gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative High-Throughput Profiling of Environmental Chemicals and Drugs that Modulate Farnesoid X Receptor (2014)

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates the homeostasis of bile acids, lipids, and glucose. Because endogenous chemicals bind and activate FXR, it is important to examine which xenobiotic compounds would disrupt normal receptor function. We used a cell-based human FXR β-lactamase (Bla) reporter gene assay to profile the Tox21 10K compound collection of environmental chemicals and drugs. Structure-activity relationships of FXR-active compounds revealed by this screening were then compared against the androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors δ and γ, and the vitamin D receptor. We identified several FXR-active structural classes including anthracyclines, benzimidazoles, dihydropyridines, pyrethroids, retinoic acids, and vinca alkaloids. Microtubule inhibitors potently decreased FXR reporter gene activity. Pyrethroids specifically antagonized FXR transactivation. Anthracyclines affected reporter activity in all tested assays, suggesting non-specific activity. These results provide important information to prioritize chemicals for further investigation, and suggest possible modes of action of compounds in FXR signaling.
High‐performance OCB‐mode field‐sequential‐color LCD (2008)

Abstract— Optically compensated bend (OCB) mode is a promising technology for future high‐quality display devices due to its wide viewing angle without gray‐scale inversion and color shift, fast response time, high contrast ratio, and wide temperature range. This paper summarizes the developments of the OCB mode and the optical performance of OCB‐mode field‐sequential‐color LCD.
Classification of Single-Lead Electrocardiograms: TDA Informed Machine Learning (2019)

Atrial Fibrillation is a heart condition characterized by erratic heart rhythms caused by chaotic propagation of electrical impulses in the atria, leading to numerous health complications. State-of-the-art models employ complex algorithms that extract expert informed features to improve diagnosis. In this note, we demonstrate how topological features can be used to help accurately classify single lead electrocardiograms. Via delay embeddings, we map electrocardiograms onto high-dimensional point-clouds that convert periodic signals to algebraically computable topological signatures. We derive features from persistent signatures, input them to a simple machine learning algorithm, and benchmark its performance against winning entries in the 2017 Physionet Computing in Cardiology Challenge.
Effect of enzymatic pretreatment on acid fermentation of food waste (2006)

Abstract Although food waste is a valuable carbon source for biological nutrient removal systems with low organic wastewater because of high C/N and C/P ratios, it must be pretreated to promote the hydrolysis of particulates, which is considered as a rate‐limiting step. This study investigated the effects of enzymatic pretreatment on hydrolytic solubilization of food waste with commercial enzyme. Both acidification efficiency and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production potential of enzymatically pretreated food waste were examined under controlled laboratory conditions. Experimental results indicated that protease exhibited the highest VSS reduction rate among three types of enzymes: carbohydrase, protease and lipase. A mixed enzyme treatment showed better reduction efficiency than a single enzyme treatment, and the highest volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction was observed at an enzyme mixture ratio of 1:2:1 with carbohydrase:protease:lipase, respectively. It has been noted that pretreatment resulted in both maximum VFA production and the highest VFA content of soluble chemical oxygen demand at an enzyme mixture dosage of 0.1% (v/v). VFA production at this dosage revealed a 3.3 times higher rate than that of no‐enzyme added fermenter. The dominant VFAs were n‐butyrate followed by acetate. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Effective Ice Particle Densities Derived from Aircraft Data (2004)

In this study, aircraft data are used to derive effective ice particle densities. This density is defined as the ice particle mass divided by the volume of an equivalent diameter sphere. Measured ice particle size distributions and total ice water contents are used to derive effective ice densities for ice particle populations ( ) as a function e of particle size [ e (D)]. The density values are critical for modeling and remote sensing applications.
Analysis of a <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L. Genomic Region Controlling Two Leaf Surface Chemistry Traits (2009)

cis-Abienol and sucrose esters are Nicotiana tabacum leaf surface components that likely influence plant resistance to pests. Their breakdown products also contribute to flavor and aroma characteristics of certain tobacco types. Mapping of genes involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds could permit development of molecular-based tools for generating tobacco types with novel cured leaf chemistry profiles. A doubled haploid mapping population segregating for major genes (Abl and BMVSE) affecting the ability to accumulate cis-abienol and sucrose esters was generated and genotyped with a large set of microsatellite markers. The two genes were found to reside on chromosome A of the N. tabacum genome with a distance of 8.2 cM (centimorgans) between them. Seventeen microsatellite markers were also placed on this linkage group, several of which exhibited complete cosegregation with Abl and BMVSE. Results should aid breeding efforts focused on modification of this aspect of tobacco cured leaf chemistry.
Effect of Diversion of Bile-Pancreatic Juice to the Ileum on Pancreatic Secretion and Adaptation in the Rat (1986)

Cannulas were implanted to collect bile and pancreatic juice, and the collected secretions were pumped back into the intestine at the level of the duodenum or the proximal ileum. The effect of 6 days of such treatment on pancreatic secretion and on pancreatic growth was determined. The effect on pancreatic secretion was studied by measuring the pancreatic secretory response to a stimulus, provided by acute diversion of bile-pancreatic juice from the proximal intestine. Trophic effects were studied in a separate group of rats by measuring pancreatic weight, protein content, and chymotrypsin activity after an overnight fast. Stimulated pancreatic secretion was 2.1 times greater for protein output and 3.4 times greater for fluid output in rats with chronic diversion of bile-pancreatic juice to the ileum. Pancreatic weight, protein content, and chymotrypsin activity were increased 2.6, 2.9, and 4.8 times, respectively, by chronic diversion of bile-pancreatic juice to the ileum. These results indicate that pancreatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia reported in rats with bile-pancreatic duct transposition to the ileum are the result of loss of feed-back inhibition from bile-pancreatic juice in the proximal intestine.
HW/SW co-designed acceleration of dynamic languages (2013)

Dynamic Programming Languages, such as Java, JavaScript, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, etc., are dominating languages for pro-gramming the web. HW/SW co-designed virtual machine can significantly accelerate their executions by transparently leveraging internal HW features via an internal compiler. We also argue for a common API to interface dynamic languages with the HW/SW co-designed virtual machine, so that a single internal compiler can accelerate all major dynamic languages.
Long-term acceptance of composite tissue allografts through mixed chimerism and CD28 blockade (2003)

Although efforts have been made to induce tolerance to composite tissue allografts in adult recipients, thus far, none have succeeded without toxic, myeloablative host preconditioning. Our demonstration that tolerance can be achieved with minimal preconditioning provides a rationale for application to large animals and humans and suggests that although composite tissue allografts may have a significant skin component (and are therefore felt to be highly antigenic), protocols used to induce tolerance to organ transplants may be equally applicable to composite-tissue allotransplantation.
A multicentre multidose study of the efficacy and safety of spirapril in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. UK Study Group of Spirapril in Hypertension. (1994)

This was a randomized double-blind parallel-group study of 283 patients who had mild-to-moderate [diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 100 mmHg and < or = 115 mmHg] hypertension. After a 3 (or 4)-week placebo wash-out period followed by 6 weeks of active treatment with spirapril at either 3, 6, 12 or 24 mg once daily (or placebo), DBP decreased by approximately 10 mmHg in the (pooled) spirapril-treated patients compared with approximately 5 mmHg with placebo. There were statistically significant differences between all active-treatment groups (except the 24-mg dose group) and placebo, but not among the spirapril groups at the end of the +24-hour dosing interval. Reported adverse events were mostly not study drug-related and were similar to those with placebo except for headache, which was more frequent with spirapril than placebo (5.8% vs 1.7%, respectively). Similarly, the number and severity of the changes in laboratory variables did not differ between placebo vs spirapril, and none of these changes were dose-related. In conclusion, the studied dosages of spirapril were equally effective in reducing DBP, and the overall good decrease in blood pressure at the end of the dosing interval indicates that once-daily administration is effective in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
Path following of a vehicle-trailer system in presence of sliding: Application to automatic guidance of a towed agricultural implement (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of sliding parameter estimation and lateral control of an off-road vehicle-trailer system. The aim is to accurately guide the position of the trailer with respect to a planned trajectory, whatever ground conditions and trajectory shape. Relevant sliding parameter estimation is first proposed, based on the kinematic model of the system extended with side slip angles. Then, a vehicle steering control algorithm is presented to move away the vehicle from the reference trajectory in order for the trailer to achieve accurate path tracking. Reported experiments demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed algorithms.
Preparation of zinc oxide ultrafine particles using double hollow fiber membrane dispersion technology (2010)

Ultrafine zinc oxide particles have been obtained from a solution reaction between ZnCl2 and NaOH using a double hollow fiber membrane as the dispersion medium.The effects of different factors such as mixing distance,flow rate and surfactant were investigated in detail.The results showed that the mixing distance had no significant effect on the mean particle diameter.When there was no surfactant,the mean particle diameter of zinc oxide increased from 307 nm to 476 nm on increasing the flow rate from 10 mL/min to 40 mL/min.With added surfactant,the growth of particles was effectively suppressed,and the mean particle diameter decreased from 182 nm to 45 nm when the flow rate was increased from 20 mL/min to 70 mL/min.The sizes and morphologies of the particles prepared using the double hollow fiber membrane dispersion technology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and compared with those of particles prepared by single hollow fiber membrane dispersion technology.
Growth Inhibition of <i>Mycoplasma</i> by Inhibitors of Polyterpene Biosynthesis and Its Reversal by Cholesterol (1966)

Smith, Paul F. (University of South Dakota, Vermillion), and Carl V. Henrikson. Growth inhibition of Mycoplasma by inhibitors of polyterpene biosynthesis and its reversal by cholesterol. J. Bacteriol. 91:1854-1858. 1966.-Compounds which inhibit enzymatic reactions in the biosynthetic pathway to carotenoids inhibited growth of a sterol-nonrequiring species, Mycoplasma laidlawii, strain B, and M. hominis, strain 07. Since M. hominis lacks the enzymes for polyterpene biosynthesis, the inhibitory compounds must act also at other sites. Most inhibitors exerted a lytic effect at bactericidal levels. The inhibition of M. laidlawii is reversed by exogenous cholesterol. M. laidlawii exhibited a greatly increased content of cholesterol and a greatly decreased content of carotenoids when grown in the presence of phenethylbiguanide and cholesterol. These results are considered as further evidence for a common function for sterols and carotenols in Mycoplasma.
Age differences in health care spending, fiscal year 1977. (1979)

This report of health care spending in fiscal year 1977 reveals that of the $142.6 billion spent by the Nation for personal health care in fiscal year 1977, 29 percent was spent for those aged 65 or older, 59 percent for those aged 19-64, and 13 percent for those below age 19. The average health bill reached $1,745 for the aged, $661 for the intermediate age group, and $253 for the young. Public funds financed 67 percent of the health expenses of the aged, with Medicare and Medicaid together accounting for 61 percent. More than two-thirds of the health expenses of the young and 71 percent of the expenses of those aged 19-64 were paid by private sources. Third-party payments met 68 percent of the health expenditures of all those under age 65.
Functional expression of SGLTs in rat brain (2010)

This work provides evidence of previously unrecognized uptake of glucose via sodium-coupled glucose transporters (SGLTs) in specific regions of the brain. The current understanding of functional glucose utilization in brain is largely based on studies using positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose (2-FDG). However, 2-FDG is only a good substrate for facilitated-glucose transporters (GLUTs), not for SGLTs. Thus, glucose accumulation measured by 2-FDG omits the role of SGLTs. We designed and synthesized two high-affinity tracers: one, α-methyl-4-[F-18]fluoro-4-deoxy-D-glucopyranoside (Me-4FDG), is a highly specific SGLT substrate and not transported by GLUTs; the other one, 4-[F-18]fluoro-4-deoxy-D-glucose (4-FDG), is transported by both SGLTs and GLUTs and will pass through the blood brain barrier (BBB). In vitro Me-4FDG autoradiography was used to map the distribution of uptake by functional SGLTs in brain slices with a comparable result from in vitro 4-FDG autoradiography. Immunohistochemical assays showed that uptake was consistent with the distribution of SGLT protein. Ex vivo 4-FDG autoradiography showed that SGLTs in these areas are functionally active in the normal in vivo brain. The results establish that SGLTs are a normal part of the physiology of specific areas of the brain, including hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortices. 4-FDG PET imaging also established that this BBB-permeable SGLT tracer now offers a functional imaging approach in humans to assess regulation of SGLT activity in health and disease.
MicroRNA-145 Function as a Cell Growth Repressor by Directly Targeting c-Myc in Human Ovarian Cancer (2013)

MiR-145 is reported to be significantly down-regulated in ovarian cancer. This study was aimed at elucidating the roles of miR-145 in regulating the biological behavior of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. In this report, we find out that up-regulation of miR-145 in OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis. We show that miR-145 directly target the c-Myc 3'-UTR. Moreover, ectopic expression of c-Myc reduces the inhibition of cell proliferation caused by miR-145 transfection. Cell cycle assay showed that up-regulation of miR-145 reduces S phase population, and restoration of c-Myc can rescue this reduction. These findings indicate that miR-145 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis by targeting c-Myc 3'-UTR. Therefore, the result indicated that miR- 145 could be used as a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
Comparison of system tolerance to polarization-mode dispersion between different modulation formats (2003)

The polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) tolerance of different modulation formats is studied, including ON-OFF keyed (OOK), differential phase-shift keyed (DPSK), and carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ) formats. It is shown that, generally, for PMD uncompensated systems, the modulation formats with larger pulsewidth have larger penalty, while the modulation formats with smaller bandwidth perform better in PMD compensated systems. It is also shown that DPSK can tolerate more PMD than OOK for both PMD uncompensated and compensated systems, and that CSRZ, because of its specific spectrum characteristics, has a different feature from return-to-zero formats.
A microprogrammable list processor for personal computers (1990)

A low-cost alternative to using a full-scale Lisp machine for list processing is proposed. The ASLP, a PC-based, highly pipelined list processor with two memory modules, supplements a procedural programming language to solve the list-manipulation problems in AI programs. This hardware-assisted processor was designed for use on an IBM PC AT to support list-manipulation functions. A discussion of Lisp and its internal structure and a review of existing Lisp machines are included. An estimation of the theoretical execution time for some typical list-manipulation functions, expressed in terms of machine cycles and memory cycles, is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
الشكل والبيئة (2018)

يأتي هذا البحث استكمالا لجهود الباحثين السابقة في مجال قياس كفاءة الأشكال البنائية تجاه المؤثرات الحرارية للبيئة المناخية، وصولا الى تحقيق الشكل الأمثل لغلاف المبنى . ويشير مبدأ الشكل المثالي الى محاولة مجانسة تأثير القوى عليه وبالتالي الحاجة الى أقل طاقة ممكنةللمحافظة على الشكل وخصائصه المميزة. ويكون الشكل الأمثل تجاه المؤثرات المناخية ناتج لمراحل ثلاثة (مرتبة ترتيبا منطقيا): مرحلة تاثير الفعل ..... (قياس تأثير الأحمال الحرارية على المبنى) . مرحلة التكيف..... صياغة العلاقة بين الأحمال ألحرارية (الفعل) والشكل (رد الفعل). مرحلة رد الفعل ..... ( انتاج الشكل) . وقد أعتمد البحث، كمنطلق له، واساسا لفرضيته، أعمال؛) A .T Markus (و ( R ,Knowles ) فتوصل بذلك الى استنباط مفهوم جديد للشكل الأمل هر (&HEMISPIm THERMAL )
Rapid Production of Functionalized Recombinant Proteins:  Marrying Ligation Independent Cloning and in Vitro Protein Ligation (2006)

Functional genomics and proteomics have been very active fields since the sequencing of several genomes was completed. To assign a physiological role to the newly discovered coding genes with unknown function, new generic methods for protein production, purification, and targeted functionalization are needed. This work presents a new vector, pCYSLIC, that allows rapid generation of Escherichia coli expression constructs via ligation-independent cloning (LIC). The vector is designed to facilitate protein purification by either Ni-NTA or GSH affinity chromatography. Subsequent proteolytic removal of affinity tags liberates an N-terminal cysteine residue that is then used for covalent modification of the target protein with different biophysical probes via protein ligation. The described system has been tested on 36 mammalian Rab GTPases, and it was demonstrated that recombinant GTPases produced with pCYSLIC could be efficiently modified with fluorescein or biotin in vitro. Finally, LIC was compared with the recently developed In-Fusion cloning method, and it was demonstrated that In-Fusion provides superior flexibility in choice of expression vector. By the application of In-Fusion cloning Cys-Rab6A GTPase with an N-terminal cysteine residue was generated employing unmodified pET30a vector and TVMV protease.
A new framework for mobile Web services (2003)

The goal of the paper is to propose a way to make Web services more convenient and efficient to use. We develop an architecture that integrates mobile agents with Web services to achieve the goal. We first survey the key technologies, which are adopted in the paper. Next, we introduce our mobile Web service framework and describe how we take advantage of the location information in the Web service. Finally, we give an example to illustrate a typical scenario in which a mobile user receives Web services from our proposed platform.
Spectroscopic analysis and in situ monitoring of impregnation and extraction of polymer films and powders using supercritical fluids (1994)

Abstract A range of vibrational spectroscopic techniques are used to monitor supercritical fluid extraction and impregnation of polymers. Impregnation processes of this type show potential as alternative apporaches to the synthesis of polymer based catalysts and new materials. Methods have been devised using conventional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for real time monitoring of the extraction and impregnation of polyethylene films using an organometallic complex, CpMn(CO) 3 (Cp = η 5 − C 5 H 5 ) as a spectroscopic probe. Both low and high density powdered polyethylene may be impregnated using supercritical carbon dioxide. The resulting materials are analysed using FTIR photoacoustic spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and FT Raman spectroscopy to probe both the impregnated bulk of the polymer and surface‐coated material. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Photo-definable Benzocyclobutene Polymer. (2002)

Benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer was developed at Dow Chemical in the late 1980's for microelectronics packaging and interconnect applications. Photo-definable BCB formulation was commercialized in 1994. The Dielectric polymer films produced from BCB formulations possess many desirable properties[1] [2] [3] [4] for microelectronic applications; for example, low dielectric constant and dissipation factor, low moisture absorption, rapid curing and low temperature cure without generating by-products, minimum shrinkage in curing process, and no Cu migration issues. Derived from these properties, applications have been developed in: bumping/wafer level packaging [5][6], Ga/As chip ILD [7], optical wave guide [8], flat panel display [9], and lately in BCB-coated Cu foil for build-up board [10]. This article summaries the chemistry, the relevant properties and the typical process of photo definable divinylsiloxane bisbenzocyclobutene (DVS-BCB) commercialized by Dow Chemical as CYCLOTENETM resin system.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (2005)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an important human pathogen, which is the cause of a tick-borne illness occurring in many areas of Africa, Asia, and Europe. CCHF is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills, and severe headache. Other symptoms can include gastrointestinal disorders, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations can occur and often present as large areas of ecchymosis, rather than frank bleeding. Exposure to ticks, particularly those in the genus Hyalomma, or direct contact with virus-infected animals or people are considered the major risk factors. Studies on CCHFV are impeded by the biocontainment needed for their manipulation. However, the increasing worldwide medical awareness, the enormous interest of the media in hemorrhagic fever diseases, and their potential to be used as a bioweapon, have greatly spurred on research on this important virus, as evidenced by many new developments including the development of a reverse genetics system which should greatly enhance future research with this virus.