gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RAZER—A HRI for Visual Task-Level Programming and Intuitive Skill Parameterization (2018)

Maintaining competitiveness and mitigating health issues test caused by unergonomic working conditions are two main reasons for automating production processes. But such automation is expensive, also because test experts are required to program the robots. One approach to lowering these costs is to enable shop-floor workers to program robots by providing task-level programming tools. Task-level programming is an established approach, yet appropriate workflows for experts and shop-floor workers remain to be defined. The objective of this letter is to evaluate RAZER, a framework for robot task-level programming, in which skill programming and parameter interface definitions are integrated. The framework provides workflows for both experts-creating skills and providing their parameter interfaces-and for shop-floor workers-using these skills to create executable robot tasks in an intuitive human-robot interface (HRI). The HRI is a graphical user interface that runs in a browser, and provides access to other man-machine interface, such as programming by demonstration. Two pilot and two user studies proof that RAZER fulfills the demands of both experts and novice users.
DUNE: a multi-layer gridless routing system with wire planning (2001)

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A study of epoxy resin-acrylated polyurethane semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (1998)

Epoxy resin–acrylated polyurethane semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) were synthesized containing various ratios of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA)-based epoxy resin and an acrylated aliphatic urethane oligomer. The synthesis was carried out in the presence of a mixture of triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts as a dual photoinitiator that initiates both the cationic polymerization of the epoxy resin and the free-radical polymerization of the acrylated urethane oligomer simultaneously, upon irradiation with ultraviolet light. The simultaneous photopolymerization, followed by isothermal differential scanning calorimetry measurements, gave rise to simultaneous semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-SINs). During polymerization, partial inhibition of the cationic polymerization was noticed. This was investigated by determination of the gel content and the infrared spectroscopy of the soluble fraction, after extraction of the synthesized polymer films in a Soxhlet apparatus, and by determination of the network density of investigated systems with thermal mechanical analysis. The compatibility of the components in the semi-IPNs was investigated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. It was found that glass transition temperatures are shifted inwardly, which indicated that the epoxy resin–acrylated polyurethane semi-IPNs were compatible. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68:111–119, 1998
Molecular cloning of a coding sequence of Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin gene (1986)

An expression library of Bordetella pertussis DNA sequences obtained by DNAase I digestion was constructed in bacteriophage λgt11. A clone with an insert of 2.9 kb which expresses epitopes recognized by B. pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) antibodies was isolated. FHA antibodies immunopurified using immobilized β-galactosidase-FHA fusion protein detect specifically FHA in B. pertussis culture supernatants on Western blots. A partial sequence of the λgt11 DNA insert reveals a 65% GC content of the gene.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Cyclic Carbonates with Amidinium Halide Catalysts in Reusable, Reversible, Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids or Acetonitrile. (2012)

Abstract Reaction between epoxides (I) and carbon dioxide (II) in room temperature ionic liquids and in the presence of an amidinium halide catalyst occurs cleanly to provide the cyclic carbonates (III), exclusively.
A novel soluble aminocellulose derivative type: its transparent film-forming properties and its efficient coupling with enzyme proteins for biosensors (2000)

By means of the reaction of 6-tosylcellulose derivatives with diamino compounds, it has been possible to provide a new soluble and film-forming aminocellulose-derivative type with a diamine residue at C-6 of the anhydroglucose unit (AGU) and with so-called solubilizing groups, such as acetate, benzoate, carbanilate, methoxy and/or tosylate groups at C-2/C-3. For example, aminocellulose derivatives were synthesized with aliphatic diamine residues of different alkyl chain lengths ((CH2)m with m = 2, 4, 6, 8, 12) at C-6. Other new aminocellulose derivatives were those with an aromatic diamine residue, e.g., 1,4-phenylenediamine or benzidine residue and others, at C-6. Depending on the structure of the diamine residue at C-6 and of the substituents at C-2/C-3, the aminocellulose derivatives were soluble in various solvents, mostly in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Aminocelluloses with a diaminoethane or diaminobutane residue at C-6 and methoxy groups at C-2/C-3 were soluble in water. All the amino celluloses synthesized formed transparent films from their solutions. These aminocelluloses apparently form superstructures or so-called supramolecular architectures according to a structure-inherent organization principle, which became visible, for example, in the case of PDA cellulose tosylates (in DMA) as gel-like aggregates after approx. 1 week of storage at 4°C. The superstructures or aggregates could be imaged on the aminocellulose film surface by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the form of characteristic topographic structures, e. g. as “hole” structures. In this way, structural and environment-induced factors influencing the aggregate formation were found. The transparent aminocellulose films were excellently suited for covalent coupling with oxidoreductase enzymes such as glucose oxidase (GOD), lactate oxidase (LOD), peroxidase (POD) via bifunctional compounds. A number of new bifunctional enzyme coupling reactions, e. g. via L-ascorbic acid or benzenedisulfonic dichlorides forming amide or sulfonamide coupling structures led to functionally stable nanostructure building blocks with recognition patterns in the case of GOD and POD coupling to PDA cellulose tosylate films. The PDA cellulose derivatives proved to be promising cellulose structural units because the redox-chromogenic PDA residue at C-6 provides the derivatives with a wide range of reaction possibilities, e.g. diazo coupling reactions, NH2-reactive coupling reactions and oxidative coupling reactions to redox dyes.
DeepEM3D: approaching human-level performance on 3D anisotropic EM image segmentation (2017)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ScrB (Cg2927) is a sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase essential for sucrose utilization by<i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (2008)

Corynebacterium glutamicum can grow on a variety of carbohydrates from which glucose, fructose and sucrose are taken up and phosphorylated by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS). Here, we show that cg2927 (scrB) encodes sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase. The purified His-tagged protein hydrolyzed sucrose-6-phosphate and sucrose, but not sucrose-6'-phosphate. The Km value for sucrose was 190 mM while the Km for sucrose-6-phosphate was much lower, 0.04 mM. Sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase activity was stimulated by MgSO4 and fructose-6-phosphate and was inhibited by MnCl2, CaCl2, CuSO4 and ZnSO4. A scrB deletion mutant could not grow on sucrose as the sole carbon source. In addition, growth in the absence of scrB was severely decreased when sucrose was present in addition to glucose, fructose or acetate, suggesting that higher intracellular concentrations of sucrose-6-phosphate are toxic. Transcriptional start sites in the cg2929-cg2928-scrB-ptsS locus could be revealed upstream of cg2929 and upstream of the sucrose-specific PTS gene ptsS. Of these, only ptsS showed increased expression when grown in the presence of sucrose, which was due to control by the transcriptional regulator SugR. The sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase activity, however, was increased two- to threefold during growth in fructose- or sucrose-containing media, regardless of the presence or absence of SugR.
Photoluminescence from SWCNT/Cu Hybrid Nanostructure Synthesized by a Soft Chemical Route (2012)

We report a simple wet chemical technique to coat single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with Cu nanoparticles. The SWCNT/Cu hybrid nanostructure has been characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) study, and Raman spectroscopy. Characteristic optical properties of the nanohybrid structure have been identified through UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. When excited by a radiation of 400 nm wavelength, PL emission in the visible range of 480–620 nm was observed due to charge transfer. This property may be exploited in photovoltaic cells, solar energy conversion, and sensor devices.
Systematic evaluation of iterative deep neural networks for fast parallel MRI reconstruction with sensitivity‐weighted coil combination (2021)

In this work, we study how dataset sizes affect single-anatomy and cross-anatomy training of neural networks for MRI reconstruction. The study provides insights into the robustness, properties, and acceleration limits of state-of-the-art networks, and our proposed down-up networks. These key insights provide essential aspects to successfully translate learning-based MRI reconstruction to clinical practice, where we are confronted with limited datasets and various imaged anatomies.
A general stiffness model for programmable matter and modular robotic structures (2011)

SUMMARY The fields of modular reconfigurable robotics and programmable matter study how to compose functionally useful systems from configurations of modules. In addition to the external shape of a module configuration, the internal arrangement of modules and bonds between them can greatly impact functionally relevant mechanical properties such as load bearing ability. A fast method to evaluate the mechanical property aids the search for an arrangement of modules achieving a desired mechanical property as the space of possible configurations grows combinatorially. We present a fast approximate method where the bonds between modules are represented with stiffness matrices that are general enough to represent a wide variety of systems and follows the natural modular decomposition of the system. The method includes nonlinear modeling such as anisotropic bonds and properties that vary as components flex. We show that the arrangement of two types of bonds within a programmable matter systems enables programming the apparent elasticity of the structure. We also present a method to experimentally determine the stiffness matrix for chain style reconfigurable robots. The efficacy of applying the method is demonstrated on the CKBot modular robot and two programmable matter systems: the Rubik's snake folding chain toy and a right angle tetrahedron chain called RATChET7mm. By allowing the design space to be rapidly explored we open the door to optimizing modular structures for desired mechanical properties such as enhanced load bearing and robustness.
Recognition of Cations by Self-Assembled Monolayers of Crown Ethers (1999)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of crown ether adsorbates on gold reversibly bind metal ions from aqueous solutions. The resulting changes of the electrochemical properties of the monolayers were monitored by impedance spectroscopy. The increased dielectric constant of the layer due to the complexation of ions results in an increase of the monolayer capacitance (CML). Analysis of the response curves with a Langmuir isotherm enables the determination of association constants of the SAMs with various metal ions. The cation binding also influences the charge-transfer resistance (RCT) of a redox couple Ru(NH3)62+/3+ in the electrolyte. Comparison of both responses allows an accurate interpretation of the origin of the resistive response. Furthermore, the association constants enable the quantitative determination of interactions between SAMs and metal ions, using either capacitive or resistive responses.
Characteristics of erbium-silicided <i>n</i>-type Schottky barrier tunnel transistors (2003)

The current–voltage characteristics of erbium-silicided n-type Schottky barrier tunnel transistors (SBTTs) are discussed. The n-type SBTTs with 60 nm gate lengths shows typical transistor behaviors in drain current to drain voltage characteristics. The drain current on/off ratio is about 105 at low drain voltage regime in drain current to gate voltage characteristics. However, the on/off ratio tends to decrease as the drain voltage increases. From the numerical simulation results, the increase of off-current is mainly attributed to the thermionic current and the increase of drain current is mainly attributed to the tunneling current, respectively. This phenomenon is explained by using drain induced Schottky barrier thickness thinning effect.
Refinery production planning and scheduling: the refining core business (2012)

Intelligent production planning and scheduling are of paramount importance to ensure refinery profitability, logistic reliability and safety at the local and corporate levels. In Brazil, such activities play a particularly critical role, since the Brazilian downstream model is moving towards a demand-driven model rather than a supply-driven one. Moreover, new and specialized non-linear constraints are continuously being incorporated into these large-scale problems: increases in oil prices implying the need for processing poor quality crudes, increasing demand and new demand patterns for petroleum products, new stringent environmental regulations related to clean fuels and start-up of new production technologies embedded into more complex refining schemes. This paper aims at clarifying the central role of refinery planning and scheduling activities in the Petrobras refining business. Major past and present results are outlined and corporate long-term strategies to deal with present and future challenges are presented.
Evaluation and use of a large plastic scintillator for gamma counting. (1963)

A well-type scintillation counter capable of accommodating a 1000 ml sample was constructed from a block of NE 102 plastic. The plastic phosphor is mounted on a 16 inch photomultiplier tube, which is operated with conventional electronic counting equipment including a pulseheight analyzer. The counter was used to measure Co/sup 60/, Co/sup 58/, Fe/sup 59/, Cr/sup 51/, and I/sup 131/. Differential counting proved superior to integral operation for each of the isotopes; it effects a two-thirds reduction of integral background while retaining more than 80% of the signal. The efficiency of the counter is comparable to that of a conventional sodium iodide well. When large sample volumes are available, the sensitivity of the large plastic phosphor is 70 times greater than the sodium iodide crystal. The plastic scintillator proved invaluable for measuring radioactivity in human excreta. A technique was developed that permits sensitive and reproducible estimation of retained radioactivity in small laboratory animals. (auth)
Artemisinin and the antimalarial endoperoxides: from herbal remedy to targeted chemotherapy (1996)

Artemisinin and its derivatives are endoperoxide-containing compounds which represent a promising new class of antimalarial drugs. In the presence of intraparasitic iron, these drugs are converted into free radicals and other electrophilic intermediates which then alkylate specific malaria target proteins. Combinations of available derivatives and other antimalarial agents show promise both as first-line agents and in the treatment of severe disease.
Real-time imaging of DNA loop extrusion by condensin (2018)

It has been hypothesized that SMC protein complexes such as condensin and cohesin spatially organize chromosomes by extruding DNA into large loops. We directly visualized the formation and processive extension of DNA loops by yeast condensin in real time. Our findings constitute unambiguous evidence for loop extrusion. We observed that a single condensin complex is able to extrude tens of kilobase pairs of DNA at a force-dependent speed of up to 1500 base pairs per second, using the energy of adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. Condensin-induced loop extrusion was strictly asymmetric, which demonstrates that condensin anchors onto DNA and reels it in from only one side. Active DNA loop extrusion by SMC complexes may provide the universal unifying principle for genome organization.
Non-encapsulated thermo-liquid crystals for digital particle tracking thermography/velocimetry in microfluidics (2012)

The ever accelerating state of technology has powered an increasing interest in heat transfer solutions and process engineering innovations in the microfluidics domain. In order to carry out such developments, reliable heat transfer diagnostic techniques are necessary. Thermo-liquid crystal (TLC) thermography, in combination with particle image velocimetry, has been a widely accepted and commonly used technique for the simultaneous measurement and characterization of temperature and velocity fields in macroscopic fluid flows for several decades. However, low seeding density, volume illumination, and low TLC particle image quality at high magnifications present unsurpassed challenges to its application to three-dimensional flows with microscopic dimensions. In this work, a measurement technique to evaluate the color response of individual non-encapsulated TLC particles is presented. A Shirasu porous glass membrane emulsification approach was used to produce the non-encapsulated TLC particles with a narrow size distribution and a multi-variable calibration procedure, making use of all three RGB and HSI color components, as well as the proper orthogonally decomposed RGB components, was used to achieve unprecedented low uncertainty levels in the temperature estimation of individual particles, opening the door to simultaneous temperature and velocity tracking using 3D velocimetry techniques.
Differences in Neuroradiology Training Programs around the World (2014)

There is a wide variety of fellowship offerings, lessons provided, and ratios of teachers to learners in neuroradiology training programs globally.
Rat Cavernous Nerve Reconstruction with CD133+Cells Derived from Human Bone Marrow (2014)

Transplantation of CD133+ cells accelerated the functional and histological recovery in this cavernous nerve injury model, and the recovery mechanism is thought to be angiogenesis and upregulation of growth factors. CD133+ cells could be an optional treatment for cavernous nerve injury after prostatectomy in clinical settings.
Vitronectin receptor has a role in bone resorption but does not mediate tight sealing zone attachment of osteoclasts to the bone surface. (1991)

During bone resorption, osteoclasts form a tight attachment, the sealing zone, around resorption lacunae. Vitronectin receptor has previously been shown to be expressed in osteoclasts and it has been suggested that it mediates the tight attachment at the sealing zone. In this study we have shown that glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine pentapeptide inhibits bone resorption by isolated osteoclasts and drastically changes the morphology of the osteoclasts. When the vitronectin receptor was localized by immunofluorescence in rat and chicken osteoclasts cultured on bone slices, it was found to be distributed throughout the osteoclast cell membrane except in the sealing zone areas. Immunoperoxidase staining of rat bone sections at the light microscopical level also revealed intense staining of the cell membrane with occasional small unstained areas, probably corresponding to the sealing zones. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the results obtained by light microscopy showing specific labeling only at the ruffled borders and basolateral membranes (0.82 and 2.43 gold particles/microns of membrane, respectively), but not at the sealing zone areas (0.06 gold particles/microns of membrane). Both alpha v and beta 3 subunits of the vitronectin receptor were similarly localized. These results strongly suggest that, although the vitronectin receptor is important in the function of osteoclasts, it is not mediating the final sealing zone attachment of the osteoclasts to the mineralized bone surface.
Noise figure of phase-sensitive parametric amplifier using a mach-zehnder interferometer with lossy kerr media and noisy pump (2003)

The noise figure (NF) of a phase-sensitive parametric amplifier using a nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer (NMZI) with Kerr media is analyzed for amplitude-modulation signals. In the analysis, the distributed loss of the Kerr media and the excess noise of the pump light are taken into account. As for the distributed loss of the Kerr media, the quantum Langevin equation for the NMZI is derived and solved. The results elucidate a simple degradation factor in the NF representation of the amplifier. This factor implies that the NF can be less than the standard quantum limit (SQL) of 3 dB, even if the total loss of the Kerr media exceeds 3 dB. As for the excess noise of the pump light, the semi-classical small signal analysis is utilized. The results clearly indicate that the signal-to-noise ratio of the pump light must be four times higher than that of the input signal in order to realize a low-noise optical amplifier under the SQL of 3 dB.
Regioselective Synthesis of 1-Aryl-3,4-substituted/annulated-5-(methylthio)pyrazoles and 1-Aryl-3-(methylthio)-4,5-substituted/annulated Pyrazoles (2005)

[reaction: see text] Highly efficient and regioselective synthesis of 1-aryl-3,4-substituted/annulated-5-(methylthio)pyrazoles and 1-aryl-3-(methylthio)-4,5-substituted/annulated pyrazoles has been reported via cyclocondensation of arylhydrazines with either alpha-oxoketene dithioacetals or beta-oxodithioesters.
Vision-based on-board collision avoidance system for aircraft navigation (2006)

This paper presents an automated classification system for images based on their visual complexity. The image complexity is approximated using a clutter measure, and parameters for processing it are dynamically chosen. The classification method is part of a vision-based collision avoidance system for low altitude aerial vehicles, intended to be used during search and rescue operations in urban settings. The collision avoidance system focuses on detecting thin obstacles such as wires and power lines. Automatic parameter selection for edge detection shows a 5% and 12% performance improvement for medium and heavily cluttered images respectively. The automatic classification enabled the algorithm to identify near invisible power lines in a 60 frame video footage from a SUAV helicopter crashing during a search and rescue mission at hurricane Katrina, without any manual intervention.