gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha-oxygenated Pyridines. I. The Synthesis of an Isomer of 4-Desoxypyridoxin (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlpha-oxygenated Pyridines. I. The Synthesis of an Isomer of 4-DesoxypyridoxinRaymond P. Mariella and Elizabeth P. BelcherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 6, 2616–2618Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01150a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01150a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Postoperative wound infections of the spine (2003)

Postoperative spinal wound infections occur in 1 to 12% of patients. The rate of infection is related to the type and duration of the procedure, comorbidities, nutritional status, and various other risk factors. Antibiotic prophylactic therapy has been clearly shown to decrease the rate of infection dramatically after lumbar surgery. These infections typically manifest with signs and symptoms of wound swelling, erythema, and drainage. Laboratory-detected values such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein can be elevated beyond what is normal for the uncomplicated postoperative course following lumbar surgery, and combined with the clinical symptoms should alert the physician to the possibility of infection. When detected, these infections should be managed aggressively with operative debridment and irrigation, including the deep subfascial layer in all cases except those with clearly demarcated superficial infection. The choice of one versus multiple debridments can be made based on the appearance of the wound, patient factors, and nutritional status. Hardware and incorporated bone graft can be left in place in the majority of cases, adding to stability. Outcomes following aggressive treatment of this complication can be excellent, with no long-term loss of function and complete eradication of the infection.
Pole Assignment for Three-Dimensional Systems Using Two-Dimensional Dynamic Compensators (2003)

In this paper, we propose a method for assigning poles for three-dimensional systems described by the state-space model. In this method, we perform the state feedback and input transformation containing two-dimensional dynamic compensators on the given three-dimensional systems, so that we let the denominator polynomials of the transfer functions of the closed-loop systems coincide with the product of three one-dimensional polynomials whose roots are in the unit circle.
Role of the brain in energy balance and obesity (1996)

Energy balance and body weight are regulated in short, intermediate, and long cycles that are superimposed on each other. We propose that the brain is the primary center of this regulation. The brain has evolved mechanisms for sensing the energy status of the body using neural and metabolic signals such as glucose, insulin, and leptin. It has central processing and storage capacity for handling this afferent information and can change both structurally and functionally in response to its internal and external milieu. The brain regulates energy balance through its control of energy intake on the one hand and expenditure and storage on the other using neurohumoral mechanisms that include the autonomic nervous system. Work in animal models suggests that the brain of obese individuals largely ignores signals of excess adiposity from the periphery, keeping the body weight set point at pathologically high levels. Disordered regulation of neuropeptide Y and monoamine metabolism within the ventromedial hypothalamus is a consistent finding in the brains of obesity-prone and obese rodents. Such dysregulation causes inappropriate neurohumoral control of metabolism and autonomic output to organs such as the pancreas, resulting in increased metabolic efficiency and persistent adiposity. The high recidivism rate in the treatment of obesity suggests that central dysfunction may be due to long-term reorganization of the nervous system in such a way as to perpetuate the abnormally high set point of body weight.
TGF-  type I receptor kinase inhibitor down-regulates rheumatoid synoviocytes and prevents the arthritis induced by type II collagen antibody (2006)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by hypertrophic synovial tissues comprising excessively proliferating synovial fibroblasts and infiltrating inflammatory cells. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates cell growth, inflammation and angiogenesis by acting on various cell types. In RA synovial tissues, TGF-beta is expressed at high levels. However, the precise role of TGF-beta in RA remains unclear. We herein demonstrated a causal link between the TGF-beta-induced RA synovial cell proliferation and induction of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA. In addition, TGF-beta induced IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by RA synovial fibroblasts associated with nuclear factor-kappa B activation. These effects of TGF-beta on RA synovial fibroblasts were suppressed by TGF-beta type I receptor kinase inhibitor HTS466284. Furthermore, HTS466284 significantly prevented anti-collagen type II antibody-induced arthritis in mice according to the clinical manifestations, histology, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, PDGF and VEGF expression and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. These in vitro and in vivo results suggest that TGF-beta plays a role in the development of synovial hyperplasia consisting of synovial cell proliferation, inflammation and angiogenesis. The blockade of TGF-beta signaling may thus become an additional strategy for the treatment of RA.
Degradation and stabilization of vinyl chloride-based polymers (1989)

The effect of noisy listening conditions on the performance of simultaneous interpreters was studied by asking subjects to shadow and simultaneously interpret French prose into English at 3 signal-noise ratios. It was found that while noise had a significant effect on the proportions of texts correctly shadowed and interpreted, there were significantly more errors committed when interpreting than when shadowing at lower signal-noise ratios. This finding, together with analysis of subjects' self-corrections when interpreting, suggested that difficulty in perceiving source language passages reduced the ability of simultaneous interpreters to monitor their interpretations into the target language.
A coherent spread-spectrum RAKE-receiver with maximum-likelihood frequency estimation (2003)

A direct-sequence spread-spectrum receiver using M-ary phase shift keyed signaling is presented with digital algorithms for coherent data demodulation, diversity combining, and frequency offset estimation. These algorithms are derived by applying the maximum-likelihood rule. A RAKE-structure is used to resolve the time diversity due to multipath propagation of the frequency-selective fading channel. Such conditions are typically encountered in microcellular communication systems like personal communications networks, or wireless local area networks (LANs). The robust transient behavior of the present receiver with an automatic frequency control scheme, based on the non-biased frequency estimator, and the fairly low numerical complexity make these algorithms well suited for digital implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparisons of actin filament disruptors and Rho kinase inhibitors as potential antiglaucoma medications (2012)

Dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in the trabecular meshwork play a crucial role in the regulation of trabecular outflow resistance. The actin filament disruptors and Rho kinase inhibitors affect the dynamics of the actomyosin system by either disrupting the actin filaments or inhibiting the Rho kinase-activated cellular contractility. Both approaches induce similar morphological changes and resistance decreases in the trabecular outflow pathway, and thus both have potential as antiglaucoma medications. Although the drugs might induce detrimental changes in the cornea following topical administration, lower drug concentrations in larger volumes as used clinically, but not higher drug concentrations in smaller volumes as used experimentally, could minimize corneal toxicity. Additionally, developments of trabecular meshwork-specific actin filament disruptors or Rho kinase inhibitors, prodrugs and new drug-delivery methods might avoid the drugs' toxicity to the cornea. Gene therapies with cytoskeleton-modulating proteins may mimic the effects of the cytoskeleton-modulating agents and have the potential to permanently decrease trabecular outflow resistance.
Endogenous IL-1α from systemic sclerosis fibroblasts induces IL-6 and PDGF-A (1999)

It is reported that fibroblasts derived from clinically affected skin areas of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have the ability to overproduce several cytokines and growth factors (i.e., IL-6, PDGF), an ability that might be involved in the pathogenesis of SSc. We have previously shown that the expression of IL-1alpha was constitutively observed in SSc fibroblasts, whereas this was not detected in normal fibroblasts. Although it was suggested that the aberrant IL-1alpha production could be associated with the fibrogenic phenotype of SSc fibroblasts, little is known about the roles of IL-1alpha in SSc fibroblasts. IL-1alpha induced IL-6 and PDGF-A, which are potent stimulators of collagen production and proliferation in normal fibroblasts. This article examines the proposal that IL-6 and PDGF-A are elevated through the action of endogenous IL-1alpha in SSc fibroblasts. An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to IL-1alpha mRNA was used to suppress endogenous IL-1alpha. Inhibition of endogenous IL-1alpha led to decreased levels of IL-6 and PDGF-A expression in SSc fibroblasts. Moreover, the blocking of the IL-6 response using anti-IL-6 antibody resulted in a significant reduction of procollagen type I in cultured SSc fibroblasts. These results suggest that endogenous IL-1alpha expressed by SSc fibroblasts may play a key role in the abnormal function of SSc fibroblasts through the expression of IL-6 and PDGF-A.
Reaction of Some Cyclic Acetals with Acid Anhydrides<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Some Cyclic Acetals with Acid Anhydrides1Murray SenkusCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 5, 734–736Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01209a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01209a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chromosome-scale assembly of wild barley accession “OUH602” (2021)

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) was domesticated from its wild ancestral form ca. 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent and is widely cultivated throughout the world, except for in tropical areas. The genome size of both cultivated barley and its conspecific wild ancestor is approximately 5 Gb. High-quality chromosome-level assemblies of 19 cultivated and one wild barley genotype were recently established by pan-genome analysis. Here, we release another equivalent short-read assembly of the wild barley accession "OUH602." A series of genetic and genomic resources were developed for this genotype in prior studies. Our assembly contains more than 4.4 Gb of sequence, with a scaffold N50 value of over 10 Mb. The haplotype shows high collinearity with the most recently updated barley reference genome, "Morex" V3, with some inversions. Gene projections based on "Morex" gene models revealed 46,807 protein-coding sequences and 43,375 protein-coding genes. Alignments to publicly available sequences of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones of "OUH602" confirm the high accuracy of the assembly. Since more loci of interest have been identified in "OUH602," the release of this assembly, with detailed genomic information, should accelerate gene identification and the utilization of this key wild barley accession.
Berichtigung: Pseudohalide‐Induced Moisture‐Tolerance in Perovskite CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>Pb(SCN)<sub>2</sub>I Thin Films (2015)

Nach weiterer Prüfung der in dieser Zuschrift veröffentlichten XRD-Daten der Pb(SCN)2- und PbI2-Pulver sind die Autoren veranlasst, folgende zwei Korrekturen vorzunehmen: 1) Das korrekte Pulver-XRD von Pb(SCN)2 ist unten gezeigt und ersetzt das entsprechende XRD-Muster von Pb(SCN)2 in Figure 2 der Zuschrift. 1 2) Das korrekte Pulver-XRD von PbI2 ist unten gezeigt und ersetzt das entsprechende XRD-Muster von “Pure PbI2” (die blaue Kurve) in Figure S2a in den Hintergrundinformationen der Zuschrift.1
Integrated System Identification and State-of-Charge Estimation of Battery Systems (2012)

Accurate estimation of the state of charge in battery systems is of essential importance for battery system management. Due to nonlinearity, high sensitivity of the inverse mapping from external measurements, and measurement errors, SOC estimation has remained a challenging task. This is further compounded by the fact that battery characteristic model parameters change with time and operating conditions. This paper introduces an adaptive nonlinear observer design that compensates nonlinearity and achieves better estimation accuracy. A two-time-scale signal processing method is employed to attenuate the effects of measurement noises on SOC estimates. The results are further expanded to derive an integrated algorithm to identify model parameters and initial SOC jointly. Simulations were performed to illustrate the capability and utility of the algorithms. Experimental verifications are conducted on Li-ion battery packs of different capacities under different load profiles.
Potential of Immunochemical Technology for Pesticide Analysis (1980)

In the fields of clinical chemistry and endocrinology, immunochemistry is often the analytical method of choice. Immunochemical methods of analysis offer many advantages including sensitivity, specificity, speed of analysis, ease of automation, cost effectiveness, and general applicability. The importance of immunochemical assays was recognized by Rosalyn Yalow sharing the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine based, in part, on her pioneering work in immunoassay development (1,2). Surprisingly, immunochemistry has found little or no practical application for the analysis of pesticides or other environmental contaminants (3). This fact is surprising because the chemical classes currently assayed by immunochemical techniques (2,4) are not fundamentally distinct from many classes of fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, nematocides, or plant growth regulators. Possibly the tremendous success of gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and ion selective detectors in the analysis of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides fostered a generation of pesticide analytical chemists who were experts in and disciples
32.2: Electron Transporters Based on Lithium Complexes: Transition from Electron Injecting to Electron Transporting Characteristics (2010)

Abstract Charge transport and charge balance are critical for achieving high performance and long life time. Thus, electrical, electronic and thermal properties of all the materials have to be optimised There is continuing demand for electron transporters with good hole blocking property and electron injectors for use as individual layers or as admixtures. Most of the commercially employed electron transporters are either based on Al, Zr or Sc or electron deficient compounds based on oxadiazole(s), pyridine(s), phenanthroline(s) or pyrimidine(s). Lithium complexes are used as electron injectors, usually up to 2 nm. At thicknesses above 2 nm, they act as insulators, thus reducing the performance of OLED's. Therefore, they cannot be used as electron transporters where the typical thickness is 20 nm. This paper reports our discovery of unique and novel lithium complex with ligand 2‐(2‐hydroxylphenyl)‐5‐methylbenzoxazole which behaves like an electron transporter rather than an injector. Several complexes of Li, Be, Zn, Al and Zr were made with several hydroxylphenyl benzoxazole(s) and hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole(s)and their properties narrated. Particular emphasis is given to the unusual behaviour of the Lithium compound.
Field Test Results for a Self-Calibrating Pseudolite Array (2000)

on applying GPS to robotic systems. Previously, he developed an integrated GPS/computer-vision navigation system for the Stanford HUMMINGBIRD autonomous helicopter. His current research focuses on applying pseudolite technologies to Mars exploration, specifically as an aid to rover navigation and cooperative task execution.
3-Oxo-(Z)-9-hexadecenal: an unusual enolic .beta.-keto aldehyde from a termite soldier defense secretion (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Oxo-(Z)-9-hexadecenal: an unusual enolic .beta.-keto aldehyde from a termite soldier defense secretionGlenn D. Prestwich and Margaret S. CollinsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 11, 2383–2385Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00324a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00324a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FTP Operation Over Big Address Records (FOOBAR) (1993)

This paper describes a convention for specifying address families other than the default Internet address family in FTP commands and replies.
Characterization and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies developed for typing influenza A and influenza B viruses (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies that are broadly reactive with influenza A or influenza B viruses were produced as stable reagents for typing influenza viruses. Monoclonal antibodies to influenza A were specific for either matrix protein or nucleoprotein. The antibodies to influenza B were specific for nucleoprotein or hemagglutinin protein. In an enzyme immunoassay procedure, influenza A antibodies detected H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 influenza A virus strains collected between 1934 and 1984. Each of the influenza B antibodies detected influenza B reference viruses collected between 1940 and 1984. Pools of either influenza A or influenza B monoclonal antibodies were used to detect influenza viruses reisolated from clinical specimens in tissue culture. At 48 h after inoculation, the influenza A monoclonal antibodies detected 64% of H1N1 and 94% of H3N2 influenza A specimens, and the influenza B monoclonal antibodies detected 79% of the influenza B specimens. The results of this study suggest that the monoclonal antibodies described should provide useful diagnostic reagents for workers in virology laboratories who wish to isolate and identify influenza virus but have been unable to obtain consistent supplies of animal sera specific for influenza A or B viruses.
Workflow monitoring based on 3D motion features (2009)

Activity recognition has primarily addressed the identification of either actions or well-defined interactions among objects in a scene. In this work, we extend the scope to the study of workflow monitoring. In a workflow, ordered groups of activities (phases) with different durations take place in a constrained environment and create temporal patterns across the workflow instances. We address the problem of recognizing phases, based on exemplary recordings. We propose to use Workflow-HMMs, a form of HMMs augmented with phase probability variables that model the complete workflow process. This model takes into account the full temporal context which improves on-line recognition of the phases, especially in case of partial labeling. Targeted applications are workflow monitoring in hospitals and factories, where common action recognition approaches are difficult to apply. To avoid interfering with the normal workflow, we capture the activity of a room with a multiple-camera system. Additionally, we propose to rely on real-time low-level features (3D motion flow) to maintain a generic approach. We demonstrate our methods on sequences from medical procedures performed in a mock-up operating room. The sequences follow a complex workflow, containing various alternatives.
Characterization of a DNA probe for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical samples by polymerase chain reaction (1992)

We cloned and sequenced a DNA fragment from Mycobacterium tuberculosis for use in the identification of members of the M. tuberculosis complex. The DNA probe for culture confirmation had a sensitivity and a specificity of 100%. By using primers developed from this probe, the polymerase chain reaction detected 20 mycobacteria by ethidium bromide staining. This polymerase chain reaction system demonstrated 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detection of the M. tuberculosis complex in 200 sputum specimens.