gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline cobalt (2006)

Abstract Due to their excellent wear and corrosion properties, nanocrystalline cobalt and several cobalt alloys made by electrodeposition are currently being developed as environmentally benign replacement coatings for hard chromium electrodeposits. The focus of this study is on the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline cobalt, which are currently not well understood. A comparison is presented for hardness, tensile properties, Charpy impact properties and fracture surface analysis of both nanocrystalline (grain size: 12 nm) and conventional polycrystalline (grain size: 4.8 μm) cobalt. It is shown that the hardness and tensile strength of nanocrystalline cobalt is 2–3 times higher than for polycrystalline cobalt. However, in contrast to other nanocrystalline materials tested previously, nanocrystalline cobalt retains considerable ductility with elongation to fracture values up to 7%. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A adaptive handover decision algorithm based on the estimating mobility from signal strength measurements (2005)

A prevalent underlying theme is the techniques used to control the handover of users as they move between cells, at greater speeds, and with stricter requirements on both the QoS delivered to the user and operational costs associated with a connection. The decision to initiate a handover depends on a number of control variables. Simple estimation of vehicle velocity is taken into account as one of the criteria for making handover decisions. This paper attempts to illustrate the effect on triggering time of handover execution and suggest some possible approaches to enhance the handover performance. In particular, the term handover mobility factor is introduced for producing a guide for handover decision according to estimated movement. The simulations are performed in the vehicular testing environment. The results have been compared to those of the traditional fixed threshold based algorithms. It has been observed that the proposed algorithm is able to avoid the ping-pong handover as well as to reduce handover block thereby enhancing the system performance.
Schaum's outline of theory and problems of fluid dynamics (1967)

A revised, updated edition of this solved-problem Outline, it is the most up-to-date supplement on the market in this subject. SI units are stressed, new problems added, and the writing style is modernized. Boundary layers, gas dynamics, and theories of turbulence are covered in relation to the latest theories and practices. New artwork is added, amounting to a 20% revision. This is the follow-up course to fluid mechanics and hydraulics and is a basic college engineering course.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BICYCLE HELMETS - A REVIEW; REVISED EDITION (1995)

This report is structured as follows. Following the introduction, in Section 2 statistics are reviewed on injuries suffered by pedal cyclists, both in Australia and in other countries. The emphasis is placed on head injuries. The typical characteristics of a bicycle accident are described in Section 3. In Section 4, the mechanism of head injury is described, as are features of helmet design and construction aimed at reducing the likelihood of head injury on impact. Section 5 reviews the several good published studies of helmet effectiveness, undertaken studies and studies which have followed the effects of legislation on helmet use. Also reviewed are data on the present use of bicycle helmets, and some information on increasing such use through education and legislation. both in Australia and overseas. These include both quasi-experimental case comparison studies and studies which have followed the effects of legislation on helmet use. Also reviewed are data on the present use of bicycle helmets, and some information on increasing such use through education and legislation. (a)
Non-Steroidal Anti-Implantation Agents (1973)

Conference Article| March 01 1973 Non-Steroidal Anti-Implantation Agents DORA N. RICHARDSON DORA N. RICHARDSON 1Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. (Pharmaceuticals Division), Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1973) 1 (2): 528–535. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0010528 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation DORA N. RICHARDSON; Non-Steroidal Anti-Implantation Agents. Biochem Soc Trans 1 March 1973; 1 (2): 528–535. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0010528 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Cerebral autoregulation testing after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: The phase relationship between arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity (2001)

CA can be assessed in a graded fashion in SAH patients. CA impairment precedes vasospasm; ongoing vasospasm worsens CA. CA assessment early after subarachnoid hemorrhage, within PHD 1-6, is predictive of outcome whereas late assessment is not. CA impairment is associated with cerebral vasospasm and low CPP.
Clinical worsening in multiple sclerosis is associated with increased frequency and area of gadopentetate dimeglumine–enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions (1993)

Abstract It is now well established that clinically stable patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis have ongoing disease activity when evaluated by serial gadolinium–enhanced (Gd‐DTPA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Despite this, the relationship between clinical disease and MRI lesions, though suspected, has not been extensively documented. The relationship between Gd‐DTPA MRI lesions, and clinical disease was examined in this study of 9 patients with mild relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] <3.5) who had 24 to 37 monthly Gd‐DTPA MRI scans, neurological examinations, and EDSS score assignments. The area and frequency of Gd‐DTPA lesions were examined during months with and without clinical worsening as measured by EDSS. Forty‐one episodes of clinical worsening were noted during the study. A significant association was observed between these periods of clinical worsening and MRI parameters, including increases in total number, number of new lesions, and the total area of enhancement. Logistic regression analysis showed a signficant effect of the number and area of Gd‐DTPA MRI lesions on both the onset and continuation of clinical worsening, confirming an imporant relationship between clinical disease and an increase in cerebral Gd‐DTPA MRI activity. A relationship with long‐term disability was suggested, but cannot be confirmed without longer follow‐up of these patients.
Expression of Functional Na+/K+-ATPase in Insect Cells Using Baculovirus (1994)

Expression systems for the Na+/K+-ATPase have been hindered because most commonly used cell lines have high endogenous levels of the Na pump. In contrast, some insect cells have little or no Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Recently, the insect baculovirus, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) has been adapted for the overproduction of recombinant proteins in insect cells. In this system, a foreign gene replaces the nonessential AcNPV polyhedrin gene. The foreign gene is then under control of the polyhedrin promoter, a promoter that is extremely active late in the infective cycle. Using the baculovirus expression system a wide variety of exogenous genes have been produced in insect cells, most commonly a cell line (Sf-9) from the ovary of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. A major advantage of this system is that the insect cells perform most of the post-translational modifications found in mammalian cells. Infected insect cells will accurately complete the glycosylation, signal peptide cleavage, proteolytic processing, phosphorylation, palmitylation and myristylation dictated by the primary structure of the polypeptide. In addition, insect cells will successfully express and assemble multimeric proteins and rigorously sort recombinant proteins to their proper cellular domains (20). Using this system, we have produced functional Na+/K+-ATPase activity in insect cells (4,8). Ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity, isolation of a sodium-dependent potassium- and ouabain-sensitive ATP phosphorylated intermediate, isolation of a ouabain-stimulated Pi phosphorylated intermediate, and ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake, all demonstrate that the baculovirusinduced Na+/K+-ATPase is identical to the native enzyme. In addition, because each subunit can be produced separately, we have obtained some unexpected and surprising results concerning the expression of the individual subunits.
Large Stroke Electrostatic Comb-Drive Actuators Enabled by a Novel Flexure Mechanism (2012)

This paper presents in-plane electrostatic comb-drive actuators with stroke as large as 245 μm that is achieved by employing a novel clamped paired double parallelogram (C-DP-DP) flexure mechanism. The C-DP-DP flexure mechanism design offers high bearing direction stiffness <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Kx</i> while maintaining low motion direction stiffness <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ky</i> over a large range of motion direction displacement. The resulting high ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Kx</i> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ky</i> ) ratio mitigates the onset of sideways snap-in instability, thereby offering significantly greater actuation stroke compared with existing designs. Further improvement is achieved by reinforcing the individual beams in this flexure mechanism. While the traditional paired double parallelogram (DP-DP) flexure design with comb gap <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</i> = 3 μm and flexure beam length <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> = 1 mm results in a 50- μm stroke before snap-in, the reinforced C-DP-DP design with the same comb gap and flexure beam length achieves a stroke of 141 μm. Furthermore, this C-DP-DP flexure design provides a 215- μm stroke with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</i> = 4 μm and a 245-μm stroke with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</i> = 6 μm. The presented work includes closed-form stiffness expressions for the reinforced C-DP-DP flexure, a design procedure for selecting dimensions of the overall comb-drive actuator, microfabrication of some representative actuators, and experimental measurements demonstrating the large stroke.
Extremely high power klystrons for particle accelerators (1982)

To make possible the realization of the different high-energy particle accelerator projects for physics researchers now in the design or planning stages, one fundamental necessity is the availability of extremely high power RF sources. Today, for such machines designed to operate beyond about 300 MHz, the only feasible candidate is the multicavity klystron amplifier. Furthermore, high conversion efficiency is essential, due to the high and ever-rising cost of electrical energy. Given here are the main considerations in improving klystron efficiency, emphasizing the role of computer-aided design (CAD), and a description of a 1 MW 352-MHz CW klystron from Thomson-CSF designed to meet the expressed requirements. Measured performances of this tube include 65 - 66 % efficiency, which may still be slightly improved. Also considered are the constraints of manufacturing and testing an electron tube of this size (over 4 meters long). Secondly, a pulsed klystron capable of delivering 35 MW peak at 3 GHz has also been developed by Thomson-CSF, for use in linear accelerators. This tube is also described and the considerations in maximizing its efficiency are discussed. Finally, mention is also made of a suitable driver for the latter tube.
Fulfilling the Promise of Low-Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors: Journey From Academic Curiosity to Successful Field Implementation (2003)

Summary Low-dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHIs) have been actively investigated for more than a decade in both academia and the petroleum industry. The promise of LDHIs has been to provide a viable alternative to thermodynamic inhibitors, such as methanol and glycol. Inevitably, the journey of LDHIs from modest beginnings in the minds and laboratories of researchers to a technically robust, operationally simple, and economically viable alternative to conventional inhibitors has been fraught with challenges. In this paper we discuss some of the drivers leading to the development of LDHIs for application in severe deepwater environments. The different classes of LDHIs are discussed briefly, with an emphasis on the applicability window of each inhibitor type. We also provide a detailed summary of the successful implementation of LDHIs in deep water and summarize key learnings obtained from field deployment. We conclude by demonstrating the role of LDHIs in altering industry perspectives on hydrate control and their impact on the system selection and design of new field developments.
Full-Scale Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Simulations of a Terahertz Folded-Waveguide Traveling-Wave Tube Using ICEPIC (2012)

This paper discusses simulation and modeling of the slow wave structure of a folded-waveguide terahertz traveling wave tube (TWT) using the Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle In Cell (ICEPIC) software. This is the first time ICEPIC has been used for simulation of a TWT amplifier. Cold test simulations compare favorably with analytical models; at 368 GHz, the on-axis interaction impedance is 7.8 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Omega$</tex> </formula> . Hot test (beam included) ICEPIC simulations were used to determine the effects of space charge on the gain calculations. At 368 GHz, the normalized beam plasma frequency from ICEPIC simulations is <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\mit\Omega}_{p}=0.56$</tex></formula> . Analysis of our ICEPIC simulations at 368 GHz indicates a normalized beam plasma frequency 75% larger than an analytical model we improvised from a sheath helix model taken from the literature. The hot test ICEPIC simulations at 368 GHz for a 64 periods long slow wave structure and a 10 mA, 25 kV electron beam produce small signal gain of 27 dB. The small-signal fractional 3-dB bandwidth of the TWT is 2.9%. The saturated fractional 3-dB bandwidth is 3.2%. Large signal simulations indicate that the saturated power at 368 GHz is 39.4 dBm and the saturated gain is 21.8 dB. A snapshot of a cross section of the electron beam shows bunching in space and a corresponding modulation in the velocity of the electron beam.
Broadband return-to-zero wavelength conversion and signal regeneration using a monolithically integrated, photocurrent-driven wavelength converter (2006)

Broadband wavelength switching and signal regeneration experiments with 10 Gbit/s return-to-zero signals using a photocurrent-driven wavelength converter (PD-WC) are presented. For wavelength switching using an ideal input signal to the PD-WC, the device generates up to +3.7 dB facet to facet gain and shows <1 dB power penalty in bit error rate measurements. For wavelength switching with a degraded input signal, the PD-WC shows extinction ratio regeneration from 5 to >11 dB, jitter reduction from 35 to 17 ps, significant eyeshape regeneration, and a −2.8 dB power penalty.
An inventory model for Weibull distribution deterioration under price-dependent demand and partial backlogging with opportunity cost due to lost sales (2011)

In this paper, we assume not only the time-proportional backlogging rate to be related to waiting time but also the generalised form of the two-parameter Weibull distribution deterioration rate. This assumption is more appropriate and applicable in practice. The opportunity cost due to lost sales is also introduced in this paper. Pricing is a major policy for retailers to obtain its maximum profit. We develop an inventory model for deteriorating items with price-dependent demand and partial backlogging to determine its optimal selling price, optimal service time and optimal total average cost. The existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the system are also examined. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the model.
Advanced concepts for high-efficiency germanium photovoltaic cells (2008)

Germanium is an important material for today's highest efficiency solar cells with three np-junctions based on GaInP, GaInAs and Ge. The Ge subcell in these structures consists of a 100–300 nm thin diffused n-type emitter passivated with GaAs or GaInP and a 150 μm thick base layer which is not passivated. Therefore, the current generation of the Ge subcell mainly results from the emitter and covers the direct absorption range of Ge up to ∼1600 nm. Most of the minority carriers which are generated in the Ge base layer are lost due to nonradiative recombination before reaching the np-junction. This paper describes a new approach for improving the performance of the Germanium bottom subcell by the application of a proper rear surface passivation combined with a low substrate doping level in the range of p=10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> . The new passivation layer sequence consists of amorphous Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> layers, followed by SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and Al. The thicknesses of these materials can be additionally adapted to achieve high infrared reflectivity of up to 80 % below the bandgap of Ge. This adds another design parameter to the solar cell structure and can lead to reduced heat generation in the solar cell device. Up to 10 % higher current generation was measured for Ge subcells with the new passivation layer. This has specifically advantages for metamorphic GaInP/GaInAs/ Ge solar cells where the Ge subcell is current limiting.
Treatment of restless legs syndrome: An evidence‐based review and implications for clinical practice (2008)

Only in the last three decades, the restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been examined in randomized controlled trials. The Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned a task force to perform an evidence-based review of the medical literature on treatment modalities used to manage patients with RLS. The task force performed a search of the published literature using electronic databases. The therapeutic efficacy of each drug was classified as being either efficacious, likely efficacious, investigational, nonefficacious, or lacking sufficient evidence to classify. Implications for clinical practice were generated based on the levels of evidence and particular features of each modality, such as adverse events. All studies were classed according to three levels of evidence. All Level-I trials were included in the efficacy tables; if no Level-I trials were available then Level-II trials were included or, in the absence of Level-II trials, Level-III studies or case series were included. Only studies published in print or online before December 31, 2006 were included. All studies published after 1996, which attempted to assess RLS augmentation, were reviewed in a separate section. The following drugs are considered efficacious for the treatment of RLS: levodopa, ropinirole, pramipexole, cabergoline, pergolide, and gabapentin. Drugs considered likely efficacious are rotigotine, bromocriptine, oxycodone, carbamazepine, valproic acid, and clonidine. Drugs that are considered investigational are dihydroergocriptine, lisuride, methadone, tramadol, clonazepam, zolpidem, amantadine, and topiramate. Magnesium, folic acid, and exercise are also considered to be investigational. Sumanirole is nonefficacious. Intravenous iron dextran is likely efficacious for the treatment of RLS secondary to end-stage renal disease and investigational in RLS subjects with normal renal function. The efficacy of oral iron is considered investigational; however, its efficacy appears to depend on the iron status of subjects. Cabergoline and pergolide (and possibly lisuride) require special monitoring due to fibrotic complications including cardiac valvulopathy. Special monitoring is required for several other medications based on clinical concerns: opioids (including, but not limited to, oxycodone, methadone and tramadol), due to possible addiction and respiratory depression, and some anticonvulsants (particularly, carbamazepine and valproic acid), due to systemic toxicities.
Balance in Assessment (2007)

The review by Black and Wiliam of national systems makes clear the complexity of assessment, and identifies important issues. One of these is balance: balance between local and central responsibili...
Methods of Estimation of Visceral Fat: Advantages of Ultrasonography (2003)

US seemed to be the best alternative method for the assessment of intra-abdominal fat in obese women. Its diagnostic value could be optimized by an anthropometric measurement. Prospective studies are needed to establish CT and US cutoffs for defining visceral-fat levels related to elevated cardiovascular risk.
lin9 Is Required for Mitosis and Cell Survival during Early Zebrafish Development (2009)

LIN9 has been described as a regulator of G(1)/S and G(2)/M progression of the cell cycle in invertebrates and human cell lines. To elucidate the in vivo function of LIN9 during vertebrate development, we took advantage of the teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio). By means of antisense morpholinos we show here that Lin9-depleted embryonic cells accumulate in mitosis. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy data demonstrate that the delay in mitotic progression is followed by apoptosis, which strongly manifests in the developing central nervous system. In accordance with these findings, we identified a cohort of Lin9-regulated genes required for different mitotic processes, including mitotic entry, metaphase/anaphase transition, and cytokinesis. Our data establish LIN9 as an essential regulator of mitosis in vertebrate development.