gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Further Studies on the Effect of Specific Antiserum on Induction, Maintenance and Termination of Immunologic Tolerance (1968)

Summary Establishment of immunologic tolerance to soluble somatic antigens derived from Shigella paradysenteriae was prevented in neonatal mice by a single injection of either rabbit or mouse antiserum to Shigella. Serum dilutions less than 1:100 were generally necessary to demonstrate this effect, even when the sera had agglutinin titers greater than 1:5120. Injection of antiserum on the day of birth, or 1 day thereafter, readily interfered with establishment of tolerance. An interval of several days or more between injection of antiserum and SSA resulted in no demonstrable effect on tolerance induction. γ-Globulin fractions derived either from rabbit or mouse antisera had similar effects in preventing tolerance induction. IgM and IgG rich fractions prepared by sucrose gradient centrifugation of γ-globulin prepared from pooled rabbit or mouse hyperimmune serum were also effective. However, IgG fractions prepared from “early” immune rabbit or mouse serum, which had low titers to Shigella, were ineffective. Whole serum, γ-globulin, or IgM and IgG fractions pooled from serum specimens obtained from partially tolerant mice several months old also had little or no effect when injected into other mice at birth, together with SSA. Undiluted “tolerant” sera, even those with titers in the range of 1:256, were less effective in blocking establishment of tolerance than higher dilutions of “early immune” mouse or rabbit serum with lower agglutinin titers. Injection of specific antiserum or immunoglobulin fractions generally did not affect established tolerance in young adult mice. However, injection of such serum to tolerant mice several months of age often resulted in more rapid termination of tolerance.
<i>In planta</i> gene targeting (2012)

The development of designed site-specific endonucleases boosted the establishment of gene targeting (GT) techniques in a row of different species. However, the methods described in plants require a highly efficient transformation and regeneration procedure and, therefore, can be applied to very few species. Here, we describe a highly efficient GT system that is suitable for all transformable plants regardless of transformation efficiency. Efficient in planta GT was achieved in Arabidopsis thaliana by expression of a site-specific endonuclease that not only cuts within the target but also the chromosomal transgenic donor, leading to an excised targeting vector. Progeny clonal for the targeted allele could be obtained directly by harvesting seeds. Targeted events could be identified up to approximately once per 100 seeds depending on the target donor combination. Molecular analysis demonstrated that, in almost all events, homologous recombination occurred at both ends of the break. No ectopic integration of the GT vector was found.
Session: CSP Advanced Systems: Optical Materials (Presentation) (2008)

The Optical Materials project description is to characterize advanced reflector, perform accelerated and outdoor testing of commercial and experimental reflector materials, and provide industry support.
The role of TDP-43 propagation in neurodegenerative diseases: integrating insights from clinical and experimental studies (2020)

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a highly conserved nuclear RNA/DNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of RNA processing. The accumulation of TDP-43 aggregates in the central nervous system is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). Accumulating evidence suggests that prion-like spreading of aberrant protein aggregates composed of tau, amyloid-β, and α-synuclein is involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD. Similar to those of prion-like proteins, pathological aggregates of TDP-43 can be transferred from cell-to-cell in a seed-dependent and self-templating manner. Here, we review clinical and experimental studies supporting the prion-like spreading of misfolded TDP-43 and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the propagation of these pathological aggregated proteins. The idea that misfolded TDP-43 spreads in a prion-like manner between cells may guide novel therapeutic strategies for TDP-43-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
Uptake and accumulation of heavy metals by <i>Typha latifolia</i> in wetlands of the Sudbury, Ontario region (1983)

The accumulation of Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, Mg, and Ca in tissues of Typha latifolia along a 76-km transect extending northwest from Sudbury, Ont., was investigated. Despite high levels of Cu and Ni in the soil–sediment material, these metals were largely excluded from aboveground tissues of T. latifolia. Concentrations of Fe in tissues of T. latifolia were unusually low and may reflect induced iron deficiency. The patterns of uptake of all the metals (except Ca) were similar. Roots showed higher concentrations than the rhizomes and aboveground parts and young leaf tissue (leaf bases) showed lower concentrations than older leaf tissue (leaf tips). Concentrations of Zn, Mg, and Ca accumulated in tissues of T. latifolia were not correlated with soil–sediment metal concentrations. Concentrations of Cu and Ni in belowground and reproductive tissues were correlated with soil–sediment concentrations; however, concentrations in the leaves were not. Accumulation of Fe and Mn in all plant tissues was correlated with concentrations in the soil–sediment material. Soil–sediment pH, E h , and organic carbon content may have affected the uptake of metals by T. latifolia. However, the effects of any of these factors in isolation may have been obscured by the variation in other physical or biotic factors.
A secure and efficient remote patient‐monitoring authentication protocol for cloud‐IoT (2020)

Summary The ongoing Cloud‐IoT (Internet of Things)–based technological advancements have revolutionized the ways in which remote patients could be monitored and provided with health care facilities. The real‐time monitoring of patient's health leads to dispensing the right medical treatment at the right time. The health professionals need to access patients' sensitive data for such monitoring, and if treated with negligence, it could also be used for malevolent objectives by the adversary. Hence, the Cloud‐IoT–based technology gains could only be conferred to the patients and health professionals, if the latter authenticate one another properly. Many authentication protocols are proposed for remote patient health care monitoring, but with limitations. Lately, Sharma and Kalra (DOI: 10.1007/s40998‐018‐0146‐5) present a remote patient‐monitoring authentication scheme based on body sensors. However, we discover that the scheme still bears many drawbacks including stolen smart card attack, session key compromise, and user impersonation attacks. In view of those limitations, we have designed an efficient authentication protocol for remote patient health monitoring that counters all the above‐mentioned drawbacks. Moreover, we prove the security features of our protocol using BAN logic‐based formal security analysis and validate the results in ProVerif automated security tool.
Reduced Prefrontal Gray Matter Volume and Reduced Autonomic Activity in Antisocial Personality Disorder (2000)

To our knowledge, these findings provide the first evidence for a structural brain deficit in APD. This prefrontal structural deficit may underlie the low arousal, poor fear conditioning, lack of conscience, and decision-making deficits that have been found to characterize antisocial, psychopathic behavior.
Comparison of options for distributed generation in India (2004)

There is renewed interest in distributed generation (DG). This paper reviews the different technological options available for DG, their current status and evaluates them based on the cost of generation and future potential in India. The non-renewable options considered are internal combustion engines fuelled by diesel , natural gas and microturbines and fuel cells fired by natural gas. The renewable technologies considered are wind, solar photovoltaic , biomass gasification and bagasse cogeneration . The cost of generation is dependent on the load factor and the discount rate. Gas engines and Bagasse based cogeneration are found to be the most cost effective DG options while wind and biomass gasifier fired engines are viable under certain conditions. PEM Fuel cells and micro turbines based on natural gas need a few demonstrations projects and cost reductions before becoming viable. A strategy involving pilot projects, tracking of costs and dissemination of information is likely to result in DG meeting 10% of India's power needs by 2012.
A built-in self-repair scheme for DRAMs with spare rows, columns, and bits (2016)

With the shrinking of technology node, the data retention time of DRAM (DRAM) cells is widespread. Thus, the number of the cells with data retention faults is increased. In this paper, therefore, we propose a built-in self-repair (BISR) scheme for DRAMs using redundancies with physical and logical reconfiguration mechanisms. Spare rows and columns with physical reconfiguration mechanism are used to repair functional faults caused by defects. Spare bits with logical reconfiguration mechanism are used to replace data retention faults caused by process variation. Also, a diagnosis algorithm is proposed to identify data retention faults. Simulation results show that the proposed BISR scheme for a DRAM with 2 spare rows, 2 spare columns, and 8 spare bits can provide higher repair yield than a BISR scheme for a DRAM with 3 spare rows and 3 spare columns.
Low molecular weight polyacrylic acid with nitrilodi(methylene-phosphonic acid) chain ends for scale inhibition (1999)

Poly(acrylic acid) with molecular weight of 5000 was produced by using 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride as chain transfer agent. Amine chain end groups of the resulting polyacrylic acid were transformed into nitrilodi(methylenephosphonic acid) by reacting formaldehyde-phosphorous acid in the presence of hydrogen chloride. 1H NMR, 31P NMR and microanalysis were used for structural analysis.The modified polyacrylic acid had much better calcium carbonate scale inhibition effect than commercial poly(acrylic acid). Polyacrylsäure mit einem Molekulargewicht von 5000 wurde mit 2-Aminoethanthiol-Hydrochlorid als Kettenüberträger hergestellt. Die Aminendgruppen dieser Polyacrylsäure wurden durch Reaktion mit Formaldehyd und phosphoriger Säure in Gegenwart von Chlorwasserstoff zu Nitrilodi-(methylenphosphonsäure)-Endgruppen umgesetzt. Dies wurde mittels 1H-NMR, 31P-NMR und Mikroanalyse bestätigt. Die Wirkung der modifizierten Polyacrylsäure gegen Calciumcarbonat-Ablagerung übertraf die einer handelsüblichen Polyacrylsäure.
Spatial mapping of nitric oxide generation in the ischemic heart using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (1996)

Recently, it has been shown that rat hearts subjected to global ischemia generate nitric oxide (NO) and that a significant portion of it is generated by the reduction of nitrite under the acidic and reducing conditions that occur during myocardial ischemia [Zweier, Wang, Samouilov, Kuppusamy, Nature Med. 1, 804-809 (1995)]. In the present study it is further attempted to map the spatial distributions of the NO generation in the ischemic myocardium using L-band electron paramagnetic resonance imaging. Rat hearts were loaded with 10 mM nitrite and subjected to global no-flow ischemia, during which time a series of three-dimensional spatial electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) images of the distribution of NO were obtained using the NO trap bis(N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate)iron(II). The images clearly showed that NO is formed throughout the myocardium. Kinetic experiments showed that maximum NO generation and trapping occur at the midmyocardium and spread out to endocardium and epicardium of the left ventricle. The magnitude of generation in the RV myocardium is four- to fivefold lower than in the LV.
The Open and Adaptive Tradition: Applying the Concepts of Open Building and Multi-Purpose Design in Traditional Chinese Vernacular Architecture (2011)

The concepts of Open Building and Multi-purpose Design are generally considered as the latest innovative trends in contemporary architecture in addressing the current globalization, rapidly-changing market and requirements of sustainability. However, based on extensive research on examples of surviving ancestral halls in villages, in particular on analysis of their functional programme and configurational desire, this paper attempts to demonstrate that such concepts are already inherent in Chinese traditional vernacular architecture. This hypothesis is in line with the basic essence of Chinese architecture: maximization of modular components and standard plans to suit most functions. This explains why traditional Chinese architecture appears to have been mostly in the hands of master craftsmen without the design by architects. To lead the way forward, this paper further studies the roles of Open Building and Multi-purpose Design in the current age, in particular the possible application of Indefinite Space and Flexible Programme in Adaptive Re-uses of Chinese vernacular architecture in the contemporary context.
Thrombomucin, a Novel Cell Surface Protein that Defines Thrombocytes and Multipotent Hematopoietic Progenitors (1997)

MEP21 is an avian antigen specifically expressed on the surface of Myb-Ets-transformed multipotent hematopoietic precursors (MEPs) and of normal thrombocytes. Using nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry, we have sequenced and subsequently cloned the MEP21 cDNA and named the gene thrombomucin as it encodes a 571-amino acid protein with an extracellular domain typical of the mucin family of proteoglycans. Thrombomucin is distantly related to CD34, the best characterized and most used human hematopoietic stem cell marker. It is also highly homologous in its transmembrane/intracellular domain to podocalyxinlike protein-1, a rabbit cell surface glycoprotein of kidney podocytes. Single cell analysis of yolk sac cells from 3-d-old chick embryos revealed that thrombomucin is expressed on the surface of both lineage-restricted and multipotent progenitors. In the bone marrow, thrombomucin is also expressed on mono- and multipotent progenitors, showing an overlapping but distinct expression pattern from that of the receptor-type stem cell marker c-kit. These observations strengthen the notion that the Myb-Ets oncoprotein can induce the proliferation of thrombomucin-positive hematopoietic progenitors that have retained the capacity to differentiate along multiple lineages. They also suggest that thrombomucin and CD34 form a family of stem cell-specific proteins with possibly overlapping functions in early hematopoietic progenitors.
BHA Lateral Vibrations: Case Studies and Evaluation of Important Parameters (1987)

Abstract Recent efforts to compute and measure drillstring and bottom hole assembly vibrations have shown that vibrations occur in the BHA which do not coincide with computed natural frequencies for axial and torsional vibrations. Analysis of BHA failures has indicated that lateral vibrations in the BHA was the probable cause of some failures. This paper presents a collection of bottom hole assembly failures. The possibility of lateral vibrations being the cause of a failure has been evaluated by considering circumstances surrounding the failure and making comparisons to a lateral vibration computer model. Similarities between lateral vibration failures are analyzed to determine what parameters are important in identifying the susceptibility of a bottom hole assembly to large lateral vibrations. The parameters include depth, hole size, ratio of hole size to drill collar diameter, and stabilizer placement. The results of this paper allow the drilling engineer to avoid BHA designs which have been shown to be susceptible to lateral vibration failures and identify designs which should be evaluated in more detail such as with a lateral vibration analysis.
Vertically illuminated TW-UTC photodiodes for terahertz generation (2010)

More efficient continuous-wave photonic nearinfrared mixers as terahertz sources are investigated with the motivation to develop a universal photonic local oscillator for astronomical submillimeter/terahertz receiver systems. For this, we develop new concepts for vertically illuminated traveling-wave (TW) photomixers, TW Uni-Travelling Carrier (UTC) photodiodes. Device simulation/modeling and optical/terahertz testing is being done in the new terahertz photonics laboratory at the Electrical Engineering Department of the University of Chile, whereas device fabrication is performed at the MC2 cleanroom facility at Chalmers Technical University. We report on first progress in this direction.
Cross-polar aircraft trajectory optimization and the potential climate impact (2011)

Cross-Polar routes offer new opportunities for air travel markets. Transpolar flights reduce travel times, fuel burns, and associated environmental emissions by flying direct paths between many North American and Asian cities. This study evaluates the potential benefits of flying wind-optimal polar routes and assessed their potential impact on climate change. An optimization algorithm is developed for transpolar flights to generate wind-optimal trajectories that minimize climate impact of aircraft, in terms of global warming potentials (relative to warming by one kg of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) of several types of emissions, while avoiding regions of airspace that facilitate persistent contrail formation. Estimations of global warming potential are incorporated into the objective function of the optimization algorithm to assess the climate impact of aircraft emissions discharged at a given location and altitude. The regions of airspace with very low ambient temperature and areas favorable to persistent contrail formation are modeled as undesirable regions that aircraft should avoid and are formulated as soft state constraints. The fuel burn and climate impact of cross-polar air traffic flying various types of trajectory including flight plan, great circle, wind optimal, and contrail-avoidance are computed for 15 origin-destination pairs between major international airports in the U.S. and Asia. Wind-optimal routes reduce average fuel burn of flight plan routes by 4.4% on December 4, 2010 and 8.0% on August 7, 2010, respectively. The tradeoff between persistent contrail formation and additional global warming potential of aircraft emissions is investigated with and without altitude optimization. Without altitude optimization, the reduction in contrail travel times is gradual with increase in total fuel consumption. When altitude is optimized, a one percent increase in additional global warming potential, a climate impact equivalent to that of 4070kg and 4220kg CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emission, reduces 135 and 105 minutes persistent contrail formation per flight during a day with medium and high contrail formation, respectively.
Deterministic direct aperture optimization using multiphase piecewise constant segmentation (2017)

A novel deterministic direct aperture optimization formulation was developed and evaluated. It combines fluence map optimization and the multiphase piecewise constant Mumford-Shah segmentation into a unified framework, and the resulting optimization problem can be solved efficiently. Compared to the widely and commercially used simulated annealing DAO approach, it showed comparable dosimetry behavior for simple plans, and substantially improved OAR sparing, PTV coverage, PTV homogeneity, high dose spillage, and conformity for the more complex head and neck plan.
Adaptive Bayesian Latent Semantic Analysis (2007)

Due to the vast growth of data collections, the statistical document modeling has become increasingly important in language processing areas. Probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) is a popular approach whereby the semantics and statistics can be effectively captured for modeling. However, PLSA is highly sensitive to task domain, which is continuously changing in real-world documents. In this paper, a novel Bayesian PLSA framework is presented. We focus on exploiting the incremental learning algorithm for solving the updating problem of new domain articles. This algorithm is developed to improve document modeling by incrementally extracting up-to-date latent semantic information to match the changing domains at run time. By adequately representing the priors of PLSA parameters using Dirichlet densities, the posterior densities belong to the same distribution so that a reproducible prior/posterior mechanism is activated for incremental learning from constantly accumulated documents. An incremental PLSA algorithm is constructed to accomplish the parameter estimation as well as the hyperparameter updating. Compared to standard PLSA using maximum likelihood estimate, the proposed approach is capable of performing dynamic document indexing and modeling. We also present the maximum a posteriori PLSA for corrective training. Experiments on information retrieval and document categorization demonstrate the superiority of using Bayesian PLSA methods.
Applications of Brzozowski derivatives to XML Schema processing. (2005)

Given a regular language L, the Brzozowski derivative of L with respect to some string s is a regular expression which defines what strings can follow s in strings appearing in L. The calculation of Brzozowski derivatives is a convenient and beautiful tool for the algebraic manipulation of content models. It can provide convenient solutions to several problems arising in developing, manipulating, and validating content models in W3C XML Schema: validation, checking the unique-particle-attribution constraint, and testing whether the language accepted by one content model is a subset of that accepted by another. Applications of Brzozowski derivatives to XML Schema processing
Control of Rotor Tip Leakage Through Cooling Injection From the Casing in a High-Work Turbine (2008)

This paper presents an experimental investigation of a novel approach for controlling the rotor tip leakage and secondary flow by injecting cooling air from the stationary casing onto the rotor tip. It contains a detailed analysis of the unsteady flow interaction between the injected air and the flow in the rotor tip region and its impact on the rotor secondary flow structures. The experimental investigation has been conducted on a one-and-1/2-stage, unshrouded turbine, which has been especially designed and built for the current investigation. The turbine test case models a highly loaded, high pressure gas turbine stage. Measurements conducted with a two-sensor fast-response aerodynamic probe have provided data describing the time-resolved behavior of flow angles and pressures, as well as turbulence intensity in the exit plane of the rotor. Cooling air has been injected in the circumferential direction at a 30 deg angle from the casing tangent, opposing the rotor turning direction through a circumferential array of ten equidistant holes per rotor pitch. Different cooling air injection configurations have been tested. Injection parameters such as mass flow, axial position, and size of the holes have been varied to see the effect on the rotor tip secondary flows. The results of the current investigation show that with the injection, the size and the turbulence intensity of the rotor tip leakage vortex and the rotor tip passage vortex reduce. Both vortices move toward the tip suction side corner of the rotor passage. With an appropriate combination of injection mass flow rate and axial injection position, the isentropic efficiency of the stage was improved by 0.55 percentage points.