gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of the protein encoded by the UL32 open reading frame of herpes simplex virus 1 (1996)

The functions previously assigned to the essential herpes simplex virus 1 UL32 protein were in cleavage and/or packaging of viral DNA and in maturation and/or translocation of viral glycoproteins to the plasma membrane. The amino acid sequence predicts N-linked glycosylation sites and sequences conserved in aspartyl proteases and in zinc-binding proteins. We report the following. (i) The 596-amino-acid UL32 protein accumulated predominantly in the cytoplasm of infected cells but was not metabolically labeled with glucosamine and did not band with membranes containing a known glycoprotein in flotation sucrose density gradients. The UL32 protein does not, therefore, have the properties of an intrinsic membrane protein. (ii) Experiments designed to demonstrate aspartyl protease activity in a phage display system failed to reveal proteolytic activity. Moreover, substitution of Asp-110 with Gly in the sequence Asp-Thr-Gly, the hallmark of aspartyl proteases, had no effect on viral replication in Vero and SK-N-SH cell lines or in human foreskin fibroblasts. Therefore, if the UL32 protein functions as a protease, this function is not required in cells in culture. (iii) Both the native UL32 protein and a histidine-tagged UL32 protein made in recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells bound zinc. The consensus sequence is conserved in the UL32 homologs from varicella-zoster virus and equine herpesvirus 1. UL32 protein is therefore a cysteine-rich, zinc-binding essential cytoplasmic protein whose function is not yet clear.
Atrial natriuretic peptide attenuates the development of pulmonary hypertension in rats adapted to chronic hypoxia. (1990)

To test the hypothesis that chronic infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) instituted before hypoxic exposure attenuates the development of pulmonary hypertension in hypoxia adapted rats, ANP (0.2 and 1.0 microgram/h) or vehicle was administered intravenously via osmotic minipump for 4 wk beginning before exposure to 10% O2 or to room air. Low dose ANP increased plasma ANP levels by only 60% of vehicle controls after 4 wk and significantly decreased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) (P less than 0.01), the ratio of right ventricular weight to body weight (RV/BW) (P less than 0.01), and the wall thickness of small (50-100 microns) pulmonary arteries (P = 0.01) in hypoxia-adapted rats. ANP did not alter any of these parameters in air-control rats. High dose ANP increased plasma ANP levels by 230% of control and produced greater reductions in MPAP (P less than 0.001) and RV/BW) (P less than 0.05), but not in pulmonary arterial wall thickness, than the low dose. Neither dose of ANP altered mean systemic arterial pressure in either hypoxic or normoxic rats. The data demonstrate that chronic infusion of exogenous ANP at a dose that does not affect MPAP or RV weight in air-control rats attenuates the development of pulmonary hypertension and RV enlargement in rats adapted to chronic hypoxia.
A computational image sensor with pixel-based integration time control (2002)

We have been investigating a computational sensor which controls the integration time of every pixel independently. Because the integration time is controlled, higher temporal resolution and wider dynamic range can be achieved. We present a new adaptive integration time image sensor which has 128/spl times/64 pixels. We adopt a column parallel architecture to design the prototype chip. The scheme to control integration time is extended, and pixel pitch, processing speed and power consumption are much improved in comparison with our previous prototype. We show some experimental results obtained with the prototype.
A base-metal conductor system for silicon solar cells (1980)

Solder, copper, and silver are evaluated as conductor layer metals for silicon solar cell metallization on the basis of metal price stability and reliability under operating conditions. Due to its properties and cost, copper becomes an attractive candidate for the conductor layer. It is shown that nickel operates as an excellent diffusion barrier between copper and silicon while simultaneously serving as an electrical contact and mechanical contact to silicon. The nickel-copper system may be applied to the silicon by plating techniques utilizing a variety of plating bath compositions. Solar cells having excellent current-voltage characteristics are fabricated to demonstrate the nickel-copper metallization system.
Activation of Protein Kinase C in Glomerular Cells in Diabetes: Mechanisms and Potential Links to the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Glomerulopathy (1994)

Protein kinase C (PKC) is activated in rat renal glomerulus within a week of induction of experimental diabetes. Studies in isolated glomeruli and in cultured endothelial and mesangial cells have demonstrated that high ambient concentrations of glucose activate PKC and thus implicate hyperglycemia per se as a mediator of PKC activation in glomerular cells in diabetes. High glucose concentrations activate PKC by increasing cellular levels of diacylglycerol (DAG), the major endogenous modulator of this signalling system. In contrast to physiological extracellular stimuli of PKC that increase cellular DAG levels by receptor-mediated enhancement of membrane inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, in glomerular cells high concentrations of glucose increase DAG by de novo synthesis from glycolytic intermediates. Activation of PKC by glucose or other agonists increases the permeability of endothelial cells to albumin and stimulates matrix protein synthesis in mesangial cells; it thereby may be involved in the pathogenesis of both the functional and structural alterations of the glomerulus in diabetes. Recent studies in isolated glomeruli from diabetic rats have also implicated activation of PKC in suppression of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated increases in glomerular cGMP generation in response to cholinergic stimuli. In mesangial cells, cGMP suppresses PKC-mediated increases in matrix protein synthesis. Thus, impaired NO-mediated cGMP generation in glomeruli of diabetic individuals may amplify matrix protein synthesis in response to hyperglycemia and other stimuli of PKC. These and other observations suggest that activation of the PKC system by hyperglycemia may represent an important pathway by which glucotoxicity is transduced in susceptible cells in diabetes.
Swirl Coaxial Injector Development (2003)

Abstract : Sierra Engineering and the Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate, have undertaken a program to develop gas-centered, swirl coaxial injectors. This injector design will be used in the multi-element Advanced Fuels Tester (AFT) engine to test a variety of hydrocarbon propellants. As part of this program, a design methodology is being developed which will be applicable to future injector design efforts. The methodology combines cold flow data, acquired in the AFRL High Pressure Injector Flow facility, uni-element hot fire data, collected in AFRL Test Cell EC-1, and a computational effort conducted at University of Alabama-Birmingham, to identify key design features and sensitivities. Only results from the experimental effort will be presented in this work. Three different gas-centered swirl coaxial element concepts are being studied: a converging design, a diverging design, and a pre-filming design. The cold flow experiments demonstrated that all three classes of elements produced an extremely dense, solid cone spray, with the highest mass density in the center. The atomization of all of these injectors was excellent, producing mean drop sizes 1/3 to 1/4 of that typically measured for shear coaxial elements operating under similar conditions. Uni-element hot fire testing has found that the converging designs produce C* efficiencies in excess of 90% over a wide-range of mixture ratios and pressure conditions. Near the design pressure, efficiencies exceeding 96% have been measured. In the diverging designs, a chamber oscillation of near 200 Hz has been noted. The cause of this oscillation is under investigation.
Bonding Mechanisms in Silicon Nitride Brazing (1990)

We investigated the wetting behavior and reactions of different metals on Si 3 N 4 using sessile drop measurements, analysis of reaction layers, and measurements of strengths of joined bars. Active metals, such as Al and Ti, and alloys that contain them react with Si 3 N 4 and cause wetting and spreading at the interface. Al‐Si 3 N 4 reaction at 900°C produced a thin layer of Al 2 O 3 at the interface. Reaction between Si 3 N 4 and Ag‐Cu‐To braze alloys at 900°C resulted in a complex microstructure in the reaction zone that contained TiN and titanium silicides. Breaking strengths of Si 3 N 4 bars joined with the Ag‐Cu‐Ti braze alloys were higher than those for Si 3 N 4 joined with Al, primarily because of the better wetting by the Ag‐Cu‐Ti alloys. Nonreactive metals and alloys such as Sn, In, Ag‐Cu, and Ag‐Cu‐Sn neither wet, spread, nor adhere to Si 3 N 4 substrates.
Patient- and system-related barriers for the earlier diagnosis of colorectal cancer (2009)

Missed opportunities for earlier CRC diagnosis were frequent. Additional studies of clinical data management, focusing on following up abnormal findings, and offering/completing CRC screening, are needed.
On the Nature of the ‘Heterogeneous' Catalyst:  Nickel-on-Charcoal (2002)

Results from aromatic aminations and Kumada couplings, together with spectroscopic analyses (TEM, EDX, ICP-AES, React-IR), reveal that catalysis using nickel-on-charcoal (Ni/C) is most likely of a homogeneous rather than heterogeneous nature. In the course of a reaction with Ni/C, nickel bleed from the support was calculated to be as high as 78%. However, the existence of an equilibrium for this homogeneous species between nickel located inside vs outside the pore system of charcoal strongly favors the former, thus leaving only traces of metal detectable in solution. This accounts for virtually complete recovery of nickel on the charcoal following filtration of a reaction mixture and allows for recycling of the catalyst. TEM and EDX data were used to explain different reactivity profiles of Ni/C, which depended upon the method of reduction used to convert Ni(II)/C to Ni(0) as well as the level of nickel loading on the support.
Identification and Inheritance of Metribuzin Tolerance in Wild Soybean (1992)

An economically important agronomic trait that has not been evaluated extensively in the wild soybean ( Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) is tolerance to herbicides. Identification and genetic characterization of tolerance to a widely used herbicide, metribuzin [4‐amino‐6‐(l,l‐dimethylethyl)‐3‐(methylthio)‐l,2,4‐triazin‐5(4 H )‐one], in G. soja may help provide greater diversity in the gene pool for this trait. This study was conducted to identify tolerance to metribuzin in the wild soybean and to determine the genetic control of the trait. Crosses were made between metribuzin‐tolerant G. soja selections and metribuzin‐sensitive selections of G. max (L.) Merr. The F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 populations from these crosses were grown hydroponically, and evaluated for reaction to a concentration of 125 µg L −1 metribuzin. The F 1 plants were tolerant, the F 2 population segregated in a 3 tolerant : 1 sensitive ratio, and the F 3 population segregated in 1 tolerant : 2 segregating : 1 sensitive ratio, suggesting a single dominant gene controlling tolerance. The F 2 populations from crosses between metribuzin‐tolerant G. soja accessions and the metribuzin‐tolerant cultivar Tracy‐M were all tolerant. This indicates that tolerance to metribuzin in these two wild soybeam accessions is controlled by alleles at the same locus as the Hm gene in Tracy‐M. Therefore, the metribuzin tolerance in the wild soybean is probably the same as that found in most of the cultivated soybean accessions and in most commercial cultivars. The significance of identifying tolerance to a currently used herbicide in the wild soybean is the suggestion that other useful traits needed in modern agriculture may be found in this primitive gene pool.
The Mitochondrial Toxin Produced by <i>Streptomyces griseus</i> Strains Isolated from an Indoor Environment Is Valinomycin (1998)

Actinomycete isolates from indoor air and dust in water-damaged schools and children's day care centers were tested for toxicity by using boar spermatozoa as an indicator. Toxicity was detected in extracts of four strains which caused a loss of sperm motility, and the 50% effective concentrations (EC50) were 10 to 63 ng (dry weight) ml of extended boar semen-1. The four strains were identified as Streptomyces griseus strains by 16S ribosomal DNA and chemotaxonomic methods. The four S. griseus strains had similar effects on sperm cells, including loss of motility and swelling of mitochondria, but we observed no loss of plasma membrane integrity or depletion of cellular ATP. None of the effects was observed with sperm cells exposed to extracts of other indoor actinomycete isolates at concentrations of >/=5,000 to 72,000 ng ml-1. The toxin was purified from all four strains and was identified as a dodecadepsipeptide, and the fragmentation pattern obtained by tandem mass spectrometry was identical to that of valinomycin. Commercial valinomycin had effects in sperm cells that were identical to the effects of the four indoor isolates of S. griseus. The EC50 of purified toxin from the S. griseus strains were 1 to 3 ng ml of extended boar semen-1, and the EC50 of commercial valinomycin was 2 ng ml of extended boar semen-1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of ionophoric toxin producers in an indoor environment and the first report of valinomycin-producing strains identified as S. griseus.
Profiles and perspectives in patients with advanced carcinoma of the cervix in Eastern and Piedmont North Carolina. (1979)

President Roosevelt eats and then speaks to a crowd who have gathered to hear him. From another camera position, the crowd bids him farewell as he and his party enter a horse-drawn carriage and leave the vicinity.
An Analysis of Seed Development in Pisum sativum II. The Effect of the r-Locus on the Growth and Development of the Seed* (1986)

The r-locus is one of the few genetic loci known to affect the storage product composition and the morphology of pea (Pisum sativum) seeds. Lines which are near-isogenic except for the r-locus have been developed to study the effects of this locus on seed development. The plant phenotypes of these lines were very similar except for those characteristics previously attributed to the r-locus. The seed development of the two lines followed similar patterns until the endosperm was absorbed by the embryo. The fresh weight of the rr line then increased more rapidly due to the overall effect of a higher rate of water uptake and a lower rate of dry weight increase of the rr embryos compared with embryos homozygous for the R-allele. The effect of the r-locus on the relationship between embryo fresh weight and dry weight suggests that the alleles may be affecting the osmotic regulation of the developing embryo.
The KSR2-calcineurin complex regulates STIM1-ORAI1 dynamics and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) (2014)

Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is the predominant Ca(2+) entry mechanism in nonexcitable cells and controls a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Although significant progress has been made in identifying the components required for SOCE, the molecular mechanisms underlying it are elusive. The present study provides evidence for a direct involvement of kinase suppressor of Ras 2 (KSR2) in SOCE. Using lymphocytes and fibroblasts from ksr2(-/-) mice and shKSR2-depleted cells, we find that KSR2 is critical for the elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. Specifically, our results show that although it is dispensable for Ca(2+)-store depletion, KSR2 is required for optimal calcium entry. We observe that KSR2 deficiency affects stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)/ORAI1 puncta formation, which is correlated with cytoskeleton disorganization. Of interest, we find that KSR2-associated calcineurin is crucial for SOCE. Blocking calcineurin activity impairs STIM1/ORAI1 puncta-like formation and cytoskeleton organization. In addition, we observe that calcineurin activity and its role in SOCE are both KSR2 dependent.
The Geometric Universe (2003)

Four thousand years ago the Babylonian sky-watchers charted the heavens, divided the sky into constellations of the zodiac, compiled star catalogs, recorded the movements of planets, prepared calendars, and predicted eclipses. Although skilled in the arts of computation, the Babylonians did not theorize on the laws of celestial motion for they were not scientists but priests paying homage to the sky gods of the mythic universe.
Recent Developments in Electrochemical Devices Using Ionic Liquid Electrolytes (2013)

Ionic liquids are designable and fine-tunable in terms of their properites, which allows them to be task-specific. This paper focuses on electrochemical devices using ionic liquid electrolytes, which exhibit wide liquid temperature ranges, negligible vapor pressure and high ionic conductivity. Here, we review the relationship between physicochemical and structural properties of ionic liquids. Based on the unique physicochemical properties, we also introduce the novel electrochemical devices such as polymer actuators, lithium secondary batteries and nonhumidified intermediate temperature fuel cells.
Reliability of Composite Materials under General Plane Loadings (1993)

The reliability method of design is one in which we learn or determine the statistical distributions of stresses and strengths, and then relate these two in order to achieve an acceptable success rate. In this article, a methodology is introduced to study the reliability of composite materials in an attempt to improve consistency in the treatment of uncertainty of both loadings and material properties. Micro-mechanical analysis is utilized to represent the effects of statistical distributions of micro-parameters on global failure. The analysis is combined with the Tsai-Hill failure criterion and models of structural reliability to study the reliability optimization and the influence of micro-level material pa rameters on reliability of composites.
Apolipoprotein B-100 and ApoA-II Kinetics as Determinants of Cellular Cholesterol Efflux (2012)

The plasma concentration and kinetics of apoB-100-containing lipoproteins are significant predictors of the capacity of whole plasma to effect cellular cholesterol efflux.
Advances in Windows NT storage management (1998)

Windows NT 5.0 introduces fundamental changes to storage management. The new infrastructure in NT 5.0 can adapt to future changes in storage devices and media, brings a more powerful set of management mechanisms, and supports more base services within the system. Most of the changes are transparent to legacy applications and to users, but software producers who want to deploy advanced functionality should realize increased benefits from the underlying infrastructure. Windows NT now supports the dynamic plug-and-play of storage devices and the growth and mounting of storage volumes. It also frees the NT system from drive letter limitations and incorporates several new file system features to aid the development of enterprise-class storage management solutions. The article describes two new mechanisms present in Windows NT 5.0, the reliable change journal and the reparse points. It also presents storage management infrastructure subsystems and services that help administer storage. Both mechanisms are designed to facilitate the robust and efficient administration of an increasing volume of data whose lifetime grows over time.
Internal Jugular Vein Compression: A Novel Approach to Mitigate Blast Induced Hearing Injury (2017)

This study supports the use of IJV compression in a pre-clinical model as a new prophylactic mechanism to combat blast induced hearing injury.
Iridoid and Bisiridoid Glycosides from Globularia cordifolia (2003)

From the methanolic extract of the underground parts of Globularia cordifolia, a new iridoid glycoside, 5-hydroxydavisioside (1) and a new bisiridoid glycoside, globuloside C (2) were isolated along with six known iridoid glycosides, aucubin, melampyroside, monomelittoside, globularifolin, alpinoside and asperuloside. The structures of the isolates were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy in combination with IR, UV and MS analyses.
Audit of babiven maintenance total parenteral nutrition (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To determine the appropriateness of Babiven Maintenance TPN in premature babies, to ensure they gain weight at an appropriate rate and maintain their electrolytes, glucose and albumin in appropriate ranges. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were identified using the pharmacy computer programme. Twenty consecutive patients were chosen retrospectively, to prevent bias in the prescribing for babies who were on the neonatal unit at City Hospital. Data such as gestational age, weights, indication for TPN and need for insulin were collected from the neonatal electronic system ‘Badger’. Information was collated using a proforma and data was entered into an Excel spreadsheet for analysis. Calcium was corrected to account for albumin. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty babies were included in the audit, 10 male and 10 female. The average gestation was 28 weeks and 6 days (25+4–33+0). The average birth weight was 1207 g (555–1970 g). Fourteen babies (70%) gained weight in the range of 10–20 g/kg/day. Five babies did not gain weight and one baby gained more than 20 g/kg/day. The average weight gain for all babies was 11.4 g/kg/day. The average weight gain for the babies that did gain weight was 15.2 g/kg/day. The average duration on Babiven maintenance was 10 days (2–18). One baby required insulin for hyperglycaemia during the first 2 days of receiving Babiven maintenance TPN. One baby was transferred to another hospital, fifteen stopped when they were having enough enteral feed and four required bespoke TPN bags when Babiven maintenance was no longer appropriate. Reasons for changing from Babiven maintenance were; low potassium and the need for a concentrated bag; low albumin and phosphate; low sodium and phosphate; the need for a concentrated bag for a baby with fluid restriction. No babies had raised potassium, phosphate or albumin levels. <h3>Conclusion</h3> None of the audit standards were met; however Babiven maintenance seems adequate in some patients. The electrolyte data suggests that there is scope to increase the content of potassium, phosphate and amino acids in the Babiven maintenance bags; however a larger data set would be required to validate this result.
Appearance-Based Vision and the Automatic Generation of Object Recognition Programs (1992)

The generation of recognition programs by hand is a time-consuming, labor-intensive task that typically results in a special purpose program for the recogmtion of a single object or a small set of objects. Recent work in automatic code generation has demonstrated the feasibility of automatically generating object recognition programs from CAD-based descxiptions of objects. Many of the programs which perform automatic code generation employ a common paradigm of utilizing explicit object and sensor models to predict object appearances; we refer to the paradigm as appearance-based vision, and refer to the programs as vision algorithm compilers WACS). In this paper, we discuss the paradigm of appearance-based vision and present in detail two specific VACs: one that computes feature values analytically, and a second that utilizes an appearance simulator to synthesize sample images. L