gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient fork-linearizable access to untrusted shared memory (2007)

When data is stored on a faulty server that is accessed concurrently by multiple clients, the server may present inconsistent data to different clients. For example, the server might complete a write operation of one client, but respond with stale data to another client. Mazières and Shasha (PODC 2002) introduced the notion of fork-consistency, also called fork-linearizability, which ensures that the operations seen by every client are linearizable and guarantees that if the server causes the views of two clients to differ in a single operation, they may never again see each other's updates after that without the server being exposed as faulty. In this paper, we improve the communication complexity of their fork-linearizable storage access protocol with n clients from Ω(n2) to O(n). We also prove that in every such protocol, a reader must wait for a concurrent writer. This explains a seeming limitation of their and of our improved protocol. Furthermore, we give novel characterizations of fork-linearizability and prove that it is neither stronger nor weaker than sequential consistency.
Alignment and Cell-Matrix Interactions of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells on Nanostructured Collagen Type I Matrices (2010)

HCECs align directionally along parallel arrays of collagen type I fibrils. The interactions of HCECs with collagen type I are primarily mediated by integrin α(2)β(1). Integrin subunit α(2) levels correlate with matrix contraction and subsequent destruction. Sustained cultivation of HCECs on ultrathin collagen matrices thus requires matrix cross-linking and moderate integrin α(2)β(1) expression levels.
The formation of thin-film tungsten silicide annealed in ultrahigh vacuum (1989)

Thin films of tungsten silicide have been formed by sputter depositing 710 Å of W metal onto (100)-oriented, 3–7 Ω cm, p-type silicon wafers. The samples were annealed in an ultrahigh vacuum ambient (pressure≤1.0×10−9 Torr) at temperatures ranging from 845 to 1100 °C for 30 s. The lack of oxygen contamination in the ambient allows the W-Si interaction to proceed, first producing both the W-rich W5 Si3 phase and the tetragonal WSi2 phase near 900 °C, followed by only the tetragonal, low-resistivity (30–40 μΩ cm) WSi2 phase above 1000 °C. This result is in contrast to previous work where films formed by rapid thermal processing in vacuum showed no significant W-Si interaction for temperatures below 1100 °C due to the formation of an interfacial oxide diffusion barrier gettered into the films from the 10−6 Torr ambient.
Master-equation approach to deterministic chaos (1988)

A class of exact master equations descriptive of a Markovian process is obtained, starting from the Perron-Frobenius equation for a chaotic dynamical system. The conditions that must be satisfied by the initial probability density for the validity of the master equation are derived. The approach employs projection operator techniques and provides one with a dynamical prescription for carrying out coarse-graining in a systematic manner.
The Design of Table-centric Interactive Spaces (2009)

The Design of Table-Centric Interactive Spaces, by Daniel J. Wigdor\nA thesis submitted in partial conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy\nGraduate Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto\nÂ© Copyright by Daniel J. Wigdor, 2008\nDirect-touch tabletops offer compelling uses as direct, multi-touch, multi-user displays for face to face collaborative work. As task complexity and group size increase, the addition to the tabletop of multiple, vertical displays allows for more information content, while reducing the need to multiplex the tabletop display area. We dub such systems table-centric interactive spaces.\nAlthough compelling, these spaces offer unique challenges. In particular, the displays in such spaces are seen by the users at angles not typically found in combination in other environments. First, the viewing imagery shown on a horizontal display by seated participants means that that imagery is distorted, receding away from the usersâ eyes. Second, the sharing of information by users sitting around a horizontal display necessitates that on-screen content be oriented at non-optimal angles for some subset of those users. Third, positioning vertical displays around the table means that some subset of the seated users will be looking at those displays at odd angles. \nIn this thesis, we investigate the challenges associated with these viewing angles. We begin with a examination of related work, including tabletop technology and interaction techniques. Next, we report the results of controlled experiments measuring performance of reading, graphical perception, and ancillary display control under the angles we identified. Next, we present a set of design issues encountered in our work with table-centric spaces. We then review a series of interaction techniques built to address those issues. These techniques are evaluated through the construction and validation of an application scenario.\nThrough these examinations, we hope to provide designers with insights as to how to enable users to take full advantage of ancillary displays, while maintaining the advantages and affordances of collocated table-centric work.
A framework to implement data cleaning in enterprise data warehouse for robust data quality (2010)

every day, every hour, every minute, every second trillion of bytes of data is being generated by enterprises especially in telecom sector. To achieve level best decisions for business profits, access to that data in a well-situated and interactive way is always a dream of business executives and managers. Data warehouse is the only viable solution that can bring that dream into a reality. The enhancement of future endeavors to make decisions depends on the availability of correct information that based on quality of data underlying. The quality data can only be produced by cleaning data prior to loading into data warehouse. So correctness of data is essential for well-informed and reliable decision making. The framework proposed in this paper implements robust data quality to ensure consistent and correct loading of data into data warehouse that necessary to disciplined, accurate and reliable data analysis, data mining and knowledge discovery.
Encapsulation and rate adaptation for Ethernet over SDH (2003)

In this article, we provide a one-chip solution of Ethernet transmission over SDH. Ethernet, confined by its own mechanism, only applies to a local area, but the inter-connection of Ethernets located in different regions is becoming a hot topic. Here, we analyze the protocols that can be used in the implementation and compare them to achieve a feasible one. Encapsulation and rate adaptation are two main points that will greatly affect the overall performance of this chip. After analysis, GFP is utilized as the default encapsulation protocol. Virtual concatenation of VC12s, although lacking formal protocols, is also utilized to provide an efficient transmission. Necessary performance analysis and chip architecture are also presented.
Integrated subsystem for Obstacle detection from a belt of micro-cameras (2009)

This paper describes the on-going work on the design and the implementation of an integrated visual system dedicated to the classical function Obstacle detection. This system will be embedded on a mobile robot, which must navigate in a cluttered and dynamic environment: typically a public area like pedestrian streets, a transport station or a commercial center. The current robots are equipped typically by a belt of ultrasonic sensors or by Laser Range Finders: it is proposed here to evaluate how a set of micro-cameras mounted around a mobile robot could be used in order to detect free space and obstacles. During an off line learning step, the appearance-based characteristics of the ground are extracted and recorded; then on line, images are acquired synchronously by micro-cameras, every pixel on every image is classified as Ground or Obstacle from color and texture attributes, and geometrical constraints between successive images are applied in order to validate that detected obstacles are above the ground. Finally all information are fused in a single robot-centered occupancy grid. This paper presents algorithms proposed for ground classification and obstacle validation, and describes first results about the architecture proposed for the integrated system.
Watertight cataract incision closure using fibrin tissue adhesive (2007)

A simple method of applying fibrin adhesive to cataract incisions created a watertight seal.
STUDIES ON THE STABILITY OF THE DIMER OF 2,4-TOLYLENE DIISOCYANATE (1962)

A series of carbamates of the dimer of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate was prepared from different alcohols, leaving the uretidine-dione ring unaffected. Di-sec-butylamine and dibenzylamine did not affect the dimer ring and reacted only with the two free isocyanate groups. However, di-n-propylamine, di-n-butylamine, and di-n-amylamine ruptured the ring, and diureas of the monomer were obtained. Alkaline reduction changed the dimer ring into a ureylene link and a N-substituted amide was formed by the Leuckart reaction. Hydrazine hydrate gave an unsymmetrical monosubstituted urea whereas hydroxylamine broke the ring and gave the corresponding oxime of the formamide.
A Nonparametric Methodology for Information Theoretic Feature Extraction (1997)

We present a new information theoretic approach for training a system in a self-organized or supervised manner. Information theoretic signal processing looks beyond the second order statistical characterization inherent in the linear systems approach. The information theoretic framework probes the probability space of the data under analysis. This technique has wide application and represents a powerful new advance to the area of information theoretic signal processing. 1 1.0 Introduction We have recently developed a new information theoretic technique for feature extraction [Fisher and Principe, 1995]. This method differs from previous methods in that it is not limited to linear topologies [Linsker, 1988] nor uni-modal probability density functions (PDFs) [Bell and Sejnowski, 1995]. The method is directly applicable to any nonlinear mapping which is differentiable in its parameters. In particular, we demonstrate that the technique can be applied to a feed-forward multi-layer percep...
On Target Manoeuvres in Bearings Only Tracking (1991)

Manoeuvre detection is an essential part of target motion analysis but represents a deflection from the basic assumptions on which standard TMA algorithms are built. In this paper the target is assumed at a random instant to switch between two linear motions by changing its course. The proposed manoeuvre handling algorithm detects the change, estimates the time
Anthrax Toxin Receptor Drives Protective Antigen Oligomerization and Stabilizes the Heptameric and Octameric Oligomer by a Similar Mechanism (2010)

We propose that PA oligomerization is driven by dimeric ANTXR complexes on cell surfaces. Through their interaction with the ANTXR, toxin complexes containing heptameric and octameric PA oligomers are similarly stabilized. Considering both the relative instability of the PA heptamer and extracellular assembly pathway identified in plasma, we propose a means to regulate the development of toxin gradients around sites of infection during anthrax pathogenesis.
Appropriate micro-lens to improve coupling between laser diodes and singlemode fibres (2003)

A new configuration of micro-lensed fibre that consists of a quarter pitch length of 125/125 µm graded index section with a hyperbolic end shape is proposed. Low loss and long working distance for laser diode and singlemode fibre coupling have been verified.
Image-guided spine surgery (1999)

SummaryIntra-operative computer assistance, by means of image interactive visualisation of surgical action, is a rather novel aspect of spinal surgery. The underlying concept is to incorporate preoperative 3D image data, such as computed tomography (CT) or MRI into the intra-operative procedure. This is achieved by visualising the actual position and orientation of surgical instruments relative to the operated anatomy on a computer monitor. The aim is to allow for a more precise and safer intervention. In principle, each navigation system consists of three components: the image data-set; the bony anatomy to be operated on; and a navigator, which links the two. Most research effort so far has been spent on developing image-guided insertion of transpedicular screws in the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spine. Several navigational systems for these applications have successfully completed the step from the laboratory into routine clinical use and first promising results of their performance have been published. This paper explains the functional basics of such systems in general and describes those navigation tools that are available for use in spinal surgery. In addition, an alternative, recently-developed concept incorporating intra-operative imaging is presented.
Isotopic compositions and accurate masses of single isotopic peaks (2003)

This paper presents and proves an algorithm to calculate the isotopic composition of individual (nominal) isotopic peaks. From this information one can calculate the accurate masses of isotopic peaks. This opens the way to use accurate mass measurements to determine chemical compositions of compounds using non-mono-isotopic peaks. The algorithm is computationally efficient and rigorously correct in the absence of roundoff error. Highly effective error correction strategies are described to detect and correct computational errors arising in practical calculations. Results from theoretical calculations of isotopic masses for a krypton inclusion complex agreed well with experimental measurements.
A New <i>i</i>,<i> i</i> + 3 Peptide Stapling System for α‐Helix Stabilization (2013)

We have previously shown that the incorporation of an 8‐atom all‐hydrocarbon ‘staple’ at positions i and i + 3 of a synthetic peptide results in substantial stabilization of the α‐helical conformation. As part of our ongoing effort to explore the scope and utility of all‐hydrocarbon stapling systems, we have investigated and report herein the properties of a new i , i + 3 stapling system that employs a 6‐carbon cross‐link.
Optical Measurement of Local Director Distribution in a Distorted Nematic Liquid Crystal (1993)

In this letter we demonstrate that the measurement of the reflectivity of a hybrid aligned nematic sample vs. the incidence angle give us detailed information on the local orientation of the molecular director, when the condition of total internal reflection is achieved inside the sample. Moreover theoretical fit of the experimental data shows that the method is suitable to obtain the tilt angles on the boundary walls with a sensitivity < 3°.
Development and Optimization of Neutralizing Antibody Assays to Monitor Clinical Immunogenicity (2012)

The development of an unwanted immune response to a protein therapeutic is a constant concern and necessitates careful monitoring of this class of drugs during clinical development. Neutralizing antibodies can have a significant impact on bioavailability, efficacy and safety of a protein therapeutic. Consequently, immunogenicity testing is required prior to obtaining regulatory approval and in some cases even after a product is marketed. Given the importance of this testing, it is critical that sensitive and robust assays are developed for detection of clinically relevant neutralizing antibodies. This review will describe considerations and current best practices for developing assays to detect neutralizing antibodies to protein therapeutics.
Mobile Components Associated With Rapidly Developing Mitral Annulus Calcification in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure: Review of Mobile Elements Associated With Mitral Annulus Calcification (2003)

Mitral annulus calcification may directly cause cerebrovascular accidents by serving as a source of calcific or thrombotic emboli. This hypothesis has been supported by recent reports of mobile components associated with mitral annulus calcification detected by echocardiography. Cardiovascular calcifications, including mitral annulus calcification, are common in end-stage renal disease and may develop and progress over a short period of time. We report two patients with mobile components associated with mitral annulus calcification and end-stage renal disease. Serial echocardiography documented that the mitral annulus calcification in these two patients had developed rapidly. Follow-up echocardiography in one patient demonstrated resolution of the mobile elements.
Durability of confluent endothelial cell monolayers on small-caliber vascular prostheses in vitro. (1988)

Since implantation of small-caliber vascular grafts with preformed confluent endothelial cell monolayers (ECMs) may prevent acute platelet deposition and thrombus formation, we have evaluated the conditions necessary to produce durable ECMs. Cultured human umbilical-vein ECs in buffer were attached to vascular grafts--either expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) or knitted Dacron, both with inside diameters of 4 mm--precoated with collaten type I and perfused in vitro with serum-containing culture medium to achieve cell spreading into confluent monolayers. The number of cells attached was quantified by DNA measurements and indium-111 labeling. Morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The maximum number of cells that attached acutely was 3.6 X 10(5) cells/cm2 graft, and the minimum number needed for confluence was 1.4 X 10(5) cells/cm2 graft. Confluence was morphologically complete after 2 hours of in vitro perfusion at 15 ml/min. When ECMs were exposed to varying flow rates, cell retention after 1 hour was 96.1% +/- 5.6% at 50 ml/min, 94.6% +/- 6.1% at 100 ml/min, 77.6% +/- 10.8% at 200 ml/min (p less than 0.001), and 40.1% +/- 10.4% at 400 ml/min (p less than 0.0001). Confluence was maintained for all grafts exposed to flows of 100 ml/min or less. Fewer cells were retained when acutely attached, unspread cells (71.5% +/- 11.5%) were compared with established ECMs (89.9% +/- 6.7%) at a flow rate of 100 ml/min (p less than 0.0001). ECMs on knitted Dacron were more durable than on ePTFE (82.7% +/- 5.3% versus 75.5% +/- 4.8% remained attached at 200 ml/min, P less than 0.05). 111Indium-labeled and unlabeled cells were equivalent with respect to saturation level attachment, spreading time to confluence, and durability under flow at 100 ml/min. We conclude that confluent and durable endothelial cell monolayers can be established on small-caliber vascular grafts within 2 hours.
ATPS-22RITANSERIN AND TEMOZOLOMIDE SYNERGIZE AGAINST HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA IN VITRO AND IN ESTABLISHED TUMORS IN VIVO (2015)

BACKGROUND: Diacylglycerol Kinase Alpha (DGKa) inhibition with the known inhibitor R59022 results in strong cytotoxicity against glioblastoma cells in vitro. The use of R59022 in vivo against orthotopic xenografts was less successful due to limited solubility, short serum half-life, and possible low penetration of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, the known pro-immune effect of R59022 on DGKa in T-cells is unlikely to occur in immunocompromised mice. We show combined oral treatment with the related compound ritanserin and temozolomide results in markedly prolonged survival in orthotopic GBM xenograft-bearing mice. METHODS: In vitro studies of synergism between temozolomide (25 mM to 150 mM), and ritanserin (2.5 mM to 20 mM), were carried out using alamarBlue assay at 72 hours after treatment. U251 and several glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) lines were used. In GSCs, Perkin Elmer Operetta Digital Phase-Contrast was used to analyze cell numbers. CompuSyn was used generate Chou-Talalay Combination Index (CI) values. 200,000 U251 cells were implanted into the right parenchyma of 36 nude female mice. 6 days per week (dpw) oral gavage 30 mg/kg temozolomide in H2O and/or 50mg/kg ritanserin in corn oil, or vehicle began 7 days post tumor. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was generated upon humane endpoints. RESULTS: U251 cells showed synergistic response at 25 mM to 50 mM temozolomide and 2.5 mM ritanserin. For GSC lines, synergy was also observed in cell counts. Median survival for vehicletreated and ritanserin-treated U251-bearing mice was 29 days, and for temozolomide-treated mice was 32 days. At this time, 66% of ritanserinand temozolomide-treated mice have survived 75 days. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results with U251 and GSCs indicate strong synergy between ritanserin and temozolomide in tissue culture, and this was recapitulated in vivo.
특수효과를 활용한 융합인재교육(STEAM) 프로그램 개발 및 적용 -중학교 자유학기제를 중심으로- (2016)

본 연구는 창의적 인재양성을 위해 도입된 STEAM 교육의 이론적 기틀을 다지고 과학과 예술 융합분야의 STEAM 프로그램을 제안하고 이를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 융합인재교육에서 요구하는 3가지 조건을 충족하도록 개발하였으며 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과학기술의 내용 및 요소를 반드시 포함해야 한다. 둘째, 실생활 문제 해결을 위해 2개 이상의 교과목과 STEAM 요소를 포함해야 한다. 그리고 마지막으로 학습준거 틀(상황제시, 창의적 설계, 감성적 체험)을 기본으로 구성해야 한다. 본 연구는 영화와 과학기술을 활용한 특수효과를 대주제로 설정하였으며 교육모형 툴인 ADDIE모형에 기반해 진행하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 영화와 과학기술을 활용한 ‘특수효과 STEAM 프로그램’을 개발하였다. 이는 물질의 물리적, 화학적 변화과정을 탐색하고 융합교육을 통해 새로운 지식과 기술을 창출할 수 있는 인재를 양성할 수 있다. 둘째, 학습준거 틀을 기반으로 한 프로그램 개요, 교사용, 학생용 교재를 중학교 자유학기제용으로 10차시 프로그램을 개발하였다. 셋째, STEAM 프로그램 개발 후 파일럿 테스트 적용 후 시범학교에 적용하였다. 이후 설문지 평가를 통해 만족도와 효과성을 검증하였다. 나아가 본 연구를 통해 특수효과의 새로운 지식 탐구 및 특수효과에서 파생된 직업군을 이해하고 간접체험을 통한 진로탐색의 기회를 기대해 볼 수 있다. 또한, 과학과 예술분야의 융합적 표현을 학습하고 과학분야 교육의 근본적 패러다임의 변화 및 능동적 융합인재 양성 기틀마련의 기회가 될 것이다.
Role of peroxide and superoxide anion during tumour cell apoptosis (1997)

Apoptosis or programmed cell death was induced in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 by UV irradiation or treatment with cytotoxic drugs (etoposide, camptothecin, melphalan or chlorambucil). These treatments caused a rapid increase in intracellular peroxide levels. Preincubation of HL-60 cells with the hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzyme catalase (500 U/ml) inhibited apoptosis due to UV irradiation or low concentrations of camptothecin, etoposide or melphalan, but did not protect against higher concentrations. In contrast, superoxide anion levels in the cells remained unchanged upon treatment with cytotoxic drugs, while UV irradiation led to a transient doubling in superoxide levels. Exogenous superoxide dismutase (400 U/ml) provided modest protection against UV irradiation and had no effect on cytotoxic drug-induced apoptosis. The results suggest that both hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion may be involved in the induction of apoptosis by UV irradiation. On the other hand, while exposure to cytotoxic drugs induces a large increase in intracellular peroxide levels, catalase is able to protect the cells from apoptosis only when low concentrations of these compounds are used, thus indicating the involvement of other factors in this process, particularly at higher drug concentrations.