gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Death Signalobody: Inducing Conditional Cell Death in Response to a Specific Antigen (2013)

As the possibility of tumorigenesis and undesirable immune responses in patients cannot be completely excluded in gene and cell therapies, a conditional death switch to eliminate the therapeutic cells would be a valuable tool to enhance the safety of these therapies. A few ligand-receptor conditional death switches have already been developed; however, they cannot be used if patients exhibit side effects upon administration of the ligand. Here we demonstrate a death-inducing chimeric antibody named "death signalobody," in which the antigen-antibody system, having virtually infinite ligand-receptor combinations, is utilized for the activation of death signaling. We designed a death signalobody named "SFas," which has an antifluorescein single-chain variable fragment and the cytoplasmic domain of Fas. SFas efficiently induced conditional apoptosis in murine pro-B Ba/F3 cells in response to fluorescein-conjugated bovine serum albumin. Moreover, SFas was also able to induce antigen-dependent conditional apoptosis in human cancer cell lines. The death signalobody technique will be a valuable tool for the conditional elimination of cells of interest in multiple therapeutic applications.
Propagation of Electromagnetic Signal along a Metal Well in an Inhomogeneous Medium (2013)

In this thesis, the problem of deriving the current distribution along a metal casing surrounded by a conductive earth is studied. The metal casing can be taken as a long and thin metal wire antenna in this case. The current distribution is unknown and can be decomposed into tiny current elements along the wire antenna. The total field from the wire antenna can be achieved by using the principle of linear superposition of the fields generated by each of the current element. The solution of the scalar wave equation for a point source is well known to be the Green’s function. For a tiny vector source of current element, the solution of the scalar wave equation can be achieved by a dyadic Green’s function. By taking advantage of the boundary conditons at the metal surface, an electric field integral equation can be built up which can be solved by the method of moments. A real composition of the conductive earth is complicated and usually is modelled as a planarly layered isotropic medium, where the eletromagnetic properties of the medium, μ and ǫ vary only in one direction, e.g. the z direction. The advantage of using such a simple model is that the vector wave equations can be reduced to two scalar wave equations. The electromagnetic wave represented by these two scalar wave equations are two types of waves, namely, the transverse electric (TE) waves and the transverse magnetic (TM) waves, which are decoupled from each other. The electromagentic field at an arbitrary point in the medium can be accurately derived by combining the fields propagating directly from the source with the fields reflected by the interfaces between layers, which has been well developed in the case of plane waves. However, the electromagnetic
Evaluation of nine commercial SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays (2020)

Abstract Due to urgency and demand, numerous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoassays are rapidly being developed and placed on the market with limited validation on clinical samples. Thorough validation of serological tests are required to facilitate their use in the accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, confirmation of molecular results, contact tracing, and epidemiological studies. This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of nine commercially available serological tests. These included three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and six point-of-care (POC) lateral flow tests. The assays were validated using serum samples from: i) SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients with a documented first day of disease; ii) archived sera obtained from healthy individuals before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in China; iii) sera from patients with acute viral respiratory tract infections caused by other coronaviruses or non-coronaviruses; and iv) sera from patients positive for dengue virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus. The results showed 100% specificity for the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody ELISA, 93% for the Euroimmun IgA ELISA, and 96% for the Euroimmun IgG ELISA with sensitivities of 90%, 90%, and 65%, respectively. The overall performance of the POC tests according to manufacturer were in the rank order of AutoBio Diagnostics > Dynamiker Biotechnology = CTK Biotech > Artron Laboratories > Acro Biotech ≥ Hangzhou Alltest Biotech. Overall, these findings will facilitate selection of serological assays for the detection SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies towards diagnosis as well as sero-epidemiological and vaccine development studies.
Ignition of lean fuel-air mixtures in a premixing-prevaporizing duct at temperatures up to 1000 K (1980)

Conditions were determined in a premixing prevaporizing fuel preparation duct at which ignition occurred. An air blast type fuel injector with nineteen fuel injection points was used to provide a uniform spatial fuel air mixture. The range of inlet conditions where ignition occurred were: inlet air temperatures of 600 to 1000 K air pressures of 180 to 660 kPa, equivalence ratios (fuel air ratio divided by stoichiometric fuel air ratio) from 0.12 to 1.05, and velocities from 3.5 to 30 m/s. The duct was insulated and the diameter was 12 cm. Mixing lengths were varied from 16.5 to 47.6 and residence times ranged from 4.6 to 107 ms. The fuel was no. 2 diesel. Results show a strong effect of equivalence ratio, pressure and temperature on the conditions where ignition occurred. The data did not fit the most commonly used model of auto-ignition. A correlation of the conditions where ignition would occur which apply to this test apparatus over the conditions tested is (p/V) phi to the 1.3 power = 0.62 e to the 2804/T power where p is the pressure in kPa, V is the velocity in m/e, phi is the equivalence ratio, and T is the temperature in K. The data scatter was considerable, varying by a maximum value of 5 at a given temperature and equivalence ratio. There was wide spread in the autoignition data contained in the references.
Knowledge representation: logical, philosophical, and computational foundations (2000)

1. Logic. 2. Ontology. 3. Knowledge Representation. 4. Processes. 5. Purposes, Contexts, And Agents. 6. Knowledge Soup. 7. Knowledge Acquisition And Sharing. Appendixes: Appendix A: Summary Of Notations Appendix B: Sample Ontology. Appendix C: Extended Example. Answers To Selected Exercises. Bibliography. Name Index. Subject Index. Special Symbols.
Functional Characteristics of the Left Ventricle in Heart Disease (1968)

Angiocardiographic methods for determining left ventricular volume, volume changes, and mass have been applied to further define the functional characteristics of the left ventricle in heart disease. These observations combined with measurement of left ventricular pressure have made it possible to determine the pressure-volume characteristics of the left ventricle, pressure-volume work, power, and wall forces. Approximately two thirds of the end-diastolic volume is ejected from the normal left ventricle and from the ventricle functioning under volume or pressure overloads with chronic heart disease. Pressure and volume overloads are associated with an increased ventricular mass that is proportionate to stroke work. Ventricular dilation in chronic heart disease is associated with an increased ventricular mass. The left ventricle with myocardial disease has an enlarged end-diastolic volume, reduced systolic ejection fraction, and a disproportionate increase of left ventricular weight relative to stroke work.
Ray tracing of optically modified fiber tips 2: laser scalpels (1991)

The spatial irradiance distribution of tapered fibers and tapered rods used as scalpels in laser surgery has been calculated by ray tracing. The results were compared to measurements in air and in water. The beam profiles of laser scalpels were conically shaped at discrete angles related to the number of reflections within the scalpel. Light started to leak radially out of the scalpel before it reached the tip slightly suppressing the increase in fluence rate toward the tip. For effective tissue cutting, the scalpel tip may be shortened to optimize the irradiance increase in combination with radial energy leakage to obtain controlled hemostatic coagulation.
Construction of Proto-Symbol Space for Relationship Description between Abstract Motion by Hidden Markov Models (2003)

運動データの抽象化と類似性の双方を同時に表現するシンボル空間の構成法を提案する。これにより, シンボルの操作による運動パターンの制御が可能となる事を示す。
Effect of Ions on the Self-diffusion and Structure of Water in Aqueous Electrolytic Solutions (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Ions on the Self-diffusion and Structure of Water in Aqueous Electrolytic SolutionsJui H. WangCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1954, 58, 9, 686–692Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150519a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j150519a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views765Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Thin films for optical data storage (1985)

The most important requirements of thin film media for optical data storage applications as well as the most commonly studied write-once and erasable optical recording media were reviewed. Detailed optical properties and degradation characteristics of thin Te films were presented to illustrate some of these requirements. Both of these two material properties were shown to be strongly influenced by the film thickness, film deposition rate, and substrate due to their influence on the microstructure of the film. The degradation mechanism and the effects of humidity and temperature on the degradation rate of thin Te films were also reported and discussed.
The topsy turvy world of quantum computing (2001)

The weirdest parts of physics are now the cutting edge of computing technology. Quantum computers are no longer seen as weird curiosities but as the powerful future of the computer industry, and the debate is shifting from whether they will ever become a reality to when they will do so. The excitement is not due to their power, although they undoubtedly will be more powerful than today's models. Their big selling point is that they can solve problems and carry out simulations that are basically impossible on conventional computers. One of the strongest forces driving the development of quantum computers is the fear that they will crack with ease secret codes that are impervious to other computers. This paper describes the principles of quantum computing including quantum information, algorithms, entanglement and error correction.
Fast Context Switching Architecture in Embedded Systems (2010)

In real-time embedded systems, the responsibility is the most important thing because it is related to human life. Context switching is a part of which can slow down the responsibility. We therefore should minimize the amount of state that needs to be saved during context switching. In this paper, we introduce a new architecture (Register Farm) for context switching which can exchange two contexts in one cycle time. Although it might increase the cost of MCU design and the complexity of circuit, it cannot miss any interrupt during context switching. Consequently, Register Farm architecture can make embedded systems spread out in human life because it can increase reliability and responsibility in real time embedded systems.
Antithrombin effects of native and recombinant hirudins. (1990)

Three recombinant variants of hirudin with the most evident difference in amino acid position 47 (Lys-47, Arg-47, Asn-47) were studied for their selectivity and affinity for the target enzyme thrombin in comparison to native hirudin. Native hirudin and the recombinant hirudins inhibit selectively the clotting enzyme thrombin. The affinity of native hirudin does not differ significantly from that of recombinant hirudin Lys-47 whereas a distinctly lower affinity for thrombin is found for recombinant hirudin Arg-47 and recombinant hirudin Asn-47. All hirudins investigated have the same potency to inhibit thrombin-induced coagulation. Changes in the affinity of hirudins for thrombin become evident from the inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation only.
Interface Modification in Organic Thin Film Transistors (2005)

The octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) solutions with three solvents, hexadecane, toluene, and ethanol, were acted as the interface chemical modifiers to advance the characteristics of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The electrical characteristics of the organic thin-film transistors with modification were obviously enhanced, especially in mobility, on/off current ratio and subthreshold slope. From the data of X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurement, it could be understood that the quality of the organic thin film had been improved due to the change of silicon dioxide surface energy. In this report, the best device was been treated in the OTS/toluene or hexadecane solutions with 1% volume concentration.
The uses of role hierarchies in access control (1999)

The value of roIe-based access control (RBAC) is now well recognised. One aspect of it is the ability to make access decisions based upon the position of a role in a hierarchy. It is now recognised that there are some problems associated with this, because of the risk that these decisions may conflict with the control principles that are applied within an organisation. The aim of this paper is to identify the possible uses of role hierarchies in simplifying access rules, while remaining within the constraints of organisational control principles. We use the concept of authority state, i.e., the set of fixed and variable policies and rules in the system which influence the Reference Monitor's access decisions. We then consider the uses of role hierarchies in two separate contexts: first, within a static view of the authority state, where role hierarchies may be used by an access control decision facility; and second, as constraints upon permissible changes to the authority state. We conclude that role hierarchies have some possible uses within the static view, but that they are more important as a means of constraining the permissible changes to the authority state. We make proposals for further research on the place of role hierarchies in controlling change.
Hypersensitivity of circulating progenitor cells to megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHu MGDF) in essential thrombocythemia (2000)

Abstract Hematopoietic progenitor cells in 2 myeloproliferative disorders, juvenile chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and polycythemia vera, are known to be hypersensitive to cytokines that control normal progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in their respective granulocyte/macrophage and erythroid lineages. Because thrombopoietin controls these functions in the normal megakaryocytic lineage, we asked the question: Are megakaryocytic progenitor cells in the myeloproliferative disorder essential thrombocythemia (ET) hypersensitive to thrombopoietin? Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with ET, or secondary (reactive) thrombocytosis (2°T), or healthy volunteers were grown in strictly serum-free agarose culture containing interleukin 3 (IL-3) and all-trans-retinoic acid, with various concentrations of PEG-rHu megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF). The concentration of cytokine at half-maximum colony number served as a measure of progenitor cell sensitivity. Hypersensitivity to PEG-rHu MGDF was found in circulating progenitors from 18 of 20 (90%) informative patients with presumptive diagnosis ET, 1 of 8 (12.5%) 2 °T patients, and none of the 22 healthy volunteers. Median MGDF sensitivity ratio in ET patients was approximately 53 times greater than in the controls. This hypersensitivity, which was also directed to rHu thrombopoietin, was highly specific with respect to cytokine, disease, and cell lineage. We propose that, despite their single pluripotential cell origin, the different clinicopathologic phenotypes in different chronic myeloproliferative disorders are determined by lineage-restricted hypersensitivities of hematopoietic progenitor cells to endogenous cytokines. This work emphasizes the importance of stringent serum-free conditions for revealing true sensitivities to cytokines. The findings also offer a basis for evolving a positive test for ET, a diagnosis now made essentially by exclusion.
Clock distribution in high speed systems (2002)

Several industry trends, such as increasing clock frequencies, tighter timing control requirements and more synchronous loads, have lead to a concern on the part of system designers over clock signal quality and clock distribution. This is a valid concern because current technology has resulted in more complex and sensitive designs as well as fast output edge rates. Many issues that could safely be ignored in the past have now been brought to the foreground. The old argument for synchronous interfaces is winning in many areas and more and more clock loads are popping up on boards. When tied in with the perpetual quest to maintain or gain performance, these factors clearly show why much attention has in the last year or two been focused on clock drivers and clock distribution. This paper discusses some of the key issues pertaining to clock signal integrity and reliability, meeting stringent timing requirements and selection of a suitable clock driver for one's given application.
Localization of <i>N</i>‐Methyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐Aspartate Receptors in the Rat Striatum: Effects of Specific Lesions on the [<sup>3</sup>H]3‐(2‐Carboxypiperazin‐4‐yl)propyl‐1‐Phosphonic Acid Binding (1990)

Abstract: The binding of [ 3 H]3‐(2‐carboxypiperazin‐4‐yl)propyl‐1‐phosphonic acid ([ 3 H]CPP), a rigid analogue of 2‐amino‐7‐phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP7) and reported to be a selective N ‐methyl d ‐aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, was studied in rat striatal membranes using a centrifugation procedure to separate bound and free radioligand. [ 3 H]CPP bound with high affinity ( K d = 272 n M ) in a saturable, reversible, and protein concentration‐dependent manner, Specific binding was suggested to involve a single class of noninteracting binding sites. The most potent [[ 3 H]CPP binding inhibitors tested were CPP, l ‐glutamate, 2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovalerate, and AP7, NMDA, l ‐aspartate, and α‐aminoadipate were also shown to be efficient in inhibiting the binding, whereas quisqualate, d,l ‐2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyrate, kainate, l ‐glutamate diethylester, and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid were found to be essentially inactive. These data are therefore consistent with the view that [ 3 H]CPP selectively binds to NMDA receptors in the rat striatum. Lesions of intrastriatal neurons using local injections of kainic acid revealed a marked decrease in [ 3 H]CPP binding, suggesting an almost exclusively postsynaptic location of binding sites in the striatum. Conversely, bilateral lesion of corticostriatal glutamatergic fibers resulted in an increased number of [ 3 H]CPP striatal binding sites, providing evidence for a putative supersensitivity response to this striatal deafferentation. Interestingly, lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons using intranigral 6‐hydroxydopamine injections resulted, 2–3 weeks later, in a similar increase in the number of [ 3 H]CPP striatal binding sites. These data suggest the occurrence of functional receptor‐receptor interregulations at the postsynaptic level between dopaminergic and NMDA receptors in complement with the interactions occurring at the presynaptic level between glutamatergic and dopaminergic nerve terminals.
Sulfur dioxide detection using 7.4 μm DFB-QCL based cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (2013)

A quantitative measurements of sulfur dioxide using CW, RT DFB-QCL based cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy and 2f wavelength modulation detection technique will be reported. Detection limits of 130ppbv (1σ) were achieved with a 0.4-sec averaging time.
A tractable market model with jumps for pricing short-term interest rate derivatives (2001)

Short-term interest rate derivatives present a few unresolved problems. It is not obvious which pricing model to use, and the usual Heath-Jarrow-Morton type models seem insufficient to describe the risk they entail. Moreover, the hedging process is fairly delicate as the liquidity of short-term products cannot always be relied upon. In this paper, we justify the use of a market model with jumps to price these products. The main advantage of this approach is two fold. First, we will show how realistic such a model proves to be. Then, using justified approximations, the market model with jumps is made very tractable. Finally, the hedging issue is resolved by describing a dynamic delta-hedging strategy provided by the model in addition to a static vega-hedging strategy designed to use the relevant liquid products at the trader's disposal.
Acute motor axonal neuropathy: A frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in China (1993)

In northern China, annual epidemics of acute-onset flaccid paralysis diagnosed clinically as Guillain-Barré syndrome have been recognized for at least 20 years. On the basis of an historical analysis of more than 3,200 patients, distinctive features include most cases occurring during the summer months among children and young adults, most of whom reside in rural areas. Of 90 patients with acute flaccid paralysis, 88 had a distinctive pattern that shares clinical and cerebrospinal fluid findings with demyelinating Guillain-Barré syndrome, but that differs from Guillain-Barré syndrome physiologically and pathologically. The clinical course is marked by rapidly progressive ascending tetraparesis, often with respiratory failure, but without fever, systemic illness, or sensory involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid is acellular, and elevations of protein content occur in the second or third week of illness. Electrodiagnostic studies show normal motor distal latencies and limb conduction velocities, but reduced compound muscle action potential amplitudes. Sensory nerve action potentials and, when elicitable, F waves are within the range of normal. Recovery is usually good. Autopsy studies have shown Wallerian-like degeneration of motor fibers. These studies establish that this is a distinctive syndrome, distinguishable from poliomyelitis and demyelinating Guillain-Barré syndrome.