made up of primitive motions: essential postures in arm motions and step primitives in leg motions. A joint angle sequence of the robot is generated according to these primitive motions. Then joint angles are modified to satisfy mechanical constraints of the robot. For balance control, the waist trajectory is moved to acquire dynamics consistency based on desired ZMP. The generated motion is tested on OpenHRP dynamics simulator. In our test, the Japanese folk dance, 'Jongara-bushi', was successfully performed by HRP-1S.
Parameter compensation of permanent magnet synchronous machines through airgap power feedback (2002)

Torque and speed controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives suffer from parameter sensitivity effects. These effects are dominant in the torque controlled PMSM drives and are also noticed in torque limited speed controlled PMSM drives. A parameter compensation scheme using airgap power feedback control is proposed in this paper. The fact that the airgap power is easy to predict and to measure and is accurately reflective of the effects of stator resistance, q axis inductance and rotor flux linkage changes: is the reason to use this signal for parameter compensation. The proposed scheme is incorporated in the dynamic model of the PMSM drive and verified for both the torque and speed controlled modes of operation. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed technique.
High-rate wireless personal area networks (2001)

This article presents an overview of high-rate wireless personal area networks, its targeted applications, and a technical overview of medium access control and physical layers, and system performance. The high-rate WPANs operate in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band at data rates up to 55 Mb/s that are commensurate with distribution of high-definition video and high-fidelity audio. An industry effort to create a MAC and PHY layer standard specification for high-rate WPANs has been ongoing in the IEEE 802.15.3 High Rate WPAN Task Group.
Star‐shaped polymers by Ru(II)‐catalyzed living radical polymerization. II. Effective reaction conditions and characterization by multi‐angle laser light scattering/size exclusion chromatography and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (2002)

Abstract Star poly(methyl methacrylate)s (P*) of various arm lengths and core sizes were synthesized in high yields by the polymer linking reaction in Ru(II)‐catalyzed living radical polymerization. The yields of the star polymers were strongly dependent on the reaction conditions and increased under the following conditions: (1) at a higher overall concentration of arm chains ([P*]), (2) with a larger degree of polymerization (DP) of the arm chains (arm length), and (3) with a larger ratio ( r ) of linking agents to P* (core size). In particular, the yields sharply increased in a short time at a higher temperature, in a polar solution, and at a higher complex concentration after the addition of linking agents. These star polymers were then analyzed by multi‐angle laser light scattering to determine the weight‐average molecular weight (3.8 × 10 3 to 1.5 × 10 6 ), the number of arm chains per molecule ( f = 4–63), and the radius of gyration ( R z = 2–22 nm), which also depended on the reaction conditions (e.g., f and R z increased as [P*], DP, and r increased). Small‐angle X‐ray scattering analyses of the star polymers showed that they consisted of spheres for which the radius of the microgel core was 2.7 nm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2245–2255, 2002
Strongly Correlated Photon Transport in Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics with Weakly Coupled Emitters (2018)

We show that strongly correlated photon transport can be observed in waveguides containing optically dense ensembles of emitters. Remarkably, this occurs even for weak coupling efficiencies. Specifically, we compute the photon transport properties through a chirally coupled system of N two-level systems driven by a weak coherent field, where each emitter can also scatter photons out of the waveguide. The photon correlations arise due to an interplay of nonlinearity and coupling to a loss reservoir, which creates a strong effective interaction between transmitted photons. The highly correlated photon states are less susceptible to losses than uncorrelated photons and have a power-law decay with N. This is described using a simple universal asymptotic solution governed by a single scaling parameter which describes photon bunching and power transmission. We show numerically that, for randomly placed emitters, these results hold even in systems without chirality. The effect can be observed in existing tapered fiber setups with trapped atoms.
Enhancing Sink-Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks through <i>k</i>-Anonymity (2012)

Due to the shared nature of wireless communication media, a powerful adversary can eavesdrop on the entire radio communication in the network and obtain the contextual communication statistics, for example, traffic volumes, transmitter locations, and so forth. Such information can reveal the location of the sink around which the data traffic exhibits distinctive patterns. To protect the sink-location privacy from a powerful adversary with a global view, we propose to achieve k-anonymity in the network so that at least k entities in the network are indistinguishable to the nodes around the sink with regard to communication statistics. Arranging the location of k entities is complex as it affects two conflicting goals: the routing energy cost and the achievable privacy level, and both goals are determined by a nonanalytic function. We model such a positioning problem as a nonlinearly constrained nonlinear optimization problem. To tackle it, we design a generic-algorithm-based quasi-optimal (GAQO) method that obtains quasi-optimal solutions at quadratic time. The obtained solutions closely approximate the optima with increasing privacy requirements. Furthermore, to solve k-anonymity sink-location problems more efficiently, we develop an artificial potential-based quasi-optimal (APQO) method that is of linear time complexity. Our extensive simulation results show that both algorithms can effectively find solutions hiding the sink among a large number of network nodes.
Inhibition of Posterior Capsule Opacification by a Capsular Adhesion–Preventing Ring (2009)

A CAPR may be useful for preventing PCO in the clinical setting.
The Research on Trust Model of Internetware Based on Fuzzy Logic (2012)

Abstract The reliable and efficient software entities are selected to be involved in the coordination of internetware by use of the trust evaluation technology, which is consistent with the characteristics of openness and dynamics of internetware. It is also the hotspot in the research on the security of internetware. In the paper, the advantage and shortage of existing trust models at home and abroad are analyzed in the application of internetware, and a trust model appropriated to the internetware is also presented. The model is based on the theory of fuzzy logic, and meets the characteristics of subjectivity and fuzziness of trust.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor in the Vitreous Fluid of Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (2004)

e read with interest the article by Aso et al. (1) showing greater plasma concentrations of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in type 2 diabetic patients compared with matched control subjects. While the authors found no significant associations between fasting levels of IL-18 and homeostasis model assessment, a measure of insulin resistance, they found associations between IL-18 and C-reactive protein concentrations. Moreover, carotid intima-media thickness, a validated surrogate measure of atherosclerosis, was greater in diabetic patients with high IL-18 than in those with normal IL-18. As a whole, these data add to the mounting evidence that diabetes may be regarded as a chronic lowgrade inflammatory state.
ESCAP: Towards the Design of an AI Architecture for a Virtual Counselor to Tackle Students' Exam Stress (2012)

Exam stress is a common predicament faced by students of all age groups and cultures. Unfortunately, it has neither created much consternation in the society nor attracted much interest for serious research, perhaps due to its impulsive causal nature that disappears almost instantly after the exams are over. Stress in optimal level can stimulate students to achieve their personal best in their exams. However, one of the greatest threats to the well-being of students arises due to the fallout of excessive stress, which, if not addressed timely may not only lead to failure in exams, but result in serious debilitating consequences including insomnia, depression and even suicide. Our research aims to design a human computer interaction (HCI) interface using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for modeling a virtual exam-stress counsellor ESCAP, an embodied conversational agent with facial animation, advice and intelligence of a professional psychologist to support undergraduate students in managing their exam stress.
New concepts in radiation‐induced apoptosis: ‘premitotic apoptosis’ and ‘postmitotic apoptosis’ (2001)

Formerly, the mechanisms responsible for the killing of cells by ionizing radiation were regarded as being divided into two distinct forms, interphase death and reproductive death. Since they were defined based on the classical radiobiological concepts using a clonogenic cell survival assay, biochemical and molecular biological mechanisms involved in the induction of radiation-induced cell death were not fully understood in relation to the modes of cell death. Recent multidisciplinary approaches to cell death mechanism have revealed that radiation-induced cell death is divided into several distinct pathways by the time course and cell-cycle position, and that apoptotic cell death plays a key role in almost every mode of cell death. This review discusses the mechanisms of radiation-induced apoptosis in relation to cell-cycle progression and highlights a new concept of the mode of cell death: 'premitotic apoptosis' and 'postmitotic apoptosis'. The former is a rapid apoptotic cell death associated with a prompt activation of caspase-3, a key enzyme of intracellular signaling of apoptosis. A rapid execution of cell killing in premitotic apoptosis is presumably due to the prompt activation of a set of pre-existed molecules following DNA damages. In contrast, the latter is a delayed apoptotic cell death after cell division, and unlike premitotic apoptosis, it neither requires a rapid activation of caspase-3 nor is inhibited by a specific inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO. A downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes such as MAPK and Bcl-2 may play a key role in this mode of cell death. Characterization of these two types of apoptotic cell death regarding the cell cycle regulation and intracellular signaling will greatly help to understand the mechanisms of radiation-induced apoptosis.
Induction of Potent CD8 <sup>+</sup> T-Cell Responses by Novel Biodegradable Nanoparticles Carrying Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 (2007)

The mainstream of recent anti-AIDS vaccines is a prime/boost approach with multiple doses of the target DNA of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and recombinant viral vectors. In this study, we have attempted to construct an efficient protein-based vaccine using biodegradable poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA) nanoparticles (NPs), which are capable of inducing potent cellular immunity. A significant expansion of CD8+ T cells specific to the major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted gp120 epitope was observed in mice intranasally immunized once with gp120-carrying NPs but not with gp120 alone or gp120 together with the B-subunit of cholera toxin. Both the gp120-encapsulating and -immobilizing forms of NPs could induce antigen-specific spleen CD8+ T cells having a functional profile of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Long-lived memory CD8+ T cells could also be elicited. Although a substantial decay in the effector memory T cells was observed over time in the immunized mice, the central memory T cells remained relatively constant from day 30 to day 238 after immunization. Furthermore, the memory CD8+ T cells rapidly expanded with boosting with the same immunogen. In addition, gamma-PGA NPs were found to be a much stronger inducer of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses than nonbiodegradable polystyrene NPs. Thus, gamma-PGA NPs carrying various HIV-1 antigens may have great potential as a novel priming and/or boosting tool in current vaccination regimens for the induction of cellular immune responses.
Early weight loss while on lorcaserin, diet and exercise as a predictor of week 52 weight‐loss outcomes (2014)

≥5% weight loss by W12 predicts robust response to lorcaserin at 1 year.
QoE and throughput aware radio resource allocation algorithm in LTE network with users using different applications (2016)

Recently, multimedia communication by smart-phones and tablets via mobile networks have become popular in daily life. Therefore, an effective method to use the limited wireless resources is necessary. When using wireless resources among multiple users, the schedulers allocate resources to each user. When allocating resources, assuring quality of experience (QoE) and achieving high system throughput are fundamental. In this paper, we present a two-step radio resource allocation algorithm for the downlink of a long term evolution (LTE) network, by taking into account the user's and the service provider's perspective. At the first step, it allocates resources dynamically to each user so that a minimum QoE is guaranteed for every user. In the second step, it allocates resources dynamically to improve the system throughput while achieving a high-level of QoE. We show that our proposed algorithm achieves a higher level of QoE than the conventional allocation algorithms based on quality of service (QoS) metrics, as well as a higher throughput compared to the conventional allocation algorithms based on QoE.
A review of FRP composite truss systems and its connection (2013)

This paper presents an overview of the recent developments and initiatives on FRP trusses, which has been evolving and has become a viable construction system in civil infrastructure. The paper also discusses the different jointing systems used to assemble FRP components with the aim of determining the appropriate and reliable jointing connections for fibre composites trusses. The different parameters that affect the integrity of connections such as loading condition, material preparation (stacking sequence, volume fraction, etc.), joint configuration, joint geometry, and fastening method will be evaluated. It is anticipated that by addressing these connection issues, it will minimise some ambiguities and provide an understanding to designers and engineers on the potential of fibre composites trusses and advance its application in civil engineering infrastructures.
Brownian ratchets in physics and biology (1997)

Thirty years ago Feynman et al. presented a paradox in the Lectures on Physics: an imagined device could let Brownian motion do work by allowing it in one direction and blocking it in the opposite direction. In the chapter Feynman et al. eventually show that such ratcheting can only be achieved if there is, in compliance with the basic conservation laws, some energy input from an external source. Now that technology is going into ever smaller dimensions, ratcheting Brownian motion seems to be a real possibility in nanotechnological applications. Furthermore, Brownian motion plays an essential role in the action of motor proteins (individual molecules that convert chemical energy into motion).
Effect of vitamin K intake on the stability of oral anticoagulant treatment: dose-response relationships in healthy subjects (2004)

Oral anticoagulants exert their effect by blocking the utilization of vitamin K, yet little is known about competitive aspects of their interaction with dietary vitamin K. We carried out systematic dose-response studies in healthy volunteers who had been stably anticoagulated and maintained on their individualized doses for 13 weeks. First, we studied the response to weekly incremental doses (50 microg-500 microg) of vitamin K(1) supplements (K(1)) taken daily for 7 days. The threshold K(1) dose causing a statistically significant lowering of the INR was 150 microg/day. In 25% of the participants the INR change was regarded as clinically relevant at a vitamin K intake of 150 microg/day. Circulating undercarboxylated osteocalcin did not decrease until 300 microg K(1)/day compared with 100 microg K(1)/day for undercarboxylated FII, suggesting differential antidotal effects on bone and hepatic gamma-carboxylation. Next, we tested the response to vitamin K-rich food items. The short-lived response after meals of spinach and broccoli suggested an inefficient bioavailability from these 2 sources. We conclude that short-term variability in intake of K(1) is less important to fluctuations in the international normalized ratio (INR) than has been commonly assumed and that food supplements providing 100 microg/day of vitamin K(1) do not significantly interfere with oral anticoagulant therapy.