gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agonists and inhibitors of the STING pathway: Potential agents for immunotherapy (2019)

Since being discovered in 2008, the STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway has gradually been recognized as a central and promising target for immunotherapy. The STING pathway can be stimulated by cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), leading to the type I interferons (IFN) production for immunotherapy for cancer or other diseases. However, the negative charges, hydrophilicity, and instability of CDNs have hindered their further applications. In addition, chronic activation of the STING pathway has been found to be involved in autoimmune diseases as IFN overproduction. Thus, research and development of STING agonists and inhibitors has been a hot field for the treatment of several diseases. The past several years, especially 2018, has seen increasingly rapid advances in this field. Here, this review summarizes the synthesis and modification of CDNs, the identification of nonnucleotide agonists, the recent progress in delivery systems and the medical applications, such as personalized vaccine adjuvants, in detail. In addition, in this review, we summarize the STING inhibitors' advances from two aspects, covalent, and noncovalent inhibitors.
Systemic lidocaine enhancement of hyperthermia-induced tumor regression in transplantable murine tumor models. (1983)

Previously, we reported that local lidocaine infusion of a CA 755 mammary adenocarcinoma growing in C57BL X DBA/2 F1 mice, when combined with local heating for 1 hr in a 43.5 degrees water bath, significantly increased survival and inhibited tumor growth more than heating alone. Because of its clinical implications, systemic lidocaine was tested in the above model system and in a murine fibrosarcoma tumor model. An equivalent supraadditive, tumor-inhibitory effect of heat and lidocaine was obtained with both systemically and intratumor-administered lidocaine. The serum levels of lidocaine necessary to achieve tumor regression were within the therapeutic range for the control of arrhythmia in humans. Several treatment schedules, varying the mode of drug delivery, were evaluated. The effects of treatment on tumor growth characteristics were analyzed using an extension of the Cox survival model.
Micromachined pipette arrays (2000)

In this paper, the design and characterization of batch fabricated metallic micromachined pipette arrays is described. The process used to fabricate the micromachined pipette arrays (MPA) includes p+ etch-stop membrane technology, anisotropic etching of silicon in potassium hydroxide, sacrificial thick photoresist micromolding technology, and electrodeposition. Arrays of one to ten pipettes have been fabricated using nickel as the structural material and palladium as the biocompatible coating of inside walls. The inner dimensions of the individual pipettes fabricated to date range from 30 microns to 1.5 mm in width, 0.5 mm to several cm in length, and 5-50 microns in thickness. The center-to-center spacing of these pipettes varies from 100 microns to several centimeters. The MPA have a number of advantages when compared to the current micropipette technology, including the ability to transfer precise volumes of samples in the submicroliter range; the ability to manipulate samples, reagents, or buffers in a highly-parallel fashion by operating hundreds of individual pipettes simultaneously; and the compatibility with the submilimeter center-to-center dimensions of the microscale biochemical analysis systems. The application of the MPA to high lane density slab gel electrophoresis is explored. Sample wells are formed in agarose gels by using micromachined combs (solid MPA) at center-to-center spacing ranging from 250 microns to 1.9 mm. The samples are loaded using the MPA. The results of the micro-gel separations compare favorably with the standard mini-gel separations and show a twofold increase in the number of theoretical plates as well as a sixfold increase in lane density.
Analysis of Global Gene Expression in Brachypodium distachyon Reveals Extensive Network Plasticity in Response to Abiotic Stress (2014)

Brachypodium distachyon is a close relative of many important cereal crops. Abiotic stress tolerance has a significant impact on productivity of agriculturally important food and feedstock crops. Analysis of the transcriptome of Brachypodium after chilling, high-salinity, drought, and heat stresses revealed diverse differential expression of many transcripts. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis revealed 22 distinct gene modules with specific profiles of expression under each stress. Promoter analysis implicated short DNA sequences directly upstream of module members in the regulation of 21 of 22 modules. Functional analysis of module members revealed enrichment in functional terms for 10 of 22 network modules. Analysis of condition-specific correlations between differentially expressed gene pairs revealed extensive plasticity in the expression relationships of gene pairs. Photosynthesis, cell cycle, and cell wall expression modules were down-regulated by all abiotic stresses. Modules which were up-regulated by each abiotic stress fell into diverse and unique gene ontology GO categories. This study provides genomics resources and improves our understanding of abiotic stress responses of Brachypodium.
Design of nonlinear networks using gyrators (1967)

In single-sided and double-sided ladder networks containing nonlinear inductors and capacitors, the nonlinearities have to be closely matched. This can be done by using a gyrator and nonlinear capacitance to simulate each nonlinear inductance.
Two-particle interferometry (1989)

An exposition is given of the fundamental ideas of the recently opened field of two-particle interferometry, which employs spatially separated, quantum mechanically entangled two-particle states. These ideas are illustrated by a realizable arrangement, in which four beams are selected from the output of a laser-pumped down-converting crystal, with two beams interferometrically combined at one locus and two at another. When phase shifters are placed in these beams, the coincident count rates at the two loci will oscillate as the phases are varied, but the single count rates will not.
NLOS Correction/Exclusion for GNSS Measurement Using RAIM and City Building Models (2015)

Currently, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers can provide accurate and reliable positioning service in open-field areas. However, their performance in the downtown areas of cities is still affected by the multipath and none-line-of-sight (NLOS) receptions. This paper proposes a new positioning method using 3D building models and the receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) satellite selection method to achieve satisfactory positioning performance in urban area. The 3D building model uses a ray-tracing technique to simulate the line-of-sight (LOS) and NLOS signal travel distance, which is well-known as pseudorange, between the satellite and receiver. The proposed RAIM fault detection and exclusion (FDE) is able to compare the similarity between the raw pseudorange measurement and the simulated pseudorange. The measurement of the satellite will be excluded if the simulated and raw pseudoranges are inconsistent. Because of the assumption of the single reflection in the ray-tracing technique, an inconsistent case indicates it is a double or multiple reflected NLOS signal. According to the experimental results, the RAIM satellite selection technique can reduce by about 8.4% and 36.2% the positioning solutions with large errors (solutions estimated on the wrong side of the road) for the 3D building model method in the middle and deep urban canyon environment, respectively.
Surface Active Properties of Heptyl β-<scp>d</scp>-Xyloside Synthesized by Utilizing the Transxylosyl Activity of β-Xylosidase (1991)

Abstract The surface-active properties of heptyl β-d-xyloside were investigated. The critical micelle concentration of this surfactant was determined to be 30 mM (M=mol dm−3). The corresponding molecular area at saturation adsorption, the micellar weight and the aggregation number were 43 Å, 20700 and 78, respectively. This surfactant was found to have a surface activity similar to that of octyl β-d-glucoside.
An Enhanced EDAC Methodology for Low Power PSRAM (2006)

As feature size keeps shrinking, how to maintain the reliability becomes an important issue in IC production, especially for high density memory circuits. Error detection and correction (EDAC) schemes have been widely used for memory circuits for this purpose, but ordinary EDAC schemes are not suitable for memories with long codewords. The demand for low-power memory is increasing due to the growth in portable electronics markets. Power reduction in memories with DRAM-like cells can be done by reducing the refresh frequency, but the loss of data integrity should be taken care of seriously. To solve the above two issues, we propose a parallel encoding and decoding EDAC scheme, which can be used on memories with long codewords. Targeting refresh power reduction, we have implemented our scheme on an industrial pseudo SRAM (PSRAM), and have completed experiments. The major hardware penalty is the parity overhead that is 1/9, and the longest delay of our circuit is 3.6ns for the PSRAM fabricated by a 0.11mum CMOS technology. With respect to the 70ns access time of the PSRAM, the proposed EDAC scheme can be integrated with the read/write operations without increasing the latency. Experimental results show that the refresh time can be extended greatly, without sacrificing reliability
Longitudinal unobtrusive measurements in rehabilitation. (1976)

Most evaluation techniques in rehabilitation emphasize descriptions of patient capability during brief time intervals under relatively standardized conditions. This paper outlines a conceptual approach which emphasizes the importance of evaluating how patients actually perform under everyday circumstances during extended periods of time. The underlying strategy embodied in this approach consists of the following elements: (1) continuous monitoring of discrete activities over extended periods of time (hours to months); (2) data collection wherever the patient goes allowing nontest behavior patterns to be studied; and (3) unobtrusive, noninvasive, and ethically acceptable monitoring to minimize observer bias. Although numerous techniques can be used to obtain these kinds of measurements, recent advances in biomedical engineering make a technological approach both inexpensive and feasible for selected activities. In addition, unobtrusive instrumentation can help generate objective, quantitative information concerning actual patient behavior which provides a previously unavailable data base for evaluating individual patient progress, assessing program effectiveness and developing more relevant outcome measures. Two examples of studies which utilize longitudinal unobtrusive measurements are described and preliminary results are presented.
Contrasting properties of gold nanoparticles for optical coherence tomography: phantom,<i>in vivo</i>studies and Monte Carlo simulation (2008)

The possibility of using silica-gold nanoshells with 150 nm silica core size and 25 nm thick gold shell as contrasting agents for optical coherence tomography (OCT) is analyzed. Experiments on agar biotissue phantoms showed that the penetration of nanoshells into the phantoms increases the intensity of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal and the brightness of the corresponding areas of the OCT image. In vivo experiments on rabbit skin demonstrated that the application of nanoshells onto the skin provides significant contrasting of the borders between the areas containing nanoshells and those without. This effect of nanoshells on skin in vivo is manifested by the increase in intensity of the OCT signal in superficial parts of the skin, boundary contrast between superficial and deep dermis and contrast of hair follicles and glands. The presence of nanoshells in the skin was confirmed by electron microscopy. Monte Carlo simulations of OCT images confirmed the possibility of contrasting skin-layer borders and structures by the application of gold nanoshells. The Monte Carlo simulations were performed for two skin models and exhibit effects of nanoparticles similar to those obtained in the experimental part of the study, thus proving that the effects originate exactly from the presence of nanoparticles.
Topical minocycline microspheres <i>versus</i> topical chlorhexidine gel as an adjunct to mechanical debridement of incipient peri‐implant infections: a randomized clinical trial (2006)

The use of a local antibiotic as an adjunct to mechanical treatment of incipient peri-implantitis lesions demonstrated improvements in probing depths that were sustained over 12 months.
Mapping of Histamine H<sub>1</sub> Receptors in the Human Brain Using [<sup>11</sup>C]Pyrilamine and Positron Emission Tomography (1992)

We have studied the characteristics of carbon-11 labeled pyrilamine as a radioligand for investigating histamine H1 receptors in human brain with positron emission tomography (PET). [11C]Pyrilamine is distributed evenly in proportion to cerebral blood flow at initial PET images. Later (after 45-60 min), 11C radioactivity was observed at high concentrations in the frontal and temporal cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus, and at low concentrations in the cerebellum and pons. The regional distribution of the carbon-11 labeled compound in the brain corresponded well with that of the histamine H1 receptors determined in vitro in autopsied materials. In six controls, the frontal and temporal cortices/cerebellum ratio increased during the first 60 min to reach a value of 1.22 +/- 0.071. Intravenous administration of d-chlorpheniramine (5 mg) completely abolished the specific binding in vivo in the frontal cortex and temporal cortex (cortex/cerebellum ratio, 0.955 +/- 0.015). The availability of this method for measuring histamine H1 receptors in vivo in humans will facilitate studies on neurological and psychiatric disorders in which histamine H1 receptors are thought to be abnormal.
New random main-chain, second-order nonlinear optical polymers (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew random main-chain, second-order nonlinear optical polymersChengzeng Xu, Bo Wu, Larry R. Dalton, Peter M. Ranon, Yongqiang Shi, and William H. SteierCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 24, 6716–6718Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00050a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00050a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molybdenum field-emitter arrays (2002)

Molybdenum field-emitter arrays were first reported 30 years ago, but have only recently been the object of significant research in the scientific community. In this paper we briefly review the more common applications, and detail the design and processing parameters that can be manipulated to meet specific application needs. For display, relatively small emission current (up to about 100 /spl mu/A range), the lowest possible drive voltage, and large area uniformity are the goals. Microwave operation requires high emission current (/spl sim/0.1 A), high current density, and very high-speed emission modulation. Emitters for electron-impact ionizers must be relatively insensitive to their operating environment, must be buffered against emitter-to-gate arcover, and must operate at moderate currents (/spl sim/10 mA). In addition, processes such as field forming and plasma processing to enhance emission for specific uses are available options. These processes are discussed, and examples of experimental results are given.
Structural design of a newly developed pediatric circulatory assist device for fontan circulation by using shape memory alloy fiber (2011)

Total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) is commonly applied for the surgical treatment of congenital heart disease such as single ventricle in pediatric patients. Patients with no ventricle in pulmonary circulation are treated along with Fontan algorithm, in which the systemic venous return is diverted directly to the pulmonary artery without passing through subpulmonary ventricle. In order to promote the pulmonary circulation after Fontan procedure, we developed a newly designed pulmonary circulatory assist device by using shape memory alloy fibers. We developed a pulmonary circulatory assist device as a non-blood contacting mechanical support system in pediatric patients with TCPC. The device has been designed to be installed like a cuff around the ePTFE TCPC conduit, which can contract from outside. We employed a covalent type functional anisotropic shape memory alloy fiber (Biometal, Toki Corporation, Tokyo Japan) as a servo actuator of the pulmonary circulatory assist device. The diameter of this fiber was 100 microns, and its contractile frequency was 2-3 Hz. Heat generation with electric current contracts these fibers and the conduit. The maximum contraction ratio of this fiber is about 7% in length. In order to extend its contractile ratio, we fabricated and installed mechanical structural units to control the length of fibers. In this study, we examined basic contractile functions of the device in the mock system. As a result, the internal pressure of the conduit increased to 63 mmHg by the mechanical contraction under the condition of 400 msec-current supply in the mock examination with the overflow tank of 10 mmHg loading.
True amplitude DMO, offset continuation and AVA/AVO for curved reflectors (1996)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996True amplitude DMO, offset continuation and AVA/AVO for curved reflectorsAuthors: Sergey FomelNorman BleisteinHerman JaramilloJack K. CohenSergey FomelStanford Exploraztion Project, Stanford University, Norman BleisteinCenter for Wave Phenomena, Colorado School of Mines, Herman JaramilloCenter for Wave Phenomena, Colorado School of Mines, and Jack K. CohenCenter for Wave Phenomena, Colorado School of Mineshttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826465 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826465FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByErrors in Radar CMP Velocity Estimates Due to Survey Geometry, and Their Implication for Ice Water Content EstimationJournal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Vol. 12, No. 1Seismic reflection data interpolation with differential offset and shot continuationGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 68, No. 2Theory of differential offset continuationGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 68, No. 2Seismic reflection data interpolation with differential offset and shot continuationSergey Fomel3 January 2005The AVA (amplitude-versus-angle) signature of small-scale reflector topographyGeophysical Prospecting, Vol. 49, No. 1A platform for Kirchhoff data mapping in scalar models of data acquisitionGeophysical Prospecting, Vol. 48, No. 1The impact of true amplitude DMO on amplitude versus offsetAntonio C. B. Ramos, Adelson S. Oliveira, and Martin Tygel4 January 2005True‐amplitude transformation to zero offset of data from curved reflectorsGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 64, No. 1 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1996 Pages: 2106 publication data© 1996 Copyright © 1996 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Sergey Fomel, Norman Bleistein, Herman Jaramillo, and Jack K. Cohen, (1996), "True amplitude DMO, offset continuation and AVA/AVO for curved reflectors," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1731-1734. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826465 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Parent-of-origin effect <i>rough endosperm</i> mutants in maize (2016)

ABSTRACT Parent-of-origin effect loci have non-Mendelian inheritance in which phenotypes are determined by either the maternal or paternal allele alone. In angiosperms, parent-of-origin effects can be caused by loci required for gametophyte development or by imprinted genes needed for seed development. Few parent-of-origin effect loci have been identified in maize ( Zea mays ) even though there are a large number of imprinted genes known from transcriptomics. We screened rough endosperm ( rgh ) mutants for parent-of-origin effects using reciprocal crosses with inbred parents. Six maternal rough endosperm ( mre ) and three paternal rough endosperm ( pre ) mutants were identified with three mre loci mapped. When inherited from the female parent, mre /+ seeds reduce grain-fill with a rough, etched, or pitted endosperm surface. Pollen transmission of pre mutants results in rgh endosperm as well as embryo lethality. Eight of the loci had significant distortion from the expected one-to-one ratio for parent-of-origin effects. Linked markers for mre1 , mre2 , and mre3 indicated that the mutant alleles have no bias in transmission. Histological analysis of mre1 , mre2 , mre3 , and pre*-949 showed altered timing of starch grain accumulation and basal endosperm transfer cell layer (BETL) development. The mre1 locus delays BETL and starchy endosperm development, while mre2 and pre*-949 cause ectopic starchy endosperm differentiation. We conclude that many parent-of-origin effects in maize have incomplete penetrance of kernel phenotypes and that there is a large diversity of endosperm developmental roles for parent-of-origin effect loci.
Perceived Spatial Layout of a Simulated Scene as a Function of Experience (1991)

A critical question in simulation is the degree of correspondence or alignment between what is seen in a generated graphics world and it's intended actual physical structure. An allied concern, is the role of perceptual experience as a potential influence on this perceived spatial layout. The present experiment examined the potential for these perceived distortions. Eight observers estimated the location of nine object locations embedded in a graphical scene of a traffic intersection. Participants were asked to judge the relative and absolute distances between objects in the display. Half the subjects viewed the intersection after driving for thirty minutes through the simulated traffic world while the remaining participants did not receive any prior experience. A multidimensional scaling analysis revealed differences between simulator and no simulator experience groups for absolute and relative 3-D solutions. Scaled representations of actual and perceived spaces are discussed in the framework of a model of perceived spatial layout and with respect to human factors issues in the use of both simulated and virtual worlds.