gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of post‐traumatic PDL cells viability by a novel collagenase assay (2002)

Both length of extra-alveolar time and type of storage media are significant factors that can affect the long-term prognosis for replanted teeth. Numerous studies have examined various media in an attempt to determine the ideal material for storage of the avulsed tooth. The purpose of this study was to compare the number of viable periodontium ligament (PDL) cells in different storage media using a collagenase assay. Thirty-three freshly extracted human teeth were divided into four experimental and two control groups. The positive and negative controls corresponded to 0 min and an 8-h dry time, respectively. The experimental teeth were stored dry for 30 min and then immersed in one of four media (Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), milk, saline, water) for 45 min. The teeth were then treated with dispase grade II and collagenase for 30 min. The number of viable and nonviable PDL cells was counted with a hemocytometer and analyzed. An ANOVA demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the viability of PDL cells among saline, HBSS and milk. Within the parameters of this study, it appears that milk or saline is an equally viable alternative to HBSS for storage of avulsed teeth.
Federated Edge Learning : Design Issues and Challenges (2020)

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning technique, where each device contributes to the learning model by independently computing the gradient based on its local training data. It has recently become a hot research topic, as it promises several benefits related to data privacy and scalability. However, implementing FL at the network edge is challenging due to system and data heterogeneity and resources constraints. In this article, we examine the existing challenges and trade-offs in Federated Edge Learning (FEEL). The design of FEEL algorithms for resources-efficient learning raises several challenges. These challenges are essentially related to the multidisciplinary nature of the problem. As the data is the key component of the learning, this article advocates a new set of considerations for data characteristics in wireless scheduling algorithms in FEEL. Hence, we propose a general framework for the data-aware scheduling as a guideline for future research directions. We also discuss the main axes and requirements for data evaluation and some exploitable techniques and metrics.
Use of gene cloning to determine polarity of an operon: genes carAB of Escherichia coli (1980)

A gene-cloning approach was used to determine the transcription polarity of the carbamoylphosphate operon (carAB) of Escherichia coli. In agreement with the accompanying paper (J. Bacteriol. 143:914-920, 1980), our results lead to the conclusion that carA is the proximal gene of the carAB operon.
Integratable quarter-wave plates enable one-way angular momentum conversion (2016)

Nanophotonic waveguides are the building blocks of integrated photonics. To date, while quarter-wave plates (QWPs) are widely used as common components for a wide range of applications in free space, there are almost no reports of Integratable QWPs being able to manipulate the angular momentum (AM) of photons inside nanophotonic waveguides. Here, we demonstrate two kinds of Integratable QWPs respectively based on the concept of abrupt phase change and birefringence effect. The orientation of the equivalent optical axis of an Integratable QWP is designable. Remarkably, a combination of two integratable QWPs with different equivalent optical axes leads to an integrated system that performances one-way AM conversion. Moreover, this system can be used as a point source that can excite different patterns on a metal surface via directional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). These results allow for the control of AM of light in nanophotonic waveguides, which are crucial for various applications with limited physical space, such as on-chip bio-sensing and integrated quantum information processing.
Differential Roles for the Interferon-Inducible IFI16 and AIM2 Innate Immune Sensors for Cytosolic DNA in Cellular Senescence of Human Fibroblasts (2011)

The IFN-inducible IFI16 and AIM2 proteins act as innate immune sensors for cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). On sensing dsDNA, the IFI16 protein induces the expression of IFN-β whereas the AIM2 protein forms an inflammasome, which promotes the secretion of IL-1β. Given that the knockdown of IFI16 expression in human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) delays the onset of cellular senescence, we investigated the potential roles for the IFI16 and AIM2 proteins in cellular senescence. We found that increased IFI16 protein levels in old (vs. young) HDFs were associated with the induction of IFN-β. In contrast, increased levels of the AIM2 protein in the senescent (vs. old) HDFs were associated with increased production of IL-1β. The knockdown of type I IFN-α receptor subunit, which reduced the basal levels of the IFI16 but not of the AIM2, protein delayed the onset of cellular senescence. Accordingly, increased constitutive levels of IFI16 and AIM2 proteins in ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) HDFs were associated with the activation of the IFN signaling and increased levels of IL-1β. The IFN-β treatment of the young HDFs, which induced the expression of IFI16 and AIM2 proteins, activated a DNA damage response and also increased basal levels of IL-1β. Interestingly, the knockdown of AIM2 expression in HDFs increased the basal levels of IFI16 protein and activated the IFN signaling. In contrast, the knockdown of the IFI16 expression in HDFs decreased the basal and dsDNA-induced activation of the IFN signaling. Collectively, our observations show differential roles for the IFI16 and AIM2 proteins in cellular senescence and associated secretory phenotype.
Starch — Value Addition by Modification (2005)

Starch is one of the most important but flexible food ingredients possessing value added attributes for innumerable industrial applications. Its various chemically modified derivatives offer a great scope of high technological value in both food and non-food industries. Modified starches are designed to overcome one or more of the shortcomings, such as loss of viscosity and thickening power upon cooking and storage, particularly at low pH, retrogradation characteristics, syneresis, etc., of native starches. Oxidation, esterification, hydroxyalkylation, dextrinization, and cross-linking are some of the modifications commonly employed to prepare starch derivatives. In a way, starch modification provides desirable functional attributes as well as offering economic alternative to other hydrocolloid ingredients, such as gums and mucilages, which are unreliable in quality and availability. Resistant starch, a highly retrograded starch fraction formed upon food processing, is another useful starch derivative. It exhibits the beneficial physiological effects of therapeutic and nutritional values akin to dietary fiber. There awaits considerable opportunity for future developments, especially for tailor-made starch derivatives with multiple modifications and with the desired functional and nutritional properties, although the problem of obtaining legislative approval for the use of novel starch derivatives in processed food formulations is still under debate. Nevertheless, it can be predicted that new ventures in starch modifications and their diverse applications will continue to be of great interest in applied research. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author acknowledges the excellent assistance rendered by Mr. A.B. Vishu Kumar, Senior Research Fellow, during the preparation of this manuscript. Notes *Approximate value determined at 38°C. **The percentage values given are approximate.
Procoagulants and osteonecrosis. (2003)

This study revealed a high incidence of thrombophilic and hypofibrinolytic coagulation abnormalities in patients with osteonecrosis. These findings have major implications for the diagnosis as well as the treatment of this disease. Since some of these abnormalities may be the result of autosomal dominant disorders, it may be possible to detect individuals at risk for development of this disease.
An experimental study of a soft-switched isolated AC/DC converter without auxiliary circuit (2005)

An isolated AC/DC converter topology incorporates a capacitively snubbered voltage source converter (VSC) and a cycloconverter, coupled by a medium frequency transformer. The topology offers the possibility of bilateral power flow as well as three-level pulse width modulation on the AC side. It is shown that by alternately commutating the VSC and the cycloconverter it is possible to achieve either zero-voltage or zero-current switching conditions for all of the semiconductor devices in all points of operation. This is the case without any need for auxiliary semiconductor devices. At low load the transformer current may be insufficient for recharging the VSC snubber capacitors. In this case however it is possible to utilize the cycloconverter for providing a current path by which a quasiresonant commutation can be effected. The design and operation of a 40 kVA prototype converter system is described. It is shown how the rather complex switching logic required to implement the chosen algorithm for commutation and modulation can be realized by using modern programmable logic devices (FPGA). Measurement results from the prototype converter are presented and analysed. The measurements indicate that the studied commutation algorithm works well in practice.
Location Estimation and Obstacle tracking using Laser Scanner for Indoor Mobile Robots (2011)

본 논문은 실내형 이동로봇에 적용하기 위한 위치인식과 장애물 추적 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법을 구현하기 위해 레이저 스캐너가 사용되었으며 로봇이 운행되는 공간의 지도정보를 미리 알고 있다고 가정한다. 레이저 스캐너의 측정치를 지도정보와 매칭해가며 Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC)방법을 이용하여 로봇의 위치를 파악하고 파악된 위치에서 주변 장애물의 위치를 인식하고 다중 물체 추적 알고리즘을 이용함으로써 장애물과의 충돌 위험성 등을 미리 파악할 수 있다. 마지막으로, 본 논문에서 제안한 방법을 실험을 통해 검증한다. This paper presents the method for location estimation with obstacle tracking method. A laser scanner is used to implement the system, and we assume that the map information is known. We matches the measurement of the laser scanner to estimate the location of the robot by using sequential monte carlo (SMC) method. After estimating the robot's location, the pose of obstacles are detected and tracked, hence, we can predict the collision risk of them. Finally, we present the experiment results to verify the proposed method.
Treatment of anemia in patients with chronic heart failure (2003)

Anemia is common in heart failure patients and is associated with increased mortality risk. Anemia is multifactorial in etiology and is likely related to the actions of proinflammatory cytokines with consequent reduced red blood cell production and hemodilution secondary to plasma volume expansion. Hemodynamic consequences of anemia may contribute to the progression of heart failure symptoms and ventricular remodeling. Treatment trials with recombinant human erythropoietin in patients with end-stage renal disease and concomitant structural heart disease have demonstrated beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling but variable effects on clinical outcome. Preliminary trials in patients with chronic heart failure demonstrate that erythropoietin therapy is well-tolerated and associated with short-term clinical benefits. Additional studies are needed to investigate the effects of long-term erythropoietic therapy on clinical outcomes.
Synthesis and Unusual Swelling Behavior of Combined Cationic/Non‐Ionic Hydrogels Based on Chitosan (2003)

Abstract Hydrogel‐forming copolymers based on chitosan grafted with different amounts of polyacrylamide were synthesized and its swelling capacity determined in distilled water, sodium chloride solutions, as well as in buffer solutions at pH 1.2 and 8.0. The resulting products are highly efficient as hydrogel‐forming materials with swelling at equilibrium going approximately from 300 to 3 000 times the volume of the dry solid polymer in all the investigated media. The products, different to usual hydrogels, swells considerably more and quickly in electrolyte‐containing solutions compared to in distilled water. This has been attributed to their structure that contains non‐ionic polyacrylamide macromolecules grafted onto the trunk polymer chitosan, which is cationic in nature. In‐vitro drug‐release behavior of formulations containing grafted copolymers have been tested using theophylline as a water‐soluble drug and the results were compared with similar formulations containing unmodified chitosan. It was found that tablets based on formulations containing grafted chitosan show higher erosion and swelling compared with those of the matrix based on unmodified chitosan, leading to a higher fraction of theophylline released. It can be concluded that formulations based on the synthesized copolymers are potentially useful for fluid absorbency and as prolonged drug‐release matrices. The swelling of one of the hydrogels studied here. magnified image The swelling of one of the hydrogels studied here.
Fluorocarbon Elastomers (2001)

Abstract Fluorocarbon elastomers are fluorine‐containing cross‐linked amorphous polymers with a carbon–carbon backbone, which are designed for demanding service application in hostile environments. This article reviews the development history of fluorocarbon elastomers and the basic properties of the polymers. A brief manufacturing process for the polymers is presented along with processing information to convert the fluorocarbon elastomers into useful parts for various applications. Major uses and specifications for these uses are also presented.
A microbial biosurfactant ― physiology, biochemistry, and applications (1984)

A bacterial soil isolate H-13A was isolated which produces a cellular and extra-cellular glycolipid surfactant. Glycolipid is synthesized only during growth on n-alkanes (C12 ..-->.. C20). The glycolipid contains disaccharide, glycerol, amino sugar, N-acylated, and O-acylated fatty acids. Cellular glycolipid is characterized by saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids; whereas extracellular glycolipid contains saturated fatty acids and 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The hexadecane-derived glycolipid exhibits an interfacial-tension value of 2.0 x 10/sup -2/ dynes/cm at an effective alkane carbon number equivalent to decane. Addition of pentanol as a cosurfactant reduces the interfacial tension to 6.0 x 10/sup -5/ dynes/cm with an effective alkane carbon number equivalent to undecane. The glycolipid is effective in the reduction of heavy crude-oil viscosity by formation of stable oil-in-water emulsions with improved rheological properties. Growth of H-13A on Monagas crude ion results in a 95% reduction in oil viscosity. This glycolipid biosurfactant exhibits applicability to the transport, pipelining, processing, and recovery of heavy crude oils. 18 references, 1 figure, 4 tables.
Fused–Costal2 protein complex regulates Hedgehog-induced Smo phosphorylation and cell-surface accumulation (2007)

The seven-transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) acts as a signal transducer in the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway that mediates many key developmental processes. In Drosophila, Hh-induced phosphorylation promotes Smo cell-surface accumulation and signaling activity; however, the mechanisms controlling Smo phosphorylation and cell-surface accumulation are still unknown. The intracellular signaling complex containing Fused (Fu) and Costal2 (Cos2) is thought to transduce the Hh signal downstream from Smo. Here, we identify a novel feedback mechanism that regulates Smo through the Fu-Cos2 complex. We found that Hh-induced Smo accumulation is inhibited in fu mutant clones or by expressing a dominant-negative form of Fu, and such inhibition is alleviated by removal of Cos2. Conversely, overexpressing Cos2 blocks Smo accumulation, which is reversed by coexpressing Fu. Cos2 blocks Smo accumulation through its C-terminal Smo-interacting domain, and Fu antagonizes Cos2 by phosphorylating Cos2 at Ser572. Furthermore, we found that Ser572 phosphorylation attenuates the Cos2-Smo interaction and promotes Cos2 instability. Finally, we provided evidence that Fu and Cos2 control Smo cell-surface accumulation by regulating Smo phosphorylation. Our data suggest that Cos2-Smo interaction blocks Hh-induced Smo phosphorylation, and that Fu promotes Smo phosphorylation by antagonizing Cos2.
RF-SQUID to DC-SQUID upgrade of a 28-channel magnetoencephalography (MEG) system (1996)

A Dornier 28-channel magnetoencephalography (MEG) system equipped with RF-SQUIDs and control electronics made by CTF (Port Coquitlam, BC, Canada) was upgraded by replacing the RF-SQUIDs with DC-SQUIDs developed at the University of Jena, Germany. New preamplifiers were designed that emulate the function of the system's original RF amplifiers. This allowed the continuing use of the system's control electronics without any modification. Retaining these control devices was instrumental for preserving the system's unique ability to derive software-defined gradiometer measurements from its magnetometer signals, and also saved a considerable investment of control software tailored to the characteristics of these devices. The performance of the upgraded system compares favourably to that of other multichannel instruments; its software gradiometer channels typically attain an overall sensitivity of (an improvement by a factor of three over the original RF system) and suppress residual noise inside the shielded room by 40 to 60 dB. Also described are the procedures used to calibrate the system, to eliminate crosstalk between neighbouring channels, and to determine the coefficients for optimum suppression of ambient noise by the software gradiometer.
Supporting differentiated services using ATM ABR service (2003)

A general framework and architecture called differentiated services (Diffserv) has been proposed by the IETF to support service differentiation among different IP flows traversing a network. The key idea in Diffserv is to achieve scalability through handling aggregates of traffic instead of individual flows. More specifically, at the ingress edge router, each flow is shaped and classified into one of few service classes. Based on these service classes, packets are then forwarded and discarded (if necessary) with different priorities in network core routers/switches. As many network service providers today employ ATM in their backbone networks, there is tremendous interest in supporting IP Diffserv in an ATM environment. This paper presents a study on using ATM ABR service to support IP Diffserv. The idea is to use the flow control mechanism in ABR to eliminate the need for discarding packets inside the ATM network, while service differentiation among different IP flows can simply be supported by proper packet scheduling and/or discarding mechanisms at the ingress edge routers/switches. Scalability is achieved by setting up an ABR virtual circuit (VC) between each pair of ingress and egress routers rather than on a per-flow basis. A simulation study of this Diffserv framework over ATM using the Opnet simulation tool is presented to validate our idea.
Role-Centric Circle-of-Trust in Multi-tenant Cloud IaaS (2016)

Currently, collaboration is a major challenge in adopting cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). Enterprise work-flow intrinsically mandates collaboration across its tenant boundaries as well as with associated organizations’ tenants in the cloud. In this paper, we investigate a Circle-of-Trust approach where tenants establish trust within a circle of tenants for the purpose of collaboration. We present a novel extension of role-centric access control models to provide collaboration in the context of homogeneous and heterogeneous circles. In a homogeneous circle, our approach allows tenants to equally assert cross-tenant user assignments to enable access to shared resources. In a circle with non-uniform tenants, attributes are added to distinguish user-assignments where tenants are differentiated by type in the heterogeneous circle. Particularly, tenant-trust relation is established within a group of tenants authorizing user-role assignments across tenants.
A Novel Gate-Injection Program/Erase P-Channel NAND-Type Flash Memory with High (10M Cycle) Endurance (2007)

We have successfully developed a novel nitride-trapping non-volatile memory device using gate injection for program and erase operations. The device is a p-channel bandgap-engineered SONOS (BE-SONOS), but with ultra-thin ONO tunneling dielectric grown on top of the trapping nitride. Programming and erasing are by -FN electron injection and +FN hole injection from the poly gate, respectively. Since gate oxide is not used as the tunnel dielectric, it is spared of the program/erase current stressing, thus causes much less interface state generation after P/E cycling stressing. Very high endurance (10 M cycle P/E) is achieved owing to suppressed channel interface (S.S. and gm) degradation. Moreover, due to the gate injection instead of channel injection this novel device is insensitive to STI bird's beak geometry. Successful p-channel NAND array characteristics including the program inhibit and reading characteristics are demonstrated.
Broadband polarization rotator for the infrared (1977)

A three-mirror system is described which is capable of rotating the polarization angle of a beam through any angle from 0 degrees to 360 degrees , with the output beam line coaxial with the input beam. Calculations are made of metallic reflective phase shifts, from the midvisible through ir, showing that this rotator would introduce negligible elliptical polarization for wavelengths longer than about 5 microm.
Reciprocal autoreceptor and heteroreceptor control of serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic transmission in the frontal cortex: relevance to the actions of antidepressant agents (2000)

The frontal cortex (FCX) plays a key role in processes that control mood, cognition and motor behaviour, functions which are compromised in depression, schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. In this regard, there is considerable evidence that a perturbation of monoaminergic input to the FCX is involved in the pathogenesis of these states. Correspondingly, the modulation of monoaminergic transmission in the FCX and other corticolimbic structures plays an important role in the actions of antipsychotic and antidepressant agents. In order to further understand the significance of monoaminergic systems in psychiatric disorders and their treatment, it is essential to characterize mechanisms underlying their modulation. Within this framework, the present commentary focuses on our electrophysiological and dialysis analyses of the complex and reciprocal pattern of auto- and heteroreceptor mediated control of dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission in the FCX. The delineation of such interactions provides a framework for an interpretation of the influence of diverse classes of antidepressant agent upon extracellular levels of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in FCX. Moreover, it also generates important insights into strategies for the potential improvement in the therapeutic profiles of antidepressant agents.