gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roscovitine, a novel cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor, characterizes restriction point and G2/M transition in tobacco BY‐2 cell suspension (1997)

Although the developmental programs of plants and animals differ, key regulatory components of their cell cycle have been conserved. Particular attention has been paid to the role of the complexes between highly conserved cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinases in regulating progression through the cell cycle. The recent demonstration that roscovitine is a potent and selective inhibitor of the animal cyclin-dependent kinases cdc2 (CDK1), CDK2 and CDK5 prompted an investigation into its effects on progression through the plant cell cycle. Roscovitine induced arrests both in late G1 and late G2 phase in BY-2 tobacco cell suspensions. Both block were fully reversible when roscovitine was used at concentrations similar to those used in the animal system. Stationary-phase cells subcultured in the presence of roscovitine were arrested at a 2C DNA content. This arrest was more efficient without exogenous addition of plant growth regulator. Roscovitine induced a block in G1 earlier than that induced by aphidicolin. S-phase synchronized cells treated with roscovitine were arrested at a 4C DNA content at the G2/ M transition. The expression analysis of a mitotic cyclin (NTCYC1) indicated that the roscovitine-induced G2 block probably occurs in late G2. Finally, cells in metaphase were insensitive to roscovitine. The purified CDK/cyclin kinase activities of late G1 and early M arrested cells were inhibited in vitro by roscovitine. The implications of these experimental observations for the requirement for CDK activity during progression through the plant cell cycle are discussed.
Let's Not Put All Our Eggs in One Basket (2015)

A “basket study” testing a drug in patients whose tumor, in any tissue, has a specific mutation is a useful first research step. Next steps could be anatomic-site–specific trials comparing drug–mutation combinations with standard care and registries of off-label use.
Adsorption characteristics of cellulolytic enzymes from the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. strain E2 on microcrystalline cellulose (1996)

Characteristics of the cellulolytic system of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. strain E2 with respect to adsorption onto microcrystalline cellulose were examined. Cellulolytic enzymes were separated by gel filtration chromatography into a high-molecular-mass complex with an apparent mass of approximately 1,200 to 1,400 kDa and proteins of lower molecular weights. Adsorption of cellulolytic enzymes was not only very fast (within 2 min, equilibrium was attained) but also very effective: Avicelase, endoglucanase, and beta-glucosidase activities from the high-molecular-mass complex were almost completely removed by Avicel. Adsorption of these enzyme activities was proportional and appeared to obey the Langmuir isotherm. For Avicelase, endoglucanase, and beta-glucosidase activities, the maximum amounts adsorbed (Amax) and apparent adsorption constants (Kad) were 16.8, 600, and 33.5 IU/g and 284, 6.93 and 126 ml/IU, respectively. The results of this study strongly support the existence of a multiprotein enzyme complex. This complex was found not to be specifically associated with cell wall fragments as judged by chitin determination.
Coordinated route optimization for heavy-duty vehicle platoons (2013)

Heavy-duty vehicles traveling in platoons consume fuel at a reduced rate. In this paper, we attempt to maximize this benefit by introducing local controllers throughout a road network to facilitate platoon formations with minimal information. By knowing a vehicle's position, speed, and destination, the local controller can quickly decide how its speed should be possibly adjusted to platoon with others in the near future. We solve this optimal control and routing problem exactly for small numbers of vehicles, and present a fast heuristic algorithm for real-time use. We then implement such a distributed control system through a large-scale simulation of the German autobahn road network containing thousands of vehicles. The simulation shows fuel savings from 1-9%, with savings exceeding 5% when only a few thousand vehicles participate in the system. We assume no vehicles will travel more than the time required for their shortest paths for the majority of the paper. We conclude the results by analyzing how a relaxation of this assumption can further reduce fuel use.
Antioxidant activity of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> delays homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis in rats (2006)

Elevated plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. In the present study, we have examined whether the oxidative stress due to a low level of vitamin B6 accelerates the development of homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis in rats. First, the effect of homocysteine thiolactone intake (50 mg/kg per d) on vascular integrity, lipid peroxide concentration, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression and biochemical profiles was examined at day 1, day 21 and day 42 (five rats per group). The histochemical staining of the rat aorta showed no change at day 1 and day 21, but the subendothelial space was observed to be enlarged in rat aorta at day 42 with exposure to homocysteine thiolactone. Expression of eNOS was observed in rat aorta at day 42, but not at day 1 and day 21. Serum lipid peroxide concentration and biochemical profiles including glucose cholesterol and triacylglycerol showed no change at any day. Second, the effect of homocysteine thiolactone intake in the presence and absence of vitamin B6 on vascular integrity was examined at day 1 and day 14 (five rats per group). Aortic lesions were observed in vitamin B6-deficient rat aorta at day 14 but not in vitamin B6-supplemented rats. The expression of eNOS was also observed in vitamin B6-deficient rat aorta at day 14. Serum lipid concentrations of the vitamin B6-deficient group significantly increased compared with concentrations of the vitamin B6-supplemented group, though serum concentration of homocysteine did not change between both groups. These results suggest that the oxidative stress caused by a low level of vitamin B6 accelerates the development of homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis in rats.
Pericellular proteolysis by neutrophils in the presence of proteinase inhibitors: effects of substrate opsonization. (1988)

Inflammatory cells are capable of degrading extracellular matrix macromolecules in vivo in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. We and others have hypothesized that such proteolysis is permitted in large part by mechanisms operative in the immediate pericellular environment, especially at zones of contact between inflammatory cells and insoluble matrix components. To further test this hypothesis in vitro, we have used a model system in which viable polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are allowed to contact a surface coated with proteinase-sensitive substrate, and in which PMN interaction with the surface can be modulated. We have evaluated proteolysis of the surface-bound protein in the presence and absence of proteinase inhibitors. Our results were: (a) In the presence (but not in the absence) of proteinase inhibitors, proteolysis was confined to sharply marginated zones subjacent to the cells; (b) opsonization of the surface enhanced spreading of the PMN, (c) opsonization diminished the effectiveness of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-PI) and alpha-2-macroglobulin as inhibitors of proteolysis of surface-bound protein; (d) anti-oxidants did not alter the effectiveness of alpha-1-PI in inhibiting proteolysis of opsonized substrate by PMN; and (e) PMN could restrict entry of alpha-1-PI into zones of contact with opsonized surfaces. We conclude that: (a) In the presence of proteinase inhibitors, PMN can express sharply marginated and exclusively pericellular proteolytic activity; (b) locally high proteinase concentrations and/or exclusion of proteinase inhibitors from pericellular microenvironments may be important mechanisms for pericellular matrix degradation by PMN; and (c) these observations may have general relevance to extracellular matrix remodeling by a variety of inflammatory and other cell types.
Solar photovoltaic systems for residences in the Northeast (1980)

Under sponsorship of the US Department of Energy, MIT Lincoln Laboratory is conducting a program to develop residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The first phase of this activity involves the design, construction and testing of four prototype systems at the Northeast Residential Experiment Station. The systems employ roof-mounted photovoltaic arrays of 500 to 800 square feet which provide solar-generated electricity sufficient to cut in half the electrical demand of an energy-efficient, passive-solar residence. Construction of these systems will be complete by December 1980, and will be followed by a one-year test period.
Information content of<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>splice site sequences varies with intron length (1990)

A database of sequences of 139 introns from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was analyzed using the information measure of Schneider et al. (1986) J. Mol. Biol. 128: 415-431. Statistically significant information is encoded by at least the first 30 nt and last 20 nt of C. elegans introns. Both the quantity and the distribution of information in the 5' splice site sequences differs between the typical short (length less than 75 nt) and rarer long (length greater than 75 nt) introns, with the 5 sites of long introns containing approximately one bit more information. 3' splice site sequences of long and short C. elegans introns differ significantly in the region between -20 and -10 nt.
High-power fourth- and fifth-harmonic generation of a Nd:YAG laser by means of a CsLiB_6O_10 (1996)

High pulse energies of nanosecond-level fourth- and fifth-harmonic (4omega and 5omega) generation of a Nd:YAG laser have been obtained with a CsLiB(6)O(10) (CLBO) nonlinear crystal. 500 mJ of 4omega output with a conversion efficiency of 50% from the second-harmonic input was generated. 5omega output at 213 nm of as high as 230 mJ was obtained by sum-frequency generation of the 266- and 1064-nm beams, corresponding to a 10.4% conversion efficiency of the initial fundamental input energy. The characteristics of the CLBO crystal that permit this effective frequency conversion are discussed.
Interaction of the Double-Strand Break Repair Kinase DNA-PK and Estrogen Receptor-α (2010)

Estrogens are suggested to play a role in the development and progression of proliferative diseases such as breast cancer. Like other steroid hormone receptors, the estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) is a substrate of protein kinases, and phosphorylation has profound effects on its function and activity. Given the importance of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) for DNA repair, cell cycle progression, and survival, we hypothesized that it modulates ERalpha signaling. Here we show that, upon estrogen stimulation, DNA-PK forms a complex with ERalpha in a breast cancer cell line (MELN). DNA-PK phosphorylates ERalpha at Ser-118. Phosphorylation resulted in stabilization of ERalpha protein as inhibition of DNA-PK resulted in its proteasomal degradation. Activation of DNA-PK by double-strand breaks or its inhibition by siRNA technology demonstrated that estrogen-induced ERalpha activation and cell cycle progression is, at least, partially dependent on DNA-PK.
Precoded Spectrally Efficient FDM system (2010)

Spectrally Efficient Frequency Division Multiplexing (SEFDM) system proposes enhanced spectrum utilization in contrast to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing system (OFDM). Spectral efficiency is increased by relaxing the orthogonality condition while maintaining the same transmission rate per individual channel, hence, for the same bandwidth allocation SEFDM offers higher throughput than OFDM. However, the loss of orthogonality necessitates complex algorithms for the recovery of the signal. In this work, we propose a precoding strategy that greatly simplifies the detection of the signal. The strategy facilitates simpler detection for the same bandwidth savings as an equivalent uncoded SEFDM system. The strategy is based on localizing the effects of the lost orthogonality in a portion of the transmitted symbols. Detection of the preserved channels is a simple zero forcing (ZF) estimator and the rest of the symbols can be detected using complex detectors such as the maximum likelihood (ML) detector. Simple architecture of the precoded SEFDM system based on IDFT/DFT blocks for transmission and reception is proposed. Extensive numerical investigations in AWGN channel confirmed favorable bit error rate (BER) performance of the new system with a much reduced complexity.
The Configurations of <i>N</i>-Methyl- and <i>N</i>-<i>t</i>-Butyl-α-methoxycarbonylmethanimine <i>N</i>-Oxides (1983)

Abstract N-Methyl-α-methoxycarbonylmethanimine N-oxide, Z configuration in crystal, was found to exhibit a facile equilibration with its E-isomer in solution. The configuration of N-t-butyl derivative was always Z.
Planar monolithic integrated photoreceiver for 1.3–1.55 μm wavelength applications using GaInAs-GaAs heteroepitaxies (1986)

We report the first fabrication of a monolithic integrated circuit consisting of a Ga0.47In0.53As planar photoconductive detector (suitable for 1.3–1.55 μm wavelength optical communication systems) associated with a GaAs field-effect transistor. The gain, response times, and noise properties of the photoconductive detector and the integrated photoreceiver have been investigated, taking into account particular aspects of the material and integrated circuit structure.
Synthesis of Dibenzofurans via Palladium-Catalyzed Phenol-Directed C–H Activation/C–O Cyclization (2011)

A practical, Pd(0)/Pd(II)-catalyzed reaction was developed for phenol-directed C-H activation/C-O cyclization using air as an oxidant. The turnover-limiting step of the process was found to be C-O reductive elimination instead of C-H activation. This reaction can tolerate a variety of functional groups and is complementary to the previous methods for the synthesis of substituted dibenzofurans.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Adenosine Phosphopeptides as Potential Bisubstrate Inhibitors of Protein Kinases (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-Phase Synthesis of Adenosine Phosphopeptides as Potential Bisubstrate Inhibitors of Protein KinasesDenes Medzihradszky, Susan L. Chen, George L. Kenyon, and Bradford W. GibsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 21, 9413–9419Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00100a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00100a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Purification of natural zeolite-clinoptilolite for medical application: Extraction of lead (2005)

A series of experiments of the leaching of lead and other cations from three samples of natural zeolite-clinoptilolite, (Sample 1-deposit Zlatokop, Vranjska Banja, Serbia and Montenegro; Sample 2-deposit Bala Mare, Romania; Sample 3-Igros near Brus, Serbia and Montenegro) using EDTA was conducted. The results of the experiments showed that the extraction efficiencies from the examined samples were different. If a sufficiently large amount of EDTA was applied, most of the lead was extracted only from Sample 1-deposit Zlatokop. Similar effects were obtained for the leaching of iron. The differences in the extraction efficiencies may be due to the difference of the of lead and iron species present in the zeolite crystals. The effects of EDTA concentration and solid/liquid ratio on the extraction of lead, iron and aluminum were studied.
Leptin regulation of the interleukin-1 system in human endometrial cells (2003)

We have previously shown that (i). leptin and leptin receptor (Ob-R) are expressed in the human endometrium, and (ii). leptin secretion is regulated in blastocyst and endometrial epithelial cell (EEC) co-cultures. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) up-regulates leptin and Ob-R, and both cytokines up-regulate beta3 integrin expression in EEC. In the present investigation we examined the effect of leptin on the expression of the IL-1 system in EEC and endometrial stromal cells (ESC) cultured in a medium containing insulin, leptin or IL-1beta (0-3 nmol/l). Leptin stimulated IL-1 antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-1beta secretion and expression of IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1R tI) in both cell types. IL-1beta and IL-1Ra secretion were down-regulated by IL-1R tI blockade using specific antibodies. Interestingly, leptin partially neutralized this effect. The blockade of Ob-R neutralized the effects of both leptin and IL-1beta on expression of the IL-1beta system and beta3 integrin and on phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3). These results suggest that leptin regulates the IL-1 system and that the blockade of functional Ob-R impairs leptin and IL-1beta functions at the endometrial level. Leptin could be an important molecule for implantation and a molecular mediator for actions of the IL-1 system. The fact that leptin, in the absence of IL-1, can trigger the expression of markers of endometrial receptivity and of the invasive trophoblast phenotype (as does IL-1), suggest that leptin could substitute for these IL-1 functions during the implantation process.
Software Cache Coherence with Memory Scaling (1998)

Software-coherent, distributed shared memory has received conciderable amount of attention as an attractive programming model that leverages inexpensive hardware. DSM systems running on clusters of symmetric multiprocessors provide good performance for a large number of applications and provide an easy path to incremental scalability. Most DSM systems [3, 1, 19] use the main memory of each node in the cluster as a third level cache and they migrate and replicate data in that memory. Since computer memories tend to be much larger than caches DSM systems have largely ignored memory capacity issues, assuming there is always enough space in main memory into which to replicate data. This design decision places a hard limit on the scalability of DSM applications running on clusters. While adding more nodes in the cluster increases the amount of computational power available to the application it has no effect on the amount of shared memory the application can use, thus limiting the sizes of problems that can be tackled with a DSM approach. In early studies we have seen significant performance degradation when an application attempts to access more memory than is available on a single node of the cluster. We have designed a new protocol based on the Cashmere DSM system that attempts to take advantage of all the memory available in a cluster. The key insight behind the protocol is that while a node may access a larger amount of memory than it has locally, at any point in time the working set is likely to be smaller than the amount of local memory. We have therefore augmented the protocol with the capability to evict coherence blocks when memory pressure gets high. Our protocol takes advantage of DSM knowledge in order to minimize the cost of evicting page from a node. In particular we catagorize pages in three categories:
A home video bus system (1988)

The development of a home video bus system, which is one of the bases of the Home Bus System, is discussed. The system has two functions: to retransmit the signal received by an antenna, and to transmit in-house video signals such as signals generated from closed-circuit TV cameras. The system transmits video signals via a head-end unit that converts upstream subband signals to downstream signals in an unused UHF frequency range. The system also adopts a four-way splitter network topology with four outlets in each branch. The compact (210*180*70 mm) head end comprises a single circuit which converts two upstream channels to downstream simultaneously. An application system using this system is briefly described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stereoelectronic Properties of Antimalarial Artemisinin Analogues in Relation to Neurotoxicity (1999)

Quantum chemical calculations on the molecular electronic structure of artemisinin (qinghaosu) and eight of its derivatives have resulted in stereoelectronic discriminators that differentiate between analogues with higher and lower neurotoxicities. Detailed ab initio quantum chemical calculations leading to complete optimization of geometry of each of the molecules were followed by calculation of their stereoelectronic properties using the 3-21G split valence basis sets and comparison of the stereoelectronic properties to in vitro neurotoxicity. The least neurotoxic compounds are more polar with an electric field pointing away from the endoperoxide bond and have a higher positive potential on the van der Waals surface of the all carbon-containing ring C, a more stable peroxide bond to cleavage, a less negative electrostatic potential by the endoperoxide, and a single negative potential region extending beyond the van der Waals surface of the molecule. In general, higher intrinsic lipophilicity is associated with greater neurotoxicity.
Optimal Selective Harmonic Mitigation Technique on Variable DC Link Cascaded H-Bridge Converter to Meet Power Quality Standards (2016)

In this paper, power quality standards such as IEC 61000-3-6, IEC 61000-2-12, EN 50160, and CIGRE WG 36-05 are fulfilled for single- and three-phase medium-voltage applications using selective harmonic mitigation-pulsewidth modulation in a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter. Furthermore, the ER G5/4 power quality standard, which has the strictest grid codes at the medium-voltage level, will also be met in the whole range of the modulation indices. In order to achieve this goal, a symmetrical CHB with variable dc links are employed, while the converter has a low number of switching transitions. In other words, all of the dc link voltages have the same voltage, which is dependent on the modulation index. Finally, in order to validate the effectiveness and the applicability of the proposed method, it is verified by simulations and experiments for a seven-level CHB converter.
Decentralised distributed multiple objective particle swarm optimisation using peer to peer networks (2008)

This paper describes a distributed particle swarm optimisation algorithm (PSO) based on peer-to-peer computer networks. A number of modifications are made to the more traditional synchronous PSO algorithm to allow for fully decentralised, scalable and fault-tolerent operation. The modified algorithm uses staggered propagation of objective-space knowledge between sub-swarms to eliminate the need for a centralised data store. Analytical test functions are used to examine the performance of the proposed algorithm and its variations in comparison with a basic synchronous PSO implementation. The results clearly show the feasibility of decentralised particle swarm optimisation.