gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Semantics Based Application Level Intrusion Detection System (2007)

The increasing cyber threat with the expansion of Web applications demands a constant need for safeguarding our own network resources from vulnerability exploits. Attacks can occur at the network and application level. The existent solutions like firewalls perform well at the network level. The application level detection is based on raw content matching and hence is prone to errors. This paper proposes a design, implementation and performance of an intelligent IDS which looks into the semantics of the application header and also the Web presentation language. The model presented is compatible to work with semantic processors like the XAMBALA semantic processor (XSP), that can look at the structure and content of the traffic
Surface restoration of oxygen-implanted silicon (1983)

The effects of oxygen implantation and annealing conditions on surface crystal restoration were studied as a function of temperature, by means of infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet reflectance, electron microscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis. The oxygen interstitial absorption band shifts from 1020 to 1100 cm−1 with annealing temperature, and, the structure of the buried oxide changes with annealing condition. The restoration process is enhanced by defects formed during implantation. The binding energy of the oxygen-vacancy complex was found to be (0.48±0.03) eV from kinetic analysis. Low-temperature implanation combined with a long-term single-stage annealing is found to be suitable for good surface restoration.
A Time Course Study of Production of Virulence Factors by Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2009)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an epitome of opportunistic pathogens. It is the third most common pathogen associated with hospital acquired catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). This pathogen forms biofilms on the surface of indwelling catheters which are resistant to antimicrobial agents as well as to host defense mechanisms leading to chronicity and recurrence of infections. In the present study, elaboration of virulence factors by immature and mature biofilm cells of P. aeruginosa was assessed in vitro. It was observed that with increase in time period of biofilm generation from 1 to 4 day (immature biofilms) there was increase in elaboration of majority of virulence traits. However 5 day old biofilms (mature biofilms) were least producers of all the virulence determinants which continued till 7 th day. Implications of these findings in relation to urinary tract infections caused by biofilms of P. aeruginosa have been discussed.
Nucleotide sequence of the gene conferring fosfomycin resistance in (1990)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of gene fosB of plasmid pIP1842, which confers resistant to fosfomycin in Staphylococcus epidermidis BM2641. The resistance gene was identified as a coding sequence of 417 bases pairs corresponding to a protein with a calculated Mw of 16,345 daltons. This value is in good agreement with that of 15,000, estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of a bacterial cell-free coupled transcription-translation system. The fosB gene product exhibits 48% sequence homology with the fosfomycin resistance protein FOSA of Enterobacteriaceae. The substitutions are scattered throughout indicating that the two corresponding genes have diverged from a common ancestor. Downstream from fosB is located an open reading frame that was partially sequenced. The deduced amino-acid sequence was 50% homologous to REP alpha 1, a protein involved in the replication of the Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pAM alpha 1.
Recognizing Material Properties from Images (2018)

Humans rely on properties of the materials that make up objects to guide our interactions with them. Grasping smooth materials, for example, requires care, and softness is an ideal property for fabric used in bedding. Even when these properties are not visual (e.g. softness is a physical property), we may still infer their presence visually. We refer to such material properties as visual material attributes. Recognizing these attributes in images can contribute valuable information for general scene understanding and material recognition. Unlike well-known object and scene attributes, visual material attributes are local properties with no fixed shape or spatial extent. We show that given a set of images annotated with known material attributes, we may accurately recognize the attributes from small local image patches. Obtaining such annotations in a consistent fashion at scale, however, is challenging. To address this, we introduce a method that allows us to probe the human visual perception of materials by asking simple yes/no questions comparing pairs of image patches. This provides sufficient weak supervision to build a set of attributes and associated classifiers that, while unnamed, serve the same function as the named attributes we use to describe materials. Doing so allows us to recognize visual material attributes without resorting to exhaustive manual annotation of a fixed set of named attributes. Furthermore, we show that this method may be integrated in the end-to-end learning of a material classification CNN to simultaneously recognize materials and discover their visual attributes. Our experimental results show that visual material attributes, whether named or automatically discovered, provide a useful intermediate representation for known material categories themselves as well as a basis for transfer learning when recognizing previously-unseen categories.
Polymorphic design of DNA origami structures through mechanical control of modular components (2017)

Scaffolded DNA origami enables the bottom-up fabrication of diverse DNA nanostructures by designing hundreds of staple strands, comprised of complementary sequences to the specific binding locations of a scaffold strand. Despite its exceptionally high design flexibility, poor reusability of staples has been one of the major hurdles to fabricate assorted DNA constructs in an effective way. Here we provide a rational module-based design approach to create distinct bent shapes with controllable geometries and flexibilities from a single, reference set of staples. By revising the staple connectivity within the desired module, we can control the location, stiffness, and included angle of hinges precisely, enabling the construction of dozens of single- or multiple-hinge structures with the replacement of staple strands up to 12.8% only. Our design approach, combined with computational shape prediction and analysis, can provide a versatile and cost-effective procedure in the design of DNA origami shapes with stiffness-tunable units.
Collagen Implants in the Vitreous (1969)

Proctase-treated collagen solutions and gels were implanted in the anterior chamber and vitreous of 72 rabbit and 27 monkey eyes and their appearance, fate, and effects on surrounding tissue determined. All implants were well-tolerated, although an initial inflammatory response to collagen implants in monkeys exceeded that seen in controls. Ultraviolet irradiation was used to produce collagen gels and to prevent in vivo aggregation of collagen solutions. These implants retained their gel-like structure in vivo and were absorbed from rabbit anterior chambers in two weeks and from monkey vitreous in two months. All implants were totally absorbed without damage to the eyes.
An Empirical Study of the Coolstreaming+ System (2007)

In recent years, there has been significant interest in adopting the peer-to-peer (P2P) technology for Internet live video streaming. There are primarily two reasons behind this development: the elimination of infrastructure support and the self-scaling property of P2P systems. The success of our system Coolstreaming represented one of the earliest large-scale P2P video streaming experiments. Since then, there have been several large-scale commercial deployments. With desirable content, these systems have the potential to scale orders of magnitude beyond the existing academic P2P prototypes. However, to transform this potential into reality, we need to understand the key design trade-offs and principles, as well as the design limitations of these systems. There are two main design decisions in a P2P streaming system: (i) How to form an overlay, and (ii) How to deliver the content. Coolstreaming adopts a gossiping protocol for overlay construction, and a swarm-based protocol for content delivery. While these protocols provide excellent flexibility and effectiveness in dealing with system dynamics and random failure, their impact on the performance and the system scalability remain less known. This paper takes an inside look at a commercial system based on the Coolstreaming, called Coolstreaming+. We explore its design choices and the impact of these choices on streaming performance. Specifically, by using internal traces generated by recent live broadcast events, we study the workload, performance, and dynamics of the system. Based on these traces, we show that (1) the churn is the most critical factor that affects the overall performance of the system, and (2) there is a highly skew resource distribution in P2P streaming systems, which has significant impact on resource allocation. We further discuss the impact of these observations on the system properties, and present solutions to deal with various design challenges. In particular, we suggest solutions to deal with the excessive start-up time and high failure rates during flash crowd, which are two of the main challenges any streaming system needs to address.
Development of optical mammography based on analysis of time-resolved photon path distribution (2010)

A diffused optical mammography composed of a 48-channel time-resolved spectroscopy system is being developed for breast cancer diagnosis. The system utilizes the time-correlated single photon counting method, and the detector modules and the signal processing circuits were custom made to obtain a high signal to noise ratio and high temperature stability with a high temporal resolution. Pulsed light generated by a Ti:Sapphire laser was irradiated to the breast, and the transmitted light was collected by optical fibers placed on the surface of a hemispherical gantry filled with an optical matching fluid. To reconstruct a 3D image of the breast, we employed a method using time-resolved photon path distribution (time-resolved PPD) based on the assumption that scattering and absorption are independent of each other. As it is not necessary to recalculate the time-resolved PPD corresponding to any changes in the absorption, we can obtain the reconstructed image quickly. The clinical research was started in January 2007. In a comparative study with conventional modalities, the breast cancers were detected as optically higher absorption regions. Moreover, it was suggested that the optical mammography is useful in monitoring the effect of chemotherapy.
mRNA-based therapeutics–Advances and perspectives (2016)

In this review we discuss features of mRNA synthesis and modifications used to minimize immune response and prolong efficiency of the translation process in vivo. Considerable attention is given to the use of liposomes and nanoparticles containing lipids and polymers for the mRNA delivery. Finally we briefly discuss mRNAs which are currently in the clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy, vaccination against infectious diseases, and replacement therapy.
From Private Choice to Public Value? (2011)

Greater choice in public services has been one of the recent mantras for both the Labour and Conservative parties. This has provoked a flurry of debate in both academic and policy circles. There has therefore been a growing critique of choice as an adequate concept to motivate and mobilize a further wave of public service reform. This lecture will discuss the proposition that a more potent concept to provide a rationale for public service reform and improvement and innovation is ‘public value’.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Phenylpyrazoles from 2‐Alkenyl‐5‐phenyltetrazoles. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optical computing : proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, August 1988 (1989)

Optical Interconnects J.W. Goodman Digital Optics A. Lohmann Photorefractive Devices J.P. Huignard Current Technology Trends K.H. Bohle Parallel Computers D.J. Wallace Associative Memory D. Psaltis Spatial Light Modulators S.A. Collins Optical Computer Architectures K.H. Brenner Switching Networks G. Parry Optical Bistability D.A.B Miller Optical Circuits S.D. Smith
A portion of the system silica-water (1950)

Other| November 01, 1950 A portion of the system silica-water George Clayton Kennedy George Clayton Kennedy Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information George Clayton Kennedy Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1554-0774 Print ISSN: 0361-0128 GeoRef, Copyright 2006, American Geological Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Society of Economic Geologists. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States Economic Geology (1950) 45 (7): 629–653. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.45.7.629 Article history First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation George Clayton Kennedy; A portion of the system silica-water. Economic Geology 1950;; 45 (7): 629–653. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.45.7.629 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyEconomic Geology Search Advanced Search Abstract The solubility of quartz plates in water has been measured at temperatures ranging to 610 degrees C and at pressures ranging to 1,750 bars. Rate of solution of the quartz plates depends on temperature, orientation of the quartz plate and on minute compositional differences in quartz. The solubility determinations have been made along the three-phase boundary, quartz-gas-liquid; and in two two-phase fields, quartz-liquid and quartz-gas. No break is encountered in the solubility curves as they cross the boundary between the quartz-gas and quartz-liquid fields, provided that the specific volume of the fluid phase is held constant.The solubility of quartz in water is much lower than is the solubility of quartz glass or colloidal silica in water. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
OSNR Monitoring Technique for PDM-QPSK Signals Based on Asynchronous Delay-Tap Sampling Technique (2010)

We propose and demonstrate a new technique for monitoring the individual OSNR of each polarization tributary of PDM-QPSK signals. The results show that the performance of this technique is not sensitive to PMD and PDL.
Study on the factors in creating the IMC-free region: dissimilar metal joining of aluminium alloys to steel by a MIG-braze welding by using the advanced hot-dip aluminized steel sheet (2012)

Dissimilar metal joining of aluminium alloys to steel is generally difficult to be in practical use because of a formation of brittle intermetallic Fe–Al compound (IMC) at the interface of the joint. The authors have been researching in order to minimize the thickness of this brittle IMC in order to get excellent joint strength and have found that the formation of this brittle IMC is regionally prevented by using the advanced hot-dip aluminized steel sheet and by adopting suitable joining conditions. In particular, this paper focuses on the mechanism of creating this IMC-free region in the case of MIG-braze welding and the results obtained are as follows. (1) The creation of IMC-free region is initiated as the first process by the dissolution of the τ5 phase (Fe–Al–Si) in the aluminized layer into the weld metal, and temperatures of more than 886 K for dissolution during MIG-braze welding and the use of filler metal for dilution of Fe and Si in τ5 phase have significant effects. (2) In the second process, the diffusion between aluminium-alloy weld metal and base steel is restricted by AlN on the surface thin layer of the base steel which existed under 908 K temperature conditions during MIG-braze welding.
The Molecular Epidemiology of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis in the Greater Reykjavik Area, Iceland (2003)

The results indicate a relatively stable situation of genotypes and suggest an ecological advantage of serotype E.
Undersea Target Classification Using Canonical Correlation Analysis (2007)

Canonical correlation analysis is employed as a multiaspect feature extraction method for underwater target classification. The method exploits linear dependence or coherence between two consecutive sonar returns, at different aspect angles. This is accomplished by extracting the dominant canonical correlations between the two sonar returns and using them as features for classifying mine-like objects from nonmine-like objects. The experimental results on a wideband acoustic backscattered data set, which contains sonar returns from several mine-like and nonmine-like objects in two different environmental conditions, show the promise of canonical correlation features for mine-like versus nonmine-like discrimination. The results also reveal that in a fixed bottom condition, canonical correlation features are relatively invariant to changes in aspect angle.
Comparative Study of Surface-Active Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Disaccharide Monoesters (2014)

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of sugar or fatty acid in sugar ester compounds on the surface-active properties and antimicrobial activities of these compounds. Disaccharides of medium-chain fatty acid monoesters were synthesized through transesterifications by immobilized lipase (Lipozyme TLIM) to yield nine monoesters for subsequent study. Their antimicrobial activities were investigated using three pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Candida albicans. Their surface-active properties including air-water surface tension, critical micelle concentration, and foaming and emulsion power and stability were also studied. The results showed that all of the tested monoesters were more effective against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacterium) than against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (Gram-negative bacterium). The results demonstrated that the carbon chain length was the most important factor influencing the surface properties, whereas degree of esterification and hydrophilic groups showed little effect.
Dialog act tagging with support vector machines and hidden Markov models (2006)

We use a combination of linear support vector machines and hidden markov models for dialog act tagging in the HCRC MapTask corpus, and obtain better results than those previously reported. Support vector machines allow easy integration of sparse highdimensional text features and dense low-dimensional acoustic features, and produce posterior probabilities usable by sequence labelling algorithms. The relative contribution of text and acoustic features for each class of dialog act is analyzed. Index Terms: dialog acts, discourse, support vector machines, classification probabilities, Viterbi algorithm.
Base Excision Repair Intermediates Induce p53-independent Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Responses (2003)

DNA alkylation damage is primarily repaired by the base excision repair (BER) machinery in mammalian cells. In repair of the N-alkylated purine base lesion, for example, alkyl adenine DNA glycosylase (Aag) recognizes and removes the base, and DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol) contributes the gap tailoring and DNA synthesis steps. It is the loss of beta-pol-mediated 5'-deoxyribose phosphate removal that renders mouse fibroblasts alkylation-hypersensitive. Here we report that the hypersensitivity of beta-pol-deficient cells after methyl methanesulfonate-induced alkylation damage is wholly dependent upon glycosylase-mediated initiation of repair, indicating that alkylated base lesions themselves are tolerated in these cells and demonstrate that beta-pol protects against accumulation of toxic BER intermediates. Further, we find that these intermediates are initially tolerated in vivo by a second repair pathway, homologous recombination, inducing an increase in sister chromatid exchange events. If left unresolved, these BER intermediates trigger a rapid block in DNA synthesis and cytotoxicity. Surprisingly, both the cytotoxic and genotoxic signals are independent of both the p53 response and mismatch DNA repair pathways, demonstrating that p53 is not required for a functional BER pathway, that the observed damage response is not part of the p53 response network, and that the BER intermediate-induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects are distinct from the mechanism engaged in response to mismatch repair signaling. These studies demonstrate that, although base damage is repaired by the BER pathway, incomplete BER intermediates are shuttled into the homologous recombination pathway, suggesting possible coordination between BER and the recombination machinery.
Human Stratum Corneum Penetration by Nickel (2001)

Sequential tape stripping was implemented on three healthy volunteers to examine the surface distribution of nickel through human stratum corneum in vivo following occlusive application of the metal as powder on the volar forearm. Exposure sites were stripped 20 times at intervals from 5min to 96h postdosing and the strips analyzed for metal content by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy with a detection limit for nickel of 0.5ppb. The gradients of nickel distribution profiles increased proportionally with occlusion time, but after the 10th strip to the 20th strip continued at constant levels. Total nickel removed with 20 stratum corneum strips to the level of the glistening layer after maximum occlusion of 96h was 41.6 w g/cm2 (- 12.2; average n = 3). In order to normalize the nickel depth distribution profiles, stratum corneum removed by stripping of untreated skin after occlusion was determined by weighing. Following application of nickel dust over 24h, analysis of the 20th strip still indicated nickel present at 1.42 w g/cm2 (- 0.68; average n = 3). These data indicate that, in contact with skin, nickel metal is oxidized to form soluble, stratum corneumdiffusible compounds which may penetrate the intact stratum corneum, presumably by the intercellular route, and have the potential to elicit allergic reactions.