gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive performance re-assessment of TFETs with a novel design by gate and source engineering from device/circuit perspective (2014)

In this paper, a novel TFET design, called Pocket-mSTFET (PMS-TFET), is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by evaluating the performance from device metrics to circuit implementation for low-power SoC applications. For the first time, from circuit design perspective, TFETs performance in terms of I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> , I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> , subthreshold slope (SS), output behavior, capacitance, delay, noise and gain are experimentally benchmarked and also compared with MOSFET. By gate and source engineering without area penalty, the compatibly-fabricated PMS-TFET on SOI substrate shows superior performance with the minimum SS of 29mV/dec at 300K, high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> (~20μA/μm) and large I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio (~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> ) at 0.6V. Largely alleviated super-linear onset issue, reduced Miller capacitance and delay, and much lower noise level were also experimentally obtained, as well as high effective gain. Circuit-level implementation based on PMS-TFET also shows significant improvement on energy efficiency and power reduction at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> of 0.4V, which indicates great potential of this TFET design for low-power digital and analog applications.
TNF‐α and IL‐4 regulate expression of fractalkine (CX<sub>3</sub>CL1) as a membrane‐anchored proadhesive protein and soluble chemotactic peptide on human fibroblasts (2004)

The CX(3)C chemokine, fractalkine (FKN, CX(3)CL1), has multiple functions and exists as two distinct forms, a membrane-anchored protein and a soluble chemotactic peptide that cleaves from the cell surface FKN. In this study, we first demonstrated the expression of FKN in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha- and interleukin (IL)-4-stimulated human fibroblasts. The induction of FKN was observed for both forms. We also demonstrated monocyte chemotactic activity in the culture supernatant from the fibroblasts stimulated with these cytokines. These results suggest that TNF-alpha- and IL-4-stimulated fibroblasts may play an important role in accumulation of monocytes at inflammatory sites.
Transferrin Binding by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Human Lymphomas, Myelomas and Leukemias (1984)

Significantly more peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from 39 patients with lymphoma (p less than 0.001), myeloma (p less than 0.001), or leukemia (p less than 0.001-0.025) bind transferrin (Trf) than those of 23 normals. That Trf was bound to a receptor on these cells was shown by the inhibition of these cells bound to 125I-Trf with unlabeled Trf. The paucity of Trf receptors on PBM from normals and their presence on diseased cells prompt a suggestion that Trf receptors may offer a useful approach to the diagnosis and possible treatment of some blood dyscrasias.
Abelson Tyrosine Kinase Facilitates <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium Entry into Epithelial Cells (2008)

The intracellular gram-negative bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium gains entry into nonphagocytic cells by manipulating the assembly of the host actin cytoskeleton. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium entry requires a functional type III secretion system, a conduit through which bacterial effector proteins are directly translocated into the host cytosol. We and others have previously reported the enhancement of tyrosine kinase activities during Salmonella serovar Typhimurium infection; however, neither specific kinases nor their targets have been well characterized. In this study, we investigated the roles of the cellular Abelson tyrosine kinase (c-Abl) and the related protein Arg in the context of serovar Typhimurium infection. We found that bacterial internalization was inhibited by more than 70% in cells lacking both c-Abl and Arg and that treatment of wild-type cells with a pharmaceutical inhibitor of the c-Abl kinase, STI571 (imatinib), reduced serovar Typhimurium invasion efficiency to a similar extent. Bacterial infection led to enhanced phosphorylation of two previously identified c-Abl substrates, the adaptor protein CT10 regulator of kinase (CrkII) and the Abelson-interacting protein Abi1, a component of the WAVE2 complex. Furthermore, overexpression of the nonphosphorylatable form of CrkII resulted in decreased invasion. Taken together, these findings indicate that c-Abl is activated during S. enterica serovar Typhimurium infection and that its phosphorylation of multiple downstream targets is functionally important in bacterial internalization.
Relationship between awareness and use of nutrition labels and obesity (2018)

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the association between awareness and use of nutrition labels and obesity among Koreans. Materials and Methods: A total of 16,911 participants aged ≥ 19 y (7,308 men and 9,603 women) were recruited. Data were extracted from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2016). Logistic regression was used to identify the association between awareness and use of nutrition label and obesity prevalence. Results: Awareness of nutrition labels was significantly associated with obesity prevalence when adjusted for gender, age, monthly family income, and marital status (Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.18, 1.07-1.30, P<0.05; 1.13, 1.00-1.27, P<0.05; 1.15, 1.05-1.26, P<0.001; and 1.17, 1.06-1.30, P<0.05, respectively). Use of nutrition labels was significantly associated with obesity prevalence when adjusted for age, educational level, monthly family income, and marital status (OR and 95% CI: 1.16, 1.05-1.28, P<0.05; 1.19, 1.07-1.31, P<0.05; 1.14, 1.02-1.27, P<0.05; and 1.19, 1.08-1.32, P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Awareness and use of nutrition labels were significantly associated with obesity prevalence. These findings imply that education, dissemination, and publicity on understandable and useable nutrition labels are needed for food consumers, particularly to control obesity.
Power Analysis of Mobile 3D Graphics (2006)

The world of 3D graphics, until recently restricted to high-end workstations and game consoles, is rapidly expanding into the domain of mobile platforms such as cellular phones and PDAs. Even as the mobile chip market is poised to exceed production of 500 million chips per year, incorporation of 3D graphics in handhelds poses several serious challenges to the hardware designer. Compared with other platforms, graphics on handhelds have to contend with limited energy supplies and lower computing horsepower. Nevertheless, images must still be rendered at high quality since handheld screens are typically held closer to the observer's eye, making imperfections and approximations very noticeable. In this paper, we provide an in-depth quantitative analysis of the power consumption of mobile 3D graphics pipelines. We analyze the effects of various 3D graphics factors such as resolution, frame rate, level of detail, lighting and texture maps on power consumption. We demonstrate that significant imbalance exists across the workloads of different graphics pipeline stages. In addition, we illustrate how this imbalance may vary dynamically, depending on the characteristics of the graphics application. Based on this observation, we identify and compare the benefits of candidate dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) schemes for mobile 3D graphics pipelines. In our experiments we observe that DVFS for mobile 3D graphics reduces energy by as much as 50%
An analysis of wireless security (2006)

There is a clear, demonstrable tendency for consumers to migrate to wireless technology. The reasons why are equally clear: There are enormous benefits to using wireless technology. It is evident anything from cell phones to the local coffee shop broadband access point. The private sector growth of wireless technology data can no longer be assumed safe. It's obvious that unscrupulous people can and will attempt to compromise data if it is left in the wild. Companies are putting more and more money into security and the plain fact is, wireless security just doesn't exist. In this research, Corpus Christi, while not a complete and comprehensive test, neighborhoods both poor and wealthy were scanned as were residential and business. The surprising results are presented the paper.
A cause of self-similarity in TCP traffic (2005)

We analyse the statistical properties of aggregated traffic flows generated by TCP, in order to clarify a possible cause of self-similarity in Internet traffic. Using ns-2 simulation, we first show that aggregated traffic flows by TCP can be characterized by phase transition phenomena between non-congested and congested phases in statistical physics. Interestingly, although the traffic exhibits self-similarity with the Hurst parameter H ≈ 1.0 at the critical point between them, it is close to Poissonian away from the critical point. This result is consistent with results from real WAN traffic measurement. The main contribution of our work is to show that TCP itself contains a mechanism for generating self-similarity, without assuming self-similarity or long-range dependency (LRD) in the application layer (e.g. packet inter-arrival, connection arrival, and file size distribution). Moreover, we find that the value of the Hurst parameter at the critical point is determined by the simple feedback control called stop-and-wait flow control. Namely, it appears even without any packet retransmission events and is independent of the explicit rate increment algorithm such as slow-start and congestion avoidance. Additionally, we demonstrate that the value of the Hurst parameter at the critical point depends on the constant bit rate algorithm and topology of network. Finally, we indicate that the time series of the round trip time follow the same statistics at the critical state. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delayed Chaining: A Practical P2P Solution for Video-on-Demand (2012)

Most home computers have upload bandwidths that do not allow them to stream good quality video. As a result, they cannot fully participate in peer-to-peer video streaming solutions. We propose to address that issue by letting these clients use the storage space they have on one or more remote servers. Each time a client plays a streaming video, it will upload a copy of that video to one of these servers. Once uploaded, that copy can then service another client wanting to play the same video. Our simulations indicate that our delayed chaining scheme can dramatically reduce video server workloads at all stable request arrival rates. Daily usage spikes can be easily accommodated as long as cloud copies remain at least 24 hours online. Strategies for handling the launching of a new video include introducing a price differential, using predictive prefetching and requiring advance purchases.
The anhydride content of some commercial PP‐g‐MA: FTIR and titration (1996)

A set of anhydride-grafted polypropylenes was collected from various companies. They were studied in light of our recent results on polypropylene melt grafted with maleic an-hydride.1 This work confirmed that an important decrease of the anhydride content is recorded on heating or washing, due to the elimination of free, ungrafted products, re-spectively, by sublimation of maleic anhydride and by polymaleic anhydride solubilization. The deconvolution of the infrared spectra of washed anhydride-grafted polypropylenes (PP-g-MA) revealed two types of grafted anhydride: succinic anhydride form and polymaleic anhydride form. All in all, four forms of anhydride functions were detected: two grafted and two free, each being either on monomeric or polymeric forms. Nevertheless, one PP-g-MA (Hercoprime) can be distinguished by its very high grafting level. This polymer is therefore discussed in more detail. Finally, all the present results are discussed with regard to the principal applications of the PP-g-MA as a blend compatiblizer or as an adhesion promoter. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantum Gravity (2nd edn) (2008)

There has been a flurry of books on quantum gravity in the past few years. The first edition of Kiefer's book appeared in 2004, about the same time as Carlo Rovelli's book with the same title. This was soon followed by Thomas Thiemann's 'Modern Canonical Quantum General Relativity'. Although the main focus of each of these books is non-perturbative and non-string approaches to the quantization of general relativity, they are quite orthogonal in temperament, style, subject matter and mathematical detail. Rovelli and Thiemann focus primarily on loop quantum gravity (LQG), whereas Kiefer attempts a broader introduction and review of the subject that includes chapters on string theory and decoherence.
An analysis of the scanning beam PIV illumination system (1991)

The scanning beam illumination method provides a highly efficient method of illuminating flow fields for recording PIV (particle image velocimetry) images so that the instantaneous velocity profile of the whole flow field can be determined. The authors analyse the scanning beam technique and discuss its advantages over the more conventional pulsed illumination methods. The versatility of the scanning beam system is demonstrated with examples of its application to the study of both breaking water waves and pneumatic particle transport.
Towards Fine-Grained Access Control in JavaScript Contexts (2011)

A typical Web 2.0 application usually includes JavaScript from various sources with different trust. It is critical to properly regulate JavaScript's access to web application resources. Unfortunately, existing protection mechanisms in web browsers do not provide enough granularity in JavaScript access control. Specifically, existing solutions partially mitigate this sort of threat by only providing access control for certain types of JavaScript objects, or by unnecessarily restricting the functionality of untrusted JavaScript. In this paper, we systematically analyze the complete access control requirements in a web browser's JavaScript environment and identify the fundamental lack of fine-grained JavaScript access control mechanisms in modern web browsers. As our solution, we propose a reference monitor called JCShadow that enables fine-grained access control in JavaScript contexts without unnecessarily restricting the functionality of JavaScript. We have developed a proof-of-concept prototype in the Mozilla Firefox browser and the evaluation with real-world attacks indicates that JCShadow effectively prevents such attacks with low performance overhead.
Gene Expression Profiles Identify Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling as Characteristics of a High-risk Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2006)

Gene expression signatures generated from DNA microarray analyses have shown promise as predictive biomarkers of clinical outcome. In this study, we determined a high-risk signature for disease recurrence using formalin-fixed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors and compared the results with an independent data set obtained from fresh frozen tumors. We also showed that genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling deregulation are the most prominent molecular characteristics of the high-risk tumors. Gene expression was determined in 40 samples, including 34 formalin-fixed tissues and 6 matched frozen tissues, from 29 HNSCC patients. A 75-gene list predictive of disease recurrence was determined by training on the formalin-fixed tumor data set and tested on data from the independent frozen tumor set from 60 HNSCC patients. The difference in recurrence-free survival (RFS) between the high-risk versus low-risk groups in the training and test sets was statistically significant (P = 0.002 and 0.03, respectively, log-rank test). In addition, the gene expression data was interrogated using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to determine biological significance. The most significant sets of genes enriched in the high-risk tumors were genes involving EMT, NF-kappaB activation, and cell adhesion. In conclusion, global gene expression analysis is feasible using formalin-fixed tissue. The 75-gene list can be used as a prognostic biomarker of recurrence, and our data suggest that the molecular determinants of EMT and NF-kappaB activation can be targeted as the novel therapy in the identified high-risk patients.
Hybrid aligned cholesteric: A novel liquid-crystal alignment (1987)

A hybrid aligned cholesteric (HAC) liquid-crystal (LC) structure is reported. The LC director tilt varies from a small angle at one surface to almost 90° at the other, while incorporating a helical twist. Cells having one surface treated with rubbed polyvinyl alcohol and the other with the organosilane octadecyltriethoxysilane, adopt the HAC structure when filled with a long pitch chiral mixture. The presence of the HAC structure was confirmed by studies of the variation of the optical rotation, first with thickness in a wedge cell and second with temperature for a compensated cholesteric mixture. Use of the HAC structure in a wedge cell is characterized by an absence of the pitch breaks seen with conventional alignments.
Design of trellis waveform coders with near-optimum structure (1992)

In this Letter the combinatorial optimisation algorithm known as simulated annealing is used for the optimisation of the trellis structure of the next-state map of the decoder finite-state machine in trellis waveform coding. The generalised Lloyd algorithm which finds the optimum codebook is incorporated into simulated annealing so that near-optimum coading systems are designed. Comparison of simulation results with previous work in the literature shows that this method yields better coding systems than those published in the literature.
Induced crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) on small metallic nucleating particles (1978)

Abstract The induction period for the onset of crystallization was determined in poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the presence and absence of small metallic particles. Two kinds of substrates were used: single microcrystals “transplanted” from the water‐soluble inorganic polymer (NaPO 3 ) x and powders of the same metals (Au, Pt, and Ir). The nucleating activity ϕ of the substrates was determined on the basis of classical nucleation theory. Values of ϕ obtained for PET are compared with the corresponding values in the (NaPO 3 ) x melt and with theoretical concepts.
Real-Time, Cloud-Based Object Detection for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2017)

Real-time object detection is crucial for many applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) such as reconnaissance and surveillance, search-and-rescue, and infrastructure inspection. In the last few years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have emerged as a powerful class of models for recognizing image content, and are widely considered in the computer vision community to be the de facto standard approach for most problems. However, object detection based on CNNs is extremely computationally demanding, typically requiring high-end Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) that require too much power and weight, especially for a lightweight and low-cost drone. In this paper, we propose moving the computation to an off-board computing cloud, while keeping low-level object detection and short-term navigation onboard. We apply Faster Regions with CNNs (R-CNNs), a state-of-the-art algorithm, to detect not one or two but hundreds of object types in near real-time.
Development of Solid Particle Thermal Energy Storage for Concentrating Solar Power Plants that Use Fluidized Bed Technology (2014)

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is developing a thermal energy storage (TES) system that uses solid particles as the storage medium for a concentrating solar power plant. This paper focuses on the particle-TES performance in terms of three efficiency metrics: first-law efficiency, second-law efficiency, and storage effectiveness. The paper presents the derivation of the efficiency expression and their application in assessing the particle-TES performance and design. The particle-TES system uses low-cost stable materials that withstand high temperature at a fraction of the cost of the salt and metal containment vessels for high-temperature TES. Cost analysis indicates that particle TES costs less than $10/kWhth, which is less than half the cost of the current molten-salt-based TES and just a fraction of liquid heat transfer fluid storage at a similar high temperature of >700 °C, due to its low cost of storage medium and containment. The fluidized-bed TES can hold hot particles of > 800 °C with >95% exergetic efficiency, storage effectiveness, and thermal efficiency.
Soft tissue studies with 805 nm diode laser radiation: Thermal effects with contact tips and comparison with effects of 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser radiation (1993)

This study compares the perioperative depths of thermal coagulation, charring, and incision in rabbit liver, internal anterior abdominal wall skeletal muscle, and abdominal skin and in swine liver and abdominal skin obtained with 805 nm diode laser and 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser radiation using 300-microns-diameter conical-tip and 1,200-microns-diameter spherical-tip contact fibers by hand. Additionally, the total depth of tissue necrosis surrounding incisions made with both lasers and contact tips is determined 48 hours postoperatively in the three tissues, and healing of the liver and abdominal wall muscle 21 and 35 days postoperatively is assessed histologically. Perioperatively determined charring, coagulation, and incision depth obtained in all tissues with either 805 nm or 1,064 nm laser radiation were sensibly equivalent at equal laser power values for each of the two contact tip shapes tested. At equal laser power values, coagulation depths obtained in rabbit abdominal skin using the 300-microns-diameter conical tip differed significantly (P < or = 0.01) from those values obtained with the 1,200-microns-diameter spherical tip. Incision depths obtained with the two different contact tip shapes at equal laser power settings in the different tissues studied differed in a few instances with no apparent pattern relating to tissue type or laser power. Depth of incisions obtained with both laser and tip types increases in the range of 6-12 w, but plateaus in the range 12-18 w in the tissues studied. Incisions obtained with both diode and Nd:YAG laser contact were essentially hemostatic, with self-limiting oozing at most.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)