gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gaming control using a wearable and wireless EEG-based brain-computer interface device with novel dry foam-based sensors (2012)

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system that can help users interact with the outside environment by translating brain signals into machine commands. The use of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals has become the most common approach for a BCI because of their usability and strong reliability. Many EEG-based BCI devices have been developed with traditional wet- or micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS)-type EEG sensors. However, those traditional sensors have uncomfortable disadvantage and require conductive gel and skin preparation on the part of the user. Therefore, acquiring the EEG signals in a comfortable and convenient manner is an important factor that should be incorporated into a novel BCI device. In the present study, a wearable, wireless and portable EEG-based BCI device with dry foam-based EEG sensors was developed and was demonstrated using a gaming control application. The dry EEG sensors operated without conductive gel; however, they were able to provide good conductivity and were able to acquire EEG signals effectively by adapting to irregular skin surfaces and by maintaining proper skin-sensor impedance on the forehead site. We have also demonstrated a real-time cognitive stage detection application of gaming control using the proposed portable device. The results of the present study indicate that using this portable EEG-based BCI device to conveniently and effectively control the outside world provides an approach for researching rehabilitation engineering.
A compact Ti:sapphire femtosecond pulse amplifier without stretcher at high repetition rate (2003)

We report a simple approach to amplify Ti:sapphire femtosecond pulses to moderate energy levels by a chirped regenerative amplifier. The seed pulses are broaden naturally because of the material dispersion of system components in regenerative cavity. The off-focusing Ti:sapphire crystal avoids effectively the optical damage. It sustains amplification over a wavelength range from 775 nm to more than 810 nm with a birefringent filter and an oscillation bandwidth of 7.7 nm, and produces 2.1 ps chirped output pulse energy of 100 ?J at 1.1-mJ pumping energy. This system shows good performances in stability and efficiency with the benefits of two thin-film polarizers and TEM00 mode pumping laser.
Engineered Autonomous Human Variable Domains (2016)

Recent findings enable the construction of highly diverse libraries enriched in aggregation-resistant variants that are expected to provide binders to diverse antigens. Engineered domain antibodies possess unique advantages in expression, epitope preference and flexibility of formatting over conventional immunoreagents and are a promising class of antibody fragments for biomedical development.
Recent trends in Sydney's population. (1999)

"In the summer 1990 issue of this journal the author published a...paper on Sydney's [Australia] population geography. The profile drawn in that paper was Sydney as of the mid-1980s. The aim of the present article is to provide readers with an up-date on that profile, examining the demographic evolution of the city over the past decade...." Aspects considered include population growth, internal patterns of population change, ethnic composition, health and age distribution.
3.5 A 56Gb/s NRZ-electrical 247mW/lane serial-link transceiver in 28nm CMOS (2016)

With the rapid growth of data traffic in data centers, data rates over 50Gb/s/signal (e.g., OIF-CEI-56G-VSR) will eventually be required in wireline chip-to-module or chip-to-chip communications [1-3]. To achieve better power efficiency than that of existing 25Gb/s/signal designs, a high-speed yet energy-efficient front-end is needed in both the transmitter and receiver. A receiver front-end with baud-rate architecture [1] has been successfully operated at 56Gb/s, but additional components such as eye-monitoring comparators, phase detectors, and clock recovery circuitry as well as a power-efficient transmitter are needed to build a complete transceiver.
Assessing Uncertainty in Channelized Reservoirs Using Experimental Designs (2003)

Summary It is well established that uncertainty exists in simulated recovery forecasts because of the ambiguity in the measurement and representation of the reservoir and geologic parameters. This is especially true for immature projects, such as deepwater reservoirs, where the high cost of data limits the information that is available to build reservoir models. We present two strategies based on Experimental Design (ED) to quantitatively assess this uncertainty in recovery predictions for primary and waterflood processes. We apply the ED methodology to channelized sandstone systems because of their relevance to many deepwater projects. We choose to study synthetic geological analogs of channelized systems that are built from a panoply of relevant parameters while taking into account the uncertainty that exists in the estimation of their ranges. We use the results of this study to generate type curves with neural networks. The trained neural networks can be used to predict reservoir performance rapidly where field data are very limited. We discuss applications of this methodology on field cases from western Africa.
Structure et synthèse de la damascénone (triméthyl‐2,6,6‐<i>trans</i>‐crotonoyl‐1‐cyclohexadiène‐1,3), constituant odorant de l'essence de rose bulgare (<i>rosa damascena</i> Mill. (1970)

Abstract Damascenone DORICENONE (trade mark applied for by Firmenich & Cie , Geneva). an odoriferous ketone isolated in minute amounts from Bulgarian rose oil ( Rosa damascena Mill .) is shown to be trans ‐2,6,6‐trimethyl‐1‐crotonoyl‐cyclohexa‐1, 3‐diene (I). A synthesis starting from beta;‐cyclocitral is described for this conspicuous constituent of rose oil, which displays a powerful fragrance. The synthesis of four related, more saturated ketones, damascones DORINONE (trade mark applied for by Firmenich & Cie , Geneva). , is also described.
Targeted Antiangiogenesis Gene Therapy Using Targeted Cationic Microbubbles Conjugated with CD105 Antibody Compared with Untargeted Cationic and Neutral Microbubbles (2015)

As a contrast agent and plasmid carrier, CMB105 can be used not only for targeted ultrasound imaging but also for targeted gene therapy both in vitro and in vivo. The plasmid DNA binding ability of the CMB was not affected by conjugation of the CMB with the CD105 antibody, and because of its targeting ability, the gene transfection efficiency and therapeutic effect were better compared with the untargeted CMB and NMB. The advantages of targeted gene therapy with CMB105 in vivo were more prominent than with CMB or NMB because neither can target the endothelia in vivo.
Validation of the quantitative gated SPECT wall thickening map using the MCAT phantom (2001)

Myocardial wall thickening (WT) is a useful parameter for the assessment of cardiac function. the quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) package from Cedars Sinai produces a polar map of %WT along with other results. This paper seeks to validate the QGS WT map by comparison to an absolute standard provided by a set of voxel phantoms. The mathematical cardiac torso (MCAT) phantom (University of North Carolina) was used to generate realistic thorax phantoms from which simulated SPECT images could be generated. Phantoms with and without clinically realistic perfusion defects were constructed over the cardiac cycle each with a different amount of left ventricular WT (15%, 32%, 51% and 87%). Smoothing was performed using direct 3D convolution with a gaussian kernel (FWHM 20 mm) to simulate gamma camera imaging characteristics. The resulting images were analysed using QGS on an Odyssey workstation (Marconi Medical) and %WT maps were produced. These maps were assessed using a 20 step quantitative colour scale. A total of 24 samples were extracted from each polar map with 8 samples taken from apical, mid and basal slices. The results were then compared to the reference values. The estimates made by QGS for the phantoms with and without a perfusion defect were satisfactory with the largest difference from the reference value being found inn the phantoms with a large %wt value. Thus the QGS package has been shown to estimate wt with acceptable accuracy even in the presence of a clinically significant perfusion defect. (author abstract)
The Metabolic Topography of Normal Aging (1996)

Normal aging is associated with the degeneration of specific neural systems. We used [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)/positron emission tomography (PET) and a statistical model of regional covariation to explore the metabolic topography of this process. We calculated global and regional metabolic rates for glucose (GMR and rCMRglc) in two groups of normal subjects studied independently on different tomographs: Group 1--130 normal subjects (62 men and 68 women; range 21-90 years); Group 2--20 normal subjects (10 men and 10 women; range 24-78 years). In each of the two groups, the Scaled Subprofile Model (SSM) was applied to rCMRglc data to identify specific age-related profiles. The validity of these profiles as aging markers was assessed by correlating the associated subject scores with chronological age in both normal populations. SSM analysis disclosed two significant topographic profiles associated with aging. The first topographic profile, extracted in an analysis of group 1 normals, was characterized by relative frontal hypometabolism associated with covariate metabolic increases in the parietooccipital association areas, basal ganglia, mid-brain, and cerebellum. Subject scores for this profile correlated significantly with age in both normal groups (R2 = 0.48 and 0.33, p < 0.0001 for groups 1 and 2, respectively). Because of clinical similarities between normal motoric aging and parkinsonism, we explored the possibility of shared elements in the metabolic topography of both processes. We performed a combined group SSM analysis of the 20 group 2 normals and 22 age-matched Parkinson's disease patients, and identified another aging-related topographic profile. This profile was characterized by relative basal ganglia hypermetabolism associated with covariate decreases in frontal premotor cortex. Subject scores for this profile also correlated significantly with age in both normal groups (group 1: R2 = 0.30, p < 0.00001; group 2: R2 = 0.59, p < 0.01). Healthy aging is associated with reproducible topographic covariation profiles associated with specific neural systems. FDG/PET may provide a useful metabolic marker of the normal aging process.
Pramipexole protects against MPTP toxicity in non‐human primates (2006)

The neurotoxin MPTP induces nigral dopaminergic cell death in primates and produces a partial model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Pramipexole is a D2/D3 dopamine receptor agonist used in the symptomatic treatment of PD, and which also protects neuronal cells against dopaminergic toxins in vitro. We now demonstrate that pramipexole partially prevents MPTP toxicity in vivo in a primate species. Common marmosets were repeatedly treated with pramipexole either before, coincidentally with, or after low-dose MPTP treatment designed to induce a partial lesion of the substantia nigra. Animals pretreated with pramipexole had a significantly greater number of surviving tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurones in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. Pramipexole pretreatment also prevented degeneration of striatal dopamine terminals. Treatment with pramipexole concurrently with MPTP or following MPTP did not prevent TH-positive cell loss. Pramipexole pretreatment appears to induce adaptive changes that protect against dopaminergic cell loss in primates.
Real-Time Reconstruction of Sensitivity Encoded Radial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using a Graphics Processing Unit (2009)

A barrier to the adoption of non-Cartesian parallel magnetic resonance imaging for real-time applications has been the times required for the image reconstructions. These times have exceeded the underlying acquisition time thus preventing real-time display of the acquired images. We present a reconstruction algorithm for commodity graphics hardware (GPUs) to enable real time reconstruction of sensitivity encoded radial imaging (radial SENSE). We demonstrate that a radial profile order based on the golden ratio facilitates reconstruction from an arbitrary number of profiles. This allows the temporal resolution to be adjusted on the fly. A user adaptable regularization term is also included and, particularly for highly undersampled data, used to interactively improve the reconstruction quality. Each reconstruction is fully self-contained from the profile stream, i.e., the required coil sensitivity profiles, sampling density compensation weights, regularization terms, and noise estimates are computed in real-time from the acquisition data itself. The reconstruction implementation is verified using a steady state free precession (SSFP) pulse sequence and quantitatively evaluated. Three applications are demonstrated; real-time imaging with real-time SENSE 1) or k- t SENSE 2) reconstructions, and 3) offline reconstruction with interactive adjustment of reconstruction settings.
Milk-Cereal-based Composite Complementary Foods and their Storage Stability: A Mini Review (2018)

In developing countries, depending upon the socio-economic situation, the nutritional status of the people is enhanced by encouraging increased use of inexpensive and available protein sources in child feeding. Traditional infant-feeding practiced in countries like India, is usually cereal based. Cereals in combination with milk solids are generally used for the preparation of weaning foods to improve the overall quality. Milk-cereal based complementary food is defined as food obtained from milk and milk solids, variety of cereals, pulses, soybean, millets, nuts and edible oil seeds and may contain other food additives and nutritionally significant minerals and vitamins. The quality of these food products during storage is affected by various factors such as inherent composition and exogenous factors such as packaging materials, head space air quality, storage temperature, humidity and handling. The published information about the milk-cereal based complementary foods along with the changes in the quality during storage has been briefly reviewed. Keywords: Milk-cereal based complementary food, protein sources, child feeding Cite this Article: Narender Raju P, Manoj Kumar CT, Ashish Kumar Singh, et al. Milk-Cereal-based Composite Complementary Foods and their Storage Stability–A Mini Review. Research & Reviews: Journal of Dairy Science and Technology . 2015; 4(1):   1–9p.
ダウノマイシン発酵 : 鉄イオンの特異的生産増強効果と回収・精製法 (1995)

抗腫瘍性抗生物質ダウノマイシンの発酵生産に対する鉄イオンの特異的な増強効果を明らかにするとともに、培養液からのダウノマイシンの回収・精製法を検討した。増強効果は、特に3価鉄イオンが有効で、およそ10mMの添加培養で無添加の4倍の生産力価(およそ300μg/ml)を達成した。関達するダウノマイシン前駆体D788-1発酵生産にはむしろ生産阻害的で、その効果はダウノマイシン発酵に特微的であった。ダウノマイシン培養液を水で3倍に希釈し、リン酸でpHを1.5として液層に酸抽出した後、合成吸着樹脂HP-20カラムに吸着させ、15～50%アセトンの直線濃度勾配溶出をおこない、ついでクロロホルム抽出処理により副成アナログ含有率2.0%以下の高純度ダウノマイシンを取得する方法を確立した。
On the technique of external cardiac compression (1978)

ECG, arterial flow and pressure were recorded during external cardiac compression (ECC) in a patient whose heart had ceased beating. The patient was a 68-year-old female who remained comatose for 2 weeks after an emergency laparotomy for perforated diverticulitis of the colon. She developed sepsis, renal failure, and cardiopulmonary failure. During ECC, the pressure on the sternum was maintained for about 0.5 sec (sustained pressure technique), flow and mean arterial pressure were improved by 32 and 20%, respectively, as compared with flow and pressure obtained with a quick and more jerky compression. During spontaneous heart activity with a low blood pressure, a superimposed ECC improved both flow and mean arterial pressure. Calcium chloride and adrenaline injected into the right atrium increased the tone and contractile power of the heart and greatly improved flow and pressure when the heart was subsequently compressed during asystole.
Multi-user multi-account interaction in groupware supporting single-display collaboration (2009)

Combining support for single display collaboration with support for asynchronous and remote collaboration in one groupware challenges some basic assumptions of application design and brings up new requirements for application platforms. While user accounts are central in many kinds of groupware, the
Hypoxia-ischemia and retinal ganglion cell damage (2008)

Retinal hypoxia is the potentially blinding mechanism underlying a number of sight-threatening disorders including central retinal artery occlusion, ischemic central retinal vein thrombosis, complications of diabetic eye disease and some types of glaucoma. Hypoxia is implicated in loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) occurring in such conditions. RGC death occurs by apoptosis or necrosis. Hypoxia-ischemia induces the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha and its target genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Increased production of VEGF results in disruption of the blood retinal barrier leading to retinal edema. Enhanced expression of NOS results in increased production of nitric oxide which may be toxic to the cells resulting in their death. Excess glutamate release in hypoxic-ischemic conditions causes excitotoxic damage to the RGCs through activation of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Activation of glutamate receptors is thought to initiate damage in the retina by a cascade of biochemical effects such as neuronal NOS activation and increase in intracellular Ca(2+) which has been described as a major contributing factor to RGC loss. Excess production of proinflammatory cytokines also mediates cell damage. Besides the above, free-radicals generated in hypoxic-ischemic conditions result in RGC loss because of an imbalance between antioxidant- and oxidant-generating systems. Although many advances have been made in understanding the mediators and mechanisms of injury, strategies to improve the damage are lacking. Measures to prevent neuronal injury have to be developed.
Resistive Switching Characteristics of Sol–Gel Zinc Oxide Films for Flexible Memory Applications (2009)

Unipolar resistive switching devices are investigated for nonvolatile memory applications in a metal-insulator-metal structure in which the insulator layer is based on sol-gel-derived zinc oxide (ZnO) films prepared by a simple spin-coating process followed by thermal annealing. Fast programming ( les 50 ns) and a high off-to-on resistance ratio ( ges 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> ) is demonstrated. The influences on the switching behaviors according to the crystallinity of the ZnO films are studied as a function of the annealing temperature. In addition, the devices are fabricated on a flexible plastic substrate and exhibit excellent durability upon repeated bending tests, demonstrating their potential for flexible low-cost memory devices.
Algorithm discovery by protein folding game players (2011)

Foldit is a multiplayer online game in which players collaborate and compete to create accurate protein structure models. For specific hard problems, Foldit player solutions can in some cases outperform state-of-the-art computational methods. However, very little is known about how collaborative gameplay produces these results and whether Foldit player strategies can be formalized and structured so that they can be used by computers. To determine whether high performing player strategies could be collectively codified, we augmented the Foldit gameplay mechanics with tools for players to encode their folding strategies as "recipes" and to share their recipes with other players, who are able to further modify and redistribute them. Here we describe the rapid social evolution of player-developed folding algorithms that took place in the year following the introduction of these tools. Players developed over 5,400 different recipes, both by creating new algorithms and by modifying and recombining successful recipes developed by other players. The most successful recipes rapidly spread through the Foldit player population, and two of the recipes became particularly dominant. Examination of the algorithms encoded in these two recipes revealed a striking similarity to an unpublished algorithm developed by scientists over the same period. Benchmark calculations show that the new algorithm independently discovered by scientists and by Foldit players outperforms previously published methods. Thus, online scientific game frameworks have the potential not only to solve hard scientific problems, but also to discover and formalize effective new strategies and algorithms.
The analog floating point technique (2002)

A technique for avoiding signal distortion when applying Compression/Range Switching to circuits with functional State Variables is presented. It is applicable to analog circuits/systems with memory, like Switched Capacitor, Switched Current and Continuous Time filters, /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ Data Converters, Chopper and Lock-in Amplifiers. Distortion free operation is obtained by properly updating the circuit's State Variables. Power consumption is significantly reduced due to the elimination of unnecessary SNR.
Skin probability map and its use in face detection (2002)

This paper is in two parts. The first part quantatively assesses an approach to skin segmentation. The second part describes the development and quantitative assessment of an approach to face detection (FD), with the application of content-based image retrieval in mind. Skin detection is introduced as a front-end to an earlier approach to FD by Huang (1994). The baseline approach searches grey scale images only, and is found to be susceptible to variations in lighting conditions and complex backgrounds. It is hypothesised that by integrating colour information into Huang's approach, the number of false faces can be reduced. A skin probability map (SPM) is generated from a large quantity of labeled data (530 images containing faces and 714 images that do not) and is used to pre-process colour test images. Image regions are then ranked in terms of their skin content, thus removing improbable face regions. The performance improvements are shown in terms of false acceptance (FA) and false rejection (FR) scores. As a front-end to Huang's approach, the benefits of skin segmentation can be seen by a reduction in the FA score from 79% to 15% with a negligible impact on FR.