gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Making People Decisions (2014)

This chapter focuses on the people decisions related to building and maintaining the competence of the organization's talent base for the sustainability of the organization. All of the issues involve a decision about people. While some may appear to be trivial, on the surface, the consequences can damage an organization's reputation and destroy careers. It should not take years to determine that an employee has not met expectations; it does take courage to resolve situations related to inadequate performance. The decisions concerning employees begins and ends in the human resource (HR) department. Hiring policies and practices originate in the HR department and on occasion with input from managers in the functional departments and subsequently approved by some executive-level committee. Managing involves taking risks and making major decisions with minimal information. As the global economy expands, executives needs to come to terms with succession competence across all organizational units.
Biomedical engineering management of Novacor left Ventricular assist system (LVAS) patients (1990)

As the number of cardiac transplant centres increases, there is an associated decrease in the availability of donor organs per centre. Subsequently, hospitals are utilizing cardiac assist systems (total artificial heart and ventricular assist devices) as a bridge to cardiac transplantation. Because of the engineering complexities related to the clinical implantation and follow up of these devices, a successful centre should have a well co-ordinated biomedical engineering programme. These engineers are responsible for the calibration, monitoring, and continued operation of these units. This paper is intended to serve as a guide to any centre interested in utilizing total artificial heart and ventricular assist systems, in particular the Novacor left ventricular assist system, and focuses on the management and function of the biomedical engineering component of our cardiac assist programme.
Imaging dose management using multi-resolution in CT-guided radiation therapy (2005)

In image-guided radiation therapy, megavoltage computerized tomography (MVCT) delivers higher dose to the patient for lower image quality than diagnostic kilovoltage CT (kVCT). One way to reduce the mean imaging dose is to reduce the imaging volume, which is often sufficient for registration and dosimetry purposes. The filtered back projection using truncated data causes artefacts that degrade the image quality. Those artefacts can be effectively reduced by wavelet-based multi-resolution analysis (WMRA), in which the detail and approximate information are reconstructed separately to bypass the non-locality of filtered back projection. In this study, WMRA was used to reconstruct local images from both very low-dose kVCT scans from a bench-top tomotherapy unit and MVCT scans from helical tomotherapy. Results show that mean imaging dose can be significantly reduced by imaging a small region of interest. In simulation, the root-mean-square error brought by the truncation is smaller than 1-2% and depends on the level of dose reduction. On the other hand, the same mean dose that would have been delivered by a low-quality global CT can be conformed to a smaller volume to improve the visibility of low-contrast organs and fine structures using WMRA. Organs at risk can be avoided during repeated daily CT imaging when irregular-shaped reconstruction areas are used. WMRA does not involve computationally expensive iterations and is suitable for image-guided radiation therapy where imaging speed is essential. Compared with extrapolation methods, errors are further reduced to improve the detection of low contrast and fine structures.
Amperometric gas sensing (2014)

Amperometric gas sensors are widely used for environmental and industrial monitoring. They are sensitive and cheap but suffer from some significant limitations. The aim of the work undertaken in this thesis is the development of ‘intelligent’ gas sensors to overcome some of these limitations. Overall the thesis shows the value of ionic liquids as potential solvents for gas sensors, overcoming issues of solvent volatility and providing a wide potential range for electrochemical measurements. Methods have been developed for sensitive amperometry, the tuning of potentials and especially proof-of-concept (patents Publication numbers: WO2013140140 A3 and WO2014020347 A1) in respect of the intelligent self-monitoring of temperature and humidity by RTIL based sensors. Designs for practical electrodes are also proposed. The specific content is as follows. Chapter 1 outlines the fundamental principles of electrochemistry which are of importance for the reading of this thesis. Chapter 2 reviews the history and modern amperometric gas sensors. Limitations of present electrochemical approaches are critically established. Micro-electrodes and Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) are also introduced in this chapter. Chapter 4 is focused on the study of analysing chronoamperometry using the Shoup and Szabo equation to simultaneously determine the values of concentration and diffusion coefficient of dissolved analytes in both non-aqueous and RTIL media. A method to optimise the chronoamperometric conditions is demonstrated. This provides an essential experimental basis for IL based gas sensor. Chapter 5 demonstrates how the oxidation potential of ferrocene can be tuned by changing the anionic component of room temperature ionic liquids. This ability to tune redox potentials has genetic value in gas sensing. Chapters 6 and 7 describe two novel patented approaches to monitor the local environment for amperometric gas detection. In Chapter 6, an in-situ voltammetric ‘thermometer’ is incorporated into an amperometric oxygen sensing system. The local temperature is measured by the formal potential difference of two redox couples. A simultaneous temperature and humidity sensor is reported in Chapter 7. This sensor shows advantageous features where the temperature sensor is humidity independent and vice versa. The Shoup and Szabo analysis (Chapter 4) requires ‘simple’ electron transfer and as such the reduction of oxygen in wet RTILs can be complicated by dissolved water. Chapter 8 proposes a method to stop oxygen reduction at the one electron transfer stage under humid conditions by using phosphonium based RTILs to ‘trap’ the intermediate superoxide ions. Chapters 9 and 10 report the fabrication of low cost disposable electrodes of various geometries and of different materials. The suitability of these electrode for use as working electrodes for electrochemical experiments in aqueous, non-aqueous and RTIL media is demonstrated. Their capability to be used as working probes for amperometric gas sensing systems is discussed.
Kaistia defluvii sp. nov., isolated from river sediment (2012)

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod- and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain B6-12(T), was isolated from sediment collected from the River Geumho in South Korea. In comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the novel strain appeared to be affiliated with the class Alphaproteobacteria and to be most closely related to Kaistia adipata KCTC 12095(T), Kaistia dalseonensis DSM 18800(T), Kaistia geumhonensis DSM 18799(T), Kaistia granuli KCTC 12575(T), Kaistia soli KACC 12605(T) and Kaistia terrae KACC 12910(T), with sequence similarities of 96.2-99.1%. The predominant ubiquinone in the isolate was Q-10, major fatty acids were C(18:0), C(18:1)ω7c and C(19:0)ω8c cyclo, and genomic DNA G+C content was 63.0 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence and the results of DNA-DNA hybridizations, strain B6-12(T) represents a novel species in the genus Kaistia, for which the name Kaistia defluvii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B6-12(T) ( = KCTC 23766(T) = JCM 18034(T)).
Preparation of plastic optical fibers for near‐IR region transmission (1987)

Abstract Loss factors of PMMA and PS core plastic optical fibers (POFs) were analyzed, and it was revealed that the vibrational absorption owing to CH vibration plays the most significant role in reducing the near‐IR region attenuation loss. Conversion of the hydrogen of the CH bond in the core polymer to deuterium gives rise to a large reduction of the attenuation loss not only in the visible wavelength region but also in the near‐IR region. The deuteration of styrene is not so effective as that of methyl methacrylate because of PS core POFs higher loss owing to imperfections in the wave guide structure and Rayleigh scattering. Using a perdeuterated PMMA as a POF core, a loss of 20 dB/km was attained in the 650–680 nm wavelength region. The loss limits of these deuterated polymer core POFs were also estimated.
Biocatalytic potential of vanillin aminotransferase from Capsicum chinense (2014)

We suggest PAMT to be renamed to VAMT (vanillin aminotransferase, abbreviation used in this study) as formation of vanillin from vanillylamine could be demonstrated. Furthermore, due to high stereoselectivity and activity at physiological pH, VAMT is a suitable candidate for biocatalytic transamination in a recombinant whole-cell system.
<title>Design and fabrication of micromirror array with hidden joint structures</title> (1998)

This paper describes the design and fabrication of surface- micromachined micromirror array with hidden joint structures. Instead of using elastic spring components, such as cantilevers, flexure beams, and torsion hinges, we have used joint structure composed of pin and staples to support the mirror plate. The position of the joint structure, under the mirror plate, makes large active surface area possible. Arrays of 100 X 110 micrometers <SUP>2</SUP> sized micromirrors with two different staple shapes are designed and fabricated. These flexureless micromirrors are driven by electrostatic force between mirror plate and address electrode under it. As the mirror plate has discrete deflection angles the device is well suited for spatial light modulating purpose. Four-level metal structural layers and semi-cured photoresist sacrificial layers are used in the fabrication process and sacrificial layers are removed by dry release process using oxygen plasma. Performance characteristics are measured by applying voltage difference between the ground electrode, which contacts the mirror plate via support post, and an address electrode.
Porcine Bladder Urothelial, Myofibroblast, and Detrusor Muscle Cells: Characterization and ATP Release (2011)

ATP is released from the bladder mucosa in response to stretch, but the cell types responsible are unclear. Our aim was to isolate and characterize individual populations of urothelial, myofibroblast, and detrusor muscle cells in culture, and to examine agonist-stimulated ATP release. Using female pig bladders, urothelial cells were isolated from bladder mucosa following trypsin-digestion of the luminal surface. The underlying myofibroblast layer was dissected, minced, digested, and cultured until confluent (10-14 days). A similar protocol was used for muscle cells. Cultures were used for immunocytochemical staining and/or ATP release investigations. In urothelial cultures, immunoreactivity was present for the cytokeratin marker AE1/AE3 but not the contractile protein α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) or the cytoskeletal filament vimentin. Neither myofibroblast nor muscle cell cultures stained for AE1/AE3. Myofibroblast cultures partially stained for α-SMA, whereas muscle cultures were 100% stained. Both myofibroblast and muscle stained for vimentin, however, they were morphologically distinct. Ultrastructural studies verified that the suburothelial layer of pig bladder contained abundant myofibroblasts, characterized by high densities of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Baseline ATP release was higher in urothelial and myofibroblast cultures, compared with muscle. ATP release was significantly stimulated by stretch in all three cell populations. Only urothelial cells released ATP in response to acid, and only muscle cells were stimulated by capsaicin. Tachykinins had no effect on ATP release. In conclusion, we have established a method for culture of three cell populations from porcine bladder, a well-known human bladder model, and shown that these are distinct morphologically, immunologically, and pharmacologically.
Virtual Reality Tremor Reduction in Parkinson's Disease (2020)

Multidisciplinary neurotechnology holds the promise of understanding and non-invasively treating neurodegenerative diseases. In this preclinical trial on Parkinson's disease (PD), we combined neuroscience together with the nascent field of medical virtual reality and generated several important observations. First, we established the Oculus Rift virtual reality system as a potent measurement device for parkinsonian involuntary hand tremors (IHT). Interestingly, we determined changes in rotation were the most sensitive marker of PD IHT. Secondly, we determined parkinsonian tremors can be abolished in VR with algorithms that remove tremors from patients' digital hands. We also found that PD patients were interested in and were readily able to use VR hardware and software. Together these data suggest PD patients can enter VR and be asymptotic of PD IHT. Importantly, VR is an open-medium where patients can perform actions, activities, and functions that positively impact their real lives - for instance, one can sign tax return documents in VR and have them printed on real paper or directly e-sign via internet to government tax agencies. Lastly, we generated a technical framework wherein movements in the real world can be measured side-by-side with those in virtual reality. With this framework, we observed anecdotal evidence of parkinsonian tremors being reduced in real life when our algorithms abolished digital hand tremors in VR.
Synthesis of novel dihydroxydiphosphines and dihydroxydicarboxylic acids having a tetra(thio-1,3-phenylene-2-yl) backbone (2011)

Novel tetradentate PPh2–OH hybrid ligands 5 and CO2H–OH hybrid ligands 6 have been successfully synthesised from tetra(thio-5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene) (2 4 ) by replacing the hydroxy groups at both the 2-position and either the 2′-, 2″- or 2‴-position with diphenylphosphino or carboxy groups, after converting into bistriflates 8; the substitution positions of newly introduced substituents are denoted hereafter by superscript 1,n as 5 1, n . Bistriflates 8 1,3 and 8 1,4 can be readily prepared by the regioselective detriflation of tetrakistriflate 7 with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF), conducted under different conditions. On the other hand, the preparation of bistriflate 8 1,2 requires a four-step process through protection/deprotection. Thus, the silylation of tetraol 2 4 with an excess of 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane gives O,O′- and O″,O‴-disiloxane-1,3-diyl-capped derivative 9. One of the two disiloxane bridges is removed by the treatment with 0.5 mol equiv. of TBAF to give diol 10. Triflation of diol 10, followed by the removal of the remaining disiloxane bridge, affords bistriflate 8 1,2 . Bistriflates 8 are subjected to palladium-catalysed phosphorylation, followed by the reduction of the resulting phosphine oxide 12 1, n to give PPh2–OH hybrid ligands 5 1, n (n = 2–4), while CO2H–OH hybrid ligands 6 1, n (n = 3,4) are obtained from 8 via acetylation of the remaining hydroxy groups, followed by palladium-catalysed methoxycarbonylation of the TfO moieties, and subsequent hydrolysis of the resulting tetraesters 14. X-ray structural analyses of dicarboxylic acids 6 1,3 and 6 1,4 reveal that they form quite different 3D network structures to each other. Interestingly, 6 1,4 constructs a porous channel with a potential for serving as a supramolecular host, by the stacking of its cyclic dimer that is formed by intermolecular hydrogen bondings between the carboxy groups.
3D Multilayer Integration and Packaging on Organic/Paper Low-cost Substrates for RF and Wireless Applications (2007)

In this paper, solutions for developing low-cost 3D multilayer integration and packaging on the organic substrate Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) and the paper substrate have been presented. The key components in RF wireless applications, namely dual band filters, dual-frequency/dual-polarization microstrip antenna arrays and an RFID tag have been designed and fabricated. Test results of the structures show good agreement between the simulation and measurement over their respective bandwidths, demonstrating stable performance of the organic/paper substrates.
Proposal and simulated results of a normally off AlGaN/GaN HFET structure with a charged floating gate (2009)

Abstract A normally off AlGaN/GaN Hetero‐junction Field Effect Transistor (HFET) structure is proposed. Two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of more than 1 × 10 13 cm –2 , which a AlGaN/GaN HFET generally has, can be compensated completely by the negative charge in a floating gate or in a SiO 2 layer on the AlGaN. Computer simulation showed that the threshold voltage was shifted from ‐3 V to ‐15 V with 20 nm SiO 2 layer between the control gate and the AlGaN layer, but it was also shifted to +5V with 5 × 10 13 cm –2 electrons (negative charge) in the middle of the SiO 2 layer (a floating gate) or minus ions in the SiO 2 layer itself. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Platinum, Gold, and Other Metal Chemotherapeutic Agents (1983)

The notion that DNA is the likely target for antitumour platinum complexes will be discussed on the basis of their interaction with nucleic acids in vitro and of their interactions with the DNA of both cells in culture and cells in whole animals. Biochemical studies suggest that interactions with cellular DNA result in an inactivation of the DNA template for DNA replication. Support for these views came from the demonstration that cells could remove DNA bound platinum adducts by an excision repair process that facilitated the recovery of cells from toxic damage.
3D, 3-band, 3-tap temporal lifting for scalable video coding (2004)

Recently, a new generation of video compression techniques gained the interest of the research engineering community, by proposing state-of-the-art compression performance in addition to temporal/spatial/SNR scalability features. They exploit interframe redundancy through a temporal wavelet transform in the motion direction. While classical two-band decompositions offer dyadic factors of scalability, in this paper we present a three-band temporal lifting structure providing a factor 3 of scalability in a motion-compensated subband video coding scheme. More flexibility is thus available in order to adapt the bitstream to the bandwidth variations in heterogeneous networks. We also show improved compression performance compared with a dyadic Haar MCTF analysis.
Water Resources: Agriculture, the Environment, and Society (1997)

This paper analyzes consumption of water by individuals agriculture and energy production by assessing the status of water resources. Furthermore it examines the relationship between water availability and biodiversity. The availability and quality of fresh water has become a major international problem. Limited water resources and inefficient water use combined with a rapidly growing population endanger the worlds finite fresh water supply. In many parts of the world per capita freshwater resources available for food production and for other human needs are declining and are becoming scarce in the arid regions. In fact agricultural productions account for approximately 87% of the worlds freshwater consumption. Moreover most of human activities adversely affect the quality of freshwater resources. Chemical and pathogen pollution of water supplies not only diminishes the quality of water but causes human health problems. Given these scenarios the freshwater problem can be prevented by 1) encouraging conservation and increasing efficiency of irrigation water by eliminating freshwater subsidies and encouraging developments in irrigation technologies; 2) giving farmers incentives to conserve water and soil resources; 3) controlling soil erosion; 4) protecting forests and other biological resources; and 4) preventing water pollution.
Isolation of a Cotton CAP Gene: a Homologue of Adenylyl Cyclase-Associated Protein Highly Expressed during Fiber Elongation (1998)

The cDNA encoding CAP (adenylyl cyclase-associated protein) was isolated from a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber cDNA library. The cDNA (GhCAP) contained an open reading frame that encoded 471 amino acid residues. RNA blot analysis showed that the cotton CAP gene was expressed mainly in young fibers.
JNK and p38 MAP kinases in CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (2003)

The c-Jun aminoterminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways have been associated with cell death, differentiation and proliferation. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have different effector functions after antigen stimulation and control specific aspects of the immune response. The studies carried out in our group indicate that the role of JNK and p38 MAP kinases in CD4+ T cells is different from their role in CD8+ T cells. Moreover, these two pathways are not redundant in either T cell population. We have also shown that p38 MAP kinase regulates early stages of T cell development in the thymus. It is therefore important to consider the specific function of these kinases in each T cell population when pharmacological inhibitors of JNK and p38 MAP kinases are used for therapeutic purposes to control the immune response.
Sur l'enseignement traditionnel de la grammaire grecque (1951)

Mélanges Joseph Hombert
Block copolymer micelles as delivery vehicles of hydrophobic drugs: Micelle–cell interactions (2006)

One-third of drugs in development are water insoluble and one-half fail in trials because of poor pharmacokinetics. Block copolymer micelles are nanosized particles that can solubilize hydrophobic drugs and alter their kinetics in vitro and in vivo. However, block copolymer micelles are not solely passive drug containers that simply solubilize hydrophobic drugs; cells internalize micelles. To facilitate the development of advanced, controlled, micellar drug delivery vehicles, we have to understand the fate of micelles and micelle-incorporated drugs in cells and in vivo. With micelle-based drug formulations recently reaching clinical trials, the impetus for answers is ever so strong and detailed studies of interactions of micelles and cells are starting to emerge. Most notably, the question arises: Is the internalization of block copolymer micelles carrying small molecular weight drugs an undesired side effect or a useful means of improving the effectiveness of the incorporated drugs?