gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein turnover, amino acid profile and amino acid flux in juvenile shrimp<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>: effects of dietary protein source (2002)

The effect of dietary protein on protein synthesis and growth of juvenile shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated using three different diets with equivalent protein content. Protein synthesis was investigated by a flooding dose of tritiated phenylalanine. Survival, specific growth and protein synthesis rates were higher, and protein degradation was lower, in shrimps fed a fish/squid/shrimp meal diet, or a 50% laboratory diet/50% soybean meal variant diet, than in those fed a casein-based diet. The efficiency of retention of synthesized protein as growth was 94% for shrimps fed the fish meal diet, suggesting a very low protein turnover rate; by contrast, the retention of synthesized protein was only 80% for shrimps fed the casein diet. The amino acid profile of the casein diet was poorly correlated with that of the shrimps. 4 h after a single meal the protein synthesis rates increased following an increase in RNA activity. A model was developed for amino acid flux, suggesting that high growth rates involve a reduction in the turnover of proteins, while amino acid loss appears to be high.
Recent Advances in Neuropharmacology of Cutaneous Nociceptors (1999)

Cutaneous nociceptors are peripheral receptive endings of primary sensory neurons activated by noxious stimuli. Nociceptors detect and signal the presence of tissue-damaging stimuli or the existence of tissue damage. In this short review, we will focus on the molecular mechanism of maintenance, activation, inhibition and sensitization in cutaneous nociceptors. Neurotrophic factors are essential to the development of nociceptors during embryogenesis. Recent evidences have indicated that nociceptors in the adult are maintained by either nerve growth factor (NGF) or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). A selective activator of nociceptors is capsaicin, natural product of capsicum peppers. Recently, the receptor for capsaicin (the vanilloid receptor 1: VR1) has been cloned, identified and characterized. VR1 seems to play an important role in the activation and sensitization of nociceptors. In contrast, peripheral endogenous cannabinoids such as anandamide are novel candidates for mediators that inhibit the excitation of nociceptors. Intracellular messengers and the mechanisms of signal transduction in nociceptors have also been studied. Our recent findings provide evidences demonstrate that an activation of both cAMP- and cGMP-second messenger systems is required to induce the sensitization of nociceptors. Such emerging evidences reviewed here would make a significant contribution to further understanding of the molecular mechanism of nociceptors.
Application of Waste Glycerin Liquid Produced from Bio-diesel Production to Methane Fermentation (2008)

廃食用油からバイオディーゼル燃料を製造する際に，触媒のカリウムを多く含むグリセリンやメタノールの混合廃液が発生する。この廃液は，現在廃棄物として処理されているが，グリセリンやメタノールのような分解性の有機物の有効利用の観点からメタン発酵での再資源化の可能性について実験を実施した。実験の結果，グリセリン混合廃液は，廃液中に含まれるカリウムによる発酵阻害もなく，良好にメタン発酵することが確認された。その際のCODCr分解率は80%以上であった。また，グリセリン廃液におけるガス発生率は分解CODCr1gあたり0.51NL-dryであり，理論上のガス発生率とほぼ一致する結果を得た。一方，メタン発酵を問題なく進めるためには，窒素やリンのような栄養塩や固形物を適切な濃度に保つ必要があるが，グリセリン廃液は固形分を含まないうえに窒素やリンの含有量が少ない。この対策としては，生ごみとの投入が効果的であった。
Community perceptions of and suggested fundraising strategies for local charities (2013)

Increasing competition for charity dollars has led many charities to reconsider their approach to fundraising. While donors are more likely to support charities they have a personal connection with, low psychological involvement with a charity influences the desire to switch. Local charities are commonly smaller and less resourced than state, national or international charities, but have the opportunity to increase and maintain donors by utilising strategies that increase community engagement. The current study, undertaken with people aged over 15 years in a regional area, found that most donors disliked guilt inducing techniques and telemarketing. Participants suggested more effective strategies including workplace giving, social media, local media partnerships and events that encourage community participation and connectedness. They preferred raising funds for discreet items and stressed the importance of regular communication with donors regarding positive achievements. The insights are useful for all charities in determining fundraising strategies and maintaining positive donor relationships.
Stereochemistry of Water Addition in Triterpene Synthesis:  The Structure of Arabidiol (2007)

An oxidosqualene cyclase from Arabidopsis thaliana makes arabidiol, a tricyclic triterpene reported with indeterminate side-chain stereochemistry. We established the full structure of arabidiol through chemical degradation, NOE experiments, and molecular modeling. By examining the mechanistic constraints that govern water addition in triterpene synthesis, we further show how the stereochemistry of hydroxylation can generally be deduced a priori, why deprotonation is more common than hydroxylation, and why cyclases that perform hydroxylation also generate olefinic byproducts.
Roland Barthes: ‘The Death of the Author’ (1997)

In his story Sarrasine1 Balzac, describing a castrato disguised as a woman, writes the following sentence: 'This was woman herself with her sudden fears, her irrational whims, her instinctive worries, her impetuous boldness, her fussings, and her delicious sensibility.' Who is speaking thus? Is it the hero of the story bent on remaining ignorant of the castrato hidden beneath the woman? Is it Balzac the individual, furnished by his personal experience with a philosophy of Woman? Is it Balzac the author professing 'literary' ideas on femininity? Is it universal wisdom? Romantic psychology? We shall never know, for the good reason that writing is the destruction of every voice, of every point of origin. Writing is that neutral, composite, oblique space where our subject slips away, the negative where all identity is lost, starting with the very identity of the body writing.
Effects of Transition Metal Addition on the Solid-State Transformation of Molybdenum Trioxide to Molybdenum Carbides (2003)

Direct conversion of MoO3 to molybdenum carbides by temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) with a reacting gas mixture of CH4/4H2 has been studied in the presence of a transition metal selected from Pt, Pd, Ni, Co, Cu, and pre-synthesized Mo2C loaded on MoO3. Loading of the metals reduced the temperatures of MoO3 reduction and increased the specific surface area of produced carbides. However, the obtained phase of molybdenum carbides differed depending on the employed transition metal; Pt, Pd, or Ni produced cubic α-MoC1-x, while Co, Cu, or pre-synthesized Mo2C formed hexagonal β-Mo2C, which was the same phase as that produced from the direct transformation of MoO3 itself without any metal loading. The nature of transition metals loaded on MoO3 also led to different TPR patterns for the transformation to molybdenum carbide, suggesting that different reaction routes were involved. Thus, MoO3 loaded with Co, Cu, or Mo2C showed TPR patterns similar to that of MoO3 itself, except for slightly lower temperatures for the initiation of the reduction. With these metals, the transformation of MoO3 to carbides followed a nontopotactic route involving the MoO2 intermediate phase. By contrast, loading of Pt, Pd, or Ni to MoO3 drove MoO3 reduction into a topotactic transformation through a MoOxCy intermediate phase. However, unlike the well-established topotactic MoO3 → Mo2N → α−MoC1-x transformation, the pseudomorphism was only partly maintained in this metal-promoted, direct MoO3 → α-MoC1-x transformation.
An autonomous six-DOF eye-in-hand system for in situ 3D object modeling (2011)

We present an integrated and fully autonomous eye-in-hand system for 3D object modeling. The system hardware consists of a laser range scanner mounted on a six-DOF manipulator arm and the task is to autonomously build a 3D model of an object in situ where the object may not be moved and must be scanned in its original location. Our system assumes no knowledge of object shape or geometry other than that it is within a bounding box whose location and size are known a priori, and, furthermore, the environment is unknown. The overall planner integrates the three main algorithms in the system: one that finds the next best view (NBV) for modeling the object; one that finds the NBV for exploration, i.e. exploring the environment, so the arm can move to the modeling view pose; and finally a sensor-based path planner, that is able to find a collision-free path to the view configuration determined by either of the the two view planners. Our modeling NBV algorithm efficiently searches the five-dimensional view space to determine the best modeling viewpoint, while considering key constraints such as field of view (FOV), overlap, and occlusion. If the determined viewpoint is reachable, the sensor-based path planner determines a collision-free path to move the manipulator to the desired view configuration, and a scan of the object is taken. Since the workspace is initially unknown, in some phases, the exploration view planner is used to increase information about the reachability and also the status of the modeling view configurations, since the view configuration may lie in an unknown workspace. This is repeated until the object modeling is complete or the planner deems that no further progress can be made, and the system stops. We have implemented the system with a six-DOF powercube arm and a wrist mounted Hokuyo URG-04LX laser scanner. Our results show that the system is able to autonomously build a 3D model of an object in situ in an unknown environment.
Observability of acoustical and optical localization (1987)

A ``pseudosphere'' approximation is introduced to describe quantitatively the localization of acoustic and optic waves. The localization length \ensuremath{\xi} is obtained in terms of experimentally accessible parameters (scatterer density and size, speed of sound or light, frequency). For d=3 it is predicted that acoustic Anderson localization will not be observed unless the scatterers are more efficitent than hard spheres. A phase diagram for the optic problem is obtained; it suggests the sudden onset of localization at moderate values of the scatterer density.
Anti–basal ganglia antibodies in acute and persistent Sydenham’s chorea (2002)

These results support the hypothesis that Syndenham's chorea is an autoantibody-mediated disorder. Western immunoblotting and immunofluorescence are the best methods for detecting anti-basal ganglia antibodies, and reactivity to basal ganglia antigens of 40, 45, and 60 kDa were commonly seen in both acute and persistent cases of SC.
Local inhibition of nitric oxide generation in man reduces blood flow in finger pulp but not in hand dorsum skin. (1996)

1. Nitric oxide generation is important in the regulation of resistance vessel tone. Until now, however, there has been no evidence of such a role for basal generation of nitric oxide in the skin microcirculation of humans. 2. To investigate this, L-NG-monomethylarginine (L-NMMA), a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, was administered at 1, 2 and 4 mumol min-1 (each for 10 min), via the brachial artery, in six healthy male subjects. 3. At each dose, using laser Doppler fluximetry, red blood cell flux was measured as an index of blood flow in the pulp of the thumb, an area rich in arteriovenous anastomoses, and on the dorsal surface of the hand, where arteriovenous anastomoses are rare. Finger nailfold capillary blood velocity was monitored at each dose using videomicroscopy. Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, before, and 8 min after, completing infusion of L-NMMA. All data were obtained from both the infused and control arms. 4. L-NMMA reduced blood flow in the infused forearm by 37% (P = 0.005). In contrast, dorsum red cell flux, capillary blood velocity, and skin temperature were unchanged. There was, however, a significant reduction in thumb red cell flux (ANOVA, P = 0.0001), reaching a maximum reduction of 33% with 4 mumol min-1 L-NMMA. There were no effects apparent in the opposite arm. 5. These results suggest that endogenous nitric oxide production may be more important in regulating microvascular skin blood flow in regions rich in arteriovenous anastomoses than in areas containing mainly nutritive vessels.
Superhydrophobic Behavior of a Perfluoropolyether Lotus-Leaf-like Topography (2006)

We demonstrate the fabrication of 2-D arrays of nanopillars made from perfluoropolyether derivatives using a porous anodic aluminum oxide membrane as a template. Pretexturing the aluminum prior to anodization enables one to engineer multiple morphological length scales and thereby synthesize a lotus-leaf-like topography. Both nanopillars on a flat surface and on a lotus-leaf-like topology exhibit superhydrophobicity, low contact angle hysteresis, and self-cleaning.
Renal Cell Carcinoma (2001)

In 1999 it was estimated that renal cell carcinoma (RCC) would account for 29,990 new cancer cases diagnosed in the United States (61% in men and 39% in women), and lead to 11,600 deaths. RCC accounts for 2-3% of all malignancies in adults and causes 2.3% of all cancer deaths in the United States annually (1). Approx 4% of all RCC cases are bilateral at some point in the life of the patient. Data from over 10,000 cases of renal cancer entered in the Connecticut Tumor Registry suggests an increase in the incidence of renal cancer from 1935-1989; in women the incidence increased from 0.7 to 4.2 in 100,000, and in men from 1.6 to 9.6 in 100,000 (2). Factors implicated in the development of RCC include cigarette smoking, exposure to petroleum products, obesity, diuretic use, cadmium exposure, and ionizing radiation (3-9).
Differential Utilization of CD134 as a Functional Receptor by Diverse Strains of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (2006)

The feline homologue of CD134 (fCD134) is the primary binding receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), targeting the virus preferentially to activated CD4+ helper T cells. However, with disease progression, the cell tropism of FIV broadens such that B cells and monocytes/macrophages become significant reservoirs of proviral DNA, suggesting that receptor utilization may alter with disease progression. We examined the receptor utilization of diverse strains of FIV and found that all strains tested utilized CD134 as the primary receptor. Using chimeric feline x human CD134 receptors, the primary determinant of receptor function was mapped to the first cysteine-rich domain (CRD1) of fCD134. For the PPR and B2542 strains, the replacement of CDR1 of fCD134 (amino acids 1 to 64) with human CD134 (hCD134) alone was sufficient to confer nearly optimal receptor function. However, evidence of differential utilization of CD134 was revealed, since strains GL8, CPGammer (CPG41), TM2, 0827, and NCSU1 required determinants in the region spanning amino acids 65 to 85, indicating that these strains may require a more stringent interaction for infection to proceed.
Lack of Interaction of Gabapentin with Carbamazepine or Valproate (1994)

Gabapentin (GBP) studies were conducted in patients with epilepsy receiving carbamazepine (CBZ, n = 12) or valproate (VPA, n = 14) monotherapy. The effects of GBP coadministration on steady-state CBZ or VPA concentrations and of these antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on GBP pharmacokinetics were investigated. GBP (400 mg) was coadministered every 8 h for 3 1/3 days with CBZ or for 5 1/3 days with VPA. GBP was well tolerated. Mean steady-state plasma CBZ/CBZ-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) and serum VPA concentrations before, during, and after GBP administration were not significantly different. Mean steady-state GBP pharmacokinetic parameters during CBZ or VPA coadministration were similar to steady-state parameters reported in healthy subjects. Thus, no pharmacokinetic interaction exists between CBZ or VPA and GBP. No dosage adjustment is necessary when GBP and CBZ or VPA are coadministered.
Diclofenac and metamizol in postoperative analgesia in plastic surgery. (2001)

Metamizol is significantly superior to diclofenac for the reduction of postoperative pain after plastic surgery in the first 18 hours after plastic surgery procedures and reduces the need for additional analgesia.
Evaluation of variable selection methods for random forests and omics data sets (2017)

Machine learning methods and in particular random forests are promising approaches for prediction based on high dimensional omics data sets. They provide variable importance measures to rank predictors according to their predictive power. If building a prediction model is the main goal of a study, often a minimal set of variables with good prediction performance is selected. However, if the objective is the identification of involved variables to find active networks and pathways, approaches that aim to select all relevant variables should be preferred. We evaluated several variable selection procedures based on simulated data as well as publicly available experimental methylation and gene expression data. Our comparison included the Boruta algorithm, the Vita method, recurrent relative variable importance, a permutation approach and its parametric variant (Altmann) as well as recursive feature elimination (RFE). In our simulation studies, Boruta was the most powerful approach, followed closely by the Vita method. Both approaches demonstrated similar stability in variable selection, while Vita was the most robust approach under a pure null model without any predictor variables related to the outcome. In the analysis of the different experimental data sets, Vita demonstrated slightly better stability in variable selection and was less computationally intensive than Boruta. In conclusion, we recommend the Boruta and Vita approaches for the analysis of high-dimensional data sets. Vita is considerably faster than Boruta and thus more suitable for large data sets, but only Boruta can also be applied in low-dimensional settings.
Photochemical Hydroperoxidation of Terpenes. Antimicrobial Activity of α-Pinene, β-Pinene and Limonene Hydroperoxides (2000)

Abstract The rose Bengal photosensitized oxidation of the (+) and (−) stereoisomers of α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene has been optimized to produce sufficient quantities of hydroperoxides for antimicrobial screening. Experimental conditions allowed the production of highly concentrated solutions of hydroperoxides (approximately 2 M, approximately 30 w%). The antimicrobial activity of each hydroperoxide solution was evaluated by measuring their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (1,2). All the hydroperoxides behave as powerful antimicrobial agents (similar to hydrogen peroxide). The MIC values were almost independent of the nature of the parent terpene but depended of the nature of the bacterial colony (five conventional families, met in human pathologies, were tested). Key Word Index: Antimicrobial activityα-pineneβ-pinenelimonenehydroperoxidation
Disease-causing missense mutations in the PHEX gene interfere with membrane targeting of the recombinant protein (2001)

PHEX is homologous to the M13 zinc metallopeptidases, a class of type II membrane glycoproteins. Although more than 140 mutations in the PHEX gene have been identified in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), the most prevalent form of inherited rickets, the molecular consequences of disease-causing PHEX mutations have not yet been investigated. We examined the effect of PHEX missense mutations on cellular trafficking of the recombinant protein. Four mutant PHEX cDNAs were generated by PCR mutagenesis: C85R, G579R and S711R, identified in XLH patients, and E581V, previously engineered in neutral endopeptidase 24.11, where it abolished catalytic activity but not plasma membrane targeting. Wild-type and mutant PHEX cDNAs were transfected in HEK(293) cells and PHEX protein expression was characterized. In contrast to the wild-type and E581V PHEX proteins, the C85R, G579R and S711R mutants were completely sensitive to endoglycosidase H digestion, indicating that they were not fully glycosylated. Sequestration of the disease-causing mutant proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane localization of wild-type and E581V PHEX proteins was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and cell surface biotinylation. Of the three mutant PHEX proteins, the S711R was the least stable and the only one that could be rescued from the ER to the plasma membrane in cells grown at 26 degrees C. The chemical chaperone glycerol failed to correct defective targeting of all three mutant proteins. Our data provide a mechanism for loss of PHEX function in XLH patients expressing the C85R, G579R and S711R mutations.
The Disulfide Isomerase Grp58 Is a Protective Factor against Prion Neurotoxicity (2005)

Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative disorders characterized by extensive neuronal apoptosis and accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrP(SC)). Recent reports indicate that PrP(SC) induces neuronal apoptosis via activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway and activation of the ER resident caspase-12. Here, we investigate the relationship between prion replication and induction of ER stress during different stages of the disease in a murine scrapie model. The first alteration observed consists of the upregulation of the ER chaperone of the glucose-regulated protein Grp58, which was detected during the presymptomatic phase and followed closely the formation of PrP(SC). An increase in Grp58 expression correlated with PrP(SC) accumulation at all stages of the disease in different brain areas, suggesting that this chaperone may play an important role in the cellular response to prion infection. Indeed, in vitro studies using N2a neuroblastoma cells demonstrated that inhibition of Grp58 expression with small interfering RNA led to a significant enhancement of PrP(SC) toxicity. Conversely, overexpression of Grp58 protected cells against PrP(SC) toxicity and decreased the rate of caspase-12 activation. Grp58 and PrP were shown to interact by coimmunoprecipitation, observing a higher interaction in cells infected with scrapie prions. Our data indicate that expression of Grp58 is an early cellular response to prion replication, acting as a neuroprotective factor against prion neurotoxicity. Our findings suggest that targeting Grp58 interaction may have applications for developing novel strategies for treatment and early diagnosis of prion diseases.
MR Lymphangiography at 3.0 T: Correlation with Lymphoscintigraphy (2012)

Imaging findings of MR lymphangiography and lymphoscintigraphy show a clear concordance. With lymphoscintigraphy, better visualization of inguinal lymph nodes was achieved, whereas with MR lymphangiography, better depiction of lymph vessels and morphologic features of lymph vessel abnormalities were achieved.