gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double-directional channel measurements (2001)

The spatial mobile radio channel contains delay information and angular information about the multipath components (m.p.c.s.). Signal delay and ensuing intersymbol interference has played an important role since the inception of digital mobile radio systems like GSM. The multipath signals impinging from different directions of arrival (DOAs) at an antenna array received quite some attention in the past few years. We call this a directional channel. The investigation of smart antennas has lead to better understanding of the radio channel itself and to more accurate and realistic spatial channel models. The identification of useful m.p.c.s. and the suppression of undesired co-channel interference has great potential in smart antennas. The paper describes the use of a superresolution method to identify as many m.p.c.s. as possible. We offer also a novel solution to the pairing problem, i.e. which DODs and DOAs match the underlying physical propagation path connecting them. Though the measurements we describe were made, for practical reasons, in predominantly static environments, we aim at mobile radio applications.
Infectious complications following unrelated cord blood transplantation (2007)

Further studies are needed to confirm these observations and determine whether the risk of infection for cord blood recipients is comparable to that of recipients of unmanipulated marrow.
Mammary stem cells and the differentiation hierarchy: current status and perspectives (2014)

The mammary epithelium is highly responsive to local and systemic signals, which orchestrate morphogenesis of the ductal tree during puberty and pregnancy. Based on transplantation and lineage tracing studies, a hierarchy of stem and progenitor cells has been shown to exist among the mammary epithelium. Lineage tracing has highlighted the existence of bipotent mammary stem cells (MaSCs) in situ as well as long-lived unipotent cells that drive morphogenesis and homeostasis of the ductal tree. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence for a heterogeneous MaSC compartment comprising fetal MaSCs, slow-cycling cells, and both long-term and short-term repopulating cells. In parallel, diverse luminal progenitor subtypes have been identified in mouse and human mammary tissue. Elucidation of the normal cellular hierarchy is an important step toward understanding the "cells of origin" and molecular perturbations that drive breast cancer.
Inhibition of Mesquite (<i>Prosopis juliflora</i>var.<i>glandulosa</i>) Growth by Fosamine (1980)

Fosamine [ethyl hydrogen (aminocarbonyl)phosphonate] acted as a chemical inhibitor of shoot growth for periods of up to 3 yr following a single summer application to honey mesquite [ Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell] trees. Anatomical study of field, greenhouse, and seedling mesquite indicated that the inhibition of primary and secondary growth caused by fosamine was due to a general cessation of nuclear activity in apical meristems and in the vascular and cork cambia of this species.
Tyrosine in Cheddar Cheese (1955)

In the previous paper, (11), a sensitive method for the quantitative determination of tyrosine in cheese was described. The method is specific for free L-tyrosine, and by the use of appropriate formulas another constant value, total tyrosine liberated from cheese protein, can be obtained.
Joint Modeling of a Matrix with Associated Text via Latent Binary Features (2012)

A new methodology is developed for joint analysis of a matrix and accompanying documents, with the documents associated with the matrix rows/columns. The documents are modeled with a focused topic model, inferring interpretable latent binary features for each document. A new matrix decomposition is developed, with latent binary features associated with the rows/columns, and with imposition of a low-rank constraint. The matrix decomposition and topic model are coupled by sharing the latent binary feature vectors associated with each. The model is applied to roll-call data, with the associated documents defined by the legislation. Advantages of the proposed model are demonstrated for prediction of votes on a new piece of legislation, based only on the observed text of legislation. The coupling of the text and legislation is also shown to yield insight into the properties of the matrix decomposition for roll-call data.
Using DNase Hi-C techniques to map global and local three-dimensional genome architecture at high resolution (2017)

Abstract The folding and three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromatin in the nucleus critically impacts genome function. The past decade has witnessed rapid advances in genomic tools for delineating 3D genome architecture. Among them, chromosome conformation capture (3C)-based methods such as Hi-C are the most widely used techniques for mapping chromatin interactions. However, traditional Hi-C protocols rely on restriction enzymes (REs) to fragment chromatin and are therefore limited in resolution. We recently developed DNase Hi-C for mapping 3D genome organization, which uses DNase I for chromatin fragmentation. DNase Hi-C overcomes RE-related limitations associated with traditional Hi-C methods, leading to improved methodological resolution. Furthermore, combining this method with DNA capture technology provides a high-throughput approach (targeted DNase Hi-C) that allows for mapping fine-scale chromatin architecture at exceptionally high resolution. Hence, targeted DNase Hi-C will be valuable for delineating the physical landscapes of cis -regulatory networks that control gene expression and for characterizing phenotype-associated chromatin 3D signatures. Here, we provide a detailed description of method design and step-by-step working protocols for these two methods. Highlights DNase Hi-C, a method for comprehensive mapping of chromatin contacts on a whole-genome scale, is based on random chromatin fragmentation by DNase I digestion instead of sequence-specific restriction enzyme (RE) digestion. Targeted DNase Hi-C, which combines DNase Hi-C with DNA capture technology, is a high-throughput method for mapping fine-scale chromatin architecture of genomic loci of interest at a resolution comparable to that of genomic annotations of functional elements. DNase Hi-C and targeted DNase Hi-C provide the first high-throughput way to overcome the RE-digestion-associated resolution limit of 3C-based methods. Step-by-step whole-genome and targeted DNase Hi-C protocols for mapping global and local 3D genome architecture, respectively, are described.
Simulation-Based Approaches for Verification of Embedded Control Systems: An Overview of Traditional and Advanced Modeling, Testing, and Verification Techniques (2016)

Designers of industrial embedded control systems, such as automotive, aerospace, and medical-device control systems, use verification and testing activities to increase their confidence that performance requirements and safety standards are met. Since testing and verification tasks account for a significant portion of the development effort, increasing the efficiency of testing and verification will have a significant impact on the total development cost. Existing and emerging simulation-based approaches offer improved means of testing and, in some cases, verifying the correctness of control system designs.
A framework for analysis of dynamic social networks (2006)

Finding patterns of social interaction within a population has wide-ranging applications including: disease modeling, cultural and information transmission, and behavioral ecology. Social interactions are often modeled with networks. A key characteristic of social interactions is their continual change. However, most past analyses of social networks are essentially static in that all information about the time that social interactions take place is discarded. In this paper, we propose a new mathematical and computational framework that enables analysis of dynamic social networks and that explicitly makes use of information about when social interactions occur.
A comparison of some of the pharmacological properties of the new eburnamenine derivative vindeburnol with those of vincamine, vinburnine, dihydroergotoxine mesilate and nicergoline. (1986)

The effects of a new eburnamenine derivative (3 beta,14 alpha, 16 alpha)-(+/-)-14,15-dihydro-20,21-dinoreburnamenin-14-ol (vindeburnol, RU 24722) on EEG, on brain energy metabolism and on local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and in different experimental models of cerebral insufficiency were compared with those of vincamine, vinburnine (1-eburnamonine), dihydroergotoxine mesilate and nicergoline. Vindeburnol at 2 mg/kg i.v., increased the EEG resistance time in rats subjected to asphyxia anoxia and at 10 mg/kg s.c., significantly improved the electrocortical recovery of gerbils subjected to a 10-min cerebral ischemia. Vindeburnol (10 mg/kg i.p.) significantly retarded glucose, phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate utilization and lactate production in mouse brain during 10 s of decapitation ischemia. The cerebral metabolic rate was 10.34 mmol/kg/min, which was about 50% of the control value. At 10 mg/kg i.p., the product induced a slight and transient increase in LCBF. Vincamine improved the early phase of the postischemic electrocortical recovery in the gerbil, had no effect on cerebral energy substrates and slightly increased the LCBF for 15 min. Dihydroergotoxine mesilate improved the early phase of the electrocortical recovery in gerbils subjected to ischemia, did not significantly modify the energy substrates and rapidly increased the LCBF, which was normal after 30 min. Vinburnine and nicergoline were inactive in the cerebral insufficiency models used and did not significantly modify cerebral energy metabolism. These results show that vindeburnol has a different pharmacological profile from vincamine, vinburnine, dihydroergotoxine mesilate and nicergoline, and suggest that vindeburnol may be therapeutically effective in cerebral insufficiency.
Isomerization Polymerization of Lactams (1977)

The isomerization polymerization of lactams is a rather recently discovered phenomenon. (1) It pertains to substituted lactams in which a particular substituent is or contains a carboxylic group capable of interacting with the amide function of the lactam. Whereas the ordinary ring opening polymerization of lactams yields polyamides, the isomerization polymerization results in the formation of polyimides. Either process is characterized by competition between an intramolecular reaction of cyclization and the intermolecular polymerization reaction. In the ordinary ring opening polymerization of lactams the former reaction is part of a polymer-monomer equilibrium, and the product of cyclization is the particular lactam itself. The chemical structure of the repeating unit of the corresponding polymer molecule is in this case identical to that of the opened lactam ring. This applies, of course, also to any cyclic oligomers formed during the polymerization process. A rather different situation, however, characterizes the isomerization polymerization for which
A novel circular invasion assay mimics in vivo invasive behavior of cancer cell lines and distinguishes single-cell motility in vitro (2008)

Given its ability to both determine pseudo-realistic invasive cell behavior in vitro and capture subtle differences in cell motility, we propose that our CIA method may shed some light on the cellular mechanisms underlying cancer invasion and deserves inclusion in further studies. The broad implication of this work is the development of a reproducible, quantifiable, high-resolution method that can be applied to various models, to include an unlimited number of parameters and/or agents that may influence invasion.
Development of a Novel Genus-Specific Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and Differentiation of Bartonella Species and Genotypes (2012)

The genus Bartonella includes numerous species with varied host associations, including several that infect humans. Development of a molecular diagnostic method capable of detecting the diverse repertoire of Bartonella species while maintaining genus specificity has been a challenge. We developed a novel real-time PCR assay targeting a 301-bp region of the ssrA gene of Bartonella and demonstrated specific amplification in over 30 Bartonella species, subspecies, and strains. Subsequent analysis of ssrA sequences was sufficient to discriminate Bartonella species and provided phylogenetic data consistent with that of gltA, a commonly used gene for differentiating Bartonella genotypes. Using this assay, we identified Bartonella DNA in 29% and 47% of blood specimens from elk in Wyoming and cattle in the Republic of Georgia, respectively. Sequence analysis of a subset of genotypes from elk specimens revealed a cluster most closely related to Bartonella capreoli, and genotypes from cattle were identified as Bartonella bovis, both Bartonella species commonly found in wild and domestic ruminants. Considering the widespread geographic distribution and infectivity potential to a variety of hosts, this assay may be an effective diagnostic method for identification of Bartonella infections in humans and have utility in Bartonella surveillance studies.
Depression Circumstantially Related to the Administration of Finasteride for Androgenetic Alopecia (2002)

In this paper we report 19 patients (14 males, 5 females; mean age 28.16 years +/- 7.68 SD) out of a series of 23 (17 males, 5 females) who developed a mood disturbance (moderate to severe depression) during treatment with finasteride, 1 mg/day orally, for androgenetic alopecia (Hamilton subtypes III-V; Ludwig subtypes I-II). Depression, which significatively impaired sociofamilial relations, sleep and eating behaviour, was associated to marked anxiety in some cases, developed after 9-19 weeks of treatment with finasteride, and promptly resolved after suspension of the drug. Two patients accepted reintroduction of the drug, and depression relapsed within 2 weeks. Depression as an adverse effect of finasteride has been reported only once. Further studies are needed to confirm our circumstantial observations, which are based on a retrospective series of patients.
Reactive Ion Etching of Aluminum/Silicon in BBr3 / Cl2 and BCl3 / Cl2 Mixtures (1988)

Boron tribromide mixed with chlorine, , a novel gas mixture for dry etching of Al and Al alloys, has been studied in a hexagonal cathode reactive ion etching system. Etch rates, selectivities, profiles, and linewidth loss were determined as a function of feed gas composition, dc self‐bias, and reactor load in a Box‐Behnken experimental design. Response surface analysis indicates a window exists in the experimental parameter space where significant improvements in selectivity can be achieved without sacrificing anisotropic profiles. For example, anisotropic etching can be achieved with mixtures while maintaining and Al/photoresist etch rate ratios of 33:1 and 15:1, respectively. The achievable selectivities in a conventional mixture of were 13:1 and 2.5:1 for comparable anisotropic etching. Optical emission and mass spectrometry measurements were used to aid in an investigation of the kinetics of etching of Al and films. Scanning Auger microprobe analysis was performed on the postetched substrates. A kinetic model is proposed to account for variations between and RIE etching of Al and Al alloys.
Controlling Microarray Spot Morphology with Polymer Liftoff Arrays (2006)

Biological arrays are hindered by the lack of uniformity in the deposition of biomaterials. Efforts aimed at improving this deposition have focused on altering the composition of the solution or the tool used to deposit the material. However, little attention has been paid to controlling material deposition by constraining the physical and chemical topography of the surface. Here we present the use of a hybrid hydrophilic/hydrophobic micropatterned surface to direct the deposition of spotted DNA on microarrays. These polymer "liftoff" arrays combine the hydrophobic surface properties of di-p-xylylene (Parylene) with photolithographically etched hydrophilic openings within the polymer. We show that the flow pattern of solutes on these substrates favors the concentration of dissolved material into the mesoscopic openings underlying the printed spot, resulting in significantly improved uniformity of deposition. Moreover, the micropatterned surface allows for increased replication of spotted materials. Finally, these polymer liftoff arrays display reduced array-to-array variation, improving the reproducibility of data acquisition. We envision that these novel substrates can be generalized to produce more uniform arrays of other patterned biomaterials.
The Harms of ESD on Electronic Products and Anti-static Design (2010)

The article introduces the harms of ESD on electronic products and the requirements to the noise immunity test of ESD,and discusses how to improve electronic products discharging capability in the aspects of component and circuit structure.
Surface modification of a POSS-nanocomposite material to enhance cellular integration of a synthetic bioscaffold (2016)

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU) is a versatile nanocomposite biomaterial with growing applications as a bioscaffold for tissue engineering. Integration of synthetic implants with host tissue can be problematic but could be improved by topographical modifications. We describe optimization of POSS-PCU by dispersion of porogens (sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium chloride (NaCl) and sucrose) onto the material surface, with the principle aim of increasing surface porosity, thus providing additional opportunities for improved cellular and vascular ingrowth. We assess the effect of the porogens on the material's mechanical strength, surface chemistry, wettability and cytocompatibilty. Surface porosity was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There was no alteration in surface chemistry and wettability and only modest changes in mechanical properties were detected. The size of porogens correlated well with the porosity of the construct produced and larger porogens improved interconnectivity of spaces within constructs. Using primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) we demonstrate moderate in vitro cytocompatibility for all surface modifications; however, larger pores resulted in cellular aggregation. These cells were able to differentiate on POSS-PCU scaffolds. Implantation of the scaffold in vivo demonstrated that larger pore sizes favor cellular integration and vascular ingrowth. These experiments demonstrate that surface modification with large porogens can improve POSS-PCU nanocomposite scaffold integration and suggest the need to strike a balance between the non-porous surfaces required for epithelial coverage and the porous structure required for integration and vascularization of synthetic scaffolds in future construct design.
Studies on the Synthesis of Amino Acids by the Schmidt Reaction. II. New Synthetic Method for ω-Amino Acids and Syntheses of DL-2, 8-Diaminooctanoic Acid and DL-2, 9-Diaminononanoic Acid. (1959)

A new method was found for synthesis of ω-amino acids in a good yield by the Schmidt reaction, reacting basic acids with calculated amount of hydrazoic acid. In this case, the use of monoalkyl ester of dibasic acid as the starting material gave still better yield. In addition, DL-2, 8-diaminooctanoic acid and DL-2, 9-diaminononanoic acid were obtained in a high yield as their monohydrochlorides from 8-aminooctanoic acid and 9-aminononanoic acid, respectively, which were prepared by the above-mentioned reaction.
Downlink Scheduling with Transmission Strategy Selection for Multi-Cell MIMO Systems (2012)

In this paper, we study downlink scheduling with transmission strategy selection in multi-cell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Depending on the level of inter-cell interference experienced by a user, the scheduler can choose between two MIMO transmission strategies, namely, spatial multiplexing and interference alignment. We formulate an optimization problem which aims to jointly select a user and the corresponding transmission strategy for each base station in order to maximize the overall system utility while stabilizing all transmission queues. We first develop a centralized dynamic scheduling scheme with transmission strategy selection by using a stochastic network optimization approach. To reduce the communication overhead, we then propose a distributed scheduling algorithm which only requires limited message exchange between the base stations. We also consider the impact of imperfect channel state information on the scheduling schemes and propose an efficient rate adjustment method to improve the performance for this case. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed distributed scheduling scheme is close to that of the centralized scheduling scheme, and both schemes achieve a better performance than schemes employing a single transmission strategy.
Sol–gel synthesis of NASICON discs from aqueous solution (1997)

Sodium superionic conductor (NASICON: Na 1+x Zr 2 Si x P 3-x O 12 ) discs of high density and relatively high purity can be easily synthesized with good reproducibility by a sol–gel method using a mixed solution of inorganic materials, by evaporation, calcination, and sintering. The densities and ionic conductivities of the NASICON discs were largely dependent on the calcination and sintering conditions, the optimum temperatures of which were found to be 750 °C (1 h) and 1000 °C (6 h), respectively. It was also found that high-density and relatively high-purity NASICON discs could be derived more easily by controlling the pH of the sol in the first step to ca. 3.0.
Managing RFID data in supply chains (2007)

The implementation of RFID leads to improved visibility in supply chains. However, as a consequence of the increased data collection and enhanced data granularity, supply chain participants have to deal with new data management challenges. In this paper, we give an overview of the current challenges and solution proposals in the area of data collection and transformation, data organisation and data security. We also identify further research requirements.
Antitumoral Action of Xenogenic Substances in Vivo and in Vitro (2015)

The proliferation of various tumour cells was inhibited in vivo and in vitro after application of/or incubation with xenogeneic liver tissue. The development of s.c.-implanted meth-A-sarcoma was blocked by the prophylactic injection of these preparations. In addition firmly established tumours regressed under therapy. Preparations obtained from xenogeneic organs like thymus, placenta or brain had a similar antitumor activity. A mixture of various xenogeneic tissues from different species had a much higher therapeutic efficiency. In the Meth-A-system the xenogeneic material surpassed the antineoplastic effect of rather high doses of cyclophosphamide. The preparations showed no side-effects in mice and rats. These results were supported by experiments in tissue culture. This new antitumour activity of xenogeneic tissues in vivo is interpreted as mediated by an increased host defense. The results in tissue culture however, indicate also a direct regulatory effect on cells.