gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Capillary Tube NMR. A Miniaturized 5-μL High-Sensitivity TXI Probe for Mass-Limited Samples, Off-Line LC NMR, and HT NMR (2002)

A new triple-resonance (TXI) (1H, 13C, 15N) high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) capillary probe with 2.5-microL NMR-active sample volume (V(obs)) was built and tested for applications with mass- and volume-limited samples and for coupling of microbore liquid chromatography to NMR. This is the first microliter probe with optimized coil geometry for use with individual capillary tubes with an outer diameter of 1 mm. The 90 degree pulse lengths of the 1-mm microliter probe were below 2 micros for proton, below 8 micros for carbon, and below 20 micros for nitrogen, and a spectral line width at signal half-height below 1 Hz was obtained. Compared to a conventional 5-mm probe, the new 600-MHz 1-mm TXI microliter probe with z-gradient shows an increase in mass sensitivity by a factor of 5, corresponding to a 25-fold reduction in measuring time. The consumption of costly deuterated solvent is reduced by at least 2 orders of magnitude. The 1-mm TXI microliter probe with z-gradient allows the measurement of one-dimensional 1H NMR and two-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectra with a few nanomoles (micrograms) of compound with high sensitivity, speed, and quality. This is a breakthrough for discrete sample NMR spectroscopy with paramount importance for structure elucidation in natural compound chemistry and metabolic research. It offers also advantages for linking chromatographic methods to NMR in a nindustrial environment. Capillary tube NMR may find new applications in areas where high sample throughput is essential, e.g., in the quality control of large sample arrays from parallel chemistry, screening, and compound depositories. It has the potential to increase the sample throughput by 1 order of magnitude or more if new hardware for fast sample handling and exchange becomes available.
Variants of human seminal acrosin inhibitor (HUSI-II) which inhibit human leukocyte elastase. (1991)

A cDNA coding for human seminal inhibitor II was fused to the ompA-gene leader peptide for the expression in E. coli. The secreted protein is biologically active and correctly processed. Inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis.
Considerations from the Service Management Research Group (SMRG) on Quality of Service (QoS) in the IP Network (2002)

The guiding principles in the design of IP network management were simplicity and no centralized control. The best effort service paradigm was a result of the original management principles and the other way around. New methods to distinguish the service given to one set of packets or flows relative to another are well underway. However, as IP networks evolve the management approach of the past may not apply to the Quality of Service (QoS)-capable network envisioned by some for the future. This document examines some of the areas of impact that QoS is likely to have on management and look at some questions that remain to be addressed.
A New Method of Preparing Hydrazonyl Halides (1975)

The triphenylphosphine – carbon tetrahalide (Br, Cl) system transforms N′-benzoyl-N-arylhydrazines (1), N,N-dimethyl-, and N-methyl-N-phenyl-N′-benzoylhydrazines (3) into the corresponding hydrazonyl halides 2 and 4.Tribromomethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (7), formed by reacting triphenylphosphine with carbon tetrabromide, is capable of transforming N′-benzoyl-N-phenylhydrazine (1a) into the corresponding hydrazonyl bromide (2b) in the presence of triphenylphosphine.
Über einige Derivate der β‐Styrolsulfonsäure (1966)

Abstract Es wird über die Herstellung einiger von der β‐Styrolsulfonsäure abgeleiteter 2‐Phenyläthen‐1‐sulfonsäureester, ‐amide, ‐hydrazide, ‐β‐cyanäthylsulfonamide und ‐sulfonylharnstoffe berichtet.
Continuous leaf optimization for IMRT leaf sequencing (2016)

The CLO model can improve upon existing leaf sequencing methods by avoiding the restrictions of fluence stratification and discretized leaf positions. This study lays the foundation for future models and solution methodologies that can incorporate continuous leaf positions explicitly into the treatment planning model.
Photodynamic therapy of tumours with hexadecafluoro zinc phthalocyanine formulated in PEG-coated poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles (1996)

Hexadecafluoro zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcF16), a second-generation sensitizer for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer, was formulated in polyethylene-glycol-coated poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles (PEG-coated PLA-NP) and tested in EMT-6 tumour-bearing mice for its photodynamic activity. The tumour response was compared to that induced by the same dye formulated as a Cremophor EL (CRM) emulsion. Formulation in the biodegradable NP improved PDT response of the tumour while providing prolonged tumour sensitivity towards PDT.
Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Subgenomic Replicon Resistance to Cyclosporine In Vitro (2007)

Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been met with less than satisfactory results due primarily to its resistance to and significant side effects from alpha interferon (IFN-alpha). New classes of safe and broadly acting treatments are urgently needed. Cyclosporine (CsA), an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory drug for organ transplant patients, has recently been shown to be highly effective in suppressing HCV replication through a mechanism that is distinct from the IFN pathway. Here we report the selection and characterization of HCV replicon cells that are resistant to CsA treatment in vitro, taking advantage of our ability to sort live cells that are actively replicating HCV RNA in the presence of drug treatments. This resistance is specific to CsA as the replicon cells most resistant to CsA were still sensitive to IFN-alpha and a polymerase inhibitor. We demonstrate that the resistant phenotype is not a result of general enhanced replication and, furthermore, that mutations in the coding region of HCV NS5B contribute to the resistance. Interestingly, a point mutation (I432V) isolated from the most resistant replicon was able to rescue a lethal mutation (P540A) in NS5B that disrupts its interaction with its cofactor, cyclophilin B (CypB), even though the I432V mutation is located outside of the reported CypB binding site (amino acids 520 to 591). Our results demonstrate that CsA exerts selective pressure on the HCV genome, leading to the emergence of resistance-conferring mutations in the viral genome despite acting upon a cellular protein.
A Mounting for the Plane Grating (1928)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text George S. Monk, "A Mounting for the Plane Grating," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 17, 358-364 (1928) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Emergency treatment of acute seizures and status epilepticus (1998)

This article discusses some of the issues related to protocols for emergency anticonvulsant treatment of acute seizures and status epilepticus with particular emphasis on the use of benzodiazepines in children presenting to accident and emergency departments.
The effect of phase differences on the time‐dependent variation of the zeta potential of hydroxyapatite (1992)

The osteoconductive nature of calcium phosphate ceramics (CPC) follows from several proven effects, such as a direct bone attachment and enhanced bone tissue formation. Mechanisms leading to these phenomena are still largely undiscovered. Specifically, little is known about the CPC surface and cell-driven reactions. These atomic and molecular level events are involved in tissue attachment and enhanced tissue formation. It is hypothesized that the zeta potential of these ceramics is directly related to the surface reactivity governing osteoconductivity. As a first step in our analysis, the zeta potential of stoichiometric and Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite was determined as a function of immersion time. It is concluded that, under the conditions of the experiment, the observations support the hypothesis in a dual way. First, the absolute values of the zeta potential which were measured are related to electrokinetic potentials known to cause substantial effect on the cellular activities and bone tissue formation when applied exogenously. Second, the magnitude and duration of the changes in zeta potential are related to an ion exchange between the hydrated layer around the ceramic and the ceramic surface, and a net precipitation of new material. If these findings could be confirmed in other solutions, i.e., solutions with a substantially equivalent composition as the fluids in developing bone tissue, a basis would be provided to explain the bridging of the ceramic surface with the surrounding developing tissue.
Mapping techniques applied to fluid mapper patterns (1952)

FLUID MAPPERS can be built to simulate a wide variety of electrostatic, magnetic, and other analogous fields. The visible flow pattern shows the field conformation in terms of a large number of flow lines. Some of these lines can be traced by being selected so that the tubes formed can be mapped by simple and sufficiently accurate routines. The flow pattern for the map of Figure 1 was formed using an 8- by 12-inch slab. Thirty-three lines, forming an equal number of tubes, were traced from the flow pattern. Line selection is arbitary, leading to a collection of unequal tubes. Only accidentally will the relative ohms of two of the tubes be the same.
A 16Kb 10T-SRAM with 4x read-power reduction (2010)

This work aims to reduce the read power consumption as well as to enhance the stability of the SRAM cell during the read operation. A new 10-transisor cell is proposed with a new read scheme to minimize the power consumption within the memory core. It has separate read and write ports, thus cell read stability is significantly improved. A 16Kb SRAM macro operating at 1V supply voltage is demonstrated in 65 nm CMOS process. Its read power consumption is reduced to 24% of the conventional design. The new cell also has lower leakage current due to its special bit-line pre-charge scheme. As a result, it is suitable for low-power mobile applications where power supply is restricted by the battery.
Studies on the Mass Culture of <i>Phaeodactylum</i> (1958)

Mass cultures of Phaeodactylum varying from 15 to 2,400 L have been successfully grown in covered tanks outside the laboratory. The maximum concentration obtained was 32,000 cells/mm 3 . Light has been shown to be a severely limiting factor in dense cultures. On the exponential phase of growth, under maximal light conditions, the highest division rate was 1 division in just under 24 hours. Addition of CO 2 has a markedly beneficial effect on maximum cell densities. Phosphate was taken up with extreme rapidity in dense mass cultures; repeated addition of N and P prolonged growth, provided CO 2 was added. A flagellate (Monas sp.) occurred regularly and became a predator in aging Phaeodactylum cultures. The monad multiplied only slowly in rapidly growing Phaeodactylum cultures. Some estimates are given of the dry weight of crop.
Understanding the Gender Disparity in Bladder Cancer Risk: The Impact of Sex Hormones and Liver on Bladder Susceptibility to Carcinogens (2013)

It has long been known that bladder cancer (BC) incidence is approximately four-fold higher in men than in women in the United States, and a similar disparity also exists in other countries. The reason for this phenomenon is not known, which impedes progress in BC prevention. However, BC incidence is also significantly higher in male animals than in their female counterparts after treatment with aromatic amines, which are principal human bladder carcinogens. These animal studies and related studies in the context of available human data provide significant insight into what may drive the excessive BC risk in men, which is the focus of this article. The carcinogenicity and biotransformation of bladder carcinogens as well as the impact of sex hormones on these processes are discussed, highlighting the novel concept that the gender disparity in BC risk may result primarily from the interplay of androgen, estrogen, and liver, with the liver functioning via its metabolic enzymes as the main decider of bladder exposure to carcinogens in the urine and the male and female hormones exerting opposing effects on carcinogenesis in the bladder and likely also on liver enzymes handling bladder carcinogens. The findings may facilitate further investigation into the mechanism of gender disparity in BC risk and may also have important implications for BC prevention.
Novel one-step cloning vector with a transposable element: application to the Myxococcus xanthus genome (1985)

A new strategy was developed for rapid cloning of genes with a transposon mutation library. We constructed a transposon designated TnV that was derived from Tn5 and consists of the gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase II as well as the replication origin of an Escherichia coli plasmid, pSC101, flanked by Tn5 inverted repeats (IS50L and IS50R). TnV can transpose to many different sites of DNA in E. coli and Myxococcus xanthus and confers kanamycin resistance (Kmr) to the cells. From the Kmr cells, one-step cloning of a gene which is mutated as a result of TnV insertion can be achieved as follows. Chromosomal DNA isolated from TnV-mutagenized cells is digested with an appropriate restriction enzyme, ligated, and transformed into E. coli cells with selection for Kmr. The plasmids isolated contain TnV in the target gene. The plasmid DNA can then be used as a probe for characterization of the gene and screening of clones from a genomic library. We used this vector to clone DNA fragments containing genes involved in the development of M. xanthus.
Crystallization behavior of poly(ε-caprolactone) grafted on silicon surface (2011)

Abstract Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) grafted on silicon wafer with different thickness (10 to 100 nm) were prepared by surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The morphologies, crystallinity, and crystallization rate of different thickness thin films have been investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nascent morphology of the as polymerized 15 nm film was found to be nodular structure form. As the film thickness increased, the nodular structures gradually aggregated to form flat-on lamellae. When the film thickness reached 100 nm, the surface of silicon wafer was covered with a whole layer of flat-on lamellae. The isothermal crystallization study on 100 nm film had shown that the tethered PCL chains could only crystallize in the form of flat-on lamellae. FTIR study had showed that the crystallinity decreased significantly with the film thickness decreasing, while the half-crystallization time increased as the film became thicker. The halfcrystallization time increase of thicker film was supposed to relate with the degree of chain entanglement in the tethered brushes.
[Marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation with sodium alginate gel for repair of spinal cord injury in mice]. (2011)

Sodium alginate gel prepared with solid form sterilization induces mMSCs proliferation and thus can be used as the carrier of stem cell in treatment of SCI.
Highly sensitive metal–insulator–semiconductor UV photodetectors based on ZnO/SiO2 core–shell nanowires (2012)

Highly sensitive metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) UV photodetectors are demonstrated based on ZnO/SiO2 core–shell nanowires. The MIS devices possess simplicity in material synthesis, technological advantages in the device design and uniqueness in the prevailing mechanism. We propose that inserting an insulating SiO2 layer between the metal and photoconductive semiconductor could significantly reduce the dark current resulting in a very high photocurrent to dark current ratio. The photoconductive MIS devices showed a remarkably high photocurrent immediate decay (∼99.9%), photo/dark current ratio (∼4–5 orders), and photoresponse speed (<100 ms). Furthermore the optical emission properties of ZnO core–shell nanowires are tuned by controlling the dimensions of the ZnO core or the SiO2 shell. The mechanism for this enhanced photoconductivity is suggested to occur by photo-excited electron-hole generation and it's tunnelling through the insulating layer by electron hopping through multiple defect energy states of the SiO2 shell resulting in a large increase of electron–hole pairs. The exploitation of this device structure and material synthesis in other photoconductive nanostructures or insulators with similar traits could result in the low cost fabrication of highly sensitive photodetectors and switches.
A Practical Introduction to Electronic Circuits (1995)

This book provides a practically based explanation of electronics which can be understood by any reader who has some knowledge of electrical circuits. Martin Hartley Jones presents a full account of the subject, starting with basic concepts such as amplification, and progressing to analogue and digital IC chip applications, including a lucid account of microcomputers. All the topics are effectively illustrated with stimulating experiments, and the mathematics is not permitted to obscure the electronic concepts, so the book remains very readable. This book is an ideal first text for degree and vocational course students in electronics. It will also be of use to those in other disciplines where electronics is a subsidiary subject. This highly successful text is now in its third edition, and builds on its predecessors by maintaining the style and logical development of the subject.
Robust Regression by Least Absolute Deviations Method (2015)

The research deals with the choice of approach or the appropriate method of estimation, As a topic to be important, especially if you do not check some assumptions of linear form, such as the hypothesis of normal distribution for random errors, and the state of data pollution with abnormal values, since such cases have a negative impact on the estimation of Linear regression model parameters and thus the consequences would be misleading. Hence came the importance of using techniques or robust methods in matters of estimating parameters of linear regression model methods. Robust methods are known as resistant of abnormal values and other violations of model assumptions and appropriate for a broad category of distributions. A comparison in the study has been made between least absolute deviations method (Approach Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares) and least squares method, it has been made by using the empirical part which was the generation of experimental data depending on comparison criteria (standard mean square error of the model , standard mean square error for the parameters estimated and standard average deviation of absolute error), it was discovered that the least absolute deviations method is more efficient in estimating the parameters in all cases the distribution of errors for the model and especially in the case of following normal distribution and in the case of contamination of the data with abnormal values. Keywords L1-norm, L2-norm, Least absolute deviations, Ordinary least square, Outliers, Iterative weighted least squares
Molecular beam epitaxy growth and applications of epitaxial fluoride films (1986)

The growth of an epitaxial insulator on a semiconductor substrate and its subsequent overgrowth with an epitaxial semiconductor has a number of important applications, including the construction of three-dimensional devices, better isolation of devices in VLSI circuits, improved gate insulators, and optoelectronic devices. In addition, it presents a unique opportunity to study an insulator/semiconductor interface under controlled conditions. Many of the fluoride compounds are excellent insulators and can be grown epitaxially by MBE on many common semiconductors. Thus, epitaxial fluoride growth is being extensively studied at a number of laboratories. In our laboratory, the growth of epitaxial CaF2 on Si substrates and subsequent overgrowth with Si or Ge has been studied. While epitaxial growth of CaF2 (which has an fcc lattice structure as does Si) can be obtained on (100), (110), and (111) oriented Si substrates, the best quality crystal growth and surface morphology is obtained on (111) substrates, as the (111)CaF2 surface has the lowest free energy. Epitaxial Si overgrowth of the (111)CaF2 layers generally results in a high density of planar defects near the Si/CaF2 interface. However, epitaxial Ge overlayers have been grown with much lower defect densities.
A linear MOS transconductor using source degeneration and adaptive biasing (2001)

This paper presents a new configuration for linear MOS voltage-to-current conversion (transconductance). The proposed circuit combines two previously reported linearization methods. The topology achieves 60-dB linearity for a fully balanced input dynamic range up to 1 V/sub pp/ at a 3.3-V supply voltage, with slightly decreasing performance in the unbalanced case. The linearity is preserved during the tuning process for a moderate range of transconductance values. The approach is validated by both computer simulations and experiments.
Packet vaccine (2006)

In biology,a vaccine is a weakened strain of a virus or bacterium that is intentionally injected into the body for the purpose of stimulating antibody production.Inspired by this idea, we propose a packet vaccine mechanism that randomizes address-like strings in packet payloads to carry out fast exploit detection, vulnerability diagnosis and signature generation. An exploit with a randomized jump address behaves like a vaccine: it will likely cause an exception in a vulnerable program's process when attempting to hijack the control flow,and thereby expose itself. Taking that exploit as a template, our signature generator creates a set of new vaccines to probe the program, in an attempt to uncover the necessary conditions for the exploit to happen. A signature is built upon these conditions to shield the underlying vulnerability from further attacks. In this way, packet vaccine detects and fllters exploits in a black-box fashion,i.e., avoiding the expense of tracking the program's execution flow. We present the design of the packet vaccine mechanism and an example of its application. We also describe our proof-of-concept implementation and the evaluation of our technique using real exploits.
New chances for asynchronous sensor interfaces (2008)

Sensor interfaces should provide an output signal that can be read out by a microcontroller. Besides digital output signals also time-modulated signals are highly suited to be read out by microcontrollers. This paper discussed the attractive features of interfaces with time-modulated signals, such as simplicity, a low power consumption and flexibility of the signal processing. As a main drawback, it is mentioned that the quantization noise can be higher than that of a second-order sigma-delta converter. However, with the recent introduction of microcontrollers with a high counter frequency (≫70 MHz), this is no longer true, because the effect quantization noise is far below the level of the thermal noise. As an example, noise characteristics of a practical resistive-sensor system have been discussed.