gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct fabrication of high aspect-ratio metal oxide nanopatterns via sequential infiltration synthesis in lithographically defined SU-8 templates (2015)

Nanopatterning high aspect-ratio metal oxide structures remains challenging for conventional nanofabrication methods based on reactive ion etching due to marginal etch selectivity between target oxides and typical mask materials. Here, the authors report the application of sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) on lithographically defined SU-8 polymer templates for patterning arbitrarily designed, high aspect-ratio metal oxide nanostructures with sub-50 nm linewidths, smooth vertical profiles, and three-dimensional (3D) morphologies difficult to achieve by the conventional fabrication methods. As examples, various AlOx nanostructures with ∼40 nm linewidths and up to 16 aspect ratios were demonstrated, along with TiOx in-plane nanowire arrays of controlled positional registrations. Detailed scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed nanocrystalline and amorphous internal structures of respective AlOx and TiOx, as well as the swelling and contraction behaviors of polymer templates during the SIS process, which allowed the facile fabrication of high aspect-ratio, sub-50 nm-featured oxide nanopatterns with 3D morphologies. These results confirm the potential of vapor-phase material infiltration in directly nanopatterning complexly structured metal oxides.
Nanothermochromics: Calculations for VO2 nanoparticles in dielectric hosts show much improved luminous transmittance and solar energy transmittance modulation (2010)

VO 2 -based films are thermochromic and show infrared reflectance above a “critical” temperature in the vicinity of room temperature. Implementations on energy efficient windows have been discussed for decades but have been severely curtailed since the luminous absorptance is undesirably large and the solar energy transmittance modulation is too small. Here we show by calculations based on effective medium theory that dilute composites with VO2 nanoparticles embedded in hosts with properties mimicking glass or polymer can yield significantly decreased luminous absorption jointly with much enhanced transmittance modulation of solar energy. These results demonstrate that VO2-based nanothermochromics opens new avenues toward energy efficient fenestration.
Investigating cleaning in place (CIP) chemical, water, and energy use: A comparative study of standard operating procedure (SOP) for UK North East microbreweries (2021)

The effectiveness of multiple cleaning in place (CIP) procedures was observed from different local breweries in the North East of England. Experiments were also carried out to investigate possible reductions in chemical, water and energy use with regards to CIP, without compromising the effectiveness of the CIP performed. The effectiveness of CIP cycles was quantified using Hygiena’s UltraSnap adenosine triphosphate (ATP) swabs, with a relative light unit (RLU) tolerance of <10-30 indicating a clean vessel. It is recommended that microbreweries use at least a 2% v/v dilution for caustic CIP cleaning cycles (based on a ~32% wt caustic liquor) for 35 min to ensure a thorough clean. High temperatures (40-60°C) did not indicate an improvement in cleanliness levels over ambient temperature water (10-20°C) over the 35 min cycle time. A single pass of 100 L of rinse water is adequate for vessels up to 1200 L to ensure removal of caustic residue and should be followed by a sterilisation stage. These recommendations are based on a final acid sterilisation cycle with 1% v/v dilution of a 5% wt Peracetic Acid (PAA) for at least 10 min. Reductions in the usage of caustic liquor, water and energy (heating) for caustic CIP cycles could yield microbreweries savings of over £1000 annually.   Key words: Cleaning, optimization, microbrewery.
Air leakage measurement of buildings by an infrasonic method. Final report, May 1976--December 1977 (1978)

Excessive air leakage in buildings wastes heating and cooling energy. As an alternative to the blower method for measuring the composite effective size of all the air-leakage passages of a building or part of a building, the authors used an infrasonic method to yield the same flow-versus-pressure difference information. Sinusoidably varying volumetric flows between 0.05 and 5 Hz are generated by a motor-driven bellows-like source located inside the building under test. The resulting pressure variations are measured using a microphone-like sensor having an electronic signal processor. An important advantage of the infrasonic system is that no through-the-wall vents or pressure taps are required. One house, five apartments, and three interior rooms have been tested to date. Infrasonic and blower test results usually agree within a factor of three, but improved apparatus is expected to improve the agreement in the future.
Discovery of Multitarget Agents Active as Broad-Spectrum Antivirals and Correctors of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator for Associated Pulmonary Diseases (2017)

Enteroviruses (EVs) are among the most frequent infectious agents in humans worldwide and represent the leading cause of upper respiratory tract infections. No drugs for the treatment of EV infections are currently available. Recent studies have also linked EV infection with pulmonary exacerbations, especially in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and the importance of this link is probably underestimated. The aim of this work was to develop a new class of multitarget agents active both as broad-spectrum antivirals and as correctors of the F508del-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) folding defect responsible for >90% of CF cases. We report herein the discovery of the first small molecules able to simultaneously act as correctors of the F508del-CFTR folding defect and as broad-spectrum antivirals against a panel of EVs representative of all major species.
Low-Loss Channel Waveguides in MgO:LiNbO<sub>3</sub> and LiTaO<sub>3</sub> by Pyrophosphoric Acid Proton Exchange (1992)

The characteristics of proton-exchanged MgO-doped LiNbO 3 (MgO:LiNbO 3 ) and LiTaO 3 waveguides fabricated by the pyrophosphoric acid process are reported. Using this process, low-loss (0.4 dB/cm) channel waveguides in MgO:LiNbO 3 have been realized at 633 nm without annealing. The optical damage in MgO:LiNbO 3 waveguides at 441.6 nm wavelength is lower than that obtained in LiNbO 3 . For LiTaO 3 , by annealing, low-loss (0.3 dB/cm) channel waveguides can be fabricated by pyrophosphoric acid proton exchange. No optical damage was observed in the LiTaO 3 waveguides even when the incident power was above 1 mW at 442 nm.
<title>Novel tunable liquid crystal Fabry-Perot filters for fiber optical system</title> (2001)

We propose new tunable liquid crystal Fabry-Perot filters for fiber-optical telecommunication application. The filters have a low insertion loss, fast response time, wide tunable range to cover total c-band, or L-band, or both. They are solid-state filters without moving parts and the tuning voltages are low.
Modification of a commerical NO<i>x</i> detector for high sensitivity (1982)

We describe modifications of a commercial chemiluminescent NOx detector to provide sufficiently high sensitivity to measure oxides of nitrogen in clean continental air. The changes include a larger reaction chamber, a faster vacuum pump, and a prereactor for background measurement. The detection limit, defined as a signal-to-noise ratio of 1:1 at the 2σ level, is about 0.10 ppb, with a response time of about 3 s. This corresponds to a ten-fold improvement over the original detection limit.
Accelerated hydrolysis and acidification of municipal solid waste (MSW) in a flushing anaerobic bio-reactor using treated leachate recirculation (2000)

The efficiency of anaerobic digestion for reducing the solid content of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was compared using a conventional single pass reactor (SPR) and a two stage anaerobic–aerobic process. The first stage of the two stage system used an anaerobic hydraulic flush reactor (HFR) in which the solids and liquid retention times were decoupled by retention of solids within the system. The purpose of the hydraulic flush was to wash out rapidly the fermentation intermediates from the anaerobic reactor and thus prevent their accumulation; these were subsequently removed in the second stage aerobic activated sludge system, the effluent from which was then used as the flush liquor to the first stage. The hydraulic flush reactor was operated at hydraulic (liquid) retention times of 2, 3 and 4 days with solids retention times of 30, 25, 20, 15, 10 and 5 days. In all cases the total solid content in the feed was 10% giving loading rates to the reactor in the range 3 to 21 kg total solids per m3 day; this same loading range was used in the single pass reactor. At high loadings the SPR system showed an accumulation of volatile fatty acids, peaking at 13000 mg l–1, which resulted in process failure and cessation of solids destruction. At the same process loadings the HFR system showed only a slight decline in the rate of solids destruction when using a high hydraulic flush rate.
The modeling methodology, model specifications and development of CASI (1993)

Article The modeling methodology, model specifications and development of CASI: CASE/Architecture Simulation Integration Share on Authors: Arnold J. Almanzor Computer Sciences Corporation, Integrated Systems Division, 304 West Route 38, Post Office Box N, Moorestown, New Jersey Computer Sciences Corporation, Integrated Systems Division, 304 West Route 38, Post Office Box N, Moorestown, New JerseyView Profile , Paul R. Work Computer Sciences Corporation, Integrated Systems Division, 304 West Route 38, Post Office Box N, Moorestown, New Jersey Computer Sciences Corporation, Integrated Systems Division, 304 West Route 38, Post Office Box N, Moorestown, New JerseyView Profile Authors Info & Claims WSC '93: Proceedings of the 25th conference on Winter simulationDecember 1993 Pages 657–661https://doi.org/10.1145/256563.256804Online:01 December 1993Publication History 0citation144DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads144Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Effect of Surgically Induced Endometriosis on Pregnancy and Effect of Pregnancy and Lactation on Endometriosis in Mice (1996)

Endometriosis, a disease of women and nonhuman primates in which endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, can be mimicked surgically in rats and mice. The disease is related to infertility in women, and surgical induction of endometriotic lesions reduces fertility in rats according to some studies. Conversely, pregnancy appears to have a beneficial effect on endometriosis in women and some rat studies. Our objective was to evaluate a new mouse model of surgically induced endometriosis with respect to the effects of pregnancy on endometriosis and the effects of endometriosis on pregnancy. Female B6C3F1 mice were divided into four groups. Those in Group A and B underwent induction surgery for endometriosis and hemi-ovariectomy, those in Group C underwent sham surgery and hemi-ovariectomy, and animals in Group D received no surgery at all. Three weeks later, Group A, C, and D were bred. Eighteen days later one half of the dams in Groups A, B, and C only were sacrificed, and evaluations included endometriotic lesion diameter, number of pups, fetal weight, and various organ weights. The remaining dams delivered, and, 18 days after parturition, dams and pups were sacrificed. Evaluations included gestation length and those listed above. Endometriotic lesion diameter was significantly reduced in pregnant animals when compared with nonpregnant controls, but the reduction was not a full regression. Lactation returned the mean lesion diameter to pre-pregnancy dimensions. When effects of endometriosis on pregnancy were evaluated, no effects on the litter size, pup weight, or gestation length were found, but trends toward increased resorptions and malformations were evident. Thus, in the mouse model of induced endometriosis, pregnancy produced a significant reduction in endometriotic lesion diameter while fertility was largely unaffected by the surgically induced endometriosis. The mouse model of endometriosis thus appears more resistant than the rat model to effects of endometriosis on fertility.
Breakthrough technologies for the high-performance electrical ATM switching system (1998)

A high-performance electrical asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching system is described with the goal of Tb/s ATM switching. The first step system was to use advanced Si-bipolar very large scale integrated (VLSI) technologies and the multichip technique. 1.0 /spl mu/m bipolar SST technologies and Cu-polyimide multilayer MCM realized a 160 Gb/s throughput ATM system. The performance limitations of the 160 Gb/s system were power supply/cooling and module interconnection. The new ATM switching system, named OPTIMA-1, adopted optical interconnection/distribution to overcome the limitations and achieve 640 Gb/s. The system uses high-performance complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices and optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) interconnection. Combining OPTIMA-1 with optical cell-by-cell routing functions, i.e., photonic packet routing, can realize variable bandwidth links for 5 Tb/s ATM systems. This paper first reviews high-performance electrical ATM (packet) switching system architecture and hardware technologies. In addition, system limitations are described. Next, the important breakthrough technology of optical WDM interconnection is highlighted. These technologies are adopted to form OPTIMA-1, a prototype of which is demonstrated. The key technologies of the system are advanced 80 Gb/s CMOS/MCM, electrical technologies, and 10 Gb/s, 8 WDM, 8/spl times/8 optical interconnection. Details of implementation technologies are also described. Optical cell-by-cell (packet-by-packet) routing is now being studied. From the architectural viewpoint, dynamic link bandwidth sharing will be adopted. In addition, an AWG that performs cell-by-cell routing and a distributed large scale ATM system are realized. Optical routing achieves the 5 Tb/s needed in future B-ISDN ATM backbone systems.
Modulation of neutrophil function by lysozyme. Potential negative feedback system of inflammation. (1979)

Host responses to infectious organisms should be modulated so that tissue-damaging products of inflammatory cells do not produce excessive destruction of normal tissue. Lysozyme, which is continuously secreted by monocytes, which, in turn, migrate relatively late to inflammatory areas, was found to significantly dampen several responses of neutrophils to inflammatory stimulants. Thus, human lysozyme obtained and purified from the urine of patients with monocytic leukemia (but not its structurally similar and comparably cationic analogue, eggwhite lysozyme) depresses chemotaxis of normal neutrophils to activated complement, bacterial supernate, and N-formylmethionyl-phenylalanine. In addition, human (but not eggwhite) lysozyme depresses oxidative metabolism (hexose monophosphate shunt activity) and superoxide generation of neutrophils. The specificity of the suppressive effects was indicated by inhibition studies with rabbit antihuman lysozyme antibody, and with the trisaccharide of N-acetylglucosamine, a specific inhibitor of lysozyme. The results suggest that lysozyme, a product of inflammatory cells themselves, may function in a negative feedback system to modulate the inflammatory response.
Comparison of Methods Used to Separate the Inner and Outer Membranes of Cell Envelopes of Campylobacter spp. (1988)

The outer membrane of Campylobacter coli, C. jejuni and C. fetus cell envelopes appeared as three fractions after sucrose gradient centrifugation. Each outer membrane fraction was contaminated with succinate dehydrogenase activity from the cytoplasmic membrane fraction. Similarly the inner membrane fraction was contaminated with 2-ketodeoxyoctonate and outer membrane proteins including the porin(s). The separation of these two membranes was not facilitated by variations in lysozyme treatment, cell age, presence or absence of flagella, or longer lipopolysaccharide chain length. Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate extraction resulted in an outer membrane fraction which contained some inner membrane contamination and produced multiple bands upon sucrose gradient centrifugation. Triton X-100 extraction removed the inner membrane from the outer membrane and Triton X-100/EDTA treatment extracted lipopolysaccharide-rich regions of the outer membrane which contained almost exclusively the Campylobacter porin(s). These data indicated that the inner and outer membranes of the Campylobacter cell envelope were very difficult to separate, possibly because of extensive fusions between these two membranes.
Challenges in the design and production of narrow-band filters for optical fiber telecommunications (2000)

Optical fiber communication involves the transmission through a fiber of an optical signal consisting of a carrier with superimposed information. The bandwidth of the optical signal is only a small fraction of the wavelength region that an optical fiber is capable of transmitting. The volume of information can therefore be increased by adding further simultaneously transmitted carriers of wavelengths sufficiently separated to avoid overlapping bandwidths - a process known as wavelength division multiplexing. The available wavelength region for each individual carrier is known as channel and the ability to combine and separate the signals carried by the various channels is an important system feature. Drop, add, multiplexing and demultiplexing are terms used to describe such operations, and narrow-band thin-film filters arranged to transmit one channel and reflect all others are ideal beam splitters for these applications. Thin-film narrow-band filters have a long history and are well understood. The basic principles involved in narrow-band filters for wavelength division multiplexing are, therefore, not new. What is new is the unprecedentedly high level of performance demanded by the application. Meeting these demands has required entirely new approaches to design, manufacture and testing of the components, currently operating in the near infrared around 1550nm. Even the terminology, such as insertion loss and crosstalk, breaks with tradition. Center-wavelength precision, peak transmittance and residual reflectance levels, uniformity, and environmental stability all present special challenges. In spite of all this such filters are being successfully designed and manufactured. This paper reviews the fundamental problems.
Gastric Cytoprotection by Ornoprostil, a PGE1 Analogue, in Human Subjects (1991)

Ornoprostil, a methyl derivative of PGE1 developed in Japan, was tested for its effect on gastric mucosal damage caused by ethanol in human subjects. Sixteen healthy volunteers were given either ornoprostil or a placebo, followed by 20 ml of 70% ethanol instilled into the gastric antral mucosa. Fifteen minutes later, visible mucosal lesions were evaluated endoscopically. The biopsy specimens were obtained from mucosa that had been exposed to ethanol but looked normal. The specimens were assessed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The gross mucosal damage demonstrated endoscopically was significantly less (p less than 0.05) in the subjects receiving ornoprostil than those receiving placebo. Hyperemia and hemorrhage in the mucosa were also significantly less (p less than 0.05) in the subjects given ornoprostil pretreatment. Ornoprostil, however, failed to prevent the disruption of surface epithelial cells as assessed by scanning electron microscopy. These data suggest that ornoprostil protects gastric mucosa against damage caused by concentrated ethanol.
Implications of Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) for GSM security (2006)

Despite its imperfections, GSM security has stood well the test of time. In part, this security success has relied on closed platforms that prevent the end-user from tampering with the GSM protocol stacks. While it is possible to build phones that do not have such restrictions, this is difficult due to, e.g., legislation and technical complexity. Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) is a new technology that provides access to GSM services over Wireless LAN or Bluetooth. It also challenges the assumption of closed platforms, since it is relatively easy to implement a UMA phone purely in software running on standard PC hardware and operating systems. This paper examines the security implications of UMA for GSM security, focusing especially on the impact of open terminal platforms. We identify several areas where open platforms may increase risks to both honest users and network operators, and propose countermeasures for mitigating these risks.
A Plasmonic Fano Switch (2012)

Plasmonic clusters can support Fano resonances, where the line shape characteristics are controlled by cluster geometry. Here we show that clusters with a hemicircular central disk surrounded by a circular ring of closely spaced, coupled nanodisks yield Fano-like and non-Fano-like spectra for orthogonal incident polarization orientations. When this structure is incorporated into an uniquely broadband, liquid crystal device geometry, the entire Fano resonance spectrum can be switched on and off in a voltage-dependent manner. A reversible transition between the Fano-like and non-Fano-like spectra is induced by relatively low (∼6 V) applied voltages, resulting in a complete on/off switching of the transparency window.
An Efficient and Selective Monohydrido Rhodium(I) Homogeneous Hydrogenation Catalyst Containing a Cyclic Phosphine (1974)

The preparation of the complex RhH(DBP) 4 (where DBP is a dibenzophosphole derivative) is described. It is a very effective and selective catalyst for the homogeneous hydrogenation of terminal olefins. Kinetic and mechanistic data for the hydrogenation of 1-hexene are presented.
Fluid Sealing Technology: Principles and Applications (1998)

Introduction to fluid sealing technology terminology and concepts polymeric materials sealing mechanism of elastomer seals flow in thin films - incompressible flow in thin films -compressible. Part 1 Rotary seals - rubber, plastic: rotary lip-seals rotary lip-seals for pressure. Part 2 Reciprocating seals: hydraulic seals pneumatic seals piston seals of internal combustion engines and compressors. Part 3 Soft packings - rotary and reciprocating: compression packings. Part 4 Mechanical seals: mechanical seal principles mechanical seal design mechanical seal materials. Part 5 Non-contact shaft seals: throttling seals for liquids clearance seals for gases gas film seals centrifugal seals screw-seals slingers and collecting labyrinths for liquids magnetic fluid seals. Part 6 Static seals, bellows and diaphragms: hermetic seals gasketed joints - structural aspects gaskets in flanged joints static seal applications.