gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical and Genetic Evaluation of Deoxycytidine Kinase in Pancreatic Cancer: Relationship to Molecular Mechanisms of Gemcitabine Resistance and Survival (2006)

Gemcitabine is considered the standard first-line therapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. More recent strategies have focused on improving the efficacy of gemcitabine by either improving the method of delivery or by combining gemcitabine with other non-cross-resistant chemotherapy agents or with small-molecule drugs. However, the clinical benefits, response rates, and duration of responses have been modest. Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the metabolism of gemcitabine. The expression of dCK has been postulated to be correlative of gemcitabine resistance. We determined the relationship of dCK immunohistochemical protein expression and/or genetic status of dCK in a panel of human pancreatic cancer tissues and pancreatic cancer cell lines and determined the relationship of these variables to the clinical outcome of patients treated with gemcitabine. We report that dCK protein expression is expressed in the majority of pancreatic cancers analyzed (40 of 44 cases, 91%) and showed a range of labeling intensities ranging from 1+ (labeling weaker in intensity than normal lymphocytes present in same section) to 3+ (labeling greater in intensity than normal lymphocytes present in same section). When labeling intensity was compared with survival, low dCK expression (1+ labeling) was correlated with both overall survival (P < 0.009) and progression-free survival following gemcitabine treatment (P < 0.04). Low dCK labeling intensity was also significantly correlated with patient age (70.3 +/- 8.1 versus 59.8 +/- 7.4 years; P < 0.0006), suggesting that age-related methylation of the dCK gene may account in part for the observed differences. Sequencing of the entire dCK coding sequence in 17 cell lines and 9 patients' cancer tissues with disease progression while on gemcitabine did not identify any mutations, suggesting that genetic alterations of dCK are not a common mechanism of resistance to gemcitabine for this tumor type. Moreover, dCK labeling showed similar patterns and intensities of labeling among matched pretreatment and post-treatment tissues. In summary, pretreatment levels of dCK protein are most correlated with overall survival following gemcitabine treatment and are stable even after resistance to gemcitabine is clinically documented.
FieldWorker Advanced 2.3.5 and FieldWorker Pro 0.91 GPS software (1997)

Until quite recently, field data recording directly into a hand-held computer has been a minority practice in archaeology. This is equally true of many other field-based disciplines and professions. Often there has been a very small number of enthusiastic individuals who have successfully used hand-held machines since they first became available. The majority have looked on, some making encouraging or even envious noises, but few have been tempted to follow the pioneers' lead. Most have tended to regard the available systems as too limited, too delicate or too expensive for their needs. One area of field recording where hand-held computers have become established is automated data logging. Many archaeologists will have encountered direct data logging programs used with geophysical instruments, electronic theodolites or GPS survey equipment. Most are designed to work with, at best, a limited range of instruments, and many run only on a specialised hand-held computer, often one supplied with the instrument. When such software is available for more general purpose machines, it is often produced only for laptops running DOS or Windows, although the Psion hand-held range has established a small presence in this area.
Agonist-dependent phosphorylation of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor by the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase. (1987)

Desensitization of the beta-adrenergic receptor, a receptor which is coupled to the stimulation of adenylate cyclase, may be regulated via phosphorylation by a unique protein kinase. This recently discovered enzyme, known as the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase, only phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic receptor. To assess whether receptors coupled to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase might also be substrates, we examined the effects of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase on the partially purified human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptor. Phosphorylation of the reconstituted alpha 2-adrenergic receptor was dependent on agonist occupancy and was completely blocked by coincubation with alpha 2-antagonists. The time course of phosphorylation of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor was virtually identical to that observed with the beta-adrenergic receptor with maximum stoichiometries of 7-8 mol of phosphate/mol of receptor in each case. In contrast, the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor, which is coupled to stimulation of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis, is not a substrate for the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase. These results suggest that receptors coupled to either stimulation or inhibition of adenylate cyclase may be regulated by an agonist-dependent phosphorylation mediated by the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase.
Chimpanzee oil‐palm use in southern Cantanhez National Park, Guinea‐Bissau (2011)

Cantanhez National Park in southern Guinea-Bissau is a mosaic of forest, mangrove, savanna, and agricultural fields, with a high prevalence of oil-palm trees (Elaeis guineensis). It hosts many different animal species, including the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus). Very little is known about the ecology of chimpanzees inhabiting this area. The main aims of this study were to evaluate chimpanzee nesting behavior, define trends of habitat use, and estimate chimpanzee density in four separate forests by applying the marked nest counts methodology. From the 287 new nests counted, 92% were built in oil-palm trees with a significantly higher frequency of nests in the forest edge than in forest cores. Differences in nest detection rates were observed in the four monitored forests, with two forests being more important for chimpanzee's nesting demands. The number of nests documented in the forests seemed to be correlated with the frequency of other signs of chimpanzee activity. Although chimpanzees selected nests on the forest edge, they were most frequently observed in forest core areas. Constraints associated with estimating chimpanzee density through oil-palm nest counting are discussed.
TexturePose: Supervising Human Mesh Estimation With Texture Consistency (2019)

This work addresses the problem of model-based human pose estimation. Recent approaches have made significant progress towards regressing the parameters of parametric human body models directly from images. Because of the absence of images with 3D shape ground truth, relevant approaches rely on 2D annotations or sophisticated architecture designs. In this work, we advocate that there are more cues we can leverage, which are available for free in natural images, i.e., without getting more annotations, or modifying the network architecture. We propose a natural form of supervision, that capitalizes on the appearance constancy of a person among different frames (or viewpoints). This seemingly insignificant and often overlooked cue goes a long way for model-based pose estimation. The parametric model we employ allows us to compute a texture map for each frame. Assuming that the texture of the person does not change dramatically between frames, we can apply a novel texture consistency loss, which enforces that each point in the texture map has the same texture value across all frames. Since the texture is transferred in this common texture map space, no camera motion computation is necessary, or even an assumption of smoothness among frames. This makes our proposed supervision applicable in a variety of settings, ranging from monocular video, to multi-view images. We benchmark our approach against strong baselines that require the same or even more annotations that we do and we consistently outperform them. Simultaneously, we achieve state-of-the-art results among model-based pose estimation approaches in different benchmarks. The project website with videos, results, and code can be found at https://seas.upenn.edu/~pavlakos/projects/texturepose.
Erratum: High resistance mode in a modified Penning Discharge [J. Appl. Phys. <b>5</b> <b>2</b>, 5489 (1981)] (1983)

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Perceptual grouping of musical sounds: A computational model (1994)

Abstract There is substantial recent evidence that the mixture of sounds reaching the ears is subjected to an analysis by early auditory processes, in which acoustic components with common properties are grouped into a single percept. Since most music consists of a mixture of sounds, it might be expected that early auditory processing also mediates the perception of musical sounds. In this article, we present a computational model of some aspects of auditory processing, and investigate the grouping of musical sounds using the model. In particular, a scheme is developed for grouping sounds across time according to their timbres, as represented within a two‐dimensional space of “brightness” and onset asynchrony.
3‐Epi‐digitoxigenin. Glykoside und Aglykone. 111. Mitteilung (1953)

Abstract Die Reduktion von Digitoxigenon (IV) mit NaBH 4 liefert 3‐Epidigitoxigenin (V) in 75‐proz. Ausbeute. V wurde durch das Acetat VI und das Formiat VII charakterisiert. VI und VII werden durch 1‐proz. methanolische HCl bei 20° vollständig hydrolisiert, während Digitoxigenin‐acetat (II) dabei unverändert bleibt. 3‐Epi‐digitoxigenin (V) zeigte an der Katze keine digitalisartige Wirkung.
On undetectable faults in partial scan circuits using transparent-scan (2004)

We study the undetectable faults in partial scan circuits under a test application scheme referred to as transparent-scan. The transparent-scan approach allows very aggressive test compaction compared to other approaches. We demonstrate that, unlike other approaches that provide high levels of test compaction for partial scan circuits, this approach does not increase the number of undetectable faults. We also discuss the monotonicity of the number of undetectable faults with increased levels of scan.
Rapid estimation of microbial numbers in water using bulk fluorescence (2006)

Enumeration of microbial cells without culturing is an essential technique for microbial ecology and water quality evaluation. Here we show that bulk fluorescence using the SYBR Gold DNA stain can be used to rapidly quantify microbial cells per millilitre in fresh, marine and estuarine waters. The bulk fluorescence method is comparable to estimating cell concentrations in cultures using optical density; however, this enhanced method enables the user to estimate microbial numbers at lower concentration (> 10(5) cells ml(-1)) found in environmental samples. The technique worked in both single-cell and 96-well plate fluorescent spectrophotometers. Differences of approximately 10(5) cells per millilitre were discernible and the precision of the bulk fluorescence was higher than direct counting by epifluorescent microscopy. Treatment with DNase I increased sensitivity by lowering background noise attributed to free DNA. This technique is simple, rapid, inexpensive and adaptable for automatically estimating microbial numbers in water samples.
Lacto-N-fucopentaose III, a Pentasaccharide, Prolongs Heart Transplant Survival (2010)

LNFPIII prolongs fully allogeneic graft survival in both vascularized and nonvascularized allograft transplantation models. The mechanism of graft prolongation seems to involve both alternatively activated PDL-1 macrophages and recruitment of Foxp3+ Treg cells.
Prolongation of Tetracaine Spinal Anesthesia by Oral Clonidine (1992)

The effects of oral clonidine on the duration of isobaric tetracaine spinal anesthesia were studied in 30 patients undergoing urologic procedures. All patients received 15 mg of tetracaine intrathecally in isobaric saline solution. Group 1 (n = 10) received 0.25 mg of oral triazolam; group 2 (n = 10) received 0.15 mg of oral clonidine; and group 3 (n = 10) received 0.25 mg of oral triazolam and 0.75 mg of intrathecal phenylephrine. In group 1, the times for two- and four-segment regression of the level of analgesia to pin-prick were 80 +/- 17 and 123 +/- 22 min, respectively (mean +/- SD). The corresponding values of those measurements were 170 +/- 27 and 273 +/- 48 min in group 2 and 175 +/- 34 and 273 +/- 68 min in group 3. All the regression times in groups 2 and 3 were significantly longer than those in group 1. Regression times were not different between groups 2 and 3. The authors conclude that prolongation of tetracaine sensory analgesia may be produced by premedication with 0.15 mg of oral clonidine. The prolongation is similar to that produced by intrathecal phenylephrine.
Manual Materials Handling (1992)

1. The Materials Handling Problem 2. Variables in Manual Materials Handling 3. Design Criteria 4. Lifting and Lowering Activity Data Bases 5. Pushing,Pulling,Carrying and Holding Data Bases 6. Job Design/Redesign and Screening Procedure 7. Pre-employment Strength Testing 8. Training and Manual Handling 9. Determination of Rest Allowances
Biomaterials' Mechanical Properties (1994)

Description Important to both biomaterials and biomechanical engineers are the philosophical and conceptual developments needed to standardize the mechanical test methods of biomaterials and tissue materials. This publication presents these issues within the context of: a review of test methods; an identification of new testing techniques; and the promotion of an interchange between manufacturers, basic scientists and clinicians. 24 peer-reviewed papers.
Androgen receptor expression is significantly associated with better outcomes in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. (2011)

Abstract Background The objective of the study was to evaluate the implications of androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancers. Patients and methods We investigated immunohistochemical AR expression from the tissue microarrays of 931 patients between 1999 and 2005, and analyzed demographics and outcomes using uni-/multivariate analyses. Tumors with ≥10% nuclear-stained cells were considered positive for AR. Results AR was expressed in 58.1% of patients. AR was significantly related to older age at diagnosis, smaller size, well-differentiated tumors, higher positivity of hormone receptors, non-triple-negative breast cancers (non-TNBCs), and lower proliferative index. In estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors, AR was distinctively associated with human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) overexpression. With a mean follow-up of 72.7 months, AR was positively related to survival in ER-positive but not in ER-negative tumors. In Cox’s models, AR was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival in ER-positive cancers. Interestingly, molecular apocrine tumors (ER negative and AR positive) with HER2 positive status showed trends of poorer outcome, but AR had no impact on survival in patients with TNBC. Conclusions AR is significantly associated with favorable features in breast cancers and related to better outcomes in ER-positive not in ER-negative tumors. These results suggest that AR could be an additional marker for endocrine responsiveness in ER-positive cancers and a candidate for therapeutic targeting of ER-negative tumors.
Recent Advances in Developing High Performance Isotropic Conductive Adhesives (2008)

Recently, significant advances have been made to improve isotropic conductive adhesive (ICA) technology. This paper provides an overview of research achievements in both electrical and mechanical aspects including electrical conductivity improvement, contact resistance mechanism elucidation and approaches to stabilize the contact resistance, and mechanical impact performance enhancement.
Micromodules (1973)

The purpose of the Micromodules project is to greatly reduce the amount of effort expended on logic design, fabrication and debug for small quantity developments. Secondly, with this modular approach, a quick reaction capability is sought that would allow a large reduction in the time interval between system specification and the delivery of the finished product. Finally, by simultaneously simplifying and speeding up the development process, we aim to improve the practicability of implementing more complex equipments.
Coded orthogonal frequency division multiplex [TV broadcasting] (1995)

Technological evolution and the ever-increasing demand for higher-quality services give broadcasters a strong incentive to completely digitize their broadcasting networks. This digitization, which is already well advanced in many program production areas and transmission links, now has to be extended to complete the last link in the broadcast chain; i.e., from broadcast transmitter to consumer receivers. It is therefore necessary to develop wholly new techniques for the broadcasting of digitally coded TV programmes. Thus an efficient baseband digital coding must be combined with a robust digital modulation and channel coding scheme that can meet the requirements of every mode of broadcast reception. This article presents the research work related to the coded orthogonal frequency division multiplex (COFDM) technology, which has now been completed in the field of digital radio (DAB), and which is under progress in the field of digital terrestrial TV.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simulating Distal Radius Fracture Strength Using Biomechanical Tests: A Modeling Study Examining the Influence of Boundary Conditions (2011)

Distal radius fracture strength has been quantified using in vitro biomechanical testing. These tests are frequently performed using one of two methods: (1) load is applied directly to the embedded isolated radius or (2) load is applied through the hand with the wrist joint intact. Fracture loads established using the isolated radius method are consistently 1.5 to 3 times greater than those for the intact wrist method. To address this discrepancy, a validated finite element modeling procedure was used to predict distal radius fracture strength for 22 female forearms under boundary conditions simulating the isolated radius and intact wrist method. Predicted fracture strength was highly correlated between methods (r = 0.94; p < 0.001); however, intact wrist simulations were characterized by significantly reduced cortical shell load carriage and increased stress and strain concentrations. These changes resulted in fracture strength values less than half those predicted for the isolated radius simulations (2274 ± 824 N for isolated radius, 1124 ± 375 N for intact wrist; p < 0.001). The isolated radius method underestimated the mechanical importance of the trabecular compartment compared to the more physiologically relevant intact wrist scenario. These differences should be borne in mind when interpreting the physiologic importance of mechanical testing and simulation results.
Interferometric mapping of material properties using thermal perturbation (2018)

Optical phase changes induced by transient perturbations provide a sensitive measure of material properties. We demonstrate the high sensitivity and speed of such methods, using two interferometric techniques: quantitative phase imaging (QPI) in transmission and phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (OCT) in reflection. Shot-noise-limited QPI can resolve energy deposition of about 3.4 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> in a single pulse, which corresponds to 0.8 °C temperature rise in a single cell. OCT can detect deposition of 24 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> energy between two scattering interfaces producing signals with about 30-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and 4.7 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> when SNR is 45 dB. Both techniques can image thermal changes within the thermal confinement time, which enables accurate single-shot mapping of absorption coefficients even in highly scattering samples, as well as electrical conductivity and many other material properties in biological samples at cellular scale. Integration of the phase changes along the beam path helps increase sensitivity, and the signal relaxation time reveals the size of hidden objects. These methods may enable multiple applications, ranging from temperature-controlled retinal laser therapy or gene expression to mapping electric current density and characterization of semiconductor devices with rapid pump-probe measurements.
Dissolution Studies of Human Enamel Treated with Aluminum Solutions (1985)

Dissolution tests using human enamel were conducted after treatment with aqueous solutions of various aluminum (Al) salts. All Al compounds, except those which formed stable Al-complexes, greatly decreased enamel dissolution in a pH 4 acetate buffer. A comparison with fluoride compounds demonstrated that Al was equivalent to SnF2 and more effective than NaF and Na2PO3F. Furthermore, the reduction in enamel dissolution produced by Al persisted after more than three hr of successive demineralization, which was twice as long as that observed with a pH 4.5 SnF2 solution.
A simple, low-cost, and rapid device for a DNA methylation-specific amplification/detection system using a flexible plastic and silicon complex (2014)

Abnormal DNA methylation has been associated with the development and progression of several human cancers and is a potential target for treatment. Thus, myriad technologies for the analysis of DNA methylation have been developed over the past few decades. However, most of these technologies are still far from ideal because they are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and complex, and there is the risk of contamination of samples. Here, we present an innovative DNA methylation-specific amplification/detection device for analysis of DNA methylation in cancer-related DNA biomarkers. The assay is based on a microfluidic system that is coupled to a flexible plastic-based on-chip endonuclease digestion device with optimized magnetic field effect and a methylation-specific isothermal solid-phase amplification/detection technique to allow a low-cost, simple, and rapid analysis of DNA methylation status in a label-free and real-time manner. This flexible plastic/silicon-based microfluidic device is relatively simple to fabricate with a flexible thin film and a magnet array by using a laser machine that can overcome the limitations of a PDMS-based microfluidic device. We demonstrated the ability of the methylation analysis based on the proposed flexible device to detect the methylated RARβ gene, which is a common DNA methylation biomarker in several human cancers. The simple platform detected the methylated gene in genomic DNA from human cancer cell lines within 65 min, whereas other methods required at least several hours. Therefore, this simple, low-cost, and rapid methylation analysis platform will be useful for the detection of DNA methylation in point-of-care applications.
Group delay as an estimate of delay in logic (1991)

It is an accepted practice in signal delay estimation to model MOS digital circuits as RC circuits. In most cases Elmore's definition is exactly equivalent to the group delay of the network at zero frequency. A computationally efficient noniterative method to calculate this delay for networks with any linear elements and arbitrary topology is presented. It is shown that in RC networks under certain conditions, the Elmore delay and the 50% unit step response delay are related by a constant which is largely independent of the element values and topology. An efficient method to obtain sensitivities of the delay with respect to any element in the network is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>