gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The human red nucleus and lateral cerebellum in supporting roles for sensory information processing (2000)

A functional MRI study compared activation in the red nucleus to that in the lateral cerebellar dentate nucleus during passive and active tactile discrimination tasks. The study pursued recent neuroimaging results suggesting that the cerebellum may be more associated with sensory processing than with the control of movement for its own sake. Because the red nucleus interacts closely with the cerebellum, the possibility was examined that activity in red nucleus might also be driven by the requirement for tactile sensory processing with the fingers rather than by finger movement alone. The red and dentate nuclei were about 300% more active (a combination of activation areas and intensities) during passive (non-motor) tactile stimulation when discrimination was required than when it was not. Thus, the red nucleus was activated by purely sensory stimuli even in the absence of the opportunity to coordinate finger movements or to use the sensory cues to guide movement. The red and dentate nuclei were about 70% more active during active tactile tasks when discrimination was required than when it was not (i.e., for simple finger movements alone). Thus, the red nucleus was most active when the fingers were being used for tactile sensory discrimination. In both the passive and active tactile tasks, the observed activation had a contralateralized pattern, with stronger activation in the left red nucleus and right dentate nucleus. Significant covariation was observed between activity in the red nucleus and the contralateral dentate during the discrimination tasks and no significant correlation between the red nucleus and the contralateral dentate activity was detected during the two non-discrimination tasks. The observed interregional covariance and contralateralized activation patterns suggest strong functional connectivity during tactile discrimination tasks. Overall, the pattern of findings suggests that the activity in the red nucleus, as in the lateral cerebellum, is more driven by the requirements for sensory processing than by motor coordination per se.
Editorial: governance strategies for building health system resilience (2021)

Governance is about making and implementing collective decisions. It is therefore vitally important to health policy and implementation and is a pivotal, yet often underestimated, enabler for leading a health system in times of emergencies, preventing them from becoming a crisis.
<i>Stored Program Controlled Network</i>: Calling Card Service-Human Factors Studies (1982)

Many new telephone services involve more customer-system interaction than ever before, and making these services easy to use and error-free is a major development goal. Properly designed dialing plans, announcements, timing, tones, and instructions increase customer acceptance and minimize errors. These new services are designed from systematic analyses of present services, interviews with customers, laboratory studies of user-system interactions, field trials, and product follow-ups. Calling Card Service automates credit card service and allows the customer to bill a call to a special billing number, without an operator, from Touch-Tone∗ dialing phones. Based on a series of studies, the market need for Calling Card Service was established and the customer-machine interface was designed. An analysis of operator-assisted credit card service indicated that credit card calls could be automated. Interviews with customers verified an interest in, and a need for, Calling Card Service. Moreover, laboratory studies indicated that customers could use the Calling Card Service successfully. In turn, these studies led to the design of a field trial, which combined and extended earlier studies and verified Calling Card Service performance and acceptance by customers.
Microsecond optical switching of five channels by KTN electro‐optic deflector (2014)

A 1 × 5 optical switch with a switching speed of microseconds is demonstrated. Switching between different channels in a planar lightwave circuit waveguide array was controlled using an electro‐optic beam deflector. A single crystal of potassium tantalate niobate (KT a 1− x N b x O 3 , KTN) was used as a deflector to realise this operation. A switching speed of 8.1 μs was demonstrated for the switching of two adjacent channels.
Determination of Leukocyte Elastase Concentration in Plasma and Serum by a Simple Method Using a Specific Synthetic Substrate (1991)

The concentration of leukocyte elastase (ELP) in plasma and serum was determined by an amidolysis method using a specific synthetic substrate for ELP, Suc-Ala-Tyr-Leu-Val-pNA. Results were compared with those using ELISA. ELP levels in plasma from healthy donors were similar to those determined by ELISA; however, the levels in serum were lower than those determined by ELISA. Correlation coefficients of ELP levels in plasma and serum as measured by the two methods were 0.75 (amidolysis) and 0.90 (ELISA). On the other hand, the correlation coefficient between serum ELP by the two methods was 0.83. Half of the ELP levels in plasma from 150 patients and serum from 400 patients were significantly elevated when compared with those from healthy donors, and the ELP elevation determined by amidolytic assay correlated with some variables in blood, namely fibrin(ogen)-degraded products, fibrinogen, GOT, GPT, gamma-GTP, LDH and leucine aminopeptidase. Despite the fact that the amidolysis method detects the alpha 2-macroglobulin-ELP complex while ELISA detects the alpha 1-antitrypsin-ELP complex, a comparative study showed amidolysis to provide sufficiently sensitive measurement of both plasma and serum ELP.
Characterizing attractors using local intrinsic dimensions calculated by singular-value decomposition and information-theoretic criteria (1990)

An algorithm to estimate the average local intrinsic dimension (〈${\mathit{d}}_{\mathrm{LID}}$〉) of an attractor using signal versus noise separation methods based on information-theoretic criteria is explored in this work. Using noisy sample data the 〈${\mathit{d}}_{\mathrm{LID}}$〉 is computed from an eigenanalysis of local attractor regions, indicating the local orthogonal directions along which the data are clustered. The 〈${\mathit{d}}_{\mathrm{LID}}$〉 algorithm requires the separation of signal eigenvalues, i.e., the dominant eigenvalues, from the noise eigenvalues for which thresholding mechanisms based on two information-theoretic criteria are used. Singular-value decomposition is used to calculate the eigenvalues as well as to determine the rank of the local-phase-space data matrix. The two specific information-theoretic criteria which we consider to separate signal and noise are the Akaike information criterion (AIC) [H. Akaike, IEEE Trans. Auto. Control 19, 716 (1974)] and the minimum description length (MDL) of Rissanen [Automatica 14, 465 (1978)] and Schwarz [Ann. Stat. 6, 461 (1978)]. Several test cases are presented demonstrating the use of the AIC and MDL to calculate 〈${\mathit{d}}_{\mathrm{LID}}$〉. Results are then compared to the correlation dimension as computed by the Grassberger-Procaccia method [Physica D9, 189 (1983)]. The AIC and MDL separation techniques are found to be inappropriate at higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), above \ensuremath{\sim}12 dB, and the MDL produces results in good overall agreement with the accepted correlation dimension in the range of SNR between 5 and 12 dB. Two of the primary benefits of the 〈${\mathit{d}}_{\mathrm{LID}}$〉 technique are that it will yield reasonable and fairly accurate estimates of the dimension of attractors and that it can probe small length scales on the attractor even for moderate SNR. Other thresholding schemes are being pursued for SNR's above 12 dB.
Adaptive control using multiple models, switching, and tuning (2002)

The paper describes the efforts to increase substantially the scope of adaptive control by using multiple models, switching, and tuning. Both deterministic and stochastic systems are considered and stability and convergence problems are discussed. While deeply rooted in conventional adaptive control theory, the multiple model approach provides greater flexibility in design, and in many cases may result in faster, more accurate, and more robust systems. Practical applications in flight control, process control, the control of a flexible transmission system as well as a solar power plant, where the approach has already proved to be successful, are also described.
An Efficient Adaptive Window Size Selection Method for Improving Spectrogram Visualization (2016)

Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is an important technique for the time-frequency analysis of a time varying signal. The basic approach behind it involves the application of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to a signal multiplied with an appropriate window function with fixed resolution. The selection of an appropriate window size is difficult when no background information about the input signal is known. In this paper, a novel empirical model is proposed that adaptively adjusts the window size for a narrow band-signal using spectrum sensing technique. For wide-band signals, where a fixed time-frequency resolution is undesirable, the approach adapts the constant Q transform (CQT). Unlike the STFT, the CQT provides a varying time-frequency resolution. This results in a high spectral resolution at low frequencies and high temporal resolution at high frequencies. In this paper, a simple but effective switching framework is provided between both STFT and CQT. The proposed method also allows for the dynamic construction of a filter bank according to user-defined parameters. This helps in reducing redundant entries in the filter bank. Results obtained from the proposed method not only improve the spectrogram visualization but also reduce the computation cost and achieves 87.71% of the appropriate window length selection.
A Universal Algorithm for Random-Access Compression and Applications for Annotated DNA Sequences (2007)

This article introduces a universal algorithm for creating compressed archives with instantaneous access and decodability of designated functional elements. A special-purpose variant is also given to enhance performance for DNA sequences. The resulting algorithm integrated into an earlier scheme achieves a marked improvement at the randomly accessible coding for annotated genome files, while completely retaining the functionality of instantaneous retrieval of all feature entries.
Thinking Local, Going Social: Project Teams Can Thrive Using Microsoft Project Server 2010 (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: In This Chapter Project Management Looking Ahead PPM Lifecycle Important Concepts Covered in This Chapter
Nucleotide sequence of the<i>Penicillium chrysogenum pyr</i>G (orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase) gene (1988)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of the Penicillium chrysogenum pyr G (orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase) gene Get access J.M. Cantoral, J.M. Cantoral Area de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de León24071 León, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.L. Barredo, J.L. Barredo Area de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de León24071 León, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. Alvarez, E. Alvarez Area de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de León24071 León, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. Díez, B. Díez Area de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de León24071 León, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.F. Martín J.F. Martín Area de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de León24071 León, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 16, 25 August 1988, Page 8177, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.16.8177 Published: 25 August 1988 Article history Accepted: 19 July 1988 Published: 25 August 1988
Routing of asynchronous Clos networks (2011)

Clos networks provide theoretically optimal solution to build high-radix switches. Dynamically reconfiguring a three-stage Clos network is more difficult in asynchronous circuits than in synchronous circuits. This study proposes a novel asynchronous dispatching (AD) algorithm for general three-stage Clos networks. It is compared with the classic synchronous concurrent round-robin dispatching (CRRD) algorithm in unbuffered Clos networks. The AD algorithm avoids the contention in central modules using a state feedback scheme and outperforms the throughput of CRRD in behavioural simulations. Two asynchronous Clos networks using the AD algorithm are implemented and compared with a synchronous Clos network using the CRRD algorithm. The asynchronous Clos scheduler is smaller than its synchronous counterpart. Synchronous Clos networks achieve higher throughput than asynchronous Clos networks because asynchronous Clos networks cannot hide the arbitration latency and their data paths are slow. The asynchronous Clos scheduler consumes significantly lower power than the synchronous scheduler and the asynchronous Clos network using bundled-data data switches shows the best power efficiency in all implementations.
SOLVING PROCESS PROBLEMS WITH SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (1993)

Many separations cannot be achieved with use of conventional methods. Sometimes a desired solvent isn't strong or selective enough, or it may be difficult to remove after the separation. Also, as a result of the Montreal Protocol, many traditional solvents will be banned by 1995. Fortunately, the past decade has seen a revolution in the use of supercritical fluids (SCFs), which may be able to solve many difficult separation problems. One of the first uses of SCFs, particularly CO[sub 2], was in chromatography where it was used to separate nonvolatile mixtures. Recently, more emphasis has been placed on using this technology for analytical and bulk extractions. This paper discusses the ABC's of supercritical fluid extraction and its use for fractionating polymers, selective removal of materials, and soil remediation.
Broad-band traveling-wave modulator using a LiNbO<inf>3</inf>optical waveguide (1977)

A traveling-wave electrooptic phase modulator using a Ti-in-diffused LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> optical waveguide was designed and constructed with emphasis placed on broad-band operation. As a microwave waveguide, a coplanar parallel stripline of aluminum with characteristic impedance of 48 Ω was fabricated on the crystal surface. The electrodes are 1.5 μm thick, 1 cm long, and 60 μm apart. The modulator was tested at 0.63 μm over a bandwidth of 7.5 GHz. For 250-mW drive power, the measured phase-modulation index was 1 rad up to about 3 GHz and reduced to 0.5 tad at 7.5 GHz.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Refractory Hard-Metal Borides (2014)

As the limits of what can be achieved with conventional hard compounds, such as tungsten carbide, are nearing reach, super-hard materials are an area of increasing industrial interest. The refractory hard metal borides, such as ReB2 and WB4, offer an increasingly attractive alternative to diamond and cubic boron nitride as a next-generation tool material. In this Thesis, a thorough discussion is made of the progress achieved by our laboratory towards understanding the synthesis, structure, and properties of these extremely hard compounds. Particular emphasis is placed on structural manipulation, solid solution formation, and the unique crystallographic manifestations of what might also be called "super-hard metals".
E-Plane Double Ridge Waveguide Filters and Diplexers for Communication Systems (2001)

Modeling, design and experimental verification of E-plane ridge waveguide filters are presented. The proposed filters have been integrated in a fully double ridge waveguide diplexer including a double ridge waveguide T-junction. Mode matching method based tools have been developed for the electromagnetic simulation of ridge waveguide filters and T-junctions. Design procedures for the filters and diplexers are also presented. Experimental testing for the ridge waveguide filter and comparison with commercial finite element method simulator for a diplexer structure confirms the accuracy of the developed tools.
LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES OF RAT INTESTINAL MUCOSA (1964)

Six intracellular hydrolases known to be associated with lysosomes in rat liver were found in rat intestinal mucosa. The extent to which they were particulate-bound and the degree of enzyme release when the particulate fractions were suspended in hypotonic media followed the same pattern in both mucosa and liver. The specific activities of the mucosa enzymes were either comparable to or slightly smaller than those of the liver enzymes. These results suggest that the mucosa hydrolases belong to lysosome-like particles. However, differential fractionation of the mucosa indicated that the particles from the mucosa sediment at lower centrifugal forces than do those from the liver and are more heterogeneous in size, bearing a closer resemblance to kidney lysosomes. Possible physiological functions of particulate-bound digestive enzymes in intestinal mucosa are discussed.
On Defending Against Distribtued Denial- of-Service Attacks with Server-Centric Router Throttles (2001)

We present a network architecture and accompanying algoril.hmsfor countering distributed denial-of-service (ODaS) atlacks directed at an Internet server.The basic mechanism is for a server under stress 10 inslall a router throttle at selected up-Slream routers.The throttle is the leaky-bucket rate at which a router can forward packets destined for the server.Hence, before aggressive packets can converge to overwhelm the server, participating rou tees proactively regulate the contributing packet rates to more moderate levels, thus forstalling an impending atlack.In allocating the server capacity among the roulers, we propose a notion of fevel-k max-minfaimess.Wc present simulation results using a realistic global network topology, and various models of good uscr and atlacker distributions and behaviors.Using a generator model of web requests parameterized by empirical data, we also evaluate Ihe impact of throtUing in protecting user access to a web server.First, for aggressive attackers, the throttle mechanism is highly effective in preferentially dropping atlaeker traffic over good user traffic.In particular, level-k max-min fairness gives bener good-user protection than recursive pushback of max-min fair ratc limits proposed in the literature.Second, throlUing can regulate the experienced scrver load to below its design limit -in Ihe presence of user dynamics -so that the server can remain operational during a DDoS attack.
A Multi-Timescale Map of Radiative and Nonradiative Decay Pathways for Excitons in CdSe Quantum Dots (2011)

A combination of transient absorption (TA) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopies performed on solution-phase samples of colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QDs) allows the construction of a time-resolved, charge carrier-resolved map of decay from the first excitonic state of the QD. Data from TA and TRPL yield the same six exponential components, with time constants ranging from ∼1 ps to 50 ns, for excitonic decay. Comparison of TA signals in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions enables determination of the relative contributions of electron and hole dynamics to each decay component, and comparison of TA and TRPL reveals that each component represents a competition between radiative and nonradiative decay pathways. In total, these data suggest that the QD sample comprises at least three distinct populations that differ in both the radiative and nonradiative decay pathways available to the excitonic charge carriers, and provide evidence for multiple emissive excitonic states in which the hole is not in the valence band, but rather a relaxed or trapped state.
New antibacterial quinoxaline N,N-dioxide derivatives (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew antibacterial quinoxaline N,N-dioxide derivativesGerald Berkelhammer and Peter H. GundCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 10, 992Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00292a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00292a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast Protection of H.264/AVC by Selective Encryption of CAVLC and CABAC for I and P Frames (2011)

This paper presents a novel method for the protection of bitstreams of state-of-the-art video codec H.264/AVC. The problem of selective encryption (SE) is addressed along with the compression in the entropy coding modules. H.264/AVC supports two types of entropy coding modules. Context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) is supported in H.264/AVC baseline profile and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is supported in H.264/AVC main profile. SE is performed in both types of entropy coding modules of this video codec. For this purpose, in this paper the encryption step is done simultaneously with the entropy coding CAVLC or CABAC. SE is performed by using the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm with the cipher feedback mode on a subset of codewords/binstrings. For CAVLC, SE is performed on equal length codewords from a specific variable length coding table. In case of CABAC, it is done on equal length binstrings. In our scheme, entropy coding module serves the purpose of encryption cipher without affecting the coding efficiency of H.264/AVC by keeping exactly the same bitrate, generating completely compliant bitstream and utilizing negligible computational power. Owing to no escalation in bitrate, our encryption algorithm is better suited for real-time multimedia streaming over heterogeneous networks. It is perfect for playback on handheld devices because of negligible increase in processing power. Nine different benchmark video sequences containing different combinations of motion, texture, and objects are used for experimental evaluation of the proposed algorithm.
N4-aminocytidine: formation, reactivity, and mutagenicity. (1983)

N4-Aminocytidine was readily formed on treatment of cytidine with hydrazine-bisulfite under mild conditions. This reaction can be carried out for cytosines in polynucleotids as well. The nucleoside N4-aminocytidine was strongly mutagenic to bacteria and phage. The transformation of cytosines in polynucleotides into N4-aminocytosines is a convenient method for generating reactive groups in the polymer.