gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-vivo evidence that high mobility group box 1 exerts deleterious effects in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model and Parkinson's disease which can be attenuated by glycyrrhizin (2016)

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear and cytosolic protein that is released during tissue damage from immune and non-immune cells - including microglia and neurons. HMGB1 can contribute to progression of numerous chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases which is mediated in part by interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). There is increasing evidence from in vitro studies that HMGB1 may link the two main pathophysiological components of Parkinson's disease (PD), i.e. progressive dopaminergic degeneration and chronic neuroinflammation which underlie the mechanistic basis of PD progression. Analysis of tissue and biofluid samples from PD patients, showed increased HMGB1 levels in human postmortem substantia nigra specimens as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of PD patients. In a mouse model of PD induced by sub-acute administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), systemic administration of neutralizing antibodies to HMGB1 partly inhibited the dopaminergic cell death, and reduced the increase of RAGE and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. The small natural molecule glycyrrhizin, a component from liquorice root which can directly bind to HMGB1, both suppressed MPTP-induced HMGB1 and RAGE upregulation while reducing MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell death in a dose dependent manner. These results provide first in vivo evidence that HMGB1 serves as a powerful bridge between progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration and chronic neuroinflammation in a model of PD, suggesting that HMGB1 is a suitable target for neuroprotective trials in PD.
Classification of ‘Anaerocellum thermophilum’ strain DSM 6725 as Caldicellulosiruptor bescii sp. nov. (2009)

The thermophilic, cellulolytic, anaerobic bacterium 'Anaerocellum thermophilum' strain Z-1320 was isolated from a hot spring almost two decades ago and deposited in the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ) as DSM 6725. The organism was classified as representing a new genus, 'Anaerocellum', primarily on its growth physiology, cell-wall type and morphology. The results of recent physiological studies and of phylogenetic and genome sequence analyses of strain DSM 6725 of 'A. thermophilum' obtained from the DSMZ showed that its properties differed from those originally described for strain Z-1320. In particular, when compared with strain Z-1320, strain DSM 6725 grew at higher temperatures and had an expanded range of growth substrates. Moreover, the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DSM 6725 fell within the Caldicellulosiruptor clade. It is therefore suggested that 'Anaerocellum thermophilum' should be classified as a member of the genus Caldicellulosiruptor, for which the name Caldicellulosiruptor bescii sp. nov. is proposed (type strain DSM 6725(T)=ATCC BAA-1888(T)). C. bescii sp. nov. DSM 6725(T) is the most thermophilic cellulose-degrading organism known. The strain was able to grow up to 90 degrees C (pH 7.2) and degraded crystalline cellulose and xylan as well as untreated plant biomass, including potential bioenergy plants such as poplar and switchgrass.
An appraisal of the bentonite flocculation test in the detection of bovine tuberculosis. (1973)

In this further study, an exhaustive investigation into the value of the bentonite flocculation test in detecting tuberculosis in cattle was made on a group of 358 cattle, with known intradermal (ID) tuberculin reactions and with or without tuberculosis lesions. Bentonite sensitized with human old tuberculin (OT) and a purified BCG carbohydrate fraction (BCG-F1) were used. In the group of 126 cows with tuberculosis lesions, 113 were positive to the tuberculin ID test and there were also 113 positive reactions to the flocculation test using OT sensitized bentonite. Only 62 were positive using the BCG-F1 sensitized bentonite. Out of the 232 animals with no visible lesions, 114 reacted positively to the tuberculin ID test, 148 had a titer to the flocculation test using OT sensitized bentonite and 70 were positive when using BCG-F1 sensitized bentonite.
Acoustics of Bubble Arrays: Role Played by the Dipole Response of Bubbles (2018)

A model for acoustic transmission through a 2D square crystal of R-radius bubbles with a lattice constant L was previously proposed. Assuming a purely monopole response of the bubbles, this model offers a simple analytical expression of the transmission. However, it is not applicable when the bubbles are too close to each other (L/R < 5). This article proposes an extension of the model by including the dipole response of the bubbles. Comparisons with numerical and experimental results show that the new expression gives a good estimate of the concentration at which the monopole model is no longer valid, but fails at properly predicting the transmission.
A Comparison of Amphotericin B Alone and Combined with Flucytosine in the Treatment of Cryptoccal Meningitis (1979)

We compared amphotericin B therapy for cryptococcal meningitis with a newer regimen containing both amphotericin B and flucytosine. In 50 patients with 51 courses of therapy adherent to the protocol, 27 courses were with amphotericin B and 24 with the combination. Even though the combination regimen was given for only six weeks and amphotericin B for 10 weeks, the combination cured or improved more patients (16 vs 11), produced fewer failures or relapses (three vs. 11), more rapid sterilization of the cerebrospinal fluid (P less than 0.001) and less nephrotoxicity (P less than 0.05) than did amphotericin B alone. The number of deaths was the same (five) with each regimen. Adverse reactions to flucytosine occurred in 11 of 34 patients but were not life threatening. We conclude that combined flucytosine-amphoericin B therapy is the regimen of choice in cryptococcal meningitis.
Turbine system identification: experimental results (2002)

A series of tests were conducted on a land based GE gas turbine to determine its dynamic characteristics. At each operating point, models were evaluated on the basis of how well they fit two different sets of data. The data differed in the way the excitation signal entered the system. The objective was to obtain an accurate transient model of the turbine that could be used for controller design. The results show that least squares identification is an effective method for accurately modeling gas turbine systems. This paper gives an brief overview of the results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HIPK2 is a new drug target for anti-fibrosis therapy in kidney disease (2015)

In vitro and animal studies continue to elucidate the mechanisms of fibrosis and have led to advancements in treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cirrhosis, but the search for treatments for renal fibrosis has been more disappointing. Here, we will discuss homeodomain-interacting-protein kinase 2 (HIPK2), a novel regulator of fibrosis that acts upstream of major fibrosis signaling pathways. Its key role in renal fibrosis has been validated in vitro and in several murine models of chronic kidney diseases (CKD).
Cyclooligomerization of Butadiene and Transition Metal π‐Complexes (1963)

Abstract Advances in the fields of synthesis and reactions of some medium‐sized hydrocarbon rings are reported and in connection therewith on novel π‐complexes of transition metals. Catalytic syntheses yield 1,5,9‐cyclododecatriene, 1,5‐cyclooctadiene, and 1,5‐cyclodecadiene either from butadiene or from butadiene and ethylene. The reactions proceed very readily.
The piglet as a model for studying dietary components in infant diets: effects of galacto-oligosaccharides on intestinal functions (2015)

Prebiotic oligosaccharides, including galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), are used in infant formula to mimic human milk oligosaccharides, which are known to have an important role in the development of the intestinal microbiota and the immune system in neonates. The maturation of the intestines in piglets closely resembles that of human neonates and infants. Hence, a neonatal piglet model was used to study the multi-faceted effect of dietary GOS in early life. Naturally farrowed piglets were separated from the mother sow 24-48 h postpartum and received a milk replacer with or without the addition of GOS for 3 or 26 d, whereafter several indicators of intestinal colonisation and maturation were measured. Dietary GOS was readily fermented in the colon, leading to a decreased pH, an increase in butyric acid in caecum digesta and an increase in lactobacilli and bifidobacteria numbers at day 26. Histomorphological changes were observed in the intestines of piglets fed a GOS diet for 3 or 26 d. In turn, differences in the intestinal disaccharidase activity were observed between control and GOS-fed piglets. The mRNA expression of various tight junction proteins was up-regulated in the intestines of piglet fed a GOS diet and was not accompanied by an increase in protein expression. GOS also increased defensin porcine β-defensin-2 in the colon and secretory IgA levels in saliva. In conclusion, by applying a neonatal piglet model, it could be demonstrated that a GOS-supplemented milk replacer promotes the balance of the developing intestinal microbiota, improves the intestinal architecture and seems to stimulate the intestinal defence mechanism.
The preparation of some fluorobenzothiasoles (1965)

Abstract The seven possible monofluoro‐2‐phenylbenzothiazoles have been prepared. Each was prepared by potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) oxidation of the appropriately substituted thiobenzanilide. Several were also prepared via a benzyne intermediate through treatment of suitable thiobenzanilides with potassium amide and liquid ammonia.
팽화미분 첨가에 따른 타락죽의 pH, 수분, 고형분, 총당, amylose, 점도, 퍼짐성 그리고 색도 변화 (2009)

팽화미분을 활용한 타락죽의 제품화를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해서 팽화미분 첨가에 따른 타락죽의 pH, 수분, 고형분, 총당, 아밀로스, 점도, 퍼짐성 그리고 색도 변화를 조사하였다. 타락죽의 pH는 갈은 쌀로 제조한 시료가 팽화미분으로 제조한 시료보다 높았다. 그리고 분유를 첨가한 시료도 우유를 첨가한 시료보다 높았다(p<0.05). 수분 함량은 갈은 쌀과 분유를 혼합한 타락죽이 84.56%로 가장 높았고, 팽화미분과 우유를 혼합한 타락죽은 81.04%로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 고형분 함량은 수분함량과 반대되는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 총당 함량은 조리 시 가열처리한 시료 사이에서 유의적인 차이가 없었고 가열처리하지 않은 시료보다 높았다(p<0.05). 팽화미분으로 제조한 타락죽의 아밀로스 함량이 갈은 쌀로 제조한 타락죽보다 높았다(p<0.05). 점도는 갈은 쌀 타락죽이 팽화미분 타락죽보다 높았으며(p<0.05) 아밀로스 함량과 반비례하는 결과를 보였다. 퍼짐성은 점도와 상반되는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). L값은 갈은 쌀 타락죽이 팽화미분 타락죽보다 높았다. 적색도는 팽화미분 타락죽이 가장 높았으며(p<0.05), 갈은 쌀과 우유를 혼합한 시료가 가장 낮게 나타나 L값과 반대되는 결과를 보였다. 황색도는 a값과 유사한 경향을 보였다.
Novel and nonintrusive optical thermometer (1992)

We have developed a novel thermometer based on the small temperature-induced changes in the optical reflectivity of metals and semiconductors. A nulling optical bridge has been constructed which reduces the temperature measurement to the shot noise limit of the detector. Under ideal laboratory conditions, we have demonstrated a temperature resolution of 0.2 °C.
Microcoding: the second step in DNA barcoding (2005)

After the process of DNA barcoding has become well advanced in a group of organisms, as it has in the economically important fungi, the question then arises as to whether shorter and literally more barcode-like DNA segments should be utilized to facilitate rapid identification and, where applicable, detection. Through appropriate software analysis of typical full-length barcodes (generally over 500 base pairs long), uniquely distinctive oligonucleotide 'microcodes' of less than 25 bp can be found that allow rapid identification of circa 100-200 species on various array-like platforms. Microarrays can in principle fulfill the function of microcode-based species identification but, because of their high cost and low level of reusability, they tend to be less cost-effective. Two alternative platforms in current use in fungal identification are reusable nylon-based macroarrays and the Luminex system of specific, colour-coded DNA detection beads analysed by means of a flow cytometer. When the most efficient means of rapid barcode-based species identification is sought, a choice can be made either for one of these methodologies or for basic high-throughput sequencing, depending on the strategic outlook of the investigator and on current costs. Arrays and functionally similar platforms may have a particular advantage when a biologically complex material such as soil or a human respiratory secretion sample is analysed to give a census of relevant species present.
A placement policy to maximize the number of concurrent video streams supported in clustered video-on-demand servers (2003)

Clustered VOD (video-on-demand) servers, consisting of interconnected nodes and disks, have been proposed for large scale servers, that are capable of supporting multiple concurrent streams which access the video objects stored in the servers. One of the most important purposes of the clustered VOD servers is to maximize the number of concurrent requests supported in the servers. For this purpose, it is necessary to use a placement policy that can place video objects on the storage media efficiently. So, we suggested a new placement policy, WDG (Weighted Disk Groups) for a higher number of concurrent accesses. In particular our policy is designed to fully utilize the I/O bandwidth and of higher performance disks and characteristics of video objects. Lastly, we simulate a new policy and conventional policies through various environments and evaluate the performance of our policy.
Earliest Steps in Primary Tumor Formation and Micrometastasis Resolved with Histochemical Markers of Gene-tagged Tumor Cells (1998)

To facilitate detection of tumor cells at the highest resolution in any organ in athymic nude mouse model systems, a histochemical marker gene [bacterial lacZ or human placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] was transfected into specified transformed/tumor cells (fibrosarcoma or neuroblastoma). The fates of tumor cells were followed qualitatively and quantitatively by histochemical staining of whole organs or organ sections. Primary tumors developed initially via formation of "curly-haired" complexes of cells in the subcutis or dermis, followed by division of a large fraction of cells. When two tumor classes were mixed before injection, outgrowth occurred in regional concentrations of the primary tumor. Blood microvessels were detectable within 72 hr of injection, growing into tumor regions. iv injection routinely yielded multicellular foci in the lungs within minutes as precursors of experimental metastases. Micrometastasis was further resolved with cells "inactivated" by different treatments and by co-injection of two different tagged cell types. These approaches using different histochemical marker genes to "tag" different tumor cell classes, along with more advanced molecular biological approaches, permit us to characterize gene expression and its reversibility during the earliest stages of primary tumor formation and micrometastasis to virtually any organ in the recipient animal.
Viscosity of Several Liquid Hydrocarbons as a Function of Temperature, Pressure, and Free Volume (1967)

Viscosity measurements have been made on nine pure hydrocarbon liquids at six temperatures ranging from 15.56° to 135°C and at pressures as high as 4000 bars. The samples included rigid bicyclic compounds of relatively high symmetry and three n-alkanes, n-C12, n-C15, and n-C18. These data were analyzed using the Eyring significant-structure theory, the Cohen—Turnbull free-volume model, and the empirical Doolittle equations. All of these equations produced essentially identical fits to the data at atmospheric pressure. The hypothesis that the constants v0 and vs in these equations represent the specific volume of a ``solid'' or condensed phase was tested by comparing best-fit values of these constants with experimental values for the solid-phase specific volume. The Cohen—Turnbull and Doolittle equations were modified for use at elevated pressures with the result that the values of v0 necessary to satisfy the equations at high pressures were shown to be analogous to the specific volumes of a glassy state at high pressures. Further, the change in v0 as a function of pressure was compared with the change in the experimental values of the solid-phase volume at the melting point as a function of pressure and a definite correlation between the two was established.
Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and AmpC- producing Escherichia coli among healthcare workers (2015)

These findings highlight the increase in fecal carriage of E. coli carrying ESBL and AmpC genes among HCWs, which may be one of the causes of the spread of ESBL-producing bacteria in hospitals and requires sound infection control measures. This is the first study of the fecal carriage rate of E. coli carrying AmpC genes in HCWs.
Development and evaluation of a Computer-Assisted Management Protocol (CAMP): improved compliance with care guidelines for diabetes mellitus. (1994)

Disease-specific standards for directing patient management are becoming increasingly important. These standards, however, are often not followed because they are not sufficiently integrated into the clinical care setting. In this study we describe the development and evaluation of a Computer-Assisted Management Protocol (CAMP) of care guidelines for diabetes mellitus. While other studies have shown improved compliance with rule-based reminders, the CAMP customizes disease-specific care guidelines to individual patients over time. We evaluated the effect of the CAMP on compliance with guidelines in a prospective, randomized controlled study. The study was performed at a family practice clinic where much of the patient record is maintained electronically on The Medical Record (TMR). The management protocol was developed from standards published by the American Diabetes Association. Fifty-eight providers were randomized to either receive or not receive the CAMP for diabetes. Compliance with standards was assessed by chart audits of all encounters with diabetic patients during the study interval. The following conclusion was made: the Computer-Assisted Management Protocol resulted in a statistically significant improvement in compliance with diabetes care standards.
Apprenticeship learning for helicopter control (2009)

Autonomous helicopter flight is widely regarded to be a highly challenging control problem. As helicopters are highly unstable and exhibit complicated dynamical behavior, it is particularly difficult to design controllers that achieve high performance over a broad flight regime. While these aircraft are notoriously difficult to control, there are expert human pilots who are nonetheless capable of demonstrating a wide variety of maneuvers, including aerobatic maneuvers at the edge of the helicopter's performance envelope. In this paper, we present algorithms for modeling and control that leverage these demonstrations to build high-performance control systems for autonomous helicopters. More specifically, we detail our experiences with the Stanford Autonomous Helicopter, which is now capable of extreme aerobatic flight meeting or exceeding the performance of our own expert pilot.
Interactive electronic holography and 300-camera array in dense arrangement (2012)

We will describe interactive feature on an electronic holography system in this paper. In addition, we will introduce our developed 300-camera array in dense arrangement, the images captured by which are used to generate the holograms for the electronic holography system. Since the observer can specify viewpoint for observing the 3D objects using interactive feature, he or she could intuitively understand the 3D information more easily. This approach would have a variety of applications such as, for example, enabling a precious object in a museum to be viewed from desired direction.
Liquid chromatography/electrospray time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for the characterisation of cyclic phosphazenes (2010)

Cyclic phosphazenes with different substituents were synthesised and investigated by liquid chromatography (LC) and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene was functionalised with aliphatic substituents as alcohols and amines, leading to product mixtures, which were subsequently analysed. In contrast to classical methods of structural analysis such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or X-ray crystallography, which are restricted to pure compounds, these complex mixtures can favourably be analysed by means of LC/ESI-MS. The main products could be separated from by-products and, moreover, all the components of the unknown mixture were unambiguously identified by accurate mass measurements. For all compounds with different side-chain ratios, remaining chlorine atoms or hydroxyl groups and even for spiro or ansa products, molecular structures could be suggested.
The PegaSys System: pictures as formal documentation of large programs (1986)

PegsSys is an experimental system in which a user formally describes how a program is put together by means of a hierarchically structured collection of pictures, called formal dependency diagrams (FDDs). Icons in an FDD denote a wide range of data and control dependencies among the relatively coarse-grained entities contained in large programs. Dependencies considered atomic with respect to one level in a hierarchy can be decomposed into a number of dependencies at a lower level. Each dependency can be a predefined primitive of the FDD language or it can be defined by a PegaSys user in terms of the primitives. A PegsSys user is given the illusion that logical formulas do not exist, even though PegaSys reasons about them internally. This involves (1) checking whether an FDD is meaningful syntactically, (2) determining whether hierarchical refinements of an FDD are methodologically sound, and (3) deciding whether an FDD hierarchy is logically consistent with the program that it is intended to describe. The techniques used to provide these capabilities are discussed along with the logical properties that enable PegaSys to maintain the user illusion.
Cysteamine Suppresses Invasion, Metastasis and Prolongs Survival by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinases in a Mouse Model of Human Pancreatic Cancer (2012)

Our results suggest that cysteamine, an agent with a proven safety profile, may be useful for inhibition of metastasis and prolonging the survival of a host with pancreatic cancer.
Restriction-modification mediated barriers to exogenous DNA uptake and incorporation employed by Prevotella intermedia (2017)

Prevotella intermedia, a major periodontal pathogen, is increasingly implicated in human respiratory tract and cystic fibrosis lung infections. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms employed by this pathogen remain only partially characterized and poorly understood, largely due to its total lack of genetic accessibility. Here, using Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) genome and methylome sequencing, bisulfite sequencing, in addition to cloning and restriction analysis, we define the specific genetic barriers to exogenous DNA present in two of the most widespread laboratory strains, P. intermedia ATCC 25611 and P. intermedia Strain 17. We identified and characterized multiple restriction-modification (R-M) systems, some of which are considerably divergent between the two strains. We propose that these R-M systems are the root cause of the P. intermedia transformation barrier. Additionally, we note the presence of conserved Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) systems in both strains, which could provide a further barrier to exogenous DNA uptake and incorporation. This work will provide a valuable resource during the development of a genetic system for P. intermedia, which will be required for fundamental investigation of this organism's physiology, metabolism, and pathogenesis in human disease.