gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Immunoglobulin Superfamily Members ICAM-1, -2, -3, and the β2 Integrin LFA-1 in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions (1996)

To identify potential molecular substrates for leukocyte trafficking and activation in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain, we determined the immunocytochemical distribution of the beta, integrin lymphocyte-function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and its major ligands, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-2, and ICAM-3 in MS tissue. Colocalization of these adhesion molecules with lineage-specific markers was analyzed by dual-labeling immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 were detected on endothelial cells, and ICAM-3 immunoreactivity was restricted to infiltrating leukocytes. In control brain, 10% of glucose transporter-1 positive vessels contained ICAM-1 immunoreactivity on their luminal surface and 21% were ICAM-2-positive. A significant increase in ICAM-1-positive vessels was found in MS brains. This increase was greater in MS lesions (81% of vessels) than in nonlesion areas (37% of vessels). A significant increase in ICAM-1-positive vessels was found in encephalitis (55% of vessels) but not in Parkinson's (17% of vessels) brains. The percentage of vessels expressing ICAM-2 was not increased in MS, encephalitis, or Parkinson's brains. Both ICAM-3 and LFA-1 were detected on the vast majority of infiltrating lymphocytes and monocytes in and near MS lesions, and these cells were often closely apposed to each other. In addition, LFA-1 was detected on activated microglia located close to the edge of demyelinating lesions. ICAM-3-positive leukocytes were often closely apposed to LFA-1-positive microglia. These results suggest a role for ICAM-1, -2, and LFA-1 in the transendothelial migration of leukocytes into MS brain and a role for ICAM 3/LFA-1 interactions in the activation of lymphocytes, monocytes, and microglia in MS lesions.
Folate analogs altered in the C9-N10 bridge region. 16. Synthesis and antifolate activity of 11-thiohomoaminopterin (1980)

The synthesis of 11-thiohomoaminopterin (1), which is a close analogue of 11-thiohomofolic acid (2), has been carried out by modification of the Boon-Leigh procedure. Treatment of 1-chloro-4-[p-(carbomethoxy)thiopenoxy]-2-butanone (5) with sodium azide gave 1-azido-4-[p-(carbomethoxy)thiophenoxy]-2-butanone (6). After protection of the carbonyl group of 6, the product 7 was catalytically hydrogenated to 1-amino-4-[p-(carbomethoxy)thiophenoxy]-2-butanone ketal (3). Reaction of 32 with 6-chloro-2,4-diaminmo-5-nitropyrimidine gave the desired pyrimidine intermediate, which was elaborated to 4-amino-4-deoxy-11-thiohomopteroic acid (20) by standard procedures. Alternately, 1-azido-4-[p-(carbomethoxy)thiophenoxy]-2-butanone ketal (7) was hydrolyzed to the corresponding acid (8) and coupled with diethyl L-glutamate to obtain diethyl N-[p-(1-azido-2-oxo-4-thiobutanoyl)benzoyl]-L-glutamate ketal (10), which was used for the large-scale preparation of 11-thiohomoaminopterin (1). Although 11-thiohomoaminopterin showed antifolate activity against two folate-requiring microorganisms and inhibited Lactobacillus casei dihydrogolate reductase, it did not exhibit any antitumor activity against L-1210 lymphoid leukemia in mice at a maximum dose of 48 mg/kg.
Some Electrical Properties of a Nuclear Membrane Examined with a Microelectrode (1963)

Electrical potential and resistance were measured with microelectrodes in in situ and isolated nuclei of gland cells of Drosophila flavorepleta. The nucleus-cytoplasm boundary was found to be rather impermeable to ion diffusion. It presents a resistance of the order of 1 ohm cm(2) and sustains a "resting" potential, the nucleoplasm being about 15 mv negative with respect to the cytoplasm. Both the resistance and potential appear to be associated with the nuclear membrane: the potential declines to zero and the resistance to a fraction of its original value, when the membrane is perforated experimentally.
Characterization of strain in Si1−xGex films using multiple angle of incidence ellipsometry (2000)

In this letter we characterize strain in Si1−xGex based heterojunction bipolar transistors and modulation doped field effect transistors grown by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition exploiting the phenomenon of strain-induced birefringence. The technique used is multiple angle of incidence ellipsometry at a wavelength of 670 nm to measure the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices of the Si1−xGex films. We report measurements on thin fully strained films (with thicknesses less than the critical thickness) with Ge concentration varying from 9% to 40% with an accuracy of the order of 1 part in 104 and propose an empirical relation between the difference in the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices (δn) and the Ge concentration (x) given by δn(x)=0.18x−0.12x2.
Preventing microbial biofilms on catheter tubes using ultrasonic guided waves (2017)

Biofilms on indwelling tubes and medical prosthetic devices are among the leading causes of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. In this work, a new anti-biofilm catheter prototype was proposed. By combining an endotracheal tube (ET) with a group of ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) transducers, the general idea was to prevent bacteria aggregation with UGW vibrations. Based on quantitative analysis of UGW propagation, detailed approach was achieved through (a) selection of ultrasonic frequency, wave modes and vibration amplitude; and (b) adoption of wave coupling and 45° wave incidence technique. Performance of the proposed UGW-ET prototype was demonstrated via in vitro experiments, during which it deterred deposition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) biofilms successfully. With current configuration, UGW amplitudes ranged from 0.05-5 nm could be optimal to achieve biofilm prevention. This work sheds a light in the underlying mechanism of ultrasound-mediated biofilm prevention, and will inspire the development of new catheters of better antibacterial capability.
Recent Research on Polyphenolics in Vision and Eye Health (2010)

A long-standing yet controversial bioactivity attributed to polyphenols is their beneficial effects in vision. Although anecdotal case reports and in vitro research studies provide evidence for the visual benefits of anthocyanin-rich berries, rigorous clinical evidence of their benefits is still lacking. Recent in vitro studies demonstrate that anthocyanins and other flavonoids interact directly with rhodopsin and modulate visual pigment function. Additional in vitro studies show flavonoids protect a variety of retinal cell types from oxidative stress-induced cell death, a neuroprotective property of significance because the retina has the highest metabolic rate of any tissue and is particularly vulnerable to oxidative injury. However, more information is needed on the bioactivity of in vivo conjugates and the accumulation of flavonoids in ocular tissues. The direct and indirect costs of age-related vision impairment provide a powerful incentive to explore the potential for improved vision health through the intake of dietary polyphenolics.
Contact-bonded epoxy-resin lenses to fibre endfaces (1975)

A method of contact-bonding lenses to fibre endfaces is outlined. The lenses are of the same diameter as the fibre. Contact bonding reduces the adjustment effort compared with that required for independent lenses. Measurements performed on fibres with contact-bonding lenses using a GaAs laser diode as a light source showed a clear increase in coupling efficiency for the launching of light into the fibre.
The hydrofluorocarbon 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) as a ready source of trifluorovinyllithium (1996)

Trifluorovinyllithium has been synthesised in high yield from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC 134a) by treatment with butyllithium at –78 °C, and then treated with a variety of electrophiles in one-pot reactions.
Building a reusable test collection for question answering (2006)

Abstract In contrast to traditional information retrieval systems, which return ranked lists of documents that users must manually browse through, a question answering system attempts to directly answer natural language questions posed by the user. Although such systems possess language‐processing capabilities, they still rely on traditional document retrieval techniques to generate an initial candidate set of documents. In this article, the authors argue that document retrieval for question answering represents a task different from retrieving documents in response to more general retrospective information needs. Thus, to guide future system development, specialized question answering test collections must be constructed. They show that the current evaluation resources have major shortcomings; to remedy the situation, they have manually created a small, reusable question answering test collection for research purposes. In this article they describe their methodology for building this test collection and discuss issues they encountered regarding the notion of “answer correctness.”
An autonomous surveillance and security robot team (2007)

The motivation of this paper is to set up a surveillance and security robot team (SSRT, three autonomous mobile robots and a surveillance and security control (SSC) center. The SSC center communicates with clients via the Internet which can assign patrol scheduler for each robot. The SSRT shares the environmental information among team members through a wireless communication network. The architecture of the SSRT can be divided into two parts. The first one is sensory feedback park. Each surveillance and security robot (SSR) can transmit and receive useful some data, for example, the electric energy residue and the result of patrol, to SSC center via the internet. The other one is mission assignment. The SSC center sorts out the priority of each SSR for the mission execution and assigns each SSR a suitable mission, for example, if any unusual event happens, the SSR will alarm and send the pictures to the SSC center, and then the center will announce the robot employer and assign the optimal patrol role for every robot. The most suitable robot will go to support the incident area, while the other robots will evacuate people to decrease any possible damage. A fuzzy logic decision algorithm is adopted to find the optimal path for each robot to reach the incident location. By combining RFID data with the vision system to recognize the bar-code characteristics in the environment, the self-localization and the patrol routine for each robot can be accomplished. Each robot possesses the auto-recharge function which can recharge itself automatically. Finally, real-time experiments are executed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Combination of Alphavirus Replicon Particle–Based Vaccination with Immunomodulatory Antibodies: Therapeutic Activity in the B16 Melanoma Mouse Model and Immune Correlates (2014)

Induction of potent immune responses to self-antigens remains a major challenge in tumor immunology. We have shown that a vaccine based on alphavirus replicon particles (VRP) activates strong cellular and humoral immunity to tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP2) melanoma antigen, providing prophylactic and therapeutic effects in stringent mouse models. Here, we report that the immunogenicity and efficacy of this vaccine is increased in combination with either antagonist anti-CTL antigen-4 (CTLA-4) or agonist anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNF family-related gene (GITR) immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In the challenging therapeutic setting, VRP-TRP2 plus anti-GITR or anti-CTLA-4 mAb induced complete tumor regression in 90% and 50% of mice, respectively. These mAbs had similar adjuvant effects in priming an adaptive immune response against the vaccine-encoded antigen, augmenting, respectively, approximately 4- and 2-fold the TRP2-specific CD8(+) T-cell response and circulating Abs, compared with the vaccine alone. Furthermore, while both mAbs increased the frequency of tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells, anti-CTLA-4 mAb also increased the quantity of intratumor CD4(+)Foxp3(-) T cells expressing the negative costimulatory molecule programmed death-1 (PD-1). Concurrent GITR expression on these cells suggests that they might be controlled by anti-GITR mAbs, thus potentially explaining their differential accumulation under the two treatment conditions. These findings indicate that combining immunomodulatory mAbs with alphavirus-based anticancer vaccines can provide therapeutic antitumor immune responses in a stringent mouse model, suggesting potential utility in clinical trials. They also indicate that tumor-infiltrating CD4(+)Foxp3(-)PD-1(+) T cells may affect the outcome of immunomodulatory treatments.
A novel memory bus driver/receiver architecture for higher throughput (2002)

A high-speed memory bus interface which enables greater throughput for data reads and writes is described in this paper. Current mode CMOS logic synthesis methods are used to implement multi-valued logic (MVL) functions to create a high bandwidth bus. First, a fundamental bi-directional data bus for multiple logic levels is presented. Then a bi-directional data bus with impedance matching terminators is presented. Finally a novel Adaptive Multi-Level Simultaneous bi-directional Transceiver (AMLST) bus structure for cache or main memory is proposed. The proposed bus can balance the memory channel bandwidth with the instruction execution rate of modern processors. Despite the problems encountered in implementing complete systems with MVL circuits, among which are circuit speed and design automation support, there is great potential in the future for this approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photoluminescent Properties of New Ceramidine Derivatives. (2012)

Abstract The UV and photoluminescent properties of the compounds (V), (VIII), and (XI) are investigated in CH 2 Cl 2 .
MRI Safety Update 2008: Part 2, Screening Patients for MRI (2008)

To prevent incidents and accidents associated with MRI, it is necessary to regularly revisit the safety topics that directly impact patient management especially with respect to the subjects that are "new," those that should be reassessed because of recent changes, topics that deserve emphasis because of controversy or confusion, and information that should be considered in light of new findings.
Enhanced polymer one‐step staining (EPOS) for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki‐67 antigen: Application to intra‐operative frozen diagnosis (1995)

Enhanced polymer one-step staining (EPOS) is a novel, highly sensitive one-step immunostaining method. This simple and rapid technique was applied to intra-operative frozen diagnosis. The markers of choice were proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 antigen. These cell proliferation markers were both identifiable in fresh frozen sections of the human tonsil in approximately 7 min. The suitable staining sequences are as follows. Frozen sections prepared using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane-coated glass slides are immediately fixed, without air drying, for 15 s in a mixture of 50% formalin and 50% methanol for PCNA, and in 10% formalin for Ki-67 antigen. After a brief rinse in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sections are incubated with the EPOS antibody for 3 min, followed by PBS rinse for 1 min. The peroxidase activity is visualized in diaminobenzidine-H2O2 solution containing 10 mmol/L imidazole for 2 min. After a light rinse in tap water, the nuclei are briefly counterstained with 5% methyl green. When necessary, endogenous peroxidase blockage in 1% periodic acid solution for 1 min is added before the EPOS antibody incubation. This procedure is applicable to frozen sections of gastric cancers, malignant lymphomas, and brain, liver and peritoneal lesions in which differential diagnosis between benignancy and malignancy was required.
Demonstration of an idiotypic antigen on a monoclonal cold agglutinin and on its isolated heavy and light chains. (1976)

A potent anti-idiotype serum produced in a rabbit immunized with the isolated heavy chains of an IgM cold agglutinin "Col" was rendered specific by solid-state adsorptions. The anit-Col idiotype was shown to bind specifically to both isolated Col heavy (mu) and light (kappa) chains as well as to intact Col IgM by three methods: (i) reversal of anti-idiotype inhibition of Col cold agglutinin in an automated hemagglutination-inhibition assay system; (ii) adsorption of the anti-idiotype by affinity gels consisting of Col IgM, mu, or kappa chains covalently coupled to Sepharose 2B; (iii) binding of Col IgM and its isolated chains by an anti-idiotype affinity gel. Fragments of Col light chain lacking constant region determinants but still capable of inhibiting anti-idiotype were produced by limited pepsin digestion of the light chains. The finding of shared idiotypic determinants on isolated heavy and light chains of a monoclonal antibody suggests that these chains share a common sequence in a hypervariable region. As an extension of the gene insertion theory of Wu and Kabat, we postulate that genes coding for hypervariable regions may be available for insertion into the DNA for both heavy and light chains.
Highly Phosphorylated Starch (1991)

Abstract Heating of potato starch with P 2 O 5 in either benzene or pyridine provides the formation of starch phosphates of high degree of substitution. In the most phosphorylated samples each glucose unit carries one moiety of phosphoric acid. The esterification is cross‐linking in its character. Their preparations readily hydrolyse when exposed to the atmospheric moisture. Gels of phosphorylated starch have lower viscosity than gels of unprocessed, untreated starch. Both applied solvents act not as the reaction medium but they also deteriorate the starch matrix.
Steroids. CLXXIII.<sup>1</sup> Unsaturated Derivatives of C<sub>22</sub> Steroidal Lactones (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroids. CLXXIII.1 Unsaturated Derivatives of C22 Steroidal LactonesStephen KaufmannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 12, 5197–5199Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01070a510https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01070a510research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acetate represents a major product of heptanoate and octanoate <i>β</i>-oxidation in hepatocytes isolated from neonatal piglets (1996)

An experiment was conducted to explore the nature of the radiolabel distribution in acid-soluble products (ASPs) resulting from the oxidation of [1-14C]C7:0 or C8:0 by isolated piglet hepatocytes. The differences between odd and even chain-length and the impacts of valproate and malonate upon the rate of beta-oxidation and ASP characteristics were tested. A minor amount of fatty acid carboxyl carbon (< or = 10% of organic acids identified by radio-HPLC) accumulated in ketone bodies regardless of chain-length or inhibitor used. In all cases, acetate represented the major reservoir of carboxyl carbon, accounting for 60-70% of radiolabel in identified organic acids. Cells given [1-14C]C7:0 accumulated 85% more carboxyl carbon in Krebs cycle intermediates when compared with C8:0, while accumulation in acetate was unaffected. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that anaplerosis from odd-carbon fatty acids affects the oxidative fate of fatty acid carbon. The piglet appears unique in that non-ketogenic routes of fatty acid carbon flow (i.e. acetogenesis) predominate in the liver of this species.
Down-regulation of the PSI-F Subunit of Photosystem I (PSI) in Arabidopsis thaliana (2000)

The PSI-F subunit of photosystem I is a transmembrane protein with a large lumenal domain. The role of PSI-F was investigated in Arabidopsis plants transformed with an antisense construct of the psaF cDNA. Several plant lines with reduced amounts of the PSI-F subunit were generated. Many of the transgenic plants died, apparently because they were unable to survive without the PSI-F subunit. Plants with 5% of PSI-F were capable of photoautotrophic growth but were much smaller than wild-type plants. The plants suffered severely under normal growth conditions but recovered somewhat in the dark indicating chronic photoinhibition. Photosystem I lacking PSI-F was less stable, and the stromal subunits PSI-C, PSI-D, and PSI-E were present in lower amounts than in wild type. The lack of PSI-F resulted in an inability of light-harvesting complex I-730 to transfer energy to the P700 reaction center. In thylakoids deficient in PSI-F, the steady state NADP(+) reduction rate was only 10% of the wild-type levels indicating a lower efficiency in oxidation of plastocyanin. Surprisingly, the lack of PSI-F also gave rise to disorganization of the thylakoids. The strict arrangement in grana and stroma lamellae was lost, and instead a network of elongated and distorted grana was observed.
Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting films prepared on SrTiO3 substrates by chemical vapor deposition (1988)

High Tc superconducting YBa2 Cu3 O7−x films were prepared by chemical vapor deposition using β-diketonates of Y, Ba, and Cu as source materials. The films were epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 (100) substrates. The c-axis orientation perpendicular to the plane of the substrates was observed. A sharp resistive superconducting transition with Tc (R=0) at 84 K was obtained. The maximum critical-current density at 77 K was 2×104 A/cm2 .
Reconfigurable asymmetric optical burst switching for concurrent DWDM multimode switching: architecture and research directions [Topics in Optical Communications (2010)

Dense wavelength-division multiplexing technology enables vast network capacity expansion over existing network infrastructure. Unfortunately, there is no single switching technology that can cost-effectively scale to a large number of DWDM channels while meeting the diverse needs of heterogeneous applications. For example, despite its rich set of traffic management capabilities, electronic packet switching requires hundreds of expensive optical/electrical/optical converter pairs just to terminate a single DWDM link. While optical switching technologies can bypass O/E/O conversion, neither of the two practical optical switching technologies, optical circuit switching or optical burst switching, can switch at the packet level. The proposed novel DWDM multimode switching router architecture allows electronic packet switching, optical circuit switching, and optical burst switching to be supported concurrently on an integrated router platform. In the proposed approach, the router supports a large number of DWDM channels cost effectively by maintaining a relatively small set of shared, though expensive, electronic switching ports. With this architecture, each DWDM channel can be individually reconfigured to a different switching mode, based on the dynamic traffic load. Individual applications, or individual types of messages within an application, can choose the mode that best suits its need.