gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hertzian stress contribution to low friction behavior of thin MoS2 coatings (1990)

Friction coefficients were measured for bearing materials slid in dry air against sputter-deposited MoS2-coated substrates. Ball versus flat tests were performed over a wide range of initial Hertzian pressures (200–1500 MPa) by varying loads (1–50 N), elastic moduli (70–615 GPa), and ball diameters (1.6–12.7 mm). The friction coefficient μ decreased as load L increased according to μ∝ L(−0.32), in agreement with the Hertzian contact model. Regression analysis of over 600 data points for friction coefficient versus Hertzian pressure (PH), fitted to μ=(S0/PH)+α, gave mean values of the shear strength S0=24.8 MPa±0.5 and α= 0.001±0.001, with S0 in good agreement with values in the literature.
A Durable, Non Power Consumptive, Simple Seal for Rotary Blood Pumps (2001)

One of the key technologic requirements for rotary blood pumps is the sealing of the motor shaft. A mechanical seal, a journal bearing, magnetic coupling, and magnetic suspension have been developed, but they have drawbacks such as wear, thrombus formation, and power consumption. A magnetic fluid seal was developed for an axial flow pump. A magnetic fluid seal is durable, simple, and non power consumptive. Long-term experiments and finite element modeling (FEM) analyses confirmed these advantages. The seal body was composed of a Ned-Fe magnet and two pole pieces; the seal was formed by injecting ferrofluid into the gap (50 microm) between the pole pieces and the motor shaft. To contain the ferrofluid in the seal and to minimize the possibility of ferrofluid making contact with blood, a shield with a small cavity was attached to the pole piece. While submerged in blood, the sealing pressure of the seal was measured and found to be 188 mm Hg with ferrofluid LS-40 (saturated magnetization, 24.3 kA/m) at a motor speed of 10,000 rpm and 225 mm Hg under static conditions. The magnetic fluid seals performed perfectly at a pressure of 100 mm Hg for 594 + days in a static condition, and 51, 39+, and 34+ days at a motor speed of 8,000 rpm. FEM analyses indicated a theoretical sealing pressure of 260 mm Hg. The state of the magnetic fluid in the seal in water was observed with a microscope. Neither splashing of magnetic fluid nor mixing of the magnetic fluid and water was observed. The specially designed magnetic fluid seal for keeping liquids out is useful for axial flow blood pumps. The magnetic fluid seal was incorporated into an intracardiac axial flow pump.
SOFTWARE PRODUCT LINE TESTING - A Systematic Review (2009)

Software product lines constitute a new paradigm where industrial production techniques are adapted and applied to software development. Reuse and the maintenance of traceability between the different artefacts in the line are fundamental requirements in this paradigm, articulating the best practices for software development in an environment that is perfectly controlled by software engineering methods. This article presents a systematic review of the literature which deals with testing in software product lines. The objective is to analyse the existing approaches to testing in software product lines, discussing the significant issues related to this area of knowledge and providing an up-to-date state of the art which can serve as a basis for innovative research activities. The paper also analyses how SPL research can contribute and dynamise the research in software
Generation of ultrashort electrical pulses with variable pulse widths (1995)

Electrical pulses from 450 fs to 3 ps are generated using coplanar strip lines and coplanar waveguides on SI GaAs substrate. We use two optical pump beams to generate two steplike electrical transients with opposite sign and then superimpose the signals resulting in rectangular shaped pulses. By varying the delay between the two pump beams the pulse width can be adjusted.
Joyce and prose: an exploration of the language of Ulysses (1989)

Ulysses is discussed in relation to the history of prose, and individual chapters are given syntactic and prosodic examination to illumine their distinctive linguistic design, revealing Joyce's awareness of linguistic devices derived from other languages and eras.
Fusion splices for optical fibers by discharge heating (1978)

A new type of electric discharge fusion splicing apparatus for optical fibers offering several advantages is developed and evaluated. An average splicing loss of 0.10 dB is obtained for step-index multimode silica fibers with a 60-microm core diameter. Tolerances in discharge energy, fiber misalignment, compression force and stroke length during fusion, and end face conditions are discussed experimentally. No accurate fiber axis adjustment is necessary in this apparatus. Mechanical strength of the splice is also excellent.
Fish immune system. A crossroads between innate and adaptive responses (2003)

Fish, as the first vertebrate group appearing in evolution after adaptive radiation during the Devonic period, still represent the most successful and diverse group of vertebrates. This heterogeneous group of organisms occupy an apparent crossroads between the innate immune response and the appearance of the adaptive immune response. Importantly, immune organs homologues to those of the mammalian immune system are present in fish. However, their structural complexity is less, potentially limiting the capability to generate fully functional adaptive immune responses against pathogen invasion. The ability of fish to mount successful immune responses with apparently more robust innate responses than that observed in higher vertebrates is discussed.
Genetics and biology of human ovarian teratomas. II. Molecular analysis of origin of nondisjunction and gene-centromere mapping of chromosome I markers. (1990)

Chromosomal heteromorphisms and DNA polymorphisms have been utilized to identify the mechanisms that lead to formation of human ovarian teratomas and to construct a gene-centromere map of chromosome 1 by using those teratomas that arise by meiotic nondisjunction. Of 61 genetically informative ovarian teratomas, 21.3% arose by nondisjunction at meiosis I, and 39.3% arose by meiosis II nondisjunction. Eight polymorphic marker loci on chromosome 1p and one marker on 1q were used to estimate a gene-centromere map. The results show clear linkage of the most proximal 1p marker (NRAS) and the most proximal 1q marker (D1S61) to the centromere at a distance of 14 cM and 20 cM, respectively. Estimated gene-centromere distances suggest that, while recombination occurs normally in ovarian teratomas arising by meiosis II errors, ovarian teratomas arising by meiosis I nondisjunction have altered patterns of recombination. Furthermore, the estimated map demonstrates clear evidence of chiasma interference. Our results suggest that ovarian teratomas can provide a rapid method for mapping genes relative to the centromere.
Effect of light intensity on in vitro multiple shoot induction and regeneration of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Khandawa-2). (2000)

Cotyledonary nodes taken alongwith shoot apex from seedlings of cotton (G. hirsutum) proliferated into shoots on nutrient agar medium supplemented with cytokinins. In the presence of optimal plant growth regulators, low light intensity enhanced the number of shoots initiated per explant in cotton. An average of 33.5 +/- 2.9 shoots were obtained from a single explant cultured for 8 weeks which is about four fold higher than the values reported in earlier protocols. The isolated shoots were rooted on nutrient agar medium supplemented with alpha-naphthalene acetic acid and transferred to soil after acclimatization. Regenerated plants were morphologically identical to the seed-germinated plants and were fertile.
Short-Term Monotherapy with IDX184, a Liver-Targeted Nucleotide Polymerase Inhibitor, in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2012)

IDX184 is a liver-targeted prodrug of 2'-methylguanosine (2'-MeG) monophosphate. This study investigated the safety, tolerability, antiviral activity, and pharmacokinetics of IDX184 as a single agent in treatment-naïve patients with genotype-1 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Forty-one patients with baseline HCV RNA ≥ 5 log(10) IU/ml, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2.5× the upper limit of normal, and compensated liver disease were dosed. Sequential cohorts of 10 patients, randomized 8:2 (active:placebo), received 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg of IDX184 once daily for 3 days, with a 14-day follow-up. There were no safety-related treatment discontinuations or serious adverse events. The adverse events and laboratory abnormalities observed for IDX184- and placebo-treated patients were similar. At the end of the 3-day treatment period, changes from baseline in HCV RNA levels (means ± standard deviations) were -0.5 ± 0.6, -0.7 ± 0.2, -0.6 ± 0.3, and -0.7 ± 0.5 log(10) for the 25-, 50-, 75-, and 100-mg doses, respectively, while viral load remained unchanged for the pooled placebo patients (-0.05 ± 0.3 log(10)). Patients with genotype-1a and patients with genotype-1b responded similarly. Serum ALT levels decreased, especially at daily doses ≥ 75 mg. During the posttreatment period, plasma viremia and serum aminotransferase levels returned to near pretreatment levels. No resistance mutations associated with IDX184 were detected. Plasma exposure of IDX184 and its nucleoside metabolite 2'-MeG was dose related and low. Changes in plasma viral load correlated with plasma exposure of 2'-MeG. In conclusion, the results from this proof-of-concept study show that small doses of the liver-targeted prodrug IDX184 were able to deliver significant antiviral activity and support further clinical evaluation of the drug candidate.
<title>Public domain optical character recognition</title> (1995)

A public domain document processing system has been developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The system is a standard reference form-based handprint recognition system for evaluating optical character recognition (OCR), and it is intended to provide a baseline of performance on an open application. The system's source code, training data, performance assessment tools, and type of forms processed are all publicly available. The system recognizes the handprint entered on handwriting sample forms like the ones distributed with NIST Special Database 1. From these forms, the system reads hand-printed numeric fields, upper and lowercase alphabetic fields, and unconstrained text paragraphs comprised of words from a limited-size dictionary. The modular design of the system makes it useful for component evaluation and comparison, training and testing set validation, and multiple system voting schemes. The system contains a number of significant contributions to OCR technology, including an optimized probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifier that operates a factor of 20 times faster than traditional software implementations of the algorithm. The source code for the recognition system is written in C and is organized into 11 libraries. In all, there are approximately 19,000 lines of code supporting more than 550 subroutines. Source code is provided for form registration, form removal, field isolation, field segmentation, character normalization, feature extraction, character classification, and dictionary-based postprocessing. The recognition system has been successfully compiled and tested on a host of UNIX workstations. This paper gives an overview of the recognition system's software architecture, including descriptions of the various system components along with timing and accuracy statistics.
Secure Logging as a Service—Delegating Log Management to the Cloud (2013)

Securely maintaining log records over extended periods of time is very important to the proper functioning of any organization. Integrity of the log files and that of the logging process need to be ensured at all times. In addition, as log files often contain sensitive information, confidentiality and privacy of log records are equally important. However, deploying a secure logging infrastructure involves substantial capital expenses that many organizations may find overwhelming. Delegating log management to the cloud appears to be a viable cost saving measure. In this paper, we identify the challenges for a secure cloud-based log management service and propose a framework for doing the same.
Epoxides and Aziridines from Diazoacetates via Ylide Intermediates (2001)

An effective methodology is reported for stereospecific epoxidation and aziridination via carbonyl ylide intermediates using rhodium(II) acetate catalyzed reactions of phenyl- and styryldiazoacetates with aldehydes, ketones, or imines.
Escherichia coli recA protein protects single-stranded DNA or gapped duplex DNA from degradation by RecBC DNase. (1981)

RecA- mutants of Escherichia coli extensively degrade their DNA following UV irradiation. Most of this degradation is due to the recBC DNase, which suggests that the recA gene is involved in the control of recBC DNase in vivo. We have shown that purified recA protein inhibits the endonuclease and exonuclease activities of recBC DNase on single-stranded DNA. The extent of inhibition is dependent on the relative concentration of recA protein, recBC DNase, and the DNA substrate; inhibition is greatest when the concentrations of DNA and recBC DNase are low and the concentrations of recA protein is high. At fixed concentrations of recA protein and recBC DNase, inhibition is eliminated at high concentrations of DNA. In the presence of adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), an ATP analog which stabilizes the binding of recA protein to both single- and double-stranded DNA, recA protein is a more potent inhibitor of the nuclease activities on single-stranded DNA and is a weak inhibitor of the exonuclease activity on double-stranded DNA. Inhibition of the latter is enhanced by oligodeoxynucleotides, which stimulate the binding of recA protein to double-stranded DNA. In the presence of adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), recA protein also inhibits the action of exonuclease I on single-stranded DNA and of lambda exonuclease on double-stranded DNA. These observations are most consistent with the idea that recA protein protects DNA from recBC DNase by binding to DNA. RecA protein also blocks the endonucleolytic cleavage of gapped circular DNA by recBC DNase. Since both recA protein and recBC DNase have the ability under certain conditions to unwind duplex DNA and to displace strands, we looked for evidence that their combined action would enlarge gaps but found no extensive enlargement. D-loops, a putative intermediate in genetic recombination, are effectively protected against the action of recBC DNase by the E. coli single strand binding protein and by recA protein in the presence of adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate).
A 10 µ W standby power 256K CMOS SRAM (1985)

This paper will report on a 55ns 256K CMOS SRAM that utilizes optimized poly load resistors, buried isolation and Ti polycide to achieve 10μW standby power in a 40.7mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die.
Dialogue management for leading the conversation in persuasive dialogue systems (2013)

In this research, we propose a probabilistic dialogue modeling method for persuasive dialogue systems that interact with the user based on a specific goal, and lead the user to take actions that the system intends from candidate actions satisfying the user's needs. As a baseline system, we develop a dialogue model assuming the user makes decisions based on preference. Then we improve the model by introducing methods to guide the user from topic to topic. We evaluate the system knowledge and dialogue manager in a task that tests the system's persuasive power, and find that the proposed method is effective in this respect.
SERUM GROWTH HORMONE BINDING PROTEIN ACTIVITY IN HEALTHY NEONATES, CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS: CORRELATION WITH AGE, HEIGHT AND WEIGHT (1989)

Serum growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) activity was estimated in healthy neonates (n = 6), children and adolescents (n = 97) and young adults (n = 19). GHBP activity was measured by incubating 125I-hGH (human growth hormone) (approximately 25,000 c.p.m.) with serum (100 microliters) in the presence and in the absence of excess unlabelled hGH, followed by separation of specifically bound 125I-hGHBP complexes from free 125I-hGH by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA44 minicolumns. The results are expressed as the percentage specific binding relative to an adult reference serum (%RSB), after correction for endogenous hGH of the unknown serum. The between-assay coefficients of variation for two sera of %RSB activity of 51.2 and 115.4% were 6.0 and 7.0% respectively. In neonates, low values of serum GHBP were found (%RSB = 27.1 +/- 5.0 SEM) followed by a major rise during the first 6 years of life to a mean value (%RSB = 68.3 +/- 4.1 SEM) which more than doubled that of neonates. Thereafter, values rose progressively throughout childhood and puberty to reach maximum values in young adults (%RSB = 95.0 +/- 3.1 SEM). A novel observation was that serum GHBP activity correlated significantly with height standard deviation score (SDS) (males: r = 0.77, P less than 0.001; females: r = 0.56, P = 0.01) and weight SDS (P less than 0.001) for both sexes before puberty. During puberty GHBP correlated only with weight SDS in males (r = 0.60, P less than 0.01). In all age groups studied, no correlation could be found between serum GHBP and height velocity.
JPEG-HDR (2006)

The transition from traditional 24-bit RGB to high dynamic range (HDR) images is hindered by excessively large file formats with no backwards compatibility. In this paper, we demonstrate a simple approach to HDR encoding that parallels the evolution of color television from its grayscale beginnings. A tone-mapped version of each HDR original is accompanied by restorative information carried in a subband of a standard output-referred image. This subband contains a compressed ratio image, which when multiplied by the tone-mapped foreground, recovers the HDR original. The tone-mapped image data is also compressed, and the composite is delivered in a standard JPEG wrapper. To naive software, the image looks like any other, and displays as a tone-mapped version of the original. To HDR-enabled software, the foreground image is merely a tone-mapping suggestion, as the original pixel data are available by decoding the information in the subband. Our method further extends the color range to encompass the visible gamut, enabling a new generation of display devices that are just beginning to enter the market.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE LIPOLYTIC SYSTEM INDUCED IN PLASMA BY HEPARIN INJECTION (1956)

1. When plasma, obtained from rats previously injected with heparin, is passed through a column of a strong anion exchange resin, heparin is retained by the column. 2. The clearing activity of the effluent from the column, as determined with added chyle, is slightly increased by the addition of heparin. 3. When the effluent is incubated for very short periods at 37° C. its clearing activity is destroyed. Incubation at 37° C. in the presence of very small quantities of heparin does not result in rapid destruction of the clearing activity. 4. During the clearing of added chyle by the effluent no marked destruction of clearing activity occurs.
Heart rate detection in highly noisy handgrip electrocardiogram (2008)

This study is to develop the handgrip heart rate detection methodology based on template matching algorithm. A sixth-order Butterworth bandpass filter with a passband of 1 to 30 Hz was used to filter out baseline shift and noise above 30 Hz including power line noise. The resulting QRS waveform will be processed by the matching filter and ready for heart beat detection. The result of detected heart beat will be processed by a weighting function to further minimize the false heartbeat detection. The performance of heart rate detection algorithm was tested under resting and exercising condition. Five Taiwanese male subjects averaged age of 25 were tested. The experimental results showed that the error rates were 0.78% (total of 766 heart beats) at resting condition and 3.83% (total of 3077 heart beats) during exercise.
SIMULATION MODEL FOR PREDICT DRYING IN THE AUTOMATED GRAIN DRYER (2014)

The research was carried out with the objective of developing a simulation model for controlling moisture contentand temperature in the grain drying chamber. Mathematical modeling of deep bed grain drying, consisting of threesets of equations- mass balance equation, drying rate equation and energy balance equation was developed. Avisual basic computer program was developed to simulate the grain drying. Data simulated by the program wascompared with actual experimental data. From the simulated results it was observed that there was a strongcorrelation between moisture content and drying time for both simulated and experimental data (R2=0.929 and0.894 respectively for simulated and actual data). I n addition there was a strong linear correlation betweensimulated and experimental moisture content (R2=0.989). The decrease in moisture content with time wasexponential. Besides, temperature and moisture content were reducing with time while air humidity wasincreasing for both simulated and experimental data. The developed simulation model can be used to predictdrying in the automated grain dryer. With the automation of the drying system, controlling of the dryingenvironment is possible, and this minimizes losses and improves storage of the grains.
Blind adaptation using maximin algorithm (2002)

The maximin algorithm blindly adapts the complex weights of an antenna array to provide interference suppression in a frequency-hopping communication system. In the paper, the algorithm is derived and a digital implementation is presented. A typical example illustrates the ability of the maximin algorithm to rapidly form deep nulls in the directions of interferers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Concomitant combination therapy for HIV infection preferable over sequential therapy with 3TC and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (1996)

Exposure to 3TC of HIV-1 mutant strains containing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-specific mutations in their reverse transcriptase (RT) easily selected for double-mutant viruses that had acquired the characteristic 184-Ile mutation in their RT in addition to the NNRTI-specific mutations. Conversely, exposure of 3TC-resistant 184-Val mutant HIV-1 strains to nine different NNRTIs resulted in the rapid emergence of NNRTI-resistant virus strains at a time that was not more delayed than when wild-type HIV-1(IIIB) was exposed to the same compounds. The RTs of these resistant virus strains had acquired the NNRTI-characteristic mutations in addition to the preexisting 184-Val mutation. Surprisingly, when the 184-Ile mutant HIV-1 was exposed to a variety of NNRTIs, the 188-His mutation invariably occurred concomitantly with the 184-Ile mutation in the HIV-1 RT. Breakthrough of this double-mutant virus was markedly accelerated as compared with the mutant virus selected from the wild-type or 184-Val mutant HIV-1 strain. The double (184-Ile + 188-His) mutant virus showed a much more profound resistance profile against the NNRTIs than the 188-His HIV-1 mutant. In contrast with the sequential chemotherapy, concomitant combination treatment of HIV-1-infected cells with 3TC and a variety of NNRTIs resulted in a dramatic delay of virus breakthrough and resistance development.