gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of continuous epidural infusion of fentanyl and fentanyl-bupivacaine for post cholecystectomy pain control. (1990)

Epidural narcotics has been shown to produce profound and long-lasting analgesia. It has been suggested that lipid-soluble narcotics such as fentanyl, because of their short transit time in the CSF, are less likely to be associated with delayed respiratory depression and side effects. We tried to combine low concentrations of fentanyl with bupivacaine to minimize side effects and to see if synergistic effect existed. Forty ASA physical status I or II patients who present for cholecystectomy were included in the trial. Before surgery a thoracic epidural catheter was inserted and pain control began when patients became fully awake and complained of pain in the recovery room after surgery. Patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to one of four groups. Patients in group I were given epidural infusions of fentanyl 0.001%; patients in group 2 received fentanyl 0.001% mixed with bupivacaine 0.1%; patients in group 3 received fentanyl 0.0005%; patients in group 4 received fentanyl 0.0005% mixed with bupivacaine 0.1%. A continuous epidural infusion of these drugs began at a rate of 10 mL/h after a 5-mL bolus of the solution. Pain relief was assessed with visual analogue pain scale. Respiratory rates, vital signs, and mental status were assessed hourly. Except the group 3, the degree of analgesia achieved was similarly satisfactory in all other groups. There was no respiratory depression developed in either group. Motor block was minimal or absent in all groups. The incidence of nausea and pruritus was significant less in group 3 and group 4. In conclusion, the continuous infusion of dilute bupivacaine with fentanyl provides synergistic analgesia with minimal side effects.
Stereoisomeric bio‐inversion key to biosynthesis of firefly <scp>d</scp>‐luciferin (2006)

The chirality of the luciferin substrate is critical to the luciferin-luciferase reaction producing bioluminescence. In firefly, the biosynthetic pathway of D-luciferin is still unclear, although it can be synthesized in vitro from D-cysteine. Here, we show that the firefly produces both D- and L-luciferin, and that the amount of active D-luciferin increases gradually with maturation stage. Studies of firefly body extracts indicate the possible conversion of L-cysteine via L-luciferin into D-luciferin, suggesting that the biosynthesis is enzymatically regulated by stereoisomeric bio-inversion of L-luciferin. We conclude that the selection of chirality in living organisms is not as rigid as previously thought.
Cluster models and the escape of stars (1966)

From an assumed velocity distribution spatial densities can be calculated, and solution of Poisson's equation then leads to a complete cluster model. A number of such models now exist which give density laws close to those actually observed in clusters. These models can be used to calculate the rate of escape of stars, which turns out to depend very strongly on the central concentration of the cluster. The dependence on stellar mass is small.
Fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal wastewater treatment sludge (2020)

PFAS sorbed to sludge degrade to varying degrees when sludge is subjected to hydrothermal liquefaction for production of liquid fuel.
Inhibitory effect of tannins on direct-acting mutagens. (1984)

Remarkably strong inhibition of mutagenicity of 3-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4, 3-b] indole due to direct action of tannins on the mutagen was found. Strong inhibition of mutagenicity of 7β, 8α-dihydroxy-9α, 10α-epoxy-7, 8, 9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo [α] pyrene was observed for the extract of Geranium thunbergii.
Deep Learning Based Text Classification: A Comprehensive Review (2020)

Deep learning based models have surpassed classical machine learning based approaches in various text classification tasks, including sentiment analysis, news categorization, question answering, and natural language inference. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of more than 150 deep learning based models for text classification developed in recent years, and discuss their technical contributions, similarities, and strengths. We also provide a summary of more than 40 popular datasets widely used for text classification. Finally, we provide a quantitative analysis of the performance of different deep learning models on popular benchmarks, and discuss future research directions.
Atmospheric composition of West Africa: highlights from the AMMA international program (2010)

Abstract The atmospheric composition of West Africa reflects the interaction of various dynamical and chemical systems (i.e. biogenic, urban, convective and long‐range transport) with signatures from local to continental scales. Recent measurements performed during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) observational periods in 2005 and 2006 provide new data which has allowed new insight into the processes within these systems that control the distribution of ozone and its precursors. Using these new data and recently published results, we provide an overview of these systems with a particular emphasis on ozone distributions over West Africa during the wet season. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
A modified fluorimetric host cell reactivation assay to determine the repair capacity of primary keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts (2010)

The methodology described in this paper determines the DNA repair capacity in different types of human skin cells. The described transfection protocol is suitable for the transfection of melanocytes, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, reaching efficacies suitable for the detection of the restored plasmids by FACS technology. Therefore the repair capacity of different cell types can be compared with each other. The described assay is also highly flexible, and the activity of other repair mechanisms can be determined using modifications of this method.
Novel Thermal Powered Technology for UUV Persistent Surveillance (2006)

Buoyancy Generation: Various technology attempts include melting a wax, which pushes directly against a piston (U.S. Patent 5,291,847) or against a bladder (Webb Research), using ammonia or Freon 21 (U.S. Patent 5,303,552), and using solar heat to expand an oil (www.space.com, April, 10, 2002). All these heat-activated buoyancy control designs have thus far proved impractical and have ultimately failed during repeated cycling in ocean testing. JPL has demonstrated fully reversible 10 C encapsulated wax phase change, which can be used to change buoyancy without electrical hydraulic pumps. This technique has greatly improved heat transfer and much better reversibility than previous designs. Power Generation: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems have been designed that transfer deep, cold sea water to the surface to generate electricity using turbine cycles with ammonia or water as the working fluid. JPL has designed several UUV systems: 1) Using a propeller water turbine to generate power on a gliding submersible; 2) Employing a compact CO2 turbine cycle powered by moving through thermoclines; and 3) Using melted wax to directly produce power through a piston-geared generator.
The new aims and scope of Arthritis Research & Therapy (2018)

What should the aim, scope and ambition of a journal be? After two years as Editors-in-Chief of Arthritis Research and Therapy, we have been reviewing this question with our Editorial Board; not so much to produce a mission statement, but more to ensure that we continue to be relevant to our community of authors and readers. Names matter. They convey identity and uniqueness. So we spent some time discussing our journal’s name as well as its scope and what niche it should occupy in a crowded and growing field. Most members of the Board like our name. The brand is established, distinctive and we hope conveys the two themes we want to promote; research and therapy. However, we are keen to showcase not just arthritis, but the full range of autoimmune rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions. We hope that our community will agree that we are notable for the breadth, quality and significance of emerging and exploratory studies; from pre-clinical to clinical sciences.
DNA demethylation is directly related to tumour progression: evidence in normal, pre-malignant and malignant cells from uterine cervix samples. (2003)

A computer-assisted assay based on the quantitative analysis of DNA methylation in individual interphase nuclei by indirect immunolabelling with anti-5-methylcytosine antibodies was recently developed in our laboratory. In situ analyses were performed on individual nuclei from normal and experimentally hypo- or hypermethylated cultured cells as well as on human peripheral blood B-lymphocytes from normal and chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) samples. We present the results obtained on cells from patients affected by different degrees of preneoplastic or neoplastic changes of the uterine cervix as compared to normal controls. The analysis of DNA methylation in individual cells from cytofuge samples was performed as follows: within each nucleus the eu- and heterochromatin methylation levels were quantified in the grey scale range by dedicated software in terms of numbers, areas and optical densities (ODs) of the immunolabeled dense heterochromatic regions ("spots"), and of the optical density of nuclear background, i.e., of nuclear euchromatin. Analogously, in randomly chosen microscope fields of tissue sections from paraffin-embedded samples, progressive tissue demethylation was observed in dysplastic and cancer cells as compared to normal ones. Both methods showed significant and progressive DNA hypomethylation in dysplastic and cancer cells as compared to control specimens.
Batch Job Profiling and Adaptive Profile Enforcement for Virtualized Environments (2009)

Data center management is driven by high-level performance goals, and it is the responsibility of a management middleware to ensure that those goals are met using dynamic resource allocation. The performance delivered by the heterogeneous setoff applications running in a virtualized enterprise data center must be predicted to make resource allocation decisions. For some of these applications, it is required to produce accurate profiles based on previous executions: that is thecae of batch jobs.In this paper we propose a methodology to produce resource consumption profiles for batch applications running inside of virtual machines and a technique to enforce and adapt the profiles to actual execution conditions and application performance. For this purpose we have developed a testing prototype. The enforcement technique observes the fact that management middleware usually run in control cycles in which the system can be reconfigured, what imposes a tradeoff between the accuracy of the profiles and their applicability in real deployments.The novel contribution of this work is the study of the trade off between accuracy and applicability of workload profiles, what is a necessary step to enable existing management middleware with the performance prediction mechanisms required to perform effective dynamic resource allocation.
The stakeholder society and the welfare state: Forward to the past! (1999)

(1999). The stakeholder society and the welfare state: Forward to the past! Contemporary Politics: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 121-135.
Boron carbide/<i>n</i>-silicon carbide heterojunction diodes (2001)

The fabrication, initial structural characterization, and diode measurements are reported for a boron carbide/silicon carbide heterojunction diode. Current–voltage curves are obtained for operation at temperatures from 24 to 351 °C. Plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD) -deposited undoped boron carbide material is highly crystalline and consists of a variety of polytypes of boron carbide (BC) with crystal sizes as large as 110 nm. Crystal phases are similar to those for PECVD BC on Si but only partially match known boron and boron-rich BC phases.
Encapsulated Key Escrow (1996)

The main objection to current key-escrow proposals is that they assume complete faith in the authority and its trustees. If the authority does not follow the rules, or is replaced by an un-trustworthy authority tomorrow, it can immediately recover the secret keys of all users, and embark on massive wiretapping. We introduce a new approach tokey escrow called encapsulated key escrow (EKE). With this approach itis computationally possible for an authority to wiretap individual users, but computationally prohibitive for the authority to launch large scale wiretapping. This is achieved by imposing a time delay between obtaining the escrowed information of a user and actually recovering the secret key. Furthermore, the recoverability is veri able at escrow time. The approach is applicable both for session keys and for public key cryptography. EKE is a simple general paradigm, applicable across cryptosystems and key distribution protocols, regardless of their type. It solves in one stroke the problem of imposing time delays in key escrow. In particular it yields the rst time delayed key escrow system for RSA, and more e cient solutions for Di e-Hellman than achievable by the previous approach to time delays, namely partial key escrow (PKE). The idea behind EKE is a new cryptographic tool called a veri able cryptographic time capsule (VCTC). This has broader applications to \\sending information into the future.&amp;quot;
Tyrosines 113, 128, and 145 of SLP-76 are required for optimal augmentation of NFAT promoter activity (1996)

SLP-76 (SH2 domain leukocyte protein of 76 kDa) is a recently identified substrate of the TCR-stimulated protein tyrosine kinases that functions in the signal transduction cascade linking the TCR with IL-2 gene expression. In this report, we demonstrate that engagement of the TCR results in tyrosine phosphorylation of SLP-76 in its amino-terminal acidic region. Two tyrosines (Y113 and Y128) fall within an identical five amino-acid motif and are shown to be phosphorylated upon TCR ligation. Although mutation of either Y113 and Y128 has a minimal effect on SLP-76 function, mutation of both residues decreases significantly the ability of SLP-76 to promote T cell activation. A third tyrosine within the amino-terminal region (Y145) appears to be the most important for optimal SLP-76 function, as altering it alone to phenylalanine has a potent impact on SLP-76 augmentation of NFAT promoter activity.
Aspects of the stabilisation of emulsions by solid particles: Effects of line tension and monolayer curvature energy (2003)

It is well-documented that solid particles can be effective stabilisers of emulsions, and that the type of the emulsion formed is related, inter alia, to the particle wettability. In general it is to be expected that the free energy change accompanying the formation of a solid-stabilised emulsion will be positive and that emulsion stability will therefore be kinetic in nature. Recently work has appeared showing that very small solid particles, with radius around say 15 nm, can be excellent stabilisers of emulsions. This raises the possibility that line tension acting in the three-phase contact lines around adsorbed particles could have an effect on particle adsorption and hence on their effectiveness as emulsion stabilisers. We explore the effects of both positive and negative line tension on the free energy of adsorption of spherical particles at spherically curved liquid interfaces and on the free energy of drop formation. For small particles it is shown that physically realistic values of positive line tension can lead to exclusion of particles from drop interfaces, either by rendering the adsorption free energy positive or by creating energy barriers to adsorption. We also consider the effects of lateral interactions between adsorbed particles on particle adsorption, particularly strong Coulombic repulsion mediated through the oil phase. It is known that the preferred type of emulsions stabilised by surfactants can be accounted for by the existence of a curvature energy possessed by close-packed surfactant monolayers. We show here that close-packed monolayers of spherical particles at a liquid surface also possess curvature energies, and we calculate bending elastic moduli (κ) as a function of particle size, oil/water interfacial tension, line tension and contact angle. For a monolayer of (hypothetical) particles with radius 0.5 nm (similar to that of a low molar mass surfactant), the value of κ is expected to be of the order of kT, just as for surfactant monolayers. It has been assumed in our work that equal spherical particles are hexagonally close-packed around spherical drops. It is well known however that such packing is not possible, but we show in an Appendix that the assumption of hexagonal packing leads to only small errors (in the context) in calculated free energies of emulsion formation and in the calculated bending elastic moduli of particle monolayers.
Definition of a diagnostic routine in individuals with inconclusive serology for chagas disease (2007)

Despite the existence of highly sensitive tests, inconclusive serological results are frequent in chronic chagasic infection. This study aimed to define a diagnostic conduct for 30 individuals with inconclusive serology (G3) for chagasic infection assisted at the Outpatient Unit for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of the Botucatu School of Medicine. Twenty-one individuals with negative serology (G1) and 33 with positive serology (G2) were also studied. Serological methods ELISA, HAI, IFI and immunoblotting TESA-cruzi were used for G1, G2 and G3, and parasitological methods xenodiagnosis, hemoculture and PCR-LIT were used for G2 and G3 individuals. ELISA, HAI and IFI were performed in 5 different blood samples in G2 and G3. TESA-cruzi was carried out only once in G1, G2 and G3 and, since it is the most sensitive, it was utilized as standard. In G3, positivity for ELISA reached 86% in the fifth blood sample; the ELISA+HAI+IFI combination showed a maximum of 44.8% in the second sample; and TESA-cruzi, 76% in one single sample. Xenodiagnosis positivity was 9.4%; hemoculture showed 15.2%; and PCR-LIT exhibited 22% positivity in G2. Nevertheless, in G3, positivity percentage was 3.4% for xenodiagnosis, 6.7% for PCR-LIT, and no positive result was found for hemoculture. In G3, PCR-LIT resolved one case which was still inconclusive according to serology tests. In order to define inconclusive diagnoses, the results suggest the combined use of ELISA+HAI+IFI in 2 blood samples, decreasing the occurrence of false positive/negative results. If results remain inconclusive, the performance of TESA-cruzi and PCR-LIT, if necessary, is recommended.
Role of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 in Interleukin‐6 regulation of prostate cancer cells (2010)

SHP-1 suppresses growth and increases apoptosis in both LNCaP and LNCaP-IL6+ cells, which suggests that SHP-1 could be a therapeutic target in prostate cancer, even when there is an IL-6-related growth advantage.
A single-phase grid-connected PV converter with minimal DC-link capacitor and low-frequency ripple-free maximum power point tracking (2013)

This paper presents a novel single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) converter based on current-fed dual active bridge (CF-DAB) dc-dc converter. The proposed converter allows a minimal DC-link capacitor with large voltage variation without low-frequency effect on maximum power point tracking (MPPT). An advanced control system is developed based on the converter operation principles. Minimized transformer peak current is capable to be achieved through a symmetrical dc voltage control. Simulation results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed PV converter. A 5kW laboratorial prototype is also implemented and the results will be presented later.
A quantitative investigation of hydrogen in the metal-oxide-silicon system using NRA (1990)

The present state of development in the application of resonant nuclear reaction analysis to the direct measurement of hydrogen concentration profiles throughout the metal-oxide-silicon system is presented. Detection limits of less than 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ (10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/) as well as a depth resolution of better than 10 nm are obtained. Limitations of the technique in the study of changes in the hydrogen profiles caused by ex-situ irradiation are discussed. It is shown that the method is sensitive enough to provide the first clear measurements of the hydrogen distribution in bulk SiO/sub 2/ (500-1000 ppma). Evidence is provided which indicates that the dominating source of hydrogen for the bulk SiO/sub 2/ may not be the oxidation process; rather, the surface layer formed through exposure to air, between the oxidation and evaporation processes, may, in some cases, determine the bulk level. Some initial data are presented, directly relating the hydrogen content in MOS structures and the measured changes in interface and oxide charges following /sup 60/Co irradiation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Membrane-Bound D-Gluconate Dehydrogenase from <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic><subtitle>Purification and Structure of Cytochrome-Binding from</subtitle> (1979)

A membrane-bound D-gluconate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.99.3] was solubilized from membranes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and purified to a homogeneous state with the aid of detergents. The solubilized enzyme was a monomer in the presence of at least 0.1% Triton X-100, having a molecular weight of 138,000 on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or 124,000--131,000 on sucrose density gradient centrifugation. In the absence of Triton X-100, the enzyme became dimeric, having a molecular weight of 240,000--260,000 on sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Removal of Triton X-100 caused a decrease in enzyme activity. Enzyme activity was stimulated by addition of phospholipid, particularly cardiolipin, in the presence of Triton X-100. The enzyme had a cytochrome c1, c-554(551), which might be a diheme cytochrome, and it also contained a covalently bound flavin but not ubiquinone. In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the enzyme was dissociated into three components with molecular weights of 66,000, 50,000, and 22,000. The components of 66,000 and 50,000 daltons corresponded to a flavoprotein and cytochrome c1, respectively, but that of 22,000 dalton remained unclear as to its function.
A Predictive Model Towards Site‐Selective Metalations of Functionalized Heterocycles, Arenes, Olefins, and Alkanes using TMPZnCl⋅LiCl (2020)

The development of a predictive model towards site-selective deprotometalation reactions using TMPZnCl⋅LiCl is reported (TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl). The pK<sub>a</sub> values of functionalized N-, S-, and O-heterocycles, arenes, alkenes, or alkanes were calculated and compared to the experimental deprotonation sites. Large overlap (>80 %) between the calculated and empirical deprotonation sites was observed, showing that thermodynamic factors strongly govern the metalation regioselectivity. In the case of olefins, calculated frozen state energies of the deprotonated substrates allowed a more accurate prediction. Additionally, various new N-heterocycles were analyzed and the metalation regioselectivities rationalized using the predictive model.
Variable speed constant frequency stand-alone power generator using wound-rotor induction machine (2004)

Stand-alone, diesel engine-driven synchronous generators have been widely used for emergency supply of plants, isolated islands, etc. Even though the speed of the diesel engine is controlled using high performance governors in order to keep the output frequency constant, the output frequency changes when there is a step change in the load. In this paper, we propose a new stand-alone generator that uses the rotor excitation of a wound-rotor induction machine, an inverter and capacitors. We show that the proposed power generating system maintains a constant amplitude, constant frequency output voltage despite several percentage change in the rotor speed.