gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An internally staged hollow‐fiber permeator for gas separation (1989)

Abstract Conventional membrane permeation of gases employ a non‐step process between the feed and the product on two sides of a membrane. By applying the overall driving force change through a two‐step process using two membranes in one device, we illustrate theoretically the possibility of achieving a much higher enrichment without any extra energy consumption. Such an internally staged permeation is experimentally carried out in a hollow‐fiber permeator with two sets of asymmetric cellulose acetate hollow fibers for the systems of O 2 N 2 (air) and CO 2 N 2 . The superior enriching performance of the internally staged permeator over the same permeator operated in the conventional mode is demonstrated experimentally. A cocurrent flow pattern is found to be superior to a countercurrent flow pattern for the conditions employed. The simulation model incorporating fiber lumen pressure drop predicts the experimental performance quite well. A further improvement in performance can be achieved by recycling the intermediate pressure shell reject stream to the feed stream. The energy requirement in an internally staged permeator without recycle is less than that of a conventional permeator with permeate recycle.
High‐ but not low‐dose folic acid improves endothelial function in coronary artery disease (2006)

These data suggest that FA dose-dependently improves endothelial function in CAD via a mechanism independently of Hcy lowering. It may involve promotion of eNOS dimerization.
Corrections of aberrations using HOEs in UV and visible imaging systems (1991)

Advantages and shortcomings of the use of HOE for imaging systems are demonstrated by examples: high aperture 1:1 and 5:1 imaging systems for the wavelength 193 nm to be used for lithography and an innovative achromatic holographic doublet. 1.
Resonant tunneling modulation in quasi-2D Cu2O/SnO2 p-n horizontal-multi-layer heterostructure for room temperature H2S sensor application (2013)

Heterostructure material that acts as resonant tunneling system is a major scientific challenge in applied physics. Herein, we report a resonant tunneling system, quasi-2D Cu(2)O/SnO(2) p-n heterostructure multi-layer film, prepared by electrochemical deposition in a quasi-2D ultra-thin liquid layer. By applying a special half-sine deposition potential across the electrodes, Cu(2)O and SnO(2) selectively and periodically deposited according to their reduction potentials. The as-prepared heterostructure film displays excellent sensitivity to H(2)S at room temperature due to the resonant tunneling modulation. Furthermore, it is found that the laser illumination could enhance the gas response, and the mechanism with laser illumination is discussed. It is the first report on gas sensing application of resonant tunneling modulation. Hence, heterostructure material act as resonant tunneling system is believed to be an ideal candidate for further improvement of room temperature gas sensing.
Aged ACSR conductors. II. Prediction of remaining life (1992)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.7, no.2, p. 581-7 (1992). An analysis is presented of the test results relative to estimated end-of-life values. The remaining useful life of conductors can be estimated from the curves of progressive degradation. Air pollution studies have led to an environmental corrosion index, which has been correlated with remaining life based on the torsional ductility of steel core wires. This has been used to map expected conductor life across the province. The average service life is found to vary between about 67 and 77 years, depending on the local contamination level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical constants for thin films of Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Os, Pt, and Au from 24 Å to 1216 Å (1988)

Reflectance vs incidence angle measurements have been performed from 24 A to 1216 A on electron-beam evaporated samples of Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au, and using a nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting technique, the optical constants have been determined. Independently measured values of the incident beam polarization, film thicknesses, and film surface roughnesses are incorporated into the derivation of the optical constants. Additionally, Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiling measurements have been performed on each sample to characterize sample composition including oxidation and contamination.
Destruction of aflatoxins in peanuts during dry and oil roasting (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDestruction of aflatoxins in peanuts during dry and oil roastingLouise S. Lee, Alva F. Cucullu, A. O. Franz Jr., and Walter A. Pons Jr.Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1969, 17, 3, 451–453Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60163a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60163a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nociceptors Lacking TRPV1 and TRPV2 Have Normal Heat Responses (2004)

Vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) has been proposed to be the principal heat-responsive channel for nociceptive neurons. The skin of both rat and mouse receives major projections from primary sensory afferents that bind the plant lectin isolectin B4 (IB4). The majority of IB4-positive neurons are known to be heat-responsive nociceptors. Previous studies suggested that, unlike rat, mouse IB4-positive cutaneous afferents did not express TRPV1 immunoreactivity. Here, multiple antisera were used to confirm that mouse and rat have different distributions of TRPV1 and that TRPV1 immunoreactivity is absent in heat-sensitive nociceptors. Intracellular recording in TRPV1(-/-) mice was then used to confirm that TRPV1 was not required for detecting noxious heat. TRPV1(-/-) mice had more heat-sensitive neurons, and these neurons had normal temperature thresholds and response properties. Moreover, in TRPV1(-/-) mice, 82% of heat-responsive neurons did not express immunoreactivity for TRPV2, another putative noxious heat channel.
A New Approach to the Synthesis of Heteroannulated 3,1-Oxazin-4-ones from β-Enamino Esters and Phosgeneiminium Salts (2000)

The heterocyclic β-enamino ester, ethyl 3,4-diamino-6-(dimethylamino)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2-carboxylate (3) was reacted with phosgeneiminium salts 6a,b to yield 4H-pyrimido[5′,4′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d][1,3]oxazin-4-ones 7a,b, respectively. Similarly, the reaction of dichloromethylene dimethylammonium chloride 6a with o-aminothiophenecarboxylates 8 and 10 afforded the thienoxazinones 9 and 11. In the case of the o-aminopyrazolecarboxylate 12, the pyrazoloxazinone 13a was formed in low yield, while the ureidopyrazole 13b was the main product. Reaction of 6a with o-aminopyrazinecarboxylate 14 or o-aminoisoxazolecarboxylate 16 did not afford any bicyclic oxazinones were produced with 6a. Instead, the monocyclic products 15 and 17 were obtained.
Governing issues and alternate resolutions for a highway transportation agency's transition to asset management (2008)

Whether the increasingly poor performance of transportation infrastructure, the budget shortfalls many owners are facing, or the increased demand for more accountability are considered, it is clear that a revolution related to the management of transportation infrastructure is long overdue. There is a broad consensus that this revolution will take shape through adapting and transitioning to the paradigm of asset management (AM). This paper firstly reviews the concept of AM applied to transportation infrastructure, identifies key attributes, and provides a brief overview of the on-going and planned transition to AM by two transportation agencies. Secondly, this paper provides an overview of the related paradigms of performance-based engineering, lifecycle cost analysis, and structural health monitoring, and their role within an integrated AM system. Finally, this paper identifies and discusses relevant issues that transportation infrastructure owners face when they embark on a transition to AM, and proposes an outline for a roadmap to guide this transition.
Galanthamine biosynthesis in plant in vitro systems (2014)

The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid galanthamine (Gal) is a long‐acting, selective, reversible, and competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of early‐ to mid‐stage Alzheimer's disease, poliomyelitis, and other neurological diseases. Currently, Gal is produced by extraction from plants such as daffodils ( Narcissus cultivar Carlthon), snowflake ( Leucojum aestivum ), “red‐tubed lily” ( Lycoris radiata ), and Ungernia victoria , and alternatively by chemical synthesis. Due to the increased demand by the generic pharmaceutical companies and the limited availability of plant sources, the biosynthesis of Gal by plant in vitro systems has been considered as an alternative approach for its sustainable production. The present article reviews the state of the art of in vitro Gal biosynthesis including growth regulators, medium components, culture conditions, elicitation, and bioreactor systems. It may be used as a starting point for further studies in this area leading to a progress in biotechnological production of this valuable alkaloid.
M‐related protein (Mrp) contributes to group A streptococcal resistance to phagocytosis by human granulocytes (1996)

The M protein has been postulated to be a major group A streptococcal (GAS) virulence factor because of its contribution to the bacterial resistance to opsonophagocytosis. Direct evidence of this was only provided for GAS strains which expressed a single M protein. The majority of GAS express additional, structurally similar M-related proteins, Mrp and Enn, which have been described as IgG- and IgA-binding proteins. To determine the involvement of Mrp and M protein in phagocytosis resistance, the mrp and emm genes from serotypes M2, M4, and M49 as well as from M-untypeable strain 64/14 were insertionally inactivated. The mrp and emm mutants were subjected to direct bactericidal assays. As judged by numbers of surviving colony-forming units, all mutant strains with the exception of the mrp4 mutant exhibited reduced multiplication factors as compared to the isogenic wild-type strains. Subsequent analysis of phagocytosis by flow cytometry, measuring association of BCECF/AM-labelled bacteria and granulocytes, paralleled the results from direct bactericidal assays regardless of whether isolated granulocytes or whole blood were utilized. Resistant wild-type GAS strains bound to less than 24% of granulocytes, whereas phagocytosis-sensitive controls attached to more than 90% of the white blood cells. 40 to 60% of the granulocytes associated with the mrp and emm mutants within 1 h of co-incubation. Kinetic data suggested that attachment to granulocytes proceeds faster for emm mutants than for corresponding mrp mutants. By adding a dihydro-rhodamine123 stain and measuring fluorescence induced by oxidative burst, the experimental data suggested that bacteria bound to granulocytes were also engulfed and integrated into phagolysosomes. Thus, these data indicated that, if present, both mrp and emm gene products contribute to phagocytosis resistance by decreasing bacterial binding to granulocytes.
Using versioned tree data structure, change detection and node identity for three-way XML merging (2010)

XML has become the standard document representation for many popular tools in various domains. When multiple authors collaborate to produce a document, they must be able to work in parallel and periodically merge their efforts into a single work. While there exist a small number of three-way XML merging tools, their performance could be improved in several areas and they lack any form of user interface for resolving conflicts.
Semantic Search in Tabular Structures (2006)

Keywords: tabular structures, ontology learning, semantic web, query answeringReceived: November 18, 2005The Semantic Web search aims to overcome the bottleneck of ﬁnding relevant information using formalknowledge models, e.g. ontologies. The focus of this paper is to extend a typical search engine withsemantic search over tabular structures. We categorize HTML documents into topics and genres. Using theTARTAR system, tabular structures in the documents are then automatically transformed into ontologiesand annotated to build a knowledge base. When posting queries, users receive responses not just as lists oflinks and description extracts, but also enhanced with replies in the form of detailed structured data.Povzetek: Razvili smo metode semanticnega spleta za iskanje informacij v tabelah.ˇ
Reducing Pyrogens in Cleanroom Wiping Materials (1996)

In practice, pyrogen-free means that it has a level of pyrogens or endotoxins below a pre-defined threshold concentration which is sometimes referred to as “non-pyrogenic.” Pyrogens are fevercausing materials from the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria. Few methods of sterilization destroy pyrogens. Pyrogen control requires a “defense-in-depth” approach with cleanrooms, clean working surfaces, clean equipment as well as clean chemicals and biologicals. Fabrics and liquids used to clean surfaces in pharmaceutical and biomedical production areas need to be made with minimal bioburden to reduce the level of pyrogens after sterilization. This means starting with clean materials, keeping them clean during processing, sterilizing them effectively and auditing the level of pyrogens in the materials so produced. Such procedures have been found to enable production of cleanroom wiping materials that meet the United States Pharmacopeia 23 pyrogen standard for medical devices that contact the blood or lymph in circulation, <20 endotoxin units/item (EU/item), even though wipers are not required to meet such strict standards at this time.
Normally-Closed Electrostatic Micro Valve with Pressure Balance Mechanism for Portable Fuel Cell Application (2006)

This paper describes an electrostatic micro valve which controls fuel in a portable direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) system under development. A novel pressure balance mechanism is adopted to achieve both normally-closed operation against pressurized fuel and low voltage operation. The fabricated micro valve was tested using air as a working fluid in terms of leak pressure and driving voltage. The micro valve kept close state at input pressure from 0 kPa to 20 kPa. The driving voltage to fully open the micro valve was from 30 V to 60 V. These results well agree with the theoretical estimation.
Behavior of Piezoceramic Projector Materials under Hydrostatic Pressure (1964)

Experimental work on the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the piezoelectric and high-field dielectric properties of two piezoceramic projector materials is presented. The two materials, a modified barium titanate and modified lead zirconate titanate, are characterized by low dielectric losses at high fields. In the pressure range 0 to 10 000 psi and at nonresonant driving fields up to 3 kV/cm, the variations observed in the permittivity and piezoelectric strain constants with hydrostatic pressure were less than 7%, and no significant variations were found in the dielectric loss. Aging studies at 10 000 psi showed that the permittivity and dielectric loss for both materials reached constant values after a few minutes. Possible mechanisms for the observed effects are discussed.
Dynamic Effects of Electric Fields near the Nematic and Cholesteric to Isotropic Phase Transitions (1986)

ABSTRACTWe investigate the effects of external electric fields on the macroscopic dynamics close to the nematic and cholesteric to isotropic transitions. We find as the most novel feature a non-linear reversible cross-coupling between an applied electric field and the stress tensor leading to flow phenomena close to the cholesteric to isotropic, but not in the vicinity of the nematic-isotropic transition. The existence of several dissipative cross couplings is pointed out and their order of magnitude is estimated.
The <i>k</i>‐trajectory formulation of the NMR imaging process with applications in analysis and synthesis of imaging methods (1983)

The fundamental operations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging can be formulated, for a large number of methods, as sampling the object distribution in the Fourier spatial-frequency domain, followed by processing the digitized data (often simply by Fourier transformation) to produce a digital image. In these methods, which include reconstruction from projections, Fourier imaging, spin-warp imaging, and echo-planar imaging, controllable gradient fields determine the points in the spatial-frequency domain which are sampled at any given time during the acquisition of data (the free induction decay, or FID). The detailed time dependence of the resulting trajectory of sample points (the k trajectory) determines the relative weight and accuracy with which image information at each spatial frequency is measured, establishing theoretical limitations on image quality achievable with a given imaging method. We demonstrate here that these considerations may be used to compare the theoretical capabilities of NMR imaging methods, and to derive new imaging methods with optimal theoretical imaging properties.
An Enhanced CSMA-CA Algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPANs (2007)

Two mechanisms are proposed to enhance throughput and energy efficiency of IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA-CA. The first one is an enhanced collision resolution (ECR) mechanism that adjusts the backoff exponent (BE) based on both consecutive clear channel assessment (CCA) busy results and a packet transmission. The second one is an enhanced backoff (EB) mechanism that shifts the range of backoff counters by utilizing the CCA outcome. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mechanisms significantly enhance both throughput and energy efficiency of IEEE 802.15.4
Co-ordinate transformations for antennas with reflectors (2000)

The use of Piograms in performing co-ordinate transformations is briefly reviewed and the approach is extended to include RF systems with reflector type antennas.
A quasioptical monolithic monopulse receiver array (2002)

A quasi-optical millimeter-wave (MMW) monolithic monopulse receiver and its performance when integrated with a quasi-optical diplexer and antenna are described. The integration of the antenna, diplexer, and receiver forms a complete MMW radar front end. The receiver, which is fabricated on 0.25-in thick GaAs substrates, includes four monolithic chips. The entire receiver is packaged on the planar back surface of a 1.5-in-diameter lens. This lens, hyperhemispherical in shape, provides a dual function as a focussing lens and carrier for the monolithic receiver. Measured noise figure and conversion gain of the receiver are 8.7 dB and 19.0 dB, respectively, at 35.0 GHz. >
The Role of Additives in the Densification of Nitrogen Ceramics. (1979)

The role of additives magnesia, yttria, ceria and zirconia in the densification of silicon nitride and b-sialon is investigated with the objective of improving the high-temperature mechanical and chemical properties of these nitrogen ceramics. Each of the oxide additions reacts with surface silica and some of the nitride to give an oxynitride liquid that promotes densification by the successive stages of particle rearrangement and solution-precipitation.
Effect of a solution containing citrate/Methylene Blue/parabens on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and biofilm, and comparison with various heparin solutions (2009)

C/MB/P has a rapid bactericidal effect on the preformed, mature biofilm of S. aureus. The structural changes of biofilms treated with C/MB/P, together with the observed log reduction of viable biofilm cells, confirmed the high potential of this solution to eliminate sessile bacteria. Furthermore, the tested solution entirely eliminated planktonic bacteria detached from the biofilm.
Application of Micro-Proppant in Liquids-Rich, Unconventional Reservoirs to Improve Well Production: Laboratory Results, Field Results, and Numerical Simulations (2015)

Abstract This paper discusses a study of condensate-rich Barnett Shale stimulation treatments with designs incorporating a micro-proppant (MP). By placing this proppant early during treatment, it can enter into the narrow natural fracture network where proppant even as small as 100 mesh cannot access. A description of the MP, area regional formation and fracture modeling, stimulation designs, reservoir simulation production results, and production comparisons to offsets are presented. In present day shale plays, maximizing communication between natural fracture systems and the wellbore while also avoiding any damage to those natural fractures are two pillars of optimized stimulation. Increased proppant volume in primary fractures and helping ensure the near-wellbore (NWB) area of these fractures is open are two important stimulation concepts. Further improvements depend on: Communicating with a greater number of natural fractures. Enhancing the number of secondary fractures opened. Increasing the number of these secondary fractures that remain open for the long term. Of these three items listed, the third is probably the most challenging. This paper presents a study of MP use with the goal of propping natural fractures in a liquids-rich area of the Barnett, wherein the first and second items listed have already been addressed and provided significant production improvement. A well-to-well comparison of MP use revealed another step-change in an otherwise optimized drilling and completion program. Production history matching using advanced discrete fracture network (DFN) simulations of hydraulic fractures with the complexity of natural fractures included helped provide insight into how relatively small conductivity improvement to the natural fractures significantly improved well productivity. A new complex fracture design simulator successfully predicted the most favorable method within the fracturing design to include a MP entering these narrow natural fractures and thus improving conductivity. With the understanding gained from these new modeling tools, the MP was then field tested and proven to enhance production response.