gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Sensitive Enzyme Immunoassay of Human Interferon-β1 (1989)

A highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human interferon-beta 1 (HuIFN-beta 1) was developed. HuIFN-beta 1-containing samples and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled mouse anti-HuIFN-beta 1 monoclonal antibody (Fab') were incubated overnight at 2-10 degrees C in the wells of a 96-well microtiter plate, onto which affinity-purified rabbit anti-HuIFN-beta 1 polyclonal antibody was coated. The EIA was able to detect 0.5 IU/ml of HuIFN-beta 1, thus showing higher sensitivity than bioassay. The values obtained by the EIA closely paralleled those obtained by bioassay in the concentration which bioassay can detect. In order to detect the concentration below 0.5 IU/ml of HuIFN-beta 1, the avidin/biotin-amplified EIA was also developed. The use of biotinylated mouse anti-HuIFN-beta 1 monoclonal antibody (F(ab')2) and HRP-avidin in the EIA made it possible to detect 0.1 IU/ml of HuIFN-beta 1. These EIAs were applied for the studies such as process control of HuIFN-beta 1 production, pharmacokinetics of HuIFN-beta 1, and determination of serum level of HuIFN-beta 1 in healthy subjects.
위기에 대처하는 정당의 이미지 회복 전략 분석: 16대 불법 대선 자금 사건에 대한 수사학적 접근 (2004)

위기 상황에서 어떤 커뮤니케이션 전략을 사용하는가는 개인 또는 조직의 이미지와 명성, 그리고 흥망을 좌우할 만큼 중요하다. 이에 이 연구는 16대 불법 대선 자금 사건을 중심으로 위기에 대처하는 정당의 커뮤니케이션 대응을 베노이트의 이미지 회복 전략 차원에 서 분석해 보았다. 연구 결과 우리나라 정당은 불법 대선 자금 사건이라는 조직의 책임성 소재가 높은 위기를 맞아 `비난자 공격 전략`이나 `단순 부인 전략,` `침묵 전략`과 같이 조직의 책임이 낮은 경우에 사용되는 커뮤니케이션 전략을 사용하고 있었다. 구체적으로 여야당에 따라서 여당은 `단순 부인 전략`과 `굴욕 전략`을, 야당은 `비난자 공격 전략`과 `단순 부인 전략`을 가장 많이 사용하고 있었다. 조직 내 위치에 따라 여당은 당원이나 당 대표가 힘을 합해 위기를 관리하고 있었고, 반면 야당은 당원과 당 대표가 서로 책임을 떠넘기는 양상을 보였다. 위기 단계에 따라 여당은 전체적으로 `굴욕 전략`을 일관되게 사용하면서 `단순 부인 전략,` `비난자 공격 전략,` `침묵 전략,` `굴욕 전략,` `좋은 의도 전략,` `수정 행위 전략`을 적절히 사용하였으며, 야당은 `비난자 공격 전략`을 시종일관 견지하면서 `단순 부인 전략,` `침묵 전략,` `책임 전가 전략,` `굴욕 전략` 순으로 사용하였다. 결과적으로 우리나라 정치인 및 정당의 이미지 회복에 대한 전략적 선택은 위기의 본질 및 책임성 자체를 심각하게 인식하지 못한 채, 위기에 대응했다기보다는 위기로부터 단발적으로 도피하거나 책임의 소재를 외부화하려는 무책임한 자세로 상황에 대처해 나가고 있었다. 후속 연구에서는 위의 분석을 즘 더 보편적인 상황에 적용할 수 있는 일반화된 위기 대응 전략 모델의 개발을 기대해 본다.
Torsional Vibration Control of a Shaft Through Active Constrained Layer Damping Treatments (1997)

This paper proposes a hybrid damping design to control torsional vibration of a shaft with a circular cross section through use of actively constrained layer (ACL) damping treatments proposed by Baz (1993) and Shen (1993, 1994a). The ACL damping treatment consists of a piezoelectric constraining layer and a viscoelastic shear layer wrapping around the shaft in the form of a helix. In addition, the angular displacement of the shaft is fed back to regulate the helical motion of the piezoelectric constraining layer. The equation of motion of this design is derived, and its stability and controllability are discussed. Finally, numerical examples show that this ACL design can reduce torsional vibration of a shaft. A sensitivity analysis shows that ACL is most effective in suppressing those modes with significant torsional vibration response. Stability, in general, is not a critical factor in designing ACL systems, because the piezoelectric strain of the constraining layer at the threshold of instability is too large to occur.
A Comparative Study of Visual and Photoelectric Timing of Occultations (1971)

The timing of occultations of stars by the Moon provide data for the following studies: (a) Lunar theory - Constants and secular changes of its orbit. (b) Fundamental star systems - Systematic corrections to equinox and obliquity; individual star corrections. (c) Rotation of Earth - Comparison of atomic and ephemeris time scales. With these applications in mind we consider the analysis of the [O-C]’s from occultations.
A study on high speed data communication system using ATM (2002)

The authors discuss different ways of offering connectionless service in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. They examine two alternatives for offering connectionless communication. One is the indirect offering method and the other is the direct method. The layout and configuration of CLSF (connectionless service function) in the network that are required by the direct offering method are examined. An arrangement of CLSF in the network is proposed. The elements of CLSF and the allocation of CLSF functions on the ATM switching system are considered. Based on these discussions, the architecture of the CLSF is proposed using cell-based processing, instead of message-based processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Summing up the Risk:Benefit Equation (1996)

Presented at the North American Menopause Society Colloquium on Long-Term Hormone Replacement Therapy: Balancing the Risk:Benefit Equation. San Francisco. California. U.S.A., September 20, 1995.
<i>In vivo</i> visualization of myelin water in brain by magnetic resonance (1994)

We exploit the intrinsic difference in magnetic resonance spin-spin relaxation time, T2, between water associated with myelin sheaths and water in other central nervous system tissue in order to measure myelin water content within any region of an image or to generate indirectly a myelin map of the brain. In normal volunteers, myelin water maps give the expected myelin distribution. In multiple sclerosis patients, lesions exhibit different myelin water contents providing insight into the demyelination process unavailable from conventional magnetic resonance images. In vivo myelin measurement has important applications in the clinical management of multiple sclerosis and other white matter diseases.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Men with Sexually Transmitted Diseases (1988)

Heterosexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) appears to occur readily in Africa but less commonly in North America and Europe. We conducted a case-control study among men attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases in Nairobi to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and the risk factors involved. HIV antibody was detected in 11.2 percent of 340 men who enrolled in the study. Reports of nonvaginal heterosexual intercourse and homosexuality were notably rare. Recent injections and blood transfusions were not associated with HIV infection. Travel and frequent contact with prostitutes were associated with HIV seropositivity. Men who were uncircumcised were more likely to have HIV infection (odds ratio, 2.7; P = 0.003), as were those who reported a history of genital ulcers (odds ratio, 7.2; P less than 0.001). A current diagnosis of genital ulcers was also associated with HIV seropositivity (odds ratio, 2.0; P = 0.028). Multivariate analysis revealed an independent association of genital ulcers with HIV infection in both circumcised and uncircumcised men. Uncircumcised men were more frequently infected with HIV, regardless of a history of genital ulcers. Our study finds that genital ulcers and an intact foreskin are associated with HIV infection in men with a sexually transmitted disease. Genital ulcers may increase men's susceptibility to HIV, or they may increase the infectivity of women infected with HIV. The intact foreskin may operate to increase the susceptibility to HIV.
Use of Data Comm by Flight Crew in High-Density Terminal Areas (2010)

This paper describes a collaborative FAA and NASA experiment using 22 commercial airline pilots to determine the effect of using Datalink Communication (Data Comm) to issue messages in busy, terminal area operations. Four conditions were defined that span current day to future flight deck equipage levels (voice communication only, Data Comm only, Data Comm with Moving Map Display, Data Comm with Moving Map displaying taxi route), and each condition was used to create an arrival and a departure scenario at the Boston Logan Airport. These eight scenarios were repeated twice for a total of 16 scenarios for each of the eleven crews. Quantitative data was collected on subject reaction time and eye tracking information. Questionnaires collected subjective feedback on workload and acceptability to the flight crew for using Data Comm in a busy terminal area. 95% of the Data Comm messages were responded to by the flight crew within one minute; however, post experiment debrief comments revealed almost unanimous consensus that two minutes was a reasonable expectation for crew response. Eye tracking data indicated an insignificant decrease in head-up time for the Pilot Flying when Data Comm was introduced; however, the Pilot Monitoring had significantly less head-up time. Data Comm workload was rated as operationally acceptable by both crew members in all conditions in flight at any altitude above the Final Approach Fix in terms of response time and workload. Results also indicate the use of Data Comm during surface operations was acceptable, the exception being the simultaneous use of voice, Data Comm, and audio chime required for an aircraft to cross an active runway. Many crews reported they believed Data Comm messages would be acceptable after the Final Approach Fix or to cross a runway if the message was not accompanied by a chime and there was not a requirement to immediately respond to the uplink message.
A Secure and Practical Authentication Scheme Using Personal Devices (2017)

Authentication plays a critical role in securing any online banking system, and many banks and various services have long relied on username/password combos to verify users. Memorizing usernames and passwords for a lot of accounts becomes a cumbersome and inefficient task. Furthermore, legacy authentication methods have failed over and over, and they are not immune against a wide variety of attacks that can be launched against users, networks, or authentication servers. Over the years, data breach reports emphasize that attackers have created numerous high-tech techniques to steal users' credentials, which can pose a serious threat. In this paper, we propose an efficient and practical user authentication scheme using personal devices that utilize different cryptographic primitives, such as encryption, digital signature, and hashing. The technique benefits from the widespread usage of ubiquitous computing and various intelligent portable and wearable devices that can enable users to execute a secure authentication protocol. Our proposed scheme does not require an authentication server to maintain static username and password tables for identifying and verifying the legitimacy of the login users. It not only is secure against password-related attacks, but also can resist replay attacks, shoulder-surfing attacks, phishing attacks, and data breach incidents.
Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> / SiO<inf>2</inf> passivation layer on InP for optimization of the 1.55&#x03BC;m MQW FP laser performance (2009)

The importance of the passivation in semiconductor surfaces as chemical passivation, electrical passivation and leakage current blockage is studied. Simulation of the multiple quantum well Fabry-Perot laser diode with passivation layer is done by making the assumption that the passivation interface has an ideal surface condition. The simulation model included the heat flow condition in the passivation interface. The simulation results are in good agreement with experiment. Threshold current as low as 21 mA is achieved with 1.8 um Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> passivation layer. It is found that Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> passivation layer improve the laser diode performance compare to SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> passivation. Thicker passivation help in prevention of the leakage current.
Transcript profiling in <i>Candida albicans</i> reveals new cellular functions for the transcriptional repressors CaTup1, CaMig1 and CaNrg1 (2001)

The pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans contains homologues of the transcriptional repressors ScTup1, ScMig1 and ScNrg1 found in budding yeast. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ScMig1 targets the ScTup1/ScSsn6 complex to the promoters of glucose repressed genes to repress their transcription. ScNrg1 is thought to act in a similar manner at other promoters. We have examined the roles of their homologues in C. albicans by transcript profiling with an array containing 2002 genes, representing about one quarter of the predicted number of open reading frames (ORFs) in C. albicans. The data revealed that CaNrg1 and CaTup1 regulate a different set of C. albicans genes from CaMig1 and CaTup1. This is consistent with the idea that CaMig1 and CaNrg1 target the CaTup1 repressor to specific subsets of C. albicans genes. However, CaMig1 and CaNrg1 repress other C. albicans genes in a CaTup1-independent fashion. The targets of CaMig1 and CaNrg1 repression, and phenotypic analyses of nrg1/nrg1 and mig1/mig1 mutants, indicate that these factors play differential roles in the regulation of metabolism, cellular morphogenesis and stress responses. Hence, the data provide important information both about the modes of action of these transcriptional regulators and their cellular roles. The transcript profiling data are available at http://www.pasteur.fr/recherche/unites/RIF/transcriptdata/.
What is the Distribution of “Curable-duration” of Gastric Cancer? (1992)

We defined curable-duration of gastric cancer as the duration during which a gastric cancer is detectable by screening by contrasted indirect roentogenography and is also curable by therapy, and estimated its distribution using data from a group consisting of 66, 386 employees. The total of observed person-years was 179, 204. The distribution of curable-duration was shown to be M-shaped ; the two peaks were at under 1 year and over 4 years.Consequently it was concluded that one should attend screening by contrasted indirect roentogenography at an interval of 2 or 3 years, and that this will make the screening programs more efficient. J Epidemiol, 1992; 2 : 69-73.
Aliphatic β-Nitroalcohols for Therapeutic Corneoscleral Cross-linking: Chemical Mechanisms and Higher Order Nitroalcohols (2010)

BNAs function as both formaldehyde and nitrite donors under physiologic conditions to cross-link collagenous tissue. Higher order BNAs are more effective than mono nitroalcohols, raising the possibility of using these agents for therapeutic corneoscleral cross-linking.
Formaldehyde at Low Concentration Induces Protein Tau into Globular Amyloid-Like Aggregates In Vitro and In Vivo (2007)

Recent studies have shown that neurodegeneration is closely related to misfolding and aggregation of neuronal tau. Our previous results show that neuronal tau aggregates in formaldehyde solution and that aggregated tau induces apoptosis of SH-SY5Y and hippocampal cells. In the present study, based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation, we have found that formaldehyde at low concentrations induces tau polymerization whilst acetaldehyde does not. Neuronal tau misfolds and aggregates into globular-like polymers in 0.01-0.1% formaldehyde solutions. Apart from globular-like aggregation, no fibrillike polymerization was observed when the protein was incubated with formaldehyde for 15 days. SDS-PAGE results also exhibit tau polymerizing in the presence of formaldehyde. Under the same experimental conditions, polymerization of bovine serum albumin (BSA) or a-synuclein was not markedly detected. Kinetic study shows that tau significantly misfolds and polymerizes in 60 minutes in 0.1% formaldehyde solution. However, presence of 10% methanol prevents protein tau from polymerization. This suggests that formaldehyde polymerization is involved in tau aggregation. Such aggregation process is probably linked to the tau's special ''worm-like'' structure, which leaves the e-amino groups of Lys and thiol groups of Cys exposed to the exterior. Such a structure can easily bond to formaldehyde molecules in vitro and in vivo. Polymerizing of formaldehyde itself results in aggregation of protein tau. Immunocytochemistry and thioflavin S staining of both endogenous and exogenous tau in the presence of formaldehyde at low concentrations in the cell culture have shown that formaldehyde can induce tau into amyloid-like aggregates in vivo during apoptosis. The significant protein tau aggregation induced by formaldehyde and the severe toxicity of the aggregated tau to neural cells may suggest that toxicity of methanol and formaldehyde ingestion is related to tau misfolding and aggregation.
Electrical reliability of tunneling magnetoresistive read heads (2003)

The electrical reliability of tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) read heads has been studied in terms of dielectric breakdown characteristics of tunnel barrier and electrical failures under constant biasing current. The TMR read heads showed both “intrinsic breakdown” characteristics, which is caused by the high electric field, and “extrinsic breakdown” characteristics, which is caused by defects or pinhole-induced breakdown especially in a very thin dielectric layer. The dielectric breakdown voltage (Vbd) of real TMR read head is revealed to be strongly dependent on the duration of the applied voltage step (or applied voltage ramping speed), the initial junction resistance (R×A, A: Junction area) related to pinholes in a dielectric tunnel barrier, the tunnel barrier thickness, the ambient substrate temperature during breakdown test, and the applied voltage polarities. Different from typical metallic giant magnetoresistive spin-valve read heads, TMR read heads have a weaker reliability on sensing current density and exhibit two types of electrical failures: (1) Electrical short induced by tunnel barrier breakdown, and (2) electrical open induced by possible void formation in the metallic layers, which are used for free and pinned layers in exchange biased TMR read heads. The quasi-static transfer curves of head gimble assemble TMR read head was measured under various biasing currents. Transfer curve exhibited a strong dependence on the number of measurements above the threshold bias current, which is considered to be due to the current-induced voltage breakdown in the tunnel barrier.
Autoreactive responses to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (2000)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease characterised by immune-mediated destruction of the biliary epithelial cells (BEC) lining the intrahepatic bile ducts (non-suppurative destructive cholangitis (NSDC)). Autoantibody and autoreactive T-cell responses specific for the self-antigen pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) are almost ubiquitous in PBC patients, leading to the view that the disease has an autoimmune aetiology. Autoreactive responses in PBC appear to be directed at the E2 and at the E3-binding protein (E3BP) (protein X) components of PDC, with the dominant B-cell and T-cell epitopes in E2 (fewer data are available for E3BP) spanning the inner (of two) lipoic acid-binding domains. The causal link between the breakdown of self-tolerance to PDC (particularly at the T-cell level) and the development of NSDC has been emphasised by the demonstration, in a murine model (experimental autoimmune cholangitis), that sensitisation with PDC of mammalian origin results in a breakdown of both B-cell and T-cell tolerance to murine PDC accompanied by the development of NSDC. An increasing understanding of the role played by PDC-specific autoreactive T cells in the pathogenesis of PBC has led us to examine the role played by the target cells in PBC (BEC) in both the inducer and effector mechanisms responsible for PBC.
Incremental synthesis for engineering changes (2002)

The problem of rectifying design incorrectness due to specification changes as well as design errors of VLSI circuits is formulated and a basic approach using logic synthesis techniques is presented. An efficient approach is presented for rectifying the functional incorrectness by attaching circuitry exterior to the original design. A necessary and sufficient condition for full rectification of the design is provided. It is shown that the proposed approach always succeeds in the rectification of arbitrary combinational circuits. The situation where rectification arises in a practical design process is briefly reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Understanding Intra-Class Knowledge Inside CNN (2015)

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been successful in image recognition tasks, and recent works shed lights on how CNN separates different classes with the learned inter-class knowledge through visualization. In this work, we instead visualize the intra-class knowledge inside CNN to better understand how an object class is represented in the fully-connected layers. To invert the intra-class knowledge into more interpretable images, we propose a non-parametric patch prior upon previous CNN visualization models. With it, we show how different "styles" of templates for an object class are organized by CNN in terms of location and content, and represented in a hierarchical and ensemble way. Moreover, such intra-class knowledge can be used in many interesting applications, e.g. style-based image retrieval and style-based object completion.
Policy-based Management of an E-commerce Business Simulation: An Experimental Study (2006)

Autonomic Computing lays out a vision of information technology in which systems manage themselves based on policies. As a result, policies are the new currency of interaction between people and computers, creating a new paradigm for interaction with autonomic systems. In this paradigm, interaction shifts (1) from low-level to high-level monitoring and control and (2) from manually performing actions to delegating tasks to automation. In this paper, we report an experimental study comparing and contrasting manual interaction to policy-based interaction to manage a simulated e-commerce website. In this study, we investigated issues related to human expertise and policy representation. Our results suggest that effective policy-based interaction depends both on the level of detail of the policies and on the experience of the system supervisor. Our results show an overall benefit of policy-based interaction, as measured by business and technology-oriented metrics. Performance was significantly better with policy-based interaction following expertise gained through manual interaction. Performance with manual interaction was marginally worse after policy-based interaction, suggesting the classic out-of-the-loop problem. In addition, highly detailed policy representations marginally improved performance for technology-oriented metrics but did not yield significant differences for business-oriented metrics.
E-T based statistical modeling and compact statistical circuit simulation methodologies (2002)

A new statistical parameter extraction methodology which translates actual process variations into SPICE model parameter variations is presented. This methodology uses E-T data to extract SPICE model parameters and guarantees that its extraction results match measured variations. We have applied this methodology to an industrial 0.5 /spl mu/m process. Excellent, overall I-V curve fit for multiple device geometries is achieved. A compact statistical circuit design technology that improves upon the typical/worst/best case methodology is also presented.