gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phytosterol Content in American Ginseng Seed Oil (2002)

North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) oil was saponifed and the unsaponifiable matter trimethylsilylated. The phytosterol fraction of hexane-extracted, air-dried seed was quantified and identified by GC and GC-MS. Phytosterol contents (milligrams per 100 g of oil) were as follows: squalene (514-569), oxidosqualene (8.97-48.2), campesterol (9.96-12.4), stigmasterol (93.2-113), clerosterol (1.91-2.14), beta-sitosterol (153-186), beta-amyrin (11.7-19.5), delta(5)-avenasterol (12.4-20.5), delta(5,24(25))-stigmasterol (3.70-.76), lupeol (14.4-15.2), delta(7)-sitosterol (12.5-14.6), delta(7)-avenasterol (4.11-8.09), 24-methylenecycloartanol (1.94-4.76), and citrostadienol (2.50-3.81). Seed stratification lowered the phytosterol levels. Oven-drying gave mixed results, and phytosterols varied slightly between the 1999 and 2000 harvests.
A flexible multiple sequence alignment program (1988)

The 'regions' method for multisequence alignment used in the previously reported program MALIGN has been generalized to include recursive refinement so that unaligned portions between two regions at the current level of resolution can be handled with increased resolution. Additionally, there is incorporated a limiting of the number of regions to be used at any level of resolution from which to abstract an alignment. This provides a significant increase in speed over the unlimited version. The program GENALIGN uses this improved regions method to execute fast pairwise alignments in the framework of Taylor's multisequence alignment procedure using clustered pairwise alignments. Pairwise alignments by dynamic programming are also provided in the program.
Applying POMDPs to dialog systems in the troubleshooting domain (2007)

This paper reports on progress applying partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) to a commercial dialog domain: troubleshooting. In the troubleshooting domain, a spoken dialog system helps a user to fix a product such as a failed DSL connection. Past work has argued that a POMDP is a principled approach to building spoken dialog systems in the simpler slot-filling domain; this paper explains how the POMDPs formulation can be extended to the more complex troubleshooting domain. Results from dialog simulation verify that a POMDP outperforms a handcrafted baseline.
<i>In vivo</i> efficacy of the recombinant anti‐CD64 immunotoxin H22(scFv)‐ETA′ in a human acute myeloid leukemia xenograft tumor model (2010)

Target-specific acute myeloid leukemia (AML) immunotherapy requires selective cell-surface antigens on AML blast cells. CD64 is a promising candidate antigen because it is abundantly expressed on monocytoid differentiated AML subtypes. In previous studies, a chemically linked full-length anti-CD64 immunotoxin based on ricin A showed promising results in several animal models, but further development has been hindered by its substantial, dose-limiting off-target effects. We recently constructed the recombinant immunotoxin H22(scFv)-ETA', comprising a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) and a humanized scFv antibody against CD64. This molecule was shown to kill CD64(+) AML-derived tumor cell lines and primary patient-derived AML cells specifically, both in vitro and ex vivo. Here we describe the in vivo efficiency of H22(scFv)-ETA' in the U937/SCID mouse xenograft model for human AML, by providing immunohistochemical evidence for the elimination of human CD64(+) tumor cells in mouse organs. H22(scFv)-ETA' showed potent antitumor activity against myeloid tumor cells and significantly prolonged the overall survival of AML xenograft animals. In conclusion, H22(scFv)-ETA' is efficacious against AML with monocytoid differentiation in vitro and in animal models in vivo, providing the basis for a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AML patients.
Head diffraction compensated stereo system with loudspeaker array (1995)

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Retinal Organoids from Pluripotent Stem Cells Efficiently Recapitulate Retinogenesis (2016)

The plasticity of pluripotent stem cells provides new possibilities for studying development, degeneration, and regeneration. Protocols for the differentiation of retinal organoids from embryonic stem cells have been developed, which either recapitulate complete eyecup morphogenesis or maximize photoreceptor genesis. Here, we have developed a protocol for the efficient generation of large, 3D-stratified retinal organoids that does not require evagination of optic-vesicle-like structures, which so far limited the organoid yield. Analysis of gene expression in individual organoids, cell birthdating, and interorganoid variation indicate efficient, reproducible, and temporally regulated retinogenesis. Comparative analysis of a transgenic reporter for PAX6, a master regulator of retinogenesis, shows expression in similar cell types in mouse in vivo, and in mouse and human retinal organoids. Early or late Notch signaling inhibition forces cell differentiation, generating organoids enriched with cone or rod photoreceptors, respectively, demonstrating the power of our improved organoid system for future research in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
Production of Transgenic Rats via Lentiviral Transduction and Xenogeneic Transplantation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells1 (2008)

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) continue to proliferate in the testis to support spermatogenesis throughout life, which makes them ideal targets for germline modification. Although recent success in the production of transgenic and knockout animals using SSCs has opened up new experimental possibilities, several problems, including the low efficiency of germ cell transplantation and poor fertility rates, remain to be resolved. In the present study, we took advantage of the xenogeneic transplantation to resolve these problems. Rat SSCs were transduced in vitro with a lentiviral vector that expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), and then transplanted into the testes of immunodeficient mice. The transduced rat SSCs produced EGFP-expressing spermatogenic cells, and microinsemination using these cells was used to produce transgenic rats, which stably transmitted the transgene to the next generation. Thus, xenogeneic transplantation is a powerful strategy for transgenesis, and smaller xenogeneic surrogates can be used for male germline modification using SSCs.
Surface acoustic wave technology and applications (1990)

Since the advent of the interdigital transduction for efficient transducer of surface acoustic waves (SAW), SAW devices have provided a key technology for communication and signal processing systems. In order to obtain the required electrical terminal characteristics, a diverse number of SAW components have evolved. Some of these components include bidirectional and unidirectional transducers, couplers, beam compressors, waveguides, and reflectors. The various SAW components are monolithically integrated, using processors similar to those for integrated circuits, on a piezoelectric substrate to produce dispersive filters, linear phase filters, resonators, convolvers, and correlators. These devices are manufactured for a wide variety of applications which include TV-IF, cable TV, VCRs, fiber optic repeaters, radar, spread spectrum receivers, cellular radio, sensors, and a variety of communication receiver applications. The technological innovations and operation of the primary SAW components will be discussed. The presentation will focus on component implementations, their operation, and their most significant parameters. A review of some of the key developments of SAW technology and their applications will also be presented.
Efficient scheduling of fine grain parallelism in loops (1993)

This paper presents a new technique for software pipelining using the Petri nets. Our technique called the Petri Net Pacemaker (PNP) can create near optimal pipelines with less algorithmic effort than other techniques. The pacemaker is a novel idea which exploits the behavior of Petri nets to model the problem of scheduling operations of a loop body for software pipelining. >
Vertical Pathway Inhibition Overcomes Adaptive Feedback Resistance to KRASG12C Inhibition (2019)

These data identify feedback reactivation of wild-type RAS as a key mechanism of adaptive resistance to KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> inhibitors and highlight the potential importance of vertical inhibition strategies to enhance the clinical efficacy of KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> inhibitors.<i>See related commentary by Yaeger and Solit, p. 1538</i>.
Structure of Poly- -hydroxybutyric Acid Granules (1964)

Summary: A membrane surrounding poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules isolated from both Bacillus cereus and B. megaterium has been demonstrated by the carbon-replica technique and electron microscopy. Some general features and properties of both the membrane and PHB granules are discussed.
Survival of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> in Serum Involves Removal of Iron from Transferrin: the Role of Siderophores (2004)

Aspergillus fumigatus is a filamentous fungus which can cause invasive disease in immunocompromised individuals. A. fumigatus can grow in medium containing up to 80% human serum, despite very low concentrations of free iron. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism by which A. fumigatus obtains iron from the serum iron-binding protein transferrin. In iron-depleted minimal essential medium (MEM), A. fumigatus growth was supported by the addition of holotransferrin (holoTf) or FeCl(3) but not by the addition of apotransferrin (apoTf). Proteolytic degradation of transferrin by A. fumigatus occurred in MEM-serum; however, transferrin degradation did not occur until late logarithmic phase. Moreover, transferrin was not degraded by A. fumigatus incubated in MEM-holoTf. Urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that in MEM-holoTf, holoTf was completely converted to apoTf by A. fumigatus. In human serum, all of the monoferric transferrin was converted to apoTf within 8 h. Siderophores were secreted by A. fumigatus after 8 h of growth in MEM-serum and 12 h in MEM-holoTf. The involvement of small molecules in iron acquisition was confirmed by the fact that transferrin was deferrated by A. fumigatus even when physically separated by a 12-kDa-cutoff membrane. Five siderophores were purified from A. fumigatus culture medium, and the two major siderophores were identified as triacetylfusarinine C and ferricrocin. Both triacetylfusarinine C and ferricrocin removed iron from holoTf with an affinity comparable to that of ferrichrome. These data indicate that A. fumigatus survival in human serum in vitro involves siderophore-mediated removal of iron from transferrin. Proteolytic degradation of transferrin may play a secondary role in iron acquisition.
Cord blood transplants: potential utility and potential limitations. (1992)

Cord blood has been utilized successfully for the hematopoietic reconstitution of children with lethal disorders of hematopoiesis, as an alternative to marrow derived stem cells. The majority of the transplants performed to date have utilized umbilical cord blood from HLA-identical siblings, however, much of the interest in this modality is due to its potential as a source of readily available unrelated stem cells. Cord blood offers intriguing theoretical advantages over the use of unrelated bone marrow, but additionally suffers from several limitations as well. This review is intended to highlight a number of these issues, rather than to serve as a detailed review of the clinical experience with cord blood transplantation to date.
A sinusoidal voice over packet coder tailored for the frame-erasure channel (2005)

A speech coder tailored especially for the frame-erasure channel-the sinusoidal voice over packet coder (SVOPC)-is proposed. Based on a classified approach, avoiding interframe coding techniques, and synthesizing its output from slowly varying parameters, the coder is inherently robust to packet loss. SVOPC is based on quasi-harmonic modeling of the linear prediction (LP) residual. Both the sinusoidal amplitudes and phases are explicitly encoded using new methods based on Gaussian mixture models. A wide-band (16-kHz sampling frequency) implementation of the coder provides synthesized speech of good subjective quality at around 20 kbps. SVOPC is evaluated by means of subjective listening tests, and compared to a reference system based on G.722.2 (the AMR wide-band codec). Under frame erasure conditions (5%-30% frame erasures generated according to a Gilbert model), SVOPC clearly outperforms G.722.2.
Executive Development Programmes - Requirements and Success Factors (2012)

The article deals with the requirements placed on Executive Development Programmes (EDPs) and their success factors. Executives belong to the top and upper management of companies who see the organization as a unit and not the individual function areas in the foreground. EDPs seek qualification that goes beyond the skills of their current activities, they offer practical state-of-the-art training to acquire new techniques, and they benefit from the experience of other participants. Further education institutions have to satisfy the demand for teaching technical, conceptual and social skills in compliance with the requirements of the learning process and type of content. Selection criteria for an alternative training or a specific school are, in general, content, target group and existing own resources. Using a practice-induced model, interdependent success factors of EDPs were identified such as provider quality, experiential learning and internationality, applied approach and environmental conditions.
Graphene in 3‐dimensions: Towards graphite origami (1995)

The systematic construction of graphite structures (for example see Figure and Cover picture) is within reach. These structures are formed accidentally on the surface of HOPG graphite due to the friction exerted by the tip of an atomic force microscope but could also be designed “to order”. The origin of the structures and various approaches for their design are discussed. magnified image
Adaptive digital communication receivers (2000)

We present a tutorial review of adaptive signal processing applied to a digital communication receiver operating in a nonstationary environment. The topics covered include feedforward and recurrent neural networks and their applications to communication systems. The article also includes a discussion of turbo decoding, which involves a form of recurrent learning. It concludes with a discussion of the various aspects of adaptive signal processing as they relate to digital communication receivers.
Atomic layer deposition of conformal dielectric and protective coatings for released micro-electromechanical devices (2003)

This paper describes a novel fabrication approach using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of dielectric materials to protect and coat released MEMS devices. The nature of ALD film ensures coverage on all sides of a released MEMS device and is done at a relatively low temperature (down to 150/spl deg/C). The ALD film thickness can be precisely controlled as each reaction cycle deposits approximately one monolayer of atoms. To demonstrate the concept of conformal layer deposition, alumina (Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) was deposited onto released MEMS devices prior to electrostatic testing. Curvature and increase in beam stiffness for coated MEMS devices were investigated.
Plasma-enhanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition of high purity copper thin films using plasma reactor with the H atom source (1999)

In situ Fourier-transform infrared measurements have been carried out to study the effects of H atoms on removing impurities in Cu thin films during plasma enhanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition (PEMOCVD) using bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato) copper (II), Cu(hfac)2 as a source material. The results show that H atoms are very effective in removing impurities in the film, as well as on its surface. Based on such knowledge regarding the effects of H atoms, a PEMOCVD reactor equipped with an H atom source is developed to control both densities of H atoms and Cu-contained radicals independently. High purity (≈100%) Cu films of a low resistivity of 2 μΩ cm can be deposited for a H2 gas volume fraction of 50%–67% by using the H atom source, while the high purity films were obtained only for a very high H2 gas volume fraction above about 90% in the case of no H atom source as reported previously. This feature opens up a possibility of deposition of high quality Cu films at a high rate using the reactor equipped with the H atom source, since a gas volume fraction of Cu metal organic material can be increased by more than five times.
Advanced approach for automatic PRPD pattern recognition in monitoring of HV assets (2010)

This paper deals with progress in automatic approach for phase resolved partial discharge (PRPD) pattern recognition to be applied in the monitoring of HV equipment. To define classes of defects generating partial discharges (PD), a combination of scalar and vector features is proposed. The feature generation, extraction, selection and classification based on the comprehensive analysis of PRPD patterns are performed. The most important features are indicated by PD human experts and automatic knowledge extraction methods are applied. In particular, statistics, object and shape analysis, as well as fractals and wavelet analysis are taken into account. For the feature selection and reduction, different linear and non-linear methods are investigated by using supervised cluster analysis. This permits to choose the most relevant features for classification. Several classification schemes including statistical model, linear and nonlinear classifiers are evaluated in order to distinguish PRPD patterns in the feature space. The pattern recognition approach is verified on PRPD patterns derived from laboratory and field PD measurements performed on HV XLPE cables and rotating machines. The correlation with PD human experts' interpretation of such patterns was also evaluated.
Characterization of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor: vasodilator profile and decreased vascular sensitivity in hypertensive rats. (1984)

Synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) relaxed agonist-induced tone in rabbit aortic rings as well as intrinsic, myogenic contractions in the isolated rabbit facial vein (IC50s = 0.1 to 5 nM). Tissues depolarized by high levels of K+ were refractory to ANF. A similar profile was obtained with extracts of rat atria and with sodium nitroprusside (NaNP) but not other vasodilators. Aortas from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were significantly less sensitive to the relaxant effects of ANF (and NaNP) than were aortas from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. However, atrial extracts from SHR were more effective than WKY rat atrial extracts in relaxing normotensive aortic rings. Radioimmunoassay analysis confirmed a small increase in ANF immunoreactive material in SHR compared with WKY rat atria. The similar vascular profile for both ANF and NaNP suggests that these agents share a common mechanism of action. A reduced end organ responsiveness in SHR may lead to an increased atrial content of ANF in these animals.
Microwave Image Reconstruction From 3-D Fields Coupled to 2-D Parameter Estimation (2004)

An efficient Gauss-Newton iterative imaging technique utilizing a three-dimensional (3-D) field solution coupled to a two-dimensional (2-D) parameter estimation scheme (3-D/2-D) is presented for microwave tomographic imaging in medical applications. While electromagnetic wave propagation is described fully by a 3-D vector field, a 3-D scalar model has been applied to improve the efficiency of the iterative reconstruction process with apparently limited reduction in accuracy. In addition, the image recovery has been restricted to 2-D but is generalizable to three dimensions. Image artifacts related primarily to 3-D effects are reduced when compared with results from an entirely two-dimensional inversion (2-D/2-D). Important advances in terms of improving algorithmic efficiency include use of a block solver for computing the field solutions and application of the dual mesh scheme and adjoint approach for Jacobian construction. Methods which enhance the image quality such as the log-magnitude/unwrapped phase minimization were also applied. Results obtained from synthetic measurement data show that the new 3-D/2-D algorithm consistently outperforms its 2-D/2-D counterpart in terms of reducing the effective imaging slice thickness in both permittivity and conductivity images over a range of inclusion sizes and background medium contrasts.
DCT coefficients recovery-based error concealment technique and its application to the MPEG-2 bit stream error (1997)

This paper presents a novel error concealment technique based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients recovery and its application to the MPEG-2 bit stream error. Assuming a smoothness constraint on image intensity, an object function which describes the intersample variations at the boundaries of the lost block and the adjacent blocks is defined, and the corrupted DCT coefficients are recovered by solving a linear equation. Our approach can be regarded as a special case of Wang et al.'s (1991). However, we show that the linear equation in the proposed algorithm can be decomposed into four independent subequations, requiring much lower computational load and simpler hardware structure than existing algorithms, while providing adequate performances. To develop a generic error concealment (EC) system, the blocks corrupted by the random bit errors are identified by a multistage error detection algorithm. Thus, the proposed EC system can be applied to more realistic environments, such as concealment of random bit error in MPEG-2 bit stream. Computer simulation results show that the quality of a recovered image is significantly improved even at a bit error rate as high as 10/sup -5/.
Probiotics for Management of Periodontal Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy? (2012)

–Probiotics are live microrganisms administered in adequate amounts with beneficial health effects on the host. The use of probiotics is widespread in the management of systemic infections and disease. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of probiotics in the field of Dentistry, particularly Periodontics. This article reviews the role of probiotics for management of periodontal diseases and explores its potential as a novel treatment strategy. Keywords––probiotics, periodontal disease, lactobacillus, bifidobacterium
Real-Time High-Resolution Background Matting (2020)

We introduce a real-time, high-resolution background replacement technique which operates at 30fps in 4K resolution, and 60fps for HD on a modern GPU. Our technique is based on background matting, where an additional frame of the background is captured and used in recovering the alpha matte and the foreground layer. The main challenge is to compute a high-quality alpha matte, preserving strand-level hair details, while processing high-resolution images in real-time. To achieve this goal, we employ two neural networks; a base network computes a low-resolution result which is refined by a second network operating at high-resolution on selective patches. We introduce two largescale video and image matting datasets: VideoMatte240K and PhotoMatte13K/85. Our approach yields higher quality results compared to the previous state-of-the-art in background matting, while simultaneously yielding a dramatic boost in both speed and resolution.