gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow behaviour and microstructural evolution of Ti-17 alloy with lamellar microstructure during hot deformation in <i>α+β</i> phase field (2009)

The effect of process variables on flow response and microstructure evolution during hot working of Ti-17 (Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr) alloy with lamellar microstructure was established using isothermal hot compression tests at strain rates of 0·001–10 s −1 , test temperature between 780 and 860°C, and height reductions of 15–75. All of the flow curves exhibited a peak stress followed by noticeable flow softening, and tended to exhibit a noticeably lower rate of flow softening at the strain of the order of 0·7. The peak flow stress decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. Flow softening of the Ti-17 alloy was caused by kinking, break-up and globularisation of lamellas during deformation and, to a small extent, by deformation heating. At high strain rate, adiabatic shear bands and flow localisation were observed to play a role in flow softening. In α+β phase region discontinuous yielding was discovered at higher temperature (⩾820°C) and 10 s −1 . According to the deformation microstructure, lamellar α phase gradually kinked, broke up and globularised of lamellas resulting from the development of shear bands and the penetration of β phase during deformation in the α+β phase field. The degree of dynamic globularisation of α phase increased with increasing strains, temperature and decreasing strain rate.
Silicon Photonics in Optical Coherent Systems (2018)

Optical coherent systems, which employ the interference of a received optical signal with a local laser to achieve high signal-to-electrical-noise ratio and capture the magnitude, phase, and polarization of the signal, have grown dramatically in the last decade due to improvements in digital signal processors. The optics of both the transmitter and receiver have grown in complexity, and its deployment has benefitted greatly from the integration offered by silicon photonics. Today’s coherent systems range from 1.2-Tb/s fiber-optic communication transceivers to optical coherence tomography medical instruments. This paper will give an overview of optical coherent systems, present the state-of-the-art in silicon photonic components shipping today, and discuss where silicon photonics is going in this field.
SESAME V2 public key and authorisation extensions to Kerberos (2002)

There are increasing requirements for the availability of practical solutions to the problem of providing secure single sign-on for users to applications anywhere on a network, but with affordable security management. Kerberos has been proven to be an effective solution to this problem for a local network, or within closely linked groups of users, but Kerberos is constrained by its current limitations of supporting purely symmetric key distribution, and an identity-based authorisation model. This paper describes how the SESAME (Secure European System for Applications in a Multi-vendor Environment) project has integrated asymmetric key distribution, and authorisation support to extend Kerberos to provide significant scalability and manageability improvements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hidden Markov models that use predicted secondary structures for fold recognition (1999)

There are many proteins that share the same fold but have no clear sequence similarity. To predict the structure of these proteins, so called "protein fold recognition methods" have been developed. During the last few years, improvements of protein fold recognition methods have been achieved through the use of predicted secondary structures (Rice and Eisenberg, J Mol Biol 1997;267:1026-1038), as well as by using multiple sequence alignments in the form of hidden Markov models (HMM) (Karplus et al., Proteins Suppl 1997;1:134-139). To test the performance of different fold recognition methods, we have developed a rigorous benchmark where representatives for all proteins of known structure are matched against each other. Using this benchmark, we have compared the performance of automatically-created hidden Markov models with standard-sequence-search methods. Further, we combine the use of predicted secondary structures and multiple sequence alignments into a combined method that performs better than methods that do not use this combination of information. Using only single sequences, the correct fold of a protein was detected for 10% of the test cases in our benchmark. Including multiple sequence information increased this number to 16%, and when predicted secondary structure information was included as well, the fold was correctly identified in 20% of the cases. Moreover, if the correct secondary structure was used, 27% of the proteins could be correctly matched to a fold. For comparison, blast2, fasta, and ssearch identifies the fold correctly in 13-17% of the cases. Thus, standard pairwise sequence search methods perform almost as well as hidden Markov models in our benchmark. This is probably because the automatically-created multiple sequence alignments used in this study do not contain enough diversity and because the current generation of hidden Markov models do not perform very well when built from a few sequences.
Quasi-Drugs Developed in Japan for the Prevention or Treatment of Hyperpigmentary Disorders (2010)

Excess production of melanin or its abnormal distribution, or both, can cause irregular hyperpigmentation of the skin, leading to melasma and age spots. To date, various quasi-drugs that prevent or improve hyperpigmentary disorders have been developed and officially approved by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan. Many of these inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, an enzyme required for melanin synthesis, for example, by competitive or non-competitive inhibition of its catalytic activity, by inhibiting its maturation, or by accelerating its degradation. In this review, we categorize the quasi-drugs developed in Japan to prevent or treat hyperpigmentary disorders, or both, and discuss perspectives for future development.
Optical angular momentum transfer to transparent isotropic particles using laser beam carrying zero average angular momentum (2002)

The torque exerted by an astigmatic optical beam on small transparent isotropic particles was dynamically measured observing the angular motion of the particles under a microscope. The data confirmed that torque was originated by the transfer of orbital angular momentum associated with the spatial changes in the phase of the optical field induced by the moving particle. This mechanism for angular momentum transfer works also with incident light beams with no net angular momentum.
鲍里斯·贝克尔 41岁昔日金童 (2009)

贝克尔也许才刚找到男人40所应有的样子,他前所未有地自由呼吸。他是BBC的网球评论员,英国《泰晤士报》的专栏作家,德国脱口秀节目的主持人——节目中他向贝肯鲍尔这些名人抛出尖酸刻薄的问题,他还是三家汽车特许经营店的合伙人。
On finding meaning in the experience of illness. (2002)

People have the potential to make sense of any illness or death experience and nurses who care for these people are in a position to learn also from deeper spiritual insights. (non-author abstract)
Plasmon-mediated magneto-optical transparency (2013)

Magnetic field control of light is among the most intriguing methods for modulation of light intensity and polarization on sub-nanosecond timescales. The implementation in nanostructured hybrid materials provides a remarkable increase of magneto-optical effects. However, so far only the enhancement of already known effects has been demonstrated in such materials. Here we postulate a novel magneto-optical phenomenon that originates solely from suitably designed nanostructured metal-dielectric material, the so-called magneto-plasmonic crystal. In this material, an incident light excites coupled plasmonic oscillations and a waveguide mode. An in-plane magnetic field allows excitation of an orthogonally polarized waveguide mode that modifies optical spectrum of the magneto-plasmonic crystal and increases its transparency. The experimentally achieved light intensity modulation reaches 24%. As the effect can potentially exceed 100%, it may have great importance for applied nanophotonics. Further, the effect allows manipulating and exciting waveguide modes by a magnetic field and light of proper polarization.
Polyelectrolyte Layer-by-Layer Assembly To Control the Distance between Fluorophores and Plasmonic Nanostructures (2007)

In the past several years we have demonstrated the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) and the significant changes in the photophysical properties of fluorophores in the presence of metallic nanostructures and nanoparticles. MEF is largely dependent on several factors, such as chemical nature, size, shape of the nanostructure, and its distance from the interrogating fluorophore. Herein, we elucidate the potential of layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to understand the distance dependence nature of MEF from sulforhodamine B (SRB) assembled on the plasmonic nanostructured surfaces [in the form of Silver Islands films (SIFs)]. The varied proximity of fluorophores from the SIF surfaces was controlled by constructing different numbers of alternate layers of poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). An anionic laser dye SRB could be electrostatically attached to the positively charged PAH layer. Orientation of the SRB probe molecule adsorbed in PSS/PAH-layered assembly was determined by polarized absorption spectroscopy. The observed tilt angle of the probe transition dipole moment with respect to the surface normal was 40°. Our results show that MEF is indeed distance-dependent. Accordingly, we observed a maximum of a ~6-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity from a monolayer of the SRB at a distance of ~9 nm from the metal-nanostructured surface, with the enhancement decreasing down to ~1.5-fold at about a 30 nm separation distance. Consistently, the minimum lifetimes were about 4-fold shorter than those on glass slides without silver, with the lifetimes being about nearly the same for 15 layers of the PSS/PAH assembly. The intensity-time decays were analyzed with a lifetime distribution model to underpin the distance effect on the metal-fluorophore interaction in the nanometric range. The present study provides improved understanding of the interaction between plasmonic nanostructures and fluorophores and, more importantly, their distance dependence nature, where we used a robust, easy, and inexpensive alternate electrostatic LbL assembly as a bottom-up nanofabrication technique to control the probe distance from the surface.
Enhanced oral absorption and decreased elimination of paclitaxel in mice cotreated with cyclosporin A. (1998)

Recent experiments in mice have demonstrated that the systemic exposure to p.o. administered paclitaxel is significantly enhanced with coadministration of the P-glycoprotein blocker SDZ PSC 833 (J. van Asperen et al, Br. J. Cancer, 76: 1181-1183, 1997). To facilitate further research on the feasibility of a clinically effective oral formulation of paclitaxel, it is important to know whether cotreatment with a commonly applied and commercially available P-glycoprotein blocker, e.g., cyclosporin A, has a similar effect. Here, we present a detailed study about the effects of cyclosporin A on the pharmacokinetics of p.o. and i.v. administered paclitaxel. Female FVB mice received a combined treatment of 5 or 10 mg/kg paclitaxel (either i.v. or p.o.) plus 0, 10, or 50 mg/kg cyclosporin A (p.o.). The plasma concentrations of paclitaxel were determined at several time points after drug administration using high-performance liquid chromatography. Calculated relative to the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of i.v. administered paclitaxel in mice treated without cyclosporin A, the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel increased from 9.3% up to 67% with coadministration of cyclosporin A. The bioavailability in mice cotreated with 10 or 50 mg/kg cyclosporin A appeared to be similar. The effect of cyclosporin A on the systemic exposure to p.o. administered paclitaxel was the result of both a significantly decreased clearance and an increased uptake. A histological examination revealed that the enhanced absorption was not caused by gastrointestinal toxicity. We conclude that cyclosporin A and SDZ PSC 833 are equally effective in increasing the systemic exposure to p.o. administered paclitaxel. These data are promising for the development of a clinically useful oral formulation of this cytostatic drug and indicate that cyclosporin A is a suitable agent for further research of this concept.
Antimalarials. 7-Chloro-4-hydroxy- and 4,7-Dichloro-1-methylcarbostyrils<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntimalarials. 7-Chloro-4-hydroxy- and 4,7-Dichloro-1-methylcarbostyrils1Robert E. Lutz, John F. Codington, Russell J. Rowlett Jr., Adolf J. Deinet, and Philip S. BaileyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 9, 1810–1812Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01213a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01213a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NO<sub>x</sub> Removal in N<sub>2</sub> by Pulse Intense Electron Beam Irradiation (1998)

As an application of pulse intense electron beam for pollution control, removal of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in atmospheric pressure N 2 was demonstrated. The pulse electron beam (energy; ∼200 keV, current; ∼140 A, current density; ∼2.2 A/cm 2 and pulse width; ∼500 ns) was injected into a gas cell filled by 1 atmospheric pressure N 2 with an initial concentration of 200 ppm of NO and at a temperature of 26°C. The typical removal ratio was 17% for the first shot and reached to 93% after 8 successive shots. This removal ratio corresponds to 2740 nmol of removed NO x and to a 192 nmol/J removal efficiency. Many nitrogen radicals produced by the electron beam interaction with N 2 play an important role in the reduction of NO. The removal ratio was increased to 33% for the first shot when the initial concentration of NO was decreased to 64 ppm. However, the amount of removed NO x was smaller at low initial concentrations. When the filling pressure was decreased to 260 Torr, the amount of removed NO x decreased almost proportional to the pressure.
Double chirped-pulse-amplification laser: a way to clean pulses temporally (2005)

We demonstrate a double chirped-pulse-amplification (CPA) Ti: sapphire laser system that includes two CPA stages with intermediate nonlinear temporal pulse filtering. The method makes it possible to reduce substantially the background of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), including prepulses and postpulses. An ASE temporal contrast of 10(10) was demonstrated at 20 mJ of output energy and 50-fs pulse duration. The demonstrated scheme is applicable to petawatt power-level laser systems.
N6‐isopentenyladenosine arrests tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate synthase and protein prenylation (2006)

The physiological effects of a variety of N6-substituted adenine and adenosine derivatives called cytokinins have been documented in plants, but information on their occurrence and function in other biological system is limited. Here we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A), an adenosine and isoprenoid derivative, in a thyroid cell system, FRTL-5 wild-type, and K-ras transformed KiMol cells. Addition of i6A to FRTL-5 cells caused a dose-dependent arrest of the G0-G1 cell phase transition associated with a reduction of cells in the S phase that was much more evident in KiMol cells. I6A arrested tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) and protein prenylation. Indeed the addition of farnesol reversed these effects and i6A affected protein prenylation, in particular lamin B processing. I6A effect was not mediated by the adenosine receptor but was due to a direct modulation of FPPS enzyme activity as a result of its uptake inside the cells. I6A inhibited FPPS activity more efficaciously in KiMol cells than in normal FRTL-5. Moreover, the i6A anti-proliferative effect was evaluated in vivo in a nude mouse xenograft model, where KiMol cells were implanted subcutaneously. Mice treated with i6A showed a drastic reduction in tumor volume. Our findings indicate that this isoprenoid end product might be used for antineoplastic therapy, an application emulating that of the lovastatin and/or farnesyl-transferase inhibitors
CELIS - EIN KONZEPT FUER DIE PKW-INNENRAUMBELEUCHTUNG MIT LICHTLEITTECHNIK (1995)

Beim Betrachten der Beleuchtungssysteme heutiger Automobile faellt schnell ein Ungleichgewicht zwischen den aeusseren und inneren Beleuchtungssystemen auf. Unter dem Namen CELIS wurde von Hella ein neues Innenraumbeleuchtungssystem entwickelt. Es besteht aus einem modularen Konzept, das dezentrale Lichtquellen einsetzt. Von diesen Beleuchtungsmodulen wird mit Lichtleitern eine Innenraumbeleuchtung realisiert, die ueber die ueblichen Funktionen hinaus weitere - unter Komfort- und Sicherheitsaspekten wichtige - Elemente integriert. Das physikalische Grundprinzip, Licht nach dem Eintritt in einen transparenten, optisch dichteren Stoff (Lichtleiter) per Totalreflexion zu transportieren, erlaubt es, Lichtquelle und Lichtaustritt zu trennen und das Licht einer Quelle fuer mehrere Beleuchtungen zu nutzen. Durch den Aufbau eines Prototypenfahrzeugs wurde demonstriert, dass sich so eine Verbesserung der Lichtqualitaet im Innenraum mit den Merkmalen Komfort und Sicherheit erzielen laesst. Titel in Englisch: CELIS. Interior lighting with translucent components.
Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Thebaine and its Transformation Products as Pharmacological Targets (2009)

The most practical synthetic routes to the preparation of as important pharmaceuticals as oxycodone, naloxone, naltrexone, nalbuphine and buprenorphine have utilized the alkaloid, thebaine, as a starting material. This review intends to focus on chemical transformations of morphinans which resulted in morphinandiene derivatives with well-established and novel pharmacological potencies. These chemical transformations were mainly associated with the formation and substitution of the unique diene structure of the ring C of the morphinan backbone.
Exclusive Formation of 1:1 and 2:2 Complexes between Cucurbit[8]uril and Electron Donor-acceptor Molecules Induced by Host-stabilized Charge-transfer Interactions (2007)

The exclusive formation of 1:1 and 2:2 host-guest complexes between cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and electron donor-acceptor (D-A) molecules by host-stabilized charge-transfer (CT) interactions is reported. Reaction of CB[8] with D-A molecule 1(2+) containing dipyridyliumylethylene as an electron-acceptor unit and 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene as an electron-donor unit, which are connected by a but-2-enyl linker, resulted in the exclusive formation of 1:1 complex 2(2+) which has been characterized by UV-visible, NMR and mass spectrometry. The H-1-NMR spectrum of 2(2+) revealed that the acceptor and donor units of 1(2+) form an intramolecular CT complex inside the cavity of CB[8], which was also supported by a molecular modeling study. Another D-A molecule (3(2+)), which contains a rigid 1,4-xylyl linker to connect a dipyridyliumylethylene unit and 2-hydroxynaphthalene unit reacts with CB[8] to form 2:2 complex 4(4+) exclusively. In 4(4+), two molecules of 3(2+) form a CT complex with each other while the donor and acceptor units of one guest molecule interact with the acceptor and donor units, respectively, of the other inside the cavities of two CB[8] molecules.
Molecular Mechanisms of Ceramide-mediated Telomerase Inhibition in the A549 Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (2001)

This study was aimed at identifying the molecular mechanisms by which ceramide inhibits telomerase activity in the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. C(6)-ceramide (20 microm) caused a significant reduction of telomerase activity at 24 h as detected using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol, and this inhibition correlated with decreased telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) protein. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analyses showed that C(6)-ceramide significantly decreased hTERT mRNA in a time-dependent manner. Electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays demonstrated that the binding activity of c-Myc transcription factor to the E-box sequence on the hTERT promoter was inhibited in response to C(6)-ceramide at 24 h. These results were also confirmed by transient transfections of A549 cells with pGL3-Basic plasmid constructs containing the functional hTERT promoter and its E-box deleted sequences cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter gene. Further analysis using RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that c-Myc protein but not its mRNA levels were decreased in response to C(6)-ceramide at 24 h. The effects of ceramide on the c-Myc protein were shown to be due to a reduction in half-life via increased ubiquitination. Similar results were obtained by increased endogenous ceramide levels in response to nontoxic concentrations of daunorubicin, resulting in the inhibition of telomerase and c-Myc activities. Furthermore, the elevation of endogenous ceramide by overexpression of bacterial sphingomyelinase after transient transfections also induced the inhibition of telomerase activity with concomitant decreased hTERT and c-Myc protein levels. Taken together, these results show for the first time that both exogenous and endogenous ceramides mediate the modulation of telomerase activity via decreased hTERT promoter activity caused by rapid proteolysis of the ubiquitin-conjugated c-Myc transcription factor.
Pickling and Descaling (1994)

Abstract Pickling is the most common of several processes used to remove scale from steel surfaces. This article provides a discussion on pickling solutions, such as sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, and describes the role of inhibitors in acid pickling. It discusses the equipment and processes involved in the batch, continuous, and electrolytic pickling of carbon steel components. The article describes the effects of process variables on scale removal in sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. It concludes with a description of pickling defects, spent pickle liquor disposal, and safety practices.