gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 1.2 V 8 Gb 8-Channel 128 GB/s High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM) Stacked DRAM With Effective I/O Test Circuits (2014)

Motivated by a graphics memory system that achieves multiplied bandwidth by the number of memories per system, HBM DRAM adopts a brand new architecture, with many technical changes and challenges. The first main change in the architecture is the stacked memory structure with TSV array, which has independent bandwidth per slice. The second is semi-independent row, column command interface, which enhances effective performance. For supporting high bandwidth, this chip has fine pitch microbump interface. Methods for testing microbump are explained. 8 Gb stacked HBM is fabricated with chip-on-wafer process and tested with high-frequency wafer probing. Using chip-on-wafer test results, 128 GB/s at 1.2 V supply voltage is achieved.
On Probabilistic Weight Distribution of Polar Codes (2013)

Polar code is a low-complexity and capacity-achieving code with applications in channel coding, source coding and secrecy. One way to evaluate the error performance of the finite-length polar 'channel' code, for instance, is to use Bonferroni-type (e.g., union bound) bounds requiring the Hamming weight distribution. Currently, there are no low-complexity algorithms for the polar code's spectra. In this paper, we propose a recursive probabilistic weight distribution (PWD) expression for polar codes. As this expression is complex, two polynomial-time approximations and a tree-based approach have been presented for a faster implementation of the PWD method with much accuracy.
Flexible context aware interface for ambient assisted living (2014)

Abstract A Multi Agent System that provides a (cared for) person, the subject, with assistance and support through an Ambient Assisted Living Flexible Interface (AALFI) during the day while complementing the night time assistance offered by NOCTURNAL with feedback assistance, is presented. It has been tailored to the subject’s requirements profile and takes into account factors associated with the time of day; hence it attempts to overcome shortcomings of current Ambient Assisted Living Systems. The subject is provided with feedback that highlights important criteria such as quality of sleep during the night and possible breeches of safety during the day. This may help the subject carry out corrective measures and/or seek further assistance. AALFI provides tailored interaction that is either visual or auditory so that the subject is able to understand the interactions and this process is driven by a Multi-Agent System. User feedback gathered from a relevant user group through a workshop validated the ideas underpinning the research, the Multi-agent system and the adaptable interface.
Wall Street Words (1988)

Individual investors, investment professionals, business school students, and anyone concerned with making money will find this title required reading for making educated investment decisions.
Cleaning and conditioning of the walls of plasma devices by glow discharges in hydrogen (1984)

Surface conditioning by rf-assisted dc glow (RG) discharges has been studied in a stainless steel vessel in order to optimize the rate of surface deoxidization via water formation. This is the simplest way to decontaminate the almost carbon-free surfaces of plasma devices which have been exposed to air after a prolonged operation in hydrogen. This rate depends strongly on the wall temperature TW, the pump speed Sp, the discharge current IRG, and the hydrogen pressure P2. It is small at ambient temperature; the conditioning should be made at TW&gt;100 °C. Surface oxygen is removed, even at room temperature, when 1% to 2% of methane is added to the hydrogen. Carbon monoxide is formed and evacuated. The addition of He or Ne does not accelerate the oxygen removal from reoxidized surfaces. An equation derived from a simplified model describes the parametric dependences of the water release well. The occurrence of arcs during RG discharges depends on wall conditioning; they are not observed after a prolonged bakeout at 200 °C. The problems which arise when a residual gas analyzer is used to measure the partial pressures of water, carbon oxides, and hydrocarbons in hydrogen are addressed, and a conditioning technique which reduces the resulting errors is described.
Strain Gauge Balance Calibration and Data Reduction at NASA Langley Research Center (1999)

This article reviews the innervation of the arterial system of the lower extremity, lumbar sympathectomy in vascular surgery, lumbar sympathectomy for digital gangrene and in the prevention of major amputation of the lower extremity and substance P's role in neurogenic inflammatory modulation. Long-term results of lumbar sympathectomy and direct arterial bypass surgery have also been reviewed. In addition to the pilomotor, sudomotor and vasomotor actions of the sympathetic nervous system via its neurotransmitters, the molecular basis of the chronic neurogenic inflammatory reaction have been addressed with special attention to the discovery of substance P in the lumbar sympathetic chain and ganglia of human beings.
Sinusoidal frequency doubler and full-wave rectifierusing translinear current conveyor (1998)

A simple circuit design technique for realising both a sinusoidal frequency doubler and a full-wave rectifier, employing a translinear current conveyor and current mirrors as active circuit elements, is proposed. The implementation method uses the inherited translinear loop of the translinear current conveyor to perform frequency doubling and rectification. The performance of the scheme is demonstrated by PSPICE simulations.
LiDAR Based Perception System: Pioneer Technology for Safety Driving (2017)

Perceiving the surrounding multiple vehicles robustly and effectively is a very important step in building Advanced Driving Assistant System (ADAS) or autonomous vehicles. This thesis presents the design of the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) perception system which consists of several sub-tasks: ground detection, object detection, object classification, and object tracking. It is believed that accomplishing these sub-tasks will provide a guideline to a vast range of potential autonomous vehicles applications. More specifically, a probability occupancy grid map based approach was developed for ground detection to address the issues of over-segmentation, under-segmentation and slow-segmentation by non-flat surface. Given the non-ground points, point cloud clustering algorithm is developed for object detection by using a Radially Bounded Nearest Neighbor (RBNN) method on the static Kd-tree. To identify the object, a supervised learning approach based on our LiDAR sensor for vehicle type classification is proposed. The proposed classification algorithm is used to classify the object into four different types: ``Sedan'', ``SUV'', ``Van'', and ``Truck''. To handle disturbances and motion uncertainties, a generalized form of Smooth Variable Structure Filter (SVSF) integrated with a combination of Hungarian algorithm (HA) and Probability Data Association Filter (PDAF), referred to as GSVSF-HA/PDAF, is developed. The developed approach is to overcome the multiple targets data association in the content of dynamics environment where the distribution of data is unpredictable. Last but not the least, a comprehensive experimental evaluation for each sub-task is presented to validate the robustness and effectiveness of our developed perception system.
Design of emotional educational system mobile games for autistic children (2016)

The rise and popularization of smartphones resulted in an obvious transition from personal computing to smartphones computing; all while guarding interactivity. Consequently, intelligent instruments can possess a “Facial Emotion Detection” (FED) system and an “Automatic Speech Recognition” (ASR) process. Such performances give new opportunities to develop a variability of software's that would otherwise be impossible. One group that would strongly benefit from the aforementioned applications concerns kids with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although most recent educational mobile games targeting autistic children are not emotion-aware, our research laboratory inspects how portable technologies, facial expression recognition, and voice recognition algorithms can help autistic kids learn and improve their academic skills. We have designed a computerized system, “World of Kids” which facilitates the development of behaviour detection software's in portable devices. We aim to identify the mobile user's emotions via facial detection in order to extract the best appropriate and favourable game(s), which may even be a learning game(s). This paper describes the process in designing “World of Kids” and discusses the given results after testing the facial expression recognition application to detect emotion.
Expression of functional tyrosine kinases on immortalized Kaposi's sarcoma cells (2000)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most frequent malignant lesion in patients with AIDS and is characterized by spindle cell proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, edema, and invasiveness. KS origin is still debated. The complex aspect of this disease is probably supported by multiple concomitant pathogenetic factors, among which growth factors and their cognate tyrosine kinase receptors are deeply involved. Here we have investigated the expression status and functional integrity of KDR and Met receptors, as well as of their ligands, in an immortalized KS cell line (KS-IMM). The MET and KDR genes encode the tyrosine kinase receptors for Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) respectively. Both factors are pleiotropic cytokines controlling growth, survival, motility, invasive migration and differentiation of endothelial cells. We have found that KS-IMM cells, which retain most of the features of the parental tumor and can induce KS-like sarcomas when injected subcutaneously in nude mice, express the Met receptor, but not its ligand. The receptor, which is basally inactive, is functional, being tyrosine phosphorylated in response to ligand stimulation and mediating the expected HGF-dependent biological responses of motility, invasion and proliferation. Moreover, we report that KS-IMM cells coexpress VEGF and KDR and that KDR is constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated, possibly as a consequence of the establishment of an autocrine loop. The receptor, however, maintains responsiveness to exogenously added ligand, by increasing the level of tyrosine phosphorylation and by responding in biological assays of motility, invasion and proliferation. Finally, we have found that the two growth factors synergize in a motility assay. These data show that HGF and VEGF are growth factors active on KS-IMM cells.
Impaired Recruitment of Grk6 and β-Arrestin2 Causes Delayed Internalization and Desensitization of a WHIM Syndrome-Associated CXCR4 Mutant Receptor (2009)

WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokatexis) syndrome is a rare immunodeficiency syndrome linked to heterozygous mutations of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 resulting in truncations of its cytoplasmic tail. Leukocytes from patients with WHIM syndrome display impaired CXCR4 internalization and enhanced chemotaxis in response to its unique ligand SDF-1/CXCL12, which likely contribute to the clinical manifestations. Here, we investigated the biochemical mechanisms underlying CXCR4 deficiency in WHIM syndrome. We report that after ligand activation, WHIM-associated mutant CXCR4 receptors lacking the carboxy-terminal 19 residues internalize and activate Erk 1/2 slower than wild-type (WT) receptors, while utilizing the same trafficking endocytic pathway. Recruitment of beta-Arrestin 2, but not beta-Arrestin 1, to the active WHIM-mutant receptor is delayed compared to the WT CXCR4 receptor. In addition, while both kinases Grk3 and Grk6 bind to WT CXCR4 and are critical to its trafficking to the lysosomes, Grk6 fails to associate with the WHIM-mutant receptor whereas Grk3 associates normally. Since beta-Arrestins and Grks play critical roles in phosphorylation and internalization of agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptors, these results provide a molecular basis for CXCR4 dysfunction in WHIM syndrome.
Documentation in Technical Services (2006)

ABSTRACT Documentation is the written record of activities, policies, and procedures within a certain organization or group. Libraries, especially technical services units, need to be more vigilant about documenting the important activities of their departments for current and future use. After looking at past library literature, this article highlights ways to incorporate documentation into acquisitions, serials, and cataloging units while emphasizing the importance of these activities and making sure all staff members are involved.
Directional line edge binary pattern for texture image indexing and retrieval (2012)

In this paper, a new method, directional line edge binary pattern (DLEBP) is proposed for image indexing and retrieval. This method is the extension of line edge binary pattern (LEBP). The directional line edges of neighbours for a particular center pixel are determined by eight directional windows. The 3x3 directional window is considered for this purpose. The retrieval results of the proposed method are tested on Brodatz image database. The performance of the proposed method is measured in terms of average retrieval rate (ARR). The results after being investigated show a significant improvement in terms of ARR as compared to Gabor transform (GT), dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT), dual-tree rotated complex wavelet transform (DT-RCWT), local ternary pattern (LTP), LEBP and local binary pattern (LBP).
Full flexibility genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms by the GOOD assay (2000)

Recently a facile method for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using MALDI mass spectrometry, termed the GOOD assay, was developed. It does not require any purification and is performed with simple liquid handling, thermal incubation and cycling steps. Although this method is well suited to automation and high-throughput analysis of SNPs, it did not allow full flexibility due to lack of certain reagents. A complete set of ss-cyanoethyl phosphoramidites is presented herein that give this SNP genotyping method full sequence and multiplex capabilities. Applications to SNP genotyping in the prion protein gene, the ss-2-adrenergic receptor gene and the angiotensin converting enzyme gene using the GOOD assay are demonstrated. Because SNP genotyping technologies are generally very sensitive to varying DNA quality, the GOOD assay has been stabilised and optimised for low quality DNA. A template extraction method is introduced that allows genotyping from tissue that was taken while placing an ear tag on an animal. This dramatically facilitates the application of genotyping to animal agricultural applications, as it demonstrates that expensive and cumbersome DNA extraction procedures prior to genotyping can be avoided.
Temporal-Regulation of Serum Lipids and Stearoyl CoA Desaturase and Lipoprotein Lipase mRNA in BALB/cHnn Mice (1996)

Databases for genes expressed in humans or cell cultures are being developed as a part of the Human Genome Project. Because genomes respond to nutritional and other environmental variables, quantitative analyses of mRNA abundance under defined nutritional and physiological states are required to understand normal metabolism and to clarify differences between normal and disease phenotypes. Reported here are comparisons of food intake, growthp5erum lipids and expression of mRNA for hepatic stearoyl CoA desaturase (Scd1) and heart lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) in female BALB/cHnn mice following food deprivation and refeeding at the end of 2 wk of feeding semipurified diets with 3, 10 or 20% corn oils. Body weights and utilization of dietary energy were similar for mice fed all three diets. There were no differences in serum lipid concentrations associated with the level of dietary fat during subsequent food deprivation and refeeding, but significant differences in serum triglycerides and total serum cholesterol were observed between food-deprived and fed mice. Heart lipoprotein lipase and hepatic Scd1 mRNA expression levels were affected significantly by concentration of corn oil and by time after eating. These and other studies examining gene regulation by dietary variables and nutrient availability are discussed in relation to development of diet-regulated gene databases for laboratory animals fed semipurified diets.
Aeroelastic analysis for helicopter rotor blades with time-variable, non-linear structural twist and multiple structural redundancy: Mathematical derivation and program user's manual (1976)

The differential equations of motion for the lateral and torsional deformations of a nonlinearly twisted rotor blade in steady flight conditions together with those additional aeroelastic features germane to composite bearingless rotors are derived. The differential equations are formulated in terms of uncoupled (zero pitch and twist) vibratory modes with exact coupling effects due to finite, time variable blade pitch and, to second order, twist. Also presented are derivations of the fully coupled inertia and aerodynamic load distributions, automatic pitch change coupling effects, structural redundancy characteristics of the composite bearingless rotor flexbeam - torque tube system in bending and torsion, and a description of the linearized equations appropriate for eigensolution analyses. Three appendixes are included presenting material appropriate to the digital computer program implementation of the analysis, program G400.
Digitally beamformed multibeam phased array antennas for future communication satellites (2008)

Future generation of communication satellites are based on multi-beam phased array antennas, where beamforming and scanning are all fully implemented in digital domain as opposed to the commonly considered analog domains. The challenges of realizing a digitally beamformed multi-beam phased array antennas are many when communications are intended for applications beyond Q-band communication satellites, where RF down-conversion, phase control and timing synchronization, analog-to-digital conversion, and ultra high-speed data links are the important functions before the digital signal processing function could be implemented. The down-conversion and phase shifting could be combined using ILPLL systems that are implemented in both electrical and optical domains. Design of a novel all-optical ADC using spectral technique is presented, where sampling speeds as high as 50 GS/s with a minimum 6 bits of resolution is attainable with maximum power consumption of 4W.
Characterization of XynC from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> subsp. <i>subtilis</i> Strain 168 and Analysis of Its Role in Depolymerization of Glucuronoxylan (2006)

Secretion of xylanase activities by Bacillus subtilis 168 supports the development of this well-defined genetic system for conversion of methylglucuronoxylan (MeGAXn [where n represents the number of xylose residues]) in the hemicellulose component of lignocellulosics to biobased products. In addition to the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 11 (GH 11) endoxylanase designated XynA, B. subtilis 168 secretes a second endoxylanase as the translated product of the ynfF gene. This sequence shows remarkable homology to the GH 5 endoxylanase secreted by strains of Erwinia chrysanthemi. To determine its properties and potential role in the depolymerization of MeGAXn, the ynfF gene was cloned and overexpressed to provide an endoxylanase, designated XynC, which was characterized with respect to substrate preference, kinetic properties, and product formation. With different sources of MeGAXn as the substrate, the specific activity increased with increasing methylglucuronosyl substitutions on the beta-1,4-xylan chain. With MeGAXn from sweetgum as a preferred substrate, XynC exhibited a Vmax of 59.9 units/mg XynC, a Km of 1.63 mg MeGAXn/ml, and a k(cat) of 2,635/minute at pH 6.0 and 37 degrees C. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance data revealed that each hydrolysis product has a single glucuronosyl substitution penultimate to the reducing terminal xylose. This detailed analysis of XynC from B. subtilis 168 defines the unique depolymerization process catalyzed by the GH 5 endoxylanases. Based upon product analysis, B. subtilis 168 secretes both XynA and XynC. Expression of xynA was subject to MeGAXn induction; xynC expression was constitutive with growth on different substrates. Translation and secretion of both GH 11 and GH 5 endoxylanases by the fully sequenced and genetically malleable B. subtilis 168 recommends this bacterium for the introduction of genes required for the complete utilization of products of the enzyme-catalyzed depolymerization of MeGAXn. B. subtilis may serve as a model platform for development of gram-positive biocatalysts for conversion of lignocellulosic materials to renewable fuels and chemicals.
FES standing: control by handle reactions of leg muscle stimulation (CHRELMS) (1996)

Many paraplegics can stand using functional electrical stimulation (FES) of their extensor muscles without any modulation of the stimulus intensity by feedback. This is possible because, using handles and the intact upper-body muscles, the position of the pelvis can be controlled and this determines the positions of the two legs. Nevertheless, it is highly desirable that some practical method of modulating the stimulus intensities is used to reduce muscle fatigue and improve posture. We propose that the goal of the controller should be the minimization of the handle reaction forces by referring these forces to the equivalent leg joint moments and, as far as possible, making corresponding changes to the stimulation of the leg muscles. If force sensors are used only at the handles, the joint moments in the two legs are indeterminate. We hypothesize that in some patients acceptable results may still be obtained if we treat the two legs as one. This method will control standing up, standing, and sitting down; the user will be able to "feel" that his leg muscles are tiring and will be able to "posture switch" without any explicit instruction to the controller to change mode.
Hybrid ARQ protocol for real-time ATM services in broadband radio access networks (2003)

We propose a new type of hybrid ARQ protocol, in which the channel-adaptive variable rate channel coding scheme is combined with the multi-copy retransmission strategy so as to optimize the system performance under the delay constraint of real-time ATM services in broadband radio access networks. The main feature of the multi-copy retransmission strategy in this scheme is to maximize the average throughput for the given FEC rate subject to the prescribed cell loss requirement of the real-time wireless ATM services while augmenting the reliability of slow channel state estimation process required for the channel-adaptive FEC scheme. The analysis shows that under a harsh fading channel, the proposed approach is useful for achieving the prescribed cell loss performance without significantly degrading the average throughput.
Experiences on voltage dip ride through factory testing of synchronous and doubly fed generator drives (2005)

The electrical utilities have specified in their recent requirements that wind turbines have to be capable to ride through severe voltage dips without disconnecting. For the verification of the ride through capability factory and field tests are needed. In most cases a test system with fault emulation is used that will give more realistic results especially for generators that have their stator directly connected to the grid. However, care has to be taken that the impedance level of the test setup is low enough. Experimental results are presented for a 1.6 MW doubly fed generator and a 200 kW synchronous generator drive. Moreover, the problem with the reactive power measurement during ride through is discussed in the end of the paper