gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Location Privacy in Mobile Systems: A Personalized Anonymization Model (2005)

This paper describes a personalized k-anonymity model for protecting location privacy against various privacy threats through location information sharing. Our model has two unique features. First, we provide a unified privacy personalization framework to support location k-anonymity for a wide range of users with context-sensitive personalized privacy requirements. This framework enables each mobile node to specify the minimum level of anonymity it desires as well as the maximum temporal and spatial resolutions it is willing to tolerate when requesting for k-anonymity preserving location-based services (LBSs). Second, we devise an efficient message perturbation engine which runs by the location protection broker on a trusted server and performs location anonymization on mobile users’ LBS request messages, such as identity removal and spatio-temporal cloaking of location information. We develop a suite of scalable and yet efficient spatio-temporal cloaking algorithms, called CliqueCloak algorithms, to provide high quality personalized location k-anonymity, aiming at avoiding or reducing known location privacy threats before forwarding requests to LBS provider(s). The effectiveness of our CliqueCloak algorithms is studied under various conditions using realistic location data synthetically generated using real road maps and traffic volume data.
Ibuprofen Modulates NF-ĸB Activity but Not IL-8 Production in Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Epithelial Cells (2009)

The present data do not support the hypothesis that ibuprofen down-regulates IL-8 production in response to TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in CF respiratory epithelium. Suppression of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity does not discriminate between anti-inflammatory drugs with or without effects on IL-8 production. We speculate that NF-kappaB-independent mechanisms may be responsible for anti-IL-8 effects of dexamethasone.
Qos in mobile a hoc networks (2003)

The widespread use of mobile and handheld devices is likely to popularize ad hoc networks, which do not require any wired infrastructure for intercommunication. The nodes of mobile ad hoc networks operate as end hosts as well as routers. They intercommunicate through single-hop and multihop paths in a peer-to-peer fashion. With the expanding scope of applications of MANETs, the need to support QoS in these networks is becoming essential. This article provides a survey of issues in supporting QoS in MANETs. We have considered a layered view of QoS provisioning in MANETs. In addition to the basic issues in QoS, the report describes the efforts on QoS support at each of the layers, starting from the physical anti going up to the application layer. A few proposals on interlayer approaches to QoS provisioning are also addressed. The article concludes with a discussion on the future directions and challenges in the areas of QoS support in MANETs.
<i>Erwinia stewartii</i> WtsA, a positive regulator of pathogenicity gene expression, is similar to <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. phaseolicola HrpS (1993)

Erwinia stewartii contains a large cluster of wts genes that are required by this bacterium for pathogenicity on corn plants. Three complementation groups within the right half of this cluster, wtsA, wtsC, and wtsB, were previously identified. In this study, WtsA was found to be a positive activator of wtsB::lacZ expression. The wtsA locus was sequenced and a single open reading frame is present within the wtsA locus, which has the capacity to encode a 323 amino acid polypeptide. A corresponding 38 kDa protein was observed in Escherichia coli minicells containing the cloned wtsA gene. The predicted WtsA polypeptide has significant similarity to HrpS from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, as well as other members of the NtrC class of prokaryotic regulatory proteins. Similar to other genes activated by NtrC regulators, wtsB::lacZ expression in E. coli was dependent upon rpoN.
Lazy garbage collection of recovery state for fault-tolerant distributed shared memory (2002)

In this paper, we address the problem of garbage collection in a single-failure fault-tolerant home-based lazy release consistency (HLRC) distributed shared-memory (DSM) system based on independent checkpointing and logging. Our solution uses laziness in garbage collection and exploits consistency constraints of the HLRC memory model for low overhead and scalability. We prove safe bounds on the state that must be retained in the system to guarantee correct recovery after a failure. We devise two algorithms for garbage collection of checkpoints and logs, checkpoint garbage collection (CGC), and lazy log trimming (LLT). The proposed approach targets large-scale distributed shared-memory computing on local-area clusters of computers. In such systems, using global synchronization or extra communication for garbage collection is inefficient or simply impractical due to system scale and temporary disconnections in communication. The challenge lies in controlling the size of the logs and the number of checkpoints without global synchronization while tolerating transient disruptions in communication. Our garbage collection scheme is completely distributed, does not force processes to synchronize, does not add extra messages to the base DSM protocol, and uses only the available DSM protocol information. Evaluation results for real applications show that it effectively bounds the number of past checkpoints to be retained and the size of the logs in stable storage.
Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ heterojunction bipolar transistors fabricated by limited reaction processing (2003)

The DC performance of Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) fabricated from epitaxial layers grown by limited reaction processing is presented. The highest gain ( approximately=400) device has a 20-nm, 31%-Ge base heavily doped with boron to a level of 7*10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/. Measurements of the collector current as a function of temperature yield values of the valence band discontinuity, Delta E/sub v/, for four different Ge compositions. The dependence of Delta E/sub v/ on Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ layer thickness was also measured and found to decrease as strain relaxation occurred.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Do readiness potentials happen all the time? (2019)

The Readiness Potential (RP) is a slow negative EEG potential found in the seconds preceding voluntary actions. Here, we explore whether the RP is found only at this time, or if it also occurs when no action is produced. Recent theories suggest the RP reflects the average of accumulated stochastic fluctuations in neural activity, rather than a specific signal related to self-initiated action: RP-like events should then be widely present, even in the absence of actions. We investigated this hypothesis by searching for RP-like events in background EEG of an appropriate dataset for which the action-locked EEG had previously been analysed to test other hypotheses [Khalighinejad, N., Brann, E., Dorgham, A., Haggard, P. Dissociating cognitive and motoric precursors of human self-initiated action. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2019, 1-14]. We used the actual mean RP as a template, and searched the entire epoch for similar neural signals, using similarity metrics that capture the temporal or spatial properties of the RP. Most EEG epochs contained a number of events that were similar to the true RP, but did not lead directly to any voluntary action. However, these RP-like events were equally common in epochs that eventually terminated in voluntary actions as in those where voluntary actions were not permitted. Events matching the temporal profile of the RP were also a poor match for the spatial profile, and vice versa. We conclude that these events are false positives, and do not reflect the same mechanism as the RP itself. Finally, applying the same template-search algorithm to simulated EEG data synthesized from different noise distributions showed that RP-like events will occur in any dataset containing the 1⁄f noise ubiquitous in EEG recordings. To summarise, we found no evidence of genuinely RP-like events at any time other than immediately prior to self-initiated actions. Our findings do not support a purely stochastic model of RP generation, and suggest that the RP may be a specific precursor of self-initiated voluntary actions.
Droplet expulsion from the respiratory tract. (1967)

The aerial transmission of infection involves three separate stages: production, transport, and reception of infective particles. The site of reception of a particle in the respiratory tract depends largely upon the size of the particle ( 1) . In the case of tuberculosis, for example, the airborne particles responsible for the initiation of infection are most probably of minute dimensions, of the order of a few microns (2). Aerial transport is also dependent upon particle size; only very small particles are maintained in aerial suspension for any length of time (3). The production of particles with infective potential is less well understood than is transport or reception. While Hare ( 4) has suggested that most infective particles are dispersed from the skin or clothing of the infector, it seems probable that for certain diseases, particularly tuberculosis, the infective particle of most importance is the droplet nucleus, derived by evaporation from droplets expelled directly into the air from the respiratory tract (5). A number of methods have been used in the past to determine the numbers and sizes of droplets expelled from the respiratory tract during various respiratory maneuvers (6--9). Methods involving light scattering have yielded useful information, but the resolution available using this method 1s somewhat limited. Duguid (7) conducted a series of experiments in which a marker microorganism or a dye was introduced into the mouth, and respiratory maneuvers were made into a closed chamber. Expelled particles were recovered by impaction, by settling, or by air sampling, and were recognized by the dye stain or by the growth of organisms. Buckland and Tyrrell (9) studied the dispersal of
Using Kohonen's Self-Organizing Feature Map to Uncover Automobile Bodily Injury Claims Fraud (1998)

Patrick L. Brockett, Xiaohua Xia, Richard A. Derrig, Using Kohonen's Self-Organizing Feature Map to Uncover Automobile Bodily Injury Claims Fraud, The Journal of Risk and Insurance, Vol. 65, No. 2 (Jun., 1998), pp. 245-274
From Natural Language Requirements to Executable Models of Software Components (2003)

The UniFrame approach to component-based software development assumes that concrete components are developed from a meta-model, called the Unified Meta-component Model, according to standardized domain models. Implicit in this development is the existence of a Platform Independent Model (PIM) that is transformed into a Platform Specific Model (PSM) under the principles of Model-Driven Architecture (MDA). This position paper advocates natural language as the starting point for developing the meta-model and representative domain models. The paper illustrates how natural language is mapped through the PIM to PSM using a formal system of rules expressed in a Two-Level Grammar (TLG). This allows software requirements to be progressed from domain logic to the implementation of components. The approach provides sufficient automation such that components may be modified at the model level, or even the natural language requirements level, as opposed to the code level.
Pyrimido[5,4‐<i>b</i>]quinolines. I. Synthesis of substituted tricyclic systems related to riboflavin (1972)

Abstract Two alternative synthetic routes were investigated for the synthesis of 2,4,10‐substituted‐7,8‐dimethylpyrimido[5,4‐ b ]quinolines: (1) cyclization of 5‐(3,4‐xylidino)‐2,4‐disubstituted‐pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylic acids, and (2) cyclization of N ‐5‐(2,4‐disuhstituted‐pyrimidinyl)‐4,5‐dimethylanthranilic acids. Route (1) invariably led to isomeric mixtures of the corresponding 7,8‐ and 8,9‐dimethylpyrimido[5,4‐ b ]quinolines which were difficult to separate, while route (2) yielded only the desired 7,8‐dimelhyl derivatives. The required intermediates were synthesized by Ullman‐type condensation of the appropriate pyrimidine and benzene derivatives. Cyclization with polyphosphoric acid, or phosphorus oxychloride (under various conditions) led to a number of new pyrimido[5,4‐ b ]quinoline derivatives, with oxo, methoxy and/or chloro substituents in the 2,4 and 10 positions. A mild, but effective chlorination procedure was developed for the chlorination of the 10‐(oxo) position without the cleavage of methoxyl groups at positions 2 and 4.
Friction Stir Spot Welding for Structural Aluminum Sheets (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) process is a derivative of the friction stir welding (FSW) process, without lateral movement of the tool during the welding process. It has been applied in the production of aluminum joining for various Mazda and Toyota vehicles. Most of the applications and published studies were concentrated in aluminum sheet in the range of 1.0 to 1.5 mm, suitable for non-structural automotive closure applications. The objective of this study is to study the feasibility of FSSW process for automotive structural aluminum joining, up to 3 mm in thickness, for potentially replacement of self-piercing rivets (SPR) process. Joining thicker aluminum with FSSW tooling with a typical smooth concave shoulder and threaded probing pin, requires long process time, which would not be appropriate in mass-production automotive body construction. In this paper, an innovative FSSW tool with grooved shoulder was developed. Results were demonstrated on FSSW of 2 mm 5754 alloy which reached 4 kN of lap-shear strength in 1.4 sec. Critical process parameters, including rotational speed (up to 4,500 rpm) and applied load (up to 15 kN), were studied to achieve higher joint strength and reduced process time. Cross-section micrographs were analyzed to investigate the joining mechanism. It was found that grooved-shoulder tool helped in agitating materials at interface and forming bonded joint larger and quicker than smooth-shoulder tool. Higher rotational speed and applied load were beneficial in reducing joining time.</div>
Review of In-Service Thermal Annealing of Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessels (1985)

Radiation embrittlement of ferritic pressure vessel steels increases the ductile-brittle transition temperature and decreases the upper-shelf level of toughness as measured by Charpy impact tests. A thermal anneal cycle well above the normal operating temperature of the vessel can restore most of the original Charpy V-notch energy properties. A test reactor pressure vessel has been wet annealed at less than 343°C (650°F), and annealing of the Belgian BR-3 reactor vessel has recently taken place. An industry survey indicates that dry annealing a reactor vessel in-place is feasible, but solvable engineering problems do exist. The materials with highest radiation sensitivity in the older reactor vessels are submerged-arc weld metals with high copper and nickel concentrations. The limited Charpy V-notch and fracture toughness data available for five such welds were reviewed. The review suggested that significant recovery results from annealing at 454°C (850°F) for one week. Two of the main concerns with a localized heat treatment at 454°C (850°F) are the degree of distortion that may occur after the annealing cycle and the extent of residual stresses. A thermal and structural analysis of a reactor vessel for distortions and residual stresses found no problems with the reactor vessel itself but did indicate a rotation at the nozzle region of the vessel that would plastically deform the attached primary piping. Further analytical studies are needed. An American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) task group is upgrading and revising the ASTM Recommended Guide for In-Service Annealing of Water-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Vessels (E 509-74) with emphasis on the materials and surveillance aspects of annealing rather than system engineering problems. System safety issues are the province of organizations other than ASTM (for example, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code body).
Controlling GPU-based Volume Rendering using Ray Textures (2008)

In this paper we introduce a novel approach to control different rendering parameters of volume ray casting. Since the introduction\nof ray casting implementations on programmable graphics hardware, both performance and flexibility have increased\nand are able to outperform texture-based techniques. In addition, by using rays for computing the volume integral instead of\nproxy geometry one has more control over local settings. Therefore, we employ dependent texture lookups to user editable 2D\ntextures, thus allowing for interactive parameter setting on a per-ray basis, at a negligible performance overhead on modern\ngraphics hardware. By those means we are able to control the volume rendering in a way not possible with proxy-based direct\nvolume rendering and demonstrate some exemplary uses.
The Emerging Synergy between Radioembolization, Systemic Chemotherapy, and Liver Surgery in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2007)

Unfortunately, only a small proportion – between 10 and 15% – of patients with liver metastases only are primary candidates for potentially curative liver resection, since surgery is limited to those with a good performance status, and those who fall within ‘limited disease criteria’ (generally four or fewer tumors in one lobe of In a […]
Identification of a new polyphosphoinositide in plants, phosphatidylinositol 5-monophosphate (PtdIns5P), and its accumulation upon osmotic stress (2001)

Polyphosphoinositides play an important role in membrane trafficking and cell signalling. In plants, two PtdInsP isomers have been described, PtdIns3P and PtdIns4P. Here we report the identification of a third, PtdIns5P. Evidence is based on the conversion of the endogenous PtdInsP pool into PtdIns(4,5)P(2) by a specific PtdIns5P 4-OH kinase, and on in vivo (32)P-labelling studies coupled to HPLC head-group analysis. In Chlamydomonas, 3-8% of the PtdInsP pool was PtdIns5P, 10-15% was PtdIns3P and the rest was PtdIns4P. In seedlings of Vicia faba and suspension-cultured tomato cells, the level of PtdIns5P was about 18%, indicating that PtdIns5P is a general plant lipid that represents a significant proportion of the PtdInsP pool. Activating phospholipase C (PLC) signalling in Chlamydomonas cells with mastoparan increased the turnover of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) at the cost of PtdIns4P, but did not affect the level of PtdIns5P. This indicates that PtdIns(4,5)P(2) is synthesized from PtdIns4P rather than from PtdIns5P during PLC signalling. However, when cells were subjected to hyperosmotic stress, PtdIns5P levels rapidly increased, suggesting a role in osmotic-stress signalling. The potential pathways of PtdIns5P formation are discussed.
Heat Treating of Irons and Steels (2014)

Volume 4D is a practical guide to heat treating irons and steels, and is particularly helpful in the context of selecting materials and determining part geometries and process plans. Filled with instructional information and data, it examines the effect of heat treating on the structure, properties, and performance potential of cast iron, carbon and low-alloy steels, tool steels, stainless steels, bearing steels, and gear steels. It also covers iron-base superalloys, structural steels, forged steels, boron and copper steels, and powder-metal alloys. For information on the print version of Volume 4D, ISBN: 978-1-62708-066-8, follow this link.
Effective Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 through a Combination of Short- or Long-Hairpin RNAs Targeting Essential Sequences for Retroviral Integration (2006)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) could provide a new therapeutic approach to treating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. For long-term suppression of HIV-1, emergence of siRNA escape variants must be controlled. Here, we constructed lentiviral vectors encoding short-hairpin RNAs (shRNA) corresponding to conserved target sequences within the integrase (int) and the attachment site (att) genes, both of which are essential for HIV-1 integration. Compared to shRNA targeting of the HIV-1 transcription factor tat (shTat), shRNA against int (shIN) or the U3 region of att (shU3) showed a more potent inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication in human CD4+ T cells. Infection with a high dose of HIV-1 resulted in the emergence of escape mutants during long-term culture. Of note, limited genetic variation was observed in the viruses resistant to shIN. A combination of shINs against wild-type and escape mutant sequences had a negative effect on their antiviral activities, indicating a potentially detrimental effect when administering multiple shRNA targeting the same region to combat HIV-1 variants. The combination of shIN and shU3 att exhibited the strongest anti-HIV-1 activity, as seen by complete abrogation of viral DNA synthesis and viral integration. In addition, a modified long-hairpin RNA spanning the 50 nucleotides in the shIN target region effectively suppressed wild-type and shIN-resistant mutant HIV-1. These results suggest that targeting of incoming viral RNA before proviral DNA formation occurs through the use of nonoverlapping multiple siRNAs is a potent approach to achieving sustained, efficient suppression of highly mutable viruses, such as HIV-1.
Improvement of a Wine <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Strain by a Breeding Program (1985)

Hybridization by spore conjugation was used to develop new and improved wine yeasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The procedure was achieved with diploid, homothallic strains with high sporulation frequency and high spore viability. The method was verified by crossing flocculent and non-H(2)S-forming strains. Single-spore descendants of the hybrids were studied by tetrad analysis with regard to the aforementioned characters and the other two winemaking traits, i.e., ethanol production and fermentation rate. A highly flocculent, non-H(2)S-forming wine yeast strain with a high fermentation rate and high ethanol production was obtained.
VHF frequency multiplier (1979)

Low-power step-recovery-diode frequency multiplier generates 361-MHz signal. Diode conducts when ac waveform is positive at its upper terminal. When voltage is negative, diode continues to conduct stored charge in its junction.
Self-Assembly of Gradient Concentric Rings via Solvent Evaporation from a Capillary Bridge (2006)

A drop of solution containing nonvolatile solute is allowed to evaporate from a sphere-on-flat geometry. Left behind is a striking pattern of gradient concentric rings with unprecedented regularity. The center-to-center distance between adjacent rings, lambda(C-C), and the height of the ring, h(d), are strongly affected by the concentration of the solution and the properties of the solvent. The nature of the formation of regular gradient ring patterns during the course of irreversible solvent evaporation is revealed through theoretical calculations based on the mass conservation of the solution.
A Systematic Approach to Reduce Process-Induced Shunts in Back-Contacted MC-Si Solar Cells (2006)

One of the main reasons why back-contact (PUM) cells stay somewhat behind in efficiency is because of their lower shunt resistance. A simple method was developed to determine the shunt resistance of the individual process-induced shunt paths. These contributions have led to an electrical model describing the process-induced shunt paths. Individual shunt paths were analysed in detail. Changes in processing were introduced to eliminate the shunting problems. These changes resulted in the shunt resistances beyond 5 kOmegacm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> on 225 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cells with industrial processing