gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of the Photocurrent Conversion Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells on the Incident Light Intensity (2000)

The incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of dye-sensitized solar cells is measured as a function of the incident photon current density. A characteristic dependence of the IPCE on the incident light intensity with a maximum value for absorbed photon current densities in the range of jγ,abs = 1017 cm-2 s-1 is observed for all cells investigated in this study. The IPCE decreases significantly for large absorbed photon current densities (jγ,abs > 1018 cm-2 s-1) and for small absorbed photon current densities (jγ,abs < 1016 cm-2 s-1). The decrease of the IPCE at large incident light intensities is due to the diffusion limitation of the electrolyte within the nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode. The decrease of the IPCE at low incident light intensities can be explained by the loss of photogenerated electrons via surface-state-mediated electron transfer into the electrolyte. The strong dependence of the IPCE on the incident light intensity has consequences for the efficiency of a dye-sensitized solar cell at low illumination levels. It also suggests that spectral measurements of the IPCE of dye-sensitized solar cells and of nanocrystalline electrodes cannot be used to predict the solar or white light IPCE unless they were taken with bias light or with very high intensities of monochromatic light, especially at weakly absorbed wavelengths.
Matching directories and OWL ontologies with AROMA (2006)

This paper presents a simple and adaptable matching method dealing with web directories, catalogs and OWL ontologies. By using a well-known Knowledge Discovery in Databases model, such as the association rule paradigm, this method has the originality to be both extensional and asymmetric. It works at the terminological level (by selecting concept-relevant terms contained in documents) and permits to discover equivalence and also subsumption relations holding between entities (concepts and properties). This method relies on the implication intensity measure, a probabilistic model of deviation from independence. Selection of significant rules between concepts (or properties) is lead by two criteria permitting to assess respectively the implication quality and the generativity of the rule. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated on two benchmarks. The first contains two conceptual hierarchies populated with textual documents and the second one is composed of OWL ontologies.
Preparation and evaluation of some esteramides as synthetic based drilling fluids (2014)

Some hexanamide-mono and di-linoleniate esters were prepared by the reaction of linolenic acid and hexanamide (derived from the reaction of hexanoic acid and diethanolamine). The chemical structure for the newly prepared hexanamide-mono and di-linoleniate esters were elucidated using elemental analysis, (FTIR), H 1NMR and chemical ionization mass spectra (CI/Ms) spectroscopic techniques. The results of the spectroscopic analysis indicated that they were prepared through the right method and they have high purity. The new prepared esters have high biodegradability and lower toxicity (environmentally friendly) so they were evaluated as a synthetic-based mud (ester-based mud) for oil-well drilling fluids. The evaluation included study of the rheological properties, filtration and thermal properties of the ester based-muds formulated with the newly prepared esters compared to the reference commercial synthetic-based mud.
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplementation to treat symptomatic disc degeneration: Biochemical rationale and case report (2003)

The case suggests that long-term glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate intake may counteract symptomatic spinal disc degeneration, particularly at an early stage. However, definite proof requires well-conducted clinical trials with these food supplements, in which disc de-/regeneration can be objectively determined by MRI. A number of biochemical reasons (that mechanistically need to be further resolved) explain why these agents may have cartilage structure- and symptom-modifying effects, suggesting their therapeutic efficacy against osteoarthritis in general.
GPU‐Based Spherical Light Field Rendering with Per‐Fragment Depth Correction (2008)

Abstract Image‐based rendering techniques are a powerful alternative to traditional polygon‐based computer graphics. This paper presents a novel light field rendering technique which performs per‐pixel depth correction of rays for high‐quality reconstruction. Our technique stores combined RGB and depth values in a parabolic 2D texture for every light field sample acquired at discrete positions on a uniform spherical setup. Image synthesis is implemented on the GPU as a fragment program which extracts the correct image information from adjacent cameras for each fragment by applying per‐pixel depth correction of rays. We show that the presented image‐based rendering technique provides a significant improvement compared to previous approaches. We explain two different rendering implementations which make use of a uniform parametrisation to minimise disparity problems and ensure full six degrees of freedom for virtual view synthesis. While one rendering algorithm implements an iterative refinement approach for rendering light fields with per pixel depth correction, the other approach employs a raycaster, which provides superior rendering quality at moderate frame rates. GPU based per‐fragment depth correction of rays, used in both implementations, helps reducing ghosting artifacts to a non‐noticeable amount and provides a rendering technique that performs without exhaustive pre‐processing for 3D object reconstruction and without real‐time ray‐object intersection calculations at rendering time.
Fecal Calprotectin Concentrations in Healthy Children Aged 1-18 Months (2015)

The FC levels of children aged 1-18 months exhibit a downward trend with increasing age and are greater than the normal levels observed in healthy adults. In healthy children aged <6 months, FC levels are high. In children aged 6-18 months, FC concentrations are relatively low but are still higher than those of children aged >4 years.
A general framework for building natural language understanding modules in voice search (2010)

Mobile search is a fast-growing business. Mobile voice search provides an easier way to search for information from mobile devices using voice. Natural language understanding (NLU) is a key component technology in voice search to assure search effectiveness. This paper describes a general framework for building the NLU modules in voice search applications. The NLU task is defined as segmenting ASR output, including ASR 1-Best and ASR Word Confusion Networks, into several concepts that are necessary for high-precision search. Application data such as raw query logs, annotated queries and source database are used to train the NLU models. We instantiated this framework on a mobile business search application and demonstrated the flexibility of using this framework. We report the experimental results on this application.
Validating Storage System Instrumentation (2013)

There is a large body of work-such as system administration and intrusion detection-that relies upon storage system logs and snapshots. These solutions rely on accurate system records, however, little effort has been made to verify the correctness of logging instrumentation and log reliability. We present a solution, called ExDiff, that uses expectation differencing to validate storage system logs. Our solution can identify development errors such as the omission of a logging point and runtime errors such as log crashes. ExDiff uses metadata snapshots and activity logs to predict the expected state of the system and compares that with the system's actual state. Mismatches between the expected and actual metadata states can then be used to highlight gaps in log coverage, as well as aid in identifying specific types of missing entries. We show that ExDiff provides valuable insight to system designers, administrators and researchers by accurately identifying gaps in log coverage, providing clues useful in isolating specific types of missing log entries, and highlighting potential misunderstandings in logged action.
A parallel object-oriented total architecture: A–NET (1990)

A-NET is a parallel object-oriented total architecture for highly parallel computation. Starting with a computation model, this paper describes parallel constructs of the designed language, called A-NETL; the A-NETL oriented machine instruction set architecture; the hardware organization of a node processor, which consists of a 40-bit processing element and a router; and a local operating system on each of the node processors. Statistics for the designed language and the machine are derived from experimental results. Keywords: parallel object-oriented, total architecture, multicomputer, processing element, router, parallel operating system
<i>SF3B1</i> Mutations Are Associated with Alternative Splicing in Uveal Melanoma (2013)

Our data show that despite its dismal prognosis, uveal melanoma is a relatively simple genetic disease characterized by recurrent chromosomal losses and gains and a low mutational burden. We show that SF3B1 is recurrently mutated in uveal melanoma, and the mutations are associated with aberrant alternative splicing.
Landscape Position and Precipitation Effects on Spatial Variability of Wheat Yield and Grain Protein in Southern Italy (2009)

Abstract Wheat yield and protein content are spatially variable because of inherent spatial variability of factors affecting the yield at field scale. In Mediterranean environments, yield variability is often caused by the irregular weather pattern, particularly rainfall and by position on the landscape. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of landscape position and rainfall on spatial variability of wheat yield and protein in a rolling terrain field of Southern Italy, and to propose stable management areas through simulation modelling and georesistivity imaging in rolling landscape. The study was carried out in Southern Italy, during 2 years of wheat monoculture; extensive soil properties and in‐season plant measurements were measured. This study showed that soil water content was the main factor affecting spatial variation of yield for both years. The interactions between rainfall, topography and soil attributes increase the chances to observe yield variability among years. The principal component analysis demonstrated that for both years, soil water content explained most of the variability. The crop simulation model provided excellent results when compared with measured data with root mean square error of 0.2 t ha −1 . The simulated cumulative probability function showed that the model was able to confirm the yield temporal stability of three different zones.
Transient response and stability of the AGC-PI closed-loop controlled MEMS vibratory gyroscopes (2009)

This paper presents a detailed study on the transient response and stability of the automatic gain control (AGC) with a proportion-integral (PI) controller for a MEMS vibratory gyroscope, which constructs a closed-loop control system to make the gyroscope achieve a constant amplitude vibration at its resonant frequency. The nonlinear mathematical model for the control system is established by applying the averaging and linearization method, which is evaluated through numerical simulations. The stability and convergence characteristics of the whole loop are investigated by using the phase plane method and Routh–Hurwitz criterion. The analysis provides a quantitative methodology for selecting the system parameters to approach stability and an optimal transient response. The negative impact induced by drift of the resonant frequency and Q-factor is also discussed. Simulation results predicted by the model are shown to be in close agreement with the experimental results carried out on a doubly decoupled bulk micromachined gyroscope. By optimizing the control parameters, the measured rising time is less than 100 ms without obvious overshoot. The setting time of the whole loop is less than 200 ms with the relative fluctuation of velocity amplitude within approximately 16 ppm for an hour. The resulting overall performance of the gyroscope is tested under atmospheric pressure. The resonant frequencies and the Q-factor of the drive mode and sense mode are 2.986 kHz, 213 and 3.199 kHz, 233, respectively. The gyroscope achieves a scale factor of 27.6 mV/deg/s with nonlinearity less than 120 ppm in the full-scale range of 800° s−1. The threshold of sensitivity is measured to be about 0.005° s−1 with noise equivalent angular rate evaluated to be 0.001°/s/Hz1/2.
Experimental verification of the effect of depletion-region modulation on photoconductance lifetime measurements (2004)

Depletion-region modulation (DRM) has recently been identified as a mechanism that influences photoconductance lifetime measurements. The effect is observed in semiconductor samples containing a depletion-region (i.e., p-n junction solar cells). Experimental measurements presented within demonstrate that the DRM effect dominates the conductance measurement at low excess carrier concentrations, resulting in an overestimation of the effective lifetime by several orders of magnitude. The influence of substrate thickness on the DRM effect is experimentally verified. The previously developed analytical equation for DRM is in agreement with our experimental data and can be used to correct DRM affected photoconductance lifetime measurements. Finally, the impact on the sensitivity of a photoconductance measurement is discussed for the DRM corrected case.
Optimizing the Distribution of Transmission Ratio of the 2-Stage Planetary Gear Reduction (2Z-X). (2003)

The transmission ratio and its distribution of the reduction gear have a great influence on the reduction gear weight,size,etc. This paper discusses the widely used planetary gear reduction with two NGW in series,and optimizes the distribution of the transmission ratio according to the minimum radial size and the distribution of the transmission ratio following minimum principle by the weight of the NGW reduction gear 。
An Improved Resolving Time Measuring Device (1950)

A circuit for measuring resolving times has been developed utilizing the scheme of Curran and Rae with the addition of a delayed pulse of variable width. Any random event initiates a delayed pulse which is fed into coincidence with subsequent pulses giving rise to a sharp increase in the coincidence rate at a delay time close to the resolving time. A theory is given which predicts observed curve shapes and data is given for several counters to illustrate the operation under different counting rates and overvoltages.
De Novo Formation of Left–Right Asymmetry by Posterior Tilt of Nodal Cilia (2005)

In the developing mouse embryo, leftward fluid flow on the ventral side of the node determines left-right (L-R) asymmetry. However, the mechanism by which the rotational movement of node cilia can generate a unidirectional flow remains hypothetical. Here we have addressed this question by motion and morphological analyses of the node cilia and by fluid dynamic model experiments. We found that the cilia stand, not perpendicular to the node surface, but tilted posteriorly. We further confirmed that such posterior tilt can produce leftward flow in model experiments. These results strongly suggest that L-R asymmetry is not the descendant of pre-existing L-R asymmetry within each cell but is generated de novo by combining three sources of spatial information: antero-posterior and dorso-ventral axes, and the chirality of ciliary movement.
Synthesis and properties of S-aminomethylthiamine and N-hydroxymethylthiamine. (1976)

S-Aminomethylthiamine : N-[(2-Methyl-4-amino-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl]-N-[1-methyl-2-(dialkylaminomethyl) thio-4-hydroxy-1-butenyl] formamide (IIIa-d) were successfully synthesized by the reaction of an alkaline solution of thiamine (I) with chloroform solution of chloromethyldialkylamine (VIa-d), which were freshly prepared from methylenebisdialkylamine (Va-d) and acetyl chloride. The compounds (IIIa-d) were soluble in organic solvents and also soluble in water with the exception of IIIb. When III was dissolved in water, III afforded a small amount of cyclobismethylenethiamine (II) and mostly decomposed to I. The behaviour of IIIa in water was confirmed by means of polarographic technique. N-Hydroxymethylthiamine : 3-[(2-Methyl-4-hydroxymethylamino-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl]-4-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl) thiazolium chloride (VII) was also prepared from thiamine monochloride (I-Cl) and formalin. Compound VII gave also II in the presence of diethylamine. The formation pathway of II from I was also discussed.
An Improved Single-Phase Active-Front-End Rectifier System for Use With Three-Phase Variable-Frequency Drives (2014)

In many rural areas, due to unavailability of three-phase ac power, three-phase variable-frequency drives (VFDs) are often required to operate from a single-phase ac source. Powering up three-phase VFDs from single-phase ac source requires addressing many issues: higher RMS value of input diode current, higher ripple voltage across the dc bus capacitor, higher peak input current, higher input current distortion, lower power factor, and poorer system efficiency. All of these lead to severe derating of VFDs for single-phase applications. A new low-cost single-phase active circuit based on injecting current into the midpoint of the dc bus employing only one bidirectional switch is proposed here. The bidirectional switch carries current for less than a quarter cycle and is rated accordingly. The presence of a three-phase diode bridge rectifier lends itself to better distribute the higher input root-mean-square current so that the diodes need not carry current higher than their nominal rating. The proposed method shows that VFDs need not be derated to achieve rated output power. Test results from a 15-hp 230-V system are given to prove the concept.
The Synthesis of α-Alkoxyisobutyric Acids and Alkyl Methacrylates from Acetonechloroform (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of α-Alkoxyisobutyric Acids and Alkyl Methacrylates from AcetonechloroformCh. Weizmann, M. Sulzbacher, and E. BergmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 3, 1153–1158Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01183a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01183a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views487Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive Deep Supervised Autoencoder Based Image Reconstruction for Face Recognition (2016)

Based on a special type of denoising autoencoder (DAE) and image reconstruction, we present a novel supervised deep learning framework for face recognition (FR). Unlike existing deep autoencoder which is unsupervised face recognition method, the proposed method takes class label information from training samples into account in the deep learning procedure and can automatically discover the underlying nonlinear manifold structures. Specifically, we define an Adaptive Deep Supervised Network Template (ADSNT) with the supervised autoencoder which is trained to extract characteristic features from corrupted/clean facial images and reconstruct the corresponding similar facial images. The reconstruction is realized by a so-called “bottleneck” neural network that learns to map face images into a low-dimensional vector and reconstruct the respective corresponding face images from the mapping vectors. Having trained the ADSNT, a new face image can then be recognized by comparing its reconstruction image with individual gallery images, respectively. Extensive experiments on three databases including AR, PubFig, and Extended Yale B demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy of face recognition under enormous illumination, pose change, and a fraction of occlusion.
Isovolumic pressure-to-early rapid filling decay rate relation: model-based derivation and validation via simultaneous catheterization echocardiography (2005)

Transmitral Doppler echocardiography is the preferred method of noninvasive diastolic function assessment. Correlations between catheterization-based measures of isovolumic relaxation (IVR) and transmitral, early rapid filling (Doppler E-wave)-derived parameters have been observed, but no model-based, causal explanation has been offered. IVR has also been characterized in terms of its duration as IVR time (IVRT) and by tau, the time-constant of IVR, by approximating the terminal left ventricular IVR pressure contour as Pt= Pinfinity + P(o)e(-t/tau), where Pt is the continuity of pressure, Pinfinity and Po are constants, t is time, and tau is the time constant of IVR. To characterize the relation between IVR and early rapid filling more fully, simultaneous (micromanometric) left ventricular pressure and transmitral Doppler E-wave data from 25 subjects undergoing elective cardiac catheterization and having normal physiology were analyzed. The time constant tau was determined from the dP/dt vs. P (phase) plane and, simultaneous Doppler E-waves provided global indexes of chamber viscosity/relaxation (c), chamber stiffness (k), and load (xo). We hypothesize that temporal continuity of pressure decay at mitral valve opening and physiological constraints permit the algebraic derivation of linear relations relating 1/tau to both peak atrioventricular pressure gradient (kxo) and E-wave-derived viscosity/relaxation (c) but does not support a similar, causal (linear) relation between deceleration time and tau or IVRT. Both predicted linear relations were observed: kxo to 1/tau (r = 0.71) and viscosity/relaxation to 1/tau (r = 0.71). Similarly, as anticipated, only a weak linear correlation between deceleration time and IVRT or tau was observed (r = 0.41). The observed in vivo relationship provides insight into the isovolumic mechanism of relaxation and the changing-volume mechanism of early rapid filling via a link of the respective relaxation properties.
A low-power low-noise accurate linear-in-dB variable-gain amplifier with 500-MHz bandwidth (2000)

A linear-in-dB variable-gain amplifier (VGA) using a pre-distortion circuit to generate the gain-control signal is fabricated in a BiCMOS process with f/sub T/=20 GHz. The VGA comprises two cascaded stages of signal-summing VGA and has a variable-gain range of over 70 dB. It can operate at up to 500 MHz and dissipates 36 mW from a 3-V supply. A noise figure of below 5 dB and IIP3 of over -38 dBm at 43-dB gain were obtained. The VGA achieved a gain error of less than 2 dB over 70-dB gain range, and it occupies approximately 1 mm/sup 2/. The VGA is applicable to future code division multiple access (CDMA) receivers.