gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Approach to Drilling Dynamics Planning, Identification, and Control (1994)

ABSTRACT An integrated approach for eliminating or preventing severe drilling dynamics dysfunctions is presented. The method involves drilling dynamic analysis and planning, real-time monitoring, and interpretation and control of tricone bit bouncing, bottomhole assembly (BHA) buckling and lateral vibrations, and stick-slip torsional oscillations, although it is expected that this list will expand as the understanding of drilling dynamics phenomena increases. Several field examples, each resulting in improved drilling performance, illustrate the method. It is recommended that the service industry adopt an integrated approach towards drilling vibration control.
Accelerated Course of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection after Tuberculosis (1995)

To determine the effect of active tuberculosis on survival and the incidence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients, we performed a retrospective cohort study at four U.S. medical centers to compare the survival and incidence rate of opportunistic infections in 106 HIV-infected patients with active tuberculosis (cases) with that of 106 HIV-infected patients without tuberculosis (control subjects) but with a similar level of immunosuppression (measured by the absolute CD4+ lymphocyte count) as the cases. Cases and control subjects were similar with regard to age, sex, race, previous opportunistic infection, and use of antiretroviral therapy, but they were more likely than control subjects to have a history of intravenous drug use (49 versus 19%). The mean CD4+ counts were similar for cases and control subjects (154 versus 153 cells/microliters, respectively). The incidence rate of new AIDS-defining opportunistic infections in cases was 4.0 infections per 100 person-months compared with 2.8 infections per 100 person-months in control subjects for an incidence rate ratio (RR) of 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.94-2.11). Cases also had a shorter overall survival than did controls subjects (p = 0.001). Active tuberculosis was associated with an increased risk for death (odds ratio = 2.17), even when controlling for age, intravenous drug use, previous opportunistic infection, baseline CD4+ count, and antiretroviral therapy. Although active tuberculosis may be an independent marker of advanced immunosuppression in HIV-infected patients, it may also act as a cofactor to accelerate the clinical course of HIV infection.
MMSE-Prewhitened-MLD Equalizer for MIMO DFT-Precoded-OFDMA (2012)

A low-complexity equalizer which uses a combination of space-frequency minimum-mean-square-error-estimation (MMSE) filter and a pre-whitened maximum likelihood detector (MLD) is proposed for discrete Fourier transform precoded orthogonal frequency division multiple accesses (DFT-precoded-OFDMA) systems employing multi-stream spatial multiplexing (SM). We show that this receiver behaves like an optimum MLD in channels with low frequency selectivity (flat fading) and the performance converges to that of MMSE in channels with high frequency selectivity. Further, we analytically characterize the performance of the zero-forcing (ZF) linear equalizer (LE) in an i.i.d. channel with infinite amount of frequency selectivity for the case when the number of receiver antennas N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> is greater than the number of transmitter antennas/streams N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> . The ZF-LE is shown to provide a per-stream post-processing signal-to-noiseratio (SNR) of N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> -N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> for N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> >; N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> . Additionally, simulation is used to compare the bit error rate (BER) performance of ZF and MMSE based receivers.
Comparison of Olefin Polymerization Processes with Metallocene Catalysts (2005)

Abstract Summary: Solution and gas phase processes of the polymerization of ethene are compared using new types of pentalenyl bridged ansa ‐metallocenes such as [Me 3 Pen(Flu)]ZrCl 2 . As of the bridge, the catalyst system is remarkable thermostable up to 105 °C and a deactivation of the metallocene on the silica support can be suppressed. Compared to the non‐supported catalyst in a solution process, the application of the heterogenized system in a gas phase process leads to a decrease in activities while molar masses of the polyethenes are similar. Due to a higher degree of short chain branches of 20–30 per 1 000 carbon atoms instead of 10–17, the melting temperatures are 10 °C lower than those for polymers obtained in the solution process. Basic structure of the here used pentalenyl bridged ansa ‐metallocenes. magnified image Basic structure of the here used pentalenyl bridged ansa ‐metallocenes.
Human skin collagenase: isolation of precursor and active forms from both fibroblast and organ cultures (1977)

Human skin procollagenase has been isolated, in pure form, from the medium of fibroblasts cultured in the presence or absence of added serum. Purification was achieved using a combination of cation-exchange (phosphocellulose or carboxymethylcellulose) and gel-filtration chromatography. Two forms (60 000 and 55 000 daltons) of the procollagenase were detected by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gels and could be separated by chromatography on Ultrogel AcA-44. Each form was converted to active enzyme by trypsin, producing species of 50 000 and 45 000 daltons, respectively. An autoactivation process also occurred, which yielded active enzyme without a detectable change in molecular weight. Procollagenase also was found in organ cultures of human skin but only when serum was added to the medium. This suggests that a serum-inhibitable proteolytic system is present in these cultures which, like trypsin, converts procollagenase to the active enzyme forms that can be isolated from serum-free organ culture medium. The collagenase species obtained from either fibroblast or organ culture medium were chromatographically and electrophoretically identical.
WWP2 is required for normal cell cycle progression (2015)

WWP2 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase belonging to the Nedd4-like family. Given that WWP2 target proteins including PTEN that are crucial for regulating cell proliferation or suppressing tumorigenesis, we have asked whether WWP2 plays a role in controlling cell cycle progression. Here we report that WWP2 is necessary for normal cell cycle progression as its silencing significantly reduces the cell proliferation rate. We have identified that an isoform of WWP2 (WWP2-V4) is highly expressed in the M phase of the cell cycle. Silencing of WWP2 accelerates the turnover of cyclin E, which is accompanied by increased levels of phospho-histone H3 (p-H3) and cyclin B. Moreover, silencing of WWP2 results in compromised phosphorylation of Akt(S473), a residue whose phosphorylation is tightly associated with the activation of the kinase. Combined, these results strongly suggest that WWP2 is an important component in regulating the Akt signaling cascade, as well as cell cycle progression.
Human transformed trophoblast-derived cells lacking CD4 receptor exhibit restricted permissiveness for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1991)

We investigated the nature of interaction of the malignantly transformed cell lines of trophoblast origin BeWo, JAR, and JEG-3 with three different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates (RF, 3B, and NDK). After inoculation with cell-free virus, the persistence of infection was determined for 1 month by monitoring the presence of viral DNA in the cells by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, the infectious virus in the culture supernatant was assayed with CEM-SS cells, and attempts to rescue the virus by cocultivation with CEM-SS cells were made. Appraised on the basis of the relative amount of viral DNA and the frequency of positive cocultivation. JEG-3 was the most permissive and BeWo was the least permissive cell line. However, when the cells were transfected with two biologically active molecular clones of HIV-1, the BRU and NDK isolates, all three cell lines turned out to support the production of mature virus progeny to the same extent. The abundance of viral DNA sequences in the infected cells varied with the isolate, showing an overall decline from RF to NDK. The amount of viral DNA in the cells and its expression decreased during the period of observation; this decrease was mirrored in an erosion of the virus recovery rate at cocultivation from 71% recovery on day 8 to failure of isolation on day 32. None of the cell lines expressed detectable amounts of cell surface CD4 molecules when assayed by flow microfluorometry and direct radioimmunoassay. Northern (RNA) blot hybridization analysis of both the total RNA and the mRNA did not reveal any CD4-specific message: nonetheless, by using the PCR, sequences specifically related to the CD4 gene were uncovered. The data demonstrate that the trophoblast-derived cell lines are susceptible to infection with HIV and that they support transient viral replication in the initial phases of infection. However, the latent form of infection may persist over a period of several weeks.
Surface-imaging of frozen blue phases in a discotic liquid crystal with atomic force microscopy (1997)

Discotic cholesteric phases with extremely small pitches were obtained with cellobiose derivatives as chiral dopants. These binary mixtures tend to form up to three distinct blue phases. An interesting property of these mixtures is that the blue phases can be supercooled to a glass-like state. Microscopic studies, reflection spectra, and Kossel diagrams all indicate that the three discotic blue phases BPDI, BPDII and BPDIII are analogous to the well-known calamitic modifications. In addition to the optical studies, we investigated the free surfaces of the frozen blue phases using atomic force microscopy.
Fixed and Flapping Wing Aerodynamics for Micro Air Vehicle Applications (2001)

Recently, there has been a serious effort to design aircraft that are as small as possible for special, limited-duration missions. These vehicles may carry visual, acoustic, chemical, or biological sensors for such missions as traffic management, hostage situation surveillance, rescue operations, etc. The goal is to develop aircraft systems that weigh less than 90 grams, with a 15-centimetre wingspan. Since it is not possible to meet all of the design requirements of a micro air vehicle with current technology, research is proceeding. This new book reports on the latest research in the area of aerodynamic efficiency of various fixed-wing, flapping wing, and rotary wing concepts. It presents the progress made by over 50 active researchers in the field from Canada, Europe, Japan, and the United States. It is the only book of its kind.
Computational Generation of Lignin Libraries from Diverse Biomass Sources (2017)

The economic viability of the biofuel industry has been plagued in part by the incomplete valorization of lignin, which is currently being burned for process heat. One of the roadblocks to effectively converting lignin into usable fuels and chemicals is that the structure of lignin has yet to be entirely understood owing to its polydispersity, complexity, and hyper-branched topology. Libraries of structural representations of lignin accounting for these facets have recently been proposed for wheatstraw, an herbaceous biomass, based on a stochastic generation method that creates lignin molecules that collectively conform to properties measured experimentally. We have extended this stochastic method to accommodate more complexity and any type of biomass, i.e., softwood, hardwood, or herbaceous. The unique mechanistic details for several of the new lignin bond types are essential in deciding rules for bond formation in the algorithm. Further, we present two successful methods of decreasing the degrees of freedom during optimization of crucial parameters. Apart from generating libraries of lignin structures, the added complexity allows for the exploration of “lignin space”, which we coin here to represent all possible structures of lignin given the experimental characteristics of monomer distribution, bond distribution, molecular weight distribution, and branching coefficient. Using our overall approach, lignin libraries for any biomass source with reliable and consistent experimental data can be generated for future kinetic modeling studies or molecular simulations, and guidance can be provided to experimentalists to design and characterize lignin.
Bio-NCs – the marriage of ultrasmall metal nanoclusters with biomolecules (2014)

Ultrasmall metal nanoclusters (NCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their fascinating physicochemical properties. Today, functional metal NCs are finding growing acceptance in biomedical applications. To achieve a better performance in biomedical applications, metal NCs can be interfaced with biomolecules, such as proteins, peptides, and DNA, to form a new class of biomolecule-NC composites (or bio-NCs in short), which typically show synergistic or novel physicochemical and physiological properties. This feature article focuses on the recent studies emerging at the interface of metal NCs and biomolecules, where the interactions could impart unique physicochemical properties to the metal NCs, as well as mutually regulate biological functions of the bio-NCs. In this article, we first provide a broad overview of key concepts and developments in the novel biomolecule-directed synthesis of metal NCs. A special focus is placed on the key roles of biomolecules in metal NC synthesis. In the second part, we describe how the encapsulated metal NCs affect the structure and function of biomolecules. Followed by that, we discuss several unique synergistic effects observed in the bio-NCs, and illustrate them with examples highlighting their potential biomedical applications. Continued interdisciplinary efforts are required to build up in-depth knowledge about the interfacial chemistry and biology of bio-NCs, which could further pave their ways toward biomedical applications.
Influence Diffusion Model in Text-Based Communication (2002)

Business people, especially marketing researchers, are keen to understand peoples' potential sense of value to create fascinating topics stimulating peoples' interest. In this paper, we aim at finding influential people, comments, and terms contributing the discovery of such topics. For this purpose, we propose an Influence Diffusion Model in text-based communication, where the influence of people, comments, and terms are defined as the degree of text-based relevance of messages. We apply this model to Bulletin Board Service(BBS) on the Internet, and present our discoveries on experimental evaluations.
Cervical spine injuries: To x-ray or not to x-ray (1994)

ROSENBERG, NORMAN M. DO; SCHWEICH, PAULA J. MD; JOFFEE, MARK MD; VINCI, ROBERT J. MD Author Information
Basic Stereo Microphone Perspectives-A Review (1984)

Revue des methodes utilisees pour creer les illusions de stereoscopie avec des configurations communes utilisant 2, 3 et 4 microphones
Reaping the benefits of electronic medical record systems. (1993)

An electronic medical record system can provide benefits beyond the obvious functions of efficient and less labor-intensive scanning, archiving, retrieving, and printing of patient care information. The less tangible benefit of providing record access to several users simultaneously is difficult to quantify, but can enhance operations and improve the quality of patient care throughout a healthcare facility.
Nonstationary filtering of transmission tomograms in high photon counting noise (1991)

The algorithm presented here for nonstationary constrained least-squares filtering deals with the transmission photon counting noise problem in the presence of limited dosages and highly nonhomogeneous fields. This technique consists of a design for a set of nonstationary filters, tuned to local noise autocorrelation functions in the reconstructed image. Estimates of noise properties can be taken from object detection information. The approach yields improvement in the tradeoff between noise levels and resolution of the image by exchanging artifacts for less colored noise, which is more easily overcome by the viewer.
51.2: Large Angle Image Steering Using a Liquid Crystal Device (2014)

Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate a camera combined with a large angle non‐mechanical image steering device based on a Pancharatum phase grating. The image steering device can change the view direction of a camera to ±30° and ±10° and it is made by reactive mesogen polarization gratings (RMPGs) and liquid crystal polarization rotators (LCPRs). The image quality using this device is only slightly degraded at large angles.
Inhibitors of Peptidases: How They Influence the Biological Activities of Substance P, Neurokinins, Bradykinin and Angiotensin in Guinea Pig, Hamster and Rat Urinary Bladders (1990)

Neurokinins, bradykinin and angiotensins were tested in isolated urinary bladder of the guinea pig, the hamster and the rat, in the absence and in presence of a variety of peptidase inhibitors in order to establish if peptide degradation interferes with the bladder contractions elicited by the three types of peptides. Indeed, the effects of neurokinins, bradykinin and angiotensin I in the guinea pig bladder were significantly enhanced by captopril (4.6 x 10(-6) mol/l), chymostatin (1 mg/l), phosphoramidon (4.6 x 10(-6) mol/l) and thiorphan (1.0 x 10(-6) mol/l), while only captopril was found to potentiate the effects of the same peptides in the rat bladder. The four peptidase inhibitors, as well as bacitracin were found to modify the responses of the hamster urinary bladder to one or another or to all three groups of peptides and to DiMeC7. The present results suggest that the urinary bladders of various species have different types of active proteolytic enzymes: only the angiotensin-converting enzyme appears to be present in the rat bladder, while the same enzyme and possibly two additional endopeptidases interfere with the myotropic effects of neurokinins, kinins and angiotensins in the guinea pig and the hamster bladder.
Hidden surface removal for axis-parallel polyhedra (2002)

An efficient, output-sensitive method for computing the visibility map of a set of axis-parallel polyhedra (i.e. polyhedra with their faces and edges parallel to the coordinate axes) as seen from a given viewpoint is introduced. For nonintersecting polyhedra with n edges in total, the algorithm runs in time O((n+k)log n), where k is the complexity of the visibility map. The method can handle cyclic overlap of the polyhedra and perspective views without any problem. For c-oriented polyhedra (with faces and edges in c orientations, for some constant c) the method can be extended to run in the same time bound. The method can be extended even further to deal with intersecting polyhedra with only a slight increase in the time bound.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interventional Techniques in The Management of ChronicSpinal Pain: Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines (2005)

These guidelines included the evaluation of evidence for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in managing chronic spinal pain and recommendations for managing spinal pain. However, these guidelines do not constitute inflexible treatment recommendations. These guidelines do not represent "a standard of care".
Sweat composition in exercise and in heat (1982)

Sweat samples were collected from the forearms of eight male volunteers using light gauze pads applied for 20-min periods. Preliminary trials indicated that this technique yielded realistic figures for both sweat volume and sweat composition. Tests were conducted under three conditions: a) outdoor exercise, cool environment; b) indoor exercise, normal room temperatures; and c) sauna exposure. In all environments, proximal forearm samples indicated a larger sweat secretion than distal forearm or hand samples. [Mg2+] decreased as sweat flow increased, but after allowance for interindividual differences of sweat volume, [Na+], [K+], [Ca2+], and [Cl-] were independent of sweat flow rates. The differential effect of sweat flow suggests active regulation rather than contamination. Interindividual differences of sweat composition could not be explained in terms of differences in personal fitness. Sauna bathing yielded sweat with a higher [Mg2+] and [Ca2+] content than did exercise; however, [Na+], [K+], and [Cl-] were similar for the three experimental conditions. Again, the data are best explained in terms of an active regulation of sweat composition. Total ionic losses do not seem sufficient to deplete body mineral reserves unless many days of training are undertaken in a hot climate.
Investigation of a Novel Chemical for Bullhead Water Shutoff Treatments (2005)

Abstract Traditionally bullhead water control consists of the placement of water-soluble chemicals without mechanically isolating oil layers. In order to be successful, bullhead treatments should block water-bearing layers without affecting the permeability of the oil-bearing layers too much. This paper reports an experimental investigation of an innovative water shutoff chemical deemed suitable to accomplish this task. The chemical is soluble in oil without any reaction, and is transferred into and reacts with water to form a stable gel. Core flow experiments consisting mostly of the injection of either oil or water in cores containing the chemical dissolved in oil were performed to investigate the ability of the gel to reduce water permeability while maintaining oil permeability. To ensure that the results are relevant for designing field applications, the experiments were performed under conditions encountered in various sandstone reservoirs in the North Sea, Croatia and other regions. Permeabilities and temperature ranging from 100 to 300 mD and 70-900C were therefore considered in this study. The influence of the other physical parameters, such as viscosity, concentration of active chemical in oil chemical, injection rate, etc., was also investigated.
Photoacoustic imaging of blood vessels with a double-ring sensor featuring a narrow angular aperture (2004)

A photoacoustic double-ring sensor, featuring a narrow angular aperture, is developed for laser-induced photoacoustic imaging of blood vessels. An integrated optical fiber enables reflection-mode detection of ultrasonic waves. By using the cross-correlation between the signals detected by the two rings, the angular aperture of the sensor is reduced by a factor of 1.9, from 1.5 to 0.8 deg. Consequently, photoacoustic images could be obtained in a manner analogous to the ultrasound B-scan mode. Next, the cross section of artificial blood vessels is visualized by reconstruction of the absorbed energy distribution. Finally, in vivo imaging and the subsequent reconstruction of the absorbed energy distribution is demonstrated for superficial blood vessels in the human wrist.