gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The ulcerostatic effect of the exopolysaccharide from Bacillus mucilaginosus and its possible mechanisms]. (1993)

The stimulatory action of Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide on proliferative processes in experimental gastric ulcer healing. With the drug, the levels of collagen, noncollagen proteins, glycosaminoglycans, DNA, and RNA in the ulcer tissue.
A multi-slotted antenna for LTE/5G Sub-6 GHz wireless communication applications (2020)

Abstract This paper presents a low-profile multi-slotted patch antenna for long term evolution (LTE) and fifth-generation (5G) communication applications. The studied antenna comprised of a stepped patch and a ground plane. To attain the required operating band, three slots have been inserted within the patch. The insertion of the slots enhances the capacitive effect and helps the prototype antenna to achieve an operating band ranging from 3.15 to 5.55 GHz ( S 11 ≤−10 dB), covering the N77/N78/N79 for sub-6 GHz 5G wireless communications and LTE bands of 22/42/43/46. The wideband antenna presented in this paper offers omnidirectional stable radiation patterns, good gains, and efficiency with a compact size which make this design an ideal contender for wireless fidelity (WiFi), wireless local area network (WLAN), LTE, and sub-6 GHz 5G communication applications.
Efficacy and Safety of CE-224,535, an Antagonist of P2X<sub>7</sub>Receptor, in Treatment of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Inadequately Controlled by Methotrexate (2012)

CE-224,535 was not efficacious, compared with placebo, for the treatment of RA in patients with an inadequate response to MTX. CE-224,535 demonstrated an acceptable safety and tolerability profile.
A Design of Trusted Operating System Based on Linux (2010)

Computer technology has developed rapidly, the same time it brings more opportunities for information theft, tamper and destruction. Information security has become a research focus. The security of operating system, as the base of information system, is particularly important. With the developing of 40 years, the security operating system has made certain achievements. However, it still exist some problems. Trusted operating system which is based on trusted computing can help solve the problems. A design process of trusted operating system based on linux was proposed, and also its architecture was given. A double-key authentication was given as an application example of the trusted operating system.
Combinatorial Synthesis Study of Passivation Layers for Solar Cell Applications (2012)

We investigated the new materials applicable for the field effect passivation layer in crystalline Si solar cells, ZrO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-Y2O3 binary systems, by using combinatorial synthesis method. As-deposited samples indicated hysteresis curves and flat band-voltage (VFB) shifts at capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. After oxygen gas annealing (OGA) at 700 oC for 5min, an improvement of the hysteresis and a positive shift of VFB were observed. OGA process influenced defects density related to decreasing oxygen vacancy. OGA processed ZrO2 incorporated with 20 % Al2O3 and 15 % Y2O3 structures showed the maximized negative fixed charge of -5.8 × 1012 cm-2 and -7.8 × 1012 cm-2 in each system, respectively, suggesting that the ZrO2 based alloy systems were revealed to be the promising material for the passivation in the solar cell application.
Thermodynamics of Protein–Ligand Interactions: History, Presence, and Future Aspects (2004)

The understanding of molecular recognition processes of small ligands and biological macromolecules requires a complete characterization of the binding energetics and correlation of thermodynamic data with interacting structures involved. A quantitative description of the forces that govern molecular associations requires determination of changes of all thermodynamic parameters, including free energy of binding (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) of binding and the heat capacity change (ΔCp). A close insight into the binding process is of significant and practical interest, since it provides the fundamental know-how for development of structure-based molecular design strategies. The only direct method to measure the heat change during complex formation at constant temperature is provided by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). With this method one binding partner is titrated into a solution containing the interaction partner, thereby generating or absorbing heat. This heat is the direct observable that can be quantified by the calorimeter. The use of ITC has been limited due to the lack of sensitivity, but recent developments in instrument design permit to measure heat effects generated by nanomol (typically 10–100) amounts of reactants. ITC has emerged as the primary tool for characterizing interactions in terms of thermodynamic parameters. Because heat changes occur in almost all chemical and biochemical processes, ITC can be used for numerous applications, e.g., binding studies of antibody–antigen, protein–peptide, protein–protein, enzyme–inhibitor or enzyme–substrate, carbohydrate–protein, DNA–protein (and many more) interactions as well as enzyme kinetics. Under appropriate conditions data analysis from a single experiment yields ΔH, KB, the stoichiometry (n), ΔG and ΔS of binding. Moreover, ITC experiments performed at different temperatures yield the heat capacity change (ΔCp). The informational content of thermodynamic data is large, and it has been shown that it plays an important role in the elucidation of binding mechanisms and, through the link to structural data, also in rational drug design. In this review we will present a comprehensive overview to ITC by giving some historical background to calorimetry, outline some critical experimental and data analysis aspects, discuss the latest developments, and give three recent examples of studies published with respect to macromolecule–ligand interactions that have utilized ITC technology.
Immunophenotypically varied cell subpopulations in primary and metastatic human melanomas. Monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis, detection of neoplastic progression and receptor directed immunotherapy. (1996)

During a systematic, immunocytochemical screening of 40 human cutaneous melanomas (30 primary and 10 metastatic) for immunophenotype (IP) heterogeneity, we employed a library of 20 well characterized, commercially available mono- and polyclonal antibodies. The use of the sensitive, indirect, four to six step immunoperoxidase or alkaline phosphatase conjugated streptavidin-biotin antigen detection technique provided excellent results. The immunocytochemically most characteristic IP for primary cutaneous melanoma, as detected by us was: HMB45+, S-100+, CEA+, vimentin+, cytokeratin 19+, p53+, Rbgene+, nm23+, HLA-DR+, HL.A-DP+, c-erbB3/HER-3+/-, cytokeratin 10/13+/-, HLA-DQ-, cytokeratin 5/8-, EMA-, c-myc-, and actin-. During melanoma progression, a tendency toward poor differentiation (dedifferentiation) and an increase in c-myc expression have both been observed, the latter downregulating HLA-A,B,C expression and consequently diminishing the possibility of melanoma cell Iysis by powerful CD8+, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) or other cytotoxic cells which requires HLA class I antigens. The development of the metastatic potential in melanomas caused an increase in CEA expression, eliminated the presence of nm23, and prompted the appearance of actin among the intermediate filaments, composing the cytoskeleton of these malignant tumor cells. The most characteristic IP for MMs, identified by this study was HMB45+, S-100+, CEA+, EMA+, vimentin+, HLA-DR+, HLA-DP+, cytokeratin 19+, actin-, c-erbB3/HER-3+, p53+, cytokeratin 10/13+/-, c-myc+/-, c-erbB2/HER-2+/-, HLA-DQ-, cytokeratin 5/8-, Rb gene-, nm23-. It has been observed that adhesion molecules and integrins play a significant role in the complex process of melanoma metastasis and thus we propose a blocking of these de novo expressed molecules with the appropriate antibodies as a form of immunotherapy of PMs and early stages of MMs.
In vitro cardiac effects and antiarrhythmic properties of guanfacine. (1989)

Guanfacine (Estulic, Tenex), a centrally acting antihypertensive, was investigated for its effects on the heart using isolated cardiac preparations and in patients for antiarrhythmic properties. The tachycardic effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation in spontaneously beating atria were concentration-dependently suppressed by guanfacine. A 50% inhibition was observed in atria from Syrian hamsters, guinea-pigs and rabbits with 1, 5.4 and 20 nmol/l, respectively. In guinea-pig atria the concentration-response curve of guanfacine was shifted to the right in a parallel manner by rauwolscine (pA2 8.58) but was not displaced by prazosine 1 mumol/l. In rabbit right papillary muscles guanfacine 1 to 10 mumol/l increased force of contraction by 13 to 91%. The positive inotropic effect was antagonized by prazosine 1 mumol/l but was not influenced by cimetidine 1 mumol/l or rauwolscine 1 mumol/l. It is concluded that guanfacine activates cardiac postsynaptic a1- and neuronal presynaptic a2-adrenoceptors with a preference to the latter of about 2 orders of magnitude. Direct membrane stabilizing effects in guinea-pig atria were negligible. In 4 patients with coronary heart disease associated with arrhythmia guanfacine 1 mg per day during 10 days decreased ventricular premature contractions, couplets and abolished appearance of ventricular tachycardias. These preliminary clinical results indicate that guanfacine may reduce cardiac risk factors.
The Radiolysis of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (1978)

The yields in molecules per 100 eV for active-site and sulphydryl loss from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase have been determined in nitrous-oxide-saturated, aerated and argon-saturated solutions. Molecular hydrogen peroxide produces a sulphenic acid product, which can be repaired by post-irradiation treatment with dithiothreitol. Comparison of the yields under various conditions showed that in aerated solutions both .OH and .O2-radicals inactivated the enzyme with an efficiency of about 26 per cent. However, the efficiency of .OH in air-free solutions was less, and inactivation by .H and eaq- did not appear to be appreciable. There is a correlation between SH loss and loss of active sites.
Recombinational basis of serovar diversity in Salmonella enterica. (1994)

The fliC gene, which encodes phase 1 flagellin, was sequenced in strains of 15 Salmonella enterica serovars expressing flagellar antigenic factors of the g series. The occurrence of each of the flagellin serotypes g,m, m,t, and g,z51 in distantly related strains is the result of horizontal exchange of DNA, as indicated by identity or close similarity in nucleotide sequence of all or parts of the antigenic factor-determining central region of fliC. The flagellin genes of some serovars are complex mosaic structures composed of diverse segments derived through multiple recombination events. Thus, recombination of horizontally transferred segments (intragenic) or entire genes (assortative) within and among subspecies is identified as a major evolutionary mechanism generating both allelic variation at the fliC locus and serovar diversity in natural populations. Evidence that flagellar serological diversity is promoted by diversifying selection in adaptation to host immune defense system or flagellotropic phage is discussed.
Evaluation of a Commercial Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Immunoglobulin M and G Antibodies Produced during Dengue Infection (1998)

A commercially available capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies produced during dengue infection (PanBio Dengue Duo) was evaluated with paired serum specimens from 176 patients. Diagnosis was based on a hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, with patients having either primary dengue (n = 90), secondary dengue (n = 58), or no dengue (n = 28) infection. The combined use of IgM and IgG (sensitivity, 99%; specificity, 96%) was superior to the use of IgM alone (sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 96%) or IgG alone (sensitivity, 85%; specificity, 96%). Furthermore, with the first serum sample of the pair of serum samples, the ELISA was able to diagnose significantly more cases of dengue than the HAI assay (55% versus 14%). The results of the IgG capture ELISA gave a significant correlation with those of the HAI assay (r = 0.91; P < 0.0001), and the IgG capture ELISA could be used to distinguish between primary and secondary infection. The best distinction was observed when an IgG cutoff ratio of 3.0 was used, with 88% of primary infections and 98% of secondary infections being correctly classified. This ELISA should prove to be useful in the clinical diagnosis of dengue infection.
In vivo drug screening applications of HIV-infected cells cultivated within hollow fibers in two physiologic compartments of mice (1995)

Previous studies demonstrated that human cell lines can be cultivated in hollow fibers in the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal compartments of mice. We have extended the range of cell lines to include cells infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Furthermore, these HIV-infected cells have been shown to replicate in the hollow fibers located in both physiologic compartments (intraperitoneal and subcutaneous) of SCID mice. Treatment of the host mice with antiviral agents can suppress virus replication in these hollow fiber cultures. The potential use of this system for early in vivo screening of anti-HIV compounds is discussed.
A nonpetide integrin antagonist can inhibit epithelial cell ingestion of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> by blocking formation of integrin α5β1-fibronectin-M1 protein complexes (2000)

Streptococcus pyogenes can be efficiently internalized by a variety of human epithelial cells. beta-lactam antibiotics, commonly used to treat S. pyogenes infections, do not readily permeate mammalian cells. There is growing evidence that the ability of streptococci to enter host cells contributes to the frequent failure of antibiotics to eradicate the organism from infected individuals. Recent studies have suggested that host cell entry requires the formation of a complex of a bacterial fibronectin (Fn) binding protein (e.g., M1 protein or protein F1/SfbI), human Fn, and the epithelial cell Fn receptor, integrin alpha5beta1. We report here that a low molecular weight, nonpeptide antagonist of integrin alpha5beta1, SJ755, can inhibit internalization of streptococci by primary human tonsillar epithelial cells and immortalized human epithelial (A549) cells, thus increasing the extent of bacterial killing by antibiotics. SJ755 blocked Fn binding by human tonsillar epithelial and A549 cells, suggesting that integrin alpha5beta1 is the major Fn receptor expressed by both cell types. SJ755 did not affect Fn binding by purified M1 protein or M1(+) bacteria. Purified M1 protein failed to associate with integrin alpha5beta1 unless the integrin had been prebound by Fn. Also, SJ755 blocked formation of alpha5beta1-Fn-M1 complexes in vitro. These results support the previous proposal that Fn functions as a molecular bridge between M1 protein and integrin alpha5beta1. Furthermore, these results suggest that integrin antagonists may enhance the efficacy of antibiotics in treatment of S. pyogenes infections.
The Use of Excretory and Secretory Antigens of the Scolex of Taenia ovis for the Serodiagnosis of Infection in Dogs (1985)

The excretory and secretory antigens from the evaginated scoleces of Taenia ovis were collected for 3 days in vitro, and used in an ELISA test to detect antibodies to T. ovis in the serum of dogs. When tested on sequentially collected sera, diagnostic ELISA values could be detected in many dogs 4 wk after infection, and remained for an average of a further 4 wk after worms were removed from dogs with an anthelmintic. Using an ELISA discriminant value that eliminated all false positives from 70 uninfected laboratory dog sera and from 57 uninfected farm dog sera, 54/62 true positives were found in sera from dogs infected with various numbers of T. ovis for various intervals. Sera from dogs infected with T. hydatigena gave 11/15 false positive reactions, whereas sera from 15 dogs infected with Echinococcus granulosus or 7 dogs infected with T. pisiformis were all negative. For T. ovis the test had a high repeatability, was not greatly influenced by the number of worms carried by the dog and higher titres were correlated with long-standing infections. Approximately 1,000 scoleces could be recovered from each experimentally infected sheep. Using the ELISA test with undiluted antigen and serum diluted 1:40, approximately 10 sera could be tested in duplicate with the excretions and secretions from each T. ovis scolex.
High-efficiency Complementary Power Mos Pwm Driver Lsi With Low-loss Full-mode Sensing (1992)

A high-efficiency complementary power MOS LSI technology is developed for PWM motor drivers. A top-side PWM method with about 1% loss and fullmode detectable current sense, and low on-resistance power MOSFETs with shield structures are newly introduced.
Acute Toxicity and Safety Evaluation of Triazole Fungicides to Bombyx mori (2014)

Many kinds of triazole fungicides have been widely used in agricultural production. In order to assure the ecological safety,leaf-dipping method was used to determine the acute toxicity of eight triazole fungicides,namely tebuconazole,hexaconazole,diniconazole,penconazole,flusilazole,epoxiconazole,difenoconazole and propiconazole,to silkworm( Bombyx mori). The results showed that 96 h median lethal concentration( LC50) of flusilazole and diniconazole to the 2nd instar silkworm larvae was 40. 12 and 140. 32 mg /L respectively,exhibiting moderate toxicity and high risk if sprayed around mulberry field. The 96 h LC50 of epoxiconazole,penconazole,propiconazole,hexaconazole,difenoconazole and tebuconazole was 297. 62,388. 60,637. 76,690. 98,713. 40 and 947. 35 mg /L respectively,all of which were of low toxicity and moderate risk if sprayed around mulberry field. Furthermore,the toxic symptoms of silkworm larvae from treatment by triazole fungicides were similar. The toxicated larvae were softened,shortened,twisted intoC or Sshape,brownish in color,and antifeedant,etc. It is suggested that the high-risk triazole fungicides like flusilazole and diniconazole should be applied far from mulberry garden during silkworm rearing seasons.
Studies on the Biotransformation of Lonazolac, Bromerguride, Lisuride and Terguride in Laboratory Animals and their Hepatocytes (1989)

1. Metabolic patterns and the extents of metabolism of four drugs, namely [14C]lonazolac (LON), [14C]bromerguride)BRO), [14C]lisuride (LIS) and [3H]terguride (TER) have been studied in three experimental models, namely hepatocyte suspensions of rat, guinea pig, beagle dog and cynomolgus monkey, isolated perfused liver of rat and guinea pig and intact animals (rat, guinea pig, dog and monkey). 2. Selection of compounds was based on differences in phase I metabolic pathways. LON is exclusively hydroxylated in the N-substituting aromatic ring, BRO is mainly N-deethylated in the urea moiety, and LIS and TER are both degraded into numerous metabolites. 3. The decrease in unchanged drug levels in hepatocyte suspensions was characterized by half-lives, with LON as the most stable and LIS as the least stable compound. Marked interspecies differences were found. De-ethylation and aromatic hydroxylation were much slower in rat hepatocytes than in the liver cells of other species; BRO was slowly biodegraded in dog hepatocytes while LIS was broken down extremely quickly. 4. Liver perfusion experiments and studies in vivo were evaluated for the extents of metabolism of each drug. 5. Metabolism studies in hepatocytes did not show any quantitative correlation to those of metabolism in vivo. The suitability of evaluating parameters for in vitro studies is discussed.
The Recognition Of Partially Occluded Objects with Support Vector Machines, Convolutional Neural Networks and Deep Belief Networks (2014)

Abstract Biologically inspired artificial neural networks have been widely used for machine learning tasks such as object recognition. Deep architectures, such as the Convolutional Neural Network, and the Deep Belief Network have recently been implemented successfully for object recognition tasks. We conduct experiments to test the hypothesis that certain primarily generative models such as the Deep Belief Network should perform better on the occluded object recognition task than purely discriminative models such as Convolutional Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines. When the generative models are run in a partially discriminative manner, the data does not support the hypothesis. It is also found that the implementation of Gaussian visible units in a Deep Belief Network trained on occluded image data allows it to also learn to effectively classify non-occluded images
Low temperature Sn-rich Au—Sn wafer-level bonding (2013)

Sn-rich Au—Sn solder bonding has been systematically investigated for low cost and low temperature wafer-level packaging of high-end MEMS devices. The AuSn2 phase with the highest Vickers-hardness among the four stable intermetallic compounds of the Au—Sn system makes a major contribution to the high bonding shear strength. The maximum shear strength of 64 MPa and a leak rate lower than 4.9 × 10−7 atm·cc/s have been obtained for Au46Sn54 solder bonded at 310 °C. This wafer-level low cost bonding technique with high bonding strength can be applied to MEMS devices requiring low temperature packaging.
A four-chip microcomputer for undergraduate engineering courses (2002)

The BASIC interpreter version of the 80C52 is found to be a simple but powerful microcontroller that is ideal for teaching about the function and roles of microcontrollers in control applications. A complete BASIC language microcomputer may be breadboarded in the laboratory with as few as three additional integrated circuits at a very modest investment in time and dollars. The finished computer provides ready access to the control signals, the data signals, and the peripheral components that are present in much more complex systems. It is easily programmed for a variety of experiments and control tasks, and has proved to be an excellent tool for teaching and exploring ways to use microprocessor control of systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Directed light fabrication--a laser metal deposition process for fabrication of near-net shape components (1997)

This is the final report of a two-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Directed Light Fabrication (DLF) is a direct metal deposition process developed at LANL. A solid computer model is used to generate a tool path that moves a laser beam within the required part boundaries to deposit a planar metal layer (about .1 mm thick) which is successively stacked to build the entire part. Metal powder particles are introduced into the laser focal zone where they melt and then solidify to produce a fully dense deposited layer. In a single processing step, metal components are formed eliminating the series of processing steps required by conventional processing such as forging, stamping, casting, etc. The accomplishments of this project have been as follows; (1) advancement of the technology from 3 axes of motion to 5 axes of motion producing true three-dimensional components and assemblies; (2) development of a workable machine for accurate powder delivery, powder recycle, and gas recycle; and (3) demonstrated feasibility for processing almost any metal and intermetallic compound.