gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pd/La Complex for<i>anti</i>-Selective Catalytic Asymmetric Nitroaldol Reactions (2008)

A limited number of reports describe the anti-selective synthesis of chiral β-amino alcohols. This report describes the design of a simple and efficient catalyst with a broad substrate scope and practical applicability. The authors nicely demonstrate the short syntheses of two β-adrenoceptor agonists.
Control of dc-dc converters by direct pole placement and adaptive feedforward gain adjustment (2005)

A direct pole-placement control strategy is introduced, and applied in the design of a buck type, dc-dc converter. The solution involves a feedforward component in the control strategy, to eliminate steady-state errors. The value of the feedforward gain, which completely eliminates steady-state error, is dependant upon the gain of the plant, which may not be known exactly. In this design the feedforward gain is determined adaptively, so as to drive the steady state error to zero
Accumulation of chemical elements around the penetration sites of Erysiphe graminis hordei on barley leaf epidermis. II. Level of silicon in papilla around the haustorial neck. (1976)

The distribution of silicon in barley leaf epidermal cells infected with Erysiphe graminis hordei was examined using an electron probe microanalyzer. The greatest amount of silicon was detected in the papilla around the haustorial neck. Greater amounts were present in the epidermal cell wall of host cells in the halo region than in the surrounding cell wall region unaffected by the fungus.
Cutting Checks: Challenges and Choices for the Adoption of B2B Electronic Payments (2007)

Changes in the marketplace for business-to-business (B2B) payments increasingly demand executives’ attention. Growing numbers of e-payments, decreasing paper check volumes, and new legislation in the U.S. are the main motivators. Businesses are beginning to realize they must add new payment options to a process still dominated by paper checks, wire transfers, and automated clearinghouse (ACH) transactions.
Wi-FM: Resolving Neighborhood Wireless Network Affairs by Listening to Music (2015)

FM radio, typically broadcast in the 87.5 to 108.0Mhz range, is widely available in urban areas and beyond. Contrary to GPS, it effectively penetrates buildings, contrary to 3G/4G or TV, FM radio receivers are becoming freely available in mobile devices. Indeed, nearly every smart phone and many other consumer electronics today have a built-in FM chip. In this paper, we demonstrate that this ubiquitous in-the-air and on-device FM radio availability presents a unique opportunity to address some of the fundamental wireless networking problems. In particular, we focus on the problem commonly arising in home networks where devices from neighboring, yet autonomous and non-collaborative, Wi-Fi networks systematically "step on each other's feet", i.e., interfere and degrade each other's performance. We show that the digital signal that accompanies broadcast FM radio has sufficient structure to enable effective scheduling relative to it. It thus provides a common reference for neighboring devices to harmonize their transmissions, yet without requiring any explicit communication among them. To the best of our knowledge, our system is the first to enable such mutually-beneficial, autonomous, and implicit harmonization among Wi-Fi devices across administrative network bounds.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Restriction Factors, and Interferon (2009)

Recent discoveries have revealed previously unappreciated complexity with which retroviruses interact with their hosts. In particular, we have become aware that many mammals, including humans, are equipped with genes encoding so-called "restriction factors," that provide considerable resistance to retroviral infection. Such antiretroviral genes are sometimes constitutively expressed, and sometimes interferon-induced. Thus they can be viewed as comprising an intrinsic immune system that provides a pre-mobilized defense against retroviral infection or, alternatively, as a specialized extension of conventional innate immunity. Antiretroviral restriction factors have evolved at an unusually rapid pace, particularly in primates, and some startling examples of evolutionary change are present in genes encoding restriction factors. Our understanding of the mechanisms by which restriction factors interfere with retroviral replication, and how their effects are avoided by certain retroviruses, is accruing, but far from complete. Such knowledge could allow for novel forms of therapeutic intervention in pathogenic retroviral infections, as well as the development of animal models of human disease.
Base Adducts of β-Ketoenolates. VII. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Some Fluxional 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-2,4-pentadionatocopper(II) Complexes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBase Adducts of β-Ketoenolates. VII. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Some Fluxional 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-2,4-pentadionatocopper(II) ComplexesJ. Pradilla-Sorzano and John P. Fackler, JrCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1974, 13, 12, 3046Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online20 December 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50142a602https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50142a602research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nur77 Coordinately Regulates Expression of Genes Linked to Glucose Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle (2007)

Innervation is important for normal metabolism in skeletal muscle, including insulin-sensitive glucose uptake. However, the transcription factors that transduce signals from the neuromuscular junction to the nucleus and affect changes in metabolic gene expression are not well defined. We demonstrate here that the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is a regulator of gene expression linked to glucose utilization in muscle. In vivo, Nur77 is preferentially expressed in glycolytic compared with oxidative muscle and is responsive to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Denervation of rat muscle compromises expression of Nur77 in parallel with that of numerous genes linked to glucose metabolism, including glucose transporter 4 and genes involved in glycolysis, glycogenolysis, and the glycerophosphate shuttle. Ectopic expression of Nur77, either in rat muscle or in C2C12 muscle cells, induces expression of a highly overlapping set of genes, including glucose transporter 4, muscle phosphofructokinase, and glycogen phosphorylase. Furthermore, selective knockdown of Nur77 in rat muscle by small hairpin RNA or genetic deletion of Nur77 in mice reduces the expression of a battery of genes involved in skeletal muscle glucose utilization in vivo. Finally, we show that Nur77 binds the promoter regions of multiple genes involved in glucose metabolism in muscle. These results identify Nur77 as a potential mediator of neuromuscular signaling in the control of metabolic gene expression.
A Placebo-Controlled Study of Guanfacine in the Treatment of Children With Tic Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2001)

Guanfacine appears to be a safe and effective treatment for children with tic disorders and ADHD.
The Common Cold. (1965)

In the spring of 1946, a group of us working under the Medical Research Council felt that the time was ripe for a renewed onslaught on the difficult problem of the common cold. We have since learnt that, at about the same time, several groups of workers in the United States had much the same idea. I cannot tell you to-day of the solution of this problem, but you may be interested to learn what is and what is not known about it and how workers are tackling the question. The moment seemed opportune for several reasons. We have now learnt a good deal about the control of the major-killing plagues cholera, typhus, typhoid, plague, yellow fever and smallpox ; we no longer go about, at least in this country, in mortal fear of these infections. We can, therefore, afford to turn our attention to the lesser plagues, the miseries and inconveniences, such as influenza, sore throats and colds. These do in fact kill the very young and the very old and they are particularly important because of the great wastage of valuable man-power which they cause. Another reason for renewing the attack was the great development in recent years of knowledge as to how to grow and study viruses. In 1930, Dochez and his colleagues1 showed that chimpanzees could be infected with filtrates of nasal secretions from persons with colds. They also claimed to have cultivated the virus.2 The susceptibility of chimpanzees has been confirmed by others, but not the cultivation experiments. Since that time several methods have been developed for growing viruses especially in fertile developing hen's eggs. Fertile eggs have proved to be the experimental animals if you can call them that in which the largest number of viruses can be grown. Attempts have been made to grow about 60 different viruses in eggs, and one or other of the available techniques has been successful in about 45 instances or 75 per cent.8 So growth of cold virus in eggs seemed more likely to be successful than any other method. There are several fluid-containing cavities in developing eggs the yolk-sac, the amniotic and allantoic cavities. Differently aged embryos and different methods of inoculation are used for the different cavities but I will not go into technical details. One method has proved best for some viruses, another for others. Within the last two or three months, two groups of workers in America 4, 6, have reported success in growing common cold virus in embryonic fluids of eggs. I shall return to discuss their work later.
Stimulation-induced ectopicity and propagation windows in model damaged axons (2014)

Neural tissue injuries render voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav) leaky, thereby altering excitability, disrupting and causing neuropathic pain related ectopic activity. In both recombinant systems and native excitable membranes, membrane damage causes the kinetically-coupled activation and inactivation processes of Nav channels to undergo hyperpolarizing shifts. This damage-intensity dependent change, called coupled left-shift (CLS), yields a persistent or Nav conductance. Nodes of Ranvier simulations involving various degrees of mild CLS showed that, as the system's channel/pump fluxes attempt to re-establish ion homeostasis, the CLS elicits hyperexcitability, subthreshold oscillations and neuropathic type action potential (AP) bursts. CLS-induced intermittent failure was studied in simulations of stimulated axons, but pump contributions were ignored, leaving open an important question: does mild-injury (small CLS values, pumps functioning well) render propagation-competent but still quiescent axons vulnerable to further impairments as the system attempts to cope with its normal excitatory inputs? We probe this incipient diffuse axonal injury scenario using a 10-node myelinated axon model. Fully restabilized nodes with mild damage can, we show, become ectopic signal generators (ectopic nodes) because incoming APs stress Na+/K+ gradients, thereby altering spike thresholds. Comparable changes could contribute to acquired sodium channelopathies as diverse as epileptic phenomena and to the neuropathic amplification of normally benign sensory inputs. Input spike patterns, we found, propagate with good fidelity through an ectopically firing site only when their frequencies exceed the ectopic frequency. This propagation window is a robust phenomenon, occurring despite Gaussian noise, large jitter and the presence of several consecutive ectopic nodes.
New Perspectives for ATMS: Advanced Technologies in Traffic Detection (1998)

There is a need for advanced traffic management systems (ATMS) on a local and network level to effectively utilize today's transportation system. An automated operating system, with round the clock incident detection, would help to initiate the required action on time in case of an accident and would minimize the effect of the incident. One of the key elements of ATMS is the vehicle detection unit. The most commonly used inductive loop detectors have a relatively short life span and frequently malfunction. Any maintenance of loop detectors requires road closures. Also, safety of the crew is an issue. An overview of currently available technologies for traffic control and monitoring is presented, with special emphasis on systems that can be installed and maintained without significantly interfering with the traffic. The paper presents the available technologies, provides comparative information about them, and discusses the technical and conceptual problems typically arising during the deployment. The paper describes video detection systems that currently seem to be the most attractive alternative to the traditional intrusive methods. The new perspectives for traffic monitoring and management not available so far are drawn. The typical architecture of these systems is described, and a few popular video systems are presented in some detail. The most critical deployment issues, such as the choice of the equipment, are described, the location of the sensors is discussed, and data transmission problems are considered.
Insulation condition monitoring and testing for large electrical machines (2002)

An efficient method to assess the insulation condition of rotating machines is online partial discharge monitoring. Difficulties in online monitoring result from various noise sources associated with the machine and from the power system. The paper introduces and discusses the theories, different testing techniques and monitoring methods currently used by Industrial Research Limited and other laboratories. The design and testing of high frequency current transformers for partial discharge online monitoring are introduced. Laboratory and field tests on electrical machines are presented. A database has been developed for efficient insulation monitoring and maintenance. The database allows intra and inter comparisons of partial discharge, tan delta, capacitance between phases in a machine and with other machines easily. The functions of the database enhance the efficiency and provide more information for effective insulation condition assessment.
Laboratory Medicine and Healthcare Excellence - Till Death do us Part. (2021)

The union between laboratory medicine and healthcare excellence is strong, interconnected and has stood the test of time. This partnership is essential in the quest for value-based health care, expanding the strategic role of the clinical laboratory from traditional, transactional models to strategic ones that expedite or activate new cascades of care. This paper reviews outcomes and key trends following global recognition of integrated clinical care teams for exemplary outcomes of measurably better health care. In all cases, laboratory medicine was either a key contributor or leader in predictive risk management, preventative health, and integration of clinical care through active synthesis of relevant data: data that are too often under-used, under-recognized, or even missing in traditional models of care. Outcomes connect multi-disciplinary teams with favorable key performance indicators across patients, payors, clinicians and health systems, as well as top disease burdens and unmet gaps of care. Results affirm the possibilities ahead with proactive engagement across healthcare professionals including the vital and active role of laboratory medicine. With the future upon us, it is incumbent upon all healthcare professionals to work together, learn from others, champion health outcomes and join in a pledge for healthcare excellence.
Complete nucleotide sequence of pepper huasteco virus: analysis and comparison with bipartite geminiviruses (1993)

The complete nucleotide sequence of pepper huasteco geminivirus (PHV) isolated in Northern Mexico was determined. The PHV genome consists of two circular ssDNA molecules of 2631 bases (PHV A) and 2589 bases (PHV B). PHV has a genome organization typical of a bipartite geminivirus with four open reading frames (ORFs) (AR1, AL1, AL2 and AL3) in component A and two (BR1 and BL1) in component B. An unexpected ORF was found in the complementary sense strand of PHV A. This ORF, termed AL5, is found entirely inside, but in the opposite orientation to AR1 (encoding the coat protein). AL5 shows some homology to equivalent but smaller ORFs predicted in other geminiviruses. Phylogeny trees based on pairwise comparisons of AR1, AL2, AL3, BL1 and BR1 predicted proteins placed PHV among the western hemisphere geminiviruses. A phylogeny tree based on AL1 (replicase-encoding ORF), on the other hand, placed PHV with eastern hemisphere geminiviruses, i.e. African cassava mosaic virus and the Sardinia and Israel isolates of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Possible mechanisms for the 'hybrid or transition nature' of PHV are discussed.
Colour Indexing Across Illumination (1999)

Because the colours in an image convey a lot of information, almost all image database systems support colour content queries. Unfortunately colour based queries do not always return the images that were sought even although there is a good colour match. Such failures are easily explained. We as human observers do not see raw image colours but rather make an interpretation of the colours in an image. Our interpretation allows us to decouple the intrinsic colour of the objects and surfaces, captured in an image, from the colour of the illumination. An indoor picture with a yellowish colour cast is interpreted as just that, we do not think that all the objects in the scene are more yellow than they usually are. In contrast, image database systems generally make no such comparable interpretation. In this paper we set forth an experimental study that attempts to quantify the nature and magnitude of the illumination colour problem. We are interested in measuring how image colours depend on illumination and how this dependency might be removed. Our work based on a small, but accurately calibrated, image database comprising 11 colourful objects imaged under 4 typical household lights. Because illumination colour impacts so dramatically on image colours, querying this dataset by colour-content delivers very poor indexing. To improve indexing performance, the illumination bias in images needs to be removed. This is done by applying an appropriate mapping to the image colours (e.g. a reddish cast can be removed by reducing the redness at each pixel). We found that mapping image colours based on a measure of the illuminant results in good indexing. However, when the mapping depends on both scene content and illumination together, the indexing performance is even better still. This is a surprising result since it is accepted doctrine that a change in illuminants should result in a systematic change in image colours and this change should effect all images equally (scene content should not add any useful information). Of course if illumination colour depends on scene content then it will be difficult to measure since the spectral statistics of the scene are also unknown. If measurement is difficult, estimation (using a colour constancy algorithm) must be more difficult still.
Local Tissue Tolerability of Meloxicam, a New NSAID: Indications for Parenteral, Dermal and Mucosal Administration (1996)

Meloxicam is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which has potent anti-arthritic activity and a reduced potential to induce gastric irritation in animals. The present series of animal studies investigated the local and/or systemic tolerance of meloxicam formulations: intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, eye-drops, gel and suppositories. The concentration and formulations were as intended for therapeutic use in man. An in vitro haemolysis test demonstrated that the parenteral formulation of meloxicam produced only minimal haemolysis. In comparison, NSAIDs such as piroxicam, ketoprofen and indomethacin showed comparable haemolysis only after dilution. Diclofenac and ibuprofen caused considerable haemolysis even when diluted. In all studies, the local tolerance of meloxicam was good and did not differ from placebo, even when administered daily for 4 weeks. Few abnormal histopathological findings indicative or organ toxicity were observed. There were only small, transient macroscopic changes at the site of administration, with no striking histopathological changes directly attributable to meloxicam. Intramuscular piroxicam and diclofenac, however, resulted in development of an extensive, solitary necrotic area. Other formulations tested were also very well tolerated. In conclusion, all meloxicam formulations tested exhibited excellent tissue tolerability. Therefore, meloxicam appears to be suitable for parenteral, dermal and mucosal administration.
Multi-mode sub-Nyquist rate digital-to-analog conversion for direct waveform synthesis (2008)

This paper describes the sub-Nyquist rate digital-to-analog conversion technique for a direct waveform synthesis (DWS) transmitter. IEEE 802.22 TV band Cognitive Radio (CR) transmitter requires seamless frequency hoping and wide frequency coverage of 54MHz-806MHz. The proposed transmitter directly converts the digital baseband samples to RF frequencies in the target channels obviating the up-conversion mixer. The mostly-digital architecture of this transmitter features agile functionality support for Software Defined Radio (SDR) operation. A 10-bit 600-MS/s multi-mode DAC shapes the analog output spectrum envelope to enhance image spectrum located in the target channels and suppress other unwanted harmonics. Compared to Nyquist rate direct synthesis, this sub-Nyquist rate DWS architecture reduces both system complexity and power consumption by half.