gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism of Alkene Addition to a Nickel Bis(dithiolene) Complex: The Role of the Reduced Metal Complex (2012)

The binding of an alkene by Ni(tfd)(2) [tfd = S(2)C(2)(CF(3))(2)] is one of the most intriguing ligand-based reactions. In the presence of the anionic, reduced metal complex, the primary product is an interligand adduct, while in the absence of the anion, dihydrodithiins and metal complex decomposition products are preferred. New kinetic (global analysis) and computational (DFT) data explain the crucial role of the anion in suppressing decomposition and catalyzing the formation of the interligand product through a dimetallic complex that appears to catalyze alkene addition across the Ni-S bond, leading to a lower barrier for the interligand adduct.
Multi-source color transfer for natural images (2008)

Considering a "target" image with complex scene, a novel method for regionally transferring colors from a set of "source" color images to the complex "target" image is presented. An improved EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm is first adopted to approximately model the regional color distribution of the target image by using Gaussian mixture model (GMM); trained by this target GMM, color pixels in each source image are then assigned into source regions corresponding to the target ones, and a color selection mechanism is proposed to choose the best- matched source colors for re-coloring each target region. A new image quality metric, colorfulness, is adopted for objective performance comparisons with previous methods. Experiments show that the proposed method can generate convincing results with well performance.
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Distributed OFDMA-Based MAC Protocol for MANETs (2014)

In this paper, we propose a distributed MAC protocol for OFDMA-based wireless mobile ad hoc multihop networks, in which the resource reservation and data transmission procedures are operated in a distributed manner. A frame format is designed considering the characteristics of OFDMA that each node can transmit or receive data to or from multiple nodes simultaneously. Under this frame structure, we propose a distributed resource management method including network state estimation and resource reservation processes. We categorize five types of logical errors according to their root causes and show that two of the logical errors are inevitable while three of them are avoided under the proposed distributed MAC protocol. In addition, we provide a systematic method to determine the advertisement period of each node by presenting a clear relation between the accuracy of estimated network states and the signaling overhead. We evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol in respect of the reservation success rate and the success rate of data transmission. Since our method focuses on avoiding logical errors, it could be easily placed on top of the other resource allocation methods focusing on the physical layer issues of the resource management problem and interworked with them.
Nano sized copper particles by electrolytic synthesis and characterizations (2011)

This work reports a simple, novel, cost effective and eco-friendly electrolytic synthesis of copper nanoparticles using copper sulphate as metal precursor. The synthesis rate is much faster than other methods and this approach is suitable for large scale production. They are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD); scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform-infra red (FT-IR) techniques to analyze size, morphology and functional groups. XRD studies reveal a high degree of crystallinity and monophasic nature of copper nanoparticles. Their particle size is found to be 24 nm and specific surface area (SSA) is 28 m2/g. SSA analysis of copper nanoparticles reports that increasing their SSA improves their antibacterial actions. Microbiology essay finds that copper nanoparticles are effective against Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium bacteria. SSA of bacteria analysis reveals that it plays a major role while on reactions with antimicrobial agents.

	 

	Key words: X-ray diffraction (XRD), copper nanoparticles, Williamson Hall plot, electrolysis, Debye-Scherrer.
Effects of γ-Oryzanol and Cycloartenol Ferulic Acid Ester on Cholesterol Diet Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats (1987)

Hypolipidemic effects of γ-oryzanol (OZ) and cycloartenol ferulic acid ester (CAF) on the hyperlipidemia induced by ingestion of a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. The test drugs were given orally and intravenously, daily for 12 days with the HCD feeding. The oral administration with OZ and CAF at 100 mg/kg daily for 6 or 12 days did not apparently prevent the hyperlipidemia induced by HCD-feeding. The intravenous administrations with OZ and CAF at 10 mg/kg for 6 days significantly inhibited the increases in serum total cholesterol (TC), phospholipid (PL) and free cholesterol by HCD. OZ and CAF did not inhibit the decreases of TC in high density lipoprotein (HDL-TC) and HDL-PL by HCD. The increases of atherogenic index ([TC-HDL-TC]/[HDL-TC] and [PL-HDL-PL]/[HDL-PL]) with the HCD feeding were reduced by the intravenous administrations of OZ and CAF. Triglyceride, nonesterified fatty acid, lactate dehydrogenase and transaminase (GOT and GPT) markedly decreased below the control level by the intravenous administrations of OZ and CAF for 12 days. These results suggest that the intravenous administrations of OZ and CAF may have accelerated the excretion of lipids in the blood.
Highly-efficient thermally-tuned resonant optical filters (2010)

We demonstrate spectral tunability for microphotonic add-drop filters manufactured as ring resonators in a commercial 130 nm SOI CMOS technology. The filters are provisioned with integrated heaters built in CMOS for thermal tuning. Their thermal impedance has been dramatically increased by the selective removal of the SOI handler substrate under the device footprint using a bulk silicon micromachining process. An overall ~20x increase in the tuning efficiency has been demonstrated with a 100 µm radius ring as compared to a pre-micromachined device. A total of 3.9 mW of applied tuning power shifts the filter resonant peak across one free spectral node of the device. The Q-factor of the resonator remains unchanged after the co-integration process and hence this device geometry proves to be fully CMOS compatible. Additionally, after the cointegration process our result of 2π shift with 3.9 mW power is among the best tuning performances for this class of devices. Finally, we examine scaling the tuning efficiency versus device footprint to develop a different performance criterion for an easier comparison to evaluate thermal tuning. Our criterion is defined as the unit of power to shift the device resonance by a full 2π phase shift.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Infants: A Study of Clinical and Cytokine Profiles (2004)

A prospective study of clinical and cytokine profiles of 107 infants with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS) was conducted. Fever, petechiae on the skin, and hepatomegaly were the most common clinical findings associated with DHF/DSS in infants. DSS occurred in 20.5% of the patients. Hemoconcentration and thrombocytopenia were observed in 91.5% and 92.5% of the patients, respectively. Serologic testing revealed that almost all of the patients (95.3%) had primary dengue virus infections. These data demonstrate that clinical and laboratory findings of DHF/DSS in infants are compatible with the World Health Organization's clinical diagnostic criteria for pediatric DHF. The present study is the first to report evidence of production of cytokines in infants with DHF/DSS and to describe the difference between the cytokine profile of infants with primary dengue virus infections and children with secondary infections. Overproduction of both proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10 and -6) may play a role in the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS in infants.
Anti-MPER antibodies with heterogeneous neutralization capacity are detectable in most untreated HIV-1 infected individuals (2014)

Anti-MPER antibodies can be detected in the vast majority of HIV-1 infected individuals and are generated in the context of the global anti-Env response. However, the neutralizing capacity is heterogeneous suggesting that eliciting neutralizing anti-MPER antibodies by immunization might require refinement of immunogens to skip nonneutralizing responses.
Safety and immunogenicity of Haemophilus type b-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine, mixed in the same syringe with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine in young infants (1991)

As new vaccines are developed there is increasing interest in reducing the number of injections given to children by combining vaccines in one syringe. We studied the safety and immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine (PRP-T) administered at ages 2, 4 and 6 months mixed in the same syringe with DTP vaccine and its effects on the seroresponse to DTP vaccine. A group of 112 healthy 2-month-old infants received DTP-PRP-T or DTP-placebo mixed immediately before immunization in the same syringe. The addition of PRP-T to DTP did not increase the rate of local or systemic reactions. After the first, second and third dose, the PRP-T recipients showed a geometric anti-PRP antibody mean of 0.13, 2.31 and 6.40 micrograms/ml vs. 0.07, 0.05 and 0.05 micrograms/ml among the DTP-placebo recipients, respectively. Of the PRP-T recipients, 94 and 98% attained antibody concentration of greater than or equal to 0.15 micrograms/ml protein after the second and third dose, respectively, and 65 and 94% attained a concentration of greater than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/ml after the second and third dose, respectively. At the age of 1 year 94 and 52% of the DTP-PRP-T recipients vs. 12% and 0% of the placebo recipients still maintained titers of greater than or equal to 0.15 and greater than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. The administration of DTP in the same syringe with PRP-T did not affect significantly the antibody response to diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and to pertussis agglutinins. It is concluded that PRP-T vaccine could be administered in the same syringe as DTP.
Monoclonal antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C: cross-reactivity and localization of epitopes on tryptic fragments (1984)

Murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with staphylococcal enterotoxins B (SEB) and C1 (SEC1) were isolated by hybridoma techniques. Of the nine antibodies, three reacted only with SEB, two reacted with SEB and SEC1, three reacted with all subtypes of SEC, and one reacted only with SEC2 and SEC3. All of the antibodies reacted with protein blotted onto nitrocellulose from electrophoresis gels which corresponded to the enterotoxin band. Fragments of SEB and SEC1 were generated by limited digestion of the toxin with trypsin. With the immunoblot technique, four of the five antibodies reactive with SEB reacted with the tryptic fragment of molecular weight 17,000, and the five antibodies reactive with SEC1 reacted with the tryptic fragment of molecular weight 14,000.
Comparison of separate and integral spacecraft (1969)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Dual-stage actuator system for magnetic disk drives using a shear mode piezoelectric microactuator (1999)

We developed a novel piezoelectric microactuator for dual-stage actuator systems in magnetic disk drives. This microactuator is based on the shear deformation of piezoelectric elements, and drives the head suspension assembly. The actuator is suitable for thin devices, and is easily manufactured because of its simple stack configuration. We installed the microactuator in a 2.5" prototype drive, and evaluated the servo system of the dual-stage actuator. This paper describes the structure of our piezoelectric actuator, its mechanical characteristics, and the evaluation of the dual-stage actuator servo system.
A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Fe-Co Alloy Nanoparticles in Silica Aerogel Matrix Using HREM, EDX, and EELS (2009)

Magnetic nanocomposite materials consisting of 5.5 wt% Fe-Co alloy nanoparticles in a silica aerogel matrix, with compositions Fe(x)Co(1-x) of x = 0.50 and 0.67, have been synthesized by the sol-gel method. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images show nanoparticles consisting of single crystal grains of body-centered cubic Fe-Co alloy, with typical crystal grain diameters of approximately 4 and 7 nm for Fe(0.5)Co(0.5) and Fe(0.67)Co(0.33) samples, respectively. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra summed over areas of the samples gave compositions Fe(x)C(o1-x) with x = 0.48 +/- 0.06 and 0.68 +/- 0.05. The EDX spectra obtained with the 1.5 nm probe positioned at the centers of approximately 20 nanoparticles gave slightly lower concentrations of Fe, with means of x = 0.43 +/- 0.01 and x = 0.64 +/- 0.02, respectively. The Fe(0.5)Co(0.50) sample was studied using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and EELS spectra summed over whole nanoparticles gave x = 0.47 +/- 0.06. The EELS spectra from analysis profiles of nanoparticles show a distribution of Fe and Co that is homogeneous, i.e., x = 0.5, within a precision of at best +/-0.05 in x and +/-0.4 nm in position. The present microscopy results have not shown the presence of a thin layer of iron oxide, but this might be at the limit of detectability of the methods.
Investigation of the Nanodiagnostics Probe Modes for Semiconductor Resistivity Measurements by Atomic Force Microscopy (2014)

The work presents the results of theoretical and experimental investigations of the features and nanodiagnostics probe modes for semiconductors resistivity measurements by current technique of atomic force microscopy and by using test silicon samples with known resistivities (0.01 Ωcm, 1 Ωcm, 5 Ωcm, 10 Ωcm). It is shown that the measured resistivity data in air and in ultrahigh vacuum (10 -8 Pa) is 166 Ωcm and 10 Ωcm, respectively, for the sample with ρ = 10 Ωcm of theoretically predicted resistivity. We showed that reducing of the measurements reliability in air, due to the local anodic oxidation of the substrate surface. Experimental studies of the influence of cantilever load forces (0.3 to 6.0 μN) to the samples surface on the current distribution are presented. Based on the experimental results we developed a mathematical model for determining the resistivity of semiconductor materials by current technique of atomic force microscopy. The results are useful to the development of probe methods for nanoelectronic devices analysis by atomic force microscopy.
Tacrolimus and Steroid Treatment for Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2011)

Combined tacrolimus and methylprednisolone pulse therapy mitigates AE-IPF, prevents re-acute exacerbation, and contributes to a better prognosis.
Energy Consumption and Energy Use Intensity (EUI) (2014)

1. The ENERGY STAR score is a 1-100 assessment of a building’s energy efficiency as compared with similar buildings nationwide, adjusting for climate and business activity.
Effects of lactulose and other laxatives on ileal and colonic pH as measured by a radiotelemetry device (1974)

Using a pH-sensitive radiotelemetering device the effect of lactulose on luminal pH in the ileum, colon, and rectum has been compared with that of two other laxative agents. Lactulose produced marked acidification of proximal colonic contents but this effect was not consistently maintained into the distal colon. Sodium sulphate acidified distal rather than proximal colonic contents. However, for a similar degree of laxation it was not possible to produce a significantly more uniform reduction of pH along the length of the colon by combining these laxatives compared with lactulose alone. Magnesium sulphate had little effect upon luminal pH except in the rectum where a significant rise occurred. These results are discussed in relation to both normal colonic physiology and to their possible relevance to the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy by colonic acidification.
Determination of Total Sulfur in Fertilizers by High Temperature Combustion: Single-Laboratory Validation (2014)

Asingle-laboratory validation study was conducted for the determination of total sulfur (S) in a variety of common, inorganic fertilizers by combustion. The procedure involves conversion of S species into SO2 through combustion at 1150 degrees C, absorption then desorption from a purge and trap column, followed by measurement by a thermal conductivity detector. Eleven different validation materials were selected for study, which included four commercial fertilizer products, five fertilizers from the Magruder Check Sample Program, one reagent grade product, and one certified organic reference material. S content ranged between 1.47 and 91% as sulfate, thiosulfate, and elemental and organically bound S. Determinations of check samples were performed on 3 different days with four replicates/day. Determinations for non-Magruder samples were performed on 2 different days. Recoveries ranged from 94.3 to 125.9%. ABS SL absolute SD among runs ranged from 0.038 to 0.487%. Based on the accuracy and precision demonstrated here, it is recommended that this method be collaboratively studied for the determination of total S in fertilizers.
A Location-aided Decision Algorithm for Handoff Across Heterogeneous Wireless Overlay Networks (2004)

Internetworking third generation (3G) technologies with wireless LAN (WLAN) technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS) and IEEE 802.11, respectively, is an emerging trend in the wireless domain. Its development was aimed at increasing the UMTS network's capacity and optimizing performance. The increase in the number of wireless users requires an increase in the number of smaller WLAN cells in order to maintain an acceptable level of QoS. Deploying smaller cells in areas of higher mobility (e.g., campuses, subway stations, city blocks, malls, etc.) results in the user only spending a short period of time in each cell, which significantly increases the rate of handoff. If the user does not spend sufficient time in the discovered WLAN's coverage area, the application cannot benefit from the higher data rates. Therefore, the data interruption and performance degradation associated with the handoff cannot be compensated for. This counters the initial objective for integrating heterogeneous technologies, thus only handoffs that are followed by a sufficient visit to the discovered WLAN should be triggered. The conventional RF-based handoff decision method does not have the necessary means for making an accurate decision in the type of environments described above. Therefore, a location-aided handoff decision algorithm was developed to prevent the triggering of handoffs that result from short visits to discovered WLAN's coverage area. The algorithm includes a location-based evaluation that runs on the network side and utilizes a user's location, speed, and direction as well as handoff-delay values to compute the minimum required visit duration and the user's trajectory. A WLAN coverage database is queried to determine whether the trajectory's end point falls within the boundaries of the discovered WLAN's coverage area. If so, the mobile node is notified by the UMTS network to trigger the handoff. Otherwise, the location-based evaluation reiterates until the estimated trajectory falls within the boundaries of the discovered WLAN's coverage area, or the user exits the coverage area. By taking into consideration more then merely RF-measurements, the proposed algorithm is able to predict whether the user's visit to the WLAN will exceed the minimum requirements and make the decision accordingly. This allows the algorithm to prevent the performance degradation and cost associated with unbeneficial/unnecessary handoffs.
The EGF Receptor Kinase Substrate p35 in the Floor Plate of the Embryonic Rat CNS (1989)

P35 is a calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein that was originally isolated as a substrate for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase and later was found to be related to lipocortin I. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize p35 to a raphe of primitive glial ependymal cells in the median one-third of the floor plate in the central nervous system (CNS) of rat embryos. The p35 appears by embryonic day 12 before the arrival of pioneering ventral commissural axons. The unexpected, discrete distribution of this protein during development opens the question of its role in neural morphogenesis.
Over Molding Process Development for a Stacked Wafer-level Chip Scale Package with Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) (2012)

To enable System-in-Package (SiP) solutions for analog products with active ICs or in combination with MEMS, passives or other components, a stacked Wafer-level Chip Scale Package (WCSP) platform has been developed using Through-Silicon Via (TSV) technology to create the smallest form factor package. This paper describes the integration flow and the development of the wafer over molding back-end unit process, using a 3 mm × 3 mm test vehicle on a 100 μm thick 200 mm wafer. Wafer-level over molding is a key development item as it provides support to the thin TSV wafers through the subsequent processes of debonding, ball attach and package singulation. Various molding materials and processes (compression, screen printing, film) were investigated. Selection of the mold material is a challenge as it must meet multiple requirements of processability, warpage, debondability, saw-singulation, and chip picking-up. Experimental results how to reduce warpage and Si damage by saw-singulation, and modeling results for the different mold materials and the pros/cons of the various molding processes are explained.
Singapore's New Environmental Law (2000)

The Act to consolidate the laws relating to environmental pollution control has given way to the Environmental Pollution Control Act (the EPCA). An attempt is made to evaluate the EPCA, in the context of the environment in Singapore today, to ascertain the extent to which these concerns have been addressed, and to evaluate the overall impact.
A RFID-enabled traceability system for the supply chain of live fish (2008)

Traceability is important in the food supply chain to ensure the consumerspsila food safety, especially for the fresh products. In recent years, many solutions which applied various emerging technology have been proposed to improve the traceability of fresh product. However, the traceability system needs to be customized to satisfy different requirements. The system depends on the different product properties and supply chain models. This paper proposed a RFID-enabled traceability system for live fish supply chain. The system architecture is designed according to the specific requirement gathered in the life fish processing. Likewise, it is adaptive for the small and medium enterprises. The RFID tag is put on each live fish and is regarded as the mediator which links the live fish logistic center, retail restaurants and consumers for identification. The sensors controlled by the PLC are used to collect the information in farming as well as the automatic transporting processes. The traceability information is designed to be exchanged and used on a Web-based system for farmers and consumers. The system was implemented and deployed in the live fish logistic center for trial, and the results are valuable for practical reference.