gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Star Spiral with Application to Wideband Arrays with Variable Element Sizes (2001)

This dissertation details the development of the star spiral antenna and demonstrates the advantages of the star spiral when used in a wideband array with variable element sizes. The wideband array with variable element sizes (WAVES) is a multi-octave array that uses different sized circular Archimedean spirals for each octave of frequency coverage. A two-octave WAVES array has been presented in the literature, but a gap in the two-octave frequency coverage exists along the principal axes. The star spiral antenna was developed to eliminate the performance gap in the WAVES array. The star spiral is a type of slow-wave spiral that also offers array-packing advantages, particularly for the WAVES array. The size reduction that can be achieved with the star spiral is comparable to that of the square spiral, but the star spiral is much more efficient in terms of its expected size reduction compared to its circumference. The far-field patterns, gain, and scan performance of the star spiral are similar to that of the circular Archimedean spiral. The use of the star spiral to eliminate the performance gap in a WAVES array of circular Archimedean spirals is detailed. Furthermore, a three-octave WAVES array of star spirals is built and measured, and the scan performance of the array is investigated via simulation.
Alcohol metabolism and cancer risk. (2007)

Chronic alcohol consumption increases the risk for cancer of the organs and tissues of the respiratory tract and the upper digestive tract (i.e., upper aerodigestive tract), liver, colon, rectum, and breast. Various factors may contribute to the development (i.e., pathogenesis) of alcohol-associated cancer, including the actions of acetaldehyde, the first and most toxic metabolite of alcohol metabolism. The main enzymes involved in alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism are alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which are encoded by multiple genes. Because some of these genes exist in several variants (i.e., are polymorphic), and the enzymes encoded by certain variants may result in elevated acetaldehyde levels, the presence of these variants may predispose to certain cancers. Several mechanisms may contribute to alcohol-related cancer development. Acetaldehyde itself is a cancer-causing substance in experimental animals and reacts with DNA to form cancer-promoting compounds. In addition, highly reactive, oxygen-containing molecules that are generated during certain pathways of alcohol metabolism can damage the DNA, thus also inducing tumor development. Together with other factors related to chronic alcohol consumption, these metabolism-related factors may increase tumor risk in chronic heavy drinkers.
FAILURE TO ACHIEVE CASTRATE LEVELS OF TESTOSTERONE DURING LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE AGONIST THERAPY: THE CASE FOR MONITORING SERUM TESTOSTERONE AND A TREATMENT DECISION ALGORITHM (2000)

A small but potentially important subgroup of men on depot LH-RH agonist therapy fail to achieve a castrate level of testosterone. Our findings support monitoring testicular response when LH-RH agonist therapy is initiated.
Prospective Relationships Between Ethnic Discrimination and Substance Use by Mexican-American Adolescents (2018)

Guided by the integrative model (García Coll et al., 1996), this study examines prospective associations between perceived ethnic discrimination by peers, parental support, and substance use from 7th to 11th grades (M<sub>age</sub> = 12.3-16.3 years) in a community sample of 674 Mexican-American adolescents. Results from a cross-lagged panel model indicate that discrimination predicts relative increases in adolescent substance use. Results also revealed a transactional relation between substance use and supportive parenting over time. Supportive parenting was associated with reductions in substance use, but adolescent substance use also predicted lower levels of later parental support. The findings suggest reducing discrimination by peers and supportive parenting as potential targets for intervention in the prevention of substance use.
High Average Power Nd:YAG Slab Laser with Improved Beam Quality. (1996)

The fundamental concepts and developments of solid-state slab laser technology is briefly reviewed. The performance of the high average power zigzag Nd:YAG slab laser facility having been established at NCRIEO is presented. Experiments with several slabs of different dimensions and qualities were performed and the results of two of them are presented. Stable, cylindrical and spherical unstable resonator configurations were tested. When the devices worked at a repetition rate of 50 Hz and the pumping pulse energy of 307 J, the maximum output from a cylindrical 1D unstable resonator is 690 W with a total efficiency of 4.5%. The divergent angle is 3.6 X 0.5 mrad in Y and X directions respectively corresponding to about 10.8 X 1.62 times diffraction limit and a beam parameter product d0/4 about 5.5 X 0.75 mm.mrad in Y and X directions respectively. The device worked continuously at above 630 W output level for an hour. When the device worked at a repetition rate of 100 Hz, the maximum output power was 520 W.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nutritional therapy in chronic kidney disease. (2005)

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), specialized nutritional therapy may help reduce the risk of electrolyte imbalances, vitamin deficiencies, and protein energy malnutrition. Protein-restricted diets may slow the progression of renal disease and decrease the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. In this review, we discuss some of the major nutritional concerns in individuals with CKD and offer practical recommendations for dietary therapy.
A new nonlinear optical crystal K/sub 2/Al/sub 2/B/sub 2/O/sub 7/ (2003)

Summary form only given. Borate crystals play the important role in the field of nonlinear optical (NLO) applications, especially in the UV region. Through our endeavor to develop new NLO crystals in the last twenty years, a new familie of borate crystals were discovered to be promising candidates to break the "200-nm wall in terms of deep-UV generation". Although the difficulties of the crystal growth of this family were encountered, K/sub 2/Al/sub 2/B/sub 2/O/sub 7/ has proved to be the first crystal in this family which can be easily grown by flux method.
β-Phenylethylamine Derivatives.<sup>1</sup> Tertiary and Quaternary Salts (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTβ-Phenylethylamine Derivatives.1 Tertiary and Quaternary SaltsJohannes S. Buck, Richard Baltzly, and Walter S. IdeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 8, 1789–1792Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1938https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01275a021Request reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (448 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ionic Conductivity, Structural Deformation, and Programmable Anisotropy of DNA Origami in Electric Field (2015)

The DNA origami technique can enable functionalization of inorganic structures for single-molecule electric current recordings. Experiments have shown that several layers of DNA molecules, a DNA origami plate, placed on top of a solid-state nanopore is permeable to ions. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization of the ionic conductivity of DNA origami plates by means of all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and nanocapillary electric current recordings. Using the MD method, we characterize the ionic conductivity of several origami constructs, revealing the local distribution of ions, the distribution of the electrostatic potential and contribution of different molecular species to the current. The simulations determine the dependence of the ionic conductivity on the applied voltage, the number of DNA layers, the nucleotide content and the lattice type of the plates. We demonstrate that increasing the concentration of Mg(2+) ions makes the origami plates more compact, reducing their conductivity. The conductance of a DNA origami plate on top of a solid-state nanopore is determined by the two competing effects: bending of the DNA origami plate that reduces the current and separation of the DNA origami layers that increases the current. The latter is produced by the electro-osmotic flow and is reversible at the time scale of a hundred nanoseconds. The conductance of a DNA origami object is found to depend on its orientation, reaching maximum when the electric field aligns with the direction of the DNA helices. Our work demonstrates feasibility of programming the electrical properties of a self-assembled nanoscale object using DNA.
Brain measurement for usability testing and adaptive interfaces (2009)

A well designed user interface (UI) should be transparent, allowing users to focus their mental workload on the task at hand. We hypothesize that the overall mental workload required to perform a task using a computer system is composed of a portion attributable to the difficulty of the underlying task plus a portion attributable to the complexity of operating the user interface. In this regard, we follow Shneiderman's theory of syntactic and semantic components of a UI. We present an experiment protocol that can be used to measure the workload experienced by users in their various cognitive resources while working with a computer. We then describe an experiment where we used the protocol to quantify the syntactic workload of two user interfaces. We use functional near infrared spectroscopy, a new brain imaging technology that is beginning to be used in HCI. We also discuss extensions of our techniques to adaptive interfaces.
Centralized and Distributed Active and Reactive Power Control of a Utility Connected Microgrid Using IEC61850 (2011)

This paper describes the control algorithm of a utility connected microgrid, based on independent control of active and reactive power and operating in centralized and distributed operation mode. The microgrid is composed of several (three in the experimental tests conducted) configurable units, including generation, storage, and load units. These units are interfaced with the microgrid through a voltage source converter and are controlled by the nodes of the communication system by means of IEC 61850. The proposed control strategy is validated by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and with experimental tests.
Longitudinal study of a community hospital integrated model for diabetes management in the Beijing Jingsong community (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> To determine the effects of a community hospital integrated model on the longitudinal management of diabetic patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Four hundred forty-one patients with type 2 diabetes residing in Jingsong Community were randomly assigned to intensive and standard groups. Metabolic parameters were measured in the two groups at baseline and after 36 months of management to compare the rate of goal achievement. <h3>Results</h3> After comprehensive management, the overall control rate in the intensive group was increased from 2.7% to 9.6% compared with 2.3%–4.5% in the standard group. Specifically, the control rates for fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and blood pressure in the intensive group were significantly increased from 54.1%, 40.0%, and 68.2% to 85.5%, 74.6%, and 89.1%, respectively. The control rate for glycosylated hemoglobin in the intensive group was significantly higher than the standard group after 36 months of treatment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The community hospital integrated model for longitudinal management effectively improved the control rate of glycosylated hemoglobin and the overall control rate in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Soft and hard horn antennas (1988)

Horn antennas with soft and hard boundaries are analyzed. A soft boundary which exists in classical hybrid-mode horns gives zero field intensity at the wall. A hard boundary corresponds to a uniform field distribution over the horn aperture. Soft and hard horn antennas are compared with respect to directivity, sidelobes, and beamwidth. The dependency between the edge taper directivity, and sidelobes is also calculated based on the solution to the spherical hybrid modes in a conical horn with arbitrary wall impedances. This makes it possible to study how to compromise between directivity and sidelobes. Also discussed is how the different wall impedances may be realized, and some preliminary experimental work on hard horns is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of amphiregulin and epiregulin expression in human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts (2006)

Amphiregulin and epiregulin belong to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, and act as mitogenic stimulators via binding to EGF receptors (EGFRs). Amphiregulin and epiregulin are thought to play a role in regenerative responses in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we investigated secretion of amphiregulin and epiregulin in human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts (SEMFs). The mRNA expression and protein secretion of amphiregulin and epiregulin were evaluated by Northern blotting and Western blotting, respectively. The trophic effects of amphiregulin and epiregulin on SEMFs were analyzed by MTT assays. Amphiregulin and epiregulin mRNAs were not detected in unstimulated SEMFs. Among the various cytokines and growth factors, interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and EGF strongly induced amphiregulin and epiregulin mRNA expression. These responses were markedly reduced by AG1478, a specific inhibitor of EGF receptor tyrosine kinases. Amphiregulin and epiregulin secretion were also detected at the protein level. MTT assays demonstrated that amphiregulin and epiregulin stimulate the proliferation of SEMFs. We demonstrated expression of amphiregulin and epiregulin in SEMFs. Amphiregulin and epiregulin may play an important role in the mechanism underlying wound healing in damaged colonic mucosa.
Full band waveguide turnstile junction orthomode transducer with phase matched outputs (2010)

A >40% bandwidth fully scalable turnstile-based waveguide orthomode transducer having excellent phase performance is described for the WR75 standard rectangular waveguide. Flexible bandwidth tuning is achieved through the use of an interchangeable stepped scattering element. Reduced height waveguide topology provides a simple, compact, and robust design against mechanical tolerances. The intrinsic broadband nature of half-height E-plane bends and single-step power combiners assures high order mode free increased bandwidth in balanced phase operation. The designed orthomode transducer exhibits a return loss better than 23 dB at any port, an insertion loss less than 0.06 dB, and an isolation of 50 dB over the full bandwidth. Moreover, the phase difference between orthogonal polarizations is lower than 0.7° over the band, thus enabling applications where phase-matched outputs are required. This design has been chosen for the QUIJOTE cosmic microwave background experiment due to its cost-effective, compact design, and high-quality performance as well as being readily scalable to the WR51 and WR28 waveguide bands. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2010.
Effect of Nanocomposite Synthesis on the Combustion Performance of a Ternary Thermite (2005)

Nanocomposite thermites are attractive materials for their diverse applications from metallurgy to ordnance technologies. While there are a plethora of combinations of fuel and oxidizers, this work shows that the composite's overall performance is intimately tied to how the fuel and oxidizer are prepared and combined. Comparison of the combustion velocities of two separate ternary mixtures of Al-Fe(2)O(3)-SiO(2), one prepared in situ using sol-gel processing and the other prepared by physically mixing discrete nanoscale particles, demonstrated different burning behaviors as a result of preparation technique. The stoichiometry of the two sets of thermite was varied to examine the influence of SiO(2) on combustion velocity as a means to control the reaction behavior. For pure Fe(2)O(3) + Al reactions, results show that the sol-gel synthesized materials (40 m/s) exhibit increased velocities over the physically mixed materials (9 m/s) by approximately 4 times. This trend is not observed, however, upon addition of SiO(2) to the thermite mixture; ternary thermites with 40 wt % SiO(2) showed decreased burn velocities of 0.02 m/s for sol-gel prepared thermites compared to 0.2 m/s for their physically mixed counterparts. The observed trends are believed to be caused by the unique mixing between the Fe(2)O(3) and SiO(2) phases resulting from the two synthesis techniques.
A method for specifying atmospheric gravity wavefields for long‐range infrasound propagation calculations (2012)

Abstract Two important challenges in infrasound propagation physics are (1) to explain frequently observed infrasound signals in the classical near‐field shadow zones and (2) to accurately predict observed waveform amplitude and signal duration. For these problems, the role that small‐scale internal atmospheric gravity wave fluctuations play has recently been realized. This paper provides a methodology for representing small‐scale internal gravity wave fluctuations which is suitable for infrasound propagation calculations. Adapted from the numerical weather prediction and climate modeling communities, the resulting stochastic gravity wave noise field model is three‐dimensional, time dependent, and self‐consistent with the atmospheric background state. To illustrate the methodology the resultant gravity wavefields are applied to ray‐trace simulations of observed infrasound travel times for a dense seismic network in the Western United States which recorded infrasound signals from a large surface explosion.
Angiogenesis and malignant melanoma. Angiogenesis is related to the development of vertical (tumorigenic) growth phase (1997)

To study angiogenesis in early steps of melanoma progression, 113 cutaneous melanomas 1 mm or less in thickness were stained with Ulex europaeus lectin. Vascular density was determined in the areas of greatest vascularization. To avoid the effect of anatomic location, the quotient between vascular density at the tumor base and in normal skin (vascular ratio) was obtained in each case. Of these melanomas, 46 were immunohistochemically stained for the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Positivity was scored from 1-4 by comparing staining of melanoma cells with keratinocytes. Vascular ratio values in vertical growth phase melanomas were higher than those in radial growth phase when counting per 200 or 400 magnification (2.29 +/- 1.3 and 2.48 +/- 1.5 for vertical growth phase and 1.34 +/- 0.62 and 1.41 +/- 0.83 for radial growth phase melanomas, respectively). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.001 at x200 and x400, respectively). Also, VEGF staining was stronger in vertical growth phase melanomas when compared with radial growth phase melanomas (Chi square, p < 0.025). In conclusion, our findings suggest that angiogenesis and VEGF expression are associated with the development of vertical growth phase.
ACRES Architecture and Compilation (2004)

High-performance computing engines often provide product-defining functionality within consumer devices. These devices are traditionally implemented using either ASICs or embedded processors. ASICS are inflexible and require high design cost while embedded processors provide inadequate compute power and efficiency for specialized applications. This work describes the ACRES (Architecture and Compiler for REconfigurable Systems) platform that combines the flexibility of a programmable technology and the efficiency of custom hardware without incurring high-cost, high-risk chip development. The ACRES platform consists of a programmable computing fabric architecture and an associated spatial compiler. A spatial compilation procedure ties together novel configurable elements including interconnect, memory and distributed control. A key compilation feature is early spatial planning that influences subsequent architectural decisions. Operation scheduling follows and uses accurate latency information to generate efficient execution schedules. This paper describes the motivating assumptions, key ideas and technologies advocated in the ACRES platform. Implementation and evaluation is the topic of future work.
Evidence for a complex regulatory array in the first intron of the human adenosine deaminase gene. (1989)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is expressed ubiquitously by diverse mammalian cells and tissues but at levels that vary according to tissue and species. In humans, the thymus exhibits levels of the enzyme up to 100-fold higher than most other tissues. Using transgenic mice, we identified human ADA gene regulatory domains. Up to 3.7 kb of 5'-flanking and first exon DNA from the human ADA gene failed to promote the expression of a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene in an efficient, reproducible, or tissue-appropriate manner in transgenic mice. However, when 12.8 kb of DNA from the first intron of the human ADA gene was placed 3' of CAT-coding and -processing sequences, transgenic mice reproducibly expressed CAT activity in most tissues, with profoundly high levels in the thymus. DNase I hypersensitivity studies demonstrated that among transgenic mouse tissues, human thymus, and a variety of human cell lines, a region of the intron 4-10 kb downstream of the first exon exhibited an array of hypersensitive sites that varied according to tissue and cell type. Deletion of this region from the gene construction eliminated high-level expression in transgenic mice. In transfection-transient expression assays, the 12.8-kb intron fragment exhibited enhancer activity in several cell types. A 1.3-kb fragment encompassing two of the hypersensitive sites exhibited some of these activities. The results of these studies suggest that the diverse pattern of human ADA gene expression is determined, in part, by a cluster of cis-regulatory elements contained within its large first intron.