gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<I>Lps2</I>: a new locus required for responses to lipopolysaccharide, revealed by germline mutagenesis and phenotypic screening (2003)

Both forward and reverse genetic techniques have been used to define components of the mammalian lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor. TLR4, identified by a forward genetic approach as the product of the classical Lps locus, is the only known transmembrane component of the mammalian LPS receptor. Gene knockout work has also established that LPS signal transduction requires the integrity of CD14, MD-2, and, in part, MyD88, IRAK4, and TRAF-6. However, there is no reason to believe that these are the only proteins that make up the receptor/transducer apparatus. To examine the possibility that other proteins may be involved, we initiated a mutagenesis program, in which germline mutations are induced in mice using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), and macrophages from individual animals are screened for their competence to respond to LPS. We now report the existence of a new locus, Lps2, which is required for TNF production in response to LPS. The Lps2 mutation that we have identified is co-dominant, is similar in phenotypic effect to Lpsd, and does not represent a novel allele of any of the genes that are known to encode the 'core' LPS signaling apparatus. The Lps2 mutation does not preclude signaling initiated by peptidoglycan or unmethylated DNA. Hence, genetic data suggest that there is at least one 'missing' component of the LPS receptor complex that has yet to be found.
PRODUCTION OF OXYGENATED FUELS FROM BIOMASS: IMPACT OF FEEDSTOCK STORAGE (1996)

ABSTRACT Biomass pyrolysis oils were produced from stored biomass feedstocks by rapid pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor. The feedstocks used for these studies were switchgrass, com stover, and hybrid poplar. The woody and herbaceous feedstocks were stored in chip piles and bales, respectively, unprotected in an open field for 6 months. At the end of the storage period, biomass samples were taken from the interior of bales and the centers of chip piles for pyrolysis studies. The materials were ground to pass −20/+80 mesh and dried to less than 10% moisture content before pyrolyzing in the fluidized bed reactor. Pyrolysis was conducted at 500°C and with less than 0·4 s. vapor residence time. Total liquid yields were as high as 66% for the hybrid poplar and as low as 58% for the com stover. Moisture content of the oils was between 10% and 13%. Gas and char/ash yields were 10-15% and 12-22%, respectively. The char/ash yields were feedstock dependent, but storage influence was significant for only the com stover feedstock. Gas and liquid yields were not influenced by storage time. The oils were highly oxygenated and had higher heating values (HHV) of 23-24 MJlkg that decreased slightly with storage time for all the feedstocks except the switchgrass. The oils, as currently produced, are high in ash and alkali metals. Ultimately, they will be upgraded and used as boiler and turbine fuels.
CdS nanoparticle-modified electrodes for photoelectrochemical studies (1999)

S. Drouard, S. G. Hickey and D. Jason Riley, Chem. Commun., 1999, 67 DOI: 10.1039/A808572B
Evolution of the crystalline texture of high-density polyethylene during uniaxial compression (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvolution of the crystalline texture of high-density polyethylene during uniaxial compressionZ. Bartczak, R. E. Cohen, and A. S. ArgonCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 18, 4692–4704Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00044a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00044a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views867Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The reading appliance revolution (1999)

In the 1970s, Alan Kay and his colleagues at Xerox PARC envisioned a dynamic, interactive electronic book. Now, nearly 30 years later, that vision has become a reality. A new kind of personal information appliance-the reading appliance-is emerging as a tool for serious readers. But is the world ready for reading appliances? The authors believe that these appliances are indeed viable. Advances in mobile hardware have made it possible to build the necessary hardware. Additionally, the Web has created a market for online reading by introducing millions of people to it, and books, magazines, newspapers, advertisements, and other printed matter can be produced and read at very low cost. Network based digital libraries increase the availability of information, but people still tend to print the documents to work with them. Electronic book and document readers will neither replace paper nor will they replace desktop computers. Instead, they will occupy their own unique and valuable role in our lives, bringing the paper and computer worlds closer together.
Structure of the human gene and two rat cDNAs encoding the alpha chain of GTP-binding regulatory protein Go: two different mRNAs are generated by alternative splicing. (1991)

Go is a specific class ("other") of signal-transducing heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) that is expressed in high levels in mammalian brain. We have cloned two different rat cDNAs encoding the alpha subunit of Go (Go alpha-1 and Go alpha-2) and a human Go alpha chromosomal gene. The human Go alpha gene spans more than 100 kilobases and contains 11 exons, including one noncoding exon in the 3' flanking region. The 5' flanking region is highly G + C-rich and contains five G.C boxes (Sp1 binding sites) but no TATA box. Exons 7 and 8 coding for amino acid residues 242-354 of Go alpha protein are duplicated (referred to as exons 7A, 7B, 8A, and 8B). It was found that exons 7A and 8A code for Go alpha-1, and 7B and 8B code for Go alpha-2. This indicates that two different Go alpha mRNAs may be generated by alternative splicing of a single Go alpha gene. The splice sites of the Go alpha-1 and Go alpha-2 genes are completely identical with those encoding human inhibitory G protein alpha subunits Gi2 alpha and Gi3 alpha [Itoh, H., Toyama, R., Kozasa, T., Tsukamoto, T., Matsuoka, M. & Kaziro, Y. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 6656-6664] and also transducin G protein alpha subunit Gt1 alpha [Raport, C. J., Dere, B. & Hurley, J. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 7122-7128]. Sequence homology and conservation of the exon-intron organization indicate that the genes coding for Go alpha, Gi2 alpha, Gi3 alpha, Gt1 alpha, and probably Gi1 alpha may be evolved from a common progenitor. Like Go alpha-1, Go alpha-2 is expressed mainly in brain.
Interferon-γ Can Stimulate Post-proteasomal Trimming of the N Terminus of an Antigenic Peptide by Inducing Leucine Aminopeptidase (1998)

Most antigenic peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are generated during protein breakdown by proteasomes, whose specificity is altered by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). When extended versions of the ovalbumin-derived epitope SIINFEKL are expressed in vivo, the correct C terminus is generated by proteasomal cleavage, but distinct cytosolic protease(s) generate its N terminus. To identify the other protease(s) involved in antigen processing, we incubated soluble extracts of HeLa cells with the 11-mer QLESIINFEKL, which in vivo is processed to the antigenic 8-mer (SIINFEKL) by a proteasome-independent pathway. This 11-mer was converted to the 9-mer by sequential removal of the N-terminal residues, but surprisingly the extract showed little or no endopeptidase or carboxypeptidase activity against this precursor. After treatment of cells with IFN-gamma, this N-terminal trimming was severalfold faster and proceeded to the antigenic 8-mer. The IFN-treated cells also showed greater aminopeptidase activity against many model fluorogenic substrates. Upon extract fractionation, three bestatin-sensitive aminopeptidase peaks were detected. One was induced by IFN-gamma and was identified immunologically as leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). Purified LAP, like the extracts of IFN-gamma-treated cells, processed the 11-mer peptide to SIINFEKL. Thus, IFN-gamma not only promotes proteasomal cleavages that determine the C termini of antigenic peptides, but also can stimulate formation of their N termini by inducing LAP. This enzyme appears to catalyze the trimming of the N terminus of this and presumably other proteasome-derived precursors. Thus, susceptibility to LAP may be an important influence on the generation on immunodominant epitopes.
Enyne versus Diene RCM in the Synthesis of Cyclopentene Derivatives toward the A Ring of FR182877 (2004)

The A ring of FR182877, exemplified by ent-4-b,c, has been synthesized, involving an enyne RCM as the key step. A systematic comparison of enyne vs diene RCM for the formation of cyclopentene derivatives showed that the latter metathesis proceeds much more easily even for this ring size.
Crowdsourcing as a model for problem solving: leveraging the collective intelligence of online communities for public good (2012)

Chemical pruritogens and algogens evoke primarily itch and pain, respectively, when administered to the skin of healthy human subjects. However, the dominant sensory quality elicited by an algesic chemical stimulus may change in patients with chronic itch where bradykinin, elicits itch in addition to pain. Here we tested whether normally pruritic and algesic chemicals evoked abnormal itch- or pain-like behaviors in the mouse after the development of contact hypersensitivity (CHS), an animal model of allergic contact dermatitis. Mice previously sensitized to a hapten (squaric acid dibutylester) applied to the abdomen, exhibited spontaneous itch-like scratching and pain-like wiping directed to the site on the cheek of the CHS elicited by a subsequent challenge with the same hapten. In comparison with responses of control mice, CHS mice exhibited a significant increase in the scratching evoked by bovine adrenal medulla 8-22, a peptide that elicits a histamine-independent itch, but did not alter the scratching to histamine. Bradykinin, an algogen that elicited only wiping in control mice, additionally evoked significant scratching in CHS mice. Thus, within an area of CHS, histamine-independent itch is enhanced and chemically evoked pain is accompanied by itch.
A simultaneous purification of human prothrombin and factor IX. (1982)

Human factor IX has been purified from a commercial prothrombin complex concentrate (Proplex®) with a yield of 17%. The purified factor IX preparation had a specific activity of 171 units per mg protein. The purification procedure involves BaSO4 adsorption-elution, 40-70% saturated (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, heparin-Sepharose 4B chromatography, and preparative disc gel electrophoresis. The final product is homogeneous on an analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and has an apparent molecular weight (mol. wt.) of 57, 000 which is not changed by chemical reduction.The monospecific antiserum to factor IX was raised against rabbits, and possessed an inhibitory activity equivalent to 35 Bethesda units per ml.In the course of factor IX purification, prothrombin (mol. wt. 72, 000) has also been purified (36% yield), and has been shown to have a specific activity of 8.6 units per mg protein.
Matlab as a development environment for FPGA design (2005)

In this paper we discuss an efficient design flow from Matlab® to FPGA. Employing Matlab for algorithm research and as system level language allows efficient transition from algorithm development to implementation. We show that integrating Matlab with HDL design tools such as HDL designer® and Precision-C® , an efficient design flow, suitable for rapid prototyping, can be obtained. The design flow accelerates process of algorithm development and simplifies test-bench formulation and verification process. The overall development time thus can be significantly reduced. We elaborate on the advantages and disadvantages of the design flow. It will be shown that Matlab based design flow generates functional specifications that are useful for RTL development.
Effect of pH on the Gelation Time of Hexylene-Bridged Polysilsesquioxanes (2004)

The effect of pH on the gelation time of hexylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes was determined with the sol−gel polymerization of 1,6-bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane (1) in methanol. Gel times formed a crude bell curve plotted against pH with the longest gel times of 660 h near pH 5. This represents the first systematic study of the effects of pH on the gelation of polysilsesquioxanes.
Omnidirectional Free-viewpoint Rendering Using a Deformable 3-D Mesh Model (2010)

This paper proposes a method to render free viewpoint images from omnidirectional videos using a deformable 3-D mesh model. In the proposed method, a 3-D mesh is placed in front of a virtual viewpoint and deformed by using the pre-estimated omnidirectional depth maps that are selected on the basis of position and posture of the virtual viewpoint. Although our approach is fundamentally based on the model-based rendering approach that renders a geometrically correct virtualized world, in order to avoid the hole problem, we newly employ a viewpoint-dependent deformable 3-D model instead of the use of a unified 3-D model that is generally used in the model based rendering approach. In experiments, free-viewpoint images are generated from the omnidirectional video captured by an omnidirectional multi camera system to show the feasibility of the proposed method for walk-through applications in the virtualized environment.
Protocol: Streamlined sub-protocols for floral-dip transformation and selection of transformants in Arabidopsis thaliana (2009)

Generating and identifying transformants is essential for many studies of gene function. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a revolutionary protocol termed floral dip is now the most widely used transformation method. Although robust, it involves a number of relatively time-consuming and laborious steps, including manipulating an Agrobacterium tumefaciens culture and aseptic procedures for the selection of plant lines harboring antibiotic-selection markers. Furthermore, where multiple transgenes are to be introduced, achieving this by sequential transformations over multiple generations adds significantly to the time required. To circumvent these bottlenecks, we have developed three streamlined sub-protocols. First, we find that A. thaliana can be transformed by dipping directly into an A. tumefaciens culture supplemented with surfactant, eliminating the need for media exchange to a buffered solution. Next, we illustrate that A. thaliana lines possessing a double-transformation event can be readily generated by simply by floral-dipping into a mixture of two A. tumefaciens cultures harboring distinct transformation vectors. Finally, we report an alternative method of transformant selection on chromatography sand that does not require surface sterilization of seeds. These sub-protocols, which can be used separately or in combination, save time and money, and reduce the possibility of contamination.
Coexpression with β<sub>1</sub>-subunit modifies the kinetics and fatty acid block of hH1<sub>α</sub>Na<sup>+</sup>channels (2000)

Voltage-gated cardiac Na(+) channels are composed of alpha- and beta(1)-subunits. In this study beta(1)-subunit was cotransfected with the alpha-subunit of the human cardiac Na(+) channel (hH1(alpha)) in human embryonic kidney (HEK293t) cells. The effects of this coexpression on the kinetics and fatty acid-induced suppression of Na(+) currents were assessed. Current density was significantly greater in HEK293t cells coexpressing alpha- and beta(1)-subunits (I(Na,alpha beta)) than in HEK293t cells expressing alpha-subunit alone (I(Na,alpha)). Compared with I(Na,alpha), the voltage-dependent inactivation and activation of I(Na,alpha beta) were significantly shifted in the depolarizing direction. In addition, coexpression with beta(1)-subunit prolonged the duration of recovery from inactivation. Eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, C20:5(n-3)] significantly reduced I(Na,alpha beta) in a concentration-dependent manner and at 5 microM shifted the midpoint voltage of the steady-state inactivation by -22 +/- 1 mV. EPA also significantly accelerated channel transition from the resting state to the inactivated state and prolonged the recovery time from inactivation. Docosahexaenoic acid [C22:6(n-3)], alpha-linolenic acid [C18:3(n-3)], and conjugated linoleic acid [C18:2(n-6)] at 5 microM significantly inhibited both I(Na,alpha beta) and I(Na,alpha.) In contrast, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids had no effects on I(Na,alpha beta). This finding differs from the results for I(Na,alpha), which was significantly inhibited by both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Our data demonstrate that functional association of beta(1)-subunit with hH1(alpha) modifies the kinetics and fatty acid block of the Na(+) channel.
The effect of knowledge representation schemes on maintainability of knowledge-based systems (1996)

Uses an experimental approach to investigate the representational effects of knowledge on maintainability, and compares this with the structural effects of rule sets investigated by Davis (1990). Results show that an object-based system, compared to a structured rule-based system, was easier to maintain in terms of the time to do the maintenance tasks, but not necessarily in terms of accuracy of the alterations. However, in some instances, subsumption and redundancies were introduced into the rule-based system, which can cause problems for subsequent maintenance. Subjects perceived the structured rule-base system as more complex than the object-oriented system, and perceived the object structure as more useful than the rule modularization and documentation.
Use of packing in obstetric hemorrhage of uterine origin. (2003)

Uterine packing may be a reasonable alternative to further surgical intervention in patients with intractable obstetric hemorrhage who wish to preserve fertility.
From Reconfigurable Architectures to Self-Adaptive Autonomic Systems (2009)

Systems on a chip (SoC) can draw various benefits such as adaptability and efficient acceleration of compute-intensive tasks from the inclusion of reconfigurable hardware as a system component. Dynamic reconfiguration capabilities of current reconfigurable devices create an additional dimension in the temporal domain. During the design space exploration phase, overheads associated with reconfiguration and hardware/software interfacing need to be evaluated carefully in order to harvest the full potential of dynamic reconfiguration. In order to overcome the limits deriving by the increasing complexity and the associated workload to maintain such complex infrastructure, one possibility is to adopt self-adaptive and autonomic computing systems. A self-adaptive and autonomic computing system is a system able to configure, heal, optimize and protect itself without the need for human intervention.
Classification of Micro-waterlogged Region in Four-lake Region and Terraced Agricultural Model in Different Districts (2003)

The cause of waterlogged disaster in Four-lake Region was analysed, and the land type of micro-waterlogged region in Four-lake Region was classified as 6 kinds according to the difference of the micro-land forms and waterlogged situation. Different ecological agricultural models were set up respectively in the plat-shaped lowland. According to the different altitude the models were named re-spectively water circle, flooded circle, waterlogged circle, dry field circle and courtyard circle. The models' comprehensive benefit was remarkable.
Corneal Hysteresis, Resistance Factor, Topography, and Pachymetry After Corneal Lamellar Flap (2007)

The creation of a stromal flap can modify the biomechanical properties of the cornea, including a reduction in corneal hysteresis. The topographic changes were consistent with previously reported cases of flap cut in normal corneas.
Anywhere Computing with Laptops: Making Mobile Easier (One-Off) (2005)

You bought your Centrino laptop computer because of its ease-of-use and portability. But are you using your laptop to its maximum potential? Anywhere Computing with Laptops: Making Mobile Easier will show you what to expect when buying and configuring your laptop and how to use built-in features such as digital cameras and Internet telephones. When you're on the road, there are hotspots that will allow you to connect to multiple national networks for access to data and the Internet. This book will show you how to find these hotspots, as well as how to install and configure a wireless network for your home or office. Use your laptop the way it was intended - from anywhere!
Cyclialkylation studies. 3. Acid-catalyzed cyclodehydration of some benzyltetralols, with and without rearrangement, to yield tetracyclic hydrocarbons (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclialkylation studies. 3. Acid-catalyzed cyclodehydration of some benzyltetralols, with and without rearrangement, to yield tetracyclic hydrocarbonsRamanujam S. Prasad and Royston M. RobertsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 9, 2998–3000Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00009a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00009a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts