gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
pH-Responsive Three-Layered PEGylated Polyplex Micelle Based on a Lactosylated ABC Triblock Copolymer as a Targetable and Endosome-Disruptive Nonviral Gene Vector (2006)

Nonviral vectors for gene therapy have recently received an increased impetus because of the inherent safety problems of the viral vectors, while their transfection efficiency is generally low compared to the viral vectors. The lack of the ability to escape from the endosomal compartments is believed to be one of the critical barriers to the intracellular delivery of noviral gene vectors. This study was devoted to the design and preparation of a novel ABC triblock copolymer for constructing a pH-responsive and targetable nonviral gene vector. The copolymer, lactosylated poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(silamine)-block-poly[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (Lac-PEG-PSAO-PAMA), consists of lactosylated poly(ethylene glycol) (A-segment), a pH-responsive polyamine segment (B-segment), and a DNA-condensing polyamine segment (C-segment). The Lac-PEG-PSAO-PAMA spontaneously associated with plasmid DNA (pDNA) to form three-layered polyplex micelles with a PAMA/pDNA polyion complex (PIC) core, an uncomplexed PSAO inner shell, and a lactosylated PEG outer shell, as confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Under physiological conditions, the Lac-PEG-PSAO-PAMA/pDNA polyplex micelles prepared at an N/P (number of amino groups in the copolymer/number of phosphate groups in pDNA) ratio above 3 were found to be able to condense pDNA, thus adopting a relatively small size (< 150 nm) and an almost neutral surface charge (zeta approximately +5 mV). The micelle underwent a pH-induced size variation (pH = 7.4, 132.6 nm --> pH = 4.0, 181.8 nm) presumably due to the conformational changes (globule-rod transition) of the uncomplexed PSAO chain in response to pH, leading to swelling of the free PSAO inner shell at lowered pH while retaining the condensed pDNA in the PAMA/pDNA PIC core. Furthermore, the micelles exhibited a specific cellular uptake into HuH-7 cells (hepatocytes) through asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptor-mediated endocytosis and achieved a far more efficient transfection ability of a reporter gene compared to the Lac-PEG-PSAO/pDNA and Lac-PEG-PAMA/pDNA polyplex micelles composed of the diblock copolymers and pDNA. The effect of hydroxychloroquine as an endosomolytic agent on the transfection efficiency was not observed for the Lac-PEG-PSAO-PAMA/pDNA polyplex micelles, whereas the nigericin treatment of the cell as an inhibitor for the endosomal acidification induced a substantial decrease in the transfection efficiency, suggesting that the protonation of the free PSAO inner shell in response to a pH decrease in the endosome might lead to the disruption of the endosome through buffering of the endosomal cavity. Therefore, the polyplex micelle composed of ABC (ligand-PEG/pH-responsive segment/DNA-condensing segment) triblock copolymer would be a promising approach to a targetable and endosome disruptive nonviral gene vector.
Immunological Barriers to Stem-Cell Based Cardiac Repair (2010)

Repair of damaged myocardium with pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes is becoming increasingly more feasible. Developments in stem cell research emphasize the need to address the foreseeable problem of immune rejection following transplantation. Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) derived cardiomyocytes have unique immune characteristics, some of which are not advantageous for transplantation. Here we review the possible mechanisms of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes rejection, summarize the current knowledge pertaining to immunogenicity of such cells and describe the existing controversies. Myocardial graft rejection can be reduced by modifying PSCs prior to their differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Overall, this approach facilitates the development of universal donor stem cells suitable for the regeneration of many different tissue types.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Micrometer‐Scale Single‐Crystalline Au Plates of Nanometer Thickness by a Wet‐Chemical Route (2004)

Die chemische Reduktion von H[AuCl4] mit ortho-Phenylendiamin in wässriger Phase bei Raumtemperatur und Normaldruck ermöglicht die Synthese von einige Mikrometer langen Au-Nanotäfelchen (siehe SEM-Bild). Die Täfelchen fallen als Einkristalle mit einer Vorzugswachsrichtung entlang der Au-(111)-Ebene und vorwiegend hexagonaler Form an.
Dynamic matrix factorization: A state space approach (2012)

Matrix factorization from a small number of observed entries has recently garnered much attention as the key ingredient of successful recommendation systems. One unresolved problem in this area is how to adapt current methods to handle changing user preferences over time. Recent proposals to address this issue are heuristic in nature and do not fully exploit the time-dependent structure of the problem. As a principled and general temporal formulation, we propose a dynamical state space model of matrix factorization. Our proposal builds upon probabilistic matrix factorization, a Bayesian model with Gaussian priors. We utilize results in state tracking, i.e. the Kalman filter, to provide accurate recommendations in the presence of both process and measurement noise. We show how system parameters can be learned via expectation-maximization and provide comparisons to current published techniques.
Seismomagnetic Effects from the Long-Awaited 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield Earthquake (2006)

Precise measurements of local magnetic fields have been obtained with a differentially connected array of seven synchronized proton magnetometers located along 60 km of the locked-to-creeping transition region of the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California, since 1976. The M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake on 28 September 2004, occurred within this array and generated coseismic magnetic field changes of between 0.2 and 0.5 nT at five sites in the network. No preseismic magnetic field changes exceeding background noise levels are apparent in the magnetic data during the month, week, and days before the earthquake (or expected in light of the absence of measurable precursive deformation, seismicity, or pore pressure changes). Obser- vations of electric and magnetic fields from 0.01 to 20 Hz are also made at one site near the end of the earthquake rupture and corrected for common-mode signals from the ionosphere/magnetosphere using a second site some 115 km to the northwest along the fault. These magnetic data show no indications of unusual noise before the earthquake in the ULF band (0.01-20 Hz) as suggested may have preceded the 1989 ML 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake. Nor do we see electric field changes similar to those suggested to occur before earthquakes of this magnitude from data in Greece. Uni- form and variable slip piezomagnetic models of the earthquake, derived from strain, displacement, and seismic data, generate magnetic field perturbations that are con- sistent with those observed by the magnetometer array. A higher rate of longer-term magnetic field change, consistent with increased loading in the region, is apparent since 1993. This accompanied an increased rate of secular shear strain observed on a two-color EDM network and a small network of borehole tensor strainmeters and increased seismicity dominated by three M 4.5-5 earthquakes roughly a year apart in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Models incorporating all of these data indicate increased slip at depth in the region, and this may have played a role in the final occurrence of the 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. The absence of electric and magnetic field precursors for this, and other earthquakes with M 5-7.3 elsewhere in the San Andreas fault system, indicates useful prediction of damaging earthquakes seems unlikely using these electromagnetic data.
A 280NA, 87PPM/&#x00B0;C, high PSRR full CMOS voltage reference and its application (2012)

An ultra low quiescent current voltage reference generator with a supply voltage ranging from 1.5V to 3.3V has been implemented in 0.35um process. It is a full CMOS voltage reference which doesn't need bipolar devices and resistors. The quiescent current is only 280nA in normal operation and the temperature coefficient is 87ppm/°C from −25°C to 85°C. Its power supply rejection ratio without any filtering capacitor can achieve −49dB at 1kHz and the circuit takes 0.027mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die area.
Vehicle Identification using Discrete Spectrums in Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

We studied the possibility of using wireless sensor networks for vehicle identification in a large open field. This is exciting research in that it not only presents a challenge but has practicality. The challenge here is to develop algorithms and/or protocols for sensor nodes to execute a given task. Since each sensor node has limited computation and communication capabilities, these limitations prohibit the use of algorithms and/or protocols developed for conventional computers and networks. Each sensor is dispensable and easily deployable, it can do meaningful work when it is collaborated as a networked cluster; therefore it is very practical in application. Our goal is to identify vehicles in real time using acoustic signal sensors and wireless networks. Our contribution in this paper is three fold. First, we developed a simple vehicle sound identification algorithm enough to be implemented for capacity limited sensor nodes. Second, we proposed architecture and protocols of wireless sensor networks for vehicle identification using this developed sound classification algorithm. Third, we proposed a cooperation model among sensors to expedite the classification process. Our preliminary results show the proposed architecture and protocols are promising.
Age and motor score predict osteoprotegerin level in chronic spinal cord injury. (2008)

Severe cervical spinal cord injury is associated with decreased circulating OPG levels placing these patients at risk for accelerated bone loss that appears unrelated to locomotive mode.
PTC/PROP tasting: Anatomy, psychophysics, and sex effects (1994)

Taste worlds of humans vary because of taste blindness to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and its chemical relative, 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). We review early PTC studies and apply modern statistical analyses to show that a higher frequency of women tasted PTC crystals, and were tasters (threshold classification). In our laboratory, scaling of PROP bitterness led to the identification of a subset of tasters (supertasters) who rate PROP as intensely bitter. Supertasters also perceive stronger tastes from a variety of bitter and sweet substances, and perceive more burn from oral irritants (alcohol and capsaicin). The density of taste receptors on the anterior tongue (fungiform papillae, taste buds) correlate significantly with perceived bitterness of PROP and support the supertaster concept. Psychophysical data from studies in our laboratory also show a sex effect; women are supertasters more frequently. The anatomical data also support the sex difference; women have more fungiform papillae and more taste buds. Future investigations of PTC/PROP tasting and food behaviors should include scaling to identify supertasters and separate sex effects.
Novel Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals with Very Large Spontaneous Polarization (1989)

Several ferroelectric liquid crystals derived from a new optically active (2S, 5R)-2-hydroxy-5-hexyl-δ-valerolactone have been synthesized, and their mesomorphic and ferroelectric properties have been investigated. Very large spontaneous polarization ( P s ) has been observed in these compounds, one of which shows an extremly large P s value: as high as 320 nC/cm 2 .
Mindfulness online: a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility of a web-based mindfulness course and the impact on stress (2012)

Because perceived stress significantly decreased with such limited exposure to mindfulness, there are implications for the accessibility of mindfulness therapies online. Future research needs to evaluate other health outcomes for which face-to-face mindfulness therapies have been shown to help, such as anxiety and depressive symptoms.
Effects of Suprachiasmatic Lesions on Circadian Rhythms of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Locomotor Activity in the Rat. (1995)

To determine whether the circadian rhythms in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and locomotor activity are controlled by an internal biological clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), we continuously measured these parameters in SCN-lesioned rats using a newly developed implantable radiotelemetry device and a computerized data collecting system. Although SCN-lesioned rats showed a weak but significant 24-h periodicity in BP and HR under light-dark (LD) cycles, BP, HR and locomotor activity became completely aperiodic under constant dark (DD) conditions. The amount of locomotor activity was significantly reduced in SCN-lesioned rats compared to that in intact rats. BP tended to be higher in SCN-lesioned rats, but the differences were significant only in the comparison of systolic blood pressure (SBP) under LD and DD (p < 0.05) and of mean blood pressure (MBP) under LD (p < 0.05). HR in SCN-lesioned rats was significantly lower under LD (p < 0.05), but not under DD. The standard deviation and the variation coefficient of MBP, as indices of short-term variability of this parameter, were significantly larger in SCN-lesioned rats than in intact rats, while those of HR and locomotor activity did not differ significantly between SCN-lesioned and intact rats. These results indicate that the SCN is important not only for generating circadian rhythms of BP, HR and locomotor activity, but also for buffering the short-term variability of BP in rats.
A memory system supporting the efficient SIMD computation of the two dimensional DWT (2002)

Real time image processing uses SIMD engines to accelerate the computation of algorithms such as the DCT, FFT or DWT. So, a good skewing scheme becomes essential for avoiding memory bank conflicts. A memory system is introduced for the efficient in-place computation of such transforms. It consists of M=2/sup m/ memory modules, providing parallel access to M image points whose patterns are a row or a column, the interval in both cases being 2/sup l/, l/spl ges/0. The efficiency of our design is proved through the computation of the 2D DWT.
Mixed Reality Architecture: a dynamic architectural topology (2007)

Architecture can be shown to structure patterns of co-presence and in turn to be\nstructured itself by the rules and norms of the society present within it. This two-way\nrelationship exists in a surprisingly stable framework, as fundamental changes to\nbuildings are slow and costly. At the same time, change within organisations is\nincreasingly rapid and buildings are used to accommodate some of that change. This\nadaptation can be supported by the use of telecommunication technologies, overcoming\nthe need for co-presence during social interaction. However, often this results in a loss\nof accountability or ‘civic legibility’, as the link between physical location and social\nactivity is broken. In response to these considerations, Mixed Reality Architecture\n(MRA) was developed. MRA links multiple physical spaces across a shared 3D virtual\nworld. We report on the design of MRA, including the key concept of the Mixed Reality\nArchitectural Cell, a novel architectural interface between architectural spaces that are\nremote to each other. An in-depth study lasting one year and involving six office-based\nMRACells, used video recordings, the analysis of event logs, diaries and an interview\nsurvey. This produced a series of ethnographic vignettes describing social interaction\nwithin MRA in detail. In this paper we concentrate on the topological properties of MRA.\nIt can be shown that the dynamic topology of MRA and social interaction taking place\nwithin it are fundamentally intertwined. We discuss how topological adjacencies across\nvirtual space change the integration of the architectural spaces that MRA is installed in.\nWe further reflect on how the placement of MRA technology in different parts of an\noffice space (deep or shallow) impacts on the nature of that particular space. Both the\nabove can be shown to influence movement through the building and social interaction\ntaking place within it. These findings are directly relevant to new buildings that need to\nbe designed to accommodate organisational change in future but also to existing\nbuilding stock that might be very hard to adapt. We are currently expanding the system\nto new sites and are planning changes to the infrastructure of MRA as well as its\ninteractional interface.
CONSTANT-RADIUS BLENDING IN SOLID MODELLING (1984)

Current solid modellers lack facilities for describing blends, i.e., smooth fillets and rounds between surface features of mechanical parts. This paper discusses the issues that arise in the design of blending facilities for solid modellers, summarizes proposed approaches, and presents a new approach for incorporating constant-radius blends, conceptually generated by rolling a sphere in contact with the surfaces to be blended, in modellers based on constructive solid geometry (CSG).
On-the-Fly Adaptation of Regression Forests for Online Camera Relocalisation (2017)

Camera relocalisation is an important problem in computer vision, with applications in simultaneous localisation and mapping, virtual/augmented reality and navigation. Common techniques either match the current image against keyframes with known poses coming from a tracker, or establish 2D-to-3D correspondences between keypoints in the current image and points in the scene in order to estimate the camera pose. Recently, regression forests have become a popular alternative to establish such correspondences. They achieve accurate results, but must be trained offline on the target scene, preventing relocalisation in new environments. In this paper, we show how to circumvent this limitation by adapting a pre-trained forest to a new scene on the fly. Our adapted forests achieve relocalisation performance that is on par with that of offline forests, and our approach runs in under 150ms, making it desirable for real-time systems that require online relocalisation.
Laser direct-write metallization in thin palladium acetate films (1987)

Micron-scale palladium lines have been produced by a photothermal laser direct-write process in thin palladium acetate films. The range of observed structures relates to the complex thermal profiles generated by coupling of the incident laser radiation with the exothermic heat of reaction. Surprisingly, the chemical composition of these features does not vary significantly as a function of laser power and scan speed. Rather, deviation of the electrical resistivities of these features from that of pure palladium results from porosity in the lines.
Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Association for Chemoreception Sciences (AChemS XV) (1993)

Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Association for Chemoreception Sciences (AChemS XV) Get access Chemical Senses, Volume 18, Issue 5, October 1993, Pages 523–659, https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/18.5.523 Published: 01 October 1993
Intelligent Upscaling of Static and Dynamic Reservoir Properties (2009)

Abstract Rock typing is an essential part of building geological model for an asset. Millions of dollars are invested in logs, core measurements, SCAL studies and geological interpretation that result in definition of different rock types. In most caes rock types that are identified in a reservoir do not have crisp boundaries and display overlapping characteristics. During the upscaling process, multiple rock types that have been identified in a high resolution geological (geo-cellular) model are approximated into a dominant rock type for any grid block in a reservoir simulation flow model.This defeats the original purpose of performing detail geological and petrophysical studies as far as reservoir flow models are concerned. The objective of this study is to develop a new upscaling methodology based on fuzzy set theory principles. Fuzzy rock typing refers to taking into account the inherent uncertainties and vagueness associated with rock typing in hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs. In this paper a numerical simulator has been used as the control environment in order to set up multiple studies that would demonstrate the difference between using conventional approach of implementation of geological models in the reservoir flow simulation studies and the new approach that is the subject of this study. By using the numerical reservoir simulator as the control environment it is intended to study the complexities that exist in geological model at much higher resolution and then compare simulation in large grid blocks using two different approaches. The problem has been set up in the form of upscaling study. First, the study was performed using conventional upscaling practices and then it was carried out using the proposed technique. The results then have been analyzed in order to demonstrate the difference between the two techniques and the advantages and disadvantages o f each have been identified. This manuscript has been organized in several sections. In the literature review section the current practices in upscaling dynamic reservoir properties such as relative permeability and capillary pressure are reviewd as well as basic definitions of rock typing. A brief section on fuzzy set theory is also presented in this section. The problem is defined in more details and some background information is presented in the "Introduction" Section. The approaches used to perform the study are presented in the "Methodology" section. Details results are presented and discussed in the "Results & Discussion" section and the manuscript is completed providing some concluding remarks.
Structure-based design and synthesis of a bivalent iminobiotin analog showing strong affinity toward a low immunogenic streptavidin mutant (2015)

The streptavidin/biotin interaction has been widely used as a useful tool in research fields. For application to a pre-targeting system, we previously developed a streptavidin mutant that binds to an iminobiotin analog while abolishing affinity for natural biocytin. Here, we design a bivalent iminobiotin analog that shows 1000-fold higher affinity than before, and determine its crystal structure complexed with the mutant protein.
Detection of GNSS Ionospheric Scintillations Based on Machine Learning Decision Tree (2018)

This paper proposes a methodology for automatic, accurate, and early detection of amplitude ionospheric scintillation events, based on machine learning algorithms, applied on big sets of 50 Hz postcorrelation data provided by a global navigation satellite system receiver. Experimental results on real data show that this approach can considerably improve traditional methods, reaching a detection accuracy of 98%, very close to human-driven manual classification. Moreover, the detection responsiveness is enhanced, enabling early scintillation alerts.
Mixed-Reality and Traditional Flight Simulators for Urban Air Mobility Vehicles (2019)

The 2018 NASA Academy at Langley Research Center created proof-of-concept mixed reality (MR) and traditional simulators to enable quick vehicle concept prototyping and data collection for human factors studies. Urban Air Mobility (UAM) vehicle concepts were implemented as the focus for these simulators due to recent and dramatic rise in subject interest. The team used X-Plane 11 to model flight dynamics, and Unity for the virtual reality (VR) aspect of the MR simulator and to model the control panel in the traditional simulator. A physical version of the virtual control panel was also fabricated to provide haptic feedback to maintain the immersion for the MR simulator.