gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MIXED ALLOGENEIC CHIMERISM ACHIEVED BY LETHAL AND NONLETHAL CONDITIONING APPROACHES INDUCES DONOR-SPECIFIC TOLERANCE TO SIMULTANEOUS ISLET ALLOGRAFTS (1995)

We previously reported that donor-specific, but not third party, skin allografts were permanently accepted if mixed allogeneic (B10+BR-->B10) reconstitution and skin graft placement were performed sequentially or simultaneously in lethally conditioned (950 cGy) recipients. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether a similar outcome would occur if islets were placed coincident with the time of bone marrow infusion and to establish the minimum dose of cytoreduction sufficient to achieve chimerism and tolerance for simultaneous islet allografts. B10 (H-2b) mice were rendered diabetic using streptozotocin. After sustained hyperglycemia (> 300 mg/dl), diabetic B10 mice were irradiated (950 cGy) and reconstituted with 5 x 10(6) T cell-depleted (TCD) B10 + 15 x 10(6) TCD B10.BR bone marrow cells. Islet allografts genetically matched or disparate to the bone marrow donor were placed under the renal capsule within 24 hr following infusion of bone marrow cells. All donor-specific B10.BR mouse (H-2k) islet allografts were permanently accepted (n = 8; MST > or = 173 days), while 7 of 9 MHC-disparate third-party BALB/c mouse (H-2d) islet grafts were rejected. The other 2 allografts remained functional over 200 days posttransplantation. We recently established a nonlethal conditioning strategy to achieve multilineage mixed chimerism. We applied this model to examine whether simultaneous islet grafts matched to the donor would be permanently accepted if the donor was incompletely myeloablated. Diabetes was induced in B10 mouse recipients. Animals with hyperglycemia were conditioned with 500 cGy of TBI followed by an infusion of 15 x 10(6) untreated B10.BR bone marrow cells. A simultaneous islet allograft matched or MHC-disparate to the bone marrow donor was performed the same day. Two days following bone marrow transplantation, a single dose of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) was injected via the intraperitoneal route. Islet allografts matched to the bone marrow donor were significantly prolonged (n = 9; MST > or 226 days) and showed no evidence for chronic rejection, while MHC-disparate grafts were rejected (n = 5; MST = 34 days). Animals that received islet grafts but no bone marrow also rejected their grafts with a similar time course. These data suggest that permanent donor-specific tolerance to islet allografts placed coincident with bone marrow transplantation can be achieved after lethal as well as incompletely myeloablative conditioning.
Effects of Cross-linking Type II Collagen-GAG Scaffolds on Chondrogenesis <i>In Vitro</i> : Dynamic Pore Reduction Promotes Cartilage Formation (2006)

Articular cartilage tissue-engineering investigations often implement bioassays for chondrogenesis in vitro using articular chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells in cell pellets that contract with time in culture, suggesting an association between the processes of contraction of the cell pellet and cartilage formation. The objective of the present study was to investigate this relationship further using adult canine articular chondrocyte-seeded type II collagen-GAG scaffolds. The collagen-GAG scaffolds were chemically cross-linked to achieve a range of cross-link densities. Chondrocyte-seeded scaffolds of varying cross-link densities were then cultured for 2 weeks to evaluate the effect of crosslink density on scaffold contraction and chondrogenesis. Scaffolds with low cross-link densities experienced cell-mediated contraction, increased cell number densities, a greater degree of chondrogenesis (viz., chondrocytic morphology of cells, synthesis of type II collagen), and an apparent increase in the rate of degradation of the scaffold compared to more highly cross-linked scaffolds that resisted cellular contraction. The results of this study suggest the promise of "dynamic pore reduction" for scaffolds for articular cartilage tissue engineering. In this approach, scaffolds would have an initial pore diameter large enough to facilitate cell seeding and a mechanical stiffness low enough to allow for cell-mediated contraction to yield a reduced pore volume to favor chondrogenesis. This approach may provide a useful alternative to traditional means of increasing cell number density and retention of synthesized molecules that promote cartilage formation in tissue-engineered constructs.
Base Number and Wetting Properties of Crude Oils (1993)

Summary Oil acid and base numbers influence wetting through their effect on electrostatic interactions with the mineral surface. An improved nonaqueous potentiometric titration has been developed that correctly quantifies weak bases in crude oils. In crude-oil/silica systems, wetting behavior correlates with base/acid ratio and is consistent with wetting theories based on disjoining pressure.
Genetic influences on cellular reactions to spinal cord injury: A wound‐healing response present in normal mice is impaired in mice carrying a mutation (WldS) that causes delayed Wallerian degeneration (1996)

Progressive tissue necrosis is a process unique to the injured mammalian spinal cord which often leads to gradually increasing cavitation and enlargement of the lesion. To evaluate the role of neuronal degeneration in initiating this response, histopathological changes were compared in C57BL and WldS (delayed Wallerian degeneration mutation) mice. The spinal cord was crushed at T8, producing a primary lesion at the site of the trauma and a secondary lesion extending rostrocaudally in the dorsal columns (where long ascending and descending fiber tracts undergo Wallerian degeneration). Cavitation was relatively mild at both sites and developed mainly at the margins of the lesions. In striking contrast to spinal cord injury in rats, progressive necrosis did not occur in mice; instead, the primary and secondary lesion sites became filled in by macrophages and fibroblasts embedded in a well-vascularized collagenous stroma. Quantitative image analysis revealed that the primary lesion decreased dramatically in size and cavitation between 2 and 3 weeks in C57BL, whereas in WldS the reduction in size and cavitation began later (at 4 weeks) and was less complete. The initial development of the secondary lesion began later and its healing was less complete in WldS than C57BL. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that neuronal damage, including Wallerian degeneration, triggers inflammatory responses leading to tissue repair. For this reason, any delay in neuronal degeneration, as in the WldS mutation, results in deficient tissue repair as reflected in the larger size of both primary and dorsal column lesions. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Phase II study of docetaxel in patients with relapsed or refractory malignant lymphoma (2003)

We report the activity and toxicity of docetaxel in 12 evaluable heavily pretreated patients with relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. In all, 42% achieved a partial response, 25% achieved stable disease. Median duration of response was 16 (10-21) weeks. The median overall survival was 70 (9-178) weeks and for responders it was 120 (22-178) weeks. One patient developed one episode of neutropenic sepsis. Docetaxel has limited activity in this group of patients.
Wireless multichannel biopotential recording using an integrated FM telemetry circuit (2005)

This paper presents a four-channel telemetric microsystem featuring on-chip alternating current amplification, direct current baseline stabilization, clock generation, time-division multiplexing, and wireless frequency-modulation transmission of microvolt- and millivolt-range input biopotentials in the very high frequency band of 94-98 MHz over a distance of approximately 0.5 m. It consists of a 4.84-mm2 integrated circuit, fabricated using a 1.5-microm double-poly double-metal n-well standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process, interfaced with only three off-chip components on a custom-designed printed-circuit board that measures 1.7 x 1.2 x 0.16 cm3, and weighs 1.1 g including two miniature 1.5-V batteries. We characterize the microsystem performance, operating in a truly wireless fashion in single-channel and multichannel operation modes, via extensive benchtop and in vitro tests in saline utilizing two different micromachined neural recording microelectrodes, while dissipating approximately 2.2 mW from a 3-V power supply. Moreover, we demonstrate successful wireless in vivo recording of spontaneous neural activity at 96.2 MHz from the auditory cortex of an awake marmoset monkey at several transmission distances ranging from 10 to 50 cm with signal-to-noise ratios in the range of 8.4-9.5 dB.
Contact mechanical model for winding nip (2001)

A winding simulation model predicting the internal stress state of a wound roll would provide an indispensable tool for the optimal selection of the winding parameters and, above all, a fast way to design new winding concepts - such as winding drum covers and winding geometry. Hence, the nip-induced stresses and nip-induced tension are of the outmost interest to the manufacturer of the winding apparatus. In this thesis, a rigorous contact mechanical model for the winding nip is presented. Under the assumptions of the linear elastic web and paper roll material and compliant winding drum, the indentation, stick and slip equations are derived. The wound-on-condition, a mathematical statement for the initially free sheet becoming finally a part of the roll, is presented. A variant of the Panagiotopoulos Process is introduced as a solution procedure and numerical results are presented. An invariant condition is derived and, hence, the number of independent winding parameters is reduced from three to two. In the numerical part of the thesis, the basic mechanism of the nip-induced tension is presented and the following items are studied: the influence of the winding force, the layer-to-layer friction coefficient, the wound roll and winding drum radius, drum cover compliancy and the elastic constants of paper on the nip-induced tension. The calculated results obtained are shown to comply well with the experiments and literature.
Development of high performance fiber -reinforced cement composites using twisted polygonal steel fibers. (2002)

The ultimate goal of this research is to develop high performance fiber reinforced cement composites (HPFRCCs) using a new type of deformed steel fibers with an optimized geometry, identified as twisted polygonal steel fibers or Torex fibers. The research is divided into three parts: evaluating the components of bond in Torex fibers, optimizing the composite response of cement composites reinforced with Torex fibers, and modeling the pullout load versus slip response of Torex fibers. The parameters investigated in the first part include the fiber geometry, embedded length, fiber strength, matrix strength, interfacial properties, and fiber inclination. When the proper combination of these parameters is used, Torex fibers exhibit a pseudo-plastic pullout load versus slip behavior, that is a high pullout load is maintained almost constant up to complete pullout. In the second part, cement composites reinforced with Torex fibers are investigated experimentally in tension and bending. Test parameters include fiber volume fraction, L/d<sub>e</sub> ratio and matrix compressive strength. The use of Torex fibers led to quasi-strain hardening and multiple cracking behavior, and induced a significantly higher strength and ductility in tension and bending than that of commercial steel fibers. The concept of hybridization with micro and macro fibers was also explored in this part of the study to further improve composite performance. Hybrid fiber reinforced composites presented improvement not only in tension and bending but in higher ductility and energy absorption capacity. A micromechanical model is developed in the third part to predict the pullout load versus slip response of Torex fibers embedded in a cement matrix. The total pullout load comprises two main components of bond: frictional bond (adhesion if any), and mechanical bond. However, both components of bond are modeled using the Coulomb's friction law, because mechanical bond is based on the concept of untwisting (thus sliding) torque distribution along the fiber developed during pullout. An extensive parametric analysis is carried out to better understand and optimize the components of bond in Torex fibers. Model predictions showed good agreement with the experimental data. In summary, this research contributes to the development of HPFRCCs with improved performance.
The sound dimension (1997)

Although the spotlight of virtual reality research has been on providing views of simulated scenes and objects, some researchers have chosen to study how to fool other senses: hearing, touch, and even smell, into perceiving what is not there. They have good reason: the virtual environments that are best at stimulating multiple senses are also best at evoking a feeling of presence and immersion. Next to sight, hearing is the sense on which people rely the most. So sounds, too, can play an extremely critical role in a distributed virtual environment (DVE). The virtual reality (VR) experience is more satisfying when sound adds to or reinforces other DVE information. The paper discusses the variety of sound in VR systems and considers the selection of software and hardware for these uses of audio in DVE systems.
Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of two-dimension-conjugated D–A copolymers based on benzodithiophene or benzodifuran units (2012)

A series of two-dimension-conjugated D–π–A copolymers based on benzodithiophene (BDT) or benzodifuran (BDF) as the donor unit, benzothiadiazole (BT) as the acceptor unit and thiophene as the π-bridge, were designed and synthesized for application as donor materials in polymer solar cells (PSCs). The polymers include PBDTT-BT based on BDT with a thiophene side chain, PBDTF-BT based on BDT with a furan side chain, PBDFT-BT based on BDF with a thiophene side chain and PBDFF-BT based on BDF with a furan side chain. The replacement of some of the thiophene rings in the donor unit with furan rings influences the UV-vis absorption spectra, electronic energy levels and band gaps of the copolymers. The HOMO levels of the copolymers based on BDF are ca. 0.1 eV up-shifted in comparison with that of the polymers based on BDT. While the furan side chain makes the LUMO level shift downwards a little. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs based on the polymers as the donor and [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the acceptor reached 1.85% for PBDTT-BT, 2.88% for PBDTF-BT, 4.42% for PBDFT-BT and 2.60% for PBDFF-BT. The results indicate that the replacement of thiophene rings by furan rings in the 2-D-conjugated BDT unit significantly influences the photovoltaic properties of the copolymers.
Formulation and characterization of transdermal patches for controlled delivery of duloxetine hydrochloride (2016)

Duloxetine hydrochloride is an antidepressant drug also approved for diabetic neuropathy, anxiety disorders, and fibromyalgia requiring repeated administration on chronic basis. The objective of this study was to develop a transdermal drug delivery system for duloxetine hydrochloride as a once daily dosage form. Transdermal patches were prepared by solvent evaporation method employing controlled release grades of HPMC in presence or absence of plasticizer PEG-400. FTIR and Differential scanning calorimetry ruled out drug polymer interactions. Standard procedures were used to analyze the prepared films for various physicochemical parameters, drug release (Franz diffusion cell) and skin irritation test. The formulations were uniform in their physical characteristics with low water vapor absorption, moisture loss and water vapor transmission implying excellent quality and uniformity in patch characteristics. The patches were devoid of hypersensitivity reactions on rat skin. The in-vitro and ex-vivo drug release studies for all the formulations showed that the first dose of the drug was released in 2.0-3.0 h and nearly complete release (94%) was achieved in 24 h. Transdermal patches were successfully prepared for duloxetine hydrochloride and their evaluation suggested excellent quality and uniformity in patch characteristics. This can have potential applications in therapeutic arena offering advantages in terms of reduced dosing frequency, improved patient compliance and bioavailability.
A statistical model for risk management of electric outage forecasts (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Risk management of power outages caused by severe weather events, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and thunderstorms, plays an important role in electric utility distribution operations. Damage prediction based on weather forecasts on an appropriate spatial scale can improve the efficiency of risk management by reducing the economic and societal costs associated with restoration efforts. We have developed a method of predicting the number of outages in a fashion that is suitable for use by electric utilities by using a Poisson regression model for spatial data in a Bayesian hierarchical framework. Particular attention is given to building models that incorporate uncertainty in the outage data from the perspective of multiple spatial resolutions and spatial correlation in the outage data. The outage-prediction model was developed using historical outage data from an electric utility company in the northeastern part of the United States. The model is being used by that company in the operations of its overhead electrical distribution system and emergency management operations. We discuss results to date and how the model is being applied. In addition to the damage forecasts, we have developed tools for risk visualization by displaying the uncertainty of the damage forecasts on geographic maps. </para>
Humeral Retrotorsion and Glenohumeral Relationship in the Normal Shoulder and in Recurrent Anterior Dislocation (Scapulometry) (1983)

The authors' roentgenographic technique provides precise assessment of the glenohumeral relationship on the basis of two-plane examination. A group of 50 normal male subjects serve as the basis for determining normal values for the following angles or lines: projected and corrected cephalodiaphyseal angle, projected and corrected humeral retrotorsion, glenoid inclination, angle of attack, glenoid retroversion, dimension of glenoid, width of humeral head, and contact index. Two groups of patients suffering from recurrent anterior dislocation (RAD) are compared with the normal group. The shoulders with RAD do not differ significantly from the normal ones. Humeral retrotorsion, in particular, is identical. Significant differences are found between affected and unaffected sides in unilateral RAD. The diameter of the glenoid and the contact index are smaller on the dislocated side. Because the projected values seldom differ by more than 10 degrees from the calculated values, if the authors' roentgenographic technique is used, the figures can generally be accepted without correction.
An online secretary framework for fog network formation with minimal latency (2017)

Fog computing is seen as a promising approach to perform distributed, low-latency computation for supporting Internet of Things applications. However, due to the unpredictable arrival of available neighboring fog nodes, the dynamic formation of a fog network can be challenging. In essence, a given fog node must smartly select the set of neighboring fog nodes that can provide low-latency computations. In this paper, this problem of fog network formation and task distribution is studied considering a hybrid cloud-fog architecture. The goal of the proposed framework is to minimize the maximum computational latency by enabling a given fog node to form a suitable fog network, under uncertainty on the arrival process of neighboring fog nodes. To solve this problem, a novel approach based on the online secretary framework is proposed. To find the desired set of neighboring fog nodes, an online algorithm is developed to enable a task initiating fog node to decide on which other nodes can be used as part of its fog network, to offload computational tasks, without knowing any prior information on the future arrivals of those other nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed online algorithm can successfully select an optimal set of neighboring fog nodes while achieving a latency that is as small as the one resulting from an ideal, offline scheme that has complete knowledge of the system. The results also show how, using the proposed approach, the computational tasks can be properly distributed between the fog network and a remote cloud server.
The road to 2050 - sustainable development for the 21st century (2006)

By envisioning the world of 2050, critical choices can be pinpointed, that will need to be made now if the vision of a wealthier, more equitable, more sustainable world is to be achieved. The report identifies several dimensions to the challenge. The first is achieving better management of natural resources-this is a particular concern in low income countries, which are highly dependent on these resources. Stronger governance is an essential ingredient, cutting across all development domains. Social development is key - cohesive, inclusive, accountable institutions build stronger societies and minimize social conflict. Feeding nine billion people while reducing pressures on other natural resources will require a major boost to agricultural productivity and competitiveness. Climate change will pose additional risks in all these domains - environmental, social, and agricultural - and will require major changes in global governance. Looking forward, the report sees a growing need for global issues management. Whether the issue is climate change, emerging infectious diseases, failed states or loss of biodiversity, it is clear there is a growing list of problems that do not stop at national borders. International institutions such as the Bank need to bridge the gap between global priorities and national and local perspectives - they are mutually dependent. The optimistic vision of 2050 is achievable, but only if governments, civil society, business, and the development community work together, building action-oriented coalitions that can make a real difference.