gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The fragile X syndromeâ€“autism comorbidity: what do we really know? (2014)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common comorbid condition in people with fragile X syndrome (FXS). It has been assumed that ASD symptoms reflect the same underlying psychological and neurobiological impairments in both FXS and non-syndromic ASD, which has led to the claim that targeted pharmaceutical treatments that are efficacious for core symptoms of FXS are likely to be beneficial for non-syndromic ASD as well. In contrast, we present evidence from a variety of sources suggesting that there are important differences in ASD symptoms, behavioral and psychiatric correlates, and developmental trajectories between individuals with comorbid FXS and ASD and those with non-syndromic ASD. We also present evidence suggesting that social impairments may not distinguish individuals with FXS with and without ASD. Finally, we present data that demonstrate that the neurobiological substrates of the behavioral impairments, including those reflecting core ASD symptoms, are different in FXS and non-syndromic ASD. Together, these data suggest that there are clinically important differences between FXS and non-syndromic ASD that are masked by reliance on the categorical diagnosis of ASD. We argue for use of a symptom-based approach in future research, including studies designed to evaluate treatment efficacy.
Reverse transcription of mRNA by<i>Thermus aquaticus</i>DNA polymerase (1989)

Loeb et al. (1) have rpored that E.coI DNA polymerase I has reverse transcriptase activity in vitro.
Novel Bis(1<i>H</i>-indol-2-yl)methanones as Potent Inhibitors of FLT3 and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (2006)

FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase is aberrantly active in many cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, bis(1H-indol-2-yl)methanones were found to inhibit FLT3 and PDGFR kinases. To optimize FLT3 activity and selectivity, 35 novel derivatives were synthesized and tested for inhibition of FLT3 and PDGFR autophosphorylation. The most potent FLT3 inhibitors 98 and 102 show IC50 values of 0.06 and 0.04 microM, respectively, and 1 order of magnitude lower PDGFR inhibiting activity. The derivatives 76 and 82 are 20- to 40-fold PDGFR selective. Docking at the recent FLT3 structure suggests a bidentate binding mode with the backbone of Cys-694. Activity and selectivity can be related to interactions of one indole moiety with a hydrophobic pocket including Phe-691, the only different binding site residue (PDGFR Thr-681). Compound 102 inhibited the proliferation of 32D cells expressing wildtype FLT3 or FLT3-ITD similarly as FLT3 autophosphorylation, and induced apoptosis in primary AML patient blasts.
Random password generation of OTP system using changed location and angle of fingerprint features (2008)

Security of internet is becoming the latest important concerns along with extensive application of the Internet. OTP is first security medium for stability strengthening of electron financial transaction. All elements that compose security system over maliciously action can display the performance though accomplish harmony of security elements perfectly. In this paper, we propose the method of one time password key generation of OTP using changed location and angle of fingerprint features. Fingerprint is powerful personal authentication factors, and it can create variable password key for one time using information of fingerprint features. And we performed a simulation for proposed random password key generation method.
Reusable Permanent Guide Base for Guideline System and Bending Troubles in Wellhead System (1990)

ABSTRACT This paper presents the technical and operational feature required by PETROBRAS for PGB used in guideline wellhead system. It emphasizes the following aspects: – The PGB recovery and reusable system; – The guide post recovery and replacement system using running tools or ROV; – The PGB and guide post handling tools„ It's also presented the bending troubles that has occurred in PGB, guide posts and wellhead system since 1981 as well as the solutions adopted to solve these operational problems.
BGP routing stability of popular destinations (2002)

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) plays a crucial role in the delivery of traffic in the Internet. Fluctuations in BGP routes cause degradation in user performance, increased processing load on routers, and changes in the distribution of traffic load over the network. Although earlier studies have raised concern that BGP routes change quite often, previous work has not considered whether these routing fluctuations affect a significant portion of the traffic. This paper shows that the small number of popular destinations responsible for the bulk of Internet traffic have remarkably stable BGP routes. The vast majority of BGP instability stems from a small number of unpopular destinations. We draw these conclusions from a joint analysis of BGP update messages and flow-level traffic measurements from AT&T's IP backbone. In addition, we analyze the routing stability of destination prefixes corresponding to the NetRating's list of popular Web sites using the update messages collected by the RouteViews and RIPE-NCC servers. Our results suggest that operators can engineer their networks under the assumption that the BGP advertisements associated with most of the traffic are reasonably stable.
Design and synthesis of photostable multi-shell Cd-free nanocrystal quantum dots for LED applications (2012)

Multi-shell Cd-free nanocrystals were designed such that (1) the outer-most shell was free of reactive sulfide to prevent corrosion (2) the position of the band-edge emission remained unchanged during multi-shell coating. The photoluminescence and photostability were markedly enhanced and allowed the fabrication of light-emitting diode devices with high color-rendering abilities and high photostability.
Structural and optical properties of chemically deposited CdCr<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>thin films (2003)

Reproducible and good quality CdCr2S4 thin films with different thicknesses were deposited on microscopic glass substrates using the chemical bath deposition process. The x-ray and electron diffraction analysis revealed that the as-deposited films were polycrystalline cubic phase. The optical constants of the deposited films were obtained from the analysis of the experimental recorded transmission and reflectance spectral data over the wavelength range 300–2500 nm. It has been found that the refractive index and extinction coefficient are almost independent of the film thickness. The complex dielectric constants of CdCr2S4 films have been calculated in the investigated wavelength range. An analysis of the optical absorption data of the as-deposited films revealed an optical direct transition with the estimation of the corresponding bandgap value. It was found that the refractive index dispersion data obeyed the single oscillator of the Wemple–DiDomenico model, from which the dispersion parameters and the high-frequency dielectric constant were determined. The electric free carrier susceptibility and the carrier concentration to the effective mass ratio were estimated according to the model of Spitzer and Fan.
Multiubiquitin chains linked through lysine 48 are abundant in vivo and are competent intermediates in the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway. (1993)

A prerequisite for the selective degradation of intracellular proteins by the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway is the attachment of a chain of ubiquitin monomers to the targeted protein. In these multiubiquitin chains, the carboxyl-terminal glycine 76 of ubiquitin is linked via an isopeptide bond to the epsilon-amino group of lysine 48 in the adjacent ubiquitin. It remains to be determined whether these chains are preassembled and attached en masse to the target, are made by sequential conjugation of ubiquitin monomers to ubiquitins already linked to the protein, or both. Using the 20-kDa ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme TaUBC7 from wheat, we have generated free, glycine 76-->lysine 48-linked multiubiquitin chains (Ubqn), and have individually purified Ubqn species (n < or = 6) by anion-exchange, high pressure liquid chromatography. The migration of these chains during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was indistinguishable from those of major ubiquitin immunoreactive proteins in cell lysates from a variety of eukaryotes suggesting that free, multiubiquitin chains are abundant in vivo. One of these chain members (Ubq2) was purified from wheat and was demonstrated via amino acid sequence analysis of tryptic fragments to consist of two ubiquitin monomers joined via a glycine 76-->lysine 48 linkage. We also show in vitro that purified Ubq2 and Ubq4 are competent in activation by ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), in transfer to E2s, and in ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3)-independent conjugation to other Ubqn species and to histones H2A/B. These data demonstrate that multiubiquitin chains exist as free, functional structures in vivo and support the possibility that at least a portion of free ubiquitin is preassembled into multiubiquitin chains prior to its attachment to proteolytic substrates.
Cellular source, activation and inhibition of dental plaque collagenase (1995)

Dental plaque is the major aetiological factor in periodontal diseases and contains several proteolytic enzymes. The origin of these proteinases is, however, poorly studied. This study was undertaken to characterize collagenase present in dental plaque of adult periodontitis patients. Vertebrate-type rather than bacterial-derived collagenase activity was detected in extracts of both supra- and subgingival dental plaque extracts of adult periodontitis patients. Dental plaque collagenase was found to exist predominantly in autoactive form. Dental plaque collagenase from periodontally healthy individuals existed in latent from. Latent dental plaque collagenase from periodontitis lesions could be activated by a 95 kD chymotrypsin-like proteinase from Treponema denticola and human leukocyte cathepsin G but not by human plasmin. Incubation of purified latent leukocyte collagenase with whole cells of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eubacterium saburreum, Prevotella buccae and Porphyromonas gingivalis, however, did not result to the activation of the enzyme. Doxycycline in vitro inhibited dental plaque collagenase with an IC50-value of 20 microM. Dental plaque collagenase degraded more efficiently type I and II collagens than type III collagen. Western-blot analysis with specific anti-human neutrophil collagenase-antibody revealed that both in supra- and subgingival dental plaque extracts dental plaque collagenase had undergone proteolytic conversion from an 80 kD proform to a 58 kD active form which is associated with catalytic autoactivity as measured by functional collagenase assay. This reflects proteolytic activation of leukocyte collagenase in dental plaque probably by other proteases derived from potent periodontopathogenic bacteria such as T. denticola or other PMN proteases such as cathepsin G.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interexaminer Repeatability of a New, Modified Prentice Card Compared with Established Phoria Tests (2002)

Results from this study suggest that the Howell phoria card used in a continuous presentation method has an interexaminer repeatability that is not significantly different from the MIM card but greater than the von Graefe method.
Adiabatic potential-energy surfaces for oxygen on Al(111) (2002)

The initial stage of oxidation of aluminum, i.e., adsorption and dissociation of the oxygen molecule, is one of the common model systems for molecule-surface interactions and dynamics. It might seem surprising that there are still some unsettled key dynamics issues. To assess how much can be accounted for in an adiabatic description, an extensive first-principles density-functional-theory study of large pieces of the potential-energy hypersurface (PES) of ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ on the Al(111) surface is performed. Properties calculated for the free-${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ molecule, the clean Al(111) surface, and atomic O on the Al(111) surface get values close to measured ones and/or earlier calculated ones, which gives confidence in the method. The calculated PES for ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}/\mathrm{Al}(111)$ shows (i) an entrance-channel energy barrier in only one channel having the molecular axis parallel to the surface, out of many; (ii) a molecularly chemisorbed state, an ${\mathrm{``}\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{2\ensuremath{-}}''$ precursor state, in all the considered channels with nonparallel molecular axis; (iii) potential for abstraction, i.e., dissociative decay by emission of one neutral O atom; and (iv) both single and close-paired atomically adsorbed O atoms as possible end products. Furthermore, the calculated diffusion barrier (\ensuremath{\approx}0.7 eV) for an O adatom on the surface could rule out the thermal motion of the adsorbed O atoms along the surface at low temperatures. The predicted abstraction channel finds compelling evidence in a recent laser/STM study and resolves a long-standing issue of seemingly huge separations between adsorbed oxygen atoms after dissociation on the Al(111) surface. The predicted metastable molecular state should have great consequences for the dynamics and is stabilized by the very nonequivalent Al-surface field on the oxygen atoms of the nonparallel ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ molecule. The absence of absolute energy barriers in almost all of the considered adiabatic entrance channels suggests nonadiabatic processes to be required to explain the measured low initial sticking probability and its radical growth with increasing translational energy.
Epoxide Hydrolase Lsd19 for Polyether Formation in the Biosynthesis of Lasalocid A: Direct Experimental Evidence on Polyene-Polyepoxide Hypothesis in Polyether Biosynthesis (2008)

Polyether metabolites are an important class of natural products. Although their biosynthesis, especially construction of polyether skeletons, attracted organic chemists for many years, no experimental data on the enzymatic polyether formation has been obtained. In this study, a putative epoxide hydrolase gene lsd19 found on the biosynthetic gene cluster of an ionophore polyether lasalocid was cloned and successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Using the purified Lsd19, a proposed substrate, bisepoxyprelasalocid, and its synthesized analogue were successfully converted into lasalocid A and its derivative via a 6-endo-tet cyclization mode. On the other hand, treatment of the bisepoxide with trichloroacetic acid gave isolasalocid A via a 5-exo-tet cyclization mode. Therefore, the enzymatic conversion observed in this study unambiguously showed that the bisepoxyprelasalocid is an intermediate of the lasalocid biosynthesis and that Lsd19 catalyzes the sequential cyclic ether formations involving an energetically disfavored 6-endo-tet cyclization. This is the first example of the enzymatic epoxide-opening reactions leading to a polyether natural product.
Online Knowledge Distillation via Collaborative Learning (2020)

This work presents an efficient yet effective online Knowledge Distillation method via Collaborative Learning, termed KDCL, which is able to consistently improve the generalization ability of deep neural networks (DNNs) that have different learning capacities. Unlike existing two-stage knowledge distillation approaches that pre-train a DNN with large capacity as the ''teacher'' and then transfer the teacher's knowledge to another ''student'' DNN unidirectionally (i.e. one-way), KDCL treats all DNNs as ''students'' and collaboratively trains them in a single stage (knowledge is transferred among arbitrary students during collaborative training), enabling parallel computing, fast computations, and appealing generalization ability. Specifically, we carefully design multiple methods to generate soft target as supervisions by effectively ensembling predictions of students and distorting the input images. Extensive experiments show that KDCL consistently improves all the ''students'' on different datasets, including CIFAR-100 and ImageNet. For example, when trained together by using KDCL, ResNet-50 and MobileNetV2 achieve 78.2% and 74.0% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet, outperforming the original results by 1.4% and 2.0% respectively. We also verify that models pre-trained with KDCL transfer well to object detection and semantic segmentation on MS COCO dataset. For instance, the FPN detector is improved by 0.9% mAP.
Real-Time Wind Estimation and Tracking with Transponder Downlinked Airspeed and Heading Data (1987)

The use of magnetic heading and true air speed measurements made on board civil airplanes to assist in radar tracking is described. The data are telemetered via the air-ground data link of the mode S radar system. A new filter, similar to the first-order Kalman filter, is developed using velocity measurements to bias its prediction equations. This filter follows satisfactorily maneuvers, and estimates, in real time, the wind in the vicinity of the airplane. Finally a scheme is described to remove false data due to data-link corruption.
Vancomycin: ligand recognition, dimerization and super‐complex formation (2013)

The antibiotic vancomycin targets lipid II, blocking cell wall synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. Despite extensive study, questions remain regarding how it recognizes its primary ligand and what is the most biologically relevant form of vancomycin. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation techniques have been used to examine the process of ligand binding and dimerization of vancomycin. Starting from one or more vancomycin monomers in solution, together with different peptide ligands derived from lipid II, the simulations predict the structures of the ligated monomeric and dimeric complexes to within 0.1 nm rmsd of the structures determined experimentally. The simulations reproduce the conformation transitions observed by NMR and suggest that proposed differences between the crystal structure and the solution structure are an artifact of the way the NMR data has been interpreted in terms of a structural model. The spontaneous formation of both back-to-back and face-to-face dimers was observed in the simulations. This has allowed a detailed analysis of the origin of the cooperatively between ligand binding and dimerization and suggests that the formation of face-to-face dimers could be functionally significant. The work also highlights the possible role of structural water in stabilizing the vancomycin ligand complex and its role in the manifestation of vancomycin resistance.
A Phase I Trial to Determine the Optimal Biological Dose of Celecoxib when Combined with Erlotinib in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2006)

This study defines the OBD of celecoxib when combined with a fixed dose of EGFR TKI. These results show objective responses with an acceptable toxicity profile. Future trials using COX-2 inhibition strategies should use the OBD of celecoxib at 600 mg bid.
Experimental evaluation of interference cancellation for dual-antenna UMTS handset (2006)

This paper addresses an experimental evaluation of a dual-antenna mobile receiver for UMTS. The interference cancellation technique chosen is an extension of the generalized Rake (G-Rake) receiver for two receive antennas. We show that the gain of a dual-branch G-Rake receiver over a single branch Rake receiver varies from 4 dB to 7 dB in Ec/Ior in the presence of a co-channel interfering signal in an over-the-air indoor channel.
Bisphosphonates inhibit prostate and breast carcinoma cell adhesion to unmineralized and mineralized bone extracellular matrices. (1997)

The molecular mechanisms by which tumor cells induce osteolytic metastases are likely to involve tumor cell adhesion to bone as well as the release of soluble mediators from tumor cells that stimulate osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are powerful inhibitors of the osteoclast activity and are, therefore, used in the treatment of cancer-associated osteolytic metastases. Here, we investigated the effect of BPs on breast and prostate carcinoma cell adhesion to unmineralized and mineralized bone extracellular matrices. BP pretreatment of tumor cells inhibited tumor cell adhesion to unmineralized and mineralized osteoblastic extracellular matrices in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, BP did not affect adhesion of normal cells (fibroblasts) to extracellular matrices. The order of potency for four BPs in inhibiting tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrices was found to be: ibandronate > NE-10244 (antiresorptive active pyridinium analogue of risedronate) > pamidronate > clodronate. BP did not affect [3H]thymidine incorporation by tumor cells, as assessed by a mitogenesis assay, indicating that BP did not exert any cytotoxic effect at concentrations used to inhibit tumor cell adhesion. NE-58051, the inactive pyridylpropylidene analogue of risedronate, had no inhibitory effect on tumor cell adhesion compared to that observed with its active counterpart NE-10244, suggesting that the mechanism of action of BP on tumor cells involved a stereospecific recognition step. Although integrins mediate cell-matrix interactions, BP recognition by tumor cells did not modulate cell surface integrin expression. In conclusion, our results provide evidence for a direct cellular effect of BP in preventing tumor cell adhesion to bone, suggesting that BPs may be useful agents for the prophylactic treatment of patients with cancer that is known to preferentially metastasize to bone.
Critical patient eHealth monitoring system using wearable sensors (2017)

Patient monitoring has advanced over the years, from bed side monitors in the hospital, to wearable devices that can monitor patients and communicate their data remotely to medical servers over wireless networks. It is a process that involves monitoring major vital signs of a patient, to check if their health is normal or deteriorating within a period of time. In a remote situation, vital signs information, can help health care providers to easily send help to patients when their health is at immediate risk. The problem with this kind of remote monitoring system is that most times the patients must be within a specified location to either monitor their health or receive emergency help. This paper presents a potential solution in the form of a global vital sign monitoring system and consists of two components to demonstrate the functionality; a wearable wireless monitoring device that records the temperature and pulse rate of the patient wearing it and a web application, which allows the patient and the emergency response unit to interact together over cellular network.
Automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy using an artificial neural network: a screening tool. (1996)

Detection of vessels, exudates, and haemorrhages was possible, with success rates dependent upon preprocessing and the number of images used in training. When compared with the ophthalmologist, the network achieved good accuracy for the detection of diabetic retinopathy. The system could be used as an aid to the screening of diabetic patients for retinopathy.
Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 – thirty years of strain improvement (2011)

The hypersecreting mutant Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 (ATCC 56765) is one of the most widely used strains of filamentous fungi for the production of cellulolytic enzymes and recombinant proteins, and for academic research. The strain was obtained after three rounds of random mutagenesis of the wild-type QM6a in a screening program focused on high cellulase production and catabolite derepression. Whereas RUT-C30 achieves outstanding levels of protein secretion and high cellulolytic activity in comparison to the wild-type QM6a, recombinant protein production has been less successful. Here, we bring together and discuss the results from biochemical-, microscopic-, genomic-, transcriptomic-, glycomic- and proteomic-based research on the RUT-C30 strain published over the last 30 years.