gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine-to-Machine Communications With In-Network Data Aggregation, Processing, and Actuation for Large-Scale Cyber-Physical Systems (2014)

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) paradigm enables machines (sensors, actuators, robots, and smart meter readers) to communicate with each other with little or no human intervention. M2M is a key enabling technology for the cyber-physical systems (CPSs). This paper explores CPS beyond M2M concept and looks at futuristic applications. Our vision is CPS with distributed actuation and in-network processing. We describe few particular use cases that motivate the development of the M2M communication primitives tailored to large-scale CPS. M2M communications in literature were considered in limited extent so far. The existing work is based on small-scale M2M models and centralized solutions. Different sources discuss different primitives. Few existing decentralized solutions do not scale well. There is a need to design M2M communication primitives that will scale to thousands and trillions of M2M devices, without sacrificing solution quality. The main paradigm shift is to design localized algorithms, where CPS nodes make decisions based on local knowledge. Localized coordination and communication in networked robotics, for matching events and robots, were studied to illustrate new directions.
Conocimiento profesional de los profesores de Educación Física colombianos y mexicanos, sobre actividad física (2010)

La actividad física se ha convertido a través de los últimos años, en un movimiento que ha tomado fuerza en el campo conceptual y disciplinar de la educación física, trayendo como consecuencia su incorporación dentro de los programas de promoción de la salud y prevención dela enfermedad, a nivel latinoamericano y mundial con el fin de contribuir al mejoramiento de los estilos de vida de sus habitantes, mejorar sus condiciones de convivencia y, en términos generales, incrementar los niveles de calidad de vida de la población. En este sentido, este ejercicio investigativo nos muestra una pequeña mirada del conocimiento profesional que tienen los profesionales de la educación física y el deporte acerca de la actividad física en dos países latinoamericanos (México y Colombia) y de sus principales variables para su desarrollo de manera exitosa.Como resultado es posible evidenciar algunas similitudes y diferencias que existen en torno a este conocimiento de contenido propio de la educación física a través de un estudio comparativo de pares que se desempeñan en los países mencionados, de esta manera contribuir a la construcción de un nuevo conocimiento unificado que permita la consolidación de un modelo pedagógico y didáctico propio de los maestros de la educación física y el deporte, enriqueciendo a su vez no sólo su conocimiento disciplinar sino también su Conocimiento Pedagógico General y el Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido (cdc) factores fundamentales en la estructuración del conocimiento profesional del los profesores de educación física.
4-[3-(2-Nitro-1-imidazolyl)propylamino]-7-chloroquinoline Hydrochloride (NLCQ-1), a Novel Bioreductive Compound as a Hypoxia-Selective Cytotoxin (2001)

A novel weakly DNA-intercalative bioreductive compound. 4-[3-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-propylamino]-7-chloroquinoline hydrochloride (NLCQ-1). has been synthesized and studied as a hypoxia-selective cytotoxin in vitro. NLCQ-1, which shares a similar structure with the DNA-intercalative antimalarial drug chloroquine, bound more strongly to DNA than the nonchlorinated analog NLQ-1 (4-[3-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)propylamino]-quinaldine hydrochloride). Thus, NLCQ-1 exhibited a C50 [concentration for 50% displacement of the ethidium bromide (EB) from a DNA-EB complex] of 44 microM, whereas a C50 value could not be reached for NLQ-1 up to 225 microM. NLCQ-1 demonstrated significant hypoxic selectivity in several rodent (V79, EMT6, SCCVII) or human (A549, OVCAR-3) tumor cell lines. Its potency as a hypoxic cytotoxin (expressed as the product of exposure time and concentration for 50% survival) ranged between 10 and 136 microM x h, for the cell lines tested, at 30 microM input concentration. Because uptake in all cell lines was similar, the differences in potency may reflect differences in the enzymatic profile or damage repair processes among the cell lines. In addition, however, the most striking feature of NLCQ-1 was that hypoxic selectivity increased with exposure time, a common feature normally found in only bis-bioreductive agents carrying two moieties with different redox potentials. Thus, hypoxic selectivity of NLCQ-1 in V79 cells at 50% survival was increased from fivefold up to 388-fold by increasing exposure time from 1 to 4.5 h, as the result of a concomitant increase and decrease in its hypoxic and aerobic potency, respectively, over time. Because the nonchlorinated analog NLQ-1 did not demonstrate similar behavior, we hypothesized that the C-7 chlorine of NLCQ-1 might play a significant role in this phenomenon.
Reduction of Compton Background Noise for X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography with Deep Learning (2022)

For bench-top X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT), the X-ray tube source will bring extreme Compton background noise, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio and low contrast detection limit. In this paper, a noise2noise denoising algorithm based on the UNet deep learning network is proposed. The network can use noise image learning to convert the noise image into a clean image. Two sets of phantoms (high concentration Gd phantom and low concentration Bi phantom) are used for scanning to simulate the imaging process under different noise levels and generate the required data set. Additionally, the data set is generated by Geant4 simulation. In the training process, the L1 loss function is used for its good convergence. The image quality is evaluated according to CNR and pixel profile, which shows that our algorithm is better than BM3D, both visually and quantitatively.
Suppression by Human Placental Protein 14 of Natural Killer Cell Activity (1991)

Human decidua of early pregnancy contains considerable numbers of CD3-CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells. In this study, two major protein products of the decidua, placental protein 14 (PP14) and placental protein 12 (PP12), were tested for the ability to regulate human NK cell activity. In vitro overnight exposure to PP14 of blood lymphocytes or purified large granular lymphocytes (LGL) resulted in suppression of cytotoxicity against K562 target cells in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. The NK inhibition was dependent on concentrations of PP14, being detectable at 5 micrograms/ml and reaching maximum at 50 micrograms/ml. Manifestation of PP14-induced NK suppression required 18-h contact with NK cells. The suppression of NK activity by PP14 was not abolished by indomethacin. In a target binding assay the number of PP14-treated LGL binding to K562 was comparable to that of untreated ones. By contrast with PP14, PP12 produced no effects on NK cells. These results indicate that PP14 suppresses the function of NK cells, which might be involved in prevention of maternal immune rejection of fetus at the fetomaternal interface.
On the relationships between depth migration of controlled-source electromagnetic and seismic data (2007)

Remote sensing techniques record variations in subsurface petrophysical parameters, such as seismic, electromagnetic, and potential-field properties. Seismic is by far the most common technique, using acoustic and elastic waves to map boundaries between buried strata with contrasting pressure (P) and shear (S) wave velocities. High-resolution data provide information about geologic structures and potential hydrocarbon traps and can allow inferences to be made about the composition of reservoir pore fluids (oil, gas, brine, or combinations) and their relative saturations. Nevertheless, hydrocarbon-filled sandstone reservoirs are often better detected by electrical resistivity rather than seismic parameters (e.g., P-wave velocities are less affected by variations in brine saturation than electrical resistivity).
Expression of GAD65 and Islet Cell Antibody (ICA512) Autoantibodies Among Cytoplasmic ICA+ Relatives Is Associated With Eligibility for the Diabetes Prevention Trial−Type 1 (2001)

More than 71,000 relatives of type 1 diabetic patients have been screened for cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies (ICAs), GAD65 autoantibodies (GAAs), and ICA512 autoantibodies (ICA512AAs). Among those 71,148 relatives, 2,448 were cytoplasmic ICA+, and the remainder were ICA-. Of the ICA+ group, 1,229 (50.2%) were positive for GAAs and/or ICA512AAs. Among ICA- relatives, 1,897 (2.76%) were positive for GAAs and/or ICA512AAs. Given the large number of relatives positive for cytoplasmic ICA and negative for "biochemically" determined autoantibodies, and the converse, we analyzed the proportion of ICA+ relatives found eligible to participate in the intervention phase of Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1). To be eligible for the parenteral insulin DPT-1 trial, a relative had to have first-phase insulin secretion below the 1st percentile of cut-points (for parents) or below the 10th percentile (for siblings and offspring). To be eligible for the oral insulin trial, a relative had to have first-phase insulin secretion above cut-points (>1st percentile for parents, >10th percentile for siblings/offspring) and be positive for anti-insulin autoantibodies. For both trials, DQB1*0602 was an exclusion criteria, cytoplasmic ICA positivity had to be confirmed, and an oral glucose tolerance test had to result in nondiabetic levels. Of 572 relatives found to be eligible for trial entry, 442 (77.3%) were positive for GAAs and/or ICA512AAs, although overall only 50.2% of ICA+ relatives were positive for GAAs and/or ICA512AAs. The positive predictive value for trial eligibility for ICA+ relatives with GAAs or ICA512AAs who completed staging was 51.0%. In contrast, only 11.9% of ICA+ but GAA- and ICA512AA- relatives were found to be eligible by DPT criteria for trial entry. Positivity for biochemically determined autoantibodies among cytoplasmic antibody-positive relatives is associated with eligibility for the DPT-1 study.
Evolution of glycosaminoglycans (2011)

Glycosaminoglycans, a major component of the extracellular matrix molecules in animal tissues, play important roles in various physiological events. Glycosaminoglycans are found in not only vertebrates but also many invertebrates, implying a conserved function in the animal kingdom. Here, we discuss the analysis of glycosaminoglycans in 11 invertebrate phyla focusing on structure as well as physiological functions elucidated in model organisms. Various sulfated structures of heparan sulfate are widely distributed from very primitive organisms to humans, indicating an involvement in fundamental biological processes. By contrast, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from lower organisms is limited in its structural complexity and often associated with a particular function. The presence of hyaluronic acid outside of vertebrates has been reported only in a mollusk.
The Relationship between Stem Diameter and Water Potentials in Stems of Young Cabbage Plants (1984)

Continuous measurements were made of stem shrinkage, stem water potential (ψ3) and transpiration rate (T) in young, pot-grown cabbage plants subjected to cycling evaporative demands. Sequences of increasing evaporative demands induced increases in T and decreases in both ψ3 and stem diameter and conversely, whenever evaporative demand decreased, T declined and ψ3 and stem diameter rose. Over short periods, stem water potentials and stem shrinkage were virtually parallel even when rapid oscillations were induced. Over longer periods the effects of growth were important compared with those of water stress on stem diameter when the moisture content of the soil was high. Growth, however, ceased when the plant was subjected to relatively mild water stress (ψ3 = −0.4 MPa). Stem diameters, after correction for growth, were linearly related to plant water potential. The results suggest that stem shrinkage and only a few calibration measurements might be used to provide continuous estimates of water potentials in field crops.
Synergistic effects of imatinib (STI 571) in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs in head and neck cancer (2005)

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (STI 571; glivec) is a potent inhibitor of bcr-abl, c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. Imatinib was evaluated both alone and in combination with established chemotherapeutic agents in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) primary cultures and established cell lines representing squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). Over 90% of ACC tumors are c-kit-positive, and these primary cultures proved to be of short-term usefulness in assessing chemosensitivity. Interaction was determined over a wide range of drug combinations using a statistical three-dimensional analysis model. Both ACC short-term cultures and HNSCC cell lines were demonstrated to have a response ranging from additive to synergistic when imatinib and cisplatin were combined. The interaction of imatinib on cisplatin-induced DNA cross-linking was further investigated using the comet-X assay. In contrast, significant antagonism was observed when imatinib and gemcitabine were combined. Since gemcitabine is activated by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), the effect of imatinib on this enzyme was investigated. A dose-dependent inhibition of dCK was observed, highlighting this kinase as a possible additional secondary molecular target for imatinib. This work demonstrates a synergistic interaction between cisplatin and imatinib, which may prove to be clinically relevant in the future management of both ACC and HNSCC.
Down-Regulation of miR-92 in Human Plasma Is a Novel Marker for Acute Leukemia Patients (2009)

The ratio of miR-92a/miR-638 in plasma has strong potential for clinical application as a novel biomarker for detection of leukemia.
Suppression of shadows for improved object discrimination (1993)

The ESPRIT PEDMON (PEDestrian MONitoring) project is focusing on the development of technologies to enable the automated counting of pedestrians in unconstrained areas. A number of mechanisms are being investigated within the project, and image processing is taking a leading role in the development of wide area monitoring and counting systems. Initially, a simple approach to the video processing has been adopted, where the camera is placed vertically above the counting region allowing a 2D approximation of the scene to be made. In this approach the early part of the image processing pipeline consists of a segmentation procedure to separate the pedestrians from the background. A basic philosophy has been adopted that, for the purposes of segmentation, the pedestrians constitute moving areas of the image and anything not moving is considered to be background. This allows the use of well-established approaches for segmentation. We develop a mechanism which compares the texture of a reference frame with the texture of the incoming image to determine whether a shadow is present and subsequently attempt to suppress it. We have shown that shadows can be detected and suppressed in a number of scenes, providing that the background is already known. >
Improving the network lifetime with energy-balancing routing: Application to RPL (2014)

The devices composing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are very limited in terms of memory, processing power and battery. We need efficient routing algorithms to ensure a long lifetime of the WSN. However, many solutions focus on minimizing the average energy consumption of all the nodes. Since the lifetime is rather given by the death of the first node or by the disconnection of the network, these solutions are currently insufficient. Here, we have rather chosen to focus on identifying the energy bottlenecks (i.e., the nodes that are more likely to be the first ones to run out of energy). Minimizing their energy consumption will surely improve the network lifetime. We define here the Expected LifeTime (ELT) routing metric to estimate the lifetime of these bottlenecks. We take into account both the amount of traffic and the link reliability to estimate how much energy such a bottleneck consumes on average. Moreover, we apply this metric to the RPL architecture, the de facto routing standard in the Internet of Things. We construct the Directed Acyclic Graph structure based on this ELT criteria while avoiding the creation of loops.
On the surface modification of microchannels for microcapillary electrophoresis chips (2005)

This paper presents systematic investigation of the microchannel surface properties in microCE chips. Three popular materials for microCE chips, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), quartz, and glass, are used. The zeta potentials of these microchannels are calculated by measuring the EOF velocity to evaluate the surface properties after surface modification. The hydrophobic PDMS is usually plasma-treated for microCE applications. In this study, a new method using a high-throughput atmospheric plasma generator is adopted to treat the PDMS surface under atmospheric conditions. In this approach, the cost and time for surface treatment can be significantly reduced compared with the conventional vacuum plasma generator method. Experimental results indicate that new functional groups could be formed on the PDMS surface after treatment, resulting in a change in the surface property. The time-dependent surface property of the plasma-treated PDMS is then measured in terms of the zeta potential. Results show that the surface property will reach a stable condition after 1 h of plasma treatment. For glass CE chips, two new methods for changing the microchannel surface properties are developed. Instead of using complicated and time-consuming chemical silanization procedures for CE channel surface modification, two simple and reliable methods utilizing organic-based spin-on-glass and water-soluble acrylic resin are reported. The proposed method provides a fast batch process for controlling the surface properties of glass-based CE channels. The proposed methods are evaluated using PhiX-174 DNA maker separation. The experimental data show that the surface property is modified and separation efficiency greatly improved. In addition, the long-term stability of both coatings is verified in this study. The methods proposed in this study show potential as an excellent solution for glass-based microCE chip surface modification.
Synthesis and In Vitro Transdermal Penetration of Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) Carbonate and Carbamate Derivatives of Lamivudine (3TC) (2010)

The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro transdermal permeation through the human stratum corneum (SC) of the antiretroviral (ARV) drug lamivudine (3TC) (1) and its synthesised methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) carbamates and carbonates in phosphate buffer solution and with the use of Pheroid as delivery system and to establish a relationship, if any, with selected physicochemical properties. The synthesis and in vitro human skin permeation flux of three N4-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) carbamates (3)-(5) and three 6'-O-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) carbonates (6)-(8) of lamivudine are reported. The derivatives were synthesised in a two-step process by coupling activated MPEG oligomers of various chain lengths to either the 4-amino or 6'-hydroxy group of lamivudine. Irrespective of the oligomeric series of derivatives (carbamate or carbonate), the aqueous solubility increases as the MPEG chain lengthens while the solubility in octanol (lipophilicity) remained almost constant. Regardless of the mechanism of diffusion viz. passive (in PBS) or use of enhancer (Pheroid), no derivative penetrate the skin better than the parent drug itself. The use of Pheroid even appeared to significantly retard the skin permeation.
Epidemiology of severe sepsis in India: an update (2010)

A multicentre, prospective, observational study conducted in four intensive therapy units (ITUs) in India from June 2006 to June 2009 to determine the incidence and outcome of severe sepsis among adult patients.
Crosslinking of poly(arylene disulfide)s and poly(arylene sulfane)s derived from cyclic(arylene disulfide) oligomers (1999)

Cyclic(arylene disulfide) and polycyclic(arylene sulfide) oligomers were synthesized by catalytic oxidation of arylenedithiols or arylenetrithiols with oxygen in the presence of a copper-amine catalyst. These cyclic(arylene sulfide) oligomers can undergo free radical ring-opening polymerization at an elevated temperature in the melt or solution. Polycyclic(arylene sulfide) oligomers can be used to crosslink poly(arylene disulfide)s and poly(arylene sulfane)s derived from cyclic(arylene disulfide) oligomers and elemental sulfur. The crosslinking reactions were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and by solubility of the cured products. The minimum concentrations of polycyclic(arylene sulfide) oligomers for producing a well crosslinked poly(arylene disulfide) and poly(arylene sulfane) are 7 wt % and 10 wt %, respectively. The crosslinking reactions between poly(arylene disulfide)s, poly(arylene sulfane)s, and triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TTT) were also investigated. TTT is more efficient for crosslinking than the synthesized polycyclic(arylene disulfide) oligomers. The crosslinkable poly(arylene disulfide)s and poly(arylene sulfane)s could be potentially used as high temperature coatings, sealants, adhesives, and as matrices for high performance thermoset composites. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 3069–3077, 1999
Modeling ASIC memories in VHDL (1996)

Memories are all important component in ASIC designs. With increasing design complexities, there is need to model memory devices with a high level of accuracy and simulation efficiency. This paper describes the functional/timing aspects of VHDL memory models, their implementation, and various issues involved. The paper also presents a generic interface package used in the development of memory models.
Self-noise of molecular electronic transducers (2003)

The effect of hydrodynamic fluctuations on noise in molecular electronic transducers is studied. It is shown that turbulent pulsation also makes a considerable contribution to the self-noise of molecular elec-tronic transformers, along with laminar flow fluctuations. A method for qualitative and quantitative calculation of the noise induced by turbulent pulsation that arises when a liquid flows along the electrode surface is proposed. A quantitative relationship that relates the rms pressure pulsation to the liquid head and an expression for the total spectral density of the hydrodynamic noise in molecular electronic transducers are obtained.
Processing thin silicon with ultrashort-pulsed lasers: Creating an alternative to conventional sawing techniques (2003)

When processing thin silicon, an important workpiece category in modern IT industry, femtosecond laser pulses enable to create cuts and also holes of utmost precision. This could contribute to the ongoing miniaturization by reducing back-end processing resolutions. However, it bears special challenges: On the one hand, decreasing material thickness involves chipping effects and raises general handling questions. On the other hand, laser processing of silicon generally involves debris effects which are hard to handle in comparison to other common materials. In addition, processing speeds are usually still significantly lower than those of cutting with conventional mechanical methods. Therefore an overview of influences will be given that are of special interest for the processing of thin silicon with ultrashort-pulsed lasers. To demonstrate the competitiveness of the process in the near future, general advantages of this technique will be explained. Methods that have improved quality in case of chipping and debris and at the same time increased the processing speed will be presented.