gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delay-bounded and minimal transmission broadcast in LEO satellite networks (2016)

Satellite systems have attracted much attention from academic and industrial communities in the past 20 years. There are many satellites that have been launched for all kinds of applications. Broadcast is a fundamental operation in satellite networks. It is frequently used for satellites self-organization, coordination and collaboration. The problem of our concern is, given an Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite network and a delay-bound, to find a broadcast schedule that delivers a message to all satellites within the delay-bound and the total number of transmissions is minimized. In this paper, we propose a broadcast routing and transmission scheduling algorithm for satellite networks. We first develop a space-time graph that models the dynamic connectivity of the satellite network as time progresses forward. The broadcast message is carried from one position to the other where it is forwarded to other recipients. A greedy algorithm with back-track search is designed to find the best transmitting nodes and the best transmission time in order to achieve the minimal number of transmissions subject to the constraint of delay-bound. Simulations have been conducted in the real LEO satellite constellations. Simulation results show good performance of our proposed scheme.
A Highly Efficient and Selective Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole Linked Saccharide Nucleosides Via “Click Chemistry” (2008)

A series of 1,2,3-triazole linked saccharide nucleosides were synthesized in high yield and selectivity via "click chemistry" of the 3'-azido-2'-deoxythymidine and the propargyl carbohydrates. [image omitted].
Dilute Solution Condensation during Hydrolytic Degradation of Imidophosphates at 60° (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDilute Solution Condensation during Hydrolytic Degradation of Imidophosphates at 60°O. T. Quimby, A. Narath, and F. H. LohmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 5, 1099–1106Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01490a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01490a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of position and orientation of the 72-base-pair-repeat transcriptional enhancer on replication from the simian virus 40 core origin (1987)

A number of recent studies have reported that in papovaviruses such as simian virus 40 (SV40) and polyomavirus, the replication of the viral DNA in vivo is activated by the viral transcriptional enhancer or promoter sequences. Both viral and cellular transcriptional enhancers are well known for their ability to activate transcription in a position- and orientation-independent manner. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the position and orientation of the SV40 72-base-pair (bp) repeat enhancer on its replication activation function. We constructed plasmids containing one copy each of the SV40 core origin and enhancer placed in either order and orientation and at different distances from each other. We assayed the replication efficiencies of these plasmids in the presence of an internal control plasmid in COS-1 monkey kidney cells producing the SV40 T antigen required for replication. We found that the 72-bp repeat was capable of activating replication equally well in either orientation when placed 8 or 9 bp from the core origin. The activation of replication was totally abolished, and replication efficiencies in most instances were found to be lower than that obtained with the core origin alone, when the 72-bp repeat was separated from the core origin by distances of 99 bp or more. This was in direct contrast to the situation with polyomavirus, in which activation of replication by the homologous enhancer or by the SV40 72-bp repeat enhancer is known to be position independent. We also found that when the SV40 core origin and the 72-bp repeat enhancer were adjacent to each other, efficient activation of replication was obtained only if the end of the core origin containing the 17-bp A + T block was linked with the enhancer. In the other orientation of the core origin, activation of replication was either diminished or abolished. Hypotheses such as alteration of chromatin structure by the enhancer and interaction between trans-acting factors binding to the enhancer and the core origin mediating the activation effect are discussed.
Sampling Theory in Item Analysis (1937)

Since item values obtained by item analysis procedures are not always stable from one situation to another, it follows that selection of items for validity or difficulty is sometimes useless. An application of Chi Square to testing homogeneity of item values is made, in the case of the UL method, and illustrative data are presented. A method of applying sampling theory to Horst's maximizing function is outlined, as illustrative of author's observation that the results of item analysis by any of various methods may be similarly tested.
Structure and parameters of clusters in traffic flow (1994)

The nonlinear theory of the cluster effect in a traffic flow [B. S. Kerner and P. Konh\"auser, Phys. Rev. E 48, 2335 (1993)], i.e., the effect of the appearance of a region of high density and low average velocity of vehicles in an initially homogeneous flow, is presented. The structures of a stationary moving cluster are derived. It is found that the density, the average velocities of vehicles inside and outside the cluster, and also the velocity of the cluster are the characteristic parameters of the traffic flow. The dependencies of the cluster structure and parameters on the density of vehicles in the initially homogeneous flow and on the length of the road are investigated. It is found that the cluster can appear within regions of density of vehicles which correspond to a stable homogeneous flow. It is shown that an appearance of a localized perturbation, having a finite amplitude, in the stable homogeneous flow can lead to a self-formation of a local cluster of vehicles which is surrounded by the homogeneous traffic flow. The parameters of the local cluster do not depend on the amplitude of this perturbation but only on the parameters of the flow.
MRI-Guided Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy of Malignant and Benign Breast Lesions (2002)

We present the clinical implementation of a novel hybrid system that combines magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared (NIR) optical measurements for the noninvasive study of breast cancer in vivo. Fourteen patients were studied with a MR-NIR prototype imager and spectrometer. A diffuse optical tomographic scheme employed the MR images as a priori information to implement an image-guided NIR localized spectroscopic scheme. All patients who entered the study also underwent gadolinium-enhanced MRI and biopsy so that the optical findings were cross-validated with MR readings and histopathology. The technique quantified the oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin of five malignant and nine benign breast lesions in vivo. Breast cancers were found with decreased oxygen saturation and higher blood concentration than most benign lesions. The average hemoglobin concentration ([H]) of cancers was 0.130+/-0.100 mM, and the average hemoglobin saturation (Y) was 60+/-9% compared to [H]=0.018+/-0.005 mM and Y=69+/-6% of background tissue. Fibroadenomas exhibited high hemoglobin concentration [H]=0.060+/-0.010 mM and mild decrease in oxygen saturation Y=67+/-2%. Cysts and other normal lesions were easily differentiated based on intrinsic contrast information. This novel optical technology can be a significant add-on in MR examinations and can be used to characterize functional parameters of cancers with diagnostic and treatment prognosis potential. It is foreseen that the technique can play a major role in functional activation studies of brain and muscle as well.
ABRM: Adaptive $ \beta$-Ratio Modulation for Process-Tolerant Ultradynamic Voltage Scaling (2009)

Subthreshold operation of digital circuits has emerged as a promising approach to achieve ultralow power dissipation. However, extensive application of subthreshold logic is limited due to low performance and high susceptibility to process variation (PV). This paper proposes a PV-tolerant ultradynamic voltage scaling (UDVS) system where performance requirements dictate whether the devices will work in the subthreshold or superthreshold region. Due to different mechanisms of current conduction, it is necessary to use different <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P/N</i> ratios for different regions of operation to improve circuit robustness, performance, and power. With an analytical model of circuit robustness, we present an adaptive body-biasing technique to dynamically adjust the ß-ratio depending on the operating region. Measurements show that our methodology improves the dynamic range of operation the circuits-from 1.2 V all the way down to 85 mV consuming 40 nW (at 85 mV) of power for an 8 × 8 finite-impulse response filter fabricated in a 0.13-¿m technology, and can salvage circuits which otherwise would fail to operate due to device mismatches and skewed <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P/N</i> ratios.
Separable beamforming for 3-D synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging (2013)

Recently, there has been great interest in 3-D ultrasound imaging, but power constraints have precluded practical implementation of high-resolution 3-D ultrasound in handheld imaging platforms. In this paper, we propose a separable beamforming procedure for subaperture-based 3-D synthetic aperture ultrasound systems that drastically reduces computational (and hence power) requirements. Separable beamforming approximates 2-D array beamforming through a series of 1-D beamforming operations. Our proposed method is based on a separable delay decomposition method that minimizes phase error. We show that the proposed separable system achieves 19-fold complexity reduction while producing images with contrast-to-noise ratio comparable to that of non-separable systems. Furthermore, we propose an online iterative delay calculation method that substantially reduces storage requirements. We briefly describe how the separable beamformer can be implemented in the context of Sonic Millip3De, our recently proposed hardware accelerator for the diaital front-end of a 3-D ultrasound system.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA Gyrase as a Target for Drug Discovery (2007)

Bacterial DNA gyrase is an important target of antibacterial agents, including fluoroquinolones. In most bacterial species, fluoroquinolones inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and cause bacterial cell-death. Other naturally occurring bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors, such as novobiocin, are also known to be effective as antibacterial agents. DNA gyrase is an ATP-dependent enzyme that acts by creating a transient double-stranded DNA break. It is unique in catalyzing the negative supercoiling of DNA and is essential for efficient DNA replication, transcription, and recombination. DNA gyrase is a tetrameric A2B2 protein. The A subunit carries the breakage-reunion active site, whereas the B subunit promotes ATP hydrolysis. The M. tuberculosis genome analysis has identified a gyrB-gyrA contig in which gyrA and gyrB encode the A and B subunits, respectively. There is no evidence that M. tuberculosis has homologs of the topoisomerase IV, parC and parE genes, which are present in most other bacteria. Newer fluoroquinolones, including moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin, exhibit potent activity against M. tuberculosis, and show potential to shorten the duration for TB treatment. Resistance to fluoroquinolones remains uncommon in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase is thus a validated target for anti-tubercular drug discovery. Inhibitors of this enzyme are also active against non-replicating mycobacteria, which might be important for the eradication of persistent organisms. A novel inhibitor of M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase would be effective against multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB, and it could also be effective against fluoroquinolone-resistant M. tuberculosis.
Convergence in unconstrained discrete-time differential dynamic programming (1991)

The conditions under which the original differential dynamic programming (DDP) algorithm can be expected to converge are investigated and modifications in the algorithm to improve convergence properties are proposed. Quadratic convergence of DDP requires that the stagewise Hessian matrices computed in the algorithm be positive definite. Three procedures for modifying the stagewise Hessian matrices to guarantee convergence for situations in which the stagewise Hessian matrices are not positive definite are proposed. One of the procedures (an active shift) converges quadratically. The computational requirements for DDP with and without the shift procedures are presented, and the impact of the ratio of state variable dimension to control variable dimension on the relative efficiency of the different shift procedures is discussed. Numerical results for a series of problems, including one with 16 state variables and 200 time steps, are presented. The most robust shift procedure is an adaptive shift that utilizes a constant shift followed by an active shift.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interleukin-6 and the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor Are Major Independent Regulators of Granulopoiesis In Vivo But Are Not Required for Lineage Commitment or Terminal Differentiation (1997)

Multiple hematopoietic cytokines can stimulate granulopoiesis; however, their relative importance in vivo and mechanisms of action remain unclear. We recently reported that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR)-deficient mice have a severe quantitative defect in granulopoiesis despite which phenotypically normal neutrophils were still detected. These results confirmed a role for the G-CSFR as a major regulator of granulopoiesis in vivo, but also indicated that G-CSFR independent mechanisms of granulopoiesis must exist. To explore the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in granulopoiesis, we generated IL-6 x G-CSFR doubly deficient mice. The additional loss of IL-6 significantly worsened the neutropenia present in young adult G-CSFR-deficient mice; moreover, exogenous IL-6 stimulated granulopoiesis in vivo in the absence of G-CSFR signals. Near normal numbers of myeloid progenitors were detected in the bone marrow of IL-6 x G-CSFR-deficient mice and their ability to terminally differentiate into mature neutrophils was observed. These results indicate that IL-6 is an independent regulator of granulopoiesis in vivo and show that neither G-CSFR or IL-6 signals are required for the commitment of multipotential progenitors to the myeloid lineage or for their terminal differentiation.
Modular Integration Through Aspects: Making Cents of Legacy Systems (2007)

Recently, Continua Health Alliance has brought together a powerhouse team, including Cisco, IBM, Motorola and others, for personal telehealth products and services. This team can provide commodity interoperable healthcare devices and services by introducing new connectivity standards for health management tools. But the costs of integrating and configuring disparate system services have proven to be prohibitive in this domain- healthcare processes require extreme agility to assimilate information across traditional boundaries. As a result, these tools must work effectively with dynamic business processes that often elude cost-effective integration themselves. This creates a requirement for software to be fluidly configurable and interoperable in order to best support personalized care with truly integrated solutions. We believe that, without a new technology for the seamless integration of features within healthcare devices, costs associated with attempts to fuse IT with dynamic business processes can continue to be an obstacle in modern patient care. Aspect-oriented software development (AOSD) is focused on novel notions of modularity that crosscut traditional abstraction boundaries. AOSD techniques and tools, applied at all stages of the software lifecycle, are changing the way software is developed in a wide spectrum of application domains, ranging from embedded systems to enterprise IT. This paper outlines the ways in which aspects could aid the integration and evolution of software used to support modern healthcare practices across this spectrum, with examples at each stage. We believe the key principle of AOSD - the modularization of crosscutting concerns - to be an integral part of the solution to the challenges currently facing modern health service infrastructures
Spectral Profiles of Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms Are Different in Longstanding and Acute Onset Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Electrogram Spectra (2012)

The MPS and ADF measurements introduced in this study are probably superior to DF for discerning power spectral differences in paroxysmal versus longstanding CFAE. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 971-979, September 2012).
Requirements Elicitation Techniques: Analyzing the Gap between Technology Availability and Technology Use (2003)

Many software development projects fail because the resulting software does not satisfy user needs. The process of determining user needs is generally termed requirements elicitation. Although there are many possible reasons for software failures, if analysts practiced more effective requirements elicitation, fewer projects would fail. Although hundreds of requirements elicitation techniques have been developed by researchers to aid analysts in effectively determining user needs, few have ever been used by practitioners. This paper reports on research to study the nature of the gap between requirements elicitation technique availability and use, identifies the major factors that impact the transfer of elicitation techniques to practice, and explores how to improve the transfer of elicitation techniques from research to practice.
Aerosol Therapy for Malignancy Involving the Lungs (2003)

The lungs are common sites of involvement by primary and metastatic malignant disease. Patients with malignancies in the lung have limited treatment options and are usually not curable. Numerous investigators have studied the potential of delivering various therapeutic agents directly to the lungs and pulmonary lymphatics by nebulization. Most of the research involves the use of immunomodulatory strategies; a few aerosol studies of chemotherapy and gene therapy have also been conducted. Most of these studies have been conducted in animal models. A few human trials have also been completed. Results suggest that aerosol therapies have the potential to shrink pulmonary metastases of selected histologies, and that survival in selected patients with metastatic renal cell cancer may be prolonged. The approach to therapy of cancer in the lungs holds promise as a means to avoid systemic toxicity and obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Research is currently underway to address issues of local versus systemic toxicity, optimal drug delivery and selection of optimal drugs and schedules including outpatient aerosol therapy. Future issues in design of aerosol cancer treatment include identifying effective combinations of agents, schedules, and use of aerosol therapy at home as adjuvant therapy.
Modeling and computation of the overall magnetic properties of magnetorheological fluids (2002)

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids constitute examples of controllable ("smart") fluids, whose rheological properties vary in response to an applied magnetic field. These fluids typically consist of micron-sized, magnetizable particles dispersed in an insulating medium. The essential characteristic of MR fluids is that they may be continuously and reversibly varied from a state of free flowing liquids in the absence of an applied magnetic field to that of stiff semi-solids in a moderate field. The highly nonlinear and oscillatory nature of the magnetization of their constituents provides a challenge for the prediction of the overall magnetic response of MR composites. In this paper we initiate a study of the effective permeability of these materials by appealing to the mathematical theory of homogenization. Within this framework, we consider suspensions that display both linear as well as nonlinear magnetic behavior. For these, we derive analytic formulas for their effective permeabilities. In the case of linear materials comparisons are made with the asymptotic Rayleigh-Maxwell expressions.
Age-related changes in proteoglycans of human intervertebral discs. (1994)

The age-related changes in glycosaminoglycan composition of human intervertebral discs were studied. A large number of tissue samples taken from 301 individuals at autopsy or at operation of prolapsed discs were investigated. It was found that the aging process is accompanied by a progressive decrease in GAGs content, both in annulus fibrosus and in nucleus pulposus. The GAG: collagen ratio significantly decreases. The KS and Ch-6-S were found to be the most abundant GAGs in both parts of the disc and their amounts decrease during the aging. A distinct, age-related increase of KS/Ch-S and Ch-6-S/Ch-4-S ratios was observed. Significant quantitative differences between the GAGs contents in normal and prolapsed discs were found. The nuclei pulposi of prolapsed discs contained less GAGs, especially KS and Ch-6-S, in comparison to normal tissue of the same age. Also, the age-related decline of GAGs: collagen ratio is more distinct in prolapsed discs. It seems that these differences in GAGs composition may be important in the mechanism of predisposition to disc prolapse.
Reaction of oxophosphorane-sulphenyl and -selenenyl chlorides with dialkyl trimethylsilyl phosphites. Novel synthesis of compounds containing a sulphur or selenium bridge between two phosphoryl centres (1988)

A novel highly efficient synthesis of sym-tetra-alkyl monothio- and monoseleno-pyrophosphates (RO)2P(O)XP(O)(OR′)2(X = S,Se) based on the condensation of dialkoxyoxophosphorane-sulphenyl or -selenenyl chlorides (RO)2P(O)XCl (X = S,Se) with dialkyl trimethylsilyl phosphites (RO)2POSiMe3(9) is described. Remarkably selective reaction of a O,O′-dialkyl O″-trimethylsilyl selenophosphate (RO)2P(Se)OSiMe3(13) with sulphuryl dichloride in the presence of an equimolar amount of a phosphite (9) leads to the formation of sym-monoselenopyrophosphates in excellent yield. A new rearrangement in phosphorus chemistry, sym-monoselenopyraphosphates (11) to asym-monoselenopyrophosphates (12), has been observed.