gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Purified Eicosapentaenoic Acid Treatment Improves Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2008)

Recent studies have demonstrated that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Although eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), one of the major components of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, is widely used as an antilipidemic agent, its single efficacy for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. As such, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EPA on 23 biopsy-proven NASH patients in a pilot trial. Highly purified EPA (2700 mg/d) was administered for 12 months and efficacy was assessed by biochemical parameters and liver histology. All patients completed the treatment with no adverse events, indicating acceptable tolerance to the treatment. After 12 months, serum alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly improved (from 79+/-36 to 50+/-20 U/L), and serum free fatty acids, plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 levels, and serum ferritin and thioredoxin levels, which may reflect hepatic oxidative stress, were significantly decreased. Body weight, blood glucose, insulin, and adiponectin concentrations remained unchanged. Seven of the 23 patients consented to undergo posttreatment liver biopsy, which showed improvement of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and lobular inflammation in 6 patients. In conclusion, EPA treatment seems to be safe and efficacious for patients with NASH, largely due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. To confirm these results, appropriately powered, controlled trials are needed.
Electronic Structure of Square Planar Bis(benzene-1,2-dithiolato)metal Complexes [M(L)<sub>2</sub>]<i><sup>z</sup></i> (<i>z</i> = 2−, 1−, 0; M = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au):  An Experimental, Density Functional, and Correlated ab Initio Study (2005)

The three diamagnetic square planar complexes of nickel(II), palladium(II), and platinum(II) containing two S,S-coordinated 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,2-dithiolate ligands, (L(Bu))(2-), namely [M(II)(L(Bu))(2)](2-), have been synthesized. The corresponding paramagnetic monoanions [M(II)(L(Bu))(L(Bu)(*))](-) (S = (1)/(2)) and the neutral diamagnetic species [M(II)(L(Bu)(*))(2)] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) have also been generated in solution or in the solid state as [N(n-Bu)(4)][M(II)(L(Bu))(L(Bu)(*))] salts. The corresponding complex [Cu(III)(L(Bu))(2)](-) has also been investigated. The complexes have been studied by UV-vis, IR, and EPR spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography; their electro- and magnetochemistry is reported. The electron-transfer series [M(L(Bu))(2)](2-,-,0) is shown to be ligand based involving formally one (L(Bu)(*))(-) pi radical in the monoanion or two in the neutral species [M(II)(L(Bu)(*))(2)] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). Geometry optimizations using all-electron density functional theory with scalar relativistic corrections at the second-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH2) and zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) levels result in excellent agreement with the experimentally determined structures and electronic spectra. For the three neutral species a detailed analysis of the orbital structures reveals that the species may best be described as containing two strongly antiferromagnetically interacting ligand radicals. Furthermore, multiconfigurational ab initio calculations using the spectroscopy oriented configuration interaction (SORCI) approach including the ZORA correction were carried out. The calculations predict the position of the intervalence charge-transfer band well. Chemical trends in the diradical characters deduced from the multiconfigurational singlet ground-state wave function along a series of metals and ligands were discussed.
Atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry (2003)

Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is the last arrival in the family of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods to couple mass spectrometry (MS) to liquid-phase separation techniques. The basic idea was to further extend the fields of application of liquid chromatography (LC)-MS to those molecules that are not, or are poorly amenable, to electrospray (ESI) or APCI. The present review explores the literature. After a short introduction with an historical background and the premises for its development, we describe the technique, its physical principles, and the factors that affect its efficiency. The review also presents a survey of applications in different fields.
Characterization of Wafer-Level Thermocompression Bonds (2004)

Thermocompression bonding joins substrates via a bonding layer. In this paper, silicon substrates were bonded using gold thin films. Experimental data on the effects of bonding pressure (30 to 120 MPa), temperature (260 and 300/spl deg/C), and time (2 to 90 min) on the bond toughness, measured using the four-point bend technique, are presented. In general, higher temperature and pressure lead to higher toughness bonds. Considerable variation in toughness was observed across specimens. Possible causes of the nonuniform bond quality were explored using finite element analysis. Simulation results showed that the mask layout contributed to the pressure nonuniformity applied across the wafer. Finally, some process guidelines for successful wafer-level bonding using gold thin films are presented.
A Bound on the MSE of Oversampled Dithered Quantization With Feedback (2009)

We analyze the behavior of the mean squared error (MSE) achievable by oversampled, uniform scalar quantization using feedback, pre- and post-filters of unrestricted order, when encoding wide-sense stationary discrete-time random sources having (possibly) unbounded support. Our results are based upon the use of subtractively dithered uniform scalar quantizers. We consider the number of quantization levels, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> , to be given and fixed, which lends itself to fixed-rate encoding, and focus on the cases in which <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> is insufficient to avoid overload. In order to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop, we consider the use of a clipper before the scalar quantizer. Our results are valid for zero-mean sources having independent innovations whose moments satisfy some mild requirements, which are met by infinite-support distributions such as Gaussian and Laplacian. We show that, for fixed <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> , the MSE can be made to decay with the oversampling ratio lambda as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</i> (e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-c</sup> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">lambda</sup> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sup> ) when lambda tends to infinity, where <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> [0.5( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -1)] <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> . We note that the latter bound is asymptotic in lambda but not in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> , and that it includes clipping errors.
Systematic Review: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for Adults with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (2007)

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators are efficacious in reducing mortality for adult patients with LV systolic dysfunction, and this benefit extends to nontrial populations. Improved risk stratification tools to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from ICD are needed.
Preoperative Assessment of Skin Colonization and Antibiotic Effectiveness in Total Knee Arthroplasty (1994)

A bacteriologic screening procedure was performed to preoperatively assess the skin flora of 152 total knee arthroplasty patients and to determine the appropriate prophylactic antibiotic and skin-cleansing technique. Staphylococcus epidermidis resistant to standard prophylactic antibiotics was present in 4.6% of patients, whereas 44% of the patients had Staphylococcus aureus, which is poorly eradicated by standard cleansing techniques. Preoperative assessment of skin colonization has demonstrated that standard preoperative antibiotics and skin-cleansing techniques will not completely eradicate all pathogenic skin bacteria in every case. Preoperative screening effectively identifies bacterial skin flora and allows for the modification of antibiotic selection and preoperative cleansing to eradicate resistant bacterial organisms and thereby decrease the risk of postoperative prosthetic infections.
Interactive texturing on objects in images via a sketching interface (2011)

In this paper, we propose an interactive system for texturing objects in images without reconstructing the full 3D models. To make the texturing process easy for users, we emphasize on intuitiveness, and our system lets users perform texturing via a sketching interface. In addition, our system provides simple tools for specifying occlusion and perspective of the texturing objects. To texture with our system, first, with the sketching interface, users design the normal vector fields of objects in images that they wish to paste textures on. Next, to depict the shapes of the objects, the textures are deformed according to the normal vector fields, and pasted in the images over the objects. Once the textures are pasted on the images, users can manipulate (move, scale and rotate) the textures, and see the textures deformed interactively as if the textures were pasted on 3D models. The proposed system is tested with various kinds of objects in images, and we show that our system supports texturing with textures of regular, near-regular and irregular types.
Prevention of Surface Corrugation Thermal Deformation for InGaAsP/InP DFB Lasers (1983)

Thermal deformation mechanism for surface corrugations fabricated on InP and InGaAsP crystal surfaces has been analyzed, and threshold value existence for PH 3 partial pressure in H 2 ambient to prevent the deformation is shown. It has been verified that as-fabricated corrugation height can be conserved even after the LPE process by preventing thermal deformation before growth and by retaining an adequate supersaturation for the growth melt. Applying the results of these studies, heterostructures for 1.3∼1.5 µm region DFB lasers with first order grating of near 1000 Å corrugation height have been fabricated.
Blockade of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Exacerbates Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice (2003)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is expressed in different tissues and cells, including pancreas and lymphocytes, and can induce apoptosis in various tumor cells but not in most normal cells. The specific roles of TRAIL in health and disease remain unclear. Here we show by cDNA array analyses that TRAIL gene expression is upregulated in pancreatic islets during the development of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and in Min6 islet beta-cells activated by TNF-alpha + interferon-gamma. However, stimulation of freshly isolated pancreatic islets or Min6 cells with TRAIL did not induce their apoptosis. TRAIL blockade exacerbates the onset of type 1 diabetes in NOD.Scid recipients of transferred diabetogenic T-cells and in cyclophosphamide-treated NOD mice. TRAIL inhibits the proliferation of NOD diabetogenic T-cells by suppressing interleukin (IL)-2 production and cell cycle progression, and this inhibition can be rescued in the presence of exogenous IL-2. cDNA array and Western blot analyses indicate that TRAIL upregulates the expression of the cdk inhibitor p27(kip1). Our data suggest that TRAIL is an important immune regulator of the development of type 1 diabetes.
Asynchronous TDMA ad hoc networks: scheduling and performance (2004)

Abstract A common assumption of time division multiple access (TDMA)‐based wireless ad hoc networks is the existence of network‐wide slot synchronization. Such a mechanism is difficult to support in practice. In asynchronous TDMA systems, each link uses a local time slot reference provided by the hardware clock tick of one of the node endpoints. Inevitably, slots are wasted when nodes switch time slot references. This restricts the rate allocations that can be supported when compared to a perfectly synchronized system. To address this practical performance issue, we first introduce a general framework for conflict‐free scheduling in asynchronous TDMA networks. We then propose scheduling algorithms that target overhead minimization while ensuring upper bounds on the generated overhead. Through extensive simulations the algorithm performances are evaluated in the context of Bluetooth, a wireless technology that operates according to the asynchronous TDMA communication paradigm. Copyright © 2003 AEI
<title>Broadband beam steering</title> (1997)

A solid-state broad band beam deflector is described. This non-mechanical system steers spatially coherent broad band light to a common location in the far field. The components include a liquid crystal grating and achromatic Fourier transformer. The liquid crystal grating employs a polarization modulation scheme which produces a wavelength independent phase shift. The achromatic Fourier transformer eliminates grating dispersion. The modulation theory for the liquid crystal grating is introduced. Observations of the far field patterns for white light illumination of a binary liquid crystal grating and the design for the achromatic Fourier transformer are presented. Future research, including mid- infrared implementation is discussed.
From Mucins to Mucus (2004)

Mucus is essential for protection of the airways; however, in chronic airway disease mucus hypersecretion is an important factor in morbidity and mortality. The properties of the mucus gel are dictated in large part by the oligomeric mucins and, over the past decade, we have gained a better understanding of the molecular nature of these complex O-linked glycoproteins. We know now that MUC5AC mucins, as well as different glycoforms of the MUC5B mucin, are the predominant gel-forming glycoproteins in airways mucus. Furthermore, the amount, molecular size, and morphology of these glycoproteins can be altered in disease. From more recent data, it has become clear that oligomeric mucins alone do not constitute mucus, and other mucin and nonmucin components must be important contributors to mucus organization and hence airways defense. Therefore, the challenge over the coming decade will be to investigate how the oligomeric mucins are organized to yield "functional" mucus. Such studies will provide a clearer perception of airways mucosal protection and may highlight specific components as potential targets for therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hypersecretory disease.
Bit-level systolic array for fast exponentiation in GF(2/sup m/) (1994)

This paper presents a new parallel-in-parallel-out bit-level systolic array with unidirectional data flow for computing exponentiation in GF(2/sup m/). The array is highly regular, modular, and thus well suited to very-large-scale-integration implementation. In addition, it can provide the maximum throughput in the sense of producing new results at a rate of one per clock cycle. As compared with a previously known systolic GF(2/sup m/) exponentiator with the same throughput performance, the proposed system requires much less chip area, has small latency, and is easier to incorporate fault-tolerant design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multinational Enterprises, Foreign Direct Investment and Trade in China: the Chain of Causality in 1980‐2003 (2007)

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) play a dominant role in the international business (IB) literature. Traditionally, by far the majority of IB studies deal with issues at the micro level of the individual MNE, or at the meso level of a sample of individual MNEs in industries. This paper focuses on the impact of MNE behavior through foreign direct investment (FDI) on a country’s international trade, and vice versa. In so doing, this study responds to a recent plea for more macro‐level studies in IB into the effect of MNE behavior on the macroeconomic performance of countries as a whole, particularly developing and emerging economies. In the current study, we focus on the largest developing or emerging economy of all: China. Applying sophisticated econometric techniques, we unravel the causality and direction of FDI‐trade linkages for the Chinese economy in the 1980‐2003 period.
CAMEL-SIF: A Gateway for Service Invocation from Circuit Switched Domain to IP Multimedia Subsystem (2011)

The CAMEL and the IMS are representative service platforms in the circuit switched (CS) and packet switched (PS) domain. The integration of the CAMEL and the IMS will bring tremendous benefits to the network operators and end users. Many researchers invest in investigating the mechanism of invoking the CAMEL service from the PS domain, however, there are few studies about the mechanism of invoking the IMS service from the CS domain. This paper proposes a CAMEL service invocation function (CAMEL-SIF) as a gateway for service invocation from CS domain to IMS. The CAMEL-SIF works as an overlay on the top of the current CS infrastructure that enables operators to deploy it without any change in the existing CS core. It is responsible for translating the CAP message into the SIP message, and vice versa. The translation is based on the call state and message diagram (CSM) and mapping tables. The CSM is in charge of maintaining the call state and determining the corresponding messages. The mapping tables indicate the mapping between the parameters in CAP and the headers in SIP. The trigger Filter Criteria (tFC) and the execution Filter Criteria (eFC) are employed to resolve ambiguity and arm the event detection point respectively. Our study improves the completeness of service invocation architecture in the service integration of the CS domain and the IMS. We also discuss the appropriate allocation of the CAMEL-SIF for reducing the service invocation delay.
Polylactosaminoglycan modification of a small integral membrane glycoprotein, influenza B virus NB. (1988)

The structure of the carbohydrate components of NB, the small integral membrane glycoprotein of influenza B virus, was investigated. The carbohydrate chains of NB are processed from the high-mannose form (NB18) to a heterogeneous form of much higher molecular weight, designated NBp. Selection of this carbohydrate-containing form of NB with Datura stramonium lectin, its susceptibility to digestion by endo-beta-galactosidase, and determination of the size of NBp glycopeptides by gel filtration chromatography suggested that the increase in molecular weight is due to processing to polylactosaminoglycan. Investigation of the polypeptides produced by influenza B/Lee/40 virus infection of several cell types and another strain of influenza B virus suggested that the signal for modification to polylactosaminoglycan is contained in NB. Expression of mutants of NB lacking either one or both of the normal N-terminal sites of asparagine-linked glycosylation indicated that both carbohydrate chains are modified to contain polylactosaminoglycan. NBp and a small amount of unprocessed NB18 are expressed at the infected-cell surface, as determined by digestion of the surfaces of intact cells with various endoglycosidases. Unglycosylated NB, expressed either in influenza B virus-infected cells treated with tunicamycin or in cells expressing the NB mutant lacking both N-linked glycosylation sites, was expressed at the cell surface, indicating that NB does not require carbohydrate addition for transport.
Apparatus for measuring local stress of metallic films, using an array of parallel laser beams during rapid thermal processing (2010)

The novel apparatus described here was developed to investigate the thermo-mechanical behavior of metallic films on a substrate by acquiring the wafer curvature. It comprises an optical module producing and measuring an array of parallel laser beams, a high resolution scanning stage, a rapid thermal processing (RTP) chamber and several accessorial gas control modules. Unlike most traditional systems which only calculate the average wafer curvature, this system has the capability to measure the curvature locally in 30 ms. Consequently, the real-time development of biaxial stress involved in thin films can be fully captured during any thermal treatments such as temperature cycling or annealing processes. In addition, the multiple parallel laser beam technique cancels electrical, vibrational and other random noise sources that would otherwise make an in situ measurement very difficult. Furthermore, other advanced features such as the in situ acid treatment and active cooling extend the experimental conditions to provide new insights into thin film properties and material behavior.
The relationship between maximal hip abductor strength and resultant loading at the knee during walking (2014)

The peak external knee adduction moment (KAM) is implicated in progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Recently, hip abductor weakness has also been found in patients with knee OA; however, it remains unknown as to how or if this weakness is a consequence of OA, or a predisposing factor. If it is the latter, a direct relationship between hip strength and KAM magnitude would be expected. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hip abductor strength and KAM magnitude during walking. In fourteen adults, maximal isometric hip abductor strength was measured, and the KAM was quantified during gait. Additionally, internal hip abductor moments, vertical and medial ground-reaction-forces (GRFs), and GRF to knee joint center lever-arms were quantified during gait. The relationship between hip strength and GRFs, lever-arms and KAM were assessed using correlation. Internal hip abductor moments were compared to maximum hip strength by paired samples t-test. Correlations between hip strength and the vertical GRF (r = -0.05, p = 0.87), medial GRF (r = -0.24, p = 0.41), lever arm (r = -0.01, p = 0.97), and KAM (r = -0.24, p = 0.41) were not statistically significant. Peak internal hip abductor moments during gait (1.1 ± 0.2 Nm/kg) were significantly lower than maximal hip abductor strength (1.8 ± 0.3 Nm/kg, p < 0.001). It is concluded that hip abductor strength is not related to KAM magnitude. It seems more likely that hip abductor weakness is a consequence of OA rather than a predisposing factor.
Phase-transfer catalyzed acylation of 5(3)-hydroxy-3(5)-substituted-1H-pyrazoles (2006)

PTC acylation of 5(3)-hydroxy-3(5)-substituted-1H-pyrazoles by different acyl halide reagents at 25°C in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide as catalyst has been investigated. This work is aiming to study the comparison of N-versus 0- and C-acylation of the starting materials.
A genomic biomarker signature can predict skin sensitizers using a cell-based in vitro alternative to animal tests (2011)

A gene signature predicting sensitization, using a human cell line in vitro, has been identified. This simple and robust cell-based assay has the potential to completely replace or drastically reduce the utilization of test systems based on experimental animals. Being based on human biology, the assay is proposed to be more accurate for predicting sensitization in humans, than the traditional animal-based tests.