gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ganglioside G(D2) in small cell lung cancer cell lines: enhancement of cell proliferation and mediation of apoptosis. (2001)

Expression levels of gangliosides and glycosyltransferase genes responsible for their syntheses in human lung cancer cell lines and a normal bronchial epithelial cell line were analyzed. Both non-small cell lung cancers and small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) mainly expressed G(M2) and G(M1), whereas only SCLCs expressed b-series gangliosides, such as G(D2), G(D1b), and G(T1b). Accordingly, many SCLC cell lines showed up-regulation of the G(D3) synthase gene. Consequently, we introduced G(D3) synthase cDNA into a SCLC line with low expression of b-series gangliosides and analyzed the effects of newly expressed gangliosides on tumor phenotypes. The transfectant cells expressing high levels of G(D2) and G(D3) exhibited markedly increased growth rates and strongly enhanced invasion activities. Addition of anti-G(D2) monoclonal antibodies into the culture medium of these cells resulted in the marked growth suppression of G(D2)-expressing cell lines with reduced activation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases but not of nonexpressants, suggesting that G(D2) plays important roles in cell proliferation. Moreover, G(D2)-expressing cells treated with anti-G(D2) antibodies showed features of apoptotic cell death at 30 min after addition of antibodies, i.e., shrinkage of cytoplasm, binding of Annexin V, and staining with propidium iodide, followed by DNA fragmentation. This G(D2)-mediated apoptosis was associated with caspase-3 activation and partly inhibited by a caspase inhibitor, z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone. The finding that anti-G(D2) antibodies suppressed the cell growth and induced apoptosis of SCLC cells strongly suggested the usefulness of G(D2) as a target for the therapy of disastrous cancer, although the precise mechanisms for apoptosis remain to be clarified.
Derivation of Lichtenecker's Logarithmic Mixture Formula From Maxwell's Equations (2010)

Lichtenecker's logarithmic mixture formula for dielectrics has proven to be a useful practical formulation for determining the effective permittivity of homogenized dielectric mixtures. However, the formula itself has long been regarded as semiempirical in nature without firm theoretical justification. This paper shows that Lichtenecker's formula can be derived by applying Maxwell's equations and the principle of charge conservation to a mixture for which the spatial distribution of shapes and orientations of the components is randomly distributed. Furthermore, the relationship between the Lichtenecker formula and the well-known mixture formulas due to Maxwell-Garnett is demonstrated. Similarly, it is shown that the symmetric mixture formula of Bruggeman can also be obtained from the Lichtenecker formula.
Oncofetal Gene <i>SALL4</i> in Aggressive Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2013)

SALL4 is a marker for a progenitor subclass of hepatocellular carcinoma with an aggressive phenotype. The absence of SALL4 expression in the healthy adult liver enhances the potential of SALL4 as a treatment target in hepatocellular carcinoma. (Funded by the Singapore National Medical Research Council and others.).
Absence of hisT-mediated tRNA pseudouridylation results in a uracil requirement that interferes with Escherichia coli K-12 cell division (1991)

We show that hisT function is required for normal growth of Escherichia coli K-12, since a lack of hisT-mediated pseudouridine tRNA modification causes a uracil requirement that interferes with cell division. We also show that hisT transcription is positively growth rate regulated in exponentially growing bacteria and is induced during the transition from exponential to stationary growth phase.
Reference-unbiased copy number variant analysis using CGH microarrays (2010)

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarrays have been used to determine copy number variations (CNVs) and their effects on complex diseases. Detection of absolute CNVs independent of genomic variants of an arbitrary reference sample has been a critical issue in CGH array experiments. Whole genome analysis using massively parallel sequencing with multiple ultra-high resolution CGH arrays provides an opportunity to catalog highly accurate genomic variants of the reference DNA (NA10851). Using information on variants, we developed a new method, the CGH array reference-free algorithm (CARA), which can determine reference-unbiased absolute CNVs from any CGH array platform. The algorithm enables the removal and rescue of false positive and false negative CNVs, respectively, which appear due to the effects of genomic variants of the reference sample in raw CGH array experiments. We found that the CARA remarkably enhanced the accuracy of CGH array in determining absolute CNVs. Our method thus provides a new approach to interpret CGH array data for personalized medicine.
Solid phase epitaxial re-growth of Sn ion implanted germanium thin films (2012)

Doping of Ge with Sn atoms by ion implantation and annealing by solid phase epitaxial re-growth process was investigated as a possible way to create Ge1−xSnx layers. Ion implantation was carried out at liquid nitrogen to avoid nano-void formation and three implant doses were tested: 5×1015, 1×1015 and 5×1014 at/cm2, respectively. Implant energy was set to 45 keV and implants were carried out through an 11 nm SiNxOy film to prevent Sn out-diffusion upon annealing. This was only partially effective. Samples were then annealed in inert atmosphere either at 350°C varying anneal time or for 100 s varying temperature from 300 to 500°C. SPER was effective to anneal damage without Sn diffusion at 350° for samples implanted at medium and low fluences whereas the 5×1015 at/cm2 samples remained with a ∼15 nm amorphous layer even when applying the highest thermal budget.
Gene delivery to the vasculature mediated by low‐titre adeno‐associated virus serotypes 1 and 5 (2007)

AAV1 and AAV5 have advantages over AAV2 for vascular gene delivery at low titres.
PHOTOTOXINS AS INSECTICIDES AND NATURAL PLANT DEFENCES (1991)

Abstract The thiophenes alpha-terthienyl and methyl-alpha-terthienyl are found in many species of the family Asteraceae and are highly phototoxic to mosquito larvae. These compounds and a synthetic analogue, cyano-alpha-terthienyl, controlled Aedes intrudens Dyar (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae at application rates between 10 and 40 g per hectare in field trials. These concentrations are similar to those currently used with chemical control agents. Piperonyl butoxide, a synergist used with pyrethrin, greatly increased the mortality of mosquito larvae at low application rates of the most potent phototoxin, cyano-alpha-terthienyl.Although we have demonstrated previously that these phototoxic defences are effective against some phytophagous insects, more recently we studied insects that are able to feed on a phototoxic plant, in order to examine modes of resistance to phototoxins. Chrysolina spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae are susceptible to phototoxicity but avoid it by feeding on Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) at dawn and by hiding during the day. Chrysolina adults avoid phototoxicity by the presence of opaque cuticles that block the sunlight. First-instar larvae of Anaitis plagiata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) avoid feeding on the glands that contain the phototoxin. Later-instar larvae feed on the entire leaf, yet are not susceptible to phototoxicity, indicating they have biochemical defenses against photo-induced damage.
Anomalous Behaviors of Visible Luminescence from Graphene Quantum Dots: Interplay between Size and Shape (2012)

For the application of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to optoelectronic nanodevices, it is of critical importance to understand the mechanisms which result in novel phenomena of their light absorption/emission. Here, we present size-dependent shape/edge-state variations of GQDs and visible photoluminescence (PL) showing anomalous size dependences. With varying the average size (d(a)) of GQDs from 5 to 35 nm, the peak energy of the absorption spectra monotonically decreases, while that of the visible PL spectra unusually shows nonmonotonic behaviors having a minimum at d(a) = ~17 nm. The PL behaviors can be attributed to the novel feature of GQDs, that is, the circular-to-polygonal-shape and corresponding edge-state variations of GQDs at d(a) = ~17 nm as the GQD size increases, as demonstrated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
The fabrication, characterization and testing of a MEMS circular diaphragm mass sensor (2008)

This paper presents a discussion on the fabrication, characterization and testing of a degenerate mode resonant mass sensor which takes the form of a crystalline silicon MEMS circular diaphragm. The device is fabricated from the device layer of a SOI wafer which is bonded anodically to a Pyrex substrate. The efficacy of the fabrication process is assessed. Characterization of the diaphragm is performed by actuating the diaphragm electrostatically and measuring its response using optical surface profilometry and laser Doppler vibrometry. The temperature stability of the degenerate modes of vibration is investigated and it is shown that the initial frequency split in the resonant frequencies of these modes does not change significantly with temperature. Structures which present a symmetric surface profile after processing show remarkable temperature stability. The performance of the device as a mass sensor has been evaluated by functionalizing specific sectors of the diaphragm to provide bonding sites for a S100ββ protein. Added masses down to a level of 9 pg were detected.
Effect of Recombinant Lubricin on Human Blood Coagulation Parameters and Platelet Aggregation (2016)

Introduction Lubricin (proteoglycan 4; PRG4) is a proteoglycan which acts at tissue interfaces as a boundary lubricant. Lubricin is present in synovial fluid and plays a major role in synovial homeostasis. A recombinant form of human lubricin, rh‐PRG4 is being developed to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions, including osteoarthritis & dry eye (Lubris Biopharma, Boston, MA). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of rh‐PRG4 on blood coagulation utilizing various experimental studies. Materials and Methods rh‐PRG4 was supplemented with citrated whole blood from normal human donors (n = 10) to obtain a concentration range of 0–200 mg/uL. Activated clotting time (ACT), thrombelastographic analysis (TEG), and whole blood prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and thrombin times (TT) were measured. Similarly, citrated plasma was supplemented with rh‐PRG4 at 0–200 mg/ML to determine PT, aPTT and TT. The effect of this agent was also studied on the generation of factors Xa and IIa using a fluorokinetic method. Additionally, rh‐PRG4 was also studied for its effect on platelet aggregation induced by various agonists, such as ADP, collagen, epinephrine and thrombin at a concentration range of 0–20 ug/ml. Results rh‐PRG4 did not produce any effect on the whole blood clotting assays, such as the PT, aPTT and TT. Similarly, in the citrated plasma, none of the clotting assays were altered. rh‐PRG4 did not produce any inhibition of thrombin generation in plasma. Furthermore, it did not produce any inhibition or augmentation of agonist‐induced platelet aggregation. These studies suggest that rh‐PRG4 does not modify whole blood and plasma coagulation profile and produce and more relation of platelet function. Conclusions These studies suggest that because of no potential alteration of the coagulation system, lubricin is not expected to modulate bleeding or thrombotic processes in clinical indications.
Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Identifies Host Factors Essential for Influenza Virus Replication (2018)

The emergence of influenza A viruses (IAVs) from zoonotic reservoirs poses a great threat to human health. As seasonal vaccines are ineffective against zoonotic strains, and newly transmitted viruses can quickly acquire drug resistance, there remains a need for host-directed therapeutics against IAVs. Here, we performed a genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in human lung epithelial cells with a human isolate of an avian H5N1 strain. Several genes involved in sialic acid biosynthesis and related glycosylation pathways were highly enriched post-H5N1 selection, including SLC35A1, a sialic acid transporter essential for IAV receptor expression and thus viral entry. Importantly, we have identified capicua (CIC) as a negative regulator of cell-intrinsic immunity, as loss of CIC resulted in heightened antiviral responses and restricted replication of multiple viruses. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be utilized for the discovery of host factors critical for the replication of intracellular pathogens.
HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF ORTANIQUE PEEL POLYMETHOXYLATED FLAVONES IN RATS WITH DIET-INDUCED HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA (2010)

ABSTRACT The cholesterol-lowering efficacy and possible mechanism of action of polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) derived from Ortanique peel (PMFort) were evaluated in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Hypercholesterolemic and normal rats were fed diets containing PMFort and niacin for 49 days, after which several biochemical parameters were determined in the serum and organ samples. Diets containing 1.5% PMFort significantly reduced serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels by 45%, 69%, 30% and 24%, respectively, and significantly increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels by 45% compared to the untreated hypercholesterolemic rats. Fecal cholesterol was also significantly increased (106%) by PMFort supplementation. Hepatic cholesterol was significantly reduced as well as the hepatic activity of HMG-CoA reductase in the PMFort supplemented group compared to the untreated hypercholesterolemic groups. The findings suggest that PMFort may be a potent hypocholesterolemic supplement that acts by reducing cholesterol synthesis as well as by increasing fecal cholesterol output. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The present study has several possible practical applications. The polymethoxylated flavones are found almost exclusively in citrus peel, which is usually discarded and is underutilized and contributes to solid waste in some countries. The results from this study as well as studies in the literature show that polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) exhibit several important beneficial biological properties. The extract used in this study can be used to develop a wide range of nutraceutic and pharmaceutic products with hypocholesterolemic efficacy which may have possible applications as alternatives to lipid lowering drugs which display several adverse effects.
A 36-channel x 10-GHz spectrally sliced pulse source based on supercontinuum generation in normally dispersive highly nonlinear holey fiber (2003)

We demonstrate a spectrally sliced pulse source which utilizes supercontinuum generated in a normally dispersive holey fiber and spectral slicing in an arrayed waveguide grating. All 36 10-GHz channels exhibit almost constant pulsewidth and excellent noise properties, as verified by bit-error-rate measurements.
Retrieving Cloud Characteristics from Ground-Based Daytime Color All-Sky Images (2006)

Abstract A discussion is presented of daytime sky imaging and techniques that may be applied to the analysis of full-color sky images to infer cloud macrophysical properties. Descriptions of two different types of sky-imaging systems developed by the authors are presented, one of which has been developed into a commercially available instrument. Retrievals of fractional sky cover from automated processing methods are compared to human retrievals, both from direct observations and visual analyses of sky images. Although some uncertainty exists in fractional sky cover retrievals from sky images, this uncertainty is no greater than that attached to human observations for the commercially available sky-imager retrievals. Thus, the application of automatic digital image processing techniques on sky images is a useful method to complement, or even replace, traditional human observations of sky cover and, potentially, cloud type. Additionally, the possibilities for inferring other cloud parameters such as cloud brokenness and solar obstruction further enhance the usefulness of sky imagers.
Data mining computer audit logs to detect computer misuse (1998)

All computers are vulnerable to misuse either by unauthorized users penetrating the system or by authorized users abusing their privileges. This paper describes the use of a data mining process to sift through large (gigabytes) computer audit log databases to detect potential improper accesses of sensitive data files by authorized users. Computer audit logs record information about what files were accessed by which users and when. The detection of computer misuse is important because computer misuse can be related to acts of computer fraud, information theft, software piracy, and violations of privacy, to name a few. The data mining process described in this paper can be applied to detect possible fraud in a wide variety of situations that share some common characteristics: first, a class of ‘sensitive’ files can be identified which may be subject to improper access; second, the selection of files by users is a random process; and third, the probability that a user-selected file is from the sensitive class should be the same for all members of a group of users. Examples of possible applications of the data mining process include detecting inappropriate accesses to classified files, celebrity files, financial accounts with high balances, and files known to have been improperly used. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzofused, 7,5‐ and 7,6‐Fused Azepinones as Conformationally Restricted Dipeptide Mimetics. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electronic Structures of the Filled Tetrahedral SemiconductorLiMgN with a Zincblende-Type Structure (2002)

An ab initio method with mixed-basis norm-conserving non-local pseudo-potentials has been employed to investigate the electronic structures of LiMgN. The band structure, electronic density of states and charge density contour plot of LiMgN are also presented. By the calculation, we have found that LiMgN with a zincblende-type structure was an indirect gap semiconductor, and the value of indirect (Γ- X ) energy band gap under the local density approximation was 2.97 eV. In addition, the strong covalent character for Li-N and Mg-N has also been found in LiMgN.
A Prospective Study of the Development of Diabetes in Relatives of Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes (1990)

Nondiabetic relatives of probands with IDDM who are in the first two decades of life, are members of multiplex pedigrees, and have increased titers of islet-cell antibodies are the most likely to contract IDDM themselves.
MicroRNA-93 regulates NRF2 expression and is associated with breast carcinogenesis (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of approximately 60% of all human genes and play important roles in disease processes. Recent studies have demonstrated a link between dysregulated expression of miRNAs and breast carcinogenesis. Long-term estrogen exposure is implicated in development of human breast cancers, yet underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We have recently demonstrated that antioxidant vitamin C (vit C) prevents estrogen-induced breast tumor development. In this study, we investigated the role of vit C in the regulation of microRNA-93 (miR-93) and its target gene(s) in a rat model of mammary carcinogenesis. Female August Copenhagen Irish (ACI) rats were treated with vit C in the presence or absence of 17β-estradiol (E2) for 8 months. We demonstrate an increased expression of the miR-93 in E2-treated mammary tissues and in human breast cell lines and vit C treatment reverted E2-mediated increase in miR-93 levels. MiRNA target prediction programs suggest one of the target genes of miR-93 to be nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). In contrast with miR-93 expression, NRF2 protein expression was significantly decreased in E2-treated mammary tissues, mammary tumors, and in breast cancer cell lines, and its expression was significantly increased after vit C treatment. Ectopic expression of miR-93 decreased protein expression of NRF2 and NRF2-regulated genes. Furthermore, miR-93 decreased apoptosis, increased colony formation, mammosphere formation, cell migration and DNA damage in breast epithelial cells, whereas silencing of miR-93 in these cells inhibited these carcinogenic processes. Taken together, our findings suggest an oncogenic potential of miR-93 during E2-induced breast carcinogenesis.
Synchronization and correction of channel parameters for an OFDM-based communication system (2010)

A review and description of synchronization problems that occur in communication systems based on OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) are presented. Solutions for symbol, frame, and frequency synchronization are covered. An account is given and results are presented of the simulation of devices for the estimation of the channel parameters. Results on the simulation of communication systems employing different methods for synchronization and estimation of the channel parameters are presented. A review of the influence of additive noise, multipath propagation, and Rayleigh fading on the synchronization is given.