gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compound M & B 39890A [N-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)- 2-(3-trifluoromethylbenezensulphonamido)-benzamide hydrochloride], a glucagon and insulin secretion inhibitor, improves insulin sensitivity in viable yellow obese-diabetic mice. (1992)

Compound M & B 39890A [N-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)-2- (3-trifluoromethylbenzenesulphonamido)benzamide hydrochloride] had no effect on cellular cAMP and cGMP levels but significantly inhibited insulin and glucagon secretion from freshly isolated normal rat islets stimulated with 10 mM glucose and 20 mM arginine. Daily gavage of the compound for three days lowered the elevated blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in fed, male viable yellow obese-diabetic mice; the minimum effective dose was 25 mg/kg. However, M & B 39890A did not affect the blood glucose level of fasted diabetic mice. In addition, it had no effect on blood glucose levels of normal mice and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. M & B 39890A, fed in the diet at the concentration of 1 mg/g for 42 days, reversed the hyperglycemia of the fed diabetic mice without causing tachyphylaxis and improved the sensitivity to exogenous insulin as demonstrated by the lowering of blood glucose. When M & B 39890A was fed to young male mice destined to become diabetic, the development of hyperglycemia was prevented. Thus, M & B 39890A represents a new class of pharmacological agents that may prove to be effective for the chronic treatment of type II diabetics without the risk of hypoglycemia.
High performance polymer development (1991)

The term high performance as applied to polymers is generally associated with polymers that operate at high temperatures. High performance is used to describe polymers that perform at temperatures of 177 C or higher. In addition to temperature, other factors obviously influence the performance of polymers such as thermal cycling, stress level, and environmental effects. Some recent developments at NASA Langley in polyimides, poly(arylene ethers), and acetylenic terminated materials are discussed. The high performance/high temperature polymers discussed are representative of the type of work underway at NASA Langley Research Center. Further improvement in these materials as well as the development of new polymers will provide technology to help meet NASA future needs in high performance/high temperature applications. In addition, because of the combination of properties offered by many of these polymers, they should find use in many other applications.
OOK power model based dynamic error testing for smart electricity meter (2017)

This paper formulates the dynamic error testing problem for a smart meter, with consideration and investigation of both the testing signal and the dynamic error testing method. To solve the dynamic error testing problems, the paper establishes an on-off-keying (OOK) testing dynamic current model and an OOK testing dynamic load energy (TDLE) model. Then two types of TDLE sequences and three modes of OOK testing dynamic power are proposed. In addition, a novel algorithm, which helps to solve the problem of dynamic electric energy measurement's traceability, is derived for dynamic errors. Based on the above researches, OOK TDLE sequence generation equipment is developed and a dynamic error testing system is constructed. Using the testing system, five kinds of meters were tested in the three dynamic power modes. The test results show that the dynamic error is closely related to dynamic power mode and the measurement uncertainty is 0.38%.
Visna Virus-Induced Activation of MAPK Is Required for Virus Replication and Correlates with Virus-Induced Neuropathology (2002)

It is well accepted that viruses require access to specific intracellular environments in order to proliferate or, minimally, to secure future proliferative potential as latent reservoirs. Hence, identification of essential virus-cell interactions should both refine current models of virus replication and proffer alternative targets for therapeutic intervention. In the present study, we examined the activation states of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ERK-1/2, in primary cells susceptible to visna virus and report that virus infection induces and sustains activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway. Treatment of infected cells with PD98059, a specific inhibitor of the ERK/MAPK pathway, abolishes visna virus replication, as evidenced by extremely low levels of Gag protein expression and reverse transcriptase activity in culture supernatants. In addition, although visna virus-induced activation of MAPK is detectable within 15 min, early events of viral replication (i.e., reverse transcription, integration, and transcription) are largely unaffected by PD98059. Interestingly, further examination demonstrated that treatment with PD98059 results in decreased cytoplasmic expression of gag and env, but not rev, mRNA, highly suggestive of an ERK/MAPK-dependent defect in Rev function. In vivo analysis of ERK-1/2 activation in brains derived from visna virus-infected sheep demonstrates a strong correlation between ERK/MAPK activation and virus-associated encephalitis. Moreover, double-labeling experiments revealed that activation of MAPK occurs not only in cells classically infected by visna virus (i.e., macrophages and microglia), but also in astrocytes, cells not considered to be major targets of visna virus replication, suggesting that activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway may contribute to the virus-induced processes leading to neurodegenerative pathology.
Environmental history in Western Australia before 1980 (2011)

Amateur and professional historians both contributed to the evolution of environmental history in Western Australia. While due recognition must be made of the influence of international and eastern Australian scholarship, the historical geographers in particular, it remains the case that much of the impetus for recognising the importance of environmental factors in the Western Australian past came from historians working locally. This should not be surprising in a society of recent European origin which until the 1960s depended on wool and wheat as major staples. Researchers tracing historical change over the relatively brief period of settlement since 1829 could not help observing rapid transformations of landscape and ecology during that period. It was maybe also relevant that even the residents of the capital city, Perth, lived with Kings Park as what was considered an icon of natural bush, although in reality one that had undergone considerable modification.
Classical mathematics in the classical Mediterranean (1997)

This article offers two maps describing the geographical distribution of mathematicians in antiquity (up to the end of the fifth century AD). Following these maps, a few possible directions for study are suggested. The basic structure of the geographical distribution in this case is identified as ‘single centre plus peripheral scatter’, the centre being first Athens, and later Alexandria. Questions are raised concerning the relative roles of centre and periphery, the identity of the centres, the geographical areas where the periphery is located, and the relations between this distribution and others.
Short‐axis versus Long‐axis Approaches for Teaching Ultrasound‐guided Vascular Access on a New Inanimate Model (2003)

Novice US users obtain vascular access faster with an SA approach on an inanimate model.
Characterization of polygalacturonases from yeast and fungi. (1991)

Three endopolygalacturonases (endo-PG) were purified from a laboratory Kluyveromyces fragilis culture (PG I) and from commercial pectinase preparation based on A. aculeatus (PG II) and A. niger (PG III). Their action on six different substrates was studied, which were prepared from apple and sugar-beet pectins and modified for specific degrees of methyl- and acetyl-esterification. Degradation of these substrates by the three endo-PGs was measured by HPLC and reducing end-groups analysis.
PostGraphe: A System for the Generation of Statistical Graphics and Text (1996)

Graphics and text have to be well integrated in order to achieve their full potential.A picture shows but a text describes.In a statistical report, graphics show the data that is analyzed in the text.This paper describes a system, called PostGraphe, which generates a report integrating graphics and text from a single set of writer's intentions.The system is given the data in tabular form as might be found in a spreadsheet; also input is a declaration of the types of values in the columns of the table.The user chooses the intentions to be conveyed in the graphics (e.g.compare two variables, show the evolution of a set of variables ...) and the system generates a report in IgTEX with the appropriate PostScript graphic files.
Methacrylate Polymers Containing Metal Binding Ligands for Use in Supramolecular Materials:  Random Copolymers Containing Terpyridines (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTMethacrylate Polymers Containing Metal Binding Ligands for Use in Supramolecular Materials: Random Copolymers Containing TerpyridinesKevin J. Calzia and Gregory N. TewView Author Information Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 16, 6090–6093Publication Date (Web):June 28, 2002Publication History Received7 May 2002Revised4 June 2002Published online28 June 2002Published inissue 1 July 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma025551jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma025551jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1023Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Metals,Polymers,Pyridines,Viscosity Get e-Alerts
Selecting the median (1995)

Improving a long-standing result of Schonhage, Paterson, and Pippenger [ J. Comput. System Sci., 13 (1976), pp. 184--199] we show that the median of a set containing $n$ elements can always be found using at most $c \cdot n$ comparisons, where c<2.95.
Luftgetragene Stoffe (1999)

ZusammenfassungForschungsergebnisse, die vermehrt in den letzten zehn Jahren veröffentlicht wurden, zeigen, daß zunehmend Ökosysteme durch Stoffe beeinträchtigt werden, die weit vom Emissionsstandort entfernt über den Luftpfad transportiert und auf Vegetation, in Böden und im Gewässer deponiert werden. Hierbei stehen die schon in Tab. 2-3 genannten Stoffe bzw. Stoffgruppen im Vordergrund.
Best of Both Worlds: Conjugated Polymers Exhibiting Good Photovoltaic Behavior and High Tensile Elasticity (2014)

This paper examines a series of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs), a class of materials for which mechanical compliance and electronic performance have been observed to be in competition. P3ATs with longer alkyl side chains (n ≥ 8) have high elasticity and ductility, but poor electronic performance (as manifested in photovoltaic efficiency in blends with fullerenes); P3ATs with shorter chains (n ≤ 6) exhibit the opposite characteristics. A series of four polymer films in which the average length of the side chain is n = 7 is tested using mechanical, spectroscopic, microscopic, and photovoltaic device-based measurements to determine whether or not it is possible, in principle, to maximize both mechanical and electronic performance in a single organic semiconductor (the “best of both worlds”). The four polymer samples are (1) a physical blend of equal parts P3HT and P3OT (P3HT:P3OT, n = 6 and n = 8), (2) a block copolymer (P3HT-b-P3OT), (3) a random copolymer (P3HT-co-P3OT), and (4) poly(3-heptylthiophene) (P3HpT, n = 7). The tensile moduli obtained by mechanical buckling correlate well with spectroscopic evidence (using the weakly interacting H aggregate model) of a well-ordered microstructure of the polymers. The block copolymer was the stiffest of the hybrid samples (680 ± 180 MPa), while P3HpT exhibited maximum compliance (70 ± 10 MPa) and power conversion efficiency in a 1:1 blend with the fullerene PC61BM using stretchable electrodes (PCE = 2.16 ± 0.17%) that was similar to that of P3HT:PC61BM. These analyses may permit the design of organic semiconductors with improved mechanical and electronic properties for mechanically robust and stretchable applications.
Anisotropic Etching of Atomically Thin MoS<sub>2</sub> (2013)

Exposure to oxygen at 300–340 °C results in triangular etch pits with uniform orientation on the surfaces of atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), indicating anisotropic etching terminating on lattice planes. The triangular pits grow laterally with oxidation time. The density of pits scarcely depends on oxidation time, temperature, and MoS2 thickness but varies significantly from sample to sample, indicating that etching is initiated at native defect sites on the basal plane surface rather than activated by substrate effects such as charged impurities or surface roughness. Raman spectroscopy confirms that oxygen treatment produces no molybdenum oxide (MoO3) below 340 °C. However, upon oxidation above 200 °C, the Raman A1g mode upshifts and the linewidth decreases, indicating p-type doping of MoS2. Oxidation at 400 °C results in complete conversion to MoO3.
Estimating Probabilities of Hurricane Wind Speeds Using a Large-Scale Empirical Model (1991)

A new method is presented for estimating the probability of exceeding a given wind speed in 1 year at any given location in the Atlantic tropical cyclone basin. The method is especially appropriate for wind speeds with return periods of 100 years or more, for which on-the-spot data are inadequate. The relative intensity of a tropical cyclone at any point in time is the actual central pressure drop divided by the greatest possible central pressure drop that mean seasonal climatic conditions allow. The empirical distribution of relative intensity as a function of time is derived from all Atlantic cyclone data. By combining this with information about the distribution of time from cyclone inception to closest approach to the site, and other steps, probabilities for various wind speeds at the site are obtained. Unlike other methods, this one does not attempt to fit data to any extreme value distribution, and it performs all integrations by discretizing and summing explicitly, never by simulation. The results at the Turkey Point Power Plant site in south Florida am in good agreement at lower wind speeds with National Hurricane Center estimates using local data for 1886–1988.
HUMORAL HYPOTHALAMIC CONTROL OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY: A STUDY WITH COMBINED TISSUECULTURES (1955)

The current concepts of hypothalamo-pituitary relationships are based on the results of numerous in vivo experiments (Harris, 1951; Fortier, 1951; McCann, 1953; Hume, 1949; Benoit and Assenmacher, 1953). The possibility of investigating this problem by simple in vitro techniques was particularly challenging in view of a number of findings which suggested the necessity of some hypothalamic factor, so far overlooked, for the release of pituitary hormones in vitro. Indeed, conflicting results are to be found in the literature regarding possible secretion of hormones by the various endocrines in tissue cultures. If we consider the anterior lobe of the pituitary, it has been reported as able to produce gonadotrophins (Rosenberg, 1954), or growth hormone (Gaillard, 1948; Martinovitch, 1953) whereas other investigators concluded that it could not secrete gonadotrophins (Cutting and Lewis, 1938) or any hormone whatever (Anderson and Haymaker, 1935). It appears from a study of this literature that, whenever hormonal production has been found at all,
A new robot control system with open architecture (2002)

The closed architecture of conventional robot control systems is an obstacle to many robot applications, especially to the research projects in which the control schemes or the system parameters used by robot controllers need to be modified. For such cases, the architecture of the robot control system is obviously required to be open and interactive with users. This paper presents a new robot control system with open architecture and an interactive user interface developed at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. First, we present the architecture for our system hardware and software followed with simple explanations of each module. Then, we focus our attention on the system software and make a detail explanation of a crucial module the communication module of the system. Finally, we give a real world example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
The Leaky Integrate-and-Fire neuron: A platform for synaptic model exploration on the SpiNNaker chip (2010)

Large-scale neural hardware systems are trending increasingly towards the “neuromimetic” architecture: a general-purpose platform that specialises the hardware for neural networks but allows flexibility in model choice. Since the model is not hard-wired into the chip, exploration of different neural and synaptic models is not merely possible but provides a rich field for research: the possibility to use the hardware to establish useful abstractions of biological neural dynamics that could lead to a functional model of neural computation. Two areas of neural modelling stand out as central: 1) What level of detail in the neurodynamic model is necessary to achieve biologically realistic behaviour? 2) What is role and effect of different types of synapses in the computation? Using a universal event-driven neural chip, SpiNNaker, we develop a simple model, the Leaky-Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neuron, as a tool for exploring the second of these questions, complementary to the existing Izhikevich model which allows exploration of the first of these questions. The LIF model permits the development of multiple synaptic models including fast AMPA/GABA-A synapses with or without STDP learning, and slow NMDA synapses, spanning a range of different dynamic time constants. Its simple dynamics make it possible to expand the complexity of synaptic response, while the general-purpose design of SpiNNaker makes it possible if necessary to increase the neurodynamic accuracy with Izhikevich (or even Hodgkin-Huxley) neurons with some tradeoff in model size. Furthermore, the LIF model is a universally-accepted “standard” neural model that provides a good basis for comparisons with software simulations and introduces minimal risk of obscuring important synaptic effects due to unusual neurodynamics. The simple models run thus far demonstrate the viability of both the LIF model and of various possible synaptic models on SpiNNaker and illustrate how it can be used as a platform for model exploration. Such an architecture provides a scalable system for high-performance large-scale neural modelling with complete freedom in model choice.
Spin polarization of Co2MnGe and Co2MnSi thin films with A2 and L21 structures (2007)

Spin polarizations (P) of polycrystalline Co2MnGe and Co2MnSi films that were sputter deposited on thermally oxidized Si substrates at various substrate temperatures (Ts) were measured by the point contact Andreev reflection technique. While continuous films were grown at Ts=500°C with the L21 structure, Mn-deficit islands were formed at Ts&gt;700°C. P showed strong dependence on the state of order of the alloys; P=0.58 for L21 ordered Co2MnGe, P=0.35 for A2 Co2MnGe, P=0.54 for L21 ordered Co2MnSi, and P=0.52 for A2 Co2MnSi. The experimentally determined P values of the L21 ordered films are lower than the theoretical predictions, which is attributed to the imperfect L21 ordering.
Towards Motion Aware Light Field Video for Dynamic Scenes (2013)

Current Light Field (LF) cameras offer fixed resolution in space, time and angle which is decided a-priori and is independent of the scene. These cameras either trade-off spatial resolution to capture single-shot LF or tradeoff temporal resolution by assuming a static scene to capture high spatial resolution LF. Thus, capturing high spatial resolution LF video for dynamic scenes remains an open and challenging problem. We present the concept, design and implementation of a LF video camera that allows capturing high resolution LF video. The spatial, angular and temporal resolution are not fixed a-priori and we exploit the scene-specific redundancy in space, time and angle. Our reconstruction is motion-aware and offers a continuum of resolution tradeoff with increasing motion in the scene. The key idea is (a) to design efficient multiplexing matrices that allow resolution tradeoffs, (b) use dictionary learning and sparse representations for robust reconstruction, and (c) perform local motion-aware adaptive reconstruction. We perform extensive analysis and characterize the performance of our motion-aware reconstruction algorithm. We show realistic simulations using a graphics simulator as well as real results using a LCoS based programmable camera. We demonstrate novel results such as high resolution digital refocusing for dynamic moving objects.
Evaluation of the Long-Term Anti-Human Papillomavirus 6 (HPV6), 11, 16, and 18 Immune Responses Generated by the Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine (2015)

This quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) (HPV6, -11, -16, and -18) vaccine long-term follow-up (LTFU) study is an ongoing extension of a pivotal clinical study (FUTURE II) taking place in the Nordic region. The LTFU study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety of the qHPV vaccine (Gardasil) for at least 10 years following completion of the base study. The current report presents immunogenicity data from testing samples of the year 5 LTFU visit (approximately 9 years after vaccination). FUTURE II vaccination arm subjects, who consented to being followed in the LTFU, donated serum at regular intervals and in 2012. Anti-HPV6, -11, -16, and -18 antibodies were detected by the competitive Luminex immunoassay (cLIA), and in addition, serum samples from 2012 were analyzed by the total IgG Luminex immunoassay (LIA) (n = 1,598). cLIA geometric mean titers (GMTs) remained between 70% and 93% of their month 48 value depending on HPV type. For all HPV types, the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the year 9 GMTs remained above the serostatus cutoff value. The proportion of subjects who remained seropositive based on the IgG LIA was higher than the proportion based on cLIA, especially for anti-HPV18. As expected, the anti-HPV serum IgG and cLIA responses were strongly correlated for all HPV types. Anti-HPV GMTs and the proportion of vaccinated individuals who are seropositive remain high for up to 9 years of follow-up after vaccination.