gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of a trench pmos gated, planar, 1.2 kV Clustered insulated gate bipolar transistor in NPT technology (2009)

The conventional Clustered IGBT is a MOS controlled power device with controlled thyristor action, which has been demonstrated to show lower V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce</inf> (sat) compared to IGBT, current saturation characteristics at high gate voltages and short circuit performance. In this paper, we show that, with the incorporation additional PMOS trench gates in a normally planar gate structure, the performance of the device can be enhanced even further to tailor saturation current levels and hence improve short-circuit performance without degrading V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce</inf> (sat). This is evaluatated using 1.2kV planar NPT CIGBT through extensive 2D simulations. This is the first paper to demonstrate a simple mechanism to control the saturation current without degrading V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce</inf> (sat) and other characteristics.
Optical Properties of Nanostructured Optical Materials (1996)

The optical properties of nanoscale composite materials are often quite different from the properties of the constituent materials from which the composite is constructed. The formation of composite materials thus constitutes a means for engineering new materials with desired optical properties. In this paper we review theories and models that have been devised for relating the linear and nonlinear optical properties of composite materials to those of the constituent materials and to the morphology of the composite structure, and we review experimental studies aimed at validating these models. Morphologies that are explicitly discussed include those of Maxwell Garnett and of Bruggeman, layered structures, and fractal structures.
Role of ion pairing in reactions of metal carbonyl anions. I. Cation-assisted alkyl-acyl migratory insertions (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of ion pairing in reactions of metal carbonyl anions. I. Cation-assisted alkyl-acyl migratory insertionsJames P. Collman, James N. Cawse, and John I. BraumanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 16, 5905–5906Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00771a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00771a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Starch After Extraction of Corn Oil with Ethanol (1996)

Simultaneous corn oil extraction and alcohol dehydration, a solvent corn-milling process developed in our laboratory, was tested on a pilot scale to recover corn oil. Over 92% of the corn oil was extracted by 95% ethanol with a liquid-tosolid ratio of 0.75 at 65°C. Following the oil extraction, 95% of zein fraction was also extracted from the defatted ground corn by 65%ethanol at 65°C with a liquidto-solid ratio of 1.0 to produce extracted ground corn. After corn oil and zein extraction by ethanol, the ability of the amylases to hydrolyze the starch fraction in extracted ground corn was studied. Results showed the starch fraction can be hydrolyzed to glucose by a-amylase and glucoamylase without separatio of fiber and residual protein. The glucose yield in hydrolysis was a function of temperature, enzyme concentration, and solid-to-liquid ratio. With a two-step heating hydrolysis, corn starch was converted to glucose with a 97.2% yield from extracted ground corn. After filtration and washing of the hydrolyzed mass, the final glucose concentration was 24.3% glucose (w/v).
The Stability of Insulin in Solid Formulations Containing Melezitose and Starch. Effects of Processing and Excipients (2006)

Solid insulin formulations obtained by different methods of preparation were compared with respect to chemical stability and morphology. Spray- and freeze-drying, solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) and precipitation into starch microspheres were the methods used for preparation of solid powders. The excipients applied were melezitose, starch, and sodium taurocholate. The stability of the samples was evaluated after storage in open containers at 25 degrees C and 30% RH for 6 months. All samples were amorphous after processing and storage as detected by XRD, except for the starch microspheres which were semi-crystalline. The spray- and freeze-dried samples containing melezitose and sodium taurocholate experienced a significant water uptake during storage, resulting in changes in morphology and disappearance of Tg. However, the chemical stability of these samples did not seem to be affected by the water uptake. Changes in morphology were not observed for the SEDS powders and the starch microspheres. The chemical stability of the samples was assessed by HPLC. In general, conventional spray- and freeze drying resulted in samples with higher chemical stability compared to SEDS powders and starch microspheres. Nevertheless, the excipients applied were observed to be of major importance, and further optimization of the formulation as well as processing conditions may lead to slightly different conclusions.
Human Salmonella Typhi Murium Infection Due to Duck Eggs (1952)

In recent years increasing interest has been shown in the role of the duck in human Salm. typhi murium infections. That ducks may be symptomless faecal excreters of this organism and that their eggs, if ingested, may cause acute gastro-enteritis are wellrecognized and accepted facts.
A simple method for resolving large converted-wave (P-SV) statics (1993)

Abstract The processing of converted-wave (P-SV) seismic data requires certain special considerations, such as commonconversion-point (CCP) binning techniques (Tessmer and Behle, 1988) and a modified normal moveout formula (Slotboom, 1990), that makes it different for processing conventional P-P data. However, from the processor's perspective, the most problematic step is often the determination of residual S-wave statics, which are commonly two to ten times greater than the P-wave statics for the same location (Tatham and McCormack, 1991). Conventional residualstatics algorithms often produce numerous cycle skips when attempting to resolve very large statics. Unlike P-waves, the velocity of S-waves is virtually unaffected by near-surface fluctuations in the water table (Figure 1). Hence, the P-wave and S-wave static solutions are largely unrelated to each other, so it is generally not feasible to approximate the S-wave statics by simply scaling the known P-wave static values (Anno, 1986).
Engineering Electron–Phonon Coupling of Quantum Defects to a Semiconfocal Acoustic Resonator (2019)

Diamond-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) enable direct coupling between the quantum states of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers and the phonon modes of a mechanical resonator. One example, a diamond high-overtone bulk acoustic resonator (HBAR), features an integrated piezoelectric transducer and supports high-quality factor resonance modes into the gigahertz frequency range. The acoustic modes allow mechanical manipulation of deeply embedded NV centers with long spin and orbital coherence times. Unfortunately, the spin-phonon coupling rate is limited by the large resonator size, >100 μm, and thus strongly coupled NV electron-phonon interactions remain out of reach in current diamond BAR devices. Here, we report the design and fabrication of a semiconfocal HBAR (SCHBAR) device on diamond (silicon carbide) with <i>f</i> × <i>Q</i> > 10<sup>12</sup> (>10<sup>13</sup>). The semiconfocal geometry confines the phonon mode laterally below 10 μm. This drastic reduction in modal volume enhances defect center coupling to a mechanical mode by 1000 times compared to prior HBAR devices. For the native NV centers inside the diamond device, we demonstrate mechanically driven spin transitions and show a high strain-driving efficiency with a Rabi frequency of (2π)2.19(14) MHz/<i>V</i><sub>p</sub>, which is comparable to a typical microwave antenna at the same microwave power, making SCHBAR a power-efficient device useful for fast spin control, dressed state coherence protection, and quantum circuit integration.
Multimodal new vocabulary recognition through speech and handwriting in a whiteboard scheduling application (2005)

Our goal is to automatically recognize and enroll new vocabulary in a multimodal interface. To accomplish this our technique aims to leverage the mutually disambiguating aspects of co-referenced, co-temporal handwriting and speech. The co-referenced semantics are spatially and temporally determined by our multimodal interface for schedule chart creation. This paper motivates and describes our technique for recognizing out-of-vocabulary (OOV) terms and enrolling them dynamically in the system. We report results for the detection and segmentation of OOV words within a small multimodal test set. On the same test set we also report utterance, word and pronunciation level error rates both over individual input modes and multimodally. We show that combining information from handwriting and speech yields significantly better results than achievable by either mode alone.
Multiscale full waveform inversion using GPU (2012)

We develop an efficient multi-scale time domain full wavefrom inversion (FWI) method using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Benefited from the acceleration of GPU, the intensive computational cost of time domain FWI becomes affordable on our desktop. As the geological targets in subsurface area are usually multi-scale, we propose a multi-scale time domain FWI method using GPU to invert the model more efficiently and effectively. The strategy for multi-scale FWI is very similar to frequency domain FWI. Therefore we make a comparison between the results of our multi-scale method and the frequency domain FWI results. We use 2D Overthrust model and 2D Marmousi model to demonstrate the validity of our method.
Side‐chain crystallinity. IV. Mechanical properties and transition temperatures of copolymers of methyl methacrylate with higher <i>n</i>‐alkyl acrylates and <i>N</i>‐<i>n</i>‐alkylacrylamides (1972)

Abstract Mechanical properties were correlated with glass transition temperatures for a series of random copolymers of methyl methacrylate with comonomers selected from the higher n ‐alkyl acrylates and N‐n ‐alkylacrylamides. The plasticizing comonomers were the n ‐butyl, 2‐ethylhexyl, n ‐octadecyl, and oleyl acrylates, and the N ‐n‐butyl‐, N‐n ‐octyl‐, N‐n ‐octadecyl‐, and N ‐oleylacrylamides. The complete range of compositions was investigated. However, the bulk of the data was obtained on compositions in the glassy region below the onset of the vitreous transition. In this region it was found that the decrease in tensile and flexural moduli and strengths with increase in internal plasticizer for all of the systems was directly proportional to the decrease in T g . It was concluded that the additive contribution to the free volume made by each side‐chain methylene group was alone responsible for the magnitude of the rate of change of properties. However, polar contributions of the amide group to stiffening the main chain exceeded those of the ester, so that the amides were less efficient plasticizers. An empirical equation was derived which described, with fair accuracy, the decrease in the mechanical parameters with composition for the amorphous copolymers. It was reasonably successful in predicting properties even into the composition range where the ambient testing temperature corresponded to or exceeded the transition temperature. In this transition region an accelerated decrease in the magnitude of the physical properties was observed. All samples exhibited brittle fracture except those tested in the transition region. Here the strain was largely irrecoverable flow. Side‐chain crystallinity did not interfere significantly with the mechanical properties because moduli and strengths had already decayed to small values near the compositions where crystallinity commenced. Non‐random copolymers of vinyl stearate and methyl methacrylate showed no internal plasticization, apparently because of macrophase aggregation.
Manufacturing for design: putting process control in the language of the designer (2002)

A methodology is presented for evaluation of process control from the designer's perspective, that of overall electrical performance. Technology tables and a comprehensive set of strategically chosen wafer electrical tests are used to capture and maintain the electrical signature of a process.
Researches on Collagenase Secreted by Microbes (2003)

The paper covers the collagenase-secreting microbes, collagenase genes and their diversity, and application of collagenase.
Evaluation of Monodansylcadaverine for Effects on Tumor Growth (1974)

Certain sulfonamide compounds particularly N-(5-aminopentyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide (tosylcadaverine), and N-(5-aminopentyl)-5-dimethylamino-l-naphthalene sulfonamide (monodansylcadaverine) reportedly possess high inhibitory activity in the enzymatic crosslinking of fibrin. Our experiments showed that monodansylcadaverine prevented establishment of the plasma-cell tumor YPC-l in mice when mixed with the tumor in concentrations of 1.5-4.0 mg/ml and injected subcutaneously (sc) or intraperitoneally. Monodansylcadaverine also prevented establishment of lymphoid leukemia L1210 in mice when mixed with the tumor in concentrations of 1.5-4.0 mg/ml and given sc, Two injections of monodansylcadaverine (15.0 and 30.0 mg/kg) given on days 8 and 1 before YPC-l tumor inoculation reduced tumor size, but had little or no effect on survival time of the treated mice over the vehicular or untreated controls. These experiments indi cate that monodansylcadaverine inhibits the stabilization reaction when mixed with tumor. Since the YPC-l tumor possesses both clot-forming and clot-stabilizing enzymes, inhibition of the clot-stabilizing enzyme in the tumor may have provided a means of preventing stabilization of the clot. Thus, the tumor appears to have been controlled by denying it the fibrin network. Our studies in vitro indicate that a direct cytotoxic effect of monodansylcadaverineis unlikely.
Effects of Both Oxygen Permeability and Ion Exchange Capacity for Cathode Ionomers on the Performance and Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2018)

For the large-scale commercialization of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), it is very important to reduce the amount of Pt by developing highly efficient cathode catalyst layers (CLs) due to the high cost and limited availability of Pt resources. We investigate the effects of high oxygen permeability ionomers and ion exchange capacity (IEC) on the cathode performance and durability of PEFCs. The high oxygen permeability ionomers are expected to increase the flux of oxygen near the Pt surface of the three-phase boundary, which is critical in the case of extremely low Pt loadings. The low Pt loading cathode CLs are prepared from the AB250-supported Pt catalyst. From the current-voltage (I-E) curve measurements, the high oxygen permeability ionomers improve the cathode performance without any adverse effects. During durability testing, the high IEC ionomers lead to increased solubility of Pt and cause severe Pt agglomeration and a large amount of redeposition of Pt particles in the membrane. Based on these results, we propose a strategy of ionomer property selection to improve both cell performance and durability.
Efficient MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC Intra Transcoding in Transform-domain (2005)

In this paper, we propose a transform-domain MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC intra video transcoder. In the transcoder, the input DCT coefficients are first converted to H.264 transform (HT) coefficients entirely in the transform-domain. A rate-distortion optimized macroblock mode decision is then performed, based on the HT coefficients. Finally, the HT coefficients are coded using the selected modes to generate the output H.264 bitstream. The proposed transcoder is equivalent to the conventional pixel-domain implementation in terms of functionality, but its complexity is significantly lower (on average over 20%). To further reduce its computational complexity, we propose a fast mode decision algorithm based on a simple cost function calculated in the HT-domain. This fast algorithm reduces the complexity requirement about 50%, while maintaining virtually the same coding efficiency.
Revealing differences in gene network inference algorithms on the network level by ensemble methods (2010)

In this article, we conduct a statistical analysis investigating differences and similarities of four network inference algorithms, ARACNE, CLR, MRNET and RN, with respect to local network-based measures. We employ ensemble methods allowing to assess the inferability down to the level of individual edges. Our analysis reveals the bias of these inference methods with respect to the inference of various network components and, hence, provides guidance in the interpretation of inferred regulatory networks from expression data. Further, as application we predict the total number of regulatory interactions in human B cells and hypothesize about the role of Myc and its targets regarding molecular information processing.
ENSURING SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK (2010)

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. In a world of turbulent change, resilience is a key competency since even the most carefully designed supply chain is susceptible to unforeseen events. This article presents a new Supply Chain Resilience Framework to help businesses deal with change. The conceptual framework is based on extant literature and refined through a focus group methodology. Our findings suggest that supply chain resilience can be assessed in terms of two dimensions: vulnerabilities and capabilities. The Zone of Resilience is defined as the desired balance between vulnerabilities and capabilities, where it is proposed that firms will be the most profitable in the long term. We identified seven vulnerability factors composed of 40 specific attributes and 14 capability factors from 71 attributes that facilitate the measurement of resilience. The article concludes with managerial implications and recommendations for future research.
Increased expression of type I collagen induced by microfibril‐associated glycoprotein 2: Novel mechanistic insights into the molecular basis of dermal fibrosis in scleroderma (2005)

This study shows that MAGP-2 stabilizes type I procollagen, identifying an important function of MAGP-2 in extracellular matrix homeostasis. It also suggests that MAGP-2 might mediate skin fibrosis in TSK mice and in patients with scleroderma.
Dominant inhibition of Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis due to a heterozygous mutation associated with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) Type Ib (2007)

Our data explain how a naturally occurring heterozygous human FasL mutation can dominantly interfere with normal FasL apoptotic function and lead to an ALPS phenotype, designated Type Ib.
Investigating the Influence of Resonant Bonding on the Optical Properties of Phase Change Materials (GeTe)<sub><i>x</i></sub>SnSb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> (2017)

Thin film samples of Ge9SnSb2Te9Se4, Ge4.5SnSb2Te4.5Se4, Ge2.5SnSb2Te2.5Se4, and GeSnSb2TeSe4 were prepared via co-sputtering of GeTe and SnSb2Se4 and compared to the well-investigated phase change material GeTe. All samples were obtained in an amorphous state. Temperature-dependent in situ X-ray diffraction experiments reveal a crystallization temperature that increases with an increasing SnSb2Se4 content, leading to a higher stability of the amorphous phase. The electrical contrast between the amorphous and metastable crystalline state investigated via the van der Pauw method is as large as 4 orders of magnitude up to a 4.5:1 GeTe:SnSb2Se4 ratio. Increasing the SnSb2Se4 content leads to a decrease in the electrical contrast. Investigations of the samples by applying Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and variable incident angle spectroscopic ellipsometry show that the optical properties of the amorphous phase are not affected by changes in stoichiometry. In striking contrast, the impact of SnSb2Se4 on the optical properties of the crystalline phases is significant: all optical constants decrease because of the reduction in the level of resonant bonding, which leads to a reduced absolute reflectivity of the crystalline phase resulting in a decrease in the optical contrast. These results support the assumption that resonant bonding is crucial for successful optical phase change memory materials.
Multiple Ruptured Lumber Discs (1955)

Chicago, Illinois Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago Clinics, Chicago, Illinois.
Catalytic mechanism of serine proteases: reexamination of the pH dependence of the histidyl 1J13C2-H coupling constant in the catalytic triad of alpha-lytic protease. (1981)

L-Histidine, 90% 13C enriched at the C2 position, was incorporated into the catalytic triad of alpha-lytic protease (EC 3.4.21.12) with the aid of histidine-requiring mutant of Lysobacter enzymogenes (ATC 29487), and the pH dependence of the coupling constant between this carbon atom and its directly bonded proton was reinvestigated. The high degree of specific 13C isotopic enrichment attainable with the auxotroph permits direct observation and measurement of this coupling constant in proton-coupled 13C NMR spectra at 67.89 MHz and at 15.1 MHz. In contrast to the earlier study, the present study indicate that this coupling constant does respond to a microscopic ionization with pKa near 7.0; moreover, the magnitude of the values of 1JC-H observed are in accord with those expected for titration of the histidyl residue. We conclude that the original measurement must be in error and that this coupling constant now also supports a histidyl residue that titrates more or less normally as a component of the catalytic triad of serine proteases.
Spaceborne bi- and multistatic SAR: potential and challenges (2006)

Bi- and multistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) operates with distinct transmit and receive antennas that are mounted on separate platforms. Such a spatial separation has several operational advantages, which will increase the capability, reliability and flexibility of future SAR missions. Various spaceborne bi- and multistatic SAR configurations are introduced, and their potential for different applications such as frequent monitoring, wide-swath imaging, scene classification, single pass cross-track interferometry and resolution enhancement is compared. Furthermore, some major challenges such as phase and time synchronisation, bi- and multistatic SAR processing, satellite orbit selection and relative position sensing are addressed.