gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Declustered Disk Array Architectures with Optimal and (1998)

This paper investigates the placement of data and parity on redundant disk arrays. Declustered organizations have been traditionally used to achieve fast reconstruction of a failed disk’s contents. In previous work, Holland and Gibson identified six desirable properties for ideal layouts; however, no declustered layout satisfying all properties has been published in the literature. We present a complete, constructive characterization of the collection of ideal declustered layouts possessing all six properties. Given that ideal layouts exist only for a limited set of configurations, we also present two novel layout families. PRIME and RELPR can tolerate multiple failures in a wide variety of configurations with slight deviations from the ideal. Our simulation studies show that the new layouts provide excellent parallel access performance and reduced incremental loads during degraded operation, when compared with previously published layouts. For large accesses and under high loads, response times for the new layouts are typically smaller than those of previously published declustered layouts by a factor of 2.5.
Sound Field Reproduction of a Virtual Source Inside a Loudspeaker Array With Minimal External Radiation (2012)

We derived an integral equation for reproducing the sound field of a virtual source inside an array of loudspeakers with reduced radiation to the outside. Reproduction of a sound field over a finite interior region inevitably generates sound waves that propagate outside the region. This undesirable radiation is reflected from walls and can induce artifacts in the interior region. In principle, the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz (KH) integral can be used to reproduce the interior sound field from an exterior virtual source without any external radiation. However, if there is a virtual source inside the array, the integral formula does not explicitly demonstrate how one can reproduce the sound field or minimize the external radiation. In this work, we derive an explicit formula for reproducing a sound field with minimal external radiation when a virtual source is located inside a loudspeaker array. The theory shows that external radiation can be effectively reduced without solving any inverse problem. The proposed formula follows the form of the KH integral and thus requires monopole and dipole sources. Although dipole sources are difficult to build in practice, the theory predicts that sound field reproduction with minimal external radiation is possible and that the room dependency of the sound field reproduction system can be decreased.
Effects of acute and repeated treatment with serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens on intracranial self-stimulation in rats. (2019)

The prototype 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin are classified as Schedule 1 drugs of abuse by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. Accumulating clinical evidence has also suggested that acute or repeated "microdosing" with these drugs may have utility for treatment of some mental health disorders, including drug abuse and depression. The goal of the present study was to evaluate LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin effects on intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), a procedure that has been used to evaluate abuse-related effects of other classes of abused drugs. Effects of repeated LSD were also examined to evaluate potential changes in its own effects on ICSS or changes in effects produced by the abused psychostimulant methamphetamine or the prodepressant kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist U69,593. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with microelectrodes targeting the medial forebrain bundle and trained to respond under a "frequency-rate" ICSS procedure, in which many drugs of abuse increase (or "facilitate") ICSS. In acute dose-effect and time-course studies, evidence for abuse-related ICSS facilitation was weak and inconsistent; the predominant effect of all 3 drugs was dose- and time-dependent ICSS depression. Repeated LSD treatment failed to alter either its own ICSS depressant effects or the abuse-related effects of methamphetamine; however, repeated LSD did attenuate ICSS depression by U69,593. These results extend those of previous preclinical studies to suggest weak expression of abuse-related effects by 5-HT2A agonist hallucinogens and provide supportive evidence for therapeutic effects of repeated LSD dosing to attenuate KOR-mediated depressant effects but not abuse potential of psychostimulants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Single-event upset and snapback in silicon-on-insulator devices (2000)

SEU is studied in SOI transistors and circuits with various body tie structures. The importance of impact ionization effects, including single-event snapback, is explored. Implications for hardness assurance testing of SOI integrated circuits are discussed.
Magnetoelectric effects in ferrite-lead zirconate titanate layered composites: The influence of zinc substitution in ferrites (2003)

The observation of strong magnetoelectric (ME) coupling is reported in zinc-substituted layered composites of ferrites and lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Multilayer samples contained cobalt zinc ferrite ${\mathrm{Co}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ (CZFO) $(x=0--0.6)$ or nickel zinc ferrite ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ (NZFO) $(x=0--0.5)$ and were prepared by laminating and sintering ferrite and PZT thick films obtained by tape casting. The ME voltage coefficient ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{E}$ was measured for transverse and longitudinal field orientations for frequencies 10--1000 Hz. A substantial enhancement in ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{E}$ is observed with the substitution of Zn. The largest increase, by about 500%, is observed in CZFO-PZT and the smallest increase of 60% is measured for NZFO-PZT. As the Zn concentration is increased, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{E}$ increases and shows a maximum for $x=0.2--0.4,$ depending on the ferrite. The data is analyzed based on a theoretical model for a ferrite-PZT bilayer, taking into consideration less than ideal coupling at the interface. The interface coupling parameter k is quite small for CZFO-PZT; it increases from 0 to 0.6 as Zn concentration is increased from 0% to 40%. Composites of NZFO-PZT, however, have a near perfect interface coupling. The Zn-assisted enhancement in the ME coefficient is discussed in terms of joule magnetostriction, initial permeability, and magnetomechanical coupling for the ferrites.
Improved expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor in mice with cerebral infarct and transplanted bone marrow stromal cells: an autoradiographic and histologic analysis. (2006)

These findings suggest that BMSC may contribute to neural tissue regeneration through migrating toward the periinfarct area and acquiring the neuron-specific receptor function.
Effect of Si cap layer on parasitic channel operation in Si/SiGe metal–oxide–semiconductor structures (2003)

We investigate the effects of silicon cap layer thinning on channel carrier confinement in silicon/strained silicon-germanium (Si/SiGe) metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structures. The silicon cap thickness is shown to have a critical influence on the induced parasitic channel in the silicon cap, which lowers the transconductance value of the buried SiGe channel in hole carrier channel p metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor devices. This can have serious consequences on future implementation of SiGe ultrashort channel devices where gate induced parasitic channel and short channel effects can be pronounced. An exact methodology is devised for consumption of silicon cap layer using a modified Radio Corporation of America surface standard clean self-terminating chemical oxide and rapid thermal oxide growth. This provides (i) precise control over the silicon cap and thermal oxide thickness and (ii) a limit on the amount of thermal budget induced strain relaxation in the buried SiGe layer. The threshold voltages for inversion of carriers at the SiO2/Si and the Si/SiGe interfaces are extracted as functions of Si cap thickness. A transition from dual to single channel operation in MOS devices at room temperature on thinning the silicon cap layer is observed with capacitance–voltage measurements. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy techniques are used to calibrate and support the developed methodology for Si cap layer etch control and the effect of Ge species at the oxide–heterostructure interface. There is a high fixed charge density, which indicates Ge pileup at the SiO2/SiGe interface. Our analysis suggests that about 1 nm of silicon cap retention is necessary to minimize the gate induced parasitic channel and to decouple the oxide interface trap influence on the channel carriers in the SiGe.
Discovery and characterization of a new hydrothermal vent based on magnetic and acoustic surveys (2013)

A new hydrothermal vent site in the southern Mariana Trough has been discovered using acoustic and magnetic surveys. Two stage surveys by the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Urashima (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, JAMSTEC) and the manned submersible Shinkai 6500 (JAMSTEC) were conducted in 2009 and 2010, respectively. In the first stage, we detected a clear magnetization low that extends from a previously known hydrothermal vent site, the Pika site, by using a vector magnetometer attached to the AUV. The acoustic signals suggest the presence of hydrothermal plumes emanating from the seafloor within the water column of the 120kHz side scan sonogram; 10 m scale chimney like structures in the 400-kHz multibeam bathymetry data were also detected in the area of low magnetization. These observations strongly suggest the presence of an unseen hydrothermal vent. The subsequent submersible dive discovered a new vent site, which was named the Urashima site [1]. The calculated absolute magnetization using the submersible-attached magnetometer succeeded in estimating the extent of hydrothermally altered zone for both the Pika and Urashima sites. It should be emphasized that the search for a hydrothermal vent site was a direct consequence of the geophysical surveys undertaken in the first stage. Our method can bridge the gap between conventional hydrothermal plume surveys (resolution on a scale of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> m) and visual/photographic surveys (resolution on a scale of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> m) and can precisely delineate the hydrothermally altered zone.
Advanced volume painting with game controllers (2009)

Volume painting is an interactive segmentation technique for volumetric datasets. While volume painting facilitates quickly creating segmentations, e.g., for illustration purposes, segmenting features precisely is often problematic. The volume painting system we present addresses two common problems. First, we introduce several data-dependent painting mechanisms to make precisely segmenting features of interest easy. Second, we use game controllers such as a joystick and a gamepad to create a simple user interface to our system while still providing full control over the large amount of parameters of the painting mechanism. We demonstrate our work giving several examples and compare the effectiveness of the various brushes. We prove that our system is intuitive to use with preliminary user testing. The results indicate that our volume painting framework is an effective, interactive segmentation tool.
Reactions of carbanions with electron acceptors (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of carbanions with electron acceptorsFrederick G. Bordwell, Anthony H. Clemens, Donald E. Smith, and John BegemannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 8, 1151–1156Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00208a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views531Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (824 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Versatile RNA Vector for Delivery of Coding and Noncoding RNAs (2013)

The discovery that RNA viruses, lacking any DNA intermediate, can be engineered to express both coding and noncoding RNAs suggests that this platform may have therapeutic value as a delivery vehicle. Here we illustrate that a self-replicating, noninfectious RNA, modeled on influenza virus, provides one such example of a versatile in vivo delivery system for silencing and/or expressing a desired RNA for therapeutic purposes.
Synchronous carcinoid tumors of the colon--a case report. (1989)

Carcinoids are comprising 0.05 to 0.2% of all malignancies and 0.4 to 1% of gastrointestinal neoplasms. Only about 1 to 3% are located in the colon. Because synchronous colonic carcinoids are extremely rare, a case of a 64-year-old woman is presented. Etiologic, clinical and therapeutic aspects are discussed.
Energy Generation and Utilization in Hydrogen Bacteria (1970)

Studies on the relationship between cell synthesis and energy utilization in Hydrogenomonas eutropha have shown that the amount of oxidative energy required for synthetic reactions depends on the conditions of growth. The energy of hydrogen oxidation was most efficiently used when growth conditions were optimal (continuous culture, cells in exponential growth phase) and when the rate of growth was limited by H(2) or O(2) supply. Under these conditions, 2 to 2.5 atoms of oxygen were consumed by the oxyhydrogen reaction for the concomitant conversion of 1 mole of CO(2) to cell matter. This conversion efficiency, expressed as the O/C energyyield value, was observed with continuous cultures. A less efficient conversion was found with batch cultures. With limiting concentrations of CO(2) the rate of hydrogen oxidation was relatively high, and the O/C value was dependent on the growth rate. With nonlimiting concentrations of CO(2), the rate of hydrogen oxidation was strictly proportional to the rate of CO(2) fixation, and the O/C value was independent of growth rate. This proportionality between the rate of H(2) oxidation and the rate of CO(2) fixation suggested that energy supply regulates the (maximum) rate of growth. From the energy-yield measurements, we concluded that the oxidation of 1 mole of H(2) yields the equivalent of 2 moles of adenosine triphosphate for H. eutropha, and that at least 5 moles of this high-energy phosphate is required for the conversion of 1 mole of CO(2) into cellular constituents.
Oxidation studies on some natural monoterpenes: Citral, pulegone, and camphene (2008)

Citral extracted from Cymbopogon citratus (Gramineae) was subjected to photochemical epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide to obtain a mixture of epoxy derivatives at the C2=C3 and C6=C7 double bonds. The thermal oxidation of citral with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid at room temperature gave only the corresponding 6,7-epoxy derivative as a mixture of E and Z isomers with respect to the C2=C3 double bond. Photosensitized oxygenation of citral in the presence of tetraphenylporphyrin, Rose Bengal, or chlorophyll lead to a mixture of two isomeric hydroperoxides, (2E)-6-hydroperoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,7-dienal and (2E,5E)-7-hydroperoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,5-dienal. Epoxidation of pulegone isolated from Penny royal oil (Mentha pulegium, Lamiaceae) with hydrogen peroxide under irradiation with a sodium lamp lead to a mixture of cis- and trans-isomeric 2,2,6-trimethyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-4-ones, whereas under conditions of photosensitized oxygenation two hydroperoxide derivatives, 2-(1-hydroperoxy-1-methylethyl)-5-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one and 2-hydroperoxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexan-1-one, were also formed. Camphene reacted with hydrogen peroxide under irradiation to give a mixture of the corresponding endo- and exo-epoxy derivatives and camphor, while its thermal oxidation with m-chloroperoxybenzoic produced only the two former.
Enhanced cellular internalization and gene silencing with a series of cationic dendron‐multiwalled carbon nanotube:siRNA complexes (2010)

One of the major obstacles to the clinical development of gene silencing by small interfering RNA (siRNA) is its effective cytoplasmic delivery. Carbon nanotubes have been proposed as novel nanomaterials that can offer significant advantages for the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids, such as siRNA. We recently demonstrated in a proof-of-principle study that amino-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWNT) can effectively deliver in vivo an siRNA sequence, triggering cell apoptosis that results in human lung xenograft eradication and prolonged survival. In the present study, we demonstrate how a newly synthesized series of polycationic dendron-MWNT constructs with a precisely tailored number of amino functions (dendron generations) can complex and effectively deliver double-stranded siRNA to achieve gene silencing in vitro. A systematic comparison between the f-MWNT series in terms of cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and siRNA complexation is offered. Significant improvement in siRNA delivery with the dendron-MWNT conjugates is shown, and gene silencing was obtained in 2 human cell lines using 2 different siRNA sequences. The study reveals that through f-MWNT structure-biological function analysis novel nanotube-based siRNA transfer vectors can be designed with minimal cytotoxicity and effective delivery and gene-silencing capabilities.
390. The kinetics of the iodide-catalysed reaction between hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine in acid, aqueous solution (1953)

P. Davis and W. C. E. Higginson, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 1902 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530001902
Solution structure and mutational analysis of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide binding to the extracellular domain of PAC1-R<sub>S</sub> (2007)

The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptor is a class II G protein-coupled receptor that contributes to many different cellular functions including neurotransmission, neuronal survival, and synaptic plasticity. The solution structure of the potent antagonist PACAP (residues 6'-38') complexed to the N-terminal extracellular (EC) domain of the human splice variant hPAC1-R-short (hPAC1-R(S)) was determined by NMR. The PACAP peptide adopts a helical conformation when bound to hPAC1-R(S) with a bend at residue A18' and makes extensive hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions along the exposed beta-sheet and interconnecting loops of the N-terminal EC domain. Mutagenesis data on both the peptide and the receptor delineate the critical interactions between the C terminus of the peptide and the C terminus of the EC domain that define the high affinity and specificity of hormone binding to hPAC1-R(S). These results present a structural basis for hPAC1-R(S) selectivity for PACAP versus the vasoactive intestinal peptide and also differentiate PACAP residues involved in binding to the N-terminal extracellular domain versus other parts of the full-length hPAC1-R(S) receptor. The structural, mutational, and binding data are consistent with a model for peptide binding in which the C terminus of the peptide hormone interacts almost exclusively with the N-terminal EC domain, whereas the central region makes contacts to both the N-terminal and other extracellular parts of the receptor, ultimately positioning the N terminus of the peptide to contact the transmembrane region and result in receptor activation.
Phenolic Constituents of <i>Phenax </i><i>a</i><i>ngustifolius</i> (2000)

Fractionation of an ethanolic extract of the leaves of Phenax angustifolius has resulted in the isolation of two new lignans, 2-hydroxy-2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl-3-(3' ',4' '-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl-gamma-butyrolactone (1) and 2-hydroxy-2-(4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3'-hydroxyphenyl)methyl-3-(3' ',4' '-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2), and three known compounds, vitexin, isovitexin, and quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined using spectroscopic methods.
NEMO Trimerizes through Its Coiled-coil C-terminal Domain (2002)

NEMO/IkappaB kinase (IKK) gamma is the regulatory component of the IKK complex comprising the two protein kinases, IKKalpha and IKKbeta. To investigate the self-assembly properties of NEMO and to understand further the mechanism of activation of the IKK complex, we purified wild-type and mutant NEMO expressed in Escherichia coli. In the absence of its IKK partners, recombinant NEMO (rNEMO) is a metastable functional monomer correctly folded, according to its fluorescence and far-UV CD spectra, which is binding specifically to the IKK complex. A minor fraction of rNEMO was found tightly associated with DnaK (E. coli Hsp70). We also examined the interaction of NEMO with prokaryotic and eukaryotic Hsp70, and we showed that the Hsp70-NEMO complex forms a supramolecular structure probably corresponding to an assembly intermediate. In vivo cross-linking experiments indicate that native NEMO in association with IKK is in equilibrium between a dimeric and a trimeric form. Similarly to native NEMO, a NEMO mutant deleted from its IKK binding N-terminal domain (residues 242-388) forms a stable trimeric coiled-coil, suggesting that the association of NEMO with IKK or with Hsp70 prevents incorrect interdomain pairing reactions that could lead to aggregation or to an non-native oligomeric state of rNEMO. We propose a model in which the activation of the IKK complex occurs through the trimerization of NEMO upon binding to a not yet identified upstream activator.
Complex rhombus lattice photonic crystals for broadband all-angle self-collimation (2010)

In this paper, we discuss two-dimensional photonic crystals of complex rhombus lattice structures to enable broadband, 'all-angle' light collimation. The proposed structures are made of complex elliptical dielectric rods (ε = 12) embedded in an air background. Based on the equi-frequency contours (EFCs) calculated by the plane wave expansion method (PWEM), these structures show a wide range of open, nearly flat EFCs, with the maximum angular deviation from the primary collimating direction less than 2°. The broadest relative range of these open, nearly flat EFCs found is 17% of a chosen central wavelength. For a sample element centered at 1550 nm, this range covers wavelengths from 1429 to 1695 nm; the devices can be scaled to cover alternative wavelength ranges. These structures could benefit applications that require a broad operating wavelength range. Potential applications include collimating beam combiners, multiplexers and solar light collectors.