gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Moisture on the Switching Characteristics of Oxide‐Based, Gapless‐Type Atomic Switches (2011)

Abstract Resistive switching memories based on the formation and dissolution of a metal filament in a simple metal/oxide/metal structure are attractive because of their potential high scalability, low‐power consumption, and ease of operation. From the standpoint of the operation mechanism, these types of memory devices are referred to as gapless‐type atomic switches or electrochemical metallization cells. It is well known that oxide materials can absorb moisture from the ambient air, which causes shifts in the characteristics of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor devices. However, the role of ambient moisture on the operation of oxide‐based atomic switches has not yet been clarified. In this work, current–voltage measurements were performed as a function of ambient water vapor pressure and temperature to reveal the effect of moisture on the switching behavior of Cu/oxide/Pt atomic switches using different oxide materials. The main findings are: i) the ionization of Cu at the anode interface is likely to be attributed to chemical oxidation via residual water in the oxide layer, ii) Cu ions migrate along grain boundaries in the oxide layer, where a hydrogen‐bond network might be formed by moisture absorption, and iii) the stability of residual water has an impact on the ionization and migration processes and plays a major role in determining the operation voltages. These findings will be important in the microscopic understanding of the switching behavior of oxide‐based atomic switches and electrochemical metallization cells.
RCS computation of jet engine with complex termination based on multiplaten Z-buffer algorithm (2003)

The analysis of electromagnetic scattering from the jet engine with complex termination is a very difficult task because the electrical size of the engine cavity is very large and the geometry of engine termination is very complex. In this paper, the shooting-and-bounding rays (SBR) method is employed to analyse electromagnetic scattering from jet engines with complex termination. In order to accelerate the ray tracing and to economise the computation memory, the multiplaten Z-buffer algorithm is employed to model the jet engine. Two jet engine models with the complex termination are analysed. Excellent results are obtained for the two models.
Antileukemic activity of rapamycin in acute myeloid leukemia (2004)

Abstract The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of growth and survival in many cell types. Its constitutive activation has been involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers. In this study, we show that mTOR inhibition by rapamycin strongly inhibits the growth of the most immature acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines through blockade in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Accordingly, 2 downstream effectors of mTOR, 4E-BP1 and p70S6K, are phosphorylated in a rapamycin-sensitive manner in a series of 23 AML cases. Interestingly, the mTOR inhibitor markedly impairs the clonogenic properties of fresh AML cells while sparing normal hematopoietic progenitors. Moreover, rapamycin induces significant clinical responses in 4 of 9 patients with either refractory/relapsed de novo AML or secondary AML. Overall, our data strongly suggest that mTOR is aberrantly regulated in most AML cells and that rapamycin and analogs, by targeting the clonogenic compartment of the leukemic clone, may be used as new compounds in AML therapy.
The design and realization of a high reliability semiconductor laser for single-mode fiber-optical communication links (1988)

Long-haul trunk telecommunication systems, particularly optical submarine cable systems, have especially demanding reliability requirements. The authors describe how the InGaAsP inverted-rib waveguide (IRW) laser was designed for use as the source for such single-mode systems by minimizing known degradation hazards. The results of an extensive reliability assurance program are summarized. This included wafer validation endurance tests, overstress tests, and package design and life tests. The results of 7 million life-test hours confirm that the IRW laser has extremely good reliability performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE CHINESE LEGAL SYSTEM: A PRIMER FOR INVESTORS (1997)

This chapter presents a general introduction to aspects of the Chinese legal system of particular interest to investors in securities of Chinese enterprises or companies organized to invest in China.Our principal focus is on the creation of legally binding obligations under Chinese law, and the enforcement of those obligations.We do not address the legal and practical issues involved in structuring and negotiating a deal in China.Rather, we will try to help answer a question that has come increasingly to the forefront in the business and investment community: once you have a deal in China, what have you got?To approach this question, a flat recitation of Chinese law will not do.Legal development in China is being driven-or, in many cases, pulled at some distance behind-by the extraordinarily fundamental and comprehensive reform process begun in China in 1979 and the ferocious commercial energy that process has unleashed.Practice is well ahead of law in some areas and well behind it in others, and both law and practice are constantly evolving.The best way to understand Chinese law is to examine it within the framework of a few basic themes relating to the historical and cultural context in which the law operates and to the current reform process in particular.These themes, far from being abstract and
Para-ellipsoid mirrors and fan shaped beams (1979)

The generating equation for a para-ellipsoid mirror is stated in the practical terms of the focal lengths and the diameter to give a fan-shaped beam of some particular spread. Calculations and measurements indicate that the intensity at an angle from the beam axis varies inversely with that angle, rather than being uniform throughout the width of the fan beam. An outline of the reverse calculation is given, starting from a desired fan-beam intensity ditribution to give the polar or cartesian coordinates of the required pseudo-paraboloid surface. The slope and curvature of a hypothetical 'directrix' surface are indicators of the beam divergence and of the intensity distribution.
Substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of a xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase HvXET6 from barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) (2008)

A family 16 glycoside hydrolase, xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.207), also known as xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET), and designated isoenzyme HvXET6, was purified approximately 400-fold from extracts of young barley seedlings. The complete amino acid sequence of HvXET6 was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a near full-length cDNA, in combination with tryptic peptide mapping. An additional five to six isoforms or post-translationally modified XET enzymes were detected in crude seedling extracts of barley. The HvXET6 isoenzyme was expressed in Pichia pastoris, characterized and compared with the previously purified native HvXET5 isoform. Barley HvXET6 has a similar apparent molecular mass of 33-35 kDa to the previously purified HvXET5 isoenzyme, but the two isoenzymes differ in their isoelectric points, pH optima, kinetic properties and substrate specificities. The HvXET6 isoenzyme catalyses transfer reactions between xyloglucans and soluble cellulosic substrates, using oligo-xyloglucosides as acceptors, but at rates that are significantly different from those observed for HvXET5. No hydrolytic activity could be detected with either isoenzyme. Comparisons of the reaction rates using xyloglucan or hydroxyethyl cellulose as donors and a series of cellodextrins as acceptors indicated that the acceptor site of HvXET can accommodate five glucosyl residues. Molecular modelling supported this conclusion and further confirmed the ability of the enzyme's active site to accommodate xyloglucan and cellulosic substrates. The two HvXETs followed a ping-pong (Bi, Bi) rather than a sequential reaction mechanism.
Fast curve fitting using neural networks (1992)

Neural networks provide a new tool for the fast solution of repetitive nonlinear curve fitting problems. In this article we introduce the concept of a neural network, and we show how such networks can be used for fitting functional forms to experimental data. The neural network algorithm is typically much faster than conventional iterative approaches. In addition, further substantial improvements in speed can be obtained by using special purpose hardware implementations of the network, thus making the technique suitable for use in fast real-time applications. The basic concepts are illustrated using a simple example from fusion research, involving the determination of spectral line parameters from measurements of B iv impurity radiation in the COMPASS-C tokamak.
Differential Effects of Prednisone and Growth Hormone on Fuel Metabolism and Insulin Antagonism in Humans (1991)

Human growth hormone (hGH) and prednisone cause insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. However, it is unknown whether hGH and prednisone antagonize insulin action on protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism by a common or independent mechanism. Therefore, protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism was assessed simultaneously in four groups of eight subjects each after 7 days of placebo, recombinant DNA hGH (rhGH; 0.1 mg.kg-1.day-1), prednisone (0.8 mg.kg-1.day-1), or rhGH and prednisone administration after an 18-h fast and during gut infusion of glucose and amino acids (fed state). Fasting plasma glucose concentrations were similar during placebo and rhGH but elevated (P less than 0.001) during combined treatment, whereas plasma insulin concentrations were higher (237 +/- 57 pmol/ml, P less than 0.001) during combined than during placebo, rhGH, or prednisone treatment (34, 52, and 91 pM, respectively). In the fed state, plasma glucose concentrations were elevated only during combined treatment (11.3 +/- 2.1 mM, P less than 0.001). Plasma insulin concentrations were elevated during therapy with prednisone alone and rhGH alone (667 +/- 72 and 564 +/- 65 pmol/ml, respectively, P less than 0.001) compared with placebo (226 +/- 44 pmol/ml) but lower than with the combined rhGH and prednisone treatment (1249 +/- 54 pmol/ml, P less than 0.01). Protein oxidation [( 14C]leucine) increased (P less than 0.001) with prednisone therapy, decreased (P less than 0.001) with rhGH treatment, and was normal during the combined treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Silane Coupling Agents in Polymer-based Reinforced Composites: A Review (2008)

Fibril or particulate fillers used to reinforce polymeric composites are often inorganic, so, as two dissimilar materials cannot compatibilize with each other, the problem of adherence always exists. To solve this problem a third material can help as a coupling agent. A coupling agent should have the ability to adhere to both surfaces by means of different functional groups. Silane coupling agents are frequently used because of several outstanding aspects they have. This review is a survey on these coupling agents used in composites.
Command generation for flexible systems (1997)

For many types of mechanical systems flexibility presents the biggest challenge to the control system. If the mechanical components undergo deflection during the course of operation, it may prove difficult to track a desired trajectory or avoid obstacles. Furthermore, once the system has reached a setpoint, the residual vibration will degrade positioning accuracy and may cause a delay in task completion. Even if the mechanical components are very stiff, a closed-loop controller may introduce flexibility of its own that is detrimental to system performance. The desired motion of a system is fed into a command generator that transforms the desired motion into a reference command. The reference command is then used to either drive an openloop system, or form an error signal for a closed-loop system. Not every control system has a closed-loop controller; however, every control system does have some form of command generator. In many systems the command generator may not be immediately obvious and it may not be programmed into a computer. For example, the command generator for a construction crane is the human operator who attempts to produce an appropriate reference command in real time. This thesis presents methods for designing command generators for flexible systems.
Regulation of surfactant protein A mRNA by hormones and butyrate in cultured fetal rat lung (1990)

We have previously shown that dexamethasone, triiodothyronine (T3) and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) stimulate phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis in fetal rat lung explants in culture. There are also additive interactions between these agents with regard to PC synthesis. In this study we examined the regulation of surfactant protein A (SP-A) mRNA in fetal rat lung in culture. Dexamethasone increased SP-A mRNA in the explants in a dose-dependent fashion (1-200 nM), but T3 did not. Whereas 8-bromo-cAMP increased SP-A mRNA, a decrease was observed with dibutyryl cAMP. These findings support the view that at least some of the genes involved in the synthesis of the various components of surfactant are independently regulated. Since we observed differences in the effects of a cAMP analogue which contained butyrate and one that did not, explants were then cultured with Na butyrate, a known regulator of gene expression. A significant decrease in SP-A mRNA was observed at mM concentrations. Exposure of the explants to alpha-aminobutyric acid, a butyric acid analogue which is elevated in the blood of infants of diabetic mothers, resulted in a significant decrease in SP-A mRNA at a concentration 1/25 of that required for Na butyrate. This observation raises the question of whether the decreased SP-A levels reported in fetuses of diabetic mothers may, at least in part, be related to this metabolite.
Students' Perceptions of Causes and Consequences of Embarrassment in the School (1987)

Wilfred B. W. Martin, Students' Perceptions of Causes and Consequences of Embarrassment in the School, Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l'éducation, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Spring, 1987), pp. 277-293
Comparison of The Quantification of A Therapeutic Protein Using Nominal And Accurate Mass MS/MS (2012)

The high-resolution instrument was demonstrated to be reproducible over the course of the assay. The accurate mass method sensitivity was determined to be within one order of magnitude of that obtained with a tandem quadrupole MS/MS assay.
P34.8 (GP37) is not essential for baculovirus replication (2001)

Previous reports have indicated that p34.8 (gp37) may be essential for the replication of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) because no virus with inactivated p34.8 was isolated. We have ascertained the requirement for this gene by attempting to inactivate it with a large insertion [the gene encoding GFP (green fluorescent protein)] or by deleting all the conserved domains from the open reading frame (ORF). The gene encoding GFP was inserted into the NOT:I site of the p34.8 ORF and a viral plaque containing the insertion was propagated in SF-21 cells. Similarly, 531 bp (NOT:I-XBA:I) containing all conserved domains were deleted from the ORF. All mutants were authenticated by PCR amplification, restriction endonuclease analysis, DNA sequencing, and Southern and Northern blot analysis. It was found that inactivation of p34.8 of AcUW1-LacZ (AcMNPV containing a lacZ gene in the p10 locus) had no effect on the biological property of virus, such as virulence and kinetics. These two independent methods showed that p34.8 is not essential for replication and that this locus could provide another site for the engineering of baculoviruses.
Lessons Learned from the Design, Certification, and Operation of the Space Shuttle Integrated Main Propulsion System (IMPS) (2011)

The Space Shuttle Integrated Main Propulsion System (IMPS) consists of the External Tank (ET), Orbiter Main Propulsion System (MPS), and Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSMEs). The IMPS is tasked with the storage, conditioning, distribution, and combustion of cryogenic liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LO2) propellants to provide first and second stage thrust for achieving orbital velocity. The design, certification, and operation of the associated IMPS hardware have produced many lessons learned over the course of the Space Shuttle Program (SSP). A subset of these items will be discussed in this paper for consideration when designing, building, and operating future spacecraft propulsion systems. This paper will focus on lessons learned related to Orbiter MPS and is the first of a planned series to address the subject matter.
Genetics of Ustilago maydis, A Fungal Pathogen that Induces Tumors in Maize (1995)

Ustilago maydis induces tumors in maize. It is dimorphic, with a unicellular, nonpathogenic form, and a dikaryotic, filamentous, pathogenic form that requires the plant for its growth. The life cycle is regulated by two mating type loci,a and b: a has two alleles, which encode a pheromone and a receptor; b is multiallelic and encodes a combinatorial homeodomain protein. Cell fusion occurs between haploid cells with different a alleles. The dikaryon formed exhibits filamentous growth if the cells also carry any two different b alleles. The b locus is the major pathogenicity determinant, fuz7, which encodes a MAP kinase activator, is also necessary for tumor induction and may respond to plant signals. Several other genes have been identified (fuz1, fuz2, rtf1, uac, ubc) that affect different aspects of the life cycle transitions. Some of them may identify targets of the b locus. Signaling between pathogen and plant is of key importance in tumor induction and fungal growth and differentiation within the plant. The role of siderophores is also discussed.
β-Propiolactone. XV. Use in the Diene Synthesis (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTβ-Propiolactone. XV. Use in the Diene SynthesisT. L. Gresham, J. E. Jansen, and F. X. WerberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 2, 609Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01631a087https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01631a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Innate immune processes are sufficient for driving silicosis in mice (2010)

The lung is constantly exposed to potentially pathogenic particles and microorganisms. It has become evident recently that not only innate but also adaptive immune responses to particulates, such as SiO(2) entering the respiratory tract, are complex and dynamic events. Although the cellular mechanisms and anatomical consequences involved in the development of silicosis have been studied extensively, they still remain poorly understood. Based on their capacity for immune regulation, lymphocytes may play a key role in the respiratory response to environmental challenge by SiO(2). The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of SiO(2) exposure on respiratory immune processes, with particular emphasis on evaluating the importance of lymphocytes in the murine silicosis model. Therefore, lymphopenic mice, including NK-deficient, Rag1(-/-), or a combination (Rag1(-/-) NK-depleted), were used and demonstrated that SiO(2)-induced fibrosis and inflammation can occur independently of T, B, NK T, and NK cells. Studies in Rag1(-/-) mice suggest further that lymphocytes may participate in the regulation of SiO(2)-induced inflammation through modulation of the Nalp3 inflammasome. This observation may have clinical relevance in the treatment of inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases that are refractory or respond suboptimally to current therapeutics.
Isolation of Coralmycins A and B, Potent Anti-Gram Negative Compounds from the Myxobacteria <i>Corallococcus coralloides</i> M23 (2016)

Two new potent anti-Gram negative compounds, coralmycins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from cultures of the myxobacteria Corallococcus coralloides M23, together with another derivative (3) that was identified as the very recently reported cystobactamid 919-2. Their structures including the relative stereochemistry were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic, optical rotation, and CD data. The relative stereochemistry of 3 was revised to "S*R*" by NMR analysis. The antibacterial activity of 1 was most potent against Gram-negative pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with MICs of 0.1-4 μg/mL; these MICs were 4-10 and 40-100 times stronger than the antibacterial activities of 3 and 2, respectively. Thus, these data indicated that the β-methoxyasparagine unit and the hydroxy group of the benzoic acid unit were critical for antibacterial activity.
PD-L1 Expression Promotes Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Esophageal Cancer (2017)

Our present study reveals a tumor cell-autonomous role of PD-L1 signaling in promoting EMT in human esophageal cancer.
Stress and Strain (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Notation Definitions and Types of Stress Stress Component Analysis Relationship between Stress and Internal Forces Differential Equations of Equilibrium Allowable Stress Residual Stress Definition of Strain Relationship between Strain and Displacement Analysis of Strain Elastic Stress–Strain Relations Stress and Strain in Simple Configurations Combined Stresses Unsymmetric Bending Theories of Failure Application of Failure Theories References Tables for Chapter 3
Medium for the Selective Enumeration of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Foods (1973)

A nitrite actidione polymyxin agar was developed for the enumeration of lactic acid bacteria. It was effective in recovering organisms from pure cultures and from foods.
Characterization of 19.9% Efficient CIGS Absorbers (Presentation) (2008)

No abstract prepared.
Determination of the Transverse Topography of Membrane Phospholipids Using Phospholipid Transfer Proteins as Tools (2003)

Phospholipid-transfer proteins (PL-TP) have been isolated from a number of tissues, including heart, liver, and brain (1). These proteins catalyze the one-for-one exchange in vitro of phospholipid molecules between membranes, lipoproteins, or liposomes. The functions of PL-TP in vivo have not been established; however, it is likely that they are involved in the transfer of phospholipid between organelle membranes during membrane biogenesis and membrane remodeling. Since PL-TP only exchange the phospholipid of the outer leaflet of membrane bilayers and do not appear to alter the structure of membranes, they provide a unique tool for investigating the transverse distribution of membrane phospholipids.