gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towed array shape estimation using frequency-wavenumber data (1993)

Towed array beamforming algorithms require accurate array shape information in order to perform properly. Very often, these algorithms assume the array is linear. Unfortunately, the mechanical forces on the array due to ship motion and sea dynamics can change the shape of the array, which degrades the performance of the beamforming algorithm. A data-driven approach to estimating the relative shape of a nominally linear array is presented. The algorithm is robust in that it optimally combines information contained in a wide band of frequencies and source bearings. At the heart of the algorithm is a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation scheme. The Cramer-Rao lower bound is derived and compared to the performance of the ML estimator. The utility of the algorithm is verified using both simulated and actual towed array data experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Regulation of Inflammation: Novel Concept for Future Therapies in the Lung (2008)

Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs) appear to be important in the prevention of lung damage after acute and chronic inflammatory process; however the mechanisms in which these cells protect are unknown. Using an endotoxin‐induced Acute Lung Injury (ALI) model and a heterotopic trachea transplant model we demonstrate the ability of BMDMSC to regulate the immune response during acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases respectively. First, we administrated BMDMSC in endotoxin induced ALI model in mice and pigs. We observed that BMDMSC suppressed the upregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines preventing inflammation and edema in the lung. The clinical relevance of these studies is shown by the observed association between the ability to induce mobilization of bone marrow derived cells and the survival of patients with ALI. Second, we studied the effect of BMDSC administration during heterotopic trachea transplant as a model of chronic transplant rejection. Lung transplantation is a viable treatment option for end‐stage pulmonary diseases, but development of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), reduces survival, accounting for 30% of deaths after the third year. In this model of chronic inflammation, the systemic administration of BMDMSC prevents the development of OB. We were able to demonstrate the total inhibition of inflammation and fibrosis when the mice received a single dose of BMDMSC independent of the strain of mice from where the cells were obtained. To demonstrate the mechanism used by BMDMSC we realize co‐culture experiments and affimetrix analysis. These studies reveled that BMDMSC have the capacity to induce T‐regulatory cells and to produce soluble factors like TGFβ and sIL1‐R that mediate the suppression of the inflammatory immune response.
Silanes and Other Coupling Agents, Volume 3 (2004)

This volume chronicles the proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Silanes and Other Coupling Agents held under the aegis of MST Conferences, LLC in Orlando, FL, June 11-13, 2003.Silanes have been used for about half a century as coupling agents / adhesion promoters to promote adhesion between dissimilar materials in a variety of situa
Heavy Ozone Anomaly (1992)

The unexpectedly large abundances of isotopically heavy ozone observed in a variety of environments indicates that our understanding of how ozone is formed is incomplete and may involve significant participation of one or more low-lying metastable electronic states. A summary of the experimental observations of ozone isotopomers in the stratosphere and in laboratory studies is presented. It is argued that these data are inconsistent with the standard picture of recombination reactions, and an alternative symmetry-selective mechanism which involves multiple electronic states is proposed. Recent progress in theoretical and experimental determinations of the energies of candidate states indicates that the 3B2 state, and to a lesser extent the 3A2, may be involved.
Natural serum bactericidal activity against <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> isolates from disseminated, locally invasive, and uncomplicated disease. (1980)

Abstract Fresh frozen sera obtained from 10 normal human volunteers were each repetitively tested in a bactericidal assay against different strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from patients in Boston with disseminated infection (DGI), and women with uncomplicated infection (UC) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). DGI strains isolated from patients with only dermatitis and arthralgia (DA) were significantly more serum resistant than either UC or PID strains. DGI patients with suppurative arthritis (SA), however, more consistently developed bactericidal antibodies (measured in their whole sera against the homologous infecting strain) in convalescence (91%) than patients with only dermatitis and arthralgias (DA) (18%) and strains causing SA were significantly more sensitive to normal volunteer sera than strains causing only DA. PID strains that caused severe illness were significantly more sensitive to normal volunteer sera than PID strains causing mild or moderate disease. Likewise, PD3 and DGI strains that promoted the development of bactericidal antibodies in infected hosts were also more sensitive to volunteer sera; these strains were by and large the same strains that caused severe PID or suppurative arthritis. UC strains associated with homologous bactericidal activity in infected hosts were also more sensitive to volunteer sera, but length of gonococcal carriage was also more prolonged in hosts infected with these strains. Serum sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to normal serum was mediated by IgM and complement. These experiments suggest that bactericidal reactivity as expressed in normal and patient sera may be an important predictor of the specific interactions of gonococci with the human host.
Effect of Structure on Wear Resistance of Co-, Fe-, and Ni-Base Alloys (1978)

Alloy characteristics that relate directly to wear resistance are much sought after, but elusive. Attempts have been made to correlate wear resistance with mechanical and physical properties, including hardness, but only with limited success. During the course of this investigation, cast, wrought, and hard facing wear alloys were processed using various casting, consolidation and deposition techniques and evaluated using laboratory sand abrasion wear tests, and metal-to-metal (adhesive) wear tests. In general, superior abrasive wear resistance was obtained with those processing conditions that produced microstructures which contained coarse carbide morphologies. No general relationship between hardness and abrasive or adhesive wear was found in this processing study. Little effect of processing, structure or hardness was observed on metal-to-metal wear. Where chemical similarity and common structural condition between the commercial alloys tested allows comment on chemical effects, carbon appeared to be the most effective variable; particularly with abrasive wear where resistance increased with increasing carbon level and volume percent of carbide phases present.
Changes in Cell Morphology and Cell-to-cell Adhesion Induced by Extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>in Cultured Taste Bud Cells (2002)

Cell morphology and cell-to-cell adhesion of taste bud cells were significantly altered by extracellular Ca2+ during in vitro culture. Under high Ca2+ condition (above 0.5 mM), the cells were tightly associated with each other and formed packed aggregates. Under low Ca2+ condition (below 0.1 mM), the cells were dispersed and had an elongated shape. These two forms were reversible and specifically dependent on Ca2+. The results indicate that extracellular Ca2+ regulates cell shape and cell-to-cell adhesion of taste bud cells.
DRAM-Based Statistics Counter Array Architecture With Performance Guarantee (2011)

The problem of efficiently maintaining a large number (say millions) of statistics counters that need to be updated at very high speeds (e.g., 40 Gb/s) has received considerable research attention in recent years. This problem arises in a variety of router management and data streaming applications where large arrays of counters are used to track various network statistics and implement various counting sketches. It proves too costly to store such large counter arrays entirely in SRAM, while DRAM is viewed as too slow for providing wirespeed updates at such high line rates. In particular, we propose a DRAM-based counter architecture that can effectively maintain wirespeed updates to large counter arrays. The proposed approach is based on the observation that modern commodity DRAM architectures, driven by aggressive performance roadmaps for consumer applications, such as video games, have advanced architecture features that can be exploited to make a DRAM-based solution practical. In particular, we propose a randomized DRAM architecture that can harness the performance of modern commodity DRAM offerings by interleaving counter updates to multiple memory banks. The proposed architecture makes use of a simple randomization scheme, a small cache, and small request queues to statistically guarantee a near-perfect load-balancing of counter updates to the DRAM banks. The statistical guarantee of the proposed randomized scheme is proven using a novel combination of convex ordering and large deviation theory. Our proposed counter scheme can support arbitrary increments and decrements at wirespeed, and they can support different number representations, including both integer and floating point number representations.
Fast Mg<sup>2+</sup> diffusion in Mo<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>O for Mg batteries (2017)

In this work, we identify a new potential Mg battery cathode structure Mo<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>O, which is predicted to exhibit ultra-fast Mg<sup>2+</sup> diffusion and relatively high voltage based on first-principles density functional theory calculations. Nudged elastic band calculations reveal that the migration barrier of the percolation channel is only ∼80 meV, which is remarkably low, and comparable to the best Li-ion conductors. This low barrier is verified by ab initio molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The voltage and specific energy are predicted to be ∼1.98 V and ∼173 W h kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. If confirmed by experiments, this material would have the highest known Mg mobility among inorganic compounds.
Influence of Polymer Architecture on the Stabilization of Iron and Manganese Ions in Aqueous Systems (2007)

Abstract The influence of polymers as stabilizing additives for iron and manganese ions was investigated in an aqueous system. The polymers tested include: homo-polymers of acrylic acid, maleic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid; co-polymer of acrylic acid: vinyl acetate, acrylic acid: hydroxypropyl acrylate, acrylic acid: carbitol acrylate, acrylic acid: 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid; and ter-polymer of acrylic acid: methacrylic acid: acrylic acid: acrylic acid: 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid: sulfonated styrene, acrylic acid: 2-acrylamido: t-butylacrylamide. It was found that polymer architecture i. e., monomer type, monomer charge, molecular weight, and polymerization solvent, strongly influences the performance of polymer as iron and manganese ions stabilizing additives. The stabilization data reveal the following order in terms of decreasing polymer performance: ter-polymer > co-polymer > homo-polymer.
An iterative mathematical decision model for cloud migration: A cost and security risk approach (2017)

Summary This paper presents an iterative mathematical decision model for organizations to evaluate whether to invest in establishing information technology (IT) infrastructure on‐premises or outsourcing IT services on a multicloud environment. This is because a single cloud cannot cover all types of users’ functional/nonfunctional requirements, in addition to several drawbacks such as resource limitation, vendor lock‐in, and prone to failure. On the other hand, multicloud brings several merits such as vendor lock‐in avoidance, system fault tolerance, cost reduction, and better quality of service. The biggest challenge is in selecting an optimal web service composition in the ever increasing multicloud market in which each provider has its own pricing schemes and delivers variation in the service security level. In this regard, we embed a module in the cloud broker to log service downtime and different attacks to measure the security risk. If security tenets, namely, security service level agreement, such as availability, integrity, and confidentiality for mission‐critical applications, are targeted by cybersecurity attacks, it causes disruption in business continuity, leading to financial losses or even business failure. To address this issue, our decision model extends the cost model by using the cost present value concept and the risk model by using the advanced mean failure cost concept, which are derived from the embedded module to quantify cloud competencies. Then, the cloud economic problem is transformed into a bioptimization problem, which minimizes cost and security risks simultaneously. To deal with the combinatorial problem, we extended a genetic algorithm to find a Pareto set of optimal solutions. To reach a concrete result and to illustrate the effectiveness of the decision model, we conducted different scenarios and a small‐to‐medium business IT development for a 5‐year investment as a case study. The result of different implementation shows that multicloud is a promising and reliable solution against IT on‐premises deployment.
Anticoagulant effects of a synthetic peptide containing residues Thr‐2253–Gln‐2270 within factor VIII C2 domain that selectively inhibits factor Xa‐catalysed factor VIII activation (2002)

Factor VIII (FVIII), an essential cofactor that accelerates the generation of factor Xa (FXa) in the tenase complex, is activated by proteolytic cleavage by thrombin or FXa. A strong relationship has been reported between high levels of FVIII activity and thrombosis. We have demonstrated previously that an anti-FVIII C2 antibody (ESH8) with a Val-2248-Gly-2285 epitope inhibited FXa-catalysed FVIII activation, and that a synthetic peptide designated EP-2 (residues 2253-2270) blocked C2 domain binding to FXa. We investigated the inhibitory effect of EP-2 on FXa-catalysed FVIII activation and its anticoagulant effect in the blood coagulation system. EP-2 inhibited FXa-catalysed activation in a clotting assay in a dose-dependent manner and reduced FXa generation in a chromogenic assay using FVIII, factor X, factor IXa and phospholipid. The peptide only inhibited FVIII binding to FXa. We also tested the anticoagulant effect of EP-2 in the plasma milieu. The peptide prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time and activated clotting time in a dose-dependent manner, but not prothrombin time. Our results indicate that EP-2 mediates the anticoagulant effect by specific inhibition of FVIII and FXa interaction in the intrinsic pathway, and that FXa-catalysed FVIII activation plays a significant role in blood clotting. The peptide may provide the basis for the development of novel anticoagulant therapy.
A New Instrument for the Simultaneous Measurement of Total Hemoglobin, % Oxyhemoglobin, % Carboxyhemoglobin, % Methemoglobin, and Oxygen Content in Whole Blood (1980)

The IL 282 CO-Oximeter is a completely automated instrument for the simultaneous analysis of total hemoglobin (THb), % oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), % carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), % methemoglobin (MetHb), and oxygen content (02 content) in a sample of blood.
Pancreatic cancer: Update on immunotherapies and algenpantucel-L (2015)

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is notoriously lethal, and despite improvements in systemic chemotherapy approaches bringing survival rates for metastatic disease to almost 1 year, by 2030 it is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer death. Pancreatic cancer (PC) prognosis has been associated with both the presence of intratumoral helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as well as humoral immune responses to tumor associated antigens like mesothelin. It is well described that the PC microenvironment is characterized by a fibroinflammatory and immunosuppressive stroma. On these premises several immune-targeted strategies have been developed to harness the adaptable immune system with a goal of improving survival with little toxicity. Cancer vaccines involve the administration of tumor-associated antigens with the goal of inducing an endogenous anti-tumor response. Among several strategies discussed, we will focus on the algenpantucel-L (HyperAcute™ Pancreas) immunotherapy. Algenpantucel-L is a whole cell immunotherapy consisting of irradiated allogeneic PC cells genetically engineered to express the murine enzyme α(1,3)-galactosyltransferase (αGT), which ultimately leads to hyperacute rejection with complement- and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. While phase III data in the adjuvant treatment of pancreatic cancer are pending, phase II results have been encouraging, particularly for patients who demonstrated humoral immunologic responses. Novel strategies using immune checkpoint inhibitors, costimulatory antibodies, and combinations with cancer vaccines may overcome immunotolerance and improve treatment success.
High-efficiency and high-speed metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors on Si-on-insulator substrates with buried backside reflectors (1997)

We report Si metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors with high-efficiency and high-speed in the infrared using Si-on- insulator substrates with backside reflectors buried underneath a deep-submicron-thick active layer. The reflectors cause the trapping of the light inside the thin Si active layer, resulting in a fast and efficient carrier- collection by the electrodes. The impulse response of the photodetector, measured by electro-optic sampling at 780 nm wavelength, has a full width at half-maximum of 5.4 ps, corresponding to a 3-dB bandwidth of 82 GHz. At both 633 and 850 nm wavelengths, the responsivities of the photodetectors with the buried backside reflectors are at least an order of magnitude larger than that of those without the reflectors.
Quantum Dot Lasers (2003)

Abstract This book is devoted to the physics and technology of diode lasers based on self-organized quantum dots (QD). It addresses the fundamental and technology aspects of QD edge-emitting and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, reviewing their current status and future prospects. The theoretically predicted advantages of an ideal QD array for laser applications are discussed and the basic principles of QD formation using self-organization phenomena are reviewed. Structural and optical properties of self-organized QDs are considered with a number of examples in different material systems. The book includes recent achievements in controlling the QD properties such as the effect of vertical stacking, changing the matrix bandgap and the surface density of QDs. The book is also focused on the use of self-organized quantum dots in laser structures, fabrication and characterization of edge- and surface-emitting diode lasers, their properties and optimization. Special attention is paid to the relationship between structural and electronic properties of QDs and laser characteristics. The threshold and power characteristics of the state-of-the-art QD lasers are also demonstrated. Issues related to the long-wavelength (1.3-um) lasers on a GaAs substrate are also addressed and recent results on InGaAsN-based diode lasers presented for the purpose of comparison.
Management of Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly (1985)

URINARY incontinence in the elderly is prevalent, morbid, costly, and neglected. It affects 5 to 15 per cent of elderly people living in the community,1 and its prevalence increases to approximately 40 per cent in hospitalized patients2 , 3 and to over 50 per cent in institutionalized populations.4 , 5 Neurologic impairment, immobility, and female sex are independent risk factors for incontinence, but neither advanced age nor chronic bacteriuria seem to be.6 , 7 The costs of incontinence are medical (cystitis, urosepsis, pressure sores, perineal rashes, and falls), psychosocial (embarrassment, isolation, depression, and predisposition to institutionalization), and economic. Over $8 billion per year8 is devoted to . . .
Architecture of the PSC-a programmable systolic chip (1983)

In recent years, many systolic algorithms have been proposed as solutions to computationally demanding problems in signal and image processing and other areas. Such algorithms exploit the regularity and parallelism of problems to achieve high performance and low I/O requirements. Since systolic algorithms generally consist of a few types of simple processors, or systolic cells, connected in a regular pattern, they are less expensive to design and implement than more general machines. This advantage is offset by the fact that a particular systolic system can generally be used only on a narrow set of problems, and thus design cost cannot be amortized over a large number of units. One way to approach this problem is to provide a programmable systolic chip (PSC), many copies of which can be connected and programmed to implement many systolic algorithms. The systolic environment, by virtue of its emphasis on continuous, regular flow of data and fairly simple per-cell processing, imposes new design requirements for programmable processors which are quite different from those found in a general-purpose system. This paper describes the CMU PSC, a single-chip microprocessor suitable for use in groups of tens or hundreds for the efficient implementation of a broad variety of systolic arrays. The processor has been fabricated in nMOS, and is undergoing testing.
Analysis and performance of direct flux control scheme for dynamic torque control in AC drives (2003)

Control of current during torque and flux vector dynamics has been a major concern in a dynamic torque control scheme. Voltage limitation, saturation of current controllers, current control in overmodulation and six-step range and parameter sensitivity are some of these concerns. Hence, it is desirable to have a fast torque dynamic without explicit control of current. The Direct Flux Control (DFC) scheme achieves dynamic torque control with the fastest torque dynamic that Is physically possible, without an explicit current control. Does such a scheme provide an Inherent current control? In this paper, we present transient analysis of the inherent current control feature shown by Direct Flux Control. Theoretical analysis along with experimental results prove that no explicit current control is mandatory to achieve dynamic torque control.