gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lasers speed up board production (2000)

A technology for writing conductor patterns directly on photoresist simplifies the manufacture of printed-circuit boards and also multiplies yields. If a laser beam is switched on and off as it scans, it can be made to trace a pattern on a light-sensitive material directly, without intervening steps. There is no need to prepare a photonegative, or phototool, to block light from background regions, as is done at present in "printing" circuit boards. The laser can scan conductors directly on photoresist covering an embryonic copper-clad nonconductive circuit board; subsequent board processing remains conventional-developing the resist, exposing and etching part of the copper surface, and removing the rest of the resist. In this way, the up-and-coming laser direct imaging (LDI) systems eliminate the need for a phototool and thereby slash production time of circuit board prototypes by at least one half. So far, several manufacturers of prototypes and medium volumes of printed-circuit boards (about 100 m/sup 2/ per day) have adopted LDI. In contrast with older technologies, LDI can produce even large panels (up to 750 mm by 600 mm) with fine features (conductor lines and spaces, for example) at high yields.
TICK-BORNE VIRUSES OF WEST PAKISTAN (1970)

Begum, F., C. L. Wisseman, Jr. (Dept. Microbiology, School of Medicine, Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore, Md. 21201) and R. Traub. Tick-borne viruses of West Pakistan. I. Isolation and general characteristics. Amer. J. Epid., 1970, 92: 180–191.—Between 1964 and 1966, hard ticks collected from a great variety of wild and domestic mammals in widely separated regions of West Pakistan, representing an extreme range of habitats, were examined for the presence of viral agents by the inoculation of tick suspensions intracerebrally into suckling mice. From 208 pools inoculated, 8 viral agents with the general characteristics of arboviruses and representing at least 4 distinct serologically unrelated groups, where isolated. One group appeared to be represented by 2 related but separable serotypes. Habitats from which the viruses were isolated included semi-desert and artificial forest on the plains, and coniferous forest, subarctic terrain and mountain desert in the Himalaya Mountains. Mammalian hosts of the ticks consisted of domestic cows, goats and camels as well as the rodents, Alficola roylesi, Tafera indica and the pika, Ochotona roylei. Ticks in the positive pools consisted of the genera, Ixodes, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus and Boophilus.
Foreign and Defence Policy (1978)

The judgement which Khrushchev's successors pronounced on his foreign and defence policy was not essentially different from their assessment of his leadership in other fields. His 'voluntaristic and unrealistic approach to the phenomena and events of international life' was attacked for `giving rise either to smug overconfidence or to weakness in the face of the military threat from imperialism'.1 The military leaders denounced subjectivism in defence policy and called for greater attention to military advice and recommendations.2 It was not the general objectives of Khrushchev's policies that were disputed, but the manner in which they were pursued. He was seen to be moving too precipitately towards better relations with the Federal Republic of Germany, and with unnecessary haste towards a complete break with China. His impending visit to Bonn was cancelled, and the tone of Soviet policy towards China was changed in an unsuccessful attempt to improve relations. The new leaders endorsed the policy of détente with the United States, but evidently felt that this did not lessen the need for military strength. Khrushchev's attempts to exploit Soviet military power for political ends — as for example in Cuba and Berlin — were condemned as adventuristic. The verdict on Khrushchev was that he had been guilty of the solecism of, power: he had pursued ends he had not the means to attain.KeywordsForeign PolicyMilitary PowerDefence PolicyEuropean SecuritySoviet LeaderThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Excitation of accelerating wakefields in inhomogeneous plasmas (1996)

The excitation of the wakefields in an inhomogeneous plasma by a short laser pulse is investigated theoretically. A general equation for the wake excitation in transversely nonuniform plasma is derived. This equation is applied to the step-function density profile model of hollow channel laser wakefield accelerator. A more realistic model, in which the transition between the evacuated channel and the homogeneous surrounding plasma occurs over a finite radial extent, is then analyzed. It is shown that the excited channel made can interact resonantly with the plasma electrons inside the channel wall, leading to secular growth of the electric field. This eventually results in wavebreaking and the dissipation of the accelerating mode. We introduce an effective quality factor Q for the hollow channel laser wakefield geometry. This resonance limits the number of electron bunches that can be accelerated in the wake of single laser pulse.
Conceptual Performance of a Satellite Borne, Wide Swath Synthetic Aperture Radar (1981)

A satellite borne synthetic aperture radar can image a wide swath in the order of 700 km with one-look 100-m resolution. If the design meets the ambiguity constraints at the far edge of the swath, the maximum swath width is independent of both radar wavelength and shape of the physical antenna aperture. The antenna pattern can be a pencil beam scanned in the elevation plane, or a fan beam formed by a long antenna. The scanning pencil beam antenna may be a phased array or multiple-feed reflector which may be more practical than a long antenna to image a wide swath. Design performance trade computations are presented involving resolution, swath width, antenna area, average transmitter power and digital data rate.
The action of serotonin and the nematode neuropeptide KSAYMRFamide on the pharyngeal muscle of the parasitic nematode,<i>Ascaris suum</i> (1995)

The pharyngeal component of the enteric nervous system of the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum exhibits immunoreactivity for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) and for FMRFamide-like peptides. This paper describes the application of an in vitro pharmacological approach to investigate the functional role of 5-HT and FMRFamide-like peptides. The pharyngeal pumping behaviour of Ascaris suum was monitored using a modified pressure transducer system which measures pharyngeal pressure changes and therefore pumping. The pharynx did not contract spontaneously; however, 5-HT (10-1000 microM) stimulated pumping at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. FMRFamide had no apparent effect on pharyngeal pumping. The native nematode FMRFamide-related peptide (FaRP), KSAYMRFamide inhibited the pumping elicited by 5-HT. The duration of inhibition was dose-dependent (0.1-1000 nM) with a threshold of 0.1 nM. In 4 preparations, the inhibition of the pharyngeal muscle was preceded by an initial excitation and increase in the amplitude of pharyngeal pressure changes. The pharynx is involved in various nematode processes, including feeding, regulation of hydrostatic pressure and excretion. The role of 5-HT and KSAYMRFamide in the pharyngeal function of nematodes is discussed.
Effects of OPC-8212, a New Positive Inotropic Agent, and Dobutamine on Left Ventricular Global and Ischemic Regional Functions and Coronary Hemodynamics Under Coronary Artery Stenosis (1986)

We have investigated the effects of OPC-8212, a new positive inotropic agent, and dobutamine, a known cardioselective inotropic agent, on global left ventricular (LV) and ischemic regional functions in 14 excised canine hearts with a flow-limiting stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) (i.e., 20-25% of control flow). OPC-8212 infusion (n = 7) under LCX stenosis improved cardiac depression [i.e., peak LV dP/dt increased from 1,295 +/- 143 mm Hg/s to 2,669 +/- 266 mm Hg/s (mean +/- SEM) (p less than 0.001)], while myocardial ischemic injury, assessed by myocardial CO2-tension and electrocardiogram (ECG)-ST changes, improved (i.e., delta CO2-tension and ECG-ST deviation decreased from 21.1 +/- 3.6 mm Hg and 3.8 +/- 0.6 mV to 13.3 +/- 2.8 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and 2.0 +/- 0.7 mV (p less than 0.05), respectively). On the other hand, dobutamine infusion (n = 7) further increased myocardial CO2-tension and ECG-ST deviation [i.e., delta CO2-tension and ECG-ST deviation increased from 14.4 +/- 4.2 mm Hg and 2.5 +/- 1.2 mV to 29.0 +/- 6.0 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and 4.9 +/- 1.0 mV (p less than 0.01), respectively]. At the same time, peak LV dP/dt clearly improved, but to a lesser degree; from 1,425 +/- 153 mm Hg/s to 2,393 +/- 245 mm Hg/s (p less than 0.001). There was also an increase in percent systolic segment shortening of each corresponding area as with OPC-8212.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AN INTELLIGENT CLOUD RESOURCE ALLOCATION SERVICE - Agent-based Automated Cloud Resource Allocation using Micro-agreement (2012)

The Cloud refers to hardware and software resources available across the Internet. The number of competing Cloud Service Providers (CSP) continues to increase as companies outsource their computing infrastructure to the Cloud. In this environment, consumers face several challenges, including finding the least expensive Cloud service configuration, migration between CSPs and dynamically changing resource offerings. To assist consumers in this environment, this paper proposes an Intelligent Cloud Resource Allocation Service (ICRAS). This service maintains an overview of current CSP resources offerings and evaluates them to find the most appropriate configuration given a consumer’s preferences. The service then negotiates a short term micro service agreement with the CSP and monitors the service for any violations. Finally, the service can assist in the migration of the consumer’s data between CSPs.
A Printed Circuit Balun for Use with Spiral Antennas (1960)

A novel printed circuit balun is described which is particularly well suited to applications where space is at a premium. The design utilizes unshielded strip transmission line, but is readily adaptable to all of the common printed circuit transmission line techniques. When the balun is housed within the cavity of a spiral antenna, boresight error is virtually eliminated, ellipticity ratios of less than 2 db are maintained over an azimuth angle greater than /spl plusmn/ 60/spl deg/, and the input standing-wave ratio is less than 2:1 over an octave frequency range. Experimental results are given and additional applications are described.
Fuzzy service scheduling scheme in ATM networks (2002)

A service scheduling scheme is to control the order of servicing cells within an ATM node and maintain their quality of service (QoS). Recent researchers have focused on the efficient ways of isolation among different incoming traffic, or the different approach to improve the overall QoS. However they seldom try to achieve both objectives simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a new service scheduling scheme with fuzzy logic design to achieve these two goals. We use a fuzzy controller to choose an appropriate service scheduling scheme from the two traditional methods for the current input traffic environment. Numerical results show that this approach not only can achieve both objectives, but also show better performance as compared with traditional methods.
Persistent clonal areas and clonal expansion in Barrett's esophagus. (1992)

Three patients with Barrett's esophagus who had cytogenetic abnormalities detected in their metaplastic epithelium developed high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma during prospective surveillance over a period of 1.5 to 6 years. In the 3 cases, cytogenetic abnormalities that were associated with the most advanced histological lesions were present in samples obtained 11, 25, and 48 months prior to the diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma. In a fourth patient, marker chromosomes found in a Barrett's adenocarcinoma were also present in an esophageal region spatially removed from the tumor. In all four patients, clonal cytogenetic abnormalities were present in samples obtained at widespread locations in the Barrett's segment. These observations suggest that in some patients with Barrett's esophagus clonal proliferations arise in regions of benign histology and spread to involve large areas of Barrett's mucosa. These clones persisted when the disease progressed to high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma.
IL-2R common γ-chain is epigenetically silenced by nucleophosphin–anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) and acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting NPM-ALK (2011)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), physiologically expressed only by certain neural cells, becomes highly oncogenic, when aberrantly expressed in nonneural tissues as a fusion protein with nucleophosphin (NPM) and other partners. The reason why NPM-ALK succeeds in transforming specifically CD4(+) T lymphocytes remains unknown. The IL-2R common γ-chain (IL-2Rγ) is shared by receptors for several cytokines that play key roles in the maturation and growth of normal CD4(+) T lymphocytes and other immune cells. We show that IL-2Rγ expression is inhibited in T-cell lymphoma cells expressing NPM-ALK kinase as a result of DNA methylation of the IL-2Rγ gene promoter. IL-2Rγ promoter methylation is induced in malignant T cells by NPM-ALK. NPM-ALK acts through STAT3, a transcription factor that binds to the IL-2Rγ gene promoter and enhances binding of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) to the promoter. In addition, STAT3 suppresses expression of miR-21, which selectively inhibits DNMT1 mRNA expression. Reconstitution of IL-2Rγ expression leads to loss of the NPM-ALK protein and, consequently, apoptotic cell death of the lymphoma cells. These results demonstrate that the oncogenic tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK induces epigenetic silencing of the IL-2Rγ gene and that IL-2Rγ acts as a tumor suppressor by reciprocally inhibiting expression of NPM-ALK.
Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in HL60 cells: evidence that a surface membrane protein distinct from P-glycoprotein contributes to reduced cellular accumulation of drug. (1988)

HL60 cells exhibiting a 140-fold increase in resistance to vincristine contain three surface membrane proteins with molecular weights of 210,000 (P210), 180,000 (P180), and 150,000 (P150) which are highly phosphorylated in vivo and in an in vitro system in the presence of Mn2+ and [gamma-32P]ATP. These phosphorylated proteins are either absent or present in very low levels in membranes of drug-sensitive cells. Growth of the vincristine-resistant isolate in the absence of drug results in a decrease in the level of resistance and a major reduction in the phosphorylation of P210 and P180. The phosphorylation of P150 is not altered in the revertant which still exhibits substantial levels of resistance. Further studies show that P210 and P180 are highly reactive with a monoclonal antibody against P-glycoprotein. These two proteins are present in only very low levels in revertant cells. The monoclonal antibody exhibits no reactivity with P150. In HL60 cells isolated for a 25-fold increase in vincristine resistance proteins reactive with P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody are essentially absent. P150 is however highly phosphorylated in these cells. Additional experiments using lectin binding of 32P-labeled proteins demonstrates that P150 has properties distinct from P210 and P180. Analysis of drug uptake patterns in the vincristine-resistant isolates and the revertant shows that resistance is related to a reduced intracellular accumulation of drug. Reduced accumulation of vincristine is also found in HL60 cells isolated for resistance to Adriamycin. These cells are devoid of P-glycoprotein but contain phosphorylated P150. These results suggest that proteins P150, P180, and P210 may contribute to multidrug resistance in HL60 cells through a mechanism which involves reduced cellular accumulation of drug. P180 and P210 are structurally related whereas P150 is distinct from these two proteins.
Synthesis and characterization of dicyanoanthracene-tethered β-cyclodextrins (1996)

The synthesis of 6-O- and 2-O-(9,10-dicyanoanthracene-2-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (1 and 2) is described. Binding affinities with several aromatic sulfonate guests (6–10) are determined using fluorescence quenching results. The apparent Stern–Volmer constants, which are the sums of dynamic and static (binding) components, are adjusted by subtracting those obtained in the presence of 1-adamantanecarboxylate (AD–CO2–) which have just a dynamic term. Quenching constants with 9,10-dicyanoanthracene-2-sulfonate (4) and 9,10-dicyanoanthracene-2,6-disulfonate (5), and binding constants with β-CD are determined for comparison. The results show that the C6 tethered host binds better than the C2 host, which binds as well as does β-CD. Dynamic quenching accounts for at least 10% of the total even with strongly bound guests. The properties of these hosts are compared with a DCA-capped β-CD (3)(DCA = dicyanoanthracene).
Synthesis and Characterization of MO[OSi(O<i><sup>t</sup></i>Bu)<sub>3</sub>]<sub>4</sub>and MO<sub>2</sub>[OSi(O<i><sup>t</sup></i>Bu)<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>(M = Mo, W):  Models for Isolated Oxo-Molybdenum and -Tungsten Sites on Silica and Precursors to Molybdena− and Tungsta−Silica Materials (2005)

The tri(alkoxy)siloxy complexes MO[OSi(OtBu)3]4 (1, M = Mo and 2, M = W) were prepared from MOCl4 and LiOSi(OtBu)3. Similarly, reactions of MO2Cl2(DME) with LiOSi(OtBu)3 afforded the new siloxide complexes MO2[OSi(OtBu)3]2 (3, M = Mo and 4, M = W), which are themally unstable at ambient temperature. More stable compounds were obtained by the crystallizations of 3 and 4 in a coordinating solvent, to form the ether adducts MoO2[OSi(OtBu)3]2(THF) (3a) and WO2[OSi(OtBu)3]2(DME) (4a). These compounds serve as soluble models for isolated molybdenum or tungsten atoms on a silica surface and were characterized by 1H, 13C, 29Si, 95Mo, and 183W NMR, FT-Raman, FT-IR, and UV−vis spectroscopies. Compounds 1, 2, 3a, and 4a were used to prepare metal−oxide silica composites via the thermolytic molecular precursor method. The xerogels obtained from the thermolyses of 1, 2, 3a, and 4a in toluene contained mesoporosity with surface areas of 10, 230, 106, and 270 m2 g-1, respectively. Despite the high surface areas for most samples, these xerogels contain MO3 domains. Complexes 1 and 2 were also used to introduce molybdenum and tungsten sites, respectively, onto mesoporous SBA-15 silica via displacement of the −OSi(OtBu)3 ligand for a siloxyl group from the silica surface. All molybdenum- and tungsten-containing systems were tested as catalysts for the epoxidation of cyclohexene using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) or aqueous H2O2 as the oxidant.
Astrophysical and cosmological solutions in general relativity - A comment on one form of the spherically-symmetric perfect-fluid field equations (1988)

Escherichia coli 16S rRNA and 16S-like rRNAs from other species have several universally conserved sequences which are believed to be single-stranded in ribosomes. The quantitative disposition of these sequences within ribosomes is not known. Here we describe experiments designed to explore the availability of universal 16S rRNA sequences for hybridization with DNA probes in 30S particles and 70S ribosomes. Unlike previous investigations, quantitative data on the accessibility of DNA probes to the conserved portions of 16S rRNA within ribosomes was acquired. Uniquely, the experimental design also permitted investigation of cooperative interactions involving portions of conserved 16S rRNA. The basic strategy employed ribosomes, 30S subunits, and 16S rRNAs, which were quantitatively analyzed for hybridization efficiency with synthetic DNA in combination with nuclease S1. In deproteinated E. coli 16S rRNA and 30S subunits, the regions 520-530, 1396-1404, 1493-1504, and 1533-1542 are all single-stranded and unrestricted for hybridization to short synthetic DNAs. However, the quantitative disposition of the sequences in 70S ribosomes varies with each position. In 30S subunits there appear to be no cooperative interactions between the 16S rRNA universal sequences investigated.
An advanced DC brushless servo drive system with a fuzzy logic-based self-tuning control scheme and its practical evaluations (1996)

This paper describes a feasible auto-tuning method of a DC brushless servo drive system which introduces a novel fuzzy-algorithm based PI gain controller with a characteristic extractor. This system is basically considered as an advanced practical technique to adjust two gain parameters of a PI compensator on the basis of an additional reference generator, observer to estimate characteristic index parameters and fuzzy-reasoning controller in a general-purpose speed control loop with a PI regulator. It is possible to adjust the gains to an optimum level specified through iterative responses, due to two-parameter tuning adjustments, in relation to large variations of load inertia and mechanical resonance generation in addition to control characteristic fluctuations. It is proved on the basis of some experimental results that two gain parameters in a PI compensator of a novel DC brushless speed servo drive motion system can be automatically tuned so as to provide an optimum response even if it operates in a completely unstable state.
Depth image enhancement using local tangent plane approximations (2015)

This paper describes a depth image enhancement method for consumer RGB-D cameras. Most existing methods use the pixel-coordinates of the aligned color image. Because the image plane generally has no relationship to the measured surfaces, the global coordinate system is not suitable to handle their local geometries. To improve enhancement accuracy, we use local tangent planes as local coordinates for the measured surfaces. Our method is composed of two steps, a calculation of the local tangents and surface reconstruction. To accurately estimate the local tangents, we propose a color heuristic calculation and an orientation correction using their positional relationships. Additionally, we propose a surface reconstruction method by ray-tracing to local tangents. In our method, accurate depth image enhancement is achieved by using the local geometries approximated by the local tangents. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method using synthetic and real sensor data. Our method has a high completion rate and achieves the lowest errors in noisy cases when compared with existing techniques.