gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BOB.1, CD79a and cyclin E are the most appropriate markers to discriminate classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma from primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma (2009)

The use of at least three of the most accurate immunohistochemical markers, cyclin E, CD79a and BOB.1, may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of cHL and PMBCL.
Temperature-Responsive Chromatography (1997)

We developed a new method for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using packing materials modified with a temperature responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). A homogeneous PNIPAAm polymer and its copolymer with butyl methacrylate (BMA) were synthesized and grafted to aminopropyl silica by activated ester-amine coupling and they were used as packing materials. These grafted silica surfaces show hydrophilic properties at lower temperatures and, as temperature increases, transform to hydrophobic surface properties. These features are due to rapid changes in the polymer conformation that is attributed to the mobility of grafted polymers. Using the column packed with PIPAAm-modified silica, separation of steroids was carried out by changing temperature. With increasing temperature, the interaction between solutes and PNIPAAm-grafted surfaces of the stationary phases increased. The temperature-dependent resolution of steroids was achieved using only water as a mobile phase. The separation selectivity and retention are controlled by a small change in column temperatures without any change in the eluent. The separation of the mixture of three peptides, insulin chains A and B and a β-endorphin fragment 1-27, was achieved by changing column temperature with a NaCl aqueous solution as a sole eluent. A gradient elution-like effect in HPLC is demonstrated with a single mobile phase by controlling external temperature. The retention times of peptides and proteins were controlled both by column temperatures and by NaCl concentration in the aqueous mobile phases in this chromatographic system.
Protocol for Routing Entanglement in the Quantum Ring Network (2018)

The mechanism of transferring and routing information in quantum and classical network are basically different. The basic idea and working principle of quantum networks is based on a unique feature of quantum mechanics known as entanglement. Since entanglement generation rate is a key factor for quantum networks it can be considered as a route metric. In this paper, we propose two different protocols for local entanglement routing in a quantum ring network. In the first protocol, local link entanglement rate is considered as a route metric. However, the routing decision in the second protocol is made based on finding the shortest path between source and destination. It is shown that though local link entanglement rate is decisive criterion for routing in the first algorithm, the second algorithm can reach higher end-to-end entanglement rate.
Miscible binary blends containing the polyhydroxy ether of bisphenol‐a and various aliphatic polyesters (1982)

Abstract Blends of the polyhydroxy ether of bisphenol‐A, Phenoxy, with the polyesters poly(1,4‐butylene adipate), poly(ethylene adipate), poly(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propylene succinate), poly(2,2‐dimethyl‐1, 3‐propylene adipate), poly(1,4‐cyclohexane‐dimethanol succinate), and poly(ϵ‐caprolactone), are found to exhibit the single, composition‐dependent glass transition temperatures characteristic of miscible systems. Phenoxy blends containing poly(ethylene succinate), poly(hexamethylene succinate), or poly(pivaloactone) were found to be immiscible. Blend interaction parameters, obtained from analysis of the melting‐point depressions observed for miscible blends containing crystallizable polyester components, are found to vary with polyester chemical structure so as to suggest an optimum density of ester groups in the polyester chain for achieving maximum interaction with Phenoxy. Too many or too few ester groups lead to immiscible polyester–Phenoxy blends.
Adsorption and Activation of CO over Flat and Stepped Co Surfaces:  A First Principles Analysis (2006)

The adsorption and activation of CO over flat Co{0001}, corrugated Co{1120}, and stepped Co{1012} and Co{1124} surfaces have been analyzed using periodic density functional theory calculations. CO strongly chemisorbs on all these surfaces but does not show a strong dependence on the surface structure. The calculated structure of adsorbed CO on Co{0001} at 1/3 monolayer (ML) of coverage was found to be in good agreement with the experiment. The barrier for CO dissociation over Co{0001} was found to decrease with decreasing CO coverage, taking on a value of 232 kJ/mol at 1/4 ML and 218 kJ/mol at 1/9 ML. The presence of the "zigzag" channel on Co{1120} enhances the reactivity slightly by reducing the barrier for CO dissociation to 195 kJ/mol. In contrast, the stepped Co{1012} and Co{1124} surfaces are much more active than the flat and corrugated surfaces. Both stepped surfaces provide direct channels for CO dissociation that do not have barriers with respect to gas-phase CO. In general the activation barriers lower as the reaction energies become more exothermic. Reconstruction of the step edges that occur in the product state, however, prevents a linear correlation between the reaction energy and the activation energy.
Binary versus symbolic performance prediction methods for iterative MMSE-IC multiuser MIMO joint decoding (2009)

This paper presents a dual mode fast performance prediction method for iterative minimum-mean square error interference cancellation based joint decoding in a very general multiuser MIMO setting, considering a transmission over block-fading frequency-selective channels. The symbolic mode relies on a signal to interference-plus-noise ratio compression at symbol level, by means of the mutual information effective signal-to-noise metric (MIESM), bridging the gap between the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts and the compression methods developed for link-to-system interface. The binary mode follows the classical EXIT chart approach relying on a new analytical formula of the bit interleaved coded modulation average mutual information in presence of non-uniform a priori on input bits. This paper demonstrates the superiority of the symbolic mode for high order modulation.
A Suite of Petri net based Tools for Monitoring and Debugging Distributed Autonomous Systems (2012)

This paper describes the use of Petri nets in a suit of tools to design, analyze, monitor, log and debug the run-time coordination of distributed control systems. The interaction between the distributed components is modeled using Petri nets. Before running the application, different Petri net analysis tools can be used to analyze the system. While running, interactions between the different components of the distributed system can be easily monitored watching the evolution of the different Petri nets. Besides monitoring, the system can be instrumented to log state changes with different levels of detail. Finally, graphical tools can be used for visualizing the evolution of the system step by step or at the same running pace. These tools allow also go to a specific point of the execution and visualize the state of the global system.
The use of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic endpoints to determine dose of AQ4N given with radiotherapy (RT) (2005)

2062 Background: AQ4N is activated in hypoxic cells to AQ4, a topoisomerase II inhibitor with radiosensitizing properties. This phase 1 study evaluated AQ4N and RT in patients (pts) with advanced esophageal cancer. Methods: 22 pts (14 adenocarcinoma, 8 squamous carcinoma) suitable for palliative RT were studied (ages 55–88 years, M 16, F 6). AQ4N was given as a 30min iv infusion on days 1 and 14, with RT starting 6 hours after the second dose (20Gy in 5 daily fractions). The AQ4N dose was escalated from 22.5 to 447 mg /m2 in sequential pt cohorts. In 3 pts (all receiving 447mg/m2), biopsies of tumour and normal esophageal tissue were taken 24 - 48 hours after the first dose and tissue concentrations of AQ4N and AQ4 measured using a sensitive LC/MS/MS technique. Results: AQ4N was well tolerated, although pts developed transient generalised blue skin and urine discolouration. There were no drug related deaths. 1 pt was not evaluable. There were 16 episodes in 10 pts of grade 3 or 4 toxicity (probably drug related): lymphopenia (n=9), hyponatremia (n=3), fatigue (n=3) and hyperuricemia (n=1). None was clinically significant. PK studies showed a predictable dose related increase in AUC to a mean of 271+/- 127ug h ml−1 at 447mg/m2. This AUC is in excess of those seen in mice at therapeutic doses. A mean clearance of 2.54 l h m−2 (range 1.59 - 5.2) and a t 1/2 of 4.3h (range 2.1 -10.6) were calculated. 57+/-23.8% of dose was excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hrs. Calculated concentrations (ng ml−1) of AQ4 in tumour and normal tissue were 1744 and 295, 316 and <101, 585 and 265 respectively for three individual patients. In each case tumour tissue concentrations were greater than those in normal tissue with a mean ratio of >3.7 fold. Tumour concentrations of the active AQ4 are well above the IC50 values needed in vitro. Conclusion: AQ4N is well tolerated without serious toxicity. The DLT and MTD were not reached in this study, but a dose for future development was chosen before toxicity occurred using PK targeting and from a demonstration of the preferential conversion to AQ4 in tumour tissue. No excess normal tissue radiation related morbidity was observed. (Supported by BTG International, UK) Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Kudos, Novacea
Chemisorption of Hydrogen Molecules on Carbon Nanotubes under High Pressure (2001)

Based on first principles calculations, we propose a mechanism for the dissociative chemisorption of H2 on carbon nanotubes. The breaking of the H--H bond is concerted with the formation of two C--H bonds on two adjacent carbon nanotubes in solid phase, facilitated by the application of high pressure which shortens the interstitial distance between nanotubes. The process is reversible upon the release of external pressure and could make an important contribution to the observed hydrogen storage capacity of carbon nanotubes. The previously unexplained experimental observations of the direct hydrogenation of fullerenes under high pressure lend further support for such a mechanism.
Photovoltaic power conversion circuit using a symmetric boost converter for low-voltage distribution systems (2014)

This paper proposes a new high-efficiency and low-cost dc-to-ac power conversion circuit for installation on a low-voltage distribution system in which the s-phase terminal is grounded. The circuit consists of two half-bridge PWM inverters and a symmetric boost converter. The symmetric boost converter uses four IGBTs as the switching devices, and can independently boost the dc-link voltage up and control its positive and negative terminal potential against the ground level. As a result, two of the four phase legs need to be operated in PWM operation for controlling the output grid current, and the other devices can be kept at on- or off-state. This makes it possible to reduce the switching power loss significantly. Experimental results obtained by the proposed circuit using low-cost IGBTs demonstrates 2% improvement in power conversion efficiency compared with a conventional circuit.
A control engineer's look at ATM congestion avoidance (2002)

Algorithms for controlling congestion are critical for the success of ATM networks. The various sample algorithms appearing in the literature have in common significant non-linearities that make these algorithms difficult to analyze using the tools of classical control theory. This paper reports on the beginnings of a research program that considers the ATM congestion control problem from the point of view of control theorist. A control scheme is developed that can be designed and analyzed using well established linear control theory. There is promise that as this approach is further developed it offers hope that analysis can assure reasonable behavior in the large scale system setting of ATM networks.
Smart Home Personal Assistants (2020)

Smart Home Personal Assistants (SPA) are an emerging innovation that is changing the means by which home users interact with technology. However, several elements expose these systems to various risks: (i) the open nature of the voice channel they use, (ii) the complexity of their architecture, (iii) the AI features they rely on, and (iv) their use of a wide range of underlying technologies. This article presents an in-depth review of SPA’s security and privacy issues, categorizing the most important attack vectors and their countermeasures. Based on this, we discuss open research challenges that can help steer the community to tackle and address current security and privacy issues in SPA. One of our key findings is that even though the attack surface of SPA is conspicuously broad and there has been a significant amount of recent research efforts in this area, research has so far focused on a small part of the attack surface, particularly on issues related to the interaction between the user and the SPA devices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article to conduct such a comprehensive review and characterization of the security and privacy issues and countermeasures of SPA.
It's that schwa again! Towards a typology of Salish schwa (2011)

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to provide a brief review and comparison of the patterns of inserted schwa across multiple Salish languages; and second, to make the initial move towards applying Gestural Phonology to Salish languages. The intent is to begin to develop a typology of schwa in Salish. The first part of this paper reviews the literature on patterns of inserted schwa in ten Salish languages and the second part attempts to unite the observed patterns by proposing an analysis within the framework of Gestural Phonology. In this analysis, both epenthetic and excrescent schwas are proposed to come from an underlying gap between consonant gestures which results from a consonantal coordination constraint that is active in all Salish languages.
Simple Transient Holograms in Ruby (1971)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. O. Hill, "Simple Transient Holograms in Ruby," Appl. Opt. 10, 1695-1697 (1971) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophene-Fused Boron and Silicon Ladder Acenes (2013)

Synthetic routes to three new heteroacene compounds in which two benzo[b]thienyl units are bridged by dimethylsilyl and/or mesitylboryl units are described. In the Si/Si and Si/B compounds 1-syn and 3-syn, respectively, the sulfur atoms of the flanking benzo[b]thiophenes are disposed in meta positions on the central six-membered heterocycle, while in the B/B compound 4-anti, they are para to each other; the reasons for this lie in the synthetic method employed to prepare 4-anti. All three compounds were crystallographically characterized and their photophysical properties examined. A comprehensive examination of their photophysical properties shows that they are weakly absorbing and fluorescing materials, with the diborin derivative 4-anti exhibiting the most red-shifted absorption maxima and largest fluorescence quantum yield.
Effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of rivaroxaban, an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor (2010)

Rivaroxaban clearance is decreased with increasing renal impairment, leading to increased plasma exposure and pharmacodynamic effects, as expected for a partially renally excreted drug. However, the influence of renal function on rivaroxaban clearance was moderate, even in subjects with severe renal impairment.
A Similarity Search Method for Encrypted Cloud Document (2014)

The increasing popularity of cloud computing makes the data owner to outsource sensitive data in encrypted form onto the cloud. To tackle the problem of searching over encrypted cloud data, many keyword-based searchable encryption schemes have been proposed. However, there are few document-based search schemes in this field, which are also important in real applications. In this paper, we use the simhash algorithm to realizing similarity search over encrypted document with privacy-preserving. Through our method, data users can find similar encrypted documents stored in cloud by querying a document. In addition, a trie-based index is adopted in our solution to improve search efficiency.
Chemical Interesterification of Blends of Palm Stearin, Coconut Oil, and Canola Oil: Physicochemical Properties (2012)

trans-Free interesterified fat was produced for possible usage as a margarine. Palm stearin, coconut oil, and canola oil were used as substrates for chemical interesterification. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of blends of palm stearin, coconut oil, and canola oil submitted to chemical interesterification using sodium methoxide as the catalyst. The original and interesterified blends were examined for fatty acid composition, softening and melting points, solid fat content, and consistency. Chemical interesterification reduced softening and melting points, consistency, and solid fat content. The interesterified fats showed desirable physicochemical properties for possible use as a margarine. Therefore, our result suggested that the interesterified fat without trans-fatty acids could be used as an alternative to partially hydrogenated fat.
Citicoline induces angiogenesis improving survival of vascular/human brain microvessel endothelial cells through pathways involving ERK1/2 and insulin receptor substrate-1 (2012)

The findings demonstrate both a pro-angiogenic and protective effect of citicoline on hCMEC/D3 in vitro and following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo.
Measurement of the surface area of tridymite (1959)

Abstract The specific surface of tridymite samples in the size range 0.5‐40 μ has been determined by gas‐adsorption (with nitrogen and krypton as adsorbates), and by air permeability and microscopy. The results, together with those from X‐ray diffraction studies, suggest that tridymite in contrast to quartz has neither a fine external surface nor an ‘amorphous’ layer. Specific surface values determined by nitrogen adsorption and by krypton adsorption are in better agreement when the krypton atom is assigned a value of 19.5Å 2 rather than the calculated value. It is concluded that the dissolution of silica and of its easily soluble surface layer play a very insignificant role in silicosis. Unetched tridymite has greater fibrogenic activity than unetched quartz.
The effect of velocity uncertainty on migrated reflectors: Improvements from relative-depth imaging (2015)

ABSTRACT We have studied the problem of uncertainty quantification for migrated images. A traditional migrated image contains deterministic reconstructions of subsurface structures. However, input parameters used in migration, such as reflection data and a velocity model, are inherently uncertain. This uncertainty is carried through to the migrated images. We have used Bayesian analysis to quantify the uncertainty of the migrated structures by constructing a joint statistical distribution of the location of these structures. From this distribution, we could deduce the uncertainty in any quantity derived from these structures. We have developed the proposed framework using a simple model with velocity uncertainty in the overburden, and we estimated the absolute positions of the horizons and the relative depth of one horizon with respect to another. By quantifying the difference in the corresponding uncertainties, we found that, in this case, the relative depths of the structures could be estimated much better than their absolute depths. This analysis justifies redatuming below an uncertain overburden for the purposes of the uncertainty reduction.
On‐line on‐chip post‐column derivatisation reactions for pre‐ionisation of analytes and cluster analysis in gradient µ‐liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry (2002)

A system is presented that demonstrates the principle of on-line and on-chip post-column derivatisation reactions in micro-high-performance liquid chromatography (micro-HPLC) hyphenated to electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOFMS). In this micro-HPLC-chip-MS set-up, the analytes are separated using gradient micro-HPLC and subsequently derivatised on-chip and detected. One of the major limitations of MS detection is its dependency on the degree of ionisation, which is widely variable and compound-specific. Optimising and controlling the degree of ionisation in a simple manner would allow MS detection to be truly generic. One way of achieving this is by pre-ionisation of analytes using simple derivatisation procedures that are both rapid and quantitative. Performing this in situ on the system described here overcomes issues of sample handling and efficiency losses when time-consuming "bench chemistry" is necessary prior to analysis. The power of the system is demonstrated by the separation of primary and secondary amines, which are subsequently derivatised with a positively charged phosphonium complex and detected in an enhanced manner. Typically, molecular cations (M(+)) are detected showing that the ionisation process is dominated by the phosphonium species, leading to more constant ionisation for a variety of compounds. In addition, stable isotopically labelled ((12)C/(13)C)-phosphonium reagent is used for the reactions, allowing for inherent signal/noise (S/N) improvement and automated data processing using cluster analysis. A similar reaction scheme is used for the derivatisation of ketones and aldehydes, also demonstrating dramatic increases in sensitivity, especially with increasing temperature. Minimal loss in chromatographic fidelity in terms of retention times is observed by the introduction of the micromixer chip into the system. Optimal flow rates in micro-HPLC and ESI-MS are compatible with flow rates for the chip as well as a multitude of in-line optical detectors including UV and fluorescence. In addition, the micromixer chip can be positioned pre-column if preferred. The system is robust, easily fully automated and applicable to a wide variety of reactions. The system has a major advantage in its simple robust connection to the "normal scale" outside world.
Tityus serrulatus Scorpion Venom and Toxins: An Overview (2009)

Tityus serrulatus is considered the most dangerous scorpion in South America and responsible for most of the fatal cases. This review will focus on Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom (Tsv), its long-chain Na(+)-channel toxins (NaTx), which include alpha- and beta-neurotoxins, short-chain K(+)-channel toxins (KTx), hyaluronidase, proteases and other peptides hitherto identified.
How to vacuum deaerate injection water (1973)

Vacuum deaeration to remove oxygen from waterflood water may be an economical alternative to the more conventional gas stripping or chemical scavenging methods. Where chemical costs are high, in remote areas where chemical transportation is expensive, or where acceptable stripping gas is not available, vacuum deaeration can help waterflood operators arrest corrosion of bare steel pipe and prevent detrimental bacteria growth. The compression cost for recovery of low pressure stripping gas may also be of concern even when acceptable natural gas is available. Some guide lines are given for the design of single pressure, multiple pressure, and vacuum plus stripping gas systems. It is shown how to make equilibrium calculations. Of the mechanical vacuum pumps available, the liquid ring type is probably best suited to deaeration applications, due to its reliability and ability to accept free water carryover. A typical flow diagram of a system using a liquid ring type vacuum pump is illustrated.