gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Release of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from human eosinophils following adherence to IgE- and IgG-coated schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. (1990)

The release of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from human low-density eosinophils following adherence to live or formalin-fixed schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni coated with parasite-specific IgE or IgG obtained from pooled human anti-S. mansoni serum has been studied. IgE-rich fractions were obtained after fractionation of pooled immune sera on fast-protein liquid chromatography (FPLC; polyanion SI-17 column) and were identified by parasite-specific RAST. Contaminating IgG was removed by adsorption on a Staphylococcus aureus-protein A affinity column. IgG-rich FPLC fractions were identified by a specific ELISA assay. IgG-dependent activities were confirmed by protein A adsorption. Low-density eosinophils adhered to live and formalin-fixed schistosomula coated with specific antisera and released 11.7 +/- 2.7 and 16.5 +/- 3.5 pmoles of LTC4/10(6) cells, respectively. LTC4 release induced by A23187 (5 x 10(-6) M) from the same cells was 80 +/- 24 pmoles/10(6) cells and 9.9 +/- 1 pmoles/10(6) cells in the presence of Sepharose particles (CNBr-activated 4B beads) covalently coated with normal human IgG. Fixed schistosomula coated with FPLC-purified IgE and IgG gave 7.6 +/- 0.4 and 6.0 +/- 0.1 pmoles of LTC4 per 10(6) low-density eosinophils, respectively. The same IgE- and IgG-rich fractions induced eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity of live schistosomula in vitro. Removal of IgE by an anti-IgE affinity column abolished both the IgE-dependent release of LTC4 and the in vitro killing of larvae. Conversely, IgG-dependent activities were abolished by protein A, but not anti-IgE, adsorption. Normal density eosinophils generated undetectable amounts of LTC4 when incubated with IgE-coated schistosomula, whereas with IgG-coated larvae 4.6 pmoles/10(6) cells were obtained. Following preincubation with platelet-activating factor (PAF) (10(-7) M) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) (10(-7) M), normal density eosinophils released LTC4 when in contact with larvae coated with antigen-specific IgE. Lyso-PAF had no effect in any of the systems tested. The synthetic chemotactic tripeptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) had no influence on IgE-dependent release of LTC4 from eosinophils. In contrast, FMLP (10(-7) M) enhanced the IgG-dependent LTC4 release, with PAF and LTB4 also showing a small enhancing effect. None of these agents substantially altered the release potential of low-density eosinophils in either IgE- or IgG-dependent events. Thus the results presented here indicate that in an IgE-dependent system, human low-density eosinophils can be induced to adhere to and kill IgE-coated helminthic targets and release biologically relevant amounts of LTC4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Reduction of CCR5 with low-dose rapamycin enhances the antiviral activity of vicriviroc against both sensitive and drug-resistant HIV-1 (2008)

Vicriviroc (VCV) is a chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist with potent anti-HIV activity that currently is being evaluated in phase III clinical trials. In the present study, donor CCR5 density (CCR5 receptors/CD4 lymphocytes) inversely correlated with VCV antiviral activity (Spearman's correlation test; r = 0.746, P = 0.0034). Low doses of the transplant drug rapamycin (RAPA) reduced CCR5 density and enhanced VCV antiviral activity. In drug interaction studies, the RAPA/VCV combination had considerable antiviral synergy (combination indexes of 0.1-0.04) in both multicycle and single-cycle infection of lymphocytes. The synergy between RAPA and VCV translated into dose reduction indexes of 8- to 41-fold reductions for RAPA and 19- to 658-fold reductions for VCV. RAPA enhanced VCV antiviral activity against both B and non-B clade isolates, potently suppressing clade G viruses with reported reduced sensitivities to VCV and to the licensed CCR5 antagonist maraviroc. Importantly, RAPA reduction of CCR5 density in lymphocytes sensitized VCV-resistant strains to VCV, inhibiting virus production by approximately 90%. We further demonstrated the role of CCR5 density on VCV activity against resistant virus in donor lymphocytes and in cell lines expressing varying CCR5 densities. Together, these results suggest that low doses of RAPA may increase the durability of VCV-containing regimens in patients by enhancing VCV viral suppression, by allowing the use of lower doses of VCV with reduced potential for toxicity, and by controlling emerging VCV-resistant variants.
Laser Assisted Intelligent Guidance For Automated Guided Vehicles (2005)

This paper focuses on a type of navigation technology known as LaserNav. It involves a sensor initially developed to navigate robotic floor maintenance equipment. The paper review the laser guidance technology, modular mechanical, hardware, and software components, and the basic challenges in integrating this technology to present Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs). Human interface, vehicle control factory floor traffic control, navigation, and sensory data fusion/arbitration are discussed within this framework.
Predictive modelling and selection of Time Temperature Integrators for monitoring the shelf life of modified atmosphere packed gilthead seabream fillets (2010)

The objective of the present study was to validate a kinetic model for growth of spoilage bacteria in modified atmosphere packed (MAP) gilthead seabream fillets and to select a Time Temperature Integrator (TTI). The temperature and CO2 dependence of the growth of lactic acid bacteria in MAP gilthead seabream fillets was expressed by an Arrhenius-type model for the range of 0–15 °C and 20–80% CO2, which was validated at isothermal, variable and chill chain conditions. A new UV activatable photochemical TTI, was kinetically studied and the influence of the level of activation on the response of the TTI was modelled. Applying the developed models, the required charging levels were estimated so that the TTI response was tailored to monitor the shelf life of fish fillets at selected MAP conditions, during the chill chain storage. A simulation experiment of the product distribution and storage in various chill chain conditions showed the applicability of the TTIs as shelf life monitors.
[Oxidative stress and inflammation: hypothesis for the mechanism of aging]. (2007)

Oxidative stress due to free radicals is related to the pathogenesis of many chronic disorders including cancer, inflammation, and neurological diseases. Oxidative stress such as aging and light exposure is also considered to be associated with age-related macular degeneration and cataract. The ocular surface is chronically exposed to oxidative stress including ultraviolet light, the oxygen in air, and changes in oxygen pressure due to blinking. We demonstrated that a rat dry eye model with a jogging board showed corneal epithelial disoders and elevated levels of oxidative stress, suggesting that the pathogenesis of epithelial disorders in dry eye with low frequency of blinking is related to oxidative stress. Next, using a model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV), we showed that angiotensin receptormediated inflammation is required for the development of CNV. We also demonstrated that mice deficient in superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed typical clinical features of AMD. Finally, we proposed our thoughts about regenerative medicine, that is, to maintain quiescent stem cells, we have to regulate the aging of stem cells.
[Drug permeation through artificial lipoid membranes. 20. The effectiveness of multiple-lamellar liposomes for evaluating drug transport]. (1987)

The use of stable liposomes for distribution experiments with some drugs is described. Great differences between distribution coefficients liposomes/water and n-octanol/water were found.
High-resolution isotope selective laser spectroscopy of Ag2 molecules (1993)

Silver dimers formed in a seeded supersonic argon beam are examined with two laser spectroscopic methods. Excitation fluorescence spectra of the A-X system excited with a narrow band cw dye laser yield accurate constants of the X 1Σg+ and the A 1Σu+ state. From isotope selective resonant two-photon ionization spectra of the B-X and the E-X system excited by a pulsed dye laser and monitored with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, improved vibrational constants and rotational constants of the B 1Πu and the E 1Πu state are derived. Rotational constants of the C and the D state could be determined from the spectral separations between bandhead and band origin in partly rotationally resolved bands. Autoionizing Rydberg states of Ag2 are stepwise excited with two pulsed dye lasers in two resonant steps. From the convergence limits of different Rydberg series converging towards different vibrational levels v+ in the X 2Σg+ ground state of Ag2+ the rotational constants of the ion ground state and the adiabatic ionization potential IP(Ag2+)=61 747±4 cm−1 could be accurately determined.
Irritant dermatitis : new clinical and experimental aspects (1995)

Clinical aspects epidemiology occupational aspects pathogenesis bioengineering techniques prevention and therapy product testing and regulatory aspects.
Selective Targeting of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer Patients Using DS-8273a, an Agonistic TRAIL-R2 Antibody (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are one of the major contributors to immune suppression in cancer. We recently have demonstrated in preclinical study that MDSCs are sensitive to TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) agonist. The goal of this study was to clinically test the hypothesis that targeting TRAIL-R2 can selectively eliminate MDSCs.<b>Experimental Design:</b> The TRAIL-R2 agonistic antibody (DS-8273a) has been tested in 16 patients with advanced cancers enrolled in a phase I trial. The antibody (24 mg/kg) was administered intravenously once every 3 weeks till disease progression, unacceptable toxicities, or withdrawal of consent. The safety and the presence of various populations of myeloid and lymphoid cells in peripheral blood and tumor tissues were evaluated.<b>Results:</b> The treatment was well tolerated with only mild to moderate adverse events attributable to the study drug. Treatment with DS-8273a resulted in reduction of the elevated numbers of MDSCs in the peripheral blood of most patients to the levels observed in healthy volunteers. However, in several patients, MDSCs rebounded back to the pretreatment level by day 42. In contrast, DS-8273a did not affect the number of neutrophils, monocytes, and other populations of myeloid and lymphoid cells. Decrease in MDSCs inversely correlated with the length of progression-free survival. In tumors, DS-8273a treatment resulted in a decrease of MDSCs in 50% of the patients who were able to provide pre- and on-treatment biopsies.<b>Conclusions:</b> Targeting TRAIL-R2 resulted in elimination of different populations of MDSCs without affecting mature myeloid or lymphoid cells. These data support the use of this antibody in combination immmunotherapy of cancer. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 2942-50. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Apprenticeship instruction through adaptive human-computer interaction (1992)

Discusses an approach and issues regarding the use of intelligent adaptive user interfaces, coupled with hypermedia, to provide supportive learning situations for users within an instructional paradigm of cognitive apprenticeship. Existing models of user interaction are examined and extended with a supportive learning model of user interaction. The paper addresses learning opportunities provided by implementing this model of interaction using intelligent computer-human interaction, as well as identifies issues which are yet to be resolved in providing supportive learning situations within the apprenticeship learning paradigm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Elution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Carbon Blacks Into Biomembranes in Vitro (1985)

Elution of endogenous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from four carbon blacks into biomembranes was investigated in vitro. Membrane systems employed were phospholipid vesicles composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), rat lung homogenate, and simulated lung surfactant. Amounts of benzo[a]-pyrene which were eluted from carbon blacks were not dependent on the type of membrane, but elution was dependent on the type of carbon black. Elution of B[a]P was detected from only 2 of the carbon blacks and amounts eluted represented only 0.2% to 0.6% of total B[a]P associated with those carbon blacks. The largest amount of B[a]P was eluted from the carbon black with lowest surface area and highest endogenous B[a]P content. Benzo[ghi]perylene also was eluted from carbon blacks though amounts eluted again represented extremely small fractions (0.1-0.2%) of the total on the particles. From these experiments, it appears that only very small quantities of B[a]P and other PAH on carbon blacks are bioavailable.
Chalaza and Egg Yolk Membrane as Excellent Sources of Sialic Acid (N-Acetylneuraminic Acid) for an Industrial-Scale Preparation (1990)

シアル酸は生化学的試薬として,また医薬品製造のために近年需要が急増しているが,現在その製造のための原料はッバメの巣など限られたものとなっている.そこで,卵処理工場において卵成分の濾過の際に得られるカラザおよび卵黄膜より,工業的規模でシァル酸を製造することを検討した.これらの画分には,シアル酸としてN-アセチルノイラミン酸のみが高濃度で含まれており,酸分解,イオン交換クロマトグラフィー,活性炭処理などののち,湿カラザ試料100gより約50mg,湿卵黄膜試料より約175mgのN-アセチルノイラミン酸が得られた.純度はいずれも95%以上であった.卵は世界的に広く分布した食品であり,卵処理工場で得られるカラザおよび卵黄膜部は従来は利用されず廃棄されていた部分である.従って,これらはシアル酸の大量かっ安価な製造のための非常に有望な原料となりうることが判明した.
Reaktionen des Graphits mit Metallchloriden (1963)

Abstract Graphit reagiert mit einer größeren Zahl von wasserfreien Metallchloriden unter Bildung von Einlagerungsverbindungen. Im Rahmen eines Überblicks werden neuere Ergebnisse über die Zusammensetzung und Struktur dieser Verbindungen sowie über ihre magnetischen und katalytischen Eigenschaften mitgeteilt.
Revision and verification of an enhanced UART (2005)

This paper describes the design of an eUART (enhanced universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter) that has been designed as an extension module for the SPEAR processor in order to interact with a TTP/A (time-triggered protocol class A) or LIN (local interconnect network) network. The eUART is able to automatically synchronize its baud rate using a synchronization pattern from the message sender. Furthermore, to enhance the robustness of the communication, the eUART module is equipped with a filter state-machine and provides 16fold oversampling. The interpretation of the samples can be configured in order to optimize towards fault detection or availability. The paper describes the capabilities and limits of this approach and shows the advantages of the eUART when used for real-time communication.
Mitochondrial Redox Signaling: Interaction of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species with Other Sources of Oxidative Stress (2012)

Based on these considerations, the characterization of the role of mitochondrial RONS formation in cardiac disease as well as inflammatory processes but also the role of mitochondria as potential therapeutic targets in these pathophysiological states should be addressed in more detail in the future.
The Origins of the Hirsch and Büchner Vacuum Filtration Funnels (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Origins of the Hirsch and Büchner Vacuum Filtration FunnelsWilliam B. Jensen View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 9, 1283Publication Date (Web):September 1, 2006Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 2006Published inissue 1 September 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/ed083p1283RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1345Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (155 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Filtration,Vacuum Get e-Alerts
Cutting Edge: Type I IFNs Provide a Third Signal to CD8 T Cells to Stimulate Clonal Expansion and Differentiation (2005)

In this study, we show that IFN-alpha beta can have a direct role in linking innate and adaptive responses by providing the "third signal" needed by naive CD8 T cells responding to Ag and costimulatory ligands. Stimulation of CD8 T cells in the absence of a third signal leads to proliferation, but clonal expansion is limited by poor survival and effector functions do not develop. We show that IFN-alpha beta can provide the third signal directly to CD8 T cells via a STAT4-dependent pathway to stimulate survival, development of cytolytic function, and production of IFN-gamma. Provision of the third signal by either IFN-alpha beta or IL-12 results in regulation of the expression of a number of genes, including several that encode proteins critical for effector function.
Immunological Response of Mice to Members of the Autochthonous Intestinal Microflora (1972)

Based on agglutination, complement fixation, bactericidal, and opsonization tests, it is evident that suspensions of a Bacteroides sp. isolated from the mouse intestine and given by parenteral routes do not initiate antibody formation in mice. Rats also respond poorly to the antigenic stimulus. In contrast, suspensions of other bacterial species isolated from the rodent intestine are highly immunogenic. Furthermore, high titers of antibody are produced in rabbits, guinea pigs, and sheep after parenteral injection of the Bacteroides suspensions. Marked differences in the absolute and relative numbers of Bacteroides in the intestinal contents of rodents and the latter three animal species have been demonstrated. It is proposed that the immunological unresponsiveness of rodents to this organism is related to its existence as a member of the autochthonous microflora in these animals.
Identification of a soluble protein that stimulates peptide bond synthesis. (1975)

A soluble protein factor was isolated, free of elongation factor (EF)-T and EF-G, based on its ability to stimulate the synthesis of peptide bonds using ribosomal bound 70S-AUG-N-formyl-[35S]methionyl-tRNA complex and added puromycin as substrates. Over 90% of this activity was found in the ribosome-free cytoplasm of Escherichia coli extracts. Otherfeatures such as molecular weight, purification properties, and catalytic activities distinguish this factor from ribosomal proteins and known activators of translation. The factor requires all components needed for peptide bond synthesis and is inhibited by antibiotics known to specifically block the peptidyl transferase activity of ribosomes. The factor increases the binding affinity of the ribosome for the aminoacyl-tRNA analog puromycin about 10-fold. We suggest that this extraribosomal factor modulates the intrinsic activity of ribosomes to catalyze peptide-bond synthesis, and regard it as a new factor required for peptide chain elongation, which we call EF-P.
Understanding Public-Key Infrastructure: Concepts, Standards, and Deployment Considerations (1999)

From the Publisher:
This book is a tutorial on, and a guide to the deployment of, Public-Key Infrastructures. It covers a broad range of material related to PKIs, including certification, operational considerations and standardization efforts, as well as deployment issues and considerations. Emphasis is placed on explaining the interrelated fields within the topic area, to assist those who will be responsible for making deployment decisions and architecting a PKI within an organization.
Structural Stability and Transformation of Aligned C<sub>60</sub> and C<sub>70</sub> Fullerenes in Double-Wall and Triple-Wall Carbon Nanotube-Peapods (2007)

Clear imaging for stable phases of encapsulated fullerenes has been easily obtained only in double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) and triple-wall carbon nanotubes (TWNTs) due to the high structural stability of the host nanotubes and the encapsulated fullerenes, suggesting that investigation on DWNT- or TWNT-peapods might be a powerful approach to investigate the structures and properties of peapods. At nanotube diameters less than 1.40 nm, the stress forces between the nanotubes and the fullerenes have resulted in deformation of the encapsulated fullerenes and regular arrangement of C70 molecules in the longitudinal orientation. At a diameter of 1.47 nm, free rotation of C70 in different orientations is observed. For a zigzag phase of C60 fullerenes in SWNTs, DWNTs, and TWNTs, the interaction between nanotubes and fullerenes can be expressed as attractive interactions or stress forces at different diameters of host nanotubes. Furthermore, fullerene−nanotube interactions in DWNT-peapods of different diameters are discussed by observing the material after 1200 °C heat treatment.
The reaction of 1,2,3-triazines with Grignard reagents (1985)

Monocyclic 1,2,3-triazines reacted with Grignard reagents to form adducts due to N-2 and C-5 attack together with β-substituted acrylaldehydes and N--substituted pyrazoles; the results show that the N-2,C-4 and C-5 positions are reactive towards Grignard reagents.
Micro‐Supercapacitors Based on Interdigital Electrodes of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotube Composites with Ultrahigh Power Handling Performance (2012)

Abstract A novel method for fabricating micro‐patterned interdigitated electrodes based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon nanotube (CNT) composites for ultra‐high power handling micro‐supercapacitor application is reported. The binder‐free microelectrodes were developed by combining electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) and photolithography lift‐off methods. Without typically used thermal or chemical reduction, GO sheets are readily reduced to rGO during the ESD deposition. Electrochemical measurements show that the in‐plane interdigital design of the microelectrodes is effective in increasing accessibility of electrolyte ions in‐between stacked rGO sheets through an electro‐activation process. Addition of CNTs results in reduced restacking of rGO sheets and improved energy and power density. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements show that the specific capacitance of the micro‐supercapacitor based on rGO–CNT composites is 6.1 mF cm −2 at 0.01 V s −1 . At a very high scan rate of 50 V s −1 , a specific capacitance of 2.8 mF cm −2 (stack capacitance of 3.1 F cm −3 ) is recorded, which is an unprecedented performance for supercapacitors. The addition of CNT, electrolyte‐accessible and binder‐free microelectrodes, as well as an interdigitated in‐plane design result in a high‐frequency response of the micro‐supercapacitors with resistive‐capacitive time constants as low as 4.8 ms. These characteristics suggest that interdigitated rGO–CNT composite electrodes are promising for on‐chip energy storage application with high power demands.
Behavior of Atrial Natriuretic Factor in an Experimental Model of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Rats (2001)

J. Scaglione, , H. A. Dupuy, M. Postan, , Behavior of Atrial Natriuretic Factor in an Experimental Model of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Rats, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 87, No. 4 (Aug., 2001), pp. 923-926