gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Panchromatic Photon-Harvesting by Hole-Conducting Materials in Inorganic–Organic Heterojunction Sensitized-Solar Cell through the Formation of Nanostructured Electron Channels (2012)

Additional photon-harvesting by hole transporting materials in Sb(2)S(3)-sensitized solar cell is demonstrated through the formation of electron channels in the hole transporter such as P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene)) and PCPDTBT(poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)) that can act as both a hole conductor and light absorber. As a result, the short-circuit current density is improved with an increment in overall efficiency. These findings provide new insights into use of light-absorbing conjugated polymers as a hole conductor in the inorganic-organic heterojunction sensitized solar cells.
300-GHz LTCC horn antennas based on antenna-in-package technology (2013)

This paper presents 300-GHz horn antennas aiming at their integration in low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) packages. Using substrate integrated waveguide technology, we fabricated vertical horn antennas with an LTCC multi-layer process. A cavity inside the multi-layer LTCC substrate and a surrounding via fence are used to form a feeding hollow waveguide and horn structure. The prototype of the LTCC horn antenna exhibits peak gain of 16 dBi and 58-GHz bandwidth with more than 10-dB return loss. The size of the horn antenna is only 5 mm×5 mm×2.7 mm, which makes it to easy to integrate it in a compact LTCC package with an MMIC chip.
ASR in mobile phones - an industrial approach (2002)

In order to make hidden Markov model (HMM) speech recognition suitable for mobile phone applications, Siemens developed a recognizer, Very Smart Recognizer (VSR), for deployment in future mobile phone generations. Typical applications will be name dialling, command and control operations suited for different environments, for example in cars. The paper describes research and development issues of a speech recognizer in mobile devices focusing on noise robustness, memory efficiency and integer implementation. The VSR is shown to reach a word error rate as low as 4.1% on continuous digits recorded in a car environment. Furthermore by means of discriminative training and HMM-parameter coding, the memory requirements of the VSR HMMs are smaller than 64 kBytes.
Automatic classification of TV news articles based on telop character recognition (2003)

The purpose of this study is to develop a multimedia database system for TV news video data. TV news video data consist of speech, characters and images. In this study, telop characters are recognized and given to the news articles as indices for classification. At first, telop frames which include telop characters are detected and then the telop characters are extracted and recognized. Through morphological analysis of the recognized telop characters, keywords are extracted which consist of more than two characters. Their keywords are used as indices to classify the TV news articles. We carried out experiments for 30 days of NHK 5 minutes news and obtained 95.4% telop character extraction rate, 81.4% character recognition rate and 83.8% article classification rate. We improved the article classification rate by 43.4% through character recognition improvement from 44.1% to 81.4%.
Tracer Studies with Radioactive Carbon and Hydrogen. The Synthesis and Oxidation of Fumaric Acid (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTracer Studies with Radioactive Carbon and Hydrogen. The Synthesis and Oxidation of Fumaric AcidM. B. Allen and S. RubenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 4, 948–950Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01256a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01256a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of Gene Transfer to Increase Animal Growth (1985)

In mammals, somatic growth is controlled by a cascade of circulating hormones emanating from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and liver. Growth hormone (GH), an intermediate in this cascade, is a 22,000-dalton, single-chain polypeptide produced in acidophiles of the anterior pituitary gland. The regulation of GH secretion is mediated, in part, by two hypothalamic hormones that reach the pituitary via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal blood system. Somatostatin, a neuropeptide of 14 or 28 amino acids inhibits the release of GH while growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) stimulates both GH synthesis and secretion. GH stimulates the production of somatomedin C or insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) which is thought to mediate postnatal somatic growth by binding to membrane receptors of peripheral mescenchymal cells.
Chemokine antagonist infusion attenuates cellular infiltration following spinal cord contusion injury in rat (2000)

Spinal cord injury is accompanied by an initial inflammatory reaction followed by secondary injury that is caused, in part, by apoptosis. Recruitment of leukocytes from the blood compartment to the site of inflammation in the injured spinal cord has been attributed to locally generated chemotactic agents (cytokines and chemokines). In addition to upregulation in the message levels of a number of chemokines, we have found up-regulation in the message levels of several chemokine receptors following spinal cord contusion injury. To reduce the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury, we have blocked the interaction of chemokine receptors with their ligands using the vMIPII chemokine antagonist. Using a rat model of spinal cord contusion injury, we show that continuous infusion of the antagonist for up to 7 days results in a decrease in infiltrating hematogenous cells at the site of injury. Histological evaluation ofthe tissue showed fewer activated macrophages at the site of injury. Concomitantly, reduced neuronal loss and gliosis were observed in the antagonist infused spinal cord. In addition, increased expression of Bcl-2 gene, an endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis, was seen in the antagonist infused spinal cord at 7 days post injury. Morphologically, staining with the bisbenzamide dye Hoechst 33342 showed significantly more apoptotic bodies in the vehicle compared to antagonist infused spinal cord. Our data suggest that chemokine antagonist infusion post-injury results in limiting the inflammatory response following spinal cord contusion injury, thereby attenuating neuronal loss, possibly due to decreased apoptosis. These findings support the contention that disrupting chemokine interactions with their receptors may be an effective approach in reducing the secondary damage after spinal cord injury.
Analysis of the Munc18b-Syntaxin Binding Interface (2002)

Munc18b is a mammalian Sec1-related protein that is abundant in epithelial cells and regulates vesicle transport to the apical plasma membrane. We constructed a homology model of Munc18b in complex with syntaxin 3 based on the crystal structure of the neuronal Sec1.syntaxin 1A complex. In this model we identified all residues in the interface between the two proteins that contribute directly to the interaction and mutagenized residues in Munc18b to alter its binding to syntaxins 1A, 2, and 3. The syntaxin-binding properties of the mutants were tested using an in vitro assay and by a co-immunoprecipitation approach employing Munc18b expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Three Munc18b variants, W28S, S42K, and E59K, were generated that are defective in binding to all three syntaxins. A fourth mutant protein, S48D, shows abolishment of syntaxin 3 interaction but binds syntaxin 2 at normal and syntaxin 1A at mildly reduced efficiency. Over-expression of Munc18b S48D inhibited transport of influenza hemagglutinin to the apical surface of Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells, which express syntaxin 2 abundantly, but not of Caco-2 cells, in which syntaxin 3 is the major apical target SNARE (soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor) attachment protein receptors). This suggests that, although syntaxin 3 is the main target SNARE operating in exocytic transport to the apical plasma membrane in certain epithelial cell types, syntaxin 2 may play an important role in this trafficking route in others.
The sialoglycan-Siglec glyco-immune checkpoint – a target for improving innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: During cancer progression, tumor cells develop several mechanisms to prevent killing and to shape the immune system into a tumor-promoting environment. One of such regulatory mechanism is the overexpression of sialic acid (Sia) on carbohydrates of proteins and lipids on tumor cells. Sia-containing glycans or sialoglycans were shown to inhibit immune effector functions of NK cells and T cells by engaging inhibitory Siglec receptors on the surface of these cells. They can also modulate the differentiation of myeloid cells into tumor-promoting M2 macrophages. <b>Areas covered</b>: We review the role of sialoglycans in cancer and introduce the Siglecs, their expression on different immune cells and their interaction with cancer-associated sialoglycans. The targeting of this sialoglycan-Siglec glyco-immune checkpoint is discussed along with potential therapeutic approaches. Pubmed was searched for publications on Siglecs, sialic acid, and cancer. <b>Expert opinion</b>: The targeting of sialoglycan-Siglec interactions has become a major focus in cancer research. New approaches have been developed that directly target sialic acids in tumor lesions. Targeted sialidases that cleave sialic acid specifically in the tumor, have already shown efficacy; efforts targeting the sialoglycan-Siglec pathway for improvement of CAR T cell therapy are ongoing. The sialoglycan-Siglec immune checkpoint is a promising new target for cancer immunotherapy.
Fabrication of Cylindrical Nanopores and Nanopore Arrays in Silicon-On-Insulator Substrates (2007)

Electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching were used to process silicon-on-insulator substrates for the fabrication of single cylindrical high-aspect-ratio solid-state nanopores and high-packing-density nanopore arrays. Minimum pore diameters of 40 nm were readily achieved with a high yield. The electrolyte concentration dependence of ion transport through single nanopores was measured for pores with diameters ranging from 40 to 140 nm. Measured single-nanopore conductances in high salt concentrations were compared to a simple model using a cylindrical resistance path and bulk solution conductivity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to study the ac response of the device.
Experimental investigation of drilling fluid formulations and processing methods for a riser dilution approach to dual density drilling (2005)

Oil and natural gas resources in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico are important for the U.S. economy, but development is limited by high costs. Dual density drilling concepts that result in wellbore pressure gradients similar to the natural subsurface gradients can simplify well designs and reduce costs. Riser dilution may be an economical means of achieving such a system. This system would use a low density fluid to dilute the weighted wellbore fluid and give an intermediate density fluid in the riser. Two key concerns addressed in this study are whether a drilling fluid can be formulated that will suspend solids and transport cuttings after dilution and whether the fluid returning from the riser can be separated into wellbore and dilution fluids for a continuous process. The first concern was addressed by laboratory testing of synthetic-base drilling fluids. The wellbore, riser, and dilution fluids were formulated with the same synthetic fluid to water ratio and liquid phase product concentrations with only the barite concentration, and therefore density, being different. Formulations with good emulsion stability over the maximum density range needed for real deepwater applications were developed. However, appropriate rheologies for the extreme case of 17.0 ppg wellbore fluid and 9.5 ppg riser fluid were not achieved with laboratory muds. Separation testing was conducted to address the second concern using a laboratory centrifuge and hydrocyclones. The laboratory centrifuge demonstrated that practically all barite could be removed from the dilution stream and retained in a wellbore stream, but also that the wellbore stream rheologies were excessively high. Hydrocyclone results implied the need for two stages of separation. The most successful two stage trial gave less contrast in densities than the laboratory centrifuge, but gave better rheologies and emulsion stabilities than either the laboratory fluid or the laboratory centrifuge tests. Also, the rheologies from hydrocyclone testing were only slightly less than the rheology values considered necessary for a working riser dilution system. Both the density contrast and the rheologies were also close to the best centrifuge results published by others working on similar systems.
Perceptual Studies in Patients with Vestibular Neurectomy (1995)

Twelve patients undergoing unilateral vestibular neurectomy for the treatment of refractory vertigo were investigated. Vestibular motion perception was assessed using a self-rotational task and "vestibular remembered saccades". Cervical perception was also measured with remembered saccades. The tests were performed pre- and post-operatively to examine changes in vestibular and cervical perception following an acute vestibular lesion, and to monitor the progress of vestibular compensation. These perception tests were carried out in conjunction with a conventional evaluation of the vestibular ocular reflex (VOR), using electro-oculography. The patients' subjective symptoms at each stage of testing were also quantified with questionnaires. Generally, in the vestibular tests, for stimulation to the operated side, responses became strongly hypometric directly after the neurectomy, with a partial recovery during convalescence. In the cervical test, responses were bilaterally reduced immediately after operation. Results from both of the vestibular perception tests were significantly correlated with the VOR assessment of vestibular function. Scores for the patients' subjective symptoms of "vertigo" were only significantly correlated with the vestibular perception tests, and not with the conventional measures of vestibular function. Perceptual measurements afford useful complementary information in the assessment of vestibular patients.
Dry, laser-assisted rapid HBr etching of GaAs (1985)

Dry, rapid etching of GaAs has been accomplished using an excimer laser (ArF, 193 nm) with HBr etching gas by photochemical initiation. Spatially uniform etch rates of up to 8 μm/min have been achieved on large-area, masked substrates. Selective crystallographic etching is observed and controlled in the process.
Steady-state kinetic mechanism of the NADP+- and NAD+-dependent reactions catalysed by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2000)

Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) catalyses the irreversible oxidation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine with the concomitant reduction of NAD(P)(+) to NADP(H). In Pseudomonas aeruginosa this reaction is a compulsory step in the assimilation of carbon and nitrogen when bacteria are growing in choline or choline precursors. The kinetic mechanisms of the NAD(+)- and NADP(+)-dependent reactions were examined by steady-state kinetic methods and by dinucleotide binding experiments. The double-reciprocal patterns obtained for initial velocity with NAD(P)(+) and for product and dead-end inhibition establish that both mechanisms are steady-state random. However, quantitative analysis of the inhibitions, and comparison with binding data, suggest a preferred route of addition of substrates and release of products in which NAD(P)(+) binds first and NAD(P)H leaves last, particularly in the NADP(+)-dependent reaction. Abortive binding of the dinucleotides, or their analogue ADP, in the betaine aldehyde site was inferred from total substrate inhibition by the dinucleotides, and parabolic inhibition by NADH and ADP. A weak partial uncompetitive substrate inhibition by the aldehyde was observed only in the NADP(+)-dependent reaction. The kinetics of P. aeruginosa BADH is very similar to that of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, suggesting that both enzymes fulfil a similar amphibolic metabolic role when the bacteria grow in choline and when they grow in glucose.
Automated synthesis and purification of [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro‐[<i>di‐deutero</i>]methyl tosylate (2013)

Automated synthetic procedures of [(18)F]fluoro-[di-deutero]methyl tosylate on a GE TRACERlab FX F-N module and a non-commercial synthesis module have been developed. The syntheses included azeotropic drying of the [(18)F]fluoride, nucleophilic (18)F-fluorination of bis(tosyloxy)-[di-deutero]methane, HPLC purification and subsequent formulation of the synthesized [(18)F]fluoro-[di-deutero]methyl tosylate (d2-[(18)F]FMT) in organic solvents. Automation shortened the total synthesis time to 50 min, resulting in an average radiochemical yield of about 50% and high radiochemical purity (>98%). The possible application of this procedure to commercially available synthesis modules might be of significance for the production of deuterated (18)F-fluoromethylated imaging probes in the future.
Improvement of LEV/ULEV Potential of Fuel Efficient High Performance Engines (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The combined requirement of achieving CAFE values between 32 to 38 mpg plus LEV/ULEV emission standards to comply with US legal requirements between 1995 and 2000 represents the most demanding challenge for engine engineering.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Thus all possible methods of engine improvement towards fuel economy and emissions have to be considered. Besides using new ideas also the methods of engine development have to be modernized to cope with the challenge.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper presents advanced combustion and exhaust gas aftertreatment systems which combine high power output, favourable torque characteristics and high fuel economy with the potential for obtaining LEV/ULEV emission values, as well as improved development techniques.</div>
Full waveform inversion of diving & reflected waves for velocity model building with impedance inversion based on scale separation (2015)

International audience
New synthesis of a 9-substituted adenine (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthesis of a 9-substituted adenineGeorge D. Hartman, Stephen E. Biffar, Leonard M. Weinstock, and Roger TullCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 5, 960–962Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00399a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00399a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anycasting in connection-oriented computer networks: Models, algorithms and results (2010)

Anycasting in connection-oriented computer networks: Models, algorithms and results Our discussion in this article centers around various issues related to the use of anycasting in connection-oriented computer networks. Anycast is defined as a one-to-one-of-many transmission to deliver a packet to one of many hosts. Anycasting can be applied if the same content is replicated over many locations in the network. Examples of network techniques that apply anycasting are Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), Domain Name Service (DNS), Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems. The role of anycasting is growing concurrently with the popularity of electronic music, movies, and other content required by Internet users. In this work we focus on the optimization of anycast flows in connection-oriented networks. We formulate a model of anycast connections and next propose a heuristic algorithm based on the Lagrangean relaxation aimed to optimize jointly routes for anycast and unicast connections. Results of numerical experiments are presented and evaluated. Finally, we analyze briefly problems related to anycasting in dynamic routing and multi-layer networks.
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Cyanide-Bridged, Iron(II) Spin-Crossover Coordination Polymers:  Estimation of Vibrational Contributions to the Entropy Change Associated with the Spin Transition (2002)

A series of cyanide-bridged, iron(II) spin-crossover coordination polymers of formula Fe(py)2[M(CN)4] (M = Pd or Pt; py = pyridine) and Fe(pz)[M(CN)4]·2H2O (M = Ni, Pd, or Pt; pz = pyrazine) have been studied by recording the Raman and infrared (IR) spectra of their low-spin (LS) and high-spin (HS) forms in the solid state. Spectral changes upon metal and ligand substitution were used to guide the assignment of vibrational modes. Vibrational entropy changes upon spin transition were analyzed within the harmonic approximation. The results confirm the major contribution of the Fe−ligand vibrations to the overall entropy change associated with the spin transition (∼60%), butcontrary to expectationsreveal significant changes in other intra- and intermolecular vibrations, of possible relevance to the high cooperativity of the spin transition.
Effect of Mutation Order on Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (2015)

The order in which JAK2 and TET2 mutations were acquired influenced clinical features, the response to targeted therapy, the biology of stem and progenitor cells, and clonal evolution in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. (Funded by Leukemia and Lymphoma Research and others.).