gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the 3ω method and time-domain thermoreflectance for measurements of the cross-plane thermal conductivity of epitaxial semiconductors (2009)

The 3ω technique and time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) are two experimental methods capable of measuring the cross-plane thermal conductivity of thin films. We compare the cross-plane thermal conductivity measured by the 3ω method and TDTR on epitaxial (In0.52Al0.48)x(In0.53Ga0.47)1−xAs alloy layers with embedded ErAs nanoparticles. Thermal conductivities measured by TDTR at low modulation frequencies (∼1 MHz) are typically in good agreement with thermal conductivities measured by the 3ω method. We discuss the accuracy and limitations of both methods and provide guidelines for estimating uncertainties for each approach.
Incremental pay thickness modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirs (1990)

Abstract The one-dimensional convolution model or synthetic seismogram provides more information about the seismic waveform expression of hydrocarbon reservoirs when petrophysical data (porosity, shale volume, water saturation, etc.) are systematically integrated into the seismogram generation process. Use of this modeling technique, herein called Incremental Pay Thickness (IPT) modeling, has provided valuable insights concerning the seismic response of several offshore Gulf of Mexico amplitude anomalies. Through integration of the petrophysical data, comparisons between seismic waveform response and expected reservoir pay thickness are extended to include estimates of gross pay thickness, net pay thickness, net porosity feet of pay, and hydrocarbons in place.These 1-D synthetic data easily convert to 2-D displays that often show exceptional waveform correlations between the synthetic and actual seismic data. Anomalous observed waveform responses include complex tuning curves; diagnostic isochron measurements even in unresolved thin-bed reservoirs; and extreme variations in the seismic expression of hydrocarbon-fluid contacts. While IPT modeling examples illustrate both the variability and nonuniqueness of seismic responses to hydrocarbon reservoirs, they often show good seismic predictability of pay thickness if the appropriate choice of amplitude-isochron versus pay thickness is made (i.e., peak amplitude, trough amplitude, or average amplitude versus gross pay thickness, net pay thickness, net porosity feet of pay, or hydrocarbons in place).
The Transporter Classification (TC) System, 2002 (2002)

The Transporter Classification (TC) system is a functional/phylogenetic system designed for the classification of all transmembrane transport proteins found in living organisms on Earth. It parallels but differs from the strictly functional EC system developed decades ago by the Enzyme Commission of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) for the classification of enzymes. Recently, the TC system has been adopted by the IUBMB as the internationally acclaimed system for the classification of transporters. Here we present the characteristics of the nearly 400 families of transport systems included in the TC system and provide statistical analyses of these families and their constituent proteins. Specifically, we analyze the transporter types for size and topological differences and analyze the families for the numbers and organismal sources of their constituent members. We show that channels and carriers exhibit distinctive structural and topological features. Bacterial-specific families outnumber eukaryotic-specific families about 2 to 1, while ubiquitous families, found in all three domains of life, are about half as numerous as eukaryotic-specific families. The results argue against appreciable horizontal transfer of genes encoding transporters between the three domains of life over the last 2 billion years.
Distribution of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary gland of larval, metamorphic, and adult sea lampreys, <i>Petromyzon marinus</i> (1994)

Lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone was demonstrated in the brains of larval, metamorphic, and adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, using an immunoperoxidase technique. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone was observed in the neurohypophysis and preoptic area of the brain of larval, metamorphic, juvenile, and prespawning adults. The occurrence of immunoreactive cells and the intensity of the immunostaining was lowest in larvae, but by stage 5 of metamorphosis there was a marked increase in the prevalence and staining of these cells, which continued into adults. In larvae and lampreys in metamorphic stages 1–4, most immunoreactive fibres were confined to the dorsal region of the neurohypophysis. During stage 5 there was an expansion of immunopositive fibres into the ventral portion of the neurohypophysis. Prominent immunoreactivity was observed throughout the neurohypophysis from stage 5 onward through the adult stages. Changes in immunoreactivity of these cells and fibres in the brain and neurohypophysis correlate well with increased concentrations of hormone in the brain during development and with the timing of presumed changes in activity of cells in the adenohypophysis during metamorphosis.
Specificity of the FTA-ABS test for syphilis (1969)

In this evaluation of the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test, special emphasis is placed on its specificity as opposed to sensitivity. Among a total of 827 persons tested, there were five with a reactive FTAABS test confirmed by the Control Laboratory, and a non-reactive<i>Treponema pallidum</i>immobilization test accompanied by no clinical or historical evidence of syphilis. These five persons represent 0.6% of the total tested and 1.4% of those with a reactive FTA-ABS test. Three of these patients had diseases in which abnormal globulins frequently are found—rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to lymphosarcoma, and alcoholic cirrhosis; two had no recorded evidence of disease. All were more than 50 years of age. Whether these cases represent old syphilis or false positive reactions to the FTA-ABS test is problematical.
Operating characteristics of a transverse-flow DF-carbon dioxide purely chemical laser (1970)

Experimental results are presented giving the operating characteristics of a newly developed DF-CO/sub 2/ purely chemical laser. The present oscillator is capable of a maximum cw output power of 162 W at 10.6 ..mu.. with no external energy source used to initiate or sustain laser excitation. An optical axis has been employed aligned transverse to the flow direction with a view toward achieving operation which can be directly scaled to high output powers. Measurements of saturation parameter, unsaturated gain coefficients, and vibration-rotation state populations for P- and R-branch CO/sub 2/ transitions, power output, operating temperatures and pressures, and chemical efficiency are presented.
A memory access system for merged memory with logic LSIs (2003)

This paper proposes a new memory access control scheme called delayed precharge scheme, to improve the performance of on-chip DRAM's by increasing the DRAM page hit ratio for multiple block accesses. This architecture shows higher performance than the hierarchical multi-bank architecture as well as the conventional bank architecture by execution-driven simulation. The proposed scheme could reduce the cache refill time and CPI obtained by the conventional DRAM by 26.9% and 6.2% respectively in typical applications.
Monitoring the expression profiles of 7000 <i>Arabidopsis</i> genes under drought, cold and high‐salinity stresses using a full‐length cDNA microarray (2002)

Full-length cDNAs are essential for functional analysis of plant genes in the post-sequencing era of the Arabidopsis genome. Recently, cDNA microarray analysis has been developed for quantitative analysis of global and simultaneous analysis of expression profiles. We have prepared a full-length cDNA microarray containing approximately 7000 independent, full-length cDNA groups to analyse the expression profiles of genes under drought, cold (low temperature) and high-salinity stress conditions over time. The transcripts of 53, 277 and 194 genes increased after cold, drought and high-salinity treatments, respectively, more than fivefold compared with the control genes. We also identified many highly drought-, cold- or high-salinity- stress-inducible genes. However, we observed strong relationships in the expression of these stress-responsive genes based on Venn diagram analysis, and found 22 stress-inducible genes that responded to all three stresses. Several gene groups showing different expression profiles were identified by analysis of their expression patterns during stress-responsive gene induction. The cold-inducible genes were classified into at least two gene groups from their expression profiles. DREB1A was included in a group whose expression peaked at 2 h after cold treatment. Among the drought, cold or high-salinity stress-inducible genes identified, we found 40 transcription factor genes (corresponding to approximately 11% of all stress-inducible genes identified), suggesting that various transcriptional regulatory mechanisms function in the drought, cold or high-salinity stress signal transduction pathways.
Non-image plane analysis (1992)

The general procedure of the analysis is to bring the reconstructed image in focus at the final observation plane. This mode of analysis is very common. However, particularly in the in-line method, there are proposals to perform the analysis at other planes. These are: the recording plane (hologram) itself, the misfocused image plane, and certain transform (Fourier) planes. These approaches have advantages in particular situations. In this chapter, these techniques of non-image plane analysis are discussed. Non-image plane analysis techniques have applications in velocimetry also. Those methods are dicussed in Chapter 10.
Socially Aware Caching Strategy in Device-to-Device Communication Networks (2018)

As a response to the challenge of data traffic explosion in wireless networks, content caching in device-to-device (D2D) communication networks has emerged as a promising solution. However, in practical deployment, D2D content caching has its own problems. In particular, not all of the user devices are willing to share the content with others due to numerous concerns, such as security, battery life, and social relationship. In this paper, we consider the factor of social relationship in the deployment of D2D content caching. First, we apply stochastic geometry theory to derive an analytical expression of downloading performance for the D2D caching network. Specifically, a social relationship model with respect to the physical distance is adopted in our analysis to obtain the average download delay performance using random and deterministic caching strategies. Second, to achieve a better performance in more practical and specific scenarios, we develop a socially aware distributed caching strategy based on a decentralized learning automaton, to optimize the cache placement operation in D2D networks. Different from the existing caching schemes, the proposed algorithm not only considers the file request probability and the closeness of devices as measured by their physical distance but also takes into account the social relationship between D2D users. Our simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can converge quickly and outperforms the random and deterministic caching strategies. With these results, our work sheds insights on the design of D2D caching in the practical deployment of 5G networks.
Towards an Autonomous Global Ocean Carbon Observatory (2007)

Ocean acidification and circulation changes brought by increasing atmospheric CO2 will have profound but unpredictable impacts on the natural ocean biological carbon pump, a process that naturally transports ~10 Pg C y-1 to waters below 100 m. The stability of the pump is in question. Prediction of future changes in the ocean carbon cycle requires cost-effective all-weather all-season observations of biotic carbon flows on appropriate time and space scales. This presentation describes work to close the space/time gap in observations of biologically driven ocean carbon cycle processes. The ARGO program with 1000&apos;s of low-cost Lagrangian profiling floats operating at sea is providing sea-truth for simulations and forecasts of the climate state of the ocean. We have adapted floats for carbon observations. Since 2001, a dozen low-cost long-lived robotic Carbon Explorers (CE, optics and telemetry enhanced ARGO floats) have been deployed return real-time information on the daily variation of particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration and systematic changes in POC sedimentation to kilometer depths in the ocean (Bishop et al., 2002, 2004). 7 years of data now exist from the worlds most remote and stormy locations. A sensor for particulate inorganic carbon (PIC; Bishop
Rapid and efficient removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous media using cysteine‐modified polymer nanowires (2009)

Abstract We report the development of a novel, simple, and highly effective polymeric material with nanoscale dimensions for use in removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous media. The nanomaterial was ∼ 200 nm in diameter and several microns long and was fabricated in the form of nanowires via template‐directed electrochemical polymerization. The nanowires were covalently modified by cysteine, a nonessential amino acid with very high binding constants for selected toxic heavy metal ions, such as, As 3+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Cu 2+ . We demonstrated rapid and efficient removal of As 3+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Cu 2+ ions from natural water samples. The arsenic removal capacity was found to be ∼ 160 mg As 3+ per gram of the material, a substantially greater removal capacity than other materials reported to date. The removal capacity of other heavy metals ions was also rapid and effective, their concentrations becoming undetectable in a matter of minutes after treatment with the nanowires. These nanowires have demonstrated potential that could lead to a low cost, novel, and highly effective technique for use in treatment of drinking water and for other environmental remediation purposes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
HNF1 Activates Transcription of the Human Gene for Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 (1993)

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is expressed primarily in the liver, kidney, and uterus. Basal IGFBP-1 promoter activity in human HEP G2 hepatoma cells is dependent upon a proximal promoter element that binds hepatic nuclear factor 1 (HNF1), a protein that is likely to be an important factor regulating the expression of many genes in liver and kidney. To test whether HNF1 activates IGFBP-1 transcription, HEP G2 cells and HeLa cells were cotransfected transiently with HNF1 expression vectors and with IGFBP-1 promoter/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene constructs. HNF1 increased IGFBP-1 promoter activity in both HEP G2 and HeLa cells. Gel mobility-shift assays and additional transfections in HeLa cells showed that expressed full-length and carboxy-terminal truncated forms of HNF1 could each bind the HNF1 cis element of the IGFBP-1 promoter; however, significant trans-activation only occurred in the presence of the full-length HNF1 protein, similar to past experience with these two HNF1 forms and the albumin promoter. Further studies showed that IGFBP-1 promoter constructs containing mutations with high or low affinity for HNF1 responded to HNF1 expression with increased or decreased activity, respectively, relative to the native promoter. These studies suggest that HNF1 and/or related proteins play a role in hepatic, and perhaps also renal, expression of IGFBP-1.
Bone colonization of β–TCP granules incorporated in brushite cements (2002)

Injectable calcium phosphate hydraulic cements are known to have a high clinical potential in bone reconstruction for mini-invasive orthopaedic surgery, interventional radiology, and rheumatology. Previous in vivo experiments in rabbit have shown that the presence of beta-TCP granules in injectable bone cement help maintain the transient biomechanical function of the implanted bone and promote the formation of good-quality new bone. Histomorphometric analysis of two brushite hydraulic cement (BHC) mixtures selected from previous results (referred to in this work as BHC-A and BHC-B) was performed at three postoperative delays (0, 12, and 24 weeks): histomorphometric analysis of bone colonization within beta-TCP shows that, just before implantation, the beta-TCP granule area is significantly higher in BHC-B; the residual granule area decreases steadily over time in BHC-A, whereas it goes through a maximum of 30% at 12 weeks in BHC-B; the residual granule porosity increases steadily up to 35% in BHC-A, whereas it goes through a maximum of 35% at 12 weeks and decreases somewhat until 24 weeks in BHC-B. New bone formation within granules appears higher in BHC-A (58% Area) compared to BHC-B (38% area) at 12 weeks. At 24 weeks bone colonization levels off in both cements at about 50% area. Irrespective of the cement matrix composition, beta-TCP granules contribute actively to the conduction of new bone formation.
Biology and Behavior (1993)

This article provides a broad overview of an exploratory thesis designed to enhance an understanding of perturbations and rigidities of psychological functioning--a set-point hypothesis of psychological functioning. Historical precedents and parallels with Keesey's set-point theory of obesity are offered. Basic tenets of the hypothesis are detailed, and relevance to clinical behavioral theory is outlined. It is concluded that the set-point hypothesis may provide a framework for conceptualizing clinical cases and optimizing interventions. The thesis appears to be testable; however, the articulation of specific methodologies and research designs must be undertaken before the ultimate usefulness of the set-point hypothesis can be determined.
Space-time filtering with suppression of asynchronous co-channel interference (2002)

The problem of suppression of asynchronous co-channel interference (CCI) is classified as a "threshold" problem where even a small amount of additional information about the part of the CCI without overlapping with the training sequence of the desired signal can significantly improve the performance. A training-like extension of the training sequence can be applied in this kind of problem. The known structure of a timeslot is exploited to select the appropriate positions of information symbols which can be used as the training-like ones. The estimation algorithms based on the training-like approach are proposed. The efficiency is demonstrated by means of simulations in a GSM system.
<title>Controls for unstable structures</title> (1997)

We study the behavior of several organizations for a market based distributed control of unstable physical systems and show how a hierarchical organization is a reasonable compromise between rapid local responses with simple communication and the use of global knowledge. We also introduce a new control organization, the multihierarchy, and show that is uses less power than a hierarchy in achieving stability. The multihierarchy also has a position invariant response that can control disturbances at the appropriate scale and location.
Starch Nanocrystals with Large Chain Surface Modifications (2006)

Nanoscale monocrystalline starch particles were successfully modified using stearic acid chloride and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether. Surface modification was confirmed using FTIR, XPS spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. X-ray diffraction and DSC analysis confirmed that there was no alteration of the starch crystalline structure due to the surface modification. The grafts at the starch surface were also found to crystallize on the surface. TEM showed the individualization of nanoparticles as a result of the reduction of polar and hydrogen bonding forces. These results show our ability to modify the starch nanocrystal surface with plasticizing chains. Modified nanoparticles can find applications as compatibilized polymer additives, surface-active particles, and co-continuous nanocomposite precursors.
Agent-based virtual enterprise modeling and operation control (2002)

We propose an agent-based virtual enterprise model and provide the agent collaboration mechanisms under the model, thereby achieving agent-based virtual enterprise modeling and operation control. We establish a network of distributed activity agents and resource agents for each member enterprise, collaborations among which can deal with activity precedence arrangements and activity-resource assignments in each sub-business-process. Then, we model each member enterprise in the virtual enterprise as an agent. Collaborations among member enterprise agents can deal with activity coordination and resource sharing among various sub-business-processes. Thus, our agent-based approach achieves distributed control over the whole business process execution of the virtual enterprise.
Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Stimulate Memory But Not Naive CD8+ T Cells to Differentiate into CTL Retaining an Early Activation Phenotype (2000)

Endothelial cell (EC)-selective alloreactive CTL may mediate alloimmune vascular injury. In the present study, EC-selective CTL were generated in cocultures of purified human CD8+ T cells with allogeneic EC and were compared with conventional CTL against corresponding B lymphoblastoid cells (BLC). EC caused activation and expansion of memory but not naive CD8+ T cells, which differentiated into EC-selective CTL that retained high surface expression of CD69, CD25, and CD62L and displayed low intracellular perforin content. In contrast, BLC-stimulated CTL could be generated from naive or memory CD8+ T cells and showed a more mature phenotype (low CD69, CD25, and CD62L with higher levels of perforin). The expansion of alloreactive T cells by EC stimulation was 5- to 20-fold less effective than in corresponding BLC-stimulated cultures, accounting for a reduction in the assayable cytotoxicity of individual microcultures. In these IL-2-supplemented cocultures, no effect on CTL generation or phenotype was observed by mAb blocking of costimulation provided by LFA-3, ICAM-1, or CD40, by addition of comitogenic anti-CD28 mAb, or by preactivation of EC with CD40 ligand. Cyclosporine inhibited CTL expansion and cytotoxicity similarly in both EC- and BLC-stimulated cultures but did not affect the phenotype of those CTL that did emerge. This study extends the characterization of endothelium as an immunoregulatory cell type distinct from conventional APC and may explain why graft rejection within the arterial intima, an anatomic compartment in which EC may be the primary type of APC, is separable from rejection in the graft parenchyma.