gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleic Acid Arrays (2007)

Abstract After the completion of the genome project, researchers confronted the issue of requirement of multiple‐detection tools for gene analysis in a single experiment. Today, nucleic acid arrays are the fashion in the field of biological research, genomics, and medical science. In this chapter, the technical foundations of nucleic acid array technology as well as recent research and developments are discussed. The integration of semiconductor and nanotechnology in array production technologies are also discussed.
Tapes hold data, too (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Tapes hold data, too: challenges of tuples on tertiary store Authors: Michael J. Carey Computer Science Dept., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Computer Science Dept., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIView Profile , Laura M. Haas IBM Almaden Research Center, K55/801, San Jose, CA IBM Almaden Research Center, K55/801, San Jose, CAView Profile , Miron Livny Computer Science Dept., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Computer Science Dept., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGMOD '93: Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of dataJune 1993Pages 413–417https://doi.org/10.1145/170035.170103Published:01 June 1993Publication History 30citation211DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations30Total Downloads211Last 12 Months55Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Computer simulation of hippocampal place cells (1991)

Hippocampal pyramidal cells show location-specific firing as animais navigate through an environment. It has been suggested that this firing could resuit from the “local view” available in a cell’s field. Hippocampal damage results in learning deficits on a wide variety of tasks. This, along with the fact that an associative form of plasticity has been discovered in the hippocampus has led to the idea that this structure might serve as a distributed, associative-matrix memory device. Here, these ideas are combined in a model in which pyramidal cells are the output layer of a competitive-learning, pattern-classification device. The inputs are patterns of environmental stimuli as viewed by a computerized “rat” from various locations within a simulated environment. These patterns are “classified” on the basis of their similarity. Since views available from contiguous regions of space are similar, single cells come to fire in a circumscribed region (place field). Firing-rate maps for these theoretical units show place fields remarkably similar to those of actual place cells. Also, they show remarkably similar behavior to that of real cells when tested under some of the probe conditions similar to those which have been used for actual cells.
Classification of LTE Uplink Scheduling Techniques: An M2M Perspective (2015)

The Internet of Things (IoT) aims at connecting a very large number of devices using an Internet-like architecture. Machine-to-machine (M2M) networks are considered the main component of the IoT. Long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE-advanced (LTE-A) are excellent candidates for supporting M2M communications due to their native IP connectivity and scalability for massive number of devices. Therefore, LTE schedulers should be capable of satisfying the needs of M2M devices such as timing constraints and specific quality of service (QoS) requirements. In this paper, we present a survey on uplink scheduling techniques over LTE and LTE-A from an M2M perspective. We focus on the aspects associated with M2M communications; namely, power efficiency, QoS support, multihop connectivity, and scalability for massive number of devices.
Separation of Positional Isomeric Dialkylbenzenes (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation of Positional Isomeric DialkylbenzenesB. B. Corson, W. J. Heintzelman, R. C. Odioso, H. E. TieFenthal, and F. J. PavlikCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1956, 48, 7, 1180–1182Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50559a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50559a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Z-Complementary Sets Based on Sequences with Periodic and Aperiodic Zero Correlation Zone (2009)

Methods of constructing Z-complementary sequence sets are described. Different from those constructions using complementary sequences as a kernel, the proposed constructions are based on sequences with periodic and aperiodic zero-correlation zone (PAZCZ). These PAZCZ sequences are unitary sequences, not complementary sequences. By means of interleaving iteration and orthogonal matrix expansion of PAZCZ sequences, desirable bivalued zero cross-correlation zone (ZCCZ) characteristics can be obtained. Compared with Z-complementary sequence sets with single value ZCCZ which is generally equal to the length of an element sequence, the proposed Z-complementary sequence sets with bivalued ZCCZ have larger set size and then can support more users.
Influence of the Relative Humidity on the Performance of Polymer/TiO<sub>2</sub> Photovoltaic Cells (2004)

Abstract Hydrolysis of titanium( IV ) isopropoxide (TTIP) is a well‐known method for the fabrication of TiO 2 . Normally it is made via a sol–gel reaction in the presence of water. In this paper we report on the preparation of flat TiO 2 films for conjugated polymer/TiO 2 photovoltaic cells, from a TTIP/isopropanol solution. It is shown that the morphological structure of the TiO 2 film is strongly dependent on the relative humidity during spin‐coating of the TTIP/isopropanol solution. In bilayer devices consisting of TiO 2 /poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(3′,7′‐dimethyloctyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene] (MDMO‐PPV), a low relative humidity (< 25 %, room temperature) is needed in order to form smooth, transparent TiO 2 films. Increasing the relative humidity results in porous TiO 2 films with a high surface roughness, which leads to shunted devices. Apart from bilayer devices, bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) hybrid TiO 2 :MDMO‐PPV photovoltaic cells have been made, by spin‐coating a mixture of TTIP and MDMO‐PPV in toluene. Again a strong relation was found between the relative humidity during spin‐coating and the current–voltage characteristics of the devices. However, in contrast to the bilayer devices, the best BHJ devices were made at higher relative humidity. The observed performance dependence on relative humidity is discussed in relation to the TiO 2 morphology.
Thapsigargin sensitizes human melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of TRAIL-R2 through the unfolded protein response (2007)

We have previously reported that sensitivity of melanoma cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis is largely correlated with the levels of expression of TRAIL death receptors, in particular, TRAIL-R2 on the cell surface. However, fresh melanoma isolates and melanoma tissue sections express, in general, low levels of death receptors for TRAIL. We show in this study that the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer, thapsigargin (TG), selectively up-regulated TRAIL-R2 and enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells. However, the TRAIL-R2 pathway did not appear to be involved in induction of apoptosis by TG alone. Up-regulation of TRAIL-R2 appeared to be cooperatively mediated by the inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase and endonuclease 1alpha (IRE1alpha)- and activation of transcription factor (ATF)-6-signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP). The latter played a critical role in the initial phase of the increase in TRAIL-R2 as small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of CHOP blocked up-regulation of TRAIL-R2 only at a relatively early stage (16 h) after exposure to TG. In contrast, IRE1alpha and ATF6 appeared to be crucial in maintaining the increased levels of TRAIL-R2 in that siRNA knockdown of IRE1alpha or ATF6 had no effect on the increase in TRAIL-R2 at the initial phase, but blocked TRAIL-R2 up-regulation at a relatively late stage (36 h). Our results indicate that modulation of the UPR may be useful in sensitizing melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of TRAIL-R2.
Kinetics and mechanism of the addition of dimethylarsine to hexafluorobutyne-2 (1969)

The addition of dimethylarsine to hexafluorobutyne-2 follows second order kinetics with activation energy, 6.09 ± 0.20 kcal/mole, and activation entropy, −48 ± 1 e.u. The product distribution of the competitive reaction of dimethylarsenic deuteride and diethylarsine with the acetylene shows that the addition mainly involves an intermolecular proton transfer. The mechanism of the addition is discussed.
Educating nurses in political process: a growing need. (1992)

If we are to advance the profession of nursing, we must educate nurses to become key participants in the formulation of health policy. If we fail to do this, others will make decisions that affect our practice without our input. A growing number of nurses are recognizing the need to increase our power, and we understand that political participation provides a pathway to power. We must continue to increase the number of nurses who are politically astute and active in order to achieve our goal. The most effective way to accomplish this is to educate large numbers of staff nurses for this vital role. This article suggests educational strategies and methods that can be utilized in continuing education programs to begin the political education process.
Microscale Synthesis and 1H NMR Analysis of Tetraphenylporphyrins (1999)

The synthesis of tetraphenylporphyrin, H2[TPP], and para-substituted tetraphenylporphyrins, H2[(p-X)4TPP], where X = CN, CH3, and OCH3, is easily accomplished using microscale glassware. The compounds are synthesized from inexpensive starting reagents.
Selective laccase-mediated oxidation of sugars derivatives (2005)

A laccase from Trametes pubescens and the chemical mediator TEMPO have been used to catalyze the regioselective oxidation of the primary hydroxyl groups of sugar derivatives. The efficiency of this system has been initially tested with mono- and disaccharides (i.e., phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside), and the corresponding glycopyranosiduronates have been isolated and characterized. Subsequently, this chemo-enzymatic approach has been exploited to achieve the partial oxidation of a water soluble cellulose sample.
Chewing sticks versus toothbrushes in West Africa. A pilot study. (1990)

Chewing sticks are used for tooth cleaning by many populations. Despite the fact that they contain antimicrobial substances that could conceivably benefit oral hygiene, there have been few attempts to evaluate properties in vivo. This pilot, cross-sectional study recorded the oral hygiene and gingival health of adult Ghanaens who used chewing sticks, toothbrushes, or a combination of both for tooth cleaning. Plaque and gingivitis scores were higher in the chewing stick users, although these were primarily due to differences in men. Men had poorer oral hygiene and gingival health than women, irrespective of the oral hygiene regimen. The same differences were apparent for city and rural dwellers, with no overall differences observed between these two groups. The longer time that is necessary for cleaning with chewing sticks may explain the apparent reduced cleaning efficiency in men. The antimicrobial substances contained in chewing sticks appear to provide no additional benefits to those produced by the antimicrobial activity of commercially available toothpastes.
5I-4 Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer (pMUT) Arrays for 3D Imaging Probes (2006)

Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (pMUTs) have been fabricated and characterized in this work as a new approach for manufacture of 2D arrays for forward-looking 3D intravascular (IVUS) and intracardiac (ICE) imaging. Two-dimensional pMUT arrays containing 25 elements (5 times 5 arrays) were bulk micromachined in silicon substrates. The devices consisted of suspended PZT thin film membranes formed by deep reactive ion etching. Membrane widths ranged from 50 to 200 mum, with element pitch from 100 to 300 mum. Acoustic transmit properties were measured in de-ionized water with a calibrated hydrophone placed at a range of 20 mm. Measured transmit frequencies for the pMUT elements ranged from 4-11 MHz. Element capacitance for pMUTs ranged from 30 to over 400 pF depending on element size. Smaller element sizes generally produced higher acoustic transmit output than larger elements, and thicker PZT layers also produced higher output per unit electric field applied. Due to flexure mode operation above the PZT coercive voltage, transmit output also increased nonlinearly with increased drive voltage. The pMUT arrays were attached directly to the system amplifiers of the Duke University T5 Phased Array Scanner by a modified cable assembly in order to produce real-time pulse-echo B-mode images with the 2D pMUT arrays
Influence of body posture on leg blood flow. (1973)

The influence of body posture on limb blood flow was studied in normal subjects, in patients with arterial insufficiency of the lower limbs and in hypertensive patients using the 133Xe loca
Bright-White Beetle Scales Optimise Multiple Scattering of Light (2014)

Whiteness arises from diffuse and broadband reflection of light typically achieved through optical scattering in randomly structured media. In contrast to structural colour due to coherent scattering, white appearance generally requires a relatively thick system comprising randomly positioned high refractive-index scattering centres. Here, we show that the exceptionally bright white appearance of Cyphochilus and Lepidiota stigma beetles arises from a remarkably optimised anisotropy of intra-scale chitin networks, which act as a dense scattering media. Using time-resolved measurements, we show that light propagating in the scales of the beetles undergoes pronounced multiple scattering that is associated with the lowest transport mean free path reported to date for low-refractive-index systems. Our light transport investigation unveil high level of optimisation that achieves high-brightness white in a thin low-mass-per-unit-area anisotropic disordered nanostructure.
Stone Fragility—A New Therapeutic Distinction (1988)

The ESWL retreatment rates for calculi of 1.1 to 3.0 cm. varied according to stone composition: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) 10.3%, calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) 2.8%, struvite/apatite calculi 6.4%. Fine detail in-vitro radiographs of approximately equal sized calculi composed of COM, COD, struvite, brushite, uric acid and cystine showed structural differences which may account for differences in their fragility. The same six calculi were fragmented in vitro in the Dornier HM3 lithotriptor by 200 shocks at 18 KV and the percent weight of each calculus able to be filtered through a two mm. sieve was determined; COD and uric acid (100%); COM (64%); struvite (57%); brushite (47%); cystine (16%). The linear density of these calculi, measured by single photon emission absorbtiometry, correlated with radio-density, not fragility. Calculi of varying composition respond differently to shock wave fragmentation. The assessment of the capability of ESWL to fragment a stone will determine the size stone selected for treatment. Therefore, "stone fragility" is a new distinction which deserves to be included in the conversation about urinary calculi.
Power spectrum weighted edge analysis for straight edge detection in images (2007)

Most man-made objects provide characteristic straight line edges and, therefore, edge extraction is a commonly used target detection tool. However, noisy images often yield broken edges that lead to missed detections, and extraneous edges that may contribute to false target detections. We present a sliding-block approach for target detection using weighted power spectral analysis. In general, straight line edges appearing at a given frequency are represented as a peak in the Fourier domain at a radius corresponding to that frequency, and a direction corresponding to the orientation of the edges in the spatial domain. Knowing the edge width and spacing between the edges, a band-pass filter is designed to extract the Fourier peaks corresponding to the target edges and suppress image noise. These peaks are then detected by amplitude thresholding. The frequency band width and the subsequent spatial filter mask size are variable parameters to facilitate detection of target objects of different sizes under known imaging geometries. Many military objects, such as trucks, tanks and missile launchers, produce definite signatures with parallel lines and the algorithm proves to be ideal for detecting such objects. Moreover, shadow-casting objects generally provide sharp edges and are readily detected. The block operation procedure offers advantages of significant reduction in noise influence, improved edge detection, faster processing speed and versatility to detect diverse objects of different sizes in the image. With Scud missile launcher replicas as target objects, the method has been successfully tested on terrain board test images under different backgrounds, illumination and imaging geometries with cameras of differing spatial resolution and bit-depth.
Novel Adaptive Decision Threshold Modulation Technique for UWB Direct Chaotic Communications (2015)

A new non-coherent chaotic modulation technique based on adaptive decision threshold is proposed for the Ultra-WideBand (UWB) Direct Chaotic Communication (DCC) technology. The principal advantages of the proposed technique are: (1) Removing the threshold problem of the classical Chaotic On-Off Keying modulation technique which uses a nonzero decision threshold; (2) Providing a high throughput comparing to the others techniques since it do not uses any delay at the modulation; (3) Reducing the transmitted power, thanks to a transmitted bit energy devised by two. The obtained simulation results show high Bit Error Rate performances of the proposed technique applied in an UWB DCC system. In addition, the new chaotic modulation is more suitable in all DCC-based communications schemes.
Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer (2020)

Transformer-based models are unable to process long sequences due to their self-attention operation, which scales quadratically with the sequence length. To address this limitation, we introduce the Longformer with an attention mechanism that scales linearly with sequence length, making it easy to process documents of thousands of tokens or longer. Longformer's attention mechanism is a drop-in replacement for the standard self-attention and combines a local windowed attention with a task motivated global attention. Following prior work on long-sequence transformers, we evaluate Longformer on character-level language modeling and achieve state-of-the-art results on text8 and enwik8. In contrast to most prior work, we also pretrain Longformer and finetune it on a variety of downstream tasks. Our pretrained Longformer consistently outperforms RoBERTa on long document tasks and sets new state-of-the-art results on WikiHop and TriviaQA. We finally introduce the Longformer-Encoder-Decoder (LED), a Longformer variant for supporting long document generative sequence-to-sequence tasks, and demonstrate its effectiveness on the arXiv summarization dataset.
Electronic Healthcare Record and clinical research in cardiovascular radiology. HL7 CDA and CDISC ODM interoperability. (2007)

Integrating clinical research data entry with patient care data entry is a challenging issue. At the G. Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP), cardiovascular radiology reports are captured twice, first in the Electronic Health Record (EHR) and then in a national clinical research server. Informatics standards are different for EHR (HL7 CDA) and clinical research (CDISC ODM). The objective of this work is to feed both the EHR and a Clinical Research Data Management System (CDMS) from a single multipurpose form. We adopted and compared two approaches. First approach consists in implementing the single "care-research" form within the EHR and aligning XML structures of HL7 CDA document and CDISC ODM message to export relevant data from EHR to CDMS. Second approach consists in displaying a single "care-research" XForms form within the EHR and generating both HL7 CDA document and CDISC message to feed both EHR and CDMS. The solution based on XForms avoids overloading both EHR and CDMS with irrelevant information. Beyond syntactic interoperability, a perspective is to address the issue of semantic interoperability between both domains.
Agent-based route optimization for mobile IP (2002)

The need for mobility support on existing networks led to the formulation of the mobile IP protocol, which can provide seamless connectivity between fixed and mobile nodes. However, the inherent drawbacks of the protocol led to route optimization proposals of which one was accepted by the IETF. While attempting to solve the triangle routing problem, the adopted route optimization places extra constraints on the network nodes. This work is motivated by the need to find an alternative solution that would effectively solve the triangle routing problem without sacrificing performance, transparency, and simplicity. The proposed solution is an agent-based route optimization, which moves the tasks of maintaining and updating binding caches and encapsulating messages away from individual correspondent nodes to the correspondent agents. We setup a simulation environment to evaluate the proposed methodology. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms the existing protocols in terms of system message complexity, protocol simplicity, and scalability.