gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Predictive value of the tumor marker combination CA-125 and beta-2-microglobulin in ovarian cancer]. (1992)

Beta-2-Microglobulin (b2m) and or Ca-125 levels were measured in 367 serum samples of 66 ovarian cancer patients. CA-125 was found to be a suitable tool, even in single use, to monitorise the clinical course of the disease with acceptable sensitivity (o. 89) and specificity (o. 94). B2m showed a sensitivity of the same level (o. 87) the specificity of it however proved to be low (o. 48). In consequence of its low specificity the b2m as a single marker is not applicable in ovarian cancer. However, the addition of b2m to CA-125 resulted in higher specificity and sensitivity, as b2m probably has a different spectrum and yielded correct results at that points of the follow-up where CA-125 produced pseudo-positive or pseudo-negative results. The combination of b2m and CA-125 tumormarkers seems to be a suitable tool for follow-up ovarian cancer patients under and after treatment.
Statistical Damage Classification Under Changing Environmental and Operational Conditions (2002)

Stated in its most basic form, the objective of damage diagnosis is to ascertain simply if damage is present or not based on measured dynamic characteristics of a system to be monitored. In reality, structures are subject to changing environmental and operational conditions that affect measured signals, and environmental and operational variations of the system can often mask subtle changes in the system’s vibration signal caused by damage. In this paper, a unique combination of time series analysis, neural networks, and statistical inference techniques is developed for damage classification explicitly taking into account these ambient variations of the system. First, a time prediction model called an autoregressive and autoregressive with exogenous inputs (AR-ARX) model is developed to extract damage-sensitive features. Then, an autoassociative neural network is employed for data normalization, which separates the effect of damage on the extracted features from those caused by the environmental and vibration variations of the system. Finally, a hypothesis testing technique called a sequential probability ratio test is performed on the normalized features to automatically infer the damage state of the system. The usefulness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using a numerical example of a computer hard disk and an experimental study of an eight degree-of-freedom spring-mass system.
Visualizing Trimming Dependence of Biodistribution and Kinetics with Homo- and Heterogeneous N-Glycoclusters on Fluorescent Albumin (2016)

A series of N-glycans, each sequentially trimmed from biantennary sialoglycans, were homo- or heterogeneously clustered efficiently on fluorescent albumin using a method that combined strain-promoted alkyne-azide cyclization and 6π-azaelectrocyclization. Noninvasive in vivo kinetics and dissection analysis revealed, for the first time, a glycan-dependent shift from urinary to gall bladder excretion mediated by sequential trimming of non-reducing end sialic acids. N-glycoalbumins that were trimmed further, in particular, GlcNAc- and hybrid biantennary-terminated congeners, were selectively taken up by sinusoidal endothelial and stellate cells in the liver, which are critical for diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrillation. Our glycocluster strategy can not only reveal the previously unexplored extracellular functions of N-glycan trimming, but will be classified as the newly emerging glycoprobes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
CHARACTERIZATION OF FLUIDIZED BED REACTORS WITH GAS TRACER MEASUREMENTS (1981)

In a steady state bench scale fluidized bed the decomposition reaction of NaHCO3 was carried out. The residence times distributions, DRT, of carbon dioxide (the gaseous product) and non adsorbing argon (the reference tracer) were mass spectroscopically measured as a function of the bed temperature. By means of single-, two- and three-phase dispersion models as well as by a cell model, the DRT's were evaluated on line by a computer. The steady state transverse and longitudinal concentration profiles of these tracers upstream from the plane source were also measured and evaluated by a dispersion model as well as by a counter current back mixing model. Comparison of the steady state and nonsteady state dispersion coefficient measurements indicate that the longitudinal gas mixing is only partially due to backmixing. The experimentally determined wake fractions agree well with those published in the literature. Since the adsorption rate of CO2 on the pore surface area of the particles in the dense phase is high no interphase transfer from the interstitial gas of the dense phase into the bubble phase takes place. The desorption of CO2 and its return into the interstitial gas and than into the gas phase occurs only slowly and with an initial time lag. The on-line DRT can be used as a diagnostical technique for investigation of the reactor during its operation, if operation disturbances or breakdowns occur.
Transfer RNA in the hybrid P/E state: Correlating molecular dynamics simulations with cryo-EM data (2007)

Transfer RNA (tRNA) transiently occupies the hybrid P/E state (P/E-tRNA) when mRNA-tRNA are translocated in the ribosome. In this study, we characterize the structure of P/E-tRNA and its interactions with the ribosome by correlating the results from molecular dynamics simulations on free tRNA with the cryo-EM map of P/E-tRNA. In our approach, we show that the cryo-EM map may be interpreted as a conformational average. Along the molecular dynamics trajectories (44 ns, 18 ns, and 18 ns), some of the snapshots prove to be quite close to the observed density. In a representative structure, the CCA (3') arm is uniquely twisted, and the anticodon stem loop is kinked at the junctions to both the anticodon loop and the D stem. In addition, the map shows that the P/E-tRNA is no longer bound to helix H69 of 23S rRNA and is flexible, and the conformations of helices H68 and h44 of 16S rRNA differ from those in the x-ray structure. Thus, our study presents structural and dynamic information on the P/E-tRNA and characterizes its interactions with the translocating ribosome.
Multi-constraint dynamic access selection in always best connected networks (2005)

In future generation networks, various access technologies, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPRS and UMTS, etc., are simultaneously available to mobile devices. They vary in characteristics (communication range, power consumption, security, etc.) and QoS parameters (bandwidth, delay, etc.) The notion of always best connected (ABC) enables people to run applications over the most efficient combination of access technologies with continuous connectivity. Access selection is the key functional block in ABC solutions, as it chooses the most suitable access networks for application traffic flows. However, it is important that access selection decisions be dynamically made, minimizing the power consumption on mobile devices while satisfying QoS requirements and user/application preferences. In this paper, we model the problem of multi-constraint dynamic access selection (MCDAS) as a variant of bin packing problem. A series of approximation algorithms derived from the first fit decreasing (FFD) algorithm are proposed for finding near-optimal solutions. Simulation studies show that the algorithms we propose gradually improve performance towards quasi-optimal solutions in terms of power consumption and preference satisfaction.
Operational Work Pattern Discovery Based on Human Behavior Analysis (2014)

This paper presents a human behavior analysis model combining process discovery and decision tree analysis. The proposed analysis model uses the event log traces generated by enterprise sales applications, which are mainly used by salespeople. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach using scenario-based simulation and find that our proposed approach is robust against randomly generated activities. We also present that important work behavior patterns can be discovered using the process discovery technology by checking higher frequency transitions.
SilkRoad: a multithreaded runtime system with software distributed shared memory for SMP clusters (2002)

Constructing multithreaded parallel systems with software distributed shared memory (DSM) is an attractive trend in cluster computing. Distributed Cilk (Cilk 5.1) is a multithreaded runtime system for SMP clusters with support for the divide-and-conquer programming paradigm. However, it lacks support for user-level shared memory. We describe SilkRoad, an extension of Distributed Cilk which implements the lazy release consistency (LRC) memory model. In the SilkRoad runtime system, system control information is kept consistent by means of a backing store, just as it is in the original Distributed Cilk, while the user's cluster wide shared data is kept consistent by LRC. LRC enables SilkRoad programmers to define and use shared variables between the threads running on different nodes in a cluster This greatly enlarges the scope of supported programming paradigms in Cilk. Besides testing its performance, we also compared SilkRoad with TreadMarks, an LRC software DSM system for clusters with no support of multithreading. The results show that with the hybrid memory model of dag-consistency and LRC, multithreaded SilkRoad programs written in a divide-and-conquer fashion with good data locality can achieve comparable performance with the corresponding multiple-process TreadMarks programs.
Recent Developments in the Synthesis, Chemistry and Applications of the Fully Unsaturated 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles (2001)

Recent major developments in the synthesis (including solid phase methodologies), chemistry and applications of the fully unsaturated 1,2,4-oxadiazole nucleus are reviewed. The review covers the years 1995–2000.
Reduced IL-12 production by monocytes upon ultraviolet-B irradiation selectively limits activation of T helper-1 cells (1996)

The capacity of APC to stimulate the proliferation of human peripheral blood T cells decreases upon ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether all T cell subsets are equally sensitive to this reduced APC function. Established human Th1, Th2, and Th0 clones were stimulated with monocytes in a soluble CD3 mAb-mediated assay that is dependent on the presence of APC. Monocytes were exposed to low nonlethal doses of UVB radiation before coculture with T cells. UVB irradiation inhibited the capacity of monocytes to stimulate the proliferation and IFN-gamma production of Th1 cells in a dose-related fashion. In contrast, UVB-treated monocytes induced normal proliferation and IL-4 production in Th2 cells. Stimulation of Th0 cell proliferation by UVB-irradiated monocytes was normal, but a preferential suppression of IFN-gamma production was observed, thus leading to a more Th2-like cytokine response. The loss of Th1 proliferation upon stimulation with UVB-irradiated monocytes could be overcome by rIL-2; however, IFN-gamma production remained suppressed. IFN-gamma production could be completely restored by rIL-12, whereas the addition of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, or indomethacin had no such effect, nor did the addition of mAb to CD28, added to compensate for the reduced B7 expression of UVB-irradiated monocytes. Monocytes exposed to UVB radiation exhibited reduced expression of mRNA for the IL-1 2 subunits p35 and p40 and suppressed production of the IL-12 p70 protein. Our results thus indicate that UVB irradiation of APC selectively impairs Th1-like responses, a phenomenon caused by the UVB-induced suppression of monocyte IL-12 production.
The Development of Activity of Cell Wall Bound β-Fructofuranosidase with Ripening and Senescence of Tomato Fruit (1975)

Journal Article The Development of Activity of Cell Wall Bound β-Fructofuranosidase with Ripening and Senescence of Tomato Fruit Get access Tomoyoshi Iwatsubo, Tomoyoshi Iwatsubo Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba Present address: Calpis Food Industry Laboratory, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroki Nakagawa, Hiroki Nakagawa Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nagao Ogura, Nagao Ogura Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hidetaro Takehana Hidetaro Takehana Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 39, Issue 4, 1 April 1975, Pages 907–908, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1975.10861708 Published: 01 April 1975 Article history Received: 25 September 1974 Published: 01 April 1975
Alleles of the proximal promoter of BAT1, a putative anti‐inflammatory gene adjacent to the TNF cluster, reduce transcription on a disease‐associated MHC haplotype (2003)

In view of the anti-inflammatory role of BAT1, reduced production on a disease-associated haplotype constitutes a novel and self-consistent model for the effect of central MHC genes on disease.
Properties of Canadian Bitumen and Bitumen-Derived Crudes, and Their Impacts on Refinery Processing (2019)

The production of bitumen and heavy oil from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, including the Cold Lake, Athabasca, and Peace River regions, has increased in the last 10 years and currently reaches to approximately 2.7 million bbl/d. Although a large portion of the produced bitumen is processed in Alberta, a significant amount is transported by pipeline and rail to different refineries in Canada and the United States. Due to their high viscosity and density, bitumen and heavy oils must be blended with diluents (dilbit) or synthetic oil (synbit) to meet pipeline specifications for density (940 kg/m3) and viscosity (350 cSt at 11 °C). Other processing options such as partial upgrading are being considered to reduce or eliminate the diluent requirement for bitumen transportation to the market. Canadian heavy crudes are also categorized as “opportunity crudes” partly because of a relatively high total acid number (TAN) content, although there are no public data available on the refinery corrosivity of these crudes. Although the large discount of Canadian heavy crudes such as Western Canadian Select compared to West Texas Intermediate may be due to lack of pipeline capacity, part of the price reduction is imposed because of the quality and perceived refinery processing issues that may occur as a result of processing Canadian heavy crudes. In this chapter, I review the properties of Canadian heavy oils and bitumen revealing how these oils, in fact, have superior quality compared to light and tight oils and create less operational problems in refinery processes. Data will be presented showing that the conversion chemistry leading to lighter products is facilitated because of the presence of hydrogen donors as well as hydrogen transfer molecules in Canadian bitumen. Canadian bitumen has one of the highest stabilities among the heavy oils in the world. In refinery processing, Canadian dilbits have shown to have the lowest fouling tendencies and as such can be blended with light or tight oils to reduce fouling from these crudes in refinery operations. Finally, I will demonstrate that at a high temperature (300 °C), heavy gas oil (HVGO) derived from Canadian bitumen, despite relatively high TAN, has lower activity toward Fe powder compared to HVGO derived from a known corrosive crude with a lower TAN.
NL-OOPS: A Requirements Analysis Tool Based On Natural Language Processing (2002)

The main goal of the NL-OOPS (acronym for Natural Language – Object-Oriented Production System) project is to develop a tool supporting object-oriented analysis using natural language (NL) processing. Requirements documents are analysed with LOLITA, a large-scale NL processing system, developed at Durham University and 3F Ltd. Both, the knowledge in the documents and that already stored in the knowledge base of LOLITA can then be used to produce requirements models at different levels of detail. Object oriented modelling is based on a two-phase algorithm for the identification of classes and associations. Moreover, the latest version of NL-OOPS supports traceability between the original input texts, their representation in LOLITA and the final models. To illustrate the main features and the performance of the tools we refer to the Automated Teller Machine study case described by the authors of the Object Modeling Technique. 1. Introduction The NL-OOPS project started in 1994 as a collaboration between the University of Trento (I) and the University of Durham (UK).
Fully integrated analog telephone (1989)

The maximum integrated phone (MIP) combines the signaling and speech functions for analog subset applications in a single integrated circuit using a 2.4- mu m CMOS technology. The device can handle both dual-tone multiple-frequency and decadic dialing. A ten-number repertory and a last-number redial function are included. A loudspeaker amplifier allows call progress monitoring during on-hook dialing. Background-noise-reduction circuitry is included in the transmit path to achieve a noise performance of -72 dBV/sub p/ with 50-dB gain. Power is extracted from the line terminals by a synthesized high-impedance current source. The chip is 17-mm/sup 2/ and is presented in a 40-pin dual in-line package.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Synthesis and Biology of Fluorinated Prostacyclins (1984)

Fluorination has been used extensively in the steroid field to alter and/or enhance activity and to increase chemical or biological stability taking advantage of the similarity in size between hydrogen and fluorine and its strong electronegativity. Thus, it is not surprising to find that the same principle has been applied to prostaglandins, more specifically prostacyclin. The specific activity and high instability of Prostacyclin make it an ideal candidate for similar fluorination techniques. The design and preparation of fluorinated analogs with the aim of improving the chemical and metabolic stability of this important molecule will be discussed.
Transport of purine nucleotides and nucleosides by in vitro rabbit ileum. (1977)

The kinetics of [14C]ATP and [14C]adenosine entry into rabbit ileum were measured using 1-min mucosal exposures. ATP influx was the sum of a linear (P = 1.02 X 10(-3) cm/min) and nonlinear component (Jm = 4.07 nmol/min cm2, Km = 0.31 mM). Adenosine yielded quantitatively similar results. The kinetics of [gamma-32P]ATP entry were only linear (P = 0.55 X 10(-3) cm/min). These data indicate that at least 85% of the terminal phosphate of ATP is hydrolyzed during transport. Inhibitory measurements indicate that ring-labeled ATP and adenosine compete for a common entry path; however, adenosine does not inhibit the saturable component of [14C]ATP to the degree expected of a simple carrier-mediated system. Adenosine (5 mM) produced no inhibition of [gamma-32P]ATP (0.1-1.0 mM) entry. Measurement of hydrolysis during incubation indicates a negligible fraction of uptake results from labeled adenosine released into the bulk solution. Hydrolysis of ATP followed by a preferred uptake of the adenosine released at the membrane surface probably accounts for most of the observed transport. [14C]ATP entry depended neither on [Na+], [Mg2+], nor [Ca2+] of the bulk solution. Structural requirements for the saturable pathway were also investigated. Autoradiography of [3H]ATP confirmed that the labeled material entered the epithelial cells and that uptake was nonuniform among cells.
Cancer stem cells, a fuzzy evolving concept: A cell population or a cell property? (2013)

The cancer stem cells (CSC) hypothesis represents a pathological extrapolation of the physiological concept of embryonic and somatic stem cells. In its initial definition, it encompassed the hypothesis of a qualitatively distinct population of immortal cancer cells originating from somatic stem cells, which generate in xenotransplants by a deterministic irreversible process, the hierarchy of more differentiated finite lifespan derived cells, which constitute, themselves, the bulk of the cancer. These CSC would express specific biomarkers and gene expressions related to chemo- and radioresistance, stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, etc. No convincing congruence of several of these properties in one cell population has been demonstrated. The concept has greatly evolved with time and with different authors ("the plasticity of cancer stem cells"), leading to a minimal definition of cells generating a hierarchy of derived cells. In this article these concepts are analyzed. It is proposed that stemness is a property, more or less reversible, a hallmark of some cells at some time in a cancer cell population, as immortality, dormancy, chemo- or radioresistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition etc. These phenotypic properties represent the result of independent, linked, or more or less congruent, genetic, epigenetic, or signaling programs.
Guided Migration of Neural Stem Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells by an Electric Field (2011)

Small direct current (DC) electric fields (EFs) guide neurite growth and migration of rodent neural stem cells (NSCs). However, this could be species dependent. Therefore, it is critical to investigate how human NSCs (hNSCs) respond to EF before any possible clinical attempt. Aiming to characterize the EF-stimulated and guided migration of hNSCs, we derived hNSCs from a well-established human embryonic stem cell line H9. Small applied DC EFs, as low as 16 mV/mm, induced significant directional migration toward the cathode. Reversal of the field polarity reversed migration of hNSCs. The galvanotactic/electrotactic response was both time and voltage dependent. The migration directedness and distance to the cathode increased with the increase of field strength. (Rho-kinase) inhibitor Y27632 is used to enhance viability of stem cells and has previously been reported to inhibit EF-guided directional migration in induced pluripotent stem cells and neurons. However, its presence did not significantly affect the directionality of hNSC migration in an EF. Cytokine receptor [C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)] is important for chemotaxis of NSCs in the brain. The blockage of CXCR4 did not affect the electrotaxis of hNSCs. We conclude that hNSCs respond to a small EF by directional migration. Applied EFs could potentially be further exploited to guide hNSCs to injured sites in the central nervous system to improve the outcome of various diseases.
Herpes Simplex Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System: Therapeutic and Diagnostic Considerations (1995)

Herpes simplex virus infections of the central nervous system remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, in spite of safe and efficacious antiviral therapy. Advances in the treatment of neonatal herpes and herpes simplex encephalitis with acyclovir have improved outcome. The application of polymerase chain reaction has allowed for the prompt and specific diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infections of the brain. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of the brain. Opportunities for the future will be defined.