gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propagation of Blood Clotting in the Complex Biochemical Network of Hemostasis Is Described by a Simple Mechanism (2007)

Hemostasis is the complex biochemical network that controls blood clotting. We previously described a chemical model that mimicked the dynamics of hemostasis based on a simple regulatory mechanisma threshold response due to the competition between production and removal of activators. Here, we used human blood plasma in phospholipid-coated microfluidic channels to test predictions based on this mechanism. We demonstrated that, for a given geometry of channels, clot propagation from an obstructed channel into a channel with flowing blood plasma is dependent on the shear rate in the channel with flowing blood plasma. If confirmed in vivo, these results may explain clot propagation from a small vessel to a larger, clinically relevant vessel. In addition, these results would further validate the use of modular mechanisms, simplified chemical models, and microfluidics to study complex biochemical networks.
Sulfur-containing Pyridine Derivatives. LIII (1957)

Arylthio compounds from 3-amino-6-chloro-2-pyridinethiol were prepared and conditions for the Smiles rearrangement in pyridine derivatives were examined. It was found that the reaction was more easily effected than in benzene derivatives and this was assumed to be the additive effect of ring nitrogen and chlorine in 6-position of the pyridine ring.Azaphenothiazine derivatives were synthesized by the application of this Smiles rearrangement and the possibility of this ring formation was found to be easily understood by the hypothesis of a chelate ring forwarded by Brady and others in connection with phenoxazine-ring formation.
Genomic structure and alternative splicing of 519, a gene expressed late after T cell activation (1992)

Relatively little is known about the transcriptional control of genes expressed late after T cell activation. We have identified four genes expressed 3 to 5 days after T cell activation by alloantigen or mitogen. Here we report the genomic organization of 519, one of these late T cell activation Ag. Analysis of the genomic clone revealed that 519 consists of six exons. Ribonuclease protection experiments indicated that the most abundant transcript arising from this region is an alternatively spliced form of 519, referred to as 520, which lacks exon 2 and is similar in sequence to NKG5, a cDNA identified in NK cells. These experiments also revealed the existence of two other alternatively spliced RNA transcripts, with heterogeneity in exon 2. Primer extension analysis and ribonuclease protection assays demonstrated that there are two prominent start sites for transcription; however, there is no evidence for the NKG5 transcript in T cells, indicating that NKG5 may represent a NK cell-specific form of 520. The 5' flanking region of this gene contains several previously identified sequences involved in transcriptional regulation, as well as some potentially interesting novel conserved motifs.
Efficacy and safety of a new-class hemostatic drug candidate, AV513, in dogs with hemophilia A (2007)

AV513 is a select fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide of botanical origin. It inhibits tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) activity and accelerates clotting of human hemophilia A and B plasma. In prior work, subcutaneous administration of AV513 to mice with hemophilia A improved hemostasis. The current studies were designed to evaluate potential efficacy and safety in dogs with hemophilia A (hemophilia A dogs) with minimally increased hemostasis after adenoassociated viral-FVIII gene transfer and in treatment-naive severe hemophilia A dogs. AV513 administered subcutaneously to low-FVIII dogs for multiple weeks improved hemostasis as exhibited in thromboelastography (TEG) and cuticle bleeding time (CBT) tests. Moreover, AV513 administered orally to AAV-FVIII dogs and treatment-naive severe hemophilia A dogs for a multiweek dose-escalating period yielded correction to normal ranges in both TEG and CBT end points at 5 to 15 mg/kg and 15 to 20 mg/kg dose levels, respectively. In all 3 separate studies, throughout their duration, AV513 was well tolerated by the dogs without any adverse events. Additional pharmacologic characterization of AV513 included intravenous pharmacokinetic analysis in rats. In summary, the combination of safety and efficacy in 2 global tests of hemostasis in the hemophilia A dog model indicate that further evaluation of AV513 as a hemostatic agent in hemophilia A patients is warranted.
The Dreyfus affair and the crisis of French manhood (2004)

In 1894, French army captain Alfred Dreyfus, an Alsatian Jew, was wrongly accused of passing military secrets to the Germans. The ensuing scandal has often been studied for what it reveals about French anti-Semitism and tensions between republicanism and conservatism under the Third Republic. But because treason was considered a cowardly-and therefore effeminate-act, Dreyfus also embodied, for many, the danger of effeminate men masquerading in military uniform. In The Dreyfus Affair and the Crisis of French Manhood historian Christopher E. Forth shows how the rhetoric and images used during the Dreyfus Affair reflected French anxieties about masculinity and modernity, and also facilitated ongoing debates about the state of French manhood through the First World War. Forth first considers the broad gender issues that faced the French at the time of the Dreyfus trial. He examines contemporary newspaper accounts as critiques of the masculine credentials of Jewish men and shows how members of the Jewish press answered allegations of their own cowardice and effeminacy. By situating the figure of the intellectual within the gender anxieties of the time, he shows how Dreyfus's supporters defensively tried to affirm their masculinity by distancing themselves from cowardly Jews, hysterical crowds, and threatening women. This book pays special attention to how the Dreyfus Affair engaged with changing ideals of the male body. Taking as a metaphor the portly body of Dreyfus's most prominent defender, novelist Emile Zola, Forth explores how an emerging emphasis on diet and exercise allowed supporters to celebrate Zola's heroic weight loss. Finally, he examines the relation of the Dreyfus Affair to the culture of force that marked French society during the prewar years, thus accounting for the rise of the youthful athlete as a more compelling manly ideal than the bookish and sedentary intellectual.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Using Graphics Processing Units: Challenges and Opportunities (2011)

A new paradigm for computing fluid flows is the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPU), which have recently become very powerful and convenient to use. In the past three years, we have implemented five different fluid flow algorithms on GPUs and have obtained significant speed-ups over a single CPU. Typically, it is possible to achieve a factor of 50–100 over a single CPU. In this review paper, we describe our experiences on the various algorithms developed and the speeds achieved.
Phase Sequence Estimation for Laser Line-Scan Imagery in the Presence of Rayleigh Fading. (1979)

An airborne laser line-scan imaging system can determine the relative range to a target by power modulation the illuminating laser and detecting the relative phase of the reflected signal with respect to the modulation phase reference. The amplitude of the reflected signal may fluctuate greatly due to such factors as speckle noise and the varying reflectivity of the target, resulting in the severe degradation of performance of commonly used phase detection circuitry. In this report, a maximum-a posteriori (MAP) phase sequence estimator is developed based upon the Viterbi algorithm. The signal is observed in additive, zero mean, white Gaussian noise and the statistics of the amplitude are assumed to be Rayleigh. Perfect knowledge of each realization of the signal amplitude is assumed and the sensitivity to errors in the amplitude estimate is investigated. Expressions for approximate mean-squared error and a lower bound on mean-squared error are developed and verified by a Monte Carlo simulation of the estimator.
Synthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloid, (š)-Salsolidine, Using Thiazolino[2,3-a]isoquinolinone S-Oxide as Intermediate (2001)

Thiazolino[2,3-a]isoquinolinones have been oxidized to the corresponding S-oxides and their 10b-methyl derivatives desulfurized with Raney nickel to give (′) N-acyl salsolidine. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the N-acetyl derivative afforded (′)-salsolidine. C-Methylation reactions of the title heterocyclic system have been investigated throughly. Stereochemistry of the synthesized compounds has been established.
Absorption and release of zinc and copper ions by chitosan fibers (2007)

Abstract Chitosan fibers were treated with aqueous solutions of ZnCl 2 and CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O to prepare zinc and copper containing fibers, respectively. Significant weight gains were obtained as the zinc and copper ions were absorbed onto the fibers through chelation with the primary amine groups. The fibers were then placed in contact with aqueous solutions containing NaCl and water soluble proteins, respectively, to assess the release of zinc and copper ions. Results showed that the release of zinc and copper ions were affected by the treatment temperature, time, and the composition of the contacting media. More metal ions were released when the fibers were in contact with aqueous protein solutions than in NaCl solution, indicating the binding abilities of the protein molecules for zinc and copper ions. The zinc and copper containing fibers were tested for their antimicrobial effects against several species of bacteria commonly found in wound and skin. Results showed that these metal containing chitosan fibers had much stronger antimicrobial properties than the original chitosan fiber. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography at 1050 nm versus 800 nm in retinal pathologies: enhanced performance and choroidal penetration in cataract patients (2007)

Frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT), based on an all-reflective high-speed InGaAs spectrometer, operating in the 1050 nm wavelength region for retinal diagnostics, enables high-speed, volumetric imaging of retinal pathologies with greater penetration into choroidal tissue is compared to conventional 800 nm three-dimensional (3-D) ophthalmic FD-OCT systems. Furthermore, the lower scattering at this wavelength significantly improves imaging performance in cataract patients, thereby widening the clinical applicability of ophthalmic OCT. The clinical performance of two spectrometer-based ophthalmic 3-D OCT systems compared in respect to their clinical performance, one operating at 800 nm with 150 nm bandwidth (approximately 3 microm effective axial resolution) and the other at 1050 nm with 70 nm bandwidth (approximately 7 microm effective axial resolution). Results achieved with 3-D OCT at 1050 nm reveal, for the first time, decisive improvements in image quality for patients with retinal pathologies and clinically significant cataract.
Self-defense: The fruit fly style (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Hydrops fetalis: an unusual prenatal presentation of hereditary congenital lymphedema (2005)

PCL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hydrops fetalis. Knowledge of the favorable course, variable clinical presentation, therapy options and genetic basis should contribute to better pregnancy counseling and management.
Branching Morphogenesis (2008)

Tubular structures are a fundamental anatomic theme recurring in a wide range of animal species. In mammals, tubulogenesis underscores the development of several systems and organs, including the vascular system, the lungs, and the kidneys. All tubular systems are hierarchical, branching into segments of gradually diminishing diameter. There are only 2 cell types that form the lumen of tubular systems: either endothelial cells in the vascular system or epithelial cells in all other organs. The most important feature in determining the morphology of the tubular systems is the frequency and geometry of branching. Hence, deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the sprouting of new branches from preexisting ones is the key to understanding the formation of tubular systems. The morphological similarity between the various tubular systems is underscored by similarities between the signaling pathways which control their branching. A prominent feature common to these pathways is their duality--an agonist counterbalanced by an inhibitor. The formation of the tracheal system in Drosophila melanogaster is driven by fibroblast growth factor and inhibited by Sprouty/Notch. In vertebrates, the analogous pathways are fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta in epithelial tubular systems or vascular endothelial growth factor and Notch in the vascular system.
Porous Cobalt‐Based Thin Film as a Bifunctional Catalyst for Hydrogen Generation and Oxygen Generation (2015)

A mixed-phased Co-based catalyst composed of Co phosphide and Co phosphate is successfully fabricated for bifunctional water electrolysis. The highly porous morphology in this anodized film enables efficient catalytic activity toward water splitting in an extremely low loading mass. The mixed phases in the porous film afford an ability to generate both H2 and O2 in a single electrolyzer.
Enhanced butanol production by eukaryotic <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> engineered to contain an improved pathway (2014)

Compared with ethanol, butanol has more advantageous physical properties as a fuel, and biobutanol is thus considered a promising biofuel material. Biobutanol has often been produced by Clostridium species; however, because they are strictly anaerobic microorganisms, these species are challenging to work with. We attempted to introduce the butanol production pathway into yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a well-known microorganism that is tolerant to organic solvents. 1-Butanol was found to be produced at very low levels when the butanol production pathway of Clostridium acetobutylicum was simply introduced into S. cerevisiae. The elimination of glycerol production pathway in the yeast contributed to the enhancement of 1-butanol production. In addition, by the use of trans-enoyl-CoA reductase in the engineered pathway, 1-butanol production was markedly enhanced to yield 14.1 mg/L after 48 h of cultivation.
DIFC programs by automatic instrumentation (2010)

Decentralized information flow control (DIFC) operating systems provide applications with mechanisms for enforcing information flow policies for their data. However, significant obstacles keep such operating systems from achieving widespread adoption. One key obstacle is that DIFC operating systems provide only low-level mechanisms for allowing application programmers to enforce their desired policies. It can be difficult for the programmer to ensure that their use of these mechanisms enforces their high-level policies, while at the same time not breaking the underlying functionality of their application. These are issues both for programmers who would develop new applications for a DIFC operating system and for programmers who would port existing applications to a DIFC operating system. Our work significantly eases these tasks. We present as automatic technique that takes as input a program with no DIFC code, and two policies: one that specifies prohibited information flows and one that specifies flows that must be allowed. Our technique then produces a new version of the input program that satisfies the two policies. To evaluate out technique, we implemented it in an automatic tool, called Swim (for Secure What I Mean), and applied it to a set of real-world programs and policies. The results of our evaluation demonstrate that the technique is sufficiently expressive to produce programs for real-world policies, and that it can produce such programs efficiently. It thus represents a significant contribution towards developing systems with strong end-to-end information flow guarantees.
Induction of complete and irreversible damage to malignant glioma cells by L-2,4 diaminobutyric acid. (1984)

L-2,4 Diaminobutyric acid (DAB), a non-physiological amino acid, induced an irreversible injury to human malignant glioma cells when incubated for 24h at an amino acid concentration of 6 mmol/l at 37 degrees C. The same treatment of the human glia cells did not result in any cellular damage; not even a concentration as high as 20 mmol/l of the amino acid under the same incubation conditions did affect these cells. However, a further increase in amino acid concentration above that level resulted in a gradual loss of viability among the human glia cells. An experimentally induced rat glioma cell line was also affected by DAB, although displaying less sensitivity than the human glioma cells, and complete cellular destruction was achieved at 16 mmol/l of DAB, i.e. well below the critical concentration for human glia cells. The destructive effect by DAB was pH-sensitive. The N-methylated analogue of a - amino-isobutyric acid exerted a specific inhibitory action on DAB activity, but other amino acids were also inhibitory to various degrees at higher concentrations. Future clinical applications in the treatment of malignant brain tumours in man are discussed.
Ferroelectric/Antiferroelectric Pb(Zr<sub>0.8</sub>Ti<sub>0.2</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>/PbZrO<sub>3</sub> Epitaxial Multilayers: Growth and Thickness-Dependent Properties (2008)

Epitaxial ferroelectric/antiferroelectric PbZr 0.8 Ti 0.2 O 3 /PbZrO 3 multilayers were grown on SrTiO 3 (100) substrates, covered with a SrRuO 3 (100) bottom electrode and a thin tetragonal PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 buffer layer, using pulsed laser deposition. Polarization-field, switching current-voltage and capacitance-voltage curves show a mixed antiferroelectric-ferroelectric behavior of the multilayers with an individual layer thickness above 10 nm, but below 10 nm the multilayers show only ferroelectric behavior. Obviously the PbZrO 3 layers thinner than 10 nm underwent a transition into the ferroelectric state. An X-ray diffraction θ -2θ scan showed a corresponding orthorhombic-to-rhombohedral transition of the PbZrO 3 layers. The observations are discussed in terms of a strain effect.
Shelf-life of maize-soya based ready-to-eat extruded snacks. (1998)

Maize : Soya blend (75:25) extruded at 150°C as sweet (10%\nsugar) or spiced (2% chilli powder) were packed in Polypropylene\n(PP) and a laminate of metallised polyester with low\ndensity polyethylene (M-PEΊΊPE) and stored at 38°C, 90% RH\n(accelerated conditions) and 27°C, 65% RH (normal conditions)\nfor 60 days. Polypropylene of 35μm thickness and M-PET/PE 13\nμml/150 μm thickness werefound to be inadequate to protect the\nproducts for 60 days at 38°C, 90%RH. At 27°C, 65% RH, both\nPP and M-PET/PE gave a shelf-life of more than 60 days for the\nspiced product. At the same storage condition for the sweet\nsample, the PP gave a shelf-life of only 48 days while the M-PET/\nPE gave a shelf-life of more than 60 days.
Non-homologous DNA end joining in plant cells is associated with deletions and filler DNA insertions (1997)

Double strand DNA breaks in plants are primarily repaired via non-homologous end joining. However, little is known about the molecular events underlying this process. We have studied non-homologous end joining of linearized plasmid DNA with different termini configurations following transformation into tobacco cells. A variety of sequences were found at novel end junctions. Joining with no sequence alterations was rare. In most cases, deletions were found at both ends, and rejoining usually occurred at short repeats. A distinct feature of plant junctions was the presence of relatively large, up to 1.2 kb long, insertions (filler DNA), in approximately 30% of the analyzed clones. The filler DNA originated either from internal regions of the plasmid or from tobacco genomic DNA. Some insertions had a complex structure consisting of several reshuffled plasmid-related regions. These data suggest that double strand break repair in plants involves extensive end degradation, DNA synthesis following invasion of ectopic templates and multiple template switches. Such a mechanism is reminiscent of the synthesis-dependent recombination in bacteriophage T4. It can also explain the frequent 'DNA scrambling' associated with illegitimate recombination in plants.
AN APL MACHINE. (1970)

onyvnrrnnty or represcatnt~on.cxpressedor ~mpued.vnthrespect to the nceu-1 I ~C Y .eomo1etonesB.or
A prospective study of hypertension and the incidence of kidney stones in men (1999)

Hypertension in middle-aged men is a significant predictor of kidney stone disease rather than a consequence of renal damage caused by the kidney stones.
Nonvolatile low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film-transistor memory devices with oxide-nitride-oxide stacks (2007)

Nonvolatile memory devices with oxide-nitride-oxide stack structures were fabricated on glass substrates using low-temperature polycrystalline silicon technology. The Fowler-Nordheim tunneling scheme is more suitable than channel hot carrier injection for the programming of the polycrystalline silicon nonvolatile memory device. A memory window of 1.5V can be obtained at a programming voltage of 20V. After 104 programming/erasing cycles, a threshold voltage shift of 1.5V is maintained. Furthermore, the proposed memory device exhibits good retention for 50h at 60°C without a significant decline in the memory window.
sFlt-1 Gene Therapy of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma (2003)

Tumor progression largely depends on blood supply and neovessel formation, and angiogenesis is emerging as a promising target for cancer therapy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major proangiogenic molecule, stimulates angiogenesis via promoting endothelial proliferation, survival and migration. VEGF has been found to be up-regulated in various types of tumors and to be associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Inhibition of VEGF or its signaling pathway has been shown to suppress tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. In the present study, we tested the antiangiogenic and antitumor effects of soluble VEGF receptor-1 [soluble Flt (sFlt)-1] on the growth of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). We constructed a 293 embryonic kidney cell line (293-Flt1-3d) that expresses sFlt-1, which is composed of the first three extracellular domains of Flt-1. The 293-Flt1-3d cells inhibited the in vitro growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. The in vivo antitumor and antiangiogenic activities of the 293-Flt1-3d cells were tested. When 293-Flt1-3d cells were inoculated at a site remote to the FTC-133 tumor transplant, the growth of FTC-133 tumors were inhibited by 70.37%, as compared with the control treatment with 293 cells expressing control gene LacZ. Immunohistochemical analysis of microvessel densities in treated tumors demonstrated that 293-Flt1-3d cells robustly suppressed intratumoral angiogenesis. Our data suggest that a mammalian cell-mediated approach could effectively deliver sFlt-1 gene therapy and inhibit tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth.