gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ALPHA-TETRAHYDROFURFURYL CHLORIDE AND ALPHA-TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ETHERS (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTALPHA-TETRAHYDROFURFURYL CHLORIDE AND ALPHA-TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ETHERSW. R. KirnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 8, 3251–3256Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01371a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01371a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views312Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Variable temperature high-pressure Raman cell (1980)

A variable temperature, one-window high-pressure optical cell is described. Some data on four different phases of NH4Br are included to illustrate its use for 180 degrees C Raman scattering studies.
The Photoproduction of 1α,25–Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>in Skin (1980)

Cutaneous 7-dehydrocholesterol, exposed to ultraviolet radiation, converts to previtamin D3, which in turn converts in skin to vitamin D3 and is carried into the circulation. We investigated the feasibility of the photochemical conversion in skin of hydroxylated derivatives of 7-dehydrocholesterol - such as 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-7-dehydrocholesterol (1 alpha, 25-(OH)2-7-DHC) - to the corresponding hydroxylated previtamin as an alternative method of delivery of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha, 25-(OH)2-D3) to subjects who are deficient in the endogenous metabolite. In human volunteers and in vitamin-D-deficient rats [24-3H] 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2-D3 appeared in blood after [24-3H] 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2-7-DHC was applied to the skin and exposed to ultraviolet radiation. In anephric rats, intestinal calcium absorption and serum calcium levels were elevated after a topical dose of 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2-7-DHC combined with ultraviolet phototherapy. Delivery of equivalent doses of 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2-D3 through the skin and orally showed that there was more prolonged stimulation in intestinal calcium absorption and serum calcium elevation after cutaneous administration. The photochemical conversion of precursors may be useful in the treatment of patients with impaired vitamin-D metabolism.
Dielectric sensing in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi></mml:math>-near-zero narrow waveguide channels (2008)

We exploit here the dramatic field enhancement caused by energy squeezing and tunneling (i.e., ``supercoupling'') in metamaterial-inspired ultranarrow waveguide channels with near-zero effective permittivity in order to sense small permittivity variations in a tiny object. The supercoupling effect is accurately modeled analytically and closed-form expressions are derived to describe the presence of defects or permittivity perturbations along the channel. Applications for tailoring its pass-band frequency and for high-$Q$ sensing are proposed at microwave frequencies.
Uterine artery myosin phosphatase isoform switching and increased sensitivity to SNP in a rat <scp>l</scp>-NAME model of hypertension of pregnancy (2007)

Dramatic and vascular bed-specific hemodynamic changes occur in pregnancy and hypertension of pregnancy (HtP). Because myosin phosphatase (MP) is the primary effector of smooth muscle relaxation and a key target of signaling pathways that regulate vascular tone, we hypothesized that MP expression would be altered in these conditions. The abundance of the targeting/regulatory subunit of MP (MYPT1) mRNA and protein was increased 1.7- to 2.0-fold specifically in the uterine arteries (UAs) of late-pregnant rats without isoform switching. In a model of HtP in which nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is blocked by the chronic administration of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, MYPT1 was downregulated and switched to the splice variant isoform that codes for the COOH-terminal leucine zipper motif. This was associated with increased sensitivity of the main UA and its subbranches to the vasorelaxant effects of the NO donor drug sodium nitroprusside. This difference was abolished by pretreatment with the phosphatase inhibitor tautomycetin. The sensitivity of relaxation to the NO second messenger cGMP was also increased under calcium-clamp conditions in permeabilized UAs, indicating heightened activation of MP. The changes in MP expression in HtP were largely prevented by treatment with the antihypertensive medicine hydralazine. We propose that MYPT1 isoform switching is an adaptive response to reduce vascular resistance and maintain uterine blood flow in the setting of hypertension-triggered inward remodeling of the UAs in hypertension of pregnancy.
Inversion of PP- and PS Seismic Data (2003)

D-14 INVERSION OF PP- and PS SEISMIC DATA Summary A simultaneous inversion method for PP- and PS seismic data is presented. The method is based on least square estimation techniques and Singular Value Decomposition is used to ensure the stability of the equation system. By combining two sets of independent measurements the presented inversion technique is assumed to be more robust than inversion of PP-data or PS-data alone. The new methodology requires no knowledge of the wavelets from the two data sets but it requires the two datasets to be aligned in time and calibrated to reflection coefficients. The inversion
Computergestützte Tourenplanung (1999)

Wie auch die manuelle Tourenplanung beruht die computerunterstützte Tourenplanung auf Daten zu den vier Elementen:
Interfacial Tension of Alkane + Water Systems (2001)

Interfacial tension was measured for hexane + water, heptane + water, octane + water, nonane + water, decane + water, undecane + water, and dodecane + water, using the emergent drop experimental technique with a numerical method based on a fourth degree spline interpolation of the drop profile. The experimental equipment used to generate the drop consists of a cell with a stainless steel body and two Pyrex windows. The inner cell was previously filled with water. A surgical needle (at the bottom of the cell) was used to introduce the organic phase into the cell (forming the emergent drop). Water was used to keep the temperature constant inside the cell (between 10 °C and 60 °C). The cell was illuminated from the back using a fiber optic lamp and a diffuser. A video camera (with a 60 mm microlens and an extension ring) was located at the front window. The emergent drop image was captured and sent to the video recording system. The cell and the optical components were placed on an optical table with vibration isolation legs. A new correlation was found to predict interfacial tension (γ) as a function of temperature (t) and the number of carbon atoms (n) with a deviation of less than 0.05% from experimental values.
Natural Language Query Processing on Dynamic Databases Using Semantic Grammar (2014)

Ease and effectiveness of Information Retrieval from Structured Database through Natural Language provides high utility value. The main purpose of Natural Language Query Processing is that an English sentence will be interpreted by the computer and appropriate action taken. It includes correct interpretation, disambiguation and context resolution in natural language query processing. Asking questions to databases in natural language is a very convenient and easy method of data access, especially for casual users who do not understand complicated database query languages such as SQL. Input of system is an English statement that will be converted into equivalent SQL query and SQL query will be fired on related database to get final output. Our system provides intelligence to the natural language processing in terms of lexicon processing, query formulation and automatic generation of SQL code which can be easily modified and reuse.
The extract of<i>Cinnamomum cassia</i>twigs inhibits adipocyte differentiation via activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (2013)

These results suggest that CR extract may have therapeutic potential as a natural agent for the improvement of T2D via regulation of the insulin-dependent signaling pathway.
The collagen‐binding site of type‐II units of bovine seminal fluid protein PDC‐109 and fibronectin (1990)

A single type-II domain has been isolated by limited proteolysis of the collagen-binding bovine seminal fluid protein, PDC-109. The 45-residue fragment corresponding to the second type-II domain of the parent molecule was found to have retained affinity for immobilized collagen, indicating that this minidomain carries critical regions of the collagen-binding site. Studies on various fragments of fibronectin have also implicated the two type-II units of this molecule in collagen-binding. In the present work we have found that type-II domains of human fibronectin, expressed in Escherichia coli as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins, bind specifically to immobilized collagen.
Transmission electron microscopy study of degradation in transparent indium tin oxide/Ag/indium tin oxide multilayer films (2013)

The degradation mechanism and structural evolution of transparent ITO/Ag/ITO (IAI) multilayer films caused by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and synchrotron X-ray scattering analysis. The IAI multilayer with low sheet resistance of 9.51 Ω/square and high transmittance of 88.24% was significantly degraded after 600 °C RTA. Discontinuity, agglomeration of the embedded Ag layer at the interface region of the IAI multilayer, and oxygen diffusion through crystalline ITO grain boundaries into Ag layers led to electrical and optical degradation of the IAI multilayer. Using HRTEM analysis, the microstructures and interfaces of as-deposited and 600 °C annealed IAI multilayer films were compared to explain their electrical and optical degradation mechanisms.
Multidrug resistance is a component of V79 cell resistance to the alkylating agent adozelesin. (1993)

Adozelesin is a highly potent alkylating agent which has entered clinical trials based on its unique mechanisms of action and broad-spectrum antitumor activity in vivo. V79 cells resistant to adozelesin (V79/AdoR) were not resistant to the alkylating agent cisplatin but showed the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of multidrug resistance. Thus V79/AdoR was cross-resistant to several structurally and functionally unrelated drugs, resistance was reversed by verapamil, and the resistant cell line expressed mdr mRNA and p170 glycoprotein. Also, adozelesin uptake and the amount of drug alkylated to DNA was much lower in the resistant cell line as compared to the sensitive parent. However, even with the same amount of drug bound to DNA (10 fmol/micrograms DNA) the survival of V79/S approximately 15% survival) was much lower than that of V79/AdoR (approximately 80%). Therefore the resistance of V79/AdoR cannot be explained solely by the multidrug resistance mechanism (i.e., lower drug uptake and less drug alkylation to DNA), which suggests that multiple mechanisms may account for resistance to adozelesin. V79/AdoR showed different levels of cross-resistance to several adozelesin analogues. The analogues could be divided into 2 groups; those with very low partition coefficients (log P < 2 as compared to 2.74 for adozelesin) had low levels of cross-resistance, whereas analogues with higher partition coefficients (log P > 2.4) were cross-resistant to adozelesin.
Recent Advances in Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Olefin Isomerization and Hydroacylation Reactions (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Isomerization of Olefins Allylic Amines Allylic Ethers Allylic Alcohols1 Summary Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroacylation of Olefins and Alkynes with Aldehydes Cyclopentanones Cyclopentenones Summary References
Synchronization and Matching in Redundant Systems (1978)

Most of the published work on massive redundancy makes one crucial assumption: the redundant modules are synchronized. There are three ways of achieving synchronization in redundant systems-independent accurate clocks, a common external reference, and mutual feedback. The use of a common external reference is currently the most widely used technique, but suffers from vulnerability to common-point failures. We introduce a novel mutual feedback technique, called "synchronization voting," that does not have this drawback. A practical application of synchronization voting is described in the appendix—a fault-tolerant crystal-controlled clock.
Energy Levels of Krypton, Kr I through Kr XXXVI (1991)

The energy levels of the krypton atom, in all stages of ionization for which experimental data are available, have been compiled. No data has yet been published for Kr XI through Kr XVIII. For H-like krypton very accurate calculated level values are compiled. In all, data for 29 spectra are given. Experimental g-factors are included for Kr I and Kr II. Calculated percentage compositions of levels are given for 12 ions. A value for the ionization energy of each ion, either experimental or theoretical, is included.
Compression-aware digital pan/tilt/zoom (2009)

We consider a video transmission system that supports digital pan/tilt/zoom by cropping the region-of-interest (RoI) chosen by the user and encoding it before transmission. With a static camera, the motion in the transmitted video results mostly from changing the RoI. We propose an efficient technique for cropping the RoI in a way that yields low-energy residual after motion compensation performed by a video encoder such as H.264/AVC. Experimental results indicate that the proposed technique can achieve a significant rate reduction of about 70% compared to compression-oblivious digital pan/tilt/zoom with negligible increase in system complexity.
Sinterable Ceramic Powders from Laser‐Driven Reactions: II, Powder Characteristics and Process Variables (1982)

Si, Si 3 N 4 , and SiC powders which possess a unique set of characteristics were produced by a laser‐driven gas‐phase synthesis process. The powders have a fine particle size (<0.1 μm), are spherical, have a narrow range of particle sizes, are free of hard agglomerates, have a high degree of phase purity, and have a high absolute purity (<0.1% including oxygen). A detailed analysis of the physical, chemical, and crystalline characteristics of Si and Si 3 N 4 is presented. A brief discussion of our initial work with SiC is also included. The dependence of particle characteristics on the various process parameters (laser power, cell pressure, gas composition) is discussed and related to a model of the powder‐synthesis process.
In vitro integration of an ichnovirus genome segment into the genomic DNA of lepidopteran cells (2006)

Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are dsDNA viruses transmitted by ichneumonid and braconid endoparasitoids to their lepidopteran hosts during oviposition. Wasp carriers are asymptomatic and transmit the virus to their progeny through the germ line; replication is confined to the calyx region of the wasp ovary, where the virus accumulates in the fluid bathing the eggs. In the lepidopteran host, however, no virus replication takes place, but PDV gene expression is essential for successful parasitism. Sustained gene expression in the absence of virus replication thus requires that the circular PDV genome segments persist for days within host cells. Available evidence suggests that most genome segments persist as episomes, but recent studies have indicated that some genome segments may undergo integration within lepidopteran genomic DNA, at least in vitro. In the present study, an integrated form of a Tranosema rostrale ichnovirus (TrIV) genome segment was cloned from genomic DNA extracted from infected Choristoneura fumiferana CF-124T cells and junction regions on either side of the viral DNA sequence were sequenced. This is the first proven example of integration of an ichnovirus genome segment in infected lepidopteran cells. Interestingly, circular forms of this genome segment do not appear to persist in these cells; none the less, a gene (TrFrep1) carried by this genome segment displays long-term transcription in infected cultured cells.
Hyperspectral Sensing for Turbid Water Quality Monitoring in Freshwater Rivers: Empirical Relationship between Reflectance and Turbidity and Total Solids (2014)

Total suspended solid (TSS) is an important water quality parameter. This study was conducted to test the feasibility of the band combination of hyperspectral sensing for inland turbid water monitoring in Taiwan. The field spectral reflectance in the Wu river basin of Taiwan was measured with a spectroradiometer; the water samples were collected from the different sites of the Wu river basin and some water quality parameters were analyzed on the sites (in situ) as well as brought to the laboratory for further analysis. To obtain the data set for this study, 160 in situ sample observations were carried out during campaigns from August to December, 2005. The water quality results were correlated with the reflectivity to determine the spectral characteristics and their relationship with turbidity and TSS. Furthermore, multiple-regression (MR) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model the transformation function between TSS concentration and turbidity levels of stream water, and the radiance measured by the spectroradiometer. The value of the turbidity and TSS correlation coefficient was 0.766, which implies that turbidity is significantly related to TSS in the Wu river basin. The results indicated that TSS and turbidity are positively correlated in a significant way across the entire spectrum, when TSS concentration and turbidity levels were under 800 mg·L(-1) and 600 NTU, respectively. Optimal wavelengths for the measurements of TSS and turbidity are found in the 700 and 900 nm range, respectively. Based on the results, better accuracy was obtained only when the ranges of turbidity and TSS concentration were less than 800 mg·L(-1) and less than 600 NTU, respectively and used rather than using whole dataset (R(2) = 0.93 versus 0.88 for turbidity and R(2) = 0.83 versus 0.58 for TSS). On the other hand, the ANN approach can improve the TSS retrieval using MR. The accuracy of TSS estimation applying ANN (R(2) = 0.66) was better than with the MR approach (R(2) = 0.58), as expected due to the nonlinear nature of the transformation model.
Cyclic Sulfones. II. The Polymerization of Styrene in the Presence of 3,4-Diphenylthiophene-1-dioxide and 3,4-Di-(ρ-chlorophenyl)-thiophene-1-dioxide<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic Sulfones. II. The Polymerization of Styrene in the Presence of 3,4-Diphenylthiophene-1-dioxide and 3,4-Di-(ρ-chlorophenyl)-thiophene-1-dioxide1C. G. Overberger, Harry J. Mallon, and Ralph FineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 11, 4958–4961Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01167a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01167a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Joint Replica Server Placement, Content Caching, and Request Load Assignment in Content Delivery Networks (2018)

With the explosive growth of information and communication technology and its services, some popular Websites currently generate an enormous amount of Internet traffic. A content delivery network (CDN) would then become imperative for supporting such services efficiently. In this paper, we propose joint optimizing approaches for replica server placement, content caching in selected servers, and content request load assignment among the servers, aiming to minimize the ratio of unserved content request load when the network resources and server capacity are both limited. For this, we develop a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model. To mitigate the computational complexity of the MILP model, we further decompose the optimization problem into three sub-problems, including: 1) choosing the replica server nodes optimally; 2) deciding the content items to be cached in the replica servers; and 3) allocating the content request loads from users onto different servers. For these sub-problems, we develop corresponding heuristic algorithms and show that the proposed approach is not only efficient but also performs very close to the MILP model. We also find that a number of system limitations, such as different numbers of replica servers placed, link capacity, server processing capacity, and server storage capacity, jointly affect the performance of the CDN. Saturation trends are observed on the performance, which indicate that as long as sufficient resources have already been provided, augmenting the resources further may only lead to marginal additional performance improvement.
Daily Fluctuations in Thermal Stratification, Chlorophyll a, Turbidity and Dissolved Oxygen Concentration in Lake Biwa (1996)

As a part of the Biwako Transport Experiments (BITEX'93), we did synoptic transects covering both the South Basin and the North Basin from 24 August-13 September, 1993 every day except two stormy days (4 and 9 September). Within a few hours before noon of each day, vertical profiles were conducted for temperature, chlorophyll a fluorescence (chl-a), turbidity, and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) every 5 cm. Temperature profiles showed the surface mixing regime varied daily, influenced by fluctuations in surface cooling and wind forcing. In the North Basin, the metalimnion was 10-15 m below the lake surface, which was deeper than the euphotic zone. Chl-a tended to peak in the middle of the epilimnion, decrease rapidly in the metalimnion and was very low in the hypolimnion. A marked turbidity maximum was observed in the metalimnion after heavy discharge of turbid water from rivers. A pronounced feature was the metalimnetic DO minimum layer, which developed during warm and calm weather. Immediately after cool and windy weather, this layer became obscure, associated with a DO decrease in the epilimnion. This implies that the low DO water in the metalimnion was mixed into the upper layer due to the strong vertical mixing.