gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sigh in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1999)

Mechanical ventilation with plateau pressure lower than 35 cm H2O and high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been recommended as lung protective strategy. Ten patients with ARDS (five from pulmonary [p] and five from extrapulmonary [exp] origin), underwent 2 h of lung protective strategy, 1 h of lung protective strategy with three consecutive sighs/min at 45 cm H2O plateau pressure, and 1 h of lung protective strategy. Total minute ventilation, PEEP (14.0 +/- 2.2 cm H2O), inspiratory oxygen fraction, and mean airway pressure were kept constant. After 1 h of sigh we found that: (1) PaO2 increased (from 92.8 +/- 18.6 to 137.6 +/- 23.9 mm Hg, p < 0.01), venous admixture and PaCO2 decreased (from 38 +/- 12 to 28 +/- 14%, p < 0.01; and from 52.7 +/- 19.4 to 49.1 +/- 18.4 mm Hg, p < 0.05, respectively); (2) end-expiratory lung volume increased (from 1.49 +/- 0.58 to 1.91 +/- 0.67 L, p < 0.01), and was significantly correlated with the oxygenation (r = 0.82, p < 0.01) and lung elastance (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) improvement. Sigh was more effective in ARDSexp than in ARDSp. After 1 h of sigh interruption, all the physiologic variables returned to baseline. The derecruitment was correlated with PaCO2 (r = 0.86, p < 0.01). We conclude that: (1) lung protective strategy alone at the PEEP level used in this study may not provide full lung recruitment and best oxygenation; (2) application of sigh during lung protective strategy may improve recruitment and oxygenation.
High-Resolution Low-Sidelobe Laser Ranging Based on Incoherent Pulse Compression (2012)

A technique for high-resolution laser detection and ranging with strong sidelobe suppression is experimentally demonstrated. This method relies on the transmission of a long unipolar sequence of intensity-modulated pulses, the incoherent direct detection of reflected echoes, and subsequent processing by proper digital filters at the receiver end. The obtained sidelobe suppression nearly replicates that of the bipolar sequences, even though the transmitted sequence is unipolar. Both the transmitted sequence and the receiver-end filter are derived from a bipolar code through a pulse position modulation algorithm. Mismatched filters are used for further sidelobe suppression. Due to the processing gain, ranging measurements are successfully performed at signal-to-noise ratios as low as -20 dB. A range change of 2.5 cm is accurately resolved. The proposed method provides the sidelobe suppression of a complex coherent receiver while using simple incoherent detection.
A Novel Image Encryption Using an Integration Technique of Blocks Rotation Based on the Magic Cube and the AES Algorithm (2012)

In recent years, several encryption algorithms have been proposed to protect digital images from cryptographic attacks. These encryption algorithms typically use a relatively small key space and therefore, provide safe, especially if they are of a dimension. In this paper proposes an encryption algorithm for a new image protection scheme based on the rotation of the faces of a Magic Cube. The original image is divided into six sub-images and these sub-images are divided amongst a number of blocks and attached to the faces of a Magic Cube. The faces are then scrambled using rotation of the Magic Cube. Then the rotated image is fed to the AES algorithm which is applied to the pixels of the image to encrypt the scrambled image. Finally, experimental results and security analysis show that the proposed image encryption scheme not only encrypts the picture to achieve perfect hiding, but the algorithm can also withstand exhaustive, statistical and differential attacks.
Carbon Assimilation in Carrot Cells in Liquid Culture (1986)

Assimilation of carbohydrates by carrot (Daucus carota L. cv Danvers) cells in liquid culture was studied to delineate the major metabolic pathways used in transformation of external carbohydrates to UDP-glucose. The cells grown on either sucrose or glucose for several years proved equally capable of utilizing each of these sugars. Sucrose was rapidly hydrolyzed extracellularly to glucose and fructose, and glucose was preferentially taken up. Uptake of fructose was slower and delayed until glucose was nearly depleted from the medium. Concentrations of cellular sugars, mainly glucose and sucrose, increased during late logarithmic phase of growth and decreased during the plateau phase. Continuous labeling of the cells with d-[(14)C]glucose resulted in rapid accumulation of radioactivity in glucose-6-phosphate and UDP-glucose. Because there was virtually no uptake of sucrose, UDP-glucose was likely derived from glucose-1-phosphate in a reaction catalyzed by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and not directly from sucrose. Concentrations of major nucleotides and nucleotide sugars were maximal during the early logarithmic phase of growth and decreased several-fold in the stationary phase. A modified ;energy charge' for adenylates calculated with the omission of AMP decreased steadily from 0.9 to 0.8 during the course of culture cycle. An analogous uracil nucleotide ratio was considerably lower (0.85) during early culture, decreased to about 0.7 for the entire logarithmic phase, and returned to initial values as cells entered stationary phase. The uracil nucleotide ratio may provide a useful index to assess the coupling between the energy available in phosphoanhydride bond in adenine nucleotides and the demand for sugar for polysaccharide synthesis through uridine diphosphate-sugar pools.
Docetaxel increases the risk of severe infections in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis (2018)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether docetaxel increases the risk of severe infections in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. A thorough literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was performed (up to February 28, 2017) without any language restrictions. In addition, we searched the www.clinicaltrials.gov website and checked each reference listed in the included studies, relevant reviews and guidelines. We also included randomized controlled trials that reported severe infections in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who were administered docetaxel. A metaanalysis was conducted using relative risk and random effects models in Stata 14.0 software. Sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were performed using Stata 14.0 software. We identified 354 records from the initial search, and this systematic review ultimately included 43 trials with 12,447 participants. The results of our metaanalysis showed that docetaxel increased the risk of severe infections [relative risk: 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.51-2.93, I 2 = 69.6%, P = 0.000]. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the type of intervention was a major source of heterogeneity. Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that docetaxel is associated with the risk of severe infections.
Dynamic routing with endpoint admission control for V61P networks (2004)

In this paper, we propose a dynamic routing with endpoint measurement based admission control (EMBAC) for VoIP networks with mesh topology. The basic idea of this admission control is to use probe flows to measure two routes, which are direct route and one of the two-link routes between each VoIP call's originating-terminating node pair. Based on the probe flow's QoS evaluation, the node decides a route for each call. We compare performance of direct routing, basic dynamic routing and advanced dynamic routing by using simulation. It is shown that an advanced dynamic routing with EMBAC works better for minimizing call blocking probability and packet loss rate than direct routing.
Time window analysis and sorting (1991)

Flow cytometric hardware and procedures were developed to continuously analyse and to sort a particular time window in a kinetic response. The technique uses balanced air pressure to drive a stimulus-bead mixture from a vial to a t-junction where it mixes passively with cells. The t-junction is distanced from the flow cell and air pressure regulated so that the stimulation occurs at a fixed and adjustable time before the cells are interrogated by the laser beam. Practical applications of the device demonstrate utility with cells whose responses are seen in seconds or minutes. The device is easily implemented on any sorting flow cytometer.
527. Studies on the behaviour of halides of the transition metals with ammonia. Part II. The reaction of titanium tetrachloride with ammonia (1953)

G. W. A. Fowles and F. H. Pollard, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 2588 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530002588
Genes for Epilepsy Mapped in the Mouse (1991)

The neurological mutant mouse strain E1 is a model for complex partial seizures in humans. The inheritance of epileptic seizures with seven conventional chromosomal markers and over 60 endogenous proviral markers was studied by means of back-crosses of E1 with two seizure-resistant strains, DBA/2J and ABP/LeJ. The major gene responsible for this epileptic phenotype (El-1) was localized to a region distal with respect to the centromere on chromosome 9. At least one other gene, El-2, linked to proviral markers on chromosome 2, also influences the seizure phenotype. In addition, a potential modifier of seizures was detected in the DBA/2J background. The location of El-1 on distal chromosome 9 may allow identification of an epilepsy candidate gene in humans on the basis of conserved synteny with human chromosome 3.
The incidence of and mortality from leukaemias in the UK: a general population-based study (2009)

This is the first general population study to describe the incidence of and mortality from leukaemias in the UK by socio-economic status. Similar mortality across socio-economic gradients in the leukaemias studied suggests equal access to and uptake of services. The exception to this was in AML, where poorer survival in AML patients from lower socio-economic classes may represent a class bias in treatment offered and/or greater co-morbidity in these patients, and warrants further exploration.
Induction of labour : the influences on decision making : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Midwifery at Massey University (2004)

This thesis presents a study using a general qualitative approach that explores the reasons for induction of labour (IOL) for nulliparous women and the influences for women and Lead Maternity Carers (LMCs) on coming to that decision at a secondary care maternity facility in Auckland. It is part of a larger study that compares the outcomes for women who have had their labour induced and those whose labour began spontaneously. Seventy-nine women and 74 of the LMCs who cared for these women were interviewed prior to induction in the period December 2002 to April 2003. The sample was obtained through the induction booking system used at the maternity facility. Age, ethnicity, LMC type and data relating to the reasons for induction, information received, associated interventions and other methods used to induce labour in the community were collected. The qualitative data from the interviews was analysed using Boyatzis' method of thematic analysis and code development. Results showed that the main reason for induction was post-dates, however secondary influences were identified. The hospital booking system was a cause of inductions being commenced earlier than necessary. It appeared women had minimal information about the risks of induction and were not active participants in the decision making process. Communication between the health professionals, women and maternity facility was sometimes poor and led to the indication for induction being unclear. LMCs displayed a balancing of risk as they were conscious of the current research, previous experiences in relation to induction, expectations of peers, litigation and the concerns of women. Women were focused primarily on the safety of their baby. Induction of labour was viewed by women as having both a positive and negative effect on the birth experience. Information sharing, stereotypes held by practitioners, fear of litigation and the type of relationship the LMC and women worked within appeared to influence the decision making to induce labour. A decision making tool that facilitates communication between all parties and outlines the risks and benefits of induction for women and their babies is one recommendation from the study. Research indicates that if such a tool is held by the woman it can promote informed choice in decision making.
도시재생사업에서 리츠의 활용 방안 (2017)

This paper aims to analyze applications of REITs in urban regeneration projects. REITs can play important roles because most urban regeneration projects may include real estate development and investment. First, public funds useful for urban regeneration projects were identified through case studies of Assembly Row of Federal Realty in US and Roppongi Hills Mori Tower of Mori Hills REITs in Japan. Second, three models were suggested for applications of REITs in urban regeneration projects, including independent participation model, PFV-REITs model, and exit strategy-division of roles model.
Charge-Transfer Exciton State and Energy Levels in Tetracene Crystal (1965)

An experimental study of the double-quantum external photoelectric effect in tetracene reveals evidence of an exciton state of energy 2.9 eV different from the normal exciton. This mobile, bulk-generated state is considered to be a charge-transfer (CT) exciton and is most efficiently produced at an energy ≥Ec=3.7 eV. We associate Ec with the lower edge of a relatively broad upper conductivity band. Presumably, there are other conducting states Ec′ such that ECT&lt;Ec′&lt;Ec. The calculated value for the polarization energy of the free electron in the crystal, Pe=Ic—Ec=1.6 eV, where Ic is the threshold energy for external electron emission. This is the same as the polarization energy of the positive hole Ph=Ig—Ic, where Ig is the ionization energy of the tetracene molecule. The electron affinity of the isolated molecule must be less than 0.8 eV. The diffusion length of the charge-transfer exciton is less than 5000 Å.
Quantitative and Qualitative Trapping of Volatile Methylated Selenium Species Entrained through Nitric Acid (2009)

Quantification and speciation of volatile selenium (Se) fluxes in remote areas has not been feasible previously, due to the absence of a simple and easily transportable trapping technique that preserves speciation. This paper presents a chemo-trapping method with nitric acid (HNO3) for volatile Se species, which preserves speciation of trapped compounds. The recovery and speciation of dimethylselenide (DMSe) and dimethyl diselenide (DMDSe) entrained through both concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were compared by HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-HG-AFS analyses. It was demonstrated that trap reproducibility was better for nitric acid and a recovery of 65.2 +/- 1.9% for DMSe and 81.3 +/- 3.9% for DMDSe was found in nitric acid traps. HPLC-ES-MS identified dimethyl selenoxide (DMSeO) as the trapped product of DMSe. Methylseleninic acid (MSA) was identified to be the single product of DMDSe trapping. These oxidized derivatives have a high stability and low volatility, which makes nitric acid a highly attractive trapping liquid for volatile Se species and enables reconstruction of the speciation of those species. The presented trapping method is simple, quantifiable, reproducible, and robust and can potentially be applied to qualitatively and quantitatively study Se volatilization in a wide range of natural environments.
Polyurethane microcapsules for self-healing paint coatings (2014)

Polyurethane microcapsules containing water-borne polyurethane (PU) paint as a core material for self-repairing protection coatings were successfully manufactured <italic>via</italic> interfacial polymerization of diol–diisocyanate prepolymer and 1,4-butanediol as a chain extender in an emulsion solution.
A graphical interface for cooperative access to distributed and heterogeneous database systems (2002)

We present the graphical interface of the system VHDBS, which has been jointly developed by an industrial research project at the Technology Center of the German Telekom and at the Fraunhofer ISST. The VHDBS system enables the integration and interoperation of existing distributed and heterogeneous databases, which were developed independently. The graphical interface FGRAPH of VHDBS provides uniform access to distributed and heterogeneous data. The interface is based on a sophisticated design, which enables browsing on both schema and object level, and allows both query and browsing of objects. In particular the user can move back and forth freely between query and browsing activities. Cooperative access to the data in various underlying databases is supported and platform, location and data model transparency is provided to the user.
Design of the Endobronchial Valve for Emphysema Palliation Trial (VENT): a non-surgical method of lung volume reduction (2007)

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00129584.
A framework for schema updates in an object-oriented database system (2002)

A 'reasonable' minimal set of primitives for updating an object-oriented (O/sub 2/) database schema is defined and the problems which need to be solved in order to obtain a usable schema update mechanism are shown. The distinction between structural and behavioral consistency for the O/sub 2/ system is described in some detail and it is demonstrated how updates could be performed by invoking an interactive tool. Updates are classified in three categories. Each category is explained in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Insulin Use in NIDDM (1990)

The effects of insulin treatment on the pathophysiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are reviewed herein. Short-term studies indicate variable and partial reduction in excessive hepatic glucose output, decrease in insulin resistance, and enhancement of beta-cell function. These beneficial actions may be due to a decrease in secondary glucose toxicity rather than a direct attack on the primary abnormality. Insulin should be used as initial treatment of new-onset NIDDM in the presence of ketosis, significant diabetes-induced weight loss (despite residual obesity), and severe hyperglycemic symptoms. In diet-failure patients, prospective randomized studies comparing insulin to sulfonylurea treatment show approximately equal glycemic outcomes or a slight advantage to insulin. A key goal of insulin therapy is to normalize the fasting plasma glucose level. In contrast to the conventional use of morning injections of intermediate- and long-acting insulin, preliminary studies suggest potential advantages of administering the same insulins only at bedtime. Obese patients may require several hundred units of insulin daily and still not achieve satisfactory control. In some, addition of a sulfonylurea to insulin may reduce hyperglycemia, the insulin dose, or both. However, long-term benefits from such combination therapy remain to be demonstrated conclusively. Established adverse effects of insulin treatment in NIDDM are hypoglycemia, particularly in the elderly, and weight gain. Self-monitoring of blood glucose can identify patients in whom excessive weight gain is caused by subtle hypoglycemia. Whether insulin causes weight gain by direct effects on appetite or energy utilization remains controversial. A potential adverse effect of insulin has been suggested by epidemiological studies showing associations between hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance and increased risk for coronary artery disease, stroke, and hypertension. Although potential mechanisms for an atherogenic action of insulin exist, current evidence does not prove cause and effect and does not warrant withholding insulin therapy (or compromising on dosage) when it is needed.
Sulphides, sulphoxides, and sulphones derived from salicyclic acids (1978)

Methanesulphenyl chloride with 3-t-butyl-6-methylsalicylic acid (7) and pyridine affords the 5-chloro (9), 5-methylthio (10), and 5-pyridinium (11) derivatives. Arenesulphenyl chlorides similarly give chloro and arylthio derivatives. Sulphenylation is favoured by the use of sterically hindered bases. Less substituted salicylic acids give aryl sulphones by Friedel–Crafts reactions, and alkyl sulphides, sulphoxides, and sulphones by chlorosulphonation, reduction to the thiol, alkylation, and oxidation. Some electrophilic substitutions of these compounds are described.
Supplementation of Infant Formula With Probiotics and/or Prebiotics: A Systematic Review and Comment by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition (2010)

Infant formulae are increasingly supplemented with probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics despite uncertainties regarding their efficacy. The present article, developed by the Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, systematically reviews published evidence related to the safety and health effects of the administration of formulae supplemented with probiotics and/or prebiotics compared with unsupplemented formulae. Studies in which probiotics/prebiotics were not administered during the manufacturing process, but thereafter, for example in capsules, the contents of which were supplemented to infant formula or feeds, were excluded.On the basis of this review, available scientific data suggest that the administration of currently evaluated probiotic- and/or prebiotic-supplemented formula to healthy infants does not raise safety concerns with regard to growth and adverse effects. The safety and clinical effects of 1 product should not be extrapolated to other products. At present, there is insufficient data to recommend the routine use of probiotic- and/or prebiotic-supplemented formulae. The Committee considers that the supplementation of formula with probiotics and/or prebiotics is an important field of research. There is a need in this field for well-designed and carefully conducted randomised controlled trials, with relevant inclusion/exclusion criteria and adequate sample sizes. These studies should use validated clinical outcome measures to assess the effects of probiotic and/or prebiotic supplementation of formulae. Such trials should also define the optimal doses and intake durations, as well as provide more information about the long-term safety of probiotics and/or prebiotics. Because most of the trials were company funded, independent trials, preferentially financed jointly by national/governmental/European Union bodies and other international organisations, would be desirable.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Glycerol‐Derived Polycarbonates with Pendant Hydroxyl Groups (2006)

Abstract Summary: A novel type of glycerol‐derived, water‐soluble polycarbonate with pendant, primary hydroxyl groups was prepared from 2‐(2‐benzyloxyethoxy)trimethylene carbonate (BETC). Ring‐opening polymerization of BETC and 2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) gave narrow distribution of homopolymers or random copolymers with high molecular weights. The protecting benzyl groups were removed by catalyzed hydrogenation at atmosphere H 2 pressure to give hydroxyl polycarbonates without observable changes on the polymer backbone and molecular weight distribution. The hydrophilicity of the copolymers increases with the increase in the hydrophilic glycerol‐derived carbonate content. Synthesis of the glycerol‐derived polycarbonate. magnified image Synthesis of the glycerol‐derived polycarbonate.
Langzeitergebnisse nach zementierten Hüft-Totalendoprothesen bei chronischen Polyarthritiden (1998)

Cemented THR shows good long-term-results in RA which with uncemented designs have also to be proved. As a consequence of analysing the (few) failures the cemented THR of Wessinghage with optimized bone-cement-implant-compound was introduced. We demand a high feed back rate in long-term follow-ups also with respect to quality management and comparing data.