gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Conformal Deposition for 3D Thin-Film Batteries (2013)

For the application of durable micro-storage for autonomous systems and implants, 3D thin-film batteries are leading candidates. Lithium ion batteries have the highest energy density of all known systems and are thus the best choice also for these rechargeable micro-batteries. Since liquid electrolyte based batteries present safety issues and limitations in size and design, pure solid state devices are considered particularly for miniaturization. Planar thinfilm lithium and lithium ion batteries are at present commercially available but have limited capacity (<1mAh/cm 2 ). The capacity can be increased by coating the thin-film stacks on micro-or nanostructured surfaces (3D thin-film batteries). The main advantage of thin-film (TF) batteries is that its power can be increased by scaling down the film thickness. The main technological challenges in the introduction 3D TF batteries are pinhole-free and chemically uniform conformal coating of the cathode, electrolyte and anode thin-film stack.
Equilibrium Dimorphism of the Lanthanide Trifluorides (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium Dimorphism of the Lanthanide TrifluoridesR. E. Thoma and G. D. BruntonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 11, 1937–1939Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50045a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50045a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Restoration of drinking Water Piping with Nontoxic Epoxy Linings (1996)

It is now possible to rehabilitate deteriorated drinking water systems by installing a non-toxic lining which prevents corrosion and leaching of lead and other heavy metals into drinking water. This method is (1) rapid (less than 48 hours), (2) suitable for use aboard ship, inside buildings and underground, (3) effective in bent pipes and pipes of different diameters, (4) economical compared with the cost of replacing pipe, (5) practical for pipe diameters between 1/8" and 24", (6) useful in pipe runs of 1000 feet, (7) suitable for drinking water, waste water, fuel, and other fluids, and (8) minimally disruptive of tenants and their activities. It is recommended for fast, economical, in-place rehabilitation of drinking water systems at Defense facilities around the world.
Applications Of Geophysical Logging For Dilution Control In Mining (1996)

In mining, waste rock dilution occurs when uneconomic rock is mined and processed with economic mineralized<br>ore. A survey of selected stopes from various Noranda Group mines estimated that aggregate dilution and oreloss<br>stood at 20% and 8% respectively in 1994. Various technologies are being investigated by Noranda Group mines<br>in an ongoing effort to minimize dilution and oreloss. The following three potential applications of geophysical<br>logging have been identified for dilution and oreloss reduction through improved orebody delineation.
Gas Permeation through Nafion. Part 1: Measurements (2015)

This study focuses on the characterization of gas permeation through Nafion, the most commonly used polymer electrolyte membrane (PEMs) for low-temperature fuel cells and water electrolyzers. In the first part of this study, novel modifications of the electrochemical monitoring technique to precisely measure the hydrogen and oxygen permeabilities of Nafion are presented. With these techniques, the gas permeabilities of Nafion were observed to be independent of pressures, which was ascribed to a solely diffusive process. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the hydrogen and oxygen permeabilities through Nafion in the fully hydrated state (where the water content is independent of the temperature) were measured in order to determine the activation energies of the permeation mechanisms. On the basis of the measured influence of temperature and relative humidity on the gas permeabilities of Nafion, the pathways for gas permeation through its aqueous and solid phase are qualitatively discussed. The second part of this study presents a resistor network model to quantitatively correlate the microscopic structure of Nafion and its gas permeabilities.
Human ACE and bradykinin B <sub>2</sub> receptors form a complex at the plasma membrane (2006)

To investigate how angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors enhance the actions of bradykinin (BK) on B2 receptors independent of blocking BK inactivation, we expressed human somatic ACE and B2 receptors in CHO cells. Bradykinin and its ACE-resistant analog were the receptor agonists. B2 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and ACE were coprecipitated with antisera to GFP or ACE shown in Western blots. Immunohistochemistry of fixed cells localized ACE by red color and B2-GFP by green. Yellow on plasma membranes of coexpressing cells also indicated enzyme-receptor complex formation. Using ACE-fused cyan fluorescent protein donor and B2-fused yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) acceptor, we registered fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) by the enhanced fluorescence of donor on acceptor photobleaching, establishing close (within 10 nm) positions of B2 receptors and ACE. Bradykinin stimulation cointernalized ACE and B2 receptors. We expressed ACE fused to N terminus of B2 receptors, anchoring only receptors to plasma membranes. Here, in contrast to cells, where both ACE and B2 receptors are separately anchored, ACE inhibitors neither enhance activation of chimeric B2 nor resensitize desensitized B2 receptors. Heterodimer formation between ACE and B2 receptors can be a mechanism for ACE inhibitors to augment kinin activity at cellular level.
The kynurenine pathway activities in a sub-Saharan HIV/AIDS population (2015)

Higher levels of inflammatory activity in this low income sub-Saharan HIV/AIDS population than in patients from developed countries lead to greater tryptophan depletion and greater accumulation of metabolites downstream from tryptophan with quinolinic acid levels often reaching levels associated with the development of HIV/AIDS-associated neurocognitive dysfunction. De novo synthesis of nicotinamide from quinolinic acid contributes to the maintenance of nicotinamide, and by implication NAD levels, in HIV/AIDS patients from low income populations. Antiretroviral treatment partially corrects disturbances in the kynurenine pathway.
Craniofacial growth, evolutionary questions (1988)

ABSTRACT Understanding the growth of craniofacial systems in mammals, particularly in man, has always posed problems. Such craniofacial systems are formed ontogenetically of multiple tissue types, and the contributions of these tissues do not obviously match the divisions of adult skeletal elements (see Thorogood, this volume). Even the kind and number of segments in the head region continue to attract attention (Maderson, 1987). Furthermore, craniofacial systems appear to show trends toward an unusual number of developmental abnormalities or teratologies. Many of these teratologies suggest that we are not looking at a simple coordinated whole (Salinas, 1982; Shprintzen, 1982); rather, it seems as if multiple cranial and facial components incur differential growth either symmetrically or asymmetrically. It seems instructive to treat the basis of this curious array of complications from an evolutionary viewpoint, considering two aspects, adaptation and history.
Influence of Ultra-Fine Particle-Type on Properties of Very High-Strength Concrete (1999)

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Corneal sensation after cataract and refractive surgery (1998)

Most surgical procedures involving the anterior segment of the eye disrupt the normal organization of corneal innervation. Since denervation of the cornea results in impaired epithelial wound healing, increased epithelial permeability, decreased epithelial metabolic activity, and loss of cytoskeletal structures associated with cellular adhesion, it is important to identify the factors that determine the extent of neural regeneration. Mechanisms of corneal nerve damage and studies of corneal nerve fiber loss and reinnervation after cataract and refractive surgery--epikeratophakia, cryokeratomileusis, keratomileusis in situ, photorefractive keratectomy, laser in situ keratomileusis, and phacoemulsification--are reviewed and the decrease in corneal sensitivity, as a measure of corneal destruction and corneal metabolism, after these surgical procedures is compared.
Iatrogenic Illness on a General Medical Service at a University Hospital (1981)

We found that 36% of 815 consecutive patients on a general medical service of a university hospital had an iatrogenic illness. In 9% of all persons admitted, the incident was considered major in that it threatened life or produced considerable disability. In 2% of the 815 patients, the iatrogenic illness was believed to contribute to the death of the patient. Exposure to drugs was a particularly important factor in determining which patients had complications. Given the increasing number and complexity of diagnostic procedures and therapeutic agents, monitoring of untoward events is essential, and attention should be paid to educational efforts to reduce the risks of iatrogenic illness.
Changing Concepts in Spinal Epidural Abscess: A Report of 29 Cases (1990)

Abstract A review of our recent experience with spinal epidural abscess (SEA) reveals several important changing concepts in diagnosis, etiology, management, and outcome. All cases of SEA seen by our service from August 1975 to July 1989 were reviewed retrospectively, and 29 patients were identified (19 men and 10 women, aged 13-78 years). Abscesses were located in the lumbar (n = 21), thoracic (n = 7), and cervical (n = 1) epidural spaces. Gram-positive organisms were the infectious agent in 72% of the cases, and Staphyloccus aureus was the sole agent in 45% other agents were Gram-negative aerobes (n = 5), a Gram-negative anaerobe (n = 1), Mycobacterium tuberculosis(n = 1), and Sporotrichum schenckii(n = 1), the last occurring in a young woman with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Seventeen patients had concomitant extraspinal infections. Diagnosis was confirmed by myelography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. All patients underwent operative decompression and debridement; 2 required a second procedure for persistent infection. The most common operative findings were pus and granulation tissue in the epidural space (52%); the preoperative course correlated poorly with operative findings. The wound was closed primarily in 84% of cases. Postoperative intravenous antibiotic courses for the bacterial abscesses ranged from 1.5 to 6 weeks (median, 2 weeks), followed by antibiotics given orally for 0 to 6 weeks. Two patients died perioperatively. Neurological outcome was good in 21 patients and fair in 6 (mean follow-up, 1.4 years). Over the last 50 years the spectrum of organisms causing SEA has broadened, and the distinction between acute and chronic SEAs has minimal clinical significance. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging has come to have an adjunctive diagnostic role. Treatment by operative debridement, primary wound closure, and short courses of antibiotics given intravenously and orally has a consistently good result, and prognosis has markedly improved.
purification (2008)

Many complete information games have equilibria only in mixed strategies, where players are required to randomize over pure strategies among which they are indifferent according to a fixed probability distribution. Harsanyi showed that, if such a game were perturbed – with each player observing an idiosyncratic independent payoff shock with continuous support – then the perturbed games will have pure strategy equilibria which will converge to the mixed strategy equilibrium as the perturbations become small. We review the strong conditions on perturbations under which Harsanyi’s result holds and discuss weaker conditions on perturbations which ensure the existence of pure strategy equilibria without approximating all mixed equilibria of the unperturbed game.
Flash Chromatography Method Development (2019)

Flash chromatography is a rapid separation and purification technique used by organic, medicinal, and natural product chemists to isolate one or more compounds in crude chemical mixtures. Flash chromatography requires only a few items—a solid, inert sorbent, a sturdy, inert column, solvents, and a pump or vacuum source. Though, most chemists use automated flash systems with built-in pumps, gradient making capability, in-line detectors, and fraction collectors, all controlled by relatively simple-to-use software. As with any chromatographic technique, the results obtained are dependent on several factors so in order to insure success goals should be set. Chemists use flash chromatography for one reason—to purify and isolate the compound synthesized. Flash chromatography itself is not an overly difficult technique; however, it is the sample complexity that challenges most chemists. Thin-layer chromatography can be a chemist’s most important tool for purifying crude mixtures.
Boundary single-layer routing with movable terminals (1991)

The authors study a generalization of previous results on the boundary single-layer routing (BSLR) problem. In the BSLR problem, there is a planar graph, a collection of terminals on the boundary of the infinite face, and a set of multiterminal nets. A solution of BSLR consists of a set of vertex disjoint trees interconnecting the terminals belonging to the same (multiterminal) net. An algorithm, unifying and generalizing previous BSLR algorithms, to solve an arbitrary instance of BSLR, is presented. Problems involving slidable terminals (i.e. when terminals can slide within a certain range on the boundary) and permutable terminals (i.e. when positions of some terminals (going to the same gate) can be interchanged) are optimally solved. The proposed algorithm runs in O(e) time, where e is the number of edges in the input graph. The results are extended to handle gridless routing environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development and…What? New Perspective for the Disarmament and Development Debate (1985)

SUMMARY Two and a half decades of attempts to link disarmament to development have largely failed. This article analyses the reasons for this failure and the implications for the Third World of the collapse of the consensus which previously underpinned East?West arms control negotiations. In addition, the accumulation of armaments in the Third World poses more problems than it answers. In the interests of both development and security, the concept of disarmament should be redefined. In place of the idea that a percentage of military expenditure from the North should be directed into a development fund for the South, and variations on this theme, the authors argue that a movement towards alternative defence structures linked to a broader alternative security regime would provide better prospects for positive change. SOMMAIRE Développement et… Quoi? Une nouvelle perspective pour le débat sur le désarmement et le développement Deux décennies et demie de tentatives pour la liaison du désarmement au développement ont grandement échoué. Cet article analyse les raisons de cet échec et les conséquences pour le Tiers Monde de l'écroulement du consensus qui auparavant étayait les négociations du contrôle de l'armement entre l'Est et l'Ouest. En outre, l'accumulation d'armes dans les pays du Tiers Monde pose plus de problèmes qu'elle n'en résout. Dans l'intérêt du développement et de la sécurité, le concept du désarmement devrait être redéfini. Au lieu d'une idée qu'un pourcentage des dépenses militaires du Nord devrait être dirigé vers un fond de développement pour le Sud, et des variations sur ce thème, les auteurs prouvent qu'un mouvement vers d'autres structures de défence lié à un régime de sécurité à vue large fournirait de meilleures perspectives pour un changement positif. RESUMEN Desarrollo y…qué? Una nueva perspectiva para el debate sobre desarme y desarrollo Este artículo analiza las razones por las cuales el intento por vincular el desarme con el desarrollo durante dos décadas y media ha fracasado. También examina las implicaciones que para el Tercer Mundo tiene el colapso del consenso previamente subyacente a las negociaciones para el control de armas entre Este y Oeste. Además, la acumulación de armamentos en el Tercer Mundo crea más problemas que los que resuelve. El concepto de desarme ha de ser redefinido tanto en interés del desarrollo como en el de la seguridad. En vez de proponer un fondo de desarrollo para el sur basado en un porcentaje de los gastos militares del Norte (o variaciones sobre lo mismo), los autores afirman que un movimiento hacia estructuras alternativas de defensa, ligadas a un régimen de seguridad alternativa más amplio, proporcionaría mejores posibilidades para un cambio positivo.
CT-guided stereotaxic evacuation of hypertensive intracerebral hematomas (1984)

✓ Computerized tomography (CT) is now available for diagnosis and localization of intracerebral hematoma. Computerized tomography-guided stereotaxic evacuation of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma was performed in 51 cases: 34 basal ganglion hematomas with or without ventricular perforation, 11 subcortical hematomas, three thalamic hematomas, and three cerebellar hematomas. Three-dimensional CT images or biplane CT images were taken to determine the coordinates of the target point, which was the center of the hematoma. A silicone tube (3.5 mm in outer diameter and 2.1 mm in inner diameter) was then inserted into the center of the hematoma through a burr-hole under local anesthesia, and the liquefied or solid portion of the hematoma was aspirated with a syringe. Immediately after the first trial of hematoma aspiration, urokinase (6000 IU/5 ml saline) was administered through this silicone tube and the drain was clipped. Subsequently, aspiration and infusion of urokinase were repeated every 6 or 12 hours until the hematoma was completely evacuated. The silicone tube was removed when repeat CT scanning revealed no residual hematoma. The follow-up results indicate that this procedure is as good as conventional craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma under direct vision. This CT-guided stereotaxic approach for evacuation of the hematoma has the following advantages: 1) the procedure is simple and safe; 2) the operation can be performed under local anesthesia; and 3) the hematoma is completely drained with the aid of urokinase. This procedure seems indicated as an emergency treatment for elderly or high-risk patients who show no signs of cerebral herniation.
Standing wave and skin effects in large-area, high-frequency capacitive discharges (2002)

Large-area capacitive discharges driven at frequencies higher than the usual industrial frequency of 13.56 MHz have attracted recent interest for materials etching and thin film deposition on large-area substrates. Standing wave and skin effects can be important limitations for plasma processing uniformity, which cannot be described by conventional electrostatic theory. An electromagnetic theory is developed for a discharge having two plates of radius R and separation 2l, which accounts for the propagation of surface and evanescent waves from the discharge edge into the centre and the role of capacitive and inductive fields in driving the power absorption. Examples of discharge fields are given having substantial standing wave and/or skin effects. The conditions for a uniform discharge without significant standing wave and skin effects are found to be, respectively, λ0>>2.6(l/s)1/2R and δ>>0.45(dR)1/2, where λ0 is the free space wavelength, s is the sheath width, δ = c/ωp is the collisionless skin depth, with c the speed of light and ωp the plasma frequency, and d = l-s is the plasma half-width. Taking the equality for these conditions for a discharge radius of 50 cm, plate separation of 4 cm, and sheath width of 2 mm, there is a substantial skin effect for plasma densities ≳1010 cm-3, and there is a substantial standing wave effect for frequencies f≳70 MHz.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLES IN SYNTHESIS. DIPEPTIDES VIA UNMASKING OF 5‐ACYL‐ AND 5‐ACYLOXYAMINOOXAZOLES (1984)

Abstract Dipeptide wie (III) oder (VIII) werden mit Trifluoressigsäureanhydrid in die Oxazole (IVa) bzw. (IX) übergeführt.
The Drift Toward Problem Behavior During the Transition to Adolescence: The Contributions of Youth Disclosure, Parenting, and Older Siblings (2011)

Prospective associations of mothers' parenting processes, youth disclosure and youth problem behavior were examined in a longitudinal design following 244 adolescent sibling dyads over a three year period. For both siblings, authoritative parenting was positively associated with youth disclosure and negatively related to problem behavior, and coercive parenting was negatively associated with youth disclosure and positively related to problem behavior. When the influence of older sibling problem behavior on younger sibling problem behavior was modeled, younger sibling disclosure accounted for the relationship of maternal parenting processes to problem behavior. Findings indicate the important role of sibling influence in the development of problem behavior, contextualizing the relative roles of maternal parenting and youth disclosure in the transmission of risk.