gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding of Daunomycin to Diaminopurine- and/or Inosine-Substituted DNA<sup>,</sup> (1998)

The binding of the anticancer drug daunomycin to double-helical DNA has been investigated by DNase I footprinting and fluorescence titration, using a series of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) synthesized DNA fragments that contained systematic base substitutions to alter the disposition of functional groups within the minor groove. The 160 bp tyrT DNA fragment constituted the starting material. Fragments in which (i) inosine was substituted for guanosine, (ii) diaminopurine was substituted for adenine, and (iii) both inosine and diaminopurine were substituted for guanosine and adenine, respectively, were studied. These fragments permit the role of the 2-amino group in the minor groove to be systematically explored. The results of DNase I footprinting experiments confirmed that daunomycin binds preferentially to 5'(A/T)GC and 5'(A/T)CG triplets in the normal fragment. Substitution of inosine for guanosine, with the concomitant loss of the N-2 in the minor groove, weakened binding affinity but did not dramatically alter the sequence preference associated with daunomycin binding. Complete reversal of the location of the N-2 group by the double substitution, however, completely altered the sequence preference of daunomycin and shifted its binding from the canonical triplets to ones with a 5'IDD motif. These results have critically tested and confirmed the proposed key roles of the daunosamine moiety and the 9-OH group of daunomycin in dictating binding to preferred sites. In a parallel study, both macroscopic and microscopic binding to the normal tyrT fragment were investigated, experiments made possible by using PCR to prepare large quantities of the long, defined DNA sequence. The results of these experiments underscored the complexity of the interaction of the drug with the DNA lattice and revealed unequivocal heterogeneity in its affinity for different binding sites. A class of high-affinity sites, most probably corresponding to the 5'(A/T)GC and 5'(A/T)CG triplets, was identified and characterized in macroscopic binding isotherms.
[2-(.OMEGA.-Phenylalkyl)phenoxy]alkylamines: Synthesis and Dual Dopamine2 (D2) and 5-Hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) Receptor Antagonistic Activities. (1998)

A series of [2-(omega-phenylalkyl)phenoxy]alkylamines was synthesized and their 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) and/or dopamine2 (D2) receptor antagonistic activities were examined in vitro. [2-(4-Phenylbutyl)phenoxy]alkylamines showed strong inhibition of both 5-HT2 and D2 receptors. In particular, [2-(4-Phenylbutyl)phenoxy]-methylpiperidine derivatives, 10b, 10i and 10q, exhibited potent inhibition. The structure-activity relationships in this series of compounds are discussed.
1852 (2005)

Es gibt Dinge, die der beste Humor nicht verdauen kann, Dinge, die Heine so treffend bezeichnet mit dem bekannten Vers:
Laparovaginal Hysterectomy (1994)

The technique and complications of 141 patients having laparovaginal hysterectomy in private practice are reported. Abdominal hysterectomy was avoided in the 110 patients having preliminary laparoscopic surgery for pelvic disease, ovarian removal, or a uterus larger than 12cm. Postoperative morbidity included pulmonary embolus (3), vesicovaginal fistula (2) and pelvic haematoma (4). The frequency of complications was less than that reported after abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. The surgical technique changed during the series; the operative care of the bladder and ureter requires particular attention. A larger number of patients in a variety of centres require study before the laparoscopic procedure can be determined to be as safe as abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. The laparoscopic procedure has the potential to replace the majority of abdominal hysterectomies.
Extraction, PCR amplification and sequencing of mitochondrial DNA from human hair shafts. (1995)

Techniques have been developed for extracting, amplifying and directly sequencing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from human hair shafts. The hair shaft is ground in a glass micro-tissue grinder, and the DNA is extracted with organic solvent and purified by filtration. The filtrate subsequently provides the mtDNA template for the PCR. The two hypervariable segments of the mtDNA control region are amplified in four separate reactions. After a purification step to remove unincorporated PCR primers, amplified products are quantitated by capillary electrophoresis and subjected to cycle sequencing. The products are separated and analyzed on an automated DNA sequencer. The mtDNA sequences from the hair shaft match the mtDNA sequences from blood samples taken from the same donor.
Candid portrait selection from video (2011)

In this paper, we train a computer to select still frames from video that work well as candid portraits. Because of the subjective nature of this task, we conduct a human subjects study to collect ratings of video frames across multiple videos. Then, we compute a number of features and train a model to predict the average rating of a video frame. We evaluate our model with cross-validation, and show that it is better able to select quality still frames than previous techniques, such as simply omitting frames that contain blinking or motion blur, or selecting only smiles. We also evaluate our technique qualitatively on videos that were not part of our validation set, and were taken outdoors and under different lighting conditions.
Evaluation of Photodetection Properties of Graphene-Silicon Schottky IR Detector (2012)

ABSTRACT We evaluated the photodetection properties and external quantum efficiency of graphene-silicon Schottky photodetector under IR illumination for 700 nm, 1.1 μm, 2 μm, and 3.5 μm wavelengths at room temperature. The graphene-Si Schottky diode has been fabricated by depositing mechanically exfoliated HOPG on top of the pre-patterned silicon substrate. Finally, the measurements were done on the (I-V) curves of the junction to calculate photocurrent at low voltage which is of the great practical interest. We show that our graphene-Si Schottky detector can detect the IR illuminations at lower voltages than previously published work.
AlGaInP visible laser diode with extremely high quantum efficiency having lateral leaky waveguide structure (1992)

AlGaInP visible laser diode with lateral leaky waveguide structure has been demonstrated for the first time. The laser has differential quantum efficiency as high as 43% from one facet in addition to fundamental-transverse-mode stability without facet coating. The high differential quantum efficiency is due to the low propagation loss of this laser.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and characterization of layered tunnel barriers for nonvolatile memory applications (2004)

The main limitations of floating gate memory devices (Flash memory) are the long program (microsecond) and erase times (millisecond) inherent to the charging of floating gates using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. An alternative to the integration of homogeneous dielectric tunnel barriers present in standard Flash memory is to use ?layered? tunnel barriers made of high-k heterostructures. This allows for an effective lowering in barrier height under applied bias, resulting in shorter write/erase times while maintaining long retention times.

To assess these types of dielectric structures, tunneling probability simulations were performed using an effective mass-model, allowing us to predict current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and optimize the layered tunnel barrier structure. Based on our results, we correlated dielectric constants and band offsets with respect to silicon in order to help identify possible materials from which to construct these layered barriers. This survey allowed for the determination of promising high-k materials heterostructures: Si3N4 / Al2O3 / Si3N4 / Si3N4 and HfO2 / Al2O3 / HfO2.

We performed a series of physical and electrical characterization experiments on single-layer as well as two- and three-layer structures of Si3N4, Al2O3, and HfO2. Transmission electron microscopy and I-V measurements were used to correlate the physical effects of high-temperature annealing on the electrical properties of the films, allowing us to determine the ideal processing conditions. Construction of Fowler-Nordheim plots from experimental I-V data gave qualitative evidence of barrier lowering in the multi-layer structures.

We developed a bias-dependent photoemission technique for quantitative determination of the band-offsets between silicon and our dielectric barriers, which is found to be highly dependent on the applied bias. For SiO2 (and other single-layer materials), image potential barrier lowering simulations predict the barrier profile as a function of voltage, allowing us to report the band-offsets for these materials in a more complete way than was previously possible. Also, by characterizing multi-layer structures of HfO2 and Al2O3, we have been able to quantitatively measure the effective barrier height of these structures over a wide range of biases and prove barrier lowering. Analysis by an electrostatic model allowed us to accurately simulate the barrier lowering results over all voltage ranges.
Unified Theory to Build Cell-Level Transistor Networks from BDDs (2003)

This paper presents a unified theory to build transistor networks through Binary Decision Diagrams - BDDs. It is able to obtain transistor networks with transistor count near to the best case of other methods presented in the literature. As a result, a pass transistor network implementation is automatically generated for XOR-like gates, since static CMOS performs badly. Similarly, a static CMOS topology is preferred for the generation of NAND-like gates, on which Pass Transistor Logic is not optimal. Variations on the derivation of transistor networks from BDDs are extensively discussed.
Planar GaN Power Integration – The World is Flat (2020)

GaN power IC's are expected to help unlock the full potential of GaN power electronics, especially in terms of promoting the high-frequency power switching applications. This paper first discusses a GaN power integration technology platform based on commercially available p-GaN gate HEMT technology. An integrated gate driver is presented as an example of GaN power IC with enhanced performance, in which a bootstrap unit is adopted to realize rail-to-rail output voltage and fast switching speed. To deal with GaN-specific design issues such as the unique dynamic V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> , a SPICE model of p-GaN gate HEMT is developed to improve design accuracy. Future prospects for GaN power integration are discussed by extending the integration's landscape to multi-functional GaN power devices, GaN CMOS technology, and GaN/SiC hybrid power IC's.
Dengue reporter viruses reveal viral dynamics in interferon receptor-deficient mice and sensitivity to interferon effectors in vitro (2012)

Dengue virus (DENV) is a global disease threat for which there are no approved antivirals or vaccines. Establishing state-of-the-art screening systems that rely on fluorescent or luminescent reporters may accelerate the development of anti-DENV therapeutics. However, relatively few reporter DENV platforms exist. Here, we show that DENV can be genetically engineered to express a green fluorescent protein or firefly luciferase. Reporter viruses are infectious in vitro and in vivo and are sensitive to antiviral compounds, neutralizing antibodies, and interferons. Bioluminescence imaging was used to follow the dynamics of DENV infection in mice and revealed that the virus localized predominantly to lymphoid and gut-associated tissues. The high-throughput potential of reporter DENV was demonstrated by screening a library of more than 350 IFN-stimulated genes for antiviral activity. Several antiviral effectors were identified, and they targeted DENV at two distinct life cycle steps. These viruses provide a powerful platform for applications ranging from validation of vaccine candidates to antiviral discovery.
Cloud Removal in Image Time Series Through Sparse Reconstruction From Random Measurements (2016)

In this paper, we propose a cloud removal algorithm for scenes within a satellite image time series based on synthetization of the affected areas via sparse reconstruction. The high spectrotemporal dimensionality of time series allows applying pixel-based sparse reconstruction techniques efficiently, estimating the values below a cloudy area by observing the spectral evolution in time of pixels in cloud-free areas. The process implicitly compensates the overall atmospheric interactions affecting a given image, and it is possible even if only one acquisition is available for a given period of time. The dictionary, on the basis of which the data are reconstructed, is selected randomly from the available image elements in the time series. This increases the degree of automation of the process, if the area containing clouds and their shadows is given. Favorable comparisons with similar methods and applications to supervised classification and change detection show that the proposed algorithm restores images locally contaminated by clouds and their shadows in a satisfactory and efficient way.
Traumatic Duodenal Perforation Presenting as Emphysematous Pyelonephritis (2010)

We report a case of right upper abdominal pain after hit by the bike handle. Her abdominal pain was resolved and was send home from our Emergency department (ED) at the first day after trauma. However 2 days after, her abdominal pain gradually worsened with accompanying high grade fever prompting her to seek consultation again at our ED. Abdominal x-ray showed gas pattern surrounding her renal shadow resembling acute emphysematous pyelonephritis. Abdominal computerized tomography proved the retroperitoneum hollow organ perforation with normal appearance of the right kidney. And after emergency laparotomy, it was confirmed that there was perforation of the 3(superscript rd) portion of the duodenum. Patient was confined in our institution for a period of 21 days and fully recovered upon discharged.
Allopurinol inhibits de novo purine synthesis in lymphoblasts of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (1996)

The effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on atherosclerosis remain unclear. We used apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>) mice to generate double-knockout ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>:CGRP<sup>-/-</sup> mice lacking alpha CGRP. ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>:CGRP<sup>-/-</sup> mice exhibited larger atherosclerotic plaque areas, peritoneal macrophages with enhanced migration functions, and elevated levels of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-⍺. Thus, we also explored whether inhibiting TNF-⍺ could improve atherosclerosis in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>:CGRP<sup>-/-</sup> mice by administering etanercept intraperitoneally once a week (5 mg/kg) alongside a high-fat diet for 2 weeks. This treatment led to significant reductions in aortic root lesion size, atherosclerotic plaque area and macrophage migration in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>:CGRP<sup>-/-</sup> mice compared with mice treated with human IgG (5 mg/kg). We further examined whether results observed in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>:CGRP<sup>-/-</sup> mice could similarly be obtained by administering a humanized monoclonal CGRP antibody, galcanezumab, to ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice. ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice were subcutaneously administered galcanezumab at an initial dose of 50 mg/kg, followed by a dose of 30 mg/kg in the second week. Galcanezumab administration did not affect systolic blood pressure, serum lipid levels, or macrophage migration but led to a significant increase in lipid deposition at the aortic root. These findings suggest that alpha CGRP plays a critical role in inhibiting the progression of atherosclerosis.
Improvements to JPEG-LS via diagonal edge-based prediction (2002)

JPEG-LS is the latest pixel based lossless to near lossless still image coding standard introduced by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG). In this standard simple localized edge detection techniques are used in order to determine the predictive value of each pixel. These edge detection techniques only detect horizontal and vertical edges and the corresponding predictors have only been optimized for the accurate prediction of pixels in the locality of diagonal edges. In this paper we propose a low complexity, low cost technique that accurately detects diagonal edges and predicts the value of pixels to be encoded based on the gradients available within the standard predictive template of JPEG-LS. We provide experimental results to show that the proposed technique outperforms JPEG-LS in terms of predicted mean squared error, by a margin of up to 8.51%.
Ar-pumping Characteristics of Diode-type Sputter Ion Pumps with Various Shapes of "Ta/Ti" Cathode-pairs. (1992)

Ar-pumping characteristics of diode-type sputter ion pumps with various shapes of "Ta/Ti" cathode-pairs were measured by an orifice method. Every pump had 30 anode cells ( 24 mm, 28 mm in length) and 0.15 T of magnetic *
Heterotrimetallic RuMnMn Species on a Hydrotalcite Surface as Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Liquid‐Phase Oxidation of Alcohols with Molecular Oxygen (2005)

Robust and structurally defined on the atomic scale: A heterotrimetallic RuIVMnIVMnIV species coordinated to a hydrotalcite surface is a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the liquid-phase oxidation of various alcohols with 1 atm O2 as the sole oxidant (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z462600_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Nifedipine Does Not Impede Clenbuterol-Stimulated Muscle Hypertrophy (1999)

The mechanism(s) responsible for β2-adrenergic receptor-mediated skeletal muscle and cardiac hypertrophy remains undefined. This study examined whether calcium influx through L-type calcium channels contributed to the development of cardiac and skeletal muscle (plantaris; gastrocnemius; soleus) hypertrophy during an 8-day treatment with the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist clenbuterol. Concurrent blockade of L-type calcium channels with nifedipine did not reverse the hypertrophic action of clenbuterol. Moreover, nifedipine treatment alone resulted in both cardiac and soleus muscle hypertrophy (6% and 7%, respectively), and this effect was additive to the clenbuterol-mediated hypertrophy in the heart and soleus muscles. The hypertrophic effects of nifedipine were not associated with increases in total β-adrenergic receptor density, nor did nifedipine reverse clenbuterol-mediated β-adrenergic receptor downregulation in either the left ventricle or soleus muscle. Both nifedipine and clenbuterol-induced hypertrophy increased total protein content of the soleus and left ventricle, with no change in protein concentration. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that β2-adrenergic receptor agonist-induced muscle hypertrophy is mediated by mechanisms other than calcium influx through L-type calcium channels.
End-To-End Trainable Video Super-Resolution Based on a New Mechanism for Implicit Motion Estimation and Compensation (2020)

Video super-resolution aims at generating a high-resolution video from its low-resolution counterpart. With the rapid rise of deep learning, many recently proposed video super-resolution methods use convolutional neural networks in conjunction with explicit motion compensation to capitalize on statistical dependencies within and across low-resolution frames. Two common issues of such methods are noteworthy. Firstly, the quality of the final reconstructed HR video is often very sensitive to the accuracy of motion estimation. Secondly, the warp grid needed for motion compensation, which is specified by the two flow maps delineating pixel displacements in horizontal and vertical directions, tends to introduce additional errors and jeopardize the temporal consistency across video frames. To address these issues, we propose a novel dynamic local filter network to perform implicit motion estimation and compensation by employing, via locally connected layers, sample-specific and position-specific dynamic local filters that are tailored to the target pixels. We also propose a global refinement network based on ResBlock and autoencoder structures to exploit non-local correlations and enhance the spatial consistency of super-resolved frames. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art, and validate its strength in terms of local transformation handling, temporal consistency as well as edge sharpness.
Effect of thermal annealing on AlN films grown on sputtered AlN templates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2017)

To obtain low-dislocation-density c-plane AlN on sapphire, we have studied the annealing of AlN films at 1650 °C. We prepared an AlN film with a thickness of 20 nm by radio-frequency (RF) sputtering, on which an AlN epilayer with a thickness of 280 nm was grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) at different growth temperatures. Finally, the AlN film on sapphire was annealed at 1650 °C. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the X-ray rocking curve (XRC) for AlN(0002) was approximately 50 arcsec for all samples, whereas that for AlN() significantly decreased from 6500 to 350 arcsec after thermal annealing. A surface morphology with atomic steps and a terrace structure was clearly observed after thermal annealing. From these results, we concluded that a high-quality AlN film can be obtained by annealing a stacking structure of MOVPE-grown AlN (buffer layer)/sputtered AlN (nucleation layer)/sapphire substrate.
A comparison of blood pressure measurement over a sleeved arm versus a bare arm (2008)

We found that there was no significant difference in blood pressure recorded over a sleeve or on a bare arm. For practical purposes, the decision to measure blood pressure on a bare arm or over a sleeved arm should be left to the judgment of the health care professional taking the blood pressure.
Detection of phospholipid phase separation. A multifrequency phase fluorimetry study of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence. (1984)

Using multifrequency phase and modulation fluorometry and a nonlinear least-squares analysis of lifetime data, we were able to determine the complex decay of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) in synthetic phospholipid bilayers. Our results showed a monoexponential decay of DPH in the pure isotropic solvents studied, over a wide temperature range, and a double-exponential decay of DPH in phospholipids, both above and below the transition. During the transition, and in mixed-phase phospholipids, a three-component analysis was successfully accomplished, and the pre-exponential factors of the two main components have been shown to be quantitatively representative of the gel and liquid-crystalline phases of the bilayer. The fractional intensity of the shorter lifetime component depends on the modalities of the sample preparation. The factors affecting this component are discussed. From the DPH fluorescence lifetime and from the anisotropy data in L-alpha-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine/L-alpha-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidyl choline mixtures, a phase diagram was independently constructed. Conclusions about the sensitivity and the partition of the probe between gel and the liquid-crystalline phases of the bilayer are derived. Lifetime experiments on DPH in a L-alpha-dilauroyl-phosphatidylcholine/L-alpha-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylch oline mixture suggested a general method for the determination and quantitation of the two different phases in the bilayer.