gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Ser40 by Protein Kinase C in Response to Antioxidants Leads to the Release of Nrf2 from INrf2, but Is Not Required for Nrf2 Stabilization/Accumulation in the Nucleus and Transcriptional Activation of Antioxidant Response Element-mediated NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase-1 Gene Expression (2003)

The antioxidant response element (ARE) and transcription factor Nrf2 regulate basal expression and antioxidant induction of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and other detoxifying genes. Under normal conditions, Nrf2 is targeted for proteasomal degradation by INrf2. Oxidative stress causes release of Nrf2 from INrf2. Nrf2 translocates to the nucleus, binds to the ARE, and activates gene expression. In this study, we demonstrate that protein kinase C (PKC) plays a significant role in the regulation of ARE-mediated NQO1 gene expression and induction in response to t-butylhydroquinone. Treatment of HepG2 cells with the PKC inhibitors staurosporine and calphostin C repressed ARE-mediated induction of a luciferase reporter as well as that of the endogenous NQO1 gene. Similar experiments with inhibitors of MEK/ERK, p38, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and tyrosine kinases failed to repress ARE-mediated gene expression. The PKC inhibitor staurosporine blocked the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, suggesting that Nrf2 might be the target for PKC regulation. A Prosite search revealed the presence of seven putative PKC sites in mouse Nrf2. The PKC site at Ser40 is conserved among species and lies in the Neh2 domain, which interacts with INrf2. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of Ser40 is necessary for Nrf2 release from INrf2, but is not required for Nrf2 stabilization/accumulation in the nucleus and transcriptional activation of ARE-mediated NQO1 gene expression. A peptide that competes with endogenous Nrf2 for INrf2 binding was able to induce ARE activity more effectively than t-butylhydroquinone, and Nrf2 that accumulated in the nucleus as a result was not phosphorylated.
Performance of HEVC discrete cosine and sine transforms on GPU using CUDA (2017)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the most recent video encoding standard that achieves much higher compression while maintaining the same quality as its predecessor x264. This is done by a variety of upgrades for example a more diverse transform block size while some fundamental methods remain unchanged. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) along with an alternate Discrete Sine Transform (DST) is used by HEVC before quantization to achieve a lossless encoding of transform blocks. Both of these transforms are implemented in HEVC encoder using CPU. In this paper we implement these transforms on GPU using CUDA and analyze their performance compared to the default implementation. Using a batched kernel call 48% and 13% improvement is achieved on Inverse 32×32 and 16×16 DCT transform respectively compared to SIMD while our GPU implementation outperforms other CPU implementations on every transform. We also present a benchmark software for this very purpose which we will use to measure their performance real time.
An analysis of two-dimensional pilot-symbol assisted modulation for OFDM (2002)

In this paper we analyze two-dimensional (2D) pilot-symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) for wireless orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). 2D-PSAM has been suggested for wireless OFDM by several authors and is included in a preliminary draft of the standard for European digital video broadcast. We generalize the analysis of single-carrier PSAM to the 2D time-frequency lattice of OFDM. We analyze 2D-PSAM for two different channel estimators: one with good performance and high complexity and one suboptimal with low complexity. We verify that a good rule of thumb is to place the pilots at least as twice as close, in time and frequency, as required by the 2D sampling theorem.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor for cardiovascular disorders (2000)

The tissue factor (TF) pathway of coagulation plays a decisive role for normal haemostasis as well as in the pathophysiology of various diseases. As endogenous inhibitor of TF-mediated coagulation, the Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an important factor in the regulation of haemostasis and the control of clotting activation. TFPI exerts its biological effects by the binding of Factor Xa (FXa) forming a TFPI/FXa complex which then, in a second step, binds to and effectively inhibits the TF/Factor VIIa (FVIIa) complex. Due to its mechanism of action TFPI causes strong anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects under experimental conditions. Furthermore, the inhibitor was shown to be a potent antiproliferative agent both in vitro and in vivo. Based on the pathogenetic role of TF and the TF/FVIIa complex and on the effectiveness of TFPI demonstrated in preclinical studies it is assumed that TFPI might become an important drug for various clinical indications, especially for the management of acute coronary syndromes such as unstable angina and myocardial infarction. The enhanced procoagulant activity in patients with ischaemic heart diseases as documented e.g., by increased plasma levels of TF, requires an effective inhibition of clotting activation either by physiologic mechanisms or by exogenous substances. To increase circulating plasma concentrations of free TFPI, recombinant TFPI could be administered in high doses either locally or systemically, or high amounts of TFPI could be released from vascular pools by interaction with other drugs such as heparin or low molecular weight heparin derivatives. Despite the limited data on the use of TFPI in specific clinical indications, it can be concluded that TFPI and similar compounds represent a new class of drugs with a remarkable developmental potential.
Whole saliva and the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome: an evaluation of patients who complain of dry mouth and dry eyes. Part 1: Screening tests (1996)

The findings suggested that whole saliva could be used to provisionally diagnose SS. Critical to this diagnosis was an abnormally low stimulated whole saliva flow rate. Other requisites included a low resting flow rate, the presence of dry mouth and dry eyes and evidence of lacrimal hypofunction. All of these attributes can easily be obtained by dentists in their clinics.
Melanoma adapts to RAF/MEK inhibitors through FOXD3-mediated upregulation of ERBB3 (2013)

The mechanisms underlying adaptive resistance of melanoma to targeted therapies remain unclear. By combining ChIP sequencing with microarray-based gene profiling, we determined that ERBB3 is upregulated by FOXD3, a transcription factor that promotes resistance to RAF inhibitors in melanoma. Enhanced ERBB3 signaling promoted resistance to RAF pathway inhibitors in cultured melanoma cell lines and in mouse xenograft models. ERBB3 signaling was dependent on ERBB2; targeting ERBB2 with lapatinib in combination with the RAF inhibitor PLX4720 reduced tumor burden and extended latency of tumor regrowth in vivo versus PLX4720 alone. These results suggest that enhanced ERBB3 signaling may serve as a mechanism of adaptive resistance to RAF and MEK inhibitors in melanoma and that cotargeting this pathway may enhance the clinical efficacy and extend the therapeutic duration of RAF inhibitors.
The Apoptotic Ligands TRAIL, TWEAK, and Fas Ligand Mediate Monocyte Death Induced by Autologous Lupus T Cells (2002)

Individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus show evidence of a significant increase in monocyte apoptosis. This process is mediated, at least in part, by an autoreactive T cell subset that kills autologous monocytes in the absence of nominal Ag. We have investigated the apoptotic pathways involved in this T cell-mediated process. Expression of the apoptotic ligands TRAIL, TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), and Fas ligand on lupus T cells was determined, and the role of these molecules in the monocyte apoptotic response was examined. We report that these apoptotic ligands mediate the autologous monocyte death induced by lupus T cells and that this cytotoxicity is associated with increased expression of these molecules on activated T cells, rather than with an increased susceptibility of lupus monocytes to apoptosis induced by these ligands. These results define novel mechanisms that contribute to increased monocyte apoptosis characterizing patients with lupus. We propose that this mechanism could provide a source of potentially antigenic material for the autoimmune response and interfere with normal clearing mechanisms.
Searching in audio (2006)

Searching audio data can potentially be facilitated by the use of automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology to generate text transcripts which can then be easily queried. However, since current ASR technology cannot reliably generate 100% accurate transcripts, additional techniques for fluid browsing and searching of the audio itself are required. We explore the impact of transcripts of various qualities, dichotic presentation, and time-compression on an audio search task. Results show that dichotic presentation and reasonably accurate transcripts can assist in the search process, but suggest that time-compression and low accuracy transcripts should be used carefully.
An outdoor UWB tracking system to improve safety of semi-autonomous vehicle operations (2010)

UWB positioning systems show promise in improving navigational capabilities and safety of operations for semi-autonomous systems that are emerging in applications such as construction and agricultural vehicles. This paper describes an outdoor UWB positioning system used to measure the position of tracks in a semi-autonomous truck convoy. The system improves safety by providing position the vehicles control system with accurate position measurements. A measurement campaign was conducted to collect experimental range errors in open, forested and urban channels at distances ranging from 2 m to 40 m. The range errors are characterised and a model for range errors is proposed. Position errors using the proposed model are compared to the experimental data. Performance analysis regarding accuracy and position update delay is presented.
Australian Federalism and Aboriginal Health (2006)

In this paper we explore the changing relationship between Aboriginal peoples and the Australian state within the context of Australian federalism. Our particular focus is on the relationship between the institutional organisation of Australian health systems and the equitable provision of health services to Aboriginal Australians. We examine the historical development of this relationship over three key periods. The period from Australian federation in 1901 to the 1967 referendum resulted in the deletion of race clauses from the Australian constitution. The Commonwealth&#039;s racialised constitutional and legislative framework created a structural basis for racial rationing. Incrementally, from 1967 to 1995, the Commonwealth developed a national Aboriginal health program but without a corresponding development of institutional links with national health financing and policy structures. Since 1995 there has been some success in the development of intergovernmental agreements in Aboriginal health (the Framework Agreements for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health) and a National Strategic Framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health which is linked to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health performance measurement framework. We argue that these developments provide a platform for the equitable provision of health services to Aboriginal Australians and we identify some of the key barriers to the realisation of this.
Effective Treatment of Experimental Uveitis with Interleukin-1 Blockers, CK 123 and CK 124 (1998)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers are known to inhibit IL-1-induced uveitis. CK 123 and CK 124 are new IL-1 blockers which showed potent anti-uveitis actions that are more potent than the classic corticosteroid, prednisolone. In addition to anti-inflammation, CK 123 and CK 124 were also found to inhibit proliferation of fibroblast-like corneal and conjunctival cells, indicating that these compounds could be used not only as anti-uveitis agents but also as useful agents to prolong the functional period of aqueous humor outflow after trabeculectomy. It was also found that DNA and mRNA synthesis were markedly inhibited by CK 123 and CK 124, yet the protein synthesis was either untouched or enhanced.
Effects of Brown Midrib 3 Mutation in Corn Silage on Dry Matter Intake and Productivity of High Yielding Dairy Cows (1999)

The effects of enhanced in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility of corn silage on dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were evaluated using 32 Holstein cows in a crossover design with 28-d periods. At the beginning of the experiment, cows were 89 d in milk and yielded 45.6 kg/d of milk. Experimental diets contained either brown midrib (bm3) corn silage or isogenic normal corn silage (control) at 44.6% of DM. The NDF digestibility estimated by 30-h in vitro fermentation was higher for bm3 corn silage by 9.7 units. Contents of NDF and lignin were lower for bm3 corn silage by 1.8 and 0.8 units, respectively. Diets were formulated to contain 19% crude protein and 31% NDF and to have a forage to concentrate ratio of 56:44. Daily DMI, milk yield (3.5% fat-corrected milk), and solids-corrected milk were 2.1, 2.6, and 2.7 kg higher, respectively, for cows fed bm3 corn silage. The milk protein and lactose contents were greater for bm3 treatment, but milk fat content was not. Individual milk yield responses of the cows to bm3 treatment were positively related to pretrial milk yield, and DMI response tended to be positively related to pretrial milk yield. Enhanced in vitro NDF digestibility was associated with higher energy intake, which resulted in increased milk yield.
Truthful incentives in crowdsourcing tasks using regret minimization mechanisms (2013)

What price should be offered to a worker for a task in an online labor market? How can one enable workers to express the amount they desire to receive for the task completion? Designing optimal pricing policies and determining the right monetary incentives is central to maximizing requester's utility and workers' profits. Yet, current crowdsourcing platforms only offer a limited capability to the requester in designing the pricing policies and often rules of thumb are used to price tasks. This limitation could result in inefficient use of the requester's budget or workers becoming disinterested in the task.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Mucin-Like Glycoproteins from <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Bind to CD1d but Do Not Elicit Dominant Innate or Adaptive Immune Responses Via the CD1d/NKT Cell Pathway (2002)

It has been proposed that self and protozoan-derived GPI anchors are natural ligands of CD1d. In this study, we investigated the ability of GPI anchors from Trypanosoma cruzi to bind to CD1d and mediate activation of NKT cells. We observed that GPI-anchored mucin-like glycoproteins (GPI mucins), glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPLs), and their phosphatidylinositol moieties bind to rCD1d and inhibit the stimulation of a NKT hybridoma by the alpha-galactosylceramide-CD1 complex. However, these GPI anchors and related structures were unable to activate NKT cells in vitro or in vivo. We found that high titers of Ab anti-GPI mucins, but not anti-GIPLs, were detected in sera from wild-type as well as in TAP1(-/-), CD1d(-/-), and MHC class II(-/-) mice after immunization. However, T-dependent anti-GPI mucin Ab isotypes, such as IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3, were absent on MHC class II(-/-), but were conserved in CD1d(-/-) and TAP1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, we found that CD1d(-/-) mice presented a robust cytokine as well as anti-GPI mucins and anti-GIPL Ab responses, upon infection with T. cruzi parasites. These results indicate that, despite binding to CD1d, GPI mucins and related structures expressed by T. cruzi appear not to evoke dominant CD1d-restricted immune responses in vivo. In contrast, MHC class II is critical for the production of the major Ig G isotypes against GPI mucins from T. cruzi parasites.
Elastography: Elasticity Imaging Using Ultrasound with Application to Muscle and Breast <i>in Vivo</i> (1993)

Changes in tissue elasticity are generally correlated with its pathological state. In many cases, despite the difference in elasticity, the small size of a lesion or its location deep in the body preclude its detection by palpation. In general, such a lesion may or may not possess echogenic properties that would make it ultrasonically detectable. Elastography is an ultrasonic method for imaging the elasticity of compliant tissues. The method estimates the local longitudinal strain of tissue elements by ultrasonically assessing the one dimensional local displacements. This information can be combined with first order theoretical estimates of the local stress to yield a quantitative measure of the local elastic properties of tissue. The elasticity information is displayed in the form of a gray scale image called an elastogram. An experimental system for elastography in phantoms based on a single element transducer has been described previously [1]. Here we introduce a new elastography system based on a linear array transducer that is suitable for in vivo scanning. We describe tissue mimicking phantom experiments and preliminary in vivo breast and muscle elastograms confirming the feasibility of performing elastography in vivo. An elastogram of a breast containing an 8 mm palpable cancer nodule clearly shows the lesion. Elastograms and their corresponding sonograms show some similarities and differences in the depiction of tissue structures.
Ion-beam-deposited boron carbide coatings for the extreme ultraviolet (1994)

The normal-incidence reflectance of ion-beam-deposited boron carbide thin films has been evaluated in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral region. High-reflectance coatings have been produced with reflectances greater than 30% between 67 and 121.6 nm. This high reflectance makes ion-beam-deposited boron carbide an attractive coating for EUV applications.
Lipidomics Profiling and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Prospective Population-Based Bruneck Study (2014)

This study applied mass spectrometry-based lipidomics profiling to population-based cohorts and identified molecular lipid signatures for cardiovascular disease. Molecular lipid species constitute promising new biomarkers that outperform the conventional biochemical measurements of lipid classes currently used in clinics.
Transgenic Expression of COL1A1-Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase Fusion Genes in Bone: Differential Utilization of Promoter Elements In Vivo and in Cultured Cells (1993)

To directly compare the patterns of collagen promoter expression in cells and tissues, the activity of COL1A1 fusion genes in calvariae of neonatal transgenic mice and in primary bone cell cultures derived by sequential digestion of transgenic calvariae was measured. ColCAT3.6 contains 3.6 kb (positions -3521 to +115) of the rat COL1A1 gene ligated to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. ColCAT2.3 and ColCAT1.7 are 5' deletion mutants which contain 2,296 and 1,672 bp, respectively, of COL1A1 DNA upstream from the transcription start site. ColCAT3.6 activity was 4- to 6-fold lower in primary bone cell cultures than in intact calvariae, while ColCAT2.3 activity was at least 100-fold lower in primary bone cells than in calvariae. These changes were accompanied by a threefold decrease in collagen synthesis and COL1A1 mRNA levels in primary bone cells compared with collagen synthesis and COL1A1 mRNA levels in freshly isolated calvariae. ColCAT3.6 and ColCAT2.3 activity was maintained in calvariae cultured in the presence or absence of serum for 4 to 7 days. Thus, when bone cells are removed from their normal microenvironment, there is parallel downregulation of collagen synthesis, collagen mRNA levels, and ColCAT3.6 activity, with a much greater decrease in ColCAT2.3. These data suggest that a 624-bp region of the COL1A1 promoter between positions -2296 and -1672 is active in intact and cultured bone but inactive in cultured cells derived from the bone. We suggest that the downregulation of COL1A1 activity in primary bone cells may be due to the loss of cell shape or to alterations in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions that normally occur in intact bone.
Inflammatory cytokines and risk of coronary heart disease: new prospective study and updated meta-analysis (2013)

Several different pro-inflammatory cytokines are each associated with CHD risk independent of conventional risk factors and in an approximately log-linear manner. The findings lend support to the inflammation hypothesis in vascular disease, but further studies are needed to assess causality.
Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from the Egyptian Red Sea Seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum (2012)

Five flavonoids (rutin, asebotin, 3-hydroxyasebotin, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside, and a racemic mixture of catechin) and caffeic acid were isolated and identified for the first time from seagrass, Thalassodendron ciliatum, collected from the Hurghada region in Egypt. The crude extract and the isolated pure compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HCT-116, HEPG, MCF-7, and HeLa human cancer cell lines, for their antiviral activity against Herpes Simplex and hepatitis A viruses, and for their antioxidant activity.
SiC-fission product reactions in HTGR TRISO UC/sub 2/ and UC/sub x/O/sub y/ fissile fuel: I, kinetics of reactions in a thermal gradient (1979)

The potential for SiC-lanthanide fission product reactions on the cool side of TRISO-coated UC/sub 2/ and UC/sub 4/ /sub 3/O/sub 1/ fuel particles was studied in postirradiation thermal-gradient heating experiments. The kinetics of the reactions were obtained by determining the rate of decrease in SiC thickness as a function of temperature and fission density. Reaction rates are independent of the fission density for UC/sub 2/ kernel burnups >5% FIMA. The rate of change in SiC thickness for TRISO, UC/sub 2/ in a temperature gradient is X (..mu..m/h) = 4.2 x 10/sup 7/ exp(-3.283 x 10/sup 5//8.313T). No reduction in O/sub 1/ /sub 3/SiC thickness was observed in TRISO UC/sub 4/ /sub 3/ fuel; the rates of SiC fission product reactions are at least an order of magnitude slower than those observed in UC/sub 2/. No metallic fission product release from TRISO particles was indicated until the SiC layer thickness was reduced by 50%.
Antiallergic activity of a disaccharide isolated from <i>Sanguisorba ofﬁcinalis</i> (2004)

The antiallergic activity of the natural disaccharide, 5-O-alpha-D-(3-C-hydroxymethyl)lyxofuranosyl-beta-D-(2-C-hydroxymethyl)arabinofuranose was evaluated using both in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Intravenously administered compound inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis response in rats in a dose-dependent manner (ED(50) = 9.6 mg/kg). The compound inhibited histamine release evoked by both compound 48/80 and calcium ionophore A23187 in rat peritoneal mast cells indicating that mast cell stabilization is the major mechanism of action for its antiallergic activity. In passively sensitized isolated guinea-pig hearts, an in vitro anaphylaxis model in which histamine release plays a key role for functional deterioration, the compound markedly diminished both coronary flow reduction and histamine release on challenge to the antigen. These data demonstrate that this antiallergic natural disaccharide exerts its effect via inhibition of mast cell mediator release.