gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of a C(K/R)TC motif as a common epitope present in all subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen (1996)

The a determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the most critical determinant for both diagnosis and immunoprophylaxis of the hepatitis B virus. We have used synthetic peptides and an anti-a mAb to identify a peptide sequence corresponding to amino acid residues 117 to 128 of HBsAg as an antigenic epitope contributing to the a determinant. Compared to the native protein HBsAg, the cyclic form of the peptide (aa 117-128) is only 20-fold less effective, whereas the linear form of the peptide is 160-fold less effective in the inhibition of mAb binding to HBsAg. Based on these results, we have postulated a previously unidentified disulfide bond between residue Cysl21 and Cysl24. Individual substitution of amino acids in the peptide (aa 117-128) with alanine identified three residues Cys121, Thr123, and Cys124 as the most critical residues for mAb recognition. Substitution of alanine for any one of the three residues caused a substantial loss in binding free energy (greater than 4.5 kcal/mol). Sequence analysis indicated that the C(K/R)TC motif is highly conserved among 100 subtypes and mutants of HBsAg isolates. Collectively, these results show that the cyclic C(K/R)TC motif is an essential part of the a determinant of HBsAg. Synthetic peptides containing the C(K/R)TC motif are potentially useful as alternative hepatitis B vaccines and as diagnostic reagents for the detection of the hepatitis B virus.
Skeletal muscle dysfunction in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes (2016)

The force deficit in db/db muscles was caused by atrophy and failure of neuromuscular signal transmission related to motor nerve axonal dysfunction. The slowed relaxation rate generally observed in diabetic muscles can, to a large extent, be explained by decreased SERCA pump content. Muscle Nerve 54: 460-468, 2016.
CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation over Oxide‐Supported PtCo Catalysts: The Role of the Oxide Support in Determining the Product Selectivity (2016)

By simply changing the oxide support, the selectivity of a metal-oxide catalysts can be tuned. For the CO2 hydrogenation over PtCo bimetallic catalysts supported on different reducible oxides (CeO2 , ZrO2 , and TiO2 ), replacing a TiO2 support by CeO2 or ZrO2 selectively strengthens the binding of C,O-bound and O-bound species at the PtCo-oxide interface, leading to a different product selectivity. These results reveal mechanistic insights into how the catalytic performance of metal-oxide catalysts can be fine-tuned.
<scp>A</scp> ntimicrobial peptides and gut microbiota in homeostasis and pathology (2013)

We survive because we adapted to a world of microorganisms. All our epithelial surfaces participate in keeping up an effective barrier against microbes while not initiating ongoing inflammatory processes and risking collateral damage to the host. Major players in this scenario are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Such broad-spectrum innate antibiotics are in part produced by specialized cells but also widely sourced from all epithelia as well as circulating inflammatory cells. AMPs belong to an ancient defense system found in all organisms and participated in a preservative co-evolution with a complex microbiome. Particularly interesting interactions between host barrier and microbiota can be found in the gut. The intestinal cell lining not only has to maintain a tightly regulated homeostasis during its high-throughput regeneration, but also a balanced relationship towards an extreme number of mutualistic or commensal inhabitants. Recent research suggests that advancing our understanding of the circumstances of such balanced and sometimes imbalanced interactions between gut microbiota and host AMPs should have therapeutic implications for different intestinal disorders.
Satellite digital radio - brings new image to broadcasting (2006)

This paper describes the system design concepts that enabled commercial satellite digital radio service using a hybrid architecture involving satellite and terrestrial broadcasts.
Sub-nanometer stable precision MEMS clamping mechanism maintaining clamp force unpowered for TEM application (2006)

A design is presented for a relatively large force (0.5 mN) high-precision MEMS clamping mechanism. The clamp is a part of a MEMS transmission electron microscope (TEM) sample manipulator, which needs to be fixed unpowered once positioned. The elastic deformation of the clamp suspension has been optimized in order to not influence the TEM sample manipulator position during clamping. The dimensions of the elastic elements have been further optimized for minimal elastic energy storage, minimizing the force needed for deformation and thus reducing the device area. Fabrication involves a back-etch release process, offering great design freedom, resulting in a compact design.
Low-Melting Dialkyl- and Bis(polyfluoroalkyl)-Substituted 1,1‘-Methylenebis(imidazolium) and 1,1‘-Methylenebis(1,2,4-triazolium) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amides:  Ionic Liquids Leading to Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) Complexes of Palladium (2005)

Ionic liquids with pincer dicationic nuclei, 2a−6a and 2b−6b, were prepared from either 1,1‘-methylenebis(imidazole) or 1,1‘-methylenebis(1,2,4-triazole) via quaternization with alkyl or polyfluoroalkyl halides under classical or microwave irradiation conditions. Palladium-catalyzed Heck cross-coupling reactions were performed successfully in the ionic liquid 3a. A single-crystal X-ray structure of a bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) complex of palladium (7) formed in the ionic liquid catalyst system supports its likelihood as the active catalyst.
Dietary triheptanoin rescues oligodendrocyte loss, dysmyelination and motor function in the nur7 mouse model of Canavan disease (2013)

The inherited pediatric leukodystrophy Canavan disease is characterized by dysmyelination and severe spongiform degeneration, and is currently refractory to treatment. A definitive understanding of core disease mechanisms is lacking, but pathology is believed to result at least in part compromised fatty acid synthesis during myelination. Recent evidence generated in an animal model suggests that the breakdown of N-acetylaspartate metabolism in CD results in a heightened coupling of fatty acid synthesis to oligodendrocyte oxidative metabolism during the early stages of myelination, thereby causing acute oxidative stress. We present here the results of a dietary intervention designed to support oxidative integrity during developmental myelination in the nur7 mouse model of Canavan disease. Provision of the odd carbon triglyceride triheptanoin to neonatal nur7 mice reduced oxidative stress, promoted long-term oligodendrocyte survival, and increased myelin in the brain. Improvements in oligodendrocyte survival and myelination were associated with a highly significant reduction in spongiform degeneration and improved motor function in triheptanoin treated mice. Initiation of triheptanoin treatment in older animals resulted in markedly more modest effects on these same pathological indices, indicating a window of therapeutic intervention that corresponds with developmental myelination. These results support the targeting of oxidative integrity at early stages of Canavan disease, and provide a foundation for the clinical development of a non-invasive dietary triheptanoin treatment regimen.
ZnO@ZIF-8: stabilization of quantum confined ZnO nanoparticles by a zinc methylimidazolate framework and their surface structural characterization probed by CO2 adsorption (2011)

The microporous and activated zeolitic imidazolate framework (Zn(MeIM)2; MeIM = imidazolate-2-methyl; ZIF-8) was loaded with the MOCVD precursor diethyl zinc [Zn(C2H5)2]. Exposure of ZIF-8 to the vapour of the volatile organometallic molecule resulted in the formation of the inclusion compound [Zn(C2H5)2]0.38@ZIF-8 revealing two precursor molecules per cavity. In a second step the obtained material was treated with oxygen (5 vol% in argon) at various temperatures (oxidative annealing) to achieve the composite material ZnO0.35@ZIF-8. The new material was characterized with powder XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis, solid state NMR, elemental analysis, N2 sorption measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. The data give evidence for the presence of nano-sized ZnO particles stabilized by ZIF-8 showing a blue-shift of the UV-vis absorption caused by quantum size effect (QSE). The surface structure and reactivity of embedded ZnO nanoparticles were characterized viacarbon dioxide adsorption at different temperatures monitored by ultra-high vacuum FTIR techniques. It was found that the surface of ZnO nanoparticles is dominated by polar O–ZnO and Zn–ZnO facets as well as by defect sites, which all exhibit high reactivity towards CO2 activation forming various adsorbed carbonate and chemisorbed CO2δ− species.
New diketopiperazines as vectors for peptide protection and brain delivery: Synthesis and biological evaluation (2016)

New strategies allowing the transfer of molecules, especially peptides, through the blood-brain barriers are a major pharmacological challenge for the treatment of brain diseases. The present study aims at evaluating in vivo the cerebral bioavailability of carrier systems, based on small and functionalizable 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) motifs. We studied 2 different cyclo(Lys-Lys) DKP scaffolds alone and a cyclo(Lys-Gly) DKP carrier bearing as peptide model, the tau protein hexapeptide VQIVYK sequence. The different carrier systems were synthesized and radiolabeled using one of the free domains. The stability, biodistribution, and ability to cross blood-brain barrier were investigated in vivo in mice for <sup>99m</sup> Tc-DKP scaffolds, <sup>99m</sup> Tc-HVQIVYK peptide alone, and <sup>99m</sup> Tc-DKP-VQIVYK. <sup>125</sup> I-labelled bovine serum albumin was used as negative control for brain uptake. Both radiolabeled DKPs scaffolds and <sup>99m</sup> Tc-DKP-VQIVYK showed a high stability, while peptide <sup>99m</sup> Tc-HVQIVYK alone was quickly degraded in vivo. The presence of <sup>99m</sup> Tc-DKPs scaffolds and <sup>99m</sup> Tc-DKP-VQIVYK was observed in the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces and to a lower extent in the brain parenchyma up to 45 minutes post-injection in mice. This work highlights the potentiality of DKP scaffolds as vectors to transport peptides into the brain by limiting proteolysis and favoring cerebral bioavailability.
AMP-activated protein kinase activator, HL156A reduces thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in mice and inhibits the activation of cultured hepatic stellate cells and macrophages (2016)

Cirrhosis, the end-stage of hepatic fibrosis, is not only life-threatening by itself, but also a causative factor of liver cancer. Despite efforts to develop treatment for liver fibrosis, there are no approved agents as anti-fibrotic drugs to date. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, HL156A. A mouse model of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis was used to examine the effect of HL156A in vivo. Mice received either TAA alone or a combination of TAA and HL156A intraperitoneally for a total duration of 6 weeks. Including HL156A during exposure to TAA significantly reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and production of the hepatic transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the activation of hepatic stellate cells and the capillarization of liver sinusoids were also diminished significantly by HL156A co-treatment. The anti-fibrotic effect of HL156A was further studied in vitro by using a rat hepatic stellate cell line, HSC-T6 cells. The induction of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by TGF-β1 treatment was reversed by HL156A, which was likely via the activation of AMPK. Moreover, HL156A showed anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages. Treatment with HL156A diminished LPS-induced activation of both Raw264.7 macrophage cells and primary cultured mouse macrophages. Taken together, these results imply that the AMPK activator HL156A inhibits hepatic fibrosis via multiple mechanisms and could be a potentially effective agent for fibrosis treatment.
Designing a Software-Defined Datacenter (2014)

A datacenter is a complex environment, which consists of network equipment, server hardware and storage systems. Traditionally these are managed by system administrators or infrastructure engineers, either manually or by scripting. Cloud computing has pushed this traditional model more into automation-based solutions. Servers and services are expected to be provisioned as fast as possible, usually within minutes.\nThis thesis examines how a datacenter can be designed to enable fast, reliable and scalable automation. It also has to provide certain high-availability and scalability features, such as virtual machine migration. A multi-vendor environment is expected, but all components must support centralized management. The infrastructure has to provide different APIs (Application Programming Interface) in all components of the datacenter. A datacenter which can be controlled by utilizing these APIs can be called as a softwaredefined datacenter.\nAn implementation of a software-defined datacenter is presented. The datacenter is based on VMware virtualization, Hewlett-Packard server hardware, NetApp storage with Hewlett-Packard and Cisco networking equipment. A virtualization environment was installed and configured by using features that helped mass-configuration. An orchestration tool was installed, which is the key building block for providing flexible automation workflows. An orchestration workflow was designed to provide customizable virtual machine provisioning, DNS configuration, storage allocation and network configuration.\nAdditional ideas for improvement are also introduced. These topics include environment upgrades and security patching, IPv6 deployment and automated configuration management. Configuration management is the next step in infrastructure automation, as it enables operating system configuration automation. It is dependent of the infrastructure automation, such as server provisioning, presented in this thesis.\nThe implementation proves that it is possible to build a software-defined datacenter with multi-vendor hardware. All components, however, must some how support automation or provide an API. The same implementation presented in this thesis could be achieved by different components by different vendors, including hardware and virtualization layer.
To save everything, click here: the folly of technological solutionism (2013)

A New York Times Notable Book of the Year In the very near future, smart technologies and big data will allow us to make large-scale and sophisticated interventions in politics, culture, and everyday life. Technology will allow us to solve problems in highly original ways and create new incentives to get more people to do the right thing. But how will such affect our society, once deeply political, moral, and irresolvable dilemmas are recast as uncontroversial and easily manageable matters of technological efficiency? What if some such problems are simply vices in disguise? What if some friction in communication is productive and some hypocrisy in politics necessary? The temptation of the digital age is to fix everything--from crime to corruption to pollution to obesity--by digitally quantifying, tracking, or gamifying behavior. But when we change the motivations for our moral, ethical, and civic behavior we may also change the very nature of that behavior. Technology, Evgeny Morozov proposes, can be a force for improvement--but only if we keep solutionism in check and learn to appreciate the imperfections of liberal democracy. Some of those imperfections are not accidental but by design. Arguing that we badly need a new, post-Internet way to debate the moral consequences of digital technologies, To Save Everything, Click Here warns against a world of seamless efficiency, where everyone is forced to wear Silicon Valley's digital straitjacket.
Natural Taxanes: Developments Since 1828 (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTNatural Taxanes: Developments Since 1828Yu-Fang Wang†, Qing-Wen Shi*†, Mei Dong‡, Hiromasa Kiyota*§, Yu-Cheng Gu∥†, and Bin Cong*‡View Author Information† School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China‡ Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China§ Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiya, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan∥ Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, U.K.E-mail: [email protected] (Q.W.S.); [email protected] (H.K.); [email protected] (B.C.).Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 12, 7652–7709Publication Date (Web):October 4, 2011Publication History Received16 May 2010Published online4 October 2011Published inissue 14 December 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100147uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100147ureview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7843Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antineoplastic agents,Chemical structure,Conformation,Molecular properties,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Oral availability of fluticasone propionate [letter] (1993)

Letters to the Editors 135 ischaemia in contrast to observations by Pulsinelli & Brierly [4] who found the hippocampal structures CAl and CA2 to be mainly damaged after 30 min forebrain ischaemia. The differences in distribution of neuronal lesions may reflect variations in ischaemic tolerance of brain sections depending on the duration of ischaemia and most likely the rat stem used. There were significant differences between control and treated animals regard- ing cortical and neocortical lesions (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). In another series of experiments we tried to evaluate whether preischaemic administration of the drug offered a more pronounced protection after 4 vessel occlusion. Statistical analysis (t-test for independent variables) of whole brain damage revealed that the test drug offered improved neuronal protection in the pre- ischaemic group compared with postischaemic administration. In a clinical setting this may be an interesting finding when trying to improve cerebral ischaemic tolerance e.g. during carotid endarterectomy where agents can be given before global or focal ischaemia.
Efficacy and safety of sarilumab monotherapy versus adalimumab monotherapy for the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (MONARCH): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group phase III trial (2016)

NCT02332590.
Oral absorption of hyaluronic acid and phospholipids complexes in rats (2007)

The method of film dispersion and sonication can prepare HA and PL complex, and PL can enhance the oral absorption of exogenous HA.
A Medium-Voltage Motor Drive With a Modular Multilevel PWM Inverter (2010)

This paper describes the control and operating performance of a modular multilevel PWM inverter for a transformerless medium-voltage motor drive. The inverter is prominent in the modular arm structure consisting of a cascaded stack of multiple bidirectional chopper-cells. The dominant ac-voltage fluctuation with the same frequency as the motor (inverter) frequency occurs across the dc capacitor of each chopper-cell. The magnitude of the voltage fluctuation is inversely proportional to the motor frequency. This paper achieves theoretical analysis on the voltage fluctuation, leading to system design. A downscaled model rated at 400 V and 15 kW is designed and built up to confirm the validity and effectiveness of the nine-level (17-level in line-to-line) PWM inverter for a medium-voltage motor drive.
More accurate systolic blood pressure measurement is required for improved hypertension management: a perspective (2017)

The commonly used techniques for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measurement are the auscultatory Korotkoff-based sphygmomanometry and oscillometry. The former technique is relatively accurate but is limited to a physician's office because its automatic variant is subject to noise artifacts. Consequently, the Korotkoff-based measurement overestimates the blood pressure in some patients due to white coat effect, and because it is a single measurement, it cannot properly represent the variable blood pressure. Automatic oscillometry can be used at home by the patient and is preferred even in clinics. However, the technique's accuracy is low and errors of 10-15 mmHg are common. Recently, we have developed an automatic technique for SBP measurement, based on an arm pressure cuff and a finger photoplethysmographic probe. The technique was found to be significantly more accurate than oscillometry, and comparable to the Korotkoff-based technique, the reference-standard for non-invasive blood pressure measurements. The measurement of SBP is a mainstay for the diagnosis and follow-up of hypertension, which is a major risk factor for several adverse events, mainly cardiovascular. Lowering blood pressure evidently reduces the risk, but excessive lowering can result in hypotension and consequently hypoperfusion to vital organs, since blood pressure is the driving force for blood flow. Erroneous measurement by 10 mmHg can lead to a similar unintended reduction of SBP and may adversely affect patients treated to an SBP of 120-130 mmHg. In particular, in elderly patients, unintended excessive reduction of blood pressure due to inaccurate SBP measurement can result in cerebral hypoperfusion and consequent cognitive decline. By using a more accurate technique for automatic SBP measurement (such as the photoplethysmographic-based technique), the optimal blood pressure target can be achieved with lower risk for hypotension and its adverse events.