gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adsorption—Desorption Isotherm Studies of Catalysts. II. A Comparison of Low Temperature Isotherms of Ammonia and Nitrogen<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption—Desorption Isotherm Studies of Catalysts. II. A Comparison of Low Temperature Isotherms of Ammonia and Nitrogen1Herman E. Ries Jr., Robert A. van Nordstrand, and William E. KregerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 1, 35–40Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01193a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01193a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Altered Expression of 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase in Tumor-Infiltrated CD11b Myeloid Cells: A Mechanism for Immune Evasion in Cancer (2009)

Many cancers are known to produce high amounts of PGE(2), which is involved in both tumor progression and tumor-induced immune dysfunction. The key enzyme responsible for the biological inactivation of PGE(2) in tissue is NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). It is well established that cancer cells frequently show down-regulated expression of 15-PGDH, which plays a major role in catabolism of the PGE(2). Here we demonstrate that tumor-infiltrated CD11b cells are also deficient for the 15-PGDH gene. Targeted adenovirus-mediated delivery of 15-PGDH gene resulted in substantial inhibition of tumor growth in mice with implanted CT-26 colon carcinomas. PGDH-mediated antitumor effect was associated with attenuated tumor-induced immune suppression and substantially reduced secretion of immunosuppressive mediators and cytokines such as PGE(2), IL-10, IL-13, and IL-6 by intratumoral CD11b cells. We show also that introduction of 15-PGDH gene in tumor tissue is sufficient to redirect the differentiation of intratumoral CD11b cells from immunosuppressive M2-oriented F4/80(+) tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) into M1-oriented CD11c(+) MHC class II-positive myeloid APCs. Notably, the administration of the 15-PGDH gene alone demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect promoting tumor eradication and long-term survival in 70% of mice with preestablished tumors. Surviving mice acquired antitumor T cell-mediated immune response. This study for the first time demonstrates an important role of the 15-PGDH in regulation of local antitumor immune response and highlights the potential to be implemented to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapy and immunotherapy.
Why Expert Systems Fail (1988)

0 In more and more finance journals and magazines, the technical term expert system is appearing. These words are then accompanied by general remarks that such technology holds promise and should be investigated (for example [25, 34]). But specific information expressed in practical terms seems difficult to find. Worse yet, the information that is available naively oversells expert systems. According to the popular press, expert systems can do anything [7, p. 33]. It suggests powers, benefits, and successes that cannot be substantiated. The purpose of this article is to address the distinct handicaps inherent in the emerging field of expert systems. These problems severely dampen the premature enthusiasm that is swelling for the application of expert systems to financial management.
Use of Ozone‐Based Processes for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals Detected in a Wastewater Treatment Plant (2010)

Ozone (O3)-based processes (O3, O3/H2O2, and O3/UV) were investigated for the removal of pharmaceuticals in real wastewater using a bench-scale experimental setup. An ozone dose of 6 mg/L (contact time = 10 minutes) was found to reduce the concentration of most pharmaceuticals detected in secondary effluent. Caffeine, N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and cyclophosphamide were removed with efficiencies of 84, 89, and 46%, respectively, even with a contact time of 15 minutes (O3 dose = 6 mg/L). In the case of the ozone process alone, the concentration of bromate ion in the effluent increased with longer contact time. On the other hand, it was found that the O3/H202 and O3/UV processes can be used as alternative processes for effective removal of pharmaceuticals, while leaving a low residual concentration of dissolved ozone in the system, thereby preventing bromate formation. Water
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectra using silver‐coated paper substrates (1994)

Abstract Because of the importance of developing an active substrate for surface‐enhanced Raman (SER) spectroscopic applications, a silver‐coated filter‐paper substrate was prepared for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SRS) by using a chemical reduction method at room temperature. Optimization of the silver deposition time was achieved by using p ‐nitrophenol (PNP) as an analyte. Its performance as an SERS‐active substrate was tested using PNP, p ‐chlorobenzoic acid, m ‐chlorobenzoic acid and o ‐chlorobenzoic acid. To overcome the problem of low enhancement when a dipping method was adopted for sample applications, a silver‐coated alumina‐based substrate was prepared. The new substrate was found to exhibit strong SERS with both the solution and the dipping methods for sample applications of PNP. Using the new substrate, the limit of detection for methyl red was estimated to be 3 ng ml −1 .
A new method for accurate analytical modeling of switched reluctance motor (2005)

This paper presents a new method to build an accurate analytical dynamic model for switched reluctance motor (SRM). The parametric piecewise Hermite cubic spline function with a combination of Fourier series is proposed as a more accurate analytical expression to fit the phase flux linkage/current/position characteristic data of SRM. The new method proposed here is universally applicable to any type of SRM.
In vivo pharmacology of the dopaminergic stabilizer pridopidine (2010)

Pridopidine (ACR16) belongs to a new pharmacological class of agents affecting the central nervous system called dopaminergic stabilizers. Dopaminergic stabilizers act primarily at dopamine type 2 (D(2)) receptors and display state-dependent behavioural effects. This article aims to give an overview of the preclinical neurochemical and behavioural in vivo pharmacological properties of pridopidine. Pridopidine was given s.c. to male Sprague-Dawley rats (locomotor, microdialysis and tissue neurochemistry) and i.p. to Swiss male mice (tail suspension test). Pridopidine dose-dependently increased striatal tissue levels of the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanin (ED(50)=81 micromol/kg), and prefrontal cortex dialysate levels of dopamine and noradrenaline as measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The agent reduced hyperlocomotion (d-amphetamine: ED(50)=54 micromol/kg; MK-801: ED(50)=40 micromol/kg), but preserved spontaneous locomotor activity, confirming state-dependent behavioural effects. In addition, pridopidine significantly reduced immobility time in the tail suspension test. We conclude that pridopidine state-dependently stabilizes psychomotor activity by the dual actions of functional dopamine D(2) receptor antagonism and strengthening of cortical glutamate functions in various settings of perturbed neurotransmission. The putative restoration of function in cortico-subcortical circuitry by pridopidine is likely to make it useful for ameliorating several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Huntington's disease.
The acute effect of growth hormone on GFR is obliterated in chronic renal failure. (1989)

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has become available for treatment of growth failure in uremic children. Since GH raises the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in healthy individuals, there has been concern that treatment with rhGH, by its action on glomerular hemodynamics, may adversely affect the progression of renal failure. To further address this issue, inulin clearance (enzymatic steady-state infusion technique) was measured in 7 healthy normotensive adult volunteers and 7 patients with chronic renal failure from glomerular or non-glomerular causes. Subjects were given 4.5 U bid of rhGH by s.c. injection for 3 days. In volunteers, a significant increase in Cin was noted 72 h after start of rhGH administration from 120 ml/min/1.73 m2 (range 91-158) to 133 (108-167) (p less than 0.02). In contrast, no significant increase in Cin was noted in patients with chronic renal failure (baseline Cin 21 ml/min/1.73 m2, 15-32; after rhGH 22 ml/min/1.73 m2, 15-32) despite pronounced effects of GH on S-cholesterol and urea excretion rate. The results show that stimulation of GFR by short-term administration of rhGH is obliterated in chronic renal failure.
A series of yeast/<i>Escherichia coli</i> λ expression vectors designed for directional cloning of cDNAs and <i>cre</i>/<i>lox</i>‐mediated plasmid excision (1993)

A series of Saccharomyces cerevisiae/Escherichia coli lambda/plasmid expression vectors have been constructed which allow easy excision of the plasmid sequences from lambda. Features of six are described, and two designated lambda PG15 and lambda AD5, are characterized in detail. Transcription of cloned sequences is controlled by the alternative promoters, ADH2, PGK, GAL10 and SV40 early, and by the CYC1 transcriptional terminator. Unique EcoRI and XhoI restriction sites in the intervening polylinker make these lambda vectors compatible for directional cloning of 'ZAP'-synthesized cDNAs. Inserted DNAs have been previously shown to have high levels of the genetic activity in both S. cerevisiae and E. coli, allowing these vectors to be used for genetic complementation in both species. Plasmid recovery from the lambda vector is mediated by the activity of the cre-encoded enzyme upon lox sequences flanking the plasmid and adjoining the lambda arms. The plasmids contain the yeast 2 microns origin and E. coli pBR322 origin, the URA3 or TRP1 yeast selectable markers, and ampicillin-resistance marker in E. coli. The usefulness of the lambda PG15 and the lambda AD5 cloning vectors was demonstrated by constructing large Neurospora crassa cDNA libraries. The lambda PG15-N. crassa library was used to infect purE, purC and trpC mutants of E. coli, and complemented and/or suppressed prototrophic colonies were selected. The flexibility and power of this system for cloning of cDNAs is discussed.
Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial Comparing Ultra Rapid Lispro with Lispro in a Basal-Bolus Regimen in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: PRONTO-T2D (2020)

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultra rapid lispro (URLi) versus lispro in patients with type 2 diabetes on a basal-bolus insulin regimen.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>This was a Phase 3, treat-to-target, double-blind 26-week study. After an 8-week lead-in to optimize basal insulin glargine or degludec in combination with prandial lispro treatment, patients were randomized to blinded URLi (n=336) or lispro (n=337) injected 0 to 2 minutes prior to meals. Patients could continue metformin and/or sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor. The primary end point was change from baseline HbA1c to 26 weeks (noninferiority margin 0.4%), with multiplicity adjusted objectives for postprandial glucose (PPG) excursions during a standardized meal test.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>HbA1c improved for both URLi and lispro and noninferiority was confirmed: estimated treatment difference (ETD) +0.06% (95% CI -0.05; 0.16). Mean change in HbA1C was -0.38% for URLi and -0.43% for lispro, with an end of treatment HbA1c of 6.92% and 6.86% respectively. URLi was superior to lispro in controlling 1- and 2-h PPG excursions: 1-hour ETD, -0.66 mmol/L (95% CI -1.01, -0.30); 2-hour ETD, -0.96 mmol/L (-1.41, -0.52). Significantly lower PPG excursions were evident from 0.5 to 4 hours postmeal with URLi treatment. There were no significant treatment differences in rates of severe or documented hypoglycemia (<3 mmol/L). Incidence of overall treatment-emergent adverse events was similar between treatments.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> <p>URLi compared with lispro in a basal-bolus regimen was confirmed to be noninferior for HbA1c and superior to lispro for PPG control in patients with type 2 diabetes.</p>
Three sympatrically occurring species of Metarhizium show plant rhizosphere specificity (2011)

Here we tested the hypothesis that species of the soil-inhabiting insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium are not randomly distributed in soils but show plant-rhizosphere-specific associations. We isolated Metarhizium from plant roots at two sites in Ontario, Canada, sequenced the 5' EF-1α gene to discern Metarhizium species, and developed an RFLP test for rapid species identification. Results indicated a non-random association of three Metarhizium species (Metarhizium robertsii, Metarhizium brunneum and Metarhizium guizhouense) with the rhizosphere of certain types of plant species (identified to species and categorized as grasses, wildflowers, shrubs and trees). M. robertsii was the only species that was found associated with grass roots, suggesting a possible exclusion of M. brunneum and M. guizhouense. Supporting this, in vitro experiments showed that M. robertsii conidia germinated significantly better in Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) root exudate than did M. brunneum or M. guizhouense. M. guizhouense and M. brunneum only associated with wildflower rhizosphere when co-occurring with M. robertsii. With the exception of these co-occurrences, M. guizhouense was found to associate exclusively with the rhizosphere of tree species, predominantly Acer saccharum (sugar maple), while M. brunneum was found to associate exclusively with the rhizosphere of shrubs and trees. These associations demonstrate that different species of Metarhizium associate with specific plant types.
Soft anisotropic high magnetization Cu/FeCo films (2002)

A remarkable reduction in the coercivity Hc of sputtered Fe65Co35 films from 9.6 to 0.7 kA/m was observed using a Cu underlayer as thin as 2.5 nm. The FeCo without Cu exhibited a wide distribution of anisotropy fields up to &gt;80 kA/m while the FeCo with Cu showed a well-defined in-plane uniaxial anisotropy field of 2.3 kA/m up to FeCo thicknesses of at least 1 μm. The saturation magnetostriction was (4.7±0.4)×10−5, independent of Cu thickness while the in-plane tensile stress gradually decreased from 2 to 0.2 GPa as the Cu thickness increased to 10 nm. The Cu changed the preferred orientation of the FeCo from (100) to (110) but more significantly reduced the average grain size from ∼50 to ∼9 nm. This alone is sufficient to explain quantitatively the reduction in Hc using Hoffmann’s ripple theory.
Contract Management Using Cause-Effect Clues in Service Worksheets (1996)

Sophisticated equipment often needs intensive technical resources to maintain its system availability. Service contracts can be an easy channel to outside technical resources. Usually, a service contract purchaser only sees its cost instead of its maintenance quality. A system's needs, however, depend on the trade-off between the cost paid and the quality received. If a clinical engineer can actively interpret and integrate the cause-effect consequences on the compiled service worksheets, those clues can serve as a criterion to justify the quality and the cost-effectiveness of a service contract. Through the analysis of the service labor consumed, the justification of the parts replaced, and the assessment of the "fit" to system availability, this paper provides a cost-effective tool for equipment management.
Inorganic Chemistry Ed. 2 (2012)

This textbook provides essential information for students of inorganic chemistry or for chemists pursuing self-study. The presentation of topics is made with an effort to be clear and concise so that the book is portable and user friendly. Inorganic Chemistry 2E is divided into five major themes (structure, condensed phases, solution chemistry, main group and coordination compounds) with several chapters in each. There is a logical progression from atomic structure to molecular structure to properties of substances based on molecular structures, to behavior of solids, etc. The author emphasizes fundamental principles-including molecular structure, acid-base chemistry, coordination chemistry, ligand field theory, and solid state chemistry -and presents topics in a clear, concise manner. There is a reinforcement of basic principles throughout the book. For example, the hard-soft interaction principle is used to explain hydrogen bond strengths, strengths of acids and bases, stability of coordination compounds, etc. The book contains a balance of topics in theoretical and descriptive chemistry. New to this Edition: New and improved illustrations including symmetry and 3D molecular orbital representationsExpanded coverage of spectroscopy, instrumental techniques, organometallic and bio-inorganic chemistryMore in-text worked-out examples to encourage active learning and to prepare students for their exams? Concise coverage maximizes student understanding and minimizes the inclusion of details students are unlikely to use.? Discussion of elements begins with survey chapters focused on the main groups, while later chapters cover the elements in greater detail.? Each chapter opens with narrative introductions and includes figures, tables, and end-of-chapter problem sets.
Hit ratio of caching disk buffers (2003)

Hit ratio is the primary measure of disk cache buffer efficiency, and may be contrasted against cache overhead. A technique to calculate the lower bound of hit ratio based on cache overhead is presented. A method to calculate average hit ratio based on I/O tracing is also developed. Finally, an example is cited showing that a hit ratio as low as 14% will offer a performance improvement over similar disk drives equipped with noncaching buffers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Brussels sprout ring spot control with fungicides (1969)

Benomyl fungicide almost completely controlled ring spot in Brussels sprouts, and was better at the 1 per cent level of significance than all other fungicides included in the trial. Daconil 2787 resulted in 90 per cent control and was significantly lower in number of lesions per leaf at the 1 per cent level than were maneb and maneb plus zinc compounds which gave 72 per cent control. Some degree of control (42 to 50 per cent) was given by captan, copper and thiram.
Acute graft-versus-host disease: new treatment strategies (2009)

Obstacles to the improvement of HCT include the tight linkage between GVHD toxicity and the beneficial graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, as well as the impairment of immune reconstitution by immunomodulatory drugs leading to life-threatening infections. The design of newer phase I/II clinical trials are underway. Future therapies are likely to include modulation of cell types that play key roles in the GVH process, including regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer T cells and B cells.
Improved performance of GaAs-AlGaAs superlattice quantum cascade lasers beyond /spl lambda/=13 μm (2000)

Highly improved quantum cascade lasers based on intraband transitions in a chirped AlGaAs-GaAs superlattice have been realized. Lasing in a liquid nitrogen environment with a laser wavelength centered at 13 μm and with a peak optical power per facet exceeding 80 mW is achieved. A threshold current density of 8.6 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 80 K has been measured. Multimode lasing spectra ranging from 12.4 to 13.3 μm and single mode spectra in a short cavity at 13 μm are obtained. To improve the gain in the structure, the design of the injector is optimized. The minibands in the active region are more strongly confined beneath the conduction band edge of the barriers to decrease electron losses into the continuum. The maximum operating temperature exceeds 230 K with T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> values of 170 K.
Characterization of the Proteasome Regulator PA28 (1996)

A proteasome regulator, termed PA28, has been shown to modulate peptidase activities of the proteasomes in vitro. Two different but homologous PA28 molecules, designated as PA28alpha and PA28beta, have been cloned. Both alpha and beta polypeptides of PA28 are found in PA28 complexes isolated from cells, indicating that both are constituents of functional PA28 complexes. Using antisera specific to PA28alpha, PA28beta, and epitope-tagged PA28 molecules, we show that expression of PA28alpha and PA28beta is coordinately induced by various cytokines in different cell lines and that PA28 subunits and proteasomes have almost identical half-lives. In addition, we show that PA28 complexes are associated with 20 S but not 26 S proteasomes in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrate that PA28 complex is a heterohexamer composed of both alpha and beta subunits with a stoichiometry of alpha3beta3 in an alternating order.
A Fab-Wide APC Sampling Application (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In microprocessor manufacturing it is very important to monitor the processed material on certain metrology steps. This is done in order to characterize the manufacturing process by verifying correct processing and ensuring availability of adequate information on the contributors to process variance. In state-of-the-art technologies it has become increasingly challenging to measure all possible and relevant sources of variation. Because low cycle time (manufacturing duration) is of such high importance, it is necessary to minimize the amount of inspection operations/duration on processed material. This paper details the integrated lot-level and wafer-level sampling application deployed in AMD's Fab30 and Fab36, which is capable of providing the means to capture lot, wafer, and event-based sources of variation by best utilizing the available metrology resources. It will also highlight the connection of this application into the areas of advanced-process-control, run-to-run, fault-detection and classification (APC, RtR, FDC). </para>