gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Packet aggregation in multi-rate wireless LANs (2012)

In CSMA networks, there is significant overhead associated with packet transmission, including header and contention overhead. For applications where packets are small, such as Voice over IP (VoIP), these overheads mean that a majority of the transmission time is wasted. Packet aggregation is a technique to amortize the per-transmission overhead over multiple aggregated packets. However, existing heuristics are limited, often not considering multi-rate wireless MAC, or operation in a Wireless LAN (WLAN) environment. In this paper we formulate the problem of optimal aggregation for a multi-rate CSMA MAC protocol and show that it is NP-hard. We then propose two heuristics that solve the aggregation problem for multi-rate WLANs. The first, which we call Data Rate based Aggregation protocol (DRA), divides packets in the MAC queue into groups based on their data rate. DRA then aggregates packets in the same group and broadcasts the aggregated frame at the data rate of that group. DRA substantially increases throughput compared to state of the art aggregation protocols; in certain cases achieving up to a 200% increase in the number of VoIP calls supported by a single 802.11g AP. The second heuristic, which we call Data Rate based Aggregation with Selective Demotion (DRA-SD), enables cross data rate aggregation. Through preliminary evaluation, we show that selectively demoting packets can further improve performance.
Economic burden of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (2011)

Key limitations of this study include the absence of clinical parameters to characterize PA infections and data on indirect costs such as loss of productivity or caretaker-related burden.
Isolation, Structure Characterization, and Immunomodulating Activity of a Hyperbranched Polysaccharide from the Fruiting Bodies of Ganoderma sinense (2012)

A polysaccharide (GSP-6B) with a molecular mass of 1.86 × 10⁶ Da was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense . Chemical composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were conducted to elucidate its structure. GSP-6B contains a backbone of (1→6)-linked-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, bearing branches at the O-3 position of every two sugar residues along the backbone. The side chains contain (1→4)-linked-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, (1→3)-linked-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, and nonreducing end β-D-glucopyranosyl residues. An in vitro immunomodulating activity assay revealed that GSP-6B could significantly induce the release of IL-1β and TNF-α in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and showed no toxicity to either PBMC or a human macrophage cell line THP-1. GSP-6B could also activate dendritic cells (DC) by stimulating the secretion of IL-12 and IL-10 from DC.
Design of highly efficient metallo-dielectric patch antennas for single-photon emission (2014)

Quantum emitters such as NV-centers or quantum dots can be used as single-photon sources. To improve their performance, they can be coupled to microcavities or nano-antennas. Plasmonic antennas offer an appealing solution as they can be used with broadband emitters. When properly designed, these antennas funnel light into useful modes, increasing the emission rate and the collection of single-photons. Yet, their inherent metallic losses are responsible for very low radiative efficiencies. Here, we introduce a new design of directional, metallo-dielectric, optical antennas with a Purcell factor of 150, a total efficiency of 74% and a collection efficiency of emitted photons of 99%.
Preparation of Oriented Ultrathin Films via Self-Assembly Based on Charge Transfer Interaction between π-Conjugated Poly(dithiafulvene) and Acceptor Polymer (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPreparation of Oriented Ultrathin Films via Self-Assembly Based on Charge Transfer Interaction between π-Conjugated Poly(dithiafulvene) and Acceptor PolymerXiaqin Wang, Kensuke Naka, Hideaki Itoh, Takashi Uemura, and Yoshiki ChujoView Author Information Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University,Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2003, 36, 3, 533–535Publication Date (Web):January 17, 2003Publication History Received19 August 2002Revised19 November 2002Published online17 January 2003Published inissue 1 February 2003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0256284Copyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (67 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Layer by layer deposition,Layers,Polymers,Thin films,Vesicles Get e-Alerts
Design and Potential of Non-Integrating Lentiviral Vectors (2014)

Lentiviral vectors have demonstrated promising results in clinical trials that target cells of the hematopoietic system. For these applications, they are the vectors of choice since they provide stable integration into cells that will undergo extensive expansion <i>in vivo</i>. Unfortunately, integration can have unintended consequences including dysregulated cell growth. Therefore, lentiviral vectors that do not integrate are predicted to have a safer profile compared to integrating vectors and should be considered for applications where transient expression is required or for sustained episomal expression such as in quiescent cells. In this review, the system for generating lentiviral vectors will be described and used to illustrate how alterations in the viral integrase or vector Long Terminal Repeats have been used to generate vectors that lack the ability to integrate. In addition to their safety advantages, these non-integrating lentiviral vectors can be used when persistent expression would have adverse consequences. Vectors are currently in development for use in vaccinations, cancer therapy, site-directed gene insertions, gene disruption strategies, and cell reprogramming. Preclinical work will be described that illustrates the potential of this unique vector system in human gene therapy.
Effects of Muscle Dysfunction on Lumbar Spine Mechanics (1996)

Muscle dysfunction disturbs the normal functioning of other spinal components and may cause spinal disorders.
Binding of Long-lasting Local Anesthetics to Lipid Emulsions (2009)

The solubility of long-acting local anesthetics in lipid emulsions and the high capacity of binding of these emulsions most probably explain their clinical efficacy in case of toxicity. The long-chain triglyceride emulsion Intralipid appears to be about 2.5 times more efficacious than the 50/50 medium-chain/long-chain Medialipide emulsion. Also, because of their higher hydrophobicity, racemic bupivacaine and levobupivacaine seem to clear more rapidly than ropivacaine.
Population genetic variation in gene expression is associated with phenotypic variation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2004)

This study compared levels of gene expression among nine natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in the presence or absence of copper sulfate. Insights were gained into the molecular basis of naturally occurring traits.
10 Gbit/s, 100 km optical fibre transmission experiment using high-speed MQW DFB-LD and back-illuminated GaInAs APD (1989)

The feasibility of 10 Gbit/s transmission has been confirmed through zero power-penalty transmission over a 100 km dispersion-shifted optical fibre, employing a high-speed, small chirping MQW DFB-LD and a high quantum efficiency back-illuminated GaInAs APD.
Interactive 3-D Image Display And Analysis (1988)

A comprehensive software package, called ANALYZE, has been developed (1) which permits detailed investigation and evaluation of 3-D and 4-D biomedical images. The software is written entirely in "C" and runs on standard UNIX workstations. The software architecture permits systematic enhancements and upgrades which has fostered development of a readily expandible package. ANALYZE can be used with 3-D imaging modalities based on x-ray computed tomography, radionuclide emission tomography, ultrasound tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The ANALYZE package features integrated, complimentary tools for fully interactive display, manipulation and measurement of multi-dimensional image data. It provides an effective shell for custom software prototyping and turnkey applications. This paper provides a general description of this software with illustrations of its use, and provides specific details on the interactive volume rendering display module used for 3-D display.
Determination of the Carbon-Bound Electron Composition of Microbial Cells and Metabolites by Dichromate Oxidation (1979)

The applicability of the silver sulfate-acid dichromate oxidation (chemical oxygen demand) method for determining the carbon-bound electron compositions of microbial cells, substrates, and metabolic by-products was evaluated. An approach for approximating the carbon-bound electron composition of microbial cells from CHN data is also presented. Ten aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids, 17 amino acids, and 8 sugars generally gave 96 to 101% (mainly >/=98%) recovery with 0.0625 N dichromate (digestion mixture of 10 ml of sample-10 ml of 0.25 N dichromate-20 ml of Ag(2)SO(4)-amended concentrated H(2)SO(4)). Recoveries of nicotinic acid (5%) and methionine (65%) were incomplete; arginine (125%) and two purine and three pyrimidine bases (105 to 120%) were overestimated. The validity of 0.0625 N dichromate for determining the carbon-bound electron composition of bacterial cells was supported by theoretical analysis of the carbon-bound electron composition of hypothetical bacterial cell material (defined monomer composition) and by the compatibility of elemental and dichromate oxidation-derived carbon-bound electron compositions of typical bacterial cells.
Mutations of the human P gene associated with type II oculocutaneous albinism (OCA2) (1998)

Mutations in the human P gene lead to oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2, MIM #203200), the most common type of albinism in humans. The P gene encodes a 110 kDa protein that is associated with melanosomal membranes and contains 12 potential membrane spanning domains. The specific function of the P protein is currently unknown. We report 7 new mutations in the P gene associated with OCA2. This includes 6 missense mutations (S86R, C112F, A368V, T592I, A724P and A787V) and one frameshift mutation (1047del7). We also report 8 polymorphisms including one amino acid substitution, D/A257. We and others have found many polymorphisms of the P gene in the coding region, several of which result in amino acid substitutions, making molecular diagnosis problematic. In contrast to this is the tyrosinase gene associated with OCA1, with a limited number of polymorphic variations in the coding region. There is also no apparent clustering of P gene missense mutations in contrast to the clustering observed by the tyrosinase gene missense mutations that define functional domains of the protein. Further mutational analysis is needed to help define the critical functional domains of the P protein and to allow a definitive diagnosis of OCA2. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Corrosion Studies in Natural Gas Condensate Wells (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrosion Studies in Natural Gas Condensate WellsD. A. Shock and Norman HackermanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 10, 1283–1286Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50454a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50454a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
AN ANALYSIS OF HOW THE U.S. MULTINATIONAL COMPANY CONSIDERS THE WIFE OF THE AMERICAN EXPATRIATE MANAGER. (1975)

This paper reports the findings of a study of 300 U.S. multinational companies (MNCs), surveyed to determine the policies; and practices used in treating the wives of executives selected for overseas assignments, i.e., whether a company considers the wife before selection of the executive, whether she is given psychological tests, what transportation assistance is given, and whether she is given predeparture orientation training, etc. The findings are important for two reasons: they reveal many of the problems facing wives of U.S. expatriate managers which may cause them to be unable to adapt to a foreign environment and these findings will be useful in constructing a model program for U.S. MNCs to use in the selection of overseas managers.
Fully bendable polymer light emitting devices with carbon nanotubes as cathode and anode (2009)

Polymer light emitting devices were fabricated by roll lamination using single-walled carbon nanotubes as both anode and cathode. The devices exhibited a low turn-on voltage of 3.8 V, high brightness of 1400 cd/m2 at 10 V and maximum efficiency of 2.2 cd/A at 480 cd/m2. The devices are also highly transparent and exhibited very high flexibility. No failure was observed after bending the devices down to 2.5 mm radius.
Fractionation of Lentil Seeds (<i>Lens culinaris</i> Medik.) for Insecticidal and Flavonol Tetraglycoside Components (2007)

Crude methanol extracts from four cultivated varieties of mature lentil seeds (Lens culinaris Medik.) were found to possess antifeedant and insecticidal properties in laboratory tests with the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.), an insect pest of stored products. Flash chromatography with silica gel on active Diaion HP-20 methanol extracts gave flavonol, lysolecithin, soyasaponin, and peptide fractions, as determined by HPLC and electrospray ionization LC/MS. The flavonol fraction was shown by high-resolution NMR experiments to contain a mixture of kaempferol 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-O-[alpha-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)]-beta-galactopyranoside-7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside and, tentatively, kaempferol 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-O-[alpha-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)]-beta-glucopyranoside-7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside. These inactive tetraglycosides, although inseparable under the reported HPLC conditions, were detected by NMR spectroscopy in nearly equal proportions. Three lysolecithins were identical to those previously identified in pea extracts. Soyasaponin I (soyasaponin Bb) and soyasaponin VI (soyasaponin betag) were found in Diaion HP-20 methanol extracts. An insecticidal lentil peptide with a mass of 3881 Da, isolated from an Eston variety in small quantities by anion exchange chromatography, was related to the cysteine-rich pea albumin 1b class of botanical insecticides. Binary mixtures of the insecticidal lentil peptide and soybean soyasaponin I were synergistic in tests with S. oryzae.
Fuzzy and neural controllers for dynamic systems: an overview (2002)

In this paper various trends in the area of intelligent control have been discussed. A brief account of the available control structures employing fuzzy logic and neural networks have been given. Some of these controller modules and their modified forms have been tested by the authors over a period of time on different systems. Some of them have been discussed and the results have been presented.
Poly(ethylene oxide)‐ and Poly(perfluorohexylethyl methacrylate)‐Containing Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: Association Properties in Aqueous Solution (2003)

Abstract Amphiphilic di‐ and triblock copolymers containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the hydrophilic block and poly(perfluorohexylethyl methacrylate) (PFMA) as the hydrophobic block were synthesized by atom‐transfer radical polymerization using hydroxy‐terminated PEO as the macroinitiator. The copolymers were characterized by size exclusion chromatography and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Self‐association in aqueous solution has been investigated using surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From surface tension measurements in water, a characteristic concentration ( c *) can be detected, which is interpreted as the critical micelle concentration (cmc). The cmc decreases with an increase in fluoro content in the triblock copolymer up to 11 wt.‐% PFMA (solubility limit). DLS studies have been carried out for different samples above the cmc, showing small aggregates (micelles) and single chains for diblock copolymer solutions. In the case of triblock copolymers large clusters were the dominant aggregates in addition to the micelles and single chains. The effect of temperature and concentration on the micelle and cluster formation has been investigated by DLS. Micelle size was found to be resistant to any change by temperature, however, a slight but significant increase in apparent hydrodynamic radius was observed with an increase in concentration, while both temperature and concentration affected the formation of large clusters, especially in concentrated solutions. TEM has been carried out to visualize the morphology of the aggregates after transferring the solution to carbon film. The initial concentration for the preparation of TEM samples was found to have a strong influence on the morphology of the aggregates. By adding colloidal gold particles to the solutions, the typical covering by the polymer was observed by TEM. Decay‐rate distributions for PEO 10 F5 (4.0 g · L −1 ); obtained from the time correlation functions. magnified image Decay‐rate distributions for PEO 10 F5 (4.0 g · L −1 ); obtained from the time correlation functions.
Ca2+/Calmodulin-independent Activation of Calcineurin from Dictyostelium by Unsaturated Long Chain Fatty Acids (1999)

This study describes a novel mode of activation for the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin. Using purified calcineurin from Dictyostelium discoideum we found a reversible, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-independent activation by the long chain unsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid, which was of the same magnitude as activation by Ca(2+)/calmodulin. Half-maximal stimulation of calcineurin occurred at fatty acid concentrations of approximately 10 microM with either p-nitrophenyl phosphate or RII phosphopeptide as substrates. The methyl ester of arachidonic acid and the saturated fatty acids palmitic acid and arachidic acid did not activate calcineurin. The activation was shown to be independent of the regulatory subunit, calcineurin B. Activation by Ca(2+)/calmodulin and fatty acids was not additive. In binding assays with immobilized calmodulin, arachidonic acid inhibited binding of calcineurin to calmodulin. Therefore fatty acids appear to mimic Ca(2+)/calmodulin action by binding to the calmodulin-binding site.
Adaptive evolution in the snake venom Kunitz/BPTI protein family (2003)

Snake venoms are rich sources of serine proteinase inhibitors that are members of the Kunitz/BPTI (bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor) family. However, only a few of their gene sequences have been determined from snakes. We therefore cloned the cDNAs for the trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors from a Vipera ammodytes venom gland cDNA library. Phylogenetic analysis of these and other snake Kunitz/BPTI homologs shows the presence of three clusters, where sequences cluster by functional role. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences from the snake Kunitz/BPTI family shows that positive Darwinian selection was operating on the highly conserved BPTI fold, indicating that this family evolved by gene duplication and rapid diversification.
The Particularities Of The Efficient Management Of Banking Staff (2017)

This article acknowledges the importance of banking staff involvement in improving the quality of services offered to banking customers. The important role in promoting the quality of banking products is attributed to banking staff. And without these qualified cadres, the bank's management can not practically implement any theory or idea formulated and supported by the top leadership of the bank. Of course, the bank's operational staff must be properly motivated and well-motivated in the field of quality. Team culture also plays an important role. Without feeling part of the team, without being familiar with the culture of quality, and without receiving a message from the management, the bank staff will not be trained in the process of quality improvement.
The Structure of the Atypical Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor, KIR2DL4 (2015)

The engagement of natural killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) with their target ligands, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, is a critical component of innate immunity. Structurally, KIRs typically have either two (D1-D2) or three (D0-D1-D2) extracellular immunoglobulin domains, with the D1 and D2 domain recognizing the α1 and α2 helices of HLA, respectively, whereas the D0 domain of the KIR3DLs binds a loop region flanking the α1 helix of the HLA molecule. KIR2DL4 is distinct from other KIRs (except KIR2DL5) in that it does not contain a D1 domain and instead has a D0-D2 arrangement. Functionally, KIR2DL4 is also atypical in that, unlike all other KIRs, KIR2DL4 has both activating and inhibitory signaling domains. Here, we determined the 2.8 Å crystal structure of the extracellular domains of KIR2DL4. Structurally, KIR2DL4 is reminiscent of other KIR2DL receptors, with the D0 and D2 adopting the C2-type immunoglobulin fold arranged with an acute elbow angle. However, KIR2DL4 self-associated via the D0 domain in a concentration-dependent manner and was observed as a tetramer in the crystal lattice by size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and small angle x-ray scattering experiments. The assignment of residues in the D0 domain to forming the KIR2DL4 tetramer precludes an interaction with HLA akin to that observed for KIR3DL1. Accordingly, no interaction was observed to HLA by direct binding studies. Our data suggest that the unique functional properties of KIR2DL4 may be mediated by self-association of the receptor.