gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coherence Disparity in Broadcast and Multiple Access Channels (2016)

Individual links in a wireless network may experience unequal fading coherence times due to differences in mobility or scattering environment. This paper studies broadcast and multiple access channels whose nodes experience unequal fading block lengths. Channel state information (CSI) is not available at the transmitters, and the cost of acquiring CSI at the receivers is fully accounted for in the degrees of freedom. In the broadcast channel, the method of product superposition is employed to find the achievable degrees of freedom. When the number of symbols in any fading block is at least twice the number of antennas at any active node and the fading block lengths have integer ratios, achievable degrees of freedom meet the upper bound in four cases: when the transmitter has fewer antennas than the receivers, when all receivers have the same number of antennas, when the coherence time of one receiver is much shorter than all others, or when all receivers have identical block fading length. The degrees of freedom region of the broadcast under identical coherence times was also previously unknown and is settled by the results of this paper. The disparity of coherence times leads to gains that are distinct from those arising from other techniques, such as spatial multiplexing or multiuser diversity. This new class of gains is denoted coherence diversity. The inner bounds in the broadcast channel are further extended to fading block lengths of arbitrary ratio or alignment. In addition, in the multiple access channel with unequal coherence times, achievable and outer bounds on the degrees of freedom are obtained.
Über die Bestandteile der Hefe, XIV. Über die Sterine von <i>Candida utilis</i> (1967)

Abstract Nach chromatographischer Auftrennung des unverseifbaren Anteils der Hefe Candida utilis werden Ergosterin ( 1 ), β‐Sitosterin ( 2 ), 4α‐Methyl‐zymosterin ( 3 ), 14‐Desmethyl‐lanosterin ( 4 ), 5α‐Δ 7 ‐Ergosten‐3β‐ol ( 6 ) und ein neues Sterin isoliert, dessen Konstitution als Δ 4.6.8(14).22 ‐Ergostatetraen‐3‐on ( 5 ) bewiesen wird.
An Assessment of Decision Tree based Classification and Regression Algorithms (2018)

Decision tree as the name suggests are tree structured predictive model. They are one of the most powerful tools in data mining and machine learning, as it is very easy for a person to derive conclusion from the model's result. A decision tree is one of the popular and easily understood algorithms as its results mimic the human brain, hence are easy to understand derive rules out of these results. These algorithms have even influence in medical sector, helping doctors to make a critical decision for a particular pathology report, it's because of its tree nature even a naive person can understand the meaning and derive conclusion from these trees. In this survey an overview and intuition of some of the popular decision tree models like ID3, C4.5, CHAID and CART are discussed. Methods like pruning are discussed which improve the accuracy of model and its necessity.
Long Crested Weirs (1987)

A method has been developed to integrate and evaluate the head relationship between canal weirs and turnouts. The objective is to minimize flow variations through the turnout and at the same time permit the canal flow to vary to meet the changing needs of the system. A step-by-step procedure is presented for the computations of the required length of a long crested weir. Using the long crested weir results in a more stable flow rate through the turnout with less labor. The benefit to the water user is that less labor is required to manage or control the water.
Purification and characterization of a novel transforming growth factor. (1987)

Previous studies have indicated that an autostimulatory transforming growth factor was required for the optimal growth of SW-13 adrenal carcinoma cells in soft agar. The production of SW-13 colony-stimulating activity by other human malignant cell lines of both epithelial and mesenchymal origin has been demonstrated. Evidence was presented indicating that the stimulating activity detected in crude acid-ethanol extracts was an acid- and heat-stable polypeptide requiring disulfide bonds for full activity. This activity was detected more frequently in tumors and human cancer cells in culture of epithelial origin than of mesenchymal origin and in a variety of nonneoplastic tissues. In the present study, this activity, termed epithelial transforming growth factor (TGFe) because of its ability to stimulate soft agar growth of certain epithelial cells, was partially purified from bovine kidney. Fourfold purification of the kidney acid-ethanol extract with 50% maximal growth-stimulatory activity of 10 micrograms was achieved using molecular sieve chromatography where TGFe eluted with an apparent molecular weight of 20,000-25,000. The next purification step, molecular sieve high performance liquid chromatography, yielded a 50% maximal growth-stimulatory activity of 50 ng and an 800-fold purification from the initial acid-ethanol extract. TGFe eluted in the Mr 11,000 range. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with a C18 column was then used, yielding a single or double peak of SW-13 colony-stimulating activity at 30-35% acetonitrile. The degree of purification was 11,000-fold with a 50% maximal growth-stimulatory activity of 3.5 ng. Analysis of the peak on 12.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a major and sometimes single band with a molecular weight of 23,000-25,000. Extraction of protein from the polyacrylamide gel demonstrated that only the Mr 23,000-25,000 band stimulated soft agar growth of SW-13 cells. The biological activity of the partially purified TGFe was found to differ from other known growth factors with regard to its ability to stimulate soft agar growth of SW-13 cells with the exception of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The acid lability of FGF, the different molecular weights of these two growth factors, the lack of stimulation of soft agar growth of A431 cells, and the lack of binding of TGFe to FGF receptors indicated that TGFe was not related to basic FGF. Partially purified TGFe was also found to stimulate soft agar growth of two squamous cell carcinoma lines, A431 and D562, and the mouse embryo-derived AKR-2B cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Subregional Patterns of Preferential Striatal Dopamine Transporter Loss Differ in Parkinson Disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and Multiple-System Atrophy (2012)

Compared with PD, PSP and MSA showed more prominent and earlier dopamine transporter loss in the AC and VP, respectively. These findings could be useful for suggesting PSP or MSA in parkinsonian cases without characteristic atypical features.
Mutations in Salmonella typhimurium Conferring Resistance to Felix O Phage without Loss of Smooth Character (1975)

Several mutants obtained from smooth Salmonella typhimurium strains by selection for resistance to Felix O (FO) phage [whose receptor site includes the N-acetylglucosamine branch of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core] were smooth in cultural properties, antigenic character and phage sensitivity pattern (except for their FO resistance). However, the affected genes of several such 'FOR' (FO-resistant) mutants were shown by transduction of map in the short cysE-pyrE segment, which includes nearly all known rfa genes responsible for synthesis of LPS core. All of seven FOR mutants differed from their parents, and resembled rfa mutants with defects in the deeper part of the LPS core, by increased sensitivity to various antibiotics. One FOR mutant was non-virulent (LD50 greater than 10-7, compared with smaller than 100 for its parent); LT7 derivatives given this FOR gene by co-transduction with cysE+ were likewise non-virulent. It is inferred that FOR mutations affect the assembly of the inner part of the LPS core, perhaps causing incomplete blocks in glycosyl transferase reactions.
Characterization of 4H-SiC MOSFETs Formed on the Different Trench Sidewalls (2006)

Characterization of MOSFETs formed on trench sidewalls is important to achieve high-performance UMOSFETs. In this paper, 4H-SiC MOSFETs formed on the different trench sidewalls were fabricated to evaluate basic MOSFET performance. MOS channel is one side of the trench to evaluate the effect of channel plane on MOSFET performance. MOS channel plane were (1120), (1120), (1100), and (1100). The highest channel mobility was 43cm 2 /Vs for (1120) and the lowest channel mobility was 21cm 2 /Vs for (1120), which is the opposite face to (1120). The channel mobilities on (1100) and (1100) are similar value between (1120) and (T120). The different characteristics of MOSFETs on (1120) and (1120) were thought to be due to the combination of the substrate off-angle and the trench taper angle.
Inhibition of polyisoprenoid and glycoprotein biosynthesis causes abnormal embryonic development. (1979)

Compactin, a potent inhibitor of polyisoprenoid biosynthesis, induces abnormal gastrulation during sea urchin development at concentrations that have no effect on earlier embryonic development or on macromolecular synthesis. Three lines of evidence suggest that the developmental lesion caused by compactin results from inhibition of dolichol biosynthesis and a concomitant inhibition in the biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide chains of N-linked glycoproteins. (i) Embryos cultured in the presence of compactin gastrulate normally when supplemented with dolichol alone, whereas supplementation with cholesterol or coenzyme Q or both does not prevent the compactin-induced developmental lesion. (ii) Exogenously supplemented [3H]dolichol is incorporated into a compound with the chromatographic properties of oligosaccharide-pyrophosphoryldolichol. (iii) Embryos cultured in the presence of compactin exhibit a decreased capacity to synthesize mannose-labeled glycolipids and N-linked glycoproteins. This decrease in synthesis is abolished if the embryos are cultured in the presence of dolichol along with compactin.
Single-mode and single-polarization photonics with anchored-membrane waveguides (2016)

An integrated photonic platform with "anchored-membrane" structures, the T-Guide, is proposed, numerically investigated, fabricated and characterized. These compact air-clad structures have high index contrast and are much more stable than prior membrane-type structures. Their semi-infinite geometry enables single-mode and single-polarization (SMSP) operation over unprecedented bandwidths. Modal simulations quantify this behavior, showing that an SMSP window of 2.75 octaves (1.2-8.1 μm) is feasible for silicon T-Guides, spanning almost the entire transparency range of silicon. Dispersion engineering for T-Guides yields broad regions of anomalous group velocity dispersion, rendering them a promising platform for nonlinear applications such as wideband frequency conversion. Cut-back measurements of fabricated silicon T-guides at λ = 3.64 μm show low propagation losses of 1.75 ± 0.3 dB/cm.
Models for Epilepsy and Epileptogenesis: Report from the NIH Workshop, Bethesda, Maryland (2002)

Understanding the epidemiology of therapy resistance and providing support for new approaches to therapy development were identified as key issues for introduction of new and more effective treatments.
Development of Digital Image Surface and Its Application to Derived 12-Lead ECG (2007)

The "image surface" is a data collection of spatial vectors that reflect relationship between heart vector and measured electrocardiograms, supposing the heart source is a fixed dipole source. For long, the Frank image surface has been used. However, since the Frank model represents an average model of western population, it may not fit other populations like Japanese, and therefore may affect the accuracy of applications In this study, to improve the accuracy of the derived 12-lead ECG, we developed the digital image surface based on the personalized torso models constructed from MRI images. The boundary element method was used to calculate the values of digital image surface by applying electrical current dipole source on the torso- heart model. Further, the valises of the digital image surface for eight subjects were averaged as a representation of typical models of Japanese population. As an application, derived 12-lead ECG is obtained based on the digital image surface and the results is compared with those based on the Frank image surface. The results show that the digital image surface can get better accuracy than the Frank image surface.
Effect of a perfluoroalkyl group on the elimination and substitution reactions of two homologous series of perfluoroalkyl-substituted iodoalkanes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of a perfluoroalkyl group on the elimination and substitution reactions of two homologous series of perfluoroalkyl-substituted iodoalkanesNeal O. Brace, Lawrence W. Marshall, Carol J. Pinson, and Gail Van WingerdenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 13, 2361–2368Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00187a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00187a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Link Prediction in Complex Networks: A Mutual Information Perspective (2014)

Topological properties of networks are widely applied to study the link-prediction problem recently. Common Neighbors, for example, is a natural yet efficient framework. Many variants of Common Neighbors have been thus proposed to further boost the discriminative resolution of candidate links. In this paper, we reexamine the role of network topology in predicting missing links from the perspective of information theory, and present a practical approach based on the mutual information of network structures. It not only can improve the prediction accuracy substantially, but also experiences reasonable computing complexity.
A VLSI chip set for a multiprocessor performance measurement system (1990)

No abstract available.
NeuroTac: A Neuromorphic Optical Tactile Sensor applied to Texture Recognition (2020)

Developing artificial tactile sensing capabilities that rival human touch is a long-term goal in robotics and prosthetics. Gradually more elaborate biomimetic tactile sensors are being developed and applied to grasping and manipulation tasks to help achieve this goal. Here we present the neuroTac, a novel neuromorphic optical tactile sensor. The neuroTac combines the biomimetic hardware design from the TacTip sensor which mimicks the layered papillae structure of human glabrous skin, with an event-based camera (DAVIS240, iniVation) and algorithms which transduce contact information in the form of spike trains. The performance of the sensor is evaluated on a texture classification task, with four spike coding methods being implemented and compared: Intensive, Spatial, Temporal and Spatiotemporal. We found timing-based coding methods performed with the highest accuracy over both artificial and natural textures. The spike-based output of the neuroTac could enable the development of biomimetic tactile perception algorithms in robotics as well as non-invasive and invasive haptic feedback methods in prosthetics.
1H-NMR Studies of the Interaction of Dental Adhesive Monomer, 4-META with Calcium. (1999)

Our objective was to determine whether high-resolution proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (500MHz) could be utilized for detection of ionic binding interaction of the 4-META resin system with calcium derived from hydroxyapatite. The stability of 4-META in aqueous medium was studied, findings indicated that 4-META was rapidly converted to 4-MET, a hydrate product of 4-META in 10% D2O/DMSO-d6. The 1H-NMR signals of the methacryloyloxyethoxy group of 4-MET remained intact following the addition of both monocalcium phosphate (MCP) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (brushite) solution, whereas those of its trimellitic portion were markedly shifted upfield depending on the phosphate concentration. The shielding effect followed by upfield shifts was due to the localization of electron density surrounding the carboxylate anions that were dissociated by the interaction with calcium counter cation. The shielding effect of 4-MET with brushite was larger than that with MCP. An ionic interaction of 4-MET derived from 4-META with calcium was demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ln<sub>2</sub>SeSiO<sub>4</sub> (Ln: Sm, Dy, Ho) and Sm<sub>2</sub>TeSiO<sub>4</sub>. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Base-Content Dependence of Emission Enhancements, Quantum Yields, and Lifetimes for Cyanine Dyes Bound to Double-Strand DNA: Photophysical Properties of Monomeric and Bichromomphoric DNA Stains (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBase-Content Dependence of Emission Enhancements, Quantum Yields, and Lifetimes for Cyanine Dyes Bound to Double-Strand DNA: Photophysical Properties of Monomeric and Bichromomphoric DNA StainsThomas L. Netzel, Kambiz Nafisi, Min Zhao, Jerome R. Lenhard, and Iain JohnsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 51, 17936–17947Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100051a019https://doi.org/10.1021/j100051a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1733Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Laser micromachining of optical microstructures with inclined sidewall profile (2009)

Laser micromachining has been proved to be a useful tool for the formation of microstructures in semiconductor and optical materials. It is also widely adopted for dicing of light-emitting diode chips. The authors propose a modified laser micromachining setup which enables three-dimensional structures to be formed. A mirror is inserted in the optical path between the focusing optics and the machining plane so that the beam strikes the sample at an oblique angle. By translating and/or rotating the sample as micromachining is carried out, various three-dimensional structures such as a pyramid or a conic section can be obtained. Trenches as small as 10 μm on sapphire have been realized with nanosecond ultraviolet laser pulses. Laser-induced damage, due to resolidification of the ablation melt, accumulates with increasing scans of the beam; it can be removed by chemical and mechanical treatment.
Miniature Interferometer Terminals forEarth Surveying: Ambiguity andMultipath with Global Positioning System (1981)

With therecent launching ofseveral satellites oftheglobal positioning system(GPS), avariety ofschemes basedonradio inter- ferometry havebeenproposed fortheaccurate determination ofrela- tive positions ofreceiving terminals ontheground. Provided thatthe integer-cycle ambiguities oftheinterferometric phaseobservations can becorrectly resolved, thebaseline vector extending fromtheantenna ofoneterminal tothatofanother should bedeterminable withuncer- tainty muchsmaller thanthe19-cmwavelength oftheGPStransmis- sions. Wepropose amethodofambiguity resolution that issuitable for observations madewithantennas oflowdirective gain. Suchantennas arecompact, butthefeasibility oftheir usehasbeenquestioned be- causeobservations withthemaresusceptible tomultipath interference. Forshort-baseline interferometric observations ofGPSourmethod yields correct ambiguity resolution despite severe multipath inter- ference andsignificant skyblockage, evenwheninstability ofthefre- quencystandards governing theseparate receiving terminals limits the timespanofcoherent integration tofive minutes.
Properties of PbSe Prepared by Powder-Metallurgy Techniques (1960)

The application of powder‐metallurgy techniques to the preparation of bulk specimens of lead selenide was studied; both the hot‐press and the press‐and‐sinter methods were employed. Compacting pressure, sintering temperature sintering time, and the particle size of the powder were treated as variables. Electrical and thermoelectric properties, densities, and microstructures of the specimens were studied.
Best-case series for the use of immuno-augmentation therapy and naltrexone for the treatment of cancer. (2003)

For this study, the researchers used criteria developed by the Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine (OCCAM), a part of the National Cancer Institute.
Transcriptome-wide evolutionary analysis on essential brown algae （Phaeophyceae） in China (2014)

布朗水藻(Chromista， Ochrophyta， Phaeophyceae ) 是多细胞的水藻的一个大组在海洋生态系统和生物多样性起重要作用。然而，为学习他们新陈代谢的特征妨碍了的种系发生的进化和小说的差的分子的库在这个领域里进行。在这研究，我们在中国定序棕色的水藻的 18 主要种类的 de novo transcriptome，盖住六份订单和七个家庭，用高产量的定序站台 Illumina HiSeq 2000。从这的 transcriptome 数据 18 种类和 Ectocarpus siliculosus 和 Phaeodactylum tricornutum 的公开可得到的染色体数据，我们识别了 108 原子产生 orthologous 基因并且基于一个 multigene 方法在这些棕色的水藻之中澄清了种系发生的关系。这些棕色的水藻能被分开成二 clades：Clade Ishigeales-Dictyotales 和 Clade Ectocarpales-Laminariales-Desmarestiale-Fucales。前者在种系发生的树的底，当后者被划分成二根树枝时，显示它的早分叉，与从订单 Ectocarpales， Laminariales，和 Desmarestiale 分叉的顺序 Fucales。在我们分类有争议的种类的分析，马尾藻类海草 fusiforme 和 Saccharina sculpera 被发现是仔细与类马尾藻类海草和 Saccharina 有关，分别地当 Petalonia 扁带显示出可能的关系到类 Scytosiphon 时。学习为棕色的水藻的种系发生的分类提供了分子的证据。