gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response of ideal radio noise meter to continuous sine wave, recurrent impulses, and random noise (1961)

The responses of an ideal radio noise meter to continuous sine wave, recurrent impulses, and random noise are evaluated and tabulated. The ideal meter consists of a narrow-band linear low noise super-heterodyne network followed by a detector which responds to the envelope of the intermediate frequency and a dc voltmeter which indicates the detector output. Four detector circuits — peak, quasi-peak, average, and rms — are considered. Their “ideal” characteristics are defined in the text.
DNA fragment assembly using an ant colony system algorithm (2004)

This work presents the use of an ant colony system algorithm in a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fragment assembly. The assembly problem is a combinatorial optimisation problem where the aim of the search is to find the right order and orientation of each fragment in the fragment ordering sequence that leads to the formation of a consensus sequence. In this paper, an asymmetric ordering representation is proposed where a path cooperatively generated by all ants in the colony represents the search solution. The optimality of the fragment layout obtained is then determined from the sum of overlap scores calculated for each pair of consecutive fragments in the layout. Two types of assembly problem are investigated: single-contig and multiple-contig problems. The simulation results indicate that in single-contig problems, the performance of the ant colony system algorithm is approximately the same as that of a nearest neighbour heuristic algorithm. On the other hand, the ant colony system algorithm outperforms the nearest neighbour heuristic algorithm when multiple-contig problems are considered.
Outlier-Detection-Based Indoor Localization System for Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

The paper exploits the outlier detection techniques for wireless-sensor-network- (WSN-) based localization problem and proposes an outlier detection scheme to cope with noisy sensor data. The cheap and widely available measurement technique—received signal strength (RSS)—is usually taken into account in the indoor localization system, but the RSS measurements are known to be sensitive to the change of the environment. The paper develops an outlier detection scheme to deal with abnormal RSS data so as to obtain more reliable measurements for localization. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified experimentally in an indoor environment.
(Section A: Molecular, Structural, and Cellular Biology of Drug Transporters) The Role of MDR1 Genetic Polymorphisms in Interindividual Variability in P-glycoprotein Expression and Function (2004)

The human multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), spanning greater than 200 kb, encodes for the ATP-dependent membrane efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Significant progress has been made in the discovery of MDR1 polymorphisms and the assessment of allelic frequencies. The search for key genetic determinants that predispose individuals to drugs that are substrates or inhibitors of Pgp has just begun. Reports in the literature, particularly focusing on the C3435T polymorphism, have provided discordant results with respect to functional modification in vitro, and Pgp expression and disposition of probe drugs in vivo. Due to the large size of the MDR1 gene, genotyping based on individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) analysis is not sufficient to predict functional consequences. Strong linkage disequilibrium has been detected between several MDR1 polymorphisms, and discrepancies in the literature may be due to the focus on the influence of single nucleotide variations instead of on linked nucleotide variations. Multiple SNPs found on the same chromosome are assigned to a specific haplotype, and some attempts have been made to determine the role of MDR1 haplotypes in Pgp variability. Most of the data for MDR1 haplotype have been predicted based on computational or mathematical models. However, molecular haplotyping techniques, analysis of linkages on the same chromosome directly by biophysical and biochemical means, may be needed to characterize haplotypes in individuals with a highly polymorphic and large gene like MDR1. Haplotype identification may prove to be vital in identifying the functional significance of MDR1 polymorphisms on disease susceptibility and drug disposition.
MICROSTRUCTURAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW‐FAT STIRRED YOGHURTS MADE WITH SKIM MILK AND MULTIPLE EMULSIONS (2009)

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the study of the dynamic rheological and structural properties developed in low‐fat stirred yoghurts made with skim milk and multiple emulsions stabilized with carboxymethylcellulose (SY CMC ) or amidated low methoxy pectin (SY ALMP ), in comparison with a full milk‐fat stirred yoghurt control (SY MF ). The SY ALMP yoghurt exhibited greatest Tan δ after 14 days of storage than the SY MF and SY CMC yoghurts. The SY ALMP yoghurt presented the highest lacunarity value and was characterized by a structure composed of highly clusterized casein aggregates. In contrast, the SY CMC and SY MF yoghurts displayed lower lacunarity values and structures characterized by smaller casein clusters. Lower Tan δ values were associated with lower lacunarity values. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Limited work has been done on stirred and set‐style yoghurts, cheeses and, in general, dairy products, where milk‐fat globules are substituted by skim milk combined with multiple emulsions containing polyunsaturated vegetable oils. As a result of this, multicomponent gels formation occurs (made up by milk proteins, polyunsaturated vegetable oils, emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and many possible other ingredients), which give rise to completely different structural arrangements that may display comparable mechanical‐sensory properties with those exhibited by their full milk‐fat counterparts, paving the way for the development of new healthier foods sensory and texturally acceptable to consumers.
Si/SiO<sub>2</sub>-Templated Formation of Ultraflat Metal Surfaces on Glass, Polymer, and Solder Supports:  Their Use as Substrates for Self-Assembled Monolayers (2007)

This paper describes the use of several methods of template stripping (TS) to produce ultraflat films of silver, gold, palladium, and platinum on both rigid and polymeric mechanical supports: a composite of glass and ultraviolet (UV)-curable adhesive (optical adhesive, OA), solder, a composite of poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) and OA, and bare OA. Silicon supporting its native oxide layer (Si/SiO2) serves as a template for both mechanical template stripping (mTS), in which the metal film is mechanically cleaved from the template, and chemical template stripping (cTS), in which the film-template composite is immersed in a solution of thiols, and the formation of the SAM on the metal film causes the film to separate from the template. Films formed on all supports have lower root-mean-square (rms) roughness (as measured by atomic force microscopy, AFM) than films used as-deposited (AS-DEP) by electron-beam evaporation. Monolayers of n-dodecanethiolate formed by the mTS and cTS methods are effectively indistinguishable by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM); molecularly resolved images could be obtained using both types of surfaces. The metal surfaces, before being cleaved, are completely protected from contact with the atmosphere. This protection allows metal surfaces intended to support SAMs to be prepared in large batch lots, stored, and then used as needed. Template stripping thus eliminates the requirement for evaporation of the film immediately before use and is a significant extension and simplification of the technology of SAMs and other areas of materials science requiring clean metal surfaces.
DNA exonuclease Trex1 regulates radiotherapy-induced tumour immunogenicity (2017)

Radiotherapy is under investigation for its ability to enhance responses to immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms by which radiation induces anti-tumour T cells remain unclear. We show that the DNA exonuclease Trex1 is induced by radiation doses above 12-18 Gy in different cancer cells, and attenuates their immunogenicity by degrading DNA that accumulates in the cytosol upon radiation. Cytosolic DNA stimulates secretion of interferon-β by cancer cells following activation of the DNA sensor cGAS and its downstream effector STING. Repeated irradiation at doses that do not induce Trex1 amplifies interferon-β production, resulting in recruitment and activation of Batf3-dependent dendritic cells. This effect is essential for priming of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells that mediate systemic tumour rejection (abscopal effect) in the context of immune checkpoint blockade. Thus, Trex1 is an upstream regulator of radiation-driven anti-tumour immunity. Trex1 induction may guide the selection of radiation dose and fractionation in patients treated with immunotherapy.
Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and CKD Progression (2015)

CKD is a major risk factor for ESRD, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. Whether dietary sodium and potassium intake affect CKD progression remains unclear. We prospectively studied the association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with CKD progression and all-cause mortality among 3939 patients with CKD in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion were measured using three 24-hour urine specimens, and CKD progression was defined as incident ESRD or halving of eGFR. During follow-up, 939 CKD progression events and 540 deaths occurred. Compared with the lowest quartile of urinary sodium excretion (<116.8 mmol/24 h), hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest quartile of urinary sodium excretion (≥194.6 mmol/24 h) were 1.54 (1.23 to 1.92) for CKD progression, 1.45 (1.08 to 1.95) for all-cause mortality, and 1.43 (1.18 to 1.73) for the composite outcome of CKD progression and all-cause mortality after adjusting for multiple covariates, including baseline eGFR. Additionally, compared with the lowest quartile of urinary potassium excretion (<39.4 mmol/24 h), hazard ratios for the highest quartile of urinary potassium excretion (≥67.1 mmol/24 h) were 1.59 (1.25 to 2.03) for CKD progression, 0.98 (0.71 to 1.35) for all-cause mortality, and 1.42 (1.15 to 1.74) for the composite outcome. These data indicate that high urinary sodium and potassium excretion are associated with increased risk of CKD progression. Clinical trials are warranted to test the effect of sodium and potassium reduction on CKD progression.
Application of holographic synthetic aperture radar techiques to monochromatic swept-angle bistatic data (2002)

Conventional narrow angle SAR requires frequency diversity to achieve range resolution. Sufficient bandwidth is not always available, especially when using CW radars. Holographic SAR (HSAR) imaging techniques can be applied to a wide variety of different measurement configurations, including monochromatic as well as frequency diverse. An introduction to HSAR theory is presented. This is followed with several case studies, including the specific application to monochromatic swept-angle bistatic data.
Optimizing the wafer dicing process (2002)

Wafer dicing is one of the critical elements of the IC assembly process where improvements can make a major contribution to yield. Chipping (damage along the cut line inherent to the wafer dicing operation) has been identified by semiconductor manufacturers as a relevant area for improvement. A study of process factors that affect the magnitude of the chipping phenomenon is described. The goal is to explore the limits of the current equipment. Cursory experiments are conducted to zero-in on significant factors. During this phase, several factors that were considered major causes for chipping, are found to have no significant effect. A set of designed experiments is run. It identifies chipping sensitivity to process parameters and points at an operating window that improves cut quality. Field tests in production environment confirm the experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF WOOD: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES (1975)

The properties of and reaction conditions for the chemical modification of wood as a method for decay prevention are reviewed. Treatments for wood with such chemicals as anhydrides, isocyanates, formaldehyde, dimethyl sulfate, alkyl chlorides, Beta-propiolactone, acrylonitrile, and epoxides are discussed. Requirements for chemicals to be considered for the chemical modification of wood are given. Data are tabulated.
Face to face (2010)

Over the past 30 years, Professor Kathy Lowe has been one of the innovators who has helped to change the face of services. From ground-breaking research on teaching people with learning disabilities new skills to developing services that aim to improve front line knowledge, she tells Thelma Agnew why it has been worth all the ‘blood, sweat and tears’
Parallel VLSI Implementation of the Kalrman Filter (1987)

The problem of parallel implementation of the square-root Kalman filters is addressed. At the system level, our approach is to apply systolic-type VLSI processor arrays as basic building blocks to accelerate the matrix operations required in each iteration. To maximize the parallelism, we also exploit an inter-array pipelining scheme through the overlapping of execution between successive processor arrays. We estimate that with (5n2 + r2 + 8nr + n + 3r)/2 processors, it would take max[(4n + 2r, 2n + 4r-2)] time units to complete one Kalman filter iteration, where n is the dimension of the underlying state space model and r is the dimension of the input vector.
Electron transfer processes—X: Radical ions with hydrogen bridges derived from 1,1′,3,3′‐tetraketo‐Δ<sup>2,2′</sup>‐biindan, 5,6,11,12‐naphthacenetetrone, 1,4,9,10‐anthracenetetrone, and 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetrone (1969)

Abstract Radical anions and cations have been prepared by the reduction of the title compounds or their diprotonated derivatives. The same radical ions have been observed by oxidation of the dihydro derivatives. Electron spin resonance hyperfine splitting constants have been assigned on the basis of Hückel and McLachlan calculations and selective substitutions. The hyperfine splitting by the bridging hydrogen atoms in the radical anions was much weaker (0·5 to 0·7 gauss) than for the corresponding radical cations (2 to 3 gauss) for the naphthacene, anthracene, and naphthalene dihydrotetrones. This is interpreted to be a result of orbital symmetry since, in the highest occupied MO for the anion but not for the cation, a nodal plane passes through the bridging hydrogen atom.
Pulsatile Versus Oscillatory Shear Stress Regulates NADPH Oxidase Subunit Expression (2003)

Shear stress regulates endothelial nitric oxide and superoxide (O2-*) production, implicating the role of NADPH oxidase activity. It is unknown whether shear stress regulates the sources of reactive species production, consequent low-density lipoprotein (LDL) modification, and initiation of inflammatory events. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) in the presence of 50 microg/mL of native LDL were exposed to (1) pulsatile flow with a mean shear stress (tau(ave)) of 25 dyne/cm2 and (2) oscillating flow at tau(ave) of 0. After 4 hours, aliquots of culture medium were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography analyses of electronegative LDL species, described as LDL- and LDL2-. In response to oscillatory shear stress, gp91phox mRNA expression was upregulated by 2.9+/-0.3-fold, and its homologue, Nox4, by 3.9+/-0.9-fold (P<0.05, n=4), with a corresponding increase in O2-* production rate. The proportion of LDL- and LDL2- relative to static conditions increased by 67+/-17% and 30+/-7%, respectively, with the concomitant upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and increase in monocyte/BAEC binding (P<0.05, n=5). In contrast, pulsatile flow downregulated both gp91phox and Nox4 mRNA expression (by 1.8+/-0.2-fold and 3.0+/-0.12-fold, respectively), with an accompanying reduction in O2-* production, reduction in the extent of LDL modification (51+/-12% for LDL- and 30+/-7% for LDL2-), and monocyte/BAEC binding. The flow-dependent LDL oxidation is determined in part by the NADPH oxidase activity. The formation of modified LDL via O2-* production may also affect the regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and monocyte/BAEC binding.
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF METHODS TO CHEMICALLY BIND ZINC (2011)

To address the {sup 65}Zn contamination issue in the TEF, a multi-task experimental program was initiated. The first two experimental tasks were completed. The results of the third experimental task are reported here. This task was conducted to determine if the zinc vapors could be chemically bound on two non hydrogen active substrates. Based on a thermodynamic study copper and cobalt were the most favorable for capturing zinc without forming hydrides. Within the experimental parameters tested, which include temperatures of 350, 400, and 450 C at pressures of nominally 20-40 millitorr, the zinc deposited on the both copper screen and cobalt rods but did not react to form a compound. The conditions that were tested are not prototypic and additional testing under higher vacuum conditions, i.e., .01 millitorr, may enhance the reactivity of the surfaces and is recommended.
Computation and Construction Kits: Toward the Next Generation of Tangible Building Media for Children. (2004)

Construction kits represent a venerable, creative, and (occasionally) even beautiful genre of educational toys for children. Nonetheless, traditional construction kits have limitations as educational media. In the past decade, a number of research efforts have attempted to address these limitations by augmenting construction kit design with various types of computational media. This paper describes two new prototypes of “computationally-enhanced construction kits”; unlike previous efforts, these newer kits allow for large numbers of mutually-interacting, computationally complex, geometrically innovative, and user-programmable pieces. We describe the current (stillearly) state of these systems, and discuss plausible directions for future development and research.
Developmentally regulated expression of soybean proline-rich cell wall protein genes. (1989)

Previously, we reported the characterization of a developmentally regulated proline-rich cell wall protein (SbPRP1) gene of soybean; the encoded protein is represented by a consensus amino acid repeat structure of Pro-Pro-Val-Tyr-Lys [Hong, J.C., Nagao, R.T., and Key, J.L. (1987). J. Biol. Chem. 262, 8367-8376]. Two other closely related members of this family of proline-rich protein (PRP) genes (SbPRP2 and SbPRP3), which differ from the extensin family of cell wall proteins, have been characterized (J.C. Hong, R.T. Nagao, and J.L. Key, unpublished results). Here we report studies on the regulation of expression of this gene family during soybean development by analyzing various plant organs, including leaves, stems, and roots of etiolated seedlings and light-grown plants, as well as young and mature pods, seed coats, and cotyledons. These organs were tested at different stages of development (young and fully mature tissue). Although a high level of sequence homology is observed at the nucleotide and amino acid sequence level among these three PRP genes/proteins, there are marked differences in the patterns of expression of each gene in different plant organs and organ regions. SbPRP1 is highly expressed and is the predominant form of PRP transcript in the mature hypocotyl, root, and immature seed coat. SbPRP2 is the major form of PRP in the apical hypocotyl and young suspension culture cells. SbPRP3 is the major form of PRP gene expressed in aerial parts; it is highly expressed in leaves, although no expression is detected in the roots.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Contact engineering in organic field-effect transistors (2014)

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are promising for numerous potential applications but suffer from poor charge injection, such that their performance is severely limited. Recent efforts in lowering contact resistance have led to significantly improved field-effect mobility of OFETs, up to 100 times higher, as the results of careful choice of contact materials and/or chemical treatment of contact electrodes. Here we review the innovative developments of contact engineering and focus on the mechanisms behind them. Further improvement toward Ohmic contact can be expected along with the rapid advance in material research, which will also benefit other organic and electronic devices.
Etiology of autistic features: the persisting neurotoxic effects of propionic acid (2012)

By comparing the results obtained with those from animal models of autism or with clinical data on the biochemical profile of autistic patients, this study showed that the neurotoxicity of PA as an environmental factor could play a central role in the etiology of autistic biochemical features.
Facile and quantitative activation of dihydrogen by the phosphinidene-stabilized ruthenium cluster Ru4(CO)13(.mu.3-PPh): synthesis and spectroscopic and structural characterization of (.mu.-H)2Ru4(CO)12(.mu.3-PPh) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile and quantitative activation of dihydrogen by the phosphinidene-stabilized ruthenium cluster Ru4(CO)13(.mu.3-PPh): synthesis and spectroscopic and structural characterization of (.mu.-H)2Ru4(CO)12(.mu.3-PPh)Francoise Van Gastel, John F. Corrigan, Simon Doherty, Nicholas J. Taylor, and Arthur J. CartyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 22, 4492–4498Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00048a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00048a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts