gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decision Advisor® - A Knowledge-Based Decision System (2000)

Decision Advisor® is a sophisticated knowledge-based intelligent decision (IDS) that supports decision analysis and financial modeling of complex decisions.i¾ i¾ Decision Advisor partially automates deterministic and probabilistic analyses by coaching users through a structured analysis.i¾ i¾ Designed for strategic RD decisions, the system also supports capital allocation, development, and business decisions outside the realm of R&D.
Development of global vision system for biological automatic micro-manipulation system (2002)

An automatic micro manipulation system, which aims at various kinds of operations in the field of bio-engineering has been developed. Visual servo control is usually employed to improve the performance of the system. However, the great amount of computation that is required in image processing hinders the formation of a closed-loop control system with visual servo. In this paper, efforts are made to improve the performance of the vision system in two aspects: algorithm design and hardware implementation. Methods of correlation based pattern matching and morphological operation based image processing technique are used to implement the fast visual information abstraction, thus forming a real-time visual servo control system. The system performance and the result of an experiment on gene injection are given.
WDM Ethernet PON based on downstream narrow-FSK modulation (2006)

We propose and test experimentally a GbE PON architecture based on downstream narrow-FSK modulation, obtained by direct modulation of a DFB laser and upstream transmission achieved by intensity modulation of the FSK signal within a colorless user terminal.
Parallel Reinsertion for Bounding Volume Hierarchy Optimization (2018)

Abstract We present a novel highly parallel method for optimizing bounding volume hierarchies (BVH) targeting contemporary GPU architectures. The core of our method is based on the insertion‐based BVH optimization that is known to achieve excellent results in terms of the SAH cost. The original algorithm is, however, inherently sequential: no efficient parallel version of the method exists, which limits its practical utility. We reformulate the algorithm while exploiting the observation that there is no need to remove the nodes from the BVH prior to finding their optimized positions in the tree. We can search for the optimized positions for all nodes in parallel while simultaneously tracking the corresponding SAH cost reduction. We update in parallel all nodes for which better position was found while efficiently handling potential conflicts during these updates. We implemented our algorithm in CUDA and evaluated the resulting BVH in the context of the GPU ray tracing. The results indicate that the method is able to achieve the best ray traversal performance among the state of the art GPU‐based BVH construction methods.
Practical and efficient open-loop rate/link adaptation algorithm for high-speed IEEE 802.11n WLANs (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new open-loop rate/link adaptation algorithm (ARFHT) for the emerging high-speed IEEE 802.11n WLANs. ARFHT extends the legacy rate adaptation algorithms for SISO WLANs to make it applicable in the context of MIMO-based 802.11n WLANs. It adapts the MIMO mode in terms of spatial multiplexing and spatial diversity, the two fundamental characteristics of the 802.11n MIMO PHY. It also modifies the link estimation and probing behavior of legacy SISO algorithms. The combined adaptation to the appropriate MIMO mode as well as the appropriate modulation coding scheme selection achieves high channel utilization. In this paper, we provide the intuition and the design details of the ARFHT algorithm. A comprehensive simulation study using ns-2 will demonstrate that ARFHT achieves excellent throughput performance in most scenarios and is highly responsive to varying link conditions, with minimum overhead.
Monoclonal antibody purging and autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute myelogenous leukemia in complete remission. (1989)

A mouse monoclonal antibody (S4-7) reacting with human myelomonocytic cells has been previously shown to be suitable for bone marrow purging in selected acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients with S4-7 positive leukemic clonogenic cells at diagnosis. The results obtained in seven AML patients who underwent such a treatment, followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT), are now reported. Six patients underwent ABMT in first complete remission (CR), one in second CR, after BAVC conditioning regimen. One patient died of infection 1 month after ABMT; in the other six a complete recovery of hemopoiesis was observed. In spite of S4-7 reactivity with normal myelomonocytic cells, a prompt recovery of granulopoiesis was however observed both in in vitro liquid culture and in vivo with a median time of 20 days to reach granulocyte values of 500 x 10(6)/l. The patient transplanted in 2nd CR relapsed 3 months after ABMT. Of the five evaluable patients transplanted in 1st CR, two relapsed 8 and 9 months post-ABMT while three remain in continuous CR at 35, 47, 57 months. Leukemic cells of two of the three patients with recurrent disease were studied at relapse and in both could be detected a significant percentage of S4-7 negative cells, detectable neither at diagnosis nor (one patient) at the time of first relapse after standard chemotherapy.
Dipole moments of methyl- and trifluoromethyl-substituted methyl benzoates (1975)

Apparent dipole moments in benzene of 1,3-bistrifluoromethylbenzene and of the methyl esters of 2,4-dimethyl-,2,5-dimethyl-, 3,5-dimethyl-, 2,4-bistrifluoromethyl-, 2,5-bistrifluoromethyl-, 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-, and 3-trifluoromethyl- benzoic acid have been determined. The values obtained can be explained either by rotation of the ester group out of the plane of the ring or, in the case of the 3-, and 2,4-substituted esters, by the existence of cis- and trans-isomers.
Alkylation of DNA by the Anthracycline, Antitumor Drugs Adriamycin and Daunomycin (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUELetterNEXTAlkylation of DNA by the Anthracycline, Antitumor Drugs Adriamycin and DaunomycinDylan J. Taatjes, Giorgio Gaudiano, Katheryn Resing, and Tad H. KochView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Istituto di Medicina Sperimentale, CNR, Viale Marx, 15-43, 00137 Rome, Italy Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 21, 4135–4138Publication Date (Web):October 11, 1996Publication History Received18 July 1996Published online11 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm960519zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm960519zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views857Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Adducts,Aldehydes,Carbene compounds,Chemical reactions,Genetics Get e-Alerts
In vitro sensitivity assays in cancer: A review, analysis, and prognosis (1991)

Tumors are complex systems consisting of heterogeneous cancer cells as well as normal cells with each exhibiting unique drug sensitivity spectra. There have been many attempts to design in vitro systems to determine drug response to tumors. The most widely used system is the clonogenic assay. which has demonstrated some clinical predictivity. However, the clonogenic assay has been shown to have negative aspects, including low frequency of evaluation, clump artifacts, lack of cytotoxic end-points and disruption of normal cell-cell interactions existing in a true tissue environment. Newer models are described utilizing cytotoxic as well as cell-proliferation end-points, and maintenance of three-dimensional tissue architecture in vitro. It is concluded that less artifactual, more realistic models can be used to select more tumor-specific drugs which themselves in turn will make in vitro chemosensitivity assays more useful for cancer patients.
Measurement of bone mineral using multiple-energy x-ray absorptiometry (1998)

Our laboratory has previously reported a method of determining the amount of bone mineral using triple-energy absorptiometry with a continuous x-ray spectrum. In the present study, the experimental properties of the technique were examined. The accuracy, the influence of fat content and body thickness and the in vitro and in vivo precision were analysed. The results found in this investigation showed that despite the complexity of the technique, the amount of bone mineral can be accurately determined. The in vivo precision was determined to be 3.4%, expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV), for different skeletal parts. The in vitro precision was found to be 2.1% (CV). Neither the fat content nor the body thickness had any effect on the measured bone mineral values. Excellent linearity and a close correlation were found between the true and the measured bone mineral values.
[Modulation of endotoxin-induced respiratory splash of granulocytes and monocytes in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever by iodine-lithium-alpha-dextrin and sodium thiosulfate]. (2006)

The effect of an endotoxin--E. coli liposaccharide (LPS) of serotype 026:B6--on the respiratory splash (RS) of neutrophils and monocytes in peripheral blood of patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) was studied. It is shown that FMF patients have a periodic increase (during an attack) and a decrease (in the period of remission) in endotoxin-induced RS of neutrophils and monocytes. LPS stimulates chemotoxis-induced RS of neutrophils and monocytes in patients both in the period of remission and during the attack equally effectively. Iodine-lithium-alpha-dextrin and sodium thiosulfate have a marked anti-endotoxic effect which manifests with quick neutralization of endotoxin activity on RS of monocytes and neutrophils in FMF patients both during the attack and remission.
Rapid, small-scale RNA isolation from tissue culture cells. (1991)

A rapid and simple protocol for the isolation of RNA from transfected tissue culture cells is described. The protocol employs a guanidinium thiocyanate/phenol mixture to lyse cells directly from tissue culture plates and extract the total RNA. A total of six simple steps, which can be accomplished within 2.5 hours, are required. The protocol reproducibly yields 20-40 micrograms RNA from 0.5 x 10(6) - 1 x 10(6) cells per sample. The quality of the RNA obtained is sufficient for reverse transcriptase assays such as oligonucleotide-directed primer extension and random-primed cDNA synthesis.
科学の生産性とその階層化過程 : 「マタイ効果」の基礎理論 (1982)

This paper reports that the distribution of productivity of 124 university chemists in Japan shows the best fittness to a negative binomial distribution, and then considers the reasons for and the sociological implications of the results. Since the inverse square law of A. J. Lotka (1926), several mathematical models on the distribution of productivity have been proposed by Williams (1944), Simon (1955), Shockley (1957), Price (1963, 1976), Allison (1976) and Rao (1980) et al. The characteristics of these models were examined in comparative perspective. The negative binominal distribution showed the best fittness to our data among these models. This result proposes the hypotheses — reinforcement in the process of research activity and heterogeneity among each scientist. It is difficult, however, to judge which hypothesis is more appropriate, mainly because both models correlate with each other. Heterogeneity of the ability and the socialization process of each scientist causes an inequality of productivity among them. And this inequality reallocates the productive scientists to research oriented-universities and strengthens their motivation to the further research on the one hand, and weakens the motivation of less productive scientists. This process increases the differences of productivity among scientists. However these difficulties were solved by the two findings in that (i) the distribution of the productivity in the subsample of full professors in graduate schools with doctoral programs (N = 39) shows a good fittness to the negative binomial distribution, and (ii) the coefficient of variation of productivity increases as the age of scientists increases. From these two facts, we can accept the reinforcement hypothesis at least. This implies that the more the scientist publishes, the more the probability to publish later increases, while the less he publishes, the more the probability decreases. This hypothesis has a significant meaning for the theory of sociology of science, because "reinforcement model" describe the Merton's Matthew Effect on the mathematical level. Our result also confirms the empirical validity and international universality of the Mertonian theory of sociology of science.
DFB laser with 95 mW output at 1.55 /spl mu/m (1996)

Summary form only given. Single-frequency light sources providing output high output powers at 1.55 /spl mu/m are key components of long-distance supertrunk fiber transmission links. In this report, we describe distributed feedback lasers that simultaneously provide high output powers, good quantum efficiencies, low thresholds, low noise, and operate over a wide temperature range.
Cerebrospinal fluid transients induced by hypercapnia (1983)

Ventriculocisternal perfusion studies using tracers have shown that hypercapnia causes a transient increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow rate (displaced CSF volume, Vd) and a decrease in CSF effluent tracer concentration (tracer-free CSF, CSFtf). This dilution could be due to an increase in CSF formation rate (Vf) and/or to displacement of unequilibrated CSFtf sequestered in poorly mixed compartments. To facilitate convection in the subarachnoid spaces, we used a "stop-flow" procedure (by clamping the cisternal outflow tube while infusion was constant) in anesthetized cats during ventriculocisternal perfusion with mock CSF containing [14C]dextran. Each animal spontaneously breathed air, then 5% CO2 both before and after stopflow. Although Vd and the times over which Vd and CSFtf were defined were unaffected, CSFtf was decreased by 50% after stop-flow. We conclude that during ventriculocisternal perfusion, mixing is incomplete in CSF spaces, and that unequilibrated CSF contributes significantly to the reduced tracer concentration in Vd during acute hypercapnia. To determine whether Vf transiently increases in response to CO2 breathing, or to any perturbation causing craniospinal fluid redistribution, homogeneity in CSF spaces must be verified.
A Formulary for External Therapy of the Skin. (1954)

This excellent monograph was prepared originally to fill the requirements of the Massachusetts General Hospital. It provides a rational and logical approach to external therapy and is free from the trivialities so common to specialized branches of medicine. The objectives of superficial dermatological therapy are practically limited to the palliative relief of symptoms. The measures to be taken to assist nature in restoring the skin to health when it is diseased are few, and this formulary has the required brevity rather than an encyclopedic scope. It also emphasizes that external therapy is only a part of the treatment of a diseased skin. The preliminary chapters discuss the evolution of the formulary, the objectives of external therapy, the basic principles of treatment, and measures of value for the proper cleansing of the skin. Subsequent chapters are devoted to ointment vehicles, emollients and protectives, antipruritics, anti-infectives, antieczematous and antiseborrheic agents, and antiperspirants.
Optical storage arrays: a perspective for future big data storage (2014)

The advance of nanophotonics has provided a variety of avenues for light–matter interaction at the nanometer scale through the enriched mechanisms for physical and chemical reactions induced by nanometer-confined optical probes in nanocomposite materials. These emerging nanophotonic devices and materials have enabled researchers to develop disruptive methods of tremendously increasing the storage capacity of current optical memory. In this paper, we present a review of the recent advancements in nanophotonics-enabled optical storage techniques. Particularly, we offer our perspective of using them as optical storage arrays for next-generation exabyte data centers. The science and technology of nanophotonics can help dramatically increase the capacity of optical discs. After reviewing research into next-generation optical data storage, Min Gu, Xiangping Li and Yaoyu Cao from the Swinburne University of Technology in Australia have offered their perspective of the creation of exabyte-scale optical data centers. They report that developments in ’super-resolution recording‚, which allow a light-sensitive material to be exposed to a focal spot that is smaller than the diffraction limit of light, will allow the size of recorded bits to shrink to just a few nanometres in size. This would ultimately allow a single disk to store petabytes of data and thus constitute a key component in optical storage arrays for ultrahigh-capacity optical data centers.
Information Systems: An Introduction To Informatics In Organisations (2003)

Information Systems or Organisational Informatics is the bridging discipline interested in the application of information, information systems and information technology in organisations. This text provides an essential introduction to informatics and its application within organisations. The aim has been to present an integrated and holistic account of the field, founded in strong theory but with a practical emphasis. Information Systems: An Introduction to Informatics in Organisations is divided into ten major parts: Part 1 - Information and Systems - reviews the foundation concepts of information, systems, information systems, management/decision-making and the modelling of information systems Part 2 - Information Technology - provides a grounding in the component elements of information technology: hardware, data, software and communications technology. It also explains the architecture of contemporary IT systems Part 3 - Use and Impact - discusses the context of use for information systems and the impact of such use on organisations. It also considers the success and failure of information systems in organisations Part 4 - Organisation - considers the features of organisations that both impact upon and are impacted upon by information systems. These include organisation theory, structure, culture, strategy, processes and the informatics infrastructure Part 5 - Environment - considers the economic, social and political environments for organisations that affect information systems Part 6 - Development - considers key phases of the process of developing information systems for organisations. It also discusses the toolkit required by the IS developer Part 7 - Planning - considers the planning processes for information, information systems and information technology in organisations. It discusses the need for organisational analysis and the importance of formulating informatics strategy. A class of information systems known as strategic information systems are also considered Part 8 - Management - considers the process of implementing informatics strategy, organising the informatics service and conducting needed evaluations of information systems. The management of projects and knowledge in organisations is also discussed Part 9 - E-Business - considers the influence of informatics on intra-business and extra-business processes, particularly business-to-business and business-to customer electronic commerce Part 10 - Discipline - considers the academic field and the area of industrial practice. It also considers the issue of professionalism in informatics work and appropriate ways of conducting research in this area This text is designed primarily to be used on core modules of undergraduate degrees in information systems or business. It may also be used on supplementary modules within undergraduate degrees in software engineering or computer science. Instructors on commercial courses and practitioners within the information systems area will find it useful for its holistic view of the field.
Laser Raman spectroscopy of polyacrylamide (1981)

Abstract The Raman spectra of polyacrylamide and its covalently crosslinked gel (with N , N ′‐methylenebis‐acrylamide as the crosslinking agent) in the region of 200–3600 cm −1 are discussed. The vibrational band assignments for polyacrylamide are made on the basis of a comparison with the spectra of acrylamide, acrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, poly(vinyl alcohol), and other vinyl polymers. The Raman spectra of polyacrylamide in the solid phase and in aqueous solution have similar spectral features. The Raman spectra of gels with low crosslink content and of polyacrylamide in aqueous solution are comparable except that one new band, predominantly due to the residual monomer, appears in the gel phase. An analysis based on polarized Raman, infrared and NMR spectra, model building, and group theoretical calculations suggests a structure dominated by isotactic species.
Water Distribution in Ancient Rome: The Evidence of Frontinus (1995)

Any modern urban dweller in a hot, dry climate allows the value of the water supply; the Romans were no exception. Over a span of several centuries Rome supplied itself with a system of aqueducts that watered many neighborhoods and allowed the city to grow and expand. Water Distribution in Ancient Rome examines the nature and effects of this system and considers numerous important and interesting questions: How did water travel to the many neighborhoods of hilly Rome? Which neighborhoods were connected to the water system and how? What effects did the presence or absence of water have on the character of a given locale? Water Distribution in Ancient Rome draws on the difficult but critical work of the Roman engineer Frontinus. A consideration of Frontinus' writing, provided here in translation, reveals comprehensive planning by city officials over long periods of time and the difficulties these engineering feats posed. This engagingly written volume includes studies of the individual aqueducts and the neighborhoods they served. Water Distribution in Ancient Rome will be essential reading for students and scholars of Frontinus, of Roman engineering and the history of Rome, and of topography and archaeology.
Traditional Indian Systems of Medicine (2000)

Evidence-based studies on the efficacy and safety of traditional Indian medicines are limited. The essential ingredient in most formulations is not precisely defined. High quality studies are necessary to evaluate and compare the value of traditional Indian drugs to modern medicine.