gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High power output InGaAsP/InP buried heterostructure lasers (1981)

A novel InGaAsP/InP buried heterostructure (BH) laser was fabricated on a p-InP substrate. This laser can provide a peak pulse output of 0.8 W per facet with a stable lateral transverse mode oscillation and enables the fault location measurement of a single mode fibre cable over 20 km.
Effect of Herbicides Applied in Winter Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) Stubble on Weed Management in Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>)<sup>1</sup> (2000)

Field studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate weed control by 15 herbicide treatments in wheat stubble and in the succeeding corn crop. Atrazine at 2.24 kg ai/ha plus several herbicide treatments were applied about 13, 21, and 33 d following winter wheat harvest on separate plots in 1992 and 1993 in a soybean–winter wheat–corn rotation. Atrazine with and without 2,4-D isooctyl ester at 1.46 kg ae/ha or dicamba at 0.36 kg ae/ha did not control barnyardgrass, green foxtail, horseweed, kochia, stinkgrass, tumble thistle, or witchgrass in the wheat stubble 30 d after treatment. Atrazine mixtures containing glyphosate or paraquat with or without 2,4-D or dicamba controlled most summer annual weed species. Atrazine plus paraquat at 0.43 kg ai/ha was more effective on redroot pigweed and tumble thistle than atrazine plus glyphosate at 0.43 kg ae/ha plus 2,4-D at 0.95 kg ae/ha. Atrazine plus glyphosate mixtures were more effective on barnyardgrass for the first and second application date than atrazine plus paraquat. Increasing the glyphosate rate from 0.43 to 0.67 kg/ha was necessary to control barnyardgrass 95% at the first date. With the first date of application, kochia control was greater when 2,4-D or dicamba was added to the atrazine plus paraquat (0.43 kg/ha) mixture. Although annual grass control was generally greater when weeds approached maturity, early applications are a more sound weed control strategy because of soil water conservation and prevention of weed seed production. However, corn yields in 1993 were greater on plots treated at the third application in 1992 because weed biomass in corn was less. In 1994, corn yields were highest for the first application in 1993, probably because of better weed control in the corn. Above average rainfall in 1993 and 1994 aided corn yields.Nomenclature: 2,4-D; atrazine; dicamba; glyphosate; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. #3 ECHCG; green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. # SETVI; horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. # ERICA; kochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. # KCHSC; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMARE; stinkgrass, Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) E. Mosher # ERACN; tumble thistle, Salsola collina Pall.; witchgrass, Panicum capillare L. # PANCA; corn, Zea mays L. # ZEAMX ‘Wilson 1640’; soybean, Glycine max L. Merr. GLYMA; winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. # TRAES ‘Arapahoe’.Additional index words: Conservation tillage, ecofallow, no-tillage, triazine-resistant kochia.Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; NIS, nonionic surfactant; TR, triazine-resistant.
Inhibitory activity of dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine against phytopathogenic fungi (2011)

The antifungal activities of dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine, isolated from the leaves of Macleaya microcarpa, were evaluated on 12 plant pathogenic fungi; the two compounds exhibited the highest antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea Pers. Among the 11 tested plant pathogenic fungi in vitro, the two compounds showed the highest antifungal activity against B. cinerea Pers, with 95.16% and 98.32% mycelial growth inhibition at 50 µg mL⁻¹, respectively. In addition, the two compounds inhibited spore germination in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. They also showed potent protective and curative effects against Erysiphe graminis and B. cinerea in vivo. This is the first report on the antifungal activity of dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine against pathogenic plant fungi.
Micropatterned Protective Membranes Inhibit Lens Epithelial Cell Migration in Posterior Capsule Opacification Model (2015)

A novel IOL incorporating the SK micropattern in a membrane design surrounding the optic may help increase the success of cataract surgery by reducing secondary cataract, or PCO.
Proposal to replace the illegitimate genus name Bryantella Wolin et al. 2004VP with the genus name Marvinbryantia gen. nov. and to replace the illegitimate combination Bryantella formatexigens Wolin et al. 2004VP with Marvinbryantia formatexigens comb. nov. (2008)

The prokaryote generic name Bryantella Wolin et al. 2004(VP) is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of Bryantella Chickering, 1946 (Animalia, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae, Dendryphantinae, Dendryphantini) and a later homonym of Bryantella Britton, 1957 (Animalia, Arthropoda, Scarabaeoidea, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae) [Principle 2, Rule 51b(4) of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)]. Bryantella represents a genus of jumping spiders within the family Salticidae and a genus of melolonthine scarab beetles within the family Scarabaeidae. Therefore, a new genus name, Marvinbryantia gen. nov., is proposed for this taxon. As a result, a new combination, Marvinbryantia formatexigens comb. nov., is required for the type species to replace the illegitimate combination Bryantella formatexigens Wolin et al. 2004(VP).
Learning Semantic Concepts and Order for Image and Sentence Matching (2017)

Image and sentence matching has made great progress recently, but it remains challenging due to the large visual-semantic discrepancy. This mainly arises from that the representation of pixel-level image usually lacks of high-level semantic information as in its matched sentence. In this work, we propose a semantic-enhanced image and sentence matching model, which can improve the image representation by learning semantic concepts and then organizing them in a correct semantic order. Given an image, we first use a multi-regional multi-label CNN to predict its semantic concepts, including objects, properties, actions, etc. Then, considering that different orders of semantic concepts lead to diverse semantic meanings, we use a context-gated sentence generation scheme for semantic order learning. It simultaneously uses the image global context containing concept relations as reference and the groundtruth semantic order in the matched sentence as supervision. After obtaining the improved image representation, we learn the sentence representation with a conventional LSTM, and then jointly perform image and sentence matching and sentence generation for model learning. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our learned semantic concepts and order, by achieving the state-of-the-art results on two public benchmark datasets.
Influence of the crystallization conditions on the morphology of the contact layer of polyethylene crystallized on graphite: Atomic force microscopy studies (2002)

Abstract The influence of crystallization conditions on the morphology of the contact layer of high‐density polyethylene crystallized on graphite has been investigated. The characteristic morphology of the polyethylene contact layer consists of striated, ribbonlike structures organized in domains in which the striations follow the same direction. The directions in different domains reflect the threefold symmetry of the graphite lattice. From the dependence of the width of ribbons on the crystallization conditions (i.e., the cooling rate and annealing), it has been concluded that the polymer chain is aligned parallel to the striation directions and that the ribbon width corresponds to the lamellar width. Therefore, the lamellar width in the contact layer (60 and 80 nm for cooling rates of 10 and 0.2°/min, respectively) is considerably bigger than in the bulk (ca. 26 nm). In addition, the chain orientation can be uniform over large areas, but the domain orientation can be disturbed by the presence of pits only one atomic layer deep (0.335 nm) if they are formed on the graphite surface. These results show the great importance of the nanostructure of the support for polymer chain alignment and epitaxial crystallization of polymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1329–1336, 2002
Light Processing and Optical Devices Using Nano-Sized Droplets of Liquid Crystal Dispersed in Polymer (1999)

A polymer containing fine droplets of liquid crystal (LC) smaller than 100 nm was investigated for use as an electro-optic material. Two light-processing methods using LC droplets were achieved by making the direction of an applied electric field perpendicular or parallel to the light beam. One method was used to construct a variable retarder, and the other was used to make a phase modulator. First, a prepolymer and bulk LC were mixed; then strong UV irradiation was used to induce photo-polymerization, which resulted in quick phase separation and fine LC droplets. The high density of fine droplets created a large electro-optic effect with a low propagation loss. A halfwave voltage of 45 V, equivalent to an electric field of 2.3 V/pRm, was achieved in the variable retarder. The phase modulator showed a polarization-independent phase shift larger than Ar, which corresponds to a refractive index change of 0.019, when 16 V/pm was applied.
An optimal algorithm for Monte Carlo estimation (2002)

A typical approach to estimate an unknown quantity /spl mu/ is to design an experiment that produces a random variable Z distributed in [O,1] with E[Z]=/spl mu/, run this experiment independently a number of times and use the average of the outcomes as the estimate. In this paper, we consider the case when no a priori information about Z is known except that is distributed in [0,1]. We describe an approximation algorithm AA which, given /spl epsiv/ and /spl delta/, when running independent experiments with respect to any Z, produces an estimate that is within a factor 1+/spl epsiv/ of /spl mu/ with probability at least 1-/spl delta/. We prove that the expected number of experiments ran by AA (which depends on Z) is optimal to within a constant factor for every Z.
Low noise composite gear consisting of resin and steel without lubrication (2006)

Recently, low noise gears without lubrication are required for business machines and robots, because they are used in open space. The present article provides a new type gear consisting of steel and resin (called Delrin-100), which has good lubrication characteristics. Our gear has profile shifted steel gear teeth. Delrin-100 resin is inserted in a grove, which is cut around the gear teeth of the steel gear so as to have strong gear teeth. Hence, the tooth made of Delrin resin is supported at both sides. This means that only resin gear tooth contacts to the follower gear tooth, but steel gear tooth does not contact. Production processes are presented for the gear, and its characteristics are investigated. It is ascertained that the strength of our gear is greater than that of a plastic gear, and noise of our gear is small in comparison with plastic gears. The design method is presented, and effects of frictions on the position control are also investigated.
Bacterial Quorum Sensing: Functional Features and Potential Applications in Biotechnology (2012)

Quorum sensing (QS) represents an exceptional pattern of cell-to-cell communication in bacteria using self-synthesized signalling molecules known as autoinducers. Various features regulated by QS in bacteria include virulence, biofilm formation, sporulation, genetic competence and bioluminescence, among others. Other than the diverse signalling properties of autoinducers, there are non-signalling properties also associated with these signalling molecules which make them potential antimicrobial agents and metal chelators. Additionally, QS signal antagonism has also been shown to be a promising alternative for blocking pathogenic diseases. Besides, QS has impressive design features useful in tissue engineering and biosensor technology. Although many aspects of QS are well understood, several other features remain largely unknown, especially in biotechnology applications. This review focuses on the functional features and potential applications of QS signalling molecules in biotechnology.
Ethics, programming, and virtual environments (1997)

We have devised a novel experiential approach to teaching students about the social impact of computers and the ethical, legal, and social responsibilities of computing professionals. Rather than teaching these topics in a traditional classroom manner, we teach them in a text-based online virtual educational environment. At the same time we use the environment's object-oriented design to instruct the students in object-oriented concepts, and to introduce them to software engineering by having them work in groups. The approach is proving extremely successful.
Developmental-form-specific DNA-binding proteins in Chlamydia spp (1988)

We identified DNA-binding proteins specific to the elementary body (EB) developmental form of Chlamydia spp. Chlamydial proteins from whole lysates were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with nick-translated chlamydial DNA. By this method, C. trachomatis serovar L2 EBs had three unique protein bands of 58,000, 25,700, and 17,000 molecular weight not seen in the reticulate bodies. The 17,000-molecular-weight protein and the 25,700-molecular-weight protein were identified in an acid-soluble protein fraction and were resistant to high-salt elution, similar to other procaryotic nucleoproteins. The 17,000-molecular-weight protein was also detected in preparations with isolated chromosomes from EBs. Preliminary characterization indicated that the protein-DNA interaction was principally charge related.
Clinical Aspects of β-Blockade (1986)

beta-Blocking drugs have no or only a partial beta-agonistic activity (ISA). Since they all bind to beta receptors, they act as competitive inhibitors of the endogenous catecholamines. In addition to this common effect, the beta-blocking drugs also have other properties that may be clinically important, such as extent of beta 1 selectivity, ISA, and lipophilicity. The importance of these properties in the clinical setting is reviewed.
TMDS as a Dual‐Purpose Reductant in the Regioselective Ring Cleavage of Hexopyranosyl Acetals to Ethers (2012)

Abstract 1,1,3,3‐Tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) has been developed as an excellent dual‐purpose reductant for the highly regioselective ring cleavage of various hexopyranosyl 4,6‐ O ‐acetals with Cu(OTf) 2 or AlCl 3 to afford the corresponding primary and secondary ethers. Its application to the concise synthesis of carbohydrate‐based surfactants is highlighted.
Monoclonal antibodies to secreted antigens of <i>Brugia malayi</i> define a cross‐reactive non‐phosphocholine determinant on helminth parasites (1991)

The excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of the filarial parasite Brugia malayi adult (BmA) and microfilariae (MF) were analysed for differences in their protein composition by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both BmA and MF biosynthetically labelled with [3H]-leucine released a 200 kD molecule with pI (isoelectric point) ranging from 5.1 to 6.8. A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to phosphocholine (PC) immunoprecipitated the 200 kD molecule with a PI of 5.1-5.3 from both BmA and MF. Immunization of CBA/N mice with ES antigens resulted in MoAb that reacted with PC, as well as some that did not (ES-1, ES-2 and ES-3). The epitopes recognized by these non-PC MoAb varied greatly in their molecular weight, heat-resistance, TCA-solubility and metaperiodate-sensitivity, which suggests a proteoglycan nature of the epitope. An antigen capture assay using ES-1 and ES-3 detected a circulating filarial antigen not only in patients infected with Wuchereria bancrofti (77-83% of those with asymptomatic microfilaraemia and 52-60% of those with chronic lymphatic obstruction) but also in serum from patients infected with other helminth parasites (12-100%). Indeed, the epitope recognized by these MoAb was also present on other helminth parasites, which suggests conservation of a carbohydrate-like prosthetic group(s) on diverse helminth species.
Childhood maltreatment is associated with altered fear circuitry and increased internalizing symptoms by late adolescence (2013)

Maltreatment during childhood is a major risk factor for anxiety and depression, which are major public health problems. However, the underlying brain mechanism linking maltreatment and internalizing disorders remains poorly understood. Maltreatment may alter the activation of fear circuitry, but little is known about its impact on the connectivity of this circuitry in adolescence and whether such brain changes actually lead to internalizing symptoms. We examined the associations between experiences of maltreatment during childhood, resting-state functional brain connectivity (rs-FC) of the amygdala and hippocampus, and internalizing symptoms in 64 adolescents participating in a longitudinal community study. Childhood experiences of maltreatment were associated with lower hippocampus-subgenual cingulate rs-FC in both adolescent females and males and lower amygdala-subgenual cingulate rs-FC in females only. Furthermore, rs-FC mediated the association of maltreatment during childhood with adolescent internalizing symptoms. Thus, maltreatment in childhood, even at the lower severity levels found in a community sample, may alter the regulatory capacity of the brain's fear circuit, leading to increased internalizing symptoms by late adolescence. These findings highlight the importance of fronto-hippocampal connectivity for both sexes in internalizing symptoms following maltreatment in childhood. Furthermore, the impact of maltreatment during childhood on both fronto-amygdala and -hippocampal connectivity in females may help explain their higher risk for internalizing disorders such as anxiety and depression.
Claudins as prognostic factors for renal cell cancer. (2014)

Claudins 1 and 2 were associated with tumor grade. However, none of the claudins was a more powerful prognostic factor than tumor stage.
Heterocyclic steroids: Synthesis of androsteno[17,16‐<i>d</i>]pyrazoles and androsteno[17,16‐<i>e</i>]pyrimidines (1995)

Abstract The Vilsmeier‐Haack reaction of 3β‐acetoxyandost‐5‐en‐17‐one ( 1 ) with phosporous oxychloride and dimethylformamide gave 3β‐acetoxy‐17‐chloro‐16‐formylandrosta‐5,16‐diene ( 2 ). Reaction of 2 with hydrazine and phenylhydrazine provided substituted 5‐androsteno[17,16‐ d ]pyrazoles 3 and 4 respectively. Similarly, condensation of 2 with urea and guanidine hydrochloride revealed the formation of the corresponding substituted pyrimidines 5 and 6 respectively.
Cross-linking and O-acetylation of peptidoglycan in Staphylococcus aureus (strains H and MR-1) grown in the presence of sub-growth-inhibitory concentrations of  -lactam antibiotic (1991)

Staphylococcus aureus H was grown for 4 generation times with various sub-growth-inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics specific for particular penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) - PBP2, clavulanic acid; PBP3, methicillin; PBP4, cefoxitin - and also with the non-specific benzylpenicillin. Isolated cell walls were digested with Chalaropsis muramidase and the resulting peptidoglycan fragments were fractionated by HPLC into disaccharide-peptide monomers and cross-linked dimers, trimers, tetramers and greater oligomers. The pattern of relative fragment concentrations with increasing amounts of drug was roughly the same regardless of the antibiotic used, monomers and dimers increasing while trimers and tetramers changed little and oligomers decreased rapidly. The patterns resembled closely those predicted by the 'random addition' model for multiple cross-link formation and not at all those predicted by the 'monomer addition' model. The O-acetylation of the peptidoglycan remained essentially unaffected under all these conditions. S. aureus MR-1, a constitutive producer of PBP2', gave similar results when treated with methicillin.
Receiver window design for multicarrier communication systems (2002)

Multicarrier modulation formats have been chosen for some wireline and wireless communication systems. These systems use the Fourier transform to convert a convolutive channel into multiple memoryless subchannels, which allows for simple equalization at the receiver. However, because the received signal is windowed in time, noise is spread between subchannels. As a result, narrowband interference sources can degrade the performance over a large number of subchannels. Receiver windowing has been proposed as a computationally efficient technique for reducing noise spreading in multicarrier communication systems. We propose a receiver window design algorithm which minimizes the noise power of the demodulated multicarrier signal. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the windows on a variety of different channels and noise sources.
Technical knockout: understanding poxvirus pathogenesis by selectively deleting viral immunomodulatory genes (2004)

The study of viral pathogens with genomes as large and complex as poxviruses represents a constant experimental challenge. Advances in recombinant DNA technologies have provided sophisticated methods to produce mutants defective in one or more viral genes, termed knockout (KO) viruses, thereby facilitating research into the impact of specific gene products on viral pathogenesis. Such strategies have rapidly advanced the systematic mining of many poxvirus genomes and enabled researchers to identify and characterize poxvirus genes whose functions represent the culmination of host and pathogen coevolution. Of particular interest are the multiple classes of virus-encoded immunomodulatory proteins that have evolved specifically to allow poxviruses to evade, obstruct or subvert critical elements within the host innate and acquired immune responses. Functional characterization of these viral genes by generating KO viruses and investigating the phenotypic changes that result is an important tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying poxvirus replication and pathogenesis. Moreover, the insights gained have led to new developments in basic and clinical virology, provided a basis for the design of new vaccines and antivirals, and increased the potential application of poxviruses as investigative tools and sources of biotherapeutics for the treatment of human diseases.
The Equilibrium Diagram of the Complete Ternary System, Copper-Antimony-Nickel. First Report. The State of Equilibria between the Liquid and Solid of the Ternary System (1940)

The whole ternary system Cu-Sb-Ni has been studied by thermal, electric resistance, X-ray and microscopic methods, and the heterogeneous equilibria between the liquid and solid have been elucidated, constructing many sectional diagrams, isothermal diagrams as well as a projectional diagram. The salient points of the present investigation may be cited as follows:-(1) α and β phases of the Ni-Sb system makes a continuous solid solution with α and β phases respectively of the Cu-Sb system. (2) The maximum point of the β phase of the Ni-Sb system lowers by addition of Cu down to the maximum point of the Cu-Sb system, thus making a continuous series of maximum. (3) There exists no ternary compound. Solid solutions that react with liquid are the hollowing 6 phases, α, β, γ_??_, ξ, ε, each of them having its liquidus surface. (4) The monovariant reactions which make boundaries of the primary surfaces are L_??_α+β; L_??_β+γn L+β_??_γc; L_??_ξ+ε L+γn_??_ξ; L_??_γc+ε L_??_γn+γc; L_??_γn+ε. Among these reactions the former six have their origin in the binary systems, while the latter two exist only in the ternary system. (5) The non-variant reactions pertaining to liquid are L+β_??_γn+γc (584°; 42.5% Cu, 52.5%, Sb, 5.0% Ni) L+γn_??_ξ+ε (620°; 0.1% Cu, 97.9% Sb, 2.0% Ni) L_??_ γn+γc+ε (521; 21.5% Cu, 77% Sb, 1.5% Ni ) The heterogeneous reactions of the phases in the solid state of the whole ternary system will be treated in the next report.