gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) in cyanobacteria: an overview (1992)

In this paper an overview is given on the occurrence of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) in cyanobacteria and its possible role as a putative reserve compound. Comparisons are made with the function of other storage compounds that occur in cyanobacteria. For the cyanobacteria Oscillatoria limosa and Gloeothece sp. PCC 6909, some experimental data on the accumulation and mobilization of PHA are presented. O. limosa presumably contains poly(hydroxyvalerate) (PHV), whereas in Gloeothece poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was detected. Both species accumulated PHA to 6–9% of the dry weight. In Gloeothece PHB accumulation was stimulated by the addition of acetate but in O. limosa this was not the case. PHA was not involved in dark metabolism in either of the strains.
Voltage regulation in a linear induction accelerator using metal-oxide varistors (2002)

Commercially available zinc oxide varistors were tested for possible use as a compensating device for linear induction accelerators. The tests showed an increase in voltage regulation ability of 300% to 500% when compared with purely resistive compensation techniques. In addition, the drive-pulse rise-time and fall-time steepened, increasing the effective flat-top duration of the pulse. These results indicate that compensation with varistors may also reduce overvoltages due to beam-timing errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The role of instrument grading in a beef value-based marketing system (1992)

A functional value-based marketing system must have a means of identifying the value of individual animals or carcasses. The U.S. beef industry has had a strong interest in instrument grading for the past 11 yr. With the major shift toward a value-based system of trading (carcass), the beef industry has defined its needs for an instrument to assess value. Ultrasound seems to be the technology with the greatest chance of success. This paper outlines the history of instrument grading and industry's progress and plans in this area.
Efficient Syntactic Parsing with Beam Search (2010)

Implementing a Vietnamese syntactic parser is a difficult task due to the complexity of Vietnamese language. Most existing Vietnamese syntactic parsers are limited by types of sentences they can analyze. This paper introduces a syntactic parser that can analyze a larger range of Vietnamese sentences in a reasonable time. The proposed parser uses a probabilistic Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar that can control syntactic and semantic constraints of words in order to produce accurate results. The system uses a parsing algorithm that combines an improved version of the CYK algorithm and the idea of beam search in order to reduce the search space. Our experimental results achieved precision and recall of 82% and 74%, respectively.
A formal approach for testing security rules (2007)

Nowadays, security policies are the key point of every modern infrastructure. The specification and the testing of such policies are the fundamental steps in the development of a secure system since any error in a set of rules is likely to harm the global security. To address both challenges, we propose a framework to specify security policies and test their implementation on a system. Our framework makes it possible to generate in an automatic manner, test sequences, in order to validate the conformance of a security policy. system behavior is specified using a formal description technique based on extended finite state machine (EFSM) [12]. The integration of security rules within the system specification is performed by specific algorithms. Then, the automatic tests generation is performed using a dedicated tool, called SIRIUS, developed in our laboratory. Finally, we briefly present a weblog system as a case study to demonstrate the reliability of our framework.
Fractal traffic: measurements, modelling and performance evaluation (2002)

Observations of both Ethernet traffic and variable bit rate (VBR) video traffic have demonstrated that these traffics exhibit "self-similarity" and/or infinite asymptotic index of dispersion for counts (IDC). We report here on measurements of traffic in a commercial public broadband network where similar characteristics have been observed. For the purpose of analysis and dimensioning of the central links of an ATM network we analyse in this paper the performance of a single server queue fed by Gaussian traffic with infinite IDC. The analysis lends to an approximation for the performance of a queue in which the arriving traffic is "fractal" Gaussian and consequently where there does not exist a dominant negative-exponential tail. The term "fractal" is used here in the sense that the autocovariance of the traffic exhibits self-similarity, that is to say, where the autocovariance of an aggregate of the traffic is the same, or asymptotically the same for large time lags, as the original traffic. We are not concerned with proving or exploiting this self-similarity property as such, but only with performance analysis techniques which are effective for such processes. In order to be able to test the performance analysis formulae, we show that traffic with the same autocovariance as measured in a real network over a wide range of lags (sufficiently wide a range for the traffic to be equivalent from the point of view of queueing performance) can be generated as a mixture of two Gaussian AR(1) processes. In this way we demonstrate that the analytic performance formulae are accurate.
Design of a fault tolerant real-time storage system for multimedia applications (2002)

We describe the design and implementation of the RIO (Randomized I/O) multimedia object server which manages a set of parallel disks and supports real-time throughput and statistical delay guarantees. The original implementation, on an SMP (Sun Microsystems E4000), has been ported to a cluster of PCs. The new version uses a similar philosophy with respect to allocation of data storage and scheduling of requests. However the parallel "shared nothing" architecture raises all the issues of latency, scalability, etc., that are familiar in parallel and distributed systems. Our requirements are particularly demanding since we expect to support a variety of multimedia applications with varying workload requirements and data reference patterns. 3D interactive applications, video, hypermedia and interactive scientific visualization of terabyte size data sets are among the applications we support. This paper details the design issues we addressed and the results of detailed simulation studies which dictated the design choices made.
Presenilins Are Processed by Caspase-type Proteases (1997)

Presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) are endoproteolytically processed in vivo and in cell transfectants to yield 27-35-kDa N-terminal and 15-24-kDa C-terminal fragments. We have studied the cleavage of PS1 and PS2 in transiently and stably transfected hamster kidney and mouse and human neuroblastoma cells by immunoblot and pulse-chase experiments. C-terminal fragments were isolated by affinity chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sequenced. The processing sites identified in PS1 and PS2 (Asp345/Ser346 and Asp329/Ser330, respectively) are typical for caspase-type proteases. Specific caspase inhibitors and cleavage site mutations confirmed the involvement of caspase(s) in PS1 and PS2 processing in cell transfectants. Fluorescent peptide substrates carrying the PS-identified cleavage sites were hydrolyzed by proteolytic activity from mouse brain. The PS2-derived peptide substrate was also cleaved by recombinant human caspase-3. Additional processing of PS2 by non-caspase-type proteases was also observed.
Hyperthermia: Biological Studies at the Cellular Level (1975)

Tissue culture techniques were used to study the effect of hyperthermia on several cell types, including normal liver and hepatoma cells, as well as cell lines that have been established in culture for many years. Short exposures (less than 30 min.) at 45 degrees C readily kill a large proportion of cells. The response to heat was strikingly similar in all cells tested, and no preferential killing of neoplastic cells could be demonstrated. By contrast, hypoxic cells were found to be dramatically more susceptible to killing by heat than aerated cells. This is the reverse of the situation for x irradiation. The effectiveness of x irradiation was potentiated by treating the irradiated cells for 20 min. at 43 degrees C, which did not kill a detectable number of cells.
Thermal management of electric machines (2016)

Electric machines have broadly been used in many industries including the transportation industry. With the evolving trend of electrification in transportation, electric machines with higher power density and higher efficiency are demanded and, thus, more stringent thermal management requirements are needed for electrified vehicle applications. This study comprehensively presents various important aspects of thermal management in electric machines with the main focus on transportation applications. Design considerations, challenges, and methods for enhanced thermal management are discussed. Fundamental thermal properties of common materials are presented and sources of losses in various parts of machines are explained. Furthermore, typical cooling techniques and thermal analysis approaches for electric machines are reviewed in detail. This study will serve as a reference guideline for machine designers, who are interested in thermal management, and for thermal researchers working on electric machines.
Visual, Cognitive, and Language Assessments at 39 Months: A Follow-up Study of Children Fed Formulas Containing Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to 1 Year of Age (2003)

We reported previously that infants who were fed an unsupplemented formula or one with DHA or with both DHA and ARA through 12 months or were breastfed showed no differences in mental and motor development, but those who were fed DHA without ARA had lower vocabulary scores on a standardized, parent-report instrument at 14 months of age when compared with infants who were fed the unsupplemented formula or who were breastfed. When the infants were reassessed at 39 months using age-appropriate tests of receptive and expressive language as well as IQ, visual-motor function and visual acuity, no differences among the formula groups or between the formula and breastfed groups were found. The 14-month observation thus may have been a transient effect of DHA (without ARA) supplementation on early vocabulary development or may have occurred by chance. The absence of differences in growth achievement adds to the evidence that DHA with or without ARA supports normal growth in full-term infants. In conclusion, adding both DHA and ARA when supplementing infant formulas with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids supports visual and cognitive development through 39 months.
Electronic Spectra of Square-Planar Bis(biuretato)cobaltate(III)-Type Complexes (1989)

Abstract Several square-planar cobalt(III) complexes of bis(biuretato)-type were synthesized with new quadridentate ligands, alkylenebis(biuret)’s, where alkylene bridging group is (R,S)- or (R)-propylene, 1,1-dimethylethylene, cis-1,2-cyclohexylene, or tetramethylethylene. Faraday parameters for possible CT transitions in the complexes were expressed as functions of MO coefficients and energies. From the examination of the magnetic circular dichroism, the intense absorption band observed at ca. 20×103 cm−1 was assigned to ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transitions of ligand π(au of D2h) to metal dyz and dzx′, and the ground state was inferred to be one close to D4h symmetry. The band assignment was also consistent with the resonance Raman spectrum of potassium bis(biuretato)cobaltate(III). Absorption spectra of the complexes occasionally lost intensity with decrease of temperature. Origin of the thermochromism, which was found to be reversible, was also discussed.
The City of Cinema: Interpreting Urban Images on Film (1996)

To augment the economic and political analysis of cities which is the traditional content of urban planning curricula, the authors developed a course titled Cinema City. The objective of the course is to expand the students' understanding of both how people respond to life in cities and how this response is in fact influenced by the images they see depicted in film. Striking arguments can be made that our willingness to address urban problems is influenced by our history of such popular images. This paper outlines the authors' experience with the course, indicating both the pedagogical benefits and scholarly value of such an approach.
On the complex backpropagation algorithm (1992)

A recursive algorithm for updating the coefficients of a neural network structure for complex signals is presented. Various complex activation functions are considered and a practical definition is proposed. The method, associated to a mean-square-error criterion, yields the complex form of the conventional backpropagation algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparative Study of the One Dimensional Dielectric and Metallic Photonic Crystals (2012)

The optical transmission properties of two types of photonic crystals have been analyzed by using the transfer matrix method. The first one is the dielectric photonic crystal (DPC), and the second is the metallic photonic crystal (MPC). We found the dielectric and metallic photonic crystals have different transmission spectra. The effect of the most prameters on the transmission spectra of the dielectric and metallic photonic crystals has been studied.
Heart Rate Variability in Premature Infants During Feeding (2007)

Early mother-infant interaction, a potentially major contributor to the development of a premature infant's behavioral and physiologic regulation, has received very little research attention. This study examined the development of physiologic regulation in relation to maternal-infant feeding interaction for 43 premature infants, from the time caregiving responsibility was transferred to the mother through each infant's 4th postterm month. Infants and mothers were seen in a special care nursery just before discharge and in home at 1 and 4 months postterm age. General linear mixed models were used to examine the changes in infant heart rate variability (HRV) and Positive Affective Involvement and Sensitivity/Responsiveness scores over time and infant HRV over feeding conditions (prefeeding, feeding, and postfeeding). Significant differences were found for high-frequency and low-frequency HRV over time (p < .001 and p = .014, respectively). However, maternal feeding behavior did not show a significant effect of time (p = .24). The feeding condition effect on high-frequency HRV was significant (p < .001), with HRV lower during feeding compared to both prefeeding and postfeeding. Maternal feeding behavior was not associated with infant HRV. Discovering the ways in which maternal feeding behavior contributes to infant physiologic regulation may require study of the relationship of HRV to infant feeding behavior.
Allergy to Phenethicillin (1960)

ALLERGY to penicillin renders its use difficult, if not impossible, in some patients. The advent of a new "synthetic" penicillin product, phenoxyethyl penicillin, or phenethicillin, naturally raised the hope that it could be used with impunity in patients who had previously shown allergic reactions to penicillin. This report relates evidence of crossreactions between these two products; clinical and laboratory evidence of hypersensitivity to penicillin G and phenethicillin in 2 patients is presented. These patients were given scratch tests for both penicillins, and passive-transfer and hemagglutination tests were performed with their serums to determine the presence of crossantigenicity between the two . . .
Using a Geographic Information System for Qualitative Spatial Reasoning about Trafficability (1999)

Modern geographic information systems (GIS) are powerful quantitative tools for geospatial reasoning. We show how a GIS can be used as a metric diagram to support qualitative spatial reasoning. We illustrate the technique with the problem of reasoning about trafficability -- an entity&apos;s capability for movement through some terrain. Many common geospatial reasoning tasks rely heavily upon estimates of trafficability, and in some domains, off-road trafficability is of primary concern. Maps rarely provide the appropriate representation of space for such problems. We show how GIS technology can be used as a metric diagram from which place vocabularies appropriate to the task can be computed. We describe the domain theories that enable the computing of these place vocabularies, and provide models for qualitative trafficability reasoning based on these descriptions. The results suggest that the power of qualitative representations and reasoning can be brought to a variety of...
Enhanced performance of a Mach-Zehnder wavelength converter using a fiber Bragg grating (2002)

We use a fiber Bragg grating filter to reduce inter-symbol interference in an integrated Mach-Zehnder semiconductor optical amplifier wavelength converter. The grating filter reduced the conversion power penalty by 3.5 dB at 5 Gb/s.
General Method for the <sup>11</sup>C‐Labeling of 2‐Arylpropionic Acids and Their Esters: Construction of a PET Tracer Library for a Study of Biological Events Involved in COXs Expression (2010)

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a critical enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis that modulates a wide range of biological functions, such as pain, fever, and so on. To perform in vivo COX imaging by positron emission tomography (PET), we developed a method to incorporate (11)C radionuclide into various 2-arylpropionic acids that have a common methylated structure, particularly among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Thus, we developed a novel (11)C-radiolabeling methodology based on rapid C-[(11)C]methylation by the reaction of [(11)C]CH(3)I with enolate intermediates generated from the corresponding esters under basic conditions. One-pot hydrolysis of the above [(11)C]methylation products also allows the synthesis of desired (11)C-incorporated acids. We demonstrated the utility of this method in the syntheses of six PET tracers, [(11)C]Ibuprofen, [(11)C]Naproxen, [(11)C]Flurbiprofen, [(11)C]Fenoprofen, [(11)C]Ketoprofen, and [(11)C]Loxoprofen. Notably, we found that their methyl esters were particularly useful as proradiotracers for a study of neuroinflammation. The microPET studies of rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain inflammation clearly showed that the radioactivity of PET tracers accumulated in the inflamed region. Among these PET tracers, the specificity of [(11)C]Ketoprofen methyl ester was demonstrated by a blocking study. Metabolite analysis in the rat brain revealed that the methyl esters were initially taken up in the brain and then underwent hydrolysis to form pharmacologically active forms of the corresponding acids. Thus, we succeeded in general (11)C-labeling of 2-arylpropionic acids and their methyl esters as PET tracers of NSAIDs to construct a potentially useful PET tracer library for in vivo imaging of inflammation involved in COXs expression.
Comparative Features of Carcinoma <i>In Situ</i> and Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia of the Breast on cFine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Specimens (1991)

With the use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy to evaluate non-palpable breast lesions, an increasing number of cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are encountered. The authors previously demonstrated that it is not possible to distinguish definitively between DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration biopsy. To determine whether DCIS could be separated from atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), the authors identified all cases of exclusive DCIS or ADH with fine-needle aspiration biopsy before surgery. Sixteen cases of ADH and 19 cases of DCIS were identified. Of these, 12 in each category were sufficiently cellular to allow evaluation of architectural and cytologic features. Cases of ADH were more likely to be diagnosed as negative or atypical (11 of 12); in contrast, DCIS was more likely to be designated as suspicious or positive (9 of 12). Architectural and cytologic features characteristic of ADH included cells arranged in flat cohesive sheets, distinct cell borders, and myoepithelial cells. Those features characteristic of DCIS were single cells representing more than 10% of atypical cells, cellular dyshesion, and inflammatory background, coarsely granular chromatin, and nuclear pleomorphism. Many other features were not useful in separating ADH from DCIS. Based on this small series, it appears that the distinction between some cases of DCIS and ADH may be possible on fine-needle aspiration biopsy.
Further studies of fluid flow and mass transfer in trickle beds (1961)

Abstract Residence‐time studies are reported for water trickling down through a 4‐in. column packed with spheres. The transient response of the column to pulse‐ and step‐function inputs in tracer concentration applied to the water stream was determined for both porous and nonporous packing. Significant radial variations in the distribution of residence times and the volumetric rate of flow were observed. The contribution to the response curves of diffusion into the porous packing and flow in the interparticle voids can be separated. The diffusion rates may then be characterized in terms of an effective pore diffusivity for the packing.
Molecular structure and spectral properties of bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoato)(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)manganese(II): a five-coordinate Mn(II) complex (2000)

The mixed complex formed by Mn(II), 2,6-dimethoxybenzoate (dmb) and 2,2′: 6′,2″-terpyridine (terpy) was isolated in the solid state and characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and EPR, and thermogravimetric analysis. The complex is fivefold co-ordinated with a geometry shifted toward the limiting form of the trigonal bipyramid. Two carboxylate groups and the central nitrogen atom of terpy occupy the equatorial plane, while the distal nitrogen atoms are in the axial positions. The normalised bite, the angle formed by distal nitrogen (Nd and Nd′) atoms at the metal ion, the manganese–nitrogen distances, and the tilt angles between the pyridine rings were compared with those of other terpyridine complexes. Owing to the large dimensions of the Mn(II) ion, the distortions observed in the Nd–Mn–Nd′ angles and in those between the pyridine rings are the largest so far observed with first-row transition metal ions. The metal-central nitrogen and metal-distal nitrogens distances are longer than with other metal ions.