gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circulating ghrelin concentrations fluctuate relative to nutritional status and influence feeding behavior in cattle1,2 (2006)

The objective of these experiments was to establish the relationship of plasma ghrelin concentrations with feed intake and hormones indicative of nutritional state of cattle. In Exp.1, 4 steers (BW 450 +/- 14.3 kg) were used in a crossover design to compare plasma ghrelin concentrations of feed-deprived steers with those of steers allowed to consume feed and to establish the relationship of plasma ghrelin concentrations with those of GH, insulin (INS), glucose (GLU), and NEFA. After adaptation to a once-daily feed offering (0800), 2 steers continued the once-daily feeding schedule (FED), whereas feed was withheld from the other 2 steers (FAST). Serial blood samples were collected via indwelling jugular catheter from times equivalent to 22 h through 48 h of feed deprivation. Average plasma ghrelin concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) in FAST compared with FED (690 and 123 +/- 6.5 pg/mL) steers. Average plasma ghrelin concentrations for FED steers prefeeding were elevated (P < 0.001) when compared with those postfeeding (174 and 102 +/- 4.2 pg/mL, respectively). Average plasma GH concentration was elevated (P < 0.05) for FAST steers compared with FED steers. Plasma GLU concentrations were not different; however, for FAST steers, NEFA concentrations were elevated (P < 0.001) and INS concentrations were decreased (P < 0.001). In Exp. 2, 4 steers (BW 416 +/- 17.2 kg) were used in a crossover design to determine the effects of i.v. injection of bovine ghrelin (bGR) on plasma GH, INS, GLU, and NEFA concentrations; length of time spent eating; and DMI. Steers were offered feed once daily (0800). Serial blood samples were collected from steers via indwelling jugular catheter. Saline or bGR was injected via jugular catheter at 1200 and 1400. A dosage of 0.08 microg/kg of BW bGR was used to achieve a plasma ghrelin concentration similar to the physiological concentration measured in a FAST steer in Exp. 1 (1,000 pg/mL). Injection of bGR resulted in elevated (P < 0.005) plasma GH concentrations after the 1200 but not the 1400 injection. Plasma INS, GLU, and NEFA concentrations were not affected by bGR injection. For the combined 1-h periods postinjection, length of time spent eating was greater (P = 0.02) and DMI tended to be increased (P = 0.06) for bGR steers. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that ghrelin serves as a metabolic signal for feed intake or energy balance in ruminants.
Using predicate-argument structure to bootstrap a domain model for site search: results of a task-based evaluation (2013)

Search is becoming more interactive and query logs are among the commonly used resources to propose search suggestions. An alternative to exploiting logs is the extraction of a domain model based on the actual documents. This is particularly promising when restricting search to an intranet or a Web site where the size of the collection allows the application of full natural language parsing and where the documents can be expected to be virtually spam-free. Using a university Web site as an exemplar, we extract predicate argument structures from documents to acquire a domain model automatically. This domain model can be employed to guide users in information finding. Here we explore different ways of exploiting the initially constructed domain model in interactive search and present a task-based evaluation comparing these methods against a baseline system resembling a standard search interface with no suggestions.
Aviation fuel production from lipids by a single-step route using hierarchical mesoporous zeolites (2011)

Hierarchical mesoporous molecular sieves with tunable zeolitic crystallinity, acidity and porosity were tailored to develop a single-step process for hydroconversion of triglycerides and free fatty acids obtained from algae and Jatropha seeds. Ni-W catalyst supported on acidic zeolitic ZSM-5 support with hierarchical structure and intra-crystalline mesoporosity with composition similar to that for typical hydrocracking catalyst could yield 40–45% C9–C15 hydrocarbons and high isomerization selectivity (isomer/n-alkane, i/n ~ 2–6) from Jatropha oil. While Ni-Mo catalysts on the same support furnished 40–50% kerosene range hydrocarbons with i/n ~ 3–13. For algal oil feed hydroconversion using sulfided Ni-Mo catalyst supported on high surface area semi-crystalline ZSM-5, unexpectedly high yield of jet-fuel range hydrocarbons (77%) with moderately high isomerization selectivity (i/n = 2.5) could be obtained.
Production Optimization and Practical Reservoir Management of Coal Bed Methane Reservoirs (2001)

Abstract A systematic and focused engineering approach for production optimization and reservoir management of Coal Bed Methane field developments is discussed. Such an approach constitutes a decision making tool for production optimization of CBM fields. The paper briefly discusses the dynamics of the reservoir/production mechanisms, dewatering, desorption, fracturing mechanics and damage mechanisms affecting fracture conductivity and methane production. We present a set of best completion practices for CBM field ranging from reservoir behavior of CBM reservoirs, formation evaluation applications, reservoir modeling, production analysis, perforating for fracturing and completion design and optimization. An integrated reservoir description is incorporated into the completion strategies by the development and use of a Geomechanical model that accounts for the reservoir characterization and mechanical properties (pore pressures, k, ϕ, saturations, coal quality, stress gradients, stress contrast, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratios). The approach results in an efficient design and optimum placement of hydraulic fracture stimulation treatments and provides the strategy for high grading the coal quality and selective stimulation of the coal seams. A robust methodology for analysis of commingled production data is performed using historical production data and advanced diagnostic procedures that match and predict performance to accurately estimate reservoir potential, well deliverability and completion efficiency. The unique procedures combine superposition-in-time with rate-transient analytic solutions for finite-conductivity vertically fractured and non-fractured wells to accurately determine effective properties. Simulation scenarios are created using a CBM simulator and used for optimizing reservoir/field development scenarios to accelerate the dewatering process and increase production by selective stimulation / completion criteria. The optimization process can effectively improve field performance and economics and can be continuously improved according to the evolving needs of the economics of the reservoir development.
The $3 recognizer (2010)

We present the $3 Gesture Recognizer, a simple but robust gesture recognition system for input devices featuring 3D acceleration sensors. The algorithm is designed to be implemented quickly in prototyping environments, is intended to be device-independent and does not require any special toolkits or frameworks, but relies solely on simple trigonometric and geometric calculations. Our method requires significantly less training data than other gesture recognizers and is thus suited to be deployed and to deliver results rapidly.
Flexible Hard Coating: Glass‐Like Wear Resistant, Yet Plastic‐Like Compliant, Transparent Protective Coating for Foldable Displays (2017)

A flexible hard coating for foldable displays is realized by the highly cross-linked siloxane hybrid using structure-property relationships in organic-inorganic hybridization. Glass-like wear resistance, plastic-like flexibility, and highly elastic resilience are demonstrated together with outstanding optical transparency. It provides a framework for the application of siloxane hybrids in protective hard coatings with high scratch resistance and flexibility for foldable displays.
Metformin‐induced mitochondrial function and <scp>ABCD</scp>2 up‐regulation in X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy involves <scp>AMP</scp>‐activated protein kinase (2016)

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a progressive neurometabolic disease caused by mutations/deletions in the Abcd1 gene. Similar mutations/deletions in the Abcd1 gene often result in diagonally opposing phenotypes of mild adrenomyeloneuropathy and severe neuroinflammatory cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), which suggests involvement of downstream modifier genes. We recently documented the first evidence of loss of AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) in ALD patient-derived cells. Here, we report the novel loss of AMPKα1 in postmortem brain white matter of patients with ALD phenotype. Pharmacological activation of AMPK can rescue the mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibit the pro-inflammatory response. The FDA approved anti-diabetic drug Metformin, a well-known AMPK activator, induces mitochondrial biogenesis and is documented for its anti-inflammatory role. We observed a dose-dependent activation of AMPKα1 in metformin-treated X-ALD patient-derived fibroblasts. Metformin also induced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ATP levels in X-ALD patient-derived fibroblasts. Metformin treatment decreased very long chain fatty acid levels and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expressions in X-ALD patient-derived cells. Abcd2 [adrenoleukodystrophy protein-related protein] levels were increased in metformin-treated X-ALD patient-derived fibroblasts and Abcd1-KO mice primary mixed glial cells. Abcd2 induction was AMPKα1-dependent since metformin failed to induce Abcd2 levels in AMPKα1-KO mice-derived primary mixed glial cells. In vivo metformin (100 mg/Kg) in drinking water for 60 days induced Abcd2 levels and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation protein levels in the brain and spinal cord of Abcd1-KO mice. Taken together, these results provide proof-of-principle for therapeutic potential of metformin as a useful strategy for correcting the metabolic and inflammatory derangements in X-ALD by targeting AMPK. There is no effective therapy for inherited peroxisomal disorder X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). We document the therapeutic potential of FDA approved drug, Metformin, for X-ALD by targeting AMPK. Metformin induced peroxisomal Abcd2 levels in vitro and in vivo. Metformin lowered VLCFA levels, improved mitochondrial function and ameliorated inflammatory gene expression in X-ALD patient-derived cells. Metformin-induced Abcd2 levels were dependent on AMPKα1, a metabolic and anti-inflammatory gene, recently documented by our laboratory to play a putative role in X-ALD pathology. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 10.
Minority carrier lifetime of lattice-matched CdZnTe alloy grown on InSb substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (2015)

A CdZnTe/MgCdTe double-heterostructure (DH) consisting of a 3 μm thick Cd0.9946Zn0.0054Te middle layer that is lattice-matched to an InSb substrate has been grown using molecular beam epitaxy. A long carrier lifetime of 3.4 × 102 ns has been demonstrated at room temperature, which is approximately three times as long as that of a CdTe/MgCdTe DH with identical layer thickness. This substantial improvement is due to the reduction in misfit dislocation density in the CdZnTe alloy. In contrast, a CdTe/MgCdTe DH with 3 μm thick CdTe layer grown on an InSb substrate exhibits a strain relaxation of ∼30%, which leads to a wider x-ray diffraction peak, a weaker integrated photoluminescence intensity, and a shorter minority carrier lifetime of 1.0 × 102 ns. These findings indicate that CdZnTe lattice-matched to InSb has great potential as applied to high-efficiency solar cells as well as virtual substrates for high-performance large-area HgCdTe focal plane arrays.
[Flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination of cadmium in environmental water with preconcentration and separation by sodium trititanate whisker]. (2009)

Sodium tertitanate whisker is a new material for preconcentration. The adsorption properties of sodiium trititanate whisker for Cd(II) were studied and a new method for preconcentration and separation of Cd(II) was proposed. The adsorption rate of Cd(II) by sodium trititanate whisker was 98% at pH 5.0 and Cd(II) could be eluted from sodium trititanate whisker with hydrochloric acid (C: 0.1 mol x L(-1)). The Cd(II) in environmental water was preconcentrated with sodium trititanate whisker and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The detection limit (3sigma, n = 9) was 3.1 ng x L(-1), and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.6%. The response of proposed method is linear in the concentration range of 0.01-1.0 microg x mL(-1) of Cd(II). The method was applied to the determination of analytes in real samples, such as Changjiang River water, Canal water, Yudai River water etc. Good results were obtained (relative standard deviations were 1.5%-4.7%, while recoveries were 98%-102.0%).
Crystallization and preliminary structural analysis of an antibody complex formed with PfMSP1-19, a malaria vaccine candidate (2002)

The 11 kDa C-terminal fragment of the proteolyticly matured surface antigen, PfMSP1, from Plasmodium falciparum is a promising malaria vaccine candidate. The soluble recombinant form of this naturally occurring fragment has been crystallized as a complex with the Fab of a specific murine monoclonal antibody. The crystals belong to the space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 51.8, b = 213.5,c = 60.0 A, beta =101.0 degrees, and with Z = 4. Diffraction data have been measured to 2.9 A resolution and a preliminary model of the complex has been determined by molecular replacement. The epitope recognised by G17.12 is located on the N-terminal EGF-like domain of the antigen.
Jellyfish party: blowing soap bubbles in mixed reality space (2003)

This paper describes a mixed reality installation named Jellyfish Party, for enjoying playing with soap bubbles. A special feature of this installation is the use of a spirometer sensor to measure the amount and speed of expelled air used to blow virtual soap bubbles.
Microfabricated Array of Iridium Microdisks as a Substrate for Direct Determination of Cu<sup>2+</sup>or Hg<sup>2+</sup>Using Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (1999)

In this paper, we report for the first time the characterization and separate electrochemical determinations of Cu2+ and Hg2+ directly on a microlithographically fabricated array of iridium ultramicroelectrodes (Ir-UMEA). Square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry was used to optimize experimental parameters such as supporting electrolyte, square-wave frequency, and deposition time and potential. Reproducible stripping peaks were obtained for solutions containing low parts per billion (ppb) concentrations of either metal. Excellent linearity was obtained for Cu2+ in the 20−100 ppb range and for Hg2+ in the 1−10 ppb range when the bare iridium substrate was used. Detection limits were calculated to be 1 ppb (0.1 M KNO3 and 0.1 M HClO4, deposition time 180 s) and 5 ppb (0.1 M H2SO4, deposition time 120 s) for Cu2+ (S/N = 3) and 85 ppt for Hg2+ (deposition time 600 s). The experimental detection limits were determined to be 5 ppb for Cu2+ (deposition time 180 s) and 100 ppt for Hg2+ (deposition time 600 s). Interference studies were performed, and it was determined that Pb, Zn, and Cd had little or no influence on the copper signal. Tap water and spring water samples were analyzed for copper, and good agreement was obtained with conventional methods. An unexplained effect of chloride ions on the iridium surface was noted. Further investigation by atomic force microscopy determined that changes on the surface occurred but could be eliminated when chloride leakage from the reference electrode was minimized. The solid state construction of the Ir-UMEA makes it a prime candidate for use in determining Cu(II) and Hg(II) in chemically harsh environments.
Sequence Homology between Phospholipase and its Inhibitor in Snake Venom. The Primary Structure of the Inhibitor of Vipoxin from the Venom of the Bulgarian Viper (<i>Vipera ammodytes ammodytes,</i>Serpentes) (1984)

We are presenting the first primary structure of a snake venom inhibitor. It was isolated from the neurotoxin vipoxin of the Bulgarian Viper (Vipera ammodytes ammodytes, Serpentes) which represents a complex of a strong toxic basic protein with phospholipase A2 activity (2 isoenzymes) and the nontoxic acidic component functioning as its inhibitor. The sequence was established by automatic degradation in a liquid phase sequenator on the S-carboxymethylated chain and on the peptides obtained by tryptic hydrolysis of the oxidized chain. A limited tryptic digestion of the oxidized chain provided the necessary overlapping peptides. The inhibitor consists of 122 amino-acid residues including 14 cysteine and 10 tyrosine residues and is thus similar to the phospholipases from snake venoms. A comparison of the inhibitor sequence with the primary structure of the phospholipase A2 (CM-II) from the Horned Adder (Bitis nasicornis) venom shows a surprising homology of 52%. The identical amino acids include the cysteine and tyrosine residues and are generally accumulated in the surroundings of cysteine residues. The histidine (pos. 47) in the active center of the phospholipase A2 is substituted by glutamine in the inhibitor, but the tryptophan (pos. 30) which is essential for the enzymatic activity is present. The significant homology between enzyme and inhibitor in the vipoxin complex is believed to originate from a gene duplication. The relatively late development of the reptiles and the snake venom complex explains the highly preserved structure compared to other enzyme-inhibitor systems.
Hilairite, Na 2 ZrSi 3 O 9 .3H 2 O, a new mineral from Mont Saint Hilaire, Quebec (1974)

Occurrence, properties, electron microprobe and thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray diffraction, SEM
Towards Tool-Support for Test Case Selection in Manual Regression Testing (2013)

Manual regression testing can be a time-intensive and costly activity. Required efforts can be reduced by selecting only the tests for re-testing that verify actually modified system parts. However, if testers are not familiar with the system implementation the selection of relevant test cases may become difficult. In this paper we report on our experiences with the development of a tool-based approach supporting the selection of manual regression tests. The presented approach is developed together with the software testing department of an international company. Test cases are selected by analyzing different kinds of information resources, i.e., code coverage information and data provided by versioning systems. Experience shows that code coverage information can assist in selecting candidate test cases for regression testing. However, we also encountered some principal challenges in implementing test case selection in practice: Relying solely on code coverage often leads to a large set of test cases, available versioning systems lack the necessary details to map code changes to relevant structural elements, and collecting and keeping coverage data for manual regressing testing up-to-date involves additional costs and effort.
Tomographic Image Reconstruction by Eigenvector Decomposition: Its Limitations and Areas of Applicability (1982)

This paper analyzes in detail the process of tomographic image reconstruction by pseudo-inversion of the blurring matrix of a PET imaging system. Eigenvector and eigenvalue decomposition is used as a method to evaluate the physical reasons for the ill-conditioned nature of the problem. It is shown that finding an accurate pseudo-inverse for even a modest PET array of 8 x 8 pixels is a difficult task for a computer with 48-bit mantissa. The problem is caused by the strong ambiguity with which the detector system measures the activity at each pixel. For a problem in which imaging with a complete detector ring is not possible, and in which invariance of the point response function cannot be maintained, the pseudo-inverse method of reconstruction is, however, shown to be very useful. Advantage is taken of the fact that the activitiy to be measured is localized in a single plane, without over-or underlying activity. A planar camera configuration yields very well conditioned matrices that are separable for a large number of useful cases. It is even possible to define pixel sizes which are considerably smaller than the detector size and solve the problem without a substantial increase in the noise magnification factor. Recognizing that the above application is equivalent to a case of very well defined time-of-flight (TOF) measurement, the simple initial PET study is reevaluated by inclusion of TOF information.
Subcutaneous immunoglobulin: rapid push vs. infusion pump in pediatrics (2013)

Administration of replacement Ig via SC rapid push is a safe and viable option in pediatric patients with PIDD.
Influence of Sugars with Glycerol on Post-thaw Motility of Bovine Spermatozoa in Straws (1978)

Semen from each of seven bulls was diluted in egg yolk-citrate extender containing O, 60, 120, or 180 mM fructose (Experiment 1), lactose (Experiment 2), or raffinose (Experiment 3) in every possible combination with O, 3, 6, 9, and 12% (vol/vol) glycerol, to establish if these sugars were cryoprotective for spermatozoa in straws. Fructose was not beneficial to post-thaw motility in the absence of glycerol and became increasingly detrimental as glycerol concentration was increased. Although lactose was beneficial when glycerol was absent or present at low concentration, no combination of glycerol and lactose was superior to glycerol alone. The response to raffinose and to lactose was similar. In all three experiments, post-thaw motility was as good or better with 6% glycerol than with any of the other glycerol percents. Also, motility was generally greater for spermatozoa frozen in French straws than for those in Continental straws frozen by the same procedure. Cryoprotective effects of lactose and raffinose, used singly and in combinations with each other, were examined further in a fourth experiment. All extenders contained a final 7% glycerol. Motility of spermatozoa frozen in the absence of lactose and raffinose did not differ from that with any combination of these sugars. Motility averaged 22% and 18% for spermatozoa in French or Continental straws and declined more rapidly during post-thaw incubation for spermatozoa in Continental straws.