gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoelectrochemical reduction of N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium in aqueous media at p-type silicon: sustained photogeneration of a species capable of evolving hydrogen (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoelectrochemical reduction of N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium in aqueous media at p-type silicon: sustained photogeneration of a species capable of evolving hydrogenDana C. Bookbinder, Nathan S. Lewis, Mark G. Bradley, Andrew B. Bocarsly, and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 26, 7721–7723Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00520a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00520a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystal structure of KBe<sub>2</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>F<sub>2</sub> (1995)

Abstract Potassium beryllium borate fluoride, KBe 2 · BO 3 F 2 , is rhombohedral (hexagonal axes) R 32 (No.155), a = b = 4.427(4) Å, c = 18.744(9) Å, V = 318.3(4) Å 3 , M = 153.93, D m = 2.40g · cm −3 , D x = 2.41 g · cm −3 for Z = 3, F (000) = 222, μ = 11.84 cm −1 , T = 296 K. The crystal structure has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and final R value for 260 unique reflections with I > 3 σ ( I ) is 3.1%. The results reveal a new type of complex polyanions. All B atoms are planar triangularly coordinated while all Be atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated. The feature of the borate framework is infinite sheets [Be 2 BO 3 F 2 ] which may be described in terms of six-membered rings of [Be 2 BO 6 F 2 ] having Be–O and B–O edges in common. The nonlinear optical(NLO) properties of this compound are also discussed here and the [BO 3 ] 3− anionic groups are principally responsible for the second harmonic generation (SHG) effect.
Recent Trends in Statewide Academic Library Consortia (1997)

HISTORICALLY, FORMED consortia for the primary purpose ACMEMlC LIBRNES of sharing printed materials. Recently, academic libraries are forming consortia to provide common access to electronic resources across the Internet, and they are forming these consortia on a statewide basis. This article describes five of these newer statewide efforts: GALILEO in Georgia, the Louisiana Library Network, OhioLink, TexShare in Texas, and VIVA in Virginia. In describing these consortia, particular attention will be paid to participating libraries, core programs, the reason for formation, funding, the involvement of the larger academic libraries in the state, and governance. Similarities and differences are discussed and emerging patterns in statewide academic library consortia dilineated.
A control clinical trial of honey-impregnated and povidone iodine dressings in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers among northern Indian subjects (2015)

To compare the effect of honey with povidone iodine as a dressing material in the management of diabetic foot ulcers among northern Indian subjects. Thirty six patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria hence data of 36 patients was collected and analyzed for various study parameters. The mean age of the patients was 52.4 ± 5.4 years (range 46–63 years). Males 24 (66.7%) outnumbered female patients 122 (33.3%). Wounds in the Group A took a mean duration of 14.2 days (range 6 - 25 days) to be ready for surgical closure. On the other hand, wounds in the Group B took a mean duration of 15.5 days (range 9 - 37 days) to achieve similar status. All patients in honey group experienced less pain during dressing. Oedema and foul smelling discharges resolved earlier as compared to the standard dressing group.
Optimization of the Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Nitroalkanes to Cyclic Enones with <i>trans</i>-4,5-Methano-<scp>l</scp>-proline (2006)

[reaction: see text] The conjugate addition of symmetrical 2-nitroalkanes to 2-cycloalkenones catalyzed by trans-4,5-methano-l-proline proceeds with >99% ee and excellent chemical yields. 1-Nitroalkanes afford diastereomeric syn/anti products that can be separated with good individual enantioselectivities. Proline hydroxamic acid and its trans-4,5-methano -l-proline hydroxamic acid are also effective organocatalysts in the addition of 2-nitropropane to 2-cyclohexenone (75% and 81% ee, respectively).
Human biliverdin reductase‐based peptides activate and inhibit glucose uptake through direct interaction with the kinase domain of insulin receptor (2014)

Insulin binding changes conformation of the insulin receptor kinase (IRK) domain and initiates glucose uptake through the insulin, IGF-1, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and MAPK pathways; human biliverdin reductase (hBVR) is an IRK substrate and pathway effector. This is the first report on hBVR peptide-mediated IRK activation and conformational change. (290)KYCCSRK, which increased IRK V(max) without changing K(m), stimulated glucose uptake and potentiated insulin and IGF-1 stimulation in 4 cell lines. KYCCSRK in native hBVR was necessary for the hBVR and IRK cross-activation. Peptide treatment also activated PI3K downstream effectors, Akt and ERK, phosphorylation, and Elk transcriptional activity. In cells transfected with CMV-regulated EGFP-VP-peptide plasmid, C(292)→A mutant did not stimulate glucose uptake; K(296)→A decreased uptake and kinase activity. KEDQYMKMTV, corresponding to hBVR's SH2-binding domain, was a potent inhibitor of glucose uptake and IRK. The mechanism of action of peptides was examined using cells expressing IRK (aa 988-1263) activated by coexpressed KYCCSRK. Three active cys-mutants of IRK, with fluorophore coupled to cysteines, C(1056), C(1138), or C(1234), were examined for changes in fluorescence emission spectra in the presence of peptides. KYCCSRK and KEDQYMKMTV bound to different sites in IRK. The findings identify novel agents for activating or inhibiting insulin signaling and offer a new approach for treatment of type 2 diabetes and hypoglycemia.
A feasibility study of crowdsourcing and google street view to determine sidewalk accessibility (2012)

We explore the feasibility of using crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk to identify and rank sidewalk accessibility issues from a manually curated database of 100 Google Street View images. We examine the effect of three different interactive labeling interfaces (Point, Rectangle, and Outline) on task accuracy and duration. We close the paper by discussing limitations and opportunities for future work.
Isolation and identification of pharmacologically active amino acids in skin and their structure‐activity relationship on the guinea‐pig ileum (1972)

1. Aqueous extracts of stratum corneum were found to cause histamine-like contractions of the guinea-pig ileum which were not antagonized by mepyramine, atropine or bromolysergic acid diethylamide.2. The compounds responsible for this contraction were isolated by chromatography and shown to be common amino acids, particularly L-serine and L-alanine which occur in abundance in the stratum corneum.3. Amino acid analogues were assayed on the guinea-pig ileum against alanine as standard. With the exception of gamma-amino butyric acid and L-alanine benzyl ester all analogues which had appreciable activity gave dose-response curves parallel to L-alanine.4. The response to L-alanine benzyl ester was abolished by mepyramine and this analogue appears to be a partial agonist on the histamine receptor.5. The effects of substitution on the equipotent molar ratios of amino acid analogues indicate that all four chemical groups attached to the alpha-carbon of L-alanine interact with the receptor.6. Our results suggest that the guinea-pig ileum contains an L-alpha-amino acid receptor.
Synthèse et copolymérisation avec l'acrylamide de macromonomères d'acrylate de dodécyle (1985)

Abstract Graft copolymers of well‐defined structure and composition were prepared by radical copolymerization of acrylamide and poly(dodecyl acrylate) macromonomers. The macromonomers were prepared by telomerization of dodecyl acrylate in the presence of 2‐mercaptoethanol as a transfer agent, followed by reaction with acryloyl chloride. Poly(dodecyl acrylate) macromonomers with M n = 1100, 1100, 2200 and 4600 were synthesized. The kinetics of the radical telomerization of dodecyl acrylate with 2‐mercaptoethanol and AIBN was studied at 66°C in THF. Under these conditions we obtained the transfer constant C T = 0,9. The graft copolymerization of acrylamide with the poly(dodecyl acrylate) macromonomer was carried out in the presence of the transfer agent C 6 F 13 C 2 H 4 SH. If C 0 = [AIBN]/[Acrylamide] = 0,01 and R 0 = [C 6 F 13 C 2 H 4 SH]/[Acrylamide] = 0,01, for acrylamide a DP n = 160 was obtained in all cases, for the macromonomer of M n = 1100 a DP n = 2,5, and for the macromonomer of M n > 1100 a DP n = 1.
Molecular Insights in the Structure and Layered Assembly of Polyelectrolytes at the Oil/Water Interface (2014)

Macromolecular assembly at the interface between water and a hydrophobic surface underlies some of the most important biological and environmental processes on the planet. Important model systems for understanding this assembly at such interfaces are polyelectrolytes that have hydrophilic units interspersed along a hydrophobic polymer backbone, similar to many biological macromolecules. This feature article provides recent advances in the molecular factors that contribute to the adsorption and assembly of carboxylic acid-containing polyelectrolytes at the carbon tetrachloride–water interface, a model system for an oil–water interface. Using vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy and interfacial tension techniques, these unique set of studies presented herein identify the factors that dictate whether or not polyelectrolytes will adsorb to the oil–water interface and also describe the specifics of the adsorption process that depend upon factors such as polymer size, charge density, hydrophobicity, conformation, and the effect of metal ion electrostatics and bonding.
Meningococcal disease: treatment and prevention (2002)

Many countries have been experiencing a significant increase in meningococcal disease. With the strains currently circulating, septicaemia is now a more frequent manifestation than meningitis and early recognition of disease manifestations by patient, parent or physician as well as early recognition of disease severity are the most important factors in attempting to reduce mortality and morbidity. Ceftriaxone is the treatment of choice but must be accompanied by aggressive supportive therapy in those with severe disease. The role of steroids is unknown. The evidence to support their use in both meningitis and severe systemic sepsis is discussed. The purified polysaccharide vaccines that have been available for some years may play a limited role in disease prevention. The recently introduced conjugate vaccine for preventing serogroup C disease represents a major advance but no vaccine is currently available to prevent serogroup B disease, cases of which will continue to challenge clinical practice.
Liposomal honokiol, a potent anti-angiogenesis agent, in combination with radiotherapy produces a synergistic antitumor efficacy without increasing toxicity (2008)

Honokiol is an active compound purified from magnolia that has been shown to induce cell differentiation, apoptosis, and anti-angiogenesis effects, as well as an enhancement in tumor growth delay in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in several mouse xenograft models. Our goal was to investigate the radiosensitization effect of honokiol on lung carcinoma. The radiosensitization effect of liposomal honokiol in Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LL/2) was analyzed using an in vitro clonogenic survival assay. For an in vivo study, Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice were treated with either liposomal honokiol at 25 mg/kg or 5 Gy of single tumor radiation, or a combination of both over 12 days of treatment. The tumor growth delay and the survival time were evaluated. In addition, histological analysis of tumor sections was performed to examine changes by detecting the microvessel density and apoptosis in tumor tissues. In the clonogenic survival assay, LL/2 cells treated with IC(50) Lipo-HNK for 24 h showed a radiation enhancement ratio of 1.9. After 12 days of combination treatment, the tumor volume decreased 78% and produced an anti-tumor activity 1.3-fold greater than a predicted additive effect of honokiol and radiation alone. This combination treatment also caused an 8.7 day delay in tumor growth. The cell cycle distribution and histological analysis demonstrated that liposomal honokiol has an anti-tumor effect via inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Liposomal honokiol can enhance tumor cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo, indicating that radiotherapy combined with liposomal honokiol can lead to greater anti-tumor efficacy.
Money laundering in and through Australia, 2004 (2007)

Worldwide concerns over the extent of money laundering, coupled with evidence that major terrorist activities have been facilitated by money laundering techniques, have significantly increased the level of knowledge and interest in the subject. Understanding money laundering demands analysis of the size of the problem and its impacts on society. This paper reports on recent research conducted in 2004 by John Walker Crimes Trends Analysis, RMIT University, and AUSTRAC which updates a 1995 report that estimates the cost of money laundering, and identifies risk areas for money laundering in and through Australia. Based on questionnaires and empirical data, the 2004 study found that the extent of money laundering in Australia was not significantly different from that in 1995. It suggests that Australia's relatively robust financial sector, the investment made in law enforcement and financial intelligence, and the nature of Australia's borders and stability have contributed to a lower than global average extent of laundering.
A broader role for AmyR in Aspergillus niger: regulation of the utilisation of d-glucose or d-galactose containing oligo- and polysaccharides (2011)

AmyR is commonly considered a regulator of starch degradation whose activity is induced by the presence of maltose, the disaccharide building block of starch. In this study, we demonstrate that the role of AmyR extends beyond starch degradation. Enzyme activity assays, genes expression analysis and growth profiling on D-glucose- and D-galactose-containing oligo- and polysaccharides showed that AmyR regulates the expression of some of the Aspergillus niger genes encoding α- and β-glucosidases, α- and β- galactosidases, as well as genes encoding α-amlyases and glucoamylases. In addition, we provide evidence that D-glucose or a metabolic product thereof may be the inducer of the AmyR system in A. niger and not maltose, as is commonly assumed.
Genetic algorithms in chemometrics (2012)

This review covers the application of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) in Chemometrics. The first applications of GAs in chemistry date back to the 1970s, and in the last decades, they have been more and more frequently used to solve different kinds of problems, for example, when the objective functions do not possess properties such as continuity, differentiability, and so on. These algorithms maintain and manipulate a family, or population, of solutions and implement a “survival of the fittest” strategy in their search for better solutions. GAs are very useful in the optimization and variable selection in modeling and calibration because of the strong effect of the relationship between presence/absence of variables in a calibration model and the prediction ability of the model itself. This review is not a complete summary of the applications of GAs to chemometric problems; its goal is rather to show the researchers the main fields of application of GAs, together with providing a list of references on the subject. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neighbor Discovery for Wireless Networks (2007)

We examine the problem of determining which nodes are neighbors of a given one in a wireless network. We consider an unsupervised network operating on a frequency- flat Gaussian channel, where K + 1 nodes associate their identities to nonorthogonal signatures, transmitted at random times, synchronously, and independently. A number of neighbor- discovery algorithms, based on different optimization criteria, are introduced and analyzed. Numerical results show how reduced- complexity algorithms can achieve a satisfactory performance.
Investigation of failure of a rigid retaining wall with relief shelves (2016)

Present study attempts to investigate the possible reasons behind the failure of a cantilever retaining wall with relief shelves, which is located in the heart of Hyderabad city, India. A pressure relief shelf is a finite width, thin horizontal cantilever platform extending into the backfill, which are constructed monolithic with the stem of the retaining wall. Number of such shelves is constructed at regular spacing along the height of the wall. From the limited theoretical studies, it is noted that the provision of relief shelves, extending beyond the rupture surface in the backfill, can considerably reduce the earth pressures on the retaining wall and subsequently increase the stability of the retaining structure. The height of the failed retaining wall ranges from 10 to 13.9 m and retains a loose to medium dense sandy soil backfill, and constructed with 5 relief shelves. After few years of construction, a portion of retaining wall of about 20 m length had collapsed and adjoining 20 m length had severely distressed, immediately after the end of a monsoon. The preliminary post-failure investigation revealed that quality of concrete used in construction was satisfactory, and the construction joints were intact. Cracks due to failure had propagated almost up to the full thickness of reinforced concrete wall. To get more insight about the causes of failure, numerical analysis of retaining wall with pressure relief shelves is carried out using widely used geotechnical numerical code, FLAC3D. From the preliminary analysis, it is noted that, though the lateral thrust on the retaining wall in the presence of relief shelves is reduced by 43-48%, use of inappropriate magnitude and distribution of lateral earth pressure in the design calculations might have attributed to the failure of the wall.
Photofragmentation of lens nuclei using the Er: YAG laser: preliminary report of an in vitro study. (1996)

The energy of the erbium: YAG laser (2.940-nm wave-length) can be used for minimally traumatic photoablation due to its high absorption at the tissue water and its consequently low penetration depth. Laser sclerostomy ab externo, an application of this principle, has undergone advanced clinical investigation. Another potential application is photofragmentation of the lens for cataract extraction. A laboratory model Er: YAG laser (flashlamp-pumped. 200-microseconds pulse length, 5-Hz repetition frequency) was coupled to a short low-OH quartz fiber (400 microns in diameter). The laser energy was applied by direct contact of the fiber tip to human lenses with very dense cataract. The lenses rested in a small cuvette filled with an aqueous-humor-analogous fluid. The fragmentablation rate was evaluated in relation to the number of pulses and the pulse energy. A laser-triggered flash-photography unit was engaged to visualize the ablation dynamics. We found tissue-ablation rates to range from 4 to 19 micrograms/pulse, depending on the nucleus density and ulse energy. The maximal size of the removed fragments was always below 500 microns. During ablation, rapidly increasing and collapsing cavitation bubbles were photographed at the distal tip of the application fiber. The impact radius of these cavitation effects markedly exceeded the pure penetration depth of laser radiation at a 2.9-microns wavelength. A clinical application of the method should be possible as judged by the results obtained for tissue-ablation rate and fragment size. Cavitation-bubble dynamics seems to be responsible for the high fragmentation efficiency. Special application probes have to be developed to optimize ablation and to prevent inadvertent destruction of the posterior lens capsule by cavitation effects.
Growth of SiC bulk crystals for application in power electronic devices – process design, 2D and 3D X‐ray in situ visualization and advanced doping (2014)

Silicon carbide single crystals have become widely used as substrates for power electronic devices like diodes and electronic switches. Today, 4 inch and 6 inch wafer diameters are commercially available which are processed from vapor grown crystals. The state of the art physical vapor transport method may be called mature. Nevertheless, low defect density and uniform doping are still topics which can be further improved by current research and development of more sophisticated processes and process control. The aim of the paper is to review the physical vapor transport growth method as applied today. Special emphasis will be put on currently less advanced in situ growth monitoring tools based on 2D and 3D X‐ray imaging that could be a tool for production monitoring. These techniques allow a precise determination of the crystal and source material evolution. Another topic will be the processing of highly conductive p‐type 4 H‐SiC which is of particular interest for power electronic switches.
Enhancement- and depletion-mode p-channel Ge<sub>x</sub>Si<sub>1-x</sub>modulation-doped FET's (1986)

We report enhancement- and depletion-mode p-channel modulation-doped field-effect transistors (FET's) in Si. Si/Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> heterostructures were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) with one-dimensional confinement of holes at the heterostructure interfaces. Transconductances of 2.5 and 3.2 mS/mm were measured at 300 K for enhancement- and depletion-mode devices, respectively, in good agreement with transistor modeling predictions for p-channel devices using measured material parameters.
Heterogeneity of the human transferrin receptor and use of anti‐transferrin receptor antibodies to detect tumours <i>in vivo</i> (1987)

The human transferrin receptor (TFR) which is present on dividing cells, many tumours and erythroid precursors is readily identified using specific monoclonal antibodies. A new anti-human TFR monoclonal antibody, HuLy-m9, is described and its distribution on cell lines, normal and tumour tissue was examined and compared with two other anti-TFR monoclonal antibodies, namely, OKT9 and 5E9. The three antibodies were shown to recognise different epitopes on the surface of the TFR and have different reactivities with in vitro cell lines. Peptide map analyses of the TFR recognised by each monoclonal antibody from the same cell line were identical; however, differences were observed between cell lines. 131I-radiolabelled HuLy-m9 was used to successfully localise a nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vivo.