gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Extracellular Metallopeptidase Domain Shared by Animal Host-Associated Mutualistic and Pathogenic Microbes (2012)

The mucosal microbiota is recognised as an important factor for our health, with many disease states linked to imbalances in the normal community structure. Hence, there is considerable interest in identifying the molecular basis of human-microbe interactions. In this work we investigated the capacity of microbes to thrive on mucosal surfaces, either as mutualists, commensals or pathogens, using comparative genomics to identify co-occurring molecular traits. We identified a novel domain we named M60-like/PF13402 (new Pfam entry PF13402), which was detected mainly among proteins from animal host mucosa-associated prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes ranging from mutualists to pathogens. Lateral gene transfers between distantly related microbes explained their shared M60-like/PF13402 domain. The novel domain is characterised by a zinc-metallopeptidase-like motif and is distantly related to known viral enhancin zinc-metallopeptidases. Signal peptides and/or cell surface anchoring features were detected in most microbial M60-like/PF13402 domain-containing proteins, indicating that these proteins target an extracellular substrate. A significant subset of these putative peptidases was further characterised by the presence of associated domains belonging to carbohydrate-binding module family 5/12, 32 and 51 and other glycan-binding domains, suggesting that these novel proteases are targeted to complex glycoproteins such as mucins. An in vitro mucinase assay demonstrated degradation of mammalian mucins by a recombinant form of an M60-like/PF13402-containing protein from the gut mutualist Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. This study reveals that M60-like domains are peptidases targeting host glycoproteins. These peptidases likely play an important role in successful colonisation of both vertebrate mucosal surfaces and the invertebrate digestive tract by both mutualistic and pathogenic microbes. Moreover, 141 entries across various peptidase families described in the MEROPS database were also identified with carbohydrate-binding modules defining a new functional context for these glycan-binding domains and providing opportunities to engineer proteases targeting specific glycoproteins for both biomedical and industrial applications.
A New Edge Termination Technique for High-Voltage Devices in 4H-SiC–Multiple-Floating-Zone Junction Termination Extension (2011)

A new edge termination method, referred to as multiple-floating-zone junction termination extension (MFZ-JTE), is presented for high-voltage devices in 4H-SiC. 4H-SiC PiN rectifiers with a breakdown voltage of 10 kV (about 88% of the theoretical value) were fabricated using MFZ-JTEs. The MFZ-JTE technique only requires a single pattern-and-implant step while providing significant process latitude for parameter variations such as implantation dose and activation anneal condition.
Antigenic comparisons of selected avian reoviruses by use of the plaque-reduction neutralization assay. (1989)

The antigenic interrelatedness of 3 clone-purified turkey reoviruses (NG-Turkey, 82-88, and NC-TEV) to each other and to 4 clone-purified chicken reoviruses (S1133, Co8, Fahey-Crawley, and avian type 2) was determined in reciprocal cross-neutralization tests, using polyclonal antisera and the plaque-reduction technique. The morphologic features of plaques formed under agar were studied for all 7 reoviruses, and size comparisons for turkey vs chicken isolates were made. All 3 turkey reoviruses (with the exception of NG-Turkey vs Fahey-Crawley chicken reovirus) formed plaques significantly (P less than 0.05) smaller than plaques produced by their chicken counterparts. The 3 turkey reoviruses were closely related to each other and to chicken reovirus CO8. The antigenic differences between turkey reoviruses 82-88 and NC-TEV and chicken reovirus S1133 were slight (minor subtype); however, the latter and NG-Turkey were serotypically distinct. The NG-Turkey and 82-88 turkey reoviruses were more related (minor subtype) to the Fahey-Crawley and avian type 2 chicken reoviruses, than was NC-TEV turkey reovirus (major subtype).
Mode-Selective Directional Coupler for High Power Microwave Measurements (1987)

An improved directional coupler has been designed, fabricated and tested in order to measure the high-level power of microwave produced by a gyrotron. It has shown a sufficient function requisite in electron cyclotron resonance heating experiments of magnetically confined plasmas. The results of tests under practical experimental conditions are described and various points to be taken in the design of a directional coupler are given.
Frequency of Circulating Tregs with Demethylated <i>FOXP3</i> Intron 1 in Melanoma Patients Receiving Tumor Vaccines and Potentially Treg-Depleting Agents (2010)

We used a MS-qPCR method that detects Tregs but not other activated T lymphocytes; however, none of the Treg-depleting strategies that we tested led, in the majority of patients, to a conservative 50% reduction in blood Tregs.
Multi-armed Bandit Models for the Optimal Design of Clinical Trials: Benefits and Challenges. (2015)

Multi-armed bandit problems (MABPs) are a special type of optimal control problem well suited to model resource allocation under uncertainty in a wide variety of contexts. Since the first publication of the optimal solution of the classic MABP by a dynamic index rule, the bandit literature quickly diversified and emerged as an active research topic. Across this literature, the use of bandit models to optimally design clinical trials became a typical motivating application, yet little of the resulting theory has ever been used in the actual design and analysis of clinical trials. To this end, we review two MABP decision-theoretic approaches to the optimal allocation of treatments in a clinical trial: the infinite-horizon Bayesian Bernoulli MABP and the finite-horizon variant. These models possess distinct theoretical properties and lead to separate allocation rules in a clinical trial design context. We evaluate their performance compared to other allocation rules, including fixed randomization. Our results indicate that bandit approaches offer significant advantages, in terms of assigning more patients to better treatments, and severe limitations, in terms of their resulting statistical power. We propose a novel bandit-based patient allocation rule that overcomes the issue of low power, thus removing a potential barrier for their use in practice.
Patient-controlled sedation using propofol: randomized, double-blind dose refinement (1999)

This double-blind, randomized trial compared the onset of sedation with two patient-controlled sedation regimens, allowing a maximum of 16 or 25 mg min-1 propofol. Forty fit young patients presenting for elective surgery were asked to try to put themselves to sleep using the system. Onset times of sedative effect, slurred speech and amnesia were recorded. All patients achieved satisfactory sedation, and none became oversedated. Patients receiving 16 mg min-1 propofol were not reliably sedated within 5 min and took significantly longer to develop slurred speech and amnesia (P < 0.01 for both). We conclude that this maximum infusion rate does not produce amnesia or sedation rapidly enough to be clinically useful. A maximum infusion rate of 25 mg min-1 allowed rapid sedation in all patients without oversedation and may be an acceptable compromise between efficacy and safety.
Mobile Health (mHealth) Viral Diagnostics Enabled with Adaptive Adversarial Learning (2020)

Deep-learning (DL)-based image processing has potential to revolutionize the use of smartphones in mobile health (mHealth) diagnostics of infectious diseases. However, the high variability in cellphone image data acquisition and the common need for large amounts of specialist-annotated images for traditional DL model training may preclude generalizability of smartphone-based diagnostics. Here, we employed adversarial neural networks with conditioning to develop an easily reconfigurable virus diagnostic platform that leverages a dataset of smartphone-taken microfluidic chip photos to rapidly generate image classifiers for different target pathogens on-demand. Adversarial learning was also used to augment this real image dataset by generating 16,000 realistic synthetic microchip images, through style generative adversarial networks (StyleGAN). We used this platform, termed <u>s</u>martphone-based <u>p</u>athogen <u>de</u>tection <u>r</u>esource <u>m</u>ultiplier using <u>a</u>dversarial <u>n</u>etworks (SPyDERMAN), to accurately detect different intact viruses in clinical samples and to detect viral nucleic acids through integration with CRISPR diagnostics. We evaluated the performance of the system in detecting five different virus targets using 179 patient samples. The generalizability of the system was confirmed by rapid reconfiguration to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigens in nasal swab samples (<i>n</i> = 62) with 100% accuracy. Overall, the SPyDERMAN system may contribute to epidemic preparedness strategies by providing a platform for smartphone-based diagnostics that can be adapted to a given emerging viral agent within days of work.
양식산 넙치의 백화현상에 따른 아미노산 조성의 비교 (1999)

Albinism is a phenomenon that color of the body surface is changed to white or faint brown from the specific color to the species by difficiency of pigments due to mutation or disease. This study was undertaken to investigate the experimental basis on the appearance of albinism in cultured flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The skin and muscle, from the normal and albinic flounder, were used by measuring contents of amino acid, free amino acid. The results were summarized as follows Contents of amino acid in the skin and muscle are different from normal and albinic flounder. Phenolic and sulfuric amino acids in the skin of normal flounder were 2 times those of albinic ones. Especially, tyrosine contents of the skin in normal flounder were 24 times higher than those. Methionine was 26 times higher than those. Phenylalanine was 1.6 times higher. In free amino acid, phosphoserine and phosphoethanolamine were a little higher than that ones. The melanin formation of the skin in flounder was affected by substrates such as Phenolic amino acid, and cofactor such as sulfuric amino acid.
Apprenticeship at the Academy of Music (2006)

Inspired by studies of apprenticeship and theories of situated learning, this study argues that learning should be understood in relation to ongoing social practice. Using interview material and participant observation studying piano students’ learning at the Academy of Music in Aarhus, it describes how transparency and access to the music culture at the Academy are important for the piano students’ learning processes. In particular, two ways of learning are described: learning by imitation and learning by performance. In both these ways the learning process involves and is organised around becoming a member of the musical culture and developing an identity as a musician.
Low-Reynolds-number airfoil design for the M.I.T. Daedalus prototype- A case study (1988)

The rationale used for the aerodynamic wing design of the prototype long-range human-powered aircraft Light Eagle is presented. Three different airfoils, designed for chord Reynolds numbers of 500,000,375,000, and 250,000 were used across the wingspan. The airfoil design rationale centered on minimizing the losses in the transitional separation bubbles typically occurring on airfoils at Reynolds numbers of less than 1 million. Structural and manufacturing constraints were also a consideration in the airfoil design, although to a lesser extent. Airfoil performance prediction during the design process was done entirely through numerical simulation. The numerical model employs the Euler equations to represent the inviscid flow, and an integral boundary-layer formulation to represent the viscous flow. Strong viscous-inviscid coupling and an amplification transition criterion included in the overall equation system permit calculation of transitional separation bubbles and their associated losses. Flow visualization tests performed on the Light Eagle at various lift coefficients in towed flight revealed transition occurring very near the intended position on the wing surface except within a few chords of the tip, where the flow appeared to be turbulent over most of the upper surface. Total drag aircraft polars obtained from the measured aircraft energy time history in glide contained too much scatter to be used as quantitative test data but did reproduce the basic trends of the calculations, including maximum lift coefficient levels.
[Carnitine: physiologic role, primary and secondary deficiency]. (1994)

L-carnitine is essential in fatty acids metabolism, it is synthetized endogenically and supplied by nurishment as well. Ninety eight percent of it is stored in skeletal muscles. Its importance in primary deficiency, either systemic encephalomyopathies or isolated myopathies, is out of discussion. In deficiency states, life itself may be threatened. Numerous investigations point to secondary carnitine deficiencies. Favorable substitution effects are published, first of all, in organic acidurias in children, in ischemic heart diseases of adults, in hyperlipoproteinemias, in peripheral vascular disease, in patients on hemodialysis, and in muscle dystrophy. Favorable results are published also in total parenteral nourishment of newborns and adults. L-carnitine may prevent toxic effects of valoproates and antracyclins. The substance is not toxic and is well tolerated. LD50 values are almost like those of amino acids. Meanwhile, inspite of many reports on favorable results in secondary carnitne deficiencies the additional controlled clinical trials should be done, especially in children.
Thin Film Transfer Process for Low Cost Mcm-D Fabrication (2005)

This paper describes a unique, highly flexible and cost competitive method to fabricate microelectronic packages that require thin film interconnections. The method involves fabricating thin film metal/polymer structures multi-up on a reusable temporary glass carrier and later transferring the thin film stack onto product substrates of choice. The final product substrate can be silicon, co-fired alumina or glass-ceramic, aluminum nitride, diamond or a printed wiring board. Optionally, one can also use the released thin film decal as a flexible high wireability interconnect by itself, as an interposer, or in applications Re wafer level testing for known good die (KGD). The thin film wiring structure can be fabricated multi-up on a standardized form factor carrier (independent of the characteristics of the final product substrate) in a thin film interconnect foundry, thus significantly reducing cost both from the economy of scales and full utilization of the thin film factory for a variety of customer needs.
Detection of citrullinated proteins in synovial fluids derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis by proteomics-based analysis (2008)

Proteomics-based analysis can be used to detect citrullinated proteins in synovial fluids from RA patients.
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS UPON THE NUMBER OF LEAVES AND THE CHARACTER OF THE INFLORESCENCE OF TOBACCO PLANTS (1916)

First ExperimentIn the first experiment seed of a bagged individual plant (7G) of the Connecticut Broadleaf strain designated as No. 2 was used.The seed was sowed in flats Nov. 13, 1912, and on Jan. 4, 1913, the plants were transplanted to two-inch pots.On Jan. 28 they were transplanted from these pots to a bed of rich clay-loam in the greenhouse at Arlington, Virginia.From the time the plants were transferred to twoinch pots a record was kept of all the leaves produced by marking the following leaves:4th leaf above the cotyledons marked in January.
Engine monitoring display study (1992)

The current study is part of a larger NASA effort to develop displays for an engine-monitoring system to enable the crew to monitor engine parameter trends more effectively. The objective was to evaluate the operational utility of adding three types of information to the basic Boeing Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System (EICAS) display formats: alphanumeric alerting messages for engine parameters whose values exceed caution or warning limits; alphanumeric messages to monitor engine parameters that deviate from expected values; and a graphic depiction of the range of expected values for current conditions. Ten training and line pilots each flew 15 simulated flight scenarios with five variants of the basic EICAS format; these variants included different combinations of the added information. The pilots detected engine problems more quickly when engine alerting messages were included in the display; adding a graphic depiction of the range of expected values did not affect detection speed. The pilots rated both types of alphanumeric messages (alert and monitor parameter) as more useful and easier to interpret than the graphic depiction. Integrating engine parameter messages into the EICAS alerting system appears to be both useful and preferred.
Idiopathic Hypersomnia with and without Long Sleep Time: A Controlled Series of 75 Patients (2009)

Hypersomnia, especially with long sleep time, is frequently associated with evening chronotype and young age. It is inadequately diagnosed using MSLT.
Multi-transmit beam forming for fast cardiac imaging (2011)

A very high temporal resolution is critical to reach a better understanding of short-lived cardiac phases which have potential diagnostic value. To increase the frame rate, as an alternative to parallel receive beam forming, it has been proposed to transmit multiple lines simultaneously (i.e. multi-line transmit (MLT)) although this approach has received less attention due to potential cross-talk artifacts between beams. In this study, the point spread function (PSF) of different number of MLT beams (i.e. 2, 4, 6) was compared to that of conventional beam forming by computer simulation in order to find optimal settings to develop an MLT system for fast cardiac imaging. To reduce the cross-talk artifacts, different combinations of transmit and receive apodizations were tested using windowing functions: Rectangular, Hanning, Tukey and Hamming. Results showed that the cross-talk became more severe as the number of the MLT beams increased. Apodizations could significantly reduce these artifacts. In particular a Hanning-Tukey (α = 0.3) combination reduced these artifacts below the −40dB level for all MLT systems tested. With this apodization scheme, no marked differences between Single line transmit (SLT) and 6MLT phantom images could be observed. This study showed that the 6MLT imaging system has a competitive image quality to SLT but with a 6 times higher frame rate. In addition, the MLT approach can be combined with (multiple) parallel receive beam forming to increase frame rate further. With these methods, a frame rate of approximately up to 450Hz can be achieved to generate a 90° sector image without significant loss in image quality.
Three-dimensional image analysis of blood vessels using cone-beam CT (2002)

The authors present a prototype system for three-dimensional (3D) image analysis of blood vessels using cone-beam CT. The purpose is to enhance the performance of clinician in assessing anatomical information such as the orientation of blood vessels, cross-sectional area, and volume of disease. The developed prototype system consists of two parts: 3D image reconstruction of blood vessels and analysis of the 3D blood vessel image. The Digital angiograms are collected in a short period of time by an X-ray rotational angiographic system using a CT gantry equipped with a cone-beam X-ray source and an image intensifier. The 3D reconstruction is performed by a short scan cone-beam filtered backprojection algorithm. The analysis of the 3D blood vessels image is based on a graph description obtained by a 3D binary thinning algorithm and a distance transformation of a 3D line pattern. A preprocessing of 3D reconstruction includes the correction of the geometrical distortions and the shading artifact introduced by the image intensifier. Furthermore, the authors correct the degradation of X-ray angiograms due to scatter and veiling glare to improve contrast sensitivity of a 3D reconstructed image. From results of the application to patient's abdominal blood vessels, the authors present the effectiveness of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compact Substrate-Integrated 4 × 8 Butler Matrix With Sidelobe Suppression for Millimeter-Wave Multibeam Application (2018)

This letter presents a compact dual-layer 4 × 8 Butler matrix (BM) with sidelobe level (SLL) suppression in substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Addressing the excessive crossovers in the classic 4 × 8 BM, a novel dual-layer configuration is proposed here. Such a configuration can help reduce the required crossovers from original five sets to merely one set. Therefore, the 4 × 8 BM can be significantly simplified to achieve better compactness. Based on this configuration, a SIW dual-layer 4 × 8 BM is designed with a dimension of 6.1 λ × 4.1 λ. To evaluate its SLL suppression effect, a multibeam array fed by the proposed BM is designed, simulated, and measured.
Rapid Freeze−Quench ENDOR of the Radical X Intermediate of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Ribonucleotide Reductase Using <sup>17</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub><sup>17</sup>O, and <sup>2</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTRapid Freeze−Quench ENDOR of the Radical X Intermediate of Escherichia coli Ribonucleotide Reductase Using 17O2, H217O, and 2H2ODoug Burdi, Bradley E. Sturgeon, Wing H. Tong, JoAnne Stubbe, and Brian M. HoffmanView Author Information Departments of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1, 281–282Publication Date (Web):January 10, 1996Publication History Received7 August 1995Published online10 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja952651ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja952651erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views393Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cluster chemistry,Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy,Ligands Get e-Alerts
The 12-month analysis from Basal Cell Carcinoma Outcomes with LDE225 Treatment (BOLT): A phase II, randomized, double-blind study of sonidegib in patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma (2016)

With longer follow-up, sonidegib demonstrated sustained tumor responses in patients with advanced BCC.
AT‐Rich–Interactive Domain–Containing Protein 5A Functions as a Negative Regulator of Retinoic Acid Receptor–Related Orphan Nuclear Receptor γt–Induced Th17 Cell Differentiation (2013)

ARID-5A is a lineage-specific attenuator of Th17 cell differentiation and may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA.