gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Demonstration of α1,4-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that Forms GlcNAcα1,4Galβ Residues in Human Gastrointestinal Mucosa (2001)

alpha1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (alpha4GnT) is a glycosyltransferase that mediates transfer of GlcNAc to betaGal residues with alpha1,4-linkage, forming GlcNAcalpha1--> 4Galbeta-->R structures. In normal human tissues, glycoproteins having GlcNAcalpha1-->4Galbeta-->R structures at non-reducing terminals are exclusively limited to the mucins secreted from glandular mucous cells of gastric mucosa, Brunner's gland of duodenum, and accessory gland of pancreaticobiliary tract. Recently, we have isolated a cDNA encoding human alpha4GnT by expression cloning. Although alpha4GnT plays a key role in producing this unique glycan in vitro, the actual localization of alpha4GnT was not determined. In this study we examined the localization of alpha4GnT in various human tissues, including gastrointestinal mucosa, using a newly developed antibody against human alpha4GnT. The specificity of the antibody was confirmed by analyses of human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells transfected by alpha4GnT cDNA. Expression of alpha4GnT was largely associated with the Golgi region of mucous cells that produce the mucous glycoproteins having GlcNAcalpha1-->4Galbeta-->R, such as the glandular mucous cells of stomach and Brunner's gland. An immunoprecipitation experiment disclosed that two distinct mucin proteins, MUC5AC and MUC6 present in gastric mucin, carried the GlcNAcalpha1-->4Galbeta-->R structures. These results indicate that alpha4GnT is critical to form the mucous glycoproteins having GlcNAcalpha1-->4Galbeta-->R on MUC6 and MUC5AC in vivo.(J Histochem Cytochem 49:587-596, 2001)
Structural and functional aspects of G protein-coupled receptor oligomerization (1998)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the single largest family of cell surface receptors involved in signal transduction. It is estimated that several hundred distinct members of this receptor family in humans direct responses to a wide variety of chemical transmitters, including biogenic amines, amino acids, peptides, lipids, nucleosides, and large polypeptides. These transmembrane receptors are key controllers of such diverse physiological processes as neurotransmission, cellular metabolism, secretion, cellular differentiation, and growth as well as inflammatory and immune responses. GPCRs therefore represent major targets for the development of new drug candidates with potential application in all clinical fields. Many currently used therapeutics act by either activating (agonists) or blocking (antagonists) GPCRs. Studies over the past two decades have provided a wealth of information on the biochemical events underlying cellular signalling by GPCRs. However, our understanding of the molecular interactions between ligands and the receptor protein and, particularly, of the structural correlates of receptor activation or inhibition by agonists and inverse agonists, respectively, is still rudimentary. Most of the work in this area has focused on mapping regions of the receptor responsible for drug binding affinity. Although binding of ligand molecules to specific receptors represents the first event in the action of drugs, the efficacy with which this binding is translated into a physiological response remains the only determinant of therapeutic utility. In the last few years, increasing evidence suggested that receptor oligomerization and in particular dimerization may play an important role in the molecular events leading to GPCR activation. In this paper, we review the biochemical and functional evidence supporting this notion.Key words: G proteins, receptors, dimerization, signal transduction, adrenergic.
Potentiation of antibacterial activity of azithromycin and other macrolides by normal human serum (1992)

The interaction of azithromycin with normal human serum was examined in relation to serum protein binding, MIC, and kinetics of killing of bacteria. While the binding of azithromycin to serum proteins is low (8.5% at a concentration of 0.01 mM in 95% serum), the presence of 40% serum during the MIC test decreased MICs by 26-fold for serum-resistant Escherichia coli and 15-fold for Staphylococcus aureus. Erythromycin had a similar but lesser effect, while roxithromycin was less active against S. aureus in the presence of serum. The rate of killing of E. coli and S. aureus by azithromycin was increased in the presence of serum. The enhancement of antibiotic activity by serum was pH independent, and heat inactivation and preabsorption with homologous bacteria failed to inhibit enhancement by serum. The macromolecular incorporation of [3H]thymidine by E. coli continuously exposed to 2 micrograms of azithromycin per ml (0.25x the MIC) and 40% serum was decreased by 80% at pH 7.8 and by 48% at pH 7.2, while azithromycin alone failed to inhibit incorporation. Inhibition of nucleic acid biosynthesis at pH 7.2 in the presence of serum was also detected with sub-MICs of erythromycin, norfloxacin, and gentamicin but not roxithromycin. A diffusible serum factor was shown to interact with azithromycin to inhibit the growth of E. coli in an agar diffusion assay to detect antibiotic-serum synergy.
The cargo and the transport system: secreted proteins and protein secretion in Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) (2011)

Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) is an efficient cell factory for protein production that is exploited by the enzyme industry. Yields of over 100 g secreted protein l(-1) from industrial fermentations have been reported. In this review we discuss the spectrum of proteins secreted by T. reesei and the studies carried out on its protein secretion system. The major enzymes secreted by T. reesei under production conditions are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being the major cellulases, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis of the secretome. According to genome analysis, T. reesei has fewer genes encoding enzymes involved in plant biomass degradation compared with other fungi with sequenced genomes. We also discuss other T. reesei secreted enzymes and proteins that have been studied, such as proteases, laccase, tyrosinase and hydrophobins. Investigation of the T. reesei secretion pathway has included molecular characterization of the pathway components functioning at different stages of the secretion process as well as analysis of the stress responses caused by impaired folding or trafficking in the pathway or by expression of heterologous proteins. Studies on the transcriptional regulation of the secretory pathway have revealed similarities, but also interesting differences, with other organisms, such as a different induction mechanism of the unfolded protein response and the repression of genes encoding secreted proteins under secretion stress conditions.
Clinical and Neurocognitive Effects of Clozapine and Risperidone in Treatment-Refractory Schizophrenic Patients (1998)

Both clozapine and risperidone were comparably effective across a wide spectrum of psychopathologic measures. While the efficacy of clozapine was only numerically superior to that of risperidone, it was associated with fewer extrapyramidal side effects and with progressive improvement over the 12-week treatment period, suggesting that in longer trials clozapine may prove to be superior to risperidone in neuroleptic-refractory patients.
Binding and Neutralization Antibody Titers After a Single Vaccine Dose in Health Care Workers Previously Infected With SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

Current shortages in COVID-19 vaccine production and distribution have led some experts to suggest untested regimens. Persons who have had COVID-19 are thought to have protective immunity and memory responses 2 for at least 6 months; however, neither recall responses nor ideal vaccine dosing regimens have been studied in those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. We assessed whether health care workers with previous COVID-19 infection could mount recall responses to a single dose of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine.
Real Time Object Detection and Tracking Using Deep Learning and OpenCV (2018)

Deep learning has gained a tremendous influence on how the world is adapting to Artificial Intelligence since past few years. Some of the popular object detection algorithms are Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (RCNN), Faster-RCNN, Single Shot Detector (SSD) and You Only Look Once (YOLO). Amongst these, Faster-RCNN and SSD have better accuracy, while YOLO performs better when speed is given preference over accuracy. Deep learning combines SSD and Mobile Nets to perform efficient implementation of detection and tracking. This algorithm performs efficient object detection while not compromising on the performance.
Synthesis, Characterisation and Application of Iridium(III) Photosensitisers for Catalytic Water Reduction (2011)

The synthesis of novel, monocationic iridium(III) photosensitisers (Ir-PSs) with the general formula [Ir(III)(C^N)(2)(N^N)](+) (C^N: cyclometallating phenylpyridine ligand, N^N: neutral bidentate ligand) is described. The structures obtained were examined by cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. All iridium complexes were tested for their ability as photosensitisers to promote homogeneously catalysed hydrogen generation from water. In the presence of [HNEt(3)][HFe(3)(CO)(11)] as a water-reduction catalyst (WRC) and triethylamine as a sacrificial reductant (SR), seven of the new iridium complexes showed activity. [Ir(6-iPr-bpy)(ppy)(2)]PF(6) (bpy: 2,2'-bipyridine, ppy: 2-phenylpyridine) turned out to be the most efficient photosensitiser. This complex was also tested in combination with other WRCs based on rhodium, platinum, cobalt and manganese. In all cases, significant hydrogen evolution took place. Maximum turnover numbers of 4550 for this Ir-PS and 2770 for the Fe WRC generated in situ from [HNEt(3)][HFe(3)(CO)(11)] and tris[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphine was obtained. These are the highest overall efficiencies for any Ir/Fe water-reduction system reported to date. The incident photon to hydrogen yield reaches 16.4% with the best system.
Social-BiGAT: Multimodal Trajectory Forecasting using Bicycle-GAN and Graph Attention Networks (2019)

Predicting the future trajectories of multiple interacting agents in a scene has become an increasingly important problem for many different applications ranging from control of autonomous vehicles and social robots to security and surveillance. This problem is compounded by the presence of social interactions between humans and their physical interactions with the scene. While the existing literature has explored some of these cues, they mainly ignored the multimodal nature of each human's future trajectory. In this paper, we present Social-BiGAT, a graph-based generative adversarial network that generates realistic, multimodal trajectory predictions by better modelling the social interactions of pedestrians in a scene. Our method is based on a graph attention network (GAT) that learns reliable feature representations that encode the social interactions between humans in the scene, and a recurrent encoder-decoder architecture that is trained adversarially to predict, based on the features, the humans' paths. We explicitly account for the multimodal nature of the prediction problem by forming a reversible transformation between each scene and its latent noise vector, as in Bicycle-GAN. We show that our framework achieves state-of-the-art performance comparing it to several baselines on existing trajectory forecasting benchmarks.
Exact Masses and Chemical Formulas of Individual Suwannee River Fulvic Acids from Ultrahigh Resolution Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectra (2003)

Molecular formulas have been assigned for 4626 individual Suwannee River fulvic acids based on accurate mass measurements from ions generated by electrospray ionization and observed by ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS). Formula assignments were possible because of the mass accuracy of FTICR MS at high field (9.4 T) and the regular mass spacing patterns found in fulvic acid mixtures. Sorting the 4626 individually observed ions according to Kendrick mass defect and nominal mass series (z* score) revealed that all could be assigned to 1 of 266 distinct homologous series that differ in oxygen content and double bond equivalence. Tandem mass spectrometry based on infrared multiphoton dissociation identified labile fragments of fulvic acid molecules, whose chemical formulas led to plausible structures consistent with degraded lignin as a source of Suwannee River fulvic acids.
Digital Video Interactive; The Technology And Its Applications (1988)

One of the more significant recent applications of optical recording technology is the audio compact disc. This application is significant not only from the viewpoint of the audiophile, who now has available a stunning-quality audio reproduction system, but also in the eyes of the digital-data-storage world, because the CD's 72-minutes of impeccable audio resides on the disc in 600 megabytes of equally-impeccable code.
Thermo-responsive hydrogel-coated gold nanoshells (2006)

This manuscript describes the structural and optical properties of a new hybrid nanoparticle comprised of a gold shell/silica core structure (~120 nm in diameter) coated with an implantable hydrogel polymer overlayer (~20 nm in thickness). These nanoparticles are being developed as thermally modulated drug-delivery vehicles that respond to ambient changes in temperature. A unique feature of these materials is that the thermally sensitive hydrogel coatings can be modulated by exposure to light via excitation of the strong plasmon resonance of the gold shell/silica core particles. The gold nanoshell particles were tailored to absorb near-infrared light, which can pass readily through tissue and bone. The thermo-responsive hydrogel coating was prepared via radical polymerization of a selected mixture of N-isoproprylacrylamide and acrylic acid. The structure and morphology of the composite nanoparticles were examined by FE-SEM and TEM. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to characterize their optical properties, and DLS was used to determine their average hydrodynamic diameter as a function of temperature. As a whole, the results conclusively demonstrate that these composite nanoparticles can be reproducibly prepared, and their responses to changes in temperature are completely consistent with their use as nanoscale drug-delivery vehicles.
Pluronic surfactants affecting diazepam solubility, compatibility, and adsorption from i.v. admixture solutions. (1987)

The effect ofPluronics (F–68, F–88, F–I08) on the solubility of diazepam in water was studied. How Pluronics affected the compatibility and sorption of diazepam from i.v. admixture solutions and PVC containers were analyzed qualitatively and quantitativel. The solubility of diazepam in water at 25 °C increased with an increase in the concentration of Pluronics. The more the concentration of Pluronics the higher the solubility of diazepam. The increase of the solubility of diazepam ranked in the order of F-108 >>F-88 > F-68. Micellar solubilization was responsible for the higher solubility. Turbidity was measured to clarify the compatibility of diazepam injection with or without Pluronics diluted with i.v. admixture fields. Pluronic F-108 is the best, which caused little turbidity for all dilutions. The extent of turbidity is ranked in the order of non-Pluronics >> F-68 >> F-88 >>F-108. The compatibility results agree with solubility determinations. The pH value of the admixture determined immediately after dilution was larger than that of the admixture determined 24 hr after preparation. This might be attributed to the precipitation of diazepam occurring after setting for 24 hr. The sorption of diazepam from the i.v. admixture in PVC bags followed biexponential kinetics. Pluronics F-68 can effectively prevent potency loss of diazepam solution stored in P VC bags, compared to Pluronic F-88, F-108, and Tween 80. At least 90% of the initial diazepam concentration was retained for 24 hr storage by adding Pluronic F-68 to the admixture solution. This study suggests that Pluronic surfactants can be used as a vehicle for diazepam injection.
h<sub>FE</sub>degradation due to reverse bias emitter-base junction stress (1969)

Reverse bias stress of the emitter-base junction may degrade the h <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FE</inf> of a transistor when it is operated under normal bias conditions. The degradation mechanism exhibits no measurable temperature dependence and appears to be a surface effect. The junction characteristics exhibit no structure as a function of field plate voltage after stress. Pulse measurements indicate that the time required to induce degradation is less then 1.0 µs. Hot carriers appear to have an appreciable effect on the degradation. A mathematical model is presented to facilitate the comparison of degradation on devices with different initial current gains.
The environmentally controlled photoisomerization of probe molecules containing azobenzene moieties in solid poly(methyl methacrylate) (1991)

Abstract Upon n → π * (436 nm) excitation of azobenzene probes 1, 2 and 3 in a solid film of poly(methyl methacrylate) we observe cis‐trans isomerization and a monoexponential approach towards the photostationary state; upon π → π * (313 nm) irradiation this approach is bi‐exponential. The latter is not due to the loss of concentration homogeneity during the reaction. By transferring the concept of dual isomerization mechanisms (rotation and inversion) from former work we reinterpret the “fast” component of isomerization at 313 nm excitation as being due to rigidly held molecules unable to isomerize via the rotation mechanism, but undergoing internal conversion and subsequent inversion, and the “slow” component as being due to molecules isomerizing by rotation. On 436 nm irradiation only one isomerization mechanism is active, viz. inversion.
Asymmetric physical layer design for high-speed wireless digital communications (1999)

High data rates and portability are conflicting requirements in the design of reliable indoor wireless data communication systems. Asymmetric system design addresses this problem by exploiting the major differences in the availability of resources (i.e., energy, space) that exist between base stations and portable units. Such an approach seeks to concentrate most of the signal processing tasks involved in the operation of the two-way wireless link at the base station. This paper presents and discusses the implications of a set of techniques for asymmetric physical layer system design based on the use of channel precoding for forward transmission. System performance is assessed via simulations using a realistic time-varying channel model. Simplified two-way antenna diversity implemented exclusively at the base station and the key issue of automatic gain control at the receive side of the precoded link are also addressed and evaluated. Simulation results confirm that the adoption of these techniques enables reliable digital communication at a data rate of 20 Mbit/s on both links while significantly reducing the power consumption of the portable unit.
Passive-silicon-carrier design and characteristics (2002)

A silicon-on-silicon package for nine VLSI chips is presented. The carrier is especially designed to support the high-frequency current surges of complementary logic like CMOS or BiCMOS. It contains integrated decoupling capacitors and uses three layers of metal. The chips are mounted by controlled-collapse chip connection. A /370 processor containing nine CMOS chips has been assembled. Functionality and manufacturability have successfully been demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of human chondrosarcoma cell growth via apoptosis by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (2002)

A rare immunohistochemical study using 28 surgical sections of human chondrosarcoma revealed that 67.9% of tumour cells had weak (10-40%) or strong (>40%) positive immunoreaction for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma mRNA and protein in human chondrosarcoma cell line OUMS-27 was also determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands on cell proliferation and survival were investigated in OUMS-27 cells. Pioglitazone, a selective ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), a putative endogenous ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, inhibited the proliferation of OUMS-27 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of cytotoxic effects of 15d-PGJ(2) was via apoptosis as shown by DNA fragmentation using TUNEL stain and DNA ladder formation, and by ultrastructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy. Flow-cytometric analysis using annexin-V-fluorescein and propidium iodide detected the early change of apoptosis, as well as necrosis of OUMS-27 cells at 4 h after co-incubation with 15d-PGJ(2). These results suggest that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of chondrosarcoma, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands, especially 15d-PGJ(2), may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of human chondrosarcoma.
Benchmarking and Functional Decomposition of Automotive Lidar Sensor Models (2019)

Simulation-based testing is seen as a major requirement for the safety validation of highly automated driving. One crucial part of such test architectures are models of environment perception sensors such as camera, lidar and radar sensors. Currently, an objective evaluation and the comparison of different modeling approaches for automotive lidar sensors are still a challenge. In this work, a real lidar sensor system used for object recognition is first functionally decomposed. The resulting sequence of processing blocks and interfaces is then mapped onto simulation methods. Subsequently, metrics applied to the aforementioned interfaces are derived, enabling a quantitative comparison between simulated and real sensor data at different steps of the processing pipeline. Benchmarks for several existing sensor models at a concrete selected interface are performed using those metrics by comparing them to measurements gained from the real sensor. Finally, we outline how metrics on low-level interfaces can correlate with results on more abstract ones. A major achievement of this work lies within the commonly accepted interfaces and a common understanding of real and virtual lidar sensor systems and, even more important, an initial guideline for the quantitative comparison of sensor models with the ambition to support future validation of virtual sensor models.