gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
For none, one, or two polarities—How do POLO junctions fit best into industrial Si solar cells? (2019)

Abstract We present a systematic study on the benefit of the implementation of poly‐Si on oxide (POLO) or related junctions into p‐type industrial Si solar cells as compared with the benchmark of Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC). We assess three aspects: (a) the simulated efficiency potential of representative structures with POLO junctions for none (=PERC+), one, and for two polarities; (b) possible lean process flows for their fabrication; and (c) experimental results on major building blocks. Synergistic efficiency gain analysis reveals that the exclusive suppression of the contact recombination for one polarity by POLO only yields moderate efficiency improvements between 0.23% abs and 0.41% abs as compared with PERC+ because of the remaining recombination paths. This problem is solved in a structure that includes POLO junctions for both polarities (POLO 2 ), for whose realization we propose a lean process flow, and for which we experimentally demonstrate the most important building blocks. However, two experimental challenges—alignment tolerances and screen‐print metallization of p+ poly‐Si—are unsolved so far and reduced the efficiency of the “real” POLO 2 cell as compared with an idealized scenario. As an intermediate step, we therefore work on a POLO IBC cell with POLO junctions for one polarity. It avoids the abovementioned challenges of the POLO 2 structure, can be realized within a lean process flow, and has an efficiency benefit of 1.59% abs as compared with PERC—because not only contact recombination is suppressed but also the entire phosphorus emitter is replaced by an n+ POLO junction.
Allosteric effectors of hemoglobin. Interaction of human adult and fetal hemoglobins with poly(carboxylic acids) (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAllosteric effectors of hemoglobin. Interaction of human adult and fetal hemoglobins with poly(carboxylic acids)Katsuiko Shimizu and Enrico BucciCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 4, 809–814Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00701a026https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00701a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterisation of iron/titanium oxide photocatalysts. Part 2.—Surface studies (1994)

A study of the surfaces of particulate solids, formed by the dispersion of iron(III) ions in various titanium dioxide preparations, has revealed that significant changes occur during the calcination of these materials in air at progressively higher temperatures (T/K ⩽ 1273). In the more dilute systems, containing nominal iron(III) concentrations of 0.5–1.0 atom%, solid solutions in the anatase phase exhibit good degrees of dispersion which are maintained as the phase transformation into rutile progresses at more elevated temperatures (T/K 923). With the larger nominal iron concentrations (2 and 5 atom%) X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and diffuse-reflectance (DRS) spectroscopic measurements show that the formation of iron-rich surfaces has commenced already at 773 K through there being a lower limit of solubility of iron in the rutile phase and through the anatase to rutile phase transition becoming detectable at lower temperatures in these solids. The Fe : Ti atomic ratios at the surface with the larger nominal concentrations of iron are consistent with the formation of iron-rich surface phases, α-Fe2O3 and Fe2TiO5. Inhomogeneities in the distribution of the surface ion species have also been demonstrated by EDX measurements.The structural character of these solids has been discussed in relation to their photocatalytic activities for the reductive fixation of dinitrogen by water, in which only single-phase systems were found to be active. The inactivity of the multi-phasic solids has been considered in terms of the masking of the active phase by surface layers which create electronic heterojunctions that encourage hole–electron recombination.
Reactivities of aldehydes in homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation with cationic rhodium complexes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivities of aldehydes in homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation with cationic rhodium complexesHiroshi Fujitsu, Eiichi Matsumura, Kenjiro Takeshita, and Isao MochidaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 26, 5353–5357Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00339a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00339a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Catalytic “Click” Rotaxanes:  A Substoichiometric Metal-Template Pathway to Mechanically Interlocked Architectures (2006)

A route to mechanically interlocked architectures that requires only a catalytic quantity of template is described. The strategy utilizes the Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-cycloaddition of azides with terminal alkynes. Chelating the Cu(I) to an endotopic-binding macrocycle means that the metal atom binds to the alkyne and azide in such a way that the metal-mediated bond-forming reaction occurs through the cavity of the macrocycle, forming a rotaxane. Addition of pyridine to the reaction mixture enables the Cu(I) to turn over during the reaction, permitting substoichiometric amounts of the metal to be used. The yields are very high for a rotaxane-forming reaction (up to 94% with stoichiometric Cu(I); 82% with 20 mol % of Cu(I)), and the procedure is practically simple to do (no requirement for an inert atmosphere nor dried or distilled solvents).
Hydrogen Plasma - Thermodynamics (2019)

Metals are generally produced from ores. The extraction processes involve carbon in one form or other, due to thermodynamic advantages. The extraction process emits a lot of detrimental CO2, responsible for the greenhouse effect. Hydrogen gas couldn't replace carbon due to thermodynamic limitations. On the other hand, hydrogen plasma contains thermodynamically excited atomic, ionic, and excited states of hydrogen. These excited species present in hydrogen plasma can reduce almost all metal oxides even at lower temperatures. This paper reports the thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen plasma and its advantages to the reduction of different metal oxides to metals and alloys, e, g. Iron, Copper, Cobalt, FeCo alloy and CuNi alloy.
Maelstrom: Transparent Error Correction for Communication Between Data Centers (2011)

The global network of data centers is emerging as an important distributed systems paradigm-commodity clusters running high-performance applications, connected by high-speed “lambda” networks across hundreds of milliseconds of network latency. Packet loss on long-haul networks can cripple applications and protocols: A loss rate as low as 0.1% is sufficient to reduce TCP/IP throughput by an order of magnitude on a 1-Gb/s link with 50-ms one-way latency. Maelstrom is an edge appliance that masks packet loss transparently and quickly from intercluster protocols, aggregating traffic for high-speed encoding and using a new forward error correction scheme to handle bursty loss.
Synthesis and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Poly(HEMA-Co-MMA) Orbital Implant (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Influence of Reed Motion on the Resonance Frequency of Reed-Blown Wood-Wind Instruments (1969)

When vibrating, the needs of wood wind instruments displace an amount of air that shifts the resonance frequency of the instrument in the same way as does a mouthpiece cavity. In cylindrical instruments, this shift corresponds to an effective lengthening of the resonating tube. In conical instruments, the shift is strongly frequency dependent and it is essential for bringing first and second mode in tune.
Generation of coherent terahertz radiation by photomixing in dipole photoconductive antennas (1997)

We demonstrate the generation of continuous-wave terahertz radiation at frequencies up to 3.5 THz by photomixing in LT-GaAs photoconductors with printed dipole antennas. The expected resonance peak was clearly observed in the radiation spectrum of a 50 μm dipole antenna, and the radiation property was discussed in terms of the antenna impedance. The spectral bandwidth was greater than the electrical bandwidth of the photoconductor determined by the carrier lifetime of the material. The quality of the resonance, however, was not as high as expected because of the imperfect geometry and ohmic loss of the antenna.
Thermal conductivity of single crystal<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1992)

We report the first measurement of the thermal conductivity of single crystal ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$. We observe that orientational disorder significantly reduces the thermal conductivity, evidenced by a large jump in the thermal conductivity at the 260 K orientational-order transition. The temperature and time dependences of the thermal conductivity below 260 K are shown to be described by a phenomenological model that involves thermally activated jumping motion between two nearly degenerate orientations, separated by an energy barrier of \ensuremath{\sim}260 meV.
Lipid clearing agents in steroid-induced osteoporosis. (1995)

Osteoporosis is a major complication of long-term steroid use. In this experimental study, the effect of lipid clearing agents on the preservation of bone mass was assessed. New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: normal control, steroid only, steroid plus lovastatin and steroid plus bezafibrate. Treatments were continued for either 6 to 8 weeks or 13 to 15 weeks, after which the rabbits were sacrificed. Each rabbit's trabecular bone area from the central saggital sections of the femoral head was measured. At 6 to 8 weeks there was no significant difference between the steroid groups, but at 13 to 15 weeks the bone area in the steroid only group was significantly lower than in the groups that had also received lipid clearing agents. Histologic examination of livers from the normal control group showed significantly less degeneration than in all of the steroid groups. Lipid clearing agents appear to maintain bone mass in the femoral head, but do not avert fatty changes in the liver in steroid treated rabbits. Concomitant use of lipid clearing agents with steroids may have the potential to decrease the severity of steroid induced osteoporosis.
Genetic aberrations detected by comparative genomic hybridization are associated with clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma. (1996)

The clinical behavior of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cannot be predicted by histological and other markers. In this study, comparative genomic hybridization was used to evaluate whether the number of genomic aberrations has prognostic significance in 41 nonmetastatic clear cell RCC extending beyond the renal capsule. Losses were most prevalent at 3p (56%) and 9p and 13q (24% each). The number of DNA losses per tumor was associated with recurrence-free survival (P = 0.03). DNA gains most often involved chromosome 5q (17%) and chromosome 7 (15%). The number of DNA gains was not associated with clinical outcome. Loss of chromosome 9p was the only individual locus associated with recurrence (P = 0.04), suggesting that a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9p may play a role in RCC progression.
Freshness Assessment of Six New England Fish Species Using the Torrymeter (1990)

ABSTRACT Six New England marine species, yellowtail flounder ( Limanda ferruginea ), whiting ( Merluccius bilinearis ), scup ( Stenotomus chrysops ), butterfish ( Peprilus triacanthus ), mackerel ( Scomber scombrus ) and herring ( Clupea harenqus ), were stored on ice whole, dressed or skin‐on fillets and tested for freshness using the GR Torrymeter. Whole forms of flounder, whiting, scup and butterfish were examined for odor and general appearance. Torrymeter variability and linear relationships during the storage period were established. While the total pattern of Torrymeter decline followed a polynomial regression, quality curves had linear portions with significant correlation coefficients up to 7–8 days of storage. The rate of deterioration of fatty fish was faster than for flounder or scup. A significant linear correlation existed between sensory data and Torrymeter values.
Analysis of bovine γ δ T cell interactions with E-, P-, and L-selectin. Characterization of lymphocyte on lymphocyte rolling and the effects of O-glycoprotease (1996)

In earlier studies, we found that bovine gamma delta T cells avidly bind and roll under physiologic flow on E- and P-selection. In this study, we have extended our analyses of shear interactions of gamma delta T cells and have found that once gamma delta T cells permanently bind to endothelial cell monolayers they can support continued rolling of newly arriving gamma delta T cells. Anti-L-selection Abs blocked gamma delta T cell rolling on immobilized gamma delta T cells, and it was L-selection on the rolling cell, not the bound cell, that mediated the interaction. We propose, as we have for neutrophils, that lymphocyte/lymphocyte rolling represents a mechanism for amplification of the extravasation process. Having defined P-, E-, and L-selectin interactions with gamma delta T cells, we tested the susceptibility of the ligands for these selectins to treatment with O-glycoprotease, a compound that selectively cleaves mucin-like selectin ligands. O-glycoprotease treatment of gamma delta T cells blocked their interaction with P-selectin, but not E-selectin. Rolling of O-glycoprotease-treated cells on bound untreated gamma delta T cells was unaffected; however, O-glycoprotease treatment of the bound gamma delta T cells blocked their capacity to support rolling interactions. These results define a new lymphocyte/selectin interaction that may be important in amplifying lymphocyte extravasation and suggest that gamma delta T cell ligands for P- and E-selectin are distinct, whereas ligands for P- and L-selectin may be similar.
Reactions of gold(III) complexes with serum albumin (2003)

The reactions of a few representative gold(III) complexes -[Au(ethylenediamine)2]Cl3, [Au(diethylentriamine)Cl]Cl2, [Au(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)](ClO4)2Cl, [Au(2,2',2'-terpyridine)Cl]Cl2, [Au(2,2'-bipyridine)(OH)2][PF6] and the organometallic compound [Au(6-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)-2,2'-bipyridine-H)(OH)][PF6]- with BSA were investigated by the joint use of various spectroscopic methods and separation techniques. Weak metal-protein interactions were revealed for the [Au(ethylenediamine)2]3+ and [Au(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)]3+ species, whereas progressive reduction of the gold(III) centre was observed in the cases of [Au(2,2'-bipyridine)(OH)2]+ and [Au(2,2',2'-terpyridine)Cl]2+. In contrast, tight metal-protein adducts are formed when BSA is reacted with either [Au(diethylentriamine)Cl]2+ and [Au(6-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)-2,2'-bipyridine-H)(OH)]+. Notably, binding of the latter complex to serum albumin results in the appearance of characteristic CD bands in the visible spectrum. It is suggested that adduct formation for both of these gold(III) complexes occurs through coordination at the level of surface histidines. Stability of these gold(III) complexes/serum albumin adducts was tested under physiologically relevant conditions and found to be appreciable. Metal binding to the protein is tight; complete detachment of the metal from the protein has been achieved only after the addition of excess potassium cyanide. The implications of the present results for the pharmacological activity of these novel cytotoxic agents are discussed.
Use of digital aroma technology and SPME GC-MS to compare volatile compounds produced by bacteria isolated from processed poultry (1998)

Digital aroma technology, solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatographic mass spectral (GC-MS) analysis of the headspace volatile organic compounds were used to compare bacterial species important for food safety and common to biofilms in the poultry processing environment. The instrument for digital aroma technology, called the electronic nose, measured changes in resistance of polymer sensors caused by volatile gases from the headspace of samples. Graphical output by the Sammon mapping technique produced patterns of differences or similarities among the samples. Artificial neural network software was used to model groups of samples and classify subsequent unknowns. Compounds isolated from the headspace of sealed cultures using polydimethylsiloxane SPME fibres and identified by GC-MS analyses were predominantly alcohols and indole. These qualitative profiles were repetitive for specific organisms in relation to purity and repeatability of the cultures, differed by species and were used as objective standards to compare the graphical outputs of the electronic nose. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.
Activation of Dendritic Cells and Induction of T Cell Responses by Hpv 16 L1/E7 Chimeric Virus-Like Particles are Enhanced by Cpg ODN or Sorbitol (2004)

Chimeric human papillomavirus-like particles, consisting of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 L1-E7 fusion proteins [HPV 16 L1/E7 chimeric virus-like particles (CVLP)], are a vaccine candidate for treatment and prevention of cervical cancer. Although in preclinical studies CVLPs were shown to induce neutralizing antibodies and L1- and E7-specific T cell responses, the results of a recent clinical trial emphasized the need of improved immunogenicity of CVLPs. Here we studied the interaction of HPV 16 L1/E7 CVLPs with mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) activated with different immune adjuvants. We found that lipopolysaccharides (LPS), unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODN) and sorbitol enhanced CVLP-induced stimulation of C57BL/6 mouse BMDCs as revealed by increased levels of CD40, CD80, MHC II and CD54 at the cell surface. CpG ODN and sorbitol also enhanced the presentation of Db-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes to HPV 16 L1- or E7-specific T lymphocytes after loading of CVLPs onto BMDCs. Treatment of BMDCs with CpG ODN in combination with CVLPs improved in vitro priming of naive T lymphocytes by CVLP-loaded BMDCs. In vivo, CVLP-loaded BMDCs were more immunogenic as compared with injection of CVLPs alone. CpG ODN and sorbitol further enhanced priming of antigen-specific T cell responses. Our data demonstrate that CpG ODN- or sorbitol-activated BMDCs substantially increase the immunogenicity of CVLPs. Implementing our results in clinical trial protocols may lead to improved activity of therapeutic HPV vaccines for the treatment of HPV-induced cancer.
Detailed design analysis of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (1991)

When pumping the erbium-doped fiber amplifier at 0.98 and 1.48 mu m, the optimum cutoff wavelength for step profiles with arbitrary numerical aperture is shown to be 0.80 and 0.90 mu m, respectively. The use of a confined erbium profile can improve the gain coefficient up to 45%. The index raising co-dopant is shown to be very significant for the gain coefficient when pumping at 0.98 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>