gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ice Prevention or Removal on the Veteran's Glass City Skyway Cables (2014)

The Veteran’s Glass City Skyway (VGCS) is a cable - stayed bridge in Toledo, Ohio owned by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). Five times in the seven winters the VGCS has been in service, ice has formed on the stay cables. Ice up to 3/4” thick and conforming to the cylindrical shape of the stay has formed. As the stays warm, ice sheds in curved sheets that fall and can be blown across the bridge. The falling ice sheets pose a potential hazard and may require lane or bridge closure. Because of the specialized knowledge required, this problem required a team including experts in icing, the VGCS construction, the structural measurement system on the bridge, and green technology. The VGCS stay sheaths are made of stainless steel, have a brushed finish, lack the usual helical spiral and have a large diameter. No existing ice anti/deicing technology was found to be practical. Therefore, ODOT elected to manage icing administratively. A real-time ice monitoring system for local weather conditions on the VGCS and the stays was designed. The system collects data from sensors on the bridge and in the region. The study of the past weather and icing events lead to quantitative guidelines about when icing accretion and shedding were likely. The monitoring system tracks the icing conditions on the bridge with a straightforward interface so information on the icing of the bridge is available to the bridge operators. If the conditions favorable to icing occur, the monitoring system notifies the research team and appropriate ODOT officials. If ice forms, the monitor tracks the conditions that might lead to ice fall.
Polyadenylation and U7 snRNP-mediated cleavage: alternative modes of RNA 3' processing in two avian histone H1 genes. (1989)

The six chicken histone H1 genes have 3'-processing sequences typical of replication-dependent histone genes, which are expressed as poly(A)- mRNAs. However, by Northern analysis of RNA from several adult chicken tissues, as well as from embryonal skeletal muscle in vivo and in vitro, we have observed histone H1 transcripts longer than those predicted on the basis of the published genomic sequences. These RNAs are polyadenylated transcripts of the genes H1.01 and H1.10, which encode the 'c fraction' H1 protein subtypes. Both transcripts contain an internal stem-loop and purine-rich box associated with the 3' processing of poly(A)- histone mRNAs. The 2-kb poly(A)+ H1.01 transcript is present at high steady-state levels in tissues with low rates of DNA synthesis, has a longer half-life than the poly(A)- mRNA from the same gene, and is polyribosomal in embryonal skeletal muscle. The 1-kb poly(A)+ H1.10 RNA is the major H1.10 transcript in adult skeletal muscle. The properties of these RNAs suggest that they may contribute to the relaxed replication dependence of c fraction subtype expression. The polyadenylation signals of both genes are unusual in their association with processed (nonhistone) pseudogene-like elements, an arrangement with possible implications for the mechanism of alternative 3'-end formation in these genes.
Trajectory planning for car-like robots in unknown, unstructured environments (2014)

We describe a variable-velocity trajectory planning algorithm for navigating car-like robots through unknown, unstructured environments along a series of possibly corrupted GPS waypoints. The trajectories are guaranteed to be kine-matically feasible, i.e., they respect the robot's acceleration and deceleration capabilities as well as its maximum steering angle and steering rate. Their costs are computed using LiDAR and camera data and depend on factors such as proximity to obstacles, curvature, changes of curvature, and slope. In a second step, velocities for the least-cost trajectory are adjusted based on the dynamics of the vehicle. When the robot is faced with an obstacle on its trajectory, the planner is restarted to compute an alternative trajectory. Our algorithm is robust against GPS error and waypoints placed in obstacle-filled areas. It was successfully used at euRathlon 2013 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , where our autonomous vehicle MuCAR-3 took first place in the “Autonomous Navigation” scenario.
The effects of temporary sessions on network performance (2000)

We consider a packet network, in which packets are injected in sessions along fixed paths. Packet movement is restricted by link bandwidth. In case of contention, a contention resolution protocol determines which packets proceed. In the permanent session model, a fixed set of connections is present in the network at all times. In the temporary session model, connections come and go over time. In this paper we compare network performance in these two models in terms of stability and end-to-end delay. We provide the first separation of the two models in terms of stability. In particular, we show that generalized processor sharing (GPS) can be unstable with temporary sessions, whereas GPS is known to be stable and have polynomial delay bounds with permanent sessions. We also observe that the relative performance of protocols can differ in the two models. For example, in the temporary session model the protocol farthest-to-go (FTG) is known to be stable and therefore outperforms GPS. However, in the permanent session model we show that FTG can suffer exponential delays and is therefore outperformed by GPS. Although polynomial delay bounds are easy to obtain for permanent sessions, this is not the case when sessions can be temporary. We show that a common framework for bounding delays can only lead to superpolynomial bounds in the temporary session model. We also construct superpolynomial lower bounds on delay for a large class of deterministic, distributed protocols that includes the longest-in-system protocol.
Expression of transforming growth factor beta type II receptor reduces tumorigenicity in human gastric cancer cells. (1997)

Expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor type II (RII) is required for the growth-inhibitory effects of TGF-beta on proliferating epithelial cells. TGF-beta RII mutations have been identified in a broad spectrum of human epithelial malignancies, including colon and gastric cancers, and are highly correlated with development of TGF-beta resistance in cell lines derived from these tumors. In this study, the role of TGF-beta RII in regulating the tumorigenic potential of the SNU-638 human gastric cancer cell line was investigated by infecting these cells with retroviral construct (MFG) expressing TGF-beta RII. The SNU-638 cell line displays the DNA replication error phenotype and encodes a truncated, inactive TGF-beta RII protein. Infection of these cells with retroviral constructs expressing wild-type TGF-beta RII led to significant increases in TGF-beta RII mRNA and protein expression. These cells responded to exogenous TGF-beta with reduced proliferation compared to that of control cells infected with retroviral vector expressing chloramphenicol acetyltranferase. Addition of TGF-beta-neutralizing antibodies led to increased proliferation of wild-type TGF-beta RII-expressing SNU-638 cells but had no effect on control cells. The latter finding suggests that TGF-beta acts in an autocrine fashion to inhibit cell proliferation in SNU-638 cells. When transplanted into athymic nude mice, wild-type TGF-beta RII-expressing SNU-638 cells showed decreased and delayed tumorigenicity compared with control cells. This study suggests a strong association between the expression of wild-type TGF-beta RII and the degree of malignancy in human gastric cancer cells.
Trait-based community assembly and succession of the infant gut microbiome (2019)

The human gut microbiome develops over early childhood and aids in food digestion and immunomodulation, but the mechanisms driving its development remain elusive. Here we use data curated from literature and online repositories to examine trait-based patterns of gut microbiome succession in 56 infants over their first three years of life. We also develop a new phylogeny-based approach of inferring trait values that can extend readily to other microbial systems and questions. Trait-based patterns suggest that infant gut succession begins with a functionally variable cohort of taxa, adept at proliferating rapidly within hosts, which gradually matures into a more functionally uniform cohort of taxa adapted to thrive in the anoxic gut and disperse between anoxic patches as oxygen-tolerant spores. Trait-based composition stabilizes after the first year, while taxonomic turnover continues unabated, suggesting functional redundancy in the traits examined. Trait-based approaches powerfully complement taxonomy-based approaches to understanding the mechanisms of microbial community assembly and succession.
Selective inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i> protein synthesis and growth by nonionic oligonucleotides complementary to the 3′ end of 16S rRNA (1981)

A series of nonionic oligonucleotide analogues, the deoxyribooligonucleoside methylphosphonates, were synthesized. The base sequences of these compounds, d(ApGpGp), d(ApGpGp)(2), and d[(ApGpGp)(2)T], are complementary to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence (-A-C-C-U-C-C-U-) found at the 3' end of bacterial 16S rRNA. These nonionic oligonucleotide analogues were tested for their ability to inhibit the in vitro translation of mRNAs in cell-free systems of Escherichia coli and rabbit reticulocyte. In the E. coli system, both d(ApGpGp)(2) and d[(ApGpGp)(2)T] effectively inhibited MS-2 RNA-directed protein synthesis but they had much less effect on either poly(U)- or poly(A)-directed polypeptide synthesis. In the reticulocyte system, these compounds had no significant effect on the translation of globin mRNA. The observation that d[(ApGpGp)(2)[(3)H]T)] binds to 70S ribosomes (association constant, 2.0 x 10(4) M(-1), 37 degrees C) together with the specificity of the inhibitory action of these compounds on protein synthesis strongly suggests that inhibition of translation is a consequence of analogue binding to Shine-Dalgarno sequence of 16S rRNA. The oligonucleoside methylphosphonates inhibited both protein synthesis (without concurrent inhibition of RNA synthesis) and colony formation by E. coli ML 308-225 (a permeable mutant) whose cell wall contains negligible quantities of lipopolysaccharide but had no effect on wild-type E. coli B. Our preliminary results on the uptake of oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates by E. coli B show that these cells are not permeable to oligomers longer than 4 nucleotidyl units. Although oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates are taken up by mammalian cells in culture, this series of analogues had negligible inhibitory effects on colony formation by transformed human cells. This study indicates that this class of nonionic oligonucleotide analogues can be used to probe and regulate the function and structure of nucleic acids of defined sequence within living cells.
Transdermal fentanyl therapy: system design, pharmacokinetics and efficacy (1995)

The transdermal route of drug delivery has been used for the effective administration of therapeutic agents for more than a decade. The most important consideration in selecting a drug for transdermal delivery is the potential for improving therapeutic efficacy. The development of a transdermal fentanyl system provided an opportunity to add fentanyl to the armamentarium of strong opioids available for the treatment of cancer pain. The transdermal route of administration has advantages over both the oral and parenteral routes. In addition, patient and caregiver factors allow improved acceptance of and compliance to strong opioids and therefore improved analgesic outcome. Four transdermal fentanyl systems are available, providing delivery rates ranging from 25-100 micrograms/h; higher rates can be achieved by multiple system application. The system releases fentanyl continuously for 3 days when applied to the skin. Concentrations of fentanyl in the blood are measurable within a few hours of system application. Fentanyl serum concentrations increase gradually, generally levelling off after 12-24 h and remaining relatively constant for the remainder of the 3-day period. Steady state serum concentrations are reached by the second application. Clinical trials have established the efficacy and safety of transdermal fentanyl for the treatment of cancer pain. Transdermal fentanyl is not licensed for the treatment of acute pain, e.g. postoperative pain, and should not be prescribed for this purpose.
Pseudonym management using mediated identity-based cryptography (2005)

Mobile Location-Based Services (LBS) have raised privacy concerns amongst mobile phone users who may need to supply their identity and location information to untrustworthy third parties in order to access these applications. Widespread acceptance of such services may therefore depend on how privacy sensitive information will be handled in order to restore users' confidence in what could become the "killer app" of 3G networks. In this paper, we present a proxy-based public key infrastructure that allows LBS mobile users to shield their identities using pseudonyms and protect their communications using mediated identity-based encryption. In particular, we propose the first identity-based signature scheme applicable in a mediated environment. Furthermore, we introduce a process whereby a mobile user is only required to own one private key in order to protect her communications when accessing LBS under different pseudonyms. The identity-based character of the PKI simplifies significantly key management by removing the need for digital certificates. Its mediated architecture makes key revocation easier and more efficient as it allows for instant revocation of security capabilities.
SafeWind: Towards Improved Wind Power Forecasting Technology with Focus on Extremes (2012)

International audience
[Study on anti-HBV effects of genetically engineered replication-defective hepatitis B virus expressing dominant negative mutants of core protein]. (2004)

Dominant negative mutants of core protein can efficiently suppress wt-HBV replication and the expressions of HBV antigens. With the help of wild-type HBV, the recombinant HBV genome can form and secret HBV like particles, which provides evidence that the antiviral gene will be hepatotropic expression and the antiviral effects will be amplified.
Togs (1866)

Journal Article Togs Get access W. H. Williams W. H. Williams Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s3-X, Issue 252, 27 October 1866, Pages 329–330, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-X.252.329c Published: 27 October 1866
Time ripe for superconductivity? (2002)

Commercial applications of superconducting materials have been slow to take off and the early promise of magnetically-levitated trains, compact electric motors of stunning power, and super-efficient power transmission has, in the main, not been met. Recent emergence of power distribution applications in the US and Europe, however, suggests that this could change. At last, it seems, this singular phenomenon, in which electrical resistance becomes vanishingly small in certain materials at extremely low temperatures, could be about to revolutionize the delivery of electricity. But there is a crucial deadline and failure to meet it could send superconductivity back to the commercial shadows (at least outside the medical and scientific niches where it is a key enabler in analytical instruments, magnetic resonance imaging, and particle accelerators) for another 30 years. Later this decade, the vintage infrastructure of dense copper conductors that supports power distribution in developed countries, in particular in the US, will become due for renewal. (Recent power problems in California were largely those of distribution infrastructure.) At the same time, boosting capacity to serve the needs of increasingly affluent populations will pose a challenge. Superconductivity could provide the answer — if the technology matures in time and cost targets are met.
MS3: A Mediterranean-stile job scheduler for supercomputers - do less when it's too hot! (2015)

Supercomputers machines, HPC systems in general, embed sophisticated and advanced cooling circuits to remove heat and ensuring the required peak performance. Unfortunately removing heat, by means of cold water or air, costs additional power which decreases the overall supercomputer energy efficiency. Free-cooling uses ambient air instead than chiller to cool down warm air or liquid temperature. The amount of heat which can be removed for-free depends on ambient conditions such as temperature and humidity. Power capping can be used to reduce the supercomputer power dissipation to maximize the cooling efficiency. In this paper we present a power capping approach based on Constraint Programming which enables to estimate at every scheduling interval the power consumption of a given job schedule and to select among all possible job schedules the one which maximizes the supercomputer efficiency.
Optical gain enhancement in Fabry–Perot microcavity lasers (1992)

Fabry–Perot microcavities are analyzed in terms of their light emission characteristics. The analysis considers full output coupling, and we calculate both spontaneous and stimulated emission dependencies on cavity length, mirror design, and spectral characteristics. The cavities correspond to vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers in the AlAs-GaAs-InGaAs material system, and a GaAs cavity with Bragg mirrors of CaF2/ZnSe. We show that considerable gain enhancement depends on the degree of coherence in the spontaneous emission, the microcavity length, and the Bragg reflector design.
Lowfat, a mammalian Lix1 homologue, regulates leg size and growth under the Dachsous/Fat signaling pathway during tissue regeneration† (2011)

In the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, missing distal parts of amputated legs are regenerated from blastemas based on positional information. The Dachsous/Fat (Ds/Ft) signaling pathway regulates blastema cell proliferation and positional information along the longitudinal axis during leg regeneration. Herein, we show that the Gryllus homologue of Lowfat (Gb'Lft), which modulates Ds/Ft signaling in Drosophila, is involved in leg regeneration. Gb'lft is expressed in regenerating legs, and RNAi against Gb'lft (Gb'lft(RNAi)) suppressed blastema cell hyperproliferation caused by Gb'ft(RNAi) or Gb'ds(RNAi) but enhanced that caused by Gb'kibra(RNAi) or Gb'warts(RNAi). In Gb'lft(RNAi) nymphs, missing parts of amputated legs were regenerated, but the length of the regenerated legs was shortened depending on the position of the amputation. Both normal and reversed intercalary regeneration occurred in Gb'lft(RNAi) nymphs, suggesting that Gb'Lft is involved in blastema cell proliferation and longitudinal leg regeneration under the Ds/Ft signaling pathway, but it is not required for intercalary regeneration.
Structural Expectation Propagation (SEP): Bayesian Structure Learning for Networks with Latent Variables (2013)

Learning the structure of discrete Bayesian networks has been the subject of extensive research in machine learning, with most Bayesian approaches focusing on fully observed networks. One of the few methods that can handle networks with latent variables is the structural EM algorithm which interleaves greedy structure search with the estimation of latent variables and parameters, maintaining a single best network at each step. We introduce Structural Expectation Propagation (SEP), an extension of EP which can infer the structure of Bayesian networks having latent variables and missing data. SEP performs variational inference in a joint model of structure, latent variables, and parameters, oering two advantages: (i) it accounts for uncertainty in structure and parameter values when making local distribution updates (ii) it returns a variational distribution over network structures rather than a single network, and . We demonstrate the performance of SEP both on synthetic problems and on real-world clinical data.
cDNA Cloning and Characterization of a cis-Retinol/3α-Hydroxysterol Short-chain Dehydrogenase (1997)

We report a mouse cDNA that encodes a 317-amino acid short-chain dehydrogenase which recognizes as substrates 9-cis-retinol, 11-cis-retinol, 5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol, and 5alpha-androstan-3alpha-ol-17-one. This cis-retinol/androgen dehydrogenase (CRAD) shares closest amino acid similarity with mouse retinol dehydrogenase isozymes types 1 and 2 (86 and 91%, respectively). Recombinant CRAD uses NAD+ as its preferred cofactor and exhibits cooperative kinetics for cis-retinoids, but Michaelis-Menten kinetics for 3alpha-hydroxysterols. Unlike recombinant retinol dehydrogenase isozymes, recombinant CRAD was inhibited by 4-methylpyrazole, was not stimulated by ethanol, and did not require phosphatidylcholine for optimal activity. CRAD mRNA was expressed intensely in kidney and liver, in contrast to retinol dehydrogenase isozymes, which show strong mRNA expression only in liver. CRAD mRNA expression was widespread (relative abundance): kidney (100) > liver (92) > small intestine (9) = heart (9) > retinal pigment epithelium and sclera (4.5) > brain (2) > retina and vitreous (1.6) > spleen (0.7) > testis (0.6) > lung (0.4). CRAD may catalyze the first step in an enzymatic pathway from 9-cis-retinol to generate the retinoid X receptor ligand 9-cis-retinoic acid and/or may regenerate dihydrotestosterone from its catabolite 5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol. These data also illustrate the multifunctional nature of short-chain dehydrogenases and provide a potential mechanism for androgen-retinoid interactions.
Stick it in your ear (2015)

The human ear seems to be a rigid anatomical part with no apparent activity, yet many facial and body activity can be measured from it. Research apparatuses and commercial products have demonstrated the capability of monitoring hart rate, tongue activities, jaw motion and eye blinking from the ear. In this paper we describe the design and the implementation of the Outer Ear Interface (OEI) which utilizes a set of infrared proximity sensors to measure the deformation in the ear canal caused by the lower jaw movement. OEI has been used in different applications that requires tracking of jaw activity which includes silent speech recognition, jaw gesture detection and food intake monitoring.
Slice It Hot: Acute Adult Brain Slicing in Physiological Temperature (2014)

Here we present a protocol for preparation of acute brain slices. This procedure is a critical element for electrophysiological patch-clamp experiments that largely determines the quality of results. It has been shown that omitting the cooling step during cutting procedure is beneficial in obtaining healthy slices and cells, especially when dealing with highly myelinated brain structures from mature animals. Even though the precise mechanism whereby elevated temperature supports neural health can only be speculated upon, it stands to reason that, whenever possible, the temperature in which the slicing is performed should be close to physiological conditions to prevent temperature related artifacts. Another important advantage of this method is the simplicity of the procedure and therefore the short preparation time. In the demonstrated method adult mice are used but the same procedure can be applied with younger mice as well as rats. Also, the following patch clamp experiment is performed on horizontal cerebellar slices, but the same procedure can also be used in other planes as well as other posterior areas of the brain.