gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Healing and Damage Resilience for Soft Robotics: A Review (2017)

Advances in soft robotics will be crucial to the next generation of robot-human interfaces. Soft material systems embed safety at the material level, providing additional safeguards that will expedite their placement alongside humans and other biological systems. However, in order to function in unpredictable, uncontrolled environments alongside biological systems, soft robotic systems should be as robust in their ability to recover from damage as their biological counterparts. There exists a great deal of work on self-healing materials, particularly polymeric and elastomeric materials that can self-heal through a wide variety of tools and techniques. Fortunately, most emerging soft robotic systems are constructed from polymeric or elastomeric materials, so this work can be of immediate benefit to the soft robotics community. Though the field of soft robotics is still nascent as a whole, self-healing and damage resilient systems are beginning to be incorporated into three key support pillars that are enabling the future of soft robotics: actuators, structures, and sensors. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in damage resilience and self-healing materials and devices as applied to these three pillars. This review also discusses future applications for soft robots that incorporate self-healing capabilities.
Complementary Constant-$g_{m}$ Biasing of Nauta-Transconductors in Low-Power $g_{m}$–$C$ Filters to ±2% Accuracy Over Temperature (2013)

This paper describes the design of an accurate and static complementary constant- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$g_{{m}}$</tex></formula> biasing circuit for Nauta's transconductors in low-power low-frequency CMOS <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$g_{m}\mathchar"707B C$</tex></formula> bandpass filters and their optimization and trimming for process and temperature independent filter performance. Experimental results are presented for a prototype third-order Butterworth bandpass filter in a 180-nm CMOS process with a 2-MHz bandwidth and center frequency. These filters are appropriate for the channel selection stage of a Zigbee receiver and show with a single trim for process over a 120 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}$</tex></formula> C temperature range less than 2% deviation in the bandwidth and center frequency. Mismatch and process corner variation are demonstrated to have only a minimal effect on this performance.
Secretion of mammalian ribonucleases from <i>Escherichia coli</i> using the signal sequence of murine spleen ribonuclease (1992)

A nucleotide sequence identical with that of the recently identified murine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNAase) was isolated from a murine spleen cDNA library. Active RNAase was expressed and secreted from Escherichia coli lon-htpr- transformed with a plasmid containing the E. coli trp promoter followed by the murine RNAase gene sequence, including the original eukaryotic 26-amino-acid signal sequence. Approx. 1 mg of properly matured RNAase protein/litre was secreted into the medium of a fermentor culture after the promotor was induced by tryptophan starvation. When the signal sequence was deleted from the plasmid, intracellular RNAase activity was very low and there was no significant supernatant RNAase activity. Even higher RNAase yields were obtained with a synthetic gene for bovine pancreatic ribonuclease cloned after the signal sequence of the murine gene. About 2 mg of correctly processed RNAase A/litre was isolated from the growth medium, and a further 8-10 mg of correctly processed RNAase/litre could be isolated from the soluble fraction of the cells. Thus this eukaryotic signal sequence is both recognized by the E. coli transport and processing apparatus and gives efficient secretion, as well as export, of active, mature mammalian RNAases.
Viable Human Cytomegalovirus Recombinant Virus with an Internal Deletion of the IE2 86 Gene Affects Late Stages of Viral Replication (2002)

Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) technology, we have constructed and characterized a human cytomegalovirus recombinant virus with a mutation in the exon specific for the major immediate-early region 2 (IE2) gene product. The resulting IE2 86-kDa protein (IE2 86) has an internal deletion of amino acids 136 to 290 and is fused at the carboxy terminus to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The deletion also removes the promoter and initiator methionine for the p40 form of IE2 and initiator methionine for the p60 form of the protein, and therefore, these late gene products are not produced. The mutant virus IE2 86 Delta SX-EGFP is viable but exhibits altered growth characteristics in tissue culture compared with a full-length wild-type (wt) IE2 86-EGFP virus or a revertant virus. When cells are infected with the mutant virus at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI), there is a marked delay in the production of infectious virus. This is associated with slower cell-to-cell spread of the virus. By immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses, we show that the early steps in the replication of the mutant virus are comparable to those for the wt. Although there is significantly less IE2 protein in the cells infected with the mutant, there is only a modest lag in the initial accumulation of IE1 72 and viral early proteins, and viral DNA replication proceeds normally. The mutation also has only a small effect on the synthesis of the viral major capsid protein. The most notable molecular defect in the mutant virus infection is that the steady-state levels of the pp65 (UL83) and pp28 (UL99) matrix proteins are greatly reduced. In the case of UL83, but not UL99, there is also a corresponding decrease in the amount of mRNA present in cells infected with the mutant virus.
Transcriptomic changes in human breast cancer progression as determined by serial analysis of gene expression (2004)

A major novelty of our study was the use of a statistical method that correctly accounts for the intra-SAGE and inter-SAGE library sources of variation. The most useful result of applying this modified t statistics beta binomial test is the identification of genes and gene families commonly deregulated across samples within each specific stage in the transition from normal to preinvasive and invasive stages of breast cancer development. Most of the gene expression abnormalities detected at the in situ stage were related to specific genes in charge of regulating the proper homeostasis between cell death and cell proliferation. The comparison of in situ lesions with fully invasive lesions, a much more heterogeneous group, clearly identified as the most importantly deregulated group of transcripts those encoding for various families of proteins in charge of extracellular matrix remodeling, invasion and cell motility functions.
Control of a four-color lithographic press by monitoring the hue consistency of the reproduction with a densitometer (1979)

The purpose of this study was to establish a reliable control method to maintain the visual hue consistency of "critical colors" on a four-color lithographic press. The term "critical colors" indicates those colors which are deemed by the customer or pressman to be important for a particular job and will require special attention to maintain their hue consistency. It was hypothesized that a densitometer, which automatically computes hue error and grayness using the Preucil method, could be used to measure critical colors and maintain their computed hue consistency. In order to analyze the effect of the control method monitoring hue error and grayness, the press sheets controlled by this method (the experimental group) were compared with the press sheets controlled by the pressman's visual judgment only (the control group). Colors with different hue and halftone-dot sizes were chosen as critical colors for the experiment. During the production of the experimental group, the hue error values of critical colors were controlled to remain within an arbitrary tolerance of ±4-percent from the measured hue error values on the O.K. sheet, as indicated acceptable by a previous study. From the sample press sheets drawn from the experimental group and the control group, the hue error and grayness values of each critical color were analyzed by three ways: (1) by the comparisons of standard deviation and mean; (2) by F tests; and (3) by utilizing the GATF Color Triangle. The experimental results in the F tests indicated that in most cases there was no significant difference in the variances of the hue error and grayness values of the critical colors between the two groups. However, the comparisons of standard deviation and mean, and the GATF Color Triangles indicated that in most cases the hue error and grayness values of the experimental group varied less and remained closer to the measured values on the O.K. sheet than the control group. It was concluded that a densitometer could be used to measure and monitor the hue consistency of critical colors. However, the control method monitoring hue error and grayness was not always reliable, because of the inconsistency of the relationship between calculated hue error and grayness values and the visual appearance of colors. For this reason, further analysis of the experimental data was made for saturation and ink hue using the GATF Color Hexagon. It indicated that saturation and ink hue as calculated and plotted were better monitors to be used for hue consistency than hue error and grayness. However, there was still a problem that the same saturation and ink hue values may produce different colors. It was suggested that monitoring the three filter density readings of critical colors would be a more reliable control method to maintain the hue consistency of critical colors.
BIO-EFFICACY OF NEEM OIL AND DELTAMETHRIN AGAINST SPOTTED BOLL WORM Earias vittella (Fab.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) ON COTTON (MCU 5) (1990)

A study was carried out to test the bio-efficacy of neem oil at 0.10 to 0.50 per cent concentrations alone and in combination with the pyrethroid deltamethrin (0.09% ) on cotton CMCN 5) under field condition during winter 1986-1987. Deltamethrin (0.09%) was the most effiective treatment in minimising shoot, square, bolls, kapas and loculi infestation due to E. vittella. The next best treatments were neem oil at 0.5% alone and combinations of neem oll 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50% with deltamethrin 0.09%. Deltamethrin 0.09% spray recorded the maximum yield. Deltamethrin in com- bination with neem oil recorded higher yield than neem oil alone. Yield loss was minimum in detalmethrin 0.09% alone. Deltamethrin 0.09% alone can be used for effective control of bollworms and realising appreciably high yield of kapas. Addition of neem oil and deltamethrin spray fluid has not conferred any additional benefits.
Memory-Efficient On-Chip Network With Adaptive Interfaces (2011)

To achieve higher memory bandwidth in network-based multiprocessor architectures, multiple dynamic random access memories can be accessed simultaneously. In such architectures, not only resource utilization and latency are the critical issues but also a reordering mechanism is required to deliver the response transactions of concurrent memory accesses in-order. In this paper, we present a memory-efficient on-chip network architecture to cope with these issues efficiently. Each node of the network is equipped with a novel network interface (NI) to deal with out-of-order delivery, and a priority-based router to decrease the network latency. The proposed NI exploits a streamlined reordering mechanism to handle the in-order delivery and utilizes the advance extensible interface transaction-based protocol to maintain compatibility with existing intellectual property cores. To improve the memory utilization and reduce the memory latency, an optimized memory controller is integrated in the presented NI. Experimental results with synthetic test cases demonstrate that the proposed on-chip network architecture provides significant improvements in average network latency (16%), average memory access latency (19%), and average memory utilization (22%).
Isolation of Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agents from Eriodictyon californicum (1992)

Activity-based fractionation of Eriodictyon californicum resulted in the isolation of 12 flavonoids that inhibit the metabolism of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene by hamster embryo cells in tissue culture. One was identified as a new flavanone, 3'-methyl-4'-isobutyryleriodictoyol [1], on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and alkaline hydrolysis. The seven other active flavanones were identified as eriodictyol [2], homoeriodictyol [3], 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavanone [4], pinocembrin [5], sakuranetin [6], 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,3'-dimethoxyflavanone [7], and naringenin 4'-methyl ether [8]. Four active flavones were also isolated: cirsimaritin [9], chrysoeriol [10], hispidulin [11], and chrysin [12]. The high inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene metabolism and the activation of benzo[a]pyrene to ultimate carcinogenic DNA-binding metabolites by cirsimaritin and chrysoeriol at a concentration of only 10 micrograms/ml indicates that these flavones warrant further investigation in vivo as potential chemopreventive agents.
Elicitation of Haptic User Interface Needs of People with Low Vision (2012)

Various assistive technologies such as haptic technology are used to help people with visual impairments comprehend complex information. Yet there is likely to be a misconception that users with the same disability category share the same user interface needs; furthermore, the majority of the literature has been oriented toward total blindness rather than low vision, possibly leading to dissatisfaction with assistive technologies and discontinuation of its use by those with low vision. The aim of this article is to advance the understanding of the needs of those with low vision especially in relation to haptic-incorporated multimodal user interfaces. A scenario-based, participatory design approach was used to explore their needs. A total of 19 user needs were systematically documented under three categories: audition (n = 5), touch (n = 11), and vision (n = 3). This article focuses on qualitatively exploring their needs and theoretically interpreting the needs in the light of previous studies.
A high fill-factor infrared bolometer using micromachined multilevel electrothermal structures (1999)

A high fill-factor uncooled infrared (IR) bolometer has been fabricated by using thin-film titanium resistors sandwiched in a surface-micromachined silicon oxinitride membrane (50 /spl mu/m/spl times/50 /spl mu/m). This bolometer is realized in multilevel electrothermal structures with a fill-factor over 92%. From the multilevel structure, thermal isolation can be independently optimized without sacrificing IR absorbing area. Initial measurements show a thermal time constant of 12 ms, a responsivity of 1600 V/W, and a detectivity (D*) of 5/spl times/10/sup 8/ cm/spl radic/Hz/W.
Leptin Requirement for Conception, Implantation, and Gestation in the Mouse (2001)

The ob/ob mouse has a complete absence of circulating leptin, resulting in obesity and infertility. Using the minimum daily dose of leptin required to maintain normal body weight and sexual maturation (5 mg/kg, ip), leptin-treated ob/ob females were mated with either wild-type (+/+) or leptin-treated ob/ob males. The leptin treatment continued throughout pregnancy until weaning or was withdrawn at 0.5, 3.5, 6.5, or 14.5 d post coitum (dpc). Normal pregnancy and parturition with pups of normal weight resulted when ob/ob females were mated with +/+ males and leptin treatment was continued throughout pregnancy (6 of 8 pregnancies), to 14.5 dpc (6 of 8 pregnancies), or to 6.5 dpc (9 of 12 pregnancies). Pregnancy did not result when treatment was stopped at 3.5 dpc (1 of 7 pregnancies) or 0.5 dpc (0 of 6 pregnancies). Similar results were obtained when leptin-treated ob/ob females were mated with leptin-treated ob/ob males. The newborn pups failed to survive after birth in groups treated with leptin up to 14.5 and 6.5 dpc despite reinstating leptin at birth. This appeared to be due to a lack of development of the mammary glands. In conclusion, we have shown that leptin is essential for normal preimplantation and/or implantation processes. It is also essential for normal development of the mammary glands, but is not required for pregnancy and parturition once implantation is established.
Characteristics of Ion Current Signals in Compression Ignition and Spark Ignition Engines (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Ion current sensors have been considered for the feedback electronic control of gasoline and diesel engines and for onboard vehicles powered by both engines, while operating on their conventional cycles or on the HCCI mode. The characteristics of the ion current signal depend on the progression of the combustion process and the properties of the combustion products in each engine. There are large differences in the properties of the combustible mixture, ignition process and combustion in both engines, when they operate on their conventional cycles. In SI engines, the charge is homogeneous with an equivalence ratio close to unity, ignition is initiated by an electric spark and combustion is through a flame propagating from the spark plug into the rest of the charge. In diesel engines, the charge is heterogeneous with equivalence ratios that vary from zero to infinity, gas pressures are much higher than the pressures in gasoline engines, autoignition starts the combustion process in a premixed charge followed by combustion controlled by mixing and diffusion processes.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper examines the sources of ionization in hydrocarbons-air flames and the characteristics of the ion current signals in S I and C I engines under their conventional and HCCI operating modes. Some concepts have been introduced on the ionization in diesel engines, based on the limited publications in this area and the experimental results of this paper. Experiments are obtained on three engines. The first is a single cylinder gasoline engine equipped with different types of spark plugs used as ion current sensors. The second is a single-cylinder diesel engine equipped with a glow plug converted to a glow-ion current sensor. The third is an optically accessible diesel engine where images are taken to show the interaction between the different sprays and their impact on the ion current. The similarities and differences between the ion current signals in SI, HCCI and CI engines are explained.</div></div>
How can we get physicians to change their clinical behavior and embrace best practices? (2020)

See article on pages 50–59 in this issue . See article on pages 60–69 in this issue .
Selection for non‐branching in castor, <i>Ricinus communis</i> L. (1998)

Abstract A 5‐year selection programme was conducted to obtain an unbranched type of castor plant suitable for efficient mechanical harvesting. Each population (S n ) consisted of several progenies obtained from the selfed main raceme of unbranched plants selected in the previous generation (S n‐1 ). After self‐fertilization of all individuals, selection was conducted in the autumn, at the end of the cycle, so as to have fully developed plants. Unbranched plants were counted in each generation. Comparisons between populations showed significant differences owing to increased recovery of the selected phenotype over the generations. The final population could be useful as a source for the development of improved cultivars in future breeding programmes.
Unstructured Cut-Cell Grids for Modeling Complex Reservoirs (2014)

Summary Effective workflows for translating Earth models into simulation models require grids that preserve geologic accuracy, offer flexible resolution control, integrate tightly with upscaling, and can be generated easily. Corner-point grids and pillar-based unstructured grids fail to satisfy these objectives; hence, a truly 3D unstructured approach is required. This paper describes unstructured cut-cell gridding tools that address these needs and improve the integration of our overall reservoir-modeling workflows. The construction of simulation grids begins with the geologic model: a numerical representation of the reservoir structure, stratigraphy, and properties. Our gridding uses a geochronological (GeoChron) map from physical coordinates to an unfaulted and unfolded depositional coordinate system. The mapping is represented implicitly on a tetrahedral mesh that conforms to faults, and it facilitates accurate geostatistical modeling of static depositional properties. In the simplest use case, we create an explicit representation of the geologic model as an unstructured polyhedral grid. Away from faults and other discontinuities, the cells are hexahedral, highly orthogonal, and arranged in a structured manner. Geometric cutting operations create general polyhedra adjacent to faults and explicit contact polygons across faults. The conversion of implicit models to explicit grids is conceptually straightforward, but the implementation is nontrivial because of the limitations of finite precision arithmetic and the need to remove small cells formed in the cutting process. In practice, simulation grids are often constructed at coarser resolutions than Earth models. Our implementation of local grid coarsening and refinement exploits the flexibility of unstructured grids to minimize upscaling errors and to preserve critical geologic features. Because the simulation grid and the geologic model are constructed by use of the same mapping, fine cells can be nested exactly inside coarse cells. Therefore, flow-based upscaling can be applied efficiently without resampling onto temporary local grids. This paper describes algorithms and data structures for constructing, storing, and simulating cut-cell grids. Examples illustrate the accurate modeling of normal faults, y-faults, overturned layers, and complex stratigraphy. Flow results, including a field-sector model, show the suitability of cut-cell grids for simulation.
Complement Fixation and Ionic Strength (1961)

Summary Experiments are described which measure the effect of ionic strength on C′ fixation. It has been demonstrated that C′ fixation by both protein and polysaccharide immune systems is enhanced by NaCl concentrations less than and inhibited by NaCl concentrations greater than 0.15 M. This enhancement or inhibition of C′ fixation by changes in NaCl concentrations appears to affect a reaction step subsequent to antigen-antibody aggregation and prior to C′3 participation.