gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Midazolam and Temazepam on Sleep and Performance When Administered in the Middle of the Night (1985)

A multicenter, double-blind, sleep laboratory and performance study was conducted to evaluate the hypnotic efficacy and residual effects of midazolam (15 mg) and temazepam (30 mg) compared to placebo when administered in the middle of the night. Eighteen volunteers with objectively verified sleep maintenance insomnia received placebo for 3 nights during week 1 (adaptation and screening). During weeks 2, 3, and 4 they received 2 consecutive nights of midazolam, temazepam, and placebo (one treatment per week) in a balanced crossover design. Treatment was administered in the middle of the night (3.5 hours after bedtime). Neither drug reduced the latency to return to sleep after the middle of the night awakening. Both drugs significantly increased total sleep time, reduced wake during sleep, and number of awakenings over 4.5 hours in bed after treatment. In the morning (5 to 6.5 hours postdrug) significant performance decrements and reduced daytime sleep latency (7 hours postdrug) were found with temazepam but not midazolam.
Applications of polymeric smart materials to environmental problems. (1997)

New methods for the reduction and remediation of hazardous wastes like carcinogenic organic solvents, toxic materials, and nuclear contamination are vital to environmental health. Procedures for effective waste reduction, detection, and removal are important components of any such methods. Toward this end, polymeric smart materials are finding useful applications. Polymer-bound smart catalysts are useful in waste minimization, catalyst recovery, and catalyst reuse. Polymeric smart coatings have been developed that are capable of both detecting and removing hazardous nuclear contaminants. Such applications of smart materials involving catalysis chemistry, sensor chemistry, and chemistry relevant to decontamination methodology are especially applicable to environmental problems.
Temporal coherence properties of a dispersively propagating beam in a fiber-optic interferometer (1987)

The temporal coherence properties of a dispersively propagating optical beam are clarified experimentally by means of a two-beam interferometer composed of optical fibers with 1.3- and 1.5-μm zero-chromatic-dispersion wavelengths. Experimental results fully explain and reflect theoretically predicted ones concerning both the magnitude of the degree of coherence and the shape of the coherence curve with respect to the optical path difference.
High-resolution imaging using a 48×48 Ge array with multiplexer readout (2002)

We are developing an imaging technique for nuclear medicine that makes use of semiconductor arrays having a large number of separate pixels on a single slab that are read out by a monolithic integrated circuit called a multiplexer. The device is similar to a focal-plane array used for infrared imaging. Here we present results verifying the concept by using a Hughes 48/spl times/48 Ge PIN focal-plane array as a gamma-ray imaging system. The performance of this device as an imaging spectrometer was extraordinary, with a spatial resolution of 125 /spl mu/m at 30 keV and an energy resolution of 2 keV FWHM (25-140 keV). The device performed well over a temperature range of 136-200 K. It is concluded that semiconductor detector arrays with multiplexer readout are a very attractive approach for a new generation of nuclear medicine imaging systems.
Short Term Clinical Study with Bicarbonate-Containing Peritoneal Dialysis Solution (1993)

A CAPD bicarbonate solution is effective in uremic acidosis correction, does not affect dialysis adequacy, is safe, and well tolerated.
Protective activity of carnosine and anserine against zinc-induced neurotoxicity: a possible treatment for vascular dementia (2015)

Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a small dipeptide with numerous beneficial effects, including the maintenance of the acid-base balance, antioxidant properties, chelating agent, anti-crosslinking, and anti-glycation activities. High levels of carnosine and its analogue anserine (1-methyl carnosine) are found in skeletal muscle and the brain. Zinc (Zn)-induced neurotoxicity plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VD), and carnosine inhibits Zn-induced neuronal death. Here, the protective activity of carnosine against Zn-induced neurotoxicity and its molecular mechanisms such as cellular Zn influx and Zn-induced gene expression were investigated using immortalised hypothalamic neurons (GT1-7 cells). Carnosine and anserine protected against Zn-induced neurotoxicity not by preventing increases in intracellular Zn(2+) but by participating in the regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway and the activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein (Arc). Accordingly, carnosine and anserine protected against neurotoxicity induced by ER-stress inducers thapsigargin and tunicamycin. Hence, carnosine and anserine are expected to have future therapeutic potential for VD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Expression of regeneration and tolerance factor on B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias: A possible mechanism for escaping immune surveillance (1999)

Regeneration and tolerance factor (RTF) is a protein expressed on developing tissue such as the thymus and the placenta. RTF has been reported to down-regulate cell-mediated immune responses. To examine the potential role of tumor-derived RTF to suppressing antitumor responses, we analyzed a panel of seven B cell tumor lines for the membrane RTF using a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated monoclonal antibody, which reacts with membrane RTF. All the B cell tumor lines we examined express RTF on the cell surface. We also tested conditioned media from these B cell lines for their ability to suppress IL-2R expression on activated cells. Conditioned media from each B cell line suppressed IL-2R expression on activated Jurkat T cells and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A monoclonal antibody to the biologically active portion of RTF reversed this suppressive activity. Finally, the tumor cell population from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia was found to express cell surface RTF. Thus, RTF expression could be a new mechanism used by tumor cells to escape immune surveillance.
Acoustic mode measurements in the inlet of a model turbofan using a continuously rotating rake (1993)

Comprehensive measurements of the spinning acoustic mode structure in the inlet of the Advanced Ducted Propeller (ADP) have been completed. These measurements were taken using a unique and previously untried method which was first proposed by T.G. Sofrin. A continuously rotating microphone system was employed. The ADP model was designed and built by Pratt & Whitney and tested in the NASA Lewis 9- by 15-foot Anechoic Wind Tunnel. Three inlet configurations were tested with cut-on and cutoff stator vane sets. The cutoff stator was designed to suppress all modes at the blade passing frequency. Rotating rake measurements indicate that several extraneous circumferential modes were active. The mode orders suggest that their source was an interaction between the rotor and small interruptions in the casing tip treatment. The cut-on stator produced the expected circumferential modes plus higher levels of the unexpected modes seen with the cutoff stator.
Topical Administration of Pirfenidone Increases Healing of Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Randomized Crossover Study (2016)

Only 30 percent of chronic diabetic foot ulcers heal after 20 weeks of standard treatment. Pirfenidone is a drug with biological, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical pirfenidone added to conventional treatment in noninfected chronic diabetic foot ulcers. This was a randomized crossover study. Group 1 received topical pirfenidone plus conventional treatment for 8 weeks; after this period, they were switched to receive conventional treatment only for 8 more weeks. In group 2, the order of the treatments was the opposite. The end points were complete ulcer healing and size reduction. Final data were obtained from 35 ulcers in 24 patients. Fifty-two percent of ulcers treated with pirfenidone healed before 8 weeks versus 14.3% treated with conventional treatment only (P = 0.025). Between 8 and 16 weeks, 30.8% ulcers that received pirfenidone healed versus 0% with conventional treatment (P = 0.081). By week 8, the reduction in ulcer size was 100% [73-100] with pirfenidone versus 57.5% with conventional treatment [28.9-74] (P = 0.011). By week 16, the reduction was 93% [42.7-100] with pirfenidone and 21.8% [8-77.5] with conventional treatment (P = 0.050). The addition of topical pirfenidone to conventional treatment significantly improves the healing of chronic diabetic noninfected foot ulcers.
Identification of Chromosome Inheritance Modifiers in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (2001)

Faithful chromosome inheritance is a fundamental biological activity and errors contribute to birth defects and cancer progression. We have performed a P-element screen in Drosophila melanogaster with the aim of identifying novel candidate genes involved in inheritance. We used a "sensitized" minichromosome substrate (J21A) to screen approximately 3,000 new P-element lines for dominant effects on chromosome inheritance and recovered 78 Sensitized chromosome inheritance modifiers (Scim). Of these, 69 decreased minichromosome inheritance while 9 increased minichromosome inheritance. Fourteen mutations are lethal or semilethal when homozygous and all exhibit dramatic mitotic defects. Inverse PCR combined with genomic analyses identified P insertions within or close to genes with previously described inheritance functions, including wings apart-like (wapl), centrosomin (cnn), and pavarotti (pav). Further, lethal insertions in replication factor complex 4 (rfc4) and GTPase-activating protein 1 (Gap1) exhibit specific mitotic chromosome defects, discovering previously unknown roles for these proteins in chromosome inheritance. The majority of the lines represent mutations in previously uncharacterized loci, many of which have human homologs, and we anticipate that this collection will provide a rich source of mutations in new genes required for chromosome inheritance in metazoans.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Spiropiperidines as BACE-1 Aspartyl Protease Inhibitors via Late Stage <i>N</i>-Arylation of a 1,8-Diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one Pharmacophore (2013)

A stereoselective synthesis of spiropiperidine compounds, exemplified by compound 1, was developed, which was based upon the late stage N-arylation of a 1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one pharmacophore. Previously, compound 1 was prepared in low overall yield from piperidinone 2 via the Strecker reaction. A new route was developed, which employed the stereospecific Corey-Link reaction of an enantiomerically pure trichloromethylcarbinol to give a template compound amenable to late stage N-arylation.
Multiple roles of nitric oxide in the airways (2003)

Nitric oxide is endogenously released in the airways by nitric oxide synthase. Functionally, two isoforms of this enzyme exist: constitutive and inducible. The former seems to protect airways from excessive bronchoconstriction while the latter has a modulatory role in inflammatory disorders of the airways such as asthma. This review explores the physiological and pathophysiological role of endogenous nitric oxide in the airways, and the clinical aspects of monitoring nitric oxide in exhaled air of patients with respiratory disease.
Graphical Models for Recovering Probabilistic and Causal Queries from Missing Data (2014)

We address the problem of deciding whether a causal or probabilistic query is estimable from data corrupted by missing entries, given a model of miss-ingness process. We extend the results of Mohan et al. [2013] by presenting more general conditions for recovering probabilistic queries of the form P(y|x) and P(y, x) as well as causal queries of the form P(y|do(x)). We show that causal queries may be recoverable even when the factors in their identifying estimands are not recoverable. Specifically, we derive graphical conditions for recovering causal effects of the form P(y|do(x)) when Y and its missingness mechanism are not d-separable. Finally, we apply our results to problems of attrition and characterize the recovery of causal effects from data corrupted by attrition.
MESSIDOR system (1981)

MESSIDOR is an interactive information retrieval system. It differs from current systems in that it allows the simultaneous search of several bibliographic databases. The databases may be on different sites and may use different query languages (MISTRAL, QUEST,...). These local languages are invisible to the users of MESSIDOR. They are all translated to a single language. We describe MESSIDOR's goals, system architecture, user language and some details of the implementation. The system is implemented on a MICRAL 80-30 microcomputer.
Harnessing Defect-Tolerance at the Nanoscale: Highly Luminescent Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals in Mesoporous Silica Matrixes (2016)

Colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have recently emerged as a novel class of bright emitters with pure colors spanning the entire visible spectral range. Contrary to conventional quantum dots, such as CdSe and InP NCs, perovskite NCs feature unusual, defect-tolerant photophysics. Specifically, surface dangling bonds and intrinsic point defects such as vacancies do not form midgap states, known to trap carriers and thereby quench photoluminescence (PL). Accordingly, perovskite NCs need not be electronically surface-passivated (with, for instance, ligands and wider-gap materials) and do not noticeably suffer from photo-oxidation. Novel opportunities for their preparation therefore can be envisaged. Herein, we show that the infiltration of perovskite precursor solutions into the pores of mesoporous silica, followed by drying, leads to the template-assisted formation of perovskite NCs. The most striking outcome of this simple methodology is very bright PL with quantum efficiencies exceeding 50%. This facile strategy can be applied to a large variety of perovskite compounds, hybrid and fully inorganic, with the general formula APbX3, where A is cesium (Cs), methylammonium (MA), or formamidinium (FA), and X is Cl, Br, I or a mixture thereof. The luminescent properties of the resulting templated NCs can be tuned by both quantum size effects as well as composition. Also exhibiting intrinsic haze due to scattering within the composite, such materials may find applications as replacements for conventional phosphors in liquid-crystal television display technologies and in related luminescence down-conversion-based devices.
Numerical Investigation of the Sensitivity of the Performance Criteria of an Automotive Cyclone Particle Separator to CFD Modeling Parameters (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Predicting the optimum performance parameters of an automotive cyclone particle separator (separation efficiency and pressure drop) using computational fluid dynamics by varying its geometrical parameters is challenging and a time consuming process due to the highly swirling nature of the flow. This study presents results of three investigations of the performance and design of a cyclone separator: a sensitivity analysis, deterministic optimization and a reliability based design optimization. All three cases involved variation of four geometric parameters that characterize the design of the cyclone.</div>
Multilevel gold metallization by use of selective W-CVD and polyimide siloxane film (2003)

Multilevel gold (Au) metallization was realized for high-speed VLSI devices by a novel combination of selective tungsten CVD (W-CVD) with electroplated Au and a polyimide siloxane (PSI) film developed by the authors. Selective W-CVD was applied to overcome the problem of poor adhesion between Au wiring and PSI film as well as to fill vias. Silane (SiH/sub 4/) reduced selective W-CVD application to Au wiring and an organic dielectric film (PSI) for VLSI devices have been demonstrated for the first time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polymerization of azabutadiene (azine) derivatives. Preparation of a stereoregular polymer from propionaldehyde azine (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of azabutadiene (azine) derivatives. Preparation of a stereoregular polymer from propionaldehyde azineAkira Harada, Hirofumi Fujii, and Mikiharu KamachiCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 20, 5504–5507Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00020a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00020a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
LiteDoc: Make Collaborative Editing Fast, Scalable, and Robust (2020)

Collaborative text editing applications like Google docs, Etherpad and Overleaf allow users to concurrently edit a “shared” document. Existing collaborative text editors use either a centralized sever or some form of Paxos-like consensus algorithm to achieve total order on the updates. The editor then uses computationally intensive methods like operational transformation (OT) and differential synchronization (diff-sync) to apply the ordered update events at each client. Unfortunately, these methods often result in huge metadata overhead, are difficult to implement and result in conflicts due to users writing to the same location. With LiteDoc, we propose a different approach to tackle this problem: we make collaborative editing fast, scalable and robust by providing simplified semantics. More importantly, we can formally prove that LiteDoc achieves deterministic guarantees of correctness. LiteDoc divides the shared document into several sections and allow only one user to write at a particular section at any given time. This removes all conflicts that arise from having multiple writers writing to the same location. This mechanism also obviates the task of implementing cumbersome modules for OT, diff-sync and rollbacks in case of conflicts. Note that while LiteDoc supports less features than general collaborative editors like Google docs, it is natural (and courteous) to avoid concurrent writing to the same location when multiple people collaborate.
Exergy analysis of distillation processes (1996)

Abstract Distillation is a unit operation in which two main processes are involved: heat transfer for vaporizing and condensing and mass transfer for the separation of the mixture. A distillation unit can be described as an exergy converter: that is a unit which converts thermal exergy into chemical exergy. To obtain a complete graphical representation of mass, enthalpy and exergy balances in a fractional distillation, we propose the use of a diagram: the specific enthalpy (in KJ/ Kg of mixture) is plotted against the Carnot factor θ to show the heat and mass transfer effects simultaneously. The application of the methodology to the distillation of an ammonia‐water mixture is presented. Conventional fractional distillation consumes a lot of exergy. We propose a new type of distillation in which the reboiler and the condenser normally located at the bottom and at the top of distillation column, are replaced by two heat exchangers integrated in the column itself. The exchanger integrated in the bottom of the column inputs heat to the column, and the other exchanger located in the upper part of the column removes heat. This arrangement minimizes the creation of entropy in the column and therefore maximizes the exegetic effectiveness. This new process, called:“diabatic” or “quasi‐reversible” distillation should bring important improvement to conventional distillation, not only from the point of view of energy use (large reduction in the consumption of heat carriers fluids for heating and cooling), but also in terms of capital investment as the cost of fitting a heat exchanger in the destillation column will probably be less than the cost of reboiler or condenser and reflux head.
Expression change of death associated protein kinase and brain neuron apoptosis following traumatic brain injury in mice (2009)

Objective To explore the expression change of death associated protein kinase(DAPK)and therapeutic time window for traumatic brain injury in rats.Method The traumatic brain injury models of rats were achieved by free drop impact model.The adult rats were randomly divided into normal control,sham-operation and TBI groups.Samples ofTBI group were acquired at the time point of2h,8h,24h,48h and 72h after brain injury.Pathological changes of injured neurons were demonstrated by H-E staining,the expression of DAPK mRNA W8.8 detected by RT-PCR,relative quantitation of neuron apoptosis Wa$detected by TUNEL.Results At the Sh after brain injury,the expression of DAPK increased evidently and neuron apeptosis Wag detected.The expression of DAPK and quantitation of neuron apeptosis reached peal[at the 24h after injury.Conclusion These obaervatiorm showed that the expression of DAPK in the cerebral tissues reached peak at the 24h after injury.The optimum therapeutic time window wag 24h after injury.

Key words: 
Brain injuries; Neurons; Apoptosis; Protein kinases
Body Movement Synchrony in Psychotherapeutic Counseling: A Study Using the Video-Based Quantification Method (2008)

Body movement synchrony (i. e. rhythmic synchronization between the body movements of interacting partners) has been described by subjective impressions of skilled counselors and has been considered to reflect the depth of the client-counselor relationship. This study analyzed temporal changes in body movement synchrony through a video analysis of client-counselor dialogues in counseling sessions. Four 50-minute psychotherapeutic counseling sessions were analyzed, including two negatively evaluated sessions (low evaluation groups) and two positively evaluated sessions (high evaluation groups). In addition, two 50-minute ordinary advice sessions between two high school teachers and the clients in the high rating group were analyzed. All sessions represent role-playing. The intensity of the participants' body movement was measured using a video-based system. Temporal change of body movement synchrony was analyzed using moving correlations of the intensity between the two time series. The results revealed (1) A consistent temporal pattern among the four counseling cases, though the moving correlation coefficients were higher for the high evaluation group than the low evaluation group and (2) Different temporal patterns for the counseling and advice sessions even when the clients were the same. These results were discussed from the perspective of the quality of client-counselor relationship.