gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Benefits of Solar Thermal Energy (2005)

The article “Is it time to shoot for the sun?” (R. F. Service, News Focus, 22 July, p. [548][1]) on solar energy overlooked a proven and affordable energy source that is already available, solar thermal energy with storage via heat transfer fluid. A recent National Research Council report ([1][2]) put the cost of a large plant at $0.08/kWh, not competitive with conventional coal ($0.04/kWh), but cheaper than electricity from clean coal power plants equipped for CO2 sequestration [$0.07/kWh plus the cost of CO2 sequestration ([2][3])].

Solar thermal energy has an unacknowledged, unique feature ([3][4]). A solar-concentrating collector and its associated heat storage can be regarded as a fuel plant, which feeds a conventional steam power plant. As the investment for the power plant is less than 14% of the total, it can be overdesigned by a factor of three. This gives the system control capabilities not affordable or available in any clean power plant technology. For intermediate loads (8:00 AM to 9:00 PM), 50% of our electricity requirements, the cost remains $0.08/kWh, cheaper than nuclear energy or clean coal ($0.11/kWh and $0.10/kWh, respectively).

All solar thermal power plants need to be competitive is a government subsidy for a few large demonstration plants, as were available for the development of nuclear and clean coal plants. The cost of generating power with solar cells is now three to six times more expensive than with a solar thermal plant. Should solar cells ever become really cheap, instantaneously dispatchable solar thermal energy could compensate for their lack of storage capacity and they could become attractive for large-scale use and merit a large research effort.

1. 1.[↵][5] National Research Council, “Critique of the Sargent and Lundy Assessment of Cost and Performance. Forecasts for Concentrating Solar Power” (National Academies Press, Washington, DC, Dec. 2002).
 

2. 2.[↵][6] 1. N. Holt
 , paper presented at the Gasification Technologies Conference, Washington, DC, 4 to 6 Oct. 2004.
 

3. 3.[↵][7] 1. R. Shinnar, 2. F. Citro
 , in preparation (available at ).

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.309.5734.548
 [2]: #ref-1
 [3]: #ref-2
 [4]: #ref-3
 [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1. in text
 [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 View reference 2. in text
 [7]: #xref-ref-3-1 View reference 3. in text
Depolarization-Associated Iron Release with Abrupt Reduction in Pulmonary Endothelial Shear Stress <i>In Situ</i> (2000)

This study evaluated the roles of endothelial cell membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the increase of tissue free iron during lung ischemia. Oxygenated ischemia was produced in the isolated rat lung by discontinuing perfusion while ventilation with O2 was maintained. We have shown previously that tissue oxygenation is maintained in this model of ischemia and that biochemical changes are the result of an abrupt reduction in endothelial shear stress. With 1 hr oxygenated ischemia, generation of ROS, evaluated by oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein (H2DCF) to fluorescent dichlorofluorescein, increased 8.0-fold, lung thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased 3.4-fold, and lung protein carbonyl content increased 2.4-fold. Lung tissue free iron, measured in the lung homogenate with a fluorescent desferrioxamine derivative, increased 4.0-fold during ischemia. Pretreatment of lungs with thapsigargin abolished the increase in free iron with ischemia indicating that this effect is dependent on Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Perfusion of lungs with high (25 mM) K+ to depolarize the endothelium also led to a significant increase in tissue free iron. Pretreatment of lungs with 35 microM cromakalim, a K+-channel agonist, significantly inhibited both ischemia-induced tissue oxidant injury and the increase in free iron with ischemia or with high K+ perfusion. A similar increase in free iron was observed when lungs were ventilated with either O2 or N2 during the ischemic period or were pre-perfused with an inhibitor of ROS production (diphenyleneiodonium). These results indicate that ROS generation is not required for ischemia-mediated iron release. Thus, ROS generation and iron release with ischemia are independent although both are subsequent to endothelial cell membrane depolarization.
Thymoquinone Is a Potent Superoxide Anion Scavenger (2003)

The antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects of thymoquinone (TQ), a natural main constituent of the volatile oil of Nigella saliva seeds, and a synthetic structurally-related tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), were examined in vitro. Both TQ and TBHQ efficiently inhibited iron-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent manner with median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 16.8 and 14.9 microM, respectively. TBHQ was stronger than TQ as a scavenger of 2,2'-diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) (IC50 = 5 microM, 200 times more active than TQ) and as a scavenger of hydroxyl radical (OH*) with an IC50 of 4.6 microM (approximately 10 times more active than TQ). TQ was more active than TBHQ as a superoxide anion scavenger with IC50 of 3.35 microM compared to 18.1 microM for TBHQ. Only TBHQ significantly promoted DNA damage in the bleomycin-Fe(III) system. The results suggest that both TQ and TBHQ have strong antioxidant potentials through scavenging ability of different free radicals. Moreover, the data indicate that TQ is acting mainly as a potent superoxide anion scavenger.
Optimization of the P‘-Region of Peptide Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease (2000)

Infection by Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) leads to a slowly progressing disease that over two decades can lead to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. Currently, one of the most promising approaches to anti-HCV therapy is the development of inhibitors of the NS3/4A protease, which is essential for maturation of the viral polyprotein. Several substrate-derived inhibitors of NS3/4A have been described, all taking advantage of binding to the S subsite of the enzyme. Inspection of the S' subsite of NS3/4A shows binding pockets which might be exploited for inhibitor binding, but due to the fact that ground-state binding to the S' subsite is not used by the substrate, this does not represent a suitable starting point. We have now optimized S'-binding in the context of noncleavable decapeptides spanning P6-P4'. Binding was sequentially increased by introduction of the previously optimized P-region [Ingallinella et al. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 8906-8914], change of the P4' residue, and combinatorial optimization of positions P2'-P3'. The overall process led to an increase in binding of more than 3 orders of magnitude, with the best decapeptide showing IC(50) < 200 pM. The binding mode of the decapeptides described in the present work shares features with the binding mode of the natural substrates, together with novel interactions within the S' subsite. Therefore, these peptides may represent an entry point for a novel class of NS3 inhibitors.
Secondary and Tertiary Amino Ketones and Alcohols Derived from Desoxybenzoin and 1,2-Diphenylethanol.<sup>1</sup> Ring-Chain Tautomerism of the α-(β-Hydroxyethylamino) Ketones<sup>2</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSecondary and Tertiary Amino Ketones and Alcohols Derived from Desoxybenzoin and 1,2-Diphenylethanol.1 Ring-Chain Tautomerism of the α-(β-Hydroxyethylamino) Ketones2Robert E. Lutz, James A. Freek, and Robert S. MurpheyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 6, 2015–2023Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01186a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01186a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views365Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MLP-neural network based detection and classification of Power Quality Disturbances (2015)

This paper deal with the innovative method for the detection and classification of power quality disturbance events with good classification accuracy. Proposed method is reliable to distinguish normally occurring six types of disturbances. Extreme Proliferation of automated power electronics equipments are hampered the quality of power supply. Hence diagnosis of these disturbances within a stipulated time is an urgent need. Deterioration of power quality often termed as Power Quality (PQ) Disturbance. This paper presents a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network based classifier for effective classification of power quality disturbances. For feature extraction and dimensionality reduction Wavelet Transform technique and Sensitivity Analysis are used respectively. Optimised classifier classifies the six fundamental PQ disturbances with classification accuracy of 99.81%.
Bimetallic IrNi core platinum monolayer shell electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (2011)

We synthesized a low-Pt content electrocatalyst consisting of a Pt monolayer placed on carbon-supported thermally treated IrNi core–shell structured nanoparticles using galvanic displacement of a Cu monolayer deposited at underpotentials. The Pt mass activity of the PtML/IrNi/C electrocatalyst obtained in a scale-up synthesis is approximately 3 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst. The electronic and geometrical effects of the IrNi substrate on the Pt monolayer result in its higher catalytic activity than that of Pt nanoparticles. The structure and composition of the core–shell nanoparticles were verified using transmission electron microscopy and in situX-ray absorption spectroscopy, while a potential cycling test was employed to confirm the stability of the electrocatalyst. Our experimental results, supported by the density functional calculations using a sphere-like model, demonstrate an effective way of using Pt that can resolve key problems of cathodic oxygen reduction hampering fuel cell commercialization.
Practical Hadoop Migration (2016)

Re-architect relational applications to NoSQL, integrate relational database management systems with the Hadoop ecosystem, and transform and migrate relational data to and from Hadoop components. This book covers the best-practice design approaches to re-architecting your relational applications and transforming your relational data to optimize concurrency, security, denormalization, and performance. Winner of IBMâs 2012 Gerstner Award for his implementation of big data and data warehouse initiatives and author of Practical Hadoop Security, author Bhushan Lakhe walks you through the entire transition process. First, he lays out the criteria for deciding what blend of re-architecting, migration, and integration between RDBMS and HDFS best meets your transition objectives. Then he demonstrates how to design your transition model. Lakhe proceeds to cover the selection criteria for ETL tools, the implementation steps for migration with SQOOP- and Flume-based data transfers, and transition optimization techniques for tuning partitions, scheduling aggregations, and redesigning ETL. Finally, he assesses the pros and cons of data lakes and Lambda architecture as integrative solutions and illustrates their implementation with real-world case studies. Hadoop/NoSQL solutions do not offer by default certain relational technology features such as role-based access control, locking for concurrent updates, and various tools for measuring and enhancing performance. Practical Hadoop Migration shows how to use open-source tools to emulate such relational functionalities in Hadoop ecosystem components. What You'll Learn The requirements and design methodologies of relational data and NoSQL models How to decide whether you should migrate your relational applications to big data technologies or integrate them How to transition your relational applications to Hadoop/NoSQL platforms in terms of logical design and physical implementation RDBMS-to-HDFS integration, data transformation, and optimization techniques The situations in which Lambda architecture and data lake solutions should be considered How to select and implement Hadoop-based components and applications to speed transition, optimize integrated performance, and emulate relational functionalities Who This Book Is For The primary readership for Practical Hadoop Migration is database developers, database administrators, enterprise architects, Hadoop/NoSQL developers, and IT leaders. Its secondary readership is project and program managers and advanced students of database and management information systems.
Identifying and Measuring Coupling on Modular Systems (1997)

Abstract: Low module coupling is considered to be a desirable quality for modular programs to have. This paper proposes a comprehensive suite of measures to quantify the level of coupling in a modular system. This suite takes into account the different coupling mechanisms provided by the C language but it can be tailored to other languages. The different measures in our suite thus reflect different hypotheses about the different mechanisms of coupling in modular systems, and we have precisely defined the measures of coupling so that they can be determined algorithmically.
Osmotic Consolidation of Suspensions and Gels (1994)

An osmotic method for the consolidation of suspensions of ceramic particles is demonstrated. Concentrated solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) are separated from a suspension of ceramic particles by a semipermeable membrane, creating a gradient in solvent chemical potential. Solvent passes from the suspension into the polymer solution, lowering its free energy and consolidating the suspension. Dispersions of stable 8‐nm hydrous zirconia particles were consolidated to over 47% by volume. Suspensions of α–alumina in three states of aggregation (dispersed, weakly flocculated, and strongly flocculated) were consolidated to densities greater than or equal to those produced in conventional pressure filtration. Moreover, the as–consolidated alumina bodies were partially drained of fluid during the osmotic consolidation process, producing cohesive partially dried bodies with improved handling characteristics.
Enantioselective kinetic disposition of albendazole sulfoxide in patients with neurocysticercosis (1999)

The enantioselectivity of the kinetic disposition of albendazole sulfoxide (ASOX) was investigated in 18 patients with neurocysticercosis treated with a multiple dose regimen of albendazole for 8 days (5 mg/kg every 8 h). Serial blood samples were collected on the eighth day of treatment during the last dose interval, with prorogation up to 12 h. Albendazole sulfone (ASON) and enantiomers of ASOX were analyzed in plasma samples by HPLC using a Chiralpak AD column and detection by fluorescence. The pharmacokinetic parameters showing statistically significant differences between the (+) ASOX and (-) ASOX enantiomers are presented as respective means (95% CI) as follows: maximum plasma concentration, Cmax = 301.6 (179.7-423.5) vs 54.9 (21.9-87.9) ng.ml-1; elimination half-life, t1/2 = 5.2 (4.1-6.3) vs 3.3 (2.8-3.8) h, area under the plasma concentration-time curve, AUCss0-8 = 1719.2 (978.6-2459.8) vs 261.4 (102.9-419.8) ng.h.ml-1 and apparent clearance, Cl/fm = 5.8 (3.8-7.8) vs 54.0 (35.2-72.7) l.h-1.kg-1. The mean value of 9.2 (7.6-10.9) for the AUC0-8(+)-ASOX/AUC0-8(-)-ASOX ratio demonstrated plasma accumulation of the (+) enantiomer. Sulfone formation capacity, expressed by the AUCss0-8 ratio ASON/ASOX + ASON, was 8.0 (7.0-8.9). The present data indicate enantioselectivity in the kinetic disposition of ASOX in patients with neurocysticercosis.
FileNet integrated document management database usage and issues (1998)

The FileNet Integrated Document Management (IDM) products consists of a family of client applications and Imaging and Electronic Document Management (EDM) services. These services provide robust facilities for document creation, update, and deletion along with document search capabilities. Document properties are stored in an underlying relational database (RDBMS); document content is stored in files or in a specialized optical disk hierarchical storage manager. FileNet Corporation's Visual WorkFlo® and Ensemble® workflow products can be utilized in conjunction with FileNet's IDM technologies to automate production and ad hoc business processes respectively. This talk will discuss how Integrated Document Management requirements affect an IDM system's usage of a RDBMS. Some of the areas to be discussed include:
A schizophrenia-related sensorimotor deficit links α3-containing GABA <sub>A</sub> receptors to a dopamine hyperfunction (2005)

Overactivity of the dopaminergic system in the brain is considered to be a contributing factor to the development and symptomatology of schizophrenia. Therefore, the GABAergic control of dopamine functions was assessed by disrupting the gene encoding the alpha3 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor. alpha3 knockout (alpha3KO) mice exhibited neither an obvious developmental defect nor apparent morphological brain abnormalities, and there was no evidence for compensatory up-regulation of other major GABA(A)-receptor subunits. Anxiety-related behavior in the elevated-plus-maze test was undisturbed, and the anxiolytic-like effect of diazepam, which is mediated by alpha2-containing GABA(A) receptors, was preserved. As a result of the loss of alpha3 GABA(A) receptors, the GABA-induced whole-cell current recorded from midbrain dopamine neurons was significantly reduced. Spontaneous locomotor activity was slightly elevated in alpha3KO mice. Most notably, prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex was markedly attenuated in the alpha3KO mice, pointing to a deficit in sensorimotor information processing. This deficit was completely normalized by treatment with the antipsychotic D2-receptor antagonist haloperidol. The amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion was not altered in alpha3KO mice compared with WT mice. These results suggest that the absence of alpha3-subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors induces a hyperdopaminergic phenotype, including a severe deficit in sensorimotor gating, a common feature among psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia. Hence, agonists acting at alpha3-containing GABA(A) receptors may constitute an avenue for an effective treatment of sensorimotor-gating deficits in various psychiatric conditions.
Nasal Delivery of Antimigraine Drugs: Clinical Rationale and Evidence Base (2006)

The intranasal route of administration for antimigraine drugs offers many theoretical and practical advantages. A drug that is administered intranasally is absorbed by the highly vascular mucous membranes of the nose, which allows for rapid delivery of un-metabolized drug to the central nervous system. The onset of action is thus considerably earlier than with oral administration requiring gastrointestinal absorption. The intranasal route also provides several practical advantages, such as greater acceptability to patients because of the noninvasive mode of delivery, the ability to take medication when severe nausea or vomiting is present, and a better adverse event profile. Three antimigraine drugs are available in intranasal formulation: dihydroergotamine, sumatriptan, and zolmitriptan. This article reviews the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, and tolerability of these agents. All are well tolerated by patients and have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of migraine headache. Each of these drugs has a unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, which may support a clinical preference for one intranasal agent over another in treating patients with specific headache features.
Toward High‐Generation Rotaxane Dendrimers That Incorporate a Ring Component on Every Branch: Noncovalent Synthesis of a Dendritic [10]Pseudorotaxane with 13 Molecular Components (2007)

By taking advantage of the fact that cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) forms exceptionally stable host-guest complexes with protonated amines, and that its homologue CB[8] can encapsulate a pair of electron-rich and electron-deficient guest molecules to form a stable 1:1:1 complex, we synthesized a novel dendritic [10]pseudorotaxane, or second-generation rotaxane dendrimer (from a topological point of view), in which 13 molecular components are held together by noncovalent interactions. A triply branched molecule containing an electron-deficient bipyridinium unit on each branch formed a branched [4]pseudorotaxane with 3 equivalents of CB[8]. Addition of 3 equivalents of 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene produced a first-generation rotaxane dendrimer, which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy and CSI-MS. The reaction of the branched [4]pseudorotaxane with 3 equivalents of a triply branched molecule that has an electron-donor unit at one arm and CB[6]-containing units at the other two gave the dendritic [10]pseudorotaxane, the structure of which was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis titration experiments, and CSI-MS.
Fenton's reagent. V. Hydroxylation and side-chain cleavage of aromatics (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFenton's reagent. V. Hydroxylation and side-chain cleavage of aromaticsCheves Walling and Richard A. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 2, 363–367Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00835a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00835a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1096Altmetric-Citations230LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts