gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trastuzumab-associated cardiac events in the Persephone trial (2016)

We demonstrate significantly fewer cardiac events from 6 months of adjuvant trastuzumab compared with that from 12 months. This cardiac signal adds importance to the question of the optimum duration of adjuvant trastuzumab treatment. If 6 months is proven to have non-inferior outcomes to 12 months treatment, these data would support 6 months as the standard of care.
Reduction in the antigenicity of whey proteins by heat treatment: a possible strategy for producing a hypoallergenic infant milk formula (1984)

Residual antigenic protein in heat-denatured cow's milk whey and in two commercial infant milk formulas was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin, bovine IgG1 and alpha-casein. This immunochemical assessment of antigenicity was related to the capacity of the preparations to sensitize immunologically when fed to guinea-pigs for 2 weeks. Antibody production was measured and the susceptibility of the animals to systemic anaphylaxis was assessed by injecting them intravenously with heated or unheated milk proteins. Whey protein that had been heated at 100 degrees or 115 degrees for 30 min was extensively denatured and, in contrast to pasteurized whey, failed to sensitize guinea-pigs for anaphylaxis. Antibody production was undetected or very low. The proteins in SMA powder and SMA Gold Cap liquid concentrate were less denatured and animals given these formulas prepared according to the maker's instructions produced relatively high levels of antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-casein and a majority developed anaphylaxis when injected intravenously with these products. As well as failing to sensitize, whey that had received severe heat treatment did not, in most cases, elicit anaphylaxis when injected into animals that had been sensitized with unheated milk. Discrimination between antibodies of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses specific for beta-lactoglobulin showed that IgG1, the principal anaphylactic antibody in guinea-pigs, was preferentially depressed in animals drinking heat-denatured milk preparations. The results suggest that heat denaturation of whey protein may be a logical and simple strategy for producing a hypoallergenic baby milk. Nevertheless, the value of experiments in guinea-pigs for predicting results in man is uncertain and the proposal awaits assessment in clinical trials.
Crack-closing of cement mortar beams using NiTi cold-drawn SMA short fibers (2014)

In this study, crack-closing tests of mortar beams reinforced by shape memory alloy (SMA) short fibers were performed. For this purpose, NiTi SMA fibers with a diameter of 0.965 mm and a length of 30 mm were made from SMA wires of 1.0 mm diameter by cold drawing. Four types of SMA fibers were prepared, namely, straight and dog-bone-shaped fiber and the two types of fibers with paper wrapping in the middle of the fibers. The paper provides an unbonded length of 15 mm. For bending tests, six types of mortar beams with the dimensions of 40 mm × 40 mm × 160 mm (B×H×L) were prepared. The SMA fibers were placed at the bottom center of the beams along with an artificial crack of 10 mm depth and 1 mm thickness. This study investigated the influence of SMA fibers on the flexural strength of the beams from the measured force- deflection curves. After cracking, the beams were heated at the bottom by fire to activate the SMA fibers. Then, the beams recovered the deflection, and the cracks were closed. This study evaluated crack-closing capacity using the degree of crack recovery and deflection-recovery factor. The first factor is estimated from the crack-width before and after crack-closing, and the second one is obtained from the downward deflection due to loading and the upward deflection due to the closing force of the SMA fibers.
Development of a Lidar System for Measuring Methane Using a Gas Correlation Method (1999)

We developed a laser long-path absorption lidar system using a gas correlation method for measuring atmospheric methane. This technique uses a broad-band laser and a gas correlation cell. We developed a potassium titanyl arsenate (KTA) optical parametric oscillator at 3.416 µm for the laser source. The optical round-trip path length is 20 m. The experiment was carried out using this system. It was estimated that the error in the density of methane is 4.4 ppm for measurement within 1 s.
Algorithms for studying murine airway structure in microfocus computed tomography images (2017)

Complex branching 3D structures, such as root systems, renal vasculature and pulmonary airways and vasculature, are prevalent throughout nature. The analysis and measurement of these structures and the development of automatic or semi-automatic algorithms to study Microfocus Computed Tomography (µCT) images is therefore an important requirement in this field.<br/> Asthma is a prevalent chronic airway disease that is not yet fully understood. Murine models of lung diseases are used with increasing frequency. As the lung is a complex 3D structure, there are benefits to using 3D methodology to measure structural changes in these models. µCT is a valuable technique in non-destructive imaging that yields high resolution, high quality 3D images.<br/> I describe a sphere inflation branching structure skeletonisation technique that uses radial ray-casting to detect branch points. Quantitative comparisons are made between this technique and three other algorithms: the medial axis transform, the scale axis transform, and a Hough transform for circles tracing technique, as well as manually-produced skeletons from a set of three filled lungs. The sphere growth tracer performs well against the other algorithms when compared to the manually-produced skeletons.<br/> Mutations in A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) 33 gene have been linked to asthma and soluble ADAM33 causes airway remodelling in a transgenic mouse model. This work tests the hypothesis that the effects of human ADAM33 over-expression in transgenic mouse lungs are visible in µCT images as a thickening of the smooth muscle that lines the bronchi and bronchioles, resulting in thicker airway walls as well as narrower lumens than in control mice. Airways were extracted and analysed semi-autonomously for lumen radius, area and perimeter, and wall thickness at seven sites across four generations of branching in 14 murine lungs. However, in a small sample number with limited soft tissue resolution and contrast of the µCT images no significant differences in airway structure could be detected in ADAM33 overexpressing mice compared with control mice.<br/>
Apoprotein E is synthesized and secreted by resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages but not by pyran copolymer- or bacillus Calmette-Guerin-activated macrophages. (1983)

Macrophages are active secretory cells that display functionally distinct phenotypes that are regulated by inflammation. We have found that apoprotein E (ApoE), a component of plasma lipoproteins, was synthesized and secreted by resident and nonspecifically stimulated macrophages elicited with thioglycollate broth, but not by activated macrophages obtained from mice treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin, pyran copolymer, whole Corynebacterium parvum, or bacterial endotoxin. ApoE represented approximately 1% of the newly synthesized protein and approximately 10% of secreted protein of resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages. ApoE from thioglycollate-elicited macrophages was indistinguishable from ApoE in mouse plasma lipoproteins, as determined by immunoreactivity, peptide mapping, and molecular weight. When specific antibodies were used to localize cell-associated ApoE, strong immunofluorescence was seen in the Golgi region of resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages immediately after removal from the peritoneal cavity, as well as after culture for up to 7 d. In contrast, activated macrophages did not synthesize or secrete ApoE to an appreciable extent and had no immunocytochemically detectable intracellular ApoE. When activated macrophages were cultured in medium containing serum, their activated state, as judged by production of H2O2, declined within 48-72 h in parallel with the induction of synthesis and secretion of ApoE and detection of intracellular ApoE by immunofluorescence. During prolonged culture the rate of synthesis and secretion of ApoE increased in both resident and activated macrophages. Therefore, the synthesis and secretion of ApoE may serve as markers for the functional state of macrophages.
Human Arylamine <i>N</i> -Acetyltransferase Genes: Isolation, Chromosomal Localization, and Functional Expression (1990)

N-Acetylation by hepatic arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT, EC 2.3.1.5) is a major route in the metabolism and detoxification of numerous drugs and foreign chemicals. NAT is the target of a common genetic polymorphism of clinical relevance in human populations. We have used our recently isolated rabbit cDNA rnat to clone three human NAT genes from human leukocyte DNA. None of the three genomic coding sequences was interrupted by introns. Two genes, designated NAT1 and NAT2, each possessed open reading frames of 870 bp. Both genes have been assigned to human chromosome 8, pter-q11. Following transfection they were transiently expressed in monkey kidney COS-1 cells. NAT1 and NAT2 gave rise to functional NAT proteins, as judged by their NAT enzyme activity with the arylamine substrate sulfamethazine. Western blots with NAT-specific antisera detected proteins of apparent molecular weight of 33 and 31 kD in NAT1- and NAT2-transfected cultures, respectively. The product of NAT2 had an identical apparent molecular weight as that of NAT detected in human liver cytosol. The deduced amino acid sequence of NAT2 also contained 6 peptide sequences which had previously been determined from tryptic peptides of the polymorphic NAT purified from human liver. These data suggest that NAT2 encodes the polymorphic NAT protein. The third gene, NATP, had multiple deleterious mutations and did not encode a functional NAT protein; it most likely represents a pseudogene.
CCT: Connect and Control Things: A novel mobile application to manage M2M devices and endpoints (2014)

This paper presents a novel application that allows mobile clients to interact with M2M devices and endpoints in real time. The application "Connect and Control Things" (CCT) is designed to discover things, receive data from the sensors, control the actuators and generate alarms in real time. The novel capabilities of CCT are: (i) dynamic discovery of device and endpoint, (ii) real time interaction with sensors and actuators associated to M2M devices, (iii) benefit from Sensor Markup Language (SenML) representation, (iv) supporting extension of SenML capabilities for actuators and (v) learning actuators' resources and control them. The architectural design, prototypes implementation, flow of network operations and a real-life test scenario are illustrated. The prototype Android application registers higher CPU usage and power consumption due to intense network operations and parsing sensor metadata repeatedly. We have proposed several optimization techniques to reduce the CPU load, network data usage and overall power consumption. Two use cases of the application have been discussed. Finally the paper summarizes the contributions and concludes with the future research directions.
Electromyography in relation to end-plate acetylcholinesterase in rats poisoned by different organophosphates. (1994)

Organophosphate (OP) poisoning produces various forms of acute, subacute, or delayed neurotoxicity. We investigated in vivo the relationship between clinical, histochemical and electromyographic (EMG) parameters in rats at various stages of poisoning by paraoxon or fenthion. Paraoxon is acutely toxic, whereas fenthion produces more sustained AChE inhibition. Fenthion has been involved in a subacute type of OP-related neurotoxicity in patients, the so-called intermediate syndrome. The animals underwent serial EMGs, with single and repetitive nerve stimulation, and concomitant contralateral muscle biopsies to determine the end-plate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Repetitive activity (RA) after single nerve stimulation and decrements on repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) were the major EMG findings in either type of poisoning, occurring in the initial and later stages of the poisoning, respectively. RA was highly correlated to fasciculations in acute, but not in prolonged intoxication. Amplitude decrements provoked by RNS occurred only in weak rats with severe end-plate AChE inhibition. The smallest amplitude occurred either at the second response with gradual improvement in the subsequent responses (decrement-increment phenomenon), or the amplitude decrease progressed up to the last response (decrement phenomenon). The decrement-increment phenomenon preceded the decrement phenomenon and occurred at a slightly less severe degree of AChE inhibition. Various types of impairment of neuromuscular transmission coexist, probably to a different extent at distinct stages of anticholinesterase poisoning.
Mobile STK for Symbian OS (2006)

Mobile audio-enabled technology is a commodity by now. However access to these technologies for audio research, algorithmic synthesis and interactive performance is currently limited. We describe an effort to port the Synthesis Toolkit (STK) developed by Perry Cook and Gary Scavone to the Symbian operating system, which is used by a number of mobile phone manufacturers.
P<sub>2</sub>‐purinoceptors of two subtypes in the rabbit mesenteric artery: reactive blue 2 selectively inhibits responses mediated via the P<sub>2y</sub>‐ but not the P<sub>2x</sub>‐purinoceptor (1987)

alpha,beta-Methylene ATP and ATP both produced concentration-dependent contractions of the isolated mesenteric artery of the rabbit that were not inhibited by reactive blue 2. In preparations where the tone had been raised with noradrenaline, ATP and 2-methylthio ATP, but not alpha,beta-methylene ATP, produced relaxations of the vessel. These relaxations were inhibited in the presence of reactive blue 2. Reactive blue 2 did not inhibit the contractions to noradrenaline, and only slightly inhibited relaxations to adenosine and acetylcholine. The rank order of potency of purine nucleotide analogues in contracting the vessel was: alpha,beta-methylene ATP greater than beta,gamma-methylene ATP = 2-methylthio ATP greater than ATP, and in relaxing the vessel at raised tone was: 2-methylthio ATP greater than ATP greater than beta,gamma-methylene ATP greater than alpha,beta-methylene ATP. It is concluded from this study that in the isolated mesenteric artery of the rabbit, purine nucleotides act via P2y-purinoceptors to cause the muscle to relax and via P2x-purinoceptors to cause the muscle to contract. The results also suggest that reactive blue 2 selectively inhibits responses mediated via the P2y-purinoceptor, at least within a limited concentration range.
Sandwich and Half-Sandwich Derivatives of Platensimycin: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation (2012)

The multistep synthesis and biological evaluation of five structurally diverse, chiral and achiral CpMn(CO)3 (4, 7 and 8), (η6-arene)Cr(CO)3 (5), and [3]ferrocenophane-1-one (6) containing platensimycin (1) derivatives are described in this report. The structures were inspired by the antibiotic platensimycin. All the chiral compounds presented in this report are racemates. The new compounds were unambiguously characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis and in certain cases by X-ray crystallography (4, 16, 18, and 29). The antibacterial and antitumor activity of selected derivatives was tested. Molecular modeling suggests that the derivatives described here may well fit into the active site of the FabF enzyme, which is the biological target of platensimycin. Hence, the antimicrobial activities of our new bioorganometallices 4–8 and the protected amide intermediates 15, 17, 18, 23, 28, 29, and 31 were tested against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. However, all compounds were inactive up to concentrations of 180 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity of compounds 4 and 6 and the protected amide intermediates 15, 17, 18, 23, 28, 29, and 31 was tested against HepG2 and PT45 mammalian cancer cell lines. Surprisingly, all compounds containing a trimethylsilylethyl ester functionality at the aromatic ring (17, 23, 29, and 31) displayed rather high cytotoxicity between 2 and 9 μM.
Problems related to the formation of lateral <i>p</i>–<i>n</i> junctions on channeled substrate (100) GaAs for lasers (1988)

We shall describe the main steps required for molecular-beam epitaxial (MBE) growth on structured GaAs substrates for lasers, in particular, a reproducible etching process develolped for GaAs which yields well-defined and controllable tilt angles. The main parameters determining morphology and doping behavior on a facet are tilt angle Θ, substrate temperature, and the V:III ratio. The limiting values of these three parameters for obtaining good quality n- and p-type films, using Si as a dopant, will be determined. We conclude that a (311A) facet is best suited to obtain plane selective doping without generating a detrimental (111A) plane. As a result of this study, lateral p–n junctions with light emission will be demonstrated showing promise for new device structures such as lasers.
Sensing and control of flow separation using plasma actuators (2011)

Single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators have been used to control flow separation in a large number of applications. An often used configuration involves spanwise-oriented asymmetric electrodes that are arranged to induce a tangential wall jet in the mean flow direction. For the best effect, the plasma actuator is placed just upstream of where the flow separation will occur. This approach is generally more effective when the plasma actuator is periodically pulsed at a frequency that scales with the streamwise length of the separation zone and the free-stream velocity. The optimum frequency produces two coherent spanwise vortices within the separation zone. It has been recently shown that this periodic pulsing of the plasma actuator could be sensed by a surface pressure sensor only when the boundary layer was about to separate, and therefore could provide a flow separation indicator that could be used for feedback control. The paper demonstrates this approach on an aerofoil that is slowly increasing its angle of attack, and on a sinusoidally pitching aerofoil undergoing dynamic stall. Short-time spectral analysis of time series from a static pressure sensor on the aerofoil is used to determine the separation state that ranges from attached, to imminent separation, to fully separated. A feedback control approach is then proposed, and demonstrated on the aerofoil with the slow angle of attack motion.
Yield modeling and optimization of large redundant RAMs (2002)

Presents and analyzes redundant large area TRAM architectures (64 to 512 Mbit) for variations in redundancy level and determine the optimal redundancy organization for yield enhancement. A hierarchical redundancy scheme is used for defect tolerance and the yield of the redundant RAM is modelled using a compounded Poisson model. Results are presented that show the tradeoff in local versus global redundancy schemes for TRAM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nuclease activity as a specific biomarker for breast cancer (2016)

We report on the activity of nucleases derived from cancer cells as a means for specific targeting using nucleic acid probes (substrates). We hypothesize that cancer cells can be differentiated from healthy cells based on their nuclease activity profile, and thus, any method based on this property represents a novel alternative for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.
Spore-Forming Thermophilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Isolated from North Sea Oil Field Waters (1991)

Thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria were isolated from oil field waters from oil production platforms in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. Spore-forming rods dominated in the enrichments when lactate, propionate, butyrate, or a mixture of aliphatic fatty acids (C(4) through C(6)) was added as a carbon source and electron donor. Representative strains were isolated and characterized. The isolates grew autotrophically on H(2)-CO(2) and heterotrophically on fatty acids such as formate, propionate, butyrate, caproate, valerate, pyruvate, and lactate and on alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate but not nitrate could be used as an electron acceptor. The temperature range for growth was 43 to 78 degrees C; the spores were extremely heat resistant and survived 131 degrees C for 20 min. The optimum pH was 7.0. The isolates grew well in salt concentrations ranging from 0 to 800 mmol of NaCl per liter. Sulfite reductase P582 was present, but cytochrome c and desulfoviridin were not found. Electron micrographs revealed a gram-positive cell organization. The isolates were classified as a Desulfotomaculum sp. on the basis of spore formation, general physiological characteristics, and submicroscopic organization. To detect thermophilic spore-forming sulfate-reducing bacteria in oil field water, polyvalent antisera raised against antigens from two isolates were used. These bacteria were shown to be widespread in oil field water from different platforms. The origin of thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria in the pore water of oil reservoirs is discussed.
Platelet-derived growth factor activates mitogen-activated protein kinase in isolated caveolae (1997)

The ability of a peptide hormone to affect many different intracellular targets is thought to be possible because of the modular organization of signal transducing molecules in the cell. Evidence for the presence of signaling modules in metazoan cells, however, is incomplete. Herein we show, with morphology and cell fractionation, that all the components of a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway are concentrated in caveolae of unstimulated human fibroblasts. Addition of platelet-derived growth factor to either the intact cell or caveolae isolated from these cells stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and activates mitogen-activated protein kinases in caveolae. The molecular machinery for kinase activation, therefore, is preorganized at the cell surface of quiescent cells.
Valine Accumulation by α-Aminobutyric Acid-Resistant Mutants of <i>Serratia marcescens</i> (1971)

alpha-Aminobutyric acid, norvaline, and norleucine, which are analogues of branched-chain amino acids, inhibited the growth of Serratia marcescens. The inhibitory effect of these three analogues was counteracted by branched-chain amino acids. A number of mutants resistant to these analogues were isolated. alpha-Aminobutyric acid-resistant (abu-r) mutants markedly accumulated l-valine in the culture medium, but the other analogue-resistant mutants did not. Acetohydroxy acid synthetase, which seems to be rate-limiting for the biosynthesis of l-valine, was derepressed in abu-r mutants. One of the abu-r mutants, no. 140, which accumulated over 8 mg of l-valine per ml, had about a 20-fold increase in the enzyme level. Most of the abu-r mutants had acetohydroxy acid synthetase activity which was sensitive to feedback inhibition by l-valine to the same extent as in the parent strain. However, the enzyme of two of abu-r mutants was less sensitive to l-valine, and one of the two was the best valine accumulator.
AoE storage protocol over MPLS network (2011)

ATA over Ethernet (AoE) protocol is an interesting alternative to iSCSI and Fibre Channel. AoE is a light, layer 2 protocol integrated with Ethernet frames, which makes it ideal for work inside LAN segments. Unfortunately, this advantage is also its limitation when access to the AoE storage is required to be over the internetwork. In this paper we show how MPLS can make AoE routable and thereby also independent of Ethernet itself.