gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method and implementation to define and provision variable composite applications, and its usage in cloud computing (2010)

The trend to outsource applications not critical to an enterprise's core business has driven the emergence of a new type of IT service providers. These service providers run and maintain applications for enterprises having outsourced them. The business model of the providers is thus based on the exploitation of economies of scale by offering the same infrastructure, platforms and applications to multiple customers. Since different customers have different requirements regarding functional and nonfunctional aspects of an application, the infrastructure, platforms and applications must be customizable to different customer's needs. This also enables the providers to increase the customer base for one offering. To further increase the customer base, providers do not only host and provide software they have developed in house, but also want to offer applications offered by third-party application vendors. In this thesis, a metamodel, algorithms and tools are introduced allowing application vendors to describe and package applications in a way that they can automatically be set up (provisioned) at a provider either with minimal or no human intervention. Furthermore, a metamodel is introduced allowing application vendors to describe the variability of an application. This variability metamodel enables the generation of customization workflows used by customers to adapt an application to their needs. The combination of the application metamodel and variability metamodel enables a self-service model in which customers can subscribe to and unsubscribe from applications as they wish. Customers thus select the application they want to use in an application portal and a guided through the customization. Having customized the application, the application is set up automatically with the required quality of services and functionality. The concepts introduced in this thesis enable application vendors to describe customizable applications without knowing the exact infrastructure they are later provisioned on. Providers can extend their customer base by offering customizable applications developed by application vendors, and customers can follow a best-of-breed strategy in choosing from arbitrary combinations of providers and applications. Corresponding prototypes for all three roles, application vendors, providers and customers to build, provide, provision and customize applications have been built and are introduced in this thesis. These serve as a proof-of-concept implementation for the proposed concepts. Different case studies are given to show the general applicability of the approach.
Exhaust Gas High Temperature Sensor for LEV/ULEV and OBD Systems (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The purpose of this paper is to outline some of the approaches to provide an exhaust gas high temperature sensor with wide temperature detection range and fast responsiveness.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Conventional exhaust gas temperature sensors were designed only to detect an overheating catalyst, so they were unable of detecting temperatures below 600°C. Their slow responsiveness prevented them from detecting rapid catalyst temperature changes.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The development of a new thermistor material enabled the sensor to measure a wide temperature range of 300°C to 1000°C. This new sensor provides fast response time (x = 8.7seconds.) as well as durability capability to 1000°C</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Applications for this sensor include in catalyst preheating and OBD-II systems.</div>
A Note on the Problem of Statistical Calibration (1980)

The well-known problem of obtaining a satisfactory predictor of a variable X from another variable Y, where X and Yhave a joint probability distribution, is reconsidered. The data available are the pairs of observations (xi,yi), i = 1,...,n, of a calibration experiment in which only the bivariate random variables (X, Y) can be observed. A new predictor is proposed and is claimed to have advantages over the Inverse Predictor that has been advocated by various authors in this case. A practical example is provided to facilitate a comparison of various predictors, and to demonstrate that the new predictor is appropriate for many practical cases notably of small sample sizes. This new predictor is useful not only for the normal case, but also when the conditional distribution of Ygiven X = xo is a member of the non-normal location and scale family and/or in some cases when the error variances show heteroscedasticity.
Carica papaya Linn: an overview. (2014)

Papaya (Carica papaya Linn) is commonly called as paw-paw and it belongs to the family Caricaceae. Papaya is commonly known for its food and nutritional values throughout the world. The properties of papaya fruit and other parts of the plant are also well known in traditional system of medicine. During the last few decades considerable progress has been achieved regarding the biological activity and medicinal application of papaya and now it is considered as valuable nutraceutical fruit plant. Papaya possess excellent medicinal properties for treatment of different ailments. The different parts of the Carica papaya plant including leaves, seeds, latex and fruit exhibited to have medicinal value. The stem, leaf and fruit of papaya contain plenty of latex. The latex from unripe papaya fruit contain enzymes papain and chymopapain. This review focuses on different properties of papaya as a multi-faceted plant.
Taxonomic treatment of Monarda (Lamiaceae) for Texas and Mexico (1994)

A taxonomic treatment of Monarda for Texas and Mxico is rendered.In Texas eighteen taxa in eleven species are recognized: M.
Women's sexual experience during the menstrual cycle: Identification of the sexual phase by noninvasive measurement of luteinizing hormone (2004)

Imprecise measures of ovulation obscure the relationship between women's sexuality and the menstrual cycle, as does studying women with different contraceptive goals in different social contexts. Here we present a novel noninvasive method to precisely pinpoint the preovulatory surge of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), demarcating hormonally distinct cycle phases with greater than 95% reliability. Women were more sexually active on days prior to and including the preovulatory (LH) surge. This pattern was evident only when women initiated sexual activity and not when their partners did, indicating an increase in women's sexual motivation rather than attractiveness. A second study replicated the 6-day increase in sexual activity beginning 3 days before the LH surge, accompanied by stronger sexual desire and more sexual fantasies. We propose the term 'sexual phase' of the cycle, since follicular phase is over inclusive and ovulatory phase is not sufficient. These findings are striking because the women were avoiding pregnancy and were kept blind to the hypotheses, preventing expectation bias. The sexual phase was more robust in women with regular sexual partners, although the increase in sexual desire was just as great in nonpartnered women, who also reported feeling less lonely at this time. We use these results to evaluate potential neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying women's sexual motivation and activity.
Inhibition of Virus-induced Cell Fusion by Local Anaesthetics and Phenothiazine Tranquillizers (1972)

SUMMARY We have examined the effect of five local anaesthetics (dibucaine, tetracaine, cocaine, lignocaine and procaine) and five phenothiazine tranquillizers (trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, promethazine, chlorpromazine and diphenhydramine) on cell fusion induced by viruses. When used at physiologically relevant concentrations, all drugs significantly inhibited cell fusion without impairing virus replication. It is suggested that these drugs inhibit cell fusion by occupying sites within the plasma membrane which must be vacant in order for membrane fusion to occur. Inhibition of cell fusion by these drugs provides experimental support for the suggestions put forward elsewhere that events in membrane fusion and membrane depolarization are similar.
Single-Vessel Coronary Artery Stenosis: Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with Gadomer-17 First-Pass MR Imaging in a Swine Model of Comparison with Gadopentetate Dimeglumine (2002)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of Gadomer-17 to depict perfusion defects in a closed-chest swine model of single-vessel coronary artery disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve pigs underwent closed-chest placement of a flow reducer for 70%–90% luminal stenosis in the proximal left anterior coronary artery. Magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging with Gadomer-17 and gadopentetate dimeglumine, microsphere blood flow (MBF) testing, and technetium 99m (99mTc) 2 methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed during dipyridamole vasodilation. Comparisons of percentage signal intensity (SI) increase (PSIC) in remote and ischemic myocardium were made with repeated measurements analysis of variance after injection of both tracers. RESULTS: Perfusion defects and reduced PSIC in the anterior ischemic versus the inferior remote myocardium could be identified after injection of both Gadomer-17 (PSIC, 66% ± 30 [mean ± SD] vs 100% ± 32, respectively; P < .001) and gadopentetate dimeglumine (PSIC, 49% ± 31 vs 81% ± 43, respectively; P < .005). The size of perfusion defect depicted with both tracers was highly correlated with defect size at 99mTc MIBI SPECT (r = 0.69, P < .05 for Gadomer-17 and r = 0.60, P = .05 for gadopentetate dimeglumine) and with areas of reduced MBF (r = 0.70, P < .05 for Gadomer-17 and r = 0.80, P < .05 for gadopentetate dimeglumine). PSIC also correlated with MBF (r = 0.89, P < .001 for Gadomer-17 and r = 0.75, P < .001 for gadopentetate dimeglumine). Gadomer-17 allowed differentiation of ischemic from nonischemic myocardium, as demonstrated by reduced PSIC (PSIC, 48% ± 38 vs 72% ± 31, respectively; P < .001) until 20 minutes after contrast material injection. In contrast, differentiation of ischemic from nonischemic myocardium was possible only until 55 seconds after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine (PSIC, 36% ± 24 vs 56% ± 27, respectively; P < .005) but not at any time point thereafter. CONCLUSION: With the study conditions, Gadomer-17 provided more prolonged differentiation of ischemic from remote myocardium than that with gadopentetate dimeglumine. © RSNA, 2002
Dual-color superresolution imaging of genetically expressed probes within individual adhesion complexes (2007)

Accurate determination of the relative positions of proteins within localized regions of the cell is essential for understanding their biological function. Although fluorescent fusion proteins are targeted with molecular precision, the position of these genetically expressed reporters is usually known only to the resolution of conventional optics ( approximately 200 nm). Here, we report the use of two-color photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) to determine the ultrastructural relationship between different proteins fused to spectrally distinct photoactivatable fluorescent proteins (PA-FPs). The nonperturbative incorporation of these endogenous tags facilitates an imaging resolution in whole, fixed cells of approximately 20-30 nm at acquisition times of 5-30 min. We apply the technique to image different pairs of proteins assembled in adhesion complexes, the central attachment points between the cytoskeleton and the substrate in migrating cells. For several pairs, we find that proteins that seem colocalized when viewed by conventional optics are resolved as distinct interlocking nano-aggregates when imaged via PALM. The simplicity, minimal invasiveness, resolution, and speed of the technique all suggest its potential to directly visualize molecular interactions within cellular structures at the nanometer scale.
Abscisic Acid Application Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Bedding Plants (2010)

Drought stress is a major cause of postproduction decline in bedding plants. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates drought stress responses by mediating stomatal closure, thereby reducing transpirational water loss. Exogenous ABA applications delay wilting and allow plants to survive short periods of severe drought. The effectiveness of the ABA biochemical, s-ABA (ConTego™; Valent BioSciences Corp., Libertyville, IL), at delaying wilting and extending shelf life during drought stress was evaluated in six bedding plant species. Spray and drench applications of 0 or 500 mg·L −1 s-ABA were applied to Impatiens walleriana (impatiens), Pelargonium × hortorum (seed geranium ) , Petunia × hybrida (petunia), Tagetes patula (marigold), Salvia splendens (salvia), and Viola × wittrockiana (pansy). Water was subsequently withheld and wilting symptoms were compared between treated and control plants. s-ABA applications delayed wilting in all crops by 1.7 to 4.3 days. Leaf chlorosis was observed after s-ABA application in drought-stressed seed geraniums, marigolds, and pansies. In seed geraniums and marigolds, the drought stress itself resulted in leaf chlorosis that was equivalent to or more severe than the s-ABA application alone. In pansies, s-ABA applications induced leaf chlorosis that was more severe than the drought treatment. Overall, s-ABA was consistently effective at reducing water loss and extending shelf life for all species treated. Applications of s-ABA to bedding plants before shipping and retailing would allow plants to maintain marketability even under severe drought stress conditions.
Preinduction techniques for pediatric anesthesia (2005)

Although a variety of preinduction techniques exist, the most popular technique involves administering a sedative premedication, such as midazolam. Administering a premedicant will reliably decrease anxiety, improve cooperation during induction, and improve parental satisfaction. In addition, other preinduction strategies such as parental presence during induction may play a role in reducing anxiety levels in select children and their parents, and should be considered.
Global radius-of-curvature estimation and control for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (2003)

A system which estimates the global radius of curvature (GRoC) and corrects for changes in GRoC on a segmented primary mirror has been developed for and verified on McDonald Observatory's Hobby Eberly Telescope (HET). The GRoC estimation and control system utilizes HET's primary mirror control (PMC) system and the Segment Alignment Maintenance System (SAMS), an inductive edge sensor system. A special set of boundary conditions is applied to the derivation of the optimal edge-match control. The special boundary conditions allow the further derivation of an observer, which enables estimation and control of the GRoC mode to within HET's specification. The magnitude of the GRoC mode can then be controlled despite the inability of the SAMS edge sensor system, by itself, to observe or control the GRoC mode. The observer can be extended to any segmented mirror telescope. It will be shown that the observer improves with accuracy as the number of segments increases. This paper presents the mathematical theory of the observer. Performance verification data from the HET will be presented.
Optimal Dyck reachability for data-dependence and alias analysis (2017)

A fundamental algorithmic problem at the heart of static analysis is Dyck reachability. The input is a graph where the edges are labeled with different types of opening and closing parentheses, and the reachability information is computed via paths whose parentheses are properly matched. We present new results for Dyck reachability problems with applications to alias analysis and data-dependence analysis. Our main contributions, that include improved upper bounds as well as lower bounds that establish optimality guarantees, are as follows: First, we consider Dyck reachability on bidirected graphs, which is the standard way of performing field-sensitive points-to analysis. Given a bidirected graph with n nodes and m edges, we present: (i) an algorithm with worst-case running time O ( m + n · α( n )), where α( n ) is the inverse Ackermann function, improving the previously known O ( n 2 ) time bound; (ii) a matching lower bound that shows that our algorithm is optimal wrt to worst-case complexity; and (iii) an optimal average-case upper bound of O ( m ) time, improving the previously known O ( m · log n ) bound. Second, we consider the problem of context-sensitive data-dependence analysis, where the task is to obtain analysis summaries of library code in the presence of callbacks. Our algorithm preprocesses libraries in almost linear time, after which the contribution of the library in the complexity of the client analysis is only linear, and only wrt the number of call sites. Third, we prove that combinatorial algorithms for Dyck reachability on general graphs with truly sub-cubic bounds cannot be obtained without obtaining sub-cubic combinatorial algorithms for Boolean Matrix Multiplication, which is a long-standing open problem. Thus we establish that the existing combinatorial algorithms for Dyck reachability are (conditionally) optimal for general graphs. We also show that the same hardness holds for graphs of constant treewidth. Finally, we provide a prototype implementation of our algorithms for both alias analysis and data-dependence analysis. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that the new algorithms significantly outperform all existing methods on the two problems, over real-world benchmarks.
Antitumor activity of MP0250, a bispecific VEGF- and HGF-targeting darpin, in patient-derived xenograft models. (2014)

11039 Background: The interplay of tumor cells and their microenvironment is crucial in the growth of solid tumors. Key mediators of such interaction are the VEGF/VEGFR and the HGF/cMet pathways, which drive tumor survival, growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. It is anticipated that simultaneous inhibition of the VEGF/VEGFR and HGF/cMet pathways will interfere with crucial steps of tumor growth as well as with the onset of treatment resistance. MP0250 is a bispecific DARPin targeting both pathways simultaneously by specifically neutralizing VEGF and HGF. Its low toxicity offers the potential for combination with chemotherapy and other targeted therapies. Methods: Antitumor activity of MP0250 was tested in kidney, liver, lung and gastric patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and compared to standard of care (SoC) therapies. Results: MP0250 showed consistent antitumor activity in 6 out of 7 investigated models. Its potency was superior to SoC in renal and gastric carcinoma models, and similar to SoC in liver and one lung cancer (NSCLC) model. Of note, neither MP0250 nor SoC (5-FU) showed potency in one SCLC lung cancer model. Tumor regression was induced by MP0250 in one liver and one renal model with optimal T/C values of 6.9% and 8.9%. Tumor growth inhibition was recorded in the other liver and one lung model (T/C values of 37% and 26%) whereas moderate efficacy was observed in the second renal cancer model (T/C value of 56%). Interestingly, MP0250 increased the potency of the SoC drug paclitaxel in the gastric cancer model (T/C values: MP0250 37%; paclitaxel 46%, MP0250/paclitaxel 21%). No toxicity of MP0250 was observed as monotherapy or in combination with SoC. Conclusions: MP0250, a bispecific DARPin blocking HGF and VEGF, is a potent inhibitor of tumor growth in PDX models, often surpassing the efficacy of SoC therapy. In a gastric cancer model, MP0250 increased potency of SoC. These results indicate that MP0250 has the potential to be used as monotherapy in a range of solid tumors and, as a result of its good safety profile, the possibility exists that it may be also combined with SoC and other tumor targeting molecules, i.e. TKIs. A phase I clinical trial is in preparation.
STITCH 3: zooming in on protein-chemical interactions (2011)

To facilitate the study of interactions between proteins and chemicals, we have created STITCH, an aggregated database of interactions connecting over 300,000 chemicals and 2.6 million proteins from 1133 organisms. Compared to the previous version, the number of chemicals with interactions and the number of high-confidence interactions both increase 4-fold. The database can be accessed interactively through a web interface, displaying interactions in an integrated network view. It is also available for computational studies through downloadable files and an API. As an extension in the current version, we offer the option to switch between two levels of detail, namely whether stereoisomers of a given compound are shown as a merged entity or as separate entities. Separate display of stereoisomers is necessary, for example, for carbohydrates and chiral drugs. Combining the isomers increases the coverage, as interaction databases and publications found through text mining will often refer to compounds without specifying the stereoisomer. The database is accessible at http://stitch.embl.de/.
Expression of Eph receptors and their ligands, ephrins, during lipopolysaccharide fever in rats (2005)

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, ephrins, are involved in embryogenesis and oncogenesis by mediating cell adhesion and migration. Although ephrins can be induced by bacterial LPS in vitro, whether they are involved in inflammation in vivo is unknown. Using differential mRNA display, we found that a febrigenic dose of LPS (50 microg/kg iv) induces a strong transcriptional upregulation of ephrin-A1 in rat liver. We confirmed this finding by real-time RT-PCR. We then quantified the mRNA expression of different ephrins and Eph receptors at phases 1-3 of LPS fever in different organs. Febrile phases 2 (90 min post-LPS) and 3 (300 min) were characterized by robust upregulation (up to 16-fold) and downregulation (up to 21-fold) of several ephrins and Eph receptors. With the exception of EphA2, which showed upregulation in the brain at phase 2, expressional changes of Eph receptors and ephrins were limited to the LPS-processing organs: liver and lung. Characteristic, counter-directed changes in expressional regulation of Eph receptors and their corresponding ligands were found: upregulation of EphA2, downregulation of ephrin-A1 in the liver and lung at phase 2; downregulation of EphB3, upregulation of ephrin-B2 in the liver at phase 2; downregulation of EphA1 and EphA3, upregulation of ephrins-A1 and -A3 in liver at phase 3. In the liver, transcriptional changes of EphA2 and EphB3 at phase 2 were confirmed at protein level. These coordinated, phase-specific responses suggest that different sets of ephrins and Eph receptors may be involved in cellular events (such as disruption of tissue barriers and leukocyte transmigration) underlying different stages of systemic inflammatory response to LPS.
Spontaneous deletion mutants of the Lactococcus lactis temperate bacteriophage BK5-T and localization of the BK5-T attP site (1995)

Spontaneous deletion mutants of the temperate lactococcal bacteriophage BK5-T were obtained when the phage was grown vegetatively on the indicator strain Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris H2. One deletion mutant was unable to form stable lysogens, and analysis of this mutant led to the identification of the BK5-T attP site and the integrase gene (int). The core sequences of the BK5-T attP and host attB regions are conserved in a number of lactococcal phages and L. lactis strains.