gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarized expression of a chimeric protein in which the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the influenza virus hemagglutinin have been replaced by those of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. (1986)

In polarized epithelial cells, influenza virus buds exclusively from the apical domain of the plasma membrane, whereas vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) buds exclusively from the basolateral domain. In virus-infected cells, the envelope proteins, influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV G), are likewise transported to and localized in the same domain of the plasma membrane from which the viruses bud. Previous studies have shown that influenza HA and VSV G proteins, when expressed from cloned cDNAs, are accumulated preferentially on the proper domains (apical and basolateral, respectively), indicating that the signal(s) for polarized transport resides in the polypeptide backbone of the proteins. To further elucidate the structural features required for apical vs. basolateral transport, we have constructed a gene that encodes a chimeric protein (H1GA) containing the external domain of HA and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of VSV G. When the chimeric protein (H1GA) is expressed in CV1 cells using a simian virus 40 late expression vector, it is transported to the cell surface with kinetics similar to that of the native HA protein. Further, the chimeric protein, when expressed in polarized MDCK cells using a vaccinia virus early expression vector, is transported only to the apical surface, suggesting that the ectodomain of HA contains a signal for apical transport.
Design, Synthesis, and Amplification of DNA Pools for In Vitro Selection (2000)

Preparation of a random-sequence DNA pool is presented. The degree of randomization and the length of the random sequence are discussed, as is synthesis of the pool using a DNA synthesizer. Purification of a single-stranded pool and conversion to a double-stranded pool are presented as step-by-step protocols. Support protocols describe determination of the complexity and skewing of the pool, and optimization of amplification conditions.
Directional coding of audio using a circular microphone array (2013)

We propose a real-time method for coding an acoustic environment based on estimating the Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) and reproducing it using an arbitrary loudspeaker configuration or headphones. We encode the sound field with the use of one audio signal and side-information. The audio signal can be further encoded with an MP3 encoder to reduce the bitrate. We investigate how such coding can affect the spatial impression and sound quality of spatial audio reproduction. Also, we propose a lossless efficient compression scheme for the side-information. Our method is compared with other recently proposed microphone array based methods for directional coding. Listening tests confirm the effectiveness of our method in achieving excellent reconstruction of the sound field while maintaining the sound quality at high levels.
AN IRON COMPOUND OF GLUCONIC ACID (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAN IRON COMPOUND OF GLUCONIC ACIDA. Proskouriakoff and R. J. TitheringtonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1934, 56, 4, 996–997Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01319a507https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01319a507research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Frequent Downregulation of miR-34 Family in Human Ovarian Cancers (2010)

Our work suggests that miR-34 family plays an important role in EOC pathogenesis and reduced expression of miR-34b*/c may be particularly important for progression to the most advanced stages. Part of miR-34 effects on motility and invasion may be explained by regulation of MET, which is frequently overexpressed in EOC.
Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Serum 16-Dehydropregnenolone. (2001)

We have developed an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for serum 16-dehydropregnenolone (3beta-hydroxy-5,16-pregnadien-20-one; 16-DHP). The antiserum against 16-DHP-3-hemisuccinate conjugated bovine serum albumin (16-DHP-3HS-BSA) was raised in rabbits. For use as an enzyme labeled antigen, 16-DHP-3HS was conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. The minimal amount of 16-DHP detected was 4 pg (0.013 pmol)/assay and the measurable range was from 0.06-60 ng/ml (0.191-191 nmol/l). The intra-assay coefficient of variation (C.V.) was 4.1% (0.73+/-0.03 ng/ml, mean+/-S.D., n=6), and inter-assay C.V. was 7.7% (0.13+/-0.01 ng/ml, n=6). A liner relation was observed between the serum sample dilution and the 16-DHP concentration. For the recovery study, authentic 16-DHP was added to a serum sample (original concentration: 0.10-0.14 ng/ml), and the recovery was found to be 94.4-96.8% (final 16-DHP concentrations calculated: 0.29-16.3 ng/ml). To investigate the reliability of the present EIA, the values from our EIA were compared with those obtained by GC-MS. The 16-DHP concentration could not be measured in serum by GC-MS because of its sensitivity. Therefore, the conjugated steroid, 16-DHPS, was first enzymatically hydrolysed and then the 16-DHP measured by both methods. There was a good correlation between the levels determined by these methods (Pearson's correlation coefficient: r=0.927, p<0.001, y=0.74x+3.61, n=27). The serum concentrations of 16-DHP in neonates and umbilical vein were 0.53+/-0.09 ng/ml and 0.88+/-0.61 ng/ml, respectively. No 16-DHP was detected in serum from normal healthy adults using the present EIA. These results suggest that 16-DHP originates from the fetus and neonate.
Durability of Bioprosthetic Cardiac Valves (2008)

The choice of heart valve prosthesis should be tailored to each patient taking into account the patient's age, life expectancy, comorbidities, and life style. Different decisions may be made now than those based on earlier recommendations resulting in an individualized treatment, in patients over the age of 65 or 70.
An advanced high-performance trench-isolated self-aligned bipolar technology (1987)

This paper describes the extension of "double-poly" self-aligned bipolar technology to include a silicon-filled trench with self-aligned cap oxide isolation, a p{^+} polysilicon defined epi-base lateral p-n-p, a p{^+} polysilicon defined self-aligned guard-ring Schottky-barrier diode, and p{^+} polysilicon resistors. Experimental circuits designed with 1.2-µm design rules have shown switching delays of as small as 73 ps for ECL circuits with FI = FO = 1. ISL circuits built with the same process on the same chip as the ECL circuits exhibit a sub-400-ps switching delay. The performance of the technology has also been demonstrated by a 5-kbit ECL SRAM with a 760-µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Schottky-clamped multi-emitter cell and 1.0-ns access time.
The effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on ischemic pain in the lower extremities. (1980)

The effect of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) on ischemic pain in the lower extremities was tested. Eleven patients with severe arterial insufficiency were observed before and after TNS. The results indicate pain relief and increased walking distance in all subjects. We interpret the results of this study that ischemic pain can be diminished by TNS.
Optical guiding of microscopic particles in femtosecond and continuous wave Bessel light beams (2004)

Optical guiding of microscopic particles is studied and compared for femtosecond and continuous wave Bessel light beams. We confirm that optical guiding is an average power effect and observe no difference in the guiding velocities for non-fluorescing polymer microspheres. Additionally, we observe second harmonic generation of guided KTP particles. This observation opens up the prospect for optical identification of guided cells for sorting purposes.
Galanin hyperinnervates surviving neurons of the human basal nucleus of meynert in dementias of alzheimer's and parkinson's disease: A hypothesis for the role of galanin in accentuating cholinergic dysfunction in dementia (1988)

This study summarizes the findings from postmortem examination of the brains of 22 control cases without neurological deficit, 12 cases of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), and nine cases of Parkinson's disease (three without signs of intellectual deterioration, four with dementia, and two atypical with dementia nonresponsive to L-dopa treatment). The aim of this study was to find the similarities and differences in galanin innervation of the cholinergic basal nucleus neurons in these dementing disorders as compared with controls. Immunocytochemistry with antibodies against galanin peptide and against choline acetyltransferase was applied on perfused brain preparations. Galanin peptide is present in the basal nucleus of Meynert neuron networks in the normal human brain: in local circuit neurons, in a number of galanin/cholinergic neurons, and in a feedback circuit via collaterals) that terminate upon the cholinergic neuronal somata and dendrites. Thus, peptide galanin circuits could function as powerful modulators of the activities of basal nucleus cholinergic neurons, both within the basal forebrain and in their wider projections to the neocortex and amygdala. As galanin has been shown to inhibit cholinergic activity, this galanin network could suppress the activity of cholinergic neurons. In SDAT, there is a primary loss of cholinergic neurons compounded by a secondary reaction of the remaining cholinergic neurons to the terminal degeneration in the cortex. Galanin networks demonstrate an inverse relationship to the cholinergic cell loss. Galanin axons hypertrophy and hyperinnervate the remaining cholinergic neurons. In Parkinson's disease the loss of cholinergic neurons is accentuated by the presence of dementia: the hypertrophy of the galanin axonal networks on cholinergic neurons is dramatic in Parkinson's disease with dementia. These observations throw new light on the neurotransmitter bases for these dementias. Galanin controls cholinergic mechanisms in the basal nucleus of Meynert, and dementia is accompanied by augmentation of galanin innervation onto an already depressed population of cholinergic neurons, thus demonstrating an appreciable amount of plasticity even in aged brain. These findings suggest that the present therapy of cholinergic enhancement as a means to retard intellectual deterioration can by itself have little effect at best, in these dementias. The suppressive effect of galanin peptide has to be reduced or curtailed, perhaps concurrently with the treatment of the cholinergic deficit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Penetrating the cloud (2013)

Picture a hazy utopia, where data and resources are available to users irrespective of their location, mode of access or the device used. That was the future promised by the cloud and which has seen many organisations move at least some part of their operations across to these virtual networks. However, what we are only just beginning to be aware of is that the cloud may be just as insubstantial as its name suggests when it comes to security. It would seem the complexity of testing these virtual environments is only now becoming apparent. In the event of a cloud security breach there's only one real loser – the end user. With Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) dodging the security bullet, organisations need to step up to ensure their data and applications are made secure. Traditional approaches to penetration testing do not translate well to the cloud. However, virtualised penetration testing is capable of bridging the physical/virtual network divide. It gives back control over data in the cloud to the organisation and offers the security assurance that has been found wanting from many CSPs, says Greg Jones at Digital Assurance.
Circumstance (1959)

CIRCUMSTANCE S. W. BECKER, JR., M.D.* Scientific journals today contain many excellent articles proving, with various types ofrefined mathematics, that increased radiation is harming the human race. One cannot doubt that certain individuals are suffering organic damage, and no one condones the indiscriminate release ofharmful radiation into the atmosphere. However, any statement regarding injury to the race as a whole implies vast knowledge ofthe future. Once the highest form ofanimal life lived in the sea, a dense, buoyant, protective environment infinitely better than the thin, radiation-filled, relatively harsh atmosphere above. Still, certain forms oflife were moved by circumstances and eventually established themselves upon the land. Now the human species stands safely within an ocean ofair and gazes upward into the thin, radiation-filled, relatively harsh environment of outer space. It is as unfitted for this region as are fish for the land. Circumstances have released the potent force ofradiation, which will certainly affect the human race. To attempt to evaluate the final result today seems premature. It is unwise to point to any organism and say that this represents ultimate biologic perfection. For once a fish walked on the land—and a man may walk on the stars. They abide this day according to thine ordinances; For all things are thy servants [Ps. 119:91]. * The Whiting Clinic, 1900 Indianapolis Boulevard, Whiting, Indiana. 402 S. W. Becker, Jr. · Circumstance Perspectives in Biology and Medicine · Summer 1959 ...
HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE UPTAKE BY ATHEROMA IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC RABBITS: THE SPECTRA OF FLUORESCENCE FROM HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE DEMONSTRATED BY AN EXCIMER DYE LASER (1987)

Abstract A new diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic system consisting of an excimer pulse dye laser is presented. This report demonstrates the accumulation of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) in atheroma as shown by the fluorescence of HpD using this equipment. Atheroma was induced in the aorta of WHHL (Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic) rabbits, 5 mg kg −1 HpD was injected intravenously and the rabbits were sacrificed 24 h later. The aorta was dissected and the localization of HpD was examined. Characteristic peaks of the fluorescence of HpD at 630, 665 and 690 nm wavelength were detected in the atheromatous lesion. However, in the fatty plaque, the emission peak at 630 nm was lower and the 665 nm peak faded away. No fluorescence with peaks was detected in the normal area. The ratio of fluorescence intensity in atheroma, border zones and normal areas was 10.4 : 5.0 : 1.0. On normal rabbits made atherosclerotic by diet and balloon damage, an ultra thin endoscopic catheter was inserted from the descending aorta of atherosclerotic rabbits under anesthesia. Essentially the same data was obtained by these studies in vivo as was obtained in the in vitro studies. The above data suggests the possibility of future applications of this equipment for diagnosis of atheroma.
Public vs. private (2008)

The goal of this research is to facilitate the design of systems which will mine and use sociocentric social networks without infringing privacy. We describe an extensive experiment we conducted within our organization comparing social network information gathered from various intranet public sources with social network information gathered from a private source - the organizational email system. We also report the conclusions of a series of interviews we conducted based on our experiment. The results shed light on the richness of public social network information, its characteristics, and added value over email network information.
Cycloadditionen mit Azabenzolen, VII<sup>1)</sup> Reaktion von Pyrimidinen mit <i>N,N</i>‐Diäthyl‐1‐propinylamin (1974)

Abstract Die Pyrimidincarbonsäureester 2a – 2c reagieren mit N,N ‐Diäthyl‐1‐propinylamin ( 1 ) in einer Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion mit inversem Elektronenbedarf zu den Pyridinderivaten 3a – 3f . Es werden Regeln für die Orientierung der beiden Reaktionspartner zueinander abgeleitet.
Sequential Query Expansion using Concept Graph (2016)

Manually and automatically constructed concept graphs (or semantic networks), in which the nodes correspond to words or phrases and the typed edges designate semantic relationships between words and phrases, have been previously shown to be rich sources of effective latent concepts for query expansion. However, finding good expansion concepts for a given query in large and dense concept graphs is a challenging problem, since the number of candidate concepts that are related to query terms and phrases and need to be examined increases exponentially with the distance from the original query concepts. In this paper, we propose a two-stage feature-based method for sequential selection of the most effective concepts for query expansion from a concept graph. In the first stage, the proposed method weighs the concepts according to different types of computationally inexpensive features, including collection and concept graph statistics. In the second stage, a sequential concept selection algorithm utilizing more expensive features is applied to find the most effective expansion concepts at different distances from the original query concepts. Experiments on TREC datasets of different type indicate that the proposed method achieves significant improvement in retrieval accuracy over state-of-the-art methods for query expansion using concept graphs.
Molecular basis for positive and negative signaling by the natural killer cell receptor 2B4 (CD244) (2005)

Triggering of 2B4 (CD244) can induce natural killer (NK)-cell activation, costimulation, or even inhibition of NK-cell activity. Here, we investigate the molecular basis for the different signals generated by 2B4. We show that the first immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) within the cytoplasmic tail of 2B4 is sufficient for 2B4-mediated NK-cell activation, whereas the third ITSM can negatively influence 2B4 signaling. We further identify signaling molecules that associate with 2B4. Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule-associated protein (SAP) can bind to all 4 ITSMs of 2B4 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The phosphorylated third ITSM can additionally recruit the phosphatases SHP-1, SHP-2, SHIP, and the inhibitory kinase Csk. SAP acts as an inhibitor of interactions between 2B4 and these negative regulatory molecules, explaining how 2B4 inhibits NK-cell activation in the absence of functional SAP, as occurs in cells from patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP). Recently, another function for SAP was proposed: SAP can recruit the kinase Fyn to the SLAM (CD150) immune receptor. We now show that Fyn can also associate with phosphorylated 2B4. Finally, we demonstrate that Fyn and Csk can both phosphorylate 2B4, suggesting a possible mechanism of 2B4 phosphorylation.
Single-shot phase retrieval via Fourier ptychographic microscopy (2018)

Phase retrieval is an important tool to unveil wavefront of light, especially in high performance microscopy such as Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM). In general phase-retrieval methods, the resolution and the number of measurements are in a trade-off relationship. Inspired by FPM, we devise what we believe is a novel microscopic phase-retrieval method, termed single-shot FPM (SSFPM). In our approach, the imaging performance exceeds the trade-off relationship in that it enables phase retrieval for high resolution with a single measurement. By placing the lens array at the Fourier plane of the objective lens, multiple intensity profiles required for the FPM algorithm are collected in a single shot. To achieve enough redundancy of data for satisfying convergence condition of FPM, the specimen is simultaneously illuminated by multiple light-emitting diodes. SSFPM reconstructs quantitative phase profile and enhances the resolution sacrificed by applying lens-array imaging. We demonstrate the performance of SSFPM with numerical simulation and experiments. The prototype achieves lateral resolution of 3.10 μm over a field of view of 0.34  mm2. Without an interferometer or scanning devices, SSFPM can reconstruct high resolution of a complex profile with a single shot.
Csy4 is responsible for CRISPR RNA processing in<i>Pectobacterium atrosepticum</i> (2011)

CRISPR/Cas systems provide bacteria and archaea with small RNA-based adaptive immunity against foreign elements such as phages and plasmids. An important step in the resistance mechanism involves the generation of small guide RNAs (crRNAs) that, in combination with Cas proteins, recognize and inhibit foreign nucleic acids in a sequence specific manner. The generation of crRNAs requires processing of the primary CRISPR RNA by an endoribonuclease. In this study we have characterized the Ypest subtype CRISPR/Cas system in the plant pathogen Pectobacterium atrosepticum. We analyse the transcription of the cas genes and the 3 CRISPR arrays. The cas genes are expressed as an operon and all three CRISPR arrays are transcribed and processed into small RNAs. The Csy4 protein was identified as responsible for processing of CRISPR RNA in vivo and in vitro into crRNAs and appears to interact with itself in the absence of other Cas proteins. This study furthers our understanding of the CRISPR/Cas mechanism by providing the first in vivo evidence that the CRISPR endoribonuclease Csy4 generates crRNAs in its native host and characterizes the operonic transcription of the cas cluster.
<i>T</i><sub>2</sub> relaxation reveals spatial collagen architecture in articular cartilage: A comparative quantitative MRI and polarized light microscopic study (2001)

It has been suggested that orientational changes in the collagen network of articular cartilage account for the depthwise T2 anisotropy of MRI through the magic angle effect. To investigate the relationship between laminar T2 appearance and collagen organization (anisotropy), bovine osteochondral plugs (N = 9) were T2 mapped at 9.4T with cartilage surface normal to the static magnetic field. Collagen fibril arrangement of the same samples was studied with polarized light microscopy, a quantitative technique for probing collagen organization by analyzing its ability to rotate plane polarized light, i.e., birefringence (BF). Depthwise variation of safranin O-stained proteoglycans was monitored with digital densitometry. The spatially varying cartilage T2 followed the architectural arrangement of the collagen fibril network: a linear positive correlation between T2 and the reciprocal of BF was established in each sample, with r = 0.91 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SEM, N = 9). The current results reveal the close connection between the laminar T2 structure and the collagen architecture in histologic zones.