gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realization of back-side heterogeneous hybrid III-V/Si DBR lasers for silicon photonics (2016)

In this paper, the simulation, design and fabrication of a back-side coupling (BSC) concept for silicon photonics, which targets heterogeneous hybrid III-V/Si laser integration is presented. Though various demonstrations of a complete SOI integration of passive and active photonic devices have been made, they all feature multi-level planar metal interconnects, and a lack of integrated light sources. This is mainly due to the conflict between the need of planar surfaces for III-V/Si bonding and multiple levels of metallization. The proposed BSC solution to this topographical problem consists in fabricating lasers on the back-side of the Si waveguides using a new process sequence. The devices are based on a hybrid structure composed of an InGaAsP MQW active area and a Si-based DBR cavity. The emitted light wavelength is accordable within a range of 20 nm around 1.31μm thanks to thermal heaters and the laser output is fiber coupled through a Grating Coupler (GC). From a manufacturing point of view, the BSC approach provides not only the advantages of allowing the use of a thin-BOX SOI instead of a thick one; but it also shifts the laser processing steps and their materials unfriendly to CMOS process to the far back-end areas of fabrication lines. Moreover, aside from solving technological integration issues, the BSC concept offers several new design opportunities for active and passive devices (heat sink, Bragg gratings, grating couplers enhanced with integrated metallic mirrors, tapers…). These building boxes are explored here theoretically and experimentally.
Noise characteristics of double-layered perpendicular media using Fe-Ta-C underlayer (2001)

The noise characteristics of double-layered perpendicular media having an Fe-Ta-C soft-magnetic underlayer were investigated. It was revealed that changes in soft magnetic properties and a consequent increase in media noise occurs when C or Ta are reduced from the standard composition. Two-dimensional spike distributions were observed in a medium using the standard Fe-Ta-C composition, possibly caused by temperature inhomogeneity during the annealing process. It was also concluded that the noise contribution of the spikes was minimal for disks using an Fe-Ta-C SMU.
Evidence-Based Timelines for Project Retrospectives-A Method for Assessing Requirements Engineering in Context (2012)

Effective requirements engineering (RE) can support efficient development of successful products. However, assessing and improving how RE supports its context, i.e. the development life cycle, is non-trivial since many different roles and factors are involved over a long period of time. Project retrospectives may support project teams in reflecting on how requirements are agreed upon and communicated throughout a project. However, time is rarely taken for group reflection after project completion. Furthermore, project events may be recalled differently due to memory bias. We propose supporting project retrospective meetings by providing prepared evidence-based timelines visualizing the project history. The method was designed and evaluated in collaboration with a large telecommunications company using action research with the goal of assessing RE within the full development life-cycle. The initial evaluation results show that the method may support project retrospectives through fact-based memory recall and by enabling efficient and factual group discussions of RE in the context of the project life-cycle. In addition, some areas for improvement of the method have been identified, e.g. strengthened focus on expected outcome and clearer visual separation of evidence types.
Immunological abnormalities in the chronic fatigue syndrome (for editorial comment, see page 117) (1989)

The chronic fatigue syndrome is a disorder of unknown aetiology which is characterized by debilitating fatigue. Recent evidence has suggested that viruses may persist in the tissues of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. A concurrent immunological disturbance is likely to be associated with the persistence of viral antigens. Therefore, the humoral and cellular immunity of 100 patients who were suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome and that of 100 healthy, age- and sex-matched control subjects were compared. This study documents the frequent occurrence of abnormalities within the cellular and humoral immune systems of patients with well-defined chronic fatigue syndrome. Disordered immunity may be central to the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome. In patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction was found in the absolute number of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the total T-cell (CD2), the helper/inducer T-cell (CD4) and the suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell (CD8) subsets. A significant (P less than 0.001) reduction also was found in T-cell function, which was measured: in vivo by delayed-type hypersensitivity skin-testing (reduced responses were recorded in 50 [88%] of 57 patients); and in vitro by phytohaemagglutinin stimulation. Reduced immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were common (56% of patients), with the levels of serum IgG3- and IgG1-subclasses particularly (P less than 0.05) affected.
Mitogenic estrogen metabolites alter the expression of 17beta-estradiol-regulated proteins including heat shock proteins in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. (2005)

Estrogen metabolites are carcinogenic. The comparative mitogenic activities of 17b-estradiol (E2) and four metabolites, 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2), 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), 16a-hydroxyestrone (16a-OHE1) and 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), were determined in estrogen receptor(ER)-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Each of the E2 metabolites caused proliferation of the MCF-7 cells, but only E2 and 16a-OHE1 induced a greater than 20-fold increases in transcripts of the progesterone receptor (PR) gene, a classical ER-mediated gene. This suggests that the mitogenic action of E2 and 16a-OHE1 could result from their effects on gene expression via the ER. E2 metabolites altered the expression of E2-regulated proteins including heat shock proteins (Hsps). 16a-OHE1 and 2-ME as well as E2 increased levels of Hsp56, Hsp60, Hsp90a and Hsp110 transcripts, and the patterns of these inductions resembled that of PR. Hsp56 and Hsp60 protein levels were increased by all the E2 metabolites. Levels of the transcripts of 3 E2-upregulated proteins (XTP3-transactivated protein A, protein disulfide isomerase-associated 4 protein and stathmin 1) and an E2-downregulated protein (aminoacylase 1) were also affected by the E2 metabolites. These results suggest that the altered expression of Hsps (especially Hsp56 and Hsp60) by E2 metabolites such as E2, 16a-OHE1 and 2-ME could be closely linked to their mitogenic action.
Sustained versus eroding community engagement (2005)

The potential benefits of sustained community engagement in the political process are diverse: conflicts addressed and issues publicly debated in the short term, and social capital fostered and civic democracy strengthened for the future. One critical issue for sustainable community engagement is whether individuals who become engaged with an issue will maintain commitment over time. Turnover and attrition from community projects and groups reduces efficiency and prevents the development of social capital from long-term relationships. This paper reviews existing theories of sustained commitment from the social sciences and argues that the social psychology of group processes and identity can make a key contribution to the literature. Supporting evidence is drawn from two studies of passive and active war supporters and opponents conducted during and after the invasion of Iraq. High engagement with the political process among war opponents during the war steeply declined subsequently, providing a natural laboratory to test existing theories and models of sustainable community engagement. While political and sociological models of community participation received support in both studies, psychological identification with the process emerged as a key variable in each case. Moreover, a longitudinal study of activists showed, consistent with social psychological models, that engaging in collective action strengthened psychological identification over time, which reduced the rate of drop-outs. Normative conflicts emerged as key causes of burn-outs in the long term. The theoretical and social implications of the results are discussed.
1‐Methyl‐3‐trimethylsilylparabanic Acid as an Effective Reagent for the Preparation of N‐Substituted (1‐Methyl‐2,5‐dioxo‐1,2,5H‐imidazolin‐4‐yl)amines and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of Isonaamidines A and C, Antitumor Imidazole Alkaloids. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sensitive Photometric Technique for Determination of Organophosphorus Compounds (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSensitive Photometric Technique for Determination of Organophosphorus CompoundsF. T. Eggertsen and F. T. WeissCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 3, 453–455Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60123a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60123a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Testing conventional logic and memory clusters using boundary scan devices as virtual ATE channels (2003)

The test of embedded clusters of conventional logic via boundary scan virtual channels has been shown to be a practical way to test and diagnose structural faults where these clusters are inaccessible to standard ATE (automatic test equipment) channels. Huge quantities of data can be created by this technique, which could result in prohibitive storage requirements and poor throughput. By use of topological data compression and special hardware, the storage requirement can be small and test times limited only by the speed of the boundary scan path. After discussing test pattern generation, the boundary scan environment, and the serialization of test patterns and algorithmic patterns, the author presents applications examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diamond Thin-Film Electrodes for Monitoring Heavy Metal Ions in Water Supplies Using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Conductive diamond is a new electrode material that functions well in anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV); a technique used for the determination of heavy metal ions in aqueous media. Work to adapt a previously developed ground-based method for targeted use onboard the International Space Station (ISS) is the subject of this paper. It is demonstrated that increasing the solution pH from 4.5 to 5.2 (a value near that acceptable for on-board use) did not cause significant alteration in the detection figures of merit for five priority metal ions (Ag(I), Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II)). It is also shown that the addition of Ca(II) and Mg(II) salts at concentrations identical to those presently used in the <i>potable</i> water caused less than a 4% change in the signal obtained for most of the priority metal ions tested. Finally, elimination of the deoxygenation step (nitrogen purge) did not affect the signals for Ag(I) and Cd(II), but did cause a decrease in the signals for Pb(II) and Cu(II). Even with the decreased signals, though, a linear calibration curve was still obtained for Pb(II) with a detection limit of 50 ppb. The long-term electrode response stability for Cd(II) is also reported on. The signal remained constant (RSD ~5%) over a period of several weeks. The method was applied to the analysis of Ag(I) in simulated <i>potable</i> and <i>technical</i> water samples. Analysis of Ag(I) in the <i>potable</i> water sample yielded a result of 430 ± 2 ppb, which is within 2% of the expected value of 422 ppb. Analysis of Ag(I) in the <i>technical</i> water sample yielded a result of 530 ± 16 ppb, which is 9% higher than the expected value of 480 ppb.</div>
Synthesis of Ester Prodrugs of 9-(<i>S</i>)-[3-Hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-2,6-diaminopurine (HPMPDAP) as Anti-Poxvirus Agents (2010)

9-(S)-[3-Hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-2,6-diaminopurine (HPMPDAP) and its cyclic form were selected for further evaluation as potential drug candidates against poxvirus infections. To increase bioavailability of these compounds, synthesis of their structurally diverse ester prodrugs was carried out: alkoxyalkyl (hexadecyloxypropyl, octadecyloxyethyl, hexadecyloxyethyl), pivaloyloxymethyl (POM), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, butylsalicylyl, and prodrugs based on peptidomimetics. Most HPMPDAP prodrugs were synthesized in the form of monoesters as well as the corresponding cyclic phosphonate esters. The activity was evaluated not only against vaccinia virus but also against different herpes viruses. The most potent and active prodrugs against vaccinia virus were the alkoxyalkyl ester derivatives of HPMPDAP, with 50% effective concentrations 400-600-fold lower than those of the parent compound. Prodrugs based on peptidomimetics, the 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, the POM, and the butylsalicylyl derivatives, were able to inhibit vaccinia virus replication at 50% effective concentrations that were equivalent or ∼10-fold lower than those observed for the parent compounds.
Dipolar Sums in the Primitive Cubic Lattices (1955)

Dipole-wave sums, important in many magnetic and electric problems involving dipole-dipole interactions, are defined, and numerical values are given at sets of independent points in k-space equivalent to a 512-fold sampling of the first Brillouin zone of each of the three primitive cubic lattices. Strong size, shape, and position dependence of these sums is shown to occur in a pathological region about the origin in k-space. The dipole-wave sums are shown to be related to dipole-field factors at points within the unit cell. The dipolar anisotropy energy in the antiferromagnet MnO is discussed as an illustration of the use of dipole-wave sums.
A Bayesian experimental autonomous researcher for mechanical design (2020)

While additive manufacturing (AM) has facilitated the production of complex structures, it has also highlighted the immense challenge inherent in identifying the optimum AM structure for a given application. Numerical methods are important tools for optimization, but experiment remains the gold standard for studying nonlinear, but critical, mechanical properties such as toughness. To address the vastness of AM design space and the need for experiment, we develop a Bayesian experimental autonomous researcher (BEAR) that combines Bayesian optimization and high-throughput automated experimentation. In addition to rapidly performing experiments, the BEAR leverages iterative experimentation by selecting experiments based on all available results. Using the BEAR, we explore the toughness of a parametric family of structures and observe an almost 60-fold reduction in the number of experiments needed to identify high-performing structures relative to a grid-based search. These results show the value of machine learning in experimental fields where data are sparse.
Next Generation More-Electric Aircraft: A Potential Application for HTS Superconductors (2009)

Sustainability in the aviation industry calls for aircraft that are significantly quieter and more fuel efficient than today's fleet. Achieving this will require revolutionary new concepts, in particular, electric propulsion. Superconducting machines offer the only viable path to achieve the power densities needed in airborne applications. This paper outlines the main issues involved in using superconductors for aeropropulsion. We review our investigation of the feasibility of superconducting electric propulsion, which integrate for the first time, the multiple disciplines and areas of expertise needed to design electric aircraft. It is shown that superconductivity is clearly the enabling technology for the more efficient turbo-electric aircraft of the future.
The Global Burden of Potential Productivity Loss from Uncorrected Presbyopia (2015)

Even with conservative assumptions regarding the productive population, presbyopia is a significant burden on productivity, and correction would have a significant impact on productivity in lower-income countries.
Successful Salvage and Tie-Back Operations for a Hurricane-Damaged Satellite Well in the Gulf of Mexico (1986)

Abstract The Eugene Island Block 174 Well No. 3 was producing 1000 B0PD before it was blown over by Hurricane Danny in August, 1985. The well was located offshore Louisiana in 80′ of water. The 60″ OD x 1.75″ wall caisson which supported the satellite well was sheared in two at four feet below the mudline, while the upper portion of the well was bent 85 degrees from vertical. Taking into account the severe bending of the tubing and casing, reduced pressure ratings were calculated and the well was killed. Successive windows were cut in the casing by divers to evaluate the inner pipe strings for salvageability. The tubing strings were plugged with cement and the well was severed at the bend area with high explosive shape charges. The casing stubs were dressed off and the well tied back. The successful salvage operation achieved a two million dollar cost savings when compared to drilling a replacement well.
Effects of Levosimendan, a Cardiotonic Agent Targeted to Troponin C, on Cardiac Function and on Phosphorylation and Ca<sup>2+</sup>Sensitivity of Cardiac Myofibrils and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Guinea Pig Heart (1995)

A new cardiotonic agent, (R)-[[4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridazinyl)-phenyl] hydrazono]propanedinitrile (Levosimendan), has been developed and screened for its ability to bind to cardiac troponin C. In perfused hearts, low concentrations of 0.03 or 0.1 mumol/L Levosimendan increased +dP/dt, but did not affect the speed of relaxation and produced only a slight increase in spontaneous heart rate in the hearts perfused with 0.1 mumol/L of the drug. In these same hearts, perfusion with 0.03 mumol/L Levosimendan did not alter the 32P incorporation into troponin I or C protein, whereas a slight but significant increase was noted for phospholamban, with no detectable change in tissue cAMP levels. Administration of 0.1 or 0.3 mumol/L Levosimendan significantly increased myocardial cAMP levels as well as the phosphorylation of phospholamban, troponin I, and C protein. Levosimendan (0.03 to 10 mumol/L) reversibly increased force generated by detergent-extracted fiber bundles over a range of submaximally activating free Ca2+ concentrations with no significant effect on maximum force or on Ca2+ binding to myofilament troponin C. There was no direct effect of Levosimendan on Ca2+ uptake by vesicles of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In contrast, under conditions optimal for cAMP-dependent phosphorylation, Levosimendan slightly but significantly lowered the concentration of Ca2+, yielding half-maximal uptake rates by the SR vesicles. Our results indicate that at low concentrations Levosimendan acts preferably as a Ca2+ sensitizer, whereas at higher concentrations its action as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor contributes to the positive inotropic effect.
VIRTUAL SYSTEM METHOD FOR SYSTEM TREE (1995)

A machine, or other type of , can often be divided into several subsystems (components)and these subsystems again can be divided into sevreral subsystems (second generation). This process forms a system tree. To assess the reliability of the machine based on data from the trials of components of the machine, virtual system method is employed. It is proved in the paper that the lower confident limit of the reliability of the machine set by the virtual system method is level consistent and asymptotically optimal while the one set by Lindstrom-Maddens method is not.
The Synthesis and Spectrum of 2-Cyclopropylpyridine<sup>*</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Spectrum of 2-Cyclopropylpyridine*Raymond P. Mariella, Lowell F. A. Peterson, and Robert C. FerrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 4, 1494–1497Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01184a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01184a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-Time Adaptive Radiometric Compensation (2007)

Recent radiometric compensation techniques make it possible to project images onto colored and textured surfaces. This is realized with projector-camera systems by scanning the projection surface on a per-pixel basis. Using the captured information, a compensation image is calculated that neutralizes geometric distortions and color blending caused by the underlying surface. As a result, the brightness and the contrast of the input image is reduced compared to a conventional projection onto a white canvas. If the input image is not manipulated in its intensities, the compensation image can contain values that are outside the dynamic range of the projector. These will lead to clipping errors and to visible artifacts on the surface. In this article, we present an innovative algorithm that dynamically adjusts the content of the input images before radiometric compensation is carried out. This reduces the perceived visual artifacts while simultaneously preserving a maximum of luminance and contrast. The algorithm is implemented entirely on the GPU and is the first of its kind to run in real-time.