gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of chromosomal antibiotic resistance genes in Streptococcus anginosus ("S. milleri") (1990)

Determinants encoding resistance to antibiotics, except penicillin, of 5 of 21 Streptococcus anginosus clinical isolates that we examined transferred by conjugation into Enterococcus faecalis and into 1 to 5 streptococcal recipients at frequencies of 10(-6) to 10(-8) transconjugants per donor. No R plasmids were detected in any wild-type strain. DNA homology was detected between chromosomal fragments and the following genes: aadE in 7 strains that were highly resistant to streptomycin, aph-3 in 8 strains that were highly resistant to kanamycin, ermB in 11 of 15 strains that were resistant to erythromycin, and tetM in 14 and tetO in 3 of the 18 strains that were resistant to tetracycline-minocycline. A Tn916-like structure was found in 10 of the 14 strains that carried the tetM gene.
Testing and Evaluation of 43 “Noncore” Y Chromosome Markers for Forensic Casework Applications (2006)

A developmental validation study was performed on three Y-STR multiplex systems, Multiplex III (MPIII), Multiplex IV (MPIV), and Multiplex V (MPV), to ascertain their potential applicability to forensic casework. MPIII contains eight Y-STRs, including DYS426, DYS435, DYS436, DYS441, DYS442, DYS446, DYS462, and Y-GATA-A10, and one InDel, YAP (DYS287). MPIV contains 21 Y-STR loci, including DYS443, DYS444, DYS445, DYS447, DYS448, DYS449, DYS452, DYS453, DYS454, DYS455, DYS456, DYS458, DYS463, DYS464, DYS468, DYS484, DYS522, DYS527, DYS531 DYS557, and DYS588. MPV contains 13 Y-STR loci, including DYS459, DYS476, DYS488, DYS513, DYS549, DYS561, DYS570, DYS575, DYS576, DYS590, DYS594, DYS598, and DYS607. Full genetic profiles were consistently obtained for all three multiplexes with 25-50 pg of male DNA. No significant amplification was observed with 1 mug of female DNA. Each multiplex permitted the determination of the number of male donors in male:male DNA admixtures. Species specificity studies demonstrated some cross-reactivity with some primate samples. Environmentally compromised blood samples produced full or partial profiles after exposure to various conditions for up to 1 year. Full profiles were recovered from simulated casework specimens including cigarette butts and postcoital cervicovaginal swabs. Population data were collected to determine individual loci gene diversity and multiplex discriminatory capacity.
Rapid Alteration of MicroRNA Levels by Histone Deacetylase Inhibition (2006)

Improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which small-molecule inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC) induce programs, such as cellular differentiation and apoptosis, would undoubtedly assist their clinical development as anticancer agents. As modulators of gene transcript levels, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) typically affect only 5% to 10% of actively transcribed genes with approximately as many mRNA transcripts being up-regulated as down-regulated. Using microRNA (miRNA) array analysis, we report rapid alteration of miRNA levels in response to the potent hydroxamic acid HDACi LAQ824 in the breast cancer cell line SKBr3. Within 5 hours of exposure to a proapoptotic dose of LAQ824, significant changes were measured in 40% of the >60 different miRNA species expressed in SKBr3 cells with 22 miRNA species down-regulated and 5 miRNAs up-regulated. To explore a potential functional link between HDACi induced mRNA up-regulation and miRNA down-regulation, antisense experiments were done against miR-27a and miR-27b, both abundantly expressed and down-regulated in SKBr3 cells by LAQ824. Correlating a set of genes previously determined by cDNA array analysis to be rapidly up-regulated by LAQ824 in SKBr3 with a database of potential 3' untranslated region miRNA binding elements, two genes containing putative miR-27 anchor elements were identified as transcriptionally up-regulated following miR-27 antisense transfection, ZBTB10/RINZF, a Sp1 repressor, and RYBP/DEDAF, an apoptotic facilitator. These findings emphasize the importance of post-transcriptional mRNA regulation by HDACi in addition to their established effects on promoter-driven gene expression.
Electrochemical Control of Protein Interactions with Solid Surfaces (1992)

The present chapter examines the effect of electrochemical polarization of the SnO2 surface on the albumin molecules behaviour at the solid/liquid interface.
Grafting of Radiation-Peroxidized Lignin (1967)

Lignin is subject to easy radiation-peroxidation. In the case of pine hydrochloric acid lignin, irradiation of 1.92 Megarads of γ-ray in air gave rise to 3×1019 peroxide per gram of lignin. When the peroxidized lignin was allowed to stand in air, the peroxide contents diminished in 25 days to 40%, which was, thereafter, invariable for 250 days. When styrene or methyl methacrylate was used as monomer in the grafting there was reaction of 36 parts of styrene or of 39 parts of methyl methacrylate to 100 parts of lignin, but it was not the case with ligninsulfonic acid. Up to 1.92 Megarads of dose amount applied, the peroxide concentration in lignin increased proportionally with the radiation period, but the grafting ratio indicated maximum value at the point of a peroxide content of 1.89×1019 per gram of lignin. When polystyrene branches propagated up to Pn of 100, the corresponding grafting ratio reached to 35 in the radiation-peroxidation method and 200 in the case of direct radiation method respectively. This means that. in the case of radiation-peroxidation method, the number of active centers for grafting is one-sixth compared with those which appeared in the direct radiation grafting. From the so far known structure of lignin and the experimental results obtained here, it is to be concluded that the peroxides produced in the lignin molecules by pre-irradiation were mostly hydroperoxide arising from C-H scission at tertiary carbon, and less in diperoxide.
Mg-doped green light emitting diodes over cubic (111) MgAl2O4 substrates (1997)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of Mg-doped green light emitting diodes (LEDs) over cubic (111) MgAl2O4 substrates with a very strong impurity band electroluminescence. A 0.2-micron-thick Mg-doped In0.13Ga0.87N layer was used in the active region of mesa type LED structures. The emission spectrum was centered at 510 nm (green) with a full-width at half-maximum of 60 nm. At a forward bias current of 20 mA the output power and the external quantum efficiency were about 200 μW and 0.3%. The origin of green light in the Mg-doped In0.13Ga0.87N layer has also been studied by time resolved photoluminescence. Our study demonstrates impurity band LEDs to be a viable alternative to band edge emission green LEDs with high indium mole fractions in the active region.
Statistical Analyses of the Forms of the Glaciers in the Khumbu Himal (1977)

Statistical analyses were performed on the relation between the glacier forms and the topographic conditions of the glacier basins, using an inventory of the glaciers in the Khumbu Himal where climatic conditions can be considered as nearly uniform in the Great Himalayas.An apparent difference was found between the dimensions of glaciers without debris (C-type glaciers) and those covered with debris (D-type glaciers), the latter being 15 times larger in area and 5 times longer in length on the average.The correlation between the dimensions of glaciers and their basins is better in the case of glaciers covered with ablation moraine than glaciers without ablation moraine. The large-sized glaciers, having large area, long length, and high upper limit, develop in bigger basins with higher summits, longer basin ridges and wider valleys. However the positions of the lower limits of the glaciers are independent of the dimensions of the glacier basin.There are good correlations between glacier area and basin area, and between debris covered area and rock face area. Therefore, it would be reasonable to consider that the total precipitation in the area of basin above the firn line controls the size of the glacier, and the debris on the glacier surface were supplied from the rock face of the basin.After multiple regression analysis by forward selection, elements representing the form of the glaciers were related to elements representing the form of the basins by a regression equation.
Tough Blends of Polylactide and Castor Oil (2011)

Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) is a renewable resource polymer derived from plant sugars with several commercial applications. Broader implementation of the material is limited due to its inherent brittleness. We show that the addition of 5 wt % castor oil to PLLA significantly enhances the overall tensile toughness with minimal reductions in the modulus and no plasticization of the PLLA matrix. In addition, we used poly(ricinoleic acid)-PLLA diblock copolymers, synthesized entirely from renewable resources, as compatibilizers for the PLLA/castor oil blends. Ricinoleic acid, the majority fatty acid comprising castor oil, was polymerized through a lipase-catalyzed condensation reaction. The resulting polymers contained a hydroxyl end-group that was subsequently used to initiate the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide. The binary PLLA/castor oil blend exhibited a tensile toughness seven times greater than neat PLLA. The addition of block copolymer allowed for control over the morphology of the blends, and even further improvement in the tensile toughness was realized-an order of magnitude larger than that of neat PLLA.
Inhibition of growth of 3T3 cells by extract of surface membranes. (1978)

The growth of Swiss 3T3 cells can be inhibited by the addition of a plasma membrane enriched fraction from 3T3 cells [Whittenberger, B & Glaser, L. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 2251--2255]. We report conditions for the extraction of the inhibitory components from the membranes with octylglucoside. The solubilized components reversibly inhibit the rate of cell division of 3T3 but not of simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 cells. The inhibitory activity is heat labile and nondialyzable. The inhibition observed with the soluble extract can be reversed by mitogenic factors present in serum.
Immunochemical studies on sialic acid-containing lipopolysaccharides from enterobacterial species (1992)

Lipopolysaccharides with sialic acid as a component were isolated from six bacterial serovars of the family Enterobacteriaceae. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and passive haemagglutination demonstrated that epitopes are localized in the O-specific polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharides. The strains were tested for a serological relationship; the only distinct cross-reactivity recorded was between Escherichia coli serovars O24 and O56. The molecular mimicry phenomenon was found for Citrobacter freundii serovar O37 which shared epitopes with horse as well as human red blood cells.
Severe intrahepatic cholestasis in an elderly patient with primary amyloidosis and colon adenocarcinoma. (2004)

Hepatic involvement in primary amyloidosis (AL type) is not rare but is often clinically silent. However, presentation with jaundice in AL-type amyloidosis is rare, with an incidence of less than 5% reported in the literature. It is considered to be a preterminal sign. We herein report on a case of primary hepatic amyloidosis presenting with severe intrahepatic cholestasis. Viral, drug, alcohol, and autoimmune etiologies were all excluded. A liver biopsy was performed because of unexplained cholestatic jaundice for 3 months. The pathology showed hepatic amyloidosis with extensive amyloid deposition in the expanded portal tracts and sinusoidal space. The patient received supportive treatment only, because of persistent jaundice, coexistent colon cancer with para-aortic lymph node metastasis, and possibly peritoneal carcinomatosis. Unfortunately, the patient died of sepsis 10 months after the onset of jaundice. We suggest that hepatic amyloidosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained cholestatic jaundice.
Vaccination with FimA from <i>Streptococcus parasanguis</i> Protects Rats from Endocarditis Caused by Other Viridans Streptococci (2002)

The FimA protein of Streptococcus parasanguis is a virulence factor in the rat model of endocarditis, and immunization with FimA protects rats against homologous bacterial challenge. Because FimA-like proteins are widespread among the oral streptococci, the leading cause of native valve endocarditis, we evaluated the ability of this vaccinogen to protect rats when challenged by other streptococcal species. Here we report that FimA vaccination produced antibodies that cross-reacted with and protected against challenge by the oral streptococci S. mitis, S. mutans, and S. salivarius. FimA thus has promise as a vaccinogen to control infective endocarditis caused by oral streptococci.
Measurement of the blood‐brain barrier permeability and leakage space using dynamic MR imaging. 1. Fundamental concepts (1991)

Leakage of Gd-DTPA through a defective blood-brain barrier is measured quantitatively using dynamic MRI scanning, in which repeated scans are made after a bolus injection. Image registration artifacts are minimized; a dose of 0.1 mM/kg and an IR sequence enable enhancement to be measured quantitatively. The triexponential enhancement curve is fitted to a theoretical model based on compartmental analysis. The transfer constant, or permeability surface area product per unit volume of tissue (k), and leakage space per unit volume of tissue (v1) are measured. Estimates for a quickly enhancing multiple sclerosis lesion are k = 0.050 min-1, v1 = 21%; for a slow one k = 0.013 min-1, v1 = 49%. This implies permeability in the range 4-17 x 10(-6) cm s-1, in broad agreement with other physiological methods. The method is noninvasive and can be used to make serial measurements in patients and in experimental animal models. The time course of pathological aspects of diseases with blood-brain barrier breakdown, such as multiple sclerosis, tumors, and infections (e.g., HIV) can be studied, along with their response to therapy. The measurements are of physiological variables and are therefore independent of imaging equipment and field.
Field-Excited Electron Emission from Ferroelectric Ceramic in Vacuum (1992)

Electron emission into vacuum has been observed by applying pulse voltage to a thin plate of PZT ferroelectric ceramic. This electron emission has been obtained even in low vacuum of less than 10 -1 Torr. The lowest pulse voltage for this emission is 75 V, and the largest emission current in a sample having a 7×0.3 mm 2 electrode is 30 mA. The electrons are considered to be emitted from the surface of the ferroelectric plate near the electrode by very high field induced by polarization reversal. This electron emission can be applied as the electron emitter in vacuum electronic devices such as micro-triodes and flat panel displays.
Human Pupillary Dilation Response to Deviant Auditory Stimuli: Effects of Stimulus Properties and Voluntary Attention (2016)

A unique sound that deviates from a repetitive background sound induces signature neural responses, such as mismatch negativity and novelty P3 response in electro-encephalography studies. Here we show that a deviant auditory stimulus induces a human pupillary dilation response (PDR) that is sensitive to the stimulus properties and irrespective whether attention is directed to the sounds or not. In an auditory oddball sequence, we used white noise and 2000-Hz tones as oddballs against repeated 1000-Hz tones. Participants' pupillary responses were recorded while they listened to the auditory oddball sequence. In Experiment 1, they were not involved in any task. Results show that pupils dilated to the noise oddballs for approximately 4 s, but no such PDR was found for the 2000-Hz tone oddballs. In Experiments 2, two types of visual oddballs were presented synchronously with the auditory oddballs. Participants discriminated the auditory or visual oddballs while trying to ignore stimuli from the other modality. The purpose of this manipulation was to direct attention to or away from the auditory sequence. In Experiment 3, the visual oddballs and the auditory oddballs were always presented asynchronously to prevent residuals of attention on to-be-ignored oddballs due to the concurrence with the attended oddballs. Results show that pupils dilated to both the noise and 2000-Hz tone oddballs in all conditions. Most importantly, PDRs to noise were larger than those to the 2000-Hz tone oddballs regardless of the attention condition in both experiments. The overall results suggest that the stimulus-dependent factor of the PDR appears to be independent of attention.
Aluminum Accumulation during Treatment with Aluminum Hydroxide and Dialysis in Children and Young Adults with Chronic Renal Disease (1991)

Aluminum hydroxide is less effective than calcium carbonate as a phosphate-binding agent for the control of hyperphosphatemia and is associated with aluminum retention in children and young adults with chronic renal failure who are receiving dialysis therapy.
Protection against the synaptic targeting and toxicity of Alzheimer's‐associated Aβ oligomers by insulin mimetic chiro‐inositols (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive dementia that correlates highly with synapse loss. This loss appears due to the synaptic accumulation of toxic Aβ oligomers (ADDLs), which damages synapse structure and function. Although it has been reported that oligomer binding and toxicity can be prevented by stimulation of neuronal insulin signaling with PPARγ agonists, these agonists have problematic side effects. We therefore investigated the therapeutic potential of chiro-inositols, insulin-sensitizing compounds safe for human consumption. Chiro-inositols have been studied extensively for treatment of diseases associated with peripheral insulin resistance, but their insulin mimetic function in memory-relevant central nervous system (CNS) cells is unknown. Here we demonstrate that mature cultures of hippocampal neurons respond to d-chiro-inositol (DCI), pinitol (3-O-methyl DCI), and the inositol glycan INS-2 (pinitol β-1-4 galactosamine) with increased phosphorylation in key upstream components in the insulin-signaling pathway (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, and Akt). Consistent with insulin stimulation, DCI treatment promotes rapid withdrawal of dendritic insulin receptors. With respect to neuroprotection, DCI greatly enhances the ability of insulin to prevent ADDL-induced synapse damage (EC(50) of 90 nM). The mechanism comprises inhibition of oligomer binding at synapses and requires insulin/IGF signaling. DCI showed no effects on Aβ oligomerization. We propose that inositol glycans and DCI, a compound already established as safe for human consumption, have potential as AD therapeutics by protecting CNS synapses against Aβ oligomers through their insulin mimetic activity.
The prevalence of pain in four cancers (1987)

Although pain is widely recognized as a major problem in cancer patients, most studies have concentrated on pain among those with advanced or terminal cancer in specialized treatment settings. The study reported here gives a more complete picture of the problem of pain among cancer patients by providing data generalizable to those in early as well as late stages of the disease, and receiving care in the community as well as specialized treatment centers. Having included measures of several distinct features of pain, this study also provides a more complete understanding of the cancer patient's day-to-day pain problem than earlier investigations. The findings presented here indicate that serious pain may occur in all cancer stages, and often represents an ongoing medical problem. The data suggest that many patients may benefit from earlier and more aggressive use of available antipain treatment methods.
Interactions of calcium and other metal ions with caldolysin, the thermostable proteinase from <i>Thermus aquaticus</i> strain T351 (1984)

Caldolysin, the extracellular proteinase from the extreme thermophile Thermus aquaticus strain T351, is stabilized by Ca2+. A variety of metal ions were able to substitute for Ca2+. Most were unable to confer as much stability as Ca2+, with the exception of the lanthanide ions, which increased the half-life at 95 degrees C from 1 h to more than 4 h. Results from a variety of separation methods indicated that caldolysin binds 6 Ca2+ ions/molecule of enzyme. The presence of non-linear Ca2+ titration plots, and the removal of 4 Ca2+ ions/molecule by treatment with a cationic ion-exchange gel suggested that caldolysin possesses at least two different types of Ca2+-binding sites, with different affinities. Average binding constants of the two types of binding sites were 2.8 X 10(4)M-1 (for the low-affinity sites) and 7.5 X 10(5) M-1 (for the high-affinity sites). The total Ca2+-binding free energy for caldolysin was shown to be greater than for either thermolysin or Bacillus subtilis neutral proteinase. It appears that the higher thermostability of caldolysin is due to the presence of 6 Ca2+ ions rather than 4 Ca2+ ions/molecule.
Migration of Terminal Double Bond in the Course of Huang-Minlon Reduction (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMigration of Terminal Double Bond in the Course of Huang-Minlon ReductionKeiiti Sisido and Mituyosi KawanisiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 10, 3722–3724Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01057a531https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01057a531research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three Dimensional Module Packing by Simulated Annealing (2005)

A three-dimensional chip design strategy is of increasing significance in association with miniaturization of VLSI circuits. In the design of 3D VLSI and 3D MCM, the placement which is to locate given 3D objects without overlapping each other in the 3D space, becomes an important issue. The 3D placement under the nonoverlapping constraint is called the 3D packing in which minimizing the volume of the package is required. This paper introduces a new coding system to encode the topology of 3D packing as an extension of BSG (bounded-sliceline grid) for 2D packing. The novel coding system is referred to as three dimensional bounded-sliceplane grid (3DBSG). The topology is a set of relative relations assigned to pairs of 3D modules in such a way that one module shall be either "right-of", "rear-of' or "above" the other. Furthermore, we propose an idea to handle L-shaped 3D modules on the 3DBSG. The simulation results in which a standard simulated annealing is utilized as an optimization algorithm, are demonstrated in order to test the validity of our 3D packing method based on the 3DBSG.