gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunoblot analysis shows changes in factor VIII inhibitor chain specificity in factor VIII inhibitor patients over time (1988)

We have used immunoblotting of purified factor VIII (FVIII) to determine whether or not changes in FVIII chain specificity occur during the course of an inhibitor. Serial plasma samples from 15 inhibitor patients (13 hemophilic and two spontaneous) were analyzed. Nine of the 15 antibodies, all with epitopes on the 44-kilodalton (Kd) thrombin fragment of the 92-Kd FVIII heavy chain and/or the 72-Kd thrombin fragment of the 80-Kd FVIII light chain, showed no change in FVIII chain specificity. However, six of the inhibitors analyzed showed changes in FVIII fragment specificity. Four inhibitors (three hemophilic and one spontaneous) reactive with 72-Kd thrombin fragment also became reactive with the 44-Kd thrombin fragment after an anamnestic response to FVIII infusion. Another inhibitor with epitopes on both the 54-Kd and 44-Kd thrombin fragments lost most of its reactivity with the 44-Kd fragment but retained its reactivity with the 54-Kd fragment following a FVIII infusion. The inhibitor later regained its 44-Kd-fragment reactivity but lost its 54-Kd-fragment reactivity following treatment with FEIBA, FVIII inhibitor bypassing activity. The last inhibitor studied had an antibody to either the 44-Kd fragment or to both the 44-Kd and 72-Kd fragments during anamnestic responses to FVIII. These data indicate that a FVIII inhibitor patient can potentially produce antibody to multiple areas on the FVIII molecule and that this must be taken into account in the design of specific therapeutic products.
Cascaded-ring-resonator-loaded Mach–Zehnder modulator for enhanced modulation efficiency in wide optical bandwidth (2012)

journal article
<title>Widely tunable Fabry-Perot filters using high-index-contrast DBRs</title> (1998)

Realization of microelectromechanically wavelength tunable Fabry-Perot filters using high index-contrast distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) comprising GaAlAs/AlO<SUB>x</SUB> and Si/SiO<SUB>2</SUB> material system are reported. Due to the broadband nature of these high index-contrast DBRs, the 3dB transmission bandwidth of the cavity resonance is narrow and stable over the tuning range. While the three different sets of GaAlAs/AlO<SUB>x</SUB> based filters with different number of DBRs exhibited linewidths of 0.5nm, 2.0nm and 0.47nm with tuning ranges of 59nm, 83nm, and 60nm respectively, the silicon-based filter exhibited a linewidth of 0.3nm and a tuning range of 12nm. Transmission spectra from these devices displayed varying magnitudes of higher order spatial modes were attributed to lensing effect caused by partially oxidized AlGaAs layers within the mirror layers. One of the GaAlAs filters showed a frequency response of 500 KHz at 3dB cutoff point indicating a switching time of 2 microseconds.
Representative Freshwater Bacterioplankton Isolated from Crater Lake, Oregon (2004)

High-throughput culturing (HTC) methods that rely on dilution to extinction in very-low-nutrient media were used to obtain bacterial isolates from Crater Lake, Oregon. 16S rRNA sequence determination and phylogenetic reconstruction were used to determine the potential ecological significance of isolated bacteria, both in Crater Lake and globally. Fifty-five Crater Lake isolates yielded 16 different 16S rRNA gene sequences. Thirty of 55 (55%) Crater Lake isolates had 16S rRNA gene sequences with 97% or greater similarity to sequences recovered previously from Crater Lake 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Furthermore, 36 of 55 (65%) Crater Lake isolates were found to be members of widely distributed freshwater groups. These results confirm that HTC is a significant improvement over traditional isolation techniques that tend to enrich for microorganisms that do not predominate in their environment and rarely correlate with 16S rRNA gene clone library sequences. Although all isolates were obtained under dark, heterotrophic growth conditions, 2 of the 16 different groups showed evidence of photosynthetic capability as assessed by the presence of puf operon sequences, suggesting that photoheterotrophy may be a significant process in this oligotrophic, freshwater habitat.
Blockade of the chemokine receptor, CCR5, reduces the growth of orthotopically injected colon cancer cells via limiting cancerassociated fibroblast accumulation (2016)

We previously demonstrated that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) accumulate at tumor sites through the interaction between a chemokine, CCL3, and its receptor, CCR5, in the late phase of colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis. Here we examined the effect of a CCR5 antagonist, maraviroc, on tumor growth arising from the orthotopic injection of mouse or human colon cancer cell lines into the cecal wall by focusing on CAFs. Orthotopic injection of either cell line caused tumor formation together with leukocyte infiltration and fibroblast accumulation. Concomitant oral administration of maraviroc reduced tumor formation with few effects on leukocyte infiltration. In contrast, maraviroc reduced the intratumor number of α-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts, which express epidermal growth factor, a crucial growth factor for colon cancer cell growth. These observations suggest that maraviroc or other CCR5 antagonists might act as novel anti-CRC drugs to dampen CAFs, an essential cell component for tumor progression.
Biomolecular Steric Hindrance Effects Are Enhanced on Nanostructured Microelectrodes (2017)

The availability of rapid approaches for quantitative detection of biomarkers would drastically impact global health by enabling decentralized disease diagnosis anywhere that patient care is administered. A promising new approach, the electrochemical steric hindrance hybridization assay (eSHHA) has been introduced for quantitative detection of large proteins (e.g., antibodies) with a low nanomolar detection limit within 10 min. Here, we report the use of a nanostructured microelectrode (NME) platform for eSHHA that improves the performance of this approach by increasing the efficiency and kinetics of DNA hybridization. We demonstrated that eSHHA on nanostructured microelectrodes leverages three effects: (1) steric hindrance effects at the nanoscale, (2) a size-dependent hybridization rate of DNA complexes, and (3) electrode morphology-dependent blocking effects. As a proof of concept, we showed that the sensitivity of eSHHA toward a model antibody is enhanced using NMEs as scaffolds for this reaction. We improved the detection limit of eSHHA, taking advantage of nanostructured surfaces to allow the use of longer capture strands for detection of proteins. Finally, we concluded that using the eSHHA approach in conjunction with nanostructured microelectrodes is an advantageous alternative to conventional macroelectrodes as the sensitivity and detection limits are enhanced.
Translucent Y/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/ ceramics (1984)

The sintering of Y/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/ to full density and translucency using either SiO/sub 2/ or MgO as a dopant is described. The resulting ceramics have a regular microstructures and low optical absorption coefficients.
The power therapies: A proposed mechanism for their action and suggestions for future empirical validation. (2000)

Power Therapies claim to achieve rapid results in reducing fear elicited by a large number of situations.is paper presents a theory of how competition among stimuli may be the basis for how the Power Therapies work. The compelling features of these therapies are that they all interrupt old habits and conditioned reflexes and provide new habits and conditioning. Therefore, many of the protocols involve overcoming prior-stimulus dominance. In addition to proposing a mechanism for these therapies, this article also reveals that, despite superficial differences, power therapies fundamentally accomplish the same thing.These therapies reduce the intensify of emotional responses elicited by stimuli associated with trauma. It is proposed that they accomplish this end through working at the subcortical level of brain activity to interrupt the negative emotional responses elicited by the trauma stimuli. Power Therapies constitute a general category unto themselves within the field of psychotherapy, and they have become an alternative to traditional behavioral and psychodynamic psychotherapeutic techniques in the treatment of trauma. These therapies include: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), developed by Francine Shapiro (Shapiro, 1995); Thought Field Therapy (TFT), developed by Roger Callahan and W. Callahan (Callahan, 1995); Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), developed by Gary Craig (1997); Visio/Kinesthetic Dissociation (V/KD), developed by Bandler (Bandler & Grinder, 1979, Cameron-Bandler, 1978); and Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR), developed by Frank Gerbode (1989). They may be most closely akin to
Extending the benefits of LTE to unlicensed spectrum (2015)

Provision of sufficient network capacity for the wireless data protocol is presently the biggest challenge in telecom industry; Discussions are underway to take advantage of hundreds of megahertz in an unlicensed spectrum. In late 2013, telecom companies were presented a proposal by the Third Generation Partnership Project to retool and deploy Long Term Evolution technologies in unlicensed bands. This paper studies the fundamental questions of deploying this technology using Long Term Evolution Advanced carrier aggregation mechanism, coexistence of Unlicensed Long Term Evolution and Wi-Fi networks, its regulatory requirements, advantages, Unlicensed Long Term Evolution and its impact on existing services. Similarly, once the technology is deployed, it's important to route out the methodology of the sharing between multiple technologies and operators. The mechanism for sharing between strategic operators is depictedfrom Teng et al., 2013 [1]. Moreover, the paper provides a solution to the deployment of cells by creating a Neutral host for Unlicensed Long Term Evolution.
iBreaker: Intelligent Tri-mode Solid State Circuit Breaker Technology (2018)

Power electronics enabled DC microgrids mandate fast and low-loss protection against circuit faults. This paper discusses the major challenges and potential solid state circuit breaker (SSCB) solutions to address this need. It proposes a new SSCB methodology comprising four key elements: use of wide bandgap semiconductor (WBG) switches, tri-mode operation, combined digital and analog control, and universal hardware/software architectures. We report the design of a 380V/20A intelligent tri-mode SSCB (iBreaker) based on these design principles. We use SiC MOSFET and GaN HEMT in the iBreaker, which features three distinct operation modes: ON, OFF, and PWM Current Limiting (PWM-CL). While the conventional ON/OFF states allow the iBreaker to conduct normal load currents or interrupt fault currents, the PWM-CL state allows the iBreaker to gradually charge the input capacitors of electronic loads at a limited current level during load startup. The iBreaker can switch from the PWM-CL state to the OFF state if a true short circuit fault is detected. In the PWM-CL state, a variable frequency PWM control technique is proposed to optimally operate a buck converter for soft start and short fault detection. The new iBreaker is prototyped and experimentally verified.
DNA elution from buccal cells stored on Whatman FTA Classic Cards using a modified methanol fixation method (2009)

We describe here a method for DNA elution from buccal cells and whole blood both collected onto Whatman FTA technology, using methanol fixation followed by an elution PCR program. Extracted DNA is comparable in quality to published Whatman FTA protocols, as judged by PCR-based genotyping. Elution of DNA from the dried sample is a known rate-limiting step in the published Whatman FTA protocol; this method enables the use of each 3-mm punch of sample for several PCR reactions instead of the standard, one PCR reaction per sample punch. This optimized protocol therefore extends the usefulness and cost effectiveness of each buccal swab sample collected, when used for nucleic acid PCR and genotyping.
Disruption of PF4/H multimolecular complex formation with a minimally anticoagulant heparin (ODSH) (2020)

Recent studies have shown that ultra-large complexes (ULCs) of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin (H) play an essential role in the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), an immune-mediated disorder caused by PF4/H antibodies. Because antigenic PF4/H ULCs assemble through non-specific electrostatic interactions, we reasoned that disruption of charge-based interactions can modulate the immune response to antigen. We tested a minimally anticoagulant compound (2-O, 3-O desulfated heparin, ODSH) with preserved charge to disrupt PF4/H complex formation and immunogenicity. We show that ODSH disrupts complexes when added to pre-formed PF4/H ULCs and prevents ULC formation when incubated simultaneously with PF4 and UFH. In other studies, we show that excess ODSH reduces HIT antibody (Ab) binding in immunoassays and that PF4/ODSH complexes do not cross-react with HIT Abs. When ODSH and unfractionated heparin (UFH) are mixed at equimolar concentrations, we show that there is a negligible effect on amount of protamine required for heparin neutralisation and reduced immunogenicity of PF4/UFH in the presence of ODSH. Taken together, these studies suggest that ODSH can be used concurrently with UFH to disrupt PF4/H charge interactions and provides a novel strategy to reduce antibody mediated complications in HIT.
A photoinduced cleavage of DNA useful for determining T residues (1982)

Irradiation of 5'-[32P]-phosphate labeled DNA fragments with ultraviolet light in the presence of primary amines followed by piperidine treatment resulted in base-specific cleavage of the DNA chain at T residues, accompanied by a less intensive G reaction. This simple, T greater than G cleavage offers an alternative method for determining T residues in chemical DNA sequencing.
Heterodyne I: Enhancing sonochemical efficiency through application of the heterodyne effect: An initial study (2019)

Relatively little is known concerning the application of concurrent and coaxial multi-frequency ultrasound on the facilitation of chemical reactivity. When two or more acoustic frequencies are input into a solution, frequencies corresponding to the sum of the frequencies with an amplitude related to the difference between the two frequencies (both known in acoustics as heterodyne frequencies) are produced. Given the fact that cavitation dynamics are dependent upon frequency and power among other variables, the generation of additional waves should produce a situation where the cavitation bubbles produced by the two coincident frequencies are out of resonance with the heterodyne frequency, resulting in an increase in cavitation collapse efficiency. The resulting cavitation efficiency is expected to be higher than that which is observed from the simple sum of the acoustic energy transferred from each single frequency. As such, the energy and cavitation efficiency of this technique for bond breakage and formation is expected to be significantly higher than using either a single ultrasonic frequency or two frequencies acting separately. In this study we have embarked on a comparison of the efficacy of heterodyne sonochemistry with more traditional single-frequency or dual frequency ultrasound where the heterodyne frequency is zero. As a prototypical reaction, we have explored the effects of multi-frequency ultrasound on the degradation of acid orange, a common industrial colorant. An increase in the degradation rate by a factor of 500% was observed using incident frequencies of 305 and 310 kHz heterodyne ultrasound (5 kHz heterodyne) compared with what would be expected theoretically were the two frequencies to act independently. Reasons for the increase in efficiency are discussed.
Note on Rank Biserial Correlation (1966)

variables, n consecutive ranks, a dichotomy, a trichotomy, etc. In this paper we shall be concerned with developing a measure of the correlation between one variable comprising n consecutive untied ranks and a second variable comprising a dichotomy. We shall regard the dichotomy (scored 0, 1) as having a ranking variable underlying it. In this regard it is analogous to the assumption made in biserial correlation that a normally distributed variable has been forced into a dichotomy. Of major interest is a surprising equivalence which results between the coefficient found in this paper and a coefficient due to Cureton (1956). It is to present and prove the equivalence of these two coefficients, which though quite different in origin and derivation are algebraically equivalent, that this paper is being written.
The Small Heat Shock Protein Cage from <i>Methanococcus jannaschii</i> Is a Versatile Nanoscale Platform for Genetic and Chemical Modification (2003)

Nature has provided us with a range of reactive nanoscale platforms, in the form of protein cage architectures such as viral capsids and the cages of ferritin-like proteins. Protein cage architectures have clearly demarcated exterior, interior, and interface surfaces consisting of precisely located chemical functionalities. In the present work, we demonstrate that the small heat shock protein (MjHsp) cage from Methanococcus jannaschii is a new and versatile nanoscale platform whose exterior and interior surfaces are amenable to both genetic and chemical modification. Wild type and genetic mutants of the Hsp cage are shown to react with activated fluorescein molecules in a site specific manner. In addition, the 12 nm Hsp cage serves as a size constrained reaction vessel for the oxidative mineralization of iron, resulting in the formation of monodispersed 9 nm iron oxide nanoparticles. These results demonstrate the utility of the Hsp cage to serve as a nanoscale platform for the synthesis of both soft (organic) and hard (inorganic) materials.
Optimizing pressure logger placement for leakage detection and model calibration (2012)

Pressure loggers are used to record field pressure data, which are the essential information for water utilities to achieve sound model calibration. Thus determining where and how many pressure loggers to be placed in a distribution system is an important task. In this paper, an effective method is presented for optimizing pressure logger placement. It is developed into a two-stage solution method. At the first stage, a Mont Carlo method is used to generate a large number of random events, each of them represents either demand change and/or leakage flow. All the events are simulated by conducting hydraulic model analysis. The simulated nodal pressures are compared with the baseline condition. The pressure change at each node is evaluated with respect of logger accuracy. If the pressure change is greater than the logger accuracy, a value of 1 is assigned to the node for an event, otherwise a 0 is a assigned to the node. Thus a binary database is constructed for the randomized event for a given distribution system. The constructed binary database is employed to optimize the pressure logger locations in the second stage. The pressure logger locations are optimized for a given number of loggers such that the randomized events are detected or covered as many as possible. The method is tested on two systems. The results are compared with the pressure logger locations previously designed by the experienced engineers. It shows the method is able to achieve greater coverage with less number of pressure loggers than the sampling design by experienced engineers.
UniSpacer™ (2003)

The concept of a UniSpacer is not new. McKeever and MacIntosh metallic hemiarthroplasties have been available for more than 50 years. Two decades ago, published reports for patients with unicompartmental OA revealed good initial results in 85% of patients. This procedure is conservative and easily revised, if necessary, to any type of arthroplasty in the future. The UniSpacer can be thought of as a mobile McKeever or MacIntosh metallic hemiarthroplasty. Rather than attempting fixation to the tibial plateau via a keel or a roughened undersurface, it is designed to translate freely on the tibial plateau as determined by the conforming articulation of its top side surface with the femoral condyle. This mobility makes it inappropriate for use in the lateral compartment where the femoral roll-back could cause prosthetic dislocation or soft tissue impingement or both. The eventual role of the UniSpacer in arthroplasty currently is uncertain. There are no published reports of its effectiveness. Its indication should be similar to those for McKeever arthroplasty. A patient with unicompartmental OA in whom an osteotomy is contraindicated but is considered too young, heavy, or active for a metal-to-plastic arthroplasty is ideal. Less than 1% of patients with OA should be appropriate candidates. The procedure is technically demanding and sensitive, making its widespread success unlikely.
Out-of-plane orientation alignment and reorientation dynamics of gold nanorods in polymer nanocomposite films (2017)

In this work, we develop a novel, in situ characterization method to measure the orientation order parameter and investigate the reorientation and reshaping dynamics of polymer grafted gold nanorods (AuNRs) in polymer nanocomposite (PNC) thin films. The long aspect-ratio of AuNRs results in two well-defined plasmon resonance modes, allowing the optical properties of the PNC to be tuned over a wide spectral range. The alignment of the AuNRs in a particular direction can also be used to further tune these optical properties. We utilize variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry as a unique technique to measure the optical properties of PNC films containing AuNRs at various angles of incidence, and use effective index of refraction analysis of the PNC to relate the birefringence in the film due to changes of the plasmon coupling to the orientation order parameter of AuNRs. Polymer thin films (ca. 70 nm) of either polystyrene (PS) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) containing PS grafted AuNRs are probed with ellipsometry, and the resulting extinction coefficient spectra compare favorably with more traditional analytical techniques, electron microscopy (EM) and optical absorbance (vis-NIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry measures optical birefringence, which allows us to determine the in- and out-of plane order of the AuNRs, a property that is not easily accessible using other measurement techniques. Additionally, this technique is applied in situ to demonstrate that AuNRs undergo a rapid (ca. 1-5 hours) reorientation before undergoing a slower (ca. 24 hours) rod to sphere shape transition. The reorientation behavior is different depending on the polymer matrix used. In the athermal case (i.e. PS matrix), the AuNRs reorient isotropically, while in PMMA the AuNRs do not become isotropic, which we hypothesize is due to PMMA preferentially wetting the silica substrate, leaving less vertical space for the AuNRs to reorient.