gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Coign automatic distributed partitioning system (1999)

Although successive generations of middleware (such as RPC, CORBA, and DCOM) have made it easier to connect distributed programs, the process of distributed application decomposition has changed little: programmers manually divide applications into sub-programs and manually assign those sub-programs to machines. Often the techniques used to choose a distribution are ad hoc and create one-time solutions biased to a specific combination of users, machines, and networks. We assert that system software, not the programmer, should manage the task of distributed decomposition. To validate our assertion we present Coign, an automatic distributed partitioning system that significantly eases the development of distributed applications. Given an application (in binary form) built from distributable COM components, Coign constructs a graph model of the application's inter-component communication through scenario-based profiling. Later, Coign applies a graph-cutting algorithm to partition the application across a network and minimize execution delay due to network communication. Using Coign, even an end user (without access to source code) can transform a non-distributed application into an optimized, distributed application. Coign has automatically distributed binaries from over 2 million lines of application code, including Microsoft '5 PhotoDraw 2000 image processor. To our knowledge, Coign is the first system to automatically partition and distribute binary applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Antineoplastic Agents. Part 113. Synthesis of Natural (‐)‐Combretastatin. (1986)

Abstract (m‐Combretastatin (Vb) wird ausgehend von Isovanillin (I) gemäß dem Formelschema synthetisiert.
Preoperative plasma level of IL-10 but not of proinflammatory cytokines is an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. (2009)

There have been many discrepant observations on the serum levels of cytokines in cancer patients and their prognostic value. The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their clinical significance in a large group of patients with gastric carcinoma. The levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-10 and soluble TNF receptors I and II sTNF-Rs were investigated in the plasma of 136 consecutive patients with biopsy proven gastric cancer using specific enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISA). Survival curves were estimated using the method of Kaplan and Meier and the differences in the survival rates were tested by the log-rank test. For multivariate analysis of prognostic factors, the Cox proportional hazard model was used. Proinflammatory cytokines and sTNF-Rs were higher in the whole group of patients in comparison to healthy volunteers. IL-10 was elevated mostly in advanced disease. The increased levels of IL-10 (>10 pg/ml) were associated with significantly poorer survival of patients, while the levels of the other cytokines and sTNF-Rs showed no correlation with prognosis. The increased level of IL-10 is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer.
Risks of Testosterone Replacement (2004)

to the editor: Rhoden and Morgentaler 1 and Snyder 2 (Jan. 29 issue) assuage the anxiety of physicians who administer testosterone to older men because the men report andropause, a collection of ill-defined maladies related to male aging. Their position in this regard is very disconcerting. More than 50 years ago, physicians began treating the “male climacteric” with testosterone. 3 Since then, no standardized definition of this condition has been developed, no metric defining a therapeutic effect has been created, no randomized controlled studies have been conducted to support the widespread use of testosterone in men for this condition, and the adverse-event profile of the drug in this population has not been studied adequately. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved testosterone for this condition. In addition, the schemes suggested by Rhoden and Morgentaler and by Snyder for managing the risk of prostate cancer, a hazard of testosterone exposure that is of great concern, are untested. The Women’s Health Initiative advanced our understanding of the risks and benefits of estrogen through randomized trials. The recent Institute of Medicine report 4 advises thoughtful, well-designed research on testosterone in aging men; this should be supported.
Optimum ASK Modulation Scheme for Passive RFID Tags Under Antenna Mismatch Conditions (2009)

We propose optimized ON/OFF states of the backscattered amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulator for the passive RF identification (RFID) tags. This takes into account both the reader receiver sensitivity and tag antenna mismatch conditions. Based on the analysis of the power transfer between the passive RFID tag and reader, we derived the optimum configuration of the ASK modulator. It maximizes the harvestable power to enhance the identification range between the tag and reader. The performance of the proposed modulator configuration was superior to the conventional scheme. We also developed an optimization procedure of the modulator for a given receiver sensitivity of the reader and various antenna mismatch conditions of the tag.
Continuous carbon fibre epoxy-matrix composite as a sensor of its own strain (1996)

Unidirectional continuous carbon fibre reinforced epoxy was found to be able to sense its own strain in the fibre direction, due to its longitudinal electrical resistance decreasing reversibly and its transverse resistance increasing reversibly upon longitudinal tension. The strain sensitivity (gauge factor) is from -35.7 to -37.6 and from +34.2 to +48.7 for the longitudinal and transverse resistances respectively. Both effects originate from resistivity changes associated with the increase in the degree of fibre alignment upon longitudinal tension. Either effect allows strain sensing. Slight irreversibility is associated with the resistance decreasing after the first strain cycle and stems from the decrease in the degree of neatness of the fibre arrangement.
Probability density of displacement and overturning length scales under diverse stratification (2002)

Vertical overturns, produced by turbulence in density‐stratified lakes and oceans, are often quantified by the Thorpe scale, L T . The correlation between L T and the Ozmidov (energy‐containing) scale can be used to estimate rates of turbulent dissipation and vertical diffusivities. Based on temperature microstructure measurements from several stratified lakes, the probability density functions (pdf's) of Thorpe displacements and overturning length scales are distinguished and discussed. The stratification was varying over five orders of magnitude between the different data sets, resulting in Thorpe scales between 1 cm and 100 m. It is shown that the analyzed pdf's follow a universal form that can be empirically described by an exponential function and parameterized by a single length scale. The functional form of the pdf of overturning length scales can be related to the inertial subrange, which is found in temperature, as well as in length‐scale fluctuation spectra. As a result, the ratio between the maximum displacement length scale, L max , and the Thorpe scale depends on the rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation. Based on the universal pdf of overturning length scales, we show with numerical simulations that L max is a more appropriate macroscopic length scale than L T for the estimation of turbulence based on displacements in temperature profiles.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide in Milk (1967)

A method was developed using titanium salts for quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide in milk. Samples of sterilized reconstituted (:[1%) nonfat dry milk,
Diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement of CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy) (2000)

In our experience, VC had a low diagnostic value for identification of patients with colorectal neoplasias. Interobserver agreement for VC interpretation was fair. These results may be explained by software imperfections and a learning curve effect.
1,3,2-Diazaphospholidine (<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Phosphine)-Mediated Carbon–Phosphorus Bond-Forming, One-Pot Tandem Reaction: A Route to α-Amino Phosphonates (2016)

A novel 1,3,2-diazaphospholidine (N-heterocyclic phosphine)-thiourea-mediated phospha-Mannich/intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction has been developed for the construction of an N-C-P bond unit. This transformation enabled a rapid access to cyclic tertiary α-amino phosphonates in one-pot procedure under additive-free mild reaction conditions. This study revealed the critical role of thiourea moiety of the N-heterocyclic phosphine-thiourea in the sequential intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction of the phosphonylation.
Workspaces that move people. (2014)

Few companies measure whether the design of their workspaces helps or hurts performance, but they should. The authors have collected data that capture individuals' interactions, communications, and location information. They've learned that face-to-face interactions are by far the most important activity in an office; creating chance encounters between knowledge workers, both inside and outside the organization, improves performance. The Norwegian telecom company Telenor was ahead of its time in 2003, when it incorporated "hot desking" (no assigned seats) and spaces that could easily be reconfigured for different tasks and evolving teams. The CEO credits the design of the offices with helping Telenor shift from a state-run monopoly to a competitive multinational carrier with 150 million subscribers. In another example, data collected at one pharmaceuticals company showed that when a salesperson increased interactions with coworkers on other teams by 10%, his or her sales increased by 10%. To get the sales staff running into colleagues from other departments, management shifted from one coffee machine for every six employees to one for every 120 and created a new large cafeteria for everyone. Sales rose by 20%, or $200 million, afterjust one quarter, quickly justifying the capital investment in the redesign.
환경 시설물의 광대역 통합모뎀 근거리 통신망 스위칭 기술 연구 (2014)

환경시설물의 광대역 통합모뎀 근거리 통신망 스위칭 기술을 통하여 상시 실시간 자료 수집 및 이력관리가 가능함에 따라 안정적이고 효율적인 시설물 관리 및 광대역 통합모뎀을 기반으로 적용 가능한 신기술 융합의 환경 시설물의 실용화가 필요한 상황이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 환경시설물에 적용 가능한 광대역 통합모뎀 근거리 통신망 스위칭 기술을 제시하였다. 광대역 통합모뎀의구축방안 및 통신방식을 제시하여 광대역 통합망 유비쿼터스 기반의 환경시설물 관리용 신기술 동향 및 기술을 분석하고, IEEE802.11x와 IEEE802.15.4x 두 가지 통신방식의 연동을 통하여 환경시설물 내 시설물로부터 수신되어지는 데이터의 수집, 해석및 처리를 통해 이상현상 발생 시 우선순위 부여 등의 워크플로우 기능과 다수의 측정 데이터를 사용자 정의 로직에 따라 서버로전송하는 기능을 모의실험하고 분석하여 그 유용성을 입증하였다
Elimination of myeloma cells from bone marrow by using monoclonal antibodies and magnetic immunobeads (1988)

The efficacy of immunomagnetic beads to purge human myeloma cells from bone marrow ex vivo was evaluated. The optimal conditions for purging were studied first by using three myeloma cell lines: RPMI-8226, SKO- 007, and SKMM-2. Myeloma cells labeled with the vital fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 were admixed with normal bone marrow cells, and two monoclonal antibodies reactive with the myeloma cells (PCA-1 and BL-3) were added alone or in combination with the cells. Magnetic beads coated with goat antimouse immunoglobulin G were then added, and the tumor cells to which beads were attached were separated from the mixture with a magnet. The efficacy of tumor cell removal was dependent on the bead-to-tumor ratio; a ratio of more than 500 was optimal in the presence of excess normal marrow cells. The combination of monoclonal antibodies PCA-1 and BL-3 increased the tumor cell removal as compared with either antibody alone. Two cycles of treatment were more effective than one cycle was. Under optimal conditions, 2.3 to 4 logs of tumor cells could be removed from the mixture containing 10% myeloma cells without a significant loss of normal hematopoietic progenitors as measured by CFU-GM, CFU-GEM, and BFU-E. When the efficacy of this procedure was tested on fresh bone marrow from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) by using the combination of PCA-1, BL-3, and J-5, 1.6 to 2.5 logs of tumor cells could be removed by one cycle of treatment, even from marrows containing less than 10% myeloma cells. These observations support the use of monoclonal antibody combinations and immunobeads as a reliable and nontoxic method to eliminate contaminating myeloma cells ex vivo in preparation for autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with MM.
MAGNESIUM OXYSULPHATE CEMENT: CHANGE IN PROPERTIES ON ADMIXING SODIUM BICARBONATE AS AN ADDITIVE (2008)

Sodium bicarbonate plays an important role, after admixing in Magnesium Oxysulphate Cement (Sorel’s Cement), on strength and durability of the product. It’s incorporation in the matrix as additive in powerded form as well as saturated solution is studied in detail. Powdered form of NaHCO3 increases the compressive strength and watertightness of the product, whereas its incorporation as saturated solution does not contribute to strength and durability of Sorel’s Cement. setting periods, weathering effects and linear changes were also studied for both the forms of the additive.
Suramin Inhibits Hsp104 ATPase and Disaggregase Activity (2014)

Hsp104 is a hexameric AAA+ protein that utilizes energy from ATP hydrolysis to dissolve disordered protein aggregates as well as amyloid fibers. Interestingly, Hsp104 orthologues are found in all kingdoms of life except animals. Thus, Hsp104 could represent an interesting drug target. Specific inhibition of Hsp104 activity might antagonize non-metazoan parasites that depend on a potent heat shock response, while producing little or no side effects to the host. However, no small molecule inhibitors of Hsp104 are known except guanidinium chloride. Here, we screen over 16,000 small molecules and identify 16 novel inhibitors of Hsp104 ATPase activity. Excluding compounds that inhibited Hsp104 activity by non-specific colloidal effects, we defined Suramin as an inhibitor of Hsp104 ATPase activity. Suramin is a polysulphonated naphthylurea and is used as an antiprotozoal drug for African Trypanosomiasis. Suramin also interfered with Hsp104 disaggregase, unfoldase, and translocase activities, and the inhibitory effect of Suramin was not rescued by Hsp70 and Hsp40. Suramin does not disrupt Hsp104 hexamers and does not effectively inhibit ClpB, the E. coli homolog of Hsp104, establishing yet another key difference between Hsp104 and ClpB behavior. Intriguingly, a potentiated Hsp104 variant, Hsp104A503V, is more sensitive to Suramin than wild-type Hsp104. By contrast, Hsp104 variants bearing inactivating sensor-1 mutations in nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) 1 or 2 are more resistant to Suramin. Thus, Suramin depends upon ATPase events at both NBDs to exert its maximal effect. Suramin could develop into an important mechanistic probe to study Hsp104 structure and function.
On the compound poisson limit for an exceedance process (1988)

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Spatially Resolved Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystal–Polypropylene Composite by Confocal Raman Microscopy (2012)

Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) -polypropylene (PP) composites and to investigate the spatial distribution of CNCs in extruded composite filaments. Three composites were made from two forms of nanocellulose (CNCs from wood pulp and the nano-scale fraction of microcrystalline cellulose) and two of the three composites investigated used maleated PP as a coupling agent. Raman maps, based on cellulose and PP bands at 1098 and 1460 cm(-1), respectively, obtained at 1 μm spatial resolution showed that the CNCs were aggregated to various degrees in the PP matrix. Of the three composites analyzed, two showed clear existence of phase-separated regions: Raman images with strong PP and absent/weak cellulose or vice versa. For the third composite, the situation was slightly improved but a clear transition interface between the PP-abundant and CNC-abundant regions was observed, indicating that the CNC remained poorly dispersed. The spectroscopic approach to investigating spatial distribution of the composite components was helpful in evaluating CNC dispersion in the composite at the microscopic level, which helped explain the relatively modest reinforcement of PP by the CNCs.
Investigation of the catalytic activity of poly(4-vinylpyridine) supported iodine as a new, efficient and recoverable catalyst for regioselective ring opening of epoxides (2012)

An efficient methodology for ring opening of epoxides in alcohols, water and acetic acid promoted by poly(4-vinylpyridine) supported iodine under neutral conditions, has been demonstrated. The reactions occur with high regioselectivity. The products were obtained in good to excellent yields. The reaction of optically active styrene oxide with P(4-VPI)+I3− in methanol was found to be very stereospecific and the product was isolated in 88% ee. This catalyst is stable and can be easily regenerated and used.
IL-6 Trans-Signaling via the Soluble IL-6 Receptor: Importance for the Pro-Inflammatory Activities of IL-6 (2012)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine with many activities. It has functions in the regulation of the immune system and the nervous system. Furthermore, IL-6 is involved in liver regeneration and in the metabolic control of the body. On target cells, IL-6 binds to an 80 kDa IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). The complex of IL-6 and IL-6R associates with a second protein, gp130, which thereupon dimerizes and initiates intracellular signaling. Whereas gp130 is expressed on all cells, IL-6R is only present on few cells in the body including hepatocytes and some leukocytes. Cells, which do not express IL-6R cannot respond to the cytokine, since gp130 alone has no measurable affinity for IL-6. Interestingly, a soluble form of IL-6R (sIL-6R) comprising the extracellular portion of the receptor can bind IL-6 with a similar affinity as the membrane bound IL-6R. The complex of IL-6 and sIL-6R can bind to gp130 on cells, which do not express the IL-6R, and which are unresponsive to IL-6. This process has been called trans-signaling. Here I will review published evidence that IL-6 trans-signaling is pro-inflammatory whereas classic IL-6 signaling via the membrane bound IL-6R is needed for regenerative or anti-inflammatory activities of the cytokine. Furthermore, the detailed knowledge of IL-6 biology has important consequences for therapeutic strategies aimed at the blockade of the cytokine IL-6.
Heterobifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol) Derivatives for the Surface Modification of Gold Nanoparticles Toward Bone Mineral Targeting (2012)

Heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol)s can be used for many biomedical applications ranging from solubility enhancement of hardly soluble compounds to surface modification of medical devices. In order to modify gold nanoparticles as model particles for drug targeting applications, PEG derivatives are synthesized that possess a high affinity for gold surfaces, namely a thioalkyl function, known to form stable monolayers on gold. Additionally a bisphosphonate function is introduced in the PEG molecule to allow targeting of hydroxyapatite rich tissues, like bone. Gold nanoparticles are modified using the synthesized bifunctional PEG and investigated for their stability in biological fluids and their ability to bind to hydroxyapatite granules in these fluids.
Computational Biology in Cuba: An Opportunity to Promote Science in a Developing Country (2007)

Computational biology can be considered a supradisciplinary field of knowledge that merges biology, chemistry, physics, and computer science into a broad-based science that is important to furthering our understanding of the life sciences. Although a relatively new area of research, it is recognized as a crucial field for scientific advancement in developing countries. This Perspective introduces our vision of the role of computational biology in biomedical research and teaching in Cuba. Except where individuals are directly quoted, any opinions expressed herein should be considered those of the authors. (For author information, see Box 1.)
A 26K Fragment of Troponin T from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle1 (1984)

A 26K fragment of troponin T, which was produced by endogenous proteases in rabbit skeletal muscle, was isolated by SE-Sephadex column chromatography. This fragment sensitized both superprecipitation and ATPase of actomyosin to calcium ions, to the same extent as troponin T. There was no difference in affinity for tropomyosin between this fragment and troponin T as examined by affinity chromatography. Amino acid analysis showed that this fragment consisted of residues Ala-46-Lys-259 of troponin T. The N-terminal 45 residues of troponin T, therefore, are not essential for the physiological action of troponin T. It was also observed that Ca2+-activated neutral protease digested troponin T into the 26K fragment in the native thin filament, while the protease digested troponin T in a different way in the reconstituted thin filament.
The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons, and some related reactions (1939)

S. R. Craxford, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1939, 35, 946 DOI: 10.1039/TF9393500946
On-chip clock technology for ultrafast digital superconducting electronics (2000)

An on-chip, low-jitter clock technology is essential for future multi-GHz digital electronics. In this article, we describe an on-chip clock technology for superconducting rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) circuits built around an unshunted long Josephson junction (LJJ) oscillator that acts as a master clock source. The clock technology also includes clock frequency divider and selector circuits as well as a clock distribution network. These LJJ oscillators, implemented in linear and annular geometries using 3 μm Nb technology, have quality factors of 106. This clock technology potentially has widespread use in 10–100 GHz superconducting digital circuits and systems, including analog-to-digital converters, time-to-digital converters, correlators, and processors for ultrahigh performance computers.
Reconfigurable buses with shift switching: concepts and applications (1995)

We propose to enhance traditional broadcast buses by the addition of a new feature that we call shift switching. We show that on a linear array of processors enhanced with shift switching, the prefix sums of n bits can be computed in [log(n+1)/log w] broadcasts, each over n switches, assuming a global bus of width w. Next our prefix sums algorithm is used in conjunction with broadcasting on short buses to obtain several efficient architectural designs for the following fundamental problems: 1) ranking linked lists, 2) counting the number of 1's in a sequence of n bits, and 3) sorting small sets. We see our main contribution in showing that the new bus feature leads to designs that are both theoretically interesting and practically relevant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>