gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of V-MCM-41 and Its Catalytic Properties in Oxidation of Benzene (1999)

A series of mesoporous vanadosilicate V-MCM-41 molecular sieves with variable Si/V ratios have been hydrothermally synthesized at pH = 10. These materials were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), framework FTIR, diffuse reflectance UV−visible spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption measurement, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis. XRD and FTIR showed that the solid products had the MCM-41 structure and contained only atomically dispersed vanadium consistent with framework vanadium in V-MCM-41. Nitrogen sorption results showed that all of the materials had a uniform pore size distribution with pore size of around 3.0 nm. The crystallinity of V-MCM-41 decreased with an increase of the vanadium content. The hexagonal array structure of uniform pore size was observed by TEM. It proved that the pores were highly aligned. The catalytic activities of V-MCM-41 were tested in the partial oxidation of benzene by diluted hydrogen peroxide in a batch reactor. Phenol was the only liquid product. The catalytic activities of V-MCM-41 were more active than those supported on Y and β zeolite. In addition, the V/MCM-41 prepared with hydrothermal synthesis was more active than that prepared with impregnation.
Intrusive mechanics generates inclination forces and orthopedic stimulus followed by simultaneous dental repositioning and bone remodelling or Intrusion forces are not applied in intrusive mechanics, but intrusive effects are still obtained (2011)

The low intensity and long duration aggressions to the periosteum induce the formation of new layers and can increase the volume of bone and change its shape. In intrusive mechanics, the natural inclination of the roots provides the tooth inclination movement. At the same time that it promotes compression forces on the periodontal ligament of teeth subjected to this kind of mechanics, in other areas, tension forces with deflection occur. These effects also involve the outer surfaces, since the thickness of the bone in the alveolar process is thin and can lead to the formation of new layers, including the cervical part of the alveolar bone crest. In intrusive mechanics, there is an alveolar remodeling with orthodontic nature associated to a modification of bone internal and external structure, satisfying the demand for forces with orthopedic features. The intrusive effect on the so called intrusive mechanics may be the result of alveolar remodeling induced by the inclination forces, and of the modification of bone volume due to subperiosteal bone formation on the outer part of the alveolar process. Probably accurate imaging studies, with high precision CT, will be able to detect these subperiosteal phenomena in future studies involving patients before and after application of intrusive mechanics.
Model system for the study of inital damage to arterial endothelial cells in situ by scanning electron microscopy. (1980)

The central artery of the rabbit ear was injected with either 1 ml of control or test solutions in a model system which allowed for the study of effluent fractions coming from a segment of the artery and for the examination of the vessel by electron microscopy. The procedure allowed for either mixing of blood with the test solution ("flow by") or injection of the solutions in the absence of blood ("no flow by"). Effluent fractions were collected and assayed for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and indicator of PGI2 production. After the collection of effluent fractions, the artery was perfused with 1% glutaraldehyde to begin fixation. Ultrastructural damage to endothelial cells was seen, by SEM, in a graded response to sodium arachidonate solutions at concentrations between 6.6 and 3.3 mM ("flow by"); and between 3.3 and 0.83 mM ("no flow by"). Lower concentrations of arachidonate did not cause damage. Damage included enucleation, separation or denudation of endothelial cells. Sodium linoleate produced similar damage. A burst of PGI2 production appeared to be associated with arachidonate-damaged endothelium. Injection of sodium arachidonate at lower concentrations (0.33 mM and 0.165 mM) resulted in continuous production of PGI2 over a period of 1 to 5 minutes.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of some Quaternary Morpholinium Chlorides (2010)

The synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 31 morpholinium chlorides, divided into five series depending on the substituents attached to the nitrogen atom, N-carboxyalkyl-morpholinium chlorides (1a-e), N-carbalkoxymethyl-N-methyl-morpholinium chlorides (2a-f), N-carbethoxymethyl-N-alkyl-morpholinium chlorides (3a-g), N-carbalkoxymethyl-N-dodecyl-morpholinium chlorides (4a-f) and N-carboxymethyl-N-alkyl-morpholinium chlorides (5a-g) is reported. The compounds investigated were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Trichophyton menthagrophytes. The most active are compounds with a long N-alkyl group and with the substituent CH2COOC(n)H(2n-1) (n = 8-16).
Dry scrubbing of SO/sub 2/ (1982)

The advantages of dry scrubbing over wet scrubbing or spray drying are considered. One of the problem areas is that of waste disposal. The most cost-effective solutions are land disposal or landfill in clay cells. The factors influencing the selection of an SO/sub 2/ scrubbing system are discussed. Nahcolite appears to be the most promising agent for dry scrubbing.
Shape Memory Characteristics of Thermoelastic TiNi System Rapid-Solidified Fibers (2002)

Ti50Ni50−xCux(x=0, 5, 10, 15 at%) fine fibers(diameter=φ80 μm, length=20 cm∼1 m) were successfully developed by the arc-melted rapid-solidification method. It has been very difficult to do the conventional melt-work processing from the bulk material of this alloy to very fine fiber because of the brittleness of the especially in the range of Cu≥8 at%. The fibers showed good shape memory effect. As Cu content increased, the temperature hysteresis(=Af-Mf) of recovery strain-temperature curves as well as that in the DSC curves became smaller. The tensile strength showed more than 1000 MPa in Ti50Ni40Cu10 at%. Therefore, the developed rapid-solidified, thermoelastic fine fiber actuator/sensor materials have high potential for applications for micro-machines and the fillers of smart composites.
Detecting and visualizing gene fusions (2012)

In recent years, gene fusions have gained significant recognition as biomarkers. They can assist treatment decisions, are seldom found in normal tissue and are detectable through Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the transcriptome (RNA-seq). To transform the data provided by the sequencer into robust gene fusion detection several analysis steps are needed. Usually the first step is to map the sequenced transcript fragments (RNA-seq) to a reference genome. One standard application of this approach is to estimate expression and detect variants within known genes, e.g. SNPs and indels. In case of gene fusions, however, completely novel gene structures have to be detected. Here, we describe the detection of such gene fusion events based on our comprehensive transcript annotation (ElDorado). To demonstrate the utility of our approach, we extract gene fusion candidates from eight breast cancer cell lines, which we compare to experimentally verified gene fusions. We discuss several gene fusion events, like BCAS3-BCAS4 that was only detected in the breast cancer cell line MCF7. As supporting evidence we show that gene fusions occur more frequently in copy number enriched regions (CNV analysis). In addition, we present the Transcriptome Viewer (TViewer) a tool that allows to interactively visualize gene fusions. Finally, we support detected gene fusions through literature mining based annotations and network analyses. In conclusion, we present a platform that allows detecting gene fusions and supporting them through literature knowledge as well as rich visualization capabilities. This enables scientists to better understand molecular processes, biological functions and disease associations, which will ultimately lead to better biomedical knowledge for the development of biomarkers for diagnostics and therapies.
Transport of glutathione conjugates and glucuronides by the multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2. (1997)

The search for the membrane proteins mediating the ATP-dependent transport of conjugates with glutathione, glucuronate, or sulfate has led to the identification of the multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2. Both 190-kDa membrane glycoproteins were cloned in the recent years and shown to be unidirectional ATP-driven export pumps with an amino acid identity of 49% in human. MRP1 is detected in the plasma membrane of many cell types, including erythrocytes, whereas MRP2, also termed canalicular MRP (cMRP) or canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT), has been localized to the apical domain of polarized epithelia, particularly to the hepatocyte canalicular membrane. Physiologically important substrates of both transporters include glutathione S-conjugates such as leukotriene C4, bilirubin glucuronides, 17 beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, dianionic bile salts such as 6 alpha-glucuronosyl hyodeoxycholate, and glutathione disulfide. Both transporters have been associated with multiple drug resistance of malignant tumors because of their capacity to pump drug conjugates and drug complexes across the plasma membrane into the extracellular space. The substrate specificity of MRP1 and MRP2 is very different from MDR1 P-glycoprotein. MRP1 and MRP2 may be termed conjugate transporting ATPases functioning in detoxification and, because of their role in glutathione disulfide export, in the defense against oxidative stress.
Effect of Spray Nozzle Design on Fish Oil–Whey Protein Microcapsule Properties (2010)

Microencapsulation improves oxidative stability and shelf life of fish oil. Spray and freeze drying are widely used to produce microcapsules. Newer spray-nozzles utilize multiple fluid channels allowing for mixing of wall and core materials at the point of atomization. Sonic energy has also been employed as a means of atomization. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nozzle type and design on fish oil encapsulation efficiency and microcapsule properties. A total of 3 nozzle types, a pressure nozzle with 1 liquid channel, a pressure nozzle with 2 liquid channels, and a sonic atomizer with 2 liquid channels were examined for their suitability to encapsulate fish oil in whey protein isolate. Physical and chemical properties of freeze dried microcapsules were compared to those of microcapsules produced by spray drying. The 2-fluid pressure and ultrasonic nozzles had the highest (91.6%) and the lowest microencapsulation efficiencies (76%), respectively. There was no significant difference in bulk density of microcapsules produced by ultrasonic and 3-fluid pressure nozzles. The ultrasonic nozzle showed a significantly narrower particle size distribution than the other nozzles. This study demonstrated that new nozzle designs that eliminate emulsion preparation prior to spray drying can be beneficial for microencapsulation applications. However, there is still a need for research to improve microencapsulation efficiency of multiple channel spray nozzles. Practical Application: Since this research evaluates new spray nozzle designs for oil microencapsulation, the information presented in this article could be an interest to fish oil producers and food industry.
A single-phase isolated AC-DC converter using an interleaved MMC (2015)

This work introduces a single-phase isolated ac-dc topology using an interleaved modular multilevel converter. There is a medium frequency transformer which provides the galvanic isolation and operates at 10 kHz, allowing the weight and volume reduction. Also, the transformer connects a modular multilevel converter with coupled interphase inductors at the high voltage side to a full-bridge converter at the low voltage side. The modular multilevel converter provides the current and voltage distribution in the submodules reducing the efforts on the switches while the full-bridge phase-shift converter controls the bidirectional power flow. The topology is well suitable for a wide range of medium voltage applications such as solid-state transformers, ac or dc distributed power systems and renewable energy systems. The principle of operation and the control scheme are presented. The topology validation is made through simulation concerning a single-phase converter with 13.8 kV / 60 Hz input line voltage, 4 submodules with 10 kHz switching frequency per arm, 11.27 kV/800 V - 10 kHz medium frequency transformer, 800 V dc output voltage and 100 kW power rating.
Heat flow in an infinite medium heated by a sphere (1952)

A solution is given of the heat conduction problem in which a sphere generating heat at a constant rate is embedded in an infinite medium of different thermal properties. The solution is of use in a consideration of the disinfestation and sterilization of biological materials by differential heating due to the application of h.f. fields. Typical curves are given showing the transient temperature at the centre of the sphere for various ratios of the physical constants involved.
A simple, fast and scalable non-blocking concurrent FIFO queue for shared memory multiprocessor systems (2001)

A non-blocking FIFO queue algorithm for multiprocessor shared memory systems is presented in this paper. The algorithm is very simple, fast and scales very well in both symmetric and non-symmetric multiprocessor shared memory systems. Experiments on a 64-node SUN Enterprise 10000 — a symmetric multiprocessorsystem — and on a 64-node SGI Origin 2000 — a cache coherent non uniform memory access multiprocessorsystem — indicate that our algorithm considerably outperforms the best of the known alternatives in both multiprocessors in any level of multiprogramming. This work introduces two new, simple algorithmic mechanisms. The first lowers the contention to key variables used by the concurrent enqueue and/or dequeue operations which consequently results in the good performance of the algorithm, the second deals with the pointer recycling problem, an inconsistency problem that all non-blocking algorithms based on the compare-and-swap synchronisation primitive have to address. In our construction we selected to use compare-and-swap since compare-and-swap is an atomic primitive that scales well under contention and either is supported by modern multiprocessors or can be implemented efficiently on them.
Synthesis and hydrolysis of chemodegradable cationic surfactants containing the 1,3‐dioxolane moiety (1994)

Abstract In acid‐catalyzed reactions of long‐chain aliphatic aldehydes (Ia‐d where a = n ‐C 7 H 15 ; b = n ‐C 9 H 19 ; c = n ‐C 11 H 23 ; d= n ‐C 13 H 27 ), and tridecan‐7‐on (Ie) with 3‐chloro‐1,2‐propane‐diol, 2‐alkyl‐ and 2,2‐dihexyl‐4‐chloromethyl‐1,3‐dioxolanes (IIa‐e) were obtained. They were reacted with anhydrous dimethylamine to obtain, respectively, 2‐alkyl‐and [(2,2‐dihexyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methyl] dimethylamines (IIIa‐e), which were quaternized with methyl bromide to obtain the desired ammonium bromides (IVa‐e). The structure and purity of the compounds was proved by mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, [(2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methyl] trimethylammonium bromide and [(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)‐methyl] trimethylammonium bromide were synthesized as nonaggregating standards. Hydrolysis reactions of the synthesized ammonium bromides were performed by 0.1 M hydrochloric acid in 1∶1 (vol/vol) 1,4‐dioxane‐water mixtures at 50, 60 and 70°C. Rate constants of hydrolysis reactions were determined by observing carbonyl group formation at 280 nm. The hydrolytic reactivity of the studied surfactants (IVa‐c,e) was determined under unaggregated conditions. Compound IVd showed decreased reactivity. The length of the 2‐alkyl group has a minor effect on rate constant values. The influence of various substituents at the C‐4 atom of the 2‐nonyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl derivatives on rate constants was also investigated.
Application of Nonlineanty Measurng Method Using Two Frequencies to Electrcal Components (1985)

Information of nonlinearity in voltage and current characteristics of electrical components has been used for finding their defect. A commonly used method is that the third-harmonic frequency produced by the nonlinearity is picked up as a measure of the nonlinearity, when a current of single frequency is given to the component. A method using two frequencies is introduced in this paper. In this method, two currents of different frequencies are fed into a component under test, and one of newly produced frequencies by intermodulation caused by the nonlinearity is selected as the measure of the nonlinearity of the component. Features of this method are: 1) distortion in the current sources is allowed; 2) detecting frequency can be made very much lower than that of the sources; 3) filters to select the detecting frequency from the source frequencies can be made simpler; and 4) measurement of multi-orders of distortion became possible, while keeping the same connection, by changing the source frequency. The measuring method and some characterized measured results are shown. The results obtained by this not only show existence and amount of very small nonlinearity, but also show characters of the nonlinearity of the component with large exaggeration. It is expected then that the results may be used for analysis of physical phenomena of electrical conduction in the component, as well as for finding its defect.
A modified bow-tie slot antenna fed by a CPW-to-CPW transition loaded with inductively coupled slots for ultra wide - band applications (2005)

A novel CPW-fed asymmetric bow-tie slot antenna for UWB applications is examined. The antenna has been successfully implemented, exhibiting 7.94 GHz of impedance bandwidth. By incorporating inductively coupled bow-tie slots at both sides of the CPW line, evident enhancement of the impedance behavior is demonstrated. Further investigation of a novel CPW-to-CPW transition and a proposed model asymmetry is described. The miniature shape (47 mm /spl times/ 36 mm), bidirectional behavior and medium gain of this antenna means that it can have a potential impact in modern UWB radio applications.
Magnetic topology and guiding centre drift orbits in a reversed shear tokamak (2000)

The magnetic topology and particle drift orbits are analysed in a monotonic q profile and in a reversed shear TEXTOR equilibrium that is subject to a magnetic perturbation driven by the Dynamic Ergodic Divertor (DED). The main results prove that there exists a transport barrier for magnetic field lines and for circulating particles in the reversed shear case when the DED is applied. This transport barrier occurs near the surface of minimum q value where the KAM theory may be invalid. Moreover, it should be noted that trapped particles are lost due to the presence of ripple and that the DED does not affect their trajectories. To analyse magnetic topology, a symplectic perturbed map is used and the guiding centre orbits are evaluated in Boozer co-ordinates.
The Oxidation of Gelatin (1989)

Oxidation of gelatin in order to render it inert and sterile and for colour bleaching has been well known for many years. During this procedure inorganic compounds, namely thiosulphate, sulphite and nitrite, are destroyed as well as the organic impurity cysteine. Under strong conditions carbohydrates and aldehydes are oxidized too.The oxidation potentials of some substances have been determined. But not only impurities will be oxidized, some amino acids of the gelatin molecule undergo oxidation as well. Methionine is easily oxidized, forming methionine sulphoxide, other amino acids are converted to aldehydes or to other compounds, respectively.We describe experiments in which gelatins are treated with different oxidizing agents with subsequent chemical analyses.Oxidized gelatins were employed for photographic emulsion preparations whereby the influence on grain growth was investigated. It turned out that grain growth increases with oxidation. Addition of cysteine decreases the grain growth in oxidized gelatins, whereas methionine accelerates it when added in higher concentrations. Our data suggest that during the oxidation procedure the gelatin is mostly changed by the destruction of cysteine.
Real-time granular sampling using the IRCAM signal processing workstation (1994)

This paper describes research into granular sampling, including “time-stretching” techniques, and presents a musical application using the IRCAM Signal Processing Workstation in which granular sampling is controlled via turbulence algorithms and stochastic processes in a real-time compositional environment. Additionally, an important aspect of this work involves the control of granular techniques via the real-time detection and tracking of musical parameters of live instruments.
Antiinflammatory <i>C</i>-Glucosyl Chromone from <i>Aloe barbadensis</i> (1996)

A new antiinflammatory agent identified as 8-[C-beta-D-[2-O-(E)-cinnamoyl]glucopyranosyl]-2- [(R)-2-hydroxypropyl]-7-methoxy-5-methylchromone (1) has been isolated from Aloe barbadensis Miller. At a dose of 200 microg/mouse ear, 1 exhibited topical antiinflammatory activity equivalent to 200 microg/ear of hydrocortisone. There was no reduction in thymus weight caused by treatment with 1 for any of the doses tested, while 200 microg/ear of hydrocortisone resulted in a 50% decrease in thymus weight.
Hardware Acceleration of Monte-Carlo Structural Financial Instrument Pricing Using a Gaussian Copula Model (2008)

In recent years the financial world has seen an increasing demand for faster risk simulations, driven by increasing contract complexity and client portfolio growth. Traditionally many financial models employ Monte-Carlo simulation, which can take excessively long to compute in software. Hence, commonly a hardware accelerator is sought out. This thesis focuses on accelerating structured financial instruments, namely Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) pricing, which have previously not been targeted for hardware acceleration despite their prominence in the financial market. This thesis presents a hardware implementation for the One-Factor and the Multi-Factor Gaussian Copula models. It also explores the precision requirements and the resulting resource utilization for each such numerical representation. The results show that the hardware implementation mapped onto a Xilinx XC5VSX50T chip is over 64 and 71 times faster than corresponding software running on a 3.4 GHz Intel Xeon processor, for the One-Factor and the Multi-Factor models, respectively.