gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclophilin A is required for M‐CSF‐dependent macrophage proliferation (2006)

The immunosuppressor sanglifehrin A (SfA) is a member of a family of immunophilin cyclophilin A-binding molecules and does not inhibit calcineurin activity. Sanglifehrin A inhibits M-CSF-dependent macrophage proliferation by arresting the G1 phase of the cell cycle but does not affect cell viability. This immunosuppressor exerts its action on proliferation by inactivating cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) activity. Moreover, c-myc expression is also repressed. In the early steps of M-CSF signaling, SfA inhibits the phosphorylation of Raf-1 and the external regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1, which are required for proliferation. The effects of SfA are not related to a block of the proteosome activity. These data show that immunophilin contributes to M-CSF-dependent proliferation through activation of the Raf-1/MEK/ERK pathway and the regulation of Cdk activities, which is required for cell cycle progression.
Preparation, Characterization, and Optical Properties of Gold, Silver, and Gold−Silver Alloy Nanoshells Having Silica Cores (2008)

This report describes the structural and optical properties of a series of spherical shell/core nanoparticles in which the shell is comprised of a thin layer of gold, silver, or gold-silver alloy, and the core is comprised of a monodispersed silica nanoparticle. The silica core particles were prepared using the Stöber method, functionalized with terminal amine groups, and then seeded with small gold nanoparticles (approximately 2 nm in diameter). The gold-seeded silica particles were coated with a layer of gold, silver, or gold-silver alloy via solution-phase reduction of an appropriate metal ion or mixture of metal ions. The size, morphology, and elemental composition of the composite nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optical properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy, which showed strong absorptions ranging from 400 nm into the near-IR region, where the position of the plasmon band reflected not only the thickness of the metal shell, but also the nature of the metal comprising the shell. Importantly, the results demonstrate a new strategy for tuning the position of the plasmon resonance without having to vary the core diameter or the shell thickness.
Protection by S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid against radiation- and cyclophosphamide-induced attenuation in antitumor resistance. (1984)

Studies were performed to investigate whether S-2-(3-amino-propylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) can protect antitumor immune rejection responses against the damaging effects of whole-body irradiation ( WBI ) and cyclophosphamide (CY). Among these damaging effects were radiation-induced enhancement of s.c. tumor take and radiation- and CY-induced enhancement of lung colonization by tumor cells injected i.v. The ability of WR-2721 to protect against WBI -induced decreased radioresponse of solitary tumors was also investigated. All experiments were performed with an immunogenic fibrosarcoma syngeneic to C3Hf/ Kam mice. WR-2721 was given i.p. at a dose of 400 mg/kg 30 min before WBI with gamma-rays or CY injection. WBI with 650 rads reduced the number of tumor cells needed for tumor take in 50% of animals from 5.1 X 10(4) cells in normal mice to 2.0 X 10(2). WR-2721 given before WBI almost entirely abolished the effect of WBI : the number of tumor cells needed for tumor take in 50% of animals was 1.4 X 10(4). Treatment of mice with WBI or CY increased the number of tumor nodules in the lung generated by fibrosarcoma cells injected i.v. 5 days later, in a linear dose response. WR-2721 greatly reduced this metastasis enhancement effect of WBI and CY with protection factors of 2.5 for WBI and 1.8 for CY. Fibrosarcomas of 8 mm in diameter exhibited a decreased radiocurability when growing in WBI mice: the dose of irradiation yielding local tumor control in 50% of animals in these mice was 5950 compared to a dose of irradiation yielding local tumor control in 50% of animals of 4160 rads in normal mice. WR-2721 given before WBI inhibited this effect of WBI : the dose of irradiation yielding local tumor control in 50% of animals was 5210 rads. The proportion of macrophages in tumors growing in WBI mice was significantly reduced, but not when WR-2721 was first given. WR-2721 greatly reduced the damaging effects of WBI and CY on natural killer cell activity. Therefore, WR-2721 was capable of protecting the immune mechanisms involved in antitumor resistance against WBI and CY. This might be of therapeutic benefit when WR-2721 is combined with radio- or chemotherapy.
Degradation of microinjected methylated and unmethylated proteins in hepatoma tissue culture cells. (1983)

Radioiodinated proteins were introduced into hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells by erythrocyte ghost-mediated microinjection, and their degradation was studied. 125I-bovine serum albumin and 125I-lysozyme were degraded with half-lives of about 7 and 11 h, respectively. The process was ATP-dependent. The breakdown of these proteins was not inhibited by the following inhibitors of lysosomal proteolysis: NH4Cl, methylamine, chloroquine, leupeptin, or antipain. Methylation of 94% of the amino groups of bovine serum albumin or 99% of the amino groups of lysozyme had little effect on the rates of their degradation in HTC cells. In contrast, methylation almost completely inhibited the ATP-dependent proteolysis of both proteins in reticulocyte lysates. Methylated bovine serum albumin was not detectably demethylated in HTC cells. It is concluded that in HTC cells, bovine serum albumin and lysozyme are degraded by a nonlysosomal pathway which differs from the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis system of reticulocytes in that it does not require free amino groups.
Scale-up methodology of a Modular Multilevel Converter for HVDC applications (2018)

Modular Multilevel Converters is developing a realistic alternative to the conventional converters for Medium Voltage (MV) and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) applications. The MMC topologies utilize a high number of submodule (SM) cascaded in series per phase arm to achieve the desired high voltage level. These SMs can be as high as 512 SMs to produce a very low Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) (e.g. < 0.1%) of the MMC AC side interface voltage. However, employing a large number of SMs in the converter to synthesize a very low THD of an AC voltage with a high number of levels increases the control complexity. Typically, the MMC AC side interface voltage THD requirements are < 3% which can be achieved by 48-pulse stepped AC waveform. This paper presents the first step towards MMC scale-up control and performance analysis such that the behavior of a high number of SMs can be predicted by a cumulative set of a smaller number of SMs. A Back-to-Back (B2B) MMC based on the scale-up method is implemented in a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and MMC support units based FPGAs. The results demonstrate that the scale-up control method is providing a satisfactory performance and other features for HVDC systems such as a stable operation under multiple faulty SMs.
A Human Monoclonal Antibody to Cytokeratin Intermediate Filament Antigens Derived from a Tumor Draining Lymph Node (1988)

Human lymphocytes derived from a lymph node draining a primary breast adenocarcinoma were fused with the mouse myeloma P3X63Ag8.653 to generate human-mouse hybridomas secreting human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to tumor associated antigens (TAAs). One of the resulting human MAbs, YBB 190 (IgM) is described. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) employing membrane and cytosol fractions of human tissues demonstrated YBB 190 reactivity against cytosol but not membrane components of malignant and normal epithelial tissues. When tested by an indirect immunoperoxidase staining method against fresh frozen human tissue sections, YBB 190 reacted with malignant cells in 26 of 28 epithelial cancers and with normal epithelia in 11 different benign tissues. Preliminary western blot antigen characterization indicated that YBB 190 recognizes cytokeratin intermediate filaments, or a protein that is closely associated with cytokeratins. These data indicate that B cells with specificity for intermediate filaments are present in tumor draining lymph nodes. Our findings provide insights into the nature of potential autoimmune responses in cancer patients and suggest that improved tumor directed sensitization procedures may be required to more effectively utilize lymphocytes from tumor draining lymph nodes to generate therapeutically useful human MAbs to TAAs.
Heat Treatment of Gears: A Practical Guide for Engineers (2000)

Introduction to Gear Heat Treatment Properties of Iron Heat Treatment of Gears Through-Hardening Process Carburizing and Hardening Nitriding Modern Nitriding Processes Carbonitriding Induction Hardening Selection of Heat Treat Process for Optimum Gear Design.
Collaborative Monitors for Embedded System Security (2006)

This paper presents a hardware based approach to embedded systems security. Usage of on-chip monitors is proposed for identifying attacks on embedded systems by tracking the operation of the system. Two types of monitors: a processing monitor and thermal monitor are presented with their detailed operation and results. The effectiveness of this security system can be enhanced by correlating information from both monitors through collaborative decision making.
Antioxidant capacity of vegetables, spices and dressings relevant to nutrition (2005)

Vegetables are the most important sources of phenolics in the Mediterranean diet. Phenolics, especially flavonoids, are suggested as being essential bioactive compounds providing health benefits. In this study, twenty-seven vegetables, fifteen aromatic herbs and some spices consumed in Central Italy (the Marches region) were studied to reveal total phenolic, flavonoid and flavanol content as well as their antioxidant capacity measured by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. A comparison in terms of antioxidant capacity was made between different salads, as well as between salads to which aromatic herbs had been added. Lemon balm and marjoram at a concentration of 1.5 % w/w increased by 150 % and 200 % respectively the antioxidant capacity of a salad portion. A 200 g portion of a salad enriched with marjoram corresponded to an intake of 200 (SD 10) mg phenolics and 4000 (SD 300) ORAC units (micromol Trolox equivalents). Olive oils and wine or apple vinegars were the salad dressings that provided the highest increase in antioxidant capacity. Among the spices tested, cumin and fresh ginger made the most significant contribution to the antioxidant capacity. The results are useful in surveying the antioxidant parameters of vegetables, herbs and spices produced and consumed in our geographical area as well as in quantifying the daily intake of phenolics and ORAC units. The results can be used in public health campaigns to stimulate the consumption of vegetables able to provide significant health protection in order to prevent chronic diseases.
Dielectric Measurement Methods for Solids at Microwave Frequencies (1948)

An experimental method of measuring the dielectric constants of solids is described for the case of medium and high loss materials. The dielectric sample is enclosed within a section of wave guide terminated by a reflecting plane, and measurements are made of the standing wave ratio and position of the voltage minimum for both a short-circuit and an open-circuit termination. The equations for the dielectric properties of the substance may then be expressed in a relatively simple form in terms of elementary functions for media having tanδ ≥ 0.03. In order to obtain reasonable accuracy for the determination of the loss factor of low loss materials using only standard wave-guide components, it was found to be necessary to adjust the operating conditions to obtain maximum power absorption by the dielectric sample. A frequency variation method of obtaining this maximum loss sensitivity is described, the apparatus being the same as that used for the medium and high loss materials. A set of experimental values is given for the dielectric constants of a group of common plastics at 24,000 mega-cycles. A brief analysis of the effect of certain of the equipment losses is included.
[The role of lactotransferrin in the molecular mechanisms of antibacterial defense]. (1983)

Lactotransferrin is involved in the antibacterial defence of the host by virtue of its reversible iron-binding capacity. On the one hand, it participates in different molecular mechanisms displayed by immunocompetent cells which are known to synthesize or recognize the lactotransferrin. For instance, 1) during inflammation, apolactotransferrin released by the neutrophils captures the iron from serotransferrin which is accumulated by the macrophages, by means of their lactotransferrin membrane receptors; 2) lactotransferrin is an important component in the microbicidal activity of neutrophils by regulating the hydroxyl radical production; 3) lactotransferrin acts as a regulator of myelopoiesis by modulating activity of the colony stimulating factors; 4) lactotransferrin could be involved in the control mechanism of lymphoid cell migration. On the other hand, lactotransferrin participates to the non-specific local secretory immunity by being involved in antibacterial mechanisms together with secretory immunoglobulins sIgA and lysozyme. The different aspects of the participation of the lactotransferrin in the cellular and secretory mechanisms of antibacterial defence of the host show that the lactotransferrin plays a predominant role in the local immunity of any mucosa.
Orienting Oxygen Vacancies for Fast Catalytic Reaction (2013)

A strategy to enhance the catalytic activity at the surface of an oxide thin film is unveiled through epitaxial orientation control of the surface oxygen vacancy concentration. By tuning the direction of the oxygen vacancy channels (OVCs) in the brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 , a 100-fold improvement in the oxygen reduction kinetics is realized in an epitaxial thin film that has the OVCs open to the surface.
Virtual reality for meeting interaction in infrastructure construction projects (2013)

Urban planning and infrastructure projects of varied sizes are increasingly utilizing model-based applications at planning phase. Although the use of virtual models has its advantages, there are multiple challenges that diminish their potential in project use. These challenges are related to either non-human or human topics. The non-human topics cover issues like deficient processes, practices and tools. The human-related topics include for example lack of communication and interaction between relevant stakeholders. The interaction is a key element in current design practice due to the high number of disciplines involved in design formation and decision-making. During the past years, many key stakeholders have experienced difficulties in changing the current way of working with model-based practices. Virtual reality (VR) has been found to offer promise for design visualisation to convey messages with reduced communication difficulties between stakeholders. This paper draws findings from observations in one meeting at an on-going large infrastructure construction project in Finland. In this case study, virtual reality has been used in project management meetings to facilitate communication and to support decision-making. We consider how the use of virtual reality actually influenced on group dynamics and make concluding remarks underpinning the use in a traditional meeting room environment. We have used activity theory as a framework to begin method development for observing and analysing the effects of virtual reality on interaction and related work practices. The empirical findings point out, that new visualization instruments have effects on the ‘division of labour’. Following five traditional meeting interaction characteristics showed changes at group dynamics. When virtual reality was used as a presentation tool, the interaction between participants became more balanced. Activation of all participants, most probably, leads to enhanced mutual understanding, and furthermore to better results in the whole project.
A tactile sensor using a conductive graphene-sponge composite (2016)

For sensors that emulate human tactile perception, we suggest a simple method for fabricating a highly sensitive force sensor using a conductive polyurethane sponge where graphene flakes are self-assembled into the porous structure of the sponge. The complete sensor device shows a sensitive and reliable detection response for a broad range of pressure and dynamic pressure that correspond to human tactile perception. Sensitivity of the sensor to detect vibration is also confirmed with vertical actuations due to slipping over micro-scale ridge structures attached on the sensors. Based on the sensor's ability to detect both pressure and vibration, the sensor can be utilized as a flexible tactile sensor.
Near-field two-photon nanolithography using an apertureless optical probe (2002)

Near-field two-photon optical lithography is demonstrated by using ∼120 fs laser pulses at 790 nm in an apertureless near-field optical microscope, which produces lithographic features with ∼70 nm resolution. The technique takes advantage of the field enhancement at the extremity of a metallic probe to induce nanoscale two-photon absorption and polymerization in a commercial photoresist, SU-8. Even without optimization of the resist or laser pulses, the spatial resolution of this technique is as high as λ/10, nearly a factor of 2 better than techniques based on far field two-photon lithography.
Ethylene levels are regulated by a plant encoded 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid deaminase (2009)

Control of the levels of the plant hormone ethylene is crucial in the regulation of many developmental processes and stress responses. Ethylene production can be controlled by altering endogenous levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the immediate precursor to ethylene or by altering its conversion to ethylene. ACC is known to be irreversibly broken down by bacterial or fungal ACC deaminases (ACDs). Sequence analysis revealed two putative ACD genes encoded for in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) and we detected ACD activity in plant extracts. Expression of one of these A. thaliana genes (AtACD1) in bacteria indicated that it had ACD activity. Moreover, transgenic plants harboring antisense constructs of the gene decreased ACD activity to 70% of wild-type (WT) levels, displayed an increased sensitivity to ACC and produced significantly more ethylene. Taken together, these results show that AtACD1 can act as a regulator of ACC levels in A. thaliana.
Lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (2007)

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Core/Shell Gold Nanoparticles by Self‐Assembly and Crosslinking of Micellar, Block‐Copolymer Shells (2004)

Plated gold: Self-assembly of core/shell nanostructures occurs spontaneously when gold nanoparticles are combined with amphiphilic block copolymers. Polymer cross-linking then topologically fixes the composite nanostructure (see picture). The thickness of the polymer shell, as well as the optical and chemical properties of the composite nanostructure, are precisely determined by the molecular characteristics of the assembled block copolymer.
Serotonin neurones have anti‐convulsant effects and reduce seizure‐induced mortality (2014)

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in patients with refractory epilepsy. Defects in central control of breathing are important contributors to the pathophysiology of SUDEP, and serotonin (5-HT) system dysfunction may be involved. Here we examined the effect of 5-HT neurone elimination or 5-HT reduction on seizure risk and seizure-induced mortality. Adult Lmx1b(f/f/p) mice, which lack >99% of 5-HT neurones in the CNS, and littermate controls (Lmx1b(f/f)) were subjected to acute seizure induction by maximal electroshock (MES) or pilocarpine, variably including electroencephalography, electrocardiography, plethysmography, mechanical ventilation or pharmacological therapy. Lmx1b(f/f/p) mice had a lower seizure threshold and increased seizure-induced mortality. Breathing ceased during most seizures without recovery, whereas cardiac activity persisted for up to 9 min before terminal arrest. The mortality rate of mice of both genotypes was reduced by mechanical ventilation during the seizure or 5-HT2A receptor agonist pretreatment. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram reduced mortality of Lmx1b(f/f) but not of Lmx1b(f/f/p) mice. In C57BL/6N mice, reduction of 5-HT synthesis with para-chlorophenylalanine increased MES-induced seizure severity but not mortality. We conclude that 5-HT neurones raise seizure threshold and decrease seizure-related mortality. Death ensued from respiratory failure, followed by terminal asystole. Given that SUDEP often occurs in association with generalised seizures, some mechanisms causing death in our model might be shared with those leading to SUDEP. This model may help determine the relationship between seizures, 5-HT system dysfunction, breathing and death, which may lead to novel ways to prevent SUDEP.
Low-frequency noise measurements on semiconductor devices using a probe station (1994)

We report a measurement technique that would allow the mapping of the low-frequency noise characteristics of devices across a wafer. We show that we can reliably measure the noise by using a probe station. We also show that the sensitivity of the setup is not limited by the probes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Context of American Philosophy (1985)

I am, naturally, greatly honoured to have been invited by the Royal Institute of Philosophy to organize and conduct their lecture series on American Philosophy. It has been an interesting if trying experience, and I must say that the process of organizing it has given me a special respect for the patience and administrative capacities of those who have the task year in year out. Of course there were special difficulties in the way of importing so many people from the United States (especially since the Institute does not have the funds needed to bring them over), but if the series was to be on American Philosophy—whatever that is—it seemed especially appropriate that the lectures be given predominantly by Americans who have made a special study of the subject— again, whatever that is. We may, of course, end with the conclusion that there is no such distinctive subject, and that the name ‘American Philosophy’ is as nominal as a name can be, but that, we should note, is something to be found out, not a conclusion dictated in advance.
Serum levels of HER-2neu (C-erbB-2) correlate with overexpression of p185neu in human ovarian cancer (1993)

Serum and tissue levels of neu correlate in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Blind Super-Resolution from Multiple Undersampled Images using Sampling Diversity. (2010)

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Prof. Andrew Yagle, for recommending this exciting research topic, for his guidance, and for his patience and support. I would also like to thank my thesis committee members, Prof. Fessler, Prof. Noll, and Prof. Moghaddam for their valuable time, input and suggestions.