gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated design management using traces (1993)

An automatic management system for CAD based on the idea that CAD tools can leave a trace of their execution is proposed. The trace, represented as a bipartite directed and acyclic graph in which the nodes represent either design data or tool invocations, is both a record of the design activity and a graph representing the dependencies among the design objects. The architecture of the proposed system is distributed. A server manages the trace, while a number of clients can concurrently interact with the trace through the server. The system is nonintrusive, because it does not affect the way designers interact with the tools. The design manager has been implemented in a system called VOV, which has been tested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determination of Thiophene by Oxidative Decomposition with Nitric Acid (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Thiophene by Oxidative Decomposition with Nitric AcidL. S. Levitt and Edgar Howard, Jr.Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1953, 25, 1, 196–197Publication Date (Print):January 17, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 January 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60073a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60073a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Common Hemoglobin Variants in Southern Taiwan and Their Effect on the Determination of HbA1c by Ion-exchange High-performance Liquid Chromatography (2009)

The existence of Hb variants may result in false HbA1c measurement. The possible presence of spuriously low HbA1c levels or abnormal HPLC chromatograms by using ion-exchange methods should be kept in mind.
Considering exercise-associated hyponatraemia as a continuum (2018)

Exercise-associated hyponatraemia (EAH) always involves a component of overhydration relative to available exchangeable sodium stores. In the majority of cases, this is purely due to excessive consumption of fluids during exercise. In a lesser number of cases, it is apparent that excessive sodium loss through sweat may play a role by decreasing the amount of acutely available exchangeable sodium. Two cases demonstrating the latter, one in an individual with cystic fibrosis (CF) and another in an endurance athlete without CF, demonstrate how elevated dermal sweat losses may contribute to a <i>relative</i> dilutional EAH along a pathophysiological continuum.
Effects of oxymatrine on the serum levels of T helper cell 1 and 2 cytokines and the expression of the S gene in hepatitis B virus S gene transgenic mice: A study on the anti‐hepatitis B virus mechanism of oxymatrine (2002)

The fact that Th1 cytokines are increased while Th2 cytokines are decreased suggests that oxymatrine treatment triggers the change of immune response to hepatitis B infection in transgenic mice, which leads to improved HBV inhibitory activities. The study can help us better understand the mechanisms of the anti-HBV drug, oxymatrine, and how it has potential as an application in clinical chronic hepatitis B treatment.
Application of Ring-Closing Metathesis Reactions in the Synthesis of Epothilones (2004)

There is wide interest in the epothilones, which like the taxoids initiate cytotoxicity through microtubule stabilization. Briefly described is an application of a ring-closing metathesis reaction toward the synthesis of epothilones as carried out in our laboratory. This has led to the discovery of the (E)-9,10-dehydroepothilones as second-generation anticancer drug candidates.
Japanese reconstructive microsurgery today (1982)

Abstract The results of a survey of 310 members of the Japanese Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery on the present status of reconstructive microsurgery in Japan is reported.
Increasing wireless channel capacity through MIMO systems employing co-located antennas (2005)

Wireless networks consisting of compact antennas find applications in diverse areas such as communication systems, direction of arrival estimation, sensor networks, and imaging. The effectiveness of many of these systems depend on maximizing the reception of RF power and extracting maximum information from the incident electromagnetic (EM) wave. Traditionally, this has been achieved through multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems employing a spatial array of antennas that enhance the channel capacity. In this paper, we report similar increases in channel capacity obtained through the use of vector antennas consisting of co-located loops and dipoles, which can respond to more than one component of the EM field. It is shown that systems with three- and four-element vector antennas at both the transmitter and receiver operating around the frequency of 2.25 GHz support three and four times more information, respectively, as compared to conventional systems consisting of sensors with single antennas. Comparison with a simplified theoretical model of a MIMO system with co-located antennas in a rich multipath environment shows good agreement.
Metronomic chemotherapy following the maximum tolerated dose is an effective anti‐tumour therapy affecting angiogenesis, tumour dissemination and cancer stem cells (2013)

In this article, the effectiveness of a multi-targeted chemo-switch (C-S) schedule that combines metronomic chemotherapy (MET) after treatment with the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is reported. This schedule was tested with gemcitabine in two distinct human pancreatic adenocarcinoma orthotopic models and with cyclophosphamide in an orthotopic ovarian cancer model. In both models, the C-S schedule had the most favourable effect, achieving at least 80% tumour growth inhibition without increased toxicity. Moreover, in the pancreatic cancer model, although peritoneal metastases were observed in control and MTD groups, no dissemination was observed in the MET and C-S groups. C-S treatment caused a decrease in angiogenesis, and its effect on tumour growth was similar to that produced by the MTD followed by anti-angiogenic DC101 treatment. C-S treatment combined an increase in thrombospondin-1 expression with a decrease in the number of CD133+ cancer cells and triple-positive CD133+/CD44+/CD24+ cancer stem cells (CSCs). These findings confirm that the C-S schedule is a challenging clinical strategy with demonstrable inhibitory effects on tumour dissemination, angiogenesis and CSCs.
One-Shot Three-Dimensional Surface Profilometry using DMD-Based Two-Frequency Moiré and Fourier Transform Technique (2009)

Abstract This article presents an optical measurement method for acquiring rapidly accurate geometric 3-D surface morphology of objects. To achieve high-speed profilometry and avoid disturbance due to in-field vibration, one-shot Fourier transform profilometry (FTP) using two- wavelength digital moiré pattern was developed to detect the morphology of the measured object at a speed of up to 60 frames or more per second. Single-fringe interferogram sufficient for FTP can be rapidly captured within a theoretical CCD acquisition time of down to 1 μs. The interferogram thus captured can be applied for further phase retrieving using the developed frequency transform and band-pass filtering strategies. The band-pass filter is designed to obtain phase information for optimizing the 3-D surface reconstruction with both dimensional and structural measurement accuracy. Furthermore, a standard step-height target was measured to analyze accuracy and repeatability of the developed methodology. Experimental results verified that the measurable step height can be effectively increased using the equivalent wavelength established by analyzing two-frequency moiré pattern, thus increasing practical applicability of the developed system while achieving a micro-scale measuring depth resolution. The maximum measured error can be kept within 3.5% of the overall measuring range.
Pigs expressing the human inhibitory ligand <scp>PD</scp>‐L1 (<scp>CD</scp> 274) provide a new source of xenogeneic cells and tissues with low immunogenic properties (2018)

These data indicate a low immunogenic, immune-protected status of cells from hPD-L1 transgenic pigs. The integration of the hPD-L1 concept into existing multi-transgenic pigs is promising to achieve long-term survival of porcine xenografts in non-human primate recipients.
Mg/hydroxyapatite composites for potential bio-medical applications (2010)

List of figures List of tables.Chapter 1 -Introduction.11.1 Background...1 1.1.1Mg and its alloys for medical application1 1.1.2Metal matrix composites.2 1.2 Aim and objectives....3 1.3 Thesis outline..4 Chapter 2 -Literature review.5 2.1 Biomaterials5 2.1.1Introduction.5 2.1.2The corrosion mechanism of magnesium in aqueous conditions....7 2.1.3Magnesium corrosion in relation to biocompatibility..8 2.1.4Bone response during the corrosion of bio-degradable implants.9 2.1.5Biological stimulus for bone growth....10 2.1.6The effect of the microstructure on the degradable behaviour...11 2.1.7Corrosion properties of Mg alloys...12 2.1.7.1 Ca-addition......122.1.7.2 Zn-addition..........................
Multilayer Tablets and Their Drug Release Kinetic Models for Oral Controlled Drug Delivery System (2013)

Among all drug delivery systems, oral drug delivery is the most preferred route for administration for various drugs. Recently, pharmaceutical research has focused on controlled drug delivery offer definite advantages over conventional release formulation of the same drug. Controlled delivery systems that can provide zero-order drug delivery have the potential for maximizing efficacy while minimizing dose frequency and toxicity. A new approach to zero- order drug delivery that includes geometric factors is described. Systems such as multilayered tablets and other geometrically altered devices have been created to perform this function. The multi-layered matrix system overcomes inherent disadvantages of non-linearity associated with diffusion controlled matrix devices by providing additional release surface with time to compensate for the decreasing release rate. This technology also demonstrates a wide flexibility for various applications Polymeric materials play an important role in the functioning of these systems. Hydrophilic polymers are mainly used for preparation of matrix type controlled delivery systems. The mathematical models used to determine the kinetics of drug release from drug delivery systems. The quantitative analysis of the values obtained in dissolution/release rates is easier when mathematical formulae are used to describe the process. This review focuses on the controlled drug release of multilayer tablets, drug release mechanism, system design, different process and formulation parameters and drug release kinetics model of modified release dosage forms.
Separation of double-stranded and single-stranded DNA in polymer solutions: I. Mobility and separation mechanism (1999)

We have studied the separation of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA in a matrix of entangled, linear poly-N,N-dimethylacrylamide. Our results give better insight into the mechanisms involved during separations in polymer solutions. The dependence of different parameters on DNA size, electric field, pore size and the polymer chain length are evaluated and compared to theoretical predictions. Striking differences between experimental data and predicted scaling laws are found. Our data should help to optimize DNA separation in capillary electrophoresis and to improve existing models for DNA separation in porous matrices.
Use of a matched filter for synchronization of a DS receiver in AWGN channel and continuous tone jamming (2002)

Simulation results regarding a direct sequency (DS) spread-spectrum system in which acquisition is performed by means of a matched filter and reference filter are presented. Recursive integration of synchronization pulses over ten databits is used. Gold codes are used as spreading codes. The probabilities of detecting the main correlation peaks and false synchronizations are measured in the simulations. Bit error rates are measured when the signal obtained from the acquisition block is continuously guiding the code generator at the receiver. A significant improvement was obtained with the reference filter in some jamming situations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical Permeabilization of Cells for Intracellular Product Release (2020)

This chapter reviews the concept of chemical permeabilization of microbial cells as it applies to the recovery of intracellular products. The topic is considered in light of the disadvantages of mechanical disruption. The chapter introduces other uses of chemical permeabilization and permeabilization of higher eucaryotes. It discusses the methods of solubilizing active proteins from inclusion bodies. Many chemical methods have been employed to extract intracellular components from microorganisms by permeabilizing outer-wall barriers. Osmotic shock has few permeabilization applications aside from those involving gram-negative microorganisms. Gram-positive organisms are not susceptible to damage by osmotic shock, presumably due to normally high internal osmotic pressure. A variety of mammalian cells have been induced to release a portion of their intracellular protein by permeabilization with digitonin, including Chinese hamster ovary cells and fibroblasts and adipocytes. Permeabilization of host cells is emerging as a feasible alternative to the conventional practice of mechanical disruption in order to obtain product release.
Lipoatrophy and metabolic disturbance in mice with adipose-specific deletion of kindlin-2 (2019)

Kindlin-2 regulates integrin-mediated cell adhesion to and migration on the extracellular matrix. Our recent studies demonstrate important roles of kindlin-2 in regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and skeletal development. In this study, we generated adipose tissue-specific conditional knockout of kindlin-2 in mice by using Adipoq-Cre BAC-transgenic mice. The results showed that deleting kindlin-2 expression in adipocytes in mice caused a severe lipodystrophy with drastically reduced adipose tissue mass. Kindlin-2 ablation elevated the blood levels of nonesterified fatty acids and triglycerides, resulting in massive fatty livers in the mutant mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Furthermore, HFD-fed mutant mice displayed type II diabetes-like phenotypes, including elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, glucose intolerance, and peripheral insulin resistance. Kindlin-2 loss dramatically reduced the expression levels of multiple key factors, including PPARγ, mTOR, AKT, and β-catenin proteins, and suppressed adipocyte gene expression and differentiation. Finally, kindlin-2 loss drastically reduced leptin production and caused a high bone mass phenotype. Collectively, these studies establish a critical role of kindlin-2 in control of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism as well as bone homeostasis.
On Monotone Almost (P, μ) ‐ u. d. Mod 1 Sequence (1999)

Abstract Using the result of almost u.d. mod 1 and G. Hoheisel [6] and Emdös's result, Akiyama [1] gave a different proof of the Erdös and Turán result [4], i.e., Δ 2 log p n changes its sign infinitely many times, where p n is the n ‐th prime number and Δ 2 f ( n ) = Δ(Δ f (n)), Δ f ( n ) = f ( n + 1)‐ f ( n ). In this paper, we show the neceasary condition for monotone almost uniform distribution mod 1. We give Fejér's type theorem for almost uniform distribution mod 1 and give a similar result of Niederreiter [8]. Also we obtain the converse of its result with some conditions. As an application, we give a simple proof [1] of Erdös and Turán's result using Erdös's result [cf. 3, 9, 10, 11, and 21. Also we obtain the condition of P(n ) that Δ 2 log P(n ) changes its sign infinitely many times.
Heart rate variability: Origins, methods, and interpretive caveats (1997)

Components of heart rate variability have attracted considerable attention in psychology and medicine and have become important dependent measures in psychophysiology and behavioral medicine. Quantification and interpretation of heart rate variability, however, remain complex issues and are fraught with pitfalls. The present report (a) examines the physiological origins and mechanisms of heart rate variability, (b) considers quantitative approaches to measurement, and (c) highlights important caveats in the interpretation of heart rate variability. Summary guidelines for research in this area are outlined, and suggestions and prospects for future developments are considered.
Virtual Tourism with Drones (2015)

Tourism always involves physical movement between places, an activity that may be cumbersome, expensive, or even dangerous. Virtual tourism aims at reducing limitations by recreating real touristic venues in computers as 3D models. However, virtual tourism is always premade or prerecorded.
Thermal and Thermomechanical Behaviour of Polycaprolactone and Starch/Polycaprolactone Blends for Biomedical Applications (2005)

Abstract Summary: Polycaprolactone (PCL) and starch/PCL blends (SPCL) are shown to have the potential to be used in a range of biomedical applications and can be processed with conventional melting‐based procedures. In this paper, the thermal and thermomechanical analyses of PCL and SPCL were performed, using DSC, optical microscopy and DMA. Starch effectively increased the non‐isothermal crystallisation rate of PCL. Non‐isothermal crystallisation kinetics was analyzed using Ozawa model, and a method, which combines the theories of Avrami and Ozawa. Starch effectively reinforced PCL and enhanced its damping properties, which indicated that SPCL could be more suitable than PCL in some biomedical applications, as it might help in the dissipation of the mechanical energy generated by the patient movements. Dynamic mechanical behaviour of PCL and SPCL at 1 Hz. magnified image Dynamic mechanical behaviour of PCL and SPCL at 1 Hz.
Mammogram Image Enhancement Using Entropy and CLAHE Based Intuitionistic Fuzzy Method (2019)

Mortality rate because of breast cancer diminishes to a large extent if the categorization of breast lesions as malignant or benign is done properly. But this process is quite complicated owing to erroneous detection of noise pixels as false positives. It can be reduced by proper enhancement of the features of the mammogram giving an indication of cancer. In this paper, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and entropy-based intuitionistic fuzzy method are anticipated for improving the contrast of digital mammogram images. To validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm over type II fuzzy set-based techniques, subjective, quantitative and visual evaluation is done on publicly available MIAS database. Experimental results prove that the proposed technique gives better visual quality. It provides high values of subjective and quantitative metrics compared to several states of art algorithms.
THE 1999 ANNUAL MOBILITY REPORT: INFORMATION FOR URBAN AMERICA (1999)

The mobility provided by the nation's transportation system is the subject of discussion and debate every day. This report provides data on the performance of some elements of that transport system in 68 urban areas. The travel, demographic, facility and operational performance statistics in the study from 1982 to 1997 are oriented to the broad public interest. The report is designed to present technical information to non-technical audiences. The primary performance measures are the travel rate index and travel delay. Both measures relate to the concerns of transport users - the amount of time required to travel. The travel rate index compares the time needed to travel during peak travel periods of the average day and the time needed to travel during free-flow conditions. The index is designed to be easy to understand and useful for a range of analyses and presentations. Travel delay is presented as an annual estimate of the amount of additional travel time caused by traffic congestion. Various federal, state, and local agencies provided the information used to update and verify the primary database - the Federal Highway Administration's Highway Performance Monitoring Systems (HPMS).
Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: genetic risk factors, blood biomarkers and olfactory dysfunction (2008)

We note with interest the recently proposed new diagnostic framework published in Lancet Neurology entitled “Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria” by Dubois et al. (2007).
Minimizing leakage power in sequential circuits by using mixed Vt flip-flops (2007)

Dual Vt has been widely used to control leakage, while, at the same time, satisfying circuit performance. However, current approaches target the combinational circuits even though sequential elements, such as flip-flops and latches, contribute an appreciable proportion of the total leakage. The use of dual Vt flip-flops is limited to circuits of large timing slack, because introducing high Vt flip-flops in place of low Vt ones yields abrupt change in timing. We propose mixed Vt flip-flops, which are designed by using both low and high Vt, but in different transistors. Compared to low Vt flip-flop, the mixed Vt flip-flops exhibit increased delay, but either on setup time or on clock-to-Q delay but not on both, while their leakage is greatly reduced. We extend the conventional sensitivity-based dual Vt allocation algorithm to incorporate mixed Vt flip-flops together with dual Vt combinational gates. Experimental results show that an average leakage saving of 31% is achieved, compared to the use of dual Vt on combinational subcircuits alone. The leakage of the flip-flops themselves is cut by 57% on average.