gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of active queue management (2003)

Active Queue Management (AQM) is intended to achieve high link utilization with a low queuing delay. Recent studies show that RED, one of the most well-known AQMs, is difficult to configure and does not provide significant performance gains given the complexity required for proper configuration. Recent variants of RED, such as Adaptive-RED are designed to provide more robust RED performance under a wider-range of traffic conditions but have not yet been evaluated. This paper presents a router queue behavior model (a queue law) for TCP-dropping and TCP-marking control systems, and uses the queue law to illustrate the impact of TCP traffic on the load and queue behavior of congested routers. Through queue law analysis and simulation, this paper confirms that RED-like AQM techniques that employ packet dropping do not significantly improve performance over that of drop-tail queue management. However, when AQM techniques use Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) as a method to notify TCP sources of congestion rather than packet drops, the performance gains of AQM in terms of goodput and delay can be significant over that of drop-tail queue management.
Electrochemical quantification of the Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-β (1–40) using amyloid-β fibrillization promoting peptide (2015)

• We developed amyloid-β fibrillization promoting peptide (AFPP). • Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) rapidly deposited onto a AFPP-modified electrode. • Quantitative analysis of Ab can be achieved with a AFPP-modified electrode and Cu 2+ . • The AFPP-modified electrode was easily reinitialized by washing. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is believed to be an important biomarker for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, practical and reliable methods to assay Aβ levels have been coveted. In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and selective electrochemical method for Aβ(1–40) detection using Cu 2+ redox cycling on peptide-modified gold electrodes was developed. A 19-residue peptide that can promote Aβ fibrillization (AFPP) was immobilized onto a gold electrode. After incubating an Aβ solution with the modified electrode for 1 h, a Cu 2+ solution was added and cyclic voltammetry measurements were conducted. The voltammetric response was found to be proportional to the Aβ(1–40) concentration in the 0.1–5 μM range, and a detection limit of 18 nM was achieved. Washing with sodium hydroxide and ethylenediaminetetraacetate solutions easily reinitialized the modified electrode. Results obtained using the reinitialized electrode showed good reproducibility. Furthermore, when another amyloidogenic and Cu 2+ -binding protein amylin was used as the target, no voltammetric response was observed. These results indicate that the AFPP-modified electrode provides a promising, label-free, sensitive, selective, cost-effective, and easy method for the quantification of Aβ.
Application of Microbeam Technique to Atmospheric Science (2005)

Microbeam PIXE, often called micro-PIXE, is a powerful tool for analyzing a wide range of elements for various samples, as well as, it has important applications of interest to the atmospheric science. In this study, qualitative elemental imagination for various atmospheric environmental species was attempted using micro-PIXE. Here, we present the results of an application of micro-PIXE to the study of atmospheric environment. The detailed spatial resolution of multiple elements for various samples like individual ambient particles, individual raindrops, individual fog droplets, and individual snow crystals could be successfully achieved by scanning 2.6 MeV H+ micro beam (1-2 m) accelerated by 3 MV single-end accelerator.
Post-floorplanning power/ground ring synthesis for multiple-supply-voltage designs (2009)

The multiple-supply voltage (MSV) design style has been extensively applied to mitigate dynamic-power consumption. The MSV design paradigm, however, brings many crucial challenges, especially in the power-ring synthesis. Unlike the previous works that form the power rings as the enclosing bounding boxes of voltage islands, we enable power rings alignment to the outer boundaries of voltage islands. With this new formulation, the power-ring estimation becomes more accurate during floorplanning, and the power-ring synthesis is more practical after floorplanning. In this paper, we first propose a linear-time voltage-island power-ring search algorithm to identify the power rings of voltage islands and then present a linear-time optimal power-ring corner-patching algorithm to minimize the number of corners in the power rings by using post-floorplanning whitespaces. Experimental results first demonstrate that reducing corners in power rings significantly mitigates IR drop, and then show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the number of corners by 33% on average for the GSRC floorplan benchmarks. In particular, the total running time for the 16 GSRC benchmarks is less than one second on an AMD-64 machine with a 2.2 GHz CPU and 8 GB memory.
User Interface of Blockchain-Based Agri-Food Traceability Applications: A Review (2021)

Blockchain technology is a secure distributed ledger for lists of transactions, which has immense potential to solve traditional agri-food supply chain issues. An increasing number of research on blockchain-based traceability applications aims to improve food quality and safety. Still, relatively few works considered user interfaces when developing and reporting their applications, which could lead to usability issues. This paper aims to address this gap by reviewing existing works from user interface perspectives. We gathered 25 review papers on blockchain or agri-food supply chain and 39 research papers that presented screenshots of user interfaces of related applications. We first reviewed 7 review papers that focused on the blockchain-based agri-food supply chain to understand the benefits and challenges in the blockchain applications. We then analyzed 14 blockchain-based agri-food traceability applications and 10 non-blockchain-based agri-food traceability applications. The analysis resulted in categorizations of 5 target user groups, 3 main approaches for collecting data, 5 main approaches for visualizing data, and a discussion of other aspects of user interfaces. However, we found insufficient details and discussions on the user interfaces and design decisions of the applications for further usability assessment. Additionally, user involvement for evaluation is lower in blockchain-based researches than in non-blockchain-based researches. This trend could lead to usability problems of blockchain applications, causing blockchain technology to be underutilized. Finally, we discussed research gaps and future research directions related to user interface design, which should be addressed to ease future blockchain adoption.
Minimum noise and correlation energy optical correlation filter (1992)

A new distortion-invariant optical correlation filter to produce easily detectable correlation peaks in the presence of noise and clutter and to provide better intraclass recognition is presented. The basic ideas of the minimum variance synthetic discriminant function correlation filter (which minimizes noise variance in the output correlation peak/plane) and the minimum average correlation energy filter (which minimizes the average correlation plane energy over all the training images) are unified in a new filter that produces sharp correlation peaks while maintaining an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio in the correlation plane output. This new minimum noise and correlation energy filter approach introduces the concept of using the spectral envelope of the training images and the noise power spectrum to obtain a tight bound to the energy minimization problem that is associated with distortion-invariant filters in noise while allowing the user a variable parameter to adjust depending on the noise or clutter that is expected. We present the mathematical basis for the minimum noise and correlation energy filter and the initial simulation results.
[Biogas yield and its relations with the duration and temperature of mixed anaerobic fermentation of livestock dungs and wheat straw]. (2008)

To approach the relationships between the biogas yield ot mixed anaerobic termentation of livestock dungs and crop straw and the fermentation duration and temperature is the key of selecting fermentation materials for rural household biogas, determining optimal fermentation temperature, and improving the reuse efficiency of agricultural residues. In this paper, a batch of experiments under the condition of 8% mass fraction of total solid were conducted in a self-manufactured anaerobic fermentation reactor, with pig dung, cattle dung, and wheat straw as fermentation materials, and the substrate of constant temperature fermentation pool as inoculation substance. The biogas yield, fermentation duration, and optimal temperature were determined. It was shown that the cumulative biogas yield of mixed anaerobic fermentation of pig dung and wheat straw was 2.4 times higher than that of the fermentation of pig dung alone, but no significant difference was observed between the cumulative biogas yields of the mixed fermentation of cattle dung and wheat straw and the fermentation of cattle dung alone. The optimal fermentation temperature for the mixed anaerobic fermentation was above 30 degrees C, and the fermentation duration was about 60 days. The fermentation duration was not always shortened by increasing temperature, and it would be not feasible to only use temnerature to determine the duration of anaerobic fermentation.
Effects of high intensity canoeing training on fibre area and fibre type in the latissimus dorsi muscle. (1989)

A high intensity short duration exercise training programme was undertaken by nine subjects on three occasions each week for nine weeks. Muscle samples from the latissimus dorsi were taken by needle biopsy, at rest, before and after training. The results revealed that there was no change in either Type I or Type II muscle fibre distribution following training. Type I fibre area did not alter significantly as a result of the training stress. Mean cross-sectional area of Type II fibres was 82 per cent greater post-training than pre-training.
Influence of alloying elements on electrochemical behaviour of ternary Al-Zn-Ga alloys for sacrificial anodes (1997)

Abstract This work underlines the influence of alloying elements zinc and gallium on the electrochemical behaviour of aluminium alloys used as sacrificial anodes. Both the single and joint effects of these two elements on the free corrosion potential, the corrosion current density, and the development of the passive region were studied. Coupled potential and efficiency measurements were also carried out. It has been shown that the influence of gallium on the extent of the negative shift in corrosion potential of aluminium is greater than that of zinc. As regards the joint influence of the two elements, zinc was found to reduce the extent of the gallium induced negative shift in potential. Finally, for any composition the efficiencies were low, possibly because of partial segregation in these alloys.
A simple mixed-signal MPPT circuit for photovoltaic applications (2010)

The paper proposes a mixed-signal circuit approach for the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for interfacing photovoltaic (PV) panels with batteries or inverters connected to the utility grid. The proposed circuit is aimed to a low cost single-chip IC implementation and it is based on the incremental conductance method, widely used in the literature when more complex microcontrollers or DSPs are used. Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) or Digital to Analog Converters (DAC) are avoided and the digital logic is reduced to a few elementary operations (a XOR port, a flip-flop and a counter). The analog part of the circuit implements most of the MPPT algorithm by exploiting the linear region of a field-effect transistor to measure and to store the absolute conductance of the operating point, and by using few analog switches, operational amplifiers and a comparator, to elaborate, after the duty-cycle perturbation, the value of the incremental conductance and to compare it with the absolute one. The digital logic imposes the timing of the different phases and the direction of the search algorithm. Simulation and experimental results on a 35 W PV panel, when a high-frequency dc-dc boost converter is employed as a MPP tracker, verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Blue light generation by nonlinear mixing of Nd:YAG and GaAlAs laser emission in a KNbO3 resonant cavity (1990)

A monolithic KNbO3 resonant cavity was used to generate 455 nm radiation by sum frequency mixing of a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with resonantly enhanced 795 nm emission of a diffraction-limited externally injection-locked GaAlAs broad-stripe laser diode. Blue output of 154 mW was measured with 4.5 W of 1064 nm and 240 mW of 795 nm radiation in quasi-cw operation.
The role of another spatial dimension in software visualization (1993)

article Free Access Share on The role of another spatial dimension in software visualization Author: Hideki Koike View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on Information SystemsVolume 11Issue 3July 1993 pp 266–286https://doi.org/10.1145/159161.155370Online:01 July 1993Publication History 46citation928DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations46Total Downloads928Last 12 Months32Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Nanoscale oxide patterns on Si(100) surfaces (1995)

Ultrathin oxide patterns of a linewidth of 50 Å have been created on Si(100)-2×1 surfaces by a scanning tunneling microscope operating in ultrahigh vacuum. The oxide thickness is estimated to be 4–10 Å. The morphology and spectroscopy of the oxide region are obtained. Hydrogen passivation is used as an oxidation mask. The defects caused by oxidation in the passivated region before and after the hydrogen desorption are compared and discussed. The multistep silicon processings by an ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling micropscope is thus demonstrated.
Anonymous Credential-Based Privacy-Preserving Identity Verification for Business Processes (2014)

During the execution of a business process users need to be authenticated by multiple component service providers, while their identities need to be shared and propagated across multi-domain in a privacy-preserving fashion. An anonymous credential-based identity verification scheme is proposed to address privacy issue. Users establish trust relationship with the federation by running the enrollment protocol, which is based on zero-knowledge proof of a set of committed attributes. The IdP cannot learn identity-related information about the user. Anonymous credentials issued by the IdP allow users to selectively disclose attributes as required and prove them in an untraceable and unlinkable way, where the IdP cannot trace the showing of credential and component service providers cannot address multiple transactions to the same user even if they collude either. With the proposed attributes proof protocols, users can prove AND and OR relation over multiple attributes, and interval and inequality relation over a single attribute as well.
FUSED ZINC RESINATES FROM ALDEHYDE-MODIFIED ROSIN (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFUSED ZINC RESINATES FROM ALDEHYDE-MODIFIED ROSINWilliam E. St. Clair and Ray V. LawrenceCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 2, 349–351Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50506a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50506a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Alignment of CT images of skull dysmorphology using anatomy-based perpendicular axes (2003)

Rigid body registration of 3D CT scans, based on manual identification of homologous landmarks, is useful for the visual analysis of skull dysmorphology. In this paper, a robust and simple alignment method was proposed to allow for the comparison of skull morphologies, within and between individuals with craniofacial anomalies, based on 3D CT scans, and the minimum number of anatomical landmarks, under rigidity and uniqueness constraints. Three perpendicular axes, extracted from anatomical landmarks, define the absolute coordinate system, through a rigid body transformation, to align multiple CT images for different patients and acquisition times. The accuracy of the alignment method depends on the accuracy of the localized landmarks and target points. The numerical simulation generalizes the accuracy requirements of the alignment method. Experiments using a human dried skull specimen, and ten sets of skull CT images (the pre- and post-operative CT scans of four plagiocephaly, and one fibrous dysplasia patients), demonstrated the feasibility of the technique in clinical practice.
BVL-1–like VL30 promoter sustains long-term expression in erythroid progenitor cells (2003)

Congenital blood disorders are common and yet clinically challenging globin disorders. Gene therapy continues to serve as a potential therapeutic method to treat these disorders. While tremendous advances have been made in vivo, gene delivery protocols and vector prototypes still require optimization. Alternative cis-acting promoter elements derived from VL30 retroelements have been effective in expressing tissue-specific transgene expression in vivo in nonerythroid cells. VL30 promoter elements were isolated from ELM-I-1 erythroid progenitor cells upon erythropoietin (epo) treatment. These promoters were inserted into a VL30-derived expression vector and reintroduced into the ELM-I-1 cells. beta-Galactosidase reporter gene activity from the ELM 5 clone, a BVL-1-like VL30 promoter, was capable of expressing sustained levels of the transgene expression over a 16-week assay period. These findings delineate the potential utility of these retroelement promoters as transcriptionally active, erythroid-specific, long terminal repeat (LTR) components for current globin vector constructs.
Examination of the Low-Temperature Region in a Downdraft Gasifier for the Pyrolysis Product Analysis of Biomass Air Gasification (2009)

Treatment of biomass in nitrogen and air at 240−340 °C was conducted in order to examine the low-temperature region in a downdraft gasifier by analyzing the treated precursors and product distribution. Gas-treated precursors were then pyrolyzed in flash mode at 764 °C for further analysis. Overall, the tar yield decreased from approximately 50 wt % to less than 20 wt % upon oxidation of the sample at a very low heating rate to 260−300 °C in air. Moreover, tar evolution was almost completely suppressed during the subsequent flash pyrolysis. This indicates that the structure of the treated precursors was gradually changed to suppress tar release through cross-linking reactions and partial oxidation. From elemental analysis of the precursors treated with air, it was also estimated that dehydration and partial oxidation proceeded simultaneously. The results indicate that the release of tar products such as dimers can be partially suppressed by air treatment at low temperature.
Susceptibility of Mice Deficient in CD1D or TAP1 to Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </i> (1999)

Cellular immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis controls infection in the majority of infected humans. Studies in mice have delineated an important role for CD4(+) T cells and cytokines including interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the response to infection with mycobacteria. Recently, the identification of CD8(+) CD1-restricted T cells that kill M. tuberculosis organisms via granulysin and the rapid death after infection of beta2 microglobulin deficient mice in humans has drawn attention to a critical role for CD8(+) T cells. The nature of mycobacterial-specific CD8(+) T cells has been an enigma because few have been identified in any species. Here, we delineate the contribution of class I MHC-restricted T cells in the defense against tuberculosis as transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)1-deficient mice died rapidly, bore a greater bacterial burden, and had more severe tissue pathology than control mice. In contrast, CD1D-/- mice were not significantly different in their susceptibility to infection than control mice. This data demonstrates a critical role for TAP-dependent peptide antigen presentation and provides further evidence that class I MHC-restricted CD8(+) T cells, the major T cell subset activated by this antigen processing pathway, play an essential role in immunity to tuberculosis.
Highly Active Crystalline Mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> Films Coated onto Polycarbonate Substrates for Self-Cleaning Applications (2011)

SiO2 film precoating is found to be very effective for the protection of polycarbonate (PC) as a typical example for heat-sensitive substrate materials, thus preventing its photodegradation under UV light. Subsequently, transparent photoactive mesoporous TiO2 and Sachtleben Hombikat UV100 thin film coatings on SiO2/PC have been developed for self-cleaning applications. The newly prepared photocatalysts films have been compared with either a film prepared from a commercial photocatalyst (Sachtleben Hombikat UV-100), SG-TiO2, or Pilkington Glass ActivTM by the determination of their photonic efficiencies for degradation of methylene blue and the photoinduced surface wettability. The efficiency of the photocatalytic reactions was found to be about three times higher in the case of the mesoporous TiO2 films compared with films prepared from UV-100 or Pilkington Glass ActivTM. This is the first report focusing on the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 films on polycarbonate substrates, and, to the best of our knowledge, the measured photonic efficiency of ζ = 0.078% for these meso-TiO2 films on PC is among the highest ζ-values reported up to now even when using soda-lime glass substrates.
Expeditious Access to Unprotected Racemic Pyroglutamic Acids (2007)

A series of biologically intriguing pyroglutamic acids were synthesized in racemic form by employing indole-isonitrile and ammonium acetate in the Ugi 4-center-3-component reaction of gamma-ketoacids.