gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly scalable wavelet-based video codec for very low bit-rate environment (1998)

We introduce a highly scalable video compression system for very low bit-rate videoconferencing and telephony applications around 10-30 kbits/s. The video codec first performs a motion-compensated three-dimensional (3-D) wavelet (packet) decomposition of a group of video frames, and then encodes the important wavelet coefficients using a new data structure called tri-zerotrees (TRI-ZTR). Together, the proposed video coding framework forms an extension of the original zero tree idea of Shapiro (1992) for still image compression. In addition, we also incorporate a high degree of video scalability into the codec by combining the layered/progressive coding strategy with the concept of embedded resolution block coding. With scalable algorithms, only one original compressed video bit stream is generated. Different subsets of the bit stream can then be selected at the decoder to support a multitude of display specifications such as bit rate, quality level, spatial resolution, frame rate, decoding hardware complexity, and end-to-end coding delay. The proposed video codec also allows precise bit rate control at both the encoder and decoder, and this can be achieved independently of the other video scaling parameters. Such a scheme is very useful for both constant and variable bit rate transmission over mobile communication channels, as well as video distribution over heterogeneous multicast networks. Finally, our simulations demonstrated comparable objective and subjective performance when compared to the ITU-T H.263 video coding standard, while providing both multirate and multiresolution video scalability.
Frequency Stability Measurement of Feedback Stabilized AlGaAs DH Laser (1980)

The frequency of a single longitudinal mode AlGaAs DH laser was stabilized at the resonant frequency of an external Fabry-Perot interferometer by controlling the temperature. The frequency stability was evaluated by using the square root of the Allan variance σ2 and the power spectral density. The following value was obtained: 2.1×10-9≦σ≦9.6×10-9 for 10ms<τ<500 s, where τ represents the integration time. The long-term frequency stability was improved for τ>10 s.
Scanning tunneling microscopy study of conductive ceramics (1988)

The surfaces of composite ceramics of Si3N4 and TiN were studied with the ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The boundaries of the conductive TiN and nonconductive Si3N4 grains were not shown clearly in the STM images and the maps of dI/ds, the variation of the tunneling current due to the modulated tunneling gap, because the entire ceramic surface was covered by an adsorbed conductive layer. Since irradiation by a pulsed YAG laser beam desorbed most of the adlayer, the surface areas of nonconductive grains were recognized as the highly resistive areas in the dI/ds map. After laser irradiation, surface conduction was resumed in several hours with the recovery of the adlayer and the grain boundaries became unrecognizable again in a few tens of hours even in a vacuum of 10−10 Torr.
Synthesis of Pharmacologically Relevant Indoles with Amine Side Chains via Tandem Hydroformylation/Fischer Indole Synthesis (2005)

[reaction: see text] The sequence of hydroformylation and Fischer indole synthesis starting from amino olefins and aryl hydrazines is described. In a convergent manner, the two units bearing pharmacologically relevant substituents are assembled in the final indolization step. This modular and diversity-oriented approach to tryptamines and homotryptamines can be conducted in water and allows synthesis of branched and nonbranched tryptamines as well as tryptamine-based pharmaceuticals such as the 5-HT1D agonist L 775 606.
The theory of phase synchronization of laser sets (1987)

Theoretical results are presented on the mode structure of the radiation from a set of periodically arranged lasers with effective coupling between the elements. The coupling is based on the reproduction of the periodic structure of the field. The possible types of modes, losses, and natural frequencies are determined for infinite and limited sets of lasers arranged in triangular and rectangular arrays. The effect of the dealignment of the mirrors, saturation of the active medium, and random phase spread of the individual channels on the modes and their quality is studied. 17 references.
Terahertz Spectroscopy of Candidate Oxides in MIM Diodes for Terahertz Detection (2016)

We report the utilization of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to measure the complex dielectric function of NiO, ZnO, Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> , and Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> . These oxides were chosen for their efficacy as the tunneling insulator layer in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diode rectifier coupled to an antenna designed for high-frequency absorption. Specifically this work is aimed at a rectenna device designed for 1-THz operation. To further examine the merit of the oxides for rectifying high-frequency signals, the complex dielectric function was used to model the power transfer efficiency of an ac voltage source to a MIM diode. It was found that ZnO and NiO are candidate materials for high-frequency rectification with power transfer efficiency at 1 THz of 49% and 34%, respectively. For the same operating frequency, the other oxides show a poor coupling efficiency of 3.8% and 8% for Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> and Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> , respectively. It was also found that Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> exhibits a sharp and distinct absorption at 0.48 and 1.24 THz.
Mechanical Separation of Green Crab (<i>Carcinus maenas</i>) Meat and Consumer Acceptability of a Value-Added Food Product (2016)

Mechanical separation of green crab resulted in an average mince yield of 49.2%, with average moisture, ash, protein, and lipid contents of 81.0, 5.1, 10.4, and 1.4%, respectively. Mince from small crabs (< 55-mm carapace width) had significantly lower lipid contents and L* values than mince from large crabs (> 55 mm). The overall acceptability of green crab mince empanadas (fried, stuffed pastries) was rated between “like slightly” and “like moderately” by a consumer panel (n = 87), regardless of empanada formulation (30, 50, or 70% mince by filling weight). Additionally, 63% of respondents indicated they would “probably” or “definitely” buy the empanadas if available locally.
Using Infrared Thermography and Biosensors to Detect Thermal Discomfort in a Building’s Inhabitants (2014)

This paper lays the grounds for a new methodology for detecting thermal discomfort, which can potentially reduce the building energy usage while improving the comfort of its inhabitants. The paper describes our explorations in automatic human discomfort prediction using physiological signals directly collected from a buildings inhabitants. Using infrared thermography, as well as several other bio-sensors (galvanic skin response, heart rate tracker, respiration rate tracker), we record a building’s inhabitants under various thermal conditions (hot, cold, neutral), and consequently build a multimodal model that can automatically detect thermal discomfort. The paper makes two important contributions. First, we introduce a novel dataset, consisting of sensorial measurements of human behavior under varied comfort/discomfort conditions. The change in physiological signals of the human body are monitored for several subjects, for different comfort levels in an indoor environment. Second, using the dataset obtained in the first step, we build a model that identifies the relationship between human factors, as tracked through infrared thermography and other bio-sensors, and environmental conditions related to discomfort. Third, we measure the correlation between sensorial measurements collected from the user and self-reported levels of discomfort, and hence identify the sensorial measurements that are predictive of human discomfort. The final goal is to automatically predict the level of discomfort of a building inhabitant without any explicit input from the user. This human-centered discomfort prediction model is expected to enable innovative adaptive control scenarios for a built environment conditions in real time, as well as a significant reduction in building energy usage directly related to human occupancy and their desired comfort levels.
High-efficiency, high-power, stable 172 nm xenon excimer light source (2003)

Stable, continuous-wave light sources at 172 nm, based on the Xe2* excimer molecule, with conversion efficiency of electrical energy to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light greater than 50%, are reported. In high-pressure xenon gas, “Saint Elmo’s Fire” corona discharges serve as localized point electron sources with a metal grid at a few kilovolts providing an accelerating electric field. An extended VUV light-emitting region with high-energy conversion efficiency indicates that electron energy loss is predominantly by excitation of Xe atoms rather than by ionization. A room-temperature prototype lamp with variable VUV power to 35 mW/cm2 has been demonstrated.
Effects of Feed Restriction on Growth and Reproduction in Randombred and Selected Lines of Japanese Quail (1995)

Feed restriction (70% of ad libitum consumption) was carried out from 1 d after hatching until 44 d in a randombred quail line and until 28 d in a quail line selected for high 4-wk BW. Body weights of restricted quail were significantly lower than ad libitum controls during restriction. Two weeks after restriction ended, however, BW were no longer different. Mortalities were twice as high under restriction. Hatchability of eggs was not affected by restriction, but restricted quail of the selected line laid fewer double-yolk eggs than ad libitum controls.
Use of water jet instruments in gastrointestinal endoscopy (2016)

In recent years, water jet instruments have been used in the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy, mainly in two clinical situations: Investigation and treatment under endoscopic view. Injecting water jet into the gastrointestinal lumen is helpful for maintaining a clear endoscopic view, washing away blood or mucous in the lumen or on the surface of the tip of the endoscope. This contributes to reducing time and discomfort of examination. Water jet technology is an alternative method for dissecting soft tissue; this method does not harm the small vessels or cause mechanical or thermal damage. However, its use in clinical settings has been limited to the transmucosal injection of water into the submucosal layer that elevates the mucosa to prepare for endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection, instead of tissue dissection, which may occur because of the continuous water jet. A preclinical study has been conducted using a pulsed water jet system as an alternative method for submucosal dissection by reducing intraoperative water consumption and maintenance of dissection capability. This review introduces recent studies pertaining to using a water jet in gastrointestinal endoscopy and discusses future prospects.
Clozapine for the Control of Hemiballismus (1994)

Pharmacological agents used for the control of ballistic movements include chloral hydrate, barbiturates, paraldehyde, bromides, phenothiazines, progabide, haloperidol, pimozide, reserpine, tetrabenazine, sodium valproate, and dimethylaminoethanol. These agents are believed to act by different mechanisms, including modification of dopaminergic, GABAergic, or cholinergic mechanisms. We report a case where, after failure of haloperidol, phenobarbital, and pimozide, the hemiballistic movements were controlled with clozapine.
The ephemeral history register: flexible scheduling for rule-based designs (2005)

The quality of high-level synthesis results is strongly dependant on the concurrency that can be found in designs. In this paper we introduce the ephemeral history register (EHR), a new primitive state element that enables concurrent scheduling of arbitrary rules in a rule-based design framework. The key properties of the EHR are that it allows multiple operations to write to the same state simultaneously, and that the EHR maintains a history of all writes that occur within a clock-cycle. Using the EHR, we present an algorithm that takes as input a design and a desired schedule, and produces a functionally equivalent design that satisfies the desired concurrency and ordering of operations. A processor pipeline is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the EHR and scheduling algorithm, and shows how this approach significantly improves on previous synthesis algorithms for rule-based designs.
Measurement of bidirectional reflection distribution function on material surface (2009)

Two automatic measurement methods of bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) are presented based on absolute and relative definition. Measurement principle and scheme of the methods are analyzed. A real-time measurement device is developed, the measurement spectral range of which is from ultraviolet to near infrared with 2.4-nm wavelength resolution, and the angular range is 0 -360 in azimuth angle and 0 -85 in zenith angle with 0.01 angle resolution. Absolute measurements of BRDF on tinfoil and ceramic tile are performed and the test materials present apparent specular reflection characteristics. The theoretical error in the experiment is about 6.05%. The BRDF measurement results are closely related to the precision of measurement platform, the sensitivity of measurement instrument, and the stability of illuminating light source.
Characterization of Serum Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that Disseminate (1982)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from patients with disseminated infection (DGI) often resist complement (C')-dependent killing by normal human serum (NHS) and less commonly by convalescent DGI serum. 7 of 10 NHS specimens completely inhibited killing of serum-resistant (ser(r)) gonococci by convalescent or immune DGI serum. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) purified from NHS was shown to be the blocking agent. In addition, IgM (plus C') purified from NHS was shown to be fivefold more effective (wt/wt) in killing serum-sensitive (ser(s)) gonococci than equivalent amounts of IgM tested in the presence of IgG (whole serum). Although inhibition of NHS killing of ser(s) gonococci required a 640% excess of IgG, only a 40% excess was required to block immune serum killing of ser(r) gonococci. F(ab')(2) prepared from IgG also blocked killing of ser(r) gonococci by immune serum indicating antigenic specificity of blocking IgG.IgG immunoconcentrated against outer membrane protein (OMP) derived from ser(r) gonococci showed 40-fold increased blocking activity over normal IgG (wt/wt) and lacked antibody activity directed against gonococcal lipopolysaccharide by ELISA. Using direct immunoabsorption of IgG with purified gonococcal OMP; ser(r)-OMP was found sixfold more effective than ser(s)-OMP in neutralizing the blocking of immune serum killing of ser(r) gonococci, and 10-fold more effective in systems that used excess blocking IgG, NHS, and ser(s) gonococci. Blocking IgG preabsorbed with whole ser(r) gonococci lost 75% of its ability to block immune serum killing compared with no loss in this system using a similar absorption with ser(s) gonococci. IgG purified from NHS contained fivefold higher titers of antibody against ser(r)-OMP than ser(s)-OMP by ELISA.
Modulation of Ethanol Withdrawal???Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior During Later Withdrawals by Treatment of Early Withdrawals With Benzodiazepine/??-Aminobutyric Acid Ligands (2005)

Single-dose administration of drugs that enhance or diminish activity at benzodiazepine-gamma-aminobutyric acid- receptors during earlier withdrawals reduced or potentiated, respectively, anxiety-like behavior during later, drug-free withdrawals. These results support the potential of the novel strategy of using prophylactic therapy administered during early withdrawals to ameliorate symptoms of later withdrawals.
T FUZZY ROUGH SETS (2006)

In fuzzy rough sets a fuzzy − T similarity relation is employed to describe the degree of similarity between two objects and to construct lower and upper approximations for arbitrary fuzzy sets. Different triangular norm T identifies different point of view of similarity. Thus reasonable selection of triangular norm is clearly meaningful to practical applications of fuzzy rough sets. In this paper we first discuss the selection of triangular norm and emphasize the well-known Lukasiewicz’s triangular norm L T as a reasonable selection. We then propose a function for each approximation operator in − L T fuzzy rough sets to measure its approximating ability. The measurement functions of lower and upper approximation operators are natural generalizations of belief and plausibility functions in the evidence theory respectively. By using these two functions, accuracy measure, roughness degree, entropy and conditional entropy are defined for − L T fuzzy rough sets.
3D modeling and remote rendering technique of a high definition cultural heritage artefact (2011)

Recent improvements in 3D laser scanning technology allow to reliably and accurately digitize the external shape of many physical objects with high definition and accuracy. Moreover the resulting 3D models can be used for digital documentation as well as to perform different analysis such as measurements, conservation monitoring, feature extractions and possibly virtual restoration. In recent years, the number of range scanners has been growing rapidly and surface reconstruction algorithms have been developing by the open-source community. This diffusion among cultural heritage institutions gives the scientific society a wide range of 3D hardware capturing devices and software solutions. Many researchers, however, do not have access to scanning facilities or dense polygonal models. In this paper is presented the whole pipeline from the creation of a high resolution 3D model of an ‘Acquasantiera’ to its Remote Rendering on the world wide web without any loss of details or accuracy.
Catalyst performance in Liquid Phase Methanol synthesis (1984)

Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMeOH /sup TM/ ) technology has the potential to be a lower-cost conversion route to methanol-from-coal than current gas phase processes. In September 1981, a DOE-sponsored, 42-month R and D program to prove the technical feasibility of LPMeOH /sup TM/ was started. In laboratory bench scale units, several catalysts have been identified which achieve acceptable liquid phase performance. Optimum in-situ reduction conditions for slurry powders have been defined. Liquid phase catalyst life data have been encouraging, with both H/sub 2/-rich and CO-rich feed gas. A laboratory pilot plant has operated successfully in both the liquid-fluidized (ebullated bed) and liquid-entrained (slurry) modes. A larger demonstration unit at LaPorte, TX is now testing the feasibility of LPMeOH /sup TM/ at the small engineering scale (5 TPD MeOH).
Analysis of a family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: p15/MTS2/INK4B, p16/MTS1/INK4A, and p18 genes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood (1995)

A newly recognized family of proteins that inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) termed cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKI) have an important role in regulation of cell-cycle progression. A subfamily of these CDKIs (p15INK4B/MTS2, p16INK4/MTS1, and p18) have a high degree of structural and functional homology and are candidate tumor-suppressor genes. We evaluated the mutational status of the p15, p16, and p18 genes in 103 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) samples and correlated these results with both their clinical data and additional results concerning their loss of heterozygosity in the region of the p15/p16 genes. Homozygous deletions of the p16 gene occurred extremely frequently in T-ALLs (17/22; 77%), and it was also frequent in precursor-B ALLs (12/81; 15%). Homozygous deletions of the p15 gene were also very frequent in T-ALLs (9/22; 41%), and it occurred in 5 of 81 (6%) precursor-B ALL samples. No deletions of p18 was found in any of the 103 ALL samples. Also, no point mutations of the p15, p16, and p18 genes were detected. We correlated p15/p16 alterations at diagnosis with their clinical characteristics as compared with 2,927 other patients treated similarly. Those with p15/p16 alterations were older; had higher white blood cell counts, often with T-cell ALL phenotype; and more frequently had a mediastinal mass at presentation; but they had the same nonremission, relapse, and survival rates at 5 years as did those patients whose blast cells did not have a p15/p16 deletion. To better understand the extent of alterations affecting chromosome 9p21 (location of the p15/p16 genes), loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was examined at D9S171, which is about 1 megabase proximal to the p15/p16 genes. LOH was detected in 15 of 37 (41%) informative samples. Interestingly, of the 24 informative samples that had no detectable alteration of the p15/p16 genes, 7 samples (29%) had LOH at D9S171. In summary, we show in a very large study that p15 and p16, but not p18, CDKI genes are very frequently altered in ALL; those with p15/p16 alterations are more frequently older children, have higher white blood cells at presentation, and often have a T-cell ALL phenotype. The LOH analysis suggests that another tumor-suppressor gene important in ALL also is present on chromosome 9p21.
Microporous membrane-based liver tissue engineering for the reconstruction of three-dimensional functional liver tissues in vitro (2012)

To meet the increasing demand for liver tissue engineering, various three-dimensional (3D) liver cell culture techniques have been developed. Nevertheless, conventional liver cell culture techniques involving the suspending cells in extracellular matrix (ECM) components and the seeding of cells into 3D biodegradable scaffolds have an intrinsic shortcoming, low cell-scaffold ratios. We have developed a microporous membrane-based liver cell culture technique. Cell behaviors and tissue organization can be controlled by membrane geometry, and cell-dense thick tissues can be reconstructed by layering cells cultured on biodegradable microporous membranes. Applications extend from liver parenchymal cell monoculture to multi-cell type cultures for the reconstruction of 3D functional liver tissue. This review focuses on the expanding role for microporous membranes in liver tissue engineering, primarily from our research.
Synthesis of cyclic carbonates by a novel carbonate rearrangement (1974)

R. G. Pews, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1974, 119a DOI: 10.1039/C3974000119A