gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Managing Crowds with Wireless and Mobile Technologies (2018)

Thousands of people have lost their lives in stampedes and other crowd related disasters in recent years. Most of these fatalities seem to have been caused by poor control and management of crowds, which is discussed in this article. An efficient and effective crowd management system must also have a plan to deal with the ongoing threat of terrorism and outbreak of various kinds of communicable diseases. In this article, we present a framework of a Crowd Control and Health Management System specially designed to prevent and manage stampedes and other disasters. The system has two subsystems; one for dealing with the management of stampedes and other disasters and the other with healthcare management. As part of the proposed system, an algorithm for an early detection of stampedes, with proof and simulation of implementation, is provided. As part of the healthcare management subsystem, we integrate several mobile applications and develop four of them dealing with relief issues, blood donations, complaints and alerts, and utilizing mobile phones as a sensor device. Our system makes use of various kinds of wireless, mobile, and other technologies and tools including Fog Computing, Smart Phones, Smart Digital Street, IP‐Cameras, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Voice Alarm, Light Alarm, and Global Positioning System (GPS). We compare merits and effectiveness of RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), as well as those of Cloud and Fog with a view of using them as part of the proposed framework. We also discuss applications of our systems in real‐life cases of Hajj, an annual pilgrimage of millions of people to Mecca, and Kumbh Mela, a periodic gathering of tens of millions of people in India, both of which have accounted for the majority of fatalities in stampedes and other disasters.
Synthesis of Glycoconjugate Vaccines against <i>Shigella dysenteriae</i> Type 1 (1998)

Syntheses of a hexadecasaccharide and smaller fragments corresponding to one-four repeating units of the O-specific polysaccharide of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 are reported in a reactive aglycon-linked from. Two tetrasaccharide donor/acceptor repeating units were assembled from monosaccharide precursors in a stepwise fashion and used in a linear, iterative manner to construct the higher-membered saccharides using Schmidt's glycosylation technique that proved superior to others tested. Single-point attachment of the saccharides to human serum albumin, using a secondary heterobifunctional spacer, afforded a range of glycoconjugates for a detailed evaluation of their immunological characteristics.
MOD silver metallization for photovoltaics (1984)

Photovoltaic cells require back side metallization and a collector grid system on the front surface. Both front and back surface metallizations should have good adhesion, low contact resistance, low sheet resistance, long term stability, and their deposition methods should not degrade the n-p junction. Advantages and disadvantages of different deposition methods are discussed.
Normas para la presentación de originales. Agradecimientos asesores (2009)

los anexos.
Self-folding with shape memory composites (2013)

Origami-inspired manufacturing can produce complex structures and machines by folding two-dimensional composites into three-dimensional structures. This fabrication technique is potentially less expensive, faster, and easier to transport than more traditional machining methods, including 3-D printing. Self-folding enhances this method by minimizing the manual labor involved in folding, allowing for complex geometries and enabling remote or automated assembly. This paper demonstrates a novel method of self-folding hinges using shape memory polymers (SMPs), paper, and resistive circuits to achieve localized and individually addressable folding at low cost. A model for the torque exerted by these composites was developed and validated against experimental data, in order to determine design rules for selecting materials and designing hinges. Torque was shown to increase with SMP thickness, resistive circuit width, and supplied electrical current. This technique was shown to be capable of complex geometries, as well as locking assemblies with sequential folds. Its functionality and low cost make it an ideal basis for a new type of printable manufacturing based on two-dimensional fabrication techniques.
A Novel and Cost-Effective Clay Control Approach in Water-Sensitive Sandstone Gas Reservoir of Saudi Arabia During Proppant Fracturing Treatment (2013)

Abstract Clay swelling, dispersion and migration due to water-sensitive clay minerals in the producing formation can substantially reduce rock and retained proppant permeability resulting in reduced well productivity. The effects of water-based fracturing fluids in water-sensitive formations have been extensively investigated which led to development of different types of clay stabilizers based on type of clays, bottomhole temperature, and clay protection time. The use of KCl or NaCl brine up to concentration of 6% is well known clay stabilizing method for swellable and migratory clays during the stimulation treatment. However, using high salt content brines have some limitations and constrains. The performance of crosslinkers (Borate or Zirconium) and breakers are often affected when using high salt concentration in the base fracturing fluids. The sandstone formations of Saudi Arabia have been reported to be "water-sensitive" and can be easily damaged by fresh water. A novel clay stabilization liquid additive has been successfully introduced as a substitute to inorganic salts in fracturing fluids for sandstone formation in Saudi Arabia. This new permanent clay control additive is cationic polymer with ultra-low molecular weight (PC-4) and compatible with borate and zirconium crosslinkers. It also reduces safety concerns and operational time by eliminating handling and mixing of huge amount of salts on location. This paper provides details on lab testing, and field implementation of the novel cost effective clay control additive in HTHP sandstone gas well during proppant fracture treatment.
Cation-Induced Hydrogels of Cellulose Nanofibrils with Tunable Moduli (2013)

Cellulose nanofibrils are biocompatible nanomaterials derived from sustainable natural sources. We report hydrogelation of carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils with divalent or trivalent cations (Ca(2+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Al(3+), and Fe(3+)) and subsequent formation of interconnected porous nanofibril networks. The gels were investigated by dynamic viscoelastic measurements. The storage moduli of the gels are strongly related to valency of the metal cations and their binding strength with carboxylate groups on the nanofibrils. Hydrogel moduli may be tuned by appropriate choice of cation. Cation-carboxylate interactions are proposed to initiate gelation by screening of the repulsive charges on the nanofibrils and to dominate gel properties through ionic cross-linking. Binding energies of cations with carboxylate groups were calculated from molecular models developed for nanofibril surfaces to validate the correlation and provide further insight into the cross-linked structures. The cellulose nanofibril-based hydrogels may have a variety of biomedical and other applications, taking advantage of their biocompatibility, high porosity, high surface area, and durability in water and organic solvents.
Highly miniaturized antennas and filters for wireless applications. (2004)

A novel approach to miniaturize antennas and microwave filters for wireless systems is presented. This approach is based on a proper choice of a miniature topology, which at the same time offers minimal loss. The proposed topology has been used to design a miniaturized slot antenna structure whose dimensions are as small as 0.05lambda<sub>0</sub> x 0.05lambda0 with a gain of -3 dBi. A number of similar miniaturized topologies; including a miniaturized folded-slot, its complementary and self-complementary pairs have also been designed to provide miniaturized antennas with enhanced bandwidths. Based on the same premise, miniaturization of direct-coupled and cross-coupled filters are demonstrated. Although miniaturization is expected to adversely affect the <italic>Q</italic> of a filter, the proposed filters exhibit a comparable <italic>Q</italic> to that of standard size microstrip filters due to the inherent higher <italic>Q</italic> of a slot-line. Finally, a high-impedance miniaturized antenna is proposed, followed by a radar cross-section (RCS) measurement technique to extract its input impedance. Such a high-impedance antenna may be a suitable Candidate for emerging high-impedance low-power micro- and nano-devices used in future wireless systems.
Conducting polypyrrole particles dispersible in both aqueous and non-aqueous media (1992)

Dispersion polymerization of pyrrole in absolute alcohol or water–alcohol mixtures using poly(vinyl methyl ether)(PVME) dispersant and FeCl3 initiator–dopant yields conducting polypyrrole (PPy) particles which after isolation and purification can be redispersed in water as well as in many common organic solvents to give submicronic stable dispersions.
Insulin Receptor Regulation in Human Mature Red Cells in vitro (1985)

We have studied the ability of mature red cells to regulate the number and affinity of their insulin receptors, in vitro. Our data show that mature red cells are not able to change either the number and the affinity of their insulin receptors, after preincubation with high concentrations of insulin alone or insulin and glucose. We conclude that mature red cells possess an insulin receptor system not completely similar to that of major target cells such as hepatocytes and adipocytes, and therefore we suggest some criticism in evaluating these cells in clinical studies, regarding the insulin receptor status.
Stress responses as determinants of antimicrobial resistance in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: multidrug efflux and more (2014)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notoriously antimicrobial-resistant organism that is increasingly refractory to antimicrobial chemotherapy. While the usual array of acquired resistance mechanisms contribute to resistance development in this organism a multitude of endogenous genes also play a role. These include a variety of multidrug efflux loci that contribute to both intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance. Despite their roles in resistance, however, it is clear that these efflux systems function in more than just antimicrobial efflux. Indeed, recent data indicate that they are recruited in response to environmental stress and, therefore, function as components of the organism's stress responses. In fact, a number of endogenous resistance-promoting genes are linked to environmental stress, functioning as part of known stress responses or recruited in response to a variety of environmental stress stimuli. Stress responses are, thus, important determinants of antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa. As such, they represent possible therapeutic targets in countering antimicrobial resistance in this organism.
New Lignans and Their Biological Activities (2014)

Lignans, which are widely distributed in higher plants, represent a vast and rather diverse group of phenylpropane derivatives. They have attracted considerable attention due to their pharmacological activities. Some of the lignans have been developed approved therapeutics, and others are considered as lead structures for new drugs. This article is based on our previous review of lignans discovered in the period 2000-2004, and it provides a comprehensive compilation of the 354 new naturally occurring lignans obtained from 61 plant families between 2005 and 2011. We classified five main types according to their structural features, and provided the details of their sources, some typical structures, and diverse biological activities. A tabular compilation of the novel lignans by species is presented at the end. A total of 144 references were considered for this review.
Photosynthesis by Isolated Protoplasts, Protoplast Extracts, and Chloroplasts of Wheat (1978)

Protoplasts, protoplast extracts (intact chloroplasts plus extrachloroplastic material), and chloroplasts isolated from protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum) have rates of photosynthesis as measured by light-dependent O(2) evolution of about 100 to 150 micromoles of O(2) per milligram of chlorophyll per hour at 20 C and saturating bicarbonate. The assay conditions sufficient for this activity were 0.4 molar sorbitol, 50 millimolar N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid KOH (pH 7.6), and 10 millimolar NaHCO(3) with protoplast, plus a requirement of 1 to 10 millimolar ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and 0.2 to 0.5 millimolar inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) with protoplast extracts and chloroplasts. Protoplast extracts evolved approximately 6 micromoles of O(2) per milligram of chlorophyll before photosynthesis became largely dependent on exogenous Pi while photosynthesis by chloroplasts had a much stronger dependence on exogenous Pi from the outset.Photosynthesis by chloroplasts from 6-day-old wheat plants under optimum levels of Pi was similar to that with the addition of 5 millimolar inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) plus 0.2 millimolar adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP). Either PPi or ADP added separately inhibited photosynthesis. When chloroplasts were incubated in the dark for 2 to 6 minutes, photosynthesis was strongly inhibited by 5 millimolar PPi and this inhibiting was relieved by including adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) or ADP (0.2 to 0.6 millimolar). Chloroplasts from 9-day-old wheat leaves were slightly less sensitive to inhibition by PPi and showed little or no inhibition by ADP.Chloroplasts isolated from protoplasts and assayed with 0.3 millimolar Pi added before illumination have an induction time from less than 1 minute up to 16 minutes depending on the time of the assay after isolation and the components of the medium. In order to obtain maximum rates of photosynthesis and minimum induction time, NaHCO(3) and chelating agents, EDTA or PPi (+ATP), are required in the chloroplast isolation, resuspension and assay medium. With these inclusions in the isolation and resuspension medium the induction time decreased rapidly during the first 20 to 30 minutes storage of chloroplasts on ice. Requirements for isolating intact and photosynthetically functional chloroplasts from wheat protoplasts are discussed.
Mode locking of strip buried heterostructure (AlGa)As lasers using an external cavity (1980)

Active and passive mode locking of strip buried heterostructure lasers is observed using an external cavity consisting of a lens and a mirror. Using the second-harmonic-generation method to obtain the second-order autocorrelation function we obtain Gaussian pulses as short as 35.7 psec (FWHM) at a 1.9-GHz repetition rate. The optical spectrum of the mode locked laser consists of longitudinal modes of the composite cavity spaced by ∼0.05 Å, whose amplitudes are modulated by the 2.09-Å-mode spacing of the laser itself, and contained under a Gaussian envelope of 9.5-Å FWHM. Additional very sharp structure (∼1.6-psec FWHM) in the autocorrelation is shown to result from the presence of several laser mode groups.
Effect of High-pressure Treatment on Quality of Pork Meatballs (2009)

Effect of high-pressure treatment on quality of pork meatballs was investigated. Results indicated that a significant decrease for water content and increase for pH and elasticity were observed in pork meatballs as the increase of high pressure. L* and TBARS values reached the highest at the pressure of 300 MPa and 400 MPa, respectively. In contrast, hardness of pork meatballs exhibited a decrease as the increase of high pressure below 300 MPa; while an increase as the increase of high pressure above 300 MPa. An enhanced sensory evaluation was achieved through high-pressure treatment in the range of 200-400 MPa.
Attribute match discovery in information integration: exploiting multiple facets of metadata (2002)

Automating semantic matching of attributes for the purpose of information integration is challenging, and the dynamics of the Web further exacerbate this problem. Believing that many facets of metadata can contribute to a resolution, we present a framework for multifaceted exploitation of metadata in which we gather information about potential matches from various facets of metadata and combine this information to generate and place confidence values on potential attribute matches. To make the framework apply in the highly dynamic Web environment, we base our process on machine learning when sufficient applicable data is available and base it otherwise on empirically observed rules. Experiments we have conducted are encouraging, showing that when the combination of facets converges as expected, the results are highly reliable.
Synergistic Interaction Between Deacylated Xanthan and Galactomannan (1991)

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The dynamic modulus and optical rotation of a mixed solution of denatured xanthan (depyruvated and deacylated) and galactomannan (locust-bean gum and guar gum) were measured with a rheogoniometer and a polarimeter. Gelation occurred in a mixture of native xanthan with locust-bean gum at a concentration of 0.2% total gums at room temperature, but not with guar gum. A mixture of deacylated xanthan and locust-bean gum showed the highest dynamic modulus, about three times as strong ast that of a mixture with depyruvated xanthan. The dynamic modulus of a mixture of deacylated xanthan and locust-bean gum stayed at very small value in the presence of CaCl2 (6.8 mM) and urea (4.0 M). Possible binding sites between deacylated xanthan and locust-bean gum molecules are proposed.
Reactivity of Sulfur-Containing Molecules on Noble Metal Surfaces. 4. Benzenethiol on Au(110) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivity of Sulfur-Containing Molecules on Noble Metal Surfaces. 4. Benzenethiol on Au(110)Deborah M. Jaffey and Robert J. MadixCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7, 3020–3027Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00086a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (932 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Overview: The Sunken Billions Revisited: Progress and Challenges in Global Marine Fisheries (2017)

Reports that global marine fisheries appear in crisis, with the proportion of fisheries fully fished, overfished, depleted, or recovering from overfishing increasing from just over 60 percent in the mid-1970s to about 75 percent in 2005 and to 90 percent in 2013. This biological overfishing has led to economic overfishing, which creates economic losses. Annual lost revenues from mismanagement of global marine fisheries rested at $50 billion in 2004 and at $83 billion in 2012. Restoring fisheries would yield substantial returns, but to allow biological processes to reverse the decline in fish stocks, fishing mortality requires reduction, which can only happen through an absolute reduction in the global fishing effort. Transitioning to a sustainable level of fishing would prove difficult—but the benefits would far exceed the costs. Climate change will have additional negative impacts on global marine fisheries, calling for quicker action, and reform will require financial and technical assistance at many levels.
ARTIFICIAL BEACH UNITS ON LAKE MICHIGAN (1988)

High water levels on Lake Michigan during 1985 and 1986 created substantial erosion of the shoreline and reduced the size and recreational potential of many of the parks and beaches. To prevent further erosion, protect existing properties and structures, and to create and improve recreational areas along the Lake Michigan shoreline, four coastal engineering projects were designed and constructed during this time. Artificial beach units stabilized by offshore breakwaters were used as the main component of each project. Physical hydraulic model studies were used to determine the orientation, size, and spacing of breakwaters and artificial beach units. Model predictions of beach profiles and plan shapes compare closely with prototype surveys. Surveys completed since construction demonstrate the stability of the beaches and support their use as effective, low maintenance shoreline protection. Prototype experience has shown that these projects are extremely successful both in their ability to withstand storms on the Great Lakes and to attract people for recreational activities.
Alloantigen‐specific <i>de novo‐</i>induced Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Treg revert <i>in vivo</i> and do not protect from experimental GVHD (2009)

Induced antigen-specific Foxp3(+) T cells (iTreg) are being discussed as a promising alternative to polyclonal natural Foxp3(+) T cells (nTreg) for cell-based therapies, particularly to achieve transplantation tolerance. Using Foxp3eGFP-reporter mice, we here establish an efficient protocol to induce and expand alloantigen-specific iTreg from Foxp3(-)CD4(+) T cells with cluster-disrupted DC. These iTreg were mainly CD62L(+) and showed efficient suppressive activity in vitro. However, in contrast to nTreg, adoptively transferred iTreg entirely failed to prevent lethal graft versus host disease (GVHD). Within irradiated recipients, the majority of adoptively transferred Foxp3(+) iTreg, but not Foxp3(+) nTreg quickly reverted to Foxp3(-)CD4(+) T cells. We therefore suggest that therapeutic approaches to treat GVHD should rely on nTreg, whereas the use of de novo alloantigen-induced iTreg should be handled with caution since the stability of the regulatory phenotype of the iTreg could be of major concern.
<title>Applications of fiber grating sensors</title> (1996)

With successful long term reliability testing completed, fiber gratings are emerging from the laboratory to find use in communications, signal processing, and sensor systems. For sensor applications fiber gratings can act as generic transducer elements to sense many different measurands. Important emerging applications areas are for civil and embedded composite structure sensors and acoustic array sensors. Strength, reliability, and temperature limitations of fiber gratings are important issues in real world industrial applications. Also important for wide acceptance of fiber gratings is their manufacturability. In-line systems are currently being set up that will make low cost fiber gratings a near term reality. Although driven by communications markets, high volume manufacture of low cost, reliable fiber gratings will be important for their expanded use in sensor applications.