gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chinese Privet (<i>Ligustrum sinense</i>) Removal and its Effect on Native Plant Communities of Riparian Forests (2009)

Abstract Chinese privet is a major invasive shrub within riparian zones throughout the southeastern United States. We removed privet shrubs from four riparian forests in October 2005 with a Gyrotrac® mulching machine or by hand-felling with chainsaws and machetes to determine how well these treatments controlled privet and how they affected plant community recovery. One year after shrub removal a foliar application of 2% glyphosate was applied to privet remaining in the herbaceous layer. Three “desired-future-condition” plots were also measured to assess how well treatments shifted plant communities toward a desirable outcome. Both methods completely removed privet from the shrub layer without reducing nonprivet shrub cover and diversity below levels on the untreated control plots. Nonprivet plant cover on the mulched plots was > 60% by 2007, similar to the desired-future-condition plots and higher than the hand-felling plots. Both treatments resulted in higher nonprivet plant cover than the untreated controls. Ordination showed that after 2 yr privet removal plots were tightly grouped, suggesting that the two removal techniques resulted in the same plant communities, which were distinctly different from both the untreated controls and the desired-future-condition. Both treatments created open streamside forests usable for recreation and other human activities. However, much longer periods of time or active management of the understory plant communities, or both, will be required to change the forests to typical mature forest plant communities.
Layout-based substitution tree indexing and retrieval for mathematical expressions (2011)

We introduce a new system for layout-based (LATEX) indexing and retrieval of mathematical expressions using substitution trees. Substitution trees can efficiently store and find expressions based on the similarity of their symbols, symbol layout, sub-expressions and size. We describe our novel implementation and some of our modifications to the substitution tree indexing and retrieval algorithms. We provide an experiment testing our system against the TF-IDF keyword-based system of Zanibbi and Yuan and demonstrate that, in many cases, the quality of search results returned by both systems is comparable (overall means, substitution tree vs. keywordbased: 100% vs. 89% for top 1; 48% vs. 51% for top 5; 22% vs. 28% for top 20). Overall, we present a promising first attempt at layout-based substitution tree indexing and retrieval for mathematical expressions and believe that this method will prove beneficial to the field of mathematical information retrieval.
Manufacturing method for n-type porous silicon based on Hall effect without illumination (2006)

A method for the fabrication of n-type porous silicon (n-PS) is developed. The Hall effect is applied in the fabrication process. The majority carriers in n-type Si (electrons) are swept down by the Lorentz force. Enough holes continuously appear on the surface layer to participate in chemical reaction during the etching process. Illumination sources are not necessary in this method. Therefore, no illumination limit has to be concerned in the formation of deep PS layer. The morphology, porosity, and photoluminescence of the n-PS prepared by the proposed method are investigated. Strong visible photoluminescence emissions are demonstrated on n-PS at about 650nm.
Functional and morphological characterization of isolated bovine adrenal medullary cells. (1978)

Single bovine adrenal medullary cells have been obtained by retrograde perfusion of adrenal medullae with a solution of 0.05% collagenase in Ca++-free Krebs Henseleit buffer. Chromaffin cells were obtained in high yield (5 X 10(6) cells/g medulla), and more than 95% of these were viable as shown by exclusion of trypan blue. The isolated cells were capable of respiring at a linear rate for a minimum of 120 min. Ultrastructural examination revealed that the cells were morphologically intact, and two distinct types of adrenal medullary cells were identified, on the basis of the morphology of their electron-dense vesicles, as (a) adrenaline-containing and (b) noradrenaline-containing cells. Biochemical analysis showed that the cells contained catecholamines and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). The cells released catecholamines and DBH in response to acetylcholine (ACh), and this release was accompanied by changes in the vesicular and surface membranes observed at the ultrastructural level. The time-course of ACh-stimulated catecholamine and DBH release, and the dependence of this release on the concentration of ACh and extracellular Ca++ have been investigated. The isolated cells were pharmacologically sensitive to the action of the cholinergic blocking agents, atropine and hexamethonium.
Analysis and Modeling of Hybrid Planar-Type Electromagnetic-Bandgap Structures and Feasibility Study on Power Distribution Network Applications (2008)

A unified 1D analysis model of hybrid planar-type electromagnetic-bandgap (EBG) structures is developed. Based on the analysis results, three types of hybrid design methods to reduce the cutoff frequency of the EBG structures are discussed, and design equations for their noise suppression bandwidths are derived. In order to simulate switching noise characteristics of the hybrid planar-type EBG structures, 2D circuit level models are developed and experimentally verified. With the developed circuit-level models and CMOS active switching devices, feasibility studies on the power distribution network design using the hybrid EBG structures are conducted. The hybrid EBG structure with series lumped chip inductors shows efficient noise suppression characteristics in both the frequency and time domains; however, it has potential limitations because of its generation of higher switching noise voltages depending on power supply connection configurations.
Nucellain, a Barley Homolog of the Dicot Vacuolar-Processing Protease, Is Localized in Nucellar Cell Walls (1998)

The nucellus is a complex maternal grain tissue that embeds and feeds the developing cereal endosperm and embryo. Differential screening of a barley (Hordeum vulgare) cDNA library from 5-d-old ovaries resulted in the isolation of two cDNA clones encoding nucellus-specific homologs of the vacuolar-processing enzyme of castor bean (Ricinus communis). Based on the sequence of these barley clones, which are called nucellains, a homolog from developing corn (Zea mays) grains was also identified. In dicots the vacuolar-processing enzyme is believed to be involved in the processing of vacuolar storage proteins. RNA-blot and in situ-hybridization analyses detected nucellain transcripts in autolysing nucellus parenchyma cells, in the nucellar projection, and in the nucellar epidermis. No nucellain transcripts were detected in the highly vacuolate endosperm or in the other maternal tissues of developing grains such as the testa or the pericarp. Using an antibody raised against castor bean vacuolar-processing protease, a single polypeptide was recognized in protein extracts from barley grains. Immunogold-labeling experiments with this antibody localized the nucellain epitope not in the vacuoles, but in the cell walls of all nucellar cell types. We propose that nucellain plays a role in processing and/or turnover of cell wall proteins in developing cereal grains.
Copper‐Based Nanostructured Coatings on Natural Cellulose: Nanocomposites Exhibiting Rapid and Efficient Inhibition of a Multi‐Drug Resistant Wound Pathogen, <i>A. baumannii</i>, and Mammalian Cell Biocompatibility In Vitro (2011)

Abstract This paper describes a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) electrostatic self‐assembly process for fabricating highly efficient antimicrobial nanocoatings on a natural cellulose substrate. The composite materials comprise a chemically modified cotton substrate and a layer of sub‐5 nm copper‐based nanoparticles. The LBL process involves a chemical preconditioning step to impart high negative surface charge on the cotton substrate for chelation controlled binding of cupric ions (Cu 2+ ), followed by chemical reduction to yield nanostructured coatings on cotton fibers. These model wound dressings exhibit rapid and efficient killing of a multidrug resistant bacterial wound pathogen, A. baumannii, where an 8‐log reduction in bacterial growth can be achieved in as little as 10 min of contact. Comparative silver‐based nanocoated wound dressings–a more conventional antimicrobial composite material–exhibit much lower antimicrobial efficiencies; a 5‐log reduction in A. baumannii growth is possible after 24 h exposure times to silver nanoparticle‐coated cotton substrates. The copper nanoparticle–cotton composites described herein also resist leaching of copper species in the presence of buffer, and exhibit an order of magnitude higher killing efficiency using 20 times less total metal when compared to tests using soluble Cu 2+ . Together these data suggest that copper‐based nanoparticle‐coated cotton materials have facile antimicrobial properties in the presence of A. baumannii through a process that may be associated with contact killing, and not simply due to enhanced release of metal ion. The biocompatibility of these copper‐cotton composites toward embryonic fibroblast stem cells in vitro suggests their potential as a new paradigm in metal‐based wound care and combating pathogenic bacterial infections.
Transition delay fault test pattern generation considering supply voltage noise in a SOC design (2007)

Due to shrinking technology, increasing functional frequency and density, and reduced noise margins with supply voltage scaling, the sensitivity of designs to supply voltage noise is increasing. The supply noise is much larger during at-speed delay test compared to normal circuit operation since large number of transitions occur within a short time frame. Existing commercial ATPG tools do not consider the excessive supply noise that might occur in the design during test pattern generation. In this paper, we first present a case study of a SOC design and show detailed IR-drop analysis, measurement and its effects on design performance during at-speed test. We then propose a novel method to measure the average power of at-speed test patterns, referred to as switching cycle average power (SCAP). A new practical pattern generation methodology is proposed to generate supply noise tolerant delay test patterns using existing capabilities in commercial ATPG tools. The results demonstrate that the new patterns generated using our technique will minimize the supply noise effects on path delay.
Complete denture copy technique—A practical application (2014)

The copy denture technique is a misnomer for the clinical and laboratory procedures involved in making complete dentures that replicate most of the features of the original prosthesis. The aim is to replicate the good features of an otherwise successful prosthesis that now requires replacement and to alter the poor features and so it is strictly speaking not a copy. There are many purported advantages to this technique which include reduced treatment time, increased patient acceptance especially for the elderly who may not adapt so well to a new prosthesis, maintenance of tooth position and vertical dimension. A typical case is presented illustrating the clinical stages involved with a discussion of the merits of this technique.
Directional sensing during chemotaxis (2008)

Cells have the innate ability to sense and move towards a variety of chemoattractants. We investigate the pathways by which cells sense and respond to chemoattractant gradients. We focus on the model system Dictyostelium and compare our understanding of chemotaxis in this system with recent advances made using neutrophils and other mammalian cell types, which share many molecular components and signaling pathways with Dictyostelium. This review also examines models that have been proposed to explain how cells are able to respond to small differences in ligand concentrations between the anterior leading edge and posterior of the cell. In addition, we highlight the overlapping functions of many signaling components in diverse processes beyond chemotaxis, including random cell motility and cell division.
Temperature effects on soil bulk dielectric permittivity measured by time domain reflectometry: Experimental evidence and hypothesis development (1999)

Reports on temperature ( T ) effects on time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements of soil water content (θ) are contradictory and often exhibit conflicting trends. We imposed step T changes on sealed columns of four soils having variable θ, while monitoring bulk apparent dielectric constant (or permittivity ϵ b ) and bulk electrical conductivity (σ b ) using TDR. Measured ϵ b increased substantially with increasing temperature for one silt loam soil, for all θ. For another silt loam soil and for an Oxisol, measured ϵ b increased with increasing T at relatively low θ but decreased with increasing T at higher θ. For a sandy loam soil, measured ϵ b decreased with increasing T for all θ. The experimental results led to the hypothesis that TDR‐measured ϵ b is determined by an interplay between two competing phenomena: (1) the reduction in the dielectric constant of bulk water with increased T ; and (2) the increase in TDR‐measured ϵ b with increased T due to release of bound water. TDRmeasured ϵ b is thus dependent on solid surface area and wetness. Our results have implications for routine use of TDR in fine‐textured and organic soils and potentially for microwave remote sensing of soil water status.
Business at the Speed of Thought: Using a Digital Nervous System (1998)

From the Publisher:
As the cofounder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Microsoft, the world's leading provider of software for personal computers, Bill Gates played a prominent role in launching the Information Age. Now this modern visionary reveals how expanding technology is propelling the business world into an exciting new economic era....how every manager can - and must - stay ahead of the curve...and how integrated information systems can help every organization achieve....Business at the Speed of Thought. 
Changes are your company has a sizable investment in technology - and is realizing only 20 percent of its potential benefit. As Gates explains, you're probably viewing hardware and software as a way to solve specific problems. But like a living organism, an organization functions best if it can rely on a nervous system that will instantaneously deliver information to the parts that need it. In clear, nontechnical language, Business at the Speed of Thought shows you how a digital nervous system can unite all the systems and processes under one common infrastructure, releasing rivers of information and allowing your company to make a quantum leaps in efficiency, growth and profits. 
With eye-opening, detailed tours, into Microsoft and other major corporations, Gates unveils the way digital nervous systems - from the simplest to the most sophisticated - are revolutionizing the very nature of business. You'll learn how integrated technology can:
instantly access scattered information to analyze patterns and trends decrease cycle time and get new products out before the competition deliver up-to-the-minute sales and inventory statistics on every one of your products, anywhere in the world help customers solve their own problems and, using intelligent software, automatically feed complaints to designers and line workers

.....and much more. 
I have the simple but strong belief, Gates writes. How you gather, manage, and use information will determine whether you win or lose. Business at the Speed of Thought gives you the information you need to win. 

About the Authors:
Bill Gates is the chairman and chief executive officer at Microsoft Corporation. His vision and commitment regarding personal computing have been central to the success of Microsoft and in the advancement of software technology. He lives with his wife, Melinda, and daughter, Jennifer, in the Seattle area. 
Collins Hemingway is director of executive communications at Microsoft Corporation. He had been involved with Microsoft's systems products since 1987 and from 1994 to 1996 was director of international and partner marketing for the Personal and Business Systems Division.
Visual Assist with a Laser Pointer and Wearable Display for Remote Collaboration (2008)

The Wearable Active Camera/Laser-Pointer (WACL) is a body-worn tool equipped with a camera/laser head capable of pan/tilt control to assist field workers in remote collaboration. A remote expert can freely observe the real workplace and directly point at targets with a laser spot. In our previous studies, however, it was found that advanced visual assist such as line drawings on images can support remote collaboration more adequately than a laser spot if the instructor needs to explain in detail. In this paper we first compared two wearable displays, a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) and Chest-Worn Display (CWD), to explore which one is more suitable for providing workers wearing the WACL with the additional visual assist. Next we examined how effectively the laser spot of the WACL link the real world to the advanced visual assist on the HMD or CWD. Results show that the CWD is superior in preference to HMD and the combination of the laser spot and wearable display can enhance task performance and usability. 1.
Pharmacokinetics of propafenone hydrochloride sustained-release capsules in male beagle dogs (2015)

This paper describes the development and validation of a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric assay for propafenone and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of propafenone administered as a new propafenone hydrochloride sustained-release capsule (SR-test), as an instant-release tablet (IR-reference) and as the market leader sustained-release capsule (Rythmol, SR-reference) in male beagle dogs (n=8). In Study A comparing SR-test with IR-reference in a crossover design T max and t 1/2 of propafenone for SR-test were significantly higher than those for IR-reference while C max and AUC were lower demonstrating the sustained release properties of the new formulation. In Study B comparing SR-test with SR-reference the observed C max and AUC of propafenone for SR-test (124.5±140.0 ng/mL and 612.0±699.2 ng·h/mL, respectively) were higher than for SR-reference (78.52±72.92 ng/mL and 423.6±431.6 ng·h/mL, respectively) although the differences were not significant. Overall, the new formulation has as good if not better sustained release characteristics to the market leader formulation.
On the guard band-based coarse frequency offset estimation technique for burst OFDM systems (2002)

A multiple number of subcarrier frequency offsets is estimated in the frequency domain. This is achieved by adjusting the power of the reference symbol transmitted and utilizing a guard-band power detection method in the receiver. The power of the start symbol of two repetitive symbols, which also acts as a reference symbol in differential modulation, is varied linearly in the frequency domain to increase the power difference between modulated (valid) subcarriers and noisy non-modulated (virtual) carriers. The performance of the proposed frame is confirmed by simulation for a DQPSK system in a multipath-fading environment.
c-Myc Interacts with Hypoxia to Induce Angiogenesis <b> <i>In vivo</i> </b> by a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Dependent Mechanism (2004)

The proto-oncogene c-myc is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we used an inducible transgenic mouse model in which c-Myc was targeted to the epidermis and, after activation, gave rise to hyperplastic and dysplastic skin lesions and to dermal angiogenesis, involving both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-1 and VEGF receptor-2. After c-Myc activation, VEGF mRNA was expressed in postmitotic keratinocytes where it colocalized with transgene expression and areas of tissue hypoxia, suggesting a role of hypoxia in VEGF induction. In vitro, c-Myc activation alone was able to induce VEGF protein release and in conjunction with hypoxia, c-Myc activation further increased VEGF protein. Blocking VEGF signaling in vivo significantly reduced dermal angiogenesis, demonstrating the importance of VEGF as a mediating factor for the c-Myc-induced angiogenic phenotype.
Aerosol black carbon measurements over the western Atlantic Ocean (1988)

During the aircraft operations phase of the Western Atlantic Ocean Experiment (WATOX) program conducted in January 1986 off the eastern seaboard of the United States, we performed measurements of the optically absorbing carbonaceous component of the ambient aerosol. We collected the aerosol on filters that were exposed for several hours; we also operated the aethalo meter to measure the concentration of aerosol black carbon in real time. The filter analyses represent averages over the altitude range and time span during which the filter was collecting. The real‐time results were sorted by altitude to calculate vertical profiles of black carbon concentration. Values typically ranged from 200 to 500 ng/m 3 in the boundary layer, decreasing to 50 to 100 ng/m 3 at higher altitudes. By multiplying the mean concentration profile by the offshore air flux, we may estimate the export of aerosol black carbon from the coast to be of the order of 5 × 10 10 g/yr.
Interactive volume navigation (1998)

Volume navigation is the interactive exploration of volume data sets by "flying" the viewpoint through the data, producing a volume rendered view at each frame. We present an inexpensive perspective volume navigation method designed to be run on a PC platform with accelerated 3D graphics hardware. The heart of the method is a two-phase perspective ray casting algorithm that takes advantage of the coherence inherent in adjacent frames during navigation. The algorithm generates a sequence of approximate volume-rendered views in a fraction of the time that would be required to compute them individually. The algorithm handles arbitrarily large volumes by dynamically swapping data within the current view frustum into main memory as the viewpoint moves through the volume. We also describe an interactive volume navigation application based on this algorithm. The application renders gray-scale, RGB, and labeled RGB volumes by volumetric compositing, allows trilinear interpolation of sample points, and implements progressive refinement during pauses in user input.