gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent caching for remote file service (2002)

Limitations of current disk block caching strategies are discussed. A model for providing remote file service using knowledge-based caching algorithms is proposed. The knowledge-based algorithms generate expectations of user process behavior which are used to provide hints to the file server. Te research involved gathering trace data from a modified Unix kernel and conducting trace-driven simulation of remote file server models. Performance improvements of up to 340% were observed for knowledge-based caching in simulated file service. Comparisons are made between conventional, knowledge-based, and optimal models. Extensions to general caching are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic Trap Formation and Elimination in Colloidal Quantum Dots (2013)

Using first-principles simulations on PbS and CdSe colloidal quantum dots, we find that surface defects form in response to electronic doping and charging of the nanoparticles. We show that electronic trap states in nanocrystals are dynamic entities, in contrast with the conventional picture wherein traps are viewed as stable electronic states that can be filled or emptied, but not created or destroyed. These traps arise from the formation or breaking of atomic dimers at the nanoparticle surface. The dimers' energy levels can reside within the bandgap, in which case a trap is formed. Fortunately, we are also able to identify a number of shallow-electron-affinity cations that stabilize the surface, working to counter dynamic trap formation and allowing for trap-free doping.
Sodium Channel Toxins - Receptor Targeting and Therapeutic Potential (2004)

Sodium channels underlie propagated electrical signalling in most excitable cells, including neurons and the myocytes of skeletal muscle and heart. These proteins are targeted by a variety of current therapeutic drugs to combat such maladies as pain, myotonias, epilepsies and cardiac arrhythmias. Typically, these problems are associated with overactivity of sodium channels leading to hyperexcitability in the relevant tissue. More than ten distinct but closely related molecular isoforms of mammalian sodium channel are now known to be specifically expressed in different cell types and tissues. Therapeutic attenuation of sodium channel activity must be effected with great precision in both targeting and the degree of reduction in channel activity if a malfunction is to be corrected without introducing deleterious or even catastrophic side effects. Numerous natural toxins have evolved to target sodium channels, either by blocking current through the pore or by modifying channel gating. Among the well studied toxins, the peptide conotoxins from cone snail venoms show a remarkable ability to discriminate among closely related forms of sodium channel, as well as exhibiting a variety of modes of action. Here, we examine the molecular basis of action of different Na channel targeted conotoxins and explore their potential as models for the future design of more specifically targeted drugs.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein in cartilage tissue induced by electric stimulation or by bone morphogenetic protein. (1990)

Chondroidal tissue induced by electric stimulation in rat tibial periosteum or by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) implanted in mouse thigh muscle was examined immunohistochemically for S-100 protein with the use of polyclonal antiserum (S-100) and monoclonal antibodies to S-100 protein subunits α and β (S-100α and S-100β). Chondrocytes were occasionally found in the electric callus (EC), and ossification induced by BMP began from chondroidal tissue in the muscle. All the types of cartilage cells displayed strong staining for S-100 and S-100α subunit, and slight staining for S-100β. Bone cells such as osteocytes and osteoclasts appearing after chondrogenesis were generally devoid of S-100 protein. During bone formation, the immunoreaction for S-100 protein was characteristically restricted to cartilage cells. The presence of S-100 protein throughout chondrogenesis suggests that this protein might participate in calciumprotein interactions occurring during cartilage formation.
Activity of Cecropin A-Melittin Hybrid Peptides against Colistin-Resistant Clinical Strains of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> : Molecular Basis for the Differential Mechanisms of Action (2006)

Acinetobacter baumannii has successfully developed resistance against all common antibiotics, including colistin (polymyxin E), the last universally active drug against this pathogen. The possible widespread distribution of colistin-resistant A. baumannii strains may create an alarming clinical situation. In a previous work, we reported differences in lethal mechanisms between polymyxin B (PXB) and the cecropin A-melittin (CA-M) hybrid peptide CA(1-8)M(1-18) (KWKLFKKIGIGAVLKVLTTGLPALIS-NH2) on colistin-susceptible strains (J. M. Saugar, T. Alarcón, S. López-Hernández, M. López-Brea, D. Andreu, and L. Rivas, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:875-878, 2002). We now demonstrate that CA(1-8)M(1-18) and three short analogues, namely CA(1-7)M(2-9) (KWKLFKKIGAVLKVL-NH2), its Nalpha-octanoyl derivative (Oct-KWKLFKKIGAVLKVL-NH2), and CA(1-7)M(5-9) (KWKLLKKIGAVLKVL-NH2) are active against two colistin-resistant clinical strains. In vitro, resistance to colistin sulfate was targeted to the outer membrane, as spheroplasts were equally lysed by a given peptide, regardless of their respective level of colistin resistance. The CA-M hybrids were more efficient than colistin in displacing lipopolysaccharide-bound dansyl-polymyxin B from colistin-resistant but not from colistin-susceptible strains. Similar improved performance of the CA-M hybrids in permeation of the inner membrane was observed, regardless of the resistance pattern of the strain. These results argue in favor of a possible use of CA-M peptides, and by extension other antimicrobial peptides with similar features, as alternative chemotherapy in colistin-resistant Acinetobacter infections.
Targetting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis holds promise in the treatment of malignancy (2012)

Tumor cells create an immunologic milieu characterized by the disruption of effective antigen presentation, loss of effector cell function and complexity, and upregulation of pathways that promote tolerance and T cell anergy (1,2). A critical element of tumor mediated immunosuppression is the presence of the negative checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 and PDL-1/PD-1 that inhibit immune activation and the expansion of antigen specific T cells (3).
Ion-pumping microbial rhodopsins (2015)

Rhodopsins are light-sensing proteins used in optogenetics. The word "rhodopsin" originates from the Greek words "rhodo" and "opsis," indicating rose and sight, respectively. Although the classical meaning of rhodopsin is the red-colored pigment in our eyes, the modern meaning of rhodopsin encompasses photoactive proteins containing a retinal chromophore in animals and microbes. Animal and microbial rhodopsins possess 11-cis and all-trans retinal, respectively, to capture light in seven transmembrane α-helices, and photoisomerizations into all-trans and 13-cis forms, respectively, initiate each function. Ion-transporting proteins can be found in microbial rhodopsins, such as light-gated channels and light-driven pumps, which are the main tools in optogenetics. Light-driven pumps, such as archaeal H(+) pump bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and Cl(-) pump halorhodopsin (HR), were discovered in the 1970s, and their mechanism has been extensively studied. On the other hand, different kinds of H(+) and Cl(-) pumps have been found in marine bacteria, such as proteorhodopsin (PR) and Fulvimarina pelagi rhodopsin (FR), respectively. In addition, a light-driven Na(+) pump was found, Krokinobacter eikastus rhodopsin 2 (KR2). These light-driven ion-pumping microbial rhodopsins are classified as DTD, TSA, DTE, NTQ, and NDQ rhodopsins for BR, HR, PR, FR, and KR2, respectively. Recent understanding of ion-pumping microbial rhodopsins is reviewed in this paper.
Atomic Force Microscopy characterization of electromechanical properties of RF acoustic bulk wave resonators (2004)

In this paper we demonstrate the ability of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in combination with a lock-in detection technique for the characterization of the electromechanical properties of acoustic bulk wave resonators. In particular, this method is applied to study the mechanical frequency response and the acoustic mode shapes of the Agilent Technologies' Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator (FBAR). The mechanical resonance frequencies of the FBARs in the GHz range are measured in air, and the shape of the acoustic modes is obtained over 100/spl times/100 /spl mu/m areas with nanometer-scale lateral resolution and angstrom-scale vertical resolution.
ACTB-1003: An oral kinase inhibitor targeting cancer mutations (FGFR), angiogenesis (VEGFR2, TEK), and induction of apoptosis (RSK and p70S6K). (2010)

e13665 Background: ACTB-1003 is an oral kinase inhibitor targeting cancer mutations (FGFR inhibition), angiogenesis (inhibition of VEGFR2 and Tie-2) and induces apoptosis (targeting RSK and p70S6K, downstream of PI3 kinase). The multi-activity of ACTB- 1003 translates to in vivo efficacy with dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition in a variety of histological cancers including lung, breast and colorectal. Results: ACTB-1003 is an oral kinase inhibitor with multiple modes of action, targeting cancer mutations via FGFR inhibition FGFR1 (IC50=6 nM), angiogenesis through inhibition of VEGFR2 (2 nM), Tie-2 (4 nM), and induces apoptosis likely by targeting RSK (5 nM) and p70S6K (32 nM). ACTB-1003 is highly active with dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition in cell lines with FGFR genetic alterations - OPM2 human multiple myeloma and the murine leukemia Ba/F3-TEL-FGFR1. OPM2 cells harbor the FGFR3 t(4:14) translocation, FGFR3 K650E mutation and PTEN deletion while the Ba/F3-TEL-FGFR1 cells are driven by FGFR1 over-expression. The in vivo mechanism of action studies demonstrated inhibition of RSK and p70S6K kinases coupled to the induction of apoptosis (PARP, TUNEL) in the H460 in vivo tumors. Additionally, ACTB-1003 is shown to inhibit tumor angiogenesis evident by the inhibition of CD31 staining in tumor sections. ACTB-1003 is combinable with 5- FU or paclitaxel without diminishing the activity or increasing the toxicity of these chemotherapy agents in the HCT-116 colon tumor xenograft model. Conclusions: ACTB-1003 is an orally active kinase inhibitor that exhibits potent, low nM activity targeting mutations via FGFR inhibition, inhibition of angiogensis and induction of apoptosis. This creates the potential for additive or synergistic antitumor efficacy that can be achieved not only within each pathway but across multiple pathways with one drug. These results support the clinical testing of ACTB-1003 in the increasing number of tumor types characterized by alterations in FGF receptors. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration ACT Biotech ACT Biotech ACT Biotech
Micromachined Separation Chips with a Precolumn Reactor and End-Column Electrochemical Detector (2000)

Glass microchips, integrating chemical derivatization reactions, electrophoretic separations, and amperometric detection, have been developed. The performance of the new integrated microfabricated devices is demonstrated for rapid on-chip measurements of amino acids utilizing precolumn reactions of amino acids with o-phthaldialdehyde/2-mercaptoethanol to generate electroactive derivatives that are separated electrophoretically and detected at the end-column electrochemical detector. The influence of the sample/reagent mixing ratio, reagent concentrations, driving voltage, detection potential, and other variables is explored. The integrated microsystem offers a rapid (6 min) simultaneous measurements of eight amino acids, down to approximately 2.5 x 10(-6) M (5 fmol) level, with linearity up to the 2 x 10(-4) M level examined, and good reproducibility (RSD = 2.2-2.7%). A step of the driving voltage is used for decreasing the migration time of late-eluting components and reducing the overall analysis time. The integrated microfabricated device expands the scope of on-chip electrochemical detection to nonelectroactive analytes and holds promise of being a powerful analytical tool.
Functional Communicative Abilities in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (1988)

The functional communicative abilities of a group of 18 individuals with Alzheimer's disease was documented and their performance on the various categories of the Communicative Abilities in Daily Living (CADL) compared to that of a group of institutionalized non-neurologically impaired controls matched for age, sex and educational level. The Alzheimer patients were impaired in almost all areas of functional communication compared to the control group, scoring significantly below the controls on all categories of the CADL more highly dependent on cognition (e.g. Sequential relationships) than in those categories dealing with more primitive and overlearned communication behaviours (e.g. Social conventions). The possible contributions of visual misperception, frontal lobe damage and semantic memory disorganization to the observed functional communication deficit are discussed. Implications of the findings for the assessment, treatment and management of individuals with Alzheimer's disease are outlined.
Inflammation and Pharmacological Treatment in Diabetic Retinopathy (2013)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is estimated to be the leading cause of new blindness in the working population of developed countries. Primary interventions such as intensive glycemic control, strict blood pressure regulation, and lipid-modifying therapy as well as local ocular treatment (laser photocoagulation and pars plana vitrectomy) can significantly reduce the risk of retinopathy occurrence and progression. Considering the limitations of current DR treatments development of new therapeutic strategies, it becomes necessary to focus on pharmacological treatment. Currently, there is increasing evidence that inflammatory processes have a considerable role in the pathogenesis of DR with multiple studies showing an association of various systemic as well as local (vitreous and aqueous fluid) inflammatory factors and the progression of DR. Since inflammation is identified as a relevant mechanism, significant effort has been directed to the development of new concepts for the prevention and treatment of DR acting on the inflammatory processes and the use of pharmacological agents with anti-inflammatory effect. Inhibiting the inflammatory pathway could be an appealing treatment option for DR in future practices, and as further prospective randomized clinical trials accumulate data, the role and guidelines of anti-inflammatory pharmacologic treatments will become clearer.
Untersuchungen über die Verwendung von butyliertem Hydroxytoluol als Antioxydans in Lebensmitteln (1956)

Abstract BHT wurde sowohl allein als auch in Verbindung mit anderen Antioxydantien mit gutem Erfolg angewendet. Es ist neuerdings in USA in einer Konzentration von 0.01% zugelassen.
Formation of Carbon Dioxide in Water Miniemulsions Using the Phase Inversion Temperature Method (2002)

The curvature of an emulsion of CO2 and brine stabilized with a triblock copolymer of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO, was inverted from H2O-in-CO2 to CO2-in-H2O (C/W) by reducing the temperature. A “v-shaped” trough was observed in the interfacial tension between the aqueous and CO2 phases versus temperature at constant CO2 density. The minimum in the interfacial tension coincided with the phase inversion temperature (PIT) where the curvature of the emulsion inverts. Novel C/W miniemulsions consisting of 200 nm droplets, measured by multiwavelength turbidimetry, were formed by low-shear stirring in the low interfacial tension PIT region and then cooling to 25 °C. These droplets were 3 times smaller than those produced isothermally by high shear at a temperature below the PIT region.
BLOOD PRESSURE AND NUTRITION IN ADULTS THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY1 (1984)

To provide a contemporary profile of blood pressure and nutritional and sociodemographic relationships in the adult US population, data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES -I), 1971-1975, were analyzed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with increasing age, but trends were different by sex and race groups. Body mass index (weight/ height2 ) was the nutritional factor most strongly and consistently related to blood pressure. Among dietary constituents, alcohol consumption and calcium and phosphorus intake were the only variables having consistent and independent relationships to blood pressure. Sodium content of food and salt use had no relationship, and sodium/potassium food content had only an inconsistent association. Regarding serum nutritional measures, serum calcium was directly related and serum phosphorus was inversely related to blood pressure. Serum urate, serum aspartate aminotransferase, and hemoglobin were also independently related to systolic and diastolic blood pressures. There were few important differences by race or sex in these correlates. These observations from a representative sample of the US population have useful implications for prevention and treatment of high blood pressure.
Production of insulin-like growth factor-II by human fetal pancreas in culture (1989)

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is a polypeptide hormone thought to be involved in fetal development because of its wide distribution in fetal tissues and its presence in the fetal circulation. We have developed a highly sensitive radioreceptor assay for IGF-II using rat liver microsomal membranes and have used this assay to test for the presence of IGF-II in the human fetal pancreas and the release of IGF-II by the human fetal pancreas in organ culture. IGF-II was present in extracts of pancreatic tissue (0.056 +/- 0.012 pmol/mg tissue, n = 5) and was released in culture at the rate of 0.027-0.134 pmol/mg tissue per day with release being maintained for at least 3 weeks in culture. The rate of release was not affected by the gestational age of the fetus over 14 to 20 weeks but was significantly related to the rate of insulin release (r = 0.712, P less than 0.001, n = 34). Chronic exposure to 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which inhibits insulin release in the human fetal pancreas, caused an 85% drop in IGF-II production, which was reversed when TPA was removed. These studies demonstrate that IGF-II is produced by the human fetal pancreas in a pattern similar to that of insulin. We suggest that control of IGF-II release, like that of insulin, may involve protein-kinase C and that IGF-II may have a paracrine or autocrine role in the development of fetal pancreatic function.
Evaluation of seismic slope-performance models using a regional case study (2000)

Abstract This paper compares four permanent displacement models based on Newmark's sliding-block analogy for assessing regional seismic slope-performance. The models vary primarily by the ground motion descriptor used to correlate with Newmark displacement. The first uses peak ground-acceleration (PGA). The second uses PGA but normalizes displacements by predominant period and equivalent cycles. The third uses Arias intensity. The fourth calculates cumulative displacements from double-integrating simulated earthquake accelerograms. The models are implemented in a GIS to characterize seismic slope-performance for the Oakland East quadrangle near San Francisco, California. The resulting slope-performance maps are compared visually and through statistical analysis to expose potential differences and assess the effects of using a particular approach within a decision-making context. These maps were created for the purpose of comparison and are not suitable for use as critical decision-making tools. The models forecast notably different levels of slope-performance, with the PGA-based models predicting the greatest Newmark displacement on average. Thus, considering the variety of slope-performance models, it is suggested that practitioners avoid reliance on a single model. Instead, multiple models can be implemented in a GIS framework to gain a better perspective of the potential hazard and make a more informed decision.
Practical synchronization techniques for multi-channel MAC (2006)

Researchers have proposed many wireless MAC protocols such as [20], [8], [25], [24], [6], and [17] which exploit frequency-agile radios and multiple available channels to increase network through-put. These protocols usually only require each node to have one radio. By carefully coordinating the frequency hopping of different nodes, different node pairs can use multiple channels simultaneously. In [17], Mo et al classified these protocols into four generalized categories and compared their performances through both analysis and simulation. They found that the Parallel Rendezvous family of protocols has the best overall performance by removing the bottleneck of a single control channel. These protocols show good promise for use with multi-hop networks because these networks suffer from self-interference and traditional MAC protocols using only one channel often fail to provide satisfactory throughput. However, we are not aware of any implemented Parallel Rendezvous multi-channel MAC protocols. We argue one major reason is that existing proposals such as McMAC[17] and SSCH[6] have not thoroughly considered a practical aspect of the design essential for a working implementation, namely: synchronization. Through an exploration including an implementation exercise on hardware, we show that synchronization for multi-channel MAC protocols is a non-trivial problem. We designed and implemented a synchronization mechanism specifically for this purpose and show that it has tackled the problem of synchronizing one-hop neighbor pairs effectively, thereby paving the way for efficient multi-channel MAC protocols.
Promotion of Gαi3 subunit down-regulation by GIPN, a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with RGS-GAIP (2003)

We have isolated an RGS-GAIP interacting protein that links RGS proteins to protein degradation. GIPN (GAIP interacting protein N terminus) is a 38-kDa protein with an N-terminal leucine-rich region, a central RING finger-like domain, and a putative C-terminal transmembrane domain. GIPN binds exclusively to RGS proteins of subfamily A, RGS-GAIP, RGSZ1, and RGSZ2. The N-terminal leucine-rich region of GIPN interacts with the cysteine-rich motif of RGS-GAIP. GIPN mRNA is ubiquitously expressed, and GIPN is found on the plasma membrane of transfected HEK293 cells. Endogenous GIPN is concentrated along the basolateral plasma membrane of proximal and distal tubules in rat kidney, where many G protein-coupled receptors and some G proteins are also located. Two immunoreactive species are found in rat kidney, a 38-kDa cytosolic form and an approximately 94-kDa membrane form. GIPN shows Zn2+- and E1/E2-dependent autoubiquitination in vitro, suggesting that it has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Overexpression of GIPN stimulates proteasome-dependent reduction of endogenous G alpha i3 in HEK293 cells and reduces the half-life of overexpressed G alpha i3-YFP. Thus, our findings suggest that GIPN is involved in the degradation of G alpha i3 subunits via the proteasome pathway. RGS-GAIP functions as a bifunctional adaptor that binds to G alpha subunits through its RGS domain and to GIPN through its cysteine string motif.