gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Top-Gate Staggered Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistors: Series Resistance and Nitride Thickness Effects (1998)

Top-gate staggered hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated over large-area glass substrates using a selective phosphorus-treatment (PT) of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) source/drain electrodes. The ohmic contact between a-Si:H and ITO had a specific contact resistivity of about 0.18 Ω·cm 2 . For a 100-µm channel length TFT, the source/drain series resistance contributes less than 5% of the total drain-to-source resistance. This contribution increases to about 25% for a 10-µm channel length TFT. Our study also indicated that the interface quality of a-Si:H/a-SiN x :H is amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiN x :H) and a-Si:H thickness independent and dependent, respectively. Effective interface state densities of about 1.5×10 12 cm -2 eV -1 and 3.2×10 12 cm -2 eV -1 were obtained for top-gate TFTs with a 1300 and 300 Å thick a-Si:H films, respectively. Channel conductance activation energy of about 0.1 eV was measured for this top-gate TFT with 300 Å a-Si:H.
Research on Key Techniques of Games Based on Symbian Platform (2011)

With the rapid increase of mobile phone, people’s requirements of entertainment have become higher and higher, the demand for the game is the most prominent. Game development based on Symbian platform has higher efficient implementation and powerful function. There is the problem of screen flickering for most games written by beginners. By introducing the problems that encountered in the development of Sudoku game, showing new methods that how to use double buffering and direct screen access technology to solve the problem of screen flashes that exist in the game interface, as a result the fluency of the game’s interface has been greatly improved.
Palladium Devices for Gas Chromatography (1970)

Investigations have been conducted into the unique properties of palladium alloys to selectively allow the permeation of hydrogen through the metal in an efficient manner. As an outgrowth of these investigations, several practical devices for gas chromatographic systems have been designed, fabricated, and tested. These devices include: A palladium transmodulator, a palladium separator for joining a gas chromatograph directly to a mass spectrometer, a combination hydrogen generator-separator, and a palladium detector. Using the combination hydrogen generator-separator and the palladium detector, an integrated circuit gas chromatographic system is described.
The SRI24 multichannel atlas of normal adult human brain structure (2009)

This article describes the SRI24 atlas, a new standard reference system of normal human brain anatomy, that was created using template-free population registration of high-resolution magnetic resonance images acquired at 3T in a group of 24 normal control subjects. The atlas comprises anatomical channels (T1, T2, and proton density weighted), diffusion-related channels (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, longitudinal diffusivity, mean diffusion-weighted image), tissue channels (CSF probability, gray matter probability, white matter probability, tissue labels), and two cortical parcellation maps. The SRI24 atlas enables multichannel atlas-to-subject image registration. It is uniquely versatile in that it is equally suited for the two fundamentally different atlas applications: label propagation and spatial normalization. Label propagation, herein demonstrated using diffusion tensor image fiber tracking, is enabled by the increased sharpness of the SRI24 atlas compared with other available atlases. Spatial normalization, herein demonstrated using data from a young-old group comparison study, is enabled by its unbiased average population shape property. For both propagation and normalization, we also report the results of quantitative comparisons with seven other published atlases: Colin27, MNI152, ICBM452 (warp5 and air12), and LPBA40 (SPM5, FLIRT, AIR). Our results suggest that the SRI24 atlas, although based on 3T MR data, allows equally accurate spatial normalization of data acquired at 1.5T as the comparison atlases, all of which are based on 1.5T data. Furthermore, the SRI24 atlas is as suitable for label propagation as the comparison atlases and detailed enough to allow delineation of anatomical structures for this purpose directly in the atlas.
InGaAs/AlAs/InGaAsP resonant tunneling hot electron transistors grown by chemical beam epitaxy (1994)

InP-based resonant tunneling hot electron transistors (RHET's) were studied systematically using chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) for the first time. All the RHET's studied have a highly strained AlAs/In/sub 0.75/Ga/sub 0.25/As/AlAs resonant tunneling double barrier as a hot electron injector, and an InP collector barrier with or without InGaAsP graded layers. The highest transport ratio (/spl alpha/) observed is 0.98, and the highest peak-to-valley current ratios (PVR's) measured are 20 and 200 in the collector current and base current, respectively, at 80 K. A self-consistent simulation is used as a reference to optimize the hot electron injector and to explain the ballistic transport. An energy spectrometer technique was applied to the RHET's for resolving the hot electron energy distribution which showed a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of around 58 meV, indicating ballistic transport of electrons. Finally, room temperature transistor action was also observed with a /spl beta/ of 4 and a cutoff frequency of 31 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Controlled Cortical Impact Injury Model (2008)

Controlled focal mechanical cortical deformations in rodents have been widely used to model histological, physiological, neurochemical, and functional aspects of human traumatic brain injury. The most common technique termed controlled cortical impact (CCI) utilizes a mechanically actuated piston to control the velocity and depth of cortical impact. In this chapter, we introduce step-by-step procedures to perform a typical CCI in rodents. Details regarding anesthesia, surgery and CCI device operation are included.
Evaluation of boron removal by adsorption on solids (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of boron removal by adsorption on solidsWon-Wook Choi and Kenneth Y. ChenCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1979, 13, 2, 189–196Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60150a012https://doi.org/10.1021/es60150a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views867Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intelligent vehicle power management using machine learning and fuzzy logic (2008)

We present our research in optimal power management for a generic vehicle power system that has multiple power sources using machine learning and fuzzy logic. A machine learning algorithm, LOPPS, has been developed to learn about optimal power source combinations with respect to minimum power loss for all possible load requests and various system power states. The results generated by the LOPPS are used to build a fuzzy power controller (FPC). FPC is integrated into a simulation program implemented by using a generic simulation software as indicated in reference [22] and is used to dynamically allocate optimal power sources during online drive. The simulation results generated by FPC show that the proposed machine learning algorithm combined with fuzzy logic is a promising technology for vehicle power management.
Rapid controlled thawing of fresh‐frozen plasma in a modified microwave oven (1984)

A microwave oven has been specifically modified to permit rapid thawing of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) by using a rotating disc with a temperature sensor to hold the plasma bag. This modification makes it possible to mix the FFP continuously during thawing, and automatically shuts the oven off when the plasma reaches 21 degrees C. Comparisons were made between FFP thawed in the modified microwave oven and FFP thawed conventionally in a 37 degrees C waterbath. The following tests were done: total protein, albumin, and immunoglobulin concentrations; plasma fibrinogen, factor VIII, and factor IX activities; protein electrophoresis, albumin aggregation, hemolytic complement activity, and plasma particle count and size. In no case was there a significant difference between plasma thawed in the microwave oven compared with that thawed in the waterbath. Further, microwave thawing was reliable and rapid; all units of FFP thawed in less than 6 minutes, and the thawed plasma did not vary by more than 6 degrees C from the preselected final temperature of 21 degrees C. Thus, it appears that controlled thawing of FFP in a microwave oven specifically designed for this purpose is an effective and reliable method and has many advantages over conventional thawing of FFP.
Pseudo-social network targeting from consumer transaction data (2011)

This design science paper presents a method for targeting consumers based on a 'pseudo-social network' (PSN): consumers are linked if they transfer money to the same entities. A marketer can target those individuals that are strongly connected to key individuals. We present the PSN design and a large-scale empirical study using data from a major bank. For two different product offerings, consumers that are close to existing customers in the PSN have significantly higher take rates than the 'most likely' candidates identified by state-of-the-art socio-demographic (SD) predictive modeling. Interestingly, the PSN targeting only does better for the closest neighbors. However, the different models capture different information: combining the two does significantly better than either alone. The results demonstrate that social targeting can be applied broadly, to settings where the network among consumers is unlikely to be a true social network, but nonetheless captures inherent similarity.
High efficiency, multiplication free approximation of arithmetic coding (2002)

An alternative procedure for reducing the computational complexity, which is applicable to both binary and multialphabet arithmetic coding, is described and its performance analysed with respect to the small increase in code length.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Nasal Capsaicin Pretreatment and Cryosurgery on Sneezing Reflexes, Neurogenic Plasma Extravasation, Sensory and Sympathetic Neurons (1985)

Local and systemic capsaicin pretreatment as well cryosurgery induced a long-lasting loss of sensory substance P-immunoreactive nerves in the guinea-pig nasal mucosa. In addition, cryosurgery caused a loss of noradrenergic sympathetic nerves, sclerosis of blood vessels, epithelial damage and fibrosis of the mucosa. The sneezing response to local application of capsaicin--but not that to nicotine--was reduced or abolished by capsaicin pretreatment and cryosurgery, while the response to tactile stimulation was unaffected. These effects were long-lasting and still present 2 months after treatment. Local capsaicin pretreatment of the nasal mucosa had no effects on the substance P levels or the Evans Blue extravasation response to i.v. capsaicin in the ureter, indicating that this treatment has no systemic effects on other afferent SP-neurons. It is suggested that local capsaicin pretreatment is a more selective and less traumatic method than cryosurgery to induce a long-lasting desensitization of the nasal mucosa to chemical irritants in hyperreactive disorders of the nose.
Solution-Processed and High-Performance Organic Solar Cells Using Small Molecules with a Benzodithiophene Unit (2013)

Three small molecules named DR3TBDTT, DR3TBDTT-HD, and DR3TBD2T with a benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) unit as the central building block have been designed and synthesized for solution-processed bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 8.12% (certified 7.61%) and 8.02% under AM 1.5G irradiation (100 mW cm(-2)) have been achieved for DR3TBDTT- and DR3TBDT2T-based organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) with PC71BM as the acceptor, respectively. The better PCEs were achieved by improving the short-circuit current density without sacrificing the high open-circuit voltage and fill factor through the strategy of incorporating the advantages of both conventional small molecules and polymers for OPVs.
Gradient Hydrogel Matrix for Microarray and Biosensor Applications: An Imaging SPR Study (2008)

A biosensor matrix based on UV-initiated graft copolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate has been studied using imaging surface plasmon resonance (iSPR). By using a photo mask and a programmable shutter to vary the exposure time laterally, a gradient of matrix spots with physical thicknesses ranging from a few to tens of nanometers was generated. To maximize the dynamic range, imaging SPR was employed in wavelength interrogation mode. By finding the minimum in the reflectance spectra from each pixel of an image, SPR wavelength maps were constructed. The shift in SPR wavelength upon biospecific interaction was then measured both as a function of matrix thickness and composition. The performance of the matrix was evaluated in terms of immobilization of human serum albumin, biomolecular interaction with its antibody, and nonspecific binding of human fibrinogen. In addition, a low molecular weight interaction pair based on a synthetic polypeptide and calmodulin was also studied to explore the size selectivity of the hydrogel matrix. Our results show that the gradient matrix exhibits excellent properties for quick evaluation and screening of optimal hydrogel performance. The mixed hydrogel matrices display very low levels of nonspecific binding. It is also evident that the low molecular weight calmodulin is capable of freely diffusing and interacting throughout the entire hydrogel matrix, whereas the much larger albumin and its corresponding antibody, in particular, are partly/completely hindered from penetrating the interior of the matrix. This size-selectivity is attributed to a significant UV-initiated cross-linking or branching of the matrix during fabrication and/or protein mediated multipoint attachment during immobilization.
Making 'Time' Pay Dividends (1940)

Imagine a third offender, serving from 10-20 years, saying "Gee, this 'Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves' is good stuff.No fooling, I always thought that it was only for -kids."Worth-while literature, as was pointed out to the man who made the statement, is for "all the ages" not only in the sense of everlasting, but also in the sense of any chronological-age level of humans.For, one of the functions of literature is to afford "escape" and at the same time, to teach pe6ple to live better lives regardless of how old they are.When a teacher of English faces a class of prisoners, a number of problems present themselves, which, seemingly are peculiar to this situation.Many of the men in jail agree that the most difficult subject for them when they attended school on the "outside" was English.This resulted in many leaving school without completing an elementary education, for it is during this period that stress is placed on the grammar, spelling, and composition work of English.Naturally, for the child not interested in tedious forms, truancy comes easily.This information is found in the case history of various inmates.How, then, is the teacher of these inmates to overcome a certain insouciance toward his subject matter and, at the same time, teach a basic
Deposition of Hydrogenated Si Clusters on Si(111)-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math>Surfaces (1998)

We have studied surface structures arising from the deposition of stable hydrogenated Si cluster ions, ${\mathrm{Si}}_{6}{\mathrm{H}}_{13}^{+}$ on $\mathrm{Si}(111)\ensuremath{-}(7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7)$, using scanning tunneling microscopy. The ${\mathrm{Si}}_{6}{\mathrm{H}}_{13}^{+}$ clusters, which have a ring structure with ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}$ bonding, have been deposited on Si(111) with a deposition energy of 18 eV at room temperature. The clusters preferentially adsorbed at the lower terrace of the steps. Few clusters were observed on the flat surfaces, showing that the cluster is mobile on the surface due to its weak interaction with Si(111). Hexagonal-type ordering with the $(\sqrt{7}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{7})R\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}19.1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ configuration consisting of ${\mathrm{Si}}_{6}{\mathrm{H}}_{12}$, which was converted from ${\mathrm{Si}}_{6}{\mathrm{H}}_{13}^{+}$ after landing, was observed partially.
Stabilization of Controlled Current Induction Motor Drive Systems via New Nonlinear State Observer (1980)

In this paper a new bilinear and nonlinear second-order state observer which is globally asymptotically stable is constructed to estimate the unmeasurable state variables. Then an unstable controlled current induction motor drive system which cannot be stabilized by a linear state observer is successfully stabilized by feeding the reconstructed state variables from the nonlinear observer to the frequency control channel. This scheme is easily implementable, resulting in an asymptotically stable overall closed-loop system. These results are numerically verified by simulation.
Design optimisation of an offshore vertical axis wind turbine (2013)

Horizontal axis wind turbines have a number of limitations for offshore operations, particularly in deep water (i.e. over 50 m). For example, scalability restrictions, the necessity for high lift installations offshore requiring specialist vessels, high gravitational and aerodynamic moments on the support structure and a need to maintain rotary equipment at heights typically over 60–80 m. Conversely, vertical axis wind turbines have several inherent attributes that offer some advantages for offshore operations, particularly their scalability and low over-turning moments with better accessibility to drivetrain components. This paper describes the aerodynamic optimisation of a novel 10 MW vertical axis wind turbine rotor shape offering a low-stress design to minimise manufacturing and maintenance costs of the whole turbine assembly including the supporting structure and foundations. The Aerogenerator vertical axis wind turbine is self-supporting so does not require a supporting tower, giving a low centre of gravity and producing significantly lower aerodynamic over-turning moments than conventional vertical axis wind turbines or horizontal axis wind turbines, making it a credible option for a floating, deep water platform. A numerical optimisation procedure is described to minimise the Aerogenerator weight while imposing aerodynamic, mechanical and structural side constraints. The study proposes a novel ‘sycamore’-shaped rotor design that demonstrates a lower cost of energy compared with conventional offshore turbines.
Boltzmann machine neuron circuit using single-electron tunneling (1997)

The inherent stochastic character of single-electron tunneling can be effectively utilized for creating novel electronic circuits having high-level functions. As a sample application, we present a stochastic-response circuit for implementing Boltzmann machine neurons. The circuit consists of a single-electron circuit operating under unstable conditions. It can produce an output of a random 1–0 bit stream with the probability for an output of 1 controlled by an input signal—a task that is difficult for conventional circuits using ordinary electronic devices.
Ligand-Induced Luminescence Transformation in AgInS<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles: From Defect Emission to Band-Edge Emission (2020)

I-III-VI<sub>2</sub> semiconductor nanoparticles are strong candidates for fluorescent materials composed of nontoxic elements substituting highly fluorescent CdSe nanoparticles. Photoluminescence of I-III-VI<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles essentially arise due to defect emission characterized by a broad spectral feature. Band-edge emission exhibits radiation with high monochromaticity, which can drastically expand its application range. Hence, numerous studies were conducted to realize band-edge emission. A successful observation of the band-edge emission was reported only when fabricating GaS<sub><i>x</i></sub> or InS<sub><i>x</i></sub> shells around AgInS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles via surface trap site passivation. This study demonstrates a much easier method of providing band-edge emission from AgInS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles using organic ligands of trioctylphosphine (TOP). Along with the TOP ligand formation around AgInS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, the defect emission increases once and then decreases in conjunction with the appearance of the band-edge emission. Therefore, TOP ligands can passivate carrier trapping sites for radiative recombination as well as fluorescence quenching sites.
A passive input current waveshaping method for three-phase diode rectifiers (2002)

A passive waveshaping method for a three-phase diode rectifier is presented. It is shown that application of the proposed passive method yields significantly higher input power factor, lower input current distortion factor, lower input RMS current, and a lower total volt-ampere (VA) rating of the reactive components than the conventional three-phase diode rectifier. Relevant input and output current waveforms, component ratings, and power factor values are derived. Different modes of operation are investigated as a means of improving performance. Predicted results are verified experimentally on a laboratory prototype unit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Database of non-canonical base pairs found in known RNA structures (2000)

Atomic resolution RNA structures are being published at an increasing rate. It is common to find a modest number of non-canonical base pairs in these structures in addition to the usual Watson-Crick pairs. This database summarizes the occurrence of these rare base pairs in accordance with standard nomenclature. The database, http://prion.bchs.uh.edu/, contains information such as sequence context, sugar pucker conformation, anti / syn base conformations, chemical shift, p K (a)values, melting temperature and free energy. Of the 29 anticipated pairs with two or more hydrogen bonds, 20 have been encountered to date. In addition, four unexpected pairs with two hydrogen bonds have been reported bringing the total to 24. Single hydrogen bond versions of five of the expected geometries have been encountered among the single hydrogen bond interactions. In addition, 18 different types of base triplets have been encountered, each of which involves three to six hydrogen bonds. The vast majority of the rare base pairs are antiparallel with the bases in the anti configuration relative to the ribose. The most common are the GU wobble, the Sheared GA pair, the Reverse Hoogsteen pair and the GA imino pair.