gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin-Film Piezoelectric Materials For a Better Energy Harvesting MEMS (2012)

Ferroelectric PZT-based perovskite thin films are widely studied for fabrication of compact piezoelectric energy harvesting (EH) power microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) due to their large piezoelectric coefficients. Output energy of the piezoelectric EH power MEMS is chiefly governed by their energy conversion rate, κ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and/or (e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /ε), where e and ε denote their piezoelectric coefficient and dielectric constant. The values of (e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /ε) are considered as figures of merit (FOM) for the piezoelectric EH power MEMS. At present nonferroelectric AlN thin films are considered as a candidate for a better piezoelectric EH power MEMS due to their high FOM values. These PZT-based thin films are mostly polycrystalline thin films of binary perovskite compounds, Pb(Zr, Ti)O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (PZT). We have proposed single crystal thin films of PZT-based ternary perovskite compounds, Pb(Mn,Nb)O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -PZT (PMnN-PZT), instead of the binary perovskite PZT. The single crystal PMnN-PZT thin films have been successively fabricated by rf-magnetron sputtering. It is found that the FOM values of single c-domain/single crystal PMnN-PZT thin films are one order of magnitude higher than those of AlN thin films. This suggests output powers of the PMnN-PZT thin-film EH power MEMS are one order of magnitude higher than those of the AlN thin-film EH power MEMS.
Immunofluorescent polar tips of Rhizobium japonicum: possible site of attachment or lectin binding (1976)

Rhizobium japonicum USDA 31 demonstrated marked polarity by binding homologous fluorescent antibody (FA) heavily on one end of the cell. FA prepared against R. japonicum strains 110 and 138, and against R. trifolii TA1 cross-reacted with strain 31 only in the polar tip region. No polar immunofluorescing tips could be seen with FA against two other strains of R. japonicum or with those against several unrelated microorganisms. Common antigens localized only in a polar region were seen in many rhizobia stained with R. japonicum 31 FA: 22 of 23 strains of R. japonicum, 10 of 17 strains of R. trifolii, 3 of 7 strains of R. melitolii, 3 of 6 strains of R. phaseoli, and 3 of 9 strains of R. leguminosarum had some cells with detectable polar tips. The proportion of R. japonicum 31 cells with polar tips was high throughout the growth cycle. Polar tip staining was not affected by drastic cell treatments. A function was proposed for the polar tip region as a site for attachment. R. japonicum 31 cells attached to each other in a tip-to-tip fashion and endwise to fungal hyphae with the polar tip in contact with the hyphal wall. Binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled soybean lectin to certain strains of R. japonicum gave additional evidence of polarity. Polar binding of both antibody and lectin may provide insights into relationships between rhizobia and roots of host legumes.
Use of Antibiotic Resistance Analysis To Identify Nonpoint Sources of Fecal Pollution (1999)

A study was conducted to determine the reliability and repeatability of antibiotic resistance analysis as a method of identifying the sources of fecal pollution in surface water and groundwater. Four large sets of isolates of fecal streptococci (from 2,635 to 5,990 isolates per set) were obtained from 236 samples of human sewage and septage, cattle and poultry feces, and pristine waters. The patterns of resistance of the isolates to each of four concentrations of up to nine antibiotics were analyzed by discriminant analysis. When isolates were classified individually, the average rate of correct classification (ARCC) into four possible types (human, cattle, poultry, and wild) ranged from 64 to 78%. When the resistance patterns of all isolates from each sample were averaged and the resulting sample-level resistance patterns were classified, the ARCCs were much higher (96 to 100%). These data confirm that there are measurable and consistent differences in the antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal streptococci isolated from various sources of fecal pollution and that antibiotic resistance analysis can be used to classify and identify these sources.
Obstetric and anesthetic considerations in the May-Hegglin anomaly. A case report. (1993)

The obstetric and anesthetic considerations in the management of a patient with the May-Hegglin anomaly, an autosomal dominant platelet deficiency, are discussed. A review of the medical literature notes three previous case reports of May-Hegglin anomaly in pregnancy. In addition to the two successful pregnancies reported in this paper, there are four infant survivors among the five reported pregnancies. Anesthetic managements included general and spinal anesthesia: the latter employed following platelet transfusion. A successful pregnancy should be anticipated when management includes a well-informed patient and coordinated obstetric and anesthetic care.
Macros that work (1991)

Article Macros that work Share on Authors: William Clinger Department of Computer Science, University of Oregon Department of Computer Science, University of OregonView Profile , Jonathan Rees Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims POPL '91: Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languagesJanuary 1991 Pages 155–162https://doi.org/10.1145/99583.99607Online:03 January 1991Publication History 102citation1,489DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations102Total Downloads1,489Last 12 Months27Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Microdegree polarimetric measurement of glucose concentrations for biotechnology applications (2002)

It has long been known that certain organic molecules in solution, e.g. glucose, possess the property of optical activity, rotating the E vector of linearly-polarized light passed through the solution. A Gilham-based polarimeter uses crossed polarizers and E vector modulation to measure the amount of rotation of polarized light caused by a solution of a known path length. In the past, such systems have required the use of an expensive Faraday rotator and a high-voltage photomultiplier tube (PMT) to obtain resolutions down to the microdegree range. We have developed a modified low-cost Gilham polarimeter with microdegree resolution using a coil wound around the solution-under-test instead of a Faraday rotator, and a silicon photo-diode instead of a PMT.
Abstract P3-06-19: Ki-67 mRNA as a predictor for response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary breast cancer (2012)

Abstract Background: Stratification of molecular subtypes is of outmost importance for clinical decision making according to the 12th St Gallen Consensus conference (1). The molecular subtypes were originally identified by genome-wide mRNA analysis of fresh tissue specimen (2). Conventional immunehistochemistry assessment using ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67 approximate these subtypes with ∼ 80% concordance (3). Here we have tested a predefined Single-Sample-Predictor for molecular subtyping based on mRNA assessment of ESR1, PGR, HER2, Ki67 and RACGAP1 in a prospective-retrospective study design. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment core cut biopsies from n=100 patients with PBC treated within a randomized phase II trial (1) of anthracylin/taxane based NAC were examined. Immunohistochemistry was performed for the Ki67 antigen on an automated IHC platform (Dako Techmate 500). Ki-67 were assessed either by visual scoring (vIHC) or by quantitative image analysis (qIHC). RNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) routine biopsies was extracted using a bead-based extraction method (STRATIFYER XTRAKT kits). Fresh tissue samokes were prepared by using Qiagen kits. ESR1, PGR, HER2, Ki-67 and RACGAP1 as well as CALM2 as a house keeping gene were measured via a multiplex quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). Stratification into molecular subtypes was done by stepwise analysis of singular genes using predefined cut-off values. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, patitioning test and correlation analyses were performed using the SAS JMP® 9.0.0 software. Results: Concordance between RNA based and IHC-based subtyping into Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 positive and Triple Negative breast cancer by using ESR1, PGR, HER2, Ki-67 and RACGAP1 was at 85%. mRNA based analysis of fixed tumor specimen performed equally well as fresh tissue analysis. The rate of pathological complete Remission for the predefined molecular subtypes has been for Luminal A 0%, Luminal B 19%, HER2 positive 21% (without Trastuzumab) und Triple Negative Tumors 22%. qPCR from fresh tissue specimen resulted in almost identical classifications. The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly different between subtypes as expected: Luminal A 100%, Luminal B 85%, HER2 positiv 80% und triple negativ 60%. Luminal tumors predominantly metastasized into the bones. Cancer related deaths within the first three years were restricted tot he Triple negative Tumortype. Conclusion: The Single-Sample-Predictor based on assessment of only five mRNA Markers (ESR1, PGR, HER2, Ki-67 and RACGAP1) reliably stratified into molecular subtypes by using either fixed or fresh pretreatment core needle biopsies. The mRNA based assessment enables objective and highly reproducible subtyping for clinical routine diagnostics. 1) Goldhirsch et al., Annals of Oncology 2011 2) Perou et al., Nature 2000 3) Sotiriou&Pusztai, NEJM 2009 4) Schneeweiss et al, Ann Oncol 2011 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-19.
Boiler-simulator studies on sorbent utilization for SO/sub 2/ control. Final report, March-September 1984 (1986)

The report gives results of a program to provide process design information for sorbent utilization as applied to EPA's LIMB process. Specifically, the program was designed to investigate the role of boiler thermal history, sorbent injection location, Ca/S molar ratio, and SO/sub 2/ partial pressure on capture effectiveness with limestones, dolomites, and slaked limes with and without metallic promoters. The experimental studies were supported by theoretical calculations using grain and pore models that considered both the heterogeneous chemical reaction and the relevant diffusional processes. The experimental results and the sulfation model calculations indicate that the sorbent injection locations and the residence time within the sulfation temperature window can significantly influence overall sulfur capture for any sorbent. Unless the sorbent is promoted with a metal additive, downstream injection at about 1500 K results in optimum sorbent utilization.
Intratumoral Injection of CpG Oligonucleotides Induces the Differentiation and Reduces the Immunosuppressive Activity of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (2012)

Immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) activate cells that express TLR9 and have been shown to improve the host's response to tumor Ags. Unfortunately, the immunosuppressive microenvironment that surrounds many cancers inhibits Ag-specific cellular responses and thus interferes with CpG-mediated immunotherapy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent an important constituent of this immunosuppressive milieu. Large numbers of MDSC are present in and near tumor sites where they inhibit the activity of Ag-specific T and NK cells. Current studies indicate that the delivery of CpG ODN directly into the tumor bed reduces the immunosuppressive activity of monocytic (CD11b(+), Ly6G(-), Ly6C(high)) MDSC. Monocytic MDSC express TLR9 and respond to CpG stimulation by 1) losing their ability to suppress T cell function, 2) producing Th1 cytokines, and 3) differentiating into macrophages with tumoricidal capability. These findings provide insight into a novel mechanism by which CpG ODN contribute to tumor regression, and they support intratumoral injection as the optimal route for their delivery.
Solidification in heat packs: II. Role of cavitation (2003)

Abstract When the metallic trigger in a commercial heat pack is flexed to initiate solidification, the acceleration of the liquid near the solid surface can cause cavitation and collapse of small vapor bubbles. It is investigated whether such cavitation is responsible for the operation of the metallic trigger in the subcooled sodium acetate solution in a heat pack. Using cavity collapse theory and the results in Part I for the nucleation pressure of a sodium acetate solution, it is shown that cavitation can generate pressures greater than the nucleation pressure of the solution. However, the period of time during which the solution is exposed to such high pressure is not sufficient to lead to nucleation, and hence the metallic trigger does not induce solidification as a result of cavitation. Experimental results, using sonication, tribonucleation, and shock waves, confirm the theoretical findings.
Placebo Response in Studies of Major Depression (2002)

The response to placebo in published trials of antidepressant medication for MDD is highly variable and often substantial and has increased significantly in recent years, as has the response to medication. These observations support the view that the inclusion of a placebo group has major scientific importance in trials of new antidepressant medications and indicate that efforts should continue to minimize the risks of such studies so that they may be conducted in an ethically acceptable manner.
Condensed tannins. 12. Polymeric leuco-fisetinidin tannins from the heartwood of <i>Acacia mearnsii</i> (1962)

the principal products. Ammonia is formed by the hydrolysis of amide groups in the casein, but no deamination of amino acids occurs.
A system for graph-based visualization of the evolution of software (2003)

We describe GEVOL, a system that visualizes the evolution of software using a novel graph drawing technique for visualization of large graphs with a temporal component. GEVOL extracts information about a Java program stored within a CVS version control system and displays it using a temporal graph visualizer. This information can be used by programmers to understand the evolution of a legacy program: Why is the program structured the way it is? Which programmers were responsible for which parts of the program during which time periods? Which parts of the program appear unstable over long periods of time and may need to be rewritten? This type of information will complement that produced by more static tools such as source code browsers, slicers, and static analyzers.
Convergence of iDTV and home network platforms (2004)

This poster presentation describes some possible scenarios illustrating the interaction between digital TV receivers and home networks. These scenarios are based on free implementations of open interactive digital TV (iDTV) platforms (DASE and MHP) and home network platforms (OSGi). A brief comparison of some available platform implementations is given in the presentation. Proposed scenarios include administration of a home network from the screen of an iDTV receiver, delivery of software bundles to an OSGi platform via a data broadcast carousel and interaction between iDTV applications and devices in home networks. Possible scenarios are illustrated by corresponding demonstrations of actual prototypes.
A Fast Indoor/Outdoor Transition Detection Algorithm Based on Machine Learning (2019)

The widespread popularity of smartphones makes it possible to provide Location-Based Services (LBS) in a variety of complex scenarios. The location and contextual status, especially the Indoor/Outdoor switching, provides a direct indicator for seamless indoor and outdoor positioning and navigation. It is challenging to quickly detect indoor and outdoor transitions with high confidence due to a variety of signal variations in complex scenarios and the similarity of indoor and outdoor signal sources in the IO transition regions. In this paper, we consider the challenge of switching quickly in IO transition regions with high detection accuracy in complex scenarios. Towards this end, we analyze and extract spatial geometry distribution, time sequence and statistical features under different sliding windows from GNSS measurements in Android smartphones and present a novel IO detection method employing an ensemble model based on stacking and filtering the detection result by Hidden Markov Model. We evaluated our algorithm on four datasets. The results showed that our proposed algorithm was capable of identifying IO state with 99.11% accuracy in indoor and outdoor environment where we have collected data and 97.02% accuracy in new indoor and outdoor scenarios. Furthermore, in the scenario of indoor and outdoor transition where we have collected data, the recognition accuracy reaches 94.53% and the probability of switching delay within 3 s exceeds 80%. In the new scenario, the recognition accuracy reaches 92.80% and the probability of switching delay within 4 s exceeds 80%.
Platelet Transfusion in Critical Care and Surgery (2016)

Thrombocytopenia is prevalent in critical care, surgical, and trauma settings. Despite the fact that a significant proportion of these patients receive platelet transfusion during their hospital course, much work remains to be done with regard to development of platelet transfusion guidelines. Given the wide variety of platelet transfusion practices and the frequency with which patients present with thrombocytopenia, it is paramount to understand standards of care and to identify deficiencies that may exist. This review explores evidence and recommendations for platelet transfusion thresholds and practices in a variety of critical care and surgical settings with specific focus on the role of platelet transfusion in trauma, management and reversal of anticoagulation, and point of care laboratory assays. To this end, a literature review was performed utilizing PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to select 153 manuscripts that evaluate the current data supporting platelet transfusions in surgical and critical care populations. Advances in transfusion medicine and synthetic platelet substitutes that can be engineered for potential future applications will also be discussed.
Tracking the Motion of Sea Ice by Correlation Sonar (1997)

A prototype correlation sonar has been developed for the measurement of ice motion in polar seas. It operates in the very shallow-water mode as a two-pulse spatial correlation log. The design was guided by numerical signal simulations, which justified the implementation of first-difference filtering of the signal prior to cross correlation. Four components of velocity are measured separately and combined in optimal least squares fashion. Controlled trials in air and water have clearly demonstrated the acquisition of useable interference patterns from simulated ice targets. The prototype has been deployed under moving sea ice during three winters in the Beaufort Sea, using four pulse intervals between 0.08 and 10 s that provided a speed range of 50 cm s−1. The observations have been evaluated in relation to independent ice speed and topography measurements by Doppler and ice-profiling sonars installed nearby. Useable data were obtained about 80% of the time over wide ranges in the speed and character of the ice target. Except for very low speeds, the estimates by correlation were noisy relative to Doppler determinations. This characteristic was traceable to the nature of the operating algorithm, to the design of the receiving antenna, and, at times, to the highly specular character of the echo from the ice. Only about 1% of data loss was attributable to reasonable failures of the operating algorithm. Within the remaining fraction, the incidence of loss increased with increasing displacement of the interference pattern across the antenna between pulses. This is consistent with a decreasing ability to track the interference pattern using a linear array of hydrophones when pattern displacement transverse to the array exceeds the pattern decorrelation scale. In future development of the correlation sonar for this application, it is recommended that the design of the transmitting and receiving arrays be modified to reduce the incidence of tracking failures, that all hydrophones in the receiving antenna be operated simultaneously, that the operating mode be converted from a spatial to a temporal correlation concept, and that the dynamic range be extended. With these enhancements, the correlation sonar will be an effective tool for ice observation in polar seas.
Enhanced Immune Response Against the Thomsen-Friedenreich Tumor Antigen Using a Bivalent Entirely Carbohydrate Conjugate (2020)

The Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen is a key target for the development of anticancer vaccines, and this ongoing challenge remains relevant due to the poor immunogenicity of the TF antigen. To overcome this challenge, we adopted a bivalent conjugate design which introduced both the TF antigen and the Thomsen-nouveau (Tn) antigen onto the immunologically relevant polysaccharide A1 (PS A1). The immunological results in C57BL/6 mice revealed that the bivalent, Tn-TF-PS A1 conjugate increased the immune response towards the TF antigen as compared to the monovalent TF-PS A1. This phenomenon was first observed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) where the bivalent conjugate generated high titers of IgG antibodies where the monovalent conjugate generated an exclusive IgM response. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis also revealed increased binding events to the tumor cell lines MCF-7 and OVCAR-5, which are consistent with the enhanced tumor cell lysis observed in a complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay. The cytokine profile generated by the bivalent construct revealed increased pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IFN-γ. This increase in cytokine concentration was matched with an increase in cytokine producing cells as observed by ELISpot. We hypothesized the mechanisms for this phenomenon to involve the macrophage galactose <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine specific lectin 2 (MGL2). This hypothesis was supported by using biotinylated probes and recombinant MGL2 to measure carbohydrate-protein interactions.