gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
22.13% Efficient industrial p-type mono PERC solar cell (2016)

Passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC) on p-type monocrystalline Si wafers are currently being introduced to mass production by various manufacturers and have been widely researched. We describe and characterize our recent batch of PERC cells, fabricated on 156×156 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> wafers with an industrial process sequence and industrial equipment. The champion cell has an efficiency of 22.13% and a V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</inf> of 680.3mV, confirmed by FrauhoferCalLab, and is the first world record to exceed 22% in the category of industrial-type large-area mono PERC cells with printed front and rear contacts. The improved surface passivation and optimized doping profile have reduced the saturation currents of the heavily and lightly doped emitter parts to 111 fA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 26.3 fA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively, which are the main contributions to the cell efficiency improvements.
大快朵颐 无“油”无虑享中秋 (2010)

又是一年中秋，自然少不了月、饼和亲朋好友的团圆宴。大快朵颐后，酣畅淋漓的是嘴巴，遭罪的却是被油腻轮番“袭击”的肠胃。多亏有美食好搭档——黑乌龙茶，它含有丰富的乌龙茶茶多酚，能有效抑制脂肪吸收，去油解腻。这个中秋，让我们一起“把茶言欢”吧！
The <i>ABSCISIC ACID‐INSENSITIVE 3</i> (<i>ABI3</i>) gene is expressed during vegetative quiescence processes in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1999)

The ABSCISIC ACID‐INSENSITIVE 3 ( ABI3 ) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh is known to play an important role during seed maturation and dormancy. Here, we present evidence suggesting an additional role for ABI3 during vegetative quiescence processes. During growth in the dark, ABI3 is expressed in the apex of the seedlings after cell division is arrested. The 2S seed storage protein gene, a target gene of ABI3 in seeds, is also induced in the arrested apex under similar darkness conditions. In addition, β ‐glucuronidase expression under the control of the ABI3 promoter is abolished by treatments that provoke leaf development in the dark [sucrose and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis inhibitors] and induced by treatments that prevent leaf development (darkness and ABA). Furthermore, ABI3 expression is absent in apices of dark‐grown de‐etiolated ( det 1 ) and abi3 mutants, both known to develop leaves or leaf primordia in the dark. The fact that the expression of the ABI3 gene is only observed in a fraction of the analysed plants suggests that ABI3 is probably only one of the components of a molecular network underlying quiescence. In addition to the expression of ABI3 in apices of dark‐grown seedlings, the ABI3 promoter confers expression in other vegetative organs as well, such as the stipules and the abscission zones of the siliques. In conclusion, apart from its role in seed development, ABI3 might have additional functions.
A monolithic watt-level SOI LDMOS linear power amplifier with through silicon via for 4G cellular applications (2013)

In this paper, the design and measurement results of a thin-film SOI LDMOS linear Power Amplifier (PA) integrated in a 0.13μm SOI CMOS industrial process with a Through Silicon Via (TSV) option are reported. First, the power stage of the linear PA has been characterized. At 900MHz under 3.6V supply voltage, it delivers up to 33.2dBm of peak power with a maximum PAE of 60%. At the 1-dB compression point, the output power is 31.8dBm with a PAE of 54%. Based on this SOI LDMOS power stage, a monolithic two-stage linear PA has been designed and fabricated. After load-pull characterization, a maximum output power of 32.8dBm has been measured with a corresponding PAE of 51 %. When tested with a 10MHz bandwidth 16QAM uplink LTE signal, the PA provides an output power of 27dBm with less than 3% EVM and 557mA current consumption under 3.6V supply. The obtained results represent a new step towards high efficiency SOI CMOS Inteurated 4G cellular RF front-ends.
Development of a capillary zone electrophoresis method for the separation of a furan combinatorial library (2000)

Nine component mixtures of a furan library were simultaneously separated by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using a phosphate buffer as a background electrolyte at low pH. The effects of buffer concentration, buffer pH, type and concentration of organic solvents on the electrophoretic mobility, resolution, and analysis time were systematically investigated. Resolution and efficiency of furan library components were further improved using cyclodextrin (CD)-modified CZE. Under optimum conditions, eight of the nine furans were baseline-resolved in less than 10 min at 30 kV using 50 mM phosphate buffer, 10% v/v acetonitrile (ACN), pH 2.0, with 5 mM gamma-CD.
F<scp>LOW</scp>-R<scp>ATE</scp> M<scp>EASUREMENT IN</scp> T<scp>WO</scp>-P<scp>HASE</scp> F<scp>LOW</scp> (2003)

▪ Abstract Online, continuous, two-phase flow measurement is often necessary, particularly in the oil and gas industry. In this article, we describe some of the commercially most important techniques for gas-liquid, gas-solid, liquid-solid, and liquid-liquid flows, and provide associated illustrative sketches and regime maps. These techniques involve Venturi pressure drop, Coriolis, electromagnetic, and cross-correlation flow meters, gamma-ray absorption and gradio-manometer densitometers, and local electrical and fiber-optic sensors, for which we describe the principles of operation and interpretation. References are given to more comprehensive texts and papers; these are representative rather than exhaustive. It is emphasized that empirical calibration is the norm and that detailed fluid-mechanical analysis has so far played little part in instrument design and operation.
Quarter-micron selective-epitaxial-silicon refilled trench (SRT) isolation technology with substrate shield (2002)

In order to realize high-density and stress-free field isolation for future ULSIs, the authors propose a selective-epitaxial-silicon refilled trench (SRT) isolation. The SRT isolation structure consists of a thin insulator film on the trench sidewalls, a selective-epitaxial-growth (SEG) silicon layer refilling the trench, and a capping oxide covering the trench openings. By using this isolation, the number of isolation process steps can be reduced to 60% of the number for a conventional process, and the stress induced by the thermal process can be minimal. The authors have succeeded in fabricating a 0.2- mu m isolation structure and have confirmed its excellent characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Glucose Oxidase from Aspergillus niger<sup>*</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Glucose Oxidase from Aspergillus niger*Kjell KleppeCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 1, 139–143Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00865a018https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00865a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1352Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expanded-Polyglutamine Huntingtin Protein Suppresses the Secretion and Production of a Chemokine (CCL5/RANTES) by Astrocytes (2008)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurological disease caused by expended CAG repeats in the HD gene, which codes for a protein called Huntingtin (Htt). The resultant mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) forms aggregates in neurons and causes neuronal dysfunction. In astrocytes, the largest population of brain cells, mHtt also exists. We report herein that astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) collected from astrocytes of R6/2 mice (a mouse model of HD) caused primary cortical neurons to grow less-mature neurites, migrate more slowly, and exhibit lower calcium influx after depolarization than those maintained in wild-type (WT) ACM. Using a cytokine antibody array and ELISA assays, we demonstrated that the amount of a chemokine [chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5)/regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)] released by R6/2 astrocytes was much less than that by WT astrocytes. When cortical neurons were treated with the indicated ACM, supplementation with recombinant CCL5/RANTES ameliorated the neuronal deficiency caused by HD-ACM, whereas removing CCL5/RANTES from WT-ACM using an anti-CCL5/RANTES antibody mimicked the effects evoked by HD-ACM. Quantitative PCR and promoter analyses demonstrated that mHtt hindered the activation of the CCL5/RANTES promoter by reducing the availability of nuclear factor kappaB-p65 and, hence, reduced the transcript level of CCL5/RANTES. Moreover, ELISA assays and immunocytochemical staining revealed that mHtt retained the residual CCL5/RANTES inside R6/2 astrocytes. In line with the above findings, elevated cytosolic CCL5/RANTES levels were also observed in the brains of two mouse models of HD [R6/2 and Hdh((CAG)150)] and human HD patients. These findings suggest that mHtt hinders one major trophic function of astrocytes which might contribute to the neuronal dysfunction of HD.
Current Perspectives on Biotechnological Cannabinoid Production in Plants (2018)

The plant <i>Cannabis sativa</i> contains a number of psychoactive chemical compounds, the cannabinoids, which possess a significant pharmaceutical potential. Recently, the usage of <i>Cannabis</i> for medicinal purposes was legalized in many countries. Thus, the study on the influence of different cannabinoids in combination with other <i>Cannabis</i>-derived compounds with respect to the treatment of various diseases becomes increasingly important. Besides the production of distinct cannabinoids in a heterologous host, like tobacco or yeast, transgenic <i>Cannabis</i> plants would be a suitable alternative to modify and therefore optimize the cannabinoid profile. This perspective highlights the current efforts on <i>Cannabis</i> cell culture systems, <i>in vitro</i> propagation, and transformation of the plant and reveals the resulting opportunities concerning biotechnological production of cannabinoids. Furthermore, alternative platform organisms for the heterologous production of cannabinoids, like tobacco, are considered and evaluated.
Phase I trial of photo dynamic therapy in the treatment of recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (1997)

An intravenous photosensitizer dose of 1.5 mg/kg Photofrin II followed by light energy in the range of 13 J/cm2 (total light dose 2500 to 3250 J) was defined as a safe treatment parameter and resulted in tumor responses. With present technologies, administration of PDT requires careful dosimetry.
Model of human thermoregulation for intermittent regional cooling. (2004)

The model was evaluated against experimental results with IRC in warm environments. The comparison demonstrated that the model predictions of the core temperature and mean skin temperature were reliable within root mean square deviations of +/- 0.10 degrees C and 0.44 degrees C, respectively. Simulation analysis showed that IRC has the potential to reduce power requirements. Modeling is an effective alternative to predict efficacy when actual responses cannot be attempted. A systematic approach, consisting of manikin measurements, physiological experiments, and mathematical modeling can expedite the research and development of LCG systems.
The Extraction of Potash and Other Constituents from Sea Water Bittern. (1918)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Extraction of Potash and Other Constituents from Sea Water Bittern.Joel H. HildebrandCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1918, 10, 2, 96–105Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1918Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1918https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50098a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50098a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Block multirate input-output model for sampled-data control systems (1990)

A model for multirate sampled-data systems is presented. A detailed analysis of nonconventional sampled-data control systems (SDCS) is performed. The block multirate input-output model illustrates the control possibilities of multirate SDCS. It is obtained from either a transfer function matrix or a state variable representation. The model provides a direct way to represent, design, and understand either periodic or predictive controllers. A controller design methodology suitable for multivariable, multirate, nonsynchronous SDCS is also presented. The main feature is the freedom to achieve important objectives such as structure assignment, decoupling, and desired transient behavior, as well as reference matching, optimal control, or disturbance rejection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A knowledge abstraction approach for multimedia presentation (2002)

The demonstration of multimedia presentation can be promoted by using multi-vendor's tools. The more tools are used, the more complicated communication is needed among these tools. The integration of these multimedia presentation tools is thus important. This paper describes an architecture named tool integration platform (TIP) to integrate tools in a knowledge abstraction way. TIP is composed of a CID (control integration daemon), a CII (control integration interface) and some integration inference rules (IIR) that are applied by the integration inference engine (IIE). The IIR are stored in a repository and used to deduce tool knowledge dynamically. In this way, many tools can be integrated into a cooperative multimedia presentation developing environment. To verify this architecture, a number of multimedia tools are integrated into TIP. Finally, an integration assessing method is used to evaluate the integration status of tools in TIP.
Transmission Virtual Torque Sensor - Absolute Torque Estimation (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Automobile drivers/passengers perceive automatic transmission (AT) shift quality through the torque transferred by the transmission. Clearly, torque regulation is important for transmission control. Unfortunately, a physical torque sensor has been too costly for production applications. With no torque measurement for feedback, controls in AT is mainly implemented in an open-loop fashion. Therefore, complicated adaptation algorithms are necessary while undesired shifts may still occur. To further simplify the controls and enhance its consistency and robustness, a direct torque feedback has long been desired in transmission control synthesis and development.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A “virtual” torque sensor (VTS) algorithm has recently been developed to show a good potential in estimating relative torque along transmission output shaft using transmission output speed sensor and wheel speed sensors. This concept has been validated on production vehicles with a good accuracy and robustness in torque estimation under all kinds of driving conditions. This promising technology has since received much attention and is considered as a potential low-cost solution to transmission torque measurement. However, the fact that the VTS estimate is only on the relative torque can greatly limited its use in the transmission control areas.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper extends the previous VTS work to obtain the absolute torque information based on the framework of speed sensor based torque estimation. We propose a teeth matching method involving hardware and software modifications. An additional speed sensor and a toothed wheel are added on the transmission propeller shaft before the differential. Torque estimation is calculated based on the signals from the transmission output speed sensor and the newly added sensor. The toothed wheels associated with the both speed sensors are machined in such a way that there is a special tooth that can be distinguished from the other teeth. Such a tooth serves as a positional identifier to the shaft. With the two special teeth aligned initially when amounted, any misalignment between them at the presence of load reveals the torsion in the shaft, which is an indicator of the absolute torque being transferred. This absolute torque value can be used as a reference in the VTS algorithm developed previously. The whole concept has been validated on a production vehicle and the estimated torque attained is benchmarked with the torque measured by a physical torque sensor.</div></div>
Muscle tissue adaptations to hypoxia (2001)

This review reports on the effects of hypoxia on human skeletal muscle tissue. It was hypothesized in early reports that chronic hypoxia, as the main physiological stress during exposure to altitude, per se might positively affect muscle oxidative capacity and capillarity. However, it is now established that sustained exposure to severe hypoxia has detrimental effects on muscle structure. Short-term effects on skeletal muscle structure can readily be observed after 2 months of acute exposure of lowlanders to severe hypoxia, e.g. during typical mountaineering expeditions to the Himalayas. The full range of phenotypic malleability of muscle tissue is demonstrated in people living permanently at high altitude (e.g. at La Paz, 3600-4000 m). In addition, there is some evidence for genetic adaptations to hypoxia in high-altitude populations such as Tibetans and Quechuas, who have been exposed to altitudes in excess of 3500 m for thousands of generations. The hallmark of muscle adaptation to hypoxia in all these cases is a decrease in muscle oxidative capacity concomitant with a decrease in aerobic work capacity. It is thought that local tissue hypoxia is an important adaptive stress for muscle tissue in exercise training, so these results seem contra-intuitive. Studies have therefore been conducted in which subjects were exposed to hypoxia only during exercise sessions. In this situation, the potentially negative effects of permanent hypoxic exposure and other confounding variables related to exposure to high altitude could be avoided. Training in hypoxia results, at the molecular level, in an upregulation of the regulatory subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Possibly as a consequence of this upregulation of HIF-1, the levels mRNAs for myoglobin, for vascular endothelial growth factor and for glycolytic enzymes, such as phosphofructokinase, together with mitochondrial and capillary densities, increased in a hypoxia-dependent manner. Functional analyses revealed positive effects on V(O(2)max) (when measured at altitude) on maximal power output and on lean body mass. In addition to the positive effects of hypoxia training on athletic performance, there is some recent indication that hypoxia training has a positive effect on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Current and prospective pharmacotherapy for autoimmune hepatitis (2014)

Autoimmune hepatitis must be managed by multiple medications that supplement or supplant current regimens depending on the clinical situation. Rescue therapies will emerge as adjunctive interventions to minimize tissue damage (prevent fibrosis and hepatocyte apoptosis) and improve immune tolerance (regulatory T cell manipulations).
The nucleotide sequence of chromosome IV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
A Three-Phase High Frequency Semi-Controlled Battery Charging Power Converter for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2011)

This paper presents a novel analysis, design, and implementation of a battery charging three-phase high frequency semi-controlled power converter feasible for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The main advantages of the proposed topology include high efficiency; due to lower power losses and reduced number of switching elements, high output power density realization, and reduced passive component ratings proportionally to the frequency. Additional advantages also include grid economic utilization by insuring unity power factor operation under different possible conditions and robustness since short-circuit through a leg is not possible. A high but acceptable total harmonic distortion of the generator currents is introduced in the proposed topology which can be viewed as a minor disadvantage when compared to traditional boost rectifiers. A hysteresis control algorithm is proposed to achieve lower current harmonic distortion for the rectifier operation. The rectifier topology concept, the principle of operation, and control scheme are presented. Additionally, a dc-dc converter is also employed in the rectifier-battery connection. Test results on 50-kHz power converter system are presented and discussed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed topology for PHEV applications.