gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Test Case Management System (TCMS) (2002)

Testing is a process of verifying that a system works as specified in its stated requirements. This paper describes a Test Case Management System (TCMS) that was developed in the Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC) of the Science and Technology Department, Bell South Telecommunications Inc. TCMS was designed with an emphasis on five main areas of testing namely unit testing, functionality testing, system testing, regression testing and stress testing. TCMS provides features that easily allow managing test cases and test results, maintaining a standardized test case format, executing manual as well as automated test cases and generating customized reports. The test case format used by TCMS is based on the guidelines provided by the IEEE 829 standard. Enhancements can be easily done to TCMS because of its object-oriented design. The complexity of the underlying database is completely hidden from the end users of the system. Because TCMS takes care of the test cases and test results it is very easy to do regression testing using TCMS. All test execution results are stored in a relational database and structured query language (SQL) queries can be very easily done on these test results.
Predicting Cognitive Change Across 3 Years in Community-Dwelling Elders (2008)

The determination of clinically significant cognitive change across time is an important issue in neuropsychology, and repeated assessments are common with older adults. Regression-based prediction formulas, which use initial test performance and demographic variables to predict follow-up test performance, have been utilized with patient and healthy control samples. Comparisons between predicted and observed follow-up performances can assist clinicians in determining the significance of change in the individual patient. In the current study, multiple regression-based prediction equations for the five Indexes and Total Score of the RBANS were developed for a sample of 146 community-dwelling older adults across a 2-year interval. These algorithms were then validated on a separate elderly sample (n = 145). Minimal differences were present between Observed and Predicted follow-up scores in the validation sample, suggesting that the prediction formulas are clinically useful for practitioners who assess older adults. A case example is presented that illustrates how the algorithms can be used clinically.
Studies on the activities of tannins and related compounds from medicinal plants and drugs. I. Inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and microsomes of liver. (1983)

The inhibitory effects of 25 tannins and related compounds on the lipid peroxidation induced by adenine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and ascorbic acid in rat liver mitochondria, and on that induced in rat liver microsomes by ADP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), were determined. All of the tannins, except for some polyphenols of low molecular weight and methylated polyphenols, showed significant inhibition in these two systems at the concentration of 1μg/ml. Almost complete inhibition of the lipid peroxidation in the two systems was shown by some ellagitannins such as pedunculagin, isoterchebin, etc., at the dose of 5μg/ml. Marked differences of the inhibitory activities were observed among the tannins depending on the tannin structure, including the stereoisomerism in the monomer of condensed tannin, and on the experimental system used. The inhibitory effects of most of the hydrolyzable tannins were higher than those of the condensed tannins in both systems. Some monomeric polyphenols, represented by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, showed inhibitory effects stronger than those of the condensed tannins in these systems, particularly on the lipid peroxidation induced by ADP and NADPH. The inhibitory effects of these tannins in both systems were very much stronger than that of α-tocopherol.
Longitudinal mode control in giant pulse lasers (1965)

We have introduced longitudinal mode selection into a giant pulse laser to obtain single mode output from the laser. Some advantages of achieving longitudinal mode control in a giant pulse laser are noted. The methods of mode control used are described. These include orienting various reflecting surfaces in the laser cavity, cooling the ruby laser crystal, and introduction of a saturable dye in the cavity. Methods of measuring the mode structure are given. Results of these measurements with varying degrees of mode control are described in detail. Under some conditions it is possible to obtain essentially single mode behavior from the giant pulse laser.
<title>Photoinduced electron transfer from conducting polymers onto Buckminsterfullerene</title> (1993)

Experimental evidence of electron transfer from photo-excited conjugated polymers onto C<SUB>60</SUB> is reported. Photoinduced optical absorption, photoinduced electron spin resonance, and quenching of the photoluminescence in conducting polymers interacting with C<SUB>60</SUB> imply that charge transfer from the excited state of the conducting polymer to C<SUB>60</SUB> occurs on a picosecond time scale. The charge-separated state in composite films is metastable at low temperatures. Rectifying bilayer heterojunctions (diodes) have been fabricated using semiconducting polymers and C<SUB>60</SUB>; rectification ratios in the current vs. voltage characteristics exceed 10<SUP>4</SUP>. When illuminated, the devices act as photodiodes and exhibit photovoltaic response as a result of photoinduced charge separation across the heterojunction interface from the semiconducting polymer (donor) onto the C<SUB>60</SUB> (acceptor). The photodiode and photovoltaic responses are characterized. The results are discussed in terms of opportunities for solar energy conversion, for photodiode detector devices, and for a variety of other applications which use photoinduced intermolecular charge separation.
Role of antibody valency in hapten-heterologous immunoassays (1993)

We studied the effects of hapten heterology on immunoassays of triiodothyronine (T3), digoxin, and cortisol, in a format involving labeled monoclonal antibodies and immobilized, protein-conjugated ligands. Replacing the homologous conjugated ligands T3, digoxin, and cortisol with their respective analogs diiodothyronine, digitoxin, and corticosterone led in each case to a decrease in the midpoint of displacement (ED50) for the same zero-dose signal. The mechanism of this phenomenon was studied by converting the bivalent anti-T3 to a monovalent whole antibody (bispecific monoclonal anti-T3 x anti-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) by cell fusion. The monovalent antibody was effective as a tracer in the homologous T3 assay, but generated a very low zero-dose signal with the heterologous solid phase, thus precluding sensitivity enhancement. On the basis of these results and additional kinetic and double-labeling experiments, we propose that the use of hapten heterology relies on bivalent binding of the antibody to the solid phase to compensate for a lower intrinsic affinity. This binding mechanism leads to lower assay concentrations of the ternary complex analyte-labeled antibody-immobilized hapten, thereby providing enhanced sensitivity.
Learning-Induced Survival of New Neurons Depends on the Cognitive Status of Aged Rats (2007)

Aging is accompanied by an alteration of spatial memory, which has been related to an alteration in hippocampal plasticity. Within the dentate gyrus, new neurons are generated throughout the entire life of an individual. This neurogenesis seems to play a role in hippocampal-mediated learning and learning-induced changes in neurogenesis have been proposed to be involved in memory. However, in aged rats, little is known on the influence of learning on the early development of the adult-born neurons and on the possible involvement of learning-induced changes in neurogenesis in age-related memory deficits. To address this issue, we took advantage of the existence of spontaneous individual differences for performances observed in aged subjects in the water maze. In this task, learning can be divided into two phases, an early phase during which performances quickly improve, and a late phase during which asymptotic levels of performances are reached. We show that the influence of spatial learning on the survival of the newly born cells depends on their birth date and the memory abilities of the aged rats. In aged rats with preserved spatial memory, learning increases the survival of cells generated before learning whereas it decreases survival of cells produced during the early phase of learning. These results highlight the importance of learning-induced changes in adult-born cell survival in memory. Furthermore, they provide new insights on the possible neural mechanisms of aging of cognitive functions and show that an alteration to the steps leading to neurogenesis may be involved in the determination of individual memory abilities.
Learning to recognize people in a smart environment (2011)

In this paper, we address the problem of online learning to recognize people from visual appearances, a prerequisite step towards building a fully intelligent and context-aware smart environment. While the trajectories of tracked individuals are responsible for producing samples to the appearance signature learning process, it is highly risky to directly label these appearance samples with tracker IDs, due to possible tracker switches and temporary tracker losses. Through the exploration of trajectory fidelity in terms of temporal continuity and spatial locality, we show that the side information from tracking, in the form of pairwise constraints, such as “must-link” and “cannot-link”, could significantly benefit signature learning. Furthermore, to learn and update an online identity signature pool, a two-step approach is proposed: 1) a data clustering step based on spectral kernel learning with pairwise constraints, and 2) a large-margin based discriminative signature model learning step. A real-world setup in a smart office environment is used to evaluate the performance of the learning paradigm. Consistent recognition of individuals from live videos verifies the efficacy and effectiveness of our proposal.
Nitrile Ylide Dimerization:  Investigation of the Carbene Reactivity of Nitrile Ylides (2004)

A series of novel hexaaryl diazatrienes 5 ("nitrile ylide dimers") were synthesized directly from the corresponding diaryl ketimines 12 and dichlorotoluenes 13 in a facile one-pot synthesis. The carbene character of the nitrile ylides was investigated by varying the substituents on the aromatic ring adjacent to the carbene center. The isolation of the corresponding carbene dimers as stable crystalline materials with absorption maxima (lambda(max)) from 363 to 422 nm was shown to be promoted by the absence of strongly electron-withdrawing substituents. The crystal structures indicate that the E-isomers were isolated when phenyl, 3-methylphenyl, and 3-chlorophenyl substituents are present at the carbene carbon; the Z-isomer was isolated when the more sterically hindered 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl substituent (Mes) is present. The (1)H NMR spectra of the E-isomers demonstrate the nonequivalence of the aromatic rings, in which two of the aromatic rings of the imine moiety are pseudoaxial and the remaining aromatic rings are pseudoequatorial. The reactions proceed via the intermediate nitrile ylides 1 generated by the base-promoted 1,1-elimination of HCl from the intermediate chloroimine 14. The nitrile ylide was also generated by 1,3-elimination of HCl from the imidoyl chloride 18, confirming common pathways via the nitrile ylide as the dimer products obtained from these different routes were identical. The strongly electron-withdrawing 4-nitrophenyl substituent promotes the linear carbanion character of the 1,3-dipole and no dimer is formed.
GaN electronics with high electron mobility transistors (2004)

The III-nitrides AlN, GaN, and InN alloys are expected to be basis of a strong development of a novel family of semiconductor devices, for optoelectronics as well as for electronics, GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have shown superior power handling and operating temperatures at frequency ranges that are beyond the limits of devices fabricated from Si and other III-V materials. This paper presents the state-of-the-art GaN HEMT technology and describes the potentials for the future.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of Bis(oxo/thiophosphinic)diamido Yttrium Complexes and Their Application as Initiators for Lactide Ring-Opening Polymerization (2007)

The syntheses, structures, and lactide polymerization initiation are reported for a series of novel [{N,N‘-1,3-bis(P,P‘-di-isopropyloxophosphinic)-2,2-dimethylpropylenediamido}(amido)yttrium] complexes and contrasted with [{N,N‘-1,3-bis(P,P‘-di-isopropylthiophosphinic)-2,2-dimethylamido}{bis(trimethylsilyl)amido}yttrium]. The syntheses of the novel [{N,N‘-1,3-bis(P,P‘-di-isopropyloxo/thiophosphinic)-2,2-dimethylpropylenediamido}(amido)yttrium] complexes were achieved in excellent yields by reaction of the N,N‘-1,3-bis(P,P‘-di-isopropyloxo/thiophosphinic)-2,2-dimethylpropylenediamine ligands with [Y(NR2)3·xTHF] (R = SiMe3, SiMe2H, i-Pr, x = 0, 2). The new complexes were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopies, elemental analyses, and for R = SiMe2H X-ray crystallography. The solution and solid-state structures were compared using 2D NMR techniques and in particular using pulsed gradient spin echo spectroscopy (PGSE) to derive the solution hydrodynamic radius and compare it to that calculated from the X-ray crystal structure: the [{N,N‘-bis(P,P‘-di-isopropyloxophosphinic)-2,2-dimethylpropylenediamido}(amido)yttrium] complexes were all dimeric in both the solid state and solution. They showed unusual structures where each ligand has one oxophosphinic group bonded to a single yttrium center and one oxophosphinic group bonded to two yttrium centers. The new complexes were tested as lactide polymerization initiators; they all showed very high activities. The degree of polymerization control exerted by the novel initiators was related to the size of the initiating amide group and the structure of the complex.
<i>All-trans</i>-Retinoic Acid Improves Differentiation of Myeloid Cells and Immune Response in Cancer Patients (2006)

Abnormal dendritic cell differentiation and accumulation of immature myeloid suppressor cells (ImC) is one of the major mechanisms of tumor escape. We tested the possibility of pharmacologic regulation of myeloid cell differentiation using all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Eighteen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma were treated with ATRA followed by s.c. interleukin 2 (IL-2). Eight healthy individuals comprised a control group. As expected, the cancer patients had substantially elevated levels of ImC. We observed that ATRA dramatically reduced the number of ImC. This effect was observed only in patients with high plasma concentration of ATRA (>150 ng/mL), but not in patients with lower ATRA concentrations (<135 ng/mL). Effects of ATRA on the proportions of different dendritic cell populations were minor. However, ATRA significantly improved myeloid/lymphoid dendritic cell ratio and the ability of patients' mononuclear cells to stimulate allogeneic T cells. This effect was associated with significant improvement of tetanus-toxoid-specific T-cell response. During the IL-2 treatment, the ATRA effect was completely eliminated. To assess the role of IL-2, specimens from 15 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who had been treated with i.v. IL-2 alone were analyzed. In this group also, IL-2 significantly reduced the number and function of dendritic cells as well as T-cell function. These data indicate that ATRA at effective concentrations eliminated ImC, improved myeloid/lymphoid dendritic cell ratio, dendritic cell function, and antigen-specific T-cell response. ATRA treatment did not result in significant toxicity and it could be tested in therapeutic combination with cancer vaccines.
Bluetongue Virus Nonstructural Protein NS3/NS3a Is Not Essential for Virus Replication (2014)

Orbiviruses form the largest genus of the family Reoviridae consisting of at least 23 different virus species. One of these is the bluetongue virus (BTV) and causes severe hemorrhagic disease in ruminants, and is transmitted by bites of Culicoides midges. BTV is a non-enveloped virus which is released from infected cells by cell lysis and/or a unique budding process induced by nonstructural protein NS3/NS3a encoded by genome segment 10 (Seg-10). Presence of both NS3 and NS3a is highly conserved in Culicoides borne orbiviruses which is suggesting an essential role in virus replication. We used reverse genetics to generate BTV mutants to study the function of NS3/NS3a in virus replication. Initially, BTV with small insertions in Seg-10 showed no CPE but after several passages these BTV mutants reverted to CPE phenotype comparable to wtBTV, and NS3/NS3a expression returned by repair of the ORF. These results show that there is a strong selection for functional NS3/NS3a. To abolish NS3 and/or NS3a expression, Seg-10 with one or two mutated start codons (mutAUG1, mutAUG2 and mutAUG1+2) were used to generate BTV mutants. Surprisingly, all three BTV mutants were generated and the respective AUG(Met)→GCC(Ala) mutations were maintained. The lack of expression of NS3, NS3a, or both proteins was confirmed by westernblot analysis and immunostaining of infected cells with NS3/NS3a Mabs. Growth of mutAUG1 and mutAUG1+2 virus in BSR cells was retarded in both insect and mammalian cells, and particularly virus release from insect cells was strongly reduced. Our findings now enable research on the role of RNA sequences of Seg-10 independent of known gene products, and on the function of NS3/NS3a proteins in both types of cells as well as in the host and insect vector.
Graph expansion and communication costs of fast matrix multiplication (2011)

The communication cost of algorithms (also known as I/O-complexity) is shown to be closely related to the expansion properties of the corresponding computation graphs. We demonstrate this on Strassen's and other fast matrix multiplication algorithms, and obtain the first lower bounds on their communication costs. For sequential algorithms these bounds are attainable and so optimal.
Performance analysis of various video compression standards (2016)

In recent few decades, digital video compression technologies have become an necessity for the creation, communication and consumption of visual information. A video is composed of a large number of still images, and since images are taken at relatively short time distance, the two neighboring images are similar. It is known fact, that there is strong correlation between the adjacent images or frames. This correlation in the time direction is called the interframe correlation. This interframe correlation can be exploited and efficiently reduced to achieve compression. Out of the different compression techniques used for video data, the Lossy techniques provide high compression ratios. However, it must be kept in mind that, one has to compromise on video quality to have a lower data size (therefore computational time). As the compression ratio increases the size decreases and the quality degrades. The encoding at the server side and decoding at the receiver side also require computational resources, which have to be taken into consideration. In this paper we will compare some video compression standards against each other on the basis of bit rate required, size and quality of video.
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in an Ideal Plasma (1996)

A process analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency in atoms is described for an ideal plasma. Two electromagnetic fields whose frequency difference is near, but not equal, to the plasma frequency will drive a longitudinal plasma oscillation whose contribution to the current density opposes the current density produced by either field, if alone. This creates a passband at frequencies which would otherwise be below cutoff.
Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Mitral Valve Surgery: From Port-Access Towards a Totally Endoscopic Procedure (2000)

Port-Access mitral valve surgery can be a valid alternative to conventional sternotomy and seems to be an important improvement in minimally invasive cardiac surgery.
TNF‐alpha Induction by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Lipopolysaccharide or Slime‐glycolipoprotein in Human Monocytes is Regulated at the Level of Mitogen‐activated Protein Kinase Activity: A Distinct Role of Toll‐like Receptor 2 and 4 (2007)

TNF-alpha production has a central role in the development and progression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septic shock. We have previously shown that P. aeruginosa slime-glycolipoprotein (slime-GLP) is the most potent stimulant compared to P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS), for TNF-alpha production and NF-kB activation in human monocytes. Herein, we show that secretion of TNF-alpha by fresh human monocytes, induced by P. aeruginosa slime-GLP, LPS or viable bacteria, was paralleled by phosphorylation and/or activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) ERK1/2, p38 as well as c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase. TNF-alpha levels were significantly reduced by ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059), or p38 inhibitor (SB203580). Combination of both inhibitors almost abolished TNF-alpha induction. Pseudomonas aeruginosa slime-GLP differed from the P. aeruginosa-LPS only regarding the strength of p38 and ERK1/2 activation, with slime-GLP leading to a stronger activation of p38 and ERK1/2. Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4 for phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 was shown using specific blocking anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 antibodies. Activation of both p38 and ERK1/2 induced by P. aeruginosa slime-GLP was dramatically reduced in the presence of anti-TLR2 and to a lesser degree in the presence of anti-TLR4, whereas the P. aeruginosa-LPS-induced stimulation was inhibited only in the presence of anti-TLR4. Our data show that P. aeruginosa viable bacteria, through slime-GLP, stimulate specific members of the MAPKs more efficiently than the P. aeruginosa-LPS, involving mainly TLR2.
Simultaneous dual isotope studies in the diagnosis of infection. (1985)

A simultaneous dual isotope technique incorporating computer subtraction for the diagnosis of bone, joint, or soft-tissue infection using [67Ga]citrate and [99mTc]MDP or sulfur colloid is described. Comparison of this technique with visual congruence or noncongruence of the two radionuclide images in 41 patients shows that the two techniques have identical sensitivity (93%) and specificity (92%) but the computer technique gave additional information in 17% of all cases (44% of abnormals) concerning the anatomic location of the infective focus which aided in the subsequent surgical management of the patient.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination Boosts Neutralizing Activity Against Seasonal Human Coronaviruses (2022)

Heterologous COVID-19 vaccination may confer some cross-protection against endemic seasonal coronaviruses.