gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital characterization techniques for the analog performance of mixed signal devices (2003)

The authors describe a theoretical framework for obtaining a detailed characterization of the analog properties of a mixed signal transmission channel and present experimental results for the technique applied to an actual device. The inputs to, and outputs from, the channel under test are all digital, which avoids the many problems associated with analog fixturing and wiring and obviates the need for analog instrumentation. These experiments show that extensive performance information can be obtained with high accuracy and repeatability, if the proper type of digital signal processing is employed. The characterization and testing issues described are generic to many newer analog and mixed signal devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hormone replacement therapy may prevent the development of isolated pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis and limited cutaneous involvement (2006)

HRT administration may be effective in SSc post-menopausal women, preventing the development of iPHT.
High Spectral Density Long-Haul 40-Gb/s Transmission Using CSRZ-DPSK Format (2004)

This paper presents an experimental investigation of 40-Gb/s DWDM transmission technologies that can potentially transport multiple terabits of aggregate capacity with ultrahigh spectral efficiency over several thousand kilometers of fiber in a terrestrial optical network. By using carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ) differential-phase-shift-keyed (DPSK) modulation format with optimized signal filtering, we have demonstrated transmission of 6.4-Tb/s capacity with 0.8-bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 3200 km of fiber using 100-km amplified spans. This transmission was conducted using 160 50-GHz-spaced wavelength channels, each at 42.7 Gb/s, in the standard C + L wavelength bands. Low dispersion-slope TrueWave REACH fiber plus slope-matched dispersion compensating fiber with all-Raman amplification were also employed to achieve this record 20-Pbit/s/km capacity-distance product for terrestrial 40-Gb/s systems. In addition, we used a loop-synchronous polarization controller (PC) to better emulate the polarization effects of a straight-line system.
A Receiver Oriented MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

In this paper we propose SPARE MAC, a TDMA based medium access control (MAC) scheme for data diffusion in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The rationale behind SPARE MAC is to spare energy through limiting the impact of idle listening and traffic overhearing. To this extent, SPARE MAC implements a distributed scheduling solution which assigns to each sensor specific radio resources (i.e., time slots) for reception, summarized as reception schedules (RS), and spreads the information of the assigned RS to neighboring sensors. A transmitting sensor can consequently become active in correspondence of the RS of its intended receiver only. We analyze the performance of SPARE MAC in terms of throughput, power consumption, and data delivery delay both through analytical models and through detailed simulations. Moreover, we compare the performance of SPARE MAC against SMAC.
Novel, Objective, Multivariate Biomarkers Composed of Plasma Amino Acid Profiles for the Diagnosis and Assessment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2012)

In this study, we demonstrated that established multivariate indexes composed of plasma amino acid profiles can serve as novel, non-invasive, objective biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of IBD, providing us with new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease.
Smooth interpretation (2010)

We present smooth interpretation , a method to systematically approximate numerical imperative programs by smooth mathematical functions. This approximation facilitates the use of numerical search techniques like gradient descent for program analysis and synthesis. The method extends to programs the notion of Gaussian smoothing , a popular signal-processing technique that filters out noise and discontinuities from a signal by taking its convolution with a Gaussian function. In our setting, Gaussian smoothing executes a program according to a probabilistic semantics; the execution of program P on an input x after Gaussian smoothing can be summarized as follows: (1) Apply a Gaussian perturbation to x -- the perturbed input is a random variable following a normal distribution with mean x . (2) Compute and return the expected output of P on this perturbed input. Computing the expectation explicitly would require the execution of P on all possible inputs, but smooth interpretation bypasses this requirement by using a form of symbolic execution to approximate the effect of Gaussian smoothing on P . The result is an efficient but approximate implementation of Gaussian smoothing of programs. Smooth interpretation has the effect of attenuating features of a program that impede numerical searches of its input space -- for example, discontinuities resulting from conditional branches are replaced by continuous transitions. We apply smooth interpretation to the problem of synthesizing values of numerical control parameters in embedded control applications. This problem is naturally formulated as one of numerical optimization: the goal is to find parameter values that minimize the error between the resulting program and a programmer-provided behavioral specification. Solving this problem by directly applying numerical optimization techniques is often impractical due to the discontinuities in the error function. By eliminating these discontinuities, smooth interpretation makes it possible to search the parameter space efficiently by means of simple gradient descent. Our experiments demonstrate the value of this strategy in synthesizing parameters for several challenging programs, including models of an automated gear shift and a PID controller.
The physics of the scintillation counter (1955)

The resolution and performance of scintillation counters used as energy spectrometers are limited by several factors due to the various physical processes involved. The spread in output pulse magnitude when detecting monoenergetic particles is, in the ideal case, due to the statistical fluctuations in the number of photoelectrons produced at the photomultiplier cathode and collected by the first multiplying stage. In practical usage contributions to the pulse spread may be due in particular to events in the scintillator and in the secondary emission processes in the multiplier. A critical discussion of the above factors is given and also of the problem of non-linear variation of phosphor response with energy and nature of the incident radiation.
System of GIS-Based Hydrologic and Hydraulic Applications for Highway Engineering: Summary Report (1999)

A significant part of the cost of most highway projects is attributable to drainage facilities, such as bridges, highway culverts, storm drains, and water quality and quantity control structures. Design of these facilities involves a hydrologic analysis to determine the design discharge, and a hydraulic analysis of the conveyance capacity of the facility. Although most hydrologic and hydraulic calculation procedures are available in computer programs, the use of which has significantly reduced the mathematical effort involved, a substantial effort is still necessary to establish and manipulate the data required for input into those programs. In this research project, a geographic information system (GIS) for assisting in the design of highway drainage facilities has been developed. This GIS reduces the analysis time and improves the analysis accuracy by integrating digital spatial data describing the watershed with standard hydrologic and hydraulic computer packages. The focus has been on two main topics: (1) determining flood peak discharges and hydrographs, and (2) floodplain mapping.
FAMILIAL VERSUS INSTITUTIONAL SOCIALIZATION OF THE YOUNG TRAFFIC OFFENDER (1970)

THE DRIVING RECORDS, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND POLICE CONTACTS OF 8094 MALE UNDERGRADUATES AT A LARGE STATE UNIVERSITY WERE ANALYZED AND EACH STUDENTS HISTORY OF TRAFFIC CONVICTIONS AND CRASHES WAS COMPARED WITH THAT OF HIS FATHER. THE POSITIVE CORRELATION FOUND BETWEEN FATHERS AND SONS CONVICTION INCIDENCE SUPPORTS THE HYPOTHESIS THAT DRIVING BEHAVIOR IS LEARNED MORE THROUGH FAMILIAL THAN THROUGH INSTITUTIONAL SOCIALIZATION AND THAT DELIQUENT FAMILIAL SOICALIZATION RESULTS IN DELINQUENT TRAFFIC BEHAVIOR. THIS IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY THE FINDINGS THAT THE STUDENT WITH NUMEROUS TRAFFIC CONVICTIONS IS DELINQUENT IN OTHER RESPECTS: (1) HIS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IS POORER THAN THAT OF HIS CONVICTION-FREE PEERS AND POORER THAN HIS OWN CAPABILITIES PERMIT AND (2) HE IS INVOLVED IN MORE NONVEHICULAR OFFENSES THAN THE STUDENT WITHOUT TRAFFIC CONVICTIONS. /AUTHOR/
Ca2+-channel blockers inhibit the action of recombinant platelet-derived growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells. (1989)

Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is mainly composed of two polypeptide chains (PDGF-AB). All three possible dimeric forms of PDGF--i.e., PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB--exist in nature. We have used two recombinant PDGF homodimers to determine the roles of each isoform in the activation of phosphatidylinositol turnover in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) isolated from rat thoracic aorta, their mitogenic effect on VSMC, and their vasoconstrictor effect on intact strips of aortic vascular tissue. Three Ca2+-channel blockers, nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem, were used as antagonists for investigating the PDGF-dependent changes mediated by the homodimers. PDGF-BB had a greater efficacy than PDGF-AA on inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate release, on the formation of diacylglycerol, and on Ca2+ mobilization, which was also associated with vasoconstrictor activity and effective mitogenicity. PDGF-AA, on the other hand, was more potent than PDGF-BB in stimulating protein kinase C. In all instances, the activation of the phosphatidylinositol turnover by the two homodimers was inhibited by the Ca2+-channel blockers.
Diastematomyelia: A Critical Review of the Natural History and Treatment (1984)

Twenty-eight children whose diastematomyelia had been diagnosed at Our Lady's Hospital, Crumlin, were reviewed with respect to presenting symptoms, treatment, and outcome. Two children suffered significant neurologic damage during prophylactic removal of their bone spurs. Three children underwent spinal correction under traction with their bony spurs in situ without suffering any neurologic sequelae. The morbidity and mortality of surgical removal of bone spurs was considered and the traditional approach to this condition questioned
[Isolation and culture of human pluripotent embryonic germ cells]. (2002)

To establish human pluripotent embryonic germ (EG) cell lines, human primordial germ cells (PGCs) of embryos aborted in 5-9 week were cultured on inactive mouse STO fibroblast feeder. The medium contained human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF), human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF) and forskolin. The EG cells could be passaged continuously until 12 generations. Most cells were positive in alkaline phosphatase staining and expressed cell surface antigen SSEA-3 and pluripotent marker Oct-4. These EG cell populations that retained normal karyotype could form embryoid body in culture and differentiate further into neuron-like cells, mucous epithelial cells, epithelial cells and other types of the cells spontaneously. These results indicated the cell clones derived from human PGCs resemble pluripotent EG cells from mouse PGCs in appearance or nature.
Attenuation and Dispersion of Seismic Waves in 3-D Randomly Inhomogeneous, Porous Rocks (2004)

H033 ATTENUATION AND DISPERSION OF SEISMIC WAVES IN 3-D RANDOMLY INHOMOGENEOUS POROUS ROCKS Summary T.M. MÜLLER and B. GUREVICH Curtin University Dept. of Exploration Geophysics GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia A major cause of intrinsic wave attenuation in porous fluid-saturated structures with micro- and mesoscopic heterogeneities is the mechanism of wave-induced fluid flow. Whereas in stratified media this effect has been studied in detail for random and periodic arrangements of the heterogeneities in 3-D space the models of frequency-dependent attenuation and dispersion are based on the assumption of spatial periodicity. We develop a model for 3-D randomly inhomogeneous
Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitizing effects of the mutations at Ile-79 and Arg-92 of troponin T in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1998)

Several mutations in human cardiac troponin T (TnT) gene have been reported to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). To explore the effects of the mutations on cardiac muscle contractile function under physiological conditions, human cardiac TnT mutants, Ile79Asn and Arg92Gln, as well as wild type, were expressed in Escherichia coli and exchanged into permeabilized rabbit cardiac muscle fibers, and Ca2+-activated force was determined. The free Ca2+ concentrations required for tension generation were found to be significantly lower in the mutant TnT-exchanged fibers than in the wild-type TnT-exchanged fibers, whereas no significant differences were found in tension-generating capability under maximal activating conditions and in cooperativity. These results suggest that a heightened Ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac muscle contraction is one of the factors to cause HCM associated with these TnT mutations.
A Combinatorial Approach for Classification of Patterns with Missing Information and Random Orientation (1986)

A maximum likelihood approach is developed for a pattern recognition problem where the patterns are described by configurations of simple easily recognized parts called primitives. The approach is capable of dealing with three types of noise: measurement noise in the location and shape of observed primitives, undetected or missing primitives (leakage), and the unexpected appearance of extra primitives (false alarms). The approach is called combinatorial because the likelihood function dictates that observed primitives must be assigned to known primitives in all possible combinations. Due to the complexity of the likelihood function, practical classifiers must be based on likelihood function approximations. Several are proposed, and most of these are simple enough to be used in a gradient search strategy for recognizing distorted patterns with random orientations. Examples are included to show the characteristics of combinatorial classifier performance.
gamma-Glutamyl cyclotransferase from rat kidney. Sulfhydryl groups and isolation of a stable form of the enzyme. (1978)

gamma-Glutamyl cyclotransferase, highly purified from rat kidney, contains several readily accessible sulfhydryl groups whose modification appears to be associated with the appearance of multiple enzyme forms as determined by isoelectric focusing and ion exchange chromatography. The enzyme was obtained in a 1000-fold purified and apparently homogeneous form by a procedures involving treatment with dithiothreitol followed by chromatography on thiol-Sepharose. The enzyme was also isolated in a highly active, apparently homogeneous, and stable form after reduction and treatment with iodoacetamide. The amino acid compositions and other properties of the two forms of the enzyme were very similar. Studies on the activity of the enzyme toward a variety of gamma-glutamyl amino acids and di-gamma-glutamyl amino acids showed that the enzyme is much more active toward certain di-gamma-glutamyl amino acids than toward the corresponding gamma-glutamyl amino acids; thus, the preferred substrates have the general structure gamma-Glu-gamma-Glu-NH-R in which the nature of the R moiety has relatively little effect on activity.
Calorimetric,<sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance, and molecular orbital studies of hydrogen bonding between peroxy acids and oxygen bases. Implications for mono-oxygen donation potential of peroxy acids (1986)

The enthalpies of formation of hydrogen-bonded complexes between peroxybenzoic acids and various oxygen bases, ΔH°, were obtained by calorimetry. The 1H n.m.r. shifts of the OOH absorptions, under conditions of complete peroxy acid complexation, were measured. ΔH° and ‘hydrogen-bond shifts’, ΔδOOH =δOOH(base)–δOOH(CCl4), were found to be sensitive to the acidity of the peroxy acid as well as the basicity of the oxygen base. A satisfactory linear correlation between ΔH° and ΔδOOH, expressed by the equation –ΔH°(kJ mol–1)=(7.59 ± 0.92)ΔδOOH +(7.35 ± 1.61), was found. Ab initio MO SCF calculations (STO-4G, 4–31 G*) were carried out for the peroxyformic acid–dimethyl ether complex and peroxyformate ion. The peroxy acid isotope effect for epoxidation of cyclohexene with 4-t-butylperoxybenzoic acid (OH/OD) in NN-dimethylacetamide (kH/kD1.09), together with the results of kinetic studies in other oxygen bases as solvents, suggest that oxygen base is most probably a part of an ‘early’, loose charge-transfer-type transition state for these reactions (‘direct attack mechanism’), and that reduced reactivity of peroxy acids in basic solvents most probably reflects lowered electrophilicity of the peroxy acid due to the forcing of the enlarged negative charge on the terminal oxygen atom after complexation.
Height and Gradient from Shading (1989)

The method described here for recovering the shape of a surface from a shaded image can deal with complex, wrinkled surfaces. Integrability can be enforced easily because both surface height and gradient are represented. The robustness of the method stems in part from linearization of the reflectance map about the current estimate of the surface orientation at each picture cell. The new scheme can find an exact solution of a given shape-from-shading problem even though a regularizing term is included. This is a reflection of the fact that shape-from-shading problems are {\it not} ill-posed when boundary conditions are available or when the image contains singular points.
Isolation of Notoamide E, a Key Precursor in the Biosynthesis of Prenylated Indole Alkaloids in a Marine-Derived Fungus, <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. (2009)

Notoamide E was identified to be a short-lived precursor in the biosynthesis of prenylated indole alkaloids in the mussel-derived Aspergillus sp. In addition, the feeding experiment of the (13)C-labeled notoamide E afforded structurally novel metabolites.
Layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as cellular delivery vectors of supercoiled plasmid DNA. (2007)

We prepared stable homogeneous suspensions with layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles for in vitro gene delivery tests. The viability of HEK 293T cells in the presence of LDH nanoparticles at different concentrations was investigated. This revealed 50% cell viability at 500 microg/mL of LDH nanoparticles that is much higher than 50-100 microg/mL used for the delivery tests. The supercoiled pEF-eGFP plasmid (ca. 6100 base pairs) was mixed with LDH nanoparticle suspensions for anion exchange at a weight ratio of DNA/LDH between 1:25 and 1:100. In vitro experiments show that GFP expression in HEK 293T cells starts in the first day, reaches the maximum levels by the second day and continues in the third day. The GFP expression generally increases with the increase in DNA loading in DNA-LDH nanohybrids. However, the delivery efficiency with LDH nanoparticles as the agent is low. For example, the relative efficiency is 7%-15% of that of the commercial agent FuGENE 6. Three to 6% of total cells expressed GFP in an amount detectable by the FACS cytometry 2 days after transfection at 1 microg/mL of plasmid DNA with 25 microg/mL of LDH nanomaterial. The lower delivery efficiency could be attributed to the aggregation of LDH nanoparticles caused by the long-chain plasmid DNA.
Temperature-Driven Mixing-Demixing Behavior of Binary Mixtures of the Ionic Liquid Choline Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and Water (2009)

The ionic liquid (2-hydroxyethylammonium)trimethylammonium) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (choline bistriflimide) was obtained as a supercooled liquid at room temperature (melting point=30 degrees C). Crystals of choline bistriflimide suitable for structure determination were grown from the melt in situ on the X-ray diffractometer. The choline cation adopts a folded conformation, whereas the bistriflimide anion exhibits a transoid conformation. The choline cation and the bistriflimide anion are held together by hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl proton and a sulfonyl oxygen atom. This hydrogen bonding is of importance for the temperature-dependent solubility properties of the ionic liquid. Choline bistriflimide is not miscible with water at room temperature, but forms one phase with water at temperatures above 72 degrees C (equals upper critical solution temperature). 1H NMR studies show that the hydrogen bonds between the choline cation and the bistriflimide anion are substantially weakened above this temperature. The thermophysical properties of water-choline bistriflimide binary mixtures were furthermore studied by a photopyroelectric technique and by adiabatic scanning calorimetry (ASC). By photothermal analysis, besides highly accurate values for the thermal conductivity and effusivity of choline bistriflimide at 30 degrees C, the detailed temperature dependence of both the thermal conductivity and effusivity of the upper and lower part of a critical water-choline bistriflimide mixture in the neighborhood of the mixing-demixing phase transition could be determined with high resolution and accuracy. Together with high resolution ASC data for the heat capacity, experimental values were obtained for the critical exponents alpha and beta, and for the critical amplitude ratio G+/G-. These three values were found to be consistent with theoretical expectations for a three dimensional Ising-type of critical behavior of binary liquid mixtures.
Miss Rate Prediction Across Program Inputs and Cache Configurations (2007)

Improving cache performance requires understanding cache behavior. However, measuring cache performance for one or two data input sets provides little insight into how cache behavior varies across all data input sets and all cache configurations. This paper uses locality analysis to generate a parameterized model of program cache behavior. Given a cache size and associativity, this model predicts the miss rate for arbitrary data input set sizes. This model also identifies critical data input sizes where cache behavior exhibits marked changes. Experiments show this technique is within 2 percent of the hit rate for set associative caches on a set of floating-point and integer programs using array and pointer-based data structures. Building on the new model, this paper presents an interactive visualization tool that uses a three-dimensional plot to show miss rate changes across program data sizes and cache sizes and its use in evaluating compiler transformations. Other uses of this visualization tool include assisting machine and benchmark-set design. The tool can be accessed on the Web at http://www.cs.rochester.edu/research/locality
Videotape Recording: Digital Component versus Digital Composite Recording (1982)

Digital composite signals for NTSC and PAL and a single digital component signal are described. User data rates and channel coded rates for a digital videotape recorder are developed for the three types of signals. Methods of error correction for the types of signals are shown and performance results are compared. Continuous standard signals for stop-motion and slow-motion operation of the tape transport are derived and the anticipated performance results are compared.