gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroconvulsive shock treatment differentially modulates cortical and subcortical endocannabinoid activity (2007)

Previous studies indicate that the endocannabinoid system is a potential target for the treatment of depression. To further examine this question we assessed the effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) treatment, both a single session and 10 daily sessions, on endocannabinoid content, CB(1) receptor binding parameters and CB(1) receptor-mediated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala. A single ECS session resulted in a general reduction in the binding affinity of the CB(1) receptor in all brain regions examined, as well as reductions in N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide) content in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, reduced hydrolysis of anandamide by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the prefrontal cortex and an increase in the binding site density of the CB(1) receptor in the amygdala. Following 10 ECS sessions, all these effects subsided except for the reductions in anandamide content in the prefrontal cortex, which increased in magnitude, as well as the reductions in FAAH activity in the prefrontal cortex. Additionally, repeated ECS treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the binding site density of the CB(1) receptor in the prefrontal cortex, but did not alter CB(1) receptor-mediated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding. Repeated ECS treatment also significantly enhanced the sensitivity of CB(1) receptor-mediated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding in the amygdala. Collectively, these data demonstrate that ECS treatment results in a down-regulation of cortical and an up-regulation of subcortical endocannabinoid activity, illustrating the possibility that the role of the endocannabinoid system in affective illness may be both complex and regionally specific.
Activator-specific requirement of properdin in the initiation and amplification of the alternative pathway complement (2007)

Properdin is a positive regulator of alternative pathway (AP) complement. The current understanding of properdin function is that it facilitates AP complement activation by stabilizing the C3 convertase C3bBb. Properdin-deficient patients are susceptible to lethal meningococcal infection, but the mechanism of this selective predisposition is not fully understood. By gene targeting in the mouse, we show here that properdin is essential for AP complement activation induced by bacterial lipopolysacharride (LPS) and lipooligosacharride (LOS) and other, but not all, AP complement activators. LPS- and LOS-induced AP complement activation was abolished in properdin-/- mouse serum, and properdin-/- mice were unable to clear Crry-deficient erythrocytes, which are known to be susceptible to AP complement-mediated extravascular hemolysis. In contrast, zymosan- and cobra venom factor-induced AP complement activation, and classical pathway-triggered AP complement amplification were only partially or minimally affected in properdin-/- mice. We further show that the ability of human properdin to restore LPS-dependent AP complement activity in properdin-/- mouse serum correlated with the human properdin-binding affinity of the LPS. These results reveal a novel role of properdin in AP complement initiation and have implications for understanding the selective predisposition of properdin-deficient patients to meningococcal infection.
Crystal structure of syndiotactic polypropylene (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure of syndiotactic polypropyleneClaudio De Rosa and Paolo CorradiniCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 21, 5711–5718Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00073a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1032Altmetric-Citations193LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Translocations and deletions of 5q13.1 in myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia: evidence for a novel critical locus (1996)

Acquired partial and complete deletions of chromosome 5 (5q-, -5) are common cytogenetic anomalies associated with myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A critical region of consistent loss at 5q31.1 (in > 90% of cases) has led us and others to postulate the presence of a key negative regulator(s) of leukemogenesis. Although the interstitial deletion limits vary among patients, del(5) (q13q33) and del(5)(q13q35) constitute major subsets. Furthermore, it is not rare to encounter deletions, translocations, or paracentric inversions involving 5q11 to 5q13, which indicates inactivation or disruption of important gene(s) at that locus. In this report, we have localized a novel locus at 5q13.1 to a 2.0-Mb interval between the anonymous markers D5S672 and GATA-P1804. This locus resided within the region of loss in 12 of 27 patients with anomalies of chromosome 5; one of these cases had apparent retention of both alleles of all the telomeric loci. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies demonstrate that the AML cell line ML3 is disrupted at 5q13.1 by a translocation involving chromosome 3, with apparent retention of the entire chromosome 5 sequence. Our results suggest that this novel proximal locus encodes a critical gene that may be deleted or disrupted in a subset of MDS/AML patients with chromosome 5 anomalies.
A novel locus conferring fluoroquinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (1991)

Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are potent antimicrobial agents that antagonize the A subunit of DNA gyrase. We selected and mapped a novel fluoroquinolone resistance gene on the Staphylococcus aureus chromosome. Resistant mutants were selected with ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin and were uniformly localized to the A fragment of chromosomal DNA digested with SmaI and arrayed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Several mutants (cfxB, ofxC) were genetically mapped between the thr and trp loci in the A fragment. A majority of A fragment fluoroquinolone resistance mutations were associated with reduced susceptibility to novobiocin, an antagonist of the B subunit of DNA gyrase. Two genes previously associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, the gyrA gene of DNA gyrase and the norA gene (associated with decreased drug accumulation), were localized to the G and D fragments, respectively. Thus, the fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in the A fragment are distinct from previously identified fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA and norA. Whether mutations in the A fragment after a second topoisomerase or another gene controlling supercoiling or affect drug permeation is unknown.
Cloning and expression of a human P2U nucleotide receptor, a target for cystic fibrosis pharmacotherapy. (1994)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
EEG-based attention-driven speech enhancement for noisy speech mixtures using N-fold multi-channel Wiener filters (2017)

Hearing prostheses have built-in algorithms to perform acoustic noise reduction and improve speech intelligibility. However, in a multi-speaker scenario the noise reduction algorithm has to determine which speaker the listener is focusing on, in order to enhance it while suppressing the other interfering sources. Recently, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to detect auditory attention using electroencephalography (EEG). In this paper, we use multi-channel Wiener filters (MWFs), to filter out each speech stream from the speech mixtures in the micro-phones of a binaural hearing aid, while also reducing background noise. From the demixed and denoised speech streams, we extract envelopes for an EEG-based auditory attention detection (AAD) algorithm. The AAD module can then select the output of the MWF corresponding to the attended speaker. We evaluate our algorithm in a two-speaker scenario in the presence of babble noise and compare it to a previously proposed algorithm. Our algorithm is observed to provide speech envelopes that yield better AAD accuracies, and is more robust to variations in speaker positions and diffuse background noise.
Energy-based ablative therapy of prostate cancer: high-intensity focused ultrasound and cryoablation (2007)

These minimally invasive techniques are not magic bullets, and patients must be informed accordingly. Focal ablation of the prostate segment with the index cancer would minimize morbidity and therefore appears highly appealing. Its success depends on correct localization of the lesion. Until this is achieved with sufficient reliability by appropriate biopsy or imaging techniques it remains strictly experimental.
Surface texturing of copper by sputter etching with applications for solar selective absorbing surfaces (1980)

Solar selective absorbing surfaces have been produced by texturing copper specimens in a novel magnetron cosputtering system which allows high rate sputter etching of a moving metal plate seeded with low sputter rate material. Unusual topographical features have been produced on copper in this apparatus using titanium seed. The variation of optical properties and surface morphology of the copper as a function of sputter etching conditions has been studied. Typical selective surfaces produced have absorptances α∠0.90 and emittances ε∠0.10 at 300 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Preussin (I), a Novel Antifungal Agent. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preclinical study of a “tailor-made” combination of NK4-expressing gene therapy and gefitinib (ZD1839, Iressa™) for disseminated peritoneal scirrhous gastric cancer (2005)

We evaluated the effect of a "tailor-made" chemo-gene therapy in scirrhous gastric cancer (SGC)-bearing nude mice. For this tailor-made approach, we first selected gefitinib (epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor)-sensitive SGC cell lines, and 5/8 cell lines demonstrated various degrees of gefitinib-sensitivity. In the highly gefitinib-sensitive NUGC-4, the biological response to NK4 (HGF antagonist/angiogenesis inhibitor) was examined. Subsequently, the composition of an NK4-expressing ternary complex (cationic lipid/nucleic acid/HMG-1, 2 protein) was optimized for maximum transfection activity in NUGC-4. Finally, mice were peritoneally coinoculated with NUGC-4 and scirrhous-associated gastric fibroblasts, NF22, on day 0. Animal models were orally administrated gefitinib (50 mg/kg/day, on days 7-28), and peritoneally NK4-expressing ternary complex (on days 14, 21 and 28). NK4-expression suppressed the gefitinib-resistance induced by the interaction between fibroblasts and SGC, and eventually, this tailor-made combination synergistically decelerated the disease progression by inhibiting proliferative, angiogenic and antiapoptotic effects in tumor tissues. On day 28, both the hemoglobin concentration (g/dl) (control (n = 8), 11.9; treated (n = 8), 17.3; p = 0.0014) and the numbers of mice in good condition (control, 2; treated, 8; p = 0.0012) were significantly greater, and the abdominal girth (mm) (control, 81.1; treated, 70.3; p = 0.0036) was significantly reduced. The median points of bloody ascite-free survival time (days) (control, 22; treated, 44; p < 0.0001) and time to euthanasia (days) (control, 36.5; treated, 56; p < 0.0001) were also significantly prolonged. This combination is a potentially useful approach to the treatment of peritoneal gefitinib-sensitive SGC dissemination.
Simulated annealing for mapping DSP algorithms onto multiprocessors (2002)

To solve a real-time DSP problem using a multiprocessor, one first chooses a mathematical algorithm, and then considers ways of mapping this algorithm onto multiprocessors. To date, most mappings are devised via "intuition" and "rules of thumb". However, an alternative approach utilizing optimization techniques has shown promise. With the latter approach, it is essential to define a good cost function. The authors begin by considering the fidelity of cost functions found in the literature. Then, they propose new or modified cost functions which improve upon the old via better modeling of communication and idle time. Empirical evidence shows that the new functions provide move accurate models of the desired quantity, namely execution time. These new functions are developed through a case study of the recursive least squares problem. The authors show that with an appropriate cost function this optimization approach can generate mappings as good as published "intuitive" mappings. They conclude by applying this technique to two other problems of interest to the DSP community: full QR and radix-2 FFTs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of “Laser Ablation Direct Analysis in Real Time Imaging” Mass Spectrometry: Application to Spatial Distribution Mapping of Metabolites Along the Biosynthetic Cascade Leading to Synthesis of Atropine and Scopolamine in Plant Tissue (2017)

Methods for the accomplishment of small-molecule imaging by mass spectrometry are challenged by the need for sample pretreatment steps, such as cryo-sectioning, dehydration, chemical fixation, or application of a matrix or solvent, that must be performed to obtain interpretable spatial distribution data. Furthermore, these steps along with requirements of the mass analyzer such as high vacuum, can severely limit the range of sample types that can be analyzed by this powerful method. Here, we report the development of a laser ablation-direct analysis in real time imaging mass spectrometry approach which couples a 213 nm Nd:YAG solid state UV laser to a direct analysis in a real time ion source and high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This platform enables facile determination of the spatial distribution of small-molecules spanning a range of polarities in a diversity of sample types and requires no matrix, vacuum, solvent, or complicated sample pretreatment steps. It furnishes high-resolution data, can be performed under ambient conditions on samples in their native form, and results in little to no fragmentation of analytes. We demonstrate its application through determination of the spatial distribution of molecules involved in the biosynthetic cascade leading to formation of the clinically relevant alkaloids atropine and scopolamine in Datura leichhardtii seed tissue.
Consistency Checking for MOS/VLSI Circuits (1983)

A general algorithm is presented for consistency checking between schematics. A transistor level schematic is partitioned into functional blocks by tracing direct current paths. The first level consistency check is performed on the directed graphs constructed from these functional blocks. A recursive, graph matching algorithm is introduced to find signal correspondences in the functional blocks. The second level check is performed within the functional blocks for either identical component connectivity or logic equivalence. Performance of the program is demonstrated using an NMOS chip.
Circulating Obestatin Concentration is Lowered by Insulin in Rats (2011)

Circulating obestatin is lowered by food intake, but factors involved in obestatin regulation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether intravenous glucose or insulin infusion lowers obestatin. Rats were infused over 3 h with either A. saline (controls); B. dextrose to steady state blood glucose ~16.7 mM, or C. insulin 7.5 mU/kg.min, plus dextrose as needed to clamp to euglycemic basal concentrations. During 3 h of infusion, group B had significantly greater (P<0.01) glucose, 18.75±1.27 mM, than groups A (6.10±0.33 mM) or C (6.19±0.18 mM). Groups B and C had hyperinsulinemia at the end of the 3 h infusion (1.02±0.03 ng/ml, 1.07±0.02 ng/ml) compared with saline-infused (0.38±0.01 ng/ml, P<0.01). Obestatin concentrations were significantly reduced (P<0.01) in both hyperinsulinemic groups and (B=0.95±0.06 ng/ml; C=0.87±0.04 ng/ml) versus controls (1.56±0.13 ng/ml). These data suggest that insulin can decrease the plasma obestatin levels.
[A method for extracting basic rhythms of EEG via wavelet analysis]. (2006)

As basic electrophysiology signals of a human being, electroencephalogram (EEG) has been widely used in researches and clinics. The paper proposes a method for extracting rhythms of EEG, based on wavelet analysis. By using Daubechies mother wavelet, raw EEG is decomposed, and then we extract basic rhythms of EEG after interference is eliminated insome scales. This method not only eliminates interference well, but also extracts rhythms perfectly.
Effect of acetylcholine on glycogen phosphorylase activity and cyclic nucleotide content in isolated perfused rat hearts. (1976)

President Roosevelt has appreciated Frederick Getman Fincke's support and would like him to spend a night at the White House.
Interactions of DNA-binding proteins with the 5′ region of the human transferrin gene. (1988)

We have established by transient expression experiments that the 620 base pairs upstream of the cap site of the human transferrin gene contain the information necessary for efficient expression of the gene in hepatoma cells HepG2 or Hep3B but not in HeLa cells. DNase I footprint analysis reveals that at least five distinct factors present in human or rat liver nuclear extracts interact with different sites of this region. One of these factors, binding to nucleotides -193 to -162, is closely related to or identical with the eukaryotic factor CCAAT-binding transcription factor/nuclear factor I; another one, binding to nucleotides -103 to -83 seems to be related to the CCAAT-binding protein. The binding sites of two other factors, not recognized by HeLa nuclear proteins, each contain an identical 10-nucleotide-long sequence (5' TCTTTGACCT 3') in reverse orientation, separated by 400 base pairs. Results of gel retardation assays, cross-competition experiments, and heat inactivation strongly suggest that the proteins binding to these sites are different. One of these sequences and the binding site of the CCAAT-binding protein related factor are located in the region between nucleotides -119 and -45. We have shown by transient expression experiments with 3' deleted vectors that this region is functionally essential for human transferrin gene expression.
Lipid Structure and Not Membrane Structure Is the Major Determinant in the Regulation of Protein Kinase C by Phosphatidylserine (1998)

This study addresses the molecular basis for protein kinase C's specific activation by phosphatidylserine. Specifically, we ask whether protein kinase C's phospholipid specificity arises from specific protein/lipid interactions or whether it arises from unique membrane-structuring properties of phosphatidylserine. We measured the interaction of protein kinase C betaII to membranes that differed only in being enantiomers to one another: physical properties such as acyl chain composition, membrane fluidity, surface curvature, microdomains, headgroup packing, and H-bonding with water were identical. Binding and activity measurements reveal that protein kinase C specifically recognizes 1, 2-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine, independently of membrane structure. High-affinity binding and activation are abolished in the presence of enantiomeric membranes containing 2,3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine, 2, 3-sn-diacylglycerol, and 2,3-sn-phosphatidylcholine. Our data also show that the stereoselectivity for 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol is not absolute; 2,3-sn-diacylglycerol modestly increases the membrane affinity of protein kinase C provided that 1, 2-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine is present. We also find that the stereochemistry of the bulk phospholipid, in this case phosphatidylcholine, has no significant influence on protein kinase C's membrane interaction. These data reveal that specific molecular determinants on protein kinase C stereospecifically recognize structural determinants of phosphatidylserine.
Human brain tumors and exposure to metal and non-metal elements: a case-control study. (1998)

In a bivariate analysis, a statistically significant association was observed between the presence of brain tumors and the concentrations of silicon (p = 0.01), magnesium (p = 0.01), and calcium (p = 0.03). Zinc was also associated with a borderline significance (p = 0.05). No association was observed for nickel (p = 0.74). Although the magnitude of the observed association was estimated using multiple logistic regression analyses, the relative risk estimates were imprecise because of insufficient sample size. Further research using a larger sample size is needed to elucidate the role of these elements in human brain carcinogenesis.
Selective Control of Composition in Prussian White for Enhanced Material Properties (2019)

Sodium-ion batteries based on Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are ideal for large-scale energy storage applications due to the ability to meet the huge volumes and low costs required. For Na2–xFe[Fe(CN)6]1–y·zH2O, realizing its commercial potential means fine control of the concentration of sodium, Fe(CN)6 vacancies, and water content. To date, there is a huge variation in the literature of composition leading to variable electrochemical performance. In this work, we break down the synthesis of PBAs into three steps for controlling the sodium, vacancy, and water content via an inexpensive, scalable synthesis method. We produce rhombohedral Prussian white Na1.88(5)Fe[Fe(CN)6]·0.18(9)H2O with an initial capacity of 158 mAh/g retaining 90% capacity after 50 cycles. Subsequent characterization revealed that the increased polarization on the 3 V plateau is coincident with a phase transition and reduced utilization of the high-spin Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. This reveals a clear target for subsequent improvements of the material to boost long-term cycling stability. These results will be of great interest for the myriad of applications of PBAs, such as catalysis, magnetism, electrochromics, and gas sorption.