gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light beam induced current and infrared thermography studies of multicrystalline silicon solar cells (2003)

In this paper we demonstrate the parallel application of light beam induced current (LBIC) and lock-in infrared thermography for the investigation of strong shunting regions in multicrystalline silicon solar cells. Usually both mappings are not correlated, but in this case the shunts could be imaged by both techniques. If for a locally generated photocurrent the conductance through a shunt lying nearby is comparable to that across the emitter into the current amplifier, local shunts become visible in the LBIC as dark regions. After the rear contact of the cell was removed, the LBIC technique was performed from the rear side of the cell. The images point to the existence of inversion layers along grain boundaries crossing the bulk of the cell. Obviously, these inversion layers represent the dominant material-induced shunt type in multicrystalline silicon solar cells. Moreover, it has been shown that cracks may lead to shunts.
Reactive and ‘clickable’ electrospun polymeric nanofibers (2015)

This mini-review summarizes the design, synthesis and modification of various reactive and ‘clickable’ electrospun polymeric nanofibers to render them functional.
Validation of Inertial Measurement Units for Upper Body Kinematics (2016)

The purpose of this study was to validate a commercially available inertial measurement unit (IMU) system against a standard lab-based motion capture system for the measurement of shoulder elevation, elbow flexion, trunk flexion/extension, and neck flexion/extension kinematics. The validation analyses were applied to 6 surgical faculty members performing a standard, simulated surgical training task that mimics minimally invasive surgery. Three-dimensional joint kinematics were simultaneously recorded by an optical motion capture system and an IMU system with 6 sensors placed on the head, chest, and bilateral upper and lower arms. The sensor-to-segment axes alignment was accomplished manually. The IMU neck and trunk IMU flexion/extension angles were accurate to within 2.9 ± 0.9 degrees and 1.6 ± 1.1°, respectively. The IMU shoulder elevation measure was accurate to within 6.8 ± 2.7° and the elbow flexion measure was accurate to within 8.2 ± 2.8°. In the Bland-Altman analyses, there were no significant systematic errors present; however, there was a significant inversely proportional error across all joints. As the gold standard measurement increased, the IMU underestimated the magnitude of the joint angle. This study reports acceptable accuracy of a commercially available IMU system; however, results should be interpreted as protocol specific.
Environment-Friendly Vertical Air-Cooling Heatsink: Heatpipe-Based Heatsink "POWER KICKER ® " (2005)

A variety of heatsinks of high efficiency has been used in electric power devices for power conversion to maintain their performance. Recently, these heat- sinks are required to have small footprint and environment-friendliness —such as small ozone depletion and reduced environmental impact— as well as high heat-dissipating performance. Accordingly, the authors have developed and put into practical use, jointly with a certain com- pany, POWER KICKER ® —an environment-friendly vertical air-cooling heatsink— for heat dis- sipation of high heat-generating devices to replace conventional heatsinks that use CFCs and CFC substitutes. This paper reports on the performance and practical applications of the new heatsink. ABSTRACT
Making Shopping Easy for People with Visual Impairment Using Mobile Assistive Technologies (2019)

People with visual impairment face various difficulties in their daily activities in comparison to people without visual impairment. Much research has been done to find smart solutions using mobile devices to help people with visual impairment perform tasks like shopping. One of the most challenging tasks for researchers is to create a solution that offers a good quality of life for people with visual impairment. It is also essential to develop solutions that encourage people with visual impairment to participate in social life. This study provides an overview of the various technologies that have been developed in recent years to assist people with visual impairment in shopping tasks. It gives an introduction to the latest direction in this area, which will help developers to incorporate such solutions into their research.
Improved Biocatalysts from a Synthetic Circular Permutation Library of the Flavin-Dependent Oxidoreductase Old Yellow Enzyme (2013)

Members of the old yellow enzyme (OYE) family are widely used, effective biocatalysts for the stereoselective trans-hydrogenation of activated alkenes. To further expand their substrate scope and improve catalytic performance, we have applied a protein engineering strategy called circular permutation (CP) to enhance the function of OYE1 from Saccharomyces pastorianus. CP can influence a biocatalyst's function by altering protein backbone flexibility and active site accessibility, both critical performance features because the catalytic cycle for OYE1 is thought to involve rate-limiting conformational changes. To explore the impact of CP throughout the OYE1 protein sequence, we implemented a highly efficient approach for cell-free cpOYE library preparation by combining whole-gene synthesis with in vitro transcription/translation. The versatility of such an ex vivo system was further demonstrated by the rapid and reliable functional evaluation of library members under variable environmental conditions with three reference substrates ketoisophorone, cinnamaldehyde, and (S)-carvone. Library analysis identified over 70 functional OYE1 variants with several biocatalysts exhibiting over an order of magnitude improved catalytic activity. Although catalytic gains of individual cpOYE library members vary by substrate, the locations of new protein termini in functional variants for all tested substates fall within the same four distinct loop/lid regions near the active site. Our findings demonstrate the importance of these structural elements in enzyme function and support the hypothesis of conformational flexibility as a limiting factor for catalysis in wild type OYE.
Methods to Evaluate Cell Growth, Viability, and Response to Treatment in a Tissue Engineered Breast Cancer Model (2017)

The use of in vitro, engineered surrogates in the field of cancer research is of interest for studies involving mechanisms of growth and metastasis, and response to therapeutic intervention. While biomimetic surrogates better model human disease, their complex composition and dimensionality make them challenging to evaluate in a real-time manner. This feature has hindered the broad implementation of these models, particularly in drug discovery. Herein, several methods and approaches for the real-time, non-invasive analysis of cell growth and response to treatment in tissue-engineered, three-dimensional models of breast cancer are presented. The tissue-engineered surrogates used to demonstrate these methods consist of breast cancer epithelial cells and fibroblasts within a three dimensional volume of extracellular matrix and are continuously perfused with nutrients via a bioreactor system. Growth of the surrogates over time was measured using optical in vivo (IVIS) imaging. Morphologic changes in specific cell populations were evaluated by multi-photon confocal microscopy. Response of the surrogates to treatment with paclitaxel was measured by optical imaging and by analysis of lactate dehydrogenase and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 in the perfused medium. Each method described can be repeatedly performed during culture, allowing for real-time, longitudinal analysis of cell populations within engineered tumor models.
A model system for evaluating shear in the design of stirred fermentors (1966)

Abstract A model system, utilizing shear‐sensitive protozoa, has been developed for characterizing the disruptive forces in agitated systems. The model system gives a measure of the maximum shear stresses in the apparatus being tested, and is particularly useful when tissue fragility is a factor in fermentor design. The time dependency of protozoan disruption is shown and discussed. Breakdown data in conventional stirred vessels and a laminar shear device are presented and discussed.
High Accuracy Decoding of Dynamical Motion from a Large Retinal Population (2015)

Motion tracking is a challenge the visual system has to solve by reading out the retinal population. It is still unclear how the information from different neurons can be combined together to estimate the position of an object. Here we recorded a large population of ganglion cells in a dense patch of salamander and guinea pig retinas while displaying a bar moving diffusively. We show that the bar's position can be reconstructed from retinal activity with a precision in the hyperacuity regime using a linear decoder acting on 100+ cells. We then took advantage of this unprecedented precision to explore the spatial structure of the retina's population code. The classical view would have suggested that the firing rates of the cells form a moving hill of activity tracking the bar's position. Instead, we found that most ganglion cells in the salamander fired sparsely and idiosyncratically, so that their neural image did not track the bar. Furthermore, ganglion cell activity spanned an area much larger than predicted by their receptive fields, with cells coding for motion far in their surround. As a result, population redundancy was high, and we could find multiple, disjoint subsets of neurons that encoded the trajectory with high precision. This organization allows for diverse collections of ganglion cells to represent high-accuracy motion information in a form easily read out by downstream neural circuits.
An unusual internal ribosomal entry site of inverted symmetry directs expression of a potato leafroll polerovirus replication-associated protein (2003)

Potato leafroll polerovirus (PLRV) genomic RNA acts as a polycistronic mRNA for the production of proteins P0, P1, and P2 translated from the 5'-proximal half of the genome. Within the P1 coding region we identified a 5-kDa replication-associated protein 1 (Rap1) essential for viral multiplication. An internal ribosome entry site (IRES) with unusual structure and location was identified that regulates Rap1 translation. Core structural elements for internal ribosome entry include a conserved AUG codon and a downstream GGAGAGAGAGG motif with inverted symmetry. Reporter gene expression in potato protoplasts confirmed the internal ribosome entry function. Unlike known IRES motifs, the PLRV IRES is located completely within the coding region of Rap1 at the center of the PLRV genome.
A tellurium transposition route to allylic alcohols: overcoming some limitations of the Sharpless-Katsuki asymmetric epoxidation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA tellurium transposition route to allylic alcohols: overcoming some limitations of the Sharpless-Katsuki asymmetric epoxidationDonald C. Dittmer, Robert P. Discordia, Yanzhi Zhang, Christopher K. Murphy, Archana Kumar, Aurora S. Pepito, and Yuesheng WangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 3, 718–731Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00055a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00055a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1460Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Benchmark variational coupled cluster doubles results (2000)

We present the first application of the Rayleigh–Ritz variational procedure to the coupled cluster doubles trial function. The variational approach is applied to the potential surface of H4, the double dissociation of water and the dissociation of N2, and the results are compared to standard coupled cluster doubles calculations. It is found that the variational approach gives a greatly improved description of strongly correlated systems, where the standard approach is known to fail. Some examination of the basis set dependence of the results is presented.
Determination of the shortest balanced cycles (2008)

For the construction of some quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check codes, it is desired to find all the shortest balanced cycles in a base matrix. In this paper, we give some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of balanced cycles. Furthermore, we show that any of the shortest balanced cycles in a base matrix consists of the points of a sub-matrix of some patterns which are completely determined.
Deficits in the Mimicry of Facial Expressions in Parkinson's Disease (2016)

Patients showed decreased mimicry overall, mimicking other peoples' frowns to some extent, but presenting with profoundly weakened and delayed smiles. These findings open a new avenue of inquiry into the "masked face" syndrome of PD.
Loss-of-function screen in rhabdomyosarcoma identifies CRKL-YES as a critical signal for tumor growth (2013)

To identify novel signaling pathways necessary for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) survival, we performed a loss-of-function screen using an inducible small hairpin RNA (shRNA) library in an alveolar and an embryonal RMS cell line. This screen identified CRKL expression as necessary for growth of alveolar RMS and embryonal RMS both in vitro and in vivo. We also found that CRKL was uniformly highly expressed in both RMS cell lines and tumor tissue. As CRKL is a member of the CRK adapter protein family that contains an SH2 and two SH3 domains and is involved in signal transduction from multiple tyrosine kinase receptors, we evaluated CRKL interaction with multiple tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathways in RMS cells. While we saw no interaction of CRKL with IGFIR, MET or PI3KAKT/mTOR pathways, we determined that CRKL signaling was associated with SRC family kinase (SFK) signaling, specifically with YES kinase. Inhibition of SFK signaling with dasatinib or another SFK inhibitor, sarcatinib, suppressed RMS cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These data identify CRKL as a novel critical component of RMS growth. This study also demonstrates the use of functional screening to identify a potentially novel therapeutic target and treatment approach for these highly aggressive pediatric cancers.
A hybrid adiabatic content addressable memory for ultra low-power applications (2003)

This paper presents a hybrid adiabatic content addressable memory (CAM). The CAM uses an adiabatic switching technique to reduce the energy consumption in the match line while keeping the performance for the read/write operation. The adiabatic CAM is suitable for ultra low-power, low performance applications such as smart cards and portable devices. This CAM uses a clocked power supply for the match line while the rest of the circuit is the same as the basic CAM. A novel smart card application which uses the adiabatic CAM is illustrated. The circuit simulations for a 16x16 and 32x32 CAM were done in Hspice using 0.18 μm Berkeley models and the energy dissipation was compared with a basic CAM. The results show three orders of magnitude in energy savings for the 16x16 CAM and one order of magnitude savings for the 32x32 CAM when operated at 2Mhz. The maximum frequency of operation for which there was considerable energy savings was found to be 200 Mhz with a 20% and 45% energy savings for 16x16 and 32x32 CAM respectively.
Poly(triol α-ketoglutarate) as Biodegradable, Chemoselective, and Mechanically Tunable Elastomers (2008)

We report the design of several elastomers based on the thermal polycondensation of α-ketoglutaric acid and one of three triols: glycerol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, or 1,2,6-hexanetriol. By varying the curing temperature and the duration of the curing process, a wide range of mechanical properties was achieved. The values of the Young’s modulus (0.1−657.4 MPa), ultimate stress (0.2−30.8 MPa), and ultimate strain (22−583%) encompass the mechanical properties of many biological materials, increasing the probability of success for the use of poly(triol α-ketoglutarate) as a biomaterial. Furthermore, the poly(triol α-ketoglutarate) series hydrolytically degraded in as fast as 2 days and as long as 28 days in phosphate-buffered saline solutions. For postpolymerization modifications, the repeat units contain ketones, which are capable of reacting with a variety of oxyamine-terminated molecules to generate stable oxime linkages. Finally, the versatility and utility of these elastomers were demonstrated by creating micropatterned structures and films for biospecific cell scaffold supports.
Antitumor imidazotetrazines. 20. Preparation of the 8-acid derivative of mitozolomide and its utility in the preparation of active antitumor agents (1990)

The preparation of 3-(2-chlorethyl)-4-oxo-3H-imidazo[5,1-d]-1,2,3,5- tetrazine-8-carboxylic acid, a key derivative of mitozolomide in our exploration of the structure-activity relationships of this class of antitumor agents, is described. The facile conversion to the 8-carbonyl chloride gave a derivative that reacted preferentially with nucleophiles at the 8-position rather than at the reactive 4-oxo group, allowing the preparation of a wide range of ester, thioester, amide (including an amide derived from an amino acid), hydroxamic acid, hydrazide and sulfoximide, azide and diazoacetyl derivatives. The in vivo activity is presented of a range of these compounds against TLX5 lymphoma and L1210 leukemia cell lines.
Dopamine transporter site-directed mutations differentially alter substrate transport and cocaine binding. (1992)

Polar amino acids lying within three hydrophobic regions of the dopamine transporter (DAT) are analogous to those important for ligand recognition by catecholamine receptors. Possible functional significance of these amino acids was examined by expressing DAT cDNAs mutated in these polar residues. Replacement of aspartate at position 79 with alanine, glycine, or glutamate dramatically reduced uptake of [3H]dopamine and the tritium-labeled Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and reduced the mutants' affinity for the tritium-labeled cocaine analog (-)-2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (CFT) without affecting Bmax. Replacement of the serine residues at positions 356 and 359 in the seventh hydrophobic region by alanine or glycine caused reductions in [3H]dopamine and [3H]MPP+ uptake, whereas [3H]CFT binding was less affected. Substitution of two serines in the eighth hydrophobic region yielded wild-type values for [3H]dopamine and [3H]MPP+ uptake and [3H]CFT binding. These results demonstrate that aspartate and serine residues lying within the first and seventh hydrophobic putative transmembrane regions are crucial for DAT function and provide identification of residues differentially important for cocaine binding and for dopamine uptake.
Legal problems for the ubiquitous information society (2003)

It is said that the ubiquitous information society came by the development of technology in the future. It is guessed that various legal problems, which have been not thought so far, occur in the ubiquitous information society. I think it important to examine these problems from an initial stage of the technological development.
CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT OF ALLYL-2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL ETHER OVER A SOLID SUPERACID UDCaT-5 CATALYST (2020)

4-Allyl-2,6-xylenol finds several applications in a variety of industries. It is prepared by Claisen rearrangement of allyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl ether to 4-allyl-2,6-xylenol using various heterogeneous acid catalysts. Catalysts such as heteropolyacid supported on mesoporous silica, cesium modified heteropolyacid supported on clay, and zirconia based mesoporous UDCaT-5 were used for the studies. UDCaT-5 was found to be superior, reusable, and 100% selective toward the desired product. A kinetic model including mechanistic interpretation is provided.
Compact Model of Dielectric Breakdown in Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junction (2016)

Spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is a promising candidate for nonvolatile memories thanks to its high speed, low power, infinite endurance, and easy integration with CMOS circuits. However, a relatively high current flowing through an MTJ is always required by most of the switching mechanisms, which results in a high electric field in the MTJ and a significant self-heating effect. This may lead to the dielectric breakdown of the ultrathin (~1 nm) oxide barrier in the MTJ and cause functional errors of hybrid CMOS/MTJ circuits. This paper analyzes the physical mechanisms of time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in an oxide barrier and proposes an SPICE-compact model of the MTJ. The simulation results show great consistency with the experimental measurements. This model can be used to execute a more realistic design according to the constraints obtained from simulation. The users can estimate the lifetime, the operation voltage margin, and the failure probability caused by TDDB in the MTJ-based circuits.
Self-consistent solutions for allowed interconnect current density. I. Implications for technology evolution (1997)

We comprehend both interconnect electromigration and Joule heating to study for the first time the self-consistent solutions for the maximum allowed interconnect peak current density j/sub peak/ as a function of wave shape. The maximum allowed temperature and j/sub peak/ solutions monotonically increase as the duty cycle r decreases. Self-consistent solutions indicate that there are diminishing returns in the usefulness of increasing the electromigration capability of the interconnect system. While the greatest increase in allowed j/sub peak/ occurs at de stress (r=1), the increases becomes less as r is reduced below 1, and becomes negligible for r<0.01. Further increases in j/sub peak/ will have to come at some future time from technology options which lower the temperatures at which the interconnects operates.
Detection of Oxytetracycline Production by<i>Streptomyces rimosus</i>in Soil Microcosms by Combining Whole-Cell Biosensors and Flow Cytometry (2001)

Combining the high specificity of bacterial biosensors and the resolution power of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) provided qualitative detection of oxytetracycline production by Streptomyces rimosus in soil microcosms. A plasmid containing a transcriptional fusion between the tetR-regulated P(tet) promoter from Tn10 and a FACS-optimized gfp gene was constructed. When harbored by Escherichia coli, this plasmid produces large amounts of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the presence of tetracycline. This tetracycline biosensor was used to detect the production of oxytetracycline by S. rimosus introduced into sterile soil. The tetracycline-induced GFP-producing biosensors were detected by FACS analysis, enabling the detection of oxytetracycline encounters by single biosensor cells. This approach can be used to study interactions between antibiotic producers and their target organisms in soil.