gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[On acupuncture-moxibustion research needing dependence on clinical practice]. (2010)

In this present paper, the current situation and the main features in acupuncture-moxibustion clinic are analyzed. The preliminary conclusion is that acupuncture-moxibustion research should proceed from the actual situation, take the treatment as the carrier, be scientifically designed and study in a deep-going way according to the methods of medical science for the acupuncture-moxibustion treatment with obvious clinical effect and specific action, then can get the scientific data and conclusion to illustrate the clinical problem and increase the therapeutic effect with important instruction significance for clinical practice. Clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion is the basis of all acupuncture-moxibustion research.
Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electrophoresis in proteomic and peptidomic analyses (2015)

This review presents recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electromigration methods in proteomics and peptidomics. Sample preparation methods as well as instrumental innovations in the coupling of these advanced electromigration methods with mass spectrometry detection employed in proteomic and peptidomic analyses are presented. Interesting applications of various capillary electromigration methods in bottom-up as well as top-down proteomics, including investigation of post-translational modifications of proteins are described. In addition, several examples of the use of capillary electromigration methods combined with mass spectrometry detection in clinical proteomics and peptidomics are demonstrated.
The role of experience in the susceptibility to confirmation bias in pilots : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand (2012)

Confirmation bias refers to the tendency of an individual to prioritise and seek out evidence that confirms their theory or hypothesis and avoid or place little importance on disconfirming information. In the field of aviation, confirmation bias can have disastrous consequences and has been implicated in several aviation disasters. Despite the potentially fatal consequences, little research has systematically explored the underlying causes of confirmation bias in pilots. The following research examined the role of experience in the susceptibility to confirmation bias in pilots utilising an aviation themed location discovery task. To assess the relationship between flying experience and susceptibility to confirmation bias, 53 participants (23 non-pilots with no prior flying experience, 13 novice pilots with between 0-200 hours of logged flight time, and 17 experienced pilots with between 220-15000 hours of logged flight time) were asked to complete an online map-based location discovery task, which required participants to imagine that they were unsure of their location in four aviation themed scenarios. They then had to select, out of three features given, which feature would be the most useful for helping them to decide on their current location. Two out of the three features provided incorrect confirming (positive) tests of the pilot’s hypothesised location and one feature provided the correct disconfirming (negative) test of their hypothesised location. Results indicated that overall, participants primarily utilised a hypothesis-confirming strategy on the task. No relationship between experience and a participant’s susceptibility to confirmation bias was identified. A thematic analysis of the comments provided by participants was completed, which illustrated that participants were fairly consistent in the decision-making strategy that they used when reasoning about their location across each of the four scenarios. Interestingly, non-pilots and novice pilots primarily utilised a hypothesis-confirming approach most regularly in their feature selection. By contrast, it appears that the experienced pilot group primarily utilised a strategy that favoured the selection of manufactured objects and large objects. Future research should focus on discovering the mechanisms underlying confirmation bias and the identification of groups of people who are less susceptible to it. This information can then be used to create a model of confirmation bias outlining interventions that can be used to reduce or eliminate its effects.
Ultra high efficiency bidirectional dc-dc converter with multi-frequency pulse width modulation (2008)

An ultra high efficiency bidirectional dc-dc converter with multi-frequency pulse width modulation is proposed in this paper. This method selects a proper switching frequency instead of using detection of instantaneous current to achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS). Since instantaneous current is not required, control loop instability and noise susceptibility issues can be avoided. The proposed approach allows ease of combining ZVS, multiphase interleaving, and coupled inductor techniques to achieve high efficiency over a wide load range. To verify the proposed approach, a 30 kW hardware prototype has been designed, fabricated and tested. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in ZVS operation. Using precision meters and sensors, the efficiency was measured in a wide load range. From 10% to 100% load, the efficiency stays above 98% and peaks at 99.2%.
Study of novel mesostructured materials based on tin(IV) sulfide Part 1.—Synthesis and characterization (1997)

Two novel mesostructured materials based on tin(IV) sulfide (C 16 TMA–SnS–L and C 16 TMA–SnS–M) have been synthesized in the system C 16 TMABr–SnCl 4 –Na 2 S–H 2 O (C 16 TMABr, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) at ambient temperature. These materials were characterized by XRD, atomic force microscopy (AFM), FTIR, 119 Sn MAS NMR, 13 C CP MAS NMR, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and bulk chemical analysis. The lamellar phase C 16 TMA–SnS–L whose chemical composition is C 19 H 42 NSnS 2.5 was formed in the system containing a large amount of surfactant or mixtures of a little of surfactant and some TMABr. However, it is necessary to use a very low concentration of surfactant in the reaction mixtures for the formation of the other new mesostructured phase C 16 TMA–SnS–M with a S/Sn ratio of 2. 119 Sn MAS NMR indicates that the coordination of tin(IV) in these two mesostructured materials is very different, i.e. tetrahedral in C 16 TMA–SnS–L and octahedral in C 16 TMA–SnS–M. Different environments of the aliphatic chains of the surfactant were confirmed by 13 C CP MAS NMR.
Anti-cancer radiopharmaceuticals (1991)

Therapeutic nuclear medicine is rapidly developing as an additional treatment modality in oncology. A great variety of specific tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticals is applied both for dlagnostic scintlgraphy and treatment, using multiple routes and mechanisms to target radionuclldes at tumors. After a brief introduction of some basic principles of radionucllde tumor targeting, the available anti-cancer radiopharmaceuticals, arranged according to the site of accumulation in relation to the cell nucleus, and the results of their current clinical use for therapy are reviewed. The observed response to a number of these applications, the non-Invasiveness of the procedure and the relative lack of toxicity and late effects in comparison with chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy, make radionuclide therapy an attractive and realistic alternative approach to cancer treatment.
Bridging Behavioral and Register-Transfer Synthesis (2005)

This paper considers register-transfer synthesis and optimization from a control-data flowgraph specification. In contrast to scheduling under resource constraints, we derive a register-transfer (RT) description without imposing constraints on resources. The initial RT-level description may seem to have an excessive number of functional units and multiplexors, however it will typically exhibit also high signal reconvergence. We demonstrate with non-trivial benchmark examples that regions of high signal reconvergence offer high resynthesis and optimization potential also at RT-level, producing standard cell realizations that are comparable and competitive with alternate approaches in all aspects: layout area, path delay and gate-level testability. Tradeoffs in resource allocation are examined at RT-level only after optimizing the initial description. The RT-level description we generate serves as a top-level input to OASIS, which expands it to the required data-path components, synthesizes all control specifications, performs test generation and global optimization by redundancy removal and submits the final standard cell netlist for automatic placement and routing.
Formation of two methylenedioxy bridges by a <i>Sesamum</i> CYP81Q protein yielding a furofuran lignan, (+)-sesamin (2006)

(+)-Sesamin, a furofuran class lignan, is widespread in vascular plants and represented by Sesamum spp. (+)-Sesamin has been of rapidly growing interest because of its beneficial biological effects in mammals, but its biosynthesis and physiological roles in plants remain to be clarified. It is speculated to be synthesized from (+)-pinoresinol by means of (+)-piperitol by formation of two methylenedioxy bridges mediated by two distinct Sesamum indicum cytochrome P450 (SiP450) proteins. Here, we report an SiP450, CYP81Q1, that alone catalyzes (+)-sesamin biosynthesis from (+)-pinoresinol by means of (+)-piperitol by forming two methylenedioxy bridges. The CYP81Q1 gene expression profile was temporally consistent with the accumulation pattern of (+)-sesamin during seed development. The CYP81Q1-GFP chimera protein was colocalized with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeting chimera protein, indicating that (+)-sesamin biosynthesis occurs on the ER cytoplasmic surface. Moreover, we isolated two CYP81Q1 homologs from other Sesamum spp. Sesamum radiatum CYP81Q2 showed dual (+)-piperitol/(+)-sesamin synthetic activity. CYP81Q2, as well as CYP81Q1, therefore, corresponds to a (+)-piperitol/(+)-sesamin synthase in lignan biosynthesis. In contrast, Sesamum alatum CYP81Q3 showed no activity, in accord with (+)-sesamin being deficient in S. alatum. Our findings not only provide insight into lignan biosynthesis but also unravel a unique mode of cytochrome P450 action.
How to compute accurate traffic matrices for your network in seconds (2003)

A matrix giving the traffic volumes between origin and destination in a network has tremendously potential utility for IP network capacity planning and management. Unfortunately, traffic matrices are often hard to measure directly in large, operational IP networks. On the other hand, link load measurements are readily available in IP networks. In this presentation we will describe a new method for practical and rapid inference of traffic matrices in large IP networks from link load measurements, augmented by readily available network and routing configuration information. The method, "tomo-gravity," combines the better aspects of transportation modeling (gravity models) with tomo-graphic methods such as applied in medical imaging (CAT scans) and seismology. It has a firm theoretical foundation in information theory, and we have shown that it is is remarkably fast, accurate, flexible and robust on test data from AT&T's North American backbone network, and also on other network topologies obtained via the Rocketfuel project. The most useful tests of accuracy have come through test applications in reliability analysis and OSPF weight optimization, which have shown the power of this technique. In this talk, we will explain the algorithms, present data on how well the algorithms work for large ISP networks, and provide guidance on how well the algorithm is going to work for your network.
The role of high-level and low-level features in style-based retrieval and generation of multimedia presentations (2001)

Abstract In this paper we argue that the automatic generation of dynamic multimedia presentation requires both low-level collections of objective measurements for media units representing prototypical style elements, and high-level conceptual descriptions supporting contextual and presentational requirements. Only the combination of both facilitates the retrieval of adequate material and its user-centred presentation. We discuss the problems of visual signification for images in dynamic systems and explain how a combined approach can help overcome such problems. We then propose an architecture for such a system and present its applicability for a museum-oriented multimedia system with a working example.
Membraneless Compartmentalization Facilitates Enzymatic Cascade Reactions and Reduces Substrate Inhibition (2018)

Living cells possess membraneless organelles formed by liquid-liquid phase separation. With the aim of better understanding the general functions of membraneless microcompartments, this paper constructs acellular multicompartment reaction systems using an aqueous multiphase system. Membraneless coacervate droplets are placed within a molecularly crowded environment, where a larger dextran (DEX) droplet is submerged in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. The coacervate droplets are capable of sequestering reagents and enzymes with a long retention time, and demonstrate multistep cascading reactions through the liquid-liquid interfaces. The ability to change phase dynamics is also demonstrated through salt-mediated dissolution of coacervate droplets, which leads to the release and mixing of separately sequestered reagents and enzymes. Finally, as phase-separated materials in membraneless organelles are often substrates and substrate analogues for the enzymes sequestered or excluded in the organelles, this paper explores the interaction between DEX and dextranase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes DEX. The results reveal that dextranase suffers from substrate inhibition when partitioned directly in a DEX phase but that this inhibition can be mitigated and reactions greatly accelerated by compartmentalization of dextranase inside a coacervate droplet that is adjacent to, but phase-separated from, the DEX phase. The insight that compartmentalization of enzymes can accelerate reactions by mitigating substrate inhibition is particularly novel and is an example where artificial membraneless organelle-like systems may provide new insights into physiological cell functions.
Both cIAP1 and cIAP2 regulate TNFα-mediated NF-κB activation (2008)

The cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 and 2 (cIAP1 and cIAP2) proteins have been implicated in the activation of NF-kappaB by TNFalpha; however, genetic deletion of either cIAP1 or 2 did not support a physiologically relevant role, perhaps because of functional redundancy. To address this, we used combined genetic and siRNA knockdown approaches and report that cIAP1 and 2 are indeed critical, yet redundant, regulators of NF-kappaB activation upon TNFalpha treatment. Whereas NF-kappaB was properly activated by TNFalpha in cultured and primary cells deficient in either cIAP1 or 2, removal of both cIAPs severely blunted its activation. After treatment with TNFalpha, cIAP1 and 2 were rapidly recruited to the TNF receptor 1, along with the adapter protein TNF receptor associated factor 2. Importantly, either cIAP1 or 2 was required for proper TNF receptor 1 signalosome function. In their combined absence, polyubiquitination of receptor interacting protein 1, an upstream event necessary for NF-kappaB signaling, was attenuated. As a result, phosphorylation of the inhibitor of kappaB kinase beta was diminished, and signal transduction was severely blunted. Consequently, cells missing both cIAP1 and 2 were sensitized to TNFalpha-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that either cIAP1 or 2 is required for proper Rip1 polyubiquitination and NF-kappaB activation upon TNFalpha treatment.
Image enhancement using color and spatial information (2002)

In this paper, a new filter that performs color image enhancement is presented. The filter achieves this through the minimization of a weighted cost function. The weights are determined using potential functions which are calculated in such a way as to convey spatial information. Application of the proposed filter on a real blurred and noisy color image is performed to verify its enhancement capabilities.
Alterations in late endocytic trafficking related to the pathobiology of LRRK2-linked Parkinson's disease (2015)

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene comprise the most common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD), and variants increase the risk for sporadic PD. LRRK2 displays kinase and GTPase activity, and altered catalytic activity correlates with neurotoxicity, making LRRK2 a promising therapeutic target. Despite the importance of LRRK2 for disease pathogenesis, its normal cellular function, and the mechanism(s) by which pathogenic mutations cause neurodegeneration remain unclear. LRRK2 seems to regulate a variety of intracellular vesicular trafficking events to and from the late endosome in a manner dependent on various Rab proteins. At least some of those events are further regulated by LRRK2 in a manner dependent on two-pore channels (TPCs). TPCs are ionic channels localized to distinct endosomal structures and can cause localized calcium release from those acidic stores, with downstream effects on vesicular trafficking. Here, we review current knowledge about the link between LRRK2, TPC- and Rab-mediated vesicular trafficking to and from the late endosome, highlighting a possible cross-talk between endolysosomal calcium stores and Rab proteins underlying pathomechanism(s) in LRRK2-related PD.
Cardiac Involvement in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Multicenter Clinical-Pathological Study (1998)

The heart is frequently involved in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study was planned to assess the prevalence of cardiac involvement in a large and selected population of patients who died of AIDS. Of 440 AIDS patients who underwent autopsy, cardiac involvement was documented in 82 patients. Dilated cardiomyopathy was found in 12 patients; lymphocytic interstitial myocarditis was documented in 30 patients, and in 10 of 12 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Inflammatory infiltrate was predominantly composed by CD3+ and CD8+ with a positive staining for major histocompatibility class I in 70% of the cases. Infective endocarditis was documented in 28 patients, pericardial effusion in 53 patients, myocardial Kaposi's sarcoma in 2 patients, myocardial B-cell immunoblastic lymphoma in 1 patient. Sequences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleic acid were detected using the technique of in situ hybridization in the myocytes of 29 autopsy patients and in 25 of 29 patients with a positive hybridization signal an active myocarditis was documented. Among them, 7 presented a coinfection with Coxsakievirus group B, 2 with Epstein-Barr virus, and 1 with cytomegalovirus. HIV-associated cardiomyopathy may be related either to a direct action of HIV on the myocardial tissue or to an autoimmune process induced by HIV even in association with other cardiotropic viruses.
Functional surfaces produced by foam coating (2016)

This paper reports experiments on silica coating formulations that are suitable for application as a thin pigment layer with foam coating technique on a paper web. To understand the foaming properties of nanosilica dispersions, the critical micelle concentration, foam half-life time, and foam bubble size stability were determined with three different foaming agents. The results indicate that the bubble stability measurement is a useful characterization method for foam coating purposes. Pilot foam coating trials were done and the effects of the chosen foaming agents were studied on the properties of the nanosilica-coated paper. The surface hydrophilicity of silica coated paper was related not only to silica pigment, but also to the chemical nature of the foaming agent. Standard paper properties were not affected by the thin silica coating.
Chemical Kinetics Simulation of High Temperature Hydrocarbons Reforming in a Solar Reactor (2003)

This study is aimed at developing a simulation model of a solar Volumetric reactor for hydrocarbon reforming, operating at high temperature and pressure. It will then be used to optimize the reactor design and analyze its performance. The model development utilizes previous and on-going experimental work on Volumetric receiver and catalyst development. The reaction’s kinetics are computed, using the CHEMKIN II simulation package. The chemical kinetic modeling of the relevant C-H-O system is based on: (i) Definition of the relevant computation domain and parameters: temperature, pressure, reactant compositions, residence time, and catalyst load, (ii) Utilizing laboratory measurements at 700–1400K and 1–4 bar. to quantify the kinetic parameters for both, H2O, and CO2 reforming of CH4 and for the Reverse Water Shift reaction. Calculated and measured data are compared for three representative cases, showing a good agreement. The results indicate that the Arrhenius method can be a viable and practical way to predict the behavior of steam and CO2 reforming over a range of temperatures and pressures. Furthermore, it is shown that the present approach can provide a method for estimating the desirable dimensions of the reactor for reforming of CH4. Additional, on-going computational and experimental work, which would provide a more accurate simulation, can easily be implemented using the present numerical model.
Crystallization in Final Stages of Purification (2006)

Methods are described for the laboratory-scale crystallization of “small” organic compounds. The process of crystallization from solution can be used as a purification step in its own right, or to produce crystals for molecular structure determination by single-crystal or powder X-ray diffraction. Both aspects are discussed, with particular emphasis on growing crystals for structure determination in natural product chemistry. The processes detailed for the slow growth of diffraction-quality crystals include solvent selection and solution supersaturation by evaporation, cooling, liquid/vapor diffusion, and thermal gradient methods. Common problems and solutions, including solid-state polymorphism and solvate formation, are highlighted and modern approaches to parallel crystallization and crystal structure determination from X-ray powder diffraction data are also introduced.
Managing NFC payment applications through cloud computing (2012)

Near Field Communication (NFC) provides a contactless technology for data transmission between smart phones, PCs, PDAs and such devices. It is based on the Bluetooth technology as they are both short-range communication technologies. With NFC people can use their mobile phones to pay for goods and services. They can also use other applications such as ticketing, loyalty, etc. Having sensitive information as well as several parties involved during the NFC operation, caused the delay towards its adoption. Managing NFC applications has become a major issue in the market and stakeholders are testing different implementation methods to deliver the most secure, flexible and manageable NFC to their customers. We believe cloud computing can solve many issues in regards to NFC application management and in this paper we have proposed our approach which can be implemented for the ease of managing the whole NFC ecosystem. We have also considered different SE architectures and explained our preferable model.