gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Report Generator (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Review of Report Generators Concepts and Definitions Report Generator: System Architecture Report‐Generating Tools Conclusion Acknowledgement
Additive Manufacturing of Casting Tools Using Powder-Binder- Jetting Technology (2016)

This chapter presents the use of the additive manufacturing (AM) method powder-binder-jetting (PBJ) for the generation of molds and cores for casting applications. Theoretical information on process steps and the binding of particles is given. For the based chemistry, examples are presented and the transfer from conventional production processes to powder-binder-jetting is explained. For sand as a material for metal casting, methods to determine key properties for the casting are in focus. The figures found by our research activities reach up to that of conventional production and indicate the readiness of the technology. These cavities produced by powder-binder-jetting can even be used for cold casting materials such as concrete. Several demonstrators show the impact of this application. A polymer process for the investment casting process is topic of an additional section. To understand this process, theoretical information and figures determined by measurements are presented.
The possible deleterious effects of the intramyometrial injection of hypertonic urea. (1976)

Hypertonic urea has been shown to be an effective midtrimester abortifacient. Although safer than hypertonic saline when injected intravascularly, it has not been compared to saline in the case of inadvertent intramyometrial injection. This report documents that intramyometrial injection of hypertonic urea will result in the same type of muscle necrosis as that produced by saline.
Ultra Low Power Circuit Design Using Tunnel FETs (2012)

The proliferation of ubiquitous and mobile computing systems has created a new segment in the design space where energy efficiency is the most critical design parameter. With the end user expecting more functionality from these types of systems, there is a pressing need to evaluate emerging technologies that can overcome the limitations of CMOS. This work evaluates the potential of one such prospective MOSFET replacement device - the Tunnel FET (TFET). Novel circuit designs are presented to overcome unique design challenges posed by TFETs. The impacts of the proposed design techniques are characterized and a sparse prefix tree adder employing the proposed designs is presented. A considerable improvement in delay and significant reduction in energy is observed due to the combined impact of circuit and technology co-exploration.
Screening of anaerobic bacteria with the ability to decolorize molasses melanoidin. (1988)

The screening of facultative anaerobes with melanoidin-decolorizing activity (MDA) was performed, and some strains were isolated from stored waste water of an alcohol fermentation involving molasses. One of them, strain W-NS, showed high and stable MDA, and was identical with Lactobacillus hilgardii. The decolorization yield of this strain under the optimal conditions was only 28%, however, it was improved to 40% by immobilization of cells within Ca-alginate gel. Unlike Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, this strain decolorized smaller molecular weight fractions of melanoidin, quickly. Also, the MDA of this strain toward various synthetic melanoidin was quite different from that of Basidiomycetes.
Land vehicle antennas for satellite mobile communications (1985)

Antenna designs applicable to future satellite mobile vehicle communications are examined. Microstrip disk, quadrifilar helix, cylindrical microstrip, and inverted V and U crossed-dipole low gain antennas (3-5 dBic) that provide omnidirectional coverage are described. Diagrams of medium gain antenna (9-12 dBic) concepts are presented; the antennas are classified into three types: (1) electronically steered with digital phase shifters; (2) electronically switched with switchable power divider/combiner; and (3) mechanically steered with motor. The operating characteristics of a conformal antenna with electronic beam steering and a nonconformal design with mechanical steering are evaluated with respect to isolation levels in a multiple satellite system. Vehicle antenna pointing systems and antenna system costs are investigated.
Two Human Gene Families Display Preferences for Different Nucleotides and Have Distinct Codon Usage Patterns (2000)

Analysis of base composition has proven important for functional gene analysis. By comparing base composition and codon usage between two specific human gene families we were able to show a highly conserved nucleotide distribution among the members of one gene family and a significant difference between the two families. The two groups selected for analysis were the human factor H gene family, which represents six secreted human plasma proteins with functions in immune defense, and a class of four human zinc finger proteins, termed early growth response (EGR) proteins, which represent DNA-binding transcription factors. The nucleotide distribution of each gene family is distinct: members of the factor H gene family represent AT-rich genes, displaying an overall AT nucleotide content of 62.8% and a particular preference for A nucleotides (33.9%). In contrast, the EGR genes are GC-rich (55.9%) and C nucleotides are used in 31.2%. This nucleotide difference affects codon usage among synonymous codons and is considered of biological significance, as it affects DNA stability. The codon preference is particularly high at codon position 3, where each family selects for codons which have the preferred nucleotide at this silent third position. At position 3, A nucleotides are preferred by factor H genes in 36.3% of the 2, 503 codons analyzed, compared to 10% of the 1,876 codons analyzed for the EGR family. In contrast, C nucleotides are used by the EGR family in 48.1%, compared to 16% of the triplets used by the factor H gene family. This comparison of two human gene families shows that nucleotide distribution and codon usage is not uniform within the human organism and the described differences most likely represent selection constraints between the polymorphic factor H and highly conserved EGR genes.
HIF-2α regulates Oct-4: effects of hypoxia on stem cell function, embryonic development, and tumor growth (2006)

The division, differentiation, and function of stem cells and multipotent progenitors are influenced by complex signals in the microenvironment, including oxygen availability. Using a genetic "knock-in" strategy, we demonstrate that targeted replacement of the oxygen-regulated transcription factor HIF-1alpha with HIF-2alpha results in expanded expression of HIF-2alpha-specific target genes including Oct-4, a transcription factor essential for maintaining stem cell pluripotency. We show that HIF-2alpha, but not HIF-1alpha, binds to the Oct-4 promoter and induces Oct-4 expression and transcriptional activity, thereby contributing to impaired development in homozygous Hif-2alpha KI/KI embryos, defective hematopoietic stem cell differentiation in embryoid bodies, and large embryonic stem cell (ES)-derived tumors characterized by altered cellular differentiation. Furthermore, loss of HIF-2alpha severely reduces the number of embryonic primordial germ cells, which require Oct-4 expression for survival and/or maintenance. These results identify Oct-4 as a HIF-2alpha-specific target gene and indicate that HIF-2alpha can regulate stem cell function and/or differentiation through activation of Oct-4, which in turn contributes to HIF-2alpha's tumor promoting activity.
Improvement of prostate cancer screening by determination of the ratio free/total PSA in addition to PSA levels (1997)

These results show that the ratio of free/total PSA is a useful determination and can improve specificity of prostate cancer screening.
Global Solutions to the Challenges of Setting up and Managing a Stem Cell Laboratory (2011)

In recent years, stem cell research has made major contributions to our understanding of biology. The ability to reprogramme somatic cells to stem cells of desired potency has made this exciting area of research accessible to almost every laboratory, in spite of varying ethical, political and economic scenarios. The promise of stem cell research in making regenerative medicine accessible has further attracted clinicians, materials scientists, chemists, physicists and other non-specialists to this field of research. While this situation is desirable, the novice usually faces the daunting task of setting up and maintaining a stem cell laboratory, often without access to local expertise. Researchers allocate a significant amount of resource to keep their approach technologically advanced. Delivery of robust and reliable data (i.e. achieving reliable and reproducible stem cell cultures for experimentation) is often neglected. This can result in disruption and delay in laboratory work and at worst, wasted research resource and even retraction of publications. This document lays out fundamental issues to be addressed in the establishment of a stem cell culture laboratory. The aim is to provide guidance on ways to overcome many challenges to smooth operation, encountered in varying climates and environments. Parts of this overview are modeled on the Guidance on Good Cell Culture Practice [3] and should be considered as an 'aide memoire' to complement existing guidelines. This guidance originated from experience gained by the authors in the establishment of multiple cell culture laboratories and training students in different countries with widely different environmental conditions in Northern Europe and in India.
Environmental Remediation and Conversion of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) into Useful Green Products by Accelerated Carbonation Technology (2010)

This paper reviews the application of carbonation technology to the environmental industry as a way of reducing carbon dioxide (CO(2)), a green house gas, including the presentation of related projects of our research group. An alternative technology to very slow natural carbonation is the co-called 'accelerated carbonation', which completes its fast reaction within few hours by using pure CO(2). Carbonation technology is widely applied to solidify or stabilize solid combustion residues from municipal solid wastes, paper mill wastes, etc. and contaminated soils, and to manufacture precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). Carbonated products can be utilized as aggregates in the concrete industry and as alkaline fillers in the paper (or recycled paper) making industry. The quantity of captured CO(2) in carbonated products can be evaluated by measuring mass loss of heated samples by thermo-gravimetric (TG) analysis. The industrial carbonation technology could contribute to both reduction of CO(2) emissions and environmental remediation.
Eventos adversos en pacientes bajo régimen de ventilación mecánica (2016)

ldentificar los eventos adversos en pacientes bajo régimen de ventilación mecánica en la unidad de cuidados intensivos polivalentes de Cienfuegos-Cuba. Metodología Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo realizado durante los meses de agosto de 2015 a febrero de 2016. El universo estuvo constituido por 155 pacientes ingresados en el servicio bajo régimen de ventilación mecánica durante el período de estudio. Se utilizó el formulario internacional de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMlCYUC) tomando los ítems relacionados con la ventilación mecánica. Se entregó un formulario para cada paciente a su ingreso, diligenciado por personal de enfermería y médicos de asistencia, para la notificación de forma voluntaria y anónima de los eventos adversos sucedidos. Resultados De los 158 pacientes 41 presentaron algún tipo de evento adverso (25,9%): 14 de ellos (8,9%) desarrollaron neumonía, 10 (6,3%) atelectasia, 9 (5,7%) desconexión accidental y 8 (5,0%) extubación no programada. En cuanto a la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica, los gérmenes más frecuentes en los cultivos de las secreciones traqueobronqueales fueron: Acinetobacter baumannii (57,1%), Pseudomona aeroginosa (21,4%) y Estafilococus aureus (7,1%). Conclusiones El conocimiento de los eventos adversos y sus causas permite llegar a su análisis y en cuencia, a la elaboración de indicadores de calidad en la atención de este tipo de pacientes.
Inhibitors of Cytochrome P-450s and Their Mechanism of Action (1981)

(1981). Inhibitors of Cytochrome P-450s and Their Mechanism of Action. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 1-117.
Identification of Partial Complementary DNA Clones Encoding a 59-kd Protein With Characteristics of a Unique Oncofetal Antigen (1994)

The availability of this cDNA, encoding a protein expressed only on tumor and fetal cells, provides a direct means to assess biological characteristics of malignant tissue which can be assayed by biochemical, histochemical, and molecular methods.
Frequent Loss of Heterozygosity at the MCC Locus on Chromosome 5q21‐22 in Sporadic Colorectal Carcinomas (1991)

Recent studies have identified a gene on chromosome 5q, designated MCC (mutated in colorectal cancers), as a candidate for the putative colorectal tumor suppressor gene that is located at 5q21. We examined loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the MCC locus and its vicinity in sporadic colorectal carcinomas, using 12 RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) markers. One clone, L5.71, had been used to identify the MCC gene; all 12 markers also had tight linkage to the gene responsible for adenomatous polyposis coli. All 40 cases studied were informative with at least one marker, and 22 of them (55%) showed LOH at one or more loci. LOH in the tumors was more frequent in the immediate vicinity of L5.71 than in distant parts of the chromosome, and a common region of deletion was detected between markers L5.62 and 15A6. In one case, alleles were retained at L5.71 and at loci proximal to L5.71, but alleles were lost at loci distal to L5.71. In another case, both alleles were retained at L5.71 but alleles were lost at loci proximal and distal to L5.71. These results support the conclusion that a tumor suppressor gene for colorectal carcinoma is located within or around locus L5.71.
Search Space Restriction of Neuro-evolution through Constrained Modularization of Neural Networks (2010)

Evolving recurrent neural networks for behavior control of robots equipped with larger sets of sensors and actuators is difficult due to the large search spaces that come with the larger number of input and output neurons. We propose constrained modularization as a novel technique to reduce the search space for such evolutions. Appropriate neural networks are divided manually into logically and spatially related neuro-modules based on domain knowledge of the targeted problem. Then constraint functions are applied to these neuro-modules to force the compliance of user defined restrictions and relations. For neuro-modules this will facilitate complex symmetries and other spatial relations, local processing of related sensors and actuators, the reuse of functional neuro-modules, fine control of synaptic connections, and a non-destructive crossover operator. With an implementation of this so called ICONE method several behaviors for nontrivial robots have already been evolved successfully.
Traveling wave excitation in a flexural vibration ring by using a torsional-flexural composite transducer (2001)

This paper presents a new mechanism for traveling wave excitation of the flexural vibration in a ring. A torsional-flexural composite transducer was used to excite two degenerate flexural vibration modes spatially and temporally orthogonal to each other in the ring. The proto-type, composed of a 32-mm diameter composite transducer attached along the outer edge of an 180-mm diameter aluminum annular ring, was designed, constructed, and tested. The ring was designed via finite element analysis to operate using a (0.8) transverse flexural traveling wave, and the motion was confirmed experimentally.
Resolving the conflict between generality and plausibility in verified computation (2013)

The area of proof-based verified computation (outsourced computation built atop probabilistically checkable proofs and cryptographic machinery) has lately seen renewed interest. Although recent work has made great strides in reducing the overhead of naive applications of the theory, these schemes still cannot be considered practical. A core issue is that the work for the server is immense, in general; it is practical only for hand-compiled computations that can be expressed in special forms.
Syntheses and Dynamics of Donor−Acceptor [2]Catenanes in Water (2010)

A subset of mechanically interlocked molecules, namely, donor-acceptor [2]catenanes, have been produced in aqueous solutions in good yields from readily available precursors. The catenations are templated by strong hydrophobic and [π···π] stacking interactions, which serve to assemble the corresponding supramolecular precursors, prior to postassembly covalent modification. Dynamic (1)H NMR spectroscopic investigations performed on one of these [2]catenanes reveal that the pirouetting motion of the butadiyne-triethylene glycol chain occurs with a dramatically lower activation enthalpy, yet with a much higher negative activation entropy in water, compared to organic solvents. The preparations of mechanically interlocked molecules in water constitute the basis for the future development of complex functional molecular machinery in aqueous environments.
Buried Polar Residues in Coiled-Coil Interfaces<sup>,</sup> (2001)

Coiled coils, estimated to constitute 3-5% of the encoded residues in most genomes, are characterized by a heptad repeat, (abcdefg)(n), where the buried a and d positions form the interface between multiple alpha-helices. Although generally hydrophobic, a substantial fraction ( approximately 20%) of these a- and d-position residues are polar or charged. We constructed variants of the well-characterized coiled coil GCN4-p1 with a single polar residue (Asn, Gln, Ser, or Thr) at either an a or a d position. The stability and oligomeric specificity of each variant were measured, and crystal structures of coiled-coil trimers with threonine or serine at either an a or a d position were determined. The structures show how single polar residues in the interface affect not only local packing, but also overall coiled-coil geometry as seen by changes in the Crick supercoil parameters and core cavity volumes.
Raman spectroscopy investigation of size effects in cubic boron nitride (1997)

Raman spectra were taken of cubic boron nitride (c-BN) crystals with diameters between 100 nm and 1 mm. The Raman line shape of the optical phonons was found to become increasingly asymmetric towards lower frequency shifts, broader and weaker with decreasing crystal diameters. The results can be explained in terms of a spatial correlation model. The corresponding correlation lengths lie in the nanometer range, i.e. several orders of magnitude below the actual crystallite sizes as determined by electron microscopy, thus revealing a high defect density. An additional examined typical c-BN film on a Si(100) substrate exhibits even weaker and broader structures consistent with an even higher defect density.
Pharmacokinetic Interaction Study between the New Antiepileptic and CNS Drug RWJ‐333369 and Carbamazepine in Healthy Adults (2006)

There was no effect of multiple-dose RWJ-333369 on CBZ pharmacokinetics. CBZ induced RWJ-333369 clearance, resulting in shortened half-life and decreased exposure (AUCss) and C(max). Concomitant administration of RWJ-333369 with CBZ was generally safe and tolerated.
Upgraded Nd-Fe-B-AD (AD=Al,Ga) magnets: wettability and microstructure (1990)

An enhanced coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets by Al or Ga additions that is associated with a change in microstructure has been demonstrated. These microstructural modifications were detected by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX)-assisted transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two new ternary phases have been observed in Al-containing magnets. Improved wettability is given as an explanation for the modified microstructure, since similar results have been obtained for both Al and Ga additions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ED2000<sup>®</sup>: 585 nm collagen remodelling pulsed dye laser (2003)

The wavelength of 585nm corresponds to an absorption peak of haemoglobin. The heating effect in these skin layers triggers the release of various growth factors that stimulate collagen remodelling and tightening. We report our experience with a 585nm collagen remodelling, double flashlamp excited pumped dye laser was used (ED2000, Deka MELA, Calenzano, Italy), spot size 5 mm, energy density (fluence J/cm(2)) from 2 to 4 J/cm(2), emission modality (repetition rate) at 0.5 Hz, with a short pulse duration of 250 microsec. The efficiency of 585 nm collagen remodelling pulsed dye laser is controversial in only one session. It is probably reasonable to inform patients that 3-4 treatment sessions are necessary, and that 10% of the patients have no response to nonablative photorejuvenation. Because of its low fluence and its shorter pulse duration, the 585 nm collagen remodelling pulsed dye laser has limited efficacy for the treatment of port wine stains. However, it may offer patients with erythematous, raised or hypertrophic acne scars or striae distensae a permanent cosmetic solution. This laser is safe and effective in the treatment of surgical scars starting as soon as possible, on the day of suture removal if possible. We found that 96.3% of molluscum contagiosum healed after the first treatment, the other 3.7% after the second.
Arachidonic acid metabolism in human trabecular meshwork cells. (1988)

Prostaglandins and other eicosanoids in the trabecular meshwork may play important physiological and pharmacological roles in the aqueous outflow pathway. In the present studies, we employed [14C]-arachidonic acid to explore potentially important pathways for the production of eicosanoids in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HTM). In these cells, we demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF2 alpha are major cyclooxygenase products, with some 6-keto-PGF1 alpha also detected. The amount of radiolabelled PGE2 formed was substantially higher than the PGF2 alpha formed in the early time periods. The amount of PGF2 alpha in the culture media increased at a time when the amount of PGE2 was declining, suggesting a possible metabolic conversion between the prostaglandins. HTM produced a range of products of the lipoxygenase pathway. Products co-eluting with 5, 12, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) were detected, with 12 and 15-HETEs predominating. A large amount of radiolabelled product was detected also in peaks co-eluting with leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and an LTB4 degradation product. Biosynthesis of lipoxygenase products was markedly inhibited by BW 755c and partially inhibited by dexamethasone. These data emphasize that HTM cells are capable of converting arachidonic acid into a wider variety of biologically active products than previously recognized.