gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Common-Mode EMI Examination of Three-phase Voltage-Source and Current-Source Converters Systems using WBG Devices (2020)

Three-phase voltage-source converters (VSCs) and current-source converters (CSCs) have multiple dualities. This paper specifically focuses on examining the conducted common-mode (CM) EMI of VSCs and CSCs when wide bandgap (WBG) devices are used. First, the CM EMI signature of the two converters with both rectifier and inverter stages are examined. The benefits of CSC over VSC in terms of lower CM EMI are identified. The impact of adding CM chokes at different locations and the use of an LCL filter for the VSC are examined. In addition, the CM EMI associated with having only the rectifier stage or the inverter stage for each of the two types of converters are examined. Finally, a promising CM EMI suppression scheme is examined for the CSC consisting of both the rectifier and the inverter stages that requires few EMI filtering components .
Feature-to-code traceability in a collection of software variants: Combining formal concept analysis and information retrieval (2013)

Today, developing new software variant to meet new demands of customers by ad-hoc copying of already existing variants of a software system is a frequent phenomenon in the software industry. Typically, maintaining such variants becomes difficult and expensive over the time. To re-engineer such software variants into a software product line (SPL) for systematic reuse, it is important to identify source code elements that implement a specific feature in order to understand product variants code. Information Retrieval(IR) methods have been used widely to support this purpose in a single software. This paper proposes a new approach to improve the performance of IR methods in a collection of similar software variants. Our proposal produces following two improvements. First, increasing the accuracy of IR results by exploiting commonality and variability across software variants. Secondly, increasing the number of retrieved links that are relevant by reducing the abstraction gap between feature and source code levels. We have validated our approach with a set of variants of two different systems. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach outperforms the conventional application of IR as well as the most relevant work on the subject.
Iκ-B Kinase-2 Inhibitor Blocks Inflammation in Human Airway Smooth Muscle and a Rat Model of Asthma (2005)

This study demonstrates that inhibiting IKK-2 results in a general reduction of the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. Compounds of this class could have therapeutic utility in the treatment of asthma and may, in certain respects, possess a beneficial efficacy profile compared with that of a steroid.
Capacity for four classes of discrete memoryless networks (2003)

Capacity expressions are given for four classes of discrete memoryless networks (DMNs). One of the capacity results is a consequence of a new outer bound for common output DMNs. Another result shows that the common practice of using time-sharing random variables does not include all time-sharing possibilities, namely time-sharing of channels.
Cell-Penetrating Peptide TP10 Shows Broad-Spectrum Activity against both <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and <i>Trypanosoma brucei brucei</i> (2008)

Malaria and trypanosomiasis are diseases which afflict millions and for which novel therapies are urgently required. We have tested two well-characterized cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) for antiparasitic activity. One CPP, designated TP10, has broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum, both blood and mosquito stages, and against blood-stage Trypanosoma brucei brucei.
Polypyrrole-coated capillary in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of ?-blockers in urine and serum samples (2000)

Polypyrrole was coated on fused silica capillary's inner surface (GC precolumn) by chemical polymerization. At first, this coated capillary was used successfully for automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and β-blockers' determination in urine and serum samples when coupled with liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS). In-tube SPME is an extraction technique for analytes in aqueous samples, in which analytes are extracted from the sample directly to stationary phase (polymer coating) inside an open tubular capillary by repeated sample solution's draw–eject cycles. Compared with previous study using Omegawax 250 capillary for β-blockers' extraction [Kataoka, H.; Narimatsu, S.; Lord, H. L.; Pawliszyn, J. Anal Chem 1999, 71, 4237–4244], polypyrrole-coated capillary showed better extraction ability for most of compounds studied and therefore lower detection limits were achieved. The optimum extraction conditions are similar to those used for Omegawax 250 capillary. Other operating conditions are similar to our previous study [Kataoka, H.; Narimatsu, S.; Lord, H. L.; Pawliszyn, J. Anal Chem 1999, 71, 4237–4244]. β-blockers extracted by the capillary are desorbed easily by mobile phase flow without significant carryover. Using in-tube SPME–LC–ESI-MS with selected ion monitoring, β-blockers' calibration curves are linear from 1 to 100 ng/mL with correlation coefficients above 0.9954 (n=24), and detection limites (S/N=3) less than 0.1 ng/mL for most compounds. This method was successfully applied to β-blockers' analysis in biological samples. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 255–266, 2000
Racial Difference in the Activity of the Amiloride-Sensitive Epithelial Sodium Channel (2002)

Compared with whites, blacks appear to retain additional sodium that suppresses secretion of renin and aldosterone. The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is an aldosterone-regulated site for sodium reabsorption. ENaC activity could be higher in blacks, contributing to sodium retention or, alternatively, lower because of reduced stimulation by aldosterone. To examine the level of ENaC activity in blacks relative to whites, blood pressure (BP) responses to amiloride (5 mg/d), an inhibitor of ENaC, were measured in 20 black and 25 white normotensive young people. After 1 week, systolic BP decreased by 3.0+/-9.2 (SD) and diastolic by 2.8+/-8.3 mm Hg in the whites, whereas systolic BP increased by 2.5+/-7.1 and diastolic by 3.8+/-8.0 mm Hg in the blacks; the racial difference in the BP response was significant for both systolic (P=0.034) and diastolic BP (P=0.010). As ENaC activity increases, renal secretion of potassium increases proportionately, and in a larger sample of subjects, the urinary potassium excretion rate was lower in the blacks (n=301) than in the whites (n=461): 3.2+/-0.1 versus 3.8+/-0.1 mmol/mmol creatinine (P=0.0001). The concentration of serum potassium was higher in the blacks (n=81) than in the whites (n=167): 4.36+/-0.05 versus 4.21+/-0.03 (P=0.012). In summary, a favorable BP response to amiloride in the whites as well as the evidence for greater retention of potassium in the blacks is consistent with blacks having less ENaC activity than whites. We suggest that increased sodium retention in blacks occurring at other nephron sites suppresses aldosterone secretion and in turn ENaC function.
Cryosurgery in the treatment of cancer. (1992)

The range of application of cryosurgical techniques to the treatment of cancer is widely diversified and slowly increasing in scope. From these, one may reach the general conclusion that cryosurgical techniques are a standard method of treatment, competitive with other methods of therapy, in cancer located in some sites. For cancers located in other sites, cryosurgery is only useful as an end resort in selected patients. In some areas, especially in the viscera, cryosurgical techniques are only in developmental stages. Cryosurgery is most useful in easily accessible areas of the body. The results of the treatment of most carcinomas of the skin with cryosurgical techniques are as good as any other method of therapy. In carcinoma involving skin, cryosurgery has a special advantage in those situations when malignant tissue overlies bone. Cryosurgery is also useful in the management of dysplastic disease or carcinoma in situ, principally in the oral cavity and the uterine cervix. These applications are sufficiently valuable to be included in the textbooks concerned with those areas. Invasive cancer in other accessible sites, such as the oral cavity or the rectum, can be cured by cryosurgery, but the reports in the medical literature have not led to general use of the technique or descriptions of the technique in textbooks, except for occasional brief mention. Nevertheless, patients who are at high risk for surgical treatment because of coagulopathy or severe cardiopulmonary disease are appropriate candidates for the use of cryosurgical techniques. In the oral cavity, the possibility of preserving the bony structure is an attractive feature that maintains interest in cryosurgery. Unfortunately, there are no control studies to assist in the judgment of merit and in many cited reports, it is not easy to determine the survival rate or compare results with conventional therapy. In these sites, freezing techniques are more often used to achieve palliation of distressing symptoms by tumor bulk reduction, especially when little else can be done, and under these conditions, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are also commonly used. In less accessible sites, which generally require endoscopic or surgical exposure, cryosurgery is not often used. The treatment of carcinoma of the prostate gland by cryosurgery remains viable because of continued interest in the potentiation of immunologic defenses against carcinoma. This possible benefit is most evident in experimental tumors, but clinical evidence of benefit is not as clear.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Left ventricular insulin-like growth factor I increases in early renal hypertension. (1992)

Increasing interest has been directed toward the possible role of trophically acting molecules as modulators or initiators, or both, of myocardial hypertrophy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of one such molecule, namely, insulin-like growth factor I, in myocardial hypertrophy developed in response to renal artery stenosis. Two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertension was induced in Wistar rats weighing 180 g, and sham-operated animals were used as controls. Blood pressure was increased as early as 2 days after clipping (133 +/- 4 versus 116 +/- 4 mm Hg, p less than 0.05), and the increase persisted 4 and 7 days after clipping (148 +/- 6 versus 129 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.01 and 171 +/- 5 versus 139 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.01, respectively). Left ventricular weight followed a similar pattern (373 +/- 7 versus 350 +/- 8 mg, NS, 415 +/- 11 versus 386 +/- 9 mg, p less than 0.01, and 466 +/- 11 versus 391 +/- 10 mg, p less than 0.01 at 2, 4, and 7 days after clipping, respectively), but no changes in body weight between the groups were observed. Insulin-like growth factor I messenger RNA (mRNA) was quantified using a solution hybridization assay. After 4 days of renal hypertension, there was a significant increase in left ventricular insulin-like growth factor I mRNA (2.0 x 10(-18) +/- 0.48 x 10(-18) versus 0.4 x 10(-18) +/- 0.07 x 10(-18) mol.microgram DNA-1), which was no longer detectable 7 days after clipping.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Petri net supervisors for DES with uncontrollable and unobservable transitions (2000)

A supervisor synthesis technique for Petri net plants with uncontrollable and unobservable transitions, that enforces the conjunction of a set of linear inequalities on the reachable markings of the plant, is presented. The approach is based on the concept of Petri net place invariants. Each step of the procedure is illustrated through a running example involving the supervision of a robotic assembly cell. The controller is described by an auxiliary Petri net connected to the plant's transitions, providing a unified Petri net model of the closed-loop system. The synthesis technique is based on the concept of admissible constraints. Procedures are given for identifying all admissible linear constraints for a plant with uncontrollable and unobservable transitions, as well as methods for transforming inadmissible constraints into admissible ones. A technique is described for creating a modified Petri net controller that enforces the union of all of these control laws. The method is practical and computationally inexpensive in terms of size, design time, and implementation complexity.
Analysis of <i>NTRK</i> Alterations in Pan-Cancer Adult and Pediatric Malignancies: Implications for NTRK-Targeted Therapeutics (2018)

Whereas <i>NTRK</i> fusions are exceedingly rare, other <i>NTRK</i> abnormalities affect 14% of patients with cancer. Affecting these alterations has not yet been achievable in cancer. Genomic co-alterations occur frequently with <i>NTRK</i> fusions, but it is not known if co-targeting them can attenuate primary or secondary resistance to NTRK inhibitors.
Differentiation of E14 Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Thyrocytes <i>In Vitro</i> (2009)

These data show that E14 mouse ES cells can be differentiated into thyrocytes by culturing with thyroid-stimulating hormone, insulin, and potassium iodide. The development of reliable methods to produce thyroid cells from ES cells is important to future research in thyroid biology and medical applications.
Design of a modular E-Core flux concentrating axial flux machine (2015)

In this paper a novel E-Core axial flux machine is proposed. The machine has a double stator-single rotor configuration with flux concentrating ferrite magnets, and pole windings across each leg of an E-Core stator. E-Core stators with the proposed flux-concentrating rotor arrangement result in better magnet utilization and higher torque density. The machine also has a modular structure facilitating simpler construction. This paper presents a single phase and a three-phase version of the E-Core machine. Case study for a 1.1 kW, 400 rpm machine for both the single phase and three-phase axial flux machine is presented. The results are verified through 3D finite element analysis.
Phosphorylation of 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol and preparation of 2-acylphosphoglycerides (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorylation of 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol and preparation of 2-acylphosphoglyceridesHansjorg Eibl and William E. M. LandsCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 2, 423–428Publication Date (Print):January 20, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00804a033https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00804a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Screening and early diagnosis (1992)

Although colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death in the US, the majority of diagnoses are made at an advanced stage, and screening detects 70% at an early stage, controversy has existed because of a lack of experimental controlled trial evidence showing a decrease in mortality. Indirect and now direct evidence supports the current screening guidelines of the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute as reasonable and should be continued.
Prediction of NOx Reduction Rate Due to Port Water Injection in a DI Diesel Engine (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The effect of port water injection on NOx formation was examined theoretically as well as experimentally. In the experiment, water was injected into each suction port of a four cylinder turbocharged DI diesel engine using gasoline injectors. The exhaust NOx was reduced significantly by port water injection, and about 50 % reduction in NOx concentration was attained under various engine operation conditions by injecting the amount of water of 0.03 kg per unit kg of dry air. Comparing the experimental results and the analytical ones based on the two-zone model developed by the authors, it is shown that the NOx reduction rate due to port water injection is dependent on the equivalent absolute humidity of the injected water and is independent on engine load, fuel injection timing and water injection timing. In other word, it becomes clear that the reduction rate of NOx in the case of port water injection is almost independent on the heat release pattern, and the NOx formation is suppressed by a decrease in temperature of the burned gas, which results from an increase in specific heat of the in-cylinder gas due to humidification.</div>
384-Channel parallel microfluidic cytometer for rare-cell screening (2008)

We have constructed a 384-channel parallel microfluidic cytometer (PMC). The multichannel architecture allows 384 unique samples for a cell-based screen to be read out in approximately 6-10 min, about 30-times the speed of a conventional fluorescence-activated cytometer system (FACS). This architecture also allows the signal integration time to be varied over a larger range than is practical in single-channel FACS and is suitable for detection of rare-cells in a high background of negatives. The signal-to-noise advantages have been confirmed by using the system to count rare clonal osteocytes in the most difficult early stages of an expression-cloning screen for the carboxy-terminal parathyroid hormone receptor (CPTHR). This problem requires finding several dozen positive cells in a background of one million negatives. The system is automated around a scanning laser confocal detector and a 96-tip robotic pipettor and can maintain in vitro cultures on-system in 384-well plates. It is therefore directly practical for biology applications using existing high-throughput culture facilities. The PMC system lends itself to high-sample-number cytometry with an unusual capability for time synchronization and rare-cell sensitivity. A limited ability to handle large sample numbers has restricted applications of single-channel FACS in combinatorial cell assays; therefore the PMC could have a significant application in high-throughput screening.
A Triaxial Orthogonal Fluxgate Magnetometer Made of a Single Magnetic Wire With Three U-Shaped Branches (2007)

A triaxial orthogonal magnetometer head is presented in this paper. The head is constructed using a single piece of an amorphous wire. The wire is bent into three mutually orthogonal U-shaped branches on each of which a pickup coil is wound. The performance of the proposed head is evaluated in comparison to that of a triaxially assembled sensor head by using three separate uniaxial fluxgate heads. The input-output characteristics of each channel and the cross-talk effect are investigated. A simple calibration method is shown to decrease the cross-talk effect and to improve the orthogonality of the single wire head. Noise level is evaluated for both heads
A novel approach for incorporating silica filler into no-flow underfill (2002)

No-flow underfill technology has been proven to have potential advantages over the conventional underfill technology. However, due to the filler entrapment between solder bump and contact pad on board, no-flow underfills are mostly unfilled or filled with very low filler loading. The high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the polymer material has significantly lowered the reliability of flip chip assembly using no-flow underfill, and has limited its application to large chip assemblies. This paper presents a novel approach to incorporate silica filler into no-flow underfill. Two layers of underfills are applied on to the substrate before chip placement. The bottom underfill layer facing the substrate is fluxed and unfilled; the upper layer facing the chip is filled with 65 wt% silica fillers. The total filler loading of the mixture is estimated to be around 55 wt% using Thermo-Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA). The material properties of each layer of underfills and the underfill mixtures are characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DCS), Thermo-Mechanical Analyzer (TMA), Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA), and stress rheometer. FB250 daisy-chained test chips are assembled on FR-4 boards using the novel approach. A 100% yield of solder interconnect is achieved with filled no-flow underfill for the first time. Wetting of the eutectic SnPb solder to contact pad on the board is confirmed by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopic observation. An US patent is filed for this invention. The failure in normal no-flow underfill. Assembly with silica filler is investigated. Other variations of this process are discussed.
Post-Translational Modification of Galectin-3 and Its Role in Biological Function (2012)

The chimeric lectin galectin-3 is subject to structural modifications, primarily in its non-lectin domains, by phosphorylation and proteolysis. These modifications in galectin-3 structure have the potential to alter important biologic functions of intracellular and extracellular galectin-3. We have studied the effect of galectin-3 on the susceptibility of breast and colon cancer cells to death receptor-mediated apoptosis induced by TRAIL. Phosphorylation of intracellular galectin-3 can shift ligand binding from a lectin-carbohydrate to a protein-protein mode, with diverse cellular effects. Phospho-galectin-3 leads to TRAIL sensitivity by human breast cancer cells through induction of PTEN expression. In contrast, extracellular galectin-3 can lead TRAIL resistance in colon cancer cells by inhibiting the TRAIL-dependent clustering and endocytosis of death receptors. The gene for galectin-3, LGALS3 is polymorphic in human populations, and a P64H mutation has been linked to cancer incidence, TRAIL sensitivity, and the susceptibility of the galectin-3 protein to proteolytic cleavage. It is postulated that the truncated protein, which lacks the ability to dimerize, could compete with extracellular full-length galectin-3 act as a dominant-negative inhibitor.
Design and fabrication of a MEMS-array pressure sensor system for passive underwater navigation inspired by the lateral line (2012)

Thesis (Elec. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.
Histogram analysis versus region of interest analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging data in the grading of cerebral gliomas. (2007)

rCBVT histogram analysis is as effective as rCBVmax analysis in the correlation with glioma grade. Inexperienced operators may obtain perfusion metrics using histogram analyses that are comparable with those obtained by experienced operators using ROI analysis.