gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Contributions in the Field of Crime and Criminal Justice (1928)

long to note here, but a special circular can be had from the several publishers. Finally, there are new books and magazine articles treating of science, the scientific method and research, in more popular terminology, sometimes none too scientific in their methods and conclusions, but always stimulating and helpful to the student or worker who has achieved the ' scientific habit of mind. Among these are Science: The False Messiah by C. E. Ayers (Bobbs-Merrill, I927); The War on Modern Science by Maynard Shipley (Knopf, I9z7); Heredity and Human Affairs by Edward M. East (Scribner, I927); The Next Age of Man by A. E. Wiggam (BobbsMerrill, I9z7); Scientific Humanism by Lothrop Stoddard (Scribner, i9z6); The Science of Religion by L. G. Rohrbaugh (Henry Holt, I927); The Higher Foolishness by David Starr Jordan (Bobbs-Merrill, I927); and Gamaliel Bradford's Darwin (Houghton Mifflin, I92q7).
L'iconografia femminile nel libro italiano del Rinascimento: alcuni aspetti di ciclicità e le "talking heads" del Boccaccio (2006)

Nine patients with various types of severe glomerulonephritis were treated with drainage of the thoracic duct (n=8) and/or plasmapheresis (n=6) without the use of pharmacological immunosuppression. In most of the patients treatment produced a prompt temporary regression of albuminuria and creatininemia. In one patient renal function was substantially improved 8 months after the last period of treatment, in 2 patients the progress of the uremia was probably retarded. In the remaining 6 patients treatment had no obvious effect on the course of the illness. Drainage of the thoracic duct and plasmapheresis may be of benefit in the treatment of glomerulonephritis, but their proper utilization requires further studies.
Phase-shift technique for the measurement of chromatic dispersion in single-mode optical fibres using LEDs (1983)

The phase-shift technique has been successfully extended to chromatic dispersion measurements in single-mode optical fibres. Using only two sinusoidally modulated LEDs operating at 1.33 and 1.47 μm, accurate results have been achieved in the spectral region of interest, in good agreement with those obtained with the Nd-Yag laser and Raman fibre technique.
Optimization of integrated circuit design with respect to yield (2002)

In general, product design can be viewed as an optimization problem, where the objective is some measure of performance or life cycle cost. An important feature of integrated circuit fabrication that has no apparent analog in other industries is the need to consider the net yield of the fabrication process during the design phase of product development. This paper discusses the problem of optimal circuit design with respect to yield, which has become an important application for nonlinear optimization techniques.
Highly efficient electroluminescence of new wide band gap ladder-type poly(para-phenylenes) (1996)

We present the optical and electronic properties of a polymeric semiconductor, a new soluble stable ladder-type poly(para-phenylene) (LPPP, band gap=2.69 eV) and demonstrate its excellent applicability in blue-green electroluminescence (EL) devices. The high intrachain order and the low defect concentration of the polymer lead to a remarkably low absorption coefficient in the subgap region (αmin&lt;12 cm−1 at 1.5 eV) and also to a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (30% in the solid state). The current/electric field characteristics of the high efficiency (up to 0.04 photons/electron) EL devices reveal a polymer film thickness dependence on the required onset field due to ordering effects in the active polymer layer. The shape of the recorded EL spectra can be controlled by the applied electric field in the blue-green spectral range.
Expression and molecular cloning of drought-induced genes in the wild tomato <i>Lycopersicon chilense</i> (1992)

Protein synthesis and translatable mRNA population changes induced during water stress were studied in leaves of a drought-resistant wild relative of tomato, Lycopersicon chilense, using one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under our experimental conditions, water deficit did not significantly affect total protein synthesis capacity. However, it induced biphasic synthesis of a new set of proteins. These newly synthesized proteins resumed to control levels upon rehydration of the plants. Certain drought-induced proteins also accumulated in leaves subjected to heat shock (39 degrees C) or exogenous abscisic acid (ABA, 1 mM) treatments. A cDNA library was constructed using poly(A)+ RNA from leaves of plants exposed to drought stress for 4 days. Differential screening of the library identified three groups of clones corresponding to drought- and ABA-induced mRNAs. Northern blot analysis showed that the genes of selected clones respond differently to the different environmental stresses. Our data clearly demonstrate that water stress alters gene expression in L. chilense plants resulting in the synthesis of new proteins, of which several respond to high temperature stress and others to an osmotic effect. These responses are in part modulated by ABA.
Stepped Circular Waveguide Dual-Mode Filters for Broadband Contiguous Multiplexers (2012)

A stepped circular waveguide dual-mode (SCWDM) filter is fully investigated in this paper, from its basic characteristic to design formula. As compared to a conventional circular waveguide dual-mode (CWDM) filter, it provides more freedoms for shifting and suppressing the spurious modes in a wide frequency band. This useful attribute can be used for a broadband waveguide contiguous output multiplexer (OMUX) in satellite payloads. The scaling factor for relating coupling value M to its corresponding impedance inverter K in a stepped cavity is derived for full-wave EM design. To validate the design technique, four design examples are presented. One challenging example is a wideband 17-channel Ku-band contiguous multiplexer with two SCWDM channel filters. A triplexer hardware covering the same included bandwidth is also designed and measured. The measurement results show excellent agreement with those of the theoretical EM designs, justifying the effectiveness of full-wave EM modal analysis. Comparing to the best possible design of conventional CWDM filters, at least 30% more spurious-free range in both Ku-band and C-band can be achieved by using SCWDM filters.
<title>Tumor localization using fluorescence of indocyanine green (ICG) in rat models</title> (1995)

The permeability of tumor blood vessels to contrast agents (Gd chelates) has formed the basis for MRI breast tumor identification. It is also believed that angiogenesis starts before further tumor growth. Here we report tumor detection and localization using the fluorescence of Indocyanine Green (ICG). ICG fluorescence is excited by CW NIR laser light with a central wavelength of 830 nm is recored as a function of time. Differential fluorescence signals were observed after a low-dose intraveneous injection of ICG aqueous solution in rat model experiments. The difference between the fluorescence signal from the tumor side and the fluorescence signal from the control side is detectable even when the tumor is very small. During the tumor exponential growth phase, the ratio of these two signals is approximately 2.5; the ratio of the initial ICG clearance velocity in the tumor leg to that in the control leg is about 3. New investigations on human subjects with breast tumors, or reoccurrence after breast tumors were removed, are underway, and preliminary differential fluorescence signals have been observed.
Self-selection of lysine by growing pigs: choice combinations between deficient or suboptimal and adequate or superoptimal dietary levels according to sex (1993)

Self-selection of dietary lysine was studied in one 42-d experiment involving 100 Large White growing pigs, with an equal number of females and castrated males, initially weighing 17.7 kg, within 5 treatments of 20 animals in each. A common basal diet (17% CP, 13.8 MJ DE/kg) based on maize, soybean meal and peanut meal, and containing a deficient level of lysine (0.61%), was used. Supplementary L-lysine was provided to obtain suboptimal (0.74%), optimal (0.85%) and superoptimal (1.21%) levels of total lysine for growth, as assumed from usual recommendations. In addition to treatment 1, a control where pigs were fed ad libitum a single diet with 0.85% lysine, 4 treatments with free choice of lysine within paired diets were compared. These included deficient or suboptimal levels of lysine on the one hand and optimal or superoptimal levels on the other according to a 2 x 2 factorial plan: 0.61 vs 0.85% (treatment 2), 0.74 vs 0.85% (treatment 3), 0.61 vs 1.21% (treatment 4), 0.74 vs 1.21% (treatment 5). The results showed sex difference in diet selection according to lysine content. Females had a distinct preference for the superoptimal level (1.21%) compared to the optimal level (0.85%), especially during the initial period of the trial, their requirement being higher than the presupposed 0.85% optimal level. For castrated males, the preference for lysine was restricted to the lower 0.85% level. The ability of females to self-select a greater proportion of the high lysine feed as opposed to castrated males was related to a higher potential for lean tissue growth. These results confirm that the growing pig is able to differentiate between diets differing only in their lysine contents. Complementary observations on plasma-free amino acids suggested the use of diets adequately balanced for amino acids when offered for free choice.
Primary biliary cirrhosis: From bench to bedside (2015)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic non-suppurative destructive intrahepatic cholangitis leading to cirrhosis after a protractive non cirrhotic stage. The etiology and pathogenesis are largely unknown and autoimmne mechanisms have been implicated to explain the pathological lesions. Many epitopes and autoantigens have been reported as crucial in the pathophysiology of the disease and T and B cells abnormalities have been described, the exact pathways leading to the destruction of small intrahepatic ductules are mostly speculative. In this review we examined the various epidemiologal and geoepidemiological data as well as the complex pathogenetic aspects of this disease, focusing on recent in vivo and in vitro studies in this field. Initiation and progression of PBC is believed to be a multifactorial process with strong infuences from the patient's genetic background and by various environmental factors. The role of innate and adaptive immunity, including cytokines, chemokines, macrophages and the involvement of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species are outlined in detailed. The current pathogenetic aspects are presented and a novel pathogenetic theory unifying the accumulated clinical information with in vitro and in vivo data is formulated. A review of clinical manifestations and immunological and pathological diagnosis was presented. Treatment modalities, including the multiple mechanisms of action of ursodeoxycholate were finally discussed.
Fabrication and characterization of Ge_20As_20Se_15Te_45 chalcogenide glass for photonic crystal by nanoimprint lithography (2016)

Ge20As20Se15Te45 chalcogenide glass was fabricated and systematically studied. This glass exhibits broad transmission range, high linear and non-linear refractive index, and good thermal stability. The low glass transition temperature allowed for the thermal nanoimprint to be accomplished directly on the bulk Ge20As20Se15Te45 glass to produce photonic crystals with a hybrid soft stamp. By optimizing the imprint conditions, uniform gratings with 500 nm depth grooves were fabricated by direct resist-free thermal nanoimprint lithography.
Cantilever effects on the measurement of electrostatic potentials by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (2001)

Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a unique way to measure electrostatic potentials for small geometries. It has numerous applications including characterization of integrated circuits and nanoscale devices. SKPM is attractive because of the quantitative nature of the measurements. In this work, we have examined one of the principal sources of measurement error, the cantilever (which holds the probe tip). The accuracy of measurements of electrostatic potentials on closely spaced regions biased differently is reduced due to a large capacitance gradient associated with the cantilever. However, it is observed that the accuracy of measurements increases as the tip–sample distance is decreased because the capacitance gradient of the tip becomes proportionally larger relative to that of the cantilever. It is further observed that longer tips with smaller cantilever areas measure the electrostatic potentials more accurately as the capacitance gradient of the cantilever is reduced. Scanning probe tips are parametrized by a factor R, which indicates their suitability for SKPM measurements.
The Shareholder Value and Stakeholder Discussion: An International Overview (2000)

Although there is more than one definition of the shareholder value approach it is commonly accepted that it has importance mainly in two areas:1 first, as a norm in financial management . this means that management has to align company policy with the financial goals of the shareholders; second, it is a method of value-orientated company planning. The concepts, therefore, are based on the capital-market-related discounted cash flow method.2 Alternative company strategies have to be measured and compared according to the present values of future cash flows. Thus, shareholder value analysis has become a valuable instrument of strategy assessment. As far as can be seen there are no objections to the latter point. However, the former, the demand that the management concentrate primarily or exclusively on maximizing the wealth of the company’s shareholders, meets criticism, especially from voices outside the Anglo-Saxon cultural environment. They argue that it should not be a company’s exclusive target to increase dividends and ensure higher stock exchange prices, even if it has to be accepted that the shareholders are the direct risk-takers of a company; there are obviously more target groups who are affected by and interested in the well-being of a company:
Oligomerization of Olefins Catalyzed by New Cationic Palladium(II) Complexes Containing an Unsymmetrical α-Diimine Ligand (1999)

The palladium complexes [(Py-2-CMeNAr)PdMe(MeCN)]+BAr‘4- (2+BAr‘4-) and [Pd(Py-2-CMeNAr)2]2+(BAr‘4-)2 [Ar = 2,6-(i-Pr)2−C6H3, Ar‘ = 3,5-(CF3)2−C6H3)] have been synthesized from (Py-2-CMeNAr)PdMeCl, and their crystal and molecular structure has been determined by X-ray analysis. 2+BAr‘4- is an efficient catalyst for the oligomerization of ethylene, propylene, and 1-hexene, as well as for the cooligomerization of ethylene with alkyl acrylates.
Posaconazole: A new oral antifungal agent with an expanded spectrum of activity (2009)

Posaconazole is an oral anti-fungal agent with a broader spectrum of activity and better clinical efficacy than other available antifungals. It is less nephrotoxic than the polyenes and probably less likely to be involved in drug-drug interactions than the mold-active azoles.
Generation and stabilization of short soliton pulses in the amplified nonlinear Schrödinger equation (1988)

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS), with its modified forms, is the central equation for the description of nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers. There are a number of different physical situations in which coupling between waves leads to energy transfer. In such systems, ultrashort pulses have been observed to form during propagation. In this paper we show that much of this behavior can be understood by considering the effects of gain in the NLS. We also show that perturbations of the NLS do not destroy these results, provided that the modified equation possesses solitary-wave solutions.
Distributed networking system for Internet access service (2003)

The number of ADSL subscribers in Korea Telecom is remarkably increasing by as many as eight hundred new subscribers every day, with a total number now already at 3 million. Because of such a large number of customers, we need a systematic networking system that can easily accommodate the explosive growth in the number of ADSL subscribers, and efficiently and uniformly manage the various heterogeneous network equipments that are increasing in proportion to the growth of ADSL subscribers. This paper, thus, proposes the distributed networking system architecture for Internet-access service provision using ATM over ADSL. In this paper, we describe the hierarchical network model in deploying ADSL services across the ATM access networks, which can easily accommodate the explosive growth ADSL subscribers in the future. In addition, this paper describes the distributed networking system and its capability to provide a systemic network management using the principal networking concepts of service ordering, addressing, routing, adaptation and switching. All of the networking system components with CORBA objects in favor of the distribution and location transparency are defined and described using the CORBA interface description language (IDL) for commonality. Lastly, we present its implementation and operation in Korea Telecom.
Kinetics of Oxide Growth during Reoxidation of Lightly Nitrided Oxides (1992)

The change in dielectric thickness during light nitridation and reoxidation of thin thermally grown oxides has been measured using both optical and electrical techniques. The results of these measurements are shown to be consistent. No change in dielectric thickness is observed during nitridation. The results indicate that the thickness increase during the reoxidation following nitridation obeys a universal curve which depends only on the ratio of reoxidation time to nitridation time. A simple physical explanation is that the nitridation of the dielectric results in a barrier to additional oxide growth. The amount of time required for the reoxidation to overcome the barrier increases with increasing nitridation time.
Assay of Collagen‐Galactosyltransferase and Collagen‐Glucosyltransferase Activities and Preliminary Characterization of Enzymic Reactions with Transferases from Chick‐Embryo Cartilage (1975)

Procedures are described for the assay of collagen galactosyltransferase and collagen glucosyltransferase activities. The methods are based on the transfer of [ 14 C]galactose or [ 14 C]glucose from the corresponding radioactive UDP‐glycoside to hydroxylysyl or galactosylhydroxylysyl residues in calf‐skin gelatin substrate, and on the specific assay of the products of the enzymic reactions. The assay of the products includes precipitation of the protein, and removal of most of the radioactivity present in the free UDP‐glycoside by several washings of the precipitate. The [ 14 C]galactosylhydroxylysine or [ 14 C]glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine is then liberated by alkaline hydrolysis, and purified further by a modified Dowex chromatography and by paper electrophoresis. The procedure is entirely specific when judged by amino acid analysis, and it is possible to assay a series of 36 samples in 2 days. The sensitivity of the method permits assays in extracts from several tissues, including tissues with low transferase activities, such as liver. Preliminary characterization of the transferases from chick embryo cartilage indicated that the galactosyltransferase did not catalyze the transfer of galactose to free hydroxylysine. Dialyzable peptides were found to act as substrates for both transferases. The K m , for the gelatinized collagen substrate was 150 g/l in the reaction with the galactosyltransferase, and 14 g/1 in that with the glucosyltransferase. The K m , for UDP‐galactose or UDP‐glucose in the reaction with the corresponding transferase was about 30 μM. Both transferases required a metal co‐factor, and manganese was found to be far more effective than any other metal tested. The optimal manganese concentration for both transferases was 10 mM. No stimulation of the glucosyltransferase activity was found with folate, which has recently been reported to stimulate collagen glucosyltransferase from rat kidney.
Bookbuilding vs. Fixed Price: An Analysis of Competing Strategies for Marketing IPOs (1997)

Lawrence M. Benveniste, Walid Y. Busaba, Bookbuilding vs. Fixed Price: An Analysis of Competing Strategies for Marketing IPOs, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Dec., 1997), pp. 383-403
Inhibition of induction of human contact sensitization by topical glucocorticosteroids (1976)

• Ten healthy human volunteers were exposed to a primary sensitizing dose of 1 mg dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) by an open topical technique within an area that had been pretreated with a potent topical glucocorticosteroid compound. Quantitative elicitation testing was performed on the opposite side by an open patch test technique two weeks after the sensitizing application. One (10%) of the ten subjects became sensitized. A matched control group of ten subjects was similarly sensitized without steroid treatment. Eight (80%) of the ten became sensitized. One month later, five of the eight test subjects in whom sensitization had been prevented were retested in an identical fashion without steroid pretreatment, to determine if any degree of tolerance had been induced. All five subjects became sensitized. Topical glucocorticosteroids inhibited the development of sensitization to topically applied DNCB. Tolerance was not induced by this single process. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>112:175-178, 1976)
The Influence of Chitosan Cross-linking on the Properties of Alginate Microparticles with Metformin Hydrochloride—In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation (2017)

Sodium alginate is a polymer with unique ability to gel with different cross-linking agents in result of ionic and electrostatic interactions. Chitosan cross-linked alginate provides improvement of swelling and mucoadhesive properties and might be used to design sustained release dosage forms. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop and evaluate possibility of preparing chitosan cross-linked alginate microparticles containing metformin hydrochloride by the spray-drying method. In addition, influence of cross-linking agent on the properties of microparticles was evaluated. Formulation of microparticles prepared by the spray drying of 2% alginate solution cross-linked by 0.1% chitosan was characterized by good mucoadhesive properties, high drug loading and prolonged metformin hydrochloride release. It was shown that designed microparticles reduced rat glucose blood level, delayed absorption of metformin hydrochloride and provided stable plasma drug concentration. Additionally, histopathological studies of pancreas, liver and kidneys indicated that all prepared microparticles improved degenerative changes in organs of diabetic rats. Moreover, no toxicity effect and no changes in rats behavior after oral administration of chitosan cross-linked alginate microparticles were noted.
Stop the Sores: The Making and Evaluation of a Successful Social Marketing Campaign (2008)

Los Angeles County has experienced a rapid increase in early syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) in recent years, with the number of cases rising from 126 in 2000 to 809 in 2005. As part of the public health response to this outbreak, a sustained social marketing campaign was launched in 2002, with the objectives of increasing syphilis testing, knowledge, and awareness among MSM in Los Angeles. This campaign, as implemented, exemplified key principles of social marketing, including market research, audience segmentation, and branding. A cross-sectional study conducted in 2004 to evaluate the campaign found that those MSM who were aware of the campaign were nearly twice as likely to have tested for syphilis in the past 6 months as those MSM who were not aware of the campaign. Those MSM who were aware of the campaign also had more syphilis awareness and knowledge in key areas.