gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processed Infant Cereals as Vehicles of Functional Components (2007)

Cereals are the most common complementary foods all over the world and there is now a novel possibility to add functional components to target health problems that are not caused by a simple nutritional deficiency. So far there have been very few published trials on the addition of functional components to infant cereals. A single trial has suggested that infant cereals containing a combination of probiotics, prebiotics and zinc are an effective adjunct to oral rehydration solution in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis. Up to now there has been no evidence that infant cereals supplemented with probiotics or prebiotics have a preventive effect on diarrhea but a recent study has suggested that a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein fraction added to an infant cereal reduces the risk of diarrhea in a developing country. There are some promising results suggesting that infant cereals supplemented with probiotics or prebiotics may prevent atopic eczema. The addition of prebiotic oligosaccharides to infant cereals may lead to softer stools, likely to benefit those infants who are suffering from constipation. More studies are needed to verify these results and to assess the effects of other functional components - especially probiotics, prebiotics, nucleotides, novel protein fractions and recombinant human milk proteins - added to infant cereals.
Acute Cerebral Infarction: Quantification of Spin-Density and T2 Shine-through Phenomena on Diffusion-weighted MR Images (1999)

The increased SI of subacute cerebral infarction on DW images reflects not only a shortening of ADC but a prolongation of T2 and spin-density values.
Unique Behavior of Nitroxide Biradicals in the Controlled Radical Polymerization of Styrene (2002)

The use of various binitroxides, with both radical sites of similar reactivity, as mediator in the controlled radical polymerization of styrene was examined and the rate constants of the reactions involved were determined at 130 °C. Typical features of a controlled radical polymerization were observed in the early stage of the polymerization, leading to the formation of two-arm macromolecules containing the binitroxide at the core. At higher conversion, however, continuous decomposition reaction resulted in a break of the two-arm macromolecules into a dead chain having an unsaturation end group and a living chain capped by a modified binitroxide. The latter had the free nitroxide site inactivated by conversion into hydroxylamine. The extent of this side reaction was much larger than in classical nitroxide-mediated controlled radical polymerization of styrene. This feature was assigned to the structure of the growing chains. As they contain the binitroxide at the core, the activation reaction produces a propagating chain and a nitroxide to which another polymeric chain remains attached by the second alkoxyamine bond. Thus, deactivation of the propagating radical by nitroxide is a bimolecular process between two macromolecular species. This unique situation had no significant effect on the rate constant of the alkoxyamine homolytic dissociation, but more importantly decreased the rate constant of recombination. The latter was 30 times lower than that determined for the recombination of TEMPO with polystyryl radical at 130 °C. The slow recombination was assigned to steric hindrance and resulted in an unusually high concentration of nitroxide in the polymerization medium, together with a large concentration of propagating radicals. A consequence of the high concentration of both radicals was the enhanced rate of hydrogen transfer from the active species to the persistent radical, leading to alkoxyamine bond breaking and, hence, to arm separation.
About Adoption (1967)

Most people concerned with and working in relation to child care probably have appreciated the overtones in Winnicott's imprecise and slightly slangy nomination of “the good enough mother”, who is basic to the healthy growth of her children. The good enough mother is most mothers, he suggests, a mother who is an interested parent, ready and mostly unselfconscious in her adaptation to her child's needs, and one who loves him in his growth away from as well as in his dependence upon her. It is a contemporary phrase of generous dimensions; most folk come within its terms. Most of us are “good enough” in most of our undertakings, and, in so far as we fail, we fail by the particular blend of human stuff within us and the particular external circumstances to hand, and as a rule we do not even then fail all the way or all the time. In the undertaking of rearing a family, parents who biologically produce their own children and parents who adopt their children succeed much in the same measure. Winnicott's phrase is one that indicates an acceptance of the limits inevitable to any achievements we aspire to. It is a description that can remove the thorn from many a harassed or attempted self-evaluation, and it certainly can remind all who may be trying to evaluate maternal practices that the boundaries of “goodness” are wide and that they enclose as much variableness as human nature itself.
Dual-channel bipolar electrode focusing: simultaneous separation and enrichment of both anions and cations (2012)

In this paper we show that a microelectrochemical cell comprising two parallel microchannels spanned by a single bipolar electrode can be used to simultaneously enrich and separate both anions and cations within a single microchannel. This is possible because reduction and oxidation of water at the cathodic and anodic poles of the bipolar electrode, respectively, lead to ion depletion zones. Specifically, TrisH(+) is neutralized by OH(-) at the cathodic pole, while acetate buffer is neutralized by H(+) at the anodic pole. This action creates a local electric field gradient having both positive and negative components, and hence positive and negative ions follow their respective field gradients leading to separation. In the presence of an opposing counter-flow (pressure driven flow in this case), enrichment also occurs. In addition to separation and enrichment in a single channel, it is also possible to simultaneously enrich cations in one microchannel and anions in the other. Enrichment is achieved by controlling experimental parameters, including the type of buffer and the direction and magnitude of the opposing counter-flow.
Learning pairwise feature dissimilarities for person re-identification (2013)

This paper deals with person re-identification in a multi-camera scenario with non-overlapping fields of view. Signature based matching has been the dominant choice for state-of-the-art person re-identification across multiple non-overlapping cameras. In contrast we propose a novel approach that exploits pairwise dissimilarities between feature vectors to perform the re-identification in a supervised learning framework. To achieve the proposed objective we address the person re-identification problem as follows: i) we extract multiple features from two persons images and compare them using standard distance metrics. This gives rise to what we called distance feature vector; ii) we learn the set of positive and negative distance feature vectors and perform the re-identification by classifying the test distance feature vectors. We evaluate our approach on two publicly available benchmark datasets and we compare it with state-of-the-art methods for person re-identification.
Progress report on controlled trial of fecal occult blood testing for the detection of colorectal neoplasia (1980)

Our controlled trial of screening for colorectal cancer has now been in progress for almost five years. Screening is accomplished by rigid sigmoidoscopy in control and study groups and, in addition, by fecal occult blood testing in the study group. Patients screened are men and women age 40 and older, mostly at average risk. Fecal occult blood testing is with Hemoccult slides with patients on a meat-free, high-bulk diet without hydration, and with a four-day storage interval between slide preparation and testing. Patients with positive slides undergo diagnostic investigation that includes both colonoscopy and double-contrast barium enema and, in some, an upper gastrointestinal series. Preliminary results to date include: patient baseline statistics and subgroup comparability, rate of positive slides of 1-4%, predictive value for neoplasia of 44-50%, false-positives of 0.5-2.1%, favorable Dukes' staging of cancers in the study group, and high patient compliance. Considerably more follow-up is need in our study and control population, and issues such as mortality and cost need to be addressed. Additional time will be necessary to provide firm conclusions.
Antioxidant Activity of Chinese Medicinal Herbs (2008)

Sequential extraction with petroleum ether, chloroform-ethyl acetate, methanol, and water was carried out on 40 commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs. The antioxidant power of different fraction extracts was measured with both the DPPH assay and the FRAP assay. Ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene were used as two reference antioxidants. The total phenolic content of the extracts was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The fraction extracts showed different antioxidant activity in the two assays; however, there was a significant positive correlation between the DPPH assay and the FRAP assay. Methanol fraction extracts generally demonstrated stronger antioxidant power and higher total phenolic content than did the others. The results suggest that Radix Sanguisorbae, Cortex cinnamomi, Herba taxilli, Semen arecae, and L., Cinnamomum cassia Presl., Taxillus sutchuenensis (Lecomte) Danser, Areca catechu Linn. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi contain relatively high values in antioxidant power and/or high total phenolic content. This study is the first comprehensive antioxidant activity evaluation among Chinese medicinal herbs. It demonstrates that most Chinese medicinal herbs are also useful in preventing various degenerative diseases.
Role of IKK1 and IKK2 in Lipopolysaccharide Signaling in Human Monocytic Cells (1998)

Mononuclear phagocytes play a major role in immune and inflammatory responses. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces monocytes to express a variety of genes by activating the NF-kappaB/Rel transcription factor family. Recently, we have reported that the tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 signaling pathways activate two kinases, IKK1 and IKK2. Phosphorylation of the IkappaB cytoplasmic inhibitors, IkappaBalpha, IkappaBbeta, and IkappaBepsilon, by these kinases triggers proteolytic degradation and the release of NF-kappaB/Rel proteins into the nucleus. At present, the role of the IKKs in LPS signaling has not been investigated. Here, we report that LPS induces IKK activity in human monocytes and THP-1 monocytic cells. The kinetics of activation of kinase activity in monocytic cells are relatively slow with maximal activity observed at 60 min, which coincides with the degradation of IkappaBs and the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. In transfection experiments, overexpression of wild type IKK1, a dominant negative mutant IKK1 (K44M), or wild type IKK2 did not affect LPS-induced kappaB-dependent transcription in monocytic cells. In contrast, a dominant negative mutant of IKK2 inhibited LPS induction of kappaB-dependent transcription in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that LPS induction of kappaB-dependent gene expression in human monocytic cells requires activation of IKK2.
Studies on the Alkaloids of Menispermaceous Plants. CCVI (1964)

Cyclanoline (I) was isolated as the quaternary base of Formosan Stephania japonica MIERS (Japanese name “Hasunoha-Kazura”).
Re‐evaluation of melanin bleaching using warm diluted hydrogen peroxide for histopathological analysis (2011)

Excessive amounts of melanin pigments may hamper histopathological assessments of melanocytic lesions by obscuring cellular morphology and hindering antibody-antigen interactions. To determine the optimal melanin-bleaching conditions for histopathological examination, heavily pigmented melanomas were treated with warm hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) diluted with various diluents (1% disodium hydrogen phosphate 12H2O (Na2 HPO4); phosphate buffer 0.05 M, pH 7.4 (PB); and PBS 0.05 M, pH 7.4) at varying temperatures (50°C, 55°C, and 60°C) and for varying incubation times (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 h). The effect of the sequential order of antigen retrieval and bleaching on preserving tissue morphology was then evaluated. Additionally, the effect of melanin bleaching using warm diluted H2O2 on the antigenicity of melanoma-related markers (HMB-45, MART-1, and S-100) and other markers used for histopathology was examined in amelanotic melanomas and tonsil tissue. Optimal and complete bleaching was achieved using warm 3% H2O2 in PB treatment at 55°C for 2 h following antigen retrieval with microwaving or digestion with trypsin. Under these conditions, the tissue morphology and antigenicity of various immunohistochemical markers were also well preserved. Bleaching with warm 3% H2O2 PB is a fast and efficient method of bleaching melanin pigments and performing immunohistochemical examination in heavily melanin-pigmented lesions.
Synthesis of <i>N,N</i>-Diethylbenzamides via a Nonclassical Mitsunobu Reaction (2013)

The use of the Mitsunobu reaction for the synthesis of N,N-diethylbenzamides affords ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted benzamides, containing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. While the preparation of numerous functional groups has been efficiently demonstrated employing the Mitsunobu reaction, our methodology represents the first application of the Mitsunobu reaction for the construction of benzamides using benzoic acid and amine starting materials. Moreover, this synthetic transformation is believed to proceed via a non-classical mechanism involving the existence of an acyloxyphosphonium ion.
Variation in CDKAL1 Gene Is Associated With Therapeutic Response to Sulphonylureas (2012)

The aim of the present pilot pharmacogenetic study was to analyse quantitative effects of sulphonylurea treatment in addition to metformin on parameters of glycemic control with respect to CDKAL1 genotypes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Effect of 6-month sulphonylurea therapy on glycemic control according to CDKAL1 genotypes was evaluated in 101 patients with type 2 diabetes who failed to achieve glycemic control on metformin monotherapy. CDKAL1 rs7756992 polymorphism was determined by melting curve analysis of small amplicon following real-time PCR. After sulphonylurea treatment fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were significantly different (p=0.045) among three CDKAL1 genotype groups (AA: n=49; AG: n=36; GG: n=16). In a dominant genetic model, carriers of the G-allele (AG+GG, n=52) achieved significantly lower FPG levels in comparison with patients with the AA genotype (6.90±1.08 vs. 7.48±1.12 mmol/l, p=0.013). Consequently, adjusted ΔFPG was significantly higher in the AG+GG compared to the AA group (1.48±1.51 vs. 1.02±1.33 mmol/l, p=0.022). Similar trend was observed for HbA(1c) levels, but the difference between the genotype groups did not reach the level of statistical significance. Relatively small number of included patients is a limitation of the present study. In conclusion, our results suggest that the magnitude of FPG reduction after 6-month sulphonylurea treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes is related to the variation in CDKAL1.
Redox Regulation of Stress Signals: Possible Roles of Dendritic Stellate TRX Producer Cells (DST Cell Types) (2002)

Thioredoxin (TRX) is a 12 kDa protein with redox-active dithiol (Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys) in the active site. TRX is induced by a variety of stresses including viral infection and inflammation. The promoter sequences of the TRX gene contain a series of stress-responsive elements including ORE, ARE, XRE, CRE and SP-1. TRX promotes DNA binding of transcription factors such as NF-kappaB, AP-1 and p53. TRX interacts with target proteins modulating the activity of those proteins. We have identified TRX binding protein-2 (TBP-2), which was identical to vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1 (VDUP1). Potential action of TBP-2/VDUP1 as a redox-sensitive tumor suppressor will be discussed. There is accumulating evidence for the involvement of TRX in the protection against infectious and inflammatory disorders. We will discuss the role of TRX-dependent redox regulation of the host defense mechanism, in particular its relation to the emerging concept of constitutive and/or inducible TRX on special cell types with dendritic and stellate morphology in the immune, endocrine and nervous systems, which we provisionally designate as dendritic stellate TRX producer cells (DST cell types).
Definitions and Hydrostatics (1974)

From the viewpoint of a man living on the surface of the earth, the world appears to be a ball of rock covered with an envelope of air, with water forming the oceans. This superficial view might lead him to believe that, similarly, the universe consists of solid bodies. But this is of course not so. The earth has a solid crust but its core probably consists of molten iron, while the stars are balls of very hot plasma and the galaxies appear to rotate as vortices. Where galaxies collide the pattern of star streams observed closely resembles turbulent fluid flow. Solid bodies are found only on the surface of planets, in asteroids and in the small-scale debris of planetary space.
Observer-Based Monitors for Electromechanical Dynamics in Power Networks1 (2014)

Abstract- In this paper we demonstrate how dynamic ob-servers can be used to monitor system-wide electromechan-ical (or “swing”) dynamics in power systems. We illus-trate how to design these observer-based monitors, which can dynamically estimate the state of the system or detect and identify specific occurrences of faults in the system, in the presence of disturbances and uncertainty. We demon-strate our monitor design approach on a small 3-bus and an intermediate-sized 179-bus power system model.
Enhanced Expression of EHMT2 Is Involved in the Proliferation of Cancer Cells through Negative Regulation of SIAH1 (2011)

EHMT2 is a histone lysine methyltransferase localized in euchromatin regions and acting as a corepressor for specific transcription factors. Although the role of EHMT2 in transcriptional regulation has been well documented, the pathologic consequences of its dysfunction in human disease have not been well understood. Here, we describe important roles of EHMT2 in human carcinogenesis. Expression levels of EHMT2 are significantly elevated in human bladder carcinomas compared with nonneoplastic bladder tissues (P < .0001) in real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Complementary DNA microarray analysis also revealed its overexpression in various types of cancer. The reduction of EHMT2 expression by small interfering RNAs resulted in the suppression of the growth of cancer cells and possibly caused apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. Importantly, we show that EHMT2 can suppress transcription of the SIAH1 gene by binding to its promoter region (-293 to +51) and by methylating lysine 9 of histone H3. Furthermore, an EHMT2-specific inhibitor, BIX-01294, significantly suppressed the growth of cancer cells. Our results suggest that dysregulation of EHMT2 plays an important role in the growth regulation of cancer cells, and further functional studies may affirm the importance of EHMT2 as a promising therapeutic target for various types of cancer.
An approach to computer-aided specification (1990)

A knowledge-based approach to computer-aided specification (CAS), covering the acquisition, checking, and processing of functional, electrical, timing, environmental, and test-oriented specification data using object-oriented data representation and rule-based consistency checking, is proposed. The approach, which covers specification data for digital, analog, optoelectronic, actuator, and sensor components, is part of the DEBYS (design by specification) system, an integrated environment for the specification, design, verification, test, and design management of microcomponents. A brief description of DEBYS is followed by a detailed discussion of its CAS part.
THE PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SEVERAL FORMS OF HOG RENIN SUBSTRATE (1963)

Hog renin substrate has been separated into three major (A, B, and C) and two minor forms (D and E) by DEAE cellulose chromatography. Two of the major forms (B and C) have been further fractionated into two additional types (1 and 2) by countercurrent distribution. The purification of substrates A, C(1), and C(2) has been completed. Analysis shows that all three are glycoproteins with molecular weights of about 57,000, and have similar amino acid compositions. Differences exist in the sialic acid, glucosamine, and neutral hexose content, which may account for different physical properties. All the forms of the substrates are attacked by renin at similar rates, and appear to yield the same angiotensin I.
Aerodynanic characteristics of a semibuoyant station in the shape ofa torus (1993)

J n the previous meeting, the present authors pro!)os4 :i new design concept for Lighter-Than-Air stations for observation and communication missions. I t is a semibuoyant station in the shape of a torus and some part of the lift force is provided by u thruster located in its central holr!. The main concerns in this time are the aerodynamic characteristics of the shape. Numerical calculations were carried out for a conceptual prototype model of U r n in diameter in a uniform flow Urn =lOm/s. The turbulent flow field around the present model was solved and the flow patterns and pressure distributions around the hull were obt.ained. The calculated results showed that the aerodynamic characteristics can he controlled well by auxiliary thrusters or by some flow direction changers so that the proposed semibuoyant station seems to be realistic.
Two Apparatus for the Determination of Gases in Metals (1958)

The vacuum fusion method for the determination of gases in metals has found wide acceptance since its introduction, in this country, by Jordan and Eckman (4) in 1925. Also in specialized cases, gases are extracted at temperatures below the melting point. Every new area for use of these methods brings new problems of its own. The procedure is very simple in principle. The metal specimens are outgassed by melting—or, at a temperature below melting, by heating or electron bombardment—and the gases are then analyzed. Hydrogen may be passed through a hot palladium filter into a calibrated volume, or after oxidation to water vapor, may be absorbed by a solid absorbent or frozen out in a cold trap; following this, carbon dioxide may be removed by Ascarite or by freezing-out with liquid nitrogen. This is all done within the vacuum system. Alternatively, the collected gases may be transferred to a mass spectrometer and analyzed by that procedure; or they may be removed to a micro gas analyzer.
Plasma deposition of SiO2 gate insulators for <i>a</i>-Si thin-film transistors (1988)

The principles governing the plasma deposition of SiO2 films for use as gate insulators in a-Si thin-film transistors (TFT’s) are discussed. A deposition arrangement is described which favors the reaction at the substrate over that in the discharge volume. It is shown that the variables leading to large values of the breakdown field Ebk and to greatest stability of the flat band voltage Vfb are the substrate temperature Ts, the gas flow ratio N2O/SiH4, and the ratio of the discharge half-period to the transit time of the ions between the electrodes. a-Si/SiO2 TFT’s operated in the dc mode and in a mode simulating LC display operation show much less shift of the threshold voltage Vth than do a-Si/Si3N4 TFT’s for equivalent gate fields.