gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building efficient and highly run-time adaptable virtual machines (2016)

Programming language virtual machines (VMs) realize language semantics, enforce security properties, and execute applications efficiently. Fully Reflective Execution Environments (EEs) are VMs that additionally expose their whole structure and behavior to applications. This enables develop- ers to observe and adapt VMs at run time. However, there is a belief that reflective EEs are not viable for practical usages because such flexibility would incur a high performance overhead. To refute this belief, we built a reflective EE on top of a highly optimizing dynamic compiler. We introduced a new optimization model that, based on the conjecture that variability of low-level (EE-level) reflective behavior is low in many scenarios, mitigates the most significant sources of the performance overheads related to the reflective capabilities in the EE. Our experiments indicate that reflective EEs can reach peak performance in the order of standard VMs. Concretely, that a) if reflective mechanisms are not used the execution overhead is negligible compared to standard VMs, b) VM operations can be redefined at language-level without incurring in significant overheads, c) for several software adaptation tasks, applying the reflection at the VM level is not only lightweight in terms of engineering effort, but also competitive in terms of performance in comparison to other ad-hoc solutions.
Automated Quantitative Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy (2010)

Advances in microscopy automation and image analysis have given biologists the tools to attempt large scale systems-level experiments on biological systems using microscope image readout. Fluorescence microscopy has become a standard tool for assaying gene function in RNAi knockdown screens and protein localization studies in eukaryotic systems. Similar high throughput studies can be attempted in prokaryotes, though the difficulties surrounding work at the diffraction limit pose challenges, and targeting essential genes in a high throughput way can be difficult. Here we will discuss efforts to make live-cell fluorescent microscopy based experiments using genetically encoded fluorescent reporters an automated, high throughput, and quantitative endeavor amenable to systems-level experiments in bacteria. We emphasize a quantitative data reduction approach, using simulation to help develop biologically relevant cell measurements that completely characterize the cell image. We give an example of how this type of data can be directly exploited by statistical learning algorithms to discover functional pathways.
<i>N</i>,1,4-Tri(4-alkoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)-DAZA: efficient one-pot synthesis and labelling with<sup>68</sup>Ga for PET liver imaging<i>in ovo</i> (2018)

We report the isolation of a new type of 1,4-diazepan-6-amine (DAZA)-based ligand. Condensation of aldehydes with DAZA gives a novel class of 1,5-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes in nearly quantitative yields. Subsequent reductive cleavage of these bicyclic aminal species with sodium borohydride selectively leads to N,1,4-tri(4-alkoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)-1,4-diazepan-6-amines (alkoxy = Me: TMeOHB-DAZA; alkoxy = Et: TEtOHB-DAZA) via a unique reductive alkylation reaction in which a substituent is added to the DAZA moiety without the presence of an alkylating agent. Mass spectrometry studies of the intermediates suggest that the mechanism involves insertion of in situ released carbonyl species into an aminal bond to form hemiaminal intermediates, and subsequent reduction. TMeOHB-DAZA and TEtOHB-DAZA are hexadentate ligands suitable for effectively coordinating Ga(iii) ions. Chelation of the radionuclide 68Ga was achieved within 5 min at 100 °C. In vitro stability studies in PBS and human serum confirmed the kinetic inertness of the tracers as no 68Ga demetallation was observed over a period of 4 h. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging after in ovo administration to incubated ostrich eggs showed a high uptake in the liver, namely 27% (60 min post injection), and subsequent biliary excretion. These results suggest that [68Ga]Ga-TMeOHB-DAZA and [68Ga]Ga-TEtOHB-DAZA have excellent potential as hepatobiliary PET/CT imaging agents.
Elevated Plasma Chromogranin-A Concentrations in Prostatic Carcinoma (1991)

Chromogranin-A is considered a sensitive immunohistochemical tissue marker in neuroendocrine prostatic carcinoma. We report that the plasma chromogranin-A level was elevated in 48% of 25 patients with stage D2 prostate cancer, and suggest that this marker can be used to monitor the clinical course of these patients.
Extracellular expression of human epidermal growth factor encoded by an Escherichia coli K-12 plasmid stabilized by the ytl2-incR system of Salmonella typhimurium (1998)

A plasmid stabilization system, active in high copy-number plasmids, was cloned from the large resident plasmid, pSLT, of Salmonella typhimurium. The ytl2 gene, together with a 249-bp region (termed incR) downstream of the gene, imparted 10 4 -fold stability to a pBR322-based plasmid. The ytl2-incR region was then used to stabilize a recombinant plasmid carrying the human epidermal growth factor gene (with the Escherichia coli K-12 ompA signal sequence), behind the lacUV5 promoter. In shake flask tests to optimize expression of human epidermal growth factor, loss of recombinant plasmid was 1% when growth (both before and after induction with isopropyl--Dgalactopyranoside) took place even in the absence of antibiotic selection, and the specific activity of secreted human epidermal growth factor was ca 20 g per 10 8 cells at harvest, compared to a figure of ca 3 g per 10 8 cells when a comparable plasmid, but devoid of the ytl2-incR region, was employed, as outgrowth of plasmid-free cells after induction severely compromised the specific activity of the secreted product.
Enhanced glyco‐profiling by specific glycopeptide enrichment and complementary monolithic nano‐LC (ZIC‐HILIC/RP18e)/ESI‐MS analysis (2010)

Dedicated and specific sample preparation and adequate chromatographic resolution prior to MS are necessary for comprehensive and site-specific glycosylation analysis to compensate for high heterogeneity of protein glycosylation, low-abundance of specific glycoforms and ion-suppression effects caused by coelution of other peptides. This article describes a scheme for glycopeptide profiling, which comprises HILIC batch enrichment followed by complementary HILIC and RP-LC in 1-D and 2-D approaches. For reproducible and sensitive nano-LC/ESI-MS analysis, we used ZIC-HILIC and RP18e monolithic silica capillaries and assessed their retention characteristics and complementarity for glycopeptide separations. The experiments revealed that pre-enrichment of glycopeptides in combination with LC employing both phases considerably improves site-specific elucidation of glycosylation heterogeneity. Zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography showed high capability to separate glycopeptides by their glycan composition, which coeluted on RP18e. By varying solvent conditions, retention can be well tuned, and efficient separations were achieved even in absence of any additives like salt or formic acid. RP18e facilitated glycopeptide separations with high peak capacity based on peptide sequence and degree of sialylation. Implementing both orthogonal and complementary phases in 1-D and 2-D LC setups was shown to significantly increase the number of different identified glycoforms and possesses great potential for comprehensive glycoproteomics approaches.
Improved 1-Bark bandwidth auditory filter (1984)

A critical band filtering function attributed to Schroeder [A. J. Fourcin et al., ‘‘Speech processing by man and machine,’’ in Recognition of Complex Acoustic Signals, edited by Theodore H. Bullock (Dahlem Konferenzen, Berlin, 1977)] is modified to (i) ensure 1-Bark bandwidth, (ii) have asymptotic slopes which reflect filtering characteristics of the human ear, and (iii) attain its maximum at 0 Bark. A bank of the new filters spaced at 1-Bark intervals is presented, and its smoothing effect on a vowel spectrum is illustrated.
Sudden Cardiac Death During Exercise in a Weight Lifter Using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Pathological and Toxicological Findings (1990)

A 21-year-old, previously healthy weight lifter collapsed during a bench press workout. He had taken anabolic androgenic steroids parenterally for the previous several months. Pertinent autopsy findings included marked cardiac and renal hypertrophy and hepatosplenomegaly, with regional myocardial fibrosis and focal myocardial necrosis. Nandrolone (19-nor-testosterone) metabolites were identified in postmortem urine. The possible etiologies of the cardiac findings are discussed.
Sozialpolitik (2005)

Sozialpolitik ist ein Begriff der politischen und der fachwissenschaftlichen Sprache, der in sehr weiter, mittlerer und engerer Bedeutung verwendet wird. Sozialpolitik im sehr weiten Sinne meint die Gesamtheit der (materialrationalen) marktkorrigierenden, -ergänzenden und -lenkenden politischen Eingriffe in die (formal-rationale) Wirtschaft. Sozialpolitik im engeren Sinne bezeichnet die institutionellen, prozessualen und entscheidungsinhaltlichen Aspekte aller Bestrebungen, die darauf gerichtet sind, die soziale Sicherheit eines Teils oder der Gesamtheit der Bevölkerung gesamtgesellschaftlich verbindlich zu regeln, und zwar durch Staat, Verbände, Betriebe, Familien und private Vorsorge. Leitziele dieser Sozialpolitik sind vor allem Schutz vor Not, Sicherung gegen Wechselfälle des Lebens (insbesondere Einkommensausfall infolge von Alter, Invalidität, Krankheit, Pflegebedürftigkeit, (→) Arbeitslosigkeit und Mutterschaft), Bekämpfung krasser sozialer Ungleichheit sowie Mehrung der Wohlfahrt insgesamt. Zur Sozialpolitik im mittelweiten Sinne — die zusammen mit der Sozialpolitik im engeren Sinne im Zentrum dieses Beitrages steht — gehören zusätzlich die Gestaltung der Arbeitsordnung, mitunter auch die Beschäftigungspolitik und das Bildungswesen, so insbesondere im (→) Wohlfahrtsstaat britischer und nordeuropäischer Prägung. Die Sozialpolitik bedient sich verschiedenartiger Mittel und Instrumente, die vom Gebot, Verbot und prozedualer Steuerung bis zu Geldzahlungen und (→) Dienstleistungen reichen.
Automating Quality Measures for Heart Failure Using Natural Language Processing: A Descriptive Study in the Department of Veterans Affairs (2018)

The CHIEF provided complete data for all patients in the cohort and could potentially improve the efficiency, timeliness, and utility of HF quality measurements.
New experimental studies on the phase diagram of the Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal-forming system (2019)

Phase diagrams of quasicrystal-forming alloy systems, such as Al-Cu-Fe, are essential to the continued development and fundamental understanding of quasicrystalline alloys, especially for the synthesis of single quasicrystals. Isothermal sections of the Al-Cu-Fe system at 700, 800, and 1000 °C were constructed over the whole composition range by investigations of three Cu/Fe/Al5Fe2 diffusion triples and forty-seven equilibrated alloys using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on experimental measurements and reasonable assumptions, eleven, eight, and six three-phase equilibria were obtained at 700, 800, and 1000 °C, respectively. The existence of the ternary I-Al6Cu2Fe icosahedral quasicrystalline phase was confirmed at both 700 and 800 °C, and the ternary ω-Al7Cu2Fe phase was only found at 700 °C. The stable composition range of the I phase was measured to be Al67-56Cu24-31Fe9–13 and Al66-58Cu23-28Fe11–14 at 700 and 800 °C, respectively. A wide continuous solution region formed among the α-Fe, β-AlFe, and Cu3Al phases at 800 and 1000 °C. A sufficiently large amount of new experimental phase equilibrium data was collected for the Al-Cu-Fe system that will help improve future thermodynamic description of this ternary system within the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) framework for designing Al-Cu-Fe-based quasicrystals.
Graphene Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Cancer Risk (2012)

Biosensor diagnostics based on bio-functionalized semiconductor devices are an important development in ultrasensitive sensors for early detection of disease biomarkers. Electrochemical devices using chemically modified graphene (CMG) channels are excellent candidates for nanobiosensors. This paper presents the development of novel antibody functionalized epitaxial graphene devices for bio-sensing applications. Epitaxial graphene has been grown on silicon carbide (SiC) substrates under high vacuum and high temperature conditions (1200 – 1700°C). A generic electrochemical surface functionalisation chemistry, which can be used to attach a variety of “bio-receptors” to graphitic surfaces, has been developed. The attached bio-receptors are capable of specific and selective interaction with disease biomarkers. When a target biomarker molecule interacts with the “bio-receptor” functionalized surface, the charge density at that surface is affected. This change can be detected as an electrical signal from the biosensor, enabling highly sensitive (nM) detection of biomarker analytes. This paper reports the fabrication of graphene channel sensors for detection of disease biomarkers.
ROMA HUKUKU’NDA VE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI HUKUKTA ALACAĞIN TEMLİKİ (2005)

Hukuki ilişkinin bir alt türü olarak borç ilişkisi, aktif süje olan alacaklı ile pasif süje olan borçlu arasında, bunlardan birini veya her birini diğerine karşı belli bir davranışta (edim) bulunmakla yükümlü hale getiren ve birtakım haklar ve yetkiler ihtiva edebilen hukuki bir bağdır. Borç ilişkisi bu şekilde tanımlanınca, bu kez, bu ilişkinin gerek aktif ve gerekse pasif süjesinde herhangi bir değişikliğin caiz olup olmadığı sorusu akla gelmektedir. Roma hukuku ve dolayısıyla Roma hukukçuları, borç ilişkisinin süjelerinde meydana gelebilecek böyle bir değişikliğe cevaz vermemişlerdi. Ancak, borç ilişkisinde, ticari veya ekonomik zorunluluklar sebebiyle, böyle bir ihtiyacın ortaya çıkması kaçınılmazdır. Bu sebeple, modern hukuklar ve bu arada hukukumuz, borç ilişkisinin süjelerinde meydana gelebilecek bu tür değişikliklere cevaz vermişlerdir Bu çalışmada, borç ilişkisinin aktif süjesinde (alacaklı taraf) değişiklik meydana getiren alacağın temliki konusu incelenecektir. Alacağın temliki ile alacaklı, sadece alacak hakkını devretmektedir. Yoksa borçlu ile arasında yasal ilişkiyi (yani borç ilişkisini) devretmemektedir. Borç ilişkisi, temlik eden ile borçlu arasında yine devam eder. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak Roma hukuku’nda alacağın temliki konusu
The 2020 motile active matter roadmap (2020)

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental in living and engineering systems. This has stimulated the new field of 'active matter' in recent years, which focuses on the physical aspects of propulsion mechanisms, and on motility-induced emergent collective behavior of a larger number of identical agents. The scale of agents ranges from nanomotors and microswimmers, to cells, fish, birds, and people. Inspired by biological microswimmers, various designs of autonomous synthetic nano- and micromachines have been proposed. Such machines provide the basis for multifunctional, highly responsive, intelligent (artificial) active materials, which exhibit emergent behavior and the ability to perform tasks in response to external stimuli. A major challenge for understanding and designing active matter is their inherent nonequilibrium nature due to persistent energy consumption, which invalidates equilibrium concepts such as free energy, detailed balance, and time-reversal symmetry. Unraveling, predicting, and controlling the behavior of active matter is a truly interdisciplinary endeavor at the interface of biology, chemistry, ecology, engineering, mathematics, and physics. The vast complexity of phenomena and mechanisms involved in the self-organization and dynamics of motile active matter comprises a major challenge. Hence, to advance, and eventually reach a comprehensive understanding, this important research area requires a concerted, synergetic approach of the various disciplines. The 2020 motile active matter roadmap of Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter addresses the current state of the art of the field and provides guidance for both students as well as established scientists in their efforts to advance this fascinating area.
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone as Wide-Range Solvent for Titration of Acid Mixtures and Nitrogen Bases (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethyl Isobutyl Ketone as Wide-Range Solvent for Titration of Acid Mixtures and Nitrogen BasesD. B. Bruss and G. E. A. WyldCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 2, 232–235Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60122a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60122a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cure Monitoring of Aerospace Epoxy Resins and Prepregs by Fourier Transform Infrared Emission Spectroscopy (1996)

Spectral analysis of the infrared radiation emitted from thin films of resin transferred from the surface of high performance aerospace carbon fibreepoxy composite prepregs and heated to the cure temperature allows the cure chemistry and kinetics to be monitored in real time. Quantitative spectra with excellent signal-to-noise ratio are obtained by heating a thin resin film on a platinum hotplate fitted to the external optics of a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and referencing the resulting emission (with the platinum emission subtracted) to a graphite black body at the same temperature. The resulting spectra are identical to absorption spectra and the quantitative features of the analysis are demonstrated by the appearance of isosbestic points during the curing reactions, so indicating that concentration profiles of the reacting species may be obtained. From the initial rate of amine and epoxy consumption, activation energies of 75kJ mol−1 were obtained for both functional groups in the uncatalysed resin 4,4′-tetraglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane (TGDDM) with 27% 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS), while values of 74 and 89kJ mol−1 were obtained for amine and epoxy consumption from the TGDDM/DDS prepreg catalysed with boron trifluoride monoethylamine (Hercules 3501–6), consistent with homopolymerization occurring in the prepreg as well as amine–epoxy addition. Analysis of the FTIR emission at 177°C of resin from prepreg aged up to 90h at 23°C and 55% relative humidity shows a lowering of epoxy and amine concentration and a higher rate of cure, consistent with the formation of catalytic species. This technique may be used to monitor changes in surface properties such as tack and resin transfer, in addition to changes in the cure profile of the aged epoxy propreg.
An Adaptive Time, Frequency and Code Allocation for MC-CDMA Systems (2006)

In this paper, we propose an adaptive time, frequency and code allocation algorithm to guarantee heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) of users in multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. It is separated into two stages. First, time slots and frequency bands are allocated based on the proposed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold which reflects channel information and the QoS requirements of each user. Next, we propose a cost function which represents sum delay of users and then the codes are allocated by minimizing the cost function while guaranteeing the required bit error rate (BER) of users. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm yields lower outage probability and higher throughput compared with the existing algorithms.
Athermal micro-ablation of transparent materials by multiphoton absorption with an amplified Nd : Yag microchip laser generating green sub-nanosecond pulses (2015)

Les microchip lasers à impulsions sub-nanosecondes peuvent être des alternatives intéressantes aux lasers à impulsions femtosecondes pour le micro-usinage des matériaux transparents par absorption multiphotonique. Ces lasers peuvent facilement atteindre les puissances crêtes nécessaires pour déclencher l'ablation de tous les matériaux, y compris les diamants, céramiques, plastiques, et des verres. En outre, ils sont de faible coût, avec un design compact et robuste. Dans cette thèse, un micro-chip laser Nd:YAG amplifié (532 nm, 300 ps) a été utilisé pour la micro-gravure et le marquage de différents types de matériaux transparents, comme le verre borosilicate D263, le verre BK7 et le thermoplastique SBS. L'analyse des résultats a montré un bon accord avec le modèle d'expulsion de matière suite à la génération d'un plasma provoqué par une absorption laser à deux photons. Une résolution sub-micronique de marquage a été obtenue à l'intérieur d'un verre de borosilicate. Des canaux microfluidiques pour capteurs optiques ont été gravés sur verre BK-7 comprenant des guides d'ondes réalisés par échange d'ionique. Des réseaux denses de micro-canaux ont été fabriqués à la surface de matériaux thermoplastiques avec une zone affectée par les effets thermiques limités à quelques micromètres. En conclusion, ce travail de thèse montre que l'utilisation de ce type de laser permet un micro-usinage de très haute résolution avec des effets thermiques limités.
Gallium–Indium–Tin Liquid Metal Nanodroplet-Based Anisotropic Conductive Adhesives for Flexible Integrated Electronics (2021)

Compared with traditional solder joint bonding, an anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA) provides an efficient and simple method for the interconnection of small-scale electronics. The wider application of ACAs for nanoelectronics is still suppressed, however, by the lack of durable and cost-effective conductive components. Herein, a series of core–shell eutectic gallium–indium–tin liquid metal (LM) nanodroplets (NDs) with different diameters have been successfully synthesized and regulated by a combination of laser irradiation and sonication. Due to their high conductivity and good fluidity, these LM NDs were used as soft conductive filler micro/nanoparticles for fabricating ACAs. The as-prepared ND-based ACAs present satisfactory anisotropic conductivity when used to interconnect small-scale electronic circuits. Highly durable anisotropic electrical performance was also maintained in flexible packed devices, even under bending or twisting operation modes.
Lithium Dimethylamide in the Preparation of Phosphorus- and Silicon-Nitrogen Compounds (1972)

Abstract Lithium dimethylamide, prepared in situ from dimethylamine and butyl lithium, is advantageously used in the preparation of a number of phosphorus and silicon derivatives.