gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Registration of ‘Zenith’ Black Bean (2014)

‘Zenith’ black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. No. CV-307, PI 673047), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch, was released in 2014 as an upright, full-season cultivar with anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. et Magnus) Lams.-Scrib] resistance and excellent canning quality. Zenith was developed using pedigree breeding method to the F4 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In 4 yr of field trials, Zenith yielded 3078 kg ha−1, flowered in 45 d, and matured in 100 d on average. Plants averaged 53 cm in height, with lodging resistance score of 1.4 and seed weight of 21.7 g 100 seed−1. Zenith combines high yield potential with erect architecture and full-season maturity in a black seed type. Zenith has resistance to lodging and high pod placement within plant structure, making it suitable for direct harvest under narrow-row production systems. The upright architecture also contributes to avoidance of white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary], a disease that is intensified by narrow-row production systems. Zenith is resistant to race 73 of anthracnose, susceptible to rust race 22:2 [caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers.) Unger], and sensitive to strain NL 3 of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Zenith produces seed that meets industry standards for export and packaging and was rated highest in canned bean color in the black bean seed class.
A Biological Basis for Instantaneous Centres of Rotation of the Vertebral Column (1995)

The instantaneous centre of rotation has proven to be a useful parameter of vertebral motion. The normal location of instantaneous centres has been determined in cadavers and in normal volunteers for the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spines, and abnormal location of centres has been shown to correlate with spinal pain. However, to date, an instantaneous centre has constituted no more than a convenient mathematical summary of vertebral kinematics. It has defied resolution into biologically meaningful parameters. This study offers a novel model of vertebral motion in which the instantaneous centre of rotation can be shown to be a function of the location of the centre of reaction of a vertebra, and the intrinsic rotation and translation it undergoes. These parameters are strictly linked by equations that determine the location of an axis of rotation. These equations allow aberrations in the location of an axis to be interpreted in terms of the anatomical and pathological factors that affect the centre of reaction of the vertebra and the rotation and translation it undergoes.
Single element and linear array PZT ultrasound biomicroscopy transducers (2002)

PZT coatings have been produced in the thickness range of 5-200 microns using a composite sol gel process (M. Lukacs et al., 1996). The application of this process in the fabrication of high frequency transducers suitable for ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) has been investigated. Curved single element transducers have been produced in a range of 70-165 MHz with -6dB bandwidths as high as 52% and minimum insertion losses ranging from -47 to -58 dB. Laser micromachining techniques for patterning linear array structures to operate at similar frequencies have been developed. Trenches <10 /spl mu/m wide with a 50% taper through 20 /spl mu/m of ceramic have been achieved with a pulsed frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser. Trenches 5 /spl mu/m wide with straight walls have been achieved using a pulsed KrF excimer laser.
Anti-Helicobacter pylori activities of ebrotidine. A review of biochemical and animal experimental studies and data. (1997)

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is now recognized as a major factor in the pathogenesis of gastric disease, and the successful therapy regimens require a combination of H2 blockers with gastroprotective and antimicrobial agents. Ebrotidine (N-[(E)-[[2-[[[2-[(diaminomethylene) amino]-4-thiazolyl] methyl]thio]ethyl]amino]methylene]-4-bromo-benzenesulfonamide, CAS 100981-43-9, FI-3542) is the only drug combining acid-suppressant activity with remarkable gastroprotective and anti-H. pylori properties. The drug not only displays a potent anti-H. pylori activity alone, but also exerts a strong potentiating effect on the efficacy of antimicrobial agents commonly used for H. pylori eradication, and the successful ulcer therapy with ebrotidine induces a significant (4-fold) increase in the H. pylori aggregation titer of gastric mucin. Moreover, the drug exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on H. pylori urease activity, the extent of which exceeds that of ranitidine, omeprazole and lansoprazole. Ebrotidine has also been demonstrated to exert a potent inhibitory action on the enzymatic activities directed towards mucus perimeter of gastric mucosal defense, causing a marked inhibition of H. pylori protease, lipase and phospholipase A2 activities. Another important property of ebrotidine is its ability to efficiently counteract the disruptive effects of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide on the integrity of gastric epithelium. This includes countering the interference by the lipopolysaccharide in mucosal integrin receptor interaction with proteins of extracellular matrix and the reversal of H. pylori disruptive effect on the binding of mucin to its gastric epithelial receptor. Furthermore, most recent data indicate that ebrotidine has the ability to reverse the impairment caused by H. pylori in feedback inhibition of gastrin release by somatostatin. This activity of ebrotidine apparently stems from the drug's ability to counter the untoward effect of H. pylori on the binding of somatostatin to its specific receptor on the gastric mucosal G-cells. The unique combination of acid suppressant, gastroprotective and anti-H. pylori activities makes ebrotidine a drug of choice in the treatment of gastric disease caused by H. pylori.
Effects of Rolipram, a Selective Inhibitor of Type 4 Phosphodiesterase, on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Uveitis in Rats (2004)

purpose. To investigate effects of rolipram, an inhibitor of type 4 phosphodiesterase, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced uveitis in Wistar rats. methods. A total of 100 μg LPS was injected into the rat footpad. Rolipram (Wako Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan) was injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before administration of LPS. Levels of intracameral protein, cells, E-selectin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and nitrite were determined. E-selectin, TNF-α, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNAs and immunohistochemical reactivity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and TNF-α were also examined in the iris-ciliary body. results. After LPS injection, intracameral protein and cells increased from 18 to 30 hours later. Rolipram, however, inhibited elevation of protein and cells. After LPS injection, mRNA levels of E-selectin, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the iris-ciliary body increased 3 hours later, and iNOS mRNA increased 6 hours later. Elevation of mRNA levels for E-selectin, TNF-α, and IL-6 was inhibited by rolipram. After LPS injection, intracameral TNF-α and IL-6 levels increased 4 to 6 hours later, and nitrite levels increased 14 to 20 hours later. Elevation of TNF-α and IL-6 levels was decreased by rolipram. Rolipram did not affect iNOS mRNA and nitrite levels. Immunoreactivity of NF-κB was strong 1 hour after LPS injection, and was decreased by rolipram. Immunoreactivity of TNF-α was strong 4 hours after LPS injection and was decreased by rolipram. conclusions. NF-κB translocation and expression of E-selectin, TNF-α, and IL-6 are involved in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced uveitis and are inhibited by rolipram. The inhibitory effect of rolipram in uveitis may be independent of iNOS synthesis.
Molecular genetics of cell death in the nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (1992)

In C. elegans, cell death can be readily studied at the cellular, genetic, and molecular levels. Two types of death have been characterized in this nematode: (1) programmed cell death, which occurs as a normal component in development; and (2) pathological cell death, which occurs aberrantly as a consequence of mutation. Analysis of mutations that disrupt programmed cell death in various ways has defined a genetic pathway for programmed cell death which includes genes that perform such functions as the determination of which cells die, the execution of cell death, the engulfment of cell corpses, and the digestion of DNA from dead cells. Molecular analysis is providing insight into the nature of the molecules that function in these aspects of programmed cell death. Characterization of some genes that mutate to induce abnormal cell death has defined a novel gene family called degenerins that encode putative membrane proteins. Dominant alleles of at least two degenerin genes, mec-4 and deg-1, can cause cellular swelling and late onset neurodegeneration of specific groups of cells.
Safeguarding clinical translation of pluripotent stem cells with suicide genes (2013)

The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) opens a new avenue in regenerative medicine. However, transplantation of hiPSC-derived cells carries a risk of tumor formation by residual pluripotent stem cells. Numerous adaptive strategies have been developed to prevent or minimize adverse events and control the in vivo behavior of transplanted stem cells and their progeny. Among them, the application of suicide gene modifications, which is conceptually similar to cancer gene therapy, is considered an ideal means to control wayward stem cell progeny in vivo. In this review, the choices of vectors, promoters, and genes for use in suicide gene approaches for improving the safety of hiPSCs-based cell therapy are introduced and possible new strategies for improvements are discussed. Safety-enhancing strategies that can selectively ablate undifferentiated cells without inducing virus infection or insertional mutations may greatly aid in translating human pluripotent stem cells into cell therapies in the future.
Preservation of raw milk by the addition of carbon dioxide (1982)

SUMMARY The effects of concentrations of 10–30 mM/1 of CO 2 on the growth of psychrotrophic milk spoilage organisms were examined, both in untreated whole milk and in pure cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens growing in skim-milk and broth. Spoilage of refrigerated untreated whole milk was found to be inhibited by the addition of CO 2 and the effect was enhanced with increasing concentrations of CO 2 and decreasing storage temperature. Experiments with pure cultures of Ps. fluorescens showed that the inhibitory effects of CO 2 were not due to increased acidity or to displacement of dissolved O 2 , but to the presence of CO 2 per se which induced an increase in the duration of the lag phase of growth and had only a small effect on the logarithmic phase.
Cost versus precision for approximate typing for Python (2016)

In this paper we describe a variation of monotone frameworks that enables us to perform approximate typing of Python, in particular for dealing with some of its more dynamic features such as first-class functions and Python's dynamic class system. We additionally introduce a substantial number of variants of the basic analysis in order to experimentally discover which configurations attain the best balance of cost and precision. For example, the analysis allows us to be selectively flow-insensitive for certain classes of identifiers, and the amount of call-site context is configurable. Results of our evaluation include that adding call-site sensitivity and parameterized types has little effect on precision; in terms of speed call-site sensitivity is very costly. On the other hand, flow-insensitive treatment of module scope identifiers has a strongly positive effect, often both in terms of precision and speed.
Vasopressin Improves Vital Organ Blood Flow During Closed-Chest Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pigs (1995)

We conclude that administration of vasopressin leads to a significantly higher coronary perfusion pressure and myocardial blood flow than epinephrine during closed-chest CPR in a pig model of ventricular fibrillation.
<i>nmt2</i> of fission yeast: A second thiamine‐repressible gene co‐ordinately regulated with <i>nmt1</i> (1994)

We previously described a screen for thiamine-repressible genes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and reported on one such gene, nmt1, required for thiamine biosynthesis. Here we describe a second gene, nmt2, recovered in the same screen. Disruption of nmt2 also resulted in thiamine auxotrophy, indicating a role for the nmt2 gene product in thiamine biosynthesis. Both genes are highly transcribed in minimal medium and repressed in medium containing thiamine, and nuclear 'run-on' experiments confirm that expression in both cases is controlled by the rate of transcription initiation. The virtually identical kinetics of induction and repression suggest that the two genes are co-ordinately regulated. Sequence comparison of the two promoters reveals a canonical TATA box, downstream of which is a perfectly conserved 11 bp element. Transcript mapping experiments show that transcription initiation of both genes is centred on this element.
A High IIP2 SAW-Less Superheterodyne Receiver With Multistage Harmonic Rejection (2016)

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate the first fully integrated surface acoustic wave (SAW)-less superheterodyne receiver (RX) for 4G cellular applications. The RX operates in discrete-time domain and introduces various innovations to simultaneously improve noise and linearity performance while reducing power consumption: a highly linear wideband noise-canceling low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA), a blocker-resilient octal charge-sharing bandpass filter, and a cascaded harmonic rejection circuitry. The RX is implemented in 28-nm CMOS and it does not require any calibration. It features NF of 2.1-2.6 dB, an immeasurably high input second intercept point for closely-spaced or modulated interferers, and input third intercept point of 8-14 dBm, while drawing only 22-40 mW in various operating modes.
Synthesis of magnesium aluminate spinel in the MgO-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>- Al system using the SHS method (2019)

Magnesium aluminate spinel is obtained in the MgO-Al2O3-Al system using the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The leading SHS reaction is the oxidation of aluminum in an oxidizing environment. The composition and structure of spinel were studied by X-ray diffraction (DRON-UM-1), infrared spectroscopy (Nicolet 5700) and scanning electron microscopy (Philips SEM 515). The mineralizer NaCl used in the amount of 1 wt.% increases the conversion depth during SHS. Initial components are ground in a M3 planetary mill for 60 s results to obtain MgAl2O4 that does not contain impurities of initial oxides. The grain size of magnesium aluminate spinel obtained is ≤1 microns.
Hormonal Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors and Messenger RNA Activity in Ovine Pituitary Culture (1990)

Previous studies demonstrate that gonadotroph responsiveness to GnRH, GnRH binding, and the apparent number of GnRH receptors are all increased by 17 beta-estradiol (E) or inhibin (IN) in ovine pituitary cultures. Progesterone (P) attenuates these effects. To explore differences between the effects of IN and E on GnRH binding, a detailed time-course study was performed. The results indicate that after 48 h, IN had a greater effect on binding of a GnRH agonist (5-fold increase) than E (3-fold increase), but was slower to act initially. A combined treatment of IN and E gave a partially additive effect at 48 h (6.5-fold increase). The mechanism of receptor regulation in this system is not known, but could involve synthesis, recycling, or modification of GnRH receptors. To investigate the contribution of altered receptor biosynthesis to the regulation of receptor levels, a functional Xenopus oocyte-based assay for GnRH receptor mRNA activity was employed. After 48 h of treatment, IN or E each led to a 7- to 8-fold increase in GnRH receptor mRNA activity. Treatment with both hormones led to a 19-fold increase. The increase in mRNA activity induced by either hormone was greatly attenuated by P. Modulation of GnRH receptor mRNA levels suggests that IN, E, and P regulate responsiveness to GnRH in the ovine pituitary at least in part by altering de novo synthesis of GnRH receptors. The differing time courses of action, as assayed by GnRH binding, and the additivity of effects at the mRNA level suggest that IN and E alter mRNA levels via different mechanisms.
Potential of microsystems in medicine (1995)

SummaryIn numerous fields of medicine and in particular in minimally invasive therapy, functionality of the existing medico-technical equipment can be improved considerably by increasing use of microstructures or microsystem components. Furthermore, completely new medical instruments (endosystems) are feasible on the basis of microsystem fabrication technologies. With the LIGA technique and mechanical microengineering two novel technologies for medical technology shall be presented. The advantages and opportunities offered by microstructure and microsystems technology shall be illustrated by the examples of microshaped X-ray intensifying screens, micro host structures for cell cultures, microvalve systems for catheter systems and a novel endoscopic operation system for neurosurgery.Keywords: microsystems technologymicroshaped X-ray intensifying screensmicro host structures for cell culturesmicrovalve systemendosystem for neurosurgery
Strategies for proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 modulation: a perspective on recent patents (2010)

Clinical trials have been launched using RNA interference approaches to reduce PCSK9 expression or specific antibodies targeting and inhibiting PCSK9 interaction with the LDL receptor. They constitute very promising approaches to reducing cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease.
Predictors of Resistance to Preoperative Trastuzumab and Vinorelbine for HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer (2007)

Preoperative trastuzumab plus vinorelbine is active and well tolerated in patients with HER2-positive, operable, stage II/III breast cancer. HER2-overexpressing tumors with a basal-like phenotype, or with expression of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and other proteins involved in growth factor pathways, are more likely to be resistant to this regimen.
Essential amino acid deprivation induces monocytic differentiation of the human HL-60 myeloid leukemia cell line (1989)

In this study we examine the effects of amino acid deprivation on the growth and differentiation of the human HL-60 myeloid leukemia cell line. The HL-60 cell line was chosen for study because of its ability to differentiate along either a granulocytic or monocytic pathway under appropriate culture conditions. Differentiation was determined by changes in cell morphology, nonspecific esterase (NSE) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and expression of the cell surface differentiation antigens LeuM3 (CD14) and OKM1 (CD11). Using a model system in which HL-60 cells were cultured in medium that selectively lacked one amino acid (AA), it was seen that deprivation of HL-60 cells for essential (but not nonessential) AAs results in decreased cell growth and viability and in differentiation of 30% to 60% of the surviving population of cells specifically along the monocytic pathway. This differentiation is irreversible as well as time- and dose- dependent. Culture of HL-60 cells in essential AA-deficient medium potentiated the differentiative effects of recombinant human interferon- gamma (IFN-gamma), recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3), all of which have previously been shown to induce monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. Differentiated cells had decreased DNA and RNA synthesis, but protein synthesis was unchanged compared with control cells. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide prevented differentiation, indicating the necessity of protein synthesis in this process. Cell cycle analysis revealed that an increased proportion of cells cultured in AA-deficient medium was arrested in G0-G1 (80% and 50% for AA-deficient and control cells, respectively). These results suggest that alterations of AA metabolism and subsequent perturbations in DNA and RNA synthesis may be important in initiating differentiation or in augmenting cytokine-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells into more mature, nonreplicating, monocyte-like cells.
Concept and realization of adaptive interface based on user's skill and uncomfortableness (2003)

The authors consider a realization method on intelligent interface which is comfortable and useful for both beginners and experts to carry out a given task. They show the concept of the adaptive interface and the realization method based on user's skill level and evaluation of human impatience/uncomfortableness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nitric oxide inhibits DNA ligase activity: potential mechanisms for NO-mediated DNA damage (1996)

Nitric oxide-induced modifications of DNA occur either by directly altering DNA chemically through reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOS) or indirectly by inhibiting various repair processes. DNA ligases are enzymes which rejoin single-strand breaks and are critical for DNA integrity during processes such as gene transcription and repair. The eukaryotic and T4 DNA ligases are active in the presence of ATP and act in two steps: the formation of protein-AMP intermediates, then the ligation of DNA breaks. When T4 DNA ligase was exposed to the NO generator DEA/NO (Et2N[NO(NO)]Na), a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of these two steps, adenylylation of the protein and ligation of the substrate, was observed. This inhibition was abated by the presence of cysteine, suggesting that RNOS, rather than NO, mediated the inhibition of the ligase activity. As mammalian and T4 DNA ligases act by the same mechanism, the inhibition of DNA ligase may explain the increase in single-strand breaks reported for cells exposed to NO and provides a mechanism to increase DNA lesions without direct chemical modification of DNA by NO or RNOS.
Ultraviolet diffraction limited nanosurgery of live biological tissues (2004)

A laser nanodissection system for in vivo and in situ biological tissues is presented. A pulsed laser beam operating at a wavelength of 355 nm enables diffraction limited dissection, providing an optimal tool for intracellular nanosurgery. Coupled into a conventional inverted microscope and scanned across a field of up to 100×100 μm2, this optical nanoscalpel performs in vivo photoablation and plasma-induced ablation inside organisms ranging from intracellular organelles to embryos. The system allows the use of conventional microscopy contrasts and methods, fast dissection with up to 1000 shots per second, and simultaneous dissection and imaging. This article outlines an efficient implementation with a small number of components and reports an improvement of this state of the art of plasma-induced ablation technique over previous studies, with a ratio of plasma volume to beam focal volume of 5.2. This offers, e.g., the possibility of writing information directly at the sample location by plasma glass nanopatterning.
Accelerated iterative beam angle selection in IMRT (2016)

We conclude that iterative BAS in combination with objective function surrogates can be a viable option to implement automated BAS at clinically acceptable computation times.