gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of TEM and DLS methods to characterize size distribution of ceramic nanoparticles (2016)

The accuracy of dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements are compared with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies for characterization of size distributions of ceramic nanoparticles. It was found that measurements by DLS using number distribution presented accurate results when compared to TEM. The presence of dispersants and the enlargement of size distributions induce errors to DLS particle sizing measurements and shifts its results to higher values.
Impact of mixed-mode self-test on life cycle cost of VLSI based designs (1984)

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the cost effectiveness of using Mixed-Mode Self-Test (MMST) in VLSI based designs. The justification and impact of using MMST on the products life cycle (semiconductor, factory, & field) at all levels of integration (wafer, PCB, & unit) are discussed. Different implementations of the MMST technique are presented. This includes the hardware details of the self-test circuitry and the formalized test procedures for every MMST technique. The design for test rules for handling buried sequential logic, like RAMs and registers. and bi-directional buses are also discussed. The test results of experimenting with some Sperry designs are reported. Finally, the impact of MMST on the chip area and the physical deign issues of the self-test circuitry are analyzed, and the overall conclusions of our work are documented.
An Iron(III)–Monoamidate Complex Catalyst for Selective Hydroxylation of Alkane CH Bonds with Hydrogen Peroxide (2012)

Selective oxidation: the success of the title reaction is caused by the strong electron donation from the amidate moiety of the dpaq ligand to the iron center (dpaq=2-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)]amino-N-quinolin-8-yl-acetamidate). This process facilitates the O-O bond heterolysis of the intermediate Fe(III)OOH species to generate a selective oxidant without forming highly reactive hydroxyl radicals.
Binding of nucleotides in water by phenanthridinium bis(intercaland) receptor molecules (1995)

The bis(phenanthridinium) receptor molecules 3–5 bind nucleotides in aqueous media by stacking interactions between cis-oriented receptor units and the intercalated nucleic base part of a nucleotide with stability constants in the range 105–106 dm3 mol–1, the highest measured to date for these type of receptors and substrates.
Culture, Nature and the Ambivalence of International Theory (2000)

For Francis Fukuyama the ‘univerealization of Western liberal democracy’ after the end of the Cold War marks the end of history understood as ‘mankind’s ideological evolution’ (1989: 4). This statement does not, however, imply that ‘all societies become successful liberal societies, merely that they end their ideological pretensions of representing different and higher forms of human society’ (1989: 13). There will, therefore, still be international conflicts among those who have not yet become successful liberal societies as well as between the latter and those who have already passed into the post-historical phase; but we do not have to concern ourselves with ‘every crackpot messiah around the world, but only [with] those that are embodied in important social or political forces and movements, and which are therefore part of world history’ (1989: 9). International conflicts, on this reading, are at least partly caused by different ‘ideologies’, different ideas about how society should be organized. Yet, we do not have to analyse these ideologies or their role in international politics as long as they are not embodied in powerful social and political forces.
Threshold decoding of turbo-codes (2002)

The idea of iterative decoding of two-dimensional systematic convolutional codes-so-called turbo-codes-is extended to threshold decoding, which is presented in "soft-in/soft-out" form. The computational complexity of the proposed decoder is very low. Surprisingly good simulation results are shown for the Gaussian channel.
Formation of silicones mediated by the sponge enzyme silicatein-α (2010)

The sponge-restricted enzyme silicatein-α catalyzes in vivo silica formation from monomeric silicon compounds from sea water (i.e. silicic acid) and plays the pivotal role during synthesis of the siliceous sponge spicules. Recombinant silicatein-α, which was cloned from the demosponge Suberites domuncula (phylum Porifera), is shown to catalyze in vitro condensation of alkoxy silanes during a phase transfer reaction at neutral pH and ambient temperature to yield silicones like the straight-chained polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The reported condensation reaction is considered to be the first description of an enzymatically enhanced organometallic condensation reaction.
The Retrieval of Ice Water Content from Radar Reflectivity Factor and Temperature and Its Use in Evaluating a Mesoscale Model (2006)

Abstract Ice clouds are an important yet largely unvalidated component of weather forecasting and climate models, but radar offers the potential to provide the necessary data to evaluate them. First in this paper, coordinated aircraft in situ measurements and scans by a 3-GHz radar are presented, demonstrating that, for stratiform midlatitude ice clouds, radar reflectivity in the Rayleigh-scattering regime may be reliably calculated from aircraft size spectra if the “Brown and Francis” mass–size relationship is used. The comparisons spanned radar reflectivity values from −15 to +20 dBZ, ice water contents (IWCs) from 0.01 to 0.4 g m−3, and median volumetric diameters between 0.2 and 3 mm. In mixed-phase conditions the agreement is much poorer because of the higher-density ice particles present. A large midlatitude aircraft dataset is then used to derive expressions that relate radar reflectivity and temperature to ice water content and visible extinction coefficient. The analysis is an advance over previous work in several ways: the retrievals vary smoothly with both input parameters, different relationships are derived for the common radar frequencies of 3, 35, and 94 GHz, and the problem of retrieving the long-term mean and the horizontal variance of ice cloud parameters is considered separately. It is shown that the dependence on temperature arises because of the temperature dependence of the number concentration “intercept parameter” rather than mean particle size. A comparison is presented of ice water content derived from scanning 3-GHz radar with the values held in the Met Office mesoscale forecast model, for eight precipitating cases spanning 39 h over southern England. It is found that the model predicted mean IWC to within 10% of the observations at temperatures between −30° and −10°C but tended to underestimate it by around a factor of 2 at colder temperatures.
Caveolae: Static inpocketings of the plasma membrane, dynamic vesicles or plain artifact? (1988)

ABSTRACT
DNA polymorphism detection in<i>Tribolium castaneum</i>(HERBST) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Potential use in stored product pest management (1995)

Different pairs of oligonucleotide primers have used for the detection of DNA polymorphism between Tribolium castaneum strains. Amplification of a major DNA fragment and two minor was observed in all strains tested excepted for one strain from France which present only two major bands (respectively at 800 bp and 880 bp). Arbitrarily, the major band amplified from a DNA sample of the strain originating from the Philippines was choosen as a probe (sequence of 487 bp in length). The combination of this probe and restriction enzymes permitted the discrimination between strains. Our results show that RAP marker of Tribolium castaneum could be used to study its population genetics.
Learning Multiple Evolutionary Pathways from Cross-Sectional Data (2005)

We introduce a mixture model of trees to describe evolutionary processes that are characterized by the ordered accumulation of permanent genetic changes. The basic building block of the model is a directed weighted tree that generates a probability distribution on the set of all patterns of genetic events. We present an EM-like algorithm for learning a mixture model of K trees and show how to determine K with a maximum likelihood approach. As a case study, we consider the accumulation of mutations in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase that are associated with drug resistance. The fitted model is statistically validated as a density estimator, and the stability of the model topology is analyzed. We obtain a generative probabilistic model for the development of drug resistance in HIV that agrees with biological knowledge. Further applications and extensions of the model are discussed.
Parkinson-Like Neurodegeneration Induced by Targeted Overexpression of α-Synuclein in the Nigrostriatal System (2002)

Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors display efficient tropism for transduction of the dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra. Taking advantage of this unique property of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors, we expressed wild-type and A53T mutated human α-synuclein in the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons of adult rats for up to 6 months. Cellular and axonal pathology, including α-synuclein-positive cytoplasmic inclusions and swollen, dystrophic neurites similar to those seen in brains from patients with Parkinson's disease, developed progressively over time. These pathological alterations occurred preferentially in the nigral dopamine neurons and were not observed in other nondopaminergic neurons transduced by the same vectors. The degenerative changes were accompanied by a loss of 30–80% of the nigral dopamine neurons, a 40–50% reduction of striatal dopamine, and tyrosine hydroxylase levels that was fully developed by 8 weeks. Significant motor impairment developed in those animals in which dopamine neuron cell loss exceeded a critical threshold of 50–60%. At 6 months, signs of cell body and axonal pathology had subsided, suggesting that the surviving neurons had recovered from the initial insult, despite the fact that α-synuclein expression was maintained at a high level. These results show that nigral dopamine neurons are selectively vulnerable to high levels of either wild-type or mutant α-synuclein, pointing to a key role for α-synuclein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Targeted overexpression of α-synuclein in the nigrostriatal system may provide a new animal model of Parkinson's disease that reproduces some of the cardinal pathological, neurochemical, and behavioral features of the human disease.
Reactions of Cytosine Derivatives with Acidic Buffer Solutions. II. Studies on Transamination, Deamination, and Deuterium Exchange<sup>*</sup> (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Cytosine Derivatives with Acidic Buffer Solutions. II. Studies on Transamination, Deamination, and Deuterium Exchange*Robert Shapiro and Robert S. KleinCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 11, 3576–3582Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00863a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (729 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Immunostaining of von Willebrand factor multimers on agarose gels and nitrocellulose filters. (2002)

Human von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimeric analysis is commonly performed by agarose gel electrophoresis, electroblotting, and immunoenzymatic staining; however, high molecular weight (HMW) multimers are poorly transferred on nitrocellulose and should be visualized by direct gel staining with radiolabeled anti-VWF antibody and autoradiography or luminography.
Locality-Preserved Maximum Information Projection (2008)

Dimensionality reduction is usually involved in the domains of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Linear projection of features is of particular interest for dimensionality reduction since it is simple to calculate and analytically analyze. In this paper, we propose an essentially linear projection technique, called locality-preserved maximum information projection (LPMIP), to identify the underlying manifold structure of a data set. LPMIP considers both the within-locality and the between-locality in the processing of manifold learning. Equivalently, the goal of LPMIP is to preserve the local structure while maximize the out-of-locality (global) information of the samples simultaneously. Different from principal component analysis (PCA) that aims to preserve the global information and locality-preserving projections (LPPs) that is in favor of preserving the local structure of the data set, LPMIP seeks a tradeoff between the global and local structures, which is adjusted by a parameter alpha, so as to find a subspace that detects the intrinsic manifold structure for classification tasks. Computationally, by constructing the adjacency matrix, LPMIP is formulated as an eigenvalue problem. LPMIP yields orthogonal basis functions, and completely avoids the singularity problem as it exists in LPP. Further, we develop an efficient and stable LPMIP/QR algorithm for implementing LPMIP, especially, on high-dimensional data set. Theoretical analysis shows that conventional linear projection methods such as (weighted) PCA, maximum margin criterion (MMC), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and LPP could be derived from the LPMIP framework by setting different graph models and constraints. Extensive experiments on face, digit, and facial expression recognition show the effectiveness of the proposed LPMIP method.
Optimal Control of Traction Motor Drives Under Electrothermal Constraints (2014)

Peak torque and power density requirements for traction motor drives continue to increase, while demands on reliability are getting increasingly stringent as well. With the knowledge that most of the failure mechanisms are related to excessive temperature (cycling), thermal management is a key for increasing performance, without jeopardizing reliability. This paper proposes a control strategy for active thermal management of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, based on real-time estimation and feedback of switching device and motor temperatures. By regulating the switching frequency and current control limit, critical components can be safeguarded from excessive temperature rise. Furthermore, optimal dq-current control vectors are calculated within the temperature and voltage constraints, to maximize the drive's efficiency and speed-torque envelope. Hence, the control strategy enables the drivetrain to operate safely at maximum attainable performance limits. The strategy is experimentally validated on an 11-kW PMSM drive for a number of representative vehicle loads, including a maximum standstill torque test, a maximum acceleration test, and a driving cycle test.
Building Distributed File Systems on Commercial Cloud Storage Services (2016)

With the increase in bandwidths available for internet users, cloud storage services have emerged to offer home users an easy way to share files and extend the storage space available for them. Most systems offer a limited free storage quota and combining these resources from multiple providers could be intriguing to cost-oriented users. In this study, we will implement a virtual file system that utilizes multiple different commercial cloud storage services (Dropbox, Google Drive, Microsoft OneDrive) to store its data. The data will be distributed among the different services and the structure of the data will be managed locally by the file system. The file system will be run in user space using FUSE and will use APIs provided by the cloud storage services to access the data. Our goal is to show that it is feasible to combine the free space offered by multiple services into a single easily accessible storage medium.\n\nBuilding such a system requires making design choices in multiple problem areas ranging from data distribution and performance to data integrity and data security. We will show how our file system is designed to address these requirements and will then conduct several tests to measure and analyze the level of performance provided by our system in different file system operation scenarios. The results will also be compared to the performance of using the distinct cloud storage services directly without distributing the data. This will help us to estimate the overhead or possible gain in performance caused by the distribution of data. It will also help us to locate the bottlenecks of the system. Finally, we will discuss some of the ways that could be used to improve the system based on test results and examples from existing distributed file systems.
Hybrid Pulse Width Modulation Strategy for Wide Speed Range in IPMSM with Low Cost Drives (2016)

The control performance of hybrid PWM inverter using a phase current measurement is presented in this paper. The hybrid PWM technique consists of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and six-step voltage control operation. The SVPWM is performed to reduce the harmonic components in the low speed region, and the six-step modulation is applied to increase the maximum speed of the IPMSM in the high speed region. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a great performance in both the low speed range and high speed range. However, the six-step modulation cannot be completely implemented, since the inverter that includes the lag-shunt sensing method has an immeasurable current region. In this paper, a quasi-six-step modulation using a modified voltage vector is proposed. The validity and usefulness of the proposed PWM technique is verified by MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results.
Protective effect of curcumin against cardiac dysfunction in sepsis rats (2013)

In conclusion, the results from the present study demonstrate that curcumin has the protective effects on cardiac function in rats with sepsis and curcumin could be considered as an effective and safe therapeutic agent for the management of sepsis induced cardiac dysfunction.
A Molecular Marker for the Development of Interstitial Cystitis in a Rat Model: Isoactin Gene Expression (1997)

The intravesical application of dilute HCl in rats results in a histologic appearance which mimics that seen in humans with interstitial cystitis. The appearance of detrusor mastocytosis and eosinophilia was accompanied by a relative decrease in the expression of gamma- and a relative increase in alpha-smooth muscle isoactin gene expression. This pattern of smooth muscle isoactin expression is consistent with a more immature and possibly synthetic smooth muscle phenotype, which may be responsible for the clinical presentation of those with IC. Northern blot analysis of bladder smooth muscle cells may serve as an effective marker for the development of interstitial cystitis in humans.
IOMeans: Classifying Multi-concurrent I/O Threads Using Spatio-Tempo Mapping (2019)

There is a trend to apply machine learning techniques to improve the performance of core storage components. Typically, a storage system is shared by many concurrent workloads. Because of this, it's challenging for contemporary machine learning algorithms to learn the hidden patterns from the entangled traces. We develop a novel temporal-aware sequence classification to mine the correlation between I/O requests and represents the addresses with multidimensional vectors that shows better spatial locality. We can efficiently split and clean the entangled I/O trace. By integrating with Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), we greatly improve the cache hit ratio for several concurrent file access workloads.
The Biologic Clock: The Mitochondria? (1972)

ABSTRACT: The author suggests that the maximal life span of a given mammalian species is largely an expression of genetic control over the rate of oxygen utilization. The latter determines the rate of accumulation of mitochondrial damage produced by free radical reactions, the rate increasing with the rate of oxygen consumption, which ultimately causes death.
KARAP/DAP12/TYROBP: three names and a multiplicity of biological functions (2005)

The signaling adaptor protein KARAP/DAP12/TYROBP (killer cell activating receptor-associated protein / DNAX activating protein of 12 kDa / tyrosine kinase binding protein) belongs to the family of transmembrane polypeptides bearing an intracytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). This adaptor, initially characterized in NK cells, is associated with multiple cell-surface activating receptors expressed in both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. We review here the main features of KARAP/DAP12, describing findings from its identification to recently published data, showing its involvement in a broad array of biological functions. KARAP/DAP12 is a wiring component for NK cell anti-viral function (e.g. mouse cytomegalovirus via its association with mouse Ly49H) and NK cell anti-tumoral function (e.g. via its association with mouse NKG2D or human NKp44). KARAP/DAP12 is also involved in inflammatory reactions via its coupling to myeloid receptors, such as the triggering receptors expressed by myeloid cells (TREM) displayed by neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. Finally, bone remodeling and brain function are also dependent upon the integrity of KARAP/DAP12 signals, as shown by the analysis of KARAP/DAP12-deficient mice and KARAP/DAP12-deficient Nasu-Hakola patients.