gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The function of bleaching earths in the processing of palm, palm kernel and coconut oils (1985)

Abstract The results presented in the literature, which attempt to elucidate the mechanisms by which triglyceride oils are bleached by earths, are reviewed. The impact of this work and how the mechanistic proposals affect changes in oil properties are considered, with particular emphasis on the needs of the palm oil processor. Important properties include color, metals and phosphorus content and oxidative stability of the oil. Investigations made in our own laboratories have been aimed at elucidating the effect of varying physical and chemical properties of the bleaching earth on the quality of bleached and deodorized oils. Techniques used in this work are pore‐size distribution, surface area, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and a variety of chemical and X‐ray analysis methods. The ability to vary such parameters in montmorillonite clays by alteration of process conditions to give materials with specific performance characteristics is demonstrated. Comparisons are made between acid‐activated montmorillonites and other clay types.
Drug treatment of epilepsy in the century of the ILAE: The first 50 years, 1909–1958 (2009)

This paper provides a review of the drug treatment of epilepsy from 1909, the year of the foundation of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), to 1958. It was during this period that modern approaches to the medicinal therapy of epilepsy were formulated and many new drugs were introduced. Of these, both phenytoin and phenobarbital continue to be widely used today. This was the period when scientific screening was also introduced into drug discovery. The leading figures in the ILAE played an important role in guiding the evolution of the treatment of epilepsy during this period.
On TCM schemes transparent to constant phase and frequency shifts (2002)

The problem of digital transmission over a channel with phase ambiguity generated by a constant phase shift or (Doppler) frequency shift is considered. To remove this phase ambiguity differential encoding/decoding techniques are used in systems with combined modulation and coding, provided that the transmitted sequence is transparent to the phase rotations of the signal space. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a trellis-coded modulation (TCM) scheme to be fully transparent rotationally invariant are derived. Procedures for the design of fully transparent phase-invariant trellis codes (PIC), Doppler-invariant trellis codes (DIC), and phase/Doppler-invariant trellis codes (PDIC) are proposed. Examples are given to clarify the design procedures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interaction of Peroxidases with Aromatic Peracids and Alkyl Peroxides (1972)

Abstract Two limiting structures may be assigned to the primary derivative of peroxidases (Compound I) demanding either (a) total or (b) partial retention of peroxide components. It is now shown that (a) interaction of horseradish peroxidase with m-nitroperbenzoic acid, in 15 mm phosphate, pH 6.2, 25°, leads to the stoichiometric formation of the enzyme-peroxide derivative, m-nitrobenzoate and 1 proton; and (b) in 5 mm phosphate, pH 6.6, 10°, the conversion of horseradish peroxidase into Compound I with ethyl hydrogen peroxide, is attended by the release of ethanol, but without concomitant prototropic changes. The results establish that horseradish peroxidase (H-peroxidase) Compound I is not an enzyme peroxide complex, but a derivative in which the active site is oxidized. The optical spectra of H-peroxidase and Compound I in 5 mm phosphate, pH 6.6, 25°, were re-examined and extended to include previously undefined features in the near infrared absorption region. The spectrum of Compound I is devoid of bands typical of isoporphyrins, suggesting that conversion of the enzyme into Compound I does not involve covalent modification of the prosthetic group.
Characterization of natural illuminants in forests and the use of digital video data to reconstruct illuminant spectra (2000)

We describe illumination spectra in forests and show that they can be accurately recovered from recorded digital video images. Natural illuminant spectra of 238 samples measured in temperate forests were characterized by principal-component analysis. The spectra can be accurately approximated by the mean and the first two principal components. Compared with illumination under open skies, the loci of forest illuminants are displaced toward the green region in the chromaticity plots, and unlike open sky illumination they cannot be characterized by correlated color temperature. We show that it is possible to recover illuminant spectra accurately from digital video images by a linear least-squares-fit estimation technique. The use of digital video data in spectral analysis provides a promising new approach to the studies of the spatial and temporal variation of illumination in natural scenes and the understanding of color vision in natural environments.
Synthesis of sinusoids via non-overlapping inverse Fourier transform (2000)

Additive synthesis is a powerful tool for the analysis/modification/synthesis of complex audio or speech signals. However, the cost of wavetable sinusoidal synthesis can become prohibitive for large numbers of sinusoids (more than a few hundred). In that case, techniques based on the inverse Fourier transform offer an attractive alternative, being 200-300% more efficient than wavetable synthesis depending on the number of sinusoids. This paper presents an improved technique based on the concatenation of short-term signals obtained by inverse Fourier transforms. In contrast to the standard overlap-add technique, the new algorithm requires synthesizing sinusoids in the frequency domain whose time-domain amplitudes vary linearly within the synthesis frame. The technique is shown to achieve higher quality than the standard overlap-add technique, at the cost of a small increase in computation.
An approach to statistical lip modelling for speaker identification via chromatic feature extraction (2002)

This paper presents a novel technique for the tracking of moving lips for the purpose of speaker identification. In our system, a model of the lip contour is formed directly from chromatic information in the lip region. Iterative refinement of contour point estimates is not required. Colour features are extracted from the lips via concatenated profiles taken around the lip contour. Reduction of order in lip features is obtained via principal component analysis (PCA) followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Statistical speaker models are built from the lip features based on the Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Identification experiments performed on the M2VTS/sup 1/ database, show encouraging results.
Emission through one of two metal electrodes of an organic light-emitting diode via surface-plasmon cross coupling (2002)

We report strong surface emission from an organic light-emitting diode in which the luminescent material resides between two nearly opaque metal electrodes. Experimental and theoretical analyses indicate that cross coupling between surface plasmons on opposite sides of the metal cathode layer enables the transmission of electroluminescence through the practically opaque metal. The application of this physical process has the potential to expand the range of device structures possible for organic light-emitting diodes and other electroluminescent devices.
7.6-8.6GHz Tunable Active MMIC Filter For Agile On-Chip X-Band Radar Receiver Front-Ends (2003)

In this paper, we evaluate a new design of a previously presented (second order) tunable active X-band MMIC filter. By using a two-stage low noise amplifier in each filter section a higher filter gain and selectivity as well as a lower filter noise figure can be achieved at the expense of a smaller filter tuning range. The filter is tunable to eight different center frequencies between 7.6-8.6GHz. Typical measured data for all eight tuning states show a maximum gain that varies between 13-26dB, a 4-5dB noise figure and a spurious-free dynamic range of 58-67dB. The presented filter could potentially be utilized as an important building block to realize agile compact on-chip receiver front-ends for future adaptive X-band radar array antennas, for example.
Fiber Optic Magnetometer Design (1984)

Magnetic sensors have been used in applications ranging from keyboard switches to submarine detection. Recently developed fiber optic magnetometers promise to provide high performance/moderate cost alternative to existing sensors. The special properties of fiber magnetometers such as directional response, high sensitivity, room temperature operation are discussed in the context of other magnetometers. Fiber magnetometer design considerations, fabrication procedures, and performance measurements using magnetostrictive alloy coatings are presented. Optimum performance is obtained with a 36% - 64% nickel-iron alloy electroplated over the polymer jacket on a single mode fiber. Sensor designs for fiber optic magnetometers are shown.
Factors Influencing Efficiency of Non-English Majors' IVA (2009)

Based on the former empirical study,factors such as the length of a word,the density of new words,the occurrence frequency of a word that influence the efficiency of non-English majors' incidental vocabulary acquisition(IVA) are discussed in order to help students have a better acquisition of incidental vocabulary in the training of their language skills.
Nature of the Ferryl Heme in Compounds I and II (2010)

Heme enzymes are ubiquitous in biology and catalyze a vast array of biological redox processes. The formation of high valent ferryl intermediates of the heme iron (known as Compounds I and Compound II) is implicated for a number of catalytic heme enzymes, but these species are formed only transiently and thus have proved somewhat elusive. In consequence, there has been conflicting evidence as to the nature of these ferryl intermediates in a number of different heme enzymes, in particular the precise nature of the bond between the heme iron and the bound oxygen atom. In this work, we present high resolution crystal structures of both Compound I and Compound II intermediates in two different heme peroxidase enzymes, cytochrome c peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase, allowing direct and accurate comparison of the bonding interactions in the different intermediates. A consistent picture emerges across all structures, showing lengthening of the ferryl oxygen bond (and presumed protonation) on reduction of Compound I to Compound II. These data clarify long standing inconsistencies on the nature of the ferryl heme species in these intermediates.
Fibroblastic response to treatment with different preparations rich in growth factors (2009)

Optimizing composition and use of platelet-rich products is crucial to enhancing the therapeutic potential of this technology. Our data show that the biological effects of PRGF may depend on concentration of platelets and on the anatomical source of the cells.
Can peripheral leukocytes be used as Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers? (2009)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in elderly populations throughout the world and its incidence is on the rise. Current clinical diagnosis of AD requires intensive examination that includes neuropsychological testing and costly brain imaging techniques, and a definitive diagnosis can only be made upon postmortem neuropathological examination. Additionally, antemortem clinical AD diagnosis is typically administered following onset of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. As these symptoms emerge relatively late in disease progression, therapeutic intervention occurs after significant neurodegeneration, thereby limiting efficacy. The identification of noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers of AD is becoming increasingly important to make diagnosis more widely available to clinics with limited access to neuropsychological testing or state-of-the-art brain imaging, reduce the cost of clinical diagnosis, provide a biological measure to track the course of therapeutic intervention, and most importantly, allow for earlier diagnosis--possibly even during the prodromal phase--with hopes of therapeutic intervention prior to appreciable neurodegeneration. Circulating leukocytes are attractive candidate AD biomarkers as they can be obtained in a minimally invasive manner and are easily analyzed by widely available flow cytometry techniques. In this review, we critically analyze the potential utility of peripheral leukocytes as biological markers for AD.
Childhood Trauma Associated With Smaller Hippocampal Volume in Women With Major Depression (2002)

A smaller hippocampal volume in adult women with major depressive disorder was observed exclusively in those who had a history of severe and prolonged physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood. An unreported history of childhood abuse in depressed subjects could in part explain the inconsistencies in hippocampal volume findings in prior studies in major depressive disorder.
Calculation of the Sensitivity Image in List-Mode Reconstruction (2006)

List-mode image reconstruction is attracting renewed interests in emission tomography as the number of possible lines of response (LORs) in modern scanners becomes more than the number of detected events in one data set. The advantage of list-mode processing is that it eliminates the storage of empty sinogram bins. However, a single back projection of all LORs is still necessary for calculating the sensitivity image. Since the detection sensitivity is dependent on the object attenuation and detector efficiency, the sensitivity image must be computed for each study. Exact computation of the sensitivity image can be a daunting task for modern scanners with a huge number of LORs. Thus, some fast approximate calculation is desirable. Here we use theoretical results that we have derived to analyze a Monte Carlo based backprojection approach for calculating the sensitivity image. We derive expressions for the total number of LORs required in the backprojection and the sampling distribution. Computer simulations show that the new sampling schemes can reduce reconstruction artifact compared to the uniform sampling approach with the same computation cost.
A sector-based campus-wide indoor positioning system (2010)

The purpose of this paper is to describe a campus-wide indoor and outdoor positioning system developed at the School of Surveying and Spatial Information Systems at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. The system uses a Wi-Fi positioning technique known as `fingerprinting' to locate users indoors, and GPS to locate users outdoors. Fingerprinting first requires the building up of a database of signal strengths from different Wi-Fi access points taken at different points across the area of interest. Then, the user scans the signal strengths in the wireless network and sends the data to the database, which will find the closest match, and return the likeliest location of the user. Our work investigates different approaches to database generation and fingerprint matching, and their impact on system performance. We find that reducing the time for the survey phase by half does not impact significantly on the final accuracy of the system. The system is also tested outdoors to investigate whether Wi-Fi can challenge GPS for outdoor positioning, and we find that Wi-Fi can match, and sometimes outperform GPS in terms of accuracy.
A numerical study of vertical transport in arbitrary quantum well structures (2004)

Numerical studies of transient and steady state one-dimensional transport through resonant tunneling structures (RTSs) have been widely reported. For the most part, the structures studied have been symmetric with a single well. Following the method of Buot-Jensen, we apply a lattice Weyl-Wigner 1D single band transport code to both double barrier (DBRTS) and multiple barrier (TBRTS) GaAs/AlGaAs structures which are spatial and energetically asymmetric. Both the transient and steady state behaviors are studied. We show that the current-voltage characteristics can (a) vary drastically from those obtained from the associated symmetric structure, and (b) do not follow in a smooth manner with varying asymmetries. We also show how a n-barrier system behaves when approaching a superlattice (n/spl sim/6), and discuss the feasibility of using a Bloch function approach to simulate a superlattice.
Contribution of environmental fibers to respiratory cancer. (1986)

This article reviews studies of the carcinogenicity of mineral fibers, notably asbestos, and presents seven major recommendations for further research. Mineral fibers represent the greatest cause--after cigarette smoke--of respiratory cancer due to air pollutants. Past asbestos exposure may currently account for 2000 mesothelioma deaths per year and 4000 to 6000 lung cancer deaths per year. All major commercial types of asbestos (crocidolite, amosite, and chrysotile) can cause each of the major asbestos-related respiratory diseases. Lung cancers in asbestos-exposed individuals probably do not have a different distribution of histological types from that of non-asbestos-related lung cancers. Nonoccupational exposures are likely to be associated with malignant disease outcomes qualitatively similar to those associated with occupational exposures. Further investigations of fibers are needed to characterize the relationships among physicochemical properties, patterns of migration and clearance, dose, and adverse health effects. Transmission electron microscopy has been found to be the preferred method of analysis of environmental fibers. Relations among time factors (e.g., age at first exposure), dose, and risk for adverse health effects require analyses of existing and new epidemiologic studies of exposed cohorts. Concomitant exposure, behavioral factors, and host factors affecting susceptibility to asbestos should be identified.
A high temperature, double-sided cooling SiC power electronics module (2013)

A high temperature, wire-bondless power electronics module with a double-sided cooling capability is proposed and successfully fabricated. In this module, a low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate was used as the dielectric and chip carrier. Conducting vias were created on the LTCC carrier to realize the interconnection. The absent of a base plate reduced the overall thermal resistance and also improved the fatigue life by eliminating a large-area solder layer. Nano silver paste was used to attach power devices to the DBC substrate as well as to pattern the gate connection. Finite element simulations were used to compare the thermal performance to several reported double-sided power modules. Electrical measurements of a SiC MOSFET and SiC diode switching position demonstrated the functionality of the module.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D Assays: The Quest For Accuracy (2009)

The recently reported difficulties experienced by Quest Laboratories (1) have once again highlighted concerns about the reliability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D)1 results, particularly those generated by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the method used by Quest. In the New York Times article of January 8, 2009 (1), a spokesman for Quest admitted that some erroneous results were reported because of problems with calibration and that some of their laboratories “did not always follow proper procedures.” One suspects these shortcomings were influenced by the eye-watering number of 25-OH-D requests received by Quest: 500 000 per month according to John Cannell, quoted in a pathologist’s newsletter (2). This unfortunate episode dramatically emphasizes the need for a rigorous internal quality-assurance system. Such a system must include a role for a quality manager (preferably independent) who should be responsible for the monitoring of internal quality controls and the results of external proficiency-testing schemes. Some of us learned of the Quest problem through John Cannell’s Vitamin D Council newsletter sent out in July 2008 (3). In the same issue, he was promoting, without apparent irony, a commercial kit designed to “accurately” measure 25-OH-D in patient-generated blood spots, a technique that cannot easily be monitored by external proficiency-testing schemes.

Those of us who work in clinical laboratories know that “stuff happens.” At some stage in our careers, many of us will probably have to contact clinical colleagues to admit reporting errors of some sort, although almost certainly not on the scale reported in the New York Times . It is to Quest’s credit that they admitted the problem and offered to repeat these analyses free of charge.

It is important that the publicity given to Quest’s problems not lead to LC-MS/MS being regarded as an inherently unreliable technique. The introduction of LC-MS/MS represents …
Development of Bioactive Functions in Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium. II. Antiulcer, Antiallergy, and Cholagoic Effects of the Extract from Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium (1994)

In order to develop new bioactive functions of Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium, the fermented and dried leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla Seringe var. thunbergii Makino, effects of the methanolic extract from the crude drug on antiucler, antiallergic, cholagoic, and various pharmacological actions were investigated. Consequently, the methanolic extract was found to exhibit potent antiulcer, antiallergic, and cholagoic activities. By monitoring with these activities, it was found that the active constituents were contained in the lipophilic portion of the methanolic extract. Furthermore, the known lipophilic constituents such as phyllodulcin and hydrangenol were found to show little antiulcer and cholagoic activities, while it was also found that they showed antiallergic activity on Schultz-Dale reactions.
Transforming Growth Factor β in Bovine Placentas1 (1996)

Transforming growth factor beta s (TGF beta) are a family of multifunctional growth factors that are important embryonic morphogens. Because TGF beta s may regulate the development of epitheliochorial placentas, we investigated the location, expression, secretion, and effects of TGF beta s in bovine placentomes and cell cultures derived from chorionic and endometrial epithelia. Placentomes from early second-trimester pregnancies were examined by immunohistochemistry for TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2, and TGF beta 3, and for TGF beta expression in Northern slot-blots. Effects of TGF beta s were assessed in trophoblastic and endometrial epithelial cell lines by DNA synthesis assays. Secretion of TGF beta s by trophoblastic and endometrial epithelial cells was determined using bioassays. All forms of TGF beta were immunolocalized in bovine placentomes. TGF beta mRNA was expressed in chorioallantois, caruncles, and in cultured trophoblastic and endometrial epithelial cells. Endometrial and trophoblastic cells secreted active and latent TGF beta s, and these cells had a transient proliferative response to all forms of TGF beta. These results indicate that TGF beta s are present at the fetal-maternal interface of the bovine placentome and may promote endometrial and chorionic growth.