gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foamy Oil Flow in Primary Production of Heavy Oil under Solution Gas Drive (1999)

Abstract Foamy oil flow has received considerable attention in the literature in last several years. It is believed to be a key factor in producing the higher than expected well rates and the high recovery factors observed in several Canadian and Venezuelan reservoirs. However, beyond the recognition that it may involve dispersed flow of gas, there is little agreement as to what the underlying mechanisms are. This paper presents a new mechanistic model of foamy solution gas drive and experimental evidence in support of the model. The main hypothesis in this model is that foamy oil flow is simply two-phase gas-oil flow at high capillary numbers. It occurs when the viscous forces become strong enough to mobilize gas ganglia growing from bubble nucleation sites. The evidence in support of the existence of dispersed flow in solution gas drive in viscous oil systems comes from the effect of depletion rate on the performance of laboratory scale solution gas drive tests. These tests show that the high rate of pressure depletion at the production port results in: (1) a much higher oil recovery factor and (2) a high pressure-gradient within the sand-pack. Relatively high pressure-gradient persists throughout the duration of the high rate test and declines very slowly even after the flow has virtually stopped. It implies that the mobility of the free gas is exceedingly small, which strongly suggests that the gas is not continuous. By contrast, a high pressure-gradient never develops in slow depletion tests. The evidence in support of the suggested form of dispersed flow comes from visual observations in etched glass micromodels. These tests show that the dispersion is not a result of nucleation of a very large number of bubbles but forms by break-up of a much smaller number of nucleated bubbles which become mobilized in the presence of high pressure gradient. Finally the conditions under which this type of dispersed flow is likely to occur in the field are discussed.
Electro-optic switching in a <i>p</i>-<i>i</i>-<i>n</i> doped multiple quantum well directional coupler (1991)

The quantum-confined Stark effect observed in multiple quantum well (MQW) materials has been employed recently in a variety of electro-optic devices. This communication reports on some encouraging results achieved with a MQW-based, nonlinear vertical directional coupler. The device may be operated as an electrooptic switch through changes in the coupling length in response to large Stark shifts.
A Super-Resolution Framework for 3-D High-Resolution and High-Contrast Imaging Using 2-D Multislice MRI (2008)

A novel super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) framework in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is proposed. Its purpose is to produce images of both high resolution and high contrast desirable for image-guided minimally invasive brain surgery. The input data are multiple 2-D multislice inversion recovery MRI scans acquired at orientations with regular angular spacing rotated around a common frequency encoding axis. The output is a 3-D volume of isotropic high resolution. The inversion process resembles a localized projection reconstruction problem. Iterative algorithms for reconstruction are based on the projection onto convex sets (POCS) formalism. Results demonstrate resolution enhancement in simulated phantom studies, and ex vivo and in vivo human brain scans, carried out on clinical scanners. A comparison with previously published SRR methods shows favorable characteristics in the proposed approach.
Hole-Cleaning Study of Polymer-Based Drilling Fluids (1993)

ABSTRACT A laboratory study was conducted to substantiate the exceptional hole-cleaning performance of "rheology engineered", biopolymer-based mud systems used in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, horizontal wells. The study focused on the impact of very-low-shear-rate viscosity and evaluated the combined effects of rheology, flow rate, velocity profile, eccentricity, pipe rotation, and inclination on hole-cleaning efficiency. The study confirmed that the rheological "fingerprints" of the biopolymer fluids provide optimum hole-cleaning and suspension. These benefits were attributed to the time-independent, yield-pseudoplastic behavior not obtainable with traditional viscosifiers. Engineering of the specially formulated biopolymer fluids represents a clear departure from conventional methods and field rheological concepts. Rheological properties of the drill-in fluids were simulated by solutions of clarified xanthan gum. The biopolymer fluids consistently outperformed pseudoplastic, hydroxyethyl cellulose fluids tested for comparison. Hole-cleaning studies were run on two flow loops; measurements were taken on several types of rheometers to characterize the fluids. Videotape recordings documented the interaction and interdependence among the hole-cleaning parameters and allowed measurement of velocity profiles in tubes and annuli.
Universal Chaotic Scattering on Quantum Graphs (2013)

We calculate the S-matrix correlation function for chaotic scattering on quantum graphs and show that it agrees with that of random-matrix theory. We also calculate all higher S-matrix correlation functions in the Ericson regime. These, too, agree with random-matrix theory results as far as the latter are known. We conjecture that our results give a universal description of chaotic scattering.
Self service document processing for banking automation (1995)

The high street cash dispenser or automated teller machine (ATM) was one of the major technological successes of the eighties. A recent major advance in the development of the ATM has been to extend the range of services available to the consumer to include payment transactions eg. bill payment and cheque deposit. These additional services now make it possible for as ATM to provide the consumer with a complete suite of automated financial transactions at convenient locations 24 hours per day. The result of AT&Ts investment and development effort in this field has been the creation of a new self service document processing module (DPM) that enables ATMs to accept and process a wide range of documents including bills, cheques and giros from almost any country in the world. Considerable technical challenges were faced by AT&T during the development ofthe DPM. Central to this solution is the document processing transaction that requires the payment ATM to accept a document from the consumer and read the relevant information from it so the data can be electronically transacted. This paper describes some of the technical issues and associated solutions that have been developed by AT&T to automate document based payment transactions in a self service terminal. (5 pages)
Relationship between platinum-DNA adduct formation and removal and cisplatin cytotoxicity in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant human ovarian cancer cells. (1994)

We examined several aspects of platinum-DNA adduct formation and repair in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant human ovarian cancer cell lines. The formation of cisplatin-interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) was measured in five DNA sequences by renaturing agarose gel electrophoresis. There were considerable differences (up to 4-fold) in ICL levels in these DNA sequences following a 4-h incubation with cisplatin; however, the pattern of ICL formation did not depend on whether the region was transcriptionally active or gene encoding. Incubation of purified DNA with cisplatin yielded an ICL pattern with considerably less variability between the regions examined. Cisplatin ICL and total DNA platination levels were significantly higher (up to 20- and 40-fold, respectively) in cisplatin-resistant cell lines as compared to the parental, cisplatin-sensitive cell line at equivalent levels of cisplatin cytotoxicity. Under cisplatin exposure conditions which yielded similar initial levels of sequence-specific ICLs, the cisplatin-resistant cells removed up to 2.5 times more ICLs by 12-h posttreatment than the parental cell line. Increased removal of the individual platinum-deoxyribonucleosides of platinum-DNA adducts was also observed in the highly resistant C200 cell line as determined by high performance liquid chromatography separation and quantitation by atomic absorption spectrometry. These results indicate that DNA repair contributes significantly to cisplatin resistance and that increased DNA-damage tolerance may also be a component of the resistance phenotype in this model system.
Discovery of 3-Cyclopropylmethyl-7-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-8-trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-<i>a</i>]pyridine (JNJ-42153605): A Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Metabotropic Glutamate 2 Receptor (2012)

Advanced leads from a series of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines with mGlu2 receptor PAM activity are reported. By modification of the analogous imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine series, the newly reported leads have improved potency, in vitro ADMET, and hERG as well as good in vivo PK profile. The optimization of the series focused on improving metabolic stability while controlling lipophilicity by introducing small modifications to the scaffold substituents. Analysis of this series combined with our previously reported mGlu2 receptor PAMs showed how lipophilic ligand efficiency was improved during the course of the program. Among the best compounds, example 20 (JNJ-42153605) showed a central in vivo efficacy by inhibition of REM sleep state at a dose of 3 mg/kg po in the rat sleep-wake EEG paradigm, a phenomenon shown earlier to be mGlu2 mediated. In mice, compound 20 reversed PCP-induced hyperlocomotion with an ED₅₀ of 5.4 mg/kg sc, indicative of antipsychotic activity.
Large‐scale isolation of human skeletal muscle satellite cells from post‐mortem tissue and development of quantitative assays to evaluate modulators of myogenesis (2013)

We have developed methods for large-scale isolation of satellite cells from muscle and quantitative assays for studying human myogenesis. These systems may prove useful as part of a screening cascade designed to identify therapeutic agents for improving muscle function.
Integrating probabilistic LR parsing into speech understanding systems (1992)

The application of probabilistic LR parsing to the problem of continuous speech understanding is described. A probabilistic model for LR parsing is introduced, the integration of the parser into a speech understanding system is discussed, and recognition results are presented. The goal of speech understanding is to process continuous speech input from users and provide appropriate responses. This requires a speech recognition system with a high sentence recognition rate, and a low sentence error rate (since rejection is allowed, these are not identical). The authors demonstrate that probabilistic LR parsing can help meet these requirements by applying linguistic and statistical constraints to speech recognition, and by providing effective rejection criteria. In experiments using the MIT VOYAGER spontaneous speech corpus, the use of a probabilistic LR parser improved the percentage of utterances for which correct semantics were produced from 23% (using a perplexity 72 word-pair grammar) to 58%. System performance, as measured by the metric 100* (N/sub corret/-N/sub error/)/N/sub total/, was 44.5 at a 32.7% rejection rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A framework for handling route changes and aggregation in IPSOFACTO (2002)

IPSOFACTO (IP Switching Over Fast ATM Cell Transport) is an IP switching technique that directly maps IP flows to ATM VCs without any signalling. A switched path for a new flow is setup while routing the first packet through the network. Subsequent packets are forwarded entirely at the cell-level through the switched path, and no further packet-level routing decision is taken at the intermediate nodes. This paper considers how changes in the network topology, as expressed through IP routing tables, can be correctly reflected back into the cell switched path associated with a flow. A simple scheme based on IP source routing and IP-in-IP encapsulation is proposed, which ensures that the impact of route changes is handled in a consistent manner exclusively by the ingress routers of an IPSOFACTO cloud. This scheme is further used by interior routers to identify point-to-point flows that can be aggregated and merged into a multipoint-to-point switched path, thus reducing the VC usage within an IPSOFACTO network. This scheme also allows switched paths with different classes-of-service to be setup within the cloud, when used in conjunction with RSVP. It relies on the underlying routing protocol to either provide a complete topology of the network (e.g. OSPF) or a complete path between every ingress-egress pair (e.g. BGP).
Efficient Algorithms for Public-Private Social Networks (2015)

We introduce the public-private model of graphs. In this model, we have a public graph and each node in the public graph has an associated private graph. The motivation for studying this model stems from social networks, where the nodes are the users, the public graph is visible to everyone, and the private graph at each node is visible only to the user at the node. From each node's viewpoint, the graph is just a union of its private graph and the public graph.
[Development and application of screening method for asparagine synthetase B inhibitors by high performance liquid chromatography]. (2009)

A screening method for asparagine synthetase B (AS-B) inhibitors by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been established. The contents of asparagines produced in the reaction system can be analyzed by HPLC after the derivatization with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB) and used to calculate the total activity of AS-B. The sample was separated on an Agilent C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) at the temperature of 30 degrees C with the elution of 50 mmol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.2)-acetonitrile (15:85, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 365 nm. The enzyme reaction system consisted of 100 mmol/L Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomehane)-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 100 mmol/L NaCl, 10 mmol/L MgCl2, 5 mmol/L adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 10 mmol/L L-aspartate, 10 mmol/L L-glutamine and 2 microg recombinant soybean AS-B (1 mL of the total volume), then mixed for 1 min and incubated for 15 min at 37 degrees C. After quenching with ethanol and centrifugation, the supernatant was derivatized by DNFB and then separated by HPLC. The amino acids in the reaction system were baseline separated within 6 min. The quantitative analysis of AS-B inhibition was performed by determining its dynamic parameters. The inhibitor L-glutamic acid gamma-methyl ester was used in the enzyme reaction system to test this method and its inhibition constant obtained was close to the literature value. The established method is fast, accurate, sensitive and suitable for high throughput screening AS-B inhibitors.
Enzymatic Methods for Determining Formaldehyde Release from Wood Products (1986)

Two sensitive fluorometric enzymatic methods for the determination of formaldehyde release from wood products were described. These methods were developed using the enzyme formaldehyde dehydrogenase to catalyze the oxidation of formaldehyde to form formic acid and NADH in the presence of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The increase in NADH, which is directly proportional to the concentration of formaldehyde, is measured fluorometrically at λex= 348 nm and λem= 467 nm. The NADH produced can also be reacted with resazurin in the presence of diaphorase to form resorufin, a highly fluorogenic compound. The fluorescence production is measured at λex = 575 nm and λem = 590 nm. The optimal conditions as well as the sensitivity and linear range of these methods will also be described.
Basu（1997）盈餘不對稱及時性觀念下，盈餘落後反應對穩健性比較之影響 (2014)

This paper examines the effect of earnings lags on estimating and comparing the extent of conservatism based on Basu's (1997) asymmetric timeliness concept. Based on earnings lags and earnings asymmetry, as well as the interaction between these two; we assert that any comparisons of the extent of conservatism should take the magnitude of both concurrent and cumulative asymmetric timeliness into consideration. The length of recognition lag should also be considered. In the present study, we construct a multi-period model to capture lags in earnings response to good news, as well as to bad news. We predict that positive asymmetric timeliness exists in the current period and with short lags. We also predict that asymmetric timeliness turns negative as lags increase. Using a sample of 74,550 U.S. non-financial and non-utility firm-years, empirical results are consistent with our predictions. Results are also robust to several changes in model and sample specifications.
Current prescriptions of men and women in differing occupational gender roles (2015)

The gender roles of masculinity and femininity are considered not only to be descriptive of behaviour, but also to prescribe how men and women should behave. To assess the prescriptive nature of gender roles, previous research asked participants to assign masculine (agentic) and feminine (communal) traits to men and women of differing occupational roles. The current study, conducted in Australia, sought to establish whether previous results still apply to contemporary prescriptions of masculine and feminine traits of men and women in different occupational roles (specifically, employee and homemaker roles). Participants (N = 327) completed an online questionnaire, where masculine and feminine traits (as identified by the Bem Sex Role Inventory short-form) were ascribed to men and women of different occupational roles (that is, employee and homemaker). Compared to previous results, those of this current differ in fundamental ways that we posit reflect the social changes of women. Results are discussed in relation to both previous research and in response to social change.
Thermal equations of state and melting of lithium deuteride under high pressure (2008)

Based on in situ high-pressure and high-temperature neutron diffraction experiments at pressures of up to 4.1 GPa and temperatures of up to 1280 K, thermoelastic parameters were derived by using a Birch–Murnaghan equation of state. With the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus, K0′, fixed at 4.0, we obtained the ambient bulk modulus K0=31.5±0.7 GPa, the temperature derivative of bulk modulus at constant pressure (∂K/∂T)P=−2.7×10−2 GPa/K, the volumetric thermal expansivities αT(K−1)=9.8±0.71×10−5+12.62±1.09×10−8T at atmospheric pressure and αT(K−1)=5.45±1.17×10−5+6.53±1.45×10−8T at 3.0 GPa, and the pressure derivative of thermal expansion (∂α/∂P)T=−2.72×10−5 GPa−1 K−1. Within the experimental uncertainties, the ambient bulk modulus and volumetric thermal expansion determined from this work are in good agreement with previous experimental results, whereas the derived (∂KT/∂T)P and (∂α/∂P)T values provide the thermoelastic equation-of-state parameters for LiD. We also determined the melting temperature of LiD under high pressure. Our results reveal a substantially increased thermal stability for crystalline LiD when compared to a previous theoretical prediction that used a combined technique of two-phase simulation and first-principles molecular dynamics.
An Egg-shaped Diagram and its Discrepancies in Switched Reluctance Machines. (2003)

Recently, switched reluctance motors have attracted attentions from industries. It is a common practice to develop several test machines for performance evaluation. One way to make a comparison among several test machines is to draw an efficiency map in a speed and torque plane, however, it is rather complicated. For an easy comparison, a machine parameter measurement with an egg-shaped diagram has been proposed by the authors. In this method, it is possible to measure a inductance ratio, which indicates the saliency of switched reluctance machines. In this paper, a calculation of tolerance between theoretical egg-shaped curves and measured powers is proposed. It is found that the tolerances are within 4% as a result of several test machines. Although discrepancies in instantaneous current waveforms and voltage phase angles are seen, the obtained machine parameters indicate an exact relation between input power and required apparent power.
Sampling theorems for uniform and periodic nonuniform mimo sampling of multiband signals (2003)

We examine a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sampling scheme for a linear time-invariant continuous-time MIMO channel. The input signals are modeled as multiband signals with different spectral supports, and the channel outputs are sampled on either uniform or periodic nonuniform sampling sets, with possibly different but commensurate intervals on the different outputs. This scheme encompasses Papoulis' generalized sampling and several nonuniform sampling schemes as special cases. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the channel and the sampling rate that allow stable perfect reconstruction of the inputs or, equivalently, perfect inversion of the channel. From an implementation viewpoint, we note that it is desirable that the reconstruction filters have continuous frequency responses. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions that guarantee this continuity property. The frequency responses of the reconstruction filters are specified as solutions to a system of linear equations. Finally, we demonstrate that perfect reconstruction may be possible, even when the channel outputs are sampled at an average rate that does not allow the reconstruction of any output from its samples alone. In certain instances, this average rate can achieve the recently presented fundamental bounds on MIMO sampling density.
Fat-specific Protein 27 Regulates Storage of Triacylglycerol (2008)

FSP27 (fat-specific protein 27) is a member of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-alpha-like effector (CIDE) family. Although Cidea and Cideb were initially characterized as activators of apoptosis, recent studies have demonstrated important metabolic roles for these proteins. In this study, we investigated the function of another member of this family, FSP27 (Cidec), in apoptosis and adipocyte metabolism. Although overexpression of FSP27 is sufficient to increase apoptosis of 293T and 3T3-L1 cells, more physiological levels of expression stimulate spontaneous lipid accumulation in several cell types without induction of adipocyte genes. Increased triacylglycerol is likely due to decreased beta-oxidation of nonesterified fatty acids. Altered flux of fatty acids into triacylglycerol may be a direct effect of FSP27 function, which is localized to lipid droplets in 293T cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Stable knockdown of FSP27 during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells substantially decreases lipid droplet size, increases mitochondrial and lipid droplet number, and modestly increases glucose uptake and lipolysis. Expression of FSP27 in subcutaneous adipose tissue of a human diabetes cohort decreases with total fat mass but is not associated with measures of insulin resistance (e.g. homeostasis model assessment). Together, these data indicate that FSP27 binds to lipid droplets and regulates their enlargement.
A New Synthesis of 6-Oxopenicillanates by Ozonolysis of 6-Diazopenicillanates (1992)

In this paper we describe a convenient new procedure for preparing 6-oxopenicillanates, via ozonization of the corresponding 6-diazo derivatives.