gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards automating of document structure transformations (2002)

In this paper we develop a syntax-directed approach to transformation of documents from one structure to another. The aim is to automate a transformation between two grammars that have common parts, although the grammars and names of elements may differ. In an important case, called local transformations, the transformation can be performed by a finite state tree transducer. We propose a system that can generate a transformation semi-automatically if the user defines a matching between the elements containing the text of the document. Multiple possible translations from the target grammar can be restricted using a suitable heuristic function so that the transformation can be completed in a reasonable time period. From the generated transformation specification, it is possible to construct rules for a tree transducer or XSLT script automatically.
Thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen production from model compounds of bio‐oil through steam reforming (2013)

With the minimization of the Gibb's free energy, the thermodynamical analysis of the steam reforming processes for the four typical model compounds (ethanol, acetic acid, acetone, and phenol) of bio‐oil was systematically performed. In the steam reforming process, the four model compounds can be completely converted. The higher hydrogen yields of the four compounds were obtained via steam reforming than via thermal decomposition. The hydrogen yields first increased and then remained constant and even decreased with temperature, monotonically decreased with the pressure increase, and obviously increased with the steam to carbon ratio. As the steam to carbon ratio rose, the temperatures of the maximum hydrogen yields move afterward to low temperature. When the S/C ratio was 6, the increase rate of hydrogen was decreased. In the co‐existence of CaO/CO 2 /H 2 O, the reaction between CaO and CO 2 was dominant to the reaction between CaO and H 2 O. By adding CaO, a CO 2 sorbent in the steam reforming system, both the yields and the concentration of hydrogen were obviously more pronounced than the processes without CaO. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 1008–1016, 2014
Self-Healing Composites: Shape Memory Polymer Based Structures (2014)

In this book, the self-healing of composite structures with shape memory polymer as either matrix or embedded suture is systematically discussed. Self-healing has been well known in biological systems for many years: a typical example is the self-healing of human skin. Whilst a minor wound can be self-closed by blood clotting, a deep and wide cut needs external help by suturing. Inspired by this observation, this book proposes a two-step close-then-heal (CTH) scheme for healing wide-opened cracks in composite structures-by constrained shape recovery first, followed by molecular healing. It is demonstrated that the CTH scheme can heal wide-opened structural cracks repeatedly, efficiently, timely, and molecularly. It is believed that self-healing represents the next-generation technology and will become an engineering reality in the near future. The book consists of both fundamental background and practical skills for implementing the CTH scheme, with additional focus on understanding strain memory versus stress memory and healing efficiency evaluation under various fracture modes. Potential applications to civil engineering structures, including sealant for bridge decks and concrete pavements, and rutting resistant asphalt pavements, are also explored. This book will help readers to understand this emerging field, and to establish a framework for new innovation in this direction. Key features: explores potential applications of shape memory polymers in civil engineering structures, which is believed to be unique within the literature balanced testing and mathematical modeling, useful for both academic researchers and practitioners the self-healing scheme is based on physical change of polymers and is written in an easy to understand style for engineering professionals without a strong background in chemistry
Nerve Regenerative Effects of GABA-B Ligands in a Model of Neuropathic Pain (2014)

Neuropathic pain arises as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the peripheral somatosensory system. It may be associated with allodynia and increased pain sensitivity. Few studies correlated neuropathic pain with nerve morphology and myelin proteins expression. Our aim was to test if neuropathic pain is related to nerve degeneration, speculating whether the modulation of peripheral GABA-B receptors may promote nerve regeneration and decrease neuropathic pain. We used the partial sciatic ligation- (PSL-) induced neuropathic model. The biochemical, morphological, and behavioural outcomes of sciatic nerve were analysed following GABA-B ligands treatments. Simultaneous 7-days coadministration of baclofen (10 mg/kg) and CGP56433 (3 mg/kg) alters tactile hypersensitivity. Concomitantly, specific changes of peripheral nerve morphology, nerve structure, and myelin proteins (P0 and PMP22) expression were observed. Nerve macrophage recruitment decreased and step coordination was improved. The PSL-induced changes in nociception correlate with altered nerve morphology and myelin protein expression. Peripheral synergic effects, via GABA-B receptor activation, promote nerve regeneration and likely ameliorate neuropathic pain.
MONOETHYLGLYCINEXYLIDE (MEGX) FORMATION AND ARTERIAL KETONE BODY RATIO (AKBR) CAN DISTINGUISH HUMAN FROM PORCINE HEPATOCYTE FUNCTION (1996)

Watanabe, F D; Chen, S; Eguchi, S; Wang, C C; Hewitt, W; Beeker, T; Rodriguez, O; Kahaku, E; Demetriou, A A; Rozga, J Author Information
Production Counting Using a Computer Network (1976)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / September 28-30, 1976 / Hyatt House Hotel, Los Angeles, California
Baker’s Yeast Reduction of <i>α</i>-(Acylamino)acetophenones and Lipase Catalyzed Resolution of 2-Acylamino-1-arylethanols (1993)

Abstract Enzymatic reduction of α-acylaminoacetophenones with fermenting baker’s yeast afforded optically active (R)-2-acylamino-1-arylethanols. Furthermore, lipase-catalyzed resolution of the 2-acylamino-1-arylethanols using vinyl acetate as an acyl donor resulted in the formation of (S)-1-acetoxy-2-acylamino-1-arylethanols and (R)-2-acylamino-1-arylethanols.
Effect of polymer-insulating nanolayers on electron injection in polymer light-emitting diodes (2004)

We report the effect of polymer-insulating nanolayers on electron injection in the polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) in which a hole is the major charge carrier. Several different polymer nanolayers with varying dielectric constants were placed between the emitting layer and the aluminum cathode, and their influence on the device performance was investigated. The device with a nanolayer of lower dielectric constant demonstrated higher luminescence quantum efficiency. In particular, when a ∼10-nm-thick polystyrene layer was employed, the device gave approximately two orders of magnitude higher external quantum efficiency than that of the one without an insulating nanolayer.
A study on the correlation of G-protein-coupled receptor types with amino acid composition (2002)

G-protein-coupled receptors have become a target in utilizing bioinformatics and genomics technology to facilitate drug discovery for psychiatric diseases. In this study the covariant-discriminant algorithm [Chou and Elrod (1999) Protein Eng., 12, 107-118] has been used to analyze the correlation between the types of G-protein-coupled receptors and the amino acid composition. It has been found that different types of G-protein-coupled receptors are quite closely correlated with the amino acid composition, implying that the types of G-protein-coupled receptors are predictable to a considerably accurate extent if a good training data set can be established for that purpose. The method derived here can be also used to do preliminary classification of orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. This will significantly expedite the process of identifying proper G-protein-coupled receptors for drug discovery.
Mulberry (桑葚子 Sang Shèn Zǐ) and its Bioactive Compounds, the Chemoprevention Effects and Molecular Mechanisms In Vitro and In Vivo (2013)

Mulberry ( sāng shèn zǐ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Taiwan, has many bioactive substances, including polyphenol and anthocyanins compounds. Over the past decade, many scientific and medical studies have examined mulberry fruit for its antioxidation and antiinflammation effects both in vitro and in vivo. This review thus focuses on the recent advances of mulberry extracts (MEs) and their applications in the prevention and treatment of human cancer, liver disease, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The ME modulates several apoptotic pathways and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to block cancer progression. Mulberry can increase detoxicated and antioxidant enzyme activities and regulate the lipid metabolism to treat hepatic disease resulting from alcohol consumption, high fat diet, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and CCl4 exposure. Of the various compounds in ME, cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) is the most abundant, and the active compound studied in mulberry research. Herein, the antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions of C3G to improve diabetes and cardiovascular disease are also discussed. These studies provide strong evidence ME may possess the bioactivity to affect the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases.
Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate the immune response in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model (2016)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that disrupts the myelin sheath, leading to dysfunction of the brain and spinal cord. No curative treatment is known for MS. Mesenchymal stem cells, through their immunomodulatory effects, represent a promising therapeutic approach for MS. The aim of this article is to explore the impact of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) on chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS when injected after a disease entered an irreversible clinical course. Forty-one female albino rats were classified into the following groups: I: control, II: EAE-untreated, III and IV: EAE treated with PBS at 15 and 25 days postimmunization (dpi), respectively, V and VI: EAE treated with ASCs at 15 and 25 dpi, respectively. Intravenous administration of ASCs at 15 or 25 dpi significantly ameliorates the disease course and decreases the immune cell infiltration, vascular congestion and axonal loss of the gray and white matters of cerebral cortex. ASCs treatment induced a Th2 shift of the immune response and downregulation of IL-17 levels. We also found an engraftment of the ASCs into the lymph nodes and the brains up to 25 days after injection. The important finding was that human HLA-G gene was significantly expressed in lymph nodes and brains of rats treated with ASCs. Transplantation of human ASCs has demonstrated striking therapeutic effects and unique immunomodulatory capacities when delivered at the peak or later in the course of the disease in EAE rats. Interestingly, ASCs injection at the peak of EAE had better effects than those injected after disease stabilization. We first determined that the immunomodulatory properties of ASCs in the brain are explained, at least in part, by the ability of ASCs to express HLA-G.
A placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine in the treatment of major depression. (1992)

Paroxetine is a phenylpiperidine compound that selectively inhibits neuronal serotonin uptake in man. In this study, the efficacy of paroxetine was compared with that of placebo in the treatment of 66 outpatients with the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe major depression. The research was a 6-week, prospective, double-blind design after a 1-week placebo baseline phase. Paroxetine was associated with a consistent pattern of greater improvement on the primary efficacy scales, but the differences were not statistically significant. Paroxetine did produce significantly greater improvement than placebo for patients whose illness had lasted more than 1 year, and there was a significant reduction in suicidal ideation. Significantly fewer dropouts were due to lack of efficacy in those patients treated with paroxetine compared with those in the placebo group. Paroxetine was well tolerated. There was no difference between paroxetine and placebo in the rate of adverse effects or in the number of patients who dropped out because of adverse effects.
Neurophysiology of Epilepsy (1978)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Novel drain-less multi-gate pHEMT for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in GaAs technology (2013)

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structures in GaAs HEMT technology are commonly constructed using either stacked Schottky diode or Single-Gate clamp. Dual-gate pHEMT clamp was also recently reported for its better ESD robustness performance. This paper further develops an improved ESD protection clamp based on a novel drainless, multi-gate pHEMT in 0.5um GaAs pHEMT technology. With similar layout area, the proposed ESD protection clamp can carry much higher current handling ability (5.2-A “It2”, roughly 7.8-kV HBM ESD level) than both the conventional single-gate pHEMT clamp and recently reported dual-gate pHEMT clamp under the human body model (HBM) stress.
Power-oscillator based high efficiency inductive power-link for transcutaneous power transmission (2010)

Transcutaneous power transmission is a critical issue for long term reliable operation of implantable systems. This paper reports a power-oscillator based inductive power link to power up any implantable unit inside the human body. Instead of using power amplifier which requires high drive requirement, two power-oscillator based inductive powering schemes have been presented to achieve high link efficiency. The first scheme utilizes a class-E power oscillator whereas the second scheme uses a differential cross-coupled power oscillator to drive the inductive link. Resonant inductive link has been used to achieve better link efficiency. Simulation results indicate that for a coupling coefficient of 0.45, the class-E power-oscillator based scheme shows a link efficiency of 66% and the differential cross-coupled power-oscillator based scheme shows more than 90% link efficiency. The system has been designed using 0.5-μm standard CMOS process and both of the systems can handle more than 10 mW of power which is adequate for safe operation of biomedical implants.
Fast reversed-phase liquid chromatography to reduce back exchange and increase throughput in H/D exchange monitored by FT-ICR mass spectrometry (2008)

In solution-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX), it is essential to minimize the back-exchange level of H for D after the exchange has been quenched, to accurately assign protein conformation and protein-protein or protein-ligand interactions. Reversed-phase HPLC is conducted at low pH and low temperature to desalt and separate proteolytic fragments. However, back exchange averages roughly 30% because of the long exposure to H(2)O in the mobile phase. In this report, we first show that there is no significant backbone amide hydrogen back exchange during quench and digestion; backbone exchange occurs primarily during subsequent liquid chromatography separation. We then show that a rapid reversed-phase separation reduces back exchange for HDX by at least 25%, resulting from the dramatically reduced retention time of the peptide fragments on the column. The influence of retention time on back exchange was also evaluated. The rapid separation coupled with high-resolution FT-ICR MS at 14.5 T provides high amino acid sequence coverage, high sample throughput, and high reproducibility and reliability.
Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase regulates cytoplasmic pH in Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites (1998)

Cytoplasmic pH (pHi) regulation was studied in Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites by using the fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. Their mean baseline pHi (7.07+/-0.06; n=5) was not significantly affected in the absence of extracellular Na+, K+ or HCO3(-) but was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner by low concentrations of N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide (DCCD), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or bafilomycin A1. Bafilomycin A1 also inhibited the recovery of tachyzoite pHi after an acid load with sodium propionate. Similar concentrations of DCCD, NEM and bafilomycin A1 produced depolarization of the plasma membrane potential as measured with bis-(1,3-diethylthiobarbituric)trimethineoxonol (bisoxonol), and DCCD prevented the hyperpolarization that accompanies acid extrusion after the addition of propionate, in agreement with the electrogenic nature of this pump. Confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that, in addition to being located in cytoplasmic vacuoles, the vacuolar (V)-H+-ATPase of T. gondii tachyzoites is also located in the plasma membrane. Surface localization of the V-H+-ATPase was confirmed by experiments using biotinylation of cell surface proteins and immunoprecipitation with antibodies against V-H+-ATPases. Taken together, the results are consistent with the presence of a functional V-H+-ATPase in the plasma membrane of these intracellular parasites and with an important role of this enzyme in the regulation of pHi homoeostasis in these cells.
Transmembrane TNF Induces an Efficient Cell-Mediated Immunity and Resistance to <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Infection in the Absence of Secreted TNF and Lymphotoxin-α (2002)

The contribution of a transmembrane (Tm) form of TNF to protective immunity against Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was studied in transgenic (tg) mice expressing a noncleavable Tm TNF but lacking the TNF/lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha) locus (Tm TNF tg mice). These mice were as resistant to BCG infection as wild-type mice, whereas TNF/LT-alpha(-/-), TNF(-/-), and LT-alpha(-/-) mice succumbed. Tm TNF tg mice developed granulomas of smaller size but at 2- to 4-fold increased frequencies compared with wild-type mice. Granulomas were mainly formed by monocytes and activated macrophages expressing Tm TNF mRNA and accumulating acid phosphatase. NO synthase 2 activation as a key macrophage bactericidal mechanism was low during the acute phase of infection in Tm TNF tg mice but was still sufficient to limit bacterial growth and increased in late infection. While infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis resulted in very rapid death of TNF/LT-alpha(-/-) mice, it also resulted in survival of Tm TNF tg mice which presented an increase in the number of CFU in spleen (5-fold) and lungs (10-fold) as compared with bacterial load of wild-type mice. In conclusion, the Tm form of TNF induces an efficient cell-mediated immunity and total resistance against BCG even in the absence of LT-alpha and secreted TNF. However, Tm TNF-mediated protection against virulent M. tuberculosis infection can also be efficient but not as strong as in BCG infection, in which cognate cellular interactions may play a more predominant role in providing long-term surveillance and containment of BCG-infected macrophages.
Dynamic Load Balancing of Short Videos in Heterogeneous Storage Environment (2010)

Abstract — Performance of storage system has great impact on overall performance of I/O intensive systems. Data distribution across storage devices affects storage performance directly. Data migration can degrade system performance. This paper focuses on data placement issue in heterogeneous tiers of storage devices storing YouTube videos. In addition to storage capability and current workload, our data placement algorithm also takes into account future workload. Future workload is estimated from video’s characteristics. Workload in all storage tiers is dynamically adjusted to achieve balance at all times. Four data placement algorithms were used to distribute 16,314 videos across 3-tier storage system in the experiment. The proposed algorithm resulted in a more balance workload distribution compared to round robin and random algorithms. Index Terms — data placement, heterogeneous storage system, YouTube, short videos I.
Growth of Primary Hippocampal Neuronal Tissue on an Aragonite Crystalline Biomatrix (2005)

Tissue-like structures of hippocampal neurons were established in a crystalline three-dimensional (3D) aragonite biomatrix obtained from the exoskeleton of the coral Porites lutea. Cultures were maintained in vitro for up to 5 weeks. Cell viability and regeneration of neuronal properties were studied by immunocytochemical methods, light microscopy image analysis techniques, and scanning electron microscopy. Some portions of the cell population acquired the morphological characteristics of hippocampal pyramidal or granule neurons with axons and dendrites extending in a 3D manner along the surfaces of the crystalline biomatrix. The neurons usually grew on a sheet of glial cells. Within the pore void areas, multiple layers of neurons were formed, many of the neurons growing with no attachment to the crystalline surfaces. The neurons developed mature synaptic connections, with presynaptic sites expressing the synaptic vesicle protein 2 and postsynaptic sites having the shape of dendritic spines and expressing type 1 glutamate receptors, as these cells do under conventional culture conditions. The findings of the present study suggest that neuronal networks growing in a strong 3D aragonite support may find application as tissue replacement material for the central nervous system.
MBE growth and optical properties of ZnO on GaAs(111) substrates (2004)

Abstract Hexagonal ZnO layers were grown by plasma assisted MBE on GaAs(111)B substrates. The substrate was chemically etched and no buffer layer was introduced. The epitaxial orientation relationships was ZnO(0001)//GaAs(111) and ZnO[11–20]//GaAs[01–1]. The layer–substrate interface was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation, and 2–3 monolayer thick contrast band was found at the interface. The lattice constant c was smaller than that of bulk ZnO and changed systematically with the layer thickness. Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra was dominated by a donor bund exciton band at 3.360 eV. Another bound exciton band was found around 3.330 eV. The relative intensity of the PL bands changed with growth conditions. PL peak energies became smaller as the lattice constant c became smaller. The lattice strain dependence of the exciton energy was derived.
A floorplan-based planning methodology for power and clock distribution in ASICs [CMOS technology] (2003)

In deep submicron technology, IR-drop and clock skew issues become more crucial to the functionality of chip. This paper presents a floorplan-based power and clock distribution methodology for ASIC design. From the floorplan and the estimated power consumption, the power network size is determined at an early design stage. Next, without detailed gate-level netlist, clock interconnect sizing, the number and strength of clock buffers are planned for balanced clock distribution. This early planning methodology at the full-chip level enables us to fix the global interconnect issues before the detailed layout composition is started.