gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Clot Lysis as a Potential Indicator of Thrombus Resistance to Fibrinolysis – Study in Healthy Subjects and Correlation with Blood Fibrinolytic Parameters (1997)

Using an in vitro model of clot lysis, the individual response to a pharmacological concentration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and the influence on this response of the physiological variations of blood parameters known to interfere with the fibrinolytic/thrombolytic process were investigated in 103 healthy donors. 125I-fibrin labelled blood clots were submersed in autologous plasma, supplemented with 500 ng/ml of rt-PA or solvent, and the degree of lysis was determined after 3 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. Baseline plasma levels of t-PA, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, fibrinogen, lipoprotein (a), thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor as well as platelet and leukocyte count and clot retraction were also determined in each donor. rt-PA-induced clot lysis varied over a wide range (28-75%) and was significantly related to endogenous t-PA, PAI-1, plasminogen (p < 0.001) and age (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that both PAI-1 antigen and plasminogen independently predicted low response to rt-PA. Surprisingly, however, not only PAI-1 but also plasminogen was negatively correlated with rt-PA-induced clot lysis. The observation that neutralization of PAI-1 by specific antibodies, both in plasma and within the clot, did not potentiate clot lysis indicates that the inhibitor, including the platelet-derived form, is insufficient to attenuate the thrombolytic activity of a pharmacological concentration of rt-PA and that its elevation, similarly to the elevation of plasminogen, is not the cause of clot resistance but rather a coincident finding. It is concluded that the in vitro response of blood clots to rt-PA is poorly influenced by the physiological variations of the examined parameters and that factors other than those evaluated in this study interfere with clot dissolution by rt-PA. In vitro clot lysis test might help to identify patients who may be resistant to thrombolytic therapy.
Kidney-specific inactivation of the KIF3A subunit of kinesin-II inhibits renal ciliogenesis and produces polycystic kidney disease (2003)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most common genetic cause of renal failure in humans. Several proteins that are encoded by genes associated with PKD have recently been identified in primary cilia in renal tubular epithelia. These findings have suggested that abnormalities in cilia formation and function may play a role in the pathogenesis of PKD. To directly determine whether cilia are essential to maintain tubular integrity, we conditionally inactivated KIF3A, a subunit of kinesin-II that is essential for cilia formation, in renal epithelia. Constitutive inactivation of KIF3A produces abnormalities of left-right axis determination and embryonic lethality. Here we show that tissue-specific inactivation of KIF3A in renal tubular epithelial cells results in viable offspring with normal-appearing kidneys at birth. Cysts begin to develop in the kidney at postnatal day 5 and cause renal failure by postnatal day 21. The cyst epithelial cells lack primary cilia and exhibit increased proliferation and apoptosis, apical mislocalization of the epidermal growth factor receptor, increased expression of beta-catenin and c-Myc, and inhibition of p21(CIP1). These results demonstrate that the absence of renal cilia produces both the clinical and cell biological findings associated with PKD. Most generally, the phenotype of Kif3a mutant mice suggests a role for primary cilia in the maintenance of lumen-forming epithelial differentiation.
Human Islets Have Fewer Blood Vessels than Mouse Islets and the Density of Islet Vascular Structures Is Increased in Type 2 Diabetes (2015)

Human and rodent islets differ substantially in several features, including architecture, cell composition, gene expression and some aspects of insulin secretion. Mouse pancreatic islets are highly vascularized with interactions between islet endothelial and endocrine cells being important for islet cell differentiation and function. To determine whether human islets have a similar high degree of vascularization and whether this is altered with diabetes, we examined the vascularization of islets from normal human subjects, subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and normal mice. Using an integrated morphometry approach to quantify intra-islet capillary density in human and mouse pancreatic sections, we found that human islets have five-fold fewer vessels per islet area than mouse islets. Islets in pancreatic sections from T2D subjects showed capillary thickening, some capillary fragmentation and had increased vessel density as compared with non-diabetic controls. These changes in islet vasculature in T2D islets appeared to be associated with amyloid deposition, which was noted in islets from 8/9 T2D subjects (and occupied 14% ± 4% of islet area), especially around the intra-islet capillaries. The physiological implications of the differences in the angioarchitecture of mouse and human islets are not known. Islet vascular changes in T2D may exacerbate β cell/islet dysfunction and β cell loss.
Gene delivery to neurons: Is herpes simplex virus the right tool for the job? (1993)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-derived vectors are currently being developed for the introduction of foreign DNA into neurons. HSV vectors can facilitate a range of molecular studies on postmitotic neurons and may ultimately be used for somatic cell gene therapy for certain neurologic diseases. In this article, the salient features of the pathologenesis and molecular biology of HSV relevant to its use as a vector are described, along with an overview of the methods used to derive these vectors. The accomplishments which have been made to date using the HSV vector system are discussed, with emphasis on the issues of this technology which remain to be addressed. HSV has the potential to be a most useful tool for neuronal cell transgenesis and it is likely that important neurobiological questions will be answered using this vector system.
Fast wave-front reconstruction in large adaptive optics systems with use of the Fourier transform (2002)

Wave-front reconstruction with the use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and spatial filtering is shown to be computationally tractable and sufficiently accurate for use in large Shack-Hartmann-based adaptive optics systems (up to at least 10,000 actuators). This method is significantly faster than, and can have noise propagation comparable with that of, traditional vector-matrix-multiply reconstructors. The boundary problem that prevented the accurate reconstruction of phase in circular apertures by means of square-grid Fourier transforms (FTs) is identified and solved. The methods are adapted for use on the Fried geometry. Detailed performance analysis of mean squared error and noise propagation for FT methods is presented with the use of both theory and simulation.
Sound (1987)

Experiment 7.01 The Rubber Band Guitar Materials: - soda straw, rubber band, cardboard
Thermal radiation transmission and reflection properties of ceramic 3D photonic crystals (2012)

The infrared (IR) transmission and reflection properties of the ceramic thermal barrier coatings have great implications on the overall performance of a component operated at high temperatures, where a significant amount of heat from external IR radiation will propagate through the coating toward the underlying substrate. A high-temperature photonic structure can be used to limit this radiation transport while operating at temperatures above 1000 °C. Herein, we present the concept of a broadband and angle-insensitive IR reflector, based on 3D photonic crystals (PhCs) that consists of a ceramic material with high thermal stability and low thermal conductivity. We numerically demonstrate that the multistack ceramic 3D PhCs can provide >80% of bi-hemispherical reflectance in the wavelength region of 1–5 μm.
Cyclic AMP induces transforming growth factor beta 2 gene expression and growth arrest in the human androgen-independent prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3. (1992)

The standard therapy for advanced prostate cancer is androgen ablation. Despite transitory responses, hormonally treated patients ultimately relapse with androgen-independent disease that is resistant to further hormonal manipulation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. To develop an additional approach to the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, we have been studying the signal transductions controlling the growth of human androgen-independent prostate carcinoma cell lines. We report here that elevation of intracellular cAMP markedly inhibits the growth of the hormone-refractory cell line PC-3. To examine the mechanism of cAMP action in PC-3 cells, we tested the effect of the cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP (Bt2-cAMP) on the regulation of the potent negative growth factor transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Bt2-cAMP selectively induced the secretion of TGF-beta 2 and not TGF-beta 1 by PC-3 cells. This TGF-beta 2 was shown to be bioactive by using the CCL-64 mink lung cell assay. TGF-beta 1 was not activated despite being present at 3-fold higher concentrations than TGF-beta 2. Northern analysis showed that Bt2-cAMP induced an increase in the five characteristic TGF-beta 2 transcripts and had no effect on the level of TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 3 transcripts. TGF-beta 2 induction was only weakly enhanced by cycloheximide and was completely inhibited by actinomycin D. These data show that Bt2-cAMP induces the expression of active TGF-beta 2 by PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells, suggesting a new approach to the treatment of prostate cancer and a new molecular mechanism of cAMP action.
A versatile approach to multiple gene RNA interference using microRNA-based short hairpin RNAs (2007)

We demonstrate functional consequences of depleting multiple endogenous target genes using miR-shRNAs, and highlight the versatility of the described vector platform for multiple target gene knockdown in mammalian cells.
Sagnac effect in a chain of mesoscopic quantum rings (2009)

The ability to interferometrically detect inertial rotations via the Sagnac effect has been a strong stimulus for the development of atom interferometry because of the potential ${10}^{10}$ enhancement of the rotational phase shift in comparison to optical Sagnac gyroscopes. Here we analyze ballistic transport of matter waves in a one-dimensional chain of $N$ coherently coupled quantum rings in the presence of a rotation of angular frequency $\ensuremath{\Omega}$. We show that the transmission probability, $T$, exhibits zero transmission stop gaps as a function of the rotation rate interspersed with regions of rapidly oscillating finite transmission. With increasing $N$, the transition from zero transmission to the oscillatory regime becomes an increasingly sharp function of $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ with a slope $\ensuremath{\partial}T/\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\Omega}\ensuremath{\sim}{N}^{2}$. The steepness of this slope dramatically enhances the response to rotations in comparison to conventional single ring interferometers such as the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and leads to a phase sensitivity well below the quantum shot-noise limit typical of atom interferometers.
Spectrum of trabecular pigmentation in open-angle glaucoma: a clinicopathologic study. (1976)

In eight patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma and associated trabecular pigmentation, trabeculectomy and peripheral iridectomy specimens were studied by light and electron microscopy. Clinically, three patients displayed signs of classic pigmentary glaucoma (Group 1). In the other cases chronic open-angle glaucoma was associated with varying degrees of expression of the full pigmentary glaucoma syndrome (Group 2). Histopathologic examination of peripheral iridectomy and trabeculectomy specimens from Group 1 showed: (1) marked focal atrophy and hypopigmentation of iris pigmented epithelium with an apparent delay in melanogenesis. The dilator muscle was thickened except for occasional thinned areas. (2) The trabeculectomy specimens revealed excessive amounts of pigmented epithelial melanosomes and moderate accumulation of electron-dense basement membrane-like material in the juxtacanalicular meshwork. Similar specimens from Group 2 showed: (1) minimal hypopigmentation of the iris pigmented epithelium with normal melanogenesis. The iris stroma and dilator muscle were normal. (2) Trabeculectomy specimens displayed excessive electron-dense basement membrane-like material in the juxtacanalicular meshwork and minimal to moderate accumulation of melanosomes.
Cyclosporine A-induced nitration of tyrosine 34 MnSOD in endothelial cells: role of mitochondrial superoxide (2010)

We propose that CsA induced endothelial damage may be related to increased mitochondrial superoxide formation and subsequent peroxynitrite-dependent nitroxidative damage, specifically targeting MnSOD. The inactivation of this key antioxidant enzyme by tyrosine nitration represents a pathophysiological cellular mechanism contributing to self-perpetuation and amplification of CsA-related vascular toxicity.
Partitioning the WS Execution Environment for Hosting Mobile Web Services (2008)

Hosting Web services on mobile and wireless devices is challenging because of their limited resources. A few efforts have been made to facilitate hosting of Web services on such devices, but the proposed solutions do not always conform to the multiple Web service standards and security frameworks that have been proposed by the Web service community. Secondly, the performance of these solutions is often limited due to the resource limitations of mobile devices. In this paper, we propose to address this issue by introducing a novel system partitioning technique to be used by a web service provider so that a few WS components can be executed on an intermediate node. The use of the proposed partitioning technique for a WS execution environment has shown a significant performance improvement. The proposed partitioning technique is analyzed using a prototype WS execution environment hosting sample Web services.
Metabolism (2002)

Nematodes reside in diverse environments, including fresh and salt water, soil, plant roots and various animal tissues, especially the intestinal tract of vertebrates. Indeed, a species of nematode is adapted for every environment on earth where organisms can be surrounded by at least a film of water (Wharton, 1986). Aside from moisture, each habitat poses particular challenges for nematode survival. These challenges include physicochemical stressors, such as osmotic strength, ion concentration, pH, and O2 tension that can exceed the levels typically associated with metazoan existence. Nematodes are also subjected to hostile reactions, such as immune responses and digestive enzymes, from host animals. Considering how successful they are as a phylum of organisms, nematodes have obviously evolved ways to overcome a wide variety of environmental challenges. In this chapter, we discuss the functional, and where available, molecular biology of the processes and tissues that help maintain homeostasis in nematodes, defined here as a balance of electrochemical and osmotic (including hydrodynamic) gradients between the pseudocoelomic fluid and the external environment. Our discussion includes a consideration of the structures and tissues that establish and maintain these gradients. In addition, we distinguish processes of excretion, in which indigestible material and waste products are removed from internal tissue compartments, from those of secretion, the release of bioactive molecules that affect the environment. Nematodes secrete molecules that, among other effects, contribute to immune evasion, extracorporal digestion and loca-lised paralysis of the host intestine. We also briefly consider the anatomical structures from which such molecules are secreted, including the tubular system, epidermal gland cells, pharyngeal glands, rectal glands and stichosomes. Detailed descriptions of each of these structures are provided in Chapter 2.
IL-12 inhibits Th2 cytokine responses induced by eggs of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> . (1994)

In the mouse, infection with the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni results in the selective induction of CD4+ T lymphocytes belonging to the Th2 subset. Schistosome ova are responsible for the development of Th2 responses seen in patently infected animals and the injection of eggs s.c. into the footpad leads to the development of elevated Th2 cytokine production by T cells in the draining popliteal lymph node. Using the egg injection model, we have shown that IL-12 suppresses schistosome egg-induced Th2 responses as evidenced by decreased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 secretion in vitro while increasing the production of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma. Similar responses were obtained using either total lymph node cells or purified CD4+ T cells, indicating that IL-12 acts at the T cell level. When given as a single injection IL-12 was most effective at inhibiting Th2 responses when administered 2 days after egg inoculation, a time when T cells are still in a Th0 phase. The suppression of Th2 responses induced by IL-12 was blocked when the animals were simultaneously injected with neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma mAb, either systemically or systemically plus locally. Anti-IFN-gamma also inhibited the enhancement of IFN-gamma responses induced by IL-12 but only if the mAb was administered systemically plus locally. NK cells are likely to be a major source of the immunoregulatory IFN-gamma, because the effects of IL-12 on Th2 cytokine production were suppressed in mice treated with anti-asialo-GM1 Abs. Together these results suggest that IL-12 may have potential use in preventing or treating parasite-induced pathology resulting from Th2 cytokine production.
Copper-Catalyzed Radical Acyl-Cyanation of Alkenes with Mechanistic Studies on the <i>tert</i>-Butoxy Radical (2019)

A copper-catalyzed radical acyl-cyanation of alkenes with aldehydes, employing TBHP as an initiator, has been developed and is reported in this study. Mechanistic studies support the radical pathway of the reaction, which starts from a tert-butoxy radical. Theoretical studies with DFT calculations and our experimental results suggest that metal species is the dominant factor for the β-Me scission of Ot-Bu radical rather than temperature, and the β-Me scission of a free Ot-Bu radical is concentration-dependent kinetically unfavorable in the presence of aldehydes in this reaction.
Cellular vs. Network MIMO: A comparison including the channel state information overhead (2009)

Cooperative base-station (BS) signaling using MU-MIMO (Network MIMO) has received a great deal of attention given its ability to reduce inter-cell interference (ICI) and improve the system spectral efficiency. Indeed for a given number of antennas per BS, cooperative systems can have significant benefits over conventional cellular architectures. However cooperative signaling requires and uses more channel state information (CSI). This increases CSI signaling overhead, and can have a non-negligible effect on the system throughput. In fact once systems are compared while taking into account CSI overhead, the question of what system architecture is best becomes interesting and non-trivial. We provide one such alternative look at cooperative architectures. We show, despite prevailing views, that cellular architectures, using coordinated colocated antennas, can be quite attractive compared to Network MIMO.
Structural health monitoring of a cable-stayed bridge using smart sensor technology: deployment and evaluation (2010)

Structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure using wireless smart sensor networks (WSSNs) has received significant public attention in recent years. The benefits of WSSNs are that they are low-cost, easy to install, and provide effective data management via on-board computation. This paper reports on the deployment and evaluation of a state-of-the-art WSSN on the new Jindo Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge in South Korea with a 344-m main span and two 70-m side spans. The central components of the WSSN deployment are the Imote2 smart sensor platforms, a custom-designed multimetric sensor boards, base stations, and software provided by the Illinois Structural Health Monitoring Project (ISHMP) Services Toolsuite. In total, 70 sensor nodes and two base stations have been deployed to monitor the bridge using an autonomous SHM application with excessive wind and vibration triggering the system to initiate monitoring. Additionally, the performance of the system is evaluated in terms of hardware durability, software stability, power consumption and energy harvesting capabilities. The Jindo Bridge SHM system constitutes the largest deployment of wireless smart sensors for civil infrastructure monitoring to date. This deployment demonstrates the strong potential of WSSNs for monitoring of large scale civil infrastructure.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography for the Evaluation of Lower Extremity Arterial Disease (2001)

Magnetic resonance angiography is highly accurate for assessment of the entire lower extremity for arterial disease. Three-dimensional Gd-enhanced MRA improves diagnostic performance compared with 2-D MRA.
On Theory of VM Placement: Anomalies in Existing Methodologies and Their Mitigation Using a Novel Vector Based Approach (2011)

In this paper, we present the methodologies used in existing literature for Virtual Machine (VM) placement, load balancing and server consolidation in a data center environment. While the methodologies may seem fine on the surface, certain drawbacks and anomalies can be uncovered when they are analyzed deeper. We point out those anomalies and draw backs in the existing literature and explain what are the root causes of such anomalies. Then we propose a novel methodology based on vector arithmetic which not only addresses those anomalies but also leads to some interesting theories and algorithms to tackle the above mentioned three functionalities required in managing resources of data centers. We believe that with a strong mathematical base, our methodology has the potential to become the foundation of future models and algorithms in this research area.
Cooperative roles of biological flow and surface topography in guiding sperm migration revealed by a microfluidic model (2014)

A microfluidic model reveals that surface topography assists sperm to swim against the flow within a channel.
Optical properties and interparticle coupling of plasmonic bowtie nanoantennas on a semiconducting substrate (2014)

We present the simulation, fabrication, and optical characterization of plasmonic gold bowtie nanoantennas on a semiconducting GaAs substrate as geometrical parameters such as size, feed gap, height, and polarization of the incident light are varied. The surface-plasmon resonance was probed using white light reflectivity on an array of nominally identical, 35-nm-thick gold antennas. To elucidate the influence of the semiconducting, high-refractive-index substrate, all experiments were compared using nominally identical structures on glass. Besides a linear shift of the surface-plasmon resonance from 1.08 to 1.58 eV when decreasing the triangle size from 170 to 100 nm on GaAs, we observed a global redshift by 0.25 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$ 0.05 eV with respect to nominally identical structures on glass. By performing polarization-resolved measurements and comparing results with finite-difference time-domain simulations, we determined the near-field coupling between the two triangles composing the bowtie antenna to be $\ensuremath{\sim}8$ times stronger when the antenna is on a glass substrate compared to when it is on a GaAs substrate. The results obtained have strong relevance for the integration of lithographically defined plasmonic nanoantennas on semiconducting substrates and therefore for the development of novel optically active plasmonic-semiconducting nanostructures.