gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust vector quantization by competitive learning (2002)

Competitive neural networks can be used to efficiently quantize image and video data. We discuss a novel class of vector quantizers which perform noise robust data compression. The vector quantizers are trained to simultaneously compensate channel noise and code vector elimination noise. The training algorithm to estimate code vectors is derived by the maximum entropy principle in the spirit of deterministic annealing. We demonstrate the performance of noise robust codebooks with compression results for a teleconferencing system on the basis of a wavelet image representation.
Surface Modification of Polystyrene Using Polyaniline Nanostructures for Biomolecule Adhesion in Radioimmunoassays (2006)

The selection of an appropriate surface as a solid phase for coupling antibodies is a critical step in the development of solid-phase immunoassays. Availability of a new method of preactivating the surface of polystyrene tubes with a layer of another polymer for enhanced immobilization of antibodies seems to be promising. In this paper, we report the activation of a polystyrene surface using a layer of polyaniline and its effect on immobilizing antibodies for use as a solid phase in a T3 immunoassay. The modified surface on the polystyrene was characterized by optical absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The modified tubes were coated with antibody and evaluated for their performance in the assay and validated for radioimmunoassay of T3. AFM images of the modified surface showed an enhancement in the surface roughness (Ra of 20.2 nm), as compared to an unmodified surface (Ra of 6 nm), allowing more adsorption of antibodies to the surface. XPS revealed the presence of N (binding energy approximately 400 eV) on the modified surface, which could help the antibody molecules to bind to these preactivated (modified) tubes. The modified tubes, when coated with antibody, not only showed an increase in the binding with the radioiodinated tracer but also improved the precision of coating the antibody. The present method of activating polystyrene surfaces is simple, does not involve severe chemical treatment, and may have wide applicability to functionalize other supports for immobilizing biomolecules.
Toward a Morphodynamic Model of the Cell (2015)

From a systems biology perspective, the cell is the principal
element of information integration. Therefore, understanding
the cell in its spatio-temporal context is the key to
unraveling many of the still unknown mechanisms of life and
disease. The purpose of this manuscript is to review
image-processing aspects relevant to the quantification of cell
morphology and dynamics. We cover both acquisition (hardware)
and analysis (software) related issues, in a multi-scale
fashion, from the detection of cellular components to the
description of the entire cell in relation to its extracellular
environment. Then, we describe ongoing efforts to integrate all
this vast and diverse information along with data about the
biomechanics of the cell, to create a credible model of cell
morphology and behavior.
Role of Pulse Oximetry in Examining Newborns for Congenital Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement from the AHA and AAP (2009)

Currently, CCHD is not detected in some newborns until after their hospital discharge, which results in significant morbidity and occasional mortality. Furthermore, routine pulse oximetry performed on asymptomatic newborns after 24 hours of life, but before hospital discharge, may detect CCHD. Routine pulse oximetry performed after 24 hours in hospitals that have on-site pediatric cardiovascular services incurs very low cost and risk of harm. Future studies in larger populations and across a broad range of newborn delivery systems are needed to determine whether this practice should become standard of care in the routine assessment of the neonate.
An Average Current Modulation Method for Single-Stage LED Drivers With High Power Factor and Zero Low-Frequency Current Ripple (2015)

Conventional single-stage light-emitting diode (LED) drivers with a high power factor (PF) contain a significant LED current ripple at twice the ac line frequency, and would require large energy storage capacitors to limit the effect on LED light. Conventional designs and novel control techniques aim to power LED loads with a dc voltage to ensure a limited low-frequency LED current ripple. This paper proposes an average current modulation method that is designed to operate in conjunction with single-stage PF correction (PFC) circuits that contain significant ac voltage ripple, while maintaining zero low-frequency current ripple. This allows the energy storage capacitance of the PFC stage to be reduced, avoiding the need for electrolytic-type capacitors and prolonging the life of the LED driver. The average current modulation circuit requires a single low-voltage MOSFET, a current sense resistor, and a simple control circuit. By requiring no additional magnetic components, the cost of the current modulation circuit is very low and has minimal impact on the efficiency of the overall LED driver. Two experimental prototypes, an 8.75-W system with a buck-boost PFC converter and a 25-W system with a flyback PFC converter, have been built to verify the capability and excellent performance of the proposed driving technique.
Piscirickettsiosis and <i><scp>P</scp>iscirickettsia salmonis</i> in fish: a review (2013)

The bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis is the aetiological agent of piscirickettsiosis a severe disease that has caused major economic losses in the aquaculture industry since its appearance in 1989. Recent reports of P. salmonis or P. salmonis-like organisms in new fish hosts and geographical regions have increased interest in the bacterium. Because this gram-negative bacterium is still poorly understood, many relevant aspects of its life cycle, virulence and pathogenesis must be investigated before prophylactic procedures can be properly designed. The development of effective control strategies for the disease has been limited due to a lack of knowledge about the biology, intracellular growth, transmission and virulence of the organism. Piscirickettsiosis has been difficult to control; the failure of antibiotic treatment is common, and currently used vaccines show variable long-term efficacy. This review summarizes the biology and characteristics of the bacterium, including its virulence; the infective strategy of P. salmonis for survival and evasion of the host immune response; the host immune response to invasion by this pathogen; and newly described features of the pathology, pathogenesis, epidemiology and transmission. Current approaches to the prevention of and treatment for piscirickettsiosis are discussed.
CIE Colorimetry (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction CIE standard colorimetric observers CIE illuminants and sources Standards and recommendations for measuring reflecting/transmitting materials Uniform chromaticity diagram and uniform color spaces Descriptors of chromaticity Metamerism Summary Appendix A Appendix B References
Antifouling Compounds from the Sub-Arctic Ascidian <i>Synoicum pulmonaria</i>: Synoxazolidinones A and C, Pulmonarins A and B, and Synthetic Analogues (2014)

The current study describes the antifouling properties of four members belonging to the recently discovered synoxazolidinone and pulmonarin families, isolated from the sub-Arctic sessile ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria collected off the Norwegian coast. Four simplified synthetic analogues were also prepared and included in the study. Several of the studied compounds displayed MIC values in the micro-nanomolar range against 16 relevant marine species involved in both the micro- and macrofouling process. Settlement studies on Balanus improvisus cyprids indicated a deterrent effect and a low toxicity for selected compounds. The two synoxazolidinones displayed broad activity and are shown to be among the most active natural antifouling bromotyrosine derivatives described. Synoxazolidinone C displayed selected antifouling properties comparable to the commercial antifouling product Sea-Nine-211. The pulmonarins prevented the growth of several bacterial strains at nanomolar concentrations but displayed a lower activity toward microalgae and no effect on barnacles. The linear and cyclic synthetic peptidic mimics also displayed potent antifouling activities mainly directed against bacterial adhesion and growth.
Proteome analysis to assess physiological changes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> grown under glucose‐limited fed‐batch conditions (2005)

Proteome analysis was used to compare global protein expression changes in Escherichia coli fermentation between exponential and glucose-limited fed-batch phase. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were used to separate and identify 49 proteins showing >2-fold difference in expression. Proteins upregulated during exponential phase include ribonucleotide biosynthesis enzymes and ribosomal recycling factor. Proteins upregulated during fed-batch phase include those involved in high-affinity glucose uptake, transport and degradation of alternate carbon sources and TCA cycle, suggesting an enhanced role of the cycle under glucose- and energy-limited conditions. We report the upregulation of several putative proteins (ytfQ, ygiS, ynaF, yggX, yfeX), not identified in any previous study under carbon-limited conditions.
Parallelism in a Main-Memory DBMS: The Performance of PRISMA/DB (1992)

This paper evaluates the performance of the parallel, main-memory DBMS, PRISMA/DB. First, an abstract architecture for parallel query execution is presented. A performance model for the execution of simple relational operations on this architecture is developed. The parameters in the model are set using experiments on PRISMA/DB and the performance of PRISMA/DB is analized in the context of the model. Several conclusions can be drawn from the model combined with the results of the performance experiments. Firstly, the performance of PRISMA/DB appears to be competitive with respect to other systems. Secondly, the developed model can explain the results from the performance experiments to a large extent. Also, it is concluded that observed linear speedup for small numbers of processors cannot always be extrapolated to larger numbers of processors. Finally, it is concluded that the optimal number of processors for the parallel execution of an operation is smaller for a main-memory system t...
Self-Adaptation in Evolving Systems (1998)

A theoretical and experimental analysis is made of the effects of self-adaptation in a simple evolving system. Specifically, we consider the effects of coding the mutation and crossover probabilities of a genetic algorithm evolving in certain model fitness landscapes. The resultant genotype-phenotype mapping is degenerate in fitness space, there being no direct selective advantage for one probability versus another. Thus there is a "symmetry" between various genotypes that all correspond to the same phenotype. We show that the action of mutation and crossover lifts this degeneracy, that is, the genetic operators induce a breaking of the genotype-phenotype symmetry, thus leading to a preference for those genotypes that propagate most successfully into future generations. We demonstrate that this induced symmetry breaking allows the system to self-adapt in a time-dependent environment.
A rabbit reticulocyte ubiquitin carrier protein that supports ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis (E214k) is homologous to the yeast DNA repair gene RAD6. (1992)

The two isoforms of the 14-kDa ubiquitin carrier protein (E2(14k)) are unique among rabbit E2s in efficiently supporting ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3)-mediated ubiquitination of proteins destined for degradation. To begin determining the structural basis for this property, we have isolated a cDNA encoding the predominant reticulocyte isoform of the E2 from a rabbit skeletal muscle library. The sequence predicts a protein of 152 amino acids with a molecular weight of 17,293. Expression of the cDNA in Escherichia coli and purification of the recombinant protein revealed an E2 with high affinity for E3 and ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1). The latter high affinity interaction appears to be between the ubiquitin charged form of E1 and the uncharged form of E2 and does not result in a stable complex between these two enzymes. The predicted sequence shows regions of strong homology with other sequenced E2s, suggesting that these regions may be involved in binding to E1 and/or in ubiquitin transfer from E1, functions common to all E2s. Surprisingly, the E2(14k)) sequence is markedly more similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD6 (69% identity) than to its proposed homologs UBC4/UBC5 (38% identity). The sequence is identical to that recently reported for a human 17-kDa E2 which can complement rad6 mutants thereby identifying rabbit E2(14k) as a RAD6 homologue. The biochemical properties of this previously uncharacterized human 17-kDa E2 are now defined and its misassignment as a homologue of rabbit E2(17k) is corrected. Our findings resolve current confusion regarding relationships among E2s and define yeast RAD6, rabbit E2(14k), and the human 17-kDa E2 as a subclass of E2s which biochemically support E3-mediated conjugation and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis and physiologically play a role in DNA repair.
Development of a two‐wire thermal flow sensor for industrial applications (2003)

Thermal flow sensors with a wide dynamic range are at present not available in spite of the large demand which exists for such sensors in practical fluid flow measurements. In this paper, it is shown that the velocity range of a “time‐of‐flight” thermal flowmeter for slowly changing flows can be increased by using wires (or other heating/sensing elements) with large thermal inertia (time constant) and heating the sending wire with a continuous sinusoidal current, instead of discrete, very short, square‐wave pulses as in the usual pulsed‐wire anemometer. The device described here uses two parallel wires of 12.5μm diameter and its usable speed range is 0.05 to 25m/s. Although the present thermal flowmeter can be applied as a point measurement device, the main applications are in pipe flow, especially at very low flow rates. The high sensitivity at low flow rates makes the device especially suitable for this purpose.
Detection of LED traffic light by image processing for visible light communication system (2009)

We propose a visible light road-to-vehicle communication system at intersection for ITS. In this system, the communication between vehicle and a LED traffic light is approached using LED traffic light as the transmitter, and on-vehicle high-speed camera as the receiver. The LEDs in the transmitter are emitted with 500Hz and the images of those emitting LEDs are captured by a high-speed camera for conducting communication. In this communication, it is extremely necessary to find the transmitter and detect it for consecutive frames while vehicle is moving. In this paper, we introduce proposals for finding and detecting it for consecutive frames by image processing. Experimental results using appropriate images showed the effectiveness of the proposal.
Transfusion medicine faces time of major 'challenges and changes'. (1992)

EVIDENCE exists for hazards of blood transfusions that—while not as widely recognized as the risk of transmitting human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis infections—may, potentially at least, be just as deadly. Some of these suspected risks were discussed at the conference entitled Challenges and Changes in Transfusion Medicine, recently held by the American Association of Blood Banks and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in Bethesda, Md. (Please see accompanying article.) Immunosuppressive Aspect? There is growing evidence that homologous blood transfusions are immunosuppressive, says Paul Waymack, MD, associate professor of surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston. Numerous animal studies have supported clinical observations that homologous blood transfusions may broadly impair the patient's immune system, says Waymack. He adds: transfusions enhance tumor growth in animal studies and are correlated with decreased survival in multiple retrospective human oncology studies. Allogeneic transfusions also impair resistance to bacterial infections in animal models
Unexpected Stability of <i>mariner</i> Transgenes in Drosophila (2002)

A number of mariner transformation vectors based on the mauritiana subfamily of transposable elements were introduced into the genome of Drosophila melanogaster and examined for their ability to be mobilized by the mariner transposase. Simple insertion vectors were constructed from single mariner elements into which exogenous DNA ranging in size from 1.3 to 4.5 kb had been inserted; composite vectors were constructed with partial or complete duplications of mariner flanking the exogenous DNA. All of the simple insertion vectors showed levels of somatic and germline excision that were at least 100-fold lower than the baseline level of uninterrupted mariner elements. Although composite vectors with inverted duplications were unable to be mobilized at detectable frequencies, vectors with large direct duplications of mariner could be mobilized. A vector consisting of two virtually complete elements flanking exogenous DNA yielded a frequency of somatic eye-color mosaicism of approximately 10% and a frequency of germline excision of 0.04%. These values are far smaller than those observed for uninterrupted elements. The results imply that efficient mobilization of mariner in vivo requires the presence and proper spacing of sequences internal to the element as well as the inverted repeats.
Synthesis of prenylated peptides and peptide esters (1997)

Modification of the cysteine sulfur in peptides and proteins to a thioether is a recently described posttranslational event that results in the incorporation of farnesyl and geranylgeranyl moieties. The increased lipophilicity accompanying these modifications often causes localization of the resulting protein to the membrane and may be essential for biological activity. Methods are described to chemically and biochemically synthesize farnesylated and geranylgeranylated peptides and proteins from microgram to gram quantities. Conditions for thioalkylation include acidic, neutral, and basic media. The ability to readily form peptidylthioethers will greatly facilitate studies of biologically important proteins and peptides containing isoprenyl moieties.
Electrode Performance in Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2007)

The performance of several negative (fuel) and positive (air) electrode compositions for use in reversible solid oxide fuel cells capable of operating both as a fuel cell and as an electrolyzer was investigated in half-cell and full-cell tests. Negative electrode compositions studied were a nickel/zirconia cermet and lanthanum-substituted strontium titanate/ceria composite, whereas positive electrode compositions examined included mixed ion- and electron-conducting lanthanum strontium ferrite (LSF), lanthanum strontium copper ferrite , lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite , and lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM). While titanate/ceria and electrodes performed similarly in the fuel cell mode in half-cell tests, losses associated with electrolysis were lower for the titanate/ceria electrode. Positive electrodes gave generally higher losses in the electrolysis mode when compared to the fuel cell mode. This behavior was most apparent for mixed-conducting and electrodes, and discernible but smaller for LSM; observations were consistent with expected trends in the interfacial oxygen vacancy concentration under anodic and cathodic polarization. Full-cell tests conducted for cells with a thin electrolyte ( YSZ) similarly showed higher polarization losses in the electrolysis than fuel cell direction.
Orally Disintegrating Tablets - Friendly to Pediatrics and Geriatrics (2010)

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) have emerged as one of the popular and widely accepted dosage forms, especially for the pediatric and geriatric patients. To obviate the problem of dysphagia and to improve patient compliance, ODTs have gained considerable attention as preferred alternatives to conventional tablet and capsule formulations. Various scientific techniques including freeze drying, moulding, spray drying, sublimation, direct compression, cotton candy process, mass extrusion, melt granulation etc. have been employed for the development of ODTs. These techniques render the disintegration of tablet rapidly and dissolve in mouth without chewing or additional water intake. The current article is focused on ideal characteristics, significant features, patented technologies, formulation aspects including the use of superdisintegrants. Various marketed preparations along with numerous scientific advancements made so far in this avenue have also been discussed.
Aberrant transforming growth factor‐β signaling in azoxymethane‐induced mouse colon tumors (2001)

Alterations in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathway are implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. We hypothesize that alterations in the TGF-beta pathway contribute to differential sensitivity of mice to the colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). A/J (sensitive) and AKR/J (resistant) mice were injected intraperitoneally with AOM (10 mg/kg of body weight once a week for 6 wk). Twenty-four weeks after AOM exposure, mutational analysis of TGF-beta type II receptor (TbetaR-II) from normal colons and from tumors showed no AOM-induced alterations. A significant decrease (1.5-fold, P < 0.05) in TbetaR-II mRNA levels, however, was found in A/J tumors with the RNase protection assay. Immunofluorescence of TbetaR-II showed marked loss of staining in A/J tumors. The RNase protection assay and sequence analysis of the downstream signaling molecule Smad3 revealed no carcinogen-induced alterations in either strain. To gain further insight into the functionality of the pathway, expression of TGF-beta, TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I), and several downstream targets of TGF-beta signaling, including Smad7, c-myc, and p15, was examined. Although no alterations in TGF-beta, TbetaR-I, or Smad7 were found in tumors, a significant increase in c-myc expression (2.5-fold, P < 0.05 ) and a significant decrease in p15 expression (4.5-fold, P < 0.05 ) were noted. Concomitant repression of TbetaR-II and overexpression of c-myc may render epithelial cells insensitive to TGF-beta-mediated growth arrest, a possibility that also is suggested by this model. The significant decrease in p15 expression in tumors provides additional evidence that TGF-beta signaling may be markedly attenuated during colon tumorigenesis.
Technology for detecting wet bars in water-cooled stator windings of turbine generators (2003)

Stator bars of large-capacity direct water-cooled turbine generators may suffer from cooling water leak into the ground wall insulation by galvanic corrosion in clip to strands brazed area. Once the cooling water leaks, the water accelerates insulation deterioration of bars by hydrolysis which is caused by wet and heat. Consequently early detection of the water leak is necessary for safety operation and proper maintenance. While common insulation of stator bars are made of only mica tapes lapped, there are bars with another design in which some conducting layers (internal electrode layers) are inserted in intermediate layer of ground wall insulation at coil end. The internal electrode layers work as a voltage divider so that the electric field at the surface of end portion of bars are suppressed. While a capacitance measurement method is commonly used for detecting wet bars with the former design of bars, the method can not be applied to the latter design of bars. For detecting wet bars of the latter design we have developed a new and sensitive method. After our so many experiences of capacitance method is simply described, the detail of newly developed method for the bars with internal electrodes is described in this paper.