gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of an Endo-β-1,3-glucanase of the Hyperthermophilic ArchaeonPyrococcus furiosus (1997)

We report here the first molecular characterization of an endo-beta-1,3-glucanase from an archaeon. Pyrococcus furiosus is a hyperthermophilic archaeon that is capable of saccharolytic growth. The isolated lamA gene encodes an extracellular enzyme that shares homology with both endo-beta-1,3- and endo-beta-1,3-1,4-glucanases of the glycosyl hydrolase family 16. After deletion of the N-terminal leader sequence, a lamA fragment encoding an active endo-beta-1,3-glucanase was overexpressed in Escherichia coli using the T7-expression system. The purified P. furiosus endoglucanase has highest hydrolytic activity on the beta-1,3-glucose polymer laminarin and has some hydrolytic activity on the beta-1,3-1,4 glucose polymers lichenan and barley beta-glucan. The enzyme is the most thermostable endo-beta-1,3-glucanase described up to now; it has optimal activity at 100-105 degrees C. In the predicted active site of glycosyl hydrolases of family 16 that show predominantly endo-beta-1,3-glucanase activity, an additional methionine residue is present. Deletion of this methionine did not change the substrate specificity of the endoglucanase, but it did cause a severe reduction in its catalytic activity, suggesting a structural role of this residue in constituting the active site. High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed in vitro hydrolysis of laminarin by the endo-beta-1,3-glucanase proceeds more efficiently in combination with an exo-beta-glycosidase from P. furiosus (CelB). This most probably reflects the physiological role of these enzymes: cooperation during growth of P. furiosus on beta-glucans.
Ontogeny of seizure incidence, latency, and severity in genetically epilepsy prone rats (1987)

The Genetically Epilepsy-Prone Rat (GEPR) is a widely studied model of epileptiform disorders. While there is considerable evidence that neurotransmitter abnormalities contribute to the unusual sensitivity of these animals to seizures, the possibility that seizure susceptibility may reflect developmental changes in the central nervous system has not been fully addressed. In the present study, 91 GEPR-9 pups were tested for incidence, latency and severity of an audiogenically induced seizure at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 28, 29, or 30 days postpartum (1 test per pup) and retested at 60 days. Seizure incidence, latency, and severity were significantly greater on Days 27, 28, 29, and 30 than on all previous days. The first observation of running fits occurred in Day 18 pups and the first evidence of seizures occurred in Day 21 pups. When retested at Day 60, seizure incidence and severity were significantly greater than on initial tests while latency declined. The results suggest that seizure susceptibility in the GEPR-9 occurs as the result of developmental events in the CNS occurring on or shortly after Day 18 postpartum.
Transport of potassium, amino acids, and glucose in cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. (1984)

Transport rates of a number of nutrients and ions have been surveyed in chicken embryo fibroblasts that were density inhibited, growing exponentially, or transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. All the transport systems examined displayed changes associated with changes in growth rate. The rate of ouabain-sensitive potassium transport declined in density-inhibited cells, and increased rapidly in response to serum stimulation. This transport system was regulated both by changes in the activity of the transporters and by the number of transporters in the cell membrane. The rate of transport of the amino acid analog alpha-aminoisobutyric acid declined when cells became density inhibited, but also showed alterations in regulation that were associated with malignant transformation. The rate of glucose transport displayed both growth state-related and transformation-specific changes. The increased rate of glucose transport seen in transformed cells is due to an increase in the number of glucose transporters in the cell membrane. Increased glucose transport is necessary for subsequent changes in glycolysis, and temporally precedes some of the changes in activity of glycolytic enzymes.
Efficient Detector Adaptation for Object Detection in a Video (2013)

In this work, we present a novel and efficient detector adaptation method which improves the performance of an offline trained classifier (baseline classifier) by adapting it to new test datasets. We address two critical aspects of adaptation methods: generalizability and computational efficiency. We propose an adaptation method, which can be applied to various baseline classifiers and is computationally efficient also. For a given test video, we collect online samples in an unsupervised manner and train a random fern adaptive classifier. The adaptive classifier improves precision of the baseline classifier by validating the obtained detection responses from baseline classifier as correct detections or false alarms. Experiments demonstrate generalizability, computational efficiency and effectiveness of our method, as we compare our method with state of the art approaches for the problem of human detection and show good performance with high computational efficiency on two different baseline classifiers.
Robust computation of aggregates in wireless sensor networks: distributed randomized algorithms and analysis (2005)

A wireless sensor network consists of a large number of small, resource-constrained devices and usually operates in hostile environments that are prone to link and node failures. Computing aggregates such as average, minimum, maximum and sum is fundamental to various primitive functions of a sensor network like system monitoring, data querying, and collaborative information processing. In this paper we present and analyze a suite of randomized distributed algorithms to efficiently and robustly compute aggregates. Our distributed random grouping (DRG) algorithm is simple and natural and uses probabilistic grouping to progressively converge to the aggregate value. DRG is local and randomized and is naturally robust against dynamic topology changes from link/node failures. Although our algorithm is natural and simple, it is nontrivial to show that it converges to the correct aggregate value and to bound the time needed for convergence. Our analysis uses the eigen-structure of the underlying graph in a novel way to show convergence and to bound the running time of our algorithms. We also present simulation results of our algorithm and compare its performance to various other known distributed algorithms. Simulations show that DRG needs much less transmissions than other distributed localized schemes, namely gossip and broadcast flooding.
Cellular and Subcellular Mechanisms of Cardiac Pacemaker Oscillations (1979)

Rhythmic oscillations in the membrane potential of heart cells are important in normal cardiac pacemaker activity as well as cardiac arrhythmias. Two fundamentally different mechanisms of oscillatory activity can be distinguished at the cellular and subcellular level. The first mechanism, referred to as a surface membrane oscillator, can be represented by a control loop in which membrane potential changes evoke delayed conductance changes and vice versa. Since the surface membrane potential is a key variable within the control loop, the oscillation can be interrupted at any time by holding the membrane potential constant with a voltage clamp. This mode of oscillation seems to describe spontaneous pacemaker activity in the primary cardiac pacemaker (sinoatrial node) as well as other regions (Purkinje fibre, atrial or ventricular muscle). In all tissues studied so far, the pacemaker depolarization is dominated by the slow shutting-off of an outward current, largely carried by potassium ions. The second mechanism can be called an internal oscillator since it depends upon a subcellular rhythm generator which is largely independent from the surface membrane. Under voltage clamp, the existence of the internal oscillation is revealed by the presence of oscillations in membrane conductance or contractile force which occur even though the membrane potential is held fixed. The two oscillatory mechanisms are not mutually exclusive; the subcellular mechanism can be preferentially enhanced in any given cardiac cell by conditions which elevate intracellular calcium. Such conditions include digitalis intoxication, high Cao, low Nao, low or high Ko, cooling, or rapid stimulation. Several lines of evidence suggest that the subcellular mechanism involves oscillatory variations in myoplasmic calcium, probably due to cycles of Ca uptake and release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The detailed nature of the Cai oscillator and its interaction with the surface membrane await further investigation.
[Factors that affect the mortality in patients receiving emergency surgery for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms]. (2011)

This retrospective study was performed to identify the perioperative factors affecting the mortality rate in 28 patients, who had received emergency surgery for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms from January, 2005 to June, 2008. Five (17.9%) of these 28 patients died of massive bleeding, sepsis, or multiple organ failure during or within 11 days after surgery. Various factors which might influence the outcomes were compared between the survivors and non-survivors. Preoperative hypotension defined as a systolic blood pressure < or = 80 mmHg associated with hemorrhagic shock was the only significant factor affecting the mortality. There were no significant differences in age, gender, the time from the admittance to the hospital to aortic cross clamping, duration of surgery, and the amount of blood products transfused and intraoperative blood loss, between the two groups. Of great importance is that preoperative hypotension should be corrected before the onset of hemodynamic deterioration.
Metabolic Influences That Regulate Dendritic Cell Function in Tumors (2014)

Dendritic cells (DC) are critical regulators of both activation and tolerance in the adaptive immune response. The dual nature of DC immunoregulatory function depends on their differentiation and activation status. DC found within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor draining lymph node often exist in an inactive state, which is thought to limit the adaptive immune response elicited by the growing tumor. The major determinants of DC activation and the functional alterations in DC that result from integrating exogenous stimuli have been well investigated. Extensive efforts have been made to elucidate how the TME contributes to the inactivated/dysfunctional phenotype of tumor-associated DC (TADC). Although performed predominantly on in vitro DC cultures, recent evidence indicates that DC undergo required, coordinated alterations in their metabolism upon activation, and dysregulated metabolism in TADC is associated with their reduced immunostimulatory capacity. In this review, we will focus on the role of glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism in DC activation and function and discuss how these metabolic pathways may be regulated in TADC. Further, we consider the need for developing novel experimental approaches to assess metabolic choices in vivo, and the necessity for integrating metabolic regulation into the optimized development of DC for tumor vaccines and immunotherapy for cancer.
A tool for assisting provenance search in social media (2013)

In recent years, social media sites are witnessing an information explosion. Determining the reliability of such a large amount of information is a major area of research. Information provenance (aka, sources or origin) provides a way to measure the reliability of information in social networks. The main challenge in seeking provenance is the availability of suitable data consisting of sufficient unique propagation paths. Knowledge of the actual propagation paths for a piece of information will be a valuable asset in provenance search. This paper presents a tool for capturing the propagation network of a given tweet or URL (Uniform Resource Locator) in the Twitter network. Researchers can use this tool to collect information propagation data, design effective strategies for determining the provenance, and gain information about the tweet such as impact, growth rate and users influencing the spread. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system for seeking provenance information.
Drug resistance in Chinese hamster lung and mouse tumor cells. (1983)

Studies of Chinese hamster and mouse cells with high levels of acquired resistance to dactinomycin, daunorubicin, or vincristine have shown that these different permeability mutants all display similar phenotypic alterations: dramatic changes toward normal cell morphology and growth behavior and substantially reduced oncogenic potential. All three resistant cell types show increased expression of a high molecular weight plasma membrane glycoprotein species, gp150. Uniquely, vincristine-resistant cells contain gene amplification-associated chromosome abnormalities (homogeneously staining regions or double minute chromosomes), and they oversynthesize a low molecular weight cytosolic protein (V19). Cells grown in the absence of drug are phenotypically unstable. Revertant cells decline in resistance, length or number of homogeneously staining regions or double minute chromosomes, and expression of gp150 and V19. These proteins are thus candidate products of amplified genes which may or may not be manifested cytogenetically. The phenomena of drug resistance and reverse transformation are currently being addressed in protein phosphorylation studies.
Association of Disparities in Known Minor Histocompatibility Antigens with Relapse-Free Survival and Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (2012)

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) can induce remission in patients with hematologic malignancies due to graft-versus-tumor (GVT) responses. This immune-mediated antitumor effect is often accompanied by detrimental graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), however. Both GVT and GVHD are mediated by minor histocompatibility antigen (MiHA)-specific T cells recognizing peptide products from polymorphic genes that differ between recipient and donor. In this study, we evaluated whether mismatches in a panel of 17 MiHAs are associated with clinical outcome after partially T cell-depleted allo-SCT. Comprehensive statistical analysis revealed that DNA mismatches for one or more autosomal-encoded MiHAs was associated with increased relapse-free survival in recipients of sibling transplants (P = .04), particularly in those with multiple myeloma (P = .02). Moreover, mismatches for the ubiquitous Y chromosome-derived MiHAs resulted in a higher incidence of acute GVHD grade III-IV (P = .004), whereas autosomal MiHA mismatches, ubiquitous or restricted to hematopoietic cells, were not associated with severe GVHD. Finally, we found considerable differences among MiHAs in their capability of inducing in vivo T cell responses using dual-color tetramer analysis of peripheral blood samples collected after allo-SCT. Importantly, detection of MiHA-specific T cell responses was associated with improved relapse-free survival in recipients of sibling transplants (P = .01). Our findings provide a rationale for further boosting GVT immunity toward autosomal MiHAs with a hematopoietic restriction to improve outcomes after HLA-matched allo-SCT.
The effects of balance training on balance pad and sand on balance and gait ability in stroke patients (2016)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of balance training on balance pad and sand on balance and gait ability in stroke patients. METHODS: Sixty stroke patients were divided into a Balance Pad group(BPG, N = 20), a Sand group (SG, N = 20) and a Hard Ground group (HGG, N = 20) randomly. The subjects in the Hard Ground group stood in a comfortable position, faced a therapist, then threw a Swiss ball back and forth. They then performed balance training in which they raised and lowered their ankles while facing forward or moved objects from one table to another. The BPG performed same tasks in HGG, on an unstable surface using a balance pad. The SG performed same tasks on sand ground. All groups received training 30min per day, five times per week, for eight weeks. RESULTS: After intervention, all groups showed significant increases balance and gait components. And the BPG and the SG showed significant increase in weight distribution rate, Sway length and BBS compared with the HGG, but there was no significant difference in Cadence, Stride length among three groups. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, balance training on unstable surface using balance pad and sand was more effective in improving balance in stroke patients.
Enhancement of Estrogen Receptor Transcriptional Activity by the Coactivator GRIP-1 Highlights the Role of Activation Function 2 in Determining Estrogen Receptor Pharmacology (1998)

The human estrogen receptor (ER) contains two major activation functions (AFs) responsible for its transcriptional activity. One of these, activation function 2 (AF-2), located within the hormone-binding domain (HBD), has been shown to mediate the ligand-dependent transcriptional activity of ER as well as other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Recently, proteins interacting with the HBD of several nuclear receptors have been cloned. One of these proteins, glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein (GRIP-1), has been shown to interact with ER and was originally hypothesized to mediate its transcriptional activity through AF-2. However, we find in this study that the transcriptional activity of ER, containing mutations in the AF-2 core sequence, can be enhanced by coexpression of the coactivator GRIP-1, suggesting that this protein may not rely solely on the AF-2 domain for interaction. We propose, therefore, that the HBD of ER either contains multiple binding sites that are necessary for association with GRIP-1 or, alternatively, that this coactivator contacts the receptor in an undetermined region within the HBD. Importantly, these studies demonstrate also that mutations or deletion of AF-2 alter the ligand pharmacology of the receptor such that ER loses the ability to discriminate between agonists and antagonists. Interestingly, on these mutant receptors GRIP-1 still functions as a coactivator independent of the nature of the bound ligand. It is likely, therefore, that the C-terminal AF-2 domain may function as a molecular switch allowing the wild-type receptor to discriminate between agonists and antagonists as well as providing a surface with which associated proteins can interact.
Food That Makes You Different: The Stigma Experienced by Adolescents With Celiac Disease (2009)

For adolescents with celiac disease (CD), a gluten-free diet (GFD) is crucial for health, but compliance is problematic and noncompliance is common even among those aware of the risks. To better understand their lives with the disease, Swedish CD adolescents were invited to take part in focus group discussions. Data were analyzed for recurrent stigma-related themes across the groups. Adolescents described an awareness of being different from others that was produced by meal appearance and the poor availability of gluten-free food. The GFD often required discussions and special requests, so eating in public had the effect of making an invisible condition visible, and thereby creating a context for felt or enacted stigma. Maintaining invisibility avoided negative consequences of stigma, and other strategies were used to reduce the costs of visibility. The results of the study show that the GFD can produce stigma experiences in adolescence, and that dietary compliance (or lack thereof) can be understood in terms of dealing with GFD concealment and disclosure.
Interleukin 1. cap alpha. and interleukin 1. beta. bind to the same receptor on T cells (1986)

Pure, E. coli-derived recombinant murine interleukin 1..cap alpha.. (IL 1..cap alpha..) was labeled with /sup 125/I and used for receptor binding studies. The /sup 125/I-IL 1 binds to murine EL-4 thymoma cells in a specific and saturable manner. Scatchard plot analysis for binding studies carried out at 4/sup 0/C reveals a single type of high affinity binding site with an apparent dissociation constant of approximately 2.6 X 10/sup -10/ M and the presence of approximately 1200 binding sites per cell. Unlabeled recombinant murine IL 1 competes for /sup 125/I-IL 1 binding in a dose-dependent manner, whereas interferon-..cap alpha..A, interleukin 2 (IL 2), epidermal growth factor, and nerve growth factor have no effect. The /sup 125/I-IL 1 binding site is sensitive to trypsin, suggesting that it is localized on the cell surface. The authors have also examined the ability of purified recombinant human IL 1..cap alpha.. and IL 1..beta.. to compete for binding of the radiolabeled murine IL 1 to its receptor and to stimulate IL 2 production by EL-4 cells. They report here that both human IL 1 proteins are able to recognize the same binding site on mouse IL 1. In addition, murine as well as both human ILmore » 1 proteins stimulate IL 2 production by EL-4 cells.« less
Interference Analysis of TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA System Coexistence (2010)

TD-SCDMA, as one of the 3G mobile system, is commercially operated in China successfully. TD-LTE, as the evolution of TD-SCDMA, will be operated in the future. However, these two systems may coexist in one area. The inter-system interference may degrade the performance of both. In this paper, we analyze the coexistence interference by minimum coupling loss (MCL) method. The isolation requirements are calculated, and the antenna installation method, which can reduce the inter-system interference effectively, is also investigated.
Short-time electrode processes and spectra in a high-voltage spark discharge (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTShort-time electrode processes and spectra in a high-voltage spark dischargeJ. P. WaltersCite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 10, 1540–1573Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60266a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60266a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Reaction Conditions on Hydrolysis of Chitin by <i>Serratia marcescens</i> QMB 1466 chitinase (1981)

ABSTRACT The hydrolysis of chitin by Serratia marcescens chitinase was studied as part of ar overall project to develop a chitin waste treatment bioconversion scheme. Hydrolyses were conducted with automatic pH control in stirred flasks. Parameters varied were temperature, enzyme activity, and chitin particle size and concentration. A temperature of 30°C is suitable. Hydrolysis increases with increasing enzyme activity and chitin slurry concentration, and with decreasing particle size.