gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase Kinases Are AMP-activated Protein Kinase Kinases (2005)

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of cellular metabolism in response to metabolic stress and to other regulatory signals. AMPK activity is absolutely dependent upon phosphorylation of AMPKalphaThr-172 in its activation loop by one or more AMPK kinases (AMPKKs). The tumor suppressor kinase, LKB1, is a major AMPKK present in a variety of tissues and cells, but several lines of evidence point to the existence of other AMPKKs. We have employed three cell lines deficient in LKB1 to study AMPK regulation and phosphorylation, HeLa, A549, and murine embryo fibroblasts derived from LKB(-/-) mice. In HeLa and A549 cells, mannitol, 2-deoxyglucose, and ionomycin, but not 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), treatment activates AMPK by alphaThr-172 phosphorylation. These responses, as well as the downstream effects of AMPK on the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, are largely inhibited by the Ca(2+)/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) inhibitor, STO-609. AMPKK activity in HeLa cell lysates measured in vitro is totally inhibited by STO-609 with an IC50 comparable with that of the known CaMKK isoforms, CaMKKalpha and CaMKKbeta. Furthermore, 2-deoxyglucose- and ionomycin-stimulated AMPK activity, alphaThr-172 phosphorylation, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation are substantially reduced in HeLa cells transfected with small interfering RNAs specific for CaMKKalpha and CaMKKbeta. Lastly, the activation of AMPK in response to ionomycin and 2-deoxyglucose is not impaired in LKB1(-/-) murine embryo fibroblasts. These data indicate that the CaMKKs function in intact cells as AMPKKs, predicting wider roles for these kinases in regulating AMPK activity in vivo.
Understanding the Chemistry of Dental Erosion (2006)

Dental erosion is caused by repeated short episodes of exposure to acids. Dental minerals are calcium-deficient, carbonated hydroxyapatites containing impurity ions such as Na(+), Mg(2+) and Cl(-). The rate of dissolution, which is crucial to the progression of erosion, is influenced by solubility and also by other factors. After outlining principles of solubility and acid dissolution, this chapter describes the factors related to the dental tissues on the one hand and to the erosive solution on the other. The impurities in the dental mineral introduce crystal strain and increase solubility, so dentine mineral is more soluble than enamel mineral and both are more soluble than hydroxyapatite. The considerable differences in structure and porosity between dentine and enamel influence interactions of the tissues with acid solutions, so the relative rates of dissolution do not necessarily reflect the respective solubilities. The rate of dissolution is further influenced strongly by physical factors (temperature, flow rate) and chemical factors (degree of saturation, presence of inhibitors, buffering, pH, fluoride). Temperature and flow rate, as determined by the method of consumption of a product, strongly influence erosion in vivo. The net effect of the solution factors determines the overall erosive potential of different products. Prospects for remineralization of erosive lesions are evaluated.
Noninvasive detection of neural progenitor cells in living brains by MRI (2011)

The presence of pericytes in brain regions undergoing repair is evident of the recruitment of bone marrow-derived multipotent regenerative cells to the neurovascular unit during angiogenesis. At present, post mortem sampling is the only way to identify them. Therefore, such cell typing is inadequate for preserving neural progenitor cells for any meaningful stem cell therapy. We aimed to target cerebral pericytes in vivo using dual gene transcript-targeted MRI (GT-tMRI) in male C57black6 mice after a 60-min bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO). We attached superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to phosphorothioate-modified micro-DNA that targets actin or nestin mRNA. Because BCAO compromises the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and induces expression of α-smooth muscle (αSM)-actin and nestin antigens by pericytes in new vessels, we delivered pericyte-specific magnetic resonance contrast agents (SPION-actin or SPION-nestin at 4 mg Fe/kg) by i.p. injection to C57black6 mice that had experienced BCAO. We demonstrated that the surge in cerebral iron content by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry matched the increase in the frequency of relaxivity. We also found that SPION-nestin was colocalized in αSM- actin- and nestin-expressing pericytes in BCAO-treated C57black6 or transgenic mice [B6.Cg-Tg(CAG-mRFP1) 1F1Hadj/J, expressing red fluorescent protein by actin promoter]. We identified pericytes in the repair patch in living brains after BCAO with a voxel size of 0.03 mm(3). The presence of electron-dense nanoparticles in vascular pericytes in the region of BBB injury led us to draw the conclusion that GT-tMRI can noninvasively reveal neural progenitor cells during vascularization.
<i>In Situ</i> Thickness Assessment During Ion Milling of a Free-Standing Membrane Using Transmission Helium Ion Microscopy (2013)

We describe a novel method for in situ measurement of the local thickness of a freely suspended solid-state membrane after thinning with a focused helium ion beam. The technique utilizes a custom stage for the helium ion microscope that allows the secondary electron detector used for normal imaging to collect information from ions transmitted through the sample. We find that relative brightness in the transmission image scales directly with the membrane thickness as determined by atomic force microscopy measurements.
IDEC-131. IDEC/Eisai. (2002)

IDEC, in collaboration with Eisai, is developing IDEC-131 (E6040), a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CD154, the ligand for CD40 also called CD40L or gp39, for the potential treatment of several autoimmune diseases. IDEC-131 is based on technology that IDEC licensed from Dartmouth Medical School where researchers demonstrated the biological effects of the anti-CD154 antibody in animal models of autoimmunity. In January 2001, phase II trials in psoriasis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were initiated. By january 2002, a phase II trial in Crohn's disease was also ongoing. A pilot, multicenter, multiple-dose phase I trial in moderate-to-severe psoriasis was initiated in January 2001. This trial was ongoing in January 2002. IDEC, in collaboration with Dartmouth Medical School had also initiated a phase I trial in multiple sclerosis by March 1999. IDEC-131 was also previously being developed for systemic lupus ezythematosus (SLE), although no further development for this indication has been reported since the disclosure of disappointing phase II results in April 2000. Analysts at Morgan Stanley predicted in February 2002, that the product would be launched in 2005, with sales of US $25 million, rising to US $75 million in 2006.
The Adsorption of Cations by Anionic Foams (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Adsorption of Cations by Anionic FoamsCheves Walling, Edgar E. Ruff, and James L. Thornton Jr.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 4, 486–489Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150550a024https://doi.org/10.1021/j150550a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Smart Tissue Anastomosis Robot (STAR): Accuracy evaluation for supervisory suturing using near-infrared fluorescent markers (2014)

This paper specifies and evaluates the accuracy of the Smart Tissue Anastomosis Robot (STAR). The STAR is a proof of concept vision-guided robotic system equipped with an actuated laparoscopic suturing tool and a multispectral vision system. The STAR supports image-based suturing commands and is capable of detecting near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) markers that provide reliable visual segmentation and tracking. The paper reports the best case scenario accuracy specifications of the STAR as derived from its configuration and calibration parameters. We also evaluate experimentally the effects of overlaying NIRF markers on the accuracy of the STAR when these markers are used as the source of image-based commands and we compare these results to the accuracy of the STAR with image-based commands generated from plain color images. Our results demonstrate that the STAR is able to place sutures on a planar phantom with an average accuracy of 0.5 mm with a standard deviation of 0.2 mm and that NIRF markers have no statistically significant adverse effect on the accuracy.
Acute ischaemic stroke: part II. The vertebrobasilar circulation. (2000)

An acute ischaemic stroke in the distribution of the vertebrobasilar circulation requires aspirin 150-300 mg daily and management in an acute stroke unit. Intra-arterial or intravenous thrombolytic therapy and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or stents to improve cerebral blood flow (even up to 24 hours after the event) have been reported to be beneficial in selected cases.
Contextual Variation of the Vowel Voice Source as a Function of Adjacent Consonants (1993)

The contextual effects of voiced/voiceless stops on the voice source of an adjacent vowel were examined for the first vowel in 'CVCV utterances in German, English, Swedish, French, and Italian. The principal analysis technique involved interactive inverse filtering and parameterisation of the glottal waveform in terms of a four-parameter voice source model (the LF-model). This analysis procedure was supplemented by measures from narrow-band spectral sections of the speech output and by oral airflow recordings which allow inferences about the relative timing of glottal and supraglottal gestures. Results indicated that the voiced/voiceless nature of the consonant does yield differences in the voice source of the vowel. The most striking effects were found in the context of voiceless consonants, and cross-language differences did emerge in terms of directionality and degree. Extensive anticipatory effects were found for Swedish and for some speakers of English. Preceding the voiceless stop the vowel becomes increasingly breathy-voiced, and it would appear that the glottal abduction gesture is anticipated very early in the course of the vowel. Italian exhibited a similar tendency, though to a considerably lesser degree. The German data, on the other hand, showed certain strong carryover effects: Following the voiceless aspirated stop there was extensive breathy voicing. French showed little contextual variation in either direction. Rather surprisingly, the observed effects were not directly correlated with, or predictable from, the phonetic categories involved (voiced, voiceless unaspirated, and voiceless postaspirated). These results yield insights into the control parameters which may be involved in regulating voicing oppositions in these languages. Whereas the anticipatory effects observed might be consistent with a "timing" model of glottal control, the carryover effects cannot be explained in terms of timing alone and suggest that differences in tension settings of the laryngeal musculature may also be implicated.
Assignment and scheduling communicating periodic tasks in distributed real-time systems (1997)

Presents an optimal solution to the problem of allocating communicating periodic tasks to heterogeneous processing nodes (PNs) in a distributed real-time system. The solution is optimal in the sense of minimizing the maximum normalized task response time, called the system hazard, subject to the precedence constraints resulting from intercommunication among the tasks to be allocated. Minimization of the system hazard ensures that the solution algorithm allocates tasks so as to meet all task deadlines under an optimal schedule, whenever such an allocation exists. The task system is modeled with a task graph (TG), in which computation and communication modules, communication delays and intertask precedence constraints are clearly described. Tasks described by this TG are assigned to PNs by using a branch-and-bound (B&B) search algorithm. The algorithm traverses a search tree whose leaves correspond to potential solutions to the task allocation problem. We use a bounding method that prunes, in polynomial time, nonleaf vertices that cannot lead to an optimal solution, while ensuring that the search path leading to an optimal solution will never be pruned. For each generated leaf vertex, we compute the exact cost using the algorithm developed by Peng and Shin (1993). The lowest-cost leaf vertex (one with the least system hazard) represents an optimal task allocation. Computational experiences and examples are provided to demonstrate the concept, utility and power of the proposed approach.
Measuring real-world accuracies and biases in modeling password guessability (2015)

Parameterized password guessability—how many guesses a particular cracking algorithm with particular training data would take to guess a password—has become a common metric of password security. Unlike statistical metrics, it aims to model real-world attackers and to provide per-password strength estimates. We investigate how cracking approaches often used by researchers compare to real-world cracking by profes-sionals, as well as how the choice of approach biases research conclusions. We find that semi-automated cracking by profession-als outperforms popular fully automated approaches, but can be approximated by combining multiple such ap-proaches. These approaches are only effective, however, with careful configuration and tuning; in commonly used default configurations, they underestimate the real-world guessability of passwords. We find that analyses of large password sets are often robust to the algorithm used for guessing as long as it is configured effectively. However, cracking algorithms differ systematically in their effec-tiveness guessing passwords with certain common fea-tures (e.g., character substitutions). This has important implications for analyzing the security of specific pass-word characteristics or of individual passwords (e.g., in a password meter or security audit). Our results highlight the danger of relying only on a single cracking algorithm as a measure of password strength and constitute the first scientific evidence that automated guessing can often ap-proximate guessing by professionals. 1
Storage cell with dissoluble negative line electrodes. [means for vibrating anodes and stirring Zn oxide deposit on bottom of battery] (1975)

The battery described consists of Zn anodes, perforated separators, and cathodes of Ni or Ag oxides or air-depolarized electrodes in an electrolyte-filled jar. The Zn anodes can be vibrated to compact the deposit of spongy Zn formed during charging. The battery is designed in such a way that the zinc oxide-containing deposit at the bottom of the battery can be stirred to promote its solution. (RWR)
Algorithmic Control in Platform Food Delivery Work (2019)

Building on an emerging literature concerning algorithmic management, this article analyzes the processes by which food delivery platforms control workers and uncovers variation in the extent to which such platforms constrain the freedoms—over schedules and activities—associated with gig work. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 55 respondents working on food delivery platforms, as well as a survey of 955 platform food delivery workers, we find that although all of the food delivery platforms use algorithmic management to assign and evaluate work, there is significant cross-platform variation. Instacart, the largest grocery delivery platform, exerts a type of control we call “algorithmic despotism,” regulating the time and activities of workers more stringently than other platform delivery companies. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the spectrum of algorithmic control for the future of work.
Stabilities of Metal Complexes of Phospholipids: Ca(II), Mg(II), and Ni(II) Complexes of Phosphatidylserine and Triphosphoinositide<sup>*</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStabilities of Metal Complexes of Phospholipids: Ca(II), Mg(II), and Ni(II) Complexes of Phosphatidylserine and Triphosphoinositide*H. Stewart Hendrickson and J. G. FullingtonCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 8, 1599–1605Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00884a021https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00884a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views313Altmetric-Citations147LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient network selection using game theory in a heterogeneous wireless network (2015)

In a heterogeneous wireless network, multiple networks are available to provide seamless connectivity. In this environment, the terminal has the ability to connect to most efficient network as per users requirements. This is known as network selection. This selection is done by assigning weightage to network attributes on the basis of users preference. In this paper, selection of network is done using Evolutionary and Bankruptcy Game Model. This simulation is done for conversational and background traffic class. Simulation results of score obtained in case of available WIMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), and UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) environment is used for the selection of a network. The selection using Evolutionary Game and Bankruptcy Game Model is done at user terminal side and network operator side respectively. Therefore, Game theory proves to be useful for network selection in fifth generation of wireless network.
Fluoroquinolone Antimicrobial Agents (1991)

THE introduction of fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents (Fig. 1) into clinical use is an important recent advance.1-3 These drugs, also called quinolones, include norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, and pefloxacin. Of these, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin have been approved for use in the United States. Quinolones are orally absorbed, are potent in vitro against a broad spectrum of bacterial species, and have favorable pharmacokinetic properties. We shall evaluate here the current status of the quinolones, considering mechanisms of action and resistance, activity in vitro, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and clinical uses. A discussion of the structure-activity relations of the quinolones . . .
Hybrid time-delay/phase-shift digital beamforming for uniform collinear arrays (1984)

Digital phase-shift beamforming of narrow-band signals from uniform collinear hydrophone arrays may be accomplished by computationally efficient discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithms. However, phase-shift beamforming is a valid approximation to delay-and-sum steering only over a restricted bandwidth limited by array aperture and steering angle. A multiple-beam digital beamforming technique is described which is a hybrid of phase-shift and time-delay operations designed for bandwidths in excess of the phase-shift limit. The beamformer employs fast DFTs for phase-shifting, organized according to a particular decomposition of the array into subarrays, plus a limited amount of delay steering by interpolation. The result is a substantial reduction in the number of digital arithmetic operations compared with the alternative of delay-and-sum steering by interpolation. The design principles of the hybrid beamformer are described and an example presented to illustrate its computational advantages.
Magnetic microspheres as drug carriers: factors influencing localization at different anatomical sites in rats. (1983)

Factors of practical expediency influencing magnetic fixation of circulating microspheres, known to be capable of carrying therapeutically effective drugs, were studied in three different anatomic sites in rats: the tail, the hind leg, and the head (including both soft tissues and brain). Specific localization of magnetic microspheres was achieved at these three sites, but only with varying degrees of success. Specific targeting of the microspheres within brain tissue could not be accomplished. Factors influencing and tending to restrict specific retention of circulating microspheres by an external magnetic force include: complex vasculature networks, subsurface depth, and tissue-vascular barriers. Even with magnets producing high magnetic field gradients, effective localization of microspheres would appear to be restricted to tissues relatively close to body surfaces.