gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High Resolution Radar for Short Range Automotive Applications (1998)

Most microwave sensors in the commercial market make use of Doppler effect in order to determine motion, velocity and direction of motion. If fixed object range information is required, the FMCW approach would be applicable, however, the hardware and processing (both analog and digital) efforts are extensive, especially for short range applications. Thus, a new short range radar transceiver sensor architecture has been developed which is capable of precise detection of object range and velocity down to a 15 cm distance. The new architecture has a broad range of industrial and commercial measurement applications and is particularly well suited for automotive parking, `stop & go' and air-bag deployment utilization. This technical presentation explores the high resolution radar sensor architecture, the principles of operation, and the component development. The development of the dielectric resonator oscillator, sampling mixer, high speed modulator, and patch antenna are individually reviewed. Operational results are presented which demonstrate the sensors ability to resolve the detection of object range and velocity. The high resolution radar sensor illustrates one of many practical, commercial applications for M/A-COM's semiconductor and subsystems capabilities.
Sol-Gel Process (2016)

The document defines the terms most commonly encountered in the field of polymer reactions and functional polymers. The scope has been limited to terms that are specific to polymer systems. The document is organized into three sections. The first defines the terms relating to reactions of polymers. Names of individual chemical reactions are omitted from the document, even in cases where the reactions are important in the field of polymer reactions. The second section defines the terms relating to polymer reactants and reactive polymeric materials. The third section defines the terms describing functional polymeric materials.
Noncompetitive Antagonism of Glutamate Receptors (1987)

Recent discoveries of potent non-competitive antagonists of glutamate receptors present on excitable cells of vertebrates and invertebrates offer opportunities to the chemical industry for rational development of novel therapeutics and pesticides. The interactions of a number of non-competitive antagonists of locust muscle glutamate receptors with the channels gated by these membrane proteins are described and discussed qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of channel blocking kinetics.
The feasibility of detecting motor and sensory potentials in a sheep model (2006)

To investigate the characteristics of motor, sensory and sensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) of thoracic and lumbar roots, and demonstrate the feasibility of assessing axonal regrowth after the neurotization procedure in a sheep model. Six adult sheep were anaesthetized and placed in a sternal position. The thoracic and lumbar roots from T11 to L5 were identified at their emergence from the vertebral foramen and stimulated. Motor and sensory responses were monitored. Thoracic and lumbar roots were easily identified in all cases. Motor potentials were detected for each stimulated nerve without difficulty. The amplitudes were quite variable, ranging from 100 to 5300 μV. Sensory and SEPs were satisfactorily recorded in only three of the six animals. Sensory amplitudes also varied greatly, ranging from 25 to 120 μV. In three cases, SEPs could not be identified due to motor artefacts. The motor pathway after axonal regrowth in neurotized lumbar roots might easily be explored by proximal electric stimulation of the root, close to the sutured area. Detection of sensory and spinal cord evoked potentials might be improved by the use of curve summation techniques. Specific axonal tracing holds promise of being a useful technique for examining sensory and motor pathway recovery after neurotization in the sheep model.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in Korean population with very high prevalence of maternal Immunity (1992)

In order to asses congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in Korea, five hundred and seventy five pregnant women (mean age 29.5 +/- 3.8 yrs., mean gestational age at test 37.5 +/- 6.7 weeks) visiting the prenatal clinic at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea were studied. CMV IgG antibody was present in 96% (552/575) and IgM antibody was present in 0.7% (4/575) of the pregnant women by the third trimester. Four of 445 cord sera were positive for CMV IgM antibody (0.9%). Urine samples from 514 newborns were tested for the evaluation of congenital CMV infection. Six (1.2%) of 514 newborns excreted CMV in their urine. All the congenitally infected infants had subclinical involvement at birth and during the 12 months of the follow-up period. These results indicate that Korean pregnant women were highly immunized against CMV by the third trimester. Furthermore this study suggests that the rate of congenital CMV infection is relatively as high as rates previously reported from other countries, although there is a very high prevalence of maternal immunity. The incidence of maternal primary infection during pregnancy seems to be rare and therefore most congenital infections in Korea might be following by maternal reactivation or reinfection.
Electro-optical bistability in strained In<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As/Al0.15Ga0.85As multiple quantum wells (1990)

Using photocurrent spectroscopy, we have studied optical absorption properties of strained InxGa1−xAs/Al0.15Ga0.85As multiple quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy in the presence of electric fields perpendicular to the heterointerface. In the wavelength region where the bulk GaAs substrate is transparent, we observe the quantum confined Stark effect. Optical bistability of a self-electro-optic effect device is demonstrated at room temperature without removal of the GaAs substrate.
Brillouin zone spin filtering mechanism of enhanced tunneling magnetoresistance and correlation effects in a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>Co</mml:mtext><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>0001</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>h</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mtext>-BN</mml:mtext><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mtext>Co</mml:mtext><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>0001</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math>magnetic tunnel junction (2015)

The Brillouin zone spin filtering mechanism of enhanced tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is described for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) and studied for an example of the MTJ with hcp Co electrodes and hexagonal BN $(h$-BN) spacer. Our calculations based on the local density approximation of density-functional theory (LDA-DFT) for $\text{Co}(0001)/h\text{-BN}/\text{Co}(0001)$ MTJ predict high TMR in this device due to Brillouin zone filtering mechanism. Owning to the specific complex band structure of the $h$-BN the spin-dependent tunneling conductance of the system is ultrasensitive to small variations of the Fermi energy position inside the BN band gap. Doping of the BN and, consequentially, changing the Fermi energy position could lead to variation of the TMR by several orders of magnitude. We show also that taking into account correlation effects on beyond DFT level is required to accurately describe position of the Fermi level and thus transport properties of the system. Our study suggests that new MTJ based on hcp Co-Pt or Co-Pd disordered alloy electrodes and $p$-doped hexagonal BN spacer is a promising candidate for the spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random-access memory.
Ionic behaviours in silicone oil (1980)

Transient currents in silicone oils with various kinematic viscosities were measured by a thin film tunnel emitter method. A current peak or shoulder which showed the carrier transit time was observed after application of a rectangular pulse voltage to a tunnel emitter. The carrier mobility calculated from these transit times varied from 10-3 to 10-7 cm2 V-1 s-1 with temperature and kinematic viscosity. In the viscous range lower than 100 cSt Walden's rule held good in the relation of carrier mobility and viscosity, while over the viscous range higher than 100 cSt the carrier mobility and its activation energy were nearly constant in spite of variation of viscosity.
Improved thermal and mechanical properties of polybenzoxazines based on alkyl-substituted aromatic amines (2000)

The thermal and mechanical properties of polybenzoxazine thermoset networks containing varying amounts of phenolic Mannich bridges, arylamine Mannich bridges, and methylene bridges have been investigated. In materials based on m-toluidine and 3,5-xylidine, the onset of thermal degradation is delayed until around 350 °C with no significant effect on the final char yield. The first of the three weight-loss events usually seen in aromatic amine-based polybenzoxazines is absent in these two materials. Materials with additional amounts of arylamine Mannich bridges and methylene bridges show improved mechanical properties, including higher crosslink densities and rubbery plateau moduli. Correlations between the observed mechanical properties and network structures are established. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 3289–3301, 2000
Dispersion polymerization of styrene: Effect of surfactant (1981)

Abstract The influence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a steric stabilizer, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an electrostatic stabilizer, on the stability of styrene dispersion polymerized systems was studied. It was shown that in stabilization by PVA there was pronounced bridging of the submicron emulsion particles to 10‐μ dispersion particles and that the emulsion particles could not be washed off. In SDS stabilization, on the other hand, the emulsion formed was easily washed off because bridging with SDS does not occur. The surface tension of the aqueous phase measured during polymerization showed different characteristics for stable and unstable systems.
A fully Synchronous Circuit design for embedded DRAM (1996)

A fully synchronous circuit for embedded DRAMs is presented. It realizes accurate DRAM timing control, and easy timing adjustment. Using the circuit, software switching of the control timing is realized without difficulty. Providing handshake signals to on-chip memory-controller simplifies the memory-controller circuit in a CPU embedded DRAM. 1.
Hierarchical Access Control for SDP-IoT (2020)

In this paper, we describe how to apply the SDP protocol to IoT networks (let's refer to it as SDP-IoT) to defend against DDoS(Distributed Denial of Service) attacks, one of the biggest security issues in IoT networks. However, in SDP-IoT, since the control server manages all devices connected to the network, invasion of privacy and big brother problems may occur. In order to solve it, this paper proposes a hierarchical access control method and proposes a method to apply it to SDP-IoT.
Tn5-induced protease-deficient strains of Aeromonas hydrophila with reduced virulence for fish (1988)

Protease-deficient strains of Aeromonas hydrophila TF7 were induced by transposon Tn5 mutagenesis, with Escherichia coli 1830(pJB4JI) as the Tn5 donor. The parent strain has the cell surface characteristics associated with virulence for fish, and as it produces a single metalloprotease, mutants could be distinguished by direct plating on brain-heart infusion skim milk agar. Mutants Pd-7 and Pd-10 still produced metalloprotease, but at reduced levels and only after prolonged incubation. The activities of other exoenzymes and hemolysin were unaffected, and the mutants autoagglutinated in broth, indicating that the cell surface characteristics of A. hydrophila TF7 had been retained. Unlike the parent strain, the mutants did not produce lesions or mortalities in rainbow trout (Salmo gairneri) when 5 X 10(6) CFU were injected intramuscularly. The bacterial cells were completely cleared from the site of the injection and the organs within 7 days. For 60-g rainbow trout held at 10 degrees C, the 50% lethal dose of Pd-10 was greater than 10(7) CFU, compared with 8.1 X 10(5) CFU for the parent strain. The mutants were significantly more susceptible than the parent strain to the bactericidal effect of fresh normal trout serum in vitro. Mutants Pd-7 and Pd-10 grew as well as the parent on M9 salts-glucose medium but more slowly on heat-inactivated fish serum. Thus, protease appears to be able to contribute to the establishment of A. hydrophila infection in fish both by overcoming initial host defenses and by providing nutrients for cell proliferation.
Feasibility of Early Discharge After Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Procedures (2012)

ICD implantation with same-day discharge is reasonable in patients at low risk for complications. Remote monitoring can be useful in indicating lead-parameter stability during the immediate postoperative period.
Estimation of the statistical error and the choice of parameters in the method of test particles (2012)

Article Estimation of the statistical error and the choice of parameters in the method of test particles was published on March 1, 2012 in the journal Russian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling (volume 27, issue 2).
The regenerative capacity of the zebrafish heart is dependent on TGFβ signaling (2012)

Mammals respond to a myocardial infarction by irreversible scar formation. By contrast, zebrafish are able to resolve the scar and to regenerate functional cardiac muscle. It is not known how opposing cellular responses of fibrosis and new myocardium formation are spatially and temporally coordinated during heart regeneration in zebrafish. Here, we report that the balance between the reparative and regenerative processes is achieved through Smad3-dependent TGFβ signaling. The type I receptor alk5b (tgfbr1b) is expressed in both fibrotic and cardiac cells of the injured heart. TGFβ ligands are locally induced following cryoinjury and activate the signaling pathway both in the infarct area and in cardiomyocytes in the vicinity of the trauma zone. Inhibition of the relevant type I receptors with the specific chemical inhibitor SB431542 qualitatively altered the infarct tissue and completely abolished heart regeneration. We show that transient scar formation is an essential step to maintain robustness of the damaged ventricular wall prior to cardiomyocyte replacement. Taking advantage of the reversible action of the inhibitor, we dissected the multifunctional role of TGFβ signaling into three crucial processes: collagen-rich scar deposition, Tenascin C-associated tissue remodeling at the infarct-myocardium interface, and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Thus, TGFβ signaling orchestrates the beneficial interplay between scar-based repair and cardiomyocyte-based regeneration to achieve complete heart regeneration.
Efficient scheduling algorithms for real-time multiprocessor systems (1990)

Efficient scheduling algorithms based on heuristic functions are developed for scheduling a set of tasks on a multiprocessor system. The tasks are characterized by worst-case computation times, deadlines, and resources requirements. Starting with an empty partial schedule, each step of the search extends the current partial schedule by including one of the tasks yet to be scheduled. The heuristic functions used in the algorithm actively direct the search for a feasible schedule, i.e. they help choose the task that extends the current partial schedule. Two scheduling algorithms are evaluated by simulation. To extend the current partial schedule, one of the algorithms considers, at each step of the search, all the tasks that are yet to be scheduled as candidates. The second focuses its attention on a small subset of tasks with the shortest deadlines. The second algorithm is shown to be very effective when the maximum allowable scheduling overhead is fixed. This algorithm is hence appropriate for dynamic scheduling in real-time systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Long-Range Untethered Real-Time Live Gas Main Robotic Inspection System (2004)

Under funding from the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Northeast Gas Association (NGA), Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) developed an untethered, wireless remote controlled inspection robot dubbed Explorer. The project entailed the design and prototyping of a wireless self-powered video-inspection robot capable of accessing live 6- and 8-inch diameter cast-iron and steel mains, while traversing turns and Ts and elbows under real-time control with live video feedback to an operator. The design is that of a segmented actively articulated and wheel-leg powered robot design, with fisheye imaging capability and self-powered battery storage and wireless real-time communication link. The prototype was functionally tested in an above ground pipe-network, in order to debug all mechanical, electrical and software subsystems, and develop the necessary deployment and retrieval, as well as obstacle-handling scripts. A pressurized natural gas test-section was used to certify it for operation in natural gas at up to 60 psig. Two subsequent live-main field-trials in both cast-iron and steel pipe, demonstrated its ability to be safely launched, operated and retrieved under real-world conditions. The system's ability to safely and repeatably exidrecover from angled and vertical launchers, traverse multi-thousand foot long pipe-sections, make T and varied-angle elbow-turns while wirelessly sending live video and handling command and control messages, was clearly demonstrated. Video-inspection was clearly shown to be a viable tool to understand the state of this critical buried infrastructure, irrespective of low- (cast-iron) or high-pressure (steel) conditions. This report covers the different aspects of specifications, requirements, design, prototyping, integration and testing and field-trialing of the Explorer platform.
2014 교육감 주민직선 결과 및 쟁점 분석 (2014)

이 논문은 2014년 6월 4일 실시된 교육감 주민직접 선거의 결과를 분석하고, 선거를 전후하여 나타난 쟁점에 대한 판단과 입법 정책적 제언을 위하여 수행되었다. 교육감 선 거제도에 대한 판단 준거는 헌법적근거와 제도적 운영원리 측면에서 검토하였다. 연구 방법적으로는 교육감 선거 제도의 헌법적 기초에 대한 학설과 판례를 분석하는 법해석적접근과 동시에, 교육감 선거 결과 및 유권자 인식분석 결과를 활용한 법사회학 적 접근을 병행하여, 이른바 교육법학적 논의를 시도하였다. 교육감 선거의 문제상황 및 제도사적 변천을 통해 문제의 핵심과 제도의 특징을 규명하였고, 선거방법에 대한 판단 의 준거로서 헌법학적, 교육행정학적 논거를 제시했다. 전자의 관점에서는 헌법학계의 견해와 헌법재판소의 판례를 바탕으로 민주주의·지방자치·교육자치 정신간의 조화를 제 시했고, 후자의 관점에서는 교육행정학계의 견해를 바탕으로 교육자치제도 4대 원리인 지방분권·주민통제·자주성 존중·전문적 관리의 원리에 입각하여 판단토록 하였다. 선거결과는 투표율 및 득표현황, 당선자의 특성 분석, 선거공약에 대한 논의, 유권자 의식 등으로 나누어 분석하였고, 기본 자료는 중앙 및 지역선거관리위원회에 근거했다. 선거 실시 결과 보수와 진보 비율이 4:13으로 불균형 적인 결과를 낳았고, 그 주된 원 인으로, 진보성향의 후보단일화와 보수성향의 후보 병립 영향, 진보 성향 교육감에 대한 주민의 기대, 가로 열거형 순환 배열 방식에 따른 순번효과의 상쇄 등을 지적했다. 주요 쟁점은 네 가지로 설정하였는데, 규범적 타당성 논란으로서 한국교총의 직선제 위헌론과 지방자치발전위원회의 교육자치 폐지론을 다루었고, 사실적 실효성 측면에서 법개정 효과(투표용지, 자격제한)를 논하였다. 결론으로서 주민 직선제를 종합 평가하였고 향후 입법정책적 과제로서 선거홍보의 강화와 선거비용의 절감을 제안했다.
Extensive localization of long noncoding RNAs to the cytosol and mono- and polyribosomal complexes (2014)

Most studies on lncRNAs have focused on the regulatory function of these transcripts in the nucleus. We demonstrate that only a minority of all lncRNAs are nuclear enriched. Our findings suggest that many lncRNAs may have a function in cytoplasmic processes, and in particular in ribosome complexes.
Global effects of homocysteine on transcription in Escherichia coli: induction of the gene for the major cold-shock protein, CspA (2006)

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a thiol-containing amino acid that is considered to be medically important because it is linked to the development of several life-threatening diseases in humans, including cardiovascular disease and stroke. It inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli when supplied in the growth medium. Growth inhibition is believed to arise as a result of partial starvation for isoleucine, which occurs because Hcy perturbs the biosynthesis of this amino acid. This study attempted to further elucidate the inhibitory mode of action of Hcy by examining the impact of exogenously supplied Hcy on the transcriptome. Using gene macroarrays the transcript levels corresponding to 68 genes were found to be reproducibly altered in the presence of 0.5 mM Hcy. Of these genes, the biggest functional groups affected were those involved in translation (25 genes) and in amino acid metabolism (19 genes). Genes involved in protection against oxidative stress were repressed in Hcy-treated cells and this correlated with a decrease in catalase activity. The gene showing the strongest induction by Hcy was cspA, which encodes the major cold-shock protein CspA. RT-PCR and reporter fusion experiments confirmed that cspA was induced by Hcy. Induction of cspA by Hcy was not caused by nutritional upshift, a stimulus known to induce CspA expression, nor was it dependent on the presence of a functional CspA protein. The induction of cspA by Hcy was suppressed when isoleucine was included in the growth medium. These data suggest that the induction of CspA expression in the presence of Hcy occurs because of a limitation for isoleucine. The possibility that Hcy-induced cspA expression is triggered by translational stalling that occurs when the cells are limited for isoleucine is discussed.
Towards Smart Equity Factor Indices: <i>Harvesting Risk Premia without Taking Unrewarded Risks</i> (2014)

This article argues that current smart-beta investment approaches provide only a partial answer to the main shortcomings of capitalization-weighted indices and develops a new approach to equity investing, which the authors refer to as smart-factor investing. The authors then provide an assessment of the benefits of simultaneously addressing the two main problems of cap-weighted indices—their undesirable factor exposures and their heavy concentration—by constructing factor indices that explicitly seek exposures to rewarded risk factors, while diversifying away unrewarded risks. The results suggest that such smart-factor indices lead to considerable improvements in risk-adjusted performance. For long-term U.S. data, smart-factor indices for a range of different factor tilts consistently outperform cap-weighted, factor-tilted indices. Compared with the broad cap-weighted index, smart-factor indices roughly double the risk-adjusted return (Sharpe ratio). Outperformance of such indices persists at levels ranging from 2.92% to 4.46% annually, even when assuming unrealistically high transaction costs. Moreover, by providing explicit tilts to consensual factors, such indices improve upon many current smart-beta offerings where, more often than not, factor tilts exist as unintended consequences of ad hoc methodologies. <bold>TOPICS:</bold> <ext-link>Analysis of individual factors/risk premia</ext-link>, <ext-link>factor-based models</ext-link>, <ext-link>portfolio construction</ext-link>
Effects of prior administration of Sn(II) complexes on in vivo distribution of 99mTc-pertechnetate. (1976)

This report evaluates the effect of prior administration of several clinically used Sn(II)-containing agents on in vivo distribution of 99mTc. Abnormal binding of 99mTc to red blood cells can occur after administration of pertechnetate to patients who have previously received tin-containing agents. Increased blood levels of tin from other causes may have similar effects.