gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of immunotherapeutic agents: the example of imuthiol. (1986)

Immunotherapeutic (IMT) agents are intended to restore or reequilibrate a faltering immune system. These aims will be attained provided the agent fulfills minimum requirements: in vivo defined activities; lack of suppressive, sensitizing, or autoimmunity-inducing influence; no immunotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Known chemical structure, analytical procedure, toxicology and pharmacology are also prerequisites. A follow-up pattern of sequential and progressively more demanding assays through which IMT agents could be screened for therapeutic potential is suggested. The example of Imuthiol, tested accordingly, demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed procedure.
Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Severe<i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>Disease in Europe (2009)

In an attempt to compare the epidemiology of severe Streptococcus pyogenes infection within Europe, prospective data were collected through the Strep-EURO program. Surveillance for severe cases of S. pyogenes infection diagnosed during 2003 and 2004 was undertaken in 11 countries across Europe by using a standardized case definition and questionnaire. Patient data as well as bacterial isolates were collected and characterized by T and M/emm typing, and selected strains were analyzed for the presence of superantigen genes. Data were analyzed to compare the clinical and microbiological patterns of the infections across the participating countries. A total of 4,353 isolates were collected from 5,521 cases with severe S. pyogenes infections who were identified. A wide diversity of M/emm types (n = 104) was found among the S. pyogenes clinical isolates, but the M/emm type distribution varied broadly between participating countries. The 10 most predominant M/emm types were M/emm type 1 (M/emm1), M/emm28, M/emm3, M/emm89, M/emm87, M/emm12, M/emm4, M/emm83, M/emm81, and M/emm5, in descending order. A correlation was found between some specific disease manifestations, the age of the patients, and the emm types. Although streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis were caused by a large number of types, they were particularly associated with M/emm1 and M/emm3. The emm types included in the 26-valent vaccine under development were generally well represented in the present material; 16 of the vaccine types accounted for 69% of isolates. The Strep-EURO collaborative program has contributed to enhancement of the knowledge of the spread of invasive disease caused by S. pyogenes within Europe and encourages future surveillance by the notification of cases and the characterization of strains, which are important for vaccination strategies and other health care issues.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Progressive Addition Lenses versus Single Vision Lenses on the Progression of Myopia in Children (2003)

Use of PALs compared with SVLs slowed the progression of myopia in COMET children by a small, statistically significant amount only during the first year. The size of the treatment effect remained similar and significant for the next 2 years. The results provide some support for the COMET rationale-that is, a role for defocus in progression of myopia. The small magnitude of the effect does not warrant a change in clinical practice.
Mirabegron for the treatment of overactive bladder: a prespecified pooled efficacy analysis and pooled safety analysis of three randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase <scp>III</scp> studies (2013)

The efficacy and safety of mirabegron are demonstrated in this large pooled clinical trial dataset in patients with OAB.
Effects of annealing on the color, absorption spectra, and light yield of Ce:YAlO3 single crystal grown by the temperature gradient technique (2003)

YAlO 3 single crystal doped with Ce3+ at concentration 1% was grown by the temperature gradient technique. The as-grown crystal was pink. After H2 annealing or air annealing at 1400 °C for 20 h, the crystal was turned into colorless. We concluded there were two kinds of color centers in the as-grown crystal. One is F+ center attributed to absorption band peaking at about 530 nm, the other is O− center attributed to absorption band peaking at about 390 nm. This color centers model can be applied in explaining the experiment phenomena including the color changes, the absorption spectra changes, and the light yield changes of Ce:YAP crystals before and after annealing.
Mt/G/∞ Queues with Sinusoidal Arrival Rates (1993)

In this paper we describe the mean number of busy servers as a function of time in an M t /G/∞ queue (having a nonhomogeneous Poisson arrival process) with a sinusoidal arrival rate function. For an M t /G/∞ model with appropriate initial conditions, it is known that the number of busy servers at time t has a Poisson distribution for each t, so that the full distribution is characterized by its mean. Our formulas show how the peak congestion lags behind the peak arrival rate and how much less is the range of congestion than the range of offered load. The simple formulas can also be regarded as consequences of linear system theory, because the mean function can be regarded as the image of a linear operator applied to the arrival rate function. We also investigate the quality of various approximations for the mean number of busy servers such as the pointwise stationary approximation and several polynomial approximations. Finally, we apply the results for sinusoidal arrival rate functions to treat general periodic arrival rate functions using Fourier series. These results are intended to provide a better understanding of the behavior of the M t /G/∞ model and related M t /G/s/r models where some customers are lost or delayed.
Finding a new purpose for old drugs (2017)

Drugs used for the treatment of asthma might prevent Parkinson's disease
A wide-range logarithmic electrometer with improved accuracy and temperature stability (1992)

A seven-decade temperature-compensated logarithmic electrometer is presented. The amplifier is designed to a dynamic range of 1 pA to 10 mu A. Temperature compensation is accurately achieved by using an array of four matched monolithic bipolar transistors and straightforward postprocessing techniques. Use of this method results in <1% error over the temperature range of -18 to 71 degrees C for the upper five decades of current. In addition, errors resulting from variable forward current emission coefficients of the logarithmic elements are eliminated. Problems associated with the temperature compensation of logarithmic amplifiers are identified and discussed. Implementation of the new temperature-compensation technique is fully described and compared with conventional methods. Experimental results and data analysis illustrating the performance of the design are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Definition and performance evaluation of a fault localization technique for an NGN IMS network (2009)

Fault Localization (FL) is a critical task for operators in the context of e-TOM (enhanced Telecom Operations Map) assurance process, in order to reduce network maintenance costs and improve availability, reliability, and performance of network services. This paper investigates, in a practical perspective, the use of a well known FL technique, named codebook technique, for the IMS control layer of a real Next Generation Network, deploying wireline VoIP and advanced communication services. Moreover, we propose some heuristics to generate optimal codebooks, i.e. to find the minimum set of symptoms (alarms) to be monitored in order to obtain the desired level of robustness to spurious or missing alarms and modelling errors in the root cause detection, and we evaluate their performance through extensive simulations. Finally, we provide a list of some practical Key Performance Indicators, the value of which is compared against specific thresholds. When a threshold is exceeded, an alarm is generated and used by the FL processing.
Fast Identification of Possible Drug Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) through Computational Drug Repurposing Study (2020)

The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) calls for and welcomes possible treatment strategies using drugs on the market. It is very efficient to apply computer-aided drug design techniques to quickly identify promising drug repurposing candidates, especially after the detailed 3D-structures of key virous proteins are resolved. Taking the advantage of a recently released crystal structure of COVID-19 protease in complex with a covalently-bonded inhibitor, N3,<sup>1</sup> I conducted virtual docking screening of approved drugs and drug candidates in clinical trials. For the top docking hits, I then performed molecular dynamics simulations followed by binding free energy calculations using an endpoint method called MM-PBSA-WSAS.<sup>2-4</sup> Several promising known drugs stand out as potential inhibitors of COVID-19 protease, including Carfilzomib, Eravacycline, Valrubicin, Lopinavir and Elbasvir. Carfilzomib, an approved anti-cancer drug acting as a proteasome inhibitor, has the best MM-PBSA-WSAS binding free energy, -13.82 kcal/mol. Streptomycin, an antibiotic and a charged molecule, also demonstrates some inhibitory effect, even though the predicted binding free energy of the charged form (-3.82 kcal/mol) is not nearly as low as that of the neutral form (-7.92 kcal/mol). One bioactive, PubChem 23727975, has a binding free energy of -12.86 kcal/mol. Detailed receptor-ligand interactions were analyzed and hot spots for the receptor-ligand binding were identified. I found that one hotspot residue HIS41, is a conserved residue across many viruses including COVID-19, SARS, MERS, and HCV. The findings of this study can facilitate rational drug design targeting the COVID-19 protease.
[Clinico-morphologic manifestations of ossifying cerebrospinal arachnoiditis]. (1989)

Seven verified cases of ossifying cerebrospinal arachnoiditis (OCSA) were analyzed. Personal data of the authors and literature allowed some generalizations on clinical signs having diagnostic values in the disease debute. Clinicomorphological description of a case is given together with the discussion of OCSA symptoms pathogenesis. Clinical picture featured the lesions of brainstem despite the prevalence of pial ossification. This suggested that ossified plates are not obligatory pathogenic factor in neurological disorders.
Phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain is necessary for migration of HeLa cells but not for localization of myosin II at the leading edge (2003)

To investigate the role of phosphorylated myosin II regulatory light chain (MRLC) in living cell migration, these mutant MRLCs were engineered and introduced into HeLa cells. The mutant MRLCs include an unphosphorylatable form, in which both Thr-18 and Ser-19 were substituted with Ala (AA-MRLC), and pseudophosphorylated forms, in which Thr-18 and Ser-19 were replaced with Ala and Asp, respectively (AD-MRLC), and both Thr-18 and Ser-19 were replaced with Asp (DD-MRLC). Mutant MRLC-expressing cell monolayers were mechanically stimulated by scratching, and the cells were forced to migrate in a given direction. In this wound-healing assay, the AA-MRLC-expressing cells migrated much more slowly than the wild-type MRLC-expressing cells. In the case of DD-MRLC- and AD-MRLC-expressing cells, no significant differences compared with wild-type MRLC-expressing cells were observed in their migration speed. Indirect immunofluorescence staining showed that the accumulation of endogenous diphosphorylated MRLC at the leading edge was not observed in AA-MRLC-expressing cells, although AA-MRLC was incorporated into myosin heavy chain and localized at the leading edge. In conclusion, we propose that the phosphorylation of MRLC is required to generate the driving force in the migration of the cells but not necessary for localization of myosin II at the leading edge.
Immunofluorescence Detection of F-actin on Low Melting Point Wax Sections from Plant Tissues (1997)

We developed a simple and reliable technique for immunofluorescence detection of F-actin on microtome sections of plant tissues. For the first time, large numbers of plant cells from various tissues that pass through their developmental stages could be consistently visualized on one section from plant organs. n-Maleimidobenzoic acid N-hydroxy-succinimide ester-pretreated and formalin-fixed segments of plant roots and shoots were embedded in low melting point ester wax at 37C and sectioned on a microtome. After dewaxing and rehydration, microfilaments were visualized by indirect immunofluorescence technique with a monoclonal anti-actin antibody. The technique has been successfully used for visualization of tissue- and development-specific F-actin arrays in cells of Zea mays and Lepidium sativum root tips and of maize stem nodes.
Pressure‐induced ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase transformation in porous PZT95/5 ceramics (2007)

Abstract The hydrostatic pressure‐induced ferroelectric to antiferroelectric (FE–AFE) phase transformation of PZT95/5 ceramics was investigated as a function of porosity, pore shape and pore size. FE–AFE phase transformations were more diffuse and occurred at lower hydrostatic pressures with increasing porosity. The porous PZT95/5 ceramics with spherical pores exhibited higher transformation pressures than those with irregular pores. Moreover, FE–AFE phase transformations of porous PZT95/5 ceramics with polydisperse irregular pores were more diffuse than those of porous PZT95/5 ceramics with monodisperse irregular pores. The relation between pore structure and hydrostatic pressure‐induced FE–AFE transformation was established according to stress concentration theory. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Glia and pain: Is chronic pain a gliopathy? (2013)

Activation of glial cells and neuro-glial interactions are emerging as key mechanisms underlying chronic pain. Accumulating evidence has implicated 3 types of glial cells in the development and maintenance of chronic pain: microglia and astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS), and satellite glial cells of the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia. Painful syndromes are associated with different glial activation states: (1) glial reaction (ie, upregulation of glial markers such as IBA1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and/or morphological changes, including hypertrophy, proliferation, and modifications of glial networks); (2) phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways; (3) upregulation of adenosine triphosphate and chemokine receptors and hemichannels and downregulation of glutamate transporters; and (4) synthesis and release of glial mediators (eg, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases) to the extracellular space. Although widely detected in chronic pain resulting from nerve trauma, inflammation, cancer, and chemotherapy in rodents, and more recently, human immunodeficiency virus-associated neuropathy in human beings, glial reaction (activation state 1) is not thought to mediate pain sensitivity directly. Instead, activation states 2 to 4 have been demonstrated to enhance pain sensitivity via a number of synergistic neuro-glial interactions. Glial mediators have been shown to powerfully modulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission at presynaptic, postsynaptic, and extrasynaptic sites. Glial activation also occurs in acute pain conditions, and acute opioid treatment activates peripheral glia to mask opioid analgesia. Thus, chronic pain could be a result of "gliopathy," that is, dysregulation of glial functions in the central and peripheral nervous system. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances and discuss remaining questions.
Study of Optimum Buffer Conditions for Measuring Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Human Serum (1972)

Abstract We have compared 23 compounds, with and without transphosphorylating properties, as buffer systems for human serum alkaline phosphatase activity, with p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate. Relative enzyme activity in four representative buffers at near-optimal conditions was ethylaminoethanol &gt; diethanolamine &gt; 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol &gt; carbonate. Transphosphorylation was demonstrated in the two buffers in which the enzyme was most active, ethylaminoethanol and diethanolamine. The optima for pH, buffer concentration, and substrate for these four systems were studied in detail. 2-Ethylaminoethanol supports the highest enzyme activity of any of the compounds tested. Diethanolamine was shown to have many of the favorable characteristics required for a reference enzyme procedure.
Improved Antifouling Properties of Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes by Reducing the Density of Surface Carboxyl Groups (2012)

Carboxyls are inherent functional groups of thin-film composite polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membranes, which may play a role in membrane performance and fouling. Their surface presence is attributed to incomplete reaction of acyl chloride monomers during the membrane active layer synthesis by interfacial polymerization. In order to unravel the effect of carboxyl group density on organic fouling, NF membranes were fabricated by reacting piperazine (PIP) with either isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) or the more commonly used trimesoyl chloride (TMC). Fouling experiments were conducted with alginate as a model hydrophilic organic foulant in a solution, simulating the composition of municipal secondary effluent. Improved antifouling properties were observed for the IPC membrane, which exhibited lower flux decline (40%) and significantly greater fouling reversibility or cleaning efficiency (74%) than the TMC membrane (51% flux decline and 40% cleaning efficiency). Surface characterization revealed that there was a substantial difference in the density of surface carboxyl groups between the IPC and TMC membranes, while other surface properties were comparable. The role of carboxyl groups was elucidated by measurements of foulant-surface intermolecular forces by atomic force microscopy, which showed lower adhesion forces and rupture distances for the IPC membrane compared to TMC membranes in the presence of calcium ions in solution. Our results demonstrated that a decrease in surface carboxyl group density of polyamide membranes fabricated with IPC monomers can prevent calcium bridging with alginate and, thus, improve membrane antifouling properties.
Design and VLSI implementation of a decimation filter for hearing Aid applications (2007)

Post-hazard rapid response has emerged as a promising pathway towards resilient critical infrastructure systems (CISs). Nevertheless, it is challenging to scheme the optimal plan for those rapid responses, given the enormous search space and the hardship of assessment on the spatiotemporal status of CISs. We now present a new approach to post-shock rapid responses of road networks (RNs), based upon lookahead searches supported by machine learning. Following this approach, we examined the resilience-oriented rapid response of a real-world RN across Luchon, France, under destructive earthquake scenarios. Our results show that the introduction of one-step lookahead searches can effectively offset the lack of adaptivity due to the deficient heuristic of rapid responses. Furthermore, the performance of rapid responses following such a strategy is far surpassed, when a series of deep neural networks trained based solely on machine learning, without human interventions, are employed to replace the heuristic and guide the searches.
A cross sectional study of two independent cohorts identifies serum biomarkers for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) (2016)

Measuring the severity and progression of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is particularly challenging because muscle weakness progresses over long periods of time and can be sporadic. Biomarkers are essential for measuring disease burden and testing treatment strategies. We utilized the sensitive, specific, high-throughput SomaLogic proteomics platform of 1129 proteins to identify proteins with levels that correlate with FSHD severity in a cross-sectional study of two independent cohorts. We discovered biomarkers that correlate with clinical severity and disease burden measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Sixty-eight proteins in the Rochester cohort (n = 48) and 51 proteins in the Seattle cohort (n = 30) had significantly different levels in FSHD-affected individuals when compared with controls (p-value ≤ .005). A subset of these varied by at least 1.5 fold and four biomarkers were significantly elevated in both cohorts. Levels of creatine kinase MM and MB isoforms, carbonic anhydrase III, and troponin I type 2 reliably predicted the disease state and correlated with disease severity. Other novel biomarkers were also discovered that may reveal mechanisms of disease pathology. Assessing the levels of these biomarkers during clinical trials may add significance to other measures of quantifying disease progression or regression.
Approach-Related Complications of Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Results of a Combined Spine and Vascular Surgical Team (2015)

Study Design Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected cohort data. Objective Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment of degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. Detailed and comprehensive descriptions of intra- and postoperative complications of ALIF are surprisingly limited in the literature. In this report, we describe our experience with a team model for ALIF and report all complications occurring in our patient series. Methods Patients were prospectively enrolled between January 2009 and January 2013 by a combined spine surgeon and vascular surgeon team. All patients underwent an open ALIF using an anterior approach to the lumbosacral spine. Results From the 227 ALIF cases, mean operative blood loss was 103 mL, ranging from 30 to 900 mL. Mean operative time was 78 minutes. The average length of stay was 5.2 days. Intraoperative vascular injury requiring primary repair with suturing occurred in 15 patients (6.6%). There were 2 cases of postoperative retroperitoneal hematoma. Three patients (1.3%) had incisional hernia requiring revision surgery; 7 (3.1%) patients had prolonged ileus (>7 days) managed conservatively. Four patients described retrograde ejaculation. Sympathetic dysfunction occurred in 15 (6.6%) patients. There were 5 (2.2%) cases of superficial wound infection treated with oral antibiotics, with no deep wound infections requiring reoperation or intravenous therapy. There were no mortalities in this series. Conclusions ALIF is a safe procedure when performed by a combined vascular surgeon and spine surgeon team with acceptably low complication rates. Our series confirms that the team approach results in short operative times and length of stay, with rapid control of intraoperative vessel injury and low overall blood loss.