gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Kinetics of Particulate Substrate Utilization by Bacterial Films (2005)

There is a need to develop a mathematical expression capable of describing the removal of particulate chemical oxygen demand (PCOD) from wastewaters in biological film systems. In this context, organic particles that are maintained in suspension (i.e., not removed during normal settling) are the focus of experimentation, modeling, and discussion. The goal of this research project is to study the kinetics of PCOD removal from wastewaters by bacterial films, or biofilms. To achieve this objective, a bench-scale rotating disc biofilm reactor (RDBR) was operated using methanol (dissolved substrate), Min-U-Sil 10 (inorganic particulates), and Maizena corn starch (organic particulates) dissolved/suspended in the influent stream. The effect of the ratio of biofilm area to volumetric flow rate passing through the RDBR on the concentration of substrate remaining in the final effluent was determined, and the kinetic relationship was established for both dissolved substrate and particle removal. Exocellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted and quantified in order to explain the role of biological flocculation, or bioflocculation, in particulate removal. In the literature, Fick's first law and zero-order kinetics have described the diffusion and biochemical reaction of soluble substrate within the bacterial film matrix (when completely penetrated), respectively. The present study confirms this kinetic behavior for various influent methanol concentrations. On the other hand, the removal of particulates, organic and inorganic, adheres to first-order reaction kinetics. These findings, coupled with the identification of EPS, attribute bioflocculation as the primary removal mechanism of particulates. A mass balance on the biofilm reactor allowed for the development of a comprehensive rate expression for substrate consumption by biofilms when both dissolved and particulate substrates are available. Total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) is comprised of dissolved chemical oxygen demand (DCOD) and PCOD, each of which can be readily determined through laboratory analysis. An equation was developed that accurately describes the disappearance of TCOD by the bioflocculation of PCOD and consumption of DCOD in the bench scale RDBR.
Influence of the EGR Rate, Oxygen Concentration and Equivalent Fuel/Air Ratio on the Combustion Behaviour and Pollutant Emissions of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">New future emission regulations for HD Diesel engines in Europe will require a further reduction in NOx and particulate emission levels compared with nowadays values.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The work presented here is an analysis of the EGR influence on the DI Diesel combustion process, based upon a parametric study combining cooled EGR with intake pressure increase. The independent variation of EGR rate and intake pressure allows to analyse the influence of the oxygen concentration and the equivalent fuel/air ratio on the combustion process in an independent way. Tests were performed with a 1.8 litre single-cylinder engine. The study combines performance and emissions measurements together with heat release law analysis. Five representative operative conditions from the European Steady - state test Cycle (ESC) have been considered. For each one, EGR rate (from 0 to 30%) and intake pressure (from 0 to 0.03 MPa over nominal pressure) have been varied independently. The presented results allow to identify and to quantify some aspects of the influence of both parameters on the combustion characteristic time and on the pollutant formation.</div>
025 New Methodology for Investigating Ejaculation Dysfunction: Measuring Intraluminal Seminal Vesicle Pressure in Rats with Telemetric Device (2016)

Ejaculation dysfunction is the most common male sexual disorder. Despite its prevalence and adverse impact on patients, little attention has been given to investigating the ejaculation dysfunction. We introduce a new in vivo method for the evaluating ejaculation dysfunction in rats with telemetric device. A pressure sensor (C40; Data Sciences) was surgically implanted in the seminal vesicles of 7-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats. One week later, the rats were subcutaneously administered to tamsulosin (3 and 10 ug/kg), silodosin 1mg/kg or normal saline (control), respectively. And 30 minutes later, intraluminal seminal vesicle pressure (ISVP) was recorded in freely moving rats after apomorphine (80ug/kg). Sexual events were visually identified and recorded. Ejaculation was confirmed by inspection of copulatory plug in the tip of penis. We compared the maximal ISVP and the area under the curve (AUC). The mean numbers of ejaculation during inspection time was 1.5±0.1. The maximal ISVP values in rats receiving 3ug/kg (30.0±5.2mmHg) tamsulosin and 10ug/kg (15.1±1.6 mmHg) tamsulosin, and silodosin 1mg/kg (12.9±2.2 mmHg) were significantly lower than that of control (61.4±13.4 mmHg P<0.05). The AUC of tamsulosin 3ug/kg (72.7±18.9mmHg*s) and 10ug/kg (23.5±6.1mmHg*s), and silodosin 1mg/kg (23.9±8.0mmHg*s) were also lower than that of control (162.6±34.3 mmHg*s, p<0.05).
Retinoprotective Effects of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> via Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Angiogenic Mechanisms in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (2012)

Our result suggests that MO may be useful in preventing diabetes induced retinal dysfunction.
Enhanced Binding of Zona Pellucida Proteins to the Acrosomal Region of Intact Boar Spermatozoa in Response to Fertilizing Conditions: A Flow Cytometric Study1 (1998)

In this investigation we sought to determine whether sperm capacitation in vitro is accompanied by changes in the functional presence of zona binding sites on the plasma membrane of boar spermatozoa. During sperm incubation at 39 degrees C in various modifications of a Tyrode's-based in vitro fertilization medium, the zona binding ability of individual spermatozoa was assessed with fluorescein-conjugated solubilized zona pellucida proteins, using a flow cytometer. Propidium iodide was routinely included to allow simultaneous assessment of membrane integrity; rhodamine-conjugated peanut agglutinin was used to assess acrosomal status. During incubation in the fertilization medium, a subpopulation of live acrosome-intact spermatozoa developed enhanced binding of the fluorescein-conjugated solubilized zona proteins. Microscopy revealed that the increase in cytometrically detected zona binding was paralleled by an increase in the area on the sperm head to which zona proteins bound, from the apical region to the whole of the acrosomal region. The changes were accelerated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors, were attenuated by omission of bicarbonate, and were completely inhibited by addition of EGTA. In the fertilization medium, numbers of sperm showing enhanced zona binding maximized after 60-90 min. This time course is somewhat similar to that reported by others for development of egg-penetrating ability in vitro. We suggest that the observed changes in zona binding ability bring about optimal sperm-egg attachment; they may also relate to induction of the acrosome reaction by zona pellucida components. In consequence, the zona binding changes may be an important part of the process by which the sperm acquires fertilizing ability as a result of capacitation.
Quantifying ILP by means of graph theory (2007)

Computer architecture evaluation requires new tools that complement the customary simulations and, in this sense, the traditional Graph Theory can help to create a new frame for finegrain parallelism analysis of execution performance, a step beyond the classical static analysis performed by compilers.Starting off from Graph Theory basic foundations, this paper introduces the data dependence matrix D supported by the novel concept of the reduced valence. The matrix D characterizes a code sequence in a mathematical manner, is endowed with a number of properties and restrictions, and provides information about the ability of the code to be processed concurrently. Among other details, some low complexity techniques to calculate parallelism degree from the matrix D are presented.
Synthesis of an ABA Triblock Copolymer of Poly(DL-lactide) and Poly(ethylene glycol) and Blends with Poly(ε-caprolactone) as a Promising Material for Biomedical Application (2005)

The aim of this work was preparation of blends based on ABA triblock copolymers [A=poly(DL-lactide); B=poly(ethylene glycol)] and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), their characterization, hydrolytic degradation study, and evaluation of the possibility to use these materials in tissue engineering. GPC, FTIR, 1H NMR and DSC analyses were used for block copolymers characterization, and the corresponding blends with PCL, were characterized by FTIR, TGA, DSC and contact angle measurements. Porous films were prepared from triblock copolymers, and corresponding blends using solvent casting particulate-leaching technique. Hydrolytic in vitro degradation was performed in phosphate buffer solution. Preliminary cell growth experiments, using L929 mouse fibroblasts, were performed to observe the attachment and growth of cells on polymer matrices.
Image wavelet decomposition and applications (1989)

Key differences exist in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of vascular lesions of the cerebellum in children versus adults. An understanding of these differences and an appreciation of the distinct imaging features of these lesions aid in distinguishing normal vascular variations from pathology, in predicting lesion etiology, and in directing effective treatment strategies. This paper reviews the embryogenesis of the normal vascular system of the cerebellum and brainstem and then discusses the clinical and imaging features of the common vascular lesions affecting these structures in the pediatric population.
Locus of Control in Children Labeled Learning Disabled, Behaviorally Disordered, and Learning Disabled/Behaviorally Disordered (1986)

Children labeled learning disabled, behaviorally disordered, and learning disabled with significant behavioral disorders were assessed on measures of locus of control. The groups were matched by age, gender, intelligence level, and grade level. The children labeled learning disabled were found to be significantly more internally controlled than children labeled behaviorally disordered and children labeled learning disabled with behavioral disorders. Both the learning disabled and behaviorally disordered groups had higher scores on internal locus of control than the group labeled learning disabled with behavioral disorders.
Fermi-level effects in semiconductor processing: A modeling scheme for atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo simulators (2005)

Atomistic process simulation is expected to play an important role for the development of next generations of integrated circuits. This work describes an approach for modeling electric charge effects in a three-dimensional atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo process simulator. The proposed model has been applied to the diffusion of electrically active boron and arsenic atoms in silicon. Several key aspects of the underlying physical mechanisms are discussed: (i) the use of the local Debye length to smooth out the atomistic point-charge distribution, (ii) algorithms to correctly update the charge state in a physically accurate and computationally efficient way, and (iii) an efficient implementation of the drift of charged particles in an electric field. High-concentration effects such as band-gap narrowing and degenerate statistics are also taken into account. The efficiency, accuracy, and relevance of the model are discussed.
Self-assembled hybrid nanoparticles for targeted co-delivery of two drugs into cancer cells (2014)

A therapeutic aptamer-lipid-poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) hybrid nanoparticle-based drug delivery system was prepared and characterized. This system can co-deliver two different drugs with distinct solubility and different anticancer mechanisms to target cancer cells with high specificity and efficiency.
Windup leads to characteristics of central sensitization (1999)

Central sensitization refers to enhanced excitability of dorsal horn neurons and is characterized by increased spontaneous activity, enlarged receptive field (RF) areas, and an increase in responses evoked by large and small caliber primary afferent fibers. Sensitization of dorsal horn neurons often occurs following tissue injury and inflammation and is believed to contribute to hyperalgesia. Windup refers to the progressive increase in the magnitude of C-fiber evoked responses of dorsal horn neurons produced by repetitive activation of C-fibers. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that windup leads to central sensitization. Recordings were made from rat nociceptive dorsal horn neurons classed as wide dynamic range. Windup was produced by conditioning stimuli in a train of 12 electrical pulses (0.5 ms duration) applied to the RF at intensities three times the threshold for excitation of C-fibers and at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. Single electrical stimuli applied outside the RF never evoked responses except when delivered following conditioning stimulation inside the RF, indicating an expansion of the RF following windup. C-Fiber conditioning stimuli applied outside the RF also increased the response evoked by a single stimulus and increased the total number of spikes evoked by a train of electrical stimuli delivered inside the RF. Although both A- and C-fibers were activated, conditioning stimuli did not alter subsequent responses evoked by stimulation of A-fibers. Enhanced responsivity to C-fiber input following windup produced by stimulation inside the RF at a frequency of 0.5 Hz could be maintained for approximately 100 s by stimuli delivered at 0.1 Hz, a frequency that itself cannot produce windup. It is concluded that neuronal events leading to windup also produce some of the classical characteristics of central sensitization including expansion of RFs and enhanced responses to C- but not A-fiber stimulation. Thus, windup may be a useful tool to study mechanisms underlying certain characteristics of central sensitization related to C-fiber activity.
Progesterone and pregnancy (2005)

Progesterone has shown to be efficacious when continuation of pregnancy is hampered by immunological factors, luteinic and neuroendocrine deficiencies and myometrial hypercontractility. This may explain the reduction in the incidence of preterm birth in high-risk pregnant women using high-dosage prophylactic progesterone.
Marker‐Assisted Backcrossing QTL for Partial Resistance to Sclerotinia White Mold in Dry Bean (2007)

White mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a major disease limiting dry bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. Genetic resistance provides some control but is difficult to breed for because of low heritability. We sought to determine if marker‐assisted selection for quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring partial resistance could facilitate breeding for resistance to white mold in dry bean. The Phs marker linked with a QTL derived from landrace G122 on linkage group B7 was backcrossed into ‘Winchester’ pinto, forming two BC 3 F 4:6 inbred line populations. The AW9.1200 and SS18.1650 markers linked with a QTL from snap bean breeding line NY6020‐4 on B8 were backcrossed into ‘Maverick’ pinto and ‘Matterhorn’ great northern, forming BC 2 F 4:6 inbred line populations. The B7 QTL in the BC 3 F 4:6 populations on average explained 52% of the phenotypic variation for disease reaction in the greenhouse test and 10% across four field tests. The B8 QTL explained 30% in the greenhouse and 10% in the field. Averaged across tests and populations the B7 and B8 QTL conditioned 15 and 17% reduction in disease severity score, respectively. Linkage drag from selection of the B7 QTL was observed for yield. MAS for the B7 and B8 QTL was an effective breeding tool for introgressing partial resistance to white mold into susceptible pinto and great northern dry bean market classes, but further selection for agronomic performance may be required to obtain lines worthy of commercial production.
Biomechanical In Vitro - Stability Testing on Human Specimens of a Locking Plate System Against Conventional Screw Fixation of a Proximal First Metatarsal Lateral Displacement Osteotomy (2012)

The results of our study confirm that the fixation of the lateral proximal first metatarsal displacement osteotomy with a locking plate fixation is a technically simple procedure of superior stability.
15 nm gate length planar CMOS transistor (2002)

Continued scaling of mainstream planar CMOS transistor technology into the deep-sub-100 nm regime is increasingly challenging but possible. In this paper, we report bulk-silicon planar CMOS transistors with the physical gate length scaled down to 15 nm. Gate delays (CV/I) of 0.29 ps for n-channel FET and 0.68 ps for p-channel FET are achieved at a supply voltage of 0.8 V. Energy-delay products are 42 pJ-ps/m for an n-channel FET and 97 pJ-ps/m for a p-channel FET, respectively. To our knowledge; these numbers are the best reported to date.
THE RATIONAL DESIGN OF AGGREGATE GRADINGS FOR DENSE ASPHALTIC COMPOSITIONS (1970)

A STUDY OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE PACKING AND POROSITY OF PARTICLES HAS BEEN MADE, AND A GENERAL THEORY FOR THE COMBINING OF AGGREGATES OF VARYING SHAPES AND SIZES IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE MINIMUM POROSITY IS PROPOSED. THE THEORY AND RELEVANT DESIGN METHOD HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE OF GENERAL APPLICATION WHERE PARTICULATE AGGREGATES ARE USED, INCLUDING THOSE IN THE PRESENCE OF A BITUMINOUS BINDER. THE DESIGN METHOD RECOGNIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF (A) VARIATION IN AGGREGATE SHAPE EITHER FROM THE IDEAL OF SOME SPECIFICATIONS OR FROM SIZE TO SIZE WITHIN THE RANGE EMPLOYED, (B) THE COMPACTIVE EFFORT (BOTH DURING LAYING AND DURING SUBSEQUENT TRAFFICKING), AND (C) THE THICKNESS OF SECTION TO BE LAID, AN INCLUDES CONSIDERATION OF THESE EFFECTS IN THE DESIGN PROCEDURE. /AUTHOR/
Case 13-1974 (1974)

Presentation of CaseA 30-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hypercalcemia.At the age of 12 years a routine examination disclosed proteinuria, and further evaluation revealed agenesis of the right kidney. Seven years later he first came to this hospital because of pneumonia, from which he recovered promptly. The urea nitrogen was 33 mg per 100 ml. An intravenous pyelographic examination demonstrated absence of the right kidney; the left kidney had diminished function, and the intrarenal collecting system was poorly seen. One year thereafter he returned to the hospital because of abdominal pain, for which no cause . . .
Asphaltene−Paraffin Structural Interactions. Effect on Crude Oil Stability (2001)

The effect of asphaltene−paraffin complexes on crude oil stability, in terms of wax crystallization and asphaltene deposits solubility, was studied. The influence of flocculated asphaltenes on the wax crystallization tendency of a paraffinic crude oil and on the effectiveness of a maleic anhydride copolymer derivative paraffin inhibitor was evaluated by means of polarized light microscopy. It was demonstrated that flocculated asphaltenes provide wax crystallization sites whose presence interferes with the inhibitor crystal modification mechanism. The existence of asphaltene−paraffin complexes was assessed by HPLC kinetic dissolution studies of composite materials formed by combinations of such hydrocarbon fractions. Commercial macrocrystalline and microcrystalline waxes were used in these experiments. Different types of asphaltenes were probed as well, covering varying ranges of aromaticities and stability. Asphaltene properties were observed to be important parameters influencing composites dissolution. A selective partition of paraffins and asphaltenes in solubilized fractions was determined by high-temperature thin-layer chromatography.
Determination of the Oxygen Binding Site on GaAs(110) Using Soft-X-Ray-Photoemission Spectroscopy (1975)

The first steps in the oxidation of GaAs(110) are examined through shifts in the As and Ga $3d$ levels as a function of oxygen exposure. We observe a large chemical shift in the As $3d$ levels (about 4 eV) while the Ga $3d$ levels were shifted by less than 1 eV. This gives direct evidence for oxygen bonding to arsenic at the GaAs(110) surface, and illustrates the change in chemical character which can take place in atoms at the surfaces of compounds.
Sigma (σ1) receptor mediated antidepressant-like effects of neurosteroids in the Porsolt forced swim test (1998)

This study examined the effects of neurosteroids dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and pregnenolone sulfate (PS) and progesterone on the Porsolt forced swim test of depression in mice, and investigated the possible involvement of delta receptors. The immobility time in the mouse forced swimming test was significantly reduced by DHEAS (5 and 20 mg/kg, s.c.) and PS (5 mg/kg) without accompanying changes in the ambulatory or open-field activity. Pretreatment with DHEAS (10 mg/kg) or PS (10 and 20 mg/kg), however, failed to modify the immobility. The relief of behavioral despair in the immobility test by DHEAS (5 and 20 mg/kg) was dose-dependently blocked by preadministration of NE-100 (N,N-dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl-ethylamine monohydrochloride; 0.5 and 1 mg/kg), a putative delta1 receptor antagonist, or progesterone (10 mg/kg), a delta receptor antagonistic neurosteroid. On the other hand, PS (5 mg/kg)-induced decrease in the immobility was significantly blocked by NE-100(0.5 mg/kg), but not by progesterone (10 mg/kg). Neither NE-100 nor progesterone influenced the immobility alone. These data suggest a role for central delta receptor in the antidepressant-like effects of neurosteroids, and reinforced their potential therapeutic use in depression.
Circadian Clock-Regulated Expression of Phytochrome and Cryptochrome Genes in Arabidopsis (2001)

Many physiological and biochemical processes in plants exhibit endogenous rhythms with a period of about 24 h. Endogenous oscillators called circadian clocks regulate these rhythms. The circadian clocks are synchronized to the periodic environmental changes (e.g. day/night cycles) by specific stimuli; among these, the most important is the light. Photoreceptors, phytochromes, and cryptochromes are involved in setting the clock by transducing the light signal to the central oscillator.
Nanostructure and optical properties of fluoride films for high-quality DUV/VUV optical components (2005)

The persistent utilization of optical lithography at the DUV and VUV excimer laser wavelengths leads to extraordinary demands on the optical components involved (high throughput, low scattering, high mechanical stability, ...). Fluorides are the main or even the only candidates for film materials in these spectral regions because of their low absorption. There are several high-index and low-index fluoride materials. These materials, however, may significantly differ in their nanostructural properties leading to scatter losses crucially influencing the performance of the multilayers. In order to find optimal material combinations, HR multilayer mirrors were fabricated using several high-index fluoride film materials. Spectral photometry, atomic force microscopy, as well as total and angle resolved light scattering measurement and analysis were performed for comprehensive characterization.