gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micromanufacturing: A review—part II (2014)

This article discusses an overview of microforming, microcasting and microwelding processes. In the case of microforming, the processes reviewed are micro deep drawing, microforging, microextrusion, microrolling, microstamping, microhydroforming and incremental microforming. This section also throws some light on how the lasers have been used for microbending and micropunching purposes. The work done in the area of physics of microforming processes has also been discussed briefly. This article also deals with different types of microcasting processes particularly permanent mold and investment microcasting processes. The applications of these microcasting processes have been specified in different fields of engineering, biomedical and so on. Some areas in which further research work is needed have been identified. It includes both theoretical and experimental works which need attention. The last part of this article deals with microjoining in general and laser microjoining in particular. This section discusses the types of the lasers that are being used for microjoining purposes. The process parameters (laser, optics, system and material) have been explained, and some work done on the parametric analysis has been reported briefly. Various applications of laser microjoining have been elaborated before the last section on concluding remarks. This last section presents, in very brief, the areas in which further work is required in microjoining processes.
Accurate system for automatic pill recognition using imprint information (2015)

With rapidly advancing of contemporary medicine, it is necessary to help people identify various kinds of pills to prevent the adverse pill events. In this study, a high‐accuracy automatic pill recognition system is proposed for accurate and automatic pill recognition. As pill imprint is main distinction between different pills, this system proposes algorithms on both imprint extraction and description parts to make use of imprint information. First, proposed modified stroke width transform is adopted to extract the imprint by detecting coherent strokes of imprint on the pill. Moreover, image segmentation by Loopy belief propagation is also added on printed imprint pills to solve the incoherent and coarse stroke problem. Second, a new descriptor named two‐step sampling distance sets is proposed for accurate imprint description and successfully cut down the noise on extracted imprint. This strategy is based on the imprint partition – partitions the imprint on the basis of separated strokes, fragments and noise points. Recognition experiments are applied on extensive databases and result shows 90.46% rank‐1 matching accuracy and 97.16% on top five ranks when classifying 12 500 query pill images into 2500 categories.
Substrate temperature effect on crystallographic quality and surface morphology of zinc sulfide films on (100)-oriented silicon substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy (1986)

The crystallographic quality and the surface morphology of ZnS films on (100) Si substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy are profoundly dependent on the substrate temperature Ts. When the Ts was below 300 °C, single crystalline films with twins grew along 〈100〉 directions in the initial stage of growth. However, when the film thickness was increased, the growth orientation changed from 〈100〉 to two 〈511〉 directions of the Si substrate. Namely, the relation of growth orientations between overgrowth and substrate is ZnS(111)∥Si(511). When the Ts was set between 340 and 370 °C, the grown films were single crystal with twins appearing initially and grew with a 〈100〉 orientation, but decreased with increasing film thickness. Especially in the case of Ts=340 °C, the ZnS film became best crystallized and exhibited the twin-free streaky pattern in the reflection high-energy electron diffraction pattern with a smooth surface morphology.
Inductive data flow graphs (2013)

The correctness of a sequential program can be shown by the annotation of its control flow graph with inductive assertions. We propose inductive data flow graphs, data flow graphs with incorporated inductive assertions, as the basis of an approach to verifying concurrent programs. An inductive data flow graph accounts for a set of dependencies between program actions in interleaved thread executions, and therefore stands as a representation for the set of concurrent program traces which give rise to these dependencies. The approach first constructs an inductive data flow graph and then checks whether all program traces are represented. The size of the inductive data flow graph is polynomial in the number of data dependencies (in a sense that can be made formal); it does not grow exponentially in the number of threads unless the data dependencies do. The approach shifts the burden of the exponential explosion towards the check whether all program traces are represented, i.e., to a combinatorial problem (over finite graphs).
Compatible improvement of the GSM/EDGE system by means of space-time coding techniques (2003)

On the basis of the GSM/EDGE system, the application of space-time coding techniques is investigated, especially with regard to aspects of compatibility with current specifications. In this paper, simple special cases of space-time trellis codes and space-time block codes are considered, namely the delay-diversity and the Alamouti scheme. The performance improvements obtainable by means of these techniques in the case of a typical urban (TU) wireless channel are demonstrated both on the basis of analytical and simulation results. For the delay-diversity scheme, a lower bound on the bit-error probability is derived and an optimization of the intrinsic delay parameter is considered. For the Alamouti scheme, a novel trellis-based soft-output equalization and detection algorithm is presented, which is of same complexity as in the single transmit antenna case. Moreover, in the case of the Alamouti scheme, appropriate training sequence pairs are required. In this context, optimized partner sequences with respect to the eight GSM sequences are introduced yielding pairs that significantly outperform any pair of GSM sequences. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the delay-diversity and the Alamouti scheme to a time-variant TU channel is addressed as well as to nonperfect knowledge of the channel coefficients at the receiver.
Synthesis of anion exchange polystyrene membranes for the electrolysis of sodium chloride (2008)

Abstract We have prepared a cross‐linked polystyrene anion exchange composite membrane for the electrolysis of sodium chloride to produce sodium hydroxide by selective removal of chloride ions. The composite membrane is homogeneously modified by gas phase nitration, followed by amination using hydrazine hydrate, and further reaction with dichloroethane and triethylamine to introduce quaternary ammonium charges on it. We showed that the membrane is specific to the transport of chloride ions through its pores. The performance of the membrane has been evaluated in terms of current efficiency and power consumption, and the effect of various parameters like current density, initial salt concentration, and circulation rate is studied. The maximum current efficiency obtained is 96.5% and the corresponding power consumption is 0.1216 kWh/mol at 5.2 N initial salt concentration and current density of 254 A/m 2 . © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
HEPATIC NUCLEOTIDE TRIPHOSPHATE REGENERATION AFTER HYPOTHERMIC REPERFUSION IN THE PIG MODEL (1996)

The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of regenerating nucleotide triphosphates (NTP) in the pig liver following its harvest and subsequent storage on ice. This study has used a pig model that allowed human donor liver retrieval techniques and methods of storage to be utilized. In vitro phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the changes associated with phosphorus containing metabolites such as NTP, phosphomonoesters (PME), phosphodiesters (PDE), and inorganic phosphate (Po). During 4 hr storage NTP levels were reduced to undetectable levels but its regeneration was possible over a period of 2 hr of oxygenated hypothermic reperfusion. Resynthesized NTP reached values that were only 30% reduced from pre-harvest values. There was a corresponding reduction in Pi over the same period. Glycolytic intermediates, 3-phosphoglycerate and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, both increased significantly during the period of storage and subsequently declined following hypothermic reperfusion. Cellular damage, indicated by the concentrations of glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) and glycerophosphorylethanolamine (GPE) was minimal during cold storage. However upon hypothermic reperfusion, concentrations of GPC and GPE reduced, indicating a degree of cellular damage caused by reperfusion. This study has shown for the first time that is possible to regenerate high energy phosphate nucleotides following a period of hypothermic reperfusion in a large, clinically related animal model. This technique warrants investigation clinically to improve the outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation. It also provides a method to study the effects of different preservation fluids and methods of storage and organ reperfusion.
Shape-Based Approach to Robust Image Segmentation using Kernel PCA (2006)

Segmentation involves separating an object from the background. In this work, we propose a novel segmentation method combining image information with prior shape knowledge, within the level-set framework. Following the work of Leventon et al., we revisit the use of principal component analysis (PCA) to introduce prior knowledge about shapes in a more robust manner. To this end, we utilize Kernel PCA and show that this method of learning shapes outperforms linear PCA, by allowing only shapes that are close enough to the training data. In the proposed segmentation algorithm, shape knowledge and image information are encoded into two energy functionals entirely described in terms of shapes. This consistent description allows to fully take advantage of the Kernel PCA methodology and leads to promising segmentation results. In particular, our shape-driven segmentation technique allows for the simultaneous encoding of multiple types of shapes, and offers a convincing level of robustness with respect to noise, clutter, partial occlusions, or smearing.
Hair Protein Polymorphism and Its Application to Forensic Science Hair Comparison. (1990)

Hair protein is keratin, a hard protein which is naturally insoluble and resistant to attack by proteolytic enzymes. Keratin exhibits a lot of heterogeneity when it is reduced at the disulfide cross linkages. This nature of heterogeneity can provide forensic scientists who are engaged in hair comparison with information concerning species identification as well as individual discrimination. In this review the hair protein variation based on genetic or acquired origin are discussed critically with special reference to forensic hair comparison.
Performance Analysis of IoT-Based Sensor, Big Data Processing, and Machine Learning Model for Real-Time Monitoring System in Automotive Manufacturing (2018)

With the increase in the amount of data captured during the manufacturing process, monitoring systems are becoming important factors in decision making for management. Current technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensors can be considered a solution to provide efficient monitoring of the manufacturing process. In this study, a real-time monitoring system that utilizes IoT-based sensors, big data processing, and a hybrid prediction model is proposed. Firstly, an IoT-based sensor that collects temperature, humidity, accelerometer, and gyroscope data was developed. The characteristics of IoT-generated sensor data from the manufacturing process are: real-time, large amounts, and unstructured type. The proposed big data processing platform utilizes Apache Kafka as a message queue, Apache Storm as a real-time processing engine and MongoDB to store the sensor data from the manufacturing process. Secondly, for the proposed hybrid prediction model, Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN)-based outlier detection and Random Forest classification were used to remove outlier sensor data and provide fault detection during the manufacturing process, respectively. The proposed model was evaluated and tested at an automotive manufacturing assembly line in Korea. The results showed that IoT-based sensors and the proposed big data processing system are sufficiently efficient to monitor the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid prediction model has better fault prediction accuracy than other models given the sensor data as input. The proposed system is expected to support management by improving decision-making and will help prevent unexpected losses caused by faults during the manufacturing process.
Oxidatively Induced Abstraction Reactions. A Synthetic Approach to Low-Coordinate and Reactive Early Transition Metal Complexes Containing Metal−Ligand Multiple Bonds (2006)

A library of low-coordinate titanium and vanadium complexes containing terminal metal−ligand multiply bonded functionalities such as alkylidenes, alkylidynes, and imides have been prepared by one-electron oxidatively induced α-hydrogen abstraction reactions. In the case of the alkylidene motif, the nucleophilic nature of the M−C multiple bond permits subsequent reactions such as α-hydrogen migration to generate other rare functionalities such as phosphinidene−alkyl and imide−alkyls. Identifying and fine-tuning of the supporting ancillary ligand on the metal has allowed the isolation of kinetically stable titanium alkylidene and phosphinidene systems. The former is a key functionality to generate transient titanium alkylidynes, which readily engage in intermolecular C−H activation reactions of arenes and alkanes, and the ring-opening metathesis of aromatic substrates such as pyridines. In this Account, we describe several synthetic strategies to achieve reactive functionalities, functionalities that were previously portrayed as “incompatible” or “too kinetically reactive” with 3d early transition metals.
Admission control for QoS support in heterogeneous 4G wireless networks (2008)

Admission control plays a very important role in wireless systems, as it is one of the basic mechanisms for ensuring the quality of service offered to users. Based on the available network resources, it estimates the impact of adding or dropping a new session request. In both 2G and 3G systems, admission control refers to a single network. As we are moving towards heterogeneous wireless networks referred to as systems beyond 3G or 4G, admission control will need to deal with many heterogeneous networks and admit new sessions to a network that is most appropriate to supply the requested QoS. In this article we present the fundamentals of access-network-based admission control, an overview of the existing admission control algorithms for 2G and 3G networks, and finally give the design of a new admission control algorithm suitable for future 4G networks and specifically influenced by the objectives of the European WINNER project.
Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Is Required for High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesteryl Ester-Supported Adrenal Steroidogenesis (2003)

Steroid hormones are synthesized using cholesterol as precursor, with a substantial portion supplied by the selective uptake of lipoprotein-derived cholesteryl esters. Adrenals express a high level of neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity, and recently hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was shown to be responsible for most adrenal neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity. To determine the functional importance of HSL in adrenal steroidogenesis, adrenal cells were isolated from control and HSL-/- mice, and the in vitro production of corticosterone was quantified. Results show that, even though adrenal cholesteryl ester content was substantially elevated in both male and female HSL-/- mice, basal corticosterone production was reduced approximately 50%. The maximum corticosterone production induced by dibutyryl cAMP, and lipoproteins was approximately 75-85% lower in adrenal cells from HSL-/- mice compared with control. There is no intrinsic defect in the conversion of cholesterol into steroids in HSL-/- mice. Dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated conversion of high-density lipoprotein cholesteryl esters into corticosterone was reduced 97% in HSL-/- mice. An increase in low-density lipoprotein receptor expression appears to be one of the compensatory mechanisms for cholesterol delivery in HSL-/- mice. These findings suggest that HSL is functionally linked to the selective pathway and is critically involved in the intracellular processing and availability of cholesterol for adrenal steroidogenesis.
The Predictive Power of Baseline Hemoglobin for Transfusion Risk in Surgery Patients (1999)

Preoperative hemoglobin concentration may be an important predictor of transfusion risk in surgical procedures with significant expected blood loss. Contemporary studies investigating transfusion risk with regard to the relationship between perioperative administration of Epoetin alfa and baseline hemoglobin provide data to test this hypothesis. The predictive power of seven preoperative variables (hemoglobin concentration, age, erythropoietin level, ferritin concentration, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, and predicted blood volume) on transfusion risk was examined via retrospective logistic regression analysis of 276 orthopedic surgical patients. In the two studies used to perform the regression analysis, patients were treated daily with either Epoetin alfa or placebo. Based on the retrospective analyses, a prospective study was conducted to validate the hypothesis. Of the seven variables evaluated, baseline hemoglobin concentration and predicted blood volume were significantly predictive of transfusion risk in both Epoetin alfa- and placebo-treated patients. Further, an inverse correlation between hemoglobin concentration and transfusion risk was demonstrated in placebo-treated patients. Placebo-treated patients with hemoglobin > 10 to < or = 13 g/dL had an approximately twofold greater risk of transfusion than patients with hemoglobin > 13 g/dL. In contrast to placebo treatment, Epoetin alfa significantly reduced transfusion risk in patients with hemoglobin > 10 to < or = 13 g/dL. Baseline hemoglobin concentration is an excellent predictor of transfusion risk in orthopedic surgical patients. As a result, hemoglobin testing should be considered a part of routine preoperative testing for orthopedic surgical patients.
Efficient bitmap-based implementation of sequential framework for motion planning for manipulators with many degrees of freedom (2002)

Our sequential approach is a framework for developing practical motion planners for manipulators with many degrees-of-freedom (DOFs). The essence of this approach is to exploit the serial structure of manipulator arms and decompose the m-dimensional problem of planning collision-free motions for an n-link manipulator into a sequence of smaller m-dimensional subproblems, each of which corresponds to planning the motion of a subgroup of m-1 links along a given path. In this paper, we present an efficient bitmap-based implementation of the sequential framework. This bitmap-based implementation is more efficient and robust than a previously reported visibility graph-based implementation; and it utilizes a novel and more efficient backtracking mechanism. Our implementations are in C running on a SUN Sparc 10. We have conducted extensive experiments for planar arms with up to 8 degrees of freedom among randomly placed obstacles. The experiments show that the bitmap-based implementation of the sequential framework with the novel backtracking mechanism is very efficient. The average run time for a six degree of freedom manipulator in quite cluttered environments are around seven minutes. The planner succeeds for 100% of the examples in our simulations with small backtracking levels (2 for 4 DOF arm, 3 for 6 and 8 DOF arms).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Amino and Carboxyl Termini of Perilipin A Facilitate the Storage of Triacylglycerols (2004)

Perilipin A is the most abundant lipid droplet-associated protein in adipocytes and serves important functions in regulating triacylglycerol levels by reducing rates of basal lipolysis and facilitating hormonally stimulated lipolysis. We have previously shown that the central region of perilipin A targets and anchors it to lipid droplets, at least in part via three moderately hydrophobic sequences that embed the protein into the hydrophobic core of the droplet. The current study examines the roles of the amino and carboxyl termini of perilipin A in facilitating triacylglycerol storage. Amino- and carboxyl-terminal truncation mutations of mouse perilipin A were stably expressed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which lack perilipins. Triacylglycerol content of the cells was quantified as a measure of perilipin function and was compared with that of cells expressing full-length perilipin A or control cells lacking perilipins. The amino-terminal sequence between amino acids 122 and 222, including four 10-11-amino acid sequences predicted to form amphipathic beta-strands and a consensus site for cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and the carboxyl terminus of 112 amino acids that is unique to perilipin A were critical to facilitate triacylglycerol storage. The precocious expression of full-length perilipin A in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes aided more rapid storage of triacylglycerol during adipose differentiation. By contrast, the expression of highly truncated amino- or carboxyl-terminal mutations of perilipin failed to serve a dominant negative function in lowering triacylglycerol storage during adipose differentiation. We conclude that the amino and carboxyl termini are critical to the function of perilipin A in facilitating triacylglycerol storage.
The effect of molecular weight and β‐1,6‐linkages on priming of macrophage function in mice by (1,3)‐β‐<scp>d</scp>‐glucan (1999)

1,3-beta-D-glucans (glucans) are structural elements in the cell walls of yeast and fungi with immunomodulatory properties, mediated through their ability to activate macrophages. This study assessed the activation of cells of the peritoneal cavity between 3 and 90 days after i.p. injection of particulate yeast glucan differing in molecular weight (MW) and degree of (1,6)-linkages. Female QS mice, 7-9 weeks of age, were injected, i.p., with varying doses of low (< 5 x 10(5)), medium (1-2 x 10(6)) or high (> 3 x 10(6)) MW glucans, all with low (< 5%) beta-(1,6)-linkages, or high MW (> 3 x 10(6)) glucan with high 1,6-linkages (> 20%). All glucans induced a transient increase in the proportion of neutrophils and eosinophils and a reduction in mast cell numbers in the peritoneal cavity. Peritoneal macrophages showed an altered morphology, increased intracellular acid phosphatase, increased LPS-stimulated NO production and increased PMA-stimulated superoxide production. There were no significant changes in serum lysozyme levels. Most macrophage activities returned to control levels by 28 days post injection of 1, 3-beta-D-glucan. There was a trend for higher MW or (1,6)-linked, (1, 3)-beta-D-glucans to be more stimulatory. It was concluded that particulate yeast (1,3)-beta-D-glucan is an effective stimulator of immune function, the efficiency of which may be influenced by the MW and degree of (1,6)-linkages.