gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Post hoc analysis of a randomized trial of azithromycin in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after Lung transplantation (BOS); Lung function and survival (2017)

Azithromycin stabilizes and improves lung function in lung transplantation patients with BOS. In this study we assessed the long term effect on the evolution of lung function and survival in patients initially randomized to placebo or azithromycin. Forty-eight patients were recruited between November 2006 and December 2010 from the Freeman Hospital Newcastle UK for the randomized placebo controlled trial. After 3 months all patients received open label Azithromycin and were followed with lung function (FEV1) until 6 years after inclusion. Survival was assessed by Kaplan Meijer, Wilcoxon rank-test. Follow-up data from 45 patients was available for analysis, 22 had initially received Azithromycin (treatment) and 23 placebo with 4 patients receiving rescue Azithromycin because of rapid decline. The initial decline in FEV1 seen in the placebo group improved after open label Azithromycin and was comparable to the treatment group by 6 months ( median FEV1+/- SE 70%±4 vs72%±5). FEV1 decreased in both groups (67%±4 and 57%±7 vs 72%±5 and 59%%±5 NS) after 1 and 5 years. Median survival in the total group was 6 years from the start of the study. Survival of treatment group was not different from placebo log-rank test p = 0.28. In the open label period survival of patients with early BOS (< median = 2.55 year) was not different than late onset of BOS. log-rank test p = 0.74. Azithromycin stabilizes lung function in patients with BOS and importantly long term survival was not affected by randomization to the placebo group. Survival was not different between early or late onset of BOS and was better than many previously reported series.
Expression of lysosomal cathepsin B during calf myoblast-myotube differentiation. Characterization of a cDNA encoding bovine cathepsin B (1991)

Expression of lysosomal cysteine proteinases was studied during fetal calf myoblast-myotube differentiation. Activities of cathepsin B and L, but not cathepsin H, increase during bovine myogenic differentiation. In fetal muscle, cathepsin B and L activities are 2-4-fold orders of magnitude lower than in cultured myoblasts. Active-site titrations of cathepsin B with E-64 nevertheless reveal similar concentrations of active cathepsin B in myoblasts and myotubes, but 5-6-fold lower concentrations in fetal muscle. To specify whether concentrations of cathepsin B are related to levels of cathepsin B transcript, a cDNA clone encoding bovine cathepsin B was isolated and liquid hybridizations were performed with 32P-riboprobes complementary to the mRNA. In agreement with active-site titrations, there is no difference in cathepsin B mRNA levels between cultured myoblasts and myotubes, but lower levels of mRNA are found in fetal muscle. Concentrations of active cathepsin B therefore reflect levels of cathepsin B mRNA. Kinetic studies revealed that the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of cathepsin B is 2-3-fold higher in myotubes than in myoblasts. The increase in cathepsin B activity during calf myoblast-myotube differentiation is thus due to modifications of enzymatic properties, and not of enzyme concentrations. The different catalytic efficiency of cathepsin B in myotubes and myoblasts was related neither to modifications of mRNA size, as revealed by Northern blot analysis, nor to a different Mr of the active enzyme, as revealed by affinity labeling with benzyloxycarbonyl-Tyr(-125I)-Ala-CHN2, but to limited differences in cathepsin B isozymes.
Homing of lymphocytes into islets of Langerhans in prediabetic non-obese diabetic mice is not restricted to autoreactive T cells (1995)

Non-obese diabetic mice spontaneously develop a type 1 diabetes. The entry of leukocytes in the islets of Langerhans was studied in untreated and in irradiated mice. FITC-labeled cells from spleen, lymph nodes or bone marrow of healthy or diabetic donors did home to the inflamed islets of unmanipulated recipients. B and T cells migrated equally well, whereas rare neutrophils entered the islets. Lymphocyte homing was blocked by anti-L-selectin and anti-alpha 4 integrin antibodies. Insulitis transfer experiments using mice congenic at the Thy-1 locus showed that anti-alpha 4 integrin treatment totally inhibited the migration of donor type T cells in the islets, whereas anti-L-selectin only had an early and transient effect. The expression of vascular addressins in the islets was linked to the presence of mononuclear cells. Thus, in the developing islet infiltrate, the entry of cells appears continuous and restricted to lymphocytes, whether autoreactive or not, and involves the L-selectin. This mechanism rather promotes the migration of naive-type cells. Conversely, during the adoptive transfer of insulitis the entry of L-selectin- diabetogenic T cells is highly favored, to the detriment of L-selectin+ naive type cells.
Antibodies to melanocytes. Occurrence in patients with vitiligo and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (1981)

• The prevalence of antibodies to melanocytes was determined by an immunofluorescence complement fixation technique in 294 patients with vitiligo, other pigmentary disorders, and unrelated dermatoses. Antimelanocyte antibodies were present in the sera of five (29%) of 17 patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Only two of the five patients with antibodies had vitiligo. No antibodies to melanocytes were found in the sera of 31 patients with common vitiligo or of 38 patients with vitiligo associated with autoimmune diseases or melanoma. Nor were antibodies to melanocytes found in 129 patients with other diseases of pigment-producing cells or in a control group of 79 patients with nonpigmentary dermatoses. These results suggest that complement fixing antibodies to melanocytes are associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis but are not involved in the pathogenesis of common vitiligo. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1981;117:705-708)
The Role of Metallacycles in the Chromium-Catalyzed Trimerization of Ethylene (1997)

η5-Cyclopentadienyl-stabilized metallacyclopentane and -cycloheptane derivatives of chromium have been isolated, and their chemical behavior lends support to a metallacyclic mechanism for the Cr-catalyzed selective trimerization of ethylene to 1-hexene. In the presence of MAO, the amino-substituted cyclopentadienyl−chromium derivatives show a remarkable activity for the catalytic polymerization of ethylene.
Design of diagonal algebraic space time codes with 8-star- psk signals (2004)

Diagonal algebraic space time (DAST) block codes was proved to outperform the codes from orthogonal design with the equivalent spectral efficiency when the number of transmit antennas employed is larger than 2. However, due to the limitation on the signal constellation with complex integer points, no 3 bits/symbol DAST block code was studied previously. In this paper, we propose a general form of an 8-star-PSK constellations with integer points and present some theoretical results on the performance of the equivalent 8-star-PSK modulations. By using our proposed 8-star-PSKs, we present a search algorithm to construct optimal DAST codes with 3 bits per symbol under some criteria and investigate their performance over flat Rayleigh fading channels.
The Grandfather-Grandson Relationship in Hong Kong (2007)

This article presents a case study of a grandfather-grandson relationship observed in the course of family counseling conducted by a nurse in Hong Kong. It describes the skills needed to encourage both clients to speak honestly and openly. A grandfather-grandson relationship is commonly found in Chinese families when three generations live together and is a means of taking care of a grandson. Much literature encourages giving voice to male clients in counseling with sensitivity toward gender issues, but little is said about the importance of understanding the grandfather-grandson relationship. The case-study format was chosen to provide in-depth data on the grandfathergrandson relationship. Content analysis of videotapes of four family counseling sessions was carried out. The case illustrates the importance of avoiding stereotyping and suggests when grandfathers should step in or out of caring for a grandson. Although the methodology is limited by lack of generalizability, new insights into the family counseling process involving men were gained.
Major histocompatibility complex non-restricted presentation to CD4+ T lymphocytes of Mycobacterium leprae heat-shock protein 65 antigen by macrophages transfected with the mycobacterial gene. (1993)

When the immunodominant 65,000 MW heat-shock protein of Mycobacterium leprae (ML65hsp) was expressed from the transfected mycobacterial gene in the mouse macrophage cell line J774.G8, the antigen was recognized by specifically sensitized CD4+ splenocytes in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD4. Inhibition by monensin, leupeptin and chloroquine but not brefeldin A indicated dependence of presentation upon endosomal antigen processing. Although direct access of the endogenously synthesized antigen to the endosomal pathway of presentation, without extracellular release followed by endocytosis, could not be discounted, antigen was present in supernatants of the transfected cells in a form that could be presented by fixed macrophages and a form that required further processing for presentation. Each of three monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for widely separated linear amino acid epitopes of the antigen strongly inhibited recognition, suggesting steric interference with antigen-presenting cell (APC)-T cell interaction. Tests with splenocytes from vaccinated congenic mice indicated that recognition was not restricted by MHC haplotype. The significance and mechanism of this apparent MHC context-independent interaction of the presented antigen with specific T-cell receptor (TcR) remain to be explored.
Enzymatic activities of mouse nerve growth factor and its subunits. (1968)

Trhe nerve growth factor (NGF), discovered by Levi
Railway Point-Operating Machine Fault Detection Using Unlabeled Signaling Sensor Data (2020)

In this study, we propose a methodology for the identification of potential fault occurrences of railway point-operating machines, using unlabeled signal sensor data. Data supplied by Network Rail, UK, is processed using a fast Fourier transform signal processing approach, coupled with the mean and max current levels to identify potential faults in point-operating machines. The method developed can dynamically adapt to the behavioral characteristics of individual point-operating machines, thereby providing bespoke condition monitoring capabilities in situ and in real time. The work described in this paper is not unique to railway point-operating machines, rather the data pre-processing and methodology is readily applicable to any motorized device fitted with current sensing capabilities. The novelty of our approach is that it does not require pre-labelled data with historical fault occurrences and therefore closely resembles problems of the real world, with application for smart city infrastructure. Lastly, we demonstrate the problems faced with handling such data and the capability of our methodology to dynamically adapt to diverse data presentations.
Detection of the eye blinks for human's fatigue monitoring (2012)

This paper presents a non-intrusive vision based system for eye blinks detection and fatigue level monitoring. It uses a web camera positioned in front of the face. A cascade of boosted classifiers based on Haar-like features is used for fast detection of the eyes region. The frames differencing in combination with the thresholding are applied to detect the eyes closure and opening. The frame processing algorithm is pointed out in order to distinguish the involuntary blinks from the voluntary ones. Experimental tests are shown that validate the proposed system.
Chemical durability and microhardness of dental ceramics immersed in acidic agents (2009)

The acidic agents used in this study affected the microhardness and elemental dissolution of ceramics. The main elemental compositions of ceramics (silicon, aluminium and potassium) decreased after being immersed in acidic agents.
Complementation of African cassava mosaic virus AC2 gene function in a mixed bipartite geminivirus infection (1995)

We have previously demonstrated that African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) DNAs A and B efficiently complement the systemic spread of tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) DNA A when co-agroinoculated onto Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, we show that a mixture of an ACMV DNA A AC2 mutant and DNA B that is normally unable to systemically infect N. benthamiana can do so at low frequency when co-agroinoculated with TGMV DNA A. Analysis of viral DNA showed that the AC2 mutation was retained during infection. The mixture of genomic components was sap transmissible, indicating that systemic infectivity is not specifically attributable to the use of agroinoculation. In the presence of TGMV DNA A, ACMV coat protein as well as the DNA B gene products BV1 and BC1 were detected in systemically infected tissues. The results demonstrate that dysfunctional AC2 can be complemented in planta by its TGMV homologue AL2.
Role of blood‐brain barrier P‐glycoprotein in limiting brain accumulation and sedative side‐effects of asimadoline, a peripherally acting analgaesic drug (1999)

Studies with knockout mice lacking mdr1a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) have previously shown that blood-brain barrier P-gp is important in preventing the accumulation of several drugs in the brain. Asimadoline (EMD 61753) is a peripherally selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist which is under development as a therapeutic analgaesic. From the structural characteristics of this drug and its peripheral selectivity, we hypothesized that it is transported by P-gp. Using a pig-kidney polarized epithelial cell line transfected with mdr cDNAs, we demonstrate that asimadoline is transported by the mouse mdr1a P-gp and the human MDR1 P-gp. Furthermore, we show that in mdr1a/1b double knockout mice, the absence of P-gp leads to a 9 fold increased accumulation of asimadoline in the brain. In line with this accumulation difference, mdr1a/1b (-/-) mice are at least 8 fold more sensitive to the sedative effect of asimadoline than wild-type mice. Interestingly, the oral uptake of asimadoline was not substantially altered in mdr1a/1b (-/-) mice. Our results demonstrate that for some drugs, P-gp in the blood-brain barrier can have a therapeutically beneficial effect by limiting brain penetration, whereas at the same time intestinal P-gp is not a significant impediment to oral uptake of the drug.
ras gene mutations in salivary gland tumors. (2000)

Our data suggest that K-ras gene alteration is probably not an important factor in the oncogenesis of human salivary gland tumors. However, mutational activation of the H-ras gene appears to play a role in the development and/or progression of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinomas.
[Effects of O-(4-ethoxyl-butyl)-berbamine on isolated frog hearts]. (1998)

The positive inotropic action of EBB was, at least partially, via promoting the inward current of [Ca2+]o, rather than increasing the intracellular Ca2+ release.
THE STRUCTURE OF CHYMOSTATIN, A CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITOR (1973)

Chymostatin, a chymotrypsin inhibitor, was shown to be a mixture of components A, B and C. The structure of component A as determined to be N-[((S)-1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl)-carbamoyl]-α-[2-iminohexahydro-4(S)-pyrimidyl]-L-glycyl-L-leucyl-phenylalaninal. Components B and C differed only in that the L-leucyl residue was replaced by L-valine and L-isoleucine, respectively.
Antigen‐dependent suppression of alloresponses by <i>Foxp3‐</i> induced regulatory T cells in transplantation (2005)

Adoptive transfer of polyclonal CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) can tolerize transplantation alloresponses. Treg are activated via their specific TCR, but the antigen specificity of wild-type Treg remains elusive, and therefore controlling potency and duration of Treg activity in the transplantation setting is still not feasible. In this study, we used murine graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as a model system to show that antigen-specific Treg suppress the response of T effector cells to alloantigens in vitro and prevent GVHD in vivo. The suppressive potential of antigen-specific Treg was much greater than that of polyclonal Treg. To acquire large numbers of antigen-specific Treg, we transduced CD4+CD25- cells with foxp3, and found that these foxp3-induced Treg suppress alloresponses in vitro and prevent GVHD in vivo as effectively as naturally derived CD4+CD25+ Treg. Furthermore, we used an antigen-specific CD4 Th1 clone as a source of foxp3-induced Treg after transduction with foxp3, and found those Treg to effectively prevent GVHD in an antigen-dependent manner. The findings of this study provide a basis for the concept that the onset and potency of the suppression by Treg can be regulated, and suggest a novel approach to enhance the feasibility and effectiveness of inducing tolerance by Treg as an adoptive immunotherapy in transplantation.
Dermatological and environmental toxicological impact of the sunscreen ingredient oxybenzone/benzophenone‐3 (2017)

Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3) is an emerging human and environmental contaminant used in sunscreens and personal care products to help minimize the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation. The Center for Disease Control fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals demonstrated that approximately 97% of the people tested have oxybenzone present in their urine, and independent scientists have reported various concentrations in waterways and fish worldwide. Oxybenzone can also react with chlorine, producing hazardous by-products that can concentrate in swimming pools and wastewater treatment plants. Moreover, adverse reactions could very well be increased by the closed loop of ingesting fish contaminated with oxybenzone and/or washing the ingredient off our bodies and having it return in drinking water as treatment plants do not effectively remove the chemical as part of their processing protocols. In humans, oxybenzone has been reported to produce contact and photocontact allergy reactions, implemented as a possible endocrine disruptor and has been linked to Hirschsprung's disease. Environmentally, oxybenzone has been shown to produce a variety of toxic reactions in coral and fish ranging from reef bleaching to mortality. Lastly, with the rise in skin cancer rates and the availability of more effective sunscreen actives such as micronized zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, serious doubts about the relative prevention benefit of personal care products containing oxybenzone must be raised and compared with the potential negative health and environmental effects caused by the accumulation of this and other chemicals in the ecosystem.
Role of Physical Activity and Diet After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis (2015)

This review summarizes the evidence regarding physical activity and diet after colorectal cancer diagnosis in relation to quality of life, disease recurrence, and survival. There have been extensive reports on adiposity, inactivity, and certain diets, particularly those high in red and processed meats, and increased risk of colorectal cancer. Only in the past decade have data emerged on how such lifestyle factors are associated with outcomes in colorectal cancer survivors. Prospective observational studies have consistently reported that physical activity after colorectal cancer diagnosis reduces mortality. A meta-analysis estimated that each 15 metabolic equivalent task-hour per week increase in physical activity after colorectal cancer diagnosis was associated with a 38% lower risk of mortality. No randomized controlled trials have been completed to confirm that physical activity lowers risk of mortality among colorectal cancer survivors; however, trials have shown that physical activity, including structured exercise, is safe for colorectal cancer survivors (localized to metastatic stage, during and after treatment) and improves cardiorespiratory fitness and physical function. In addition, prospective observational studies have suggested that a Western dietary pattern, high carbohydrate intake, and consuming sugar-sweetened beverages after diagnosis may increase risk of colorectal cancer recurrence and mortality, but these data are limited to single analyses from one of two US cohorts. Additional data from prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are needed. Nonetheless, on the basis of the available evidence, it is reasonable to counsel colorectal cancer survivors to engage in regular physical activity and limit consumption of refined carbohydrates, red and processed meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages.
Fully Recyclable Multi-Material Printing (2009)

Recycling is often a costly and inefficient process, particularly for objects composed of multiple integrated materials. Here, we demonstrate a freeform fabrication system that prints with fully reusable physical voxels and minimal recycling effort. This new paradigm of digital (discrete) matter enables any number of materials to be printed together in any configuration. The individual voxels may then be reclaimed at will by dissolving the bonds holding the structure together. Coupled with a compatible voxel sorting process, we demonstrate multiple generations of freeform fabricated objects using the same physical material. This opens the door to a flexible desktop fabrication process in which 3D multi-material objects are fully recyclable and re-usable with minimal infrastructure.
[Insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome]. (1992)

The causes and consequences of the insulin resistance that accompanies the polycystic ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are still controversial. The hyperandrogenism does not appear any more as a causal factor but on the contrary is likely to be a consequence, via the ovarian effects of hyperinsulinism. These are still not clearly understood in their molecular aspects, but their reality is undoubtful in view of some clinical studies which showed an improvement following by the reduction of hyperinsulinism. Therefore, the aetiopathogenic role of the insulin resistance in PCOS becomes more and more obvious but it cannot be split from the likely implication of the intra-ovarian growth factors, and more especially the IGF 1 which could act synergistically with it. Moreover, the presence of LH seems to be still a pre-requisite to the ovarian action of insulin. The therapeutical incidences of these hypothesis are obvious and should improve in the next future the medical management of PCOS.
Assessment of different techniques for 3D superimposition of serial digital maxillary dental casts on palatal structures (2017)

Serial 3-dimensional dental model superimposition provides a risk-free, detailed evaluation of morphological alterations on a patient's mouth. Here, we evaluated accuracy and precision of five palatal areas, used for superimposition of maxillary 3D digital dental casts. Sixteen pre- and post-orthodontic treatment dental casts of growing patients (median time lapse: 15.1 months) were superimposed on each palatal area using the iterative closest point algorithm. Area A (medial 2/3 of the third rugae and a small area dorsal to them) was considered the gold standard, due to high anatomical stability. Areas B, C, and D added a distal extension along the midpalatal raphe, an anterior extension to the second rugae, and the remaining palatal surface, respectively. Area E was similar to A, located more posteriorly. Non parametric multivariate models showed minimal or no effect on accuracy and precision by operator, time point, or software settings. However, the choice of superimposition area resulted in statistically significant differences in accuracy and clinically significant differences in detected tooth movement (95% limits of agreement exceeding 1 mm and 3°). Superimposition on area A provided accurate, reproducible, and precise results. Outcomes were comparable for area B, but deteriorated when alternative areas were used.