gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of macromonomers by copolymerization of methyl acrylate dimer involving β fragmentation (2003)

Abstract The unsaturated dimer of methyl acrylate [CH 2 C(CO 2 CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 CH 3 , or MAD] was copolymerized with various monomers to prepare copolymers bearing the ω‐unsaturated end group [CH 2 C(CO 2 CH 3 )CH 2 ] arising from β fragmentation of the MAD propagating radical. Copolymerizations of MAD with cyclohexyl and n ‐butyl acrylate resulted in copolymers with ω‐unsaturated end groups, and increasing the temperature up to 180 °C resulted in an increase in the rate of β fragmentation of MAD radicals relative to propagation. Only a small amount of unsaturated end groups was introduced by copolymerization with ethyl methacrylate (EMA), and the EMA content in the copolymer increased with temperature. These findings could be explained by the reversible addition of the poly(EMA) radical to MAD. The copolymerization with ethyl α‐ethyl acrylate (EEA) did yield a copolymer containing unsaturated end groups with MAD units as part of the main chain, although the steric hindrance of the ethyl group suppressed homopropagation and crosspropagation of EEA, resulting in low polymerization rates. Therefore, the copolymerization of MAD with acrylic esters at high temperatures was noted as a convenient route for obtaining acrylate–MAD copolymers bearing unsaturated end groups at the ω end (macromonomer). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 597–607, 2004
COQ6 mutations in human patients produce nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness (2011)

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a frequent cause of end-stage renal failure. Identification of single-gene causes of SRNS has generated some insights into its pathogenesis; however, additional genes and disease mechanisms remain obscure, and SRNS continues to be treatment refractory. Here we have identified 6 different mutations in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis monooxygenase 6 (COQ6) in 13 individuals from 7 families by homozygosity mapping. Each mutation was linked to early-onset SRNS with sensorineural deafness. The deleterious effects of these human COQ6 mutations were validated by their lack of complementation in coq6-deficient yeast. Furthermore, knockdown of Coq6 in podocyte cell lines and coq6 in zebrafish embryos caused apoptosis that was partially reversed by coenzyme Q10 treatment. In rats, COQ6 was located within cell processes and the Golgi apparatus of renal glomerular podocytes and in stria vascularis cells of the inner ear, consistent with an oto-renal disease phenotype. These data suggest that coenzyme Q10-related forms of SRNS and hearing loss can be molecularly identified and potentially treated.
Catalytic Generation of α-CF<sub>3</sub> Enolate: Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich-Type Reaction of α-CF<sub>3</sub> Amide (2014)

The introduction of the CF3 unit is a common strategy for modifying pharmacokinetic properties and slowing metabolic degradation in medicinal chemistry. A catalytic and enantioselective addition of α-CF3 enolates allows for expeditious access to functionalized chiral building blocks with CF3-containing stereogenicity. To date, α-CF3 enolates have been a less explored class of nucleophiles because of rapid defluorination. The present study reveals that a designed α-CF3 amide enables a direct asymmetric Mannich-type reaction in a cooperative catalytic system.
Integrated nutrient management : smallholders generally lack adequate nutrients for their crops (1999)

Nutrients are essential for plant growth, but on smallholders' farms, an inadequate supply is a key impediment to sustainable food production. Integrated nutrient management (INM) utilizes available organic and inorganic nutrients to build ecologically sound and economically viable farming systems. This Note describes interventions that may be applied to a range of agroecological zones, cropping systems, soil types. The interventions address a few key aspects of nutrient management, including improving organic matter in the soil, increasing plant-available nitrogen, and supplying both organic and inorganic fertilizers. These interventions have the potential to increase and sustain production levels, increase the economic potential of a production system, and counteract and minimize environmental pollution.
Återanvänd miljonprogrammet : Individuella lösningar för alla (2006)

En fjardedel av Sveriges bostadsbestand byggdes med stark samlad vilja under perioden 1965-1974 och kallas darefter miljonprogrammet. Dessa folkhemmets bostader star nu infor en omfattande upprustn ...
<title>Astronomical uses of integral field spectrography: present applications at CFHT and future developments</title> (1994)

Since the digital detectors (like CCDs) presently available for astronomical instruments have two dimensions only, there is an obvious problem for obtaining detailed spectroscopic information on extended astronomical objects (e.g. active galaxies, regions of star formation, globular clusters, etc.); the classical long- slit spectrographic techniques are grossly inadequate. Several so-called integral field spectrographs (IFS) have been used at the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope during the past years to improve this situation. They typically provide hundreds of spectra in a small (approximately 10' by 10') field with a subarcsecond spatial resolution capability and hundreds of spectral elements, both simultaneously accessed. We describe these various instruments and their present performances, review a few illustrative results obtained with CFH telescope and discuss the expected developments: use of IFS in combination with adaptive optics systems for the study of individual objects at spatial resolution near the 0.1' level, as well as their potential capabilities on Very Large Telescopes, with or without adaptive optics.
Interpretation of myoelectric power spectra: A model and its applications (1977)

Some essential elements of a mathematical model describing the power spectrum of myoelectric signals are presented. The influences of electrode cofiguration and of biological parameters such as muscle-fiber radius, action-potential conduction velocity, spread of synapses over the innervation zone, number of fibers per motor unit, and electrode-to-muscle distance are expressed in terms of filter functions modifying the shape of the power spectrum of the generator signal. Signal processing for parameter identification is described and results are listed. A few applications are discussed.
Physical proximity and functional interplay of PECAM-1 with the Fc receptor FcγRIIa on the platelet plasma membrane (2003)

We and others have recently defined that Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) functions as a negative regulator of platelet-collagen interactions involving the glycoprotein VI/Fc receptor gamma chain (GPVI/FcR-gamma chain) signaling pathway.1,2 In this study, we hypothesized that PECAM-1 may be physically and functionally associated with Fc gamma RIIa on the platelet membrane. The functional relationship between PECAM-1 and Fc gamma RIIa was assessed by determining the effect of anti-PECAM-1 monoclonal antibody Fab fragments on Fc gamma RIIa-mediated platelet aggregation and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HITS)-mediated platelet aggregation. Preincubation of washed platelets with monoclonal antibody fragments of 2BD4 directed against PECAM-1 and IV.3 directed against Fc gamma RIIa completely blocked Fc gamma RIIa-mediated platelet aggregation and HITS-mediated platelet aggregation, whereas anti-CD151 antibody had no blocking effect. Coengagement of Fc gamma RIIa and PECAM-1 resulted in negative regulation of Fc gamma RIIa-mediated phospholipase C gamma 2 activation, calcium mobilization, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signaling pathways. In addition, the physical proximity of Fc gamma RIIa and PECAM-1 was confirmed by using fluorescence resonance energy transfer and coimmunoprecipitation studies. These results indicate that PECAM-1 and Fc gamma RIIa are colocalized on the platelet membrane and PECAM-1 down-regulates Fc gamma RIIa-mediated platelet responses.
Beginning Python (2005)

Gain a fundamental understanding of Pythons syntax and features with the second edition of Beginning Python, an uptodate introduction and practical reference. Covering a wide array of Pythonrelated programming topics, including addressing language internals, database integration, network programming, and web services, youll be guided by sound development principles. Ten accompanying projects will ensure you can get your hands dirty in no time. Updated to reflect the latest in Python programming paradigms and several of the most crucial features found in the forthcoming Python 3.0 (otherwise known as Python 3000), advanced topics, such as extending Python and packaging/distributing Python applications, are also covered. What youll learn Become a proficient Python programmer by following along with a friendly, practical guide to the languages key features. Write code faster by learning how to take advantage of advanced features such as magic methods, exceptions, and abstraction. Gain insight into modern Python programming paradigms including testing, documentation, packaging, and distribution. Learn by following along with ten interesting projects, including a P2P filesharing application, chat client, video game, remote text editor, and more. Complete, downloadable code is provided for each project! Who is this book for? Programmers, novice and otherwise, seeking a comprehensive introduction to the Python programming language. About the Apress Beginning Series The Beginning series from Apress is the right choice to get the information you need to land that crucial entrylevel job. These books will teach you a standard and important technology from the ground up because they are explicitly designed to take you from novice to professional. Youll start your journey by seeing what you need to knowbut without needless theory and filler. Youll build your skill set by learning how to put together realworld projects step by step. So whether your goal is your next career challenge or a new learning opportunity, the Beginning series from Apress will take you thereit is your trusted guide through unfamiliar territory!
Histopathologic Changes and SARS-CoV-2 Immunostaining in the Lung of a Patient With COVID-19 (2020)

Histopathologic Changes
Enabling the Rapid Development and Adoption of Speech-User Interfaces (2014)

Speech-user interfaces offer truly hands-free, eyes-free interaction, have unmatched throughput rates, and are the only plausible interaction modality for illiterate users across the world, but they are not yet developed in abundance to support every type of user, language, or acoustic scenario. Two approaches present exciting opportunities for future research.
An economic-demographic model of the United States labor market. (1982)

An econometric model that has been developed to investigate the effects of demographic change on the US economy is described. The specific demographic features examined are the sizes of age sex groups in the US working age population. The size of these groups from now through the end of the 20th century will be determined primarily by past and current levels of fertility so they can be forecast with some degree of confidence. The model expands both the domain and accuracy of longterm economic forecasting by making use of the considerable quantity of demographic information that can be forecast, at least through this century, with a fairly great degree of confidence. In addition to economic forecasting, this study of the impact of demographic changes on the US labor market contributes to the investigation of the interrelationships among economic and demographic changes. The task of the model is as follows: given an exogenous projection of fertility and mortality rates and net immigration and given exogenous forecasts of variables such as rates of technical change, government demand for goods and services, and tax rates, the model forecasts variables characterizing the labor market and the macroeconomy. The model uses the fundamental principles of supply and demand, the economic theory of production, and the theory of household allocation of time and income to draw the implications of changes in demographic variables for the labor market and the economy. The crux of the model is a set of relationships depicting the behavior of the US labor market. In the labor market submodel, the input of labor of each of 16 age sex groups and its piece in each period is determined by the interaction of supply and demand. The 16 demographic groups are males and females, respectively, of ages 14-15, 16-17, 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65 and over. Equations depicting the supply of and demand for labor of various demographic groups are estimated and provide the behavioral relationships of the labor market submodel. The following description of the model is in 3 parts: the demand for labor; the labor supply equations; and the intergration of the 2 and the complete growth model. Some illustrative forecasts are included. In all 3 forecasts, the proportion of the labor force accounted for by workers in the middle age groups, 25-54, increases, reaching the highest levels in the post World War 2 period in the 1990-2000 decade. The proportion accounted for by males in that age group does not rise notably and remains lower than it was in the 1950s and 1960s. The proportion accounted for by women age 25-54 rises markedly. This trend is possible the most salient feature of the forecasts.
MEZZI DI PROTEZIONE PER L'ORTOFLOROFRUTTICOLTURA E IL VIVAISMO (1999)

Vengono trattati i mezzi per la difesa, semiforzatura e forzatura considerando struttura e materiali di copertura. Inoltre si esamina l'azione degli elementi climatici sulle piante, le modificazioni climatiche prodotte dalla serra ed i sistemi di climatizzazione della serra stessa.
Design of a graphical user interface for focussed retrieval of structured documents (2005)

Many document collections contain documents that have signiJicant structure. Structured document retrieval requires diferent models and interfaces from standard information Retrieval. An Information Retrieval system dealing with structured documents has to enable a user to query, browse retrieved documents, and provide query refinement and relevance feedback based not only on full documents but also on specific parts of them, according to their structure. Currently, very few IR systems enable such level of flexibility and interaction, because of limitations in indexing and retrieval models and in interfaces. In this papec we present the design of a new graphical user interface for structured document retrieval. This interface provides the user with an intuitive and yet powerful set of tools for structured document searching, retrieved list navigation, and search refinement.
Impact of Cu microstructure on electromigration reliability (2007)

The effect of Cu microstructure on electromigration (EM) has been investigated. A variation in the Cu grain size distributions between wafers was achieved by adjusting the wafer annealing process step after Cu electroplating and before Cu chemical mechanical polishing. Void growth morphology was observed by in-situ and ex-situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The Cu lifetime and mass flow in samples with bamboo, near bamboo, bamboo-polycrystalline mixture, and polycrystalline grain structures were measured. The introduction of polycrystalline Cu line grain structure in fine lines for the 65 nm node technology and beyond markedly reduced the Cu EM reliability. The smaller Cu grain size distribution resulted in a shorter EM lifetime and a faster mass flow. The EM activation energies for Cu along Cu/amorphous a-SiC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</sub> interface and grain boundary were found to be 0.95 and 0.79 eV, respectively.
Inhibition of energy metabolism in Ehrlich ascites cells treated with dactylarin in vitro. (1979)

Abstract The effect of the new antibiotic dactylarin as a potential anticancer agent on energy-yielding and energy-requiring processes in Ehrlich ascites cells has been investigated. At concentrations higher than 10 µg/ml, the antibiotic causes a rapid and practically full inhibition of both aerobic glucose utilization and lactate formation. At lower concentrations (6.25 µg/ml), dactylarin causes a progressive inhibition of glycolysis; after 90 min, glycolysis is completely stopped. At concentrations as low as 3 µg/ml, however, glycolysis is stimulated. This stimulation of glycolysis, according to our previous results, suggests that the possible mode of action of this antibiotic is the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Dactylarin (Substance 66A1) and dactylarin-like antibiotics (Substances 66A2 or 66A3) stimulated endogenous respiration of these cells. The stimulation of respiration over 100% was attained by concentrations higher than 40 µg/ml. On the other hand, these antibiotics were able to release oligomycin-inhibited respiration of the cells studied. Dactylarin and its derivatives, however, have shown little effect on oxygen uptake by pigeon heart and rat liver mitochondria in State 4 or in State 3 respiration, respectively. Proportionally to the increasing concentrations and in a time-dependent manner, dactylarin inhibits the synthesis of macromolecules in whole cells of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma measured by the incorporation of labeled amino acid, adenine, and thymidine into acid-insoluble material. The incorporation of uracil into the appropriate trichloroacetic acid-insoluble fraction was unaffected. We conclude that dactylarin interferes primarily with energy-yielding processes. Secondary consequences of this interference were both the inhibition of some biosynthetic processes (mainly DNA and protein) and the loss of transplantability of Ehrlich ascites cells.
A Whole-Genome Assembly of <i>Drosophila</i> (2000)

We report on the quality of a whole-genome assembly of Drosophila melanogaster and the nature of the computer algorithms that accomplished it. Three independent external data sources essentially agree with and support the assembly's sequence and ordering of contigs across the euchromatic portion of the genome. In addition, there are isolated contigs that we believe represent nonrepetitive pockets within the heterochromatin of the centromeres. Comparison with a previously sequenced 2.9- megabase region indicates that sequencing accuracy within nonrepetitive segments is greater than 99. 99% without manual curation. As such, this initial reconstruction of the Drosophila sequence should be of substantial value to the scientific community.
Fast ray-tracing for field strength prediction in cellular mobile network planning (2002)

In this paper we present a fast ray-tracing technique with scalable approximation accuracy for field strength prediction in cellular mobile network planning. Automatic network design methods, like the adaptive base station positioning algorithm (ABPA), perform a huge number of field strength estimations and require therefore a fast and accurate approximation. However, common prediction techniques either give only rough estimations or are too complex for fast evaluation. The proposed new ray-tracing technique obtains its speed-up by taking advantage of the topological information inherent in the used triangulation data structure of the investigated terrain. By that, it is possible to apply simple mathematics and algorithms to trace individual rays. The applicability of the fast ray-tracing technique is demonstrated for both a single transmitter scenario and in conjunction with ABPA.
Prediction of early death among patients enrolled in phase I trials: development and validation of a new model based on platelet count and albumin (2012)

The CHAID model and RMS provided a similarly high level of NPV, but the CHAID model gave a better accuracy in the validation set. Both CHAID model and RMS may improve the screening process in phase I trials.
Effects of storage time and freezing on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase released from rat hearts (2006)

Release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is one of the most widely used markers of tissue damage. A review of the literature indicates that after collection of coronary effluents from hearts, a variety of storage conditions have been utilized prior to the measurement of LDH activity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether selected storage conditions reported in the literature affect the activity of LDH. Isolated rat hearts perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by normoxic reperfusion to generate tissue damage and elevate LDH release. Coronary effluents were collected in test tubes before ischemia and at several time points throughout 30 min of reperfusion. Each effluent sample was collected for 30 sec and aliquots stored at +4°C, −20°C, and −80°C. LDH activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm by monitoring the rate of NADH oxidation. Activity in +4°C aliquots was similar when measured 3 hrs and 24 hrs after collection (P>0.05). Freezing at either temperature for 3 or 24 hrs, dramatically decreased activity by more than 50% compared to +4°C aliquots (P<0.05). Our data indicates that short-term storage in Krebs-Henseleit buffer for 24 hrs at +4°C does not affect LDH activity. However, freeze and subsequent thaw of the samples results in dramatic loss of activity and should be avoided. Supported by the American Heart Association, Texas Affiliate.
Generalized spreadsheet for CACSD (2002)

This paper presents an approach for a computer aided control system design (CACSD) software that is based on an extension of the spread-sheet metaphor. The spreadsheet are extended in two ways: the contents of the cells are abstract objects that can be manipulated directly, and the relations between the objects are bidirectional. Prototype implementations have been made in Matlab. The idea is illustrated by several small tools that illuminate various aspects of control system design.
Learning noisy perceptrons by a perceptron in polynomial time (2002)

Learning perceptrons (linear threshold functions) from labeled examples is an important problem in machine learning. We consider the problem where labels are subjected to random classification noise. The problem was known to be PAC learnable via a hypothesis that consists of a polynomial number of linear thresholds (due to A. Blum, A. Frieze, R. Kannan, and S. Vempala (1996)). The question of whether a hypothesis that is itself a perceptron (a single threshold function) can be found in polynomial time was open. We show that indeed, noisy perceptrons are PAC learnable with a hypothesis that is a perceptron.
Optimizing Latex Paint Rheology with Associative Thickeners (1989)

This chapter reviews the rheological properties of one-component thickener systems and presents a practical approach to blending different thickener types to optimize the rheological profiles of latex paints. Blend ratios are used to compare thickeners of different efficiencies and rheological properties for their overall contributions to paint viscosity in different shear-rate ranges. Paint rheology was modified by changing the blend ratio to adjust high-shear (104 s-1) viscosity, changing thickener molecular weight to fine-tune low-shear (sag and level) viscosity, and in some instances, by using a third thickener to prevent clear-liquid separation. The entire process was carried out at constant mid-shear (Stormer) viscosity.