gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHOTO‐CIDNP STUDY OF PYRIMIDINE DIMER SPLITTING I: REACTIONS INVOLVING PYRIMIDINE RADICAL CATION INTERMEDIATES (1995)

A series of photo-CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) experiments were performed on pyrimidine monomers and dimers, using the electron-donor N alpha-acetyltryptophan (AcTrp) as a photosensitizer. The CIDNP spectra give evidence for the existence of both the dimer radical anion, which is formed by electron transfer from the excited AcTrp* to the dimer, and its dissociation product, the monomer radical anion. The AcTrp spectra are completely different from those obtained with an oxidizing sensitizer like anthraquinone-2-sulfonate, because of different unpaired electron spin density distributions in pyrimidine radical anion and cation. In the spectra of the anti (1,3-dimethyluracil) dimers, polarization is detected that originates from a spin-sorting process in the dimer radical pair, pointing to a relatively long lifetime of the dimer radical anions involved. Although the dimer radical anions of the 1,1'-trimethylene-bridged pyrimidines may have a relatively long lifetime as well, their protons have only very weak hyperfine interaction, which explains why no polarization originating from the dimer radical pair is detected. In the spectra of the bridged pyrimidines, polarized dimer protons are observed as a result of spin sorting in the monomer radical pair, from which it follows that the dissociation of dimer radical anion into monomer radical anion is reversible. A study of CIDNP intensities as a function of pH shows that a pH between 3 and 4 is optimal for observing monomer polarization that originates from spin-sorting in the monomer radical pair. At higher pH the geminate recombination polarization is partly cancelled by escape polarization arising in the same product.
Wound Image Analysis Classifier for Efficient Tracking of Wound Healing Status (2014)

Wounds are evolved by increase in number of damage tissues. The traditional way of assessing the wound healing status is to periodic measure of the area covered by the wound. This technique is tedious to measure and periodic assessment is cumbersome. Basically healing status of the wound can be classified as contact methods and non contact methods. The purpose of this research work is to accurately assess the healing status of the wound .To accurately assess the wound, capturing of the wound images are the first task to be performed. There are various tools like the photographic wound assessment tool (PWAT) to acquire efficient wound images. Since the characteristics of different types of wounds (venous, pressure, diabetic, and arterial ulcers) vary markedly, determining the reliability and validity of using the PWAT to assess wound appearance for both chronic pressure ulcers and leg ulcers due to vascular insufficiency is important. Segmenting the area of the wound from the wound image using efficient segmentation techniques and preprocessing the segmented wound to reduce the noise using efficient filters and efficient denoising techniques. Efficient classifiers are needed to classify the wound images. One among the classifiers are the Wound Image Analysis Classifier (WIAC). Experimental evaluation has been made on comparing various classifiers like SVM, KNN, WIAC.
Tryptase from human pulmonary mast cells. Purification and characterization. (1981)

Tryptase, the predominant neutral protease in human mast cell secretory granules, was purified to homogeneity from dissociated and concentrated pulmonary mast cells by sequential chromatography on Dowex 1-X2, DEAE-Sephadex, and heparin-agarose. Purified tryptase gave a single stained protein band on polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis at pH 4.3 in the presence of 4 M urea. The enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 120,000 to 140,000 by gel filtration chromatography. Electrophoresis of purified tryptase under denaturing conditions revealed subunits with molecular weights of 37,000 and 35,000 in a molar ratio of 1:1, consistent with a tetrameric subunit structure for the holoenzyme of Mr = 144,000. Both subunits bind [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate as assessed by the correspondence of radioactivity with the two stained protein bands in a polyacrylamide gel after electrophoresis of purified tryptase under denaturing conditions, indicating that all four subunits of the holoenzyme may have active site capacity. Purified tryptase has a specific activity for tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester of 97 units/mg (1 unit = 1 mumol of substrate cleaved/min at 22 degrees C). Human pulmonary mast cells contain tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester-esterase at levels more than 100-fold higher than those of human neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. One million mast cells contain about 1.1 units, or 6 to 19 micrograms of tryptase, and have the capacity to contribute dominant levels of this enzyme at tissue sites of mast cell degranulation.
Particulate Invasion From Drilling Fluids (1999)

Abstract Particulate invasion is one of the primary mechanisms of formation damage caused by drilling fluids. During the initial stages of filtercake growth particles are forced into the formation, building an internal filtercake which plugs the near surface pores. Where bridging is inadequate, the depth of invasion can be considerable. Removal of this internal cake can be difficult, leading to reduced productivity. Better understanding of its properties will lead to more effective cleanup and enhanced productivity. As part of an EC-Joule funded study into formation damage mechanisms, we have investigated both the invasion of solids and their mobility during clean up. We have systematically investigated the effect of mud particle size on rock substrates of varying permeabilities. The results indicate that formation damage increases with increasing substrate permeability. Substrate permeability was also found to have a marked effect on the initiation of production; flow initiation pressures were greatest on low permeability cores. Quantitative profiles of solids invasion into sandstone cores for a range of water-based drilling fluids were obtained using scanning electron microscopy/ X-ray mapping (SEM-EDS) and synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction tomography (EDD-T). This latter technique, using a synchrotron source, samples the intact core rather than a fractured surface, and gives analytical powder diffraction data, whereas a conventional CAT scanner provides attenuation data only. The effect of back flooding on the invasion profile was then examined, and permeability damage associated with the invasion was also determined. The invasion was compared to damage profiles obtained by core sectioning. Invasion profiles were found to drop quite steeply but fines could be observed deep with in the core. The presence of external cake was found to influence the ease of clean up of the invaded zone. A deep bed filtration model has been developed for the effect of solids invasion on permeability reduction. This model is compared to the profiles obtained in the invasion experiments.
A New Weighting Method for CCD Analog Sampled Filter (1977)

A new weighting method for CCD transversal filtering is proposed. This type of filtering or "input gate weighting method" is a novel design aspect of weighting and sampling by the input diodes and dual input gates. This method implies signal processing over the high frequency range and simple design of an on-a-chip CCD filter. Lowpass filters are fabricated on both of surface and buried channel structures. Experimental results indicate good agreement with theoretical calculations for both the surface and buried channel samples operated at a sample rate of up to 10 MHz.
Consumer electronics: A step toward `perfect¿ resolution: Pictures rivaling 35-mm film in quality are in the offing for home television of the eighties (1981)

High-definition television, with a much sharper picture than is currently available, is expected to be in retail stores before the decade is out. A number of converging developments are expected to yield a TV picture with over 1100 scanning lines, or roughly twice the number now specified by the three major color television standards. The developments include digital broadcast equipment, wideband analog and digital video tape recorders, direct-broadcast satellites, and TV receivers with large, wide screens.
High state of order of isolated bacterial lipopolysaccharide and its possible contribution to the permeation barrier property of the outer membrane (1985)

The conformational properties of the isolated S form of Salmonella sp. lipopolysaccharide (LPS), of Re mutant LPS, and of free lipid A were investigated by using X-ray diffraction and conformational energy calculations. The data obtained showed that LPS in a dried, in a hydrated, and probably also in an aqueous dispersion state is capable of forming bilayered lamellar arrangements similar to phospholipids. From the bilayer packing periodicities, a geometrical model of the extensions of the LPS regions lipid A, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid, and O-specific chain along the membrane normal could be calculated. Furthermore, the lipid A component was found to assume a remarkably high ordered conformation: its fatty acid chains were tightly packed in a dense hexagonal lattice with a center-to-center distance of 0.49 nm. The hydrophilic backbone of lipid A showed a strong tendency to form domains in the membrane, resulting in a more or less parallel arrangement of lipid A units. According to model calculations, the hydrophilic backbone of lipid A appears to be oriented approximately 45 degrees to the membrane surface, which would lead to a shed roof-like appearance of the surface structure in the indentations of which the 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid moiety would fit. In contrast, the O-specific chains assume a low ordered, heavily coiled conformation. Comparison of these structural properties with those known for natural phospholipids in biological membranes indicates that the high state of order of the lipid A portion of LPS might be an important factor in the structural role and permeation barrier functions of LPS in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
Complex Dielectric Permittivity of Soil–Organic Mixtures (20 MHz–1.3 GHz) (2003)

The dielectric permittivity of soils can be significantly modified by the presence of organic contaminant in the pore fluid. Thus, nondestructive techniques based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves may be used to detect contaminant plumes and to evaluate decontamination processes. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and time domain reflectometry are two of the most relevant geophysical tools working in the frequency range of interest here. In this work, the complex dielectric permittivity of some soil–organic mixtures are measured in the frequency range of 20 MHz to 1.3 GHz. Tests are conducted in samples of silica sand, loess, and kaolinite mixed with varied amount of paraffin oil and lubricant oil. Additional tests are performed in soil–water samples for comparison. Mixtures formulas reported in the literature are extended from two to three and four phases in order to model the measured dielectric response of the contaminated soil samples. The results allow us to study the effect of the volumetric liquid content, organic type, mineral composition, and specific surface of soil particles on the dielectric permittivity of the mixtures. It is concluded in this work that the value of dielectric permittivity in soils is sensitive to the detection of contaminants when the organic concentration is high. On the other hand, the organic content can be determined providing that the total volume of fluid in the pores is known. The detection limits of organics in soils are discussed. Finally, a contamination process is monitored with GPR at the frequency of 1 GHz in a laboratory cell. The results show that organic contaminants are easily detected in dry sand, yet detection becomes very difficult in wet sand.
Prediction of postpartum depression by sociodemographic, obstetric and psychological factors: A prospective study (2008)

The optimum psychological predictor is prepartum depression, and other psychological measures appear to bring no significant additional predictive power.
The Solvent Requirements for Vapex Recovery (1995)

Abstract In both SAGD and VAPEX, recovery agents are introduced into the reservoir and these displace oil to horizontal wells located at the base. In each process it is desirable to inject at a pressure equal to or slightly below the pressure of the surrounding reservoir, so as to prevent flow of fluids to outside the recovery pattern. The pressure in the recovery pattern is reduced by allowing production to draw vapour almost to the production well. The recovery agent that is produced is liquid (water condensate or dissolved solvent). This agent is separated and recycled. The recycled quantity is about 2–6 tonnes per tonne (t/t) of produced oil for SAGD and 0.3–0.5 t/t for VAPEX. Recycle is much simpler for VAPEX. The pore volume that contained the produced oil becomes filled with recovery agent either vaporized (steam or solvent vapour) or liquid (water or dissolved solvent). The net requirement of recovery agent is equal to the make-up supplied to the system to maintain operation. For VAPEX, it is this quantity of solvent that determines the net cumulative solvent-to-oil ratio (NCSOR) before blowdown. Subsequently, during blowdown, a considerable fraction of this net solvent is recovered. At one extreme the NCSOR is the weight of the solvent vapour that has the same volume as the produced oil. This is usually very small, e.g. 0.02 tonnes of propane per tonne of produced oil. At the other extreme it is the weight of the corresponding volume of liquid solvent and this is much larger, e.g. about 0.5 tonnes of propane per tonne of oil. In practice the solvent in the reservoir is partly vaporized and partly dissolved in the draining liquid and, as a result, the NCSOR lies between the two extremes. In this paper, this situation is analyzed and experimental results from scaled-model studies are presented. These results show that, with propane as solvent, NCSOR values of about 0.1 to 0.2 may be expected in practice. This range of values corresponds to about 20–30% of the net solvent make-up remaining in the form of vapour.
Pancreatic Phospholipase A <sub>2</sub> : Isolation of the Human Gene and cDNAs from Porcine Pancreas and Human Lung (1986)

Oligonucleotide probes synthesized using the published protein sequence for porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2; Puijk et al., 1977), were used to screen a cDNA library made from porcine pancreas. One resulting clone which encoded the entire porcine PLA2 enzyme was then used to screen various human cDNA and gene libraries. A 562-bp cDNA clone from human lung and two overlapping genomic clones encoding the identical transcript were obtained. These clones encoded a 126-residue peptide corresponding to human "pancreatic" PLA2. The gene spanned 4.9 kb and contained three introns of 1692, 800, and about 2650 bases, respectively. Hybridization of the human cDNA against blots of total human DNA detected the same set of fragments contained in both genomic clones and failed to detect more than one distinct gene. Under equivalent conditions, the same probe detected two discrete bands in cobra (Naja naja) genomic DNA. Apparently, there is a single or small number of identical human genes encoding "pancreatic" PLA2 which are transcribed also in lung tissue; human pancreatic PLA2 appeared more closely related at the nucleotide level to snake counterparts than to other reported human PLA2 enzyme forms.
In Situ Observations of Ice Particle Losses in a Young Persistent Contrail (2018)

Abstract We describe results of in situ observations of a 1‐ to 2‐min‐old contrail in the vortex phase generated from soot‐rich exhaust (>10 15 emitted soot particles per kilogram of fuel burned). Simultaneous measurements of soot (EI soot ) and apparent ice (AEI ice ) particle number emission indices show a pronounced anticorrelation in the vertical contrail profile. AEI ice decrease by about 75% with increasing distance below the contrail‐producing aircraft, while EI soot increase by an equivalent relative fraction, therefore strongly suggesting ice particle formation to be soot‐controlled and losses to be caused by sublimation. Quantifying these losses in measurements helps to validate and improve contrail parameterizations used to estimate the climate impact of contrails and contrail cirrus. Our study further demonstrates the challenges in the performance and interpretation of particle measurements in young contrails and lends itself to suggestions for improving contrail data evaluation.
Design and Implementation of Scientific Collaborative Editing Environment on Chemistry (2009)

Scientific collaboration is becoming more and more important in the e-science. As real-time collaborative editing allows geographically distributed users edit a same document synchronously, it could be one of the effective ways to support scientific collaboration. We designed a Scientific Collaborative Editing Environment (SCEE) so as to apply the real-time collaborative editing to the scientific collaboration. In the SCEE, we proposed a mechanism of transforming the editing operation to command and an editor extension point, which changed a legacy single-user scientific editor to a collaborative multi-user editor conveniently. Further more, after investigating the special requirements in chemistry collaboration, we developed a prototype of SCEE on chemistry, which integrated 2D collaborative molecular editor and a 3D collaborative molecular editor. The results show that this prototype makes the chemical collaboration more efficient and convenient, and following developers could develop other scientific collaborative editors more easily.
Competitive and noncompetitive NMDA antagonists induce similar limbic degeneration (1994)

Neural degeneration was observed in a similar set of limbic structures following the continuous administration of several NMDA antagonists (phencyclidine, dizocilpine, and LY235959). The earliest signs involved terminals and processes, followed by cell bodies. In retrosplenial cortex the predominant staining showed a distribution very similar to that observed for cholinergic innervations. Considerable degeneration was also observed in entorhinal cortex and its principal output, dentate gyrus of hippocampus, and in olfactory regions such as olfactory tubercle and tenia tecta, and in piriform cortex. These results, when considered together with those from studies of glucose metabolism following NMDA antagonists, suggest that a hypermetabolic circuit was involved, and indicate that both competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists can induce these effects.
Design and Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides against Sporogonic-Stage Parasites Causing Murine Malarias (2002)

Insects produce several types of peptides to combat a broad spectrum of invasive pathogenic microbes, including protozoans. However, despite this defense response, infections are often established. Our aim was to design novel peptides that produce high rates of mortality among protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, the malaria parasites. Using existing antimicrobial peptide sequences as templates, we designed and synthesized three short novel hybrids, designated Vida1 to Vida3. Each has a slightly different predicted secondary structure. The peptides were tested against sporogonic stages of the rodent malaria parasites Plasmodium berghei (in vitro and in vivo) and P. yoelii nigeriensis (in vitro). The level of activity varied for each peptide and according to the parasite stage targeted. Vida3 (which is predicted to have large numbers of beta sheets and coils but no alpha helices) showed the highest level of activity, killing the early sporogonic stages in culture and causing highly significant reductions in the prevalence and intensity of infection of P. berghei after oral administration or injection in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. The secondary structures of these peptides may play a crucial role in their ability to interact with and kill sporogonic forms of the malaria parasite.
Losing our Heads (2014)

This introductory chapter presents Julia Kristeva's interpretation of decapitation in the story of a living woman with a severed head who always wore a red ribbon around her neck to conceal her decapitation from her husband. Kristeva links the figure of decapitation to the separation of the infant from the mother in weaning. Since this separation is enjoined by the Oedipal or paternal law, decapitation also mirrors the Lacanian understanding of castration as an entrance into the universal, where the adoption of the signifier entails a renunciation of jouissance, or the complete commensurability of individual desire to desideratum. In addition, Kristeva argues that a productive use of the imagination, through the aesthetic image or aesthetic activity, can also help the child create a singular “head” or self.
Asymmetric photonic resonances in GaN slab waveguide for mid infrared selective filters (2014)

We demonstrate a spectrally selective reflector that exploits asymmetric photonic resonances of a 1D photonic crystal. The proposed spectrally selective reflector has a very simple structure - essentially just a single high-index slab of GaN, properly perforated, and supported by a transparent sapphire substrate. With the proper 1D array design, nearly 100% reflection is achieved with a narrow spectral width between 10 cm⁻¹ - 18 cm⁻¹, while the background reflection remains low across the entire mid-IR range. The reflection peak can be tuned over a large wavelength span based on physical parameters. Resonant transmission dips in the experimentally measured spectra corroborate the device theory and simulation, exhibiting the narrowband low-background mid-IR reflection as predicted.
Multicomponent <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>* mapping of knee cartilage: Technical feasibility ex vivo (2010)

Disorganization of collagen fibers is a sign of early-stage cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritic knees. Water molecules trapped within well-organized collagen fibrils would be sensitive to collagen alterations. Multicomponent effective transverse relaxation (T2*) mapping with ultrashort echo time acquisitions is here proposed to probe short T(2) relaxations in those trapped water molecules. Six human tibial plateau explants were scanned on a 3T MRI scanner using a home-developed ultrashort echo time sequence with echo times optimized via Monte Carlo simulations. Time constants and component intensities of T2* decays were calculated at individual pixels, using the nonnegative least squares algorithm. Four T2*-decay types were found: 99% of cartilage pixels having mono-, bi-, or nonexponential decay, and 1% showing triexponential decay. Short T2* was mainly in 1-6 ms, while long T2* was ∼ 22 ms. A map of decay types presented spatial distribution of these T2* decays. These results showed the technical feasibility of multicomponent T2* mapping on human knee cartilage explants.