gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization and Permeation Study of Novel Topically Applied Antilipemic Lotion Using Central Composite Design (2014)

In this study, synergistic effect of penetration enhancers, namely propylene glycol (PG) and sodium lauryl Sulphate (SLS) on transdermal absorption of 2-Methyl-2-phenoxy-propionic acid (MPA) was evaluated with aid of response surface methodology (RSM) based formulations. The prepared formulations were characterised and subsequently subjected to diffusion cell experiments through a well-established skin mimic, namely silicone membrane. Data obtained were statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. Comparisons were made with the control and among different parameters of formulations. PG (X1) and SLS (X2) were selected as independent variables, whereas the cumulative amount of MPA were used to calculate dependent permeation kinetic parameters like lag time (t<SUB>lag</SUB>) and enhancement ratios (ER). It was observed from the results that PG had a significant effect on MPA absorption from the lotion followed by SLS and their combination showed a significant enhancement (p< 0.05) in the flux from the formulated lotions compared to the control. The highest enhancement ratio (ER=8.6) was observed for L4. Contour plots were then drawn to depict the relationship between independent and response variables. Among the formulations, L4 showed highest flux value with less lag time (12.2 min), thereby, identified and selected as an optimized formulation. In conclusion, the combination of PG and SLS can be successfully utilized as permeation enhancers for transdermal drug delivery of MPA with minimal side effects.
Refining intensive care unit outcome prediction by using changing probabilities of mortality (1988)

Estimating prognosis is potentially useful as a measure of ICU performance and as a guide for the clinical care of individual patients. In this study, mortality prediction models (MPMs) for patients in an adult general medical-surgical ICU were derived from data gathered at ICU admission and after 24 and 48 h of ICU care. A predictive model was developed which incorporated a sequence of probabilities collected over time in the ICU. The results of this study suggest that using serial observations may enhance substantially the usefulness of the MPM as a vehicle for helping families anticipate the patients' likely outcome.
Antipsychotic Benzamides Amisulpride and LB-102 Display Polypharmacy as Racemates, <i>S</i> Enantiomers Engage Receptors D<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>3</sub>, while <i>R</i> Enantiomers Engage 5-HT<sub>7</sub> (2019)

Benzamide antipsychotics such as amisulpride are dosed as racemates though efficacy is assumed to be mediated through <i>S</i> enantiomer binding to D<sub>2</sub> receptors. At prescribed doses, the benzamides likely display polypharmacy since brain exposure should be sufficient to engage the 5-HT<sub>7</sub> receptors, as well. Curiously, the studies herein reveal that racemic dosing is required to engage both targets since the D<sub>2</sub> receptor has an almost 40-fold selectivity for the <i>S</i> enantiomer, while the 5-HT<sub>7</sub> receptor has greater than 50-fold preference for the <i>R</i> enantiomer.
Generalized feedback detection for spatial multiplexing multi-antenna systems (2008)

We present a unified detection framework for spatial multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems by generalizing Heller's classical feedback decoding algorithm for convolutional codes. The resulting generalized feedback detector (GFD) is characterized by three parameters: window size, step size and branch factor. Many existing MIMO detectors are turned out to be special cases of the GFD. Moreover, different parameter choices can provide various performance-complexity tradeoffs. The connection between MIMO detectors and tree search algorithms is also established. To reduce redundant computations in the GFD, a shared computation technique is proposed by using a tree data structure. Using a union bound based analysis of the symbol error rates, the diversity order and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain are derived analytically as functions of the three parameters; for example, the diversity order of the GFD varies between 1 and N. The complexity of the GFD varies between those of the maximum-likelihood (ML) detector and the zero-forcing decision feedback detector (ZF-DFD). Extensive computer simulation results are also provided.
AMIL: Localizing neighboring mobile devices through a simple gesture (2016)

Smartphone users are often grouped to exchange files or perform collaborative tasks when meeting together. We argue that the location information of group members is critical to many mobile applications. Existing localization solutions mostly rely on anchor nodes or infrastructures to perform ranging and positioning. These approaches are inefficient for ad hoc scenarios. In this paper, we propose AMIL, an Acoustic Mobility-Induced TDoA (Time-Difference-of-Arrival)-based Localization scheme for smartphones. In AMIL, a smartphone user can use simple gestures (e.g., hold the phone and draw a triangle in the air) to quickly obtain the relative coordinates of neighboring mobile devices. We have implemented and evaluated AMIL on off-the-shelf smartphones. The field tests have shown that our scheme can achieve less than three degree orientation errors and can successfully build a simple map of 12 people in an office room with average error of 50cm.
A Monoclonal Antibody to Cellular Transglutaminase (1985)

A cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for estimating cellular transglutaminase in situ using a monoclonal antibody produced to tissue transglutaminase. The minimum level of detection of TGase was 2-5 ng. The enzyme was present in greater amounts in WI-38 and IMR90 cells than in their simian virus-transformed counterparts. The levels of TGase in the virus-transformed cells increased significantly when the cells were grown in the presence of sodium butyrate to induce enzyme activity. Staining of confluent WI-38 cells by indirect immunofluorescence using the monoclonal antibody showed microscopic fibers suggesting that the enzyme may be associated with detergent-insoluble components.
A Multichannel Microwave Radio Relay System (1946)

An 8-channel microwave relay system is described. Known to the Army and Navy as AN/TRC-6, the system uses radio frequencies approaching 5,000 megacycles. At these frequencies, there is a complete absence of static and most manmade interference. The waves are concentrated into a sharp beam and do not travel along the earth much beyond seeing distances. Other systems using the same frequencies can be operated in the near vicinity. The transmitter power is only one four-millionth as great as would be required with nondirectional antennas. The distance between sets is limited but by using intermediate repeaters communications are extended readily to longer distances. Short pulses of microwave power carry the intelligence of the eight messages utilizing pulse position modulation to modulate the pulses and time division to multiplex the channels. The eight message circuits which each AN/TRC-6 system provides are high-grade telephone circuits and can be used for signaling, dialing, facsimile, picture transmission, or multichannel voice frequency telegraph. Two-way voice transmission over radio links totaling 1,600 miles, and one-way over 3,200 miles have been accomplished successfully in demonstrations.
Structure-property relationships of antiferroelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O{sub 3} based materials: Hydrostatic depoling characteristics (1997)

A novel technique has been developed for the synthesis of homogeneous, weakly agglomerated highly filterable Pb(Zr, Ti)O{sub 3} (PZT) powders. PZT 95/5 based ceramics were fabricated from these powders to determine interrelationships among microstructure, dielectric properties and pressure induced ferroelectric (FE) to antiferroelectric (AFE) phase transitions. Initial measurements indicate that microstructure has a substantial effect on hydrostatic depoling characteristics. While smaller grain size materials and higher switching pressures, subtleties in microstructure, which may include entrapped porosity, resulted in a more diffuse depoling characteristic. In addition, greater than 90% dense materials were obtained at process temperatures as low at 900{degrees}C. were only 30% of the values of PZT 95/5 fired at 1300{degrees}C, the dielectric constants of the 900{degrees}C materials were almost a factor of two higher. Backscattered electron Kikuchi pattern analysis determined that adjacent, nonlinear, irregularly shaped domain structures observed by electron channel imaging were 109{degrees} domains.
A system-level co-verification environment for ATM hardware design (1998)

Common approaches to hardware implementation of networking components start at the VHDL level and are based on the creation of regression test benches to perform simulative validation of functionality. The time needed to develop test benches has proven to be a significant bottleneck with respect to time-to-market requirements. In this paper, we describe the coupling of a telecommunication network simulator with a VHDL simulator and a hardware test board. This co-verification approach enables the designer of hardware for networking components to verify the functional correctness of a device under test against the corresponding algorithmic description and to perform functional chip verification by reusing test benches from a higher level of abstraction.
Association of vimentin intermediate filaments with the centrosome (1995)

SW-13 cells that lack cytoplasmic intermediate filaments (IFs) were stably transfected with a human vimentin cDNA expression vector. Isolated subclones displayed two prevalent patterns of vimentin distribution as observed by indirect immuno-localization: (1) cytoplasmic filaments characteristic of a vimentin IF network; and (2) a distinct, juxtanuclear focus with limited filamentous extensions. Comparative analysis of two subclones that uniquely segregated these patterns of vimentin organization indicated that vimentin accumulated as a perinuclear focus in cells that expressed a 4-fold lower level of the protein. The observed variation in cellular organization was not due to detectable differences in vimentin protein modification, as determined by two-dimensional gel analysis. Increasing the amount of vimentin in a low expressing clone by a secondary transfection with human or mouse vimentin cDNA resulted in well-dispersed, cytoplasmic filaments, suggesting that the distinct juxtanuclear organization of vimentin arose due to lower cellular vimentin levels. Employing anti-gamma-tubulin and anti-vimentin antibodies, dual immunofluorescence together with confocal microscopy revealed that the juxtanuclear focus of vimentin was located in the centrosomal region. Electron microscopy showed a spheroidal, filamentous structure with at least some filaments closely associated with the pericentriolar material (PCM). Because vimentin IF organization is at least partially dependent on microtubules, the effects of nocodazole and taxol on perinuclear vimentin foci were examined. Neither drug affected the juxtanuclear localization of foci, although taxol (10 microM, 5 hours) caused a release of pericentriolar gamma-tubulin from the nuclear region in 50-60% of the cells. These studies indicate that lower, in vivo, levels of vimentin fail to form extended IFs but rather are organized as a perinuclear aggregate. Moreover, the PCM of the centrosome appears to possess attachment sites for vimentin IFs.
Mask-off: Synthesizing Face Images in the Presence of Head-mounted Displays (2016)

A head-mounted display (HMD) could be an important component of augmented reality system. However, as the upper face region is seriously occluded by the device, the user experience could be affected in applications such as telecommunication and multi-player video games. In this paper, we first present a novel experimental setup that consists of two near-infrared (NIR) cameras to point to the eye regions and one visible-light RGB camera to capture the visible face region. The main purpose of this paper is to synthesize realistic face images without occlusions based on the images captured by these cameras. To this end, we propose a novel synthesis framework that contains four modules: 3D head reconstruction, face alignment and tracking, face synthesis, and eye synthesis. In face synthesis, we propose a novel algorithm that can robustly align and track a personalized 3D head model given a face that is severely occluded by the HMD. In eye synthesis, in order to generate accurate eye movements and dynamic wrinkle variations around eye regions, we propose another novel algorithm to colorize the NIR eye images and further remove the "red eye" effects caused by the colorization. Results show that both hardware setup and system framework are robust to synthesize realistic face images in video sequences.
A 2.5 Gbps CMOS data serializer (2003)

This paper describes the design of a 2.5 Gbps CMOS data serializer, including a low jitter multiphase phase-locked loop, a multiplexer, and an output buffer. High speed parallel to serial data conversion is toggled by the multiphase PLL. This serializer achieves a conversion rate of up to 312.5 Mbyte/s and a transmission speed of 2.5 Gbps. The measured RMS jitter is less than 6 ps from a 2.5 Gbps data output. The measured eye diagram meets OC-48 transition mask. Die size is 1062 /spl mu/m/spl times/1020 /spl mu/m.
Localization of Tritiated Thymidine in Articular Cartilage of Rabbits (1962)

1. Autoradiography after the administration of tritiated thymidine is an excellent tool for the qualitative demonstration of cellular reproduction. After intra-articular administration, there is a high degree of penetration of the label into the cartilage at the distal end of the femur. 2. In the immature rabbit, thymidine localization in the cartilaginous epiphysis occurs in two distinct layers, one subjacent to the articular surface and one in relation to the ossific nucleus of the epiphysis. 3. It is suggested that these two layers represent sites of interstitial growth of the cartilaginous epiphysis. The layers subjacent to the articular surface contribute to growth of the articular surface and the deeper layer contributes to the growth of the ossific nucleus of the epiphysis.
Multiple Organic Gas Detection by the Ball Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor (2010)

We discovered naturally collimated beam of surface acoustic wave (SAW) on balls and developed ball SAW sensor. It has an unique advantage of ultra-multiple roundtrips more than 100 turns. We achieved for the first time, sensing range of hydrogen from 10 ppm (0.001%) to 100% with a single sensor element, essential for hydrogen stations fuel cell cars. In this study, we describe the development of a MEMS palmtop gas chromatograph (GC) for organic volatile compound (VOC). It realized detection of hazardous gases in a reasonably short time, which will be applied for on-site monitoring of natural gas and fuel cell gases used at cars, home and smart grids.
Optimal servoing for active foveated vision (1996)

Foveated vision and two-mode tracking, as inspired by the human oculomotor system, are often used in active vision system. The purpose of this paper is to provide answers to the following basic questions which arise from implementations. First, is it beneficial to have foveated vision and what is the optimal size of the foveal window? Second, is there a need for two control mechanisms (smooth pursuit and saccade) for improved performance and how can one efficiently switch between them? In order to do so, a setup is proposed in which these strategies can be evaluated in a systematic manner. It is shown that the fovea appears as a compromise between the tightness of the tracking specifications and computational constraints. Introducing a model for the later and postulating some a priori knowledge of the target behavior, it is possible to compute the size of the fovea in an optimal way. As a by-product, "smooth-pursuit" can be defined in a natural way, and the use of a two-mode tracking scheme is justified. The second mode, i.e. "saccadic control", aims at re-centering the target on the fovea so that the smooth pursuit controller can continue to operate. It is shown that a control strategy can indeed be defined so that this objective can be met under appropriate operating conditions.
Multi-stage 20 Gbaud driver in 130 nm CMOS for segmented Mach-Zehnder optical modulators (2016)

High speed silicon optical modulators must be compatible with CMOS drivers to reach their full potential for low cost and low power consumption. We designed a CMOS driver for a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) that has been segmented to lower required voltage swings on a per segment basis and to increase the speed. Previous inductor-less drivers produced on the same process, IBM 130 nm CMOS, ran at 10 Gb/s for on-off keying driving a traveling wave (not segmented) MZM. Our chip runs at 20 Gb/s input and performing logic on two data inputs to drive multiple segments to achieve PAM4 modulation, therefore enabling 40 Gb/s operation. The chip provides three drive signals, one for each segment of the MZM. Our measurements verify that at 20 Gb/s the driver provides 2V peak-to-peak voltage swing (4V p-p voltage swing in a push-pull configuration) over a 50Ω load.
Cervical Epidural Steroid Injections for Symptomatic Disc Herniations (2006)

Cervical epidural injections are a reasonable part of the nonoperative treatment of patients with symptomatic cervical disc herniations. The success rates appear to be very similar to prior studies of lumbar epidural injections for symptomatic lumbar disc herniations. It appears that a large percentage of the patients may obtain relief from radicular symptoms and avoid surgery for the follow-up period up to 1 year. In addition, patients older than 50 years and those who received the injections earlier, less than 100 days from diagnosis, seemed to have a more favorable outcome.
Square‐Wave Voltammetry: A Review on the Recent Progress (2013)

Abstract A review on the recent progress of square‐wave voltammetry is presented, covering the period of the last five years. The review addresses the new theoretical development of the technique as well as its application for mechanistic purposes, electrode kinetic measurements, biochemical and analytical applications. Besides, a few novel methodological modifications are proposed that might expand the scope and application of the technique.
Ionospheric electron enhancement preceding the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (2011)

[1] The 2011 March 11 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Mw9.0) caused vast damages to the country. Large events beneath dense observation networks could bring breakthroughs to seismology and geodynamics, and here I report one such finding. The Japanese dense network of Global Positioning System (GPS) detected clear precursory positive anomaly of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) around the focal region. It started ∼40 minutes before the earthquake and reached nearly ten percent of the background TEC. It lasted until atmospheric waves arrived at the ionosphere. Similar preseismic TEC anomalies, with amplitudes dependent on magnitudes, were seen in the 2010 Chile earthquake (Mw8.8), and possibly in the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman (Mw9.2) and the 1994 Hokkaido-Toho-Oki (Mw8.3) earthquakes, but not in smaller earthquakes.
Tracking and Tracing Cyber-Attacks: Technical Challenges and Global Policy Issues (2002)

In the cyber world, the current state of the practice regarding the technical ability to track and trace Internet-based attacks is primitive at best. Sophisticated attacks can be almost impossible to trace to their true source using current practices. The anonymity enjoyed by today's cyber-attackers poses a grave threat to the global information society, the progress of an information-based international economy, and the advancement of global collaboration and cooperation in all areas of human endeavor. Part I of this report examines the current state of the Internet environment and the reasons why tracking and tracing cyber-attackers is so difficult. Part II examines some promising research on technical approaches that may greatly improve the ability to track and trace cyber-attacks to their source. Also discussed are some policy considerations with regard to privacy, information sharing, liability, and other policy issues that would be faced by the U. S. State Department in negotiating international agreements for cooperation and collaboration in the tracking and tracing of cyber-attacks. The report concludes with a closer look at technical and policy considerations for next-generation Internet protocols to enhance track and trace capabilities.
From genome to phenome: Predicting multiple cancer phenotypes based on somatic genomic alterations via the genomic impact transformer (2019)

Cancers are mainly caused by somatic genomic alterations (SGAs) that perturb cellular signaling systems and eventually activate oncogenic processes. Therefore, understanding the functional impact of SGAs is a fundamental task in cancer biology and precision oncology. Here, we present a deep neural network model with encoder-decoder architecture, referred to as genomic impact transformer (GIT), to infer the functional impact of SGAs on cellular signaling systems through modeling the statistical relationships between SGA events and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tumors. The model utilizes a multi-head self-attention mechanism to identify SGAs that likely cause DEGs, or in other words, differentiating potential driver SGAs from passenger ones in a tumor. GIT model learns a vector (gene embedding) as an abstract representation of functional impact for each SGA-affected gene. Given SGAs of a tumor, the model can instantiate the states of the hidden layer, providing an abstract representation (tumor embedding) reflecting characteristics of perturbed molecular/cellular processes in the tumor, which in turn can be used to predict multiple phenotypes. We apply the GIT model to 4,468 tumors profiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. The attention mechanism enables the model to better capture the statistical relationship between SGAs and DEGs than conventional methods, and distinguishes cancer drivers from passengers. The learned gene embeddings capture the functional similarity of SGAs perturbing common pathways. The tumor embeddings are shown to be useful for tumor status representation, and phenotype prediction including patient survival time and drug response of cancer cell lines.
Immunosuppressive Resveratrol Aneuploids from <i>Hopea chinensis</i> (2010)

Two novel resveratrol aneuploids, hopeachinols A (1) and B (2), as well as a potent immunosuppressive polyphenol diptoindonesin G (3) were characterized from the ethanol extract of Hopea chinensis stem barks. The structure of the polyphenols was accommodated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis with the absolute stereochemistry determined by the CD approach coupled with theoretical ECD spectra computer-generated through the Gaussian 03 program. The distinct structure and biological profile of 3 recommended it as a starting molecule for the relevant drug discovery.
Design methodology of multiple-valued logic voltage-mode storage circuits (2002)

A novel methodology designing for multiple-valued logic voltage-mode storage circuits is introduced. Using the proposed inverter-based unit, uni-signal controlled pass gates and True Single-Phase Clocked Logic-based output units, efficient r-ary (where r is the radix) dynamic and pseudo-static latches can be designed. They exhibit regular, modular, and iterative structure, which means that the for multiple-valued logic circuits are VLSI implementable. Also, these circuits use two kinds of MOS transistors, i.e., enhancement and depletion mode. Since we use only the clock signal, an additional contribution to low power dissipation of the derived circuits has been made. Comparisons with existing circuits prove substantial improvements in terms of speed, power consumption, and transistor count.