gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ba addition to the High-Tc phase in the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. (II). (1991)

The effects of Ba-addition to the high-Tc phase in the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system have been studied for starting compositions of Bi:Pb:(Sr1-x, Bax):Ca:Cu=0.96:0.24:1.0:1.0:1.6 with x=0 to 0.30 heated at 845 or 850°C. The characterization of the samples has been made by XRD, DTA, the measurements of DC electrical resistivity and AC susceptibility, SEM and WDX. The Ba-addition in the range of 0.005≤x≤0.10 promotes the formation of the high-Tc phase due to lowering of the partial melt. Tc increases to 112K for the sample with low Ba contents, while Ba-free sample exhibits Tc=106K. The tetragonal lattice constants are a=5.412 Å for all samples, but c=37.10 Å and 37.20 Å for x=0 and 0.2, respectively. WDX experiments clearly reveals that the high-Tc phase contains a small amount of Ba as a solid solution.
Economics and technology issues for gun launch to space (1996)

Engineering and economic scaling factors for Gun Launch to Space (GLTS) systems are compared to conventional rocket launch systems. It is argued that GLTS might reduce the cost of small satellite development and launch in the mid to far term, thereby inducing a shift away from large centralized geosynchronous communications satellite systems to small proliferated low earth orbit systems.
MOVEMENT -Modular Versatile Mobility Enhancement System (2007)

Although powered wheelchairs provide a well established solution for severely impaired persons they do not cover all needs regarding mobility of people with impairment. In the course of the EC funded research project MOVEMENT a novel approach for a highly adaptable and modular mobility enhancement system is targeted to cover additional user needs. A system consisting of a robotic platform and several dockable application modules is developed that additionally provides assistance for the driving process itself to the user or even takes over the complete driving autonomously. The project also includes development of new solutions for navigation of mobile robot systems including a "low-cost" sensor system as well as adaptable HMI components. This paper describes the concept and the first prototyping results.
Zymogen activation in the streptokinase–plasminogen complex (2000)

Plasminogen (Plgn) is usually activated by proteolysis of the Arg561-Val562 bond. The amino group of Val562 forms a salt-bridge with Asp740, which triggers a conformational change producing the active protease plasmin (Pm). In contrast, streptokinase (SK) binds to Plgn to produce an initial inactive complex (SK.Plgn) which subsequently rearranges to an active complex (SK.Plgn*) although the Arg561-Val562 bond remains intact. Therefore another residue must substitute for the amino group of Val562 and provide a counterion for Asp740 in this active complex. Two candidates for this counterion have been suggested: Ile1 of streptokinase and Lys698 of Plgn. We have investigated the reaction of SK mutants and variants of the protease domain of microplasminogen (muPlgn) in order to determine if either of these residues is the counterion. The mutation of Ile1 of SK decreases the activity of SK.Plgn* by 100-fold (Ile1Val) to >/= 104-fold (Ile1-->Ala, Gly, Trp or Lys). None of these mutations perturb the binding affinity of SK, which suggests that Ile1 is not required for formation of SK.Plgn but is necessary for SK.Plgn*. The substitution of Lys698 of muPlgn decreases the activity of SK.Plgn* by only 10-60-fold. In contrast with the Ile1 substitutions, the Lys698 mutations also decreased the dissociation constant of the SK complex by 15-50-fold. These observations suggest that Lys698 is involved in formation of the initial SK.Plgn complex. These results support the hypothesis that Ile1 provides the counterion for Asp740.
Plume Study of a 1.35-kW SPT-100 Using an ExB Probe (2002)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Qualitative Detection of Opiates in Sweat by EIA and GC-MS (1997)

Sweat was collected with the PharmChek sweat patch, and drugs were eluted from the collection pad of the patch. A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using microtiter plates was modified for the analysis of opiates in sweat. After opiate administration, sweat contains primarily parent opiate (heroin, codeine) and lipophilic metabolites (6-monoacetylmorphine [6-MAM]). The immunoassay was determined to have a cross-reactivity with codeine of 588%, with hydrocodone of 143%, with diacetylmorphine of 28%, and with 6-MAM of 30% relative to 100% for the morphine calibrators. The optimum cutoff concentration for this modified assay was determined by receiver operator characteristic analysis using 215 patches from 95 subjects to be 10 ng/mL morphine equivalents. At this cutoff concentration the assay had a diagnostic sensitivity of 86.9% and a diagnostic specificity of 92.8% versus gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which was the reference method. The positive predictive value at a prevalence of 50% was 86%. The intra-assay precision at 10 ng/mL was 7.8%, and the interassay coefficient of variation (CV) was 39%. Analysis of spiked patches around the cutoff gave a percent positive threshold of approximately 50% between 10 and 15 ng/mL and a 95% confidence level for a positive result by the EIA between 20 and 25 ng/mL. Eighteen possible adulterants that could be injected into or under the patch were studied. Two (tile cleaner and detergent) can cause false-positive responses in the immunoassay. Two adulterants reduced response to spiked drug (Visine eye drops and Ben Gay ointment), which could cause a false-negative response. All results were confirmed by GC-MS. The clinical sensitivity and specificity for detecting drug use by analyzing sweat collected from human subjects following known doses of codeine (0, 30, and 60 mg orally) or heroin (20 mg intravenously) were 76 and 100%, respectively.
Overexpression of PAX5 in oral carcinogenesis (2006)

The oncogenic transcription factor PAX5 is an important developmental regulator and is implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies. The PAX5 gene is involved in medulloblastoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, neuroblastoma, breast cancer and SCC. In the current study, to determine the potential involvement of PAX5 in oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakias, we evaluated the status of PAX5 mRNA and protein expression in OSCC cell lines, human primary OSCCs, and leukoplakias by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. A significant increase in PAX5 expression was observed in all OSCC-derived cell lines examined compared to human normal oral keratinocytes (HNOKs). In immunohistochemistry, 78% of tumors and 42% of leukoplakias examined were positive for PAX5, while no immunoreaction was observed in corresponding normal tissues. The results suggest that PAX5 plays an important role during oral carcinogenesis, especially in the early stage, and that the gene may have potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for OSCC.
Economic Aspects of Food Safety and Nutritional Behaviour: A Research Agenda (2005)

The problem of overweight / obesity is increasing in Switzerland, especially among children. A comparison with the US shows that although the share of obese adults in Switzerland is significantly lower than in the US, Switzerland might soon catch up with the US rates of obesity. Overweight / obesity does not only occur in the Western World. In fact, many developing countries face a double burden of undernourishment and overweight / obesity. Market failure plays an important role in many respects: There is an information asymmetry with, for example, missing labeling of restaurant food - which leads to inadequate food choices. The external costs of eating too many calories are not included in the market prices. This means that also people with healthy weights have to bear obesity-related health costs, etc. Considering market failure and the children's welfare as a social task, governmental intervention is justified (e.g. taxes, subsidies, insurance solution). Overweight / obesity is a complex problem that cannot be solved with the introduction of one measure alone. Therefore it is also up to research to refocus. Prevention alone is not enough - there must be additional, farther reaching measures. In terms of sustainable nutrition, a paradigm shift regarding the definition of food safety is required. It is not only about the safe provision but also the safe consumption of food.
A new RFLP identified at the D3S48 locus (1991)

Journal Article A new RFLP identified at the D3S48 locus Get access K. Kok, K. Kok Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.-Z. Fan, M.-Z. Fan 1Departments of Biochemistry, China-Japan Friendship Institute of Clinical Medical SciencesBeijing, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Jonas, A. Jonas 2MRC Human Biochemical Genetics Unit, University CollegeLondon, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A van den Berg, A van den Berg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. Carritt, B. Carritt 2MRC Human Biochemical Genetics Unit, University CollegeLondon, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.H.C.M. Buys C.H.C.M. Buys Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 17, 11 September 1991, Page 4797, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.17.4797-a Published: 11 September 1991
Effects of Memory Randomization, Sanitization and Page Cache on Memory Deduplication (2012)

Memory deduplication merges same-content memory pages and reduces the consumption of physical memory. It is a desirable feature for virtual machines on IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) type cloud computing, because IaaS hosts many guest OSes which are expected to include many identical memory pages. However, some security capabilities of the guest OS modify memory contents for each execution (e.g., ASLR: Address Space Layout Randomization) or uniformly set inactive memory contents to zero (Memory Sanitization). These capabilities have positive or negative impacts on memory deduplication. The severity of the impact depends on the size of the memory (i.e., the number of virtual machines) and update frequency, because most memory deduplications scan and merge the memory at runtime at regular intervals. We evaluated the effects of ASLR, Memory Sanitization, and their related security capabilities (Position Independent Executables, page cache flushing, and dirty page flushing) of the Linux guest operating system on the KVM virtual machine with KSM (Kernel Samepage Merging) memory deduplication. The results indicate ASLR increases physical memory consumption by more than 18 % on 4 virtual machines with memory deduplication. The combination of memory sanitization and page cache flushing reduce physical memory consumption about 20- 35 % at a stable state. 1.
Primary defect of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II. Failure in glycosylation of erythrocyte lactosaminoglycan proteins caused by lowered N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II. (1987)

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II or hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with positive acidified serum test (HEMPAS) is a genetic disease caused by membrane abnormality. Previously we have found that Band 3 and Band 4.5 are not glycosylated by lactosaminoglycans in HEMPAS erythrocytes, whereas normally these proteins have lactosaminoglycans (Fukuda, M. N., Papayannopoulou, T., Gordon-Smith, E. C., Rochant, H., and Testa, U. (1984) Br. J. Haematol. 56, 55-68). In order to find out where glycosylation of lactosaminoglycans stops, we have analyzed the carbohydrate structures of HEMPAS Band 3. By fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, methylation analysis, and hydrazinolysis followed by exoglycosidase treatments, the following structure was elucidated: (formula; see text) N-Linked glycopeptides synthesized in vitro by reticulocyte microsomes from HEMPAS were shown to be predominantly the above short oligosaccharide, whereas those from normal reticulocytes contain large molecular weight carbohydrates. The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II, which transfers N-acetylglucosamine to the C-2 position of the Man alpha 1----6Man beta 1----arm of the biantennary core structure, was therefore examined by using Man alpha 1----6(GlcNAc beta 1----2Man alpha 1----3)Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAcol as an acceptor. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase II activity was demonstrated in the lymphocyte microsome fraction from normal individuals. However, this enzyme activity was found to be decreased in those from HEMPAS patients. These results suggest that the primary defect of HEMPAS lies in the lowered activity of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II.
The feasibility of CoSi/sub 2/, TiW and TiW (N) as local interconnection in a self-aligned CoSi/sub 2/ technology (2003)

The feasibility of several materials for use in local interconnection technology in combination with the self-aligned CoSi/sub 2/ process is evaluated. In the self-aligned CoSi/sub 2/ process, CoSi/sub 2/ straps from Co/a-Si (1:2) bilayer reactions are formed from both substrate Si and the a-Si layer, resulting in an a-Si surface layer. Thermal treatments of Si-CoSi/sub 2/-TiW (10:90) revealed a net Si transport in the TiW top layer at elevated temperatures (750 degrees C). Formation of (Ti/sub 0.24/W/sub 0.76/)Si/sub 2/ and WSi/sub 2/ phases, CoSi/sub 2/ phase integrity, and a net movement of the CoSi/sub 2/ layer into the Si substrate have been observed at temperatures above 750 degrees C. The most viable strap material for a CoSi/sub 2/ self-aligned silicide technology is a reactively sputtered TiW(N) layer because of high-temperature stability and compatibility with present IC processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oriented thin films of YBaCu(F)O with high <i>T</i> <i>c</i> and <i>J</i> <i>c</i> prepared by electron beam multilayer evaporation (1989)

Thin films of YBaCu(F)O were deposited on SrTiO3(100) substrates by multilayer deposition from three electron guns containing Y, BaF2, and Cu under a pressure of 5×10−5 Torr of O2. The films were later annealed in a separate chamber under a flowing O2-H2O atmosphere. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the resulting structure is highly oriented with the a axis perpendicular to the substrate. Scanning electron micrographs show a morphology consisting of an array of orthogonal, interconnecting bars with well-developed junctions. High-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction patterns show that these junctions are atomically abrupt and that the associated c axes are mutually perpendicular. These epitaxial films show a sharp resistive transition with Tc(R=0) as high as 90 K. The zero field critical current density, determined from magnetization measurements, is 2.9×106 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 5.0×104 A/cm2 at 77 K.
Transition to a legacy- and reuse-based software life cycle (1995)

Augmenting domain engineering with legacy software reengineering can help an organization move into the software reuse mode. We present a generalized model of the software life-cycle that explicitly recognizes the critical contribution of legacy software to the attainment of software production from reusable software components. The model defines information products of the software life-cycle, denoted as states, leaving the choice of processes for moving between states open to various methodologies. Then we describe alternative methodologies for transitioning from current practices to the new software life-cycle. This includes evaluation criteria for enabling an informed decision concerning the selection of a transition methodology. Finally, the key to making the alternative transition methodologies feasible is the supporting automated environments. Our experience at integrating automated environments helps us to illustrate the transitions to, and operation within, the proposed software life-cycle.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative assays of enzyme activity in single cells: early prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. (1977)

Abstract The combined use of special cell culture techniques and biochemical ultramicromethods permits one to handle very small amounts of materials, to reduce the costs of chemicals, and more accurately to assess gene dosage effects by expressing enzyme activities per cell instead of per total cell protein. An alkaline phosphatase induction test has been developed which allows one to screen small numbers of fibroblasts for lysosomal storage diseases, cystic fibrosis, and chromosomal disorders. A successful attempt has been made to automate the microtechniques. Combining the alkaline phosphatase induction with the ultramicro automatization should eventually permit one to screen all pregnancies for major possible fetal genetic defects. Automated ultramicro enzyme assays should contribute to the general development of clinical chemistry.
Toward Semantic Cryptography APIs (2016)

While several mature cryptographic frameworks exist, and have been utilized for building complex applications, developers often use these frameworks incorrectly and introduce security vulnerabilities. This stems from several challenges, including (i) an expectation that framework users understand security attacks and defenses and the subtle impact of various low level parameters, (ii) the need to take into account information external to the system to ensure security (e.g. TLS certificate revocations), and (iii) the frequent need to disable security checks during development and testing, as sometimes these checks remain disabled in production. We propose guidelines for designing cryptography APIs that are semantically meaningful for developers and that can be implemented consistently on top of existing frameworks. We also propose the Regulator design pattern, for incorporating security-critical external information, and build management hooks for isolating security workarounds needed during the development and test phases. Our API is a first step toward striking the right balance between restricting the security decisions that developers make and giving them the flexibility needed for complex applications that use cryptography.
Downscaling of GCM-Simulated Precipitation Using Model Output Statistics (2013)

Abstract Producing reliable estimates of changes in precipitation at local and regional scales remains an important challenge in climate science. Statistical downscaling methods are often utilized to bridge the gap between the coarse resolution of general circulation models (GCMs) and the higher resolutions at which information is required by end users. As the skill of GCM precipitation, particularly in simulating temporal variability, is not fully understood, statistical downscaling typically adopts a perfect prognosis (PP) approach in which high-resolution precipitation projections are based on real-world statistical relationships between large-scale atmospheric predictors and local-scale precipitation. Using a nudged simulation of the ECHAM5 GCM, in which the large-scale weather states are forced toward observations of large-scale circulation and temperature for the period 1958–2001, previous work has shown ECHAM5 skill in simulating temporal variability of precipitation to be high in many parts of the world. Here, the same nudged simulation is used in an alternative downscaling approach, based on model output statistics (MOS), in which statistical corrections are derived for simulated precipitation. Cross-validated MOS corrections based on maximum covariance analysis (MCA) and principal component regression (PCR), in addition to a simple local scaling, are shown to perform strongly throughout much of the extratropics. Correlation between downscaled and observed monthly-mean precipitation is as high as 0.8–0.9 in many parts of Europe, North America, and Australia. For these regions, MOS clearly outperforms PP methods that use temperature and circulation as predictors. The strong performance of MOS makes such an approach to downscaling attractive and potentially applicable to climate change simulations.
Generation of OAM Radio Waves Using Circular Vivaldi Antenna Array (2013)

This paper gives a feasible and simple solution of generating OAM-carrying radio beams. Eight Vivaldi antenna elements connect sequentially and fold into a hollow cylinder. The circular Vivaldi antenna array is fed with unit amplitude but with a successive phase difference from element to element. By changing the phase difference at the steps of 0, ±45°, ±90°, ±135°, and 180°, the OAM radio beam can be generated with mode numbers 0, ±1, ±2, ±3, and 4. Simulations show that the OAM states of ±2 and ±3 are the same as the traditional states, while the OAM states of 0, ±1, and 4 differ at the boresight. This phenomenon can be explained by the radiation pattern difference between Vivaldi antenna and tripole antenna. A solution of distinguishing OAM states is also proposed. The mode number of OAM can be distinguished with only 2 receivers.
Gangliosides: the relevance of current research to neurosurgery (1991)

Gangliosides are complex glycolipids found on the outer surface of most cell membranes: they are particularly concentrated in tissues of the nervous system. Gangliosides form part of the immunological identity of mammalian cells and are involved in a variety of cell-surface phenomena such as cell-substrate binding and receptor functions. In tumorous tissue, the ganglioside composition is altered, sometimes in direct proportion to the degree of malignancy. The literature on the glycosphingolipid composition and immunology of intracranial tumors is reviewed. Some gangliosides induce neuritogenesis and exhibit a trophic effect on nerve cells grown in vitro. In vivo, a particular ganglioside, GM1, reduces cerebral edema and accelerates recovery from injury (traumatic and ischemic) to the peripheral and central nervous systems of laboratory animals. Preliminary clinical studies have shown that treatment with gangliosides may have corresponding effects on lesions of the human peripheral nervous system. Gangliosides have not been tested in human subjects with brain injury.
Yeast That Smell (2008)

The fundamental mechanism of olfactory receptor activation has been conserved from yeast to humans. Engineered yeast cells can smell some of the same odorants as humans can, which makes yeast an ideal model system for studying human olfaction. Furthermore, if engineered yeast cells are incorporated into sensory arrays, they can be used as biosensors or artificial noses. Keywords: Yeast, olfactory receptor, G protein-coupled receptor, biosensor, smell Received: 31 July 2008 / Received in revised form: 6 August 2008, Accepted: 13 August 2008, Published online: 17 August 2008
Thermo-optic properties of sol-gel-fabricated organic–inorganic hybrid waveguides (2003)

Organic/inorganic hybrid glass waveguides were fabricated by the sol-gel technique followed by direct ultraviolet patterning. The thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) of the hybrid material was measured by a prism-coupling method and was found to be −1.44×10−4/°C, comparable to those of typical polymer materials. In order to investigate the possibility of using this hybrid glass material as a thermo-optic waveguide material, a 2×2 Mach–Zehnder interferometric optical switch was fabricated on a silicon wafer. At the wavelength of 1.55 μm, the switch response time was measured to be less than 4.2 ms, and the switching power was 9.3 mW. Experimental results show that this hybrid material is very suitable for application in integrated thermo-optic components.