gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on lymphocyte function and growth of mammary tumors in mice. (1997)

We studied the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lymphocyte function and growth of a transplantable murine mammary tumor. In experiment 1, eight-wk-old female Balb/c mice (n = 8/group) were fed 0.1%, 0.3% or 0.9% CLA for 3 or 6 wk. Lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-2 production and lymphocyte cytotoxicity were assessed using splenic lymphocytes. Plasma CLA concentrations increased in a dose-dependent manner with CLA feeding. Lymphocyte proliferation in mice fed 0.3% and 0.9% CLA was enhanced in phytohemagglutinin-induced but not in concanavalin A- or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cultures. Production of IL-2 also was stimulated by CLA. In contrast, CLA had no effect on lymphocyte cytotoxicity. In experiment 2, mice (n = 20/treatment) were fed the same diets for 2 wk before being infused with 1 x 10(6) WAZ-2T metastatic mammary tumor cells into the right inguinal mammary gland. Tumor volume and latency were recorded for 45 d. Dietary CLA did not affect mammary tumor growth. Tumor latency, tumor incidence and tumor lipid peroxidation activity also were unaffected by CLA. Body weight and feed intake were similar among treatments. Therefore, dietary CLA modulated certain aspects of the immune defense but had no obvious effect on the growth of an established, aggressive mammary tumor.
Engagement driven Topic Selection for an Information-Giving Agent (2015)

We propose a model for conversational agents to select the topic of interaction in agent-initiated information-giving chat. By taking into account the agent's dynamically updated perception of the user's engagement, the agent's own preferences and its associations between topics, the agent tries to select the topic that max-imises the agent and user's combined engagement. The model offers engagement driven dialogue management on the topic level.
Flow cytometric assessment of peripheral blood contamination and proliferative activity of human bone marrow cell populations (1995)

Bone marrow aspiration is superior to bone marrow biopsies due to less discomfort to the volunteer or patient, but it is inferior concerning the reproducibility of cytokinetic information. Therefore, a method that could select aspirates of quality and reproducibility equal to those of biopsies was sought. Low-density (mononucleated) bone marrow cells were labelled with T200 common leukocyte antigen, CD45, which differentiate cells into erythroid, myeloid, and lymphocyte + monocyte subpopulations based on their immunofluorescence intensity. A hypotonic propidium iodide solution was added, and DNA cell cycle characteristics of the total cells and the subpopulations were obtained. Twenty-two aspirations were performed on three healthy men. There was a strong negative correlation between the amount of CD45-gated lymphocytes + monocytes, indicative of peripheral blood cell contamination in the aspirate, and the percentage of total cells and subpopulations in DNA S phase. A marked reduction in the percentage of cells in S phase was observed when the lymphocyte + monocyte counts were higher than 30%; this level was used to exclude aspirates with an unacceptable degree of peripheral blood cell admixture. Twelve of the aspirates were found to be of acceptable quality due to their low lymphocyte + monocyte count. These aspirates were compared with 11 bone marrow biopsy expellates from hematologically normal patients undergoing open cardiac surgery. The 12 aspirates were found to have almost identical mean percent S-phase cells as the biopsy expellates, both for the total cell population (14% +/- 3.45% vs. 15% +/- 1.5%) and for the erythroid (24% +/- 6% vs. 24.4% +/- 3.3%) and myeloid (10% +/- 2.4% vs. 10.7% +/- 2.5%) subpopulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sequentially Adaptive Backward Prediction in ADPCM Speech Coders (1978)

Several questions concerning the performance in ADPCM systems of sequentially adaptive backward predictors based on the adaptive gradient and Kalman-type algorithms are addressed. Using a Jayant-type adaptive quantizer, it is shown that for bit rates less than 16 kbits/s with second order predictors and for bit rates less 18.4 kbits/s with fourth order predictors, backward-adaptive predictors have a definite performance advantage over fixed-tap predictors, since the latter may cause system divergence. For higher bit rates, the adaptive gradient predictor offers no advantage over a second order fixed-tap predictor; however, the Kalman predictor produces a substantial performance increment over the fixed-tap predictor. It is also shown that the Kalman predictor maintains a significant advantage over the adaptive gradient predictor for all bit rates from 12.8 to 32 kbits/s. Finally, it is noted that the ADPCM system divergence that occurs for fixed, multiple-tap predictors and a Jayant quantizer is caused by predictor mismatch with the input signal coupled with the infinite quantizer memory. This problem can be corrected by a modification to the quantizer adaptation logic.
Synthesis of 1‐functionalized‐6‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl and 6,11‐dihydroxy‐4‐methylnaphtho[2,3‐<i>g</i>]isoquinoline‐5,12‐quinones (1991)

Abstract Using 2‐methoxy‐ and 2,5‐dimethoxyacetophenones 8a and 8b as starting materials, 1‐chloro‐4‐methylisoquinoline‐5,8‐quinone ( 6 ) and its 6‐bromo derivative 7 were obtained via multistep sequences. Whereas Diels‐Alder condensation of the former compound with homophthalic anhydride ( 22 ) led to a mixture of the two possible isomers: 1‐chloro‐11‐hydroxy‐4‐methylnaphtho[2,3‐ g ]isoquinoline‐5,12‐quinone ( 23 ) and 1‐chloro‐6‐hydroxy‐4‐methylnaphtho[2,3‐ g ]isoquinoline‐5,12‐quinone ( 24 ), this last tetracyclic chloroquinone was specifically obtained from 6‐bromo‐1‐chloro‐4‐methylisoquinoline‐5,8‐quinone ( 7 ) and homophthalic anhydride. The 6,11‐dihydroxy derivative was then prepared by ammonium nitrate oxidation or photochemically by cycloaddition of benzocyclobutenedione ( 28 ) and 1‐chloro‐4‐methylisoquinoline‐5,8‐quinone ( 6 ). Chloro compounds were easily substituted by diamines to provide corresponding 1‐amino substituted hydroxy tetracyclic quinones.
A critical investigation into the antibiotic sterilization of heart valve homografts (1974)

<b>Waterworth, Pamela M., Lockey, Eunice, Berry, E. M., and Pearce, Helen M. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 432-436. <b>A critical investigation into the antibiotic sterilization of heart valve homografts.</b> Sterility tests of homograft heart valves sterilized by antibiotics were found to be invalidated by carry-over of the antibiotics. A method was devised to test the efficacy of different antibiotic mixtures using membrane filters. Fifty-five organisms, including 13 species, were tested, and sterility was achieved with only 35.
Spectrum occupancy analysis based on radio monitoring network (2012)

As the demand for wireless communication system grows, the need for radio spectrum increases accordingly. In this context, cognitive radio has emerged as a breakthrough for effective utilization of radio spectrum. In order to realize dynamic spectrum management in the future, it is imperative to possess a thorough understanding about how wireless spectrum behaves over time, frequency, and space, etc. In this paper, we report the spectrum occupancy measurement campaign conducted in the frequency range of 20–3000MHz based on the radio monitoring network in Yunnan Province. Spectrum occupancy with space and time dependent characteristic at six typical fixed stations are obtained. The measurement results show relatively low spectrum occupancy with great potential for dynamic usage of spectrum. Besides, the ambient noise has a great influence on the measurement results, thus its calibration is a key issue in radio monitoring which is based on energy detection.
Database usage in telecommunications through CORBA (2002)

Distributed object technology, CORBA in particular, will be the basis for the next generation of telecommunications software. Intelligent Networks Long-Term Architecture, Telecommunications Management Network, Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture are all based on object technology. The Telecommunications Task Force of OMG is actively working towards CORBA-based solutions. We present a discussion of how the standard CORBA services specified by OMG can be used to provide access to telecommunications databases. The challenging task is to introduce database objects into Object Request Broker without registering each database object as an ORB object. The RODAIN Object-Oriented Database Adapter (ROODA) is the author's solution to bring database objects and services for CORBA clients. The ROODA implements interfaces that will provide the essentials parts of the persistent object service, object transaction service, and object query service as well as the dynamic skeleton interface. Databases are important building blocks in modern telecommunications systems. The requirements for database architectures to be used in the telecommunications originate in the following areas: real-time access to data, fault tolerance, distribution, object orientation, efficiency, flexibility, multiple interfaces, and compatibility with other object standards.
Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals Extraction from Kraft Pulp Using Ammonium Persulfate as Low Cost Source & Sustainable Method for High Quality Flexible Packaging Bio-coating (2015)

One of the leading challenges presented in 21st century for packaging industry is to address the growing environmental problems related to non-renewable flexible packaging. This leads to new growing interest in bio-based materials, among them cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which have already shown good performance in improving anti-fog and oxygen & water vapor barrier properties when applied to flexible film. A fast and low-cost CNC extraction was explored in this research by using unbleached Kraft pulp as the cellulosic source and treatment with ammonium persulfate as sustainable method for extraction. Presence of CNCs and its properties were verified and investigated using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). CNCs were then used to coat PET plastic film and were subjected to contact angle measurement, oxygen permeability, transparence, and haze for comparison. Tests have shown excellent barrier and optical properties, comparable to cotton linter CNC coating extracted using acid hydrolysis, even with lower amount of CNC and thinner coating used by Kraft pulp. Making CNC bio-coating more affordable can reduce the amount of plastic usage in production leading to reduction of total weight, which can provide economic benefit to producers and environmental benefit through reduced energy use during transport.
The PP1 binding code: a molecular‐lego strategy that governs specificity (2012)

Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a single-domain hub protein with nearly 200 validated interactors in vertebrates. PP1-interacting proteins (PIPs) are ubiquitously expressed but show an exceptional diversity in brain, testis and white blood cells. The binding of PIPs is mainly mediated by short motifs that dock to surface grooves of PP1. Although PIPs often contain variants of the same PP1 binding motifs, they differ in the number and combination of docking sites. This molecular-lego strategy for binding to PP1 creates holoenzymes with unique properties. The PP1 binding code can be described as specific, universal, degenerate, nonexclusive and dynamic. PIPs control associated PP1 by interference with substrate recruitment or access to the active site. In addition, some PIPs have a subcellular targeting domain that promotes dephosphorylation by increasing the local concentration of PP1. The diversity of the PP1 interactome and the properties of the PP1 binding code account for the exquisite specificity of PP1 in vivo.
The general linear model (2009)

Two-compartment models do a good job of accounting for the behavior of the normal lung over a modest range of ventilation frequencies or stress-adaptation time scales. Of course, these models do not come close to representing the structural complexities of a real lung, so one can easily imagine that a model with more than two compartments might provide an improved account of lung mechanical behavior. This is particularly true for behavior pertaining to extended scales of time or frequency, or when the lungs become heterogeneous in disease. In principle, there is no limit to the number of compartments such a model could possess. Dealing with such models might sound like a daunting prospect, given the algebraic machinations presented in the previous chapter for models with only two compartments. Fortunately, the tools of linear systems theory, and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) in particular, come to the rescue. These tools apply so long as the lung can be considered to behave as a collection of linear compartments, each behaving like the model in Fig. 3.1. In this chapter, we examine the principal tools of linear systems theory and see how they apply to the study of lung mechanics.
A Low-Cost Single-Event Latchup Mitigation Sscheme (2006)

Single-event latchup is one of the most threatening single event effects as the induced current may destroy the affected device. Existing latchup mitigation schemes may induce a very high area cost or may require modifying the fabrication process. In this paper we present a new single-event latchup mitigation approach implemented at design level that protects devices from destruction and preserve circuit state at very low area cost
Integrated microstrip shorted antenna using hybrid active circulator (2002)

The design of an integrated microstrip shorted antenna using hybrid active circulator is presented to produce a fully duplexed transceiver with transmit and receive operation at the same frequency and with the same polarization. This design is compatible with the MMIC technology since ferrite circulator needed for duplexer is avoided by a hybrid active circulator based on phase cancellation technique. This integrated active circulator antenna has potential uses in both short-range communication systems and radar systems. Arrays of these elements could overcome the power handling problems that limit the performance of current active circulators.
Plasma collection using an automated membrane device (1986)

A plasmapheresis device with both membrane filtration and centrifugation features was tested. The device permits the collection of 500 ml of plasma within 30 minutes; when run at a 1:12.5 ratio with acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD-A) the resultant plasma factor VIII levels were 1.05 units per ml and the albumin was 41 g per l. Free hemoglobin was not detected, and there was no evidence of fibrinopeptide A, prekallikrein, or activation of complement. The plasma had a zero hematocrit value and contained few platelets and white cells. Before and after the procedure, donors and aliquots from the return line did not show any significant effect on cell count or function. This device functioned well to collect plasma for infusion or fractionation and was accepted well by donors. A major advantage is the relatively low cost for the software package ($15.00, US, 1985), which should make plasmapheresis with this device economically feasible.
H2O2-sensitive Fur-like Repressor CatR Regulating the Major Catalase Gene in Streptomyces coelicolor (2000)

Streptomyces coelicolor produces three distinct catalases to cope with oxidative and osmotic stresses and allow proper growth and differentiation. The major vegetative catalase A (CatA) is induced by H(2)O(2) and is required for efficient aerobic growth. In order to investigate the H(2)O(2)-dependent regulatory mechanism, an H(2)O(2)-resistant mutant (HR40) overproducing CatA was isolated from S. coelicolor A3(2). Based on the genetic map location of the mutated locus in HR40, the wild type catR gene was isolated from the ordered cosmid library of S. coelicolor by screening for its ability to suppress the HR40 phenotype. catR encodes a protein of 138 amino acids (15319 Da), with sequence homology to ferric uptake regulator (Fur)-like proteins. Disruption of catR caused CatA overproduction as observed in the HR40 mutant, confirming the role of CatR as a negative regulator of catA expression. The levels of catA and catR transcripts were higher in HR40 than in the wild type, implying that CatR represses transcription of these genes. Transcripts from the catA and catR genes were induced within 10 min of H(2)O(2) treatment, suggesting that the repressor activity of CatR may be directly modulated by H(2)O(2). A putative CatR-binding site containing an inverted repeat of 23 base pairs was localized upstream of the catA and catR gene, on the basis of sequence comparison and deletion analysis. CatR protein purified in the presence of dithiothreitol bound to this region, whereas oxidized CatR, treated with H(2)O(2) or diamide, did not. The redox shift of CatR involved thiol-disulfide exchange as judged by modification of free thiols with 4-acetamido-4'-maleimidylstilbene-2,2'-disulfonate. From these results we propose that CatR regulates its downstream target genes as a repressor whose DNA binding ability is directly modulated by redox changes in the cell.
Complex Permittivity Model for Time Domain Reflectometry Soil Water Content Sensing: I. Theory (2009)

Despite numerous applications of time‐domain reflectometry (TDR), serious difficulties remain in estimating accurate soil water contents under field conditions, especially in fine‐textured soils. We developed a physically based calibration model to predict the frequency‐ and temperature‐dependent complex dielectric response of soils. The model was used to predict frequency‐dependent attenuation and a single “effective” frequency approximation of apparent permittivity of the soil. Effective frequency was predicted to decline from 450 to 160 MHz as water contents increased from air dry to saturation. Predicted frequency decline was small for an input bandwidth of 130 MHz, reflecting that modeled polarization mechanisms associated with relaxation frequencies above 100 MHz were responsible for most of the frequency‐dependent attenuation. For specific surface areas ranging from 150 to 300 m 2 g −1 , simulations indicate that ignoring dielectric and conductive losses or the associated decline in effective frequency results in a 5 to 22% underestimation of the apparent permittivity. Both the power‐law and de Loor–Dobson mixing models gave a reasonable approximation to the measured apparent permittivity for a silty clay loam (34% clay) across the entire water content range. Moreover, the models were able to describe the behavior of apparent permittivity in response to temperature for two soils with contrasting bulk electrical conductivity contributions to losses. These results demonstrate that loss mechanisms and declines in effective frequency need to be considered to accurately predict the soil water content of fine‐textured soils.
Events in the endoplasmic reticulum abrogate the temperature sensitivity of Sindbis virus mutant ts23 (1996)

Temperature-sensitive mutations in proteins produced at or heated to a nonpermissive temperature render the proteins defective in some aspect of their maturation into functional entities. The characterization of temperature-sensitive mutations in model proteins, such as virus membrane proteins, has allowed the elucidation of critical events in the maturation of virus membranes as well as in the intracellular folding, processing, and transport of membrane proteins in general. We have used a transport-defective, temperature-sensitive mutant of Sindbis virus, ts23, which has two amino acid changes in the envelope protein E1, to further examine requirements placed upon the glycoproteins for their export to the plasma membrane. Pulse-chase experiments in which we utilized the transport inhibitors monensin and brefeldin A allowed us to synthesize and assemble the glycoproteins of ts23 into export-competent heterodimers at the permissive temperature while concurrently blocking their export to the cell surface. After removal of the inhibitors and a shift to the nonpermissive temperature, we assayed for protein transport, cell-cell fusion, and infectious-particle production. Taken together, the data show that the irreversible loss of the temperature-sensitive phenotype of ts23 can be correlated with the folding of E1 and the formation of export-competent PE2-E1 heterodimers in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, we have found that E1 pairs with PE2 to form the heterodimer prior to the completion of E1 folding.
Additive manufacturing in construction: A review on processes, applications, and digital planning methods (2019)

The application of additive manufacturing (AM) in construction has been increasingly studied in recent years. Large robotic arm- and gantry-systems have been created to print building parts using aggregate-based materials, metals, or polymers. Significant benefits of AM are the automation of the production process, a high degree of design freedom, and the resulting potential for optimization. However, the building components and 3D-printing processes need to be modeled appropriately. In this paper, the current state of AM in construction is reviewed. AM processes and systems as well as their application in research and construction projects are presented. Moreover, digital methods for planning 3D-printed building parts and AM processes are described.
Optical phase conjugation of picosecond pulses at 106 μm in Sn_2P_2S_6:Te for wavefront correction in high-power Nd-doped amplifier systems (2009)

We report, for the first time to our knowledge, on picosecondpulse optical phase conjugation using photorefractive Sn(2)P(2)S(6) crystals. For 7.2-ps pulses at 1.06 mum, we have achieved phase-conjugate reflectivities of up to 45% with very fast build-up times, about 15 ms at an intensity of 23 W/cm(2) using Te-doped Sn(2)P(2)S(6). We furthermore demonstrate aberration-free 5 W optical output of 8-ps pulses at 1.06 mum from a side pumped Nd:YVO(4) amplifier using the Sn(2)P(2)S(6)-based phase-conjugate feedback.
Spontaneous speech: how people really talk and why engineers should care (2005)

Spontaneous conversation is optimized for human-human communication, but differs in some important ways from the types of speech for which human language technology is often developed. This overview describes four fundamental properties of spontaneousspeech that present challenges for spoken language applications because they violate assumptions often applied in automatic processing technology.