gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switching From Morphine to Methadone to Improve Analgesia and Tolerability in Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study (2001)

In most patients with cancer pain referred for poor pain control and/or adverse effects, switching to oral methadone is a valid therapeutic option. In the clinical setting of poor pain control, higher doses of methadone are necessary with respect to the equianalgesic calculated dose ratios previously published.
A Route to Self‐Organized Honeycomb Microstructured Polystyrene Films and Their Chemical Characterization by ToF‐SIMS Imaging (2007)

Abstract A new type of polymer compound that allows the formation of highly ordered microstructured films by casting from a volatile solvent in the presence of humidity, and its characterization by ToF‐SIMS (time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry) are presented. A honeycomb structure is obtained by activation of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO)‐terminated polystyrene (PS) with p ‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). The mechanism of this activation reaction, leading to a more polar PS termination, is deduced from simple experiments and supported by ToF‐SIMS characterization. Positive and negative ToF‐SIMS imaging allows different chemical regions correlating to the film morphology to be distinguished. This new, straightforward activation process, together with ToF‐SIMS chemical imaging, provides a better understanding of the phenomena underlying the formation of these films by directly linking the role of polar terminations to the microscale self‐organization. This new method, transposable to other organic acids, suggests interesting new perspectives in the field of self‐organized chemical and topographical patterning.
Wireless lithium-ion battery charging platform with adaptive multi-phase rapid-charging strategy (2015)

Wireless battery charger system architecture equipped with adaptive multi-phase rapid charging algorithm based on a simplified electrochemical battery model is proposed. Excellent rapid-charging performance operated with the proposed wireless charging platform has been experimentally verified to show more than 70% charging time reduction compared to conventional constant-current constant-voltage (CC-CV) charging without the degradation of battery lifetime. Moreover, the proposed platform and the rapid-charging algorithm are adapted to the conventional commercial wireless robot cleaner.
10 GHz Mode-Locked Multiple-Wavelength Fiber Laser (2004)

We demonstrate a four-wavelength 10-GHz mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser, with wavelength spacings of 3.5-5 nm. Nearly transform-limited Gaussian pulses of 11- to 14-ps duration are measured and all wavelengths are synchronous.
Investigation on new scintillators for subnanosecond time-resolved x-ray measurements (2010)

We investigated new x-ray detectors for nuclear resonant scattering measurements with high energy x rays. The organic-inorganic perovskite scintillator of phenethylamine lead halide ((C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbX4) (X:Br, I) was used. These compounds have fast light emission due to an exciton. They include heavy atoms, which make the detector to have high efficiency to high energy x rays. The merit of these scintillators is that we can make a thick crystal compared to a Si wafer which is used in an avalanche photo-diode detector. We successfully measured 67.41 keV x ray signals, the energy of 61Ni nuclear resonant scattering, with high detection efficiency of 42.5 % by the scintillator.
Effects of the antineoplastic alkaloid acronycine on the ultrastructure and growth patterns of cultured cells. (1973)

Summary Acronycine, a lipophilic, antineoplastic alkaloid, was found to cause swelling and destruction of Golgi complexes and, less consistently, of mitochondria, in suspension cultures of L5178Y murine leukemia cells and in cell layer cultures of cervical carcinoma (C-4 II), melanoma (HFH-18), and SV40-induced hamster tumor cells. Delayed effects of the drug include cellular swelling, binucleation, reduced adhesion to substrata and to other cells, changes in colonial morphology, interference with melanosome dispersion, and cessation of mitotic activity by viable cells at a reduced cell density. The cytological effects of acronycine differ from those of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate and also, at least chronologically, from those of cytochalasin B. It would appear that the alkaloid acts primarily on membranous organelles and that its delayed effects might be due, at least in part, to interference with the structure, function, and/or turnover of cell-surface components.
Giant magneto resistive sensing of critical power system parameters (2005)

Several experimental and computational attempts to sense and measure the most critical electromechanical operating parameters of power system are conducted in the laboratory. In this paper, power system parameters such as load current (I), partial discharge (PD), corona discharge (CD), capacitive charging current (CCC), and applied high voltage (HV) are under investigation. The objective is to optimize the utilization of some newly developed, low cost, and commercially available hardware sensors and equipment. The hardware includes some novel elements such as, giant magneto resistive (GMR) current/magnetic field sensors. All components are contained around power conductors in a specially designed, none-magneto equipotential cylindrical structure (NECS) prototype. Objectives are being met to manipulate GMR to sense I and HV. From the experimental results and feasibility calculations, GMR sensors are found to maintain their known wide linearity range and accuracy. The manipulations to measure I include: distance, current, bias, and orientation alterations. The manipulations of sensing PD, CD, CCC, and HV include the utilization of a sensitive GMR earth field sensor to measure the short circuited CCC through the NECS prototype.
Associations between adherence and outcomes among older, type 2 diabetes patients: evidence from a Medicare Supplemental database (2016)

Higher adherence was associated with substantially less need for acute care, as indicated by a lowered probability of hospitalization or ER use, a reduced risk of an acute complication, and a decreased number of hospitalizations, ER visits, and days hospitalized. Higher adherence was also generally associated with lower all-cause and diabetes-related total costs, despite higher drug costs. These lower total costs were driven by the diminished acute care and outpatient costs. Results suggest that higher glucose-lowering agent adherence is associated with significant benefits for payers and older patients with type 2 diabetes.
Impact of Crosstalk into High Resistivity Silicon Substrate on the RF Performance of SOI MOSFET (2010)

Crosstalk propagation through silicon substrate is a serious limiting factor on the performance of the RF devices and circuits. In this work, substrate crosstalk into high resistivity silicon substrate is experimentally analyzed and the impact on the RF behavior of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOS transistors is discussed. The injection of a 10 V peak-to-peak single tone noise signal at a frequency of 3 MHz ( fnoise) generates two sideband tones of −56 dBm separated by fnoise from the RF output signal of a partially depleted SOI MOSFET at 1 GHz and 4.1 dBm. The efficiency of the introduction of a trap-rich polysilicon layer located underneath the buried oxide (BOX) of the high resistivity (HR) SOI wafer in the reduction of the sideband noise tones is demonstrated. An equivalent circuit to model and analyze the generation of these sideband noise tones is proposed.
Leveraging the talent of hand animators to create three-dimensional animation (2009)

The skills required to create compelling three-dimensional animation using computer software are quite different from those required to create compelling hand animation with pencil and paper. The three-dimensional medium has several advantages over the traditional medium---it is easy to relight the scene, render it from different view-points, and add physical simulations. In this work, we propose a method to leverage the talent of traditionally trained hand animators to create three-dimensional animation of human motion, while allowing them to work in the medium that is familiar to them. The input to our algorithm is a set of hand-animated frames. Our key insight is to use motion capture data as a source of domain knowledge and 'lift' the two-dimensional animation to three dimensions, while maintaining the unique style of the input animation. A motion capture clip is projected to two dimensions. First, time alignment is done to match the timing of the hand-drawn frames and then, the limbs are aligned to better match the pose in the hand-drawn frames. Finally the motion is reconstructed in three dimensions. We demonstrate our algorithm on a variety of hand animated motion sequences on different characters, including ballet, a stylized sneaky walk, and a sequence of jumping jacks.
A Highly Digital VCO-Based ADC Architecture for Current Sensing Applications (2015)

This paper presents a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based current to digital converter for sensor readout applications. Second order noise shaping of the quantization error is achieved by using implicit capacitance of the sensor to realize a passive integrator and a VCO-based quantizer. The non-linearity in voltage to frequency conversion of the VCO is tackled by placing the VCO in a loop consisting of a simple digital IIR filter and a passive integrator. The IIR filter provides large gain within the signal bandwidth and suppresses VCO input swing. As a result, non-linearity of the VCO is not exercised, thus greatly improving the proposed architecture's immunity to VCO nonlinearity. The use of a digital filter instead of an analog loop filter eases the design and makes it scaling friendly. Designed for an ambient light sensor application, the proposed circuit achieves 900 pA accuracy over an input current range of 4 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula> A. Fabricated in a 0.18 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex> </formula> m CMOS process, the readout circuit consumes a total of 77.8 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex> </formula> A current, and occupies an active area of 0.36 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^2$</tex></formula> .
Ascertainment Bias in Turner Syndrome: New Insights From Girls Who Were Diagnosed Incidentally in Prenatal Life (2004)

Patients whose Turner syndrome was diagnosed incidentally had significantly fewer phenotypic features and cardiac defects, as well as a greater proportion of mosaic karyotypes, compared with patients whose Turner syndrome was diagnosed clinically. These results support the theory that significant ascertainment bias exists in our understanding Turner syndrome, with important implications for prenatal counseling.
Replacement energy costs for nuclear electricity-generating units in the United States: 1997--2001. Volume 4 (1997)

This report updates previous estimates of replacement energy costs for potential short-term shutdowns of 109 US nuclear electricity-generating units. This information was developed to assist the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in its regulatory impact analyses, specifically those that examine the impacts of proposed regulations requiring retrofitting of or safety modifications to nuclear reactors. Such actions might necessitate shutdowns of nuclear power plants while these changes are being implemented. The change in energy cost represents one factor that the NRC must consider when deciding to require a particular modification. Cost estimates were derived from probabilistic production cost simulations of pooled utility system operations. Factors affecting replacement energy costs, such as random unit failures, maintenance and refueling requirements, and load variations, are treated in the analysis. This report describes an abbreviated analytical approach as it was adopted to update the cost estimates published in NUREG/CR-4012, Vol. 3. The updates were made to extend the time frame of cost estimates and to account for recent changes in utility system conditions, such as change in fuel prices, construction and retirement schedules, and system demand projects.
A data locality optimizing algorithm (1991)

This paper proposes an algorithm that improves the locality of a loop nest by transforming the code via interchange, reversal, skewing and tiling.The loop transformation rrlgorithm is based on two concepts: a mathematical formulation of reuse and locality, and a loop transformation theory that unifies the various transforms as unimodular matrix tmnsfonnations.The algorithm haa been implemented in the SUIF (Stanford University Intermediate Format) compiler, and is successful in optimizing codes such as matrix multiplication, successive over-relaxation (SOR), LU decomposition without pivoting, and Givens QR factorization.Performance evaluation indicates that locatity optimization is especially crucial for scaling up the performance of parallel code.
Newly Emerging Immune Checkpoints: Promises for Future Cancer Therapy (2017)

Cancer immunotherapy has been a great breakthrough, with immune checkpoint inhibitors leading the way. Despite the clinical effectiveness of certain immune checkpoint inhibitors, the overall response rate remains low, and the effectiveness of immunotherapies for many tumors has been disappointing. There is substantial interest in looking for additional immune checkpoint molecules that may act as therapeutic targets for cancer. Recent advances during the last decade have identified several novel immune checkpoint targets, including lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), programmed death-1 homolog (PD-1H), T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIM-3)/carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), and the poliovirus receptor (PVR)-like receptors. The investigations into these molecules have generated promising results in preclinical studies. Herein, we will summarize our current progress and understanding of these newly-characterized immune checkpoints and their potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
The Importance of Utility Balance in Efficient Choice Designs (1996)

Choice designs traditionally have been built under the assumption that all coefficients are zero. The authors show that if there are reasonable nonzero priors for expected coefficients, then these can be used to generate more statistically efficient choice designs, because the alternatives in their choice sets are balanced in utility—they have more similar choice probabilities. The authors demonstrate that the appropriate measure of choice design efficiency requires probability centering and weighting of the rows of the design matrix, and they illustrate how this criterion enables the analyst to appropriately trade off utility balance against three other principles: orthogonality, level balance, and minimal overlap. Two methods, swapping and relabeling attribute levels, provide complementary ways to increase the utility balance of choice designs. The authors apply a process for generating utility-balanced designs to five different choice designs and show that it reduces by 10–50% the number of respondents needed to achieve a specific error level around the parameters. A sensitivity analysis reveals that these gains are diminished, but still substantial, despite strong misspecifications of prior parameter estimates.
Solar Wind Control of Magnetospheric Configuration (1986)

The solar wind exerts intimate control of the configuration of the magnetosphere by the reconnection of interplanetary magnetic field with the magnetospheric magnetic field. Thus the solar wind controls the energization of the magnetosphere proper including the ring current as well as the transport of magnetic flux to the tail and the consequent storage of energy there. The dynamics of the magnetopause are also controlled closely by the interplanetary magnetic field. The formation of flux transfer events, twisted tubes of flux across the dayside magnetopause, arise for southward interplanetary magnetic fields. Whether these flux tubes are connected to closed field lines or are completely open is not yet clearly resolved.
Vesicle Membrane Interactions of Penetratin Analogues (2004)

Reports on serious artifacts associated with the use of cell fixation in studies of the cellular uptake of cell-penetrating peptides, also denoted protein transduction domains, have demonstrated the need for a reevaluation of the current understanding of peptide-mediated cellular delivery of large, hydrophilic molecules. In a recent study on the internalization in unfixed cells of penetratin and its analogues in which tryptophans are substituted for phenylalanines (Pen2W2F), lysines for arginines (PenArg), and arginines for lysines (PenLys), we revealed large dissimilarities in cell interactions among the peptides [Thorén et al. (2003) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 307, 100-107]. We here investigated possible correlations with their respective affinities for the lipid membranes of large unilamellar vesicles. The variations found in membrane affinity correlated qualitatively with differences in hydrophobicity among the peptides but were by far too small to account for the striking differences in cell membrane binding. Interestingly, we found that the inclusion of a small fraction of lipids conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in the vesicles both stabilized the vesicle dispersion against peptide-induced aggregation and, furthermore, enhanced the binding of the peptides to the membrane. By use of PEG-conjugated lipids, it could be shown that vesicle aggregation drives an alpha-helix to beta-sheet conformational transition for these peptides. A similar transition was discovered at submicellar concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate in aqueous solution for all peptides except PenLys. Finally, significant changes of the contributions to CD spectra from aromatic residues due to their insertion into the membrane were observed.
Epicutaneous immunization converts subsequent and established antigen‐specific T helper type 1 (Th1) to Th2‐type responses (2006)

Epicutaneous immunization is a potential novel technique for topical vaccine delivery. It targets the immunologically rich milieu of the skin while having the advantage of being a non-invasive immunization procedure. By disrupting the stratum corneum of the epidermis a natural adjuvant effect can be achieved through activation of resident Langerhans cells. This negates the normal need for co-application of noxious adjuvants. Epicutaneous immunization on barrier-disrupted skin induces potent antigen-specific systemic immunity with a strong T helper type 2 (Th2) bias. We show here that epicutaneous immunization enhances the vigour of a subsequent T-cell response to the same antigen. The induced systemic Th2 response prevents the development of Th1 responses induced through injection of antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Prior epicutaneous immunization results in reduced production of antigen-specific interferon-gamma and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and enhanced interleukin-4, IgG1 and IgE responses to immunization with CFA. Moreover, epicutaneous immunization converts an established Th1 response to a Th2 response, as demonstrated by the specific reduction of interferon-gamma and IgG2a and the enhancement of interleukin-4 and IgE. This Th2 dominance of epicutaneous immunization may have direct therapeutic application as an immune-modulating procedure in Th1-dominant diseases such as autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and multiple sclerosis.
Direction-of-arrival estimation using signal subspace modeling (1992)

A computationally viable algorithm for estimating the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of multiple wavefields that are incident on an array of sensors is developed. The geometry of the array is unrestricted and the incident wavefields may be generated by mixtures of incoherent and coherent emitting sources. In the approach taken, the sensor signals are modeled as a noise-contaminated linear combination of steering vectors which are functionally dependent on a set of DOA parameters. These parameters are to be chosen so that this sensor signal model is most compatible with empirically measured data (i.e., snapshot data). An iterative procedure is developed for selecting the most data compatible set of DOA parameters in both the snapshot domain and the array covariance matrix domain. Critical to the success of such iterative solution procedures is the generation of quality DOA parameters to initialize the algorithm. A sequential beamforming method for this initialization is presented. Numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithmic approach are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Polyenes. II. Allylic Rearrangements and Dehydrations in Substituted β-Ionols (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Polyenes. II. Allylic Rearrangements and Dehydrations in Substituted β-IonolsWilliam Oroshnik, George Karmas, and Alexander D. MebaneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 15, 3807–3813Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01135a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01135a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Double-sided tin nanowire arrays for advanced thermal interface materials (2013)

This investigation examines a type of thermal interface material (TIM) based on a double-sided array of tin nanowires (NWs) prepared using a hot-pressing approach with the assistance of anodic aluminum oxide templates. The metal based TIM effectively reduces the contact resistance, while the flexible nanowires show excellent mechanical compliance to increase the actual contact area with the mating rough surfaces. The results indicate that the overall thermal contact resistance of the two rough copper surfaces assisted by the tin NW array, can reduce the overall resistance to 29 mm2KW-1 at 0.25 MPa and 20 mm2KW-1 at 1.0 MPa.