gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topical Caspofungin for Treatment of Keratitis Caused by <i>Candida albicans</i> in a Rabbit Model (2005)

Candida albicans is the most frequent cause of fungal keratitis in temperate regions. Caspofungin has potent activity against Candida spp. in a variety of clinical settings. Little is known, however, about its activity against fungal keratitis. We compared the efficacy of topical caspofungin with that of topical amphotericin B (AMB) in a rabbit model of experimental keratomycosis. Keratitis was induced with a standardized inoculum of Candida albicans (SC 5314) placed on the debrided cornea. Twenty-four hours after infection, animals were randomly assigned to treatment with 0.15% caspofungin, 0.5% caspofungin, 0.15% AMB, and a saline control (n = 12 rabbits in each group). For the first 12 h, treatment was repeated every 30 min and, after a 12-h pause, was resumed at hourly intervals for another 12 h. The animals were examined and killed 12 h after administration of the last dose. Treatment effects were evaluated by clinical assessment, fungal culture, and histopathology. Drug treatment significantly reduced corneal fungal recovery from 3.78 log10 CFU in saline-treated animals to 2.97, 1.76, and 1.18 log10 CFU in animals treated with 0.15% caspofungin, 0.5% caspofungin, and 0.15% AMB, respectively. By histopathology, the mean hyphal density was significantly lower in the corneas of treated animals than in those of the controls; there was no difference in hyphal densities between the different treatment groups. The depth of corneal invasion was not significantly reduced by the antifungal treatments. By clinical assessment, keratitis progressed in animals treated with saline, whereas disease progression was inhibited by all drug treatment regimens. In our rabbit model, 0.5% caspofungin was as effective as 0.15% AMB for the topical treatment of Candida keratitis. The potential clinical efficacy of caspofungin awaits further investigation.
You Can't Always Count How You Want: Why Texas Series LLCs Do Not Offer a Unique Advantage to Employers Who Wish to Avoid the Affordable Care Act's Employer Mandate (2013)

Addresses the issues of how a series should be treated for employment tax purposes and discusses how the employer mandate will likely be enforced against a Texas series LLC.
Structuring of baseball live games based on speech recognition using task dependant knowledge (2004)

It is a difficult problem to recognize baseball live speech because the speech is rather fast, noisy and disfluent due to rephrasing, repetition, mistake and grammatical deviation caused by spontaneous speaking style. To solve these problems, we propose in this paper a speech recognition method of incorporating the baseball game knowledge such as counting of inning, out, strike and ball. Due to this taskdependent knowledge, the proposed method can effectively prevent speech recognition errors. This method is formalized in the framework of probability theory and implemented in the conventional speech decoding (Viterbi) algorithm. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach improved the structuring situation segmentation accuracy as well as keywords accuracy.
A review of magnetic sensors (1990)

Eleven of the most common technologies used for magnetic field sensing are described and compared. These are the search coil, flux-gate, optically pumped, nuclear precession, SQUID, Hall-effect, magnetoresistive, magnetodiode, magnetotransistor, fiber optic, and magnetooptic technologies. The use of these sensors in relation to working with or around the Earth's magnetic field is addressed. Three classes of applications and a specific application from each are examined: low-sensitivity (noncontact switching), medium-sensitivity (magnetic anomaly detection and magnetic compassing), and high-sensitivity (brain-function mapping).
On-line error detection and correction in storage elements with cross-parity check (2003)

This paper proposes the cross-parity check as a method for an on-line detection of multiple bit-errors in storage elements of microprocessors like registers or register files. Transient or 'soft' errors caused by radiation or electromagnetic influences are the focus of this work. Especially for register files or register groups, an easy implementable error correction method is proposed, which can be performed by software routines or additional hardware. The method is based on the logical interpretation of cross-parity vectors.
Streaming over 3G and LTE (2013)

Energy consumption of mobile devices is a great concern and streaming applications are among the most power hungry ones. We evaluate the energy saving potential of shaping streaming traffic into bursts before transmitting it over 3G and LTE networks to smartphones. The idea is that in between the bursts, the phone has sufficient time to switch from the high-power active state to low-power states. We investigate the impact of the network parameters, namely inactivity timers and discontinuous reception, on the achievable energy savings and on the radio access network signaling load. The results confirm that traffic shaping is an effective way to save energy, even up to 60% of energy saved when streaming music over LTE. However, we note large differences in the signaling load. LTE with discontinuous reception and long inactivity timer value achieves the energy savings with no extra signaling load, whereas non-standard Fast Dormancy in 3G can multiply the signaling traffic by a factor of ten.
Simultaneous signals in IFM receivers (1997)

The problem of frequency measurement by an IFM receiver when there are two or more simultaneous signals is considered. The problem is different from other frequency estimation problems considered in the literature since the IFM receiver is an extremely wideband device and reliable estimation is required for short pulse signals. A fast algorithm for estimating the frequencies of all the simultaneous signals is proposed. Computer simulations of the technique are compared with performance analyses.
Bortezomib reverses a post‐translational mechanism of tumorigenesis for <i>patched1</i> haploinsufficiency in medulloblastoma (2009)

These results suggest that proteasome inhibition is a potential new therapeutic approach in medulloblastoma.
Models for Nonheme Iron Intermediates:  Structural Basis for Tuning the Spin States of Fe(TPA) Complexes (1997)

Our efforts to model the oxygen activation chemistry of nonheme iron enzymes have yielded transient intermediates with novel properties. These properties can be dramatically affected by the introduction of a 6-methyl substituent on the pendant pyridines of the tetradentate ligand TPA (TPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine). A series of Fe(TPA) complexes has thus been synthesized and characterized to provide the structural basis for these dramatic effects. The following complexes have been obtained: [Fe(L)(CH3CN)2](ClO4)2 (1, L = TPA; 2, L = 6-MeTPA; 3, L = 6-Me2TPA; 4, L = 6-Me3TPA) and [Fe(L)(acac)](ClO4)2 (5, L = TPA; 6, L = 5-Me3TPA; 7, L = 6-MeTPA). As indicated by 1H NMR and/or EPR, 1, 5, and 6 with no 6-methyl substituent are low spin, while complexes 2, 3, 4, and 7 with at least one 6-methyl substituent are all high spin, with higher redox potentials than their low-spin counterparts. The ligands with 6-methyl substituents thus favor a metal center with a larger ionic radius, i.e., FeII over FeIII and high spin over low spin. Careful scrutiny of the crystal structures of 1, 4, 6, and 7 reveals that one hydrogen of the 6-methyl group is only 2.7 Å away from the metal center in the high-spin complexes. Its presence thus prevents the pyridine nitrogen from forming an Fe−N bond shorter than 2.1 Å as required for an iron center to adopt a low-spin configuration. This steric effect of the 6-methyl substituent serves as a simple but very useful ligand design tool to tune the electronic properties of the metastable alkylperoxoiron(III) species derived from the reactions of 1−4 with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. These intermediates serve as models for low-spin and high-spin peroxoiron(III) species in the reaction cycles of the antitumor drug bleomycin and lipoxygenase, respectively. Similar principles apply in the design of nonheme diiron(II) complexes that reversibly bind dioxygen and of high-valent bis(μ-oxo)diiron complexes that model the high-valent intermediates in the redox cycles of nonheme diiron enzymes such as methane monooxygenase and ribonucleotide reductase.
Über Cyan‐nitro‐phenylhydrazine (1921)

N -p h e n y lp s e u d o -a z i m i d o b e n z o l s erhielten.Ich habe gelegentlich die Untersuchung .diesesleicht zuganglicheu Korpers wieder aufgenommen,
<i>Johnognathus huddlei</i> Mashkova, an element in the apparatus of <i>Distomodus staurognathoides</i> (Walliser)—Conodonta (Silurian) (1987)

The genus and species Johnognathus huddlei Mashkova, 1977, is synonymized with Distomodus staurognathoides (Walliser, 1964) on the basis of common occurrence, similar morphology, and the discovery of a complete S element of D. staurognathoides with a posterior process developed into a platform that is identical in morphology to specimens referred to J. huddlei .
Turbulent Drag Reduction Using Micro and Nanotextured Ultrahydrophobic Surfaces (2010)

Abstract : This final report documents the findings of our research project which demonstrated through a combination of experimental measurements and numerical simulations that ultrahydrophobic surfaces can be used to delay the transition to turbulence and dramatically reduce drag in both external and internal turbulent flows. These enhancements should have a profound effect on a huge variety of existing technologies, resulting in benefits ranging from a reduction in the pressure drop in pipe flows to an increase in speed and efficiency in surface ships and small submersible vehicles.
Characterization of lipoprotein in a kindred with familial hypercholesterolemia (1982)

T o study possible consequences of decreased numbers of cellular LDL receptors on plasma lipoproteins, we characterized the low density and high density lipoproteins in fasting plasmas of a kindred with receptor-defective hypercholesterolemia.The flotation rates ($1,,)63) of the major LDL populations, determined by analytic ultracentrifugation, ranged from 4.7 to 7.4; densities (dZ0) ranged from 1.0348 to 1.0402 g/ml, and minimum molecular weights ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 X 10".On rate zonal ultracentrifugation, the major populations of LDL isolated from individual members of this kindred could be divided into fast and slow floating varieties.Fast floating LDL had a molecular weight >3.15 X lo", slow floating, <2.85 X 10".Both fast and slow floating LDL were found among affected members of the kindred.From molecular weights and chemical compositions, the numbers of molecules of lipid components per LDL particle were calculated.Numbers of phospholipid, free cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester molecules were each strongly correlated with the molecular weights of the LDL particles.Thus, the differences in mass of LDL resulted from alterations primarily of the phospholipid, free cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester contents per particle, whereas the amounts of protein and triglyceride per particle were relatively constant.An important and consistent finding of this study is that the LDL of members of the kindred affected with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) differed from LDL of unaffected members by containing more molecules of cholesteryl ester and less triglyceride, even when LDL were matched for molecular weight.Thus, FH per se affected the core lipid composition of LDL.The mechanisms responsible for the change are unknown.Analysis of the distribution of LDL masses in this pedigree is compatible with genetic factors having some influence on LDL mass, but the great overlap of LDL mass between affected and nonaffected subjects implies that, whatever genetic or other factors limit LDL mass, these factors remain operative in FH. "Hepatic" apoB (B-100, B-74, and B-26) comprised 96% of the protein moiety in all subjects, while "intestinal" apoB (B-48) was not found in any of the LDL preparations.Therefore, LDL of both normal and affected members probably is derived from hepatic lipoproteins.HDL-cholesterol was low in children with FH, but it was also low in an unaffected child and there was no correlation between the presence or absence of HDLz and FH status.There appeared to be a tendency toward lower LDL-cholesterol in those affected subjects whose plasma contained HDL2.However, this suggestive inverse relationship between LDL and HDL2 needs confirmation.-
New Solid State Oil Condition Sensor for Real Time Engine Oil Condition Monitoring (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine lubrication oil degrades at varying rates depending on the lubricant, engine type and application. Traditional maintenance programs are designed to change oil on predetermined intervals (such as run time/mileage), with more advanced algorithms taking into account load and operating temperature of the engine, or lab analysis. Conservative interval based maintenance programs spend too many resources changing oil and longer intervals may result in engine damage. Lab based oil condition approaches also have significant time lag and other logistical difficulties.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Real time engine oil condition analysis offers a balance between oil life and maintenance cost. Real time oil analysis also allows for the implementation of active reliability-centered maintenance. When a fleet manager knows the actual maintenance condition of each vehicle in a fleet, it is possible to accurately prioritize and schedule appropriate maintenance. Real-time oil condition monitoring can help insure that a fleet utilizes the maximum useful life of the lubricants while protecting the performance of the engine</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Researchers at Symyx Technologies have developed a miniature, solid state oil condition sensor based on a crystal tuning fork. The sensor provides direct measurement of the critical physical properties of viscosity, density, dielectric permittivity, and AC conductance of lubricants [<span class="xref">1</span>, <span class="xref">2</span>]. Simultaneous measurements of multiple parameters of lubricating oil in an engine can provide improved sensitivity for detection of changes, which may be the result of degradation or contamination. This paper investigates the response of the Symyx sensor to various diesel engine oil base stocks, additive packages, common oil contamination and real time engine oil monitoring. Results of the Symyx sensor output are compared to conventional lab oil analysis techniques. The suitability of the Symyx sensor as means of determining diesel engine oil condition and predicting remaining useful oil life is discussed.</div>
Black Tamanous, the Secret Society of the Clallam Indians (1916)

The secrecy which surrounded the doings of the Black Tamanous society forestalled any possibility of the public press giving the world any information regarding it.
3D Structure Modeling of Dense Capillaries by Multi-objects Tracking (2016)

A newly developed imaging technique called light-sheet laser microscopy imaging can visualize the detailed 3D structures of capillaries. Capillaries form complicated network structures in the obtained data, and this makes it difficult to model vessel structures by existing methods that implicitly assume simple tree structures for blood vessels. To cope with such dense capillaries with network structures, we propose to track the flow of blood vessels along a base-axis using a multiple-object tracking framework. We first track multiple blood vessels in cross-sectional images along a single axis to make the trajectories of blood vessels, and then connect these blood vessels to reveal their entire structures. This framework is efficient to track densely distributed vessels since it uses only a single cross-sectional plane. The network structure is then generated in the post-processing by connecting blood vessels on the basis of orientations of the trajectories. The results of experiments using a challenging real data-set demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, which are capable of modeling dense capillaries.
Distribution of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and thymidine in the DNA of developing chick cartilage. (1976)

In order to study the mechanism of the irreversible effects of BrdUrd on the differentiation of limb bud mesenchyme to cartilage, the reannealing behavior of DNA obtained from such cells was examined. Cells incubated with [3H]thymidine ([3H]dThd) during days 1 and 2 of culture incorporated label into repetitive, moderately repetitive, and unique classes of DNA. In contrast, when 5-bromo-2'-[3H]deoxyuridine ([3H]Brd Urd) was added during the first 48 hr (in the presence of 32 muM BrdUrd), the label was preferentially incorporated into a late moderately repetitive region. Simultaneous incubation of unlabeled BrdUrd and [3H]dThd revealed a selective inhibition of [3H]dThd incorporation into moderately repetitive regions. Cultures incubated during days 3 and 4 with [3H]dThd incorporated label into all three classes of DNA; however, when [3H]dThd was present during days 3 and 4 in cultures previously incubated with BrdUrd during days 1 and 2, the [3H]dThd was incorporated preferentially in the late moderately repetitive region. The melting behavior of this reannealed DNA was identical with that of the reannealed 1-2 day [3H]BrdUrd-labeled, late moderately repetitive DNA. Turnover experiments revealed that whereas there was no loss of [3H]deoxycytidine or [3H]dThd, 37% of [3H]BrdUrd activity was lost from the DNA in 2 days after removal of the isotopes.
Role of extrinsic atoms on the morphology and field emission properties of carbon nanotubes (2003)

Extrinsic atoms were doped into multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Doped nitrogen atoms alter the original parallel graphenes into highly curved ones including some fullerene-like structures. Doped nitrogen atoms could replace carbon atoms in MWCNTs and therefore increase the electronic density that enhances the electron field emission properties. On the other hand, the incorporation of boron into the carbon network apparently increases the concentration of electron holes that become electron traps and eventually impedes the electron field emission properties. Fowler–Nordheim plots show two different slopes in the curve, indicating that the mechanism of field emission is changed from low to high bias voltages. β values could be increased by an amount of 42% under low bias voltages and 60% under high bias voltages in the N-doped MWCNTs, but decreased by an amount of 8% under low bias region and 68% under high bias voltage in the B-doped MWCNTs.
630-W average-power Q-switched chemical oxygen iodine laser (1990)

The Zeeman effect is used here to demonstrate a gas-phase, self-healing Q-switch for a kwatt-class chemical oxygen-iodine laser. Enhancement ratios of pulse power over CW power of 16 to 1 are achieved with extraction efficiencies of 75 percent. The flows of each type of chemical are presented, and the laser configurations are shown.
An analysis of pilot symbol assisted QPSK for digital mobile communications (2002)

Embedded pilot symbols, which provide an amplitude and phase reference to mitigate the effects of rapid fading in mobile communications, are discussed. It is shown that, unlike the pilot tone systems, pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) does not affect the transmitted pulse shape or the peak-to-average power ratio, and implementation is straightforward. Closed-form expressions are presented for the optimized receiver coefficients, and for the bit-error rate (BER) in binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) or pi /4-offset QPSK. It is also shown that the error rates obtained are lower than those for differential detection for any combination of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Doppler spread, and the performance is within 1 dB of a perfect reference system under slow fading conditions and within 3 dB when the Doppler spread is 5% of the symbol rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
역설경영의 관점에서 본 Y-K 모델의 효과성 연구 (2007)

역설경영이란 양자택일식 경영을 지양하고 상충되거나 모순적인 요소를 동시에 추구하는 경영을 의미한다. 역설경영의 주요 영역은 조직의 존재에서 발생하는 조직모순을 관리하는 영역과 조직의 활동에서 발생하는 경영모순을 관리하는 영역으로 구분되며, 역설경영의 방법은 이중순환학습과 조직여유자원 확보로 구성된다. 조직모순관리는 기업의 이윤을 극대화하고자 하는 경제적 목적과 사회적 기대에 부응하고자 하는 사회적 목적을 조화시키는 이해관계자모형과, 기업구성원의 일과 삶을 조화시킴으로써 개인의 삶의 질을 개선하고 기업의 성과를 향상시키는 일과 삶의 조화 문제로 구성된다. 또한 경영모순관리를 구성하는 주요 경영활동 영역은 효율성과 혁신지향성을 동시에 추구하는 경쟁전략 수립, 상충적 설계변수를 공존시키는 조직구조 설계, 시장과 관료제 그리고 공동체 유형의 조화를 추구하는 인적자원관리, 조건부 협조 전략을 통하여 노사 상생에 도달하기 위한 노사관계관리 등이다. 역설경영을 실현하는 방법인 이중순환학습은 역설적 학습과정으로서 기업의 상충적인 가치와 운영규범이 공존하여 상호작용하면서 발생하는 학습을 말한다. 조직여유자원은 이중순환학습에 소요되는 자원, 지식, 실험정신 등을 조성하며 이중순환학습 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 조직갈등을 완화하는 역할을 한다. 이러한 이론적 틀을 갖고서 경영현실에서 역설경영을 실현하고 있는 기업 사례인 유한킴벌리(Y-K)의 경영을 분석하였다.
HAT: Heterogeneous Adaptive Throttling for On-Chip Networks (2012)

The network-on-chip (NoC) is a primary shared resource in a chip multiprocessor (CMP) system. As core counts continue to increase and applications become increasingly data-intensive, the network load will also increase, leading to more congestion in the network. This network congestion can degrade system performance if the network load is not appropriately controlled. Prior works have proposed source-throttling congestion control, which limits the rate at which new network traffic (packets) enters the NoC in order to reduce congestion and improve performance. These prior congestion control mechanisms have shortcomings that significantly limit their performance: either 1) they are not application-aware, but rather throttle all applications equally regardless of applications' sensitivity to latency, or 2) they are not network-load-aware, throttling according to application characteristics but sometimes under- or over-throttling the cores. In this work, we propose Heterogeneous Adaptive Throttling, or HAT, a new source-throttling congestion control mechanism based on two key principles: application-aware throttling and network-load-aware throttling rate adjustment. First, we observe that only network-bandwidth-intensive applications(those which use the network most heavily) should be throttled, allowing the other latency-sensitive applications to make faster progress without as much interference. Second, we observe that the throttling rate which yields the best performance varies between workloads, a single, static, throttling rate under-throttles some workloads while over-throttling others. Hence, the throttling mechanism should observe network load dynamically and adjust its throttling rate accordingly. While some past works have also used a closed-loop control approach, none have been application-aware. HAT is the first mechanism to combine application-awareness and network-load-aware throttling rate adjustment to address congestion in a NoC. We evaluate HAT using a wide variety of multiprogrammed workloads on several NoC-based CMP systems with 16-, 64-, and 144-cores and compare its performance to two state-of-the-art congestion control mechanisms. Our evaluations show that HAT consistently provides higher system performance and fairness than prior congestion control mechanisms.