gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature (<100°C) Deposition of Aluminum Oxide Thin Films by ALD with O[sub 3] as Oxidant (2006)

films were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using trimethylaluminum and as precursor and oxidant, respectively, at growth temperatures ranging from room temperature to on Si(100) substrates. Growth rate and refractive index of the films decreased from and increased from 1.52 to 1.65, respectively, with increasing growth temperature. The dielectric constant slightly increased from 6.8 to 8 with increasing growth temperature in the same temperature range. films grown using as oxidant show a smaller hysteresis, lower leakage current density, and higher breakdown field strength compared to those using as oxidant at the same growth temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the films grown at lower temperatures have a smaller bandgap energy. The films grown at a temperature as low as showed reasonable dielectric properties for dielectric film applications on flexible substrates.
Extending CIELAB: Vividness, , depth, , and clarity, (2013)

Abstract CIE L * , a * , b * is a rectangular coordinate system used extensively for numerical color communication and quality assurance. Often the a*, b* coordinates are rotated to cylindrical polar coordinates of (radial distance) and h ab (angle measured counterclockwise from the a* axis), reasonably relating to chroma and hue. When each coordinate is considered independently, it is observed that colors in our daily experiences do not change in a similar independent fashion. Changes in concentration for mixtures of colorants result in changes in both chroma and lightness. Directly illuminated three‐dimensional colored objects change in both chroma and lightness between direct illumination and either shadow or highlight. Two new coordinates are defined for CIELAB: vividness, , and depth, . Each represents a Euclidean distance from a color defined by L* and to of 0 and either L* = 0 for vividness or L* = 100 for depth. Image‐based visualizations were made to demonstrate how changes in these variables led to color changes more representative of our daily experiences. For cases where a color and background had the same lightness, it was observed that colors became less distinct with a reduction in chroma. A third dimension was defined, clarity, , a Euclidean distance from a color defined by L*, a *, and b * to its background color, similarly defined. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 322–330, 2014
Factors Affecting Stereocontrol during Glycosidation of 2,3-Oxazolidinone-Protected 1-Tolylthio-<i>N</i>-acetyl-<scp>d</scp>-glucosamine (2005)

[reaction: see text] It is demonstrated that a ring-fused 2,3-oxazolidinone-protected derivative of 1-tolylthio-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine undergoes high-yield glycosidation under mild donor activation conditions. Stereoselective formation of alpha-linked or beta-linked glycosides is dependent on reactivity of acceptor alcohols, where rate of glycosidation correlates to stereochemical outcome. Evidence for the role of glycosyl triflate intermediates and the N-acetyl substituent of the 2N,3O-oxazolidinone ring in stereochemical control is presented.
Performance investigation of hybrid converter systems for mobile mining applications (2013)

To supply the AC high power drive systems, several Active Front-Ends (AFEs) with DC choppers are currently used to ensure reliable operation and an acceptable harmonic current spectrum. Recently, integration of the energy storage system with the mining equipment as an example of large mobile multimotor applications has received industry attention, especially for peak load shaving and energy management of the mines. Currently, the regenerative energy is often burnt into the choppers. The industry is motivated to capture this regenerative energy since it can be as high as 60% of the motoring power, as high as 3MJ in every operation cycle and 24 MW peak power. Hybrid approach for the front-end converter system has shown a technology path to deploy on-board energy storage without sacrificing the efficiency and reliability of the entire system. This paper addresses the dynamic performance analysis of such systems through detailed simulation and laboratory scale experiments.
Integrated Control System Between Active Control Suspension and Four Wheel Steering for the 1989 CELICA (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">We adopted the active hydropneumatic suspension and the dual-mode 4WS system for the 1989 Toyota CELICA. The active control suspension system detects the vehicle state with various sensors to control the oil pressure in the hydraulic cylinder with the linear pressure control valve; controlling attitude, ride comfort, stability &amp; controllability and three-level vehicle height. The 4WS system continuously changes the steering angle ratio between the front and rear wheel according to the vehicle speed, decreasing the minimum turning radius at a low speed by 0.5 m and improving the controllability at a medium speed and the stability at a high speed. In addition, we further improved the performance of each system by integrally controlling the active control suspension system and the 4WS system. Thus, we succeeded in improving the total performance of vehicle dynamics by adding ABS to these systems to control the vertical, lateral and longitudinal accelerations.</div>
<title>Measurement Of Electron Irradiation Damage To Thinned Fairchild And Texas Instruments Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs)</title> (1979)

A Fairchild CCD211 (190X244 pixels) charge coupled device was thinned for photon and photoelectron rear-illumination experiments. Image smear due to injection of charge into the interline transfer registers was measured, and leakage current changes as a result of photoelectron irradiation were recorded. As expected, damage rates were less than 10<sup>-4</sup> of those measured for front side irradiation. Similar damage data were taken at UCSD on the Texas Instrument 100X160 thinned array. Nearly identical damage rates were measured for the two arrays.
BUCKLING LENGTH OF H-SHAPED BEAMS IN STEEL RIGID FRAME (1999)

In this paper, we propose lateral buckling strength of beams with rotational spring at the edge. The rotational spring rigidity is replaced torsional rigidity of column connected to the beam. It is important to satisfy the assumed boundary condition, so the rotational rigidity for the column is estimated by the energy method of compression member with rotational spring. The rigidity for column is relatively calculated by the torsional rigidity of the column and the bending stiffness of the beam. We clarify the effect of this torsional rigidity of column as the boundary condition by theoretical analysis and elastic eigen analysis.
Cementless Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Preliminary Experience With Thirteen Cases (1983)

From February 1978 to March 1981, 13 English-McNab cementless, semiconstrained, implant shoulder arthroplasties were performed in 12 people. The ages of the patients at the time of surgery ranged from 53 to 73 years with an average of 62 years. The preoperative diagnoses were rheumatoid arthritis, primary osteoarthrosis, posttraumatic osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis, and failed hemiarthroplasty. Followup ranged from 27 to 62 months with an average of 44.3 months. Criteria for total shoulder replacement were intractable pain commensurate with destruction of the glenohumeral joint on x-ray. The UCLA shoulder rating system was used for evaluation of pain, function, muscle power, and motion.Preoperative UCLA mean scores were 1.7 for pain, 1.8 for function, 4.0 for muscle power and motion. At followup, mean scores were 6.6, 5.6, and 4.8 respectively. Significant complications occurred.Our conclusions are that uncemented total shoulder arthroplasty with an unconstrained prosthesis can, in selected patients, offer significant relief of pain and increase overall function while modestly improving strength and motion. The complications are consistent with those reported in the literature although loosening of this prosthesis has not been noted.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Gene Encoding the Human C-type Lectin Leukocyte Receptor AIM/CD69 and Functional Characterization of Its Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-responsive Elements (1995)

The human activation antigen CD69 is a member of the C-type animal lectin superfamily that functions as a signal-transmitting receptor. Although the expression of CD69 can be induced in vitro on cells of most hematopoietic lineages with a wide variety of stimuli, in vivo it is mainly expressed by T-lymphocytes located in the inflammatory infiltrates of several human diseases. To elucidate the mechanisms that regulate the constitutive and inducible expression of CD69 by leukocytes, we isolated the promoter region of the CD69 gene and carried out its functional characterization. Sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the CD69 gene revealed the presence of a potential TATA element 30 base pairs upstream of the major transcription initiation site and several putative binding sequences for inducible transcription factors (NF-kappa B, Egr-1, AP-1), which might mediate the inducible expression of this gene. Transient expression of CD69 promoter-based reporter gene constructs in K562 cells indicated that the proximal promoter region spanning positions -78 to +16 contained the cis-acting sequences necessary for basal and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-inducible transcription of the CD69 gene. Removal of the upstream sequences located between positions -78 and -38 resulted in decreased promoter strength and abolished the response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. We also found that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is capable of inducing the surface expression of the CD69 molecule as well as the promoter activity of fusion plasmids that contain 5'-flanking sequences of the CD69 gene, suggesting that this cytokine may regulate in vivo the expression of CD69.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Digital control for brush DC motor (1994)

In home appliances applications the brush DC motor, driven by a chopper, can be controlled by a standard microcontroller. However people often consider the microcontrollers as not suitable for the power environment because of their limited computing speed or noise immunity problems. This paper shows how a cost effective digital motor drive can be designed by combining a chopper and an 8 bits microcontroller: the speed is simply controlled through direct voltage compensation and motor power limitation. The microcontroller implements both motor control and interface functions of the application: it replaces the analog circuits of the conventional motor control. Performances and practical results are given for a 300 W/12000 RPM motor drive.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular priming of Lyn by GPVI enables an immune receptor to adopt a hemostatic role (2009)

The immune receptor signaling pathway is used by nonimmune cells, but the molecular adaptations that underlie its functional diversification are not known. Circulating platelets use the immune receptor homologue glycoprotein VI (GPVI) to respond to collagen exposed at sites of vessel injury. In contrast to immune cell responses, platelet activation must take place within seconds to successfully form thrombi in flowing blood. Here, we show that the GPVI receptor utilizes a unique intracellular proline-rich domain (PRD) to accelerate platelet activation, a requirement for efficient platelet adhesion to collagen under flow. The GPVI PRD specifically binds the Src-family kinase Lyn and directly activates it, presumably through SH3 displacement. In resting platelets, Lyn is constitutively bound to GPVI in an activated state and platelets lacking Lyn exhibit defective collagen adhesion like that of platelets with GPVI receptors lacking the PRD. These findings define a molecular priming mechanism that enables an immune-type receptor to adopt a hemostatic function. These studies also demonstrate that active kinases can constitutively associate with immune-type receptors without initiating signal transduction before receptor ligation, consistent with a recent molecular model of immune receptor signaling in which receptor ligation is required to bring active kinases to their receptor substrates.
Vascular stem resistance to black rot in<i>Brassica oleracea</i> (1999)

The stem vascular system of several accessions of cultivated Brassica oleracea L. showed resistance to black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Pammel) Dowson. Resistance prevented systemic spread of the pathogen in the vascular system of stem. It was race nonspecific and effective at the early stage of seedling growth. A major dominant gene (Rs; resistant in stem), responsible for expression of compete stem resistance in adult plants (more than six true leaves), was found in a Chinese kale line SR1. At least one more dominant gene with additive interaction was necessary to provide complete resistance in seedlings. In progeny of a cross with a cabbage line PI436606, kale SR1 stem resistance segregated independently of race-specific resistance from a PI436606. It can be considered as an alternative mechanism of plant defense, and a highly valuable feature for crops systemically infected by black rot during propagation in commercial nurseries.Key words: black rot, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Brassica oleracea, disease resistance, cabbage, kale, broccoli.
Visualizing the Internet of Things: Naturalizing Human-Computer Interaction by Incorporating AR Features (2018)

Modern consumer electronics (CE) devices have evolved such that human interaction with machines is ever more natural and effective. The forthcoming deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) over the existing Internet infrastructure promises to expand this interaction by providing applications and services that allow the human-computer interaction to integrate an automated customization of everyday life [1]. The vision is very optimistic on the amount of smart objects (SOs) deployed around us as the building blocks of the IoT. Experts forecast that 28 billion "things" will be connected to the Internet by 2020 [2].
<b>Conformation of Organophosphorus Compounds. II. Proton Magnetic Resonance Studies of Some Phosphites, Phosphonites, Phosphates, Phosphonates and Additional Phosphinates</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformation of Organophosphorus Compounds. II. Proton Magnetic Resonance Studies of Some Phosphites, Phosphonites, Phosphates, Phosphonates and Additional PhosphinatesT. H. Siddall and C. A. ProhaskaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 18, 3467–3473Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00877a010Request reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (804 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electron microscopic and cytochemical observations of theophylline and melanocyte-stimulating hormone effects on melanoma cells in culture. (1982)

The effects of theophylline and melanocyte-stimulating hormone on B16 melanoma cells in culture cells were studied by electron microscopy and dopa cytochemistry. The data show that theophylline and melanocyte-stimulating hormone enhance melanogenesis by activating tyrosinase synthesis and its transfer but that neither affects the synthesis of the well-organized eumelanosome matrix. Their pigmenting effects appear to be limited to the melanogenic cells and result from a marked increase, particularly in theophylline-treated cells, in pheomelanosome formation.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Solid Oxides in Porous Media for Ceramic Membrane Preparation. Comparison of Experimental Results with Semianalytical Solutions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Vapor Deposition of Solid Oxides in Porous Media for Ceramic Membrane Preparation. Comparison of Experimental Results with Semianalytical SolutionsGeorge Xomeritakis and Yue-Sheng LinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 11, 2607–2617Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00035a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00035a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE NONSTOCHASTIC MULTIARMED BANDIT PROBLEM (2002)

Abstract. In the multiarmed bandit problem, a gambler must decide which arm of K non-identical slot machines to play in a sequence of trials so as to maximize his reward. This classical problem has received much attention because of the simple model it provides of the trade-off between exploration (trying out each arm to find the best one) and exploitation (playing the arm believed to give the best payoff). Past solutions for the bandit problem have almost always relied on assumptions about the statistics of the slot machines. In this work, we make no statistical assumptions whatsoever about the nature of the process generating the payoffs of the slot machines. We give a solution to the bandit problem in which an adversary, rather than a well-behaved stochastic process, has complete control over the payoffs. In a sequence of T plays, we prove that the per-round payoff of our algorithm approaches that of the best arm at the rate O(T−1/2). We show by a matching lower bound that this is the best possible. We also prove that our algorithm approaches the per-round payoff of any set of strategies at a similar rate: if the best strategy is chosen from a pool of N strategies, then our algorithm approaches the per-round payoff of the strategy at the rate O((logN)1/2T−1/2). Finally, we apply our results to the problem of playing an unknown repeated matrix game. We show that our algorithm approaches the minimax payoff of the unknown game at the rate O(T−1/2). Key words. adversarial bandit problem, unknown matrix games
Absolute Blood Volume in Hemodialysis Patients: Why Is It Relevant, and How to Measure It (2013)

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is the most common complication during hemodialysis and is associated with significant morbidity. It occurs as a consequence of a reduction in blood volume during ultrafiltration. Today, devices for monitoring relative blood volume (i.e. the intradialytic blood volume as a fraction of the blood volume at the start of the dialysis treatment) are routinely available and have been used to analyze the relationship between changes in relative blood volume and the occurrence of IDH in an attempt to derive critical thresholds that, when observed, would help avoid hypotensive episodes during the treatment. However, the results have been unsatisfactory in many patients. Here we illustrate the importance of absolute blood volume in hemodialysis patients, summarize the acute physiologic mechanisms involved in the preservation of adequate circulation during ultrafiltration, and outline why hemodialysis patients are often particularly vulnerable to reductions in blood volume. We then discuss the shortcomings of relative blood volume measurements, make a case for the superiority of absolute blood volume measurements, and introduce the reader to a mathematical concept that allows relative blood volume devices to be used for the estimation of absolute blood volume. Finally, we discuss the implications of absolute blood volume beyond IDH and propose a paradigm shift in the approach to dry weight attainment.
Mystery Solved: The Identification of the Two Missing Romanov Children Using DNA Analysis (2009)

One of the greatest mysteries for most of the twentieth century was the fate of the Romanov family, the last Russian monarchy. Following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, he and his wife, Alexandra, and their five children were eventually exiled to the city of Yekaterinburg. The family, along with four loyal members of their staff, was held captive by members of the Ural Soviet. According to historical reports, in the early morning hours of July 17, 1918 the entire family along with four loyal members of their staff was executed by a firing squad. After a failed attempt to dispose of the remains in an abandoned mine shaft, the bodies were transported to an open field only a few kilometers from the mine shaft. Nine members of the group were buried in one mass grave while two of the children were buried in a separate grave. With the official discovery of the larger mass grave in 1991, and subsequent DNA testing to confirm the identities of the Tsar, the Tsarina, and three of their daughters--doubt persisted that these remains were in fact those of the Romanov family. In the summer of 2007, a group of amateur archeologists discovered a collection of remains from the second grave approximately 70 meters from the larger grave. We report forensic DNA testing on the remains discovered in 2007 using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), autosomal STR, and Y-STR testing. Combined with additional DNA testing of material from the 1991 grave, we have virtually irrefutable evidence that the two individuals recovered from the 2007 grave are the two missing children of the Romanov family: the Tsarevich Alexei and one of his sisters.