gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous assay of alpha-fetoprotein and free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin by dual-label time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (1993)

We developed a simple, rapid two-step dual-label assay for the noncompetitive determination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG beta) in serum. Monoclonal antibodies to detect AFP and hCG beta were labeled with europium (Eu) and samarium (Sm), respectively. Highly fluorescent chelates were developed by using the Delfia enhancement principle. The detection limits for AFP and hCG beta were approximately 0.02 kIU/L and approximately 0.2 IU/L, respectively. The within-run precision was < 5% over the whole range of AFP (1-500 kIU/L) and hCG beta (1-200 IU/L) concentrations tested. Cross-reaction of intact hCG was < 0.03%. The AFP concentrations determined with the dual-label assay correlated well with those obtained by Delfia AFP single-label kit. The concentrations of hCG beta were in good agreement with recently published data. Storing the serum samples for 24 h or 1 week at room temperature increased the hCG beta concentration by 4% and 26%, respectively. At 35 degrees C this dissociation of hCG increased 30-40-fold. Repeated freezing and thawing had no effect on the hCG beta concentration.
Spectral subband centroids as features for speech recognition (2002)

Cepstral coefficients derived either through linear prediction (LP) analysis or from filter banks are perhaps the most commonly used features in currently available speech recognition systems. We propose spectral subband centroids as new features and use them as supplements to cepstral features for speech recognition. We show that these features have properties similar to formant frequencies and are quite robust to noise. Recognition results are reported in the paper justifying the usefulness of these features as supplementary features.
A Novel Design Method of LCL Type Utility Interface for Three-Phase Voltage Source Rectifier (2006)

LCL type filter becomes more and more attractive as utility interface for grid-connected voltage source rectifier (VSR). Compared to L type filter, LCL type filter can render better switching harmonics attenuation using lower inductance, which makes it suitable for higher power applications. However, LCL filter design is complex and needs to consider many constraints, such as current ripple through inductors, total impedance of the filter, switching harmonic attenuation, resonance phenomenon and reactive power absorbed by filter capacitors, etc. Try-error method is inconvenient and time-consuming. This paper proposes a novel method for LCL type filter design, which makes the task very convenient. At first, the total inductance should be determined according to current ripple requirement. With filter capacitor insertion, total inductance is split into two parts. A set of equations is obtained to represent the relationship between the impedances at switching frequency with consideration of switching harmonic attenuation and reactive power constrains. The other constraints are considered as the limitation for solvability condition for equations. So the overall design can be easily done by solving the equations. Step-by-step design procedure is described as a design example, which is verified on the experimental set-up
Differential effects of a series of hydroxamic acid derivatives on 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase from neutrophils and 12-lipoxygenase from platelets and their in vivo effects on inflammation and anaphylaxis (1989)

The synthesis of a series of novel substituted hydroxamates has been described along with their profile of inhibitory activity against 5-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase enzymes. The structure--activity relationship suggests that future molecules could be designed to specifically inhibit one or more of these enzymes since there were definite differences in structure--activity relationships for these different enzymes. A representative number of these compounds have been tested in vivo and found to possess potent oral activity in a systemic anaphylaxis model mediated by leukotrienes and topical activity in an arachidonic acid induced inflammation model. One of these molecules, compound 20, demonstrated that a leukotriene antagonist pharmacophore can be modified such that it contains both antagonist activity and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity.
Recognition of protozoan parasite antigens by murine T lymphocytes I. Induction of specific T lymphocyte‐dependent proliferative response to <i>Leishmania tropica</i> (1979)

Abstract In order to assess the T cell response to Leishmania tropica in the mouse, a recently described method for the study of T lymphocyte activation by protein antigens has been used. Periaortic and inguinal lymph node cells obtained from mice previously injected at the base of the tail with L. tropica emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant exhibited intense proliferation when cultured in the presence of parasites, as assessed by measuring of [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation. The response was antigenspecific, was demonstrable from 4 to 75 days after in vivo priming and was T cell‐ dependent by the following criteria, (a) treatment of lymph node cells with rabbit anti‐mouse thymus lymphocyte antigen (MTLA) antiserum and complement greatly reduced the magnitude of the response, (b) purified T cells responded as efficiently as unfractionnated lymph node cells provided irradiated normal peritoneal exudate cells were also added to the culture. Finally, normal peritoneal exudate cells pulsed with L. tropica were able to induce a proliferative response of primed T cells in the absence of extracellular parasites. Therefore, this assay provides a reliable method to measure parasite‐induced T cell proliferation and a convenient system to study the nature of the interactions between antigen‐presenting cells and primed T cells in the induction of a specific T cell response to parasite antigens.
Pancreatic Cancer (2013)

Mutations in KRAS-one of the ras family of oncogenes, encoding a GTPase critical to intracellular signal transduction--are more prevalent (80%-95%) in pancreatic cancer than in any other malignancy. There is increasing evidence that stromal cells--including pancreatic stellate cells--play a vital role in development and progression of pancreatic carcinomas. Advances in understanding the underlying biology of tumor-stroma interactions and tumor heterogeneity are critical to guiding rational approaches to designing treatments tailored to targeting KRAS in the stroma-rich microenvironment. Areas of interest in creating novel approaches to therapy include elucidating interactions of KRAS with microRNAs, the role of intratumoral hypoxia, and exploration of diverse modes of intercellular propagation of signals that stimulate malignant invasion and metastasis. This article provides an overview and state-of-the-art update of knowledge regarding pancreatic tumor biology, with a special focus on pancreatic tumor heterogeneity, the role of microRNA-mediated and hypoxic alterations in gene expression and interactions with KRAS, intercellular communication and trafficking, and progress in understanding KRAS as a potential target for pancreatic cancer therapy.
Aerosol production and crystallization of titanium dioxide from metal alkoxide droplets (2001)

In this experimental study, aerosol methods for producing titanium dioxide powders and increasing our knowledge of particle and crystal formation have been developed. Powders and ultrafine particles of titanium oxide were produced by an aerosol droplet decomposition route in tubular laminar flow reactors in air and nitrogen atmospheres. Reactor temperatures up to 1500°C were used with residence times in the range of 1.50 s. Novel methods were introduced for the production of micron sized powders, investigation of crystallization of anatase in the particles, and for studying the formation of crystal phase and morphology on ultrafine particles at different temperatures. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, aerosol measurements by differential mobility analyzer and inertial impactor as well as materials characterization by diffraction and spectroscopic methods were performed. In addition, the production conditions in aerosol reactors were evaluated using computational fluid dynamics calculations. The results showed that titanium dioxide powders can be produced from ultrafine up to micron sized particles via droplet decomposition and in-droplet hydrolysis methods starting from a titanium alkoxide precursor. Crystal phase and crystallite size can be controlled by reactor conditions and by thermal post-annealing. Anatase formation in amorphous particles was observed near surfaces. Investigation of ultrafine particles revealed morphology development of rutile and anatase single crystals. The 60 and 120 nm diameter rutile crystal morphologies development was observed in mobility particle size measurements. The 20 nm diameter anatase particle morphology showed the development of crystallographic {011} and {001} surfaces.
ChemInform Abstract: N(1)‐PHENYL‐3‐METHYL‐5‐PYRAZOLYL ESTERS OF POSSIBLE VALUE IN PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS (1975)

Abstract Die Ester (Ic)‐(Ie) werden aus dem Alkohol (Ia) mit AgNO 3 über das Ag‐Salz (Ib) mit den entsprechenden Säurechloriden erhalten.
Treatment with Recombinant Interferon-Alpha-2C: Multiple Myeloma and Thrombocythaemia in Myeloproliferative Diseases (1985)

Forty-two patients with multiple myeloma were allocated to two groups to receive either polychemotherapy with vincristine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone, or recombinant interferon-alpha 2C monotherapy. The response rate of 43% in the interferon group was significantly lower than that in the chemotherapy group (89%). Patients with stage I disease showed better response rates than those with stage II or stage III disease. Eleven patients with thrombocythaemia due to polycythaemia vera, chronic myeloid leukaemia or essential thrombocythaemia were treated with recombinant interferon-alpha 2C and complete remissions were achieved in 7 of the 8 evaluable patients. Side-effects were common on interferon therapy, but could be reduced by dose reduction and were reversed by cessation of treatment.
Bis(4-monosubstituted-5(4H)oxazolinones) as coupling agents for block copolymer synthesis: reaction with hydroxy-terminated oligomers (1998)

The bulk chain-coupling reactions between hydroxy-terminated poly(oxytetramethylene), poly(oxyethylene), or poly(ε-caprolactone) and several bis(4-monosubstituted-5(4H)oxazolinones) were studied. The polyaddition reaction proceeds rapidly and without side reactions when a catalytic amount of Ti(OBu)4 is used in the case of poly(oxytetramethylene) or poly(ε-caprolactone). On the other hand, the efficiency of the chain extension was much lower in the case of poly(oxyethylene). An explanation involving the coordination of poly(oxyethylene) oxygen atoms at the active sites of tetrabutoxytitanium is put forward. High molar mass block copolymers were synthesized by the chain-coupling reaction of mixtures of α,ω-dihydroxy-poly(oxytetramethylene) and -poly(ε-caprolactone) with bis(oxazolinones). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study of the block copolymers revealed the existence of a microphase separation between the two blocks when the starting polymers have Mn ≥ 1000. For lower molar mass polymers amorphous products were obtained.
Nucleosides And Oligonucleotides With Diynyl Side Chains: The Huisgen-Sharpless Cycloaddition “Click Reaction” Performed On Dna And Their Constituents (2007)

Phosphoramidite building blocks related to the four canonical DNA constituents and oligonucleotides with octadiynyl side chains (5b-8b) or dipropargyl ether residues (5c) were synthesized. Nucleosides and oligonucleotides were functionalized at the terminal triple bonds employing the Huisgen-Sharpless cycloaddition "click reaction."
Water and bottom properties of a coastal environment derived from Hyperion data measured from the EO-1 spacecraft platform (2007)

Hyperion is a hyperspectral sensor on board NASA's EO-1 satellite with a spatial resolution of approximately 30 m and a swath width of about 7 km. It was originally designed for land applications, but its unique spectral configuration (430 nm - 2400 nm with a ~10 nm spectral resolution) and high spatial resolution make it attractive for studying complex coastal ecosystems, which require such a sensor for accurate retrieval of environmental properties. In this paper, Hyperion data over an area of the Florida Keys is used to develop and test algorithms for atmospheric correction and for retrieval of subsurface properties. Remote-sensing reflectance derived from Hyperion data is compared with those from in situ measurements. Furthermore, water's absorption coefficients and bathymetry derived from Hyperion imagery are compared with sample measurements and LIDAR survey, respectively. For a depth range of ~ 1 - 25 m, the Hyperion bathymetry match LIDAR data very well (~11% average error); while the absorption coefficients differ by ~16.5% (in a range of 0.04 - 0.7 m-1 for wavelengths of 410, 440, 490, 510, and 530 nm) on average. More importantly, in this top-to-bottom processing of Hyperion imagery, there is no use of any a priori or ground truth information. The results demonstrate the usefulness of such space-borne hyperspectral data and the techniques developed for effective and repetitive observation of complex coastal regions.
The Sonochemical Reduction of Cytochrome c and Its Inhibition by Superoxide Dismutase (1972)

Abstract Superoxide radical, generated by ultrasonication of buffered aerated aqueous solutions, was detected by its ability to cause the reduction of ferricytochrome c. The rate of reduction of cytochrome c was enhanced by scavengers of hydroxyl radicals, such as formate, and was inhibited by the biological scavenger of superoxide radicals, i.e. superoxide dismutase. Raising the ionic strength of the solutions, subjected to ultrasound, caused an additive and progressive appearance of a superoxide dismutase-insensitive reduction of cytochrome c. It appears that superoxide radicals, generated within the sonically created cavities, can reduce cytochrome c in the solution by two routes. One is independent of ionic strength and can be intercepted by superoxide dismutase, whereas the other, which becomes quantitatively significant as the ionic strength is raised, cannot be interfered with by superoxide dismutase.
A Generic Anonymization Framework for Network Traffic (2006)

Lack of trust is one of the main reasons for the limited cooperation between different organizations. The privacy of users is of paramount importance to administrators and organizations, which are reluctant to cooperate between each other and exchange network traffic traces. The main reasons behind reluctance to exchange monitored data are the protection of the users' privacy and the fear of information leakage about the internal infrastructure. Anonymization is the technique to overcome this reluctance and enhance the cooperation between different organizations with the smooth exchange of monitored data. Today, several organizations provide network traffic traces that are anonymized by software utilities or ad-hoc solutions that offer limited flexibility. The result of this approach is the creation of unrealistic traces, inappropriate for use in evaluation experiments. Furthermore, the need for fast on-line anonymization has recently emerged as cooperative defense mechanisms have to share network traffic. Our effort focuses on the design and implementation of a generic and flexible anonymization framework that provides extended functionality, covering multiple aspects of anonymization needs and allowing fine-tuning of privacy protection level. The proposed framework is composed by an anonymization application programming interface (AAPI). The performance results show that AAPI outperforms existing tools, while offering significantly more anonymization primitives.
Fast and Service-preserving Recovery from Malware Infections using CRIU (2018)

Once a computer system has been infected with malware, restoring it to an uninfected state often requires costly service-interrupting actions such as rolling back to a stable snapshot or reimaging the system entirely. We present CRIU-MR: a technique for restoring an infected server system running within a Linux container to an uninfected state in a service-preserving manner using Checkpoint/Restore in Userspace (CRIU). We modify the CRIU source code to flexibly integrate with existing malware detection technologies so that it can remove suspected malware processes within a Linux container during a checkpoint/restore event. This allows for infected containers with a potentially damaged filesystem to be checkpointed and subsequently restored on a fresh backup filesystem while both removing malware processes and preserving the state of trusted ones. This method can be quickly performed with minimal impact on service availability, restoring active TCP connections and completely removing several types of malware from infected Linux containers.
Both N- and C-terminal regions of the bioactive N-terminal fragment of the neutrophil granule bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein are required for stability and function (1996)

An N-terminal fragment (residues 1-199) of the 456-residue human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), isolated after limited proteolysis, exhibits antibacterial and LPS-neutralizing activities equal to or greater than those of holo-BPI. To assess minimal structural requirements for bioactivity, mutant species of BPI were expressed in vivo by transient transfection and in vitro by cellfree transcription/translation. BPI1-456 and BPI1-193 demonstrated the expected antibacterial and LPS-binding activities. Deletion of the N-terminal 12 residues did not diminish BPI function. However, further truncation either from the C-terminus to residue 169 (BPI1-169) or from the N-terminus (BPIdelta15-56) yielded in vitro products with little or no LPS-binding activity and in vivo products that could not be recovered from the culture medium or cellular acid extracts. The possible role of cysteine-175 (the three cysteines in human BPI are at residues 132, 135, and 175) in BPI stability/function was examined by substitution of Cys(175) with serine. Recovery of C175S BPI from extracellular medium was reduced 10-fold, and C175S BPI produced in vitro had little LPS-binding activity. Compared with wild-type holo-BPI and BPI1-193, BPI1-169, BPIdelta15-56, and C175S BPI showed increased susceptibility to cleavage by elastase in the region 1-193 (but not in the region 200-456), indicating conformational changes that may account for the loss of function. These findings suggest that the proteolytic N-terminal fragment of BPI corresponds closely to the minimum functional (antibacterial/anti-LPS) domain of BPI and that residues near both ends of this fragment are essential for structural stability and functional integrity.
Capacity planning for development wafer fab expansion (2002)

The simulation model described offers many different opportunities for increasing understanding of a development wafer fab. The results of simulation runs must be analyzed with an understanding of the effect of randomness on the model. Multiple random number runs might be required to confirm a model result. Simulation models can account for dynamic interactions between wafers, tools and operators. The variety of statistics can be used to better understand and interpret the model results. Simulation provides the benefit of experimenting with the fab without buying equipment. In the case of Fujitsu, production volumes were increasing. The model provided information on staffing requirements and new tool acquisitions required to support higher levels of production.
Reactions of glyoxals with hydrazones: a new route to 4-hydroxypyrazoles (1985)

N-Substituted hydrazones of aldehydes react with glyoxals under non-aqueous conditions to give N-substituted 4-hydroxypyrazoles; fourteen such products are described. In the presence of water, N-substituted 3-acyl-4-hydroxypyrazoles are produced from 2-oxoaldehyde hydrazones and glyoxals. It is shown that glyoxals combine in a 1:1 ratio with N-monosubstituted hydrazines to give 2-hydrazonoaldehydes as the kinetically controlled products. At room temperature or lower, these hydrazonoaldehydes rearrange to the more stable 2-oxoaldehyde hydrazones and react with glyoxals to give N-substituted 3-acyl-4-hydroxypyrazoles; sixteen such products are described. This synthesis, involving easily accessible starting materials, opens up a new, and for certain derivatives exclusive, route to 4-hydroxypyrazoles.
Offline application of the fixed-frequency clamped-mode series resonant converter (1991)

The performance of the clamped-mode series resonant converters (CMSRC) is studied for an offline application. The CMSRC has the advantage of fixed-frequency operation, resulting in an easier design of magnetic components for resonant tank and filtering. Two prototypes were designed and tested experimentally, one to operate below resonant frequency (mode B) and the other to operate above resonant frequency (mode A). The efficiency is mainly determined by the rectifier losses and the switching losses. Where mode-B operation is implemented (below resonant frequency), the recovery of the diodes greatly increases the turn-on losses of the devices. The operation mode with four switches turned on at zero voltage, mode A' at above resonant frequency, shows better efficiency. Therefore, if higher frequencies of operation are desired, mode A' is the better choice among the four modes of operation discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SIP server performance on multicore systems (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper evaluates the performance of a popular open-source Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) server on three different multicore architectures. We examine the baseline performance and introduce three analysis-driven optimizations that involve increasing the number of slots in hash tables, an in-memory database for user authentication information, and incremental garbage collection for user location information. Wider hash tables reduce the search time and improve multicore scalability by reducing lock contention. The in-memory database reduces interprocess communication and locking. Incremental garbage collection smooths out peaks of both central processing unit and shared memory utilization, eliminating bursts of failed SIP interactions and reducing lock contention on the shared memory segment. Each optimization affects single-core performance and multicore scalability in different ways. The overall result is an improvement in absolute performance on eight cores by a factor of 16 and a doubling of multicore scalability. Results somewhat vary across architectures but follow similar trends, indicating the generality of these optimizations. </para>
4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐pieohne (1977)

Abstract The preparation of 4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐pieoline (3) was accomplished in one step by the Zecher‐Krohnke ring‐closure reaction. Compound 3 is the starling material for 2‐lormyl‐4‐(3‐arninophenyl)pyridine thiosemicarbazone (4‐APPT), a promising antineoplastie agent.