gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of a bystander mutagenic effect of alpha particles in mammalian cells (2000)

Ever since the discovery of X-rays was made by Röntgen more than a hundred years ago, it has always been accepted that the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation such as mutation and carcinogenesis are attributable mainly to direct damage to DNA. Although evidence based on microdosimetric estimation in support of a bystander effect appears to be consistent, direct proof of such extranuclear/extracellular effects are limited. Using a precision charged particle microbeam, we show here that irradiation of 20% of randomly selected A(L) cells with 20 alpha particles each results in a mutant fraction that is 3-fold higher than expected, assuming no bystander modulation effect. Furthermore, analysis by multiplex PCR shows that the types of mutants induced are significantly different from those of spontaneous origin. Pretreatment of cells with the radical scavenger DMSO had no effect on the mutagenic incidence. In contrast, cells pretreated with a 40 microM dose of lindane, which inhibits cell-cell communication, significantly decreased the mutant yield. The doses of DMSO and lindane used in these experiments are nontoxic and nonmutagenic. We further examined the mutagenic yield when 5-10% of randomly selected cells were irradiated with 20 alpha particles each. Results showed, likewise, a higher mutant yield than expected assuming no bystander effects. Our studies provide clear evidence that irradiated cells can induce a bystander mutagenic response in neighboring cells not directly traversed by alpha particles and that cell-cell communication process play a critical role in mediating the bystander phenomenon.
Farnesylation of p21 Ras proteins in Xenopus oocytes. (1994)

Unprocessed p21 Ras proteins microinjected into Xenopus oocytes were radiolabeled by coinjected [3H]farnesyl pyrophosphate, a direct farnesyl donor substrate for all known mammalian farnesyltransferases. Mevinolin, an inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase which reduces the levels of mevalonate and thus farnesyl pyrophosphate, blocked oncogenic H-Rasva112 induced germinal vesicle breakdown in oocytes. This mevinolin caused block was completely reversed by co-injected farnesyl pyrophosphate. The putative farnesyltransferase in Xenopus oocytes was identified to be similar to those found in mammalian cells in that it requires an intact CAAX box motif in addition to the conserved cysteine residue at the fourth position from the C-terminus of Ras proteins for its farnesylating activity. Peptide inhibitors of farnesyltransferase such as CVIM and TKCVIM were shown to inhibit farnesylation of microinjected Ras proteins thereby blocking its function namely the induction of oocyte maturation. These results demonstrate that Xenopus oocytes process bacterially produced mammalian Ras proteins in a manner similar to, if not identical with that in mammalian cells, thus validating the continued use of the Xenopus oocyte system for unraveling the functions of Ras proteins. Furthermore, our results indicate that the oocyte system may be a useful in vivo model for studying the farnesylation of human Ras proteins, its regulation, and the effects of farnesyltransferase inhibitors.
Design considerations for M&S software (2009)

The development of M&S products often seems to be driven by need: people start coding because they are interested in either a concrete simulation study, or they are interested in a (single) research subject of M&S methodology. We claim that discussing, designing, developing, and comparing M&S products should be based on software engineering concepts. We shortly introduce some of these engineering concepts and discuss how these relate to the M&S domain. By describing two examples, OSA and JAMES II, we illustrate that reuse might play an important role in the development of high quality M&S products as the examples allow reuse on the level of models and scenarios, on the level of “simulation studies”, of algorithms (e.g., reuse of event queues, random number generators), across hardware architectures / operating systems, and of analysis tools.
Chemical and Biological Investigation of Cyclopropyl Containing Diaryl-pyrazole-3-carboxamides as Novel and Potent Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor Antagonists (2009)

Obesity is a major clinical problem in the western world, and many molecular targets have been explored in the search for effective therapeutic agents. One of these, antagonism of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, rose to prominence following reports demonstrating the positive modulation of food intake by the CB1 antagonist, rimonabant (3) (SR141716A). In the present study, various diaryl-pyrazole derivatives containing cycloalkyl building blocks were synthesized and tested for CB1 receptor binding affinities. Thorough structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies to optimize the pyrazole substituents led to several novel CB1 antagonists with K(i) <or= 5 nM and with acceptable metabolic stability with human liver microsomes. Among these analogues, we identified 5-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-N-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (11r), which exhibited a favorable pharmacological profile with outstanding efficacy in reducing serum lipid parameters of metabolic syndrome compared to clinical references.
Correction of the Disease Phenotype of Myocilin-Causing Glaucoma by a Natural Osmolyte (2009)

The results indicate that TMAO, with chaperoning activity, facilitated the folding and secretion of mutant MYOC. This therapeutic approach assisted by a chemical chaperone can be developed for treating glaucoma.
[Comprehensive assessment on environmental quality in vulnerable ecotone of Tarim River Basin]. (2001)

Tarim River Basin (TRB) is one of ecological environment vulnerable areas. Due to the matching of material and energy existed in some problems, the different fragility characteristics occurred obviously. According to related principles of ecological environment quality assessment, combined with ecological environment situation of Tarim River Basin, 20 indexes were selected, and the indicator system for synthetically ecological environment assessment was built. Moreover, ecological fragility index was set up, which can be used to indicate the degree of ecological environment quality in Tarim River Basin. The results were as follows: Aksu River Basin belongs to improved area. Yerkart River Basin and the upper reaches of TRB belongs to balance areas and Hetian River Basin and the middle reaches of TRB belongs to maladjustment areas. The lower reaches of TRB belongs to severe damage area. The assessment results are consonant with actual situation, which play an important function in ecological environment construction.
Donepezil effects on mood in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (2005)

Donepezil, 5 mg/d for 6 wk then 10 mg/d for 6 wk, and placebo daily for 12 wk in a double-blind cross-over paradigm, was added to the therapeutic regimen of 13 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders, clinically stable on atypical antipsychotic medications. Patients had varying degrees of depressive symptoms, ranging from no depression to clinically significant depression. There was no worsening or induction of depression in individual patients or the group as a whole. In addition there was a statistically significant antidepressant effect in the group as a whole during the donepezil condition and a clinically significant antidepressant effect in the patients with clinically significant depressive symptoms, although there were not enough depressed patients in the group to conclude that donepezil may have antidepressant effects. Thus, in this study, donepezil did not induce or worsen depressive symptoms in schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorder patients.
Experimental realization of floating-gate-memory thin-film transistor (1975)

CdSe thin-film nonvolatile memory transistors have been made using the concept of a double-insulator structure with a thin floating gate inserted at the interface of the two insulators. The thin floating gate enhanced the charging and charge-retention behaviors of the memory transistors. On/off conductance ratio of greater than 1000 has been achieved. Writing speed on the order of microseconds is possible.
Weight‐for‐length model in newborn Swedish infants (1993)

A new methodology for evaluation of weight in relation to length normalized for sex and gestational age (leanness/fatness) in the newborn infant is presented. Using standard deviation scores (SDS) for weight and length in a linear regression model, a new continuous variable called LEANSDS has been constructed with intercept = zero, regression coefficient = 0.7152, SD = 0.6988 and r2 = 0.51, irrespective of gender and gestational age within the range 34-43 weeks' gestation. The model is based on the Swedish 1986 Medical Birth Register and was tested on the 1985 year cohort. The reference material consisted of live-born, singleton infants considered "healthy". This new variable is independent of length. A chart is presented which simplifies visual evaluation. Using -2 SD as the cut-off limit, approximately one-third of light-for-dates infants are also lean, while two-thirds of the lean infants are not light for dates. Proportions of "not healthy" live-born infants and still births are given. Using another method, based on weight and length, and with some approximations needed for calculation of a comparable BW/BLSDS, the correlation was 0.9974, but this calculation is more elaborate and the comparable chart more complex. This method reveals the influence of gestational age on the relationship between weight and length, indicating a "prenatal puberty". Empirically, the logarithmic relationship found between weight and length indicates a ponderal index exponent of 2.4-2.5 instead of 3. LEANSDS, with its continuous nature, also gives the degree of deviation in each individual and in groups of infants, and can be added together and further analysed with improved sensitivity.
EFFECTS OF 15-DEOXYSPERGUALIN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ON CYTOKINE GENE EXPRESSION (1994)

Transplantation is published monthly and is the most cited and influential journal in the field, with more than 25,000 citations per year. The journal celebrated its 50th year in 2016. Transplantation has been the trusted source for extensive and timely coverage of the most important advances in transplantation. The Editors and Editorial Board are an international group of research and clinical leaders that includes many pioneers of the field, representing a diverse range of areas of expertise. This capable editorial team provides thoughtful and thorough peer review, and delivers rapid, careful and insightful editorial evaluation of all manuscripts submitted to the journal.
Design of single-sided linear induction motors for urban transit (1988)

A method of designing low-speed single-sided linear induction motors (SLIMs) for urban transit with maximum speed of 70 km/h is described. The SLIMs can be used not only for Maglev vehicles, but also for the vehicles of the LIM/wheel systems in which the SLIMs are used for propulsion and the wheels for suspension and guidance. The effects of varying principal design parameters on the performance characteristics and the motor weight are numerically investigated. The effects of small changes of the LIM specifications are also shown. The motor weight, the cost of secondary materials, and the energy consumption for a typical route (including regenerative braking operation) are considered as the criteria of goodness for SLIMs. A design example is tackled using the sequential unconstrained minimization technique and the simplex method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fusion in Information Retrieval (2018)

Fusion is an important and central concept in Information Retrieval. The goal of fusion methods is to merge different sources of information so as to address a retrieval task. For example, in the adhoc retrieval setting, fusion methods have been applied to merge multiple document lists retrieved for a query. The lists could be retrieved using different query representations, document representations, ranking functions and corpora. The goal of this half day, intermediate-level, tutorial is to provide a methodological view of the theoretical foundations of fusion approaches, the numerous fusion methods that have been devised and a variety of applications for which fusion techniques have been applied.
Physical modeling and characterization of the halo phenomenon in night vision goggles (2005)

When a bright light source is viewed through Night Vision Goggles (NVG), the image of the source can appear enveloped in a “halo” that is much larger than the “weak-signal” point spread function of the NVG. The halo phenomenon was investigated in order to produce an accurate model of NVG performance for use in psychophysical experiments. Halos were created and measured under controlled laboratory conditions using representative Generation III NVGs. To quantitatively measure halo characteristics, the NVG eyepiece was replaced by a CMOS imager. Halo size and intensity were determined from camera images as functions of point-source intensity and ambient scene illumination. Halo images were captured over a wide range of source radiances (7 orders of magnitude) and then processed with standard analysis tools to yield spot characteristics. The spot characteristics were analyzed to verify our proposed parametric model of NVG halo event formation. The model considered the potential effects of many subsystems of the NVG in the generation of halo: objective lens, photocathode, image intensifier, fluorescent screen and image guide. A description of the halo effects and the model parameters are contained in this work, along with a qualitative rationale for some of the parameter choices.
The Pasteurization of American Cheddar Cheese by Radio-Frequency Heat (1949)

Summary The radio-frequency pasteurization of young Cheddar cheese in Parakote packages was found possible. Older cheeses did not stand up well under the heat treatment. Phosphatase negative results were obtained on Cheddar cheese heated by radio frequency currents to 132° F. or above, and then cooled in air. Curing took place in radio frequency heated cheeses, though not as rapidly as in the unheated controls. Off flavors, including oily and bitter, were noticed in a number of heated cheeses. Their cause was not investigated. Many problems are present in this type of heating which require additional study.
Mechanistic and exploratory organic photochemistry. XXXIV. Control of photochemical reaction pathways by excited-state multiplicity (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic and exploratory organic photochemistry. XXXIV. Control of photochemical reaction pathways by excited-state multiplicityH. E. Zimmerman, R. S. Givens, and R. M. PagniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 15, 4191–4193Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01017a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01017a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An evaluation of polyelectrolyte complexes as biomedical materials (1970)

Abstract Certain polyelectrolyte complexes have been developed which appear to be nonirritating to body tissues and do not initiate thrombus when in contact with the bloodstream. In vivo test results with animals are discussed salong with a description of the physical and chemical properties of the material. Methods of improving the mechanical properties of the complexes have been developed and illustrations of several simple biomedical devices are shown.
Interleukin-23 in the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis. (2016)

In the past three decades, major advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The currently accepted theory is that T-cell mediated immune dysregulation triggers keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriasis. Recent research indicates that the Th17/interleukin (IL)-23 pathway plays a prominent role in the amplification phase of psoriasis. The discovery of the Th17/ IL-23 pathway provides targets for new drug development. This review focuses on the role of IL-23 in psoriasis pathogenesis and the current therapies targeting IL-23 that are in clinical trials.
Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode focal plane arrays for three-dimensional imaging LADAR (2010)

We report on the development of focal plane arrays (FPAs) employing two-dimensional arrays of InGaAsP-based Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GmAPDs). These FPAs incorporate InP/InGaAs(P) Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GmAPDs) to create pixels that detect single photons at shortwave infrared wavelengths with high efficiency and low dark count rates. GmAPD arrays are hybridized to CMOS read-out integrated circuits (ROICs) that enable independent laser radar (LADAR) time-of-flight measurements for each pixel, providing three-dimensional image data at frame rates approaching 200 kHz. Microlens arrays are used to maintain high fill factor of greater than 70%. We present full-array performance maps for two different types of sensors optimized for operation at 1.06 μm and 1.55 μm, respectively. For the 1.06 μm FPAs, overall photon detection efficiency of >40% is achieved at <20 kHz dark count rates with modest cooling to ~250 K using integrated thermoelectric coolers. We also describe the first evalution of these FPAs when multi-photon pulses are incident on single pixels. The effective detection efficiency for multi-photon pulses shows excellent agreement with predictions based on Poisson statistics. We also characterize the crosstalk as a function of pulse mean photon number. Relative to the intrinsic crosstalk contribution from hot carrier luminescence that occurs during avalanche current flows resulting from single incident photons, we find a modest rise in crosstalk for multi-photon incident pulses that can be accurately explained by direct optical scattering.
Fisher Ratio Method Applied to Third-Order Separation Data To Identify Significant Chemical Components of Metabolite Extracts (2006)

This report is about applying a Fisher ratio method to entire four dimensional (4D) data sets from third-order instrumentation data. The Fisher ratio method uses a novel indexing scheme to discover the unknown chemical differences among known classes of complex samples. This is the first report of a Fisher ratio analysis procedure applied to entire 4D data sets of third-order separation data, which, in this case, is comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses of metabolite extracts using all of the collected mass channels. Current analysis methods for third-order separation data use only user-defined subsets of the 4D data set. First, in a validation study, the Fisher ratio method was demonstrated to objectively evaluate and determine the chemical differences between three controlled urine samples that differed by known spiked chemical components. It was determined that, out of more than 600 recognizable chemical components in a single sample, the six spiked components, along with only two other matrix components, differed most significantly in concentration among the control samples. In a second study, the Fisher ratio method was used in a novel application to discover the unknown chemical differences between urine metabolite samples from pregnant women and nonpregnant women. A brief list of the top 11 components that were most significantly different in concentration between the pregnant and nonpregnant samples was generated. Because the Fisher ratio calculation statistically differentiates regions of the chromatogram with large class-to-class variations from regions containing large within-class variations, the Fisher ratio method should generally be robust against biological diversity in a sample population. Indeed, application of principal component analysis in this second study failed due to biological diversity of the samples.
Determination of four nucleotides degraded from the RNA of yeasts by HPLC (2002)

Four nucleotides degraded from the RNA of yeasts were separated by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography at the same time. They can be detected at 254 nm by UV detector with 20 mmol·L -1 (NH 4)H 2PO 4 as mobile phase.The accuracy of the method is as follows : RSD CMP =1.79%, RSD UMP =0.36%, RSD GMP =0.79%, RSD AMP =0.57%.The average recovery is as follows: 98.9%,99.1%,100.8%,99.9%.
Flow Sensing of Single Cell by Graphene Transistor in a Microfluidic Channel (2011)

The electronic properties of graphene are strongly influenced by electrostatic forces arising from long-range charge scatterers and by changes in the local dielectric environment. This makes graphene extremely sensitive to the surface charge density of cells interfacing with it. Here, we developed a graphene transistor array integrated with microfluidic flow cytometry for the "flow-catch-release" sensing of malaria-infected red blood cells at the single-cell level. Malaria-infected red blood cells induce highly sensitive capacitively coupled changes in the conductivity of graphene. Together with the characteristic conductance dwell times, specific microscopic information about the disease state can be obtained.
Monte Carlo dose calculations for dynamic IMRT treatments (2001)

Dose calculations for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) face new challenges due to the complex leaf geometry and time dependent nature of the delivery. A fast method of particle transport through a dynamic multileaf collimator (MLC) geometry that accounts for photon attenuation and first-scattered Compton photon production has been incorporated into an existing Monte Carlo code used for patient dose calculations. Dosimetric agreement between calculation and measurement for two photon energies and MLC types is within experimental error for the sliding window tests. For a patient IMRT field, the Monte Carlo calculations are closer to measured dose than similar superposition or pencil beam calculations.
Capillary microreactors wall-coated with mesoporous titania thin film catalyst supports (2008)

A new method for catalyst deposition on the inner walls of capillary microreactors is proposed which allows exact control of the coating thickness, pore size of the support, metal particle size, and metal loading. The wall-coated microreactors have been tested in a selective hydrogenation reaction. Activity and selectivity reach values close to those obtained with a homogeneous Pd catalyst. The catalyst activity was stable for a period of 1000 h time-on-stream.