gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conditional Vector Quantization for Speech Coding (2007)

In many speech-coding-related problems, there is available information and lost information that must be recovered. When there is significant correlation between the available and the lost information source, coding with side information (CSI) can be used to benefit from the mutual information between the two sources. In this paper, we consider CSI as a special VQ problem which will be referred to as conditional vector quantization (CVQ). A fast two-step divide-and-conquer solution is proposed. CVQ is then used in two applications: the recovery of highband (4-8 kHz) spectral envelopes for speech spectrum expansion and the recovery of lost narrowband spectral envelopes for voice over IP. Comparisons with alternative approaches like estimation and simple VQ-based schemes show that CVQ provides significant distortion reductions at very low bit rates. Subjective evaluations indicate that CVQ provides noticeable perceptual improvements over the alternative approaches
A leukotriene C4 synthase inhibitor with the backbone of 5-(5-methylene-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-ylamino) isophthalic acid (2013)

The cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and its metabolites, LTD4 and LTE4, are proinflammatory lipid mediators in asthma and other inflammatory diseases. They are generated through the 5-lipoxygenase/LTC4 synthase (LTC4S) pathway and act via at least two distinct G protein-coupled receptors. The inhibition of human LTC4S will make a simple way to treat the cys-LT relevant inflammatory diseases. Here, we show that compounds having 5-(5-methylene-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-ylamino) isophthalic acid moiety suppress LTC4 synthesis, glutathione conjugation to the precursor LTA4, in both an enzyme assay and a whole-cell assay. Hierarchical in silico screenings of 6 million compounds provided 300,000 dataset for docking, and after energy minimization based on the crystal structure of LTC4S, 111 compounds were selected as candidates for a competitive inhibitor to glutathione. One of those compounds showed significant inhibitory activity, and subsequently, its derivative 5-((Z)-5-((E)-2-methyl-3-phenylallylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-ylamino) isophthalic acid (compound 1) was found to be the most potent inhibitor. The enzyme assay showed the IC50 was 1.9 µM and the corresponding 95% confidence interval was from 1.7 to 2.2 µM. The whole-cell assay showed that compound 1 was cell permeable and inhibited LTC4 synthesis in a concentration dependent manner.
Synthesis of <i>gem</i>-Difluoroalkenes via β-Fluoride Elimination of Organorhodium(I) (2008)

Abstract Treatment of α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes with arylboronic esters and MeMgCl in the presence of a rhodium(I) catalyst affords gem-difluoroalkenes. The reaction proceeds through the addition of arylrhodium(I) species across the electron-deficient carbon–carbon double bond and the subsequent β-fluoride elimination.
Review of German Synthetic Lubricants (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReview of German Synthetic LubricantsWilliam A. HorneCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 12, 2428–2436Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50492a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50492a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ethical aspects of banking placental blood for transplantation (1995)

Transplantation of blood cells harvested from the umbilical cord immediately after birth has been effective in repopulating the bone marrow. These placental blood transplantations may be safer than conventional bone marrow transplantations and may suspend the need to harvest bone marrow, a process fraught with difficulties. Further understanding and advancement of this emerging technology require developing large banks of placental blood. In this article, we examine some of the ethical issues associated with placental blood banking, including (1) questions about ownership of the tissue, (2) the necessity and nature of obtaining informed consent from parents for harvesting placental blood and the information-gathering process associated with it, (3) obligations to notify parents and children of the results of medical testing for infectious diseases and genetic information, (4) matters of privacy and confidentiality related to such information, and (5) the need for fair and equitable harvesting of and access to placental blood. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1783-1785)
Surgical Risk Factors, Morbidity, and Mortality in Elderly Patients (2006)

Although several risk factors for postoperative morbidity and mortality increase with age, increasing age itself remains an important risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Valoración subjetiva de la calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer de mama metastásico durante el tratamiento con quimioterapia (1995)

Patients with Metastatic breast cancer are incurable as far as the actually available therapy goes. Because of this, the oncological therapies (Surgery, radiotherapy, Chemotherapy ... ) have an over all palliative objective. These treatments have physical psychological and social repercussions on the patients state of mind. This means that research 5 directed towards quality of life, which has become a basic area of study for the oncological patients. In this field we try to value how three different chemotherapy treatments are perceived by patients according to the required quality of life. The results of the multiple variance analysis do not show any significant differences between the kind of the administered chemotherapy and rated value by each -patient, according to their quality of life. However on a descriptive level one of the chemotherapy outlines has a higher rate of value by these patients
Acute myocardial infarction associated with ST segment elevation and the new European Society of Cardiology guidelines (2009)

\n Contains fulltext :\n 79519.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)\n
Large-scale Multi-class and Hierarchical Product Categorization for an E-commerce Giant. (2016)

In order to organize the large number of products listed in e-commerce sites, each product is usually assigned to one of the multi-level categories in the taxonomy tree. It is a time-consuming and difficult task for merchants to select proper categories within thousands of options for the products they sell. In this work, we propose an automatic classification tool to predict the matching category for a given product title and description. We used a combination of two different neural models, i.e., deep belief nets and deep autoencoders, for both titles and descriptions. We implemented a selective reconstruction approach for the input layer during the training of the deep neural networks, in order to scale-out for large-sized sparse feature vectors. GPUs are utilized in order to train neural networks in a reasonable time. We have trained our models for around 150 million products with a taxonomy tree with at most 5 levels that contains 28,338 leaf categories. Tests with millions of products show that our first predictions matches 81% of merchants’ assignments, when “others” categories are excluded.
A Unified Model for Color Prediction of Halftoned Prints (2000)

This study introduces a new model and a new mathematical formulation describing the light scattering and ink spreading phenomena in printing. The new model generalizes the classical Kubelka-Munk theory, and unifies it with the Neugebauer model within a single mathematical framework based on matrices. Results like the Saunderson correction, the Clapper-Yule equation, the Murray-Davis relation and the Williams-Clapper equation are shown to be particular cases of the new model. Using this new theoretical tool, the reflection spectra of 100 samples printed on high quality paper by two different ink-jet printers were computed with an average prediction error of about ΔE = 2.1 in CIELAB.
35‐4: <i>Invited Paper</i> : A Wide Field of View Head Mounted Display and Its Effects on Search Performance in Augmented Reality (2016)

Developing a wide field of view (FOV) optical see‐through (OST) head mounted display (HMD) has been a challenge for decades. Naturally, the actual effects of a wide FOV OST display on the perception of augmentations have not been widely studied either. We previously proposed a wide FOV head mounted projective display (HMPD) using a hyperboloidal semitransparent mirror and a semi‐transparent retroreflective screen, called the wearable HHMPD [1]. Main features of the wearable HHMPD include a horizontal FOV of 110 degrees and a visual acuity of around 20/200. Using the wearable HHMPD, we then conducted a user study investigating the effects of a wide FOV in augmented reality (AR) [2]. Results show that target discovery rates consistently drop with in‐view labelling and increase with in‐situ labelling as display angle approaches 100 degrees of FOV. Past this point, the performances of the two view management methods begin to converge, suggesting equivalent discovery rates at approximately 130 degrees of FOV. Results also indicate that users exhibited lower discovery rates for targets appearing in peripheral vision, and that there is little impact of FOV on response time and mental workload.
[Effects of mechanical vibration on the morphology of the acellular scaffold for the spinal cord]. (2008)

All the cells, axons and neural sheaths in the spinal cord can be removed by chemical extraction with Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate. Mechanical vibration at suitable frequency may cell preserve the 3-dimensional structure of the matrix fibers. The acellular spinal cord scaffold may serve as an ideal material for constructing tissue-engineered spinal cord.
Concordant Regulation of Translation and mRNA Abundance for Hundreds of Targets of a Human microRNA (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by interfering with a target mRNA's translation, stability, or both. We sought to dissect the respective contributions of translational inhibition and mRNA decay to microRNA regulation. We identified direct targets of a specific miRNA, miR-124, by virtue of their association with Argonaute proteins, core components of miRNA effector complexes, in response to miR-124 transfection in human tissue culture cells. In parallel, we assessed mRNA levels and obtained translation profiles using a novel global approach to analyze polysomes separated on sucrose gradients. Analysis of translation profiles for approximately 8,000 genes in these proliferative human cells revealed that basic features of translation are similar to those previously observed in rapidly growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For approximately 600 mRNAs specifically recruited to Argonaute proteins by miR-124, we found reductions in both the mRNA abundance and inferred translation rate spanning a large dynamic range. The changes in mRNA levels of these miR-124 targets were larger than the changes in translation, with average decreases of 35% and 12%, respectively. Further, there was no identifiable subgroup of mRNA targets for which the translational response was dominant. Both ribosome occupancy (the fraction of a given gene's transcripts associated with ribosomes) and ribosome density (the average number of ribosomes bound per unit length of coding sequence) were selectively reduced for hundreds of miR-124 targets by the presence of miR-124. Changes in protein abundance inferred from the observed changes in mRNA abundance and translation profiles closely matched changes directly determined by Western analysis for 11 of 12 proteins, suggesting that our assays captured most of miR-124-mediated regulation. These results suggest that miRNAs inhibit translation initiation or stimulate ribosome drop-off preferentially near the start site and are not consistent with inhibition of polypeptide elongation, or nascent polypeptide degradation contributing significantly to miRNA-mediated regulation in proliferating HEK293T cells. The observation of concordant changes in mRNA abundance and translational rate for hundreds of miR-124 targets is consistent with a functional link between these two regulatory outcomes of miRNA targeting, and the well-documented interrelationship between translation and mRNA decay.
Amount of gas hydrate estimated from compressional- and shear-wave velocities at the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well (1999)

The amount of in situ gas hydrate concentrated in the sediment pore space at the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well was estimated by using compressional-wave (P-wave) and shear-wave (S-wave) downhole log measurements. A weighted equation developed for relating the amount of gas hydrate concentrated in the pore space of unconsolidated sediments to the increase of seismic velocities was applied to the acoustic logs with porosities derived from the formation density log. A weight of 1.56 (W = 1.56) and the exponent of 1 (n = 1) provided consistent estimates of gas hydrate concentration from the S-wave and the P-wave logs. Gas hydrate concentration is as much as 80% in the pore spaces, and the average gas hydrate concentration within the gas-hydrate-bearing section from 897 m to 1110 m (excluding zones where there is no gas hydrate) was calculated at 39.0% when using P-wave data and 37.8% when using S-wave data.
EFFECTS OF DMSO ON THE PROPERTIES OF RED BLOOD CELLS I. INTERACTION WITH LANTHANUM IONS AND FLOCCULATION (1985)

ABSTRACT The binding of lanthanum Ions onto the surfaces of fixed turkey, chicken, horse and dog cells was studied electrophoretl-cally, in the presence and in the absence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Charge reversal concentrations and electrochemical free energies of lanthanum ion adsorption were calculated. The surfaces responded differently to lanthanum ion binding with each addition of DMSO. Flocculation studies revealed that rapid flocculation of turkey cells occurred when the zeta potential had dropped to-8.1 mV, at an effective Hamaker coefficient of 13.15 × 10-23. Even at zero van der Waals attraction, the admixture of lanthanum nitrate could cause flocculation of turkey cells. It is concluded that the cells flocculated by trivalent cation bridging, with little or no contribution of van der Waals-London attraction at the primary minimum.
The Effects of Collecting Income Taxes on Social Security Benefits (2017)

Since 1983, Social Security benefits have been subject to income taxation, a provision that can significantly increase the marginal income tax rate for older individuals. To assess the impact of this tax, we construct and calibrate a detailed life-cycle model of labor supply, saving, and Social Security claiming. We find that in a long-run stationary environment, replacing the taxation of Social Security benefits with a revenue-equivalent change in the payroll tax would increase labor supply, consumption, and welfare. From an ex-ante perspective an equally desirable reform would be to make the portion of benefits subject to income taxes completely independent of other income.
First-Principles Calculations on Mg Impurity and Mg–H Complex in GaN (1996)

First-principles calculations are performed in order to investigate the atomic geometry and stability of the Mg impurity and Mg–H complex in GaN. We find that a doped Mg atom is stable at a Ga substitutional site with only slight lattice relaxation, suggesting that the Mg impurity induces a shallow acceptor level. It is also found that this Mg impurity forms a very stable complex with an incorporated hydrogen; the hydrogen atom intervenes between the N and Mg atoms to form the stable Mg–H complex. The formation of this stable Mg–H complex is expected to be the reason for the experimental result that the acceptor is passivated by the hydrogen. Local vibrational frequencies of the Mg–H complexes are also discussed.
Large Retrotransposon Derivatives: Abundant, Conserved but Nonautonomous Retroelements of Barley and Related Genomes (2004)

Retroviruses and LTR retrotransposons comprise two long-terminal repeats (LTRs) bounding a central domain that encodes the products needed for reverse transcription, packaging, and integration into the genome. We describe a group of retrotransposons in 13 species and four genera of the grass tribe Triticeae, including barley, with long, approximately 4.4-kb LTRs formerly called Sukkula elements. The approximately 3.5-kb central domains include reverse transcriptase priming sites and are conserved in sequence but contain no open reading frames encoding typical retrotransposon proteins. However, they specify well-conserved RNA secondary structures. These features describe a novel group of elements, called LARDs or large retrotransposon derivatives (LARDs). These appear to be members of the gypsy class of LTR retrotransposons. Although apparently nonautonomous, LARDs appear to be transcribed and can be recombinationally mapped due to the polymorphism of their insertion sites. They are dispersed throughout the genome in an estimated 1.3 x 10(3) full-length copies and 1.16 x 10(4) solo LTRs, indicating frequent recombinational loss of internal domains as demonstrated also for the BARE-1 barley retrotransposon.
On convergence rates of game theoretic reinforcement learning algorithms (2016)

This paper investigates a class of multi-player discrete games where each player aims to maximize its own utility function. Each player does not know the other players' action sets, their deployed actions or the structures of its own or the others' utility functions. Instead, each player only knows its own deployed actions and its received utility values in recent history. We propose a reinforcement learning algorithm which converges to the set of action profiles which have maximal stochastic potential with probability one. Furthermore, the convergence rate of the proposed algorithm is quantified. The algorithm performance is verified using two case studies in the smart grid and cybersecurity.
The slippery slope of arthritis (2005)

Farshid GuilakThe synovial joint is one of nature’s true marvels,boasting frictional properties that remain unmatched byhuman-made joints. The coefficient of friction ( for its lubricating properties, and early studies showed)ofcartilage gliding on cartilage has been measured to be aslow as 0.002 (1,2), meaning that a contact force of1,000N ( 225 pounds) across the joint produces africtional shear force that is 1/500th of this value, or just2N ( 0.45 pounds) at the cartilage surface (see Table 1 forexamples of values for other common joint materials).Such low frictional properties provide for a load-bearingsurface that, under normal circumstances, exhibits virtuallyno wear over tens of millions of cycles of use, whilewithstanding loads of several times the body weight.The mechanisms by which the synovial jointachieves these frictional properties involve an intricatecombination of biomechanical and biomolecular factorsacting at a variety of scales. For example, congruity ofthe joint surfaces serves to distribute joint loading over alarger contact area, thereby minimizing contact stresses.Furthermore, the high water content and low permeabil-ity of the cartilage extracellular matrix provide a uniquemechanism of supporting loads (3), whereby fluid pres-surization within the tissue can bear nearly 90% of theload, greatly minimizing the stresses on the solid extra-cellular matrix (4,5). Synovial fluid plays multiple rolesinjointlubricationbyprovidingahighviscosity“squeezefilm” layer that delays cartilage-to-cartilage contact un-der dynamic loading (6,7) as well as a source of bound-ary lubricant molecules for the cartilage surface. Bound-ary lubricants are molecules that are adsorbed or bound tothe joint surface, potentially as a single layer. This layer ofmolecules on each side of the joint transmits loads to thetissue and provides a mechanism for decreasing frictiononce the tissue surfaces actually come in contact with oneanother. Indeed, the lubricating properties of synovial fluidled investigators to hypothesize even decades ago thatspecific moieties present in synovial fluid were responsibleevidence of the loss of these lubricating properties withosteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis (8).In the last 2 decades, a wealth of information hasemerged on the composition, structure, and propertiesof molecules present in the synovial fluid and thecartilage surface that serve as the primary boundarylubricants of the synovial joint. The first such molecule,an 227-kd glycoprotein termed lubricin (9), was iden-tified from bovine synovial fluid by density-gradientsedimentation and gel-permeation chromatography.Surprisingly, purified lubricin was found to lubricatearticular cartilage as effectively as whole synovial fluid.This molecule is a product of synovial fibroblasts ex-pressing the megakaryocyte-stimulating factor (MSF)gene(alsotermed
Coherent subterahertz radiation from femtosecond infrared filaments in air (2002)

We report on what is believed to be the first observation of coherent subterahertz (sub-THz) emission from a 1-m string in the atmosphere. The sub-THz pulse emitted by the filamentary structure from an intense IR femtosecond laser pulse is detected perpendicularly to the laser propagation axis by use of two heterodyne detectors at 94+/-1 and 118+/-1GHz . We describe the characteristics of this emission and show evidence of constructive interference between two separate strings.