gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly and Lipid Rafts: Pr55 <sup> <i>gag</i> </sup> Associates with Membrane Domains That Are Largely Resistant to Brij98 but Sensitive to Triton X-100 (2003)

The assembly and budding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at the plasma membrane are directed by the viral core protein Pr55(gag). We have analyzed whether Pr55(gag) has intrinsic affinity for sphingolipid- and cholesterol-enriched raft microdomains at the plasma membrane. Pr55(gag) has previously been reported to associate with Triton X-100-resistant rafts, since both intracellular membranes and virus-like Pr55(gag) particles (VLPs) yield buoyant Pr55(gag) complexes upon Triton X-100 extraction at cold temperatures, a phenotype that is usually considered to indicate association of a protein with rafts. However, we show here that the buoyant density of Triton X-100-treated Pr55(gag) complexes cannot be taken as a proof for raft association of Pr55(gag), since lipid analyses of Triton X-100-treated VLPs demonstrated that the detergent readily solubilizes the bulk of membrane lipids from Pr55(gag). However, Pr55(gag) might nevertheless be a raft-associated protein, since confocal fluorescence microscopy indicated that coalescence of GM1-positive rafts at the cell surface led to copatching of membrane-bound Pr55(gag). Furthermore, extraction of intracellular membranes or VLPs with Brij98 yielded buoyant Pr55(gag) complexes of low density. Lipid analyses of Brij98-treated VLPs suggested that a large fraction of the envelope cholesterol and phospholipids was resistant to Brij98. Collectively, these results suggest that Pr55(gag) localizes to membrane microdomains that are largely resistant to Brij98 but sensitive to Triton X-100, and these membrane domains provide the platform for assembly and budding of Pr55(gag) VLPs.
Nitrate in Vegetables (2004)

The nitrate contents of various vegetables were analyzed by ion chromatography. It was shown that tahtsai, spinach, chingentsai and pakchoi contained more than 300 mg of nitrate per 100 g of edible portion. There was a significant difference in the nitrate content of leaf, stem and edible portion of chingentsai between summer and winter, and there was a significant difference in the nitrate content of leaf, stem of tahtsai between summer and winter. There was a significant difference in the nitrate content of chingentsai between hydroponics and soil culture. The procedures of boiling and soaking tended to lower nitrate content.
Lyophilization of nucleic acid nanoparticles (2012)

The objective of the thesis was the lyophilization of cationic polymer-based pDNA or siRNA nanoparticles (i.e. polyplexes) with a special focus on the development of long-term stable formulations, the investigation of stabilization mechanisms especially during freezing, and the advanced monitoring of the lyophilization process. It was shown that an up-scaled preparation method in combination with subsequent lyophilization is a promising approach to reproducibly achieve long-term stable pDNA or siRNA polyplexes maintaining particle size and biological activity at pharmaceutically defined high quality. The results demonstrated that formulation development, highly dependent on the used type of polymer or nucleic acid, and process development, with a strong focus on the freezing, in combination with appropriate process monitoring needs always to be performed hand in hand. All in all, this thesis makes an essential contribution in order to move closer from a promising biotechnological approach towards clinic-friendly drugs.
A mass of dross and one particle of gold: observations on a new text of Lucretius (2000)

Some remarks on Lucretius’ edition by A. Garcia Calvo with corrections of mistakes in the attribution of conjectures and discussion of Calvo’s conjecture fremitum (6.199), with further supporting arguments.
Cidofovir and Foscarnet for Treatment of Human Herpesvirus 6 Encephalitis in a Neutropenic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient (2007)

We report a stem cell transplant recipient who developed human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis. Human herpesvirus 6 load indicated massive intrathecal viral replication. Administration of cidofovir followed by foscarnet was associated with total clearance of human herpesvirus 6 infection. Cidofovir and foscarnet combination therapy may be beneficial for reducing mortality of (neutropenic) stem cell transplant recipients with human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis.
Restoration of the responsiveness of purified guanylate cyclase to nitrosoguanidine, nitric oxide, and related activators by heme and hemeproteins. Evidence for involvement of the paramagnetic nitrosyl-heme complex in enzyme activation. (1978)

Purification of soluble guanylate cyclase activity from rat liver resulted in loss of enzyme responsiveness to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), nitroprusside, nitrite, and NO. Responses were restored by addition of heat-treated hepatic supernatant fraction, implying a requirement for heat-stable soluble factor(s) in the optimal expression of the actions of the activators. Addition of free hematin, hemoglobin, methemoglobin, active or heat-inactivated catalase partially restores responsiveness of purified guanylate cyclase to MNNG, NO, nitrite, and nitroprusside. These responses were markedly potentiated by the presence of an appropriate concentration of reducing agent (dithiothreitol, ascorbate, cysteine, or glutathione), which maintains heme iron in the ferro form and favors formation of paramagnetic nitrosyl . heme complexes from the activators. High concentrations of heme or reducing agents were inhibitory, and heme was not required for the expression of the stimulatory effects of Mn2+ or Mg2+ on purified guanylate cyclase. Preformed nitrosyl hemoglobin (10 micron) increased activity of the purified enzyme 10- to 20-fold over basal with Mn2+ as the metal cofactor and 90- to 100-fold with Mg2+. Purified guanylate cyclase was more sensitive to preformed NO-hemoglobin (minimally effective concentration, 0.1 micron) than to MNNG (1 micron), nitroprusside (50 micron), or nitrite (1 mM). A reducing agent was not required for optimal stimulation of guanylate cyclase by NO-hemoglobin. Maximal NO-hemoglobin-responsive guanylate cyclase was not further increased by subsequent addition of NO, MNNG, nitrite, or nitroprusside. Activation by each agent resulted in analogous alterations in the Mn2+ and Mg2+ requirements of enzyme activity, and responses were inhibited by the thiol-blocking agents N-ethylmaleimide, arsenite, or iodoacetamide. The results suggest that NO-hemoglobin, MNNG, NO, nitrite, and nitroprusside activate guanylate cyclase through similar mechanisms. The stimulatory effects of preformed NO-hemoglobin combined with the clear requirements for heme plus a reducing agent in the optimal expression of the actions of MNNG, NO, and related agents are consistent with a role for the paramagnetic nitrosyl . heme complex in the activation of guanylate cyclase.
Precisión del trazado de plantillas para pechinas de baídas por hiladas redondas según el manuscrito de Vandelvira (2013)

Este trabajo analiza la precision del trazado de las plantillas para las pechinas de las bovedas baidas despiezadas por hiladas redondas, segun el manuscrito de Alonso de Vandelvira
Isolation and structural determination of squalene synthase inhibitor from Prunus mume fruit. (2007)

Squalene synthase plays an important role in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Inhibiting this enzyme in hypercholesterolemia can lower not only plasma cholesterol but also plasma triglyceride levels. A squalene synthase inhibitor was screened from Prunus mume fruit, and then purified via sequential processes of ethanol extraction, HP-20 column chromatography, ethyl acetate extraction, silica gel column chromatography, and crystallization. The squalene synthase inhibitor was identified as chlorogenic acid with a molecular mass of 354 Da and a molecular formula of C16H18O9 based on UV spectrophotometry, 1H and 13C NMRs, and mass spectrometry. Chlorogenic acid inhibited the squalene synthase of pig liver with an IC50 level of 100 nM. Since chlorogenic acid was an effective inhibitor against the squalene synthase of an animal source, it may be a potential therapeutic agent for hypercholesterolemia.
Ellipsometric scatterometry for the metrology of sub-01-μm-linewidth structures (1998)

We describe a modification to our existing scatterometry technique for extracting the relative phase and amplitude of the electric field diffracted from a grating. This modification represents a novel combination of aspects of ellipsometry and scatterometry to provide improved sensitivity to small variations in the linewidth of subwavelength gratings compared with conventional scatterometer measurements. We present preliminary theoretical and experimental results that illustrate the possibility of the ellipsometric scatterometry technique providing a metrology tool for characterizing sub-0.1-mum-linewidth.
Customized aspheric intraocular lenses calculated with real ray tracing (2009)

Real ray tracing calculated the exact geometry of custom IOLs to provide the minimum wavefront error, going beyond simple diopter information. Results show spherical aberration can be significantly reduced with aspheric IOLs. However, the limited possible reduction of total HOAs, even perfectly positioned custom aspheric IOLs, may be a reason for the unclear results in studies assessing the potential benefit to visual performance of currently used aspheric IOLs.
Real-time reproduction of 3D human images in virtual space teleconferencing (2002)

Real-time reproduction of a 3D human image is realized by an experimental system built for the realization of virtual space teleconferencing, in which participants at different sites can feel as if they are at one site and can work cooperatively. In the teleconferencing system, a 3D model of a participant is constructed by a wire-frame model mapped by color texture and is displayed on 3D screen at the receiving site. In the experimental system, to realize real-time detection of facial features at the sending site, tape marks are attached to facial muscles, and the marks are tracked visually. To detect movements of the head, body, hands and fingers in real-time, magnetic sensors and data glove are used. When the movements of the participant are reproduced at the receiving site, the detected results are used to drive the nodes in the wire frame model. Using the experimental system, the optimum number of nodes for real-time reproduction is obtained. Results for real-time cooperative work using the experimental system are demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Path Delay Fault Simulator for Sequential Circuits (2005)

To analyze path delay faults in synchronous sequential circuits, stimuli are simulated in a dual-vector mode. The signal states represent the logic and transilion conditions for two consecutive vectors. APer the simulation of each vector, only the activated paths are traced and the corresponding fault effect, if propagated to a flipflop, is added to its fault list. A path numbering scheme avoids storage of path data which can be generated, if needed, from the path number. The differential fault simulation technique is used to propagate the stored fault effects of previously activated paths. The simulation is independent of the specific delays of the combinational elements and either robust or nonrobust detection can be simulated as an option to the user. However, considering sequential robustness, a path delay fault should be testable irrespective of the delays of all other paths. In that sense, our present version simulates only non-robust faults. Ezperimental results on ISCAS '89 sequential benchmarks using the test patterns generated by a recently published 0.2gorithm verify the effectiveness of the simulator.
Preparation and Structure of High Molecular Weight Polybutenes (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Structure of High Molecular Weight PolybutenesR. M. Thomas, W. J. Sparks, Per K. Frolich, M. Otto, and M. Mueller-CunradiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 2, 276–280Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1940https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01859a010Request reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (407 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on Lignin and Related Compounds. LXVII. Isolation and Identification of 1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propanone and 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone from Maple Wood Ethanolysis Products. Metabolic Changes in Lower and Higher Plants (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Lignin and Related Compounds. LXVII. Isolation and Identification of 1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propanone and 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone from Maple Wood Ethanolysis Products. Metabolic Changes in Lower and Higher PlantsMarshall Kulka and Harold HibbertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 6, 1180–1185Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01246a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01246a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generation and Characterization of an Anti-ldiotypic Antibody Specific for Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (1993)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an inducible ligand for the LFA-1/MAC-1 family of leukocyte adhesion molecules. The results reported herein show that a mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody, CA3, specific for R6.5 anti-ICAM-1 mAb, shares conformational homology with the original epitope bound by R6.5. The CA3 bound specifically to R6.5 F(ab) fragments and blocked the binding of R6.5 to its ICAM-1 epitope; no CA3 binding was detected to a second anti-ICAM-1 mAb F(ab) fragment nor to control mouse IgG F(ab) fragments. Similarly, the interaction of CA3 with R6.5 was inhibited by sICAM-1. However, CA3 was ineffective in inhibiting CD18-dependent cell aggregation. A rabbit anti-CA3 response (Ab3) further indicated that CA3 is of the Ab2 beta type. Significant binding of anti-CA3 to sICAM-1 was demonstrated and anti-CA3 competed with R6.5 for binding to sICAM-1. Anti-CA3 bound to both soluble and cell-surface-associated ICAM-1. However, unlike R6.5, significant binding both to reduced sICAM-1 and to native sICAM-1 was exhibited by anti-CA3, whereas the binding of R6.5 to reduced sICAM-1 was undetectable.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Network Ultramicroelectrodes (2008)

Ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) fabricated from networks of chemical vapor deposited single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on insulating silicon oxide surfaces are shown to offer superior qualities over solid UMEs of the same size and dimensions. Disk shaped UMEs, comprising two-dimensional "metallic" networks of SWNTs, have been fabricated lithographically, with a surface coverage of <1% of the underlying insulating surface. The electrodes are long lasting and give highly reproducible responses (either for repeat runs with the same electrode or when comparing several electrodes with the same size). For redox concentrations <or=1 mM the steady-state behavior of SWNT network UMEs is as expected for conventional solid metal UMEs (e.g., Pt, Au), due to diffusional overlap between neighboring SWNTs. Importantly, the low intrinsic capacitance of the SWNTs and much reduced surface area lead to much faster response times and lower background currents. The well-defined geometry of the SWNT network electrode is also useful for studying electron transfer (ET) kinetics at SWNTs. Given the intrinsically high mass transport rates to SWNTs within a network electrode, the reversible nature of the CVs recorded for Ru(NH 3) 6 (3+/) (2+) and FcTMA (+/) (2+) suggests that ET driven solely by defects on the sidewalls of the SWNTs is highly unlikely.
A novel assay of biofilm antifungal activity reveals that amphotericin B and caspofungin lyse<i>Candida albicans</i>cells in biofilms (2011)

The ability of Candida albicans to form drug-resistant biofilms is an important factor in its contribution to human disease. Assays to identify and characterize molecules with activity against fungal biofilms are crucial for the development of drugs with improved anti-biofilm activity. Here we report the application of an adenylate kinase (AK)-based cytotoxicity assay of fungal cell lysis to the characterization of agents active against C. albicans biofilms. We have developed three protocols for the AK assay. The first measures AK activity in the supernatants of biofilms treated with antifungal drugs and can be performed in parallel with a standard 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide-based biofilm susceptibility assay; a second, more sensitive protocol measures the AK activity present within the biofilm matrix; and a third procedure allows the direct visualization of lytic activity toward biofilms formed on catheter material. Amphotericin B and caspofungin, the two most effective anti-biofilm drugs currently used to treat fungal infections, both directly lyse planktonic C. albicans cells in vitro, leading to the release of AK into the culture medium. These studies serve to validate the AK-based lysis assay as a useful addition to the methods for the characterization of antifungal agents active toward biofilms and provide insights into the mode of action of amphotericin B and caspofungin against C. albicans biofilms.
Kinetics of the Reaction of Nitrous Acid with Model Compounds and Proteins, and the Conformational State of N-terminal Groups in the Chymotrypsin Family (1972)

The kinetics of the reaction of nitrous acid at 4° and pH 4.0 with various amino acids, peptides, and proteins were studied. The reaction with isoleucine methyl ester was found to have a linear dependence on the square of the HONO concentration showing that N 2 O 3 was the reactive species. Third order nitrosation rate constants of primary amino groups showed a correlation with their pK values. They were calculated for the concentration of the unprotonated species to give intrinsic reactivities. The rate of nitrosation of acetyltryptophan to give N-nitrosoacetyltryptophan was found to be a linear function of the nitrous acid concentration. This nitrosation therefore follows a different mechanism. The reaction of nitrous acid with tyrosine residues was examined by spectrophotometry. The reaction was negligible compared to that of other groups. Acetylhistidine and imidazole did not react. Reactivities for α-amino groups, ε-amino groups, and other residues in proteins were compared. The conformational state of the N-terminal residues in serine proteinases, as revealed from their reactivities, is discussed in detail. It is concluded that nitrous acid reacts preferentially with "surface" residues and is a useful tool for exploring conformational states of reactive groups in proteins, especially α-amino groups and indole rings.
Pitfalls in Detecting Vestibular Decruitment with Air Calorics (1979)

Vestibular decruitment is a pathological finding which indicates retrolabyrinthine disease. In the overwhelming majority of cases, it is consistent with posterior fossa pathology. Weak and strong caloric stimulations must be applied with precision for detecting decruitment. Air-caloric stimulation has inherent limitation in regards to reproducing the strength of the stimulus. Thus, it is inadequate for decruitment detection. It is, therefore, advisable to use water-caloric testing to assess vestibular decruitment or recruitment as one of the most revealing diagnostic clues in our neurotologic armamentarium.
Interactive analysis of event data using space-time cube (2004)

In exploratory data analysis, the choice of tools depends on the data to be analyzed and the analysis tasks, i.e. the questions to be answered. The same applies to design of new analysis tools. In this paper, we consider a particular type of data: data that describe transient events having spatial and temporal references, such as earthquakes, traffic incidents, or observations of rare plants or animals. We focus on the task of detecting spatio-temporal patterns in event occurrences. We demonstrate the insufficiency of the existing techniques and approaches to event exploration and substantiate the need in a new exploratory tool. The technique of space-time cube, which has been earlier proposed for the visualization of movement in geographical space, possesses the required properties. However, it must be implemented so as to allow particular interactive manipulations: changing the viewing perspective, temporal focusing, and dynamic linking with a map display through simultaneous highlighting of corresponding symbols. We describe our implementation of the space-time cube technique and demonstrate by an example how it can be used for detecting spatio-temporal clusters of events.