gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> and Aggregation of Bilirubin:  Titrimetric and Ultracentrifugation Studies on Water-Soluble Pegylated Conjugates of Bilirubin and Fatty Acids (2004)

A water-soluble conjugate (1) with intact carboxyl groups was prepared by addition of poly(ethylene glycol) thiol (MPEG-SH) regiospecifically to the exo vinyl group of bilirubin. (1)H and (13)C NMR and absorbance spectroscopy in CDCl(3) and DMSO-d(6) confirmed the assigned structure and showed that pegylation did not disrupt the hydrogen-bonded ridge-tile conformation of the pigment moiety. Aqueous solutions of 1 were optically clear, but NMR signals were seen only from the MPEG portion and none from the tetrapyrrole, consistent with dissolved assemblies containing aggregated bilirubin cores within mobile polyether chains. On alkalinization (pH >12), signals from the pigment moiety reappeared. Titrimetric measurements on 1 in water showed the pK(a)'s of the two carboxyl groups to be similar (average 6.42). Control studies with pegylated half-esters of succinic, suberic, brassylic, thapsic, and 1,20-eicosanedioic acid showed that pegylation per se has little, if any, effect on carboxyl ionization. However, aggregation increases the apparent pK(a) by approximately 1-2 units. The molecularity of bilirubin in solution was further characterized by ultracentrifugation. Over the pH range 8.5-10 in buffer, bilirubin formed multimers with aggregation numbers ranging from approximately 2-7. Bilirubin is monomeric in DMSO or CHCl(3) at approximately 2 x 10(-)(5) M, but aggregation occurred when the CHCl(3) was contaminated with trace adventitious (perhaps lipoidal) impurities. These observations show that aggregation increases the pK(a)'s of aliphatic carboxylic acids relative to their monomer values in water. They are consistent with earlier (13)C NMR-based estimates of approximately 4.2 and approximately 4.9 for the aqueous pK(a)'s of bilirubin and similar studies of bilirubin in micellar bile-salt solutions. Together with earlier work, they confirm that the pK(a)'s of bilirubin are about normal for aliphatic carboxyls and suggest that the high (>7.5) values occasionally reported, including those based on CHCl(3) partitioning, are artifacts of aggregation or technique.
Rate-distortion optimal sinusoidal modeling of audio and speech using psychoacoustical matching pursuits (2002)

In this paper, we propose a rate-distortion optimal algorithm for sinusoidal modeling of audio and speech. The algorithm uses a variable-length analysis window where the total number of sinusoids needed to model the source signal is optimally distributed over the segments. To account for human auditory perception, we use a new perceptually relevant distortion measure which is combined with the psychoacoustical matching pursuit algorithm to select the desired sinusoidal components. We discuss the encoding of the segmentation information and show how to reduce this overhead by restricting the minimum and maximum segment size of the constituent segments. Although this restricts the number of possible partitionings of the input signal, we still have a high accuracy in time at which new segments can start. By doing so, we can decrease the segmentation overhead by 50%, almost without loss of coding efficiency and without introducing pre-echoes.
Purification and Biophysical Characterization of a Minimal Functional Domain and of an N-Terminal Zn<sup>2+</sup>-Binding Fragment from the Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Protein (2001)

The E6 Zn(2+)-binding protein of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is one of the major transforming proteins encoded by these tumor viruses. A bacterial system was used to express wild type and truncated forms of HPV-16 E6 linked to GST. The recombinant proteins were released from GST through cleavage of a factor Xa site. Functional analysis of these proteins demonstrated that amino acids 2--142 comprise the minimal domain of E6 required to promote the degradation of p53 in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. This purified protein, E6(Delta 143--151), required a high salt concentration for maximum solubility, eluted as a monomer on gel filtration, and was shown to bind two Zn(2+) ions by atomic absorption analysis. An N-terminal subdomain of E6 (amino acids 2--77, E6-N) was similarly purified. Unlike E6(Delta 143--151), E6--N was very soluble in low-salt buffers and hence was highly amenable to biophysical characterization. E6-N was shown to bind one Zn(2+) ion by electrospray mass spectrometry and by atomic absorption analysis. UV--visible spectroscopic analysis of Co(2+)-substituted E6--N revealed that four cysteine residues coordinate the metal ion. Mutational studies of all the cysteine residues in E6--N substantiated a critical role for Cys 30, 33, 63, and 66 in Zn(2+) binding and in proper folding of the subdomain. Equilibrium sedimentation of E6-N demonstrated that it is a monomer, like E6(Delta 143--151), at low concentrations, but dimerization occurs at high concentrations (K(d) = 0.1 mM). Finally, circular dichroism studies revealed significant secondary structure for both E6(Delta 143--151) and E6--N. The results support a model of monomeric E6 possessing two functionally critical Zn(2+)-binding motifs.
Enhancement of glucose oxidase production in batch cultivation of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae: optimization of oxygen transfer condition (2001)

The combined effect of agitation and aeration on recombinant glucose oxidase production in batch cultivation has not yet been reported in the literature. Therefore, this study gives an insight into the effect of these two important physical parameters on recombinant protein production. It also suggests that since there is no correlation between kLa and specific production of GOD, kLa should not be used as one of the scale-up parameters.
Studies in African Bombyliidae (1959)

Five species of this very peculiar genus of the Bombyliidae are at present known from Africa south of the Sahara; cirrhata Bezzi from Somaliland, xanthogramma Bezzi from Southern Africa and Southern Rhodesia, nigrifrons Bezzi from Kenya, bella Curran from the Belgian Congo and cercoplecta Hesse from Southern Africa. I can now add two more species, one extending the range of the genus to West Africa (Nigeria), the other apparently a relatively common species at Kawanda, Uganda, which is also a new territorial record for the genus.
Free Cholesterol Accumulation in Macrophage Membranes Activates Toll-Like Receptors and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Induces Cathepsin K (2009)

The molecular events linking lipid accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques to complications such as aneurysm formation and plaque disruption are poorly understood. BALB/c-Apoe(-/-) mice bearing a null mutation in the Npc1 gene display prominent medial erosion and atherothrombosis, whereas their macrophages accumulate free cholesterol in late endosomes and show increased cathepsin K (Ctsk) expression. We now show increased cathepsin K immunostaining and increased cysteinyl proteinase activity using near infrared fluorescence imaging over proximal aortas of Apoe(-/-), Npc1(-/-) mice. In mechanistic studies, cholesterol loading of macrophage plasma membranes (cyclodextrin-cholesterol) or endosomal system (AcLDL+U18666A or Npc1 null mutation) activated Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, leading to sustained phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and induction of p38 targets, including Ctsk, S100a8, Mmp8, and Mmp14. Studies in macrophages from knockout mice showed major roles for TLR4, following plasma membrane cholesterol loading, and for TLR3, after late endosomal loading. TLR signaling via p38 led to phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor Microphthalmia transcription factor, acting at E-box elements in the Ctsk promoter. These studies suggest that free cholesterol enrichment of either plasma or endosomal membranes in macrophages leads to activation of signaling via various TLRs, prolonged p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and induction of Mmps, Ctsk, and S100a8, potentially contributing to plaque complications.
Cross layer dynamic resource allocation with targeted throughput for WCDMA data (2008)

We consider resource allocation for elastic wireless applications that measure utility by target connection average throughput and achieved throughput. We construct a framework for connection access control and rate scheduling that supports this class of applications by maximizing long term average utility. We present a decomposition of the problem into connection access control and rate scheduling layers. The connection access control layer considers current commitments and decides whether to admit new sessions. For admitted users, the layer sets a target throughput to be achieved of the lifetime of the session. The rate scheduling layer adjusts the instantaneous rates of each connection on the basis of how well it is achieving each performance goal and on the relative strength of each connectionpsilas current channel. We illustrate how commonly used connection access control and rate scheduling techniques can be applied to design these two layers using an exchange of information regarding future target throughputs and achieved throughputs. Through numerical analysis, we show how wireless channel time diversity and multi-user diversity can be exploited to construct a rate scheduling algorithm that is superior to proportional fairness. Finally, this utility-based framework is compared to a method that does not use utility.
X-code: MDS array codes with optimal encoding (1999)

We present a new class of MDS (maximum distance separable) array codes of size n/spl times/n (n a prime number) called X-code. The X-codes are of minimum column distance 3, namely, they can correct either one column error or two column erasures. The key novelty in X-code is that it has a simple geometrical construction which achieves encoding/update optimal complexity, i.e., a change of any single information bit affects exactly two parity bits. The key idea in our constructions is that all parity symbols are placed in rows rather than columns.
Wicking Behavior and Drying Capability of Functional Knitted Fabrics (2010)

Liquid transporting and drying rate are two vital factors affecting the physiological comfort of sport garments. In this study, plated knitted fabrics produced with functional fiber yarns in the back of the knit (close to the body), combined with polypropylene or polyester in the face (outer surface) were tested in terms of their wicking behavior and drying rate capacity. Functional knitted fabrics were evaluated by vertical and horizontal wicking tests. The drying capability was assessed by drying rate tests under two different conditions, namely, at 20±2°C and 65±3% relative humidity and, in an oven, at 33±2°C, in order to simulate the human body temperature. The influence of the functional fiber used and that of the ground material, polyester or polypropylene, was analyzed and discussed.
Study on Shear Mechanism of Bolted Jointed Rocks: Experiments and CZM-Based FEM Simulations (2019)

Based on the underground jointed rock of the Huangdao water sealed oil depot in China, the shear failure mechanism of bolted jointed rock is studied through laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. Laboratory experiments are performed to explore the shear behavior of bolted jointed rock with different joint roughness. Our results show that using high strength bolts is beneficial to improving the shear strength of the jointed rock, but the high strength of bolts can also lead to the rock fracture, which should be avoided. For this particular project site, experimental results indicate that 15% elongation is the best. In addition, a new numerical simulation method with CZM (cohesive zone model) used for modeling the shearing process of bolted jointed rock is proposed. It can reasonably describe the characteristics of jointed rock as a discontinuous medium, and bolt as a continuous medium, that replicate well the shearing process. The numerical model is then verified by comparing the experiment results, and it can be effectively be applied to the simulation of joint shearing process. Finally, we use this simulation method to explore the shear failure mechanism of bolted joints, and find that the root cause of rock failure is the deformation mismatch between the bolt and the surrounding rock. The tensile stress between them eventually causes the rock to fracture near the bolt hole.
Anode plasma behavior in a magnetically insulated ion diode (1981)

The nature and time evolution of the ’’surface flashover’’ anode plasma in a magnetically insulated ion diode is studied. Holographic interferometric and spectrographic measurements indicate a plasma with an electron density of 5×1016 cm−3 and a temperature of approximately 5 eV which is created by electric breakdown along a surface parallel to the imposed pulsed electric field. The divergence of the ion beam accelerated from this plasma is governed by the spatial nonuniformities of the plasma. The beam is composed primarily of protons for the experiments studied. Contrary to previous expectations, a substantial C+4 beam component was not observed.
Active 3D scene segmentation and detection of unknown objects (2010)

We present an active vision system for segmentation of visual scenes based on integration of several cues. The system serves as a visual front end for generation of object hypotheses for new, previously unseen objects in natural scenes. The system combines a set of foveal and peripheral cameras where, through a stereo based fixation process, object hypotheses are generated. In addition to considering the segmentation process in 3D, the main contribution of the paper is integration of different cues in a temporal framework and improvement of initial hypotheses over time.
A “Serious” Game (2009)

To my 10-year-old son, all computer games are serious. In academic circles, "serious" games are those that teach in the context of play. A broader definition, according to Wikipedia, is games with "...a primary purpose other than pure entertainment." Of course, if you find learning stuff highly entertaining then you may need to find a new definition. In this chapter, you'll construct a game with Processing, and YES, it will fall under the category of a serious game (though, I, of course, hope you also find it entertaining!)KeywordsClass DiagramPattern ClassInstance PropertyCell ClassHuman PlayerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Pepper (Capsicum annuum) (2000)

Inheritance of 10 quantitative traits related to plant and fruit development was studied in an intraspecific cross between a bell-type `Maor' [ Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum (Grossum Group) `Maor'] and a small-fruited pungent chilli line `Perennial' [ C. annuum var. annuum (Longum Group) `Perennial']. Estimates of broad- and narrow-sense heritabilities, coefficients of genetic variance, and genotypic correlations were obtained from the segregation of 120 F 3 families in 2 years. Three of the traits analyzed, days to first ripened fruit, plant height, and pedicel length, exhibited heterosis and transgressive segregation. Days to first ripened fruit and total soluble solids had low narrow-sense heritabilities. The other traits studied had moderate to high narrow-sense heritability estimates. Most of the genetic variation associated with traits that affect the size of the fruit and its shape was additive. The highest genetic correlation coefficients among pairs of traits were found between fruit weight and each of the three width characters: fruit diameter, pericarp thickness, and pedicel diameter. In contrast, fruit weight had a low correlation coefficient with fruit length, indicating that the size of the pepper fruit in this cross was determined primarily by its width.
Channel estimation and precoder design for millimeter-wave communications: The sparse way (2014)

We propose strategies for mmWave communications that exploit the inherent sparsity of mmWave channels in the angle and delay domains. In particular, we propose the use of aperture shaping to ensure a sparse virtual-domain MIMO channel representation; fast FFT-based modulation and demodulation schemes to expose the virtual-channel coefficients; a pilot design that facilitates fast LASSO-based sparse-channel estimation; and spectrally efficient precoding and decoding, via the Lanczos algorithm and waterfilling over both frequency and angle. Numerical experiments suggest that our approach comes close to achieving the perfect-CSI capacity of the mmWave channel.
New synthesis, crystal structure, and vibrational spectra of tetramethylammonium azide and reactions of the fluoride anion with hydrazoic acid and of the azide anion with hydrogen fluoride (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthesis, crystal structure, and vibrational spectra of tetramethylammonium azide and reactions of the fluoride anion with hydrazoic acid and of the azide anion with hydrogen fluorideKarl O. Christe, William W. Wilson, Robert Bau, and Steven W. BunteCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9, 3411–3414Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00035a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00035a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The theater NavComm concept (2002)

This paper describes a satellite-based system that integrates mobile communication and navigation capabilities. The NavComm system combines robust regional navigation and mobile communications, while ensuring backward compatibility with the existing global positioning system (GPS). The combination of navigation and communication services enables integration of satellites, user terminals, protection, and security measures. This follows commercial trends of integrating GPS receivers with cellular telephones and provides an opportunity for synergy with commercial mobile satcom designs. The integrated NavComm services can improve the situational awareness of authorized users by means of secure navigation, position reporting, paging, messaging, and mobile Internet services. The navigation services also improve through faster acquisition, increased robustness, differential accuracy, faster GPS integrity link, and over-the-air-rekeying.
Voting in Multi-Agent Systems* (2006)

Journal Article Voting in Multi-Agent Systems Get access Jeremy Pitt, Jeremy Pitt *Corresponding author: j.pitt@imperial.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lloyd Kamara, Lloyd Kamara Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Marek Sergot, Marek Sergot Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alexander Artikis Alexander Artikis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Journal, Volume 49, Issue 2, March 2006, Pages 156–170, https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxh164 Published: 23 January 2006 Article history Received: 15 March 2005 Revision received: 05 December 2005 Published: 23 January 2006
Single Crystal Growth and Magneto-Optical Properties of Bi, Al-Substituted Magnetic Garnets (1987)

Al was substituted for the iron in the garnet in Bi-substituted magnetic garnet single crystals in an attempt to reduce saturation magnetization and absorption loss. The Bi-, Al-substituted magnetic garnet showed an approximately 20 percent drop in absorption in the neighborhood of 0.8 μm wavelength with no loss in figure of merit because η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</sub> decreased also. Faraday rotation angle measurements established that the saturation magnetism of the Al-substituted crystal was less than half that of the non-substituted crystal. It was also found that as the amount of Bi substituted increases, the compensating temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">comp</sub> ) decreases, while T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">comp</sub> increases as the amount of Al substituted is increased. The results showed conclusively that Bi-, Al-substituted garnet is a material with superb magneto-optical properties, with low saturation magnetization and low absorption loss.
Two new major subunits in the cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum: xyloglucanase Xgh74A and endoxylanase Xyn10D (2005)

The structure and enzymic activity of xyloglucanase Xgh74A and endoxylanase Xyn10D, components in the cellulosomes of cellulose-grown Clostridium thermocellum, were determined. Xyn10D is a thermostable endo-1,4-beta-xylanase with a module composition identical to Xyn10C (CBM22-GH10-Doc). It hydrolyses xylan and mixed-linkage 1,3-1,4-beta-glucan with a temperature optimum of 80 degrees C. Xyloglucanase Xgh74A contains a catalytic module of GHF74 in addition to a C-terminal dockerin module. It hydrolyses every fourth beta-1,4-glucan bond in the xyloglucan backbone, thus producing decorated cellotetraose units. Its low activity on CMC and lack of activity on amorphous cellulose indicates recognition of the xylosidic side chains present in xyloglucan, which is readily hydrolysed (295 U mg(-1)). The pattern of the hydrolysis products from tamarind xyloglucan resembles that of other GHF74 xyloglucan endoglucanases. The data indicate that Xgh74A and Xyn10D contribute to the in vivo degradation of the hemicelluloses xyloglucan and xylan by the cellulosome of C. thermocellum. Xgh74A is the first xyloglucanase identified in C. thermocellum and the only enzyme in the cellulosome that hydrolyses tamarind xyloglucan.
Study on Fatigue Strength of High Tensile Steels for Crankshaft. (2001)

Rotational bending fatigue tests for carbon steel, KSF60 and low alloy steels, KSFA80, KSFA110 were car-ried out to clarify the property of fatigue strength of high tensile forged steels. Fatigue fractures of low alloy steels occurred even though the repeated stress exceeded 108 cycles, which started at interior non-metallic inclusions.Fatigue strength of the forged material shows anisotropy depending on the relative direction of specimen to forged grain flow, and it is shown that this anisotropy of fatigue strength is due to the projective shape/size of non-metallic inclusions at crack origin to a plain perpendicular to the maximum stress direction. The effect of non-metallic inclusion to fatigue strength was estimated using √area parameter model.