gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Media segmentation using self-similarity decomposition (2003)

We present a framework for analyzing the structure of digital media streams. Though our methods work for video, text, and audio, we concentrate on detecting the structure of digital music files. In the first step, spectral data is used to construct a similarity matrix calculated from inter-frame spectral similarity.The digital audio can be robustly segmented by correlating a kernel along the diagonal of the similarity matrix. Once segmented, spectral statistics of each segment are computed. In the second step,segments are clustered based on the self-similarity of their statistics. This reveals the structure of the digital music in a set of segment boundaries and labels. Finally, the music is summarized by selecting clusters with repeated segments throughout the piece. The summaries can be customized for various applications based on the structure of the original music.
Methionine and neural tube closure in cultured rat embryos: Morphological and biochemical analyses (1990)

When headfold-stage rat embryos were cultured on cow serum, their neural tubes failed to close unless the serum was supplemented with methionine. Methionine deficiency did not appear to affect the ability of the neural epithelium to fuse as a type of fusion was observed between anterior and posterior regions of the open neural tube in methionine-deficient embryos. Although methionine deficiency reduced the cell density and mitotic indices of cranial mesenchyme and neural epithelial cells, this did not appear to be a factor in failure of the neural tube to close. For example, embryos cultured on diluted cow serum also had fewer mesenchymal cells yet could complete neural tube closure if provided with methionine. Examination of the tips of the neural folds suggested that microfilament contraction could be involved; in the absence of methionine the neural folds failed to turn in. This possibility was supported by the reductions in neurite extension of isolated neural tubes cultured without methionine and by the reductions in microfilament associated methylated amino acids contained in embryo neural tube proteins.
Who said what to whom? (2009)

Transcripts of meetings are a document genre characterized by a complex narrative structure. The essence is not only what is said, but also by who and to whom. This paper investigates whether we can use semantic annotations like the speaker in order to capture this debate structure, as well as the related content of the debate. The structure is visualized in a graph, while the content is condensed into word clouds, that are created using a parsimonious language model. Evaluation shows that both tools adequately capture the structure and content of the debate at an aggregated level.
Role of transforming growth factor-beta in transdifferentiation and fibrosis of lens epithelial cells. (1999)

This is the first finding showing altered mRNA expression in LECs from anterior polar cataracts. Enhanced expression of TGF-beta and the TGF-beta receptor suggests that TGF-beta derived from LECs may function in an autocrine fashion as the prime mediator of transdifferentiation and pathogenesis in human LECs. Elevated levels of CTGF mRNA suggest that this growth factor may play a role in the increased deposition of extracellular matrix in metaplastic LECs.
Development of Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle in Toyota (2008)

Concerns surrounding the timing of peak oil for conventional fossil fuels (i.e., the point at which the maximum global production rate will be reached) and the growing need to reduce CO2 emissions are increasing the importance of energy source diversification. For vehicles, this can be accomplished by more efficient internal combustion engines (ICE), the use of bioethanol, more widespread application of ICE-hybrid systems, and the development of technologies that use electricity and hydrogen, such as plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHV) and fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHV). Since Toyota started limited lease of the Toyota FCHV, the world's first market-ready fuel cell vehicle, in 2002, Toyota has steadily improved the technology, and has succeeded in significantly extending the vehicle's cruising range in actual driving conditions and enhancing its cold start capabilities. For the next step, Toyota aims to work toward the commercialization and popularization of fuel cell vehicles by focusing on reducing costs and improving durability, and by cooperating with governments and energy companies to establish hydrogen infrastructure.
Monodentate, Didentate, and Tridentate Ligation of a Schiff-Base Ligand in a Tetranuclear Zinc(II) Complex (2001)

Abstract A tetranuclear zinc(II) complex with 2,6-bis(salicylideneaminomethyl)-4-methylphenol (H3L), [Zn4(L)2(pz)2]•2CH3CN (Hpz = pyrazole), was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Each Schiff-base L3- acts as a monodentate, a didentate, and a tridentate ligand for four zinc atoms to form a Z-shaped tetranuclear structure.
Mammalian cell polyamine homeostasis is altered by the radioprotector WR1065 (1998)

Mammalian cells become more susceptible to radiation-induced death and mutagenesis when restricted in their production of the natural polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine. The effects of polyamine deprivation are reversed by N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-1, 3-diaminopropane (WR1065), a simple aminothiol that has been extensively studied for its radioprotectant properties. Because this compound and its oxidized derivative WR33278 bear some resemblance to the polyamines, it was hypothesized that radioprotection by WR1065 or its metabolites is derived, at least in part, from their ability to supplement the natural polyamines. To evaluate the ability of these aminothiol compounds to emulate polyamine function in intact cells, rat liver hepatoma (HTC) cells were treated with radioprotective doses of WR1065; the ability of this compound to affect various aspects of normal polyamine metabolism was monitored. Although cellular WR1065 was maintained at levels exceeding those of the polyamines, this aminothiol did not have any polyamine-like effect on the initial polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase, or on polyamine degradative reactions. On the contrary, treatment with relatively low levels of WR1065 resulted in an unexpected increase in putrescine and spermidine synthesis. WR1065 treatment enhanced the stability, and consequently the activity, of ornithine decarboxylase. This stabilization seems to result from a WR1065-induced delay in the synthesis of antizyme, a critical regulatory protein required in the feedback modulation of polyamine synthesis and transport. The increase in cellular spermidine induced by WR1065 might explain its antimutagenic properties, but is probably not a factor in protection against cell killing by radiation. This is the first evidence that compounds can be designed to control polyamine levels by targeting the activity of the regulatory protein antizyme.
Efficiency limits for photoelectrochemical water-splitting (2016)

Theoretical limiting efficiencies have a critical role in determining technological viability and expectations for device prototypes, as evidenced by the photovoltaics community's focus on detailed balance. However, due to their multicomponent nature, photoelectrochemical devices do not have an equivalent analogue to detailed balance, and reported theoretical efficiency limits vary depending on the assumptions made. Here we introduce a unified framework for photoelectrochemical device performance through which all previous limiting efficiencies can be understood and contextualized. Ideal and experimentally realistic limiting efficiencies are presented, and then generalized using five representative parameters-semiconductor absorption fraction, external radiative efficiency, series resistance, shunt resistance and catalytic exchange current density-to account for imperfect light absorption, charge transport and catalysis. Finally, we discuss the origin of deviations between the limits discussed herein and reported water-splitting efficiencies. This analysis provides insight into the primary factors that determine device performance and a powerful handle to improve device efficiency.
Actions of arylpiperazines on corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in vitro (1997)

Asia Pacific Journal of Pharmacology
Simultaneous Reduction and Alkylation of Protein Disulfides in a Centrifugal Ultrafiltration Device Prior to Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2006)

Reduction and alkylation of protein disulfides prior to IEF, when performed directly in a centrifugal ultrafiltration device, provides an effective means of terminating the alkylation reaction, concentrating the proteins for analysis, and removing ionic impurities that interfere with IEF. When cells were lysed in "buffers" that support the activity of enzymes such as lysozyme and benzonase, the conductivity of the resulting lysate was an order of magnitude higher than when lysis was induced by chaotropic urea detergent solutions. Following reduction and alkylation, the conductivity of both lysates was lowered by ultrafiltration to the 0.1-0.2 mS/cm range in preparation for IEF. The detergent 3-(4-heptyl)phenyl 3-hydroxypropyl dimethylammonio propanesulfonate (C7BzO), which favors the solubilization of proteins, but which interferes with SDS equilibration and second dimension PAGE, was effectively removed by ultrafiltration and exchanged with CHAPS without measurable loss of protein. Disparate protein patterns of Rhodopseudomonas palustris lysates were revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis depending on which reagent was used to induce cell lysis.
Enhancing the realism with 3D sound in different virtual worlds (2010)

We have included 3D sound in our project for enhancing the realism in our virtual environments. Our project allows building different virtual environment multi-screen, with a full navigation system, four ways of manipulating: keyboard, head tracker, remote control and input files with different predefined tours. Furthermore, with this project we can also build two different stereoscopes: Wheatstone- type and Cazes-type. We have implemented three virtual worlds for the different environments: The first one shows a collection of anaglyphic photographs; the second one is a collection of photographs of roman art; the third one is a computing center.
Templates as Shadow Masks to Tune the Magnetic Anisotropy in Nanostructured CoCrPt/Ti Bilayer Films (2015)

Off‐axis deposition of Ti and CoCrPt films onto lithographically patterned templates has been used to make nanostructures with a lateral thickness variation that allows the tuning of the magnetic anisotropy. CoCrPt rectangles of 1 μm × 725 nm without a thickness variation show an out‐of‐plane easy axis and a single‐domain configuration after demagnetization. On the other hand, rectangles with a thickness variation along their longer dimension show an out‐of‐plane multidomain state, but an in‐plane vortex configuration occurs when the thickness variation is along the shorter dimension. The evolution of the magnetic behavior is understood from the change in both Ti and CoCrPt thicknesses and their effects on the magnetic anisotropy, and provides a simple method for controlling the magnetic state and reversal process of patterned nanostructures.
Standardized method for recording blood pressure in anaesthetized Macaca fascicularis (1981)

Blood pressures obtained from anaesthetized non-human primates by this indirect, noninvasive method correlate well with direct blood pressure measurements on anaesthetized animals (systolic R = 0·959, diastolic R = 0·946) and on conscious subjects (R = 0·84). Between- and within-animal variances of indirectly-obtained blood pressure recordings in anaesthetized animals were relatively small. The systolic blood pressure standard deviation was 11·566 among animals and 2·233 within animals, diastolic 7·618 and 0·475 respectively.
Animal Models of Tendon and Ligament Injuries for Tissue Engineering Applications (1999)

Improved methods are needed for prevention and treatment of injuries to the musculoskeletal soft tissues. Tissue engineering techniques have led to more effective clinical protocols for treating these injuries. Improvement of tissue healing through the addition of biologic factors, and the development of biologically active tissue engineered replacements, are two promising areas of research. An essential component of progress in this field is the use of animal models of tendon and ligament injuries, which allows for rigorous testing of hypotheses related to disease pathogenesis and treatment. Because these animal models must be appropriate for the condition being studied, no single model exists that is appropriate for all investigations. It generally is necessary to differentiate between tendon and ligament tissues. Furthermore, ligaments should be divided into intraarticular and extraarticular models, whereas tendons should be divided into intrasynovial and extrasynovial models. Other important factors in the appropriate use of an animal model include size of the animal, anatomic features, and techniques available for tissue analysis. The tissues used should be large enough to allow for accurate and reproducible manipulations (injury creation, repair, reconstruction). In addition, it is preferable to use tissues that are amenable to quantitative analysis.
MIMO capacity with interference (2003)

System capacity is considered for a group of interfering users employing single-user detection and multiple transmit and receive antennas for flat Rayleigh-fading channels with independent fading coefficients for each path. The focus is on the case where there is no channel state information at the transmitter, but channel state information is assumed at the receiver. It is shown that the optimum signaling is sometimes different from cases where the users do not interfere with each other. In particular, the optimum signaling will sometimes put all power into a single transmitting antenna, rather than divide power equally between independent streams from the different antennas. If the interference is either sufficiently weak or sufficiently strong, we show that either the optimum interference-free approach, which puts equal power into each antenna, or the approach that puts all power into a single antenna is optimum and we show how to find the regions where each approach is best.
On the Characteristics of a Centriclone (1958)

A centriclone is a dynamic combination of a conventional liquid cyclone and a centrifuge. To produce the required circular velocity, an internal impeller is employed instead of a tangential orifice inlet and feed pressure.In this study, the characteristics of a centriclone were investigated. First, we examined the velocity distribution inside the centriclone with a single hole Pitot tube. Then with the experimental arrangement as shown in Fig. 8, we studied the separating characteristics of the centriclone for Al (OH)3 slurry of 2-10 weight% conc.The results obtained were as follows:(1) As shown in Fig. 4, the tangential velocity in the zone of outer vortex is almost constant, and the inner vortex has a constant angular velocity like a rigid body. From the study of the velocity distribution, experimental equations such as Eqs. (3) and (4) have been obtained.(2) The turning point of flow from outer downward vortex to inner upward one is independent of the rate of feed, but it is influenced by flow ratio rf, and can be expressed as Eq. (2).(3 ) The effect of rotating speed of the impeller on concentration ratio rc under different conditions are shown in Figs. 11, 12, 14 and 15. In all cases, rc increases with the increase of N.(4) From the effect of the type of impellers on rc, the impeller with a small pumping capacity has been found best to serve the purpose, as shown in figs. 11 and 12, when the flow rate of feed is small, but as the feed rate increases, the impeller with a larger capacity becomes more useful.(5) When flow ratio rf is reduced, underflow of higher concentration is obtained as shown in Fig. 13.(6) Theoretical consideration of the size of the particles, all of which can be caught in heavy liquid, has led us to derive the follcwing equationwherex thus obtained is proved to be a close approximation to d50 determined experimentally.
Significance of Nystatin Uptake for Its Antifungal Action (1959)

1) Time sequence for inhibition of yeast respiration and glycolysis by nystatin is described and its significance is discussed. 2) A series of nystatin-resistant : sensitive pairs of Candida strains was examined. With various pairs, resistance of growth to nystatin was accompanied by similar resistance of metabolic activity to the agent. Resistant strains absorbed less nystatin than did sensitive organisms under same conditions, but there was no quantitative correlation between sensitivity and absorption. Reduced uptake of nystatin is probably only one of the ways by which resistance can be achieved. 3) Addition of serum albumin, zymosan, uranyl ions, arsenate, or dinitrophenol could protect yeast metabolism in varying degrees against the action of nystatin. Inhibition, once obtained, could not be reversed. The protective action of various agents approximated that expected from their effect on absorption of nystatin by yeast. 4) The methyl ester and N-acetyl derivatives of nystatin, which do not inhibit growth or metabolism of fungi, were not absorbed to a significant extent by either fresh yeast or zymosan. Since absorption occurs primarily below pH 5, the ionic species HOOC… NH3+ is probably the material absorbed by yeast. 5) The results furnish additional evidence for the critical nature of uptake of nystatin by microorganisms in determining sensitivity to its action.
Research on Automatic Stacking and Loading System in Major Logistics (2014)

This document introduces the current status of the stacking and loading technology in major logistics. It introduces the development of a kind of automatic stacking and loading system in major logistics from Chengdu University of Information Technology, including the function, composition, characteristics, key technology of structure design for Non bulk cargo object, automatic extract, automatic loading and stacking. Then the main technical parameters are put forward. It is pointed out that the system has a good social, economic significance.
64-dB amplification of 19-psec laser-diode pulses in a Ti–sapphire laser (1989)

We report 64-dB amplification of 19.4-psec pulses at 820 nm at a 2-kHz repetition rate in an injection-seeded Ti:Al(2)O(3) laser oscillator. In a single-pass amplifier configuration, a 5.2-dB gain was measured. We discuss the advantages of the short-pulse injection-seeding technique as a means of constructing an all-solid-state tunable source of picosecond and subpicosecond laser pulses in the near infrared.
Spatiotemporal Processing of Linear Acceleration: Primary Afferent and Central Vestibular Neuron Responses (2000)

Spatiotemporal convergence and two-dimensional (2-D) neural tuning have been proposed as a major neural mechanism in the signal processing of linear acceleration. To examine this hypothesis, we studied the firing properties of primary otolith afferents and central otolith neurons that respond exclusively to horizontal linear accelerations of the head (0.16-10 Hz) in alert rhesus monkeys. Unlike primary afferents, the majority of central otolith neurons exhibited 2-D spatial tuning to linear acceleration. As a result, central otolith dynamics vary as a function of movement direction. During movement along the maximum sensitivity direction, the dynamics of all central otolith neurons differed significantly from those observed for the primary afferent population. Specifically at low frequencies (</=0.5 Hz), the firing rate of the majority of central otolith neurons peaked in phase with linear velocity, in contrast to primary afferents that peaked in phase with linear acceleration. At least three different groups of central response dynamics were described according to the properties observed for motion along the maximum sensitivity direction. "High-pass" neurons exhibited increasing gains and phase values as a function of frequency. "Flat" neurons were characterized by relatively flat gains and constant phase lags (approximately 20-55 degrees ). A few neurons ("low-pass") were characterized by decreasing gain and phase as a function of frequency. The response dynamics of central otolith neurons suggest that the approximately 90 degrees phase lags observed at low frequencies are not the result of a neural integration but rather the effect of nonminimum phase behavior, which could arise at least partly through spatiotemporal convergence. Neither afferent nor central otolith neurons discriminated between gravitational and inertial components of linear acceleration. Thus response sensitivity was indistinguishable during 0.5-Hz pitch oscillations and fore-aft movements. The fact that otolith-only central neurons with "high-pass" filter properties exhibit semicircular canal-like dynamics during head tilts might have important consequences for the conclusions of previous studies of sensory convergence and sensorimotor transformations in central vestibular neurons.
The histone H2B-specific ubiquitin ligase RNF20/hBRE1 acts as a putative tumor suppressor through selective regulation of gene expression (2008)

Histone monoubiquitylation is implicated in critical regulatory processes. We explored the roles of histone H2B ubiquitylation in human cells by reducing the expression of hBRE1/RNF20, the major H2B-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase. While H2B ubiquitylation is broadly associated with transcribed genes, only a subset of genes was transcriptionally affected by RNF20 depletion and abrogation of H2B ubiquitylation. Gene expression dependent on RNF20 includes histones H2A and H2B and the p53 tumor suppressor. In contrast, RNF20 suppresses the expression of several proto-oncogenes, which reside preferentially in closed chromatin and are modestly transcribed despite bearing marks usually associated with high transcription rates. Remarkably, RNF20 depletion augmented the transcriptional effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), increased cell migration, and elicited transformation and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, frequent RNF20 promoter hypermethylation was observed in tumors. RNF20 may thus be a putative tumor suppressor, acting through selective regulation of a distinct subset of genes.
Hoffa disease. (1991)

Among the causes of anterior knee pain, impingement of portions of the infrapatellar fat pad between the femoropatellar and femorotibial articular surfaces plays an important role. This disease, first described by Hoffa in 1904, has always been fairly obscure. This review of 63 cases delineates the clinical features, distinguishing two phases, acute and chronic, and analyzing the pathologic changes in the fat pad and the other joint structures involved. Treatment of both the chronic and acute phases is described, emphasizing the importance of arthroscopy in the chronic phase. The arthroscopic techniques are thoroughly described and commented on. Analysis of the results confirms the validity of arthroscopic surgery in the treatment of this disease.
An optimized control access mechanism based on micro-service architecture (2018)

With the development of cloud technology and the continuous evolution of software architecture, micro-service has become a very popular software development architecture mode, which is more suitable for the situation of business expanding and rapid function iteration. This paper discusses the basic concepts and main features of micro-service architecture, and analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional architecture, so as to obtain the basic requirements of access control in micro-service environment. By studying the traditional access control technology, this paper analyzes its limitations and shortcomings in the micro-service environment, and proposes an access control optimization model based on RBAC.