gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variation of <i>Citrus Tristeza Virus</i> Isolates from California and Spain: Evidence for Mixed Infections and Recombination (2001)

We examined the population structure and genetic variation of four genomic regions within and between 30 Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates from Spain and California. Our analyses showed that most isolates contained a population of sequence variants, with one being predominant. Four isolates showed two major sequence variants in some genomic regions. The two major variants of three of these isolates showed very low nucleotide identity to each other but were very similar to those of other isolates, suggesting the possibility of mixed infections with two divergent isolates. Incongruencies of phylogenetic relationships in the different genomic regions and statistical analyses suggested that the genomes of some CTV sequence variants originated by recombination events between diverged sequence variants. No correlation was observed between geographic origin and nucleotide distance, and thus from a genetic view, the Spanish and Californian isolates analyzed here could be considered members of the same population.
Half- and Full-Bridge Modular Multilevel Converter Models for Simulations of Full-Scale HVDC Links and Multiterminal DC Grids (2014)

This paper presents an improved electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation model for the half- and full-bridge modular multilevel converters (MMCs) that can be used for full-scale simulation of multilevel high-voltage dc (HVDC) transmission systems, with hundreds of cells per arm. The presented models employ minimum software overhead within their EMT parts to correctly represent MMCs behavior during dc network faults when converter switching devices are blocked. The validity and scalabilities of the presented models are demonstrated using open-loop simulations of the half- and full-bridge MMCs, and closed-loop simulation of a full-scale HVDC link, with 201 cells per arm that equipped with basic HVDC controllers, including that for suppression of the second harmonic currents in the converter arms. The results obtained from both demonstrations have shown that the presented models are able to accurately simulate the typical behavior of the MMC during normal, and ac and dc network faults.
Effects of size and frequency dispersion in plasmonic cloaking (2008)

The plasmonic venue to realize invisibility and cloaking [A. Alù and N. Engheta, Phys. Rev. E 72, 016623 (2005)] is analyzed here in terms of its limitations and its frequency dispersion relative to the cloak size. Intrinsic limits due to causality and comparison with transformation-based cloaking techniques are discussed and analyzed. An interestingly simple low-dispersion cloak is also suggested for background materials with larger refractive index. These results may shed light on this scattering cancellation phenomenon, suggesting potential applications in scattering reduction and noninvasive probing.
CYTOCHROME (1953)

Journal Article CYTOCHROME Get access D. KEILIN, F.R.S., D. KEILIN, F.R.S. Molteno Institute of Biology and Parasitology University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. C. SLATER, Ph.D. E. C. SLATER, Ph.D. Molteno Institute of Biology and Parasitology University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 9, Issue 2, 1953, Pages 89–96, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a074346 Published: 01 May 1953
An active power synchronization control loop for grid-connected converters (2014)

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power systems requires new control systems that provide services similar to those of conventional generators. This paper proposes an active power controller that is able to automatically achieve synchronization with the grid and to control the DC link voltage. Through this controller, the converter can be identified with a virtual synchronous generator whose kinetic energy is stored in the DC link. Moreover, the active power loop becomes a second order system whose damping can be programmed freely.
Effect of LAK cells against three-dimensional tumor tissue. In vitro study using multi-cellular human glioma spheroids as targets. (1989)

The anti-tumor mechanisms of local LAK cell therapy are difficult to study in vivo. We describe a method to study in vitro the action of LAK cells against three-dimensional tumor tissue. Spherical cell aggregates (spheroids) grown from human glioma cell lines H-2 and U-251 were labeled with 51Cr and then incubated for up to 24 h with LAK cells. After the incubation, most spheroids were still macroscopically identifiable, and the measured reduction of volume did not correlate to the extent of damage. LAK cells infiltrated into spheroid tissue slowly as a frontier which explains why the specific 51Cr release was clearly slower from spheroids than corresponding single cell suspensions. The infiltrated area was at 1 to 2 h very thin but by 8 to 12 h consisted already of several cell layers. Most H-2 spheroids became totally infiltrated by 16 to 24 h whereas in U-251 spheroids the infiltration usually remained peripheral. In accordance with the different extent of infiltration, H-2 spheroids were clearly more sensitive to LAK cells than U-251 spheroids: at E/T ratio 10:1 the mean specific 51Cr release by 24 h was 63 and 36%, respectively. A single exposure to LAK cells released 51Cr from H-2 spheroids approximately 12 h but over 24 h from U-251 spheroids. The spheroid model can be used to study the infiltrative capacity and cytotoxicity of LAK cells against three-dimensional tumor tissue, and the method may help to find an optimal mode of local LAK cell therapy, i.e., proper combination of lymphokines and LAK cells, and proper timing of their administration.
Polyatomic photonic crystal waveguides with semi-slow light and tailored dispersion properties (2011)

In this work, the slow light modes of the polyatomic photonic crystal (PhC) which has multiple different holes in the smallest unit cell are investigated. The slow light waveguide with nearly constant group index over large bandwidth is achieved using this new photonic crystal geometry based on square lattice. The feasibility of controlling the dispersion relation through subtle structural modification is also investigated.
Prospective Comparison of Clinical and Genomic Multivariate Predictors of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer (2010)

Three conceptually different predictors performed similarly in this validation study and tended to identify the same patients as responders. A genomic predictor that relied solely on a composite of individual drug sensitivity predictions from cell lines did not show any predictive value.
[Value of latex agglutination test in the diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in children]. (2011)

The cryptococcal latex agglutination test of cerebrospinal fluid is valuable for the quick and early diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis; however, the decision of withdrawal of antifungal treatment should not rely on the results of the test.
Mechanisms for database intrusion detection and response (2008)

Data represent today a valuable asset for companies and organizations and must be protected. Most of an organization's sensitive and proprietary data resides in a Database Management System (DBMS). The focus of this thesis is to develop advanced security solutions for protecting the data residing in a DBMS. Our strategy is to develop an Intrusion Detection (ID) mechanism, implemented within the database server, that is capable of detecting anomalous user requests to a DBMS. The key idea is to learn profiles of users and applications interacting with a database. A database request that deviates from these profiles is then termed as anomalous. A major component of this work involves prototype implementation of this ID mechanism in the Post-greSQL database server. We also propose to augment the ID mechanism with an Intrusion Response engine that is capable of issuing an appropriate response to an anomalous database request.
EFFECTS OF A COMPETITIVE MARATHON RACE ON SYSTEMIC NEUTROPHIL MOBILIZATION AND ACTIVATION (2003)

Peripheral venous blood and urine samples were obtained from 10 male runners aged 31.7±5.0 (mean±SD) years before and after a 42.195-km marathon race. The mean finishing time was 2 h 37 min (range 2 h 33 min to 2 h 41 min). Total and differential leukocyte counts were determined as described before (1). Plasma and urine concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lactoferrin (LTF) as markers of neutrophil activation, and interleukin (IL)-6 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (3).
Starch phosphorylase: Role in starch metabolism and biotechnological applications (2009)

The alpha-glucan phosphorylases of the glycosyltransferase family are important enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The plant alpha-glucan phosphorylase, commonly called starch phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1), is largely known for the phosphorolytic degradation of starch. Starch phosphorylase catalyzes the reversible transfer of glucosyl units from glucose-1-phosphate to the nonreducing end of alpha-1,4-D-glucan chains with the release of phosphate. Two distinct forms of starch phosphorylase, plastidic phosphorylase and cytosolic phosphorylase, have been consistently observed in higher plants. Starch phosphorylase is industrially useful and a preferred enzyme among all glucan phosphorylases for phosphorolytic reactions for the production of glucose-1-phosphate and for the development of engineered varieties of glucans and starch. Despite several investigations, the precise functional mechanisms of its characteristic multiple forms and the structural details are still eluding us. Recent discoveries have shed some light on their physiological substrates, precise biological functions, and regulatory aspects. In this review, we have highlighted important developments in understanding the role of starch phosphorylases and their emerging applications in industry.
Reduction reaction of native oxide at the initial stage of GeH4 chemical vapor deposition on (100) Si (1990)

The existence of offset time t0 for the Ge deposition is found at the initial stage of Ge epitaxial growth on the Si(100) surface. The t0 is measured for various GeH4 pressures and Si surface conditions. From this investigation, it was determined that the t0 corresponded to the period for the reduction reaction of surface native Si oxide. It was concluded that the two surface SixO molecules were reduced by one GeH4 molecule.
Variation in peptide net production and growth among strains of the toxic cyanobacterium<b><i>Planktothrix</i></b>spp. (2009)

Cyanobacteria frequently form mass developments in surface waters. Populations consist of strains that differ in the production of bioactive peptides, e.g. microcystins (MC) inhibiting protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and anabaenopeptins (APN) inhibiting carboxypeptidases. Forty-nine strains (18 green-pigmented (phycocyanin-rich) P. agardhii strains and 31 red-pigmented (phycoerythrin-rich) P. rubescens strains) of the filamentous cyanobacterium Planktothrix (Anagnostidis et Komarék) were analysed for their MC and APN net production rates. These rates were compared with (i) the pigmentation, (ii) the proportion of extra- and intracellular peptide concentrations and (iii) the cellular growth rates under standardized laboratory conditions. Excluding the strains lacking MC and APN, the MC and APN contents varied up to 14-fold and 12-fold, each. The variation in minimum and maximum peptide content (0.32–4.51 µg MC mg−1 dry weight; 0.85–10.32 µg APN mg−1 dry weight) exceeded the variation found for chlorophyll a (4.8–16.9 µg mg−1 dry weight). The extracellular proportions of MC (0–62%) and APN (0–58%) varied among strains, however, on average, proportions of extracellular MC and APN were low (MC: 8.8 ± (1 SE) 1.9%, APN: 8.4 ± 1.8%). Among all strains cellular growth rates showed a 5-fold variation (0.07–0.33 doublings of dry weight.day−1) and were found independent of the pigmentation and the peptide net production rate. It is concluded that the MC and APN net production rate is not causally related to the cell-division cycle and the synthesis of highest amounts of MC and APN does not constrain cell division.
Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups. XXXIV. Structures of Some Oligosaccharides Produced by Alkaline Degradation of Blood Group A, B, and H Substances<sup>*</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImmunochemical Studies on Blood Groups. XXXIV. Structures of Some Oligosaccharides Produced by Alkaline Degradation of Blood Group A, B, and H Substances*Kenneth O. Lloyd, Elvin A. Kabat, Espriela J. Layug, and Flavio GruezoCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 5, 1489–1501Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00869a007https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00869a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Carbon Dioxide Tension and its Relation to the Quiescence of Spermatozoa in vivo (1940)

There is conflicting opinion concerning the motility of spermatozoa within the generative tract. It has been suggested that a high local tension of carbon dioxide prevents them from becoming motile in the epididymis and vas deferens. The carbon dioxide concentration of various tissues of the rat was studied and found even lower in the generative organs than in liver or skeletal muscle. Furthermore, the concentration of carbon dioxide found in the tissues of the generative tract was much lower than that which is required to immobilize spermatozoa in vitro.
Synthesis and Immunogenicity of a Glycopolymer Conjugate (2010)

A protective β-mannan trisaccharide epitope from the Candida albicans cell wall phosphomannan has been synthesized and activated for copolymerization with acrylamide. The resulting glycopolymer displayed 33 trisaccharide haptens and was derivatized for conjugation to the immunogenic carrier protein, chicken serum albumin. The resulting conjugate achieves a high degree of oligosaccharide substitution while limiting the sites of substitution on the protein. The murine immune response against this conjugate was compared with the response to a trisaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine. The glycopolymer was shown to induce a more robust immune response with higher trisaccharide-specific antibody titers and with a significantly larger proportion of responding mice developing antibodies that bound the target, native cell wall antigen of C. albicans.
Recent developments and potentialities for reducing embryo mortality in ruminants: the role of IFN-t and other cytokines in early pregnancy (1997)

This review considers the potential reduction of embryo mortality in vitro and in vivo in ruminants. Data on cytokines provided by different fields of reproductive immunology and biology were collated. Because of the crucial importance of the local interactions between the embryo and its dam, the expression of growth-factor and cytokine genes was analysed in the embryo proper, trophoblast, oviduct and endometrium by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in sheep and in cattle during the pre- and periimplantation periods. Many deleterious cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and beneficial cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-beta, leukaemia inhibiting factor, colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), granulocyte-macrophage CSF, IL-1, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-tau appeared to be involved in embryo survival in ruminants and other species. Their administration is efficient in a murine experimental model (CBA/J x DBA/2) of embryonic and fetal mortality. For instance, recombinant ovine IFN-tau (roIFN-tau) injected at the moment of implantation drastically reduces embryonic mortality in this model. In ruminants, roIFN-tau and recombinant bovine IFN-tau are very efficient in maintaining progesterone luteal secretion in cyclic animals. The involvement of IFN-tau in the mechanisms of maternal pregnancy recognition are particularly detailed in relation to inhibition of 13,14 dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) pulses and oxytocin uterine receptivity. A synthetic model of the anti-luteolytic effects of IFN-tau on the endometrial cell is proposed. Finally, the particular potential of serum pregnancy-specific proteins (PSPs: PSPB, PSP60, pregnancy-associated glycoprotein) for monitoring embryo survival, with examples given for cattle and sheep is underlined.
Continuous phase quadrature phase shift keyed (CPQPSK) signaling technique (2003)

A continuous phase quadrature-phase-shift-keyed (CPQPSK) modulation technique is presented. This method uses a conventional QPSK-modulated signal and a phase trajectory converter to obtain nearly constant envelope amplitude and continuous phase trajectories. A computer simulation program, MODEM, is used to simulate the CPQPSK signaling technique. It is concluded that this technique is particularly useful in building a high data rate transmitter for existing QPSK communication systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Designing auditory display of heart rate variability in biofeedback context (2015)

Presented at the 21st International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD2015), July 6-10, 2015, Graz, Styria, Austria.
Radiation dose distributions in normal tissue adjacent to tumors containing (131)I or (90)Y: the potential for toxicity. (2002)

This study showed that when absorbed doses to tumors are large, the absorbed dose to adjacent tissues can also be large, potentially causing unexpected toxicities.
Hoe 140 a new potent and long acting bradykinin‐antagonist:<i>in vivo</i>studies (1991)

1. The potency, duration of action and tolerability of Hoe 140, a novel and highly potent bradykinin (BK) antagonist in vitro, has been tested in different in vivo models and compared with the well-known BK antagonist D-Arg-[Hyp2, Thi5,8, D-Phe7]BK. 2. Hoe 140 is highly potent and long acting in inhibiting BK-induced hypotensive responses in the rat. Four hours after s.c. administration of 20 nmol kg-1, inhibition still amounted to 60% whereas the effect of 200 nmol kg-1 of D-Arg-[Hyp2, Thi5,8, D-Phe7]BK was not significant. 3. BK-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs was strongly inhibited by Hoe 140. The magnitude and duration of inhibition confirmed the findings obtained in the blood pressure experiments in the rat. 4. Carrageenin-induced inflammatory oedema of the rat paw was considerably inhibited at i.v. doses between 0.1 and 1 mg kg-1. 5. In conscious dogs, intravenous doses of 0.01 and 0.1 mg kg-1 of Hoe 140 and D-Arg-[Hyp2, Thi5,8, D-Phe7]BK were well tolerated. At doses of 1 mg kg-1 adverse effects occurred that were attributed to the residual BK agonistic activity of both compounds. 6. Hoe 140 has been shown to be a highly potent and long acting BK antagonist in vivo in different animal species and models. This makes it appropriate to investigate further the physiological and pathophysiological role of BK.
Antioxidant Tempol Enhances Hypothermic Cerebral Preservation during Prolonged Cardiac Arrest in Dogs (2002)

The authors are systematically exploring pharmacologic preservation for temporarily unresuscitable exsanguination cardiac arrest in dogs. They hypothesized that the antioxidant Tempol improves cerebral outcome when added to aortic saline flush at the start of cardiac arrest. In study A, no drug (n = 8), Tempol 150 mg/kg (n = 4), or Tempol 300 mg/kg (n = 4) was added to 25 mL/kg saline flush at 24 degrees C (achieving mild cerebral hypothermia) at the start of 20-minute cardiac arrest. In study B, no drug (n = 8) or Tempol 300 mg/kg (n = 7) was added to 50 mL/kg saline flush at 2 degrees C (achieving moderate cerebral hypothermia) at the start of 40-minute cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest was reversed with cardiopulmonary bypass. Mild hypothermia lasted for 12 hours, controlled ventilation was sustained to 24 hours, and intensive care was provided for up to 72 hours. In study A, overall performance category 1 or 2 (good outcome) was achieved in all eight dogs treated with Tempol compared with three of eight dogs in the control group ( P = 0.03). In study B, good outcome was achieved in all seven dogs treated with Tempol versus only two of 8 dogs in the control group ( P = 0.007). In both studies, neurologic deficit scores were significantly better in the Tempol group, but not total histologic damage scores. At 72 hours, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of Tempol revealed direct evidence for its presence in the brain. Single- and double-strand DNA damage, nitrotyrosine immunostaining, total antioxidant reserve, and ascorbate acid levels were similar between groups, and thiol levels were decreased after Tempol in study B. The authors conclude that when added to aortic saline flush at the start of prolonged cardiac arrest, the antioxidant Tempol can enhance mild or moderate hypothermic cerebral preservation in terms of improved functional outcome. The mechanisms involved in this beneficial effect need further clarification.