gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1,1-Diethoxy-2-(trimethylsilyl)-1-sila-2-azacyclopentane (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,1-Diethoxy-2-(trimethylsilyl)-1-sila-2-azacyclopentaneTsu-Tzu Tsai and C. J. Marshall Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 11, 3676–3679Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01263a119Request reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (550 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glucose Uptake Kinetics and Transcription of HXTGenes in Chemostat Cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

The kinetics of glucose transport and the transcription of all 20 members of the <i>HXT</i> hexose transporter gene family were studied in relation to the steady state<i>in situ</i> carbon metabolism of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> CEN.PK113-7D grown in chemostat cultures. Cells were cultivated at a dilution rate of 0.10 h<sup>−1</sup> under various nutrient-limited conditions (anaerobically glucose- or nitrogen-limited or aerobically glucose-, galactose-, fructose-, ethanol-, or nitrogen-limited), or at dilution rates ranging between 0.05 and 0.38 h<sup>−1</sup> in aerobic glucose-limited cultures. Transcription of<i>HXT1–HXT7</i> was correlated with the extracellular glucose concentration in the cultures. Transcription of <i>GAL2</i>, encoding the galactose transporter, was only detected in galactose-limited cultures. <i>SNF3</i> and <i>RGT2</i>, two members of the <i>HXT</i> family that encode glucose sensors, were transcribed at low levels. <i>HXT8–HXT17</i> transcripts were detected at very low levels. A consistent relationship was observed between the expression of individual <i>HXT</i> genes and the glucose transport kinetics determined from zero-<i>trans</i>influx of <sup>14</sup>C-glucose during 5 s. This relationship was in broad agreement with the transport kinetics of Hxt1–Hxt7 and Gal2 deduced in previous studies on single-<i>HXT</i> strains. At lower dilution rates the glucose transport capacity estimated from zero-<i>trans</i> influx experiments and the residual glucose concentration exceeded the measured <i>in situ</i> glucose consumption rate. At high dilution rates, however, the estimated glucose transport capacity was too low to account for the <i>in situ</i> glucose consumption rate.
Molecular cloning of higher-plant 3-oxoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) reductase. Sequence identities with the <i>nodG</i>-gene product of the nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium <i>Rhizobium meliloti</i> (1992)

cDNA clones encoding the fatty-acid- biosynthetic enzyme NADPH-linked 3-oxoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) (ACP) reductase were isolated from a Brassica napus (rape) developing seed library and from an Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) leaf library. The N-terminal end of the coding region shows features typical of a stromal-targeting plastid-transit peptide. The deduced amino acid sequences have 41% and 55% identity respectively with the nodG-gene product of Rhizobium meliloti, one of the host-specific genes that restrict infectivity of this bacterium to a small range of host plants. The probability that the nodG-gene product is a oxoreductase strengthens the hypothesis that some of the host-specific nod-gene products are enzymes which synthesize polyketides that uniquely modify the Rhizobium nodulation signal molecule.
TWEAK/Fn14 system is a critical regulator of denervation‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy (2010)

Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs in a variety of clinical settings, including disuse atrophy and denervation. Inflammatory cytokines are important mediators of muscle‐wasting in settings such as cancer cachexia; however, their role in denervation remains unknown. We demonstrate the cytokine TWEAK mediates skeletal muscle atrophy in response to denervation. Transgenic expression of TWEAK induced atrophy, fibrosis, fiber‐type switching, and the degradation of muscle proteins. Conversely, genetic ablation of TWEAK decreased the loss of muscle proteins and spared fiber cross‐sectional area, muscle mass and strength after denervation. Expression of the TWEAK receptor Fn14 was significantly increased in muscle upon denervation, demonstrating an unexpected “inside‐out” signaling pathway leading to atrophy. TWEAK activates NF‐kappa B, causing an increase in the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1. This study reveals a novel mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy, and indicates that the TWEAK/Fn14 system is an important target for preventing skeletal muscle wasting. This work was supported by a National Institute of Health grant (RO1 AG129623) to AK.
High-temperature thermoelectric properties of (Zn1−<i>x</i>Al<i>x</i>)O (1996)

A mixed oxide (Zn1−xAlx)O exhibits promising thermoelectric properties attaining a dimensionless figure of merit ZT of 0.30 at 1000 °C, which value is much superior to other oxides and quite comparable to conventional state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials. The addition of a small amount of Al2O3 to ZnO results in a large power factor of 10–15×10−4 W/mK2, showing a marked increase in the electrical conductivity while retaining moderate thermoelectric power. A large product of the carrier mobility and density of states would be responsible for the favorable electrical properties of the present oxide. A figure of merit Z=0.24×10−3 K−1 is attained by (Zn0.98Al0.02)O at 1000 °C, even with a high thermal conductivity. A predominant proportion of the phonon thermal conductivity promises a further improvement in the thermoelectric performance by selective enhancement of phonon scattering.
High speed optical quantum random number generation (2010)

We present a fully integrated, ready-for-use quantum random number generator (QRNG) whose stochastic model is based on the randomness of detecting single photons in attenuated light. We show that often annoying deadtime effects associated with photomultiplier tubes (PMT) can be utilized to avoid postprocessing for bias or correlations. The random numbers directly delivered to a PC, generated at a rate of up to 50 Mbit/s, clearly pass all tests relevant for (physical) random number generators.
Focal adhesion sites and the removal of substratum-bound fibronectin. (1986)

Fibronectin was not removed from the substratum beneath focal adhesion sites when fibroblasts spread in serum-free medium on adsorbed fibronectin substrata, or when fibroblasts spread in serum-containing medium on covalently cross-linked fibronectin substrata. Under these conditions, there was colocalization between 140-kD fibronectin receptors and focal adhesion sites. It was concluded that removal of adsorbed fibronectin from beneath focal adhesion sites was a mechanical process that required serum. The effect of serum was nonspecific since serum could be replaced by equivalent concentrations of serum albumin, ovalbumin, or gamma globulins. Quantitative measurements indicated that the presence of proteins in the incubation medium weakens the interaction of fibronectin with the substratum, thereby allowing the adsorbed protein to be removed from the substratum at sites of high stress. After removing fibronectin from the substratum, cells reorganized this material into patches and fibrils beneath cells, and the reorganized fibronectin colocalized with fibronectin receptors. Some of the patches of fibronectin were phagocytosed. The fibronectin fibrils were observed to be in register with actin filament bundles and sometimes translocated to the upper cell surfaces. It is proposed that removal of fibronectin from beneath focal adhesion sites is an example of how cells can modify their extracellular matrices through contractile activity.
Novel strategies and technologies for the aseptic microencapsulation of pharmaceutical compounds (2005)

The development and production of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres for controlled parenteraldrug delivery faces two main hurdles in an industrial setting, namely the necessity of preparing a sterile particulate product and the challenge of scale-up of relatively complex processes.As PLGA is sensitive to heat (Tg 40C) and y-rays (radiolytic chain scission), PLGA microspheres cannot be terminally sterilised by heat and y-irradiation is detrimentalto the product quality.Therefore, manufacturing under aseptic GMP conditions is the method of choice.In this work we developed new methodolo- gies of emulsification and microsphereformation, which are particularly suited for aseptic processing and scaling-up.The novel processes were developed and assessed by microencapsulating bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a model protein drug, into PLGA and evaluating various process and formulation pa rameters.
A comparative study of Hamilton and overlap population methods for the analysis of chemical bonding (2000)

The utility of Hamilton population analysis—a partitioning of the electronic energy of a molecule—is investigated within a one-electron molecular orbital framework of the extended Hückel type. The classical Mulliken overlap population description of the valence electron density in terms of one- and two-center “atom” and “bond” contributions, respectively, provides the starting point for the development of an atom-bond energy partitioning scheme. Within an extended Hückel framework simple analytic relations exist between Hamilton populations and Mulliken overlap populations, permitting a step-by-step comparative study of the techniques. The formalism developed for population analysis of two-orbital interactions is tested by performing Hamilton and overlap population analyses of chemical bonding in the isoelectronic series of main group fluorides BrF5, [TeF5]−, [SbF5]2− and the tetrahedral P4 cluster. These molecules were specifically chosen to illustrate the circumstances under which Hamilton and overlap population descriptions of chemical bonding will differ and when they will qualitatively agree. Differences come to the fore when atoms of quite different electronegativity interact, or even in a homonuclear system with disparate atomic basis orbital energies. The significant atomic electronegativity differences in the fluorides result in substantive differences between Hamilton and overlap population descriptions of bonding in these compounds. In contrast the small s–p energy separation in phosphorus results in qualitatively similar Hamilton and overlap population descriptions of P–P bonding in P4. We argue that Hamilton population analysis, by explicitly including reference to the energies of the individual orbitals, affords a more reliable analysis of orbital interactions in molecules.
Effect of Basic Additives on Pt/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>for CO and Propylene Oxidation under Oxygen-Deficient Conditions (1997)

Pt catalysts supported on Al2O3, CeO2/Al2O3, Na2O/Al2O3, and K2O/Al2O3 were prepared and characterized with respect to surface area, CO chemisorption, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO2, and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) of H2. The effects of basic additives on Pt/Al2O3 for carbon monoxide and propylene oxidation were investigated. The reactions were performed under the stoichiometric and oxygen-deficient conditions. The addition of basic additives slightly decreases the surface area of the catalyst and does not significantly change Pt dispersion. The addition of basic additives also influences the reducibility of Pt/Al2O3. The basicity of the catalyst is in the order Pt−K2O/Al2O3 > Pt−Na2O/Al2O3 > Pt−CeO2/Al2O3 > Pt/Al2O3. The promoted Pt/Al2O3 catalysts are much more active than the unpromoted one for CO and C3H6 oxidation under the stoichiometric point. Under oxygen-deficient conditions and in the absence of water, C3H6 conversions on all catalysts studied herein increase with increasing reaction temperature. Nevertheless, this phenomenon contrasts with CO conversion once oxygen is completely reacted. Pt/Al2O3 exhibits the highest C3H6 conversion and the lowest CO conversion among these catalysts, and the addition of CeO2, Na2O, and K2O on Pt/Al2O3 can promote the CO conversion. Under oxygen-deficient conditions and in the presence of water, the water−gas shift and steam re-forming reactions can take place and result in increases of CO and C3H6 conversions. Pt/Al2O3 is the most active catalyst for the steam re-forming reaction and the lowest active catalyst for the water−gas shift reaction among these catalysts. Nevertheless, the addition of basic additives on Pt/Al2O3 catalyst can significantly enhance the water−gas shift reaction that can reduce CO emission. The promotional effect is in the order K2O > Na2O > CeO2, that is the same order as the basicity of the promoted catalysts. Additionally, K2O could be a promising additive to a catalytic converter of a two-stroke motorcycle since it can significantly enhance CO conversion.
Influence of Serum and Calcium on the Bactericidal Activity of Gentamicin and Carbenicillin on <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1972)

Because calcium was found to be antagonistic in vitro to the activity of colistin and polymyxin B on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the effects of calcium and serum on gentamicin and carbenicillin were also examined. Serum was antagonistic to gentamicin in antibiotic tube dilution tests on five strains of P. aeruginosa. Serum was not antagonistic to carbenicillin in tube dilution tests. Physiologic concentrations of calcium antagonized the activity of gentamicin but not carbenicillin. The antagonism observed with gentamicin was less than that previously seen with colistin. The antagonistic effect of calcium and serum was removed by a chelating agent. Gentamicin and carbenicillin may be more active in vivo against P. aeruginosa than colistin or polymyxin B.
CMOS pulse-modulation circuit implementation of phase-locked loop neural networks (2008)

In this paper, we have applied the pulse-modulation circuit technique to implement phase-locked loop (PLL) neural networks proposed by Hoppensteadt and Izhikevich. The PLL neural network is an oscillatory neural network as a model of associative memory, and it is represented as coupled phase oscillators with periodic phase variables and periodic nonlinear interactions. In our circuit implementation, the phase variables and their summation and subtraction are represented by pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals. The interactions are realized by using nonlinear current waveform sampled with pulse-phase modulation (PPM) signals converted from the PWM signals. We have designed an element circuit and simulated two coupled such circuits with SPICE using the TSMC 0.25 μm device parameters. The results demonstrate that the element circuits synchronized with in- and anti-phase depending on coupling strength at different operation frequencies. The element circuit has an advantage in extracting phase difference between the circuits. This will facilitate implementing of learning by arbitrary spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) rules using the phase difference.
A CMOS transmitter front-end with digital power control for WiMAX 802.16e applications (2006)

A 5.8 GHz transmitter front-end comprising a quadrature modulator, a variable gain amplifier and an on-chip output balun in CMOS 0.18-/spl mu/m technology is presented. The quadrature modulator adopts cross-coupled type micro-mixer, and the measured 3rd-order rejection is 32 dB under input voltage swing of 250 mVpp. With four-bit control words, a 16-step linear-in-dB output power is realized to achieve a dynamic range of 27 dB. A single-ended type output is accomplished by an on-chip 3:1 transformer and the output matching network is therefore simplified.
Integrating Temporal Difference Methods and Self-Organizing Neural Networks for Reinforcement Learning With Delayed Evaluative Feedback (2008)

This paper presents a neural architecture for learning category nodes encoding mappings across multimodal patterns involving sensory inputs, actions, and rewards. By integrating adaptive resonance theory (ART) and temporal difference (TD) methods, the proposed neural model, called TD fusion architecture for learning, cognition, and navigation (TD-FALCON), enables an autonomous agent to adapt and function in a dynamic environment with immediate as well as delayed evaluative feedback (reinforcement) signals. TD-FALCON learns the value functions of the state-action space estimated through on-policy and off-policy TD learning methods, specifically state-action-reward-state-action (SARSA) and Q-learning. The learned value functions are then used to determine the optimal actions based on an action selection policy. We have developed TD-FALCON systems using various TD learning strategies and compared their performance in terms of task completion, learning speed, as well as time and space efficiency. Experiments based on a minefield navigation task have shown that TD-FALCON systems are able to learn effectively with both immediate and delayed reinforcement and achieve a stable performance in a pace much faster than those of standard gradient-descent-based reinforcement learning systems.
Dexamethasone prodrug treatment prevents nephritis in lupus‐prone (NZB × NZW)F1 mice without causing systemic side effects (2012)

Macromolecularization of GCs renders them nephrotropic. Protracted retention, subcellular processing, and activation of GC prodrugs by kidney cells would potentiate nephritis resolution, with a reduced risk of systemic toxicities.
Contactless Qualitative Series Resistance Imaging on Solar Cells (2012)

We present a qualitative method for series resistance imaging that generates lateral current flow in solar cells without electrical contacting. The applicability of the method is demonstrated on a multicrystalline silicon solar cell, and the results are briefly discussed with respect to lifetime artifacts and injection dependence of the series resistance distribution. The method overcomes one of the major drawbacks of state-of-the-art series resistance imaging methods, which require electrical contacting for current injection or extraction. It allows for all-contactless measurements, reduces the cell breakage rate, and simplifies the measurement setup and sample handling.
An online identification method for both stator-and rotor resistances of induction motors without rotational transducers (2000)

This paper describes an effective online method for identifying both stator and rotor resistances, which is useful in robust speed control of induction motors without rotational transducers. The identification method for stator resistance is derived from the steady-state equations of induction motor dynamics. On the other hand, the identification method for rotor resistance is based on the linearly perturbed equations of induction motor dynamics about the operating point. The identification method for both stator and rotor resistances uses only the information of stator currents and voltages. It can provide fairly good identification accuracy regardless of load conditions and be easily incorporated into any sensorless speed controller proposed in the prior literature. Some experimental results are presented to demonstrate the practical use of the identification method. A sensorless speed control system has been built for experimental work, in which all algorithms for identification and control are implemented on a digital signal processor. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method allows for high-precision speed control of commercially available induction motors without rotational transducers.
Specification-Based Intrusion Detection for Advanced Metering Infrastructures (2011)

It is critical to develop an effective way to monitor advanced metering infrastructures (AMI). To ensure the security and reliability of a modernized power grid, the current deployment of millions of smart meters requires the development of innovative situational awareness solutions to prevent compromised devices from impacting the stability of the grid and the reliability of the energy distribution infrastructure. To address this issue, we introduce a specification-based intrusion detection sensor that can be deployed in the field to identify security threats in real time. This sensor monitors the traffic among meters and access points at the network, transport, and application layers to ensure that devices are running in a secure state and their operations respect a specified security policy. It does this by implementing a set of constraints on transmissions made using the C12.22 standard protocol that ensure that all violations of the specified security policy will be detected. The soundness of these constraints was verified using a formal framework, and a prototype implementation of the sensor was evaluated with realistic AMI network traffic.
A DC-20 GHz modulated optical source at 1.3 mu m (1989)

Demonstrates the hybrid integration of a Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ amplitude modulator and a semiconductor laser with a coupling loss of 4.2 dB. This source can produce over 1 mW peak optical power and modulate the optical carrier at frequencies up to 20 GHz, free from the wavelength chirping effects seen on directly modulated lasers. Work is currently underway to improve the coupling efficiency and stability of the laser-lens-waveguide assembly.
Macroscopic Free‐Standing Hierarchical 3D Architectures Assembled from Silver Nanowires by Ice Templating (2014)

As macroscopic three dimensional (3D) architectures show increasing significance, much effort has been devoted to the hierarchical organization of 1D nanomaterials into serviceable macroscopic 3D assemblies. How to assemble 1D nanoscale building blocks into 3D hierarchical architectures is still a challenge. Herein we report a general strategy based on the use of ice as a template for assembling 1D nanostructures with high efficiency and good controllability. Free-standing macroscopic 3D Ag nanowire (AgNW) assemblies with hierarchical binary-network architectures are then fabricated from a 1D AgNW suspension for the first time. The microstructure of this 3D AgNW network endows it with electrical conductivity and allows it to be made into stretchable and foldable conductors with high electromechanical stability. These properties should make this kind of macroscopic 3D AgNW architecture and it composites suitable for electronic applications.