gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Color TV Display Using 8-Inch Pulse Discharge Panel with Internal Memory (1984)

走査線1000本以上の高品位テレビ用平面形カラーディスプレイを放電形パネルで実現するためには, パネルにメモリー機能を持たせるとともに, 応答速度を速くすることが必要である.今回, 8形サイズの試作パネル (160×126セル) にパルスメモリー方式を採用し, メモリーマージン, 安定性, 応答速度, 輝度ともに高品位テレビに充分対応できることを確認した.また, 現行テレビ放送の信号を用いたカラーテレビ表示実験を行った結果, 効率, 輝度がそれぞれ0.341 m/W, 40 fLと, 従来のものに比べて大幅に改善された.このとき用いた映像信号の階調は256レベルである.
Disposition of 1,2-[14C]Dibromoethane in male Wistar rats. (1998)

In this study the disposition of 1,2-[14C]dibromoethane (1, 2-[14C]DBE) was investigated in male Wistar rats. 1,2-DBE is a cytotoxic and carcinogenic compound that has been used as an additive in leaded gasoline and as a fumigant. 1,2-[14C]DBE was administered orally or iv. Radioactivity was recovered (mostly within 48 hr after administration) in urine (75-82% of the dose), feces (3.2-4% of the dose), and expired air (0.53-7.2% of the dose). One hundred-sixty-eight hours after administration of 1,2-[14C]DBE, most of the radioactivity in tissues was found in the liver, lungs, and kidneys (<1% of the dose) and the red blood cells (0.3% of the dose). Identified urinary metabolites were S-(2-hydroxyethyl)mercapturic acid, thiodiacetic acid, and thiodiacetic acid sulfoxide, together accounting for, on average, 78% of the total amount of radioactivity in urine. In addition to S-(2-hydroxyethyl)mercapturic acid, thiodiacetic acid, and thiodiacetic acid sulfoxide, several compounds were anticipated as potential urinary metabolites of 1,2-DBE, i.e. S-(carboxymethyl)mercapturic acid, S-(2-hydroxyethyl)thioacetic acid, S-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiopyruvic acid, S-(carboxymethyl)thiopyruvic acid, S-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiolactic acid, and S-(carboxymethyl)thiolactic acid. All of the postulated urinary metabolites were synthesized and searched for in urine samples. None of these metabolites could be detected in urine, however. The data obtained in the present study might be useful for risk assessment and biomonitoring studies of 1,2-DBE and will also be used to further validate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for 1, 2-DBE in rats and humans that was recently developed.
Recent progress in homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts for the transformation of hemicellulose and cellulose into valuable chemicals, fuels, and nanocellulose (2018)

Abstract The evolution from petroleum-based products to the bio-based era by using renewable resources is one of the main research challenges in the coming years. Lignocellulosic biomass, consisting of inedible plant material, has emerged as a potential alternative for the production of biofuels, biochemicals, and nanocellulose-based advanced materials. The lignocellulosic biomass, which consists mainly of carbohydrate-based polysaccharides (hemicellulose and cellulose), is a green intermediate for the synthesis of bio-based products. In recent years, the re-engineering of biomass into a variety of commodity chemicals and liquid fuels by using Lewis acid catalysts has attracted much attention. Much research has been focused on developing new chemical strategies for the valorization of different biomass components. Homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts seem to be one of the most promising catalysts due to their astonishing features such as being less corrosive to equipment and being friendlier to the environment, as well as having the ability to disrupt the bonding system effectively and having high selectivity. Thus, these catalysts have emerged as important tools for the highly selective transformation of biomass components into valuable chemicals and fuels. This review provides an insightful overview of the most important recent developments in homogeneous Lewis acid catalysis toward the production and upgrading of biomass. The chemical valorization of the main components of lignocellulosic biomass (hemicellulose and cellulose), the reaction conditions, and process mechanisms are reviewed.
Inversion for heat anomaly transport from sea surface temperature time series in the northwest Pacific (1995)

We describe a heat anomaly transport in the upper ocean mixed layer in the Kuroshio extension region and the subtropical gyre of the northwest Pacific. Emphasis is on behavior in the cool season (December‐March) during the Asian Winter Monsoon. The heat anomaly transport is estimated by applying an inversion technique to the stochastic partial differential equation for the heat anomaly balance of advection, diffusion, stabilizing feedback, and atmospheric forcing. The inversion consists of (1) derivation of statistical parametric model from the heat anomaly balance equation; (2) fitting the derived statistical model to the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly covariances; and (3) calculation of the heat anomaly net advection velocity, horizontal diffusion coefficient, feedback factor and atmospheric forcing correlation from the parameters of the evaluated statistical model. The inversion was applied to the Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set Compressed Marine Reports SST data averaged at 1° latitude × 2° longitude boxes on a 10‐day mean basis from 1965 to 1990. The estimates of the net advection velocity are consistent in magnitude and direction with the general circulation in the surface layer of the Northwest Pacific in winter. SST anomalies are transported to the west at ∼0.15 m s −1 in the northern part of the North Equatorial Current. Between 21° and 29°N in the recirculating region, SST anomalies propagate westward with the mean velocity less than 0.1 m s −1 . South and east of Honshu the observed pattern of the SST anomaly transport agrees broadly with the circulations of the Kuroshio current and its extension and the Oyashio current. South of Honshu, the eastward transport is about 200–300 km wide; its absolute velocity is up to 0.2 m s −1 . One branch of the transport separates from the coast near the large meander path of the Kuroshio current and follows the east‐southeast direction. The second separation from the coast occurs south of Hokkaido. Over the analysis domain the estimates of the diffusion coefficient are in the range of 3×10 3 to 6×10 3 m 2 s −1 . The higher values of the diffusion coefficient confirm the enhancement of the mesoscale eddy processes near the subtropical convergence zone. The analysis supports Hasselmann's (1976) theory in which generation of midlatitude SST anomalies lasting the dominant timescale of atmospheric processes is primarily attributed to the short period stochastic weather forcing. However, the analysis indicates that the inertia of SST anomalies to their “memory” of earlier winds can not be neglected in the vicinity of the western boundary and in the tropics.
Crosslinked Sodium Cellulose Sulfate as a Highly Absorbent Material. (1993)

For the purpose of developing materials with high absorbency for electrolyte solutions, cellulose sulfate prepared by homogeneous reaction of dis-solving pulp with sulfur trioxide was reacted with glutar aldehyde in N, N-dimethylformamide and then neutralized with a aqueous sodium hydroxide to give cross linked sodium cellulose sulfate(CCS). In the crosslinking reaction, the degree of substitution(DS) of the cellu lose sulfate decreased markedly with the reaction time. The CCS showed a high absorbency in deionized wa ter (1000 times as much as its own weight) in spite of its low DS of 0.2. Thus the absorbency toward deio nized water was more influenced by change in degree of crosslinking than that in DS. In 0.9wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution, the absorbency of the CCS was about 80 times of its own weight, corresponding to that of commercial crosslinked poly(sodium carboxylate)-type absorbents. In this case, the absorbency was more influenced by change in DS than that in degree of crosslinking. This result suggests that the CCS with higher DS values results in higher absorbency in aqueous electrolyte solutions.
An architecture to monitor QoS in a policy-based network (2003)

Policy-based management and QoS monitoring are both tasks related to the management of a modern QoS-enabled network. Although related to each other, these tasks are currently executed in a non integrated fashion. The paper presents an architecture that integrates policy-based management and QoS monitoring through the extension of the original IETF policy-based management architecture. The main advantage of using our proposed approach is that network administrators are freed to execute other tasks, while the QoS-enabled network is still monitored. Another advantage is that we are monitoring policies and verifying if they are respected in the network even after its deployment, which is a new feature absent in the IETF solution.
Automated Trend-Based Alerting Enhances Real-Time Hazard Avoidance (2017)

Abstract A method is presented to efficiently analyze drilling data using trend analysis to predict downhole hazards and allow proactive decision making. The workflow is a data-driven process that provides analysis on both real-time (RT) and historical drilling events. For RT application, the method provides the user with an alert functionality prior to the hazardous events occurring. This method is designed to augment the Real-Time Operation Center (RTOC) to provide additional layers of real-time predictive capabilities, historical hindsight, situational awareness, and hazard avoidance. A software program has been developed to incorporate the methodology into a real-time workflow. The core tenet of drilling hazard management (DHM) is process awareness, which is more relevant than ever in the industry. Routine activities such as daily drilling reports (DDR) analysis and manual RT data analysis such as planned versus actual (PVA) data are time consuming and not very efficient because they are highly dependent on the skill sets and experience of the personnel. By using a standardized automated trend analysis, time- or depth-based data can be analyzed to determine the risks and downhole hazards involved in the drilling and completion operations. This paper presents on-bottom analysis on historical wells to show how trend deviation is used to identify potential hazards before they occur. The trend analysis uses percent deviation for specific parameters, such as standpipe pressure, surface torque, flow rate and hookload, to alert the user when thresholds for normal operations have been exceeded. This logic was developed and validated using more than 50 wells throughout the world, and the logic's thresholds were calibrated from these test cases. Alerts are triggered only when criteria for specific hazards are met. This method champions hazards avoidance through prevention and ultimately reduces noproductive time (NPT) in well construction. This system enables efficient and standardized DHM for both real-time and historical analysis. The proactive approach in hazard avoidance helps users to be aware of trend deviation in real-time and increases the user's situational awareness through alerts. The software provides audit capabilities through documenting time-stamped acknowledgment or notes from users. This system also enables faster offset well analysis and supplements real-time data engineers to improve overall efficiency. In this paper you will see real results of how the program performed in a blind testing environment. Results from the test case demonstrate that the program can generate useable alerts well before a potentially hazardous event. The alerts prior to hazardous events could improve situational awareness for rig staff and on-site engineers.
Coherent combining of fiber lasers (2006)

It seems straightforward to combine the latest high power fiber lasers together to scale up power. Yet every approach, including HRL's self-organization architecture, has proved more challenging than expected at high power. In practice power scaling elicits several undesirable phenomena whose consequences inhibit coherent combining. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), for example, can together turn the relatively benign power fluctuations associated with mode beating into fiber-damaging pulses. Coherence and polarization integrity are inevitably impaired by glass-related nonlinear index changes (n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). HRL has demonstrated two to four lasers coherently combined to the 200 Watt level, using free space coupling with beamsplitters. In addition, nine independent lasers were locked in an all-fiber coupler
Detection of Fatigue Cracks at Weld Toes by Crack Detection Paint and Surface SH Wave (2007)

A crack detection (CD) paint was applied to weld lines of a transverse rib welded joint specimen of a rolled steel for welded structures, and the effects of the paint on visual detection of fatigue cracks were evaluated by performing a fatigue test. Remarkable color development was observed in the CD paint when fatigue cracks propagated along the weld toe lines. At intervals in the fatigue test, surface SH (Secondary Horizontal) wave tests were also carried out in order to confirm the existence of fatigue cracks, and the test results were compared with the color development in the CD paint.
An Outsole-Embedded Optoelectronic Sensor to Measure Shear Ground Reaction Forces During Locomotion (2020)

Online estimation of 3D ground reaction forces (GRFs) is becoming increasingly important for closed-loop control of lower-extremity robotic exoskeletons. Through in-verse dynamics and optimization models, 3D GRFs can be used to estimate net joint torques and approximate muscle forces. Although instrumented footwear to measure vertical GRFs in out-of-the-lab environments is available, accurately measuring shear GRFs with foot-mounted sensors still remains a challenging task. In this paper, a new outsole-embedded optoelectronic sensor configuration that is able to measure biaxial shear GRFs is proposed. Compared with traditional strain-gauge based solutions, optoelectronic sensors allow for a more affordable design. To mitigate the risk of altering the wearer's natural gait, the proposed solution does not involve external modifications to the footwear structure. A preliminary validation of the outsole-embedded sensor was conducted against validated laboratory equipment. The test involved two sessions of treadmill walking at different speeds. Experimental results suggest that the proposed design may be a promising solution for measuring shear GRFs in unconstrained environments.
Self-orthogonalizing soft-constraint satisfaction multi-modulus blind equalization algorithms (2005)

In this papec a method of accelerating the speed of convergence of a blind equalization algorithm is examined. It is shown that, as in conventional equalizers, the adaptive self-orthogonalization make them appear attractive in blind equalization of a channel. We applied self-orthogonalization to a newly proposed blind equalization scheme [1], [2], known as softconstraint satisfaction multi-modulus algorithm (SCS-MMA-I). We also proposed a stochastic Newtonlike algorithm for SCS-MMA-I. The latter algorithm, which also computes the Hessian of the blind equalization cost function, resulted in better performance.
Action-Video-Game Experience Alters the Spatial Resolution of Vision (2007)

Playing action video games enhances several different aspects of visual processing; however, the mechanisms underlying this improvement remain unclear. Here we show that playing action video games can alter fundamental characteristics of the visual system, such as the spatial resolution of visual processing across the visual field. To determine the spatial resolution of visual processing, we measured the smallest distance a distractor could be from a target without compromising target identification. This approach exploits the fact that visual processing is hindered as distractors are brought close to the target, a phenomenon known as crowding. Compared with nonplayers, action-video-game players could tolerate smaller target-distractor distances. Thus, the spatial resolution of visual processing is enhanced in this population. Critically, similar effects were observed in non-video-game players who were trained on an action video game; this result verifies a causative relationship between video-game play and augmented spatial resolution.
PDMS bonding by means of a portable, low-cost corona system (2006)

A hand-held corona treater is presented as an effective, inexpensive, and portable alternative for irreversible bonding of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to glass.
Governing for Enterprise Security (2005)

Governing for enterprise security means viewing adequate security as a non-negotiable requirement of being in business. If an organizations management—including boards of directors, senior executives, and all managers—does not establish and reinforce the business need for effective enterprise security, the organizations desired state of security will not be articulated, achieved, or sustained. To achieve a sustainable capability, organizations must make enterprise security the responsibility of leaders at a governance level, not of other organizational roles that lack the authority, accountability, and resources to act and enforce compliance. This technical report examines governance thinking, principles, and approaches and applies them to the subject of enterprise security. Its primary intent is to increase awareness and understanding of the issues, opportunities, and possible approaches related to treating security as a governance concern. In addition, this report identifies resources for enterprise security that leaders can use both within their organizations and with their networked partners, suppliers, and customers.
Lung ventilation studies with technetium-99m Pseudogas. (1986)

Technetium-99m Pseudogas is an ultrafine near monodisperse aerosol of 0.12-microgram diam particle size. This report describes initial clinical experiences with 27 patients referred for investigation of suspected pulmonary embolism, and in whom Pseudogas ventilation images were compared with a high quality commercial aerosol. An additional group of ten patients with severe COPD was examined in a comparative trial of Pseudogas with 81mKr. Pseudogas was better than a conventional aerosol in reaching a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism using a simple blinded comparison with coded images. In addition, bronchial deposition was minimal unless COPD was severe. Moderately well patients had no difficulty inhaling the necessary activity in one or two breaths, and even severely ill and frail aged persons could accomplish the passive breathing maneuver in less than a minute. Clearance of Pseudogas was directly to the systemic circulation with a half-time of 10 min in normal subjects extending up to 100 min in patients with airways disease.
Design and Simulation of an Integrated Wireless Capacitive Sensors Array for Measuring Ventricular Pressure (2018)

This paper reports the novel design of a touch mode capacitive pressure sensor (TMCPS) system with a wireless approach for a full-range continuous monitoring of ventricular pressure. The system consists of two modules: an implantable set and an external reading device. The implantable set, restricted to a 2 × 2 cm2 area, consists of a TMCPS array connected with a dual-layer coil, for making a reliable resonant circuit for communication with the external device. The capacitive array is modelled considering the small deflection regime for achieving a dynamic and full 5–300 mmHg pressure range. In this design, the two inductive-coupled modules are calculated considering proper electromagnetic alignment, based on two planar coils and considering the following: 13.56 MHz frequency to avoid tissue damage and three types of biological tissue as core (skin, fat and muscle). The system was validated with the Comsol Multiphysics and CoventorWare softwares; showing a 90% power transmission efficiency at a 3.5 cm distance between coils. The implantable module includes aluminum- and polyimide-based devices, which allows ergonomic, robust, reproducible, and technologically feasible integrated sensors. In addition, the module shows a simplified and low cost design approach based on PolyMEMS INAOE® technology, featured by low-temperature processing.
Slow relaxation in conducting polymers (1991)

The potential at which conducting polymers can be electrochemically doped to the conducting state shifts slowly then the material is maintained in the insulating state. A logarithmic law for the shift as a function of the wait time in the insulating state has been observed over the range ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$--${10}^{5}$ s. The influence of temperature, pressure, and nature of the electrolyte has been studied. A logarithmic shift is also observed as a function of the scan rate, which indicates that the relaxation process concerns kinetic parameters of the reaction rather than the thermodynamical redox potential. The kinetics of the doping process is shown to obey a universal law, which resembles the aging process of glassy materials.
The double-sided floating-surface detector: an enhanced charge-detection architecture for CCD image sensors (1996)

A new high speed, low noise, nondestructive charge detector, called the Double-Sided Floating-Surface Detector (DS-FSD), which is fabricated in a standard CCD image sensor process, is reported. This detector can be integrated in CCD image sensors and is capable of detecting large charge packets at very low noise levels. Typical values are 5-8 noise electrons (within a bandwidth of 5 MHz) for a charge packet size of 100000 to 250000 electrons. The detector is used as the first MOS transistor in a three-stage source-follower configuration with a bandwidth of 150 MHz. The performance of both the traditional Floating-Surface Detector and Double-Sided Floating-Surface Detector (DSFSD) are calculated using a new, simple, model, This model is experimentally verified.
Controlled Release of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug from Hot-Melt Extrudates Containing Acrylic Polymers (2006)

Controlled release tablets containing a poorly water-soluble drug, indomethacin (IDM), acrylic polymers (Eudragit RD 100, Eudragit L 100, or Eudragit S 100), and triethyl citrate (TEC) were prepared by hot-melt extrusion. The physicochemical and IDM release properties of the controlled release hot-melt extrudates were investigated. Indomethacin (IDM) was found to be both thermally and chemically stable following hot-melt extrusion processing and displayed a plasticizing effect on Eudragit RL PO as demonstrated by a decrease in the glass transition temperatures of the polymer. The inclusion of either Pluronic F68, Eudragit L 100, or Eudragit S 100 in the powder blend containing Eudragit RD 100 prior to processing increased the rate of release of the IDM from the extrudates. An increase in the media pH and a decrease in the granule particle size also increased the rate of release of IDM. The inclusion of TEC up to 8% in the granule formulation or compressing the granules into tablets had no significant effect on the drug release rate. Indomethacin (IDM) was transformed from a crystalline Form I into an amorphous form in the Eudragit RD 100 granules following hot-melt extrusion. The thermal processing facilitated the formation of a solid solution with a continuous matrix structure that was shown to control drug diffusion from the extrudates.