gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impaired one carbon metabolism and<scp>DNA</scp>methylation in alcohol toxicity (2014)

Excessive alcohol consumption is a prominent problem and one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity around the world. Long-term, heavy alcohol consumption is associated with a number of deleterious health consequences, such as cancer, heart and liver disease, a variety of neurological, cognitive, and behavioral deficits. Alcohol consumption is also associated with developmental defects. The causes of alcohol-induced toxicity are presently unclear. One of the mechanisms underlying alcohol toxicity has to do with its interaction with folic acid/homocysteine or one-carbon metabolism (OCM). OCM is a major donor of methyl groups for methylation, particularly DNA methylation critical for epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and its disturbance may compromise DNA methylation, thereby affecting gene expression. OCM disturbance mediated by nutrient deficits is a well-known risk factor for various disorders and developmental defects (e.g., neural tube defects). In this review, we summarize the role of OCM disturbance and associated epigenetic aberrations in chronic alcohol-induced toxicity. In this review, we summarize the role of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) aberrations in chronic alcohol-induced toxicity. OCM is a major donor of methyl groups for methylation reactions, particularly DNA methylation critical for epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Alcohol interference with OCM and consequent reduced availability of methyl groups, improper DNA methylation, and aberrant gene expression can play a causative role in alcohol toxicity.
Historical Fire-Climate Relationships in Contrasting Interior Pacific Northwest Forest Types (2017)

Describing the climate influences on historical wildland fire will aid managers in planning for future change. This study uses existing historical climate reconstructions and a new fire history from the southern Blue Mountains in eastern Oregon, USA, to: 1) characterize historical fire-climate relationships, and 2) determine if climatic influences on fire differed among dry sites dominated by ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) and more productive sites with significant older fire intolerant grand fir (Abies grandis [Dougl.] Lindl.) structure. Similar to results from other fire history studies across the American West, this research documents an increased incidence of burning in the southern Blue Mountains prior to 1900 associated with more arid conditions as measured with Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Positive values of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) were associated with fire years when multiple sites burned within the 688 000 ha study area. Although ponderosa pine and grand fir study sites were significantly different with respect to site productivity as well as historical and contemporary species composition, there were only marginal differences in historical mean fire return intervals between these forest types. There was also no significant difference in reconstructed mean temperature, precipitation, drought index, or ENSO during fire years between forest types prior to 1900 CE. However, the years prior to fire in ponderosa pine sites were moister than average, suggesting that antecedent climate was more important in the production of herbaceous fuel in ponderosa pine sites.
La elección entre tipos de inversión directa en el exterior: evidencia empírica de las empresas españolas en China (2005)

Una de las cuestiones que mas interes despierta entre los investigadores del campo de la internacionalizacion empresarial es la seleccion de la estrategia de entrada en un pais extranjero. Actualmente, China es uno de los destinos que esta cobrando una mayor relevancia en la expansion internacional de muchas empresas. En ese contexto, este trabajo examina la influencia de diversos factores empresariales sobre el nivel de compromiso asumido por las companias espanolas que han entrado en China a traves de inversiones directas.
Stacked-crystal filters (1973)

A novel filter device, employing bulk acoustic waves, has been demonstrated experimentally. Inherently simple in construction, miniature and robust, it provides bandwidths of several percent at HF with low insertion loss.
EZH2-mediated epigenetic silencing in germinal center B cells contributes to proliferation and lymphomagenesis (2010)

EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the PRC2 Polycomb complex and mediates transcriptional repression through its histone methyltransferase activity. EZH2 is up-regulated in normal germinal center (GC) B cells and is implicated in lymphomagenesis. To explore the transcriptional programs controlled by EZH2, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-on-chip) in GC cells and found that it binds approximately 1800 promoters, often associated with DNA sequences similar to Droso-phila Polycomb response elements. While EZH2 targets overlapped extensively between GC B cells and embryonic stem cells, we also observed a large GC-specific EZH2 regulatory program. These genes are preferentially histone 3 lysine 27-trimethylated and repressed in GC B cells and include several key cell cycle-related tumor suppressor genes. Accordingly, siRNA-mediated down-regulation of EZH2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells resulted in acute cell cycle arrest at the G(1)/S transition and up-regulation of its tumor suppressor target genes. At the DNA level, EZH2-bound promoters are hypomethylated in GC B cells, but many of them are aberrantly hypermethylated in DLBCL, suggesting disruption of normal epigenetic processes in these cells. EZH2 is thus involved in regulating a specific epigenetic program in normal GCs, including silencing of antiproliferative genes, which may contribute to the malignant transformation of GC B cells into DLBCLs.
Face Detection for Medical Service Robot (2011)

본 논문에서는 의료 서비스로봇을 위한 얼굴추출 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 기존의 얼굴 추출방법의 단점을 보완하여 배경과 조명에 강건한 방법이다. 본 방법은 먼저 평균 이동 알고리즘을 이용하여 배경을 제거하고, 컬러 공간에서 얼굴을 추출한 후 외형 기반의 Haar-like feature 방식으로 최종 얼굴을 검출하게 된다. 제안된 시스템의 효율을 위해 실험을 하였고, 실험결과가 제안된 방법이 의료서비스 로봇에 적용 가능함을 보였다. In this paper, we propose a face detection method for medical service robot. The proposed method is robust in complex background and light. Our method is performed by three steps. Firstly the background is eliminated using mean shift algorithm. Thereafter, based on color space, face is extracted. Finally the object is extracted using Haar-like feature method. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed system, it was tested and experimental results show that the proposed method is applicable for medical service robot.
Prognostic significance of DNA flow cytometric analysis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (1998)

Determination of tumor PI and DNA ploidy state by DNA-FCM at diagnosis of NPC can be potentially useful in selecting a poor prognostic subgroup of NPC patients. These parameters may enable oncologists to plan for more stringent treatment strategies such as hyperfractionated and accelerated radiation therapy or concomitant chemoradiotherapy for these patients.
Gram-positive resistance: challenge for the development of new antibiotics (1997)

The incidence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive organisms is increasing despite advances in antibacterial therapy over the last 20 years. As the pathogens causing these infections are frequently resistant to most currently available antibacterials, they are extremely difficult to treat. Problematic pathogens include strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to beta-lactams and macrolides, viridans group streptococci resistant to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides, enterococci resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin and highly resistant to penicillins and aminoglycosides, and Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin, other beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides and aminoglycosides. Other important pathogens include Streptococcus pyogenes resistant to macrolides (and suspected to be resistant to penicillin), macrolide-resistant streptococci of groups B, C, and G, coagulase-negative staphylococci resistant to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides and glycopeptides, multiresistant strains of Listeria and Corynebacterium and Gram-positive anaerobes, such as Peptostreptococcus and Clostridium, resistant to penicillins and macrolides. Thus, there is an urgent need for new antibacterial agents that are able to overcome multidrug-resistant mechanisms. The novel semisynthetic injectable streptogramin quinupristin/dalfopristin offers the prospect of effective treatment against many of the above pathogens.
PMT electronics for high-resolution powder diffraction of CRISTAL and MARS beamlines (2013)

The design and performance characterization of a multi-crystal X-ray scintillation detector are presented. These set-ups are used on the CRISTAL and MARS beam-lines of SOLEIL. Main topics, such as the measurement of the dead-time of the amplifier, the compromise between the energy resolution and the dead-time, are addressed in this article.
Comparative performance study of space priority mechanisms for ATM networks (2002)

Priorities for buffer access, also called space priorities, are discussed in connection with the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), which is widely accepted as the basis for the future broadband ISDN. The introduction of priorities enables the ATM layer to adapt the quality of the cell transfer to the quality of service requirements of the specific broadband ISDN services in order to improve the utilization of the network resources. A description is given of different space priority mechanisms and their performance evaluation. A comparative performance study of these concepts is given, indicating the good performance characteristics of a simple buffering scheme called partial buffer sharing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effects of Amino Acids and Metals on the Infectivity of Poliovirus Ribonucleic Acid (1974)

ABSTRACT Most amino acids, except cysteine, protected the infectivity of phenol‐extracted poliovirus ribonucleic acid against inactivation during incubation at 37 C. Of these amino acids, histidine was most effective, whereas cysteine enhanced inactivation. Besides cysteine, three sulfhydryl compounds were also examined. Thioglycolic acid exhibited a similar effect as cysteine, but glutathione and mercaptoethanol were protective or enhancing in the inactivation of poliovirus RNA depending on the concentration of the drug. The effect of metal ions was diverse. Cu ++ and Hg ++ reduced the infectivity extensively, whereas Fe 3+ and Al 3+ were protective. Some of other metal ions were more or less inactivating, while the other metal ions examined were not. A protector and an inactivator of infectious RNA antagonized each other.
Occupational and patient exposure as well as image quality for full spine examinations with the EOS imaging system (2014)

As a summary, the estimated effective dose was 290 μSv for an adult; the image quality remains comparable to conventional systems.
Antibodies to ADP-ATP carrier--an autoantigen in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy--impair cardiac function. (1990)

The adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) carrier of the inner mitochondrial membrane is identified as an autoantigen in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Sera of patients with these diseases contain autoantibodies to the ADP-ATP carrier capable of inhibiting nucleotide transport in vitro. Recently, an antibody-related infringement of energy metabolism was shown in intact perfused hearts isolated from guinea pigs immunized with the ADP-ATP carrier. A decreased cytosolic-mitochondrial difference of the phosphorylation potential of ATP was measured that originated from a reduction in mitochondrial-cytosolic nucleotide transport. Nonimmunized animals did not show these changes in energy metabolism, despite being in a comparable metabolic state and performing equal external heart work. To establish whether antibodies to the ADP-ATP carrier can also alter cardiac function, hemodynamic parameters of isolated hearts of guinea pigs that were preimmunized with the carrier protein were measured. Cardiac metabolism was stimulated by exposing the hearts to a high calcium concentration in conjunction with a maximum elevation of the afterload. Mean aortic pressure, stroke volume, stroke work, and external heart work were found to be lowered significantly (p less than 0.005). The external heart work of the immunized hearts reached only about 20% of the level performed by control hearts. Myocardial oxygen consumption was lowered 2.5-fold, whereas the extent of lactate production was found to be more than doubled. These results show a diminished cardiac performance of hearts from animals immunized with the ADP-ATP carrier. Our findings demonstrate that autoimmunity to the ADP-ATP carrier may contribute to the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy as a subsequent stage of myocarditis by causing an autoantibody-mediated reduction in cardiac function on the basis of an imbalance between energy delivery and demand.
High-Performance Thin-Film Transistors from Solution-Processed Dithienothiophene Polymer Semiconductor Nanoparticles (2008)

A new class of solution-processable polymer semiconductors, poly(2,6-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)dithieno[3,2-b;2′,3′-d]thiophene)s, has been synthesized by Stille coupling polymerization of 2,6-bis-trimethyl-stannanyl-dithieno[3,2-b;2′,3′-d]thiophene with 5,5′-dibromo-4,4′-dialkyl-[2,2′]bithiophene in good yields. In thin-film transistors, this polymeric semiconductor has exhibited high field-effect mobility (0.3 cm2/(V s)) and high current on/off ratio (107) when the devices are fabricated and characterized entirely in ambient conditions.
Efficient Delivery of Integrated Wired and Wireless Services in UDWDM-RoF-PON Coherent Access Network (2012)

A high-capacity coherent ultradense wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network integrated with a 60-GHz radio-over-fiber system has been designed and experimentally demonstrated for the first time. In this proposed architecture, millimeter-wave signal generation is achieved by coherent technology, in place of the optical carrier suppression technique, which requires modulators with large bandwidth and precise optical interleavers. The system fully exploits advantages of coherent access networks to provide both multigigabit wired and wireless access services with high spectral and power efficiencies. Successful wireless transmission of multichannel 3.3-Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying signals with 10-GHz channel spacing over 50-km single-mode fiber (SMF-28) has been achieved.
Blind prediction performance of RosettaAntibody 3.0: Grafting, relaxation, kinematic loop modeling, and full CDR optimization (2014)

Antibody Modeling Assessment II (AMA-II) provided an opportunity to benchmark RosettaAntibody on a set of 11 unpublished antibody structures. RosettaAntibody produced accurate, physically realistic models, with all framework regions and 42 of the 55 non-H3 CDR loops predicted to under an Ångström. The performance is notable when modeling H3 on a homology framework, where RosettaAntibody produced the best model among all participants for four of the 11 targets, two of which were predicted with sub-Ångström accuracy. To improve RosettaAntibody, we pursued the causes of model errors. The most common limitation was template unavailability, underscoring the need for more antibody structures and/or better de novo loop methods. In some cases, better templates could have been found by considering residues outside of the CDRs. De novo CDR H3 modeling remains challenging at long loop lengths, but constraining the C-terminal end of H3 to a kinked conformation allows near-native conformations to be sampled more frequently. We also found that incorrect VL -VH orientations caused models with low H3 RMSDs to score poorly, suggesting that correct VL -VH orientations will improve discrimination between near-native and incorrect conformations. These observations will guide the future development of RosettaAntibody.
Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle, Renewal and Isolation (2010)

Heart disease results from the loss of cardiomyocytes following myocardial damage and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Stimulating the endogenous regeneration of cardiomyocytes or isolating them from in vitro culture is an attractive therapeutic strategy. In paper I, the focus is on the cellular growth patterns of murine cardiomyocytes under steady-state conditions. The turnover of cardiomyocytes was accurately established and key gene expression patterns associated with developmentally distinct periods of cardiomyocyte growth and turnover were identified. There was no significant generation of cardiomyocytes in the adult mouse heart. In paper II, the focus is on turnover of human cardiomyocytes . Taking advantage of the integration of 14C generated by nuclear bomb tests during the Cold War into DNA, we were able to accurately establish the age of cardiomyocytes in humans. Through mathematical modeling it was established that cardiomyocytes are renewed at a rate of approximately 1% per year at the age of 20 and 0.4% at the age of 75. In papers III and IV, the focus was the development of isolation strategies for embryonic (paper III & IV) and more mature cardiomyocytes (paper IV). We establish a non-genetic FACS based technique utilizing the surface marker VCAM-1, facilitating the enrichment of embryonic cardiomyocytes (paper III). Additional surface markers are assayed for their potential to isolate cardiomyocytes from other time-points in paper IV. This thesis provides new knowledge in the field of cardiomyocyte kinetics and mitotic activity. In addition we have identified key genes involved in cell cycle control in cardiomyocytes, which are potential candidates for therapeutic manipulation. We have also established a non-genetic FACS based purification method for embryonic cardiomyocytes. Any potential cellular therapy for heart disease involving cardiomyocytes would require the elimination of contaminating non-myocyte cells. A strategy that facilitates a non-genetic method of isolating embryonic cardiomyocytes would also be a powerful tool for the study of such cells.
Molecular weight determination of plasmid DNA using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (1996)

Ionization and molecular weight (MW) determination of megadalton size plasmid DNA has been achieved using electrospray ionization (ESI) with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry. DNA molecules were shown to remain intact through electrospray ionization by collection on a specially prepared surface, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Individual highly charged ions of plasmid DNA produced by ESI were trapped in an FTICR cell for up to several hours and reacted with acetic acid to induce charge state shifts. Measurements of mass-to-charge ratios for these multiple peaks arising from charge state shifting give MW measurements of individual ions with an average accuracy of 0.2%. The MW distribution was obtained by measurements for a number of individual ions from the same sample [plasmid DNA: pGEM-5S MW(cal) = 1.946 MDa], yielding a MW(obs) of 1.95 +/- 0.07 MDa for ions clustered in the vicinity of the expected MW.
Thermal creep force: analysis and application (2016)

The existence of two motive forces on a Crookes radiometer has complicated the investigation of either force independently. The thermal creep shear force, in particular, has been subject to differing interpretations of the direction in which it acts and its order of magnitude. A horizontal vane radiometer design is provided, which isolates the thermal creep shear force. The horizontal vane radiometer is explored through experiment, kinetic theory, and the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The qualitative agreement between the three methods of investigation is good. The quantitative agreement between the three methods of investigation is better than an order of magnitude in the cases examined. The thermal creep force is found to act from the hot side to the cold side of the vane. The peak in the radiometer's angular speed as a function of pressure is found to be explained as much by the behavior of the drag force as by the behavior of the thermal creep force. In addition, this dissertation provides scaling laws between millimeter-scale and micron-scale horizontal vane radiometers, a design of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) horizontal vane radiometer, and conceptual designs of two MEMS energy harvesting devices that exploit the thermal creep force.
The mechanism of oxidation of α-glycols by periodic acid. Part X. The oxidation of pinacol, and a general discussion of the stability of periodate esters and their role in the mechanism of oxidation (1971)

The kinetics of oxidation of pinacol by periodate have been studied at 0° and 25° over the range pH 0–13. The kinetics are second order except at 0° and pH >11. Under the latter conditions, with excess pinacol, the kinetics are those of consecutive first-order reactions, showing that an intermediate is being formed in appreciable concentration. Several features of the kinetics resemble closely those observed for the formation of the cyclic ester from propane-1,2-diol and periodate. It is concluded that the oxidations of pinacol and propane-1,2-diol by periodate proceed via a mechanism which is probably common to all oxidations of 1,2-diols by periodate, viz. the formation of a periodate monoester, followed by ring-closure to a cyclic ester, then decomposition of a monoanion of the cyclic ester to the reaction products. The stages of the mechanism are discussed in detail, and it is shown that the different types of pH dependence observed in the oxidation of 1,2-diols by periodate can be readily accommodated by this mechanism. The stability of the periodate esters is discussed, and it is concluded that the general order of stability of esters containing six-co-ordinated iodine is: cyclic triester > cyclic diester (5-membered ring) > cyclic diester (6-membered ring) > monoester. A comparison of the acid strengths of H5IO6 and cyclic periodate esters suggests that the periodiate di- and tri-anions are appreciably dehydrated in aqueous solution to HIO52– and IO53–.
Vasoconstrictor activity and percutaneous absorption of glucocorticosteroids. A direct comparison (1969)

The glucocorticosteroids, (1) fluocinolone (F), (2) fluocinolone acetonide (FA), (3) fluocinolone acetonide acetate (FAA), (4) betamethasone 17-valerate (BV), and (5) betamethasone (B) were tested for vasoconstrictor potency in vivo and ability to penetrate human and hairless mouse skin in vitro. BV and B penetrate skin at the same rate but are different by over 100-fold with regard to vasoconstrictor potency. FA penetrates skin better than F and is also more potent as a vasoconstrictor. FAA is superior to FA in vasoconstriction but about the same in ability to penetrate skin.