gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bonding and Structure of Molecules and Solids (1995)

Abstract This book explains the observed trends in the bonding and structure of molecules and solids within the framework of simple but predictive models of electronic structure. Emphasis is placed throughout on recent theoretical developments that link structural stability to the local topology or connectivity of the latice through the moments of the electronic density of states. It is directed at final year undergraduates and first year postgraduates in physics, chemistry, and materials science.
A review of the preparation and application of flavour and essential oils microcapsules based on complex coacervation technology (2013)

This paper briefly introduces the preparation and application of flavour and essential oils microcapsules based on complex coacervation technology. The conventional encapsulating agents of oppositely charged proteins and polysaccharides that are used for microencapsulation of flavours and essential oils are reviewed along with the recent advances in complex coacervation methods. Proteins extracted from animal-derived products (gelatin, whey proteins, silk fibroin) and from vegetables (soy proteins, pea proteins), and polysaccharides such as gum Arabic, pectin, chitosan, agar, alginate, carrageenan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are described in depth. In recent decades, flavour and essential oils microcapsules have found numerous potential practical applications in food, textiles, agriculturals and pharmaceuticals. In this paper, the different coating materials and their application are discussed in detail. Consequently, the information obtained allows criteria to be established for selecting a method for the preparation of microcapsules according to their advantages, limitations and behaviours as carriers of flavours and essential oils.
Cellular rural statistical area (RSA) transmit and receive combining (2003)

Requirements for high-power transmitter amplifiers, transmitter combiners, and improved active receiver multicoupler systems for the purpose of increasing coverage area for cellular radio service are examined. It is shown that use of high-power transmit amplifiers, tower-mounted receive amplifiers, and low-loss transmitter combiners leads to balanced wide-area mobile coverage. The proposed RSA cellular antenna system is the one that is commonly used for 800-MHz SMR trunking systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Substituted 2-Cyclohexyl-4-phenyl-1<i>H</i>-imidazoles:  Potent and Selective Neuropeptide Y Y5-Receptor Antagonists (2004)

Antagonizing the robust stimulation of food intake by neuropeptide Y represents a new potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity. Earlier pharmacological studies have pointed to the Y1 and Y5 receptors as the most likely mediators of the NPY orexigenic response. In this paper, we describe a new series of small molecule Y5 antagonists derived from a 2,4-diaryl-1H-imidazole lead. The main objectives of our structural optimization efforts were to produce novel and potent Y5 antagonists with an improved oral pharmacokinetic profile and less affinity for the hERG potassium channel compared to the lead 2,4-diarylimidazole structures. These goals were accomplished by replacement of the 2-aryl ring with a cyclohexyl ring and subsequent elaboration of the 4-position of the cyclohexyl ring with a variety of hydrophilic functionalities. The resulting compound, N-(2-hydroxy-tert-butyl)(4-[4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]imidazol-2-yl]cyclohexyl)carboxamide (20), displayed good potency at the Y5 receptor (K(i) = 3 nM), while interactions at the hERG channel were essentially eliminated (6% inhibition at a concentration of 3 microM). Importantly, the pharmacokinetic properties of 20 (F = 36%) represented a marked improvement over that of the initial 2,4-diarylimidazole structures.
Full-scale demonstration of low-NO{sub x} cell{trademark} burner retrofit. Final report (1994)

The objective of the Low-NO{sub x} Cell{trademark}Burner (LNCB{trademark}) demonstration is to evaluate the applicability of this technology for reducing NO{sub x} emissions in full-scale, cell burner-equipped boilers. More precisely, the program objectives are to: (1) Achieve at least a 50% reduction in NO{sub x} emissions. (2) Reduce NO{sub x} with no degradation to boiler performance or life of the unit. (3) Demonstrate a technically and economically feasible retrofit technology. Cell burner equipped boilers comprise 13% of the Pre-New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) coal-fired generating capacity. This relates to 34 operating units generating 23,639 MWe, 29 of which are opposed wall fired with two rows of two-nozzle cell burners on each wall. The host site was one of these 29. Dayton Power & Light offered use of J.M. Stuart Station`s Unit No. 4 as the host site. It was equipped with 24, two-nozzle cell burners arranged in an opposed wall configuration. To reduce NO{sub x} emissions, the LNCB{trademark} has been designed to delay the mixing of the fuel and combustion air. The delayed mixing, or staged combustion, reduces the high temperatures normally generated in the flame of a standard cell burner. A key design criterion for the burner was accomplishing delayed fuel-air mixing with no pressure part modifications to facilitate a {open_quotes}plug-in{close_quotes} design. The plug-in design reduces material costs and outage time required to complete the retrofit, compared to installing conventional, internally staged low-NO{sub x} burners.
Effects of Reduction Temperature and Metal−Support Interactions on the Catalytic Activity of Pt/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub> for the Oxidation of CO in the Presence and Absence of H<sub>2</sub> (2005)

TiO2- and gamma-Al2O3-supported Pt catalysts were characterized by HRTEM, XPS, EXAFS, and in situ FTIR spectroscopy after activation at various conditions, and their catalytic properties were examined for the oxidation of CO in the absence and presence of H2 (PROX). When gamma-Al2O3 was used as the support, the catalytic, electronic, and structural properties of the Pt particles formed were not affected substantially by the pretreatment conditions. In contrast, the surface properties and catalytic activity of Pt/TiO2 were strongly influenced by the pretreatment conditions. In this case, an increase in the reduction temperature led to higher electron density on Pt, altering its chemisorptive properties, weakening the Pt-CO bonds, and increasing its activity for the oxidation of CO. The in situ FTIR data suggest that both the terminal and bridging CO species adsorbed on fully reduced Pt are active for this reaction. The high activity of Pt/TiO2 for the oxidation of CO can also be attributed to the ability of TiO2 to provide or stabilize highly reactive oxygen species at the metal-support interface. However, such species appear to be more reactive toward H2 than CO. Consequently, Pt/TiO2 shows substantially lower selectivities toward CO oxidation under PROX conditions than Pt/gamma-Al2O3.
Equalization algorithms in the frequency domain for continuous phase modulations (2005)

In this paper novel linear and decision feedback equalization algorithms for continuous phase modulations (CPMs) are illustrated. These algorithms operate in the frequency domain and process two samples of the received signal per channel symbol. Their derivation is based on the Laurent decomposition of CPM signals. Numerical results evidence that the proposed techniques enable the use of CPMs over severely frequency selective wireless channels.
Windshields With New PVB Interlayer for Vehicle Interior Noise Reduction and Sound Quality Improvement (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Noise transmission through automotive windshields is the subject of extensive laboratory acoustic and full scale high-speed track NVH evaluation. Standard windshields transmit structure-borne noise through resonances at low frequencies, and wind noise and airborne noise due to coincident effect at high frequencies. Approaches to enhance windshields NVH performance and to improve vehicle interior noise quality are explored. The study shows that the most effective approach is to design a new interlayer for windshields. This leads to the development of an acoustic grade PVB interlayer.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To quantify the noise reduction by windshields with the new PVB interlayer, Solutia commissioned NVH testing of the windshields installed on cars, comparing these with factory-equipped standard windshields. Dynamic responses of the windshields were studied in laboratory on a dynamometer and resulting frequency response functions measured. A considerably high damping of resonant vibrations and significant reduction of structure-borne noise were noted. Further studies on the windshields for enhanced noise reduction, in particular wind and road noise, were conducted with several vehicles on high-speed test tracks. Test results show that the use of the windshields with new PVB interlayer results in 2 - 6 dB reduction in the cabin noise in high frequency range and up to 2 - 3 dB reduction in low to mid frequency range. Both subjective and objective results indicate that these windshields can greatly improve the vehicle wind noise and road noise performance and noise quality within the cabin, and result in the quieter passenger compartment.</div>
ADDITION OF DRY‐ AND WET‐MILLED CORN GERM FLOURS TO MODEL SYSTEM FRANKFURTERS OF THREE FAT LEVELS<sup>1</sup> (1990)

ABSTRACT Chemical, physical and sensory properties of cooked frankfurters of three fat levels with 0 and 3.5% dry‐milled corn germ (DMG) flour and 0 and 3.5% wet‐milled corn germ (WMG) flour added were investigated. As fat level increased, cooking losses increased and Instron compression values decreased, in cooked frankfurters with DMG and WMG flours. Addition of DMG flour decreased fat content and lightness (L) and increased yellowness (b‐value) of cooked frankfurters. Sensory evaluation indicated that DMG flour in frankfurters decreased tenderness, juiciness and cured flavor intensity. The addition of DMG flour increased chewiness of frankfurters. WMG flour addition decreased fat and protein contents and lightness (L) and increased hue angle (due to higher b), Instron compression values and cooking loss. Cured flavor intensity decreased and off‐flavor intensity increased with the addition of WMG flour to frankfurters.
Vapor-phase self-assembled monolayers for improved MEMS reliability (2010)

This paper presents the application of vapor-phase DDMS (dichlorodimethylsilane) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coating which significantly reduced stiction behavior in optical MEMS components exposed to humidity. Previously SAMs have been deposited in liquid form, making them unsuitable for application in high aspect ratio MEMS/NEMS structures; now vapor-phase SAM deposition is a novel option for improving MEMS in-use reliability. DDMS and ODS (noctadecyltrimethoxysilane) SAM coatings were tested on surfaces with different pre-treatments and the quality of coatings was assessed through static water contact angle measurements and humidity exposure tests for both test membrane structures (100% stiction on uncoated structures vs. 17% stiction of DDMS SAM coated structures) and optical MEMS FPI components (0% stiction of DDMS SAM coated components). The obtained contact angle of the DDMS SAM coating was ~ 104°. Both long term stability and thermal stability of the DDMS SAM coatings were found to be good.
Antigens Induced on Erythrocytes by <i>P. falciparum</i> : Expression of Diverse and Conserved Determinants (1986)

Red blood cells that are infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum express new antigens on their surface. In a study of these antigens in the erythrocytes of naturally infected children in the Gambia, an antibody-mediated agglutination assay revealed an extreme degree of antigenic diversity. Serum samples from each of ten children in the convalescent stage of malaria infection reacted with infected cells from the same child but generally not with infected cells from the other children. The Gambian children's erythrocytes also expressed shared determinants: sera from Gambian adults often reacted with the surface of infected cells from all of the children and were shown by adsorption and elution experiments to contain antibodies that recognized several isolates. Conserved determinants exposed on infected erythrocytes may be important for development of antimalarial immunity either naturally or through vaccination.
Bitstream specialisation for dynamic reconfiguration of real-time applications (2015)

PhD (Computer and Electronic Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
Production of precise microbiology standards using flow cytometry and freeze drying (2004)

Bacterial reference controls can now be produced with consistent accuracy and unparalleled precision, thus enabling harmonization across the microbiological testing industry.
Linearized InGaP/GaAs HBT MMIC power amplifier with active bias circuit (2002)

A linearizer using a base-emitter voltage predistortion of an active bias transistor is demonstrated. It is composed of an active bias transistor, a resistor, two base-emitter diodes for temperature compensation, and a capacitor for RF signal shorting. It compensates effectively both gain compression and phase advance of the power amplifier. Using the linearizer, an InGaP/GaAs HBT MMIC power amplifier is evaluated for W-CDMA application. The linearizer improves input 1 dB compression power by 17 dB and phase distortion by 19.89/spl deg/ for the HPSK modulated signal at the input power of 3 dBm, and doesn't show any significant increase of RF signal loss and chip area. The linearized two-stage HBT MMIC amplifier exhibits power added efficiency of 37%, a linear power gain of 24.5 dB, and an output power of 28 dBm with an ACPR of -44.5 dBc at 5 MHz offset, under a 3 V operation voltage.
Addressing Performance and Security in a Screen Reading Web Application That Enables Accessibility Anywhere (2008)

The web provides nearly ubiquitous access to information, but access for blind web users requires the use of expensive, specialized software programs called screen readers unlikely to be installed on most computers. WebAnywhere is a self-voicing, web-browsing web application that makes the web accessible for blind web users from most devices with web access. WebAnywhere requires no special permissions or additional software to be installed on the host machine, enabling it provide a self-voicing interface on almost any web-enabled device. WebAnywhere’s interface is written in Javascript, speech is retrieved from a remote server, and sounds are played using either Flash or existing embedded sound players. This paper describes the performance and security implications of the system’s unique design and how it has been engineered to provide usable access anywhere. Specifically, we present prefetching andcaching strategies developed to make the system responsive even on low-bandwidth connections and security considerations that replicate existing browser security policies.
The interface of receptor trafficking and signalling (2001)

The intimate relationship between receptor trafficking and signalling is beginning to reveal its secrets. Receptor endocytosis provides a mechanism for attenuation of signalling by transfer of receptors to degradative compartments. However, it can also determine signalling output by providing a different combination of downstream effectors at endocytic compartments compared with the plasma membrane. Rab5, Hrs and Cbl, are three examples of proteins that can influence both tyrosine kinase receptor trafficking and signalling pathways. By operating at this intersection, they are well placed to couple these aspects of cell function. Each element of the Rab5 GTPase cycle is influenced by signal transduction events, which will correspondingly influence recruitment of effector proteins and receptor distribution. Hrs and Cbl, which both undergo tyrosine phosphorylation in response to growth factor stimulation, are believed to influence receptor sorting in the early endosome and engage in multiple interactions, which may play a direct role in signalling cascades.
Design principles of a variable temperature scanning tunneling microscope (1995)

We report on the construction of a variable temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) operating from 20 to 700 K in UHV, which routinely allows one to image dense packed metal surfaces in atomic resolution down to the lowest temperature. Central problems in designing a variable temperature STM are discussed in some detail. Methods to achieve efficient vibration isolation between the cryostat and the STM are presented. Furthermore, a sample and sample holder assembly is described, which ensures long-term mechanical stability and STM imaging, while subject to extreme temperature variations. The temperature response of the STM while cooling and heating the sample is measured and will be discussed.
Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with nanoparticles-based biosensor for diagnosis of COVID-19 (2020)

ABSTRACT Given the scale and rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, known as 2019-nCov) infection (COVID-19), the ongoing global SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has become a huge public health issue. Rapid and precise diagnostic methods are thus immediately needed for diagnosing COVID-19, providing timely treatment and facilitating infection control. A one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) coupled with nanoparticles-based biosensor (NBS) assay (RT-LAMP-NBS) was successfully established for rapidly and accurately diagnosing COVID-19. A simple equipment (such as heating block) was required for maintaining a constant temperature (63°C) for only 40 min. Using two designed LAMP primer sets, F1ab (opening reading frame 1a/b) and np (nucleoprotein) genes of SARS-CoV-2 were simultaneously amplified and detected in a ‘one-step’ and ‘single-tube’ reaction, and the detection results were easily interpreted by NBS. The sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP-NBS was 12 copies (each of detection target) per reaction, and no cross-reactivity was generated from non-SARS-CoV-2 templates. Among clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients, the analytical sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 was 100% (33/33) in the oropharynx swab samples, and the assay’s specificity was also 100% (96/96) when analyzed the clinical samples collected from non-COVID-19 patients. The total diagnosis test from sample collection to result interpretation only takes approximately 1 h. In sum, the RT-LAMP-NBS is a promising tool for diagnosing the current SARS-CoV-2 infection in first line field, public health and clinical laboratories, especially for resource-challenged regions.
Cell and receptor requirements for streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin T-cell mitogenicity (1991)

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPEs) A, B, and C, like other members of the pyrogenic toxin family, are able to cause toxic shock-like syndromes. One of the major properties of these toxins is the ability to induce T-cell proliferation. Characterization of T cell mitogenicity associated with SPEs A, B, and C was undertaken. SPEs A, B, and C were mitogenic for C57BL10/SnJ and BALB/cWAT T cells, with activities differing in intensity depending on the mouse strain and toxin employed. SPE-induced, T-cell-proliferative activity was dependent on class II major histocompatibility complex molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells. The abilities of SPEs A, B, and C to preferentially stimulate murine cells with certain T-cell receptor V beta s were investigated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. SPE A preferentially activated T cells expressing V beta 8 but not V beta 3, 6, or 11, while SPEs B and C preferentially stimulated T cells which did not express any of the tested V beta s.
EMI reduction from airflow aperture arrays using dual-perforated screens and loss (2000)

Airflow perforations in shielding enclosures can act as apertures facilitating the coupling from internal sources to external electromagnetic interference (EMI). This EMI radiation for single- and dual-screen configurations was studied herein experimentally and with finite-difference time domain (FDTD) modeling. A general EMI reduction of more than 20 dB was achieved for dual-perforated screens spaced 1 cm apart when compared to EMI for a single perforated screen. However, in the dual-screen case, the space between the screens can act as a thin cavity, which, in turn, can lead to significant radiation at distinct angles. Damping the resonances by loading the space between the screens with lossy material mitigates this problem and achieves more than 20-dB reduction over a single screen.
Inverters With Strained Si Nanowire Complementary Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (2013)

Inverters based on uniaxially tensile strained Si (sSi) nanowire (NW) tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) are fabricated. Tilted dopant implantation using the gate as a shadow mask allows self-aligned formation of p-i-n TFETs. The steep junctions formed by dopant segregation at low temperatures improve the band-to-band tunneling, resulting in higher on-currents of n- and p-TFETs of > 10 μA/μm at <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> =0.5 V. The subthreshold slope for n-channel TFETs reaches a minimum value of 30 mV/dec, and is <; 60 mV/dec over one order of magnitude of drain current. The first sSi NW complementary TFET inverters show sharp transitions and fairly high static gain even at very low <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> =0.2 V. The first transient response analysis of the inverters shows clear output voltage overshoots and a fall time of 2 ns at <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> =1.0 V.
Kernel-based reinforcement learning in average-cost problems (2002)

Reinforcement learning (RL) is concerned with the identification of optimal controls in Markov decision processes (MDPs) where no explicit model of the transition probabilities is available. We propose a class of RL algorithms which always produces stable estimates of the value function. In detail, we use "local averaging" methods to construct an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm. Nearest-neighbor regression, grid-based approximations, and trees can all be used as the basis of this approximation. We provide a thorough theoretical analysis of this approach and we demonstrate that ADP converges to a unique approximation in continuous-state average-cost MDPs. In addition, we prove that our method is consistent in the sense that an optimal approximate strategy is identified asymptotically. With regard to a practical implementation, we suggest a reduction of ADP to standard dynamic programming in an artificial finite-state MDP.