gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Separation, Enrichment, and Recovery of Peptides by Silica-Supported Polyethylenimine (2014)

Highly efficient and charge-selective adsorption and desorption of peptides at trace level by a solid-phase adsorbent is described. The adsorbent of SiO2@PEI is synthesized by covalent immobilization of branched polyethylenimines (PEI) exclusively on the outer surface of the porous silica particles (∼300 μm). For aqueous peptides (Mw = 600-3000 Da), SiO2@PEI can capture the negatively charged ones and leave the positively charged ones intact, and by adjusting pH of the system peptides with different isoelectric points (pIs) can be well separated. Targeted peptide at low abundance (at least as low as 0.1 mol % with respect to the highest one) can be well separated. The association constants of K > 10(12) M(-1) at pH > pI and K < 10(4) M(-1) at pH < pI are found; that is, selectivity > 10(8) is generally available. Thus, a peptide even at sub-femtomolar level can be extracted and eluted for analysis, and efficient recovery (79-92%) of the peptides is found. The extraction is mainly promoted by multisite electrostatic interaction, and the hydrophilic and cationic properties of PEI at low pH play a unique role in desorption efficiency and selectivity. The unbiased nature of this method renders the adsorbent applicable to the efficient separation of a broad spectrum of peptides, including those with similar pIs.
Measurement of Electron-Hole Friction in an<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>-Doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>GaAs</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>AlGaAs</mml:mi></mml:math>Quantum Well Using Optical Transient Grating Spectroscopy (2011)

We use phase-resolved transient grating spectroscopy to measure the drift and diffusion of electron-hole density waves in a semiconductor quantum well. The unique aspects of this optical probe allow us to determine the frictional force between a two-dimensional Fermi liquid of electrons and a dilute gas of holes. Knowledge of electron-hole friction enables prediction of ambipolar dynamics in high-mobility electron systems.
Direct-view three dimensional display tube (1962)

The Three-Dimensional Display Tube is a novel type of cathode-ray tube that directly displays volumetric analogue information. In contrast to other presentations in which the third dimension is simulated stereoscopically or with color, this device displays the information in actual space. The 3-D Display Tube utilizes a phosphor-coated disc spinning at 900 rpm within an evacuated sphere. Upon excitation by a cathode-ray beam at selected times, any point inthe volume "swept out" by the rotating disc may be illuminated at 30 cps. The result is true volumetric analogue display, which is visible without any special viewing position or glasses. Thus, minimum observer fatigue and equal display resolution in depth are possible as compared with existing stereoscopic 3-D display. Different color phosphors on either side of the disc and appropriate cathode-ray beam gating provide a simple means of two-color display. Also, special deflection scans that are compatible with particular display requirements can result in a display equal in brightness and quality to commercial television display. Technical aspects of this type of div play such as brightness, data storage requirements, and feed circuit bandwidths will be discussed.
Metagenomic analysis of the uterine bacterial microbiota in healthy and metritic postpartum dairy cows (2010)

At present, many bacterial species are validly known as etiological agents of dairy cattle metritis, yet the vast uncultured fraction has received no attention so far. The purpose of this study was to use culture-independent methods to describe and compare the uterine bacterial composition in healthy and metritic postpartum Holstein dairy cows. Both group-specific 16S ribosomal DNA PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library sequencing of broad-range 16S ribosomal DNA PCR revealed differences in the bacterial communities comparing healthy and metritic cows. Bacterial diversity in healthy and metritic uteri was greater and more complex than described previously by traditional culture methods. Sequences were assigned to 5 major groups (Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Tenericutes) and to uncultured bacteria. Additionally, DGGE suggested the presence of Actinobacteria. Most clone sequences in the metritic status libraries were affiliated with the phylum Fusobacteria. Many components, especially from other phyla, have not previously been isolated from cases of metritis. In the clone libraries from the healthy status dairy cows, Gammaproteobacteria was the most prominent group and most sequences showed high identity with Mannheimia varigena, Pasteurella hemolytica, and members of the phylum Tenericutes. Our data showed that the uterine bacterial community in postpartum dairy cows differed considerably between healthy and metritic cows and described the occurrence of a previously unrecognized extent of this diversity in the bovine intrauterine microbiota.
A gestão participativa dos recursos hídricos no setor mineral brasileiro. (2017)

A água é um recurso mineral de valor inestimável para a economia de qualquer País. A mineração é uma atividade que tem forte dependência da água em seus processos e métodos. Visando a valorização e o controle sustentável de uso da água no território brasileiro foi estabelecida em 1997 a Lei Federal número 9.433 sobre a "Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos". Esta lei estabelece mecanismos de gestão descentralizada e participativa visando a manutenção da quantidade e qualidade da água num contexto geral. Por este dispositivo legal foram criadas algumas ferramentas de gestão de recursos hídricos, de âmbito nacional, tais como: - o Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos; o Enquadramento dos Corpos de Água; a Outorga Pelo Direito de Uso; a Cobrança Pelo Uso e o Sistema de Informações Sobre Recursos Hídricos. Este artigo apresenta os principais pontos da gestão de recursos hídricos relacionados ao setor mineral brasileiro e apresenta um exemplo de aplicação real desta regulamentação num empreendimento mineral nacional.
An R2R3 MYB transcription factor associated with regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in Rosaceae (on linr) (2010)

Background - The control of plant anthocyanin accumulation is via transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding the biosynthetic enzymes. A key activator appears to be an R2R3 MYB transcription factor. In apple fruit, skin anthocyanin levels are controlled by a gene called MYBA or MYB1, while the gene determining fruit flesh and foliage anthocyanin has been termed MYB10. In order to further understand tissue-specific anthocyanin regulation we have isolated orthologous MYB genes from all the commercially important rosaceous species. Results - We use gene specific primers to show that the three MYB activators of apple anthocyanin (MYB10/MYB1/MYBA) are likely alleles of each other. MYB transcription factors, with high sequence identity to the apple gene were isolated from across the rosaceous family (e.g. apples, pears, plums, cherries, peaches, raspberries, rose, strawberry). Key identifying amino acid residues were found in both the DNA-binding and c-terminal domains of these MYBs. The expression of these MYB10 genes correlates with fruit and flower anthocyanin levels. Their function was tested in tobacco and strawberry. In tobacco, these MYBs were shown to induce the anthocyanin pathway when co-expressed with bHLHs, while over-expression of strawberry and apple genes in the crop of origin elevates anthocyanins. Conclusions - This family-wide study of rosaceous R2R3 MYBs provides insight into the evolution of this plant trait. It has implications for the development of new coloured fruit and flowers, as well as aiding the understanding of temporal-spatial colour change
A Criterion and an Algorithm for Grouping Data (1970)

Many algorithms for grouping data without supervision depend on some criterion. We state two basic requirements such criteria should meet and we discuss several criteria in terms of these requirements. An attempt to satisfy both requirements simultaneously with a simple criterion leads us to introduce a linear transformation of the data. Although our principal result is for a two category problem, we present discussion and an example for the many category problem as well.
Contact Fretting of Electronic Connectors (1999)

This paper is abstracted from a chapter by the author, entitled &quot;Tribology of Electronic Connectors: Contact Sliding Wear, Fretting, and Lubrication,&quot; which appears in the book, ########## ######### ########## ### ############, edited by P. Slade, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., to be published.
Bi-Hadoop: Extending Hadoop to Improve Support for Binary-Input Applications (2013)

The MapReduce programming model, along with its open-source implementation - Hadoop - has provided a cost effective solution for many data-intensive applications. Hadoop stores data distributively and exploits data locality by assigning tasks to where data is stored. Many data-intensive applications, however, require two (or more) input data for each of their tasks. Such applications pose significant challenges for Hadoop as the inputs to one task often reside on multiple nodes, and Hadoop is unable to discover data locality in this scenario. This often leads to excessive data transfers and significant degradations in application performance. In this paper, we present Bi-Hadoop, an efficient extension of Hadoop to better support binary-input applications. Bi-Hadoop integrates an easy-to-use user interface, a binary-input aware task scheduler, and a caching subsystem. Extensive experiments show that Bi-Hadoop can significantly improve the execution of binary-input applications by reducing the data transfer overhead, and outperforms existing Hadoop by up to 3.3x.
Light and cheap flat foam-based Luneburg lens antenna (2014)

The control of dielectric constant is an important issue in the design of many microwave antenna systems such as gradient index lens antennas. An innovative technological process has been developed to easily manufacture dielectric based antenna systems and microwave components from the use of foam material. This process is cheap and easy to implement. It has been applied to design a flat Luneburg lens from one single foam material. The good agreement between simulations and measurements of the lens antenna between 57 and 65 GHz validate the proposed technology.
<title>Rapid integrated circuit delayering without grass</title> (1996)

Reactive ion etching (RIE) provides a rapid method for delayering integrated circuits. A problem that can prevent successful delayering is the 'grass' that sometimes occurs during plasma etching of silicon dioxide on integrated circuits by CF<SUB>4</SUB> or CF<SUB>4</SUB> plus O<SUB>2</SUB> plasmas. RIE grass is due to micro-etch-masking of the silicon dioxide surface by foreign materials. The consequence is poor delayering results. In this paper we demonstrate that RIE grass has three basic causes, each of which results in a different physical appearance. The first type of grass is due to sputter re-deposition of package materials such as gold. This can only be eliminated by masking the gold from exposure to the plasma. The second type of RIE grass is due to attack of exposed aluminum chip metallization which results in micro-etch-masking by aluminum or aluminum compounds. This can be avoided by eliminating O<SUB>2</SUB> from the gas supply whenever aluminum lines are exposed. The third type of grass is due to plasma etch chemistry which results in polymer formation on the sample surface. This can be eliminated by reducing the gas pressure which increases plasma potential and therefore increases sputtering.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFr) status detection in correlation to objective response on cetuximab-based therapy in patients (pts) with advanced colorectal cancer (ACC) (2007)

21070 Background: In current clinical practice Cetuximab represents a standard therapy for Irinotecan resistant pts with ACC, where EGFR-immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation is positive. In absence of reliable molecular predictors of the clinical benefit to anti-EGFR therapy, we have studied EGFR protein expression and gene status in order to correlate them to the clinical response. Methods: We investigated 40 primary colorectal carcinoma specimens. EGFR-protein expression was evaluated by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using PharmDX-Kit DAKO Cytomation. IHC evaluation was performed using combined score based on the sum of percentage of positive cells and the staining of each sample. We identified three EGFR-score categories: 0–2, 3–5, 6–7 corresponding to low, intermediate and high expression respectively. EGFR-genetic status was conducted by Dual-Colour FISH (LSI EGFR-probe Vysis Inc).Gene and chromosome 7 copy numbers were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH-LSI EGFR-Dual-colour-probe Vysis-Inc) as follows: tumor samples had a high EGFR-gene copy number if there was high polysomy ( 4-copies 40% of cells) or gene amplification (gene-clusters, gene/chromosome ratio per cell of 2, 15 copies of EGFR/ cell in 10% of cells) . The analysis of clinical data from all patients treated with Cetuximab (400–250mg/m 2 /w) and Irinotecan (300mg/m 2 /d1q21) was then performed. Results: EGFR-(IHC) high score was observed in 7pts from which only 2 had an objective response (OR). Intermediate (13pts) with 3 OR, low (12pts) with 1 OR and negative (8pts) with 2OR. Main FISH patterns were: high polisomy/amplification in 8pts with no response on cetuximab therapy. Low polisomy described in 19pts with 3 cases of disease remission. Disomy in 13pts with 5OR. No relationship was detected between IHC-score evaluation and FISH pattern. The clinical benefit (OR+stable disease =6months) was 65% in score-group 0–2; whereas 46% and 57% in groups 3–5/6–7 respectively, without statistical significance. Conclusion: According to our experience, IHC and FISH are unable to provide adequate selection criteria for the patients with different EGFR-status expression, who can benefit from Cetuximab therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
William E. Lyons (1994)

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The research progress of using the mammalian olfaction for cancer diagnosis (2013)

The high mortality associated with lung cancer is mainly due to late diagnoses. Hence, developing inexpensive and simple methods to enable an early diagnosis is very important. The exhalations of patents with cancer are known to contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs are therefore regarded to be cancer biomarkers. Recently, several studies have shown that trained dogs can be used to detect cancers with high sensitivity and specificity. Dogs are used to detect drugs or explosives due to their extraordinarily sensitive olfactory systems, which have detection thresholds as low as parts per trillion. These findings suggest that mammals could contribute to the screening and detection of lung cancer. Here we summarize the exhaled-breath detection technologies applied for the diagnosis of lung cancer such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and e-Nose. We then focus on the detection of lung cancer using trained dogs. Finally, we describe a new exhaled-breath detection technology called "bioelectronic Nose".
Treatment of canine heart disease (2012)

Chronic valvular heart disease (CVHD) accounts for 75 per cent of canine heart  disease and around 10 per cent of cases seen by first-opinion vets. Cardiomyopathies are less common but make up around 20 per cent of cases. Typically, this is dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) but other terminologies are used for variations. The diagnosis and treatment of canine heart disease, especially CVHD, is one in which there  has been recent progress with important clinical research studies and a better understanding of the disease in recent years.

Arrhythmias and congenital and pericardial disease constitute a small proportion of the caseload seen in first-opinion practice. Management of arrhythmias is complicated by a lack of evidence-based medicine (EBM) and a limited range of drugs available. A list of drugs used for treatment of canine cardiac disease is given in the table on pages 22 and 23, including reference to whether these are currently licensed for use in dogs in the UK. Implantable pacemakers are now routine for a number of bradycardias, but implantable defibrillators are not yet practicable in dogs. Treatment of arrhythmias ideally centres on the resolution or management of the underlying cause. Interventional procedures for resolving some arrhythmias are now available and interventional procedures for some  congenital conditions are now routine.

Management of pericardial disease still relies on drainage and in some cases surgical intervention. However, because these conditions are much less common, the focus of this article will be CVHD and DCM.

Veterinarians increasingly appreciate the importance of making decisions based, where possible, on data from EBM. Cardi­ology is one field in which large strides have been made in recent years; however, controversy still exists and in some areas there is a paucity of data. Where EBM is not available or is of limited value, there is reliance on a combination …
Bifunctional Dendronized Cellulose Surfaces as Biosensors (2011)

Well-defined dendronized cellulose substrates displaying multiple representations of dual-functionality were constructed by taking advantage of the efficiency of the click reaction combined with traditional anhydride chemistry. First, activated cellulose surfaces were decorated with several generations of dendrons, and their peripheral reactive groups were subsequently reacted with a trifunctional orthogonal monomer. The generated substrate tool box was successfully explored by accurately tuning the surface function using a versatile orthogonal dual postfunctionalization approach. In general, the reactions were monitored by using a click-dye reagent or a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique, and the resulting surfaces were well-characterized using XPS, FT-IR, and contact angle measurements. Utilizing this approach two different surfaces have been obtained; that is, triethylenglycol oligomers and amoxicillin molecules were efficiently introduced to the dendritic surface. As a second example, mannose-decorated hydroxyl functional surfaces illustrated their potential as biosensors by multivalent detection of lectin protein at concentration as low as 5 nM.
Regulation and Function of WASp in Platelets by the Collagen Receptor, Glycoprotein VI (1999)

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked recessive disorder associated with abnormalities in platelets and lymphocytes giving rise to thrombocytopenia and immunodeficiency. WAS is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the cytoskeletal protein (WASp). Despite its importance, the role of WASp in platelet function is not established. WASp was recently shown to undergo tyrosine phosphorylation in platelets after activation by collagen, suggesting that it may play a selective role in activation by the adhesion molecule. In the present study, we show that WASp is heavily tyrosine phosphorylated by a collagen-related peptide (CRP) that binds to the collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI, but not to the integrin alpha2beta1. Tyrosine phosphorylation of WASp was blocked by Src family kinase inhibitors and reduced by treatment with wortmannin and in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), a condition caused by a lack of functional expression of Btk. This indicates that Src kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), and Btk all contribute to the regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of WASp. The functional importance of WASp was investigated in 2 WAS brothers who show no detectable expression of WASp. Platelet aggregation and secretion from dense granules induced by CRP and thrombin was slightly enhanced in the WAS platelets relative to controls. Furthermore, there was no apparent difference in morphology in WAS platelets after stimulation by these agonists. These observations suggest that WASp does not play a critical role in intracellular signaling downstream of tyrosine kinase-linked and G protein-coupled receptors in platelets.
Natural frequencies of sliders and transducers used to detect slider-disk contacts (1989)

The natural frequencies of the various transducers and sliders were studied by finite element modeling and experimentation. Finite element analysis shows that the lowest ringing frequency of a 3370 slider is around 310 kHz. This value has been verified by the laser Doppler vibrometer and AE (acoustic emission) measurements. It is determined that the lowest natural frequency of a mini-Winchester slider is around 130 kHz. The 140-kHz frequencies reported in the literature using the two-rail sliders with piezoelectric transducers attached to the slider and the 160-kHz frequencies reported using AE transducers attached to the suspension mount are associated with the natural frequencies of these transducers and not of the sliders.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mediterranien cuttlefish sepia officinalis squid ink is cytotoxic but does not inhibit Glioblastoma U87 tumor cells proliferation, with high nutritional values of edible viscera (2014)

This study aims to identify nutritional values of some viscera's cuttlefish Sepia officinalis commonly edible in Tunisia (Nidamental gland, hepatopancreas, male gonad, squid ink) and to evaluate the role of cuttlefish ink, on viability and proliferation of human glioblastoma cells U87.Biochemical analysis shows that solid and liquid viscera are rich in water, in Protein and in total Ash. They contain less fat and Carbohydrates. Energy values are substantial. Sex and Cooking over low have no significant effect on these nutritional values. These results lead us to encourage the use of these marine co-products (generally rejected), not only for food but for prevent and reduce the incidence of certain diseases. In fact our results show also a cytotoxic effect of cuttlefish ink at increasing doses on human cells cancer Glioblastoma U87 for an incubation time of 5 hours with a concentration higher than 20g/ml. The IC50 value is 25g/ml which may be due to tyrosinase, responsible for the cephalopod ink toxic. Supernatant of cuttlefish ink Sepia offinalis does not block proliferation of cancer cells U87 during 4 days of incubation. Further analyses are warranted and necessary to substantiate and complete our findings such as the study of the effect of this ink in adhesion and migration of Glioblastoma cells U87.