gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DEC ECC design to improve memory reliability in Sub-100nm technologies (2008)

Exacerbated SRAM reliability issues, due to soft errors and increased process variations in sub-100 nm technologies, limit the efficacy of conventionally used error correcting codes (ECC). The double error correcting (DEC) BCH codes have not found favorable application in SRAMs due to non-alignment of their block sizes to typical memory word widths and particularly due to the large multi-cycle latency of traditional iterative decoding algorithms. This work presents DEC code design that is aligned to typical memory word widths and a parallel decoding implementation approach that operates on complete memory words in a single cycle. The practicality of this approach is demonstrated through ASIC implementations, in which it incurs only 1.4 ns and 2.2 ns decoding latencies for 16- and 64-bit words, respectively, using 90 nm ASIC technology. A comparative analysis between conventionally used ECC and DEC ECC for reliability gains and costs incurred has also been performed.
Use of the extended BBCH scale—general for the descriptions of the growth stages of mono; and dicotyledonous weed species (1997)

Summary The extended BBCH scale is a system for a uniform coding of phenologicaliy similar growth stages of all mono‐ and dicotyledonous plant species, based on the well known cereal code of Zadoks et al. (1974). The BBCH key is it decimal system, with 10 principal growth stages and up to 10 secondary ones, starting with seed germination, sprouting of perennials, progressing through leaf production and extension growth to flowering and senescence. Therefore, it can also be a suitable tool to define the growth stages of different weed species. To encourage further use of the BBCH scale in weed research, definitions of the codes have been more closely adapted to weeds. Possible problems are discussed and guidelines for correct use are given.
Determination of the cathode fall voltage in fluorescent lamps by measurement of the operating voltage (2002)

A new method for the determination of the cathode fall voltage of fluorescent lamps is shown. The cathode fall voltage can be determined by measurement of the lamp operating voltage at constant lamp wall temperature, constant discharge current and variation of the electrode heating current. Commercial lamps, which do not need to be specially prepared, can be used for the measurement. The results show good correlation to other measurements of the cathode fall voltage at various discharge currents by means of capacitive coupling. The measured values of the cathode fall voltage are used for determining the minimum, target and maximum setting of the sum of the squares of the pin currents of one electrode (the so-called SOS value) as a function of the discharge current in fluorescent lamp dimming.
Developing idiotype vaccines for lymphoma: from preclinical studies to phase III clinical trials (2008)

Therapeutic vaccines for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) using the clonal tumour immunoglobulin idiotype (Id) have been under development for more than three decades. A major obstacle for rapid progress in the field has been that the Id vaccine is patient-specific and required the generation of a custom-made product. The manufacturing issues were recently overcome by advances in hybridoma and recombinant DNA technology which facilitated the completion of several phase I and II clinical trials. The strong immunogenicity and apparent clinical benefit observed on the early phase studies led to the initiation of three randomized phase III clinical trials that are also nearing completion. This review will focus on the development of Id vaccines before and after the introduction of rituximab for the treatment of B-cell NHL and also discuss potential strategies to enhance the efficacy of active immunotherapy in the future.
Bipolar static induction transistor (BSIT) static model (2002)

A static model of the static induction transistor operated in the bipolar mode (BSIT) is developed. The model is based on the high-level-injection operation of the gate-to-channel junction. The minority carrier distribution in the epitaxial layer is derived and also the electrical field and the potential distribution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Blood transcriptome based biomarkers for human circadian phase (2017)

Diagnosis and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders both require assessment of circadian phase of the brain's circadian pacemaker. The gold-standard univariate method is based on collection of a 24-hr time series of plasma melatonin, a suprachiasmatic nucleus-driven pineal hormone. We developed and validated a multivariate whole-blood mRNA-based predictor of melatonin phase which requires few samples. Transcriptome data were collected under normal, sleep-deprivation and abnormal sleep-timing conditions to assess robustness of the predictor. Partial least square regression (PLSR), applied to the transcriptome, identified a set of 100 biomarkers primarily related to glucocorticoid signaling and immune function. Validation showed that PLSR-based predictors outperform published blood-derived circadian phase predictors. When given one sample as input, the R<sup>2</sup> of predicted vs observed phase was 0.74, whereas for two samples taken 12 hr apart, R<sup>2</sup> was 0.90. This blood transcriptome-based model enables assessment of circadian phase from a few samples.
Trustworthy Computing under Resource Constraints with the DOWN Policy (2008)

Trustworthy computing modules like secure coprocessors (ScP) are already in extensive use today, albeit limited predominantly to scenarios where constraints on cost is not a serious limiting factor. However, inexpensive trustworthy computers are required for many evolving application scenarios. The problem of realizing inexpensive ScPs for large-scale networks consisting of low-complexity devices have not received adequate consideration thus far. We introduce two strategies toward realizing low-cost ScPs. The first is the decrypt only when necessary (DOWN) policy, which can substantially improve the ability of low-cost ScPs to protect their secrets. The DOWN policy relies on the ability to operate with fractional parts of secrets. Taking full advantage of the DOWN policy requires consideration of the nature of computations performed with secrets and even the mechanisms employed for distribution of secrets. We discuss the feasibility of extending the DOWN policy to various asymmetric and symmetric cryptographic primitives. The second is cryptographic authentication strategies which employ only symmetric cryptographic primitives, based on novel ID-based key predistribution schemes that demand very low complexity of operations to be performed by the ScP and can take good advantage of the DOWN policy.
Wake impacts on downstream wind turbine performance and yaw alignment (2012)

ABSTRACT Aerodynamic wake interaction between commercial scale wind turbines can be a significant source of power losses and increased fatigue loads across a wind farm. Significant research has been dedicated to the study of wind turbine wakes and wake model development. This paper profiles influential wake regions for an onshore wind farm using 6 months of recorded SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) data. An average wind velocity deficit of over 30% was observed corresponding to power coefficient losses of 0.2 in the wake region. Wind speed fluctuations are also quantified for an array of turbines, inferring an increase in turbulence within the wake region. A study of yaw data within the array showed turbine nacelle misalignment under a range of downstream wake angles, indicating a characteristic of wind turbine behaviour not generally considered in wake studies. The turbines yaw independently in order to capture the increased wind speeds present due to the lateral influx of turbulent wind, contrary to many experimental and simulation methods found in the literature. Improvements are suggested for wind farm control strategies that may improve farm‐wide power output. Additionally, possible causes for wind farm wake model overestimation of wake losses are proposed.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inducible Azole Resistance Associated with a Heterogeneous Phenotype in <i>Candida albicans</i> (2001)

The development of azole resistance in Candida albicans is most problematic in patients with AIDS who receive long courses of drug for therapy or prevention of oral candidiasis. Recently, the rapid development of resistance was noted in other immunosuppressed patients who developed disseminated candidiasis despite fluconazole prophylaxis. One of these series of C. albicans isolates became resistant, with an associated increase in mRNA specific for a CDR ATP-binding cassette transporter efflux pump (K. A. Marr, C. N. Lyons, T. R. Rustad, R. A. Bowden, and T. C. White, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:2584-2589, 1998). Here we study this series of C. albicans isolates further and examine the mechanism of azole resistance in a second series of C. albicans isolates that caused disseminated infection in a recipient of bone marrow transplantation. The susceptible isolates in both series become resistant to fluconazole after serial growth in the presence of drug, while the resistant isolates in both series become susceptible after serial transfer in the absence of drug. Population analysis of the inducible, transiently resistant isolates reveals a heterogeneous population of fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant cells. We conclude that the rapid development of azole resistance occurs by a mechanism that involves selection of a resistant clone from a heterogeneous population of cells.
Image Question Answering using Convolutional Neural Network with Dynamic Parameter Prediction (2015)

We tackle image question answering (ImageQA) problem by learning a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a dynamic parameter layer whose weights are determined adaptively based on questions. For the adaptive parameter prediction, we employ a separate parameter prediction network, which consists of gated recurrent unit (GRU) taking a question as its input and a fully-connected layer generating a set of candidate weights as its output. However, it is challenging to construct a parameter prediction network for a large number of parameters in the fully-connected dynamic parameter layer of the CNN. We reduce the complexity of this problem by incorporating a hashing technique, where the candidate weights given by the parameter prediction network are selected using a predefined hash function to determine individual weights in the dynamic parameter layer. The proposed network---joint network with the CNN for ImageQA and the parameter prediction network---is trained end-to-end through back-propagation, where its weights are initialized using a pre-trained CNN and GRU. The proposed algorithm illustrates the state-of-the-art performance on all available public ImageQA benchmarks.
Combined rotating-element electric-field vector method for calibration of large-scale phased array antenna (2007)

Based on the classic rotating-element electric-field vector(REV) method,a new combined REV method is proposed for the calibration of largescale phase array.The method synchronously rotates the sources' phases of more than one element,and makes the signal vary more significantly.The error estimation and simulated results indicate that the new method improved the precision of measurement and effect of calibration.
COMPASS: Continuous Open Mouse Phenotyping of Activity and Sleep Status (2017)

<b>Background </b> Disruption of rhythms in activity and rest occur in many diseases, and provide an important indicator of healthy physiology and behaviour. However, outside the field of sleep and circadian rhythm research, these rhythmic processes are rarely measured due to the requirement for specialised resources and expertise. Until recently, the primary approach to measuring activity in laboratory rodents has been based on voluntary running wheel activity. By contrast, measuring sleep requires the use of electroencephalography (EEG), which involves invasive surgical procedures and time-consuming data analysis. <b>Methods</b> Here we describe a simple, non-invasive system to measure home cage activity in mice based upon passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors. Careful calibration of this system will allow users to simultaneously assess sleep status in mice. The use of open-source tools and simple sensors keeps the cost and the size of data-files down, in order to increase ease of use and uptake. <b>Results</b> In addition to providing accurate data on circadian activity parameters, here we show that extended immobility of >40 seconds provides a reliable indicator of sleep, correlating well with EEG-defined sleep (Pearson's r >0.95, 4 mice). <b>Conclusions</b> Whilst any detailed analysis of sleep patterns in mice will require EEG, behaviourally-defined sleep provides a valuable non-invasive means of simultaneously phenotyping both circadian rhythms and sleep. Whilst previous approaches have relied upon analysis of video data, here we show that simple motion sensors provide a cheap and effective alternative, enabling real-time analysis and longitudinal studies extending over weeks or even months. The data files produced are small, enabling easy deposition and sharing. We have named this system COMPASS - Continuous Open Mouse Phenotyping of Activity and Sleep Status. This simple approach is of particular value in phenotyping screens as well as providing an ideal tool to assess activity and rest cycles for non-specialists.
On Mechanical Modeling of Cantilevered Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters (2008)

Cantilevered beams with piezoceramic (PZT) layers are the most commonly investigated type of vibration energy harvesters. A frequently used modeling approach is the single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) modeling of the harvester beam as it allows simple expressions for the electrical outputs. In the literature, since the base excitation on the harvester beam is assumed to be harmonic, the well known SDOF relation is employed for mathematical modeling. In this study, it is shown that the commonly accepted SDOF harmonic base excitation relation may yield highly inaccurate results for predicting the motion of cantilevered beams and bars. First, the response of a cantilevered Euler—Bernoulli beam to general base excitation given in terms of translation and small rotation is reviewed where more sophisticated damping models are considered. Then, the error in the SDOF model is shown and correction factors are derived for improving the SDOF harmonic base excitation model both for transverse and longitudinal vibrations. The formal way of treating the components of mechanical damping is also discussed. After deriving simple expressions for the electrical outputs of the PZT in open-circuit conditions, relevance of the electrical outputs to vibration mode shapes and the electrode locations is investigated and the issue of strain nodes is addressed.
A novel antibody for human induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells recognizes a type of keratan sulfate lacking oversulfated structures (2012)

We have generated a monoclonal antibody (R-10G) specific to human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS)/embryonic stem (hES) cells by using hiPS cells (Tic) as an antigen, followed by differential screening of mouse hybridomas with hiPS and human embryonal carcinoma (hEC) cells. Upon western blotting with R-10G, hiPS/ES cell lysates gave a single but an unusually diffuse band at a position corresponding to >250 kDa. The antigen protein was isolated from the induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lysates with an affinity column of R-10G. The R-10G positive band was resistant to digestion with peptide N-glycanase F (PNGase F), neuraminidase, fucosidase, chondrotinase ABC and heparinase mix, but it disappeared almost completely on digestion with keratanase, keratanase II and endo-β-galactosidase, indicating that the R-10G epitope is a keratan sulfate. The carrier protein of the R-10G epitope was identified as podocalyxin by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis of the R-10G positive-protein band material obtained on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The R-10G epitope is a type of keratan sulfate with some unique properties. (1) The epitope is expressed only on hiPS/ES cells, i.e. not on hEC cells, unlike those recognized by the conventional hiPS/ES marker antibodies. (2) The epitope is a type of keratan sulfate lacking oversulfated structures and is not immunologically cross-reactive with high-sulfated keratan sulfate. (3) The R-10G epitope is distributed heterogeneously on hiPS cells, suggesting that a single colony of undifferentiated hiPS cells consists of different cell subtypes. Thus, R-10G is a novel antibody recognizing hiPS/ES cells, and should be a new molecular probe for disclosing the roles of glycans on these cells.
Microbial inactivation properties of a new antimicrobial/antithrombotic catheter lock solution (citrate/methylene blue/parabens) (2009)

The new multicomponent lock solution has strong antimicrobial properties against both planktonic and sessile microorganisms. By comparison, heparin with preservative has weak antibacterial properties against planktonic and biofilm bacteria. The tested catheter lock may have usefulness in preventing bacterial colonization of haemodialysis catheters and diminishing the incidence of catheter-related bacteraemia.
Life Satisfaction and Frequency of Doctor Visits (2013)

Higher life satisfaction is associated with fewer doctor visits, which may have important implications for reducing health care costs.
Reflection by a grating: Rayleigh methods (1981)

The Rayleigh methods used in the theory of reflection by a grating have been investigated numerically. The errors made in the power balance and the integrated-square errors made in the fulfillment of the boundary conditions are considered. Only the integrated-square error is a sufficient check for the convergence of our numerical results. The validity of the so-called Rayleigh hypothesis has been confirmed numerically. The minimization of these integrated-square errors leads to a method of general validity; in this method the results are always convergent, and the errors made in the power balance are of the same order as the integrated-square errors in the boundary conditions.
Credit Token based Rental Protocol for Dynamic Channel Allocation (2006)

This paper describes a distributed, cooperative and real time rental protocol for DCA operations in a multi system and multi cell context for OFDMA systems. A credit token based rental protocol using auctioning is proposed in support of dynamic spectrum sharing between cells. The proposed scheme can be tuned adaptively as a function of the context by specifying the credit tokens usage in the radio etiquette. The application of the rental protocol is illustrated with an ascending bid auctioning. The paper also describes two approaches for BS-BS communications in support of the rental protocol. Finally, it is described how the proposed mechanisms contribute to the current approaches followed in the IEEE 802.16h and IEEE 802.22 standards efforts addressing cognitive radio
Co-processing of Carbohydrates and Lipids in Oil Crops To Produce a Hybrid Biodiesel (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCo-processing of Carbohydrates and Lipids in Oil Crops To Produce a Hybrid BiodieselMark Mascal* and Edward B. NikitinView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Bioenergy Research Group, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Energy Fuels 2010, 24, 3, 2170–2171Publication Date (Web):February 12, 2010Publication History Received11 November 2009Revised5 February 2010Published online12 February 2010Published inissue 18 March 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef9013373https://doi.org/10.1021/ef9013373rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1136Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biodiesel,Carbohydrates,Fossil fuels,Lipids,Mixtures Get e-Alerts
Agricultural incomes and the CAP (2000)

Concern with the living standards of farmers is central to the CAP yet it demonstrates the muddled objectives, inappropriate indicators and misdirected interventions that are the stuff of analysts’ worst nightmares. As a consequence, the performance of the CAP in terms of this fundamental aim has, in all likelihood, been very poor. Attempts to reorientate the CAP to be more in line with its declared objectives face enormous vested interests in the agricultural industry and among policy‐makers.
Anthocyanin Color Behavior and Stability during Storage:  Effect of Intermolecular Copigmentation (2002)

Intermolecular copigmentation reactions are significantly responsible for the manifold color expression of fruits, berries, and their products. These reactions were investigated with five anthocyanins and five phenolic acids acting as copigments. The stability of the pigment-copigment complexes formed was studied during a storage period of 6 months. The study was conducted using a UV-visible spectrophotometer to monitor the hyperchromic effect and the bathochromic shift of the complexes. The greatest copigmentation reactions took place in malvidin 3-glucoside solutions. The strongest copigments for all anthocyanins were ferulic and rosmarinic acids. The immediate reaction of rosmarinic acid with malvidin 3-glucoside resulted in the biggest bathochromic shift (19 nm) and the strongest hyperchromic effect, increasing the color intensity by 260%. The color induced by rosmarinic acid was not very stable. The color intensity of pelargonidin 3-glucoside increased greatly throughout the storage period with the addition of ferulic and caffeic acids.
Evaluation of paclitaxel in adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with operable breast cancer: preliminary data of a prospective randomized trial. (2002)

Preliminary results suggest that the addition of paclitaxel to a FAC regimen of adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy may further reduce the risk of disease recurrence; however, differences were not statistically significant. At the time of this analysis, there have been 47 deaths. The survival data are too preliminary to permit meaningful evaluation of the impact of paclitaxel on mortality.