gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma glutamate and glycine levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (2008)

Defective glutamate (Glu) metabolism and glutamate excitotoxicity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Glycine (Gly), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, has been shown to potentiate excitatory transmission. In the present study, the levels of Glu and Gly in fasting plasma were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 20 healthy volunteers and in 65 untreated ALS patients. Increased plasma Glu levels were observed in ALS (p=0.05), correlating with longer disease duration (p=0.03, beta=0.34) and male gender (p=0.02). Furthermore, the increase was found only in the spinal subtype of the disease (p=0.03), while in the bulbar subtype, no significant increase was noted. As regards plasma Gly, no difference was observed between patients and controls; however female patients had higher levels than males. The above results are compatible with the "glutamate hypothesis" of ALS and suggest that the spinal and bulbar-onset subtypes of the disease may be biochemically different.
MIRACLE MILEAGE. WE STILL DON'T BELIEVE IT (1980)

The Moleculetor Fuel Energizer Unit, a device to improve fuel economy developed by the Internal Energy Management Corporation, is described. The unit appears to be a solid piece of aluminum rod 1.5 inch in diameter with a hole drilled down the center. It comes in three lengths, depending on engine size, and has a 45-day money-back warranty. Prices range from $139.95 for the smallest unit to $395 for a diesel truck unit. The unit is installed in the main fuel supply line, as close to the gasoline tank as possible. An energy field reportedly rearranges the clumped structure of molecules in fuel into a more linear form, supposedly turning them into smaller, more burnable units and raising the BTU content. Using a 1979 Ford Econoline van with a V-8 engine and an automatic transmission, tests were conducted to determine the unit's effectiveness. Testing was also done with a 1979 Honda Accord, a 1980 Honda Civic, a 1972 Toyota Land Cruiser, and a 1970 Datsun 240Z. Results indicated that the unit does not significantly affect fuel economy nor emission levels.
Isolation of Bedsoniae from the Joints of Patients with Reiter's Syndrome. (1966)

SummaryStudies in 16 patients with Reiter's syndrome, consisting of arthritis, urethritis and/or conjunctivitis, suggest that bedsoniae (psittacosis-lymphogranuloma vene-reum-trachoma group of microorganisms) may play a role in arthritis in man. Attempts to isolate bedsoniae from synovial material or urethral and conjunctival scrapings from 8 patients were successful in 5 instances. Five of the 16 patients had significant complement-fixation liters against a psittacosis group antigen.
Study of a bus-based disruption-tolerant network: mobility modeling and impact on routing (2007)

We study traces taken from UMass DieselNet, a Disruption-Tolerant Network consisting of WiFi nodes attached to buses. As buses travel their routes, they encounter other buses and in some cases are able to establish pair-wise connections and transfer data between them. We analyze the bus-to-bus contact traces to characterize the contact process between buses and its impact on DTN routing performance. We find that the all-bus-pairs aggregated inter-contact times show no discernible pattern. However, the inter-contact times aggregated at a route level exhibit periodic behavior.Based on analysis of the deterministic inter-meeting times for bus pairs running on route pairs, and consideration of the variability in bus movement and the random failures to establish connections, we construct generative route-level models that capture the above behavior. Through trace-driven simulations of epidemic routing, we find that the epidemic performance predicted by traces generated with this finer-grained route-level model is much closer to the actual performance that would be realized in the operational system than traces generated using the coarse-grained all-bus-pairs aggregated model. This suggests the importance in choosing the rightlevel of model granularity when modelingmobility-related measures such as inter-contact times in DTNs.
Comparative Genome Analysis of Four Magnetotactic Bacteria Reveals a Complex Set of Group-Specific Genes Implicated in Magnetosome Biomineralization and Function (2007)

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a heterogeneous group of aquatic prokaryotes with a unique intracellular organelle, the magnetosome, which orients the cell along magnetic field lines. Magnetotaxis is a complex phenotype, which depends on the coordinate synthesis of magnetosomes and the ability to swim and orient along the direction caused by the interaction with the Earth's magnetic field. Although a number of putative magnetotaxis genes were recently identified within a conserved genomic magnetosome island (MAI) of several MTB, their functions have remained mostly unknown, and it was speculated that additional genes located outside the MAI might be involved in magnetosome formation and magnetotaxis. In order to identify genes specifically associated with the magnetotactic phenotype, we conducted comparisons between four sequenced magnetotactic Alphaproteobacteria including the nearly complete genome of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1, the complete genome of Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1, the complete genome of the magnetic coccus MC-1, and the comparative-ready preliminary genome assembly of Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum strain MS-1 against an in-house database comprising 426 complete bacterial and archaeal genome sequences. A magnetobacterial core genome of about 891 genes was found shared by all four MTB. In addition to a set of approximately 152 genus-specific genes shared by the three Magnetospirillum strains, we identified 28 genes as group specific, i.e., which occur in all four analyzed MTB but exhibit no (MTB-specific genes) or only remote (MTB-related genes) similarity to any genes from nonmagnetotactic organisms and which besides various novel genes include nearly all mam and mms genes previously shown to control magnetosome formation. The MTB-specific and MTB-related genes to a large extent display synteny, partially encode previously unrecognized magnetosome membrane proteins, and are either located within (18 genes) or outside (10 genes) the MAI of M. gryphiswaldense. These genes, which represent less than 1% of the 4,268 open reading frames of the MSR-1 genome, as yet are mostly of unknown functions but are likely to be specifically involved in magnetotaxis and, thus, represent prime targets for future experimental analysis.
Dispersion (1993)

The wave equation we discussed in chapter 9 has the special property that it allows a disturbance of arbitrary form to be propagated indefinitely as a travelling wave, without having its shape changed. We met several examples of such non-dispersive waves in chapter 10.
Sulphuric Acid Manufacture (2006)

The raw material for sulphuric acid manufacture is clean SO2 gas. It comes from (i) burning molten by-product sulphur; (ii) roasting or smelting metal sulphide concentrates, and (iii) decomposing contaminated organic chemical process sulphuric acid catalyst. Efficient gas cleaning is required for metallurgical and contaminated acid decomposition gases, especially the former. Sulphuric acid is made from SO2 gas by (i) oxidizing the SO2(g) to SO3(g) in contact with supported liquid-phase catalyst then (ii) reacting the resulting SO3(g) with the water component of 98.5 mass% H2SO4, 1.5 mass% H2O acid. This paper discusses the reasons for these process steps and indicates how acidmaking can be controlled and optimized. Special emphasis is placed on SO2(g) oxidation efficiency and how it is influenced by feed gas composition, feed gas temperature, catalyst composition, catalyst bed pressure, number of catalyst beds, and double versus single contact acidmaking. In addition, a review of various other treatment methods for SO2-bearing gases is provided. A brief description of each process is included along with commentary on their technical and economic applicability for use at metallurgical facilities. PART I: SULPHURIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM STRONG SO2 GAS Around 200 million metric tons of sulphuric acid is manufactured per year – most of it from strong SO2 (~10%) gas.1 South Africa produces and consumes around 3 million tons per year of sulphuric acid.2 A majority of the acid is used for making phosphate fertilizers, but it has a myriad of other uses. Raw Materials, Products The starting material for sulphuric acid manufacture is clean, dry SO2, 8 to 12% in O2, N2, SO2, CO2, SO3 gas. It is obtained: (a) by burning molten waste elemental sulphur (~70% of world production) (b) from high SO2 strength metallurgical off-gases (~20%) (c) by decomposing spent (used) sulphuric acid catalyst (~10%).
Wide-Bandwidth 60-GHz Aperture-Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) Fed by Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) (2011)

A wide-bandwidth aperture-coupled microstrip patch antenna (MPA) fed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is presented at V-band (60 GHz) to enhance the overall radiation efficiency. The antenna is designed using two different slot configurations with a simulated impedance bandwidth of 22% and gain up to 6.8 dB. Furthermore, the antennas show wideband radiation characteristics. The simulated radiation efficiency is better than 98% within the operating impedance bandwidth.
Fall speeds and masses of solid precipitation particles (1974)

Measurements have been made of the fall speeds and masses of a large number of different types of solid precipitation particles. Particular attention is paid to the effects of riming and aggregation on the fall speeds and masses. Empirical expressions are given for the relationships between fall speeds and maximum dimensions and between masses and maximum dimensions for the particles studied. The results are compared with other experimental observations when they exist.
Exploiting spectral variation from crop phenology for agricultural land-use classification (2005)

The mapping of agricultural-land use systems using single-date information has, in the past, met with limited success. Broad-band multi-spectral sensors have been used primarily for mapping of broad land cover types, but have been less successful for identifying species-level variation. Hyperspectral sensors have had some success for species mapping, but these images often cover a small area and are not appropriate for large-scale land-use assessment. Phenological changes in crop broad-band spectral properties over the growing season offer a promising method of detecting species variation associated with growth rates, plant structure and cropping practices. This paper will present preliminary results of the use of multi-temporal optical imagery for mapping agricultural species. Three SPOT-4 multispectral scenes were acquired during early, middle and late season growth stages over an agricultural region in eastern Ontario, Canada in 2004. Three supervised classification methods were compared: Maximum-Liklihood, Decision Tree and Neural Network approaches. The impact of atmospheric correction was explored to determine if statistical models using multi-sensor, multi-date inputs are sensitive to differences in atmospheric conditions during image acquisition. The success of each method is assessed based on classification accuracies determined using an independent set of ground measurements. Preliminary results indicate that multi-date information is essential to deriving accurate land use information, and that further inputs in addition to remote sensing data may be needed to define specific classes.
Disentangling Features in 3D Face Shapes for Joint Face Reconstruction and Recognition (2018)

This paper proposes an encoder-decoder network to disentangle shape features during 3D face reconstruction from single 2D images, such that the tasks of reconstructing accurate 3D face shapes and learning discriminative shape features for face recognition can be accomplished simultaneously. Unlike existing 3D face reconstruction methods, our proposed method directly regresses dense 3D face shapes from single 2D images, and tackles identity and residual (i.e., non-identity) components in 3D face shapes explicitly and separately based on a composite 3D face shape model with latent representations. We devise a training process for the proposed network with a joint loss measuring both face identification error and 3D face shape reconstruction error. To construct training data we develop a method for fitting 3D morphable model (3DMM) to multiple 2D images of a subject. Comprehensive experiments have been done on MICC, BU3DFE, LFW and YTF databases. The results show that our method expands the capacity of 3DMM for capturing discriminative shape features and facial detail, and thus outperforms existing methods both in 3D face reconstruction accuracy and in face recognition accuracy.
Neurotropic virus tracing suggests a membranous‐coating‐mediated mechanism for transsynaptic communication (2012)

Swine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV) has been shown to have a capability to propagate via neural circuits to the central nervous system after peripheral inoculation, resulting in acute deadly encephalomyelitis in natural host piglets as well as in experimental younger rodents. This study has systematically examined the assembly and dissemination of HEV 67N in the primary motor cortex of infected rats and provides additional evidence indicating that membranous-coating-mediated endo-/exocytosis can be used by HEV for its transsynaptic transfer. In addition, our results suggested that this transsynaptic pathway could adapted for larger granular materials, such as viruses. These findings should help in understanding the mechanisms underlying coronavirus infections as well as the intercellular exchanges occurring at the synaptic junctions.
Solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hepatitis A virus (1978)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of hepatitis A virus in human fecal specimens. Investigations with 88 fecal specimens from 77 patients with suspected viral hepatitis and 8 of their household contacts showed that ELISA was as specific and sensitive as radioimmunoassay and almost as sensitive as immune electron microscopy. The ELISA is quick and simple to perform, does not require sophisticated technical equipment, and can be read with the naked eye, making it suitable for field work and rapid diagnosis.
The basic model (1982)

This chapter aims to make dear the assumptions lying behind evolutionary game theory. I will be surprised if it is fully successful. When I first wrote on the applications of game theory to evolution (Maynard Smith & Price, 1973), I was unaware of many of the assumptions being made and of many of the distinctions between different kinds of games which ought to be drawn. No doubt many confusions and obscurities remain, but at least they are fewer than they were.
Tomography using a rotating slant-hole collimator and a large number of projections. (1990)

A tomographic method using a limited-view angle has been evaluated. In studies using a gamma camera and a rotating 30-degree slant-hole (RSH) collimator, 64 projection images were registered. A special filtered backprojection technique was used for reconstruction of section images parallel to the collimator face. Resolution within such sections was 0.6 cm, 3 cm from the collimator face and 1.3 cm at 18 cm. Depth resolution was 2.2 cm at 3 cm and 5.1 cm at 18 cm. Spacing between section images was regular and geometric distortion negligible. Short-axis section images of a myocardium in vivo were qualitatively comparable or better than those obtained with single-photon emission computed tomography. Degradation in the posterior wall due to attenuation and scatter was less. Section images of the facial bones and a hip joint further demonstrated the tomographic capability of the method.
Distributed/Heterogeneous Query Processing in Microsoft SQL Server (2005)

This paper presents an architecture overview of the distributed, heterogeneous query processor (DHQP) in the Microsoft SQL server database system to enable queries over a large collection of diverse data sources. The paper highlights three salient aspects of the architecture. First, the system introduces well-defined abstractions such as connections, commands, and rowsets that enable sources to plug into the system. These abstractions are formalized by the OLE DB data access interfaces. The generality of OLE DB and its broad industry adoption enables our system to reach a very large collection of diverse data sources ranging from personal productivity tools, to database management systems, to file system data. Second, the DHQP is built-in to the relational optimizer and execution engine of the system. This enables DH queries and updates to benefit from the cost-based algebraic transformations and execution strategies available in the system. Finally, the architecture is inherently extensible to support new data sources as they emerge as well as serves as a key extensibility point for the relational engine to add new features such as full-text search and distributed partitioned views.
The Lack of Protection Afforded Software under the Current Intellectual Property Laws (1995)

Many abstract advances in computer technology remain unprotected since the current intellectual property system has been shaped through a focus on tangible, physical inventions. The software industry in the United States "accounts for domestic revenues of over fifty billion dollars each year in worldwide sales and services." Accordingly, it is imperative that United States software developers be provided adequate intellectual property coverage in order to protect existing technology and encourage further innovation in the field. The present lack of adequate protection has handicapped American developers unnecessarily in the global software market.
Quantitative Subcellular Proteome and Secretome Profiling of Influenza A Virus-Infected Human Primary Macrophages (2011)

Influenza A viruses are important pathogens that cause acute respiratory diseases and annual epidemics in humans. Macrophages recognize influenza A virus infection with their pattern recognition receptors, and are involved in the activation of proper innate immune response. Here, we have used high-throughput subcellular proteomics combined with bioinformatics to provide a global view of host cellular events that are activated in response to influenza A virus infection in human primary macrophages. We show that viral infection regulates the expression and/or subcellular localization of more than one thousand host proteins at early phases of infection. Our data reveals that there are dramatic changes in mitochondrial and nuclear proteomes in response to infection. We show that a rapid cytoplasmic leakage of lysosomal proteins, including cathepsins, followed by their secretion, contributes to inflammasome activation and apoptosis seen in the infected macrophages. Also, our results demonstrate that P2X₇ receptor and src tyrosine kinase activity are essential for inflammasome activation during influenza A virus infection. Finally, we show that influenza A virus infection is associated with robust secretion of different danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) suggesting an important role for DAMPs in host response to influenza A virus infection. In conclusion, our high-throughput quantitative proteomics study provides important new insight into host-response against influenza A virus infection in human primary macrophages.
Network planning with a performance-prediction tool (1999)

A new type of tool facilitates network engineering by combining the speed and practicality of mathematical analysis with a graphic user interface that is customized for network modeling. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction Mechanism in Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds. III. Kinetics of the Reaction of 4-Haloquinoline 1-Oxides and Related Compounds with Piperidine. (1960)

Reaction rates of 4-haloquinoline 1-oxides, 4-haloquinolines, 4-halo-1-nitronaphthalenes, and 4-halo-1-acetonaphthone with piperidine were compared. Rate coefficients, heat constants of activation, and entropies of activation were calculated. 4-Haloquinoline 1-oxides were most reactive and activating power of the N-oxide group was greater than that of the nitro group.
High-k dielectric FinFETs towards sensing integrated circuits (2013)

This work presents a well-defined electronic device, namely a n-channel high-k dielectric FinFET (Fin Field Effect Transistor) as new label-free sensor for enhanced sensing integrated circuits. Metal gate FinFETs on bulk Si have been successfully electrically characterized, showing excellent SS (Subthreshold Slope) and high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> ratio. Exposed n-channel FinFETs, integrated on the same die, have been demonstrated pH sensitive with high current variation per pH unit. Herein, we also describe the fabrication process, assisted by FEA (Finite Element Analysis) simulations, and the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> characterization.
Structuring E-Commerce Inventory (2012)

Large e-commerce enterprises feature millions of items entered daily by a large variety of sellers. While some sellers provide rich, structured descriptions of their items, a vast majority of them provide unstructured natural language descriptions. In the paper we present a 2 steps method for structuring items into descriptive properties. The first step consists in unsupervised property discovery and extraction. The second step involves supervised property synonym discovery using a maximum entropy based clustering algorithm. We evaluate our method on a year worth of e-commerce data and show that it achieves excellent precision with good recall. 1
Genetic transformation of Hevea brasiliensis with the gene coding for superoxide dismutase with FMV 34S promoter (2003)

An efficient and reproducible protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation and plant regeneration of Hevea brasiliensis with the gene coding for superoxide dismutase under the control of Figwort Mosaic Virus (FMV) 34S promoter has been developed. H. brasiliensis (clone RRII 105) callus derived from immature anther was transformed with A. tumefaciens strain EHA 101, harbouring the binary vector containing the sequence coding for neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) as the selectable marker gene, β-glucuronidase (GUS) as the reporter gene and the sequence coding for Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) under the control of FMV 34S promoter. The kanamycin-resistant GUS positive calli were selected and proliferated in Murashige and Skoog medium fortified with 2,4-D (4.5 μM), BAP (2.2 μM) and NAA (1.1 μM). High-frequency embryo induction was obtained in modified MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.5 μM), Kn (1.4 μM), NAA (1.1 μM) and GA 3 (2.0 μM). Embryo maturation was obtained in modified MS medium containing GA 3 (1.2 μM) and TDZ (1.5 μM). Twenty per cent of the mature transgenic embryos developed into plantlets. These plantlets were planted in polybags after hardening and maintained in a greenhouse. The transformation event was confirmed by PCR amplification with SOD and nptII-specific primers and Southern hybridization with nptII specific probe using DNA isolated from transgenic plants as the template.