gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethanol neurotoxicity. 1. Direct effects on replicating astrocytes. (1986)

Experiments were conducted to investigate the direct effects of ethanol on the DNA, RNA and protein content of rapidly growing astroglia. Astrocyte progenitor cells obtained from the neopallia of newborn mice were grown for 6 days in primary culture and then exposed continuously to ethanol (0.0, 0.06, 0.12 or 0.24 g/dl) for 11 days. The in vitro exposure period corresponds to the period of peak astroglial replication and growth in the mouse brain growth spurt in situ (postnatal days 6 to 17). DNA, RNA and protein contents were all significantly different in ethanol-exposed astroglial cultures compared to controls (p less than 0.0005) and there was an unexpected, but highly consistent, concentration-related pattern to this effect, namely, an increased content relative to controls at the lowest ethanol concentration, and a progressive decrease in content with increasing ethanol concentrations. Our data indicate that different cell processes contributing to growth are more vulnerable to ethanol's toxicity than others. RNA and protein contents are reduced to a greater degree and at lower ethanol concentrations than is DNA content. The "growth-promoting" effect seen in these in vitro studies emphasizes the fact that factors which are secondary to alcohol consumption contribute significantly to the alcohol-related brain growth deficits which are seen in vivo. Ethanol acting alone appears to exert a "growth-impairing" effect only at high concentrations.
ROBUST: Lenalidomide-R-Chop Versus Placebo-R-Chop in Previously Untreated Abc-Type Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2016)

Activated B-cell-like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the major constituent of nongerminal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) DLBCL, is associated with poorer survival outcomes than GCB-type DLBCL. In Phase II studies, lenalidomide combined with R-CHOP (R(2)-CHOP) improved outcomes relative to historical R-CHOP in newly diagnosed DLBCL, particularly in non-GCB cases. ROBUST (CC-5013-DLC-002) is a randomized, double-blind, global, Phase III study of oral lenalidomide (15 mg, days 1-14) plus R-CHOP21 × 6 versus placebo-R-CHOP21 × 6 in patients with previously untreated ABC-type DLBCL. Subtyping is done within 3 calendar days by central laboratory gene-expression profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy tissue. The primary end point is progression-free survival. Secondary end points include response rates, overall survival and health-related quality of life.
Cloning and Characterization of <i>AtRGP1</i>1 (1998)

A reversibly glycosylated polypeptide from pea (Pisum sativum) is thought to have a role in the biosynthesis of hemicellulosic polysaccharides. We have investigated this hypothesis by isolating a cDNA clone encoding a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana, Reversibly Glycosylated Polypeptide-1 (AtRGP1), and preparing antibodies against the protein encoded by this gene. Polyclonal antibodies detect homologs in both dicot and monocot species. The patterns of expression and intracellular localization of the protein were examined. AtRGP1 protein and RNA concentration are highest in roots and suspension-cultured cells. Localization of the protein shows it to be mostly soluble but also peripherally associated with membranes. We confirmed that AtRGP1 produced in Escherichia coli could be reversibly glycosylated using UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose as substrates. Possible sites for UDP-sugar binding and glycosylation are discussed. Our results are consistent with a role for this reversibly glycosylated polypeptide in cell wall biosynthesis, although its precise role is still unknown.
Weekly urge urinary incontinence was associated with increased risk for falls and non-spinal fractures in older women (2001)

(2000) J Am Geriatr Soc 48, 721. Brown JS, Vittinghoff E, Wyman JF, et al, . for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. . Urinary incontinence: does it increase risk for falls and fractures? . Jul; . : . –5 . [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3] QUESTION: In community dwelling older white women, do urge and stress urinary incontinence increase risk for falls and non-spinal fractures? Cohort study with mean 3 year follow up (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures [SOF]). 4 clinical care centres in Maryland, Minnesota, Oregon, and Pennsylvania, USA. 6049 community dwelling, ambulatory white women who were ≥65 years of age (mean age 79 y), attended 5 SOF clinic or home visits, completed a physical examination and self administered questionnaire, provided data on urinary incontinence, and returned ≥1 postcard reporting falls after visit 5. Number of live births; hysterectomy status; smoking status; alcohol use; walking; total weekly excursions outside the home; medical history, including hip or knee replacement, stroke, diabetes, Parkinson' or Alzheimer' disease, or arthritis; self reported joint pain; falls … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bthe%2BAmerican%2BGeriatrics%2BSociety%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BAm%2BGeriatr%2BSoc%26rft.aulast%253DBrown%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BS.%26rft.volume%253D48%26rft.issue%253D7%26rft.spage%253D721%26rft.epage%253D725%26rft.atitle%253DUrinary%2Bincontinence%253A%2Bdoes%2Bit%2Bincrease%2Brisk%2Bfor%2Bfalls%2Band%2Bfractures%253F%2BStudy%2Bof%2BOsteoporotic%2BFractures%2BResearch%2BGroup.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10894308%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10894308&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F6%2F2%2F59.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000088124700001&link_type=ISI
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells prevent allergic airway inflammation by inducing murine regulatory T cells (2010)

These data demonstrate that MSC induce T(reg) in vivo and reduce allergen-driven pathology. Multiple T(reg) dependent and independent mechanisms of therapeutic action are employed by MSC.
Pharmacy students' career aspirations and attitudes towards their chosen profession (2003)

<p><b>Objective</b> - To investigate the career aspirations of undergraduate students inpharmacy, and gain information about likely career preferences and workpatterns, and wastage from the profession.</p><p><b>Method</b> - Third- and fourth-year undergraduate students enrolled in pharmacy atthe University of Tasmania and James Cook University were surveyed.The anonymous questionnaire sought students' opinions on the level ofsatisfaction with their choice of career and university course, factors that wouldinfluence their career and workplace selection once graduated, their likelycareer destination and work basis, and the major aspects of pharmacy thatstimulated or deterred them.</p><p><b>Results</b> - The survey was completed by 119 students, 66 from the University ofTasmania and 53 from James Cook University. In general, the pharmacy studentsappeared to be satisfied with their choice of university course and career, withfemales indicating higher levels of satisfaction. Community pharmacypredominated as a likely career choice, while only 14% of the sample selectedfull-time hospital pharmacy practice. Males were more likely to nominatecommunity pharmacy ownership as their intended career option than werefemales. A mix of community and hospital pharmacy, and consultant pharmacypractice were both popular choices. Income was considered to be oneimportant determinant of likely career choice, but it rated lower than helpingthe public, good work conditions, intellectual stimulation, and interesting andchallenging work. Males and students intending to be pharmacy owners ratedincome as a more important determinant of career/workplace selection than didother students. The most commonly cited positive features of pharmacy werehelping patients and the public, the opportunity to travel, consultant pharmacy,and work variety/ flexibility. The most commonly nominated negative featureswere the lack of autonomy and respect, paperwork, low pay, monotony, dealingwith difficult customers, and long hours and stress.</p><b>Conclusion</b> - Pharmacy students appear to be satisfied with their choice ofuniversity course and career. Students are eager to take on new professionalopportunities in the provision of cognitive services. However, hospital pharmacyis likely to experience major difficulties in attracting new graduates. Tacklingwork conditions and enabling flexibility and variety in work are probably keystrategies in attempting to retain young graduates within the profession.Contemporary pharmacy practice and curricula seem to be better suited to females.
A novel method for laser-induced periodic domain reversal in LiNbO/sub 3/ [nonlinear optical waveguide] (2000)

An intense laser light in conjunction with a strong localized field is used to reverse the polarity of the ferroelectric domain at the location of a laser beam. The focus beam from an argon laser raises the temperature of a moving z-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ plate close to the Curie point when a bipolar square wave electric field is applied. This technique has been used to construct a nonlinear periodic optical waveguide structure. This waveguide can be used for quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation. The applications of such waveguides are well documented in the literature.
Trapped Flux in Impure Superconductive Tin (1956)

We have measured the percentage of trapped flux in cylindrical tin samples containing antimony, bismuth, or indium, with particular regard to the effect of annealing. The flux was trapped by the application and removal of a large transverse magnetic field. Our results do not confirm Pippard's conclusion that a marked change in flux trapping behavior occurs at a critical concentration of impurity. Instead we find that all samples, whether of high- or of low-impurity concentration, follow the same behavior, namely, that the percentage of trapped flux rises steeply near the transition temperature, and that this rise decreases monotonically with annealing time. In all cases in which this rise is discernible its temperature dependence is linear with the function ${(1\ensuremath{-}{t}^{4})}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$ up to $t>~0.98$, where $t=\frac{T}{{T}_{c}}$. We believe that the binary specimens used by us as well as those used by Pippard have a substructure of filaments of different concentration, which trap flux when the sample is insufficiently annealed. In support of this view we cite extensive metallurgical evidence for the existence of such a substructure, and a crude measurement on two of our annealed specimens which showed that the magnetic field needed to restore resistance was much higher than the threshold field of the bulk material, and that this transition was quite broad.
Carcinogenicity of benzene, toluene and xylene: epidemiological and experimental evidence. (1988)

Benzene. The evidence for carcinogenicity of benzene in humans was evaluated by the IARC in 1982 as follows: "It is established that human exposure to commercial benzene or benzene-containing mixtures can cause damage to the haematopoietic system, including pancytopenia. The relationship between benzene exposure and the development of acute myelogenous leukaemia has been established in epidemiological studies. "Reports linking exposure to benzene with other malignancies were considered to be inadequate for evaluation. "There is sufficient evidence that benzene is carcinogenic to man." This evaluation now warrants some elaboration and updating. While the epidemiological evidence concerning benzene carcinogenicity is strongest for acute myelocytic leukaemia, there is some limited evidence of increased risks of chronic myeloid and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. In addition, recent studies have suggested an increased risk of multiple myeloma, while others indicate a dose-related increase for total lymphatic and haematopoietic neoplasms. Corroborative evidence for such a generalized effect comes from experimental studies showing that exposure to benzene depresses all lympho-haematopoietic cell lines. While only limited evidence of benzene carcinogenicity in experimental animals exists, the recent findings of the National Toxicology Program (NTP, 1984) in the U.S.A. and Maltoni et al. (1985) strongly indicate that benzene is an experimental carcinogen. Toluene and xylene. While no direct human evidence is available, there is recent evidence of carcinogenicity of toluene and xylene at high concentrations in experimental animals. It should also be noted that any future epidemiological observations of cancer risks associated with toluene or xylene would have to take account of the suspected effects of benzene impurities.
Electronic warfare systems (2002)

Electronic warfare (EW) is an important capability that can advance desired military, diplomatic, and economic objectives or, conversely, impede undesired ones. In a military application, EW provides the means to counter, in all battle phases, hostile actions that involve the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum-from the beginning when enemy forces are mobilized for an attack, through to the final engagement. EW exploits the EM environment by sensing and analyzing an adversary's application of the spectrum and imposing appropriate countermeasures (CMs) to hostile spectrum use. EW sensors are one means by which the military gathers tactical intelligence from noncooperative forces. EW sensors, together with EW CMs, mitigate the effectiveness of an adversary's electrooptic/infrared, and radio frequency-controlled weapons. EW enhances the survivability of the host force through control and manipulation of the EM environment and denies or limits its use by an adversary. EM spectrum CMs to threat systems can be selectively applied on a time- and/or frequency-multiplexed basis so that host force use of the EM spectrum is uninhibited.
Short-term variability of biomarkers of proteinase activity in patients with emphysema associated with type Z alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (2005)

We found acceptable variability in our study parameters, indicating the feasibility of their use in an evaluation of biochemical efficacy of alpha-1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy in Pi Z subjects.
[The study of the invasive biologic behavior of ameloblastoma]. (2004)

AB is a high invasive tumor. The biological behavior of AB is related to lost or abnormal expression of E-cad, the high expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF.
Evolving superantigens of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2000)

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria utilize an extensive array of molecular countermeasures to manipulate the defensive microenvironment of the infected host and colonize potentially any tissue. The secreted polypeptides referred to as superantigens are unique among these countermeasures, because they target the multireceptor communication between T cells and antigen-presenting cells that is fundamental to initiating pathogen-specific immune clearance. Superantigens play a critical role in toxic-shock syndrome and food poisoning, yet their function in routine infections is not well understood. While an association of superantigens with cases of human autoimmune disease seems tantalizing, convincing data are not yet available. Blocking antigen-specific T-cell recognition is the primary evolutionary driving force behind superantigen selection, whereas superantigen-specific pathologies are by-products that are apparent only under select conditions.
Surface-relief type Bragg grating reflector fabricated after overcladding removal (1993)

A novel silica-based Bragg grating reflector on Si substrate is described. The reflector is formed on a core whose overcladding layer is removed by RIE until it is level with the core surface. The reflector which comprises a rectangular relief type grating only 1.6 mm long has the advantages of a highly controllable Bragg wavelength and a high reflectivity of 76% for the TE mode.
Grokking the GIMP (2000)

From the Publisher:
Grokking the is for the serious user of the GNU Image Manipulation Program, a premiere digital image editing and painting program. It covers the GIMP in depth, and complex tasks are intuitively presented and explained using an interactive approach. In addition to emphasizing the theory and core concepts of image manipulation, Grokking the beautifully illustrates the practical aspects of working with digital images. This fully 4-color book presents nine major projects and a collection of many smaller ones that illustrate the core and advanced uses of this powerful open-source application. Numbered steps and an abundance of color images walk the reader through real-world examples of color correction, image enhancement, collage, photo montage, rendering, and Web-graphics creation.
STUDY OF CONTACT FAILURES IN INTEGRATED CIRCUITS. (1967)

The program consisted of an investigation of the metallurgical reactions occurring at ohmic contact interfaces which would ultimately affect the reliability of semiconductor integrated circuits. The activation energies which determine the predominant reaction mechanisms and thus can be used to predict long-term reliability of the interfaces were evaluated. The material systems studied were those used in interconnections and terminations found in integrated circuits. Basically, the study consisted of observing resistivity changes in thin-film test samples aged at elevated temperatures, from which activation energies were determined. Also, phenomenological activation energies were compared with published values for diffusion in the systems studies. Concurrent complementary studies used optical micorscopy and electron diffraction to determine the metallurgical reactions occurring. The activation energies for those systems in which changes appeared were evaluated for use in long-term reliability prediction. (Author)
Restoration of medical ultrasound images using two-dimensional homomorphic deconvolution (1995)

Describes how two-dimensional (2D) homomorphic deconvolution can be used to improve the lateral and radial resolution of medical ultrasound images recorded by a sector scanner. The recorded radio frequency ultrasound image in polar coordinates is considered as a 2D sequence of angle and depth convolved with a 2D space invariant point-spread function (PSF). Each polar coordinate sequence is transformed into the 2D complex cepstrum domain using the fast Fourier transform for Cartesian coordinates. The low-angle and low-depth portion of this sequence is taken as an estimate of the complex cepstrum representation of the PSF. It is transformed back to the Fourier frequency domain and is used to compute the deconvolved angle and depth sequence by 2D Wiener filtering. Two-dimensional homomorphic deconvolution produced substantial improvement in the resolution of B-mode images of a tissue-mimicking phantom in vitro and of several human tissues in vivo. It was better than lateral or radial homomorphic deconvolution alone, and better than 2D Wiener filtering with a PSF recorded in vitro.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
H-BIND: a new approach to providing statistical performance guarantees to VBR traffic (2002)

Current solutions to providing statistical performance guarantees to bursty traffic such as compressed video encounter several problems: (1) source traffic descriptors are often too simple to capture the burstiness and important time-correlations of VBR sources or too complex to be used for admission control algorithms; (2) stochastic descriptions of a source are inherently difficult for the network to enforce or police; (3) multiplexing inside the network's queues may change the stochastic properties of the source in an intractable way, precluding the provision of end-to-end QoS guarantees to heterogeneous sources with different performance requirements. We present a new approach to providing end-to-end statistical performance guarantees that overcomes these limitations. We term the approach hybrid bounding interval dependent (H-BIND) because it uses the deterministic-BIND traffic model to capture the correlation structure and burstiness properties of a stream; but unlike a deterministic performance guarantee, it achieves a statistical multiplexing gain (SMG) by exploiting the statistical properties of deterministically-bounded streams. Using traces of MPEG-compressed video, we show that the H-BIND scheme can achieve average network utilizations of up to 86% in a realistic scenario.
Autophagy and apoptosis: rivals or mates? (2013)

Autophagy, a cellular process of "self-eating" by which intracellular components are degraded within the lysosome, is an evolutionarily conserved response to various stresses. Autophagy is associated with numerous patho-physiological conditions, and dysregulation of autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases including cancer. Depending on context, activation of autophagy may promote either cell survival or death, two major events that determine pathological process of many illnesses. Importantly, the activity of autophagy is often associated with apoptosis, another critical cellular process determining cellular fate. A better understanding of biology of autophagy and its implication in human health and disorder, as well as the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis, has the potential of facilitating the development of autophagy-based therapeutic interventions for human diseases such as cancer.
Optical Principles of Endoscopy (1976)

Those optical characteristics which are of importance in the evaluation and comparison of endoscopes are, in general, easily observed and evaluated. An understanding of these characteristics and the means by which they are observed and measured is of benefit to beginning as well as experienced endoscopists. These factors will be defined and methods of observing, measuring and comparing them described.
Suppression of proline-directed protein kinase FAexpression inhibits the growth of human chronic myeloid leukaemia cells (2000)

Initial studies revealed that proline-directed protein kinase F(A) (PDPK F(A)) was overexpressed in various cancerous tissues relative to normal controls. However, the functional role of overexpressed PDPK F(A) in cancer remains to be established. In this report, we explore the potential role of PDPK F(A) in leukaemia cell growth by investigating the effects of partial inhibition of this kinase on the malignant phenotype of human chronic myeloid leukaemia cells (K562). Cloning of PDPK F(A) cDNA and its recombinant antisense expression vector and PDPK F(A)-specific antibody were successfully developed. Two stable antisense clones of K562 cells were subcloned which expressed 70% and 45% of PDPK F(A) respectively, compared with control-transfected clone in both immunoprecipitate activity assay and immunoblot analysis. In sharp contrast, these two antisense clones expressed no significant suppression of any other related PDPK family members, indicating the specificity of these two antisense clones. Moreover, these antisense clones proportionally and potentially exhibited cell growth retardation, poor clonogenic growth in soft agar and loss of serum independence. The results demonstrate that specific antisense suppression of PDPK F(A) is sufficient to interfere with the growth of K562 cells, indicating that PDPK F(A) is essential for human chronic myeloid leukaemia cell growth.