gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nursing Considerations in the use of Cidofovir for CMV Retinitis in Patients with AIDS: Report of a Roundtable Meeting (1997)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, a late complication of infection with HIV, generally leads to blindness if untreated. Although the retinal damage from CMV cannot be reversed, disease progression can be arrested with any one of three antiviral agents, which must be continued indefinitely. Intravenous ganciclovir and foscarnet, the earliest therapies, must be administered every day and require placement of an indwelling catheter. Cidofovir, a newly introduced intravenous antiviral, requires the least frequent administration; after two once-a-week induction doses, maintenance therapy is given only once every other week. However, cidofovir is potentially nephrotoxic and must be coadministered with nephroprotective probenecid and saline hydration. Careful adherence to treatment administration guidelines for cidofovir and probenecid is essential for safe administration of both drugs. Averting and managing adverse reactions to cidofovir and probenecid may present a true nursing challenge; however, with proper patient selection and appropriate use, cidofovir has the potential to greatly enhance the quality of life of a patient with CMV retinitis.
Cu(OTf)<sub>2</sub>-Mediated Fluorination of Aryltrifluoroborates with Potassium Fluoride (2013)

This Communication describes the Cu(OTf)2-mediated fluorination of aryltrifluoroborates with KF. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions (at 60 °C over 20 h) and shows a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance. The Cu is proposed to play two separate roles in this transformation: (1) as a mediator for the aryl–F coupling and (2) as an oxidant for accessing a proposed Cu(III)(aryl)(F) intermediate.
Catalyst Design of Vaska-Type Iridium Complexes for Highly Efficient Synthesis of π-Conjugated Enamines (2015)

The appropriate design of a ligand (L) in IrCl(CO)(L)2 (4) realized the efficient synthesis of π-conjugated enamines possessing hole-transport properties. The iridium complex with electron-withdrawing phosphorus ligands catalyzed the hydrosilylation of amides to the corresponding silylhemiaminals, which were transformed to the enamines by heat or by treatment with acids. High catalytic efficiency (TON > 10,000) was achieved, which made it possible for the residual iridium in the enamine product to be below 20 ppb.
The response of spring calving cows and their calves to sward height (1986)

There is a need to introduce objectivity into the management of grassland under continuous stocking so that management decisions can be taken in response to changing conditions, and at the same time allow the consequence of these decision to be predictable. There is much interest in using sward height as an objective criterion by which to manage grassland under continuous stocking. An experiment was conducted to examine the performance of spring calving cows and their calves when continuously grazing swards maintained at a range of sward heights. Initially nine cows (four Hereford x Friesian and five Blue-Grey) and their Charolais cross calves which had been born in March - April were turned out in mid-May to each of five sward surface height treatments. Treatments 1, 3 and 5 were one field and Treatments 2 and 4 in another. The botanical composition of each treatment is shown in Table 1. Sward length was measured twice weekly using the H.F.R.O. Swardstick, and maintained by the addition and removal of non-experimental cows and calves. Because of excessive rainfall and very wet soil conditions the numbers of annuals were reduced below nine on some of the treatments, and the two lowest sward height treatments were abandoned in mid-August because of damage to soil structure. From mid-August until the end of September only the upper three treatments continued.
Service Mobility in Mobile Networks (2015)

In the current mobile network architecture, network traffic between user equipment (UE) and services deployed on the public cloud is tromboned towards the anchor point which could lead to network congestion. Deploying services closer to the UE, for example near the eNodeB, is a potential solution. The services are deployed on small scale data centers connected to, or collocated with the eNodeB, called 'eNodeB-Cloud' (eNBC). Mobility of UEs presents a challenge for deploying services in an eNBC. When the UE is handed over from one eNodeB to another, seamless migration of UE context between the service instances running in different eNBCs needs to be ensured. In this paper, we propose a Platform as a Service framework to enable UE context migration between eNBCs. The architecture consists of handover signaling mechanism, TCP session migration technology, context transfer protocol and a set of APIs towards the service. An evaluation of the prototype implementation shows that on an average the time taken to migrate a UE context between two eNBCs is in the order of 12 ms, which is within the limit of handover interruption time between two eNodeBs.
Silver-epoxy microwave filters and thermalizers for millikelvin experiments (2014)

We present silver-epoxy filters combining excellent microwave attenuation with efficient wire thermalization, suitable for low temperature quantum transport experiments. Upon minimizing parasitic capacitances, the attenuation reaches ≥100 dB above ≈150 MHz and—when capacitors are added—already above ≈30 MHz. We measure the device electron temperature with a GaAs quantum dot and demonstrate excellent filter performance. Upon improving the sample holder and adding a second filtering stage, we obtain electron temperatures as low as 7.5 ± 0.2 mK in metallic Coulomb blockade thermometers.
Corrosion Resistance of Iron-Based Amorphous Metal Coatings (2006)

New amorphous-metal thermal-spray coatings have been developed recently that may provide a viable coating option for spent nuclear fuel & high-level waste repositories [Pang et al. 2002; Shinimiya et al. 2005; Ponnambalam et al. 2004; Branagan et al. 2000–2004]. Some Fe-based amorphous-metal formulations have been found to have corrosion resistance comparable to that of high-performance alloys such as Ni-based Alloy C-22 [Farmer et al. 2004–2006]. These materials rely on Cr, Mo and W for enhanced corrosion resistance, while B is added to promote glass formation and Y is added to lower the critical cooling rate (CCR). Materials discussed in this paper include yttrium-containing SAM1651 with CCR ∼ 80 K/s and yttrium-free Formula 2C with CCR ∼ 600 K/s. While nickel-based Alloy C-22 and Type 316L stainless steel lose their resistance to corrosion during thermal spraying, Fe-based SAM1651 and Formula 2C amorphous-metal coatings can be applied with thermal spray processes without any significant loss of corrosion resistance. In the future, such corrosion-resistant thermal-spray coatings may enable the development of less expensive containers for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level waste (HLW), including enhanced multipurpose containers (MPCs), protected closure welds, and shields to protect containers from drips and falling rocks. These materials are extremely hard and provide enhanced resistance to abrasion and gouges from backfill operations. For example, Type 316L stainless steel has a hardness of approximately 150 VHN, Alloy C-22 has a hardness of approximately 250 VHN, while the Fe-based amorphous metals typically have hardness values of 1100–1300 VHN. Both Formula 2C and SAM1651 have high boron content which allow them to absorb neutrons, and therefore be used for enhanced criticality control. Cost savings can also be realized through the substitution of Fe-based alloy for Ni-based materials. Applications are also envisioned in oil & gas industry.
Qualifying the cytologic diagnosis of "atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance" affects the predictive value of a squamous intraepithelial lesion on subsequent biopsy. (1998)

Qualifying atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance stratifies women into different risk groups for squamous intraepithelial lesion. It is reasonable for physicians to make patient management decisions based, at least in part, on such qualifications.
Radially Anisotropic Ring/Arc-Shaped Rare-Earth Bonded Magnets Using a Self-Organization Technique (2004)

We developed a new technique using self-organization of binder that enabled the alignment of a molecular chain. By using this technique, we controlled the flexibility of Nd-Fe-B-based rigid sheet magnets, transformed them into various shapes, and succeeded in preparing radially anisotropic ring- or arc-shaped magnets. Optimizations of the consolidation process of the self-organization binder under a transverse alignment field and the transformation process into various specific shapes realized radially anisotropic magnets with 160 kJ/m/sup 3/ in (BH)/sub max/.
Multi-attribute retrieval with combined indexes (1970)

In this paper a file organization scheme designed to replace the use of the popular secondary index filing scheme (or inverted files on secondary key fields) is described. Through the use of redundancy and storing keys (or access numbers of the records) that satisfy different combinations of secondary index values in “buckets,” it is possible to retrieve all keys satisfying any input query derived from a subset of fields by a single access to an index file, although each bucket may be used for many combinations of values and a combination of buckets may be required for a given query. The method which, in its degenerate case, becomes the conventional secondary index filing scheme works similarly but has the following advantages: (1) the elimination of multiple accesses in many cases; (2) the elimination of false drops; (3) the elimination of computer time to perform intersection of key sets each qualified for one secondary index field only; and (4) the avoidance of long strings of keys when an index field appearing in a query has very few possible values. Redundancy, in some cases, is the same as the secondary indexing method. In the general case, trade-off between the number of accesses for query and redundancy exists.
All-fiber 50 W coherently combined passive laser array (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate 50 W of spontaneously phase-locked two-laser array in an all-fiber and all-passive configuration using large-mode-area (LMA) polarization-maintaining fiber laser cavities and an LMA fiber coupler. We show that both laser cavity length difference and fiber nonlinearity play an important role in achieving efficient and stable coherent beam combining. In addition, we compare the difference in coherent combining efficiency by using fibers with different mode-field diameters and discuss the underlying phase-locking mechanism and its power scalability.
Rapid Scanning Microspectrofluorimeter (1960)

An apparatus is described in which spectra of microscopic objects can be continuously scanned. An adjustable linear spiral slit rotated at 2 rps provides an oscillographic presentation of either emission or absorption spectra. The apparatus was developed primarily for the study of fluorescent structure in connection with the photochemistry of living cells. An alternate modification provides the simultaneous recording of the time course of spectral changes at several selected wavelengths. Performance data and examples of biological application are presented.
A new TriBeam system for three-dimensional multimodal materials analysis (2012)

The unique capabilities of ultrashort pulse femtosecond lasers have been integrated with a focused ion beam (FIB) platform to create a new system for rapid 3D materials analysis. The femtosecond laser allows for in situ layer-by-layer material ablation with high material removal rates. The high pulse frequency (1 kHz) of ultrashort (150 fs) laser pulses can induce material ablation with virtually no thermal damage to the surrounding area, permitting high resolution imaging, as well as crystallographic and elemental analysis, without intermediate surface preparation or removal of the sample from the chamber. The TriBeam system combines the high resolution and broad detector capabilities of the DualBeam(TM) microscope with the high material removal rates of the femtosecond laser, allowing 3D datasets to be acquired at rates 4-6 orders of magnitude faster than 3D FIB datasets. Design features that permit coupling of laser and electron optics systems and positioning of a stage in the multiple analysis positions are discussed. Initial in situ multilayer data are presented.
Design and Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship of 3-Amidinobenzyl-1<i>H</i>-indole-2-carboxamides as Potent, Nonchiral, and Selective Inhibitors of Blood Coagulation Factor Xa (2002)

A series of 138 nonchiral 3-amidinobenzyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamides and analogues as inhibitors of the blood coagulation enzyme factor Xa (fXa) were designed, synthesized, and investigated by X-ray structure analysis and 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies (CoMFA, CoMSIA) in order to identify important protein-ligand interactions responsible for biological affinity and selectivity. Several compounds from this series are highly potent and selective inhibitors of this important enzyme linking extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways. To rationalize biological affinity and to provide guidelines for further design, all compounds were docked into the factor Xa binding site. Those docking studies were based on X-ray structures of factor Xa in complex with literature-known inhibitors. It was possible to validate those binding modes by four X-ray crystal structures of representative ligands in factor Xa, while one ligand was additionally crystallized in trypsin to rationalize requirements for selective factor Xa inhibition. The 3D-QSAR models based on a superposition rule derived from these docking studies were validated using conventional and cross-validated r(2) values using the leave-one-out method and repeated analyses using two randomly chosen cross-validation groups plus randomization of biological activities. This led to consistent and highly predictive 3D-QSAR models with good correlation coefficients for both CoMFA and CoMSIA, which were found to correspond to experimentally determined factor Xa binding site topology in terms of steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic complementarity. Subsets selected as smaller training sets using 2D fingerprints and maximum dissimilarity methods resulted in 3D-QSAR models with remarkable correlation coefficients and a high predictive power. The final quantitative SAR information agrees with all experimental data for the binding topology and thus provides reasonable activity predictions for novel factor Xa inhibitors.
Capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis and pathogenicity in Erwinia stewartii require induction by an N-acylhomoserine lactone autoinducer (1995)

N-Acylhomoserine lactone (acyl-HSL)-mediated gene expression, also called autoinduction, is conserved among diverse gram-negative bacteria. In the paradigm Vibrio fischeri system, bioluminescence is autoinducible, and the lux operon requires the transcriptional activator LuxR and the acyl-HSL autoinducer for expression. The production of the acyl-HSL signal molecule is conferred by the luxI gene, and luxR encodes the transcriptional regulator. We show here that Erwinia stewartii, the etiological agent of Stewart's wilt of sweet corn, synthesizes an acyl-HSL. Mass spectral analysis identified the signal molecule as N-(-3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, which is identical to the V. fischeri autoinducer. We have cloned and sequenced the gene that confers acyl-HSL biosynthesis, called esaI, and the linked gene, esaR, that encodes a gene regulator. The two genes are convergently transcribed and show an unusual overlap of 31 bp at their 3' ends. Sequence analysis indicates that EsaI and EsaR are homologs of LuxI and LuxR, respectively. EsaR can repress its own expression but seems not to regulate the expression of esaI. The untranslated 5' region of esaR contains an inverted repeat with similarity to the lux box-like elements located in the promoter regions of other gene systems regulated by autoinduction. However, unlike the other systems, in which the inverted repeats are located upstream of the -35 promoter elements, the esaR-associated repeat overlaps a putative -10 element. We mutagenized the esaI gene in E. stewartii by gene replacement. The mutant no longer produced detectable levels of the acyl-HSL signal, leading to a concomitant loss of extracellular polysaccharide capsule production and pathogenicity. Both phenotypes were restored by complementation with esal or by exogenous addition of the acyl-HSL.
Recycling of treated domestic effluent from an on-site wastewater treatment system for hydroponics (2005)

An alternative method to conserve water and produce crops in arid regions is through hydroponics. Application of treated wastewater for hydroponics will help in stripping off nutrients from wastewater, maximising reuse through reduced evaporation losses, increasing control on quality of water and reducing risk of pathogen contamination. This study focuses on the efficiency of treated wastewater from an on-site aerobic wastewater treatment unit. The experiment aimed to investigate 1) nutrient reduction 2) microbial reduction and 3) growth rate of plants fed on wastewater compared to a commercial hydroponics medium. The study revealed that the chemical and microbial quality of wastewater after hydroponics was safe and satisfactory for irrigation and plant growth rate in wastewater hydroponics was similar to those grown in a commercial medium.
A Neopullulanase-type<i>α</i>-Amylase Gene from<i>Thermoactinomyces vulgaris</i>R-47 (1993)

Shimizu et al. and ourselves have reported some enzymatic properties of an alpha-amylase from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 that hydrolyzed pullulan to produce panose [M. Shimizu et al., Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 1681-1688 (1978); Y. Sakano et al., Agric. Biol. Chem., 46, 1121-1129 (1982)]. In this study, we cloned a gene for an alpha-amylase, which was different from the one mentioned above but also hydrolyzed pullulan to produce panose, from T. vulgaris R-47, and analyzed the entire primary structure of the gene. We designated the previously reported enzyme as T. vulgaris alpha-amylase I (TVA I), and this novel enzyme as T. vulgaris alpha-amylase II (TVA II). The nucleotide sequence had an open reading frame of 1755 base pairs corresponding to a protein of 585 amino acid residues. Although this novel alpha-amylase, TVA II, hydrolyzed both pullulan and starch, the ratio of pullulan-hydrolyzing activity to starch-hydrolyzing activity of the enzyme was higher than that of TVA I, and the primary structure of the enzyme resembled neopullulanase, which scarcely hydrolyzed starch, rather than that of TVA I.
Dipyridamole May Induce Migraine in Patients With Migraine Without Aura (2006)

Dipyridamole inhibits phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and adenosine re-uptake. The most prominent side-effect is headache. We examined the migraine-generating effects of dipyridamole as well as the cerebral blood velocity response in a single-blind study, including 10 patients with migraine without aura and 10 healthy subjects. Dipyridamole 0.142 mg/kg per min was administered intravenously. Headache intensity was scored on a verbal rating scale along with pain characteristics and accompanying symptoms. Blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery (V(mca)), blood pressure and heart rate were recorded repeatedly. Headache was induced in all migraine patients and in eight of 10 healthy subjects (P = 0.47) with no significant difference in headache intensity (P = 0.53). However, five patients but only one healthy subject experienced the symptoms of migraine without aura, according to ICHD-2 criteria, within 12 h (P = 0.14). Four patients reported photophobia after dipyridamole compared with no healthy subjects (P = 0.087). V(mca) decreased (P < 0.001) during and after dipyridamole infusion with no difference between groups (P = 0.15) coinciding with initiation, but not cessation of immediate headache. Thus, dipyridamole induces symptoms of migraine and an initial decrease in V(mca) in migraine patients, but not significantly more than in healthy subjects. This relatively low frequency of migraine induction, compared with nitric oxide donors and sildenafil, is probably due to the less specific action of dipyridamole on the cGMP signalling pathway as well as a possible bidirectional effect of adenosine on migraine induction.
Efficient Wideband Channelizer for Software Radio Systems Using Modulated PR Filterbanks (2004)

An efficient method is proposed for channelizing frequency division multiplexed (FDM) channels in wideband software radio (SWR) received signals that do not satisfy the conditions required for polyphase decomposition of the discrete filterbank (DFB) channelizer. The proposed method, which uses modulated perfect reconstruction (PR) filterbanks, requires fewer computations than DFBs for channelizing wideband signals that are composed of FDM channels of nonequal bandwidths, especially when a large number of channels are extracted. The proposed channelizer, if applied in the reverse direction, can be used to synthesize a set of channels with nonequal bandwidths into a single wideband signal in SWR transmitters. A method is also proposed for efficiently designing the modulated PR filterbanks, which have a large number of subchannels and prototype filters with high stopband attenuations that are used in the proposed channelizer. The computational complexity of the proposed channelizer is compared with the complexity of the DFB channelizer for channelizing the wideband and high-dynamic-range signals that are typical of SWR systems, and simulation results of the proposed channelization method are discussed.
Performance comparison of active-sender and active-receiver policies for distributed caching (2003)

The authors propose a distributed caching approach to off-loading data access requests from overloaded data servers in a distributed system to nodes that are idle or less busy. Helping out the busy servers on data accesses, the idle or less busy nodes are called mutual servers. Frequently accessed data are cached in the main memory of mutual servers in addition to server and client local caches. The authors evaluate several data propagation strategies among data servers and mutual servers. Simulation results show that the active-sender passive-receiver policy is the method of choice in most cases. Active-sender policies are best able to exploit the main memory of other idle nodes in the expected normal condition where some nodes are overloaded and others are less loaded. All active policies perform far better than the policy without distributed caching.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>