gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative PET studies of the kinetics and distribution of cocaine and cocaethylene in baboon brain (1992)

Recent studies have suggested that cocaethylene, an active metabolite of cocaine found in blood and postmortem brain of individuals self-administering cocaine and alcohol, may play a role in the increased toxicity seen when coadministering these 2 drugs. We have used positron emission tomography (PET) and carbon-11 (t1/2:20.4 min) labeled cocaine and cocaethylene to compare the short-term kinetics of cocaine and cocaethylene in baboon brain. The regional uptake of [11C]cocaine cocaethylene in baboon brain. The regional uptake of [11C]cocaine ([11C]COC) and [11C]cocaethylene ([11C]CE), 5-8 mCi and 4-6 micrograms, in baboon brain (n = 7) were similar but clearance from whole brain (global, GL) and from striatum (SR), thalamus (TH), and cerebellum (CB) was slower for cocaethylene. Steady-state distribution volumes (DV) were not significantly different in the striatum but were greater for cocaethylene in the thalamus, cerebellum, and whole brain. Debenzoylation of cocaethylene proceeded at about one-third the rate of cocaine, as determined by in vitro incubation of labeled cocaethylene and labeled cocaine with baboon plasma and with purified horse butyryl-cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8). Even though the slower clearance of cocaethylene could lead to longer tissue exposures and potentially accentuated or different physiological effects relative to cocaine, the difference between the 2 drugs is not large. Thus it is more likely that the direct actions of cocaine and alcohol on some organs, rather than cocaethylene, account for this enhanced toxicity.
Giant magnetoresistance in Co1−xCux/Cu multilayers: A new approach to reduced magnetoresistive hysteresis (1997)

Co 1−x Cu x / Cu multilayers have been made by sputtering using codeposition of Co and Cu to obtain Co1−xCux alloy layers that are separated by 20 Å Cu spacers. As with Co/Cu multilayers, this Cu spacer thickness corresponds to the second antiferromagnetic maximum. At ambient temperatures, the Co1−xCux/Cu multilayers with x≈0.5 exhibit an absence of magnetoresistive hysteresis resembling that reported previously for Co/Cu multilayers at the second antiferromagnetic maximum when the Co layers are very thin (∼3 Å). The multilayers with Co1−xCux alloys differ significantly from the low-hysteresis Co/Cu multilayers by exhibiting low hysteresis over a larger range of ferromagnetic layer thickness. This is practically significant because it reduces the demands for thickness control during manufacturing.
A Review of the Effects of Gamma Radiation on Pharmaceutical Materials (1995)

This review on the radiation effects on pharmaceutical materials, with a view to their sterilization by gamma radiation, attempts to cover all the pertinent literature published over the period 1975 to 1992.
A new feature extraction and pattern recognition of partial discharge in solid Material by Neural network (2012)

Partial discharge measuring is the mean tool of diagnosis in High voltage systems, equipment and solid dielectrics. Void or any defect in solid dielectrics will produce the partial discharge and may cause permanent failure after some time. According to type of defect, it will produce different patterns of partial discharge. In this paper we will study patterns of partial discharge in solid dielectric that voids are artificially have made in this materials according to experimental measuring in High voltage laboratory. The patterns will distinct with neural network and results of different type of neural network will be discussed.
Addressing Market Barriers to Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Working Paper 2012-10 (2012)

A large share of total U.S. energy consumption—40 percent—occurs in homes and buildings. Homes and buildings are less energy efficient than they would be if people could assess the value of energy savings more easily and correctly, and if energy prices provided them with stronger incentives to do so. This paper identifies three reasons why people undervalue energy savings: misperceived energy prices, imperfect information about energy efficiency, and biased reasoning about energy savings. The paper then examines four types of policy options for addressing those underlying
Immune Monitoring of the Circulation and the Tumor Microenvironment in Patients with Regionally Advanced Melanoma Receiving Neoadjuvant Ipilimumab (2014)

We evaluated neoadjuvant ipilimumab in patients with surgically operable regionally advanced melanoma in order to define markers of activity in the blood and tumor as assessed at baseline (before ipilimumab) and early on-treatment. Patients were treated with ipilimumab (10 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks ×2 doses) bracketing surgery. Tumor and blood biospecimens were obtained at baseline and at surgery. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry for select biomarkers were performed. Thirty five patients were enrolled; IIIB (3; N2b), IIIC (32; N2c, N3), IV (2). Worst toxicities included Grade 3 diarrhea/colitis (5; 14%), hepatitis (2; 6%), rash (1; 3%), elevated lipase (3; 9%). Median follow up was 18 months: among 33 evaluable patients, median progression free survival (PFS) was 11 months, 95% CI (6.2-19.2). There was a significant decrease in circulating myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Greater decrease in circulating monocyte gate MDSC Lin1-/HLA-DR-/CD33⁺/CD11b⁺ was associated with improved PFS (p = 0.03). There was a significant increase in circulating regulatory T cells (Treg; CD4⁺CD25hi⁺Foxp3⁺) that, unexpectedly, was associated with improved PFS (HR = 0.57; p = 0.034). Baseline evidence of fully activated type I CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ antigen-specific T cell immunity against cancer-testis (NY-ESO-1) and melanocytic lineage (MART-1, gp100) antigens was detected and was significantly potentiated after ipilimumab. In tumor, there was a significant increase in CD8⁺ T cells after ipilimumab (p = 0.02). Ipilimumab induced increased tumor infiltration by fully activated (CD69⁺) CD3⁺/CD4⁺ and CD3⁺/CD8⁺ T cells with evidence of induction/potentiation of memory T cells (CD45RO⁺). The change in Treg observed within the tumor showed an inverse relationship with clinical benefit and greater decrease in tumor MDSC subset Lin1-/HLA-DR-/CD33⁺/CD11b⁺ was associated with improved PFS at one year. Neoadjuvant evaluation revealed a significant immunomodulating role for ipilimumab on Treg, MDSC and effector T cells in the circulation and tumor microenvironment that warrants further pursuit in the quest for optimizing melanoma immunotherapy.
Joining Ceramics to Metals by Abnormal Glow Discharge Plasma (2005)

A novel joining technique of ceramics to metals is presented, in which depositing Ti on ceramics with arc-added glow discharge is used as a prior metallizing technique and then brazing the ceramics to metals by abnormal glow discharge is carried out. The heating temperature of the base metals is easily controlled by varying the operating voltage and barometric pressure. The ions beam from the glow discharge anode is efficiently able to sputter-clean the surfaces of the base materials, which thereby improves better Ti-deposited adhesion on the ceramics and the wetting and spreading properties of the filler metal. The thickness of the Ti-deposited layer is readily adjusted in terms of the actual requirement. The vacuum pressure during brazing can be up to 5 Pa. The cost and duration of the glow discharge plasma brazing are reduced as compared with the traditional vacuum brazing process. The joining technique developed holds potential for industrial applications leading to high product quality.
The Evolution of a Global Cash management System (1994)

Some companies are implementing interorganizational information systems (IOSs) with trading partners that allow them to share data and software across organizational boundaries. The authors explore the effect of IOSs on cash management from a managerial perspective and present a case study of Motorola and Citibank. Motorola’s strategy has evolved from an internal cost saving initiative to a supply chain focus yielding significant strategic benefits. Cooperation between Motorola, its suppliers, and Citibank has brought cash flows in line with product flows. Motorola and Citibank have effectively meshed parts of their organizations and information systems together to provide a mechanism for the seamless collection and disbursement of cash payments between Motorola companies and their suppliers. The key results are just-in-time money and the integration of financial processes throughout the cash supply chain. Finally, the authors compare the results with existing management/information systems theories on globalization and competition.
Building and evaluating a k-resilient mobile distributed file system resistant to device compromise (2011)

Deploying mobile devices to frontline troops presents many potential benefits, e.g. situational awareness, enhanced communication capabilities, etc. However, security remains an impediment to realizing such capability. In this research, we develop and evaluate an approach to securing the non-volatile storage of a collection of mobile devices. Our technique relies on well-established cryptographic primitives, combining them in a unique way to meet military mission specific security and resiliency requirements. Specifically, we create MDFS, a distributed mobile file system using erasure coding, Shamir's threshold secret sharing, and the symmetric AES block cipher. The resulting system provides two important properties: (1) data at rest is protected even after total compromise of up to k devices, and (2) data is replicated within an infrastructureless ad hoc network and, as such, resilient to device outages. We implement MDFS on Android mobile devices and achieve ≃10Mbps throughput in real-world performance experiments, suggesting that MDFS is suitable for a variety of practical workloads.
The impact of shared-cache clustering in small-scale shared-memory multiprocessors (2002)

As processor performance continues to increase, greater demands are placed on the bus and memory systems of small-scale shared-memory multiprocessors. In this paper, we investigate how to reduce these demands by organizing groups of processors into clusters which are then connected together using a shared global bus. We take advantage of the high-bandwidth, low-latency interconnections available from multichip module (MCM) technology, to build clusters with multiple high-performance processors sharing an L2 cache. The use of MCM technology allows for significantly lower shared-cache access times, and higher shared cache to processor bandwidth, than is possible using printed circuit board (PCB) designs. Our results show that for an eight processor bus-based system, bus contention can be a large portion of the overall execution time, and that clustering can eliminate much or all of it. Clustering also tends to reduce read stall times due to shared working set effects and a reduction in the effect of communication misses. The same is true for two and four processor systems, although to a lesser extent. Overall, we find that clustering can result in significant performance gains for applications which heavily utilize the memory system.
Epitaxial Growth of a (101) Pb(Zr<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ti<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>)O<sub>3</sub>Film on an Epitaxial (110) Ir/(100) ZrN/(100) Si Substrate Structure (2002)

We deposited an Ir film on the epitaxial (100) ZrN/(100) Si substrate and deposited a Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT) film serially, using the sputter deposition method. The (110)-oriented Ir and (101)-oriented PZT regions in the deposited films were increased by increasing the substrate temperature TS for the Ir film from 600 to 800°C while the (100)-oriented Ir and (001)-oriented PZT regions decreased. At TS=800°C, we can obtain a predominant (110)-oriented epitaxial Ir film on the epitaxial (100) ZrN film. On this epitaxial Ir film, a predominant (101)-oriented epitaxial PZT film can also be obtained around TS=600°C. We estimated the ferroelectric property of the (101) PZT film, compared with the (101)+(001) PZT film. It was found that the remanent polarization and the coercive field of the (101) PZT film were smaller than those of the (101)+(001) PZT film.
Constructive neural network in model-based control of a biotechnological process (2004)

In the present work, a constructive learning algorithm is employed to design an optimal one-hidden layer neural network structure that best approximates a given mapping. The method determines not only the optimal number of hidden neurons but also the best activation function for each node. Here, the projection pursuit technique is applied in association with the optimization of the solvability condition, giving rise to a more efficient and accurate computational learning algorithm. As each activation function of a hidden neuron is optimally defined for every approximation problem, better rates of convergence are achieved. The proposed constructive learning algorithm was successfully applied to identify a large-scale multivariate process, providing a multivariable model that was able to describe the complex process dynamics, even in long-range horizon predictions. The resulting identification model is then considered as part of a model-based predictive control strategy, with high-quality performance in closed-loop experiments.
Characterization of N‐glycans of recombinant human thyrotropin using mass spectrometry (2005)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is a vital component of the regulatory mechanism that maintains the structure and function of the thyroid gland and governs thyroid hormone release. In this paper we report the first detailed structural characterization of the N-linked oligosaccharides of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH). Using a strategy combining mass spectrometric analysis and sequential exoglycosidase digestion, we have defined the structures of the N-glycans released from recombinant human thyrotropin by peptide N-glycosidase F. All glycans are complex-type glycans and are mainly of the bi- and triantennary type with variable degrees of fucosylation and sialylation. The major non-reducing epitope in the complex-type glycans is: NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc (sialylated LacNAc). The carbohydrate microheterogeneity at the three glycosylation sites was studied using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), concanavalin A affinity chromatography and mass spectrometric techniques, including both matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray. rhTSH was reduced, carboxymethylated and then digested with trypsin. The mixture of peptides and glycopeptides was subjected to RP-HPLC and the structures of the glycopeptides were determined by MALDI in conjunction with on-target exoglycosidase digestions. After PNGase F digestion, the peptide moiety of the glycopeptide was determined by the presence of the b- and y-series ions derived from its amino acid sequence in the quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass (QTOF-MS/MS) spectrum. Glycosylation sites Asn-alpha52 and Asn-alpha78 contain mainly bi- and triantennary complex-type glycans. Only glycosylation site Asn-alpha52 bears fucosylated N-glycans. Minor tetraantennary complex structures were also observed on both glycosylation sites. Profiling of the carbohydrate moieties of Asn-beta23 indicates a large heterogeneity. Bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary N-glycans were present at this site. These data demonstrate site-specificity of glycosylation in the alpha subunit but not in the beta subunit of rhTSH with Asn-alpha52 bearing essentially di- and triantennary glycans with or without core fucosylation and bi- and triantennary glycans with no core fucosylation being attached to Asn-alpha78.
Smartphone Sensing Meets Transport Data: A Collaborative Framework for Transportation Service Analytics (2017)

We advocate for and introduce TRANSense, a framework for urban transportation service analytics that combines participatory smartphone sensing data with city-scale transportation-related transactional data (taxis, trains, etc.). Our work is driven by the observed limitations of using each data type in isolation: (a) commonly-used anonymous city-scale datasets (such as taxi bookings and GPS trajectories) provide insights into the aggregate behavior of transport infrastructure, but fail to reveal individual-specific transport experiences (e.g., wait times in taxi queues); while (b) mobile sensing data can capture individual-specific commuting-related activities, but suffers from accuracy and energy overhead challenges due to usage artefacts and lack of appropriate sensing triggers. TRANSense demonstrates how a judicious fusion of such disparate data sources can overcome these challenges and offer novel insights. We detail two examples: (a) Taxi Service Analyzer that provides accurate detection of commuter queuing for taxis and estimates their wait time, by using taxi trip records to identify potential taxi locations with high demand and subsequently selectively triggering mobile sensing-based queuing analytics on nearby commuters; and (b) Subway Boarding Analyzer that identifies instances when passengers fail to board arriving trains, by first estimating train arrivals from temporal patterns of passenger egress at station gantries, and then using mobile sensing-based analysis of commuter movement behavior on platforms. Experiments with real-world datasets (from over 20,000 taxis and 1.7 million commuters in Singapore) show the power of this approach: the taxi service analyzer detects commuter queuing with over 90 percent accuracy with negligible energy overhead and estimates wait times with error margins below 15 percent, whereas the subway boarding analyzer can detect failed boarding events with a precision of over 90 percent (more than thrice what is achievable through purely mobile sensing).
Hierarchical QoS Architecture for Networked Virtual Dancing Environment (2003)

In this paper, we present the hierarchical QoS architecture for the virtual dancing environment. In this system, geographically distributed users share the virtual dancing hall and interact to each other. The participating object can be a graphical avatar or live video stream. It allows the coexistence of graphic objects and real stream in a shared virtual space. One of the main technical challenges in developing distribute virtual environment is to handle excessive network traffic. In an effort to effectively reduce the network traffic, we propose to adjust the QoS of each object with respect to the distance from the observer in the virtual space. The server maintains the QoS vector for each client&apos;s shared space. The server controls the packet traffic to individual clients based on its QoS vectors. We develop proto-type virtual dancing environment. Java based development enables the client to be platform independent. The result of experiment shows that the adoption of hierarchical QoS architectures significantly reduces the overall network traffic.
Development of Lithium-ion Battery Deterioration Diagnosis Technology (2013)

Deterioration of lithium-ion batteries is observed after repeated charge/discharge cycles or long term storage. The deterioration often appears as a decrease in capacity or increase in internal impedance of the batteries. Measuring alternating-current resistance (ACR) using a frequency response analyzer (FRA) is a well-known method for battery deterioration analysis. This paper introduces a newly developed Yokogawa technology for estimating ACR through any waveforms. This technology implies the possibility of in-situ battery deterioration diagnosis. To verify the feasibility for vehicles, actual voltage and current waveforms of running vehicles were used.
Two Stable 3D Metal−Organic Frameworks Constructed by Nanoscale Cages via Sharing the Single-Layer Walls (2005)

Two stable 3D metal-organic frameworks are constructed by the hydrothermal reactions of Cd(NO3)2.4H2O and IDC3- using bpy and Bu4NBr as templates. Both structures show the same frameworks, which are composed by the nanoscale cages via sharing the single-layer walls.
Two mechanisms produce tissue-specific inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by oxfenicine (1985)

Oxfenicine [S-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine] is transaminated in heart and liver to 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate, an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation shown in this study to act at the level of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (EC 2.3.1.21). Oxfenicine was an effective inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation in heart, but not in liver. Tissue specificity of oxfenicine inhibition of fatty acid oxidation was due to greater oxfenicine transaminase activity in heart and to greater sensitivity of heart carnitine palmitoyltransferase I to inhibition by 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate [I50 (concentration giving 50% inhibition) of 11 and 510 microM for the enzymes of heart and liver mitochondria, respectively]. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase (isoenzyme I, EC 2.6.1.42) was responsible for the transamination of oxfenicine in heart. A positive correlation was found between the capacity of various tissues to transaminate oxfenicine and the known content of branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase in these tissues. Out of three observed liver oxfenicine aminotransferase activities, one may correspond to asparagine aminotransferase, but the major activity could not be identified by partial purification and characterization. As reported previously for malonyl-CoA inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate inhibition of this enzyme was found to be very pH-dependent. In striking contrast with the kinetics of malonyl-CoA inhibition, 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate inhibition was not affected by oleoyl-CoA concentration, but was partially reversed by increasing carnitine concentrations.
Decreased Vesicular Somatodendritic Dopamine Stores in Leptin-Deficient Mice (2007)

An increasing number of studies indicate that leptin can regulate the activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system. The objective of this study was to examine the regulation of the activity of dopamine neurons by leptin. This was accomplished by examining the dopamine D2 receptor-mediated synaptic current that resulted from somatodendritic release of dopamine in brain slices taken from mice that lacked leptin (Lep(ob/ob) mice). Under control conditions, the amplitude and kinetics of the IPSC in wild-type and Lep(ob/ob) mice were not different. However, in the presence of forskolin or cocaine, the facilitation of the dopamine IPSC was significantly reduced in Lep(ob/ob) mice. The application of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) increased the IPSC in Lep(ob/ob) mice significantly more than in wild-type animals and fully restored the responses to both forskolin and cocaine. Treatment of Lep(ob/ob) mice with leptin in vivo fully restored the cocaine-induced increase in the IPSC to wild-type levels. These results suggest that there is a decrease in the content of somatodendritic vesicular dopamine in the Lep(ob/ob) mice. The release of dopamine from terminals may be less affected in the Lep(ob/ob) mice, because the cocaine-induced rise in dopamine in the ventral striatum was not statistically different between wild-type and Lep(ob/ob) mice. In addition, the relative increase in cocaine-induced locomotion was similar for wild-type and Lep(ob/ob) mice. These results indicate that, although basal release is not altered, the amount of dopamine that can be released is reduced in Lep(ob/ob) mice.