gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Developments in Drug Dependence Studies. Advanced findings on the molecular mechanisms for behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants. (2001)

Repeated administration of psychostimulants like methamphetamine and cocaine induce behavioral sensitization, which is recognized as an animal model for dependence and psychoses. Many previous studies have proved two major cascades play a crucial roles for molecular mechanisms underling sensitization. The first one is activation of D1 dopamine receptors by robust increase of dopamine release, followed by activation of adenylyl cyclase, increase of cyclic AMP, activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and phosphorylation of proteins by PKA. The second one is activation of NMDA receptor by enhanced release of glutamine, followed by increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, formation of Ca2+/calmodulin complex, and phosphorylation of several proteins such as calcineurin, CaM-K II and nitric oxide synthase. Recent advanced findings on sensitization mechanisms were reviewed from three different aspects: 1) Studies using knockout mice offered quite amazing findings that D1DA-receptor-lacking mice or dopamine-transporter-lacking mice can develop sensitization and dependence, which were not consistent with the previously established hypotheses based on behavioral pharmacology. In addition, those data showed the important roles of vesicular monoamine transporter 2, 5HT1B receptors and delta FosB. 2) Research on neural-plasticity-related sensitization revealed the involvement of several molecules such as tissue plasminogen activator, arc (activity-regulated, cytoskeleton-associated), synaptophysin and stathmin. Increased expression of these genes may participate in the rearrangement of neural networks with synaptogenesis and expansion of dendrites 3) Trials to discover novel-genes-involved sensitization phenomenon using differential display or subtraction cloning found some candidate genes, mrt-1, NAC-1 and CART. Although in these areas are still in progress, accumulating findings will elucidate the details of the molecular mechanism of behavioral sensitization and dependence.
Transport and magnetic properties of Fe doped CaMnO3 (2012)

The structural, transport, and magnetic properties of CaMn1−xFexO3−δ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) have been studied by using resistivity, magnetization, and neutron powder diffraction techniques. The compounds are found to be isostructural and crystallize in GdFeO3-type orthorhombic structure (space group Pnma). With Fe doping, no structural change is observed. Mössbauer and paramagnetic susceptibility measurements show that Fe substitutes in 4+ valence state, and XANES measurements indicate the presence of mixed valence state of Mn. The compounds exhibit insulating behavior in the studied temperature range. The temperature dependence of resistivity is found to be described by small polaron model for x = 0 and variable range hopping model for x = 0.1. For higher x values, it follows a parallel combination resistance model. A small reduction in TN from 120 K to 100 K with increase in x is found. The magnetic structure changes from Gz-type collinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) structure for x = 0.0 to canted AFM structure GZFY-type for Fe doped compounds. The AFM component of the moment progressively decreases with x while FM component exhibits a maximum at x = 0.2.
Educación ilimitada en Cecilio Acosta (2006)

El pensamiento educativo de Cecilio Acosta se caracteriza fundamentalmente por presentar
una propuesta educativa que se inicia en el seno de la sociedad, en, por y para la comunidad.
Pese a las adversidades que caracterizaron su vida, su obra es una interpretacion dialectica de
lo politico y lo filosofico que converge en su quehacer educativo y que mantiene plena
vigencia en el contexto venezolano. Propone una educacion critica y social a la cual llama
�Educacion Ilimitada�, cargada de valores y de revision constante e integral.
Ultra-fast charging station for electric vehicles with integrated split grid storage (2015)

This paper presents the detailed analysis, optimisation and hardware realisation of an ultra-fast charging station with a split grid storage battery which enables to recharge electric vehicles (EVs) in less than 10 minutes. The station consists of a T-type AC-DC grid interface connected to the 400 V low voltage AC grid, a DC-DC dual active bridge (DAB) isolation stage, a stationary storage battery and a high power multi-phase interleaved buck converter for charging operation. The operating principle of the converter systems is briefly explained and the analytical loss models of the components are derived which are used in an optimisation procedure to evaluate the pareto front limits in terms of efficiency and power density for the DAB isolation stage and the high power charger. By introducing a split storage battery, beneficial conditions for the semiconductor devices are achieved so that the losses of the high power charger can be reduced by approximately 35 % with respect to a standard solution without a split as will be shown in the paper.
Short and Long Sleep and Sleeping Pills (1979)

Prospective epidemiologic data of the American Cancer Society disclosed that reported usual sleep durations among groups who complained of insomnia and sleeping pill use "often" overlapped with those of groups who had no complaints. Reports of insomnia were not consistently associated with increased mortality when several factors were controlled; however, men who reported usually sleeping less than four hours were 2.80 times as likely to have died within six years as men who reported 7.0 to 7.9 hours of sleep. The ratio for women was 1.48. Men and women who reported sleeping ten hours or more had about 1.8 times the mortality of those who reported 7.0 to 7.9 hours of sleep. Those who reported using sleeping pills "often" had 1.5 times the mortality of those who "never" used sleeping pills. These results do not prove that mortality could be reduced by altering sleep durations or by reducing hypnotic prescribing. Rather, studies are needed to determine the causes of these mortality risk factors.
Comparison of the Enzyme Immunoassay, Immunodiffusion, and Complement Fixation Tests in Detecting Antibody in Human Serum to the A Antigen of <i>Blastomyces dermatitidis</i> <sup>1–</sup> <sup>3</sup> (1986)

Using a new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and standard immunodiffusion (ID) and complement fixation techniques for antibody to the A antigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis, we tested serum from 27 patients with blastomycosis diagnosed histopathologically or by culture; 20 with diagnoses made during 1981 through 1983 (Group A) and 7 during 1974 through 1976 (Group B). We also studied 30 control subjects with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (17 subjects), histoplasmosis (6 subjects), coccidioidomycosis (1 subject) and no known disease (6 subjects). Detectable antibody by all 3 tests was present more often for Group A than for Group B, possibly because of delay in testing. Enzyme immunoassay was the most sensitive test; a 1:8 or greater titer was present in acute-phase serum of all Group A patients tested, and a 1:64 or greater titer was associated with disseminated disease (p = 0.003). A positive ID was also more common in disseminated (88%) than in localized (33%) disease. Enzyme immunoassay titers of 1:16 were present in 4 control subjects, 3 with histoplasmosis. The 100% predictive values of a negative EIA and positive ID suggest that these tests are useful for serologic screening (EIA) and serologic confirmation (ID) of suspected blastomycosis, particularly in disseminated disease. Enzyme immunoassay titers of 1:32 or greater strongly support the diagnosis and titers of 1:16 or less may indicate localized disease or be nonspecific. None of the serologic tests predicted disease progression or reactivation.
High performance bootstrapped CMOS low to high-swing level-converter for on-chip interconnects (2007)

This paper proposes a high performance and low power bootstrapped CMOS level-converter (lf-converter) for level restoration from the low-swing on the interconnect line to high-swing at the receiver side. The proposed lf-converter reduces the power-delay product by 83% to 90%, in comparison with the previously reported bootstrapped level-converter circuit (lrc-converter), when implemented on 0.13μm CMOS 1.2V technology. The active area for lf-converter is 18.7μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is 3.9% less than the counterpart lrc-converter circuit.
Enteral feeding in sepsis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. (1985)

In an attempt to meet better the needs of patients with hypermetabolic stress, amino acid formulas have been modified (MAA). As part of a total parenteral nutrition regimen, MAA have been associated with improvement in parameters of nutrition and survival. The safety and efficacy of these formulas in balanced enteral nutrition was assessed in malnourished patients with moderate to high levels of stress undergoing surgery. The nutritional targets were 5 gm/kg/day glucose, 0.8 gm/kg/day fat, and 0.27 gm/kg/day amino acid nitrogen. In an initial nine studies, the MAA nutrition was safe even in the presence of ileus. A double-blind, randomized, prospective trial was then undertaken in 18 patients in an isocaloric, isonitrogenous design with the nitrogen source as MAA (44% branched-chain amino acids) or standard amino acids (28% branched-chain amino acids). The patients receiving MAA had enhanced nitrogen retention, visceral protein mass, and indices of survival.
An optimized multi-tone calibration signal for quadrature receiver communication systems (2002)

Communication systems are subject to stringent image rejection requirements. Thus, accurate and regular field calibration is important. Regression techniques are effective in the calibration of quadrature receiver systems. These techniques require the transmission or injection of a calibration signal to estimate potentially frequency-dependent errors. Existing regression-based methods use nonlinear models with signals that calibrate only one frequency at a time. This paper recasts the problem in terms of linear regression and develops an optimized multi-tone calibration signal for quadrature receiver communication systems. Linear regression ensures closed-form solutions that can be computed in real-time by using adaptive filtering techniques. Simulations demonstrate the advantages of the multi-tone signal: simultaneous multi-frequency calibration and minimal interference with information bearing communication channels. At the same time, the benefits of regression-based calibration are also realized: modest model assumptions, effective performance assessment, and accommodation of non-uniformly sampled or missing calibration data.
Modeling of micro-scale touch sensations for use with haptically augmented reality (2010)

Possessing dexterity and sensory perceptions, the human hand is a versatile tool that can grasp, hold, and manipulate objects using various postures and forces interacting with the environment. Many industrial tasks are replacing human hands with anthropomorphic robotic hands. In skillful tasks such as micro surgical operations, a master-slave interface system of robotic hands is required to emulate a human hand's dexterity by using glove controllers with force sensors for telemanipulation. Although these interface techniques are widely applied for large scale robots, little has been accomplished for micro-scale robots due to the constraints and complexity imposed by miniaturization. To provide sensible haptic control and feedback from robots at the micro-level, this work investigates the intricacies associated with the use of micro-scale robotic actuators with the intention of using them with haptic feedback systems. This work also develops a system model to test the ability of computing elements that emulate a microrobotic hand's tactile perception of stiffness. An interface glove was used to collect control data from the user, which was used alongside a Matlab model to simulate the operation and control of two different microhand designs. In order to control the microhand device accurately, feedback from simulated sensors was used to affect the airflow of the pneumatic system driving the displacement of the microhand. Four major components were developed for the overall system. The glove interface gives the operator a method to interact with the system. The microhand modeling took place in two components. The first component was the model of the microhand itself. The other component needed was a pneumatic subsystem to drive the microhand operation. The final major component developed was a graphical user interface to give the operator feedback as to what is happening in the target environment. The integration of all of these components allows for experimentation of the intricacies of operating with these microhand devices. The investigation of this micro-haptic system shows that some parameters make the system perform faster and more accurately than others. Metrics such as percent error and settling time of the displacement of one micro-finger are shown to measure success of each method. Future improvements for this system could include the integration of pneumatically controlled balloon micro-actuators with the operator's glove interface or implementing more accurate contact mechanics into the model.
<i>WOX4</i> and <i>WOX14</i> act downstream of the PXY receptor kinase to regulate plant vascular proliferation independently of any role in vascular organisation (2013)

In plants, the cambium and procambium are meristems from which vascular tissue is derived. In contrast to most plant cells, stem cells within these tissues are thin and extremely long. They are particularly unusual as they divide down their long axis in a highly ordered manner, parallel to the tangential axis of the stem. CLAVATA3-LIKE/ESR-RELATED 41 (CLE41) and PHLOEM INTERCALATED WITH XYLEM (PXY) are a multifunctional ligand-receptor pair that regulate vascular cell division, vascular organisation and xylem differentiation in vascular tissue. A transcription factor gene, WUSCHEL HOMEOBOX RELATED 4 (WOX4) has been shown to act downstream of PXY. Here we show that WOX4 acts redundantly with WOX14 in the regulation of vascular cell division, but that these genes have no function in regulating vascular organisation. Furthermore, we identify an interaction between PXY and the receptor kinase ERECTA (ER) that affects the organisation of the vascular tissue but not the rate of cell division, suggesting that cell division and vascular organisation are genetically separable. Our observations also support a model whereby tissue organisation and cell division are integrated via PXY and ER signalling, which together coordinate development of different cell types that are essential for normal stem formation.
Limited feedback in massive MIMO systems: Exploiting channel correlations via noncoherent trellis-coded quantization (2013)

Accurate channel state information at the transmitter can significantly enhance the performance of multiple antenna systems, but efficient channel quantization techniques must be developed in order to scale such informed transmitter strategies to frequency division duplexed (FDD) massive MIMO systems. Recent results show that noncoherent trellis-coded quantization (NTCQ) is an effective approach for limited feedback transmit beamforming with a large number of transmit antennas. In this paper, we investigate extensions of NTCQ that exploit channel correlations in time and space to significantly reduce the required feedback rate. Our numerical results show that near-optimal beamforming with moderate feedback overhead can be obtained in massive MIMO systems.
GESTRA — A phased-array based surveillance and tracking radar for space situational awareness (2016)

Space debris is an ongoing and growing problem for space-based infrastructure. The rising population of man-made debris particles has the potential to destroy operational satellites and spacecrafts. In order to avoid the risk of collisions it is of cardinal importance to locate, track and identify artificial objects orbiting the earth. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technologies related to surveillance radars. On behalf of the Federal Government the German Space Administration (DLR) commissioned the Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques (FHR) in 2015 to develop and design a new phased-array radar to monitor the low-earth orbit. This so-called German Experimental Surveillance and Tracking Radar (GESTRA) will support the German Space Situational Awareness Center to generate a catalogue of orbital data for objects at altitudes of less than 3000 km. Incorporating state of the art technology, the concept of the new GESTRA radar system will provide high quality data sets.
A compiled-code hardware accelerator for circuit simulation (1992)

Describes the application of compiled-code techniques to the design of a hardware accelerator for circuit simulation, offering a speedup by a factor of up to 4400 compared with a software circuit simulator running on a Sun-3/60 workstation. The preprocessing algorithms are designed for high speed, so overall simulation time is improved by a factor of up to 560. Compiled-code hardware accelerators offer several advantages. The hardware is simpler than fully hard-wired accelerators. The simplicity of the hardware makes it possible to track advancing implementation technology and to maintain the performance advantage as technology improves. The simulation algorithm is implemented in software, making it possible to implement and maintain multiple algorithms without hardware modifications. The hardware can be used efficiently, since compiled-code techniques can eliminate or statically perform operations that would be repeatedly performed in other hard-wired implementations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Site Selective Copper and Silver Electroless Metallization Facilitated by a Photolithographically Patterned Hydrogen Silsesquioxane Mediated Seed Layer (2002)

Patterned hydrogen silsesquioxane films have been used as templates for directed metallization of nonconductive discontinuous surfaces. Exposure of the surface to palladium(II) or silver(I) salt solutions results in silyl hydride site selective palladium or silver metal deposition on the HSQ exposed regions. This site-specific metal seed layer has been successfully used as a catalyst for the deposition of copper and silver films by electroless metallization processes.
Improving Speculative Language Detection using Linguistic Knowledge (2012)

In this paper we present an iterative methodology to improve classifier performance by incorporating linguistic knowledge, and propose a way to incorporate domain rules into the learning process. We applied the methodology to the tasks of hedge cue recognition and scope detection and obtained competitive results on a publicly available corpus.
Hierarchical error detection in a software implemented fault tolerance (SIFT) environment (2000)

Proposes a hierarchical error detection framework for a software-implemented fault tolerance (SIFT) layer of a distributed system. A four-level error detection hierarchy is proposed in the context of Chameleon, a software environment for providing adaptive fault tolerance in an environment of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) system components and software. The design and implementation of a software-based distributed signature monitoring scheme, which is central to the proposed four-level hierarchy, is described. Both intra-level and inter-level optimizations that minimize the overhead of detection and are capable of adapting to runtime requirements are proposed. The paper presents results from a prototype implementation of two levels of the error detection hierarchy and results of a detailed simulation of the overall environment. The results indicate a substantial increase in availability due to the detection framework and help in understanding the tradeoffs between overhead and coverage for different combinations of techniques.
Performance and Applications of Ionic Electrospray Micro-Propulsion Prototypes (2015)

Electric propulsion systems using electrospray ion sources are a scalable and high specific impulse technology which could enable small spacecraft to perform high ΔV missions. This paper presents an overview of a recently developed source design which achieves 10’s of μN of thrust at less than 1 W of input power with a specific impulse up to ∼3000 s. Demonstration devices, fabricated conventionally without microfabrication methods yet with an active area of ∼1 cm2, emit positive and negative ion beams from an ionic liquid passively supplied from a coupled porous reservoir. Directly measured thrusts (up to ∼28 μN) from two simultaneously operating thruster modules are shown to be consistent with summing the calculated total force from each module. The two particle beams are configured to be at opposite polarity, in progression towards a charge neutralized system without a dedicated neutralizer. Influences of reservoir pore size and filling state are discussed in the context of performance and lifetime. Specifically, recent results have demonstrated that increasing the reservoir pore size can induce significant droplet or heavy particle populations within an otherwise ionic beam. Large reductions in specific impulse and propulsive efficiency due to these transitions are discussed here. For example, the calculated specific impulse of a negative EMI-BF4 beam could be reduced from ∼2800 s to ∼700 s by changing the reservoir pore size alone. Meanwhile, capillary actions within the reservoir aid in containing liquid via a negative Laplace pressure, thereby preventing life- ending liquid to extractor grid bridges/shorts. Finally, the technology status is reviewed through highlighting critical developments required to arrive at a functional, and applicable, propulsion system.
In vitro studies of multiwalled carbon nanotube/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene nanocomposites with osteoblast-like MG63 cells (2010)

Carbon nanotubes are highly versatile materials; new applications using them are continuously being developed. Special attention is being dedicated to the possible use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in biomaterials contacting with bone. However, carbon nanotubes are also controversial in regards to effects exerted on living organisms. Carbon nanotubes can be used to improve the tribological properties of polymer/composite materials. Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a polymer widely used in orthopedic applications that imply wear and particle generation. We describe here the response of human osteoblast-like MG63 cells after 6 days of culture in contact with artificially generated particles from both UHMWPE polymer and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/UHMWPE nanocomposites. This novel composite has superior wear behavior, having thus the potential to reduce the number of revision hip arthroplasty surgeries required by wear failure of acetabular cups and diminish particle-induced osteolysis. The results of an in vitro study of viability and proliferation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production suggest good cytocompatibility, similar to that of conventional UHMWPE (WST-1 assay results are reported as percentage of control +/- SD: UHMWPE = 96.19 +/- 7.92, MWCNT/UHMWPE = 97.92 +/- 8.29%; total protein: control = 139.73 +/- 10.78, UHMWPE = 137.07 +/- 6.17, MWCNT/UHMWPE = 163.29 +/- 11.81 microg/mL; IL-6: control = 90.93 +/- 10.30, UHMWPE = 92.52 +/- 11.02, MWCNT/UHMWPE = 108.99 +/- 9.90 pg/mL). Standard cell culture conditions were considered as control. These results, especially the absence of significant elevation in the osteolysis inductor IL-6 values, reinforce the potential of this superior wear-resistant composite for future orthopedic applications, when compared to traditional UHMWPE.