gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COLLECTIVE PAIRWISE CLASSIFICATION FOR MULTI-WAY ANALYSIS OF DISEASE AND DRUG DATA (2015)

Interactions between drugs, drug targets or diseases can be predicted on the basis of molecular, clinical and genomic features by, for example, exploiting similarity of disease pathways, chemical structures, activities across cell lines or clinical manifestations of diseases. A successful way to better understand complex interactions in biomedical systems is to employ collective relational learning approaches that can jointly model diverse relationships present in multiplex data. We propose a novel collective pairwise classification approach for multi-way data analysis. Our model leverages the superiority of latent factor models and classifies relationships in a large relational data domain using a pairwise ranking loss. In contrast to current approaches, our method estimates probabilities, such that probabilities for existing relationships are higher than for assumed-to-be-negative relationships. Although our method bears correspondence with the maximization of non-differentiable area under the ROC curve, we were able to design a learning algorithm that scales well on multi-relational data encoding interactions between thousands of entities.We use the new method to infer relationships from multiplex drug data and to predict connections between clinical manifestations of diseases and their underlying molecular signatures. Our method achieves promising predictive performance when compared to state-of-the-art alternative approaches and can make "category-jumping" predictions about diseases from genomic and clinical data generated far outside the molecular context.
Variations in Trait-Anxiety and Achievement Motivation of College Students as a Function of Classroom Seating Position (1993)

Abstract In Experiment 1, college undergraduates were given three tests measuring state, trait, and text anxiety. The test scores were then analyzed according to which row in the classroom the students chose to sit in. The results showed no relationship between seating position and state- and test-anxiety scores. Trait-anxiety scores, however, significantly increased beyond the front row. Experiment 2 measured achievement motivation of college freshmen prior to their taking a course. Achievement scores were highest for students who subsequently selected seats in the front third of the room at the beginning of the course. Overall, the results show that personality traits are related to seating choice and that such traits may actually cause a student's choice.
Units (2010)

Abstract A generally accepted consistent system of dimensions and units is indispensable for trade, industrial production, communication in pure and applied science, and many other applications. Requirements on a system of units for expressing the values of quantities are presented and discussed. The International System of Units (SI), based on its recent eighth edition by the Bureau International des Poids et Measures (BIPM), is presented as such a consistent system of units. Guidance on its use is given and its future development is discussed. Support for converting non‐SI units to SI units is provided in an appendix.
Beauty as a measurement of performance: an introduction to the calculus of predispositions (2002)

Such seemingly unlike problems as the evaluation of a position in chess, the nonclassical analysis of the behavior of corporations, and the concept of perception of art works elaborated by G. Birkhoff reveal that all of these cases lend themselves to the same formal treatment as the calculus of predispositions. The major thrust of this calculus is to bring out the degree of development by means of the weight function whose value is the degree of beauty. This function involves the material parameters, weighted by unconditional evaluations, and in addition, relational parameters as independent variables with corresponding subjective evaluations. The essence of the aesthetic method and its applications to economics are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-Performance Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Al-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Electron Transport Layer (2018)

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used as the electron transport layer (ETL) in quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) owing to their suitable electrical properties. However, because of the well-aligned conduction band levels, electrons in QDs can be spontaneously transferred to adjacent ZnO NPs, leading to severe exciton dissociation, which reduces the proportion of radiative recombination and deteriorates the device efficiency. In this work, Al-doped ZnO NPs are thoroughly investigated as a replacement of ZnO for QLEDs. The energy band structures of Al-doped ZnO are modified by adjusting the concentration of Al dopants. With the increasing Al content, the work function and the conduction band edge of ZnO are gradually raised, and thus the charge transfer at the interface of QDs/ETL is effectively suppressed. Consequently, the green QLEDs with 10% Al-doped ZnO NPs exhibit maximum current efficiency and external quantum efficiency of 59.7 cd/A and 14.1%, which are about 1.8-fold higher than 33.3 cd/A and 7.9% of the devices with undoped ZnO NPs. Our work suggests that Al-doped ZnO NPs can serve as a good electron transport/injection material in QLEDs and other optoelectronic devices.
Immutable and Democratic Data in Permissionless Peer-to-Peer Systems (2019)

Conventional data storage methods like SQL and NoSQL offer a huge amount of possibilities with one major disadvantage, having to use a centralized authority. This authority may be in the form of a centralized or decentralized master server or a permissioned peer-to-peer setting. This paper looks at different technologies on how to persist data without using a central authority, mainly looking at permissionless peer-to-peer networks, primarily Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) and a combination of DLTs with conventional databases. Afterwards it is shown how a system like this might be implemented in two prototypes which are then evaluated against conventional databases.
Catching the Cheshire Cat (1994)

Finding useful phrases is important in applications like information retrieval, and text-to-speech systems. One of the currently most used statistics is the mutual information ratio. This paper compares the mutual information ratio and a measure that takes temporal ordering into account. Using this modified measure, some local syntactic constraints as well as phrases are captured.
Avoidance Conditioning with Brief Shock and No Exteroceptive Warning Signal (1953)

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Failure to detect <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> in brain tissues of Alzheimer’s disease (1999)

Chlamydia pneumoniae , a human respiratory pathogen, has recently been reported to be associated with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.1,2 Balin et al. has reported detection of this organism by PCR, immunocytochemistry (ICC), and electron microscopy in the brain tissues of AD in 17 of 19 patients.3 However, Gieffers et al. failed to detect C. pneumoniae by PCR in brain tissues of 20 patients with AD.4 …
Triad-NVM (2019)

Non-Volatile Memory is here and provides an attractive fabric for main memory. Unlike DRAM, non-volatile main memory (NVMM) retains data after power loss. This allows memory to host data persistently across crashes and reboots, but opens up opportunities for attackers to snoop and/or tamper with data between boot episodes. While memory encryption and integrity verification have been well studied for DRAM systems, new challenges surface for NVMM if we want to simultaneously preserve security guarantees, data recovery across crashes/reboots, good persistence performance, and fast recovery.
The Internet as a Source of Information on Breast Augmentation (2001)

The Internet was evaluated as a source of information for the layperson on the topic of breast augmentation. Three commonly used search engines (Excite, AOL, and Yahoo) were employed using the term "breast augmentation." These sites were then evaluated by each of three experienced plastic surgeons for their quality and content. Separately, 17 health Web sites were identified as authoritative by means of recommendation in lay publications. Each "supersite" was accessed, and its search engine was used. The top 10 hits for "breast augmentation" on each site were then evaluated by the senior author for content (Matthews). We found the majority of sites identified by the general search engines (AOL, Excite, Yahoo) to be physician Web sites. Forty-one unique sites were found that applied to the topic. Four of the "hits" did not actually apply to the topic. In general, the applicable Web sites contained limited but accurate procedural details and offered an interactive forum, most commonly email responses. Photographic documentation was given in less than half the sites reviewed, and most of the results shown were only "good" outcomes. Most sites did not discuss any complications of surgical procedures, but those that did were usually accurate. Eighty-three percent of the sites were biased toward a particular surgical technique. The reviewers believe that only about 15 percent of the sites were acceptable to recommend to their patients. The senior author accessed 17 Web sites that are considered authoritative health information Web sites. Each of these sites was searched for information on breast augmentation by means of its internal search engine. Only 29 percent (5 of 17) had any information in their top 10 hits. Three sites had only chat transcripts. One site had limited but accurate information with a link to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and one site had scientific information on product safety. No site met the criteria of accurate, complete information on the surgical procedure of breast augmentation. This study demonstrates that it is difficult for the average layperson to get authoritative information quickly and easily on at least one aspect of cosmetic surgery.
Slot Study in Rectangular TEM Transmission Line (1952)

Abstract : The measured characteristics of slots in a transmission line propagating the TEM mode are given in Part I. The line consists of a rectangular outer conductor and a round inner conductor. A comparison is made between measured and theoretical results. The characteristics of dumbbell-loaded slots are shown. The results are also presented for a linear array which was designed using the dumbbell-loaded slots. In Part II the investigations were carried out in a line consisting of a rectangular outer conductor and a flat center conductor. Effects of different types of loading on resonant length and resonant frequency were investigated. The bandwidth of transverse slots as a function of shape and loading was studied and a comparison for various slot configuration is given.
Oriented graphitic carbon films for hydrogen gas sensors (2010)

An oriented graphitic nanostructured carbon film has been employed as a conductometric hydrogen gas sensor. The carbon film was energetically deposited using a filtered cathodic vacuum arc with a -75 V bias applied to a stainless steel grid placed 1cm from the surface of the Si substrate. The substrate was heated to 400°C prior to deposition. Electron microscopy showed evidence that the film consisted largely of vertically oriented graphitic sheets and had a density of 2.06 g/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . 76% of the atoms were bonded in sp <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> or graphitic configurations. A change in the device resistance of >; 1.5% was exhibited upon exposure to 1 % hydrogen gas (in synthetic, zero humidity air) at 100°C. The time for the sensor resistance to increase by 1.5 % under these conditions was approximately 60 s and the baseline (zero hydrogen exposure) resistance remained constant to within 0.01% during and after the hydrogen exposures.
Synthetic Lethal Compound Combinations Reveal a Fundamental Connection between Wall Teichoic Acid and Peptidoglycan Biosyntheses in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2010)

Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus depends on the production of mecA, which encodes penicillin-binding protein 2A (PBP2A), an acquired peptidoglycan transpeptidase (TP) with reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics. PBP2A cross-links nascent peptidoglycan when the native TPs are inhibited by β-lactams. Although mecA expression is essential for β-lactam resistance, it is not sufficient. Here we show that blocking the expression of wall teichoic acids (WTAs) by inhibiting the first enzyme in the pathway, TarO, sensitizes methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains to β-lactams even though the β-lactam-resistant transpeptidase, PBP2A, is still expressed. The dramatic synergy between TarO inhibitors and β-lactams is noteworthy not simply because strategies to overcome MRSA are desperately needed but because neither TarO nor the activities of the native TPs are essential in MRSA strains. The "synthetic lethality" of inhibiting TarO and the native TPs suggests a functional connection between ongoing WTA expression and peptidoglycan assembly in S. aureus. Indeed, transmission electron microscopy shows that S. aureus cells blocked in WTA synthesis have extensive defects in septation and cell separation, indicating dysregulated cell wall assembly and degradation. Our studies imply that WTAs play a fundamental role in S. aureus cell division and raise the possibility that synthetic lethal compound combinations may have therapeutic utility for overcoming antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
Static active‐matrix OLED display without pixel refresh enabled by amorphous‐silicon non‐volatile memory (2010)

Abstract— An active‐matrix organic light‐emitting‐diode (AMOLED) display which does not require pixel refresh is demonstrated. This was achieved by replacing the thin‐film transistor (TFT) that drives the OLED with a non‐volatile memory TFT, in a 2‐transistor pixel circuit. The threshold voltage of the non‐volatile‐memory TFT can be changed by applying programming voltage pulses to the gate electrode. This approach eliminates the need for storage capacitors, increases the pixel fill factor, and potentially reduces power consumption. Each pixel can be individually programmed or erased using a standard active‐matrix addressing scheme. The programmed image is stored in the display even if power is turned off.
Effect of the Polarity of the III-V Intermetallic Compounds on Etching (1960)

For the III-V intermetallic compounds, the &lt;111&gt; directions are polar axes. The shape of etch pits bounded by crystallographic planes and the presence or absence of pits at dislocations are influenced by the effect of the polar axes on the etch rates. Studies of these effects are reported for several etches on InSb, InAs, GaSb, and GaAs. Correlation of these studies with published x-ray investigations shows that these etches reveal dislocations and truncated pyramidal pits only on {111} surfaces that are at the group III end of the polar axis. A difference in the shape of the pits on opposite {100} surfaces was found and is explained by means of the polar axes.
Hierarchical FAU‐ and LTA‐Type Zeolites by Post‐Synthetic Design: A New Generation of Highly Efficient Base Catalysts (2012)

Abstract Hierarchical FAU‐ and LTA‐type catalysts are prepared by post‐synthetic modifications and evaluated in the base‐catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde with malononitrile. A novel route to attain mesoporous Al‐rich zeolites (A and X) is demonstrated, while mesoporous Y and USY zeolites are prepared using recently developed methods. Base functionality is introduced by alkali ion exchange (Cs, Na) or by high‐temperature nitridation in ammonia. A thorough characterization of the zeolites' structure, composition, porosity, morphology, and basicity demonstrates that the presence of a secondary mesopore network enhances the ion‐exchange efficiency and the structural incorporation of nitrogen. The modified USY zeolites display twice the conversion, while the hierarchical A, X, and Y are up to 10 times more active based on the enhanced accessibility. These results demonstrate that the Knoevenagel condensation takes place predominately at the external surface, highlighting secondary porosity as a key criterion in the design of basic zeolite catalysts.
Brain <i>N</i> -acetylaspartate levels correlate with motor function in metachromatic leukodystrophy (2010)

We suggest that NAA levels could serve as a sensitive biomarker in children with MLD. Proton MRS may provide a valuable tool for measuring the effects of treatment interventions in this disorder.
In situ Diagnostics During Carbon Nanotube Production by Laser Ablation (1999)

The preliminary results of spectral analysis of the reaction zone during the carbon nanotube production by laser ablation method indicate synergetic dependence on dual laser setup. The emission spectra recorded from different regions of the laser ablated plume at different delay times from the laser pulses are used to map the temperatures of C2 and C3. These are compared with Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectra also obtained during production to model the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes. Experiments conducted to correlate the spectral features with nanotube yields as a function of different production parameters will be discussed.
Comparison of Metoprolol With Low, Middle and High Doses of Carvedilol in Prevention of Postinfarction Left Ventricular Remodeling in Rats. (2003)

The dose-related beneficial effects of carvedilol on survival in heart failure have been verified, however, the effects on left ventricular remodeling (LVRM) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have not been defined. This experiment was designed to compare the effects of low, middle, and high doses of carvedilol (LD-car, MD-car, and HD-car) with metoprolol (Meto) in preventing postinfarction LVRM in rats. After the left coronary artery was ligated, 177 surviving female SD rats were randomized to: (1) AMI (n = 35), (2) LD-car (0.1 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), n = 35), (3) MD-car (1 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), n = 35), (4) HD-car (10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), n = 37) and (5) Meto (2 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), n = 35) groups. A sham-operated group (n = 16) was also randomly selected. Gastric gavage therapy lasted for 4 weeks. After hemodynamic studies, the rat hearts were fixed and pathologically analyzed. After exclusion of rats which died or had an infarct size < 35% or > 55%, complete data were obtained in 69 rats, comprising AMI (n = 11), LD-car (n = 11), MD-car (n = 12), HD-car (n = 12), Meto (n = 11) and sham (n = 12) groups. There were no significant differences in MI size among the five AMI groups (44.5-46.3%, all P > 0.05). Compared with the sham group, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), volume (LVV), weight (LVW) and septal thickness (STh) were all significantly increased, while +/- dp/dt was significantly decreased in the AMI group (all P < 0.001). Compared with the AMI group, heart rate was significantly decreased in all except the LD-car treatment groups (P < 0.05-0.01); LVEDP, LVV, LVW, and STh in the four treatment groups were also significantly decreased (P < 0.05-0.001) except LVW and STh in the Meto group (both P > 0.05)(LVEDP: 14.5 +/- 4.6, 12.1 +/- 2.4, 7.7 +/- 1.9 and 13.0 +/- 6.7 mmHg vs 24.1 +/- 5.2 mmHg; LVV: 0.82 +/- 0.1, 0.79 +/- 0.1, 0.72 +/- 0.1 and 0.72 +/- 0.1 mL vs 0.92 +/- 0.1 mL; LVW: 666 +/- 57, 622 +/- 70, 589 +/- 57 and 699 +/- 78 mg vs 730 +/- 79 mg; STh: 1.14 +/- 0.12, 1.18 +/- 0.21, 1.19 +/- 0.15 and 1.35 +/- 0.20 mm vs 1.33 +/- 0.29 mm; P < 0.05-0.001); while +/- dp/dt was significantly increased in each therapy group (P < 0.05-0.001). There were dose-effect relations in LVEDP and LVV in the carvedilol groups. The results indicate that low, middle and high dose carvedilol has dose-related effects in the prevention of postinfarction LVRM with respect to volume expansion and segmental hypertrophy in rats, while metoprolol prevents only LV dilatation but not hypertrophy.
Early Perspectives on Geometric Phase (2002)

Electronic non-adiabatic effects are an outcome of the Born–Oppenheimer–Huang treatment and as such are a result of the distinction between the fast moving electrons and the slow moving nuclei. The non-adiabatic coupling terms, together with the adiabatic potential energy surfaces form the origin for the driving forces that govern the motion of the atoms in the molecular systems. In the first derivations of the Born–Oppenheimer–Huang treatment, it was always assumed that the eigenfunctions formed a full-Hilbert space. Here the derivation is repeated for a finite sub-Hilbert space, which is defined by employing features of the non-adiabatic coupling terms. We show that this particular sub-Hilbert space behaves, for all practical purposes, as a full-Hillbert space. These subjects are covered in Sections II and III. The connection between the non-adiabatic coupling matrix and the uniqueness of the relevant diabatic potential matrix is presented in Section IV. The Quantization of the nonadiabatic coupling matrix is discussed in Section V and the conditions for breaking up the complete Hilbert space into sub-Hilbert spaces and sub-sub-Hilbert spaces are given in Section VI. Three subjects related to topological effects are presented in Sections VII–IX, and multidegeneracy at a point is further discussed in Section X. Section XI is devoted to a practical aspect of the theory. How and when one may/can diabatize an electronic adiabatic framework. An interesting relationship between the adiabatic-to-diabatic transformation matrix and Wigner's rotation matrix is discussed in Section XII. Two subjects, one related to pseudomagnetic fields in molecular systems and the other to the possibility of calculating the nonadiabatic coupling terms from the curl equation, are presented in Sections XIII and XIV. We also show results as derived from ab initio calculations and give more situations and examples in Section XV. We sum up and draw conclusions in Section XVI.