gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic therapy of cancer with histone deacetylase inhibitors (2014)

Epigenetics is the study of heritable alterations in gene expression that are not accompanied by the corresponding change in DNA sequence. Three interlinked epigenetic processes regulate gene expression at the level of chromatin, namely DNA methylation, nucleosomal remodeling and histone covalent modifications. Post-translational modifications that occur on certain amino acid residues of the tails of histone proteins modify chromatin structure and form the basis for "histone code". The enzymes Histone Acetyl Transferase (HAT) and Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) control the level of acetylation of histones and thereby alter gene expression. In many cancers, the balance between HAT and HDAC is altered. HDAC enzymes are grouped into four different classes namely Class I (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8), Class II (HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC9, and HDAC10), Class III HDAC and Class IV (HDAC11). Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACI) exert anticancer activity by promoting acetylation of histones as well as by promoting acetylation of non-histone protein substrates. The effects of HDACI on gene transcription are complex. They cause cell cycle arrest, inhibit DNA repair, induce apoptosis and acetylate non histone proteins causing downstream alterations in gene expression. HDACI are a diverse group of compounds, which vary in structure, biological activity, and specificity. In general, HDACIs contain a zinc-binding domain, a capping group, and a straight chain linker connecting the two. They are classified into four classes namely short chain fatty acids, hydroxamic acids, cyclic peptides and synthetic benzamides. This review describes the clinical utility of HDACI as monotherapy as well as combination therapy with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Adverse effects and shortcomings of treatment with HDACI are also discussed in detail.
The global economic cost of sea lice to the salmonid farming industry (2009)

The economic cost of a problem may be the best metric for prioritizing research and management resources. Other metrics could be based on ﬁsh welfare, and risks or impacts of parasiticides on the environment, farm staff or the consumer; but these are not addressed here. ...
Interaction between osteoblast and osteoclast: impact in bone disease. (2004)

The intercellular communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is crucial to bone homeostasis. Since Rodan and Martin proposed the control of osteoclasts by osteoblasts in the 1980s, many factors have been isolated from osteoblasts and shown to regulate the differentiation and function of osteoclasts. However, the mechanism by which osteoblasts regulate osteoclasts during bone remodelling is still unclear. On the other hand, it is well accepted that many metabolic bone diseases are associated with the disruption of the communication between osteoblast and osteoclasts. Thus, this review focuses on the cross-talk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts and its impact in bone disease.
Detecting Short Passages of Similar Text in Large Document Collections (2001)

This paper presents a statistical method for fingerprinting text. In a large collection of independently written documents each text is associated with a fingerprint which should be different from all the others. If fingerprints are too close then it is suspected that passages of copied or similar text occur in two documents. Our method exploits the characteristic distribution of word trigrams, and measures to determine similarity are based on set theoretic principles. The system was developed using a corpus of broadcast news reports and has been successfully used to detect plagiarism in students&apos; work. It can find small sections that are similar as well as those that are identical. The method is very simple and effective, but seems not to have been used before
Bacteries intestinales et immunomodulation : effet adjuvant de Bifidobacterium bifidum sur la reponse anticorps dans un modele animal (1993)

National audience
Diode-pumped Nd:YAG at 415-mW cw TEM00 10.8% total efficiency (1987)

Solid-state lasers with absorption bands between 0.7 and 0.9 μ m have been efficiently pumped by AlGaAs laser diode arrays. Previously, we reported 370-mW 1.06- μ m cw TEM 00 output from Nd:YAG end pumped by a monolithic (SDL-2430) 100- μ m laser diode array. Here we report 10.8% electrical to optical conversion efficiency for Nd:YAG at 415-mW 1.06- μ m cw TEM 00 output. The maximum cw output power was 465 mW (9.3% efficiency) in the TEM 00 mode, which is the highest cw power generated for the efficient end pump configuration.
Cyclic Voltammetry Studies of Polynucleotide Binding and Oxidation by Metal Complexes:  Homogeneous Electron-Transfer Kinetics (1996)

The cyclic voltammetry of Ru(bpy)32+ in the presence of calf thymus DNA has been studied. Theoretical simulations using DigiSim were performed for the voltammetry of the metal complex in the presence of DNA where the only interaction between the metal complex and DNA was electrostatic binding to the polyanion. The expected binding isotherm was obtained from the simulated voltammetry with input affinities similar to that of Ru(bpy)32+. The expected binding isotherm was not obtained for simulations with high affinities (>106 M-1) expected for intercalating complexes that exhibit neighbor exclusion, because the commercially available version of DigiSim treats only simple equilibria and cannot treat exclusion of binding to adjacent sites. Simulations were then performed for the case where the +3 state of the metal complex oxidizes the guanine base in DNA in a catalytic mechanism. The dependence of icat/id on scan rate and the second-order rate constant for the homogeneous chemical step was determined for the conditions where the metal complex does not bind to DNA, such as at high salt concentration. Under these conditions, there is an optimum scan rate where the catalytic current depends steeply on the homogeneous rate constant, allowing for the most accurate determinations in fitting experimental voltammograms. These considerations were applied to fitting cyclic voltammograms for the case of no DNA binding (high salt) and weak, but significant, DNA binding (50 mM salt). The rate of homogeneous electron transfer from the guanine nucleobase to the metal complex was 10 times faster in the low salt case, indicating a shorter electron-transfer distance and a more intimate association of the metal complex with the DNA.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Electron-Rich Perylenediimide-Fullerene Dyad (2006)

An electron-rich perylenediimide-C60 dyad has been prepared to explore a new type of donor-acceptor system. Time-resolved absorption measurements in benzonitrile revealed unambiguous evidence for the formation of a charge-separated state consisting of perylene diimide radical cation and C60 radical anion via photoinduced electron transfer, showing a new class of artificial photosynthetic models in terms of charge separation.
Assessment of Statistical Methodologies and Pitfalls of Dissertations Carried Out at National Cancer Institute, Cairo University (2017)

Purpose: To identify statistical errors and pitfalls in dissertations performed as part of the requirements for the Medical Doctorate (MD) degree at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University (CU) to improve the quality of medical research. Methods: A critical assessment of 62 MD dissertations conducted in 3 departments at NCI, CU, between 2009 and 2013 was carried out regarding statistical methodology and presentation of the results. To detect differences in study characteristics over time, grouping was into two periods; 2009-2010 and 2011-2013. Results: Statistical methods were appropriate in only 13 studies (24.5%). The most common statistical tests applied were chi-square, log-rank, and Mann-Whitney tests. Four studies estimated sample size and/or power. Only 37.1% and 38.7% of dissertation results supported aims and answered the research questions, respectively. Most of results were misinterpreted (82.3%) with misuse of statistical terminology (77.4%). Tabular and graphical data display was independently informative in only 36 dissertations (58.1%) with accurate titles and labels in only 17 (27.4%). Statistical tests fulfilled the assumptions only in 29 studies; with evident misuse in 33. Ten dissertations reported non-significance regarding their primary outcome measure; the median power of the test was 35.5% (range: 6-60%). There was no significant change in the characteristics between the time periods. Conclusion: MD dissertations at NCI have many epidemiological and statistical defects that may compromise the external validity of the results. It is recommended to involve a biostatistician from the very start to improve study design, sample size calculation, end points estimation and measures.
Optical data storage enters a new dimension (2000)

IN THE era of the Internet, massive amounts of information and multimedia have become easily accessible in every corner of the world. The decreasing cost of storing data, and the increasing storage capacities of ever smaller devices. have been key enablers of this revolution. Current storage needs are being met because improvements in conventional technologies – such as magnetic hard-disk drives, optical disks and semiconductor memories – have been able to keep pace with the demand for greater and faster storage.
Autonomic Dysfunction in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in a Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study (2014)

Our study is novel in providing evidence of autonomic dysfunction in MCI. This is associated with orthostatic BP dysregulation and the ongoing follow-up of the study population will determine its prognostic relevance as a predictor of adverse health outcomes.
Fast Visual Retrieval Using Accelerated Sequence Matching (2010)

We present an approach to represent, match, and index various types of visual data, with the primary goal of enabling effective and computationally efficient searches. In this approach, an image/video is represented by an ordered list of feature descriptors. Similarities between such representations are then measured by the approximate string matching technique. This approach unifies visual appearance and the ordering information in a holistic manner with joint consideration of visual-order consistency between the query and the reference instances, and can be used for automatically identifying local alignments between two pieces of visual data. This capability is essential for tasks such as video copy detection where only small portions of the query and the reference videos are similar. To deal with large volumes of data, we further show that this approach can be significantly accelerated along with a dedicated indexing structure. Extensive experiments on various visual retrieval and classification tasks demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed techniques compared to existing solutions.
Composition, Stability, and Bioavailability of Garlic Products Used in a Clinical Trial (2005)

In support of a new clinical trial designed to compare the effects of crushed fresh garlic and two types of garlic supplement tablets (enteric-coated dried fresh garlic and dried aged garlic extract) on serum lipids, the three garlic products have been characterized for (a) composition (14 sulfur and 2 non-sulfur compounds), (b) stability of suspected active compounds, and (c) availability of allyl thiosulfinates (mainly allicin) under both simulated gastrointestinal (tablet dissolution) conditions and in vivo. The allyl thiosulfinates of blended fresh garlic were stable for at least 2 years when stored at -80 degrees C. The dissolution release of thiosulfinates from the enteric-coated garlic tablets was found to be >95%. The bioavailability of allyl thiosulfinates from these tablets, measured as breath allyl methyl sulfide, was found to be complete and equivalent to that of crushed fresh garlic. S-Allylcysteine was stable for 12 months at ambient temperature. The stability of the suspected active compounds under the conditions of the study and the bioavailability of allyl thiosulfinates from the dried garlic supplement have validated the use of these preparations for comparison in a clinical trial.
Analysis of global mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle during recovery from endurance exercise (2005)

To search for novel transcriptional pathways that are activated in skeletal muscle after endurance exercise, we used cDNA microarrays to measure global mRNA expression after an exhaustive bout of high-intensity cycling (approximately 75 min). Healthy, young, sedentary males performed the cycling bout, and skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before, and at 3 and 48 h after exercise. We examined mRNA expression in individual muscle samples from four subjects using cDNA microarrays, used repeated-measures significance analysis of microarray (SAM) to determine statistically significant expression changes, and confirmed selected results using real-time RT-PCR. In total, the expression of 118 genes significantly increased 3 h postcycling and 8 decreased. At 48 h, the expression of 29 genes significantly increased and 5 decreased. Many of these are potentially important novel genes involved in exercise recovery and adaptation, including several involved in 1) metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis (FOXO1, PPARdelta, PPARgamma, nuclear receptor binding protein 2, IL-6 receptor, ribosomal protein L2, aminolevulinate delta-synthase 2); 2) the oxidant stress response (metalothioneins 1B, 1F, 1G, 1H, 1L, 2A, 3, interferon regulatory factor 1); and 3) electrolyte transport across membranes [Na+-K+-ATPase (beta3), SERCA3, chloride channel 4]. Others include genes involved in cell stress, proteolysis, apoptosis, growth, differentiation, and transcriptional activation, as well as all three nuclear receptor subfamily 4A family members (Nur77, Nurr1, and Nor1). This study is the first to characterize global mRNA expression during recovery from endurance exercise, and the results provide potential insight into 1) the transcriptional contributions to homeostatic recovery in human skeletal muscle after endurance exercise, and 2) the transcriptional contributions from a single bout of endurance exercise to the adaptive processes that occur after a period of endurance exercise training.
Aerospace applications of shape memory alloys (2007)

With the increased emphasis on both reliability and multi-functionality in the aerospace industry, active materials are fast becoming an enabling technology capturing the attention of an increasing number of engineers and scientists worldwide. This article reviews the class of active materials known as shape memory alloys (SMAs), especially as used in aerospace applications. To begin, a general overview of SMAs is provided. Their useful properties and engineering effects are described and the methods in which these may be utilized are discussed. A review of past and present aerospace applications is presented. The discussion addresses applications for both atmospheric earth flight as well as space flight. To complete the discussion, SMA design challenges and methodologies are addressed and the future of the field is examined.
PARACEST Contrast Agents (2007)

This chapter discusses the concept of using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) methods to produce contrast in magnetic resonance (MR) images. Since MR image intensity is largely determined by the water content of tissues and the relaxation characteristics of that water, any molecule that is in chemical exchange with water can potentially be used to transfer saturated spins into the pool of a water protons, and hence used to initiate CEST contrast. The magnitude of the shifts induced by lanthanide ions in the proton resonances of a molecule can be quite large, even several hundred ppm, and this is especially true of protons that are part of the lanthanide complex itself. The observation of a resonance arising from the coordinated water molecule in the NMR spectrum of these complexes has opened an entirely new avenue for a generating image contrast.
Microencapsulation of Live Probiotic Bacteria (2010)

Scientific research regarding the use of live bacterial cells for therapeutic purposes has been rapidly growing over the years and has generated considerable interest to scientists and health professionals. Probiotics are defined as essential live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Due to considerable beneficial health effects, these microorganisms are increasingly incorporated into the dairy products; however, many reports demonstrated their poor survival and stability. Their survival in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is also questionable. To overcome these problems, microencapsulation techniques are currently receiving considerable attention. This review describes the importance of live probiotic bacterial microencapsulation using an alginate microparticulate system and presents the potentiality of various coating polymers such as chitosan and polylysine for improving the stability of this microencapsulation.
Globally Convergent Algorithms for Estimating Generalized Gamma Distributions in Fast Signal and Image Processing (2008)

Many applications in real-time signal, image, and video processing require automatic algorithms for rapid characterizations of signals and images through fast estimation of their underlying statistical distributions. We present fast and globally convergent algorithms for estimating the three-parameter generalized gamma distribution (G Gamma D). The proposed method is based on novel scale-independent shape estimation (SISE) equations. We show that the SISE equations have a unique global root in their semi-infinite domains and the probability that the sample SISE equations have a unique global root tends to one. The consistency of the global root, its scale, and index shape estimators is obtained. Furthermore, we establish that, with probability tending to one, Newton-Raphson (NR) algorithms for solving the sample SISE equations converge globally to the unique root from any initial value in its given domain. In contrast to existing methods, another remarkable novelty is that the sample SISE equations are completely independent of gamma and polygamma functions and involve only elementary mathematical operations, making the algorithms well suited for real-time both hardware and software implementations. The SISE estimators also allow the maximum likelihood (ML) ratio procedure to be carried out for testing the generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) versus the G Gamma D. Finally, the fast global convergence and accuracy of our algorithms for finite samples are demonstrated by both simulation studies and real image analysis.
Specific glucocorticoid binding in human hemopoietic cell lines and neoplastic tissue. (1973)

Summary Triamcinolone acetonide-3H (TA-3H) binding to subcellular macromolecular fractions was studied in three human lymphoid cell lines (HRIK, RPMI 8226, and MOLT-4), in four lymphosarcomatous tumors, and in leukemic leukocytes obtained from the peripheral blood of three patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, six with acute myelocytic leukemia, eight with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and two with chronic myelocytic leukemia. Specific binding, which was manifested by a high binding affinity of TA-3H to the macromolecular fractions and by a greater inhibition of this binding by cortisol, compared with that of inactive steroid epicortisol, was found in the lymphoid cell lines, lymphosarcomatous tissue, acute lymphocytic leukemia cells, and two of the six acute myelocytic leukemia cells. Sedimentation coefficients “S” of the TA-3H macromolecular complex were studied in one of the lymphosarcomatous tumors. When the cells were incubated at 0°, extraction with low-salt buffer produced a 6.5 S TA-3H macromolecular complex, while extraction with high-salt buffer produced a 4 S complex. After incubation at 37°, extraction with high-salt buffer produced a 4 S complex, while extraction with low-salt buffer yielded only a small amount of the complex sedimenting at 6.5 S. However, a 4 S complex was extracted with high-salt buffer from the 27,000 × g pellet of the low-salt extract, suggesting that incubation at 37° resulted in movement of the TA-3H macromolecular complex into the nucleus. Incubation of HRIK cells in the presence of 10-5 and 10-4m cortisol resulted in 22.5 and 50% inhibition of uridine-3H uptake by the cells, while incorporation of the uridine-3H into cellular RNA was inhibited only after incubation with 10-4m cortisol. The relative insensitivity of these cells to cortisol, despite their high specific-binding capacity, indicate that factors other than steroid binding by the subcellular fractions play an important role in determining the sensitivity of cells to glucocorticoid action.
Cognitive Computing Recipes (2019)

Solve your AI and machine learning problems using complete and real-world code examples. Using a problem-solution approach, this book makes deep learning and machine learning accessible, by providing a combination of tools such as cognitive services APIs, machine learning platforms, and libraries.
Ductile Bulk Metallic Glass Foams (2005)

An open-cell fully amorphous metal foam (see Figure) with a bulk density ca. 1.5 g cm–3 (porosity ca. 78 %) is fabricated from the commercial glass-forming alloy Vit106 (Zr-5%Nb-15%Cu-13%Ni-10%Al, in at.-%), using the salt-replication technique. Despite the absence of significant plasticity in the monolithic alloy, the foamed alloy is ductile in compression and achieves engineering strains of 50 % without failure, giving it potential as a lightweight structural material or bone-replacement implant.
A 20 Mbit/s integrated photoreceiver with digital outputs in 0.6µm CMOS technology (2002)

This paper presents an integrated fiber-optic receiver suitable for industrial and communication applications, designed to provide direct digital CMOS output signals. The circuit exploits two digital output signals at different optical thresholds, thus providing an alarm function. The circuit, designed in a standard 5V 0.6 µm CMOS technology, achieves more than -20 dBm of optical sensitivity and dissipates 175 mW from a 5 V power supply. The total chip area, including pads, is 2 mm2and the die has been designed to be encapsulated in a metallic T046 package.
筑波大学「VIBつくば」における視覚障害児教育相談の実態 (1996)

筑波大学では, 大学の地域社会へのサービスの提供を目的とし, 「筑波大学心理・心身障害教育相談室」として障害児(者)等に対する教育相談を行っている。「VIBつくば」は, その中の視覚障害部門として活動を続けている。本稿では, 平成6年度, 7年度の「VIBつくば」における教育相談活動の概要を述べるとともに, 弱視児の3つの事例について報告する。
Octanoate binding to the indole- and benzodiazepine-binding region of human serum albumin (1991)

Binding of L-tryptophan, diazepam and octanoate to defatted human serum albumin was studied at pH 7.0 by equilibrium dialysis at low ligand/protein molar ratios. L-Tryptophan binding takes place at only one site of the protein with an association constant of 4.4 x 10(4) M-1. Under the present experimental conditions, binding of diazepam and octanoate could be accounted for by high-affinity binding alone with primary association constants of 3.8 x 10(5) M-1 and 1.6 x 10(6) M-1 respectively. During the simultaneous presence of L-tryptophan plus octanoate or diazepam plus octanoate, pronounced mutual reductions in binding were observed. Analysis of the data suggests that the reductions in binding represent competition for a common high-affinity binding site. Thus a region seems to exist that is capable of binding one molecule of these diverse ligands with a high affinity. The location of this region within the albumin molecule is discussed.