gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Maintenance Factor in Facilities Management (1994)

Looks at the maintenance engineer′s considerations of the needs of occupants with regard to environmental conditions and requirements. Also discusses the safety and prevention of diseases such as Legionnaire′s disease are, plus electrical and mechanical safety requirements.
Nonresidual layer imprinting and new replication capabilities demonstrated for fast thermal curable polydimethysiloxanes (2007)

Additional capabilities of a thermal curable polydimethylsiloxane based nanoimprinting resist that allows a fast replication (a few seconds) of 70 nm line width structures at low temperatures and low pressures (20 psi) are reported here. Challenging features such as nanopillars and high aspect ratio structures were accurately replicated. Moreover, a composite stamp was fabricated and successfully used to replicate structures from a DVD master. Additionally, it was found that a substrate with surface treatment by fluorinated silane is appropriate to imprint nanogratings with no residual layer. The residual layer can be eliminated on both a hard and a flexible substrate. The stamping of structures without residual layers can be used to create size controlled polymer nanofibers.
Conductance of ion-implanted buried-channel MOS transistors (1976)

The transfer characteristics of ion-implanted p-channel MOS transistors for small drain-source voltages are measured and compared with a theory based on the in-depth carrier, space charge, and potential profiles, as well as the mobility distribution. MOS transistors with p-n-junctions under the gate area due to ion implantation are characterized by a channel buried in the semiconductor at a depth of 0... 0,2 µm. One result is the classification of implanted transistors into three distinct groups characterized by their buried potential maximum <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">|\phi_{\max}| \geq 2 \phi_{F}</tex> and surface band bending <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">|\phi_{max}-\phi_{s}| \geq\leq 2\phi_{F}</tex> at threshold. An extended definition of threshold voltage V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TO</inf> is presented. In the conductance characteristic, V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TO</inf> results from an extrapolation to the subthreshold current. This current is nonzero in heavily implanted transistors and is described well by the theory. In the active region, a buried-channel thickness of 0.1 µm is obtained, which extends over the transition from bulk to surface mobility. Models for the mobility distribution including impurity and surface scattering were used to calculate the active-region conductance. The mobility in buried channels and the related transconductance is governed by scattering at the implanted impurity profile. Beyond a characteristic gate voltage, surface channels are obtained, where the mobility is dominated by surface scattering. A good match of the measured conductance characteristics is obtained both in their characteristic nonlinearities and their dependence on an applied substrate bias.
Lewis Acid Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of Aryl/Heteroaryl‐Fused Carbazoles Involving a Cascade Friedel–Crafts Alkylation/Electrocyclization/Aromatization Reaction Sequence (2010)

Abstract A Lewis‐acid‐mediated domino reaction of 2/3‐(bromomethyl)indoles with arenes/heteroarenes led to the formation of the corresponding annulated carbazoles. This three‐step one‐pot transformation proceeds by sequential Lewis acid catalysed Friedel–Crafts alkylation, electrocyclization and aromatization reactions. The strategy is highly efficient for the assembly of complex aryl/heteroaryl‐fused carbazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridazines. Part 46. Preparation of Azolopyridazinecarboxylic Acids. (1990)

Abstract The title acids resp. their esters such as (III), (VI) or (VIII) are prepared either by oxidation of the corresponding methyl‐substituted azolopyridazines such as (I) or by a regioselective radical substitution process.
Evaluation of Load Balance Algorithms (2011)

The Information technology Infrastructure plays an important role in the success of business applications. However, these applications suffer from performance and availability. In this vain, resource utilization is out of balance. Load balancing is very important approach to minimize the execution time because it has many processes units that are running in the same time. It is important to decompose the tasks among processors to achieve load balance. We distinguish two approaches to solve load balance: static and dynamic. Each approach has many algorithms which are not yet evaluated to understand the advancements as well as weaknesses over each other. The main purpose of this paper is to help in design of new algorithms in future by studying the behavior of various existing algorithms. We are going to evaluate these algorithms based on new parameters such as process migration, overhead, scalability and availability.
Genetic variation in dopaminergic pathways and short-term effectiveness of the nicotine patch (2004)

Polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2 C/T and DRD2 A/G) and in dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH A/G) have been implicated in modulation of smoking and other reward-seeking behaviours. We hypothesized that these alleles would predict the outcome of nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation. In 1991-93, we performed a randomized controlled trial of the nicotine patch on 1686 heavy smokers (> or = 15 cigarettes/day). In 1999-2000, we contacted 1532 of the 1612 subjects still available; 767 (50%) completed a questionnaire and gave a blood sample. In the 755 cases in which DNA was successfully genotyped, we examined associations between the polymorphisms in DRD2 and DBH, and smoking cessation. At 1 week, the patch was more effective for smokers with DRD2 CT/TT genotype [patch/placebo odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-4.6] than with CC (OR 1.4, 0.9-2.1; P for difference in ORs 0.04). Smokers with both DRD2 CT/TT and DBH GA/AA genotypes had an OR of 3.6 (2.0-6.5) compared to 1.4 (1.0-2.1) for others (P = 0.01). At 12 weeks, the ORs for these genotypic groups were 3.6 (1.7-7.8) and 1.4 (0.9-2.3), respectively (P = 0.04). There was no association between patch effectiveness and DRD2 exon 8. Short-term effectiveness of the nicotine patch may be related to dopamine beta-hydroxylase and dopamine D2 receptor genotype. Our results support the need for further investigation into personalized therapies for smoking cessation based on individual genotype.
Pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of Alpinia speciosa (1991)

Alpinia speciosa Schum or A. nutans is a plant of the Zingiberaceae family, known popularly as "colony" (colônia) and used as a diuretic and to control hypertension. We have determined the concentration of Na+ and K+ found in the alcoholic extract and in the tea concoction. They contained 51.0 mEq Na+, and 132 mEq K+ in the extract, and 0.0 mEq of Na+ and 26 mEq K+ in the tea. Phytochemical analysis of the leaves demonstrated the presence of catecquic tanins, phenols and alkaloids, and also some essential oils. When injected intra-peritoneally the hydroalcoholic extract, in a dose range of 100 to 1400 mg/kg, (or 2500-18000 mg/kg orally) produced in mice: writhing, psychomotor excitation, hypokinesis and pruritus. The LD50 by ip was 0.760 +/- 0.126 g/kg and 10.0 +/- 2.5 g/kg by oral administration for the hydroalcoholic extract. Subacute toxicity made by injecting daily for 30 days the LD10 in rats caused an increase in transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase, whereas other parameters such as blood glucose, urea and creatinine were normal. A histopathological analysis of liver, spleen, gut, lung and heart showed no alterations. The drug also produced a prolongation of the sleeping time. The hydroalcoholic extract induced in the rat and in the dog a dose-dependent fall in blood pressure in doses of 10 to 30 mg/kg. In isolated atria the extract induced a reduction of the frequency and in the inotropic responses. Neither the extract nor the tea had an effect on the diuresis of the rat.
A 1.4-kJ solid-state power oscillator with good beam quality (1995)

By using three 6-disk amplifiers of 10 cm clear aperture from the Nova laser as the active element in an unstable resonator of magnification M=3, we achieved a single shot output of 1.4 kJ in a beam which contains 90% of its energy within twice the theoretical beam divergence. We show that most of the beam quality degradation comes from about one wave of beam tilt during the pulse and that the tilt corrected beam quality corresponds to a Strehl ratio of /spl ap/0.6.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heat Wave Vulnerability Mapping for India (2017)

Assessing geographic variability in heat wave vulnerability forms the basis for planning appropriate targeted adaptation strategies. Given several recent deadly heatwaves in India, heat is increasingly being recognized as a public health problem. However, to date there has not been a country-wide assessment of heat vulnerability in India. We evaluated demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental vulnerability factors and combined district level data from several sources including the most recent census, health reports, and satellite remote sensing data. We then applied principal component analysis (PCA) on 17 normalized variables for each of the 640 districts to create a composite Heat Vulnerability Index (HVI) for India. Of the total 640 districts, our analysis identified 10 and 97 districts in the very high and high risk categories (> 2SD and 2-1SD HVI) respectively. Mapping showed that the districts with higher heat vulnerability are located in the central parts of the country. On examination, these are less urbanized and have low rates of literacy, access to water and sanitation, and presence of household amenities. Therefore, we concluded that creating and mapping a heat vulnerability index is a useful first step in protecting the public from the health burden of heat. Future work should incorporate heat exposure and health outcome data to validate the index, as well as examine sub-district levels of vulnerability.
Implementation of Vertical Handoff Algorithm between IEEE802.11 WLAN and CDMA Cellular Network (2022)

Today's wireless users expect great things from tomorrow?s wireless networks. These expectations have been fueled by hype about what the next generations of wireless networks will offer. The rapid increase of wireless subscribers increases the quality of services anytime, anywhere, and by any-media becoming indispensable. Integration of various networks such as CDMA2000 and wireless LAN into IP-based networks is required in these kinds of services, which further requires a seamless vertical handoff to 4th generation wireless networks. The proposed handoff algorithm between WLAN and CDMA2000 cellular network is implemented. The results of the simulation shows the behavior of the handoff and the time spent in WLAN or CDMA. The number of weak signal beacons determines whether a handoff is required or not. In this algorithm, traffic is classified into real-time and non real-time services.
Mobile intelligent interruptions management (MIIM) (2010)

Mobile phones that currently cause interruptions by blindly allowing calls to ring at busy moments and inappropriate situations can be managed using context aware computing, ubiquitous computing, and the available sensors built into a modern handheld. This paper proposes the architecture of a system named Mobile Intelligent Interruptions Management (MIIM), created for the automated administration of personal unavailability with regard to cell phones. Here, we provide the description of the problem, desirable characteristics and architecture of such an interruption management system. The system is being simulated and the initial results show that MIIM's computational volumes are low enough for a mobile device. Platform support has been found in Google Android.
Identification of a Neuropeptide S Responsive Circuitry Shaping Amygdala Activity via the Endopiriform Nucleus (2008)

Neuropeptide S (NPS) and its receptor are thought to define a set of specific brain circuits involved in fear and anxiety. Here we provide evidence for a novel, NPS-responsive circuit that shapes neural activity in the mouse basolateral amygdala (BLA) via the endopiriform nucleus (EPN). Using slice preparations, we demonstrate that NPS directly activates an inward current in 20% of EPN neurons and evokes an increase of glutamatergic excitation in this nucleus. Excitation of the EPN is responsible for a modulation of BLA activity through NPS, characterized by a general increase of GABAergic inhibition and enhancement of spike activity in a subset of BLA projection neurons. Finally, local injection of NPS to the EPN interferes with the expression of contextual, but not auditory cued fear memory. Together, these data suggest the existence of a specific NPS-responsive circuitry between EPN and BLA, likely involved in contextual aspects of fear memory.
Reliability of CVD Cu buried interconnections (2002)

CVD Cu, which is both highly conductive and reliable, has been investigated as an interconnection material. Cu/sup 1+/ (hfac)(tmvs) is the precursor used in this work. Excellent conformality, which is required for reliable high aspect ratio buried interconnection, has been observed and quantified by simulations. Cu diffusion through TiW as thin as 25 nm has been investigated using large area diodes. Drift of Cu through various dielectrics has been observed, demonstrating the necessity of diffusion barriers. Electromigration studies indicate that Cu interconnections are more reliable than Al alloys.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MEKK1 is essential for cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction induced by Gq (2002)

Signaling via mitogen-activated protein kinases is implicated in heart failure induced by agonists for G protein-coupled receptors that act via the G protein Galphaq. However, this assertion relies heavily on pharmacological inhibitors and dominant-interfering proteins and not on gene deletion. Here, we show that endogenous cardiac MAPK/ERK kinase kinase-1 (MEKK1)/(MAP3K1), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, is activated by heart-restricted overexpression of Galphaq in mice. In cardiac myocytes derived from embryonic stem cells in culture, homozygous disruption of MEKK1 selectively impaired c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity in the absence or presence of phenlyephrine, a Galphaq-dependent agonist. Other terminal mitogen-activated protein kinases were unaffected. In mice, the absence of MEKK1 abolished the increase in cardiac mass, myocyte size, hypertrophy-associated atrial natriuretic factor induction, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by Galphaq, and improved ventricular mechanical function. Thus, MEKK1 mediates cardiac hypertrophy induced by Galphaq in vivo and is a logical target for drug development in heart disease involving this pathway.
The Standard European Vector Architecture (SEVA): a coherent platform for the analysis and deployment of complex prokaryotic phenotypes (2012)

The 'Standard European Vector Architecture' database (SEVA-DB, http://seva.cnb.csic.es) was conceived as a user-friendly, web-based resource and a material clone repository to assist in the choice of optimal plasmid vectors for de-constructing and re-constructing complex prokaryotic phenotypes. The SEVA-DB adopts simple design concepts that facilitate the swapping of functional modules and the extension of genome engineering options to microorganisms beyond typical laboratory strains. Under the SEVA standard, every DNA portion of the plasmid vectors is minimized, edited for flaws in their sequence and/or functionality, and endowed with physical connectivity through three inter-segment insulators that are flanked by fixed, rare restriction sites. Such a scaffold enables the exchangeability of multiple origins of replication and diverse antibiotic selection markers to shape a frame for their further combination with a large variety of cargo modules that can be used for varied end-applications. The core collection of constructs that are available at the SEVA-DB has been produced as a starting point for the further expansion of the formatted vector platform. We argue that adoption of the SEVA format can become a shortcut to fill the phenomenal gap between the existing power of DNA synthesis and the actual engineering of predictable and efficacious bacteria.
Improved frequency reuse schemes with horizontal sector offset for LTE (2013)

Macrocellular networks with frequency reuse across sectors of the same eNodeB and neighbouring eNodeBs suffer from high interference at the cell boundaries, resulting in an uneven distribution of User Equipment (UE) throughputs. Recently, it has been shown that for two-carrier HSDPA networks a horizontal sector offset configuration for the second carrier can significantly enhance network performance at the cost of an increased number of handovers. In this paper, this sector offset configuration is extended to LTE through a novel approach, which allows deploying offset antennas in eNodeBs without significantly increasing the number of handovers. The proposed sector offset configuration is compatible with current channel dependent schedulers, and provides significant gains. Simulation results show that for LTE the proposed sector offset configuration can increase the average UE throughput and 5%-tile UE throughput by up to 22% and 32%, respectively, while slightly increasing the number of handovers compared to the traditional eNodeB configuration. Moreover, results show that the new configuration can significantly reduce the handover failure rate by up to 69%.
Movilidad en el medio construido (2011)

Una mirada desde la cognicin espacialMobility in the built environment.A view from spatial cognition La mobilit dans le milieu construit.La perspective de la cognition spatiale Mobilidade no ambiente construdo.Uma viso desde a cognio espacial
Oesophagostomy: a rare and complex clinical challenge—the vital role of the stoma care nurse specialist (2011)

An oesophagostomy is a rare stoma not commonly encountered by clinical nurse specialists. When a patient presented with a spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus (Boerhaave's syndrome) the stoma care team are presented with many challenges including finding a suitable appliance to contain the amount of saliva produced; teaching the patient to be independent with his stoma care and assisting the patient to cope with the changes to his body image. In this article, Sally Power and Sharon Stopher identify why oesophagostomies are undertaken and how the stoma care nurse must work in partnership with the patient and other members of the multidisciplinary team, to manage this type of stoma in a way that enhances the patients quality of life.
PERK Integrates Autophagy and Oxidative Stress Responses To Promote Survival during Extracellular Matrix Detachment (2011)

Mammary epithelial cells (MECs) detached from the extracellular matrix (ECM) produce deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce autophagy to survive. The coordination of such opposing responses likely dictates whether epithelial cells survive ECM detachment or undergo anoikis. Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum kinase PERK facilitates survival of ECM-detached cells by concomitantly promoting autophagy, ATP production, and an antioxidant response. Loss-of-function studies show that ECM detachment activates a canonical PERK-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)-ATF4-CHOP pathway that coordinately induces the autophagy regulators ATG6 and ATG8, sustains ATP levels, and reduces ROS levels to delay anoikis. Inducible activation of an Fv2E-ΔNPERK chimera by persistent activation of autophagy and reduction of ROS results in lumen-filled mammary epithelial acini. Finally, luminal P-PERK and LC3 levels are reduced in PERK-deficient mammary glands, whereas they are increased in human breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) versus normal breast tissues. We propose that the normal proautophagic and antioxidant PERK functions may be hijacked to promote the survival of ECM-detached tumor cells in DCIS lesions.
Quantifying Nanoparticle Adhesion Mediated by Specific Molecular Interactions (2008)

Receptor-mediated targeting of nanometric contrast agents or drug carriers holds great potential for treating cardiovascular and vascular-associated diseases. However, predicting the ability of these vectors to adhere to diseased cells under dynamic conditions is complex due to the interplay of transport, hydrodynamic force, and multivalent bond formation dynamics. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of adhesion molecule density and flow rate on adhesion of 210 nm particles, with the goal of identifying criteria to optimize binding efficiency and selectivity. Our system employed a physiologically relevant ligand, the vascular adhesion molecule ICAM-1, and an ICAM-1 specific antibody tethered to the nanoparticle using avidin-biotin chemistry. We measured binding and dissociation of these particles in a flow chamber as a function of antibody density, ligand density, and flow rate, and using a transport-reaction model we distilled overall kinetic rate constants for adhesion and detachment from the binding data. We demonstrate that both attachment and detachment of 210 nm particles can be correlated with receptor and ligand valency and are minimally affected by shear rate. Furthermore, we uncovered a time-dependent mechanism governing particle detachment, in which the rate of detachment decreases with contact time according to a power law. Finally, we use our results to illustrate how to engineer adhesion selectivity for specific molecular targeting applications. These results establish basic principles dictating nanoparticle adhesion and dissociation and can be used as a framework for the rational design of targeted nanoparticle therapeutics that possess optimum adhesive characteristics.
Time-of-arrival estimation for blind beamforming (2013)

Ad-hoc arrays formed by mobile devices are increasingly available to capture audio and video in social events. Using spatial signal processing algorithms, e.g., beamforming, with microphone signals of such arrays is hindered by the unknown locations of the devices and the lack of temporal synchronization between them. While self-calibration methods can be applied to estimate these missing parameters, they typically impose restrictions and require time to converge. Time difference of arrival (TDOA) values contain source related spatial information, and they have been previously used in source localization and tracking. In this work, relative time-of-arrival (TOA) is proposed to be used for estimating source spatial information. The method is then applied for beamforming using ad-hoc arrays. Simulations and measurements with smartphones are used to test the accuracy of different proposed TOA estimators. Then, speech captured by a smartphone array is beamformed using the TOA estimators. Results show that Kalman filter based TOA steering achieves similar enhancement performance as using the ground truth TOA.
Tephra Stratigraphy of Toki Sand and Gravel Formation on the Nenoue Highland (2013)

土岐砂礫層は，テフラが堆積後著しく風化され，二次的に拡散しているため，明確な層序対比が行われていない．しかし近年，風化により対比が困難なテフラの対比に，残存する斜長石や石英中のガラス包有物の主成分化学組成が用いられるようになった．本研究では，断層活動により切り離されて隆起した根ノ上高原の土岐砂礫層について，風化残存する長石類および石英のガラス包有物の主成分化学組成から，広域テフラとの対比を試みた．土岐砂礫層は礫層を主体とし，最下部礫部層最上部および中部砂泥部層にガラス包有物を伴う石英および斜長石を含む細粒土層が挟まれる．礫層中には全くガラス包有物を含む斑晶は含まれない．中部砂泥部層の細粒土層の石英に含まれるガラス包有物は，広域テフラの火山ガラスおよび石英中のガラス包有物と主成分化学組成で比較したところ，東海層群の南谷Iテフラや掛川層群の有ヶ谷Iテフラのものとその特徴が一致し，対比できることが判明した．