gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the Strain Evolution of Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes using an Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor (2016)

Abstract More advanced characterization and developmental tools are essential to improve the performance and safety of Li‐ion batteries. Conventional tools have been limited to customized test cell configurations that require special facilities and expensive equipment. As a practical solution for the in situ monitoring of realistic battery cells, we have embedded fiber optic sensors within Li‐ion battery pouch cells to monitor the internal electrode strain and temperature during cycling. Here we report the direct monitoring of strain evolution using implanted fiber‐optic sensors within the individual electrodes in a Li‐ion battery. Reproducible peak shifting and splitting in the implanted fiber optic sensor originate from the accumulated longitudinal and transverse strains associated with the expansion or contraction of the anode electrode. These discoveries demonstrate the feasibility and utility of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to be used as diagnostic tools in the development of new battery materials and structures.
Synthesis of two AMPS-based polymerizable room temperature ionic liquids and swelling difference between their co-polymeric gels with HEMA (2014)

Abstract Two polymerizable room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL), AMPS-BA and AMPS-DMAEMA, were synthesized by neutralization of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) with butylamine (BA) and 2-( N , N -dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), respectively, in acetone, followed by evaporation of the solvent under a reduced pressure at room temperature. The RTILs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry to determine their glass transition temperatures ( T g ). Co-polymeric gels of the RTILs with 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) were prepared by aqueous solution polymerization using N , N ′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAm) as a cross-linker and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The superabsorbency of the gels in water and various organic solvents was gravimetrically investigated. The results showed that the T g of AMPS-BA and AMPS-DMAEMA was -47.7°C and -45.8°C, respectively. Poly(AMPS-BA-co-HEMA) gels exhibited superabsorbency in both water and various organic solvents, while poly(AMPS-DMAEMA-co-HEMA) gels did not swell in any liquids. The mechanism for the swelling difference between poly(AMPS-BA-co-HEMA) gels and poly(AMPS-DMAEMA-co-HEMA) gels was critically discussed.
Long‐term effects of losartan on structure and function of the thoracic aorta in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome (2009)

Losartan improved the contractile function of aorta and reduced MMP activation. However, the endothelial NO pathway remained suppressed in the thoracic aorta during losartan treatment, which might limit its long-term benefits in Marfan syndrome.
A new look at maximal ratio combining (2002)

The performance of ideal maximal ratio diversity combining cannot be achieved in a practical system because of channel gain estimation errors. The accuracy of channel gain estimation is in turn a function of signal-to-noise ratio. An upper bound to the performance of maximal ratio diversity accounting for channel gain estimation errors and their dependence on signal-to-noise ratio is derived. Importantly, it is shown that the traditional theoretical performance of maximal ratio combining in slow fading cannot be achieved when the channel gain estimates are based on finite channel gain estimation signal-to-noise ratio (finite number of past symbols). It is shown that the advantages of maximal ratio/coherent reception over square-law/noncoherent reception in slow fading may be much less than previously believed.
Cooperative Relaying with Feedback for Lifetime Maximization (2010)

This paper investigates new transmission protocols that maximize the lifetime of a network under a Quality-of- Service (QoS) constraint. The proposed schemes incorporate a Decode-and-Forward relaying strategy with an instantaneous channel feedback in order to save energy and therefore prolong the network lifetime. Based on a combination of the required average transmitted power that supports the target QoS constraint with feedback of the measured power, an intelligent switching between direct transmission, relaying transmission and transmission postponement is proposed. The lifetime of the network is determined by using a simple probabilistic model that is validated via theoretical and numerical studies and is suitable for practical applications. We show that the proposed techniques significantly increase the lifetime of the network without affecting the considered QoS and delay constraints and seem to be promising solutions for "Green Radio" technology.
A Global Look at Authentication (2007)

In today's world of increased connectivity, authentication issues are becoming increasingly important. Many user accounts, from banking to water bill accounts, are available online. How do we ensure that identity theft occurrences are reduced, and people can enjoy the benefits of managing multiple accounts online? There are numerous schemes and systems that exist today, but many are difficult to implement, especially for the end users. When analyzing a system from a technical standpoint, one might be able to set the security policies and password encryption strength to the appropriate level in order to protect the information it contains, however, when multiple users utilize this system, and they in turn use other systems with identical passwords, the initial system can become less secure. In addition, phishing attacks are becoming more popular, where users may enter the password they reuse on a hostile site, which could result in compromising multiple systems. This paper examines various authentication methods and mechanisms available today, and determines which is appropriate for various uses. In general, users and administrators are responsible for security, and they should treat their systems with regard to the sensitivity of what they want to protect. Users should always consider the importance of each system they use and choose an authentication method or password scheme to match the system they intend to operate. In addition, administrators should always consider the consequences of implementing different security measures, to include the usability of their system.
Rett and Rett‐like syndrome: Expanding the genetic spectrum to <i>KIF1A</i> and <i>GRIN1</i> gene (2019)

It is the first time that pathogenic variants of GRIN1 and KIF1A were linked to RTT and Rett-like profiles. Our findings expanded the genetic heterogeneity of Chinese RTT or Rett-like patients, and also suggest that some patients with genetic metabolic disease such as NCL, might displayed Rett features initially, and clinical follow-up is essential for the diagnosis.
Unique Molecular Architecture of Silk Fibroin in the Waxmoth,Galleria mellonella (2002)

Proteins of silk fibers are characterized by reiterations of amino acid repeats. Physical properties of the fiber are determined by the amino acid composition, the complexity of repetitive units, and arrangement of these units into higher order arrays. Except for very short motifs of 6-10 residues, the length of repetitive units and the number of these units concatenated in higher order assemblies vary in all spider and lepidopteran silks analyzed so far. This paper describes an exceptional silk protein represented by the 500-kDa heavy chain fibroin (H-fibroin) of the waxmoth, Galleria mellonella. Its non-repetitive N-terminal (175 residues) and C-terminal (60 residues) parts, the overall gene organization, and the nucleotide sequence around the TATA box show that it is homologous to the H-fibroins of other Lepidoptera. However, over 95% of the protein consists of highly ordered repetitive structures that are unmatched in other species. The repetitive region includes 11 assemblies AB(1)AB(1)AB(1)AB(2)(AB(2))AB(2) of remarkably conserved polypeptide repeats A (63 amino acid residues), B(1) (43 residues), and B(2) (18 residues). The repeats contain a high proportion of Gly (31.6%), Ala (23.8%), Ser (18.1%), and of residues with long hydrophobic side chains (16% for Leu, Ile, and Val combined). The presence of the GLGGLG and SSAASAA(AA) motifs suggests formation of pleated beta-sheets and their stacking into crystallites. Conspicuous conservation of the apolar sequence VIVI followed by DD or ED is interpreted as indicating the importance of hydrophobicity and electrostatic charge in H-fibroin cross-linking. The environment of G. mellonella larvae within bee cultures requires continuous production of silk that must be both strong and elastic. The spectacular arrangement of the repetitive H-fibroin region apparently evolved to meet these requirements.
Molybdenum accumulation and storage in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii (1981)

In Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mo accumulation appeared to be coregulated with nitrogenase synthesis. O2 and NH+4, which repressed nitrogenase synthesis, also prevented Mo accumulation. In Azotobacter vinelandii, Mo accumulation did not appear to be regulated Mo was accumulated to levels much higher than those seen in K. pneumoniae even when nitrogenase synthesis was repressed. Accumulated Mo was bound mainly to a Mo storage protein, and it could act as a supply for the Mo needed in component I synthesis when extracellular Mo had been exhausted. When A. vinelandii was grown in the presence of WO2-(4) rather than MoO2-(4), it synthesized a W-containing analog of the Mo storage protein. The Mo storage protein was purified from both NH+4 and N2-grown cells of A. vinelandii and found to be a tetramer of two pairs of different subunits binding a minimum of 15 atoms of Mo per tetramer.
An Evaluation of the Performance and Emissions of a CFR Engine Equipped with a Prechamber (1973)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An experimental study of a naturally aspirated, spark-ignited prechamber mounted in a CFR engine demonstrated that this system provides a marked improvement in lean-mixture combustion both before and after engine warm-up. In the system tested, a premixed fuel-air mixture containing five times the stoichiometric amount of fuel was supplied to the prechamber at a rate of 2% of the main chamber mixture flow. The fuel-rich flame issuing from the prechamber provided an ignition source capable of igniting main chamber mixtures much leaner than those normally ignitable by a standard spark plug.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">There are many advantages and disadvantages when comparing the standard CFR engine with the prechamber CFR engine. This paper goes on to explain the prechamber engine in detail and to compare it with the standard engine.</div>
Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies on a Glass Surface (2017)

The assemblies of cross-linked gold nanoparticles (AuNP) attract lot of scientific attention due to feasible perspectives of their use for development of scaled contact electrodes. Here, we developed and tested method of solid-state formation of dimers created from small AuNP (~18 nm) cross-linked with 1.9-nonadithiol (NDT) molecules. The morphology of created coating of a glass surface and its optical-polarization properties have been studied in detail by combination of scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and modulation-polarization spectroscopy.The modification of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of single AuNP and their assemblies were studied by measuring of the spectral characteristics of polarization difference at all stages of synthesis. The radiative and nonradiative modes of LSPR have been analyzed in detail at different angles of incidence light. This allowed establishing relation between surface morphology of the coating and its optical properties.
<i>n</i> -AlInAs/(InAs) <sub>3</sub> (GaAs) <sub>1</sub> superlattice modulation-doped field effect transistor grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1990)

A pseudomorphic modulation-doped field effect transistor (MODFET) using a (InAs)3(GaAs)1 superlattice as a channel layer has been successfully demonstrated. The device was grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The MODFET with 0.85 μm gate length exhibits maximum external DC transconductance and current gain cut-off frequency of 475 mS/mm and 28.5 GHz, respectively.
Immunohistochemical Staining of B7-H1 (PD-L1) on Paraffin-embedded Slides of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Tissue (2013)

B7-H1/PD-L1, a member of the B7 family of immune-regulatory cell-surface proteins, plays an important role in the negative regulation of cell-mediated immune responses through its interaction with its receptor, programmed death-1 (PD-1). Overexpression of B7-H1 by tumor cells has been noted in a number of human cancers, including melanoma, glioblastoma, and carcinomas of the lung, breast, colon, ovary, and renal cells, and has been shown to impair anti-tumor T-cell immunity. Recently, B7-H1 expression by pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues has been identified as a potential prognostic marker. Additionally, blockade of B7-H1 in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer has been shown to produce an anti-tumor response. These data suggest the importance of B7-H1 as a potential therapeutic target. Anti-B7-H1 blockade antibodies are therefore being tested in clinical trials for multiple human solid tumors including melanoma and cancers of lung, colon, kidney, stomach and pancreas. In order to eventually be able to identify the patients who will benefit from B7-H1 targeting therapies, it is critical to investigate the correlation between expression and localization of B7-H1 and patient response to treatment with B7-H1 blockade antibodies. Examining the expression of B7-H1 in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues through immunohistochemistry will give a better understanding of how this co-inhibitory signaling molecule contributes to the suppression of antitumor immunity in the tumor's microenvironment. The anti-B7-H1 monoclonal antibody (clone 5H1) developed by Chen and coworkers has been shown to produce reliable staining results in cryosections of multiple types of human neoplastic tissues, but staining on paraffin-embedded slides had been a challenge until recently. We have developed the B7-H1 staining protocol for paraffin-embedded slides of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues. The B7-H1 staining protocol described here produces consistent membranous and cytoplasmic staining of B7-H1 with little background.
Instant Typing Is Essential to Detect Transmission of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella Species (2015)

Clonal outbreaks of ESBL-producing Klebsiella species were detected in our hospital. Theoretically, after Raman spectroscopy had detected a cluster of n ≥ 2, six infections in secondary patients could have been prevented. These findings demonstrate that spread of ESBL-producing Klebsiella species occurs, even in a non-outbreak setting, and underscore the need for routine rapid typing of these MDR bacteria.
Development of an aggregate-selective, human-derived α-synuclein antibody BIIB054 that ameliorates disease phenotypes in Parkinson's disease models (2018)

Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is neuropathologically and genetically linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Since stereotypic cell-to-cell spreading of α-syn pathology is believed to contribute to disease progression, immunotherapy with antibodies directed against α-syn is considered a promising therapeutic approach for slowing disease progression. Here we report the identification, binding characteristics, and efficacy in PD mouse models of the human-derived α-syn antibody BIIB054, which is currently under investigation in a Phase 2 clinical trial for PD. BIIB054 was generated by screening human memory B-cell libraries from healthy elderly individuals. Epitope mapping studies conducted using peptide scanning, X-ray crystallography, and mutagenesis show that BIIB054 binds to α-syn residues 1-10. BIIB054 is highly selective for aggregated forms of α-syn with at least an 800-fold higher apparent affinity for fibrillar versus monomeric recombinant α-syn and a strong preference for human PD brain tissue. BIIB054 discriminates between monomers and oligomeric/fibrillar forms of α-syn based on high avidity for aggregates, driven by weak monovalent affinity and fast binding kinetics. In efficacy studies in three different mouse models with intracerebrally inoculated preformed α-syn fibrils, BIIB054 treatment attenuated the spreading of α-syn pathology, rescued motor impairments, and reduced the loss of dopamine transporter density in dopaminergic terminals in striatum. The preclinical data reported here provide a compelling rationale for clinical development of BIIB054 for the treatment and prevention of PD.
The Induction of Partial Resistance to Photodynamic Therapy by the Protooncogene <i>BCL‐2</i> (1996)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an efficient inducer of apoptosis, an active form of cell death that can be inhibited by the BCL-2 oncoprotein. The ability of BCL-2 to modulate PDT-induced apoptosis and overall cell killing has been studied in a pair of Chinese hamster ovary cell lines that differ from one another by a transfected human BCL-2 gene in one of them (Bissonnette et al, Nature 359, 552-554, 1992). Cells were exposed to the phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4 and various fluences of red light. Pc 4 uptake was identical in the two cell lines. The parental cells displayed a high incidence of apoptosis after PDT, whereas at each fluence there was a much lower incidence of apoptosis in the BCL-2-expressing cells. Apoptosis was monitored by (a) observation of 50 kbp and oligonucleosome-size DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis, (b) flow cytometry of cells labeled with fluorescently tagged dUTP by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and (c) fluorescence microscopy of acridine orange-stained cells. The time course of apoptosis varied with the PDT dose, suggesting that only after moderately high doses (> 99% loss of clonogenicity) was there a relatively synchronous and rapid entry of many cells into apoptosis. At PDT doses reducing cell survival by 90 or 99%, significant increases in apoptotic cells were found in the population after 6-12 h. Clonogenic assays showed that BCL-2 protein inhibited not only apoptosis but overall cell killing as well, effecting a two-fold resistance at the 10% survival level. Thus, BCL-2-expressing cells may be relatively resistant to PDT.
A Cascaded Machine Learning Approach to Interpreting Temporal Expressions (2007)

A new architecture for identifying and interpreting temporal expressions is introduced, in which the large set of complex hand-crafted rules standard in systems for this task is replaced by a series of machine learned classifiers and a much smaller set of context-independent semantic composition rules. Experiments with the TERN 2004 data set demonstrate that overall system performance is comparable to the state-of-the-art, and that normalization performance is particularly good. 1
The plasma-heated thyratron (1979)

An instant-starting hydrogen thyratron is described which incorporates a cathode requiring no warmup time, no standby power, and no separate heater power supply. Starting cold, time jitter is less than 1 ns; anode delay time is less than200 ns; and the 0-30-s anode delay time drift is less than 100 ns. The cathode is a self-heating design made of impregnated tungsten. Even when cold, it provides sufficient emission capability to trigger readily and to prevent arcing. During operation, it attains full operating temperature via plasma-heating effects and its own resistive dissipation; after shutdown, it remains active, in readiness for the next cold start, a cycle which can be repeated as often as desired. Thyratrons made with the new cathode display operating behavior and life comparable to conventional hydrogen thyratrons of equivalent size.
A sensitive multidimensional method for the detection, characterization, and quantification of trace free drug species in antibody-drug conjugate samples using mass spectral detection (2015)

Conjugation processes and stability studies associated with the production and shelf life of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) can result in free (non-conjugated) drug species. These free drug species can increase the risk to patients and reduce the efficacy of the ADC. Despite stringent purification steps, trace levels of free drug species may be present in formulated ADCs, reducing the therapeutic window. The reduction of sample preparation steps through the incorporation of multidimensional techniques has afforded analysts more efficient methods to assess trace drug species. Multidimensional methods coupling size-exclusion and reversed phase liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection (SEC-RPLC/UV) have been reported, but offer limited sensitivity and can limit method optimization. The current study addresses these challenges with a multidimensional method that is specific, sensitive, and enables method control in both dimensions via coupling of an on-line solid phase extraction column to RPLC with mass spectral detection (SPE-RPLC/MS). The proposed method was evaluated using an antibody-fluorophore conjugate (AFC) as an ADC surrogate to brentuximab vedotin and its associated parent maleimide-val-cit-DSEA payload and the derived N-acetylcysteine adduct formed during the conjugation process. Assay sensitivity was found to be 2 orders more sensitive using MS detection in comparison to UV-based detection with a nominal limit of quantitation of 0.30 ng/mL (1.5 pg on-column). Free-drug species were present in an unadulterated ADC surrogate sample at concentrations below 7 ng/mL, levels not detectable by UV alone. The proposed SPE-RPLC/MS method provides a high degree of specificity and sensitivity in the assessment of trace free drug species and offers improved control over each dimension, enabling straightforward integration into existing or novel workflows.
Evolutionary biology of aging (1991)

Reviews 469 giving a picture of hereditary renal disorders at a number of (mainly Italian) nephrological centers.About 18 mo elapsed between the meeting and publication.Events have moved on apace.It was then known that, in addition to the two major components of collagen IV, a third chain also existed.Five separately coded constituents of collagen IV are now recognized.The fifth chain is known to be encoded on the X chromosome, in the same map area as Alport syndrome.This gene has been cloned by two independent groups (Hostikka et al. 1990; Myers et al. 1990).About 10% of Alport syndrome patients show gross gene rearrangements, establishing that classical Alport syndrome is a disorder of this one component of basement membrane collagen.This is very substantial progress, but the pathogenesis of the renal disorder, the relationship of the gene abnormality to the extrarenal signs of the disorder, the possibility of locus heterogeneity within Alport syndrome, and the molecular genetics of the other inherited nephritides all remain to be elucidated.Despite having just missed the major advance in understanding Alport syndrome, this book poses many clinical and pathological questions that remain valid sign- posts for the way ahead.
<title>Nonlinear properties of photochromic materials for use in optical devices</title> (1993)

We discuss the means for writing and reading information in a volume optical memory induced by two-photon processes. Photochromic materials based on reversible transformation of spiropyran molecules and polyacene photodimers have been used in 3D writing and reading with some success. The spectroscopic and physical properties of these materials are presented.