gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronic acid for preventing experimental postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions. (1994)

Adhesions, which form in > 60% of patients following major abdominopelvic surgery, are a common cause of morbidity and infertility in women. Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring polysaccharide that has been shown to be beneficial in ophthalmic surgery and as intraarticular injections. This study was designed to examine the use of hyaluronic acid as an agent for adhesion prevention after experimental abrasion of rat uterine horns and to explore its possible mechanism of action. Twenty-nine female Sabra rats were randomly assigned to either a saline (n = 13) or hyaluronic acid (n = 16) group. Adhesions were created by local abrasion of the uterine surfaces. Five milliliters of 1% hyaluronic acid or saline was instilled intraperitoneally. Three weeks later the animals were killed and subjected to a second laparotomy. Intraabdominal adhesions were graded on the basis of gross appearance using a scoring system from 0 to 5. The adhesion score in the animals treated with hyaluronic acid was significantly (P < .001) lower than that in the control animals. Hyaluronic acid did not affect the attachment or proliferation of fibroblasts but had an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Intraperitoneal instillation of 1% hyaluronic acid significantly minimized adhesions formed experimentally. The mechanism of action may involve inhibition of platelet aggregation.
Effect of common B-RAF and N-RAS mutations on global gene expression in melanoma cell lines (2005)

We studied global gene expression in three melanoma cell lines with the most common and potent V600E mutation in the B-RAF gene-four cell lines with a common Q61R mutation in the N-RAS gene and three cell lines with no mutations using human HG-U133A 2.0 micro-arrays with 22 277 transcripts. Data analysis using stringent criteria revealed several upregulated and downregulated genes in cell lines with B-RAF and N-RAS mutations compared with cell lines without mutations. We found 29 genes specifically upregulated and 32 genes downregulated in cell lines with B-RAF mutations, whereas 70 genes were upregulated and 39 downregulated in cell lines with N-RAS mutations; 11 genes showed overlapping upregulation and 45 downregulation. The micro-array data for nine selected genes were validated by the real-time PCR technique. Expression of a large number of genes, that encode members or regulators of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways or are involved in metastasis or invasion, was affected in cell lines with mutations in B-RAF and N-RAS. Upregulated genes in cell lines with mutations included dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), sprouty 2 (SPRY2), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 (AKT3) and matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14); downregulated genes included interleukin 18 (IL18), Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) and inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2). Our results, though carried on cell lines, provide a novel insight into the effect of mutations in the B-RAF and N-RAS genes on global gene expression in melanoma and highlight the complexity of mechanisms involved in tumour initiation and maintenance.
Purification and characterization of a polypeptide from chick brain that promotes the accumulation of acetylcholine receptors in chick myotubes. (1986)

Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are packed in the postsynaptic membrane at neuromuscular junctions at a density of approximately 20,000/micron 2, whereas the density a few micrometers away is less than 20/micron 2. To understand how this remarkable distribution comes about during nerve-muscle synapse formation, we have attempted to isolate factors from neural tissue that can promote the accumulation of AChRs and/or alter their distribution. In this paper we report the purification of a polypeptide from chick brains that can increase the rate of insertion of AChR into membranes of cultured chick myotubes at a concentration of less than 0.5 ng/ml. Based on SDS PAGE and the action of neuraminidase, the acetylcholine receptor-inducing activity (ARIA) appears to be a 42,000-D glycoprotein. ARIA was extracted in a trifluoroacetic acid-containing cocktail and purified to homogeneity by reverse-phase, ion exchange, and size exclusion high pressure liquid chromatography. Dose response curves indicate that the activity has been purified 60,000-fold compared with the starting acid extract and approximately 1,500,000-fold compared with a saline extract prepared from the same batch of brains. Although the ARIA was purified on the basis of its ability to increase receptor incorporation, we found that it increased the number and size of receptor clusters as well. It is not yet clear if the two effects are independent. The 42-kD ARIA is extremely stable: it was not destroyed by exposure to intact myotubes, low pH, organic solvents, or SDS. Its action appears to be selective in that the increase in the rate of receptor insertion was not accompanied by an increase in the rate of protein synthesis. Moreover, there was no change in cellular, surface membrane, or secreted acetylcholinesterase. The effect of ARIA is apparently independent of the state of activity of the target myotubes as its effect on receptor incorporation added to that of maximal concentrations of tetrodotoxin.
Analysis of Engineered Multifunctional Peptide Synthetases (1999)

The combinatorial reorganization of distinct modules of multimodular peptide synthetases is of increasing interest for the generation of new peptides with optimized bioactive properties. Each module is at least composed of enzymatic domains responsible for the adenylation, thioester formation, and condensation of an amino acid residue of the final peptide product. We analyzed various possible fusion sites for the recombination of peptide synthetases and evaluated the impact of different recombination strategies on the amino acid adenylation and acyl-thioester formation activities of peptide synthetase modules. Hybrid bimodular peptide synthetases were generated by recombination of the corresponding reading frames encoding for L-glutamic acid- and L-leucine-specific modules of surfactin synthetase SrfA-A at presumed inner- and intradomainic regions. We demonstrate that fusions at a previously postulated hinge region, dividing the amino acid adenylating domains of peptide synthetase modules into two subdomains, and at the highly conserved 4'-phosphopantetheine binding motif in acyl-thioester forming domains resulted in enzymatically active hybrid domains. By contrast, most manipulations in condensation domains like deletions, the complete exchange or the construction of chimeric domains considerably reduced or completely abolished the amino acid adenylation and thioester formation activity of the hybrid module.
Differential Cross-Section Measurement for the<sup>10</sup>B(<i>n</i>,<i>α</i>)<sup>7</sup>Li Reaction (2002)

The differential cross sections of the 10B(n, α)7Li reaction were measured at 4.17, 5.02, 5.74, and 6.52 MeV by using a gridded ionization chamber. Neutrons were produced through the D(d,n)3He reaction. The absolute neutron flux was determined through the 238U(n,f) reaction. The experiment shows that as the neutron energy increases from 4.17 to 6.52 MeV, the differential cross section changes from almost 90-deg symmetry to obviously backward peaked in the center-of-mass reference system.
Brain natriuretic peptide versus atrial natriuretic peptide—physiological and pathophysiological significance in children and adults: a review (1996)

Since the discovery of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the cardiac atrium (1, 2). ANP has been implicated in body fluid homeostasis and blood pressure control as a cardiac hormone. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a second member of the natriuretic peptide family, was isolated originally from the mammalian brain and has a remarkable sequence homology to ANP (3–5). Following its discovery, it has been elucidated that BNP is synthesized and secreted primarily by the cardiac ventricle and is also a cardiac hormone like ANP (6, 7).
Theory and Performance of the Iconoscope (1937)

Field tests have shown the present standard Iconoscope to be a very satisfactory television pickup device. However, from a theoretical point of view the efficiency of the Iconoscope as a storage system is rather low. The principal factors responsible for the low efficiency are lack of collecting field for photoelectrons, and losses caused by the redistribution of secondary electrons produced by the beam. Limits to the sensitivity of the standard Iconoscope are set by the ratio of picture signal to amplifier and coupling resistor noise. Experimental and theoretical determinations indicate that an excellent picture can be transmitted with from two and one-half to six millilumens per square centimeter on the mosaic. Two methods are considered by which the sensitivity may be increased. The first is by the use of secondary emission signal multipliers and a low capacitance mosaic, while the second makes use of secondary emission image intensification. The sensitivity limits for the two cases are calculated.
Integration of benzocyclobutene polymers and silicon micromachined structures using anisotropic wet etching (2004)

Integration of thick, low-k dielectric benzocyclobutene (BCB) film with deep etched structures in silicon allows the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices with low parasitic loss. A fabrication process is developed for integration of 1-μm-thick BCB low-k dielectric film and 200-μm-deep anisotropically etched grooves in silicon with potassium hydroxide (KOH). In order to protect the low-k film during the highly corrosive, long, high-temperature KOH etching process, gold (Au) is used as an etch mask. Chromium (Cr) is used to improve the adhesion of Au to the underlying BCB layer. Metal-BCB adhesion is the key parameter in this masking design. Partial cure of BCB at 210 °C for 40 min with appropriate surface treatment (adhesion promoter) prior to metallization and full cure at 250 °C for 1 h after metallization, together with Cr/Au sputtering at 200 °C, improves the adhesion dramatically. The adhesion strength of metal films to BCB was experimentally verified in a qualitative manner. V grooves were etched into silicon in 20 wt%, 80 °C KOH solution for 8 h in the presence of 1 μm BCB film. BCB was protected and kept intact with an Au mask layer during the etch process. In order to understand the mechanism of the adhesion improvement, the interface between BCB and the Cr/Au layer was studied using secondary ion mass spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. Adhesion improvement which is mainly due to cure management and use of adhesion promoter is associated with (1) the diffusion of silicon and carbon from the polymer structure into the Cr layer, and (2) the chemical interaction of BCB and Cr at the interface mainly in the form of the oxidation of Cr. The integration of BCB and the KOH etching process which was obtained by improving the adhesion of metal etch mask to the BCB film, together with the study of the interfaces, allow us to use thick low dielectric constant BCB film for fabrication of MEMS devices with very low parasitic loss.
Parallel search algorithms for robot motion planning (2002)

The authors show that parallel search techniques derived from their sequential counterparts can enable the solution of instances of the robot motion planning problem which are computationally infeasible on sequential machines. A parallel version of a robot motion planning algorithm based on quasibest first search with randomized escape from local minima and random backtracking is presented. Its performance on a problem instance, which was computationally infeasible on a single processor of an nCUBE2 multicomputer, is discussed. The limitations of parallel robot motion planning systems are discussed, and a course for future work is suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Structure−Activity Relationship and Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Studies on Novel Derivatives of 2,4-Diamino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline α<sub>1</sub>-Adrenoceptor Antagonists (1999)

A new series of novel piperazine and non-piperazine derivatives of 2, 4-diamino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline was synthesized and evaluated for binding affinity toward alpha1-adrenergic and other G-protein-coupled aminergic receptors. The alpha1-adrenoceptor (AR) subtype selectivity was also investigated for the most interesting compounds. Only compound 16 showed moderate selectivity toward the alpha1b-AR subtype. Selected compounds were tested in vivo in a dog model indicating activity on blood pressure and on the lower urinary tract. Compound 10 showed in vivo potency close to that of prazosin. Powerful interpretative and predictive theoretical QSAR models have been obtained. The theoretical descriptors employed in the rationalization of the alpha1-adrenergic binding affinity depict the key features for receptor binding which can be summarized in an electrostatic interaction between the protonated amine function and a primary nucleophilic site of the receptor, complemented by short-range attractive (polar and dispersive) and repulsive (steric) intermolecular interactions. Moreover, on predictive grounds, the ad hoc derived size and shape QSAR model developed in a previous paper (Rastelli, G.; et al. J. Mol. Struct. 1991, 251, 307-318) proved to be successful in predicting nanomolar alpha1-adrenergic binding affinity for compound 28.
Genome-Wide Computational and Expression Analyses Reveal G-Quadruplex DNA Motifs as Conserved <i>cis</i>-Regulatory Elements in Human and Related Species (2008)

Using a combination of in silico and experimental approaches, we present evidence that the G-quadruplex (G4) motif (an alternative higher-order DNA conformation) has regulatory potential. Genome-wide analyses of 99980 human, chimpanzee, mouse, and rat promoters showed enrichment of sequence with potential to adopt G4 (potential G4 or PG4) motifs near transcription start sites (TSS; P < 0.0001), supporting earlier findings. Interestingly, we found >700 orthologously related promoters in human, mouse, and rat conserve PG4 motif(s). The corresponding genes have enriched (z score > 4.0) tissue-specific expression in 75 of 79 human tissues and are significantly overrepresented in signaling and regulation of cell-cycle (P < 10(-05)). This is supported by results from whole genome expression experiments in human HeLa S3 cells following treatment with TMPyP4 [5,10,15,20-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine chloride], which is known to bind the G4 motif inside cells. Our results implicate G4-motif mediated regulation as a more general mode of transcription control than currently appreciated.
MicroRNAs in cardiovascular disease (2016)

miRNAs are crucial regulators of cardiac phenotype and have enthused both basic scientists and clinicians alike. With advancement of technology and better understanding of mechanisms governing miRNA deregulation, we are at the crossroads for deciphering miRNA function and modulating it for therapeutics.
Polyphosphate Derived from Lactobacillus brevis Inhibits Colon Cancer Progression Through Induction of Cell Apoptosis. (2016)

Although probiotics are known to have antitumor activity, few bacteria-derived antitumor molecules have been identified. The present study explored an antitumor molecule derived from Lactobacillus brevis SBL8803 (L. brevis 8803) and the mechanisms that underlie its effects. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by a sulforhodamine B assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP staining, respectively. Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) expression were detected by western blotting. The conditioned medium of L. brevis 8803 inhibited SW620 cells viability and the effect was reduced by the degradation of polyphosphate (poly P) in the conditioned medium. A xenograft model showed that poly P inhibited the growth of SW620 cells. Poly P induced the apoptosis of SW620 cells through activation of the ERK pathway. In contrast, in primary cultured cells derived from normal mouse, poly P did not affect cell viability. Probiotic-derived poly P is expected to be an antitumor drug with fewer adverse effects than conventional drugs.
The synergistic therapeutic effect of cisplatin with Human papillomavirus E6/E7 short interfering RNA on cervical cancer cell lines <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2011)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are the major etiologic factors in the development of cervical epithelial neoplasia. Our study was designed to validate antiviral short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the E6 and E7 oncogenes as a potential chemosensitizer of cisplatin (cis-diaminedichloroplatinum II; CDDP) in cervical carcinoma. Specifically, the therapeutic efficacy of combination of CDDP and E6/E7-specific siRNA was assessed in an in vivo cervical cancer xenograft models. The combination of CDDP and E6/E7-specific siRNA had greater efficacy than the combination of CDDP and E6-specific siRNA especially in terms of inducing cellular senescence. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, the mechanism of synergy between these two treatments was revealed, demonstrating that the combination of E6/E7-specific siRNA and CDDP therapy was significantly superior to either modality alone. In vitro, long-term exposure of HeLa cells to the combination of CDDP and E6/E7-specific siRNA induced apoptosis and cellular senescence. In vivo, E6/E7-specific siRNA potentiated the antitumor efficacy of CDDP via induction of apoptosis, senescence and antiangiogenesis. Our results suggest that E6/E7-specific siRNA may be an effective sensitizer of CDDP chemotherapy in cervical cancer.
Unstable phenomenon of flow in a mixing vessel with a marine propeller. (1991)

Unstable flow phenomena in a mixing vessel with a marine propeller were investigated experimentally using flow visualization and LDV techniques. It was found that the instantaneous bulk flow profiles were usually asymmetric with respect to the impeller shaft and they fluctuated in the large time scale. The circulation flow patterns in the space between two adjacent baffles were classified into quick-return flow (QR), full-circulation flow (FC) and intermediate-circulation flow (IC), which were replaced randomly one after another with time. Their lifetimes were widely distributed from about half a second to several minutes. Connected with the circulation flow patterns, the impeller stream was directed vertically downward or obliquely outward to the vessel wall and held a high level of angular momentum when pattern FC took place, while the impeller stream was directed obliquely inward to the impeller shaft with a low level of angular momentum when pattern QR took pace.
Expanding domain sentiment lexicon through double propagation (2009)

In most sentiment analysis applications, the sentiment lexicon plays a key role. However, it is hard, if not impossible, to collect and maintain a universal sentiment lexicon for all application domains because different words may be used in different domains. The main existing technique extracts such sentiment words from a large domain corpus based on different conjunctions and the idea of sentiment coherency in a sentence. In this paper, we propose a novel propagation approach that exploits the relations between sentiment words and topics or product features that the sentiment words modify, and also sentiment words and product features themselves to extract new sentiment words. As the method propagates information through both sentiment words and features, we call it double propagation. The extraction rules are designed based on relations described in dependency trees. A new method is also proposed to assign polarities to newly discovered sentiment words in a domain. Experimental results show that our approach is able to extract a large number of new sentiment words. The polarity assignment method is also effective.
Enhanced CRLH Transmission Line Performances Using a Lattice Network Unit Cell (2009)

A novel topology for the composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) is presented. This type of CRLH TLs has the advantage of exhibiting an all-pass behavior and a frequency-independent characteristic impedance, in the so-called balanced case. Moreover, it presents a larger group velocity than its conventional counterpart, thereby allowing for wider bandwidth operation. This letter investigates the fundamental properties of this structure, and demonstrates them by full-wave simulation and measurement results on a practical implementation in parallel stripline technology.
Protection by WR1065 and WR151326 against Fission-Neutron-Induced Mutations at the HGPRT Locus in V79 Cells (1989)

The radioprotectors WR1065 and WR151326, each at a concentration of 4 mM, protect against cell killing and mutagenesis at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus in V79 Chinese hamster fibroblast cells exposed to fission-spectrum neutrons (mean energy of 0.85 MeV) from the JANUS reactor. Significant protection against neutron-induced cell lethality occurred only when the radioprotectors were present during irradiation; e.g., D0's and n's were 82 Gy, 1.27 for control cells; 97 Gy, 1.51 for WR1065-protected cells; and 120 Gy, 1.00 for WR151326-protected cells, respectively. Mutation induction by JANUS fission-spectrum neutrons was linear over the dose range tested giving rise to a mutation frequency of 109.3 x 10(-6)/Gy. In comparison with 60Co gamma rays (mutation frequency 8.7 X 10(-6)/Gy), JANUS neutrons, at a dose rate of 24 cGy/min, were over 12 times more effective in inducing HGPRT mutations. Both WR1065 and WR151326 afforded protection against the induction of mutants by neutrons, even when they were administered up to 3 h after irradiation; i.e., mutation frequencies were 40.9, 48.8 and 68.6 X 10(-6)/Gy for WR1065 present during, present immediately after, or added 3 h after irradiation, respectively; and 61.7, 47.8, and 68.5 X 10(-6)/Gy for WR151326 present at the same times.