gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>DGAT1, DGAT2</i> and <i>PDAT</i> Expression in Seeds and Other Tissues of Epoxy and Hydroxy Fatty Acid Accumulating Plants (2010)

Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the main storage lipid in plants. Acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1 and DGAT2) and phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) can catalyze TAG synthesis. It is unclear how these three independent genes are regulated in developing seeds, and particularly if they have specific functions in the high accumulation of unusual fatty acids in seed oil. The expression patterns of DGAT1, DGAT2 and a PDAT in relation to the accumulation of oil and epoxy and hydroxy fatty acids in developing seeds of the plant species Vernonia galamensis, Euphorbia lagascae, Stokesia laevis and castor that accumulate high levels of these fatty acids in comparison with soybean and Arabidopsis were investigated. The expression patterns of DGAT1, DGAT2 and the PDAT are consistent with all three enzymes playing a role in the high epoxy or hydroxy fatty acid accumulation in developing seeds of these plants. PDAT and DGAT2 transcript levels are present at much higher levels in developing seeds of epoxy and hydroxy fatty acid accumulating plants than in soybeans or Arabidopsis. Moreover, PDAT, DGAT1 and DGAT2 are found to be expressed in many different plant tissues, suggesting that these enzymes may have other roles in addition to seed oil accumulation. DGAT1 appears to be a major enzyme for seed oil accumulation at least in Arabidopsis and soybeans. For the epoxy and hydroxy fatty acid accumulating plants, DGAT2 and PDAT also show expression patterns consistent with a role in the selective accumulation of these unusual fatty acids in seed oil.
Potential Gene Therapy for Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT)–Deficient and Hypoalphalipoproteinemic Patients With Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of Human LCAT Gene (1996)

These data establish the potential of this approach for treatment of subjects with LCAT gene defects as well as patients with low plasma levels of apo A-I and HDL cholesterol.
NEC1, a novel gene, highly expressed in nectary tissue of Petunia hybrida (2000)

To study the molecular regulation of nectary development, we cloned NEC1, a gene predominantly expressed in the nectaries of Petunia hybrida, by using the differential display RT-PCR technique. The secondary structure of the putative NEC1 protein is reminiscent of a transmembrane protein, indicating that the protein is incorporated into the cell membrane or the cytoplast membrane. Immunolocalization revealed that NEC1 protein is present in the nectaries. Northern blot analyses showed that NEC1 is highly expressed in nectary tissue and weakly in the stamen. GUS expression driven by the NEC1 promoter revealed GUS activity in the outer nectary parenchyma cells, the upper part of the filament and the anther stomium. The same expression pattern was observed in Brassica napus. GUS expression was observed as blue spots on the surface of very young nectaries that do not secrete nectar and do accumulate starch. GUS expression was highest in open flowers in which active secretion of nectar and starch hydrolysis had taken place. Ectopic expression of NEC1 resulted in transgenic plants that displayed a phenotype with leaves having 3-4 times more phloem bundles in mid-veins than the wild-type Petunia. The possible role of NEC1 gene in sugar metabolism and nectar secretion is discussed.
Mechanical effects of vasoactive drugs on carotid sinus (1986)

Carotid sinus diameter (CSD) is influenced by changes in sympathetic tone and vasoactive agents. This study was designed to determine which mechanical properties of the carotid sinus region were influenced by infusing vasoconstrictors (epinephrine, 4.56 X 10(-6) M, and phenylephrine, 9.85 X 10(-5) M) and a vasodilator (nitroprusside, 1.68 X 10(-4) M). CSD, carotid sinus length (CSL), pressure (CSP), and compliance (CSC), and arterial pressure were all recorded simultaneously from the isolated constant-flow-perfused carotid sinus region of 11 anesthetized dogs (35 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium) before and after drug perfusion. CSC was measured by a method previously described in which 13 microliters of perfusate is injected into the segment in a step-like manner and the resultant step change in pressure recorded. The compliance of the vessel segment is read on-line after a calibration procedure. CSD and CSL were measured using sonomicrometer length gauges positioned across and along the length of the carotid sinus segment. At a CSP of 99.9 +/- 0.6 (SE) mmHg, CSD, CSL, and CSC were 8.50 +/- 0.44 mm, 9.44 +/- 0.84 mm, and 0.46 +/- 0.05 microliter/mmHg, respectively. Decreasing CSP to 50 mmHg significantly reduced CSD and CSL and increased CSC. Increasing CSP to 150 mmHg produced opposite results. Vasoconstrictor drug infusion significantly decreased and vasodilator drug infusion significantly increased both CSD and CSL, producing parallel shifts in the CSP-CSD and -CSL curves toward and away from the pressure axis. The shift to new pressure-volume curves resulted in no change in CSC in response to the vasoactive agents.
Characterization of Novel <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> Mutants Hypersusceptible to β-Lactam Antibiotics (2005)

Our laboratory previously constructed mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis with deletions in the genes for their major beta-lactamases, BlaC and BlaS, respectively, and showed that the mutants have increased susceptibilities to most beta-lactam antibiotics, particularly the penicillins. However, there is still a basal level of resistance in the mutants to certain penicillins, and the susceptibilities of the mutants to some cephalosporin-based beta-lactams are essentially the same as those of the wild types. We hypothesized that characterizing additional mutants (derived from beta-lactamase deletion mutants) that are hypersusceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics might reveal novel genes involved with other mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance, peptidoglycan assembly, and cell envelope physiology. We report here the isolation and characterization of nine beta-lactam antibiotic-hypersusceptible transposon mutants, two of which have insertions in genes known to be involved with peptidoglycan biosynthesis (ponA2 and dapB); the other seven mutants have insertions which affect novel genes. These genes can be classified into three groups: those involved with peptidoglycan biosynthesis, cell division, and other cell envelope processes. Two of the peptidoglycan-biosynthetic genes (ponA2 and pbpX) may encode beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant enzymes proposed to be involved with the synthesis of the unusual diaminopimelyl linkages within the mycobacterial peptidoglycan.
Solution Structure of Peptide Toxins That Block Mechanosensitive Ion Channels (2002)

Mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) play key roles in sensory processing and have been implicated as primary transducers for a variety of cellular responses ranging from osmosensing to gene expression. This paper presents the first structures of any kind known to interact specifically with MSCs. GsMTx-4 and GsMtx-2 are inhibitor cysteine knot peptides isolated from venom of the tarantula, Grammostola spatulata (Suchyna, T. M., Johnson, J. H., Hamer, K., Leykam, J. F., Gage, D. A., Clemo, H. F., Baumgarten, C. M., and Sachs, F. (2000) J. Gen. Physiol. 115, 583-598). Inhibition of cationic MSCs by the higher affinity GsMtx-4 (K(D) approximately 500 nm) reduced cell size in swollen and hypertrophic heart cells, swelling-activated currents in astrocytes, and stretch-induced arrhythmias in the heart. Despite the relatively low affinity, no cross-reactivity has been found with other channels. Using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, we determined the solution structure of GsMTx-4 and a lower affinity (GsMTx-2; K(D) approximately 6 microm) peptide from the same venom. The dominant feature of the two structures is a hydrophobic patch, utilizing most of the aromatic residues and surrounded with charged residues. The spatial arrangement of charged residues that are unique to GsMTx-4 and GsMTx-2 may underlie the selectivity of these peptides.
RaspiReader: An Open Source Fingerprint Reader Facilitating Spoof Detection (2017)

We present the design and prototype of an open source, optical fingerprint reader, called RaspiReader, using ubiquitous components. RaspiReader, a low-cost and easy to assemble reader, provides the fingerprint research community a seamless and simple method for gaining more control over the sensing component of fingerprint recognition systems. In particular, we posit that this versatile fingerprint reader will encourage researchers to explore novel spoof detection methods that integrate both hardware and software. RaspiReader's hardware is customized with two cameras for fingerprint acquisition with one camera providing high contrast, frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) images, and the other camera outputting direct images. Using both of these image streams, we extract complementary information which, when fused together, results in highly discriminative features for fingerprint spoof (presentation attack) detection. Our experimental results demonstrate a marked improvement over previous spoof detection methods which rely only on FTIR images provided by COTS optical readers. Finally, fingerprint matching experiments between images acquired from the FTIR output of the RaspiReader and images acquired from a COTS fingerprint reader verify the interoperability of the RaspiReader with existing COTS optical readers.
Lipids of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> and <i>Escherichia coli:</i> Structure and Metabolism (1968)

The nature and quantity of the phospholipids of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli K-12 have been examined. The main classes of phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin have been completely characterized. Four minor compounds have been detected: phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, and two partially characterized lipids. The phospholipid composition of the two organisms is quite similar, the only difference is the absence of one of the minor components and a decreased level of all components in E. coli. A study of the turnover of the phosphate in the phospholipids demonstrated no turnover in phosphatidylethanolamine, a slow turnover in phosphatidylglycerol, and a slow turnover in cardiolipin with, possibly, a transfer of phosphate from phosphatidylglycerol to cardiolipin. The amino acid phenylalanine is shown to become incorporated intact into lipidic compounds which have been partially characterized. Methods for the isolation and separation of lipids have been examined for their utility with these bacteria.
An empirical study of univariate and genetic algorithm-based feature selection in binary classification with microarray data. (2007)

We find that the 10-fold external cross-validation misclassification error rates were very comparable. Further, we find that a two-stage GA approach did not demonstrate a significant advantage over a 1-stage approach. We also find that the univariate approach had higher optimism bias and lower selection bias compared to both GA approaches.
Studies with Cells From Marine Fish in Tissue Culture. (1961)

Cells of tissues obtained from marine fish were shown to grow by the explant method at 20 °C in a medium designed for mammalian cells. Preparation of monolayers from cells dispersed by primary trypsinization was accomplished when additional sodium chloride was added to mammalian cell media. Cells in continuous culture were found to multiply more efficiently (as regards time required for sheet formation and number of cells required for satisfactory growth) than did cells in primary culture.
Iterative interference management in coded passive wireless sensors (2013)

Coded wireless sensor networks enable high resolution spatio-temporal data collection from passive battery-free wireless sensors. The quasi-orthogonal digital codes embedded in analog sensors allow for separation of their responses to interrogating signals under certain conditions. Although these types of sensors promise to enable a large array of new applications, they come short in interference management. This study sheds light on the limitations of these types of sensor networks and present novel methods for managing interference in a passive fashion.
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) Registration Keys for Mobile IPv4 (2005)

Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) servers, such as RADIUS and DIAMETER, are in use within the Internet today to provide authentication and authorization services for dial-up computers.Mobile IP for IPv4 requires strong authentication between the mobile node and its home agent.When the mobile node shares an AAA Security Association with its home AAA server, however, it is possible to use that AAA Security Association to create derived Mobility Security Associations between the mobile node and its home agent, and again between the mobile node and the foreign agent currently offering connectivity to the mobile node.This document specifies extensions to Mobile IP registration messages that can be used to create Mobility Security Associations between the mobile node and its home agent, and/or between the mobile node and a foreign agent.
Virulence of Three Distinct<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>Isolates for Healthy Adults (1999)

The infectivity of three Cryptosporidium parvum isolates (Iowa [calf], UCP [calf], and TAMU [horse]) of the C genotype was investigated in healthy adults. After exposure, volunteers recorded the number and form of stools passed and symptoms experienced. Oocyst excretion was assessed by immunofluorescence. The ID50 differed among isolates: Iowa, 87 (SE, 19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 48.67-126); UCP, 1042 (SE, 1000; 95% CI, 0-3004); and TAMU, 9 oocysts (SE, 2.34; 95% CI, 4.46-13.65); TAMU versus Iowa, P=.002 or UCP, P=.019. Isolates also differed significantly (P=.045) in attack rate between TAMU (86%) and Iowa (52%) or UCP (59%). A trend toward a longer duration of diarrhea was seen for the TAMU (94.5 h) versus UCP (81.6 h) and Iowa (64.2 h) isolates. C. parvum isolates of the C genotype differ in their infectivity for humans.
Molecular Sieve Mechanism of Selective Release of Cytoplasmic Proteins by Osmotically Shocked <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

Escherichia coli cells, the outer membrane of which is permeabilized with EDTA, release a specific subset of cytoplasmic proteins upon a sudden drop in osmolarity in the surrounding medium. This subset includes EF-Tu, thioredoxin, and DnaK among other proteins, and comprises approximately 10% of the total bacterial protein content. As we demonstrate here, the same proteins are released from electroporated E. coli cells pretreated with EDTA. Although known for several decades, the phenomenon of selective release of proteins has received no satisfactory explanation. Here we show that the subset of released proteins is almost identical to the subset of proteins that are able to pass through a 100-kDa-cutoff cellulose membrane upon molecular filtration of an E. coli homogenate. This finding indicates that in osmotically shocked or electroporated bacteria, proteins are strained through a molecular sieve formed by the transiently damaged bacterial envelope. As a result, proteins of small native sizes are selectively released, whereas large proteins and large protein complexes are retained by bacterial cells.
D2 receptor occupancy during high- and low-dose therapy with the atypical antipsychotic amisulpride: a 123I-iodobenzamide SPECT study. (2005)

Our findings suggest that amisulpride treatment leads to a significant occupancy of postsynaptic dopamine D(2) receptors. The blockade of D(2) receptors tends to be significantly lower in patients receiving low-dose amisulpride therapy than in patients receiving high-dose therapy.
Does vitamin C reduce blood pressure?Results of a large study of people aged 65 or older (1998)

Plasma ascorbate concentration and intake of vitamin C are covariates of blood pressure in older people living in Britain. New intervention studies are now needed, to test for possible causalities.
Experiments using a laser-based transducer and automated analysis techniques for pipe inspection (2004)

This paper presents the experimental results of an automated sensor system for the inspection of tubular structures. The method is applied to the autonomous inspection of sewers overcoming the drawbacks of standard CCTV-based inspection systems. The transducer consists of a low-cost laser-based profiler attached to a standard CCTV camera. Image analysis techniques and artificial neural networks are used to automatically locate and classify the defects in the pipe using the intensity distribution in the acquired camera images. A wide range of tests using data from different types of pipes in realistic conditions have been conducted and are presented here. It is shown that the proposed inspection approach is particularly well suited to complement existing CCTV inspection systems, providing automated and reliable detection of pipe defects in the millimeter range.
The Induction of Interleukin-6(IL-6) and Colony-Stimulating Factors(CSFs) by FK565 and Its Thrombopoietic Activity Following in Vivo Administration. (1994)

The induction of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in monkey plasma following administration of FK565 was observed within 2 h of injection peaked at 4 h, and remained high after 24 h. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and M-CSF levels increased in monkeys treated with FK565, even at doses as low as 0.01 mg/kg. Granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) levels increased slightly following a dose of 1 mg/kg, but granulocyte macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) was not detected at any doses of FK565 studied. To examine the thrombopoietic activity of FK565 in vivo, single doses of drug (0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg) were administered i.v. to cynomolgus monkeys or normal mice on day 0. The promotes platelet (PLT) count after FK565 injection decreased transiently on days 1 and 2, and then increased in a dose-dependent manner on day 5 and was still high on day 14. The experiment using anti-PLT antibody showed that the increased PLT count was not simply due to a rebound phenomenon after the transient decrease in PLT. The effect of i.v. FK565 was studied in mice myelosuppressed with a single dose of mitomycin C (MMC) (5.6 mg/kg). The fall in PLT count was suppressed on day 7 by 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg FK565. Although intact cells or tissues are necessary for an increase in PLT following FK565 treatment, FK565 suppressed the impaired hematopoietic function seen after chemotherapy. FK565 is proposed as a drug to restore reduced neutrophil and platelet counts found in AIDS or cancer therapy.
Ideal frequency modulator (1974)

A ideal frequency modulator is described. This modulator principle is based on a conjunctor oscillator.
β‐Lactam antimicrobials: what have you done for me lately? (2012)

The "perpetual challenge of infectious diseases" is no better exemplified than by the phenomena of rapid emergence and spread of bacterial resistance. Although β-lactam antimicrobials have thus far been a mainstay of the therapeutic armamentarium for treatment of severe infections, their preeminent position has been challenged by an onslaught of resistance mechanisms in major nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens, including modification of penicillin-binding proteins, production of β-lactamases, overexpression of efflux pumps, and loss of porins. Given this formidable array of resistance mechanisms facing patients and their physicians, one can reasonably ask if there is hope for the future of β-lactams.
<i>Legionella pneumophila</i>Replication in Macrophages Inhibited by Selective Immunomodulatory Effects on Cytokine Formation by Epigallocatechin Gallate, a Major Form of Tea Catechins (2001)

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) is a major form of tea catechin and has a variety of biological activities, including antitumor as well as antimicrobial activity against some pathogens. Although the biological activities of EGCg have been extensively studied, its immunological effects are not well known. In the present study, the ability of EGCg to modulate macrophage immune functions in an in vitro Legionella pneumophila infection model of macrophages was examined. The study showed that EGCg inhibited the growth of L. pneumophila in macrophages at a concentration as low as 0.5 microg/ml without any direct antibacterial effect on the organisms. The EGCg selectively upregulated the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and downregulated IL-10 production of macrophages induced by L. pneumophila infection in a dose-dependent manner, but did not alter IL-6 production even at a high dose. The upregulation of the levels of macrophage gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) mRNA by EGCg was also demonstrated. Treatment of macrophage cultures with anti-TNF-alpha and anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibodies markedly abolished the anti-L. pneumophila activity of macrophages induced by the EGCg treatment. These results indicate that EGCg selectively alters the immune responses of macrophages to L. pneumophila and leads to an enhanced anti-L. pneumophila activity of macrophages mediated by enhanced production of both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. However, the enhancement of in vitro anti-L. pneumophila activity by EGCg may not be directly mediated by IL-10 and IL-12 production modulation. Thus, the results of this study revealed the immunomodulatory effect of EGCg on macrophages, which have a critical role in infections.
RF CMOS$LC$-Oscillator With Source Damping Resistors (2006)

This letter proposes a new method to suppress the 1/ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f$</tex> noise contribution of active devices in an oscillator using source damping resistors. The operational mechanism of the proposed source damping resistor method is analyzed through circuit simulation with a complementary <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$LC$</tex> -oscillator. The reduced 1/ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f$</tex> noise leads to the phase noise improvement by suppressing 1/ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f$</tex> noise up-conversion to phase noise. The measurement result shows that there is about 6.0dBc and 4.0dBc of phase noise improvement at 10kHz and 100kHz offset frequency with differential complementary <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$LC$</tex> -oscillator topology, respectively.