gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic ellipsometry investigation of silicide formation by rapid thermal process (1999)

Titanium, cobalt, and nickel silicides have been considered as self-aligned silicides (salicides) for contact and interconnect metallization in ultralarge scale integrated circuits. A CoSi2 salicide process using TiN or Ti capping, which is superior to the conventional cobalt salicidation, has been found to be a good solution for producing a lower sheet resistance value and a tighter sheet resistance distribution. In this work cobalt silicidation with and without a TiN and Ti cap has been performed in temperature range of 300–800 °C. In order to extensively study the phase sequence of silicide formation, a spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) technique has been used to characterize the thin silicide films. The measurement of the optical properties and thicknesses of thin cobalt, stacked TiN/Co, and cobalt silicide layers has been compared with four point probe measurements. Also, a technique employing a SE optical method has been successfully developed to measure the thickness of thin Co and CoSi films and the selective etch rates of TiN and CoSi, which showed 0.45 and 0.009 nm/s, respectively, for TiN capped Co silicidation. The results obtained by the SE nondestructive technique are also compared with the results of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry.
A SYNOPSIS OF PACHYPHYLLUM (ORCHIDACEAE) (2008)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
[A two-dimensional double dispersed hadamard transform spectrometer]. (2012)

A kind of two-dimensional hadamard transform spectrometer was developed. A grating was used for chromatic dispersion of orders and a prism was used for spectral dispersion. Quite different from traditional CCD detection method, a digital micromirror device (DMD) was applied for optical modulation, and a simple point detector was used as the sensor. Compared with traditional two-dimensional spectrometer, it has the advantage of high resolution and signal-noise-ratio, which was proved by theoretical calculation and computer simulation.
NanoPARCEL: a method for controlling cellular behavior with external light (2012)

We developed a simple preparation procedure for the protein encapsulated nanoparticle and used the nanoparticle for spatiotemporal activity control of various proteins. We succeeded in the local protein activation within cells by light using the nanoparticle.
Non-rigid range-scan alignment using thin-plate splines (2004)

We present a nonrigid alignment algorithm for aligning high-resolution range data in the presence of low-frequency deformations, such as those caused by scanner calibration error. Traditional iterative closest points (ICP) algorithms, which rely on rigid-body alignment, fail in these cases because the error appears as a nonrigid warp in the data. Our algorithm combines the robustness and efficiency of ICP with the expressiveness of thin-plate splines to align high-resolution scanned data accurately, such as scans from the Digital Michelangelo Project [M. Levoy et al. (2000)]. This application is distinguished from previous uses of the thin-plate spline by the fact that the resolution and size of warping are several orders of magnitude smaller than the extent of the mesh, thus requiring especially precise feature correspondence.
The histopathology associated with the pre‐adult and adult stages of <i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i> on the Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i> L. (1992)

Abstract. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., infected with the pre‐adult and adult stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis were obtained from sea loch cage sites on the west coast of Scotland, and infection experiments were carried out in the laboratory. The motile parasites were retained at the point of attachment by prefixation with cooled alcohol. They were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Lepeophtheirus salmonis were found to leave an oval‘imprint’ corresponding to the margin of the parasite cephalothorax on the host skin and/or to wedge under its scales. General pathological changes including oedema, hyperplasia, sloughing of cells and cellular inflammation were observed in the host at and around the point of feeding and attachment. In gross lesions, serious damage occurred to the host epidermis with scale loss and haemorrhage a common feature. The most obvious changes were associated with the louse mouthtube, marginal membrane, second antenna, maxilliped and sternal furca.
Detection of blocking artifacts in compressed video (2000)

A novel algorithm for the detection of artifacts in compressed video is described. The algorithm does not require access to the original video and therefore can be very useful in situations where quality assessment needs to be carried out at the receiver end. The proposed method is insensitive to other common video artifacts such as blurring for similar levels of objective distortion. The use of fast transformations in the frequency domain makes the method attractive for real-time applications.
Optical storage using refractive index changes induced by two-step excitation (1976)

Multiphoton excitation allows reversible photorefractive recording without the disadvantage of erasure during readout. The light intensity required for two-photon storage can be drastically reduced if two-step excitation via long†lived real intermediate states is used. Experimental results for LiNbO3:Cr3+ and LiTaO3:Cr3+ demonstrate the advantages of the two-step process. The energy and intensity requirements for optical two-step recording are within reach of presently available repetitively pulsed lasers.
A Study on the CBOW Model's Overfitting and Stability (2014)

Word vectors are distributed representations of word features. Continuous Bag-of-Words Model(CBOW) is a state-of-the-art model for learning word vectors, yet can be ameliorated for learning better word vectors because we find that CBOW is vulnerable to be overfitted and unstable. We use two methods to solve these two problems so that CBOW can learn better word vectors. In this study, we add the regularized structure risk summation to the objective function of the CBOW model and propose inverse word frequency encoding for the CBOW model. Our proposed methods substantially improve the quality of word vectors, boosting r from 0.638 to 0.696 for word relatedness and total accuracy from 30.80% to 38.43% for word pairs relationship relatedness regarding to 52 million training words with 200 dimensionality.
A methodology for engineering ontology acquisition and validation (2008)

Abstract When engineering content is created and applied during the product life cycle, it is often stored and forgotten. Current information retrieval approaches based on statistical methods and keyword matching are not effective in understanding the context of engineering content. They are not designed to be directly applicable to the engineering domain. Therefore, engineers have very limited means to harness and reuse past designs. The overall objective of our research is to develop an engineering ontology (EO)-based computational framework to structure unstructured engineering documents and achieve more effective information retrieval. This paper focuses on the method and process to acquire and validate the EO. The main contributions include a new, systematic, and more structured ontology development method assisted by a semiautomatic acquisition tool. This tool is integrated with Protégé ontology editing environment; an engineering lexicon (EL) that represents the associated lexical knowledge of the EO to bridge the gap between the concept space of the ontology and the word space of engineering documents and queries; the first large-scale EO and EL acquired from established knowledge resources for engineering information retrieval; and a comprehensive validation strategy and its implementations to justify the quality of the acquired EO. A search system based on the EO and EL has been developed and tested. The retrieval performance test further justifies the effectiveness of the EO and EL as well as the ontology development method.
DEFINITION OF CLINICAL THRESHOLD FOR CMV REAL-TIME PCR AFTER COMPARISON WITH PP65 ANTIGENAEMIA AND CLINICAL DATA (2009)

This work suggests that transplant recipients should be divided according to their serological status. Indeed, replacing antigenaemia by real-time PCR for decisions regarding initiation of pre-emptive therapy is of particular appeal in patients with positive serology. As a result of this work, we have set our clinical threshold at 1500 copies/ml for reactivation.
Genetic Activation of the <i>MET</i> Pathway and Prognosis of Patients With High-Risk, Radically Resected Gastric Cancer (2011)

In this study, qPCR revealed approximately 10% of white patients with gastric cancer harboring MET CNG of five or more copies. This marker was significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis. This information is relevant to the current clinical development of anti-MET compounds.
Asparagine Peptide Lyases (2011)

The terms "proteolytic enzyme" and "peptidase" have been treated as synonymous, and all proteolytic enzymes have been considered to be hydrolases (EC 3.4). However, the recent discovery of proteins that cleave themselves at asparagine residues indicates that not all peptide bond cleavage occurs by hydrolysis. These self-cleaving proteins include the Tsh protein precursor of Escherichia coli, in which the large C-terminal propeptide acts as an autotransporter; certain viral coat proteins; and proteins containing inteins. Proteolysis is the action of an amidine lyase (EC 4.3.2). These proteolytic enzymes are also the first in which the nucleophile is an asparagine, defining the seventh proteolytic catalytic type and the first to be discovered since 2004. We have assembled ten families based on sequence similarity in which cleavage is thought to be catalyzed by an asparagine.
A Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motor (1985)

A piezoelectric ultrasonic motor is constructed by tightly contacting a rotor to a piezoelectric ultrssonic resonator with eliptical vibrstion (PUREV). The PUREV successfully operated with a torsion coupler in which a torsional mode coupled with a bending mode is excited by the same frequency longitudinal vibration. The typical values of the present motor are 120 r.p.m. with no load, and 90 r.p.m. with a load of 13 kg-cm, under a 40 kHz/100 volt sinsoidal voltage, i.e. 12 watts with 80% efficiency. These values correspond to a high output power density of 80 W/kg over the limit value 30 W/kg expected in the ordinary motors.
Using wood composites as a tool for sustainable forestry (2005)

This report provides a summary of technical papers presented in Session #90 of the recent IUFRO XXII World Forestry Congress held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, August 8–13, 2005. Papers in this report include the oral presentations, poster presentations, and panel discussions exploring and providing technical information on the potential adaptability and applicability of using wood–composites technologies to create value-added commodities and new innovative biobased composite products. These presentations reviewed how wood- and bio-fiber-composite technologies allow users to add considerable value to a diverse number of wood- and bio-fiber feedstocks, including small-diameter timber, fast plantation-grown timber, agricultural fiber and biofiber residues, exotic– invasive species, and timber removals of hazardous forest fuels. The presentations showed some possibilities for a distinct advantage for this type of economic development scenario: The application of this type of industrial composite processing technology allows the use of diverse species and an ever-changing quality level of wood and other natural biofiber feedstocks. A fundamental understanding of the relationship between materials, process, and composite performance properties may soon allow us to “control the process on the-fly” to accept any number of input materials and still produce consistent value-added composite products. Once this fundamental understanding is developed, we will truly be able to use biocomposite technologies as a tool to help forest and land managers restore damaged ecosystems and promote sustainable forest management practices.
Ovariectomy selectively reduces the concentration of transforming growth factor beta in rat bone: implications for estrogen deficiency-associated bone loss. (1992)

Previous work showed that production of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) by osteoblast-like rat UMR 106 cells was increased by 17 beta-estradiol at physiological concentrations. To determine whether ovariectomy alters the concentration of TGF-beta in rat long bones, female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (n = 19) or ovariectomized (n = 19), pair-fed a semisynthetic diet for 6 weeks, and sacrificed. Tibial and femoral diaphyses were removed and extracted by demineralization. Ovariectomy lowered serum estrogen; did not alter body weight, serum magnesium, or serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; and produced only modest differences in serum calcium and phosphate concentrations. Hydroxyproline was higher and extractable protein was lower in bones from ovariectomized rats than in bones from sham-operated rats; calcium content did not differ between the two groups of animals. Ovariectomy lowered the concentration of TGF-beta in bone but did not change the concentration of insulin-like growth factors I or II compared with values in bone from control animals. The reduction of bone TGF-beta was evident 6 weeks after surgery but not at 3 weeks. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with estrogen eliminated the TGF-beta deficit. To determine whether 17 beta-estradiol increased TGF-beta production by normal bone cells, mouse osteoblasts were treated for 2 days with 17 beta-estradiol. The production of TGF-beta was increased almost 2-fold by 1 nM 17 beta-estradiol, and short-term treatment stimulated the intracellular accumulation of TGF-beta 1 mRNA. We conclude that ovariectomy reduces deposition of TGF-beta in rat bone and that diminished skeletal TGF-beta could play a role in the pathogenesis of bone loss, fractures, and microfractures that occur in estrogen-deficient states. Our results support the possibility that estrogen and bone TGF-beta may be necessary for normal maintenance of the skeleton in female rats.
Dyskeratosis congenita: clinical features and genetic aspects. Report of a family and review of the literature. (1975)

A large family with dyskeratosis congenita is reported. There were nine affected males, the findings in five of who are reported. We review 46 cases selected from the literature. The cardinal findings of this inherited multisystem disorder are delineated from these 51 cases. The complications of the disease, including opportunistic infection, are described. The parallel is made between dyskeratosis congenita and Fanconi's anaemia. The X-linked transmission of dyskeratosis congenita is confirmed by the family pedigree in this report. From the analysis of the families reported in the literature, there appears to be genetic heterogeneity in this disease. This study in our family indicates absence of close linkage between the Xga locus and the X-linked recessive form of dyskeratosis congenita.
Interleukin-2 treatment in lymphoma: a phase II multicenter study [see comments] (1994)

A phase II study was undertaken to assess whether continuous infusion of high-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) alone was active against different histologic subtypes of heavily pretreated lymphoma. Sixty one lymphomas were included in the study. rIL-2 (Roussel UCLAF, Romainville, France) was administered by continuous infusion at 20 x 10(6) IU/m2 for three cycles of 5 days, 4 days, and 3 days, during the first week, third week, and fifth week, respectively. Twenty-four low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) were resistant to an anthracycline-containing regimen. Twenty-three intermediate and high-grade NHL were refractory to initial treatment or to salvage therapy. Seven Hodgkin's diseases were refractory to at least three regimens or relapsed after autologous bone marrow transplantation. Seven mycosis fungoides were refractory to chemotherapy. In low-grade NHL, one complete response (CR) was observed. In aggressive NHL, there were three CRs and two partial responses (PRs). No response was noted in Hodgkin's disease. One CR and four PRs were observed in mycosis fungoïdes. Complete response durations were 23, 20, 17, 12, and 4 months. Grade 4 toxicity was observed in 29 patients leading to arrest of therapy in 12 patients. The response to rIL-2 therapy in lymphoma differs according to histologic subtypes. Five responses were observed in 23 aggressive lymphomas. Five of seven mycosis fungoïdes responded; these preliminary results warrant testing of a larger number of patients.
Balancing individual rights versus collective good in public health enforcement. (2006)

This paper explores the balance between common good and individual liberty in the context of public health regulation. The issues are explored in reference to two areas of regulation, isolation and quarantine in the case of SARS, and the rights of parents to refuse mandatory childhood immunizations. In the case of SARS, the analysis explores the age old practice of isolation and quarantine, an important preventive measure with clear civil liberty implications. In reference to childhood immunization the paper considers the American controversy involving the refusal of parents to have their children vaccinated, fearing that mercury in vaccines will lead to autism. The analysis explores the US Supreme Court case of Jacobson v. Massachusetts which 100 years ago established a four part test for evaluating claims of individuals that government public health authorities were infringing on their liberty interests. The paper endorses the four elements of necessity, reasonableness, proportionality, and harm avoidance identified in Jacobson, but calls for a more rigorous scientific evaluation to accompany this traditional test.
Does the Limit Order Routing Decision Matter? (2002)

We examine the impact deciding to route limit orders away from the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) has on three dimensions of execution quality with methodologies controlling for market conditions and order submission strategies. Overall differences in limit order execution quality between regional stock exchanges and the NYSE are small, suggesting that the order routing decision may not affect retail limit order traders substantively. Conditioning on the distance between the limit order’s price and prevailing quotes, however, reveals systematic differences in execution quality. This implies that brokers can strategically route limit orders to improve retail limit order execution quality.
Syntheses and antibacterial activity of novel 6-fluoro-7-(<i>gem</i>-disubstituted piperazin-1-yl)-quinolines (1992)

A series of quinoline and naphthyridine antibacterial agents possessing an acyclic or cyclic gem-disubstituted piperazine substituent at the C-7 position have been prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for antibacterial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. They are, however, not as active as quinolones or naphthyridines with a monosubstituted piperazine substituent at C-7. The chemical synthesis of these derivatives is also described.
Generating Graphical Chain by Mutual Matching of Bayesian Network and Extracted Rules of Bayesian Network Using Genetic Algorithm (2014)

With the technology development, the need of analyze and extraction of useful information is increasing. Bayesian networks contain knowledge from data and experts that could be used for decision making processes But they are not easily understandable thus the rule extraction methods have been used but they have high computation costs. To overcome this problem we extract rules from Bayesian network using genetic algorithm. Then we generate the graphical chain by mutually matching the extracted rules and Bayesian network. This graphical chain could shows the sequence of events that lead to the target which could help the decision making process. The experimental results on small networks show that the proposed method has comparable results with brute force method which has a significantly higher computation cost.
A Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody (CR002) Identifies PDGF-D as a Novel Mediator of Mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis (2003)

PDGF-B is of central importance in mesangioproliferative diseases. PDGF-D, a new PDGF isoform, like PDGF-B, signals through the PDGF betabeta-receptor. The present study first determined that PDGF-D is mitogenic for rat mesangial cells and is not inhibited by a PDGF-B antagonist. Low levels of PDGF-D mRNA were detected in normal rat glomeruli. After induction of mesangioproliferative nephritis in rats by anti-Thy 1.1 mAb, glomerular PDGF-D mRNA and protein expression increased significantly from days 4 to 9 in comparison with nonnephritic rats. Peak expression of PDGF-D mRNA occurred 2 d later than peak PDGF-B mRNA expression. In addition, PDGF-D serum levels increased significantly in the nephritic animals on day 7. For investigating the functional role of PDGF-D, neutralizing fully human mAb were generated using the XenoMouse technology. Rats with anti-Thy 1.1-induced nephritis were treated on days 3 and 5 with different amounts of a fully human PDGF-DD-specific neutralizing mAb (CR002), equal amounts of irrelevant control mAb, or PBS by intraperitoneal injection. Specific antagonism of PDGF-D led to a dose-dependent (up to 67%) reduction of glomerular cell proliferation. As judged by double immunostaining for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and alpha-smooth muscle actin, glomerular mesangial cell proliferation was reduced by up to 57%. Reduction of glomerular cell proliferation in the rats that received CR002 was not associated with reduced glomerular expression of PDGF-B mRNA. PDGF-D antagonism also led to reduced glomerular infiltration of monocytes/macrophages (day 5) and reduced accumulation of fibronectin (day 8). In contrast, no effect was noted in normal rats that received an injection of CR002. These data show that PDGF-D is overexpressed in mesangioproliferative states and can act as an auto-, para-, or even endocrine glomerular cell mitogen, indicating that antagonism of PDGF-D may represent a novel therapeutic approach to mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritides.
The arcuate nucleus mediates GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide-dependent weight loss (2014)

Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog marketed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Besides lowering blood glucose, liraglutide also reduces body weight. It is not fully understood how liraglutide induces weight loss or to what degree liraglutide acts directly in the brain. Here, we determined that liraglutide does not activate GLP-1-producing neurons in the hindbrain, and liraglutide-dependent body weight reduction in rats was independent of GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) in the vagus nerve, area postrema, and paraventricular nucleus. Peripheral injection of fluorescently labeled liraglutide in mice revealed the presence of the drug in the circumventricular organs. Moreover, labeled liraglutide bound neurons within the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and other discrete sites in the hypothalamus. GLP-1R was necessary for liraglutide uptake in the brain, as liraglutide binding was not seen in Glp1r(-/-) mice. In the ARC, liraglutide was internalized in neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). Electrophysiological measurements of murine brain slices revealed that GLP-1 directly stimulates POMC/CART neurons and indirectly inhibits neurotransmission in neurons expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) via GABA-dependent signaling. Collectively, our findings indicate that the GLP-1R on POMC/CART-expressing ARC neurons likely mediates liraglutide-induced weight loss.