gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of kinematic redundancy in reducing impact and contact effects in manipulation (2002)

The problem of reducing the potentially damaging effects caused by interaction of robotic manipulators with their environment is considered. The emphasis is on reducing the magnitude of impulsive forces created at the instant of contact, the effects of which are transmitted throughout the system. A model for impact dynamics for manipulator systems is introduced and used to analyze the effects of these impulsive forces. In particular, for the case of redundant manipulators, it is shown how the redundancy can be used to configure the mechanisms so as to reduce the resulting impulsive contact forces, thus utilizing redundancy to aid in environmental interaction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anion Ordering and Defect Structure in Ruddlesden−Popper Strontium Niobium Oxynitrides (2004)

The crystal structure of the n = 1 member of the Ruddlesden-Popper family (SrO)(SrNbO(2)N)(n) was refined by the Rietveld method using neutron powder diffraction data. This complex crystallizes in the I4/mmm space group with cell parameters a = 4.0506(2) and c = 12.5936(9) angstroms. The refined composition was Sr(2)NbO(3.28)N(0.72), which corresponds to a formal oxidation state for Nb of +4.72, meaning 72% Nb(V) and 28% Nb(IV). The nitrogen atoms order in the equatorial sites of the niobium octahedra according to Pauling's second crystal rule as the more charged anion occupies the site showing the larger bond strength sums. Pauling's second crystal rule is shown to be able to predict the distribution of anions in the available crystallographic sites in other mixed anion systems such as oxyhalides with K(2)NiF(4) structures and other oxynitrides. The defect structure of the n = 1 and n = 2 members of the same family was investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy. Recurrent intergrowth along the c axis with other Ruddlesden-Popper members (n = 3, 4, and perovskite) is observed, resulting in streaking along this direction in the corresponding electron diffraction patterns.
Computer assisted design of a CMOS-compatible inductor for RF (2008)

The calculations and basic design steps for the fabrication of a 170-nH inductor are given in this paper. The design process is supported by the use of computer software in every stage. The calculation of inductance is accomplished by implementing an algorithm in Matlab code, in which several modifications are proposed to a previously developed method. The results of the calculation program are used for the layout of an inductor compatible with CMOS technology, using AutoCAD and L-Edit software, and the addition of an etching step is proposed in order to raise the self-resonance frequency of the device to the band of radio frequency.
Segmenting MR Images Using Fully-Tuned Radial Basis Functions (RBF) (2006)

Segmenting medical images into different tissues is an important task in medical image analysis, e.g., classifying every voxel of input image into different tissue types: CSF, gray matter and white matter. This paper investigates the fully-tuned radial basis function (RBF) and compares it with the traditional fuzzy c-mean (FCM) clustering algorithm in MR image segmentation. It turns out that FCM is not only biased by the number of voxels in different groups, but also by the intensity differences between different tissue groups, while the fully-tuned RBF captures the multi-Gaussian distribution of the image intensities very well and thus it can be used to segment image intensities accurately. Moreover, in order to generate spatially smooth segmentation results, a Markov random field model is applied to the segmentation results of the fully-tuned RBF algorithm. Experimental results show that fully-tuned RBF method can capture the tissue intensity distribution more accurately than the FCM algorithm
MicroRNA-146 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion through IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 in human gingival fibroblasts (2013)

Our data suggest that miRNA-146 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion through IRAK1 in HGFs, which indicates that miRNA-146 functions as a negative regulator of periodontal inflammation.
Hydrotreating Chemistry of Model Products from Bioprocessing of Carbazoles (2002)

Carbazoles are among the most difficult heterocyles to remove by conventional hydrotreating, due to their low basicity and the stability of the carbon−nitrogen bonds. An alternative approach to hydrotreating may be biological catalysts which have the ability to open the central ring of carbazole to give a free amine. The resulting compound would then be more amenable to catalytic hydrotreating. The purpose of this study was to assess the behavior of functional groups that are typical of biological oxidation under hydrotreating conditions. This information can be used to define the best possible pathways for screening of potential biocatalysts. A series of monofunctional and bifunctional aromatic compounds were reacted, included amines, phenols, alcohols, and carboxylic acids. All of the amines were more reactive than carbazole, but some bifunctional compounds, such as amino-alcohols and phenol-alcohols, tended to give polymerization or ring-closure reactions. The most desirable pathways for biological treatment of carbazole, therefore, are either complete deamination or ring opening without leaving active leaving groups proximate to a free amine.
Soft Water Tank Level Monitoring System Using Ultrasonic HC-SR04 Sensor Based On ATMega 328 Microcontroller (2019)

In this paper, a configured monitoring system was discussed based on ATMega 328 microcontroller to replace previous sensor used in beverage industries namely level stick sensor. Sensor HC-SR04 configured as a water level detector on the soft water tank and ATMega 328 microcontroller as controller that functions as a data processor, as well as displays and interfacing systems to display all measurement data of water level on soft water tanks. The soft water level monitoring system was used as a water controller using two valves with different function in soft water tanks level monitoring system. When the sensor reads the level in the range 0% - 15% the live alarm tells the operator that the tank is at a low level, then valve 1 opens pump1 on and valve 2 closes pump 2 off and the soft water tank is filled. When the sensor reads level higher than 70%, the valve 2 then opens pump on and soft water was transferred for production. If the sensor reads the level at position more than 95% then the alarm is active and valve 1 pump 1 off.
Soft caching: web cache management techniques for images (2002)

The vast majority of current Internet traffic is generated by web browsing applications. Proxy caching, which allows some of the most popular web objects to be cached at intermediate nodes within the network, has been shown to provide substantial performance improvements. In this paper we argue that image-specific caching strategies are desirable and will result in improved performance over approaches treating all objects alike. We propose that Soft Caching, where an image can be cached at one of a set of levels of resolutions, can benefit the overall performance when combined with cache management strategies that estimate, for each object, both the bandwidth to the server where the object is stored and the appropriate resolution level demanded by the user. We formalize the cache management problem under these conditions and describe an experimental system to test these techniques.
Effect of Solvent on Crystal Habit and Dissolution Behavior of Tolbutamide by Initial Solvent Screening (2010)

By an initial solvent screening of 18 solvents, 14 pure good solvents were selected for the crystallization of tolbutamide. Solid generation by the solvent-change method was carried out using the pure good solvents. Crystals were generated in only 10 of the 14 solvents. Different crystal forms of tolbutamide were obtained. Crystals were subjected to evaluation tests such as differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, and in vitro dissolution. All crystals were determined as isomorphic by differential scanning calorimetry. Dissolution rate was influenced by crystal form. Thus, the choice of suitable crystal habit and proper selection of solvent is important in manufacturing the drug tolbutamide.
Acyclic stereoselection. 7. Stereoselective synthesis of 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy carbonyl compounds by aldol condensation (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcyclic stereoselection. 7. Stereoselective synthesis of 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy carbonyl compounds by aldol condensationClayton H. Heathcock, Charles T. Buse, William A. Kleschick, Michael C. Pirrung, John E. Sohn, and John LampeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 6, 1066–1081Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01294a030Request reuse permissionsArticle Views6752Altmetric-Citations421LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of photoperiod on the accumulation of allantoin in comfrey plants (2001)

In order to evaluate the influence of photoperiod on the accumulation of allantoin in comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.), a well known medicinal plant, an experiment was conducted during July and August, 1998. Cuttings obtained from 90 day old plants were submitted to four photoperiods (8, 12, 16 and 20 hours). After 60 days, allantoin content in roots and rhizomes was evaluated. The results showed that increases in photoperiod promoted an increment in the average content of allantoin in roots (0.06%, 0.303%, 1.213% and 4.78%). On the other hand, in rhizomes, allantoin accumulation decreased (9.65%, 7.14%, 0.55%) when the photoperiod was increased from 8 to 12 and 16 hours, respectively, stabilizing on a 20-hour photoperiod (0.53%). Plants cultivated under field conditions presented 2.55% and 2.63% allantoin content in rhizomes and roots, respectively. Based on the fact that in comfrey the roots are considered to be sites of allantoin synthesis, the results demonstrated that photoperiod could influence both the synthesis of allantoin in these organs as well as its accumulation in the rhizomes.
Reduction of false positives by internal features for polyp detection in CT‐based virtual colonoscopy (2005)

In this paper, we present a computer-aided detection (CAD) method to extract and use internal features to reduce false positive (FP) rate generated by surface-based measures on the inner colon wall in computed tomographic (CT) colonography. Firstly, a new shape description global curvature, which can provide an overall shape description of the colon wall, is introduced to improve the detection of suspicious patches on the colon wall whose geometrical features are similar to that of the colonic polyps. By a ray-driven edge finder, the volume of each detected patch is extracted as a fitted ellipsoid model. Within the ellipsoid model, CT image density distribution is analyzed. Three types of (geometrical, morphological, and textural) internal features are extracted and applied to eliminate the FPs from the detected patches. The presented CAD method was tested by a total of 153 patient datasets in which 45 patients were found with 61 polyps of sizes 4-30 mm by optical colonoscopy. For a 100% detection sensitivity (on polyps), the presented CAD method had an average FPs of 2.68 per patient dataset and eliminated 93.1% of FPs generated by the surface-based measures. The presented CAD method was also evaluated by different polyp sizes. For polyp sizes of 10-30 mm, the method achieved mean number of FPs per dataset of 2.0 with 100% sensitivity. For polyp sizes of 4-10 mm, the method achieved 3.44 FP per dataset with 100% sensitivity.
High-performance flexible solid-state supercapacitors based on MnO2-decorated nanocarbon electrodes (2013)

Flexible energy storage units are highly desired to meet the ever-increasing demands for flexible electronics. In this paper, highly flexible solid-state supercapacitors are fabricated using MnO2-decorated nanocarbon electrodes and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide–poly(vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropylene ([EMIM][NTf2]–PVdF(HFP)) gel electrolytes. The flexible electrodes are prepared by electrodepositing MnO2 onto the carbon nanotube/carbon nanoonion (CNT/CNO) films. CNT/CNO films have a large surface area for MnO2 deposition and work as mechanical supports with high flexibility and light weight. CNOs act as spacers to separate CNTs, introducing mesopores inside the CNT/CNO films for preventing pore blocking during MnO2 deposition. The supercapacitor exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance with an energy density of 16.4 W h−1 kg−1 at a power density of 33.3 kW kg−1 by using the [EMIM][NTf2]–PVdF(HFP) gel electrolyte. Moreover, the supercapacitors can exhibit high electrochemical performance under large mechanical stress, making the devices suitable for flexible electronics.
A 2<sup>nd</sup>-order CTLE in 130nm SiGe BiCMOS for a 50GBaud PAM4 Optical Driver (2018)

In this paper, we presented a low frequency equalizing continuous time linear equalizer (LFEQ-CTLE). It can compensate not only the low-frequency channel loss but also the high-frequency channel loss. The LFEQ-CTLE adopts the degeneration R-C and negative feedback loop to generate the high frequency zero/pole and low frequency zero/pole. Based on Global Foundry $130nm$ SiGe BiCMOS process to achieve the overall design, the proposed CTLE compensates for the 17dB channel loss at Nyquist frequency for 50GBaud PAM4 data rates.
The N-domain of the biliary glycoprotein (BGP) adhesion molecule mediates homotypic binding: domain interactions and epitope analysis of BGPc (1994)

The biliary glycoproteins (BGPs) represent a group of at least eight differentially spliced molecules belonging to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) subgroup of the CEA family. These molecules are recognized by the CD66 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and function as homotypic and heterotypic adhesion molecules. The extracellular region of the BGPc splice variant comprises an N-terminal IgV-like domain and three IgC2-set domains (A1, B1, and A2). Using soluble recombinant BGP domain variants, we demonstrate in this report that the N-terminal domain mediates homotypic adhesion. Furthermore, this adhesion is both temperature- and cation-dependent. The soluble domain variants of BGP are ideal molecules for epitope mapping. Using these constructs, we have mapped 11 MoAbs that react with the CEA family to different domains of BGPc and have shown that the CD66 MoAbs, YTH71.3.2 and CLBgran 10 (M38), recognize epitopes in the N-terminal domain.
Proppant Transport of Fracturing Gels is Influenced by Proppant Type (2009)

Abstract Fracturing gels are formulated to have a high viscosity sufficient to generate fracture geometry and transport proppant materials. Fracturing fluids are subjected to extensive QA/QC testing on high-temperature rheometers to ensure they have adequate viscosity to perform the intended task and break within a time frame suitable for the operation performed. Although most rheological tests incorporate only the gelled fluid without proppant materials, it is assumed that the fluid will transport proppants to their desired location. A field location reported that treatments containing certain proppants were screening out more frequently. Tests were performed on a slurry viscometer (SV). It was discovered that not all proppant materials of the same nominal size and density were transported equally when added to a fracturing gel. The typical properties of the borate gels were measured, but no significant differences were found that would account for differences in transport. All the proppants had nominal 20/40 mesh size. A laser analysis of the particles indicated small differences in the distribution of sizes. However, the size analysis did not fit the trend that "bigger settles faster." Scanning electron micrographs showed differences in surface roughness between the ceramic materials and sand. The proppants were coated with a tacky substance to neutralize any chemical absorption effects. The coated proppants then settled in a manner consistent with their physical characteristics (size and density), but the tacky material caused agglomeration and faster settling than before. The coated proppants were treated chemically to temporarily disable the tackiness, and it was observed that all the materials settled in a manner consistent with their physical characteristics. It was found that certain 20/40-mesh proppants were suspended twice as long as other proppants in the same gel environment. The proppant effect was measured with the SV. The trend from the SV instrument correlated well with the screenout rate observed in the field. Analysis indicated a surface catalytic effect of ceramic proppants causing faster decomposition of oxidizing breakers and accelerated gel breaking. This effect was absent in fluids with uncoated sand. Some resin-coated proppants were found to also accelerate breaking because of leaching of chemical compounds from the coatings. Therefore, it is not correct to assume that all proppants added to fracturing gels will be transported equally. Viscosity measurements of gels without proppant might not give accurate information about the behavior of gels with proppant if the proppant interacts with the gels.
Novel therapies for glaucoma: a patent review 2007 – 2011 (2011)

Most of the patents deal with sulfonamide CA inhibitors incorporating nitric oxide donating moieties or with PG analogs based on the latanoprost scaffold. The PG analogs are the predominant patented compounds. Several new potential targets emerged (e.g., rho kinase inhibitors), but no such derivatives progressed to the clinic due to adverse effects. There is an urgent need of new antiglaucoma drugs/approaches to treat and diagnose this disease in the very near future.
Recent Advances in Antiviral Nucleoside and Nucleotide Therapeutics (2005)

Recent developments in nucleoside/nucleotide therapeutics and antiviral drug targets are described covering progress in the development of nucleoside/nucleotide mimetics for the treatment of influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hepatitis B and C virus, herpes virus infections; including herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus infections, and the highly pathogenic poxviruses (variola, vaccinia and monkey pox) and filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg).
Inference and Learning with Hierarchical Shape Models (2010)

In this work we introduce a hierarchical representation for object detection. We represent an object in terms of parts composed of contours corresponding to object boundaries and symmetry axes; these are in turn related to edge and ridge features that are extracted from the image. We propose a coarse-to-fine algorithm for efficient detection which exploits the hierarchical nature of the model. This provides a tractable framework to combine bottom-up and top-down computation. We learn our models from training images where only the bounding box of the object is provided. We automate the decomposition of an object category into parts and contours, and discriminatively learn the cost function that drives the matching of the object to the image using Multiple Instance Learning. Using shape-based information, we obtain state-of-the-art localization results on the UIUC and ETHZ datasets.
Annealing-temperature dependence: Mechanism of Hf silicidation in HfO2 gate insulators on Si by core-level photoemission spectroscopy (2006)

We have investigated the mechanism of Hf silicidation from HfO2 gate insulators on Si by high-resolution core-level photoemission spectroscopy with detailed annealing-temperature controlling. We have found that the silicidation temperature depends on the difference of the chemical states at the interfacial layer. The Hf-silicate layer which is more stable than the SiO2 layer prevents the silicidation. In addition, silicidation processes also promote the formation of SiO2. Chemical shifts in core-level photoemission spectra depend on the interfacial-layer thickness and SiO2 concentration in the HfO2 top layer, which are tunable by detailed annealing temperature.
Synthesis and biological activity of some purine 5'-thio-5'-deoxynucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioates (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and biological activity of some purine 5'-thio-5'-deoxynucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioatesDennis A. Shuman, Jon P. Miller, Mieka B. Scholten, Lionel N. Simon, and Roland K. RobinsCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 15, 2781–2786Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00739a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00739a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BGaInAs alloys lattice matched to GaAs (2000)

We report the epitaxial growth of zinc-blende BxGa1−x−yInyAs and BxGa1−xAs on GaAs substrates with boron concentrations (x) up to 2%–4% by atmospheric-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The band gap of BxGa1−xAs increases by only 4–8 meV/%B with increasing boron concentration in this concentration range. We demonstrate an epitaxial BxGa1−x−yInyAs layer deposited on GaAs with a band gap of 1.34 eV that is significantly less strained than a corresponding Ga1−yInyAs layer with the same band gap.