gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Promotion of Attack on Glass and Silica by Citrate and Other Anions in Neutral Solution (1959)

The observation that essentially neutral solutions of sodium citrate attacked sulfur‐treated soda‐lime glass bottles of generally high chemical resistance much more than was anticipated led to a general investigation. It has been found that neutral solutions of sodium citrate attack silicate glasses and silica with a severity similar to that of substantially alkaline solutions. This effect was observed for both soda‐lime and borosilicate glasses and also for vitreous, crystalline, and amorphous forms of silica. The effect of citrate becomes perceptible at a pH of about 5 and increases rapidly with pH up to 7.6. Solutions of higher pH were not studied. Solutions of certain other complex‐forming anions show the effect on sulfur‐treated soda‐lime glass containers in varying lesser degrees. Although the active anions studied are complexing agents for alkaline earths and aluminum, it was observed that citrate had more action on a fused silica container than on containers made of certain glasses containing calcium and aluminum. Therefore a digestive action on silica and the Si–O–Si structure of glasses is to be recognized. Fluoride, the only anion tested that forms previously known complexes with silicon, had slightly less action on sulfur‐treated bottles than citrate. The results suggest that soluble silicon complexes are formed at pH values in the region of 7 by citrate and some of the other organic anions studied.
A Review of Network Traffic Analysis and Prediction Techniques (2015)

Analysis and prediction of network traffic has applications in wide comprehensive set of areas and has newly attracted significant number of studies. Different kinds of experiments are conducted and summarized to identify various problems in existing computer network applications. Network traffic analysis and prediction is a proactive approach to ensure secure, reliable and qualitative network communication. Various techniques are proposed and experimented for analyzing network traffic including neural network based techniques to data mining techniques. Similarly, various Linear and non-linear models are proposed for network traffic prediction. Several interesting combinations of network analysis and prediction techniques are implemented to attain efficient and effective results. This paper presents a survey on various such network analysis and traffic prediction techniques. The uniqueness and rules of previous studies are investigated. Moreover, various accomplished areas of analysis and prediction of network traffic have been summed.
Myeloid PTEN Promotes Inflammation but Impairs Bactericidal Activities during Murine Pneumococcal Pneumonia (2010)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase has been described as an essential signaling component involved in the chemotactic cell influx that is required to eliminate pathogens. At the same time, PI3K was reported to modulate the immune response, thus limiting the magnitude of acute inflammation. The precise role of the PI3K pathway and its endogenous antagonist phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) during clinically relevant bacterial infections is still poorly understood. Utilizing mice lacking myeloid cell-specific PTEN, we studied the impact of PTEN on the immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Survival analysis disclosed that PTEN-deficient mice displayed less severe signs of disease and prolonged survival. The inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae was greatly reduced in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Unexpectedly, neutrophil influx to the lungs was significantly impaired in animals lacking myeloid-cell PTEN, whereas the additional observation of improved phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages lacking PTEN ultimately resulted in unaltered lung CFUs following bacterial infection. Together, the absence of myeloid cell-associated PTEN and consecutively enhanced PI3K activity dampened pulmonary inflammation, reduced neutrophil influx, and augmented phagocytic properties of macrophages, which ultimately resulted in decreased tissue injury and improved survival during murine pneumococcal pneumonia.
Regulation and Isoform Function of the V-ATPases (2010)

The vacuolar (H(+))-ATPases are ATP-dependent proton pumps that acidify intracellular compartments and, in some cases, transport protons across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Intracellular V-ATPases play an important role in normal physiological processes such as receptor-mediated endocytosis, intracellular membrane trafficking, pro-hormone processing, protein degradation, and the coupled uptake of small molecules, such as neurotransmitters. They also function in the entry of various pathogenic agents, including many envelope viruses, like influenza virus, and toxins, like anthrax toxin. Plasma membrane V-ATPases function in renal pH homeostasis, bone resorption and sperm maturation, and various disease processes, including renal tubular acidosis, osteopetrosis, and tumor metastasis. V-ATPases are composed of a peripheral V(1) domain containing eight different subunits that is responsible for ATP hydrolysis and an integral V(0) domain containing six different subunits that translocates protons. In mammalian cells, most of the V-ATPase subunits exist in multiple isoforms which are often expressed in a tissue specific manner. Isoforms of one of the V(0) subunits (subunit a) have been shown to possess information that targets the V-ATPase to distinct cellular destinations. Mutations in isoforms of subunit a lead to the human diseases osteopetrosis and renal tubular acidosis. A number of mechanisms are employed to regulate V-ATPase activity in vivo, including reversible dissociation of the V(1) and V(0) domains, control of the tightness of coupling of proton transport and ATP hydrolysis, and selective targeting of V-ATPases to distinct cellular membranes. Isoforms of subunit a are involved in regulation both via the control of coupling and via selective targeting. This review will begin with a brief introduction to the function, structure, and mechanism of the V-ATPases followed by a discussion of the role of V-ATPase subunit isoforms and the mechanisms involved in regulation of V-ATPase activity.
Ultra-miniaturized and surface-mountable glass-based 3D IPAC packages for RF modules (2013)

This paper demonstrates ultra-miniaturized RF passive components integrated on thin glass substrate with small Through Package Vias (TPVs) to realize 3D Integrated Passive and Actives Component (IPAC) concept. Miniaturization is achieved through; a) ultra-thin glass, b) low-loss thin dielectrics and c) small TPVs. Inductors, capacitors and low pass filters functioning in the frequency range of 0.8 GHz to 5.4 GHz were modeled and fabricated between thin dielectric layers on 100 μm thin glass, and then assembled on PCB through BGA interconnections. The simulated results corroborated well with measured results, providing guidelines for RF module fabrication.
CLUCGS and CLUCR - two matrix solution methods for general circuit simulation (2002)

Direct methods and iterative methods have been used in most analog circuit analysis tools for matrix solution. But neither can efficiently solve the large-scale sparse matrix or ill matrix because of the closely coupled relationship of execution time and matrix size for direct methods and the convergence problem for iterative methods. This paper presents two methods that are a combination of direct solution using complete LU factorization and iterative solution using conjugate gradient square (CGS) or conjugate residual (CR) method. The methods converge faster and more reliably than the LU factorization method and conjugate gradient (CG) method, and can achieve high resolution on a wide variety of circuits. A very efficient preconditioning method is used in our approach to accelerate convergence. Furthermore, we present an effective judgment method for re-factorization of matrix. Several numerical experiments results are included to compare their efficiencies.
TH1/TH2,3 Imbalance due to Cytokine‐Producing NK, γδ T and NK‐γδ T Cells in Murine Pregnancy Decidua in Success or Failure of Pregnancy (2001)

gammadelta+ cells in decidua (e.g. Vgamma1+ cells which can recognize trophoblasts) differ based on the presence or absence of the NK marker-asialo-GM1. NK-gammadelta T cells may be quite important in the Th1 response in early pregnancy that predisposes to abortions in CBA x DBA/2 matings, whereas gammadelta T-only cells appear to be protective. In pregnant SCID mice, the TNF-alpha+/TGF-beta2+ NK population is greatly expanded. An activating stimulus (such as stress or endotoxin) appears to be as important in triggering abortions, as is the Th1/Th2,3 ratio at the feto maternal interface.
A microelectrode for determination of dissolved oxygen in tissue (1961)

This microelectrode, which, in principle, resembles the Clark polyethylene membrane electrode, may be used for the measurement of O 2 tension in biological fluids. It is unaffected by the presence of fats, proteins, or hydrated ions in the external fluid and possesses the following characteristics: external diameter, 0.75 mm, O 2 tension to current relationship linear over a range of P o2 0—702 mm Hg; accuracy ±0.5% at 150 mm Hg; stability over several hours ±0.5%; response time to 99% at 37 C is 2 min; temperature/current relationship, linear or curvilinear; temperature equilibrium, 1 min; movement/current relationship, logarithmic; approximate maximum effect of movement, 4%. The application of membrane electrodes to the measurement of O 2 within tissues is discussed. The electrodes may also be used to measure the resistance of tissues to dissolved O2 transport. The concept of “relative available oxygen” is introduced. Submitted on December 9, 1960
A software/hardware platform for rapid prototyping of video and multimedia designs (2005)

Traditional design and test of complex multimedia systems involves a large number of test vectors and is a difficult and time-consuming task. The simulation times are prohibitively long on current desktop computers. Driving actual design scenarios and timing burst behavior which produce real-time effects is difficult to do with current simulation environments. This paper describes a rapid emulation framework for accessing multiple hardware IP blocks on an FPGA. This solution involves an abstraction of the FPGA platform by having a virtual socket layer that resides between the design and the test vehicles. A rapid prototyping platform is thus created, and its use with complex video and multimedia systems is described.
Design of a reactor bioleach process for refractory gold treatment (1993)

CRA has been developing bioleaching for the treatment of low-grade refractory gold resources. In lhe course of dcveloping a biolcach process for a pyrite concentrate at Bougainville Copper Limited (BCL), CRA has confronted the myriad of problems associated with proving a concept at a small scale, to the design of a conceptual flowsheet. A phased programme was initiated to develop the project. Laboratory scale batch studies indicated that the pyrite concentrate was amenable to bacterial leaching and subsequent cyanidatkm gold recovery. Large scale continuous leaching was then performed to delincate the major operating wtriables. In conjunction with this programme, CRA has also been addressing the problem of reactor scale-up. The success of the bioleach process is dependent on the design of large, energy-efficient reactors, with reactor sizes of the order of 1000 m3 contemplated. Results from these scale-up studies are presented in this paper.
Halloysite Tubes as Nanocontainers for Anticorrosion Coating with Benzotriazole (2009)

Halloysite clay nanotubes were investigated as a tubular container for the corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole. Halloysite is a naturally occurring cylindrical clay mineral with an internal diameter in the nanometer range and a length up to several micrometers, yielding a high-aspect-ratio hollow tube structure. Halloysite may be used as an additive in paints to produce a functional composite coating material. A maximum benzotriazole loading of 5% by weight was achieved for clay tubes of 50 nm external diameters and lumen of 15 nm. Variable release rates of the corrosion inhibitor were possible in a range between 5 and 100 h, as was demonstrated by formation of stoppers at tube openings. The anticorrosive performance of the sol-gel coating and paint loaded with 2-5% of halloysite-entrapped benzotriazole was tested on copper and on 2024-aluminum alloy by direct exposure of the metal plates to corrosive media. Kinetics of the corrosion spot formation at the coating defects was analyzed by the scanning vibrating electrode technique, and an essential damping of corrosion development was demonstrated for halloysite-loaded samples.
Cell size dependence of transport coefficients in stochastic particle algorithms (1998)

Using the Green–Kubo theory, the dependence of the viscosity and thermal conductivity on cell size is obtained explicitly for stochastic particle methods such as direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) and its generalization, the consistent Boltzmann algorithm (CBA). These analytical results confirm empirical observations that significant errors occur when the cell dimensions are larger than a mean free path.
Accurate Analysis of Radiation from Dielectric-Wedge Antenna by Boundary-Element Method based on Guided-Mode Extracted Integral Equations (2007)

The problem of radiation from a dielectric-wedge antenna fed by a slab waveguide of the same material is accurately analyzed by using the new boundary integral equations that are called guided-mode extracted integral equations. The derived boundary integral equations can be solved directly by using the boundary-element method. The simulated results are verified by the use of energy conservation law and are compared with those appearing in the literature. Typical results of reflected and scattered powers, as well as radiation patterns are presented. With certain conditions, it is shown that almost 100% of incident power is radiated, i.e., very low VSWR can be obtained.
Tunable femtosecond radiation in the mid-infrared for time-resolved absorption in semiconductors (1988)

We describe the generation of 350-fs pulses tunable between 2.3 and 5.5 microm by seeded optical parametric amplification. These pulses are synchronized with visible pulses for time-resolved absorption and reflectivity in semiconductors with 500-fs resolution.
COPS-SLS usage for dynamic policy-bosed QoS management over heterogeneous IP networks (2003)

While each IP domain can deploy its own strategy to manage network resources, multimedia traffic needs end-to-end QoS management to obtain an overall service level. The provision of end-to-end QoS over a heterogeneous environment implies the negotiation of a mutually acceptable SLA. This article presents the use of the COPS-SLS protocol as a generic protocol for automatic service-level negotiation and the integration of this protocol in an overall QoS management architecture to manage service levels over multiple domains deploying different QoS technologies.
Enteric bacteria: Friend or foe? (1996)

The normal gastrointestinal tract contains an enormous number of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria which normally enjoy a symbiotic relationship with the host but can have adverse effects with local and systemic consequences. The small intestine constitutes a zone of transition between the sparsely populated stomach and the luxuriant bacterial flora of the colon. Regulation of the intestinal flora depends on complex interactions between many factors including secretion of gastric acid, intestinal motility, biliary and pancreatic secretions, local immunity, the surface glycocalyx and mucus layer, and diet. Microbial interactions are also important, and can involve alterations in redox potential, substrate depletion and production of substances such as bacteriocins that inhibit bacterial growth. The beneficial effect of the normal enteric flora include the competitive exclusion of potentially pathogenic organisms, and the production of nutrients such as short-chain fatty acids (which represent an important energy source for the colonic mucosa) and vitamins. Detrimental effects of the enteric flora include competition for calories and essential nutrients, particularly by bacteria located in the small intestine, and a capacity to damage the mucosa, in some circumstances causing or contributing to inflammatory bowel disease. These problems can be accentuated by interference with the physiological regulation of intraluminal bacteria allowing overgrowth by a normal resident, or colonisation by transient pathogens. The pathophysiological consequences may involve direct damage to the intestinal mucosa, and bacterial metabolism of intraluminal constituents, for example forming deconjugated bile acids and hydroxylated fatty acids which stimulate fluid secretion. Additional problems arise if there is interference with the mucosal barrier since this can result in increased passage of bacteria and bacterial products stimulating mucosal inflammation, while bacterial translocation can result in bacteraemia and septicaemia. Problems associated with bacterial pathogens are illustrated by the properties of the spectrum of pathogenic Escherichia coli, some of which facilitate long-term colonisation by adherence to the surface or invasion of enterocytes.
Development of a black-box data recording device in the operating room: a proof-of-concept study (2013)

Cates, Jill A. BSc(Hons); Bonrath, Esther M. MD; Dedy, Nicolas J. MD; Grantcharov, Teodor P. MD, PhD, FACS Author Information
Production of eicosapentaenoic acid by<i>Saprolegnia</i> sp. 28YTF‐1 (1995)

Abstract Saprolegnia sp. 28YTF‐1, isolated from a freshwater sample, is a potent producer of 5,8,11,14,17‐ cis ‐eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The fungus used various kinds of carbon sources, such as starch, dextrin, sucrose, glucose, and olive oil for growth, and olive oil was the best carbon source for EPA production. The EPA content reached 17 mg/g dry mycelium (0.25 mg/L) when the fungus was grown in a medium that contained 2.5% olive oil and 0.5% yeast extract, at pH 6.0 and 28°C for 6 d with shaking. Accompanying production of arachidonic acid (AA; 3.2 mg/g dry mycelia, EPA/AA = 5.1) and other ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids was low. Both EPA content and EPA/AA ratio increased in parallel by lowering growth temperature. Triglyceride was the major mycelial lipid ( ca. 84%), but EPA comprised only 2.2% of the total fatty acids of this lipid. About 40% of the EPA produced was found in polar lipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine (EPA content, 28.2%), phosphatidylcholine (13.6%), and phosphatidylserine (21.2%).
The nuclear membrane-associated honeycomb structure of the unicellular organism Amoeba proteus: on the search for homologies with the nuclear lamina of metazoa. (1995)

In the protozoon Amoeba proteus, a complex and highly organized structure with the morphology of a honeycomb is associated with the nucleoplasmic surface of the nuclear membrane. We have tested whether this structure exhibits similarity to the nuclear lamina of metazoic organisms. First, we have shown that the honeycomb layer is composed of 3 to 5 nm thick protein fibrils resistant to treatment with detergent, high salt, and digestion with nucleases, thus possessing properties typical for karyoskeletal elements. However, in contrast to the meshwork of lamin filaments in somatic cells of metazoic organisms, the honeycomb layer is not tightly anchored to the nucleoplasmic side of pore complexes, or to the inner nuclear membrane. Second, in microinjection experiments we investigated whether fluorescently labeled lamins of Xenopus laevis (lamins A and LI) and Drosophila melanogaster (lamin Dmo) were able to associate in vivo with the Amoeba proteus honeycomb structure. In microinjected amoeba these three lamins were efficiently transported into the nucleus, but did not associate with the nuclear envelope. Our results suggest that the Amoeba proteus nuclear envelope, including the honeycomb layer, does not contain proteins exhibiting high homologies to lamins of metazoan species thus preventing the localized assembly of microinjected lamins along the nuclear periphery.
Characterization of Vanadium Oxide Supported on Zirconia and Modified with MoO₃ (2003)

Vanadium oxides supported on zirconia and modified with MoO₃were prepared by adding Zr(OH)₄powder into a mixed aqueous solution of ammonium metavanadate and ammonium molybdate followed by drying and calcining at high temperatures. The characterization of prepared catalysts was performed using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and solid-state <TEX>$^{51}V$</TEX> NMR. In the case of a calcination temperature of 773 K, for samples containing low loading of <TEX>$V_2O_5$</TEX>, below 15 wt %, vanadium oxide was in a highly dispersed state, while for samples containing high loading of <TEX>$V_2O_5$</TEX>, equal to or above 15 wt %, vanadium oxide was well crystallized because the <TEX>$V_2O_5$</TEX> loading exceeded the formation of a monolayer on the surface of <TEX>$ZrO_2$</TEX>. The <TEX>$ZrV_2O_7$</TEX> compound was formed through the reaction of <TEX>$V_2O_5\;and\;ZrO_2$</TEX> at 873 K and the compound decomposed into <TEX>$V_2O_5\;and\;ZrO_2$</TEX> at 1073 K, which were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and solid-state <TEX>$^{51}V$</TEX> NMR. IR spectroscopic studies of ammonia adsorbed on <TEX>$V_2O_5-MoO_3/ZrO_2$</TEX> showed the presence of both Lewis and Bronsted acids.
Protein Secretion Systems in Microbial and Mammalian Cells (2020)

Secretion is an attractive production mode for proteins that require posttranslational modifications carried out in the secretory pathway. For example, amino acid chains fold properly, disulfide bonds form correctly, and glycosylation occurs accurately as the protein is secreted. In addition, recovery of secreted proteins is simplified by the fact that cells need not be broken and the product may be a major species present in a minimal synthetic culture medium. The current state of the art permits the production and secretion of proteins by heterologous cells. While future efforts will be required to improve the efficiency of secretion, current methods yield commercially interesting levels of secretion from E. coli, B. subtilis, S. cerevisiae, Aspergilli, and many mammalian cell types. Each of these systems offers certain advantages, and the choice of system depends on the specific protein to be secreted. High-value human therapeutic products such as plasminogen activators are reasonable candidates for secretion from mammalian cell lines, while industrial proteins such as calf prochymosin require a more economical host, such as baker's yeast or Aspergillus. The wide variety of posttranslational modifications observed in nature may prevent any single secretion system from dominating the field for many years to come.
Diamond as a high-power-laser window (1974)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. H. Douglas-Hamilton, E. D. Hoag, and J. R. M. Seitz, "Diamond as a high-power-laser window," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 36-38 (1974) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Engineering problems of low-angle tracking radars (2002)

This paper introduces a new tracking radar which can track confidently ultra-low altitude targets (such as sea skimmer and cruise missile) and measure the miss distances of the shells relative to the missile. This type of radar adopts ultra-wide band technique and monopulse Doppler system. The low-angle tracking is realized by combination of the ultra-wideband (UWB) technique with a composite low-angle tracking data processing. The paper emphasizes the engineering implementations of three problems, ie, low-angle tracking, miss distance measurement and ultra-wide band (30%).