gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Vitaxin®, a novel therapeutic in trial for metastatic bone tumors, on osteoclast functions in vitro (2007)

The integrin alphavbeta3 mediates cell-matrix interactions. Vitaxin(R), a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks human and rabbit alphavbeta3 integrins, is in clinical trials for metastatic melanoma and prostate cancer. alphavbeta3 is the predominant integrin on osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption in health and disease. Here, we report the first investigation of Vitaxin's effects on osteoclast activity. Vitaxin (100-300 ng/ml) decreased total resorption by 50%, but did not alter resorptive activity per osteoclast. Vitaxin (300 ng/ml) decreased osteoclast numbers on plastic by 35% after 48 h. Similarly, attachment after 2 h was reduced by 30% when osteoclasts were incubated with Vitaxin (300 ng/ml) for 25 min prior to plating; however, the rate of fusion of osteoclast precursors in Vitaxin-treated and control groups was equal. Using time-lapse microscopy, we evaluated the effect of Vitaxin on osteoclast morphology and found a significant reduction in osteoclast planar area only when cells were pretreated with macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). Extracellular Ca(2+) and M-CSF have opposite effects on alphavbeta3 conformation. Elevation of extracellular Ca(2+) eliminated the inhibitory effect of Vitaxin on osteoclast attachment. In contrast, the effect of Vitaxin was enhanced in cells pretreated with M-CSF. This action of M-CSF was suppressed by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor wortmannin, suggesting that M-CSF increases Vitaxin's inhibitory effect by inside-out activation of alphavbeta3. In conclusion, Vitaxin decreases resorption by impairing osteoclast attachment, without affecting osteoclast formation and multinucleation. Our data also show that Vitaxin's inhibitory effects on osteoclasts can be modulated by factors known to alter the conformation of alphavbeta3.
Improving the cycling stability of silicon nanowire anodes with conducting polymer coatings (2012)

For silicon nanowires (Si NWs) to be used as a successful high capacity lithium-ion battery anode material, improvements in cycling stability are required. Here we show that a conductive polymer surface coating on the Si NWs improves cycling stability; coating with PEDOT causes the capacity retention after 100 charge–discharge cycles to increase from 30% to 80% over bare NWs. The improvement in cycling stability is attributed to the conductive coating maintaining the mechanical integrity of the cycled Si material, along with preserving electrical connections between NWs that would otherwise have become electrically isolated during volume changes.
Hyperbolic Structures on 3-manifolds, I: Deformation of acylindrical manifolds (1998)

This is the first in a series of papers showing that Haken manifolds have hyperbolic structures; this first was published, the second two have existed only in preprint form, and later preprints were never completed. This eprint is only an approximation to the published version, which is the definitive form for part I, and is provided for convenience only. All references and quotations should be taken from the published version, since the theorem numbering is different and not all corrections have been incorporated into the present version. Parts II and III will be made available as eprints shortly.
Effect of FCGR2A and FCGR3A variants on CLL outcome (2010)

Polymorphisms of activating Fc-γ receptors (FCGRs) on natural killer cells and macrophages result in variable affinity for immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibodies and subsequently modulate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. Whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms of FCGRs correlate with survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients treated with a monoclonal antibody containing regimen is unclear. We assessed the FCGR3A and FCGR2A genotype of patients enrolled in the REACH trial, where patients received fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) or rituximab plus FC (R-FC). FCGR3A and FCGR2A polymorphisms did not demonstrate prognostic significance in the FC arm (P = .42 and P = .64, respectively) or R-FC arm (P = .41 and P = .88, respectively) with respect to progression free survival. Patients with intermediate affinity genotypes (FV and HR) benefited significantly from addition of rituximab (hazard ratio = 0.55 [0.37-0.8 CI]; P = .0017 and hazard ratio = 0.63 [0.44-0.9 CI]; P = .011, respectively). Similar benefit was suggested for patients with high- affinity VV and HH (hazard ratio = 0.86 [0.4-1.84 CI]; P = .7 and hazard ratio = 0.7 [0.41-1.18 CI]; P = .18, respectively) and low-affinity FF and RR (hazard ratio = 0.85 [0.56-1.29 CI]; P = .44 and hazard ratio = 0.82 [0.47-1.42 CI]; P = .48, respectively). Overall, our results suggest that FCGR2A and FCGR3A polymorphisms do not significantly influence the outcomes of relapsed or refractory CLL patients treated with FC or the monoclonal antibody regimen R-FC.
Oscillometric blood pressure measurements: differences between measured and calculated mean arterial pressure. (2008)

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is often used as an index of overall blood pressure. In recent years, the use of automated oscillometric blood pressure measurement devices is increasing. These devices directly measure and display MAP; however, MAP is often calculated from systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as displayed by the device. In this study we have analysed measured and calculated MAP, obtained by two different oscillometric BP measurement devices in two different patient cohorts. The first cohort included 242 healthy subjects (male 40.5%, 50+/-13 years). BP measurements were performed with a Welch Allyn 5300P device. We found a small but significant difference between measured MAP and calculated MAP (MAP(m-c:) -1.8 mmHg, range -5.7 to 12.9 mmHg, p < 0.001). MAP(m-c) showed a significant, but weak correlation with DBP and SBP. The second cohort included included 134 patients with glomerular diseases (male 63%, 50+/14 years). BP measurements were performed with a Dinamap 487210 device. In this group we also observed a small difference between measured MAP and calculated MAP (+1.7 mmHg, range -15.3 to 28.2 mmHg, p<0.001). MAP (m-c) correlated with age, all blood pressure indices and heart rate. An overall analysis showed that age, SBP, DBP, and type of device are all independently related to MAP (m-c). There is a significant difference between measured and calculated MAP. The difference is small on average; however, this MAP(m-c) can be large in the individual patient. Moreover, there are differences of reported MAP between devices. Our data suggest that calculated and measured MAP cannot be used interchangeably.
Platelets inhibit the lysis of pulmonary microemboli (2002)

Using tracings of (125)I-labeled fibrin(ogen) in rodents, we examined the hypothesis that platelets impede the lysis of pulmonary emboli. (125)I-Microemboli (ME, 3-10 micron diameter) lodged homogeneously throughout the lungs after intravenous injection in both rats and mice (60% of injected dose), caused no lethality, and underwent spontaneous dissolution (50 and 100% within 1 and 5 h, respectively). Although lung homogenates displayed the most intense fibrinolytic activity of all the major organs, dissolution of ME was much slower in isolated perfused lungs (IPL) than was observed in vivo. Addition of rat plasma to the perfusate facilitated ME dissolution in IPL to a greater extent than did addition of tissue-type plasminogen activator alone, suggesting that permeation of the clot by plasminogen is the rate-limited step in lysis. Platelet-containing ME injected in rats lysed much more slowly than did ME formed from fibrin alone. (125)I-Thrombi, formed in the pulmonary vasculature of mice in response to intravascular activation of platelets by injection of collagen and epinephrine, were essentially resistant to spontaneous dissolution. Moreover, injection of the antiplatelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antibody 7E3 F(ab')(2) facilitated spontaneous dissolution of pulmonary ME and augmented fibrinolysis by a marginally effective dose of Retavase (10 microg/kg) in rats. These studies show that platelets suppress pulmonary fibrinolysis. The mechanism(s) by which platelets stabilize ME and utility of platelet inhibitors to facilitate their dissolution deserves further study.
Naturally acquired microchimerism (2009)

Bi-directional transplacental trafficking occurs routinely during the course of normal pregnancy, from fetus to mother and from mother to fetus. In addition to a variety of cell-free substances, it is now well recognized that some cells are also exchanged. Microchimerism refers to a small number of cells (or DNA) harbored by one individual that originated in a genetically different individual. While microchimerism can be the result of iatrogenic interventions such as transplantation or transfusion, by far the most common source is naturally acquired microchimerism from maternal-fetal trafficking during pregnancy. Microchimerism is a subject of much current interest for a number of reasons. During pregnancy, fetal microchimerism can be sought from the mothers blood for the purpose of prenatal diagnosis. Moreover, studies of fetal microchimerism during pregnancy may offer insight into complications of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, as well as insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis which usually ameliorates during pregnancy. Furthermore, it is now known that microchimerism persists decades later, both fetal microchimerism in women who have been pregnant and maternal microchimerism in her progeny. Investigation of the long-term consequences of fetal and maternal microchimerism is another exciting frontier of active study, with initial results pointing both to adverse and beneficial effects. This review will provide an overview of microchimerism during pregnancy and of current knowledge regarding long-term effects of naturally acquired fetal and maternal microchimerism.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of a Highly Effective Inhibitor for Analog-Sensitive (as) Kinases (2011)

Highly selective, cell-permeable and fast-acting inhibitors of individual kinases are sought-after as tools for studying the cellular function of kinases in real time. A combination of small molecule synthesis and protein mutagenesis, identified a highly potent inhibitor (1-Isopropyl-3-(phenylethynyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine) of a rationally engineered Hog1 serine/threonine kinase (Hog1(T100G)). This inhibitor has been successfully used to study various aspects of Hog1 signaling, including a transient cell cycle arrest and gene expression changes mediated by Hog1 in response to stress. This study also underscores that the general applicability of this approach depends, in part, on the selectivity of the designed the inhibitor with respect to activity versus the engineered and wild type kinases. To explore this specificity in detail, we used a validated chemogenetic assay to assess the effect of this inhibitor on all gene products in yeast in parallel. The results from this screen emphasize the need for caution and for case-by-case assessment when using the Analog-Sensitive Kinase Allele technology to assess the physiological roles of kinases.
Exploiting Fine-Grained Data Parallelism with Chip Multiprocessors and Fast Barriers (2006)

We examine the ability of CMPs, due to their lower on-chip communication latencies, to exploit data parallelism at inner-loop granularities similar to that commonly targeted by vector machines. Parallelizing code in this manner leads to a high frequency of barriers, and we explore the impact of different barrier mechanisms upon the efficiency of this approach. To further exploit the potential of CMPs for fine-grained data parallel tasks, we present barrier filters, a mechanism for fast barrier synchronization on-chip multi-processors to enable vector computations to be efficiently distributed across the cores of a CMP. We ensure that all threads arriving at a barrier require an unavailable cache line to proceed, and, by placing additional hardware in the shared portions of the memory subsystem, we starve their requests until they all have arrived. Specifically, our approach uses invalidation requests to both make cache lines unavailable and identify when a thread has reached the barrier. We examine two types of barrier filters, one synchronizing through instruction cache lines, and the other through data cache lines
An IoT Based Predictive Connected Car Maintenance Approach (2016)

Internet of Things (IoT) is fast emerging and becoming an almost basic necessity in general life. The concepts of using technology in our daily life is not new, but with the advancements in technology, the impact of technology in daily activities of a person can be seen in almost all the aspects of life. Today, all aspects of our daily life, be it health of a person, his location, movement, etc. can be monitored and analyzed using information captured from various connected devices. This paper discusses one such use case, which can be implemented by the automobile industry, using technological advancements in the areas of IoT and Analytics. ‘Connected Car’ is a terminology, often associated with cars and other passenger vehicles, which are capable of internet connectivity and sharing of various kinds of data with backend applications. The data being shared can be about the location and speed of the car, status of various parts/lubricants of the car, and if the car needs urgent service or not. Once data are transmitted to the backend services, various workflows can be created to take necessary actions, e.g. scheduling a service with the car service provider, or if large numbers of care are in the same location, then the traffic management system can take necessary action. ’Connected cars’ can also communicate with each other, and can send alerts to each other in certain scenarios like possible crash etc. This paper talks about how the concept of ‘connected cars’ can be used to perform ‘predictive car maintenance’. It also discusses how certain technology components, i.e., Eclipse Mosquito and Eclipse Paho can be used to implement a predictive connected car use case.
Magnetic Steering of Magnetostatic Waves in Epitaxial YIG Films (1970)

High quality epitaxial YIG films grown on gadolinium gallium garnet have certain geometrical advantages over flux-grown material for refined investigation of basic magnetic wave propagation phenomena. Better uniformity of internal field under magnetic bias and convenience for placement of spatially periodic current-carrying couplers on the free YIG surface, ensures enhanced field uniformity by confining the region of propagation. Surface magnetostatic waves are dispersive and exhibit wave vector anisotropy so that, in general, the phase and group velocity vectors are noncollinear, with the beam steering angle variable by the magnetic bias field. Scanning magnetic probe experiments were conducted at 3 GHz on 10-μm thick films wherein beam steering angles were observed up to ∼50° for a wave number approximating 830 cm−1, for a 10° rotation of the bias field from the collinear situation. Use of the theoretical model applicable to thin film media, which neglects exchange effects, led to good agreement with the experimental results within measurement error.
Estimation of Absolute Number Densities from Shapes of Atomic Fluorescence Curves of Growth (1987)

A general-purpose computer program has been developed to calculate atomic fluorescence curves of growth (COG) for a wide variety of cases and particularly for the experimentally interesting cases where the excitation source spectral bandwidth is not much different from the absorption linewidth in typical flames and plasmas. Calculations over a wide range of the variables which affect the shape of the COG in the high-number-density region show that the point of departure from linearity can be used to predict the absolute number density in the atomizer cell. For resonance atomic fluorescence, the point at which the experimental curve of growth is twofold below the low-density linear asymptote invariably occurs at a k 0 L (peak absorption coefficient × absorption pathlength) product of 2 ± 1. Number densities can easily be determined to within an order of magnitude accuracy, even when such variables as source spectral width, collection geometry, and damping parameter are totally unknown. In favorable circumstances, where such variables are well known, accuracies of ±10% may be obtained. The calculated curves of growth are in excellent agreement with several COGs which have been experimentally obtained.
Fyn, a Potential Target for Alzheimer's Disease (2011)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The mechanisms leading to AD are not completely understood; however, recent evidence suggests that alterations in Fyn, a Src family kinase, might contribute to AD pathogenesis. A number of studies have demonstrated that Fyn is involved in synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism for learning and memory. In addition, Fyn plays a role in the regulation of Aβ production and mediates Aβ-induced synaptic deficits and neurotoxicity. Fyn also induces tyrosine phosphorylation of tau. Although many studies have implicated a role for Fyn in AD, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms require further investigation. Novel insights into the role of Fyn in AD may help identify alternative pharmacological approaches for the treatment of AD.
Colorectal cancer and immunity: What we know and perspectives (2014)

Strong evidence supports the concept of immunosurveillance and immunoediting in colorectal cancer. In particular, the density of T CD8⁺ and CD45⁺ lymphocyte infiltration was recently shown to have a better prognostic value than the classic tumor node metastasis classification factor. Other immune subsets, as macrophages, natural killer cells or unconventionnal lymphocytes, seem to play an important role. Induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) or immunosuppressive molecules such as PD-1 or CTLA-4 and downregulation of antigen-presenting molecules are major escape mechanisms to antitumor immune response. The development of these mechanisms is a major obstacle to the establishment of an effective immune response, but also to the use of immunotherapy. Although immunotherapy is not yet routinely used in colorectal cancer, we now know that most treatments used (chemotherapy and biotherapy) have immunomodulatory effects, such as induction of immunogenic cell death by chemotherapy, inhibition of immunosuppression by antiangiogenic agents, and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity induced by cetuximab. Finally, many immunotherapy strategies are being developed and tested in phase I to III clinical trials. The most promising strategies are boosting the immune system with cytokines, inhibition of immunoregulatory checkpoints, vaccination with vectorized antigens, and adoptive cell therapy. Comprehension of antitumor immune response and combination of the different approaches of immunotherapy may allow the use of effective immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer in the near future.
The Research Agenda of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for Antimicrobial Resistance (2008)

Antimicrobial resistance is an intrinsic and inevitable aspect of microbial survival that continually challenges human health. Research on antimicrobial resistance is central to the mission of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). In fiscal year 2007, NIAID invested more than USD800 million to support basic and translational research on antimicrobials, more than USD200 million of which is devoted to understanding the causes, consequences, and treatments of antimicrobial drug resistance. The complex process that facilitates the transformation of ideas into therapies requires a pipeline that runs from bench to bedside, and NIAID has leveraged the entire spectrum of conventional and biodefense resources. NIAID works in partnership with other federal agencies, industry, foundation partners, and foreign governments. The basic and clinical research supported by NIAID will, ideally, continue to yield profound rewards in terms of the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases.
A ZEP520-LOR bilayer resist lift-off process by e-beam lithography for nanometer pattern transfer (2007)

In this work, a bilayer resist system with ZEP520 as the top layer and lift-off resist (LOR) as the bottom layer for lift-off process was investigated for the first time. The formation of undercut was studied as a critical step which makes lift-off process much more feasible in bilayer resist process. Using different dissolution rates of LOR layer, the length of undercut can be well controlled, providing reliable process. The top layer of ZEP520 is more efficient than other resists (PMMA etc.) for e-beam lithography, due to its high resolution and high sensitivity. Here, a set of process parameters have been optimized to fabricate Cr metal lines with a width of less than 70 nm. This bilayer lift-off resist system can be widely used in nano-fabrication for various nano-scale structures and devices.
Metastasizing tumors in rats treated with alkylating carcinogens (1995)

Tumors induced in approximately 2000 F344 rats by a number of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds have been examined for their propensity to metastasize. The objective was to discover relations between the structure of the carcinogen, the tumor induced and the proportion of tumors that formed metastases. Treatments consisted of multiple doses of one of 16 nitrosamines or 19 alkylnitrosoureas, which were administered in drinking water, by gavage or by the intravesicular route. Male and female rats were included. Most of the carcinogens were mutagens in bacteria, but some were not; this had no bearing on the tendency of induced tumors to metastasize, nor did the extent of alkylation of DNA produced in vivo. Fewer malignant tumors appeared in the rats treated with nitrosamines than with alkylnitrosoureas, but more than twice as many of the former metastasized; many were carcinomas or hemangiosarcomas of the liver, of which very few were induced by alkylnitrosoureas. Tumors of the liver, lung, mammary gland and forestomach metastasized most commonly, whereas those of the esophagus, nasal mucosa, Zymbal gland, kidney mesenchyme, thyroid, urinary bladder and mesotheliomas seldom formed metastases; none of the tumors of the brain or intestines metastasized; no differences between males and females were noted. Some rare tumors, osteosarcomas and thymus lymphomas, metastasized frequently. The lungs and lymph nodes were the most common sites for metastases, but less frequently liver, heart, kidney, adrenal gland, omentum, peritoneum, esophagus and pancreas were involved. Higher doses were associated with greater numbers of metastasizing tumors among mutagenic or non-mutagenic carcinogens, as has been reported elsewhere. It appears that directly alkylating alkylnitrosoureas are no more likely (and probably less likely) to induce tumors with metastatic properties than are nitrosamines that require metabolic activation to form reactive proximate carcinogens.