gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Molybdenum Nitrogenase (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of Molybdenum NitrogenaseBarbara K. Burgess and David J. LoweView Author Information Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92717-3900, and Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K. Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 7, 2983–3012Publication Date (Web):November 7, 1996Publication History Received28 March 1996Revised15 August 1996Published online7 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr950055xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr950055xresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14798Altmetric-Citations1567LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cluster chemistry,FeMo cofactor,Metal organic frameworks,Peptides and proteins,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
A Logical Formulation of Probabilistic Spatial Databases (2007)

There are numerous applications where there: is uncertainty over space and time. Examples of such uncertainty arise in vehicle tracking systems where we are not always sure where a vehicle is now (or may be in the future), and cell and satellite phone applications where we are not sure exactly where a phone may be, and so on. In this paper, we propose the concept of a Spatial Probabilistic Temporal (SPOT) database that contains statements of the form "Object O is in spatial region R at some time / with some probability in the interval [L, U]." We define the syntax and a declarative semantics for SPOT databases based on a mix of logic and linear programming, as well as query algebra. We show alternative implementations of some of these query algebra operators when the SPOT database has a disjoint/less property. Though the declarative semantics of SPOT databases is rooted in linear programming, we have found very efficient algorithms that do not use linear programming methods. We report on experiments we have conducted that show that the system scales to large numbers of SPOT atoms, as well as to fairly fine temporal and spatial granularity.
Increased word‐of‐mouth <i>via</i> strategic cause‐related marketing (2010)

Abstract This research examines word‐of‐mouth (WOM) promotions as an additional consequence of a successful cause‐related marketing (CRM) partnership. Firms properly aligned in CRM partnerships should increase positive feelings that can translate into positive WOM from the public. WOM efforts should be considered in marketing campaigns to develop successful long‐term CRM strategies. Additionally, carefully planned CRM campaigns with positive WOM give firms a competitive advantage without the backlash of consumer skepticism often reported when firms attempt to manipulate WOM campaigns. This study is grounded in associative learning theory which provides support for the strengthened associative links between firm and charity when the relationship is properly aligned. This empirical study suggests that strategically aligned CRM relationships can improve positive WOM recommendations. Results of ANOVA and factor analysis indicate that consumers are more receptive to CRM partnerships that consist of compatibility between firm and charity that persist over time. Results suggest that consumers are more likely to recommend the more properly aligned partnerships to others. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Three‐Dimensional Porous Cu@Pt and Cu@Pt‐Ru Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation (2017)

Abstract Highly porous Cu foams comprised of interconnected branched dendrites were used as sacrificial templates for the fabrication of pseudo core–shell Cu@Pt and Cu@Pt‐Ru unsupported electrodes by galvanic replacement. The as‐prepared materials presented a three‐dimensional structure with pores between 17 and 45 μm made of superimposed layers of ramified dendrites. TEM analysis showed that the dendrites were composed of agglomerates of grains of about 4 nm in size and mesopores of ca. 30 nm in diameter. The as‐prepared 3D electrodes were tested for methanol oxidation in acid media at different temperatures. The results showed that the catalytic activities of Cu@Pt and Cu@Pt‐Ru foams normalized to the electrochemical surface area are almost 50 % higher than that of a commercial Pt−Ru/C material, with poisoning rates that are reduced by half in the same potential range. The enhanced behavior of the as‐prepared foams is believed to be the result of the influence of copper atoms on the reactivity of platinum sites, the highly defective structure of the electrodes, as well as the facilitated diffusion of methanol molecules and the products formed during the reaction throughout the highly porous three‐dimensional structure of the electrode. The apparent activation energies ( E a,app ) for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) were determined by potentiostatic experiments. E a,app values of 29.07 and 24.20 kJ mol −1 were calculated for Cu@Pt and Cu@Pt‐Ru foams at 0.3 V, respectively. The results suggested that the MOR is governed by the dissociative adsorption of methanol as a result of the multifunctional nature of the catalyst and the facilitated diffusion of the products formed during the reaction.
Growth, morphology, and structural properties of group‐III‐nitride nanocolumns and nanodisks (2007)

Abstract The growth conditions to achieve group‐III‐nitride nanocolumns and nanocolumnar heterostructures by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy are studied. The evolution of the nanocolumnar morphology with the growth conditions is determined for (Ga,Al)N and (In,Ga)N nanocolumns. The mechanisms behind the nanocolumnar growth under high N‐rich conditions are clarified in the sense that no seeding or catalysts are required, as it is the case in the vapour‐liquid‐solid model that applies to most nanocolumns grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition, either with group‐III nitrides, II–VI or III–V compounds. Some examples of nanocolumnar heterostructures are given, like quantum disks and cylindrical nanocavities. Preliminary results on the growth of arrays of ordered GaN nanocolumns are reported. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An all-inkjet printed flexible capacitor on a textile using a new poly(4-vinylphenol) dielectric ink for wearable applications (2012)

This paper reports a flexible capacitor for wearable applications which has been all-inkjet printed on a standard 65/35 polyester cotton textile using a new poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) dielectric material. Capacitors form the basis of a variety of sensors, such as for proximity and touch, as well as electronic circuits. This paper reports a general fabrication printing process to realize capacitors on textiles. The parallel plate capacitor design uses a combination of heat curable silver ink and a new UV curable dielectric ink based on PVP, printed on to the textile. This new inkjet printable dielectric ink is ultra-violet (UV) cured for 100 seconds to achieve a thin dielectric film suitable for a textile based capacitor. After printing, the dielectric properties were measured and the cross-sectional film structure was observed using an SEM. The inkjet printed PVP film on the textile exhibited good insulating behavior and similar flexibility to the original textile.
Association of insecticide use and alteration on Aedes aegypti susceptibility status (2007)

Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, vector-borne diseases transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, are presently important public health problems in Brazil. As the strategy for disease control is based on vector control through the use of insecticides, the development of resistance is a threat to programs efficacy. The objective of this study was to compare the Aedes aegypti susceptibility in nine vector populations from the state of São Paulo and seven from Northeast region of Brazil, since there was a difference on group of insecticide used between the areas. Bioassays with larvae and adult were performed according to the World Health Organization methods. The results showed higher resistance levels to organophosphates group in populations from the Northeast region where this group was used for both larvae and adult control than in São Paulo where organophosphates were used for larvae and pyretroids for adult control. Resistance to pyretroids in adults was widespread in São Paulo after ten years of use of cypermethrin while in vector populations from the Northeast region it was punctual. The difference in resistance profile between the areas is in accordance to the group of insecticide used.
Diagnostics of an O2–He RF Atmospheric Plasma Discharge by Spectral Emission (2014)

In this paper optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used as a Diagnostic technique for the measurement of atomic and molecular spectral emissions generated using a helium rf industrial atmospheric plasma jet system. The OES of neutral atomic spectral lines and molecular bands are investigated over a range of plasma process parameters.Wavelength resolve optical emission profiles suggest that the emission of helium’s spectral lines shows that the high energy electrons have a larger influence than helium metastables on the overall spectral emission. Furthermore, the experimental data indicates that the use of high helium flow rates, in any confined open air plasma discharge, limits thesignificance of air impurities, e.g., nitrogen, for the creation and sustainability of plasma discharges in helium–oxygen gas chemistry.
Process Optimization of Integrated SiCr Thin-Film Resistor for High-Performance Analog Circuits (2014)

We investigated the characteristic variation of an integrated thin-film resistor (TFR), which is composed of silicon chromium (SiCr), according to process conditions and its effects on analog circuits. To improve TFR properties, such as temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and mismatch, the integrated TFR was examined under various process conditions. First, the sputtering power and the annealing temperature were optimized to control the TCR property. Secondly, the etching time and the dummy pattern were optimized to enhance the mismatch property. The measured TCR is -3.9 ppm/ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C and the calculated mismatch slope from the standard deviation of resistance mismatch is 0.34%·μm. These results show that the fabricated TFR had near-zero TCR and a high matching constant. To verify the TFRs effects on analog circuits, low-pass filters (LPFs) were fabricated and measured as a test vehicle; the use of the optimized resistor considerably improved the performance of the resulting LPFs.
Charcoal Agar Culture Medium for Preparing Hemophilus pertussis Vaccine (1951)

H. M. Powell, C. G. Culbertson, P. W. Ensminger, Charcoal Agar Culture Medium for Preparing Hemophilus pertussis Vaccine, Public Health Reports (1896-1970), Vol. 66, No. 11 (Mar. 16, 1951), pp. 346-348
Experiments on MEMS Integration in 0.25 μm CMOS Process (2018)

In this paper, we share our practical experience gained during the development of CMOS-MEMS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) devices in IHP SG25 technology. The experimental prototyping process is illustrated with examples of three CMOS-MEMS chips and starts from rough process exploration and characterization, followed by the definition of the useful MEMS design space to finally reach CMOS-MEMS devices with inertial mass up to 4.3 μg and resonance frequency down to 4.35 kHz. Furthermore, the presented design techniques help to avoid several structural and reliability issues such as layer delamination, device stiction, passivation fracture or device cracking due to stress.
Catalytic organosolv fractionation of willow wood and wheat straw as pretreatment for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Ethanol‐based organosolv fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass is an effective pretreatment technology for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis to produce sugars and lignin within a biorefinery. This study focuses on the catalytic effect of H 2 SO 4 , HCl, and MgCl 2 on organosolv pretreatment of willow wood and wheat straw. RESULTS: The use of catalysts improved fractionation of both feedstocks. The maximum enzymatic cellulose digestibility obtained was 87% for willow wood (using 0.01 mol L −1 H 2 SO 4 as catalyst) and 99% for wheat straw (0.02 mol L −1 HCl). Non‐catalytic organosolv fractionation at identical conditions resulted in 74% (willow wood) and 44% (wheat straw) glucose yield by enzymatic hydrolysis. Application of catalysts in organosolv pretreatment was particularly effective for wheat straw. The influence of the acid catalysts was found to be primarily due to their effect on the pH of the organosolv liquor. Acid catalysts particularly promoted xylan hydrolysis. MgCl 2 was less effective than the acid catalysts, but it seemed to more selectively improve delignification of willow wood. CONCLUSION: Application of catalysts in organosolv pretreatment of willow wood and wheat straw was found to substantially improve fractionation and enzymatic digestibility. The use of catalysts can contribute to achieving maximum utilization of lignocellulosic biomass in organosolv‐based biorefineries. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
A 1.2 GHz frequency synthesizer using a custom-design divide-by-20/21/22/23/24 GaAs circuit (1985)

The authors describe the circuit design and the process utilized to fabricate a 1.2 GHz 380-mW divide-by-20/21/22/23/24 GaAs circuit aimed at frequency synthesizer applications. The circuit consists of a 5/6 prescaler, a divide-by-4 circuit, and a four-channel multiplexer. The circuit has been implemented with BFL gates fabricated with 0.7-/spl mu/m planar self-aligned normally-on MESFETs. Further improvement can be expected by utilizing DCFL gates instead. A maximum frequency of 2.5 GHz and an internal active power of 50 mW have been simulated. Consequently the normally-off (N-OFF) GaAs circuit would exhibit a speed by power product four times lower than that of equivalent Si ECL dividers based in bipolar processes being developed today.
Preliminary Results of the Department of the Interior's Irrigation Drainage Studies (1988)

The Department of the Interior, in 1986, began irrigation drainage studies in nine areas in seven Western states to determine whether irrigation drainage has caused or has the potential to cause harmful effects on human health, fish, and wildlife, or might reduce the suitability of water for beneficial uses. Results of the seven studies completed in 1987 are presented and are compared to baselines, standards, criteria, and other guidelines helpful for assessing the potential of observed constituent concentrations in water, bottom sediment, and biota to result in physiological harm to fish, wildlife, or humans. Selenium is the constituent most commonly found at elevated concentrations in water, bottom sediment, and biota in the study areas. Additional study results are discussed.
Association of the Chaperone αB-crystallin with Titin in Heart Muscle (2004)

alphaB-crystallin, a major component of the vertebrate lens, is a chaperone belonging to the family of small heat shock proteins. These proteins form oligomers that bind to partially unfolded substrates and prevent denaturation. alphaB-crystallin in cardiac muscle binds to myofibrils under conditions of ischemia, and previous work has shown that the protein binds to titin in the I-band of cardiac fibers (Golenhofen, N., Arbeiter, A., Koob, R., and Drenckhahn, D. (2002) J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 34, 309-319). This part of titin extends as muscles are stretched and is made up of immunoglobulin-like modules and two extensible regions (N2B and PEVK) that have no well defined secondary structure. We have followed the position of alphaB-crystallin in stretched cardiac fibers relative to a known part of the titin sequence. alphaB-crystallin bound to a discrete region of the I-band that moved away from the Z-disc as sarcomeres were extended. In the physiological range of sarcomere lengths, alphaB-crystallin bound in the position of the N2B region of titin, but not to PEVK. In overstretched myofibrils, it was also in the Ig region between N2B and the Z-disc. Binding between alphaB-crystallin and N2B was confirmed using recombinant titin fragments. The Ig domains in an eight-domain fragment were stabilized by alphaB-crystallin; atomic force microscopy showed that higher stretching forces were needed to unfold the domains in the presence of the chaperone. Reversible association with alphaB-crystallin would protect I-band titin from stress liable to cause domain unfolding until conditions are favorable for refolding to the native state.
RAPID PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS IN LIQUID PHASE. PREPARATION OF ANGIOTENSIN II AS AN EXAMPLE (1977)

Abstract A rapid method of peptide synthesis is proposed. In this method a peptide chain is stepwise elongated in a water-immiscible organic solvent without isolation of the intermediates. Protected angiotensin II was prepared by the method in an overall yield of 74% in a short period of time.
Determination of Biotin with Lactobacillus arabinosus (1944)

The microbiological determination of biotin, using Lactobacillus arabinosus as the test organism, was studied. The existence of a water-soluble, avidin-combinable, form of biotin in certain enzymatically prepared materials which is available to L. casei, but not to L. arabinosus, was demonstrated. When natural materials are autoclaved with 6 N H2SO4, prior to determination of their biotin content, comparable results are obtained with the L. arabinosus method and with a method using L. casei.
Free-Space Optical Interconnects (1989)

A simple and efficient optical interconnection consisting of only a laser, two lenses, and a detector has been used to connect two high-speed digital circuits separated by over 24 cm. No external laser driver, detector preamplifier, or other interface circuitry was required. The interconnection operates at data rates of 400 Mb/s.
Analysis of K-ras Codon 12 Point Mutations Using Duodenal Lavage Fluid for Diagnosis of Pancreatic Carcinoma (1999)

We evaluated the diagnostic significance of the K-ras point mutations at codon 12 in duodenal lavage fluid (DLF) compared with pure pancreatic juice (PPJ). The DLF was easily and safely collected by injecting distilled water into the duodenum and then aspirating through the working channel of the endoscope during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Two types of DLF are collected this way: DLF 1 is collected just after insertion of the endoscope into the duodenum and DLF 2 is collected after cholangiopancreatography and/or collection of the PPJ using secretin. Analysis of K-ras mutations was performed using enriched polymerase chain reaction. In patients with pancreatic carcinoma (PC), K-ras mutations were detected in 14 of 23 (60.9%) in DLF 1, 16 of 21 (76.2%) in DLF 2, 14 of 20 (70.0%) in PPJ, and 19 of 21 (90.5%) in either DLF 1 or DLF 2. In patients with noncancerous pancreatic diseases consisting of pancreatic cystic diseases and chronic pancreatitis, the incidence of K-ras mutations was 2 of 21 (9.5%) in DLF 1 and 7 of 19 (36.8%) in DLF 2. These values were lower than that in PPJ, and there was significant difference between the incidence in DLF 1 and PPJ. These results suggested that DLF may provide a new and useful material for analysis of K-ras codon 12 point mutations in the diagnosis of PC.
Further studies on the structural requirements for synthetic peptide chemoattractants (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFurther studies on the structural requirements for synthetic peptide chemoattractantsRichard J. Freer, Alan R. Day, Jeffrey A. Radding, Elliott Schiffmann, S. Aswanikumar, Henry J. Showell, and Elmer L. BeckerCite this: Biochemistry 1980, 19, 11, 2404–2410Publication Date (Print):May 27, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00552a019https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00552a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effect of hemin in vitro and in vivo on human erythroid progenitor cells (1986)

Hemin stimulates erythropoiesis and hemoglobin synthesis in vitro. We cultured erythroid progenitor cells from normal individuals, patients with sickle cell anemia, and a patient with acute variegate porphyria who received intravenous hemin treatment, with 0–800 μM hemin added in vitro. Fifty to 200 μM hemin consistently stimulated colony growth from normal donors 2- to 8-fold, while concentrations of up to 400 μM were stimulatory in cultures from donors with sickle cell anemia. In vivo hemin decreased the number of blood BFU-e in the patient with porphyria, but did not abrogate the in vitro stimulatory effect of hemin. Hemin concentrations which increased colony numbers increased globin synthesis in some studies and decreased it in others. Hemin thus has clearcut erythroid growth-potentiating activity, although a consistent effect on globin chain regulation is not apparent.
The Lower Hydrates of Soap (1942)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.