gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preconditioning Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulations Using Coarse-Scale Models (2006)

We study the preconditioning of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods using coarse-scale models with applications to subsurface characterization. The purpose of preconditioning is to reduce the fine-scale computational cost and increase the acceptance rate in the MCMC sampling. This goal is achieved by generating Markov chains based on two-stage computations. In the first stage, a new proposal is first tested by the coarse-scale model based on multiscale finite volume methods. The full fine-scale computation will be conducted only if the proposal passes the coarse-scale screening. For more efficient simulations, an approximation of the full fine-scale computation using precomputed multiscale basis functions can also be used. Comparing with the regular MCMC method, the preconditioned MCMC method generates a modified Markov chain by incorporating the coarse-scale information of the problem. The conditions under which the modified Markov chain will converge to the correct posterior distribution are stated in the paper. The validity of these assumptions for our application and the conditions which would guarantee a high acceptance rate are also discussed. We would like to note that coarse-scale models used in the simulations need to be inexpensive but not necessarily very accurate, as our analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate. We present numerical examples for sampling permeability fields using two-point geostatistics. The Karhunen--Loève expansion is used to represent the realizations of the permeability field conditioned to the dynamic data, such as production data, as well as some static data. Our numerical examples show that the acceptance rate can be increased by more than 10 times if MCMC simulations are preconditioned using coarse-scale models.
Synthesis of captopril starting from an optically active .BETA.-hydroxy acid. (1982)

A synthesis of N-(3-mercapto-2-D-methylpropanoyl)-L-proline (1, Captopril) is described in which the key intermediate, optically active 3-chloro-2-D-methylpropanoyl chloride (3b), was prepared by treating microbiologically derived optically active 3-hydroxy-2-D-methylpropanoic acid (2) with thionyl chloride. The compound 3b was coupled with L-proline to afford the chloride (4) which was directly converted into Captopril by reaction with hydrosulfide or trithiocarbonate ion in hot water with retention of the stereochemistry. The preparation of another useful intermediate, 3-acetylthio-2-D-methylpropanoic acid (9a), is also described.
Beam test of the acceleration system with the DDS in HIMAC synchrotron (2002)

We have examined the acceleration efficiency as a function of B-clock step size from 0.1 to 2.0 Gauss/pulse at the HIMAC synchrotron. The result showed good acceleration efficiency with 0.2 Gauss/pulse, even if we haven't used feedback. The larger width case shows significant loss, suggesting a limitation due to stepwise change of acceleration frequency.
SemTagP: Semantic Community Detection in Folksonomies (2011)

Building on top of our results on semantic social network analysis, we present a community detection algorithm, SemTagP, that takes benefits of the semantic data that were captured while structuring the RDF graphs of social networks. SemTagP not only offers to detect but also to label communities by exploiting (in addition to the structure of the social graph) the tags used by people during the social tagging process as well as the semantic relations inferred between tags. Doing so, we are able to refine the partitioning of the social graph with semantic processing and to label the activity of detected communities. We tested and evaluated this algorithm on the social network built from Ph.D. theses funded by ADEME, the French Environment and Energy Management Agency. We showed how this approach allows us to detect and label communities of interest and control the precision of the labels.
New fluorinated thermoplastic elastomers (1996)

New fluorinated thermoplastic elastomers (FTE) with perfluoropolyether (PFPE) blocks have been synthesized by reacting a fluorinated macrodiol with aromatic diisocyanates in the presence of a solvent, followed by subsequent chain extension with low molecular weight aliphatic or aromatic diols. Tensile properties measurements and dynamical-mechanical analysis (DMA) have been carried out and the relationship between chemical structure and final properties has been determined. These new thermoplastic fluorinated polyurethanes show an elastomeric behavior over a wide temperature range (between −75 and 100°C), thanks to their multiphase morphology consisting of a continuous fluorinated phase with a very low Tg (−120°C) and a dispersed high melting hydrogenated hard phase, as verified by a calorimetric and dynamic-mechanical analysis. At the same time, some of the outstanding properties of fluorinated oligomers, such as chemical inertness and low surface tension, are retained in the final polymers. Thanks to these characteristics this new class of polymeric materials provides new opportunities for the application of thermoprocessable elastomers in advanced technological fields. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Studies on anticoccidial agents. 10. Synthesis and anticoccidial activity of 5-nitronicotinamide and its analogs (1977)

5-Nitronicotinamide (1) was prepared from 5-bromonicotinoyl chloride by treatment with ammonia and then oxidation with fuming H2SO4 and 30% H202. 2-Cholor-, 2-alkoxy-2-benzyloxy,2-phenoxy-,2-alkylamino-, and 2-benzylamino-5-nitronicatinamides were also prepared via 2-chloro-3-cyano-5-nitropyridine. 2-Methyl-5-nitronicotinamide (2) was obtained from ethyl 2-methyl-5-nitronicotinate by treatment with ammonia; the 4-methyl analogue 3 was from 3-cyano-2,6-dihydroxy-4 methylpyridine by nitration, chlorination, and dechlorination, and the 6-methyl analogue 4 was prepared by transforming 2-chloro-3-cyano-6-methyl-5-nitropyridine to the corresponding amide, followed by dechlorination. Of these compounds, the 5-nitronicotinamide, the 2-methyl and 4-methyl but not the 6-methyl, analogue showed significant anticoccidial activity against eimeria tenella. N-Substituted analogues of 5-nitronicotinamide and 2-methyl-5-nitronicotinamide were prepared in a conventional manner and optimal anticoccidial activity was attained with their lower N-alkyl analogues, N-alkanoyl and -alkenoyl analogues, and N-aromatic acyl analogues together with these parent compounds.
Plasma albumin is a potent trigger of calcium signals and DNA synthesis in astrocytes. (1995)

Cells in the central nervous system are normally prevented from coming into contact with albumin and other protein components of blood by the existence of a tight blood-brain barrier. Astrocytes and other glial cells proliferate to form glial scars when the blood-brain barrier is breached. In this report we show that albumin is an important blood component responsible for inducing astrocyte proliferation. Albumin also generates maintained trains of calcium spikes in astrocytes. Neither activity depends on blood coagulation, as albumins from both serum and plasma are approximately equally effective. Methanol extraction of albumin abolishes both actions, and recombination of the methanol-extracted factor with extracted albumin restores full activity indistinguishable from that of native albumin. The factor is sensitive to lipase, and the solvent extraction profile is that of a polar lipid.
Reduction of Gaussian, Supergaussian, and Impulsive Noise by Interpolation of the Binary Mask Residual (2015)

In this paper, we present a new approach for noise reduction. A binary time-frequency (T-F) masking threshold criterion is proposed and analyzed with respect to the average spectra of music and noise disturbances. Modified autoregressive (AR) detection and AR interpolation are then applied to the residual signal of the binary masking process. The proposed method is able to reduce supergaussian and impulsive noise while ensuring preservation of the desired signal, which is crucial for professional high-quality audio restoration, and it is also suitable for Gaussian noise to a certain extent. The approach is compared to a state-of-the-art restoration algorithm by means of the objective measures signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and perceptual quality, and by subjective listening tests. The objective results as well as the listening tests show that the proposed algorithm is especially suited for supergaussian, grainy-sounding noise types, e.g., optical soundtrack noise of celluloid movie footage, or rain noise.
Networking gets personal (2002)

The Bluetooth wireless communication standard is much more than a convenient replacement for cables. With their capacity for autonomous interaction and rich functionality, Bluetooth devices will end the hassle in our gadget-laden lives. World-wide operation is supported by the use of the globally available unlicensed Industrial-Scientific-Medical (ISM) band (2-4 GHz), which Bluetooth shares with the 802.11b wireless LAN standard, or WiFi, and some tens of millions of microwave ovens. Interference risks are minimised by the use of a frequency-hopping spread-spectrum transmission scheme.
A pH- and ionic strength-responsive polypeptide hydrogel: Synthesis, characterization, and preliminary protein release studies (1999)

A novel polypeptide hydrogel has been synthesized by crosslinking poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLG) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The PLG-PEG hydrogel was shown to be highly hydrophilic, and the extent of swelling varied with pH, increasing at higher ionization of the PLG. Aside from electrostatic effects, such as ion-ion repulsion and internal ion osmotic pressure, circular dichroism studies showed that swelling response to pH also is affected by secondary structural attributes associated with the polypeptide backbone. Modification of the polypeptide by changing its hydrophobicity and degree of ionization was an effective method for altering the overall extent of pH-responsive swelling. Rapid de-swelling (contraction) was observed when the PLG-PEG hydrogel was transferred from high to low pH buffer solution, and this swelling/de-swelling behavior was reversible over repeated cycles. Drug release from swollen hydrogels was examined using the model protein lysozyme. Rapid de-swelling of the hydrogel was found to be an effective means of facilitating lysozyme release. The crosslinking of synthetic polypeptides with PEG appears to be a highly versatile approach to the preparation of pH-responsive biodegradable hydrogels.
Indirect Electrostatic Discharge Stressing Mechanism in VLSI Chips with Multiple Power Supply Domains (2006)

Abstract Indirect electrostatic discharge stressing of a chip with multiple isolated power domains was analyzed. The stress penetrates to the victim domain via common nets having nonnegligible complex impedance and via coupling of the interdomain parasitic capacitors and in some cases may cause chip damage.
Google image swirl (2012)

Web image retrieval systems, such as Google or Bing image search, present search results as a relevance-ordered list. Although alternative browsing models (e.g. results as clusters or hierarchies) have been proposed in the past, it remains to be seen whether such models can be applied to large-scale image search. This work presents Google Image Swirl, a large-scale, publicly available, hierarchical image browsing system by automatically group the search results based on visual and semantic similarity. This paper describes methods used to build such system and shares the findings from 2-years worth of user feedback and usage statistics.
S-Allyl L-Cysteine Protects the Retina Against Kainate Excitotoxicity in the Rat (2014)

Excitotoxicity has been proposed to play a pivotal role in retinal ischemia. Retinal ischemia-associated ocular disorders are vision threatening. The aim was to also examine whether and how S-allyl L-cysteine (SAC) can protect the retina against kainate excitotoxicity. In vivo retinal excitotoxicity was induced by an intravitreous injection of 100 μM kainate into a Wistar rat eye for 1 day. The management and mechanisms involved in the processes were evaluated by electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and various biochemical approaches. In the present study, the cultured retinal cells were shown to possess kainate receptors. The defined retinal excitotoxic changes were characterized by a decrease in electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave amplitudes, a loss of the fluorogold retrograde labeled retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), an increase in the apoptotic cells in the RGC layer, and an increase in vimentin or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity, a marker for Müller cells. An up-regulation in the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMPs-9) was also detected in the retina subjected to kainate excitoxicity. Importantly, the excitotoxicity-induced alterations were significantly blunted when 100 μM SAC and/or the kainate receptor antagonist CNQX was applied. Conclusively, SAC would seem to protect the retina against kainate excitotoxicity via an inhibition of the up-regulation of iNOS and MMP-9 as well as a modulation of glial activation and apoptosis.
QUARTERLY BOOK-LIST (1942)

QUARTERLY BOOK-LIST Get access EDWARD N. WATERS EDWARD N. WATERS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Musical Quarterly, Volume XXVIII, Issue 2, April 1942, Pages 258–262, https://doi.org/10.1093/mq/XXVIII.2.258 Published: 01 April 1942
TMC and EVER genes belong to a larger novel family, the TMC gene family encoding transmembrane proteins (2003)

The eight vertebrate TMC genes are evolutionary conserved and encode proteins that form three subfamilies. Invertebrate TMC proteins can also be categorized into these three subfamilies. All TMC genes encode transmembrane proteins with intracellular amino- and carboxyl-termini and at least eight membrane-spanning domains. We speculate that the TMC proteins constitute a novel group of ion channels, transporters, or modifiers of such.
In-Situ Polymerisation of an Inflatable Composite Sleeve to Reline Damaged Tubing and Shut-Off Perforation (1996)

Abstract Finding an effective solution to seal-off perforations. whether it be to reduce gas flow, reduce water cut. or to modify injection profiles. has long been a subject of concern. Several solutions for through tubing shut-off have been tried with a varying level of success After 3 years of testing a new technology has been developed to manufacture a composite sleeve using elastomers. fibres and thermo-setting resins. The sleeve is run-in on electric wireline, inflated to push the composite against the inside of the casing, then heated to polymerise the resins. The running equipment is extracted to leave a pressure resistant inner lining in place. There is little diameter loss, leaning access to the well below, and opening up applications for tubing repair. Following successful field trials commercial operations have begun. Introduction Composite material are generally composed of reinforced fibres such as glass, carbon or steel bedded in a matrix. The fibres generally provide the majority of the strength and the matrix serves to maintain them in place and to transfer the stresses to them. The matrices used may be soft or rigid :flexible matrices can be used for deformable products When this is the case, the matrix is mainly an elastomer. It has almost nothing to do with the mechanical strength, but acts solely as a binder for the fibres (protection, seal), Among other applications, some examples are various types of seals, car tires, membranes, etc.Rigid matrices form products that are not deformable and provide a degree of strength to the composite material. especially in the crosswise direction of the fibres. Fibreglass boats, fibreglass easing, are common examples. Very generally. a product is used either in a flexible and hence deformable state or else in a rigid and hence unreformable state. Using the deformability properties of a composite material with a thermo setting matrix in its unpolymerised state, while preserving its great mechanical properties obtained after polymerisation has several advantages. The crosslinking of the resin occurs directly at the place where the end product will be used. and not dring manufacturing as it is usually the ease. This means the composite can be shaped to the desired form in the wel1.and opens up a multitude of potential applications. For example composite easing can be manufactured in lengths of up to 1,000 meters and enable mono-diameter well to be designed with considerable savings. The first available application of this technology is the Patch-Flex, designed for remedial applications. A short composite tube manufactured with thermosetting resins is run on electric wireline opposite the zone to be treated. It is inflated and polymerised to leave a self supporting cylindrical lining3 (Fig. 1). Operating Principles Product and Equipment. Run and set in electric wireline (Fig. 1 and 2) The Patch-Flex itself is composed of two principle parts (Fig. 3).
Problematic Drinking among College Athletes (2009)

Martens, O’Connor, & Beck (2006) reported problematic drinking on college campuses to be a considerable concern and that athletes have more binge drinking episodes and alcohol-related problems than non-athlete students. Wechsler, Davenport, Dowdall, Grossman, & Zanakos (1997) reported that athletes in NCAA Division I have the most alcohol related issues as evidenced by 29% of male and 24% of female athletes reported binge drinking three or more times in a two week period. To address this concern, this study incorporated a 12-month, NCAA (2008) Choices alcohol responsibility program at a NCAA II university which involved peer mentoring, education, and alcohol-free activities. The results indicated a significant decline in binge drinking and associated problems among athletes after treatment.
Adaptive Immunity in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Phenotype and Functional Alterations of T-Cells before and during Infliximab Therapy (2011)

Our aim was to assess the phenotype of T-cell subsets in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease. In addition, we also tested short-term T-cell activation characteristics. Measurements were done in 13 AS patients before and during the intravenous therapy with anti-TNF agent infliximab (IFX). Flow cytometry was used to determine T-cell subsets in peripheral blood and their intracellular signaling during activation. The prevalence of Th2 and Th17 cells responsible for the regulation of adaptive immunity was higher in AS than in 9 healthy controls. Although IFX therapy improved patients' condition, immune phenotype did not normalize. Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial calcium responses of CD4+ and CD8+ cells to a specific activation were delayed, while NO generation was increased in AS. NO generation normalized sooner upon IFX than calcium response. These results suggest an abnormal immune phenotype with functional disturbances of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in AS.
Ethanolamine Soaps (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEthanolamine SoapsRalf B. TruslerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1929, 21, 7, 685–687Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50235a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50235a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Permutation-Based Multi-Polynomial Scheme for Pairwise Key Establishment in Sensor Networks (2010)

The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are normally operated in unattended, harsh, or hostile environment. Some strategies have been proposed to establish pairwise keys to protect the sensitive data and the sensor readings, but most existing schemes either suffer the large-scale node capture attacks, or cannot provide full and direct key establishment. In this paper, we present a permutation-based multi-polynomial scheme for pairwise key establishment in wireless sensor networks. This scheme is highly robust to the large-scale node capture attacks. Even after a large number of nodes have been compromised, the pairwise keys shared by non-compromised nodes remain secure. It also guarantees that any two nodes can directly establish a pairwise key without exposing any secret to other nodes. This full and direct key establishment features enable our scheme every adaptive to support node addition and mobility, which are particularly beneficial to the real-world applications. Our performance analysis also shows that the proposed scheme incurs low communication, storage, and computation overhead.
POSTERIOR KEYHOLE CORPECTOMY WITH PERCUTANEOUS PEDICLE SCREW STABILIZATION IN THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF LUMBAR BURST FRACTURES (2007)

The advantages of this method include sparing the posterior elements (lamina, spinous process, supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, and paravertebral muscles), safety of the decompression provided by the use of a surgical microscope, and perfect illumination of the operating field. The drawbacks of the method include limitation to certain types of burst fractures, the method is surgically demanding, and the method requires development of a special retractor system to eliminate the cumbersome alternate insertion and the reinsertions of the typical microdiscectomy retractor set.
Covalent Binding of Nanoliposomes to the Surface of Magnetotactic Bacteria for the Synthesis of Self-Propelled Therapeutic Agents (2014)

The targeted and effective delivery of therapeutic agents remains an unmet goal in the field of controlled release systems. Magnetococcus marinus MC-1 magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are investigated as potential therapeutic carriers. By combining directional magnetotaxis-microaerophilic control of these self-propelled agents, a larger amount of therapeutics can be delivered surpassing the diffusion limits of large drug molecules toward hard-to-treat hypoxic regions in solid tumors. The potential benefits of these carriers emphasize the need to develop an adequate method to attach therapeutic cargos, such as drug-loaded nanoliposomes, without substantially affecting the cell's ability to act as delivery agents. In this study, we report on a strategy for the attachment of liposomes to MTB (MTB-LP) through carbodiimide chemistry. The attachment efficacy, motility, and magnetic response of the MTB-LP were investigated. Results confirm that a substantial number of nanoliposomes (∼70) are efficiently linked with MTB without compromising functionality and motility. Cytotoxicity assays using three different cell types (J774, NIH/3T3, and Colo205) reveal that liposomal attachments to MTB formulation improve the biocompatibility of MTB, whereas attachment does not interfere with liposomal uptake.