gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accounting for Changing Prices: The Value Relevance of Historical Cost, Price Level, and Replacement Cost Accounting in Mexico (2001)

This paper investigates the value relevance of historical cost, price level and replacement cost accounting using a sample of Mexican firms from 1989 to 1995. It contributes to prior research by distinguishing between two distinct aspects of changing prices:(1) the change in the general price level, and (2) the change in the value of specific non‐monetary assets. I select Mexico to examine because it is unique in requiring and disclosing separately price level and replacement cost adjustments. A sample of Mexican firms also addresses a key reason cited for mixed results in previous assessments of the usefulness of price level and replacement cost accounting using United States data: the effects of inflation are too weak to detect. High rates of inflation in Mexico, ranging between 7% and 52% during the sample period, mitigate that potential problem. Results indicate that replacement cost adjustments are relatively and incrementally relevant beyond historical cost and price level measures while price level adjustments are incrementally value relevant beyond historical measures.
A One-step Synthesis of Evodiamine and Rutecarpine (1976)

1 0 1 , r e s p e c t i v e l y .
Quantifying the Contribution of Audibility to Recognition of Compression-Amplified Speech (1999)

Increasing the amount of audible speech information plays the same role in recognition for compression-amplified as for linearly amplified speech. This suggests that, at least for the conditions tested here, compression does not introduce detrimental changes to the speech signal that offset the benefits of improved audibility. Accuracy of the compression-amplified AAI can be improved by substituting measured speech ranges for the estimated speech ranges used in the standard AAI calculation. In the absence of measured speech ranges, the standard AAI provides a close approximation.
Monitoring of fecal pollution in coastal waters by use of rapid enzymatic techniques (1994)

Enzyme assays for 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranosidase and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronidase activities were used for rapid detection (25 min) of fecal water pollution and to determine the impact of sewage discharge in coastal waters. Two coastal areas were investigated: (i) an estuary characterized by a high degree of contamination downstream of a discharge from a sewage treatment plant and a low degree of water renewal and (ii) a fjord with a low degree of pollution and a high degree of water renewal. Statistical analysis showed that a global correlation curve could be used to estimate concentrations of culturable fecal coliform bacteria in the two coastal areas, although environmental factors important for cell physiology (e.g., salinity) varied at different sampling locations. The sensitivity limit for detection of 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronidase activity corresponded to bacterial concentrations on the order of 10 to 100 CFU/100 ml. The 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranosidase assay was less sensitive because of a higher rate of substrate autohydrolysis. The detection limit corresponded to bacterial concentrations on the order of 100 to 1,000 fecal coliforms per 100 ml.
La megavessie ftale isolée transitoire quel pronostic: Une entité extrêmement rare (À propos de 1 CAS) (2021)

La mégavessie ftale isolée transitoire représente une variante très rare dont L'étiologie n'est pas encore élucidée mais avec un pronostic qui s'est avéré meilleur. Nous rapportons un cas de mégavessie ftale isolée qui s'est résolue au cours de la première année de vie.\nA Travers Notre observation et une analyse bibliographique exhaustive, L'objectif principal sera d'évaluer le pronostic ftal et pédiatrique afin de pouvoir délivrer un message assez Clair aux futurs parents. Alors que Notre objectif secondaire sest de déterminer quelles enquêtes et quels suivis sont nécessaires dans cette situation.
Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme of <i>β</i>-oxidation metabolizing <scp>d</scp>-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA esters in rat liver: molecular cloning, expression and characterization (1997)

In the present study we have cloned and characterized a novel rat peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme (MFE) named perMFE-II. The purified 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase 2 with an M(r) of 31500 from rat liver [Malila, Siivari, Mäkelä, Jalonen, Latipää, Kunau and Hiltunen (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 21578-21585] was subjected to tryptic fragmentation and the resulting peptides were isolated and sequenced. Surprisingly, the full-length cDNA, amplified by PCR, had an open reading frame of 2205 bp encoding a polypeptide with a predicted M(r) of 79,331 and contained a potential peroxisomal targeting signal in the C-terminus (Ala-Lys-Leu). The sequenced peptide fragments of hydratase 2 gave a full match in the middle portion of the cDNA-derived amino acid sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence showed a high degree of similarity with pig 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type IV and MFE of yeast peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Recombinant perMFE-II (produced in Pichia pastoris) had 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase 2 and D-specific 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities and was catalytically active with several straight-chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA, 2-methyltetradecenoyl-CoA and pristenoyl-CoA esters. The results showed that in addition to an earlier described multifunctional isomerase-hydratase-dehydrogenase enzyme from rat liver peroxisomes (perMFE-I), another MFE exists in rat liver peroxisomes. They both catalyse sequential hydratase and dehydrogenase reactions of beta-oxidation but through reciprocal stereochemical courses.
Fast Relaxation of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Composite Actuators (2006)

Silicone elastomer composites containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been irradiated with near-infrared light to study their mechanical actuation response. We show that the speed of the stimulated response is faster than Debye relaxation, instead following a compressed-exponential law. However, the relaxation after switching off the light source follows the simple-exponential relaxation, as does the stimulated response at very low nanotube concentration. We discuss possible models and explanations to account for the fast photomechanical response.
Surface Anchoring of Liquid Crystal Molecules on Various Substrates (1983)

Abstract Ever since Mauguin described the fabrication of liquid crystal cells by rubbing glass plates with paper to obtain uniform homogeneous alignment, scientists have been attempting to study and understand the mechanism of anchoring and the subsequent alignment of these materials on various substrates. More than 35 different methods for creating surface alignment have been reported using both organic and inorganic films as well as various mechanical treatments. In this paper, many of these methods are reviewed and categorized. The mechanism of surface anchoring involves not one but several mechanisms. The nature of the surface material, the liquid crystal structure, and the past history of the surface, all play major roles in determining the mechanism for a specific technique.
Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in activation and replication of the tat-defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1993)

Transcription of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) depends on the function of the virus-encoded regulatory protein Tat, which interacts with the specific Tat response (TAR) element present in the leader sequence of all HIV-1 RNAs. In this study, we examined whether tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) can replace the requirement for a functional Tat protein. We found that TNF-alpha can induce expression of a latent, tat-defective virus and support its replication both in T cells and in primary mononuclear cells. Analysis of the transcriptional rate of the tat-defective HIV-1 transcriptional unit indicates that TNF-alpha stimulates the initiation of transcription but, in contrast to Tat protein, does not significantly reduce transcriptional polarity. Interestingly, we found that the processing of viral precursor proteins is altered in the absence of Tat. We propose that TNF-alpha-mediated induction of HIV-1 plays an essential role in the early stages of the virus life cycle and in viral latency.
Success and Challenges of Globalization (2004)

Dear MBR Readers: For scholars and students whose investigations examine the nature of multinational business in the 21 st century the term has become a ubiquitous concept of increasing complexity. This volume of the Multinational Review presents a rather eclectic collection of global business research endeavors and each is valuable in advancing a modern perspective for specific issues regarding the globalization of business. While the intent of the volume was to inquire into the relative successes and failures of globalization, I must leave it to the reader to answer whether or not these studies achieve that goal. I personally think it cannot because globalization is much too complex of a phenomenon to be understood from dyadic points of view - good/ bad, success/failure, and right/wrong. Nevertheless, this volume provides thought leadership on the topic of success. Father Padberg's global essay: At Home in the World in Any Century: A Jesuit Perspective on International Business notes globalization must address fundamental values, missions and goals that can be universally applied to all types of organizations. No doubt the work of the Jesuits, both successes and challenges, provides valuable case studies for multinational managers. Buckley, Clegg and Wang's analysis of the relationship between inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and the performance of the domestically owned Chinese manufacturing industry is indeed a cheery report. There is a very rich stream of research in the FDI studies and for those that have examined Multinational in terms of financial flow and there resulting impact, this work is indeed a good news study from the point of view of a country's competitiveness. Ito and Rose do not take a head-on or failure view of their subject, corporate structures in the era of globalization. Rather, they are more Darwinian and view corporate structures as entities that grow, evolve, adapt and change to enhance their competitiveness and add value for stakeholders. They explain the new form of organizational structures, networks of corporate alliances, which are shaped by the market's demand for scale, scope, and speed. If you believe in the evolution of the species we have come to call the Global Corporation this is a valuable study. Well, on second thought, evolution is really all about success and failure. Beamish and Lu's research is a field-study that digs deeply into the topic of networks and alliances. This is a very nice companion study to the Ito and Rose work. Here we can learn from a single country study that there are in fact costs and benefits that must be considered in the process of developing networks and alliances. …
Most transconductance multipliers for array applications (1981)

The MOST transconductance multiplier is a useful device for vector-product computation in integrated form. The theory and practice of this multiplier are developed here, and its use is exemplified in monolithic programmable filters containing 256-point arrays. Multiplication accuracies of 1% and bandwidths of 1 MHz are shown to be feasible, and projections are made of the ultimate capabilities of the technique.
Production of Lymphotoxin, a Bone-Resorbing Cytokine, by Cultured Human Myeloma Cells (1987)

Myeloma cells destroy bone by producing an osteoclast-stimulating factor that has chemical and biological characteristics similar to the bone-resorbing activity present in the supernatants of activated leukocyte cultures. Recently, a number of bone-resorbing leukocyte cytokines have been identified, including interleukin-1, lymphotoxin, and tumor necrosis factor. We have examined the products of human myeloma cells for the presence of these bone-resorbing cytokines. In a tumor cell line derived from a patient who had myeloma with osteolytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia, we found that the myeloma cells induced bone-resorbing activity and cytotoxic activity in vitro. Most of the bone-resorbing activity and all cytotoxic activity were suppressed by neutralizing antibodies to lymphotoxin. The myeloma cells expressed both lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor mRNA, but no tumor necrosis factor could be detected in the cell-culture medium. Interleukin-1 mRNA was not detected in the myeloma cells, and biologic activity of interleukin-1 was not measurable in the medium harvested from the cultured cells. The bone-resorbing activity induced by recombinant tumor necrosis factor and recombinant interleukin-1 was not affected by treatment with the lymphotoxin antibodies. When lymphotoxin was infused subcutaneously into normal mice (10 micrograms per day for three days), their plasma calcium levels increased. We also evaluated four established cell lines derived from three other patients with myeloma, and found a similar pattern of lymphotoxin expression in each. It appears that production of the bone-resorbing cytokine lymphotoxin is related to osteoclastic bone destruction and hypercalcemia in patients with myeloma.
Induction and maintenance treatment regimens for HIV-1 infection in vitro. (1999)

Can aggressive anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) induction regimens be simplified after sufficient virus suppression is achieved? In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that aggressive induction regimens could be followed by less aggressive maintenance regimens. A clinical HIV-1 isolate and lymphoblastoid cell line (H9) were employed. Virus multiplicities were varied, as were drug inhibitory concentrations (IC90, IC99) and induction periods (1, 2 and 3 weeks) of a three-drug regimen (zidovudine plus lamivudine and indinavir), following which maintenance regimens (no drug, zidovudine alone, indinavir alone, zidovudine plus lamivudine) were employed. After 1 week inductions at IC99 concentrations, viral rebound occurred on none or one-drug maintenance regimens but not on a two-drug regimen. After 2 week inductions, viral rebound occurred with no-drug maintenance, but not with one- and two-drug regimens. After 3 week inductions, viral rebound did not occur in zero-, one-, or two-drug maintenance regimens, although HIV-1 DNA persisted in cultured cells. These studies suggest that although some induction-maintenance regimens will fail, after a sufficient period of HIV-1 suppression with a three-drug antiretroviral regimen, maintenance on fewer drugs may be feasible.
Crystallization of glass-ceramics in SiO_2-MgO-Al_2O_3-F system (2001)

The crystallization of glass ceramics in SiO 2 MgO Al 2O 3 F system were studied by the techniques og XRD, TEM and EDAX. The results showed that in the glass system that we have studied the nucleus of crystal had formed when the melting of glass was cooled. And then the intermediate crystals, Mag\-2FBO\-3 and KAlSiO\-4 began to grow from the previously formed nuclei with heat treatment. The contents of fluorine were the causes of crystallization throughout the bulk of the glass and the major crystalline phase, fluorophlogopite (KMg\-3AlSi\-3O\- 10 F\-2)were precipitated at the boundary of the intermediate crystals.
1.9 GHz low loss varactor diode pre-distorter (1999)

Pre-distorters implemented at circuit level using series diodes have a high loss. The method presented here combines source/load second harmonic control with a parallel connected varactor diode. A reduction of 15 dB in the spectral regrowth at 1.9 GHz is achieved with a low loss of 2 dB due to the varactor diode.
<title>View-dependent approach to MIP for very large data</title> (2002)

A simple and yet useful approach to visualize a variety of structures from sampled data is the Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP). Higher valued structures of interest pass in the projection over occluding structures. This can make MIP images difficult to interpret due to the loss of depth information. Animating about the data is one key way to try to decipher such ambiguities. The challenge is that MIP is inherently expensive and thus high frame rates are difficult to achieve. Variations to the original MIP algorithm and classification can help to further alleviate ambiguities and also provide improved image quality and very different visualizations. But they make the technique even more expensive. In addition, they require much parameter searching and tweaking. As today's data sizes are increasingly getting larger, current methods only allow very limited interaction. We explore a view-dependent approach using concepts from image-based rendering. A novel multi-layered image representation storing scalar information is computed at a view sample and then warped to the user's view. We present algorithms using OpenGL to quickly compute MIP and its variations using commodity off-the-shelf graphics hardware to achieve near interactive rates.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Conversion of Lapachol to Rhinacanthin-A and other Cyclized Products (1992)

A facile synthesis of rhinacanthin-A is achieved by the side chain cyclization of lapachol with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid along with stenocarpoquinone-A, stenocarpoquinone-B and its isomer.
Edge Computing and Distributed Ledger Technologies for Flexible Production Lines: A White-Appliances Industry Case (2018)

Industry 4.0 will enable the development of hyper-efficient plants, which facilitate the implementation of emerging production models such as Made-to-Order and Configure-to-Order. In this direction, the H2020 FAR-EDGE project has introduced a reference architecture and an accompanying platform that facilitates the implementation of digital automation solutions based on edge computing and distributed ledger technologies, which enable fast, reliable and responsive automation. In this paper, we illustrate the use of these technologies for the implementation and deployment of a practical use case in the white appliances industry. Specifically, we present how a sorter component can be automatically programmed in order to ensure that items arriving at a conveyor are optimally placed in various bays. The use case leverages the edge computing paradigm in order to ensure that each physical item is able to communicate its status to all the others. At the same time, distributed ledger technologies enable the modelling of the sorting process as a reliable smart contract among all physical entities. The benefits of the deployment include tangible improvements in productivity, along with a significant reduction in the effort and time needed for the reconfiguration of the sorter.
Scanned photoluminescence with high spatial resolution in semi-insulating GaAs and InP:aspects of surface passivation and photodegradation (1992)

Spatially resolved photoluminescence (SRPL) is a useful tool for evaluating the quality of semiconductors used within electronic and photonic devices. SRPL can be done in two ways; scanning with a focused laser beam or imaging with a Vidicon. Laser-scanned SRPL can provide both high spatial resolution and sensitivity in semi-insulating gallium arsenide, GaAs:Si, and iron-doped indium phosphide, InP:Fe. Imaging SRPL can provide rapid analysis at video rates. Video rate laser scanning with a 1 mu m laser spot combines the advantages of both approaches. The contrast of SRPL scans in GaAs:Si wafers is improved by a plasma passivation treatment. Scans clearly reveal dislocated cell structures as bright bands, arsenic precipitates as dark dots and polishing damage such as scratches. Several techniques, including XPS, SIMS, TEM and DSL etching, have been used to analyse optical contrast and the passivation mechanism. SRPL scans must be done non-destructively to allow for subsequent device fabrication and yield analysis. Photodegradation is minimised if a pumping wavelength near 720 nm is selected. This observation is apparently due to a tradeoff between surface recombination and photon recycling. The small dwell time during video scans assures a non-destructive measurement, leading to improved contrast relative to systems with longer dwell times. SRPL scans in InP:Fe reveal bright spot defects, without any need of passivation. Imaging SIMS, TEM and DSL etching have been used to analyse contrast in these scans. The bright spots are dislocations and iron phosphide precipitates that have gettered significant levels of silicon contamination.
Intrahost human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution is related to length of the immunocompetent period (1995)

The antigenic diversity threshold theory predicts that antigenic sites of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, such as the V3 region of the external glycoprotein gp120, evolve more rapidly during the symptom-free period in individuals progressing to AIDS than in those who remain asymptomatic for a long time. To test this hypothesis, genomic RNA sequences were obtained from the sera of 44 individuals at seroconversion and 5 years later. The mean number of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions in the V3 region of the viruses circulating in 31 nonprogressors (1.1 x 10(-2) +/- 0.1 x 10(-2) per site per year) was higher than the corresponding value for 13 progressors (0.66 x 10(-2) +/- 0.1 x 10(-2) per site per year) (P < 0.01), while no difference between the mean numbers of synonymous substitutions in the two groups was seen (0.37 x 10(-2) +/- 0.1 x 10(-2) and 0.51 x 10(-2) +/- 0.2 x 10(-2) per site per year for nonprogressors and progressors, respectively; P > 0.1). The mean ratios of synonymous nucleotide p distance to nonsynonymous p distance were 0.35 for nonprogressors and 0.62 for progressors. The number of nonsynonymous substitutions was not associated with virus load or virus phenotype, which are established predictors of disease progression, but correlated strongly with the duration of the immunocompetent period (r2 = 0.41; P = 0.001). This indicates that there is no causative relationship between intrahost evolution and CD4+ cell decline. Our data suggest that intrahost evolution in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is driven by selective forces, the strength of which is related to the duration of the immunocompetent period.