gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activity of Renshaw Cells during Locomotor-Like Rhythmic Activity in the Isolated Spinal Cord of Neonatal Mice (2006)

In the present study, we examine the activity patterns of and synaptic inputs to Renshaw cells (RCs) during fictive locomotion in the newborn mouse using visually guided recordings from GABAergic cells expressing glutamic acid decarboxylase 67-green fluorescent protein (GFP). Among the GFP-positive neurons in the lumbar ventral horn, RCs were uniquely identified as receiving ventral root-evoked short-latency EPSPs that were markedly reduced in amplitude by nicotinic receptor blockers mecamylamine or tubocurarine. During locomotor-like rhythmic activity evoked by bath application of 5-HT and NMDA, 50% of the recorded RCs fired in-phase with the ipsilateral L2 flexor-related rhythm, whereas the rest fired in the extensor phase. Each population of RCs fired throughout the corresponding locomotor phase. All RCs received both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs during the locomotor-like rhythmic activity. Blocking nicotinic receptors with mecamylamine markedly reduced the rhythmic excitatory drive, indicating that these rhythmic inputs originate mainly from motor neurons (MNs). Inhibitory synaptic inputs persisted in the presence of the nicotinic blocker. Part of this inhibitory drive and remaining excitatory drive could be from commissural interneurons because the present study also shows that RCs receive direct crossed inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs. However, rhythmic synaptic inputs in RCs were also observed in hemicord preparations in the presence of mecamylamine. These results show that, during locomotor activity, RC firing properties are modulated not only by MNs but also by the ipsilateral and contralateral locomotor networks.
INTEGRATION EFFICIENCY AND GENETIC RECOMBINATION IN PNEUMOCOCCAL TRANSFORMATION (1966)

CONSIDERABLE progress has been made toward an understanding of the molecular basis of transformation in pneumococcus. DNA particles outside the cell compete for entry (HOTCHKISS 1957a). Competent cells indiscriminately take up this DNA at a steady rate to the extent of as much as 5% of their own genetic material (Fox and HOTCHKISS 1957). Immediately following uptake, donor DNA loses its ability to transform other cells This appears to result from the conversion of native donor DNA to single strands upon uptake Within one quarter of a generation donor material recovers its activity, apparently as a consequence of insertion of single-stranded segments into native DNA of the host (LACKS 1969; Simultaneous with this recovery, genetically recombinant DNA appears
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate is formed from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in thrombin-stimulated platelets (1994)

Platelets accumulate PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2 in response to thrombin and thrombin-receptor-directed peptide in a GTP-dependent manner. These phosphoinositides are considered to be mediators of signaling events in a variety of cells. We have examined the metabolic route by which PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2 are synthesized by briefly (10 min) incubating platelets with high activities of [32P]Pi, followed by 20 or 60 s exposure to thrombin, and analysing the relative radioactivities of the individual phosphate groups in the resulting labelled PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2. The phosphate group possessing the highest specific activity under such non-equilibrium labelling conditions indicates the last one added in a metabolic sequence. The thrombin-stimulated rate of labelling of PtdIns(3,4)P2 was significantly slower than that of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Increased labelled PtdIns3P was not detected within 60 s. The measured relative radioactivities decreased in the order 3 > 5 > 4 >> 1 for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and 3 > 4 >> 1 for PtdIns(3,4)P2. On the basis of the results of both rate-of-labelling and specific radioactivity analyses we conclude that PtdIns(3,4,5)Pa is formed by 3-OH phosphorylation of PtdIns(4,5)P2, whereas PtdIns(3,4)P2, may be formed by 3-OH phosphorylation of PtdIns4P and/or dephosphorylation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. These findings point to the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase as a critical receptor-regulated step in thrombin-stimulated platelets.
Regulating the Internet of Things: First Steps toward Managing Discrimination, Privacy, Security, and Consent (2014)

The consumer "Internet of Things" is suddenly reality, not science fiction. Electronic sensors are now ubiquitous in our smartphones, cars, homes, electric systems, health-care devices, fitness monitors, and workplaces. These connected, sensor-based devices create new types and unprecedented quantities of detailed, high-quality information about our everyday actions, habits, personalities, and preferences. Much of this undoubtedly increases social welfare. For example, insurers can price automobile coverage more accurately by using sensors to measure exactly how you drive (e.g., Progressive 's Snapshot system), which should theoretically lower the overall cost of insurance. But the Internet of Things raises new and difficult questions as well. This Article shows that four inherent aspects of sensor-based technologies-the compounding effects of what computer scientists call "sensor fusion, " the near impossibility of truly de-identifying sensor data, the likelihood that Internet of Things devices will be inherently prone to security flaws, and the difficulty of meaningful consumer consent in this context-create very real discrimination, privacy, security, and consent problems. As connected, sensor-based devices tell us more and more about ourselves and each other, what discrimination-racial, economic, or otherwise-will that permit, and how should we constrain socially obnoxious manifestations? As the Internet of Things generates ever more massive and nuanced datasets about consumer behavior, how to protect privacy ? How to deal with the reality that sensors are particularly vulnerable to security risks? How should the law treat-and how much should policy depend upon consumer consent in a context in which true informed choice may be impossible? This Article is the first legal work to describe the new connected world we are creating, address these four interrelated problems, and propose concrete first steps for a regulatory approach to the Internet of Things.
Stylized rendering techniques for scalable real-time 3D animation (2000)

Algorithms and 3D Technologies Group (G3D) Intel Architecture Labs (IAL) University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill "We're searching here, trying to get away from the cut and dried handling of
An experimental study on the fuel reduction potential of heavy duty vehicle platooning (2010)

Vehicle platooning has become important for the vehicle industry. Yet conclusive results with respect to the fuel reduction possibilities of platooning remain unclear. The focus in this study is the fuel reduction that heavy duty vehicle platooning enables and the analysis with respect to the influence of a commercial adaptive cruise control on the fuel consumption. Experimental results show that by using preview information of the road ahead from the lead vehicle, the adaptive cruise controller can reduce the fuel consumption. A study is undertaken for various masses of the lead vehicle. The results show that the best choice with respect to a heavier or lighter lead vehicle depends on the desired time gap. A maximum fuel reduction of 4.7-7.7% depending on the time gap, at a set speed of 70 km/h, can be obtained with two identical trucks. If the lead vehicle is 10 t lighter a corresponding 3.8-7.4% fuel reduction can be obtained depending on the time gap. Similarly if the lead vehicle is 10 t heavier a 4.3-6.9% fuel reduction can be obtained. All results indicate that a maximum fuel reduction can be achieved at a short relative distance, due to both air drag reduction and suitable control.
A Treatment for Impulse Control Disorders and Paraphilia: A Case Report (1995)

An individual with pedophilia and trichotillomania was treated with sertraline. Despite a longstanding history of trichotillomania, his hair-pulling behaviour stopped. In addition, pedophilic impulses also remitted. This improvement was noted not only in terms of subjective reporting but also in terms of biological and physiological testing done before and after treatment.
The Theory of Magnetic Amplifiers and Some Recent Developments (1948)

The article first describes the theory of magnetic amplifiers. It shows how the B/H characteristic of iron alloys is utilized to obtain amplification of d.c. signals, and calls attention to some of the shortcomings of the device, such as non-linear amplification and long time constant. Observations show that there is a time delay between the application of a signal to the input and the commencement of the growth of load current at the output, this delay being a function of the input current. The response therefore inclines to be slow and dependent upon the input signal.
Semiconductor nanowires directly grown on graphene – towards wafer scale transferable nanowire arrays with improved electrical contact (2013)

We present for the first time the growth of dense arrays of silicon and silicon carbide nanowires directly on graphene as well as methods of transferring these novel hybrids to arbitrary substrates. Improved electrical contact for SiC nanowire/graphene hybrid is demonstrated in the application of a robust supercapacitor electrode.
Improved synthesis of 1, 1, 1‐Trimethylolalkanes from hexanal and nonanal (1968)

Abstract Reaction of hexanal or nonanal with formaldehyde under the usual conditions for the Tollens condensation gave the expected 1,1,1‐trimethylolalkanes in 65–70% yields. Characterization of the crude product mixtures by silylation and subsequent gas‐liquid chromatographic analysis permitted identification of by‐products. The major by‐products were the 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl) alkanals resulting from incomplete reaction with formaldehyde; minor by‐products were the formate esters of the hydroxymethyl compounds. These findings permitted modification of the procedure to give 1,1,1‐trimethylolalkanes in 85–90% yields. The modifications included a) isolation from alkaline rather than acidic solution to prevent ester formation and b) hydrogenation of the crude reaction products to convert the 2,2‐bis (hydroxymethyl) alkanals to the 1,1,1‐trimethylolalkanes.
Automatic Detection and Notification of Potholes and Humps on Roads to Aid Drivers (2015)

One of the major problems in developing countries is maintenance of roads. Well maintained roads contribute a major portion to the country's economy. Identification of pavement distress such as potholes and humps not only helps drivers to avoid accidents or vehicle damages, but also helps authorities to maintain roads. This paper discusses previous pothole detection methods that have been developed and proposes a cost-effective solution to identify the potholes and humps on roads and provide timely alerts to drivers to avoid accidents or vehicle damages. Ultrasonic sensors are used to identify the potholes and humps and also to measure their depth and height, respectively. The proposed system captures the geographical location coordinates of the potholes and humps using a global positioning system receiver. The sensed-data includes pothole depth, height of hump, and geographic location, which is stored in the database (cloud). This serves as a valuable source of information to the government authorities and vehicle drivers. An android application is used to alert drivers so that precautionary measures can be taken to evade accidents. Alerts are given in the form of a flash messages with an audio beep.
Understanding the Role of Helical Chains in the Formation of Noncentrosymmetric Solids (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTUnderstanding the Role of Helical Chains in the Formation of Noncentrosymmetric SolidsPaul A. Maggard, Charlotte L. Stern, and Kenneth R. PoeppelmeierView Author Information Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 31, 7742–7743Publication Date (Web):July 11, 2001Publication History Received20 April 2001Revised15 June 2001Published online11 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja016055yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja016055yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1158Altmetric-Citations268LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Cations,Crystal structure,Ligands,Pyrazine Get e-Alerts
Substituent effect on the electronic properties of pyrazino[2,3-g] quinoxaline molecules (2011)

We report the synthesis and characterization of pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline derivatives with a systematic change in the substituents at the 2, 3, 7 and 8 positions and with or without 2-thienyl at the 5 and 10 positions to study the substituent effect and quinoid character of such a system. We performed density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP functional and 6-31G* basis set under the geometry optimization condition, together with the resonance effect of a valence bond theory to understand the electronic structures of these molecules. It was found that a combination of conjugation and cross-conjugation effects is responsible for the observed trends in their electronic properties, thus giving insights into designing molecules utilizing such effects.
Quantifying the relation between UV and X-ray flux in nearby M stars (2011)

Both helical blades and lag screws are good choices for treating intertrochanteric fracture among elderly.
Prospective study of effect of switching from cigarettes to pipes or cigars on mortality from three smoking related diseases (1997)

Cigarette smokers who have difficulty in giving up smoking altogether are better off changing to cigars or pipes than continuing to smoke cigarettes. Much of the effect is due to the reduction in the quantity of tobacco smoked, and some is due to inhaling less. Men who switch do not, however, achieve the lower risk of pipe and cigar smokers who have never smoked cigarettes. All pipe and cigar smokers have a greater risk of lung cancer than lifelong non-smokers or former smokers.
[Cord blood transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: analysis at a single institution]. (2008)

We examined the result of cord blood transplantation (CBT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children. Fifty ALL patients underwent stem cell transplantation in our hospital. Among these, 23 patients received related bone marrow transplantation and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (R-BMT/PBSCT), 17 patients received unrelated bone marrow transplantation (U-BMT), and 10 patients received unrelated cord blood transplantation (U-CBT). The 5-year overall survival rates after R-BMT/PBSCT, U-BMT and U-CBT were 64.6%, 32.3%, and 85.7%, respectively. Event-free survivals after 5 years were 59.6%, 14.7%, and 70.0%, respectively. The relapse rate in the U-CBT group was equal to that in the R-BMT/PBSCT group, and the transplant-related mortality of U-CBT was 0%. Our data show that U-CBT should be the first choice for patients with refractory or relapsed ALL who have no related HLA-matched donor.
Virtual machine-based simulation platform for mobile ad-hoc network-based cyber infrastructure (2015)

In modeling and simulating complex systems, such as mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), in defense communications, it is a major challenge to reconcile multiple important considerations: the rapidity of unavoidable changes to the software (network layers and applications), the difficulty of modeling the critical, implementation-dependent behavioral effects, the need to sustain larger scale scenarios, and the desire for faster simulations. Here we present our approach in successfully reconciling them using a virtual time-synchronized virtual machine (VM)-based parallel execution framework that accurately lifts both the devices, as well as the network communications, to a virtual time plane while retaining full fidelity. At the core of our framework is a scheduling engine that operates at the level of a hypervisor scheduler, offering a unique ability to execute multi-core guest nodes over multi-core host nodes in an accurate, virtual time-synchronized manner. In contrast to other related approaches that suffer from either speed or accuracy issues, our framework provides MANET node-wise scalability, high fidelity of software behaviors, and time-ordering accuracy. The design and development of this framework is presented, and an actual implementation based on the widely used Xen hypervisor system is described. Benchmarks with synthetic and actual applications are used to identify the benefits of our approach. The time inaccuracy of traditional emulation methods is demonstrated, in comparison with the accurate execution of our framework verified by theoretically correct results expected from analytical models of the same scenarios. In the largest high-fidelity tests, we are able to perform virtual time-synchronized simulation of 64-node VM-based full-stack, actual software behaviors of MANETs containing a mix of static and mobile (unmanned airborne vehicle) nodes, hosted on a 32-core host, with full fidelity of unmodified ad-hoc routing protocols, unmodified application executables, and user-controllable physical layer effects, including inter-device wireless signal strength, reachability, and connectivity.
Functional Microfabricated Sample Targets for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Ribonucleic Acids (2003)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a powerful analytical tool for the structural characterization of proteins and nucleic acids. However, many proteomics or genomics methodologies that employ MALDI-MS require external sample manipulation, which limits the overall throughput of analysis. We have focused on fabricating functional MALDI sample plates that would permit the on-probe characterization of nucleic acids. Here, we present results arising from the fabrication of functional sample plates composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The PMMA sample plates were fabricated by a CNC milling technique. The key structural feature of our microfabricated samples plates is the presence of individual cylindrical posts (360 microm x 360 microm), which serve as individual sample targets within the overall PMMA-based MALDI sample plate. Functionality is added to these microposts via the covalent attachment of enzymes. As an example of the applicability of these microfabricated sample plates, enzymatic digestion of ribonucleic acids was performed on probe (i.e., on the micropost) with subsequent analysis by MALDI-MS. Advantages to such an approach include a reduction in sample handling (and concomitant sample losses) and a reduction in the amount of sample required for analysis due to the small surface area of the microposts.
Comparison of responses of DNA topoisomerase I from Candida albicans and human cells to four new agents which stimulate topoisomerase-dependent DNA nicking (1996)

DNA topoisomerase I is a potential target for therapeutic antifungal agents predicted to have a fungicidal mode of action. This report describes four agents with varying degrees of selectivity for the fungal topoisomerase I compared to the human enzyme: 5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), quinizarin, dibenzo-p-dioxin-2-carboxylic acid and 7-amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid. Taken together with the response of topoisomerase to camptothecin and aminocatechol, these data suggest that there are sufficient structural differences between the topoisomerase I from Candida albicans and human cells to allow selective targeting of the fungal topoisomerase I over its human counterpart.
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 Null Mice Are Protected From Postprandial Triglyceridemia (2009)

These findings indicate that in addition to its effect on LDL-cholesterol, PCSK9 deficiency might protect against cardiovascular disease by reducing postprandial triglyceridemia.
On the tissue-specific processing of procholecystokinin in the brain and gut--a short review. (2003)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a major peptide hormone in the gut and a major peptide transmitter in the brain. Its synthesis requires endoproteolytic cleavage of proCCK at several mono- and dibasic sites by prohormone convertases (PCs). Of these, PC1 and PC2 are expressed in cerebral neurons and intestinal endocrine cells. Characteristically, however, the processing of proCCK varies markedly between the brain and the gut. In neurons, CCK-8 is always the predominating form, whereas the endocrine gut cells (I-cells) contain a mixture of small and larger CCK-peptides of which CCK-33 or CCK-22 often predominate. The role of PC1 and PC2 in the processing of proCCK have now been examined by measuring the concentrations of prohormone, processing intermediates and amidated end-products in jejunal and cerebral extracts of PC1 and PC2 deficient mice and corresponding wild type controls. The PC1 null mice revealed a pattern opposite to that of the PC2 null mice, in whom only the cerebral processing of proCCK was affected. Thus PC1 knockouts reveal a severe block in the processing of intestinal proCCK. Accordingly, the intestinal concentration of proCCK was many fold increased, and also the concentrations of different processing intermediates were raised; but the concentration of bioactive, alpha-amidated and O-sulfated CCK was reduced to a few percent of normal. The only bioactive CCK peptide in the gut of PC1 deficient mice was CCK-22, and it was present only in trace amounts. The cerebral processing of proCCK was, however, not at all affected by the lack of PC1 - in sharp contrast to the effect of PC2. The results show that the tissue-specific processing of proCCK to a large extent can be explained by prohormone convertases, as PC1 plays a decisive role in the maturation of hormonal CCK in the gut, whereas PC2 governs the processing of brain proCCK.
Universal number posit arithmetic generator on FPGA (2018)

Posit number system format includes a run-time varying exponent component, defined by a combination of regime-bit (with run-time varying length) and exponent-bit (with size of up to ES bits, the exponent size). This also leads to a run-time variation in its mantissa field size and position. This run-time variation in posit format poses a hardware design challenge. Being a recent development, posit lacks for its adequate hardware arithmetic architectures. Thus, this paper is aimed towards the posit arithmetic algorithmic development and their generic hardware generator. It is focused on basic posit arithmetic (floating-point to posit conversion, posit to floating point conversion, addition/subtraction and multiplication). These are also demonstrated on a FPGA platform. Target is to develop an open-source solution for generating basic posit arithmetic architectures with parameterized choices. This contribution would enable further exploration and evaluation of posit system.