gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real time self tuning controller for induction motor based on PI method (2003)

The self-tuning speed control of induction motor drives is presented using proportional plus integral (PI) method combined with the recursive least squares parameter estimation method to regulate the motor speed and load variation. To obtain good tracking and control characteristics, a PI self-tuning controller is adopted and the design procedure is developed for systematically finding its parameters according to the recursive least square method. The performance of the PI self-tuning controller greatly improves due to the integral action which eliminate the disturbance and the steady-state error. In addition, the RLS identification minimizes the error between the actual plant parameter and the recently estimated plant parameter.
The organization of the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> 168 chromosome region between the <i>spoVA</i> and <i>serA</i> genetic loci, based on sequence data (1993)

Summary Three different lambda phage clones with overlapping inserts of Bacillus subtilis DNA, which cover the region from spoIIAA to serA , have been isolated. The nucleotide sequence of their inserts, starting after spoVAF and ending at serA , has been determined. A contiguous sequence of 35354 bp was established, including previously analysed overlapping adjacent regions. Within the newly determined sequence 31 open reading frames (ORFs) with putative ribosome‐binding sites have been found. Nine of them correspond to previously sequenced and characterized genes: spoVAF, lysA, sipS, ribG, ribB, ribA, ribH, ribTD and dacB. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the products encoded by the other ORFs to known proteins allowed putative functions to be assigned to seven of these ORFs. Among these are the following: (i) the ppiB gene, encoding a cytoplasmic peptidylprolyl isomerase; (ii) two pairs of signal‐transducers, one homologous to phoR–phoP of B. subtilis , encoding regulators of phosphatase biosynthesis, and the second to the fecI–fecR of Escherichia coli , which is responsible for the regulation of the citrate‐dependent iron (III) transport system; (iii) aroC and serA genes, involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and serine, respectively, the function of which has beer: confirmed by constructing corresponding mutants with disrupted ORFs. The organization of putative operons has been postulated on the basis of the sequences of their transcription terminators, promoters and regulatory elements.
Electrolytic CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction in a Flow Cell (2018)

Electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> conversion at near ambient temperatures and pressures offers a potential means of converting waste greenhouse gases into fuels or commodity chemicals (e.g., CO, formic acid, methanol, ethylene, alkanes, and alcohols). This process is particularly compelling when driven by excess renewable electricity because the consequent production of solar fuels would lead to a closing of the carbon cycle. However, such a technology is not currently commercially available. While CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis in H-cells is widely used for screening electrocatalysts, these experiments generally do not effectively report on how CO<sub>2</sub> electrocatalysts behave in flow reactors that are more relevant to a scalable CO<sub>2</sub> electrolyzer system. Flow reactors also offer more control over reagent delivery, which includes enabling the use of a gaseous CO<sub>2</sub> feed to the cathode of the cell. This setup provides a platform for generating much higher current densities ( J) by reducing the mass transport issues inherent to the H-cells. In this Account, we examine some of the systems-level strategies that have been applied in an effort to tailor flow reactor components to improve electrocatalytic reduction. Flow reactors that have been utilized in CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis schemes can be categorized into two primary architectures: Membrane-based flow cells and microfluidic reactors. Each invoke different dynamic mechanisms for the delivery of gaseous CO<sub>2</sub> to electrocatalytic sites, and both have been demonstrated to achieve high current densities ( J > 200 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>) for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. One strategy common to both reactor architectures for improving J is the delivery of CO<sub>2</sub> to the cathode in the gas phase rather than dissolved in a liquid electrolyte. This physical facet also presents a number of challenges that go beyond the nature of the electrocatalyst, and we scrutinize how the judicious selection and modification of certain components in microfluidic and/or membrane-based reactors can have a profound effect on electrocatalytic performance. In membrane-based flow cells, for example, the choice of either a cation exchange membrane (CEM), anion exchange membrane (AEM), or a bipolar membrane (BPM) affects the kinetics of ion transport pathways and the range of applicable electrolyte conditions. In microfluidic cells, extensive studies have been performed upon the properties of porous carbon gas diffusion layers, materials that are equally relevant to membrane reactors. A theme that is pervasive throughout our analyses is the challenges associated with precise and controlled water management in gas phase CO<sub>2</sub> electrolyzers, and we highlight studies that demonstrate the importance of maintaining adequate flow cell hydration to achieve sustained electrolysis.
Symbolic reachability analysis of large finite state machines using don't cares (1999)

Reachability analysis of finite state machines is essential to many computer-aided design applications. We present new techniques to improve both approximate and exact reachability analysis using don't cares. First, we propose an iterative approximate reachability analysis technique in which don't care sets derived from previous iterations are used in subsequent iterations for better approximation. Second, we propose new techniques to use the final approximation to enhance the capability and efficiency of exact reachability analysis. Experimental results show that the new techniques can improve reachability analysis significantly.
Synthesis, properties, and structural investigations of 1,3,2-diazaborolidines and 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaboroles (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, properties, and structural investigations of 1,3,2-diazaborolidines and 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborolesGuenter Schmid, Michael Polk, and Roland BoeseCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 22, 4421–4429Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00347a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Polarization of Light (1997)

Polarized Optical Waves. Light Propagation in an Anisotropic Dielectric Medium. Propagation of the States of Polarization in Optical Devices. Stress--Induced or Stress--Modified Anisotropy. Components and Devices Used in the Context of Optical Anisotropy. Polarization Phenomena in the Fied of Guided Waves. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.
Strong magnetoelectric charge coupling in stress-biased multilayer-piezoelectric∕magnetostrictive composites (2007)

A magnetoelectric composite consisting of a multilayer Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 piezoelectric (d33) stack and a magnetostrictive (Galfenol and∕or Terfenol-D) rod assembled in a prestressed frame in a longitudinal-longitudinal configuration has been found to have a high magnetoelectric (ME) charge coupling to an applied magnetic field. Values of the ME charge coefficient as high as 16.4nC∕Oe (or 3.6×10−6C∕m2Oe) were found at quasistatic frequencies and 123nC∕Oe (or 2.8×10−5C∕m2Oe) under resonance drive, which are 100–1000 times higher than that previously reported for other ME laminates.
Quantum noise in optical communication systems (2004)

It is noted that the fiber propagation loss is a random process along the length of propagation. The stochastic nature of the loss process induces a random fluctuation to the energy of the optical signals, which, as an extra source of noise, could become comparable to the amplified-spontaneous-emission noise of optical amplifiers. The optical noise in random loss/gain has a quantum origin, as a manifestation of the corpuscular nature of electromagnetic radiation. This paper adopts the Schrodinger representation, and uses a density matrix in the basis of photon number states to describe the optical signals and their interaction with the environment of loss/gain media. When the environmental degrees of freedom are traced out, a reduced density matrix is obtained in the diagonal form, which describes the total energy of the optical signal evolving along the propagation distance. Such formulism provides an intuitive interpretation of the quantum-optical noise as the result of a classical Markov process in the space of the photon number states. The formulism would be more convenient for practical engineers, and should be sufficient for fiber-optic systems with direct intensity detection, because the quantity of concern is indeed the number of photons contained in a signal pulse. Even better, the model admits analytical solutions to the photon-number distribution of the optical signals.
An Unpowered Flexible Lower Limb Exoskeleton: Walking Assisting and Energy Harvesting (2019)

Powered exoskeletons are used to assist human walking, but it is inconvenient for a user to carry a bulky energy-supply system. During walking, human lower limbs accelerate and decelerate alternatively, during which period the human body does positive and negative work, respectively. Therefore, if the negative work performed during deceleration can be harnessed using some assisting device to then assist the acceleration movement of the lower limb, the total metabolic cost of the human body during walking can be reduced. In this work, an unpowered flexible lower limb exoskeleton is proposed; it is worn in parallel to the lower limbs to assist human walking without consuming external electrical power. The flexible exoskeleton imitates the physiological structure of a human lower limb, consisting of elastic and damping components. When worn on the lower limb, the exoskeleton can partly replace the function of the lower limb muscles, which can scavenge kinetic energy during lower limb deceleration to assist the acceleration movement, so that the biomechanical power consumption can be reduced during walking. In addition to the walking assistance, the generator in the exoskeleton, serving as a damping component, can harvest kinetic energy to produce electricity for powering wearable electronics. A prototype of the flexible exoskeleton was developed, and experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness. The experiments showed that the lower limb exoskeleton could reduce the metabolic cost by 3.12% at the walking speed of 4.5 km/h, and a maximum electrical power of 6.47 W was generated at the walking speed of 5.1 km/h.
Using policy-based MPLS management architecture to improve QoS on IP network (2007)

Abstract:- Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is in the process of standardization by the Internet
Aspect-Oriented Programming for Connecting Business Rules (2003)

The microtubular system is emerging as a cell target in neurodegeneration evoked by the Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its toxic metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)). Looking for a direct effect of the neurotoxin on microtubules, we have undertaken an in vitro study by using microtubule protein purified from bovine brain. We show that MPP(+), but not MPTP, modifies the initial rate and the critical concentration of assembly without affecting microtubule ultrastructure. These findings strengthen the hypothesis for the role of microtubules in the transduction of MPP(+)neurotoxic effect and, probably, in neuronal cell death.
Investigation of spatial configuration of Polypropylene and the influence of Molecular Weight Distribution, Catalyst type and Tacticity on mechanical, Thermal and optical properties of polymers (2014)

Polypropylene is considered as one of the most important plastic types because of its substantial supreme properties such as high melting temperature, good chemical resistance and desirable mechanical properties, and achieving desired properties of Polypropylene is a significant activity, besides, gaining this properties is the most important economical factor in reactor polymerization which gives a considerable curve for performance cost polypropylene. In this paper, polypropylene properties, finding physical factor_ the form, and other factors such as molecular weight _ the type of used catalyst and molecular mass which would be expanded to properties of final polypropylene application, are all described. The state of mechanical changes _thermal and photic changes of polymer which are closely dependant to foresaid factors_ is also discussed in present paper, and this indicates the path toward achieving desired quality.
Altered pH gradient at the plasma membrane of osteosarcoma cells is a key mechanism of drug resistance (2016)

Current therapy of osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary bone malignancy, is based on a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression has been previously associated with treatment failure and progression of OS, although other mechanisms may also play a role. We considered the typical acidic extracellular pH (pHe) of sarcomas, and found that doxorubicin (DXR) cytotoxicity is reduced in P-gp negative OS cells cultured at pHe 6.5 compared to standard 7.4. Short-time (24-48 hours) exposure to low pHe significantly increased the number and acidity of lysosomes, and the combination of DXR with omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor targeting lysosomal acidity, significantly enhanced DXR cytotoxicity. In OS xenografts, the combination treatment of DXR and omeprazole significantly reduced tumor volume and body weight loss. The impaired toxicity of DXR at low pHe was not associated with increased autophagy or lysosomal acidification, but rather, as shown by SNARF staining, with a reversal of the pH gradient at the plasma membrane (ΔpHcm), eventually leading to a reduced DXR intracellular accumulation. Finally, the reversal of ΔpHcm in OS cells promoted resistance not only to DXR, but also to cisplatin and methotrexate, and, to a lesser extent, to vincristine. Altogether, our findings show that, in OS cells, short-term acidosis induces resistance to different chemotherapeutic drugs by a reversal of ΔpHcm, suggesting that buffer therapies or regimens including proton pump inhibitors in combination to low concentrations of conventional anticancer agents may offer novel solutions to overcome drug resistance.
Chagas' disease diagnosis: evaluation of several tests in blood bank screening (1993)

Blood transfusion is one of the principal routes of transmission of Chagas' disease, a major endemic disease in Latin America. Methods for blood screening are not accurate and may yield false results that lead to high social and economic costs. This study compares two methods of diagnosing Chagas' disease (indirect immunofluorescence and hemagglutination) and several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with regard to specificity and sensitivity, by using human sera with known serologic and parasitologic characteristics, as well as samples with discrepant results on conventional serologic tests. An ELISA using recombinant antigens showed no cross-reactivity with sera that were positive for other diseases. All evaluated ELISAs performed well, and their use may lead to a reduction of more than 50 percent in the number of discordant sera. Further improvements are needed in view of the complexity of the serologic diagnosis of Chagas' disease.
T cell-activating properties of an anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody. Possible analogy to OKT3/Leu-4. (1984)

We have identified a single rat monoclonal antibody, G7, that is a potent inducer of interleukin (IL-2) production from all functioning T cell hybridomas as well as from normal T cells. G7 is also mitogenic for normal T cells and is a very effective inducer of IL-2 receptor expression. On fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, G7 recognized a pan-T cell antigen. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that G7 recognized a cell surface molecule of 28-32 kD that appeared to be identical to Thy-1 in coprecipitation studies. In addition, G7 precipitated a protein of 50 kD. The possible relationship of the putative molecular complex identified by G7 on murine cells to the molecular complex identified on human T cells with anti-T3 reagents is discussed. In addition, G7 should prove to be a very useful reagent for studying the early events of lymphocyte activation as well as an inducer of lymphokine-rich supernatants.
Biotransformation of Korean Panax ginseng by Pectinex (2006)

Ginsenosides comprise the major component of ginseng exhibit various types of biological activity, including antiinflammatory and antitumor effects. In these pharmacological actions, it is thought that these activities are carried out by the metabolites of ginsenosides metabolized by human intestinal microflora. It has also been reported that their clinical efficacy varies with the hydrolyzing potential of the components of the intestinal microflora. We tried to develop a process for metabolizing ginsenosides to compound K using food-grade enzymes, which can be used commercially. Among these, Pectinex proved to be the most effective mediator of the catabolism of ginsenosides to compound K. The optimal conditions for this biotransformation were determined to be as follows: 10 to 15% rootlet ginseng, pH 5, 50 degrees C, and 2 to 3 d of incubation, to yield 20.0 mg of compound K/g of rootlet ginseng. We suggest that the metabolism of ginseng to compound K in the presence of Pectinex has many advantages over previous methods, in respects of use of raw, non-extracted rootlet ginseng, which do not require more organic solvents and evaporation apparatus. Potential metabolites PG1, PG2, PG3, and PG4 were detected in Pectinex-treated rootlet ginseng using by TLC and HPLC and, among them, PG4 was identified as compound K by TLC, HPLC, and MS. Additional studies will be carried out to determine the structure of these metabolites of ginseng and to understand the relationship between their structures and activities.
The Production of Algal Biodiesel Using Hydrothermal Carbonization and In Situ Transesterification. (2013)

Increasing demand for liquid transportation fuels and growing concerns about the impacts of our continued reliance on petroleum have encouraged the use of plant-based, alternative fuels. Recently, interest has grown in using oleaginous microalgae as a biofuel feedstock, largely on the promise of high oil yields and the ability to use abandoned or unproductive land along with brackish, salt, or wastewaters instead of freshwater. In this work, we developed a novel biorefinery concept for the production of algal biodiesel that incorporates nutrient recycling while obviating biomass drying and organic solvent use for lipid extraction. We first grew algae, both photo- and heterotrophically, to produce biomass containing lipids suitable for conversion into biodiesel. This biomass was then dewatered to a 15–25% solids paste and reacted in and with subcritical liquid water (180–250 °C) in a process known as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). During HTC, about half of the mass of the algae cell dissolves into the aqueous phase, forming a nutrient-rich co-product, while the remainder conglomerates into a hydrochar that can be recovered by filtration or centrifugation. Our work revealed that nearly all of the lipids present in the algae remain in the hydrochar and that these lipids can be converted into fatty acid ethyl esters without prior extraction by in situ transesterification (IST). We also found that the aqueous phase co-product supported algal growth and could replace roughly 50% of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers used in common media. Based on our experimental work, we modeled the mass and energy flows associated with a hypothetical algal biorefinery capable of producing 5 billion gallons per year of biodiesel and found that HTC and supercritical IST can significantly reduce the energy associated with processing wet algal biomass relative to wet hexane extraction and traditional transesterification, perhaps by as much as 50%. In addition, this work highlighted the importance of effectively converting the non-lipid fraction of the biomass into usable nutrients as well as a source for on-site heat and power.
Multiattribute visual classification of continuous and fragmented seismic data (2007)

A four‐volume visual classification system is described which utilizes HSVO (Hue, Saturation, Value, and Opacity) technology to visually classify multiple seismic volumes, creating sets of qualified geobodies as output. This system can display 3D seismic data volumes which are either continuous (varying sample‐by‐sample), or have been fragmented, using the method described below. Two examples will illustrate how such geobodies, resulting from calibration to well control, are more qualified than those created from single attributes such as amplitude.
[Enzymatic modification of proteins of commercial sesame meals (Sesamum indicum, L.)]. (1984)

Sesame (Sesamum indicum, L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in Venezuela. However, the low solubility of the flour made of commercial meals does not allow its use in the preparation of fluid foods. To solve this situation, the alternative of solubilizing the sesame proteins by an enzymatic method, using commercial proteases, was studied. Hydrolysis was carried out with two types of bacterial proteases: neutrasa 0.5L, and alcalase 0.6L. Basically, the process consisted of milling and sieving the sesame cake (60 mesh), concentrating the proteins by solubilizing them at a pH of 9.5, and then precipitating at a pH of 4.5. Proteins were hydrolyzed by an enzymatic method, and the hydrolysates freeze-dried and spray-dried. Optimal conditions of hydrolysis using neutrase 0.5L at a pH of 7 were: 6% substrate concentration, 3% enzyme:substrate ratio, temperature 50 degrees +/- 1 degree C, and hydrolysis degree of 8%. When alcalase 0.6L was used at a pH of 8, optimal conditions were: 8% substrate concentration, 2.3% enzyme:substrate ratio, temperature 58 degrees +/- 1 degree C, and hydrolysis degree of 10%. The enzyme affinity (Km) was best at temperatures near the optimal temperature for the hydrolysates. Dried hydrolysates had protein values which ranged between 66.3% and 66.9% and a nitrogen solubility in water, of approximately 85%. Hydrolysis yields referred to the concentrate dried mass were 42% for the atomized hydrolysate, and 56% for the freeze-dried one. In conclusion, the enzymatic hydrolysis process improved the nitrogen solubility in water of the sesame proteins.