gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ribonucleoprotein and protein factors bind to an H-DNA-forming c-myc DNA element: possible regulators of the c-myc gene. (1989)

We have located a positive, cis-acting DNA sequence element within the 5' flanking DNA of the c-myc gene (-125 base pairs). This DNA sequence element has a large purine-pyrimidine strand asymmetry and can assume the H-DNA conformation. A factor with the properties of a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) interacts with this DNA region. The interaction of the c-myc DNA sequence element and the RNP involves an RNase H-sensitive mechanism and, therefore, may involve an RNA.DNA hybrid. In addition, a protein factor(s) binds to this DNA sequence element. DNA footprinting and mutant oligonucleotide binding/competition assays implicate a punctate, poly(G.C) recognition/binding sequence for the RNP factor, whereas the major protein factor requires two ACCCT sequence motifs for maximal binding. These results suggest that RNP and protein factors act as positive transcriptional regulators of the c-myc gene, perhaps by altering DNA topology.
CMOS outlier rejection circuit (2001)

An analog CMOS outlier rejection circuit is proposed in this work. The circuit calculates the instantaneous average current of an array of n analog input currents rejecting the outliers (the inputs which lie out of a desired percentage of the average current). Its structure includes an average circuit that provides the average current, and n outlier selector cells, able to identify and reject the low and the high outliers. The circuit is expected to be useful in parallel processing of signals from sensor arrays.
The penguin (2002)

In consequence of emergent limitations of traditional spell and grammar checkers, the Penguin prototype system has been designed to be a descriptive and dynamic tool for computer based writing. Rather than relying on a static dictionary, the web is used as a database to handle language artifacts out of the ordinary, such as idioms, colloquialisms, names, and slang expressions; a common source of concern especially for second language speakers.
Preparation of highly fluorinated ethers (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of highly fluorinated ethersRalph J. De PasqualeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 17, 3025–3030Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00957a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00957a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Amino Acid Analysis (2011)

Amino Acid Analysis (AAA) has been an integral part of analytical biochemistry for almost 60 years. AAA was originally developed by Moore and Stein and was at the very heart of their work on the mechanism of enzyme catalysis for which they were awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1972. In a relatively short time since the previous AAA book in this series has been published (10 years), the variety of AAA methods changed dramatically with more methods shifting to the use of mass spectrometry (MS) as a detection method. At the same time, a number of old techniques acquired a new make-up, like combination of AccQ-Tag with UPLC and MS, instead of HPLC and fl uorescence. Another new aspect is miniaturization. One of the chapters in this book describes an AAA in a single cell. However, the most important aspect is that AAA in this day and age should be viewed in the context of Metabolomics as a part of Systems Biology.
Effects of altitude acclimatization on rat myoglobin. Changes in myoglobin content of skeletal and cardiac muscle (1959)

Analyses were made of myoglobin content of rat skeletal and cardiac muscle following continuous exposure to simulated altitudes of 18,000 feet for a 2–10-week period. About five dozen rats were used. Acclimatization was associated with an increase in the myoglobin concentration of thigh, diaphragm, gastrocnemius and heart muscles. Total myoglobin content, however, increased during acclimatization in cardiac muscle but not in the three skeletal muscles. This finding together with the body weight changes and muscle weight changes suggested that the increases in myoglobin concentration of skeletal muscle may be merely a reflection of a decreased water content of muscles.
ENHANCEMENT OF EXTENDED LUNG PRESERVATION WITH A VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE-ENRICHED UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SOLUTION (1995)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a known pulmonary and bronchial vasodilator as well as an oxygen free radical scavenger. Since its effect as an additive to University of Wisconsin (UW) solution for lung preservation has been shown previously, the aim of this study was to determine the ability of VIP to improve lung preservation followed by reperfusion. Four groups of excised Sprague-Dawley rat lungs (n=24) were studied using an isolated blood perfused working lung model. The first 3 groups of lungs were flushed and stored in UW solution at 4°C for: (1) 4 hr, (2) 18 hr, and (3) 24 hr. Group 4 lungs were flushed with UW solution + VIP (1 μg/ml) and stored in UW solution + VIP (0.5 μg/ml) for 24 hr. After preservation, the lungs were reperfused to evaluate their functions for 2 hr or until lung failure occurred (arterial oxygen saturation less then 90% and/or appearance of bronchial fluid in the bronchial cannula). In the lungs stored in UW solution for 24 hr, failure occurred after 10 min of reperfusion and all functions were significantly altered. The addition of VIP to UW solution maintained the functional capacity of the lungs, recorded by lung resistance, lung compliance, elastic work, flow resistive work, shunt fraction, and blood oxygen tension. No statistical difference in these parameters other than shunt fraction was found when the VIP group was compared with the group preserved for 4 hr in UW solution. We conclude that lung preservation can be extended to 24 hr with the maintenance of lung functional capacity if VIP is added to UW solution.
Ring-opening polymerization of lactones catalyzed by ion-exchanged clay montmorillonite (2002)

Tin ion-exchanged montmorillonite catalyzed the ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone in a solvent free system. The polymerization proceeded in a living manner, giving rise to poly(δ-valerolactone)s with controlled molecular weights. Aluminium and iron ion-exchanged montmorillonites were also effective for the polymerization. Furthermore, the copolymerization of δ-valerolactone with γ-butyrolactone took place in the presence of the montmorillonite to produce the corresponding copolymers.
Shear Properties of Brain Tissue over a Frequency Range Relevant for Automotive Impact Situations: New Experimental Results (2004)

This research aims at improving the definition of the shear linear material properties of brain tissue. A comparison between human and porcine white and gray matter samples was carried out over a new large frequency range associated with both traffic road and non-penetrating ballistic impacts. Oscillatory experiments were performed by using an original custom-designed oscillatory shear testing device. The findings revealed that no significant difference occured between the linear viscoelastic behavior of the porcine and the human brain tissue. On the average, the storage modulus (G') and the loss modulus (G") of the white matter increased respectively from 2.1 +/- 0.9 kPa to 16.8 +/- 2.0 kPa and from 0.4 +/- 0.2 kPa to 18.7 +/- 2.3 kPa between 0.1 and 6300 Hz at 37 degrees C. In addition, the gray and white matter behaviors seemed to be similar at small strains. The reliability of the data and the robustness of the experimental protocol were checked using a standard rheometer (Bohlin C-VOR 150). A good agreement was found between the data obtained in the frequency and time field. As a result, the linear relaxation modulus was determined over an extensive time range (from 10(-5) s to 300 s). In a first approach, the nonlinear behavior of brain tissue was studied using stress relaxation tests. Brain tissue showed significant shear softening for strains above 1% and the time relaxation behavior was independent of the applied strain. On this basis, a visco-hyperelastic model was proposed using the generalized Maxwell model and the Ogden hyperelastic model. These models respectively describe the linear relaxation modulus and the strain dependence of the shear stress.
Electronic detection of dsDNA transition from helical to zipper conformation using graphene nanopores (2014)

Mechanical manipulation of DNA by forced extension can lead double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to structurally transform from a helical form to a linear zipper-like form. By employing classical molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical nonequilibrium Green's function-based transport simulations, we show the ability of graphene nanopores to discern different dsDNA conformations, in a helical to zipper transition, using transverse electronic conductance. In particular, conductance oscillations due to helical dsDNA vanish as dsDNA extends from a helical form to a zipper form while it is transported through the nanopore. The predicted ability to detect conformational changes in dsDNA via transverse electronic conductance can widen the potential use of graphene-based nanosensors for DNA detection.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Ferritin for Differentiation of Aseptic and Bacterial Meningitis in Adults (2010)

Problem statement: Bacterial meningitis is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity. Rapid diagnosis of bacterial cause is very important and critical, because early antibiotic therapy prevents complications; different tests have been developed for rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. One of them is CSF ferritin, which is evaluated in this study. Approach: During cross sectional study from 2008-2009 for 2 years, CSF was collects from 61 adults suspected to have meningitis. These patients admitted to Emam Reza and Sina hospitals of Tabriz. CSF was analyzed for ferritin, glucose, protein, cell count, culture and gram stains. Clinical data's were collected for all patients. Collected data's were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: From 61 specimens, 19 cases had bacterial, 19 cases had aseptic meningitis and 23 cases had no criteria for diagnosis of meningitis. CSF ferritin in bacterial meningitis was 231.63 61.26 ng dL -1 that was significantly higher, than that of aseptic meningitis group. Cut off value for ferritin was estimated 155ng dL -1 with sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 21.7% in this study. Symptoms such as levels of consciousness, fever and seizure were not considered as a criteria for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (p>0.05). But symptoms such as headache, nausa, vomiting and neck stefness were significantly higher in bacterial and aseptic groups than no meningitis group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study CSF ferritin in bacterial meningitis group was significantly higher than aseptic meningitis group. But due to low specificity of CSF ferritin for differentiation of bacterial from aseptic meningitis, we don't recommend performance of this test in early phase of meningitis course.
A Novel Route to Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanorods at Low Temperature (2002)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanorods were produced through a novel route in the presence of different metallic particle catalysts at the extremely low temperature of 200 °C. In this process, tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4) was used as the carbon feedstock, which can be reduced by metallic potassium to free C2 in benzene at the temperature of 200 °C. Then the freshly formed free C2 can assemble into the hexagonal carbon clusters, which can grow into nanotubes at the surface of the catalytic particles (Fe/Au). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the nanotubes had an average length of 1.8 μm, and the inner diameter of 60 nm, the outer diameter was 80 nm in average. The Y-junction carbon nanotubes were first observed in the solution reaction. In addition, the freshly reduced free C2 can also form one-dimensional conjugate carbon chain clusters, and then they assemble into nanorods with the diameter of 70 nm and the length of 1000 nm in the presence of another catalytic particle (Ag). The catalyst and the reaction time play important roles in the nucleation and growth process of the nanotubes and nanorods.
Roles of Thrombospondin-1 and -2 in Regulating Corneal and Iris Angiogenesis (2004)

Corneal avascularity during development is redundantly regulated, shown by the fact that lack of the antiangiogenic factors TSP-1 and/or -2 resulted in no spontaneous corneal angiogenesis. By contrast, TSP-1, more than TSP-2, helps to suppress inflammation-induced corneal angiogenesis postnatally, implying that angiogenic privilege in the cornea is actively maintained.
A mixed frequency-time approach for distortion analysis of switching filter circuits (1989)

A new efficient mixed frequency-time approach to computing steady-state and intermodulation distortion of switching filters without resorting to macromodeling or the slow-clock approach has been presented. The method works by computing the solution to the differential equation system associated with a circuit for only J clock cycles, where J is the number of coefficients needed in the Fourier series to represent accurately the sequence of initial points in each clock cycle. Thus this method is particularly efficient when the number of coefficients in the Fourier series is many fewer than the number of clock cycles in one input signal period.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Review paper: Evaluation of Techniques for Algae Removal from Wastewater Stabilization Ponds (1974)

Introduction: Approximately 90 percent of the wastewater lagoons in the United States are located in small communities of 5,000 people or less. These communities, many with an average daily wastewater flow of only 175,000 - 200,000 gallons, do not have the resources to keep man at the lagoon sites throughout the day (38). A high degree of technical knowhow is usually lacking in these communities. Often only periodic inspection or maintenance is carried out by the general municipal work force. Therefore, the development of a relatively inexpensive method that does not require sophisticated and constant operation or extensive maintenance is needed to polish these effluents. Most regulatory agencies are adopting more stringent water quality standards, enforcement of which will necessitate changes in present treatment methods and the philosophy of wastewater treatment. Small communities utilizing stabilization ponds will be affected most drastically by new standards. Because most communities utilizing ponds are relatively small and installed ponds primariliy to avoid operating costs, it is unlikely that modifications requiring significant increases in operation will be acceptable. Therefore, the most sophisticated alternatives for upgrading treatment must be excluded from a practicable solution to solids removal from stabilization pond effluent.
Cystic Fibrosis and Other Respiratory Diseases of Impaired Mucus Clearance (2007)

Exposed to a diverse array of potentially noxious agents, the respiratory tract is protected by a highly developed innate defense system. Physiologically regulated epithelial ion and water transport coordinated with mucin secretion, beating cilia, and cough results in continuous flow of fluid and mucus over airway surfaces toward the larynx. This cleansing action is the initial and perhaps most quantitatively important innate defense mechanism. Repeated lung infections and eventual respiratory insufficiency characteristic of human cystic fibrosis (CF) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) illustrate the consequences of impaired mucus clearance. Altered mucus clearance likely contributes to the initiation, progression, and chronicity of other airway diseases characterized by inflammation and mucous secretory cell hyper/metaplasia that afflict millions worldwide, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review concisely discusses the pathophysiology of human diseases characterized by genetic defects that impair mucus clearance. It then explores animal models in which components of the mucus clearance system have been disrupted. These models firmly establish the importance of mucus clearance for respiratory health, and will help elucidate disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in CF, PCD and COPD.
Sodium 4‐phenylbutyrate induces apoptosis of human lung carcinoma cells through activating JNK pathway (2004)

Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (PB) has been used in the therapy of urea cycle defects for many years. Recently, it has been shown to cause cellular differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptosis in certain malignancies. We have analyzed the effects of PB on human lung carcinoma cells. PB has distinct patterns of effects on different lung carcinoma cells, inducing apoptosis in NCI-H460 and NCI-H1792 cells, causing G1 arrest in A549 and SK-LU-1 cells, but having no effect on a non-transformed bronchial epithelial cell line HBE4-E6/E7. We investigated the role of MAP kinase family members, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), JNK, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), as well as other important cell survival signaling molecules in PB-induced apoptosis. We observed activation of JNK and ERK by PB in the lung cancer cells. JNK was activated only in the two apoptotic cells, whereas ERK was activated in both the apoptotic and the growth-arrested cells, demonstrating a correlation between apoptosis and activation of JNK in response to PB. Both JNK inhibitor and JNK RNA interference (RNAi) inhibited PB-induced apoptosis, whereas MEK inhibitor did not, supporting that apoptosis induced by PB is through activation of JNK. De novo protein synthesis is required for the PB-induced JNK activation and induction of apoptosis. However, the production of known upstream activators of JNK, namely Fas/Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, TNF-beta, and TRAIL, are not altered by PB treatment. Therefore, PB activates JNK through an unidentified and cell type-specific mechanism. Understanding of this mechanism is of therapeutic value in treating cancer patients with PB.
Blood Vessel Branching: Beyond the Standard Calculus Problem (2011)

SummaryCalculating the optimal angle for blood vessel branching is a standard calculus problem. However, optimality in that setting is judged by a cost functional that turns out not to give realistic results. We study a sequence of improvements to the cost functional, finally arriving at one that passes an important modeling test: From this last functional, we derive three empirical laws of blood vessel branching, originally proposed by German zoologist Wilhelm Roux.
Remotely reprogrammable sensors for structural health monitoring (2004)

Wireless sensors can improve our ability to monitor critical civil infrastructure, including highways &amp; bridges. We have previously reported on highly miniaturized, wireless strain, acceleration, and inclination sensing systems capable of providing low &amp; high speed data update rates. Signal conditioning, multiplexing, A/D conversion, processing, amplifying, data logging, and bi-directional wireless communications are fully integrated. Each node includes a unique address (RFID), allowing a single base station to orchestrate data collection from thousands of distinct sensing nodes. In order to enhance these capabilities, we have produced a new base station with remote cellular telephone interface. This allows access to the sensing network from anywhere where cellular communications are available. Key operating parameters such as triggering, data sampling rates, data sampling duration, continuous streaming duration, and number of active channels may all be programmed remotely. The base station can issue broadcast commands, such as “wake up, begin data logging, or “go back to sleep”. Node specific commands include “download data from node, remove offsets from a node’s channel, increase gain on a node’s channel”. These capabilities allow a remote sensing network to be deployed in the field and remotely adapted over time to meet the customer’s unique SHM requirements.
Highly efficient oligosaccharide synthesis on water-soluble polymeric primers by recombinant glycosyltransferases immobilised on solid supports (2001)

Recombinant beta-1,4-galactosyltranferase (beta 1,4-GalT) and alpha-2,6-sialytransferase (alpha 2,6-SiaT) immobilised covalently with activated Sepharose beads were employed for the practical synthesis of a trisaccharide derivative, Neu-5Ac alpha(2-->6)Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc beta-O-(CH2)6-NH2, on a water-soluble primer having GlcNAc residues through a alpha-chymotrypsin-sensitive linker.
Epitaxial Ba<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> thin films for microwave phase shifters (2001)

Abstract A tunable phase shifter was fabricated with epitaxial Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) thin film and gold coplanar waveguide. BST thin film of the thickness ∼0.5 μm was deposited by laser ablation on the MgO(OOl) single crystalline substrate. Gold electrode of the thickness ∼2 μm was prepared by the sequence of thermal evaporation, electroplating, and wet etching. Epitaxial quality of the BST thin film was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The microwave performance of phase shifter was measured at room temperature in the frequency range of 8–12 GHz, and with applied bias voltage of up to 30 V. Effect of Mn dopant in the epitaxial films was also considered.
Investigation of Livingstone's curious point. (2007)

The explorer and missionary David Livingstone was identified after death by the appearances of his humerus which had been damaged in an encounter with a lion. In his writings Livingstone suggested that the consequences of the lion's attack were not as bad as he might have expected. He wondered if this was due to the fact that he was wearing a tartan jacket when he was attacked and suggested that this curious point should be investigated. This paper looks at some of the dyes used in tartans of the time and investigates their effect on the bacteria that might be present in the mouths of lions.
Electromagnetic micro power generator &#x2014; A comprehensive survey (2010)

This paper presents a comprehensive survey on vibration powered electromagnetic micro generator, which harvest mechanical energy from environment and convert this energy into useful electrical power for micro system and sensor node. The on-going research works on electromagnetic micro generator are reviewed as a background of this paper. Basic theories of micro generator to produce power from ambient motion by damping the suspended proof mass system over the coils are presented. Several important parameters such as the shape, types of magnet, spring and coil property used in designing electromagnetic micro generator as well as power processing circuit are also included. Different designs of micro generator for different environment and application are discussed. Significant challenges in converting the power by each design are also highlighted in this paper.