gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable bit rate vector quantization of video images for packet-switched networks (2003)

The authors investigate a novel vector-quantized compression strategy that provides guaranteed image quality with variable bit rate and show its applicability to packet-switched networks. This preliminary study indicates that significant improvements in both picture quality and SNR value can be achieved. The technique can be refined by reducing the number of overhead bits for each block and by separating coding schemes and high/low detail thresholds for each block size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic Response of the Fine Wire Psychrometer for Direct Measurement of Water Vapor Flux (1986)

For the measurement of humidity fluctuation in the atmospheric boundary layer, a wet- and dry-bulb ther-mocouple psychrometer has been used traditionally. However, in the direct measurement of water vapor flux with the eddy correlation method, errors are caused by its slow response to humidity fluctuations. The error in the water vapor flux measurement with psychrometer was studied on the dynamic response equation of wet- and dry-bulb thermometers. A new method of correction is presented for the scorer response of a fine wire psychrometer with variable time constants with fluctuating wind speed.
[Coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass in 200 patients]. (2000)

Off pump CABG can be performed safely and effectively in both high risk and low risk patients with coronary artery disease. Refinement of surgical technique and equipment will make this procedure more useful.
A Stroll Down Tunxi’s Old Street (1998)

BEFORE I went to Tunxi in Huangshan City, Anhui Province, a friend said to me You can’t not go to the Old Street. Take a walk through it and you’ll get a marvelous feeling. But he didn’t tell me how wonderful it was. In my imagination, Tunxi was a small sleepy town nestled among verdant mountains, quiet and idyllic.
Trajectory tracking with collision avoidance for nonholonomic vehicles with acceleration constraints and limited sensing (2014)

Nowadays, autonomously operated nonholonomic vehicles are employed in a wide range of applications, ranging from relatively simple household chores (e.g. carpet vacuuming and lawn mowing) to highly sophisticated assignments (e.g. outer space exploration and combat missions). Each application may require different levels of accuracy and capabilities from the vehicles, yet, all expect the same critical outcome: to safely complete the task while avoiding collisions with obstacles and the environment. Herein, we report on a bounded control law for nonholonomic systems of unicycle-type that satisfactorily drive a vehicle along a desired trajectory while guaranteeing a minimum safe distance from another vehicle or obstacle at all times. The control law is comprised of two parts. The first is a trajectory tracking and set-point stabilization control law that accounts for the vehicle’s kinematic and dynamic constraints (i.e. restrictions on velocity and acceleration). We show that the bounded tracking control law enforces global asymptotic convergence to the desired trajectory and local exponential stability of the full state vector in the case of set-point stabilization. The second part is a real-time avoidance control law that guarantees collision-free transit for the vehicle in noncooperative and cooperative scenarios independently of bounded uncertainties and errors in the obstacles’ detection process. The avoidance control acts locally, meaning that it is only active when an obstacle is close and null when the obstacle is safely away. Moreover, the avoidance control is designed according to the vehicle’s acceleration limits to compensate for lags in the vehicle’s reaction time. The performance of the synthesized control law is then evaluated and validated via simulation and experimental tests.
Functionalized Flavin Receptors. Regulation of Redox Properties of 6-Azaflavin via Hydrogen Bondings with Melamine Derivatives Bearing Guanidinium Ion(s) in Organic Solvents (1999)

Melamine derivatives bearing guanidinium ion(s) were synthesized as a flavin receptor using hydrogen bonds. The receptors bind 6-aza-10-dodecylisoalloxazine (6-azaflavin, 6-AzaFl) quite strongly via five or seven hydrogen bonds in CHCl3 or CHCl3−MeCN. Redox potentials of 6-AzaFl were considerably affected by hydrogen bondings of the receptors (positive shift: ΔE1/2 = 220−317 mV). Anionic semiquinone radical of 6-AzaFl was found to be stabilized by hydrogen bondings with a melamine derivative bearing an N-phenylguanidinium ion or two guanidinium ions. Effects of the hydrogen bondings on the oxidation activity of 6-AzaFl were kinetically investigated for the oxidation of N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) and PhSH in CHCl3−MeCN under anaerobic conditions. It was found that the N(1)−hydrogen bonding facilitates a slight BNAH oxidation (<10-fold) and the N(5)−hydrogen bonding remarkably accelerates the rate of PhSH oxidation (103−104-fold).
Adjustable Model-Based Fusion Method for Multispectral and Panchromatic Images (2012)

In this paper, an adjustable model-based image fusion method for multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) images is developed. The relationships of the desired high spatial resolution (HR) MS images to the observed low-spatial-resolution MS images and HR PAN image are formulated with image observation models. The maximum a posteriori framework is employed to describe the inverse problem of image fusion. By choosing particular probability density functions, the fused HR MS images are solved using a gradient descent algorithm. In particular, two functions are defined to adaptively determine most regularization parameters using the partially fused results at each iteration, retaining one parameter to adjust the tradeoff between the enhancement of spatial information and the maintenance of spectral information. The proposed method has been tested using QuickBird and IKONOS images and compared to several known fusion methods using quantitative evaluation indices. The experimental results verify the efficacy of this method.
A realization of a real filter based on a complex filter (1997)

In this paper, we investigate a method of using active RC circuits to realize a complex coefficient transfer function with bandpass characteristics that can be obtained by shifting the poles of a real coefficient low-pass transfer function in the direction of the frequency axis. Complex signals and the signal path were divided into real and imaginary parts, and the imaginary resistance component was simulated by a leapfrog configuration method. We configured a complex active RC filter using a small number of operational amplifiers and attempted to construct a high-frequency filter by compensating the finite gain bandwidth product. Finally, a sixth-order bandpass filter was configured and experiments were performed. The element sensitivity was estimated using a computer and the validity of the proposed method was shown. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 80(8): 87–94, 1997
Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine (1986)

Journal Article Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine Get access Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine, M. S. J. Pathy (Ed.), John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1985, 1323 pp., $95.00 (hardcover). Journal of Gerontology, Volume 41, Issue 6, November 1986, Pages 802–803, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/41.6.802a Published: 01 November 1986
Identification of some intermediates in the titanocene-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of primary organosilanes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of some intermediates in the titanocene-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of primary organosilanesClare T. Aitken, John F. Harrod, and Edmond. SamuelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 14, 4059–4066Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00274a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00274a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views831Altmetric-Citations211LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Seamless stitching of stereo images for generating infinite panoramas (2013)

A stereo infinite panorama is a panoramic image that may be infinitely extended by continuously stitching together stereo images that depict similar scenes, but are taken from different geographic locations. It can be used to create interesting walkthrough environment. An important issue underlying this application is to seamlessly stitch two stereo images together. Although many methods have been proposed for stitching 2D images, they may not work well on stereo images, due to the difficulty in ensuring disparity consistency. In this paper, we propose a novel method to stitch two stereo images seamlessly. We first apply the graph cut algorithm to compute a seam for stitching, with a novel disparity-aware energy function to both ensure disparity continuity and suppress visual artifacts around the seam. We then apply a modified warping-based disparity scaling algorithm to suppress the seam in depth domain. Experiments show that our stitching method is capable of producing high quality stereo infinite panoramas.
Re-aerosolization of<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>spores from concrete and turf (2017)

Following the malicious and/or accidental release of an aerosol of Bacillus anthracis spores, the immediate risk of human inhalation would decrease as the spores were deposited on surfaces or diluted by wind flow. There is, however, a concern that the deposited spores could become re-aerosolized and so present an ongoing hazard. Using an accurate simulant for B. anthracis spores a method is reported here that allowed the enumeration of re-aerosolized spores from concrete and turf by wind flow and footfall. Under the conditions used, the rates of re-aerosolization were low. These findings will need to be verified under real outdoor conditions before the true significance in terms of secondary exposure to pathogenic spores can be assessed.
Identification and Characterization of Mutations in the <i>UPF1</i> Gene That Affect Nonsense Suppression and the Formation of the Upf Protein Complex but Not mRNA Turnover (1996)

To understand the relationship between translation and mRNA decay, we have been studying how premature translation termination accelerates the degradation of mRNAs. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Upf1 protein (Upf1p), which contains a cysteine- and histidine-rich region and nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis and helicase motifs, was shown to be a trans-acting factor in this decay pathway. A UPF1 gene disruption results in the stabilization of nonsense-containing mRNAs and leads to a nonsense suppression phenotype. Biochemical analysis of the wild-type Upf1p demonstrated that it has RNA-dependent ATPase, RNA helicase, and RNA binding activities. In the work described in the accompanying paper (Y. Weng, K. Czaplinski, and S. W. Peltz, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:5477-5490, 1996) mutations in the helicase region of Upf1p that inactivated its mRNA decay function but prevented suppression of leu2-2 and tyr7-1 nonsense alleles are identified. On the basis of these results, we suggested that Upf1p is a multifunctional protein involved in modulating mRNA decay and translation termination at nonsense codons. If this is true, we predict that UPF1 mutations with the converse phenotype should be identified. In this report, we describe the identification and biochemical characterization of mutations in the amino-terminal cysteine- and histidine-rich region of Upf1p that have normal nonsense-mediated mRNA decay activities but are able to suppress leu2-2 and tyr7-1 nonsense alleles. Biochemical characterization of these mutant proteins demonstrated that they have altered RNA binding properties. Furthermore, using the two-hybrid system, we characterized the Upf1p-Upf2p interactions and demonstrated that Upf2p interacts with Upf3p. Mutations in the cysteine- and histidine-rich region of Upf1p abolish Upf1p-Upf2p interaction. On the basis of these results, the role of the Upf complex in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and nonsense suppression is discussed.
Characteristics of Superjunction Lateral-Double-Diffusion Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor and Degradation after Electrical Stress (2006)

The superjunction lateral double diffusion metal oxide semiconductor field effect has recently received considerable attention. Introducing heavily doped p-type strips to the n-type drift region increases the horizontal depletion capability. Consequently, the doping concentration of the drift region is higher and the conduction resistance is lower than those of conventional lateral-double-diffusion metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (LDMOSFETs). These characteristics may increase breakdown voltage (BV) and reduce specific on-resistance (Ron,sp). In this study, we focus on the electrical characteristics of conventional LDMOSFETs on silicon bulk, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) LDMOSFETs and superjunction LDMOSFETs after bias stress. Additionally, the BV and Ron,sp of superjunction LDMOSFETs with different N/P drift region widths and different dosages are discussed. Simulation tools, including two-dimensional (2-D) TSPREM-4/MEDICI and three-dimensional (3-D) DAVINCI, were employed to determine the device characteristics.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Induced Orthogonal Growth of Polyethylene Single Crystals at a Curved Liquid/Liquid Interface (2014)

We report herein single-walled carbon nanotube-induced polyethylene crystallization at the curved liquid/liquid interface. A Pickering emulsion system comprised of polyethylene (PE)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)/1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB)/water is formed using probe sonication at an elevated temperature. SWCNTs are used as the Pickering agents, and they are bent into nanosized rings by the curved DCB/water interface. Upon cooling, PE crystallizes onto SWCNTs, forming kebab single crystals, and the PE lamellae are orthogonal to the DCB/water interface. The unique structure resembles nanohybrid shish kebab (NHSK) rings.
Protecting Privacy in Key-Value Search Systems (2006)

This paper investigates the general problem of efficiently performing key-value search at untrusted servers without loss of user privacy. Given key-value pairs from multiple owners that are stored across untrusted servers, how can a client efficiently search these pairs such that no server, on its own, can reconstruct the key-value pairs? We propose a system, called Peekaboo, that is applicable and practical to any type of key-value search while protecting both data owner privacy and client privacy. The main idea is to separate the key-value pairs across different servers. Supported by access control and user authentication, Peekaboo allows search to be performed by only authorized clients without reducing the level of user privacy.
Nanometer fluorescent hybrid silica particle as ultrasensitive and photostable biological labels (2003)

Nanometer-sized fluorescent hybrid silica (NFHS) particles were prepared for use as sensitive and photostable fluorescent probes in biological staining and diagnostics. The first step of the synthesis involves the covalent modification of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane with an organic fluorophore, such as fluorescein isothiocyanate, under N2 atmosphere for getting a fluorescent silica precursor. Then the NFHS particles, with a diameter of well below 40 nm, were prepared by controlled hydrolysis of the fluorescent silica precursor with tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) using the reverse micelle technique. The fluorophores are dispersed homogeneously in the silica network of the NFHS particles and well protected from the environmental oxygen. Furthermore, since the fluorophores are covalently bound to the silica network, there is no migration, aggregation and leakage of the fluorophores. In comparison with common single organic fluorophores, these particle probes are brighter, more stable against photobleaching and do not suffer from intermittent on/off light emission (blinking). We have used these newly developed NFHS particles as a fluorescent marker to label antibodies, using silica immobilization method, for the immunoassay of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The detection limit of this method was down to 0.05 ng mL(-1) under our current experimental conditions. We think this material would attract much attention and be applied widely in biotechnology.
Fast Computing for Distance Covariance (2014)

Distance covariance and distance correlation have been widely adopted in measuring dependence of a pair of random variables or random vectors. If the computation of distance covariance and distance correlation is implemented directly accordingly to its definition then its computational complexity is O($n^2$) which is a disadvantage compared to other faster methods. In this paper we show that the computation of distance covariance and distance correlation of real valued random variables can be implemented by an O(n log n) algorithm and this is comparable to other computationally efficient algorithms. The new formula we derive for an unbiased estimator for squared distance covariance turns out to be a U-statistic. This fact implies some nice asymptotic properties that were derived before via more complex methods. We apply the fast computing algorithm to some synthetic data. Our work will make distance correlation applicable to a much wider class of applications.
A model for assessing interference. (1987)

Most studies of analytical interference indicate the magnitude but not the type of interference. We developed a model for interference that assesses the magnitude of the following types of interference: independent of analyte concentration, dependent on analyte concentration, and a combination of the two. The experimental design for the model is an orthogonally arranged matrix with progressively increasing concentrations of analyte and interfering agent. Multiple regression with these independent variables (concentration of analyte, concentration of interfering agent, and the product of the two) is used to determine the magnitude, direction, and significance of each type of interference. Applying the model to study interference by hemoglobin with determinations of creatinine, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin showed that hemoglobin interferes with determination of creatinine independent of the analyte concentration, interferes with total bilirubin dependent on the analyte concentration, and interferes with direct bilirubin by a combination of these two.
siDirect 2.0: updated software for designing functional siRNA with reduced seed-dependent off-target effect (2009)

siDirect 2.0 provides functional, target-specific siRNA design with the updated algorithm which significantly reduces off-target silencing. When the candidate functional siRNAs could form seed-target duplexes with Tm values below 21.5 degrees C, and their 19-nt regions spanning positions 2-20 of both strands have at least two mismatches to any other non-targeted transcripts, siDirect 2.0 can design at least one qualified siRNA for >94% of human mRNA sequences in RefSeq. siDirect 2.0 is available at http://siDirect2.RNAi.jp/.
Optimised BNCT facility based on a compact D-D neutron generator (2013)

Background: Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a very promising treatment for paƟ ents suffering gliobastoma mulƟ forme, an aggressive type of brain cancer, where convenƟ onal radiaƟ on therapies fail. Thermal neutrons are suitable for the direct treatment of cancers which are located at near-Ɵ ssue-surface; deep-seated tumors need harder, epithermal neutron energy spectra. Materials and Methods: In this work a BNCT facility based on a compact D-D neutron generator, has been simulated using the MCNP4B Monte Carlo code. The materials considered, for the design of the facility, were chosen according to the EU DirecƟ ve 2002/95/EC, hence, excluded the use of cadmium and lead. Results: An extensive set of calculaƟ ons performed with MCNP4B Mote Carlo code have show that the combinaƟ on of TiF3 which integrates a conic part made of D2O, then followed by a TiF3 layer is the opƟ mum moderator design. The use of BiF3 as spectrum shiŌ er and γ rays filter, Titanium as fast neutron filter and Lithium as thermal neutron filter is necessary in order to obtain an epithermal neutron beam with high quality. Conclusion: The simulaƟ ons show that, even if the neutron flux is below the recommended value for clinical treatment, the proposed facility is a good alternaƟ ve for clinics which cannot afford to build and maintain a small nuclear reactor.
A high-resolution sensor based on tri-aural perception (1993)

The authors present a high-resolution sensor composed of three ultrasonic sensors, one transmitter/receiver and two extra receivers, which allows a significant improvement in the information-extraction process. With this sensor the position (distance and bearing) of all isolated objects in an approximately 25 degrees field of view can be determined using information contained in one single snapshot of a moderately complex scene. Within limits, the sensor system can also discriminate between different types of reflectors, in particular, walls and edges, based on their radius of curvature. These results are all based on the determination of the arrival times of the echoes present at the three receivers. A noise model that accounts for the measured variations of the arrival times is used to derive limits on the resolution of the results provided by the sensor. Based on this model it is shown that, to a large extent, the sensor results are impervious to measurement variations common to all three receivers. Results obtained in a realistic environment are compared with those obtained from a conventional time-of-flight sensor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization analysis of polymers (2008)

Introduction. 1. Characterization of Polymers. 2. Test Methods. Composition, Molar Mass and Molar Mass Distribution. 3. Molecular Weight Determination. 4. Infrared Spectroscopy. 5. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. 6. Mass Spectrometry. 7. Laser Light Scattering. 8. Chromatography, Size Exclusion. 9. Chromatography, HPLC. Structure and Morphology. 10. Morphology. 11. Surface Analysis. 12. Fractography. 13. Nondestructive Testing. 14. X-ray Microscopy. 15. Atomic Force Microscopy. 16. Scanning Force Microscopy. 17. Neutron Scattering. 18. Vibrational Spectroscopy. 19. Microscopy. Molecular Organization and Dynamics. 20. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis. 21. Rheological Measurements. 22. Crystallinity Determination. 23. Micromechanical Properties. 24. Thermal Analysis of Polymers. 25. Dielectric Relaxation. 26. Electron Spin Resonance.