gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Triple-Branch Neural Network for Knowledge Graph Embedding (2018)

The distributed representation of knowledge graphs (KGs), which embeds the structured graphs into low-dimensional embedding spaces, is widely used to facilitate various applications of AI, such as information retrieval and question answering. The primary elements of KGs, the entities viewed as nodes and the relations regarded as links between entities, naturally make up the local embedding context for each other, which is called the multi-restriction property of KGs. However, this property is not fully explored by previous models, where either only part of the multi-restriction is captured, or the capability of the embedding model is limited to a fixed function without clear interpretation. To address this issue, we propose TBNN, a triple-branch neural network to learn the embeddings of KGs. In particular, the embedding of any element of a KG is determined by its multi-restriction via an interaction layer followed by parallel branched layers. Thus, the entities and relations can be treated equivalently in spite of their seeming differences in the original KG. We define the loss function of TBNN based on the confidence score of the three elements of each triple. In addition, we propose using the log-sum-exp pairwise loss to smooth the hinge loss, which results in better performance. Empirically, we evaluate our model on the tasks of link prediction and triple classification with the subsets of WordNet and Freebase. Experiment results show that our model performs better than the baselines, especially providing stable performance for relations with different mapping properties.
Ruthenium(IV)-Catalyzed Markovnikov Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Terminal Alkynes in Aqueous Medium (2011)

The dimeric bis(allyl)ruthenium(IV) complex [{RuCl(μ-Cl)(η3:η3-C10H16)}2] (C10H16 = 2,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1,8-diyl) (5) and several mononuclear species trans-[RuCl2(η3:η3-C10H16)(L)] (L = two-electron-donor ligand) (6) derived from 5 have been checked as catalysts for the addition of carboxylic acids onto terminal alkynes using water as a green reaction medium. The best results in terms of activity and regioselectivity were obtained with the mononuclear derivative trans-[RuCl2(η3:η3-C10H16)(PPh3)] (6a), which was able to promote the selective Markovnikov addition of both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids to a large variety of terminal alkynes, enynes, and diynes as well as propargylic alcohols. In this way, a wide number of enol esters and β-oxo esters could be synthesized in moderate to good yields under mild conditions (60 °C) in an aqueous medium.
Designing Optimal Hierarchies for Information Retrieval with Multifunction Displays (1998)

Abstract : Modern aircraft use computer screens with a push button interface to replace a variety of single purpose instruments. Such multifunction displays (MFDs) are gradually being introduced into military helicopters, with future aircraft likely to be highly dependent on computers. Studies have shown that poor design of MFD hierarchies has a significant impact on user satisfaction and performance. The purpose of this study was to extend a theoretical analysis of hierarchy search into a methodology for gathering data and building a hierarchy layout that minimized the time needed to find items in a hierarchy. Pilot studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology and show that optimizing hierarchy layout may lead to a 25% reduction in search times.
Dependable Estimation of Downtime for Virtual Machine Live Migration (2012)

Abstract—Modern virtualization environments allow the live migration of running systems for load balancing and failover purposes in case of failing hosts. The overall duration of such migration and the short downtime during this process are essential properties when implementing service availability agreements. However, both metrics are currently only deter-minable through direct experimentation. For this reason, we present a new model for estimating the worst-case values of migration time and downtime in live migration. The prediction is based on a small set of input parameters characterizing the application load and the behavior of the host. We performed a large set of experimental evaluations for the model with three different virtualization products. The results show that total migration time as well as downtime are mainly influenced by the memory utilization pattern inside the virtualized system. The experiments also confirm that the proposed model can pre-dict worst-case live migration performance with high accuracy, rendering the model a useful tool for implementing proactive virtual machine migration. Keywords-virtual machine; live migration; downtime analy-sis;
Segmentation and recognition of text written in 3D using Leap motion interface (2015)

In this paper, we present a word extraction and recognition methodology from online cursive handwritten text-lines recorded by Leap motion controller The online text, drawn by 3D gesture in air, is distinct from usual online pen-based strokes. The 3D gestures are recorded in air, hence they produce often non-uniform text style and jitter-effect while writing. Also, due to the constraint of writing in air, the pause of stroke-flow between words is missing. Instead all words and lines are connected by a continuous stroke. In this paper, we have used a simple but effective heuristic to segment words written in air. Here, we propose a segmentation methodology of continuous 3D strokes into text-lines and words. Separation of text lines is achieved by heuristically finding the large gap-information between end and start-positions of successive text lines. Word segmentation is characterized in our system as a two class problem. In the next phase, we have used Hidden Markov Model-based approach to recognize these segmented words. Our experimental validation with a large dataset consisting with 320 sentences reveals that the proposed heuristic based word segmentation algorithm performs with accuracy as high as 80.3%c and an accuracy of 77.6% has been recorded by HMM-based word recognition when these segmented words are fed to HMM. The results show that the framework is efficient even with cluttered gestures.
Personalization of End User Software on Mobile Devices (2006)

Applications for mobile devices, especially mobile phones, are rarely used today - apart from games. They neither take the special features of each device into account nor the individuality of the user who usually has a much closer emotional relationship to her mobile phone than to many other technical devices. Useful and successful mobile applications can thus be presumably only those that address these deficits. In this paper, we present a novel approach for solving these problems by personalizing Java based mobile applications. The concept centres on a powerful and flexible XML information model that can easily be utilized for adding personalized data and features to an application. The information is weaved into the code by a pre-processor prior to compilation. We also present an example of its usage and discuss some of the consequences
The Project54 common interface for the intelligent transportation systems data bus (2003)

Police cruisers have a variety of aftermarket equipment such as lights, sirens, radar units, radios, etc. Most police aftermarket equipment was not designed with integration in mind. In order to allow the integration of electronic equipment in police cruisers a common interface for connecting aftermarket car electronics to an intelligent transportation systems data bus (LOB) was designed and implemented. The interface hardware uses Version 2.0B of the control area network (CAN) protocol as the method of hi-directional data transmission on the IDB. As a means to connect the aftermarket devices to the IDB the interface has two options. The first type of connection offered is a serial port that uses standard RS-232 signaling. The second type of connection is a port that offers five parallel TTL level signals that can be used for a variety of applications including switching The common interface is currently being installed in several New Hampshire State police cruisers. Initial tests show the system to be reliable.
Calculation and Application of Point Spread Functions for Treatment Planning with High Energy Photon Beams (1987)

A general dose calculation method for treatment planning with high energy photon beams, based on folding of the total energy released by primary photons per unit mass, the terma, with a fractional mean energy imparted point spread function is described. A set of point spread functions has been calculated with Monte Carlo technique for energies of primary photons between 100 keV and 20 MeV. Dose distributions have been calculated for a 6 MV bean using the method. The results clearly point out the considerably increased precision and flexibility achieved when calculating photon beam dose distributions from first principles using Monte Carlo generated point spread functions. The point spread functions calculated in this work are available on magnetic tape from the authors.
A time series forecasting approach to prediction of refugee population in kenya (2016)

Kenya has for many years been referred to as the Oasis of Peace in the Sea of Instability, this is due to the country’s geographical and political position as a safe haven for refugees fleeing from war and civil unrest from neighboring countries of Somalia, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan, Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo. By the end of December 2015 the total number of refugees and asylum seekers in Kenya was close to 600,000, more than half of that population arrived between 2011 and 2014 alone. Management of refugee affairs requires a diligent approach to availing resources when required (during a refugee emergency) or relinquishing resources when numbers decrease, both actions of response cannot be achieved without an effective methodology for predicting future refugee population.\nThis paper uses trend analysis using Weka data mining software. The data used for this project was extracted from the population data reported by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in the organization’s public statistics portal. The methodology used for implementing this project is CRISP-DM which guided the extraction and preparation of data to feeding it to the data mining tool. A number of algorithms were tested for against the historical data and Multilayer Perceptron which is based on regression was found to be most preferable for creation of prediction models.\nThe study revealed that the models created through training on the historical data performed quite well. The end of year 2016 prediction was compared against the population figures reported at the end of September 2016 and they were found to be within acceptable range. One aspect that was found to affect the prediction was uncertainty, the study revealed that drastic changes in refugee population such as through outbreak of violence in the refugee countries of origin could not be captured by the trained models therefore the use of expert input adopted to complement the trend learned by the models.\nThe paper concluded by providing recommendations which emphasized on the use of a hybrid approach in handling uncertainty through the use of the expert input and probability functions to calculate the likelihood of selected factors impacting the population as proposed by the experts. In addition the research recommended a sectoral approach to population prediction to look at aspects like prediction of malnutrition rates, health, education etc. this would require consistent collection and storage of such information so that it can be used to train prediction models.
Efficient Low-Temperature Thermophotovoltaic Emitters from Metallic Photonic Crystals (2008)

We examine the use of metallic photonic crystals as thermophotovoltaic emitters. We coat silica woodpile structures, created using direct laser writing, with tungsten or molybdenum. Optical reflectivity and thermal emission measurements near 650 degrees C demonstrate that the resulting structures should provide efficient emitters at relatively low temperatures. When matched to InGaAsSb photocells, our structures should generate over ten times more power than solid emitters while having an optical-to-electrical conversion efficiency above 32%. At such low temperatures, these emitters have promise not only in solar energy but also in harnessing geothermal and industrial waste heat.
Organic electrical bistable devices and rewritable memory cells (2002)

Electrical bistability is a phenomenon in which a device exhibits two states of different conductivities, at the same applied voltage. We report an organic electrical bistable device (OBD) comprising of a thin metal layer embedded within the organic material, as the active medium [L. P. Ma, J. Liu, and Y. Yang, US Patent Pending, (2001)]. The performance of this device makes it attractive for memory-cell type of applications. The two states of the OBD differ in their conductivity by several orders in magnitude and show remarkable stability, i.e., once the device reaches either state, it tends to remain in that state for a prolonged period of time. More importantly, the high and low conductivity states of an OBD can be precisely controlled by the application of a positive voltage pulse (to write) or a negative voltage pulse (to erase), respectively. One million writing-erasing cycles for the OBD have been tested in ambient conditions without significant device degradation. These discoveries pave the way for newer applications, such as low-cost, large-area, flexible, high-density, electrically addressable data storage devices.
Synthesis Methods, Microscopy Characterization and Device Integration of Nanoscale Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Gas Sensing (2009)

A comparison is made between SnO(2), ZnO, and TiO(2) single-crystal nanowires and SnO(2) polycrystalline nanofibers for gas sensing. Both nanostructures possess a one-dimensional morphology. Different synthesis methods are used to produce these materials: thermal evaporation-condensation (TEC), controlled oxidation, and electrospinning. Advantages and limitations of each technique are listed. Practical issues associated with harvesting, purification, and integration of these materials into sensing devices are detailed. For comparison to the nascent form, these sensing materials are surface coated with Pd and Pt nanoparticles. Gas sensing tests, with respect to H(2), are conducted at ambient and elevated temperatures. Comparative normalized responses and time constants for the catalyst and noncatalyst systems provide a basis for identification of the superior metal-oxide nanostructure and catalyst combination. With temperature-dependent data, Arrhenius analyses are made to determine activation energies for the catalyst-assisted systems.
Kinetic studies of the Serratia marcescens extracellular nuclease isoforms. (1994)

Kinetic studies on the two major isoforms of Serratia marcescens nuclease, Sm2 and Sm1, have revealed them to be functionally equivalent. Both isoforms display marked substrate inhibition by DNA and RNA. They both require magnesium for optimal activity, but retain low catalytic activity in its absence. Both are moderately inhibited by mononucleotides including 5'-ATP, 5'-AMP, 5'-TTP and 3'5'-pTp. The two strongest mononucleotide inhibitors studied, 5'-ATP and 5'-AMP, display inhibition constants, KI, on the order of 10(-5) M. In assessing the strength of mononucleotide inhibition the type of nucleotide base appears to be more important than the number of phosphate moieties.
New creatinine sensor for point-of-care testing of creatinine meets the National Kidney Disease Education Program guidelines (2007)

Addition of the measurement of creatinine concentration in whole blood on the ABL837 FLEX blood gas analyzer (Radiometer Medical ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark) allows fast and reliable reporting of creatinine in point-of-care testing (POCT). The new creatinine sensor follows the international recommendations of the National Kidney Disease Education Program Laboratory Working Group as of January 2006 with respect to acceptable performance, reference method and traceability. Validation tests show that the creatinine sensor has excellent performance and thus has the potential to change the poor track record of creatinine testing in plasma and whole blood in both the clinical laboratory and POCT. This article describes the clinical needs and the methods currently available for creatinine measurement and presents performance tests carried out by the manufacturer.
Evidence for plasmid-mediated toxin and bacteriocin production in Clostridium botulinum type G (1988)

A single 81-megadalton plasmid was previously isolated from each of six toxigenic strains of Clostridium botulinum type G (M. S. Strom, M. W. Eklund, and F. T. Poysky, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48:956-963, 1984). In this study, nontoxigenic derivatives isolated from each of the toxigenic strains following consecutive daily transfers in Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.)-yeast extract-glucose broth at 44 degrees C simultaneously ceased to produce type G neurotoxin and to harbor the resident 81-megadalton plasmid. The nontoxigenic derivatives also ceased to produce bacteriocin and lost their immunity to the bacteriocin produced by the toxigenic strains. In contrast, all of the toxigenic isolates continued to carry the resident plasmid and to produce both bacteriocin and type G neurotoxin. This is the first evidence suggesting that the production of neurotoxin and bacteriocin by C. botulinum is mediated by a plasmid.
Expression of <b> <i>N</i> </b>-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V Is Associated with Prognosis and Histology in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (2004)

GnT-V expression is associated with histology in NSCLCs. Low GnT-V expression is associated with shorter survival and poor prognosis in pStage I overall NSCLCs and non-squamous cell carcinomas.
A Cross‐Cultural Tool To Identify Continuing Education Needs (1998)

Cost-controlled health reforms have created the need for training nurses to provide evidence-based care in new contexts. Planing for nurses' continuing education must thus target the appropriate personnel and simultaneously consider local healthcare needs and training requirements. To plan such educational programmes, a training needs analysis instrument was developed in the UK and used to compare the training needs of nurses in Australia, the USA and the UK. Below, the findings of this survey.
Reactivity of lime and related oxides. III. Sorption of liquid water on calcium oxide (‘wet’ hydration) (1960)

Abstract Calcium oxide samples differing widely in surface activity (5–100m. 2 g.‐1) have been ‘wet’ hydrated at room temperature using water, pure or diluted with acetone as an inert liquid. Rates of hydration and changes in surface area and lattice structure indicate that ‘wet’ hydration proceeds by a mechanism similar to that found earlier for ‘dry’ hydration by water vapour, i.e., hydration proceeds inwards from the outside of each calcium oxide particle by an advancing interface mechanism. In each case, the more active limes become aged (agglomerated) rapidly, but when the less active limes are ‘wet’ hydrated the number of crystallites generally increases much more than for ‘dry’ hydration; cleavage of the calcium hydroxide formed on the surface of the oxide is therefore more extensive, in keeping with the faster hydration. Slow ‘wet’ hydrations using 1% water more closely resemble ‘dry’ hydrations in that the number of crystallites increases only over their later stages. Ultimately, all the ‘wet’ hydrated samples age on prolonged contact with water, their crystallite growth showing some relationship to that of calcium hydroxide precipitated from solution by double decomposition.
Multiple sensors based obstacle detection system (2012)

A mobility assistive device that can assist to navigate in the environment and keep away from collisions with obstacles could help reduce health costs and enhance the quality of care and independence of the elderly. Traditionally mobility assistive devices have been electromechanical devices which have the main function to provide physical support for the elderly whilst moving around such as canes and wheelchairs. Application of microcontrollers and wireless communication to mobility assistive devices have increased the functionality of these devices in terms of obstacle detection and information processing, and have brought exciting new concepts, which make these devices to be hand free and small. The proposed system is based on optical and ultrasonic sensors which can detect a wide range of obstacles, such as small objects on the walkway (e.g., toys), large static obstructions (e.g., building wall), as well as stairs and uneven surfaces, and warns the wearer several times before making contact with the object (e.g., 1.5m, 1.0m and 0.5m).
The Bidirectional Relationship between Sleep and Immunity against Infections (2015)

Sleep is considered an important modulator of the immune response. Thus, a lack of sleep can weaken immunity, increasing organism susceptibility to infection. For instance, shorter sleep durations are associated with a rise in suffering from the common cold. The function of sleep in altering immune responses must be determined to understand how sleep deprivation increases the susceptibility to viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. There are several explanations for greater susceptibility to infections after reduced sleep, such as impaired mitogenic proliferation of lymphocytes, decreased HLA-DR expression, the upregulation of CD14+, and variations in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, which have been observed during partial sleep deprivation. Also, steroid hormones, in addition to regulating sexual behavior, influence sleep. Thus, we hypothesize that sleep and the immune-endocrine system have a bidirectional relationship in governing various physiological processes, including immunity to infections. This review discusses the evidence on the bidirectional effects of the immune response against viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections on sleep patterns and how the lack of sleep affects the immune response against such agents. Because sleep is essential in the maintenance of homeostasis, these situations must be adapted to elicit changes in sleep patterns and other physiological parameters during the immune response to infections to which the organism is continuously exposed.
An improved Canny edge detection algorithm for color image (2012)

The traditional Canny edge detection method is widely used in gray image processing. However, this traditional algorithm is unable to deal with color images and the parameters in the algorithm are difficult to be determined adaptively. In this paper, an improved Canny algorithm is proposed to detect edges in color image. The proposed algorithm is composed of the following steps: quaternion weighted average filter, vector Sobel gradient computation, non-maxima suppression based on interpolation, edge detection and connection. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other color image edge detection methods and can be widely used in color image processing.
Electropolymerized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Receptor Layers in Capacitive Chemical Sensors (1999)

The first application of molecularly imprinted polymers to chemical sensors with capacitive detection is described. The sensitive layer was prepared by electropolymerization of phenol on gold electrodes in the presence of the template (phenylalanine). The insulating properties of the polymer layer were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrical leakages through the polymer layer were suppressed by deposition of a self-assembled monolayer of mercaptophenol before polymerization and of alkanethiol after polymerization. At the final stage of sensor preparation, the template was removed. The multilayer system obtained displayed a decrease in electrical capacitance on addition of phenylalanine. Only a low response was observed toward other amino acids and phenol.