gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of dolichyl-saccharide intermediate biosynthesis corresponds to increased long chain cis-isoprenyltransferase activity during the mitogenic response in mouse B cells. (1994)

There are large increases in the rates of Glc3-Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-Dol (Oligo-P-P-Dol) biosynthesis and protein N-glycosylation during the proliferative response of murine B lymphocytes (B cells) to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To learn more about the regulation of dolichyl-saccharide biosynthesis, the possible relationships between developmental changes in specific steps in dolichyl phosphate (Dol-P) and N-acetyl-glucosaminylpyrophosphoryldolichol (GlcNAc-P-P-Dol) biosynthesis and the induction of Oligo-P-P-Dol biosynthesis were investigated. These studies describe an impressive induction of long chain cis-isoprenyltransferase (cis-IPTase) activity, an enzyme system required for the chain elongation stage in de novo Dol-P synthesis, which corresponded to the striking increase in the rate of Oligo-P-P-Dol biosynthesis in LPS-activated B cells. The cellular level and specific activity of cis-IPTase increase 15-fold in LPS-treated cells with relatively unaltered affinity for isopentenyl pyrophosphate. The rates of Dol-P and Oligo-P-P-Dol synthesis increased substantially when cis-IPTase activity was induced, suggesting a regulatory relationship between the level of cis-IPTase activity and lipid intermediate synthesis. Distinctly different developmental patterns were observed for cis-IPTase and HMG-CoA reductase activity, and when sterol biosynthesis was drastically inhibited by lovastatin, the rate of synthesis of Dol-P was slightly higher in the presence of the drug. Modest elevations in the cellular levels of dolichol kinase, Dol-P phosphatase, and UDP-GlcNAc:Dol-P N-acetylglucosaminylphosphoryltransferase (L-G1PT) activities were also observed, but these changes were relatively small compared with the increases in cis-IPTase activity and the rates of Dol-P, Gl-cNAc-P-P-Dol, and Oligo-P-P-Dol synthesis. The expression of the L-G1PT gene is an early event in the developmental program for Oligo-P-P-Dol synthesis, but GlcNAc-P-P-Dol formation is apparently not rate-limiting. In summary, large increases in cis-IPTase activity and the rate of Dol-P biosynthesis appear to play a key regulatory role in the induction of Oligo-P-P-Dol biosynthesis during the proliferative response of B cells to LPS, and the biosynthetic pathways for Dol-P and cholesterol are regulated independently in dividing B cells.
Tissue plasminogen activator in central nervous system physiology and pathology (2005)

Although conventionally associated with fibrin clot degradation, recent work has uncovered new functions for the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasminogen cascade in central nervous system physiology and pathology. This extracellular proteolytic cascade has been shown to have roles in learning and memory, stress, neuronal degeneration, addiction and Alzheimer's disease. The current review considers the different ways tPA functions in the brain.
Connection Scheduling in Web Servers (1999)

Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes.
Wide bandgap BaSnO3 films with room temperature conductivity exceeding 104 S cm−1 (2017)

Wide bandgap perovskite oxides with high room temperature conductivities and structural compatibility with a diverse family of organic/inorganic perovskite materials are of significant interest as transparent conductors and as active components in power electronics. Such materials must also possess high room temperature mobility to minimize power consumption and to enable high-frequency applications. Here, we report n-type BaSnO<sub>3</sub> films grown using hybrid molecular beam epitaxy with room temperature conductivity exceeding 10<sup>4</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup>. Significantly, these films show room temperature mobilities up to 120 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> even at carrier concentrations above 3 × 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> together with a wide bandgap (3 eV). We examine the mobility-limiting scattering mechanisms by calculating temperature-dependent mobility, and Seebeck coefficient using the Boltzmann transport framework and ab-initio calculations. These results place perovskite oxide semiconductors for the first time on par with the highly successful III-N system, thereby bringing all-transparent, high-power oxide electronics operating at room temperature a step closer to reality.
Palm Olein in the Fat Blend of Infant Formulas: Effect on the Intestinal Absorption of Calcium and Fat, and Bone Mineralization (2006)

The use of PO in infant formulas to match the human milk content of palmitic acid has unintended physiological consequences including diminished intestinal absorption of fat, palmitic acid and calcium and lower bone mass. The avoidance of PO or its substitution with synthetic triacylglyceride in infant formulas can prevent this detrimental effect.
The Presence of Cytokine‐Suppressive CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> T Cells in the Peripheral Blood and Synovial Fluid of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2005)

CD4+CD25+ T cells have been shown to play a regulatory or suppressive role in the immune response and are possibly relevant to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the levels of CD4+CD25+ T cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the effects of CD4+CD25+ T cells on the in vitro cytokine production by stimulated SF mononuclear cells (SFMC). The results showed that RA patients had similar frequencies of CD4+CD25+ T cells in PB, expressed as a percentages of the lymphocyte population, as did healthy subjects (mean +/- SD: 10.52 +/- 5.87% versus 11.11 +/- 4.58%., respectively). But in contrast to PB, the SF of RA patients contained significantly higher levels of CD4+CD25+ T cells (17.77 +/- 7.92% versus 10.52 +/- 5.87%, respectively. P < 0.001). When cocultured in vitro with SFMC, CD4+CD25+ T cells purified from either PB or SF were found to exert a considerable suppressive effect on the production of cytokines including TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and interleukin-10 (IL-10). The percentages of inhibition of each cytokines ranged from 41.8 to 98.4% (mean, 80.0%) for TNF-alpha, 42.8 to 98.9% (mean, 83.2%) for IFN-gamma and 59.3 to 96.6% (mean, 80.0%) for IL-10. Because both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were suppressed by CD4+CD25+ T cells, whether CD4+CD25+ T cells might play a beneficial role in the suppression of sustained inflammation in rheumatoid synovium remains to be elucidated.
Association of Thrombospondin-1 and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Human Cardiac Allografts (2001)

Persistent elevation of TSP-1 in cardiac allografts correlates with the development of CAV. Allogeneic stimulation induces angiogenic growth factors and TSP-1 in T cells. Cytokines differentially regulate TSP-1 expression in SMCs versus endothelial cells. Increased levels of TSP-1 in human cardiac allografts may alter vascular responses to angiogenic growth factors by inhibiting angiogenesis and promoting SMC proliferation characteristic of CAV.
Real-time Apparent Resolution Enhancement for Head-mounted Displays (2018)

The insufficient pixel density of current head-mounted displays is one of the major obstacles in achieving immersive and fully engaging experiences. It is possible to overcome this physical limitation for moving content using software techniques. To this end, previous techniques utilized high-framerate displays and optimized for low-resolution images that, when shown on a display, can significantly increase the apparent spatial resolution. However, so far, all the proposed techniques require expensive optimization, which makes the techniques unsuitable for real-time applications. To overcome this problem, we present a novel method that can improve apparent resolution of such displays in real time. We replace expensive optimizations with a two-step filtering approach. Due to the efficiency of our technique, we can account not only for the motion in the scene but also for any motion in the perceived image introduced by movement of a user. This greatly extends the range of situations where the resolution enhancement can be achieved. In this paper, we present the derivation of the motion-flow-dependent filters and how they can be applied to increase the perceived resolution. To evaluate the performance of our technique, we conducted a user experiment which compares our method to alternative solutions regarding perceived resolution as well as overall quality and demonstrates the advantages of our technique.
Homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated fats: Group VIB metal carbonyl complexes (1969)

Abstract Carbonyl complexes of Cr, Mo and W have been studied as soluble catalysts for the hydrogenation of methyl sorbate and of methyl esters from soybean oil. With methyl sorbate, relative catalytic activity decreased in the approximate order: mesitylene‐Mo(CO) 3 , cycloheptatriene‐Mo(CO) 3 , cycloheptatriene‐Cr(CO) 3 , bicyclo (2,2,1) hepta‐2,5‐diene‐Mo(CO) 4 , chlorobenzene‐Cr(CO) 3 , methyl benzoate‐Cr(CO) 3 , mesitylene‐W(CO) 3 , benzene‐Cr(CO) 3 , toluene‐Cr(CO) 3 , mesitylene‐Cr(CO) 3 , and hexamethylbenzene‐Cr(CO) 3 . Order of catalytic activity was related to thermal stability of the complexes during hydrogenation. With mesitylene‐M(CO) 3 complexes, selectivity varied in the order Cr>Mo>W. Under certain conditions the mesitylene complexes of W, Cr and Mo reduced methyl sorbate respectively to methyl 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐hexenoates as main products. The more active and thermally stable Cr(CO) 3 complexes catalyzed effectively the hydrogenation of linoleate and linolenate in soybean oil esters with little or no stearate formation. The hydrogenated products formed with the benzoate complex at 165–175 C contained 50–67% monoene, 18–30% diene, 2–7% conjugated diene, and only 3–7% trans unsaturation. Linolenate‐linoleate selectivity values varied from 3 to 5 and linoleate‐oleate selectivity from 7 to 80. Monoene fractions had 40–50% of the double bond in the C‐9 position; the rest of the unsaturation was distributed mainly between the C‐10 and C‐12 positions. Conjugation is apparently an intermediate step in the hydrogenation of linoleate and linolenate. The Cr(CO) 3 complexes are unique in catalyzing the hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty esters to monounsaturated fatty esters of low trans content.
Quantitative Immunologic Analysis of the Methanogenic Flora of Digestors Reveals a Considerable Diversity (1988)

To determine which methanogens occur in digestors, we performed a quantitative immunologic analysis of a variety of samples. A comprehensive panel of calibrated polyclonal antibody probes of predefined specificity spectra was used. This allowed precise identification of bacteria by antigenic fingerprinting. A considerable diversity of methanogens was uncovered, much larger than previously reported, encompassing at least 14 strains of 11 species. Strategies were developed to measure the load of any given methanogen in a sample and to compare samples quantitatively. Two methanogens were found to predominate which were antigenically closely related with either Methanobacterium formicicum MF or Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus AZ. Fundamental data, probes, and methods are now available to monitor methanogenic subpopulations during digestor operation and thus learn about their respective roles and predictive significance.
Production of extracellular fatty acid using engineered Escherichia coli (2012)

The general strategy of metabolic engineering for the extracellular fatty acid production should be the cyclic optimization between cultivation performance and strain improvements. On the basis of our cultivation process optimization, strain improvements should be further carried out for the effective and cost-effective production process.
Variable Selection in Data Mining: Building a Predictive Model for Bankruptcy (2001)

We predict the onset of personal bankruptcy using least squares regression. Although well publicized, only 2,244 bankruptcies occur in our dataset of 2.9 million months of credit-card activity. We use stepwise selection to find predictors of these from a mix of payment history, debt load, demographics, and their interactions. This combination of rare responses and over 67,000 possible predictors leads to a challenging modeling question: How does one separate coincidental from useful predictors? We show that three modifications turn stepwise regression into an effective methodology for predicting bankruptcy. Our version of stepwise regression (1) organizes calculations to accommodate interactions, (2) exploits modern decision theoretic criteria to choose predictors, and (3) conservatively estimates p-values to handle sparse data and a binary response. Omitting any one of these leads to poor performance. A final step in our procedure calibrates regression predictions. With these modifications, stepwise regression predicts bankruptcy as well as, if not better than, recently developed data-mining tools. When sorted, the largest 14,000 resulting predictions hold 1,000 of the 1,800 bankruptcies hidden in a validation sample of 2.3 million observations. If the cost of missing a bankruptcy is 200 times that of a false positive, our predictions incur less than 2/3 of the costs of classification errors produced by the tree-based classifier C4.5.
Accuracy and Speed in Computing the Chebyshev Collocation Derivative (1995)

We study several algorithms for computing the Chebyshev spectral derivative and compare their roundoff error. For a large number of collocation points, the elements of the Chebyshev differentiation matrix, if constructed in the usual way, are not computed accurately. A subtle cause is found to account for the poor accuracy when computing the derivative by the matrix-vector multiplication method. Methods for accurately computing the elements of the matrix are presented and we find that if the entries of the matrix are computed accurately, the roundoff error of the matrix-vector multiplication is as small as that of the transform-recursion algorithm. Furthermore, results of the CPU time usage are shown for several different algorithms for computing the derivative by the Chebyshev collocation method for a wide variety of two-dimensional grid sizes on both an IBM mainframe and a Cray 2 computer. We find that which algorithm is fastest on a particular machine depends not only on the grid size, but also on small details of the computer hardware as well. For most practical grid sizes used in computation, the even-odd decomposition algorithm is found to be faster than the transform-recursion method.
Photochromism of double-bridged viologens in a polar polymer matrix (1996)

Double-bridged viologens (1 and 2) have been synthesized; in polar polymer films they displayed two distinct colour development and bleaching processes upon UV irradiation. Their photofatigue resistances were apparently better than bisviologens and benzylviologen due to particular intramolecular interactions between their two viologen moieties in the two photochromic stages.
Pivotal Advance: Eosinophils mediate early alum adjuvant-elicited B cell priming and IgM production (2008)

Alum, aluminum-hydroxide-containing compounds, long used as adjuvants in human vaccinations, functions by ill-defined, immunostimulatory mechanisms. Antigen-free alum has been shown to act via a previously unidentified, splenic Gr1(+), IL-4-expressing myeloid cell population to stimulate early B cell priming. We demonstrate that the alum-elicited and -activated splenic myeloid cells are IL-4-expressing eosinophils that function to prime B cell responses. Eosinophils are the principal Gr1(+), IL-4(+) cells in the spleens 6 days following i.p. alum administration. Alum-elicited splenic B cell priming, as evidenced by MHC II cross-linking-mediated calcium mobilization developed in wild-type BALB/c mice, was absent in DeltadblGATA BALB/c eosinophil-deficient mice and could be reconstituted by adoptive eosinophil infusions into the eosinophil-deficient mice. Moreover, early antigen-specific IgM antibody responses in alum-antigen-immunized mice were impaired in eosinophil-deficient mice and were restored with adoptive transfers of eosinophils. Thus, eosinophils, leukocytes of the innate immune system that contain preformed cytokines, including IL-4, have novel, immunomodulatory roles in the initial priming of B cells elicited by the adjuvant alum and in the optimal early B cell generation of antigen-specific IgM.
THE BACTERICIDAL PROPERTIES OF THE QUATERNARY SALTS OF HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE (1916)

By the addition of substituted benzyl halides to hexamethylenetetramine, a series of quaternary salts of this base was obtained. These salts represent a new group of organic bactericides. The results obtained in the tests with these substances upon Bacillus typhosus have demonstrated the existence of direct relationships between chemical constitution and bactericidal action within the series. The bactericidal character is directly attributable to the presence of the hexamethylenetetramine nucleus. The degree of the bactericidal action, however, is determined by the position, character, and number of the groups substituted in the benzene nucleus. By the introduction of the methyl, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, and nitro groups into the benzene nucleus of the parent benzyl hexamethylenetetraminium salt, the bactericidal power of this compound was notably enhanced. The substitution of these groups in the ortho position almost invariably resulted in substances which were more active than their meta or para isomers. The introduction of the methoxy group was without marked effect. Several substances in which two hexamethylenetetraminium side-chains occurred were found to be the most active of the substances of this series when tested against Bacillus typhosus. Comparative tests with other bacterial types demonstrated that these compounds possessed a marked degree of specificity for Bacillus typhosus.
Running a Quantum Circuit at the Speed of Data (2008)

We analyze circuits for kernels from popular quantum computing applications, characterizing the hardware resources necessary to take ancilla preparation off the critical path. The result is a chip entirely dominated by ancilla generation circuits. To address this issue, we introduce optimized ancilla factories and analyze theirstructure and physical layout for ion trap technology. We introduce a new quantum computing architecture with highly concentrated data-only regions surrounded by shared ancilla factories. The results are a reduced dependence on costly teleportation, more efficient distribution of generated ancillae and more than five times speedup over previous proposals.
Retrieving broken web links using an approach based on contextual information (2009)

In this short note we present a recommendation system for automatic retrieval of broken Web links using an approach based on contextual information. We extract information from the context of a link such as the anchor text, the content of the page containing the link, and a combination of the cache page in some search engine and web archive, if it exists. Then the selected information is processed and submitted to a search engine. We propose an algorithm based on information retrieval techniques to select the most relevant information and to rank the candidate pages provided for the search engine, in order to help the user to find the best replacement. To test the different methods, we have also defined a methodology which does not require the user judgements, what increases the objectivity of the results.
The effect of capsule composition on the biocompatibility of alginate-poly-1-lysine capsules (1991)

The encapsulation of islets of Langerhans in alginate-poly-l-lysine has been proposed as a method for the immunoprotection of transplanted islets. Although several capsule compositions have been reported, there has been no published study concerning the effect of capsule composition on the severity of the foreign body reaction. Empty capsules were prepared from high mannuronic acid alginate and were coated with: (1) poly-l-lysine alone, (2) poly-l-lysine plus high guluronic acid alginate, or (3) poly-l-lysine plus high mannuronic acid alginate. The capsules were placed in the renal subcapsular space or the peritoneal cavity, and retrieved after three weeks of histological examination. The recipients were WAG/01a, nude (athymic), diabetic BB, and non-diabetes prone BB rats. The severity of reaction to the capsules was determined by measuring the thickness of the pericapsular cell infiltrate or by a scoring system. The severity of the reaction to the capsules was strain-dependent in both the renal and peritoneal sites, with the BB and nude rats displaying the most severe responses. The degree of response was not affected by capsule composition in the renal subcapsular space, but in the peritoneum, the high mannuronic acid alginate capsules provoked the weakest response, and this type of capsule will be used for future transplantation work. The infiltrating cells were characterised by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy and found to be mostly fibroblasts and macrophages.
People (1973)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVACS NewsNEXTPeopleRICHARD W. ROBERTSView Author Information General Electric Co., immediate Past-Chairman, Corporation AssociatesCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1973, 51, 1, 20–23Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v051n001.p020https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v051n001.p020acs-newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1973 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (364 KB) SUBJECTS:Evolution reactions Get e-Alerts