gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Challenges of shape memory polymers: A review of the progress toward overcoming SMP's limitations (2008)

Abstract Many applications ranging from biomedical to aerospace have been proposed for the use of shape memory polymers (SMPs). To optimize SMPs properties for appropriately targeting such wide‐spreading application requirements, it becomes necessary to understand the structure/property relationships in SMPs. The literature was reviewed and the recent advances made in the development of SMPs were determined to establish guidelines for composition and structure considerations for designing SMPs with targeted chemical, physical, and shape memory (SM) properties. It was concluded that covalently crosslinked glassy thermosets appear to be better SMP candidates because of their intrinsically higher modulus, greater thermal and chemical stability, higher shape fixity and recovery, and possibly their longer cycle life. However, material design allows for reaching comparable or better properties for all classes of SMPs. This emphasizes that optimization of SMPs requires application‐specific molecular, structural, and geometrical design. Current techniques for improving stress recovery and cycle time, which compared to shape memory alloys are the two main limitations of SMPs, are extensively discussed. Understanding the relationships between the composition and structure of an SMP and its SM properties as well as its limitations enables one to better define the development areas for high performance SMPs. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Behind the Scenes of a Random Dot Stereogram (1994)

What are all those people staring at? What do they hope to see in those finely textured posters, beyond the almost random display of little flowers or paint splotches? Look deeper into the picture. Look beyond the surface. Cross your eyes. Blur your vision. Not since Rubic's Cube has a puzzle or game engaged and fascinated the public as have the currently faddish 3D illusions on display in bookstores and shopping malls across the country. For many the exercise ends in frustration, seeing nothing beyond the surface images. Could it be a case of mass hypnosis or The Emperor's New Clothes? For those who see the three dimensional images pop into view, there is surprise, pleasure, and wonder. Having had experiences of both types, we sympathize with those who have decided they have better things to do than stare off into space. But in fact knowing how the pictures are created, understanding the elementary geometry and optics of stereo- graphic vision, makes it much easier to see the images. We begin with the simplest example. Stare at the two dots below. If you relax your eyes you will probably see four dots. Try to merge the two middle images so that you see three dots. Once you've done that, you've seen your first, not so random, random dot stereogram. If after a few minutes you find that you cannot make yourself see three dots, you may be one of the 2% of the population which is stereoblind.
It's More Than a Desk: Working Smarter through Leveraged Office Design (2007)

Current trends in telecommuting and non-territorial office design have changed what it means to work in an on-site office and, subsequently, have increased the number of functions office design is expected to serve. At the same time, innovations in technology and design provide today's managers more choices than ever when outfitting their offices. This article offers a framework of leveraged office design that illustrates how managers can make design choices that both capitalize on the newest innovations in office design and serve the emerging needs of corporate workers. The framework specifically explores three functions of workplace design: instrumental functions, such as improving decision making and inter-group collaboration; symbolic functions, such as affirming individual distinctiveness and group status; and aesthetic functions, such as allowing for desired sensory experiences and promoting a sense of place attachment. This framework illustrates how organizations can capitalize on all three functions through their choices in office decor and layout.
Poly-crystalline silicon-carbide (SiCarb) emitter bipolar transistors (2002)

The use of polycrystalline silicon-carbide (SiCarb) as a wide bandgap emitter for bipolar transistors is investigated. The SiCarb is deposited in a modified LPCVD reactor with propane used as the carbon source gas, giving carbon concentrations of 4, 8, 16, and 18%. Doping of the emitter layers is achieved either by arsenic implantation into he undoped layers or by the use of in situ phosphorus doped layers, together with a rapid thermal emitter anneal. The 4 and 8% SiCarb devices show a factor of 2.5 reduction in base current compared to a polysilicon control, while the 16 and 18% SiCarb devices show a factor of 2.8 increase in base current compared to a polysilicon control. Modeling of these devices indicates that the base currents are dominated by poly-emitter effects such as a low mobility in the deposited SiCarb layers and recombination at the SiCarb/monosilicon interface, rather than by any wide bandgap emitter effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and Structure of Li[(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>(TACN-<i><sup>i</sup></i>Pr<sub>2</sub>)]. A Lithium Complex Supported by a Cp/TACN-<i><sup>i</sup></i>Pr<sub>2</sub>Ligand (2000)

The new ligand (C5H5)CH2CH2(TACN-iPr2) (TACN-iPr2 = 4,7-diisopropyl-1,4,7-triaza-1-cyclononyl) has been prepared and structurally characterized as its lithium complex, Li[(C5H4)CH2CH2(TACN-iPr2)]. The method of preparation employed nucleophilic addition of the lithium amide complex [Li(TACN-iPr2)]2 to spiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-diene. The crystal structure of [Li(TACN-iPr2)]2 is also presented.
Hybridization of native and chemically modified enzymes. I. Development of a general method and its application to the study of the subunit structure of aldolase (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHybridization of native and chemically modified enzymes. I. Development of a general method and its application to the study of the subunit structure of aldolaseE. A. Meighen and H. K. SchachmanCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 5, 1163–1176Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00807a017https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00807a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dexamethasone Therapy for Bacterial Meningitis (1988)

We enrolled 200 infants and older children with bacterial meningitis in two prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone therapy in addition to either cefuroxime (Study 1) or ceftriaxone (Study 2). Altogether, 98 patients received placebo and 102 received dexamethasone (0.15 mg per kilogram of body weight every six hours for four days). At the beginning of therapy, the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients in the treatment groups were comparable. The mean increase in the cerebrospinal fluid concentration of glucose and the decreases in lactate and protein levels after 24 hours of therapy were significantly greater in those who received dexamethasone than in those who received placebo (glucose, 2.0 vs. 0.4 mmol per liter [36.0 vs. 6.9 mg per deciliter], P less than 0.001; lactate, 4.0 vs. 2.1 mmol per liter [38.3 vs. 19.8 mg per deciliter], P less than 0.001; and protein, 0.64 vs. 0.25 g per liter [64.0 vs. 25.3 mg per deciliter], P less than 0.05). One patient in the placebo group in Study 1 died. As compared with those who received placebo, the patients who received dexamethasone became afebrile earlier (1.6 vs. 5.0 days; P less than 0.001) and were less likely to acquire moderate or more severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (15.5 vs. 3.3 percent; P less than 0.01). Twelve patients in the two placebo groups (14 percent) had severe or profound bilateral hearing loss requiring the use of a hearing aid, as compared with 1 (1 percent) in the two dexamethasone groups (P less than 0.001). We conclude that dexamethasone is beneficial in the treatment of infants and children with bacterial meningitis, particularly in preventing deafness.
Studies on NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase and its Role in Vitamin K Dependent Carboxylation (1977)

A simple two-step method has been established for the purification of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (DT diaphorase) from rat liver by affinity chromatography. The same method has been used to remove selectively the enzyme from the detergent-solubilized, microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylating system. The removal of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase inactivated the system, but the activity is restored if purified enzyme is added back to the system.
<sup>1</sup>H NMR studies of lac-operator DNA fragments (1981)

The hydrogen-bonded imino protons of a 14 base pair double-stranded DNA fragment comprising one half of the lac operator of E. coli were investigated by 360 MHz H NMR. From combined melting studies of this synthetic 14 b.p. fragment and its two constituent 7 b.p. fragments a nearly complete assignment for the low-field proton resonances was obtained. The experimental spectra are compared with calculated spectra and with the spectrum of a 51 b.p. DNA restriction fragment from E. coli containing the complete lac operator. Structural information on these oligonucleotides is presented. This study is a prerequisite for future 1H NMR investigations of the interaction of the lac operator with the lac repressor.
Sudden Death in Infants Sleeping on Polystyrene-Filled Cushions (1991)

Accidental suffocation by rebreathing was the most likely cause of death in most of the 25 infants studied. Consequently, there is a need to reassess the cause of death in the 28 to 52 percent of the victims of SIDS who are found with their faces straight down. Safety regulations setting standards for softness, malleability, and the potential for rebreathing are needed for infant bedding.
Highly Fluorinated Comb‐Shaped Copolymers as Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs): Improving PEM Properties Through Rational Design (2006)

Abstract A new class of comb‐shaped polymers for use as a proton conducting membrane is presented. The polymer is designed to combine the beneficial physical, chemical, and structural attributes of fluorinated Nafion‐like materials with higher‐temperature, polyaromatic‐based polymer backbones. The comb‐shaped polymer unites a rigid, polyaromatic, hydrophobic backbone with lengthy hydrophilic polymer side chains; this combination affords direct control over the polymer nanostructure within the membrane and results in distinct microphase separation between the opposing domains. The microphase separation serves to compartmentalize water into the hydrophilic polymer side chain domains, resulting in effective membrane water management and excellent proton conductivities.
Late onset <scp>GM<sub>2</sub></scp> gangliosidosis presenting with motor neuron disease: An autopsy case (2013)

Adult-onset GM2 gangliosidosis is very rare and only three autopsy cases have been reported up to now. We report herein an autopsy case of adult-onset GM2 gangliosidosis. The patient developed slowly progressive motor neuron disease-like symptoms after longstanding mood disorder and cognitive dysfunction. He developed gait disturbance and weakness of lower limbs at age 52 years. Because of progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, he became bed-ridden at age 65. At age of 68, he died. His neurological findings presented slight cognitive disturbance, slight manic state, severe muscle weakness, atrophy of four limbs and no extrapyramidal signs and symptoms, and cerebellar ataxia. Neuropathologically, mild neuronal loss and abundant lipid deposits were noted in the neuronal cytoplasm throughout the nervous system, including peripheral autonomic neurons. The most outstanding findings were marked neuronal loss and distended neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, which supports his clinical symptomatology of lower motor neuron disease in this case. The presence of lipofuscin, zebra bodies and membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB) and the increase of GM2 ganglioside by biochemistry led to diagnosis of GM2 gangliosidosis.
Measurement of subcutaneous fat thickness with high frequency pulsed ultrasound: comparisons with a caliper and a radiographic technique (1988)

This paper reports the use of a 10 MHz pulsed A-scan ultrasound system to measure the thickness of subcutaneous fat and its comparison with two other established techniques. Measurements using both ultrasound and Harpenden's skin calipers were made on the abdomen, over the scapula region, over the triceps and on the front of the thigh. Computerised axial tomography (CAT) was also used to obtain measurements of subcutaneous fat over the abdomen. In most instances the different techniques were significantly correlated. The ultrasound method showed non-dependency or bias upon the size of measurement when compared with the other two techniques. In addition, the ultrasound method was considered more accurate, reproducible and sensitive compared with the caliper technique and much more convenient than CAT scanning. However, the presence of septa at some sites in the more obese subjects was revealed by CAT scanning and made ultrasound assessment at these sites more difficult.
Phase matching and harmonic generation in Bessel Gauss–beams (1998)

Conversion efficiencies and far-field profiles for third-order harmonic generation in an atomic medium irradiated by an intense Bessel–Gauss beam are calculated with an integral method. The calculation takes into account the nonperturbative variation of the atomic polarizabilities, target depletion by photoionization, and the effect of the free electrons. Numerical results are presented for a pump beam of 355-nm wavelength and up to 3×1013 W/cm2 intensity incident on hydrogen. They are compared with equivalent results for a pure Gaussian pump beam. Significant differences are found that originate from the different phase-matching properties and intensity profile of Bessel–Gauss beams.
Biosynthèse de la carnitine chez les mammifères (1982)

The oxidation of long-chain fatty acids is carnitine-dependent; these fatty acids penetrate the mitochondrion to be oxidized only when they are bound to carnitine in the form of acyl-carnitines. To meet the need for carnitine, animals depend on both exogenous supplies and endogenous synthesis. The aim of the present paper is to review our knowledge of endogenous carnitine synthesis. The precursors of carnitine are lysine and methionine but its true point of origin is trimethyllysine. This molecule is either obtained from the diet or is synthesized in the body from L-lysine (bound to protein) which is methylated 3 consecutive times by an S-adenosyl-methionine. Trimethyllysine is transformed into hydroxy-trimethyllysine, then into trimethylaminobutyraldehyde and finally into trimethylaminobutrate (or gamma-butyrobetaine). The gamma-butyrobetaine is hydroxylated into carnitine. This reaction chain only functions well when three vitamins--ascorbic acid, pyridoxin and niacin--are present. Studies on rat have shown that skeletal muscle, heart, intestines, testis, and especially kidneys, insure the transformation of trimethyllysine into gamma-butyrobetaine but that only the testis, and especially liver, can hydroxylate gamma-butyrobetaine into carnitine. However, in rat the relative importance of the kidneys and liver in total carnitine synthesis has not yet been determined. The situation is the same in man, although it has been proven that human brain and kidneys, as liver, have gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. It is known that the rate of carnitine synthesis depends on three factors--the amount of trimethyllysine available, the rate of gamma-butyrobetaine transfer to tissue(s) hydroxylating it and gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase activity. Moreover, it appears that carnitine synthesis is not slowed down by prolonged fasting, that it does not completely cover body needs during the first postnatal days, and that it does not decrease in two patients with systematic carnitine deficiency.
Partial-scrambling of images encoded using JPEG2000 without generating marker codes (2004)

A method is described for efficient partial-scrambling of JPEG2000 images that avoids generating marker codes and improves the ability to control the degree, strength, and computational complexity of scrambling. This higher control ability is due to the use of a parameter. This parameter also controls the scrambling time, an important consideration for real-time processing.
Calibration of a speckle-based compressive sensing receiver (2017)

Optical speckle in a multimode waveguide has been proposed to perform the function of a compressive sensing (CS) measurement matrix (MM) in a receiver for GHz-band radio frequency (RF) signals. Unlike other devices used for the CS MM, e.g. the digital micromirror device (DMD) used in the single pixel camera, the elements of the speckle MM are not known before use and must be measured and calibrated. In our system, the RF signal is modulated on a repetitively pulsed chirped wavelength laser source, generated from mode-locked laser pulses that have been dispersed in time or from an electrically addressed distributed Bragg reflector laser. Next, the optical beam with RF propagates through a multimode fiber or waveguide, which applies different weights in wavelength (or equivalently time) and space and performs the function of the CS MM. The output of the guide is directed to or imaged on a bank of photodiodes with integration time set to the pulse length of the chirp waveform. The output of each photodiode is digitized by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and the data from these ADCs are used to form the CS measurement vector. Accurate recovery of the RF signal from CS measurements depends critically on knowledge of the weights in the MM. Here we present results using a stable wavelength laser source to probe the guide.
Is Nondiabetic Hyperglycemia a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease? (2004)

Blood glucose level is a risk marker for CVD among apparently healthy individuals without diabetes.
Recent development of temperature-responsive surfaces and their application for cell sheet engineering (2014)

Cell sheet engineering, which fabricates sheet-like tissues without biodegradable scaffolds, has been proposed as a novel approach for tissue engineering. Cells have been cultured and proliferate to confluence on a temperature-responsive cell culture surface at 37°C. By decreasing temperature to 20°C, an intact cell sheet can be harvested from the culture surface without enzymatic treatment. This new approach enables cells to keep their cell-cell junction, cell surface proteins and extracellular matrix. Therefore, recovered cell sheet can be easily not only transplanted to host tissue, but also constructed a three-dimensional (3D) tissue by layering cell sheets. Moreover, cell sheet manipulation technology and bioreactor have been combined with the cell sheet technology to fabricate a complex and functional 3D tissue in vitro. So far, cell sheet technology has been applied in regenerative medicine for several tissues, and a number of clinical studies have been performed. In this review, recent advances in the preparation of temperature-responsive cell culture surface, the fabrication of organ-like tissue and the clinical application of cell sheet engineering are summarized and discussed.
Study of Metal-Insulator-Metal Diodes for Photodetection (2013)

We study the optical responsivity of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) devices using different metals, but at least one metal with displaying plasmonic resonance characteristics.We apply quantum mechanical tunneling and equilibrium electron statistics to calculate the current density for the MIM structure with forward and backward bias voltages.We also examine the tunneling properties for nanoslabs and nanorods which alter the electron density of states by laterally confining the electrons and lead to a change of the tunneling current.To calculate the quantum tunneling current we use two methods for solving Schrdinger's equation: Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and Shooting method to simulate tunneling probability current through the insulating gap.Both methods are in excellent agreement.The tunneling current performance of MIM nanostructure is determined by the size and shape of insulator gap.Using the quantum results we calculate the DC and AC current of MIM nanostructures when an electromagnetic field is applied.The electrons tunnel through the v insulating gap driven by an electromagnetic field using a photon assisted tunneling expression.Finally, the results for the DC and AC current are evaluated to determine the MIM responsivity from the long wavelength infrared (IR) regime to the near IR regime.vi
Acute Corneal Epithelial Change after Instillation of Benzalkonium Chloride Evaluated Using a Newly Developed in vivo Corneal Transepithelial Electric Resistance Measurement Method (2007)

Corneal epithelial change with increased permeability is rapid and intense after the instillation of highly concentrated BAC solution, accompanied by disorder of tight junctions and cell membranes of superficial cells. The newly developed in vivo corneal TER measurement method is suitable for assessing acute corneal change after drug instillation.
High-sensitivity and wide-directivity ultrasound detection using high Q polymer microring resonators (2011)

Small size ultrahigh Q polymer microrings working at near visible wavelength have been experimentally demonstrated as ultralow noise ultrasound detectors with wide directivity at high frequencies (>20 MHz). By combining a resist reflow and a low bias continuous etching and passivation process in mold fabrication, imprinted polymer microrings with drastically improved sidewall smoothness were obtained. An ultralow noise-equivalent pressure of 21.4 Pa over 1-75 MHz range has been achieved using a fabricated detector of 60 μm diameter. The device's wide acceptance angle with high sensitivity considerably benefits ultrasound-related imaging.