gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitosis-targeted anti-cancer therapies: where they stand (2012)

The strategy of clinically targeting cancerous cells at their most vulnerable state during mitosis has instigated numerous studies into the mitotic cell death (MCD) pathway. As the hallmark of cancer revolves around cell-cycle deregulation, it is not surprising that antimitotic therapies are effective against the abnormal proliferation of transformed cells. Moreover, these antimitotic drugs are also highly selective and sensitive. Despite the robust rate of discovery and the development of mitosis-selective inhibitors, the unpredictable complexities of the human body's response to these drugs still herald the biggest challenge towards clinical success. Undoubtedly, the need to bridge the gap between promising preclinical trials and effective translational bedside treatment prompts further investigations towards mapping out the mechanistic pathways of MCD, understanding how these drugs work as medicine in the body and more comprehensive target validations. In this review, current antimitotic agents are summarized with particular emphasis on the evaluation of their clinical efficacy as well as their limitations. In addition, we discuss the basis behind the lack of activity of these inhibitors in human trials and the potential and future directions of mitotic anticancer strategies.
Rateless codes for single-server streaming to diverse users (2009)

We investigate the performance of rateless codes for single-server streaming to diverse users, assuming that diversity in users is present not only because they have different channel conditions, but also because they demand different amounts of information and have different decoding capabilities. The LT encoding scheme is employed. While some users accept output symbols of all degrees and decode using belief propagation, others only collect degree-1 output symbols and run no decoding algorithm. We propose several performance measures, and optimize the performance of the rateless code used at the server through the design of the code degree distribution. Optimization problems are formulated for the asymptotic regime and solved as linear programming problems. Optimized performance shows great improvement in total bandwidth consumption over using the conventional ideal soliton distribution, or simply sending separately encoded streams to different types of user nodes. Simulation experiments confirm the usability of the optimization results obtained for the asymptotic regime as a guideline for finite-length code design.
PLASMIN DEGRADATION OF CROSS‐LINKED FIBRIN* (1983)

On the basis of structural studies of both degrading insoluble cross-linked fibrin and of soluble derivatives, we have developed a model to explain the principal structural and physical features of plasmic degradation of cross-linked fibrin in vitro from the completely intact matrix to terminally degraded soluble derivatives. The critical event of solubilization occurs only as the result of coincident cleavages at complementary sites in the basic two-stranded half-staggered overlap fibrin structure, resulting in the release of two-stranded complexes held together by noncovalent forces. The four smallest complexes that are released into solution have structures corresponding to DD/E, DY/YD, YY/DXD, and YXD/DXY. The protein initially solubilized has a constant composition with a predominance of large derivatives that are composed of at least one fragment from each of the two strands of the protofibril. Following their release into solution the larger complexes are converted in vitro to smaller ones by the continued action of plasmin, so that the complex found following prolonged digestion is DD/E. It is proposed that this newly defined group of complexes represents the major form of circulating plasmic derivatives of cross-linked fibrin.
ZINBA integrates local covariates with DNA-seq data to identify broad and narrow regions of enrichment, even within amplified genomic regions (2011)

ZINBA (Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Algorithm) identifies genomic regions enriched in a variety of ChIP-seq and related next-generation sequencing experiments (DNA-seq), calling both broad and narrow modes of enrichment across a range of signal-to-noise ratios. ZINBA models and accounts for factors that co-vary with background or experimental signal, such as G/C content, and identifies enrichment in genomes with complex local copy number variations. ZINBA provides a single unified framework for analyzing DNA-seq experiments in challenging genomic contexts.
Antibacterial Films Made of Ionic Complexes of Poly(γ-glutamic acid) and Ethyl Lauroyl Arginate (2017)

The biocide agent LAE (ethyl <sup>α</sup><i>N</i>-lauroyl l-arginate chloride) was coupled with poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGGA) to form stable ionic complexes with LAE:PGGA ratios of 1 and 0.5. The nanostructure adopted by these complexes and its response to thermal changes were examined in detail by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) using synchrotron radiation in real time. A layered biphasic structure with LAE filling the space between the polypeptidic sheets was adopted in these complexes. The complexes were stable up to above 250 °C, non-water soluble, and were able to form consistent transparent films. The release of LAE from the complexes upon incubation in aqueous buffer was examined and found to depend on both pH and complex composition. The antibacterial activity of films made of these complexes against Gram-positive (<i>L. monocytogenes</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. enterica</i>) bacteria was preliminary evaluated and was found to be very high against the formers and only moderate against the later. The bactericide activity displayed by the LAE·PGGA complexes was directly related with the amount of LAE that was released from the film to the environment.
Characterization of β-Adrenoceptor Subtype in Bladder Smooth Muscle in Cynomolgus Monkey (2002)

We first investigated the relaxations of the urinary bladder induced by beta-adrenoceptor agonists in anesthetized cynomolgus monkeys and then employed a variety of beta-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in vitro to identify the beta-adrenoceptor subtype responsible for the relaxation (using isolated monkey detrusors). Isoprenaline reduced bladder pressure in a dose-dependent manner. Isoprenaline, noradrenaline and adrenaline each produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated detrusor strips, the rank order of relaxing potencies being isoprenaline > noradrenaline > adrenaline. Subtype-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonists also relaxed isolated detrusor strips, the rank order of potencies being CGP-12177 > BRL 37344 > dobutamine, salbutamol, procaterol > xamoterol. In the antagonist experiment, bupranolol (beta-antagonist, 10(-6) to 10(-5) M) and SR 58894A (beta3-antagonist, 10(-7) to 10(-5) M) caused a rightward shift of the concentration-relaxation curve for isoprenaline, but CGP-20712A (beta1-antagonist, 10(-9) to 10(-7) M) and ICI-118551 (beta2-antagonist, 10(-9) to 10(-7) M) did not. The present functional study provides the first evidence that relaxation of the monkey detrusor by beta-adrenoceptor activation is mediated via the beta3-subtype.
A performance analysis of interference excision techniques in direct sequence spread spectrum communications (1998)

It is well known that a proper interference exciser enhances the performance of a spread spectrum communications system. There have been several competing excision techniques reported in the literature. This article presents a performance evaluation of those excision techniques via the analytical and computer simulation tools. It is found that the analytical performance tools presented match up with the computer simulation results. It is also shown that a previously proposed adaptive time-frequency exciser consistently outperforms the existing interference excision techniques in the literature.
Contribution of cytochromes and proteins to the effect of ascorbic acid on artificial and microsomal hydroxylation systems containing oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (1978)

Hydroxylation systems containing cytochromes, proteins and ascorbic acid were studied at physiological pH (7.4) under O2 or N2 with added H2O2. Proteins inhibited aromatic hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol or oxidative demethylation of ethylmorphine in ascorbic acid-containing systems incubated under O2, but strongly activated the systems containing H2O2. Cytochrome c and partially purified cytochrome P-450 from rat liver microsomal preparations activated the system in either O2 or H2O2. The systems needed ascorbic acid (or other enol structures) for activation. Cytochrome iron participated probably in the activation of O2, whereas cytochrome protein participated in a free radical activation of H2O2 (or of O2).
Cellular transcriptional profiling in human lung epithelial cells infected by different subtypes of influenza A viruses reveals an overall down-regulation of the host p53 pathway (2011)

Our data reveal that influenza viruses cause an overall down-regulation of the host p53 pathway and highlight this pathway and p53 protein itself as important viral targets in the altering of apoptotic processes and in cell-cycle regulation.
Extracorporeal Application of a Gel-Entrapment, Bioartificial Liver: Demonstration of Drug Metabolism and Other Biochemical Functions (1993)

Metabolic activity of a gel-entrapment, hollow fiber, bioartificial liver was evaluated in vitro and during extracorporeal hemoperfusion in an anhepatic rabbit model. The bioartificial liver contained either 100 million rat hepatocytes (n = 12), fibroblasts (n = 3), or no cells (n = 7) during hemoperfusion of anhepatic rabbits. Eight other anhepatic rabbits were studied without hemoperfusion as anhepatic controls, and three sham rabbits served as normal controls. Albumin production rates (mean +/- SEM) were similar during in vitro (17.0 +/- 2.8 micrograms/h) and extracorporeal (18.0 +/- 4.0 micrograms/h) application of the hepatocyte bioartificial liver. Exogenous glucose requirements were reduced (p < 0.01) and euglycemia was prolonged (p < 0.001) in anhepatic rabbits treated with the hepatocyte bioartificial liver. The maximum rate of glucose production by the hepatocyte bioartificial liver ranged from 50-80 micrograms/h. Plasma concentrations of aromatic amino acids, proline, alanine, and ammonia were normalized in anhepatic rabbits during hepatocyte hemoperfusion. Gel-entrapped hepatocytes in the bioartifical liver performed sulfation and glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone. P450 activity was demonstrated during both in vitro and extracorporeal application of the BAL device by the formation of 3-hydroxy-lidocaine, the major metabolite of lidocaine biotransformation by gel-entrapped rat hepatocytes. In summary, a gel-entrapment, bioartificial liver performed multiple hepatocyte-specific functions without adverse side effects during extracorporeal application in an anhepatic, small animal model. With its potential for short term support of acute liver failure, scale-up of the current bioartificial liver device is indicated for further investigations in large animal, preclinical trials.
Tyrosinases from two different loci are expressed by normal and by transformed melanocytes. (1991)

Two pigmentation related genes have recently been cloned which map to the brown (b) and albino (c) loci of mice; these loci influence the quality and quantity, respectively, of melanin produced by melanocytes. Both these gene products are biochemically similar and have extensive amino acid sequence similarity to each other and to lower forms of tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1), a copper binding enzyme responsible for melanin production. In order to characterize the catalytic activities of these molecules, we have synthesized peptides and prepared antibodies to them which specifically recognize the gene products in question. By use of immune affinity purification protocols, we have isolated the proteins encoded by the brown and albino loci and have determined that both have the catalytic functions ascribed to tyrosinase, i.e. hydroxylation of tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and the oxidation of DOPA to DOPAquinone. These are the critical reactions to melanogenesis since melanin pigment can be spontaneously produced from those products. The specific activity of the albino locus encoded product is considerably higher than that of the protein encoded by the brown locus, although the latter protein is present in higher quantity in melanocytes than is the protein encoded by the albino locus. These results are surprising since it was anticipated that tyrosinase was the product of single gene locus, and suggest that regulation of melanogenesis in mammals is controlled at the enzymatic level by several different gene products.
Managing subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. (2001)

Managing a patient with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus subsequent to ultraviolet exposure is challenging to health care professionals. A discussion of the disease process, a case study, and practical strategies for patient care will be presented.
Automated mammographic breast density estimation using a fully convolutional network (2018)

We have developed a new deep learning based algorithm for breast density segmentation and estimation. We showed that the proposed algorithm correlated well with BI-RADS density assessments by radiologists and outperformed an existing state of the art algorithm.
Hydrate formation in NH+-containing salts of pharmaceutically acceptable anions: A CSD survey (2005)

The CSD has been systematically searched for salts of N-based cations and pharmaceutically acceptable groups of anions. The tendency of particular anions to crystallise with particular cations has been assessed, and the occurrence of hydrates within particular groups of salts has been analysed. It was found that pyridinium carboxylate salts show a reduced tendency to form hydrates when compared to other salts.
Large Scale Purification OP Plasmid DHA (1983)

A simple and rapid procedure for large scale purification of plasmid DNA is described. The procedure consists of two main steps: 1. Alkaline extraction of plasmid DNA (by a slight modification of the method of Birnboim and Doly (1)) and 2. Purification of the crude extract by hydroxyapatite chromatography. The plasmids obtained are biologically active and can be used in gene manipulation experiments.
Transfer of YAC Clones to New Hosts by Karyogamy‐Deficient Mating (1995)

This unit provides a protocol for moving yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones to new yeast hosts using basic microbial techniques and pulsed-field gel analysis. In contrast to other methods that can be used to transfer YAC clones, this requires neither optimization to achieve high-efficiency DNA-mediated transformation of chromosome-sized DNA nor specialized equipment for tetrad dissection and analysis. Instead, chromosome (YAC) transfer is selected in rare segregants ("YACductants") from a yeast mating that is rendered incomplete in most cell pairings by the presence of a kar1 (karyogamy-deficient) mutation in either parental strain. The Basic Protocol in this unit details the transfer of a YAC clone from yeast strain AB1380 (host to nearly all existing YAC libraries) to YPH925, a strain with nonreverting genetic markers compatible with existing plasmid constructs useful in YAC modification.
Use of microcomputer to help teach pathology. (1986)

A BBC microcomputer was incorporated into a closed circuit television system while it was being used to show microscope slides. The computer generates screens of text that complement the demonstration of the microscopy. An additional feature is the capacity of the system to produce 35 mm transparencies.
Agoraset: a dataset for crowd video analysis (2012)

The ability of efficient computer vision tools (detec-tion of pedestrians, tracking,...) as well as advanced rendering techniques have enabled both the analysis of crowd phenomena and the simulation of realistic sce-narios. A recurrent problem lies in the evaluation of those methods since few common benchmark are avail-able to compare and evaluate the techniques is avail-able. This paper proposes a dataset of crowd sequences with associated ground truths (individual trajectories of each pedestrians inside the crowd, related continuous quantities of the scene such as the density and the veloc-ity field). We chosed to rely on realistic image synthesis to achieve our goal. As contributions of this paper, a typology of sequences relevant to the computer vision analysis problem is proposed, along with images of se-quences available in the database. 1
Painful neuropathy: altered central processing maintained dynamically by peripheral input (1992)

We performed sensory assessments before and during diagnostic tourniquet-cuff and local anesthetic blocks in 4 patients diagnosed with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). All patients complained of mechano-allodynia; lightly touching the skin evoked an intense pain sensation. At detection levels, electrical stimuli were perceived as painful, suggesting that the mechano-allodynia was mediated by A beta low-threshold mechanoreceptor afferents. A beta-mediated allodynia was further supported by reaction time latencies to painful electrical stimuli at threshold for A-fiber activation and, in 1 patient, by differential cuff blocks which abolished A beta function and allodynia while thermal sensation (warm and cold) were preserved. Local anesthetic block of painful foci associated with previous trauma abolished mechano-allodynia, cold allodynia, and spontaneous pain in all patients and relieved the motor symptoms in 1 patient with tonic contractures of the toes. Tactile and thermal perception in the previously allodynic area was preserved. When the local anesthetic block waned, spontaneous pain, allodynia, and motor symptoms returned. We propose a model of neuropathic pain in which ongoing nociceptive afferent input from a peripheral focus dynamically maintains altered central processing that accounts for allodynia, spontaneous pain, and other sensory and motor abnormalities. Blocking the peripheral input causes the central processing to revert to normal, abolishing the symptoms for the duration of the block. The model accounts for sympathetically maintained (SMP) and sympathetically independent (SIP) pain. The peripheral input can be independent of sympathetic activity or driven completely or in part by activity in sympathetic efferents or by circulating catecholamines. The shared final common pathway may explain the common features of SMP and SIP.
Neodymium-YAG Laser Phacolysis of the Human Cataractous Lens (1993)

The use of high powered neodymium (Nd)-YAG laser pulses to create shock waves after striking a metal target, and its implication for small-incision cataract surgery, has previously been described.<sup>1</sup>This technology is known as Nd-YAG laser phacolysis (<b>Figure 1</b>).<sup>1</sup>The generation and propagation of shock waves created by this device,<sup>2</sup>as well as its effects on nontarget tissue have been carefully studied (L.T.D.S., J.M.D., unpublished data, 1990). In this case report, we describe the removal of a nuclear sclerotic cataract in a patient using this technology. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> <i>Preoperative Examination and Diagnostic Studies</i>. A 60-year-old diabetic black male had a 1-year history of gradual visual loss in both eyes. His best corrected acuity was 20/70 OD and 20/40 OS. His refraction was −0.50−0.50×10 OD and −1.00 − 0.75×40 OS. His pupils were normal. The patient had a 2+ nuclear sclerotic cataract in his right eye
HLA-B and -DR match reduces the allograft reaction after keratoplasty. (1994)

Since 1983, corneal grafts have been routinely obtained from multiorgan donors and allocated to the patient with the greatest HLA compatibility. At follow-ups in 248 primarily clear corneal grafts, grouping according to the HLA mismatch rate revealed that the incidence of allograft reactions did not differ significantly for HLA-A but certainly did for HLA-B (P < 0.01) and, in patients with a poor prognosis, for HLA-DR as well (P < 0.05). Grouping the patients according to the mismatch rate of the total of four HLA-B and -DR antigens disclosed the incidence of allograft reactions to be markedly increased by a mismatch of more than two antigens (P < 0.05). The relative risk of an allograft reaction is increased by factors of 5.1 in patients with a good prognosis and 5.5 in those with a poor prognosis. The adverse influence of a postoperative inflammation on the occurrence of an allograft reaction as seen in nonmatched donor material is no longer present in matched donor material if the prognosis is good and no longer significant if it is poor (P < 0.09). The inflammation-promoted expression of HLA antigens is of less importance for graft survival if the difference in the HLA antigens is reduced by the match.
The Detection of Intracellular Antigens in Human Leucocytes by Immunoperoxidase Staining (1975)

An immunoperoxidase procedure is described for staining intracellular leucocyte antigens in peripheral blood and bone marrow smears. Brief exposure of cell smears to a buffered formol acetone mixture was found to give optimal fixation, combining good cellular morphology with preservation of antigenic reactivity. The immunoperoxidase method is superior to immunofluorescence in that it provides a permanent preparation which can be counterstained with orthodox reagents and viewed by conventional light microscopy. In addition the technique is considerably more sensitive than immunofluorescence procedures. Immunoglobulin was demonstrated in plasma cells, Türk cells and a minority of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lysozyme was found in cells of the neutrophil series from promyelocytes to mature granulocytes. Monocytes stained for lysozyme but the reaction was less intense than in neutrophils and some monocytes were devoid of activity. Lactoferrin stained strongly in mature neutrophil polymorphs and metamyelocytes, but was weak or absent in earlier myeloid cells. These reaction patterns are in keeping with previous reports on the distribution of these antigens in human leucocytes. In the case of immunoglobulin and lysozyme it was possible to abolish leucocyte staining by incubation of the specific antisera with the appropriate purified antigen, providing additional proof of the specificity of the reactions. Anti-ferritin antisera stained granulocytes and myeloid precursors strongly, and reached weakly with a minority of monocytes. These latter observations are not entirely in accordance with published data on the leucocyte distribution of ferritin and may be attributed to antibody activity of unknown specificity in the anti-ferritin antiserum.
Decrease in Healthcare Utilization and Costs for Opioid Users Following Residential Integrated Treatment for Co-Occurring Disorders (2017)

Residential, integrated treatment of co-occurring mental health and opioid use disorders can significantly decrease both utilization and cost of healthcare among opioid users with co-occurring mental health disorders.
Broad-beam electron source (1985)

A new type of broad-beam electron source has been developed. The use of a plasma as the source of electrons permits balanced operation of multiple-aperture electron optics. As a result, far higher total beam currents are obtainable with this source than are possible using single-aperture electron extraction. At the same time, the required working gas flow is low enough to permit operation in a high-vacuum environment. The electron beam energy is controllable over a range from below 100 eV to at least 1000 eV. This unique combination of performance characteristics for a broad-beam electron source should result in its use in a wide variety of applications.