gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Functional Allele of a Human Interferon-α Gene Previously Characterized as a Pseudogene (1989)

Three recombinant phage lambda L47 clones containing 4 alpha interferon (IFN) genes have been isolated from a newly constructed human genomic library. Each gene is an allele of a previously described IFN gene, three being only minor variants. The fourth gene SMTIII.1A is a functional allele of the psi LeIF-L gene which previously has been described only as a pseudogene. Therefore, it appears likely that other variant alleles may remain to be described and that the IFN system may be able to tolerate some degeneracy as a consequence of the large number of members of the family.
Nanotomography (2000)

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) can be expanded to volume imaging. As an example, the core of a dislocation within the three-dimensional (3D) spatial microdomain structure of poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) was imaged with approximately 10 nm resolution. The specimen was eroded step by step and its chemical composition in layers beneath the original surface was imaged with SPM. Similar to computed tomography, the 3D distribution of polystyrene and polybutadiene was reconstructed from a series of images. This approach might provide a simple means for real-space volume imaging with nanometer and even atomic resolution of various materials and physical properties.
A new inductive proximity sensor as a guiding tool for removing metal shrapnel during surgery (2013)

In this paper, an inductive proximity sensor with a longer range when compared to its diameter is presented. This sensor is intended to guide doctors, while performing surgery to remove metal shrapnel from victims of bomb blasts, gun fire, land mines etc. Presently doctors rely on imaging systems to locate shrapnel in the victim's body before surgery. Effectiveness of surgery and recovery solely depends on the doctors' skill to trace the shrapnel. In some cases the shrapnel may be visible in the images, but it may be untraceable during surgery. So in such cases, an inductive proximity sensor which is small enough to be introduced into the victim's body and can direct the recovery tool effectively to the exact location of the shrapnel, during the surgery, will be very useful to the doctor. Such a sensor, along with its details and experimental results are presented in this paper. This sensor works on a new comparison based method to detect tiny targets, as the detector size is a constraint here. The sensor can detect shrapnel materials such as steel, brass and Aluminium. A smaller, modified version of this sensor is also presented in the paper, along with a study of the effect of body tissues on sensor performance.
394. Metal complexes and partition equilibria (1949)

H. Irving and R. J. P. Williams, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 1841 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490001841
Erectile Aid Use by Men Treated for Localized Prostate Cancer (2009)

After treatment for localized prostate cancer more than half of men use erectile aids, especially when they are significantly bothered by dysfunction. This is most pronounced after radical prostatectomy and in men with significant comorbidity.
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES OF GLOBIN MESSENGER RNA (1976)

Iminopyrrole, aminopyrrole, and aminophosphine ligands were complexed with various chromium sources, producing eight complexes that were tested for their catalytic behavior toward epoxide–CO2 copolymerization. As elucidated by MALDI-TOF-MS, copolymerizations afforded polycarbonates and poly(ether-carbonates) exhibiting linear or cyclic topologies.
<scp>l</scp>-Cysteine-Assisted Synthesis and Optical Properties of Ag<sub>2</sub>S Nanospheres (2008)

Ag2S nanospheres were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction using l-cysteine as the sulfur source and chelating reagent. The X-ray diffraction patterns and X-ray photoelectron spectra confirmed that the products were monoclinic α-Ag2S. The optical absorption spectra of the Ag2S nanospheres showed very broad absorption peaks centered at about 515 nm in wavelength. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited emission peaks centered at ∼637 nm in wavelength accompanied by weaker shoulder peaks at ∼590 nm in wavelength when the sample was excited with a wavelength of 490 nm. In addition, the formation mechanism of the Ag2S nanospheres was also determined. The l-cysteine-assisted hydrothermal route using l-cysteine as the sulfur source and chelating reagent provides an alternative approach to generate sulfide nanocrystals.
Hemagglutinins (lectins) in fruit bodies of Japanese higher fungi (2000)

Extracts from fruit bodies of 110 species of Japanese fungi were examined with trypsinized human and rabbit erythrocytes. More than 80% of the extracts showed the hemagglutination activities, a higher proportion than reported previously. Over half of species that had been reported to be inactive exhibited hemagglutination. Among them, some extracts showed human blood group specific-hemagglutination; A-specific, Panellus serotinus, Psathyrella piluliformis, Cantharellus cibarius and Stropharia rugosoannulata; B-, O-specific, Gyroporus castaneus and Panellus stypticus; and Ospecific, Linderia bicolumnata and Phallus impudicus. Twenty-one species were reactive toward only rabbit erythrocytes. Several species exhibited very high hemagglutination activity. The results suggested that some of these Japanese fungi would be promising sources of lectins.
Experimental antitumor activity and preclinical toxicology of mycophenolic acid. (1972)

Summary Mycophenolic acid completely inhibited the growth of the Mecca lymphosarcoma and of the solid and ascites forms of Walker carcinosarcoma 256. The Gardner lymphosarcoma, C3H mammary carcinoma, adenocarcinoma 755, Ridgeway osteogenic sarcoma, X5563 plasma cell myeloma, and the Shionogi androgen-dependent mammary carcinoma 115 showed moderate response to mycophenolic acid. The L1210, C1498, and other murine leukemias and ascites were not inhibited. Mycophenolic acid or its monosodium salt was active against the Mecca lymphosarcoma when administered via the p.o., i.m., or i.p. route. The sodium salt was active when given i.v. A few phenolic ester and carbamate derivatives of mycophenolic acid inhibited the growth of the lymphosarcoma. When mycophenolic acid was administered i.p. or p.o. to mice bearing well-developed Mecca or Gardner lymphosarcomas, these tumors regressed. The combination of mycophenolic acid with either radiation or cyclophosphamide showed a synergistic antitumor response against experimental lymphosarcomas.
An Active Energy balancing System for Lithium-Ion Battery Pack (2013)

In this paper, a cell balancing circuit for the Lithium-ion battery pack based on the Flyback topology is proposed. Balancing the lithium-ion battery pack is often employed to improve the energy utilization and lifetime of the battery. The proposed circuit uses the minimized power path to simplify the circuit and optimize the balancing efficiency. This paper shows the details of the balancing circuit structure and working principle, introduce the design of the balancing transformer and its theoretical analysis. Finally, experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.
Influence of Fly Ash on the Sulfate Resistance of Concrete (1993)

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DEVis: A tool for visualizing software document evolution (2013)

During the software development process many technical documents are produced. Such documents and their evolution history contain rich information about the development process. Analyzing these document changes may reveal regularities and anomalies which are helpful to understand the software system and its development process. In this paper, we propose DEVis, an interactive visualization tool to visualize the software documentation evolution and aid the tasks of analyzing software development process. We initially evaluated our tool using the knowledge task-based framework and discuss the challenging aspects and lessons learned during the development of DEVis.
N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Cyclotrimerization of Isocyanates (2004)

[reaction: see text] A series of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) were evaluated as potential catalysts for the cyclotrimerization of isocyanates to afford isocyanurates. 1,3-Bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene (SIPr) was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the cyclotrimerization of a variety of isocyanates.
Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 2 Encodes a Membrane Phosphoprotein That Is Dispensable for Viral Replication and for Establishment of Latency (2002)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encodes six genes that do not have homologs in herpes simplex virus. One of these genes, VZV open reading frame 2 (ORF2), was expressed as a 31-kDa phosphoprotein in the membranes of infected cells. Unlike equine and bovine herpesvirus type 1 ORF2 homologs that are associated with virions, VZV virions contained no detectable ORF2 protein. The ORF2 deletion mutant established a latent infection in cotton rats at a frequency and with a number of VZV genomes similar to that of the parental virus. ORF63 transcripts, a hallmark of latent infection, were present in ganglia latently infected with both the ORF2 deletion mutant and parental VZV. Thus, ORF2 is the first VZV gene shown to be dispensable for establishment of latent infection in an animal model.
A layered approach to wearable textile networks (2003)

The integration of digital components into clothing is becoming an increasingly important segment in wearable computing research. The first indications for this trend are the incorporation of existing mobile technologies, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) or mobile phones, into jackets via flexible textile circuits. In the long term, other components could also be envisioned that are embedded in apparel, using a flexible bus-type network that links all the devices together. This paper introduces a functioning prototype of such a flexible network that not only allows communication between wearable components, but is also able to supply power to them. We propose an arrangement of layered textiles as opposed to the more traditional routed circuitry layout, which results in a novel approach towards the concept of a flexible clothing network.
Eigen-based Doppler estimation for differentially coherent CPM (1994)

Eigen-based methods are developed for obtaining fast and accurate Doppler estimates in both land-mobile satellite and urban microcellular applications. By showing that the correlations of a set of differentially processed CPM signals have the same form as the autocorrelations of a complex exponential in noise, eigen-based spectral estimation techniques are used to provide improved Doppler estimates in noise. The eigen-based Doppler estimators are shown to have significantly less variance and mean square error than previously proposed Doppler estimators that use only simple averaging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Migration and Transformation of Vanadium and Nickel in High Sulfur Petroleum Coke during Gasification Processes (2018)

The volatilization characteristics and occurrence forms of V and Ni in petroleum coke (petcoke) were investigated during steam (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification on a fixed bed reactor at 800–1100 °C. The Tessier sequential chemical extraction procedure was employed to determine the different forms of V and Ni. The results showed their volatilities were not dependent on the gasification atmosphere, but rather relied mainly on the reaction temperature. The CO2 atmosphere accelerated the conversion of organic-bound nickel to residual form at low temperature and promoted Fe-Mn oxides formation at high temperature. However, the H2O atmosphere was conducive to form vanadium bound to Fe-Mn oxides and promoted the decomposition of residual forms. In addition, the thermodynamic equilibrium calculations showed the volatilization of Ni mainly released Ni3S2 between 800–1100 °C. The H2O atmosphere was favorable to generate the more stable NixSy compound, thereby suppressing the volatilization of Ni, while the presence of CO2 led to an increase in residual V and decrease of Fe-Mn oxides. The V and Ni mainly caused erosion problems under the CO2 atmosphere while the fouling and slagging obviously increased under the H2O atmosphere with impacts gradually weakened with the increase of temperature.
Aliphatic Difluorides (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAliphatic DifluoridesAlbert L. Henne, Mary W. Renoll, and Henry M. LeicesterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 4, 938–940Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01873a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01873a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of Transcriptional Activation by NtrC (2014)

In the case of nitrogen regulatory protein C (NtrC), both nucleotide hydrolysis and transcriptional activation depend on phosphorylation of an aspartate residue in the N-terminal receiver domain of the protein (also called its regulatory domain). In this chapter, the authors review the evidence that the NtrC protein from enteric bacteria, which is a dimer in solution, must form an appropriate oligomer to hydrolyze nucleotide and activate transcription. Because phosphorylation of the N-terminal receiver domain of NtrC is known to increase oligomerization, effects of phosphorylation on NtrC function may be a consequence of effects on oligomerization. Recent evidence from the laboratory indicates that oligomerization determinants of NtrC are located in its central activation domain. Studies of NtrC function have been facilitated by the use of two sorts of tools: mutant forms of NtrC and derivatives of the glnA enhancer. NtrC must be phosphorylated in its receiver domain to hydrolyze ATP and activate transcription. Phosphorylation stimulates the oligomerization of NtrC, and oligomerization is, in turn, required for ATP hydrolysis and transcriptional activation. Because the phosphorylated receiver domain of NtrC functions positively, it is presumably needed for appropriate oligomerization: removing this domain by proteolysis or genetic engineering does not substitute for phosphorylation. However, the unphosphorylated protein is essentially incapable of ATP hydrolysis or transcriptional activation, even when bound to the enhancer.
Faster-Than-Nyquist Signaling For Next Generation Communication Architectures (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lisbon, Portugal, 2014
A variable temperature cryostat for the thermoluminescence studies (1971)

A simple and inexpensive variable-temperature liquid-nitrogen cryostat is described which has been in operation for sample temperature control in the studies on post-irradiation thermoluminescence of biomolecules in the range 77 K to room temperature. Arrangements are incorporated to raise the temperature of the sample chamber from 77 K at a desired rate by varying the electrical input to the sample heater. The sample holder can also be stabilized at any temperature between 77 K and room temperature in a short time and maintained at that temperature over long periods of time. Although of simple construction the cryostat is economical of liquid nitrogen and has been found to have many advantages for thermoluminescence investigations.
36.3: Flat‐Panel Coherent Backlight for Holographic Displays with Improved Diffraction Efficiency (2015)

Coherent backlight is an important component in holographic 3D displays. In this paper, a novel coherent backlight featuring a compact design is presented. The feasibility of this structure is experimentally verified by reconstructing 3D images with a spatial light modulator. The diffraction efficiency of the system is ~4.3%.
Discovery, X-ray Crystallography and Antiviral Activity of Allosteric Inhibitors of Flavivirus NS2B-NS3 Protease (2019)

Flaviviruses, including dengue, West Nile and recently emerged Zika virus, are important human pathogens, but there are no drugs to prevent or treat these viral infections. The highly conserved Flavivirus NS2B-NS3 protease is essential for viral replication and therefore a drug target. Compound screening followed by medicinal chemistry yielded a series of drug-like, broadly active inhibitors of Flavivirus proteases with IC<sub>50</sub> as low as 120 nM. The inhibitor exhibited significant antiviral activities in cells (EC<sub>68</sub>: 300-600 nM) and in a mouse model of Zika virus infection. X-ray studies reveal that the inhibitors bind to an allosteric, mostly hydrophobic pocket of dengue NS3 and hold the protease in an open, catalytically inactive conformation. The inhibitors and their binding structures would be useful for rational drug development targeting Zika, dengue and other Flaviviruses.
New-media document (NewDoc) and dynamic navigation on the BTRON specification (2003)

The authors discuss how to handle multimedia documents including video data. The multimedia document is called NewDoc, which stands for new-media document. Two important features are discussed. One is the handling of the video data. The other is the navigation method, which can be applied to the video data, whose contents vary with time. This navigation method is called dynamic navigation. For editing the NewDoc, NewDE (New-media document editor) has been designed. NewDE has been implemented on the BTRON specification operating system with the video manager, which is part of the external kernel and is able to handle the video data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calibration of Well Logs With Mini-Frac Data for Estimating the Minimum Horizontal Stress in the Tight-Gas Monteith Formation of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: A Case Study (2015)

Summary The determination of the minimum horizontal (in-situ) stress (MHS) is one of the most-important aspects in the characterization of geomechanical behavior of petroleum reservoirs because a good knowledge of such stress is critical in many activities of practical importance, including design of hydraulic-fracturing treatments and estimation of the distribution of MHS for reservoir-simulation purposes. The main objective of the study is to calibrate well logs with available mini-frac data for estimating the MHS in the tight-gas Monteith formation, Nikanassin Group of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. For deep formations such as Monteith, the minimum stress is generally horizontal. Thus, the focus of this research is the MHS of the Monteith formation. First, actual values of the MHS at different well locations are acquired from the analysis of surface-pressure data during mini-frac treatments. Next, the estimates calculated from an existing correlation and from actual mini-frac data are matched for calibration purposes. Finally, vertical and horizontal Biot's constant values are determined to generate a correlation applicable to the Monteith formation. Vertical Biot's constant ranging between 0.1 and 0.45 is obtained in this study, whereas horizontal Biot's constant is found to vary from 0.94 to 1.0. Three vertical wells located in the same township with available compressional and shear sonic logs and mini-frac data are selected for this work. The Monteith was hydraulically fractured in these wells in isolation. This aspect is important because there are many commingled completions in the area from which selective Monteith data are not available. Five additional wells in the same general area are selected to assist in the analysis. It is concluded that assuming vertical and horizontal Biot's constants equal to 1.0 is not appropriate for the Monteith formation in the study area. The procedure presented in this paper, which uses real data, is robust and has the potential to help in obtaining more-reliable geomechanical values in other tight formations around the world.
Q-Morph: an indirect approach to advancing front quad meshing (1999)

Q-Morph is a new algorithm for generating all-quadrilateral meshes on bounded three-dimensional surfaces. After first triangulating the surface, the triangles are systematically transformed to create an all-quadrilateral mesh. An advancing front algorithm determines the sequence of triangle transformations. Quadrilaterals are formed by using existing edges in the triangulation, by inserting additional nodes, or by performing local transformations to the triangles. A method typically used for recovering the boundary of a Delaunay mesh is used on interior triangles to recover quadrilateral edges. Any number of triangles may be merged to form a single quadrilateral. Topological clean-up and smoothing are used to improve final element quality. Q-Morph generates well-aligned rows of quadrilaterals parallel to the boundary of the domain while maintaining a limited number of irregular internal nodes. The proposed method also offers the advantage of avoiding expensive intersection calculations commonly associated with advancing front procedures. A series of examples of Q-Morph meshes are also presented to demonstrate the versatility of the proposed method. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism of Molting in the Hen (1957)

MOLTING is associated with low laying activity or complete cessation of ovulation, a fact of both endocrinological and economical interest. It is well known that the administration of thyroid substance induces molting in any season of the year in domestic fowl (Torrey and Horning, 1922; Zavadovsky, 1925; Cole and Hutt, 1928; Van der Meulen, 1939; and others). Some investigators reported that histological examination revealed an activation of thyroidal function during molting in several species of birds, e.g. in the pigeon (Elterich, 1936), and in the canary (Takewaki and Mori, 1944). So the assumption has generally been accepted that annual molt is caused by increased thyroid activity of the birds. Sulman and Perek (1947) showed, however, that thiouracil feeding precipitated molting in the hen. Recently Shaffner (1954 Recently Shaffner (1955) and Adams (1955) reported that the administration of a large amount of progesterone induced molting outside the normal molting season. These findings throw . . .