gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-performance capillary electrophoresis of SDS-protein complexes using UV-transparent polymer networks (1992)

This paper demonstrates the use of UV-transparent replaceable polymer networks for the separation of SDS-protein complexes on the basis of molecular weight. First, the use of linear (i.e. non-cross-linked) polyacrylamide is shown to provide molecular separation of SDS-protein complexes. A study reveals such columns to yield significantly greater lifetime than cross-linked gels because of the flexibility of the noncovalently attached polymer chains. However, column lifetime was still found to be limited (approximately 20-40 injections), and detection at 214 nm was problematical because of the absorbance of polyacrylamide. UV-transparent polymer networks of dextran and PEG were substituted for polyacrylamide with successful molecular weight sieving of SDS-protein complexes at 214 nm. Due to their low to moderate viscosities, these networks could be routinely replaced leading to the possibility of hundreds of injections with a single column. Migration time reproducibilities of 0.5% RSD or less were found with replacement of the network. Using dextran, calibration plots of peak area vs concentration of standard protein were linear over the range of 0.5 microgram/mL up to at least 0.25 mg/mL. Furthermore, plasma samples could be directly utilized because of the strong solvating power of SDS. Rapid separation of protein mixtures are demonstrated with these UV-transparent polymer networks.
[Impact of lifestyle changes on hypertension and diabetes]. (2004)

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are of great importance for morbidity and mortality in Germany. At a current prevalence of 20% of adults for hypertension, and at least 5-8% for diabetes, there appears to be an increasing tendency. This demographic development resulting in an increase in the need for treatment is aligned against a decrease in resources in the public health sector. The present article takes a look at the nonpharmacological basic treatment of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. For so-called lifestyle interventions such as weight reduction, dietary changes, etc., an impact on blood pressure and metabolism has been shown, which in many cases is comparable with that of medical treatment. A number of studies have shown that these measures are successful in terms of the primary and secondary prevention of sequelae.
Direct Osmotic Concentration: A Primary Water Treatment Process for Space Life Support Applications (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">For wastewater treatment applications, membrane processes are known to provide excellent treatment but are subject to failure due to membrane fouling. The Direct Osmotic Concentration (DOC) system evaluated in this study provides a membrane based primary treatment process capable of overcoming this problem. A full scale test apparatus containing full scale test module membrane cells has been developed and has undergone preliminary testing that provides a basis for comparison with other primary water recycle process concepts.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This study confirms and extends the initial testing of this hardware and determines the required improvements to the existing test mo dules. These improvements, in addition to future testing, are intended to complete the validation of the concept and mature the hardware to the point that human rated test equipment design and development can be based directly on the test module derived data. Information is also presented such that life support architecture designers and modelers can accurately consider DOC along side other processes for primary water treatment and recycle based on the data developed to date.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">From the preliminary results, DOC systems should be capable of recovering (as potable water) greater than 97 % of all hygiene, urine, and condensate water collected in a space habitat. DOC is capable of this with no resupply and low energy cost and should be considered carefully in future space life support system architecture and modeling studies.</div>
Unusual room temperature CO2 uptake in a fluoro-functionalized MOF: insight from Raman spectroscopy and theoretical studies (2012)

We herein report an unusual CO(2) adsorption behavior in a fluoro-functionalized MOF {[Zn(SiF(6))(pyz)(2)]·2MeOH}(n) (1) with a 1D channel system, which is made up of pyrazine and SiF(6)(2-) moieties. Surprisingly, desolvated 1 (1') adsorbs higher amounts of CO(2) at 298 K than at 195 K, which is in contrast to the usual trend. Combined Raman spectroscopic and theoretical studies reveal that slanted pyrazine rings in 1' with an angle of 17.2° with respect to the (200) Zn(II)-Si plane at low temperature block the channel windows and thus reduce the uptake amount.
Genotypic Variation and Stability of Four Variable-Number Tandem Repeats and Their Suitability for Discriminating Strains of<i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> (2004)

It has not been possible to distinguish different strains of Mycobacterium leprae according to their genetic sequence. However, the genome contains several variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR), which have been used effectively in strain typing of other bacteria. To determine their suitability for differentiating M. leprae, we developed PCR systems to amplify 5 different VNTR loci and examined a battery of 12 M. leprae strains derived from patients in different regions of the United States, Brazil, Mexico, and the Philippines, as well as from wild armadillos and a sooty mangabey monkey. We found diversity at four VNTR (D = 0.74), but one system (C(16)G(8)) failed to yield reproducible results. Alleles for the GAA VNTR varied in length from 10 to 16 copies, those for AT(17) varied in length from 10 to 15 copies, those for GTA varied in length from 9 to 12 copies, and those for TA(18) varied in length from 13 to 20 copies. Relatively little variation was seen with interspecies transfer of bacilli or during short-term passage of strains in nude mice or armadillos. The TA(18) locus was more polymorphic than other VNTR, and genotypic variation was more common after long-term expansion in armadillos. Most strain genotypes remained fairly stable in passage, but strain Thai-53 showed remarkable variability. Statistical cluster analysis segregated strains and passage samples appropriately but did not reveal any particular genotype associable with different regions or hosts of origin. VNTR polymorphisms can be used effectively to discriminate M. leprae strains. Inclusion of additional loci and other elements will likely lead to a robust typing system that can be used in community-based epidemiological studies and select clinical applications.
Photodissociation of CBrCl3 at 234 and 265 nm: Evidence of the curve crossing (1999)

The photodissociation dynamics of CBrCl3 was studied near 234 and 265 nm using a two-dimensional photofragment ion imaging technique. Bromine fragments monitored in this study were produced via direct dissociation of CBrCl3, represented by CBrCl3→CCl3+Br(2P1/2)/Br(2P3/2). The branching ratio of Br(2P1/2) (denoted Br*)/Br(2P3/2) (denoted Br) showed strong excitation energy dependence. The product quantum yields at two different excitation wavelengths were Φ 234 nm(Br*)=0.31±0.01 and Φ 265 nm(Br*)=0.68±0.02, respectively. The speed and angular distributions of Br* and Br fragments were determined. Similar values of β(234 nm)=−0.44 and β(265 nm)=−0.47 for Br were observed, while β values for Br* were found to be markedly different, β(234 nm)=−0.34 and β(265 nm)=1.43. The strong curve crossing, 1Q1→3Q0, and the angular distribution of Br* suggesting a typical perpendicular transition, were observed at 234 nm photodissociation.
A Model for Infrastructure Sharing in mmWave Cellular Networks (2018)

Competing cellular operators aggressively share infrastructure in many major US markets. If operators also share spectrum licenses, intra- cellular interference will become correlated with inter-cellular interference. We propose a mathematical framework to model a two-operator millimeter-wave (mmWave) cellular network with co- located base-stations (BSs). We then characterize the SINR distribution for an arbitrary network to understand the impact of varying the spatial correlation between the operators' networks. An interesting observation is that sharing spectrum and infrastructure yields a higher rate coverage probability for higher rate thresholds, but has a lower coverage for lower thresholds. This suggests that networks catering for low-rate, limited-QoS devices, are at a disadvantage when spectrum and infrastructure are shared.
Low Temperature CVD Growth of Epitaxial HgTe on CdTe (1981)

Epitaxial layers of on substrates have been grown by a low temperature metal organic CVD technique at temperatures of 325°–350°C. Thin films of exhibiting good crystalline perfection were formed by the reaction of Hg vapor and dimethyl telluride. Similar techniques may provide an alternative growth method for the epitaxial growth of at low temperatures.
Performance improvements in arrayed waveguide grating modules (2002)

The future of telecom system design relies heavily on combining many optical devices into multifunctional modules with superior performance, lower cost, and smaller overall package size. The AWG module developments discussed here will afford comprehensive benefits to advanced optical networks. Current AWG development efforts focus on lowering insertion loss, reducing crosstalk, increasing channel bandwidth, decreasing channel spacing, managing dispersion, decreasing package size, and incorporating intelligent electronics. Better matching of the waveguide geometry and index of the integrated circuit to the optical fiber reduces the coupling loss. Other design optimizations to the waveguide bend radius and waveguide pitch at the slab can decrease circuit loss. High quality processing reduces the inhomogenieties that cause phase errors in AWGs and thus increase channel crosstalk. Optical design modifications in AWG waveguide tapers at the slab can change the passband shape and increase the channel bandwidth. Dispersion can be managed by better controlling the dispersion slope allowing for compensation. Innovations for temperature control circuitry and novel packaging designs and materials allow for smaller modules and reduced power consumption.
Introduction and solutions to NOE path planning with incomplete information (2002)

This paper addresses the nap-of-the-Earth (NOE) path planning with incomplete information. We first define the path planning for NOE flight. Then we discuss how to divide the problem into several subproblems. For each of the subproblems, we propose a clear definition along with a brief description of the solutions to the subproblem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cemented Ball-Activated Sliding Sleeves Improve Well Economics and Efficiency (2009)

Abstract This paper examines the effectiveness of a completion technique where ball-activated sliding sleeves (BASS) are cemented into the wellbore. This technique allows operators to change zones between fracture-stimulation treatments by dropping balls from surface, instead of using the conventional pumpdown plug and perforating method. A five-well group completed with this method is compared to its direct offsets that were completed conventionally to draw conclusions. Initial studies show that this completion method reduces the time and cost to complete a horizontal well while yielding production that is equivalent to or better than the offset wells. Preliminary research shows that the BASS group average 30-day Initial Production (IP) was approximately 25% better than the offset well average, and that the 9-month IP was approximately 33% better than the offset well average. Using the ball-drop completion technique, production increases were accompanied by faster completion times, a reduction in required hydraulic horsepower (HHP), and substantial cost savings. On average, wells that were completed using the cemented BASS showed no cost increase during the drilling phase, and reduced the mechanical completion cost by $20,000 to $40,000 per well when compared to offset wells. The primary efficiency driver during completion is the ability to prepare the well for fracture stimulation and complete multiple stages of fracture stimulation without having to utilize a workover unit. Additional time savings occurs between fracture-stimulation treatments; this method reduces downtime between stages from 3 hours to 20 minutes. This time savings can lead to more efficient use of equipment, which benefits the operator and the pumping company and improves community relations.
Ugly Music (2010)

Listening to music from a variety of national, ethnic, and historical traditions may help adolescents develop respect for individual differences, particularly when they are challenged to confront music that has little immediate musical appeal for them. This article outlines strategies for two sample listening lessons, using Serbo-Croatian gusle epics as an example of seemingly “ugly” music. Information about the gusle tradition is given, along with suggested resources for teaching these lessons. One lesson helps students evaluate music using descriptive rather than judgmental words, whereas the other promotes discussion of music’s cultural and personal meanings by comparing and contrasting very familiar and very unfamiliar music. In addition, suggestions are provided for legally downloading Internet videos for classroom use.
Monolithic semiconductor soliton transmitter (1994)

Future soliton transmission systems rely on suitable sources of solitons. During the last few years, several candidates have been reported, including mode-locked monolithic semiconductor lasers,1-4 mode-locked hybrid-cavity lasers,5 gain-switched semiconductor lasers followed by filtering and pulse compression,6 mode-locked fiber ring lasers (for example, see Refs. 7-9), as well as electroabsorption10 and Mach-Zehnder11 modulators shaping the solitons from a cw beam. A subset of the soliton sources are the mode-locked monolithic extended-cavity lasers. After a general review of the field, this talk focuses on a monolithic integrated semiconductor device that provides the functionality of a soliton transmitter in a single chip.
Las asombrosas transformaciones de América Latina (1997)

El articulo de Sebastian Edwards titulado �El bajo rendimiento de America Latina� que fuera publicado por este medio en el numero anterior, suscito una serie de criticas sobre las definiciones y perspectivas del autor. Publicamos en esta seccion una de ellas que resalta el valor historico de los cambios en el sistema economico de los paises de la region en la ultima decada.
Compact wide scan -angle antennas for automotive applications and RF MEMS switchable frequency -selective surfaces. (2004)

The objective of this thesis is to develop antenna systems for automotive radar applications at 24 and 77 GHz, separately and simultaneously, and which combine good performance with wide scan-angle, compactness, and low cost of production. Tapered-slot antennas (TSAs) are used as feed antennas to a single homogeneous spherical Teflon lens. This is a low-cost solution, and due to the small physical cross-section of the feed antennas, a very wide field of view is possible. The dependence of sidelobe level, directivity, and efficiency on the feed location is investigated in simulations and experiment, and a maximum achievable gain of around 38 dB is found. Using a lens with a radius of 6.42lambda<sub> 0</sub> at 77 GHz (25 mm), a sidelobe level of -20 dB and a gain of 29.4 dB is demonstrated which corresponds to a total system efficiency of 49%, not taking the losses in the TSA into account. Next, antenna arrays using a spherical Teflon lens are designed at 24 and 77 GHz with a scan-angle of up to 180° while maintaining a low sidelobe level of -16 to -20 dB. The size of this multibeam antenna design is reduced using a hemispherical Teflon lens with backside metallization instead of a sphere. Further, the feed antennas for 24 and 77 GHz are integrated into a single aperture, using frequency-selective surfaces (FFSs), thus further increasing the compactness of the system. In a related project, this thesis demonstrates the first RF MEMS Switchable frequency-selective surface. A polarization independent FSS using four-legged loaded elements is designed using 2.5 and 3-dimensional electromagnetic solvers and equivalent circuit models. High resistivity bias lines are avoided by connecting the elements through air bridges. The impact of the bias circuitry for normal and oblique incidence is explained and the loading MEMS bridges are placed accordingly. An FSS consisting of 909 unit cells with 3,636 movable membranes is built on a 3<super>″</super> glass wafer using standard micromachining processes. The measured insertion loss at 30.2 GHz in inidband is 2.0 dB in transmit mode (bridges up) and 27 dB in reflection mode (bridges down). The FSS can also be tuned in an analog fashion with a pass-band center frequency of 30.2 to 29.4 GHz. The power handling of the switchable FSS is estimated to be >60--100 W before any of the bridges is actuated by the RF power for <italic>V<sub> p</sub></italic> = 20--30 V, or before any thermal limits are reached at the center of the array with active air cooling provided.
Iambic Double Vowel Shift Cascades (2011)

VOWEL (SHIFT) CASCADES (02-53,192) are sentential or meaningful WORD LADDERS that run thru the vowels in one spot, eg, Bad bed bid bod bud. (Bedbugs, VD or pregnancy?) Vowel cascades can also be PHONIC: Bait beat: "Bite!" bought boot (The Shoe of the Fisherman). Susan Thorpe (11-155) calls meaningless examples of PHONETIC VOWEL ROTATIONS, although rotator has a prior wordplay meaning as a non-mirror word inversion like up/dn (see up/dn). She gives many good non-sentential examples with long vowel sounds but ignores short vowels.
Linking basic heading PPPs across regions : fifth technical advisory group meeting (April 18-19, 2011) (2011)

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the issues regarding the choice of methods to link basic heading purchasing power parities (PPPs) across regions. While the regions developed their own set of products for household consumption basic headings, global specifications were used for machinery and equipment, construction, government compensation, and dwellings. For both the regional and global lists, the emphasis was on choosing the method to estimate the basic heading PPPs that will produce the best set of regional PPPs. A ring list of products, that was a composite of the regional lists and covered most of the consumption basic headings, was developed and priced by a subset of countries within each region. The discussion starts with a review of the methodology used to link basic heading PPPs in the 2005 international comparison program (ICP). The paper concludes with a brief review of two other methods, first that used by the Statistical Office of the European Communities- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (Eurostat- OECD) because it may be a solution for those countries not part of a regional comparison, or can be used in conjunction with the final method to be discussed. The fourth method is that presented by Heston to deal with the problem with comparability when some but not all regions used productivity adjustments. This method should also be considered for those basic headings where all countries will be pricing the same global list.
Conformational stability of pGEX‐expressed <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> glutathione S‐transferase: A detoxification enzyme and fusion‐protein affinity tag (1997)

A glutathione S-transferase (Sj26GST) from Schistosoma japonicum, which functions in the parasite's Phase II detoxification pathway, is expressed by the Pharmacia pGEX-2T plasmid and is used widely as a fusion-protein affinity tag. It contains all 217 residues of Sj26GST and an additional 9-residue peptide linker with a thrombin cleavage site at its C-terminus. Size-exclusion HPLC (SEC-HPLC) and SDS-PAGE studies indicate that purification of the homodimeric protein under nonreducing conditions results in the reversible formation of significant amounts of 160-kDa and larger aggregates without a loss in catalytic activity. The basis for oxidative aggregation can be ascribed to the high degree of exposure of the four cysteine residues per subunit. The conformational stability of the dimeric protein was studied by urea- and temperature-induced unfolding techniques. Fluorescence-spectroscopy, SEC-HPLC, urea- and temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis, differential scanning microcalorimetry, and enzyme activity were employed to monitor structural and functional changes. The unfolding data indicate the absence of thermodynamically stable intermediates and that the unfolding/refolding transition is a two-state process involving folded native dimer and unfolded monomer. The stability of the protein was found to be dependent on its concentration, with a delta G degree (H2O) = 26.0 +/- 1.7 kcal/mol. The strong relationship observed between the m-value and the size of the protein indicates that the amount of protein surface area exposed to solvent upon unfolding is the major structural determinant for the dependence of the protein's free energy of unfolding on urea concentration. Thermograms obtained by differential scanning microcalorimetry also fitted a two-state unfolding transition model with values of delta Cp = 7,440 J/mol per K, delta H = 950.4 kJ/mol, and delta S = 1,484 J/mol.
Inclusion-body myositis and Alzheimer disease (2006)

Inclusion-body myositis (IBM) is an age-related, slowly progressive degenerative disorder of the skeletal musculature with no effective treatment. Clinically, the disease is characterized by the atrophy of both proximal and distal muscle groups, leading to a gradually advancing weakness.1 The muscle fibers from IBM patients display characteristic vacuolizations and contain heterogeneous, filamentous inclusions.2 Although initially characterized as a form of polymyositis, the disease is only weakly responsive to corticosteroid treatment or other forms of immunomodulation and is now recognized as a distinct disease entity.

Aspects of IBM pathology share intriguing similarities to that of Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common form of elderly dementia. The severe cognitive dysfunction in AD is brought about by massive neurodegenerative changes to the brain. The bulk of available evidence implicates a small protein fragment, the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), as the major causative element in the neurodegenerative process.3,4 In the AD brain, Aβ is deposited extracellularly as amyloid, and is the major proteinaceous component of the neuritic plaques that can be found throughout the cortex. For over a decade, it has been known that Aβ—or larger protein fragments that contain it—also accumulate as part of the characteristic intracellular lesions of IBM.2,5,6 What is unknown is whether or not this is important for IBM pathogenesis.

Strong evidence for a role of the amyloid β-protein precursor (APP), APP fragments, Aβ, or all three, in the pathogenesis of IBM comes from several sources.6,7 The appearance of Aβ-positive, noncongophilic deposits precedes vacuolization in IBM muscle fibers.8 Further, APP mRNA is increased in the disease state,9 suggesting that the over expression of the precursor protein may be sufficient to cause pathology. As expected, the in vitro over expression of APP in muscle cells leads to a range of degenerative changes resembling various facets …