gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is sampled data sufficient for anomaly detection? (2006)

Sampling techniques are widely used for traffic measurements at high link speed to conserve router resources. Traditionally, sampled traffic data is used for network management tasks such as traffic matrix estimations, but recently it has also been used in numerous anomaly detection algorithms, as security analysis becomes increasingly critical for network providers. While the impact of sampling on traffic engineering metrics such as flow size and mean rate is well studied, its impact on anomaly detection remains an open question.This paper presents a comprehensive study on whether existing sampling techniques distort traffic features critical for effective anomaly detection. We sampled packet traces captured from a Tier-1 IP-backbone using four popular methods: random packet sampling, random flow sampling, smart sampling, and sample-and-hold. The sampled data is then used as input to detect two common classes of anomalies: volume anomalies and port scans. Since it is infeasible to enumerate all existing solutions, we study three representative algorithms: a wavelet-based volume anomaly detection and two portscan detection algorithms based on hypotheses testing. Our results show that all the four sampling methods introduce fundamental bias that degrades the performance of the three detection schemes, however the degradation curves are very different. We also identify the traffic features critical for anomaly detection and analyze how they are affected by sampling. Our work demonstrates the need for better measurement techniques, since anomaly detection operates on a drastically different information region, which is often overlooked by existing traffic accounting methods that target heavy-hitters.
PENOSCROTAL TRANSPOSITION: REVIEW OF 53 PATIENTS (2001)

We identified a subgroup of patients with a family history of penoscrotal transposition. Treatment requires an awareness of the association with other organ system anomalies. The Glenn-Anderson technique was the most successful method to correct transposition. Most patients required release of chordee and complex urethroplasty for hypospadias.
Semantics and synthesis of signals in behavioral VHDL (1992)

Signals are a fundamental part of VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) behavioral descriptions. Synthesis tools often inadequately address synthesis of global signals. The research presented eases the restrictions placed by existing synthesis systems on the VHDL shows that can be used to specify designs. In order to obtain functionally equivalent hardware from VHDL descriptions, it is essential to understand the semantics of VHDL constructs, especially for signals driven by several processes. The authors have introduced a conceptual hardware representation to explain the semantics of signals, ports, and resolution functions. Procedures to synthesize hardware for such constructs are given. >
The Effect of Germanium Overlayers on the Magnetization of Chromium Films (1992)

Abstract The magnetic moment of chromium films with and without germanium overlayers is determined in an ultra‐high vacuum oscillating torque magnetometer at room temperature. Films deposited with growth rates from 0.002 to 0.01 nm/s at pressures of about 10 −5 to 10 −6 Pa show frequently strong diamagnetism. This diamagnetism usually increases if Ge overlayers are deposited on the Cr film. It seems difficult to associate this increase with the magnetization of the germanium film. It is suggested that one should try to explain the observed susceptibility values with a kind of exciton mechanism.
On maximum mutual information speaker-adapted training (2002)

In this work, we combine maximum mutual information-based parameter estimation with speaker-adapted training (SAT). As will be shown, this can be achieved by performing unsupervised parameter estimation on the test data, a distinct advantage for many recognition tasks involving conversational speech. We also propose an approximation to the maximum likelihood and maximum mutual information SAT re-estimation formulae that greatly reduces the amount of disk space required to conduct training on corpora such as Broadcast News, which contains speech from thousands of speakers. We present the results of a set of speech recognition experiments on three test sets: the English Spontaneous Scheduling Task corpus, Broadcast News, and a new corpus of Meeting Room data collected at the Interactive Systems Laboratories of the Carnegie Mellon University.
Auto Configuration Based Enhanced and Secure Domain Naming Service for IPV-6 Internet of Things (2017)

In this Global Village, Wireless Sensor Networks enable Internet of Things Technology to facilitate users by providing control and services over various interconnected physical devices in smart homes that can communicate and exchange data with less user interaction. This paper proposes an Enhanced Secure DNS Name Auto-Configuration for IOT. Massive Scaling of devices causes a problem of devices identification and authentication. Legacy System Secure DNS Name Auto configuration deals with this issue, but it still creates a rush of traffic during Duplicate Address Detection uniqueness test of names generated by devices. Proposed model eliminates the multicasting at device name generation and uniqueness test stage as device authentication through NFC. Unique names generation and registration of DNS Server is automatically done by devices without human interaction.
Localization and nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen: comparison with the gene coding for the human hepatitis B virus surface antigen. (1981)

Nucleotide sequence analysis was performed with the Maxam--Gilbert method on a cloned woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA (Eco WHV DNA). The structural gene coding for the envelope protein of the virus was localized on the viral genome in the partially single-stranded region between map positions 91.2 and 71. This gene is composed of 669 nucleotides and can code for a polypeptide of 25,645 daltons. The DNA sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence were compared with those of the corresponding gene and surface antigen of the related hepatitis B virus, allowing some insight into the localization of the antigenic site.
Very Low-Field Emission from Aligned and Opened Carbon Nanotube Arrays (2001)

A very low-field emission was achieved from aligned and opened carbon nanotube arrays. Field emission current densities of 10 microamperes per square centimeter were observed at applied fields of 0.6−1 V/μm, and current densities of 10 mA/cm2 have been realized at applied fields as low as 2−2.7 V/μm. These fields are more than 2 times lower than those previously obtained for carbon nanotubes, and also represent the lowest field ever reported for any field emitting arrays at the same current densities, indicating that carbon nanotubes are superior field emitters.
Cloning, Chromosomal Localization, Physical Mapping, and Genomic Characterization ofHKR3 (1996)

The Krüppel-type zinc finger proteins are members of a conserved family of transcription factors that are important in developmental regulation. Altered expression of several of these proteins has been implicated in human diseases, including cancer. We report the cloning, mapping, and characterization of the zinc finger gene Human Krüppel-Related 3 (HKR3). Genomic clones of HKR3 were isolated from a P1 library and localized to human chromosome subband 1p36.3 by human-rodent somatic cell hybrid mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The gene was physically mapped to within 40 kb of D1S214 by YAC content and long-range restriction mapping. HKR3 spans 9.5 kb of genomic DNA and is contained in 11 exons. Sequencing defined each of the exon/intron splice site junctions and identified a CpG island in the 5' region of the gene. HKR3 is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues as at least two major transcripts, the shorter of which excludes a conserved finger-associated box and a putative acidic activation domain contained in the full-length transcript. HKR3 is a novel zinc finger gene that maps to a region of the genome commonly rearranged or deleted in human cancers.
Low-Dose Quadruple Antihypertensive Combination (2006)

Increasingly combined antihypertensive agents are being used in practice to enhance control and improve compliance. To determine whether a capsule containing a quarter of the standard dose of 4 antihypertensive agents has greater efficacy than the standard dose of each individually, we prospectively randomized 108 untreated white hypertensive patients (55% male) aged 50+/-1 years (mean+/-SEM), with mean blood pressure 160+/-1/96+/-1 mm Hg. Patients received amlodipine (5 mg; n=22), atenolol (50 mg; n=20), bendroflumethiazide (2.5 mg; n=22), captopril (50 mg twice daily; n=22) or a capsule containing each of the 4 above at one-quarter dosage (n=22) in a parallel group design for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was measured using a semiautomated device (Omron 705), and the reduction in mean arterial pressure with the combined preparation was compared with that of the individual components. Statistical analysis used ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer honestly significant difference for multiple comparisons. The reduction in mean arterial pressure with the combination (19+/-2 mm Hg) was significantly greater than that with individual agents amlodipine (10+/-2 mm Hg; P<0.005), atenolol (10+/-2 mm Hg; P<0.005), bendroflumethiazide (6+/-1 mm Hg; P<0.005), and captopril (11+/-1 mm Hg; P<0.01). In addition, the percentage reduction in systolic (18+/-1 mm Hg; P<0.005) and diastolic (17+/-2 mm Hg; P=0.06) blood pressure was greater with the combination. More patients achieved a blood pressure of <140/90 mm Hg with the combination (60%) than any individual drug (15% to 45%; P<0.05). A low-dose combination of 4 agents representing 4 classes of standard antihypertensive agents was more efficacious than a standard single dose of each agent individually.
Abstract interpretation (1996)

is a general theory for approximating the semantics of discrete dynamic systems, for example, computations of programs. In particular, program analysis algorithms can be constructively derived from these abstract semantics.
Design of a robotic automation system for transportation of goods in hospitals (2007)

Hospitals face with heavy traffic of goods everyday, where transportation tasks are mainly carried by human. Analysis of the current situation of transportation in a typical hospital showed several transportation tasks are suitable for automation. This paper presents a system, consisting of a fleet of robot vehicles, automatic stations and smart containers for automation of transportation of goods in hospitals. Design of semi-autonomous robot vehicles, containers and stations are presented and the overall system architecture is described. Implementing such a system in an existing hospital showed the need of necessary modifications to the hospital infrastructure.
Lambda placMu: a transposable derivative of bacteriophage lambda for creating lacZ protein fusions in a single step (1984)

We isolated a plaque-forming derivative of phage lambda, lambda placMu1 , that contains sequences from bacteriophage Mu enabling it to integrate into the Escherichia coli chromosome by means of the Mu transposition system. The Mu DNA carried by this phage includes both attachment sites as well as the cI, ner (cII), and A genes. Lambda placMu1 also contains the lacZ gene, deleted for its transcription and translation initiation signals, and the lacY gene of E. coli, positioned next to the terminal 117 base pairs from the S end of Mu. Because this terminal Mu sequence is an open reading frame fused in frame to lacZ, the phage can create lacZ protein fusions in a single step when it integrates into a target gene in the proper orientation and reading frame. To demonstrate the use of this phage, we isolated lacZ fusions to the malB locus. These showed the phenotypes and regulation expected for malB fusions and could be used to isolate specialized transducing phages carrying the entire gene fusion as well as an adjacent gene (malE). They were found to be genetically stable and rarely (less than 10(-7] gave rise to secondary Lac+ insertions. We also isolated insertions into high-copy-number plasmids. The physical structure of these phage-plasmid hybrids was that expected from a Mu-dependent insertion event, with the lambda placMu prophage flanked by the Mu attachment sites. Lac+ insertions into a cloned recA gene were found at numerous positions and produced hybrid proteins whose sizes were correlated with the position of the fusions in recA.
Adaptive channel precoding for personal communications (1994)

A novel adaptive channel precoder is proposed to improve the bit error rate performance of a personal wireless communication system, without increasing the complexity of the portable unit, over a slowly fading channel with severe intersymbol interference.
Synthesis of New Harmine Isoxazoles and Evaluation of their Potential Anti-Alzheimer, Anti-inflammatory, and Anticancer Activities (2016)

Harmine 1 was extracted from the seeds of Peganum harmala. From this natural molecule, a new series of isoxazole derivatives with complete regiospecificity were prepared using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with various arylnitrile oxides. Harmine and its derivatives were characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and HRMS. The evaluation of their anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), anti-5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), anti-xanthine oxidase (XOD) and anticancer activities were studied in vitro against AChE, 5-LOX and XOD enzymes, respectively, and in HTC-116, MCF7 and OVCAR-3 cancer cell lines. The prepared derivatives were shown to be inactive against the XOD enzyme (0-38.3 ± 1.9% at 100 µM). Compound 2 exhibited the best anti-AChE activity (IC50=1.9 ± 1.5 µM). Derivatives 3a, 3b and 3d had moderate cytotoxic activities (IC50=5.0 ± 0.3 µM (3a) and IC50=6.3 ± 0.4 µM (3b) against HCT 116 cells, IC50=5.0 ± 1.0 µM (3d) against MCF7 cells).
[Inhibitory effects of L-threo-DOPS on electroshock seizure in mice]. (1989)

Effects of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-DOPS), a synthetic norepinephrine (NE) precursor, on electroshock seizure were studied in mice. All substances were administered intraperitoneally. Minimal electroshock seizure threshold (EST) was not significantly altered by L-DOPS at a dose of 200 or 400 mg/kg. L-DOPS was unable to abolish tonic extensions of hind legs in maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test at doses from 100 to 400 mg/kg. However, it significantly reduced extension/flexion (E/F) ratio in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, L-DOPS dose-dependently blocked maximal electroconvulsions in a combined use with nialamide (30 mg/kg), desipramine (20 mg/kg) or maprotiline (40 mg/kg) at so small doses as not to show any anticonvulsant effect when they were used alone. ED50 (with 95% confidence limit) of L-DOPS in the combination treatments were 210 (145-305), 160 (100-256) and 95 (50-181) mg/kg respectively. Those results indicate that L-DOPS has an anticonvulsant property, which is potentiated by a MAO inhibitor or NE uptake blockers. It was presumed that the effect of L-DOPS was caused by the inhibition of spreading of seizure discharges. It was suggested that L-DOPS would be a useful substance for the investigation on a role of NE in experimental epilepsy and could be used clinically as an adjunct drug for generalized tonic-clonic convulsions.
Protective Effect of Agmatine on a Reperfusion Model After Transient Cerebral Ischemia: Temporal Evolution on Perfusion MR Imaging and Histopathologic Findings (2006)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The goal of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke is early recanalization, but this may result in delayed reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of agmatine in a transient ischemic cat model by using MR perfusion imaging and histopathologic analyses. METHOD: One-hour temporary occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery of cats was performed in the control ischemia group (n 10), and 100 mg/kg of agmatine was intravenously injected immediately after recanalization in the agmatine-treated group (n 15). MR imaging was performed at 1, 24, and 48 hours after recanalization, and the perfusion patterns were investigated. Terminal–deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick and end-labeling (TUNEL) and hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E) stainings were performed at the corresponding sections. RESULTS: In the control ischemia group, the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the areas with reperfusion hyperemia (P .05). In the agmatine-treated group, no significant increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells was noted in the areas of reperfusion hyperemia. The difference in the number of TUNEL-positive cells between the control ischemia and agmatine-treated group in the areas of reperfusion hyperemia was significant (P .05). The total number of TUNEL-positive cells
Diamagnetic Levitation With Permanent Magnets for Contactless Guiding and Trapping of Microdroplets and Particles in Air and Liquids (2006)

Diamagnetic levitation was applied to micro-positioning and trapping of diamagnetic micron-sized particles and micro-droplets. Scale reduction laws for magnetism indicate that diamagnetism is highly efficient for magnetic MEMS. We demonstrate here that diamagnetic bodies can be contactless guided along magnetic grooves or trapped in magnetic wells both in air and in liquids. Levitation of water, ethanol and oil microdroplets was achieved within a 1.6 mm bore of a cylindrical magnet and in micromachined bulk magnets. Thick permanent micromagnets were also electroplated above silicon wafers in various matrix configurations. Diamagnetic levitation on micromagnet arrays was tested with 3 mum-large diamagnetic latex beads in a paramagnetic buffered solution. Trapping and arraying of microparticles in stable spatial levitation within magnetic wells were successfully achieved
Self-checking comparator with one periodic output (1996)

In this paper we propose a new self-checking comparator with one periodic output. The comparator can be used as a two-rail checker or as an equality checker. Two different input patterns are sufficient to detect all the faults considered.
Sequential prediction of individual sequences under general loss functions (1998)

We consider adaptive sequential prediction of arbitrary binary sequences when the performance is evaluated using a general loss function. The goal is to predict on each individual sequence nearly as well as the best prediction strategy in a given comparison class of (possibly adaptive) prediction strategies, called experts. By using a general loss function, we generalize previous work on universal prediction, forecasting, and data compression. However, here we restrict ourselves to the case when the comparison class is finite. For a given sequence, we define the regret as the total loss on the entire sequence suffered by the adaptive sequential predictor, minus the total loss suffered by the predictor in the comparison class that performs best on that particular sequence. We show that for a large class of loss functions, the minimax regret is either /spl theta/(log N) or /spl Omega/(/spl radic//spl Lscr/log N), depending on the loss function, where N is the number of predictors in the comparison class and/spl Lscr/ is the length of the sequence to be predicted. The former case was shown previously by Vovk (1990); we give a simplified analysis with an explicit closed form for the constant in the minimax regret formula, and give a probabilistic argument that shows this constant is the best possible. Some weak regularity conditions are imposed on the loss function in obtaining these results. We also extend our analysis to the case of predicting arbitrary sequences that take real values in the interval [0,1].
Nanotribological characterization of fluoropolymer thin films for biomedical micro/nanoelectromechanical system applications (2005)

A vapor phase deposition system was designed to coat uniform, conformal and ultrathin coatings of fluoropolymer and fluorosilane thin films inside silicon nanochannels. Surface modifications using vapor phase deposition become increasingly important for biomedical micro/nanoelectromechanical system (BioMEMS/NEMS) applications and have advantages over liquid phase deposition since the vapor can permeate more efficiently into silicon nanochannels. In this article, we explore the use of vapor phase deposition to deposit ultrathin films of two fluoropolymers and a fluorosilane, identifying deposition parameters to optimize the process. The films are desirable to control the hydrophobicity of the surface and reduce or prevent undesired protein adsorption or cell interactions, which may cause detrimental effects to the performance of most BioMEMS/NEMS devices. The films were characterized by means of a contact angle analyzer for hydrophobicity and an ellipsometer for film thickness. Atomic force microscopy was used extensively to collect surface images, adhesive and frictional properties of these films, all of which play a very important role in characterizing uniform, conformal and ultrathin films on the surface.
Syntheses and Structures of Cationic and Neutral, Homo- and Heteroleptic<i>tert</i>-Butoxides of the Group 4 Metals (2010)

The utility of tri-tert-butoxystannate as a chelating tridentate ligand for group 4 metals was investigated. The highly Lewis acidic metals degraded the stannate ion in a series of tert-butoxide abstraction steps to produce a variety of group 4 tert-butoxides. A total of 1 equiv of NaSn(O(t)Bu)(3) reacted with cis-MCl(4)(THF)(2) [M = Zr (1), Hf (2)] in THF solutions to furnish the salts fac-{[M(O(t)Bu)(3)(THF)(3)](SnCl(3))}, which are separated ion pairs featuring weakly coordinating trichlorostannate ions. Neutral complexes, namely, [M(O(t)Bu)(2)Cl(2)(THF)(2)] [M = Zr (3), Hf (4)], were isolated when 2/3 equiv of sodium stannate was used in these reactions. Titanium tetrachloride formed analogues neither of 1 and 2 nor of 3 and 4, but Ti(O(t)Bu)(3)Cl reacted with silver triflate to give [Ti(O(t)Bu)(2)(OTf)(2)(THF)(2)] (5). Anion exchange of triflate for trichlorostannate transformed 1 to the contact ion pair fac-[Zr(O(t)Bu)(3)OTf(THF)(2)] (6). A total of 2 equiv of NaSn(O(t)Bu)(3) reacted with cis-MCl(4)(THF)(2) to give the complexes fac-[Sn(mu-O(t)Bu)(3)M(O(t)Bu)(3)] [M = Zr (7), Hf (8)]. Tri-tert-butoxystannate may be used as a selective alkoxylating agent for group 4 metals, and it can be transferred to these metals intact if their Lewis acidity is appropriately attenuated as in fac-{[M(O(t)Bu)(3)(THF)(3)](SnCl(3))}. Single-crystal X-ray studies revealed distorted octahedral coordination geometries for all compounds (1-8), with 1, 2, 7, and 8 being crystallographically C(3) symmetric.