gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Case History: New Design in Surface-Controlled Subsurface Safety Valves Resolves Valve Problems in Subsea Completions in the Gulf of Mexico (2008)

Shell has been developing wells in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) in environments that have required 10,000 psi working pressure surface-controlled subsurface safety valves (SCSSVs). The well environments have been sweet service with up to 11,750 psi bottomhole pressures and depths of up to 18,000 ft and SCSSV setting depths of approximately 7,600 ft. Valve failures have not only compromised well integrity but also resulted in production down time, as a SCSSV fails to a closed position. Additional cost is also incurred in order to recomplete the wells. Although failures in current nitrogen-charged SCSSVs and the valve operating systems are not as common as they once were, the incurred costs from these failures prompted a search for an improved safety valve. Requirements were determined for the sought-after safety valves, and the following discussion provides the list of critical needs.The primary requirement was that the sought-after safety valve be capable of maintaining integrity in the above conditions and be compatible with 4-1/2-in. tubing and 9-5/8-in. casing. To comply with the well design, the SCSSV would require capabilities that would support the following parameters:Dual line set-up for operation of SCSSV and balance of control-line fluids across operating pistonNon-tubing pressure sensitiveLower operating pressuresOperating system isolated from wellbore pressureDebris protectionSetting at any depthFewer moveable parts and seals than other SCSSVs.A unique magnetic coupler SCSSV that met the required capabilities is the focus of this paper. The new SCSSV offered several advantages that were important to Shell.It required low operating pressuresIt offered a more reliable operating systemDue to the lower operating pressures, system cost could be significantly reduced.The design of the valve, a comparison with traditional valves in similar well conditions, and the first installation for Shell will be presented. The new valve is successful, and as a result, four additional installations using the magnetic coupler valve have been scheduled.
A fast and efficient framework for indexing and detection of modified copies in video (2010)

In this paper, we propose a framework for detecting near duplicate copies of a video based on an ordinal method. The framework also incorporates a bitmap indexing structure instead of a typical indexing structure used in the previous published work. Using this method, two levels of indices are constructed. The first level of this process groups each input video (represented by their key frames) into k clusters. These clusters and the associated key frames are then used to construct the first level index. The second level of this process converts ordinal-based video signatures (generated using the technique developed in earlier work) into bitmap vectors. By adopting this two-level indexing scheme, query processing times are significantly reduced. This is because, the system is required to match only videos in the clusters that are relevant to the query and not all the videos in the database. Additionally, the technique implemented utilizes a bitmap structure for indexing, resulting in less storage space. Furthermore, we are able to employ low-cost Boolean operations such as AND, OR, and XOR in the matching process instead of Euclidean distance or other similar matching algorithms. This helps to reduce the computational time for video matching. The system has demonstrated to effectively reduce the space needed to store collections of video signatures in a database, as well as improving the overall system performance. In addition, initial results show that the system is effective and robust to several transformations such as changes in brightness, color, contrast, resolution (reduction) as well as the addition of noise.
The Cochlear Implant: 1980 Update (1981)

In the past two years, the Hearing Rehabilitation Research Center (an affiliate of the Ear Research Institute, Los Angeles, California) cochlear implant program has grown tremendously. in August 1978 a total of 33 patients had been implanted with single-electrode cochlear implants (House et al., 1979). As of August 1980, 110 patients have been implanted; 66 by William F. House, M.D. and 44 by co-investigators. the prosthesis and the cochlear implant program have been described in the past (e.g., House et al., 1976; House etal., 1979; House, 1980).
Clinical Implementation of a Procedure to Prepare Bone Marrow Cells From Cadaveric Vertebral Bodies (2011)

The cell separation and release testing were performed at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute's Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, a Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant facility accredited for clinical cell processing by the Foundation for Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT) and for clinical flow cytometry by the College of American Pathologists (CAP).
Supramolecular Protein Assemblies Based on DNA Templates (2017)

DNA plays an important role in the process of protein assembly. DNA viruses such as the M13 virus are typical examples in which single DNA genomes behave as templates to induce the assembly of multiple major coat protein (PVIII) monomers. Thus, the design of protein assemblies based on DNA templates attracts much interest in the construction of supramolecular structures and materials. With the development of DNA nanotechnology, precise 1D and 3D protein nanostructures have been designed and constructed by using DNA templates through DNA-protein interactions, protein-ligand interactions, and protein-adapter interactions. These DNA-templated protein assemblies show great potential in catalysis, medicine, light-responsive systems, drug delivery, and signal transduction. Herein, we review the progress on DNA-based protein nanostructures that possess sophisticated nanometer-sized structures with programmable shapes and stimuli-responsive parameters, and we present their great potential in the design of biomaterials and biodevices in the future.
88. The chemistry of simple heterocyclic systems. Part I. Reactions of 6- and 7-nitro-4-hydroxyquinazoline and their derivatives (1948)

J. S. Morley and J. C. E. Simpson, J. Chem. Soc., 1948, 360 DOI: 10.1039/JR9480000360
Analysis on causes of faults and OTDR waveforms for optical link management (2012)

This paper has analyzed reflection types and index distribution in optical links and the consequent OTDR waveforms for various causes of link faults. For the advanced fault identification, the changes of index distribution by fiber's bend have been simulated by the conformal transformation method. Faults due to the connector's misalignment originate from coupling loss; however, faults by the bend originate from tilted index distribution. The wavelength dependence of loss by the misalignment is directly opposite to that by the bend. Using the properties of the index distribution and wavelength dependence, the causes for the smooth decrease on OTDR trace could be identified exactly.
Heterogeneity of immunoglobulin-associated molecules on human B cells identified by monoclonal antibodies. (1992)

Two covalently linked transmembrane molecules, encoded in mice by the mb-1 and B29 genes, have been defined as integral components of the antibody receptor units expressed on B cells. We have produced monoclonal antibodies against an exposed extracellular epitope on the putative human equivalent of the mouse B29 product. These antibodies, CB3-1 and -2, were used to show that cytoplasmic expression of this molecule begins in human pro-B cells (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-positive, mu chain-negative), whereas surface expression coincides strictly with surface immunoglobulin expression of all isotypes. Immunochemical analysis of the human immunoglobulin-associated molecules revealed greater molecular heterogeneity than has been noted for the murine analogues. This molecular heterogeneity of immunoglobulin-associated molecules varied as a function of differentiation stage and the immunoglobulin isotypes expressed by B-lineage cells. Our data support the hypothesis that biochemical heterogeneity of the surface immunoglobulin-associated molecules may contribute to the variability in biological effects of antigen receptor crosslinkage on B cells of different maturational stages. Because the CB3 antibodies are capable of down-modulating the antigen receptors on all B cells, they may prove therapeutically useful as universal B-cell suppressants.
An improved, automated whole air sampler and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis system for volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere (2017)

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds were quantified during two aircraft-based field campaigns using highly automated, whole air samplers with expedited post-flight analysis via a new custom-built, field-deployable gas chromatography–mass spectrometry instrument. During flight, air samples were pressurized with a stainless steel bellows compressor into electropolished stainless steel canisters. The air samples were analyzed using a novel gas chromatograph system designed specifically for field use which eliminates the need for liquid nitrogen. Instead, a Stirling cooler is used for cryogenic sample pre-concentration at temperatures as low as −165 °C. The analysis system was fully automated on a 20 min cycle to allow for unattended processing of an entire flight of 72 sample canisters within 30 h, thereby reducing typical sample residence times in the canisters to less than 3 days. The new analytical system is capable of quantifying a wide suite of C2 to C10 organic compounds at part-per-trillion sensitivity. This paper describes the sampling and analysis systems, along with the data analysis procedures which include a new peak-fitting software package for rapid chromatographic data reduction. Instrument sensitivities, uncertainties and system artifacts are presented for 35 trace gas species in canister samples. Comparisons of reported mixing ratios from each field campaign with measurements from other instruments are also presented.
Insect Antifeedant and Growth Inhibitory Activity of Forty-Six Quassinoids on Two Species of Agricultural Pests (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsect Antifeedant and Growth Inhibitory Activity of Forty-Six Quassinoids on Two Species of Agricultural PestsZev Lidert, Keith Wing, Judith Polonsky, Yasuhiro Imakura, Masayoshi Okano, Shohei Tani, Yuh-Meei Lin, Hiroshi Kiyokawa, and Kuo-Hsiung LeeCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1987, 50, 3, 442–448Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50051a016https://doi.org/10.1021/np50051a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Design of Digital Audio Interpolation Filter for Integrating Off-Chip Analog Low-Pass Filter (1999)

This paper has been proposed a structure composed of FIRs and IIR filters as digital interpolation filter to integrate the off-chip analog low-pass filter of audio DAC. The passband ripple (>), passband attenuation(>at) and stopband attenuation() of the modulator output using the proposed digital interpolation filter had , -0.0025[dB] and -75[dB], respectively. Also the inband group delay was 30.07/fs[s] and the error of group delay was 0.1672%. Also, the attenuation of stopband has been increased -20[dB] approximately at 65[kHz], out-of-band. Therefore the RC products of analog low-pass filter on chip have been decreased compared with the conventional digital interpolation filter structure.
Do Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Provide Benefits Similar to Those of Traditional Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, with Less Gastrointestinal Toxicity? (2000)

Two forms of cyclooxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), act as rate-limiting enzymes in prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. Discovery of these compounds led to the development of drugs that selectively or specifically inhibit the COX-2 isoform. Although the COX-1 isoform is expressed at fairly constant levels in cells, including the gastrointestinal mucosa and platelets, expression of COX-2 varies greatly. In many cells, low expression of COX-2 can be upregulated by various stimuli, including inflammatory cytokines, bacterial toxins, and growth factors; this suggests that COX-2 plays a role in inflammation, infection, and cellular proliferation. It was thought that newly developed drugs designed to block COX-2 but not COX-1 would have anti-inflammatory properties and would avoid inhibiting the synthesis of gastrointestinal prostaglandins (thereby avoiding ulcers) and platelet thromboxane (thereby avoiding bleeding). Gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding are side effects of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that block COX-1 and COX-2. Meloxicam and nimesulide, selective COX-2 inhibitors available outside the United States, are as effective as traditional NSAIDs but have similar gastrointestinal side effects. Celecoxib (Celebrex, G.D. Searle and Co., Chicago, Illinois) and rofecoxib (Vioxx, Merck and Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania), selective COX-2 inhibitors approved in the United States in the past year, are also as effective as traditional NSAIDs. However, celecoxib and rofecoxib have no antiplatelet activity and lead to fewer endoscopically detected gastric and duodenal ulcers than traditional NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen. Preliminary analyses of data pooled from several trials suggest that celecoxib and rofecoxib are associated with fewer clinically symptomatic ulcers and ulcer complications than traditional NSAIDs are. Postmarketing surveillance should help clarify the actual risk for serious ulcer complications with these new COX-2 inhibitors and reveal other potential nongastrointestinal toxic reactions that can result from their use.
An Individualized Travel Information System for Optimizing Mode and Route Choice behavior of Commuters (2012)

Urban sprawl and the increasing mobility demand cause serious problems for the transport systems of urban areas, in particular during peak hours. Accidents or roadwork sites worsen the situation for transport users. New technical developments in the field of satellite based localization systems interacting with intermodal and interoperable online recognition of the actual traffic situation make it possible to transmit customized information for transport users who wish to optimize their mobility behavior.On behalf of the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology, the research project PROVET focused on the basic conditions for an individualized transport information system (ITIS). Based on the user's mobility profile and with the help of GPS data, ITIS should be able to determine the most likely mode, route, and destination of a transport user in real-time. By comparing this information with the actual traffic situation, possible delays on the predicted route can be identified and better (intermodal) alternatives can be suggested during a trip or even prior to the beginning of the trip.PROVET mainly focused on the technical feasibility of collecting mobility data to predict the mode and the route but also on the requirements users might have in regard to the system. Based on a test sample, algorithms were developed by using logistic regressions which achieved a detection rate of about 80%. In order to identify alternatives which offered maximum benefit for the user a discrete choice model with known class approach was calibrated, taking variables such as travel time, travel costs, gender specific aspects, or basic requirements for certain modes into account. It showed that the mode as well as the route normally used for the daily trip to work has an essential impact; particularly car commuters consider using their car as a high basic benefit.
Air caloric test: Irrigation technique (1977)

Abstract The technique of using air to perform the caloric test is discussed. Greater temperature differences and larger volumes of air are needed to achieve stimulations equal to those caused by water irrigations. Special consideration must be given to the design and operation of air irrigation equipment. The effects of irrigating a wet canal and of misdirecting the air jet are discussed. A new air irrigation apparatus is described.
Privacy Ethics in Biblical Literature (2017)

This paper combines modern legal scholars' and biblical literature's treatment of a right to privacy. Beginning with a reassessment of Warren & Brandeis' "right to be let alone" as the first legal treatment of a right to privacy, the authors explore the right to privacy’s roots in ancient ethical standards. This is done via a study of privacy as it is treated in biblical literature. What emerge are two themes that are central to ethical decision-making with regard to privacy. The first is that breaches of privacy are irreversible, an idea that is informative as to why privacy is valued so highly. The second addresses the decision dilemmas that arise when privacy and its underlying values conflict with other rights and values. These dilemmas confront business executives, technology developers and engineers, government agents, press and media managers, and others who need to decide how to protect privacy in situations not yet covered by existing privacy laws. These front-line decision makers must make judgments based on pre-existing ethical precepts and traditions because often privacy laws lag behind the problems they are written to address.
Development of a dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine for patients with advanced colorectal cancer. (2001)

The therapy was well tolerated. Dendritic cells were verified by phenotype and in vitro function. The positive keyhole limpet hemocyanin skin test confirms in vivo function by effective vaccination to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Demonstration of any anticancer efficacy will require further follow-up.
Immunogenicity of Four<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Preerythrocytic Antigens in<i>Aotus lemurinus</i>Monkeys (1998)

Aotus lemurinus monkeys were immunized with pools of either lipid-tailed peptides injected in PBS or peptides in Montanide ISA-51, all derived from four Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens, namely, LSA1, LSA3, SALSA, and STARP. These formulations were well tolerated. Their immunogenicity was demonstrated by the induction of both B- and T-cell responses to most of the peptides studied (of the 12, 10 induced antibody production, 9 induced T-cell proliferative responses, and all 12 induced gamma interferon secretion). Immune responses proved to be long lasting, since some were still detectable 210 days after immunization. Of particular importance is the fact that B- and T-cell responses elicited in this way by synthetic peptides were specific for native parasite proteins on P. falciparum sporozoites and liver stage parasites.
The Design of Outsourcing Planning for Semiconductor Backend Turnkey Service (2008)

Wafer fabrications provide the semiconductor backend turnkey service (SBTS) that help their customers to handle the outsourcing business of the three backend processing stages including circuit probing testing, integrated circuit assembly, and final testing. When the process of wafer fabrication is completed, the SBTS provider needs to select appropriate outsourcing firms and to allocate the semi-finished orders to them. In the process of selecting suitable outsourcing firms, the SBTS providers consider the constraints of limited capacity, production cost, due dates, and the processing capabilities of each outsourcing firm. The planning problem for SBTS is very complicated because of requirement variations of orders and capability variations of outsourcing firms. In this paper, a mixed integer programming model for SBTS with the total cost minimization criterion is presented. A case is also provided to demonstrate its applicability of the IP model in real practice.
Processes of Sterile Inflammation (2013)

Sterile inflammation occurs in acute conditions, such as ischemia reperfusion injury and crystal-induced arthritis, as well as with chronic diseases, such as particle-induced lung diseases and atherosclerosis. The triggers of sterile inflammation are still being identified, and the pathways that transduce sterile inflammatory signals are not completely clear. Most of the innate immune pathways that sense infection have been implicated in sterile inflammation, although distinct signaling pathways of sterile inflammation exist. Whether immune pathology ensues after sterile inflammation depends on the balance of induced inflammatory and resolution pathways. Further identification of the molecular mechanisms of sterile inflammation will lead to novel therapeutics to treat a range of diseases.
Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Repeating Unit from <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> Vegetative Cell Walls (2008)

The first synthesis of hexasaccharide 1 representing a repeat unit of a polysaccharide specific to the vegetative cell wall of Bacillus anthracis is reported. The synthetic hexasaccharide is equipped with an n-pentenyl handle at the reducing terminus to allow for further functionalization. Key transformations during the synthesis are the conversion of a glucose into a mannosazide residue, a (2+2) coupling, followed by double alpha-galactosylation to furnish the hexasaccharide, and global deprotection under Birch conditions.
Theory and practice of thin-layer wicking (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory and practice of thin-layer wickingEmil Chibowski and Fernando Gonzalez-CaballeroCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 1, 330–340Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00025a062https://doi.org/10.1021/la00025a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views733Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts