gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft Magnetic Films by Electroless Ni‐Co‐P Plating (1995)

An electroless Ni‐Co‐P plating solution was developed for preparing soft magnetic thin films. In this plating process, the optimum bath composition and operating condition were obtained by investigating the effect of operating conditions on deposition rate, film composition, and magnetic properties. Soft magnetic films with low coercive force (lower than ) and high squareness (higher than 0.8) were prepared from these electroless Ni‐Co‐P plating processes. The alloy film deposited from the optimum bath condition consists of fine‐particulated crystallites.
Comparative Evaluation of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays Based on Crude and Recombinant Leishmanial Antigens for Serodiagnosis of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic <i>Leishmania infantum</i> Visceral Infections in Dogs (2007)

The diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis remains difficult in rural areas where the disease is endemic, and serologic methods still need assessment, as they are not very sensitive for the detection of asymptomatic infectious dogs. Here we present data on the development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based methods for the detection of antibodies against recombinant leishmanial antigens (namely, the recombinant K26 [rK26] and rK39 antigens from Leishmania infantum and the rA2 protein from Leishmania donovani) in comparison to ELISAs employing crude soluble antigen (CSA). The assays utilized sera from known negative controls (n=25) and clinically asymptomatic (n=50) and symptomatic (n=50) dogs with confirmed L. infantum infections. Additional studies were also done using sera from animals harboring other infections (n=14) for the evaluation of cross-reactivity. Our study indicated that rK26 and rK39 used in ELISAs provided very high sensitivities for the detection of symptomatic dogs (94% and 100%, respectively), followed by CSA (88%) and rA2 (70%). Conversely, rA2 was more sensitive for asymptomatic dogs (88%) than rK39 and rK26 (both 66%) and CSA (30%). Some cross-reactivity in sera from dogs with other infections (Leishmania braziliensis and Leptospira interrogans) was identified, but the rA2 protein provided the greatest specificity (98%). Data further indicate that all three recombinant proteins must be used in parallel to detect essentially all infected dogs. Efforts should be made to develop a cheap and reliable serologic test based on epitope selection from these diagnostic markers for the sensitive detection of L. infantum-infected dogs.
The <i>flat-top</i> gene is required for the expansion and regionalization of the telencephalic primordium (1999)

The telencephalic vesicles form in the mouse embryo by the expansion of precursor regions in the anterior neural tube. Once the vesicles have formed, discrete dorsal and ventral territories can be recognized that later give rise to cortical and subcortical structures, respectively. To investigate the mechanisms that regulate the expansion and regionalization of the telencephalon, we have carried out a screen to identify recessive mutations that disrupt these events. We isolated a mouse mutant in which an early and critical step in development of the telencephalic vesicles is disrupted. Telencephalic primordia are present in flat-top embryos but they fail to progress to form the telencephalic vesicles. An increased rate of proliferation in the forebrain neurectoderm that accompanies telencephalic expansion in wild-type embryos fails to occur in flat-top embryos. Regionalization events that would normally take place during expansion of the primordia also fail to occur. Thus the phenotype of the flat-top mouse reveals that outgrowth of the telencephalic vesicles and their regionalization are coupled processes.
Modified open-door laminoplasty for treatment of neurological deficits in younger patients with congenital spinal stenosis: analysis of clinical and radiographic data (1999)

Modified open-door laminoplasty with allograft bone and titanium miniplates effectively treats neurological deficits in younger patients with congenital and spinal stenosis. Although long-term results are unknown, short-term results are good and there is a low incidence of complications.
Efficient Methods for Incorporating Knowledge into Topic Models (2015)

Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is a popular topic modeling technique for exploring hidden topics in text corpora. Increasingly, topic modeling needs to scale to larger topic spaces and use richer forms of prior knowledge, such as word correlations or document labels. However, inference is cumbersome for LDA models with prior knowledge. As a result, LDA models that use prior knowledge only work in small-scale scenarios. In this work, we propose a factor graph framework, Sparse Constrained LDA (SC-LDA), for efficiently incorporating prior knowledge into LDA. We evaluate SC-LDA's ability to incorporate word correlation knowledge and document label knowledge on three benchmark datasets. Compared to several baseline methods, SC-LDA achieves comparable performance but is significantly faster.
Polychloromethylstyrene microspheres: Synthesis and characterization (1991)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of polychloromethylstyrene microspheres are described. The effect of various factors, e.g., monomer concentration, surfactant concentration, solvents, crosslinker, etc., on the yield, diameter, and size distribution of these microspheres was elucidated. Conditions to covalently bind various primary amino ligands to these microspheres in aqueous solution were also established. The possible routes to modify the surface of these microspheres to obtain functional groups other than chloromethyl are discussed.
CMOS gas sensors and smart devices (2003)

In this paper we review developments in the last decade towards making silicon-based gas sensors and smart sensor systems. A range of different transduction principles is considered and the technologies that underpin them. We also examine the need for a smart interface. Sensor interfaces usually take the form of electronic circuitry and so we discuss the possibility of making low-cost, integrated gas sensors using CMOS technology. This approach naturally leads, in to the description of smart devices and interfaces both for on-chip compensation of some of the "curses of chemical sensors" namely, environmental stability (sensitivity to ambient temperature, humidity etc.), and poisoning. However, in its wider sense there may be the need to interface, say, a high-pressure microfluidic system in a complex micro-GC unit or a high-voltage ion source in a quadrupole micro-MS. We complete our review progress in analytical instruments-on-a-chip.
A 0.6-V 13-bit 20-MS/s Two-Step TDC-Assisted SAR ADC With PVT Tracking and Speed-Enhanced Techniques (2019)

This article presents a low power-supplied 13-bit 20-MS/s time-to-digital converter (TDC)-assisted successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In this hybrid architecture, the voltage-to-time converter (VTC) and TDC realize an inherent process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) robustness by inner tracking, thus inducing no extra power and circuit overheads. The voltage-domain and time-domain speed-enhanced techniques accelerate the first- and second-stage ADC conversions under a low power supply, respectively. Furthermore, in cooperation with a detect-and-skip switching scheme in the SAR ADC and an offset bit-shifting scheme in the two-step TDC, the ADC achieves linearity of 13 bit. The prototype ADC was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process with a 0.6-V power supply, achieving a 71.0-dB signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) and an 89.5-dB spurious-free dynamic range with a Nyquist input at 20 MS/s, while exhibiting a Schreier figure-of-merit (FoM) of 181.9 dB. The ADC presents a sub-1-dB SNDR drop across a temperature range of −50 to 90 °C and ±5% power-supply variation.
Quantification of Electromyographic Activity During Sleep: A Phasic Electromyographic Metric (2006)

Recording of electromyographic (EMG) activity is considered essential for defining rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and for quantifying certain types of movements in sleep, such as periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS). However, routine analyses of EMG activity beyond such purposes is performed rarely and quantified seldom, and normative data are lacking. In this study, the authors examined systematic application of a visual scoring system for short-duration (approximately 100-millisecond) phasic EMG activity recorded from five different muscle groups (submentalis, left/right anterior tibialis, left/right brachioradialis) recorded from two different age groups of normal subjects and a group of patients with Parkinson's disease. Quantification of this activity was labeled as a phasic electromyographic metric (PEM). PEM data were compiled separately by REM and non-REM sleep. Results indicated that PEM is a normal part of REM sleep in all muscle groups, more specifically constituting about 5% (SD = 3.1%) of 2.5-second intervals of REM sleep in the mentalis in healthy young adults. It occurs at higher rates in patients with Parkinson's disease, and its quantification in the legs may be influenced to some degree by the presence of PLMS. PEM may be a useful metric amenable to quantification with digital techniques. It may have particular relevance for the identification of neurodegenerative conditions in which disinhibition of midbrain dopaminergic pathways results in excessive motor discharge during sleep.
Carbene-Catalyzed Indole 3-Methyl C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H Bond Functionalization (2017)

The metal-free catalytic functionalization of aromatic sp<sup>2</sup>-carbons and benzylic sp<sup>3</sup>-carbons remains challenging. Here we report a carbene-catalyzed functionalization of the 3-methyl sp<sup>3</sup>-carbon attached to 2-formyl-indoles. The reaction proceeds through an NHC-bound o-quinodimethane as the key intermediate generated from 2-formyl-3-methylindoles under oxidative conditions. Reactive ketones are found to be effective substrates to produce substituted hydropyrano[3,4-b]indoles in good to excellent yields.
The Depletion of Carbon Dioxide from Lake Water by Phytoplankton (1976)

It has long been known that dense populations of phytoplankton tend to deplete the carbon dioxide present in natural waters, with an associated raising of pH. The ecological significance of these reactions, as possible growth-limiting or retarding factors, is far from clear. This situation is remarkable in view of the intensive study given to the relationship between rates of photosynthesis and carbon dioxide supply in some unicellular algae, the numerous measurements of carbon assimilation by phytoplankton in nature, and the attention bestowed on pH as an ecological factor. Recently a controversy has developed around the relative importance of carbon and phosphorus supply in the enrichment ('eutrophication') of inland waters (e.g. Kuentzel 1969, 1971; King 1970; Kerr, Paris & Brockway 1970; Kerr et al. 1972; Schindler 1971; Schindler et al. 1973; Goldmann et al. 1972; Goldman, Oswald & Jenkins 1974), partly sustained by a shortage of detailed information on the dynamics and availability of inorganic carbon in freshwaters. In particular, the exchange of carbon dioxide between atmosphere and water is rarely estimated, the interrelations of various forms of carbon dioxide are rarely assessed, analytical methods are usually unspecific, and the relevant physiological responses of characteristic common species of freshwater phytoplankton are largely unknown. The present work developed from observations on depletions of carbon dioxide and upward pH shifts, occasionally very pronounced, in two English lake waters. Examples are described in relation to the algal crops involved and the stratification of environmental factors. The general limnological background of these environmental events, including details of diurnal changes, will be described more fully elsewhere. Further analysis is based upon systematic laboratory measurements of photosynthetic activity in relation to episodes of algal production in nature, extended to experimental manipulations of media, population density, and time-sequences of carbon dioxide consumption. As the physiological work is based upon natural populations of known history, it is hoped that ecological inferences can be drawn without undue extrapolation between the properties of different species and different media.
Co-editor moves (1975)

On July 1, 1975, the Co-Editor of Pediatrics (R.J.H.) moved to Boston and the Harvard School of Public Health. There he will be the Roger I. Lee Professor of Public Health (Health Services and Child Health) and Head of a new department that combines the Departments of Health Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health, and Mental Health Services into the Department of Health Services Policy and Management. He will also be Professor of Pediatrics at the Harvard Medical School, working with the general pediatric and community programs at the Children's Hospital and with the primary care programs in other hospitals of the University.
Differential Assay of Human Pancreatic and Salivary<i>α</i>-Amylases with<i>p</i>-Nitrophenyl 6<sup>5</sup>-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<scp>D</scp>-Galacopyraosyl-<i>α</i>-maltopentaoside as the Substrate (1992)

p-Nitrophenyl 65-O-β-D-galactopyraosyl-α-maltopentaoside (L6G5P) was synthesized by the sequential use of the transglycosylation and hydrolytic action of β-D-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. The enzyme produced L6G5P (at a yield of 8.0% based on the amount of p-nitrophenyl α-maltopentaoside added) from lactose as the donor and p-nitrophenyl α-maltopentaoside as the acceptor. The frequency at which of human pancreatic α-amylase and salivary α-amylase catalyzed the cleavage of glycosidic linkages in L6G5P was calculated by analysis of the digests by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The modes of action of the two isozymes differed. Both hydrolyzed L6G5P and produced p-nitrophenyl α-maltoside and p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside, but human pancreatic α-amylase produced more of the latter than human salivary α-amylase. Thus, L6G5P could be used to assay of the two enzymes differentially in serum.
A 106dB SNR hybrid oversampling ADC for digital audio (2005)

A /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ ADC with a CT 1/sup st/-stage is presented. A hybrid tuning circuit adjusts the RC time constant to compensate for process, supply, and sampling rate variations. The ISI of the feedback DAC is eliminated by an RTZ scheme applied to the error current of the CT integrator. The ADC achieves 106dB SNR, -97dB THD+N, occupies 0.82mm/sup 2/ in a 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS process and dissipates 18mW.
Phase Shifters Versus Switches: An Energy Efficiency Perspective on Hybrid Beamforming (2018)

Hybrid beamforming architectures provide promising solutions to harness the benefits of massive multi-input multi-output systems by incorporating phase shifters, switches, or their combinations. This letter addresses the design of such architectures from an energy efficiency (EE) perspective. We provide closed-form expressions to compare several promising hybrid beamforming architectures, and also derive optimal numbers of antennas required for maximizing the EE. Our results indicate that the asymptotic closed-forms provide a good approximation even for a relatively small number of antennas. Moreover, the combination of phase shifters and switches offers significantly higher EE versus conventional phase shifter-only architectures, while nearly preserving spectral efficiency.
Strain specific and common pathogenic events in murine models of scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (1996)

The development of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in experimental models depends on two major factors: the intracerebral accumulation of an abnormal, protease-resistant isoform of PrP (PrPres), which is a host protein mainly expressed in neurons; and the existence of different strains of agent. In order to make a distinction between pathogenic mechanisms depending upon the accumulation of host-derived PrPres and the strain-specific effects, we quantified and compared the sequence of molecular [PrPres and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) accumulation] and pathological events in the brains of syngeneic mice throughout the course of infection with two different strains of agent. The bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent exhibits properties different from any known scrapie source and has been studied in comparison with a classical scrapie strain. Convergent kinetic data in both models confirmed the cause-effect relationship between PrPres and pathological changes and showed that PrPres accumulation is directly responsible for astrocyte activation in vivo. Moreover, we observed a threshold level of PrPres for this effect on astroglial cells. However, despite similar infectivity titres, the BSE model produced less PrPres than scrapie, and the relative importance of gliosis was higher. The comparison of the molecular and pathological features after intracerebral or intraperitoneal inoculation also revealed differences between the models. Therefore, the mechanisms leading to the targeting and the fine regulation of the molecular events seem to be independent of the host PrP and to depend upon the agent. The possible involvement of a regulatory molecule accounting for these specificities has to be considered.
Antiproliferative factor decreases Akt phosphorylation and alters gene expression via CKAP4 in T24 bladder carcinoma cells (2010)

Synthetic as-APF inhibits cell proliferation in T24 bladder carcinoma cells via the CKAP4 receptor. The mechanism for this inhibition involves regulating phosphorylation of specific cell signaling molecules (Akt, GSK3β, and β-catenin) plus mRNA and protein expression of p53 and MMP2.
A 5th order bilinear switched-current Chebyshev filter (2002)

The design and implementation results of a fifth-order Chebychev filter using switched-current or (SI) bilinear integrators are presented. The signal-flow graph of the filter is derived from an LC ladder and is composed of basic building blocks of bilinear integrators. These bilinear integrators are implemented using an SI integrator. Using a 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS4S process, simulation results of the bilinear integrator as well as the filter using CADENCE are shown, both at the schematic level and the layout level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Induction of Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis by a Ferric Carboxymaltose Copy Compared to Iron Sucrose in a Non-Clinical Model (2015)

In our rat model, ferric carboxymaltose similar had a less favourable safety profile than iron sucrose originator, adversely affecting iron deposition, oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammatory responses, with impaired liver and kidney function.
PhishAri: Automatic realtime phishing detection on twitter (2012)

With the advent of online social media, phishers have started using social networks like Twitter, Facebook, and Foursquare to spread phishing scams. Twitter is an immensely popular micro-blogging network where people post short messages of 140 characters called tweets. It has over 100 million active users who post about 200 million tweets everyday. Phishers have started using Twitter as a medium to spread phishing because of this vast information dissemination. Further, it is difficult to detect phishing on Twitter unlike emails because of the quick spread of phishing links in the network, short size of the content, and use of URL obfuscation to shorten the URL. Our technique, PhishAri, detects phishing on Twitter in realtime. We use Twitter specific features along with URL features to detect whether a tweet posted with a URL is phishing or not. Some of the Twitter specific features we use are tweet content and its characteristics like length, hashtags, and mentions. Other Twitter features used are the characteristics of the Twitter user posting the tweet such as age of the account, number of tweets, and the follower-followee ratio. These twitter specific features coupled with URL based features prove to be a strong mechanism to detect phishing tweets. We use machine learning classification techniques and detect phishing tweets with an accuracy of 92.52%. We have deployed our system for end-users by providing an easy to use Chrome browser extension. The extension works in realtime and classifies a tweet as phishing or safe. In this research, we show that we are able to detect phishing tweets at zero hour with high accuracy which is much faster than public blacklists and as well as Twitter's own defense mechanism to detect malicious content. We also performed a quick user evaluation of PhishAri in a laboratory study to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of PhishAri and showed that users like and find it convenient to use PhishAri in real-world. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first realtime, comprehensive and usable system to detect phishing on Twitter.
The influence of acetylation of Radiata pine in structural sizes on its strength properties (2005)

In much of the literature on the properties of wood that is enhanced by acetylation, the strength properties are said to be not affected. In many cases this has been measured with a flexure test, determining strength (MOR) and stiffness (MOE) of small pieces of clear wood. In the calculation of constructions, structural engineers need to work with more realistic values. In this study Radiata pine of structural sizes was tested in a 4-point flexure test according to EN 408, in order to assess MOR and MOE. Firstly, the MOE was determined non-destructive for untreated timber. Secondly, the same pieces were acetylated to 20% acetyl content. Thirdly, these pieces were tested in order to determine the MOE and MOR after treatment. The MOR and MOE of untreated Radiata pine were also determined using pieces of the same origin. The density of all test specimens was recorded as well. According to EN 338 the characteristic strength and stiffness values of (North) European softwood can be determined based on the MOR, MOE and the density. It is not clear if the same relationships can be used for (treated) Radiata pine. The verification of these relations will be subject of study in the near future using the same material as used for the four point bending tests described in this paper.
<sup>31</sup>P NMR Chemical Shifts of Carbene–Phosphinidene Adducts as an Indicator of the π‐Accepting Properties of Carbenes (2013)

Beyond the Tolman electronic parameter: The 31P NMR chemical shifts of easily synthesized carbene–phenylphosphinidene adducts allow the determination of the relative π-acceptor properties of carbenes. In combination with the Tolman electronic parameter value, the relative pure σ-donation of carbenes can also be evaluated. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.