gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic lupus erythematosus and hormone replacement therapy (2007)

The indications for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women is the treatment of climacteric symptoms and the prevention of osteoporosis. Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are more likely to have a premature menopause, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. HRT can induce SLE flares and cardiovascular or venous thromboembolic events. Therefore it should not be used in women with active disease or those with antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies. In general, it should be used only for patients without active disease, a history of thrombosis or aPL antibodies. Non-oral administration of estrogen is recommended because of its lesser effect on coagulation. With regard to the progestogen, progesterone or pregnane derivatives are preferred. Otherwise, non-estrogen-based strategies should be used.
A systematic review of the treatment studies in Huntington’s disease since 1990 (2007)

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, inherited, neuropsychiatric disease that gives rise to progressive motor, cognitive and behavioural symptoms. Current drug therapy has no effect on the progression of disability, and the need for any pharmacological treatment should be carefully considered. Hyperkinesias and psychiatric symptoms may respond well to pharmacotherapy, but neuropsychological deficits and dementia remain untreatable. Pharmacological intervention in the treatment of the movement disorder of HD is aimed at restoring the balance of neurotransmitters in the basal ganglia. A surprising amount of current drug therapy of HD in clinical practice is based on studies published before 1990. The authors conducted a systematic review of pharmacological therapy in HD using the available papers that were published between 1990 and 2006.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of a wheat seed storage protein reveals details of an unusual supersecondary structure. (1991)

Scanning tunneling microscopy has been used to demonstrate that a spiral structure based on beta-reverse turns is adopted by the repeat sequences present in a group of wheat gluten proteins. This structure is similar to the beta-spiral formed by a synthetic polypentapeptide based on a repeat sequence present in elastin. Wheat gluten and elastin are both elastomeric and it is possible that the spiral structure contributes to this property.
Efficient bone cutting with the novel diode pumped Er:YAG laser system: in vitro investigation and optimization of the treatment parameters (2014)

It is well known that flashlamp pumped Er:YAG lasers allow efficient bone ablation due to strong absorption at 3μm by water. Preliminary experiments revealed also a newly developed diode pumped Er:YAG laser system (Pantec Engineering AG) to be an efficient tool for use for bone surgery. The aim of the present in vitro study is the investigation of a new power increased version of the laser system with higher pulse energy and optimization of the treatment set-up to get high cutting quality, efficiency, and ablation depth. Optical simulations were performed to achieve various focus diameters and homogeneous beam profile. An appropriate experimental set-up with two different focusing units, a computer controlled linear stage with sample holder, and a shutter unit was realized. By this we are able to move the sample (slices of pig bone) with a defined velocity during the irradiation. Cutting was performed under appropriate water spray by moving the sample back and forth. After each path the ablation depth was measured and the focal plane was tracked to the actual bottom of the groove. Finally, the cuts were analyzed by light microcopy regarding the ablation quality and geometry, and thermal effects. In summary, the results show that with carefully adapted irradiation parameters narrow and deep cuts (ablation depth > 6mm, aspect ratio approx. 20) are possible without carbonization. In conclusion, these in vitro investigations demonstrate that high efficient bone cutting is possible with the diode pumped Er:YAG laser system using appropriate treatment set-up and parameters.
The septin Sept5/CDCrel-1 competes with α-SNAP for binding to the SNARE complex (2005)

SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor) proteins are supposed to mediate the docking and/or fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane. However, it is not clearly understood how this process is regulated. In a search for potential SNARE regulators, we recently identified septin 5 (Sept5) as a novel SNARE interacting protein. Septins were first identified as filamentous proteins required for cytokinesis in yeast. Several septins have now been identified in mammals but little is known about their functions. We have previously shown that Sept5 is predominantly expressed in the brain, where it associates with vesicles and membranes through its interaction with the SNARE domain of syntaxin 1A. Furthermore, Sept5 appears to inhibit exocytosis, possibly by regulating vesicle targeting and/or fusion events. To gain insight into the role of Sept5, we have mapped the Sept5 domains important for syntaxin binding. We also investigated the ability of Sept5 to bind to syntaxin when in various protein complexes. Although Sept5 cannot bind an nSec1-syntaxin complex, it can bind syntaxin in a SNARE complex. This interaction is occluded by the binding of alpha-SNAP, suggesting that Sept5 may regulate the availability of SNARE proteins through its interaction with syntaxin and the 7 S complex.
23.3 A 0-to-60V-Input V<sub>CM</sub> Coulomb Counter with Signal-Dependent Supply Current and ±0.5% Gain Inaccuracy from −50°C to 125°C (2020)

Most battery-powered systems require measurement of the battery's state of charge, (SOC). A straightforward way to determine SOC is to keep track of the current flowing in and out of a battery, a method known as coulomb counting. Compared to other methods such as voltage or impedance monitoring, coulomb counting is simple to implement, does not require complex algorithms and is independent of cell chemistry. However, coulomb counters must operate continuously and essentially integrate forever; traditionally, their relatively high power consumption (several tens of μA e.g. [1]-[3]) and susceptibility to drift in the presence of offset have prevented their more widespread use.
El derecho de admisión desde la perspectiva de la seguridad ciudadana y el orden público (2017)

Habitualmente se ha entendido el derecho de admision como una manifestacion de la mas pura discrecionalidad del que regenta algun tipo de local dedicado los espectaculos publicos o actividades de esparcimiento, o incluso como un requisito de acceso basado en los criterios mas sofisticados de clase condicion y linaje. No es ese el sentido que en la actualidad se interpreta del mismo, ya que junto a un indudable componente, consecuencia de la libertad de empresa, la legislacion de espectaculos publicos y actividades recreativas lo ha ligado a la seguridad y orden publico de los lugares en los que se desarrollan estas actividades, tanto en el acceso como en el desarrollo a las mismas. De esta manera, el titular u organizador de estos espectaculos publicos y actividades recreativas se convierte en el garante de la seguridad, higiene y tranquilidad de los que participan directa o indirectamente de dichas actividades, e incluso de aquellos que pudieran verse tan solo afectados por ellas.
Antibody to streptococcal cell wall peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers in seropositive and seronegative rheumatic disease. (1984)

An ELISA has been developed for serum antibodies to streptococcal cell wall peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers (PG-GSP). A significantly increased prevalence of serum anti-PG-GSP antibody was found in juvenile chronic arthritis and both seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA), compared with ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myeloma and healthy controls. Anti-PG-GSP antibody was always of the IgG class and there was no correlation of anti-PG-GSP levels with C reactive protein, rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-streptolysin O titres. There was no direct cross-reaction of RF with PG-GSP, nor did the presence of IgM-RF significantly interfere with the assay. Examination of paired serum and synovial fluid samples offered no evidence for local production of anti-PG-GSP antibody in synovial tissue. These data are compatible with an increased systemic immunization by bacterial fragments in RA.
Synergistic regulation of serotonin and opioid signaling contributes to pain insensitivity in Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 knockout mice (2017)

Genetic loss of the voltage-gated sodium channel Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 (Na<sub>v</sub>1.7<sup>-/-</sup>) results in lifelong insensitivity to pain in mice and humans. One underlying cause is an increase in the production of endogenous opioids in sensory neurons. We analyzed whether Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 deficiency altered nociceptive heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, such as initiated by GPCRs that respond to serotonin (pronociceptive) or opioids (antinociceptive), in sensory neurons. We found that the nociceptive neurons of Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 knockout (Na<sub>v</sub>1.7<sup>-/-</sup>) mice, but not those of Na<sub>v</sub>1.8 knockout (Na<sub>v</sub>1.8<sup>-/-</sup>) mice, exhibited decreased pronociceptive serotonergic signaling through the 5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptors, which are Gα<sub>s</sub>-coupled GPCRs that stimulate the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate resulting in protein kinase A (PKA) activity, as well as reduced abundance of the RIIβ regulatory subunit of PKA. Simultaneously, the efficacy of antinociceptive opioid signaling mediated by the Gα<sub>i</sub>-coupled mu opioid receptors was increased. Consequently, opioids inhibited more efficiently tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium currents, which are important for pain-initiating neuronal activity in nociceptive neurons. Thus, Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 controls the efficacy and balance of GPCR-mediated pro- and antinociceptive intracellular signaling, such that without Na<sub>v</sub>1.7, the balance is shifted toward antinociception, resulting in lifelong endogenous analgesia.
ULTRA WIDEBAND POWER DIVIDER USING TAPERED LINE (2010)

A power divider with ultra-wideband (UWB) performance has been designed. The quarter-wave transformer in the conventional Wilkinson power divider is replaced by an exponentially tapered microstrip line. Since the tapered line provides a consistent impedance transformation across all frequencies, very low amplitude ripple of 0.2dB peak-to-peak in the transmission coe-cient and superior input return loss better than 15dB are achieved over an ultra-wide bandwidth. Two additional resistors are added along the tapered line to improve the output return loss and isolation. Simulation performed using CST Microwave Studio and measured results conflrm the good performance of the proposed circuit. The return loss and the isolation between the output ports are better than 15dB across the band 2{ 10.2GHz. Standard ofi-the-shelf resistance values can be selected by optimizing the physical locations to mount the resistors. Better performance can be achieved with more isolation resistors added. Hence, the number of isolation resistors to be used may be selected based on the desired bandwidth and level of isolation and return loss speciflcations.
Plasma versus prothrombin complex concentrate for warfarin-associated major bleeding: a systematic review (2015)

To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of prothrombin complex concentrate and plasma for rapid correction of vitamin K antagonist-associated hemorrhagic emergency
Glass transition temperature of allyl methacrylate‐<i>n</i>‐butyl acrylate gradient copolymers in dependence on chemical composition and molecular weight (2007)

Abstract Glass transition temperatures ( T g s) of P(AMA‐ co ‐BA) copolymers and the corresponding homopolymers, where AMA is allyl methacrylate and BA is n ‐butyl acrylate, obtained by means of atom transfer radical polymerization were measured using differential scanning calorimetry. Because of the (pseudoliving) nature of this polymerization technique an increase in molecular weight (MW) is produced as the reaction progresses, which gives rise to an increase in T g s. This increment can be adequately described by the Fox–Flory's equation in both homopolymers. However, in the spontaneous gradient copolymers of P(AMA‐ co ‐BA), the expected increase in T g with the augment of the monomer conversion is compensated by the enrichment of BA as the polymerization reaction progresses. These opposite effects with respect to the T g values almost balance each other, and therefore no significant influence on the MW or on conversion is found. This fact establishes that T g s can be used to describe the profile of these gradient copolymers, and can be theoretically determined because of its dependence on the molar fraction in the copolymer. From this dependence on chemical composition along with the experimental behavior, a prediction of the T g variation with the MW was performed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1845–1855, 2007
Meldola Medal Lecture. Redox responsive macrocyclic receptor molecules containing transition metal redox centres (1989)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Volume phase transition behavior ofN-isopropyl acrylamide-N-cyanomethyl acrylamide copolymer gel particles: The effect of crosslinking density (1999)

We prepared submicron-sized N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPA)–N-cyanomethyl acrylamide (NCMA) copolymer gel particles by precipitation polymerization. Volume phase transition behaviors of gel particles with various compositions and crosslinking density were observed by using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The experimental data showed that both the volume transition temperature and the swelling ratio of copolymer gel particles were varied with the mole ratio of NCMA and NIPA. We compared the swelling behaviors of given systems with the thermodynamic model based on the extended Flory–Huggins theory. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1091–1099, 1999
DFT and Probabilistic Testability Analysis at RTL (2006)

This work presents probabilistic methods for testability analysis at RTL and their use to guide DFT techniques like partial-scan and TPI. Controllability is analyzed using three different approaches, an exact one, an approximated one that ignores the correlation between state variables and a third that only takes into account correlations within pre-defined groups that are formed based on an originally proposed heuristic that uses RTL information. These controllability analysis methods are evaluated using simulation based controllability as a reference. Two observability metrics are originally defined: event observability and LSA observability. The proposed testability analysis methods were implemented in a tool that takes as input a Verilog RTL description, solves the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations that describe the steady-state of the circuit, and outputs the computed values for the testability. A methodology for partial-scan and TPI optimization is proposed. The methodology is based on the testability metrics and on a "DFT dictionary". The proposed heuristic and methodology are evaluated using the ITC99 benchmark circuits
Immunization of foxes Vulpes vulpes by the oral and intramuscular routes with inactivated rabies vaccines. (1982)

Inactivated rabies vaccines prepared from common vaccine strains of virus were inoculated into foxes by the intramuscular and intestinal route. There were differences among the vaccines in the duration of antibody produced after intramuscular administration. Inactivated vaccines deposited directly into the lumen of the duodenum by means of a fiberscope caused seroconversion in some foxes, especially following a booster dose, but the antibodies produced were for the most part of short duration. The ERA modified live virus vaccine, in contrast, produced a satisfactory and long lasting antibody after intestinal instillation.
A distributed representation approach to group problem solving (1998)

This article develops a theoretical framework of distributed representations to explore the representational properties in group problem solving. The basic principle of distributed representations is that the representational system of a group problem solving task is distributed across the representations of individuals, which together represent the abstract structure of the task. The framework was used to analyze the distributed representation of the Waitress and Orange task. From this analysis, an experiment was designed to examine group problem solving behaviors under different distributed representations. The experiment shows that (1) different distributed representations across two individuals produced dramatically different group problem solving behaviors, even if they had the same abstract structure; and (2) two minds could be better than, not different from, or even worse than one mind, depending on how representations were distributed across the two minds. These results further support the interactionist view of group problem solving, which is that the interactions among individuals can produce group cognitive properties that can neither be reduced to, nor be inferred from, the cognitive properties of individuals. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Coronavirus Replication Does Not Require the Autophagy Gene<i>ATG5</i> (2007)

Macroautophagy (herein autophagy) is a cellular process, requiring ATG5, by which cells deliver double membrane-bound packets containing cytoplasm or cytoplasmic organelles to the lysosome. This process has been reported in some cases to be antiviral, while in other cases it has been reported to be required for efficient viral replication or release. A role for autophagy in RNA virus replication has been an attractive hypothesis because of the association of RNA virus replication with complex membrane rearrangements in the cytoplasm that can generate opposed double membranes. In this study we demonstrate that ATG5 is not required for murine hepatitis virus (MHV) replication n either bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMphi) lacking ATG5 by virtue of Crerecombinase ediated gene deletion or primary low passage murine ATG5(-/-) embryonic ibroblasts (pMEFs). We conclude that neither ATG5 nor an intact autophagic pathway re required for MHV replication or release.
A High-Resolution Nonvolatile Analog Memory Cell (1995)

A 3-transistor non-volatile analog storage cell with 14 bits effective resolution and rail-to-rail buffered voltage output is presented. The memory, which consists of charge stored on a MOS transistor floating gate, is written by means of hot-electron injection and erased by means of gate oxide tunneling. The circuit allows simultaneous memory reading and writing; by writing the memory under feedback control, errors due to oxide mismatch or trapping can be nearly eliminated, Small size and low power consumption make the cell especially attractive for use in analog neural networks. The cell is fabricated in a 2 μm n-well silicon Bi-CMOS process available from MOSIS.
Low temperature bonding for 3D integration &#x2014; A review of the surface activated bonding (SAB) (2012)

Advanced methods for low temperature bonding with surface activation and their development for 3D integration are reviewed. A new method for room temperature bonding is introduced, which can bond inorganic materials such as Si oxides, glass and sapphire to each other as well as to polymer films. The method is based on surface activated bonding (SAB) with some modifications including the formation of an Fe nano-adhesion layer accompanied by an additional Si intermediate layer formed by a special ion beam source. It was found that wafers of such materials can be bonded very strongly at room temperature without any heat treatment. The method can be applied also to polymer to polymer bonding without any organic adhesives.
Determining the Location of End-Gas Autoignition Using Ionization Probes Installed in the Head Gasket (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Ionization probes built into the head gasket and uniformly distributed around the cylinder bore of a knocking, spark-ignition engine have been used to locate the autoigniting end-gas region. As normal combustion evolves after spark ignition, the ionization probes individually respond to the arrival of the propagating flame. Then, when autoignition occurs, the probes located in the end-gas region respond in rapid succession. By utilizing pressure transducer measurements to determine when autoignition occurs, the ionization probe response becomes a means to locate the end-gas region. Knowledge of the location of the last ionization probe to detect the normal flame can then be used to infer where, within the end-gas region, autoignition first occurred.</div>
Structured Systems Analysis: Tools and Techniques (1977)

This valuable volume provides a practical technique for building a logical (non-physical) model of a commercial data processing system. It is extensively illustrated to provide graphic explanations of how systems fit together.
Forehead Stimulation Decreases Volume of the Infarction Triggered by Permanent Occlusion of Middle Cerebral Artery in Rats (2015)

Background: Universally present in animals diving response triggered by stimulation of the trigeminal nerve is known as “oxygen conserving reflex”. This powerful integrative response includes apnea, bradycardia, and blood flow redistribution targeted to protect the brain against hypoxia. We hypothesized that diving response triggered by forehead stimulation can be neuroprotective in rat. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, intubated, and artificially ventilated while blood gases and body temperature were maintained at physiologic levels. Arterial pressure, heart rate and temperature and in some cases, CBF were monitored. The forehead skin selectively was continuously selectively cooled or electrically stimulated for one hour. Middle cerebral artery was permanently occluded and infarction volume was determined 24 hours later. Results: Forehead cooling to +11 °C decreased infarction volume by 31% compared to control (58±14 mm3 vs. 87±12 mm3, corrected for edema, p<0.05). Electrical stimulation of the forehead decreased infarction volume by 65% (30±7 mm3 vs. 81±10 mm3 corrected for edema, p<0.01) while temporal muscle temperature remained unchanged. Blood gases, body temperatures were comparable in all groups. Forehead cooling alone triggered changes in arterial pressure and cerebral blood flow comparable to changes observed during diving response in rats. Conclusion: Stimulation, temperature or electrical, of the forehead in rats decreases volume of the infarction produced by permanent occlusion of middle cerebral artery. Diving response may have neuroprotective component, and its activation can be beneficial for brain protection.