gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF PHOTON IRRADIANCE ON THE BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND POTENTIAL NICHE SEPARATION OF FRESHWATER PHYTOPLANKTONIC FLAGELLATES<sup>1</sup> (2003)

Photoresponsive behavior in phytoplanktonic flagellates potentially controls depth regulation, vertical migration, and the accumulation of cells in preferred conditions and hence has major implications for photosynthesis, growth, and species competition. This study used microscale laboratory chambers with cell track analysis and mesoscale lake studies to investigate the responses of five phylogenetically contrasting freshwater flagellates to gradients of light. Laboratory results demonstrated that these species differed in their light preferences despite being grown at the same photon irradiance. Preferred photon irradiances were 20–120, 20, 65–120, 4–20, and>200 μmol photons·m −2 ·s −1 , respectively, for Ceratium furcoides (Levander) Langhans, Chlamydomonas moewusii Gerloff, Dinobryon sertularia Ehrenberg, Euglena gracilis Klebs, and Plagioselmis nannoplanctica (Skuja) Novarino. Analysis of the response of individual cells showed that in all species, photoresponsive preference was the result of positive and negative phototaxis combined with step‐up and step‐down photophobic reactions. There was no evidence for photokinesis or cell memory. Only in C. furcoides did the preferred photon irradiance alter with growth conditions. In C. furcoides , D. sertularia , and P. nannoplanctica , irradiance preference matched the optimal irradiance for growth, whereas in the two remaining species a lower than optimal irradiance was preferred, suggesting that light may be used as an indicator of other ecological conditions. Mesoscale experiments in a lake demonstrated that the laboratory microscale measurements provide information relevant to understanding ecological distributions. Behavioral responses to light contribute to the delineation of vertical niche separation and provide a method for predicting the spatial and temporal distribution of flagellates.
Distributed compression for sensor networks (2002)

We consider the problem of efficiently transmitting sets of spatially correlated observations in a distributed sensor network without requiring inter-node communication to exploit the correlation. Specifically, we provide a construction for quantizer design given a training set, and a distributed compression scheme to efficiently relay the quantized observations to a central decoder.
Correctly sorted molecules of a GPI-anchored protein are clustered and immobile when they arrive at the apical surface of MDCK cells. (1993)

Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are sorted to the apical surface of many epithelial cell types. To better understand the mechanism for apical segregation of these proteins, we analyzed the lateral mobility and molecular associations of a model GPI-anchored protein, herpes simplex virus gD1 fused to human decay accelerating factor (gD1-DAF) (Lisanti, M. P., I. W. Caras, M. A. Davitz, and E. Rodriguez-Boulan. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 109:2145-2156) shortly after arrival and after long-term residence at the surface of confluent, polarized MDCK cells. FRAP measurements of lateral diffusion showed that the mobile fraction of newly arrived gD1-DAF molecules was much less than the mobile fraction of long-term resident molecules (40 vs. 80-90%). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements showed that the newly arrived molecules were clustered, while resident molecules were not. Newly delivered gD1-DAF molecules were clustered but not immobilized in mutant, Concanavalin A-resistant MDCK cells that failed to sort gD1-DAF. Our results indicate that GPI-anchored proteins in MDCK cells are clustered before delivery to the surface. However, clustering alone does not target molecules for apical delivery. The immobilization observed when gD1-DAF is correctly sorted suggests that the clusters must associate some component of the cell's cytoplasm.
Simple Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Using Space-Vector Modulation (DPC-SVM) (2004)

This paper proposes a novel and simple direct power control of three-phase pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) rectifiers with constant switching frequency using space-vector modulation (DPC-SVM). The active and reactive powers are used as the pulse width modulated (PWM) control variables instead of the three-phase line currents being used. Moreover, line voltage sensors are replaced by a virtual flux estimator. The theoretical principle of this method is discussed. The steady-state and dynamic results of DPC-SVM that illustrate the operation and performance of the proposed system are presented. It is shown that DPC-SVM exhibits several features, such as a simple algorithm, good dynamic response, constant switching frequency, and particularly it provides sinusoidal line current when supply voltage is not ideal. Results have proven excellent performance and verify the validity of the proposed system.
Leak Detection and Calibration Using Transients and Genetic Algorithms (2000)

Leak detection and calibration of pipe internal roughnesses in a water distribution network are significant issues for water authorities around the world. Computer simulation of water distribution systems to determine the location and size of leaks is emerging as an important tool. A major uncertainty in developing computer models is the condition of the interior of the pipes in the network, especially if they are old. An innovative technique for leak detection and calibration called the inverse transient technique has been recently developed. This paper uses the genetic algorithm (GA) technique in conjunction with the inverse transient method to detect leaks and friction factors in water distribution systems. A continuous variable representation has been developed for the GA coding scheme in this paper. Two new GA operators for crossover and mutation are also introduced. The inverse transient method using the GA technique is effective at finding leakage locations and magnitudes while simultaneously finding the friction factors for different transient data record lengths.
Solvent accessible surface representation in a database system for protein docking. (1995)

Protein docking is a new and challenging application for query processing in database systems. Our architecture for an efficient support of docking queries is based on the multistep query processing paradigm, a technique well-known from spatial database system. Along with physicochemical parameters, the geometry of the molecules plays a fundamental role for docking retrieval. Thus, 3D structures and 3D surfaces of molecules are basic objects in molecular databases. We specify a molecular surface representation based on topology, define a class of neighborhood queries, and sketch some applications with respect to the docking problem. We suggest a patch-based data structure called the TriEdge structure, first, to efficiently support topological query processing, and second, to save space in comparison to common planar graph representations such as the quad-edge structure. In analogy to the quad-edge structure, the TriEdge structure has an algebraic interface and is implemented via complex pointers. However, we achieve a reduction of the space requirement by a factor of four. Finally, we investigate the time performance of our prototype.
Exploring the stereochemical requirements for protease inhibition by ureidopeptides (2005)

A novel 'ureidopeptide' substrate analog inhibitor of the HIV-1 protease, created by substitution of a urea for the scissile amide bond of a hexapeptide substrate, was synthesized and tested for inhibition of HIV-1 protease. This inhibitor was designed as a stereochemical mutant of an earlier ureidopeptide inhibitor in which the P1' phenylalanine residue was changed from an l-isomer to a d-isomer. This was done in an attempt to increase binding to the enzyme by compensating for a lengthening of the peptide backbone. The inhibitor was synthesized from two protected tripeptide precursors using an oxidative Hoffmann rearrangement of a C-terminal peptide amide. The new inhibitor was found to inhibit HIV-1 protease with an observed IC(50) of 47 mum.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Possible Relation to Vestibular Function (1990)

Some infants seem to be born with a degree of respiratory centre immaturity which in combination with other problems such as illness, head colds, exposure to cold, air or smoke, may result in cessation of breathing. Vestibular stimulation by rocking has been shown to be beneficial for premature babies in reducing apnea. There also appear to be other benefits, resulting in more rapid maturation of the nerve cells of the cerebellum which is still developing during the first six months of life. The suggestion is made that crib deaths may be reduced by the use of automatically rocking cribs, particularly during the night when most deaths occur.
Modeling of the charging behavior of li-ion batteries based on manufacturer's data (2014)

The market of portable devices, wireless sensors, electric vehicles and storage systems has grown enormously in recent years. As a consequence, batteries and related technologies have become one of the major topics for researchers. Due to the large variety of applications in which batteries are involved, battery modeling is becoming an extremely important research topic. This relevance is witnessed by the number of papers addressing battery modeling.
Promoting Kidney Function Recovery in Patients with AKI Requiring RRT (2015)

AKI requiring RRT is associated with high mortality, morbidity, and long-term consequences, including CKD and ESRD. Many patients never recover kidney function; in others, kidney function improves over a period of many weeks or months. Methodologic constraints of the available literature limit our understanding of the recovery process and hamper adequate intervention. Current management strategies have focused on acute care and short-term mortality, but new data indicate that long-term consequences of AKI requiring RRT are substantial. Promotion of kidney function recovery is a neglected focus of research and intervention. This lack of emphasis on recovery is illustrated by the relative paucity of research in this area and by the lack of demonstrated effective management strategies. In this article the epidemiologic implications of kidney recovery after AKI requiring RRT are discussed, the available literature and its methodologic constraints are reviewed, and strategies to improve the understanding of factors that affect kidney function recovery are proposed. Measures to promote kidney function recovery are a serious unmet need, with a great potential to improve short- and long-term patient outcomes.
Degradable Thermosets from Sugar-Derived Dilactones (2014)

Using the sugar derivatives glucarodilactone and mannarodilactone, two new dimethacrylate monomers (GDMA and MDMA) were synthesized by a tin-catalyzed alcohol–isocyanate coupling between the dilactones and isocyanatoethyl methacrylate. GDMA was polymerized using thermally initiated free radical polymerization at 135 °C in the presence of dicumyl peroxide as an initiator. The fractional conversion of methacrylate groups in PGDMA was determined by FT-IR to be 0.64, within the typical range of poly(di-methacrylates). Tensile testing of PGDMA demonstrated the stiff but brittle nature of this material and the modulus was shown to be similar to that reported for commercially available poly(dimethacrylates) from rigid monomers. The hydrolytic stability of PGDMA was investigated by submersing polymer samples in acidic, neutral, and basic aqueous environments. PGDMA degraded to water-soluble components after 17 days in 1 M NaOH but remained stable under acidic and neutral conditions. Solvent casting a mixture of GDMA, MDMA, and benzoyl peroxide followed by thermal curing at 95 °C gave clear P(GDMA-co-MDMA) (3:2) coatings. These coatings showed similar hydrolytic stability to the bulk PGDMA material. GDMA and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were used to synthesize P(GDMA-co-MMA) microspheres by precipitation polymerization in THF. These particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) in THF and in the dry state by scanning electron microscopy. Optimization of polymerization conditions yielded 730 nm diameter particles with a spherical morphology and low dispersity as determined by DLS.
Use of Quality by the Design for the Modelling of Chromatographic Separations (2009)

Abstract A desired goal of the PAT framework is to design and develop well understood processes that will consistently ensure a predefined quality at the end of the manufacturing process.[ 1 Guidance for Industry. PAT–A framework for Innovative Pharmaceutical Development, Manufacturing, and Quality Assurance, US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Centre for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), Office of Regulatory Affairs (ORA), September, 2004.ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline, Pharmaceutical Development Q8, Current Step version 4, November 2005. Draft Consensus Guideline, Pharmaceutical Development Annex to Q8, Current Step version 2, November, 2007 . [Google Scholar] ] Achieving this goal will reduce the time and cost of process development and ensure development of robust processes that can handle variability and deliver a predefined quality as regards yield, purity and productivity within the defined design space. This communication will focus on a set of scientific principles supporting process understanding and process design of chromatographic separations.
On-line system combining semimicro LC with 1H-NMR spectrometry. (1996)

NMRに,市販のセミミクロLCを接続し,外径5mm,内径2mm,検出部容量40μl,総容量400μlのガラス製フローセルにより,セミミクロLC/1H-NMR法の検討を行った.流量とT1,流量とシグナルの線幅の関係は,流量が0～200μl/minのセミミクロ領域では変化がなく,流量の影響はほとんど認められなかった.分離カラムに内径1.5mm,長さ25cmのポリマーコートシリカODSを,移動相に重水と重アセトニトリルの混液を流量100μl/minで用い,パラヒドロキシ安息香酸エチルのメチル基の検出限界を求めたところ約7μgとなり,通常のLCで報告されている数μgとほぼ同等であった.本装置では,使用する溶媒量が従来の1/5～1/10の6ml/hであり,高価な重水素化溶媒を大量に用いることによって生じる費用面の問題が緩和されたため,有機溶媒にも重水素化溶媒を用いることができ,容易に溶媒シグナルの影響を減少させることが可能となった.又,試料シグナルの検出可能領域も拡大することができ,セミミクロLC/1H-NMRの実用的価値を示すことができた.
Relative binding affinity-serum modified access (RBA-SMA) assay predicts the relative in vivo bioactivity of the xenoestrogens bisphenol A and octylphenol. (1997)

We have developed a relative binding affinity-serum modified access (RBA-SMA) assay to determine the effect of serum on the access of xenoestrogens to estrogen receptors within intact cultured MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. We used this assay to predict low dose activity of two xenoestrogens in mice. In serum-free medium, bisphenol A, a component of polycarbonates and of resins used to line metal food cans, showed a lower relative binding affinity (RBA; 0.006%) than octylphenol (0.072%) and nonylphenol (0.026%), which are used as surfactants in many commercial products (all RBAs are relative to estradiol, which is equal to 100%). In 100% serum from adult men, bisphenol A showed a higher RBA (0.01%) than in serum-free medium and thus enhanced access to estrogen receptors relative to estradiol. In contrast, octylphenol showed a 22-fold decrease in RBA (0.0029%) and nonylphenol showed a 5-fold decrease in RBA (0.0039%) when measured in adult serum. This indicates that, relative to estradiol, serum had less of an inhibitory effect on the cell uptake and binding in MCF-7 cells of bisphenol A, while serum had a greater inhibitory effect on octylphenol and nonylphenol relative to estradiol. Extrapolation of these relative activities in adult serum predicted that the estrogenic bioactivity of bisphenol A would be over 500-fold greater than that of octylphenol in fetal mouse serum. Bisphenol A and octylphenol were fed to pregnant mice at 2 and 20 micrograms/kg/day. Exposure of male mouse fetuses to either dose of bisphenol A, but to neither dose of octylphenol, significantly increased their adult prostate weight relative to control males, which is consistent with the higher predicted bioactivity of bisphenol A than octylphenol in the RBA-SMA assay. In addition, our findings show for the first time that fetal exposure to environmentally relevant parts-per-billion (ppb) doses of bisphenol A, in the range currently being consumed by people, can alter the adult reproductive system in mice.
Transmission of Scrapie by Steel-surface-bound Prions (2001)

Prions are readily and tightly bound to stainless steel surfaces and can transmit scrapie to recipient mice after short exposure times. This system mimics contaminated surgical instruments and will allow an assessment of sterilisation procedures.
Performance evaluation of optical CDMA systems using non-coherent detection and bipolar codes (1994)

The efficiency of an asynchronous optical CDMA (code-division multiple access) system is addressed. Two types of data modulations are considered: ASK and large-deviation CPFSK. Each user's narrow-band information is spread by the use of an electrooptic phase modulator. The sequences considered are bipolar Kasami and Gold codes. The receiver consists of an optical filter of bandwidth /spl ap/1/T, to filter the interfering signals, followed by simple, noncoherent detection. We thereby avoid all the difficulties usually met with coherent detection. Moreover, this type of demodulation is particularly suitable for a hybrid WDMA/CDMA (wavelength-division multiple access/code division multiple access) system where the spread-spectrum technique allows multiple users to share the same wavelength, thereby increasing the capacity of the network. Results are given in terms of the number of interfering signals that can be tolerated for different code periods N, and for an acceptable P/sub e/. Comparison is made relative to the Gaussian approximation on the distribution of the interfering signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Short report on the Fifth General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Lisbon, Portugal, September 1933 (1934)

The Fifth Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics was held at Lisbon, Portugal, September 17–26, 1933. The Association of Geodesy, with a longer program of reports and discussion than the other associations, began its meetings three days before the official opening of the Assembly, September 17. The meeting was attended by 178 official delegates and guests; this number does not include the wives and friends accompanying the delegates and guests. Official delegates represented 21 of the 37 countries adhering to the Union as Followst Belglum, Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Japan, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United States, Yugoslavia. Countries not yet adhering to the Union, represented by invited guests, were British India, China, Germany, and Venezuela. Thus the total number of countries represented at this Assembly was 25. The United States was represented by six delegates, namely, Walter D. Lambert, James B. Macelwane, S.J., Harry D. Harradon, John A. Fleming, and Thomas G. Thompson, who represented the National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council, and David McD. Le Breton who represented the Hydrographic Office of the United States Navy.
Hydraulic-Fracture-Width Inversion Using Low-Frequency Distributed-Acoustic-Sensing Strain Data Part II: Extension for Multifracture and Field Application (2021)

Summary Low-frequency distributed-acoustic-sensing (LF-DAS) strain data are direct measurements of in-situ rock deformation during hydraulic-fracturing treatments. In addition to monitoring fracture propagation and identifying fracture hits, quantitative strain measurements of LF-DAS provide opportunities to quantify fracture geometries. Recently, we proposed a Green’s function–based algorithm for the inversion of LF-DAS strain data (Liu et al. 2020b) that shows an accurate estimation of fracture width near the monitor well with single-cluster completions. However, multicluster completions with tighter cluster spacings are more commonly adopted in recent completion designs. One main challenge in the inversion of LF-DAS strain data under such circumstances is that strain measurements at fracture-hit locations by LF-DAS are not reliable, which makes the individual contribution of each fracture to the measured strain data indistinguishable. In this study, we first extended the inversion algorithm to handle multiple fractures, investigated the uncertainties of the inversion results, and proposed possible mitigation to the challenges raised by completion designs and field data acquisition through a synthetic case study. Ideally, there are available data on both sides of each fracture so that the inverted width of each fracture can be obtained with a negligible error. In reality, the strain data are usually limited, providing less constraint on the width of individual fracture. Nevertheless, the inversion results provide an accurate estimation of the width summation of all fractures. To evaluate the individual fracture width, a time-dependent constraint is added to the inversion algorithm. We assume that the width at the current timestep is dependent on the width at the previous step and the width variation between the two timesteps. The width variation can be roughly estimated from LF-DAS strain-rate data at the fracture-hit location. This extra constraint helps to improve the inversion performance. Finally, a field example is presented. We show the width summation of all fractures and the width of each individual fracture as a function of treatment time. The time-dependent width profiles show consistent trends with the LF-DAS strain-rate data. The calculated strains from the inverted model match well with the LF-DAS measured strain data. The findings demonstrate the potential of LF-DAS data for quantitative hydraulic-fracture characterization and provide insights on better use of LF-DAS data. The direct information on fracture width helps to calibrate fracturing models and optimize the completion designs.
Segmentation of Expository Texts by Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (1997)

We propose a method for segmentation of expository texts based on hierarchical agglomerative clustering. The method uses paragraphs as the basic segments for identifying hierarchical discourse structure in the text, applying lexical similarity between them as the proximity test. Linear segmentation can be induced from the identified structure through application of two simple rules. However the hierarchy can be used also for intelligent exploration of the text. The proposed segmentation algorithm is evaluated against an accepted linear segmentation method and shows comparable results.
Advances in knee arthroplasty for younger patients: traditional knee arthroplasty is prologue, the future for knee arthroplasty is prescient. (2007)

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was a remarkable development in orthopedic surgery. Joint arthroplasty and arthroscopy were perhaps the greatest innovations in orthopedics in the 20th century and occurred without the advantages of today's technology. Initially, TKA was performed only on elderly patients and those with advanced rheumatoid arthritis because of concerns with long-term wear of polyethylene. Surgeons strongly discouraged this surgery for patients younger than age 60 years because both patients and many orthopedic surgeons believed that knee implants would last only for approximately 10 years, particularly in younger and more active patients. Reports in the late 1980s and early 1990s about accelerated polyethylene wear and osteolysis substantiated the conviction that TKA was contraindicated in younger patients. This led to complacency toward TKA, thus inhibiting technological advances in the procedure to develop implants for younger and more active patients.
Glycosylation as a marker for inflammatory arthritis (2014)

Changes in serum protein glycosylation play an important role in inflammatory arthritis. Altered galactosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in rheumatoid arthritis attracts special attention due to the devastating nature of the disease. Studying glyco