gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet‐derived growth factor: Morphologic and biochemical studies of binding, internalization, and degradation (1984)

Kinetic studies of binding and internalization of 125I-platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) demonstrate that up to 15% of membrane-associated radioactivity is internalized within 2 minutes after warming to 37 degrees C in a variety of cell types. The T 1/2 for internalization is approximately 20 minutes. The T 1/2 for the subsequent appearance of degradation products in the culture medium is between 60-90 minutes following initiation of internalization. Internalization and lysosomal association of 125I-PDGF were confirmed by EM autoradiography. Quantitative studies using PDGF adsorbed to colloidal gold (gold-PDGF) demonstrate that 17% of the cell-associated sites are along coated regions of the plasma membrane (1.0 sites/micron), while 82% are associated with noncoated membrane (0.2 sites/micron). There is a significant redistribution of the gold-PDGF complexes upon warming. Within 1-2 minutes at 37 degrees C, gold particles are found within endocytic vesicles, endosomes (0.09-0.3 micron diameter), and lysosomes (greater than 0.2 micron diameter). At this time the vesicle/endosome compartment comprises 15% of the total sites and contains 0.9 sites per micron2 of surface area. The lysosomes account for 8% of the total sites and contain 0.8 sites per micron2 of surface area. Simultaneously, there is an increase in the number of gold-PDGF binding sites within coated-pits (1.6 sites/micron, 18% of the total sites) and a decrease along noncoated regions of the membrane (0.11 sites/micron, 58% of the total sites). After 15 minutes at 37 degrees C, 26% of the total sites (1.4 sites/micron2) are highly concentrated within lysosomes, while sites in the vesicle/endosome compartment remain constant. At the same time, binding sites within coated pits decrease substantially (0.5 sites/micron, 4% of the total sites), while the number of sites along noncoated regions of the membrane remain constant. Gold-PDGF was not observed associated with the Golgi complex at any time up to 120 minutes following warming. We conclude that gold-PDGF is processed via both receptor-mediated and nonspecific endocytosis and follows an intracellular pathway comparable to that followed by some other protein ligands.
Changes in Conformation at the Cytoplasmic Ends of the Fifth and Sixth Transmembrane Helices of a Yeast G Protein-Coupled Receptor in Response to Ligand Binding (2011)

The third intracellular loop (IL3) of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is an important contact domain between GPCRs and their G proteins. Previously, the IL3 of Ste2p, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae GPCR, was suggested to undergo a conformational change upon activation as detected by differential protease susceptibility in the presence and absence of ligand. In this study using disulfide cross-linking experiments we show that the Ste2p cytoplasmic ends of helix 5 (TM5) and helix 6 (TM6) that flank the amino and carboxyl sides of IL3 undergo conformational changes upon ligand binding, whereas the center of the IL3 loop does not. Single Cys substitution of residues in the middle of IL3 led to receptors that formed high levels of cross-linked Ste2p, whereas Cys substitution at the interface of IL3 and the contiguous cytoplasmic ends of TM5 and TM6 resulted in minimal disulfide-mediated cross-linked receptor. The alternating pattern of residues involved in cross-linking suggested the presence of a 3(10) helix in the middle of IL3. Agonist (WHWLQLKPGQPNleY) induced Ste2p activation reduced cross-linking mediated by Cys substitutions at the cytoplasmic ends of TM5 and TM6 but not by residues in the middle of IL3. Thus, the cytoplasmic ends of TM5 and TM6 undergo conformational change upon ligand binding. An α-factor antagonist (des-Trp, des-His-α-factor) did not influence disulfide-mediated Ste2p cross-linking, suggesting that the interaction of the N-terminus of α-factor with Ste2p is critical for inducing conformational changes at TM5 and TM6. We propose that the changes in conformation revealed for residues at the ends of TM5 and TM6 are affected by the presence of G protein but not G protein activation. This study provides new information about role of specific residues of a GPCR in signal transduction and how peptide ligand binding activates the receptor.
Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over NetBIOS networks (1989)

This document specifies a standard method of encapsulating the
Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams on NetBIOS networks.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active Cyanohydrins ‐ Important Sources for Chiral Drugs (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of multiple doses of fimasartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of digoxin in healthy volunteers (2011)

Coadministration of fimasartan with digoxin does not result in clinically significant changes of digoxin pharmacokinetics at steady-state in healthy subjects.
A Scheduler for Multipath TCP (2013)

We first explain problems with the default scheduler used by the Linux kernel MPTCP implementation. Then we propose the design of a new scheduler. Preliminary empirical results show that our proposed scheduler improves the throughput in MPTCP by alleviating the problems caused by the default scheduler.
Bee venom acupuncture, NSAIDs or combined treatment for chronic neck pain: study protocol for a randomized, assessor-blind trial (2014)

This study is registered with the United States (US) National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry: NCT01922466.
Passwordless Initial Authentication to Kerberos by Hardware Preauthentication (2006)

This document specifies an extension to the Kerberos protocol for
performing initial authentication of a user without using that
user's long-lived password. Any hardware preauthentication method
may be employed instead of the password, and the key of another
principal must be nominated to encrypt the returned credential.
Thermal Energy Storage Technology for Industrial Process Heat Applications (2005)

This paper deals with the assessment of different thermal energy storage technologies for solar process heat application. Three different storage concepts are discussed in detail: sensible solid media storage, steam accumulators, and phase change energy storage. The first two systems are sensible storage systems and the latter one is using solid-liquid phase change of salts for isothermal heat storage. All three concepts are superior to commercially available pressurized water storage units. For the assessment of the different concepts a reference case was defined consisting of a solar system providing saturated steam for an industrial process demanding heat at 140 °C. The temperature difference between operation temperature of the solar system and the industrial process has significant influence on the assessment of the different storage technologies. A small temperature difference of 20K or even less shows significant advantage of the PCM storage approach. Values in the order of 60K lead to an adjustment of the cost of the different concepts. In this case a more detailed evaluation is required to identify the most economic technology.
High‐Performance Ferroelectric Memory Based on Phase‐Separated Films of Polymer Blends (2013)

High‐performance polymer memory is fabricated using blends of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene‐fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) and highly insulating poly(p‐phenylene oxide) (PPO). The blend films spontaneously phase separate into amorphous PPO nanospheres embedded in a semicrystalline P(VDF‐TrFE) matrix. Using low molecular weight PPO with high miscibility in a common solvent, i.e., methyl ethyl ketone, blend films are spin cast with extremely low roughness (R rms ≈ 4.92 nm) and achieve nanoscale phase seperation (PPO domain size < 200 nm). These blend devices display highly improved ferroelectric and dielectric performance with low dielectric losses (<0.2 up to 1 MHz), enhanced thermal stability (up to ≈353 K), excellent fatigue endurance (80% retention after 10 6 cycles at 1 KHz) and high dielectric breakdown fields (≈360 MV/m).
Staurosporine Promotion of Formation of Continuous Monolayers of Primary Rat Hepatocytes by Improving Attachment and Spreading (2000)

Primary rat hepatocytes form discontinuous monolayers even at their maximum density. Here, we show that staurosporine promotes attachment and spreading of hepatocytes onto culture substrates, so that hepatocytes form a close, continuous monolayer. This treatment did not attenuate major hepatic functions. Therefore, this technique is promising for making seamless cell-sheet structures, which will be applicable for cell-polarity experiments or artificial liver construction.
Design and Analysis of an Intercooled Turbofan Engine (2010)

The performance of an intercooled turbofan engine is analyzed by multidisciplinary optimization. A model for making preliminary simplified analysis of the mechanical design of the engine is coupled to an aircraft model and an engine performance model. A conventional turbofan engine with technology representative for a year 2013 entry of service is compared with a corresponding intercooled engine. A mission fuel burn reduction of 3.4% is observed. The results are analyzed in terms of the relevant constraints such as compressor exit temperature, turbine entry temperature, turbine rotor blade temperature, and compressor exit blade height. It is shown that the gas path of an intercooled engine for medium range commercial transport applications, having an overall pressure ratio greater than 70 in top of climb, may still be optimized to fulfill a compressor exit blade height constraint. This indicates that a state of the art high pressure compressor efficiency can be achieved. Empirical data and a parametric computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study are used to verify the intercooler heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics.
Dye Uptake Methods for Assessing Viral Cytopathogenicity and their Application to Interferon Assays (1969)

SUMMARY When neutral red is added to the liquid medium in tissue cultures, more dye is taken up by healthy cells than by damaged cells. This forms the basis of a method for assessing the relative extent of cell damage in different cultures, the amounts of bound dye being determined directly by inspection of the stained cell sheets, or indirectly by estimating extracted dye colorimetrically. This procedure can be used to measure the effects of a cytocidal virus and can also be applied to the assay of interferons. Here it provides a precise and reproducible method which is unusually sensitive for the assay of mouse interferon, and has also been used to assay rat, chick, rabbit and human interferons.
Power saving scheme with low-utilization station aggregation for Radio-On-Demand Networks (2011)

There has been widespread deployment of IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (LANs) because of high demand from mobile terminals, such as iPod and Android terminals. With the increasing energy consumption of the wireless LANs, the development of power saving technologies incorporated into the wireless LANs have become important. In wireless LANs, access points (APs) continuously consume the power regardless of the communication. Therefore, we have proposed the Radio-On-Demand (ROD) wireless LAN, which provides power saving schemes on the basis of the utilization of wireless LANs. In this study, we particularly focus on the power saving scheme of the APs, and propose the decentralized association management of ROD wireless LANs. In our scheme, an AP assigns associated stations (STAs) to new APs before switching to sleep mode. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can realize sufficient power saving.
Treatment of Clostridium difficile–Associated Diarrhea (2002)

OBJECTIVE:To review the literature related to the treatment and infection control of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search (1966–August 2001) of the English literature was conducted.DATA SYNTHESIS:C. difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-related diarrhea. The clinical spectrum extends from simple diarrhea to fulminant colitis. Cessation of antibiotic therapy alone is sufficient for mild cases; however, the majority of cases require oral metronidazole as the drug of choice. Vancomycin orally is reserved for patients who have failed to respond to metronidazole, are pregnant, or are severely ill. There is an important role for infection control interventions.CONCLUSIONS:CDAD is a common infection. Appropriate antibiotic treatment and infection control policies can prevent the spread and reduce the morbidity associated with this disease.
Structural Characterization of Interlayer Expanded Zeolite Prepared From Ferrierite Lamellar Precursor (2009)

A novel methodology was successfully developed to expand the structure of zeolitic lamellar precursors through molecular alkoxysilylation. The method has been applied to PREFER (lamellar precursor of ferrierite). As a result, a novel crystalline interlayer expanded zeolite named as IEZ-FER (IEZ is the abbreviation of interlayer expanded zeolite) with enlarged distance perpendicular to the layer was synthesized through interlayer molecular alkoxysilylation. In this paper, the structure of IEZ-FER has been comprehensively studied by various means such as electron diffraction, high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and structure modeling. Our studies provide evidence that IEZ-FER preserves the pentasil layers corresponding to that found in the known three-dimensional (3D) FER zeolite, but it also shows a distinct expansion of the layer spacing (∼5 Å). The newly formed channel system is distinct from that of the known 3D FER structure,which has 8-membered ring (MR) and 10MR pores along the [010] and [001] directions, respectively; IEZ-FER exhibits 10MR and 12MR pores along the [010] and [001] directions, respectively, in the interlayer space, which can be shown to explain the expansion in between layers. Furthermore, the formation of the large pores could be realized by the insertion of monolayer of Si species between the layers, and it explains the unique interlayer cross-linkages (Si(OH)(SiO2)3 and Si(OH)2(SiO2)2) present in the interlayer.
Structure-guided Mutational Analysis of the Nucleotidyltransferase Domain of Escherichia coli NAD+-dependent DNA Ligase (LigA) (2005)

NAD+-dependent DNA ligase (LigA) is essential for bacterial growth and a potential target for antimicrobial drug discovery. Here we queried the role of 14 conserved amino acids of Escherichia coli LigA by alanine scanning and thereby identified five new residues within the nucleotidyltransferase domain as being essential for LigA function in vitro and in vivo. Structure activity relationships were determined by conservative mutagenesis for the Glu-173, Arg-200, Arg-208, and Arg-277 side chains, as well as four other essential side chains that had been identified previously (Lys-115, Asp-117, Asp-285, and Lys-314). In addition, we identified Lys-290 as important for LigA activity. Reference to the structure of Enterococcus faecalis LigA allowed us to discriminate three classes of essential/important side chains that: (i) contact NAD+ directly (Lys-115, Glu-173, Lys-290, and Lys-314); (ii) comprise the interface between the NMN-binding domain (domain Ia) and the nucleotidyltransferase domain or comprise part of a nick-binding site on the surface of the nucleotidyltransferase domain (Arg-200 and Arg-208); or (iii) stabilize the active site fold of the nucleotidyltransferase domain (Arg-277). Analysis of mutational effects on the isolated ligase adenylylation and phosphodiester formation reactions revealed different functions for essential side chains at different steps of the DNA ligase pathway, consistent with the proposal that the active site is serially remodeled as the reaction proceeds.
Depassivation of X‐Ray Irradiated and Then Annealed Bipolar Devices at Room Temperature (1993)

The room‐temperature depassivation of tetraethoxysilane oxide1 system has been observed in n‐p‐n bipolar transistors. The devices were exposed to a dose of 18.8 Mrads of synchrotron radiation. Upon irradiation the common emitter current gain was dramatically degraded. However, upon annealing in forming gas at 400°C for 30 min the current gain recovered its initial value. The devices were then placed in a regular storage cabinet in an atmospheric environment at room temperature for two years, and the current gain was measured again. It has been found that devices that were irradiated and then annealed show distinctly different characteristics from those that have never been irradiated. It has been observed that the current gain of the irradiated and then annealed transistors were significantly reduced two years after annealing.
The bI4 group I intron binds directly to both its protein splicing partners, a tRNA synthetase and maturase, to facilitate RNA splicing activity (2000)

The imported mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase (NAM2p) and a mitochondrial-expressed intron-encoded maturase protein are required for splicing the fourth intron (bI4) of the yeast cob gene, which expresses an electron transfer protein that is essential to respiration. However, the role of the tRNA synthetase, as well as the function of the bI4 maturase, remain unclear. As a first step towards elucidating the mechanistic role of these protein splicing factors in this group I intron splicing reaction, we tested the hypothesis that both leucyl-tRNA synthetase and bI4 maturase interact directly with the bI4 intron. We developed a yeast three-hybrid system and determined that both the tRNA synthetase and bI4 maturase can bind directly and independently via RNA-protein interactions to the large bI4 group I intron. We also showed, using modified two-hybrid and three-hybrid assays, that the bI4 intron bridges interactions between the two protein splicing partners. In the presence of either the bI4 maturase or the Leu-tRNA synthetase, bI4 intron transcribed recombinantly with flanking exons in the yeast nucleus exhibited splicing activity. These data combined with previous genetic results are consistent with a novel model for a ternary splicing complex (two protein: one RNA) in which both protein splicing partners bind directly to the bI4 intron and facilitate its self-splicing activity.
Digital holography of particles: benefits of the ‘inverse problem’ approach (2008)

This paper was published in Measurement Science and Technology and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of IOP. The paper can be found at the following URL on the IOP website: http://www.iop.org/EJ/journal/MST
Effects of Zeolite Membrane Structure on the Separation of 1,3-Propanediol from Glycerol and Glucose by Pervaporation (2001)

Seven types of zeolite membranes were synthesized on the inside surfaces of alumina and stainless steel supports. The medium-pore membranes (MFI, MEL, and a MFI + MEL composite) were prepared by using organic templates, whereas the larger pore membranes (MOR, FAU) were prepared by a template-free method. These membranes were used in pervaporation to separate 1,3-propanediol from glycerol and glucose in an aqueous solution. All membranes had 1,3-propanediol/glycerol selectivities higher than 27, and zeolite pore size did not have a large influence on membrane selectivity, which was mainly due to preferential adsorption of 1,3-propanediol. The 1,3-propanediol/glucose selectivities were higher than 1600 for all membranes because the selectivities were mainly controlled by molecular sieving. Zeolite structure had a significant effect on the pervaporation flux; the larger pore membranes had higher fluxes. At 308 K, the X-type membrane had the largest 1,3-propanediol flux of 62 g/(m2 h), with a 1,3-propanediol/glycerol selectivity of 59.
An image digital signature system with ZKIP for the graph isomorphism (2002)

In conventional digital signature techniques, secret information, which is utilized for authentication, is disclosed to the verifier. A new digital signature system for image data is proposed. This system can be used to assert the copyright of image data. In this system, a graph generated from an image which must has a signature and an isomorphic graph is concealed in this image. The ZKIP (zero knowledge interactive proof) for the graph isomorphism is applied to assert the copyright of this image. Consequently the secret information is not disclosed during the authentication process.
Selective uptake of intact parathyroid hormone by the liver: differences between hepatic and renal uptake. (1976)

Hepatic and renal extraction of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) was studied in awake dogs with explanted kidneys and chronic indwelling hepatic vein catheters. After a single injection of bovine PTH 1-84 (b-PTH 1-84), hepatic arteriovenous (A-V) differences for immunoreactive PTH (i-PTH) was 39% at 2 min after injection but decreased to 0% by 25 min, despite high levels of i-PTH in the arterial circulation. Gel filtration of arterila and hepatic venous samples obtained when hepatic A-V differences for i-PTH were demonstrable revealed hepatic uptake of the intact hormone and addition of a smaller COOH-terminal fragment, eluting just after the intact hormone, to the hepatic venous blood. Gel filtration of samples obtained 20-30 min after injection of b-PTH was demonstrable) revealed no detectable intact hormone in the circulation. Levels of COOH-terminal fragments of the hormone at the time were identical in arterial and hepatic venous samples. In additional experiemtns no hepatic A-V difference was observed after the injection of the synthetic bovine PTH 1-34 (syn b-PTH 1-34). By comparison there was a demonstrable A-V difference of 20% across the kidney for both intact PTH and COOH-terminal fragments that persisted until i-PTH disappeared from the circulation. The kidney also demonstrated an A-V difference of 22% after injection of syn b-PTH 1-34. These studies demonstrate selective extraction of intact PTH but not of its fragments by the liver. The kidney, on the other hand, extracted the intact hormone and both COOH and NH2 terminal fragments. The studies demonstrate that the kidney was the only organ of those examined that detectably removed the fragments of PTH from the circulation.
The Effect of Glucosamine-Chondroitin Supplementation on Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2003)

This study demonstrates that oral glucosamine supplementation does not result in clinically significant alterations in glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Imaging and Raman Spectroscopy of Individual Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes on a Large Substrate (2007)

A beam-scanning confocal Raman microscope system capable of large-area imaging is developed for characterizing single-wall carbon nanotubes at the single tube level. Individual ultralong nanotubes grown on a large silicon substrate are systematically imaged by both confocal Raman microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Raman spectra for more than 200 nanotubes, consisting of both semiconducting and metallic nanotubes, are obtained. A large variation in the nanotube radial breathing mode (RBM) Raman intensity is observed for different tubes and can be understood in terms of resonance enhancement and nanotube structure-dependent electron−phonon coupling strength. Nanotube diameters determined from RBM frequencies reveal a broad distribution from 0.8 to ∼2 nm for nanotubes grown by chemical vapor deposition. The tangential mode (G band) Raman spectra of individual metallic nanotubes are found to exhibit a variety of different line shapes, with the Breit−Wigner−Fano feature diminished for most of the observed spectra.