gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Functional Role for Nicotine in Bcl2 Phosphorylation and Suppression of Apoptosis (2003)

Nicotine is not only a major component in tobacco but is also a survival agonist that inhibits apoptosis induced by diverse stimuli including chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the intracellular mechanism(s) involved in nicotine suppression of apoptosis is unclear. Bcl2 is a potent antiapoptotic protein and tumor promotor that is expressed in both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. It is possible that nicotine may regulate Bcl2 to stimulate cell survival. Here we report that nicotine can induce Bcl2 phosphorylation exclusively at the serine 70 site in association with prolonged survival of SCLC H82 cells expressing wild-type but not the phosphorylation-deficient S70A mutant Bcl2 after treatment with chemotherapeutic agents (i.e. cisplatin or VP-16). Nicotine induces activation of PKC alpha and the MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2, which are physiological Bcl2 kinases. Furthermore, ET-18-OCH3, a specific phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, blocks nicotine-stimulated Bcl2 phosphorylation and promotes apoptosis, suggesting that PLC may be involved in nicotine activation of Bcl2 kinases. Using a genetic approach, the gain-of-function S70E mutant, which mimics Ser(70) site phosphorylation in the flexible loop domain, potently enhances chemoresistance in SCLC cells. Thus, nicotine-induced cell survival results, at least in part, from a mechanism that involves Bcl2 phosphorylation. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies for lung cancer in which Bcl2 is expressed may be used to abrogate the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl2 by inhibiting multiple upstream nicotine-activated pathways.
Role of Lipid Polymorphism in Pulmonary Surfactant (1996)

The development of artificial surfactants for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) requires lipid systems that can spread rapidly from solution to the air-water interface. Because hydration-repulsion forces stabilize liposomal bilayers and oppose spreading, liposome systems that undergo geometric rearrangement from the bilayer (lamellar) phase to the hexagonal II (HII) phase could hasten lipid transfer to the air-water interface through unstable transition intermediates. A liposome system containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine was designed; the system is stable at 23 degrees C but undergoes transformation to the HII phase as the temperature increases to 37 degrees C. The spreading of lipid from this system to the air-water interface was rapid at 37 degrees C but slow at 23 degrees C. When tested in vivo in a neonatal rabbit model, such systems elicited an onset of action equal to that of native human surfactant. These findings suggest that lipid polymorphic phase behavior may have a crucial role in the effective functioning of pulmonary surfactant.
Sub- and Super-critical Water Depolymerization of Biomass (2010)

Abstract Biomass may be converted to more useful fuel and chemicals via thermochemical decomposition and biological digestion. Thermochemical conversion processes include three sub-categories: pyrolysis, gasification, and direct liquefaction. Two biomass conversion processes using water have been studied: hydrothermal upgrading under subcritical water and supercritical water gasification in supercritical water conditions. The hydrothermal upgrading or direct liquefaction is a promising technology to treat waste streams from various sources and produce valuable bio-products such as biocrudes.
High-Throughput, Library-Based Selection of a Murine Leukemia Virus Variant To Infect Nondividing Cells (2006)

Gammaretroviruses, such as murine leukemia virus (MLV), are functionally distinguished from lentiviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus, by their inability to infect nondividing cells. Attempts to engineer this property into MLV have been hindered by an incomplete understanding of early events in the viral life cycle. We utilized a transposon-based method to generate saturated peptide insertion libraries of MLV gag-pol variants with nuclear localization signals randomly incorporated throughout these overlapping genes. High-throughput selection of the libraries via iterative retroviral infection of nondividing cells led to the identification of a novel variant that successfully transduced growth-arrested cells. Vector packaging by cotransfection of the gag-pol.NLS variant with wild-type gag-pol produced high-titer virions capable of infecting neurons in vitro and in vivo. The capacity of mutant virions to transduce nondividing cells could help to elucidate incompletely understood mechanisms of the viral life cycle and greatly broaden the gene therapy applications of retroviral vectors. Furthermore, the ability to engineer key intracellular viral infection steps has potential implications for the understanding, design, and control of other post-entry events. Finally, this method of library generation and selection for a desired phenotype directly in a mammalian system can be readily expanded to address other challenges in protein engineering.
Subchondral bone and cartilage damage: A prospective study in older adults (2010)

The results of this study demonstrated that bone area predicted medial and lateral cartilage defect development and medial cartilage volume loss, while subchondral BMD predicted medial defect development but not cartilage loss. These associations were independent of each other, indicating there are multiple mechanisms by which subchondral bone changes may lead to cartilage damage.
An Alternating Copolymer Derived from Indolo[3,2‐<i>b</i>]carbazole and 4,7‐Di(thieno[3,2‐<i>b</i>]thien‐2‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole for Photovoltaic Cells (2010)

An alternating narrow bandgap conjugated copolymer (PICZ-DTBT, E(g) = 1.83 eV) derived from 5,11-di(9-heptadecanyl)indolo[3,2-b]carbazole and 4,7-di(thieno[3,2-b]thien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DTBT), was prepared by the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The resultant polymer absorbs light from 350-690 nm, exhibits two absorbance peaks at around 420 and 570 nm and has good solution processibility and thermal stability. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the copolymer determined by cyclic voltammetry were about -5.18 and -3.35 eV, respectively. Prototype bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells from solid-state composite films based on PICZ-DTBT and [6,6]-phenyl-C(71) butyric acid methyl ester (PC(71) BM), show power conversion efficiencies up to 2.4% under 80 mW · cm(-2) illumination (AM1.5) with an open-circuit voltage of V(oc) = 0.75 V, a short current density of J(sc) = 6.02 mA · cm(-2) , and a fill factor of 42%. This indicates that the copolymer PICZ-DTBT is a viable electron donor material for polymeric solar cells.
The Synthesis of 6-Hydroxy-17-equilenone (an Isomer of Equilenin) and Two of its Homologs (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 6-Hydroxy-17-equilenone (an Isomer of Equilenin) and Two of its HomologsW. E. Bachmann and D. W. HolmesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 10, 2750–2757Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01867a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01867a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Point cloud slicing for 3-D printing (2017)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
The Long QT Syndrome and Torsade De Pointes (1999)

The LQTS is a prime example of how molecular biology, ion channel, cellular, and organ physiology, coupled with clinical observations, promise to be the future paradigm for advancement of medical knowledge. Both the congenital and acquired LQTS are due to abnormalities (intrinsic and/or acquired) of the ionic currents underlying cardiac repolarization. In this review, the continually unraveling molecular biology of congenital LQTS is discussed. The various pharmacological agents associated with the acquired LQTS are listed. Although it is difficult to predict which patients are at risk for TdP, careful assessment of the risk-benefit ratio is important before prescribing drugs known to be able to cause QT prolongation. The in vivo electrophysiological mechanism of TdP in the LQTS is described using, as a paradigm, the anthopleurin-A canine model, a surrogate for LQT3. In the LQTS, prolonged repolarization is associated with increased spatial dispersion of repolarization. Prolongation of repolarization also acts as a primary step for the generation of EADs. The focal EAD induced triggered beat(s) can infringe on the underlying substrate of inhomogeneous repolarization to initiate polymorphic reentrant VT, sometimes having the characteristic twisting QRS configuration known as TdP. The review concludes by discussion of the clinical manifestations and current management of both the congenital and acquired LQTS. The initial therapy of choice for the large majority of patients with the congenital LQTS is a beta-blocking drug. This therapy seems to be effective in LQT1 and LQT2 patients, but may not be as effective in LQT3 patients. Other therapeutic options include pacemakers, cervicothoracic sympathectomy, and the implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Recent molecular genetic studies have suggested several genotype specific therapies; however, long-term efficacy data are not available.
A Meniscus Model for Optimization of Texturing and Liquid Lubrication of Magnetic Thin-Film Rigid Disks (1995)

A meniscus model to predict the effect of disk texture and liquid films on stiction at a head-disk interface is developed using a newly derived equation for meniscus force in the presence of a liquid film. Meniscus contribution to the stiction in the presence of liquid films is calculated for multiple asperity contacts. The meniscus force and the resulting stiction force are calculated as a function of mean peak radius (RP), standard deviation of peak heights (σP), total number of peaks (NO), and liquid film thickness (h). In addition, critical ranges for σP, RP, NO and h, outside which severe stiction and/or plastic deformation may result, are obtained. A limiting case of N identical asperities with a constant spherical radius R and a constant height is also considered. Based on the analysis, the design curves are presented which can be used in selecting the optimum parameters, such as σP,RP, and NO as a function of h, to prevent severe stiction and plastic deformation.
Frequency Stability of He-Ne Masers and Measurements of Length (1963)

Received 11 February 1963DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.10.165©1963 American Physical Society
A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using an Exothermic Reaction as the Heat Source (2001)

Performance of a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell was evaluated using a 0.15 mm thick Sm-doped ceria (SDC) electrolyte together with a 30 wt % SDC-Ni anode and a cathode at heating temperatures below 500°C in a flowing mixture of butane and air. A large quantity of reaction heat, which was evolved by the partial oxidation of butane by oxygen at the anode, caused a temperature rise of more than 100°C at the anode, followed by thermal conduction to the cathode through the electrolyte. Simultaneously, the cell generated a large electromotive force of ca. 900 mV between the two electrodes. The resulting peak power density reached 245, 180, 105, and 38 mW cm−2 at heating temperatures of 450, 400, 350, and 300°C, respectively. The comparison of the butane fuel with the other hydrocarbon fuels showed that the fuel cell performance became enhanced, especially at reducing temperatures, as the carbon number of the hydrocarbon increased, and the chain structure was branched. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Problem-solution mapping for forward and reengineering on architectural level (2011)

Software architectures play a key role for the development and evolution of software systems because they have to enable their quality properties such as scalability, flexibility, and security. Software architectural decisions represent a transition from problem space with quality goals and requirements on one side to solution space with technical solutions on the other side. Technical solutions are reusable elements for the work of the architect as for example patterns, styles, frameworks and building blocks. For long-term evolution of the systems, an explicit mapping between goals and solutions is helpful for expressing design knowledge and fundamental decisions. Such a mapping has to bridge between the fields of requirements engineering, software architectural design, and software quality thus enabling reuse. In this paper the Goal Solution Scheme is discussed, which maps quality goals and goal refinements to architectural principles and solutions. The paper extends the approach from the previously discussed forward engineering to re-engineering activities thus covering evolutionary development processes. The evaluation of the approach has been performed in several case studies and projects including a large industrial one.
Design of a self-tuning rule based controller for a gasoline refinery catalytic reformer (1990)

Design concepts for self-tuning knowledge-based controllers are studied. To accomplish this, two interacting rule-based controllers are constructed for supervisory control and system optimization of a gasoline catalytic reformer. The knowledge bases incorporate human operator experience and basic engineering knowledge about the process dynamics. Inference is provided by a fuzzy logic engine. After manual tuning of the controller scaling coefficient is accomplished, a crisp heuristic is developed for self-tuning. The performance of the self-tuning controller is tested against perturbations of a simulation model of the catalytic reformer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Face encoding and recognition in the human brain. (1996)

A dissociation between human neural systems that participate in the encoding and later recognition of new memories for faces was demonstrated by measuring memory task-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow with positron emission tomography. There was almost no overlap between the brain structures associated with these memory functions. A region in the right hippocampus and adjacent cortex was activated during memory encoding but not during recognition. The most striking finding in neocortex was the lateralization of prefrontal participation. Encoding activated left prefrontal cortex, whereas recognition activated right prefrontal cortex. These results indicate that the hippocampus and adjacent cortex participate in memory function primarily at the time of new memory encoding. Moreover, face recognition is not mediated simply by recapitulation of operations performed at the time of encoding but, rather, involves anatomically dissociable operations.
DataSite: Proactive Visual Data Exploration with Computation of Insight-based Recommendations (2018)

Effective data analysis ideally requires the analyst to have high expertise as well as high knowledge of the data. Even with such familiarity, manually pursuing all potential hypotheses and exploring all possible views is impractical. We present DataSite, a proactive visual analytics system where the burden of selecting and executing appropriate computations is shared by an automatic server-side computation engine. Salient features identified by these automatic background processes are surfaced as notifications in a feed timeline. DataSite effectively turns data analysis into a conversation between analyst and computer, thereby reducing the cognitive load and domain knowledge requirements. We validate the system with a user study comparing it to a recent visualization recommendation system, yielding significant improvement, particularly for complex analyses that existing analytics systems do not support well.
Handling FT-CORBA compliant interoperable object group references (2003)

The handling of Interoperable Object Group References (IOGRs) is one of the basic building block of any FT-CORBA compliant platform. In this paper we introduce two basic components: IOGRManager, a tool to create, update, browse IOGRs, and an Outgoing-Request-Gate Way (ORGW), a CORBA compliant client request interceptor, which allows clients running on non-FT-CORBA compliant ORBs to transparently interact with replicated objects residing on FT-CORBA-compliant platforms. Both components have been developed in the context of Interoperable Replication Logic (IRL) project that investigates the impact of three-tier architectures on software replication.
Charge-Related SQUID and Tunable Phase-Slip Flux Qubit (2014)

A phase-slip flux qubit, exactly dual to a charge qubit, is composed of a superconducting loop interrupted by a phase-slip junction. Here we propose a tunable phase-slip flux qubit by replacing the phase-slip junction with a charge-related superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) consisting of two phase-slip junctions connected in series with a superconducting island. This charge-SQUID acts as an effective phase-slip junction controlled by the applied gate voltage and can be used to tune the energy-level splitting of the qubit. Also, we show that a large inductance inserted in the loop can reduce the inductance energy and consequently suppress the dominating flux noise of the phase-slip flux qubit. This enhanced phase-slip flux qubit is exactly dual to a transmon qubit.
Homo- and Copolymerization of Styrene by Bridged Zirconocene Complex with Benz Indenyl Ligand (1999)

Rac-[isopropylidenebis(4,5-benzindenyl)] zirconium dichloride/MAO promotes copolymerization of ethylene and styrene to form a random copolymer with a high activity. The random copolymer has head to tail St-St sequences and isotactic stereo-regularity both of the head to tail St-St and alternating Et-St sequences. This catalytic system also promotes homo-polymerization of styrene to form isotactic polystyrene. The steric interaction of the C2 symmetric ligand framework to polymer chain ends and monomer phenyl groups may control isotactic propagation, similarly to the isotactic polymerization of propene reported, with complexes having C2 symmetry.
Medical Problems Associated with Underwater Diving (1992)

THE underwater environment, with its rapidly changing ambient pressures, presents pathophysiologic challenges that may lead to a variety of unusual diseases for which rapid diagnosis and treatment are critical. In the United States there are more than 5 million people certified as recreational scuba divers — that is, divers who use a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus. Given the popularity of scuba diving the world over and the number of diving accidents,1 every physician should be aware of the specific hazards and medical conditions encountered underwater.The barometric pressure at sea level is 100 kPa (the equivalent of 1 atmosphere absolute, . . .
Ferroelectric polymer tactile sensors for prostheses (1984)

Abstract The use of ferroelectric polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF2) for tactile sensors for prostheses has been investigated. A few sensory capabilities peculiar to human skin, such as the ability to measure contact pressure, to evaluate hardness of different materials, to ‘‘feel'’ roughness and the surface textures of different objects and to discriminate materials on the basis of their thermal conductivity, have been identified as potentially reproducible by PVF2 sensors. Different PVF2 transducers have been designed and constructed to study the possibility of mimicking each sensory capability. Details of sensors construction are given, results of testing are discussed and some problems are identified. Based on experimental results we conclude that the development of a sensorized skin-like transducer for prostheses based on the use of ferroelectric polymers is feasible.
DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF URINARY INTER-alpha-TRYPSIN INHIBITOR TRIMERS AND DIMERS IN NORMAL COMPARED TO ACTIVE CALCIUM OXALATE STONE FORMING MEN (1998)

Immunoreactive profiles of urinary proteins may be able to be developed into a useful diagnostic tool to identify active stone formation, although a separate panel may be required for men and women. It is possible that these differences may provide clues as to why the incidence of stone disease is higher in men than women.
Central nervous system alterations caused by infection with the human respiratory syncytial virus (2014)

Worldwide, the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of infant hospitalization because of acute respiratory tract infections, including severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Despite intense research, to date there is neither vaccine nor treatment available to control hRSV disease burden globally. After infection, an incubation period of 3-5 days is usually followed by symptoms, such as cough and low-grade fever. However, hRSV infection can also produce a larger variety of symptoms, some of which relate to the individual's age at infection. Indeed, infants can display severe symptoms, such as dyspnea and chest wall retractions. Upon examination, crackles and wheezes are also common features that suggest infection by hRSV. Additionally, infection in infants younger than 1 year is associated with several non-specific symptoms, such as failure to thrive, periodic breathing or apnea, and feeding difficulties that usually require hospitalization. Recently, neurological symptoms have also been associated with hRSV respiratory infection and include seizures, central apnea, lethargy, feeding or swallowing difficulties, abnormalities in muscle tone, strabismus, abnormalities in the CSF, and encephalopathy. Here, we discuss recent findings linking the neurological, extrapulmonary effects of hRSV with infection and functional impairment of the CNS.
Enantioselective Syntheses of (<i>R</i>)‐Amino Acids Using <scp>L</scp>‐Valine as Chiral Agent (1981)

(R)-Amino Acids can be synthesized via the cyclic bislactim ethers (dihydropyrazines) of cyclo-(L-Val-Gly), by successive metalation, alkylation, and hydrolysis, in good yields and in high optical purity. They are e.g. of importance as enzyme inhibitors. Presumably the reaction proceeds via the planar dihydropyrazine anion (1).