gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Calcium and electropermeabilized cells]. (2003)

Trains of short and intense electric pulses may induce a reversible local permeabilization on the membrane of the treated cells. Hydrophilic species can then almost freely cross the envelope and either enter or escape from the cytoplasm. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possibility of introducing well defined amounts of Ca2+ ions within the cell. Chinese hamster ovary cells were used as a model system. When the pulsing buffer contained high levels of free Ca2+, the survival of cells was strongly affected. A 1 mM level was well tolerated. When cells were pulsed under moderated field conditions, it was observed that Ca2+ entered cells very rapidly (second time range). But the basic cytoplasmic level was set back spontaneously within a few minutes. The perspectives of this electrical injection are discussed for basic cell biology and high-throughput biotechnology.
Potential Difference Measurements of Ocular Surface Na<sup>+</sup>Absorption Analyzed Using an Electrokinetic Model (2005)

PD measurements coupled with model computations defined quantitatively the roles of Na+ and Cl- transport processes in ocular surface ion and fluid secretion, and indicated that CFTR-dependent changes in apparent epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) activity could be accounted for by electrochemical coupling, without requiring ENaC-CFTR interactions. The data and modeling also predicted significant enhancement of ocular surface fluid secretion by ENaC inhibitors and CFTR activators as possible therapies for dry eye syndromes.
Recent Progress in Hormone Research. Vol. XII (1957)

Recent Progress in Hormone Research. Vol. XII Get access Recent Progress in Hormone Research. Vol. XII. Edited by Pincus Gregory. 452 pgs., illus. Academic Press Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N. Y. ( 1956) $10.00 AIBS Bulletin, Volume 7, Issue 1, January 1957, Page 40, https://doi.org/10.2307/1292058 Published: 01 January 1957
Endothelin in hypertension (1995)

The endothelins, 21-amino-acid peptides produced by the endothelium of blood vessels and many other tissues such as the kidney, brain, endocrine organs, etc., are potent vasoconstrictors, and are also endowed with mitogenic and cell hypertrophic properties. Endothelin may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension through vascular, renal, endocrine, and neural effects. Although many studies have been performed to test the hypothesis that these peptides have a pathophysiologic role in hypertension, it is only recently that evidence has been found of enhanced production of endothelin-1 in some models of hypertension, particularly in blood vessels in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. Vascular responses to endothelin-1 have been shown to be normal or depressed in many models of experimental hypertension, and also in humans with essential hypertension. Elevation of blood pressure and development of vascular hypertrophy is blunted in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats treated chronically with endothelin receptor antagonists. Spontaneously hypertensive rats do not overexpress vascular endothelin, and do not exhibit a hypotensive response to chronic endothelin receptor antagonism. Malignant spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate and salt exhibit vascular overexpression of endothelin-1 and respond to endothelin antagonists with lowering of blood pressure. A genetic role of components of the endothelin system has been suggested in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. In human essential hypertension, there is as yet little evidence of activation of the endothelin system. A role of endothelins in hypertension is thus becoming increasingly apparent in severe forms of experimental hypertension, but further studies are required to establish whether these peptides are involved in the human disease.
Synthesis of Chemically Modified Bioactive Peptides: Recent Advances, Challenges and Developments for Medicinal Chemistry (2009)

Although not complying with Lipinski's rule, peptides are to an increasing extent being developed into new active pharmaceutical ingredients. This is mainly due to novel application routes, formulations and chemical modifications, which confer on the peptides improved uptake and increased metabolic stability. A brief survey of currently approved peptide drugs and the present scope of the application of peptides as drugs is provided. Cyclic peptides are emerging as an interesting class of peptides with conformational rigidity and homogeneity, high receptor affinity and selectivity, increased metabolic stability and - in special cases - even oral availability. Challenges and new methodology for the synthesis of cyclic peptides are outlined and an overview of approaches toward the design of peptide conformation and peptide modification by nonproteinogenic building blocks is given.
Design of an active-inductor-based termination circuit for high-speed I/O (2008)

An active inductor termination for high-speed I/O circuits is presented. In comparison with the conventional active-inductor-based circuits, the proposed topology operates from a lower supply voltage and/or consumes less power. A prototype of the active termination with a CML output driver is designed, simulated, and laid out in a 90 nm CMOS process. The eye-opening and jitter performance in the eye-diagram simulations of the active termination compare favorably with its passive counterparts. In comparison with a passive-inductor-based design, the circuit consumes additional 1.327 mW DC power while occupying a die area of 17 μm × 25 μm, which is more than 60 times smaller than the area of a termination circuit with a 0.8 nH passive inductor.
Interrelationships Between the Pale‐Yellow Character and Other Traits in Flue‐Cured Tobacco<sup>1</sup> (1977)

The interrelationship between the pale‐yellow character and certain agronomic and chemical traits was studied in isogenic lines derived from five cultivars of flue‐cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). Isogenic lines with the pale‐yellow character were compared with their green recurring parent and a green sister selection in each family. The pale‐yellow gene had little or no effect on days to flower or total alkaloid content. Slightly reduced leaf number and yield were associated with pale‐yellow lines in some families. A decrease in starch and sugar and an increase in alpha amino nitrogen were associated with the pale‐yellow character. The grade index of pale‐yellow lines was equal to or better than that of the recurrent parent or green sister selections.
Environmental stress and mutational load in diploid strains of the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2001)

The negative effect of permanent contamination of populations because of spontaneous mutations does not appear to be very high if judged from the relatively good health of humans or many wild and domesticated species. This is partly explained by the fact that, in diploids, the new mutations are usually located in heterozygous loci and therefore are masked by wild-type alleles. The expression of mutations at the phenotypic level may also strongly depend on environmental factors if, for example, deleterious alleles are more easily compensated under favorable conditions. The present experiment uses diploid strains of yeast in which mutations arise at high rates because a mismatch-repair protein is missing. This mutagenesis resulted in a number of new alleles that were in heterozygous loci. They had no detectable effect on fitness when the environment was benign. A very different outcome was seen when thermal shock was applied, where fitness of the mutation-contaminated clones was lower and more diverse than that of the nonmutagenized clones. This shows that the genetic load conferred by spontaneous mutations can be underestimated or even overlooked in favorable conditions. Therefore, genetic variation can be higher and natural selection more intense when environmental conditions are getting poorer. These conclusions apply, at least, to that component of variation that directly originates from spontaneous mutations (as opposed to the variation resulting from the history of selection).
Target Speech Signal Enhancement Based on Deep Neural Networks (2019)

This paper presents a speech enhancement system based on deep neural network (DNN) and covers the signal processing methods used in speech enhancement and the fundamentals of DNN. DNNs containing multiple hidden layers have the capability to suppress noise by learning the relationship between noisy speech and target clean speech. A series of experiments were carried out using the Chinese corpus to evaluate the performance of the speech enhancement model. Meanwhile, the model was identified as a result of a good generalization capability in mismatched noise types. In addition, the model is compared with OMLSA in terms of the quality of speech signals.
Studies on Benzoisogranatanine Derivatives. II. Synthesis of 1-Phenethyl-2, 4-propano-6, 7-dimethoxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. (1963)

1-Phenethyl-2, 4-propano-6, 7-dimethoxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (B), a structure related to A has been synthesized by lithium aluminum hydride reduction of VI followed by the bromination to VII (R=Br), and dehydrobromination with diluted alkaline solution.
FKBP-12 Recognition Is Dispensable For Signal Generation by Type I Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptors (1996)

The FK506-binding protein, FKBP12, is a putative target of type I receptors for transforming growth factor-beta (TbetaR-I). As the FK506 motif that competes with TbetaR-I for FKBP12 resembles an invariant Leu-Pro dipeptide in TbetaR-I, we replaced Leu193 and Pro194 with Ala, along with mutations across the Gly/Ser box. L193A, P194A, and L193A/P194A do not alter TbetaR-I function; T204D partially activates, independent of ligand; L193A/P194A/T204D was an even more potent constitutive mutation. Association with FKBP12 in a yeast two-hybrid assay was disrupted by P194A, L193A/P194A, and L193A/P194A/T204D, but not L193A or T204D alone. Thus, FKBP12 recognition is dispensable for TGFbeta signaling.
Biofilm formation by Scottish clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (2008)

The biofilm-forming capacity of 972 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was tested using a high-throughput polystyrene 96-peg plate format. Isolates of S. aureus were collected from patients in hospitals throughout Scotland from 2004 to 2006; 763 of these were meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 209 were meticillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). The biomass of each biofilm was quantified using a crystal violet staining technique. Isolates were divided into those that formed fully established biofilms, moderately attached biofilms and weakly adherent biofilms by comparison with a known biofilm-forming strain. The majority of MRSA (53.8 %) and MSSA (43.5 %) isolates formed moderately attached biofilms. Fully established biofilms were formed by 20.5 % of MRSA isolates and 28.0 % of MSSA isolates, whilst 25.7 % of MRSA isolates and 28.5 % of MSSA isolates formed negligible biofilms. There was no significant correlation between susceptibility to meticillin and biofilm formation (P=0.77). MRSA isolates were divided into clonal types (EMRSA-15, EMRSA-16 and sporadic isolates) based on PFGE genotyping results. EMRSA-15 isolates formed significantly more moderately and fully established biofilms than EMRSA-16 isolates (P<0.001). S. aureus strains isolated from the skin of patients had a significantly greater capacity to form biofilms than isolates from other body sites, including the blood. Microscopic examination of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that poorly adherent biofilm formers failed to colonize the entire surface of the peg, whilst moderately adherent biofilm formers grew in uniform monolayers but failed to develop a mature three-dimensional structure. SEM analysis of an isolate representative of the group that formed fully established biofilms confirmed that this isolate developed a dense biofilm with a textured, multi-layered, three-dimensional structure.
Ground control testbed for Space Station Freedom robot manipulators (2002)

The Robotic Systems Technology Branch at the NASA/Johnson Space Center has completed a baseline ground control testbed for use in developing and evaluating technology for Space Station Freedom (SSF) Robotic Tasks. The focus of the first phase of this work has been addressing the effects of significant ground-to-orbit time delays on operations. This testbed uses a predictive display to enable virtual realtime control of a remote robot. The operator commands a graphical kinematic manipulator through hand controllers or automated sequences which, in turn, drive the actual manipulator after a user-defined delay. The predictive display provides artificial camera views that enable the operator to measure clearances not available in actual camera views. A delayed camera control interface, and a robot verification display are also available. All testbed components are connected in a distributed processing environment. The ground control testbed architecture and technology utilized to address the time delays are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tuning the dynamics and molecular distribution of the self-spreading lipid bilayer (2008)

The self-spreading dynamics of lipid bilayers were investigated at controlled electrolyte concentrations. The self-spreading velocity increased when the concentration of NaCl was increased from 1 to 100 mM. Comparing the experimentally determined spreading energy with that estimated from theoretical models, we found that the self-spreading dynamics were well explained by considering the van der Waals interaction, double layer interaction and hydration interaction energies between the self-spreading bilayer and the substrate. The characteristic behavior at high concentration is attributable to the increase in the density of the lipid layer, originating from the effective shielding of the molecular charges by the electrolyte ions in solution. The distribution of doped dye-labeled molecule within the spreading bilayer was also controllable by tuning the electrolyte concentration. All of these findings were explained by systematic changes in bilayer-substrate or inter-molecular interactions depending on the electrolyte concentration.
miR-191 regulates mouse erythroblast enucleation by down-regulating <i>Riok3</i> and <i>Mxi1</i> (2010)

Using RNA-seq technology, we found that the majority of microRNAs (miRNAs) present in CFU-E erythroid progenitors are down-regulated during terminal erythroid differentiation. Of the developmentally down-regulated miRNAs, ectopic overexpression of miR-191 blocks erythroid enucleation but has minor effects on proliferation and differentiation. We identified two erythroid-enriched and developmentally up-regulated genes, Riok3 and Mxi1, as direct targets of miR-191. Knockdown of either Riok3 or Mxi1 blocks enucleation, and either physiological overexpression of miR-191 or knockdown of Riok3 or Mxi1 blocks chromatin condensation. Thus, down-regulation of miR-191 is essential for erythroid chromatin condensation and enucleation by allowing up-regulation of Riok3 and Mxi1.
Ter(9,9-diarylfluorene)s:  Highly Efficient Blue Emitter with Promising Electrochemical and Thermal Stability (2002)

Novel ter(9,9-diarylfluorene)s were synthesized by a Suzuki-coupling reaction of 2-bromofluorene (1) and 2,7-fluorenediboronic ester derivatives (3) with high isolated yields (63-86%). The X-ray structure analysis of ter(9,9'-spirobifluorene) (4aa) revealed that the conjugated chromophore adopts a helical conformation. This conformation effectively releases the steric interaction between the fluorene moieties and prevents inter-chromophore interactions. The introduction of aryl groups at the C9 position of fluorene was highly beneficial to the thermal and morphological stability of these oligomers. These terfluorenes exhibit intense blue fluorescence with excellent quantum yields both in solution ( approximately 100%) and in solid state (66-90%), and possess interesting reversible redox properties. Highly efficient blue light-emitting OLED devices were fabricated using 4aa and 4cc as emitters as well as hole transporters. The devices exhibit low turn-on voltage ( approximately 3 V) and high EL external quantum efficiency (2.5-3%).
Cathodic Protection of Underground Structures (1955)

Continuing from last month, the development and choice of materials for giving the best protection are discussed—galvanic anodes, anodes for use with impressed current and graphite anodes. A survey of the applications and limitations of cathodic protection is also included.
Particle sizing with a fast polar nephelometer (2007)

We reported previously the design of a polar nephelometer that uses a rotational confocal imaging setup to enable fast scanning of the scattering phase function within a field of view of 55 degrees . The full dynamic range of the detection system can be used by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by means of averaging successive scans. The calibration of the angular response of the instrument is achieved by obtaining the transfer function of the optical detection system using Rayleigh scatterers. Accurate particle sizing of individual polystyrene spheres (ranging from 1.5 to 9 micro m in diameter) in aqueous suspension is achieved by maximizing a correlation coefficient between precalculated tables of Mie phase functions and data obtained from the polar nephelometer. Good correlation is achieved between experimental and theoretical data, proving the functioning of the instrument as a fast and convenient particle sizer.
The "dual-spot" Aethalometer: an improved measurement of aerosol black carbon with real-time loading compensation (2015)

Abstract. Aerosol black carbon is a unique primary tracer for combustion emissions. It affects the optical properties of the atmosphere and is recognized as the second most important anthropogenic forcing agent for climate change. It is the primary tracer for adverse health effects caused by air pollution. For the accurate determination of mass equivalent black carbon concentrations in the air and for source apportionment of the concentrations, optical measurements by filter-based absorption photometers must take into account the "filter loading effect". We present a new real-time loading effect compensation algorithm based on a two parallel spot measurement of optical absorption. This algorithm has been incorporated into the new Aethalometer model AE33. Intercomparison studies show excellent reproducibility of the AE33 measurements and very good agreement with post-processed data obtained using earlier Aethalometer models and other filter-based absorption photometers. The real-time loading effect compensation algorithm provides the high-quality data necessary for real-time source apportionment and for determination of the temporal variation of the compensation parameter k.
INTERVENCIÓN DEL DOCTOR LLAMAS (1964)

PREVIAMENTE A LAS PALABRAS DEL DOCTOR IGNACIO CHAVEZ, EL DOCTOR ROBERTO LLAMAS, DIRECTOR DEL INSTITUTO DE BILOGIA, HIZO UNA BREVE HISTORIA DEL INSTITUTO, EL CUAL NACIO JUNTO CON LA AUTONOMIA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD.
Dynamic power sharing for higher job throughput (2015)

Current trends for high-performance systems are leading towards hardware overprovisioning where it is no longer possible to run all components at peak power without exceeding a system- or facility-wide power bound. The standard practice of static power scheduling is likely to lead to inefficiencies with over- and under-provisioning of power to components at runtime. In this paper we investigate the performance and scalability of an application agnostic runtime power scheduler (POWsched) that is capable of enforcing a system-wide power limit. Our experimental results show POWsched is robust, has negligible overhead, and can take advantage of opportunities to shift wasted power to more power-intensive applications, improving overall workload runtime by as much as 14% without job scheduler integration or application specific profiling. In addition, we conduct scalability studies to determine POWsched's overhead for large node counts. Lastly, we contribute a model and simulator (POWsim) for investigating dynamic power scheduling behavior and enforcement at scale.
Automated On-Line Hydrolysis of Benzodiazepines Improves Sensitivity of Urine Screening by a Homogeneous Enzyme Immunoassay (1997)

Benzodiazepines are used therapeutically as antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, muscle relaxant, and preanesthetic agents. Moreover, benzodiazepines are often abused for their euphoric effects. Consequently, benzodiazepines are commonly detected in toxicological analyses.

Immunoassays of benzodiazepines are plagued by several factors that make reliable detection difficult. Complicated metabolic pathways, including N -dealkylation, C -hydroxylation, and glucuronidation, effectively reduce the parent compound to more polar, and thus easily excreted, metabolites. Some of these metabolites are pharmacologically active; in some cases, they are present in higher concentrations and have a longer elimination half-life than the parent compound (1)(2). Many, especially the glucuronide conjugates, which appear at high concentrations in the urine, do not readily cross-react with commercial immunoassays. In contrast, other benzodiazepine metabolites demonstrate high cross-reactivity, depending on the immunoassay utilized (3).

In the US, 13 benzodiazepines of various potencies are commonly prescribed. Therapeutic daily doses have substantially decreased with the newer generation of benzodiazepines (2). Variations in dosage and in ultimate excretion patterns complicate the ability to accurately detect benzodiazepine use (4).

Accumulated research findings indicate pretreating urine specimens with β-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) increases the diagnostic …
Corrected-Moment Illuminant Estimation (2013)

Image colors are biased by the color of the prevailing illumination. As such the color at pixel cannot always be used directly in solving vision tasks from recognition, to tracking to general scene understanding. Illuminant estimation algorithms attempt to infer the color of the light incident in a scene and then a color cast removal step discounts the color bias due to illumination. However, despite sustained research since almost the inception of computer vision, progress has been modest. The best algorithms - now often built on top of expensive feature extraction and machine learning - are only about twice as good as the simplest approaches. This paper, in effect, will show how simple moment based algorithms - such as Gray-World - can, with the addition of a simple correction step, deliver much improved illuminant estimation performance. The corrected Gray-World algorithm maps the mean image color using a fixed (per camera) 3x3 matrix transform. More generally, our moment approach employs 1st, 2nd and higher order moments - of colors or features such as color derivatives - and these again are linearly corrected to give an illuminant estimate. The question of how to correct the moments is an important one yet we will show a simple alternating least-squares training procedure suffices. Remarkably, across the major datasets - evaluated using a 3-fold cross validation procedure - our simple corrected moment approach always delivers the best results (and the performance increment is often large compared with the prior art). Significantly, outlier performance was found to be much improved.