gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organocatalytic Highly Enantioselective Monofluoroalkylation of 3-Bromooxindoles: Construction of Fluorinated 3,3′-Disubstituted Oxindoles and Their Derivatives (2014)

A new practical organocatalytic asymmetric protocol for the introduction of a monofluoroalkyl group into the oxindole framework has been successfully developed. Excellent diastereoselectivities (>20:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (93-99% ee) of the products were obtained with a wide range of pre-electrophiles (3-bromooxindoles) and prenucleophiles (α-fluorinated β-keto gem-diols). The obtained products themselves and their derivatives may significantly benefit drug discovery.
Magnetic domain expansion readout for amplification of an ultra high density magneto-optical recording signal (1996)

An amplified magneto-optical signal readout by using a dynamic domain expansion effect has been proposed and experimentally confirmed. Small domains of around 0.3 μm in diameter were expanded by a pulsed external field on the readout layer copied from the recording layer. An amplified readout signal up to three times larger than that of the original one has been achieved.
Triphosphates of the Two Components in DESCOVY and TRUVADA are Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase (2020)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, a member of the coronavirus family, is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. We previously demonstrated that four nucleotide analogues (specifically, the active triphosphate forms of Sofosbuvir, Alovudine, AZT and Tenofovir alafenamide) inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Tenofovir and emtricitabine are the two components in DESCOVY and TRUVADA, the two FDA-approved medications for use as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection. This is a preventative method in which individuals who are HIV negative (but at high-risk of contracting the virus) take the combination drug daily to reduce the chance of becoming infected with HIV. PrEP can stop HIV from replicating and spreading throughout the body. We report here that the triphosphates of tenofovir and emtricitabine, the two components in DESCOVY and TRUVADA, act as terminators for the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp catalyzed reaction. These results provide a molecular basis to evaluate the potential of DESCOVY and TRUVADA as PrEP for COVID-19.
Control of hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber ellipticity by induced lateral tension (2009)

We describe the fabrication of elliptical hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers (EC-PBGFs). It was shown that the aspect ratio of the hollow core can be controlled by tuning the negative pressure in the space between the intermediate preform cane and outer jacketing tube, and by placing this preform assembly off-center in the furnace, resulting in lateral tension during the final draw. Modal birefringences of fabricated PBGFs with different aspect ratio were measured using a Sagnac loop interferometer. For the elliptical hollow core PBGF with aspect ratio of 2.34, the modal birefringence was measured to be about 4.6x10(-2) at 1,550 nm.
Design and Synthesis of 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-8-carboxamide Derivatives as Potent Serotonin-3 (5-HT3) Receptor Antagonists. (1996)

Several 3-substituted 5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamides were synthesized and evaluated for serotonin-3 (5-HT3) receptor binding affinity. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonistic activity of zacopride, a representative 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, was unchanged by the replacement of the 4-amino substituent on the aromatic moiety by a 3-dimethyl-amino substituent. This finding prompted a structural modification of azasetron, another 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Consequently, a new series of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-8-carboxamides was obtained and these compounds were found to be more potent than 3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-8-carboxamides. In particular, (S)-N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-2H-1,4 -benzoxazine-8-carboxamide showed a high affinity for 5-HT3 receptors K(i) = 0.051 nM) and especially potent antagonistic activity against the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex (ED50 = 0.089 micrograms/kg i.v.) in rats.
The N-terminal End of Bax Contains a Mitochondrial-targeting Signal (2003)

The translocation of Bax alpha, a pro-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family from the cytosol to mitochondria, is a central event of the apoptotic program. We report here that the N-terminal (NT) end of Bax alpha, which contains its first alpha helix (Eta alpha 1), is a functional mitochondrial-addressing signal both in mammals and in yeast. Similar results were obtained with a newly described variant of Bax called Bax psi, which lacks the first 20 amino acids of Bax alpha and is constitutively associated with mitochondria. Deletion of Eta alpha 1 impairs the binding of Bax psi to mitochondria, whereas a fusion of the N terminus of Bax alpha, which contains Eta alpha 1 with a cytosolic protein, results in the binding of the chimeric proteins to mitochondria both in a cell-free assay and in vitro. More importantly, the mitochondria-bound chimeric proteins inhibit the interaction of Bax psi with mitochondria as well as Bax-apoptogenic properties. The mutations of the Eta alpha 1, which inhibit Bax alpha and Bax psi translocation to mitochondria, also block the subsequent activation of the execution phase of apoptosis. Conversely, a deletion of the C terminus does not appear to influence Bax alpha and Bax psi mitochondrial addressing. Taken together, our results suggest that Bax is targeted to mitochondria by its NT and thus through a pathway that is unique for a member of the BCL-2 family.
Palladium(II) acetates: Synthesis and molecular transformation scheme (2010)

Known methods for synthesis of a trinuclear molecular form of palladium(II) acetate, [Pd3(CH3COO)6], are analyzed and a number of new techniques that enable reliable control over the type of the product obtained and provide its high yield are suggested. A molecular transformation scheme is suggested. This scheme takes into account the formation of both forms of palladium acetate and also the formation of the structurally similar [Pd3(CH3COO)3NO2].
Application of the Decarboxy-nitrosustitution Reaction on Nitration of Furan Derivatives (1955)

The decarboxy-nitrosubstitution reaction is discussed as a general preparation of asubstituted furan derivatives.As a rule, this reaction is succesful for derivatives with a nucleophilic substituent, but only poor results are obtained for those on the compounds with an electrophilic bne.In the latter case, with increasing negativity of the substituent the more drastic condition is required.
Substrate analysis and molecular cloning of the extracellular alkaline phosphatase of Streptomyces griseus The GenBank accession number for the sequence reported in this paper is AJ278740. (2001)

Streptomyces species secrete large amounts of alkaline phosphatase (AP) enzymes that have not been characterized so far. An AP has been purified to homogeneity from cultures of Streptomyces griseus IMRU 3570. The enzyme has a monomer size of 62 kDa and is processed in the culture to a 33 kDa protein as shown by immunoblotting. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM-Sephadex cationic exchange, chromatofocusing and HPLC Sphaerogel 3000SW filtration. The pure enzyme uses a variety of organic phosphorylated compounds as substrates. The N-terminal end of the mature protein was found to be RLREDPFTLGVASGDPHP. The gene phoA has been cloned using as probe an oligomer based on the N-terminal sequence of the S. griseus AP. phoA encodes a protein of 62678 Da with low homology to the AP of Escherichia coli. The phoA gene was found to be homologous to three alkaline-phosphatase-encoding genes previously identified in the Streptomyces coelicolor genome. On the basis of the optimal pH, substrate specificity and differences in amino acid sequence of motifs defining the active centre of APs, the S. griseus AP uses a wide range of organic phosphate substrates and is different from the phosphatases of Gram-negative bacteria.
Poster: RealDance: An exploration of 3D spatial interfaces for dancing games (2009)

We present RealDance, a prototype video game for exploring spatial 3D interaction for dance-based gaming and instruction. Our interface uses four Nintendo Wii remotes and is independent of buttons, floor position, cameras, or sensor bars so the user is untethered, allowing for natural, full-body motion. Our range of detectable movements includes stationary poses, punches, kicks, claps and stomps, which are scored in the context of the dance routine. We describe our initial experiments in interface design, gesture evaluation and scoring, and user experience, which reveals interesting new areas for 3D spatial interaction research related to creating an dasiaidealpsila dance game.
High-Power Microwave-Induced Plasma Source for Trace Element Analysis (1990)

A high-power microwave-induced plasma source (2.45 GHz, 1.2 kW) for trace element analysis is presented. The plasma is generated by a circularly polarized wave induced by a helical coil with a mode transformer. The sample introduction system consists of a pneumatic nebulizer with no dehydration system, i.e., utilizing direct introduction of aqueous solutions. An annular-shaped argon plasma was generated at atmospheric pressure in a 2.3–4.2-mm i.d. quartz discharge tube with a low gas flow rate (2 l/min). Preliminary analytical results were otained using an aqueous Ca(10 ppm)+Zr(200 ppm) solution sample and compared to those obtained with the argon inductively coupled plasma.
[LONG-TERM EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSPIANTATION OF ILIAC BONE FLAP PEDICLED WITH DEEP ILIAC CIRCUMFLEX VESSELS FOR AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF FEMORAL HEAD AT STAGE II AND III]. (2016)

The pedicled iliac bone flap transplantation for ANFH at Ficat stage II and III can provide good osteogenesis and vascular reconstruction of the femoral head. The long-term follow-up effectiveness is satisfactory.
Fluorescence technique for the characterization of natural organic matter in river water (2002)

The complex nature of natural organic matter (NOM), and the impact of this matter on drinking water quality have necessitated the characterization studies of NOM. A fluorescence technique for the characterization of NOM in Malaysian river water is reported. Water samples from several river sampling sites were collected and concentrated using a low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPROM). Solid phase extraction (SPE) using C18 extraction cartridges were used to fractionate the water samples into humic and non-humic fractions. To differentiate and classify various types of humic substances, fluorescence was applied in emission, excitation and in synchronous-scan modes. A synchronous spectral profile was found to be able to differentiate humic and fulvic acids better than the emission or excitation spectra. Synchronous excitation spectra showed different spectral patterns for the water samples due to different origin. All water samples showed the presence of both fulvic and humic acids.
A Novel Lead Configuration for Optimal Spatio-Temporal Detection of Intracardiac Repolarization Alternans (2011)

In conclusion, intracardiac alternans, a complex spatio-temporal phenomenon associated with arrhythmia susceptibility and sudden cardiac death, can be reliably detected through a novel triangular right ventricular-coronary sinus lead configuration.
Function test methods using test cells for ATM switching system (2002)

An ATM switching system handles many kinds of virtual paths and virtual channels, so each channel's connectivity must be confirmed from the viewpoint of maintainability. The paper presents several kinds of function test methods including a connectivity test using test cells which periodically pass through pre-determined switching path routes. These methods can be used for in-service connection testing, maximum load testing, and maximum VC multiplexing testing. Total test times are far shorter than those of the conventional method. The proposed methods can also be used to verify the multicast function provided by a switch. The paper also describes a fault diagnosis scheme that uses test cells and that can continually monitor the entire ATM connection length in the system.
A DNA methylation classifier of cervical precancer based on human papillomavirus and human genes (2014)

Testing for high-risk (hr) types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is highly sensitive as a screening test of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplastic (CIN2/3) disease, the precursor of cervical cancer. However, it has a relatively low specificity. Our objective was to develop a prediction rule with a higher specificity, using combinations of human and HPV DNA methylation. Exfoliated cervical specimens from colposcopy-referral cohorts in London were analyzed for DNA methylation levels by pyrosequencing in the L1 and L2 regions of HPV16, HPV18, HPV31 and human genes EPB41L3, DPYS and MAL. Samples from 1,493 hrHPV-positive women were assessed and of these 556 were found to have CIN2/3 at biopsy; 556 tested positive for HPV16 (323 CIN2/3), 201 for HPV18 (73 CIN2/3) and 202 for HPV31 (98 CIN2/3). The prediction rule included EPB41L3 and HPV and had area under curve 0.80 (95% CI 0.78-0.82). For 90% sensitivity, specificity was 36% (33-40) and positive predictive value (PPV) was 46% (43-48). By HPV type, 90% sensitivity corresponded to the following specificities and PPV, respectively: HPV16, 38% (32-45) and 67% (63-71); HPV18, 53% (45-62) and 52% (45-59); HPV31, 39% (31-49) and 58% (51-65); HPV16, 18 or 31, 44% (40-49) and 62% (59-65) and other hrHPV 17% (14-21) and 21% (18-24). We conclude that a methylation assay in hrHPV-positive women might improve PPV with minimal sensitivity loss.
Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Paraffin-Embedded Tissues (2000)

Fibrous dysplasia and osteofibrous dysplasia are both benign fibro-osseous lesions of the bone and are generally seen during childhood or adolescence. Histologically, the features of these bone lesions sometimes look quite similar, but their precise nature remains controversial. Mutation of the subunit of signal-transducing G proteins (GS), with an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation, has been implicated in the development of multiple endocrinopathies of the Albright-McCune syndrome and in the development of fibrous dysplasia. We studied GS mutation at the Arg 201 codon in seven cases of fibrous dysplasia (six monostotic lesions and one polyostotic lesion) and seven cases of osteofibrous dysplasia using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing analysis. All of the seven cases of fibrous dysplasia showed missense point mutations in GS at the Arg 201 codon that resulted in Arg-to-His substitution in three cases and Arg-to-Cys substitution in four cases. On the other hand, the seven cases of osteofibrous dysplasia and the normal bone used as a control showed no such mutation. These data suggest that fibrous dysplasia and osteofibrous dysplasia have different pathogeneses and that the detection of GS mutation at the Arg 201 codon is quite useful for distinguishing between these lesions. (J Mol Diag 2000, 2:67–72)
The effect of training and duration of surgery on adhesion formation in the rabbit model (1997)

In order to evaluate the effect of training upon postoperative adhesions, standard bipolar and mechanical, nonopposing injuries were performed in the uterine horns and side walls of 52 mature female rabbits using a conventional three-puncture laparoscopy, by an endoscopic surgeon with limited experience. An additional injury, either bipolar or mechanical or both, was performed in the retro-uterine space. With experience, the duration of surgery decreased progressively from 12 +/- 2 to 8 +/- 1 min in the first and last 10 animals respectively. The amount of perioperative bleeding was not affected by experience. With experience the postoperative adhesions decreased in extent (P = 0.0001), tenacity (P = 0.004), type (P = 0.002) and inflammation (P = 0.003) and for total score (P = 0.0002). These changes were correlated with the briefer duration of surgery but not with the amount of perioperative bleeding. The strong correlations of adhesion scores in the pouch of Douglas, and around both uterine horns confirmed the importance of the inter-animal variability in making adhesions. By logistic regression, the adhesions in the pouch of Douglas were explained simultaneously by the adhesions on the uterine horns (P = 0.0004, thus correcting for inter-animal variability) by the amount of bleeding (P = 0.01) and the duration of surgery (P = 0.05). No major differences were found in adhesions following a mechanical or a bipolar injury or following such a lesion in the pouch of Douglas or at the uterine horns. In conclusion, experience, expressed by the duration of surgery and to a lesser extent perioperative bleeding, is a major co-factor in postoperative adhesions, suggesting that duration of surgery should be strictly standardized in endoscopic adhesion studies. The important inter-animal variability can be circumvented by using a standard control lesion, making each animal its own control.
A Phasor-Data-Based State Estimator Incorporating Phase Bias Correction (2010)

With amplitude and phase information, time-synchronized measured phasor data of bus voltages and line currents can be used to calculate, without iterations, the voltage phasor on neighboring buses. In some phasor measurement units (PMUs), it has been observed that the voltage and current phasors exhibit phase biases, which can corrupt the conventional state estimator solution if it is augmented with such biased phasor data. This paper presents a new approach for synchronized phasor measurement-based state estimation, which can perform phasor angle bias correction given measurement redundancy. In this approach, polar coordinates are used as the state variables, because the magnitude and phase are largely independent measurements. The state estimation is formulated as an iterative least-squares problem, and its application to portions of the AEP high-voltage transmission system is illustrated.
Modulation of CRP‐dependent transcription at the <i>Escherichia coli acs</i>P2 promoter by nucleoprotein complexes: anti‐activation by the nucleoid proteins FIS and IHF (2003)

acs encodes acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, a high-affinity enzyme that allows cells to scavenge for acetate during carbon starvation. CRP activates acs transcription by binding tandem DNA sites located upstream of the major promoter, acsP2. Here, we used electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprint analyses to demonstrate that the nucleoid proteins FIS and IHF each bind multiple sites within the acs regulatory region, that FIS competes successfully with CRP for binding to their overlapping and neighbouring sites and that IHF binds independently of either FIS or CRP. Using in vitro transcription assays, we demonstrated that FIS and IHF independently reduce CRP-dependent acs transcription. Using in vivo reporter assays, we showed that disruption of DNA sites for FIS or deletion of DNA sites for IHF increases acs transcription. We propose that FIS and IHF each function directly as anti-activators of CRP, each working independently at different times during growth to set the levels of CRP-dependent acs transcription.
Interaction of Ozone and Greenhouse Whitefly in Plant Injury (1976)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Adaptive intra-refresh for low-delay error-resilient video coding (2014)

Low-delay and error-resilience video coding are critical for real-time video communication over wireless networks. Intra-refresh coding, which embeds intra-coded regions into inter frames can achieve a relatively smooth bit-rate and terminate the error propagation caused by the transmission loss. In this paper, we proposed a novel linear model for the intra-refresh cycle size selection adapting to the network packet loss rate and the motions in the video content. Experimental results show that this linear model works efficiently. The modelled cycle size can achieve almost the same quality as the optimal cycle size under different packet loss rates.
The Politics of Municipal Reform (1966)

When modernization of city government is proposed in a community in which taxes ore going up, administrative authority is fragmented, municipal structure is clumsy, and citizen estimate of the city council is somewhat low, popular attitudes toward municipal reform are favorable. But those persons who have empires to defend and interests to protect in the city hall, will defend the status quo and resist the introduction of proposed innovations. Some may even fight back with all the fury irrational men can have at their command, and thus the reform movement produces strange side effects and unfortunate after effects.
Recycling the <i>tert</i>-Butanesulfinyl Group in the Synthesis of Amines Using <i>tert</i>-Butanesulfinamide (2009)

A practical process for recycling the tert-butanesulfinyl group upon deprotection of N-tert-butanesulfinyl amines has been achieved. Treatment of N-tert-butanesulfinyl amines with HCl in cyclopentyl methyl ether results in complete conversion to tert-butanesulfinyl chloride and the corresponding amine hydrochloride salt, which is isolated by filtration in analytically pure form and in quantitative yield. Treatment of the resulting sulfinyl chloride solution with aqueous ammonia then provides analytically pure tert-butanesulfinamide in 97% yield. Alternatively, the tert-butanesulfinyl chloride solution can be treated with ethanol and catalytic quinidine as a sulfinyl transfer catalyst to provide a cyclopentyl methyl ether solution of ethyl tert-butanesulfinate with 88% ee. Addition of NaNH(2) in ammonia followed by simple trituration of the product with octane provides tert-butanesulfinamide with 99% ee and in 67% overall isolated yield based upon the starting N-tert-butanesulfinyl amine.
An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Eddy-Current Couplings and Brakes (1963)

The steady-state theory of eddy-current couplings with homogeneous ferromagnetic drums is derived and shown to be valid by tests on an experimental coupling. The effect of machine parameters on peak-torque conditions and a normalized torque-speed relation are given. The flux-density distribution across the pole face under load was measured and correlated with measured torque and speed. Measurements of drum current-density and flux-density distribution through the drum thickness are also given.
Multiple fault diagnosis in analogue circuits using time domain response features and multilayer perceptrons (1998)

A technique is described for diagnosing multiple faults in analogue circuits from their impulse response function using multilayer perceptrons, in terms of a specific example. A Dirac impulse input to the circuit was simulated, and time domain features of the output response were classified by a system of two multilayer perceptrons to produce accurate numerical fault values.
Anti-JC virus antibodies in a large German natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis cohort (2012)

These data argue for the potential clinical utility of JCV serology for PML risk stratification. However, further investigations of fluctuations in serostatus and of antibody levels for a more precise understanding of the predictive value are warranted.