gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity and Linkage Disequilibrium in the PolynesianPopulation of Niue Island (2006)

Isolated populations that recently have been derived from small homogeneous groups of founders should have low genetic diversity and high levels of linkage disequilibrium and should be ideal for mapping ancestral polymorphisms that influence complex genetic disease susceptibility. Populations that fulfill these criteria have been difficult to identify. We have been looking for Polynesian populations with these characteristics, because Polynesians have high rates of complex genetic diseases. In Niue Islanders all ancestral female (mitochondrial HSV1 sequence) and 90.4% of ancestral male (Y-chromosome haplogroup) lineages are of Southeast Asian origin. The frequency of European Y-chromosome haplogroups is 7.2%. The diversities of mitochondrial HSV1 sequences (h = 0.18 ± 0.05) and Y-chromosome haplogroups (h = 0.18 ± 0.05) are lower than values published for any other population. Ten autosomal microsatellites spaced over 5.8 cM show low allele numbers in Niue Islanders relative to Europeans (55 vs. 88 total alleles, respectively) and a modest reduction in heterozygous loci (0.71 ± 0.02 vs. 0.78 ± 0.02, p = 0.04). The higher linkage disequilibrium (d2 ) between these loci in Niue Islanders relative to Europeans (p = 0.001) is negatively correlated (r = -0.47, p = 0.01) with genetic distance. In summary, Niue Islanders are genetically isolated and have a homogeneous Southeast Asian ancestry. They have reduced autosomal genetic diversity and high levels of linkage disequilibrium that are consistent with the influence of genetic drift mechanisms, such as a founder effect or bottlenecks. High-powered linkage disequilibrium studies designed to map ancestral polymorphisms that influence complex genetic disease susceptibility may be feasible in this population.
The effect of the cobalt and manganese central metal ions on the nonlinear optical properties of tetra(4-propargyloxyphenoxy)phthalocyanines (2018)

The phthalocyanines were investigated as optical limiters. The paramagnetic complexes were not effective owing to quenching of the excited states.
Aperture placement effects in oxide-defined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1998)

A study of the effects of aperture placement on the properties of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is presented. When thin apertures are placed at the peak of the electric field standing wave optical losses are very high for small apertures. The threshold current increases with decreasing aperture size and two-dimensional diffraction like patterns are evident in the far field. For apertures placed at a node, optical losses appear to be negligible, and loss of optical confinement is apparent for apertures below 2 /spl pi/m.
Comparison of peptides bound to spleen and thymus class II. (1993)

In the past we and others have suggested that positive selection of developing thymocytes may depend upon interaction between the alpha beta receptors on these cells and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins bound to peptides found uniquely in the selecting tissue, thymus cortical epithelium. To test this hypothesis, peptides were isolated from MHC class II proteins of spleen, thymus cortical plus medullary epithelium, or thymus cortical epithelium alone. The results showed that the major peptides bound to class II on thymus cortical epithelium were also associated with spleen class II. Some peptides could only be detected in isolates from spleen, probably because of differences in the distribution or uptake of the donor proteins between spleen and thymus. Thus, although we found some tissue-specific distribution of self-peptides, our data suggest that there are no fundamental differences among these tissues in the occupancy of class II MHC by self-peptides. These results limit hypotheses which depend on a specialized mechanism of peptide generation and/or MHC class II loading to account for the positive selection of T cells on thymic cortical epithelium.
A new method to reduce the sun angle effects and noise contamination in extracting the vegetation indices from satellite images (2007)

Different vegetation indices have been introduced to estimate the vegetation density using satellite images but almost all of them have some deficiencies such as sensation to change in sun angle and budget, atmospheric effects and noise contamination. In vegetated area as the degree of vegetation increases, some of them begin to saturate. In this article, a new vegetation index (ADPVI) is introduced using composite data and the result of this index is compared with the result of one of the most popular vegetation indices (NDVI) [1]. Experimental results on NOAA images demonstrate that this new index reduce the deficiencies of NDVI and also is more reliable to be representative for vegetation density. It is less sensitive in compare with NDVI.
Strong H<sub>2</sub> Binding and Selective Gas Adsorption within the Microporous Coordination Solid Mg<sub>3</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>C-C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>6</sub>-CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (2005)

The synthesis of Mg3(NDC)3(DEF)4 (NDC = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, DEF = N,N-diethylformamide, 1), the first porous metal-organic framework solid incorporating Mg2+ ions, is reported. Its structure consists of linear Mg3 units linked via NDC bridges to form a three-dimensional framework, featuring one-dimensional channels filled with DEF molecules. Significantly, its framework is fully analogous to that observed within Zn3(NDC)3(CH3OH)2.2DMF.H2O (2), demonstrating that Mg2+ ions can directly substitute for the heavier Zn2+ ions. Compound 1 is readily desolvated by heating at 190 degrees C to give the microporous solid Mg3(NDC)3, exhibiting a BET surface area of 190 m2/g. Adsorption isotherms measured at 77 and 87 K indicate high H2 adsorption enthalpies in the range 7.0-9.5 kJ/mol, depending on the degree of loading. In addition, the material displays selective adsorption of H2 or O2 over N2 or CO, suggesting possible applications in gas separation technologies.
Magnetic properties enhancement of α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B-type nanocomposites by Co substitution (1998)

The phase evolution and magnetic properties of melt-spun Nd9.5(Fe1−xCox)85.5B5 (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15) nanocomposites have been investigated. It was found that Co substitution for Fe, i.e., x=0.05–0.15, improves the Curie temperature (Tc), remanence (Br), and maximum energy product (BH)max of the materials obtained. Co substitution for Fe was found to promote grain coarsening, after thermal processing, in materials with a high Co concentration. Wohlfarth remanence analysis suggests that dilute-Co substitution for Fe increases the strength of the exchange coupling between the soft magnetic phases, α-(Fe, Co) and Nd2(Co, Fe)17, and the 2:14:1 phases. The increase in the saturation magnetization of α-(Fe, Co) and 2:14:1 phase, in conjunction with the enhanced exchanged coupling, presumably, result in an increased (BH)max of Nd9.5(Fe0.95Co0.05)85.5B5 and Nd9.5(Fe0.90Co0.10)85.5B5 samples. Once above a critical Co concentration, for the compositions studied, the strength of exchange coupling interactions between magnetically soft and hard phases does not seem to vary significantly with Co content. Moreover, both the irreversible loss of induction and reversible temperature coefficient of induction (conventionally referred to as α) of fully processed materials decrease with increasing Co concentration.
Australasian Experiences with Cathodic Protection of Concrete Marine Structures (2001)

Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete is one of the most important and prevalent mechanisms of deterioration of marine structures in Australasia. Over the last ten years, cathodic protection (CP) has increasingly been used in Australasia to provide long-term corrosion control for reinforced and prestressed concrete structures and buildings in marine or saline environments. Both galvanic and impressed current CP systems have been used for this purpose. This paper reviews the types of anode systems that have been used to control chloride ion induced reinforcement corrosion in marine structures in Australasia including conductive coatings, catalysed titanium ribbon mesh, discrete anodes, catalysed titanium anode mesh and metallised coatings.
Development of an efficient perception system and a path planning algorithm for autonomous mobile robots (2013)

The current work deals with the development of enabling technologies for autonomous mobile robots. A perception system, based on a laser range finder sensor, has been developed to enable robots to construct 3-D maps of their surroundings from which projected free configuration space maps are generated. These maps are then used by a computationally efficient path planning algorithm to yield the shortest possible route between the current and the user-defined final position of the robot.
Myocilin Is Involved in NgR1/Lingo-1-Mediated Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination of the Optic Nerve (2014)

Myocilin is a secreted glycoprotein that belongs to a family of olfactomedin domain-containing proteins. Although myocilin is detected in several ocular and nonocular tissues, the only reported human pathology related to mutations in the MYOCILIN gene is primary open-angle glaucoma. Functions of myocilin are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that myocilin is a mediator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and is involved in the myelination of the optic nerve in mice. Myocilin is expressed and secreted by optic nerve astrocytes. Differentiation of optic nerve oligodendrocytes is delayed in Myocilin-null mice. Optic nerves of Myocilin-null mice contain reduced levels of several myelin-associated proteins including myelin basic protein, myelin proteolipid protein, and 2'3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase compared with those of wild-type littermates. This leads to reduced myelin sheath thickness of optic nerve axons in Myocilin-null mice compared with wild-type littermates, and this difference is more pronounced at early postnatal stages compared with adult mice. Myocilin also affects differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursors in vitro. Its addition to primary cultures of differentiating oligodendrocyte precursors increases levels of tested markers of oligodendrocyte differentiation and stimulates elongation of oligodendrocyte processes. Myocilin stimulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation occurs through the NgR1/Lingo-1 receptor complex. Myocilin physically interacts with Lingo-1 and may be considered as a Lingo-1 ligand. Myocilin-induced elongation of oligodendrocyte processes may be mediated by activation of FYN and suppression of RhoA GTPase.
Description and tests of the GENERREX excitation system for large steam turbine-generators (1976)

A new excitation system has been developed employing a power source which is an integral part of the generator. Excitation power originates from the generator air-gap flux and from the generator stator winding currents. The physical arrangement of the excitation power source components provides compactness to this self-excited, essentially self-regulated and high initial response system. It facilitates generator maintenance, by eliminating rotating parts from the collector end of the turbine-generator shaft, and simplifies the station layout. The ac excitation power is rectified by means of a full-wave bridge with silicon diodes and shunt silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors). Extensive use of static components is made in the generator voltage control system coupled with redundant features which permit maintenance during operation.
Amylose and Amylopectin Interact in Retrogradation of Dispersed High‐Amylose Starches (1999)

ABSTRACT Retrogradation of three high‐amylose starches (HAS: ae du, ae V, and ae VII) and common corn starch (CCS) was examined by dynamic oscillatory rheometry (7.5% [w/w] starch in 20% [v/v] dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC; 30% [w/w] starch in water), and turbidity (0.5% [w/w] starch in 20% [v/v] DMSO). Nongranular lipid‐free starch and starch fractions (amylose [AM], amylopectin [AP], and intermediate material [IM]) were studied. Gels were prepared by dispersing starches or fractions in 90% DMSO and diluting with water, followed by storage for seven days at 4°C. For AM from each starch, the elastic modulus ( G ′) was similar when heated from 6 to 70°C. The G ′ of HAS AP gels at 6°C was higher than for CCS AP gels. For nongranular CCS and ae du gels, G ′ dropped dramatically (≈100×) when heated from 6 to 70°C, less (≈10×) for ae V gels, and least (≈5×) for ae VII gels. By DSC, each AM endotherm had a peak temperature of ≈140°C, whereas all AP endotherms were complete before 120°C. Endotherms >120°C were not observed for any nongranular starch despite the high AM content of some starches. After cooling starch suspensions from room temperature to 5°C and subsequent rewarming to room temperature, each AM and the ae VII nongranular starch remained highly turbid. Each AP and the remaining nongranular starches lost turbidity during rewarming. Our work suggests that branched molecules of CCS and HAS influence gel properties of nongranular starches by inhibiting or altering AM‐AM interactions.
A Novel Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Screening Approach Based on Bayesian Clustering and Principal-Component Analysis (2016)

Summary We present and test a new screening methodology to discriminate among alternative and competing enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) techniques to be considered for a given reservoir. Our work is motivated by the observation that, even if a considerable variety of EOR techniques was successfully applied to extend oilfield production and lifetime, an EOR project requires extensive laboratory and pilot tests before fieldwide implementation and preliminary assessment of EOR potential in a reservoir is critical in the decision-making process. Because similar EOR techniques may be successful in fields sharing some global features, as basic discrimination criteria, we consider fluid (density and viscosity) and reservoir-formation (porosity, permeability, depth, and temperature) properties. Our approach is observation-driven and grounded on an exhaustive database that we compiled after considering worldwide EOR field experiences. A preliminary reduction of the dimensionality of the parameter space over which EOR projects are classified is accomplished through principal-component analysis (PCA). A screening of target analogs is then obtained by classification of documented EOR projects through a Bayesian-clustering algorithm. Considering the cluster that includes the EOR field under evaluation, an intercluster refinement is then accomplished by ordering cluster components on the basis of a weighted Euclidean distance from the target field in the (multidimensional) parameter space. Distinctive features of our methodology are that (a) all screening analyses are performed on the database projected onto the space of principal components (PCs) and (b) the fraction of variance associated with each PC is taken as weight of the Euclidean distance that we determine. As a test bed, we apply our approach on three fields operated by Eni. These include light-, medium-, and heavy-oil reservoirs, where gas, chemical, and thermal EOR projects were, respectively, proposed. Our results are (a) conducive to the compilation of a broad and extensively usable database of EOR settings and (b) consistent with the field observations related to the three tested and already planned/implemented EOR methodologies, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.
Characterization of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Virus (1993)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is a newly described disease of swine that is now widespread in the U.S. and Europe. It affects pigs of all ages and causes significant morbidity and mortality. At the onset of this study, little information was available regarding the etiologic agent of PRRS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the basic characteristics of the PRRS virus, characterize the viral proteins, evaluate antigenic variation among PRRS virus isolates, and evaluate the humeral immune response of experimentally infected pigs to PRRS viral proteins. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was determined to be a small, enveloped RNA virus with morphological and physicochemical properties similar to the arteriviruses. Five putative virus structural proteins were identified. Proteins of 15-, 16-, 19-, 22- and 26-kDa relative molecular mass were associated with the U.S. isolate of PRRS virus, VR-2332. Proteins of 15-, 15.5-, 18-, 22- and 26-kDa were associated with the European prototype isolate, the Lelystad isolate. The 15- and 19-kDa proteins and the 15- and 18-kDa proteins of the VR-2332 and Lelystad isolates, respectively, were non-glycosylated while the 26-kDa protein was identified as a glycoprotein. The 15-kDa protein was detemined to be the nucleocapsid protein of PRRS virus. European isolates of PRRS virus were determined to be antigenically distinct from U.S. isolates of the virus. However, immunoblotting experiments using polyclonal antisera demonstrated that European and U.S. isolates share some common antigenic epitopes on the nucleocapsid protein. Some monoclonal antibodies prepared to the nucleocapsid protein of PRRS virus recognized epitopes common to all isolates of PRRS virus, while other monoclonal antibodies recognized epitopes on U.S. isolates but not European isolates of PRRS virus. Circulating antibodies to PRRS virus were detected in experimentally infected pigs within 7 to 21 days post-inoculation. Neutralizing antibodies were not detected until 6 to 8 weeks post-inoculation. The antibody response of experimentally infected pigs was primarily directed toward the 15-, 19- and 26-kDa PRRS virus proteins.
The Impact of Contact Lens Care Solutions on the Thickness of the Tear Film and Contact Lens (2005)

Complete MoisturePlus is associated with a thicker PLTF when compared with Opti-Free Express in contact lens wearers without dry eye symptoms, especially during the first 5 minutes following lens insertion.
Vouchers and the Cleveland Scholarship Program: Little Progress So Far (2006)

Voucher programs are intended to raise the academic achievement of students, but, unfortunately, so far the evidence suggests that Cleveland?s voucher students perform no better than their counterparts in public schools.
Control of dendritic cell migration by chemokines. (2000)

Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen presenting cells able to activate naive T lymphocytes. Immature DC are highly motile and efficiently take up and process antigens. Immature DC localise in non-lymphoid organs where they exert a sentinel function. Upon exposure to immune or inflammatory signals DC undergo maturation and migrate to T cell areas of lymphoid organs. Thus, the correct functioning of DC involves localisation in tissues and trafficking via the lymph or blood to lymphoid organs. Chemokines have emerged as important regulators of DC migration. DC express receptors for and respond to a set of chemoattractants which overlaps with, but is distinct from, that active on other leukocytes. Functional maturation is associated with loss of responsiveness to chemokines present at sites of inflammation and acquisition of a receptor repertoire which renders these cells responsive to signals which guide their localisation in lymphoid organs. A better understanding of the molecular basis of DC trafficking may provide molecular and conceptual tools to direct and modulate DC traffic as a strategy to up-regulate and orient specific immunity.
Integrated Self-Interference Cancellation for Full-Duplex and Frequency-Division Duplexing Wireless Communication Systems (2017)

From wirelessly connected robots to car-to-car communications, and to smart cities, almost every aspect of our lives will benefit from future wireless communications. While promise an exciting future world, next-generation wireless communications impose requirements on the data rate, spectral efficiency, and latency (among others) that are higher than those for today's systems by several orders of magnitude. Full-duplex wireless, an emergent wireless communications paradigm, breaks the long-held assumption that it is impossible for a wireless device to transmit and receive simultaneously at the same frequency, and has the potential to immediately double network capacity at the physical (PHY) layer and offers many other benefits (such as reduced latency) at the higher layers. Recently, discrete-component-based demonstrations have established the feasibility of full-duplex wireless. However, the realization of integrated full duplex radios, compact radios that can fit into smartphones, is fraught with fundamental challenges. In addition, to unleash the full potential of full-duplex communication, a careful redesign of the PHY layer and the medium access control (MAC) layer using a cross-layer approach is required. The biggest challenge associated with full duplex wireless is the tremendous amount of transmitter self-interference right on top of the desired signal. In this dissertation, new self-interference-cancellation approaches at both system and circuit levels are presented, contributing towards the realization of full-duplex radios using integrated circuit technology. Specifically, these new approaches involve elimination of the noise and distortion of the cancellation circuitry, enhancing the integrated cancellation bandwidth, and performing joint radio frequency, analog, and digital cancellation to achieve cancellation with nearly one part-per-billion accuracy. In collaboration with researchers at higher layers of the stack, a cross-layer approach has been used in our full-duplex research and has allowed us to derive power allocation algorithms and to characterize rate-gain improvements for full-duplex wireless networks. To enable experimental characterization of full-duplex MAC layer algorithms, a cross-layered software-defined full-duplex radio testbed has been developed. In collaboration with researchers from the field of micro-electro-mechanical systems, we demonstrate a multi-band frequency-division duplexing system using a cavity-filter-based tunable duplexer and our integrated widely-tunable self-interference-cancelling receiver.
Concept of frequency-transconductance tuning of bipolar voltage-controlled oscillators (2003)

Due to technology limitations as well as stringent operating conditions that are imposed, the design of fully integrated analog RF front-end circuits is aimed at the edge of the required performances. Such an approach implies that each dB of power or noise is of high importance, as it directly determines the range of operation of a system. Accordingly, a design trajectory that offers certain power savings, while still keeping the system within the required range of operation, appears to be a promising candidate for nowadays highly stringent low-power RF front-end circuit design. The concept of frequency-transconductance tuning, introduced in this paper, offers the possibility for voltage-controlled oscillators to trade power consumption for loop-gain and phase-noise. Detailed analysis shows how this concept is employed to achieve full control over the operation of the oscillator that is being changed as a result of a frequency tuning.
High‐Purity Discrete PEG‐Oligomer Crystals Allow Structural Insight (2009)

To great (monodisperse) lengths: An improved synthesis of purer ethylene glycol (EG) oligomers allows access to 16- and 32-mers pure enough for multiple incorporation, and also to the longest (48-mer) discrete EG oligomer yet reported. The high purity enables the first crystallizations and hence the first glimpses of secondary 3(10)-helical PEG structures.