gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Are T-LGL leukemia and NK-chronic lymphoproliferative disorder really two distinct diseases? (2014)

Mature Large Granular lymphocytes (LGL) disorders include a spectrum of conditions, ranging from polyclonal to clonal indolent and/or overt leukemic LGL proliferations. Most cases are represented by clonal expansions of TCRα/β+ LGL displaying a CD8+ phenotype with expression of cytotoxic T-cell antigens (CD57, CD16, TIA-1, perforin and granzyme B). Proliferations of CD3-CD16+ NK cells with a restricted patter of NK receptors are less common, usually comprising 15% of the cases. Main features are cytopenias, splenomegaly and autoimmune phenomena. Morphology, immunophenotyping and molecular analyses are crucial to establish a correct diagnosis of disease. According to the 2008 WHO classification, two separate entities account for the majority of cases, T-LGL leukemia and Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disease of NK cell (this latter still provisional). Although these disorders are characterized by the expansion of different cells types i.e. T and NK cells, with specific genetic features and abnormalities, compelling evidence supports the hypothesis that a common pathogenic mechanism would be involved in both disorders. As a matter of fact, a foreign antigen driven clonal selection is considered the initial step in the mechanism ultimately leading to generation of both conditions. In this chapter we will discuss recent advances on the pathogenesis of chronic T and NK disorders of granular lymphocytes, challenging the current WHO classification on the opportunity to separate T and NK disorders, which are likely to represent two sides of the same coin.
Evidence That Ceramide Selectively Inhibits Protein Kinase C-α Translocation and Modulates Bradykinin Activation of Phospholipase D (1995)

Sphingomyelinase (SMase) treatment (0.1 unit/ml for up to 30 min) of mouse epidermal (HEL-37) or human skin fibroblast (SF 3155) cells preincubated with [3H]serine to label the sphingomyelin pool caused the accumulation of labeled ceramide but not sphingosine or ceramide 1-phosphate. Incubation of HEL-37 cells with dioctanoylglycerol (diC8) or SF 3155 cells with bradykinin caused translocation of calcium/phosphatidylserine-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) activity to particulate material. In both cell lines the translocation was blocked by SMase treatment of the cells or by incubation with the cell-permeable ceramide analogue N-acetylsphingosine (C2-Cer). Western blot analysis indicated that treatment of HEL-37 cells with diC8 or SF 3155 cells with bradykinin resulted in the translocation of both PKC-alpha and PKC-espilon to particulate material. Treatment with SMase or C2-Cer specifically blocked the translocation of PKC-alpha but not that of PKC-epsilon. Pretreatment of cells with SMase or C2-Cer also inhibited the activation of phospholipase D activity induced by either diC8 (HEL-37 cells) or bradykinin (SF 3155 cells). The data provide strong evidence that ceramide can negatively regulate the translocation of PKC-alpha but not PKC-epsilon and further suggest that PKC-alpha may be involved in regulating phospholipase D activity.
The role of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Ag nanoparticles for conductive nanocomposite (2005)

To improve the electrical property of the isotropic conductive adhesives (ICA), self-assembled monolayer (SAM) compounds were used to help the dispersion of silver nanoparticles in epoxy resin. Silver nanoparticles were first treated by the SAM in order to increase the filler loading of nanoparticles in epoxy resin. The bonding and thermal debonding behavior between silver and SAM was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The amount of SAM coated on Ag nanoparticles was tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphologies of SAM treated Ag nanoparticles before and after the heat treatment. Several kinds of epoxy formulation were prepared by using SAM-treated Ag nanoparticles as conductive fillers and the resistivities were studied.
Optical Patch Antennas for Single Photon Emission Using Surface Plasmon Resonances (2010)

Single photon sources can greatly benefit from specially designed structures that modify the properties of the photon emitter. Dielectric cavities are often discussed, but they require a compromise between the spectral width and Purcell factor. In this Letter, we introduce plasmonic cavities as promising alternatives. We first study how the emitter couples with the modes of such structures. We then show how a patch antenna configuration simultaneously presents a large Purcell factor, collection efficiency, and spectral width.
Improved resolution 3D object reconstruction using computational integral imaging with time multiplexing (2004)

In the computational three-dimensional (3D) volumetric reconstruction integral imaging (II) system, volume pixels of the scene are reconstructed by superimposing the inversely mapped elemental images through a computationally simulated optical reconstruction process according to ray optics. Close placement of a 3D object to the lenslet array in the pickup process may result in significant variation in intensity between the adjacent pixels of the reconstructed image, degrading the quality of the image. The intensity differences result from the different number of the superimposed elemental images used for reconstructing the corresponding pixels. In this paper, we propose improvements of the reconstructed image quality in two ways using 1) normalized computational 3D volumetric reconstruction II, and 2) hybrid moving lenslet array technique (MALT). To reduce the intensity irregularities between the pixels, we normalize the intensities of the reconstructed image pixels by the overlapping numbers of the inversely mapped elemental images. To capture the elemental image sets for the MALT process, a stationary 3D object pickup process is performed repeatedly at various locations of the pickup lenslet array's focal plane, which is perpendicular to the optical axis. With MALT, we are able to enhance the quality of the reconstructed images by increasing the sampling rate. We present experimental results of volume pixel reconstruction to test and verify the performance of the proposed reconstruction algorithm. We have shown that substantial improvement in the visual quality of the 3D reconstruction is obtained using the proposed technique.
Analysis of Surface Deformation Due to Thermal Load on Circular Quasi-Isotropic Laminate Mirrors (2008)

One of the technology needs for large precision reflectors, for future astrophysical and optical communications satellites, is a material which can provide dimensionally stable lightweight characteristics in mechanical properties. Composite materials are being considered as next generation materials for space-borne application due to excellent mechanical properties such as high stiffness and strength to weight and low coefficient of thermal expansion. One of the critical problems in fabricating circular quasi-isotropic laminate mirrors is unacceptable surface finish (>λ/20) due to fiber print-through. To overcome such fiber print-through, additional surface coatings are commonly applied. In this paper, finite element analyses on circular quasi-isotropic laminated mirrors are performed to investigate thermally induced surface deformations. Numerical results show that surface deformations in ideal quasi-isotropic laminates exceed acceptable diffraction limit requirements in the presence of a thermal load, and additional resin rich layers applied on composite mirrors for fiber print-through mitigation create more critical surface deformations when thermal load is present.
Proposal for a new UVA protection factor: use of an in vitro model of immediate pigment darkening. (2003)

In order to define a new method for measuring UVA photoprotection, we built an in vitro immediate pigment darkening model (IPD). IPD is a photochemical reversible reaction induced by UVA on the skin. Our model consists of aqueous solutions of melanocytic compounds (dihydroxyphenylalanine/pheomelanins). Irradiation of these solutions with UVA induces an increase in their absorbance. Oxygen deprivation inhibits the solution darkening and light turn-off induces a decrease in the absorbance as observed in vivo. A UVA photoprotection parameter (PUVA) was defined using the ability of a sunscreen to inhibit the model reaction. A calibration of the reaction inhibition is realised using neutral beam attenuators. PUVA is defined as the percentage absorbance of a beam attenuator which would have the same inhibitory effect as the sunscreen tested. A correlation between PUVA and Diffey-Robson parameter is presented. The method developed here could be use as a indicative tool before human experiments.
Second Harmonic Generation, Sum Frequency Generation, and χ<sup>(3)</sup>: Dissecting Environmental Interfaces with a Nonlinear Optical Swiss Army Knife (2008)

This review discusses recent advances in the nonlinear optics of environmental interfaces. We discuss the quantitative aspects of the label-free approaches presented here and demonstrate that nonlinear optics has now assumed the role of a Swiss Army knife that can be used to dissect, with molecular detail, the fundamental and practical aspects of environmental interfaces and heterogeneous geochemical environments. In this work, nonlinear optical methods are applied to complex organic molecules, such as veterinary antibiotics, and to small inorganic anions and cations, such as nitrate and chromate, or cadmium, zinc, and manganese. The environmental implications of the thermodynamic, kinetic, spectroscopic, structural, and electrochemical data are discussed.
Message Scheduling for All-to-All Personalized Communication on Ethernet Switched Clusters (2005)

We develop a message scheduling scheme that can theoretically achieve the maximum throughput for all-to-all personalized communication (AAPC) on any given Ethernet switched cluster. Based on the scheduling scheme, we implement an automatic routine generator that takes the topology information as input and produces a customized MPI/spl I.bar/Alltoall routine, a routine in the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard that realizes AAPC. Experimental results show that the automatically generated routine consistently out-performs other MPLAlltoall algorithms, including those in LAM/MPI and MPICH, on Ethernet switched clusters with different network topologies when the message size is sufficiently large. This demonstrates the superiority of the proposed AAPC algorithm in exploiting network band-widths.
Long term persistence of thyrotropin receptor antibodies in wild-type and transgenic mice in a Graves’ disease model (2012)

Background: Graves'-like disease, reflected by TSHR antibodies and hyperthyroidism in some mouse strains, can be induced by immunization with adenovirus expressing DNA for the human thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) or it's A-subunit. The conventional approach involves two or three adenovirus injections at three-weekly intervals and euthanasia 10 weeks after the first injection. In order to investigate TSHR antibody persistence in mice with differing degrees of self-tolerance to the TSHR A-subunit, we studied the effect of delaying euthanasia until 20 weeks after the initial immunization. Methods: Wild-type mice and transgenic mice expressing low intrathyroidal levels of the human TSHR A-subunit were immunized with A-subunit-adenovirus on two occasions; a second group of mice was immunized on three occasions. Sera obtained 4, 10 and 20 weeks (euthanasia) after the initial immunization were tested for TSH binding inhibition (TBI), antibody binding to TSHR A-subunit protein-coated ELISA plates and thyroid stimulating antibody activity (TSAb; cAMP generation). Serum thyroxine and thyroid histology were studied at euthanasia. Results: The majority of wild-type mice retained high TSHR antibody levels measured by TBI or ELISA at euthanasia but only about 50% were TSAb positive. Low expressor transgenics exhibited self-tolerance, with fewer mice positive by TBI or ELISA and antibody levels were lower than in wild-type littermates. In wild-type mice, antibody persistence was similar after two or three immunizations; for transgenics, only mice immunized three times had detectable TSAb at 20 weeks. Unlike our previous observations of hyperthyroidism in wild-type mice examined 4 or 10 weeks after immunization, all mice were euthyroid at 20 weeks. Conclusions: Our findings for induced TSHR antibodies in mice, similar to data for human thyroid autoantibodies, indicate that the parameters that contribute to the concentration of the antibody and thereby play a critical role in long term persistence of TSHR antibodies are the degree of self-tolerance to the TSHR and chronic stimulation.
Design methods for space-variant optical interconnections to achieve optimum power throughput (1995)

Optoelectronic systems based on space-variant optics give great freedom to the system designer in terms of interconnect topologies. One feature of space-variant systems is that they can achieve a high interconnect density. However, this density is achieved by having large arrays of diffractive elements with very small apertures relative to the propagation distances involved. Thus diffraction losses from the finite apertures can significantly affect power throughput for these types of systems, regardless of the diffractive efficiencies of the optical elements involved. Therefore it is desirable that this loss be minimized. We present several space-variant optical interconnect design methods (for both one-to-one and fan-out interconnects) and compare them in terms of power throughput for diffraction-limited interconnect distances. Both numerical simulations and experimental results are presented.
The sugar chain structures of carcinoembryonic antigens and related normal antigens (1995)

Abstract
Skin susceptibility of atopic individuals (1999)

The relevance of the irritant skin reaction of individuals with an atopic history (atopic dermatitis, rhinoconjunctivitis or atopic asthma) to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a widely used irritant, is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as an indicator of stratum corneum integrity, before and after SLS patch testing, in various groups of atopic individuals with and without atopic dermatitis. 95 volunteers were divided into 4 groups: (1) individuals with active atopic dermatitis; (2) individuals with a history of atopic dermatitis but without active skin lesions; (3) individuals with rhinoconjunctivitis or atopic asthma without any symptoms at the time of testing; (4) healthy individuals serving as controls. The volunteers were patch-tested at the unaffected volar side of the forearm with aqueous SLS 0.5% for 48 h. TEWL was measured before application and after removal of the patch. Individuals with active atopic dermatitis showed a significantly higher TEWL value after SLS and a tendency to a higher basal TEWL as compared to the 3 other groups. There were no significant differences in TEWL between individuals who were classified as atopic but without active dermatitis, individuals with rhinoconjunctivitis or atopic asthma and healthy controls, either at the basal or at the post-SLS measurement. Enhanced skin susceptibility is only present in individuals with active dermatitis. The skin susceptibility of atopic individuals might therefore be increased as soon as the skin becomes eczematous, suggesting a reduced epidermal integrity probably caused by the endogenous atopy and/or respiratory allergens. When interpreting the atopy score in relation to skin susceptibility, the actual condition of the skin should hence be taken into consideration.
Dry Powder Processing of Fibrous Fumed Silica Compacts for Thermal Insulation (2005)

This study proposes a new dry powder processing method to produce fiber reinforced fumed silica compacts for highly efficient thermal insulation. First, mechanical forces such as shear stress and compression were applied into a fumed silica powder (BET SSA 300 m 2 /g) and glass fibers (3 mm length, 11 μm diameter) using an attrition type milling apparatus without any media balls. In the resultant powder mixture, fumed silica porously coated glass fiber composites were successfully prepared. SiC particles were also integrated as opacifiers. Then, the fibrous fumed silica porous compact was formed by dry pressing of the powder mixture and exhibited fracture strength of 1.58 MPa at room temperature and thermal conductivity of 0.0282 W/mK at 400°C, when its porosity was 80.1%.
Improvement of the Rectal Bioavailability of Latamoxef Sodium by Adjuvants Following Administration of a Suppository. (1994)

The absorption of an antibiotic, latamoxef sodium (LMOX), following the rectal administration of a suppository containing adjuvants was investigated. A lipophilic base (Witepsol H15) was used. The rectal absorption of LMOX following the administration of a suppository without adjuvants was very low. Diclofenac sodium (DF) was used as an absorption promoter; it enhances rectal membrane permeability. The blood level of LMOX following the addition of DF(10 mg) to the base was increased only about 1.3-fold compared with that achieved with LMOX alone (difference not significant); even with a higher dose of DF, the absorption of LMOX was not sufficient. The release rate of LMOX from the base was slow. When Tween 80, a non-ionic surfactant, was added to improve the release rate of LMOX, the rate was sufficiently increased. The rectal absorption of LMOX on the addition of both Tween 80 and DF was markedly increased compared to that achieved with LMOX alone or with DF. These results indicate that the rectal absorption of LMOX after administration by a suppository was sufficiently improved by enhancing both the release rate from the base and the membrane permeability of the rectum. Lymphatic uptake and blood levels of LMOX were also investigated after the rectal administration of the LMOX preparation containing both Tween 80 and DF; the lymphatic uptake of LMOX was significantly enhanced compared with the LMOX preparation in which only DF was used as an adjuvant. The mechanism whereby adjuvants lead to the absorption of a non-absorbable drug, and the subsequent drug transportation routes through the membrane are discussed.
trans,trans-2,4-Hexadiene incorporation on enzymes for site-specific immobilization and fluorescent labeling (2011)

Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL-B) has been site-directedly modified by the introduction of a trans,trans-hexadiene moiety onto lipase molecules, identified by MALDI-TOF. This modification on CAL-B permitted its immobilization on Q-Sepharose supports in excellent yields (>95%) when native lipase was not immobilized at pH 7 and 25 °C. After the entire modification procedure, the catalytic activity of the protein on the solid support was surprisingly increased 2-fold. A tailor-made maleimide-fluorophore derivative was specifically covalently linked to the protein in high yield via a selective Diels-Alder reaction in aqueous media. Furthermore, the NBD-labeled-CAL-B was also immobilized on the ionic support, retaining around 80% of the specific activity. The preparation of this labeled-CAL-B was also possible by a Diels-Alder reaction on solid phase in excellent yields.
Modification and Validation of Linear Amplitude Sweep Test for Binder Fatigue Specification (2011)

Current asphalt binder specifications lack the ability to characterize asphalt binder damage resistance to fatigue loading. Multiple accelerated testing procedures that attempt to efficiently and accurately characterize the contribution of asphalt binders to mixture fatigue are under investigation. One of these tests, which has received significant acceptance by experts and has been submitted as a draft AASHTO standard, is the linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test. This procedure uses viscoelastic continuum damage mechanics to predict binder fatigue life as a function of strain in the pavement. The LAS test uses cyclic loading with systematically increasing load amplitudes to accelerate damage and provides sufficient data for analysis in less than 30 min. Although results of the current LAS testing protocol are promising, the time and the complex numerical procedures required for the analysis have raised concern. In addition, insufficient damage accumulation was observed when the strain amplitudes proposed in the LAS test were used for a set of polymer-modified binders. This paper presents simplifications of the current analysis procedures and evaluates the ability of extended strain levels to cause sufficient damage for better calculation of the binder fatigue law parameters. The effectiveness of the modified procedure was validated by comparison of the results with the fatigue performance recorded by the Long-Term Pavement Performance program with consideration of the pavement structure. The fair correlations showed the potential for effective use of the modified method for binder specifications.
Control in Multi-Motor Electric Vehicle with a FPGA platform (2009)

A new FPGA based platform is presented for controlling a Multi-Motor Electric Vehicle (EV). By exploring the FPGA parallel processing capabilities, two induction motor controllers, based on Field Orientation Control and Space Vector Modulation techniques, were merged in a single and compact chip. Implementation issues related with the limited number of dedicated multipliers were overcome using an efficient computational block, based on resource sharing strategy. The developed IP Cores were carefully optimized to fit in a low cost XC3S1000. Experimental results, obtained with a multi-motor EV prototype, demonstrate the proper operation of the proposed propulsion system.
Structural superplasticity of a fine‐grained and rapidly solidified ultra‐high carbon‐alloy tool steel X 245 VCr 10 5 (1991)

The fine‐grained ultra‐high carbon‐alloy tool steel X 245 VCr 10 5, containing large volume fractions of special vanadium and chromium carbides within a ferritic solid solution matrix has been produced by rapid solidification – meltatomization – and powder metallurgical techniques. This steel exhibits structural superplasticity in the temperature regime from 900 to 1150°C at initial strain rates of about ∊̇ = 10 −3 s −1 . High strain‐rate sensitivity parameters of m > 0.4 and uniform tensile elongations up to 950% were recorded. The dominant deformation mechanism in the superplastic region is grain‐boundary sliding accommodated by lattice diffusion. The failure of superplastically strained samples is caused by interlinkages of cavities at matrix/carbide interfaces.
Deep Transfer Learning for Person Re-identification (2016)

Person re-identification (Re-ID) poses a unique challenge to deep learning: how to learn a deep model with millions of parameters on a small training set of few or no labels. In this paper, a number of deep transfer learning models are proposed to address the data sparsity problem. First, a deep network architecture is designed which differs from existing deep Re-ID models in that (a) it is more suitable for transferring representations learned from large image classification datasets, and (b) classification loss and verification loss are combined, each of which adopts a different dropout strategy. Second, a two-stepped fine-tuning strategy is developed to transfer knowledge from auxiliary datasets. Third, given an unlabelled Re-ID dataset, a novel unsupervised deep transfer learning model is developed based on co-training. The proposed models outperform the state-of-the-art deep Re-ID models by large margins: we achieve Rank-1 accuracy of 85.4\%, 83.7\% and 56.3\% on CUHK03, Market1501, and VIPeR respectively, whilst on VIPeR, our unsupervised model (45.1\%) beats most supervised models.