gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stochastic System and Control Theory (1976)

This contribution gives an introduction to stochastic system and control theory. The aim of the paper is to provide some insight into the basic approaches in these fields, and to give an idea of the sort of problems that can be tackled and solved. The paper is entirely expository. A number of examples are quoted, which are intended to be suggestive for application of the theory in the social sciences. No claim is made that these examples taken together are in any sense complete or even representative as regards the potential applicability of stochastic system and control theory in the social sciences. No more it is claimed that the bibliography is complete.KeywordsDecision MakerStochastic SystemMarkov Decision ProcessDifferential GameDynamic GameThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Spatially Shaped Laser Pulses for the Simultaneous Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as well as Positive and Negative Inorganic Ions in Single Particle Mass Spectrometry (2019)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic organic trace components in atmospheric aerosols that have impacts on climate and human health. They are bound to airborne particles and transported over long distances. Observations of their distribution, transport pathways, and degradation are crucial for risk assessment and mitigation. Such estimates would benefit from online detection of PAHs along with analysis of the carrying particles to identify the source. Typically, laser desorption/ionization (LDI) in a bipolar mass spectrometer reveals the inorganic constituents and provides limited molecular information. In contrast, two-step ionization approaches produce detailed PAH mass spectra from individual particles but without the source-specific inorganic composition. Here we report a new technique that yields the single-particle PAH composition along with both positive and negative inorganic ions via LDI. Thus, the complete particle characterization and source apportionment from conventional bipolar LDI-analysis becomes possible, combined with a detailed PAH spectrum for the same particle. The key idea of the method is spatiotemporal matching of the ionization laser pulse to the transient component distribution in the particle plume after laser desorption. The technique is robust and field-deployable with only slightly higher costs and complexity compared to two-step approaches. We demonstrate its capability to reveal the PAH-distribution on different particle types in combustion aerosols and ambient air.
Tetracyclines Specifically Target the Apicoplast of the Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2006)

Tetracyclines are effective but slow-acting antimalarial drugs whose mechanism of action remains uncertain. To characterize the antimalarial mechanism of tetracyclines, we evaluated their stage-specific activities, impacts on parasite transcription, and effects on two predicted organelle targets, the apicoplast and the mitochondrion, in cultured Plasmodium falciparum. Antimalarial effects were much greater after two 48-h life cycles than after one cycle, even if the drugs were removed at the end of the first cycle. Doxycycline-treated parasites appeared morphologically normal until late in the second cycle of treatment but failed to develop into merozoites. Doxycycline specifically impaired the expression of apicoplast genes. Apicoplast morphology initially appeared normal in the presence of doxycycline. However, apicoplasts were abnormal in the progeny of doxycycline-treated parasites, as evidenced by a block in apicoplast genome replication, a lack of processing of an apicoplast-targeted protein, and failure to elongate and segregate during schizogeny. Replication of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and mitochondrial morphology appeared normal. Our results demonstrate that tetracyclines specifically block expression of the apicoplast genome, resulting in the distribution of nonfunctional apicoplasts into daughter merozoites. The loss of apicoplast function in the progeny of treated parasites leads to a slow but potent antimalarial effect.
Protective Relaying: Theory and Applications (1994)

Targeting the latest microprocessor technologies for more sophisticated applications in the field of power system short circuit detection, this revised and updated source imparts fundamental concepts and breakthrough science for the isolation of faulty equipment and minimization of damage in power system apparatus. The Second Edition clearly describes key procedures, devices, and elements crucial to the protection and control of power system function and stability. It includes chapters and expertise from the most knowledgeable experts in the field of protective relaying, and describes micropro
Streptolysin S activation by lipoteichoic acid (1981)

Lipoteichoic acid from streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus both activated membrane-bound precursor streptolysin S and induced the formation of extracellular streptolysin S. Lipoteichoic acid could replace other substances, such as yeast ribonucleic acid core, that act as carriers for hemolysin but which are not components of the streptococcus or the host. Lipoteichoic acid may play a role as the physiological carrier of streptolysin S to host tissues.
Massive parallel gene expression profiling of RINm5F pancreatic islet β‐cells stimulated with interleukin‐1β (2000)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with the potential to kill pancreatic beta-cells, and this unique property is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes mellitus. We therefore determined the quantitative expression of 24,000 mRNAs of RINm5F, an insulinoma cell line derived from rat pancreatic beta-cells, before and after challenge with 30 and 1,000 pg/ml of recombinant human IL-1beta. The highest concentration resulted in decreased insulin production and cell death over a period of 4 days. Using three different time points, 2, 4 and 24 hours after challenge, we found that 146 full-length genes and a large number of expressed sequence tags were differentially regulated 3-fold or more. Most of the differentially regulated transcripts have not previously been described to be regulated by IL-1beta in beta-cells. We have analysed the expression data and sorted the genes into groups according to functional relations on the basis of knowledge of the structure or function ascribed to the individual genes. Many of the differentially regulated genes are known to play a role in immune- and stress-related pathways as well as in insulin secretion and vesicle trafficking, e.g. alpha-endosulfine and K+ channel Kir6.2 are differentially regulated. A number of transcripts in the biosynthesis pathway for cholesterol are also differentially regulated.
High-performance electronic cooling with superconducting tunnel junctions (2016)

When biased at a voltage just below a superconductor's energy gap, a tunnel junction between this superconductor and a normal metal cools the latter. While the study of such devices has long been focused to structures of submicron size and consequently cooling power in the picowatt range, we have led a thorough study of devices with a large cooling power up to the nanowatt range. Here we describe how their performance can be optimized by using a quasi-particle drain and tuning the cooling junctions' tunnel barrier.
Theory of current-induced dynamics in molecular-scale devices (2006)

We develop a theoretical framework for the study of inelastic resonant transport and current-driven dynamics in molecular nanodevices. Our approach combines a Born-Oppenheimer solution of the coordinate-, energy-, and voltage-dependent self-energy with a time-dependent scattering solution of the vibrational dynamics. The formalism is applied to two classic problems in current-triggered dynamics. As a simple example of bound-bound events in the nuclear subspace we study the problem of current-induced oscillations in Au-C60-Au heterojunctions. As a well-studied example of bound-free events in the nuclear subspace we revisit the problem of scanning-tunneling-microscopy-triggered H-atom desorption from a Si(100) surface. Our numerical results are supported by a simple analytically soluble model.
The Preparation of Several N-Substituted and N,N-Disubstituted Ferrocenesulfonamides (1982)

Abstract Several N-mono and N,N-disubstituted ferrocene-sulfonamides were prepared from ferrocene via ferrocenesulfonyl chloride. It was found that modification of the usual two-step procedure allowed synthesis of ferrocenesulfonyl chloride directly from ferrocene. All attempts to hydrolyze N,N-dimethylferrocenesulfonamide met with failure.
ASC: an associative-computing paradigm (1994)

Today's increased computing speeds allow conventional sequential machines to effectively emulate associative computing techniques. We present a parallel programming paradigm called ASC (ASsociative Computing), designed for a wide range of computing engines. Our paradigm has an efficient associative-based, dynamic memory-allocation mechanism that does not use pointers. It incorporates data parallelism at the base level, so that programmers do not have to specify low-level sequential tasks such as sorting, looping and parallelization. Our paradigm supports all of the standard data-parallel and massively parallel computing algorithms. It combines numerical computation (such as convolution, matrix multiplication, and graphics) with nonnumerical computing (such as compilation, graph algorithms, rule-based systems, and language interpreters). This article focuses on the nonnumerical aspects of ASC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Incus-Body Driving Type Piezoelectric Middle Ear Implant Design and Evaluation in 3D Computational Model and Temporal Bone (2014)

A new incus-body driving type transducer relying on piezoelectric stack, with broad frequency bandwidth, is proposed for use in a middle ear implant. To aid the design process of this transducer, a coupling biomechanical model of the human middle ear and the piezoelectric transducer was established by reverse engineering technology. The validity of this model was confirmed by comparing model predicted motions with experimental measurements. Based on this verified biomechanical model, the main parameters of the transducer were determined. And its power consumption was calculated. Finally, to verify the capability of the designed piezoelectric transducer, a human temporal bone experimental platform was built. And the dynamic characteristics and the stimulated performance of the piezoelectric transducer were tested. The result showed that stapes displacement stimulated by the transducer excitation at 10.5 V RMS was equivalent to that from acoustic stimulation at 100 dB SPL, which is an adequate stimulation to the ossicular chain. The corresponding power consumption is 0.31 mW per volt of excitation at 1 kHz, which is low enough for the transducer to be used in a middle ear implant. Besides, this transducer demonstrates high performance at high frequencies.
A semi-automatic assembly sequence planner (2003)

To assist the user in determining feasible assembly sequences, an assembly sequence planner has been developed and implemented. With the aid of this planner, the user first groups the parts of the product into subassemblies and clusters. Next, the feasible sequences for each group are determined. A feasible sequence consists of valid assemblies and valid assembly actions only. An assembly is valid if it is accessible to the part to be assembled. These criteria, stability and accessibility, are used by the sequence planner to check whether an assembly sequence is feasible. The user may always overrule the result of these checks, and can thus direct the planning process. The basic algorithms that the planner uses and implementation results are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Depression, Disability Days, and Days Lost From Work in a Prospective Epidemiologic Survey (1990)

We describe the relationship of depression and depressive symptoms to disability days and days lost from work in 2980 participants in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study in North Carolina after 1 year of follow-up. Compared with asymptomatic individuals, persons with major depression had a 4.78 times greater risk of disability (95% confidence interval, 1.64 to 13.88), and persons with minor depression with mood disturbance, but not major depression, had a 1.55 times greater risk (95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 2.40). Because of its prevalence, individuals with minor depression were associated with 51% more disability days in the community than persons with major depression. This group was also at increased risk of having a concomitant anxiety disorder or developing major depression within 1 year. We conclude that the threshold for identifying clinically significant depression may need to be reevaluated to include persons with fewer symptoms but measurable morbidity. Only by changing our nosology can the societal impact of depression be adequately addressed.
Topical Nonsteroidal Agents and Corneal Wound Healing (1990)

The effects on corneal wound healing of two topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, flurbiprofen sodium (0.03%) and diclofenac sodium (0.1%), and the topical corticosteroid, prednisolone sodium phosphate (1%), were evaluated in masked, controlled rabbit studies. Healing of epithelial scrape wounds was significantly retarded in all three treatment groups for the first 3 days after wounding. There was no difference in the epithelial healing rate between the two nonsteroidal or corticosteroid treatment groups. Clinical grading of epithelial quality, conjunctival hyperemia, keratitis, stromal edema, and corneal haze were similar in all groups. There was a significant early decrease in the iritis score in the diclofenac treatment group. The strength of 2-mm central penetrating corneal trephination wounds and the collagen content of these wounds were similar in all groups. Both the topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and the corticosteroid used in the preparations and dosages investigated in this study decreased early epithelialization of scrape wounds but had no apparent effect on corneal stromal healing. No toxic effects of the various drugs were found.
Dual‐polarized microstrip array with high isolation and low cross‐polarization (1991)

Abstract A 2 × 2 dual‐polarized microstrip array antenna with high isolation between the two input ports and low cross‐polarization level has been developed. The technical background for this achievement and antenna performance results are presented.
[New 5'-sulfurated nucleosides as inhibitors of the biosynthesis of polyamines]. (1980)

The inhibitory effect of the deaminated analogs of S-adenosyl(5')-3-methylthiopropylamine on spermidine synthase (EC 2.5.1.16.) from E. coli, AdoMet decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50.) from human placenta and E. coli and AdoMet lyase (EC 3.3.1.-) from rat liver have been reported. 5'-isobutylthioadenosine, a new powerful antiproliferative drug has been assayed as substrate of MTA phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1). The apparent Km is 1,8x10(-5) M. The inhibitory effect of 5'-isobutylthiadenosine on AdoMet lyase and spermidine synthase was also demonstrated.
A 4.0/7.5-GHz dual-band LC VCO in 0.18-&#x03BC;m SiGe BiCMOS technology (2013)

This letter presents a low phase noise BiCMOS dual-band voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The designed circuit consists of a dual-resonance LC resonator and a Colpitts negative resistance cell. The dual-resonance LC resonator comprises a series-tuned LC resonator and a parallel resonant resonator. The proposed VCO has been implemented with the TSMC 0.18 μm SiGe 3P6M BiCMOS process. The VCO can generate differential signals in the frequency range of 3.91~4.17 GHz and 7.24~7.80GHz with core power consumption is 6.30mW and 5.88mW at the dc bias of 1.4 V respectively. At 4.0 GHz and 7.74 GHz, phase noise at 1MHz offset is -121.13dBc/Hz and -115.87dBc/GHz respectively. The die area of the dual-band VCO is 0.485×0.800 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Optical transformation of a CdTe quantum dot-based paper sensor for a visual fluorescence immunoassay induced by dissolved silver ions (2016)

This work designs a simple low-cost visual fluorescence immunoassay for disease-related biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA, used as a model protein) in biological fluids, based on the structural and optical transformation of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) immobilized on paper induced by dissolved silver ions (Ag<sup>+</sup>) from silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via a cation-exchange reaction. A sandwich-type immunoreaction was initially carried out in a removable polystyrene high-binding microplate coated with monoclonal anti-CEA capture antibody by using AgNP-labeled polyclonal anti-CEA antibody as the detection antibody. Thereafter, the carried AgNPs accompanying the sandwiched immunocomplexes were dissolved by acid to release numerous silver ions, which induced the ion-exchange reaction with the immobilized CdTe QDs on the paper (attached onto the microplate lid) for the Cd-to-Ag transformation, thus resulting in the quenching of the visual fluorescence from the CdTe QDs owing to Ag<sub>2</sub>Te formation. Under optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensity decreased with the increasing CEA concentration from 0.02 to 50 ng mL<sup>-1</sup> with a detection limit of 5.6 pg mL<sup>-1</sup>. Further, a visual assay based on a CdTe QD-based paper sensor was developed for CEA detection, and 5.0 pg mL<sup>-1</sup> CEA could be discriminated with the naked eye. In addition, our strategy displayed high specificity, good reproducibility and acceptable accuracy for analyzing human serum specimens with consistent results obtained using the commercialized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on a Liquid-Crystalline Polymeric Semiconductor using SU-8 Gate Dielectrics onFlexible Substrates (2014)

In this work, the insulating properties of poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) and SU-8 (MicroChem, Westborough, MA, USA) dielectrics are analyzed and compared with each other. We further investigate the performance behavior of organic field-effect transistors based on a semiconducting liquid-crystal polymer (LCP) using both dielectric materials and evaluate the results regarding the processability. Due to the lower process temperature needed for the SU-8 deposition, the realization of organic transistors on flexible substrates is demonstrated showing comparable charge carrier mobilities to devices using PVP on glass. In addition, a µ-dispensing procedure of the LCP on SU-8 is presented, improving the switching behavior of the organic transistors, and the promising stability data of the SU-8/LCP stack are verified after storing the structures for 60 days in ambient air showing negligible irreversible degradation of the organic semiconductor.
Visually Grounded Neural Syntax Acquisition (2019)

We present the Visually Grounded Neural Syntax Learner (VG-NSL), an approach for learning syntactic representations and structures without explicit supervision. The model learns by looking at natural images and reading paired captions. VG-NSL generates constituency parse trees of texts, recursively composes representations for constituents, and matches them with images. We define the concreteness of constituents by their matching scores with images, and use it to guide the parsing of text. Experiments on the MSCOCO data set show that VG-NSL outperforms various unsupervised parsing approaches that do not use visual grounding, in terms of F 1 scores against gold parse trees. We find that VG-NSL is much more stable with respect to the choice of random initialization and the amount of training data. We also find that the concreteness acquired by VG-NSL correlates well with a similar measure defined by linguists. Finally, we also apply VG-NSL to multiple languages in the Multi30K data set, showing that our model consistently outperforms prior unsupervised approaches.
Using Defect Analysis Feedback for Improving Quality and Productivity in Iterative Software Development (2006)

In today's business where speed is of essence, an iterative development approach that allows the functionality to be delivered in parts has become a necessity and an effective way to manage risks. Iterative development allows feedback from an iteration to influence decisions in future iterations, thereby making software development more responsive to changing user and business needs. In this paper we discuss the role of defect analysis as a feedback mechanism to improve the quality and productivity in an iteratively developed software project. We discuss how analysis of defects found in one iteration can provide feedback for defect prevention in later iterations, leading to quality and productivity improvement. We give an example of its use and benefits on a commercial project.
A MAGNETIC PAVEMENT MARKING AND SENSOR SYSTEM FOR LATERAL CONTROL/GUIDANCE OF VEHICLES (1995)

This paper describes a magnetic marking system designed to provide lateral location information of a vehicle on a road. The system is comprised of a magnetic pavement marking tape and a magneto-resistive sensor. The system is described along with a concept demonstration experiment. Potential applications for the system are also discussed.
Methane Conversion to Higher Hydrocarbons by UV Irradiation (2008)

The potential for using UV photolysis to convert methane to higher hydrocarbons with high yields was demonstrated with a radio-frequency- (RF-) powered Kr/Ar discharge lamp (λ = 116.5 and 123.6 nm, flux = 3.3 × 1014 photons/s) at pressures of 47 and 93 kPa and at ambient temperature. The highest conversion was 39%. Photon yields for carbon−carbon bond formation were as high as 4.5. The main reaction products were hydrogen, ethane, propane, and n- and i-butane, but smaller amounts of ethylene and higher alkanes were also detected. The hydrocarbon products followed a Flory distribution.
‘It's a free country’: Bharati Mukherjee's vision of Hybridity in the metropolis (1996)

(1996). ‘It's a free country’: Bharati Mukherjee's vision of Hybridity in the metropolis. Wasafiri: Vol. 12, No. 24, pp. 18-21.
The Utilization of Technetium-99m CPI as a Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Agent in Exercise Studies (1987)

Myocardial perfusion imaging with Tc-99m carbomethoxyisopropylisonitrile (CPI) was compared with Tl-201 imaging in 22 patients who were assessed for coronary artery disease. There was agreement between Tc-99m CPI and Tl-201 imaging for detecting segmental myocardial ischemia and fixed defects in 185/198 (93%) of left ventricular segments. There was also an excellent correlation between the two tracers for the detection of coronary artery disease (18/22 patients). Myocardial clearance of the isonitrile complex was slow, and there was no redistribution into ischemic regions; the normal to ischemic myocardial ratio remained relatively constant over time. Reinjection at rest was used to distinguish transient ischemia from infarction. The isonitrile complex was excreted rapidly via the hepatobiliary system. After 3 hours, background activity was reduced to about 20% of the initial activity. Tc-99m CPI appears comparable to Tl-201 thallous chloride for detecting coronary artery disease. Tc-99m CPI may be useful as a myocardial imaging agent because there is no myocardial redistribution, myocardial clearance is slow, and clearance from background tissues is rapid.