gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Repression and Heterochromatin Formation by MBD1 and MCAF/AM Family Proteins (2005)

DNA methylation cooperates with methylation at lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3-K9), a modified histone molecule that is targeted by heterochromatin protein 1, to form a transcriptionally silent chromatin. Methyl CpG-binding protein MBD1 recognizes methylated CpG dinucleotide and recruits H3-K9 methyltransferases such as SETDB1 to genomic regions. Here we show that MBD1-containing chromatin-associated factor (MCAF) 1, also known as the human homologue of murine ATFa-associated modulator (AM), is required for transcriptional repression and heterochromatin formation by MBD1, together with the involvement of SETDB1. Moreover, the amino acid sequence of MCAF1 shows similarity to a number of sequences of the MCAF/AM-related proteins, resulting in the identification of a new member of the protein family, termed MCAF2. Immunoprecipitation and in vitro binding analyses reveal that both MCAF proteins interact with MBD1, SETDB1, and Sp1 via two evolutionarily conserved distinct domains. Furthermore, MCAF1 enhances transcriptional repression by MBD1 together with SETDB1, and exogenous expression of MCAF2 partly compensates for the repressive activity in MCAF1 knockdown HeLa cells. The expression of MBD1 mutant, which lacks interaction with MCAF proteins, perturbs heterochromatin protein 1-enriched heterochromatin formation at the MBD1-containing chromosomal loci. These data suggest that MBD1.MCAF1.SETDB1 complex facilitates the formation of heterochromatic domains, emphasizing the role of MCAF/AM family proteins in epigenetic control.
Carbon dioxide mediated, reversible chemical hydrogen storage using a Pd nanocatalyst supported on mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (2014)

Reversible, carbon dioxide mediated chemical hydrogen storage was first demonstrated using a heterogeneous Pd catalyst supported on mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (Pd/mpg-C3N4). The Pd nanoparticles were found to be uniformly dispersed onto mpg-C3N4 with an average size of 1.7 nm without any agglomeration and further exhibit superior activity for the dehydrogenation of formic acid with a turnover frequency of 144 h−1 even in the absence of external bases at room temperature. Initial DFT studies suggest that basic sites located at the mpg-C3N4 support play synergetic roles in stabilizing reduced Pd nanoparticles without any surfactant as well as in initiating H2-release by deprotonation of formic acid, and these potential interactions were further confirmed by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). Along with dehydrogenation, Pd/mpg-C3N4 also proves to catalyze the regeneration of formic acid via CO2 hydrogenation. The governing factors of CO2 hydrogenation are further elucidated to increase the quantity of the desired formic acid with high selectivity.
Whole genome expression analysis within the angiotensin II-apolipoprotein E deficient mouse model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (2009)

This study is the first report describing whole genome expression arrays in the apolipoprotein E deficient mice in relation to aneurysm formation. The findings suggest that the pathways believed to be critical in human AAA are also relevant to aneurysm formation in this mouse model. The findings therefore support the value of this model to investigate interventions and mechanisms of human AAA.
Physical and Antibacterial Properties of Edible Films Formulated with Apple Skin Polyphenols (2011)

Fruit and vegetable skins have polyphenolic compounds, terpenes, and phenols with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. These flavoring plant essential oil components are generally regarded as safe. Edible films made from fruits or vegetables containing apple skin polyphenols have the potential to be used commercially to protect food against contamination by pathogenic bacteria. The main objective of this study was to evaluate physical properties as well as antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enterica of apple skin polyphenols at 0% to 10% (w/w) concentrations in apple puree film-forming solutions formulated into edible films. Commercial apple skin polyphenol powder had a water activity of 0.44 and high total soluble phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (995.3 mg chlorogenic acid/100 g and 14.4 mg Trolox/g, respectively). Antimicrobial activities of edible film containing apple skin polyphenols were determined by the overlay method. Apple edible film with apple skin polyphenols was highly effective against L. monocytogenes. The minimum concentration need to inactive L. monocytogenes was 1.5%. However, apple skin polyphenols did not show any antimicrobial effect against E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica even at 10% level. The presence of apple skin polyphenols reduced water vapor permeability of films. Apple skin polyphenols increased elongation of films and darkened the color of films. The results of the present study show that apple skin polyphenols can be used to prepare apple-based antimicrobial edible films with good physical properties for food applications by direct contact.
Comparative sensitivity of cardiac troponin I and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (1996)

Criteria for the retrospective diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction rely heavily on increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes. However, increases of LD isoenzyme activities are not specific for myocardial injury. Recently, increased concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) have been shown to be highly specific for myocardial damage and to have sensitivity comparable with that of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme for detecting cardiac injury. Furthermore, increases of cTnI persist in plasma for at least several days. The present study was designed to determine the relative sensitivities of cTnI and LD isoenzymes over time for the diagnosis of infarction. The results indicate that cTnI values are at least as sensitive as LD isoenzymes: 90% of patients with myocardial infarction had above-normal concentrations of cTnI on the 4th day after admission to the coronary care unit. Criteria based on cTnI should improve the accuracy of retrospective diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction.
Cisplatin‐controlled p53 gene therapy for human non‐small cell lung cancer xenografts in athymic nude mice via the CArG elements (2005)

Cisplatin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, causes tumor cell death by producing DNA damage and generating reactive oxygen intermediates, which have been reported to activate the early growth response-1 (Egr-1) promoter through specific cis-acting sequences, termed CArG elements. The aim of this study was to construct an adenoviral vector containing CArG elements cloned upstream of the cDNA for human wt-p53, and to observe the effect of this vector on human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenografts in athymic nude mice when combined with cisplatin treatment. The adenoviral vector AdEgr-p53 was generated by inserting CArG elements upstream of human wt-p53 cDNA. Two human NSCLC cell lines of varying p53 gene status, A549 (containing wild-type p53) and H358 (containing an internal homozygous deletion of the p53 gene) were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments. Wt-p53 production in cultured tumor cells and xenografts treated with the combination of AdEgr-p53 and cisplatin were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The antitumor responses in nude mice with the A549 or H358 xenografts following treatment with AdEgr-p53 and cisplatin were observed. We found that p53 was produced in tumor cells and xenografts treated with a combination of AdEgr-p53 and cisplatin. Furthermore, the Egr-1 promoter is induced by cisplatin, and this induction is mediated in part through the CArG elements. There was an enhanced antitumor response without an increase in toxicity following treatment with AdEgr-p53 and cisplatin, compared with either agent alone. Cisplatin-inducible p53 gene therapy may provide a means to control transgene expression while enhancing the effectiveness of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. This is a novel treatment for human NSCLC.
Redistribution of Enamel Fluoride during White Spot Lesion Formation: an in vitro Study on Human Dental Enamel (1981)

In vitro fluoride by depth profiles were obtained from sound enamel windows and from adjacent enamel windows after caries-like enamel lesion formation. The caries-like lesions were created using the acidified gelatin gel system. Thus, the redistribution of the indigenous enamel fluoride was assessed without exogenous F contamination. During lesion formation the high surface level of fluoride seen in sound enamel was depleted and there was an increase in the fluoride concentration in the body of the lesion. An exogenous source of fluoride deposited more fluoride into the surface zone of the lesion relative to sound enamel.
The Self Oxidation Reduction of <i>N</i>‐Arylhydroxylamines (1987)

Abstract The reactions of N ‐phenylhydroxylamine in the presence of dry hydrogen chloride to form azoxybenzene, aniline, 2‐chloroaniline and 4‐chloroaniline were studied. The molar ratio of the azoxybenzene and aniline obtained was very close to one. A similar reaction was also observed for 2‐methyl‐ and 4‐methyl‐ N ‐phenylhydroxylamine. A reasonable explanation is that N ‐phenylhydroxylamine undergoes a self oxidation reduction reaction to give aniline and nitrosobenzene, and the latter subsequently reacts with N ‐phenylhydroxylamine to give azoxybenzene. The reaction of N ‐phenylhydroxylamine, catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid to yield azoxybenzene, was previously studied by Okamoto et al . and was suspected to undergo a similar reaction. We repeated the reaction and evidence for the same self oxidation reduction reaction was found. A mechanism involving the anilenium ion is proposed to account for this reaction.
Satisfiability-based test generation for nonseparable RTL controller-datapath circuits (2006)

In this paper, we present a satisfiability (SAT)-based algorithm for automatically generating test sequences that target gate-level stuck-at faults in a circuit by using its register-transfer level (RTL) description. Our methodology uses a unified RTL circuit representation, called assignment-decision diagrams (ADDs), for test analysis. Test generation proceeds by abstracting the components in this unified representation using input/output propagation rules, so that any justification/propagation event can be captured as a Boolean implication. Consequently, we reduce RTL test generation to an SAT instance that has a significantly lower complexity than the equivalent problem at the gate level. Our algorithm is tailored to overcome the disadvantages of several existing RTL precomputed test-set-based approaches, such as the need for an explicit controller/datapath separation, the use of all test vectors or none from the precomputed test set for any given module, a dependence on symbolic justification (observability) paths from (to) circuit inputs (outputs) for a module, and a lack of applicability to mixed gate-level/RTL designs. Using the state-of-the-art SAT solver Zchaff, we show that our RTL test generator can outperform gate-level sequential automatic test-pattern generation (ATPG), in terms of both fault coverage and test-generation time (two-to-three orders of magnitude speedup), in comparable test-application times. Furthermore, we show that in a bilevel testing scenario, in which RTL ATPG is followed by gate-level sequential ATPG on the remaining faults, we improve the fault coverage even further, while maintaining a high speedup in test-generation time (nearly 32/spl times/) over pure gate-level sequential ATPG, at comparable test-application times.
Association of PIT1 polymorphisms with growth and carcass traits in pigs2 (1995)

PIT1, a member of the POU-domain family of genes, is a positive regulatory factor of growth hormone, prolactin, and thyrotroph-stimulating hormone beta in several mammals. Therefore, PIT1 was chosen as a candidate gene to investigate its association with growth and carcass traits in pigs. The five Iowa State University reference/resource three-generation families consisting of crosses of Meishan x Duroc, Meishan x Hampshire, Meishan x Landrace, Minzhu x Hampshire, and Minzhu x Landrace were used. The three PIT1 polymorphisms were based on two RFLP using a PIT1 POU-domain cDNA probe and the restriction enzymes BamHI and MspI and a PCR/RFLP using RsaI. Birth, 21-d, and 42-d weights, average daily gain, several backfat measurements, longissimus muscle area, muscle color, marbling, and firmness scores were evaluated for their association with the three PIT1 polymorphisms. Mixed-animal-model analyses were used with the informative family data in which the PIT1 polymorphisms were segregating. Results from mixed-model analyses revealed that pigs with the MspI CC genotype (P < .01) were associated with heavier birth weight (.12 kg) than DD genotype pigs. The MspI CC genotype pigs were also significantly associated with greater average backfat (.41 cm, P < .01), greater first-rib backfat (.45 cm, P < .01), greater last-rib backfat (.32 cm, P < .07), and greater last lumbar backfat (.46 cm, P < .10) than the DD genotype pigs. The CC genotype represents primarily Chinese alleles and may be useful for future genetic improvement in synthetic lines involving Chinese and American pigs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Shoelace Technique for Gradual Closure of Fasciotomy Wounds (2005)

Gradual skin closure using the shoelace technique avoids the use of free skin grafts to close the dermotomy-fasciotomy wounds, reducing the need for anesthesia, nursing care, and hospital stays of patients, resulting in lower healthcare costs.
<sup>13</sup>C editing of glutamate in human brain using <i>J</i>‐refocused coherence transfer spectroscopy at 4.1 T (1997)

The method of single quantum 13C editing is analyzed and implemented with water suppressed J-refocused coherence transfer spectroscopy. Analysis of the 13C inversion pulse demonstrates that it is optimally placed into the second echo of the J-refocused sequence. We have used this method to acquire 13C-edited spectra of glutamate from phantoms and in vivo. The turnover of 13C4-labeled glutamate in human brain in vivo was observed in parasagittal gray matter using a volume head coil at 4.1 T with a time resolution of 5.3 min.
Thermal spray coatings for protection of polymeric composite aircraft components (1994)

Thermal spray coatings have increasing application in the protection of aircraft engine and structures. Coatings for wear or erosion resistance, thermal protection, or environmental degradation have all been applied, thus providing the potential to extend the use of polymeric composites to replace metals in many new components. This paper reviews the applicable thermal spray technologies, presents several methods, and provides data on the performance of such coatings. Thermal spray coatings on several glass, Kevlar{reg_sign}, and carbon fiber reinforced polymeric components will be highlighted. The paper presents the case for thermal spray coatings use in demanding aircraft or other aerospace applications.
NiSi contact formation - process integration advantages with partial Ni conversion (2005)

Investigations for next generation contacts of silicon and SiGe devices show that a 2-step nickel salicidation process is favorable over a single step NiSi and over CoSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in every respect and can be introduced easily in existing and advanced not fully depleted CMOS flows once the post silicidation thermal treatments can be kept below 700degC. Partial conversion for the deposited Ni layer to Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sub> Si in a first RTP1 step at temperatures as low as 250degC avoids the reverse linewidth effect and enables superior uniformities over complete conversion. A second RTP2 step at typically 450degC is used to form low resistivity NiSi with less silicon consumption and lower contact resistivities than today's CoSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> contacts. Challenging integration issue are peripheral leakage currents, that are likely to be related to undesired low temperature pyramidal NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sub> formation and spiking
Final Inspection of Lactated Ringer's Resuscitation Fluid, Intravenous Sodium Chloride Solution, and Sodium Chloride-Glucose Solution Used in the Deglycerolization of Human Red Cells Frozen With 40% W/V Glycerol, Produced by the Sterimatics EDM Reflups System and Stored for 8 Months to 2.3 Years. (1994)

Abstract : The Naval Blood Research Laboratory, Boston, MA, inspected solutions produced by the EDM REFLUPS system contained in overwrapped plastic bags and stored in a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment for 8 months to 2.3 years. The presence of mold, breakage and leaks was evaluated, and fluid volumes were measured. Lactated Ringer's solution, sodium chloride solution, and red cell wash solution were manufactured at four locations: Naval Ocean Systems Command, San Diego, CA, aboard the USS WASP, U.S. Army Test Site, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, and the Naval Blood Research Laboratory, Boston, MA. Of the 7068 bags inspected, 346, or 4.9% had mold present, and in 55 of these bags, the mold was located at the ports. It was noted that the ports were loose on several of the bags. The incidence of mold was found to be related to the site of production and, therefore, to the conditions under which the solutions were produced. Moisture was present beneath the overwrap in 0.6% of the bags, and identified as a leak in slightly less than half of these bags. The fluid volumes in the bags without overwraps averaged 10 ml lower than the bags with overwraps, indicating leakage into the space between the bag and overwrap. Our findings indicate that the potential for contamination during application of the overwrap is a problem that must be resolved at the production site and the integrity of the bag ports must be ensured.
Innovative, Small, High-Speed Centrifugal Compressor Technologies (1996)

United Technologies Research Center and Carrier Corporation have investigated the potential for direct drive high-speed centrifugal compressors to compete with current positive displacement compressors at minimal capacities.In this paper, some of the critical design issues will be discussed, along with concept demonstrations, and performance comparisons.The conclusion is that a production 25 ton centrifugal compressor with a high efficiency permanent magnet motor, combined with low windage and bearing losses, would achieve an ASRE-T EER nearly 25 percent higher than current compressors.
Global changes in a humidity index between 1931-60 and 1961-90 (1992)

As part of the 1992 global reassessment of the status of desertification, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) required a new baseline climatology to be prepared to define the world's drylands within which, according to their adopted definition, desertiflcation may occur. The desertification assessment presented at the 1977 UN Conference on Desertification in Nairobi used the ratio of annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (P/PE) as a simple and appropriate index of humidity to define the drylands of the world. Using global data sets of temperature and precipitation held by the Climatic Research Unit, an annual humidity index (HI) was calculated on a 5' resolution for 2 independent 30 yr periods, 1931-60 and 1961-90. PE was calculated from surface air temperature using the Thornthwaite method. There is a systematic bias in Thornthwaite PE estimates which tends to increase HI in arid regions and seasons, and decrease HI in cold climates. This bias has implications for the determination of dryland boundaries. Using selected regional data sets of Penman PE estimates for Europe and Sudan, an empirical adjustment to annual Thornthwaite PE was therefore derived and applied to the global PE fields. The adjusted HI values for the 2 observed 30 yr periods were compared. An assessment was made of the sensitivity of dryland boundaries in Africa to recent climatic change. Between 1931-60 and 1961-90, 7.3 % of the continent has shifted into a drier moisture zone and only 1.7 % into a wetter zone. The net areas of hyper-arid and arid lands in Africa have increased from 1931-60 to 1961-90 by 50 and 3 million hectares respectively.
Functions of Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Mice (2000)

Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) play a central role in mediating the actions of thyroid hormone in development and homeostasis in vertebrate species. The TRs are nuclear receptors that act as ligand-regulated transcription factors. There are two TR genes (TRalpha and TRbeta), each capable of generating different variant products, suggesting a potentially complex array of TR pathways. Targeted mutagenesis in the mouse has indicated that there are specific individual functions for the TR genes in vivo. The deletion of combinations of TRalpha and TRbeta variants has revealed that additional functions are convergently regulated by both TR genes and indicates that control of an extended range of functions is facilitated by a network of specific and common TR pathways. The TR-deficient mouse models have allowed investigation of the TR pathways underlying many functions of thyroid hormone and provide a unique perspective on receptor-mediated mechanisms of biological control.
Triplet repeat expansion in neuromuscular disease (2000)

Expansions of unstable trinucleotide repeats cause at least 15 inherited neurologic diseases. Here we review what has been learned of three neuromuscular diseases caused by this type of mutation. X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is a motor neuronopathy caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the androgen receptor gene. The mutated protein has an expanded polyglutamine tract, forms intranuclear aggregates, and mediates neurodegeneration through a toxic gain-of-function mechanism. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is a dominantly inherited myopathy caused by a GCG/polyalanine expansion in the gene encoding poly(A)-binding protein 2. Myotonic dystrophy is a clinically variable multisystem disease caused by a CTG expansion in the 3' untranslated region of the myotonin gene. For each of these disorders, we summarize the clinical and pathologic features and review current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis.
Transmission of Post-Filter Hints for Video Coding Schemes (2007)

In the field of video coding, it is common to apply post-filtering in order to enhance the quality of a decoded video signal. An optimal post-filter can be designed by minimizing the error between the original signal and the decoded filtered signal. This approach requires information about the statistics of the decoded image and the original signal, which is available on encoder-side only. In order to provide this necessary information to a post-filter on the decoder-side, this paper presents a technique to transmit so-called post-filter hints in the bit-stream of a video coding scheme. In H.264/AVC, mean picture quality improvements of 0.4 dB are achieved with this technique compared to H.264/AVC without post-filtering. This corresponds to a mean bit-rate reduction of 8.5% at same picture quality. The mean improvements are calculated as an average over all sequences and bit-rates that are specified in the common test conditions of JVT for professional applications as well as over additional HD sequences.