gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A scalable scheduling scheme for functional parallelism on distributed memory multiprocessor systems (1995)

We attempt a new variant of the scheduling problem by investigating the scalability of the schedule length with the required number of processors, by performing scheduling partially at compile time and partially at run time. Assuming infinite number of processors, the compile time schedule is found using a new concept of the threshold of a task that quantifies a trade-off between the schedule-length and the degree of parallelism. The schedule is found to minimize either the schedule length or the number of required processors and it satisfies: A feasibility condition which guarantees that the schedule delay of a task from its earliest start time is below the threshold, and an optimality condition which uses a merit function to decide the best task-processor match for a set of tasks competing for a given processor. At run time, the tasks are merged producing a schedule for a smaller number of available processors. This allows the program to be scaled down to the processors actually available at run time. Usefulness of this scheduling heuristic has been demonstrated by incorporating the scheduler in the compiler backend for targeting Sisal (Streams and Iterations in a Single Assignment Language) on iPSC/860.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An efficient store-and-forward protocol for a shallow-water acoustic local area network (2002)

A store-and-forward protocol for a shallow-water acoustic local area network is presented. This protocol permits random deployment of an unlimited number of possibly mobile acoustic modems in littoral zones. Modem connectivity is adaptively learned and permits the incorporation of fresh modems into an operating network. The main points of the protocol initialization, maintenance, routing, and rerouting algorithms are presented. The protocol borrows from existing algorithms for packet radio networks and presents methods to decrease delay and retransmission of packets to conserve the limited modem power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal Control of Voltage Regulators for Multiple Feeders (2009)

In this paper, a new method is proposed for the control of voltage regulators that enables the regulation of multiple feeders having diversified loads using only one regulator. The selection of the tap position of the regulator is chosen based on the solution of an integer linear optimization problem. The main advantage of the method is that it has a closed-form solution for the optimal tap; a merit which is very valuable in real-time operation. The constraints for having the voltage of the regulating points within the range of permissible values were ensured. Also, the necessary condition for feasible solutions was examined. A simulation study was carried out to validate the proposed method.
Development of Li-Ion Battery Electrolytes with Improved Safety for NASA Applications (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Predicting Compensation Voltage for Singly-charged Ions in High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) (2012)

Correlation between compensation voltage (CV) and the m/z ratio of singly-charged ions was elucidated. The experimental data for various alkylammonium homologues and various pharmaceutical compounds were used to construct empirical calibration curves that were fit using commercial regression analysis software packages. The best fit equations were applied to calculate the CV differences (ΔCV) in pure N(2) and N(2)/He 50/50 carrier gasses and CV values for a variety of compounds using only m/z values. The calculated values were in good agreement with experimental data and ΔCV values exhibited a very strong correlation with m/z. Application of these empirical calculations may provide a powerful CV prediction tool for researchers using high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and increase the value of FAIMS as an analytical method.
Is a fluid-mosaic model of biological membranes fully relevant? Studies on lipid organization in model and biological membranes. (2003)

The basic concept of the fluid-mosaic model of Singer and Nicolson, an essential point of which is that the membrane proteins are floating in a sea of excess lipid molecules organized in the lipid bilayer, may be misleading in understanding the movement of membrane components in biological membranes that show distinct domain structure. It seems that the lipid bilayer is an active factor in forming the membrane structure, and the lipid composition is responsible for the presence of domains in the membrane. The main role in the process of domain formation is played by cholesterol and sphingolipids. The results presented here show that in a binary mixture of cholesterol and unsaturated phospholipids, cholesterol is segregated out from the bulk unsaturated liquid-crystalline phase. This forms cholesterol-enriched domains or clustered cholesterol domains due to the lateral nonconformability between the rigid planar ring structure of cholesterol and the rigid bend of the unsaturated alkyl chain at double bond position. These cholesterol-enriched domains may be stabilized by the presence of saturated alkyl chains of sphingomyelin or glycosphingolipids, and also by specific proteins which selectively locate in these domains and stabilize them as a result of protein-protein interaction. Such lipid domains are called "rafts" and have been shown to be responsible both for signal transduction to and from the cell and for protein sorting. We also looked at whether polar carotenoids, compounds showing some similarities to cholesterol and affecting membrane properties in a similar way, would also promote domain formation and locate preferentially in one of the lipid phases. Our preliminary data show that in the presence of cholesterol, lutein (a polar carotenoid) may segregate out from saturated lipid regions (liquid-ordered phase) and accumulate in the regions rich in unsaturated phospholipids forming carotenoid-rich domains there. Conventional and pulse EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spin labeling techniques were employed to assess the molecular organization and dynamics of the raft-constituent molecules and of the raft itself in the membrane.
Electron states in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:math>-quartz: A self-consistent pseudopotential calculation (1977)

Self-consistent pseudopotentials are used to investigate the electronic structure of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-quartz. We present calculations for the band structure, electronic density of states, optical response functions, pseudocharge densities, and x-ray emission spectra. We find excellent agreement between theory and experiment with respect to photoemission and uv absorption data. The chemical bonding present in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-quartz as determined from pseudocharge density contour maps is consistent with other theoretical calculations. The theoretical x-ray emission spectra, as obtained from an orthogonalized-plane-wave scheme, are compared with experimental data. The calculated silicon and oxygen $K$ spectra agree very well with experiment; however, the $\mathrm{Si} {L}_{2,3}$ spectrum exhibits substantial disagreement with the data. An explanation is proposed based upon the formation of amorphous elemental Si in Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ during electron irradiation.
Aperture efficiency enhancement in a Cassegrain system by means of a dielectric lens (1987)

We have succeeded in boosting the overall aperture efficiency of a Cassegrain radio antenna by introducing a dielectric lens into the beam. The gain amounts to 0.7 dB, or about 17%, at millimeter wavelengths. The lens, of weak optical power, but strongly aspherical figure, is placed a short distance in front of the feed. It serves to redistribute the field in the aperture of the telescope, making the amplitude more uniform, with a sharp cutoff at the edge. The aberrations (defocusing and spherical) introduced by the lens are balanced by slightly displacing the secondary mirror. The lens can be adapted to many existing telescopes employing classical paraboloid‐hyperboloid optics, at minimal expense.
<title>Characterization of a C-arm-mounted XRII for 3D image reconstruction during interventional neuroradiology</title> (1996)

Treatment of subarachnoid aneurysms with endovascular techniques (e.g. placement of Guglielmi coils) is currently limited by the inability to visualize the neck of the aneurysm after the initial coils have been placed. Coils projecting into parent vessels may cause thrombosis, while incomplete filling leads to regrowth of the aneurysm. Since the procedure is performed using a gantry-mounted x-ray image intensifier (XRII), we have used this system to obtain 2- dimensional (2-D) images over approximately 200 degrees and reconstructed a 3-D image of the embolizing coil, residual aneurysm, and the parent vessel. The required data can be acquired, reconstructed and presented to the neuroradiologist during the interventional procedure. We have characterized an existing clinical C-arm radiographic system, and have developed correction procedures which provide a consistent and adequate data set for standard CT reconstruction using convolution-backprojection techniques. The angle of acquisition for each image is recorded using a hub-mounted angle encoder accurate to within plus or minus 0.3 degrees. We have characterized the XRII distortion over the rotation, and can correct images acquired at any known angle to within plus or minus 0.06 pixels. We have also measured the motion of the center of rotation (reproducible to within plus or minus 0.13 pixels) and correct for the displacement using an image shift and interpolation algorithm. Finally, we have investigated the effects on CT reconstruction of variable dilutions of contrast agent during the cardiac cycle, and have shown the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), in the absence of photon noise, to be 28. This is larger than the CNR which we achieve due to photon noise alone.
High-Performance InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Photodiode (2007)

In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As/InP avalanche photodiodes with very low dark current have been characterized in gated mode for single-photon detection. A 40-mum-diameter single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) exhibited high single-photon detection efficiency (SPDE = 45% at 1.31 mum), low dark count rate (DCR = 12 kHz), and low noise-equivalent power (NEP=4.5X 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-17</sup> W/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> W/Hz) at 200 K and 1.31 mum. A timing resolution of 140 ps was achieved with an SPDE of 45%. In addition, the dark current and DCR of a 4X4 SPAD array are reported.
Monolayers in Three Dimensions:  Synthesis and Electrochemistry of ω-Functionalized Alkanethiolate-Stabilized Gold Cluster Compounds (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMonolayers in Three Dimensions: Synthesis and Electrochemistry of ω-Functionalized Alkanethiolate-Stabilized Gold Cluster CompoundsMichael J. Hostetler, Stephen J. Green, Jennifer J. Stokes, and Royce W. MurrayView Author Information Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 17, 4212–4213Publication Date (Web):May 1, 1996Publication History Received22 January 1996Published online1 May 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja960198ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja960198grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4851Altmetric-Citations478LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cluster chemistry,Electrodes,Gold,Metal clusters,Molecules Get e-Alerts
Age-dependent and regional heterogeneity in the long-chain base of A-series gangliosides observed in the rat brain using MALDI Imaging (2017)

Alterations in the long chain base of the sphingosine moiety of gangliosides have been shown to play a role in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Indeed, the accumulation of d20:1 sphingosine has been referred to as a metabolic marker of aging in the brain, however, this remains to be shown in simple gangliosides GM2 and GM3. In this study, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry (MALDI IMS) was used to examine the neuroanatomical distribution of A-series gangliosides with either 18 or 20 carbon sphingosine chains (d18:1 or d20:1) in Fisher 344 rats across the lifespan. The ratio of d20:1/d18:1 species was determined across 11 regions of interest in the brain. Interestingly, a decrease in the d20:1/d18:1 ratio for GM2 and GM3 was observed during early development with the exception of the peri-ventricular corpus callosum, where an age-dependent increase was observed for ganglioside GM3. An age-dependent increase in d20:1 species was confirmed for complex gangliosides GM1 and GD1 with the most significant increase during early development and a high degree of anatomical heterogeneity during aging. The unique neuroanatomically-specific responses of d20:1 ganglioside abundance may lead to a better understanding of regional vulnerability to damage in the aging brain.
Storage Phosphors for Medical Imaging (2011)

Computed radiography (CR) uses storage phosphor imaging plates for digital imaging. Absorbed X-ray energy is stored in crystal defects. In read-out the energy is set free as blue photons upon optical stimulation. In the 35 years of CR history, several storage phosphor families were investigated and developed. An explanation is given as to why some materials made it to the commercial stage, while others did not. The photo stimulated luminescence mechanism of the current commercial storage phosphors, BaFBr:Eu<sup>2+</sup> and CsBr:Eu<sup>2+</sup> is discussed. The relation between storage phosphor plate physical characteristics and image quality is explained. It is demonstrated that the morphology of the phosphor crystals in the CR imaging plate has a very significant impact on its performance.
Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor inhalation therapy for patients with idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a pilot study; and long‐term treatment with aerosolized granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor: a case report (2006)

Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (IPAP) is considered to be caused by an autoantibody to the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which neutralizes GM-CSF and therefore impairs the differentiation of alveolar macrophages. The authors have previously characterized the BAL fluid and alveolar macrophages obtained from three IPAP patients who were successfully treated with aerosolized GM-CSF and demonstrated restoration of the cell number, expression of surface marker, and phagocytic ability of the alveolar macrophages as well as a decrease in the autoantibody levels in the BAL fluid. The condition recurred in one of the patients after 20 months. This patient underwent a second and third course of GM-CSF inhalation therapy with the same dose and schedule as the first one. Since the second therapeutic intervention did not succeed in producing any improvement in the symptoms and disease markers, the authors used a new nebulizer and a liquid preparation of the drug instead of the lyophilized preparation for the third therapeutic session and this restored the respiratory function considerably. A 6-month maintenance therapeutic regimen with a lower GM-CSF inhalation frequency brought about a further improvement in the disease markers. The results suggest that the efficacy of GM-CSF inhalation therapy might be related to the drug preparation mode, choice of nebulizer, and duration of treatment.
Enhancement of γ-aminobutyric acid in a fermented red seaweed beverage by starter culture Lactobacillus plantarum DW12 (2011)

Lactobacillus plantarum DW12, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing strain, was used as a starter culture to produce a functional fermented red seaweed beverage (FSB). Optimal conditions for producing FSB were established using Central Composite Design by varying the amounts of monosodium glutamate (MSG), sucrose and the initial pH in MRS medium. After a verification test, 1% MSG, 6% sucrose and an initial pH of 6 were selected. Four treatments were tested: traditional formula (A), red seaweed-cane sugar-potable water = 3:1:10, w/w/v, initial pH 6; the traditional formula with a 5% starter culture consisting of 4.1 x 10 9 CFU of DW 12/ml (B); formula A modified by changing the amounts of cane sugar and MSG to 6% and 1%, respectively (C); formula C with a 5% starter culture added (D). Comparison among the 4 treatments showed that the treatment D produced the highest amount of GABA (4000 mg/L) during days 45-60 while the GABA content of A, B and C treatments was 340, 730 and 1690 mg/L, respectively. However, the results of the sensory test for the treatments C and D showed that the presence of MSG produced an unsatisfactory salty taste. All finished products from the 4 treatments met Thai standard guidelines for chemical and microbiological qualities after 120 days. The results indicated that enrichment of the GABA content in FSB is possible by adding MSG and the GABA producing strain DW12; however, the appropriate amount of MSG addition should be further studied.
THE SUBSTITUTED THIO-UREAS. V. THE SYNTHESIS OF THIO-UREAS FROM AMINO-ETHANOLS AND OF THIAZOLIDINE DERIVATIVES (1925)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SUBSTITUTED THIO-UREAS. V. THE SYNTHESIS OF THIO-UREAS FROM AMINO-ETHANOLS AND OF THIAZOLIDINE DERIVATIVESF. B. Dains, R. Q. Brewster, I. L. Malm, A. W. Miller, R. V. Maneval, and J. A. SultzabergerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1925, 47, 7, 1981–1989Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1925Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1925https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01684a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01684a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Long-Chain Monounsaturated and n-3 Fatty Acids on Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipid Composition in Rats (2001)

Long-chain n-3 fatty acids and fat fish are reported, among multiple physiological properties, to enhance peroxisomal beta-oxidation and effect triacylglycerol status. Long-chain n-3 and monounsaturated fatty acids are the main portion of fatty acids in fat fish. The individual effect of long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids on beta-oxidation and fatty acid composition was tested and compared to the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in a 3-week feeding experiment of rats. To explore the contribution from long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids in these aspects, the effect of long-chain n-3 and monounsaturated fatty acids on mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation was compared, as well as fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, liver and serum. Fatty acid oxidase, palmitoyltransferase I and II activities, the amount of serum lipids, and the fatty acid composition of lipid fractions from the organs were analysed. The peroxisomal beta-oxidation was enhanced by the n-3 fatty acids, whereas a small, significant increase with the monounsaturated fatty acids was observed. There was a stimulation of the mitochondrial oxidation with the n-3 fatty acids, but monounsaturated fatty acids gave a small, nonsignificant decrease. With n-3 fatty acids there was a considerable decrease in the levels of serum triacylglycerol, phospholipids, free fatty acids and total cholesterol, while there were only minor effects of monounsaturated fatty acids. As judged from the fatty acid composition data, there was a mobilization on n-3 fatty acids from the adipose tissue to liver and plasma with the n-3 diet. This observation was also seen with the monounsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet. In conclusion, monounsaturated fatty acids seemed to stimulate peroxisomal beta-oxidation and to increase plasma triacylglycerol, whereas the mitochondrial oxidation was slightly decreased.
Trellis and Turbo Coding (2004)

1. Introduction. 2. Communication Theory Basics. 3. Trellis Coded Modulation. 4. Convolutional Codes. 5. Link to Block Codes. 6. Performance Bounds. 7. Decoding Strategies. 8. Factor Graphs. 9. Low-Density Parity Check Codes. 10. Parallel Concatenation (Turbo Codes). 11. Serial Concatenation. 12. Turbo Coded Modulation.