gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BCG Immunotherapy for Superficial Bladder Cancer (2001)

Mr Lockyer and Mr Gillatt (March 2001 JRSM, pp. 119-123) refer to the importance of fibronectin in promoting adhesion of BCG to bladder tumour cells. The basic mechanism is likely to be the same for all types of BCG, since all are ultimately derived from the original developed at the Pasteur Institute. According to some reports, response rates are adversely affected by medications that interfere with clotting1.

I am surprised that Lockyer and Gillatt ask their patients to retain intravesically administered BCG for only one hour. The manufacturers of Tice BCG (widely used in the UK as a 12.5 mg preparation) recommend two hours. Whilst some patients with irritative lower urinary tract symptoms will be unable to retain the preparation for so long, clinicians should bear in mind that the immunotherapeutic response depends at least partly on the time available for BCG to adhere to the bladder mucosa.
Biocatalytic “green” synthesis of PEG-based aromatic polyesters: optimization of the substrate and reaction conditions (2004)

The condensation copolymerization of a variety of linker molecules with polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of varying molecular weights, catalyzed by lipases under solvent-less conditions is reported. Previously, we reported the lipase-catalyzed condensation polymerization of dimethyl 5-hydroxyisophthalate with polyethylene glycol. Herein we have used a number of linker molecules with hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic acid, alkoxy, amido and alkoxycarbonyl moieties. Also, studies were conducted on the effects of the reaction parameters on the polymerization reactions. The hydrophilic segment was also varied, i.e. polyethylene glycols with molecular weights 300, 600, 900 and 1500 have been used for copolymerization with dimethyl 5-hydroxyisophthalate. The molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol affected the polymer yield and molecular weight. In principle, the method developed is flexible so that it can be used to generate a wide array of functionalized amphiphilic copolymers. In the absence of biocatalytic transformation, such structural control is extremely difficult or currently impossible to obtain.
High speed laser drilling of metals using a high repetition rate, high average power ultrafast fiber CPA system (2008)

We present an experimental study on the drilling of metal targets with ultrashort laser pulses at high repetition rates (from 50 kHz up to 975 kHz) and high average powers (up to 68 Watts), using an ytterbium-doped fiber CPA system. The number of pulses to drill through steel and copper sheets with thicknesses up to 1 mm have been measured as a function of the repetition rate and the pulse energy. Two distinctive effects, influencing the drilling efficiency at high repetition rates, have been experimentally found and studied: particle shielding and heat accumulation. While the shielding of subsequent pulses due to the ejected particles leads to a reduced ablation efficiency, this effect is counteracted by heat accumulation. The experimental data are in good qualitative agreement with simulations of the heat accumulation effect and previous studies on the particle emission. However, for materials with a high thermal conductivity as copper, both effects are negligible for the investigated processing parameters. Therefore, the full power of the fiber CPA system can be exploited, which allows to trepan high-quality holes in 0.5mm-thick copper samples with breakthrough times as low as 75 ms.
The Cowkeeper Dynasty of the Seminole Nation (1951)

It is generally agreed that the sons - or possibly nephews, at any rate the immediate successors - of the Alachua chief, who it was suggested in a previous article was Cowkeeper rather than Secoffee, - that these sons were Payne and Bowlegs. Sprague is probably correct when he writes of the former, “Payne was of a different character from his father and not to be led astray and blinded by absurd revelations and traditions. Though a bold and intrepid warrior, he cared more for the happiness of his people than the indulgence of vicious passions, or the influences of superstitious feelings. By his example and counsels, he secured the confidence of the Spanish government, and died at an advanced age, honored and respected.“ 1 Sprague does not seem to have been familiar with the exact circumstances of the chief’s death, which was on the field of battle, at the hands of invaders from Georgia.
Applying Database Technology in the ADSM Mass Storage System (1995)

Abstmct- Our success in deploying the illusion of infinite stomge to applications rests in the use of database tebhnology. Tht3 paper presents the support for transactions in the ADSTAR Dhtributed Stomge Manager, (A DSiU) system. For a user, ADSM offers a backup and archive service in a heterogeneous cliint-server environment. It also operates as a file migratton mposito ~ in some Unix environments. As a stomge manager, the ADSM server is a Mass Stomge System (MSS) that administers stomge hiemrchies of arbitrary depth in which all activities are done on behatf of transactions. Its systems goals include to epemte in many computing phz#omts, to pmvidG
Ring-deleted analogs of atrial natriuretic factor inhibit adenylate cyclase/cAMP system. Possible coupling of clearance atrial natriuretic factor receptors to adenylate cyclase/cAMP signal transduction system. (1990)

We have recently shown that atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) inhibits adenylate cyclase activity in rat platelets where only one population of ANF receptors (ANF-R2) is present, indicating that ANF-R2 receptors may be coupled to the adenylate cyclase/cAMP system. In the present studies, we have used ring-deleted peptides which have been reported to interact with ANF-R2 receptors also called clearance receptors (C-ANF) without affecting the guanylate cyclase/cGMP system, to examine if these peptides can also inhibit the adenylate cyclase/cAMP system. Ring-deleted analog C-ANF4-23 like ANF99-126 inhibited the adenylate cyclase activity in a concentration-dependent manner in rat aorta, brain striatum, anterior pituitary, and adrenal cortical membranes. The maximal inhibition was about 50-60% with an apparent Ki between 0.1 and 1 nM. In addition, C-ANF4-23 also decreased the cAMP levels in vascular smooth muscle cells in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting the cGMP levels. The maximal decrease observed was about 60% with an apparent Ki of about 1 nM. Furthermore, C-ANF4-23 was also able to inhibit cAMP levels and progesterone secretion stimulated by luteinizing hormone in MA-10 cell line. Other smaller fragments of ANF with ring deletions were also able to inhibit the adenylate cyclase activity as well as cAMP levels. Furthermore, the stimulatory effects of various agonists such as 5'-(N-ethyl)carboxamidoadenosine, dopamine, and forskolin on adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP levels were also significantly inhibited by C-ANF4-23. The inhibitory effect of C-ANF4-23 on adenylate cyclase was dependent on the presence of GTP and was attenuated by pertussis toxin treatment. These results indicate that ANF-R2 receptors or so-called C-ANF receptors are coupled to the adenylate cyclase/cAMP signal transduction system through inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein.
Synthesis of Short-/Medium-Chain-Length Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Blends by Mixed Culture Fermentation of Glycerol (2005)

Glycerol was used as a substrate in the bio-production of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) in an effort to establish an alternative outlet for glycerol and produce value-added products. Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-14682 and Pseudomonas corrugata 388 grew and synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) and medium-chain-length PHA (mcl-PHA) consisting primarily of 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C(10:0); 44 +/- 2 mol %) and 3-hydroxydodecenoic acid (C(12:1); 31 +/- 2 mol %), respectively, from glycerol at concentrations up to 5% (v/v). Cellular productivity maximized at 40% for P. oleovorans in 5% (v/v) glycerol and 20% for P. corrugata in 2% (v/v) glycerol after 72 h. Increasing the glycerol media concentration from 1% to 5% (v/v) caused a 61% and 72% reduction in the molar mass (M(n)) of the P3HB and mcl-PHA polymers, respectively. Proton-NMR analysis of the glycerol-derived P3HB revealed that the M(n) decrease was the result of esterification of glycerol onto the polymer in a chain terminating position. However, no evidence of glycerol-based chain termination was present in the mcl-PHA. The growth patterns of P. oleovorans and P. corrugata on glycerol permitted their use as mixed cultures to produce natural blends of P3HB and mcl-PHA. By incorporating a staggered inoculation pattern and varying the duration of the fermentations, P3HB/mcl-PHA ratios were achieved that varied from 34:66 to 96:4.
Fabrication and vibration characterization of curcumin extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes of the northern Vietnam (2016)

In this report, we present the research results on using the conventional method and microwave technology to extract curcuminoid from turmeric roots originated in different regions of Northern Vietnam. This method is simple, yet economical, non-toxic and still able to achieve high extraction performance to get curcuminoid from turmeric roots. The detailed results on the Raman vibration spectra combined with X-ray powder diffraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry allowed the evaluation of each batch of curcumin crystalline powder sample received, under the conditions of applied fabrication technology. Also, the absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies of the samples are presented in the paper. The information to be presented in this paper: absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies of the samples; new experimental study results on applied technology to mass-produce curcumin from turmeric rhizomes; comparative study results between fabricated samples and marketing curcumin products-to state the complexity of co-existing crystalline phase in curcumin powder samples. We noticed that, it is possible to use the vibration line at ~959 cm(-1)-characteristic of the ν C=O vibration, and the ~1625 cm(-1) line-characteristic of the ν C=O and ν C=C vibration in curcumin molecules, for preliminary quality assessment of naturally originated curcumin crystalline powder samples. Data on these new optical spectra will contribute to the bringing of detailed information on natural curcumin in Vietnam, serving research purposes and applications of natural curcumin powder and nanocurcumin in Vietnam, as well as being initial materials for the pharmaceutical, cosmetics or functional food industries.
Insulated loop antenna immersed in a conducting medium (1957)

A so lu t io n is given for t he fi elds of a circul a r loop in a co ndu ctin g m edium . Th e loop is ass umed to ha \'e a uniform current, a nd it is enclosed by a spherical insul ati ng cavity. The imped a nce of t h e loop is a lso co nsidered . It is shown t hat t he p ower radi ated fr o m t he loop va ri es approxim ately as the r eciprocal of t he radius of t he cavity for it sp ecifi ed loop curren t. Furthermore, if t h e cav ity is electri call y sm all , r elative to t h e ex terna l m edium, t he radiation fi eld is not sign ifi cantly a ffected by t he presen ce of the cay ity.
Lentivirus-based vectors transduce mouse hematopoietic stem cells with similar efficiency to Moloney murine leukemia virus–based vectors (2000)

The low levels of transduction of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) vectors have been an obstacle to gene therapy for hematopoietic diseases. It has been demonstrated that lentivirus vectors are more efficient than MLV vectors at transducing nondividing cell lines as well as human CD34(+) cells and severe combined immunodeficiency disease repopulating cells. We compared transduction of cell lines and Lin(-) bone marrow cells, using a vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G)-pseudotyped lentivirus or MLV vectors carrying a green fluorescent protein marker gene. As predicted, the lentivirus vector was more efficient at transducing mouse and human growth-inhibited cell lines. The transduction of mouse HSC by lentivirus vectors was compared directly to MLV vectors in a co-transduction assay. In this assay, transduction by ecotropic MLV is a positive internal control for downstream steps in retrovirus transduction, including cell division. Both the VSV-G lentivirus and MLV vectors transduced mouse HSCs maintained in cytokine-free medium at very low frequency, as did the ecotropic control. The lentivirus vector and the MLV vector were equally efficient at transducing bone marrow HSCs cultured in interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-6, and stem cell factor for 96 hours. In conclusion, although lentivirus vectors are able to transduce growth-inhibited cell lines, the cell cycle status of HSCs render them resistant to lentivirus-mediated transduction, and it is hypothesized that entry into cycle, not necessarily division, may be a requirement for efficient lentivirus-mediated transduction.
A dynamic evaluation of the precision of static heap abstractions (2010)

The quality of a static analysis of heap-manipulating programs is largely determined by its heap abstraction. Object allocation sites are a commonly-used abstraction, but are too coarse for some clients. The goal of this paper is to investigate how various refinements of allocation sites can improve precision. In particular, we consider abstractions that use call stack, object recency, and heap connectivity information. We measure the precision of these abstractions dynamically for four different clients motivated by concurrency and on nine Java programs chosen from the DaCapo benchmark suite. Our dynamic results shed new light on aspects of heap abstractions that matter for precision, which allows us to more effectively navigate the large space of possible heap abstractions
Gaseous Calibration Standards: Manufacturing, Stability, Traceability and Uncertainty (2017)

Abstract This paper addresses some key analytical issues which affect the accuracy and precision of analytical measurements required by hydrocarbon processors, refineries and petrochemical plants. These issues include the use of appropriate calibration standards for specific applications.
The involvement of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase in ammonia assimilation by the rapidly growing ectomycorrhizal ascomycete, <i>Cenococcum geophilum</i> Fr. (1988)

summary In order to determine significance of the glutamate dehydrogenase pathway and a glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase cycle in NH 4 + assimilation, we followed a number of different metabolikc parameters (nutrient uptake, free amino acid pools, NH 4 + ‐induced glutamine accumulation) and 15 N incorporation into amino acids of rapidly growing Cennoccum geophilum. Arginine was a major free amino acid in C. geophilum during its entire growth period. C. geophilum synthesized and accumulated very large amounts of glutamine at the beginning of the rapid phase of growth in low nitrogen medium, during the whole growth period in high nitrogen medium, and immediately after addition of NH 4 + . Therefore, the accumulation of a large amount of glutamine tool; place when the external ammonium concentration was high. The current data identify four pathways of N metabolism in rapidly growing C. geophilum : (1) glutamine synthesis, invoking transfer of N to both amino and amino moieties; (2) glutamate formation; (3) transamination with pyruvate to yield alanine; (4) transamination with oxaloacetate to yield asparate. The higher accumulation of glutamate and related amino acids (alanine and aspartate) in the presence of the glutamine synthetase inhibitor methionine sulphoximine indicates that glutamate, the precursor of glutamine, was formed by a pathway insensitive to methionine sulphoximine, the glutamate dehydrogenase pathway. Up to 40% of the assimilated 15 N terminated in the amido‐N of glutamine. These data are consistent with a pivotal role for glutamine synthetase activity and indicates that the primary assimilation of NH 4 + in rapidly growing C. geophilum is brought about by concurrent activity of the GDH and GS pathways. The pathway of primary assimilation of NH 4 + by C. geophilunt in the rapid phase of growth therefore differs from those operating in the stationary phase of growth where N flax through GDH is higher than the flux through the GS pathway.
A Robust Binary Supramolecular Organic Framework (SOF) with High CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorption and Selectivity (2014)

A robust binary hydrogen-bonded supramolecular organic framework (SOF-7) has been synthesized by solvothermal reaction of 1,4-bis-(4-(3,5-dicyano-2,6-dipyridyl)dihydropyridyl)benzene (1) and 5,5'-bis-(azanediyl)-oxalyl-diisophthalic acid (2). Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that SOF-7 comprises 2 and 1,4-bis-(4-(3,5-dicyano-2,6-dipyridyl)pyridyl)benzene (3); the latter formed in situ from the oxidative dehydrogenation of 1. SOF-7 shows a three-dimensional four-fold interpenetrated structure with complementary O-H···N hydrogen bonds to form channels that are decorated with cyano and amide groups. SOF-7 exhibits excellent thermal stability and solvent and moisture durability as well as permanent porosity. The activated desolvated material SOF-7a shows high CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity compared with other porous organic materials assembled solely through hydrogen bonding.
Block-based packet buffer with deterministic packet departures (2010)

Routers need to store temporarily a large number of packets in response to congestion. DRAM is typically needed to implement large packet buffers, but DRAM devices have worst-case random access latencies that are too slow to match the bandwidth requirements of high-performance routers. Existing DRAM-based architectures for supporting linespeed queue operations can be classified into three categories: prefetching-based, randomization-based, and reservation-based. They are all based on interleaving memory accesses across multiple parallel DRAM banks for achieving higher memory bandwidths, but they differ in their packet placement and memory operation scheduling mechanisms. In this paper, we present an efficient reservation-based packet buffer architecture based on the concept of blocks. The proposed block-based solution achieves an order of magnitude reduction in the total SRAM size. It is scalable to growing packet storage requirements in routers while matching increasing line rates.
Current theories for the development of nonsmoking and nondrinking laryngeal carcinoma (2003)

The pivotal risk of smoking and alcohol in laryngeal cancer has meant that evidence for alternate cofactors has been indicative to date. A number of case series, however, contain a few patients who are life-long nondrinkers and nonsmokers and question what other cofactors may contribute. Gastroesophageal reflux disease makes a small but significant contribution to the causal development of laryngeal cancer; however, what remains to be understood is the mechanism of its action. Bile reflux appears to be an additional causative factor in achlorhydrics. After controlling for the effects of alcohol and tobacco, exposure to oncogenic types of human papilloma virus is associated with an increased risk of laryngeal carcinoma. Evidence does not support asbestos exposure itself as increasing the relative risk of laryngeal cancer. A dietary increase in vegetables and fruit may confer an advantage in reducing the laryngeal cancer incidence. Inherited differences in cell cycle control systems, DNA repair systems, and carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes can increase the risk for laryngeal cancer, but as yet, no causal mechanism has been demonstrated.
To Nick or Not to Nick: Comparison of I-SceI Single- and Double-Strand Break-Induced Recombination in Yeast and Human Cells (2014)

Genetic modification of a chromosomal locus to replace an existing dysfunctional allele with a corrected sequence can be accomplished through targeted gene correction using the cell's homologous recombination (HR) machinery. Gene targeting is stimulated by generation of a DNA double-strand break (DSB) at or near the site of correction, but repair of the break via non-homologous end-joining without using the homologous template can lead to deleterious genomic changes such as in/del mutations, or chromosomal rearrangements. By contrast, generation of a DNA single-strand break (SSB), or nick, can stimulate gene correction without the problems of DSB repair because the uncut DNA strand acts as a template to permit healing without alteration of genetic material. Here, we examine the ability of a nicking variant of the I-SceI endonuclease (K223I I-SceI) to stimulate gene targeting in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells. K223I I-SceI is proficient in both yeast and human cells and promotes gene correction up to 12-fold. We show that K223I I-SceI-driven recombination follows a different mechanism than wild-type I-SceI-driven recombination, thus indicating that the initial DNA break that stimulates recombination is not a low-level DSB but a nick. We also demonstrate that K223I I-SceI efficiently elevates gene targeting at loci distant from the break site in yeast cells. These findings establish the capability of the I-SceI nickase to enhance recombination in yeast and human cells, strengthening the notion that nicking enzymes could be effective tools in gene correction strategies for applications in molecular biology, biotechnology, and gene therapy.
Carbonitridation of Fly Ash. 4. Hydrolysis of Nitrided Fly Ash (2005)

Hydrolysis experiments of the nitrided fly ash were carried out in dilute aqueous suspensions. An ammonium electrode and a pH electrode were used to measure the extent of the hydrolysis. For comparison purposes, hydrolysis studies were also performed for the commercially available nitrides. At the initial stage of the hydrolysis, a linear relationship exists between the hydroxide concentration and the hydrolysis time. Accordingly, a slope can be extracted from this linear relationship. A comparison of the slopes could be an effective method to evaluate the extent of the hydrolysis of nitride particles. A novel application of the nitrided fly ash is revealed in this paper. The ammonia released slowly from the hydrolysis of the nitrided fly ash has the potential to be a very good nitrogen fertilizer. Certain salts can slow the hydrolysis of the nitrided fly ash, as for example calcium carbonate, and a slow ammonia release can be achieved.
cDNA Cloning of Carrot Extracellular b-Fructosidase and Its Expression in Response to Wounding and Bacterial Infection (1990)

Arnd Sturm, Maarten J. Chrispeels, cDNA Cloning of Carrot Extracellular β-Fructosidase and Its Expression in Response to Wounding and Bacterial Infection, The Plant Cell, Vol. 2, No. 11 (Nov., 1990), pp. 1107-1119
A fast response anemometer for measuring the turbulence characteristics of the natural wind (1971)

The design, calibration and field operation of a fast response anemometer are described. The instrument has been calibrated for measuring the three components of the atmospheric wind speeds in winds of up to 29 m s-1 and of resolving the turbulence components up to a frequency of 5 Hz.
A computational model of exploding metallic fuses for multimegajoule switching (1985)

A new model for determining the time-dependent behavior of exploding metallic fuses is formulated. The model draws on an atomic data base and gives insight into the temporal behavior of the material density and temperature of the fuse as well as the nonlinear electrical circuit interaction. The model includes an embedding insulating tamper and leads to a plausible explanation of fuse ‘‘restrike.’’ The model predicts time-scale compression of 500 for inductive store systems powered by explosive driven magnetic flux compression generators. A scenario for achieving multimegajoule foil implosions is predicted.