gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digitally Controlled Thyristor Current Source (1979)

A digitally controlled current source, based on a 6-pulse thyristor bridge is described. When part of a larger system, the source is amenable to direct microprocessor control. Salient aspects of the design described here are a new method for zero voltage detection and the configuration and analysis of a digital proportional-integral (PI) controller. The paper gives the design procedure as well as the experimental results obtained on the actual current source.
Presentation of peptides by cultured monocytes or activated T cells allows specific priming of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes <i>in vitro</i> (1995)

The conditions favouring effective specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) priming have been exploited to set up a simple and reproducible method to induce a primary CTL response in vitro. We report that cultured monocytes, as well as activated T cells, pulsed with exogenous HLA-A2 binding immunogenic peptides, can induce primary peptide-specific CTL responses in vitro in a Th-independent manner. Primary viral peptide-induced CTL were HLA-A2 restricted, and recognized both peptide-pulsed target cells and targets infected with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing viral endogenous antigens. In addition, both cultured monocytes and activated T cells primed peptide-specific CD8+ T cells depleted from the CD45RO+ memory cell fraction. The efficiency of CTL priming by monocytes was dependent upon the strong up-regulation of class I, adhesion and co-stimulatory molecules occurring spontaneously upon in vitro culture. The inability of unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mount a peptide-specific CTL response could be reverted by direct co-stimulation of responding CD8+ T cells by soluble B7.1 or a stimulatory anti-CD28 antibody, that allowed a specific response to take place. Although co-stimulation via the B7-CD28 interaction appeared sufficient to trigger CTL responses, it was not essential for CTL priming, since neither anti-B7.1 mAb nor soluble CTLA-4 inhibited induction of primary CTL response. This new method for induction of specific CD8+ T cell response in vitro may be exploited in adoptive immunotherapy in cancer or in HIV-infected patients.
Fetal weight estimation by three‐dimensional ultrasound (2000)

3D sonography allows superior fetal weight estimation by including soft tissue volume. Further studies at the extremes of fetal weight are needed to confirm the value of our formula in these subsets.
Self-Adaptive System for Addressing Permanent Errors in On-Chip Interconnects (2009)

We present a self-contained adaptive system for detecting and bypassing permanent errors in on-chip interconnects. The proposed system reroutes data on erroneous links to a set of spare wires without interrupting the data flow. To detect permanent errors at runtime, a novel in-line test (ILT) method using spare wires and a test pattern generator is proposed. In addition, an improved syndrome storing-based detection (SSD) method is presented and compared to the ILT method. Each detection method (ILT and SSD) is integrated individually into the noninterrupting adaptive system, and a case study is performed to compare them with Hamming and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code implementations. In the presence of permanent errors, the probability of correct transmission in the proposed systems is improved by up to 140% over the standalone Hamming code. Furthermore, our methods achieve up to 38% area, 64% energy, and 61% latency improvements over the BCH implementation at comparable error performance.
Corrosion Resistance of Implant Alloys in Pseudo Physiological Solution and Role of Alloying Elements in Passive Films (1997)

The corrosion resistance of implant alloys was investigated by anodic polarization measurements in a pseudo physiological solution. Role of alloying elements in passive film formed on implant alloys by the anodic polarization was also examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Passivity zones of SUS316L stainless steel and Co–Cr alloys are narrow, and a rapid increase in the current density is observed from a low potential as compared to Ti alloys. The passive current density of Ti-15%Zr-4%Nb-2%Ta-0.2%Pd alloy (mass%) is very low. Effects of protein and dissolved oxygen with 90%N2+5%CO2+5%O2 gas bubbling on anodic polarization curves are not detected. The passive film formed on the Ti-6%Al-4%V extra low interstitial alloy consists mainly of TiO2, Al2O3 and small amounts of V oxide. Passive films on the Ti-15%Zr-4%Nb-2%Ta-0.2%Pd and Ti-15%Sn-4%Nb-2%Ta-0.2%Pd alloys consist of TiO2, ZrO2, SnO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5 and PdO or Pd. XPS spectra from the Co–Cr alloy and SUS316L stainless steel show peaks of Cr2O3, CoO, Fe oxide, Mo oxide, Ni, Co, Fe, Mo and Cr. As Ni, V and Co are strong cytotoxic elements, it was found that biocompatibility of SUS 316L, Co–Cr, Ti-6%Al-4%V ELI alloys become lesser after a long time use in the living body. The thickness of the passive film on Ti alloys is thinner than that of Co–Cr alloy. Passive film formed on the Ti-15%Zr-4%Nb-2%Ta-0.2%Pd alloy is strong and stable.
Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition of molybdenum carbide and nitride with bis(<i>tert</i>-butylimido)bis(dimethylamido) molybdenum (2016)

Molybdenum carbonitride films were deposited using plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition techniques with (tBuN)2(NMe2)2Mo at temperatures ranging from 80 to 300 °C. The elemental composition of the molybdenum carbonitride films were analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with a MoCxNy composition extending from carbide, MoC0.45N0.08 to nitride MoC0.06N1.40 (x: 0.06–0.45; y: 0.08–1.40). The film composition, electrical properties, and optical properties are strongly dependent upon the % N2 in H2 of the plasma gas stream, as well as the process temperature. The molybdenum carbide film (MoC0.45N0.08) deposited at 150 °C achieved an electrical resistivity (ρ) value of 170 μΩ cm and exhibited superconducting behavior with a transition temperature (Tc) of 8.8 K. Nitrogen rich molybdenum carbonitride films (MoC0.28N0.44) deposited at 250 °C with 6% N2 in the plasma gas showed a microcrystalline fine grained structure with a measured ρ = 200 μΩ cm. Film thickness and optical properties were characterized using spectroscopic ellipsometry with a measured growth per cycle extending from 0.36 to 0.56 Å/cycle. The measured optical properties extend across a broad range; refractive index (n: 3.1–3.4), and dielectric constant (k: 1.5–3.18). Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction of the MoCxNy films indicate a fine grained crystal structure, with a transition from a cubic MoC1−x phase for the carbide to a face center cubic γ-Mo2N1±x phase for the nitride films.
Modeling and measurement techniques in packet communication networks (1978)

Considerable advances in the modeling and measurements of packet-switched networks have been made since this concept emerged in the late sixties. In this paper, we first review the modeling techniques that are most frequently used to study these packet transport networks; for each technique we provide a brief introduction, a discussion of its capabilities and limitations, and one or more representative applications. Next we review the basic measurement tools, their capabilities, their limitation, and their applicability to and implementation in different networks, namely land based wire networks, satellite networks, and ground packet radio networks; we also show the importance of well-designed experiments in satisfying the many measurement goals. Finally we discuss briefly some open problems for future research.
Design and implementation of an adaptive High Impedance Fault relay (2007)

To maintain both dependability and security, high impedance fault (HIF) relays must have a good discrimination between high impedance faults and any no fault condition on the feeder that the relay is installed. As these types of faults exhibits very low magnitude currents, the discrimination methodologies are mostly based on the contents of current waveforms; in order to reveal any kind of distortion. Accordingly, the settings of IIIF relays can not be determined by simple readings from the meters on the feeder, but they must be found through comprehensive simulations of different necessary conditions on the feeder under consideration. In this paper, an operational procedure in conjunction with a novel computational algorithm is proposed that has solved the problem of determination of HIF relays settings. The discrimination is based on the magnitude, randomness and steadiness of harmonic energy content of the current waveform. The proposed algorithm does not need any initial information from the distribution network and therefore is adaptive and treats automatically.
Spiky parallel electrostatic ion cyclotron and ion acoustic waves (2002)

Abstract. One of the interesting observations from the FAST satellite is the detection of strong spiky waveforms in the parallel electric field in association with ion cyclotron oscillations in the perpendicular electric fields. We report here an analytical model of the coupled nonlinear ion cyclotron and ion-acoustic waves, which could explain the observations. Using the fluid equations for the plasma consisting of warm electrons and cold ions, a nonlinear wave equation is derived in the rest frame of the propagating wave for any direction of propagation oblique to the ambient magnetic field. The equilibrium bulk flow of ions is also included in the model to mimic the field-aligned current. Depending on the wave Mach number M defined by M = V/Cs with V and Cs being the wave phase velocity and ion-acoustic speed, respectively, we find a range of solutions varying from a sinusoidal wave form for small amplitudes and low M to sawtooth and highly spiky waveforms for nearly parallel propagation. The results from the model are compared with the satellite observations.
Terahertz quantum cascade lasers with >1 W output powers (2014)

Terahertz (THz) frequency quantum cascade lasers emitting peak powers of >1 W from a single facet in the pulsed mode are demonstrated. The active region is based on a bound‐to‐continuum transition with a one‐well injector, and is embedded into a surface‐plasmon waveguide. The lasers emit at a frequency of ∼3.4 THz and have a maximum operating temperature of 123 K. The maximum measured emitted powers are ∼1.01 W at 10 K and ∼420 mW at 77 K, with no correction made to allow for the optical collection efficiency of the apparatus.
The Attributes of Successful Professionals (2007)

Pillars of the Industry - Insights from Jasper Ring, Subsurface Manager for Chevron's Blind Faith Project in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico.
Role of Sialic Acid Binding Specificity of the 1918 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Protein in Virulence and Pathogenesis for Mice (2009)

The 1918 influenza pandemic caused more than 40 million deaths and likely resulted from the introduction and adaptation of a novel avian-like virus. Influenza A virus hemagglutinins are important in host switching and virulence. Avian-adapted influenza virus hemagglutinins bind sialic acid receptors linked via alpha2-3 glycosidic bonds, while human-adapted hemagglutinins bind alpha2-6 receptors. Sequence analysis of 1918 isolates showed hemagglutinin genes with alpha2-6 or mixed alpha2-6/alpha2-3 binding. To characterize the role of the sialic acid binding specificity of the 1918 hemagglutinin, we evaluated in mice chimeric influenza viruses expressing wild-type and mutant hemagglutinin genes from avian and 1918 strains with differing receptor specificities. Viruses expressing 1918 hemagglutinin possessing either alpha2-6, alpha2-3, or alpha2-3/alpha2-6 sialic acid specificity were fatal to mice, with similar pathology and cellular tropism. Changing alpha2-3 to alpha2-6 binding specificity did not increase the lethality of an avian-adapted hemagglutinin. Thus, the 1918 hemagglutinin contains murine virulence determinants independent of receptor binding specificity.
Function of the lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein of <i>Periplaneta americana</i> as an opsonin (1992)

Previously, we reported the purification of an LPS-binding protein from the hemolymph of the American cockroach that was specific for E. coli LPS. In this study we found that this protein participated in the clearance of E. coli cells injected into the abdominal cavity of the cockroach, and that hemocytes ingested E. coli cells treated with this LPS-binding protein in vitro. These findings suggest that this LPS-binding protein acts as an opsonin.
Characterization of the Early Events Leading to Totipotency in an <i>Arabidopsis</i> Protoplast Liquid Culture by Temporal Transcript Profiling  (2013)

The molecular mechanisms underlying plant cell totipotency are largely unknown. Here, we present a protocol for the efficient regeneration of plants from Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. The specific liquid medium used in our study leads to a high rate of reentry into the cell cycle of most cell types, providing a powerful system to study dedifferentiation/regeneration processes in independent somatic cells. To identify the early events in the establishment of totipotency, we monitored the genome-wide transcript profiles of plantlets and protoplast-derived cells (PdCs) during the first week of culture. Plant cells rapidly dedifferentiated. Then, we observed the reinitiation and reorientation of protein synthesis, accompanied by the reinitiation of cell division and de novo cell wall synthesis. Marked changes in the expression of chromatin-associated genes, especially of those in the histone variant family, were observed during protoplast culture. Surprisingly, the epigenetic status of PdCs and well-established cell cultures differed, with PdCs exhibiting rare reactivated transposons and epigenetic changes. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study are interesting candidates for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying plant cell plasticity and totipotency. One of these genes, the plant-specific transcription factor ABERRANT LATERAL ROOT FORMATION4, is required for the initiation of protoplast division.
MANAGEMENT OF AXILLARY SHOOT GROWTH AND MALEIC HYDRAZIDE RESIDUES WITH DIFLUFENZOPYR IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO (NICOTIANA TABACUM) (2008)

Abstract Maleic hydrazide (MH) controls axillary shoot (sucker) growth in tobacco and is used on more than 90% of the tobacco acreage in North Carolina. Residues of MH on flue-cured tobacco often exceed residue limits set by foreign purchasers of U.S. leaf. Research was conducted at the Central Crop Research Station (CCRS) near Clayton, NC and the Border Belt Tobacco Research Station (BBTRS) near Whiteville, NC in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate diflufenzopyr, (2-(1-[([3,5-difluorophenylamino] carbonyl)-hydrazono}ethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid) (BAS 654 H and BASF 131) for the control of sucker growth. Diflufenzopyr was evaluated alone and in tank mixtures with the registered rate of flumetralin, and registered and reduced rates of MH. Treatments were arranged in a factorial design with MH at four rates (0, 0.6, 1.3, and 2.5 kg ai ha −1 ), flumetralin at two rates (0 and 0.7 kg ai ha −1 ), and diflufenzopyr at two rates (0 and 0.017 kg ai ha −1 ). All treatments were applied approximately ten days after the removal of the terminal flower (seven days after the second contact fatty alcohol application). Diflufenzopyr alone resulted in 64% sucker control, and control was similar to flumetralin alone and 0.6 and 1.3 kg of MH alone. Percent sucker control from diflufenzopyr alone, however, was less than the standard treatment of a tank mixture of MH at 2.5 kg and flumetralin at 0.7 kg and was therefore below acceptable levels. Diflufenzopyr and MH at 1.3 kg (one-half the registered rate of MH) controlled sucker growth as well as any treatment in the experiment and was equivalent to the standard treatment. In addition, the three-way combination of diflufenzopyr, MH, and flumetralin allowed a further reduction in MH rate, down to 0.6 kg, without reducing sucker control compared to the standard treatment. There were no yield differences at CCRS in either year. Yield at BBTRS in 2003 was improved with all chemical treatments and generally increased with increasing levels of sucker control. At BBTRS in 2004, however, seven of the eight treatments that included diflufenzopyr yielded less than chemical treatments that did not include diflufenzopyr.
Generic unpacking techniques (2009)

Traditional signature-based malware detection techniques rely on byte sequences, called signatures, in executable for signature-matching. Modern malware authors can bypass signature-based scanning by employing the recently emerged technology of code obfuscation for information hiding. Obfuscation alters the byte sequence of the code without effectively changing the execution behavior. A commonly used obfuscation technique is packing. Packing compresses and/or encrypts the program code. Actual code stays hidden till runtime (when the executable is unpacked) making it immune to static analysis. Since every packer has its associated unpacker to undo packing, a successful generic unpacker is difficult to come by. A few automated unpacking techniques have been published so far that attempt to unpack packed binaries without any specific knowledge of the packing technique used. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the currently published prevalent generic unpacking techniques and weigh their effectiveness at dealing with the spreading nuisance of packed malware. Dynamic analysis is a promising solution to the packing problem as every packed binary has to inevitably unpack itself for execution. Emulation (running code in a virtual environment) is an effective and powerful technique for generic unpacking. We will be reviewing various unpacking techniques based on emulation and a few other hybrid and alternative approaches.
Database Construction for PromoterCAD: Synthetic Promoter Design for Mammals and Plants (2013)

Synthetic promoters can control a gene's timing, location, and expression level. The PromoterCAD web server ( http://promotercad.org ) allows the design of synthetic promoters to control plant gene expression, by novel arrangement of cis-regulatory elements. Recently, we have expanded PromoterCAD's scope with additional plant and animal data: (1) PLACE (Plant Cis-acting Regulatory DNA Elements), including various sized sequence motifs; (2) PEDB (Mammalian Promoter/Enhancer Database), including gene expression data for mammalian tissues. The plant PromoterCAD data now contains 22 000 Arabidopsis thaliana genes, 2 200 000 microarray measurements in 20 growth conditions and 79 tissue organs and developmental stages, while the new mammalian PromoterCAD data contains 679 Mus musculus genes and 65 000 microarray measurements in 96 tissue organs and cell types ( http://promotercad.org/mammal/ ). This work presents step-by-step instructions for adding both regulatory motif and gene expression data to PromoterCAD, to illustrate how users can expand PromoterCAD functionality for their own applications and organisms.
The electronic structure of melamine (1957)

M. J. S. Dewar and L. Paoloni, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1957, 53, 261 DOI: 10.1039/TF9575300261
Evaluation of an antigen‐capture <scp>EIA</scp> for the diagnosis of hepatitis <scp>E</scp> virus infection (2015)

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been developed for hepatitis E virus (HEV) antigen (HEV-Ag) detection and marketed in China. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of the assay and assess the value of HEV-Ag detection in the diagnosis of HEV infection in comparison with HEV RNA detection. Using serial dilutions of a genotype 4 HEV strain, significant correlation was found between the EIA (S/CO) and HEV RNA (IU/mL) concentration in the range 10(3.5) to 10(0.5) IU/mL HEV RNA, the Pearson correlation coefficient r approached 0.97. The EIA detection limit was 54.6 IU/mL, compared to 24 IU/mL for HEV RNA using real-time RT-PCR. In clinical samples from hepatitis E patients, the HEV-Ag and HEV RNA positivity rates were 55.6% (65/117) and 60.7% (71/117) in sera and 76.7% (56/73) and 84.9% (62/73) in stools, and the concordance of these two markers was 77.8% in sera and 80.8% in stools. In serum samples, the HEV-Ag positivity rate and the concordance between HEV-Ag and HEV RNA were inversely proportional to the presence of anti-HEV antibody. The presence of anti-HEV IgG could reduce the S/CO of the HEV-Ag EIA. These results reveal a significant correlation between the detection of HEV-Ag and HEV RNA. The sensitivity of the HEV-Ag EIA was lower than real-time RT-PCR but could be higher than conventional nested RT-PCR. Therefore, the detection of HEV-Ag in serum and faeces is valuable for the diagnosis and prognosis of HEV infection in developing regions where real-time RT-PCR is not available.
Unexpected Cocaine Intoxication in a Fourteen Month Old Child Following Topical Administration (1987)

We report an unexpected cocaine intoxication following the topical administration of 30 mg cocaine in a fourteen month old boy undergoing bronchoscopy for removal of a foreign body. Possible explanations are discussed. The child recovered completely.
Application of biophysical technologies in dental research (2009)

There is a wealth of evidence to indicate that if dental caries can be recognized at an early stage, it is possible to halt its progression or even reverse it. This has led to an increased interest in the development of diagnostic techniques capable of visualizing caries at an early stage in addition to providing clinicians with an aid to diagnosis. Several techniques are available for research and clinical applications for detecting early demineralization. This manuscript has reviewed some of the techniques currently available to determine their advantages, whether they have any limitations and their applicability to dental research and clinical dentistry. Not one method is the perfect choice in all situations, but what is clear is that the development and application of biophysical technologies have allowed major advances to be made in dental research as well as in clinical dentistry. With continued developments these technologies will play an important role in the future management of dental disease.
Data Stream Mining: the Bounded Rationality (2013)

The developments of information and communication technologies dramatically change the data collection and processing methods. Data mining is now moving to the era of bounded rationality. In this work we discuss the implications of the resource constraints impose by the data stream computational model in the design of learning algorithms. We analyze the behavior of stream mining algorithms and present future research directions including ubiquitous stream mining and self-adaption models. Povzetek: V prispevku so predstavljeni algoritmi rudarjenja pretakanja podatkov. 1
Human Monocyte Subsets and Phenotypes in Major Chronic Inflammatory Diseases (2019)

Human monocytes are divided in three major populations; classical (CD14<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>-</sup>), non-classical (CD14<sup>dim</sup>CD16<sup>+</sup>), and intermediate (CD14<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>+</sup>). Each of these subsets is distinguished from each other by the expression of distinct surface markers and by their functions in homeostasis and disease. In this review, we discuss the most up-to-date phenotypic classification of human monocytes that has been greatly aided by the application of novel single-cell transcriptomic and mass cytometry technologies. Furthermore, we shed light on the role of these plastic immune cells in already recognized and emerging human chronic diseases, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis, lung cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Our aim is to provide an insight into the contribution of human monocytes to the progression of these diseases and highlight their candidacy as potential therapeutic cell targets.