gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Energy Gamma Radiation from Lithium Bombardment of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Be</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>9</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>11</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1964)

Gamma-ray spectra have been obtained with a 5-\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6-in. NaI(Tl) crystal for the bombardment of thick ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}$, ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}$, ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}$, and ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ targets with ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ and ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$ beams. Intensities and source assignments are given for all gamma rays observed with an energy of 8 MeV or more. The probable gamma decay of the 9.83-MeV state in ${\mathrm{N}}^{15}$ was observed for several target-beam combinations. In the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ + ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}$ reaction, the population of the 9.17-MeV state in ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ and the 15.11-MeV state in ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ was observed. The population of these states is forbidden by isotopic-spin selection rules. For each reaction upper-limit total cross sections are about 1 \ensuremath{\mu}b for the production of the compound nucleus with subsequent gamma decay. This indicates that compound nuclei are not formed to any significant degree in these reactions.
Notes (1964)

R. G. Barker, K. Ward, J. W. Green, A. M. Comrie, P. N. Gates, W. Gerrard, E. F. Mooney, A. A. R. Sayigh, H. Ulrich, M. Green, J. Klein, E. D. Bergmann, T. C. Owen, B. T. Newbold, S. R. Baig, D. A. Johnson, A. G. Sharpe, W. E. Dasent, L. E. Sharman, A. J. Birch, S. F. Hussain, R. W. Rickards, J. K. Sutherland, D. A. Widdowson, J. F. Grove, B. K. Tidd, K. C. Bass, R. A. Edington, G. W. Gray, D. Lewis, F. D. Popp, J. A. Kerr, G. Lastra, A. F. Trotman-Dickenson, I. R. Beattie, M. Webster, E. U. Emovon, E. A. Lissi, R. G. Rees and D. C. Smith, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 3475 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640003475
Urinary podocytes in childhood IgA nephropathy (2001)

SUMMARY: We have previously demonstrated the presence of detached podocytes in the urine in various glomerular diseases. In this study, we investigated the pathological significance of detachment of urinary podocytes (u‐podocytes) in childhood IgA nephropathy. We investigated 28 children with IgA nephropathy. U‐podocytes were detected in the urinary sediment by immunofluorescence. Renal pathological changes and urinalysis, including the u‐podocyte test, were analysed. The expression of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) components, integrins and cytoskeleton components on urinary podocytes was investigated using dual immunofluorescence in 12 patients. The u‐podocyte score paralleled the acute glomerular changes in renal biopsy samples. The infiltration of glomerular macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and the number of urinary leucocytes, correlated highly with the u‐podocyte score. Some of the u‐podocytes expressed integrins and also components of the GBM. Detachment of podocytes reflects the presence of acute glomerular lesions. Infiltration of glomerular leucocytes is considered to be the cause of the detachment, partly because of the destruction of the GBM.
How your productivity is measured. (2007)

If you're paid based on your output, you should find out what goes into the calculation, and whether the formula is best for you.
The Role of Endogenous Interleukin-12 in Resistance to Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) Infection and a Novel Action for Endogenous IL-12 p40 (1999)

Biologically active interleukin-12 (IL-12), comprising a 40 kDa subunit (p40) covalently linked to a 35 kDa subunit (p35), is produced in response to a range of infectious stimuli. Here, we demonstrate that mice deficient in either IL-12 p40 (p40-/-) or IL-12 p35 (p35-/-) are susceptible to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection in terms of survival (Balb/c p35-/-) and viral clearance (Balb/c p35-/- and Balb/c p40-/-), and this susceptibility may be correlated to a deficiency in serum interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels. These data support a role for endogenous IL-12 in controlling MCMV infection. The IL-12 p40 subunit is produced in excess of IL-12 p35, and to date the function of the excess endogenous p40 has been assumed to be one of IL-12 antagonism, as demonstrated by experiments with exogenous p40 both in vivo and in vitro. We show that Balb/c p35-/- alone are significantly compromised in survival of a sublethal infection and in clearance of virus from the spleen. These mice produce a very early IFN-gamma spike (8 h after infection) and an aberrant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) spike (day 2 after infection). MCMV infection has revealed an altered Balb/c p35-/- phenotype compared with Balb/c p40-/-, and this indicates that endogenous p40 may have an activity independent of and additional to IL-12 antagonism in vivo.
Fosfomycin: Use Beyond Urinary Tract and Gastrointestinal Infections (2008)

The shortage of new antimicrobial agents has made the scientific community reconsider the potential value of old antibiotics. A search of the literature was performed to compile relevant evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of fosfomycin for the treatment of patients with gram-positive and/or gram-negative bacterial infections (excluding urinary tract infection and gastrointestinal infection). Of 1311 potentially relevant studies, 62 studies were reviewed in detail. Of 1604 patients with various gram-positive and gram-negative infections of various body sites (including pneumonia and other respiratory infections; osteomyelitis; meningitis; ear, nose, and throat infections; surgical infections; obstetric and gynecological infections; arthritis; septicemia; peritonitis; cervical lymphadenitis; eye infections; diabetic foot infections; and typhoid fever) being treated with fosfomycin alone or in combination with other antibiotics, cure was achieved in 1302 (81.1%) of the patients, and improvement was noted in 47 (2.9%). In comparative perioperative prophylaxis trials that included a total of 1212 patients (mainly patients undergoing colorectal surgery), the fosfomycin-metronidazole combination led to results that were similar to those achieved with the combination of other antibiotics (doxycycline, ampicillin, or cephalothin) and metronidazole. In an era in which there is a shortage of new antibiotics, fosfomycin might be considered to be an alternative treatment agent for infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, in addition to its traditional use in treating uncomplicated urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections. Further research on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of fosfomycin, especially against multidrug-resistant pathogens (such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and/or metallo-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and on the effectiveness and safety of the drug in the treatment of patients with such infections may be warranted.
Delineation of sequences important for efficient packaging of feline immunodeficiency virus RNA (2003)

We have used systematic deletion analysis of the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) genome, both in the presence and absence of various amounts of gag, to define the cis-acting sequences responsible for efficient RNA packaging. Our analyses revealed that the primary FIV packaging signal consists of two essential core elements located within the first 90-120 bp of the 5'UTR and the first 90 bp of the gag gene. Interestingly, the region between the major splice donor (SD) and gag, including approximately 130-160 bp upstream of the SD, is dispensable for encapsidation. Finally, other determinants of packaging were found to be present in the viral LTR and/or within the 3' end of the viral genome. Taken together, our results suggest that the primary packaging determinants of FIV are multipartite and discontinuous, composed of two elements within the 5'UTR and gag gene.
An Image Compression Improved Algorithm Based on the Combination of Fractal and Ant Colony Algorithm (2014)

A new image coding improved algorithm based on the combination of fractal and ant colony is proposed in this paper. The algorithm combines the feature of multi-resolution analysis of wavelet transformation and segments the original image to construct the searching space. After the class matching based on ant colony matching probability of range block and domain block, the average number of matching is reduced greatly. We apply the fractal predicting by the different block size according to the different texture feature of different orientation sub images. That makes improvement of fractal coding speeding up and realizes image compression. The experimental results indicate that the improved algorithm can decrease the fractal coding time greatly and achieve a higher compression rate.
Study of Thermal Stability of Ni Silicide using Ni-V Alloy (2008)

In this paper, thermal stability of Nickel silicide formed on p-type silicon wafer using Ni-V alloy film was studied. As compared with pure Ni, Ni-V shows better thermal stability. The addition of Vanadium suppresses the phase transition of NiSi to <TEX>$NiSi_2$</TEX> effectively. Ni-V single structure shows the best thermal stability compared with the other Ni-silicide using TiN and Co/TiN capping layers. To enhance the thermal stability up to <TEX>$650^{\circ}C$</TEX> and find out the optimal thickness of Ni silicide, different thickness of Ni-V was also investigated in this work.
GenBank (2020)

GenBank® (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) is a comprehensive, public database that contains 9.9 trillion base pairs from over 2.1 billion nucleotide sequences for 478 000 formally described species. Daily data exchange with the European Nucleotide Archive and the DNA Data Bank of Japan ensures worldwide coverage. Recent updates include new resources for data from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, updates to the NCBI Submission Portal and associated submission wizards for dengue and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, new taxonomy queries for viruses and prokaryotes, and simplified submission processes for EST and GSS sequences.
First demonstration of highly reflective and highly polarization selective diffraction gratings (GIRO-gratings) for long-wavelength VCSELs (1998)

We present experimental results on surface relief gratings in GaAs and InP with high reflectivity (>85%) and polarization selectivity to normal incidence from the semiconductor side. The potential for polarization stabilization with a reduced mirror complexity for long-wavelength VCSELs is discussed.
Utility of Redundant Combinatorial Libraries in Distinguishing High and Low Quality Screening Hits (2014)

Large one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial libraries can be constructed relatively easily by solid-phase split and pool synthesis. The use of resins with hydrophilic surfaces, such as TentaGel, allows the beads to be used directly in screens for compounds that bind selectively to labeled proteins, nucleic acids, or other biomolecules. However, we have found that this method, while useful, has a high false positive rate. In other words, beads that are scored as hits often display compounds that prove to be poor ligands for the target of interest when they are resynthesized and carried through validation trials. This results in a significant waste of time and resources in cases where putative hits cannot be validated without resynthesis. Here, we report that this problem can be largely eliminated through the use of redundant OBOC libraries, where more than one bead displaying the same compound is present in the screen. We show that compounds isolated more than once are likely to be high quality ligands for the target of interest, whereas compounds isolated only once have a much higher likelihood of being poor ligands. While the use of redundant libraries does limit the number of unique compounds that can be screened at one time in this format, the overall savings in time, effort, and materials makes this a more efficient route to the isolation of useful ligands for biomolecules.
Decoding and reconstruction of reference DVB-T signal in passive radar systems (2010)

The paper presents a method for reception, decoding and reconstruction of DVB-T signal for the purpose of using it in passive coherent location (PCL) as a reference. The signal is received using universal COTS components not dedicated for DVB-T, contrary to common television receivers. The proposed algorithm is tested on real-life signals.
Vacuum insulated panels for sustainable buildings: a review of research and applications (2013)

New research has identified vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) as highly efficient insulators for use in building construction. They are reported to be several times more effective than conventional materials of a similar thickness in terms of thermal conductivity. Because of their smaller space requirement, VIPs maximize the internal usage area of buildings and so reduce the cost of construction. There are however some obstacles that have hindered the application of VIPs, notably their high cost, susceptibility to perforation and the long-term water and gas effects that worsen their performance. This paper reviews the contemporary research on VIP as a state-of-the-art material for building insulation. The main components and physical principles of VIP performance are discussed. Finally, the review of VIPs available on the market and their performance is provided. © 2013 The Authors. International Journal of Energy Research published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective back-pressure in switched Ethernet LANs (2003)

Although switched LANs are usually over-provisioned, their characteristics (short RTT, link speed mismatches) lead to increased burstiness, and thus to the occurrence of transient congestion. In order to fully utilize the potential of large switched LANs, a link layer back-pressure mechanism may be used to complement the end-to-end flow control by handling the short term congestion. A simple such mechanism, as the one specified in IEEE 802.3x, is shown to improve network performance in some situations, but to lead to poor performance in others. We propose selective back-pressure schemes based on the destination MAC address and traffic class information, which overcome the limitations of the simpler scheme. These are shown to provide superior performance for a wide range of situations. The results obtained suggest the need to incorporate these enhancements in the 802.3x standard.
Breastfeeding Higher Order Multiples: Enhancing Support During the Postpartum Hospitalization Period (2002)

Higher order multiple birth (HOM) families require genuine and effective support in their quest to breastfeed their infants during the postdelivery hospitalization period. Evidence suggests that the impact of current policies and care practices on HOM breastfeeding requires careful examination. Recommendations for enhanced support include evidence-based breastfeeding of multiples practices, multiples-specific breastfeeding education for HOM families and health professionals, and establishment of an HOM breastfeeding consultation network. Equally important are coordinated breastfeeding care, development of a breastfeeding plan in partnership with parents, avoidance or minimization of maternal-infants and infant-infants separations, and added assistance to parents when the infants' discharges are staggered. The recommendations are based on the author's extensive professional experience with HOM breastfeeding and the HOM literature.
MicroRNA-Regulated Protein-Protein Interaction Networks and Their Functions in Breast Cancer (2013)

MicroRNAs, which are small endogenous RNA regulators, have been associated with various types of cancer. Breast cancer is a major health threat for women worldwide. Many miRNAs were reported to be associated with the progression and carcinogenesis of breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to discover novel breast cancer-related miRNAs and to elucidate their functions. First, we identified confident miRNA-target pairs by combining data from miRNA target prediction databases and expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA. Then, miRNA-regulated protein interaction networks (PINs) were constructed with confident pairs and known interaction data in the human protein reference database (HPRD). Finally, the functions of miRNA-regulated PINs were elucidated by functional enrichment analysis. From the results, we identified some previously reported breast cancer-related miRNAs and functions of the PINs, e.g., miR-125b, miR-125a, miR-21, and miR-497. Some novel miRNAs without known association to breast cancer were also found, and the putative functions of their PINs were also elucidated. These include miR-139 and miR-383. Furthermore, we validated our results by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis using our miRNA expression profile data, gene expression-based outcome for breast cancer online (GOBO) survival analysis, and a literature search. Our results may provide new insights for research in breast cancer-associated miRNAs.
A Two-Step Scheduler for Dynamically Sharing Wireless Channel Resources among Operators (2013)

Sharing wireless channel resources among cellular network operators saves costs by efficiently utilizing hardware and spectrum. We introduce a practical scheduler that (i) allocates time slots among operators in a round robin manner and (ii) allocates resources to the users of each operator. This two-step approach guarantees the agreed resource shares while allowing each operator to execute its own multi-user scheduling policy. Our simulation results demonstrate an insignificant increase in delay at high spectral efficiency and fairness.
CNN-Based Joint Clustering and Representation Learning with Feature Drift Compensation for Large-Scale Image Data (2017)

Given a large unlabeled set of images how to efficiently and effectively group them into clusters based on extracted visual representations remains a challenging problem. To address this problem we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) to jointly solve clustering and representation learning in an iterative manner. In the proposed method given an input image set we first randomly pick k samples and extract their features as initial cluster centroids using the proposed CNN with an initial model pretrained from the ImageNet dataset. Mini-batch k-means is then performed to assign cluster labels to individual input samples for a mini-batch of images randomly sampled from the input image set until all images are processed. Subsequently the proposed CNN simultaneously updates the parameters of the proposed CNN and the centroids of image clusters iteratively based on stochastic gradient descent. We also propose a feature drift compensation scheme to mitigate the drift error caused by feature mismatch in representation learning. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed method outperforms start-of-the-art clustering schemes in terms of accuracy and storage complexity on large-scale image sets containing millions of images.
Introduction to Ophthalmology (1983)

The first edition of this book for medical students published in 1978 apparently accomplished its purpose, ie, to present basic information on the anatomy and physiology of the eye, discuss techniques of ocular examination that the medical student should be able to perform, and describe common ocular diseases that the nonophthalmologist should recognize and either treat or refer to an ophthalmologist. The 86 pages devoted to visual physiology are perhaps unduly extensive and are almost sufficient for an ophthalmologist. This represents the major change from the first edition, but otherwise only minor additions or changes are made regarding contact lenses, intraocular lenses, vitrectomy, retinal vascular occlusion, and glaucoma. The black and white illustrations are remarkably good, including even those conditions where color would have been better. The text is well organized and readable. Some textbooks for medical students and nonophthalmologists err in mentioning or tabulating unusual ocular conditions, do
Hot-electron design considerations for high-density RAM chips (1980)

This paper presents a channel hot-electron degradation model that is valid for both fixed and time-varying bias conditions. A simple relationship has been derived for the practical case of identical, repetitive pulses. The model uses gate current measurements of the emitted hot electrons to functionally relate FET structural parameters and bias conditions to the resulting threshold shift over time. Incorporated into circuit simulation programs, it has been used to predict long-term circuit behavior. Modeling results are given for the memory cell, word decoder, set latch driver, and sense amplifier drawn from a theoretical study of a 256-kbit dynamic RAM chip.
Integration of Global Signaling Pathways, cAMP-PKA, MAPK and TOR in the Regulation of FLO11 (2008)

The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, responds to various environmental cues by invoking specific adaptive mechanisms for their survival. Under nitrogen limitation, S. cerevisiae undergoes a dimorphic filamentous transition called pseudohyphae, which helps the cell to forage for nutrients and reach an environment conducive for growth. This transition is governed by a complex network of signaling pathways, namely cAMP-PKA, MAPK and TOR, which controls the transcriptional activation of FLO11, a flocculin gene that encodes a cell wall protein. However, little is known about how these pathways co-ordinate to govern the conversion of nutritional availability into gene expression. Here, we have analyzed an integrative network comprised of cAMP-PKA, MAPK and TOR pathways with respect to the availability of nitrogen source using experimental and steady state modeling approach. Our experiments demonstrate that the steady state expression of FLO11 was bistable over a range of inducing ammonium sulphate concentration based on the preculturing condition. We also show that yeast switched from FLO11 expression to accumulation of trehalose, a STRE response controlled by a transcriptional activator Msn2/4, with decrease in the inducing concentration to complete starvation. Steady state analysis of the integrative network revealed the relationship between the environment, signaling cascades and the expression of FLO11. We demonstrate that the double negative feedback loop in TOR pathway can elicit a bistable response, to differentiate between vegetative growth, filamentous growth and STRE response. Negative feedback on TOR pathway function to restrict the expression of FLO11 under nitrogen starved condition and also with re-addition of nitrogen to starved cells. In general, we show that these global signaling pathways respond with specific sensitivity to regulate the expression of FLO11 under nitrogen limitation. The holistic steady state modeling approach of the integrative network revealed how the global signaling pathways could differentiate between multiple phenotypes.