gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sympathetic nerves in adult rats regenerate normally and restore pilomotor function during an anti‐NGF treatment that prevents their collateral sprouting (1992)

We have used anti-nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) [corrected] administration to study the NGF dependency of the reinnervation of denervated skin by sympathetic nerves in the adult rat. Sympathetic pilomotor fields were revealed by electrical stimulation of selected dorsal cutaneous nerves; the affected skin rapidly assumed a "gooseflesh" appearance, sharply demarcated from surrounding unstimulated skin. Examined 2-5 days after section of neighboring nerves, the "isolated" pilomotor field of the spared nerve was found to be coextensive with an area of amine-fluorescent fibers that were associated with pilomotor muscles and blood vessels. After its isolation, a pilomotor field begins to expand into the surrounding deprived territory, reaching a maximum size at approximately 40 days. Fluorescence studies confirmed that new sympathetic fiber growth had occurred into the expanded regions of such fields. Daily injections of polyclonal anti-NGF serum completely prevented these pilomotor field expansions. Following termination of the anti-NGF treatment, expansion proceeded normally. Finally, if the onset of anti-NGF treatment was delayed until pilomotor field expansion had already commenced, further expansion was halted. Regeneration of sympathetic fibers was evoked by crushing a selected nerve. Recovery of pilomotor function in the totally denervated skin was first detected at about 20 days postcrush, and the field progressively enlarged over the next 40 days. Although the imposed NGF deprivation is known to cause a demonstrable shrinkage, and presumably atrophy, of sympathetic ganglia, the anti-NGF treatment appeared to impair neither the restoration of a pilomotor field after nerve crush, nor its continued expansion into skin regions well beyond that originally supplied by the nerve, i.e., into territory whose invasion by collateral sprouts would have been totally prevented by the treatment. During such NGF deprivation, fluorescent regenerating fibers were visualized in the nerve trunk. We conclude that even though the regenerating and collaterally sprouting sympathetic fibers probably utilise the same degenerating dermal pathways to reach and functionally reinnervate the same denervated targets, only the collateral sprouting of the uninjured axons is dependent upon endogenous NGF. These findings extend the results described earlier for nociceptive fibers, and suggest that the contrasting dependencies upon growth factors of sprouting and regeneration might apply throughout the adult nervous system.
Effect of experimental periodontitis on fibroblast progenitor populations in hamster gingiva (1986)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of experimental periodontitis on the fibroblast progenitor populations of hamster gingiva. Two groups of 5 hamsters per group were examined after 60 d. The control group was fed laboratory chow, and the experimental group was fed Diet 2000 (Keyes & Jordan 1964). I h prior to killing all animals were injected with 3 H‐thymidine. Plastic‐embedded sagittal sections through the first and second molar regions of the mandibles were prepared for enzyme histochemistry and radioautography. Experimental animals exhibited significantly higher numbers of osteoclast nuclei per mm of interdental bone than controls (p<.05) and significantly more bone loss as measured from the alveolar crest to the cementoenamel junction (p<.01). The number of alkaline phosphatase‐positive cells in apposition to the interdental bone surface and exhibiting osteoblast‐like morphology was similar in control and experimental animals. In the transseptal fiber zone, the number of cells per 1000 μm 2 was not significantly different between control and experimental animals. The percentage of cells expressing non‐specific esterase activity and with the morphology of macrophages was significantly increased (p<.02) in the gingival connective tissue subjacent to thejunctional epithelium but not in the transseptal fiber zone of experimental animals. The percentage of cells labeled with 3 H‐thymidine was significantly increased in the transseptal fiber zone (p<.02). The data suggest that, in spite of alveolar bone loss, the hamster maintains its connective tissue cell populations in zones superior to the alveolar crest. Maintenance of tissues homeostasis is achieved in part by increasing the size of the fibroblast progenitor pool.
Differentiation between active and inactive human brucellosis by measuring antiprotein humoral immune responses (1992)

A preparation of Brucella abortus cytoplasmic proteins was depleted of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by immunoadsorption with a monoclonal antibody (MAb), BC68, specific for the O antigen of B. abortus smooth LPS. Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems were developed and used in this study. The first system includes an LPS-free cytoplasmic protein preparation; the second one was based on antigen capture on MAb BC68. By using these systems, we have demonstrated that 94% (33 of 35) of the brucellosis patients studied showed immunoglobulin G antiprotein response and also that all of the patients showed a strong anti-LPS reactivity. Thirty-six serologically positive individuals with no active infection at the time of examination (SPI) were also included. No immunoglobulin G antibodies against proteins were detected in 34 of them (92%), whereas 31 SPI (86%) showed various degrees of anti-LPS reactivity. The use of the LPS-free protein extract in ELISAs made it possible to establish differential reactivity patterns between active and inactive brucellosis.
Norms of Collegiality and Experimentation: Workplace Conditions of School Success (1982)

Semistructured interviews with 105 teachers and 14 administrators, supplemented by observation, provide data for a focused ethnography of the school as a workplace, specifically of organizational characteristics conducive to continued “learning on the job.” Four relatively successful and two relatively unsuccessful schools were studied. More successful schools, particularly those receptive to staff development, were differentiated from less successful (and less receptive) schools by patterned norms of interaction among staff In successful schools more than in unsuccessful ones, teachers valued and participated in norms of collegiality and continuous improvement (experimentation); they pursued a greater range of professional interactions with fellow teachers or administrators, including talk about instruction, structured observation, and shared planning or preparation. They did so with greater frequency, with a greater number and diversity of persons and locations, and with a more concrete and precise shared language. Findings suggest critical social organizational variables that lend themselves to quantitative study.
PP/PMMA Block Copolymers by Combination of ATRP and Metallocene Catalysis (2006)

Abstract PP‐b‐PMMA has been synthesized by a combination of metallocene catalysis and the controlled radical polymerization technique ATRP. Cp 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO and (Me 4 Cp)SiMe 2 (N‐tert‐Bu)TiCl 2 /MAO were used for the synthesis of atactic polypropylene. By a series of chemical modifications pp macroinitiators for the ATRP polymerization of MMA were synthesized. The PP‐b‐PMMA with polydispersities from 1.8–2.8 and an M n ranging from 8 to 26 kg/mol was characterized by 1 H‐NMR,SEC and DSC.
Aerodynamic Thrust Vectoring For Attitude Control Of A Vertically Thrusting Jet Engine (2021)

NASA’s long range vision for space exploration includes human and robotic missions to extraterrestrial bodies including the moon, asteroids and the martian surface. All feasible extraterrestrial landing sites in the solar system are smaller and have gravitational fields of lesser strength than Earth’s gravity field. Thus, a need exists for evaluating autonomous and human-piloted landing techniques in these reduced-gravity situations. A small-scale, free-flying, reduced-gravity simulation vehicle was designed by a group of senior mechanical engineering students with the help of faculty and graduate student advisors at Utah State University during the 2009-2010 academic year. The design reproduces many of the capabilities of NASA’s 1960s era lunar landing research vehicle using small, inexpensive modern digital avionics instead of the large, expensive analog technology available at that time. The final vehicle design consists of an outer maneuvering platform and an inner gravity offset platform. The two platforms are connected through a set of concentric gimbals which allow them to move in tandem through lateral, vertical, and yawing motions, while remaining independent of each other in rolling and pitching motions. A small radio-controlled jet engine was used on the inner platform to offset a fraction of Earth’s gravity (5/6th for lunar simulations), allowing the outer platform to act as though it is flying in a reduced-gravity environment. Imperative to the stability of the vehicle and fidelity of the simulation, the jet engine must remain in a vertical orientation to not contribute to lateral motions. To this end, a thrust vectoring mechanism was designed and built that, together with a suite of sensors and a closed loop control algorithm, enables precise orientation control of the jet engine. Detailed designs for the thrust vectoring mechanisms and control avionics are presented. The thrust vectoring mechanism uses thin airfoils, mounted directly behind the nozzle, to deflect the engine’s exhaust plume. Both pitch and yaw control can be generated. The thrust vectoring airfoil sections were sized using the two-dimensional airfoil section compressible-flow CFD code, XFOIL, developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Because of the high exhaust temperatures of the nozzle plume, viscous calculations derived from XFOIL were considered to be inaccurate. XFOIL was run in inviscid flow mode and viscosity adjustments were calculated using a Utah State University-developed compressible skin friction code. A series of ground tests were conducted to demonstrate the thrust vectoring system’s ability to control the orientation of the jet engine. Detailed test results are presented.
Exome capture from saliva produces high quality genomic and metagenomic data (2014)

DNA from human saliva samples, collected and extracted using standard procedures, can be used to successfully sequence high quality human exomes, and metagenomic data can be derived from non-human reads. We find that individuals from the Kalahari carry a higher oral pathogenic microbial load than samples surveyed in the Human Microbiome Project. Additionally, rare variants present in the exomes suggest strong population structure across different KhoeSan populations.
Interferon beta increases antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil against human colon carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. (1993)

The modulating effect of human fibroblast-derived interferon beta (IFN-beta) on the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) against human colon carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo was investigated. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was carried out in vitro using the cultured human colon cancer cell line C-1. IFN-beta at concentrations of 50, 500, 5,000 and 50,000 IU/ml was added to the cultured tumor cells with or without 5-FU at concentrations of 10, 50 and 500 micrograms/ml. The antitumor activity of 5-FU with or without IFN-beta was assessed using Co-4, a human colon carcinoma xenograft in nude mice, with reference to thymidylate synthetase inhibition. IFN-beta was administered subcutaneously daily for 14 days at doses of 6,000, 60,000 and 600,000 IU/mouse. The combined antitumor effect with 5-FU was evaluated by simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of 5-FU at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg daily for 10 days. The antitumor activity of IFN-beta alone increased in a dose-dependent manner against Co-4 in nude mice, whereas its antitumor activity in vitro against C-1 was limited. The synergistic effect of 5-FU and IFN-beta was observed both in vitro and in vivo, and the in vivo synergism was obtained without any enhancement of thymidylate synthetase inhibition or side effects in terms of death rate and body weight loss. These results suggest that the mechanism of the combined effect of 5-FU and IFN-beta is not related to enhancement of thymidylate synthetase inhibition or the host immune system, since human fibroblastoid IFN-beta is species-specific to humans. The clinical usefulness of this combination method for the treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma is expected.
Association of NAD(P)H Oxidase <i>p</i>22 phox Gene Variation With Advanced Carotid Atherosclerosis in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes (2003)

These results show that the C242T mutation in the p22 phox gene is associated with progression of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the subjects with type 2 diabetes and is also associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects.
Structural correlate of atrial fibrillation in human patients (2002)

The structural correlate of AF comprises extensive concomitant remodeling of mechanical and electrical junctions, reduction of Cx43, heterogeneous distribution of Cx40 in terms of different amounts of Cx40 in different RA tissues or in spatially adjacent regions of atrial myocardium. These changes, together with augmentation of fibrosis, may underlie localized conduction abnormalities and contribute to initiation and self-perpetuation of re-entry pathways and AF.
Isolation in XML Bases (2001)

The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is well accepted in many different application areas. As a consequence, there is an increasing need for persistently storing XML documents. As soon as many users and applications work concurrently on the same collection of XML documents - i.e. an XML base - isolating accesses and modifications of different transactions becomes an important issue. We discuss six different core protocols for synchronizing access to and modifications of XML document collections. These core protocols synchronize structure traversals and modifications. They are meant to be integrated into a native XML base management System (XBMS). Four of the six core protocols are based on two phase locking, one uses time stamps, and the last one uses a novel dynamic commit-ordering approach. The latter two protocols achieve a higher degree of concurrency by a novel implicit representation of multiple versions. We also discuss extensions of these core protocols to full-fledged protocols. Further, we show how the two phase locking based protocols can achieve a higher degree of concurrency by exploiting the semantics expressed in Document Type Definitions (DTDs).
Accelerated aging syndromes, are they relevant to normal human aging? (2011)

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria (HGPS) and Werner syndromes are diseases that clinically resemble some aspects of accelerated aging. HGPS is caused by mutations in theLMNA gene resulting in post-translational processing defects that trigger Progeria in children. Werner syndrome, arising from mutations in the WRN helicase gene, causes premature aging in young adults. What are the molecular mechanism(s) underlying these disorders and what aspects of the diseases resemble physiological human aging? Much of what we know stems from the study of patient derived fibroblasts with both mutations resulting in increased DNA damage, primarily at telomeres. However, in vivo patients with Werner's develop arteriosclerosis, among other pathologies. In HGPS patients, including iPS derived cells from HGPS patients, as well as some mouse models for Progeria, vascular smooth muscle (VSM) appears to be among the most severely affected tissues. Defective Lamin processing, associated with DNA damage, is present in VSM from old individuals, indicating processing defects may be a factor in normal aging. Whether persistent DNA damage, particularly at telomeres, is the root cause for these pathologies remains to be established, since not all progeroid Lmna mutations result in DNA damage and genome instability.
Preorganization in biological systems: Are conformational constraints worth the energy? (2007)

Abstract It is generally assumed that preorganizing a flexible ligand in the three-dimensional shape it adopts when bound to a macromolecular receptor will provide a derivative having an increased binding affinity, primarily because the rigidified molecule is expected to benefit from a lesser entropic penalty during complexation. We now provide the first experimental evidence that demonstrates this common belief is not universally true. Indeed, we find that ligand preorganization may be accompanied by an unfavorable entropy of binding, even when the constrained ligand exhibits a higher binding affinity than its flexible control. Thus, the effects that ligand preorganization have upon energetics and structure in protein-ligand interactions must be reevaluated.
Energy level alignment of poly(3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction (2009)

Photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and their blends on various conductive substrates. The study shows a P3HT-rich layer at the top of the P3HT:PCBM blend films. The energy level alignment of the top P3HT changes with the work function of the substrate and the PCBM concentration at the bottom surface of the blend film. The results can be explained using the integer charge transfer model.
Feature-based approach to object-oriented engineering of applications for reuse (2000)

Object-oriented technology is gaining popularity among software engineers with the goal of building reusable and adaptable software. Unfortunately, however, most methods introduced so far are not domain-oriented and do not address the issue of reuse directly. For these methods, software reuse is not the primary goal; it is only a by-product. The feature-oriented reuse method, FORM, is extended in this paper for improving the object-oriented engineering of applications for reuse. FORM concentrates on analyzing and modeling commonalities and differences in the applications of a given domain in terms of capability, operating environment, domain technology, and implementation technique features. These features are used to systematically derive objects that are tied to the features, and to develop reusable and adaptable domain architectures. We found that FORM facilitates analysis of variability (and commonality) of software before engineering and implementation start, and with this understanding, adaptability and reusability can be built into software. Feature modeling has been found to be an effective method for identifying and modeling reusable objects. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonstoichiometric Perovskite Oxides for Solar Thermochemical H2 and CO Production (2014)

Perovskite oxides (ABO3) are a largely unexplored class of materials in solar fuel applications. In this paper we examine the use of nonstoichiometric perovskite-type oxides in a two-step, solar-thermochemical water or carbon dioxide splitting cycle. We find that O2 begins to evolve during thermal reduction from a Sr- and Mn-doped LaAlO3 fully 300 °C lower than that of CeO2, and that these compounds will split both H2O and CO2. The yield of H2 and CO is significantly greater than CeO2, a benchmark material in solar fuels research, at a thermal reduction temperature 150 °C below that commonly reported for CeO2. In addition, the perovskite redox kinetics compare favorably to CeO2, which is known for its rapid reaction rates. We also find that an Fe- doped CaTiO3 is redox active and will split H2O, though the performance of this material is similar to that of CeO2. Finally, we introduce an experimental protocol that combines an ideal stagnation-flow reactor with detailed numerical modeling to effectively deconvolve intrinsic material behavior from interference induced by physical processes occurring inside the flow reactor. This method utilizes rate information contained within the entire time domain of the oxidation reaction, and assigns rate- governing processes to the material within the context of solid-state kinetic theory.
Orientation of cytochromes P450 in the endoplasmic reticulum (1991)

The orientation of eukaryotic cytochromes P450, with respect to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, has been investigated. There is now good evidence that the tertiary structure of these proteins is essentially the same as that of the soluble bacterial isoenzyme cytochrome P450CI, with the exception of an extension at the N-terminus which is thought to form a membrane-anchoring sequence. The remainder of the molecule protrudes from the cytosolic face of the membrane so that it can interact with substrates and electron-donating proteins. Two models based on this structure have been considered, in which the plane of the heme of cytochrome P450 is oriented either parallel with or perpendicular to the plane of the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. The validity of these models has been assessed from the results of studies involving the binding of antipeptide antibodies directed toward known regions of cytochromes P450, modeling of the interaction of cytochrome P450 with cytochrome b5, proposed intramolecular movements of cytochrome P450 during its catalytic cycle, and the partitioning of substrates for cytochrome P450 between the cytosol and membrane. It is concluded that cytochrome P450 is most likely oriented such that the heme is not fixed horizontal to the plane of the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and may well lie with the heme perpendicular to the membrane.
Electrophilic methylthiolation and arylthiolation of aromatic compounds with thiosulphonates (1971)

Six arenes were thiolated by treatment with RSSO2R (R=Me or p-MeC6H4) and AlCl3. Thus, p-xylene gave 51% 2,5-bis(methylthio)-p-xylene and 59% 2,5-bis(p-tolylthio)-p-xylene, resp.
Some Results On Quasi-systematic Constant Weight Codes (2005)

We construct a class of constant weight codes which are generalized from of a class of codes with distance 4 proposed bv Bose and Rao. The constructed codes are in auasi-svstematic
Effect of Aging and Physical Activity on Left Ventricular Compliance (2004)

A sedentary lifestyle during healthy aging is associated with decreased left ventricular compliance, leading to diminished diastolic performance. Prolonged, sustained endurance training preserves ventricular compliance with aging and may help to prevent heart failure in the elderly.
Telcofog: A Unified Flexible Fog And Cloud Computing Architecture For 5G Networks (2017)

We propose the TelcoFog architecture as a novel, secure, highly distributed and ultra-dense fog computing infrastructure, which can be allocated at the extreme edge of a wired/wireless network for a Telecom Operator to provide multiple unified, cost-effective and new 5G services, such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), and services for third parties (e.g., smart cities, vertical industries or Internet of Things (IoT)).