gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting symmetry in lifted CSPs (1997)

When search problems have large-scale symmetric structure, detecting and exploiting that structure can greatly reduce the size of the search space. Previous work has shown how to find and exploit symmetries in propositional encodings of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). Here we consider problems that have more compact (quantified) descriptions from which propositional encodings can be generated. We describe an algorithm for finding symmetries in lifted representations of CSPs, and show sufficient conditions under which these symmetries can be mapped to symmetries in the propositional encoding. Using two domains (pigeonhole problems, and a CSP encoding of planning problems), we demonstrate experimentally that the approach of finding symmetries in lifted problem representations is a significant improvement over previous approaches that find symmetnes in propositional encodings.
The Enzyme Function Initiative (2011)

The Enzyme Function Initiative (EFI) was recently established to address the challenge of assigning reliable functions to enzymes discovered in bacterial genome projects; in this Current Topic, we review the structure and operations of the EFI. The EFI includes the Superfamily/Genome, Protein, Structure, Computation, and Data/Dissemination Cores that provide the infrastructure for reliably predicting the in vitro functions of unknown enzymes. The initial targets for functional assignment are selected from five functionally diverse superfamilies (amidohydrolase, enolase, glutathione transferase, haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase, and isoprenoid synthase), with five superfamily specific Bridging Projects experimentally testing the predicted in vitro enzymatic activities. The EFI also includes the Microbiology Core that evaluates the in vivo context of in vitro enzymatic functions and confirms the functional predictions of the EFI. The deliverables of the EFI to the scientific community include (1) development of a large-scale, multidisciplinary sequence/structure-based strategy for functional assignment of unknown enzymes discovered in genome projects (target selection, protein production, structure determination, computation, experimental enzymology, microbiology, and structure-based annotation), (2) dissemination of the strategy to the community via publications, collaborations, workshops, and symposia, (3) computational and bioinformatic tools for using the strategy, (4) provision of experimental protocols and/or reagents for enzyme production and characterization, and (5) dissemination of data via the EFI's Website, http://enzymefunction.org. The realization of multidisciplinary strategies for functional assignment will begin to define the full metabolic diversity that exists in nature and will impact basic biochemical and evolutionary understanding, as well as a wide range of applications of central importance to industrial, medicinal, and pharmaceutical efforts.
Microinvasion by Streptococcus pneumoniae induces epithelial innate immunity during colonisation at the human mucosal surface (2019)

Control of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation at human mucosal surfaces is critical to reducing the burden of pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease, interrupting transmission, and achieving herd protection. Here, we use an experimental human pneumococcal carriage model (EHPC) to show that S. pneumoniae colonisation is associated with epithelial surface adherence, micro-colony formation and invasion, without overt disease. Interactions between different strains and the epithelium shaped the host transcriptomic response in vitro. Using epithelial modules from a human epithelial cell model that recapitulates our in vivo findings, comprising of innate signalling and regulatory pathways, inflammatory mediators, cellular metabolism and stress response genes, we find that inflammation in the EHPC model is most prominent around the time of bacterial clearance. Our results indicate that, rather than being confined to the epithelial surface and the overlying mucus layer, the pneumococcus undergoes micro-invasion of the epithelium that enhances inflammatory and innate immune responses associated with clearance.
The Benefits of Cationic Starches for the Paper Industry (1989)

Abstract Cationic starches are widely used as wet end additives in paper making. They provide many benefits, classified into 4 categories: improvement of mechanical strength; better retention of fines and fillers; faster drainage; reduction of waste water pollution. According to the accepted theory, a 2‐part electrical layer is formed at the solid liquid interface. The zeta potential (existing at the interface between the 2 layers) is one important parameter which influences the retention of most ionic wet‐end chemicals and governs many of the processes involved in making a functional paper product. Practical experiences showed us how to influence the zeta potential in order to obtain the desired benefits. The parameters depending on starch, which have been examined, are: the type of starch (origin), the level of addition and where it is used in the paper making process. Other influences come from the alum content, pH, occurance of shear forces and the presence of dissolved anionic material. Comparative laboratory tests have led to a better understanding of the rather complex interactions on which cationic activity is based. In this paper also the application of cationic starch in surface sizing compared to other starch modifications is discussed. Some important advantages, such as lower waste water pollution and better mechanical strength for the same pick‐up, are claimed.
Computer viruses: a problem of management (1994)

Computer viruses present a major threat to the security of computing systems-a threat unlike those experienced previously. In the seven years since viruses became prevalent on business systems their destructive power has received widespread publicity. All computer professionals will be aware of their existence and prudent managers will have investigated the available countermeasures. A body of myth and folklore still surrounds the whole topic of computer viruses and obscures, even from computer professionals, the increasing sophistication of the later viruses. The development of an anti-viral policy presupposes an understanding of the nature of the threat and of the strategic options which are available. The threat is real and the potential damage is substantial. A major virus infection may inflict serious disruption on an organisation; such an outbreak may even put a small company out of business.
Precise timestamping and temporal synchronization in multi-sensor fusion (2011)

This paper presents a new approach to exact timestamping of asynchronous measurements in a multi-sensor setup. In order to improve the performance of a single sensor, driver assistance systems use several different sensors which have different latencies that usually cannot be measured directly. These unknown latencies pose a problem in data association and temporal synchronization. Consequently, a method to estimate or incorporate the latencies is needed in all sensor fusion algorithms in order to derive the real time of a measurement. In this paper a method is described to compensate the sensor latencies even if they cannot be observed directly.
Cryogen-free heterodyne-enhanced mid-infrared Faraday rotation spectrometer (2013)

A new detection method for Faraday rotation spectra of paramagnetic molecular species is presented. Near shot-noise limited performance in the mid-infrared is demonstrated using a heterodyne enhanced Faraday rotation spectroscopy (H-FRS) system without any cryogenic cooling. Theoretical analysis is performed to estimate the ultimate sensitivity to polarization rotation for both heterodyne and conventional FRS. Sensing of nitric oxide (NO) has been performed with an H-FRS system based on thermoelectrically cooled 5.24 μm quantum cascade laser (QCL) and a mercury-cadmium-telluride photodetector. The QCL relative intensity noise that dominates at low frequencies is largely avoided by performing the heterodyne detection in radio frequency range. H-FRS exhibits a total noise level of only 3.7 times the fundamental shot noise. The achieved sensitivity to polarization rotation of 1.8 × 10(-8) rad/Hz(1/2) is only 5.6 times higher than the ultimate theoretical sensitivity limit estimated for this system. The path- and bandwidth-normalized NO detection limit of 3.1 ppbv-m/Hz(1/2) was achieved using the R(17/2) transition of NO at 1906.73 cm(-1).
[Monitoring of short latent evoked potentials during brain stem surgery]. (1995)

The studies were carried out in 33 patients with intrastem volumetric tumors. In 6 patients the monitoring was impossible because of technological problems. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were recorded in 10 and acoustic stem evoked potentials (ASEP) in 18 out of 27 patients and the findings correlated to changes in the neurological status on day 1 postoperation. In 3 out of 9 patients operated on in a sitting posture SSEP monitoring during the main stage of the operation became impossible because the response disappeared due to an air layer above the parietal cortex. Transitory or constant changes in SSEP at the stage of tumor removal were detected in 5 patients. In 9 patients intraoperative changes in ASEP were recorded. False-positive results of ASEP monitoring were obtained in 4 cases. In 2 cases a discrepancy between intraoperative changes of SSEP and the postoperative neurologic deficit were detected. The authors discuss the technological and methodological problems of intraoperative monitoring of evoked potentials and approaches to solution of these problems.
Regularized two-dimensional Fourier gravity inversion method with application to the Silent Canyon Caldera, Nevada (1989)

Abstract A modification of the 2-D Fourier gravity inversion method includes regularization and a linear density variation with depth. Explicit downward continuation in the Fourier inversion of gravity observations from mass distributions at depth produces instability in the presence of noise and shallow mass distributions. A data-adaptive regularization filter tapers growth of the exponential continuation function. An empirical relationship between the regularization filter parameter and a parametric model of potential field spectra results in automatic selection of the filter parameter for a given continuation depth. Inversion of synthetic data from a random noise-contaminated basin type model produces a depth model that agrees with the synthetic structure with an rms error commensurate with the data noise.A model of the Silent Canyon caldera, buried beneath Pahute Mesa at the Nevada Test Site, results in a gravity field that agrees with the observations to within a 4 percent rms error. The caldera gravity model supports the hypothesis of a high-density half-space (precaldera lithology) beneath a lower density caldera infill (postcaldera volcanic activity).
The ALMA Correlators: Technical details, Performance and Status of the Main Array Correlator (2011)

The ALMA Correlators: Technical details - ALMA Newsletter, vol. 7, p. 18-31
Freestanding silicon microparticle and self-healing polymer composite design for effective lithiation stress relaxation (2018)

A freestanding Si-self-healing polymer composite with free volume expansion exhibits a capacity of 2212 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> and 91.8% capacity retention after 100 cycles at C/10.
A Note on the Unsoundness of vnTinyRAM's SNARK. (2015)

Gennaro, Gentry, Parno, and Raykova (GGPR) introduced Quadratic Arithmetic Programs (QAPs) as a way of repre-senting arithmetic circuits in a form amendable to highly effi-cient cryptographic protocols [11], particularly for verifiable computation and succinct non-interactive arguments [12]. Subsequently, Parno, Gentry, Howell, and Raykova intro-duced an improved cryptographic protocol (and implemen-tation), which they dubbed Pinocchio [13]. Ben-Sasson et al. [5] then introduced a lightly modified version of the Pinocchio protocol and implemented it as part of their libsnark distribution. Later work by the same au-thors employed this protocol [2–4, 10], as did a few works by others [1, 14]. Many of these works cite the version of the paper which was published at USENIX Security [6]. How-
Sequential Lateral Solidification Processing for Polycrystalline Si TFTs (2004)

The sequential lateral solidification (SLS) process is an excimer-laser projection-based scheme for crystallization of thin films on amorphous substrates. This method can be used to readily produce a wide range of microstructures through manipulation of grain boundary placement within the crystallized material. In this paper, we focus on the 2-shot SLS process for crystallization of thin Si films for thin-film transistor (TFT) applications. We have investigated the effect of process parameter variation on the resulting microstructure, as well as on the performance of TFTs fabricated on the material. The 2-shot SLS microstructure was further engineered to reduce anisotropy of the TFT performance relative to the lateral growth direction using additional laser scans. Through this method, we were able to improve the mobility directionality ratio between devices with majority carrier flow parallel and perpendicular to the lateral growth direction, respectively, from 0.3 to over 0.7. Post-SLS process thinning and planarization of the Si surface was used to improve the uniformity and performance of the TFT devices.
Transformations of penicillins: reactions with chloramine T (1975)

Reaction of chloramine T trihydrate with certain 6β-amidopenicillanates affords β-lactam-fused thiadiazine S-imides. The structure of one S-imide was established by X-ray crystallography and those of the others were deduced by spectroscopic comparison. Penicillanates lacking a secondary amide group at C-6 did not undergo comparable reaction. The β-lactam-fused heterocyclic S-imides were particularly stable towards a series of reactants, including oxidising and reducing reagents. Trichloroethyl 6β-phenylacetamidopenicillanate was significantly different in its reactivity towards chloramine T, affording β-lactam-fused oxazolines and a monocylic chlorozetidinone. A by-product in these reactions was identified as NN′-thiobis(toluene-p-sulphonamide).
Automatic illumination and color compensation using mean shift and sigma filter (2009)

We present a novel framework for automatic illumination and color compensation algorithm using mean shift and the sigma filter (ICCMS) to restore distorted images taken under the arbitrary lighting conditions. The proposed method is effective for appropriate illumination compensation, vivid color restoration, artifacts suppression, automatic parameter estimation, and low computational cost for HW implementation. We show the efficiency of the mean shift filter and sigma filter for illumination compensation with small sized kernel while considering the processing time and removing the artifacts such as HALO and noise amplification. The proposed color restoration function can restore the natural color and correct color noise artifact more perceptually compared with conventional methods. For the automatic processing, the image statistics analysis estimates suitable parameter and all constants are pre-defined. We also introduce the ROI-based parameter estimation dealing with small shadow area against spacious well-exposed background in an image for the touch-screen camera. The object evaluation is performed by CMC, CIEde2000, PSNR, SSIM, and 3D CIELAB gamut with state-of-the-art research and existing commercial solutions.
Conception avec règles en lambda d'une ROM 4-valuée (1985)

L'utilisation de ROMS 4-valuées, avec 2 bits par cellule, est une solution intéressante pour diminuer la taille des mémoires à lecture seule (ROM) de grosse capacité. Alors que la publication originale d'Intel ne donnait aucune information sur les tolérances technologiques, nous montrons la « faisabilité » d'une conception avec règles en λ sur le CMP français (Circuit Multi-Projets) d'une ROM 4-valuée que nous comparons avec la ROM binaire de même capacité utilisant les mêmes règles de dessin.
동남아시아 역내교역 결정요인 분석 및 시사점 (2014)

This study examines the measures for the activation and the growth of intra-regional trade in Southeast Asia taking a look at the four dimensions of tariff rates, non-tariff barriers, trade facilitations, and trade infrastructures. Utilizing a gravity model, we performed empirical analysis and discussed the policy implications with the priorities to implement. To expand the intra-regional trade in Southeast Asia it would be necessary to enhance the level of trade facilitations and provide trade infrastructures, such as ports and airports as well as cutting the tariff rates and eliminating the non-trade barriers. In particular, in the case of exports of ASEAN6 to ASEAN6 the infrastructure is the important factor. Also, in the case of the exports of ASEAN6 to CLMV(Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam), it is expected that eliminating non-tariff barriers and enhancing trade facilitations may play important roles in the progress of intra-regional trade. These results may provide the important implications for Southeast Asian countries, which are trying to promote intra-regional trade ahead of the constitution of ASEAN Economic Community by 2015. Southeast Asian countries could be evaluated to achieve a certain level of trade liberalization and economic integration through the formation of AFTA. But in order for Southeast Asia to develop to advanced economic integrated region it requires mutual cooperations and policy harmonizations among regional countries. Also, for the elimination of non-tariff barriers, promoting trade facilitations, and providing infrastructures, the administrative, legal, and institutional measures would have to be fulfilled in advance. In addition, capital investment for constructing infrastructures would be necessary to realize the intra-regional trade expansion. However, to achieve the goal, it would require a large capital investment and highly mandated policy considerations and harmonizations among Southeast Asian countries in terms of further trade liberalization and economic integration.
Performance Evaluation of 3D-LOCUS Advanced Acoustic LPS (2009)

Local positioning systems (LPSs) based on acoustic transducers (mainly ultrasonic) offer accurate localization in indoor environments. However, their performance is commonly limited by the transducers' frequency bandwidth and emission pattern. 3D-LOCUS is a new advanced acoustic LPS that claims subcentimeter accuracy even in turbulent environments. This is achieved through the use of broadband omnidirectional transducers, suitable design of emitted signals, proper calibration, and bidirectional emissions. This paper evaluates the 3D-LOCUS LPS by providing results in terms of some positioning metrics such as accuracy, resolution, and coverage, which show how it outperforms other state-of-the-art LPS prototypes. 3D-LOCUS operating in bidirectional mode minimizes environmental effects, such as temperature and airflows, attaining localization errors below 9 mm with a 90% confidence level, an RMS error below 7.4 mm, and 5 mm resolution in a localization volume of 2 times 2 times 0.4 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
With COVID-19, 외식업의 길을 묻다. (2020)

코로나-19의 발병으로 세계 각처에서 수백만 명의 생활 방식이 극적인 변화를 맞고 있으며 그 놀라운 전파력과 치명률로 인해 기존 질서가 무너지고 있다. 대면 서비스의 외식업은 강력한 타격을 입었고, 바이러스의 장기화가 예상되고 있는 상황에서 생존을 위해 New Normal을 준비해야만 한다. 이에 본 연구는 코로나-19로 인한 외식업계의 변화를 살펴보고,...
Part II, An Archaeological Evaluation of the Method (1960)

Abstract Dating archaeological sites, cultures or phases by the obsidian method is still experimental, but shows promise provided the archaeologists understand the present limitations. Two categories of factors cause possible dating errors: the technical or geological aspect discussed by Friedman and Smith, and the archaeological context. For the establishment of valid rates of hydration and for the archaeological evaluation of the method, preferred samples are those datable by independent means, such as radiocarbon, dendrochronology, historical records, rates of refuse accumulation, contemporary calendars, or correlated positively with complexes or seriated sequences that are so dated. A few samples used in the preliminary part of the study do not meet these rigid standards and make the method look poorer than it is, but a table contains the raw data on all specimens tested to date. The principal source of potential error at our present state of knowledge is the frequency with which artifacts of older manufacture were re-used by a younger (more recent) culture. Evaluations of the data presented in the table and most of the results are discussed by geographical area. For the tropical region where the annual temperature range is minimal and where large obsidian samples from village refuse are available, the hydration rate appears to be a fairly accurate method of dating. Lack of conformity of obsidian dates with archaeological dates for the Maya region and the Southwest, however, emphasizes the need for further research using larger series of artifacts and for a continued examination of technical factors. Objects of modern manufacture can be identified with little difficulty, offering a simple means of detecting fakes or copies.
Green Tea Polyphenol Stimulates a Ras, MEKK1, MEK3, and p38 Cascade to Increase Activator Protein 1 Factor-dependent Involucrin Gene Expression in Normal Human Keratinocytes (2002)

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is an important bioactive constituent of green tea that efficiently reduces epidermal cancer cell proliferation. This inhibition is associated with a reduction in activator protein 1 (AP1) transcription factor level and activity. However, its effects on AP1 function in normal epidermal cells have not been extensively explored. Our present studies show that EGCG regulates normal keratinocyte function. To understand the mechanism of action, we examined the effects of EGCG on AP1 factor activity, MAPK signal transduction, and expression of the AP1 factor-regulated human involucrin (hINV) gene. EGCG increases hINV promoter activity in a concentration-dependent manner that requires the presence of an intact hINV promoter AP1 factor binding site. This response appears to be physiologic, as endogenous hINV gene expression is also increased. Fra-1, Fra-2, FosB, JunB, JunD, c-Jun, and c-Fos levels are increased by EGCG treatment, as is AP1 factor binding to hINV promoter AP1 site. Gel mobility shift studies show that this complex contains Fra-1 and JunD. Signal transduction analysis indicates that the EGCG response requires Ras, MEKK1, MEK3, and p38 kinases. Kinase assays and inhibitor studies suggest that p38delta is the p38 isoform responsible for the regulation. These changes are also associated with a cessation of cell proliferation and enhanced cornified envelope formation. These studies show that in normal human keratinocytes EGCG markedly increases, via a MAPK signaling mechanism, AP1 factor-associated responses.
Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with fluoxetine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. (1992)

Fluoxetine appears to be a highly effective, well-tolerated treatment for the psychological and physical symptoms accompanying severe PMS.