gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Communication performance in a hierarchical bus system (2003)

An analysis is presented of a new bus structure, called the hierarchical bus structure. An exact analytical model of a two-level hierarchical bus is developed. The results from both the analytical model and simulation are shown. They indicate that a hierarchical bus would be a more cost-effective bus structure than the conventional multiple-bus and partial-multiple-bus structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Localization of juvenile, but not late-infantile, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis on chromosome 16. (1993)

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the deposition of autofluorescent proteinaceous fingerprint or curvilinear bodies. We have found that CLN3, the gene underlying the juvenile form of NCL, is very tightly linked to the dinucleotide repeat marker D16S285 on chromosome 16. Integration of D16S285 into the genetic map of chromosome 16 by using the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain panel of reference pedigrees yielded a favored marker order in the CLN3 region of qtel-D16S150-.08-D16S285-.04-D16S148-.02-D16S 67-ptel. The most likely location of the disease gene, near D16S285 in the D16S150-D16S148 interval, was favored by odds of greater than 10(4):1 over the adjacent D16S148-D16S67 interval, which was recently reported as the minimum candidate region. Analysis of D16S285 in pedigrees with late-infantile NCL virtually excluded the CLN3 region, suggesting that these two forms of NCL are genetically distinct.
2- and 3-Substituted 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives as Subversive Substrates of Trypanothione Reductase and Lipoamide Dehydrogenase from <i>Trypanosoma</i> <i>c</i><i>ruzi</i>:  Synthesis and Correlation between Redox Cycling Activities and in Vitro Cytotoxicity (2001)

Trypanothione reductase (TR) is both a valid and an attractive target for the design of new trypanocidal drugs. Starting from menadione, plumbagin, and juglone, three distinct series of 1,4-naphthoquinones (NQ) were synthesized as potential inhibitors of TR from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcTR). The three parent molecules were functionalized at carbons 2 and/or 3 by various polyamine chains. Optimization of TcTR inhibition and TcTR specificity versus human disulfide reductases was achieved with the 3,3'-[polyaminobis(carbonylalkyl)]bis(1,4-NQ) series 19-20, in which an optimum chain length was determined for inhibition of the trypanothione disulfide reduction. The most active derivatives against trypanosomes in cultures were also studied as subversive substrates of TcTR and lipoamide dehydrogenase (TcLipDH). The activities were measured by following NAD(P)H oxidation as well as coupling the reactions to the reduction of cytochrome c which permits the detection of one-electron transfer. For TcTR, 20(4-c) proved to be a potent subversive substrate and an effective uncompetitive inhibitor versus trypanothione disulfide and NADPH. Molecular modeling studies based on the known X-ray structures of TcTR and hGR were conducted in order to compare the structural features, dimensions, and accessibility of the cavity at the dimer interface of TcTR with that of hGR, as one of the putative NQ binding sites. TcLipDH reduced the plumbagin derivatives by an order of magnitude faster than the corresponding menadione derivatives. Such differences were not observed with the pig heart enzyme. The most efficient and specific subversive substrates of TcTR and TcLipDH exhibited potent antitrypanosomal activity in in vitro T. brucei and T. cruzi cultures. The results obtained here confirm that reduction of NQs by parasitic flavoenzymes is a promising strategy for the development of new trypanocidal drugs.
A radiochemical assay for glutamine synthetase, and activity of the enzyme in rat tissues (1970)

1. A radiochemical assay for glutamine synthetase has been developed in which an ATP-regenerating system is incorporated to prevent accumulation of inhibitory amounts of ADP. It is particularly suitable for assay of the enzyme in crude tissue extracts containing high adenosine triphosphatase activity. 2. A survey of the distribution of the enzyme in tissues from normal male rats showed that activity is present in liver, brain cortex, kidney cortex, spleen, testis and retina. 3. The K(m) of the enzyme for l-glutamate is approx. 1.5x10(-2)m.
Household aluminum foil matte and bright side reflectivity measurements: Application to a photobioreactor light concentrator design (2019)

This work reports the design of a light concentrator intended to be used to cast uniform lighting over a photobioreactor. Household aluminum foils was chosen as reflective material to build the concentrator. This choice raised the question of which side to use. Thus measurements of household aluminum foil reflectivity spectra on both bright and matte sides were undergone. These measurements were done using an integrating sphere, over a 250-2500 nm range. Diffuse and total reflectivities were acquired, for two samples each time. The obtained results are very repeatable and in good agreement with literature on rolled aluminum sheets, for the bright side at least, as matte side data were not found. Specular reflectivity is higher for the bright side while diffuse reflectivity is higher for the matte one. Furthermore, both sides of the foil have the same total reflectivity, around 86 % in the visible range of the spectrum, 97% in the near infrared. Our measurements are readability usable and available as supplementary materials. Finally, we applied these findings to the in silico design of lab scale light concentrator illuminating a new photobioreactor. A modified version of the raytracing software Soltrace was used to determine which of the two sides of our household aluminum foil was be best suited for our application.
tRNALys3: The Primer tRNA for Reverse Transcription in HIV‐1 (2002)

During the assembly of HIV-1, tRNA(Lys) isoacceptors are selectively packaged into the virion, and one of these, tRNA(Lys3), is annealed to the viral RNA genome where it acts to prime the reverse transcriptase (RT)-catalyzed synthesis of viral DNA. We review herein what is known about the selective packaging and annealing of primer tRNA(Lys3). Current evidence suggests that a complex of two major precursor viral proteins, Pr55gag and Pr160(gag-pol), interact with a tRNA(Lys)/lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) complex during viral assembly, with Pr55gag interacting with both LysRS and Pr160(gag-pol), and RT sequences within Pr160(gag-pol) binding to tRNA(Lys). LysRS appears to target the tRNA(Lys) isoacceptors for incorporation into HIV-1. In the virion, the 3' terminal 18 nucleotides of tRNA(Lys3) anneals to an 18-nucleotide sequence at the 5' terminal region of viral RNA termed the primer binding site (PBS). Evidence is presented that other regions on the tRNA(Lys3) also anneal with other regions in viral RNA upstream of the PBS, resulting in a destabilized tRNA(Lys3) structure. Both viral and tRNA(Lys3) regions need to be denatured to establish annealing, and the roles of both viral and cellular proteins in this process are discussed.
Impact of different doses of iodine intake on expressions of TSHR mRNA and NIS protein in rats (2012)

Objective:To observe the influence of different doses of iodine intake on the expressions of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor(TSHR) mRNA and sodium/iodide symporter(NIS) protein in thyroid tissue of rats. Methods:Thirty-six SD rats were equally randomized into low iodine group,normal iodine group and high iodine group.Half of the number of rats of each group were sacrificed at the end of 4 and 8 weeks,respectively.The expressions of TSHR mRNA and NIS protein in the rats' thyroid tissues were determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining,respectively. Results:Compared with the normal iodine group at the end of 4 weeks of the experiment,the TSHR mRNA expression level in low iodine group significantly increased(P0.05),and slightly decreased in high iodine group but the difference had no statistical significance(P0.05);the NIS protein expression in low iodine group increased to some extend and somewhat decreased in high iodine group,but both differences reached no statistical significance(both P0.05).Compared with the normal iodine group at the end of 8 weeks,the expressions of TSHR mRNA and NIS protein in both the low iodine and high iodine group were significantly reduced(both P0.05),in which the NIS expression levels dropped to 44.03% and 56.12% of what they had reached at the end of 4 weeks,respectively(both P0.05). Conclusion:In either iodine-excessive or iodine-deficient conditions,the long-term iodine disorder can decrease NIS expression,which is possibly mediated by the alterations of the TSH-TSHR signaling activity.
Epitope mapping of anti-PR3 antibodies using chimeric human/mouse PR3 recombinant proteins (2003)

Autoantibodies against proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (ANCA = anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) are used as diagnostic tools for patients with small vessel vasculitis. ANCA are detected by different assays, but the correlation between the results of these assays is generally poor. The overall aim of the study was to provide a framework for the future development of new assays with an increased diagnostic yield. In order to express discrete epitopes of human PR3 (hPR3), the nonantigenic molecules murine PR3 (mPR3) and human leucocyte elastase (HLE) were used as a framework. We constructed recombinant chimeric vectors and were able to produce 6 hPR3/mPR3 proteins and 3 hPR3/HLE proteins. Anti-PR3 monoclonal antibodies differed in their binding pattern to the chimeras, but no distinct binding region could be identified for any monoclonal antibody. The recombinant hPR3/mPR3 were also tested in ELISA with sera from patients with Wegener's granulomatosis with renal involvement. The results show that patients have antibodies to different constructs, indicating that the patients vary in their antibody repertoire from the beginning of the disease, and that patients may have antibodies from a broad range of clones early in the course of the disease. Recombinant hPR3/mPR3 chimeric proteins have a potential to be used as antigens in future ANCA assays.
Binding of Y-box proteins to RNA: involvement of different protein domains (1994)

Eukaryotic Y-box proteins are reported to interact with a wide variety of nucleic acid structures to act as transcription factors and mRNA masking proteins. The modular structure of Y-box proteins includes a highly conserved N-terminal cold-shock domain (CSD, equivalent to the bacterial cold-shock proteins) plus four basic C-terminal domains containing arginine clusters and aromatic residues. In addition, the basic domains are separated by acidic regions which contain several potential sites for serine/threonine phosphorylation. The interaction of Y-box proteins, isolated from Xenopus oocytes (FRGY2 type), with RNA molecules has been studied by UV crosslinking and protein fragmentation. We have identified two distinct binding activities. The CSD interacts preferentially with the polypurines poly(A,G) and poly(G) but not poly(A), this activity being sensitive to 5 mM MgCl2 but not to 5 mM spermidine. In the presence of 1 mM MgCl2 or 1 mM spermidine, the basic domains interact preferentially with poly(C,U), this activity being sensitive to 0.5 M NaCl. Binding of the basic domains is also sensitive to low concentrations of heparin. The basic domains can be crosslinked individually to labelled RNA. These results are discussed with reference to the various specificities noted in the binding of Y-box proteins to RNA and DNA.
Industrial and seismic noise removal in marine processing (1993)

3D marine surveys often take place in regions cluttered with oil rigs and sometimes other seismic vessels. The acoustic environment is therefore not very conducive to the acquisition of accurate seismic data. The oil rig may be in the process of drilling and there fore creating a great deal of vibration. It may have engines or noisy pumps. It may even read to the seismic arrival by diffracting part of the energy. The other seismic vessels may also be shooting. Numerous attempts have been made to demonstrate that these kinds of noise can be attenuated efficiently by methods based on the levels of amplitudes or on randomization of this noise within certain groups of traces. Apparently the concerns of the industry have not been allayed by these method sand, as a result, drilling and seismic acquisition must be planned on a regional scale (time-sparing), so that each activity respects the silence required by the other. In certain cases, this time-sparing is uneconomic and therefore impracticable.
Development of a method for detecting trace metals in aqueous solutions based on the coordination chemistry of hexahydrotriazines (2015)

The detection of trace amounts (<10 ppb) of heavy metals in aqueous solutions is described using 1,3,5-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines (HTs) as chemical indicators and a low cost fluorimeter-based detection system. This method takes advantage of the inherent properties of HTs to coordinate strongly with metal ions in solution, a fundamental property that was studied using a combination of analytical tools (UV-Vis titrations, (1)H-NMR titrations and computational modeling). Based on these fundamental studies that show significant changes in the HT UV signature when a metal ion is present, HT compounds were used to prepare indicator strips that resulted in significant fluorescence changes when a metal was present. A portable and economical approach was adopted to test the concept of utilizing HTs to detect heavy metals using a fluorimeter system that consisted of a low-pressure mercury lamp, a photo-detector, a monolithic photodiode and an amplifier, which produces a voltage proportional to the magnitude of the visible fluorescence emission. Readings of the prepared HT test strips were evaluated by exposure to two different heavy metals at the safe threshold concentration described by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for Cr(3+) and Ag(2+) (100 μg L(-1) and 6.25, respectively). This method of detection could be used to the presence of either metal at these threshold concentrations.
A COLLABORATIVE METHOD OF AGGREGATING GROUP OPINION BASED ON INCOMPLETE PREFERENCES (2014)

The aggregation of individual preference into the collective consensus opinion is a key issue in decision-making science. Generally, the aggregation methods are based on the complete preferences from all decision makers on all decision objects. In practice, it is common that individuals can be allowed to provide their incomplete preference information constantly because adequate evaluations are hardly to be given with the limited professional levels or the only time. In this paper, a novel collaborative method is proposed to tackle the group aggregation problem with incomplete preference information by measuring the individual representative degree for collective opinion. The advantages of the proposed approach include, (1) the preference matrix can be applied to compute the consensus and conflict among individual evaluators, (2) the graph is used to construct preferences and aggregate group opinion based on the individual representative degree for collective opinion, (3) the group consensus is obtained to regulate the group decision-making process, and (4) the proposed method can be applied in web decision-making to mine maximal group consensus sequences. The experiment results on synthetic data sets and real data are analyzed and show that the collaborative aggregation method is effective in incomplete preference data.
Highly tumorigenic lung cancer CD133 <sup>+</sup> cells display stem-like features and are spared by cisplatin treatment (2009)

The identification of lung tumor-initiating cells and associated markers may be useful for optimization of therapeutic approaches and for predictive and prognostic information in lung cancer patients. CD133, a surface glycoprotein linked to organ-specific stem cells, was described as a marker of cancer-initiating cells in different tumor types. Here, we report that a CD133+, epithelial-specific antigen-positive (CD133+ESA+) population is increased in primary nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with normal lung tissue and has higher tumorigenic potential in SCID mice and expression of genes involved in stemness, adhesion, motility, and drug efflux than the CD133(-) counterpart. Cisplatin treatment of lung cancer cells in vitro resulted in enrichment of CD133+ fraction both after acute cytotoxic exposure and in cells with stable cisplatin-resistant phenotype. Subpopulations of CD133+ABCG2+ and CD133+CXCR4+ cells were spared by in vivo cisplatin treatment of lung tumor xenografts established from primary tumors. A tendency toward shorter progression-free survival was observed in CD133+ NSCLC patients treated with platinum-containing regimens. Our results indicate that chemoresistant populations with highly tumorigenic and stem-like features are present in lung tumors. The molecular features of these cells may provide the rationale for more specific therapeutic targeting and the definition of predictive factors in clinical management of this lethal disease.
A trepostome bryozoan from the Lower Arenig of south Wales: implications of the oldest described bryozoan (1987)

Abstract A specimen of the trepostome bryozoan Orbipora from the Lower Arenig of south Wales is described and figured. This is currently the oldest unequivocal bryozoan recorded in the literature. Although mostly decalcified, the colony preserves clear remnants of the large styles which characteristically indent the zooecial apertures in Orbipora . The wide palaeogeographical distribution of Orbipora in the early Ordovician is consistent with the hypothesized planktotrophic larval phase. Theoretical considerations and evidence from the occurrence of Orbipora in south Wales suggest that nearshore clastic environments would be fruitful settings in which to search for further early bryozoans, although quality of preservation may be poorer than in offshore carbonates.
Sequence Tagging with Contextual and Non-Contextual Subword Representations: A Multilingual Evaluation (2019)

Pretrained contextual and non-contextual subword embeddings have become available in over 250 languages, allowing massively multilingual NLP. However, while there is no dearth of pretrained embeddings, the distinct lack of systematic evaluations makes it difficult for practitioners to choose between them. In this work, we conduct an extensive evaluation comparing non-contextual subword embeddings, namely FastText and BPEmb, and a contextual representation method, namely BERT, on multilingual named entity recognition and part-of-speech tagging.
WDM coding system with single parity-check channel (1994)

We propose a modified WDM coding system with a single parity-check channel to achieve an efficient and flexible WDM coding system. The system provides most of the advantages of the original WDM coding system with just one parity-check channel. The bit rate and the data sequences are unaffected by the coding processes, making it very attractive for practical lightwave systems with standard rates. Compared to serial coding systems, it is able to reduce the number of encoding/decoding pairs in an m-channel WDM transmission system operated at STS-N from m/spl times/N to one. We have evaluated the system performance and analyzed the performance of frame synchronization needed for the modified WDM coding system. An example shows that the WDM coding can reduce the error floor of a four-channel dispersion-limited WDM system from 10/sup -10/ to 10/sup -19/ with reliable frame synchronization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Establishment of Five Canine Lymphoma Cell Lines and Tumor Formation in a Xenotransplantation Model (2012)

Five novel, canine lymphoma cell lines (Ema, CLC, CLK, Nody-1 and UL-1) were established from dogs suffering from lymphoma and characterized in vitro and in vivo. All cell lines, except CLC, were characterized with T-cell phenotypes, by flow cytometric analysis and polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement. Cell proliferation rates and transcriptional levels of MYC, PTEN, KIT and FLT3 varied between each cell line. Intraperitoneal xenotransplantation of Ema, CLC, Nody-1 and UL-1 lymphoma cell lines into NOD/SCID mice induced ascites, intraperitoneal tumors and severe infiltration of lymphoma cells into the pancreas and mesentery. Establishment of novel canine lymphoma cell lines with different characteristics is critical for elucidating the pathophysiology of canine lymphoma and improving current therapies.
Chemical composition of phytoplankton and Particulate Organic Matter in the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain) (1998)

Elemental (C, H, O, N, Si, P) and biochemical composition (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phosphorus compounds, chlorophyll and opal) in particulate organic matter, diatoms, other autotrophs, heterotrophs and detritus from natural plankton were established simultaneously by measuring relatively few components. Using standard techniques in marine chemistry on board ship, it is possible to infer a great deal about the composition and condition of the plankton. In addition, the organic matter content in terms of cell volume was determined for each group of plankton. Variation of chemical composition with depth was also considered. The ratio carbohydrates/lipids (Cbh/Lip) was used as an indicator of the chemical quality of the plankton.
Evolution (2010)

Research Article| August 01 2010 Evolution Evolution Mosaic. (http://elearn.mtsac.edu/elawlor/mosaic). Waller Pat Waller Pat 2 1NABT President—2007 2e-mail: wallerfp@enter.net Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar 2e-mail: wallerfp@enter.net The American Biology Teacher (2010) 72 (6): 388. https://doi.org/10.1525/abt.2010.72.6.16 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Waller Pat; Evolution. The American Biology Teacher 1 August 2010; 72 (6): 388. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/abt.2010.72.6.16 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search Evolution Mosaic (http://elearn.mtsac.edu/elawlor/mosaic). ©2009 Elizabeth J. Lawlor. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/). The Web site Evolution Mosaic provides a different approach to human evolution by looking at the evolutionary development of various human systems through the use of data from The Paleobiology Database (http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl). As the author explains, "evolution tends to affect each functional system separately, not all at once." The site provides information for the support of this idea and can be a valuable resource for high school and college students, as well as their teachers. The home page contains an illustration of a human (identified by the Web site's author as "Adam") and a timeline. Thirty regions of interest on the human body are delineated by rectangles for identification and navigation through the site. When the cursor is moved over a region of the... You do not currently have access to this content.