gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aromatic Substitution in Condensation Polymerization Catalyzed by Solid-Liquid Phase Transfer (1987)

Solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions is a novel approach to high molecular weight condensation polymers. This work has widened the scope of phase transfer catalysis and lead to a variety of new model compounds and high molecular weight polymers. Model aromatic oxide, sulfide, and imide nucleophiles have been used with a number of fluoronated aromatics as substrates in model reactions catalyzed by solid phase base and crown ethers. The analogous bis-nucleophiles react with these aromatics, and readily suffer disubstitution to afford high polymer. Reactivity in these heterogeneous systems is very sensitive to a variety of experimental conditions, esp. catalyst structure, solvent, and trace amounts of water in the liquid organic phase. These parameters greatly affect the concentration and structure of crown complexed cation-nucleophile ion pairs in solution. Evidence has been accumulated which suggests that an electron transfer rather than an anionic substitution mechanism operates especially with perfluoaryl substrates. Details of synthesis, optimization of PTC parameters and mechanisms are discussed.
Chemical modification of arginine residues of lung galaptin and fibronectin. Effects on fibroblast binding (1985)

Lung galaptin bound to lung fibroblasts with a Kd of 190 nM, and this binding could be inhibited by 20 mM-lactose. Selective modifications of the arginine residues of galaptin with cyclohexane-1,2-dione did not change its lectin activity or its binding to fibroblasts. By contrast, modification of the arginine residues of plasma fibronectin resulted in a marked diminution of protein-fibroblast binding. Selective modification of arginine residues may provide a useful probe for -Arg-Gly-Asp-Xaa cell-binding sequences of proteins.
Signal Propagation Along Unidimensional Neuronal Networks (2005)

Dissociated neurons were cultured on lines of various lengths covered with adhesive material to obtain an experimental model system of linear signal transmission. The neuronal connectivity in the linear culture is characterized, and it is demonstrated that local spiking activity is relayed by synaptic transmission along the line of neurons to develop into a large-scale population burst. Formally, this can be treated as a one-dimensional information channel. Directional propagation of both spontaneous and stimulated bursts along the line, imaged with the calcium indicator Fluo-4, revealed the existence of two different propagation velocities. Initially, a small number of neighboring neurons fire, leading to a slow, small and presumably asynchronous wave of activity. The signal then spontaneously develops to encompass much larger and further populations, and is characterized by fast propagation of high-amplitude activity, which is presumed to be synchronous. These results are well described by an existing theoretical framework for propagation based on an integrate-and-fire model.
Cognitive profiles in dementia (2008)

A hybrid model of general and specific cognitive domains simplifies cognitive research by allowing direct comparison of normal aging and Alzheimer disease performance. The presence of a general factor maximizes detection of the dementia, whereas the specific factors reveal the heterogeneity of dementia's associated cognitive deficits.
Development of large-scale precast, prestressed concrete liquefied natural gas storage tanks (2013)

This paper addresses the necessity for cryogenic-rated storage tanks to accommodate the increased use of liquefied natural gas. The authors discuss the development of large-scale precast concrete cryogenic storage tanks, including design and construction challenges. They also address special considerations needed for fabricating, handling, erecting, temporarily supporting, integrating, and posttensioning long and slender precast concrete wall elements.
Low-cost device for avoiding bulk susceptibility artifacts in chemical-selective fat saturation MR of the head and neck. (1995)

An inexpensive, commercially available travel pillow filled with a suspension of attapulgite provided good suppression of inhomogeneous chemical-selective fat saturation in imaging of the head and neck. This device is assembled from readily available materials at a low cost and compares favorably with a commercially available perfluorochemical-filled device.
Colinearity between the DNAs of Epstein-Barr virus and herpesvirus papio (1981)

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and herpesvirus papio (HVPapio) DNAs share a common format and 40% homology. Labeled cloned fragments of EBV DNA were hybridized to blots of XbaI, EcoRI, HindIII, and SalI fragments of HVPapio DNA. EBV fragments which mapped from 2 x 10(6) to 54 x 10(6) and from 59 x 10(6) to 106 x 10(6) daltons hybridized to fragments at identical map positions in HVPapio DNA. Regions of nonhomology were demonstrated at 0 x 10(6) to 2 x 10(6), 54 x 10(6) to 59 10(6), and 106 x 10(6) to 115 x 10(6) daltons.
Mobile Phones and Economic Development: Evidence From the Fishing Industry in India (2007)

There is considerable speculation about the correlation between investments in telecommunications and economic development. Yet, there has been very little research on whether there is a connection between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and economic growth, and if indeed a connection can be established, how it works. Vast populations in developing countries live in rural areas and are subject to the vagaries of their highly inefficient markets. Mobile phones, by virtue of their role as carriers and conduits of information, ought to lessen the information asymmetries in markets, thereby making rural and undeveloped markets more efficient. This article tests this assumption using a case-study from India, where the fishing community in the southwestern state of Kerala has adopted mobile phones in large numbers.Using mobile phones at sea, fishermen are able to respond quickly to market demand and prevent unnecessary wastage of catch-fish being a highly perishable commodity-a common occurrence before the adoption of phones. At the marketing end, mobile phones help coordinate supply and demand, and merchants and transporters are able to take advantage of the free flow of price information by catering to demand in undersupplied markets. There is also far less wastage of time and resources in all segments of the fishing community. Fishermen spend less time idling on shore and at sea, whereas owners and agents go to the landing centers only when they receive information (via mobile phones) that their boats are about to dock. We find that with the widespread use of mobile phones, markets become more efficient as risk and uncertainty are reduced. There is greater market integration; there are gains in productivity and in the Marshallian surplus (sum of consumer and producer surplus); and price dispersion and price fluctuations are reduced. The potential efficiencies are, however, subject to easy access to capital, especially at the production end of the supply chain, without which the market remains less efficient than it could be. Finally, the quality of life of the fishermen improves as they feel less isolated and less at risk in emergencies. (c) 2007 by The Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
An adaptive equalizer for R-DAT (1989)

An automatic equalizer which reduces the intersymbol interference in digital magnetic recording is applied to the R-DAT (rotary-heads digital audio tape recorder). This equalizer improves the rate of errors caused by the various characteristics of tapes and heads. The hardware implementation is described, and performance results are presented. The technique could be applied to other high-density recording systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Interaction between Human Plasma Lipoproteins and Connective Tissue Glycosaminoglycans (1972)

Abstract The interaction between human plasma lipoproteins and glycosaminoglycans has been studied by use of gels consisting of cross-linked hyaluronic acid and of sulfated glycosaminoglycans covalently attached to agarose (Sepharose 4B). When chromatographed on a column of granulated hyaluronic acid gel at physiological pH and ionic strength, very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL), and high density (HDL) lipoproteins were shown to emerge with the void volume, indicating that no significant binding to the polysaccharide had occurred. Equilibration of the same lipoproteins with glycosaminoglycan-substituted agarose gels at pH 7.4 showed that VLDL as well as LDL were bound to gels containing heparin, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and chondroitin 4-sulfate, provided the ionic strength was sufficiently low. In contrast, HDL and acetylated specimens of VLDL and LDL did not bind to the gels at any ionic strength. The observed interactions have been interpreted as an ionic binding of positively charged amino groups on apolipoprotein B to negatively charged groups on the glycosaminoglycans. The range of ionic strength at which each lipoprotein was released from a polysaccharide was relatively narrow and depended on the type of polysaccharide. For the release of half the amounts of VLDL, or LDL, bound to gels of heparin, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and chondroitin 4-sulfate, ionic strengths of 0.26, 0.15, 0.09, and 0.08, respectively, were required. The results were interpreted in terms of an electrostatic binding between polyvalent anionic and cationic sites with the charge density of the polysaccharide being an important parameter for the strength of the ionic bond. At equal charge density, polysaccharides containing l-iduronic acid seemed to interact more strongly than those containing d-glucuronic acid.
Beta-agonists improve the carcass but may reduce meat quality in sheep (1988)

Various beta-agonists appear to be effective compounds to improve carcass quality. They do this by reducing fatness, repartitioning the energy into extra lean tissue and improving killing-out proportion. Potentially though, they could also have undesirable effects on meat quality since catecholamines can stimulate glycogenolysis ante-mortem and so reduce the potential for muscle acidification after death. However, in contrast to the large amount of work on the effects of beta-agonists on carcass quality there appears to be little on meat quality. In this work therefore we examined the influence of two beta-agonists on aspects of lean meat quality in sheep. Twenty-four castrated male sheep were divided into three groups and Individually fed a complete pelleted diet containing 12.9% protein. One group was a control, one was given Cimaterol (10 mg/kg diet) and one was fed Clenbuterol (2 mg/kg diet).
Protocol for hiding movement of mobile nodes in mobile IPv6 (2006)

When a mobile node roams, its location information can be revealed from the IP prefix information of its care-of ad- dress. This paper proposes a protocol to hide the relationship between home address and care-of address of a mobile node. In the protocol, any two real addresses regarding route optimization will never be included in a traffic packet. Hence the movement of a mobile node can be hidden from third party monitoring. The protocol changes neither the format of the binding update nor the format of IP packets in Mobile IPv6.
Norgestrel, A Low Dose, Oral Progestogen for Fertility Control (1968)

264 women (about 50% private patients), all less than 40 years old and none with history contraindicating oral contraception, were started on a regimen with Ovral (.5 mg norgestrel and .05 mg ethinyl estradiol). Medication started on Day 5 of a menstrual cycle. Then therapy followed a 3 weeks on, 7 days off schedule. Patients continued for 1-22 cycles (mean 7 cycles) for a total of 1918 cycles. Despite the omission of 42 doses by 32 patients, no pregnancies occurred. The percentages of cycles with average flow, spotting, breakthrough bleeding, and dysmenorrhea were 74.4, 2.5, .4, and .6, respectively. The incidence of amenorrhea, .2%, was spectacularly low in comparison with findings in other studies. Papanicolaou smears (483) were all normal (Class I or II). Morphologic changes seen at endometrial biopsy (61) were similar to those produced by other available progestogen-estrogen compounds. No significant variation from control findings (1878) were found in 1463 laboratory studies. The studies included leukocyte and differential counts (724), and determinations of hemoglobin and hematocrit (388), fasting blood sugar and blood urea nitrogen (114), bilirubin and liver function (61), and renal function (176). Minor symptoms (nausea, vomiting, headache, etc.) were few and disappeared after the first few cycles. The preparation suppresses ovulation (probably through action of the estrogen), probably alters the cervical mucus to inhibit sperm penetration, possibly interferes with nidation, and may interfere with follicular development.
Distribution of 8-Quinolinol between Water and Chloroform as a Function of pH (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDistribution of 8-Quinolinol between Water and Chloroform as a Function of pHTherald Moeller and Fred L. PundsackCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 9, 2258–2259Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01105a511https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01105a511research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High performance ultrathin SOI MOSFET's obtained by localized oxidation (1994)

In this paper, we present a new and simple method to process ultrathin fully depleted SOI MOSFET's. Series resistance problems in the full-wafer thinning method are presented and compared with our locally thinned process. Device design of the method is also discussed in terms of current level. The comparison of different process architectures allows us to define the best design rules for these transistors. To validate the method, experimental characteristics of locally thinned accumulation-mode MOSFET's are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent trends and prospects for agricultural commodity exports in sub-Saharan Africa (1989)

Sub - Sahran African (SSA) countries have seen sharp declines in their shares of agricultural export markets. But their export dependence on the most important crops - coffee and cocoa - has increased. Comparisons in the region and with countries outside the region show the importance of appropriate exchange rates and producer pricing policies, as well as support for technological advancement, for good performance in these sectors. Some countries have successfully introduced changes in these policy areas. Changes are also needed in domestic marketing systems to enable flexible responses to market demands in such areas as quality. For their major agricultural export products - coffee, cocoa, cotton, groundnut oil, palm oil, sugar and tobacco - prospects for world market growth and for increases in SSA's market shares are generally only fair. So, without further policy changes to improve performance, the regions' agricultural income terms of trade for these commodities is expected to recover only slowly from the sharp decline after 1985.
Sugar fatty acid ester surfactants: Base‐catalyzed hydrolysis (2000)

Abstract Rate constants for the base‐catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose laurate, sucrose α‐sulfonyl laurate, and sucrose α‐ethyl laurate were measured at several temperatures in pH 11 buffer. Activation energies and Arrhenius factors for the hydrolysis reactions were determined. At 27°C, sucrose laurate hydrolyzed fastest and sucrose α‐ethyl laurate slowest. Activation energies and Arrhenius factors showed that both steric and electronic factors affect the rates of ester hydrolysis. Other work has shown that bacterial hydrolysis of sugar fatty acid esters is inhibited in the presence of either α‐sulfonyl or α‐alkyl groups. A kinetic study of base‐catalyzed ester hydrolysis has revealed reasons for the inhibition of bacterial hydrolysis and provided information regarding ester stability at elevated pH.
Security and privacy enablers for future identity management systems (2022)

In recent years, Identity Management (IdM) has gained a lot of attention in industry, standardisation and academia. In particular, a couple of research projects, like Daidalos or Prime, have invested considerable effort to bring IdM forward, to take advantage of features like improved usability and security. Nevertheless, there are important issues that have not been addressed so far. The SWIFT project leverages IdM as a key technology of the Future Internet, tackling problems like the integration of the network and application layer from an IdM perspective as well as the use of electronic identity cards. Moreover, aspects like the integration of several user devices, backward compatibility and new access control infrastructure are required by future IdM solutions. We consider all these as pects by extending existing IdM solutions with six new security and privacy enablers that are part of the overall SWIFT framework. These enablers have been partially implemented towards a new IdM architecture. First evaluation results of the implementation are promising to pave the way towards future IdM solutions.
Traveling wave tube characteristics for finite values of C (1954)

Values of some of the wave characteristics used in traveling wave tube analysis are presented in the form of curves. These curves include data valid under conditions in which the gain parameter C is finite (with values up to 0.5) and for relatively large values of the space charge parameter QC (up to 2).
The HotMedia architecture: progressive and interactive rich media for the Internet (2001)

HotMedia is a novel scalable solution for delivering interactive rich media over the Internet. It is a delivery-suitable file format that can contain heterogeneous compositions of media bit streams as well as meta-data that define the behavior, composition, and interaction semantics. This enables the creation of lightweight single-file representations of interactive, multiphase presentations involving multiple media-type content. The HotMedia client has a smart content algorithm that infers types from the incoming data stream and fetches the media renderer components, user-interface components, and hyper-linked action components, all just-in-time, resulting in progressive and contest driven enrichment of the user experience. Internet users get a simple initial experience with minimal latency followed by enrichment of this experience. HotMedia has an open and extensible architecture, which enables and encourages the inclusion of new media-types, user-interfaces, and hyper-linked actions. By separating media-rendering from action-performing, it lets all media handle the same actions. HotMedia can also track on the server-side, user interactions and user-experience associated parameters. In its simplest usage HotMedia requires no more than a regular web server for delivery and no client-side preinstallation.
Virtual MIMO Channels in Cooperative Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

In this paper we analyze the performance of virtual multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels for multi-hop transmission in wireless sensor networks. First, we propose a clustered network topology with sensor nodes grouped in collaborative sets attending to proximity. Then, we propose that all nodes belonging to any given cluster cooperatively transmit and receive data from other clusters, exploiting the diversity advantages of cluster-to-cluster virtual MIMO channels. In order to construct the cooperative transmission, we arrange each hop into two consecutive time slots: the intracluster slot, that accounts for data sharing within the cluster, and the intercluster slot for transmission between clusters; and we devise a cooperative reception protocol within the clusters based upon a simplified selection diversity algorithm. Optimum time assignment and power allocation for both slots are derived taking the cluster-to-cluster probability of outage as the metric. Results for one hop networks and for multi-hop networks are obtained, showing substantial diversity gains and energy savings. Furthermore, results show that the performance of the proposed virtual MIMO channels is equal to that of real MIMO channels but for a small SNR loss.
58.1: <i>Distinguished Paper</i> : Development of Super Hi‐Vision 8Kx4K Direct‐View LCD for Next Generation TV (2012)

Abstract We have successfully developed a LCD for Super Hi‐Vision. This LCD has a panel of 7680 by 4320 pixels, which is 16 times as many as that of conventional Full‐HD, and it features a diagonal screen size of 85 inches. A single pixel measures 0.245 mm (103PPI). The brightness has been achieved 300 cd/m 2 or higher by using low‐load interconnection and UV 2 A technologies. Additionally, the LC charging time has been extended by quad area and double source line structures. Furthermore, we realized the real‐time display of huge image data with a transmission rate of 72Gbps by high‐definition mounting and high‐speed video processing technologies.
Discretely Coding Semantic Rank Orders for Supervised Image Hashing (2017)

Learning to hash has been recognized to accomplish highly efficient storage and retrieval for large-scale visual data. Particularly, ranking-based hashing techniques have recently attracted broad research attention because ranking accuracy among the retrieved data is well explored and their objective is more applicable to realistic search tasks. However, directly optimizing discrete hash codes without continuous-relaxations on a nonlinear ranking objective is infeasible by either traditional optimization methods or even recent discrete hashing algorithms. To address this challenging issue, in this paper, we introduce a novel supervised hashing method, dubbed Discrete Semantic Ranking Hashing (DSeRH), which aims to directly embed semantic rank orders into binary codes. In DSeRH, a generalized Adaptive Discrete Minimization (ADM) approach is proposed to discretely optimize binary codes with the quadratic nonlinear ranking objective in an iterative manner and is guaranteed to converge quickly. Additionally, instead of using 0/1 independent labels to form rank orders as in previous works, we generate the listwise rank orders from the high-level semantic word embeddings which can quantitatively capture the intrinsic correlation between different categories. We evaluate our DSeRH, coupled with both linear and deep convolutional neural network (CNN) hash functions, on three image datasets, i.e., CIFAR-10, SUN397 and ImageNet100, and the results manifest that DSeRH can outperform the state-of-the-art ranking-based hashing methods.