gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermodulation distortion and third-harmonic generation in YBCO films of varying oxygen content (2003)

We have measured the nonlinear surface impedance, intermodulation distortion (IMD), and third-harmonic generation (THG) in a series of identically prepared YBaCuO films that have been carefully annealed to produce a controlled oxygen stoichiometry. These are also compared with an unannealed film. The measurements were performed using a stripline-resonator technique as a function of temperature at a fundamental frequency of 2.3 GHz; the IMD tone separation was 10 kHz. We have found that overdoping films with oxygen substantially lowers the IMD relative to optimally and underdoped films. We have also observed differences in the slopes of the THG and IMD, with IMD slope of close to 2:1 while the same film shows THG slope of 3:1. A possible explanation of the differences lies in the different time scales to which IMD and THG are sensitive.
Acoustical and physical dynamics of the diatonic harmonica (1998)

The harmonica is arguably the most widely played instrument in the world, yet there is a surprising paucity of published studies of its acoustics or physical dynamics. The typical diatonic harmonica and the physical forces involved in its natural function are described, and simple observations of the harp's functions are reported. The speaking of the reeds, naturally, when producing a bend, and when speaking as an overblow or overdraw is discussed and investigated by simple stopping of the reeds, by videostroboscopic analysis, and by recording vibration of the reeds with displacement gauges. The reeds of the ten hole harmonica can be made to vibrate at varying frequencies depending on the size and shape of the player's vocal tract. Three different modes of speaking from each hole and its pair of reeds are revealed and studied: first, naturally in a closing mode, either blown or drawn; second, as a bend, either blown or drawn, with pitch in the interval between the two notes in the hole; and third, as an overblow or overdraw in an opening mode with a pitch outside the interval between the two natural notes of the hole. This dynamic interaction allows the player to speak with the instrument perhaps as with no other.
Diverse substrate range of a Flavobacterium pentachlorophenol hydroxylase and reaction stoichiometries (1992)

An understanding of the enzymatic reactions catalyzing the degradation of substituted phenols, a major group of environmental pollutants, is required for the development of biological methods for the decontamination of halophenol-polluted sites. We found that a flavomonooxygenase, pentachlorophenol hydroxylase, isolated from a Flavobacterium sp., catalyzed a primary attack on a broad range of substituted phenols, hydroxylating the para position and removing halogen, nitro, amino, and cyano groups to produce halide, nitrite, hydroxylamine, and cyanide, respectively. Elimination of 1 mol of a halogen, nitro, or cyano group required 2 mol of NADPH, while only 1 mol of NADPH was required to remove 1 mol of an amino group or hydrogen.
OpenUAT: The open source ubiquitous authentication toolkit (2010)

Authenticating spontaneous interactions between devices and users is challenging for several rea sons: the wireless (and therefore invisible) nature of device communication, the heterogeneous nature of devices and lack of appropriate user interfaces in mobile devices, and the requirement for unobtrusive user interaction. The most promising approach that has been proposed in literature involves the exploita tion of so-called auxiliary channels for authentication to bridge the gap between usability and security. This concept has spawned the independent development of various authentication methods and research prototypes, that, unfortunately, remain hard to compare and interchange and are rarely available to po tential application developers. We built a system which implements and unifies these approaches. In this paper, we present OpenUAT, an open source toolkit that implements our novel, unified cryptographic au thentication protocol (UACAP), and a comprehensive range of specific auxiliary channels. We evaluated OpenUAT based on a user study in which we compared four authentication methods implemented by the toolkit. The user study showed that users tend to prefer the visual channel in spite of its comparatively poor performance.
Real-Time Decision Making for Autonomous City Vehicles (2010)

This paper addresses the topic of real-time decision making by autonomous city vehicles. Beginning with an overview of the state of research, the paper presents the vehicle decision making & control system architecture, explains the subcomponents which are relevant for decision making (World Model and Driving Maneuver subsystem), and presents the decision making process. Experimental test results confirmthe suitability of the developed approach to deal with the complex real-world urban traffic.
Vertical Tax Externalities in the Theory of Fiscal Federalism (1997)

Vertical tax externalities between levels of government can occur in federal structures, with responses to the tax policies of one level of government affecting the tax base of the other. Such effects mostly arise when federal and state governments co-occupy the same tax base. This paper examines these externalities by considering their implications for a range of issues in fiscal federalism: the relationship between state and federal tax rates, the equilibrium levels of these taxes, the relevance of experience in federal countries for policy design in international settings, intergovernmental grants, and the assignment of tax powers among levels of government.
Impact of 30-Day Oral Dosing with <i>N</i>-acetyl-<scp>l</scp>-cysteine on Sprague-Dawley Rat Physiology (2004)

A number of studies have demonstrated a protective effect associated with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) against toxic chemical exposure. However, the impact of long-term oral dosing on tissue pathology has not been determined. In this study, the authors assessed the impact of long-term oral NAC administration on organ histopathology and tissue glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity levels in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Groups of 20 SD rats (10 males, 10 females), 8 weeks of age, were dosed daily by oral gavage with deionized H2O (negative controls) or NAC solution at a rate of 600 or 1200 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Animals were euthanized 6 h after treatment on study day 30. There were no significant differences in final body weights or weekly average weight gain between treatment groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were significantly elevated (p =.05) in NAC-treated animals compared to controls when measured on study day 30. Histopathologic evaluation of the stomach, small intestine, liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus, and lungs revealed no lesions associated with NAC administration. When measured on study day 30, total GST activity for kidney and skin from NAC-treated animals were increased 39% to 131% as compared to controls. Tissue GSH concentrations from NAC-treated animals were increased 24% to 81% as compared with negative controls. Further studies are needed to determine if the observed increase in tissue GSH concentration and GST activity provide a degree of chemoprotection against dermal and systemic chemical toxicants.
Design and Implementation of LTE RRM With Switched LWA Policies (2017)

LTE-WLAN aggregation (LWA) combines the radio resources of LTE and WLAN, which takes the advantage of Wi-Fi's high availability and indoor coverage to provide better usage of both WLAN and LTE. In this mechanism, it is essential that the network should intelligently switch a data radio bearer (DRB) to utilize either LTE or Wi-Fi. This paper implements the radio resource management layer (RRM) for LWA and proposes two types of the switched LWA policies: the guaranteed bandwidth and the equal sharing policies. We measure the delay times of the LWA procedures, which indicate that the switched LWA policies can be implemented at the RRM with negligible overhead. We conduct emulation, simulation, and analytic analysis to evaluate the performance of the switched LWA policies. The beauty of the LWA policies is that the performance is not affected by the DRB holding time distribution. Our study indicates that switched LWA can effectively reduce the blocking probability of the LWA's DRBs.
Improvements of Object Grabbing Method by Using Color Images and Neural Networks Classification (2006)

The works presented in this paper allow the improvement of an object grabbing method developed for the ARPH project (Robotic Assistance for Disabled people). The basic tool of this project is a mobile robot with an embedded MANUS arm. The main aim of the method developed here is to make a manipulator arm equipped with a gripper and two kinds of sensors (camera and sonar) able to seizure and handle several objects in the human environment. Ultrasonic echo is recovered by a neural network classifier in order to recognize the object shape. At the same time, a little wireless HF camera takes a color image of the target, which allows to compute the coordinates of the object in the image then in the camera frame. The combination of these various information about the object with the camera geometrical model and the visual servoing principle allows to adopt an iterative strategy to approach the object under good conditions and to seize it at the end. Two kinds of object are used (spherical and cylindrical) with several colors and diameters
Non‐invasive monitoring of oxidative skin stress by ultraweak photon emission (UPE)‐measurement. I: mechanisms of UPE of biological materials (2007)

Measurement of UPE could be proven to be a highly sensitive method to assess oxidative processes in biological molecules. The reported data indicate that UPE generated by oxidation stressed skin is mainly due to non-fluorescent photon emission via Trp, whereby Trp acts as an energy receptor from other excited species of oxidation-modified amino acids.
TREATMENT OF THE OPIUM NEUROSIS.Read before the Section of Medical Jurisprudence and Neurology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891. (1891)

It is not my intention to enter into elaborate statistics to prove the prevalence of the opium disease, or to discuss the causes which operate in its production; suffice it to say, that the habitual consumption of opium and its products does exist to a very alarming extent in this country, and that some of the causes which give rise to this malady are under our control; others are beyond our power. Nor do I purpose portraying the dire physical and mental manifestations resulting from the daily and prolonged use of the drug, interesting and instructive as the subject might prove to be, but rather do I wish to confine myself to a consideration of the treatment of this disease as it is presented to us, and indicate those methods which, in my hands, have proved most practicable, and, in my opinion, calculated to produce the best results. In that
Characterizing the fatigue damage in non-traditional laminates of carbon fiber composites using radiography (2009)

The goal of this academic project was to study the effects of different variables on the damage progression around a central hole in carbon fiber composite coupon specimens. The tracked variables included the type of layup, stress ratio, stress levels, and damage mechanisms observed in each specimen. In-situ x-ray of the individual laminates recorded the extent of damage, mostly longitudinal splitting, as a function of the cycle count. The following lay-ups were included in the experiment: [45/90/-45/02/45/02/-45/0]s, [±5/65/(±5)2/-65/±5]s, and [±5/65/(±5)2/-65/5/65]s.\nMore specifically, the objective of this study was to determine the stress levels at which detectable damage started to develop. The researchers chose to apply 50,000 cycles at each stress level and once damage was detected, the stress level was typically raised by 34.5 MPa (5 KSI), and then cycled another 50,000 cycles until damage exceeding 1.27 cm (0.50") in length was observed. Once the damage exceeded 1.27 cm (0.50"), cycling was continued to 1,000,000 cycles. Upon completion of the fatigue cycling, each specimen's residual strength was determined. The damage length versus stress level was plotted as a way to compare damage onset stresses and growth as a function of lay-up and stress ratio.
A snapshot approach for applying the Viable System Model in management systems (2013)

This paper explores Management Cybernetics as a system-oriented approach for its applicability in management systems. In particular, the Viable System Model (VSM) is identified as a rich provider of guidelines for improving efficacy and efficiency in management systems. Therefore, a methodology for the application of the VSM into any kind of system is illustrated, combining the VSM with empirical research methods. Here, interview and questionnaire techniques are used to analyze the as-is situation, identify potentials and derive measures for achieving improvements in management systems. The paper concludes that the VSM is a powerful tool for improving management systems in general, and the approach proposed in this paper can support managers in identifying and analyzing the relevant management sub-systems in their organizations.
Electrical characterization and technological optimization of Conductive Bridge RAM CBRAM devices to improve performance, speed and reliability (2016)

La technologie Flash arrive à ses limites de miniaturisation. Ainsi, la nécessité de nouvelles technologies mémoire augmente. Les candidats au remplacement des mémoires Flash sont les technologies non volatiles émergentes comme les mémoires à pont conducteur (CBRAM), résistives à base d'oxyde (RRAM), mémoires magnétiques (MRAM) et mémoires à changement de phase (PCRAM). En particulier, les mémoires CBRAM sont basées sur structure simple métal-isolant-métal (MIM) et présentent plusieurs avantages par rapport aux autres technologies. La CBRAM est non volatile, à savoir qu'elle garde l’information lorsque l'alimentation est coupée, ses dimensions peuvent être réduites jusqu'à nœud 10 nm, elle peut facilement être intégrée dans le Back-End d’une intégration CMOS, enfin, elle a une vitesse de fonctionnement élevée à basse tension et un faible coût de fabrication. Néanmoins, les spécifications pour l'industrialisation des CBRAM sont très strictes. Dans cette thèse, nous analysons deux générations de technologie CBRAM, chacune adressant un marché d'application spécifique. La première partie de la thèse est consacrée à l’étude électrique des structures à base de cuivre et de GdOX, qui présentent comme avantages une conservation des données très stable et une bonne résistance lors de la soudure des puces, et un bon comportement de l'endurance. Cette technologie adresse principalement les applications à haute température telle que l'automobile. Pour répondre aux spécifications, un oxyde métallique dopé ainsi que des bicouches sont intégrés pour réduire la tension de formation de la mémoire et augmenter la fenêtre de programmation. Les performances en endurance sont améliorées. La deuxième partie est dédiée à une nouvelle technologie de CBRAM, avec un empilement de type MIM. Dans ce cas, nous avons démontré des temps de commutation très rapides de 20ns à basses tensions (2V), combinés avec une endurance satisfaisante et une bonne rétention des données. Cette technologie semble être compatible avec les applications Internet des objets (IOT). En résumé, au cours de ce doctorat, l'objectif principal était d'étudier la fiabilité des dispositifs embarqués CBRAM en termes d’écriture des données, endurance et la conservation de l’information. Une méthodologie de test spécifique a été développée, afin d’évaluer les performances des technologies étudiées. Des modèles physiques ont été mis au point pour expliquer et analyser les résultats expérimentaux. Sur la base des résultats obtenus, nous démontrons que la technologie de CBRAM est très prometteuse pour les futures applications de mémoires non volatiles.
Synthesis, patterning and applications of star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) biofunctionalized surfaces (2007)

Poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) is an excellent material to modify surfaces to resist non-specific protein adsorption. Linear PEG has been extensively studied both theoretically and experimentally and it has been found that resistance of PEG-coated surfaces to protein adsorption depends mainly on the molecular weight of the polymer and the surface grafting density. End-functionalized star-shaped PEGs allow for interpolymer crosslinking to form a dense layer. An excellent example of such a system consists of a 6-arm PEG/PPG (4 : 1) star polymer functionalized with isocyanate using IPDI. The end functionalization may be further biofunctionalized to recognize specific biomolecules such as streptavidin, His-tagged proteins, amino-terminated oligonucleotides and cell receptors. This functionalization may be patterned into specific geometries using stamping techniques or randomly distributed by statistical reaction of the end group with the biofunctional molecule in solution. The surface preparation uses simple spin-, dip- or spray-coating and produces smooth layers with low background fluorescence. These properties, together with the advantageous chemical properties of PEG, render the surfaces ideal for immobilizing proteins on surfaces with detection limits down to the single molecule level. Proteins immobilized on such surfaces are able to maintain their folded, functional form and are able to completely refold if temporarily exposed to denaturing conditions. Immobilized enzyme molecules were able to perform their function with the same activity as the enzyme in solution. Future directions of using surfaces coated with such crosslinked star polymers in highly sensitive and robust biotechnology applications will be discussed.
Autoimmune effector cells. IX. Inhibition of adoptive transfer of autoimmune encephalomyelitis with a monoclonal antibody specific for interleukin 2 receptors. (1987)

This study was conducted to determine whether a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for rat interleukin 2 receptors (IL 2R) inhibits the activation of effector T cells that adoptively transfer experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). MAb OX 39 appears to be specific for IL 2R because it binds to concanavalin A-activated, but not resting, rat lymphocytes and inhibits mitogen- and IL 2-induced proliferation of rat spleen cells. Moreover, this MAb inhibits the in vitro activation of effector cells of EAE by myelin basic protein when added to immune donor spleen cell at the start of 72-hr culture or after 24 hr, but not when added after 48 hr of culture. Other studies employed MAb W3/25, which reacts with the rat helper T cell subset and appears to define the rat homolog of the human CD4 marker present on T4-positive cells. MAb W3/25 also blocks in vitro activation of EAE effector cells, and this blocking effect can be abrogated by adding rat T cell growth factor or partially purified IL 2 to the donor spleen cell cultures. T cell growth factor alone is incapable of activating EAE effector cells. These findings are discussed with respect to the role of lymphokines in the generation of autoreactive T cells.
A Novel Fibronectin Binding Motif in MSCRAMMs Targets F3 Modules (2009)

We conclude that BBK32 induces the formation of Fn aggregates that are indistinguishable from those formed by anastellin. The results of this study provide evidence for how bacteria can target host proteins to manipulate host cell activities.
Fabrication of fluorinated polyimide waveguides on copper-polyimide multilayer substrates for opto-electronic multichip modules (2002)

We have developed new opto-electronic substrates, which are key components for constructing opto-electronic multichip modules. These substrates consist of optical waveguides (for OEIC chip-to-chip optical interconnection) on copper-polyimide multilayers for high-speed electrical transmission. Low-loss (0.4 dB/cm) fluorinated polyimide ridge waveguides with nearly vertical and smooth sidewalls (<0.1 p m) on copper-polyimide multilayer substrates are achieved using spincoating, photolithographic patterning, and highly selective dry etching. The low propagation loss is retained even after heat-treatment at the soldering temperature of 300/spl deg/C. The uniformity of the waveguide film thickness is about /spl plusmn/2% and the uniformity of the etched depth in the ridge waveguides (including the fiber-guiding groove) is about /spl plusmn/2% over the whole substrate (9/spl times/9 cm). This new substrate achieves self-aligned fiber-to-waveguide coupling with a low coupling loss deviation (/spl sime/0.1 dB).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extraction, Characterization And Industrial Applications Of Tobacco Seed Oil (NICOTIANA TABACUM) (2013)

Oil was extracted from ground Nicotiana tabacum seeds by soxhlet. The percentage oil yield was 36.75  0.50%. The quality of the oil was assessed in terms of acid value, iodine value, saponification value, free fatty acid content, specific gravity and drying oil, highly unsaturated, non-acidic and would require little purification. The oil could be used for production of hair shampoo shoe polish and could be commercialized due to its high oil yield. Key words : Nicotiana tabacum seed oil, extraction and Industrial application.
Application of Fuzzy Logic in Automated Cow Status Monitoring (2001)

Sensors that measure yield, temperature, electrical conductivity of milk, and animal activity can be used for automated cow status monitoring. The occurrence of false-positive alerts, generated by a detection model, creates problems in practice. We used fuzzy logic to classify mastitis and estrus alerts; our objective was to reduce the number of false-positive alerts and not to change the level of detected cases of mastitis and estrus. Inputs for the fuzzy logic model were alerts from the detection model and additional information, such as the reproductive status. The output was a classification, true or false, of each alert. Only alerts that were classified true should be presented to the herd manager. Additional information was used to check whether deviating sensor measurements were caused by mastitis or estrus, or by other influences. A fuzzy logic model for the classification of mastitis alerts was tested on a data set from cows milked in an automatic milking system. All clinical cases without measurement errors were classified correctly. The number of false-positive alerts over time from a subset of 25 cows was reduced from 1266 to 64 by applying the fuzzy logic model. A fuzzy logic model for the classification of estrus alerts was tested on two data sets. The number of detected cases decreased slightly after classification, and the number of false-positive alerts decreased considerably. Classification by a fuzzy logic model proved to be very useful in increasing the applicability of automated cow status monitoring.