gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short and tweet (2010)

More and more web users keep up with newest information through information streams such as the popular micro-blogging website Twitter. In this paper we studied content recommendation on Twitter to better direct user attention. In a modular approach, we explored three separate dimensions in designing such a recommender: content sources, topic interest models for users, and social voting. We implemented 12 recommendation engines in the design space we formulated, and deployed them to a recommender service on the web to gather feedback from real Twitter users. The best performing algorithm improved the percentage of interesting content to 72% from a baseline of 33%. We conclude this work by discussing the implications of our recommender design and how our design can generalize to other information streams.
Categorizing Binary Topological Relations Between Regions, Lines, and Points in Geographic Databases (1998)

This research was partially funded by NSF grant No. IRI-9309230 and grants from Intergraph Corporation. Additional support from NSF for the NCGIA under No. SBR-9204141 is gratefully acknowledged. Max J. Egenhofer University of Maine, National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis and Department of Surveying Engineering, Department of Computer Science, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5711, max@mecan1.maine.edu
Dispersion of SAW velocity and transformation of SAW into bulk waves in reflective gratings (2003)

This report deals with the investigation of the SAW velocity dispersion and determination of the coefficients of SAW transformation into bulk acoustic waves on the basis of experimental and theoretical analysis of the SAW propagation in reflective gratings. The reflective gratings consist of the irregular sequence of grooves on the surface of the lithium niobate YZ-cut.
Exposing digital forgeries in video by detecting double quantization (2009)

We describe a technique for detecting double quantization in digital video that results from double MPEG compression or from combining two videos of different qualities (e.g., green-screening). We describe how double quantization can introduce statistical artifacts that while not visible, can be quantified, measured, and used to detect tampering. This technique can detect highly localized tampering in regions as small as 16 x 16 pixels.
Structural studies of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> EPSP synthase in unliganded state, tetrahedral intermediate‐bound state and S3P‐GLP‐bound state (2003)

The shikimate pathway synthesizes aromatic amino acids and other essential metabolites that are necessary for bacteria, plants and fungi to survive. This pathway is not present in vertebrates and therefore represents an attractive target for antibacterial agents. We have successfully crystallized and solved the structure of unliganded, inhibitor-liganded and tetrahedral intermediate (TI)-liganded forms of Streptococcus pneumoniae EPSP synthase. The overall topology of the S. pneumoniae EPSP synthase is similar to that of the Escherichia coli EPSP synthase. In addition, the majority of residues responsible for ligand binding were conserved between the two proteins. TI-liganded structure provides absolute configuration of the C-2 atom from the F-PEP moiety of the enzyme-bound intermediate and also defines key residues responsible for the enzyme reaction. Comparison of the unliganded state and substrate-bound state of the enzyme provides insights into the structural mechanisms involved in dynamic events of ligand binding, domain movement and closure. This structural study of the pathogenic bacteria S. pneumoniae EPSP synthase with inhibitor and TI will provide invaluable information for the design of new-generation antibiotics.
Small molecular hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs): structural diversity and classification (2018)

Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are integral to the construction of a wide variety of state-of-the-art semiconductor devices today.
Trade Liberalization and the Economy of China: (2000)

中国はWTO加盟に向けて，関税引下げ，非関税障壁の撤廃など，貿易自由化の努力を続けている。本稿では，これらの自由化措置がマクロおよび産業レベルの中国経済に及ぼすインパクトを，CGEモデルに基づく199ト2010年の動学シミュレーションにより定量的に分析する。シミュレーション結果によれば，関税引下げは一般にプラスの効果が大きいが，関税障壁の撤廃はプラスよりもマイナスの効果が著しく，為替レート切下げなどの相殺措置が有効になる。
Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der (2008)

While mobility in the sense of node movement has been an intensively studied aspect of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), another aspect of mobility has not yet been subjected to systematic research: nodes may not only move around but also enter and leave the network. In fact, many proposed protocols for MANETs exhibit worst-case behavior when an intended communication partner is currently not present. This thesis addresses the problem of detecting the presence of nodes in MANETs and provides lightweight solutions to the problem. As our major contribution, we introduce soft-state presence detection. It uses a Bloom filter-based beaconing mechanism to aggregate and distribute information about the presence of network nodes. This soft-state approach decays information over time, enabling the removal of no-longer-present nodes from aggregates, which is not possible with standard Bloom filter operations. Privacy issues and design alternatives of this approach are also discussed. While being a lightweight presence detection, the soft-state approach provides an additional
Atlantic salmon require long-chain <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids for optimal growth throughout the seawater period (2016)

The nutritional requirement for n-3 long-chain PUFA in fast-growing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during grow out in the sea is not well documented. Diets were formulated with levels of EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) ranging from 1·3 to 7·4 % of fatty acids (4-24 g/kg feed). Two long-term trials were conducted through the seawater phase, the first at 6 and 12°C, and the second at 12°C. In the first trial, growth at both temperatures was significantly lower in fish fed 1·4 % EPA+DHA of total fatty acids compared with the 5·2 % EPA+DHA group. In the second trial, growth was significantly lower in fish fed 1·3 and 2·7 % compared with 4·4 and 7·4 % EPA + DHA. Fatty acid composition in the fish reflected diet composition, but only after a 7-fold increase in body weight did the fatty acid profile of the fish stabilise according to dietary fatty acids (shown for EPA and DHA). The retention efficiency of DHA increased with decreasing dietary levels, and was 120-190 and 120-200 % in trials 1 and 2, respectively. The retention efficiency of EPA was lower (60-200 %), and values >100 % were only achieved at the lowest dietary levels in both trials. Temperature did not affect fatty acid retention efficiency. These results suggest that Atlantic salmon have a specific requirement for EPA + DHA >2·7 % of fatty acids for optimal long-term growth in seawater, and that short-term growth trials with less weight increase would not show these effects.
Feature based segmentation and clustering on forest fire video (2007)

There are some reported segmentation and clustering techniques used to analyze, browse and retrieve videos. They work on general video clips but features of special applications need to be considered to improve the accuracy. This paper focuses on segmentation and clustering of forest fire videos. Not only general frame features, but also fire features are used to segment videos and cluster scenes. Four frame features, color histogram, dominant colors, percentage and average of dominant colors, are defined to measure the similarity between frames, and key frames are extracted to index the video division. Flame color region is defined in HSV space, and the pixels with fire are tracked in each key frame to help decide the frame content as with or without fire. The segments with the same content are then clustered into one scene. Fire features are also utilized to locate the exact starting frame and ending frame with fire, which may be required in fire detection. Experiment results show that the proposed approach works efficiently on forest fire videos and is helpful for automatic fire decision.
Marking for process, self-reflection and autonomy: designing item specifications for business writing (2005)

This paper describes curricular, pedagogical and assessment-related factors that affect the design and implementation of a grid of ten item specifications for an advanced writing course. The study is located within a second year Business Writing programme of a Bachelor of Arts in English as an Additional Language (EAL). The marking criteria described were created to fulfil a number of purposes simultaneously. These item specifications serve as item descriptors, a focussed curriculum aid or pro forma and an evaluative assessment and feedback tool. As such, they may promote tutor ease without reducing feedback quantity. The item specifications incorporate such skills as self-editing and reflection, collaborative editing, and ability to work independently on improvement of recurrent language errors or features of discourse belonging to a particular genre. The design and implementation stages of this study hypothesise that learners of Business Writing within an EAL Programme benefit from acquiring a range of self-analytic, self-reflective and self-corrective skills to enable them autonomously to draft and reformulate well structured, accurate and professional-looking business texts. Drawing on a range of literature, this paper describes the process of designing and implementing item specifications that prescribe and assess these skills. Next, it introduces main findings from the evaluative implementation stage, and offers rationale for ten criteria chosen for the item specifications.
Increased collagen turnover is only partly associated with collagen fiber deposition in the arterial response to injury (2003)

In the first week after arterial injury, increased collagen content is associated with increased collagen synthesis and degradation. However, after 1 week, collagen turnover remains high in contrast to increased collagen fiber content. This suggests that after 1 week, collagen turnover is used for other processes like cell migration and arterial remodeling.
In situ X-ray probing reveals fingerprints of surface platinum oxide (2010)

In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Pt L(3) edge is a useful probe for Pt-O interactions at polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathodes. We show that XAS using the high energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) mode, applied to a well-defined monolayer Pt/Rh(111) sample where the bulk penetrating hard X-rays probe only surface Pt atoms, provides a unique sensitivity to structure and chemical bonding at the Pt-electrolyte interface. Ab initio multiple-scattering calculations using the FEFF code and complementary extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) results indicate that the commonly observed large increase of the white-line at high electrochemical potentials on PEMFC cathodes originates from platinum oxide formation, whereas previously proposed chemisorbed oxygen-containing species merely give rise to subtle spectral changes.
Majorana fermions in Ge/Si hole nanowires (2014)

We consider Ge/Si core/shell nanowires with hole states coupled to an $s$-wave superconductor in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. We employ a microscopic model that takes into account material-specific details of the band structure such as strong and electrically tunable Rashba-type spin-orbit interaction and $g$ factor anisotropy for the holes. In addition, the proximity-induced superconductivity Hamiltonian is derived starting from a microscopic model. In the topological phase, the nanowires host Majorana fermions with localization lengths that depend strongly on both the magnetic and electric fields. We identify the optimal regime in terms of the directions and magnitudes of the fields in which the Majorana fermions are the most localized at the nanowire ends. In short nanowires, the Majorana fermions hybridize and form a subgap fermion whose energy is split away from zero and oscillates as a function of the applied fields. The period of these oscillations could be used to measure the dependence of the spin-orbit interaction on the applied electric field and the $g$ factor anisotropy.
<title>Audio watermarking for live performance</title> (2003)

Audio watermarking has been used mainly for digitally stored content. Using real-time watermark embedding, its coverage can be extended to live broadcasts and live performances. In general, a conventional embedding algorithm receives a host signal (HS) and outputs the summation of the HS and a watermark signal (WS). However, when applied to real-time embedding, there are two problems: (1) delay of the HS, and (2) possible interruption of the broadcast. To solve these problems, we propose a watermark generation algorithm that outputs only a WS, and a system composition method in which a mixer outside the computer mixes the WS generated by the algorithm and the HS. In addition, we propose a new composition method "sonic watermarking." In this composition method, the sound of the HS and the sound of the WS are played separately by two speakers, and the sounds are mixed in the air. Using this composition method, it would be possible to generate a watermarking sound in a concerto hall so that the watermark could be detected from content recorded by audience members who have recording devices at their seats. We report on the results of experiments and discuss the merits and flaws of various real-time watermarking composition methods.
Performance of high-rate high-sensitivity optical communications with forward error correction coding (2004)

High-sensitivity optical communications with coding is investigated experimentally to explore performance limits in the low photon-per-bit regime. Receiver sensitivities of 11 and 16 photons-per-bit at bit-error-rate are demonstrated for OOK and DPSK at 1OGbps
IL-7 Induces Myelopoiesis and Erythropoiesis (2007)

IL-7 administration to mice was previously reported to increase the mobilization of progenitor cells from marrow to peripheral sites. We now report that IL-7 increases the number of mature myeloid and monocytic cells in spleen and peripheral blood. This effect required T cells, and we show that IL-7 treatment in vivo induced GM-CSF and IL-3 production by T cells with memory phenotype. However, additional myelopoietic cytokines were shown to be involved because mice deficient in both GM-CSF and IL-3 also responded to IL-7 with increased myelopoiesis. Candidate cytokines included IFN-gamma and Flt3 ligand, which were also produced in response to IL-7. Because IFN-gamma-deficient mice also increased myelopoiesis, it was suggested that IL-7 induced production of redundant myelopoietic cytokines. In support of this hypothesis, we found that the supernatant from IL-7-treated, purified T cells contained myelopoietic activity that required a combination of Abs against GM-CSF, IL-3, and anti-Flt3 ligand to achieve maximum neutralization. IL-7 administration increased the number of splenic erythroid cells in either normal, Rag1 or GM-CSF-IL-3-deficient mice, suggesting that IL-7 might directly act on erythroid progenitors. In support of this theory, we detected a percentage of TER-119(+) erythroid cells that expressed the IL-7Ralpha-chain and common gamma-chain. Bone marrow cells expressing IL-7R and B220 generated erythroid colonies in vitro in response to IL-7, erythropoietin, and stem cell factor. This study demonstrates that IL-7 can promote nonlymphoid hemopoiesis and production of cytokines active in the host defense system in vivo, supporting its possible clinical utility.
The History and Development of New Guinea Impatiens (1990)

New Guinea Impatiens is an important ornamental crop in the United States and Europe. In the United States they are quickly approaching the total market value of Geraniums and major growers feel their popularity has not peaked (Konjoian 1990; Drewlow, interview, 8 May 1990).\nThe history of these plants provides insight into ornamental plant development. Future development efforts may benefit from understanding the procedures that made New Guinea Impatiens a success.\nNew Guinea Impatiens were first introduced in Europe in 1886 and instantly became popular. By the early 1900s they had virtually disappeared from cultivation because of Begonia mite infestations (Hooker 1909). Plant explorers collected and distributed New Guinea Impatiens from 1886 until 1969 but the plant did not regain its lost status.\nIn 1970 a plant exploration trip co-sponsored by Longwood Gardens and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) rediscovered New Guinea Impatiens. Their cooperative venture became a turning point in the plants' development.\nThe two organizations were interested in the possible display uses of the plant and in discovering and distributing information about its breeding and culture. Universities and commercial growers were able to work with the plants because of the commitment of Longwood and USDA to share information.\nPlant collectors, researchers, and breeders were involved in the advancement of New Guinea Impatiens in varying degrees. Only a handful of individuals were dedicated enough to promote and develop the plants.\nNew Guinea Impatiens became a success after nearly one hundred years of obscurity because of the cooperation between not-for-profit and commercial organizations, and the persistence and commitment of a few individuals.
Effects of the Flow of an Internet Shopping Mall upon Revisit Intention and Purchase Intention (2014)

Purpose - The study aims to investigate empirically the effects of the flow of an Internet shopping mall upon consumers' revisit intention and purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology - The subjects comprised customers of Internet shopping malls. SPSS 19.0 for Windows was used to verify the models and hypotheses. Frequency, factors, reliability, and regression analysis were used. Results - This study classified flow behavior factors of Internet shopping malls into four categories-skills, convenience, design, and mutual reaction-to investigate their influence on flow. Skills and convenience had a greater influence than mutual reaction and design. The flow was most influenced by convenience, followed by skills. Conclusions - First, the subjects comprised those who had made purchases at least once at an Internet shopping mall. Second, the study applied the common flow attributes of past researchers to the Internet shopping mall environment, to gauge customers' e-commerce involvement. Third, skill, convenience, and shopping mall display design affirmatively influenced the computer-mediated environment from the Internet marketing control implications perspective regarding the contents of the marketer's website.
Adjustable Prosthesis for Pulmonary Artery Banding (1967)

An adjustable, stainless-steel "ball and saddle" prosthesis has been devised for banding the main pulmonary artery in dogs. Comparisons were made between this prosthesis and circumferential cotton umbilical and Teflon tape banding in 20 dogs. The vessel lumen and pressure gradient across the banded area returned to normal after release of the ball and saddle band, but not after release of the circumferential tape bands. However, microscopic damage to the banded artery was noted in all dogs, with attenuation of the media being most evident in dogs with the steel ball and saddle prosthesis.
MD Simulations and Experimental Study of Structure, Dynamics, and Thermodynamics of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Its Oligomers (2003)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and its oligomers, using quantum chemistry-based force fields with and without many-body polarizable interactions. Inclusion of the many-body polarization in the model resulted in increased populations of the tgt and tgg conformations of 1,2-dimethoxyethane and slightly slower dynamics. Increasing the PEO dipole moment also led to increased populations of the tgt and ttg conformers and slower dynamics. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering, dielectric relaxation, and 13C spin−lattice relaxation experiments have been performed on PEO and its oligomers. New 13C NMR experiments yielded spin−lattice relaxation times that were ∼2−3 times larger than those in the previous experiments, which is in good agreement with the current simulation results. Good agreement between the MD simulation results using many-body polarizable and two-body nonpolarizable potentials was found with experiments for thermodynamic, transport, structural, and dynamic properties.
Internal and external antecedents of binge eating episodes in a group of women with bulimia nervosa (2000)

These findings support a model of binge eating for which both internal states (craving, eating the craved food) and external factors (time of day, social circumstances) need to be taken into account. Relevant models of craving are discussed, along with their implications for clinical practice.
Aqueous RDRP in the Presence of Cu<sup>0</sup>: The Exceptional Activity of Cu<sup>I</sup> Confirms the SARA ATRP Mechanism (2014)

Polymerizations and mechanistic studies have been performed to understand the kinetic pathways for the polymerization of the monomer oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether acrylate (OEOA) in aqueous media. Typically, the medium consisted of 18 wt % OEOA in water, in the presence of Cu catalysts coordinated by tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN). Well-controlled polymerization of OEOA can be achieved in the presence of halide anions and Cu wire with ≲600 ppm of soluble CuII species, rather than previously reported ca. 10 000 ppm of CuII and Cu0 particles formed by predisproportionation of CuI prior to monomer and initiator addition. The mechanistic studies conclude that even though disproportionation is thermodynamically favored in aqueous media, the SARA ATRP, not SET-LRP, mechanism holds in these reactions. This is because alkyl halides are much more rapidly activated by CuI than by Cu0 (contribution of Cu0 to activation is <1%). Because of the high activity of CuI species toward alkyl halide activation, [CuI/Me6TREN] in solution is very low (<5 μM) and classical ATRP equilibrium between CuI and CuII species is maintained. Although in aqueous media disproportionation of CuI/Me6TREN is thermodynamically favored over comproportionation, unexpectedly, in the presence of alkyl halides, i.e., during polymerization, disproportionation is kinetically minimized. Disproportionation is slow because its rate is proportional to [CuI/Me6TREN]2 and [CuI/Me6TREN] is very small. Thus, during polymerization, comproportionation is 104 times faster than disproportionation, and the final thermodynamic equilibrium between disproportionation and comproportionation could be reached only after polymerization is completed. Activation of alkyl halides by CuI/Me6TREN in aqueous media occurs 8 orders of magnitude faster than disproportionation.
Validation of website accessibility, a case study of DIMBI project (2017)

The World Wide Web network, with its ubiquitous nature, a multitude of functionalities, and a broad range of benefits seems to require proper care and maintenance in support of its continued development. This responsibility lies largely in the hands of web designers and those involved in the administration of individual pages as fundamental units of the entire virtual reality of the WWW system. It is therefore advisable for any designer to emphasize not only the high quality of the distributed content but also its proper presentation and its adjustment to the technical standards of the profession.