gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-frequency fully differential filter using operational amplifiers without common-mode feedback (1989)

A technique for realizing a fully differential filter using an operational amplifier (op amp) without common-mode feedback (CMFB) is presented. This technique results in a smaller area, a reduced power dissipation, and an improved speed and dynamic range of the filter. Experimental results of a biquad switched-capacitor bandpass filter with a center frequency of 3.5 MHz and a Q of 24 are presented. The op amp has an open-loop unity-gain bandwidth of 230 MHz, a phase margin greater than 50 degrees , and a DC gain of 76 dB. The prototype filter occupies only 0.26 mm/sup 2/ and dissipates 6 mW with a 5-V supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A high-resolution rapid-scan antenna (1961)

An electronically scanned antenna array is described . It consists of a broadside array of seven Yagi elements spaced 1.4 wavelengths apart. Each element antenn a is connected to a preamplifier-converter. Each conver ter is connected to a local oscillator differing by 20 cis from that connected to the converter for the adj acent clement. All oscillators are locked in phase. The converter outputs are co nnected to a common IF amplifi er. This arrangement produces a 5.8-degree-wide beam swept over a 41. 8-degree azimuth sector at a rate of 20 scans per second. The system operates at 40.92 Mc/s. The output of the system is displayed on an oscill oscope, and data on the direction of arrival and character of a distant VHF signal are presented vis ually.
Composite solid armature consolidation by pulse power processing: a novel homopolar generator application in EML technology (1989)

Graded electrical resistance and assured sliding contact are among the desirable characteristics for the solid armatures used in railguns attainable through the use of composite materials. Metal-metal, metal-ceramic, and metal-polymer composites are generic types of potential solid armature materials. The authors describe the production of these composites by a novel experimental approach that uses a homopolar generator in a pulse-powered materials consolidation system. The processing of copper-tungsten and aluminium-alumina composites is used to demonstrate versatility of the homopolar generator as a materials processing tool. Powder metallurgy and laminate bonding approaches have been utilized. Composite solid armature materials have been consolidated with subsecond high-temperature exposure. Densification in the solid state proceeds by a warm/hot forging mechanism, and fully dense composites are obtained by a combined application of pressure and a controlled energy input.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Leuconostoc oenos sp.nov. (1967)

SUMMARY: Nineteen strains of Gram-positive cocci isolated from wine and belonging to the genus Leuconostoc were examined and are considered to form a new species which is named Leuconostoc oenos. These strains differ from other leuconostocs because they grow better in a medium containing tomato juice than in yeast glucose citrate broth normally used in this laboratory for the genus. Furthermore, they grow well in media in which the pH value is too acid for other Leuconostoc species to initiate growth. The cultures of L. oenos do not form dextran from sucrose. They form acid from fructose, glucose, trehalose and aesculin, generally from melibiose and salicin. They may form acid from arabinose, xylose, galactose, mannose and cellobiose, but not from lactose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, dextrin, glycerol, mannitol or sorbitol.
Return Instruction Analysis and Optimization in Dynamic Binary Translation (2009)

Dynamic binary translation (DBT) is widely re-searched and used to support legacy binary code, provide program instrumentation, improve code performance, and so on. The performance of a DBT system is always an essential issue. And a major source of over-head is the execution of the indirect branch in source code, because it requires extra instructions to resolve the target address. In this paper, we present an improved return cache scheme with relative low overhead to handle the return instruction, the most important form of indirect branch. On dealing with the source return instruction, the overhead caused by our method is only 1%~4% to the native execution for most SPEC CPU2000 INT benchmarks (2.5% on average), which is acceptable in a DBT system.
Predicting fault-prone components in a java legacy system (2006)

This paper reports on the construction and validation of faultproneness prediction models in the context of an object-oriented, evolving, legacy system. The goal is to help QA engineers focus their limited verification resources on parts of the system likely to contain faults. A number of measures including code quality, class structure, changes in class structure, and the history of class-level changes and faults are included as candidate predictors of class fault-proneness. A cross-validated classification analysis shows that the obtained model has less than 20% of false positives and false negatives, respectively. However, as shown in this paper, statistics regarding the classification accuracy tend to inflate the potential usefulness of the fault-proneness prediction models. We thus propose a simple and pragmatic methodology for assessing the costeffectiveness of the predictions to focus verification effort. On the basis of the cost-effectiveness analysis we show that change and fault data from previous releases is paramount to developing a practically useful prediction model. When our model is applied to predict faults in a new release, the estimated potential savings in verification effort is about 29%. In contrast, the estimated savings in verification effort drops to 0% when history data is not included.
3-D Magnetic Field and Torque Analysis of a Novel Halbach Array Permanent-Magnet Spherical Motor (2008)

We present a three-dimensional (3-D) torque model based on spherical harmonic functions of a Halbach array permanent-magnet (PM) spherical motor. Using the torque model, we show how to realize three-degree-of-freedom motion. We compare the Halbach array PM spherical motor and the conventional parallel magnet array spherical motor in terms of spherical harmonic component and amplitude of the torque. We discuss our study of variations of air-gap magnetic field with parallel magnetization directions along different spatial positions in each magnet segment. We also discuss the parasitic effect of the proposed spherical Halbach array magnet. We have verified our results by finite-element method.
The leafhoppers and froghoppers of Australia and New Zealand (Homoptera: Cicadelloidea and Cercopoidea) (1966)

Although the insect faunas of Australia and New Zealand are of remarkable interest, there are very few works which deal in a comprehensive fashion with particular groups. Neither are there, with few exceptions, and these relate especially to certain families of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, reliably named collections available in Australia or New Zealand, which are in any way representative. This means that insect identification within Australia and New Zealand may present considerable difficulties unless insects are well known, or belong to groups being studied by an experienced and helpful specialist.
A dual-energy linac cargo inspection system (2011)

X-ray inspection systems for cargo containers, capable of performing Z analysis, are an actively evolving type of equipment for cargo inspections [1–3]. A linear electron accelerator with fast energy tuning, operating in the mode of interlacing low- and high-energy electron pulses, has been developed for use in such a system. The output electron energy in this accelerator can vary in the range of 3–15 MeV under software control. An X-ray radiographic image of a container is obtained in a monoenergetic mode with a beam energy of 9 MeV. Pulses with energies of 4 and 9 MeV are used to recognize materials inside a container (i.e., perform Z analysis). The standing-wave linear electron accelerator operates at a frequency of 2856 MHz, its pulse repetition frequency with different energies is 240 Hz, the pulse duration is 10 μs, and the beam energy in each pulse is >10 J.
유치원 수학 교육에 관한 문제점과 개선책 (1998)

본 연구는 한국 유치원의 수학 교육의 문제점을 분석하고, 유치원 교육의 문제에 대한 해결 방안을 찾는데 그 목적이 있다. 특히, 유아 수학 교육에서 사용되는 敎具에 대한 효과와 보유 현황에 대한 조사에서 현재 유치원 현장에서 근무하는 교사들의 가장 큰 애로점을 알 수 있었다. 교구의 효과가 다른 어느 때보다 절대적으로 영향을 미치는 유아의 시기에 풍부한 교구의 활용은 수학교육 뿐만 아니라 여러 방면에서 필요로 하고 있다. 그러나, 현실적으로 많은 부족함을 느끼며 얼마 안 되는 교구도 교사가 직접 제작해야하는 실정으로 되어 있어 교사들의 어려움을 더해주고 있다.
Human Saliva-Derived Exosomes (2014)

ExoQuick-TC(TM) (EQ), a chemical-based agent designed to precipitate exosomes, was calibrated for use on saliva collected from healthy individuals. The morphological and molecular features of the precipitations were compared with those obtained using the classical, physical-based method of ultracentrifugation (UC). Electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy with anti-CD63 showed vesicular nanoparticles surrounded by bi-layered membrane, compatible with exosomes in EQ, similar to that observed with UC. Atomic force microscopy highlighted larger, irregularly shaped/aggregated EQ nanoparticles that contrasted with the single, round-shaped UC nanoparticles. ELISA (performed on 0.5 ml of saliva) revealed a tendency for a higher expression of the specific exosomal markers (CD63, CD9, CD81) in EQ than in UC (p>0.05). ELISA for epithelial growth factor receptor, a non-exosomal-related marker, showed a significantly higher concentration in EQ than in UC (p=0.04). Western blotting of equal total-protein concentrations revealed bands of CD63, CD9 and CD81 in both types of preparations, although they were less pronounced in EQ compared with UC. This may be related to a higher fraction of non-exosomal proteins in EQ. In conclusion, EQ is suitable and efficient for precipitation of salivary exosomes from small volumes of saliva; however, EQ tends to be associated with considerably more biological impurities (non-exosomal-related proteins/microvesicles) as compared with UC.
Blocking HES1 Expression Initiates GABAergic Differentiation and Induces the Expression of p21CIP1/WAF1 in Human Neural Stem Cells (2002)

Mammalian neural stem cells can develop into a variety of neuronal and glial cell types. This involves a highly coordinated process of differentiation in which the Notch signaling pathway and the system of helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcriptional regulators play a key role. By exercising control over proliferation, initiation of differentiation, neurite outgrowth, and synaptogenesis, the network of HLH transcription factors regulates the fate of neural stem cells and progenitors. Here we show that the HLH transcription factor HES1 regulates the proliferation of human neural stem cells and that blocking its expression stimulates the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(CIP1/WAF1). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the suppression of HES1 expression initiates differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons, the majority of which develop the GABAergic phenotype. These findings underscore the importance of the HLH network, and HES1 in particular, in guiding the phenotypic development of neural stem cells.
KINETICS OF BLOOD‐BRAIN BARRIER TRANSPORT OF PYRUVATE, LACTATE AND GLUCOSE IN SUCKLING, WEANLING AND ADULT RATS (1979)

Abstract— The kinetics of the uptake from blood to brain of pyruvate, lactate and glucose have been determined in rats of different ages. The carotid artery single injection technique was used in animals anaesthetized with pentobarbital. The rates of influx for each substrate were determined over a range of concentrations for the different age‐groups. Data were analysed in terms of the Michaelis‐Menten equation with a component to allow for non‐saturable diffusion. Values are given for K m , V max and K d . In suckling rats (15‐21 days) the V max values for both pyruvate and lactate were 2.0 μmol g −1 min −1 . In 28‐day‐old rats the V max values had fallen to one‐half and in adults they were less than one‐tenth. K m , values were higher in the younger animals. The rate of glucose transport in suckling rats was half that of 28‐day‐old and adults although there was no difference with age in the K m values. The results are discussed in relation to the net flux of these substrates in and out of brain during different stages of post‐natal development.
Speaker selection for tandem-free operation VoIP conference bridges (2003)

A conventional voice-over-internet protocol (VoIP) conference bridge reduces the speech quality due to tandeming the mixed multi-speaker signal with high compression speech codecs. One solution is to select and forward the compressed signal(s) to the endpoints, where they are decoded and mixed. In such arrangements, speaker selection is usually accomplished with an order-based approach which prevents listeners from interrupting the current speaker(s). This paper presents an alternative in which talking privileges are assigned based on order of activity and signal power. Subjective evaluations indicate that speaker switching is smooth, nearly transparent, and unanimously preferred over a VoIP conference with tandemed connections.
Security of random data perturbation methods (1999)

Statistical databases often use random data perturbation (RDP) methods to protect against disclosure of confidential numerical attributes. One of the key requirements of RDP methods is that they provide the appropriate level of security against snoopers who attempt to obtain information on confidential attributes through statistical inference. In this study, we evaluate the security provided by three methods of perturbation. The results of this study allow the database administrator to select the most effective RDP method that assures adequate protection against disclosure of confidential information.
Loss of Fhit expression is a predictor of poor outcome in tongue cancer. (2001)

Abnormalities of FHIT, a candidate tumor suppressor gene located at 3pl4.2, have been found frequently in multiple tumor types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. To determine the role of FHIT in tongue cancers, Fhit expression was determined by immunohistochemistry studies in tissue samples from 41 patients with stages II-IV squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue. All of the patients underwent curative surgical treatment with a median of 83 months of follow-up care. We found that 28 (68%) of the 41 tumor specimens demonstrated a lack of or significantly decreased staining for Fhit. Fhit expression tended to be stronger in well-differentiated tumor areas than it was in poorly differentiated areas, although this trend was not statistically significant. There was no significant correlation between Fhit expression and a patient's age or sex or the histological grade or clinical stage of disease. As expected, clinical stage and nodal involvement correlated with prognosis. Interestingly, patients whose tumors demonstrated low levels of or no Fhit expression had a significantly shorter time of disease-free survival than those whose tumors had high Fhit expression (P = 0.035, by log-rank test). This prognostic value of Fhit was independent of other clinical parameters, including stage of disease and nodal status. We conclude that Fhit plays an important role in the development of squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue and that loss of Fhit expression may be an independent prognostic indicator for clinical outcome in patients with this tumor type.
Intranasal administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG protects mice from H1N1 influenza virus infection by regulating respiratory immune responses (2010)

We have demonstrated that probiotics might protect host animals from viral infection by stimulating immune responses in the respiratory tract.
Silicon-photonics-based wideband radar beamforming: basic design (2010)

Proposed is silicon-photonics-based phased array antenna beamforming for high-resolution long-range radars with wide instantaneous radio frequency (rf) bandwidth. Specifically, the proposed silicon-photonics beamformer platform offers the potential for cost-effective monolithic chip-scale integration of photonic delay lines, 2×2 optical switches, variable optical attenuators, and optical amplifiers that form the base unit of a rf transmit/receive array signal processor. In effect, the proposed silicon-photonics devices empower the design of a powerful proposed photonic beamformer with one time-delay unit per antenna element. Device-level designs studies are shown that promise meeting the high-resolution radar mission-critical requirements via time delays of up to 2.5 ns, switching times of less than 100 ns, optical isolations as good as 50 dB, and optical gains of up to 6 dB. Longer delays are achieved off chip using optical fibers.
Digital controller design for the pitch axis of the F-14 using an H/sup infinity / method (2003)

An H/sup infinity /-based control system design procedure is developed to produce a controller in which the closed-loop system is designed, using H/sup infinity / controller in which the closed-loop system is designed, using H/sup infinity / methods similar to those of H. Kwakernaak (1986), to be robust with respect to both disturbance rejection and insensitivity to parameter variations. The H/sup infinity / design approach is coupled with multicriterion optimization to design a pitch-axis controller for the F-14 aircraft, (a version of a benchmark problem). The authors design a discrete-time controller even though the benchmark is in continuous time. The benchmark, while specifying gain and phase margins, does not specify the expected ranges for the parameters of the plant. Estimates have been obtained of the reasonable ranges of parameter variations, which are checked against the design. The precompensator is used to shape the output response so as to cause the entire system to achieve the desired performance. The robustness of the angle-of-attack response under large parameter variations is examined. A satisfactory design has not yet been obtained. However, these intermediate results are thought to be of value in demonstrating the difficulty of the problem and the thought processes involved in trying to use H/sup infinity / methods to solve a realistic design problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Exploring and exploiting starch-modifying amylomaltases from thermophiles (2004)

Starch is a staple food present in water-insoluble granules in many economically important crops. It is composed of two glucose polymers: the linear alpha-1,4-linked amylose and amylopectin with a backbone of alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds and alpha-1,6-linked side chains. To dissolve starch completely in water it needs to be heated; when it cools down too much the starch solution forms a thermo-irreversible gel. Amylomaltases (EC 2.4.1.25) are enzymes that transfer a segment of an alpha-1,4-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or another alpha-1,4-D-glucan. Acting upon starch, amylomaltases can produce cycloamylose or a thermoreversible starch gel, both of which are of commercial interest.
Use of the CogState Brief Battery in the assessment of Alzheimer's disease related cognitive impairment in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study (2012)

The aim of this study was to validate the CogState Brief Battery, which assesses psychomotor, attentional, working memory, and visual learning functions, in healthy older people and in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), enrolled in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study. In healthy older adults, weak relationships between demographic variables (e.g., education, depression) and cognitive performance were observed. In AD and MCI groups, the magnitude of impairment was greatest for tasks of working memory and memory, with a negative influence of apolipoprotein E ϵ4 status on learning but not working memory. These results suggest that the CogState Brief Battery can be used to screen for AD-related cognitive changes.
Quantum-Sized Gold Clusters as Efficient Two-Photon Absorbers (2008)

The two-photon absorption properties of Au25 cluster has been investigated with the aid of two-photon excited fluorescence in the communication wavelength region with a cross-section of 2700 GM at 1290 nm. Additional visible fluorescence has been discovered for small gold clusters which is two-photon allowed (after excitation at 800 nm), and the absolute cross-section has been determined for gold clusters with number of gold atoms varying from 25 to all the way up to 2406 using one and two-photon excited time-resolved fluorescence upconversion measurements. Record high TPA cross-sections have been measured for quantum sized clusters making them suitable for two-photon imaging as well as other applications such as optical power limiting and lithography.
Nonlocal pseudopotentials in molecular-dynamical density-functional theory: Application to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1987)

Silicon dioxide is fundamental in geology, in the electronic materials industry, and in the glass industry. We have carried out an ab initio total energy minimization study of the structure and bonding of alpha cristobalite using nonlocal pseudopotentials in a Car-Parrinello--type molecular dynamical method. The electronic energy is expressed in the local-density approximation. The use of a separable nonlocal pseudopotential preserves the O(M lnM) scaling of the computation for M plane waves. The resulting theoretically computed minimum energy structure agrees well with experiment.
Face Hallucination via Convolution Neural Network (2016)

Deep learning methods have been successfully used in many areas of computer vision, including super resolution. However, all of the previous deep learning methods have been proposed for generic image super resolution. In this paper, we proposed to use convolutional neural network for face hallucination (FH) by combining the domain specific prior knowledge of face images and properties of deep learning. In the proposed method, an end to end mapping is learned as a deep convolutional network between the low resolution (LR) images and their corresponding high resolution (HR) images to upscale the input face image directly. In order to achieve larger magnification factor, we consider to cascade several convolution neural networks each of which is with a fixed up-scaling factor and upscales the LR image step by step. Experimental result shows that our proposed method can achieve better performance comparing to the traditional face hallucination methods.