gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Single Phase Induction Motor Voltage Controller with Improved Performance (1986)

Induction motors inherently operate with nearly constant airgap flux and therefore almost constant iron losses. When the load does not require full flux, conventional voltage controllers utilize thyristors in series with the motor to reduce airgap flux by decreasing the applied voltage. Thereby, iron losses decrease and the overall efficiency increases. However, thyristor voltage controllers tend to introduce harmonics into the current waveform which not only reduces motor efficiency but also causes harmonic pollution of the power lines. An improved voltage controller and control strategy for efficiency improvement of single phase induction motors is presented. In particular, thyristor voltage control by dynamic switching of the winding configuration is presented. Laboratory data for a voltage controller, thus enhanced, demonstrates a significant decrease in input motor current distortion and increase in efficiency below one-quarter load.
Dependence of Skin Ablation Depths on Er:YAG Laser Fluence (2014)

Triangulation and histological studies were made of skin ablation depths following skin treatments with a Fotona Dynamis Er:YAG laser system. The following laser handpieces were used in the study: Full beam handpieces R04 and R11; Stamping patterned handpieces PS01, PS02 and PS03; fractionated handpiece FS01 and c) Scanning fractional handpiece F22. The laser fluence (F) was found to be the major parameter that determines the ablation depth during Er:YAG skin treatments. Here, F=E/A, where E is the energy of the laser pulse, and A is the laser spot size area. Above the ablation threshold Fthr, the ablation depth (D) was found to grow approximately linearly with the fluence as D = K x (F- Fthr) where K ≈ 4 m.cm2/J. For the same fluence, ablation depths were within experimental error independent of pulse duration, pulse energy and spot size. With identical fluences, the ablation depths achieved with the full beam handpieces R04 and R11 were measured to be the same as those obtained with the patterned beam handpieces PS01, PS02 and PS03, and as well with the stamping fractionated handpiece FS01. This is due to the fact that the Fotona Dynamis patterned and stamping fractionated handpieces do not use any focusing optics to create smaller micro beams. Instead, the full beam is divided into smaller beams by a metal screen or diffractive optics. As a result, the fluence of each individual micro beam remains unchanged and is of the same top-hat spatial distribution of the full beam.
Mechanical and physical properties of protein‐starch based plastics produced by extrusion and injection molding (1999)

Abstract Processing conditions, ingredient ratio, and moisture content were optimized for making soy protein/starch based plastics using a twin‐screw extruder and an injection molding machine. A metering pump and a high speed mixer were used for ingredient mixing. The optimal processing temperature for injection molding was 130°C, and the moisture content of extruded pellets was 10–14%. Processing effects were investigated by measuring the tensile properties and water resistance of specimens. Reduction of water and glycerol in mixtures increased the barrel pressure of the extruder. Mold release was improved by incorporating 0.25 parts tallow per 100 parts of solid material (soy protein and starch). The water absorption of the specimens was reduced by adding acids to adjust the pH to the isoelectric point of soy proteins (pH 4.5). Effects of storage at different relative humidities were studied. The processibility of pellets was stable after a 4‐wk‐storage period, despite some moisture loss. Injection‐molded specimens, after being stored for up to 6 mon at dry conditions [50 and 11% relative humidity (RH)] at room temperature and for 4 wk in a 50°C oven, showed no surface crack. However, humid (93% RH) storage at room temperature promoted fungal growth after storage for 3 mon, indicating that preservatives such as potassium sorbate and propionic acid were needed.
Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise and Pilot Performance: Enhanced Functioning Under Search-and-Rescue Flying Conditions (2001)

Studies have shown that autonomous mode behavior is one cause of aircraft fatalities due to pilot error. In such cases, the pilot is in a high state of psychological and physiological arousal and tends to focus on one problem, while ignoring more critical information. This study examined the effect of training in physiological self-recognition and regulation, as a means of improving crew cockpit performance. Seventeen pilots were assigned to the treatment and control groups matched for accumulated flight hours. The treatment group contained 4 pilots from HC-130 Hercules aircraft and 4 HH-65 Dolphin helicopter pilots; the control group contained 3 pilots of HC-130s and 6 helicopter pilots. During an initial flight, physiological data were recorded on each crewmember and an instructor pilot rated individual crew performance. Eight crewmembers were then taught to regulate their own physiological response levels using Autogenic-Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE). The remaining participants received no training. During a second flight, treatment participants showed significant improvement in performance (rated by the same instructor pilot as in pretests) while controls did not improve. The results indicate that AFTE management of high states of physiological arousal may improve pilot performance during emergency flying conditions.
Characterization of the binding of [<sup>3</sup>H]‐CGS 19755: a novel N‐methyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐aspartate antagonist with nanomolar affinity in rat brain (1988)

1. CGS 19755 (cis-4-phosphonomethyl-2-piperidine carboxylic acid), a rigid analogue of 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5), is one of the most potent competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists described. Using Triton-treated crude synaptic membranes from rat brain, binding studies indicated that [3H]-CGS 19755 bound with high affinity and selectivity to the NMDA-type excitatory amino acid receptor. 2. [3H]-CGS 19755 binding was saturable, reversible, heat-labile, pH-dependent and linear with protein concentration. Specific binding represented 80-85% of the total amount bound. 3. Using a centrifugation assay, saturation experiments revealed two distinct binding components with Kd values of 9 and 200 nM, and corresponding Bmax values of 0.55 and 1.00 pmol mg-1 protein. In contrast, a single binding component with a Kd value of 24 nM and an apparent Bmax value of 0.74 pmol mg-1 protein was observed with a filtration assay. 4. Competition experiments in which both assay techniques were used, showed that [3H]-CGS 19755 selectively labels the NMDA receptor. The most active inhibitors of [3H]-CGS 19755 binding were L-glutamate and CGS 19755 (IC50 values = 100 nM). 5. In the centrifugation assay, a number of excitatory amino acids were found to generate shallow inhibition curves, and computer analysis indicated the presence of two binding components. The quisqualate receptor ligand AMPA (D,L-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate), kainic acid and the non-competitive NMDA antagonists, such as phencyclidine, tiletamine and MK-801, were without activity. 6. The high affinity binding obtained with [3H]-CGS 19755 by use of filtration techniques thus permits the more rapid evaluation of compounds as potential NMDA antagonists and agonists. Therefore, this rigid analogue of AP5 is a more suitable radioligand for NMDA receptors than [3H]-CPP (34-+/-)2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid), the corresponding analogue of 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP7).
Applications of interferometric measurements of surface topography of moving magnetic recording materials (1984)

A laser scanning interferometer is used to measure surface profiles and quality parameters of moving loops of magnetic tape and rotating diskettes. A spatial resolution of one micrometer and a vertical resolution of one nanometer are obtained. Reproducibility of RMS measurements of asperity height is also within one nanometer.
Neutrophil elastase and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in prelabor rupture of membranes, parturition and intra-amniotic infection (2002)

Preterm PROM, microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, and parturition at term and preterm are associated with a significant increase in the amniotic fluid concentration of NE. PROM is associated with a reduced amniotic fluid concentration of SLPI.
Exogastric leiomyomata (1972)

Summary Two cases of exogastric leiomyoma are described indicating the difficulty in diagnosis of these tumours, and illustrating the success of total excision of the tumour in such cases.
The bituminous material in Arctic peat: implications for analyses of petroleum contamination (1996)

The concentration of a contaminant in soil may be quantified by one of many laboratory procedures. In the organic soils of Arctic Alaska, however, procedures intended to quantify a contaminant cannot always differentiate between organic molecules derived from the contamination and molecules derived from the natural organic material (NOM). Research was conducted to assess the impact of NOM on standard methods for quantifying the concentration of crude oil in organic soil. The fraction of organic material extractable in various solvents used for petroleum extraction was quantified, and ranged between 0.5 and 10% of soil NOM. Gravimetric, infrared spectroscopic and GC/MS methods were considered in terms of their ability to differentiate and separate petroleum compounds from NOM. Gravimetric and spectroscopic methods were neither able to separate nor differentiate between compounds from petroleum and NOM. Using GC/MS, compounds from NOM could be differentiated, but not separated from compounds derived from crude oil. Extractable compounds from NOM were identified as n-alkanes (C19C31), alcohols, aldehydes and ketones.
The competence transcription factor of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> recognizes short A/T-rich sequences arranged in a unique, flexible pattern along the DNA helix (1998)

The development of genetic competence in Bacillus subtilis is regulated by a complex signal transduction cascade, which leads to the synthesis of the competence transcription factor (CTF). Previous studies suggested that CTF is encoded by comK. ComK is required for the transcription of comK itself, as well as of the late competence genes encoding the DNA uptake machinery and of genes required for homologous recombination. Here, we used purified ComK to study its role in transcription and to determine the DNA recognition sequence for ComK. In vitro transcription from the comG promoter, which depends on ComK in vivo, was observed on the addition of purified ComK together with Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase, proving that ComK is CTF. To determine the DNA sequences involved in ComK recognition, footprinting analysis was performed with promoter fragments of the CTF-dependent genes: comC, comE, comF, comG, comK, and addAB. The ComK binding sites determined by DNase I protection experiments were unusually long, with average lengths of approximately 65 bp, and displayed only weak sequence similarities. Hydroxy-radical footprinting, performed with the addAB promoter, revealed a unique arrangement of four short A/T-rich sequences. Gel retardation experiments indicated that four molecules of ComK bound the addAB promoter and the dyad symmetrical arrangement of the four A/T-rich sequences implied that ComK functions as a tetramer composed of two dimers each recognizing the motif AAAAN5TTTT. Comparable A/T-rich sequences were identified in all six DNase I footprints and could be used to predict ComK targets in the B. subtilis genome. On the basis of the variability in distance between the ComK-dimer binding sites, ComK-regulated promoters could be divided into three classes, demonstrating a remarkable flexibility in the binding of ComK. The pattern of hydroxy-radical protections suggested that ComK binds at one face of the DNA helix through the minor groove. This inference was strengthened by the observation that minor groove binding drugs inhibited the binding of ComK.
Reflectance and transmittance model for recto-verso halftone prints (2006)

We propose a spectral prediction model for predicting the reflectance and transmittance of recto-verso halftone prints. A recto-verso halftone print is modeled as a diffusing substrate surrounded by two inked interfaces in contact with air (or with another medium). The interaction of light with the print comprises three components: (a) the attenuation of the incident light penetrating the print across the inked interface, (b) the internal reflectance and internal transmittance that accounts for the substrate's intrinsic reflectance and transmittance and for the multiple Fresnel internal reflections at the inked interfaces, and (c) the attenuation of light exiting the print across the inked interfaces. Both the classical Williams-Clapper and Clapper-Yule spectral prediction models are special cases of the proposed recto-verso reflectance and transmittance model. We also extend the Kubelka-Munk model to predict the reflectance and transmittance of recto-verso halftone prints. The extended Kubelka-Munk model is compatible with the proposed recto-verso reflectance and transmittance model. In the case of a homogeneous substrate, the recto-verso model's internal reflectance and transmittance can be expressed as a function Kubelka-Munk's scattering and absorption parameters, or the Kubelka-Munk's scattering and absorption parameters can be inferred from the recto-verso model's internal reflectance and transmittance, deduced from spectral measurements. The proposed model offers new perspectives both for spectral transmission and reflection predictions and for characterizing the properties of printed diffuse substrates.
Familial juvenile polyposis: patterns of recurrence and implications for surgical management. (1995)

Despite the preponderance of right-sided polyps at initial diagnosis, the rapid recurrence of polyps after subtotal colectomy argues in favor of performing proctocolectomy with preservation of anal sphincter function (restorative proctocolectomy) at the time of initial surgery. Patients with a small number of polyps may choose instead to undergo periodic colonoscopy with colonoscopic polypectomy. An algorithm for surveillance and follow-up is proposed.
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES USING RADAR IMAGING TECHNIQUES (2015)

The goal of this project was to examine the critical issues related to the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) in the inspection of concrete bridge deck roadways. The research included: (1) the state of the assessment of GPR inspection of concrete roadways; (2) numerical modeling of GPR interactions with concrete; (3) laboratory tests of GPR interactions and inspection of concrete in 0.5 to 6 GHz range; (4) field tests of GPR inspection of concrete including the use of a handheld system; and (5) recommended specifications for a field test system.
Astrocytes and neurosteroids: metabolism of pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone. Regulation by cell density. (1993)

The rat central nervous system (CNS) has previously been shown to synthesize pregnenolone (PREG) and convert it to progesterone (PROG) and 7 alpha-hydroxy-PREG (7 alpha-OH PREG). Astrocytes, which participate to the regulation of the CNS function, might be involved in the metabolism of neurosteroids. Purified type 1 astrocytes were obtained from fetal rat forebrain with the use of selective culture conditions and were identified by immunostaining with specific antibodies (GFAP+, A2B5-). They were plated at low, intermediate, or high densities (2.5-5 x 10(5), 1-2 x 10(6), or 4-8 x 10(6) cells/dish, respectively) and maintained for 21 d. They were then incubated with 14C-PREG and 14C-DHEA for 24 h and the steroids extracted from cells and media were analyzed. Most radioactive derivatives were released into incubation media. Two metabolic pathways were mainly observed. PREG and DHEA were oxidized to PROG and androstenedione (ADIONE), respectively, [3 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase, delta 5-->4 3-ketosteroid-isomerase (3 beta-HSD) activity], and converted to 7 alpha-OH PREG and 7 alpha-OH DHEA, respectively (7 alpha-hydroxylase activity). After low density plating, the formation of PROG and ADIONE was approximately 10% of incubated radioactivity, tenfold larger than that of 7 alpha-hydroxylated metabolites. In contrast, after high density plating, low levels of PROG and ADIONE were formed, whereas the conversion to either 7 alpha-OH PREG or 7 alpha-OH DHEA was > or = 50%. The results expressed per cell indicated that the 3 beta-HSD activity was almost completely inhibited at high cell density, in contrast to the 7 alpha-hydroxylation which was maintained or increased. The pattern of steroid metabolism was related to cell density at the time of measurement and not to an early commitment of cells: when primary cultures were plated at high density (8 x 10(6) cells/dish), then subcultured after several dilutions (3-, 9-, or 27-fold), the 3 beta-HSD activity was recovered only at low density. Furthermore, when 5 x 10(5) cells were centrifuged and the resulting clusters were plated, 3 beta-HSD activity was decreased, whereas steroid 7 alpha-hydroxylation was enhanced. This implies that cell density per se, but neither cell number nor a diffusible factor(s) is involved in the regulation of steroid metabolism. We conclude that astrocytes in culture metabolize PREG and DHEA, and that the metabolic conversions and, therefore, the related enzymatic activities depend on cell-to-cell contacts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. (1988)

The AIDS epidemic continues. All health-care workers, including physicians and dental personnel, may be instrumental in recognizing risk factors associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Oral signs and symptoms of HIV infection may be the first presentation of the disease or may develop during the course of the disease and require management. Knowledge of the signs, symptoms and associated infections and tumours is needed to assist in recognition, diagnosis, and treatment.
Development and evaluation of a non-peptidic ligand for the molecular imaging of inflammatory processes using S100A9 (MRP14) as a novel target (2015)

The establishment of novel molecular imaging tools to monitor the local activity of inflammation remains an interdisciplinary challenge. Our target, the alarmin S100A9, one subunit of the heterodimer S100A8/S100A9 (calprotectin), is locally secreted in high concentrations from immigrated and activated phagocytes at local sites of inflammation. Calprotectin is already a well established serum biomarker for many inflammatory disorders. Here we show the development and first evaluation of the novel S100A9 specific molecular imaging probe for optical imaging of local inflammatory activity in vivo.
Copy Number Variation Analysis in Familial BRCA1/2-Negative Finnish Breast and Ovarian Cancer (2013)

This study reveals new information regarding the germline CNVs that likely contribute to HBOC susceptibility in Finland. This information may be used to facilitate the genetic counselling of HBOC individuals but the preliminary results warrant additional studies of a larger study group.
Neuroprotection after Several Days of Mild, Drug-Induced Hypothermia (1996)

Stroke trials are initiated after demonstrated pharmacological protection in animal models. NBQX protects CA 1 neurons against global ischemia; however, this glutamate antagonist induces a period of subnormal temperature (e.g., a decrease of only 1.0–1.5°C) lasting several days. In this study, NBQX (3 × 30 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered starting 60 min after reperfusion, and brain temperature had declined significantly below vehicle-treated animals by 2 h after reperfusion. When the postischemic brain temperature of NBQX-treated gerbils was regulated, no neuronal protection was found. Mimicking an NBQX-induced temperature profile for 28 h postischemia yielded histological protection 4 days later comparable to that of NBQX. However, both the NBQX and temperature simulation groups showed decreased protection after 10-day survival. Our data suggest that a protracted period of subnormal temperature during the postischemic period can obscure the interpretation of preclinical drug studies.
Faults in Gas Turbine (2000)

A problem of interest to aircraft engine maintainers is the automatic detection, classification, and prediction (or prognosis) of potential critical component failures in gas turbine engines. Automatic monitoring offers the promise of substantially reducing the cost of repair and replacement of defective parts, and may even result in saving lives. Current processing for prognostic health monitoring (PHM) uses relatively simple metrics or features and rules to measure and characterize changes in sensor data. An alternative solution is to use neural nets coupled with appropriate feature extractors. Neural nets have been shown to give superior statistical performance when compared to more traditional techniques, and some net architectures are capable of detection (identifying an event as dissimilar to any previously observed). On the negative side, neural nets used to model and predict engine status necessarily will be complicated and will contain many black box components that do not offer insight into the why the net came up with the results that it did. There is currently a wide variety of data mining (or rule extraction) tools commercially available. All of these tools come up with readily-understood rules by performing an exhaustive search on training data. However, in most cases the simple rule derived does not have the statistical performance realized with the neural models. Rule extraction tools are also incapable of novelty detection. We have developed techniques that couple neural nets with automated rule extractors to form systems that have: Good statistical performance 0
The Roles of Endoscope in Aneurysmal Surgery (2015)

The neuroendoscope, with its higher magnification, better observation, and additional illumination, can provide us information that may not be available with the microscope in aneurysm surgery. Furthermore, recent advancement of the holding systems for the endoscope allows surgeons to perform microsurgical manipulation using both hands under the simultaneous endoscopic and microscopic monitoring. With this procedure, surgeons can inspect hidden structures, dissect perforators at the back of the aneurysm, identify important vessel segments without retraction of the aneurysm or arteries, and check for completion of clipping. In addition, we have recently applied endoscopic indocyanine green video angiography to aneurysm surgery. This newly developed technique can offer real-time assessment of the blood flow of vasculatures in the dead angles of the microscope, and will reduce operative morbidity related to vascular occlusion, improve the durability of aneurysm surgery by reducing incomplete clipping, and thus promote the outcome of aneurysm surgery.
Fiber PMD analysis for optical-fiber cable using polarization OTDR (1995)

Polarization optical time-domain reflectometry (POTDR) has recently gained interest1,2 because of its capacity for measuring the local birefringence characteristics all along the length of a single-mode fiber.
Bovine virus diarrhea--clinical syndromes in dairy herds. (1987)

Bovine Virus Diarrhea (BVDV) was diagnosed as the major etiological agent in 10 dairy herd disease outbreaks. The outbreaks varied between herds in time of onset in individual cattle, signs, morbidity, and clinical course. A definitive diagnosis was obtained by viral isolation from whole blood samples in each herd. Each herd problem and its clinical course was described in detail. A discussion of current knowledge pertaining to BVD--the disease and the virus--follows. The importance of strain variation relative to disease production and prophylaxis was highlighted.