gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Callyspongiolide (2016)

Total synthesis of four callyspongiolide stereoisomers led to unambiguous assignment of relative and absolute stereochemistry of the natural product. Key features of the convergent, fully stereocontrolled route include the use of Krische allylation, Kiyooka Aldol reaction, Kociénski-Julia olefination, Still-Gennari olefination, Yamaguchi macrocyclization, and Sonogashira coupling reaction. Biological evaluation of the synthesized compounds against an array of cancer cells revealed that the stereochemistry of the macrolactone core played an important role.
Band alignment at epitaxial BaSnO3/SrTiO3(001) and BaSnO3/LaAlO3(001) heterojunctions (2016)

We have spectroscopically determined the optical bandgaps and band offsets at epitaxial interfaces of BaSnO3 with SrTiO3(001) and LaAlO3(001). 28 u.c. BaSnO3 epitaxial films exhibit direct and indirect bandgaps of 3.56 ± 0.05 eV and 2.93 ± 0.05 eV, respectively. The lack of a significant Burstein-Moss shift corroborates the highly insulating, defect-free nature of the BaSnO3 films. The conduction band minimum is lower in electron energy in 5 u.c. films of BaSnO3 than in SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 by 0.4 ± 0.2 eV and 3.7 ± 0.2 eV, respectively. This result bodes well for the realization of oxide-based, high-mobility, two-dimensional electron systems that can operate at ambient temperature, since electrons generated in the SrTiO3 by modulation doping, or at the BaSnO3/LaAlO3 interface by polarization doping, can be transferred to and at least partially confined in the BaSnO3 film.
Optimized Iterative Clipping and Filtering for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals (2010)

Iterative clipping and filtering (ICF) is a widely used technique to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. However, the ICF technique, when implemented with a fixed rectangular window in the frequency-domain, requires many iterations to approach specified PAPR threshold in the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF). In this paper, we develop an optimized ICF method which determines an optimal frequency response filter for each ICF iteration using convex optimization techniques. The design of optimal filter is to minimize signal distortion such that the OFDM symbol's PAPR is below a specified value. Simulation results show that our proposed method can achieve a sharp drop of CCDF curve and reduce PAPR to an acceptable level after only 1 or 2 iterations, whereas the classical ICF method would require 8 to 16 iterations to achieve a similar PAPR reduction. Moreover, the clipped OFDM symbols obtained by our optimized ICF method have less distortion and lower out-of-band radiation than the existing method.
Reconfigurable micromachined on-chip antenna with radiation pattern diversity (2013)

This paper presents a reconfigurable micromachined antenna for radiation pattern diversity. It consists of two elements, whose relative excitation phases can be adjusted using a number of delay lines and switches. The beam of the proposed antenna can be switched among three different angles: -25°, 0°, and 25°. Optimization has been carried out using HFSS and results are verified using CST. The good agreement between the two packages validates the presented results. The proposed antenna has reasonable working bandwidth, high directivity, and high radiation efficiency. The overall size of this antenna excluding the ground plane is 2.44 mm-by-2.26 mm.
Operational Impact of Improved Space Tracking on Collision Avoidance in the Future LEO Space Debris Environment (2010)

Abstract : Even if global space policy successfully curtails on orbit explosions and ASAT demonstrations, studies indicate that the number of debris objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) will continue to grow solely from debris on debris collisions and debris generated from new launches. This study examines the threat posed by this growing space debris population over the next 30 years and how improvements in our space tracking capabilities can reduce the number of Collision Avoidance (COLA) maneuvers required keep the risk of operational satellite loss within tolerable limits. Particular focus is given to satellites operated by the Department of Defense (DoD) and Intelligence Community (IC) in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The following debris field and space tracking performance parameters were varied parametrically in the experiment to study the impact on the number of collision avoidance maneuvers required - Debris Field Density (by year 2009, 2019, 2029, and 2039) - Quality of Track Update (starting 1 sigma error ellipsoid) - Future Propagator Accuracy (error ellipsoid growth rates - Special Perturbations in 3 axes) - Track Update Rate for Debris (stochastic) - Track Update Rate for Payloads (stochastic) Baseline values matching present day tracking performance for quality of track update, propagator accuracy, and track update rate were derived by analyzing updates to the unclassified Satellite Catalog (SatCat). Track update rates varied significantly for active payloads and debris and as such we used different models for the track update rates for military payloads and debris. The analysis was conducted using the System Effectiveness Analysis Simulation (SEAS) an agent based model developed by the United States Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center to evaluate the military utility of space systems.
Biological Properties of Hydroxytyrosol and Its Derivatives (2012)

Polyphenols are a wide family of compounds found in fruits and vegetables, wine, tea, cocoa, and extra-virgin olive oil, which exhibit strong antioxidant activity by scavenging different families of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). One of the most effective members of the polyphenol family in terms of free radical scavenging is hydroxytyrosol, 2-(3,4dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol (Fernandez-Bolanos et al., 2008), a simple phenol found predominantly in olive tree (Olea europaea).
Cell fusion in tumor development and progression: Occurrence of cell fusion in primary methylcholanthrene‐induced tumorigenesis (1989)

Abstract Definitive evidence for the occurrence of cell fusion in tumorigenesis was sought in methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas. This was approached by using allophenic mice generated from strains differing for electrophoretic variants of the ubiquitous, dimeric enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase, with fusion assessed by heterodimer formation. Eighty‐three carefully trimmed primary tumor samples (from 23 individual tumors in allophenic mice) were analyzed, as were 1,140 clones derived from them. In all primary tumor samples, zymograms exhibited one GPI homopolymeric band. Expression of a hybrid band (indicative of a fusion event) was not observed in these samples. However, 9 (0.8%) of the tumor clones demonstrated a distinct and reproducible hybrid band which was uniformly lost upon recloning. Our data suggest that cell fusion, although uncommon, occurs in the clonogenic cell fraction during primary MCA tumorigenesis and is followed rapidly by chromosome segregation.
A general approach to TMA observability from angle and frequency measurements (1996)

The state-observability problem for passive target tracking by angle and/or frequency measurements is analyzed. The method used is independent of the target model and can be specialized to arbitrary models in a systematic way. As an example, the general Nth-order dynamics target model has been discussed. In this way the previously established necessary and sufficient observability conditions are rederived in a much simpler way and extended to more general cases.
THE EFFECT OF PROPLETS AND BI-BLADES ON THE PERFORMANCE AND NOISE OF PROPELLERS (1981)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A analytical technique for predicting the aerodynamic performance of propellers with tip devices (proplets) using vortex lattice method shows that the ideal efficiency of a fixed diameter propeller can be improved by 1-5%.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">By suitable orientation and sweep of the proplet, the noise analysis method presented predicts that propellers with tip devices will have approximately the same noise as propellers without tip devices. Therefore proplets can be added to a fixed diameter propeller to improve the efficiency with no increase in noise or the noise may be reduced by decreasing the diameter with no loss in aerodynamic efficiency.</div>
Differential effects of the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases, PI4KIIα and PI4KIIIβ, on Akt activation and apoptosis (2010)

In this study, we investigated the role of PI4P synthesis by the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases, PI4KIIα and PI4KIIIβ, in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated phosphoinositide signaling and cell survival. In COS-7 cells, knockdown of either isozyme by RNA interference reduced basal levels of PI4P and PI(4,5)P(2), without affecting receptor activation. Only knockdown of PI4KIIα inhibited EGF-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, indicating that decreased PI(4,5)P(2) synthesis observed by loss of either isoform could not account for this PI4KIIα-specific effect. Phospholipase Cγ activation was also differentially affected by knockdown of either PI4K isozyme. Overexpression of kinase-inactive PI4KIIα, which induces defective endosomal trafficking without reducing PI(4,5)P(2) levels, also reduced Akt activation. Furthermore, PI4KIIα knockdown profoundly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis as evidenced by the cleavage of caspase-3 and its substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. However, in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, apoptosis was observed subsequent to knockdown of either PI4KIIα or PI4KIIIβ and this correlated with enhanced proapoptotic Akt phosphorylation. The differential effects of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase knockdown in the two cell lines lead to the conclusion that phosphoinositide turnover is inhibited through PI4P substrate depletion, whereas impaired antiapoptotic Akt signaling is an indirect consequence of dysfunctional endosomal trafficking.
A robust implementation of the spatial pooler within the theory of Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) (2013)

In this study learning reinforcement and noise rejection of a spatial pooler was examined, the first learning stage in a Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) network. Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) is a proposed model within the field of neuromorphic engineering. It describes a top down approach to understanding how the human brain performs higher reasoning and has application as a machine-learning algorithm. Final results displayed an increase in permanence values associated with the learning of the input pseudo-sensory signal and the system was able to accurately recognize the input signal with up to twenty percent of the binary data randomly modified. These results demonstrated conclusive evidence that HTM is a possible choice when machine intelligence is a system requirement.
Neue Synthesen der „Königinnensubstanz” und der 9‐Hydroxy‐2<sup><i>trans</i></sup>‐decensäure‐(1) (1962)

Abstract Die von der Bienenkönigin sezernierte 2 trans ‐Decenon‐(9)‐säure‐(1) wurde auf zwei neuen Wegen synthetisiert, wobei es gelang, ausgehend vom Glutardial‐dehyd über Hepten‐(2)‐al‐(7)‐säure‐(1)‐methylester Decen‐(2)‐in‐(9)‐ol‐(7)‐säure‐(1)‐methylester, Decadien‐(2.7)‐on‐(9)‐säure‐(1)‐methylester und Decen‐(2)‐on‐(9)‐säure‐(1)‐methylester, die 2 trans ‐Decenon‐(9)‐säure‐(1) in 50‐bis 100‐g‐Mengen herzustellen. — Durch Reduktion der 2 trans ‐Decenon‐(9)‐säure‐(1) mit Natrium‐ oder Kaliumboranat wurde die kristallisierte 9‐Hydroxy‐2 trans ‐decensäure‐(1) hergestellt, deren Anwesenheit im „Gelée royale”︁ von englischen Autoren wahrscheinlich gemacht werden konnte.
Spontaneous Ignition of Organic Compounds (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpontaneous Ignition of Organic CompoundsCharles E. Frank and Angus U. BlackhamCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 4, 862–867Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50508a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50508a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The use of portfolios in the assessment of learning and competence (2000)

Background Portfolios have been used to incorporate accreditation of prior learning into nursing and midwifery assessment. This article aims to review the available literature on the use of portfolios.Conclusion There needs to be a thorough evaluation of portfolios to determine their effectiveness as assessment tools in relation to the curriculum.
Plasmid IL-12 electroporation in melanoma (2012)

Intratumoral gene electroporation uses electric charges to facilitate entry of plasmid DNA into cells in a reproducible and highly efficient manner, especially to accessible sites such as cutaneous and subcutaneous melanomas. Effective for locally treated disease, electroporation of plasmid DNA encoding interleukin-12 can also induce responses in untreated distant disease, suggesting that adaptive immune responses are being elicited that can target melanoma-associated antigens. In vivo electroporation with immunomodulatory cytokine DNA is a promising approach that can trigger systemic anti-tumor immune responses without the systemic toxicity associated with intravenous cytokine delivery and potentially offer complete long-term tumor regression.
Effects of Concomitant Cholinergic and Adrenergic Stimulation on Learning and Memory Performance by Young and Aged Monkeys (1993)

The beneficial effects of physostigmine and other centrally acting AChE inhibitors on learning and memory processes have been documented in several studies. Some of these compounds are currently being examined for their potential in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. However, the ability to employ this class of agents alone is limited by the potential for debilitating and dangerous side effects. In addition, a growing body of evidence also suggests a role for a number of other transmitter systems in this disorder. Agents such as clonidine that address adrenergic deficits have recently been demonstrated to enhance memory performance in monkeys. Clonidine also inhibits the function of cholinergic neurons in specific brain regions and reduces certain side effects of physostigmine. This evidence provided the impetus to evaluate a combination of physostigmine and clonidine in a learning and memory paradigm in monkeys. Seven young adult and three aged macaque monkeys performing a delayed matching-to-sample task received regimens of increasing doses of clonidine and physostigmine on separate occasions to determine the optimal dose of each agent in terms of enhanced memory performance. The optimal dose of clonidine was combined with a series of physostigmine doses and performance was compared to that using the two drugs alone. The best combination regimen of clonidine and physostigmine was more effective than either drug alone in enhancing memory performance. Part of the benefit may have been due to the ability of the animals to tolerate significantly higher doses of physostigmine in the combination regimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fourier-Mellin Transform based Image Matching Algorithm (1996)

Image matching methods should be invariant to translation, rotation and scale. This paper presents such an image matching algorithm based on Fourier-Mellin transform. An algorithm for calculation of Fourier-Mellin descriptors is first discussed. The invariance of Fourier-Mellin transform to rotation, translation and scaling is stated along with necessary proof. A segmentation and feature based matching algorithm based on the Fourier- Mellin transform is then presented. The use of the algorithm on two natural images is presented. The time complexity of the algorithm is also discussed.
Structure-activity studies on the mechanism of action of miracil D. (1968)

Summary To investigate the nature of the complex formed between DNA and Miracil D (1-diethylaminoethylamino-4-methyl-10-thiaxanthenone, Lucanthone, Nilodin), a series of derivatives of this carcinostatic, schistosomicidal, and bacteriostatic compound have been examined in three test systems: the growth of intact Bacillus subtilis, the heat-denaturation profile of native DNA, and the subcellular DNA-directed RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. The derivatives differed from the parent compound by modifications of the diamino side chain, the presence of other substituents on the heterocyclic ring system, or in the ring system itself. In the series of congeners in which only the side chain differed from Miracil D, substitution of a methyl group for hydrogen on the proximal nitrogen or absence of the terminal nitrogen was accompanied by loss of activity in all three test systems; a variety of other substitutions were compatible with activity. In the 6-chloro-Miracil D series, however, alkyl substitution on the proximal nitrogen of the side chain did not abolish activity. Derivatives with alterations in the 4-substituent of Miracil D, or modifications in the ring system itself, included a number of compounds which stabilized the DNA helix against heat denaturation but did not inhibit growth of B. subtilis significantly. On the basis of these data, the concept is proposed that the proximal nitrogen of the side chain of Miracil D interacts with a phosphate residue of the DNA backbone and that the heterocyclic ring system interacts, probably by intercalation, with base residues in DNA. Correlations of the activities of the derivatives in these test systems with anticancer and schistosomicidal potencies are discussed.
Robust photonic band gaps for hollow core guidance in PCF made from high index glass (2003)

We report a new type of photonic bandgap that becomes substantial at remarkably low air-filling fractions (~60%) in triangularlattice photonic crystal fibres (PCF) made from high index glass (n / 2.0). The ratio of inter-hole spacing to wavelength makes these new structures ideal for the experimental realisation of hollow-core PCF in the mid/farinfrared, where suitable glasses (e.g., tellurites and chalcogenides) tend to have high refractive indices.
Spontaneous Periodic Deformations in Nonchiral Planar-Aligned Bimesogens with a Nematic-Nematic Transition and a Negative Elastic Constant (2010)

Hydrocarbon linked mesogenic dimers are found to exhibit an additional nematic phase below the conventional uniaxial nematic phase as confirmed by x-ray diffraction. The phase produces unusual periodic stripe domains in planar cells. The stripes are found to be parallel to the rubbing direction (in rubbed cells) with a well-defined period equal to double the cell gap. The stripes appear without external electromagnetic field, temperature or thickness gradients, rubbing or hybrid alignment treatments. Simple modeling proposes a negative sign for at least one of the two elastic constants: splay and twist, as a necessary condition for the observed pattern.
Character of crystallization nuclei in isotactic polypropylene (1982)

Examination of the isothermal crystallization and the effect of melting conditions on samples of isotactic polypropylene and its composite with talc, combined with electron-microscopic observation, has shown two types of heterogeneous nuclei effective in the crystallization process: (1) metastable nuclei, representing the unmelted crystalline phase of polypropylene, stabilized by solid heterogeneities, and operating after melting at relative low melting temperature and/or short melting time; and (2) stable crystallization nuclei, associated with solid heterogeneities, being probably catalyst residues. On the surface of these nuclei isotactic polypropylene tends to crystallize in an ordered fashion.
Dynamics of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> genome evolution (2008)

One of the hallmarks of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is its ability to thrive in diverse environments that includes humans with a variety of debilitating diseases or immune deficiencies. Here we report the complete sequence and comparative analysis of the genomes of two representative P. aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients whose genetic disorder predisposes them to infections by this pathogen. The comparison of the genomes of the two CF strains with those of other P. aeruginosa presents a picture of a mosaic genome, consisting of a conserved core component, interrupted in each strain by combinations of specific blocks of genes. These strain-specific segments of the genome are found in limited chromosomal locations, referred to as regions of genomic plasticity. The ability of P. aeruginosa to shape its genomic composition to favor survival in the widest range of environmental reservoirs, with corresponding enhancement of its metabolic capacity is supported by the identification of a genomic island in one of the sequenced CF isolates, encoding enzymes capable of degrading terpenoids produced by trees. This work suggests that niche adaptation is a major evolutionary force influencing the composition of bacterial genomes. Unlike genome reduction seen in host-adapted bacterial pathogens, the genetic capacity of P. aeruginosa is determined by the ability of individual strains to acquire or discard genomic segments, giving rise to strains with customized genomic repertoires. Consequently, this organism can survive in a wide range of environmental reservoirs that can serve as sources of the infecting organisms.