gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Musical Information in a Teletext Multiplexed Broadcasting System (1983)

Nippon Television Network Inc. has been experimenting since December of 1981 on a code method teletext multiplexed broadcasting system. To have a significantly large number of viewers watch teletext broadcasts on a daily basis, broad ranging, pertinent and visually interesting information must be provided. To achieve this, more is required than the conventional combinations of characters and mosaics, and in addition to these, detailed graphics and musical accompaniment are highly desirable. Therefore, Nippon Television Network's experiments focus chiefly on compressed transmission of detailed graphics information and the transmission of musical information by means of note encoding. In the following we wish to present an overview of the musical transmission system currently under experiment. In Japan, experiments on a standardized system for code method teletext have been underway, and musical information transmission system reported on here is being adopted as a standard.
Pole placement using dynamic compensators (1970)

The problem of designing a compensator to obtain arbitrary pole placement in the system consisting of the plant and compensator in cascade is considered. The design uses only those state variables which can be measured. It is shown that for a controllable observable plant a compensator of order <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\beta = \min(\nu_{c} - 1, \nu_{o} - 1)</tex> is sufficient to achieve this result. Here <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\nu_{c}(\nu_{o})</tex> is the controllability (observability) index of the plant. This result is obtained by first showing that any multi-input multi-output linear time-invariant system may be made controllable (observable) from a single input (output) using only output feedback. The main result is then proved in a constructive manner which explicitly relates the compensator parameters to the coefficients of the desired characteristic polynomial.
AXIAL MIXING AND MASS TRANSFER IN FUSED SALT-LIQUID METAL EXTRACTION COLUMNS (1963)

A brief experimental study of rate processes important in the performance of fused salt-liquid metal extraction columns was carried out. Bi and the NaCl--KCl-MgCl/sub 2/ eutectic were the two liquid phases. Experiments on axial mixing and on interphase mass transfer were carried out at 500 deg C in a disk-and-doughnut column having an active section 4 in. in ID and 42.5 in. long. Interpretation of Na/sup 24/tracer break-through experiments led to an active- section continuous salt-phase Peclet number for axial mixing of approximately 5, independent of the ratio of the two superflcial mass velocities in the ranges 25000 to 98000 lb Bi/hr-ft/sup 2/ and 1800 to 10000 lb sait/hr-ft/sup 2/. Mixing corresponding to the value of the Peclet number appeared to have little effect in the mass transfer experiments, which were performed by using the exchange reaction involving Ce and Mg. Ce was reduced from salt into Bi in a series of experiments in which the concentration of Mg in Bi was gradually increased from approximately 10 to 50 ppm, and the two superficial mass velocities were varied from 21000 to 79000 lb Bi/hr-ft/sup 2/ and 1600 to 9300 lb salt/hr-ft/sup 2/. Over-all volumetric mass transfer coefficients for Ce basedmore » on salt-phase concentrations ranged from 15 to 100 lb Ce/hr-ft/sup 3/ (lb Ce/lb salt). Estimates of the area mass transfer coefficients based on the salt varied strongly with the equilibrium distribution coefficient as expected on the basis of a two-film theory of mass transfer. Data from a singie mass transfer experiment involving a 2-in.-ID by 42.5-in.-long column packed with 1/4-in. stainless steel spheres are also reported. (auth)« less
Efficient frame-compatible stereoscopic video coding using HEVC screen content coding (2017)

The paper presents application of the emerging HEVC Screen Content Coding for frame-compatible compression of stereoscopic video. Such a solution may be an alternative to the Multiview HEVC, which is the state-of-the-art dedicated technique for multiview video compression. The paper provides an extensive description of main differences between both compression techniques. Authors also present adaptation of the Screen Content Coding to compress stereoscopic video as fast and efficiently as possible. The paper reports experimental results of the comparison between HEVC Screen Content Coding and Main profiles for frame-compatible compression of stereoscopic video. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed technique are enumerated in the conclusions.
Competitive Interactions of Ligands and Macromolecular Crowders with Maltose Binding Protein (2013)

Cellular signaling involves a cascade of recognition events occurring in a complex environment with high concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and other macromolecules. The influence of macromolecular crowders on protein binding affinity through hard-core repulsion is well studied, and possible contributions of protein-crowder soft attraction have been implicated recently. Here we present direct evidence for weak association of maltose binding protein (MBP) with a polysaccharide crowder Ficoll, and that this association effectively competes with the binding of the natural ligand, maltose. Titration data over wide ranges of maltose and Ficoll concentrations fit well with a three-state competitive binding model. Broadening of MBP (1)H-(15)N TROSY spectra by the addition of Ficoll indicates weak protein-crowder association, and subsequent recovery of sharp NMR peaks upon addition of maltose indicates that the interactions of the crowder and the ligand with MBP are competitive. We hypothesize that, in the Escherichia coli periplasm, the competitive interactions of polysaccharides and maltose with MBP could allow MBP to shuttle between the peptidoglycan attached to the outer membrane and the ATP-binding cassette transporter in the inner membrane.
Synthesis of renewable diesel with hydroxyacetone and 2-methyl-furan (2013)

Diesel or jet fuel range branched alkanes were synthesized for the first time by the combination of hydroxyalkylation-alkylation (HAA) of 2-methylfuran with hydroxyacetone and subsequent hydrodeoxygenation. Due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the hydroxyl group, the hydroxyacetone route exhibited evident advantages (higher HAA reactivity and diesel yield) over the previous acetone route.
A Novel Level-Shifter Circuit Design For Display Panel Driver (2006)

A Novel level-shifter circuit for Display Panel Driver is presented. A Proposed level-shifter is for the high speed and high-voltage driving capability. In order to achieve this purpose, the proposed level-shifter restricts and separates the Vgs of the output driver's pull-up PMOS and pull-down NMOS with Zener diode. The zener diode can be replaced by normal diode combination. And a speed-up PMOS transistor is introduced to reduce delay. The control signal of speed-up PMOS was designed by bootstrapping method to minimize the gate to source (Vgs) voltage to avoid Vgs breakdown.
Lignin-hydroxycinnamoyl model compounds related to forage cell wall structure. 2. Ester-linked structures (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLignin-hydroxycinnamoyl model compounds related to forage cell wall structure. 2. Ester-linked structuresRichard F. Helm and John. RalphCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 4, 570–576Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00028a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00028a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hypocholesterolaemic effect of <i>β β'</i>-methyl-substituted hexadecanedioic acid (MEDICA 16) in the male hamster (1993)

Treatment of cholesterol-fed male hamsters kept on a diet of purina chow with beta beta'-methyl-substituted hexadecanedioic acid (MEDICA 16) resulted in a progressive hypocholesterolaemic effect, amounting to a 50% decrease in the cholesterol content of all plasma lipoproteins. The decrease in plasma cholesterol could be accounted for by activation of plasma-cholesterol efflux through the liver into the bile mediated by MEDICA 16-induced (a) increase of the number of liver LDL receptors, (b) activation of liver neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase with a concomitant inhibition of liver acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase, resulting in shifting of the liver cholesteryl ester/free-cholesterol cycle in the direction of free cholesterol, and (c) activation of cholesterol efflux from the liver into the bile. The increase in bile cholesterol output was accompanied by an increase in bile phospholipids but not in bile acids. In contrast with rats, MEDICA 16-treatment of male hamsters did not result in a hypotriacylglycerolaemic effect, inhibition of lipogenesis, nor in a substantial decrease in plasma apolipoprotein C-III content.
The Dependence of Device Dark Current on the Active‐Layer Morphology of Solution‐Processed Organic Photodetectors (2010)

Abstract Organic photodiodes are presented that utilize solution‐processed perylene diimide bulk heterojunctions as the device photoactive layer. The polymer (9,9′‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐benzothiadiazole; F8BT) is used as the electron donor and the N , N ′‐bis(1‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) derivative is used as the electron acceptor. The thickness‐dependent study of the main device parameters, namely of the external quantum efficiency (EQE), the short‐circuit current ( I SC ), the open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ), the fill factor (FF), and the dark current ( I D ) is presented. In as‐spun F8BT:PDI devices the short‐circuit EQE reaches the maximum of 17% and the V OC value is as high as 0.8 V. Device I D is in the nA mm −2 regime and it correlates with the topography of the F8BT:PDI layer. For a range of annealing temperatures I D is monitored as the morphology of the photoactive layer changes. The changes in the morphology of the photoactive layer are monitored via atomic force microscopy. The thermally induced coalescence of the PDI domains assists the dark conductivity of the device. I D values as low as 80 pA mm −2 are achieved with a corresponding EQE of 9%, when an electron‐blocking layer (EB) is used in bilayer EB/F8BT:PDI devices. Electron injection from the hole‐collecting electrode to the F8BT:PDI medium is hindered by the use of the EB layer. The temperature dependence of the I D value of the as‐spun F8BT:PDI device is studied in the range of 296–216 K. In combination with the thickness and the composition dependence of I D, the determined activation energy E a suggests a two‐step mechanism of I D generation; a temperature‐independent step of electric‐field‐assisted carrier injection from the device contacts to the active‐layer medium and a thermally activated step of carrier transport across the device electrodes, via the PDI domains of the photoactive layer. Moreover, device I D is found to be sensitive to environmental factors.
Enriched Environment Inhibits Mouse Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Down-regulates the Expression of Mitochondria-related Genes in Cancer Cells (2015)

Psycho-social stress has been suggested to influence the development of cancer, but it remains poorly defined with regard to pancreatic cancer, a lethal malignancy with few effective treatment modalities. In this study, we sought to investigate the impacts of enriched environment (EE) housing, a rodent model of "eustress", on the growth of mouse pancreatic cancer, and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms through gene expression profiling. The EE mice showed significantly reduced tumor weights in both subcutaneous (53%) and orthotopic (41%) models, while each single component of EE (inanimate stimulation, social stimulation or physical exercise) was not profound enough to achieve comparative anti-tumor effects as EE. The integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed that in response to EE, a total of 129 genes in the tumors showed differential expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. The differentially expressed genes were mostly localized to the mitochondria and enriched in the citrate cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Interestingly, nearly all of the mitochondria-related genes were down-regulated by EE. Our data have provided experimental evidence in favor of the application of positive stress or of benign environmental stimulation in pancreatic cancer therapy.
Benefit segmentation by factor analysis: an improved method of targeting customers for financial services (1996)

Banks and building societies typically focus on geographic, demographic, socio‐economic, and psychological characteristics to segment the market for financial services, although these are not efficient predictors of future buying behaviour. To correct this shortcoming, benefit segmentation by factor analysis has been used for the first time to group building society customers in relation to their particular attitudes and behaviour. Identifies eight benefits (listed in order of their popularity): personal service, investment, limited banking, accessible cash, cash card, advice, money management, and full banking. Incongruities between certain of the benefits, and the differing customer profiles for each benefit segment were analysed. Makes suggestions on how building societies and banks could use benefit segmentation to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their marketing strategies.
X-ray diffraction study of the Ni(111)<i>5°</i>[<i>11¯0</i>] vicinal surface (1990)

We have studied the Ni(111)5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}[11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0] vicinal surface using high-resolution x-ray diffraction. The resolved two-peak profile in the scans perpendicular to the step direction is explained by a two-phase model in which the surface consists of two types of region, one with large terraces and the other with small terraces. Additional measurements as a function of sample temperature show evidence that the step arrangement undergoes a phase transition aroung 570 K, with step clustering at low temperatures.
The investigation of etiology for the acute respiratory tract viral infection in children under 7 yearn old (2009)

Objective To study etiological characteristics of common respiratory viruses infection in children under 7 years old in Dongguan city of Guangdong province.Methods The total RNA were extracted from 340 specimens which had been collected from children under 7 years old during February 2007 to October 2007 in Shijie hospital.During the study the respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus A and B(RSV-A and B), influenza A and B(FLU-A and B), parainfluenza 1, 2, 3(PIV-1, 2 and 3) and Human metapneumo virus (hMPV) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The common respiratory viruses were demonstrated in 340 children as the positive 50.29%(171/340),including 69 cases (20.29%) with RSV-A infection, 39 cases(11.47%) with FLU-A, 32 cases (9.41%) with hMPV, 22 cases (6. 47%) with PIV-3,9 cases (2.65%) with RSV-A, and 16 cases (9.36% of all viral infection positive cases) with the mixed infection.In these respiratory viruses mixed infection cases,there were 5 hMPV cases coinfected with RSV-A, 4 RSV-A cases with PIV-3, 2 hMPV eases with PIV-3, 2 hMPV cases with FLU-B, 2 cases FLU-A with PIV-3, and 1 ease RSV-A with FLU-A, FLU-B, PIV-1, PIV-2, and multiple mixed infections haven't been detected in this study.Conclusions The data show common respiratory viruses are significant pathogens in acute respiratory infection of paediatric patients under 7 years old in Dongguan city.RSV is still the leading causes of acute respiratory infection in children, the next pathogens respectively are FLU-A and hMPV.

Key words: 
Children;  Acute respiratory infection;  Respiratory virus;  Etiology
Response to ‘‘Comments on ‘Speed of sound in standard air’ ’’ [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. <b>8</b> <b>2</b>, 370–372 (1987)] (1987)

This response addresses the comments of Greenspan and discusses the issue of allowance for gas imperfection by means of real gas data. The author agrees with Greenspan that the ‘‘traditional’’ method of calculating sound speed is ‘‘correct’’ as far as the method of calculation is concerned. However, the uncertainties of the above and similar calculations developed by previous air sound-speed investigators had not been reliably presented in the past, and Greenspan’s sound-speed data are practically identical to those obtained over 40 years ago. In light of more recent scientific data, some numerical values and constants have been redetermined during this time. The author reaffirms that the new sound speed c0=331.29 m s−1 is derived from today’s constants and for the standard atmosphere; and it is within the uncertainties associated with previous experimental measurements.
Structural basis for the regulation of NtcA-dependent transcription by proteins PipX and PII (2010)

PII, an ancient and widespread signaling protein, transduces nitrogen/carbon/energy abundance signals through interactions with target proteins. We clarify structurally how PII regulates gene expression mediated by the transcription factor NtcA, the global nitrogen regulator of cyanobacteria, shedding light on NtcA structure and function and on how NtcA is activated by 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and coactivated by the nonenzymatic PII target, protein PipX. We determine for the cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus the crystal structures of the PII-PipX and PipX-NtcA complexes and of NtcA in active and inactive conformations (respective resolutions, 3.2, 2.25, 2.3, and 3.05 A). The structures and the conclusions derived from them are consistent with the results of present and prior site-directed mutagenesis and functional studies. A tudor-like domain (TLD) makes up most of the PipX structure and mediates virtually all the contacts of PipX with PII and NtcA. In the PII-PipX complex, one PII trimer sequesters the TLDs of three PipX molecules between its body and its extended T loops, preventing PipX activation of NtcA. Changes in T loop conformation triggered by 2OG explain PII-PipX dissociation when 2OG is bound. The structure of active dimeric NtcA closely resembles that of the active cAMP receptor protein (CRP). This strongly suggests that with these proteins DNA binding, transcription activation, and allosteric regulation occur by common mechanisms, although the effectors are different. The PipX-NtcA complex consists of one active NtcA dimer and two PipX monomers. PipX coactivates NtcA by stabilizing its active conformation and by possibly helping recruit RNA polymerase but not by providing extra DNA contacts.
Diagnostic strategies for SARS-CoV-2 infection and interpretation of microbiological results (2020)

Real-time RT-PCR remains the reference method for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the other hand, notwithstanding its varying sensitivity according to the time of infection, serology represents a valid asset (a) to try to solve possible discrepancies between a highly suggestive clinical and radiological presentation and negative RT-PCR, (b) to solve discrepancies between different PCR assays and (c) for epidemiological purposes.
Anion binding vs.sulfonamide deprotonation in functionalised ureas (2007)

Sulfonamide groups, commonly used as neutral hydrogen bond donors in a wide variety of anion receptors, deprotonate upon addition of certain basic anionic guests in two simple functionalised ureas.
E-learning: Strategies for delivering knowledge in the digital age (2002)

This research proposes a methodology for the development of learning objects (LO). This methodology intends to identify and provide a solution for obstacles related to LOs’ development in the current market.\n\nA review of the state of the art methodologies in Ibero-America and an interview process conducted with professionals from Dirección Nacional de Innovación Académica branch (DNIA) in Universidad Nacional de Colombia, allowed to identify a list of desirable characteristics which served as the base for the definition of the methodology. The proposed methodology includes six main processes: Scripting, Segmentation, Software Production, Audiovisual Production, Assembly and Deployment.\n\nBesides, a software prototype was developed to support the software production process defined in the methodology. In order to define the prototype’s requirements, a comparative analysis of Rapid E-Learning authoring tools was conducted. By comparing these tools and identifying the benefits and improvement opportunities related to their use, a list of desired features was selected and applied for the prototype’s construction.\n\nBoth the methodology and the prototype were tested successfully through their use during the development of two objects of DNIA’s responsibility. It was also validated that both the methodology and the prototype fulfill each of the guidelines and features selected as part of their definition.
Voiced/Unvoiced/Silence discrimination of speech by delta modulation (1980)

This paper presents a new method of voiced/unvoiced/ silence discrimination of speech. The decision algorithm is based on the results of counting bit alternations of the bit stream from linear delta modulation (LDM) of the speech signal and zero crossings of a band-pass filtered output of the decoded LDM signal. Computer simulation of the system with real speech has yielded accurate results. Economical realization of the discriminator hardware using standard integrated circuits is also considered.
Optimal User Scheduling and Power Allocation for Millimeter Wave NOMA Systems (2017)

This paper investigates the application of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in millimeter wave (mm-Wave) communications by exploiting beamforming, user scheduling, and power allocation. Random beamforming is invoked for reducing the feedback overhead of the considered system. A non-convex optimization problem for maximizing the sum rate is formulated, which is proved to be NP-hard. The branch and bound approach is invoked to obtain the ∈-optimal power allocation policy, which is proved to converge to a global optimal solution. To elaborate further, a low-complexity suboptimal approach is developed for striking a good computational complexity-optimality tradeoff, where the matching theory and successive convex approximation techniques are invoked for tackling the user scheduling and power allocation problems, respectively. Simulation results reveal that: 1) the proposed low complexity solution achieves a near-optimal performance and 2) the proposed mm-Wave NOMA system is capable of outperforming conventional mm-Wave orthogonal multiple access systems in terms of sum rate and the number of served users.