gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overlay improvement through lot-based feed-forward: applications to various 28nm node lithography operations (2013)

We introduced a very simple overlay feed forward correction based on lot data issued from previous lithography operations. Simple method for correction factor optimization was also proposed. We applied this method in various cases based on 28nm node early production: implants lithography on 248nm tools, contact holes double patterning on 193nm immersion tool, and we also tried to improve contact holes patterning based on 248nm lithography data. All analysis were based on early production 28nm node data mixing 28LP and 28FDSOI technologies. We first optimized the correction based on our simple approach, and then compute the dispersion of all linear overlay parameters. Maximum modeled overlay error was also computed. In most cases we obtained significant improvements. The interest of such a very simple approach that requires reduced software development and allows simple implementation was thus demonstrated.
Alkyl 2-Methyldithiocarbazates in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Preparation of 2-Alkylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazolium Cations and 2-Thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives (1988)

Alkyl 3-acyl-2-methyldithiocarbazates 2, available from alkyl 2-methyldithiocarbazates and acyl chlorides, undergo ring closure by the action of perchloric acid/acetic anhydride to give 2-alkylthio 3-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolium salts 4. Compounds 2 also undergo base-catalyzed cyclization to give 4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 3, which react with trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate to give 3-methyl-2-methylthio-1,3, 4-oxadiazolium cations 5. 1-Aroyl-2-ethoxyoxalyl-1-phenylhydrazines 6 undergo cyclization by action of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid/acetic anhydride to yield 2-aryl-5-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolium salts 7.
LBIST/ATPG Technologies for On-Demand Digital Logic Testing in Automotive Circuits (2012)

With a large focus on test data size and fitting into tester's capabilities, sometimes the focus of field testing is pushed to the side. There is an emerging market in automotive design where greater emphasis is being placed on the need for field testing of the digital logic. Tried and true mechanical systems are being replaced by digitally controlled logic. This path is being pursued by automotive manufactures with an effort for higher fuel economy, lighter designs, and more integrated user experiences. These systems require high dependability throughout the life of the automobile. Defects caused by heat, environmental exposure and time can jeopardize critical digital system from performing as designed. Identifying these defects before critical failure is a paramount concern to automotive manufactures. A major automotive chip manufacturer and Cadence's Encounter Test's DFT and ATPG system have worked together to insert an efficient direct access LBIST into its automotive design requiring high reliability for the lifetime of the product. The LBIST provides a means to test the digital logic and provide a go/no-go signal to identify that the logic still performs as originally manufactured. Purchaser of these chips required a technology to provide 96%+ static coverage using on-chip testing that can be run at system power up or at any time. This poster presents a summary of how Cadence's Test technologies were used to meet customer needs and summarizes the overall test flow and experience.
Expression of exon 13 from the Ki-67 gene in human cells and tissues by digoxigenin-labelled mRNA in situ hybridization. (2001)

A sensitive and practical in situ hybridization method for the analysis of Ki-67 antigen mRNA in human cell and tissue was developed. Abnormal transcription of exon 13 of Ki-67 gene might be responsible for malignant cell proliferation in colon and pancreatic cancer.
Fabry-Pérot resonator: spectral line shapes, generic and related Airy distributions, linewidths, finesses, and performance at low or frequency-dependent reflectivity (2016)

We systematically characterize the Fabry-Pérot resonator. We derive the generic Airy distribution of a Fabry-Pérot resonator, which equals the internal resonance enhancement factor, and show that all related Airy distributions are obtained by simple scaling factors. We analyze the textbook approaches to the Fabry-Pérot resonator and point out various misconceptions. We verify that the sum of the mode profiles of all longitudinal modes is the fundamental physical function that characterizes the Fabry-Pérot resonator and generates the Airy distribution. Consequently, the resonator losses are quantified by the linewidths of the underlying Lorentzian lines and not by the measured Airy linewidth. Therefore, we introduce the Lorentzian finesse which provides the spectral resolution of the Lorentzian lines, whereas the usually considered Airy finesse only quantifies the performance of the Fabry-Pérot resonator as a scanning spectrometer. We also point out that the concepts of linewidth and finesse of the Airy distribution of a Fabry-Pérot resonator break down at low reflectivity. Furthermore, we show that a Fabry-Pérot resonator has no cut-off resonance wavelength. Finally, we investigate the influence of frequency-dependent mirror reflectivities, allowing for the direct calculation of its deformed mode profiles.
A novel low-power low-voltage Class D amplifier with feedback for improving THD, power efficiency and gain linearity (2002)

Class D amplifiers (amps) are conventionally designed as feedforward circuits primarily due to the difficulty of feeding back the digital pulse width modulated output. We analytically investigate the design of Class D amps with feedback and propose a feedback circuit design. We show that the performance of low-power (mWs) low-voltage (1.1-1.4 V) Class D amps embodying our feedback design is significantly improved. The improvements include substantially reduced distortion, improved power efficiency (reduced DC output static bias current), improved gain linearity and lower cost (not requiring post-fabrication trimming), and are achieved with simple hardware. We verify our circuit design proposal by computer simulations and on the basis of measurements on prototype ICs.
Characterization of PET partial volume corrections for variable myocardial wall thicknesses (2006)

Limited scanner resolution and cardiac motion contribute to partial volume (PV) averaging of positron emission tomography (PET) images. An extravascular (EV) density image, created from the subtraction of a blood pool (BP) from a transmission (TX) image can be used to estimate PV losses in the myocardium (MYO). A phantom emulating the left ventricle myocardium, with a variable wall thickness (5 mm to 25 mm), was used to characterize the method for use in 3-D PET /sup 18/FDG studies. At a myocardial thickness of 5 mm, 40% recovery of the activity was obtained. At myocardial thicknesses greater than 20 mm, full recovery was seen. Prior to EV image creation, the morphological operators dilation/erosion were applied to the BP and TX images to account for the presence of the phantom's plastic walls, which would otherwise bias the EV values. Dividing MYO by the EV values improved the recovery to 95% at 5 mm, however, TX ring artifacts and the anisotropic nature of dilation/erosion contributed to errors in the EV image. Instead of using dilation/erosion, a second method, involving placement of adjusted ROIs on the BP and TX images was investigated. Use of these new EV values, as well as placement of the cardiac phantom in a chest phantom to reduce TX ring artifacts, allowed for 90% recovery of the activity at 5 mm. These results show that the EV density image can correct for PV averaging with 3-D PET over a range of myocardial thicknesses applicable to patient studies. However, in the thinnest regions, the method was found to be sensitive to errors in both the blood pool and transmission images.
Polyacrylic Ether-Ester Elastomers (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticlePolyacrylic Ether-Ester ElastomersC. L. Gable, H. W. Kilbourne, P. E. McIntyre, and M. J. PughCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Chem. Eng. Data Series 1956, 1, 1, 122–130Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/i460001a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (766 KB) Get e-Alerts
A comparison of dithered and chaotic sigma-delta modulators (1996)

Recent work has shown that higher order single-bit sigma-delta modulators suffer from low-level artifacts such as idle tones and noise modulation. Techniques that have been proposed to reduce or eliminate these errors include the application of dither inside the 1-bit quantizer loop and selecting a loop filter that makes the modulator chaotic. These two approaches are compared with regard to efficacy by simulating high-resolution sigma-delta modulators suitable for audio-conversion applications.
Application of Umbilical Cord Serum Eyedrops for Recurrent Corneal Erosions (2011)

In the treatment of recurrent corneal erosions, umbilical cord serum eyedrops may be effective in reducing the number of recurrences.
Simultaneous emission and transmission measurements for attenuation correction in whole-body PET. (1995)

Attenuation correction of whole-body PET images is feasible using SET measurements. There is good quantitative agreement with conventional methods and increased noise is offset by the use of SAC and OS-EM reconstruction.
GDC-Infiltrated La<sub>0.3</sub>Ca<sub>0.7</sub>Fe<sub>0.7</sub>Cr<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>3-</sub> <sub>δ</sub> Symmetrical Oxygen Electrodes for Reversible SOFCs (2015)

Our recent studies have shown that La 0.3 Ca 0.7 Fe 0.7 Cr 0.3 O 3- δ (LCFCr) is a promising material as an air electrode for use in reversible solid oxide cells, due to its excellent activity towards the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions, along with its good thermal expansion coefficient match with common electrolytes, such as gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC). In the present work, GDC was infiltrated into a pre-sintered, porous, LCFCr scaffold, forming a porous layer on the LCFCr surface. This resulted in further improvements in the electrochemical performance, due to the enhanced ionic conductivity introduced by the GDC phase. The impedance spectroscopy results showed that GDC addition lowered the resistance specifically of the high frequency process.
Efficient Synthesis of Halomethyl‐2,2′‐Bipyridines: 4,4′‐Bis(Chloromethyl)‐2,2′‐Bipyridine (2003)

Abstract 4, 4′‐Bis(chloromethyl)2, 2′‐bipyridine R 4, 4′‐Dimethyl‐2, 2′‐bipyridine I 4, 4′‐Bis[trimethylsilyl) methyl]‐2, 2′ bepyridine P 4, 4′‐Bis[chloromethyl)2, 2′‐bipyridine
Combustion products from the incineration of plastics (1973)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/3702/5/anh0435.0001.001.pdf
Enhanced high rate performance of Li[Li₀.₁₇Ni₀.₂Co₀.₀₅Mn₀.₅₈₋ₓAlₓ]O₂₋₀.₅ₓ cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (2015)

Pristine Li[Li₀.₁₇Ni₀.₂Co₀.₀₅Mn₀.₅₈]O₂ (LNCM) and Li[Li₀.₁₇Ni₀.₂Co₀.₀₅Mn₀.₅₈₋ₓAlₓ]O₂₋₀.₅ₓ (x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04) (LNCMA) as Li-rich cathode materials for lithium ion batteries were synthesized via a sol–gel route. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the composition, structure and morphology of the LNCM and LNCMA samples. The homogeneous dispersion of the element Al in the LNCMA samples was confirmed using energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) mapping. Compared with LNCM, the larger crystal cell volume of LNCMA was verified by XRD and TEM analysis. A blue shift of O1s and Mn2p peaks in the A2 sample was observed via XPS, demonstrating the partial substitution of Al³⁺ for Mn⁴⁺ ions. The electrochemical properties are examined by means of cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge tests. In general, the Al-substituted samples exhibit a better electrochemical performance. Especially for the A2 sample, it presents an enhanced initial discharge capacity of ∼300 mA h g⁻¹, accompanied with the better initial coulombic efficiency of 90.9%. For 5 C rate, the A2 sample delivers a higher discharge capacity of 168.9 mA h g⁻¹ in the initial cycle and 156.5 mA h g⁻¹ after 150 cycles, while for the pristine sample it is 126.5 and 98.8 mA h g⁻¹, respectively. The excellent electrochemical performance of the Al-substituted samples could be ascribed to the enlarged cell volume and improved structural stability resulting from the partial Al substitution.
Plasma-Polymerized Organosilicon Thin Films—Structure and Properties (1979)

The chemical structure of thin films formed by plasma polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisilazane (HMCTSN) and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (HMCTSO) was studied. The investigations were carried out using combined techniques of pyrolysis - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The results showed that the pyrolysis products of highly crosslinked plasma polymers contained low-molecular weight compounds trapped in the polymer film during its growth. The distinct difference between the structure of the pyrolysis products of both polymers showed silazane and siloxane monomers to undergo polymerization according to two different mechanisms. It was found that heat treatment of plasma-polymerized HMCTSN films leads to the formation of thermally stable materials of almost inorganic structure. D.C. conductivity and thermally stimulated currents examinations showed that Schottky effects were of importance for the elucidation of the electrical conductivity mechanism of plasma polymer films.
The PDM rainfall-runoff model (2007)

Abstract. The Probability Distributed Model, or PDM, has evolved as a toolkit of model functions that together constitute a lumped rainfall-runoff model capable of representing a variety of catchment-scale hydrological behaviours. Runoff production is represented as a saturation excess runoff process controlled by the absorption capacity (of the canopy, surface and soil) whose variability within the catchment is characterised by a probability density function of chosen form. Soil drainage to groundwater is controlled by the water content in excess of a tension threshold, optionally inhibited by the water content of the receiving groundwater store. Alternatively, a proportional split of runoff to fast (surface storage) and slow (groundwater) pathways can be invoked with no explicit soil drainage function. Recursive solutions to the Horton-Izzard equation are provided for routing flows through these pathways, conveniently considered to yield the surface runoff and baseflow components of the total flow. An alternative routing function employs a transfer function that is discretely-coincident to a cascade of two linear reservoirs in series. For real-time flow forecasting applications, the PDM is complemented by updating methods based on error prediction and state-correction approaches. The PDM has been widely applied throughout the world, both for operational and design purposes. This experience has allowed the PDM to evolve to its current form as a practical toolkit for rainfall-runoff modelling and forecasting.
Serum levels of stem cell factor and thrombopoietin are markedly decreased in fulminant hepatic failure patients with a poor prognosis (2006)

These results suggest that low serum levels of SCF and TPO may be linked to poor prognosis in patients with severe liver injury.
Recent advances in thin-layer cytology. (1998)

In recent years liquid-based cytology has emerged as an alternative to conventional cytopreparatory methods. In particular, the ThinPrep system has found broad acceptance in non-gynecologic cytopreparation. Many laboratories have successfully applied this technique to body fluids (e.g. urine, pleural effusions), brushing samples (e.g. gastrointestinal tract, lung) and fine-needle aspiration. Most comparative studies have shown the ThinPrep system to perform as well as or better than conventional preparations in nongynecologic cytology; plus, the residual cells within the vial can be used for DNA analysis or immunohistochemical and other special studies. Recently, the ThinPrep 2000 system has been approved for use in gynecologic cytology. This approval was based on a large, multicenter clinical study that showed the ThinPrep system to be favored over the conventional Pap smear for the detection of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, or more severe lesions. At screening centers the improved rate of detecting low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) or more severe diagnosis was up to 73%, with an average improvement of 65% as compared to the conventional Pap smears. Also, for specimen adequacy, the ThinPrep method was statistically favored over conventional cytology methods. This multicenter clinical trial demonstrates the ThinPrep 2000 system was more effective than the conventional Pap smear for the detection of atypical cells and cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. In addition, by collecting cells in a liquid-based medium the opportunity is present to improve the Pap test by adjunctive testing for Human Papilloma Virus or other procedures. This creates the opportunity for improved triage and management of patients with cervical abnormalities.
Size and orientation dependence in the electronic properties of silicon nanowires (2007)

By using first-principles pseudopotential methods, we have studied the electronic properties of hydrogen-passivated silicon nanowires along the [100], [110], and [111] directions with diameter up to $3.4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. It is found that as the diameter decreases, the energy band gaps are distinctly enlarged due to the confinement effect. The valence-band maximum moves down while the conduction-band minimum moves up compared with the bulk. By using the many-body perturbation theory within the $GW$ approximation, we have also investigated the self-energy correction to the energy band gaps. Our calculational results show that, although the band gap values strongly depend on both the diameter and orientation, the $GW$ corrections are mainly dependent on diameter and less sensitive to the growth orientation. The effective mass as a function of diameter is also discussed.
Selected Contribution: Sex differences in osmotic regulation of AVP and renal sodium handling (2001)

To determine sex differences in osmoregulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and body water, we studied eight men (24 +/- 1 yr) and eight women (29 +/- 2 yr) during 3% NaCl infusion [hypertonic saline infusion (HSI); 120 min, 0.1 ml. kg body wt(-1). min(-1)]. Subjects then drank 15 ml/kg body wt over 30 min followed by 60 min of rest. Women were studied in the early follicular (F; 16.1 +/- 2.8 pg/ml plasma 17beta-estradiol and 0.6 +/- 0.1 ng/ml plasma progesterone) and midluteal (L; 80.6 +/- 11.4 pg/ml plasma 17beta-estradiol and 12.7 +/- 0.7 ng/ml plasma progesterone) menstrual phases. Basal plasma osmolality was higher in F (286 +/- 1 mosmol/kgH(2)O) and in men (289 +/- 1 mosmol/kgH(2)O) compared with L (280 +/- 1 mosmol/kgH(2)O, P < 0.05). Neither menstrual phase nor gender affected basal plasma AVP concentration (P([AVP]); 1.7 +/- 4, 1.9 +/- 0.4, and 2.2 +/- 0.5 pg/ml for F, L, and men, respectively). The plasma osmolality threshold for AVP release was lowest in L (x-intercept, 263 +/- 3 mosmol/kgH(2)O, P < 0.05) compared with F (273 +/- 2 mosmol/kgH(2)O) and men (270 +/- 4 mosmol/kgH(2)O) during HSI. Men had greater P([AVP])-plasma osmolality slopes (i.e., sensitivity) compared with F and L (slopes = 0.14 +/- 0.04, 0.09 +/- 0.01, and 0.24 +/- 0.07 for F, L, and men, respectively, P < 0.05). Despite similar Na+-regulating hormone responses, men excreted less Na+ during HSI (0.7 +/- 0.1, 0.7 +/- 0.1, and 0.5 +/- 0.1 meq/kg body wt for F, L, and men, respectively, P < 0.05). Furthermore, men had greater systolic blood pressure (119 +/- 5, 119 +/- 5, and 132 +/- 3 mmHg for F, L, and men, respectively, P < 0.05) than F and L. Our data indicate greater sensitivity in P([AVP]) response to changes in plasma osmolality as the primary difference between men and women during HSI. In men, this greater sensitivity was associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure during HSI, most likely due to a shift in the pressure-natriuresis curve.
Human cerebral malaria. A quantitative ultrastructural analysis of parasitized erythrocyte sequestration. (1985)

For investigation of the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, immediate postmortem samples from brain and other tissues of patients dying with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, with (CM) or without (NCM) cerebral malaria, were processed for electron microscopy. Counts of parasitized erythrocytes (PRBCs) in cerebral and other vessels showed that the proportion of PRBCs was higher in CM than in NCM, and also that the proportion of PRBCs was higher in the brain than in other organs examined in both CM and NCM. Cerebral vessels from CM patients were more tightly packed with RBCs than those from NCM patients, but there was no significant difference in the amount or degree of endothelial damage or numbers of vessels with endothelial pseudopodia. Fibrillar (fibrin) deposits were present in a small proportion of vessels, but no thrombosis was present. There was neither acute nor chronic inflammation, and leukocytes were absent within or outside cerebral vessels. There was no immune complex deposition in cerebral vessels. Parasites in cerebral vessels were mainly trophozoites or schizonts. Occasional RBC remnants following parasite release were seen. Some parasites were degenerate, resembling crisis forms. PRBCs adhered to endothelium via surface knobs. It is concluded that there is no evidence for an inflammatory or immune pathogenesis for human cerebral malaria and that the clinical effects probably relate to anoxia and the metabolic activities of the parasites.
Microarray-based global mapping of integration sites for the retrotransposon, intracisternal A-particle, in the mouse genome (2008)

Mammalian genomes contain numerous evolutionary harbored mobile elements, a part of which are still active and may cause genomic instability. Their movement and positional diversity occasionally result in phenotypic changes and variation by causing altered expression or disruption of neighboring host genes. Here, we describe a novel microarray-based method by which dispersed genomic locations of a type of retrotransposon in a mammalian genome can be identified. Using this method, we mapped the DNA elements for a mouse retrotransposon, intracisternal A-particle (IAP), within genomes of C3H/He and C57BL/6J inbred mouse strains; consequently we detected hundreds of probable IAP cDNA-integrated genomic regions, in which a considerable number of strain-specific putative insertions were included. In addition, by comparing genomic DNAs from radiation-induced myeloid leukemia cells and its reference normal tissue, we detected three genomic regions around which an IAP element was integrated. These results demonstrate the first successful genome-wide mapping of a retrotransposon type in a mammalian genome.