gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water and Wastewater Pipe Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring: A Review (2010)

Civil infrastructures such as bridges, buildings, and pipelines ensure society's economic and industrial prosperity. Specifically, pipe networks assure the transportation of primary commodities such as water, oil, and natural gas. The quantitative and early detection of defects in pipes is critical in order to avoid severe consequences. As a result of high-profile accidents and economic downturn, research and development in the area of pipeline inspection has focused mainly on gas and oil pipelines. Due to the low cost of water, the development of nondestructive inspection (NDI) and structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies for fresh water mains and sewers has received the least attention. Moreover, the technical challenges associated with the practical deployment of monitoring system demand synergistic interaction across several disciplines, which may limit the transition from laboratory to real structures. This paper presents an overview of the most used NDI/SHM technologies for freshwater pipes and sewers. The challenges that said infrastructures pose with respect to oil and natural gas pipeline networks will be discussed. Finally, the methodologies that can be translated into SHM approaches are highlighted.
Tracking the course of prodromal Parkinson’s disease (2016)

Also, as alluded to by the authors, other remote locations and neurotransmitter systems could have an impact on REM-atonia and the release of RBD. Finally, isolated 'REM-withoutatonia' (RWA) without clinical RBD (usually an incidental finding in a patient being evaluated for sleep apnoea or another complaint) is not infrequently found in clinical video-polysomnographic studies (an example is shown in Fig. How does RWA in humans fit into the novel rat model? Is it also a matter of the degree of destruction of the glutamatergic SLD, or are other neuronal centres and neurotransmitters involved, including the two other neuronal types in the SLD? What is necessary to generate only RWA, in contrast to clinical RBD?
Pre-natal factors in the origin of germ cell tumours of childhood (1982)

The Manchester (England) Children's Tumour Registry is population-based with a high level of ascertainment. Pathologic review ensured diagnostic accuracy. Routine monitoring of annual incidence revealed a significant increase in germ cell tumours from approximately 1 per million person years to approximately 4. Analysis of the children's case records and their mothers' obstetric records showed an association between germ cell tumours and congenital malformations, particularly of the central nervous system, in the children themselves and in their stillborn sibs. An association between infections in pregnancy and early onset of tumours in the offspring was demonstrated. Other factors such as chronic illness in the mothers and drug-taking during pregnancy may be important, but further work is required to establish any definite associations.
Speech Intelligibility Enhancement using Tunable Equalization Filter (2007)

Speech reproduction systems such as mobile handsets are often used in environments with moderate or high level of ambient noise where the intelligibility of the spoken words is degraded heavily. We propose a low-complexity system to increase the intelligibility of far-end clean speech signal to a listener who is located in such environment. An implementation of the proposed system on ARM9 RISC processor in a mobile handset is also reported here. Speech intelligibility index (SII) obtained from the enhanced speech and the subjective test results indicate that the proposed system provides a significant gain in speech intelligibility in environments with moderate or heavy ambient noise with the introduction of minimal processing artifacts.
Voluntary Associations among Ukrainians in France (1962)

Robert T. Anderson, Gallatin Anderson, Voluntary Associations among Ukrainians in France, Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 4, Immigrant Groups (West Africa, France, Mexico) (Oct., 1962), pp. 158-168
Frequency stability in high speed frequency switching of digitally tunable laser using ladder filter (2006)

A monolithically integrated digitally tunable ring laser has been developed that employs a ladder filter and a ring resonator. The ladder filter selects one channel from the periodic channels of the ring resonator and the stable device performance is achieved by adopting a chirped ladder filter with one dominant passband. The device is capable of 34-channel (100-GHz spacing) digitally tunable laser operation and the sidemode suppression ratio is more than 40 dB. The switching time for any wavelength is less than 10 nsec and the frequency drift caused by the thermal transient is less than 500 MHz
Capacitive micro pressure sensors with underneath readout circuit using a standard CMOS process (2003)

Abstract A capacitive micropressure sensor with readout circuits on a single chip is fabricated using commercial 0.35μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and post‐processing. The main break through feature of the chip is the positioning of its readout circuits under the pressure sensor, allowing the chip to be smaller. Post‐processing included anisotropic dry etching and wet etching to remove the sacrificial layer, and the use of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of nitride to seal the etching holes on the pressure sensor. The readout circuit is divided into analog and digital parts, with the digital part being an alternate coupled RS flip‐flop with four inverters that sharpened the output wave. The analog part employed switched capacitor methodology. The pressure sensor contained an 8×8 sensing cells array, and the total area of the pressure sensor chip is 2mm×2mm.
Compartmented mode workstation: prototype highlights (1990)

The primary goal of the MITRE compartmented mode workstation (CMW) project was to articulate the security requirements that workstations must meet to process highly classified intelligence data. As a basis for the validity of the requirements developed, a prototype was implemented which demonstrated that workstations could meet the requirements in an operationally useful manner while still remaining binary compatible with off-the-shelf software. The security requirements not only addressed traditional security concerns but also introduced concepts in areas such as labeling and the use of a trusted window management system. The CMW labeling paradigm is based on associating two types of security labels with objects: sensitivity levels and information labels. Sensitivity levels describe the levels at which objects must be protected. Information labels are used to prevent data overclassification and also provide a mechanism for associating with data those markings that are required for accurate data labeling, but which play no role in access control decisions. The use of a trusted window manager allows users to easily operate at multiple sensitivity levels and provides a convenient mechanism for communicating security information to users in a relatively unobtrusive manner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal reactions of fatty acids with diethylene triamine (1997)

Abstract The relative reactivities of the primary and secondary amino groups of diethylene triamine with fatty acids depend on the thermal reaction conditions. Without solvents, the primary amines are more reactive than the secondary amine for steric reasons, and the reaction results mainly in the 1,3‐diamide. However, in dilute solution, the secondary amine shows higher reactivity than the primary amines, and the reaction proceeds probably by way of the 1,2‐diamide, which forms imidazolines under much milder conditions than from the 1,3‐diamide. The hydrolysis of imidazoline to the 1,2‐diamide as the major product confirmed the higher reactivity of the secondary amine.
Analysis of the stearoyl‐CoA desaturase system in the Morris hepatoma 7288C and 7288CTC (1984)

The microsomal stearoyl-CoA desaturase system was examined in both the Morris hepatoma 7288CTC, maintained in the host Buffalo strain rat, and the Morris hepatoma 7288C, maintained in tissue culture. In vitro examination shows the stearoyl-CoA desaturase system to be similar in the 2 tissues. Both show extremely low overall stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity, having 4% and 8% of normal liver values respectively. Examination of the electron transport system showed both tissues have decreased electron transport components cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase. Particularly noticeable were the extremely low levels of cytochrome b5 (2% compared with normal liver). Microsomes from both tissues showed a decreased ability to reduce an artificial electron acceptor, cytochrome c. With the low levels of cytochrome b5 observed in these tissues, the low levels of overall desaturase activity may be caused by lack of terminal enzyme, lack of sufficient cytochrome b5, or both. Analysis of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase system in cultured hepatoma cells suggests that these cells are similar to the host-grown tumor in this respect and may be used as a model in further examinations of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase system.
Modeling a Sialic Acid Binding Pocket in the External Loops of JC Virus VP1 (2004)

JC virus (JCV) is a common human polyomavirus that infects over 70% of the population worldwide. JCV has a restricted cell tropism that is caused partly by the initial interaction between the virus and sialic acid-containing host cell receptors. To identify the molecular interactions between the virus and its cellular receptor, we used a combined approach of site-directed mutagenesis and homology-based molecular modeling. A model of the major viral capsid protein VP1 based on sequence alignment with other closely related polyomaviruses allowed us to target specific amino acids in the extracellular loops of VP1 for mutagenesis. An analysis of the growth rates of 17 point mutants led to the identification of VP1 amino acids that are critical in virus-host cell receptor interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations were then used to build and confirm a model of the interaction between VP1 and the sialic acid component of the JCV receptor.
Aspectizing server-side distribution (2004)

We discuss how a collection of domain-specific and domain-independent tools can be combined to "aspectize" the distributed character of server-side applications, to a much greater extent than with prior efforts. Specifically, we present a framework that can be used with a large class of unaware applications to turn their objects into distributed objects with minimal programming effort. Our framework is developed on top of three main components: AspectJ (a high-level aspect language), XDoclet (a low-level aspect language), and NRMI (a middleware facility that makes remote calls behave more like local calls). We discuss why each of the three components offers unique advantages and is necessary for an elegant solution, why our approach is general, and how it constitutes a significant improvement over past efforts to isolate distribution concerns.
Endpoints in Adjuvant Treatment Trials: A Systematic Review of the Literature in Colon Cancer and Proposed Definitions for Future Trials (2007)

Disease-free survival is increasingly being used as the primary endpoint of most trials testing adjuvant treatments in cancer. Other frequently used endpoints include overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and time to recurrence. These endpoints are often defined differently in different trials in the same type of cancer, leading to a lack of comparability among trials. In this Commentary, we used adjuvant studies in colon cancer as a model to address this issue. In a systematic review of the literature, we identified 52 studies of adjuvant treatment in colon cancer published in 1997-2006 that used eight other endpoints in addition to overall survival. Both the definition of these endpoints and the starting point for measuring time to the events that constituted these endpoints varied widely. A panel of experts on clinical research on colorectal cancer then reached consensus on the definition of each endpoint. Disease-free survival--defined as the time from randomization to any event, irrespective of cause--was considered to be the most informative endpoint for assessing the effect of treatment and therefore the most relevant to clinical practice. The proposed guidelines may add to the quality and cross-comparability of future studies of adjuvant treatments for cancer.
Interactive learning of alert signatures in High Performance Cluster system logs (2012)

The ability to automatically discover error conditions with little human input is a feature lacking in most modern computer systems and networks. However, with the ever increasing size and complexity of modern systems, such a feature will become a necessity in the not too distant future. Our work proposes a hybrid framework that allows High Performance Clusters (HPC) to detect error conditions in their logs. Through the use of anomaly detection, the system is able to detect portions of the log that are likely to contain errors (anomalies). Via visualization, human administrators can inspect these anomalies and assign labels to clusters that correlate with error conditions. The system can then learn a signature from the confirmed anomalies, which it uses to detect future occurrences of the error condition. Our evaluations show the system is able to generate simple and accurate signatures using very little data.
<i>Pseudomonas</i>biofilm matrix composition and niche biology (2011)

Biofilms are a predominant form of growth for bacteria in the environment and in the clinic. Critical for biofilm development are adherence, proliferation, and dispersion phases. Each of these stages includes reinforcement by, or modulation of, the extracellular matrix. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been a model organism for the study of biofilm formation. Additionally, other Pseudomonas species utilize biofilm formation during plant colonization and environmental persistence. Pseudomonads produce several biofilm matrix molecules, including polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins. Accessory matrix components shown to aid biofilm formation and adaptability under varying conditions are also produced by pseudomonads. Adaptation facilitated by biofilm formation allows for selection of genetic variants with unique and distinguishable colony morphology. Examples include rugose small-colony variants and wrinkly spreaders (WS), which over produce Psl/Pel or cellulose, respectively, and mucoid bacteria that over produce alginate. The well-documented emergence of these variants suggests that pseudomonads take advantage of matrix-building subpopulations conferring specific benefits for the entire population. This review will focus on various polysaccharides as well as additional Pseudomonas biofilm matrix components. Discussions will center on structure-function relationships, regulation, and the role of individual matrix molecules in niche biology.
Analysis of solutes rejection in ultrafiltration. (1981)

To establish an effective method of quantitative analysis in ultrafiltration, the rejection of six solutions of various molecular weights by cellulose acetate ultrafiltration membranes was studied. At first, the effects of concentration polarization were corrected. Mass transfer coefficients determined by the velocity variation method agreed very well with the Deissler correlation. Next, by using Spiegler and Kedem equations, transport of solute through ultrafiltration membrane was analyzed. A method of curve-fitting was found effective to determine two parameters, i.e. solute permeability P and reflection coefficient σ. Finally, these parameters obtained from experiments for various solutes were analyzed using the modified "pore theory", and were correlated with the ratio of the radius of solute and pore and with the effective pore length. Structure of the membrane was estimated from these results.
Stabilization of the tautomers HP(OH)<sub>2</sub>and P(OH)<sub>3</sub>of hypophosphorous and phosphorous acids as ligands (2005)

Treatment of [CpRu(PPh(3))(2)Cl] 1 with the stoichiometric amount of H(3)PO(2) or H(3)PO(3) in the presence of chloride scavengers (AgCF(3)SO(3) or TlPF(6)) yields compounds of formula [CpRu(PPh(3))(2)(HP(OH)(2))]Y (Y = CF(3)SO(3) 2a or PF(6) 2b) and [CpRu(PPh(3))(2)(P(OH)(3))]Y (Y = CF(3)SO(3) 3aor PF(6) 3b) which contain, respectively, the HP(OH)(2) and P(OH)(3) tautomers of hypophosphorous and phosphorous acids bound to ruthenium through the phosphorus atom. The triflate derivatives 2a and 3a react further with hypophosphorous or phosphorous acids to yield, respectively, the complexes [CpRu(PPh(3))(HP(OH)(2))(2)]CF(3)SO(3) 4 and [CpRu(PPh(3))(P(OH)(3))(2)]CF(3)SO(3) 5 which are formed by substitution of one molecule of the acid for a coordinated triphenylphosphine molecule. The compounds 2 and 3 are quite stable in the solid state and in solutions of common organic solvents, but the hexafluorophosphate derivatives undergo easy transformations in CH(2)Cl(2): the hypophosphorous acid complex 2b yields the compound [CpRu(PPh(3))(2)(HP(OH)(2))]PF(2)O(2) 6, whose difluorophosphate anion originates from hydrolysis of PF(6)(-); the phosphorous acid complex 3b yields the compound [CpRu(PPh(3))(2)(PF(OH)(2))]PF(2)O(2) 7, which is produced by hydrolysis of hexafluorophosphate and substitution of a fluorine for an OH group of the coordinated acid molecule. All the compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses and NMR measurements. The crystal structures of 2a, 3a and 7 have been determined by X-ray diffraction methods.
Synthesis of three-dimensional light fields and applications (2002)

The possibility of synthesizing light fields satisfying given requirements within a three-dimensional (3-D) space domain was proposed and demonstrated during recent years. In this paper we present fundamental physical properties characterizing 3-D fields and propose analytical and numerical procedures to synthesize them. These methods solve the proper wave equation under 3-D constraints. Since the manipulation of light is a basic task, this is an effective approach to deal with classical as well as novel problems in optics and photonics technologies. We discuss exciting new potential areas of application and extensions of this concept.
Multi-target and medium-independent fungal antagonism by hydrolytic enzymes in Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus pumilus strains from barley rhizosphere (2006)

Glucanolytic bacteria from barley rhizosphere soil were isolated by a procedure selecting for isolates with ß-glucosidase activity. Almost all isolates were fast-growing, Gram-positive rods. Sixteen out of 100 isolates showed in vitro fungal antagonism against widely different plant-pathogenic microfungi (Aphanomyces cochleoides, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani). The 16 isolates shared a characteristic profile of cell-wall-degrading enzymes, comprising glucanolytic (cellulase, mannanase and xylanase) and proteolytic enzymes. This enzyme profile was not observed in any of the non-antagonistic isolates and may thus be useful in selection protocols for fungal antagonists producing fungal cell-wall-degrading enzymes. The antagonistic isolates were identified as Paenibacillus (Bacillus) polymyxa (2 strains) and Bacillus pumilus (13 strains), Bacillus sp. (1 strain). Both P. polymyxa isolates and a subgroup of 4 B. pumilus isolates showed a medium-independent antagonism as tested against A. cochleoides in four different media. This was apparently related to constitutive production of cell-wall-degrading enzymes (P. polymyxa) or induction of a repertoire of enzymes substituting for each other in different media (B. pumilus). Despite different strategies of enzyme production in the media, both the P. polymyxa and B. pumilus strains demonstrate a multi-target and medium-independent type of fungal antagonism, which is promising for application in biological control.
Advanced Tools for Tissue Engineering: Scaffolds, Bioreactors, and Signaling (2006)

This article contains the collective views expressed at the second session of the workshop "Tissue Engineering--The Next Generation,'' which was devoted to the tools of tissue engineering: scaffolds, bioreactors, and molecular and physical signaling. Lisa E. Freed and Farshid Guilak discussed the integrated use of scaffolds and bioreactors as tools to accelerate and control tissue regeneration, in the context of engineering mechanically functional cartilage and cardiac muscle. Edward Guo focused on the opportunities that tissue engineering generates for studies of mechanobiology and on the need for tissue engineers to learn about mechanical forces during tissue and organ genesis. Martha L. Gray focused on the potential of biomedical imaging for noninvasive monitoring of engineered tissues and on the opportunities biomedical imaging can generate for the development of new markers. Robert Tranquillo reviewed the approach to tissue engineering of a spectrum of avascular habitually loaded tissues- blood vessels, heart valves, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and skin. Jeffrey W. Holmes offered the perspective of a "reverse paradigm''--the use of tissue constructs in quantitative studies of cell-matrix interactions, cell mechanics, matrix mechanics, and mechanobiology. Milica Radisic discussed biomimetic design of tissue-engineering systems, on the example of synchronously contractile cardiac muscle. Michael V. Sefton proposed a new, simple approach to the vascularization of engineered tissues. This session stressed the need for advanced scaffolds, bioreactors, and imaging technologies and offered many enlightening examples on how these advanced tools can be utilized for functional tissue engineering and basic research in medicine and biology.
Genetic and structural insights into broad neutralization of hepatitis C virus by human V <sub>H</sub> 1-69 antibodies (2019)

An effective vaccine to the antigenically diverse hepatitis C virus (HCV) must target conserved immune epitopes. Here, we investigate cross-neutralization of HCV genotypes by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) encoded by the relatively abundant human gene family <i>V</i> <i><sub>H</sub></i> <i>1-69</i>. We have deciphered the molecular requirements for cross-neutralization by this unique class of human antibodies from crystal structures of HCV E2 in complex with bNAbs. An unusually high binding affinity is found for germ line-reverted versions of V<sub>H</sub>1-69 precursor antibodies, and neutralization breadth is acquired during affinity maturation. Deep sequencing analysis of an HCV-immune B cell repertoire further demonstrates the importance of the <i>V</i> <sub><i>H</i></sub> <i>1-69</i> gene family in the generation of HCV bNAbs. This study therefore provides critical insights into immune recognition of HCV with important implications for rational vaccine design.
Immobilization and activation of vanadium(III) and titanium(III) single‐site catalysts for ethylene polymerization using MgCl<sub>2</sub>‐based supports (2005)

Abstract Significant increases in the activity of vanadium(III) amidinate catalysts for ethylene polymerization have been obtained by immobilization on a MgCl 2 ‐based support prepared by reaction of AlEt 3 with a MgCl 2 /ethanol adduct. Catalyst immobilization and activation on this type of support prevents the rapid decay in activity observed under homogeneous polymerization conditions with unsupported catalysts. Stable polymerization activity is also observed with analogous titanium(III) complexes. Polyethylene with narrow molecular weight distribution and spherical particle morphology is obtained without reactor fouling. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry