gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increase of cytotoxic sensitivity of primary human melanoma cells transfected with the interleukin-7 gene to autologous and allogeneic immunologic effector cells. (1997)

Patients with metastatic melanoma have a very poor prognosis. In many cases, the tumor recurs after surgical excision. Therefore, it might be beneficial for cancer patients to induce an immune attack against the tumor by inserting a cytokine gene into the tumor cells. Here, 14 primary cell cultures could be established from 45 patients with malignant melanoma. Primary cell cultures were transfected via electroporation with the gene encoding for human interleukin-7 (IL-7). Transfection resulted in the production of biologically active IL-7 with an average of 850 pg/mL per 10(6) cells per 24 hours. Irradiation with 10,000 cGy, which inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro, increased the amount of released IL-7 to an average amount of 1050 pg/mL per 10(6) cells per 24 hours. No significant differences in the phenotype were observed in the IL-7-transfected cells compared with nontransfected cells. The expression of HLA class I and II, ICAM-1, and of a melanoma-associated antigen remained unaltered. Transfection with IL-7 had no significant effect on the proliferation of melanoma cells as measured in a MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. There was no significant change in the cytokine profile after transfection or irradiation of the cells, but one cell culture expressed a high amount of IL-6 (about 2 ng/mL). IL-6 was expressed in nontransfected cells and was not altered by transfection. Interestingly, transfected cells from primary melanoma cultures possessed a higher sensitivity to immunologic effector cells compared with nontransfected cells. This was true for allogeneic as well as autologous melanoma cells. Our results show the feasibility of a gene transfer into primary human melanoma cells, different from retroviral transduction. IL-7-transfected cells might be of value in vaccination protocols for melanoma patients.
Using Graph Convolutional Networks Skeleton-Based Pedestrian Intention Estimation Models for Trajectory Prediction (2020)

Abstract In autonomous driving scenarios, pedestrian trajectory prediction is an important research direction. Based on the spatio-temporal graph convolutional neural network, we propose a new pedestrian trajectory prediction algorithm. The new algorithm constructs a series of new models around pedestrian intention estimation. The construction of the estimation algorithm considers the following aspects: the contextual information of pedestrians and the surrounding environment, the “pedestrian ego-vehicle” interaction combined with the vehicle speed estimation, the pedestrian’s own skeletal structure information and body language estimation, which includes head joints and the relative structural relationship of the torso joints, including whether it is out of the same plane, is rotated, and so on. Skeleton information feature extraction and construction adopts the method of graph convolutional neural network to structure pedestrians into joints in the form of graphs in non-Euclidean space, and further adopts spatial temporal graph convolutional network for feature extraction and learning. The new method is named a “head-torso”-based spatial temporal graph convolutional network (HT-STGCN). On the dataset PID, the novel method achieves substantial improvements over mainstream methods. Experimental results show that combining HT-STGCN with observed action can improve trajectory prediction.
Physics-driven pattern adjustment for direct 3D garment editing (2016)

Designers frequently reuse existing designs as a starting point for creating new garments. In order to apply garment modifications, which the designer envisions in 3D, existing tools require meticulous manual editing of 2D patterns. These 2D edits need to account both for the envisioned geometric changes in the 3D shape, as well as for various physical factors that affect the look of the draped garment. We propose a new framework that allows designers to directly apply the changes they envision in 3D space; and creates the 2D patterns that replicate this envisioned target geometry when lifted into 3D via a physical draping simulation. Our framework removes the need for laborious and knowledge-intensive manual 2D edits and allows users to effortlessly mix existing garment designs as well as adjust for garment length and fit. Following each user specified editing operation we first compute a target 3D garment shape, one that maximally preserves the input garment's style-its proportions, fit and shape-subject to the modifications specified by the user. We then automatically compute 2D patterns that recreate the target garment shape when draped around the input mannequin within a user-selected simulation environment. To generate these patterns, we propose a fixed-point optimization scheme that compensates for the deformation due to the physical forces affecting the drape and is independent of the underlying simulation tool used. Our experiments show that this method quickly and reliably converges to patterns that, under simulation, form the desired target look, and works well with different black-box physical simulators. We demonstrate a range of edited and resimulated garments, and further validate our approach via expert and amateur critique, and comparisons to alternative solutions.
A novel recombinant immunotoxin-based therapy targeting wild-type and mutant EGFR improves survival in murine models of glioblastoma (2013)

Both the amplification of the gene coding for wild-type (wt) epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>) and the overexpression of the <i>EGFR</i> deletion mutant, commonly known as EGFRvIII, are hallmarks of glioblastoma. We have recently reported a novel, recombinant immunotoxin, D2C7-(scdsFv)-PE38KDEL, that targets both wt EGFR and EGFRvIII, exhibiting potent antineoplastic effects against established murine gliomas.
Fluctuating wall pressures measured beneath a supersonic turbulent boundary layer (2011)

Wind tunnel experiments up to Mach 3 have provided fluctuating wall-pressure spectra beneath a supersonic turbulent boundary layer to frequencies reaching 400 kHz by combining data from piezoresistive silicon pressure transducers effective at low- and mid-range frequencies and piezoelectric quartz sensors to detect high frequency events. Data were corrected for spatial attenuation at high frequencies and for wind-tunnel noise and vibration at low frequencies. The resulting power spectra revealed the ω−1 dependence for fluctuations within the logarithmic region of the boundary layer but are essentially flat at low frequency and do not exhibit the theorized ω2 dependence. When normalized by outer flow variables, a slight dependence upon the Reynolds number is detected, but Mach number is the dominant parameter. Normalization by inner flow variables is largely successful for the ω−1 region but does not apply for lower frequencies. A comparison of the pressure fluctuation intensities with 50 years of historical data shows their reported magnitude chiefly is a function of the frequency response of the sensors. The present corrected data yield results in excess of the bulk of the historical data, but uncorrected data are consistent with lower magnitudes, suggesting that much of the historical compressible database may be biased low.
Optimal Determination of Respiratory Airflow Patterns Using a Nonlinear Multicompartment Model for a Lung Mechanics System (2012)

We develop optimal respiratory airflow patterns using a nonlinear multicompartment model for a lung mechanics system. Specifically, we use classical calculus of variations minimization techniques to derive an optimal airflow pattern for inspiratory and expiratory breathing cycles. The physiological interpretation of the optimality criteria used involves the minimization of work of breathing and lung volume acceleration for the inspiratory phase, and the minimization of the elastic potential energy and rapid airflow rate changes for the expiratory phase. Finally, we numerically integrate the resulting nonlinear two-point boundary value problems to determine the optimal airflow patterns over the inspiratory and expiratory breathing cycles.
Heterogeneous cellular networks: From theory to practice (2012)

The proliferation of internet-connected mobile devices will continue to drive growth in data traffic in an exponential fashion, forcing network operators to dramatically increase the capacity of their networks. To do this cost-effectively, a paradigm shift in cellular network infrastructure deployment is occurring away from traditional (expensive) high-power tower-mounted base stations and towards heterogeneous elements. Examples of heterogeneous elements include microcells, picocells, femtocells, and distributed antenna systems (remote radio heads), which are distinguished by their transmit powers/ coverage areas, physical size, backhaul, and propagation characteristics. This shift presents many opportunities for capacity improvement, and many new challenges to co-existence and network management. This article discusses new theoretical models for understanding the heterogeneous cellular networks of tomorrow, and the practical constraints and challenges that operators must tackle in order for these networks to reach their potential.
Studies on Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 41. An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrano‐ and Furoquinolines Employing Two Reusable Solid Acids as Heterogeneous Catalysts. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Virtual Differential GPS & Road Reduction Filtering by Map Matching (1999)

A novel method of map matching using the Global Positioning System (GPS) has been developed for civilian use, which uses digital mapping data to infer the <100 meters systematic position errors which result largely from “selective availability” (S/A) imposed by the U.S. military. A method of rapidly detecting inappropriate road centrelines from the set of all possible road centre-lines that a vehicle may be travelling on has been developed. This is called the Road Reduction Filter. The S/A error vector is estimated in a formal least squares procedure as the vehicle is moving. This estimate can be thought of as a position correction from a “virtual” differential GPS (DGPS) base station, thus providing an autonomous alternative to DGPS for in-car navigation and fleet management. We derive a formula for “Mapped Dilution of Precision” (MDOP), defined as the theoretical ratio of position precision using virtual DGPS corrections to that using perfect DGPS corrections. This is shown to be purely a function of route geometry, and is computed for examples of basic road shapes. MDOP is favorable unless the route has less than a few degrees curvature for several kilometers. MDOP can thus provides an objective estimate of positioning precision to a vehicle driver. Precision estimates using MDOP are shown to agree well with “true” positioning errors determined using high precision (cm) GPS carrier phase techniques.
Dietary lipids and cardiovascular disease : effects of palm oil (1988)

L'huile de palme bien que contenant 50 p.100 d'acides satures ne favorise pas l'atherosclerose. Si un regime alimentaire a base d'huile de palme conduit a un taux de cholesterol sanguin plus eleve qu'avec du soja, carthame et tournesol, la consommation d'huile de palme fait cependant baisser le cholesterol dans tous les essais. Ce phenomene proviendrait de la presence d'alpha-tocotrienol. L'etude du temps d'obstruction de l'aorte de lapins nourris avec 12 huiles et graisses differentes montre que l'huile de palme favorise beaucoup moins la thrombose que prevu. Le tocopherol de l'insaponifiable en serait responsable. L'huile de palme favorise moins l'agregation plaquettaire que l'huile de tournesol. L'effet atherogene de la caseine sur le lapin est accru par un regime alimentaire a base d'huile de palme par rapport a celle a base d'huile de colza, par contre si on remplace la caseine par des proteines de soja, on observe moins l'atherosclerose avec l'huile de palme qu'avec les huiles de poisson, lin, olive et tournesol. L'huile de palme reduit la synthese des facteurs prothrombiques. Alors que chez le lapin, l'huile de palme augmente la pression arterielle, chez le rat elle entraine, comme l'huile de tournesol, une amelioration de la circulation
Fast fractional-pixel motion estimation using Lagrangian-based error surface interpolation (2017)

Motion Estimation is an important module in the HEVC encoder. It is divided into Integer-pixel Motion Estimation followed by Fractional-pixel motion Estimation for coding efficiency improvement. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to estimate the best fractional-pixel motion vector. It is based on a mathematical model using the matching error costs of the integer pixel locations around the best integer candidate. The proposed algorithm is implemented in HEVC standard software (HM-16.9). The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the others algorithms noticeably. The proposed algorithm increases the BD-rate by only 1.3 with a small degradation in the PSNR of 0.05 dB while it saves up to 98% of the computational cost of the Fractional-pixel Motion Estimation process.
Recycling of Commercial E-glass Reinforced Thermoset Composites via Two Temperature Step Pyrolysis to Improve Recovered Fiber Tensile Strength and Failure Strain (2019)

Economic and regulatory pressures on the global composites industry have encouraged the research and development of technology for the recycling of fiber reinforced polymer composites. Although significant advancements have been made in the recycling of carbon fiber composites, more progress is needed in the recovery of glass fibers, which make up the overwhelming volume of the composites market. In this study, wind turbine blades and automotive sheet moulding compound (SMC) were subjected to a two temperature step pyrolysis. This multistep process yielded improvements in the recovered E-glass fiber’s tensile strength, by as much as 19%, and strain to failure, by as much as 43%, over a single high temperature step pyrolysis. Despite these gains, pre-pyrolysis fiber measurements indicate that pre-existing damage may inherently limit the quality of glass fiber recoverable from pyrolysis without any post processing.
Experimental determination of the kinematic viscosity of glycerol-water mixtures (1994)

Abstract We have measured the kinematic viscosity of glycerol-water mixtures, for glycerol mass fractions ranging from 0 to 1, in the temperature range 10-50 °C. The measurements were made by using a series of Ubbelohde viscometers. Apart from comprehensiveness and comparative accuracy the present measurements expose serious errors in the limited data that were earlier available on such mixtures. It is shown that all the data can be reasonably represented by the empirical correlation (In νm - In νw)/(In νg - In νw) = xg [1 + (1 - xg) {a + bxg + cxg2}], where νw, vg and νm are the kinematic viscosities of water, glycerol and the mixture respectively and xg is the mass fraction of glycerol in the mixture. The constants a, b and c are tabulated in the paper as functions of temperature. This correlation can now be used at a given temperature to tailor make a mixture of prescribed kinematic viscosity. While this paper is addressed, principally, to fluid dynamicists these results should be of interest to physicists studying the liquid state and physical chemists interested in mixtures.
A 1-GHz low-power transposition memory using new pulse-clocked D flip-flops (2002)

This paper presents the design of a 1-GHz transposition memory (TRAM) that is designed in a 3.3-V 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. This high-speed TRAM is designed with the DFF-based architecture, and a new true-single-phase pulse-clocked D flip-flop (DFF) is developed to help achieve low power besides the high-speed performance. The new DFF is evolved from the true-single-phase-clocked (TSPC) split-output D latch, but the clock signal to the latch is locally processed to let the latch to behave as a DFF. The new DFF has a simpler circuit structure and less number of transistors triggered by the clock signal as compared to the previously reported high-speed semidynamic DFF (SD DFF). Therefore, when applying this new DFF to the TRAM, the power consumption of constituent DFFs and the clock driver in the TRAM can be reduced. The TRAM of this work has the same maximum operating frequency as the other TRAM designed with the SD DFFs, but 15% of the power is saved for the new design.
SEED TREATMENT, SEEDING RATE, AND CULTIVAR EFFECTS ON IRON DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS OF SOYBEAN (2001)

Iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is a common problem in the North Central United States. The objectives of these studies were to determine the effectiveness of seed treatment, seeding rate, and cultivar on the severity of chlorosis and yield of soybean grown in wide (76-cm) rows. A study in 1998 showed an early-season reduction in chlorosis when the seed of a susceptible variety (‘Glacier’) was treated with FeEDDHA, but not with Fe citrate. Studies in 1999 showed increases in leaf chlorophyll, crop height, and yield, as seeding rate of Glacier soybean was increased. Studies in 2000 compared the effectiveness of cultivar selection (Glacier, Council, Traill), seeding rate (370,000 versus 740,000 seed ha−1), and FeEDDHA seed treatment (0 versus 0.56 kg ha−1) on chlorosis severity and yield. Cultivar selection was the most effective tool in reducing chlorosis. Chlorosis was the lowest, and yields the highest with the most resistant cultivar, Traill, followed by the moderately resistant cultivar, Council. Increased seeding rate reduced chlorosis of all cultivars and increased the yield of Traill and Glacier. FeEDDHA seed treatment reduced chlorosis at the 2–3 trifoliolate and increased yield at one site. Cultivar selection was the most effective tool for reducing chlorosis, but increased seeding rates gave additional reduction in chlorosis. Chlorosis reduction by 0.56 kg ha−1 of FeEDDHA was short-lived. Higher rates may be needed.
Molecular weight distributions in free radical polymerizations (1987)

Abstract In practical polymerization processes the goal is to control reaction conditions so as to produce polymers with optimum balances of properties for different applications. A key to success in this task is an understanding of the effects of the polymerization process on the molecular weight distribution (mwd) of the product as well as the response of polymer properties to changes in mwd. The effects of molecular weight and mwd on properties of commercial polymers made by free radical processes is dimly understood. Mechanical properties of polymer solids are theoretically related to mwd whereas the weight of the scanty evidence that is available suggests correlations with single average values, such as M̄n̄. By contrast, melt rheological properties are often referred to M̄w̄, while the evidence points to overriding effects of mwd. Analyses of mwd's by gel permeation chromatography have made great advances recently, but the value of the results is limited by the relative insensitivity of the technique in the high and low molecular weight regions of the distribution. The differences between various grades of the same commodity polymer are apparently due to nuances in mwd in these regions. Practical free radical polymerizations are very complex reactions. The reaction models must be correspondingly complex. Some illustrations of the value of experimental mwd data to guide predictions of kinetic schemes are given.
Performance of non-delay-line constant-fraction discriminator timing circuits (1994)

The delay line in the constant-fraction discriminator (CFD) can be replaced with circuit networks to permit monolithic fabrication. The previously reported non-delay-line CFD utilizing a single-pole highpass filter is reviewed, followed by a presentation of non-delay-line circuits utilizing Gaussian lowpass filters. Circuit response for non-delay-line CFDs utilizing single-pole highpass or single-pole lowpass filters is shown to be equivalent. However, timing-signal underdrive and zero-crossing slope are increased and timing jitter reduced when higher-order lowpass filters are used. Comparisons of non-delay-line and delay-line CFD circuit timing performance are presented for lowpass-filtered step inputs representative of scintillation detector signals. Timing resolution of non-delay-line and delay-line CFDs is compared for BGO/photomultiplier scintillation detector applications. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that comparable timing resolution is available with proper selection of non-delay-line CFD filter time-constants. A fully-monolithic CMOS, non-delay-line CFD was fabricated to experimentally validate timing resolution. The measured timing resolution of 3.26 ns FWHM and 6.5 ns FWTM is in good agreement with measured resolution of 3.30 ns FWHM and 6.4 ns FWTM for a standard delay-line CFD circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compact and Inexpensive Continuous-Wave Sub-THz Imaging System Using a Fiber-Coupled Multimode Laser Diode (2006)

We propose and demonstrate a sub-THz imaging system using a continuous-wave (CW) multimode laser diode (MLD). The sub-THz generation is achieved by photomixing between simultaneously oscillating longitudinal modes of the MLD on a photoconductive antenna (PA). The use of a fiber-coupled MLD makes the system compact and inexpensive. In the system both amplitude and phase information are obtained from the signals at only appropriate two points on the delay line.
The design and evaluation of HIV-1 vaccines (2012)

There is renewed optimism that the goal of developing a highly effective AIDS vaccine is attainable. The HIV-1 vaccine field has seen its first trial of a vaccine candidate that prevents infection. Although modest in efficacy, this finding, along with the recent discovery that the human immune system can produce broadly neutralizing antibodies capable of inhibiting greater than 90% of circulating viruses, provides a guide for the rational design of vaccines and protection by passive immunization. Together, these findings will help shape the next generation of HIV vaccines.
Solid-state photopolymerization of octadecyl sorbate to yield an alternating copolymer with oxygen (1998)

The crystals of octadecyl sorbate (ODS) were irradiated with sunlight or with a high-pressure Hg lamp to yield polymers with a molecular weight of 2.6-7.2 × 10 3 . ESR spectroscopy confirmed that the propagating species is of allylic structure during the photopolymerization of ODS in the crystalline state, and that it is long-lived because of the immobility of the polymer chain produced. An alternating copolymer of ODS with oxygen is produced during the polymerization in air and the repeating unit of ODS in the resulting copolymer consists exclusively of 5,4-structure, when ODS crystals obtained by recrystallization from ethanol were used. Bulk polymerization of ODS provides a high molecular weight poly(ODS) with predominant trans-5,2-structure in the presence of a radical initiator in the melt. ODS crystals obtained from hexane or chloroform afford polymers consisting of both 5,4- and 5,2-structures.
Optical loss mechanisms in femtosecond laser-written point-by-point fibre Bragg gratings (2008)

Fibre Bragg gratings inscribed with the point-by-point method using a Ti-sapphire femtosecond laser operating at 800 nm are shown to display strong increasing attenuation towards shorter wavelengths with a large and spectrally sharp recovery observed below 400 nm. The origin of this loss is shown to be Mie scattering, and the sharp recovery in the transmission results from wavelength dependent scattering within the numerical aperture of the core. The permanent losses from these Type II gratings have implications for high temperature sensors and fibre lasers.