gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weighted alignment matrices for statistical machine translation (2009)

Current statistical machine translation systems usually extract rules from bilingual corpora annotated with 1-best alignments. They are prone to learn noisy rules due to alignment mistakes. We propose a new structure called weighted alignment matrix to encode all possible alignments for a parallel text compactly. The key idea is to assign a probability to each word pair to indicate how well they are aligned. We design new algorithms for extracting phrase pairs from weighted alignment matrices and estimating their probabilities. Our experiments on multiple language pairs show that using weighted matrices achieves consistent improvements over using n-best lists in significant less extraction time.
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: Immunopathological and Ultrastructural Study of Peripheral Nerve Biopsy in 42 Cases (2000)

The authors recently reexamined the peripheral nerve biopsies from 42 patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). There were 27 males and 15 females, aged from 9 to 84 years, and 13 had relapses. No patient had vasculitis, monoclonal gammopathy, tumor, diabetes mellitus, Lyme disease, familial neuropathy, HIV, or any other immune deficiency. In the endoneurium, perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates were present in only one case, but scattered histiocytes marked by KP1 on paraffin-embedded fragments were present in every case and there were no T-lymphocytes. At ultrastructural examination macrophage-associated demyelination was observed in 17 cases, of which 6 had relapses separated by intervals of several months or years. Axonal lesions without associated primary demyelination were observed in 4 cases and 3 of these had relapses. Thirty-two patients had mixed lesions of demyelination and axonal involvement. This study confirms other recent data indicating that in all cases of CIDP, macrophages are present in the endoneurium. Macrophage-associated demyelination is the characteristic feature of demyelinating forms. On the other hand, isolated primary axonal forms, which have been known since 1989, are relatively frequent and prone to relapses.
Extraction and Amplification of DNA From Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues (2002)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (PET) is an invaluable resource for retrospective molecular genetic studies, but the extraction of high-quality genomic DNA from the PET may be problematic. We report a simple method that significantly improves the ability to amplify DNA recovered from formalin-fixed PET. Based on the standard procedure of a commercially available DNA preparation kit, the QIAamp DNA mini kit or the HighPure DNA preparation kit, we developed this method by eliminating the xylene/ethanol extraction step and adding a heat-treatment step. With this method, we have observed a five- to 10-fold increase in amplification efficiency of a fragment in a range of 90 to 386 base pairs. We also have obtained much higher amplification efficiencies for a multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
Sun‐to‐thermosphere simulation of the 28–30 October 2003 storm with the Space Weather Modeling Framework (2007)

In late October and early November 2003 a series of some of the most powerful solar eruptions ever registered shook the heliosphere. These “Halloween storms” damaged 28 satellites, knocking two out of commission, diverted airplane routes, and caused power failures in Sweden, among other problems. This paper presents a 4‐day end‐to‐end simulation of one of the major events (following the X17 flare) that produced the most geoeffective interval of the Halloween storm. The simulation was carried out with the newly developed Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF, see http://csem.engin.umich.edu/SWMF ) that self‐consistently couples physical domain models spanning from the solar corona to the upper atmosphere. The various attempts and iterations leading to the final simulation are also described. We briefly discuss the technological advances enabling the faster than real‐time operation of the SWMF with the required high resolution. We compare the simulation results with observations from space‐ and ground‐based measurements. We have also performed a reference magnetospheric simulation driven by ACE and Geotail observations and compared its results with the Sun‐to‐thermosphere simulation and the magnetospheric observations. The magnetic structure of the coronal mass ejection (CME) observed at the L1 point on the ACE spacecraft is not correctly reproduced because of the insufficient observations and theoretical understanding of the CME initiation mechanism. On the other hand, we find that the SWMF reasonably well reproduced both the hydrodynamic characteristics of the coronal mass ejection and some of the major indexes characterizing the strength of the geomagnetic storms.
Note on the Preposition eis in Matthew 12:41 (1958)

Roberts, J W. (1958) "Note on the Preposition eis in Matthew 12:41," Restoration Quarterly: Vol. 2 : No. 1 , Article 2. This repository hosts selected Restoration Quarterly articles in downloadable PDF format. For the benefit of users who would like to browse the contents of RQ, we have included all issue covers even when full-text articles from that issue are unavailable. All Restoration Quarterly articles are available in full text in the ATLA Religion Database, available through most university and theological libraries or through your local library’s inter-library loan service.
Computer analysis of handwriting dynamics during dopamimetic tests in Parkinson's disease (2002)

Studies of dynamic descriptors characteristic of Parkinsonian handwriting have clearly shown potential in identifying various stages of Parkinsonism. The study compares stroke-level analyses of handwritten samples during apomorphine and levodopa "challenge" tests. Six patients with Parkinsonism, diagnosed with or suspected of having Parkinson's Disease generated ordinary handwriting patterns before medication and once again at peak motor performance, after doses of apomorphine or levodopa had been administered. Results show that movement efficiency parameters in addition to standard dynamic handwriting parameters are indicative of positive responses to dopamimetic drugs. Furthermore, it is observed that parameters dependent on higher processing tend to be unaffected during dopamimetic drug cycles.
Estimating the transfer function of the cantilever in atomic force microscopy: A system identification approach (2005)

Dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers many opportunities for the characterization and manipulation of matter on the nanometer scale with a high temporal resolution. The analysis of time-dependent forces is basic for a deeper understanding of phenomena such as friction, plastic deformation, and surface wetting. However, the dynamic characteristics of the force sensor used for such investigations are determined by various factors such as material and geometry of the cantilever, detection alignment, and the transfer characteristics of the detector. Thus, for a quantitative investigation of surface properties by dynamic AFM an appropriate system identification procedure is required, characterizing the force sensor beyond the usual parameters spring constant, quality factor, and detection sensitivity. Measurement of the transfer function provides such a characterization that fully accounts for the dynamic properties of the force sensor. Here, we demonstrate the estimation of the transfer function in a bandwidth of 1MHz from experimental data. To this end, we analyze the signal of the vibrations induced by snap-to-contact and snap-off-contact events. For the free cantilever, we determine both a parameter-free estimate [empirical transfer function estimate (ETFE)] and a parametric estimate of the transfer function. For the surface-coupled cantilever the ETFE is obtained. These identification procedures provide an intrinsic calibration as they dispense largely with a priori knowledge about the force sensor.
Improvement by N-acetylcysteine of acute respiratory distress syndrome through increasing intracellular glutathione, and extracellular thiol molecules and anti-oxidant power: evidence for underlying toxicological mechanisms (2007)

In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), there is extensive overproduction of free radicals to the extent that endogenous anti-oxidants are overwhelmed, permitting oxidative cell damage. The present study examined the benefit of the anti-oxidant compound N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the management of ARDS by measuring patient's intracellular glutathione (inside red blood cells) and extracellular (plasma) anti-oxidant defense biomarkers and outcome. Twenty-seven ARDS patients were recruited from the intensive care unit of a teaching Hospital and randomly divided into two groups. Both groups were managed similarly by regular treatments but 17 patients received NAC 150 mg/kg at the first day that followed by 50 mg/kg/day for three days and 10 patients did not receive NAC. Treatment by NAC increased extracellular total anti-oxidant power and total thiol molecules and also improved intracellular glutathione and the outcome of the patients. In conclusion, patients with ARDS are in a deficient oxidant-anti-oxidant balance that can get a significant benefit if supplemented with NAC.
Atrazine transformation using synthetic enzymes prepared by molecular imprinting (2004)

Atrazine imprinted synthetic polymers were prepared using a combination of methacrylic acid and 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate that bound and converted atrazine and other 6-chlorotriazine herbicides to less toxic compounds. A chloride at the 6-position of the triazines was converted to a methoxy group by the polymer in a methanol-containing solvent, where the imprinting effects enhanced the catalytic activity. Competitive inhibition of the atrazine methanolysis was observed in the presence of a structurally related binder, ametryn, suggesting that the catalytic reaction proceeded in the binding sites generated by the molecular imprinting process.
Efficient regression testing of multi-panel systems (2003)

Multi-panel systems are systems that interact with a user via multiple input panels. The flow through the panels is influenced by the interaction. Multi-panel systems are ubiquitous, and include panel-based legacy applications, automated teller machines, and Web-based systems. Finding regression test suites which efficiently cover the functionality of these systems is difficult, because it requires covering interactions between input fields within a panel as well as flows between panels. Previous approaches to covering input field interactions include partitioning methods and combinatorial design methods. State machines and decision tables have been used to cover flow between panels. None of these techniques produce a conceptually simple, unified model that supports both intra- and inter-panel coverage. Our new method for capturing and representing test specifications provides such a model. This model is then used to generate a locally minimal set of test cases which completely covers the model. We applied this technique in a pilot study for regression testing, and this pilot had promising results which we discuss. We conclude by presenting our plans for generalizing the technique beyond multi-panel systems and regression testing.
A dynamic tool for finding redundant computations in native code (2008)

Compilers perform optimizations to improve application runtime performance, but they often fail to generate optimal code due to complicated interactions between optimizations and unforeseen interactions of optimizations with the target architecture. Although there exist performance monitoring tools that can collect CPU performance information via hardware event counters, compiler developers or performance analysts need to comprehensively interpret the information to infer deficiencies in compiler optimizations. This paper presents a tool that can identify potentially redundant computations relevant to specific compiler optimizations. In particular, our current implementation can identify redundant computations that match three patterns occurring in compiler generated native code: 1. redundant sign/zero extension, 2. redundant constant-spill, and 3. missing copy/constant propagation. Our tool adapts the Pin dynamic instrumentation framework to analyze program execution contexts at runtime and identify the redundant computations described above. We use this tool to report both locations and execution frequencies of redundant computations within the SPEC®CPU2006 benchmarks generated by two GCC compiler versions targeting IA-32 and Intel® 64 architectures. By effectively removing instrumentation that has become unnecessary, our tools runs at 19x the average execution time of these benchmarks. From this study, we are able to address how redundant computations are affected by different architectural features such as a number of registers and memory address size, and different compiler versions.
Compounds Related to Pethidine--III. Basic Ketones derived from Norpethidine (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompounds Related to Pethidine--III. Basic Ketones derived from NorpethidinePaul Janssen, Anton H. M. Jageneau, Paul J. A. Demoen, Corn. van De Westeringh, Julienne H. M. De Canniere, Alfons H. M. Raeymaekers, Maria Wouters, Stefan Sanczuk, and Bert K. F. HermansCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1959, 2, 3, 271–280Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/jm50010a003Request reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (363 KB) Get e-Alerts
Control of<i>Alternaria</i>Infection of Fruit of Apple Cultivar Nittany with Calcium Chloride and Fungicides (1993)

Calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) was tested for its efficacy in reducing the incidence and severity of infection of the apple cultivar Nittany by Alternaria spp. In 1989, eight biweekly applications of flake (referred to as CaCl 2 ) or liquid CaCl 2 reduced the incidence of rot from 61% in the controls to 27 and 33%, respectively. Dip treatments alone reduced rot incidence to 17 and 12% for the CaCl 2 and liquid CaCl 2 treatments, and seasonal sprays followed by dip treatment reduced incidence to 5% Nine CaCl 2 sprays, applied biweekly, reduced the incidence of the disease from approximately 44% in the controls to 12 and 18% in 1990 and 1991, respectively
GPUs as an opportunity for offloading garbage collection (2012)

GPUs have become part of most commodity systems. Nonetheless, they are often underutilized when not executing graphics-intensive or special-purpose numerical computations, which are rare in consumer workloads. Emerging architectures, such as integrated CPU/GPU combinations, may create an opportunity to utilize these otherwise unused cycles for offloading traditional systems tasks. Garbage collection appears to be a particularly promising candidate for offloading, due to the popularity of managed languages on consumer devices.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC STUDIES ON PYRROLOQUINOLINES PART 4, PREPARATION OF HYDROGENATED 3A‐METHYLPYRROLO(3,2‐C)QUINOLINES (1974)

Abstract Aus dem Phthalimidoäthyltetrahydrochinolindion (I) entsteht bei der Abspaltung des Phthaloylrestes mit Hydrazinhydrat in siedendem Dioxan‐Methanol das hydrierte Pyrrolochinolinon (II).
Production of intense subnanosecond pulses by cavity dumping (1974)

Three experimental realizations of a technique for generating intense laser pulses with continuously variable and precisely controllable durations in the subnanosecond and nanosecond range are described. Laser pulses with durations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 ns at power levels up to 0.3 MW have been generated. Applications of the technique to optical pulse shaping, cavity dumping of mode-locked pulses, and optical isolation of amplifiers are discussed.
Dementia literacy: Recognition and beliefs on dementia of the Australian public (2008)

The majority of the Australian public recognize the symptoms of dementia and think dementia risk can be reduced. However, most do not know of the association between dementia and cardiovascular factors. Public awareness campaigns need to increase accurate knowledge of factors consistently found to be associated with dementia.
The Mouse Epididymal Transcriptome: Transcriptional Profiling of Segmental Gene Expression in the Epididymis1 (2005)

Maturation of spermatozoa, including the acquisition of motility and the ability to undergo capacitation, occurs during transit through the dynamic environment of the epididymis. The microenvironments created along the length of the epididymal tubule are essential to the molecular modifications of spermatozoa that result in fertile gametes. The secretory and resorptive processes of the epithelial cells that line this tubule generate these microenvironments. In the current study, 10 morphologically distinct segments of the mouse epididymis were identified by microdissection. We hypothesized that the changing environments of the epididymal lumen are established by differential gene expression among these segments. RNA isolated from each of the 10 segments was analyzed by microarray analysis. More than 17,000 genes are expressed in the mouse epididymis, compared with about 12,000 genes identified from whole epididymal samples. Screening a panel of normal mouse tissues identified both epididymal-selective and epididymal-specific transcripts. In addition, this study identified 2168 genes that are up-regulated or down-regulated by greater than 4-fold between at least two different segments. The expression patterns of these genes identify distinct patterns of segmental regulation. Using principal component analysis, we determined that the 10 segments form 6 different transcriptional units. These analyses elucidate the changes in gene expression along the length of the epididymis for 17,000 expressed transcripts and provide a powerful resource for the research community in future studies of the biological factors that mediate epididymal sperm maturation.
Mapping leaf area index through spectral vegetation indices in a subtropical watershed (2004)

Leaf area index (LAI) has been associated with vegetation productivity and evapotranspiration in mathematical models. At a regional level LAI can be estimated with enough accuracy through spectral vegetation indices (SVIs), derived from remote sensing imagery. However, there are few studies showing LAI–SVI relationships in subtropical regions. The aim of this work was to examine the relationship between LAI and SVIs in a subtropical rural watershed (in Piracicaba, State of Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil), for different land covers, and to use the best relationship to generate a LAI map for the watershed. LAI was measured with a LAI-2000 instrument in 32 plots on the field in areas of sugar cane, pasture, corn, eucalypt, and riparian forest. The SVIs studied were Simple Ratio (SR), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), calculated from Landsat-7 ETM+ data. The results showed LAI values ranging from 0.47 to 4.48. LAI–SVI relationships were similar for all vegetation types, and the potential model gave the best fit. It was observed that LAI–NDVI correlation (r 2=0.72) was not statistically different from LAI–SR correlation (r 2=0.70). The worst correlation was obtained by LAI–SAVI (r 2=0.56). A map was generated for the study area using the LAI–NDVI relationship. This was the first LAI map for the region.
Crushing and Grinding. (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrushing and Grinding.Lincoln T. WorkCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 1, 26–28Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50481a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50481a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Enhanced 8-VSB transmission for North-American HDTV terrestrial broadcast (2003)

We present a new robust backward compatible 8-VSB transmission system for HDTV terrestrial broadcast. The new transmission system allows better reception of signals for portable, mobile and indoor receivers. In the proposed system a scalable fraction of the main service is used to transmit robustly encoded data. The robust service has at least a 6 dB fade margin advantage over the main service. In addition, the data allocated to the robust stream can also be used at the receiver to improve the reception of the normal stream. The robust data is utilized by the normal stream receiver as randomly distributed training symbols which can be used in the equalizer to improve the receiver performance for dynamic multipath channels.