gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies in saliva using antibody capture radioimmunoassay (1993)

Antibody capture radioimmunoassays were developed for detecting virus specific IgM (MACRIA) and IgG (GACRIA) to measles, mumps, and rubella and used to investigate saliva as an alternative specimen to serum for diagnosis. Saliva was collected from 63 patients with measles, 19 with mumps, and 150 with rubella, which were all clinically diagnosed and serologically confirmed. Virus specific IgM was detected in 92% of measles, 75% of mumps, and 100% of rubella saliva samples collected during the first week of illness. Between 1 and 5 weeks after onset virus specific IgM was detected in 100% of saliva specimens. After the 5th week the proportion of reactive specimens declined. The specificity of the MACRIA tests was established by testing saliva samples collected from blood donors for measles (88), mumps (88), and rubella IgM (91). All of the saliva specimens tested for measles and rubella specific IgM were unreactive, 1/88 specimens tested for mumps specific IgM contained significant reactivity. Saliva specimens collected from acute cases of MMR were tested in all 3 MACRIAs. A small proportion of saliva samples contained detectable IgM of more than one virus infection. Rubella and measles specific IgG was detected in the saliva of all cases from the 4th or 5th day of illness, respectively. Detection of mumps specific IgG was less successful. We have demonstrated that virus specific IgM can be reliably detected in saliva samples collected from acute cases of measles, mumps, and rubella and identified 1-5 weeks after onset of illness as the optimum time for collection of samples.
UNSYMMETRICAL DERIVATIVES OF AROMATIC DIAMINES. (1917)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUNSYMMETRICAL DERIVATIVES OF AROMATIC DIAMINES.Walter A. Jacobs and Michael HeidelbergerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1917, 39, 7, 1447–1465Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1917Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1917https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02252a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02252a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Rabbit Atherosclerosis Model for the Investigation of Transluminal Angioplasty (1982)

In order to investigate the long-term and short-term effects of transluminal angioplasty, an animal model was developed that closely simulates human disease. Using the Flemish Giant rabbit, lesions were created by air-drying an isolated segment of femoral artery and feeding the rabbits a diet of 2% cholesterol, 6% peanut oil for one month. The lesions were studied with serial angiography for up to three months and with correlative histology. The results showed focal, stenotic lesions that appeared stable over time and had histologic similarity to human lesions. the artery adjacent to the lesions appeared normal. Since the femoral arteries in this rabbit strain are sufficiently large to undergo angioplasty, and it is possible to perform serial angiograms, it is believed that this model is suitable for use in the investigation of angioplasty, and the preliminary work confirms its feasibility.
Cigarette smoking delays ulcer healing: role of constitutive nitric oxide synthase in rat stomach (1999)

Epidemiological studies have shown that cigarette smoking is associated with peptic ulceration. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms by which cigarette smoking delays ulcer healing in rats. Gastric ulcers were induced by applying acetic acid to the luminal surfaces in rats. Twenty-four hours later, rats were exposed to different concentrations of cigarette smoke (0, 2, or 4%) for a 1-h period once daily for 3 or 6 days. Cigarette smoke exposure delayed ulcer healing and decreased gastric blood flow and angiogenesis at the ulcer margin. These changes were accompanied by a significant reduction of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) activity but not PGE2 production and vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Administration of L-arginine (10 mg/kg iv) completely reversed the adverse actions on ulcer healing, gastric blood flow, and angiogenesis in the mucosa at the ulcer margin but partially restored angiogenesis in granulation tissues. In conclusion, cigarette smoke exposure delays ulcer healing through depression of gastric blood flow and angiogenesis at the ulcer margin. Reduction of cNOS expression and activity is suggested to be involved in these ulcerogenic processes.
Rabbit alveolar macrophages contain a Ca2+-sensitive, 41,000-dalton protein which reversibly blocks the "barbed" ends of actin filaments but does not sever them. (1986)

A 41,000-dalton Ca2+-sensitive actin-modulating protein has been purified from rabbit alveolar macrophages using ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. On sodium dodecyl-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, this macrophage protein migrates more rapidly than actin and fails to cross-react with polyclonal anti-actin antibody. It has a Stokes radius of 3.0 nm and an isoelectric point of 6.6. In the presence of micromolar Ca2+ this 41,000-Da protein: reduces the viscosity of polymerized actin, nucleates actin filament assembly, causes a nearly instantaneous increase in fluorescence intensity of subcritical concentrations of pyrenyl-actin (estimated KD of the pyrene actin-macrophage protein complex, 5 X 10(-8) M), increases the critical concentration of actin by 0.65 microM (molar ratios of protein/actin, 1/100-1/10), blocks actin monomer depolymerization from the "barbed" filament ends, and does not sever preformed actin filaments. The ability of this protein to block filament ends is rapidly and completely inhibited by lowering free calcium ion concentration below the micromolar range.
Enhanced luminance of organic light-emitting diodes with metal nanoparticle electron injection layer (2009)

Improvement of the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) was achieved by implementing Magnesium-Nickel nanoparticles at the cathode–organic interface using pulsed laser deposition technique. The small geometry of Mg-Ni nanoparticles acts to enhance the localized electric field around them, thus increasing electron injection through tunneling, from the cathode to the organic layer. Improved current and luminance characteristics were demonstrated for both small molecule and polymer-based OLEDs when the nanoparticle layer was incorporated.
New Flexure Parallel-Kinematic Micropositioning System With Large Workspace (2011)

Flexure-based micropositioning systems with a large workspace are attractive for a variety of precision engineering applications. In this paper, a new idea of multistage compound parallelogram flexure is proposed for the mechanism design of a novel parallel-kinematic XY micropositioning system, which has a motion range larger than 10 mm along with a compact structure. The established quantitative models and the stage performances are validated by conducting finite-element analysis (FEA) and experimental studies. Moreover, an enhanced model-predictive control (EMPC) is presented for positioning control of the system, which has a nonminimum-phase plant. It is shown that the EMPC is capable of producing a low magnitude of output tracking error by imposing an appropriate suppression on the control effort. Simulation and experimental studies reveal that the EMPC scheme outperforms the conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and MPC methods in terms of transient response speed and steady-state accuracy. The idea that is presented in this paper is extendable to design and control of other micro-/nanopositioning systems with either minimum- or nonminimum-phase plants.
MalScan: Fast Market-Wide Mobile Malware Scanning by Social-Network Centrality Analysis (2019)

Malware scanning of an app market is expected to be scalable and effective. However, existing approaches use either syntax-based features which can be evaded by transformation attacks or semantic-based features which are usually extracted by performing expensive program analysis. Therefor, in this paper, we propose a lightweight graph-based approach to perform Android malware detection. Instead of traditional heavyweight static analysis, we treat function call graphs of apps as social networks and perform social-network-based centrality analysis to represent the semantic features of the graphs. Our key insight is that centrality provides a succinct and fault-tolerant representation of graph semantics, especially for graphs with certain amount of inaccurate information (e.g., inaccurate call graphs). We implement a prototype system, MalScan, and evaluate it on datasets of 15,285 benign samples and 15,430 malicious samples. Experimental results show that MalScan is capable of detecting Android malware with up to 98% accuracy under one second which is more than 100 times faster than two state-of-the-art approaches, namely MaMaDroid and Drebin. We also demonstrate the feasibility of MalScan on market-wide malware scanning by performing a statistical study on over 3 million apps. Finally, in a corpus of dataset collected from Google-Play app market, MalScan is able to identify 18 zero-day malware including malware samples that can evade detection of existing tools.
DELITOS CONTRA A ORDENAÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO SOB O FOCO DA LEI DE CRIMES AMBIENTAIS, DOUTRINA E JURISPRUDÊNCIA (2016)

800x600 O proposito do presente artigo e tecer algumas consideracoes acerca dos delitos contra a ordenacao territorial sob o foco da Lei No 9.605/98 (Lei de Crimes Ambientais), bem como enfatizar o entendimento consolidado pela doutrina e jurisprudencia patria sobre a materia. Utilizou-se a pesquisa em documentos historicos e bibliografica para tracar o embasamento teorico em debate. Pela analise dos conteudos estudados constatou-se a necessidade de implementacao de politicas publicas efetivas em nivel nacional voltadas a tutela da ordenacao do territorio, com vistas a garantir o direito ao meio ambiente equilibrado. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */
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Degradation During Aging of Transformation‐Toughened ZrO <sub>2</sub> ‐Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> Materials at 250°C (1986)

The detrimental aging phenomenon observed in ZrO 2 ‐Y 2 O 3 materials, which causes tetragonal ZrO 2 to transform to its monoclinic structure at temperatures between 150 and 400°C, was investigated with respect to the gaseous aging environment and the Y 2 O 3 and SiO 2 content of the material. It is shown that the aging phenomenon is caused by water vapor and that inter‐granular silicate glassy phases play no significant role. Transmission electron microscopy of thin foils, before and after aging, showed that the water vapor reacted with yttrium in the ZrO 2 to produce clusters of small (20 to 50 nm) crystallites of α‐Y(OH) 3 . It is hypothesized that this reaction produces a monoclinic nucleus (depleted of Y 2 O 3 ) on the surface of an exposed tetragonal grain. Monoclinic nuclei greater than a critical size grow spontaneously to transform the tetragonal grain. If the transformed grain is greater than a critical size, it produces a microcrack which exposes subsurface tetragonal grains to the aging phenomenon and results in catastrophic degradation. Degradation can be avoided if the grain size is less than the critical size required for microcracking.
N-[N-[(S)-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-S-[11C]methyl-L-cysteine (2007)

The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a cell-surface glycoprotein with a molecular weight of ~100 kDa. It is expressed predominantly in the prostate and has also been detected in other tissues such as the kidney, the proximal small intestine, and the salivary glands. Minimal expression has also been observed in the brain (1). It is believed that PSMA plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer, glutamatergic neurotransmission, and in the absorption of folate (2). This glycoprotein is specifically upregulated several-fold in prostate cancers (PCAs), metastatic disease, and hormone-refractory PCAs because androgen levels inversely modulate PSMA levels (3). Interestingly, PSMA also has an elevated expression in the neovasculature of solid tumors, but is absent in normal neovasculature and prostate cancers tumors (4). Although its function in the prostate is unknown, in the central nervous system PSMA metabolizes N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), and in the proximal small intestine it removes γ-linked glutamates from poly-γ-glutamate folate and folate hydrolase (FOLH1), and also acts as a carboxypeptidase, glutamate carboxypaptidase II (GCPII) (1). Due to its unique distribution, PSMA can be used as a marker for the detection of metastatic cancers with imaging agents. Although a commercially available monoclonal antibody [111In-Capromomab pendetide (ProstaScint)] is in clinical use for the detection of prostate cancer, the results obtained with this antibody are not entirely reliable (5). In addition, the antibodies have limited access to tumors and may produce low signal-to-noise ratios because the target is intracellular, whereas PSMA is present on the cell surface (6, 7). Therefore, a small molecule 11C ligand, N-[N-[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-S-[11C]methyl-L-cysteine ([11C]DCMC), was synthesized and evaluated for the imaging of PSMA-positive and -negative tumors using positron emission tomography (PET) in an in vivo rodent model for prostate cancer (8).
Bombardment-diffused coatings and ion beam mixing (1982)

Abstract It has been known for some years that ion bombardment of a material will bring about a redistribution of its constituents. This can take place by a direct recoil process or as a result of collisional relocation within the collision cascade, known as cascade mixing. Alternatively, there are several mechanisms of radiation enhanced diffusion which may occur if the temperature is sufficiently high. The time scales for these processes are very different. Recent developments have led to the exploration and use of these effects in order to introduce atoms from a coating layer into the substrate below by ion bombardment as an alternative to their direct implantation. This review attempts to clarify the physical processes that occur, and to describe some recent applications to contacts on silicon devices, wear resistant surfaces in titanium alloys, and to achieve corrosion resistance in iron and nickel.
Use of a Novel Double-Antibody Technique to Describe the Pharmacokinetics of Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogs (2002)

The combination of insulin assays that detect human insulin only or both human insulin and analogs provides a new tool for studying insulin pharmacokinetics. Using this technique, we showed that 4.5 h after administration of the rapid-acting insulin analogs lispro and aspart, the free insulin levels are almost only attributable to the intermediate-acting insulin given at bedtime.
Radar ground-clutter shields (1966)

Metal shields (or fences) are useful in reducing the ground clutter received by a radar. The design of a clutter shield for an L-band monopulse radar employing a 60-ft parabolic reflector with Cassegrainian geometry is verified by scale-model measurements at K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</inf> -band. It is shown that a 100-ft fence, at a distance 500 ft from the radar, will give a nominal one-way clutter reduction of 20 dB. Tracking is expected to be virtually unaffected down to about 7.8° in elevation, but the low limit on useful performance is about 4.8°. More than 10 dB additional clutter reduction can be achieved by cutting rectangular slots in the top edge of the fence. However, polarization dependence and antenna geometry yield an average clutter suppression of 5 dB. In addition, the slots as other periodic structures are subject to "grating lobes." These place a restriction on the fence geometry. This is investigated experimentally on the scale model and explained by a mathematical analysis. A nonperiodic edge treatment is expected to be free of this troublesome effect.
Seismic interferometry by crosscorrelation and by multidimensional deconvolution: a systematic comparison (2011)

A R Y Seismic interferometry, also known as Green's function retrieval by crosscorrelation, has a wide range of applications, ranging from surface-wave tomography using ambient noise, to creating virtual sources for improved reflection seismology. Despite its successful applications, the crosscorrelation approach also has its limitations. The main underlying assumptions are that the medium is lossless and that the wavefield is equipartitioned. These assumptions are in practice often violated: the medium of interest is often illuminated from one side only, the sources may be irregularly distributed, and losses may be significant. These limitations may partly be overcome by reformulating seismic interferometry as a multidimensional deconvolution (MDD) process. We present a systematic analysis of seismic interferometry by crosscorrelation and by MDD. We show that for the non-ideal situations mentioned above, the correlation function is proportional to a Green's function with a blurred source. The source blurring is quantified by a so-called interferometric point-spread function which, like the correlation function, can be derived from the observed data (i.e. without the need to know the sources and the medium). The source of the Green's function obtained by the correlation method can be deblurred by deconvolving the correlation function for the point-spread function. This is the essence of seismic interferometry by MDD. We illustrate the crosscorrelation and MDD methods for controlled-source and passive-data applications with numerical examples and discuss the advantages and limitations of both methods.
Measuring Video Game Engagement Through the Cognitive and Affective Dimensions (2014)

Aim. This study investigates a novel technique for measuring video game engagement by capturing behavioral data with little task interference. Background. Flow Theory and Cognitive Load Theory provide insight into understanding engagement by analyzing the interactions between skill and task challenge. The development of this real-time measurement of engagement provides a more precise diagnostic method for designing challenging, yet cognitively engaging, tasks. Method. Flow Theory guided the design of three conditions (Boredom, Flow, and Frustration) for a video game played by 156 participants. The authors tested a potential measure of engagement based on the number of times a participant clicked a game-clock during gameplay and during intermissions, along with performance and workload data. We differentiated the three conditions by synthesizing game-clock clicks during gameplay, during intermission, and overall cognitive load. Results. Boredom showed lower cognitive load than Flow and Frustration. Frustration had significantly lower game-clock clicks during gameplay and significantly higher clicks during intermission than Flow or Boredom. Conclusion. This study’s measurement approach could potentially be used to measure cognitive and affective elements of engagement, helping to identify where in a task a person may reach a point of disengagement, and where they may choose to reengage.
Adrenomedullin, an Autocrine Mediator of Blood-Brain Barrier Function (2003)

Since the discovery that adrenomedullin gene expression is 20- to 40-fold higher in endothelial cells than even in the adrenal medulla, this peptide has been regarded as an important secretory product of the vascular endothelium, together with nitric oxide, eicosanoids, endothelin-1, and other vasoactive metabolites. Cerebral endothelial cells secrete an exceptionally large amount of adrenomedullin, and the adrenomedullin concentration is about 50% higher in the cerebral circulation than in the peripheral vasculature. The adrenomedullin production of cerebral endothelial cells is induced by astrocyte-derived factors. Adrenomedullin causes vasodilation in the cerebral circulation, may participate in the maintenance of the resting cerebral blood flow, and may be protective against ischemic brain injury. Recent data from our laboratory indicate that adrenomedullin, as an endothelium-derived autocrine/paracrine hormone, plays an important role in the regulation of specific blood-brain barrier properties. Adrenomedullin is suggested to be one of the physiological links between astrocyte-derived factors, cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP), and the induction and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, the role of adrenomedullin in the differentiation and proliferation of endothelial cells and in angiogenesis suggests a more complex function for adrenomedullin in the cerebral circulation and in the development of the blood-brain barrier.
Antihypercholesterolemic Activity Of Garlicky Principles Of Adenocalymma Alliaceum (1995)

The volatile oil of Adenocalymma alliaceum (Bignoniaceae) composed of Diallyl di-, tri-, and tetrasulphides (5:5:1) showed antihypercholesterolemic activity comparable to that of clofibrate in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats.
Ett sekel med Degerfors IF : [Degerfors IF - hela Sveriges lag: 100 år, red: Gerhard Jansson] (2007)

Ett sekel med Degerfors IF : [Degerfors IF - hela Sveriges lag: 100 ar, red: Gerhard Jansson]
A Fuzzy Logic Based Supervisory Hierarchical Control Scheme for Real Time Pressure Control (2009)

这篇论文为在一个即时飞行员压力控制系统调整压力描述一个监督层次模糊控制器(SHFC ) 。放大因素调节一个直接专家控制器的输入在一个关上的循环系统用错误和进程输入参数被做以便获得更好的控制器性能因为集合点改变并且装载骚乱。这个联机调节方法减少操作员参与并且提高控制器表演到一个宽操作范围。层次控制计划由聪明的上面的水平组成监督模糊控制器和一个低级直接模糊的控制器。上面的控平器提供机制给系统的主要目标，低级控制器把答案送到一种特别状况。为建议计划的控制算法被开发了并且测试了使用基于微控制器的嵌入的目标为有死了的时间的非线性的压渍法上的 ARM7。表明有效性，建议层次控制器的结果，模糊控制器并且常规比例积分(PI ) 控制器被分析。结果证明 SHFC 表演比常规控制方法以稳定性和坚韧性更好。
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Synthesis of Ivacaftor. (2014)

Abstract Scale‐up of the presented 6 step synthesis starting from 2‐nitrobenzoyl chloride and giving the title compound in 39% yield is in progress.