gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Load distribution-survivable lightpath routing for the optical virtual private network (2003)

The optical virtual private network (OVPN) services are expected to be one of the major applications in the future optical networks. To establish the OVPN, the lightpaths (virtual connections) are layout through the provider optical network element and finally connected to the client edge devices. Service reliability is one of the major requirements in the OVPN design. We propose a mathematical model for an efficient lightpath routing called load distribution-survivable lightpath routing (LD-SLR) which can mitigate the impact of the failure disruption in the OVPN by introducing the load distribution concept to the survivable lightpath routing. Our results show that the LD-SLR produces an efficient lightpath routing for both sparse and dense virtual network design compared to other lightpath routing models in literature.
Bioavailability of Iron from Purple Laver (<i>Porphyra</i> spp.) Estimated in a Rat Hemoglobin Regeneration Bioassay (2000)

Laver belongs to the genius of Porphyra and is the most valuable seaweed in the aqua-culture industry. It contains higher iron than many other plant foods. The bioavailability of iron from laver was evaluated in a rat hemoglobin regeneration assay. Reagent-grade ferrous sulfate was used as the reference standard, and the relative biological value (RBV) for laver was expressed as a percentage of the response to ferrous sulfate. RBV was calculated by two methods: slope-ratio and ratio of hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, and both yielded RBV of 26 for laver. Amount of available iron from laver estimated from RBV was comparable to many iron-fortified foods.
Role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as risk factor for drug-induced hepatotoxicity (2017)

Drugs that could pose a potential risk in obese patients include compounds belonging to different pharmacological classes such as acetaminophen, halothane, methotrexate, rosiglitazone, stavudine and tamoxifen. For some of these drugs, experimental investigations in obese rodents confirmed the clinical observations and unveiled different pathophysiological mechanisms which could explain why these pharmaceuticals are particularly hepatotoxic in obesity and NAFLD. Other drugs such as pentoxifylline, phenobarbital and omeprazole might also pose a risk but more investigations are required to determine whether this risk is significant or not. Because obese people often take several drugs for the treatment of different obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, it is urgent to identify the main pharmaceuticals that can cause acute hepatitis on a fatty liver background or induce NAFLD worsening.
MANEJO TRAUMA ABDOMINAL PENETRANTE POR ARMA BLANCA Y ARMA DE FUEGO, HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO MUNICIPAL “SAN JUAN DE DIOS” (2012)

Introduccion: La region del abdomen ocupa uno de los primeros lugares en ser danado por trauma. Su abordaje diagnostico y el resultado de su tratamiento son infl uidos por multiples factores. Las heridas penetrantes de abdomen son aquellas que atraviesan todas las capas de la pared abdominal, dentro de las causales de este tipo de lesiones se encuentran: HPPAB (Herida Penetrante por Arma Blanca) y la HPPAF (Herida Penetrante por Arma de Fuego). Objetivo: Describir el manejo del trauma abdominal penetrante por arma blanca y arma de fuego realizado en el Hospital Municipal Universitario “San Juan de Dios”. Material y Metodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo. La unidad de analisis estudiada fue: Pacientes internados por el servicio de emergencias del Hospital “San Juan de Dios”, durante el periodo 2009-2011, con el diagnostico de trauma abdominal penetrante por arma blanca y arma de fuego y que cumplieron los criterios de inclusion. Resultados: El total de traumas abdominales atendidos por el servicio de emergencias durante el periodo 2009 a 2011 fue de 213 pacientes de los cuales 112 pacientes fueron ingresados como trauma abdominal penetrante, siendo 73,21% por arma blanca y 10.71% por arma de fuego. Las tasas de laparotomias que se realizaron, fueron: Laparotomias Inmediatas en 70,21% de los casos, Laparotomias Diferidas en 29,79% de los casos. Conclusiones: El trauma abdominal penetrante causado por arma blanca y arma de fuego presentaron un predominio en el sexo masculino con un 65% del total de pacientes, los mismos que en su mayoria estaban comprendidos entre la segunda y tercera decada de la vida. La lesion mas frecuente fue la de intestino delgado con un 21,28%. Dentro de las complicaciones relacionadas al procedimiento quirurgico, se encontro: en 32,98% de los casos, identifi cadas como: infecciones del sitio quirurgico y abscesos de la pared
Innovative lift‐off solar cell made of monocrystalline‐silicon thin film by annealing of ordered macropores (2009)

Abstract To answer the challenge of obtaining thinner silicon solar cells, we developed a technique based on the transfer of a thin layer of high‐quality monocrystalline silicon to a foreign low‐cost substrate. The transfer is enabled by the reorganisation of macroporous silicon at high temperature: driven by the minimisation of their surface energy, pores close and, in specific situations, merge to form a large single void, a few micrometers under the wafer surface. As demonstrated in this paper, the micron‐thick film above it may be detached and used to process a solar cell. The difficulty of this approach lies in appropriately ordering the macropores, while its originality is to enable processing of a high‐quality material directly from porous silicon. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and structural analysis of long chain N-acetyl-N-alkyllactosylamines, a new series of surfactants derived from unprotected lactose (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structural analysis of long chain N-acetyl-N-alkyllactosylamines, a new series of surfactants derived from unprotected lactoseFlorence Costes, Mostafa El Ghoul, Maryse Bon, Isabelle Rico-Lattes, and Armand LattesCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 10, 3644–3647Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00010a010https://doi.org/10.1021/la00010a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of a Kinesin-Related Motor Protein Induces Sf9 Cells to Form Dendrite-Like Processes with Nonuniform Microtubule Polarity Orientation (1996)

The microtubules (MTs) within neuronal processes are highly organized with regard to their polarity and yet are not attached to any detectable nucleating structure. Axonal MTs are uniformly oriented with their plus ends distal to the cell body, whereas dendritic MTs are of both orientations. Here, we sought to test the capacity of motor-driven MT transport to organize distinct MT patterns during process outgrowth. We focused on CHO1/MKLP1, a kinesin-related protein present in the midzonal region of the mitotic spindle where MTs of opposite orientation overlap. Insect ovarian Sf9 cells induced to express the N-terminal portion of the molecule form MT-rich processes with a morphology similar to that of neuronal dendrites (Kuriyama et al., 1994). Nascent processes contain uniformly plus-end-distal MTs, but these are joined by minus-end-distal MTs as the processes continue to develop. Thus, this CHO1/MKLP1 fragment establishes a nonuniform MT polarity pattern and does so by a similar sequence of events as occurs with the dendrite, the antecedent of which is a short process with a uniform MT polarity orientation. Two lines of evidence suggest that these results are elicited by motor-driven MT transport. First, there is a depletion of MTs from the cell body during process outgrowth. Second, the same polarity pattern is obtained when net MT assembly is suppressed pharmacologically during process formation. Collectively, these findings provide precedent for the idea that motor-driven transport can organize MTs into distinct patterns of polarity orientation during process outgrowth.
Texture for volume character animation (2005)

We present an approach to texture mapping volume datasets based on multiple semantic constraints. The approach is based on continuous space mappings to ensure good image quality. It requires only one intervention by the user, to determine key points where the texture must match an intermediate image of the original data. This can also be used to avoid the problem of texture being smeared over too large an area. The method uses three passes. In the first pass the texture is warped to an intermediate surface which is itself a projection of the volume object. This is used to ensure that the texture correctly aligns with user-supplied key points of the object. The use of key points to pin the texture in place ensures that the volume object can be animated. When rendering the object two further passes are used, first inversely mapping each point being rendered to a plenoptic surface and then inversely mapping to the intermediate surface. This three-part aspect additionally allows the texture image to be independent of the volume data. A data-dependent triangulation method is used to retain edge quality in texture images. We demonstrate an extension to 2.5D textures, extruded through the volume, using an approach consistent with 2D texture. This supports interactive sculpting of the volume model. Our overall goal is animated characters using textured volume data.
Paradoxical reactions in children with tuberculosis (2016)

We sought to determine the incidence and clinical spectrum of the paradoxical reaction (PR) to treatment in 1000 children with tuberculosis (TB). Its incidence was 3.3%, presenting as mediastinal adenopathy (n = 12), central nervous system (CNS) tuberculoma (n = 8), increasing size of lymph nodes (n = 8) and serositis (n = 5). Symptoms included breathlessness (n = 7, 21.2%), neck swellings (n = 5, 15.2%), hemiplegia (n = 3, 9.1%), raised intracranial tension (n = 2, 6.1%) and fever or diabetes insipidus (n = 1, 3% each). The mean age of onset of PR was 3.5 months after the start of anti-TB medication. PR was seen predominantly in boys. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy was more common in children aged <2 years. Tuberculomas were more common in children aged 2-5 years. Nodal enlargement and serositis were seen equally in all age groups.
An analysis of performance degradation caused by hidden terminal and its improvement in Inter-Vehicle communication (2009)

The CSMA scheme that is widely adopted as a media access control in Inter-vehicle communication systems has a hidden terminal problem. And this influence has not yet been analyzed in detail and it is necessary to know the actual influence in order to take appropriate steps against this problem. In this paper, the number of packet collisions that are caused by hidden terminals is analyzed and packet loss rate is shown quantitatively. And it is shown how this problem is improved by using spread spectrum (SS) communication scheme by computer simulation. As a result, it is confirmed that the number of packet collisions that are caused by hidden terminals occurs more than that are caused by carrier sense failures. Moreover, it is also confirmed that packet loss rate can be reduced to up to one-third of the conventional CSMA scheme by using the proposed SS scheme.
Dodecylglycerol. A new type of antibacterial agent which stimulates autolysin activity in Streptococcus faecium ATCC 9790. (1984)

Dodecylglycerol has a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 micrograms/ml compared to 9 micrograms/ml for monolaurin (dodecanoylglycerol) with Streptococcus faecium ATCC 9790 as the test organism. The greater potency of dodecylglycerol can be correlated to its greater retention by the cell. Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible than Gram-negative bacteria to dodecylglycerol. The antibacterial action of dodecylglycerol is not through the physical dissolution of cell walls, but rather as an enzymatic effector. The autolysin activity of whole cells of S. faecium was greatly stimulated by dodecylglycerol. The stimulation of autolytic activity and inhibition of growth respond in parallel to different concentrations of dodecylglycerol, to dodecylglycerol versus some poorer effector such as monolaurin or a glycerol alkyl ether with a longer or shorter fatty alkyl side chain than dodecanol, and to the antagonistic effects of diphosphatidlyglycerol. This close relationship implies that the stimulation of autolysin activity could be a primary, but not necessarily the only, mechanism by which dodecylglycerol and related compounds exert their antibacterial activity. However, the autolysin activity is not stimulated by a direct interaction between the enzyme and dodecylglycerol. A non-wall entity, such as a proteinase, has been implicated as an intermediary (Ved, H. S., Gustow, E., and Pieringer, R. A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 8122-8124).
Multi-Level Reputation-Based Greylisting (2008)

We present the idea and implementation details of a highly effective and reliable e-mail filtering technique. At the core of the component-based architecture is a novel combination of an enhanced self-learning variant of greylisting with a reputation-based trust mechanism. These strategies provide separate feature extraction and classification components with the opportunity of utilizing the time between two delivery attempts of an e-mail message. The approach presented features a very high spam blocking rate and also minimizes the workload on the client side, as no responsibility for messages classified as spam is taken. The reputation-based trust mechanism decreases the delay in the transfer process of e-mail messages from reliable senders and also reduces the number of erroneously blocked legitimate messages.
Endoluminal Grafting for Percutaneous Aneurysm Exclusion in an Aortocoronary Saphenous Vein Graft: The First Clinical Experience (1995)

Purpose: Aneurysms develop only rarely in aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts (SVGs), and the usual treatment is surgical replacement of the diseased segment. However, in patients at appreciable risk for redo surgery, alternative therapies are desirable. We report the first compassionate use of a percutaneously delivered endoluminal graft (ELG) for internal exclusion of an SVG aneurysm. Methods: A 47-year-old male with two coronary bypass procedures and SVG angioplasty presented with an 8-mm diameter aneurysm lying between 80% and 70% stenotic lesions in an SVG to the obtuse marginal branch. The risks of a third bypass operation were considerable, so the decision was made to attempt internal exclusion of the SVG aneurysm. Results: An ELG composed of 2.0-mm diameter unexpanded PTFE graft material with Palmaz stents for fixation was delivered with a low-profile system, but a second ELG was necessary for complete exclusion of the aneurysmal sac. Both ELGs were dilated after initial deployment. The patient was discharged after 9 days without sequelae, and he remains asymptomatic with arteriographically documented ELG patency 5 months after treatment. Conclusions: In this patient with limited therapeutic options, percutaneous aneurysm exclusion in an SVG was effective in restoring a viable blood conduit. It remains to be seen if ELGs have a potential in aortocoronary SVGs.
BASE ISOLATION USING STABLE UNBONDED FIBRE REINFORCED ELASTOMERIC ISOLATORS (SU-FREI) (2012)

Seismic isolation is a seismic design philosophy that aims to reduce the demand on structures as opposed to increasing their capacity to endure forces. Seismic isolation can be achieved by placing isolating bearings with relatively low stiffness compared to the structure itself beneath the superstructure. This low stiffness layer increases the structural period, shifting the structure into a period range of low seismic energy content. The objectives of this research were to investigate the dynamic properties, durability and limitations of stable unbonded fibre reinforced elastomeric isolator (SU-FREI) bearings. Vertical compression testing indicated the bearings possessed adequate vertical stiffness. Due to lack of bonding at the bearing interface surfaces rollover deformation was observed to occur during lateral cyclic testing. This response behaviour was found to result in advantageous effective lateral stiffness and damping properties. The bearings maintained stability during rollout testing while serviceability and fatigue testing both conformed to code specified test specimen adequacy limitations. Experimental shake table testing showed that the isolated structure behaved essentially as a rigid body during testing. Test results showed that a SU‐FREI isolation system significantly reduced the seismic demand on the structure. Modelling of the bearings dynamic properties was completed using a bilinear model and a backbone curve model. Both models showed adequate results in predicting experimental peak responses. A simplified design spectrum analysis was presented and used to model the structure in four Canadian cities. This design spectrum analysis approach showed adequate capabilities in predicting peak response values, such that the method could be used in preliminary analysis and design of isolated structures.
Toll-Like Receptor-4 Coordinates the Innate Immune Response of the Kidney to Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2008)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can detect endogenous danger molecules released upon tissue injury resulting in the induction of a proinflammatory response. One of the TLR family members, TLR4, is constitutively expressed at RNA level on renal epithelium and this expression is enhanced upon renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The functional relevance of this organ-specific upregulation remains however unknown. We therefore investigated the specific role of TLR4 and the relative contribution of its two downstream signaling cascades, the MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent cascades in renal damage by using TLR4-/-, MyD88-/- and TRIF-mutant mice that were subjected to renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our results show that TLR4 initiates an exaggerated proinflammatory response upon I/R injury, as reflected by lower levels of chemokines and infiltrating granulocytes, less renal damage and a more preserved renal function in TLR4-/- mice as compared to wild type mice. In vitro studies demonstrate that renal tubular epithelial cells can coordinate an immune response to ischemic injury in a TLR4-dependent manner. In vivo we found that epithelial- and leukocyte-associated functional TLR4 contribute in a similar proportion to renal dysfunction and injury as assessed by bone marrow chimeric mice. Surprisingly, no significant differences were found in renal function and inflammation in MyD88-/- and TRIF-mutant mice compared with their wild types, suggesting that selective targeting of TLR4 directly may be more effective for the development of therapeutic tools to prevent I/R injury than targeting the intracellular pathways used by TLR4. In conclusion, we identified TLR4 as a cellular sentinel for acute renal damage that subsequently controls the induction of an innate immune response.
Glucose repression in yeast (1999)

The Snf1 protein kinase is a central component of the signaling pathway for glucose repression in yeast. Recent studies have addressed the regulation of Snf1 kinase activity and elucidated mechanisms by which Snf1 controls repression and activation of glucose-repressed genes. Important advances include evidence that Snf1 regulates the localization of the Mig1 repressor and that Snf1 functions at multiple points to control Cat8 and Sip4, the activators of gluconeogenic genes.
Quantitative buffy coat analysis of blood collected from dogs, cats, and horses (1986)

Using quantitative buffy coat analysis (QBCA), rapid and accurate measurements can be made of the erythrocyte PCV, total WBC count, and platelet count, and the leukocyte population can be differentiated into total granulocytes (including quantitation of eosinophils), and lymphocytes and monocytes. The QBCA is performed by placing a blood sample (50 to 111 microliters) into a high-precision-bore microhematocrit tube that contains a freely moving, closely fitting, cylindrical plastic float. After centrifugation for 5 minutes, the buffy coat components separate by density. The plastic cylinder floats in the buffy coat, thereby expanding the lengths of the buffy coat layers. The layers are measured in a manner that is similar to that used for measuring PCV. Results of QBCA of blood samples from dogs, cats, and horses indicated that the hematologic values obtained correlated with results obtained by use of conventional methods. The accuracy and ease of use of QBCA and the availability of results while the animal is still being examined make QBCA a useful tool for hematologic evaluation of animals.
Film-Type Sensor Materials PVDF and EMFi in Measurement of Cardiorespiratory Signals— A Review (2010)

In this paper, some recent results obtained with film-type sensor materials polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) and electromechanical film (EMFi) are presented. The materials generate a voltage when they are mechanically deformed, however, because of their capacitive nature only the change of an external force can be measured. Hence, the sensors made of these materials are useful especially in the measurements of physiological pulsatile signals (e.g., heart rate and respiration). The entire measurement process with the PVDF and EMFi sensors is considered here; from the design and construction of the sensors and measurement electronics to the analysis of the measured data. The paper also presents some examples of the physiological signals (heart rate, respiration, and heart sounds) measured with the PVDF and EMFi sensors. Flexible and thin sensor materials are useful especially in physiological applications where the sensor is integrated into clothing or into daily life objects (e.g., a chair or a bed). The sensor attachments to human can be minimized and the measurement systems can be designed to be unobtrusive and comfortable for the user.