gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of fluorometry for monitoring and control of a bioreactor (1991)

A new fluorescent bioreactor monitoring probe-multiple excitation fluorometric system (MEFS)-has been developed. This probe was compared to the commercially available BioChem Technology FluroMeasure system (NADH probe). In this task the fluorescence behavior of three model fermentation systems, ethanol fermentation by Candida utilis, phenol fermentation by Pseudomonas putida, and glucose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were examined. The results indicated that the fluorescence intensity and behavior of various cellular fluorophors vary significantly between the different fermentation systems. Monitoring a fermentation process using only NAD(P)H fluorescence provided limited information. The NAD(P)H fluorescence was found not to be the best fluorescence signal for monitoring cell concentrations. The best way of monitoring a bioreactor by fluorometry may be to monitor several fluorophors in the whole culture broth simultaneously and to relate these fluorescence signals to various biological parameters.
A Multi-Component Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccine (4CMenB): The Clinical Development Program (2013)

Recently approved in Europe and Australia, the multi-component meningococcal B vaccine, 4CMenB (Bexsero®, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics), contains three surface-exposed recombinant proteins (fHbp, NadA, and NHBA) and New Zealand strain outer membrane vesicles (NZ OMV) with PorA 1.4 antigenicity. This comprehensive review of the 4CMenB clinical development program covers pivotal phase I/IIb/III studies in over 7,000 adults, adolescents, and infants. The immunological correlate for clinical protection used was human complement-mediated serum bactericidal activity titers ≥4 or 5 against indicator strains for individual antigens. Based on achievement of protective titers, a four-dose schedule (three primary doses and one booster dose) for infants and a two-dose schedule for adolescents provided the best results. Observed increases in injection site pain/tenderness and fever in infants, and injection site pain, malaise, and headache in adolescents compared with routine vaccines, were mostly mild to moderate; frequencies of rare events (Kawasaki disease, juvenile arthritis) were not significantly different from non-vaccinated individuals. 4CMenB is conservatively estimated to provide 66-91 % coverage against meningococcal serogroup B strains worldwide.
Tranexamic Acid Increases Peritoneal Ultrafiltration Volume in Patients on Capd (1999)

The present study suggests thatTNA enhances UF volume in patients both with and without UF loss. SinceTNA did not affect peritoneal permeability and glucose reabsorption, the mechanism by which TNA exerts an enhancing action on UF is largely unknown. We speculate that it may be associated with suppression of the BK and/or tPA system, at least in patients with UF loss.
Multiband Doherty RF power amplifier (2011)

In era of exploding energy consumption and thus equipment operating cost as well as the parallel environmental need to reduce the carbon footprint, energy efficient mobile radio is a very important issue and future challenge. Additionally, increased number of standards, frequency bands and applications require flexible and sustainable solutions. On both fields the power amplifier constitutes one of the setscrews to be addressed. On the one hand, the power amplifiers cause up to 60 % of the power dissipation of a base station, on the other hand it constitutes a bottleneck concerning transmit bandwidth. The following paper presents a very promising concept of a highly efficient Doherty which supports multiband capability in order to enable future efficient, flexible and sustainable mobile radio applications. The basic functionality of the proposed concept is verified by simulation and promising simulated results, based on AlGaN/GaN-HEMTs from FhG-IAF (Fraunhofer Freiburg) indicate the benefits of the new concept compared to conventional Class-AB and Doherty amplifiers.
On the optimal motion planning for solid freeform fabrication by thermal spraying (1994)

A novel approach to optimal robot manipulator motion planning for Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) by thermal spraying is presented. In this approach, given the desired spatial geometry of the object, the motion of the spray gun relative to the forming platform is synthesized for minimal masking requirements considering the probabilistic nature of the thermal spraying process. The work being presented is part of an effort to develop a comprehensive geometric design methodology and the associated CAD/CAM software for SFF by thermal spraying. The software package, once fully developed, will interactively guide the designer to design parts such that they are manufacturable with minimal masking. The material build-up rate can be planned to achieve the desired distribution of the physical/material properties within the object volume. Examples of optimal motion planning for the generation of basic solid objects and computer simulation of the effectiveness of the developed methodology are presented and a number of related issues are discussed.
The Preparation of Several 4-Substituted Imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazines as Possible Purine Antimetabolites (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Several 4-Substituted Imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazines as Possible Purine AntimetabolitesJohn A. CarbonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 22, 6083–6088Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01555a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01555a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effective Cryopreservation and Long-Term Storage of Primary Human Hepatocytes with Recovery of Viability, Differentiation, and Replicative Potential (1995)

Despite reports of successful cryopreservation of primary human hepatocytes, existing methods do not produce sufficient recovery of viable cells to meet the needs of basic research or clinical trials of hepatocellular transplantation. We now describe a protocol for efficient cryopreservation of primary human hepatocytes using University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, fetal bovine serum, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). This method provides >90% viability of differentiated, primary human hepatocytes 8 mo after cryopreservation as measured by trypan blue exclusion, preserves hepatocyte morphology, liver-specific gene expression α 1 antitrypsin), and replication. The effectiveness of UW solution as a cryopreservative agent suggests that metabolic as well as ultrastructural factors may be important in the effective cryopreservation of primary human hepatocytes. The present method represents an effective protocol for cryopreserving differentiated primary human hepatocytes for research. This method may allow characterization and banking of human hepatocytes for clinical applications, including hepatocellular transplantation and hepatic assist devices.
Annealing induced microstructure and fracture resistance changes in isotactic polypropylene/ethylene‐octene copolymer blends with and without β‐phase nucleating agent (2010)

Abstract Previous work showed that annealing induced the great improvement of fracture resistance of β‐iPP, relating to the decreased number of chain segments in the amorphous region. To further prove the rationality of this observation, in this work, the ethylene‐octene copolymer (POE) toughened isotactic polypropylene (iPP) blends with or without β‐phase nucleating agent (β‐NA) were adopted and the changes of microstructure and fracture resistance during the annealing process were further investigated comparatively. The results showed that, whether for the α‐phase crystalline structure (non‐nucleated) or for the β‐phase crystalline structure (β‐NA nucleated) in iPP matrix, annealing can induce the dramatic improvement of fracture resistance at a certain annealing temperature (120–140 °C for β‐NA nucleated blends whereas 120–150 °C for non‐nucleated blends). Especially, non‐nucleated blends exhibit more apparent variations in fracture resistance compared with β‐NA nucleated blends during the annealing process. The phase morphology of elastomer, supermolecular structure of matrix, the crystalline structure including the degree of crystallinity and the relative content of β‐phase, and the relaxation of chain segments were investigated to explore the toughening mechanism of the samples after being annealed. It was proposed that, even if the content of elastomer is very few, the excellent fracture resistance can be easily achieved through adjusting the numbers of chain segments in the amorphous phase by annealing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
A molecular basis for T-dependent B cell activation. (1995)

This review has concentrated on the key molecules which regulate T-dependent B cell activation in the context of the structural architecture within secondary lymphoid tissue where B cell immune responses occur. CD40L clearly plays a key role in driving B cells to proliferate within germinal centers, and although the data is conflicting, there is some evidence that the induction of CD40L is dependent on costimulation through CD28.
New correlation radiometer for microwave thermography (1981)

We describe a new radiometric method capable of reaching a better control of the volume of the tissue under investigation in microwave thermography (this technique is mainly used in biomedical applications). Our process is based on the fact that two (or several) probes with a volume under investigation in common are collecting thermal noise signals which are correlated.
A randomized clinical trial of activated charcoal for the routine management of oral drug overdose (2005)

Routine administration of charcoal following oral overdose did not significantly influence length of stay or other patient outcomes following oral drug overdose. There were few adverse events. This does not exclude a role in patients who present shortly after ingestion of highly lethal drugs.
Degradation of Ciprofloxacin by Basidiomycetes and Identification of Metabolites Generated by the Brown Rot Fungus <i>Gloeophyllum striatum</i> (1999)

Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug, is widely used in the treatment of serious infections in humans. Its degradation by basidiomycetous fungi was studied by monitoring 14CO2 production from [14C]CIP in liquid cultures. Sixteen species inhabiting wood, soil, humus, or animal dung produced up to 35% 14CO2 during 8 weeks of incubation. Despite some low rates of 14CO2 formation, all species tested had reduced the antibacterial activity of CIP in supernatants to between 0 and 33% after 13 weeks. Gloeophyllum striatum was used to identify the metabolites formed from CIP. After 8 weeks, mycelia had produced 17 and 10% 14CO2 from C-4 and the piperazinyl moiety, respectively, although more than half of CIP (applied at 10 ppm) had been transformed into metabolites already after 90 h. The structures of 11 metabolites were elucidated by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They fell into four categories as follows: (i) monohydroxylated congeners, (ii) dihydroxylated congeners, (iii) an isatin-type compound, proving elimination of C-2, and (iv) metabolites indicating both elimination and degradation of the piperazinyl moiety. A metabolic scheme previously described for enrofloxacin degradation could be confirmed and extended. A new type of metabolite, 6-defluoro-6-hydroxy-deethylene-CIP, provided confirmatory evidence for the proposed network of congeners. This may result from sequential hydroxylation of CIP and its congeners by hydroxyl radicals. Our findings reveal for the first time the widespread potential for CIP degradation among basidiomycetes inhabiting various environments, including agricultural soils and animal dung.
Kinetically controlled, adhesiveless transfer printing using microstructured stamps (2009)

This letter describes the physics and application of an approach to transfer printing that uses stamps with microstructures of relief embossed into their surfaces. Experimental measurement of velocity-dependent adhesive strength as a function of relief geometry reveals key scaling properties and provides a means for comparison to theoretical expectation. Formation of transistor devices that use nanoribbons of silicon transfer printed directly onto glass substrates without adhesive layers demonstrates the use of this type of approach for a high-performance (mobilities &gt;325 cm2/V s and on/off ratios &gt;105) single crystal silicon on glass technology.
Bacterial Endosymbionts of the Psyllid Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in the Pacific Northwestern United States (2017)

Insects often have facultative associations with bacterial endosymbionts, which can alter the insects' susceptibility to parasitism, pathogens, plant defenses, and certain classes of insecticides. We collected pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), from pear orchards in Washington and Oregon, and surveyed them for the presence of bacterial endosymbionts. Adult psyllids were collected on multiple dates to allow us to assay specimens of both the summer ("summerform") and the overwintering ("winterform") morphotypes. Two endosymbionts, Arsenophonus and Phytoplasma pyri, were detected in psyllids of both morphotypes in both states. A separate survey revealed similar associations present in psyllids collected in 1987. Arsenophonus was present in 80-100% of psyllids in all growing regions. A slightly lower proportion of summerform than winterform psyllids harbored the bacterium. Arsenophonus was present in the bacteriomes and developing oocytes of most psyllids, indicating that this endosymbiont is transovarially transmitted. This bacterium was also observed in the salivary glands and midguts of some psyllids. Phytoplasma pyri was present in a greater proportion of pear psylla from orchards near Yakima, WA, than from other regions, and was present in a higher proportion of winterforms than summerforms. We did not detect Wolbachia, Profftella, or Liberibacter europaeus, which are associated with other psyllid pests, including other species of Cacopsylla. Our study is the first to survey North American populations of C. pyricola for endosymbionts, and provides a foundation for further research on how bacterial associations may influence the ecology and management of this pest.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily in Innate Immunity and Inflammation (2014)

The tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) and its corresponding receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) form communication pathways required for developmental, homeostatic, and stimulus-responsive processes in vivo. Although this receptor-ligand system operates between many different cell types and organ systems, many of these proteins play specific roles in immune system function. The TNFSF and TNFRSF proteins lymphotoxins, LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator [HVEM], a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes), lymphotoxin-β receptor (LT-βR), and HVEM are used by embryonic and adult innate lymphocytes to promote the development and homeostasis of lymphoid organs. Lymphotoxin-expressing innate-acting B cells construct microenvironments in lymphoid organs that restrict pathogen spread and initiate interferon defenses. Recent results illustrate how the communication networks formed among these cytokines and the coreceptors B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD160 both inhibit and activate innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), innate γδ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Understanding the role of TNFSF/TNFRSF and interacting proteins in innate cells will likely reveal avenues for future therapeutics for human disease.
Low Power 20.625 Gbps Type-C USB3.2/DPl.4/ Thunderbolt3 Combo Linear Redriver in 0.25 μm BiCMOS Technology (2018)

PCB traces have high-frequency losses due to skin effect and dielectric losses. These high-frequency losses results in inter-symbol Interference, ISI, as the signal passes through PCB traces. A linear analog equalizer, linear redriver, removes the ISI which results in a longer signal reach. A linear redriver operating up to 20Gbps can support signaling as specified in USB Type-C and VESA Display Port Alt Mode, Alt mode standards and the USB3.2 specification. It consumes 90mW from a 1.8V supply. It has programmable peaking gain up to 17 dB at 10.3 GHz with 1 dB steps to compensate for the channel loss and a programmable 1-dB compression point of 500 to 950 mV-ppd. This redriver achieves low return loss, better than −16 dB up to 10.3 GHz and low cross-talk, better than −50 dB up to 10.3 GHz. It has been implemented in NXP BiCMOS Technology with/fr~ 170 GHz and consumes 46 rnA per channel from a 1.8 V supply.
Insights into the Low Overpotential Electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO on a Supported Gold Catalyst in an Alkaline Flow Electrolyzer (2017)

Cost competitive electroreduction of CO2 to CO requires electrochemical systems that exhibit partial current density (jCO) exceeding 150 mA cm–2 at cell overpotentials (|ηcell|) less than 1 V. However, achieving such benchmarks remains difficult. Here, we report the electroreduction of CO2 on a supported gold catalyst in an alkaline flow electrolyzer with performance levels close to the economic viability criteria. Onset of CO production occurred at cell and cathode overpotentials of just −0.25 and −0.02 V, respectively. High jCO (∼99, 158 mA cm–2) was obtained at low |ηcell| (∼0.70, 0.94 V) and high CO energetic efficiency (∼63.8, 49.4%). The performance was stable for at least 8 h. Additionally, the onset cathode potentials, kinetic isotope effect, and Tafel slopes indicate the low overpotential production of CO in alkaline media to be the result of a pH-independent rate-determining step (i.e., electron transfer) in contrast to a pH-dependent overall process.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN GENOME SEQUENCE ANALYSIS (2011)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. October 2011. Major: Biostatistics. Advisor: Cavan S. Reilly, Ph.D. 1 computer file (PDF); x, 165 pages, appendix A.
Complementation of H-2-linked Ir genes in the mouse. (1975)

The immune response to the random linear terpolymer of L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, and L-phenylalanine (GLphi) is under dominant H-2-linked Ir gene control in the mouse. Matings between two nonresponder strains produced responder F1 hybrids, demonstrating complementation of the nonresponder alleles. This observation, coupled with the fact that several intra H-2 recombinant strains derived by recombination between two nonresponder parental haplotypes are also GLphi responders, indicated at least two dominant loci are concerned with responsiveness to this terpolymer. The complementary genes were termed alpha (tentatively localized in a new subregion of the H-2 complex, I-F) and beta, which maps in the I-A subregion. Generally, both the alpha(+) and beta(+) alleles are required for responsiveness. However, in the (C57BL/6J X SJL)F1 hybrid we noted complementation between two parental nonresponder strains, each of which carried beta genes derived from different H-2 haplotypes, yet lacked functional alpha genes. The possible cell levels at which these genes may function in the regulation of the immune response are discussed.
Managing ATM-based broadband networks (1993)

Some of the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) virtual path connection (VPC) and virtual channel connection (VCC) performance, fault, and traffic management functions that are currently being addressed in CCITT and T1 standards committees as well as in the ATM forum are presented. The functions include ATM VP/VC connection management, ATM layer operation flows, VP/VC connection performance monitoring, VP/VC connection failure reporting, VP/VC continuity checking, and VP/VC connection operations and maintenance (OAM) cell loopback testing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Noise sources in the LTP heterodyne interferometer (2006)

The LISA Technology Package uses a heterodyne Mach-Zehnder interferometer to monitor the relative motion of the test masses with picometer accuracy. This paper discusses two classes of noise sources that were identified and investigated during the prototype experiments. Most troublesome are electrically induced sidebands on the light, which give rise to nonlinearities in the interferometer output. Even worse, if the differential pathlength between two optical fibres fluctuates, a noise term of milliradian amplitude appears and completely spoils the performance. We discuss the origin and mitigation of this process. Dissimilar beam shapes of the interfering beams produce another type of noise in conjunction with beam jitter and spatially inhomogeneous photodetectors. To study and minimize this effect, we have built a real-time high-resolution phasefront imaging system that will be used for the production of the flight model.
Enhancing Plastic Yielding in Polyestercarbonate Glasses by 1,4-Cyclohexylene Linkage Addition (1998)

Two series of polyestercarbonates containing 1,4-cyclohexylene linkages were designed and synthesized to allow investigation of the relationship between local molecular motion and mechanical properties in these materials. Incorporation of increasing amounts of 1,4-cyclohexylene dicarboxylate linkages enhanced the segmental mobility in tetramethyl Bisphenol A polyestercarbonates and in Bisphenol A polyester carbonates. This effect is thought to be due to the cooperative conformational transition of neighboring cyclohexylene rings. The cooperative conformational transition is thought to be able to activate motions of the linked carbonate segments and further facilitate the molecular motions of neighboring segments. This motion is thought to favor shear yielding. The results are found to be consistent with this notion.
On tunneling in metal-oxide-silicon structures (1982)

The analysis of Fowler-Nordheim tunneling data in metal-oxide-silicon structures is reviewed. It is concluded that a parabolic dispersion relation for SiO2 and an electron effective mass of mox = 0.5m provide the best description of the experimental results, this conclusion is consistent with recent band structure calculations for SiO2. Also included is a brief discussion of the transverse momentum conservation issue for tunneling from silicon of 〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈111〉 orientation into SiO2.