gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of hydrogen peroxide in competition and cooperation between Streptococcus gordonii and Actinomyces naeslundii (2008)

In dental plaque alpha-haemolytic streptococci, including Streptococcus gordonii, are considered beneficial for oral health. These organisms produce hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) at concentrations sufficient to kill many oral bacteria. Streptococci do not produce catalase yet tolerate H(2)O(2). We recently demonstrated that coaggregation with Actinomyces naeslundii stabilizes arginine biosynthesis in S. gordonii. Protein arginine residues are sensitive to oxidation by H(2)O(2). Here, the ability of A. naeslundii to protect S. gordonii against self-produced H(2)O(2) was investigated. Coaggregation with A. naeslundii enabled S. gordonii to grow in the absence of arginine, and promoted survival of S. gordonii following growth with or without added arginine. Arginine-replete S. gordonii monocultures contained 20-30 microM H(2)O(2) throughout exponential growth. Actinomyces naeslundii did not produce H(2)O(2) but synthesized catalase, removed H(2)O(2) from coaggregate cultures and decreased protein oxidation in S. gordonii. On solid medium, S. gordonii inhibited growth of A. naeslundii; exogenous catalase overcame this inhibition. In coaggregate cultures, A. naeslundii cell numbers were >90% lower than in monocultures after 24 h. These results indicate that coaggregation with A. naeslundii protects S. gordonii from oxidative damage. However, high cell densities of S. gordonii inhibit A. naeslundii. Therefore, H(2)O(2) may drive these organisms towards an ecologically balanced community in natural dental plaque.
Filtering Poincaré plots (2005)

The Poincar plot (PP) is one of the many techniques used for ascertaining the heart rate variability, which in turn is a marker of the activity of the autonomic system. Poincar plots are very simple to produce, but their preparation involves a few fine points. This paper describes one of them, namely the filtering of data used for the Poincar plot. We show the correct way of filtering data, present a few results of not filtering or incorrect filtering and demonstrate how proper filtering helps extract interesting information from the data. A few algorithms for preparing Poincar plots, filtering data and calculating PP descriptors are included. As Matlab's programming language is the unquestionable standard for data analysis in the medical sciences, we illustrate these algorithms by snippets of code in this language.
The XVth World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics, October 7–11, 2007: Rapporteur summaries of oral presentations (2008)

The World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics (WCPG) has become an annual event since the early 1990's sponsored by the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics (ISPG). Each year the latest published and unpublished findings are aired for discussion by representatives of the majority of research programs on this topic world-wide. The 2007 congress was held in New York City and attracted over 1000 researchers. The topics emphasized included results from whole genome association studies, the significance of copy number variation and the important contributions of epigenetic events to psychiatric disorders. There were over 20 oral sessions devoted to these and other topics of interest. Young investigator recipients of travel awards served as rapporteurs to summarize sessions and these summaries follow.
Enrichment for murine keratinocyte stem cells based on cell surface phenotype (2000)

The identification and physical isolation of epithelial stem cells is critical to our understanding of their growth regulation during homeostasis, wound healing, and carcinogenesis. These stem cells remain poorly characterized because of the absence of specific molecular markers that permit us to distinguish them from their progeny, the transit amplifying (TA) cells, which have a more restricted proliferative potential. Cell kinetic analyses have permitted the identification of murine keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) as slowly cycling cells that retain [(3)H]thymidine ([(3)H]Tdr) label, termed label-retaining cells (LRCs), whereas TA cells are visualized as rapidly cycling cells after a single pulse of [(3)H]Tdr, termed pulse-labeled cells (PLCs). Here, we report on the successful separation of KSCs from TA cells through the combined use of in vivo cell kinetic analysis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Specifically, we demonstrate that murine dorsal keratinocytes characterized by their high levels of alpha(6) integrin and low to undetectable expression of the transferrin receptor (CD71) termed alpha(6)(bri)CD71(dim) cells, are enriched for epithelial stem cells because they represent a minor ( approximately 8%) and quiescent subpopulation of small blast-like cells, with a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, containing approximately 70% of label-retaining cells, the latter being a well documented characteristic of stem cells. Conversely, TA cells could be enriched in a phenotypically distinct subpopulation termed alpha(6)(bri)CD71(bri), representing the majority ( approximately 60%) of basal keratinocytes that are actively cycling, and importantly contain approximately 70% of [(3)H]Tdr pulse-labeled cells. Importantly, immunostaining of dorsal skin revealed the presence of CD71(dim) cells in the hair follicle bulge region, a well documented location for KSCs.
Genetics of Qualitative Traits in Domesticated Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) (2002)

In Salvia hispanica L., several changes in qualitative characters, including seed coat color, stem pigmentation, and shattering, have evolved with cultivation and domestication. Three F(2) segregating generations from crosses between wild and domesticated parents were scored for three qualitative traits. A single recessive gene, designated scc, was found to govern the white seed characteristic. A single dominant gene, designated SSP, was found to control striated stem pigmentation. A complete dominance of open calyx over closed calyx was observed in F(1) generations and small numbers of plants with closed calyxes were observed in F(2) generations, not conforming to Mendelian ratios. For this non-shattering trait, a complementation test was conducted between two lines representative of geographically and morphologically divergent domesticated varieties. Complementary gene action was not observed in any F(1) plants, and all F(2) plants were homogeneous with respect to the trait, suggesting the same genetic control for non-shattering among domesticated varieties. An analysis of limited data for linkage of SSP and scc indicated that the two loci segregate independently.
A new approach to the capacitor-commutated converter for HVDC-a combined commutation-capacitor of active and passive capacitors (2002)

This paper introduces a new approach to the capacitor-commutated converter (CCC) for HVDC. A small-rated three-phase voltage-source PWM converter is connected between a series commutation capacitor and thyristor rectifier through matching transformers. The PWM converter acts as auxiliary commutation-capacitor for the thyristor rectifier while the series capacitor acts as the main commutation capacitor. The capacitance, which is the sum of the small-rated active and series passive capacitors, is variable, so that stable commutation is obtained. In CCCs commutation failure occurs when the AC bus voltage is recovered whereas the proposed combined commutation-capacitor can achieve successful commutation for both rapidly decreasing and increasing AC bus voltages. The basic principle of the proposed active-passive capacitor commutated converter is discussed in detail. Then, constant margin-angle control with a constant firing angle of the thyristor converter is proposed using a function generator block. Digital simulation demonstrates the novelty and effectiveness of the proposed active-passive capacitor commutated converter.
Tetrahedral Junction (1960)

The term tetrahedral junction refers to a class of waveguide junctions having the symmetry properties of a tetrahedron, and loaded by a ferrite rod magnetized axially. The structure possesses a combination of properties which make it suitable as a gyrator or switch and, with appropriate modifications, as an isolator or circulator. It exhibits characteristically low dissipative loss, high mechanical symmetry, and moderate band width. A first attempt to construct a simple theoretical model has yielded a correlation with the most conspicuous observed properties of the junction.
Should statin therapy be considered for patients with elevated C-reactive protein? The need for a definitive clinical trial (2001)

Should statin therapy be considered for patients with elevated C-reactive protein?The need for a definitive clinical trialClinical trials demonstrate that HMGCoA reductase inhibitors reduce the risk of first cardiovascular events [1,2] .However, better screening methods are needed in primary prevention to detect high risk individuals for whom the number needed to treat is small enough to make prophylactic statin therapy cost-effective.Although LDL screening improves cost-effectiveness of statins in some primary prevention settings, this approach is incomplete as nearly half of all coronary events occur among persons without overt hyperlipidaemia [3,4] .In an effort to improve vascular risk detection, many physicians have considered screening for C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory biomarker associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral arterial disease [5][6][7][8][9] .Such a combined lipid plus CRP screening approach has intuitive appeal, in part because CRP predicts future vascular risk even among those with low to normal lipid levels.Further, as statin therapy lowers CRP in an LDL independent fashion [10,11] , it has been hypothesized that CRP screening might provide a novel method to improve the targeting of statin therapy, particularly among those with low to normal levels of LDL cholesterol.This important hypothesis was addressed in a recent analysis of the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/ TexCAPS) [12] .In brief, AFCAPS/TexCAPS was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lovastatin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular events conducted among 6605 American men and women with average cholesterol levels and below average HDL levels.Individuals with uncontrolled hypertension, secondary hyperlipidaemia, diabetes requiring insulin, or morbid obesity were excluded.Following randomization to either lovastatin or matching placebo, participants were followed over an average period of 52 years for the occurrence of first acute coronary events, prospectively defined as fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or sudden cardiac death.
Solid Phase Adherence Assays: Alternatives to Conventional Blood Bank Tests (1985)

Solid phase assays, using intact red blood cells as indicators, have been developed as alternatives to routine tests based on hemagglutination. Solid phase ABO and Rh grouping assays employed microtitration plates whose wells had been precoated with antibody. Patient or donor red cells are added to the wells and the plates centrifuged. To detect unexpected red cell-related antibodies, test sera are added to wells coated with reagent red cells. A wash phase removes unbound immunoglobulins, anti-IgG and IgG-sensitized cells are added, and the plates centrifuged. In both assay systems, positive and negative test results appear as effacement and noneffacement, respectively, of red blood cells. The performance of solid phase grouping and detection assays was evaluated in comparison to tube hemagglutination tests. Results indicate that solid phase assays are sensitive and specific. Moreover, the simplicity of solid phase assays makes them desirable alternatives to existing hemagglutination techniques.
USA pumps up the hydro. (1997)

Drawing on his experience of working on hydropower projects in the United States, Dene Wilson gives an update on a selection of the country's pumped storage projects. The article highlights five selected hydroelectric pumped storage schemes, outlining the variety of geologic and geotechnical features, and some interesting design and construction methods used of optimise pumped hydro schemes. The five schemes are : Bath County, VA ; Pickens County (Rich Mt), GA, 900 MW ; Grand Coulee Dam, WA, 310 MW ; Robert Moses Niagara Power Project, Lewiston, NY, 2000 MW ; Bas Creek, SC, 1065 MW.
Selegiline can mediate neuronal rescue rather than neuronal protection (1993)

Selegiline [(-)-deprenyl] has been reported to slow the progression of disabling deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease (AD). The apparent slowing has been proposed to be based on either symptomatic improvement due to increased dopaminergic neurotransmission or alternately on protection of neurons from damage caused by toxic oxidative radicals. Both mechanisms are hypothesized to result from the inhibition of monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) activity. Our experiments in two animal models have shown that selegiline has a second, previously unsuspected action. That is, selegiline can rescue neurons after they have sustained lethal damage and the rescue is independent of MAO-B inhibition. It was previously shown that the coadministration of selegiline with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) could protect dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons (dSNns) from damage by blocking conversion of MPTP to its active radical N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by inhibiting MAO-B. In the first model, we treated C57BL mice with MPTP but delayed selegiline treatment for 72 h after the MPTP treatment to allow for complete conversion of MPTP to MPP+ and for maximal dSNn damage by MPP+. The delayed selegiline treatment rescued approximately 69% of the dSNns that had not died by the time the treatment began but were found to die with saline treatment. Selegiline doses that were too small to cause inhibition of MAO-B substrate oxidation rescued the MPTP-damaged dSNns. The second model was based on previous work showing that immature (14-day-old) rat facial motoneurons die after axotomy because of a loss of trophic support from the muscle they innervate. Selegiline treatment increased the number of motoneurons surviving axotomy from 24 to 52%, showing that selegiline can rescue neurons by partially compensating for the loss of target-derived trophic support. This "trophic-like" action of selegiline might account for the reported slowing of the progression of PD and AD and suggests that selegiline therapy may be of value with acute nervous system damage, particularly damage caused by trauma.
Alamouti Coding for DFT Spreading-Based Low PAPR FBMC (2018)

So far, the solutions for the two major issues of filter bank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM), i.e., 1) high PAPR and 2) incompatibility with MIMO have been devised exclusive of each other; and thus, the signal formats and processings are also exclusive. Therefore, how to constructively combine their solutions into a single system is another challenging issue. As a specific solution to this, we extend the idea of DFT spreading-based low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) FBMC scheme to the ICI-free Alamouti-coded FBMC. In order to inherit the merits of the two schemes, we first provide the required modifications for combining the two schemes. A mathematical analysis confirms that even with frequency reversal Alamouti code arrangement and subblock partitioning, the proposed scheme still achieves the single carrier effect of DFT spreading. The simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme achieves substantially lower PAPR than the previous Alamouti-coded FBMC scheme. Moreover, owing to the additional frequency diversity via DFT spreading, the proposed scheme with properly chosen subblock size achieves even lower BER than the theoretical Alamouti-coded BER with a diversity order of two. Considering the PAPR, BER, and data rate loss, we conclude that the proposed scheme is a competitive solution for Alamouti-coded multicarrier system.
On linear inductance- and capacitance-time conversions using NIC-type configurations (1993)

The problem of linear inductance- and capacitance-time (L/T, C/T) conversion is approached through the systematic study of four approaches to building astable multivibrators using piecewise linear resistances obtained from one operational amplifier (OA) negative impedance converter (NIC) configuration. A new L/T converter with grounded inductance is found. Formulas for the time period taking into consideration the losses as well as the OA saturation output resistance are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sotalol versus Amiodarone in Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation. (2016)

The availability of intravenous (IV) Sotalol has equalized the treatment options since both amiodarone and sotalol are available in both IV and oral formulations. A review of the efficacy of sotalol as compared to amiodarone both for conversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) and maintenance of normal sinus rhythm (NSR) following cardiac surgery was undertaken. Standard methods of meta-analysis were employed. Full text publications of clinical trials written in English that compared the efficacy of sotalol to amiodarone were included in the analysis. For the conversion of AF to NSR, five studies were found eligible for the analysis. Two studies clinically compared sotalol to amiodarone for the maintenance of NSR after cardiac surgery. The common relative success of sotalol was 0.947 (95Cl: 0.837 to 1.071, P = 0.385), revealing essentially no differences in efficacy for conversion between amiodarone and sotalol. The average conversion rate was 47% with sotalol and 52% with amiodarone. The conversion rates were lower for persistent AF (sotalol 22% and amiodarone 27%), while greatest for recent onset AF (88% sotalol and 77% for amiodarone). The risk of developing post-operative atrial fibrillation was practically the same in both regimes, relative risk = 1.214 (95% CI: 0.815-1.808, p=0.339). In summary, sotalol and amiodarone are equally effective in AF conversion and maintenance of NSR post-cardiac surgery.
Linear-time inference in Hierarchical HMMs (2001)

The hierarchical hidden Markov model (HHMM) is a generalization of the popular hidden Markov model that eciently models sequences with hierarchical structure. The conventional inference algorithm for HHMMs is somewhat complicated, and its time complexity is cubic in the length of the observation sequence, making it impractical for many problems. In this paper, we show how HHMMs are a special case of the more general framework of dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs), and thereby derive a much simpler and faster inference algorithm with complexity linear in the length of the observation sequence. Furthermore, by drawing the connection between HHMMs and DBNs, we open a whole array of approximation techniques to further speed up inference. 1
Design of a spotsize-converter-integrated laser diode (SS-LD) with a lateral taper, thin-film core and ridge in the 1.3-μm-wavelength region based on the 3-D BPM (1996)

In order to develop spotsize-converter-integrated laser diodes (SS-LDs) with high efficiency and large-misalignment tolerances in the 13-/spl mu/m-wavelength region, spotsize converters (SSCs), which consist of lateral taper, thin-film core and ridge, are investigated employing the three-dimensional (3-D) semivectorial finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) with nonequidistant discretization. The sum of the spot-conversion loss and coupling loss between the laser diode (LD) eigenmode and the single-mode fiber (SMF) eigenmode are calculated for various structural parameters. Small loss of around 1.5 dB can be achieved by introducing a nonlinear taper. The fabrication tolerances for the SSCs are also clarified. The calculated results agree well with the results for actually fabricated SS-LD's. It is also shown that the radiation loss and coupling characteristics of the SS-LDs with a buried thin-film core structure can be improved using a nonlinear taper.
Analysis of Address Discharge Modes by Using a Three-Dimensional Plasma Display Panel (2008)

Three-dimensional infrared (IR) emissions in address period were experimentally investigated using a 6-in 3-D plasma display panel. Depending upon various driving conditions, two address discharge modes were observed: single-tail mode and double-tail mode (DTM). The DTM should be avoided because it may result in the discharge failure of the addressed cells. Based on the 3-D images of the IR emissions in the address period, the wall charge distributions on the Y and A electrodes after two address discharge modes were estimated. In addition, the minimum sustain and address voltages (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> ) were measured to compare the voltage margins between the two modes.
Classical<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">XY</mml:mi></mml:math>Model in 1.99 Dimensions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3916 (1995)] (1995)

After the publication of our paper, we learned that the XY model on a class of finitely ramified fractals is studied in [1],which is one of the pioneering papers in "physics on fractals.
High-performance uncooled distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser without lateral regrowth (2012)

We demonstrate, uncooled, room-temperature continuous-wave (cw) operation of single-mode distributed-feedback (DFB) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting around 4.6 μm without lateral regrowth. The effects of cavity length on device performance are studied. A record low threshold electrical power consumption of 2.3 W for the entire laser system with a 1.5-mm-long cavity is realized. For the 2-mm-long laser, high cw output power of 125 mW and very low threshold current density of 0.86 kA/cm2 are obtained. Our devices represent an important step towards using uncooled DFB QCLs in mid-infrared spectral range for practical applications.
Rayleigh Imaging of Graphene and Graphene Layers (2007)

We investigate graphene and graphene layers on different substrates by monochromatic and white-light confocal Rayleigh scattering microscopy. The image contrast depends sensitively on the dielectric properties of the sample as well as the substrate geometry and can be described quantitatively using the complex refractive index of bulk graphite. For a few layers (<6), the monochromatic contrast increases linearly with thickness. The data can be adequately understood by considering the samples behaving as a superposition of single sheets that act as independent two-dimensional electron gases. Thus, Rayleigh imaging is a general, simple, and quick tool to identify graphene layers, which is readily combined with Raman scattering, that provides structural identification.
Stable expression of maize auxin‐binding protein in insect cell lines (1995)

To achieve continuous expression of the major maize auxin-binding protein (ABP1) in insect cells, the ABP1 gene coding region was placed under control of a baculovirus immediate-early gene promoter and transfected into Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells. The ABP1 gene was detected in twelve cell lines, one of which was selected for detailed analysis. Immunolocalisation demonstrated that ABP1 was targeted to and retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in accordance with its signal peptide and carboxy-terminal KDEL ER-retention signal. We discuss the advantages of stable-transformation over transient expression systems for characterising proteins targeted to the secretory system of insect cells.