gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viewing angle enhanced integral imaging display using two elemental image masks (2009)

A viewing angle enhanced integral imaging display using two elemental image masks is proposed. In our new method, rays emitted from the elemental images are directed by two masks into corresponding lenses. Due to the elemental image guiding of the masks, the number of elemental images for each integrated image point is increased, enhancing the viewing angle. The experimental result shows that the proposed method exhibits two times larger viewing angle than the conventional method with the same lens array.
Initial Characterization of Hydrogen Sulfide Effects in Female Sexual Function (2009)

These pilot studies clearly indicate the smooth muscle relaxant effect of H(2)S in female genital tract, mediating through cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate and K(+)(ATP) channels. Taken together with biochemical and molecular evidences for endogenous formation, H(2)S pathway could be a contributing factor in female sexual responses.
Human 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide Ribonucleotide Transformylase/Inosine 5′-Monophosphate Cyclohydrolase (2001)

The bifunctional enzyme aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase/inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase (ATIC) is responsible for catalysis of the last two steps in the de novo purine pathway. Gel filtration studies performed on human enzyme suggested that this enzyme is monomeric in solution. However, cross-linking studies performed on both yeast and avian ATIC indicated that this enzyme might be dimeric. To determine the oligomeric state of this protein in solution, we carried out sedimentation equilibrium analysis of ATIC over a broad concentration range. We find that ATIC participates in a monomer/dimer equilibrium with a dissociation constant of 240 +/- 50 nM at 4 degrees C. To determine whether the presence of substrates affects the monomer/dimer equilibrium, further ultracentrifugation studies were performed. These showed that the equilibrium is only significantly shifted in the presence of both AICAR and a folate analog, resulting in a 10-fold reduction in the dissociation constant. The enzyme concentration dependence on each of the catalytic activities was studied in steady state kinetic experiments. These indicated that the transformylase activity requires dimerization whereas the cyclohydrolase activity only slightly prefers the dimeric form over the monomeric form.
Intrathymic proliferation wave essential for Vα14 <sup>+</sup> natural killer T cell development depends on c-Myc (2009)

The molecular requirements for invariant Valpha14-bearing natural killer T cells (iNKT) in the thymus are poorly understood. A minute population of approximately 500 newly selected CD69(+)CD24(+) stage 0 (ST0) iNKT cells gives rise to approximately 100 times more CD44(neg/lo)CD24(-) stage 1 (ST1) cells, which then generate similar frequencies of CD44(hi)CD24(-) stage 2 (ST2) and mature iNKT cells. Although the increased number of ST1 compared with ST0 cells indicates the initiation of a proliferation wave in the very early stages of iNKT cell development, details about the controlling mechanism are currently lacking. Here, we show that the transcription factor c-Myc is required for iNKT cell development. Conditional ablation of c-Myc in double-positive thymocytes specifically impacted iNKT but not conventional T cell development. Within the iNKT population, a progressive reduction of iNKT cells was observed starting at ST1 (approximately 50-fold) and ST2 (approximately 350-fold), with a complete lack of mature cells in thymus, spleen, and liver. ST0/ST1 c-Myc-deficient iNKT cells showed reduced proliferation. In contrast, annexin V staining did not reveal increased apoptosis, and transgenic overexpression of BCL-2 did not rescue iNKT cell development in c-Myc-deficient mice. Moreover, expression of known iNKT differentiation factors such as Plzf and Gata3 was not dramatically altered. These, findings provide compelling evidence that c-Myc mediates an intrathymic proliferation wave immediately after agonist selection of iNKT cells and illustrate the importance of this expansion for the generation of mature iNKT cells in vivo.
Decomposition of Stochastic Power Management for Wireless Base Station in Smart Grid (2012)

We propose a stochastic power management (SPM) algorithm for a wireless base station to optimize the power consumption (i.e., minimizing the power cost while meeting wireless traffic demand). This SPM algorithm is developed for a smart grid environment which takes a renewable power source and time-varying power price into account. An optimization model is developed to obtain an optimal solution of the SPM algorithm. This optimization model considers various uncertainties including power price, renewable power, and wireless traffic load. Benders decomposition method is applied to reduce the execution time of obtaining the optimal solution for the SPM algorithm.
Changes in normal glycosylation mechanisms in autoimmune rheumatic disease. (1992)

To investigate potential mechanisms controlling protein glycosylation we have studied the interrelationship between lymphocytic galactosyltransferase (GTase) activity and serum agalactosylated immunoglobulin G levels (G(0)) in healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis and non-autoimmune arthritis. In RA there was reduced GTase activity and increased G(0). A positive linear correlation between B and T cell GTase was found in all individuals. The relationship between GTase and G(0) was found to be positive and linear in the control population and negative and linear in the RA population. Sulphasalazine therapy maintained normal levels of GTase and caused a reduction in G(0) in the RA population. IgG anti-GTase antibodies (abs) were significantly increased in the RA population, whereas IgM anti-GTase abs were significantly decreased in both the RA and the non-autoimmune arthritis groups. These data describe a defect in RA lymphocytic GTase, with associated abnormal G(0) changes, which is corrected by sulphasalazine. A possible regulatory mechanism controlling galactosylation in normal cells is suggested, in which there is parallel control of B and T cell GTase. IgM anti-GTase abs may be integrated into this normal regulatory process. This is disrupted in RA, where the positive feedback between GTase and G(0) is lost and there is an associated increase in IgG anti-GTase abs, which may result from isotype switching as IgM anti-GTase abs are reduced. We suggest that these mechanisms are of relevance to the pathogenesis of RA, and that their manipulation may form part of a novel therapeutic approach.
Intracellular Accumulation of Rhodamine 110 in Single Living Cells (1997)

To gain a better understanding of the internalization of rhodamines, vital staining of living cells in situ by two different rhodamines, R110 and R123, was studied by microfluorometry. These dyes differ strongly in their lipophilic properties because of differences in charge distribution. Microspectrofluorometry was used to study the fluorescence emission spectra of R110-loaded cells to determine reliable loading conditions. Cell uptake and cell efflux studies of R110 were performed by numerical microfluorescence imaging. A slower uptake was observed for R110 (14 hr) vs R123 (2 hr), but the R110 efflux was much more rapid (30 min) than that of R123 (> 24 hr). Although it appeared in the R110 and R123 co-localization study that R110 was able to accumulate in mitochondria, labeling with R110 was lower than with R123. Our results indicate that, rhodamine 110 in its acid cationic form is able to cross the plasma and mitochondrial membrane and to accumulate in cell compartments as does the cationic rhodamine 123. However, because of its acido-basic properties, R110 should be able to decrease the pH of cell compartments, depending on their ability to regulate pH. In such a model, mitochondrial pH should be more greatly decreased than cytosolic pH, leading to a lower mitochondrial accumulation of R110 than of R123. Surprisingly, these effects, which should affect the energetic state of mitochondria, do not influence cell growth, because no cytotoxic effect was observed.
Antineoplastic and biochemical properties of arylsulfonylhydrazones of 2-formylpyridine N-oxide (1976)

The structural parameters necessary for the antineoplastic potency of a new class of anticancer agents, arylsulfonylhydrazones of 2-formylpyridine N-oxide, were examined in mice bearing Sarcoma 180 ascites cells. The findings indicated that (a) replacement of the pyridine ring with benzene, quinoline, or isoquinoline resulted in loss of activity (b) movement of the formylhydrazone side chain from the 2 to the 3 or 4 positions of the pyridine N-oxide produced inactive agents (c) the pyridine N-oxide function was essential for anticancer activity, except for 4-substituted derivatives which were active without the N-oxide group, (d) replacement of the SO2 group by CO resulted in complete loss of activity, and (e) a carbon atom could be inserted between the SO2 and aryl ring with retention of anticancer potency. One of the most active members of this series, 1-oxidopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde p-toluenesulfonylhdrazone, exhibited antineoplastic activity against a broad spectrum of transplanted tumors including Sarcoma 180, Hepatoma 129, Ehrlich carcinoma, leukemia L1210, and a subline of Sarcoma 180 resistant to alpha-(N)-heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones. This agent caused inhibition of thymidine-3H and uridine-3H incorporation into DNA and RNA, respectively, of Sarcoma 180 ascites cells; protein biosynthesis was relatively insensitive to the action of this compound.
Undergraduate Research, Graduate Mentoring, and the University's Mission (2001)

Undergraduate research and graduate mentoring have received a great deal of attention in recent times. What do these activities have in common? They both speak to the primary mission of the research university, which is not merely carrying out research but training students to do research. The knowledge-based global economy, with its wealth of information and opportunities, has increased undergraduate students' need for research skills as well as graduate students' desire for personal guidance. As the research university matures, the boundaries between graduate and undergraduate education are blurring. Indeed, if we focus on the learning process, we find not two but five levels of learning at the research university: lower division, upper division, master's, doctoral, and postdoctoral. All five levels form a continuum, a series of gradual steps. The mission of the university is to introduce students to research, to inspire in them a passion for discovery at each of these levels.
Rhythmic Expression of <i>timeless</i> : A Basis for Promoting Circadian Cycles in <i>period</i> Gene Autoregulation (1995)

The clock gene timeless (tim) is required for circadian rhythmicity in Drosophila. The accumulation of tim RNA followed a circadian rhythm, and the phase and period of the tim RNA rhythm were indistinguishable from those that have been reported for per. The tim RNA oscillations were found to be dependent on the presence of PER and TIM proteins, which demonstrates feedback control of tim by a mechanism previously shown to regulate per expression. The cyclic expression of tim appears to dictate the timing of PER protein accumulation and nuclear localization, suggesting that tim promotes circadian rhythms of per and tim transcription by restricting per RNA and PER protein accumulation to separate times of day.
A multisystem composite biomarker as a preliminary diagnostic test in bipolar disorder (2018)

Combining individual biomarkers across tissues and molecular systems could be a promising avenue for research in biomarker models in BD.
Atmospheric pressure cold plasma as an antifungal therapy (2011)

A microhollow cathode based, direct-current, atmospheric pressure, He/O2 (2%) cold plasma microjet was used to inactive antifungal resistants Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Candida glabrata in air and in water. Effective inactivation (&gt;90%) was achieved in 10 min in air and 1 min in water. Antifungal susceptibility tests showed drastic reduction of the minimum inhibitory concentration after plasma treatment. The inactivation was attributed to the reactive oxygen species generated in plasma or in water. Hydroxyl and singlet molecular oxygen radicals were detected in plasma-water system by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. This approach proposed a promising clinical dermatology therapy.
Swimmer's ear and water-borne diseases : OTC management (2007)

It is summer time again and what better way to enjoy it than a day at the beach or at the swimming pool. While activities such as swimming can usually be enjoyed by most people without incidence, there are some things to keep in mind for a healthy and happy water holiday.
Accuracy of volume measurement using 3D ultrasound and development of CT-3D US image fusion algorithm for prostate cancer radiotherapy (2013)

3D US could be used in the volume measurement of human bladders and prostates. CT-3D US image fusion could be used in monitoring the target position in each fraction of external beam radiation therapy. Moreover, the feasibility of replacing the CT-MR image fusion to the CT-3D US in radiotherapy treatment planning was verified.
Regioselective base-catalysed rearrangement of steroidal αβ-unsaturated epoxides (1974)

Rearrangement of 5,10-epoxy-Δ9(11)-steroids in the presence of potassium t-butoxide or lithium dialkylamides occurs by proton abstraction at C-4 or C-12 depending on the nature of the base and the configuration of the epoxide.
New Unified Method of Integrating Core Capillary Pressure Data With Well Logs (1989)

Summary A new unified method is presented for relating porosity, water saturation, capillary pressure (or height in the reservoir), and permeability through multilinear regression with core and log data. This method, an extension of Heseldin, is well-suited to computer processing. In addition to general use in reservoir description, this new method is also shown to be useful in several specific applications.
Transmission line modeling of CPW-slotline transitions and CPW butterfly filters (2002)

This paper presents theoretical analyses of CPW-slotline transitions and CPW butterfly filters using the transmission line models. Accurate modeling of non-uniform CPW and slotline radial stubs was developed using tandem connected uniform lines. Measured results of various transitions and filters agree very well with calculation. Design curves for practical applications are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic facial action analysis (2002)

This thesis provides ... essential building blocks blocks, which can be assembled to form facial expressions. The system first robustly tracks the pupils using an infrared sensitive camera equipped with infrared LEDs. For each frame, the pupil positions are used to localize regions of eyes and eyebrow, which are analyzed using statistical techniques to recover parameters that relate to the shape of the facial features. These parameters are used as input to classifiers based on Support Vector Machines to recognize upper facial action units and their all possible combinations. The system detects head gestures using Hidden Markov Models that use pupil positions in consecutive frames as observations. The system is evaluated on completely natural dataset with lots of head movements, pose changes and occlusions. The system can successfully detect head gestures 78.46% of time. Recognition accuracy of 67.83% for each individual AU is reported and the system can correctly identify all possible AU combinations with an accuracy of 61.25%.
Critical requirement for cell cycle inhibitors in sustaining nonproliferative states (2007)

In adult vertebrates, most cells are not in the cell cycle at any one time. Physiological nonproliferation states encompass reversible quiescence and permanent postmitotic conditions such as terminal differentiation and replicative senescence. Although these states appear to be attained and maintained quite differently, they might share a core proliferation-restricting mechanism. Unexpectedly, we found that all sorts of nonproliferating cells can be mitotically reactivated by the sole suppression of histotype-specific cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors (CKIs) in the absence of exogenous mitogens. RNA interference-mediated suppression of appropriate CKIs efficiently triggered DNA synthesis and mitosis in established and primary terminally differentiated skeletal muscle cells (myotubes), quiescent human fibroblasts, and senescent human embryo kidney cells. In serum-starved fibroblasts and myotubes alike, cell cycle reactivation was critically mediated by the derepression of cyclin D-cdk4/6 complexes. Thus, both temporary and permanent growth arrest must be actively maintained by the constant expression of CKIs, whereas the cell cycle-driving cyclins are always present or can be readily elicited. In principle, our findings could find wide application in biotechnology and tissue repair whenever cell proliferation is limiting.
Identification of Significant Residues in the Substrate Binding Site of <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase (1996)

Farnesyl diphosphate synthases have been shown to possess seven highly conserved regions (I-VII) in their amino acid sequences [Koyama et al. (1993) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 113, 355-363]. Site-directed mutants of farnesyl diphosphate synthase from Bacillus stearothermophilus were made to evaluate the roles of the conserved aspartic acids in region VI and lysines in regions I, V, and VI. The aspartate at position 224 was changed to alanine or glutamate (mutants designated as D224A and D224E, respectively); aspartates at positions 225 and 228 were changed to isoleucine and alanine (D225I, D228A); lysine at position 238 was changed to either alanine or arginine (K238A, K238R). The lysines at positions 47 and 183 were changed to isoleucine and alanine (K471, K183A), respectively. Kinetic analyses of the wild-type and mutant enzymes indicated that the mutagenesis of Asp-224 and Asp-225 resulted in a decrease of Kcat values of approximately 10(4)- to 10(5)-fold compared to the wild type. On the other hand, D228A showed a Kcat value approximately one-tenth of that of the wild type, and the k(m) value for isopentenyl diphosphate increased approximately 10-fold. Both K471 and K183A showed k(m) values for isopentenyl diphosphate 20-fold larger and kcat values 70-fold smaller than the wild type. These results suggest that the two conserved lysines in regions I and V contribute to the binding of isopentenyl diphosphate and that the first and the second aspartates in region VI are involved in catalytic function. Aspartate-228 is also important for the binding of isopentenyl diphosphate rather than for catalytic reaction.
Meta-analysis, Database, and Meta-regression of 98 Structural Imaging Studies in Bipolar Disorder (2008)

The meta-analyses revealed robust but regionally nonspecific changes of brain structure in bipolar disorder. Individual studies will remain underpowered unless sample size is increased or improvements in phenotypic selection and imaging methods are made to reduce within-study heterogeneity. The provision of online databases, as illustrated herein, may facilitate a more refined design and analysis of structural imaging data sets in bipolar disorder.
Cell division in the gerbil cochlea after acoustic trauma. (1994)

The recent discovery of hair cell regeneration in the avian inner ear raises the possibility that hair cell regeneration might occur in the mammalian cochlea as well. The authors used 3H-thymidine labeling to detect mitotic activity in the cochleas of normal 3-week old gerbils exposed to acoustic trauma. Following an acoustic insult that caused progressively more severe damage in an apical to basal progression, 3H-thymidine was injected for 5 days. Control animals were not exposed to the acoustic insult. The gerbils' cochleas were sectioned and processed for autoradiography. In the control cochleas, there were extremely rare labeled cells in the stria, the spiral ligament, and the glial cells around the acoustic nerve fibers. In the damaged cochleas, no evidence of hair cell regeneration or of any cell division within the normal sensory epithelial structures was seen. Three labeled cells were seen in intercellular spaces within the sensory epithelium; they appeared to be macrophages. Frequent cell division was seen in numerous other regions of the damaged cochleas and among glial cells adjacent to the acoustic nerve fibers. It is concluded that there is no evidence for hair cell regeneration following acoustic trauma in the gerbil, but acoustic trauma does induce cell division in numerous other areas of the cochlea.
Polyurethane from kraft lignin (1989)

Abstract The condensation of lignin with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or of a mixture of lignin‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with HDI was investigated. The lignin used in this study was a kraft lignin from Pinus maritima , and was obtained from black liquor by acidification, filtration and vacuum drying. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out to compare the weight loss against temperature of polyurethanes based on kraft lignin and hexamethylene diisocyanate, or of mixed polyurethanes lignin‐PEO‐HDI, with that of kraft lignin alone. It was shown that lignin can react with isocyanates in rather mild conditions to give polyurethanes, confirming previous results performed with model molecules. Some mechanical properties (Young's modulus and rupture strength) and glass transition temperature were also measured on the various above materials. In all cases it was concluded that lignin participates to the polycondensation reaction. As to rigid foams, it was found that polyurethanes prepared with oxypropylated glycerol, ethylene glycol and kraft lignin, in the weight proportions of 100/30/15, and HDI had good dimensional stability, and thermal and mechanical properties comparable to those of equivalent industrial materials.
Visualizing and clustering high throughput sub-cellular localization imaging (2008)

The feasibility of automated spatial layout to allow comparison and discrimination of high throughput sub-cellular imaging has been demonstrated. There are many potential applications such as image database curation, semi-automated interactive classification, outlier detection and reference image comparison. By allowing the observation of the full range of imaging data available using modern microscopes these methods will provide an invaluable tool for cell biologists.