gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of low-jitter 1-GHz phase-locked loops for digital clock generation (2003)

A 1-GHz phase-locked loop (PLL) is implemented in 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS to generate a 500-MHz clock with 50% duty. The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) combined with the differential charge pump is employed to have low clock skew and better immunity to the noises from supply, ground and substrate. The long-term peak-to-peak jitter of less than 70 psec and 165 psec are achieved for the quiet supply line and for the noisy one modulated by 400-mV/sub p-p/, 500-kHz square wave, respectively. The prototype 1-GHz PLL consumes 55 mW with 3.3-V supply. The PLL with the phase interpolation technique is also investigated and its performance is compared to the standard approach.
Effect of Cortisone Therapy on Serum Complement Components (1973)

Abstract Male guinea pigs weighing 300 to 400 g were given a daily subcutaneous injection of 5, 20 or 100 mg/kg body weight of cortisone acetate. Measurement of serum cortisol demonstrated sustained blood levels proportional to the dose. All nine components of the classical complement pathway were measured by functional assay. At 5 mg/kg/day significant (p &lt; 0.05) changes noted were a 20 and 51% elevation of the CH50 and C1 titers, respectively. C4, C2, and C3–9 complex were higher than saline treated controls but these increases were not statistically significant. High dose glucocorticoid therapy produced a marked depression in the titer of a number of components. At 20 mg/kg/day C4 and C8 titers were most strongly affected although all components except C1 and C9 were at least 15% lower than controls. At 100 mg/kg the titers of all components except C1 and C9 were markedly depressed. During the first 2 weeks of therapy there was a progressive fall in complement followed by stabilization at these lower levels. On discontinuation of therapy 2 weeks were required before the levels of these components returned to normal. Albumin and globulin levels, hematocrit, spleen size, and percentage of weight gain were unaltered by cortisone therapy. There was no effect on hemolytic complement levels by adding hydrocortisone in vitro to guinea pig serum in comparable doses to those obtained in vivo. Thus, altered catabolic and/or synthetic rates are responsible for the cortisone-induced changes in serum complement.
Biological Macromolecules: UV‐visible Spectrophotometry (2001)

Abstract Biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids absorb light in the UV‐visible region of the spectrum. Absorbance measurements are used for measuring concentrations, for the detection of conformational changes and of ligand binding, and for following enzyme reactions.
Cross-linked stem bromelain: A more stabilized active preparation (2007)

Cross-linking of the protease stem bromelain (bromelain) with 0.25 and 1.25% glutaraldehyde (GTA) results in the formation of a large molecular mass, multimeric and soluble aggregate having comparable activity to the unmodified bromelain. Both 0.25 and 1.25% GTA cross-linked (CL) bromelain preparations were more stable against urea, guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) and temperature-induced inactivation, and exhibited slightly better storage stability compared to the unmodified protease. Such a high molecular weight, soluble, active and stable preparation may be useful in industry, i.e. in the textile industry for improving the properties of a fabric without loss of fabric strength and shape.
Curvature analysis of gridded geological surfaces (1998)

Abstract Surface curvature is related to strain and hence fracture density in most lithologies relevant to hydrocarbon exploration, and can be calculated at negligible expense as a surface attribute of horizons mapped on three-dimensional (3D) seismic data. Surfaces mapped using 3D seismic exist as data grids. Direct application of strict mathematical approaches to curvature measurement of gridded data is hindered by several problems inherent to discretized data. The grid node spacing in a horizontal plane is initially equal to the 3D seismic bin spacing and is some arbitrary value greater than the infinitely small mathematical limit, so the measured curvature is also arbitrary. Poor resolution of reflectors gives noise which can be removed by smoothing, but this subjective step impacts subsequent curvature extraction. Fracture distributions also reflect the effect of large- and small-scale fold structures so there is merit in measuring curvature at a range of scales in addition to that defined by the grid node spacing. As curvature varies with direction of measurement, observations in the grid x and y directions alone are unlikely to coincide with the key maximum and minimum curvature values. Resampling a data grid using a large sliding window permits curvature measurement at a range of different wavelengths, and several orientations can be searched in addition to those parallel to the grid axes. Problems which are present regardless of the sample interval include inherent curvature of geological structures, signal aliasing and regional surface tilt relative to the horizontal grid reference plane. Total, or Gaussian, curvature which is the product of the maximum and minimum curvatures may not be the best format for presenting curvature data, as strata characterized by zero total curvature may be significantly strained within cylindrical fold structures. Instead, the sum of the absolute values of the principal curvatures gives a representation of spatial variance in strain due to maximum and double curvature.
RNA Interference Using <i>c-Myc</i> –Conjugated Nanoparticles Suppresses Breast and Colorectal Cancer Models (2015)

In this article, we report the development and preclinical validation of combinatorial therapy for treatment of cancers using RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi technology is an attractive approach to silence genes responsible for disease onset and progression. Currently, the critical challenge facing the clinical success of RNAi technology is in the difficulty of delivery of RNAi inducers, due to low transfection efficiency, difficulties of integration into host DNA and unstable expression. Using the macromolecule polyglycidal methacrylate (PGMA) as a platform to graft multiple polyethyleneimine (PEI) chains, we demonstrate effective delivery of small oligos (anti-miRs and mimics) and larger DNAs (encoding shRNAs) in a wide variety of cancer cell lines by successful silencing/activation of their respective target genes. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this therapy was validated for in vivo tumor suppression using two transgenic mouse models; first, tumor growth arrest and increased animal survival was seen in mice bearing Brca2/p53-mutant mammary tumors following daily intratumoral treatment with nanoparticles conjugated to c-Myc shRNA. Second, oral delivery of the conjugate to an Apc-deficient crypt progenitor colon cancer model increased animal survival and returned intestinal tissue to a non-wnt-deregulated state. This study demonstrates, through careful design of nonviral nanoparticles and appropriate selection of therapeutic gene targets, that RNAi technology can be made an affordable and amenable therapy for cancer.
Preference elicitation for interface optimization (2005)

Decision-theoretic optimization is becoming a popular tool in the user interface community, but creating accurate cost (or utility) functions has become a bottleneck --- in most cases the numerous parameters of these functions are chosen manually, which is a tedious and error-prone process. This paper describes ARNAULD, a general interactive tool for eliciting user preferences concerning concrete outcomes and using this feedback to automatically learn a factored cost function. We empirically evaluate our machine learning algorithm and two automatic query generation approaches and report on an informal user study.
Prediction of worsening of skin fibrosis in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis using the EUSTAR database (2014)

Our study provides novel, evidence-based criteria for the enrichment of dcSSc cohorts with patients who experience worsening of skin fibrosis which allows improved clinical trial design.
An Incremental Data Converter with an Oversampling Ratio of 3 (2006)

At low oversampling ratios, incremental ADCs are able to achieve a higher SNR than SigmaDelta modulators, allowing them to operate at oversampling ratios as low as 2-4 with high resolution. Furthermore, the removal of the input sample-and-hold significantly reduces the power consumption of incremental ADCs while slightly altering their signal transfer function. In this paper, the new application of incremental ADCs as high-speed data converters is demonstrated. A proposed 7th-order cascaded incremental ADC is analyzed and compared to a pipeline ADC, and it is shown that an incremental ADC can save half the analog power due to the removal of the input sample-and-hold and the reduced number of stages required for 12-bit operation
Use of electrochemical sensors for measurement of air pollution: correcting interference response and validating measurements (2017)

Abstract. The environments in which we live, work, and play are subject to enormous variability in air pollutant concentrations. To adequately characterize air quality (AQ), measurements must be fast (real time), scalable, and reliable (with known accuracy, precision, and stability over time). Lower-cost air-quality-sensor technologies offer new opportunities for fast and distributed measurements, but a persistent characterization gap remains when it comes to evaluating sensor performance under realistic environmental sampling conditions. This limits our ability to inform the public about pollution sources and inspire policy makers to address environmental justice issues related to air quality. In this paper, initial results obtained with a recently developed lower-cost air-quality-sensor system are reported. In this project, data were acquired with the ARISense integrated sensor package over a 4.5-month time interval during which the sensor system was co-located with a state-operated (Massachusetts, USA) air quality monitoring station equipped with reference instrumentation measuring the same pollutant species. This paper focuses on validating electrochemical (EC) sensor measurements of CO, NO, NO2, and O3 at an urban neighborhood site with pollutant concentration ranges (parts per billion by volume, ppb; 5 min averages, ±1σ): [CO] = 231 ± 116 ppb (spanning 84–1706 ppb), [NO] = 6.1 ± 11.5 ppb (spanning 0–209 ppb), [NO2] = 11.7 ± 8.3 ppb (spanning 0–71 ppb), and [O3] = 23.2 ± 12.5 ppb (spanning 0–99 ppb). Through the use of high-dimensional model representation (HDMR), we show that interference effects derived from the variable ambient gas concentration mix and changing environmental conditions over three seasons (sensor flow-cell temperature = 23.4 ± 8.5 °C, spanning 4.1 to 45.2 °C; and relative humidity = 50.1 ± 15.3 %, spanning 9.8–79.9 %) can be effectively modeled for the Alphasense CO-B4, NO-B4, NO2-B43F, and Ox-B421 sensors, yielding (5 min average) root mean square errors (RMSE) of 39.2, 4.52, 4.56, and 9.71 ppb, respectively. Our results substantiate the potential for distributed air pollution measurements that could be enabled with these sensors.
Differential dynamic baroreflex regulation of cardiac and renal sympathetic nerve activities (2001)

Although regional difference in sympathetic efferent nerve activity has been well investigated, whether this regional difference exists in the dynamic baroreflex regulation of sympathetic nerve activity remains uncertain. In anesthetized, vagotomized, and aortic-denervated rabbits, we isolated carotid sinuses and randomly perturbed intracarotid sinus pressure (CSP) while simultaneously recording cardiac (CSNA) and renal sympathetic nerve activities (RSNA). The neural arc transfer function from CSP to CSNA and that from CSP to RSNA revealed high-pass characteristics. The increasing slope of the transfer gain in the frequencies between 0.03 and 0.3 Hz was significantly greater for CSNA than for RSNA (2.96 ± 0.72 vs. 1.64 ± 0.73 dB/octave, P < 0.01, n = 9). The difference was hardly explained by the difference in static nonlinear characteristics of CSP-CSNA and CSP-RSNA relationships or by the difference in conduction velocities in the multifiber recording. These results indicate that the central processing in the brain stem differs between CSNA and RSNA. The neural arc of the baroreflex may exert differential effects on the heart and kidney in response to dynamic baroreflex activation.
E-MACSC: A novel dynamic cache tuning technique to maintain the hit ratio prescribed by the user in internet applications (2006)

The E-MACSC (Enhanced Model for Adaptive Cache Size Control ( ) is a novel approach for dynamic cache l tuning. The aim is to adaptively tune the cache size at runtime to maintain the prescribed hit ratio. It works with the popularity ratio (PR), defined by the standard deviations sampled for the relative popularity profile of the data objects at two successive time points. The changes in the PR value reflect the shifts of users' preference toward certain data objects. The E-MACSC makes use of the Convergence Algorithm (CA), which is an IEPM (Internet End-to-End Performance Measurement ( ) technique that measures the mean of a waveform quickly and accurately. Accuracy of the measurement is independent/insensitive to the waveform pattern because the CA is derived from the Central Limit Theorem.
Implementation of an Automated Respiratory Amplitude Gating Technique for PET/CT: Clinical Evaluation (2009)

The implementation of the proposed respiratory amplitude gating technique on current PET/CT scanners is feasible, and amplitude-matched CT and PET data can be automatically generated using our proposed procedures without requiring patients to hold their breath or increase their radiation exposure.
Hepatitis A associated with other focal infections. (2000)

In areas where hepatitis A is endemic, a simultaneous infection with hepatitis A and other common bacterial infection during childhood may co-exist. A permissive role for HAV infection is suggested.
An integrated memory array processor with a synchronous-DRAM interface for real-time vision applications (1996)

A newly developed one-board real-time image processing system with 10.24-GIPS peak performance is described. Such performance is possible due to a linear processor array of 256 SIMD processing elements. The IMAP-VISION chip, which is a key device of the system, integrates 32 8-bit processing elements and 32 l-Kbyte/PE memories. It also has a synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) interface with 160-MB/s bandwidth which enables a large capacity memory to be used for real-time vision applications. As the chip is designed to be able to overlap data transfer between the on-chip memories and the SDRAMs with computations, the system is capable of executing complicated algorithms flexibly without memory access overhead or shortage of memory capacity. In addition, a bit-pack function is used to improve binary image processing performance. The efficiency of this function is illustrated by a region labeling algorithm which is often used in object recognition. The system manages to process real-time region labeling and Hough transform, and shows high performance for most low-level image processing tasks.
Observation of extremely long electron-spin-relaxation times in<i>p</i>-type δ-doped GaAs/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>As double heterostructures (1993)

Spin-relaxation dynamics of electrons have been studied in p-type \ensuremath{\delta}-doped GaAs:Be/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As double heterostructures by time-resolved photoluminescence polarization measurements. A relaxation time of \ensuremath{\simeq}20 ns has been observed which is two orders of magnitude longer than that reported for corresponding acceptor concentrations in homogeneously doped GaAs. This enhancement, which arises from a drastic reduction of the electron-hole wave-function overlap, demonstrates that electron-hole scattering with a simultaneous exchange interaction dominates spin relaxation at low temperatures.
A highly linear single p-n junction temperature sensor (1994)

A temperature sensor based on the use of two forward-biased p-n junctions is known to exhibit good linearity. An alternative sensor configuration, based on the same principle, but employing only one p-n junction is presented in this paper. The forward current through the p-n junction is switched alternately between two fixed values, and the difference between the corresponding voltages is shown to vary linearly with temperature. This scheme eliminates the problems associated with close matching required for the two p-n junction sensors. Experimental results obtained with the proposed scheme are presented. A configuration to exploit the temperature dependence of the p-n junction incremental resistance is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: GRAHAMIMYCIN A1: SYNTHESIS AND DETERMINATION OF CONFIGURATION AND CHIRALITY (1982)

Abstract Die Wittig‐Kondensation zwischen dem P‐Ylid (I) und dem optisch aktiven Aldehyd (II) liefert das Kondensationsprodukt (IIIa), das zu (IIIb) verseift wird.
Enhanced Diagnostic Yield with Prolonged Small Bowel Transit Time during Capsule Endoscopy (2008)

Prolonged SBTT during CE (>6 hr) is associated with an increased diagnostic yield. This may be due to a positive effect on image quality during a "slower" study. The use of promotility agents may adversely affect the ability of CE to detect significant intestinal pathology.
Pasado, presente y futuro de los estudios sobre las transiciones de los jóvenes (2015)

El articulo versa sobre los enfoques de los estudios sobre transicion de los jovenes a la vida adulta. Primeramente se hace referencia a los cambios en la transicion en el paso de la modernidad a la postmodernidad tal como ha sido planteado en los estudios, sobre todo por lo que atane a los cambios en la definicion y prosecucion de los itinerarios de los y las jovenes. El articulo proclama que en el estudio sociologico de la juventud se esta en una triple posicion o angulo de perspectiva: la perspectiva del funcionalismo, la perspectiva de la conflictualidad social y la perspectiva constructivista basada en lo biografico. Ello tiene una concrecion en el estudio de la transicion de los y las jovenes a la vida adulta (enfoque de la moratoria, enfoque del generacionalismo y enfoque de los itinerarios de transicion, respectivamente) apuntando la conveniencia de tomar la perspectiva biografica para encarar el estudio de la transicion de los jovenes a la vida adulta. Precisamente el termino “adulto” se somete a critica asi como se han generado otros malentendidos. El articulo termina con una relacion acerca de criterios y pautas a seguir en posteriores estudios acerca de la transicion de los y las jovenes.
Insulating Characteristics of Dimethyl Silicone in Bare and Insulated Uniform Field Gaps (1977)

Impulse and sixty-hertz breakdown tests were conducted on stationary and circulating 50 centistoke dimethyl silicone using bare and insulated uinform field elect-rodes. The electrode insulation materials used were polyamide paper, and Kraft paper thermally upgraded with dicyandiamide. The test results show that insulating the electrodes, significantly increases the sixty-hertz and impulse dielectric strengths of silicone. Under most conditions, the uniform field insulating characteristics of dimethyl silicone are comparable to those of conventional transformer oils; however, the bare electrode sixty-hertz strength of silicone is approximately 20% lower than that of transformer oil.
Neuroprotection by rAAV-mediated gene transfer of bone morphogenic protein 7 (2014)

Polycistronic rAAV vectors encoding secreted polypeptides and 2A-linked reporter proteins are potential novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Using this technique we documented that rAAV delivery of BMP7 reduced ischemic cell death in mice.
Scene-Based Audio Implemented with Higher Order Ambisonics (HOA) (2015)

Scene-based Audio uses a sound-field technology called “Higher Order Ambisonics” (HOA) to create holistic descriptions of both live-captured and artistically-created sound scenes that are independent of specific loudspeaker layouts. For efficient representation, the audio can be carried as a set of PCM channels that contain predominant sounds and ambience in separate tracks. Standard audio bandwidth-compression techniques then can be applied to the PCM channels. This approach is in contrast to conventional channel-based sound representations, in which one signal is used for each loudspeaker of a target reproduction system, with the implication that upmixing or downmixing is required when loudspeaker configurations other than the intended one are used for actual reproduction. This paper examines how, with Scene-based Audio, there can be satisfactory reproduction of immersive sound at bitrates corresponding to the equivalent of just 6 channels, while an alternative sound-field method that exclusively employs audio objects typically involves much higher bitrates.
Differential Expression and Functional Characterization of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Splice Variants in Human Luteal Cells: Implications for Luteolysis (2009)

The human LH receptor (LHR) plays a key role in luteal function and the establishment of pregnancy through its interaction with the gonadotropins LH and human chorionic gonadotropin. We previously identified four splice variants of the LHR in human luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs) and corpora lutea (CL). Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that expression of the full-length LHR (LHRa) and the most truncated form (LHRd) changed significantly in CL harvested at different stages of the ovarian cycle (P < 0.01, ANOVA). LHRa expression was reduced in the late luteal CL (P < 0.05). Conversely, an increase in LHRd expression was observed in the late luteal CL (P < 0.01). Chronic manipulation of human chorionic gonadotropin in LGC primary cultures supported the in vivo findings. LHRd encodes a protein lacking the transmembrane and carboxyl terminal domains. COS-7 cells expressing LHRd were unable to produce cAMP in response to LH stimulation. COS-7 cells coexpressing LHRd and LHRa also failed to generate cAMP in response to LH, suggesting that this truncated form has a negative effect on the signaling of LHRa. Immunofluorescence staining of LGC and COS-7 cells implied that there is a reduction in cell surface expression of LHRa when LHRd is present. Overall, these results imply expression of LHR splice variants is regulated in the human CL. Furthermore, during functional luteolysis a truncated variant could modulate the cell surface expression and activity of full-length LHR.