gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nickel-catalysed Negishi cross-coupling reactions: scope and mechanisms (2009)

The Negishi cross-coupling of organozinc reagents is a valuable tool for the formation of C-C bonds in the presence of functional groups. Although this reaction is catalysed by Ni or Pd complexes, the latter have been much more developed. Nevertheless, Ni derivatives have become important in recent years, especially for their activity in the formation of alkyl-alkyl bonds. The mechanisms involved in Ni-catalysed reactions are different from the usual catalytic cycle involving oxidative addition-transmetalation-reductive elimination that is generally accepted for Pd-catalysed reactions. This tutorial review presents the more recent advances in Ni-catalysed Negishi cross-couplings for the formation of different kinds of C-C bonds and discusses their proposed reaction mechanisms.
Electromyogram-triggered neuromuscular stimulation for improving the arm function of acute stroke survivors: A randomized pilot study (1998)

Data suggest that EMG-stim enhances the arm function of acute stroke survivors.
A precision therapeutic strategy for hexokinase 1-null, hexokinase 2-positive cancers (2018)

The HK1<sup>-</sup>HK2<sup>+</sup> cancer subsets exist among a wide variety of cancer types. Selective inhibition of the HK1<sup>-</sup>HK2<sup>+</sup> cancer cell-specific energy production pathways (HK2-driven glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation), due to the unique presence of only the HK2 isoform, appears promising to treat HK1<sup>-</sup>HK2<sup>+</sup> cancers. This therapeutic strategy will likely be tolerated by most normal tissues, where only HK1 is expressed.
Phenoxide Allylation in a Phase-Transfer Catalytic Extraction System (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenoxide Allylation in a Phase-Transfer Catalytic Extraction SystemHo-Shing Wu and Jaw-Jiun LaiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 5, 1536–1538Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00044a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00044a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A low latency transceiver macro with robust design technique for processor interface (2009)

This paper describes a 65 nm 16-bit parallel transceiver IP macro, whose bandwidth is 4.8 GByte/s with 5 pf load including the HBM 2000v ESD protection. Equalizers and CDR modules, CRC checkers and 8b/10b encoders are not added in the design for reducing the latency and the whole latency is 7 ns without cables. Since the transceiver has many robust features including a PVT independent PLL with calibrations, the low skew differential clock tree, a stable current mode driver with common mode feedback. The transceiver can tolerance 20% power supply variations and work properly at different process corners and the extreme temperatures. The transceiver can be applied for the interface of sub-100 nm high performance processors which require low latency and high stability. The transceiver shows a BER less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> at 3 Gb/s/pin.
Detection of Metal Contamination on Silicon Wafer Backside and Edge by New TXRF Methods (2009)

In conventional 200 mm wafer processing, backside defects are not considered to be of much concern because they are obscured by wafer backside topography. However, in current 300 mm wafer processing where both sides of a wafer are polished, backside defects require more consideration. In the beginning, backside defect inspection examined particle contamination because particle contamination adversely influences the depth of field in lithography. Recently, metal contamination is of concern because backside metal contamination causes cross‐contamination in a process line, and backside metals easily transfer to the front surface. As the industry strives to yield more devices from the area around the wafer edge, edge exclusion requirements have also become more important. The current International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors [1] requires a 2 mm edge exclusion. Therefore, metal contamination must be controlled to less than 2 mm from the edge because metal contamination easily diffuses in silicon wafers. To meet these current semiconductor processing requirements, newly developed zero edge exclusion TXRF (ZEE‐TXRF) and backside measurement TXRF (BAC‐TXRF) are effective metrology methods.
High-performance silicon-based multicomponent battery anodes produced via synergistic coupling of multifunctional coating layers (2015)

We demonstrate the newly developed Si-based multicomponent anodes exhibiting a highly stable cycling retention (∼65% after 1000 cycles at a 1 C discharge–charge rate).
Short Notices (1972)

Short Notices Get access ERIC JOHN ERIC JOHN University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXXVII, Issue CCCXLII, January 1972, Pages 162-b–163, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXXVII.CCCXLII.162-b Published: 01 January 1972
The Globalization of Biblical Interpretation: A Test Case—John 3–4 (1995)

Abstract The globalization of hermeneutics has generated recent, intense debate. One useful definition views it as the process of asking new questions of the text, particularly in light of the experiences of marginalization of a large percentage of the world's population. John 3–4 and its dialogues between Jesus and the contrasting characters of Nicodemus and the Samaritan woman offer a fruitful test case of this process. Striking inversions of contemporary expectations about their roles result. Interesting answers emerge from raising questions of liberation theology, feminism, politics and religious pluralism. Metacriticism, however, must move us beyond these more parochial, though often overlooked, concerns. Ultimately John subordinates both characters to his focus on the significance of Jesus.
10 mJ class femtosecond optical parametric amplifier for generating soft x-ray harmonics (2008)

Power scaling of an infrared (IR) parametric amplifier chain, pumped at 800nm by a terawatt Ti:sapphire laser system has been reported. A total output energy exceeding 10mJ with 40fs pulse duration has been achieved in the IR region, which is the highest energy and peak power ever reported for an ultrafast optical parametric amplifier scheme. By applying the developed IR pulses to high-order harmonic generation, we have observed a significant cutoff extension compared to the case of 800nm driving wavelength. This source suits as a driver laser for extending high-order harmonic photon energy into the kiloelectronvolts region.
Voltaire and Metaphysics (1944)

It is too often assumed that Voltaire is uninterested in metaphysics and that his whole attitude is inimical to such studies. This assumption is of course largely dependent on the definition of the term metaphysics. To modern minds metaphysics tends to imply knowledge of the absolute obtained by some direct intuition of reality, and to the Bergsonian definition of metaphysics as the science which claims to dispense with symbols the present writer would largely subscribe. Given this modern definition of metaphysics, which is also the Kantian one, as a special mode of knowledge, it is an undoubted fact that Voltaire is not in this sense a metaphysical mind; the appeal to any peculiar or specifically a priori mode of thought was, of course, incompatible with his empiricism.
Design and control of vast DOF wet SMA array actuators (2004)

A new concept for an actuator array is presented where a vast number of actuators are contained within a small volume and are controlled in a scalable sense. This vast degree-of-freedom system utilizes an array of shape memory alloy wires embedded within a network of fluidic vessels. A matrix manifold and valve (MMV) system routes fluid from hot and cold reservoirs in order to control an array of N/sup 2/ SMA actuators using only 2N valves. A prototype MMV system containing a 4 by 4 array of wet SMA actuators is designed and implemented. Control strategies suitable for controlling MMV system that uses 2N valves to control N/sup 2/ actuators are presented. Two different protocols are presented and evaluated. The system error increases without bound under certain input conditions, since all the actuators cannot be activated at the same time. Simulations show that system error starts to go out of bound when the individual actuator is activated 25% of the time for the 4 by 4 arrays of the actuators.
Targeted inhibition of PI3Kα/δ is synergistic with BCL-2 blockade in genetically defined subtypes of DLBCL (2018)

Inhibition of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway is a promising treatment strategy in multiple B-cell malignancies. However, the role of BCR blockade in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains undefined. We recently characterized primary DLBCL subsets with distinct genetic bases for perturbed BCR/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and dysregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) expression. Herein, we explore the activity of PI3K inhibitors and BCL-2 blockade in a panel of functionally and genetically characterized DLBCL cell line models. A PI3K inhibitor with predominant α/δ activity, copanlisib, exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in all BCR-dependent DLBCLs. The proapoptotic effect of copanlisib was associated with DLBCL subtype-specific dysregulated expression of BCL-2 family members including harakiri (HRK) and its antiapoptotic partner BCL extra large (BCL-xL), BCL2 related protein A1, myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1), and BCL2 interacting mediator of cell death. Using functional BH3 profiling, we found that the cytotoxic activity of copanlisib was primarily mediated through BCL-xL and MCL-1-dependent mechanisms that might complement BCL-2 blockade. For these reasons, we evaluated single-agent activity of venetoclax in the DLBCLs and identified a subset with limited sensitivity to BCL-2 blockade despite having genetic bases of BCL-2 dysregulation. As these were largely BCR-dependent DLBCLs, we hypothesized that combined inhibition of PI3Kα/δ and BCL-2 would perturb BCR-dependent and BCL-2-mediated survival pathways. Indeed, we observed synergistic activity of copanlisib/venetoclax in BCR-dependent DLBCLs with genetic bases for BCL-2 dysregulation in vitro and confirmed these findings in a xenograft model. These results provide preclinical evidence for the rational combination of PI3Kα/δ and BCL-2 blockade in genetically defined DLBCLs.
A power sharing series power BJT array with isolated low voltage control for AC power control applications (2006)

A technique for a continuously variable AC resistance using a series BJT array is presented. This array provides high power dissipation capability and uniform voltage and power distribution across the individual transistors. The array, controlled using a set of optoisolators to maintain the electrical isolation between the control circuits and the power stage, could be used as the basis to develop several useful techniques including a solid state AC regulator with comparable performance to the commonly used ferro-resonant systems; a linear AC electronic load suitable for testing UPS and other power conditioners; and, in other AC power control applications such as switching capacitors in AC resonant circuits
Coding of LSP parameters using interframe moving average prediction and multi-stage vector quantization (1993)

This paper proposes a new efficient line spectrum pair (LSP) vector quantization method which uses moving average (MA) interframe prediction of the parameters. This method has two advantages over auto-regressive prediction: the degradation of decoded parameters caused by bit errors affects only a few of the following frames, and codeword decoding can start at any frame. Using MA prediction, the final reconstructed LSP vector (quantized vector) of the current frame is represented as a linear combination of current and previous frame code vectors. In this paper we describe ways to achieve a more efficient LSP coder when each frame has four 10-ms subfraines. The spectral distance obtained by this method at 30 bits per 40 ms is better than that obtained using conventional multi-stage VQ without interframe correlation at 40 bits per 40 ms.
Room-Temperature Negative Capacitance in a Ferroelectric–Dielectric Superlattice Heterostructure (2014)

We demonstrate room-temperature negative capacitance in a ferroelectric-dielectric superlattice heterostructure. In epitaxially grown superlattice of ferroelectric BSTO (Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3) and dielectric LAO (LaAlO3), capacitance was found to be larger compared to the constituent LAO (dielectric) capacitance. This enhancement of capacitance in a series combination of two capacitors indicates that the ferroelectric was stabilized in a state of negative capacitance. Negative capacitance was observed for superlattices grown on three different substrates (SrTiO3 (001), DyScO3 (110), and GdScO3 (110)) covering a large range of substrate strain. This demonstrates the robustness of the effect as well as potential for controlling the negative capacitance effect using epitaxial strain. Room-temperature demonstration of negative capacitance is an important step toward lowering the subthreshold swing in a transistor below the intrinsic thermodynamic limit of 60 mV/decade and thereby improving energy efficiency.
A cross layer approach for improving TCP performance using channel access information (2013)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), is a transport layer protocol mainly designed to work well in wired networks. However, TCP suffers from performance degradation in wireless environment due to the characteristics specific to the wireless networks. TCP misinterprets the wireless loss as congestion loss. TCP in heterogeneous networks fails to distinguish wireless loss from congestion and collision losses. In this paper, a cross-layer approach is proposed which surpass the channel access information to transport layer for improving the performance of TCP in heterogeneous environment.
A wide tunable range CMOS OTA (2008)

A wide linear tunable range transconductor based on CMOS technology is proposed in this paper. The realization technique is achieved by squaring the transconductance gain (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) of the CMOS OTA. Its g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> can be linearly tuned by an external bias current for more than 3 decades (2 uA-3 mA), with less than 2% nonlinearity for the input-voltage linear range of about 1 Vp. The usefulness of the proposed linear tunable tranconductor is demonstrated through an application example, an electronically tunable biquad filter. The performance of the proposed circuit is discussed and confirmed through PSPICE simulation results.
Synthesis and characterisation of [VS<sub>4</sub>(CuPPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>(CuCl)Cl<sub>2</sub>]·CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>; a compound containing a tetrahedral V<sup>v</sup>S<sub>4</sub>core encapsulated by an octahedral array of copper(<scp>I</scp>) atoms (1987)

Reaction between [NH4]3[VS4], [NEt4]Cl, CuCl, and PPh3 in CH2Cl2 has led to the formation of [VS4(CuPPh3)5(CuCl)Cl2] which contains a hitherto unrecognised type of mixed metal sulphur cluster, consisting of a tetrahedral VVS4 core bound to an octahedral array of CuI atoms.
MEMS millimeterwave components (2003)

New microelectromechanical system (MEMS) components that enable reconfigurable MEMS millimeterwave transceivers were presented with a focus on the device architectures for system integration. The architectures for reconfigurable antennas, planar impedance tuners, microswitches and variable capacitors were demonstrated using the three-polysilicon-layer process.
Binding of bovine lactoferrin to Streptococcus agalactiae (1992)

Bovine lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein present in mammary gland secretions. The exposure of Streptococcus agalactiae to bovine lactoferrin resulted in the binding of this protein to all the 12 strains of bovine origin tested, and also, although to a lesser degree, to the five tested strains of human origin. The interaction of lactoferrin with one high-binding bovine strain (24/60, the prototype NT/X strain) was studied. Binding was time-dependent, dose-dependent, and saturable. The binding of lactoferrin was slightly affected by cultivation conditions, and appeared to be heat-stable. The binding of biotinylated lactoferrin was inhibited by unlabelled lactoferrin but not by bovine serum albumin.
An Interpenetrating Alginate/Gelatin Network for Three-Dimensional (3D) Cell Cultures and Organ Bioprinting (2020)

Crosslinking is an effective way to improve the physiochemical and biochemical properties of hydrogels. In this study, we describe an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of alginate/gelatin hydrogels (i.e., A-G-IPN) in which cells can be encapsulated for in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cultures and organ bioprinting. A double crosslinking model, i.e., using Ca<sup>2+</sup> to crosslink alginate molecules and transglutaminase (TG) to crosslink gelatin molecules, is exploited to improve the physiochemical, such as water holding capacity, hardness and structural integrity, and biochemical properties, such as cytocompatibility, of the alginate/gelatin hydrogels. For the sake of convenience, the individual ionic (i.e., only treatment with Ca<sup>2+</sup>) or enzymatic (i.e., only treatment with TG) crosslinked alginate/gelatin hydrogels are referred as alginate-semi-IPN (i.e., A-semi-IPN) or gelatin-semi-IPN (i.e., G-semi-IPN), respectively. Tunable physiochemical and biochemical properties of the hydrogels have been obtained by changing the crosslinking sequences and polymer concentrations. Cytocompatibilities of the obtained hydrogels are evaluated through in vitro 3D cell cultures and bioprinting. The double crosslinked A-G-IPN hydrogel is a promising candidate for a wide range of biomedical applications, including bioartificial organ manufacturing, high-throughput drug screening, and pathological mechanism analyses.
Towards sustainable photovoltaics: the search for new materials (2011)

The opportunities for photovoltaic (PV) solar energy conversion are reviewed in the context of projected world energy demands for the twenty-first century. Conventional single-crystal silicon solar cells are facing increasingly strong competition from thin-film solar cells based primarily on polycrystalline absorber materials, such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS). However, if PVs are to make a significant contribution to satisfy global energy requirements, issues of sustainability and cost will need to be addressed with increased urgency. There is a clear need to expand the range of materials and processes that is available for thin-film solar cell manufacture, placing particular emphasis on low-energy processing and sustainable non-toxic raw materials. The potential of new materials is exemplified by copper zinc tin sulphide, which is emerging as a viable alternative to the more toxic CdTe and the more expensive CIGS absorber materials.
Micromechanics Modeling of Composites Subjected to Multiaxial Progressive Damage in the Constituents (2010)

The high-fidelity generalized method of cells composite micromechanics model is extended to include constituent-scale progressive damage via a proposed damage model. The damage model assumes that all material nonlinearity is due to damage in the form of reduced stiffness, and it uses six scalar damage variables (three for tension and three for compression) to track the damage. Damage strains are introduced that account for interaction among the strain components and that also allow the development of the damage evolution equations based on the constituent material uniaxial stress strain response. Local final-failure criteria are also proposed based on mode-specific strain energy release rates and total dissipated strain energy. The coupled micromechanics-damage model described herein is applied to a unidirectional E-glass/epoxy composite and a proprietary polymer matrix composite. Results illustrate the capability of the coupled model to capture the vastly different character of the monolithic (neat) resin matrix and the composite in response to far-field tension, compression, and shear loading.
Altered selectivity in an<i>Arabidopsis</i>metal transporter (2000)

Plants require metals for essential functions ranging from respiration to photosynthesis. These metals also contribute to the nutritional value of plants for both humans and livestock. Additionally, plants have the ability to accumulate nonessential metals such as cadmium and lead, and this ability could be harnessed to remove pollutant metals from the environment. Designing a transporter that specifically accumulates certain cations while excluding others has exciting applications in all of these areas. The Arabidopsis root membrane protein IRT1 is likely to be responsible for uptake of iron from the soil. Like other Fe(II) transporters identified to date, IRT1 transports a variety of other cations, including the essential metals zinc and manganese as well as the toxic metal cadmium. By heterologous expression in yeast, we show here that the replacement of a glutamic acid residue at position 103 in wild-type IRT1 with alanine increases the substrate specificity of the transporter by selectively eliminating its ability to transport zinc. Two other mutations, replacing the aspartic acid residues at either positions 100 or 136 with alanine, also increase IRT1 metal selectivity by eliminating transport of both iron and manganese. A number of other conserved residues in or near transmembrane domains appear to be essential for all transport function. Therefore, this study identifies at least some of the residues important for substrate selection and transport in a protein belonging to the ZIP gene family, a large transporter family found in a wide variety of organisms.
Sympatric speciation and phyletic change in <i>Globorotalia truncatulinoides</i> (1995)

Speciation processes are only rarely studied with fossil materials, even though in principle hypotheses of speciation patterns are most directly testable in the fossil record. We quantitatively document in two widely separated South Pacific DSDP holes the mid-Pliocene speciation of the planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia truncatulinoides. Speciation, with continuous geographic co-occurrence of ancestor and descendant forms, occurred simultaneously at both localities over a period of ~500,000 years. This suggests a sympatric speciation process that involved a large, geographically extensive population. Globorotalia truncatulinoides underwent its most rapid and extensive evolutionary change between ~2.8 and 2.5 Ma. This time interval corresponds to the development of northern hemisphere glaciation, suggesting that climate-controlled paleoceanographic change may have played a significant role in the evolution of G. truncatulinoides.