gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gold–silver-alloy nanoprobes for one-pot multiplex DNA detection (2010)

A specific colorimetric DNA detection method based on oligonucleotide functionalized gold-silver-alloy nanoparticles (AuAg-alloy-nanoprobes) is presented. The AuAg-alloy-nanoprobes were then used for the specific detection of a DNA sequence from TP53-a gene involved in cancer development. The AuAg-alloy-nanoprobes were then used in combination with Au-nanoprobes for a one-pot dual-colour detection strategy that allowed for the simultaneous differential detection of two distinct target sequences. This system poses an unprecedented opportunity to explore the combined use of metal nanoparticles with different composition towards the development of a multiplex one-pot colorimetric assay for DNA detection.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,6‐Dihydro‐l(2H)‐pyridinyl Derivatives with Hyperglycemic Activity. (1986)

Abstract Compounds of type (I)‐(VIII) are synthesized by Standard procedures in good to excellent overall yield and compared with the known hyperglycemic agent (IX).
Synthesis and biological activity of 2-lactonyl penems. (1988)

A series of potent antibacterial agents have been prepared. These agents are penems carrying a lactone ring in the C-2 position. Excellent activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms--except Pseudomonas aeruginosa--was found.
Biodegradable polymeric matrix for long‐acting and zero‐order release drug delivery systems (1990)

Abstract Three types of biodegradable triblock copolymers, ABA, ABC and ACB, where A is polycaprolactone (PCL), B is polylactide (PLA) and C is polyglycolide (PGA), were used as matrix to test their controlled release behavior of Levo‐Norgestrel in the form of microsphere. It was verified that the overall release kinetics changes from in vitro first order to zero order when the percentage of PCL segments in all of the block copolymers decreases from 85 % to 60 −65 % with a long‐acting release time of 5 months or more. It is ascribed to the two release mechanisms, the diffusion release, contributed by the PCL segment, and the erosion‐caused release by PLA or PGA segment. At a certain ratio of segments the two release ways make a compromise to a constant rate of release, i. e. a zero‐order kinetics in these multiphase block copolymers.
Pathogenesis of vasculitis (1998)

This review discusses current thoughts on the pathogenesis of vasculitis. Secondary vasculitides, frequently associated with infections or systemic autoimmune diseases, are, in most cases, characterized by immune deposits in the vessel wall, which probably underlies the development of lesions. In the primary vasculitides, immune deposits are generally absent. A group of primary vasculitides is, however, strongly associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA). Various in vitro and in vivo experimental data suggest that those ANCA are involved in the pathogenesis of lesions in the associated disorders.
Daptomycin-Oxacillin Combinations in Treatment of Experimental Endocarditis Caused by Daptomycin-Nonsusceptible Strains of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with Evolving Oxacillin Susceptibility (the “Seesaw Effect”) (2010)

In vivo development of daptomycin resistance (DAPr) among Staphylococcus aureus strains, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, in conjunction with clinical treatment failures, has emerged as a major problem. This has raised the question of DAP-based combination regimens to enhance efficacy against such strains. We studied five recent DAP-susceptible (DAPs)/DAPr clinical MRSA strain pairs obtained from patients who failed DAP monotherapy regimens, as well as one DAPs/DAPr MRSA strain pair in which the resistant strain was generated by in vitro passage in DAP. Of note, we identified a DAP-oxacillin (OX) "seesaw" phenomenon in vitro in which development of DAPr was accompanied by a concomitant fall in OX resistance, as demonstrated by 3- to 4-fold decreases in the OX MIC, a susceptibility shift by population analyses, and enhanced early killing by OX in time-kill assays. In addition, the combination of DAP and OX exerted modest improvement in in vitro bactericidal effects. Using an experimental model of infective endocarditis and two DAPs/DAPr strain pairs, we demonstrated that (i) OX monotherapy was ineffective at clearing DAPr strains from any target tissue in this model (heart valve, kidneys, or spleen) and (ii) DAP-OX combination therapy was highly effective in DAPr strain clearances from these organs. The mechanism(s) of the seesaw effect remains to be defined but does not appear to involve excision of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) that carries mecA.
Smooth Robust Adaptive Sliding Mode Control of Manipulators With Guaranteed Transient Performance (1996)

A systematic way to combine adaptive control and sliding mode control (SMC) for trajectory tracking of robot manipulators in the presence of parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities is developed. Continuous sliding mode controllers without reaching transients and chattering problems are first developed by using a dynamic sliding mode. Transient performance is guaranteed and globally uniformly ultimately bounded (GUUB) stability is obtained. An adaptive scheme is also developed for comparison. With some modifications to the adaptation law, the control law is redesigned by combining the design methodologies of adaptive control and sliding mode control. The suggested controller preserves the advantages of both methods, namely, asymptotic stability of the adaptive system for parametric uncertainties and GUUB stability with guaranteed transient performance of sliding mode control for both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities. The control law is continuous and the chattering problem of sliding mode control is avoided. A prior knowledge of bounds on parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities is assumed. Experimental results conducted on the UCB/NSK SCARA direct drive robot show that the combined method reduces the final tracking error to more than half of the smoothed SMC laws for a payload uncertainty of 6 kg, and validate the advantage of introducing parameter adaptation in the smoothed SMC laws.
Cylindrical Dielectric Waveguide Modes* (1961)

The propagation of cylindrical dielectric waveguide modes near cutoff and far from cutoff are considered. The relative amounts of Ez and Hz, and the transverse components of the field are determined for both sets of hybrid modes. With the radial dependence of the z components of the field in the central dielectric given by Jn(ur/a), the transverse components far from cutoff are given by Jn±1(ur/a), where u is a parameter found from the boundary conditions and which fixes the scale of the Bessel function relative to the boundary r = a. The two values n + 1 and n − 1 correspond to the two sets of modes. The designations of the hybrid modes are discussed. Field plots for the lower order modes are given.
Axial p-n Junctions Realized in Silicon Nanowires by Ion Implantation (2009)

The electrical properties of vertically aligned silicon nanowires doped by ion implantation are studied in this paper by a combination of electron beam-induced current imaging and two terminal current-voltage measurements. By varying the implantation parameters in several process steps, uniform p- and n-doping profiles as well as p-n junctions along the nanowire axis are realized. The effective doping is demonstrated by electron beam-induced current imaging on single nanowires, and current-voltage measurements show their well-defined rectifying behavior.
Enabling applications for grid computing with globus (2003)

Enable your applications for grid computing Utilize the Globus Toolkit Programming hints, tips, and examples This IBM Redbook, a follow-on to Introduction to Grid Computing with Globus, SG24-6895, discusses the issues and considerations for enabling an application to run in a grid environment. Programming examples are provided based on the Globus Toolkit V2.2. The first part of this publication addresses various considerations related to grid-enabling an application, from the perspective of the infrastructure, the application, and the data requirements. The second part of this publication provides many programming examples in C/C++ and Java to help solidify the concepts of grid computing and the types of programming tasks that must be handled when developing an application intended to run in a grid environment.
Towards Customer Knowledge Management: Integrating Customer Relationship Management and Knowledge Management Concepts (2002)

The concepts of customer relationship management (CRM) and knowledge management (KM) have been recently gaining wide attention in business and academia. Both approaches focus on allocating resources to supportive business activities in order to gain competitive advantages.\nCRM focus on managing the relationship between a company an its current and prospective customer base as a key to success. A good relationship with the customer leads to higher customer satisfaction. Content customers are loyal and therefore more valuable customers. This directly affects the revenue stream.\nKM sees the knowledge available to a company as a major success factor. Through superior knowledge companies can accomplish their results faster, cheaper and with higher quality than their competition. Knowledge about customers, markets and other relevant factors of influence allows faster utilization of opportunities and more flexible reaction to threats.\nFrom the perspective of a process owner both CRM and KM approaches promise positive impact on the cost structure and revenue streams for a company in return for allocating resources from the core business into supportive functions. This investment is not without risk as many failed projects in the areas of CRM and KM demonstrate.\nIn this paper we show that the benefit of using CRM and KM can be enhanced and the risk of failure reduced by integrating both approaches into a customer knowledge management (CKM) model. Managing relationships requires managing knowledge for the customer, knowledge about the customer and knowledge from the customer. KM takes the role of a service provider for CRM, managing the four knowledge aspects content, competence, collaboration and composition to satisfy customer requests within stated budget restrictions. The findings are based on literature analysis and six years of action research, supplemented by case studies and surveys.
Effect of D-Sorbitol on the Thermal Gelation of Methylcellulose Formulations for Drug Delivery (2010)

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of D-sorbitol on the gelation characteristics of methylcellulose in aqueous solution. The addition of D-sorbitol at concentrations of between 25 and 30% (w/v) to 1.0-2.0% (w/v) methylcellulose solutions reduced the gelation temperature from approximately 53 degrees Celsius to values between ambient and 37 degrees Celsius and increased the strength of the gel. The in vitro release of acetaminophen (paracetamol) from 2.0% (w/v) methylcellulose gels containing 20-30% (w/v) D-sorbitol gel was diffusion-controlled.
Effect of pretreatment with local corticosteroids on antibody-forming cells in the eye and draining lymph nodes. (1975)

To study the effect of pretreatment of rabbits with locally administered steroids, unilateral subconjunctival injections of 10 mg. triamcinolone suspension were given 10 and 3 days before intracorneal injection of the same eye with bovine gamma globulin. We killed the rabbits 6, 9, 12, 15, and 21 days after the BGG injection, and determined the number of antibody-producing cells in the homolateral lymph nodes, corneas, and uveal tracts. Corticosteroids did not significantly affect the PFC response in the draining lymph nodes, but the number of plaque-forming cells in the corneas and uveal tracts was reduced. Steroid-treated eyes were less inflammed than control eyes. The possible mechanisms for the effect of steroids on the ocular immune response are discussed.
Directional emission from whispering-gallery modes in deformed fused-silica microspheres (2001)

Highly directional emissions from whispering-gallery modes are demonstrated in deformed nonaxisymmetric fused-silica microspheres. Ray trajectory analysis indicates that ray dynamics in a three-dimensional resonator differs qualitatively from that of a two-dimensional system, with Arnol’d diffusion playing an essential role in the three-dimensional system.
Antimalarially potent, easily prepared, fluorinated endoperoxides (1996)

Three or four step chemical synthesis and in vitro antimalarial testing showed crystalline, thermally stable, bicyclic endoperoxides 3c and 4c to be potent antimalarials, having approximately 15% of the antimalarial activity of the clinically used, complex, sesquiterpene, lactone, natural product artemisinin (qinghaosu, 1). A novel mechanism involving reactive alkylating agents is proposed to account for the ability of endoperoxides 3c and 4c to kill malaria parasites.
Observation of Stochastic Resonance in a Ring Laser (1988)

We report the first observation of stochastic resonance in an optical device, the bidirectional ring laser. The experiment exploits a new technique to modulate periodically the asymmetry between the two counter-rotating lasing modes. The measurements verify that the addition of injected noise can lead to an improved signal-to-noise ratio (relative to that observed with no externally injected noise).
Modeling of temporarily static objects for robust abandoned object detection in urban surveillance (2011)

We propose a robust approach for abandoned object detection in urban surveillance with over thousands of cameras. For such a large-scale monitoring based on intelligent video analysis, it is critical that a system be designed with careful control of false alarms. Our approach is based on proactive modeling of temporally static objects (TSO) such as cars stopping at red light and still pedestrians in the street. We develop a finite state machine to track the entire life cycles of TSOs from creation to termination. The semantically meaningful object information provided by the state machine in turn allows adaptive region-level updating of the background model without using any sophisticated object classification techniques. We demonstrate that our approach significantly mitigates the problematic issue of false alarm related to people in city surveillance, using both a small publicly available data set and a large one collected from various realistic urban scenarios.
Lipiarmycin, a new antibiotic from Actinoplanes. I. Description of the producer strain and fermentation studies. (1975)

The producer strain of the new antibiotic, lipiarmycin, is described. The colony morphology, the presence of globose sporangia bearing motile spores, the absence of aerial mycelium and the presence of meso-DAP in cell wall, ascribe this strain to the genus Actinoplanes. The pigmentation and morphological characteristics together with the cultural and physiological features distinguish this strain from all the described Actinoplanes species. It is considered to be a new species for which the name Actinoplanes deccanensis nov. sp. is proposed. Lipiarmycin is produced in an organic complex medium containing NaCl. Production occurs at the end of trophophase and continues, though at decreasing rate, during isophase.
Carbon dioxide laser based multiple ATR technique for measuring glucose in aqueous solutions (1988)

Conventional IR transmission methods are not suitable to measure accurately the concentration of biological molecules in aqueous solutions since the dominant water component has a high intrinsic absorption band over a wide range of the IR spectrum. This limitation can be largely overcome by the use of a laser as a light source. This paper describes the design of an experimental IR spectrometer based on a CO(2) laser and an ATR technique. To demonstrate the applicability of this laser spectrometer in medical diagnosis, we compared quantitative measurements of D-glucose solutions obtained from the IR spectrometer with measurements made by a standard laboratory glucose analyzer.
Microstructure and magnetic properties of FeTaN films (1994)

This paper investigates single layer dc magnetron sputtered FeTaN films of varying nitrogen content and thickness. Crystallographic aspects of [110] plane disorientation, lattice deformation and their relationship to coercive force and anisotropy field are analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Markov processes for modeling and analyzing a new genetic mapping method (1993)

This paper describes a set of stochastic processes that is useful for modeling and analyzing a new genetic mapping method. Some of the processes are Markov chains, and some are best described as functions of Markov chains. The central issue is boundary-crossing probabilities, which correspond to p -values for the existence of genes for particular traits. The methods elaborated by Aldous (1989) provide very accurate approximate p -values, as spot-checked against simulations.
Preparation and properties of ethoxylated fatty methyl ester nonionics (1995)

Abstract Ehthylene oxide (EO) cannot react directly with fatty methyl esters that have no active hydrogen. We developed a new synthetic method, which directly inserts EO into fatty methyl esters (RCOOCH 3 ) to give [RCO(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OCH 3 ]. This was achieved by the use of a novel solid catalyst modified by metal cations. Ethoxylates of fatty methyl esters obtained by this method were homogeneous monoesters and had good properties as nonionic surfactants.
Organic Polymeric and Non‐Polymeric Materials with Large Optical Nonlinearities (1984)

Abstract Nonlinear optical properties are a sensitive probe of the electronic and solid‐state structure of organic compounds and as a consequence find various applications in many areas of optoelectronics including optical communications, laser scanning and control functions, and integrated optics technology. Because of their strongly delocalized π electronic systems, polymeric and non‐polymeric aromatic compounds show highly nonlinear optical effects. Nowadays, polymer chemists are able to tailor specific materials properties for various applications. Some organic substances with π electronic systems exhibit the largest known nonlinear coefficients, often considerably larger than those of the more conventional inorganic dielectrics and semiconductors, and thus show promise for thin‐film fabrication, allowing the enormous function and cost advantages of integrated electronic circuitry. The electronic origins of nonlinear optical effects in organic π electronic systems are reviewed, with special emphasis being given to second‐order nonlinear optical effects. Methods for measuring nonlinear optical responses are outlined, and the critical relationships of the propagation characteristics of light to observed nonlinear optical effects and to solid‐state structure are discussed. Finally, the synthesis and characterization of organic crystals and polymer films with large second‐order optical nonlinearities are summarized.
Neutron Source Based on Vacuum Insulated Tandem Accelerator and Lithium Target (2021)

A compact accelerator-based neutron source has been proposed and created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia. An original design tandem accelerator is used to provide a proton beam. The proton beam energy can be varied within a range of 0.6-2.3 MeV, keeping a high-energy stability of 0.1%. The beam current can also be varied in a wide range (from 0.3 mA to 10 mA) with high current stability (0.4%). In the device, neutron flux is generated as a result of the <sup>7</sup>Li(p,n)<sup>7</sup>Be threshold reaction. A beam-shaping assembly is applied to convert this flux into a beam of epithermal neutrons with characteristics suitable for BNCT. A lot of scientific research has been carried out at the facility, including the study of blistering and its effect on the neutron yield. The BNCT technique is being tested in in vitro and in vivo studies, and the methods of dosimetry are being developed. It is planned to certify the neutron source next year and conduct clinical trials on it. The neutron source served as a prototype for a facility created for a clinic in Xiamen (China).
Method for Efficient Recovery of High-Purity Polycarbonates from Electronic Waste (2015)

More than one million tons of polycarbonates from waste electrical and electronic equipment are consigned to landfills at an increasing rate of 3-5% per year. Recycling the polymer waste should have a major environmental impact. Pure solvents cannot be used to selectively extract polycarbonates from mixtures of polymers with similar properties. In this study, selective mixed solvents are found using guidelines from Hansen solubility parameters, gradient polymer elution chromatography, and solubility tests. A room-temperature sequential extraction process using two mixed solvents is developed to recover polycarbonates with high yield (>95%) and a similar purity and molecular weight distribution as virgin polycarbonates. The estimated cost of recovery is less than 30% of the cost of producing virgin polycarbonates from petroleum. This method would potentially reduce raw materials from petroleum, use 84% less energy, reduce emission by 1-6 tons of CO2 per ton of polycarbonates, and reduce polymer accumulation in landfills and associated environmental hazards.
Fiber Nonlinearity Mitigation in Optical Links That Use OFDM for Dispersion Compensation (2007)

The nonlinear power limit of optical links using optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for dispersion compensation can be significantly improved using a simple and computationally efficient nonlinearity precompensation technique that requires no additional optical components. Simulations show that a 2-dB increase in transmission power is possible for 6 ps/nm/km fibers in a 4000-km system, and this increases to >4 dB for 2 ps/nm/km fibers. Alternatively, the bit error ratio can be substantially reduced with precompensation when the systems are operated at an optimum power. Only a single tuning parameter is used to represent the whole link, and the system is robust against variations in this parameter.