Prevalencia de factores de riesgo vascular en la isla de El Hierro (Islas Canarias) (2014)

espanolANTECEDENTES: Se sabe que la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en las Islas Canarias es muy alto en comparacion con el resto de Espana y Europa. OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y otras enfermedades asociadas en la poblacion de El Hierro atendidos en centros de Atencion Primaria o Especializada. Se presentan los datos preliminares del estudio. PACIENTES Y METODOS: Se realizo un estudio transversal en el unico hospital de la isla. Se recogio variables como hipertension, hipercolesterolemia, diabetes, tabaquismo, alcohol, sexo, edad, indice de masa corporal (IMC) y enfermedades cardiovasculares en 334 pacientes. Estos pacientes fueron seleccionados al azar entre 7.300 historias clinicas correspondientes a todos los pacientes vivos, mayores de 18 anos, que han sido tratados en el hospital en los ultimos 30 anos. RESULTADOS: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 53,36 ± 19,80 anos y el 55% eran varones. Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular: el 39,2% de la poblacion del estudio era hipertenso, de los cuales el 70% recibia tratamiento antihipertensivo; dislipemia: 65,3% (44,1% recibia tratamiento hipolipemiante); diabetes mellitus tipo 2: 15%; 24,6% de la poblacion del estudio eran obesos, mientras que el 23,1% tenia sobrepeso. El 36,5% eran fumadores o tenian antecedentes de tabaquismo y el 24,3% consumia alcohol. Enfermedades cardiovasculares: 5,4% tenia antecedentes de cardiopatia isquemica, fibrilacion auricular 5,1%, valvulopatia 8,4% y el 15,6% de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda. CONCLUSION: Este estudio muestra una alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo, superior a la descrita por otros autores. EnglishBACKGROUND: It is known that prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the Canary Islands is very high compared to the rest of Spain and Europe. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and other associated diseases in the population of El Hierro attended in primary or specialized care. Preliminary data from the study are presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the only hospital on the island. Variables such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular disease in 334 patients was collected. Medical histories reviewed were randomly selected among 7300 medical histories, from all adult patients attended in the last 30 years. RESULTS: Mean age was 53.36 ± 19.80 years and 55% were male. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors: 39.2% of the study population had hypertension, of whom 70% were receiving antihypertensive therapy; dyslipidemia: 65.3% (44.1% were receiving lipid-lowering therapy); diabetes mellitus type 2: 15%; 24.6% of the study population were obese, while 23.1% were overweight. 36.5% were smokers or had a history of smoking and 24.3% consumed alcohol. Cardiovascular disease: 5.4% had a history of ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation 5.1%, 8.4% and valvular 15.6% of left ventricular hypertrophy. CONCLUSION: This study shows a high prevalence of risk factors, higher than that reported by other authors.