gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digit-writing hand gesture recognition by hand-held camera motion analysis (2009)

A camera motion detection and analysis algorithm applicable to hand-held devices, such as mobile phones, has been developed and applied to digit-writing gesture recognition. The writing stroke is recorded from an image sequence taken by a moving camera. The automatic speed adaptation capability developed in the motion detection system has enabled very robust writing stroke detection. As a result, the temporal stroke distortion due to irregular writing speed has been eliminated. Since both the direction and magnitude of motion is detected at each instant, the writing stroke is correctly reconstructed by integrating the results. For this reason, feature vector for each digit character was constructed by connecting feature distribution in each direction. As a result, handwriting gesture recognition is achieved by simple template matching. The system performance has been evaluated by digit-writing gesture recognition with irregular writing speed, different users, or cursive writing. Preliminary experiments on hand-writing Chinese character recognition have also been attempted and the potentiality of the algorithm for more complicated gesture patterns has been tested.
Control of Spatial Orientation of the Angular Vestibuloocular Reflex by the Nodulus and Uvula (1998)

Spatial orientation of the angular vestibuloocular reflex (aVOR) was studied in rhesus monkeys after complete and partial ablation of the nodulus and ventral uvula. Horizontal, vertical, and torsional components of slow phases of nystagmus were analyzed to determine the axes of eye rotation, the time constants (Tcs) of velocity storage, and its orientation vectors. The gravito-inertial acceleration vector (GIA) was tilted relative to the head during optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN), centrifugation, and reorientation of the head during postrotatory nystagmus. When the GIA was tilted relative to the head in normal animals, horizontal Tcs decreased, vertical and/or roll time constants (Tc(vert/roll)) lengthened according to the orientation of the GIA, and vertical and/or roll eye velocity components appeared (cross-coupling). This shifted the axis of eye rotation toward alignment with the tilted GIA. Horizontal and vertical/roll Tcs varied inversely, with T(chor) being longest and T(cvert/roll) shortest when monkeys were upright, and the reverse when stimuli were around the vertical or roll axes. Vertical or roll Tcs were longest when the axes of eye rotation were aligned with the spatial vertical, respectively. After complete nodulo-uvulectomy, T(chor) became longer, and periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN) developed in darkness. T(chor) could not be shortened in any of paradigms tested. In addition, yaw-to-vertical/roll cross-coupling was lost, and the axes of eye rotation remained fixed during nystagmus, regardless of the tilt of the GIA with respect to the head. After central portions of the nodulus and uvula were ablated, leaving lateral portions of the nodulus intact, yaw-to-vertical/roll cross-coupling and control of Tc(vert/roll) was lost or greatly reduced. However, control of Tchor was maintained, and T(chor) continued to vary as a function of the tilted GIA. Despite this, the eye velocity vector remained aligned with the head during yaw axis stimulation after partial nodulo-uvulectomy, regardless of GIA orientation to the head. The data were related to a three-dimensional model of the aVOR, which simulated the experimental results. The model provides a basis for understanding how the nodulus and uvula control processing within the vestibular nuclei responsible for spatial orientation of the aVOR. We conclude that the three-dimensional dynamics of the velocity storage system are determined in the nodulus and ventral uvula. We propose that the horizontal and vertical/roll Tcs are separately controlled in the nodulus and uvula with the dynamic characteristics of vertical/roll components modulated in central portions and the horizontal components laterally, presumably in a semicircular canal-based coordinate frame.
Explant pathology study of decellularized carotid artery vascular grafts (2004)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphologic findings in small-diameter freeze-dried decellularized carotid artery grafts implanted in goats as carotid artery interposition grafts for 6-7 months. Unimplanted decellularized carotid artery grafts did not contain intact cells; however, remnants of smooth muscle cells were present in the media. The extracellular matrix was well preserved. All decellularized grafts were patent at explant, without significant dimensional changes or aneurysm formation. Their luminal surfaces were lined by a thin neointima, consisting of myofibroblasts, collagen, and a discontinuous layer of endothelial cells. Histologic evidence of calcification within the explants was not observed; however, electron microscopy showed calcification of minute remnants of cell membranes. Inflammatory cells were not present in the graft wall. Host cell migration was greatest in the adventitia along the length of the graft. Migration of host cells into the media was more apparent close to the anastomoses, forming cellular nests rich in extracellular proteoglycans, whereas cell migration into areas subjacent to the lumen was minimal. Ingrowth of host blood vessels was not observed. These results demonstrate satisfactory structural and morphologic features of a decellularized carotid artery small-diameter graft implanted for up to 7 months.
The Call Center Handbook (2003)

Need to know how to buy a phone switch for your call center? How to measure the productivity of agents? How to choose from two cities that both want your center? No problem. The Call Center Handbook is a complete guide to starting, running, and im
Iron based photoanodes for solar fuel production (2014)

In natural photosynthesis, the water splitting reaction of photosystem II is the source of the electrons/reducing equivalents for the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate while oxygen is formed as the by-product. Similarly, for artificial photosynthesis where the end product is a solar fuel such as hydrogen, a water splitting-oxygen evolving system is required to supply high energy electrons to drive the reductive reactions. Very attractive candidates for this purpose are iron based semiconductors which have band gaps corresponding to visible light and valence band energies sufficient to oxidise water. The most studied system is hematite (Fe2O3) which is highly abundant with many attributes for incorporation into photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells. We review the recent progress in manipulating hematite for this purpose through nanostructuring, doping and surface modifications. We also consider several hybrid iron-based semiconducting systems like ferrites and iron titanates as alternatives to hematite for light driven water splitting emphasizing their advantages with respect to their band levels and charge transport properties.
Current issues in handheld augmented reality (2012)

Equipped with powerful processors, cameras for capturing still images and video, and a range of sensors capable of tracking location, orientation and motion of the user, modern smartphones offer a sophisticated platform for implementing handheld augmented reality (AR) applications. Despite the advances in research and development, implementing AR applications for the smartphone platform remains a challenge due to many open problems related to navigation, contextawareness, visualization, usability and interaction design, as well as content creation and sharing. This paper surveys a number of open challenges and issues, trade-offs and possible solutions in implementing handheld AR applications.
The vortex tube as a classic thermodynamic refrigeration cycle (2000)

Vortex tubes are commonly used as refrigeration devices. We show that the thermal and fluid dynamics of the vortex tube bear the signature of a classic cooling cycle, and quantify its performance as a thermodynamic machine. In the process, we develop simple analytic formulas for the temperature and pressure profiles within the tube. The principal model predictions compare favorably against experimental measurements.
White light emitting diodes realized by using an active packaging method with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots dispersed in photosensitive epoxy resins (2008)

White light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been realized using the active packaging (AP) method. The starting materials were bare InGaN LED chips and CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) dispersed in photosensitive epoxy resins. Such hybrid LED devices were fabricated using QD mixtures with one ('single'), two ('dual') or four ('multi') emission wavelengths. The AP method allows for convenient adjustment of multiple parameters such as the CIE-1931 coordinate (x, y), color temperature, and color rending index (CRI). All samples show good white balance, and under a 20 mA working current the luminous efficacies of the single, dual, and multi hybrid devices were 8.1 lm W(-1), 5.1 lm W(-1), and 6.4 lm W(-1), respectively. The corresponding quantum efficiencies were 4.1%, 3.1%, and 3.1%; the CRIs were 21.46, 43.76, and 66.20; and the color temperatures were 12 000, 8190, and 7740 K. This shows that the CRI of the samples can be enhanced by broadening the QD emission band, as is exemplified by the 21.46 CRI of the single hybrid LED compared to the 66.20 value for the multi hybrid LED. In addition, we were able to increase the CRI of the single hybrid LED from 15.31 to 32.50 by increasing the working currents from 1 to 50 mA.
Low complexity soft-decision demapper for high order modulation of DVB-S2 system (2008)

This paper presents an efficient soft-decision demapper interface and a low complexity demapper for high-order modulation scheme. The proposed soft-decision demapper interface can operate at a symbol rate and replace the parallel to serial converter by locating between the M-PSK demodulator and the soft-decision demapper. In addition, the proposed soft-decision demapper can reduce the hardware complexity by reusing the multipliers. Moreover, the proposed demapper can support high-order modulation modes. The proposed architectures have been thoroughly verified using a FPGA board having the the Xilinxtrade Virtex II.
Structural similarity between Fc receptors and T cell receptors. Expression of the gamma-subunit of Fc epsilon RI in human T cells, natural killer cells and thymocytes (1991)

Abstract The TCR complex is composed of a clonotypic heterodimer (Ti alpha:beta or gamma:delta) noncovalently associated with the CD3 complex (gamma, delta, and epsilon), and with one or more disulfide-linked dimers whose components are designated zeta and eta. zeta and eta are alternative transcripts of a common gene and are structurally related to the gamma-subunit of the FcR for IgE expressed on mast cells and basophils (Fc epsilon RI). Recent evidence suggests that gamma can also be expressed in natural killer cells and in a murine cytotoxic T cell line, CTLL. Because zeta, eta, and gamma have the potential to join together to form disulfide linked homo- and heterodimers, it has been postulated that alternative dimeric forms composed of these zeta-related subunits might subserve unique signal transducing functions in hematopoietic cells. We have used mAb reactive with zeta and gamma to systematically examine the expression of these zeta-related dimers in human T cells, NK cells, and thymocytes. Our results show that each cell type expresses characteristic combinations of zeta-related homo- and hetero-dimers, and are therefore consistent with the possibility that these subunits contribute to the functional heterogeneity of lymphocyte subsets.
Immutable Objects in Java (2006)

Immutability is a very useful and desirable property for objects. This paper investigates different possible notions of immutability for Java objects, to find out which notion is the most intuitive and useful, both when it comes to ways of enforcing immutability of objects, and when it comes to exploiting information about (im)mutability of objects in program verification and in various static analyses. Our ultimate aim is to agree on a semantics for an
Disruption of the Aspergillus fumigatus ECM33 homologue results in rapid conidial germination, antifungal resistance and hypervirulence (2006)

The ECM33/SPS2 family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins plays an important role in maintaining fungal cell wall integrity and virulence. However, the precise molecular role of these proteins is unknown. In this work, AfuEcm33, the gene encoding the ECM33 homologue in the important pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, has been cloned and its function analysed. It is shown that disruption of AfuEcm33 results in rapid conidial germination, increased cell-cell adhesion, resistance to the antifungal agent caspofungin and increased virulence in an immunocompromised mouse model for disseminated aspergillosis. These results suggest that the protein encoded by AfuEcm33 is involved in key aspects of cell wall morphogenesis and plays an important role in A. fumigatus virulence.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl O‐Carbamates With <scp>G</scp> rignard Reagents: 2,7‐Dimethylnaphthalene (2003)

Abstract 2, 7‐Dimethylnaphthalene R 2, 7‐Dihydroxynaphthalene I 2, 7‐Bis (diethylcarbamoyloxy) maphthalene P 2, 7‐Dimethylnaphthalene
Enterocyte Actin Autoantibody Detection: A New Diagnostic Tool in Celiac Disease Diagnosis: Results of a Multicenter Study (2004)

OBJECTIVES This study describes a new method to detect autoantibodies against actin filaments (AAA) as a serological marker of intestinal villous atrophy (IVA) in celiac disease (CD), and reports the results of an Italian double-blind multicenter study. METHODS IgA-AAA were analyzed by immunofluorescence using a newly developed method based on intestinal epithelial cells cultured in presence of colchicine. IgA-AAA were blindly evaluated prospectively in 223 antiendomysial antibody (AEA) and/or antitransglutaminase antibody (TGA) positive subjects and in 78 AEA and TGA negative subjects. IgA-AAA positive patients underwent an intestinal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Moreover, IgA-AAA were retrospectively investigated in 84 biopsy-proven CD patients and in 2,000 new consecutively collected serum samples from AEA and TGA negative nonbiopsied subjects. RESULTS IgA-AAA were positive in 98.2% of the CD patients with flat mucosa, in 89% with subtotal villous atrophy, and in 30% with partial villous atrophy. IgA-AAA were present in none of the AEA and TGA negative nonbiopsied controls. In AEA and/or TGA positive CD patients IgA-AAA positivity significantly correlated with IVA (p < 0.000 in the prospective study, p= 0.005 in the retrospective study). In the prospective study, the values of sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value, and the efficiency of the IgA-AAA test to identify patients with IVA were, respectively, 83.9%, 95.1%, 97.8%, 69.2%, and 87.0%. Furthermore, a significant correlation (p < 0.0001) was found between the IgA-AAA serum titre and the degree of IVA (rs 0.56). CONCLUSIONS The results of this multicenter study show that the new method for IgA-AAA detection could represent a practical diagnostic tool in AEA and/or TGA positive subjects, which would be especially useful when IVA shows a patchy distribution, when the histological picture is difficult to interpret, or when a biopsy could represent a life-threatening risk.
Effects of deterministic jitter in a cable on jitter tolerance measurements (2004)

This paper presents a new jitter tolerance model that includes the effect of deterministic jitter in interconnects. First, it is shown by experiment that the deterministic jitter in a cable can significantly affect its jitter tolerance. Then, the new jitter tolerance model is verified with experimental data on cables of various lengths, using both PRBS and T11 test patterns.
Direct measurement of mean and pulsatile blood pressure at operation in human intracranial saccular aneurysms (1972)

✓ Mean and pulsatile intra-aneurysmal blood pressures were recorded from four cases of human intracranial saccular aneurysms at the time of operative exposure. In each case the mean intra-aneurysmal pressure equalled the mean systemic arterial pressure, and the intra-aneurysmal pressure was pulsatile. The results demonstrate that, contrary to the findings of another report, intracranial aneurysms are subjected to the full force of systemic blood pressure.
Über Carbodiimide, III. Die Reaktion von Carbodiimiden mit Säurehalogeniden (1966)

Abstract Carbonsäurehalogenide bilden mit primären aliphatischen Carbodiimiden isolierbare Acylchlorformamidine; diejenigen aus sekundären Carbodiimiden sind nur in Lösung beständig; mit tertiären aliphatischen Carbodiimiden beobachtet man Spaltungsreaktionen. Aromatische Carbodiimide addieren Carbonsäurehalogenide wahrscheinlich in einer Gleichgewichtsreaktion. Anorganische Säurehalogenide geben mit Carbodiimiden analoge Additionsprodukte.
Profiles of Urine Samples Taken from Ecstasy Users at Rave Parties: Analysis by Immunoassays, HPLC, and GC-MS (2001)

The abuse of the designer amphetamines such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) is increasing throughout the world. They have become popular drugs, especially at all-night techno dance parties (Raves), and their detection is becoming an important issue. Presently, there are no MDMA- or MDA-specific immunoassays on the market, and detection of the designer amphetamines is dependent upon the use of commercially available amphetamine assays. The success of this approach has been difficult to assess because of the general unavailability of significant numbers of samples from known drug users. The objectives of the present study are to characterize the drug content of urine samples from admitted Ecstasy users by chromatographic methods and to assess the ability of the available amphetamine/methamphetamine immunoassays to detect methylenedioxyamphetamines. We found that, when analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD), 64% of 70 urine samples (by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [GC-MS]: 88% of 64 urine samples) obtained from Rave attendees contained MDMA and/or 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) alone or in combination with amphetamine, methamphetamine, or other designer amphetamines such as 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA). This suggests that the majority of the Ravers are multidrug users. At the manufacturer's suggested cutoffs, the Abbott TDx Amphetamine/Methamphetamine II and the new Roche HS Amphetamine/MDMA assays demonstrated greater detection sensitivity for MDMA than the other amphetamine immunoassays tested (Abuscreen OnLine Hitachi AMPS, Abuscreen OnLine Integra AMPS, Abuscreen OnLine Integra AMPSX, CEDIA AMPS, and EMIT II AMPS). There is 100% agreement between each of the two immunoassays with the reference chromatographic methods, HPLC-DAD and GC-MS, for the detection of methylenedioxyamphetamines.
Effects on Processing by Drop-In Modifiers in Nano-Composite Polymers (2002)

Abstract : One of the greatest barriers in transitioning new or altered polymers to commercial application is the cost of new equipment for processing or the cost of developing parameters for the new material. One solution is developing drop-in modifiers that alter the properties of presently used materials without altering the processing parameters or requiring exotic equipment. Over the last decade the Air Force Research Laboratory has studied how the Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) can be incorporated as blendables in industrial polymers like polypropylene to improve properties without sacrificing the ease of processing. This talk will detail the processing method (drying, blending, extruding and molding) of Octamethyl POSSI polypropylene nanocomposites. The degree of compatibility was established with visual methods.
Considerations Regarding the Technique for Transseptal Left Heart Catheterization (1966)

Improvements in the equipment and technique for transseptal left heart catheterization appear to have largely overcome the major problems and complications that have been encountered in recent years with this procedure. Improvements in equipment have included the addition of a stylet for the needle, modifications in the design of the catheter, and the use of a catheter tip occluder both for manipulation of the catheter within the left heart and to close the end hole during selective angiography. The steps employed for insertion of the catheter and needle were described in detail, and the use of landmarks such as the left main-stem bronchus, the spine, the left atrial shadow, and the aortic bulge was discussed. The indications for, and relative contraindications to, transseptal catheterization currently applied in this laboratory were also described. The relative contraindications consist of (1) a giant right atrium, (2) severe rotational anomalies of the heart or great vessels, and kyphoscoliosis; (3) marked dilation of the ascending aorta; (4) anticoagulant therapy, and (5) a history of recent systemic arterial embolization. Since the introduction of these technical changes and precautions, with the exception of one nonfatal aortic puncture, the problems previously encountered during transseptal catheterizations have been avoided in more than 350 consecutive transseptal left heart studies in this laboratory.
Tumor volumetry: proposal of a new concept to predict lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer. (2001)

Based on the present results, tumor volumetry appears to represent a novel method of predicting the likelihood of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.
A 3D-Based Pose Invariant Face Recognition at a Distance Framework (2014)

Face recognition in the wild can be defined as recognizing individuals unabated by pose, illumination, expression, and uncertainties from the image acquisition. In this paper, we propose a framework recognizing human faces under such uncertainties by focusing on the pose problem while considering the other factors together. The proposed work introduces an automatic front-end stereo-based system, which starts with image acquisition and ends by face recognition. Once an individual is detected by one of the stereo cameras, its facial features are identified using a facial features extraction model. These features are used to steer the second camera to see the same subject. Then, a stereo pair is captured and 3D face is reconstructed. The proposed stereo matching approach carefully handles illumination variance, occlusion, and disparity discontinuity. The reconstructed 3D shape is used to synthesize virtual 2D views in novel poses. All these steps are done off-line in an Enrollment stage. To recognize a face from a 2D image, which is captured under unknown environmental conditions, another fast on-line stage starts by facial features detection. Then, a facial signature is extracted from patches around these facial features. Finally, this probe image is matched against the closest synthesized images. Experiments are conducted on different public databases from where we investigate the effect of each component of the proposed framework on the recognition performance. The results confirm that without training and with automatic features extraction, our proposed face recognition at a distance approach outperforms most of the state-of-the-art approaches.