gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Modification Strategies for Synthesis of Protein-Based Hydrogel (1996)

A soy protein-based hydrogel capable of imbibing a large amount of water was synthesized by first modifying the lysyl residues of soy protein isolate (SPI) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD) followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Modification of SPI with EDTAD at pH 9 resulted in polymerization involving intramolecular cross-linking of soy 11S and 7S globulin, which decreased the number of carboxyl moieties introduced per lysyl residue and impaired the swellability of the hydrogel. Pretreatment of SPI involving heating for 30 min at 65 °C and pH 12.0 followed by modification with EDTAD at 25 °C/pH 12 did not result in polymerization and, under these conditions, about 3.3 carboxyl moieties/lysyl residue were incorporated into the protein. The hydrogel prepared under these conditions was able to absorb more than 105 g of water/g of dry gel. The structural changes in SPI caused by the modification and its relevance to swelling properties of the gel are discussed. Keywords: Chemical modification; protein; hydrogel; soy protein
Genetics of the red cell membrane skeleton. (1990)

The molecular basis of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and elliptocytosis (HE) remained an enigma until the beginning of the last decade. In 1968, the first skeletal protein, spectrin, was identified, a discovery that has opened an intense effort resulting in a detailed molecular characterization of the membrane skeleton of human erythrocytes
944. Complex-forming agents similar to 2,2′-bipyridyl. Part I. Some ligands containing imidazole (1961)

F. Holmes, K. M. Jones and E. G. Torrible, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 4790 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610004790
Eos, an environment for object-based systems (1992)

Complex data-intensive application domains require a programming environment that should be both more productive and more efficient than the traditional approaches. This translates into three major requirements: efficient support for complex, persistent objects and collections; distribution transparency with control over parallelism; and transaction management. The authors present the design of Eos which aims at reducing the chronic mismatch between programming languages and database systems and avoiding the traditional redundancy between operating systems and database systems services. The main contributions of Eos are support for: uniform, distributed object management; safe object sharing with distributed, low-overhead garbage collection; and high-level mechanisms for dynamic object grouping and computation placement. Eos is currently being implemented on a network of Sun 3/60/sub s/ running Mach 3.0.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Organic acid acidification of high salt solutions in determination of metals by atomic absorption spectrometry (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic acid acidification of high salt solutions in determination of metals by atomic absorption spectrometryEmmett G. Gooch and Paula R. RoupeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 14, 2410–2412Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50050a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50050a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluating the usability of usage controls in electronic collaboration (2008)

Currently, collaborations often require non-disclosure agreements (NDAs). NDAs can be time-consuming and expensive to negotiate and enforce. Usage controls could be an atractive alternative or adjunct to NDAs. Usage controls enable the distributor of a file to limit how recipients of that file may use it. However, existing usage controls (e.g., PDF's) often are software-based and easy to break. They may not interoperate, and their impact on collaborative workflows is typically unknown. We designed and implemented operating system and Web server and browser modifications that allow hardware-based usage controls to be easily added to existing software-based ones. This paper describes and evaluates our system's user interfaces. In a user study, untrained users role-played design engineers in two similar collaborative scenarios with or without usage controls. Users found the interfaces easy to use, and usage controls had insignificant impact on the completion times and accuracy of the assigned tasks. These results suggest that our usage control approach can add security to collaborative workflows with minimal training and performance penalties.
Human smooth muscle VLA-1 integrin: purification, substrate specificity, localization in aorta, and expression during development. (1990)

A membrane glycoprotein complex was isolated and purified from human smooth muscle by detergent solubilization and affinity chromatography on collagen-Sepharose. The complex was identified as VLA-1 integrin and consisted of two subunits of 195 and 130 kD in SDS-PAGE. Liposomes containing the VLA-1 integrin adhered to surfaces coated with type I, II, III, and IV collagens, Clq subcomponent of the first component of the complement, and laminin. The liposomes specifically adhered to these proteins in a Ca2+, Mg2(+)-dependent manner, but did not bind to gelatin, fibronectin, and thrombospondin substrates. The expression of VLA-1 integrin in different human tissues and cell types, and during aorta smooth muscle development was studied by SDS-PAGE, and subsequent quantitative immunoblotting was performed with antibodies recognizing alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits of the VLA-1 integrin. A high level of VLA-1 integrin expression was an exceptional feature of smooth muscles. Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, striated muscles, and platelets contained trace amounts of VLA-1 integrin. In the 10-wk-old human fetal aorta, VLA-1 integrin was found only in smooth muscle cells whereas mesenchymal cells, surrounding aortic smooth muscle cells, were VLA-1 integrin negative. By the 24th wk of gestation, the amount of VLA-1 integrin was significantly reduced in the aortic media (4.3-fold for alpha 1 subunit and 2.5-fold for beta 1 subunit) compared with that in the 10-wk-old aortic smooth muscle cells. After birth, the expression of VLA-1 integrin increased and in the 1.5-yr-old child aorta the VLA-1 integrin level was almost the same as in adult aortic media. Smooth muscle cells from intimal thickening of adult aorta express five times less alpha 1 subunit of VLA integrin that smooth muscle cells from adult aortic media. In primary culture of aortic smooth muscle cells, the content of the VLA-1 integrin was dramatically reduced and subcultured cells did not contain VLA-1 integrin at all.
Serum Calcification Propensity Predicts All-Cause Mortality in Predialysis CKD (2013)

Medial arterial calcification is accelerated in patients with CKD and strongly associated with increased arterial rigidity and cardiovascular mortality. Recently, a novel in vitro blood test that provides an overall measure of calcification propensity by monitoring the maturation time (T50) of calciprotein particles in serum was described. We used this test to measure serum T50 in a prospective cohort of 184 patients with stages 3 and 4 CKD, with a median of 5.3 years of follow-up. At baseline, the major determinants of serum calcification propensity included higher serum phosphate, ionized calcium, increased bone osteoclastic activity, and lower free fetuin-A, plasma pyrophosphate, and albumin concentrations, which accounted for 49% of the variation in this parameter. Increased serum calcification propensity at baseline independently associated with aortic pulse wave velocity in the complete cohort and progressive aortic stiffening over 30 months in a subgroup of 93 patients. After adjustment for demographic, renal, cardiovascular, and biochemical covariates, including serum phosphate, risk of death among patients in the lowest T50 tertile was more than two times the risk among patients in the highest T50 tertile (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.4; P=0.04). This effect was lost, however, after additional adjustment for aortic stiffness, suggesting a shared causal pathway. Longitudinally, serum calcification propensity measurements remained temporally stable (intraclass correlation=0.81). These results suggest that serum T50 may be helpful as a biomarker in designing methods to improve defenses against vascular calcification.
Trehalose Glycopolymers as Excipients for Protein Stabilization (2013)

Herein, the synthesis of four different trehalose glycopolymers and investigation of their ability to stabilize proteins to heat and lyophilization stress are described. The disaccharide, α,α-trehalose, was modified with a styrenyl acetal, methacrylate acetal, styrenyl ether, or methacrylate moiety resulting in four different monomers. These monomers were then separately polymerized using free radical polymerization with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator to synthesize the glycopolymers. Horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase were incubated at 70 and 50 °C, respectively, and β-galactosidase was lyophilized multiple times in the presence of various ratios of the polymers or trehalose. The protein activities were subsequently tested and found to be significantly higher when the polymers were present during the stress compared to no additive and to equivalent amounts of trehalose. Different molecular weights (10 kDa, 20 kDa, and 40 kDa) were tested, and all were equivalent in their stabilization ability. However, some subtle differences were observed regarding stabilization ability between the different polymer samples, depending on the stress. Small molecules such as benzyl ether trehalose were not better stabilizers than trehalose, and the trehalose monomer decreased protein activity, suggesting that hydrophobized trehalose was not sufficient and that the polymeric structure was required. In addition, cytotoxicity studies with NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were conducted with polymer concentrations up to 8 mg/mL. The data showed that all four polymers were noncytotoxic for all tested concentrations. The results together suggest that trehalose glycopolymers are promising as additives to protect proteins from a variety of stressors.
An analytic approach for quantifying the value of e-business initiatives (2003)

We describe an IBM strategic consulting offering involving a methodology and an analytic tool. The methodology, the Risk and Opportunity Assessment, provides a systematic approach for diagnosing problems in the value chain of the enterprise, and for selecting and prioritizing e-business initiatives. Applying this methodology involves the use of an analytic tool, the Value Chain Modeling Tool, that uses management science and operations research techniques, as well as techniques from the domains of finance and supply chain management, to model the end-to-end value chain of the enterprise. This approach has been successfully used to improve the financial and operating performance of several enterprises.
A novel approach to the interpretation and prediction of solvent effects in the synthesis of macroporous polymers (2007)

Abstract A trivariate interpolation technique, the modified Shepard's method, was applied for the first time to explain and predict various properties of macroporous polymers from the Hansen solubility parameters of the porogens employed for polymerization. Highly crosslinked polymers and copolymers were prepared from ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and methacrylic acid by free‐radical polymerization with 30 different porogenic solvents. Instead of the spherical model used by Hansen, detailed three‐dimensional maps were computed to represent the measured properties in a δ d –δ p –δ h diagram (where δ d , δ p , and δ h are the Hansen solubility parameters according to the three types of bonding forces: dispersion, polar, and hydrogen‐bonding, respectively). This method was able to detect unapparent correlations between the different polymer properties, thus providing a better understanding of the pore‐formation process. An important finding was the crucial role of the initiator solubility and its partitioning between the solution and the polymer surface, which proved to be key factors for the explanation of many contradictory solvent effects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Qualitative Changes Accompany Memory T Cell Generation: Faster, More Effective Responses at Lower Doses of Antigen (2000)

The generation of memory T cells is critically important for rapid clearance and neutralization of pathogens encountered previously by the immune system. We have studied the kinetics of response and Ag dose requirements for proliferation and cytokine secretion of CD4+ memory T cells to examine whether there are qualitative changes which might lead to improved immunity. TCR Tg CD4+ T cells were primed in vitro and transferred into T cell-deficient hosts. After 6 or more weeks, the persisting T cells were exclusively small resting cells with a memory phenotype: CD44high CD62L+/- CD25-. Memory CD4 T cells showed a similar pattern of response as naive cells to peptide analogues with similar Ag dose requirements for IL-2 secretion. However, memory cells (derived from both Th2 and Th1 effectors) displayed faster kinetics of cytokine secretion, cell division, and proliferation, enhanced proliferation in response to low doses of Ag or peptide analogues, and production of IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma. These results suggest there is a much more efficient response of CD4 memory T cells to Ag re-exposure and that the expanded functional capacity of memory cells will promote a rapid development of effector functions, providing more rapid and effective immunity.
980 nm pump laser module with 750 mW output power (2007)

A new generation 980 nm pump laser module with a fiber output power more than 750 mW is presented. The module uses our generation-08 (G08) pump laser chip, which is designed for high output power and high reliability. The pump laser is stabilized by a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). A special thermo-electric cooler (TEC) is built into the package in order to enable operation of the device at high laser output powers.
A Novel Approach to Recycle Energy Using Piezoelectric Crystals (2011)

with the increasing demand for utilization of energy resources, there has been a deflation in the availability of resources and there have been many methods of recycling of energy resources .It is our responsibility to ensure that we do not deplete all the energy resources leaving our future generations facing dangerous hazards. Our paper is one such attempt to reduce that burden. The method being employed by us is a new concept, which not only utilizes the principle of piezoelectricity to harvest energy but it also employs pyroelectric crystals and microcontroller to create a kind of feedback, with a battery getting charged automatically ,till it becomes fully charged. With piezo electric crystals it is possible to harvest energy from vibrating structures.Pyroelectric effect occurs when change in temperature causes flow of charges. These two effects are used to charge the various components being used in this experiment while remaining energy is being used to charge the battery. Our model aims to create a cyclic flow of energy, thus ensuring very less or no wastage of energy.
Abstract 1281: Endothelial cells promote the cancer stem cell phenotype of human colorectal cancer cells (2010)

Abstract Background: Cancer stem cells (CSC), which possess the properties of self-renewal, multi-potential differentiation and tumor initiation, can arise either from normal stem cells or due to the influence of the tumor micro-environment. This study was done to determine the potential role of endothelial cell (EC) derived paracrine factors on promoting the CSC phenotype in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods: RFP-labeled human CRC cells HCT116 were co-cultured with RF24 ECs (immortalized HUVECs) under low serum conditions. After FAC-sorting for the CRC cells, the CSC population was analyzed by 1) the Aldefluor assay, 2) sphere forming ability, and 3) Western blot analysis for the CSC markers CD133 and CD44. In addition, low serum condition media obtained from either ECs or parental CRC cells (control), was added to CRC cells to determine its effect on the CSC phenotype. In order to characterize the apoptotic effect of EC derived factors on CRC cells, we performed Annexin V staining by FACS, PARP cleavage, Caspase 3 cleavage, and Bcl2 levels by Western blotting. Using MTT assay, we determined the effect of EC derived factors on chemo-sensitivity of CRC cells exposed to 5-FU. Results: Co-culturing of CRC cells with ECs markedly increased the ALDH-positive population from 5% to 18%, and the sphere forming ability by more than 4-fold in CRC cells. In addition, CRC cells also displayed increased CD133 (6-fold) and CD44 (4-fold) protein levels. Furthermore, this effect could be mimicked simply by co-culturing CRC cells with conditioned media obtained from ECs. Similarly, treatment of CRC cells with conditioned medium from ECs significantly increased the ALDH-positive population from 4% to 8%, sphere forming ability &gt;3-fold, and the expression of CD133 (7-fold) and CD44 (6-fold). Conditioned medium from ECs, concomitantly decreased spontaneous apoptosis in CRC cells as demonstrated by a 3-fold decrease in Annexin V-positive population (21% to 7%), down-regulation of cleaved PARP and Caspase 3, and up-regulation of Bcl2. CRC cells exposed to EC conditioned medium also displayed decreased sensitivity to 5-FU [&gt;10-fold increase of the IC50 from 2.0 μg/ml to 22.3 μg/ml (p&lt;0.05)]. Conclusions: Exposure of CRCs to ECs increased CSC properties, and decreased spontaneous apoptosis. Since, this effect can also be mimicked by the conditioned media, additional experiments to identify and validate the soluble factors that mediate this effect are in progress. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1281.
An Expansin Gene Expressed in Ripening Strawberry Fruit (1999)

Tissue softening accompanies the ripening of many fruit and initiates the processes of irreversible deterioration. Expansins are plant cell wall proteins proposed to disrupt hydrogen bonds within the cell wall polymer matrix. Expression of specific expansin genes has been observed in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) meristems, expanding tissues, and ripening fruit. It has been proposed that a tomato ripening-regulated expansin might contribute to cell wall polymer disassembly and fruit softening by increasing the accessibility of specific cell wall polymers to hydrolase action. To assess whether ripening-regulated expansins are present in all ripening fruit, we examined expansin gene expression in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Strawberry differs significantly from tomato in that the fruit is derived from receptacle rather than ovary tissue and strawberry is non-climacteric. A full-length cDNA encoding a ripening-regulated expansin, FaExp2, was isolated from strawberry fruit. The deduced amino acid sequence of FaExp2 is most closely related to an expansin expressed in early tomato development and to expansins expressed in apricot fruit rather than the previously identified tomato ripening-regulated expansin, LeExp1. Nearly all previously identified ripening-regulated genes in strawberry are negatively regulated by auxin. Surprisingly, FaExp2 expression was largely unaffected by auxin. Overall, our results suggest that expansins are a common component of ripening and that non-climacteric signals other than auxin may coordinate the onset of ripening in strawberry.
VECSEL gain characterization (2012)

We present the first full gain characterization of two vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) gain chips with similar designs operating in the 960-nm wavelength regime. We optically pump the structures with continuous-wave (cw) 808-nm radiation and measure the nonlinear reflectivity for 130-fs and 1.4-ps probe pulses as function of probe pulse fluence, pump power, and heat sink temperature. With this technique we are able to measure the saturation behavior for VECSEL gain chips for the first time. The characterization with 1.4-ps pulses resulted in saturation fluences of 40-80 μJ/cm2, while probing with 130-fs pulses yields reduced saturation fluences of 30-50 μJ/cm2 for both structures. For both pulse durations this is lower than previously assumed. A small-signal gain of up to 5% is obtained with this technique. Furthermore, in a second measurement setup, we characterize the spectral dependence of the gain using a tunable cw probe beam. We measure a gain bandwidth of over 26 nm for both structures, full width at half maximum.
Deficiency in neuronal TGF-β signaling promotes neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s pathology (2006)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and cerebral accumulation of the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta), but it is unknown what makes neurons susceptible to degeneration. We report that the TGF-beta type II receptor (TbetaRII) is mainly expressed by neurons, and that TbetaRII levels are reduced in human AD brain and correlate with pathological hallmarks of the disease. Reducing neuronal TGF-beta signaling in mice resulted in age-dependent neurodegeneration and promoted Abeta accumulation and dendritic loss in a mouse model of AD. In cultured cells, reduced TGF-beta signaling caused neuronal degeneration and resulted in increased levels of secreted Abeta and beta-secretase-cleaved soluble amyloid precursor protein. These results show that reduced neuronal TGF-beta signaling increases age-dependent neurodegeneration and AD-like disease in vivo. Increasing neuronal TGF-beta signaling may thus reduce neurodegeneration and be beneficial in AD.
Hypermedia and the study of ancient culture (1991)

The author discusses how hypermedia databases can facilitate the study of ancient cultures, where evidence ranges from literary texts to archaeological sites to individual objects, by allowing fluid movement among disparate data. The Perseus Project, which set out to collect as many kinds of data as possible from the earliest period of Greek civilization, is described. The Perseus Project is both an exploration of a culture and a case study in how to represent culture in a hypermedia environment. It also probes the strengths and weaknesses of the new medium. One experiment under way within the Perseus Project, involving the hypermedia representation of Greek art, is examined in detail to show the advantages of the hypermedia approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>