gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chondroitin sulfate and dynamic loading alter chondrogenesis of human MSCs in PEG hydrogels (2012)

While biochemical and biomechanical cues are known to play important roles in directing stem cell differentiation, there remains little known regarding how these inextricably linked biological cues impact the differentiation fate of human marrow stromal cells (hMSCs). This study investigates the chondrogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs when encapsulated in a three dimensional (3D) hydrogel and exposed to a biochemical cue, chondroitin sulfate (ChS), a biomechanical cue, dynamic loading, and their combination. hMSCs were encapsulated in bioinert poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels only, PEG hydrogels modified with covalently incorporated methacrylated ChS and cultured under free swelling conditions or subjected to delayed intermittent dynamic loading for 2 weeks. The 3D hydrogel environment led to the expression of chondrogenic genes (SOX9) and proteins (aggrecan and collagen II), but also upregulated hypertrophic genes (RUNX2 and Col X mRNA) and proteins (collagen X), while the application of loading generally led to a downregulation in chondrogenic proteins (collagen II). The presence of ChS led to elevated levels of aggrecan, but also collagen I, protein expression and when combined with dynamic loading downregulated, but did not suppress, hypertrophic genes (Col X and RUNX2) and collagen I protein expression. Taken together, this study demonstrates that while the 3D environment induces early terminal differentiation during chondrogenesis of hMSCs, the incorporation of ChS into PEG hydrogels may slow the terminal differentiation process down the hypertrophic lineage particularly when dynamic loading is applied.
Indicator Technique for Antimetabolic Toxin Production by Phytopathogenic Species of <i>Pseudomonas</i> (1980)

A simple bacteriological technique involving inhibition zone production on a lawn of Escherichia coli was developed to detect antimetabolite toxin production by phytopathogenic species of Pseudomonas. It was established that the mechanism of E. coli inhibition paralleled that of phytotoxin-induced chlorosis of plant tissue. Derivatives of Pseudomonas tabaci and Pseudomonas phaseolicola which did not produce antimetabolite were readily identified by use of this technique. The presence of plasmid DNA in P. tabaci strains was demonstrated, but no physical evidence for plasmid involvement in tabtoxin production was found. The role of antimetabolite production in the pathogenicity of P. phaseolicola was also investigated. The method was extended to show that strains of P. maculicola, P. syringae, and P. coronofaciens also produce antimetabolites.
Multichip assembly with flipped integrated circuits (1989)

A multichip module process has been developed using flipped-chip interconnection. The process uses plated copper bumps for superior thermal transport characteristics, active silicon as a substrate material for matched expansion properties, on-chip interconnection metallization that allows bumps to be placed over the active circuitry, and conventional wafer fabrication facilities for low-cost production. For successful design and fabrication of multichip assemblies, an organized methodology similar to that which has proved successful in design and assembly of single VLSI circuits was used. This approach involves: computer-aided modeling of the circuit and package for electrical, thermal, and mechanical simulation; test chips for process development and failure mechanism testing; and fabrication of actual demonstration circuits. Verification of function and reliability was then made through temperature cycle testing (-65 degrees C to 150 degrees C), exposure to accelerated moisture environments, and measure of heat dissipation properties. This approach and an example of its application to a multichip module that demonstrated successful performance on the first design pass are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Composite fan-shaped SAW transducers (2002)

In a proposed surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter construction a signal processing is carried out in two parallel acoustic channels. Due to a slanted configuration of fan-shaped interdigital transducers, a delay time difference between two components of the output signal depends on a signal frequency, while a filter delay time is constant. This offers 7-10 dB improvement of a stopband rejection without any frequency response flatness deterioration in the filter passband.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Smart phone machinery vibration measurement (2011)

This paper presents a computationally economical algorithm that provides RMS value of vibration velocity calculated using the accelerometer measurements embedded in modern smartphones. This measurement extends the use of smartphones to quickly diagnose the health status of machinery.
Relation of teachers' mindfulness with classroom and students outcomes: Examining potential mediating mechanisms (2020)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest among researchers to investigate the efficacy of mindfulness within the educational sector. However, the majority of existing studies have focused on intrapersonal effects, such as the benefits of mindfulness interventions experienced by specific student or teacher samples. Set within a tertiary institution in Singapore, the present research examines the relations of teachers' trait and state mindfulness with classroom and student outcomes as well as the potential mediating mechanisms.
An Active Low-Loss Motor Terminal Filter for Overvoltage Suppression and Common-Mode Current Reduction (2011)

Inverter-fed motor drive systems are widely used in industrial applications because of their energy efficiency and flexible control of machinery using maintenance-free induction motors. As switching inverters generate fast-switching voltage pulses, the transmission-line effects of the motor cable and motor stator windings become significant, and may lead to a doubling of the supply voltage to the motor and cable, overvoltage inside the motor windings, and an increase in the common-mode current. Such phenomena cause premature failure of the motor and cable insulation. A typical protective measure is the use of a passive filter to reduce the voltage surges and alter the rise time of the voltage pulses at the motor terminals. However, most passive filters have the drawbacks of bulky size and high power loss. This paper presents an active terminal filter that can perform the same functions as the passive filters with low power dissipation. An experimental filter has been built and evaluated on a 1-hp three-phase motor drive system with different motor cable lengths. A comparative study into the performance among the commonly used RLC filter and RC filter, and the proposed filter is provided.
Responses to the soluble flagellar protein FliC are Th2, while those to FliC on <i>Salmonella</i> are Th1 (2004)

Features of the Th1 or Th2 phenotype start to develop during CD4 T cell priming. This study of the response to the bacterial flagellar protein FliC shows that either Th1 or Th2 responses can be induced in mice depending upon how FliC is presented. This is shown by assessing the cytokine mRNA and class of FliC-specific plasma cells induced in situ. Soluble recombinant (r)FliC and polymerized FliC are strongly Th2 polarizing, inducing IL-4, NIP45 and c-Maf mRNA as well as epsilon and gamma1 switch transcripts and switching to IgG1. CD28-requirement for this switching shows its T cell dependence. rFliC was unable to induce markers of Th1 activity including IL-12, T-bet and IFN-gamma. Conversely, when FliC is presented in its native context surface-bound on live, flagellated Salmonella, switching is predominantly to IgG2a (IgG2c in C57BL/6 mice), reflecting Th1 activity. The development of divergent FliC-specific polarization to either Th1 or Th2 indicates that the context in which this antigen is encountered rather than its intrinsic immunostimulatory properties determines the direction of Th polarization.
Estimating Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emissions based on Instantaneous Speed and Acceleration Levels (2002)

Several hybrid regression models that predict hot stabilized vehicle fuel consumption and emission rates for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks are presented in this paper. Key input variables to these models are instantaneous vehicle speed and acceleration measurements. The energy and emission models described in this paper utilize data collected at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) that included fuel consumption and emission rate measurements (CO, HC, and NOx) for five light-duty vehicles and three light-duty trucks as a function of the vehicle’s instantaneous speed and acceleration levels. The fuel consumption and emission models are found to be highly accurate as compared to the ORNL data, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.92 to 0.99. Given that the models utilize the vehicle’s instantaneous speed and acceleration levels as independent variables, these models are capable of evaluating the environmental impacts of operational-level projects including intelligent transportation systems. The models developed in this study have been incorporated within the INTEGRATION microscopic traffic simulation model to further demonstrate their application and relevance to the transportation profession. Furthermore, these models have been utilized in conjunction with global positioning system speed measurements to evaluate the energy and environmental impacts of operational-level projects in the field.
Protein S1 counteracts the inhibitory effect of the extended Shine???Dalgarno sequence on translation (2002)

There are two major components of Escherichia coli ribosomes directly involved in selection and binding of mRNA during initiation of protein synthesis-the highly conserved 3' end of 16S rRNA (aSD) complementary to the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) domain of mRNA, and the ribosomal protein S1. A contribution of the SD-aSD and S1-mRNA interactions to translation yield in vivo has been evaluated in a genetic system developed to compare efficiencies of various ribosome-binding sites (RBS) in driving beta-galactosidase synthesis from the single-copy (chromosomal) lacZ gene. The in vivo experiments have been supplemented by in vitro toeprinting and gel-mobility shift assays. A shortening of a potential SD-aSD duplex from 10 to 8 and to 6 bp increased the beta-galactosidase yield (four- and sixfold, respectively) suggesting that an extended SD-aSD duplex adversely affects translation, most likely due to its redundant stability causing ribosome stalling at the initiation step. Translation yields were significantly increased upon insertion of the A/U-rich S1 binding targets upstream of the SD region, but the longest SD remained relatively less efficient. In contrast to complete 30S ribosomes, the S1-depleted 30S particles have been able to form an extended SD-aSD duplex, but not the true ternary initiation complex. Taken together, the in vivo and in vitro data allow us to conclude that S1 plays two roles in translation initiation: It forms an essential part of the mRNA-binding track even when mRNA bears a long SD sequence, and through the binding to the 5' untranslated region, it can ensure a substantial enhancing effect on translation.
Impaired functional connectivity at EEG alpha and theta frequency bands in major depression (2006)

Recent reports on functional brain imaging in major depression have lead to an assumption that observed psychopathology might be related to an altered brain functional connectivity. Our hypothesis was that an increase in brain functional connectivity occurs in major depression. As a measure of functional connectivity, the electroencephalogram (EEG) structural synchrony approach was used in 12 medication-free depressive outpatients and 10 control subjects. Differences in the number and strength of structurally synchronized EEG patterns were compared between groups. In depressive patients the number and strength of short cortex functional connections were significantly larger for the left than for the right hemisphere, while the number and strength of long functional connections were significantly larger for the right than for the left hemisphere. Some of the functional connections were positively correlated with the severity of depression, thus being predictive. These were short-range anterior, posterior, and left hemisphere functional connections for the alpha frequency band and short-range anterior functional connections for the theta frequency band. The topology of the most representative functional connections among all patients with major depression indicated that the right anterior and left posterior brain parts may discriminate depressive patients from healthy controls. The obtained data support our hypothesis that there is an increase in brain functional connectivity in major depression. This finding was interpreted within the semantic framework, where different specialization of left (monosemantic context) and right (polysemantic context) hemispheres is functionally insufficient in patients with depression.
Endoscopic procedures: past, present, and future. (1993)

1. For centuries, direct visual inspection of patients has been recognized as an important means of medical diagnosis. Hippocrates II wrote of examining the rectum with a speculum. In Pompeii, a vaginal speculum was found. The first record of a mirror being used to reflect light into an internal organ is credited to Abulkasim (936-1013), an Arabian physician who used the device to inspect a cervix. 2. Endoscopic surgery has become the standard for many operative procedures over the past few years. Some believe it is the most important advancement in medicine since the introduction of antibiotics. 3. The challenge for nurses is still evolving. Technology continues to increase at an exponential rate; some advocates of laparoscopy predict that almost every operation can and will eventually be performed by this method.
Molecular forms, binding functions, and developmental expression patterns of cytotactin and cytotactin-binding proteoglycan, an interactive pair of extracellular matrix molecules (1988)

Cytotactin is an extracellular matrix protein that is found in a restricted distribution and is related to developmental patterning at a number of neural and non-neural sites. It has been shown to bind specifically to other extracellular matrix components including a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (cytotactin-binding [CTB] proteoglycan) and fibronectin. Cell binding experiments have revealed that cytotactin interacts with neurons and fibroblasts. When isolated from brain, both cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan contain the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope. Here, specific antibodies prepared against highly purified cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan were used to correlate the biochemical alterations and modes of binding of these proteins with their differential tissue expression as a function of time and place during chicken embryo development. It was found that, during neural development, both the levels of expression of cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan and of the molecular forms of each molecule varied, following different time courses. In addition, a novel Mr 250,000 form of cytotactin was detected that contained chondroitin sulfate. The intermolecular binding of cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan and the binding of cytotactin to fibroblasts were characterized further and found to be inhibited by EDTA, consistent with a dependence on divalent cations. Unlike the molecules from neural tissue, cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan isolated from non-neural tissues such as fibroblasts lacked the HNK-1 epitope. Nevertheless, the intermolecular and cellular binding activities of cytotactin isolated from fibroblast culture medium were comparable to those of the molecule isolated from brain, suggesting that the HNK-1 epitope is not directly involved in binding. Binding experiments involving enzymatically altered molecules that lack chondroitin sulfate suggested that this glycosaminoglycan is also not directly involved in binding. Although they clearly formed a binding couple, the spatial distributions of cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan in the embryo were not always coincident. They were similar in tissue sections from the cerebellum, gizzard, and vascular smooth muscle. In contrast, CTB proteoglycan was present in cardiac muscle where no cytotactin is present, and it was seen in cartilage throughout development unlike cytotactin, which was present only in immature chondrocytes. Cell culture experiments were consistent with the previous conclusion that cytotactin was specifically synthesized by glia, whereas CTB proteoglycan was specifically synthesized by neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Test and diagnosis strategies for digital devices: methodologies and tools (2012)

Questo lavoro di tesi propone una tecnica di diagnosis adattativa per sistemi digitali
complessi denominata Automatic Fault Detective. Questa metodologia e basata sul
modello delle Reti Bayesiane ed e basata su un modello del sistema ad un alto
livello di astrazione, per facilitare il compito dell'ingegnere di test.
In questa tesi, sono esplorate diverse linee di ricerva per l'applicazione
della metodologia, con l'obiettivo di ottimizzare il costo del processo di diagnosi:
la ricerca di un test set minimo iniziale per l'identificazione di un guasto,
la selezione adattativa passo-passo dei test da eseguire su ogni istanza
di un sistema, un analisi di robustezza delle conclusioni della diagnosi.
I metodi proposti sono stati verificati in simulazione sistemi ideali (per provare
la correttezza dei risultati) e implementati in alcuni sistemi industriali
di esempio.
Small Molecules Greatly Improve Conversion of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to the Neuronal Lineage (2012)

Efficient in vitro differentiation into specific cell types is more important than ever after the breakthrough in nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells and its potential for disease modeling and drug screening. Key success factors for neuronal differentiation are the yield of desired neuronal marker expression, reproducibility, length, and cost. Three main neuronal differentiation approaches are stromal-induced neuronal differentiation, embryoid body (EB) differentiation, and direct neuronal differentiation. Here, we describe our neurodifferentiation protocol using small molecules that very efficiently promote neural induction in a 5-stage EB protocol from six induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) lines from patients with Parkinson's disease and controls. This protocol generates neural precursors using Dorsomorphin and SB431542 and further maturation into dopaminergic neurons by replacing sonic hedgehog with purmorphamine or smoothened agonist. The advantage of this approach is that all patient-specific iPSC lines tested in this study were successfully and consistently coaxed into the neural lineage.
Prevalence and Associations of Steep Cornea/Keratoconus in Greater Beijing. The Beijing Eye Study (2012)

A steep cornea/keratoconus defined as corneal refractive power of 48+ diopters has a prevalence of 0.9±0.2% among Chinese aged 50 years and above. Its prevalence was significantly associated with the ocular parameters of shorter axial length, smaller interpupillary distance, higher cylindrical and myopic refractive error and lower best corrected visual acuity, however, with none of the systemic parameters tested.
Theory of Statistical Estimation (1925)

It has been pointed out to me that some of the statistical ideas employed in the following investigation have never received a strictly logical definition and analysis. The idea of a frequency curve, for example, evidently implies an infinite hypothetical population distributed in a definite manner; but equally evidently the idea of an infinite hypothetical population requires a more precise logical specification than is contained in that phrase. The same may be said of the intimately connected idea of random sampling. These ideas have grown up in the minds of practical statisticians and lie at the basis especially of recent work; there can be no question of their pragmatic value. It was no part of my original intention to deal with the logical bases of these ideas, but some comments which Dr Burnside has kindly made have convinced me that it may be desirable to set out for criticism the manner in which I believe the logical foundations of these ideas may be established.
Cooperation of Enzymes Responsible for Polymerisation and Methylation in Pectin Biosynthesis (1969)

Some more properties of a particulate enzyme preparation from mung bean shoots capable of the formation of polygalacturonate as well as its methyl ester are reported. 1. When the preparation was freed of traces of endogenous nucleotide uronic acids by digestion with phosphodiesterase or by preincubation up to 2 hours, the methylation was still possible. This sustains the recently made proposal that the methylation proceeds by transmethylation directly to polygalacturonate and not intermediary to nucleotide uronic acids. 2. The formation of the polygalacturonate chains from radioactive UDP-galacturonate is independent of the methylation process. 3. The polygalacturonate methyl transferase does not methylate exogenous polygalacturonate. In contrast, the rate of pectin methyl ester formation is strongly increased if additional polygalacturonate is pregenerated in the enzyme preparation by incubation with UDP-galacturonate followed by digestion with phosphodiesterase. This may indicate that the enzymes for polymerization and methylation as well as the pectic substances are localized intimately together in structural compartments.
Monitoring Algorithms for Metric Temporal Logic Specifications (2005)

Program execution traces can be so large in practical testing and monitoring applications that it would be very expensive, if not impossible, to store them for detailed analysis. Monitoring execution traces without storing them, can be a nontrivial matter for many specification formalisms, because complex formulae may require a considerable amount of information about the past. Metric temporal logic (MTL) is an extension of propositional linear temporal logic with discrete-timebounded temporal operators. In MTL, one can specify time limits within which certain temporal properties must hold, thus making it very suitable to express real-time monitoring requirements. In this paper, we present monitoring algorithms for checking timestamped execution traces against formulae in MTL or certain important sublogics of it. We also present lower bounds for the monitoring problem, showing that the presented algorithms are asymptotically optimal.
Instructional documents in Spanish and Dutch: Do they really differ? (1996)

Literature on intercultural technical communication suggests that cultural differences influence communication variables. however, there does not seem te be a convincing empirical base upon which the bold assumptions in scientific and practical publications van be founded. A smal-scale study was carried out to look for culture-related textual differences in user manuals from Spain and the Netherlands. The results do not support the assumptions made in the literature.
The relationship of adenoid weight to tonsillar weight (1983)

Nearly 70 per cent of contemporary ENT consultants perform adenoidectomy as a routine when removing the tonsils. It has been stated in the literature that adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy tend to co-exist and so a study was set up to investigate this hypothesis, with the possibility that it may be of diagnostic importance. A series of 45 children admitted for the operations of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy was investigated. No correlation was found between adenoid weight and tonsil weight. In view of this, it was concluded that tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy do not necessarily co-exist and that tonsil size cannot be used to predict adenoid size.