gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corporate Directories: a step towards a Global Directory (1990)

Although electronic mail was the starting point for X.500, the author found that the real problems requiring immediate attention within British Telecom (BT) were rather different. This work led to the specification of what has become known as a Corporate Directory System which would conform to X.500 and provide services to many different users. Having failed to find anything remotely like it on the market, he became the founder member of a unit in BT; Directory Products Unit, which has been developing electronic Corporate Directory Systems for 2 years and has recently announced its first products for external sale. The paper describes BT's philosophy and views on X.500. >
Gasification of silicone fluids under external thermal radiation. Part I. Gasification rate and global heat of gasification (1998)

Transient gasification rates and fluid temperatures were measured for polydimethylsiloxane fluids ranging in viscosity from 0.65 cS to 60 000 cS in a nitrogen atmosphere at external radiant fluxes from 20 kW/m2 to 70 kW/m2. A detailed energy balance for each fluid sample was conducted to determine its global heat of vaporization. Two major energy loss corrections were identified and quantified. The absorption of incident radiation by the volatile products from short chain oligomers was measured and found to substantially reduce the incident flux to the sample surface; the energy loss due to re-radiation was determined to be a substantial factor in reducing the net heat flux to the sample for long chain length fluids. Other energy losses, e.g. heat loss to the substrate, were observed but were less significant. The average gasification rate for each fluid increased linearly with increasing external radiant flux. The global heat of gasification increases with an increase in the chain length (molecular weight) for the siloxane oligomers. These agreed well with calculated values. The global heat of gasification for 50 cS fluid is about 1200 kJ/kg and its value remains nearly constant for all higher molecular weight dimethylsiloxanes. Pyrolysis rates for siloxane fluids are very sensitive to trace catalysts. Measurements of the global heat of gasification for ultra-clean polymers resulted in significantly higher values (3000 kJ/kg). The gasification of siloxanes occurs via two modes or combinations thereof: (1) volatilization of molecular species native to the polymer, and (2) volatilization of thermal degradation products. The former process dominates for low molecular weight siloxanes (η<10 cS) and the latter process dominates for high molecular weight siloxanes (η>1000 cS). For the intermediate molecular weight siloxanes, both volatilization and degradation processes occur. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new IEEE 802.11 DCF utilizing freezing experiences in backoff interval and its saturation throughput (2010)

IEEE 802.11 defines distributed coordination function (DCF), which is characterized by CSMA/CA and binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm. Most modifications on DCF so far have focused on updating of the contention window (CW) size depending on the outcome of own frame transmission without considering freezing periods experienced in the backoff interval. We propose two simple but novel schemes which effectively utilize the number of freezing periods sensed during the current backoff interval. The proposed schemes can be applied to DCF and its family, such as double increment double decrement (DIDD). Saturation throughput of the proposed schemes is analyzed by means of Bianchi's Markovian model. Computer simulation validates the accuracy of the analysis. Numerical results based on IEEE 802.11b show that up to about 20% improvement of saturation throughput can be achieved by combining the proposed scheme with conventional schemes when applied to the basic access procedure.
Soft Material-Enabled, Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Medicine, Healthcare, and Human-Machine Interfaces (2018)

Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE), designed in wearable and implantable configurations, have enormous applications in advanced healthcare, rapid disease diagnostics, and persistent human-machine interfaces. Soft, contoured geometries and time-dynamic deformation of the targeted tissues require high flexibility and stretchability of the integrated bioelectronics. Recent progress in developing and engineering soft materials has provided a unique opportunity to design various types of mechanically compliant and deformable systems. Here, we summarize the required properties of soft materials and their characteristics for configuring sensing and substrate components in wearable and implantable devices and systems. Details of functionality and sensitivity of the recently developed FHE are discussed with the application areas in medicine, healthcare, and machine interactions. This review concludes with a discussion on limitations of current materials, key requirements for next generation materials, and new application areas.
Apoptosis and proliferation of dentate gyrus neurons after single and intermittent limbic seizures (1997)

Neuronal apoptosis was observed in the rat dentate gyrus in two experimental models of human limbic epilepsy. Five hours after one hippocampal kindling stimulation, a marked increase of in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) of fragmented DNA was observed in nuclei located within and on the hilar border of the granule cell layer and in the polymorphic region. Forty kindling stimulations with 5-min interval produced higher numbers of labeled nuclei compared with one stimulation. The increase of TUNEL-positive nuclei was prevented by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide but not affected by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801. Kainic acid-induced seizures lead to a pattern of labeling in the hippocampal formation identical to that evoked by kindling. A large proportion of cells displaying TUNEL-positive nuclei was double-labeled by the neuron-specific antigen NeuN, demonstrating the neuronal identity of apoptotic cells. Either 1 or 40 kindling stimulations also gave rise to a marked increase of the number of cells double-labeled with the mitotic marker bromodeoxyuridine and NeuN in the subgranular zone and on the hilar border of the dentate granule cell layer. The present data show that single and intermittent, brief seizures induce both apoptotic death and proliferation of dentate gyrus neurons. We hypothesize that these processes, occurring early during epileptogenesis, are primary events in the development of hippocampal pathology in animals and possibly also in patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy.
Effect of Pressure on Morphology of the Grown Layers of Carbon Nanotubes by Modified Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (2005)

Abstract Synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by a modified PECVD method under controlled pressure is reported. This modified tip‐plate configuration allows one to investigate the effect of low and subatmospheric pressures on the morphology of the grown layers of nanotubes, which in turn simplifies the fabrication procedure. Using this method we have realized CNIs on silicon substrates at a temperature of 700°C and gas pressures ranging from 10 torr to 400 torr. Tube diameter varies with the gas pressure and ranges from 25 nm to 250 nm in different samples. The density and preferred growth of CNTs increases essentially with the gas pressure. By controlling the gas pressure, CNTs have been realized in large quantities. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been employed to study the morphology of the grown layers.
CORD-a WDM optical network: control mechanism using subcarrier multiplexing and novel synchronization solutions (2002)

Stanford University is implementing and investigating CORD, a 2.488 Gb/s//spl lambda/ WDM ATM packet-switched network experiment. CORD performs optical contention resolution at the receiver using optical switches and delay lines. CORD uses the multichannel subcarrier multiplexing (MSCM) technique to transmit the control channel and the payload data on the same wavelength and an ultra-fast clock recovery technique to synchronize the received control packets in every slot. We have experimentally shown that CORD incurs an MSCM penalty of 2.2 dB. In addition, we have demonstrated that the clock recovery scheme performs clock acquisition within 4 preamble bits with a penalty of 1 dB.
Active Cyber Attack Model for Network System's Vulnerability Assessment (2008)

In this paper, we architected active cyber attack model for assessing network system's vulnerability. As simulating cyber attack model in network system, we can identify the weakest point and inspect security policy. It also improved the capability of information collection and attack action, as using autonomous agents. Attack action agents which introduced attack a set of sequence number can reduce transmission overhead and hide attack scenario's information. We built attack scenario for attack process and technique of attack action agents. It is composed of attack pattern and tree. Action controller uses node's attack success percent(ASP) to choose the second best attack scenario after the first attack was failed. ASP is calculated with the ratio of all achieved events until the sub-node over all nodes of the attack tree.
HIV Nef and Vpu protect HIV-infected CD4+ T cells from antibody-mediated cell lysis through down-modulation of CD4 and BST2 (2014)

Our data unveil a mechanism by which HIV Nef and Vpu function synergistically to protect infected cells from ADCC and promote viral persistence. These findings also renew the potential practical relevance of ADCC function in vivo.
Temporary laser damage threshold enhancement by laser conditioning of antireflection-coated glass (1987)

Laser irradiation at fluences below the damage threshold level of antireflection-coated BK7 (grade A borosilicate crown glass) samples temporarily increases the measured laser-induced damage threshold by about 40%. Because the surface damage threshold is sensitive to the irradiation history, it is necessary to control the test procedure to ensure reproducible and accurate measurements. Preliminary results indicate that adsorption of water is a principal factor involved in the deactivation of the conditioning enhanced laser damage thresholds.
Identification of Rv3230c as the NADPH Oxidoreductase of a Two-Protein DesA3 Acyl-CoA Desaturase in<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>H37Rv (2006)

DesA3 is a membrane-bound stearoyl-CoA Delta(9)-desaturase that produces oleic acid, a precursor of mycobacterial membrane phospholipids and triglycerides. The sequence of DesA3 is homologous with those of other membrane desaturases, including the presence of the eight-His motif proposed to bind the diiron center active site. This family of desaturases function as multicomponent complexes and thus require electron transfer proteins for efficient catalytic turnover. Here we present evidence that Rv3230c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv is a biologically relevant electron transfer partner for DesA3 from the same pathogen. For these studies, Rv3230c was expressed as a partially soluble protein in Escherichia coli; recombinant DesA3 was expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis as a catalytically active membrane protein. The addition of E. coli lysates containing Rv3230c to lysates of M. smegmatis expressing DesA3 gave strong conversion of [1-(14)C]-18:0-CoA to [1-(14)C]-cis-Delta(9)-18:1-CoA and of [1-(14)C]-16:0-CoA to [1-(14)C]-cis-Delta(9)-16:1-CoA. Both M. tuberculosis proteins were required for reconstitution of activity, as various combinations of control lysates lacking either Rv3230c or DesA3 gave minimal or no activity. Furthermore, the specificity of interaction between Rv3230c and DesA3 was implied by the inability of other related redox systems to substitute for Rv3230c. The reconstituted activity was dependent upon the presence of NADPH, could be saturated by increasing the amount of Rv3230c added, and was also sensitive to the salt concentration in the buffer. The results are consistent with the formation of a protein-protein complex, possibly with electrostatic character. This work defines a multiprotein, acyl-CoA desaturase complex from M. tuberculosis H37Rv to minimally consist of a soluble Rv3230c reductase and integral membrane DesA3 desaturase. Further implications of this finding relative to the properties of other multiprotein iron-enzyme complexes are discussed.
Effect of PEGDA on the Characteristics of Blend Membrane for Li Cell and PEMFC (2002)

We have fabricated a poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)/poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate)(PEGDA) blend membranes incorporated with liquid electrolyte for Li rechargeable batteries. We developed PVdF/PEGDA/Nafion blend for proton membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). UV or thermally cured PEGDA improved cycle performance of Li cells at high temperature by increasing thermal stability of PVdF and enhanced proton conductivity of Nafion/PVdF blend membrane by increased water retention. The Li cell capacity of PVdF/PEGDA reached 120 mAh/g, and ternary blend membrane for PEMFC showed maximum power of 350 mW/cm 2 .
Simple and flexible detection of contiguous repeats using a suffix tree (1998)

We study the problem of detecting all occurrences of (primitive) tandem repeats and tandem arrays in a string. We first give a simple time- and space-optimal algorithm to find all tandem repeats, and then modify it to become a time and space-optimal algorithm for finding only the primitive tandem repeats. Both of these algorithms are then extended to handle tandem arrays. The contribution of this paper is both pedagogical and practical, giving simple algorithms and implementations based on a suffix tree, using only standard tree traversal techniques.
A fractographic analysis of <i>in vivo</i> poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement failure mechanisms (1990)

Cementing with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a common means of fixing total hip prostheses. Bone cement fails mechanically, and subsequent loosening frequently requires correction via revision surgery. An initial step in optimizing bone cement properties is to establish which properties are critical to the material's in vivo performance. The objectives were to discern the critical in vivo failure mechanisms of bone cement. Fracture surfaces of bone cement specimens that failed in vivo were compared with fatigue and rapid fracture surfaces created in vitro. In vivo fracture processes of bone cement were positively identified and explained by the elucidation of PMMA fracture micromechanisms. The ex vivo fracture surfaces are remarkably similar to in vitro fatigue fracture surfaces. The fractographic data document that the primary in vivo failure mechanism of bone cement is fatigue, and the fatigue cracks grow by developing a microcraze shower damage zone. Agglomerates of BaSO4 particles can be implicated in some bone cement failures, large flaws or voids in vivo can lead to a rapid, unstable fracture, pores in the PMMA mass have a clear influence on a propagating crack, and wear of the fracture surfaces occurs, and may produce PMMA debris, exacerbating bone destruction.
A New Fiber-Optic-Based Multifrequency Phase-Modulation Fluorometer (1988)

A new fiber-optic-based fluorescence lifetime instrument is described which is useful for the study of complex fluorescence decay kinetics. The new instrument consists of a multifrequency phase fluorometer coupled to a fiber-optic probe. To demonstrate the power of the new instrument, we show results for the unequivocal resolution of single, double, and triple exponential decays of fluorescence. In addition, spectral coverage in the ultraviolet and visible regions is possible, and lifetimes from approximately 200 ns to 150 ps are easily determined for samples as dilute as 0.1 μM.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Substituted Prolines from δ-Amino β-Ketoesters. Methyl (2<i>S</i>,5<i>R</i>)-(+)-5-Phenylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylate (2002)

[reaction: see text]. Metal carbenoid chemistry is used to convert delta-amino beta-ketoesters into 5-substituted 3-oxo prolines, which expands the utility of this class of polyfunctionalized chiral building blocks.
Methacrylic Acid and Derivatives (2003)

Abstract Methacrylic acid (MAA) and its derivatives exhibit a rich array of chemistries and have found wide use in commercial applications, especially as monomers for making various types of polymer products. The predominant manufacturing route to the two simplest methacrylates continues to be via the conversion of acetonecyanohydrin (ACH) in sulfuric acid to methacrylamide followed by either hydrolysis to MAA or esterification with methanol to give methyl methacrylate (MMA). Alternative routes have reached or are now approaching commercialization. These include processes based on either ethylene (C‐2), propylene (C‐3), methylacetylene (C‐3), or isobutylene (C‐4) feedstocks, as well as a separate ACH process which does not involve sulfuric acid. The later route, which starts with catalyzed hydration of ACH to hydroxyisobutyramide followed by esterification and dehydration steps to MMA, has an added benefit of recycling HCN as a raw material. The ethylene‐based routes typically involve formaldehyde condensation on either a propionaldehyde or propionic acid intermediate. The isobutylene‐based routes involve oxidation processes to reach the methacrylate backbone, often passing through methacrolein as an intermediate. The propylene‐based routes typically involve isobutyric acid or isobutyraldehyde intermediates. The methylacetylene‐based process appears to be the most selective overall, where a single reaction with carbon monoxide and methanol leads directly to MMA. All of the synthetic routes require various types of catalysts to promote the separate steps involved. In addition to providing more details on each of these processes, the following article also provides information on volumes, costs, health and safety for methacrylic acid and its derivatives.
Viscoelastic and thermal properties of linseed oil-based ceramer coatings (2000)

Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was used to determine the crosslink density and glass transition temperature of various ceramer coatings. The metal-oxide ceramer coatings were developed using linseed oil as the organic phase with titanium isopropoxide, and zirconium propoxide as the inorganic sol-gel precursors. The viscoelastic characteristics and tensile properties were investigated as a function of sol-gel precursor type and content. The phase morphology, and thermal decomposition of these ceramer coatings were evaluated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The sol-gel precursor type and content were found to effect the crosslink density, glass transition temperature, and tensile modulus. The morphology of these ceramer coatings was found to primarily depend on sol-gel precursor concentration. TGA revealed that the thermal history of the ceramer coatings also depended on sol-gel precursor concentration.
Biomass Byproducts for the Remediation of Wastewaters Contaminated with Toxic Metals (2001)

Pollution of the environment with toxic metals is widespread and often involves large volumes of wastewater. Remediation strategies must be designed to support high throughput while keeping costs to a minimum. Biosorption is presented as an alternative to traditional physicochemical means for removing toxic metals from wastewater. We have investigated the metal binding qualities of two biomass byproducts that are commercially available in quantity and at low cost, namely "spillage", a dried yeast and plant mixture from the production of ethanol from corn, and ground corn cobs used in animal feeds. The biomass materials effectively removed toxic metals, such as Cu, Cs, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn, even in the presence of competing metals likely to be found in sulfide mine tailing ponds. The effectiveness of these biosorbents was demonstrated using samples from the Berkeley Pit in Montana. Investigations included column chromatography and slurry systems, and linear distribution coefficients are presented. X-ray spectroscopy was used to identify the binding sites for metals adsorbed to the spillage material. The results of our experiments demonstrate that the biosorption of metals from wastewaters using biomass byproducts is a viable and cost-effective technology that should be included in process evaluations.
Trivalent Attenuated Cold-Adapted Influenza Virus Vaccine: Reduced Viral Shedding and Serum Antibody Responses in Susceptible Adults (1993)

Trivalent cold-adapted recombinant (CR) influenza virus vaccines containing types A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B viruses were evaluated in two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Susceptible adults were randomly assigned to receive the following vaccines by intranasal drops 1 month apart: two doses of trivalent vaccine, bivalent CR influenza A (Bi A) vaccine followed by monovalent B (Mono B) vaccine or vice versa, or two doses of placebo. All vaccines were well tolerated. Shedding of each of the three vaccine viruses was reduced after the first dose of trivalent vaccine compared with primary vaccination with Bi A or Mono B. Shedding was also reduced after second vaccinations, whether homologous (trivalent-trivalent) or heterologous (Bi A/Mono B or Mono B/Bi A). Reduced viral shedding was associated with reduced serum antibody responses. Thus, both simultaneous and sequential inoculations of susceptible adults with CR influenza vaccine viruses result in reduced viral shedding and serum antibody responses.
A ROI quality adjustable rate control scheme for low bitrate video coding (2009)

This paper proposed a novel Region of Interest (ROI) based rate control algorithm for video communication systems, in which the subjective quality of ROI can be adjusted according to users' requirements. In the proposed scheme, in order to analyze the relationship between subjective quality and encoding parameters, a structural similarity index map - quantization parameter (SSIM-QP) model is established. Through this relation, the possible visual quality range of ROI is defined according to the range of ROI QP, which is predicted by rate control algorithm. Then, with interest levels being identified within the visual quality range, resources allocated to ROI is determined. Finally, considering both the quality of ROI and the entire frame, resource allocation is slightly adjusted. Experimental results demonstrate that the subjective visual quality of ROI in our proposed scheme can be adjustable improved compared to the existing rate control algorithms.
Durée de vie, génétique et axe somatotrope (2006)

Longtemps descriptive, la recherche sur le vieillissement a profondement change depuis la decouverte de genes regulant la duree de vie. Isoles en criblant le genome de simples nematodes, la plupart de ces genes appartiennent a une voie de signalisation hautement conservee au cours de l’evolution. Leurs orthologues chez les vertebres sont les familles des genes de l’insuline, de l’insulin-like growth factor (IGF) et de leurs voies de signalisation. Tres etudies et connus pour leurs roles dans la proliferation, la differenciation, la survie cellulaire et le metabolisme intermediaire, on decouvre maintenant leurs multiples fonctions dans le controle de la longevite et dans les reponses au stress oxydant, une des causes majeures du vieillissement cellulaire. La signalisation IGF chez les mammiferes depend d’un ensemble de signaux endocriniens que constitue l’axe somatotrope. En effet, plusieurs composantes de cet axe hormonal regulent efficacement la longevite, ce qui a ete elegamment demontre par une serie de modeles de souris genetiquement modifiees. Il est de plus en plus evident que le controle du vieillissement met en jeu des regulations hormonales dont l’ampleur des implications commence a peine a etre decouverte.
Investigating the Contribution of Common Genetic Variants to the Risk and Pathogenesis of ADHD (2011)

Both common and rare genetic variants appear to be relevant to ADHD and index-shared biological pathways.