gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular effects of calcitonin gene-related peptides I and II in man. (1987)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is present in sensory nerve fibers in the heart and around peripheral arteries. On interaction with specific CGRP binding sites and activation of adenylate cyclase, CGRP causes vasodilation and has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart. In the present study, human CGRP I and II exerted positive inotropic effects on isolated human right auricles and relaxed small arteries from human skeletal muscle precontracted with norepinephrine (EC50 for CGRP I 0.59 nM and for CGRP II 0.37 nM). CGRP I and II (3.2 nmol) administered i.v. to 6 normal subjects exerted positive inotropic actions on the human heart concomitant with positive chronotropic effects, hypotension, and vasodilation. CGRP may, therefore, be of importance for cardiovascular control in man.
Embedded Computing: A VLIW Approach to Architecture, Compilers and Tools (2004)

The fact that there are more embedded computers than general-purpose computers and that we are impacted by hundreds of them every day is no longer news. What is news is that their increasing performance requirements, complexity and capabilities demand a new approach to their design. 

Fisher, Faraboschi, and Young describe a new age of embedded computing design, in which the processor is central, making the approach radically distinct from contemporary practices of embedded systems design. They demonstrate why it is essential to take a computing-centric and system-design approach to the traditional elements of nonprogrammable components, peripherals, interconnects and buses. These elements must be unified in a system design with high-performance processor architectures, microarchitectures and compilers, and with the compilation tools, debuggers and simulators needed for application development. 

In this landmark text, the authors apply their expertise in highly interdisciplinary hardware/software development and VLIW processors to illustrate this change in embedded computing. VLIW architectures have long been a popular choice in embedded systems design, and while VLIW is a running theme throughout the book, embedded computing is the core topic. Embedded Computing examines both in a book filled with fact and opinion based on the authors many years of R&D experience.

? Complemented by a unique, professional-quality embedded tool-chain on the authors' website, http://www.vliw.org/book
? Combines technical depth with real-world experience 
? Comprehensively explains the differences between general purpose computing systems and embedded systems at the hardware, software, tools and operating system levels. 
? Uses concrete examples to explain and motivate the trade-offs.

Table of Contents

Preface
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Embedded Processing
Chapter 2: An Overview of VLIW and ILP
Chapter 3: An Overview of ISA Design
Chapter 4: Architectural Structures in ISA design 
Chapter 5: Microarchitecture Design 
Chapter 6: System Design and Simulation
Chapter 7: Embedded Compiling and Toolchains 
Chapter 8: Compiling for VLIWs and ILP 
Chapter 9: The Run-time System 
Chapter 10: Application Design and Customization 
Chapter 11: Application Areas 
Appendix A: The VEX System 
Appendix B: Glossary 
Appendix C: Bibliography
Treatment of diuretic refractory pleural effusions with bevacizumab in four patients with primary systemic amyloidosis (2007)

Refractory pleural effusions present a challenging management problem and are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis (AL). We report a series of four patients with AL who presented with bilateral pleural effusions that were refractory to diuretic therapy. After treatment with bevacizumab, an antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, three of the four patients had improvement in their pleural effusions, peripheral edema, and functional status. Additional studies are needed to further define the role of bevacizumab in the management of this group of patients.
Amphiphilic block and statistical siloxane copolymers with antimicrobial activity (2003)

Abstract Statistical and block all‐siloxane copolymers containing quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) groups with biocidal activity as lateral substituents were synthesized as models for the study of the effect of the arrangement of the QAS groups in the copolymer chain on their antimicrobial activity. The bioactive siloxane unit was [3‐ n ‐octyldimethylammoniopropyl]methylsiloxane, and the neutral unit was dimethylsiloxane. The copolymers also contained siloxane units with unreacted precursor 3‐chloropropyl or 3‐bromopropyl groups. A small number of units containing highly hydrophilic 3‐(3‐hydroxypropyl‐dimethylammonio)propyl groups were introduced to increase the solubility of the copolymers in water. The bioactive and bioneutral units were arranged in the polymer chain either in blocks or in statistical order. The block copolymers differed in the number and length of segments. The copolymers were obtained by the quaternization of tertiary amines by chloropropyl or bromopropyl groups attached to polysiloxane chains. The arrangement of the bioactive groups was controlled by the arrangement of the halogenopropyl groups in the bioactive copolymer precursor. All model siloxane copolymers showed high bactericidal activity in a water solution toward the gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli and the gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus . However, no essential differences in the activities of the copolymers with block and statistical arrangements of units were detected. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2939–2948, 2003
Targeting Phospholipid Metabolism in Cancer (2016)

All cancers tested so far display abnormal choline and ethanolamine phospholipid metabolism, which has been detected with numerous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) approaches in cells, animal models of cancer, as well as the tumors of cancer patients. Since the discovery of this metabolic hallmark of cancer, many studies have been performed to elucidate the molecular origins of deregulated choline metabolism, to identify targets for cancer treatment, and to develop MRS approaches that detect choline and ethanolamine compounds for clinical use in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Several enzymes in choline, and recently also ethanolamine, phospholipid metabolism have been identified, and their evaluation has shown that they are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Several already established enzymes as well as a number of emerging enzymes in phospholipid metabolism can be used as treatment targets for anticancer therapy, either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the current knowledge of established and relatively novel targets in phospholipid metabolism of cancer, covering choline kinase α, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D1, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, sphingomyelinases, choline transporters, glycerophosphodiesterases, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and ethanolamine kinase. These enzymes are discussed in terms of their roles in oncogenic transformation, tumor progression, and crucial cancer cell properties such as fast proliferation, migration, and invasion. Their potential as treatment targets are evaluated based on the current literature.
Passive Equalizer Design for Through Silicon Vias With Perfect Compensation (2011)

This paper proposes a novel passive equalizer which is composed of a parallel resistance-capacitance (RC) circuit and capable of perfect compensation for lossy effects of through silicon via (TSV). To design the equalizer, the conventional transmission line theory is utilized to derive an analytic circuit model of the TSV which is verified by numerical methods. Based on the analytic circuit model, the significance analysis is performed to acquire a much simplified capacitance-conductance circuit model which is employed to construct the design formula for the RC equalizer with perfect compensation. A ten-stacked TSV in series with the designed equalizer is taken as an example to demonstrate the resultant improvement in the eye diagram, namely, nearly zero timing jitter and three times enlarged eye opening.
Regulation of doublesex pre-mRNA processing occurs by 3'-splice site activation. (1991)

Sex-specific alternative processing of the doublesex (dsx) pre-mRNA controls somatic sexual differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster. Processing in the female-specific pattern results from the utilization of an upstream 3'-terminal exon and requires the activities of both the transformer (tra) and transformer-2 (tra-2) genes. Use of the more downstream male-specific terminal exons does not require the activities of these genes and is thus considered the default dsx-processing pattern. Here, we used transient expression of dsx pre-mRNAs in the presence or absence of tra and tra-2 gene products in Drosophila tissue culture cells to investigate the molecular mechanism controlling this alternative RNA-processing decision. These studies reveal that female-specific processing of dsx pre-mRNA is controlled by tra and tra-2 through the positive regulation of female-specific alternative 3'-terminal exon use. Delineation of cis-acting sequences necessary for regulation shows that a 540-nucleotide region from within the female exon is both necessary and sufficient for regulation. In addition, utilization of the female-specific 3'-splice site (3'SS) is regulated independently of female-specific polyadenylation. Regulated polyadenylation was obtained only in the presence of splicing, suggesting that activation of female-specific exon use occurs by 3'SS activation.
Isolation and identification of antifungal metabolites of streptomyces strain 4301. (2009)

Streptomyces sp.strain 4301 isolated from the soil displayed fungicidal activity.Five compounds were isolated and purified from fermented broth of the strain through silica gel column chromatography.Their structures were identified on the basis on their IR,MS,1H and 13C NMR.The five compounds were quercetin,apigenin,ferulic acid and vanillic acid,gallic acid.The fungicidal activity of these compounds were assayed.Quercetin inhibited mycelial growth of four test plant pathogens including Colletotrichum musae,Glomerella cingulata,Peronophythora litchii and Fusarium graminearum.The diameter of inhibitory cycles of P.litchii affected by vanillic acid at a concentration of 10 mmol/L was 28 mm.
Resolution of refractory no‐reflow with intracoronary epinephrine (2002)

Refractory no-reflow is associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Charts were reviewed to identify 29 consecutive patients in whom intracoronary epinephrine was administered for refractory no-reflow. The effects of intracoronary epinephrine on coronary flow (TIMI grade), cardiac rhythm, and systolic blood pressure in the cardiac catheterization laboratory were assessed. Administration of intracoronary epinephrine (mean dose, 139 +/- 189 microg) resulted in significant improvement in coronary flow. After administration, TIMI 3 flow was established in 69% of patients. Overall, TIMI flow significantly increased (mean TIMI flow form 1.0 +/- 1.0 to 2.66 +/- 0.55; P = 0.0001). Intracoronary epinephrine resulted in significant but tolerable increase in heart rate (72 +/- 19 to 86 +/- 26 beats/min; P = 0.009), but no cases of acute dysrhythmia. These findings indicate that intracoronary epinephrine may exert salutary effects in patients suffering refractory no-reflow following elective or acute coronary interventions.
Advances in Multilayer Reservoir Testing and Analysis using Numerical Well Testing and Reservoir Simulation (2000)

Abstract This paper presents multilayer testing and analysis techniques to obtain layer permeabilities and skin factors using pressure and flowrate transient data from sequential flow tests acquired with production logging tools. The analysis of these tests by application of numerical well test analysis is highlighted. An integrated workflow is shown and a new analysis technique is presented which incorporates numerical reservoir simulation and an automated history matching procedure. A gradient method has been successfully applied to modify simulation model input parameters to match synthetic and field examples of multilayer transient tests. The study also highlights the potential for the application of this method and for automated history matching techniques to pressure transient and flowrate transient analysis and multilayer test analysis and interpretation.
Observation of the photorefractive effect in a polymer (1991)

We report the first observation of the photorefractive effect in a polymeric material, the electro-optic polymer bisphenol-A-diglycidylether 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine made photoconductive by doping with the hole-transport agent diethylamino-benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazone. The gratings formed exhibit dynamic writing and erasure, strong electric-field dependence, polarization anisotropy, and estimated space-charge fields up to 26 kV/cm at an applied field of 126 kV/cm. Application of similar concepts should provide a broad new class of easily fabricated photorefractive materials.
Rationale and strategy for prevention of anthracycline cardiotoxicity with the bisdioxopiperazine, ICRF-187. (1987)

Anthracyclines are amongst the most effective antitumor agents currently utilized. The major impediment to their use has been the development of cardiotoxicity with chronic administration. In an effort to overcome this limitation we have utilizated an approach to abrogate the cardiotoxicity with a drug, ICRF-187, which protects against the anthracycline cardiomyopathy in all animal species so far tested. This strategy assumes that separate mechanisms of cardiac toxicity and antitumor activity exist. We are currently testing this hypothesis in a randomized clinical trial of women with advanced breast cancer who are randomized to receive 5FU, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) or FAC plus ICRF-187.
Efficient Field-Scale Simulation of Black Oil in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir Through Discrete Fracture Networks and Homogenized Media (2008)

Summary This paper describes a hybrid finite volume method, designed to simulate multiphase flow in a field-scale naturally fractured reservoir. Lee et al. (WRR 37:443-455, 2001) developed a hierarchical approach in which the permeability contribution from short fractures is derived in an analytical expression that from medium fractures is numerically solved using a boundary element method. The long fractures are modeled explicitly as major fluid conduits. Reservoirs with well-developed natural fractures include many complex fracture networks that cannot be easily modeled by simple long fracture formulation and/or homogenized single continuity model. We thus propose a numerically efficient hybrid method in which small and medium fractures are modeled by effective permeability, and large fractures are modeled by discrete fracture networks. A simple, systematic way is devised to calculate transport parameters between fracture networks and discretized, homogenized media. An efficient numerical algorithm is also devised to solve the dual system of fracture network and finite volume grid. Black oil formulation is implemented in the simulator to demonstrate practical applications of this hybrid finite volume method.
Information foraging through clustering and summarization: a self-organizing approach (1999)

Successful knowledge management requires efficient tools to manage information in the form of text. However, our productivity in generating information has exceeded our ability to process it, and the dream of creating an information-rich society has become a nightmare of information overload. Although researchers and developers believe that interactive information access systems based on clustering and summarization offer a potential remedy to that problem, there is as yet no empirical evidence showing superiority of those tools over traditional keyword search. This dissertation attempted to determine whether automated clustering can help to find relevant information by suggesting an innovative implementation and verifying its potential ability to be of help. Our implementation is based on Kohonen's self-organizing maps and acts as a visualization layer between the user and a keyword-based search engine. We used the clustering properties of self-organizing maps to create a summary of search results. The user relies on this summary when deciding whether and how to provide additional feedback to the system to obtain more relevant documents. We have resolved multiple issues related to the speed and quality of output associated with self-organizing maps and created a version (Adaptive Search) that allows interactive Internet searching. We have performed user studies and a controlled experiment in order to test the proposed approach. In a laboratory experiment, subjects spent less time finding correct answers using Adaptive Search than using the search engine directly. In addition, the documents containing answers were positioned consistently higher in the rank-ordered lists suggested by Adaptive Search as opposed to the lists suggested by the search engine. The search engine that we used was AltaVista, known to be one of the most popular, comprehensive and flexible engines on the Web. Our main conclusion is that indeed information clustering helps information seekers if properly implemented.
First and Second Cattle Passage of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy by Intracerebral Inoculation (2006)

To compare clinicopathologic findings of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) with other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE, prion diseases) that have been shown to be experimentally transmissible to cattle (sheep scrapie and chronic wasting disease [CWD]), two groups of calves (n = 4 each) were intracerebrally inoculated with TME agents from two different sources (mink with TME and a steer with TME). Two uninoculated calves served as controls. Within 15.3 months postinoculation, all animals from both inoculated groups developed clinical signs of central nervous system (CNS) abnormality; their CNS tissues had microscopic spongiform encephalopathy (SE); and abnormal prion protein (PrP(res)) as detected in their CNS tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) techniques. These findings demonstrate that intracerebrally inoculated cattle not only amplify TME PrP(res) but also develop clinical CNS signs and extensive lesions of SE. The latter has not been shown with other TSE agents (scrapie and CWD) similarly inoculated into cattle. The findings also suggest that the diagnostic techniques currently used for confirmation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) would detect TME in cattle should it occur naturally. However, it would be a diagnostic challenge to differentiate TME in cattle from BSE by clinical signs, neuropathology, or the presence of PrP(res) by IHC and WB.
ANALYSIS OF ALKY UNIT DIB EXPOSES DESIGN, OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS (1996)

A recent examination of an alkylation plant deisobutanizer (DIB) illustrates design and operating considerations that should be addressed when capacity increases and efficiency improvements are desired. This sulfuric acid alkylation plant had excess feed and reaction zone capacity. The DIB was the limiting factor; specifically, the DIB reboiler duty was at its maximum and the reboiler steam-supply valves were wide open. A new alkylate Rvp specification of 5.0 psia also was constraining operation. An engineering review suggested minor design modifications and maintenance items which, when implemented, increased alkylate production capacity by more than 25%. The paper discusses DIB operation, reboiler review, superheated steam supply, fouling, improvements, and revised operation.
Electrically and magnetically dual-driven Janus particles for handwriting-enabled electronic paper (2015)

In this work, we describe the synthesis of novel electrically and magnetically dual-driven Janus particles for a handwriting-enabled twisting ball display via the microfluidic technique. One hemisphere of the Janus particles contains a charge control agent, which allows the display color to be controlled by applying a voltage and superparamagnetic nanoparticles, allows handwriting by applying a magnetic field to the display. We fabricated a twisting ball display utilizing these Janus particles and tested the electric color control and handwriting using a magnet. As a result, the display was capable of permitting handwriting with a small magnet in addition to conventional color control using an applied voltage (80 V). Handwriting performance was improved by increasing the concentration of superparamagnetic nanoparticles and was determined to be possible even when 80 V was applied across the electrodes for 4 wt. % superparamagnetic nanoparticles in one hemisphere. This improvement was impossible when the concentration was reduced to 2 wt. % superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The technology presented in our work can be applied to low-cost, lightweight, highly visible, and energy-saving electronic message boards and large whiteboards because the large-size display can be fabricated easily due to its simple structure.
Type inference and extensionality (2002)

The polymorphic type assignment system F/sub 2/ is the type assignment counterpart of Girard's and Reynolds' (1972) system F. Though introduced in the early seventies, both the type inference and the type checking problems for F/sub 2/ remained open for a long time. Recently, an undecidability result was announced. Consequently, it is considerably interesting to find decidable restrictions of the system. We show a bounded type inference and a bounded type checking algorithm, both based on the study of the relationship between the typability of a term and the typability of terms that "properly" /spl eta/-reduce to it.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparing state machines (2008)

State machines and similar state models are heavily used model types in model-driven development. This paper discusses how state models can be compared, more precisely how the difference between two state models should be defined, how it can be efficiently computed, and how it can be displayed. Some of the issues result from an inappropriate design of the UML metamodels and can be solved by switching to a more appropriate metamodel. Another issue are move operations, which raise the question how to optimize a difference. We argue in favour of simple heuristics and the interactive correction of a difference.
Clinical experience in T cell deficient patients (2010)

T cell disorders have been poorly understood until recently. Lack of knowledge of underlying molecular mechanisms together with incomplete data on long term outcome have made it difficult to assess prognosis and give the most effective treatment. Rapid progress in defining molecular defects, improved supportive care and much improved results from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) now mean that curative treatment is possible for many patients. However, this depends on prompt recognition, accurate diagnosis and careful treatment planning.This review will discuss recent progress in our clinical and molecular understanding of a variety of disorders including: severe combined immunodeficiency, specific T cell immunodeficiencies, signaling defects, DNA repair defects, immune-osseous dysplasias, thymic disorders and abnormalities of apoptosis.There is still much to discover in this area and some conditions which are as yet very poorly understood. However, with increased knowledge about how these disorders can present and the particular problems each group may face it is hoped that these patients can be recognized early and managed appropriately, so providing them with the best possible outcome.