gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential antiatherosclerotic agents. 5. An acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase inhibitor with hypocholesterolemic activity (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential antiatherosclerotic agents. 5. An acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase inhibitor with hypocholesterolemic activityVern G. DeVries, Sheldon A. Schaffer, Elwood E. Largis, Minu D. Dutia, Ching Hua Wang, Jonathan D. Bloom, and Andrew S. Katocs Jr.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1986, 29, 7, 1131–1133Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00157a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00157a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Improved Droop Control Strategy for Reactive Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrid (2014)

For microgrid in islanded operation, due to the effects of mismatched line impedance, the reactive power could not be shared accurately with the conventional droop method. To improve the reactive power sharing accuracy, this paper proposes an improved droop control method. The proposed method mainly includes two important operations: error reduction operation and voltage recovery operation. The sharing accuracy is improved by the sharing error reduction operation, which is activated by the low-bandwidth synchronization signals. However, the error reduction operation will result in a decrease in output voltage amplitude. Therefore, the voltage recovery operation is proposed to compensate the decrease. The needed communication in this method is very simple, and the plug-and-play is reserved. Simulations and experimental results show that the improved droop controller can share load active and reactive power, enhance the power quality of the microgrid, and also have good dynamic performance.
Determining Gene Dosage (1998)

Numerous investigations (both clinical and basic) in today’s molecular biology laboratory require accurate quantification of DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To name a few important examples, quantitative PCR has been used to quantify viral copy number, to perform gene expression studies, and to diagnose genetic diseases. In this issue of Clinical Chemistry , Poropat and Nicholson describe a quantitative PCR assay for the determination of gene dosage (i.e., the number of copies of a gene per somatic cell) of the PMP22 gene, a myelin gene involved in inherited neuropathies (1). The PMP22 gene is extremely sensitive to copy number; for example, it is duplicated in the autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie Tooth type I (CMT1A) disease and is deleted in the autosomal dominant hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). Because the expression of the disorders can be quite variable and CMT1A shows genetic heterogeneity, the DNA testing for these diseases establishes a secure diagnosis; it also permits genetic counseling and testing for high-risk family members. For molecular laboratories involved in genetic disorders, gene dosage determinations are clinically important and frequently performed. In addition to CMT1A and HNPP, there are many genetic disorders where the primary defect is due either to allelic deletions (e.g., Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, α-thalassemia, growth hormone deficiency, and familial hypercholesterolemia) or to duplications (e.g., Klinefelter syndrome and Down syndrome). Furthermore, for the determination of the carrier state of disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy, the accurate determination of heterozygous deletions is essential.

Originally, gene dosage determinations were made from Southern blots. The protocol was laborious and required large amounts of DNA. Furthermore, optimal conditions were required; very high-quality blots were necessary, with consistent transfer and hybridization and low background. We have found that Southern autoradiographic bands >10 kb …
Query result size estimation using a novel histogram-like technique: the rectangular attribute cardinality map (2003)

Current database systems utilize histograms to approximate frequency distributions of attribute values of relations. These are used to efficiently estimate query result sizes and access plan costs. Even though they have been in use for nearly two decades, there has been no significant mathematical techniques (other than those used in statistics for traditional histogram approximations) to study them. We introduce a new histogram-like approximation strategy called the Rectangular Attribute Cardinality Map (R-ACM), that aims to approximate the density of the underlying attribute values using the philosophies of numerical integration. In this new histogram-like approximation method, the density function within a given sector is approximated by a rectangular cell, where the height of the cell is obtained so as to guarantee that the actual probability density differs from the approximated one by a maximum of a user specified tolerance, /spl tau/. Furthermore, unlike the two traditional histogram types, namely equi-width and equi-depth, the R-ACM is neither equi-width nor equi-depth. Analytically, we show that for the R-ACM, the distribution of an attribute value within the sector is binomially distributed. This permits us to derive worst-case and average case results for the estimation errors of the probability mass itself. Our theoretical results, which include a rigorous maximum likelihood and expected case analyses, and an extensive set of experiments demonstrate that the R-ACM scheme (which is essentially histogram-like) is much more accurate than the traditional histograms for query result size estimation. Due to its high accuracy and low construction costs, we hope that it could become an invaluable tool for query optimization in the future database systems.
Ferromagnetism in molecular decamethylferrocenium tetracyanoethenide (DMeFc TCNE) (1987)

The temperature and magnetic field dependence of the magnetization and susceptibility of single-crystal decamethylferrocenium tetracyanoethenide (DMeFc TCNE) demonstrate that this material is the first molecular compound with a ferromagnetic ground state. A spontaneous magnetization is observed for T<4.8 K. The results are consistent with a crossover from a dominance of one-dimensional ferromagnetic exchange interaction to a 3D mean-field-like interaction at \ensuremath{\sim}16 K. The critical exponents are in accord with mean-field behavior. A generalized Hubbard model is proposed to account for the unusual ferromagnetic exchange interactions in this system.
Depolarization in a single-mode optical fiber (1983)

The reduction of the degree of polarization of broad-band light due to propagation in ordinary single-mode fiber is examined theoretically and experimentally. Previous work is extended to account for polarization-mode coupling along the fiber by developing a model for one discrete mode-coupling center and extending it qualitatively to include multiple centers. The existence of nonzero degree of polarization in long lengths of fiber is shown to be due to mode coupling at particular positions along the fiber and the degree of polarization is shown to be related to the degree of coherence associated with the mode-coupling site. The experimental results generally support the model developed.
Two perfectly conserved arginine residues are required for substrate binding in a high-affinity nitrate transporter (2004)

This study represents the first attempt to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which nitrate, an anion of significant ecological, agricultural, and medical importance, is transported into cells by high-affinity nitrate transporters. Two charged residues, R87 and R368, located within hydrophobic transmembrane domains 2 and 8, respectively, are conserved in all 52 high-affinity nitrate transporters sequenced thus far. Site-directed replacements of either of R87 or R368 residues by lysine were found to be tolerated, but such residue changes increased the K(m) for nitrate influx from micromolar to millimolar values. Seven other amino acid substitutions of R87 or R368 all led to loss of function and lack of growth on nitrate. No evidence was obtained of R87 or R368 forming a salt-bridge with conserved acidic residues. Remarkably, the phenotype of loss-of-function mutant R87T was found to be alleviated by an alteration to lysine of N459, present in the second copy of the nitrate signature (transmembrane domain 11), suggesting a structural or functional interplay between residues R87 and N459 in the three-dimensional NrtA protein structure. Failure of the potential reciprocal second site suppressor N168K (in the first nitrate signature copy of transmembrane domain 5) to revert R368T was observed. Taken with recent structural studies of other major facilitator superfamily proteins, the results suggest that R87 and R368 are involved in substrate binding and probably located in a region of the protein close to N459.
Conceptualising Europeanisation (2002)

This article subjects the existing literature on the concept of Europeanisation to critical scrutiny. It begins by providing a general discussion of the methodology of concept formation. It then goes on to assess five current usages of the tern Europeanisation, before providing an alternative definition. The main argument pursued here is that academics have been too quick to conceptualise Europeanisation as a process which is capable of producing certain effects. Consequently, not enough time has been spent on the subject of what Europeanisation actually is (and, indeed, whether it exists). Unless scholars refocus their efforts towards the subject of Europeanisation, there is a danger of misrepresenting or reifying its supposed effects.
Control and measurement of ultrashort pulse shapes (in amplitude and phase) with femtosecond accuracy (1985)

The performances of a tunable femtosecond dye laser are analyzed using accurate correlation techniques. The source is a passively mode-locked dye laser, of which both the frequency and frequency modulation are controlled by one or two intracavity prisms. Interferometric second-order autocorrelations, with a peak-to-background ratio of 8 to 1, are used simultaneously with the conventional intensity autocorrelation and the pulse spectrum to determine the pulse shape. The main advantages of the interferometric autocorrelations are that they provide phase information otherwise not available, and they are more sensitive to the pulse shape than the intensity autocorrelation. The phase sensitivity is demonstrated in an analysis of the Gaussian pulses with a linear frequency modulation. Analytical expressions for the envelopes of the interferometric autocorrelations of typical pulse shapes are provided for quick pulse shape identification. A numerical method is used to analyze the more complex pulse shapes and chirps that can be produced by the laser. A series of examples demonstrates the control of this laser over various pulse shapes and frequency modulations. Pulse broadening or compression by propagation through glass is calculated for the pulse shapes determined from the fittings. Comparisons of autocorrelations and cross correlations calculated for the dispersed pulses, with the actual measurements, demonstrate the accuracy of the fitting procedure. The method of pulse shape determination demonstrated here requires a train of identical pulses. Indeed, it is shown that, for example, a train of unchirped pulses randomly distributed in frequency can have the same interferometric autocorrelation than a single chirped pulse. In the case of the present source, a comparison of the pulse spectrum, with that of the second harmonic, gives an additional proof that pulse-to-pulse fluctuations are negligible.
Purification of factor XI and some properties of activated factor XI from porcine plasma. (1992)

Porcine Factor (F.) XI was purified by following three successive chromatographies. By this procedure, about 5.5 mg of F. XI was obtained from 500 ml of the plasma. The F. XI forms dimer, and is heterogeneous molecule, judging from SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The properties of isolated porcine F. XIa are great similar with those of bovine F. XIa.
Agents with faces: the effect of personification (2002)

It is still an open question whether software agents should be personified in the interface. In order to study the effects of faces and facial expressions in the interface a series of experiments was conducted to compare subjects' responses to and evaluation of different faces and facial expressions. The experimental results obtained demonstrate that: (1) personified interfaces help users engage in a task, and are well suited for an entertainment domain; (2) people's impressions of a face in a task are different from ones of the face in isolation. Perceived intelligence of a face is determined not by the agent's appearance but by its competence; (3) there is a dichotomy between user groups which have opposite opinions about personification. Thus, agent-based interfaces should be flexible to support the diversity of users' preferences and the nature of tasks.
Rapid synthesis of N,N′-disubstituted piperazines. Application to the preparation of No carrier added 1-(4-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluorophenyl)piperazine and of an [<sup>18</sup>F]-selective ligand of serotoninergic receptors (5HT<sub>2</sub>antagonist) (1992)

An efficient and rapid method of piperazine formation (>50%, 30 min) involving the reaction of N,O,O′-tris(toluene-p-sulfonyl)bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine 3 and 4-fluoroaniline in an alcohol or in hexamethylphosphoramide has been developed. It has been applied to the preparation of 1-(4-[18F]fluorophenyl)piperazine 6b, a new precursor in [18F]-labelling for positron emission tomography studies. Compound 6b was obtained in 7–15% decay corrected radiochemical yield in a synthesis time of 145–165 min counted from the labelled precursor [18F]fluoride and a radiochemical purity greater than 98% after HPLC purification. The utility of 6b was demonstrated by the synthesis of the [18F]naphthosultam 8b, a selective antagonist of 5-HT2 receptors. Compound 8b was obtained radiochemically pure in 50 min from 6b(including HPLC) and in an overall yield of 2.5–12%(decay corrected) from [18F]fluoride.
Fiber To Fiber Connections For Medium And High Power Lasers (1988)

The connection of two optical fibers is a problem of great interest in all the application areas of fiber optic laser systems.It has been widely investigated in the field of optical communications,where low power laser diodes are usually employed.Less attention has been devoted so far to the problem of fiber interconnections with medium and high power laser sources,which are used for instance in the industrial and medical fields. We have analysed the possibility of using lens ended fibers to improve the performances of conventional connections,through the relaxation of the positional tolerances.Two types of connections (a) bulb ended fiber to flat ended fiber ; (b) bulb ended fiber to bulb ended fiber are considered,in the case of eaual fibers as well as in the case of fibers with equal core diameter and different N.A. These new connections have been experimentally tested,and their performances compared with usual flat-flat connection.It has been shown that bulb ended fiber connections constitute an effective improvement with respect to the conventional ones.
Coupling Between Neuronal Firing, Field Potentials, and fMRI in Human Auditory Cortex (2005)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an important tool for investigating human brain function, but the relationship between the hemodynamically based fMRI signals in the human brain and the underlying neuronal activity is unclear. We recorded single unit activity and local field potentials in auditory cortex of two neurosurgical patients and compared them with the fMRI signals of 11 healthy subjects during presentation of an identical movie segment. The predicted fMRI signals derived from single units and the measured fMRI signals from auditory cortex showed a highly significant correlation (r = 0.75, P < 10(-47)). Thus, fMRI signals can provide a reliable measure of the firing rate of human cortical neurons.
Molecular Measurement of T Cell Receptor Excision Circles (2013)

This chapter provides protocols necessary for quantifying human, mouse, and nonhuman primate signal joint T cell receptor excision circles (sjTRECs) produced during T cell receptor alpha (TCRA) gene rearrangement. These non-replicated episomal circles of DNA are generated by the recombination process used to produce antigen-specific T cell receptors. The number of sjTRECs per mg of thymus tissue or per 100,000 lysed cells has been shown to be a molecular marker of thymopoiesis and naïve T cells. This technology is beneficial to investigators interested in quantitating the level of naïve T cell production occurring under various circumstances in a variety of systems, and complements traditional phenotypic analyses of thymopoiesis. This chapter specifically describes procedures required for rapid detection and quantitation of sjTRECs in thymus tissue or isolated cells using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sjTREC assay system comprises species-specific forward and reverse primers for amplification of a unique site on the T cell receptor δ (TCRD) sjTREC, a fluorescently labeled (FAM/ZEN/IABkFQ) species-specific real-time probe, and a species-specific sjTREC DNA plasmid standard for quantitation.
Meibom-Drüsen-Dysfunktion (2012)

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a chronic disease, usually caused by obstruction of the secretory Meibomian glands. The subsequent reduction of gland secretion results in a decreased amount of lipids in the tear film. This results in a faster evaporation of the tear film and thus an evaporative dry eye. MGD alone is responsible for about 60% of all cases in combination with aqueous deficiency for a further 20% of dry eyes. While in Europe up to 20% of the population are suffering from MDD, this is true in Asia for over 60% of the population. MGD is more common in women and it incidence increases with age. It is influenced by the hormonal status as well as chemical and mechanical noxious stimuli. Additional risk factors include various skin diseases such as rosacea, acne or atopy. To diagnose MGD, particular attention should be paid to changes in the lid margin such as plugging or pouting of the ducts, thickening and telangiectasia. However, most important is the diagnostic expression of the glands. At first it should be assessed whether secretion can be caused by pressure to the eyelid against the globe and secondly the quality of the expressed secretions should be evaluated. MGD should be treated according to the severity of the disease. While in mild stages instructions for lid margin hygiene, warming and massage in combination with artificial tears might be sufficient, in more severe stages oral tetracyclin derivatives and anti-inflammatory eye drops such as steroids or CSA are necessary for successful treatment.
Reduction of latency in mobile multi-hop relay(MMR) networks (2009)

The frame structure design is more challenging in the new mobile multi-hop relay based (MMR) network architecture, as numerous dimensions of design constraints and challenges have been introduced. Tao et al. propose a simple yet flexible multi-zone framework based upon the current 802.16e OFDMA frame structure design, which enables multi-hop operation while still maintaining the backward compatibility with the legacy mobile stations. However, RS in each tier has different time of receiving data from BS. This time gap is wide and enlarges the ratio of relay zone in frame structure, which decreases system throughput. In addition, this scheme is not considering frequency reuse. In this paper, we propose a MMR frame structure which improves performance while maintaining the backward compatibility. We design the frame structure with frequency reuse. We divide relay zone into several sub relay zones and BS transmits the data starting from the last tier RS to the first tier RS. As a result, we minimize the average time gap of receiving data for RSs. With our proposed frame structure, our simulation shows improvement of MAC efficiency by 30% compared with the scheme by Tao et al.
Reduction in the concentration of <i>D</i> <i>X</i> centers in Si-doped GaAlAs using the planar doping technique (1988)

Whereas the concentration of DX centers in Si-doped GaAlAs is nearly independent of the molecular beam epitaxy growth conditions when conventional bulk doping is used, we have discovered that it can be strongly reduced in the case of planar doping. Most interesting is the fact that this reduction is more effective at a high doping level. At an electron density of 2×1013 cm−2 per doping plane [3% of the atomic density of a (100) oriented GaAlAs surface] we observe a nearly complete disappearance of these centers. A possible origin of this unexpected effect is proposed.
Localization of <i>MODY3</i> to a 5-cM Region of Human Chromosome 12 (1995)

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous disorder that appears to be characterized by a primary defect in insulin secretion. Mutations in an unknown locus (MODY1) on chromosome 20 and the glucokinase gene (MODY2) on chromosome 7 can cause this form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Recent genetic studies have identified a third locus on chromosome 12 (MODY3) that is linked to MODY in a group of French families. We have identified three families from Denmark, Germany, and the U.S. (Michigan) showing evidence of linkage with MODY3 and a family from Japan showing suggestive evidence. Analysis of key recombinants in these families localized MODY3 to a 5-cM interval between the markers D12S86 and D12S807/D12S820.
Image Registration with Uncalibrated Cameras in Hybrid Vision Systems (2005)

This paper addresses the problem of robust registering of images among perspective and omnidirectional cameras in a hybrid vision system (HVS). Nonlinearity in an HVS introduced by omnidirectional cameras poses challenges for computing pixel correspondences among images. In previous HVSs, cameras must be calibrated by performing registration. In this paper, we propose a non-linear approach for registering images in an HVS without requiring calibration of cameras. We first discuss the homographies between omnidirectional and perspective images under a local planar assumption. We then propose a robust patch level registration algorithm by exploiting a constraint on large 3D spatial planes. The proposed approach enables an HVS for applications that require quick deployment or active cameras. Experimental results have demonstrated feasibility of the proposed approach
Polymer Nanocomposite Foams (2013)

Advancements in polymer nanocomposite foams have led to their application in a variety of fields, such as automotive, packaging, and insulation. Employing nanocomposites in foam formation enhances their property profiles, enabling a broader range of uses, from conventional to advanced applications. Since many factors affect the generation of nanost