gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoreduction of Cobalt(III) Complexes at 2537 Å<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoreduction of Cobalt(III) Complexes at 2537 Å1John F. Endicott and Morton Z. HoffmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 15, 3348–3357Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01093a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01093a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lipolysis of LDL by Human Secretory Phospholipase A <sub>2</sub> Induces Particle Fusion and Enhances the Retention of LDL to Human Aortic Proteoglycans (2001)

The first morphological sign of atherogenesis is the accumulation of extracellular lipid droplets in the proteoglycan-rich subendothelial layer of the arterial intima. Secretory nonpancreatic phospholipase A(2) (snpPLA(2)), an enzyme capable of lipolyzing LDL particles, is found in the arterial extracellular matrix and in contact with the extracellular lipid droplets. We have recently shown that in the presence of heparin, lipolysis of LDL with bee venom PLA(2) induces aggregation and fusion of the particles. Here, we studied the effect of human snpPLA(2) on the integrity of LDL particles and on their interaction with human aortic proteoglycans. In addition, the capacity of the proteoglycans to retain PLA(2)-lipolyzed LDL particles was tested in a microtiter well assay. We found that lipolysis of LDL induced fusion of proteoglycan-bound LDL particles, which increased their binding strength to the proteoglycans. Moreover, lipolysis of LDL with snpPLA(2) under physiological salt and albumin concentrations induced a 3-fold increase in the amount of LDL bound to proteoglycans. The results imply a role for PLA(2) in the retention and accumulation of LDL to the proteoglycan matrix in atherosclerosis.
Ennivs <i>Annales</i> 567 (Vahlen) (1909)

The line is preserved in a passage of Consentius ‘De Barbarismis et Metaplasmis’ (Keil's Gramm. Lat. v. p. 400, 9): sicut Lucilius ‘ore corupto’; dempsit enim unam litteram per metaplasmum, r; et Ennius ‘huic statuam,’ etc.
Essential factors in high-duty FLC matrix display (1988)

Abstract Two important features in high-duty FLC matrix driving, bistability and switchablity, are studied. Bistability is destroyed in certain kinds of alignment because of the ionic impurity accumulation at liquid crystal surfaces. Control of surface molecular configuration is crucial to avoid this monostablization. Unswitchable alignment appears if the liquid crystal has a large spontaneous polarization. Relation between this anomaly and electrical properties of subutrates is also discussed. The possibility of high-duty multiplex driving has been confirmed in display panels with 400 scanning lines.
Natural refining of extruded‐expelled soybean oils having various fatty acid compositions (2001)

Abstract Simple, low‐capital‐investment oil refining techniques, which may also meet the needs of natural or organic food industries, were explored to process extruded‐expelled (E‐E) soybean oils with various fatty acid compositions. Most settled E‐E oils are naturally low in phosphatides (<100 ppm phosphorus) and were easily water degummed to low phosphorus levels (<55 ppm). Free fatty acids were reduced to 0.04% by adsorption with 3% Magnesol ® . Magnesol reduced residual phosphorus contents to negligible levels. This material also adsorbed primary and secondary oil oxidation products. Our adsorption refining procedure was much milder than conventional refining, as indicated by little formation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products and less loss of tocopherol. The remaining challenge to effective natural refining is the removal of off‐flavor components. Our adsorption treatment reduced the natural flavor of soybean oil but flavor was still present, probably too strong for many consumers. Polyunsaturated oils oxidized more easily than did the other types of oils; therefore, precautions should be taken when refining such oils. High‐oleic soybean oil, on the other hand, had excellent oxidative stability and better flavor characteristics after degumming and adsorption with Magnesol compared with other oils.
EEG-based evaluation system for motion sickness estimation (2011)

Motion sickness is a common symptom which occurs when the brain receives conflicting sensory information. Although many motion sickness-related biomarkers have been identified, estimating humans' motion sickness level (MSL) remains a challenge in operational environments. Traditionally, questionnaire and physical check are the common ways to passively evaluate subject's sickness level. This study proposes a physiology-based estimation system that can automatically assess subject's motion-sickness level in operational environments. Our previous study showed that increases in self-reported MSL in a Virtual-reality based driving experiment on a motion platform were accompanied by elevated alpha (8-12Hz) power most prominently in the occipital midline electroencephalogram (EEG). This study explores the feasibility of an automatic MSL estimation based on spontaneous EEG spectrum. To this end, this study employed three different estimators: 1) Linear regression (LR), 2) Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and 3) Support vector regression (SVR). The results of this study showed that SVR outperformed LR and RBFNN in estimating MSL from EEG spectrum. The averaged accuracy of MSL estimation by SVR was 86.92±6.09% across 6 subjects. This demonstration could lead to a practical system for noninvasive monitoring of the motion sickness in real-world environments.
Antibiotics: Their Chemistry and Non-Medical Uses (1959)

The title of this book might be misleading to those not having had an opportunity to review it. Actually, anyone interested in antibiotics, whether their field is medical or nonmedical, should find it an excellent reference source. The first two chapters cover basic material on antibiotics, including antibacterial effects, mode of action, and chemistry. The next four chapters cover the use of these drugs in nutrition, in plant disease control, food preservation, and their use in the isolation of pure cultures. The final chapter discusses in detail the public health significance of the nonmedical uses of antibiotics. The organization of the book is good, and the clinician readily will note from the last chapter that the nonmedical uses of antibiotics really become medical problems, since such uses may result in antibiotic residues in foods, including meats, milk, fruits, and vegetables, that are consumed by man. Ingestion of antibiotic residues may
Microwave Performance of Distributed Analog Phase Shifter Using Ferroelectric (Ba,Sr)TiO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films (2003)

Abstract This work presents the design, fabrication and microwave performance of distributed analog phase shifter (DAPS) fabricated on (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) thin films for X-band applications. Ferroelectric BST thin films were deposited on MgO substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The DAPS consists of high impedance coplanar waveguide (CPW) and periodically loaded tunable BST interdigitated capacitors (IDC). In order to reduce the insertion loss of DAPS and to remove the alteration of unloaded CPW properties according to an applied dc bias voltage, BST layer under transmission lines were removed by photolithography and RF-ion milling. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results at the frequencies of interest. The measured differential phase shift based on BST thin films was 24° and the insertion loss decreased from −1.1 dB to −0.7 dB with increasing the bias voltage from 0 to 40 V at 10 GHz. Keywords: Ferroelectric thin films distributed analog phase shifter coplanar waveguide interdigitated capacitor phased array antenna
The Molecular Basis of Memory (2012)

We propose a tripartite biochemical mechanism for memory. Three physiologic components are involved, namely, the neuron (individual and circuit), the surrounding neural extracellular matrix, and the various trace metals distributed within the matrix. The binding of a metal cation affects a corresponding nanostructure (shrinking, twisting, expansion) and dielectric sensibility of the chelating node (address) within the matrix lattice, sensed by the neuron. The neural extracellular matrix serves as an electro-elastic lattice, wherein neurons manipulate multiple trace metals (n > 10) to encode, store, and decode coginive information. The proposed mechanism explains brains low energy requirements and high rates of storage capacity described in multiples of Avogadro number (N(A) = 6 × 10(23)). Supportive evidence correlates memory loss to trace metal toxicity or deficiency, or breakdown in the delivery/transport of metals to the matrix, or its degradation. Inherited diseases revolving around dysfunctional trace metal metabolism and memory dysfunction, include Alzheimer's disease (Al, Zn, Fe), Wilson's disease (Cu), thalassemia (Fe), and autism (metallothionein). The tripartite mechanism points to the electro-elastic interactions of neurons with trace metals distributed within the neural extracellular matrix, as the molecular underpinning of "synaptic plasticity" affecting short-term memory, long-term memory, and forgetting.
Genetic variability analysis in five populations of the sea cucumber <i>Stichopus</i> (<i>Apostichopus</i>) <i>japonicus</i> from China, Russia, South Korea and Japan as revealed by microsatellite markers (2009)

Abstract The genetic structure of populations of the sea cucumber Stichopus ( Apostichopus ) japonicus was investigated using 10 microsatellite markers. In all, 152 individuals from five natural populations were collected from Aomori, Japan (JA and JR), Yosu, South Korea (KY), Dalian, China (CD) and Vladivostock, Russia (RV). A total of 145 alleles were found at 10 loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 9 at PSC03 to 20 at SCZ06, with an average of 14.5. Average H o and H e ranged from 0.260 (JR) to 0.434 (JA) and from 0.654 (RV) to 0.778 (KY), respectively. No significant differences at A , H o and H e were found, indicating similar genetic diversity in the five populations. A single allele was found at the PSC05 locus in the RV population. Of the 50 loci, 42 significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, all showing heterozygote deficiency. The genetic distances were all relatively great, ranging from 0.497 (between JA and KY) to 1.029 (between KY and JR). This suggests the five populations are genetically distinct. Cluster analysis indicated that JA, KY and CD form one branch and RV and JR another in the UPGMA tree. A hypothesis is proposed for the evolution of the Japanese red sea cucumbers and the genetic relationship among the populations.
Testing the quality of 12 lead holter analysis algorithms (2008)

Computer assisted analysis of ECGs has recently experienced a remarkable revival due to its increased importance as biomarker in clinical trials. Especially 12-lead 24 h Holter-recording is nowadays routinely applied. But how accurate is the automatic computer analysis of 12 lead Holter recordings? While there are several data bases to evaluate the performance of 2-lead Holter algorithms, e.g., MIT-BIH, AHA etc., to our knowledge, there is no annotated data base for real 12-lead Holter algorithms. We have therefore created a new 12 lead ECG data base containing 50 Holter ECGs from the University Hospital Munich, Campus Großhadern. The following paper describes the data base and its application for evaluating different 12 lead Holter analysis algorithms in detail.
<title>Fast ellipsometry and Mueller matrix ellipsometry using the division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter</title> (1996)

This paper describes the division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter, DOAP, which measures the complete polarization state of light at rates up to 2 KHz and is being developed for measurement rates up to 2 MHz. Application of the DOAP for fast ellipsometry and for Mueller-matrix ellipsometry is also described. Example results from fast ellipsometry during pulse heating experiments are given. Mueller-matrix ellipsometry using rotating quarter wave retarders and liquid crystal phase retarders is presented along with recent results.
The Effect of Tetrahydroisoxazolopyridinol (THIP) in Tardive Dyskinesia (1982)

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists have been proposed for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, but their therapeutic potential has been limited by side effects and toxicity. To elucidate further the role of GABA in neuroleptic-induced dyskinesias, we evaluated tetrahydroisoxazolopyridinol (THIP), a new, less toxic GABA analog and GABA receptor agonist, in both a dose-finding (single-dose) pilot study with five patients and a longer (four-week) placebo-controlled study with 13 patients. The patients were videotaped during a standardized examination; tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonian symptoms, and eye-blinking rates were rated blindly and randomly. The maximal short-term dose of THIP was 10 to 25 mg, whereas in the longer-term study the highest daily dose ranged from 20 to 120 mg. Tardive dyskinesia was unchanged during THIP treatment, but preexisting parkinsonism increased significantly and eye-blinking rates decreased. Psychiatric symptoms showed no significant changes, although tension and depression lessened. Side effects included sedation, confusion, dizziness, vomiting, and myoclonic jerks. Although THIP is not an effective new treatment for tardive dyskinesia, more specific GABA agonists should be evaluated in future studies of this syndrome.
Genome-wide analysis of Alu editability (2014)

A-to-I RNA editing is apparently the most abundant post-transcriptional modification in primates. Virtually all editing sites reside within the repetitive Alu SINEs. Alu sequences are the dominant repeats in the human genome and thus are likely to pair with neighboring reversely oriented repeats and form double-stranded RNA structures that are bound by ADAR enzymes. Editing levels vary considerably between different adenosine sites within Alu repeats. Part of the variability has been explained by local sequence and structural motifs. Here, we focus on global characteristics that affect the editability at the Alu level. We use large RNA-seq data sets to analyze the editing levels in 203 798 Alu repeats residing within human genes. The most important factor affecting Alu editability is its distance to the closest reversely oriented neighbor-average editability decays exponentially with this distance, with a typical distance of ∼800 bp. This effect alone accounts for 28% of the total variance in editability. In addition, the number of Alu repeats of the same and reverse strand in the genomic vicinity, the expressed strand of the Alu, Alu's length and subfamily and the occurrence of reversely oriented neighbor in the same intron\exon all contribute, to a lesser extent, to the Alu editability.
A Speech Intelligibility Estimation Method Using a Non-reference Feature Set (2015)

We proposed and evaluated a speech intelligibility estimation method that does not require a clean speech reference signal. The propose method uses the features defined in the ITU-T standard P.563, which estimates the overall quality of speech without the reference signal. We selected two sets of features from the P.563 features; the basic 9-feature set, which includes basic features that characterize both speech and background noise, e.g., cepstrum skewness and LPC kurtosis, and the extended 31-feature set with 22 additional features for a more accurate description of the degraded speech and noise, e.g., SNR, average pitch, and spectral clarity among others. Four hundred noise samples were added to speech, and about 70% of these samples were used to train a support vector regression (SVR) model. The trained models were used to estimate the intelligibility of speech degraded by added noise. The proposed method showed a root mean square error (RMSE) value of about 10% and correlation with subjective intelligibility of about 0.93 for speech distorted with known noise type, and RMSE of about 16% and a correlation of about 0.84 for speech distorted with unknown noise type, both with either the 9 or the 31-dimension feature set. These results were higher than the estimation using frequency-weighed SNR calculated in critical frequency bands, which requires the clean reference signal for its calculation. We believe this level of accuracy proves the proposed method to be applicable to real-time speech quality monitoring in the field.
Genetic and Biologic Progression in Astrocytomas and Their Relation to Angiogenic Dysregulation (2002)

Infiltrative astrocytic neoplasms are the most common malignancies of the central nervous system. They remain clinically problematic because of their involvement of brain structures critical to proper cognitive, behavioral, and motor function; their widely invasive properties, which make them difficult to resect totally; and their nearly inevitable biologic progression in spite of adjuvant therapy. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, World Health Organization grade IV), the most malignant form of infiltrating astrocytoma, can present as a high-grade lesion from the outset (so-called de novo GBM) or can evolve from a lower grade precursor lesion (secondary GBM). Molecular genetic investigations suggest that GBM is best regarded as a clinicopathologic entity composed of multiple molecular genetic subsets. Molecular alterations associated with progression to GBM and that define genetic subsets include epidermal growth factor receptor amplifications, p53 mutations, retinoblastoma pathway alterations [most commonly, p16(CDKN2A) losses], and chromosome 10 alterations, including PTEN mutations. Despite the wide range of genetic events that ultimately lead to GBM, the vascular changes that evolve are remarkably similar. Microvascular hyperplasia is spatially and temporally associated with pseudopalisading necrosis in GBM and is believed to be driven by hypoxia-induced expression of proangiogenic cytokines such vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, genetic alterations in GBM are thought to contribute directly or indirectly to angiogenic dysregulation. Both p53 mutations and genetic losses on chromosome 10 may tip the balance toward an angiogenic phenotype through upregulation of proangiogenic factors and/or downregulation of angiogenesis inhibitors. Understanding genetic events and their relation to angiogenic regulation in astrocytic neoplasms may eventually lead to therapies that are specifically directed at molecularly defined subsets of these diseases.
Platelet factor 4 binding to lipid A of Gram-negative bacteria exposes PF4/heparin-like epitopes (2012)

The positively charged chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) forms immunogenic complexes with heparin and other polyanions. Resulting antibodies can induce the adverse drug effect heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. PF4 also binds to bacteria, thereby exposing the same neoantigen(s) as with heparin. In this study, we identified the negatively charged lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the PF4 binding structure on Gram-negative bacteria. We demonstrate by flow cytometry that mutant bacteria with progressively truncated LPS structures show increasingly enhanced PF4 binding activity. PF4 bound strongest to mutants lacking the O-antigen and core structure of LPS, but still exposing lipid A on their surfaces. Strikingly, PF4 bound more efficiently to bisphosphorylated lipid A than to monophosphorylated lipid A, suggesting that phosphate residues of lipid A mediate PF4 binding. Interactions of PF4 with Gram-negative bacteria, where only the lipid A part of LPS is exposed, induce epitopes on PF4 resembling those on PF4/heparin complexes as shown by binding of human anti-PF4/heparin antibodies. As both the lipid A on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria and the amino acids of PF4 contributing to polyanion binding are highly conserved, our results further support the hypothesis that neoepitope formation on PF4 after binding to bacteria is an ancient host defense mechanism.
Mitochondria a key role in microcystin‐LR kidney intoxication (2007)

Microcystins (MCs) are a group of closely related cyclic heptapeptides produced by a variety of common cyanobacteria. These toxins have been implicated in both human and livestock mortality. Microcystin-LR could affect renal physiology by altering vascular, glomerular and urinary parameters, indicating that MC-LR could act directly on the kidney. The aim of the current work was to examine the effect of MC-LR on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of rat kidney isolated mitochondria.Furthermore, microcystin-LR decreased both state 3 and carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP)-uncoupled respiration. The transmembrane potential was strongly depressed by MC-LR in a concentration dependent manner, pointing to an uncoupling effect; however, microcystin-LR did not increase the permeability of the inner mitochondria membrane to protons. Therefore, the transmembrane decrease was a consequence of a strong inhibitory effect on redox complexes. The addition of uncoupling concentrations of MC-LR to Ca(2+)-loaded mitochondria treated with ruthenium red resulted in mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, as evidenced by mitochondrial swelling in isosmotic sucrose medium. Mitochondrial swelling in the presence of Ca(2+) was prevented by cyclosporin A and was drastically inhibited by catalase and dithiothreitol, indicating the participation of mitochondrial generated reactive oxygen species in this process. From this study it can be concluded that the bioenergetic lesion promoted by microcystin-LR seems to be sufficient to explain renal injury.
Interfacial tension minima in oil + water + surfactant systems. Effects of salt and temperature in systems containing non-ionic surfactants (1985)

Oil/water interfacial tensions have been determined in systems containing alkane, aqueous NaCl and N-dodecyl polyoxyethylene non-ionic surfactants. The tensions are frequently very low (ca. 10–3 mN m–1) and pass through a minimum as the salt concentration, temperature or alkane chain length is varied. By the use of thermodynamics it is shown that the minimum with respect to salt concentration can arise through the competing effects on tension of the positive adsorption of surfactant and the negative adsorption of salt at the oil/water interface. It is assumed that surfactant adsorption is independent of salt concentration; it is not necessary to suppose that the sign of the surface excess of surfactant changes as a tension minimum is traversed. It is shown that a minimum in tension with respect to temperature can occur when the entropy of micelle formation and of formation of the plane oil/water interface (both expressed per mole of surfactant) are equal.