gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface expression of tumor-associated antigens in primary cultured human colonic epithelial cells from carcinomas, benign tumors, and normal tissues. (1985)

A new method for the analysis of the binding of monoclonal antibodies to cell surface tumor-associated antigens utilizes 1- to 2-day primary cultures of human colonic carcinomas, adenomas, and normal epithelial tissue. The antibodies are added to the live cells which form monolayer epithelial patches of several hundred cells on the surface of the Petri dish by migration in a continuous sheet from a small explant. These epithelial patches are then fixed with methanol and processed in situ using the indirect immunoperoxidase assay. Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) prepared against membrane-enriched fractions of human metastatic breast cancer were assayed. MAb B1.1 bound to each of 11 benign and each of 18 malignant colonic tumors tested. MAb B6.2 displayed similar reactivity, binding to each of 7 adenomas and each of 15 carcinomas assayed. Both MAbs also bound to normal colonic epithelial cells in both the live cell studies presented here and in earlier studies (D. Stramignoni et al., Int. J. Cancer, 31: 543-552, 1983). MAb B72.3 bound only to tumor cells and not to normal epithelial cells in the live cell assay. This epitope was rapidly lost in culture. B72.3 reactivity on each of two carcinomas was decreased 9- to 36-fold when primary culture continued for 5-6 days. B72.3 bound to each of 20 tumors (15 carcinomas, 5 adenomas) when the cells were cultured for 1 or 2 days but on only 2 of 8 tumors when the cells were cultured for 3 to 8 days. The B72.3 epitope was more strongly expressed on the live cells in the explant and on those monolayer cells directly adjacent to the explant than on the cells more towards the edges of the patch colony. This implied that the cell flattening which occurred when cells migrated from the explant may have played some role in antigen loss. A very similar fraction of primary cultured carcinoma and adenoma cells bound each MAb, indicating that these MAbs in live cell assay do not distinguish between benign, noninvasive colonic tumors and invasive carcinomas. The live cell assay was compared to the standard assay utilizing sectioned, fixed tumors. In parallel assays of eight tumors the fraction of cells reactive in the indirect immunoperoxidase assay was consistently higher on live cells for each of these MAbs than on fixed tissue. Due to this greater sensitivity the live cell assay was able to detect reactive cells in two cases which were scored as negative (less than 1% positive cells) in the fixed tissue assay.
First jump of microgel; actuation speed enhancement by elastic instability (2010)

Swelling-induced snap-buckling in a 3D micro hydrogel device, inspired by the insect-trapping action of Venus flytrap, makes it possible to generate astonishingly fast actuation. We demonstrate that elastic energy is effectively stored and quickly released from the device by incorporating elastic instability. Utilizing its rapid actuation speed, the device can even jump by itself upon wetting.
Femtosecond Activation of Reactions and the Concept of Nonergodic Molecules (1998)

The description of chemical reaction dynamics often assumes that vibrational modes are well coupled (ergodic) and redistribute energy rapidly with respect to the course of the reaction. To experimentally probe nonergodic, nonstatistical behavior, studies of a series of reactions induced by femtosecond activation for molecules of varying size but having the same reaction coordinates [CH2 - (CH2)n-2 - C = Odagger --> products, with n = 4, 5, 6, and 10] were performed. Comparison of the experimental results with theoretical electronic structure and rate calculations showed a two to four orders of magnitude difference, indicating that the basic assumption of statistical energy redistribution is invalid. These results suggest that chemical selectivity can be achieved with femtosecond activation even at very high energies.
Effect of Moisture on Curing Rate of GR-S (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Moisture on Curing Rate of GR-SH. A. Braendle and W. B. WiegandCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1944, 36, 8, 724–727Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50416a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50416a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Salvinorin C, a New Neoclerodane Diterpene from a Bioactive Fraction of the Hallucinogenic Mexican Mint <i>Salvia </i><i>d</i><i>ivinorum</i> (2001)

Salvinorin C (1), a minor component from a biologically active TLC fraction, was isolated from the leaves of the Mexican mint Salvia divinorum. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive proton and C-13 NMR experiments, as well as by comparison of the NMR data with those of the mono- and diacetate derivatives 5-7 of the major NaBH(4)-reduction product of salvinorin A (2). [structure: see text]
Abstract 2733: LJM716: an anti-HER3 antibody that inhibits both HER2 and NRG driven tumor growth by trapping HER3 in the inactive conformation. (2012)

Abstract HER3 (ErbB3) is a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Inappropriate HER2/ HER3 dimerization as a result of HER2 or neuregulin (NRG) over-expression in cancer results in HER3 mediated activation of PI3K signaling. Consequently, HER3 is a mediator of oncogenic transformation. Although, ligand blocking HER3 antibodies inhibit growth of neuregulin driven xenograft models they are ineffective in models of HER2 amplified cancer as HER2 mediated activation of HER3 occurs in a ligand- independent manner. LJM716 is a high affinity HER3- targeted antibody selected from a Human Combinatorial Antibody Library (HuCAL) specifically for its ability to neutralize multiple modes of HER3 activation. LJM716 is a potent inhibitor of HER3/ AKT phosphorylation and proliferation in a range of HER2 amplified and NRG expressing cell lines in vitro. LJM716 induced tumor regression in Fadu (NRG expressing, HNSCC) tumor xenografts and significant tumor growth inhibition (&gt;80%) in a variety of xenograft models including BT474 (HER2 amplified breast). Furthermore, the combination of LJM716 with trastuzumab, cetuximab or PI3K- targeted agents was synergistic in a panel of in vitro cell lines while the in vivo combination of LJM716 with trastuzumab or erlotinib was efficacious in BT474 and L3.3 (pancreatic) tumor xenografts respectively. To further understand the mechanism by which LJM716 inhibits multiple modes of HER3 activation we solved the crystal structure of LJM716 bound to the HER3 extra-cellular domain. This data revealed that LJM716 binds to a novel conformational epitope contained within domains 2 and 4 and appears to trap HER3 in the inactive conformation. Interestingly, LJM716 does not block NRG binding to HER3 nor does it affect the binding affinity of the HER3/ NRG interaction. LJM716 therefore possesses a novel mechanism of action; it prevents the structural rearrangements required for HER3 activation induced by either HER2 or NRG. Thus LJM716 is the first HER3 antibody to display efficacy in both HER2 and ligand driven xenograft models. Based on preclinical data, combining LJM716 with either trastuzumab, cetuximab or PI3K- targeted agents may lead to greater and more sustained clinical efficacy in ErbB driven cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2733. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2733
Biological Activities of 2,3,5,4′‐Tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐<i>β</i>‐D‐Glucoside in Antiaging and Antiaging‐Related Disease Treatments (2016)

2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG) is active component of the Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (THSG). Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that THSG exhibits numerous biological functions in treating atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, vascular and cardiac remodeling, vascular fibrosis, cardiac-cerebral ischemia, learning and memory disorders, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, diabetic complications, hair growth problems, and numerous other conditions. This review focuses on the biological effects of THSG in antiaging and antiaging-related disease treatments and discusses its molecular mechanisms.
A performance evaluation of emerging Ethernet technologies: switched/high-speed/full-duplex Ethernet and Ethernet LAN emulation over ATM (2002)

The advent of switched LAN and ATM technology is dramatically altering today's networking environment. Given the preponderance of existing Ethernet networks today, high-speed, switched and/or full-duplex Ethernet and Ethernet LAN emulation over ATM are extremely important, as is bridging between Ethernet and ATM. We evaluate the performance of these newly emerging technologies, using measurements from actual Ethernet and ATM products. The specific technologies evaluated include: 10 and 100 Mbps Ethernet, switched or unswitched, half-duplex or full-duplex; Ethernet LAN emulation over ATM (with comparisons to token ring LAN emulation); bridging between Ethernet and ATM, comparing a native Ethernet server vs. an ATM server. A mathematical model is presented to explain observed performance.
Stabilizing the output of a Pockels cell <italic>Q</italic>-switched Nd:YAG laser (1999)

The behavior of an electrooptic Q-switch in a high-average- power laser is presented. Absorption of laser radiation produces heating of the electrooptic crystal which degrades laser performance. A large increase in output energy stability is achieved by employing a switching voltage pulse of the special temporal shape to the Pockels cell. The optimum pulse waveform has been calculated to reduce the Q-switching intracavity loss to zero at the instant a laser pulse occurs. We have compared the laser performance with the conventional rectangular pulse shape and the calculated one. The experiments have demonstrated that at the novel shape of pulse the permissible temperature range of the laser performance without adjustment of switching voltage was extended by a factor of 2-2.5.
Fundamentals of carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery (CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR): a supporting document of the assessment methodology for hydrocarbon recovery using CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR associated with carbon sequestration (2015)

The objective of this report is to provide basic technical information regarding the CO2-EOR process, which is at the core of the assessment methodology, to estimate the technically recoverable oil within the fields of the identified sedimentary basins of the United States. Emphasis is on CO2-EOR because this is currently one technology being considered as an ultimate long-term geologic storage solution for CO2 owing to its economic profitability from incremental oil production offsetting the cost of carbon sequestration.
A general unified approach to modelling switching-converter power stages (1977)

A method for modelling switching-converter power stages is developed, whose starting-point is the unified state-space representation of the switched notworks and whose end result is either a complete state-space description or its equivalent small-signal low-frequency linear circuit model. A new canonical circuit model is proposed, whose fixed topology contains all the essential input-output and control properties of any d.c.-to-d.c. switching converter, regardless of its detailed configuration, and by which different converters can be characterized in the form of a table conveniently stored in a computer data bank to provide a useful tool for computer-aided design and optimization. The new canonical circuit model predicts that, in general, switching action introduces both zeros and poles into the duty ratio to output transfer function in addition to those from the effective filter network.
Structure of peptide from active site region of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase. (1977)

The L-asparagine analogue 5-diazo-4-oxo-L-[5-14C]norvaline binds irreversibly to the active site of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase. Conditions for optimal labeling in buffers containing 50% dimethylsulfoxide have been developed and kinetic parameters of the inactivation have been determined. After reduction, alkylation and subsequent degradation of the modified enzyme with alpha-chymotrypsin, the principal radioactive decapeptide of sequence Val-Gly-Ala-Met-Arg-Pro-Ser-Thr-Ser-Met was isolated. A second radioactive hexapeptide Arg-Pro-Ser-Thr-Ser-Met resulting from chymotryptic digestion of the decapeptide was also isolated. Evidence is presented for the attachment of the 5-diazo-4-oxo-L-norvaline residue to serine-9 in the decapeptide via an acid-labile linkage.
Serendipitous synthetic entrée to tetradehydro analogues of cobalamins (2013)

Tetradehydrocorrin macrocycles occupy a saturation level halfway between that of octadehydrocorrins and corrins (e.g., cyanocobalamin). While octadehydrocorrin chemistry is relatively well understood, few studies have been done on more reduced macrocycles owing to synthetic limitations. The reaction of a 2,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyldipyrrin (Western half) bearing a 7-(4-iodophenyl) group and a 1-(dimethoxymethyl)-9-bromo-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyldipyrrin (Eastern half) bearing a 7-p-tolyl group in the presence of Ga(OTf)3 afforded the corresponding B,D-tetradehydrocorrin (1) in 24% yield. Use of a Western half bearing a 7-(4-ethylphenyl) group afforded the B,D-tetradehydrocorrin (2) in 29% yield. Each tetradehydrocorrin bears a 1-methyl group at the A–D ring junction (and hence is enantiomeric), a geminal dimethyl group in each pyrroline ring, and distinct substituents at the 7- and 17-positions; characterization included 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography (2 only). Treatment of 1 or 2 with CoCl2 afforded the cobalt chelate as a mixture of stereoisomers containing an apical methoxide or hydroxide ligand. The cobalt-tetradehydrocorrin was characterized by absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and electrochemistry. The cobalt chelate was smoothly titrated with THF, pyridine, and KCN or Bu4NCN. While the assignment of the oxidation state of the cobalt remains provisional, the use of natural abundance versus isotopically substituted solvents or titrants (CD3OD, K13CN) enabled clear identification of the apical ligands. The facile access to stable, synthetically tailored B,D-tetradehydrocorrins should open the door to fundamental studies of simple surrogates of cyanocobalamin.
Synergy-based learning of hybrid position/force control for redundant manipulators (2002)

Describes an intelligent control architecture designed to endow human-like capabilities to robots and report experimental results that demonstrate the utility of this architecture in controlling a redundant dynamic manipulator in a hybrid position/force control task. Motor synergies that arise when control of a subset of the available degrees of freedom is coupled and coordinated to accomplish specific task sub-goals are used to simplify the problem, of controlling redundant systems by reducing the dimensionality of the control space. Using synergies as a basis control set gives the controller the general ability to execute novel tasks in unstructured environments. In addition, the rapid learning capabilities of the controller permit refinement of control through the acquisition of skilled control with practice.
Relaxation of sheep cerebral arteries by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and neurogenic stimulation: inhibition by<scp>l</scp>‐N<sup>G</sup>‐monomethyl arginine in endothelium‐denuded vessels (1991)

1. Perivascular nerves of the sheep middle cerebral artery show immunoreactivity for both vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). 2. Rings of endothelium-denuded sheep middle cerebral artery precontracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine were relaxed by CGRP (maximum relaxation = 87.8 +/- 8.1%, pD2 = 7.81 +/- 0.12, n = 12) and by VIP (maximum relaxation = 55.1 +/- 4.1%, pD2 = 7.65 +/- 0.04, n = 18). Rings of endothelium-denuded cat middle cerebral artery precontracted with U46619 were also relaxed by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (maximum relaxation = 53.1 +/- 6.1%, pD2 = 7.82 +/- 0.11, n = 6). 3. Haemolysate (1 microliters ml-1) inhibited VIP-induced relaxation in endothelium-denuded sheep and cat middle cerebral artery (n = 6) but had no effect on the CGRP-induced relaxation of the sheep middle cerebral artery (n = 6). 4. The relaxant response to VIP in endothelium-denuded sheep middle cerebral artery was inhibited by methylene blue (10 microM) and augmented by either M&B 22948 (10 microM) or superoxide dismutase (150 units ml-1). Indomethacin (1 microM) had no effect. 5. The addition of L-NG-monomethyl arginine (100 microM) inhibited both neurogenic and VIP-induced relaxation of endothelium-denuded sheep MCA by 56 +/- 6% and 60 +/- 6% (n = 5) respectively. The CGRP-induced relaxation was unaffected. 6. It is concluded that neurally mediated vasodilatation in the sheep middle cerebral artery is mediated largely by VIP through a direct action on smooth muscle through a cyclic-GMP-mediated mechanism that appears to involve synthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine. Vasodilatation by CGRP, which is also contained in perivascular nerves, does not utilize this pathway.
Melatonin: Clinical Perspectives in Neurodegeneration (2019)

Prevention of neurodegenerative diseases is presently a major goal for our Society and melatonin, an unusual phylogenetically conserved molecule present in all aerobic organisms, merits consideration in this respect. Melatonin combines both chronobiotic and cytoprotective properties. As a chronobiotic, melatonin can modify phase and amplitude of biological rhythms. As a cytoprotective molecule, melatonin reverses the low degree inflammatory damage seen in neurodegenerative disorders and aging. Low levels of melatonin in blood characterizes advancing age. In experimental models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) the neurodegeneration observed is prevented by melatonin. Melatonin also increased removal of toxic proteins by the brain glymphatic system. A limited number of clinical trials endorse melatonin's potentiality in AD and PD, particularly at an early stage of disease. Calculations derived from animal studies indicate cytoprotective melatonin doses in the 40-100 mg/day range. Hence, controlled studies employing melatonin doses in this range are urgently needed. The off-label use of melatonin is discussed.
Mutual recognition between polymerized liposomes. III. Association processes between avidin and biotin on polymerized liposome surfaces (1991)

Association processes between avidin and biotin in various liposome systems were studied. By incorporating biotin onto the polymerized liposome surface, association processes with free avidin were largely decelerated. When the number of binding sites on the liposome surface was taken into account, the corrected association rate constant was 4.3% of the theoretical value for binary collision. The association rate constant between avidin- and biotin-carrying polymerized liposomes was much smaller than those for both the free avidin-free biotin system and the free avidin/biotin-liposome system, probably due to the repulsive hydration phenomenon. The results are discussed both in terms of our understanding of cell-cell recognition phenomena and for the development of drug delivery systems.
Equations in one space variable (1990)

In Chapt~r 1 we discussed methods for solving IVPs, whereas in Chapters 2 and 3 boundary-value problems were treated. This chapter combines the techniques from these chapters to solve parabolic partial differential equations in one space
E -commerce for the metal removal industry (2001)

The popularity of outsourcing fabrication introduces a problem, namely an inevitable loss of data as information is translated from design to fabrication or from one system to another. Unsatisfactory information, delivered to the outsourcing facility, and inefficient communications between design and fabrication certainly cause enormous economic losses from late product delivery or bad product quality. To overcome these data transferring problems and to improve communications between the design and fabrication sides, a design and manufacturing methodology for custom machined parts in E-Commerce is suggested and implemented in this dissertation. This methodology is based on the idea of a "Clean Interface" like the Mead-Conway approach for VLSI chip fabrication [MEAD81]. Essential design information for fabricating parts properly with NC (Numerical Controlled) milling machines is expressed in machining/manufacturing features, fabrication friendly terminologies, and is represented by a new language called NCML (Numerical Control Markup Language). NCML is based on XML (Extensible Markup Language)---the document-processing standard proposed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). NCML is designed to include the minimum requisite information necessary for the manufacturer to produce the product. The designer defines NCML, which overcomes geographical separation between design and manufacturing, and minimizes unnecessary interactions caused from lack of information. To prove the possibility of custom machine part fabrication and E-Commerce with NCML, three software systems are implemented. These three systems are FACILE/Design, FACILE/Fabricate, and E-Mill. FACILE is a prototype CAD/CAM system developed to verify NCML feasibility as an Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) format. FACILE/Design is a system based on manufacturing features like holes, contours, and pockets. It can be used to create geometric models, verify the design, and create NCML files. The NCML file is imported by FACILE/Fabricate and turned into G-codes by applying appropriate cutting conditions. Simplified machining simulation and cost estimation tools using NCML inputs are also developed to show some examples of NCML applications that can help design and manufacturing activities. To demonstrate how NCML could be used in a web-based application, an E-Business model called E-Mill has been implemented. E-Mill is a market place for machined parts whose data is encoded in NCML. To make E-Mill a feasible E-Commerce model, two-way communication based on NCML data and the visualization of 3D geometric models in the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) are equipped with a competitive matchmaking mechanism. In this dissertation, a whole system based on NCML bridges the gap between design and manufacturing. As a part of the NCML validation process for the new system, the pros and cons of NCML design features are discussed. A system for cost estimation is calibrated and compared to real cutting results for the purpose of validation.