gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Deficiency Increases Volicitin-Induced Volatile Emission, Jasmonic Acid Accumulation, and Ethylene Sensitivity in Maize (2003)

Insect herbivore-induced plant volatile emission and the subsequent attraction of natural enemies is facilitated by fatty acid-amino acid conjugate (FAC) elicitors, such as volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine], present in caterpillar oral secretions. Insect-induced jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (E) are believed to mediate the magnitude of this variable response. In maize (Zea mays) seedlings, we examined the interaction of volicitin, JA, and E on the induction of volatile emission at different levels of nitrogen (N) availability that are known to influence E sensitivity. N availability and volicitin-induced sesquiterpene emission are inversely related as maximal responses were elicited in N-deficient plants. Plants with low N availability demonstrated similar volatile responses to volicitin (1 nmol plant(-1)) and JA (100 nmol plant(-1)). In contrast, plants with medium N availability released much lower amounts of volicitin-induced sesquiterpenes compared with JA, suggesting an alteration in volicitin-induced JA levels. As predicted, low N plants exhibited greater sustained increases in wound- and volicitin-induced JA levels compared with medium N plants. N availability also altered volicitin-E interactions. In low N plants, E synergized volicitin-induced sesquiterpene and indole emission 4- to 12-fold, with significant interactions first detected at 10 nL L(-1) E. Medium N plants demonstrated greatly reduced volicitin-E interactions. Volicitin-induced sesquiterpene emission was increased by E and was decreased by pretreatment the E perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene without alteration in volicitin-induced JA levels. N availability influences plant responses to insect-derived elicitors through changes in E sensitivity and E-independent JA kinetics.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Podophage MPK7, Which Requires Type IV Pili for Infection (2013)

We report the complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa podophage MPK7. It displays synteny to the P. aeruginosa phages of the Phikmvlikevirus genus, which includes phiKMV and LKA1. MPK7 requires type IV pili (TFP) for infection, suggesting the role of functional TFP as the receptor for this phage genus.
On-line sporadic task scheduling in hard real-time systems (2002)

We propose a set of scheduling procedures for dealing with the sporadic task scheduling in a dynamic periodic system. For this we mean a system in which periodic tasks change their parameters dynamically (at run-time), in an unpredictable way. So, the off-line periodic task set will be different from the current periodic task set. It means that the task schedulability tests in such systems have to be made on-line. On the other hand, on-line evaluations in hard real-time systems must be done in a fast way, once the overhead incurred in these evaluations may jeopardize the tasks timing requirements. As it is common that exact tests, providing necessary and sufficient conditions for validating the schedule, are intractable algorithms (EXPTIME), they can not support on-line decisions. Then, our goal is to provide a sufficient condition for on-line scheduling tests which is fast (PTIME) and can be reasonably useful compared to the exact condition. We present a series of simulation runs that confirm the usefulness of our approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy (HIBM2) (2009)

Hereditary inclusion body myopathy type 2 (HIBM2) is a myopathy characterized by progressive muscle weakness with early adult onset. The disease is the result of a recessive mutation in the Glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase gene (GNE), which results in reduced enzyme function and sialic acid levels. A majority of individuals with HIBM2 are from Iranian-Jewish or Japanese decent, but isolated cases have been identified world wide. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria for HIBM2. Current research with a highlight on the biology of the disease and the role of GNE in the sialic acid pathway are assessed. Finally, therapeutic investigations and animal models are discussed with a focus on future studies to better understand the pathology of Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy and move therapeutic agents towards clinical trials.
An Evacuable Die for the Pressed Potassium Bromide Technique (1954)

In February, 1953 a general paper on this invaluable technique was presented at the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Since then, we have compared various types of dies for pressing potassium bromide and sample into thin transparent disks. The experience gained during this evaluation period led to the choice of a design of a special evacuable die which provides optimum results.
The Influence of Ionizing Radiation on the Granularity of Colour Negative Emulsions (1998)

Coatings of large grain emulsions that were given low exposures lo cobalt(60) gamma rays, in order to simulate the effect of background radiation, exhibited an increase in minimum density and granularity. This granularitywas greaterthan that obtained if thefilmswere exposed to light to give the same density. It was found, by use of photomicroscopy, that the main contribution to this high granularity was the formation of multiple developable cadres per grain, which gave more dye per grain during the partial development common to the normal colour negative processes. The effect of this latent image dispersity on the granularity was removal if the grains were fully developed cither in a black-and-white process or a special colour process. There was also an increase in granularity due to a high grain yield where several grains were rendered developable by the same gamma (y)-ray photon. The effects of silver coating weight and emulsion grain size on the granularity induced by ionizing radiation were also studied. II was concluded that latent image dispersity on grains was dominant at large grain sizes, where it persisted at all laydowns, and that high grain yield was dominant at small grain sizes and always disappeared at low coaling weights.
Memory-a fast path to one memory (1992)

A proprietary scheme for a unified memory system that covers all design aspects to ensure fast display and quick computation is presented. This device replaces extant memory types and their interconnects with unique DRAMs, a high-performance, chip-to-chip interface, and a high speed channel. It delivers a byte of data every 2 ns for a block of information up to 256 bytes long. The features and performance of this DRAM are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Fiber Optic Rotation Sensor (FORS) Signal Detection And Processing</title> (1978)

The recent development of low loss single mode optical fiber waveguides for light has made possible a new class of inertial reference devices built on the principal of a closed loop interferometer. Light circulating through the loop in both directions experiences a relative phase delay proportional to rotation rate about the loop axis. This paper derives the phase delay and discusses signal detection, signal processing techniques and error sources. It is concluded that synchronous modulation and demodulation and an active gain control at the signal calculational level are required to eliminate drift errors. Potential performance is extraordinarily good; rotation rate sensitivity of a few milli-arc seconds per second and angular position random walk errors of an arc second per square root hour appear feasible.
Controlled Delivery of Ganciclovir to the Retina with Drug-Loaded Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) Microspheres Dispersed in PLGA-PEG-PLGA Gel: A Novel Intravitreal Delivery System for the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis (2007)

PLGA microspheres containing GCV were prepared by two kinds of PLGA polymers and their blend (1:3). A formulation suitable for in vivo administration was prepared by dispersing GCV-loaded microspheres in a thermogelling PLGA-PEG-PLGA solution. An ideal in vitro release of encapsulated GCV was obtained by physically mixing microspheres prepared from different polymer blends prior to its dispersion in the thermogelling polymer. The formulation maintained mean vitreal concentrations of GCV at approximately 0.8 microg/mL for 14 days, whereas direct injections could maintain drug levels above 0.8 microg/mL for 54 h only.
Phase II Genomics Study of Ixabepilone as Neoadjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer (2008)

indicate an inverse relation between ER expression levels and ixabepilone sensitivity. Neoadjuvant ixabepilone demonstrated promising activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with invasive breast tumors.
Application to robot control using brain function measurement by near-infrared spectroscopy (2007)

In recent years, study of brain computer interface (BCI) is conducted actively and many researches of implementation using electro encephalic gram (EEG) are reported. On the other hand, some realization of BCI based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) also had been reported. Since a measurement instrument for NIRS is comparatively small-scale and it can perform noninvasive measurements, NIRS is expected as one of useful tool in order to realize versatile BCIs. In this paper, the estimation method is shown the possibility of applications to the ON/OFF control of BCI by NIRS. We measured regional cerebral blood flow during tapping movement of the right hand by NIRS and we propose a method to quantitatively estimate start and end timing of movement by using a neural network.
Different Prognostic Roles of Mutations in the Helical and Kinase Domains of the <i>PIK3CA</i> Gene in Breast Carcinomas (2007)

Our data show that exon 9 PIK3CA mutations are typical of infiltrating lobular carcinomas. In addition, they indicate that PIK3CA mutations in different exons are of different prognostic value: exon 9 mutations are independently associated with early recurrence and death, whereas exon 20 PIK3CA mutations are associated with optimal prognosis.
Paris Agreement on Climate Change (2019)

There has been significant progress since 2015, when the Paris Agreement on Climate Change was adopted. Consistent with the goals of the Agreement, many coal-fired plants have been retired, as the costs of electricity from solar photovoltaic systems and wind power have decreased to being less expensive than electricity from coal. Most of the new electricity-generating capacity that is being developed and put into service is from renewable wind and solar systems. There is still far to go, however. Trillions of dollars can be saved by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reaching the state where carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are no longer increasing. There are also many benefits associated with the transition to zero carbon emissions and steady state concentrations of greenhouse gases. Advances in science and technology that reduce the costs of electric vehicles and battery storage contribute to reaching the goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.
Ubiquitination and Degradation of the Anti-apoptotic Protein ARC by MDM2 (2006)

Current evidence shows that cardiomyocyte apoptosis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of myocardial disease and that reactive oxygen species is critically responsible for mediating cardiomyocyte apoptosis in both ischemia-reperfusion injury and dilated cardiomyopathy. ARC (Apoptosis Repressor with Caspase recruitment domain) is an anti-apoptotic protein that is found abundantly in terminally differentiated cells such as cardiomyocytes. The ARC knock-out mouse developed larger infarct in response to ischemia-reperfusion and transitioned more rapidly and severely to dilated cardiomyopathy following aortic constriction. In addition, ARC protein levels are decreased in human dilated cardiomyopathy and when cardiomyocytes are exposed to oxidative stress in vitro, but the mechanisms regulating ARC protein levels are not known. Here we show that degradation of ARC is dependent on the p53-induced ubiquitin E3 ligase, MDM2. Oxidative stress reduced ARC levels and up-regulated MDM2. MDM2 directly accelerated ARC protein turnover via ubiquitination and proteasomal-dependent degradation. This activity requires a functioning MDM2 ring finger domain because the MDM2(C464A) mutant was unable to direct ARC degradation. Furthermore, ARC degradation requires MDM2, because MDM2 knock-out fibroblasts showed defective ARC degradation that could be rescued by MDM2. Proteasomal inhibitors rescued both MDM2 and H(2)O(2)-induced degradation of ARC and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Dilated cardiomyopathic hearts from mice that have undergone transverse aortic banding have increased MDM2 levels associated with decreased ARC levels. We conclude that MDM2 is a critical regulator of ARC levels in cardiomyocytes. Prevention of MDM2-induced degradation of ARC represents a potential therapeutic target to prevent cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Magnetic resonance imaging—based measurements of cerebrospinal fluid and blood flow as indicators of intracranial compliance in patients with Chiari malformation (2005)

Previous investigators have focused on CSF flow velocities and cord displacement to explain the pathogenesis of CM. Analysis of results have indicated that ICC is more sensitive than local hydrodynamic parameters to changes in the craniospinal biomechanical properties in symptomatic patients. The authors concluded that decreased ICC better explains CM pathophysiology than local hydrodynamic parameters such as cervical CSF velocities and cord displacement. Low ICC also better explains the onset of symptoms in adulthood given the decline in ICC with aging.
Interval-based memory reclamation (2018)

In this paper we present interval-based reclamation (IBR), a new approach to safe reclamation of disconnected memory blocks in nonblocking concurrent data structures. Safe reclamation is a difficult problem: a thread, before freeing a block, must ensure that no other threads are accessing that block; the required synchronization tends to be expensive. In contrast with epoch-based reclamation, in which threads reserve all blocks created after a certain time, or pointer-based reclamation (e.g., hazard pointers), in which threads reserve individual blocks, IBR allows a thread to reserve all blocks known to have existed in a bounded interval of time. By comparing a thread's reserved interval with the lifetime of a detached but not yet reclaimed block, the system can determine if the block is safe to free. Like hazard pointers, IBR avoids the possibility that a single stalled thread may reserve an unbounded number of blocks; unlike hazard pointers, it avoids a memory fence on most pointer-following operations. It also avoids the need to explicitly "unreserve" a no-longer-needed pointer.
Magnetic Resonance-Based Tracking and Quantification of Intravenously Injected Neural Stem Cell Accumulation in the Brains of Mice with Experimental Multiple Sclerosis (2007)

Eliciting the in situ accumulation and persistence patterns of stem cells following transplantation would provide critical insight toward human translation of stem cell-based therapies. To this end, we have developed a strategy to track neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) in vivo using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Initially, we evaluated three different human-grade superparamagnetic iron oxide particles for labeling NPCs and found the optimal labeling to be achieved with Resovist. Next, we carried out in vivo experiments to monitor the accumulation of Resovist-labeled NPCs following i.v. injection in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis. With a human MR scanner, we were able to visualize transplanted cells as early as 24 hours post-transplantation in up to 80% of the brain demyelinating lesions. Interestingly, continued monitoring of transplanted mice indicated that labeled NPCs were still present 20 days postinjection. Neuropathological analysis confirmed the presence of transplanted NPCs exclusively in inflammatory demyelinating lesions and not in normal-appearing brain areas. Quantification of transplanted cells by means of MR-based ex vivo relaxometry (R2*) showed significantly higher R2* values in focal inflammatory brain lesions from EAE mice transplanted with labeled NPCs as compared with controls. Indeed, sensitive quantification of low numbers of NPCs accumulating into brain inflammatory lesions (33.3-164.4 cells per lesion; r(2) = .998) was also obtained. These studies provide evidence that clinical-grade human MR can be used for noninvasive monitoring and quantification of NPC accumulation in the central nervous system upon systemic cell injection. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Amyloid-beta induces chemokine secretion and monocyte migration across a human blood--brain barrier model. (1998)

In some individuals, circulating monocytes/macrophages, when recruited by chemokines produced by activated microglia and macrophages, could add to the inflammatory destruction of the brain in Alzheimer's disease.
Quantitative Determination of immunologlobuline (IgG, IgA and IgM) and identification of IgA‐type in the gingival fluid. (1971)

Quantitative immunoglobulin determinations were performed by a single radial imrmmo‐diffusion method with verified specificity and precision. The identification of sernm‐IgA or secretory‐IgA in gingival fluid was carried out in double diffusion in gel experiments with the use of a specific anti‐serum to “secretory piece”. Gingival fluid was collected with micropipettes by capillarity from subjects with different degrees of gingival inflammation. Blood and mixed saliva were sampled from each individual at the same time. In accordance with previous studies the gingival fluid occured after irritation of the gingival tissue. The amount of the gingival fluid increased with the severity of the inflammation. The contents of the different immumoglobulins in gingival fluid conformed to those, in serum. The possible reason of a slight tendency to lower contents of IgA and IgM in gingival fluid compared to those in serum in subjects with chronically inflamed gingivae is discussed. No “secretory piece” was demonstrated in any samples of gingival fluid tested at different dilutions. The immunoglobulin A in gingival fluid was indicated to be of serum‐IgA‐type. The origin of the immunoglobulins in gingival fluid is discussed.
A decade of experience with genetically tailored pig models for diabetes and metabolic research (2020)

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases is rapidly increasing. Animal models play pivotal roles in unravelling disease mechanisms and developing and testing therapeutic strategies. Rodents are the most widely used animal models but may have limitations in their resemblance to human disease mechanisms and phenotypes. Findings in rodent models are consequently often difficult to extrapolate to human clinical trials. To overcome this 'translational gap', we and other groups are developing porcine disease models. Pigs share many anatomical and physiological traits with humans and thus hold great promise as translational animal models. Importantly, the toolbox for genetic engineering of pigs is rapidly expanding. Human disease mechanisms and targets can therefore be reproduced in pigs on a molecular level, resulting in precise and predictive porcine (PPP) models. In this short review, we summarize our work on the development of genetically (pre)diabetic pig models and how they have been used to study disease mechanisms and test therapeutic strategies. This includes the generation of reporter pigs for studying beta-cell maturation and physiology. Furthermore, genetically engineered pigs are promising donors of pancreatic islets for xenotransplantation. In summary, genetically tailored pig models have become an important link in the chain of translational diabetes and metabolic research.
Characterization of Low-Level, Oversize Particles in Abrasive Powders (2005)

Abrasive powders are used in fine grinding and polishing applications many of which require defect-free surfaces. Scratching is a primary defect that can be caused by very low levels (less than 10 ppm) of large, oversize particles in the powders. Powders containing low levels of oversize particles can escape the scrutiny of quality control efforts because particle size analysis techniques have detection and sensing limits that prevent detection and quantification. This paper describes several common size analysis techniques with special regard to the limits of detecting oversize particles. Recommendations are described for measuring and quantifying low levels of oversize particles in powder size ranges of greater than and less than 10 microns.
Phase I Clinical Trial of Recombinant Human Endostatin Administered as a Short Intravenous Infusion Repeated Daily (2002)

rhEndostatin administered as a 20-minute daily IV injection at doses up to 240 mg/m(2) showed no significant toxicities. Evidence of clinical benefit was observed in three patients. Due to high variability between the peak and trough serum concentrations associated with the repeated short IV infusion schedule, daily serum drug levels only briefly exceeded concentrations necessary for in vitro antiangiogenic effects.
Probabilistic Modeling of Failure Dependencies Using Markov Logic Networks (2013)

We present a methodology for the probabilistic modeling of failure dependencies in large, complex systems using Markov Logic Networks (MLNs), a state-of-the-art probabilistic relational modeling technique in machine learning. We illustrate this modeling methodology on example system architectures, and show how the the Probabilistic Consistency Engine (PCE) tool can create and analyze failure-dependency models. We compare MLN-based analysis with analytical symbolic analysis to validate our approach. The latter method yields bounds on the expected system behaviors for different component-failure probabilities, but it requires closed-form representations and is therefore often an impractical approach for complex system analysis. The MLN-based method facilitates techniques of early design analysis for reliability (e.g., probabilistic sensitivity analysis). We analyze two examples - a portion of the Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTEthernet) communication platform used in space, and an architecture based on Honeywell's Cabin Air Compressor(CAC) - that highlight the value of the MLN-based approach for analyzing failure dependencies in complex cyber-physical systems.