gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the spectral dimensionality of outdoor visible and near-infrared illumination functions (1998)

The spectral properties of outdoor illumination functions can vary significantly, owing to atmospheric conditions and scene geometry. Using a statistical analysis of a comprehensive physical model, we show that the variation in outdoor illumination functions over both the visible range (0.33–0.7 µm) and the visible/near-infrared range (0.4–2.5 µm) can be represented accurately by use of seven-dimensional linear models. The physical model includes solar and scattered radiation as well as the effects of atmospheric gases and aerosols. The modtran 3.5 code was employed for computing radiative transfer aspects of the model. We show that the new model has strong agreement over the visible wavelengths with the empirical study of Judd [J. Opt. Soc. Am.54, 1031 (1964)]. We also demonstrate the accuracy of the model over the 0.4–2.5-µm spectral range, using measured outdoor illumination functions.
The G-protein–gated K+ channel, <i>IKACh</i>, is required for regulation of pacemaker activity and recovery of resting heart rate after sympathetic stimulation (2013)

Parasympathetic regulation of sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemaker activity modulates multiple ion channels to temper heart rate. The functional role of the G-protein-activated K(+) current (IKACh) in the control of SAN pacemaking and heart rate is not completely understood. We have investigated the functional consequences of loss of IKACh in cholinergic regulation of pacemaker activity of SAN cells and in heart rate control under physiological situations mimicking the fight or flight response. We used knockout mice with loss of function of the Girk4 (Kir3.4) gene (Girk4(-/-) mice), which codes for an integral subunit of the cardiac IKACh channel. SAN pacemaker cells from Girk4(-/-) mice completely lacked IKACh. Loss of IKACh strongly reduced cholinergic regulation of pacemaker activity of SAN cells and isolated intact hearts. Telemetric recordings of electrocardiograms of freely moving mice showed that heart rate measured over a 24-h recording period was moderately increased (10%) in Girk4(-/-) animals. Although the relative extent of heart rate regulation of Girk4(-/-) mice was similar to that of wild-type animals, recovery of resting heart rate after stress, physical exercise, or pharmacological β-adrenergic stimulation of SAN pacemaking was significantly delayed in Girk4(-/-) animals. We conclude that IKACh plays a critical role in the kinetics of heart rate recovery to resting levels after sympathetic stimulation or after direct β-adrenergic stimulation of pacemaker activity. Our study thus uncovers a novel role for IKACh in SAN physiology and heart rate regulation.
A block placement method based on balloon model (2002)

A block-placement method for a rectangular block based on a balloon model is proposed. In this method, the overlaps among blocks that appear in the initial placement can be removed naturally by expanding the blocks just as toy balloons. Since the directions of the rectangular blocks are determined in the placement process such that the dead spaces are decreased, one can minimize the wire length and the area of the carrier simultaneously. Experimental results show that this method gives better solutions than the previous one.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
"SOFT" EXOSKELETONS FOR UPPER AND LOWER BODY REHABILITATION — DESIGN, CONTROL AND TESTING (2007)

The basic concepts for exoskeletal systems have been suggested for some time with applications ranging from construction, manufacturing and mining to rescue and emergency services. In recent years, research has been driven by possible uses in medical/rehabilitation and military applications. Yet there are still significant barriers to the effective use and exploitation of this technology. Among the most pertinent of these factors is the power and actuation system and its impact of control, strength, speed and, perhaps most critically, safety. This work describes the design, construction and testing of an ultra low-mass, full-body exoskeleton system having seven degrees of freedom (DOFs) for the upper limbs and five degrees of freedom (DOFs) for each of the lower limbs. This low mass is primarily due to the use of a new range of pneumatic muscle actuators as the power source for the system. The work presented will show how the system takes advantage of the inherent controllable compliance to produce a unit that is powerful, providing a wide range of functionality (motion and forces over an extended range) in a manner that has high safety integrity for the user. The general layout of both the upper and the lower body exoskeleton is presented together with results from preliminary experiments to demonstrate the potential of the device in limb retraining, rehabilitation and power assist (augmentation) operations.
Pathophysiological distortions in time perception and timed performance (2011)

Distortions in time perception and timed performance are presented by a number of different neurological and psychiatric conditions (e.g. Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism). As a consequence, the primary focus of this review is on factors that define or produce systematic changes in the attention, clock, memory and decision stages of temporal processing as originally defined by Scalar Expectancy Theory. These findings are used to evaluate the Striatal Beat Frequency Theory, which is a neurobiological model of interval timing based upon the coincidence detection of oscillatory processes in corticostriatal circuits that can be mapped onto the stages of information processing proposed by Scalar Timing Theory.
Human milk IgA concentrations during the first year of lactation (1998)

Sustained IgA secretion is likely to protect suckling infants from microbial infection.
Reversal mechanism of multidrug resistance by verapamil: direct binding of verapamil to P-glycoprotein on specific sites and transport of verapamil outward across the plasma membrane of K562/ADM cells. (1989)

The calcium channel blocker verapamil has been shown to reverse multidrug resistance (T. Tsuruo et al., Cancer Res. 41: 1967-1972, 1981), but the mechanism of action of this agent has not been fully elucidated. A radioactive photoactive analogue of verapamil, N-[benzoyl-3,5-3H-(+/-)-5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenetyl)methylamino]-2- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-isopropyl-N-p-azidobenzoylpentylamine, was used to label the plasma membranes of a human myelogenous leukemia cell line (K562), a multidrug-resistant subline selected for resistance to Adriamycin (K562/ADM) and its revertant cell (R1-3). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic fluorograms revealed the presence of an intensely radiolabeled Mr 170,000-180,000 protein in the membranes from K562/ADM but not from the drug-sensitive parental K562 and revertant R1-3 cells. The Mr 170,000-180,000 verapamil acceptor was immunoprecipitated by monoclonal antibody MRK16 specific for P-glycoprotein associated with multidrug resistance, indicating that P-glycoprotein in the plasma membrane is a major target of verapamil in K562/ADM cells. The photolabeling of P-glycoprotein with N-[benzoyl-3,5-3H]-(+/-)-5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenetyl)methylamino]-2- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-isopropyl-N-p-azidobenzoylphentylamine was significantly blocked by other calcium channel blockers, nicardipine and diltiazem, that have been shown to overcome multidrug resistance. In addition, the photolabeling was partially blocked by Adriamycin, vincristine, and colchicine, suggesting that the specific binding sites for verapamil on P-glycoprotein are closely related to the binding sites for these calcium channel blockers and antitumor agents. To determine whether verapamil could be a substrate for P-glycoprotein, the cellular accumulation of [3H]verapamil into K562 and K562/ADM was evaluated. The accumulation of [3H]verapamil in the multidrug-resistant cells was 30% of K562 cells and increased when K562/ADM cells were treated with vincristine and nicardipine at 5 microM, indicating that the P-glycoprotein transports verapamil as well as other antitumor agents in the multidrug-resistant cells. These results suggest that verapamil enhances antitumor agent retention through competition for closely related binding sites on P-glycoprotein.
Enzyme transistor circuits for reaction-diffusion computing (1999)

This paper explores the possibility of constructing massively parallel computing systems using molecular electronics technology. By employing specificity of biological molecules, such as enzymes, new integrated circuit architectures which are essentially free from interconnection problems could be constructed. To clarify the proposed concept, this paper presents a functional model of a basic biomolecular switching device called an enzyme transistor. The enzyme transistor is, in a sense, an artificial catalyst which selects a specific substrate molecule and transforms it into a specific product. Using this primitive function, various wire-free computing circuits can be realized. Examples described in this paper include basic analog amplifiers and digital logic circuits. This paper also presents the design of an excitable enzyme transistor circuit and demonstrates the potential of enzyme transistors for creating reaction-diffusion dynamics that performs useful computations in a massively parallel fashion.
Network management using database discovery tools (2002)

As the volume of network traffic increases due to the proliferation of distributed systems and the growth of real-time applications, a good understanding of traffic distribution and patterns becomes critical in network control and performance management. The authors upgrade the facilities of network management from traditional file systems to database and knowledge base systems and apply machine learning techniques to discover traffic patterns which are difficult to discern by human operators among a large volume of measurements. An experiment on interconnected LANs is conducted where some interesting patterns are found. The results show a strong traffic locality and some cyclic traffic patterns. The discovered rule base can describe the traffic distribution and patterns which need to be captured for any sophisticated performance management. The experiment has shown the high applicability of induction techniques to network management.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simplified Procedure for the Separation ofHuman T and Non-T Cells (1977)

A simple and rapid procedure for the separation of human T and non-T lymphocytes is described, based upon an existing technique and using Ficoll-Metrizoate. It offers high cell yields, maintenance of a good vitality and an efficacious separation of the lymphocyte populations mentioned.
Observations and experiments on a dermatitis-producing cercaria and on another cercaria from Limn˦a stagnalis in Great Britain (1930)

The behaviour and morphology of a cercaria thought to be identical with the C. ocellata La Val. of modern authors, and possibly also with C. elvæ Miller, are described. An account is given of experiments carried out to test the power of this cercaria to penetrate the skin of mammals, the production of a definite dermatitis by it in man, and the possibility of infecting various laboratory animals. Similar experiments published by other authors are summarized. The conclusion is drawn that this cercaria belongs to the family Schistosomatidæ, and that it is closely related to Bilharziella, a blood-fluke of birds. The behaviour and morphology of a second cercaria from the same snail are described and compared with those of related forms. An account is given of experiments in which fishes were attacked (and often killed) by this cercaria, which, after penetrating the skin, migrates to the lenses of the eyes. A test of its power to penetrate the human skin gave a negative result. The metacercaria (“Diplostomulum”) stage developing in the fish is described. The literature bearing on the pathogenicity of Strigeid cercariæ to their second intermediate hosts is summarized. The conclusion is drawn that this second cercaria belongs to some species of Diplostomum or a closely related genus, probably parasitic in birds.
Dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes via Ozonolysis of Cycloalkanone <i>O</i>-Methyl Oximes:  A Comparison with the Peroxidation of Cycloalkanones in Acetonitrile−Sulfuric Acid Media (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTDispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes via Ozonolysis of Cycloalkanone O-Methyl Oximes: A Comparison with the Peroxidation of Cycloalkanones in Acetonitrile−Sulfuric Acid MediaYuxiang Dong and Jonathan L. VennerstromView Author Information Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 23, 8582–8585Publication Date (Web):October 22, 1998Publication History Received29 June 1998Published online22 October 1998Published inissue 1 November 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/jo981261iCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views674Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (78 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ketones,Organic reactions,Oxides,Peroxidation,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Mineralocorticoids Restore Quiescent Morphology and Reduce VEGF Receptor Expression in Inflamed Choroidal Endothelial Cells in vitro (2008)

Mineralocorticoids may be of potential use in reducing vascular permeability in ocular disease.
The mechanical properties and structure of poly(<i>m</i>‐methylene terephthalate) fibers (1976)

Abstract A study has been carried out of the differences in mechanical properties of oriented fibers of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (2GT), poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (3GT), and poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) (4GT). The properties studied include the tensile stress–strain behavior, the recovery from strain, shrinkage at 100°C and the glass‐transition temperatures. The stress–strain curves of the three materials differ markedly. 2GT shows a monotonic increase in stress with increasing strain up to failure, which occurs at ∼20% strain, and the oriented fibers possess a comparatively high initial modulus. 3GT shows a much lower initial modulus and there is an inflection in the stress–strain curve at about 5% strain. The stress–strain curve of 4GT shows a number of distinct features. Although the initial modulus of 4GT is similar to that of 3GT, the stress–strain curve shows a pronounced plateau in the region between 4% and 12% strain. At higher strains the stresses rise rapidly before failure. These features of the stress–strain curves in the three polymers can be related to previous studies where the x‐ray diffraction spectrum and the Raman spectrum have been examined for fibers under stress. The ranking of both the recovery and shrinkage behavior of these materials is in the order 3GT > 4GT > 2GT. These results can also be understood in terms of the results of the previous structural studies, and it is concluded that the molecular conformations in both the crystalline and noncrystalline regions play a key role in determining the mechanical behavior.
CCR5 Chemokine Receptor Variant in HIV-1 Mother-to-Child Transmission and Disease Progression in Children (1998)

Heterozygosity for the CCR5delta32 deletion does not protect children from infection by the maternal virus but substantially reduces the progression of the disease in HIV-1-infected children.
Possible role of histamine (H<sub>1</sub>‐ and H<sub>2</sub>‐) receptors in the regulation of meningeal blood flow (2002)

1. Vasodilatation in the dura mater has been suggested to play an important role in the pathophysiology of vascular headaches. Histamine may contribute to these vascular changes. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of different histamine receptors in histamine-induced meningeal hyperperfusion using laser Doppler flowmetry. 2. The blood flow in the medial meningeal artery was monitored in the exposed parietal dura mater encephali of barbiturate anaesthetized rats. Local application of histamine (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) onto the dura caused increases in flow to 114.2+/-9.6 and 135.1+/-19.1%, respectively, of the basal flow. 3. Flow increases induced by topical application of histamine (10(-4) M) were reduced by local pretreatment with the H(2)-receptor antagonist cimetidine (0.4 and 4 mM) to 63.4+/-17 and 37.8+/-18.8%, respectively. Systemic pre-administration of cimetidine (5 mg kg(-1) i.v.) did not change histamine-induced flow increases. 4. Local pretreatment with the H(1)-receptor antagonist cetirizine (2 micro M) further increased the flow evoked by topical histamine administration (10(-4) M) to 123.5+/-14.7% of the histamine control. 5. Increases in blood flow induced by i.v. administration of histamine (10 micro g kg(-1)) were reduced by i.v. pre-injection of cetirizine (50 micro g kg(-1)) to 31.9+/-9% but not by i.v. cimetidine (5 mg kg(-1)). 6. We conclude that histamine-induced relaxation of dural arterial vessels is mediated by H(2)-receptors, most likely located on vascular smooth muscle cells, and by endothelial H(1)-receptors. In addition, H(1)-receptors on smooth muscle cells may mediate vasoconstriction.
Recommender Systems for Scientific and Technical Information Providers (2008)

Providers of scientific and technical information are a promising application area of recommender systems due to high search costs for their goods and the general problem of assessing the quality of information products. Nevertheless, the usage of recommendation services in this market is still in its infancy. This book presents economical concepts, statistical methods and algorithms, technical architectures, as well as experiences from case studies on how recommender systems can be integrated.
Systemic and Coronary Hemodynamic Effects of Repetitive Cocaine Administration in Conscious Dogs (1994)

The cardiovascular actions of cocaine are complex, and previous studies suggest that tachyphylaxis to the positive chronotropic and pressor effects of cocaine may develop after repetitive administration. We examined changes in systemic and coronary hemodynamics when single or multiple doses of intravenous (i.v.) cocaine were administered to conscious dogs. Dogs were chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular pressure (LVP), LV dP/dtmax and dP/dt50, subendocardial segment length (%SS), diastolic coronary blood flow (CBF) velocity, and cardiac output (CO). Myocardial oxygen consumption was estimated by the pressure-work index (PWI). In one series of experiments, a single dose of cocaine (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.6 mg/kg) was administered on 5 consecutive days in random fashion and peak changes in systemic and coronary hemodynamics were recorded. These doses were then randomly repeated in a second group of experiments with a 1-h interval between doses on the same day. Peak and steady-state changes in cardiovascular variables were recorded within and between each dose, respectively. In other experiments, higher doses of cocaine (0.8 or 1.6 mg/kg; separate groups) were administered four times at 1-h intervals in the same dogs and peak and steady-state changes in hemodynamics were determined. Cocaine caused dose-related increases in heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), LV systolic pressure (LVSP) and end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), PWI, CO, and diastolic coronary vascular resistance and decreases in %SS when administered on different days. Cocaine also caused significant increases in baseline HR, MAP, LVSP, and PWI between doses given on the same day at 1-h intervals, but the absolute value of the peak response to cocaine of these hemodynamic parameters was independent of dosing regimen. These results were confirmed when we administered four doses of 0.8 mg/kg cocaine at 1-h intervals. The results indicate that baseline changes in systemic hemodynamic variables are a predominant feature of repetitive administration of lower doses of cocaine (< or = 0.8 mg/kg), but administration of higher doses of cocaine (> or = 8 mg/kg) at 1-h intervals caused tachyphylaxis to the hypertensive actions and myocardial oxygen consumption effects of cocaine.
Structural and electrical properties of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 epitaxial films (1993)

Epitaxial La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 films with very smooth surface morphology were grown on (100) SrTiO3 and (100) MgO substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that the thin film is formed by the coalescence of many aligned square mesas. The growth proceeds from the edges of terraces which are stacked on the mesa. Spiral growth is never observed. Films display an crystallographically isotropic metallic-like electrical conductivity but become semiconductor-like after vacuum annealing. The energy for carrier activation is 0.3 eV. The change of the electrical resistivity of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 with oxygen pressure at high temperature is much less sensitive than that of YBa2Cu3O7−x.
Chord-Length Distributions and Related Quantities for Spheroids (1984)

The chord-length distributions are derived that result when spheroids are randomly traversed by straight lines. The first part of the article applies generally to convex domains in three-dimensional or two-dimensional space; the relationships between the chord-length distributions and their moments for different types of randomness are summarized. Subsequently the chord-length distributions, the point-pair distance distributions, and the geometric reduction factors are derived by a suitable transformation from the distributions for the sphere. All integrals can be resolved and the resulting formulae are valid for both prolate and oblate spheroids. The moments of the chord-length distributions are obtained by the same transformation from those for the sphere. The solutions for ellipses are given in the Appendix and contain Legendre integrals.
Numerical Simulation of Flow Patterns of Spherical Particles in a Semi-Cylindrical Bin-Hopper (2008)

This study numerically investigated the flow patterns of spherical particles in a semi‐cylindrical bin‐hopper with (or without) a semi‐conical obstacle using the 3‐D model based on discrete element method. By referring to the method of Johanson [1], the placement of a semi‐conical obstacle in the semi‐cylindrical bin‐hopper was determined. The numerical predictions of flow patterns were visualized by the computer software Auto CAD. This research results not only show the quasi‐stagnant zone adjacent to the wall can be shrunken, but also present the method to visualize the flow patterns of any portion of particles in the semi‐cylindrical bin‐hopper at a certain time step.