gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a signalling molecule involved in bacterial intergeneric communication (2007)

The development of complex multispecies communities such as biofilms is controlled by interbacterial communication systems. We have previously reported an intergeneric communication between two oral bacteria, Streptococcus cristatus and Porphyromonas gingivalis, that results in inhibition of fimA expression. Here, we demonstrate that a surface protein, arginine deiminase (ArcA), of S. cristatus serves as a signal that initiates intergeneric communication. An ArcA-deficient mutant of S. cristatus is unable to communicate with P. gingivalis. Furthermore, arginase activity is not essential for the communication, and ArcA retains the ability to repress expression of fimA in the presence of arginine deiminase inhibitors. These results present a novel mechanism by which intergeneric communication in dental biofilms is accomplished.
Trophoblast deportation in pre‐eclamptic pregnancy (1991)

Trophoblast deportation is increased in pre-eclamptic pregnancy, with both cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast present in the uterine vein blood, but there is no correlation with the severity of the disease. In some cases cytotrophoblast may also enter the peripheral circulation.
A DNA Variant at the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Locus Associates With Coronary Artery Disease in the Caerphilly Heart Study (1995)

The DD genotype is a linkage marker for an etiologic mutation at or near the ACE gene that may confer risk of CAD detectable in subjects previously unidentifiable with "classic" risk factors. However, this risk may be quantitatively small among the general male population.
Analysis of Fusion Using a Virus-Free Cell Fusion Assay (2004)

For enveloped viruses, such as viruses within the herpesvirus family, of which Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member, infection of target cells includes two distinct steps. The first is characterized by the binding of viral envelope glycoproteins to host cellular receptors. After binding, the viral membrane and the cellular membrane fuse. Without both binding and fusion, the virus is not able to enter the host target cell efficiently. Combined with the specific tropism of EBV for primarily two cell types, B lymphocytes and epithelial cells, and the difficulty in inducing lytic replication of EBV in vitro, there is a lack of a good experimental model to study EBV-induced viral fusion. To study fusion more efficiently and effectively, we have employed a virus-free cell-cell fusion assay. In the effector cell, the viral glycoproteins and a plasmid containing the T7 promoter, driving the luciferase gene, are expressed. In the target cell type, T7 RNA polymerase is transfected. Fusion is quantitated by the amount of luciferase expression after mixing of the two cell types. Alongside the fusion assay, a CELISA is performed to determine glycoprotein expression on the effector cells. This methodology has been useful in studying membrane fusion induced by other herpesvirus family members.
Conquering Process Variability: A Key Enabler for Profitable Manufacturing in Advanced Technology Nodes (2006)

Achieving the required time to market with economically acceptable yield levels and maintaining them in volume production has become a very challenging task in the most advanced technology nodes. One of the primary reasons is the relative increase in process variability in each generation. This paper will describe a comprehensive study of the main sources of variability and their effects on active devices, interconnect and ultimately product performance and yield. We will present benchmarking of yield loss components for different product classes. We will then propose several approaches for variability reduction in the design, yield ramp and volume manufacturing phases.
Coarray Synthesis Based on Polynomial Decomposition $ $ (2009)

Synthetic aperture (SA) techniques have been frequently used to reduce the volume and complexity of the imaging systems. A useful tool for designing synthetic aperture configurations is the coarray. This is the virtual aperture that produces in one way the same beam pattern as the SA system in emission and reception. In this correspondence, we propose a new algorithm, based on the polynomial decomposition, that allows to obtain any wanted coarray on a linear array using whatever synthetic aperture configuration. With this fast and simple algorithm, the desired coarray is decomposed into a set of sub-apertures, whose length is determined by the requirements and resources of the system. The result is the set of weights that have to be applied on the sub-apertures to get the desired coarray, and consequently, the wanted beam pattern.
The effect of <i>TOMM40</i> poly‐T length on gray matter volume and cognition in middle‐aged persons with <i>APOE</i><b>ɛ</b>3/<b>ɛ</b>3 genotype (2011)

These findings among APOE ε3/ε3 late middle-aged adults suggest that a subgroup with VL TOMM40 poly-T lengths may be experiencing incipient LOAD-related cognitive and brain changes.
Metabolic inhibition increases activity of connexin-32 hemichannels permeable to Ca<sup>2+</sup> in transfected HeLa cells (2009)

Numerous cell types express functional connexin (Cx) hemichannels (HCs), and membrane depolarization and/or exposure to a divalent cation-free bathing solution (DCFS) have been shown to promote HC opening. However, little is known about conditions that can promote HC opening in the absence of strong depolarization and when extracellular divalent cation concentrations remain at physiological levels. Here the effects of metabolic inhibition (MI), an in vitro model of ischemia, on the activity of mouse Cx32 HCs were examined. In HeLa cells stably transfected with mouse Cx32 (HeLa-Cx32), MI induced an increase in cellular permeability to ethidium (Etd). The increase in Etd uptake was directly related to an increase in levels of Cx32 HCs present at the cell surface. Moreover, MI increased membrane currents in HeLa-Cx32 cells. Underlying these currents were channels exhibiting a unitary conductance of approximately 90 pS, consistent with Cx32 HCs. These currents and Etd uptake were blocked by HC inhibitors. The increase in Cx32 HC activity was preceded by a rapid reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and a rise in free intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). The increase in free [Ca(2+)](i) was prevented by HC blockade or exposure to extracellular DCFS and was virtually absent in parental HeLa cells. Moreover, inhibition of Cx32 HCs expressed by HeLa cells in low-confluence cultures drastically reduced cell death induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation, which is a more physiological model of ischemia-reperfusion. Thus HC blockade could reduce the increase in free [Ca(2+)](i) and cell death induced by ischemia-like conditions in cells expressing Cx32 HCs.
An NMOS operational amplifier for an output buffer of analog LSIs (1982)

The amplifier contains three gain stages to achieve the overall gain of 70 dB and a buffer stage to drive a capacitance of 200 pF. A monolithic NMOS 10-bit D/A converter including this amplifier as an output buffer has exhibited 10-bit absolute linearity.
Storage of Platelets in Additive Solutions: Effects of Phosphate (2000)

Abstract Background and Objectives: In a previous study, low adenine nucleotide levels and a reduced rate of glycolysis were found in platelet concentrates (PCs) prepared by apheresis and stored in a platelet additive solution (PAS). Our objective was to investigate whether the use of PAS with or without phosphate can influence platelet metabolism in a similar way. Materials and Methods: The in vitro effects of storage in either plasma or a PAS (T‐Sol or PAS‐III, both containing citrate, acetate and sodium chloride, PAS‐III containing also phosphate) of buffy‐coat‐de rived pooled platelet concentrates (BC PCs) and apheresis platelets were investigated. The use of PAS implies inclusion of some plasma (20 or 35%). Paired studies over 7 days included investigation of cell counts, pH, PO 2 , PCO 2 , bicarbonate, glucose, lactate, adenine nucleotides, and extracellular adenylate kinase activity as a marker for disintegration of platelets. The expected concentration of phosphate in T‐Sol is 0.6–1.8 mmol/I (with CPD plasma) and 0.2–0.6 mmol/l (with ACD plasma), and in PAS‐III, 15–25 mmol/I (calculated values). Results: BC‐PCs were compared during storage in 35% CPD plasma and 65% PAS (T‐Sol or PAS‐III) (experiment 1), or alternatively 20% CPD plasma and 80% PAS (T‐Sol or PAS‐III) (experiment 3). In both studies, PAS‐III shows similar and significantly higher rates of glycolysis in terms of consumption of glucose (0.06 vs. 0.04 mmol/day/10 11 platelets) and production of lactate (0.11 vs. 0.07 mmol/day/10 11 platelets) compared with T Sol. Levels of pH and adenine nucleotides were similar when 35% plasma was used. With only 20% plasma, significantly higher levels of adenine nucleotides were found with PAS‐III compared to T‐Sol. The storage of apheresis platelets in 35% ACD plasma and 65% PAS (either, T‐Sol or PAS‐III (experiment 5) gave significantly higher values for PAS‐III compared to T‐Sol with regard to consumption of glucose (0.08 vs. 0.06 mmol/day/10 11 platelets), production of lactate (0.14 vs. 0.11 mmol/day/10 11 platelets) and adenine nucleotide levels. Conclusion: With respect to apheresis PCs stored in media containing ACD plasma, our results suggest that the differences found are related to the concentration of phosphate. The results for BC‐PCs stored in media containing CPD plasma suggest that PAS‐III is preferable to T‐Sol as the PAS at plasma concentrations below 35%. The mechanism behind the phenomena observed with BC‐PCs is not known.
Synthetic detergents from animal fats. Disodium alpha‐sulfopalmitate and sodium oleyl sulfate (1952)

Summary Disodium α‐sulfopalmitate and homologous compounds were prepared by sulfonation of the fat acid with liquid sulfur trioxide. Sodium oleyl sulfate was prepared in an estimated 95% purity by sulfation of oleyl alcohol with pyridine‐sulfur trioxide. The solubility, surface tension, wetting, foaming, and detergent properties of these and related compounds were measured. Disodium α‐sulfopalmitate is potentially inexpensive, has adequate surface active properties, is a good detergent in hard and soft water, but has limited solubility at room temperature (0.25% at 25°C.). The lauric and myristic homologs are less surface active, but more soluble. Disodium α‐sulfostearate is less soluble. Sodium oleyl sulfate has excellent solubility, and surface active properties and is an excellent detergent in soft water. It is not quite so efficient in hard water although no insoluble calcium salts are formed. The future of the two compounds will depend upon successful formulation with builders or combinations with soap or other detergents.
Cyclodextrins in Polymer Synthesis:  A Simple and Surfactant Free Way to Polymer Particles Having Narrow Particle Size Distribution (2002)

The free radical polymerization of styrene or methyl methacrylate under semicontinuous conditions in water in the presence of randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) is described. The polymerization reactions were carried out in water with potassium peroxodisulfate as free radical initiator at 80 °C in the presence of different amounts of cyclodextrins. Compared to batch polymerizations, where the water-insoluble polymer precipitates or produces high amounts of coagulum, this new method results in quantitative conversion of the monomers and leads to stable latexes with nearly monodisperse polymer particle size distributions, which are very useful in many technical applications.
‘‘<i>Ab</i> <i>initio</i>’’ liquid water (1993)

An ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of liquid water has been performed using density functional theory in the Kohn–Sham formulation and a plane wave basis set to determine the electronic structure and the forces at each time step. For an accurate description of the hydrogen bonding in the liquid, it was necessary to extend the exchange functional with a term that depends on the gradient of the electron density. A further important technical detail is that supersoft pseudopotentials were used to treat the valence orbitals of the oxygen atoms in a plane wave expansion. The structural and dynamical properties of the liquid were found to be in good agreement with experiment. The ab initio molecular dynamics also yields information on the electronic structure. The electronic feature of special interest is the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the liquid which is the state occupied by a thermalized excess electron in the conductive state. The main result of calculating the liquid LUMO is that it is a delocalized state distributed over interstitial space between the molecules with a significant admixture of the σ* orbitals of the individual water molecules.
Synthetic wavelength interferometry of an optical frequency comb for absolute distance measurement (2018)

We present a synthetic-wavelength based heterodyne interferometer of optical frequency combs with wide consecutive measurement range for absolute distance measurement. The synthetic wavelength is derived from two wavelengths obtained by two band-pass filters. The interferometric phase of the synthetic wavelength is used as a marker for the pulse-to-pulse alignment, which greatly improves the accuracy of traditional peak finding method. The consecutive measurement range is enlarged by using long fiber to increase the path length difference of the reference and measurement arms. The length of the long fiber is stabilized according to the interferometric phase of a CW laser. The experimental results show the present system can realize an accuracy of 75 nm in 350 mm consecutive measurement range.
Optical differential quadrature phase-shift key (oDQPSK) for high capacity optical transmission (2002)

Signaling using oDQPSK offers great potential for application in 10 and 40 Gb/s DWDM transmission systems, offering increased spectral efficiency, relaxed dispersion management and improved PMD tolerance. Practical realization of encoder and decoder functionality through integration should lead to wide system application.
Halide Recognition through Diagnostic “Anion–π” Interactions: Molecular Complexes of Cl<sup>−</sup>, Br<sup>−</sup>, and I<sup>−</sup> with Olefinic and Aromatic π Receptors (2004)

Intense colorations and new charge-transfer absorption bands are observed upon addition of a halide (Cl−, Br−, I−) to neutral organic π acceptors with electron-deficient olefinic and aromatic centers. These phenomena results from noncovalent anion–π interactions (shown schematically), which were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z460337_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Interaction of heparin cofactor II with biglycan and decorin. (1993)

Two small interstitial dermatan sulfate-containing proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, are present in extracellular matrices of skin, tendon, ligament, and cartilage. We investigated the effects of biglycan and decorin on the inhibition of alpha-thrombin by the serine proteinase inhibitor heparin cofactor II. In solution, heparin cofactor II inhibition of thrombin is accelerated by intact biglycan or decorin and by the dermatan sulfate-containing glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains prepared from the proteoglycans, while core protein from cartilage biglycan had no effect. L-Iduronic acid-rich skin decorin and GAG chains had a greater accelerating effect than proteoglycan and GAG chains from cartilage that had lower L-iduronic acid content. Treatment of skin decorin and GAG chains with chondroitinase ABC totally eliminated the ability of these compounds to accelerate thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II suggesting that dermatan sulfate was responsible for this action. Both biglycan and decorin bound to type V collagen in a saturable and specific manner. Biglycan, decorin, and core protein from biglycan competed for decorin binding to the type V collagen, while only the intact proteoglycans competed for biglycan binding. When bound to type V collagen, both biglycan and decorin accelerated the heparin cofactor II/thrombin inhibition reaction as efficiently as the proteoglycans in solution. Our results demonstrate that heparin cofactor II in the presence of biglycan or decorin bound to type V collagen provides a "thromboresistant surface," further suggesting a physiological function for these proteins in regulating the extravascular activities of thrombin.
MUTUAL ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CLOSELY SPACED CHARGED SOLDER DROPLETS (2000)

Emerging technologies of net-form manufacturing and electronic packaging rely on the use of precisely deposited molten metal droplets with sizes of the order of 100 μm in diameter. In many technological realizations, closely spaced droplets are electrostatically charged and deflected onto a substrate in a manner similar to inkjet printing in order to "print" fine features onto a board for electronics applications or onto a substrate for net-form manufacturing. Unlike inkjet printing, the aforementioned emerging technologies require the printing of large lateral dimensions onto the substrate by means of electrostatic charging and deflection (of the order of several centimeters), and hence these applications require the droplets to have significantly higher charges than in inkjet printing technology. The high charges of the closely spaced droplets can lead to interdroplet electrostatic interactions that will cause significant deviations in the droplets' trajectories. Hence, the understanding of the physics of interdroplet electrostatic interactions is of primary importance in order to assure the fidelity of the net-formed component or the printed electronic package. In this work, we present a model that predicts the trajectories of the droplets when charged and deflected and corresponding experimental validations. Conditions for which electrostatic interactions are negligible are sought.
Die handlungstheoretische Perspektive: ein Rahmenkonzept für die sportpsychologische Forschung und Intervention (2004)

Zusammenfassung. Mit diesem Beitrag wird, ausgehend von einer kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit den Unzulänglichkeiten traditioneller psychologischer Grundauffassungen und Schulen, ein integratives theoretisches Rahmenkonzept für sportpsychologische Forschung und Praxis vorgestellt. Das Kernstück bildet dabei die Handlung als intentionale Verhaltensorganisation im situativen Kontext. Demgemäß sind alle psychischen Zustände und Prozesse in ihrem funktionalen Bezug zum Handeln zu betrachten. Die Grundannahmen der handlungstheoretischen Perspektive werden erläutert, insbesondere das System-, Situations- und Intentionspostulat. Abschließend wird auf die Funktionsstruktur von Handlungen mit Bezug auf Handlungsphasen (Antizipation, Realisation und Interpretation) sowie handlungsregulierende Systeme (Automatisches, Emotionales und Kognitives Regulationssystem) näher eingegangen. Damit werden allgemeine theoretische Koordinaten für spezifische psychologische Theorien, für die Entwicklung von Forschungsstrategien sowie eine theoriebasierte Intervention bereitgestellt. Methodisch wird die Handlung im Schnittpunkt von Situations-, Intentions-, Struktur- und handlungsbiographischer Analyse verortet.
Programming-in-the large versus programming-in-the-small (1975)

We distinguish the activity of writing large programs from that of writing small ones. By large programs we mean systems consisting of many small programs (modules), possibly written by different people. We need languages for programming-in-the-small, i.e. languages not unlike the common programming languages of today, for writing modules. We also need a “module interconnection language” for knitting those modules together into an integrated whole and for providing an overview that formally records the intent of the programmer(s) and that can be checked for consistency by a compiler. We explore the software reliability aspects of such an interconnection language. Emphasis is placed on facilities for information hiding and for defining layers of virtual machines.
Multi‐port DC–DC converter for bipolar medium voltage DC micro‐grid applications (2019)

In this study, a new bipolar DC–DC converter based on the combination of a multi‐port dual active bridge and a neutral point clamp topology is proposed. This topology provides the integration of multiple renewable energy sources, with different types and capacities, to a bipolar medium voltage DC micro‐grid. The main advantages of the proposed topology are its high power density and the reduced number of switches with respect to the combination of different converters. Moreover, it provides isolation which is crucial for some micro‐grid power conditioning converters. The proposed converter is employed for a typical hybrid generation system consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a fuel cell (FC), and a battery (BAT) considering the characteristics of each power generation system like maximum power point tracking of PV, optimum operating region of FC and over‐charge/discharge of BAT. In addition, the proposed converter is simulated in different power sharing modes in MATLAB/Simulink software environment. Eventually, the theoretical and simulation analyses are validated by experimental prototype results.
Verifying properties of hardware and software by predicate abstraction and model checking (2005)

This tutorial describes automatic techniques for formally verifying hardware and software by creating Boolean abstractions of the underlying unbounded system state variables.
Mechanism for the Atomic Layer Deposition of Copper Using Diethylzinc as the Reducing Agent: A Density Functional Theory Study Using Gas-Phase Molecules as a Model (2012)

We present theoretical studies based on first-principles density functional theory calculations for the possible gas-phase mechanism of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of copper by transmetalation from common precursors such as Cu(acac)(2), Cu(hfac)(2), Cu(PyrIm(R))(2) with R = (i)Pr and Et, Cu(dmap)(2), and CuCl(2) where diethylzinc acts as the reducing agent. An effect on the geometry and reactivity of the precursors due to differences in electronegativity, steric hindrance, and conjugation present in the ligands was observed. Three reaction types, namely, disproportionation, ligand exchange, and reductive elimination, were considered that together comprise the mechanism for the formation of copper in its metallic state starting from the precursors. A parallel pathway for the formation of zinc in its metallic form was also considered. The model Cu(I) molecule Cu(2)L(2) was studied, as Cu(I) intermediates at the surface play an important role in copper deposition. Through our study, we found that accumulation of an LZnEt intermediate results in zinc contamination by the formation of either Zn(2)L(2) or metallic zinc. Ligand exchange between Cu(II) and Zn(II) should proceed through a Cu(I) intermediate, as otherwise, it would lead to a stable copper molecule rather than copper metal. Volatile ZnL(2) favors the ALD reaction, as it carries the reaction forward.