gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Amperometric Biosensor Based on the Coimmobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase and Methylene Blue on a Carbon Nanotubes Modified Electrode (2003)

Abstract A novel hydrogen peroxide biosensor has been constructed based on the characteristics of the carbon nanotube. The multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) was used as a coimmobilization matrix to incorporate horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and electron transfer mediator methylene blue (MB) onto a glassy carbon electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometric measurements were employed to demonstrate the feasibility of methylene blue as an electron carrier between the immobilized peroxidase and the surface of glassy carbon electrode. The amperometric response of this resulting biosensor to H 2 O 2 shows a linear relation in the range from 4 μM to 2 mM. The detection limit was 1 μM when the signal to noise ratio is 3. The presence of dopamine and ascorbic acid hardly affects the sensitive determination of H 2 O 2 . This biosensor also possesses very good stability and reproducibility.
Application of digital signal processors for industrial magnetic bearings (1994)

Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) are an example for industrial applications of digital signal processors (DSPs). The complex control functions involved include multichannel control in a delay-time sensitive system. DSPs are well suited for this challenging application. Hardware and software issues are discussed. Unbalance compensation and other additional functions of the controller are presented. An industrial milling spindle with AMBs and DSP control is discussed in detail. A section on AMB research projects with DSP control indicates future trends.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Methods for identification of images acquired with digital cameras</title> (2001)

From the court we were asked whether it is possible to determine if an image has been made with a specific digital camera. This question has to be answered in child pornography cases, where evidence is needed that a certain picture has been made with a specific camera. We have looked into different methods of examining the cameras to determine if a specific image has been made with a camera: defects in CCDs, file formats that are used, noise introduced by the pixel arrays and watermarking in images used by the camera manufacturer.
Using family work to support an Asian man coping with psychosis (2010)

When mental illness occurs in an Asian family, it is often hidden. Robina Green and colleagues examine how family work may help break down barriers
Altered Kinematics of Facial Emotion Expression and Emotion Recognition Deficits Are Unrelated in Parkinson’s Disease (2016)

The results in this study provide further evidence of altered emotional processing in PD. The lack of any correlation between altered facial emotion expression kinematics and emotion recognition deficits in patients suggests that these abnormalities are mediated by separate pathophysiological mechanisms.
Dynamic Model of a Holonomic Mobile Robot with Actuated Caster Wheels (2006)

A dynamic model for the holonomic mobile robot C3P is proposed. The C3P has three caster wheels with angular velocities actuation. The model consists of two main dynamic equations which have been derived symbolically using a Lagrange approach. The first equation is the forward dynamics which is used to calculate the wheels angular velocities corresponding to the applied torques on the wheels. The second equation is the steering dynamic estimator for recursive calculation of the steering angles and their derivatives with respect to the wheel angular velocities and acceleration. The velocity control of the C3P using the dynamic model is simulated and compared to the kinematics based controller which have been proposed earlier. The simulation and experimental results clearly show the advantages of the dynamic model in relation to the kinematic one
Rapid label-free identification of pathogenic bacteria species from a minute quantity exploiting three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging and artificial neural network (2019)

Abstract The healthcare industry is in dire need for rapid microbial identification techniques. Microbial infection is a major healthcare issue with significant prevalence and mortality, which can be treated effectively during the early stages using appropriate antibiotics. However, determining the appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of the early stages of infection remains a challenge, mainly due to the lack of rapid microbial identification techniques. Conventional culture-based identification and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy are the gold standard methods, but the sample amplification process is extremely time-consuming. Here, we propose an identification framework that can be used to measure minute quantities of microbes by incorporating artificial neural networks with three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging. We aimed to accurately identify the species of bacterial bloodstream infection pathogens based on a single colony-forming unit of the bacteria. The successful distinction between a total of 19 species, with the accuracy of 99.9% when ten bacteria were measured, suggests that our framework can serve as an effective advisory tool for clinicians during the initial antibiotic prescription. Abstract Figure
Biofilm formation by<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (1999)

Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637 produces a water-insoluble biofilm when grown under defined conditions with a high carbon:nitrogen ratio in continuous culture and in 10% strength Brucella broth supplemented with 3 g l-1 glucose. Biofilm accumulated at the air/liquid interface of the culture. Light microscopy of frozen sections of the biofilm material showed few bacterial cells in the mass of the biofilm. The material stained with periodic acid Schiff's reagent. Fucose, glucose, galactose, and glycero-manno-heptose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid were identified in partially purified and in crude material, using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The sugar composition strongly indicates the presence of a polysaccharide as a component of the biofilm material. Antibodies (IgG) to partially purified material were found in both sero-positive and sero-negative individuals. Treatment of the biofilm material with periodic acid reduced or abolished immunoreactivity. Treatment with 5 mol l-1 urea at 100 degrees C and with phenol did not remove antigenic recognition by patient sera. The production of a water-insoluble biofilm by H. pylori may be important in enhancing resistance to host defence factors and antibiotics, and in microenvironmental pH homeostasis facilitating the growth and survival of H. pylori in vivo.
Constitutively active phosphatase inhibitor-1 improves cardiac contractility in young mice but is deleterious after catecholaminergic stress and with aging (2010)

Phosphatase inhibitor-1 (I-1) is a distal amplifier element of beta-adrenergic signaling that functions by preventing dephosphorylation of downstream targets. I-1 is downregulated in human failing hearts, while overexpression of a constitutively active mutant form (I-1c) reverses contractile dysfunction in mouse failing hearts, suggesting that I-1c may be a candidate for gene therapy. We generated mice with conditional cardiomyocyte-restricted expression of I-1c (referred to herein as dTGI-1c mice) on an I-1-deficient background. Young adult dTGI-1c mice exhibited enhanced cardiac contractility but exaggerated contractile dysfunction and ventricular dilation upon catecholamine infusion. Telemetric ECG recordings revealed typical catecholamine-induced ventricular tachycardia and sudden death. Doxycycline feeding switched off expression of cardiomyocyte-restricted I-1c and reversed all abnormalities. Hearts from dTGI-1c mice showed hyperphosphorylation of phospholamban and the ryanodine receptor, and this was associated with an increased number of catecholamine-induced Ca2+ sparks in isolated myocytes. Aged dTGI-1c mice spontaneously developed a cardiomyopathic phenotype. These data were confirmed in a second independent transgenic mouse line, expressing a full-length I-1 mutant that could not be phosphorylated and thereby inactivated by PKC-alpha (I-1S67A). In conclusion, conditional expression of I-1c or I-1S67A enhanced steady-state phosphorylation of 2 key Ca2+-regulating sarcoplasmic reticulum enzymes. This was associated with increased contractile function in young animals but also with arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy after adrenergic stress and with aging. These data should be considered in the development of novel therapies for heart failure.
256-State Rate 1/2 Viterbi Decoder on TTA Processor (2006)

Efficient and flexible Viterbi decoding is an important problem in implementation of modern telecommunications systems. In this paper, a 256-state, rate 1/2 Viterbi decoder is implemented on a transport triggered architecture processor. Due to the processor-based platform, the implementation is flexible and it can achieve relatively high decoding speed. The decoder is implemented by tailoring the processor to meet the requirements of Viterbi decoding. The processor is enhanced with a number of special function units, which accelerate the decoding. As a result, the decoding can be carried out efficiently on a processor-based platform.
Optimization of custom MOS circuits by transistor sizing (1996)

Optimization of a circuit by transistor sizing is often a slow, tedious and iterative manual process which relies on designer intuition. Circuit simulation is carried out in the inner loop of this tuning procedure. Automating the transistor sizing process is an important step towards being able to rapidly design high-performance, custom circuits. JiffyTune is a new circuit optimization tool that automates the tuning task. Delay, rise/fall time, area and power targets are accommodated. Each (weighted) target can be either a constraint or an objective function. Minimax optimization is supported. Transistors can be ratioed and similar structures grouped to ensure regular layouts. Bounds on transistor widths are supported. JiffyTune uses LANCELOT, a large-scale nonlinear optimization package with an augmented Lagrangian formulation. Simple bounds are handled explicitly and trust region methods are applied to minimize a composite objective function. In the inner loop of the optimization, the fast circuit simulator SPECS is used to evaluate the circuit. SPECS is unique in its ability to efficiently provide time-domain sensitivities, thereby enabling gradient-based optimization. Both the adjoint and direct methods of sensitivity computation have been implemented in SPECS. To assist the user, interfaces in the Cadence and SLED design systems have been constructed. These interfaces automate the specification of the optimization task, the running of the optimizer and the back-annotation of the results on to the circuit schematic. JiffyTune has been used to tune over 100 circuits for a custom, high-performance microprocessor that makes use of dynamic logic circuits. Circuits with over 250 tunable transistors have been successfully optimized. Automatic circuit tuning has been found to facilitate design re-use. The designers' focus shifts from solving the optimization problem to specifying it correctly and completely. This paper describes the algorithms of JiffyTune, the environment in which it is used and presents a case study of the application of JiffyTune to individual circuits of the microprocessor.
Electronic Conductivity in the Li<sub>4/3</sub>Ti<sub>5/3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–Li<sub>7/3</sub>Ti<sub>5/3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> System and Variation with State‐of‐Charge as a Li Battery Anode (2013)

The electronic conductivity of lithium titanate spinel (Li4/3Ti5/3O4) is measured as a function of lithiation and temperature. The electronic conductivity of fully lithiated spinel (Li7/3Ti5/3O4) is 2.46 S cm−1 at 300 K and is weakly thermally activated. High electronic conductivity is observed over a wide lithiation range down to x~0.04 and suggests that lithium chemical diffusion is ionically limited over most of the state of charge regime.
Purification and properties of a 1,3-β-glucanase from Penicillium oxalicum autolysates (1989)

High 1,3-beta-glucanase activity was detected during autolysis in a culture medium containing Penicillium oxalicum. It was due to the combined action of four enzymes. The purification process for the major enzyme produced a homogeneous band in the SDS polyacrylamide gel that corresponded to a molecular weight of 79,400 daltons. The enzyme pI was 6.3 and it was only active against 1,3-beta-glucans, with a S0.5 of 0.23 mg ml-1 against laminarin. The enzymatic optima were found at pH 4 and 55 degrees C, and instability was evident when pH and temperature were altered. The enzyme was not active against oxidated laminarin and was barely inhibited by glucono-D-lactone. Hg2+, Ag+ and Fe2+ were effective inhibitors. The enzyme was adsorbed by concanavalin-A-sepharose.
Carry-select adder using single ripple-carry adder (1998)

Instead of using dual carry-ripple adders, a carry select adder scheme using an add-one circuit to replace one carry-ripple adder requires 29.2% fewer transistors with a speed penalty of 5.9% for bit length n = 64. If speed is crucial for this 64 bit adder, then two of the original carry-select adder blocks can be substituted by the proposed scheme with a 6.3% area saving and the same speed.
Compact size and low profile IPD diplexer design applied on wireless module of mobile phone (2016)

In this paper, the compact size and low profile integration passive device (IPD) diplexer is designed based on IPD process. The overall size of IPD diplexer is 1.0mm by 0.5mm with thickness less than 0.3mm with solder ball. Through electromagnetic (EM) solver, the insertion loss on low-band and high-band is below 1dB and better than LTCC solution. In addition, its attenuation is excellent compared to LTCC component. In real applications, a wireless system-in-package (SiP) module is designed by using the IPD diplexer. The simulated insertion loss of low and high channels not only shows better electrical performance, but also has a more compact size than LTCC solution.
[Study on synthesis on a novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler and its antibacterial property]. (2012)

The nano-silica particle grafted with quaternary ammonium salt has a strong antibacterial property and could be used to improve dental composite resin antibacterial property.
φFLIM: a new method to avoid aliasing in frequency‐domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2003)

In conventional wide-field frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), excitation light is intensity-modulated at megahertz frequencies. Emitted fluorescence is recorded by a CCD camera through an image intensifier, which is modulated at the same frequency. From images recorded at various phase differences between excitation and intensifier gain modulation, the phase and modulation depth of the emitted light is obtained. The fluorescence lifetime is determined from the delay and the decrease in modulation depth of the emission relative to the excitation. A minimum of three images is required, but in this case measurements become susceptible to aliasing caused by the presence of higher harmonics. Taking more images to avoid this is not always possible owing to phototoxicity or movement. A method is introduced, phiFLIM, requiring only three recordings that is not susceptible to aliasing. The phase difference between the excitation and the intensifier is scanned over the entire 360 degrees range following a predefined phase profile, during which the image produced by the intensifier is integrated onto the CCD camera, yielding a single image. Three different images are produced following this procedure, each with a different phase profile. Measurements were performed with a conventional wide-field frequency-domain FLIM system based on an acousto-optic modulator for modulation of the excitation and a microchannel-plate image intensifier coupled to a CCD camera for the detection. By analysis of the harmonic content of measured signals it was found that the third harmonic was effectively the highest present. Using the conventional method with three recordings, phase errors due to aliasing of up to +/- 29 degrees and modulation depth errors of up to 30% were found. Errors in lifetimes of YFP-transfected HeLa cells were as high as 100%. With phiFLIM, using the same specimen and settings, systematic errors due to aliasing did not occur.
Design of infrared wavelength-selective microbolometers using planar multimode detectors (2004)

Multimode microbolometers for wavelength-selective infrared detection have been designed using a genetic algorithm and an electromagnetic model of the planar antenna. Wavelength selectivity can be varied by changing lithographically drawn parameters, with bandwidth narrower than Fabry-Perot microbolometers. The design of a three-colour system covering the 7–14 µm band is presented.
New Analgesics Synthetically Derived from the Paracetamol Metabolite<i>N</i>-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-(5<i>Z</i>,8<i>Z</i>,11<i>Z</i>,14<i>Z</i>)-icosatetra-5,8,11,14-enamide (2008)

N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetra-5,8,11,14-enamide (AM404) is a metabolite of the well-known analgesic paracetamol. AM404 inhibits endocannabinoid cellular uptake, binds weakly to CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, and is formed by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in vivo. We prepared three derivatives of this new (endo)cannabinoid using bioisosteric replacement (1), homology (2), and derivatization (3) of the 4-aminophenol moiety in AM404 and tested them against CB1, CB2, and FAAH. We found affinities toward both cannabinoid receptors equal to or greater than that of AM404. Shortening the acyl chain from C20 to C2 led to three new paracetamol analogues: N-(1H-indazol-5-yl)acetamide (5), N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)acetamide (6), and N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide (7). Again, 5, 6, and 7 were tested against CB1, CB2, and FAAH without significant activity. However, 5 and 7 behaved like inhibitors of cyclooxygenases in whole blood assays. Finally, 5 (50 mg/kg) and 6 (275 mg/kg) displayed analgesic activities comparable to paracetamol (200 mg/kg) in the mouse formalin test.
Homoepitaxial Growth of Vanadium-Doped 4H-SiC Using Bis-Trimethylsilylmethane and Verrocene Precursors (2007)

The authors attempted to grow a semi-insulating SiC epitaxial layer by in-situ vanadium doping. The homoepitaxial growth of the vanadium-doped 4H-SiC layer was performed by MOCVD using the organo-silicon precursor, bis-trimethylsilylmethane (BTMSM, [C7H20Si2]) and the metal-organic precursor, bis-cyclopentadienylvanadium (Verrocene, [C10H10V]). Vanadium doping effect on crystallinity of epilayer was very destructive. Vanadium-doped epilayers grown on normal condition had various surface or crystal defects such as micropipes, polytype inclusions. But this crystallinity degradation was overcome by high growth temperature. For the measurement of the resistivity of the highly resistive vanadium-doped 4H-SiC epilayers, the authors used the on-resistance technique. Based on the measurements of the on-resistance of the epilayers using the current-voltage technique, it is shown that the residual donor concentration of the epilayers was decreased with increasing partial pressure of verrocene. The resistivity of the vanadium-doped 4H-SiC epilayer was about 107 /cm.
Design of LED Three-Dimensional Imaging System Based on Singlechip (2013)

Three-dimensional imaging can truly reproduce the form of things in the-dimensional space and show a larger amount of information and power interactive visual experience.A LED three-dimensional imaging system is designed based on singlechip as control core in this paper.For the functional demand the double control strategy is adopted that is commands are sent from PC computer to singlechip through serial port and then the whole imaging system is driven and control by singlechip.The experiment results show the design of this system can provide powerful technical support for the research and development of large-scale three-dimensional imaging system.
Synthesis and Properties of Poly(acrylic acid)/Mica Superabsorbent Nanocomposite (2001)

A novel poly(acrylic acid)/mica superabsorbent composite was synthesized by graft polymerization reaction between partially neutralized acrylic acid and ultrafine mica mineral powder. The water absorbency of the composite is higher than 1 100 g H2O/g. The influence of the neutralization degree of acrylic acid, as well as of the amounts of mica and crosslinker on the absorbing properties are discussed in this paper.
Electrical stimulation of the auditory brain stem structure in deafened adults (1987)

Electrical stimulation of the cochlear nuclear complex in the brain stem was first accomplished in a female adult deafened by bilateral acoustic tumors. The central electroauditory prosthesis (CEP) was surgically placed at the time of the second tumor removal. The patient has now been receiving electrical stimulation for 5 years. Six more adults have received the CEP at the time of tumor surgery. Clinical results indicate fluctuations in electrical measurements over time, particularly in the first weeks following surgery. Patients are able to sustain tone perception for one minute at all frequencies tested. Auditory discrimination test results reveal above-chance performance on suprasegmental measures, similar to scores achieved by cochlear implant users. No serious complications have occurred to date.
Self-aligned silicon tips coated with diamondlike carbon (1997)

Silicon field emitter tips are coated with diamondlike carbon (DLC) film. Argon-ion bombardment of the tips increased the aspect ratio and helped uniform DLC coating. Using DLC-coated tips, we have fabricated a self-aligned gated field emission array.
Electroconductive Hydrogels: Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Polypyrrole‐Poly(HEMA) Composites (2004)

Abstract Composites of inherently conductive polypyrrole (PPy) within highly hydrophilic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐based hydrogels (p(HEMA)) have been fabricated and their electrochemical properties investigated. The electrochemical characteristics observed by cyclic voltammetry suggest less facile reduction of PPy within the composite hydrogel compared to electropolymerized PPy, as shown by the shift in the reduction peak potential from −472 mV for electropolymerized polypyrrole to −636 mV for the electroconductive composite gel. The network impedance magnitude for the electroconductive hydrogel remains quite low, ca. 100 Ω, even upon approach to DC, over all frequencies and at all offset potentials suggesting retained electronic (bipolaronic) conductivity within the composite. In contrast, sustained application of +0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3 M Cl − ) for typically 100 min. (conditioning) to reduce the background amperometric current to <1.0 μA, resulted in complete loss of electroactivity. Nyquist plots suggest that sustained application of such a modest potential to the composite hydrogel results in impedance characteristics that resembles p(HEMA) without evidence of the conducting polymer component. PPy composite gels supported a larger ferrocene monocarboxylate diffusivity ( D appt =7.97×10 −5 cm 2 s −1 ) compared to electropolymerized PPy ( D appt =5.56×10 −5 cm 2 s −1 ), however a marked reduction in diffusivity ( D appt =1.01×10 −5 cm 2 s −1 ) was observed with the conditioned hydrogel composite. Cyclic voltammograms in buffer containing H 2 O 2 showed an absence of redox peaks for electrodes coated with PPy‐containing membranes, suggesting possible chemical oxidation of polypyrrole by the oxidant