gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A nonsynonymous <i>TNFRSF11A</i> variation increases NFκB activity and the severity of Paget's disease (2011)

Mutations in the SQSTM1 gene were identified as a common cause of Paget's disease of bone (PDB) but experimental evidence demonstrated that SQSTM1 mutation is not sufficient to induce PDB in vivo. Here, we identified two nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (C421T, H141Y and T575C, V192A) in the TNFRSF11A gene, associated with PDB and with the severity of phenotype in a large population of 654 unrelated patients that were previously screened for SQSTM1 gene mutations. The largest effect was found for the T575C variant, yielding an odds ratio of 1.29 (p = 0.003), with the C allele as the risk allele. Moreover, an even more significant p-value (p = 0.0002) was observed in the subgroup of patients with SQSTM1 mutation, with an odds ratio of 1.71. Interestingly, patients with the C allele also showed an increased prevalence of polyostotic disease (68%, 53%, and 51% in patients with CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively; p = 0.01), as well as an increased number of affected skeletal sites (2.9, 2.5, and 2.0 in patients with CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively, p = 0.008). These differences increased when analyses were restricted to cases with SQSTM1 mutation. In human cell lines, cotrasfection with mutated SQSTM1 and TNFRSF11A(A192) produced a level of activation of NFκB signaling greater than cotrasfection with wild-type SQSTM1 and TNFRSF11A(V192), confirming genetics and clinical evidences. These results provide the first evidence that genetic variation within the OPG/RANK/RANKL system influences the severity of PBD in synergistic action with SQSTM1 gene mutations.
Facile α-deprotonation–electrophilic substitution of quinuclidine and DABCO (1999)

Deprotonation of BF3 complexes of quinuclidine or DABCO by Schlosser base and subsequent reaction with electrophiles affords α-substituted products in moderate to good yields.
Probing Collagen/Enzyme Mechanochemistry in Native Tissue with Dynamic, Enzyme-Induced Creep (2010)

Mechanical strain or stretch of collagen has been shown to be protective of fibrils against both thermal and enzymatic degradation. The details of this mechanochemical relationship could change our understanding of load-bearing tissue formation, growth, maintenance, and disease in vertebrate animals. However, extracting a quantitative relationship between strain and the rate of enzymatic degradation is extremely difficult in bulk tissue due to confounding diffusion effects. In this investigation, we develop a dynamic, enzyme-induced creep assay and diffusion/reaction rate scaling arguments to extract a lower bound on the relationship between strain and the cutting rate of bacterial collagenase (BC) at low strains. The assay method permits continuous, forced probing of enzyme-induced strain which is very sensitive to degradation rate differences between specimens at low initial strain. The results, obtained on uniaxially loaded strips of bovine corneal tissue (0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 N), demonstrate that small differences in strain alter the enzymatic cutting rate of the BC substantially. It was estimated that a change in tissue elongation of only 1.5% (at approximately 5% strain) reduces the maximum cutting rate of the enzyme by more than half. Estimation of the average load per monomer in the tissue strips indicates that this protective "cutoff" occurs when the collagen monomers are transitioning from an entropic to an energetic mechanical regime. The continuous tracking of the enzymatic cleavage rate as a function of strain during the initial creep response indicates that the decrease in the cleavage rate of the BC is nonlinear (initially steep between 4.5 and 6.5% and then flattens out from 6.5 to 9.5%). The high sensitivity to strain at low strain implies that even lightly loaded collagenous tissue may exhibit significant strain protection. The dynamic, enzyme-induced creep assay described herein has the potential to permit the rapid characterization of collagen/enzyme mechanochemistry in many different tissue types.
Tannins and Related Compounds. CXVI. Six New Complex Tannins, Guajavins, Psidinins and Psiguavin from the Bark of Psidium guajava L. (1992)

Six new complex tannins, guajavins A (5) and B (1), psidinins A (9), B (11) and C (13), and psiguavin (15), together with a variety of condensed, hydrolyzable and complex tannins, have been isolated from the bark of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae). On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the structures of guajavins and psidinins were established to consist of a (+)-gallocatechin unit and a hydrolyzable tannin moiety linked C-glycosidically, while psiguavin was found to be a novel metabolite probably derived from eugenigrandin A (7) through successive oxidation, benzylic acid-type rearrangement, decarboxylation and oxidative coupling of the gallocatechin B-ring and one of the aromatic rings in the hydrolyzable tannin moiety.
Design of single element gradient-index collimator (1977)

Gradient-index materials will provide new valuable degrees of freedom for the lens designer. The gradient-index single element lens is studied in terms of its third-order aberration coefficients, ray-trace analysis, and wave-front error.
DEVELOPING METHODS FOR TESTING THE RESISTANCE OF WHITE CABBAGE AGAINST THRIPS TABABCI (2002)

Since the damage of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindemann) first occurred on white cabbage in Hungary several observations have been carried out, both in Hungary and abroad, to assess varietal resistance. The use of a new evaluation method for field screening is described and the result of the monitoring of 64 varieties is reported. The most susceptible varieties were ‘Bejo 1860’, ‘SG 3164’, ‘Quisto’, ‘Green Gem’ and ‘Ramada’. On the other hand, ‘Golden Cross’, ‘Balashi’, ‘Riana’, ‘Autumn Queen’, ‘Leopard’, Ama-Daneza’ and ‘Galaxy’ suffered the least damage under natural infestation. Methods for testing the patterns of resistance are also described and evaluated. In case of plants at the few leaf growth stage significant negative correlation was found between egg mortality and the egg laying preference of adults. The results of the other antibiotic and antixenotic tests were greatly affected by differences in the physiological age and condition of the varieties.
Cellular response to cetuximab in PTEN-silenced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line (2010)

The implication of loss of PTEN expression in resistance to targeted therapy has already been described in many tumor types. The absence of response to anti-EGFR agents in PTEN-deficient tumors relies on persistent activation of signaling pathways downstream of pEGFR. To investigate the role of PTEN loss of expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) response to cetuximab, we used siRNA in Cal 27 cells and then evaluated key signaling protein activation (pAKT and pERK 1/2) as well as cell viability and proliferation. PTEN silencing in Cal 27 cells led to a constitutive activation of signaling pathways evidenced by a strong increase in pAKT and pERK 1/2 expression. Moreover, PTEN-silenced cells did not show any significant changes either in cell viability or proliferation, only slight modifications on cell cycle. Additionally and unpredictably, our results indicated that PTEN silencing, led to a drastic reduction in pEGFR expression whereas total EGFR level did not significantly vary. Strikingly, despite this overactivation of signaling pathways ruling cell survival and proliferation in siPTEN cells, cetuximab fully exerted pAKT and pERK 1/2 inhibition of expression, similarly to its effect in untransfected Cal 27 cells. In conclusion, our study established that in Cal 27 cells, cetuximab keeps full ability to inhibit EGFR-dependent mechanisms, as shown by a decreased pAKT and pERK 1/2 level of expression, despite a strong PTEN silencing-induced overactivation. In Cal 27 cells, loss of PTEN expression does not lead to a loss of cetuximab efficacy in inhibiting EGFR-downstream signaling pathways, contrarily to data shown in previous works conducted in other tumor types.
Error probability of M-ary FSK with differential phase detection in satellite mobile channel (1989)

Formulas are derived for the error probability of M-ary frequency shift keying (FSK) with differential phase detection in a satellite mobile channel. The received signal in this channel is composed of a specular signal, a diffuse signal, and white Gaussian noise; hence, the composite signal is fading and has a Rician envelope. The error probability is shown to depend on the following system parameters: (1) the signal-to-noise ratio; (2) the ratio of powers in the specular and diffuse signal components; (3) the normalized frequency deviation; (4) the normalized Doppler frequency; (5) the maximum normalized Doppler frequency; (6) the correlation function of the diffuse component, which depends on the normalized Doppler frequency and the type of the antenna; (7) the number of symbols; and (8) the normalized time delay between the specular and diffuse component (t/sub d//T) where 1/T is the symbol rate. Except for T/sub d//T, all normalized parameters are the ratios of the parameter value and symbol rate. The Doppler frequency depends on the velocity of the vehicle and the carrier frequency. The error probability is computed as a function of the various parameters. The bit error probability is plotted as a function of signal-to-noise ratio per bit and other system parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A GaAs/AlGaAs asymmetric Fabry-Perot reflection modulator with very high contrast ratio (1993)

Performance results for a normally on, electroabsorptive, surface-normal Fabry-Perot reflection modulator are presented. The device employs a cavity with a 100 AA GaAs/100 AA Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As multiple quantum well and top and bottom quarter-wave mirrors with 4 and 19.5 periods, respectively. Very low values of off-state reflectance were measured, giving a maximum contrast ratio >1000 (30 dB) and a maximum reflectance difference of 64.3%. The contrast ratio is, to the authors' knowledge, the largest reported to date.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The absorbtion and sputum penetration of doxycycline (1978)

The relation of doxycycline absorption and side-effects to concurrent administration with milk and water has been studied in a single-blind cross over study. Milk did not decrease absorption, but did lessen significantly nausea reported on administration with water. In a second group of patients, doxycycline achieved significantly higher serum (3.6 mg/l) and sputum (0.8 mg/l) concentrations than tetracycline (2.0 mg/l,0.2 mg/l). After allowing for the variation in serum concentration, sputum penetration by these antibiotics was not significantly different. Sputum purulence did not affect penetration of either antibiotic. Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from sputa received at the hospital laboratory were examined and their sensitivity to doxycycline and tetracycline compared to sputum penetration by these antimicrobial drugs.
Identification of EaeA protein in the outer membrane of attaching and effacing O45 from pigs (1995)

We have previously reported that the production of attaching and effacing lesions by Escherichia coli O45 isolates from pigs is associated with the eaeA (E. coli attaching and effacing) gene. In the present study, expression of the EaeA protein, the eaeA gene product, among swine O45 E. coli isolates was examined. The majority (20/22) of attaching and effacing positive, eaeA+ E. coli O45 isolates, but none of ten attaching and effacing negative, eaeA− or eaeA+ isolates, expressed a 97-kDa outer membrane protein as revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. Amino-terminal amino acid sequencing demonstrated a high homology between this 97-kDa protein of swine E. coli O45 and the EaeA protein (intimin) of human enteropathogenic E. coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli. In addition, a serological relationship between the EaeA proteins of swine O45, rabbit (RDEC-1) and human (E2348/69) attaching and effacing E. coli strains was observed. Our results indicate an association between expression of the EaeA protein and attaching and efficacing activity among O45 E. coli isolates. The data also suggest an antigenic relatedness of the EaeA proteins of swine, rabbit, and human attaching and effacing E. coli.
Synthetic Cyclic Oligosaccharides–Syntheses and Structural Properties of a Cyclo[(1 → 4)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐α‐D‐mannopyranosyl]trioside and ‐tetraoside (1996)

An efficient polycondensation-cyclization approach to the synthesis of cyclodextrin analogues is demonstrated by the preparation of cyclohexaoside 1 and cyclooctaoside 2. The key intermediate, disaccharide 3, bearing the cyanoethylidene group as a glycosyl donor function and the trityloxy group as a glycosyl acceptor function was prepared in 15 steps starting from L-rhamnose and D-mannose. The crucial cyclooligomerization of the disaccharide monomer 3 was carried out in the presence of TrClO<sub>4</sub> as a promoter with the use of ultra-dry conditions at normal concentrations. This reaction led to formation of the cyclic oligosaccharides 28 and 29 (in 34 and 31% yield, respectively), which were deprotected to afford 1 and 2, respectively. The X-ray crystal structural analysis of the cyclooctaoside 2 reveals a cylindrical shape for the cyclic oligosaccharide with C<sub>4</sub> symmetry. Individual molecules of 2 are arranged perfectly in stacks that form nanotubes in the solid state.
Lack of clinical efficacy of additional factor XIII treatment in patients with steroid refractory colitis. The Factor XIII Study Group. (1999)

Patients with active ulcerative colitis have decreased levels of factor XIII (FXIII) activity, which is important for woundhealing. Recent uncontrolled studies claimed a beneficial effect of Factor XIII on clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis, in particular intestinal bleeding. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the benefits of additional FXIII treatment in steroid-refractory patients with ulcerative colitis in a prospective, double blind, placebo-controlled study. A total of 28 patients were enrolled between October 1994 and January 1997. Primary objective of this study was the time until cessation of visible intestinal bleeding with 14 days after the start of treatment. Patients were treated for ten days either by i.v. application of FXIII concentrate or by placebo. The analysis of the primary efficacy criterion, cessation of intestinal bleeding, by a planned interim analysis showed no significant differences between the treatment groups (p = 0.8). This resulted in the termination of the study. The same applied to the CAI score. No patient in both treatment groups reached remission according to the colo-/-sigmoidoscopy score. Due to the high number of patients (16 of 28) who had to be excluded from the per-protocol analysis (e.g. changes to the concomitant medication) only the intention-to-treat population was analyzed. Overall the study showed no beneficial effect of additional FXIII treatment on active steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. These results do not confirm previous open label studies which had reported a significant improvement of clinical symptoms.
Sex differences and the HPA axis: implications for psychiatric disease. (1998)

Depression is twice as common in women as in men. Given that stress plays a major role in the onset of this disorder, sex differences in the response to stress could influence women's vulnerability to depression. The data presented suggest that greater stress responsiveness in women may be influenced by ovarian steroids. This greater stress responsiveness and resistance to glucocorticoid feedback may be one biological factor contributing to the greater incidence of depression in women.
The Synchroscan picosecond streak camera system (1980)

Abstract The Synchroscan system has been developed to meet the need for a picosecond streak camera that could record repetitively at the pulse recurrence frequencies commonly available in laser systems. The technique was first tested on lasers producing short trams of pulses, and, having shown promising results, was then applied to the recording of short weak pulses of Cerenkov radiation induced by a repetitively pulsed beam of particles. With the development of continuous wave (c.w.) mode-locked dye lasers there has been an increase of interest in the Synchroscan method, and the system has been developed into a commercially available accessory for the Imacon 675 streak camera. Results are presented illustrating the various stages of the development.
Ellipsoidal illumination system optimization for laser fusion experiments (1975)

It is shown that nearly uniform and orthogonal illumination of a spherical target may be realized by defocusing the ellipsoidal mirror system devised by C. E. Thomas.
Autocorrelation Descriptor for Efficient Co‐Alignment of 3D Shape Collections (2015)

Abstract Co‐aligning a collection of shapes to a consistent pose is a common problem in shape analysis with applications in shape matching, retrieval and visualization. We observe that resolving among some orientations is easier than others, for example, a common mistake for bicycles is to align front‐to‐back, while even the simplest algorithm would not erroneously pick orthogonal alignment. The key idea of our work is to analyse rotational autocorrelations of shapes to facilitate shape co‐alignment. In particular, we use such an autocorrelation measure of individual shapes to decide which shape pairs might have well‐matching orientations; and, if so, which configurations are likely to produce better alignments. This significantly prunes the number of alignments to be examined, and leads to an efficient, scalable algorithm that performs comparably to state‐of‐the‐art techniques on benchmark data sets, but requires significantly fewer computations, resulting in 2–16× speed improvement in our tests.
Sorption and Separation of Sugars with Adsorbents Based on Reversible Chemical Interaction (2006)

The goal of this work was to enhance the selectivity of the separation of fructose or glucose from carbohydrate mixtures with adsorbents capable of reversible reaction. The experimental data presented demonstrate the feasibility of separating glucose from trans-galacto-oligosaccharides and fructose from fructo-oligosaccharides using resins as adsorbents. Comparison of the sorption properties of a resin functionalised with the bisulphite (HSO − 3 ) ion with its original chloride (Cl − ) form showed that the sorption of glucose increased due to interaction with the bisulphite group. In addition, functionalisation with bisulphite resulted in selectivity towards glucose relative to fructose and lactose. Moreover, chromatographic separation of glucose from trans-galacto-oligosaccharides on a bisulphite-loaded resin was improved compared to the same resin in the chloride form. However, the bisulphite unfortunately oxidised. Boronic acid-functionalised resin was selective towards fructose at pH 6.0 compared to glucose, indicating complex formation between fructose and boronic acid. Although complex formation with boronate has been assumed to be even stronger than with boronic acid, increasing the pH to a value above the pK a of the functional group did not improve fructose sorption. Chromatographic separation of fructose from fructo-oligosaccharides was obtained on boronic acid-functionalised resin as a result of complex formation with fructose. These results show that reversible chemical reactions can lead to an improvement in the performance of adsorbents for sugar separations.
Ectopic Overexpression of Wheat Adenosine Diphosphate‐ribosylation Factor, <i>TaARF</i>, Increases Growth Rate in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2008)

Differential gene expression between hybrids and their parents is considered to be associated with heterosis. However, the physiological functions and possible contribution to heterosis of these differentially expressed genes are unknown. We have isolated one hybrid upregulated gene encoding putative wheat ADP-ribosylation factor, designated TaARF. In this study, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the TaARF transcript was preferentially expressed in root, node and crown, and the accumulation of TaARF mRNA in hybrid was more than 1.5-fold higher than that in two parents. In order to understand possible roles of the putative wheat ARF gene, TaARF was overexpressed in Arabidopsis, and the transgenic plants were characterized. We show that ectopic overexpression of TaARF in Arabidopsis leads to increased leaf area, increased growth rate and earlier transition to flowering, suggesting that TaARF plays significant roles in growth and development. This study provides evidence demonstrating that TaARF plays important roles in growth and development and we speculate that the upregulated expression of this gene might contribute to the heterosis observed in wheat root and leaf growth.
Infectious Prions in Pre-Clinical Deer and Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease Solely by Environmental Exposure (2009)

Key to understanding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of prion diseases, including chronic wasting disease (CWD) of cervids, is determining the mode of transmission from one individual to another. We have previously reported that saliva and blood from CWD-infected deer contain sufficient infectious prions to transmit disease upon passage into naïve deer. Here we again use bioassays in deer to show that blood and saliva of pre-symptomatic deer contain infectious prions capable of infecting naïve deer and that naïve deer exposed only to environmental fomites from the suites of CWD-infected deer acquired CWD infection after a period of 15 months post initial exposure. These results help to further explain the basis for the facile transmission of CWD, highlight the complexities associated with CWD transmission among cervids in their natural environment, emphasize the potential utility of blood-based testing to detect pre-clinical CWD infection, and could augur similar transmission dynamics in other prion infections.
Novel iron titanate catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 in the medium temperature range (2008)

An iron titanate catalyst with a crystallite phase, prepared by a co-precipitation method, showed excellent activity, stability, selectivity and SO(2)/H(2)O durability in the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH(3) in the medium temperature range.
Content-based mesh generation algorithm (2004)

The work presents an alternative method for encoding shape-information of video objects, which is a new requirement in the recent evolution of video codec scheme: compressing and transmitting object-based video streams. The proposed method takes the advantage of the latest development in video encoding - motion compensation on the base of mesh presentation of frame -to complete its target. The content-based mesh is deployed to represent video objects, which are detected by a previous video object detector (in a consistent case of scene, detection can simply be a segmenting phase of video frame) or from the whole frame. This special mesh structure constructs the base for successive motion compensation based on mesh-vertices. With content-based mesh, shape information of objects is represented by polygons, therefore it is lossy. Increasing the number of boundary vertices at the cost of bandwidth can alleviate the problem. Integrating the proposed method into a full VOP codec scheme is our perspective.
Handbook of Food Products Manufacturing (2006)

Handbook of food products manufacturing , Handbook of food products manufacturing , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی