gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the sites required for the allosteric inhibition of serine acetyltransferase by L‐cysteine in plants (1999)

Serine acetyltransferase (SATase; EC 2.3.1.30) catalyzes the formation of O-acetylserine from L-Ser and acetyl-CoA in plants and bacteria. In plants, two types of SATase have been described. One is allosterically inhibited by L-Cys, and the second is not sensitive to L-Cys inhibition. However, the allosteric site in SATase has not been identified. To understand better the mechanism of L-Cys inhibition of plant SATases, we constructed several chimeric SATase enzymes from watermelon SATase (WaSATase) (sensitive type) and Arabidopsis SAT-p (insensitive type). These enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli, and inhibition of the mutated SATase activity by L-Cys was analyzed. Mutated WaSATase, in which Met280 was changed to Ile, was no longer inhibited by L-Cys. Analysis of the inhibition the chimeric enzymes indicated that the C-terminal region of WaSATase from Pro276 to Phe285, in which five amino acids are different from those of SAT-p, was responsible for the determination of the sensitivity to L-Cys. In particular, Gly277 in the C-terminal region of WaSATase was primarily responsible for the L-Cys inhibition. The N-terminal half of the protein, which does not contain the catalytic domain, was also important for the sensitivity to L-Cys. These results indicate that the sensitivity of SATase to L-Cys is due to the N-terminal and C-terminal regions rather than to the catalytic domain.
STUDY FOR APPLYING COMPUTER-GENERATED IMAGES TO VISUAL SIMULATION (1969)

Abstract : The report describes the results of a system design study for applying digital image generation techniques to visual simulation for pilot training. The computer generated images are to provide out-the-window scenes for a flight simulator which is to be used for training Air Force pilots. No existing visual system can provide all of the capabilities which are desired in a flight simulator. Digitally generated scenes do overcome many of the shortcomings associated with more conventional approaches but have had limited application because of the difficulty of computing enough image detail. The ability to generate images of more complex and realistic environments is closely tied to advances in digital device technology. The study assesses the impact of recent developments in this area on the design of an image generating system. The conceptual design of an image generator is described. The principles of operation, the system configuration and operational characteristics are discussed. Several key problem areas are explored in depth. Feasible methods of implementation with presently available hardware are examined and an estimate of the hardware complexity is given.
Scale‐up of abatement of fermentation inhibitors from acid hydrolysates for efficient conversion to ethanol as biofuel (2015)

Abstract BACKGROUND The presence of sugar and lignin degradation products, viz. furans and phenolics, make the acid hydrolysate toxic to the microbes. This work attempts to develop an efficient method for the abatement of these microbial inhibitors at pilot scale. RESULT Among various methods for detoxifying fermentation inhibitors from acid hydrolysate of Prosopis juliflora , activated charcoal (2.0%) removed inhibitors almost completely, followed by ion‐exchange resins (73% phenolics and 84% furans). The neutralization and alkalinization treatments removed specifically furans and caused higher loss of sugars (∼50%), while the enzymatic treatment was more effective on removal of furans. The charcoal detoxification process on scale up (20 L), achieved the abatement of 87–93% phenolics and 87–96% furans from acid hydrolysate. The activated charcoal was regenerated and use of regenerated charcoal removed phenolics and furfurals from acid hydrolysate of P. juliflora by 83% and 86%, respectively. The detoxified hydrolysate on fermentation with Pichia stipitis NCIM 3499 produced 6.85 g L −1 ethanol with 0.35 g g −1 yield and 0.43 g L −1 h −1 productivity. CONCLUSION Activated charcoal adsorption was found to be the most effective and cheap method for abatement of inhibitors. Moreover, regeneration of charcoal and the scalability of the process make it industrially competitive. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Canine Distemper Virus and Measles Virus Fusion Glycoprotein Trimers: Partial Membrane-Proximal Ectodomain Cleavage Enhances Function (2004)

The trimeric fusion (F) glycoproteins of morbilliviruses are activated by furin cleavage of the precursor F(0) into the F(1) and F(2) subunits. Here we show that an additional membrane-proximal cleavage occurs and modulates F protein function. We initially observed that the ectodomain of approximately one in three measles virus (MV) F proteins is cleaved proximal to the membrane. Processing occurs after cleavage activation of the precursor F(0) into the F(1) and F(2) subunits, producing F(1a) and F(1b) fragments that are incorporated in viral particles. We also detected the F(1b) fragment, including the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail, in cells expressing the canine distemper virus (CDV) or mumps virus F protein. Six membrane-proximal amino acids are necessary for efficient CDV F(1a/b) cleavage. These six amino acids can be exchanged with the corresponding MV F protein residues of different sequence without compromising function. Thus, structural elements of different sequence are functionally exchangeable. Finally, we showed that the alteration of a block of membrane-proximal amino acids results in diminished fusion activity in the context of a recombinant CDV. We envisage that selective loss of the membrane anchor in the external subunits of circularly arranged F protein trimers may disengage them from pulling the membrane centrifugally, thereby facilitating fusion pore formation.
Synthesis and chemistry of some tricyclo[4.2.1.02,5]nonane derivatives (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and chemistry of some tricyclo[4.2.1.02,5]nonane derivativesR. R. Sauers, S. B. Schlosberg, and P. E. PfefferCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 6, 2175–2181Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01270a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01270a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resveratrol structure and ceramide-associated growth inhibition in prostate cancer cells. (2003)

Resveratrol (3,4',5-trans-trihydroxystilbene) is a dietary polyphenol with chemopreventive properties present in grapes, red wine, peanuts and other edible products. The antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect of resveratrol in breast cancer cells can be traced to the accumulation of ceramide. In this study we demonstrate that resveratrol can also exert antiproliferative/proapoptotic effects in association with the accumulation of endogenous ceramide in the androgen receptor (AR)-negative prostate cancer cell line, PC3. Notably, resveratrol shares with other ceramide-inducing agents a phenolic moiety on its structure. For this reason we hypothesize that the phenolic moiety is critical for the ceramide-associated growth-inhibitory effects of resveratrol. We compared the ability to induce both ceramide increase and growth inhibition in PC3 cells of resveratrol and three resveratrol analogs: piceatannol (3,3',4',5-trans-tetrahydroxystilbene), with an additional hydroxyl group in the 3' position; trans-stilbene, the nonhydroxylated analog; and the semisynthetic 3,4',5-trimethoxy-trans-stilbene (TmS), with methoxyl groups in lieu of the hydroxyl groups. Of the three stilbenoids, only piceatannol (and not stilbene or TmS) produced ceramide-associated growth inhibition. These data point to the phenolic moiety of stilbenoids as a critical structural feature necessary to induce ceramide-associated growth inhibition.
Raking the Cocktail Party (2015)

We present the concept of an acoustic rake receiver-a microphone beamformer that uses echoes to improve the noise and interference suppression. The rake idea is well-known in wireless communications; it involves constructively combining different multipath components that arrive at the receiver antennas. Unlike spread-spectrum signals used in wireless communications, speech signals are not orthogonal to their shifts. Therefore, we focus on the spatial structure, rather than the temporal. Instead of explicitly estimating the channel, we create correspondences between early echoes in time and image sources in space. These multiple sources of the desired and the interfering signal offer additional spatial diversity that we can exploit in the beamformer design. We present several “intuitive” and optimal formulations of acoustic rake receivers, and show theoretically and numerically that the rake formulation of the maximum signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio beamformer offers significant performance boosts in terms of noise and interference suppression. Beyond signal-to-noise ratio, we observe gains in terms of the perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) metric for the speech quality. We accompany the paper by the complete simulation and processing chain written in Python. The code and the sound samples are available online at http://lcav.github.io/AcousticRake Receiver/.
Energy Transfer Pathways in a Rylene‐Based Triad (2010)

Herein, a study on the excitation energy migration is reported for a newly synthesized Triad with a well-defined architecture consisting of a central terrylenediimide decorated with four perylenediimide and sixteen naphthalenemonoimide chromophores. Steady-state femto- and picosecond time-resolved spectroscopy were employed to unveil the excited states dynamics in solution. Compared with the results obtained from the corresponding model compounds, the Triad is an efficient light collector over the entire visible spectral range and the fluorescence occurs mostly from the core with a quantum yield as high as 60%. The results suggest that selective excitation of the naphthalenemonoimide chromophores results in an efficient energy transfer that occurs in a cascade fashion (through the perylenediimide chromophores) towards the terrylenediimide core with time constants of <200 fs and 3.7 ps. Naphthalenemonoimide chromophores can also transfer their excitation energy to the terrylenediimide core directly via two parallel pathways with time constants of 1.5 and 8.4 ps, respectively. Additionally, single-molecule confocal microscopy experiments revealed strong emission from the terrylenediimide unit upon excitation of the naphthalenemonoimide chromophores. As time evolved, stepwise photobleaching of the multichromophoric Triad single molecules embedded in a PMMA polymer film was observed, resulting in a 96 percent probability of observing perylenediimide emission before final photobleaching under ambient conditions, substantiating the cascade energy transfer pathway. Under nitrogen atmosphere however, no perylenediimide emission could be observed for single Triad molecules embedded in a PMMA polymer film, likely as a result of the prolonged photostability of the terrylenediimide core in absence of oxygen.
Unsupervised Risk Stratification in Clinical Datasets: Identifying Patients at Risk of Rare Outcomes (2010)

Most existing algorithms for clinical risk stratification rely on labeled training data. Collecting this data is challenging for clinical conditions where only a small percentage of patients experience adverse outcomes. We propose an unsupervised anomaly detection approach to risk stratify patients without the need of positively and negatively labeled training examples. High-risk patients are identified without any expert knowledge using a minimum enclosing ball to find cases that lie in sparse regions of the feature space. When evaluated on data from patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome and on patients undergoing inpatient surgical procedures, our approach successfully identified individuals at increased risk of adverse endpoints in both populations. In some cases, unsupervised anomaly detection outperformed other machine learning methods that used additional knowledge in the form of labeled examples. 1.
Csvpwm and Azsvpwm: A Comparative Approach for Dtc Vsi Fed Induction Motor Drive (2012)

This paper presents a mathematical and programming model of conventional space vector pulse width modulation(CSVPWM) and mathematical analysis of new approach for designing SVPWM imaginary switching times called active zero space vector pulse width modulation AZSVPWM for reducing the common mode voltage.V cm from +V dc /2 to+V dc /6.In AZSVPWM method the complexity involved in calculating V ref and angle information zero voltage vector are eliminated by simply taking two opposite active voltage vectors.
Analysis on steady state behavior of DEVS models (2002)

B. P. Zeigler's (1984) DEVS formalism supports a unified modeling and simulation framework for discrete event systems, but it lacks an analytic means for reasoning about system behavior. To provide both analytic and simulation means for the formalism, an approach to analyzing the steady state behavior of DEVS models without simulation experiments is proposed. By establishing correspondence between a DEVS model and a continuous-time Markov chain in steady state, the approach transforms the given DEVS model into an equivalent continuous time Markov chain. By analyzing the Markov chain, various steady state probabilities, such as mean sojourn time and mean waiting time, are obtained. The proposed approach is validated by comparing the results from the approach with those from simulation experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of Homogeneous Dispersions of Tunicate Cellulose Whiskers in Organic Solvents (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPreparation of Homogeneous Dispersions of Tunicate Cellulose Whiskers in Organic SolventsOtto van den Berg, Jeffrey R. Capadona, and Christoph WederView Author Information Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and L. Stokes Cleveland Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2007, 8, 4, 1353–1357Publication Date (Web):March 8, 2007Publication History Received21 November 2006Revised16 January 2007Published online8 March 2007Published inissue 1 April 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bm061104qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/bm061104qbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3863Altmetric-Citations236LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cellulose,Colloids,Nanocomposites,Organic acids,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Methionine restriction decreases visceral fat mass and preserves insulin action in aging male Fischer 344 rats independent of energy restriction (2006)

Reduced dietary methionine intake (0.17% methionine, MR) and calorie restriction (CR) prolong lifespan in male Fischer 344 rats. Although the mechanisms are unclear, both regimens feature lower body weight and reductions in adiposity. Reduced fat deposition in CR is linked to preservation of insulin responsiveness in older animals. These studies examine the relationship between insulin responsiveness and visceral fat in MR and test whether, despite lower food intake observed in MR animals, decreased visceral fat accretion and preservation of insulin sensitivity is not secondary to CR. Accordingly, rats pair fed (pf) control diet (0.86% methinone, CF) to match the food intake of MR for 80 weeks exhibit insulin, glucose, and leptin levels similar to control-fed animals and comparable amounts of visceral fat. Conversely, MR rats show significantly reduced visceral fat compared to CF and PF with concomitant decreases in basal insulin, glucose, and leptin, and increased adiponectin and triiodothyronine. Daily energy expenditure in MR animals significantly exceeds that of both PF and CF. In a separate cohort, insulin responses of older MR animals as measured by oral glucose challenge are similar to young animals. Longitudinal assessments of MR and CF through 112 weeks of age reveal that MR prevents age-associated increases in serum lipids. By 16 weeks, MR animals show a 40% reduction in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) that is sustained throughout life; CF IGF-1 levels decline much later, beginning at 112 weeks. Collectively, the results indicate that MR reduces visceral fat and preserves insulin activity in aging rats independent of energy restriction.
Biological processes for the reduction of alcohol in wines (1995)

A study was conducted into the effect of varying levels of aeration and temperature on the reduction of sugar and production of alcohol in Muller Thurgau grape juice by selected yeast strains. In addition, an assessment of the suitability of combining aeration with anaerobic fermentation to produce a reduced alcohol wine with acceptable colour and taste was undertaken. Of seven yeast strains which had shown promising results at reducing sugar levels in either apple juice or orange juice, three; Pichia stipitis, Candida tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, individually produced significant alcohol reductions when fermented at 30 °C under controlled aeration. By combining short-term controlled aeration, to reduce the sugar content of the grape juice, with anaerobic fermentation using an active dried wine yeast, wines with acceptable taste and 25 to 30% less alcohol were produced. These wines did, however, exhibit the deep golden colour indicative of oxidation.
Determinants of LV diastolic function during atrial fibrillation: beat-to-beat analysis in acute dog experiments (2004)

Left ventricular (LV) diastolic function during atrial fibrillation (AF) remains poorly understood due to the complex interaction of factors and beat-to-beat variability. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the physiological determinants of beat-to-beat changes in LV diastolic function during AF. The RR intervals preceding a given cardiac beat were measured from the right ventricular electrogram in 12 healthy open-chest mongrel dogs during AF. Doppler echocardiography and LV pressure and volume beat-to-beat analyses were performed. The LV filling time (FT) and early diastolic mitral inflow velocity-time integral (E(vti)) were measured using the pulsed Doppler method. The LV end-diastolic volume (EDV), peak systolic LV pressure (LVP), minimum value of the first derivative of LV pressure curve (dP/dt(min)), and the time constant of LV pressure decay (tau) were evaluated with the use of a conductance catheter for 100 consecutive cardiac cycles. Beat-to-beat analysis revealed a cascade of important causal relations. LV-FT showed a significant positive linear relationship with E(vti) (r = 0.87). Importantly, there was a significant positive linear relationship between the RR interval and LV-EDV in the same cardiac beat (r = 0.53). Consequently, there was a positive linear relationship between LV-EDV and subsequent peak systolic LVP (r = 0.82). Furthermore, there were significant positive linear and negative curvilinear relationships between peak systolic LVP and dP/dt(min) (r = 0.95) and tau (r = -0.85), respectively, in the same cardiac beat. In addition, there was a significant negative curvilinear relationship between dP/dt(min) and tau (r = -0.86). We have concluded that the determinants of LV diastolic function in individual beats during AF depend strongly on the peak systolic LVP. This suggests that the major benefit of slower ventricular rate appears related to lengthening of LV filling interval, promoting subsequent higher peak systolic LVP and greater LV relaxation.