gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced complexity channel estimation method for multi input multi output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems by subspace tracking (2013)

In multi input multi output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems, a group of low complexity subspace based time domain channel estimation methods are studied. These methods are based on parametric channel model, where the response of the channel is considered as a collection of sparse propagation paths. Considering the channel correlation matrix, translate estimation of channel parameters into an unconstrained minimized problem. To solve this problem, subspace tracking based Kalman filter method is proposed, which employs the constant subspace to construct state equation and measurement equation. The Least Mean Square and Recursive Least Square algorithms are applied and evaluated. These methods represent a group of low complexity subspace schemes. The approach can be extended to multi carrier code-division multiple-access systems. The simulation results prove that the Kalman filter method in time domain channel estimation can track faster fading channel, and is more accurate with low complexity.
Selectivity between Oxygen and Chlorine Evolution in the Chlor-Alkali and Chlorate Processes (2016)

Chlorine gas and sodium chlorate are two base chemicals produced through electrolysis of sodium chloride brine which find uses in many areas of industrial chemistry. Although the industrial production of these chemicals started over 100 years ago, there are still factors that limit the energy efficiencies of the processes. This review focuses on the unwanted production of oxygen gas, which decreases the charge yield by up to 5%. Understanding the factors that control the rate of oxygen production requires understanding of both chemical reactions occurring in the electrolyte, as well as surface reactions occurring on the anodes. The dominant anode material used in chlorate and chlor-alkali production is the dimensionally stable anode (DSA), Ti coated by a mixed oxide of RuO2 and TiO2. Although the selectivity for chlorine evolution on DSA is high, the fundamental reasons for this high selectivity are just now becoming elucidated. This review summarizes the research, since the early 1900s until today, concerning the selectivity between chlorine and oxygen evolution in chlorate and chlor-alkali production. It covers experimental as well as theoretical studies and highlights the relationships between process conditions, electrolyte composition, the material properties of the anode, and the selectivity for oxygen formation.
Dental restorative biomaterials induce glutathione depletion in cultured human gingival fibroblast: Protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine (2000)

Eight biomaterials eluted from four different types of dental restorative biomaterials, that is, from glass-ionomer cement (GIC: Ketac-fil and Fuji II), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC: Fuji II LC and Photac-fil), composite (Z100 MP and Tetric-flow), and compomer (Compoglass F and F-2000), were studied for their cytotoxic properties in relation to glutathione (GSH) content in cultured human gingival fibroblasts. Z100 MP, Tetric-flow, and Compoglass F were less cytotoxic than the others, with a toxic concentration of 50% (TC 50) > 24% (of eluate), as determined by the MTT test. F-2000, Tetric-flow, and the other biomaterials were relatively more cytotoxic (TC 50 = 9-16%). With the exception of Z100 MP, all the biomaterials induced a depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) that was variable depending upon the biomaterial eluates. The strongest GSH depletion was with F-2000, Fuji II, and Photac-fil. GSH depletion, with Compoglass and F-2000, was rapid-detectable after one h of cell treatment and complete within 3 h-whereas a longer period of incubation was required for the other biomaterials. Interestingly, the drug cytotoxic effects induced by all the biomaterials were prevented by cell treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). This study provides evidence that the cytotoxic property of dental restorative biomaterials is associated with depletion of the glutathione level in gingival fibroblasts. While the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon require further investigations, our data suggest that NAC may be useful in preventing the cellular damage induced by dental restorative biomaterials.
FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF GAS SEEPAGE IN ROCK AND OPEN-CRACK (1992)

数種の円柱および大型円筒形の岩石供試体を用いた室内透気実験を行い, 乾燥および湿潤状態における透気のパラメータを決定した, その結果. 本実験で用いた岩石の固有浸透係数は, 概ね1×10-19～1×10-15m2の範囲にあった. また, 地下深部を想定した高圧条件下での開口割れ目における漏気条件に関する実験を行い, 水圧および割れ目幅と漏気限界ガス圧の関係を得た.
Emodin inhibits coxsackievirus B3 replication via multiple signalling cascades leading to suppression of translation (2015)

CVB3 (coxsackievirus 3) is a primary causal agent of viral myocarditis. Emodin is a natural compound isolated from certain plant roots. In the present study, we found that emodin inhibited CVB3 replication in vitro and in mice, and now we report an unrecognized mechanism by which emodin inhibits CVB3 replication through suppression of viral protein translation via multiple pathways. On one hand, emodin treatment inhibited Akt/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling and activated 4EBP1 (eukaryotic initiation factor 4R-binding protein 1), leading to suppression of translation initiation of ribosomal protein L32 encoded by a 5'-TOP (terminal oligopyrimidine) mRNA. On the other hand, emodin treatment differentially regulated multiple signal cascades, including Akt/mTORC1/p70(S6K) (p70 S6 kinase), ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2)/p90(RSK) (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin, leading to activation of eEF2K (eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase) and subsequent inactivation of eEF2 (eukaryotic elongation factor 2), resulting in inhibition of CVB3 VP1 (viral protein 1) synthesis. These data imply that eEF2K is a major factor mediating cross-talk of different arms of signalling cascades in this signal network. This notion was verified by either overexpressing eEF2K or treating the cells with siRNAs or eEF2K inhibitor A484954. We showed further that the emodin-induced decrease in p70(S6K) phosphorylation plays a dominant positive role in activation of eEF2K and in turn in conferring the antiviral effect of emodin. This finding was further solidified by expressing constitutively active and dominant-negative Akt. Collectively, our data reveal that emodin inhibits viral replication through impairing translational machinery and suppression of viral translation elongation.
The Structural Determination of an Insect Sterol Carrier Protein-2 with a Ligand-bound C16 Fatty Acid at 1.35-Å Resolution (2003)

Yellow fever mosquito sterol carrier protein (SCP-2) is known to bind to cholesterol. We report here the three-dimensional structure of the complex of SCP-2 from Aedes aegypti with a C16 fatty acid to 1.35-A resolution. The protein fold is exceedingly similar to the human and rabbit proteins, which consist of a five-stranded beta-sheet that exhibits strand order 3-2-1-4-5 with an accompanying layer of four alpha-helices that cover the beta-sheet. A large cavity exists at the interface of the layer alpha-helices and the beta-sheet, which serves as the fatty acid binding site. The carboxylate moiety of the fatty acid is coordinated by a short loop that connects the first alpha-helix to the first beta-strand, whereas the acyl chain extends deep into the interior of the protein. Interestingly, the orientation of the fatty acid is opposite to the observed orientation for Triton X-100 in the SCP-2-like domain from the peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme (Haapalainen, A. M., van Aalten, D. M., Merilainen, G., Jalonen, J. E., Pirila, P., Wierenga, R. K., Hiltunen, J. K., and Glumoff, T. (2001) J. Mol. Biol. 313, 1127-1138). The present study suggests that the binding pocket in the SCP-2 family of proteins may exhibit conformational flexibility to allow coordination of a variety of lipids.
Secure Remote Management and Software Distribution for Wireless Mesh Networks (2007)

&gt; Wireless mesh networks&gt; Features of our management solution&gt; Target scenario&gt; Implementation — Hardware — Embedded linux image for wireless mesh nodes — Configuration and management software — Distribution of node configurations and software updates — Integration of new node into existing network&gt; Conclusion
A Computationally Universal Field Computer That is Purely Linear (1993)

As defined in MacLennan (1987), a field computer is a (spatial) continuum-limit neural net. This paper investigates field computers whose temporal dynamics is also continuum-limit, being governed by an integro-differential equation. Such systems are motivated both as a means of studying neural nets and as a model for cognitive processing. As this paper proves, even when they are purely linear. such systems are computationally universal. The &quot;trick&quot; used to get such universal nonlinear behavior from a purely linear system is quite similar to the way nonlinear macroscopic physics arises from the purely linear microscopic physics of Schrodinger&apos;s equation. More precisely, the &quot;trick&quot; involves interpreting the system in a non-linear way. That is, the meaning of the system&apos;s output is determined by which neurons have an activation exceeding a threshold (which in this paper is taken to be 0), rather than by the actual activation values of the neurons. (This The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hy...
64 Kbit CMVP FeRAM macro with reliable retention/imprint characteristics (2002)

Packaged CMVP FeRAM chip reliability is evaluated for the first time. A 64 Kbit CMVP FeRAM macro is integrated with 0.35 /spl mu/m 3-level metallization CMOS logic devices. The ferroelectric properties of the PZT capacitor formed below 430/spl deg/C are not degraded even after plasma-SiON passivation. This is due to hydrogen barrier effect of TiN, and the high process damage immunity of the MOCVD PZT film. No failed bits are observed after a 240-hour retention/imprint period at temperatures between 25/spl deg/C and 150/spl deg/C with write/read voltages between 2.7 V and 5.5 V.
Applying Data Mining to Customer Churn Prediction in an Internet Service Provider (2010)

A business incurs much higher charges when attempting to win new customers than to retain existing ones. As a result, much research has been invested into new ways of identifying those customers who have a high risk of churning. However, customer retention efforts have also been costing organizations large amounts of resources. Same is the situation in ISP industry in I.R.Iran. Exploiting the use of demographic, billing and usage data, this study tends to identify the best churn predictors on the one hand and evaluates the accuracy of different data mining techniques on the other. Clustering users as per their usage features and incorporating that cluster membership information in classification models is another aspect which has been addressed in this study.
Organometallic Donor−Acceptor Conjugated Polymer Semiconductors: Tunable Optical, Electrochemical, Charge Transport, and Photovoltaic Properties (2009)

A series of 11 organometallic conjugated polymer semiconductors bearing a platinum (Pt) center have been synthesized and their electronic band structures, field-effect charge transport, and use in bulk heterojunction solar cells were evaluated. The Pt-bridged donor−acceptor conjugated poly(aryleneethynylene)s were synthesized by Sonogashira-type polycondensation and are exemplified by poly[4-(5′-trans-bis(tributylphosphine)platinum ethynyl-thiophen-2′-yl)-7-(5′′-ethynyl-thiophen-2′′-yl)-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole] (BT-BTPt), poly[5-(5′-trans-bis(tributylphosphine)platinum ethynyl-thiophen-2′-yl)-8-(5′′-ethynyl-thiophen-2′′-yl)-2,3-diheptyl-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine] (HPP-BTPt), and poly[5-(5′-trans-bis(tributylphosphine)platinum ethynyl-thiophen-2′-yl)-7-(5′′-ethynyl-thiophen-2′′-yl)-thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine] (TP-BTPt). The Pt-bridged polymers had reversible electrochemical reduction waves from which electron affinities were found to be 2.95 to 3.28 eV. From the onset oxidation potentials of the polymers, we similarly determined ionization potentials to be 4.82 to 5.23 eV. Optical bandgaps of the donor−acceptor polymers were 1.49 to 1.97 eV. The spin coated polymer thin films showed p-channel field-effect charge transport with average hole mobilities of 3.87 × 10−7 to 3.32 × 10−5 cm2/(V s). Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on blends of the polymers with [6,6]phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) gave power conversion efficiencies as high as 0.68% for HPP-BTPt and 2.41% for BT-BTPt. These results demonstrate the molecular engineering of the electronic band structures and the optical, charge transport, and photovoltaic properties of organometallic donor−acceptor conjugated polymer semiconductors.
Distinct phenotypic states and spatial distribution of CD8+ T cell clonotypes in human brain metastases (2022)

Metastatic disease in the brain is difficult to control and predicts poor prognosis. Here, we analyze human brain metastases and demonstrate their robust infiltration by CD8(+) T cell subsets with distinct antigen specificities, phenotypic states, and spatial localization within the tumor microenvironment. Brain metastases are densely infiltrated by T cells; the majority of infiltrating CD8(+) T cells express PD-1. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows significant clonal overlap between proliferating and exhausted CD8(+) T cells, but these subsets have minimal clonal overlap with circulating and other tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells, including bystander CD8(+) T cells specific for microbial antigens. Using spatial transcriptomics and spatial T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, we show these clonally unrelated, phenotypically distinct CD8(+) T cell populations occupy discrete niches within the brain metastasis tumor microenvironment. Together, our work identifies signaling pathways within CD8(+) T cells and in their surrounding environment that may be targeted for immunotherapy of brain metastases.
Abnormal Blood Rheology in Progressive Renal Failure: A Factor in Non-immune Glomerular Injury? (1988)

Chronic renal insufficiency progresses by a final common pathway of glomerular damage characterised by microvascular injury and glomerulosclerosis. In order to investigate the possible role of blood rheology in this process, rheological indices were compared between healthy controls and a group of patients with progressive renal failure due to renal diseases that were not considered to be immunologically mediated. Plasma viscosity was significantly increased in the renal insufficiency group (P less than 0.005), and correlated with raised plasma concentrations of fibrinogen (r = 0.63; P less than 0.005). Whole-blood viscosity corrected to a standard haematocrit of 0.45 was also raised. A weak but significant correlation was seen between plasma viscosity and 24-h urinary protein excretion (r = 0.50; P less than 0.005). Our data show that in chronic renal insufficiency, rheology is abnormal. Proteinuria correlates with plasma viscosity, which is consistent with the hypothesis that raised plasma viscosity leads to an increase in glomerular capillary pressure and thence glomerular permeability. Correction of rheological abnormalities might help to preserve kidney function and reduce proteinuria in these patients.
CMOS VLSI設計の原理 : システムの視点から (1988)

１ ＣＭＯＳ技術入門（ＣＭＯＳ回路入門；ＭＯＳトランジスタの理論；ＣＭＯＳプロセス ほか） ２ システム設計と設計方法（構造化設計とテスト；シンボリックレイアウト；ＣＭＯＳサブシステムの設計） ３ ＣＭＯＳシステム事例研究（ＣＭＯＳシステム事例研究）
Helium and Combustion Gas Turbine Power Conversion Systems Comparison (1995)

For closed-cycle gas turbines, in a size to meet utility power generation needs, the selection of helium as the working fluid represents the best solution in terms of the overall power conversion system considering the differing requirements of the turbomachinery and heat exchangers. Helium is well suited for the nuclear Brayton cycle because it is neutronically inert. The impact of helium’s unique properties on the performance and size of the power conversion system components is discussed in this paper. The helium gas turbine plants, that have operated were based on 1950s and 1960s technology, represent a valuable technology base in terms of practical experience gained. However, the design of the Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR), which could see utility service in the first decade of the 21st century will utilize turbomachinery and heat exchanger technologies from the combustion gas turbine and aerospace industries. An understanding of how the design of power conversion systems for closed-cycle plants and combustion gas turbines are affected by the working fluids (i.e., helium and air, respectively) is the major theme of this paper.
Enhancement of (<i>R</i>)-1,3-butanediol production by engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> using a bioreactor system with strict regulation of overall oxygen transfer coefficient and pH (2014)

(R)-1,3-butanediol ((R)-1,3-BD) is an important substrate for the synthesis of industrial chemicals. Despite its large demand, a bioprocess for the efficient production of 1,3-BD from renewable resources has not been developed. We previously reported the construction of recombinant Escherichia coli that could efficiently produce (R)-1,3-BD from glucose. In this study, the fermentation conditions were optimized to further improve 1,3-BD production by the recombinant strain. A batch fermentation was performed with an optimized overall oxygen transfer coefficient (82.3 h(-1)) and pH (5.5); the 1,3-BD concentration reached 98.5 mM after 36 h with high-yield (0.444 mol (mol glucose)(-1)) and a high maximum production rate (3.63 mM h(-1)). In addition, a fed-batch fermentation enabled the recombinant strain to produce 174.8 mM 1,3-BD after 96 h cultivation with a yield of 0.372 mol (mol glucose)(-1), a maximum production rate of 3.90 mM h(-1), and a 98.6% enantiomeric excess (% ee) of (R)-1,3-BD.
Thermal Spraying of Nano-Crystalline Coatings for Al-Cylinder Bores (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The fuel consumption of modern passenger cars can be reduced by utilizing lightweight construction as well as by decreasing internal friction losses in the drive train. Modern engine blocks are partly made of cast iron or alumimum material whereas for the later hypo-eutectic AlSi-alloys dominate. Due to the low hardness, surfaces made of these alloys cannot be used as a friction partner for the piston rings. Cast iron liners are often inserted into the engine block to provide a wear-resistant surface for the piston rings. This work describes how cast iron liners can be replaced by thin, nanocrystalline iron based coatings in order to decrease friction losses as well as reduce the engine weight. The coatings were applied by thermal spraying with the Plasma Transferred Wire Arc internal diameter coating system.</div>
Metabolic Oxidation of Aliphatic Basic Nitrogen Atoms and their α-Carbon Atoms (1971)

1. Evidence is presented to show that in primary, secondary and tertiary aralkylamines, N-oxidation and α-C-oxidation involve separate metabolic routes; steric and stereochemical features, enzyme inhibition, induction, development and alteration are used in the studies.2. Metabolic oxidation of tertiary nitrogen atoms gives N-oxides, while oxidation of secondary and primary aliphatic amines gives hydroxylamines.3. The chemical breakdown of hydroxylamines to oximes, ketones and aldehydes under different conditions is discussed.4. The importance of distinguishing between metabolites and their chemical breakdown products, ‘metabonates’, is stressed.
Water-Soluble Cationic Poly(<i>p</i>-phenyleneethynylene)s (PPEs):  Effects of Acidity and Ionic Strength on Optical Behavior (2005)

Three cationic PPEs P1‘−P3‘ were obtained through quaternization of their neutral polymers, of which all side chains were respectively featured with a tertiary amino group (P1), an alternative tertiary amino and tri(ethylene glycol)methyl ether group (P2), and an alternative tertiary amino and dodecyloxy group (P3). P1‘ showed intrinsic water-solubility although its quaternization degree was only 45%. Slightly blue-shifted UV−vis absorption maxima in an acidic environment (maximal Δλmax ≈ 3 nm) and obvious red-shifted absorption (maximal Δλmax ≈ 30 nm) and emission maxima (maximal Δλmax ≈ 20 nm) in an alkaline environment at pH < 13 are explained in terms of pH-induced planarization of the conjugated backbone. After the pH was increased to 14, a new absorption (λmax ≈ 478 nm) and emission (λmax ≈ 495 nm) peak appeared in the redder region and the fluorescence intensity further dramatically decreased, implying the occurrence of the conformational change from the planarization of conjugated backbone to the interchain aggregation. The fluorescence enhancement of P1‘ in an acidic environment and the fluorescence decrease of P1‘ in an alkaline environment are attributed to the pH-influenced quenching ability of the nonbonding electron pair on the nitrogen atom, which belongs to the unquaternized tertiary amino group on the side chain, and the interchain aggregation. Such pH-influenced fluorescence intensity can be efficiently buffered by adding salts at pH < 10. Although adding salts in a neutral environment only creates the planarization of PPE conjugated backbone, adding salts in an alkaline environment significantly promotes the formation of interchain aggregation. Amplified quenching of P1‘ by anionic quencher Fe(CN)64- was observed and its Ksv increased significantly after adding salts or increasing pH to 14, for example from Ksv = 9.6 × 105 M-1 at pH = 7 to 7.7 × 106 M-1 at pH = 10 when [NaCl] = 0.1 M, due to the formation of elongated π-conjugation.
The Porcine and Lagomorph Septal Cartilages: Models for Tissue Engineering and Morphologic Cartilage Research (2001)

Interest in reconstruction and modification of the facial cartilaginous frameworks using advanced technology and instrumentation is growing rapidly. Despite this maturing interest, no animal model has been established to provide morphologic cartilage tissue with similar characteristics to human septum in suitable quantities. The objective of this study was to characterize porcine and lagomorph (rabbit) nasal septal cartilage tissue. Both models share great similarity with their human counterpart and provide a low-cost, high-volume, and easily obtained source of bulk cartilage tissue. We present a technique for harvesting intact septal cartilages from these species, and characterize select cellular, metabolic, and physical properties using pulse-chase radiolabeling, flow cytometry, and mechanical analysis. Our selective evaluation of key tissue properties establishes these species as appropriate animal models for nasal septal cartilaginous surgery.