gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Water Resources in hills with special reference to Himachal Pradesh-Opportunities and Challenges (2017)

Water is the elixir of life. Water, as a resource is one and individual: rainfall, river waters, surface ponds and lakes and ground water are all part of one system. It is a part of a larger ecological system and vital to the essential environment for sustaining all life forms. It is a basic need for all life forms. Water is one of the most vital natural resources of Himachal Pradesh. The state is richly endowed with a hilly terrain having an enormous volume of water from the catchment areas of Satluj, Beas, Ravi and Chenab rivers. In State, the availability of water is highly uneven in both space and time. Precipitation is confined to only about three or four months in a year (mid-June to mid-September) and varies from about 600 mm in Lahaul & Spiti district to around 3200 mm in Dharamshala in district Kangra Therefore, the usage of water as a scarce and precious resource has to be planned, along with conservation and management measures, on an integrated, environmentally sound and sustainable basis, keeping in view the socio-economic needs of the community. The gross irrigation potential of the state is estimated to be 3.53 lakh hectares, while the irrigation potential created has reached 2.56 lakh hectares by the end of 2013–14. Production of food grains in the state has increased from around 0.7 million tonnes in the year 1966–67 to about 1.45 million tonnes in the year 2012–13. This will have to be raised to around 2.4 million tonnes by the year 2025 to meet the needs of the projected population of 92.25 lakh. The production of fruits and vegetables has increased from 0.05 million tonnes (1966–67) each to 1.09 and 1.35 million tonnes (2012–13) respectively. In order to meet the food requirements and nutritional security of ever growing population of the country, the area under irrigation has to be increased manifolds. Majority of the water resources of the country has been utilized and there is very less scope remained for their further exploitation. The irrigation needs of hilly areas are significantly different from the plains. Due to topographical constraints the expansion of canal net-woks is not possible. Non-availability of ground water due to hilly terrains, the expansion of tube-well irrigation is also restricted. Therefore, seven different location specific strategies have to be adopted to enhance irrigation potential of the hill states including Himachal Pradesh. The location specific strategies to be adopted are water diversion from glaciers/rivulets/streams, lift irrigation schemes from small rivulets/major river system, expansion of area under canal irrigation system, expansion of area under tube-well irrigation, water harvesting in poly-lined tanks in rain-fed areas, construction of cemented/earthen dams for water storage and adoption of micro-irrigation system in existing irrigation schemes. Besides, these location specific measures, micro-irrigation systems like drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation has to be adopted in large scale to meet irrigation needs of the crops in hill states.
Feed Manufacture and Feeding of Rations with Graded Levels of Added Moisture Formulated to Different Energy Densities (2003)

Graded levels of moisture were added to corn-soybean based formulations to create pelleted diets that differed in energy density. The pelleted diets were assessed using feed manufacturing parameters, pellet quality, performance, and energy metabolism of broilers during the growing phase. Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of three levels of added moisture (0, 2.5, and 5%) and two levels of energy density [NRC-recommended levels and 5% less than NRC recommended levels (low energy)]. NRC diets demonstrated increased pellet production rate, decreased pellet starch gelatinization, and decreased pellet durability compared to low energy diets during manufacture. Moisture addition, independent of dietary energy density, increased pellet production rate, decreased relative electrical energy usage, decreased pellet starch gelatinization, and increased pellet durability. These results suggest that moisture addition to broiler diets may increase economic returns of pellet manufacturing while simultaneously increasing pellet quality. In subsequent feeding experiments, broilers fed NRC diets in general demonstrated decreased feed intake and increased feed efficiency (FE) compared to broilers fed lower energy diets. However, broilers fed lower energy diets that included moisture additions demonstrated statistically similar FE compared to broilers fed NRC diets without added moisture. Broiler live weight gain and mortality were not affected by any treatment combination. In addition, broiler-derived true metabolizable energy values did not differ among treatments. These findings imply that feeding lower energy formulations that incorporate moisture can produce broiler FE equivalent to broilers fed NRC corn-soybean formulations, presumably due to benefits associated with improved pellet quality, which do not include increased metabolizable energy.
Architecture synthesis of high-performance application-specific processors (1990)

The key principles of the Application-Specific Processor Design (ASPD) methodology include: a semi-custom compilation-driven design/implementation approach, the exploitation of fine-grained parallelism for high performance, and the adaptation of datapath topology to the data transfers required by the application. The powerful microcode compilation techniques of Percolation Scheduling and Pipeline Scheduling extract and enhance the parallelism in the application object code to generate an optimized specification of the target processor. Implementation optimization is performed to allocate functional units and register files. Graph-coloring algorithms minimize the amount of hardware needed to exploit available parallelism. Data memory employs an organization with multiple banks. Compilation techniques are used to allocate data over the memory banks to enhance parallel access.
Calculation of Current Density Distribution and Terminal Voltage for Bipolar Electrolyzers; Application to Chlorate Cells (1969)

Criterion equations are derived to enable the calculation of voltage and local current densities in one cell of a bipolar chlorate electrolyzer. For the cell system, expressions for current losses due to parasitic currents are derived for two models (with common bubble separator channel or with bubble separator channels for each cell). The calculation includes also the determination of the circulation rate of electrolyte in the cell system. Finally, the influence of specific parameters on the terminal voltage, parasitic currents, and circulation rate of electrolyte is discussed.
Decreased Susceptibility of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>to Fluoroquinolones in Canada (1999)

The prevalence of pneumococci with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones is increasing in Canada, probably as a result of selective pressure from the increased use of fluoroquinolones.
Synthesis of Well-Defined Macroporous Polymer Monoliths by Sol−Gel Polymerization in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (2000)

The synthesis of continuous macroporous polymers (i.e., “polymer monoliths”) is currently a subject of great interest for a variety of applications. These materials may have certain advantages over more traditional macroporous polymer beads, mainly because of the absence of interstitial voids in the “packed” state. Typically, a mold is filled with a polymerization mixture containing a cross-linking monomer, functional comonomers, initiator, and a porogenic diluent. This mixture is then polymerized to form a continuous porous monolith that conforms to the shape of the mold. One drawback of the method is that large volumes of organic solvents are required (typically ∼1:1 solvent to monomer), and these solvents can be hard to remove from the polymer matrix at the end of the reaction. Also, the pore structure of the polymer can be remarkably sensitive to very small changes in the composition of the porogenic solvent mixture. Recently, we have developed methods for the synthesis of highly cross-linked polymer monoliths using supercritical carbon dioxide as the porogenic solvent (Cooper, A. I.; Holmes, A. B. Adv. Mater. 1999, 11, 1270). In this paper, we describe how it is possible to achieve fine control over average pore sizes and pore size distributions, both by variations in the density of the supercritical solvent and also via reverse micellar imprinting.
IgG from Patients with Lambert-Eaton Syndrome Blocks Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels (1988)

Lambert-Eaton syndrome, an autoimmune disorder frequently associated with small-cell carcinoma of the lung, is characterized by impaired evoked release of acetylcholine from the motor nerve terminal. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies from patients with the syndrome, applied to bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, reduced the voltage-dependent calcium channel currents by about 40 percent. When calcium was administered directly into the cytoplasm, however, the IgG-treated cells exhibited normal exocytotic secretion, as assayed by membrane capacitance measurement. Measurement with the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2 indicated that the IgG treatment reduced potassium-stimulated increase in free intracellular calcium concentration. The pathogenic IgG modified neither kinetics of calcium channel activation nor elementary channel activity, suggesting that a reduction in the number of functional calcium channels underlies the IgG-induced effect. Therefore, Lambert-Eaton syndrome IgG reacts with voltage-dependent calcium channels and blocks their function, a phenomenon that can account for the presynaptic impairment characteristic of this disorder.
Radiological properties of a prototype multi‐rod collimator for producing irregular fields in photon radiation therapy (1995)

A prototype multi-rod collimator for producing irregular fields in photon radiation therapy has been designed and built. The mechanical details of the design and operation of the multi-rod collimator are discussed. Beam profiles for an approximately 10 x 10 cm2 field have been measured at various depths in phantom, and compared with profiles obtained using the secondary collimator jaws alone and with cast metal blocks. The ability of the collimator to produce irregular fields is demonstrated with reference to some commonly encountered therapy fields and the ability to produce central blocks and island blocks is discussed. Isodose curves for selected irregular fields are presented.
A deletion in a photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor mRNA causes retinal degeneration in the <i>rd7</i> mouse (2000)

The rd7 mouse, an animal model for hereditary retinal degeneration, has some characteristics similar to human flecked retinal disorders. Here we report the identification of a deletion in a photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor (mPNR) mRNA that is responsible for hereditary retinal dysplasia and degeneration in the rd7 mouse. mPNR was isolated from a pool of photoreceptor-specific cDNAs originally created by subtractive hybridization of mRNAs from normal and photoreceptorless rd mouse retinas. Localization of the gene corresponding to mPNR to mouse Chr 9 near the rd7 locus made it a candidate for the site of the rd7 mutation. Northern analysis of total RNA isolated from rd7 mouse retinas revealed no detectable signal after hybridization with the mPNR cDNA probe. However, with reverse transcription-PCR, we were able to amplify different fragments of mPNR from rd7 retinal RNA and to sequence them directly. We found a 380-nt deletion in the coding region of the rd7 mPNR message that creates a frame shift and produces a premature stop codon. This deletion accounts for more than 32% of the normal protein and eliminates a portion of the DNA-binding domain. In addition, it may result in the rapid degradation of the rd7 mPNR message by the nonsense-mediated decay pathway, preventing the synthesis of the corresponding protein. Our findings demonstrate that mPNR expression is critical for the normal development and function of the photoreceptor cells.
Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Arterial Stiffness (2012)

Increased arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease independent from blood pressure. Recent studies have shed new light on the importance of inflammation on the pathogenesis of arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness is associated with the increased activity of angiotensin II, which results in increased NADPH oxidase activity, reduced NO bioavailability and increased production of reactive oxygen species. Angiotensin II signaling activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which degrade TGFβ precursors to produce active TGFβ, which then results in increased arterial fibrosis. Angiotensin II signaling also activates cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, TNF-α, interleukin-1, interleukin-17 and interleukin- 6. There is also ample clinical evidence that demonstrates the association of inflammation with increased arterial stiffness. Recent studies have shown that reductions in inflammation can reduce arterial stiffness. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, increased aortic pulse wave velocity in patients was significantly reduced by anti tumor necrosis factor-α therapy. Among the major classes of anti hypertensive drugs, drugs that block the activation of the RAS system may be more effective in reducing the progression of arterial stiffness. Thus, there is rationale for targeting specific inflammatory pathways involved in arterial stiffness in the development of future drugs. Understanding the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of arterial stiffness is important to understanding the complex puzzle that is the pathophysiology of arterial stiffening and may be important for future development of novel treatments.
Regulation of pathways of glucose metabolism in kidney (1982)

The pentose phosphate pathway operates at an elevated level in rat kidney following induction of diabetes and in the compensatory hypertrophy following unilateral nephrectomy in control and alloxan-diabetic rats, as shown by the yields of 14CO2 from [1-14C]glucose, [6-14C]glucose and 3H2O yields from [2-3H]glucose. The elevated flux through the pentose phosphate pathway is correlated with the increased RNA content and weight of the kidney. The direct utilization of NADPH for reductive synthetic reactions and the potential for indirect utilization via the sorbitol route and the linked transhydrogenase reactions of the glucuronate-xylulose pathway, for NADH and ATP generation, are also discussed.
[Pleural covering method of polyglycolic acid felt with sodium alginate water solution for prevention of postoperative pulmonary fistula]. (2008)

Sodium alginate is the main ingredient of the seaweed, and its water solution has moderate viscosity. The areas of the pleural defect and around the suture line were covered with polyglycolic acid felt by using 5% sodium alginate water solution in 41 patients who underwent pulmonary resection from November 2006 to April 2007. 28 patients were lung cancer, 6 patients were pulmonary metastasis, and 7 patients were pneumothorax. The duration of the postoperative air leakage was 0.7 days on average. Neither side effect nor complication was observed. This method is cheap, safe, and effective for prevention for postoperative pulmonary fistula.
Role of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a in the Secondary Damage of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (2011)

This study reveals a cellular and molecular mechanism by which ASIC1a is involved in the secondary damage process after traumatic SCI. Our results suggest that blockade of Ca(2+) -permeable ASIC1a may be a potential neuroprotection strategy for the treatment of SCI patients.
MULTIPLEXING, MULTIPLE ACCESS AND SIGNALLING IN THE MAROTS MARITIME MOBILE SATELLITE SYSTEM (1978)

The MAROTS maritime mobile satellite system is designed primarily to provide telephone and telex communications with ships at sea. Facilities for dealing with distress calls on a priority basis are also provided. The system must be capable of serving a large number (thousands) of ships, each of which will have a low calling rate. The ships will communicate with terrestrial subscribers through a small number (tens) of shore stations. With only a small number of satellite channels available, it would thus be impossible to allocate channels permanently to ships, and the satellite capacity must therefore be assigned to ships on demand. The multiple access method and the multiplexing of channels must be designed to permit this flexibility of use, and the required signallig capability must also be provided. The methods described in this paper, although designed originally for MAROTS, are considered suitable for the future INMARSAT system.
Click-Derived Triazolylidenes as Chelating Ligands: Achievement of a Neutral and Luminescent Iridium(III)–Triazolide Complex (2018)

Versatility in the synthesis of triazole derivatives was exploited to obtain convenient mesoionic carbenes working as chelating or cyclometalating ligands for the preparation of cationic or neutral iridium(III) complexes. We present the synthesis and characterization of three new cationic cyclometalating iridium(III) complexes (1-3-BF<sub>4</sub>) and a neutral one (4), equipped with functionalized triazolylidene ligands. All the complexes are obtained in good yields, present irreversible or quasi-reversible oxidation and reduction processes, and display good photophysical stability. The complexes emit from <sup>3</sup>MLCT or <sup>3</sup>LC states, depending on the nature of the ancillary ligand. Compounds 1-3-BF<sub>4</sub> display very low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY ≈ 1% in acetonitrile solution). Density functional theory calculations show that the luminescence of these three complexes is quenched by the presence of low-lying <sup>3</sup>MC states, leading to a reversible detachment of the neutral ancillary ligands from the metal coordination sphere. On the contrary, this nonradiative deactivation pathway is not present in the case of the neutral complex 4, which in fact shows PLQYs above 10% and is the best emitter of the series. Moreover, complex 4 represents the first reported example of a photochemically and thermally stable neutral triazolide iridium(III) complex.
Expression of wild-type p53 stimulates an increase in both Bax and Bcl-xL protein content in HT29 cells. (1996)

It has been shown previously that wild-type p53 activity can simultaneously up-regulate Bax, a protein which predisposes cells to programmed cell death (PCD), and down-regulate Bcl-2, a protein which antagonizes PCD. These findings have been interpreted to suggest that correction of the mutant p53 status of some tumor cells may be a means of increasing their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, by increasing their likelihood of undergoing PCD. We show here that when wild-type p53 activity is expressed in HT29 human colon cancer cells by use of a temperature sensitive p53 mutant, Bax levels rise, but so do levels of Bcl-xL protein. These observations indicate that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are regulated differently in response to wild-type p53 activity and that, while correction of mutant p53 phenotype may effectively kill cells having Bcl-2 as their major defense against PCD, this is not necessarily the case in cells using Bcl-xL as their primary defense.
A PM Brushless DC Starter/Generator System for a Series-Parallel 2x2 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2007)

A higher power starter/generator system has been implemented for a hybrid electric vehicle using a 20-kW PM brushless DC (BLDC) machine. The PM BLDC machine, coupled to the 1.9 L diesel engine of the vehicle, generates the electrical power to charge the high-voltage energy storage system and to drive an induction machine connected to the rear wheels. It may also use stored energy to start the engine or to assist propulsion during vehicle acceleration. The starter/generator system comprises of the BLDC machine itself, the power electronics, and a control processor, and is integrated into the vehicle via a CAN interface. The control processor responds to torque commands via the CAN bus from the vehicle supervisory controller providing two-quadrant drive operation with Hall-sensor position information. It also monitors current and position sensor signals for fault conditions, and provides a CAN status message summarizing the health of the system. The starter/generator system is an integral part of the series-parallel 2-X-2 architecture that allows multiple modes of hybrid vehicle operation with improvements in fuel efficiency, emissions and performance over conventional hybrid vehicles.
Biomedical Application of Near-Infrared Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy. Part I: The 1064-nm Excited Raman Spectra of Blood and Met Hemoglobin (1992)

Raman spectroscopy, which has been employed extensively to study the structure and function of biological materials for the last two decades, also has considerable potential as a diagnostic and analytical tool in medicine. However, the medical application of Raman spectroscopy has been limited to some special topics such as lens research because most morbid materials emit strong fluorescence and are weak with respect to laser illumination. Fluorescence and decomposition, two major drawbacks of Raman spectroscopy which must be circumvented, have made its medical applications difficult.