gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic characterization of human CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells with natural killer cell markers in comparison with natural killer cells and normal CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (2001)

We investigated the function of CD56+ CD8+ T cells (CD56+ T cells) and CD56- CD57+ CD8+ T cells (CD57+ T cells; natural killer (NK)-type T cells) and compared them with those of normal CD56- CD57- CD8+ T cells (CD8+ T cells) and CD56+ NK cells from healthy volunteers. After the stimulation with immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies, both NK-type T cells produced much larger amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) than CD8+ T cells. Both NK-type T cells also acquired a more potent cytotoxicity against NK-sensitive K562 cells than CD8+ T cells while only CD56+ T cells showed a potent cytotoxicity against NK-resistant Raji cells. After the stimulation with a combination of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12 and IL-15, the IFN-gamma amounts produced were NK cells > or = CD56+ T cells > or = CD57+ T cells > CD8+ T cells. The cytotoxicities against K562 cells were NK cells > CD56+ T cells > or = CD57+ T cells > CD8+ T cells while cytotoxicities against Raji cells were CD56+ T cells > CD57+ T cells > or = CD8+ T cells > or = NK cells. However, the CD3-stimulated proliferation of both NK-type T cells was smaller than that of CD8+ T cells partly because NK-type T cells were susceptible to apoptosis. In addition to NK cells, NK-type T cells but not CD8+ T cells stimulated with cytokines, expressed cytoplasmic perforin and granzyme B. Furthermore, CD3-stimulated IFN-gamma production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) correlated with the proportions of CD57+ T cells in PBMC from donors. Our findings suggest that NK-type T cells play an important role in the T helper 1 responses and the immunological changes associated with ageing.
Numerical simulation on novel nano-scale lateral double-gate tunneling field effect transistor (2010)

A novel nano-scale lateral double-gate tunneling field effect transistor (LDG-TFET) is proposed in this paper and its performance is shown through two dimensional device numerical simulations. The study result demonstrates that this new tunneling transistor allows for the steeper sub-threshold swings, e.g. below 60 mV/Dec, the super low supply voltage, e.g. operable at VDD ≪0.2V and the high ratio between the turn-on and turn-off current for the availability of high-k/metal stack materials. This tunneling field effect transistor may be integrated with present CMOS process and architecture with some specific applications such as memories because of the low turn-off current and when the delay is truly determined by interconnects because of its high turn-on/turn off ratio, which are important for next generation of micro-power and ultra-low integrated circuits.
Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pancreatic Islet Grafts After Iron Nanoparticle Labeling (2008)

There is a crucial need for noninvasive assessment tools after cell transplantation. This study investigates whether a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) strategy could be clinically applied to islet transplantation. The purest fractions of seven human islet preparations were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO, 280 microg/mL) and transplanted into four patients with type 1 diabetes. MRI studies (T2*) were performed prior to and at various time points after transplantation. Viability and in vitro and in vivo functions of labeled islets were similar to those of control islets. All patients could stop insulin after transplantation. The first patient had diffuse hypointense images on her baseline liver MRI, typical for spontaneous high iron content, and transplant-related modifications could not be observed. The other three patients had normal intensity on pretransplant images, and iron-loaded islets could be identified after transplantation as hypointense spots within the liver. In one of them, i.v. iron therapy prevented subsequent visualization of the spots because of diffuse hypointense liver background. Altogether, this study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of MRI-based islet graft monitoring in clinical practice. Iron overload (spontaneous or induced) represents the major obstacle to the technique.
Deriving models of software fault-proneness (2002)

The effectiveness of the software testing process is a key issue for meeting the increasing demand of quality without augmenting the overall costs of software development. The estimation of software fault-proneness is important for assessing costs and quality and thus better planning and tuning the testing process. Unfortunately, no general techniques are available for estimating software fault-proneness and the distribution of faults to identify the correct level of test for the required quality. Although software complexity and testing thoroughness are intuitively related to the costs of quality assurance and the quality of the final product, single software metrics and coverage criteria provide limited help in planning the testing process and assuring the required quality.By using logistic regression, this paper shows how models can be built that relate software measures and software fault-proneness for classes of homogeneous software products. It also proposes the use of cross-validation for selecting valid models even for small data sets.The early results show that it is possible to build statistical models based on historical data for estimating fault-proneness of software modules before testing, and thus better planning and monitoring the testing activities.
Energy harvesting circuits power measuring system (2020)

The paper proposes a simple and low-cost technique of a power measuring system for the characterization and evaluation of harvesters, harvesting circuits or switching converters. The system is a lab instrument and it can measure the power that is drawn from or provided to it, by measuring the time duration for a specific voltage difference to occur on a capacitor of known capacitance (V-T). This way, it is easier to measure low power values in comparison with the most straightforward method that depends on voltage and current measurements. The system is using only commercially available discrete components and is optimized for measuring power in the uW range with uW accuracy as supported with experimental results. It was tested to compare different solar harvesting circuits and to measure the available power levels for various light intensities.
A product focused, layered software development framework (2002)

This paper started from the observation that there is a need among the existing software process models to adapt to the size and scope of the product being developed. Therefore, we propose here the Layered Software Development Framework, which recasts classical software development models in light of the architectural levels described in Helm's Scalability Model. It describes the development of software as a set of specific development activities limited to individual architectural levels and the interactions between them, rather than as a set of general development activities distributed across all architectural levels. The framework can be tailored to the specific product being developed, and practices followed by a development organization.
<i>In situ</i> compressive sensing (2008)

Compressive sensing (CS) is a framework that exploits the compressible character of most natural signals, allowing the accurate measurement of an m-dimensional signal u in terms of n ≪ m measurements v. The CS measurements may be represented in terms of an n × m matrix that defines the linear relationship between v and u. In this paper, we demonstrate that similar linear mappings of the form u → v are manifested naturally by wave propagation in general media, and therefore in situ CS measurements may be performed simply by exploiting the propagation and scattering properties of natural environments. The connection between the propagation medium and the basis in which u is sparsely rendered is quantified in terms of a mutual-coherence factor, which plays an important role in defining the number of required in situ CS measurements. In addition to presenting the basic in situ CS framework, a simple but practical example problem is considered in detail from multiple perspectives.
Stress-Induced Gene Expression in Plants (1994)

Alterations in gene expression in response to water deficit nuclear genes expressed during seed desiccation - relationship with responses to stress gene expression in relation to salt tolerance gene expression during anoxia gene expression under low temperature stress regulation of heat shock gene expression heat shock proteins and thermotolerance ozone effects on gene expression and molecular approaches to breeding for air pollution tolerance gene expression in relation to metal toxicity and tolerance pathogen-induced gene expression.
Chemistry of Rh2(CO)2Cl2(dppm)2 and compounds derived therefrom: structural characterization of Rh2(CO)Cl4(dppm)2 and [Rh2(CO)Cl3(dppm)2MeOH][PF6] (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Rh2(CO)2Cl2(dppm)2 and compounds derived therefrom: structural characterization of Rh2(CO)Cl4(dppm)2 and [Rh2(CO)Cl3(dppm)2MeOH][PF6]F. Albert Cotton, Cassandra T. Eagle, and Andrew C. PriceCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 24, 4362–4368Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00297a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (860 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
EEPROM bit failure investigation (2003)

This paper reports the investigation findings concerning of the EEPROM single bit failures that were observed on a recent NASA space mission.
The Coaxial Cavity Resonator as a RF IC Engine Ignition Source (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Quarter Wave Coaxial Cavity Resonator (QWCCR) plasma igniter is designed, from previous theoretical work, as an ignition source for an internal combustion engine. The present research has explored the implementation of the QWCCR into an internal combustion (IC) engine. The QWCCR design parameters of inner conductor length, loop geometry, and loop position were varied for two igniters of differing operating frequency. Variations of the QWCCR radio frequency (RF) parameters, as a function of engine geometry, were studied by placing the igniter in a combustion chamber and manually varying the crank position. Three identical igniters were fitted with dielectric inserts and the parameters were studied before and after ignition was sustained in a twin-cylinder engine. Optimal resonator geometries were determined. Radio frequency parameter invariance was found with respect to crank angle and piston distance. The first successful IC engine ignition using a QWCCR was achieved.</div>
The Diffraction of Electrons by a Crystal of Nickel (1928)

This article is taken from the manuscript prepared by the author for his address at the joint meeting of Section B of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Physical Society on December 28, 1927, at Nashville, Tennessee. An account of this work giving fuller experimental details is given by Davisson and Germer in the December, 1927, issue of the Physical Review. These experiments are fundamental to some of the newer theories in physics. Until they were performed, it could be said that all experimental facts about the electron could be explained by regarding it as a particle of negative electricity. It now appears that in some way a “wave-length” is connected with the electron's behavior. The work thus shows an interesting contrast with the discovery of A. H. Compton that a ray of light (a light pulse) suffers a change of wave-length upon impact with an electron, the change of wave-length corresponding exactly to the momentum gained by the electron. Until Compton's work, all the known facts about light could be explained by thinking of light as a wave motion. The Compton effect seems to prove the existence of particles of light. Physics is thus faced with a double duality. Compton showed that light is in some sense both a wave motion and a stream of particles. Davisson and Germer have now shown that a beam of electrons is in some sense both a stream of particles and a wave motion. At the same time, theoretical advances have been made which seem to pave the way for an understanding of this curious situation. A general account of these new developments was given by K. K. Darrow in his series “Contemporary Advances in Physics” in the Bell System Technical Journal for October, 1927. Some remarks on the relation of the Davisson and Germer experiments to the new mechanics were given in this article, p. 692 et seq. — Editor.
Acidity of Keggin-Type Heteropolycompounds Evaluated by Catalytic Probe Reactions, Sorption Microcalorimetry, and Density Functional Quantum Chemical Calculations (1998)

The acidity and its effects on reactivity of Keggin-type heteropolycompounds were examined by catalytic probe reactions, microcalorimetry of ammonia sorption, and density functional quantum chemical calculations. Phosphotungstic, phosphomolybdic, silicotungstic, and silicomolybdic acids were used as model compounds. The specific rates of double-bond isomerization of both 1-butene and cis-2-butene were orders of magnitude greater on the tungsten heteropolyacids than on molybdenum heteropolyacids, which suggests the tungsten-containing solids are stronger acids. The rate of double-bond isomerization over silicotungstic acid was similar to that over phosphotungstic acid, indicating the minor role of the heteroatom. Results from ammonia sorption microcalorimetry showed ΔHsorp on tungsten-based heteropolyacids was approximately 40 kJ mol-1 higher than the corresponding enthalpy obtained on molybdenum-based heteropolyacids. Residual waters of hydration significantly affected both reaction rates and sorption enthalpies. Quantum chemical calculations revealed the most energetically favorable site of the acidic proton to be a bridging oxygen atom in the anhydrous heteropolyacid. Calculations on structurally optimized small metal oxide clusters, as well as the complete Keggin unit, were used to determine the proton affinities by DFT methods. Regardless of cluster size, the proton affinity of a tungsten cluster was always lower than that of an analogous molybdenum cluster by about 20−40 kJ mol-1. The combination of results from experiments and quantum chemical calculations provides a consistent ranking of acid strength for this important class of solid catalysts.
Laboratory-size three-dimensional x-ray microscope with Wolter type I mirror optics and an electron-impact water window x-ray source (2014)

We constructed a laboratory-size three-dimensional water window x-ray microscope that combines wide-field transmission x-ray microscopy with tomographic reconstruction techniques, and observed bio-medical samples to evaluate its applicability to life science research fields. It consists of a condenser and an objective grazing incidence Wolter type I mirror, an electron-impact type oxygen Kα x-ray source, and a back-illuminated CCD for x-ray imaging. A spatial resolution limit of around 1.0 line pairs per micrometer was obtained for two-dimensional transmission images, and 1-μm scale three-dimensional fine structures were resolved.
Intramembrane Helix-Helix Association in Oligomerization and Transmembrane Signaling (1992)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
Blind Joint MIMO Channel Estimation and Decoding (2017)

We propose a method for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) decoding when channel-state information (CSI) is unknown to both the transmitter and receiver. The proposed method requires some structure in the transmitted signal for the decoding to be effective, in particular that the underlying sources are drawn from a hypercubic space. Our proposed technique fits a minimum volume parallelepiped to the received samples. This problem can be expressed as a non-convex optimization problem that can be solved with high probability by gradient descent. Our blind decoding algorithm can be used when communicating over unknown MIMO wireless channels using either binary phase-shift keying or MPAM modulation. We apply our technique to jointly estimate MIMO-channel gain matrices and decode the underlying transmissions with only knowledge of the transmitted constellation and without the use of pilot symbols. Our results provide theoretical guarantees that the proposed algorithm is correct when applied to MIMO systems with four or fewer transmit antennas. Empirical results show small sample size requirements, making this algorithm suitable for block-fading channels with coherence times typically seen in practice. Our approach has a loss of less than 3 dB compared to zero forcing with perfect CSI, imposing a similar performance penalty as space-time coding techniques without the loss of rate incurred by those techniques.
Pharmacodynamic Functions: a Multiparameter Approach to the Design of Antibiotic Treatment Regimens (2004)

There is a complex quantitative relationship between the concentrations of antibiotics and the growth and death rates of bacteria. Despite this complexity, in most cases only a single pharmacodynamic parameter, the MIC of the drug, is employed for the rational development of antibiotic treatment regimens. In this report, we use a mathematical model based on a Hill function-which we call the pharmacodynamic function and which is related to previously published E(max) models-to describe the relationship between the bacterial net growth rates and the concentrations of antibiotics of five different classes: ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, streptomycin, and rifampin. Using Escherichia coli O18:K1:H7, we illustrate how precise estimates of the four parameters of the pharmacodynamic function can be obtained from in vitro time-kill data. We show that, in addition to their respective MICs, these antibiotics differ in the values of the other pharmacodynamic parameters. Using a computer simulation of antibiotic treatment in vivo, we demonstrate that, as a consequence of differences in pharmacodynamic parameters, such as the steepness of the Hill function and the minimum bacterial net growth rate attained at high antibiotic concentrations, there can be profound differences in the microbiological efficacy of antibiotics with identical MICs. We discuss the clinical implications and limitations of these results.
Surveillance system using HL7 CDA in Korea (2012)

Objective: The current process for reporting infectious disease in Korea is a complex workow based on manual entry and verication of data and requires transmission of report via obsolete technologies such as FAX. As such, it incurs unnecessary time and eort that hinder real time monitoring of epidemic outbreak. Further, the lack of standardized coding of data in the report makes it dicult to manage and analyze the data from dierent sources. We propose an interoperable infectious disease reporting system based on HL7 standards that simplies the reporting workow and enables near real time reporting in Korea. Method: We rst analyze the current process of infectious disease reporting in Korea and identify its shortcomings in detail. Next we analyze KRFID (Korea Report Form of Infectious Disease) and related regulations to draw a data architecture design. Finally we take existing HL7 CDA implementation guides such as PHIN and Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) Reports Template and conduct a comparative analysis to derive our design of CDA. Result: The nal design of CDA consists of Patient and Infection sections. The Patient section includes 4 entries and the Patient section has 6 entries. KRFID is composed of 24 data items, of which 14 are included in the CDA header and the other in the body. The value of each entry is encoded using either SNOMED-CT or LOINC. Conclusion: The system we developed enables fast reporting by eliminating unnecessary workload and delays. In the reporting process, the steps for manual entry, printing a form, and sending it via FAX at healthcare providers can be omitted and the procedure in which employees at Regional Health Centers manually enter data through KCDC web portal can also be removed. The system also oers interoperability by using international standards. Specically, we adopted HL7 CDA for the report form and LOINC and SNOMED-CT for encoding data. Finally, due to the regulatory requirement that all infectious disease reports should be documented and archived, the adoption of CDA as the electronic format of KRFID satises the regulation as well as the need for real time monitoring of infectious diseases in Korea.
Characteristics of frequency selective surfaces for a multi-band communication satellite (2002)

The authors describe an antenna system for a proposed multiband communication satellite utilizing five frequency bands. Ka (30/20 GHz), Ku (14/12 GHz), C (6/4 GHz), S (2.6/2.5 GHz), and L (1.6/1.5 GHz). Seven beam configurations have been created, including three multibeams, three shaped beams, and a circular single beam. The authors present feasibility studies on three kinds of frequency selective surfaces, the key technology for constructing this satellite. One is a novel frequency-selective subreflector with two separate focal feed positions. The others are planar frequency selective surfaces specified with low losses and wide reflection bandwidths. Measured data suggest the reliable achievement of low-loss frequency sharing and the possibility of realizing an advanced communication satellite.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>