gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural gamma-ray log interpretation: semi-empirical, principal components analysis, and Monte Carlo multiply-scattered components approaches (1995)

Three approaches are presented and evaluated for correcting natural γ-ray log responses for variations in logging conditions such as borehole and tool diameters, tool standoff, borehole fluid type, and formation type. The data for all approaches was generated by the specific purpose Monte Carlo code McNGR which was developed at the Center for Engineering Applications of Radioisotopes for natural γ-ray logs. The first approach is the Semi-Empirical and features the use of the radioisotope concentration correction factor as a function of an effective absorption parameter. This parameter takes into account the average (two-dimensional) distance through the borehole to the tool surface and the borehole fluid density and composition. A standard set of logging conditions was used as the reference case. The second is the Principal Components Analysis approach. It consists of the generation of a complete set of library spectra over a wide borehole and formation parameter range, and the subsequent reduction of this data set by the PCA approach to 10% of its original size while still maintaining essentially all of the variance of the original set. Only six principal components are needed to reconstruct the original set of 300 library spectra. The spectrum reconstructions are fast since only vector multiplications and additions are involved. The library spectra for 40 K, U, and Th for this approach were generated by the Monte Carlo code McNGR. The third is the Monte Carlo Multiply-scattered Components approach. It first involves the decomposition of the 40 K, U, and Th library spectra (only 40 K is demonstrated here) obtained under standard logging conditions (the reference case) by Monte Carlo simulation to produce individual multiply-scattered characteristic components. These, in turn, are used as libraries to fit the total spectrum of any sample of interest with parameters sufficiently close to those of the reference case. Empirical expressions for the multiply-scattered component coefficients are obtained as a function of formation and borehole fluid parameters including density and composition. Spectrum reconstructions for any desired sample are then carried out using standard multiply-scattered components and their corresponding empirical coefficients. The advantages and disadvantages of the three approaches are discussed.
Use of Powdered Solutions to Improve The Dissolution Rate of Polythiazide Tablets (1990)

Solutions of polythiazide in polyethylene glycol 400 were admixed with microcrystalline cellulose (RC-591) and silica. The resulting free-flowing powder was incorporated into tablet formulations by direct compression.The dissolution rates of polythizizde frm these tablets were significantly more rapid than from commercially available tablets. The stability of these tablets at 40°0C and high humidity was studied. The powdered solution formulas were also compared with a polythiazide dispersion in polyethylene glycol 6000 which exhibited an equally superior dissolution profile.
Unsupervised context learning for speech recognition (2016)

It has been shown in the literature that automatic speech recognition systems can greatly benefit from contextual information [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Contextual information can be used to simplify the beam search and improve recognition accuracy. Types of useful contextual information can include the name of the application the user is in, the contents of the user's phone screen, the user's location, a certain dialog state, etc. Building a separate language model for each of these types of context is not feasible due to limited resources or limited amounts of training data. In this paper we describe an approach for unsupervised learning of contextual information and automatic building of contextual biasing models. Our approach can be used to build a large number of small contextual models from a limited amount of available unsupervised training data. We describe how n-grams relevant for a particular context are automatically selected as well as how an optimal size of a final contextual model is chosen. Our experimental results show great accuracy improvements for several types of context.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of the Mercuric Acetate‐Edetic Acid Oxidation Method to the Synthesis of 11‐Aza‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,12b‐octahydroindolo(2,3‐a) quinolizines. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modelling training and overtraining (1997)

This paper adapts the dose-response research tool, well established in pharmacological studies, to an exercise and performance setting. Training is measured in quantitative units as the dosage inputs, and their effects on fitness, fatigue, overtraining and performance responses are modelled. In this way, one can answer such questions as 'what performance level would be predicted if a certain amount of training was undertaken?' More specifically, athletes and their coaches are interested in designing a training schedule to maximize performance potential at some future date and minimize the risk of overtraining during that time, for some minimal training inputs. This approach leads to the practical recommendation that athletes should train more intensely but only on alternate days, for a 5 month session, in a triangular-shaped training profile, with the heaviest training occurring between weeks 12 and 4 before competition.
Reliability Model of Bandgap Engineered SONOS (BE-SONOS) (2006)

Reliability properties of bandgap engineered SONOS (BE-SONOS) (Lue et al., 2005) are extensively studied. First, the erase mechanism of BE-SONOS is confirmed as substrate hole tunneling through the ultra-thin ONO tunneling dielectric. Next, very long-term (>3,000 hours) high-temperature baking data (from 150 to 250degC) for various programmed/erased states and cycling history are collected and analyzed for a thorough understanding of the retention property. By transforming retention data (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FB</sub> -time) into de-trapping current (J) and modeling its dependence on electric field and temperature, the long-term retention of various programmed states are consistently and accurately predicted. This modeling technique avoids the ambiguity of the common Arrhenius plot, and is useful for developing other predictive models too. We have shown that BE-SONOS surpasses the 10-year 85degC storage criterion for Flash memory applications
OCCURRENCE OF VITAMIN B<sub>12</sub> IN THE SARGASSO SEA1 (1962)

The concentration of vitamin B 12 occurring in Sargasso Sea waters over the period of one year is given. A seasonal cycle in the euphotic zone corresponding to the cycle of primary production was evidenced. It is postulated that while B 12 may not control production rates per se, it probably exerts controlling influences on the species composition of the phytoplankton population.
Mutation of<i>waaC</i>, Encoding Heptosyltransferase I in<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>81-176, Affects the Structure of both Lipooligosaccharide and Capsular Carbohydrate (2006)

Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is composed of two covalently linked domains: lipid A, a hydrophobic anchor, and a nonrepeating core oligosaccharide, consisting of an inner and outer core region. We report the isolation and characterization of the deepest rough C. jejuni 81-176 mutant by insertional mutagenesis into the waaC gene, encoding heptosyltransferase I that catalyzes the transfer of the first L-glycero-D-manno-heptose residue to 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic residue (Kdo)-lipid A. Tricine gel electrophoresis, followed by silver staining, showed that site-specific mutation in the waaC gene resulted in the expression of a severely truncated LOS compared to wild-type strain 81-176. Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the waaC LOS species lacked all sugars distal to Kdo-lipid A. Parallel structural studies of the capsular polysaccharides of the wild-type strain 81-176 and waaC mutant revealed loss of the 3-O-methyl group in the waaC mutant. Complementation of the C. jejuni mutant by insertion of the wild-type C. jejuni waaC gene into a chromosomal locus resulted in LOS and capsular structures identical to those expressed in the parent strain. We also report here the presence of O-methyl phosphoramidate in wild-type strain 81-176 capsular polysaccharide.
A model for resin flow during composite processing part 2: Numerical analysis for unidirectional graphite/epoxy laminates (1987)

Abstract In this paper numerical results are presented for resin flow during processing of unidirectional graphite/epoxy laminates. Resin pressure and velocity profiles, as well as resin loss, specific permeability, and resulting thickness changes, were computed to examine the effects of one and two‐dimensional flow, initial laminate thickness, and various cure cycles. Input data to the model are also discussed in detail. Analysis of the input data on the stress‐strain behavior of graphite fiber beds showed that the bed consolidation behavior can be divided into three regions. “Free‐bleeding” (O psig and negligible bleeder resistance to flow at the boundaries) during two‐dimensional resin flow leads to rapid decay in resin pressure. Comparison of the predicted results for the resin mass loss and the average final thickness per ply with experimentally determined values shows good agreement.
BBKNN: fast batch alignment of single cell transcriptomes (2019)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Programming voltage reduction in phase change cells with conventional structure (2011)

A new operation strategy has been proposed to reduce the programming voltage in RESET operation of phase change memory (PCM). The amorphous state generated after first pulse would restrict the current flowing through the phase change materials, increasing the heat efficiency. Thus, the amorphous state in the second pulse would increase. The accumulative amorphous state would cover the bottom electrode finally. Thus, RESET operation commences successfully. In new RESET operation strategy, the voltage pulse could consist of small amplitude and width voltage pulses (1V/35ns). The programming voltage is reduced with conventional structure, reducing costing on refining cell structure and power consumption.
Flux Creep in Hard Superconductors (1963)

Resistive states of hard superconductors have been investigated by tube magnetization and resistance measurements. The flux-creep theory of Anderson is very effective in accounting for the experimental observations reported herein. Resistive phenomena were observed in the presence of transport current density $J$ and magnetic field $B$ perpendicular to $J$. It is found that the whole spectrum of resistive states can be represented in terms of a single parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}=J(B+{B}_{0})$, where ${B}_{0}$ is a constant of the material. This parameter represents essentially the Lorentz force or the magnetic pressure gradient in the material. While a wide range of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ values is possible, under given experimental conditions superconductivity usually can not be maintained above a critical value. In tube magnetization, the critical value ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}$ is determined primarily by the rate with which the persistent current $J$ decays. If $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is raised beyond ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}$, $J$ decays rapidly and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ quickly falls near to ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}$. $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ continues to decrease slowly, but proportional to the logarithm of time as predicted by the theory. The observed temperature dependence of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}$ is accounted for by the theory. Discrete, stochastic changes in field anticipated from the motion of flux bundles have been detected through pickup coils placed in close proximity to the superconducting tube. In resistance measurements, voltages appearing across 3Nb-Zr wire samples were measured by supplying $J$ externally in the presence of a perpendicular field $H$. The voltage observed is interpreted as a manifestation of an uncompensated emf arising from flux creep. At a given temperature, voltage readings obtained over a wide range of $J$ and $H$ are found to be a function of $\ensuremath{\alpha}=J(H+{B}_{0})$ only. $V(\ensuremath{\alpha}, T)$ follows qualitatively a form expected from the theory. In resistance measurements, the critical value ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{p}$ is determined by the power dissipation in the material. If $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is raised beyond ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{p}$, thermal conduction lags the power dissipation and the sample undergoes a catastrophic transition to the normal state.
Classical late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis fibroblasts are deficient in lysosomal tripeptidyl peptidase I<sup>1</sup> (1999)

Tripeptidyl peptidase I (TPP-I) is a lysosomal enzyme that cleaves tripeptides from the N-terminus of polypeptides. A comparison of TPP-I amino acid sequences with sequences derived from an EST database suggested that TPP-I is identical to a pepstatin-insensitive carboxyl proteinase of unknown specificity which is mutated in classical late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL), a lysosomal storage disease. Both TPP-I and the carboxyl proteinase have an M(r) of about 46 kDa and are, or are predicted to be, resistant to inhibitors of the four major classes of proteinases. Fibroblasts from LINCL patients have less than 5% of the normal TPP-I activity. The activities of other lysosomal enzymes, including proteinases, are in the normal range. LINCL fibroblasts are also defective at degrading short polypeptides and this defect can be induced in normal fibroblasts by treatment with a specific inhibitor or TPP-I. These results suggest that the cell damage, especially neuronal, observed in LINCL results from the defective degradation and consequent lysosomal storage of small peptides.
Torque Harmonic Compensation in a Synchronous Reluctance Motor (2008)

The torque behavior of a synchronous reluctance motor [including the permanent magnet (PM) assisted configuration] is deeply analyzed. An analytical model is developed, showing the dependence of the torque ripple on the rotor geometry. The results of this model allow to individuate the position of the flux--barrier ends so as to minimize the torque ripple. In addition, the proposed strategy to minimize the ripple is not only based on a suitable choice of the flux--barrier ends, but this choice is combined with the adoption of a rotor formed by two different laminations. This strategy allows an optimal compensation of the torque harmonics so that a smooth torque is achieved. Some motor prototypes have been manufactured and tested in a suitable testing bench. The torque versus position characteristics have been measured at very low speed, to avoid a reduction of the high-order torque harmonics. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Characterization of mechanical and biochemical properties of developing embryonic tendon (2013)

Tendons have uniquely high tensile strength, critical to their function to transfer force from muscle to bone. When injured, their innate healing response results in aberrant matrix organization and functional properties. Efforts to regenerate tendon are challenged by limited understanding of its normal development. Consequently, there are few known markers to assess tendon formation and parameters to design tissue engineering scaffolds. We profiled mechanical and biological properties of embryonic tendon and demonstrated functional properties of developing tendon are not wholly reflected by protein expression and tissue morphology. Using force volume-atomic force microscopy, we found that nano- and microscale tendon elastic moduli increase nonlinearly and become increasingly spatially heterogeneous during embryonic development. When we analyzed potential biochemical contributors to modulus, we found statistically significant but weak correlation between elastic modulus and collagen content, and no correlation with DNA or glycosaminoglycan content, indicating there are additional contributors to mechanical properties. To investigate collagen cross-linking as a potential contributor, we inhibited lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen cross-linking, which significantly reduced tendon elastic modulus without affecting collagen morphology or DNA, glycosaminoglycan, and collagen content. This suggests that lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-linking plays a significant role in the development of embryonic tendon functional properties and demonstrates that changes in cross-links alter mechanical properties without affecting matrix content and organization. Taken together, these data demonstrate the importance of functional markers to assess tendon development and provide a profile of tenogenic mechanical properties that may be implemented in tissue engineering scaffold design to mechanoregulate new tendon regeneration.
Chromosomal evolution of the Canidae (1987)

The Giemsa banding patterns of seven canid species, including the grey wolf (Canis lupus), the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), the bush dog (Speothos venaticus), the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), the grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), the bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis), and the fennec (Fennecus zerda), are presented and compared. Relative to other members of Canidae, these species have high diploid complements (2n greater than 64) consisting of largely acrocentric chromosomes. They show a considerable degree of chromosome homoeology, but relative to the grey wolf, each species is either missing chromosomes or has unique chromosomal additions and rearrangements. Differences in chromosome morphology among the seven species were used to reconstruct their phylogenetic history. The results suggest that the South American canids are closely related to each other and are derived from a wolf-like progenitor. The fennec and the bat-eared fox seem to be recent derivatives of a lineage that branched early from the wolf-like canids and which also includes the grey fox.
Integrin-mediated Tyrosine Phosphorylation of SHPS-1 and Its Association with SHP-2 (1998)

SHPS-1 is a receptor-like glycoprotein that undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation and binds SHP-2, an Src homology 2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase, in response to various mitogens. Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and laminin also induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of SHPS-1 and its association with SHP-2. These responses were markedly reduced in cells overexpressing the Csk kinase or in cells that lack focal adhesion kinase or the Src family kinases Src or Fyn. However, unlike Src, focal adhesion kinase did not catalyze phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of SHPS-1 in vitro. Overexpression of a catalytically inactive SHP-2 markedly inhibited activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in response to fibronectin stimulation without affecting the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase or its interaction with the docking protein Grb2. Overexpression of wild-type SHPS-1 did not enhance fibronectin-induced activation of MAP kinase. These results indicate that the binding of integrins to the extracellular matrix induces tyrosine phosphorylation of SHPS-1 and its association with SHP-2, and that such phosphorylation of SHPS-1 requires both focal adhesion kinase and an Src family kinase. In addition to its role in receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated MAP kinase activation, SHP-2 may play an important role, partly through its interaction with SHPS-1, in the activation of MAP kinase in response to the engagement of integrins by the extracellular matrix.
[Selank and short peptides of Taftsin derivatives in regulation of adaptive behavior of animals in stress]. (2002)

Effects of 10 peptides, tuftsin and Selank derivatives upon behavior during emotional stress induced by conflict situation, were studied in Balb/c and C57BL/6 male mice with genetically determined opposite types of emotional stress reaction, in white male mice and in Wistar male rats divided into different groups according to the type of emotional reactivity. Positive effects of some peptides upon the adaptive behavior of animals in stress situation were demonstrated. Individual physiologically important effects depending on molecular structure of the peptides under study and/or their fragments, possible products of degradation, were revealed. The results obtained confirm the perspectives of aimed synthesis of peptides with definite pharmacological activity, which are not ksenobiotics and will have no side effects.
Distributed shared memory on IBM SP2 (2002)

Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) approach provides the illusion of a global shared address space by implementing a layer of shared memory abstraction on a physically distributed memory system. In this paper, we present DSM-SP2, a software distributed shared memory system built on IBM SP2, a distributed memory machine. DSM-SP2 is implemented completely in software as a set of user-level library routines on top of the AIX operating system without requiring any modifications to the operating system or any additional compiler support. The salient features of DSM-SP2 are: (i) it implements lazy release consistency model with hybrid coherence protocol to reduce the communication overheads; (ii) it allows multiple concurrent writers to minimize the effects of false-sharing; (iii) to reduce the DSM overheads and the idling time of processes, the DSM-SP2 implementation allows multiple processes per node; and (iv) it implements a new synchronization primitive called conditional lock acquire/release for effective simple producer-consumer type of synchronization. Detailed performance measurements for three benchmark programs namely, Water, Jacobi and Tomcatv are reported.
Formation of the isocyclic ring in chlorophyll (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of the isocyclic ring in chlorophyllMichael T. Cox, T. T. Howarth, Anthony H. Jackson, and George W. KennerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 5, 1232–1233Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01033a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01033a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts