gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Residential photovoltaic energy storage system (1998)

This paper introduces a residential photovoltaic (PV) energy storage system, in which the PV power is controlled by a DC-DC power converter and transferred to a small battery energy storage system (BESS). For managing the power, a pattern of daily operation considering the load characteristic of the homeowner, the generation characteristic of the PV power, and the power-leveling demand of the electric utility is prescribed. The system looks up the pattern to select the operation mode, so that powers from the PV array, the batteries and the utility are utilized in a cost-effective manner. As for the control of the system, a novel control technique for the maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) of the PV array is proposed, in which the state-averaged model of the DC-DC power converter, including the dynamic model of the PV array, is derived. Accordingly, a high-performance discrete MPPT controller that tracks the maximum power point with zero-slope regulation and current-mode control is presented. With proposed arrangements on the control of the BESS and the current-to-power scaling factor setting, the DC-DC power converter is capable of combining with the BESS for performing the functions of power conditioning and active power filtering. An experimental 600 W system is implemented, and some simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Improving Performance of Modern Peer-to-peer services (2003)

Peer-to-peer networking is not a new concept, but has been resurrected by services such as Napster and file sharing applications using Gnutella. The network infrastructure of todays networks are based on the assumption that users are simple clients making small requests and receiving, possibly large, replies. This assumption does not hold for many peer-to-peer services and hence the network is often used ine#ciently.
Quantitative classification of tumor cell morphological changes on selectively functionalized biochips (2013)

Proteomics information of cancer has shown that abnormalities at the levels of growth factors, receptors, intracellular mediators and transcription factors play major role in the disease progression. We report a directly quantifiable approach to measure tumor cell behavior on functionalized chips. The chips were functionalized with aptamer molecules that were selective against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a commonly overexpressed cancer biomarker. The chip-bound aptamer selectively isolated tumor cells from cell mixture samples. The isolated cells were thus bound to the chip surface. However, some normal cells also got captured on the surface. The selectivity and sensitivity of tumor isolation changed when the surface of the chip was chemically treated to create nanoscale texture. The captured cancer cells showed distinctly different behavior on the surface of the chip than that for the normal cells. The behavior quantification can serve as a novel modality to detect cancer cells from simple samples like blood, saliva or urine.
Determinants of correct res site alignment in site-specific recombination by Tn3 resolvase. (1990)

In site-specific recombination reactions catalyzed by Tn3 resolvase, the right and left arms of the res site are always religated to the correct partner. This poses the problem of how resolvase aligns the two sites correctly for the cleavage/religation reaction. We show that the "accessory" binding subsites II and III of res are important for correct alignment of the adjoining crossover subsite (subsite I). Deletion of subsites II and III from one of the two res sites removes a barrier to recombination between incorrectly aligned crossover subsites. Correct alignment does not require any DNA sequence asymmetry in the crossover subsite, DNA supercoiling, or covalent linkage of the two res sites. Our results suggest that correct subsite I alignment is determined by local, resolvase-mediated interactions of subsites II and III of both partners, consistent with a current model of the synapse. Surprisingly, the topological selectivity for intramolecular resolution in a supercoiled substrate does not require subsites II and III in both recombination partners.
An in vitro study to evaluate the synergistic activity of norfloxacin and metronidazole (2003)

Objective: To evaluate the synergistic activity of norfloxacin and metronidazole in vitro. Methods: Aerobic (n=36) and anaerobic (n=30) bacterial isolates were obtained from clinical samples collected from urine, stool, pus and blood of patients suffering from urinary tract infections, gangrene, diabetic foot, dental infections, liver abscess, breast abscess, puerperal sepsis and infected traumatic wounds. Antibiotic susceptibility to norfloxacin and metronidazole was determined by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: Among the aerobic isolates studied, 6 showed complete synergistic effect to the combination of norfloxacin and metronidazole while 30 showed partial synergistic or additive effects. Among the anaerobic isolates studied, 19 showed complete synergy while 8 showed partial synergy. Only 2 isolates of Bacteroides fragilis and 1 isolate of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica did not show any synergy. Complete synergy is shown by isolates of Salmonella species and Escherichia coil causing diarrhoea, Proteus species and Escherichia coli causing gram negative septicemia and systemic infections like urinary tract infections, Clostridium welchii and Clostridium sporogenes causing gangrene and diabetic foot, Prevotella melaninogenica, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica causing dental infections, Fusobacterium nucleatum causing liver abscess, Bacteroides fragilis causing liver abscess and breast abscess, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius causing puerperal sepsis and diabetic foot and Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus causing traumatic wounds. Conclusion: The combination of norfloxacin and metronidazole has synergistic action in vitro and may may be useful In the treatment of mixed infections.
Association of <i>Megalin</i> Genetic Polymorphisms with Prostate Cancer Risk and Prognosis (2008)

Preliminary results suggest that common genetic variation within the megalin gene could alter both risk of recurrence/progression and prostate-specific cancer mortality. In addition, androgen deprivation therapy effectiveness may be modified by the activity of this gene. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has examined polymorphisms within the megalin gene for associations with prostate cancer risk and outcomes.
Modification of titanium and titanium dioxide surfaces by ion implantation: Combined XPS and DFT study (2014)

The results of XPS measurements (core levels and valence bands) of P + , Ca + , P + Ca + and Ca + P + ion implanted ( E = 30 keV, D = 1 × 10 17 cm −2 ) commercially pure titanium (cp‐Ti) and first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrates formation of various structural defects in titanium dioxide films formed on the surface of implanted materials. We have found that for double implantation (Ti:P + ,Ca + and Ti:Ca + ,P + ) the outermost surface layer is formed mainly by Ca and P, respectively, i.e. the implantation sequence is very important. The DFT calculations show that under P + and Ca + P + ion implantation the formation energies for both cation (P–Ti) and anion (P–O) substitutions are comparable, which can induce the creation of [PO 4 ] 3– and Ti‐P species. For Ca + and P + Ca + ion implantation the calculated formation energies correspond to Ca 2+ –Ti 4+ cation substitution. This conclusion is in agreement with XPS Ca 2p and Ti 2p core levels and valence‐band measurements and DFT calculations of the electronic structure of related compounds. The conversion of implanted ions to Ca 2+ and [PO 4 ] 3− species provides a good biocompatibility of cp‐Ti for further formation of hydroxyapatite.
영유아기 자녀를 둔 아버지의 육아 배움공동체 참여 경험에 관한 연구 (2021)

본 연구는 영유아기 자녀를 둔 아버지들이 육아 배움공동체를 통한 경험의 의미가 어떠한지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 참여자들은 자신의 경험을 솔직한 목소리로 담아내기 위해 연구자와 라포가 형성되어 있는 아버지들로 목적 표집(purposive sampling)을 하였으며, 최종 연구 참여자는 영유아기 자녀를 두고 육아에 지속적인 관심을 가진 4명의 아버지이다. 예비 연구는 2018년 9월부터 이루어졌고, 자료 수집은 2019년 8월부터 2020년 2월까지 이루어졌다. 총 8회의 오프라인 모임에서 그룹 인터뷰를 진행하였고, 이를 중심으로 연구 텍스트를 작성하면서 연구자 일지와 추가 심층면담을 통한 자료 분석이 이루어졌다. 자료의 분석은 현장 텍스트와 연구 텍스트를 반복적으로 읽으면서 분석적 메모를 병행하였고, 개방코딩, 심층코딩, 주제 발견의 과정을 거쳐 사례연구 방법을 통해 분석하였다. 아버지들이 육아 배움공동체 참여를 통해 나타난 경험의 의미는 크게 네 가지로 나타났다. 첫째는 어색했던 만남이 성장과 배움이 있는 만남으로 변화, 둘째는 아버지 됨에 대한 두려움이 자신감으로 변화, 셋째는 ‘아버지의 아버지’와 ‘아버지로서의 나’에 대한 성찰, 넷째는 ‘함께’라서 가능했던 육아경험이었다.
DNA damage in human breast milk cells and its induction by  early  and  late  milk extracts (2000)

Environmental and dietary factors are thought to be significant in breast cancer aetiology. The alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis ('Comet') assay was used to examine breast milk cells for DNA damage and to measure the activity of extracts of the milk in causing such damage. UK-resident women were recruited as donors (n = 16) and provided 'early' ( approximately 4 weeks post-partum) and/or 'late' ( approximately 4 months post-partum) milk samples. Cells (79-94% viable, trypan blue exclusion) were either examined immediately for DNA damage or were cultured for 1 week prior to treatment with a breast milk extract. DNA damage in the form of single-strand breaks was quantified as comet tail length (CTL). Cell preparations examined immediately exhibited interindividual variation in median CTL (range 2.0-40.0 microm) with or without the DNA repair inhibitors hydroxyurea (HU) and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). DNA damage decreased following culture, suggesting either DNA repair or death of DNA-damaged cells. Some donors' breast milk extracts induced DNA damage in their cultured cells and increases in median CTL were significantly greater with HU/ara-C (range 4.0-72.5 microm) than without (range 2.5-27.5 microm). Genotoxicity occurred without cytotoxicity (81-97% viability after treatment). Comparisons between cells and extracts from 'early' and 'late' milk samples did not support the idea of a progressive clearance of genotoxins from mammary lipid during lactation. Donors whose untreated cells contained the most DNA damage tended to yield genotoxic breast milk extracts. Cells isolated from milk activated the rodent mammary carcinogens o-toluidine and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). The relevance of genotoxic exposures to breast cancer initiation requires further investigation.
High-speed Storage Nodes for the Cloud (2011)

In this paper, we describe an architecture for high-speed storage nodes intended for supporting cloud-based storage I/O intensive applications such as file servers, backup servers and databases. The nodes can host multiple virtual machines each having direct access to a storage array via Single Route I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV). This is done in a way which does not compromise security. We demonstrate that SR-IOV imposes negligible overhead for storage I/O and provides the hosted virtual machines with four times the storage I/O bandwidth than is available from the same hardware when I/O is redirected through the hyper visor. We describe how the storage nodes are incorporated into a heterogeneous Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) consisting of mixed storage and compute nodes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of “Biginelli‐Compounds”. Part 1. (1989)

Abstract Various reactions of Biginelli compounds such as (I), which can act as cardiovascular agents, are investigated.
Neural network-based autonomous allocation of resources in virtual networks (2014)

Network virtualisation has received attention as a way to allow for sharing of physical network resources. Sharing resources involves mapping of virtual nodes and links onto physical nodes and links respectively, and thereafter managing the allocated resources to ensure efficient resource utilisation. In this paper, we apply artificial neural networks for a dynamic, decentralised and autonomous allocation of physical network resources to the virtual networks. The objective is to achieve better efficiency in the utilisation of substrate network resources while ensuring that the quality of service requirements of the virtual networks are not violated. The proposed approach is evaluated by comparison with two static resource allocation schemes and a reinforcement learning-based approach.
Cladding 1 — Types and Techniques (1983)

The majority of major building structures are in some way or another, clad with a facing skin. Invariably the type of material used, and its shape or form, follows the architectural trends of the period. Notwithstanding these trends, be they traditional, indigenous styles or aesthetically modish, the facing materials need to be supported and restrained. Furthermore, it should be remembered that once in position the fixings used become largely inaccessible and difficult to replace.
Effect of ambient atmosphere on crosslinking of polysilazanes (2010)

Abstract The influence of ambient atmosphere on the crosslinking process of two commercially available polysilazanes with different molecular units in the backbone structure (one polysilazane with and one without urea units) was studied at different temperatures using oscillatory rheometry under isothermal conditions. The measurements were performed using cone/plate, plate/plate, and Couette geometries to assess the influence of the contact surface of the samples with air on their crosslinking behavior. The crosslinking process of the investigated polysilazanes in ambient atmosphere was found to occur faster than that in inert atmosphere. DSC and FTIR‐spectroscopic investigations indicate that hydrolysis and polycondensation processes occur in both polysilazanes when crosslinked in air. Interestingly, the effect of moisture was found to be more pronounced in the case of the urea derivative. The evolution of the measured complex viscosity and dynamic moduli supported this finding. Furthermore, the variation of the time derivative of complex viscosity ( d η*/ dt ) emphasizes structural changes during crosslinking of the samples which were ascribed to their contact with the ambient atmosphere. This study emphasizes the high potential of rheometry in investigating the crosslinking behavior of polymers in inert and ambient atmosphere. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Frameless stereotactic placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunts in undersized ventricles: a simple modification to free-hand procedures (2005)

The aim of this report is to introduce a simple modification to the free-hand frameless stereotactic placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunts in undersized ventricles. In this technical note, we describe our experience with ventricular catheter placement in two children suffering from shunt dependent idiopathic intracranial hypertension using an image-guided instrument holder with a catheter guide. In both patients, the surgical procedure proved to be easy and accurate, with good initial clinical results. The use of an image-guided instrument holder is a modification to the free-hand frameless stereotactic placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunts in undersized ventricles.
Postactivation depression and recovery of reflex transmission during repetitive electrical stimulation of the human tibial nerve (2011)

H-reflexes are progressively depressed, relative to the first response, at stimulation frequencies above 0.1 Hz (postactivation depression; PAD). Presently, we investigated whether H-reflexes "recover" from this depression throughout 10-s trains of stimulation delivered at physiologically relevant frequencies (5-20 Hz) during functionally relevant tasks (sitting and standing) and contraction amplitudes [relaxed to 20% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)]. When participants held a 10% MVC, reflex amplitudes did not change during 5-Hz stimulation. During stimulation at 10 Hz, reflexes were initially depressed by 43% but recovered completely by the end of the stimulation period. During 20-Hz stimulation, reflexes were depressed to 10% and recovered to 36% of the first response, respectively. This "postactivation depression and recovery" (PAD&R) of reflex amplitude was not different between sitting and standing. In contrast, PAD&R were strongly influenced by contraction amplitude. Reflexes were depressed to 10% of the first response during the relaxed condition (10-Hz stimulation) and showed no depression during a 20% MVC contraction. A partial recovery of reflex amplitude occurred when participants were relaxed and during contractions of 1-5% MVC. Surprisingly, reflexes could recover completely by the third pulse within a stimulation train when participants held a contraction between 5 and 10% MVC during stimulation at 10 Hz, a finding that challenges classical ideas regarding PAD mechanisms. Our results support the idea that there is an ongoing interplay between depression and facilitation when motoneurons receive trains of afferent input. This interplay depends strongly on the frequency of the afferent input and the magnitude of the background contraction but is relatively insensitive to changes in task.
Passenger transgenes reveal intrinsic specificity of the antibody hypermutation mechanism: clustering, polarity, and specific hot spots. (1993)

We have analyzed somatic hypermutation in mice carrying an immunoglobulin kappa transgene in order to discriminate mutations that reflect the intrinsic specificity of the hypermutation mechanism from those highlighted by antigenic selection. We have immunized animals with three different immunogens. With one immunogen, the antigen-specific B cells express a transgenic kappa chain, which does not form part of the antibody; the transgene is a passenger free to accumulate unselected mutations. With the other two immunogens, the transgenic kappa chain constitutes the light chain of the expressed antibody. A comparison of the transgene mutations obtained under these different circumstances allows us to identify common features that we attribute to the intrinsic specificity of the hypermutation process. In particular, it yields only base substitutions and leads to hot spots occurring in individual positions (e.g., the second base of the Ser-31 codon). The mutations preferentially accumulate around the first complementarity-determining region. The process exhibits specific base substitution preferences with transitions being favored over transversions. We propose that these substitution preferences can be used to discriminate intrinsic from antigen-selected hot spots. We also note that hypermutation distinguishes between the coding and noncoding strands since pyrimidines (particularly thymidines) mutate less frequently than purines.
Fabrication and Endothelialization of Collagen-Blended Biodegradable Polymer Nanofibers: Potential Vascular Graft for Blood Vessel Tissue Engineering (2005)

Electrospun collagen-blended poly(L-lactic acid)-co-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) [P(LLA-CL), 70:30] nanofiber may have great potential application in tissue engineering because it mimicks the extracellular matrix (ECM) both morphologically and chemically. Blended nanofibers with various weight ratios of polymer to collagen were fabricated by electrospinning. The appearance of the blended nanofibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The nanofibers exhibited a smooth surface and a narrow diameter distribution, with 60% of the nanofibers having diameters between 100 and 200 nm. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy verified the existence of collagen molecules on the surface of nanofibers. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were seeded onto the blended nanofibers for viability, morphogenesis, attachment, and phenotypic studies. Five characteristic endothelial cell (EC) markers, including four types of cell adhesion molecule and one EC-preferential gene (von Willebrand factor), were studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that the collagen-blended polymer nanofibers could enhance the viability, spreading, and attachment of HCAECs and, moreover, preserve the EC phenotype. The blending electrospinning technique shows potential in refining the composition of polymer nanofibers by adding various ingredients (e.g., growth factors) according to cell types to fabricate tissue-engineering scaffold, particularly blood vessel-engineering scaffold.
Synthesis, Molecular Modeling Studies, and Pharmacological Activity of Selective A<sub>1</sub>Receptor Antagonists (2002)

We present a combined computational study aimed at identifying the three-dimensional structural properties required for different classes of compounds to show antagonistic activity toward the A(1) adenosine receptor (AR). Particularly, an approach combining pharmacophore mapping, molecular alignment, and pseudoreceptor generation was applied to derive a hypothesis of the interaction pathway between a set of A(1) AR antagonists taken from the literature and a model of the putative A(1) receptor. The pharmacophore model consists of seven features and represents an improvement of the N(6)-C8 model, generally reported as the most probable pharmacophore model for A(1) AR agonists and antagonists. It was used to build up a pseudoreceptor model able to rationalize the relationships between structural properties and biological data of, and external to, the training set. In fact, to further assess its statistical significance and predictive power, the pseudoreceptor was employed to predict the free energy of binding associated with compounds constituting a test set. While part of these molecules was also taken from the literature, the remaining compounds were designed and synthesized by our research group. All of the new compounds were tested for their affinity toward A(1), A(2a), and A(3) AR, showing interesting antagonistic activity and A(1) selectivity.
A matched filter echo summation technique for MRI (1995)

A technique is presented to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in two-dimensional (2D), phase-encoded imaging at low SNR. The essence of this technique is to combine multiple echoes in the time domain. As analyzed in the paper, phase discrepancies exist among different echoes and may deteriorate the combined echo. In particular, extraneous phase shifts can be created if unshielded gradient coils are used. To overcome these phase discrepancies, a matched filter was derived from the k = 0 component of image. This matched filter has the same phase discrepancies among its echoes as the imaging signal and its magnitude decays with an average T2. In the echo summation with the matched filter, the phase of the matched filter was subtracted from the imaging signal and the magnitude of the matched filter was used as the weighting function. We have shown that this matched filter echo summation technique has better SNR than the case of 2D, phase-encoded imaging in both simulation and experiment. The SNR improvement is up to 60% in a phantom experiment. This technique is mostly useful in low SNR imaging that requires long imaging time, such as spectroscopic imaging and 19F imaging.