gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light hydrocarbons in recent Texas continental shelf and slope sediments (1978)

The distributions of the concentrations of methane, ethene, ethane, propene, and propane in twelve 1‐to 2‐m‐long gravity cores for two transects from nearshore to midslope off the southwest Texas Gulf Coast are reported. Methane profiles exhibit maxima in the top 40 cm of sediment on the shelf, in contrast to downward increasing gradients in the slope region. Nearshore surface methane concentrations ranging from 50 to 400 μl (normal temperature and pressure) per liter pore water are apparently due to microbial production in sulfate‐free microenvironments such as fecal pellets in a near‐seawater sulfate environment. A decrease in sediment methane levels to less than 5 μl/l pore water in downslope sediments is attributed to reduced microbial activity due to lower organic contents and temperatures. Profiles of the saturated and unsaturated C 2 and C 3 hydrocarbons suggest that these gases are also microbially produced.
Timing algorithm for bolus chase MR digital subtraction angiography (1998)

To acquire multiple longitudinal locations in the lower extremity after a single contrast injection, appropriate table translation and contrast injection are required. An approximate model based on constant bolus velocity was developed to describe the space-time course of a contrast bolus in the lower extremity. This model was verified in dynamic MR angiograms acquired in a group of patients using time-resolved 2D MR digital subtraction angiography (MRDSA). From this contrast bolus passage model, a timing algorithm for table translation and contrast injection was developed for bolus chase MRDSA, subsequently validated in bolus chase 2D MRDSA experiments. All targeted major peripheral arteries were well depicted in bolus chase 2D MRDSA using this timing algorithm and a single 15-ml contrast dose.
Preparation and characterization of niosomes containing rifampicin for lung targeting (1995)

Niosomes (non-ionic, surfactant-based vesicles) containing rifampicin of 8-15 microns in diameter were prepared using Span-85 and cholesterol in various molar fractions. The process variables that could affect the physical characteristics of niosomes and in vitro release of the drug from the niosomes were studied and optimized. In vivo distribution studies of the prepared niosomes found that 65% of the drug could be localized in the lungs by controlling the niosome size.
Advanced IC packaging for the future applications (1998)

The performance of electronic equipment is improving rapidly. Portable electronic equipment requires smaller and thinner packaging systems for saving space and miniaturization. In addition, highly integrated, high-speed applications demand improved electrical performance to minimize noise effects. As a result of these considerations, the role of IC packaging has expanded from its traditional role of protecting the integrity and performance of an IC, to being a central factor in the development of electronic system concepts. In developing the optimum system, packaging technology must be a prime design consideration to ensure optimum performance, reliability, and cost. Soldering technology and Printed Wiring Board (PWB) routing density are two of the major technological issues facing miniaturized packaging systems today. Chip Scale Package (CSP), which is a new concept in packaging technology has been introduced. This is an ideal technology to enable the design and manufacture of the next generation of electronic equipment, while overcoming many of the technological issues facing system development.
Improving Fracture Conductivities with a Delayed Breaker System: A Case History (1991)

ABSTRACT A case study has been conducted on over 90 gas wells in West Texas to optimize fracture conductivity and well profitability. This study provides direct comparisons evaluating the effectiveness of treatments incorporating various designs and breaker systems. The wells stimulated with new designs focusing on methods to improve fracture conductivity have shown significant increases in production rates. These same wells have also shown improved clean-up properties, as compared to surrounding wells, by eliminating swabbing time and returning higher volumes of fracturing fluid. Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that realistic in-situ fracture conductivity values are significantly lower than previously thought. New testing procedures have concluded that proppant permeability values are greatly reduced when exposed to long term tests. Additionally, fluid damage and polymer concentration further impair these permeability numbers. When breaker concentrations are increased to a level to effectively degrade the concentrated polymer the rheology of the fluid will be adversely affected, thus sacrificing the execution of the treatment. New designs have evolved placing emphasis on proper fluid selection, increasing proppant volumes and concentrations, and improved breaker scheduling. Encapsulation techniques have been developed allowing a controlled delay of breaker activation until after the proppant is placed. Extremely high breaker concentrations are now obtainable without adversely effecting the rheological properties of the fracturing fluids.
Gradient infrared optical material prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process (1986)

An axial gradient, infrared optical material, ZnSxSe1−x, has been developed by codepositing ZnS and ZnSe in a controlled manner via a chemical vapor deposition process. This material has been characterized by measuring the compositional and refractive-index profiles, visible, and IR transmission, microstructure, and hardness. Axial index gradients produced thus far range from 0.024 to 0.066 mm−1 over a thickness of ~4 mm. An analytical model of the deposition process has been developed and successfully used to derive a deposition algorithm to produce specific index gradients.
A conserved heptamer upstream of the IgH promoter region octamer can be the site of a coordinate protein-DNA interaction (1988)

Immunoglobulin genes contain a conserved eight base sequence element 5' to the site of transcription initiation. This octamer can serve as a site for the binding of nuclear proteins which are presumably involved in the cell type specific expression of this family of genes. In studying the binding of nuclear proteins to this conserved sequence element, we have detected a protein interaction that involves, in addition to the octamer, nucleotides which are immediately upstream. We have characterized this additional contact as a sequence specific interaction with a heptameric sequence element (CTCATGA) that is conserved among Ig heavy chain promoters. Protein binding to the heptamer is unique in that it is dependent upon the proximity and orientation of, as well as protein interaction with, the conserved octamer.
Improved Generalized Intelligent Grinding Advisory System (1999)

Abstract The intelligent grinding advisory system (Shin et al., 1992), which was further expanded to the generalized intelligent grinding advisory system (GIGAS) by Vishnupad and Shin (1998), provides a novel way of incorporating heuristic knowledge, analytical equations, experimental data into optimization of grinding processes. The improvement of GIGAS, especially in the solution’s accuracy and convergence property for complex multi-modal processes, is sought in this study. A method of combining fuzzy rules is proposed with other modifications. Simulation studies with numerical examples and a cylindrical grinding process show that the improved fuzzy optimization algorithm can achieve numerical accuracy comparable to that of conventional optimization methods while it retains the benefits of the original GIGAS algorithm in computational efficiency, robustness and the ability to incorporate heuristic knowledge. Finally, the improved GIGAS, constructed by combining the improved optimization algorithm with the generalized grinding models, is presented.
Comparison of pulsed electron beam-annealed and pulsed ruby laser-annealed ion-implanted silicon. [100keV As/sup +/] (1978)

Recently two new techniques, pulsed electron beam annealing and pulsed laser annealing, have been developed for processing ion-implanted silicon. These two types of anneals have been compared using ion-channeling, ion back-scattering, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Single crystal samples were implanted with 100 keV As/sup +/ ions to a dose of approx. 1 x 10/sup 16/ ions/cm/sup 2/ and subsequently annealed by either a pulsed Ruby laser or a pulsed electron beam. Our results show in both cases that the near-surface region has melted and regrown epitaxially with nearly all of the implanted As (97 to 99%) incroporated onto lattice sites. The analysis indicates that the samples are essentially defect free and have complete electrical recovery.
Onsite CO<sub>2</sub> Capture from Flue Gas by an Adsorption Process in a Coal-Fired Power Plant (2012)

The feasibility and efficiency of adsorption technology were evaluated experimentally and theoretically for CO2 capture from the flue gas in an existing coal-fired power plant, where a three-bed VPSA unit was set up to test 282 kg of adsorbent materials. In this work, the experimental results are reported for zeolite 5A as the adsorbent. The composition of the flue gas after dehydration was 15.0 vol % CO2, 76.5 vol % N2, and 8.5 vol % O2. With a three-bed seven-step VPSA process including rinse and pressure equalization steps, 85% CO2 was obtained with recovery of 79% from flue gas at a feed flow rate of 46.0 Nm3/h. The experimentally measured energy consumption was 2.37 MJ/(kg of CO2). The experimental work was compared with numerical simulations through the multibed VPSA modeling framework developed in a previous work. The simulated results were found to agree well with the experimental results.
Design and Performance of a Broad-Band FM Demodulator with Frequency Compression (1962)

This paper contains a discussion of several major problem areas concerning the design, construction, systems application and threshold improving properties of the Frequency Compression Demodulator. A complete description of an experimental broad-band demodulator is presented. This demodulator is intended for use in an intercontinental satellite communication system and is suitable for either television or telephone service. Circuit details, performance data, and a measured comparison with FM are presented.
3D printing bone models extracted from medical imaging data (2014)

Additive manufacturing in the form of 3D printing is becoming more common with the rise of low-cost hobby machines which makes research in the field of medicine more accessible. This article explores and experiments with methods of producing three dimensional replicas of body parts as education material from the medical imaging data of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Sequence tagged site (STS) Taql RFLP at dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) (1991)

Journal Article Sequence tagged site (STS) Taql RFLP at dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) Get access J. Gelernter, J. Gelernter Yale University School of Medicine and West Haven VA Medicine CenterPsychiatry 116A, West Spring Street, West Haven, CT 06516 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P.V. Gejman, P.V. Gejman 1National Institute of Mental HealthBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Bisighini, S. Bisighini Yale University School of Medicine and West Haven VA Medicine CenterPsychiatry 116A, West Spring Street, West Haven, CT 06516 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K.K. Kidd K.K. Kidd 2Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Human GeneticsNew Haven, CT, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 8, 25 April 1991, Page 1957, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.8.1957 Published: 25 April 1991 Article history Received: 06 December 1990 Published: 25 April 1991
Development of the <i>Drosophila</i> tracheal system occurs by a series of morphologically distinct but genetically coupled branching events (1996)

The tracheal (respiratory) system of Drosophila melanogaster is a branched network of epithelial tubes that ramifies throughout the body and transports oxygen to the tissues. It forms by a series of sequential branching events in each hemisegment from T2 to A8. Here we present a cellular and initial genetic analysis of the branching process. We show that although branching is sequential it is not iterative. The three levels of branching that we distinguish involve different cellular mechanisms of tube formation. Primary branches are multicellular tubes that arise by cell migration and intercalation; secondary branches are unicellular tubes formed by individual tracheal cells; terminal branches are subcellular tubes formed within long cytoplasmic extensions. Each level of branching is accompanied by expression of a different set of enhancer trap markers. These sets of markers are sequentially activated in progressively restricted domains and ultimately individual tracheal cells that are actively forming new branches. A clonal analysis demonstrates that branching fates are not assigned to tracheal cells until after cell division ceases and branching begins. We further show that the breathless FGF receptor, a tracheal gene required for primary branching, is also required to activate expression of markers involved in secondary branching and that the pointed ETS-domain transcription factor is required for secondary branching and also to activate expression of terminal branch markers. The combined morphological, marker expression and genetic data support a model in which successive branching events are mechanistically and genetically distinct but coupled through the action of a tracheal gene regulatory hierarchy.
Attacking Graph-based Classification via Manipulating the Graph Structure (2019)

Graph-based classification methods are widely used for security and privacy analytics. Roughly speaking, graph-based classification methods include collective classification and graph neural network. Evading a graph-based classification method enables an attacker to evade detection in security analytics and can be used as a privacy defense against inference attacks. Existing adversarial machine learning studies mainly focused on machine learning for non-graph data. Only a few recent studies touched adversarial graph-based classification methods. However, they focused on graph neural network methods, leaving adversarial collective classification largely unexplored. We aim to bridge this gap in this work. We first propose a threat model to characterize the attack surface of a collective classification method. Specifically, we characterize an attacker's background knowledge along three dimensions: parameters of the method, training dataset, and the complete graph; an attacker's goal is to evade detection via manipulating the graph structure. We formulate our attack as a graph-based optimization problem, solving which produces the edges that an attacker needs to manipulate to achieve its attack goal. Moreover, we propose several approximation techniques to solve the optimization problem. We evaluate our attacks and compare them with a recent attack designed for graph neural networks. Results show that our attacks 1) can effectively evade graph-based classification methods; 2) do not require access to the true parameters, true training dataset, and/or complete graph; and 3) outperform the existing attack for evading collective classification methods and some graph neural network methods. We also apply our attacks to evade Sybil detection using a large-scale Twitter dataset and apply our attacks as a defense against attribute inference attacks using a large-scale Google+ dataset.
Impact of machine‐type communications on energy and delay performance of random access channel in LTE‐advanced (2013)

ABSTRACT Machine‐type communications (MTC) are a rapidly growing technology, which is expected to generate significant revenues to mobile network operators. In particular, smart grid is predicted to become one of the key MTC use cases that involves unattended meters autonomously reporting information to a grid infrastructure. With this research, we consider a typical smart metering MTC application scenario in the context of 3GPP LTE‐advanced wireless cellular system featuring a large number of devices connecting to the network near‐simultaneously. The resulting overload of the random access channel requires a novel evaluation methodology based on comprehensive analysis and simulations. In this paper, we target to complement a validated evaluation framework fully compatible with the 3GPP test cases with a thorough analysis of random access channel performance in overloaded MTC scenarios. We also look at the regular MTC operation, when the devices are sending their data after initial network entry has been performed. By including energy consumption into our methodology together with the conventional performance metrics, we aim at providing a complete and unified insight into MTC device operation, including its energy efficiency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high fidelity small-sized loudspeaker (1997)

Although bass sound reproduction through a small-sized loudspeaker requires large diaphragm displacement, the conventional supporting system cannot vibrate at an amplitude large enough for high-quality bass sound reproduction. A new supporting system is proposed which solves the problem of the conventional supporting system and focuses on the high excursion supporting system in terms of structure and displacement mechanism, in comparison with the conventional system. Using the supporting system with improved amplitude linearity and a driving system with a high force factor, a small-sized loudspeaker 8 cm in diameter has been developed. Despite the small diameter, this loudspeaker provides a large diaphragm displacement of /spl plusmn/8 mm, and therefore has superior bass sound reproduction characteristics.
Propriétés catalytiques des zéolithes NaY partiellement échangées par des ions Cu<sup>2+</sup> et différemment activées, vis-à-vis de la migration de la double liaison du 1-butène (1973)

La migration de la double liaison du 1-butène est utilisée comme réaction test pour caractériser les propriétés catalytiques qui apparaissent lorsqu’une fraction des ions Na+ d’une zéolithe NaY est échangée par des ions Cu2+. L’usage d’un nouveau réacteur, décrit par ailleurs, a permis de déterminer les paramètres cinétiques de la réaction.
The Bone Mineral Densities in Patients with Hemiplegic Stroke (2003)

Objective: Stroke patient are prone to fall and, therefore, frequently get fractures, especially at the hip joint of the hemiplegic side, which is often osteoporotic. So osteoporosis in hemiplegic stroke patients is an important clinical problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the mode of the development of osteoporosis in hemiplegic stroke patients and define the relationship between functional status and bone mineral densities (BMDs). Method: The subjects were 21 hemiplegic stroke patients, 11 men, 10 women, age 60.38.4 years and 21 age and sex matched controls. We measured BMDs in patients, and compared BMDs of the affected and unaffected sides, and compared BMDs of each affected and unaffected sides with controls, and evaluate the relationship between BMDs with functional parameters. Results: Stroke patients have high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia, and affected side BMDs of patients were lower in upper and lower limbs compared with the controls. BMDs of the affected side were lower for the upper and lower limbs compared with the unaffected side. Conclusion: Stroke patients have high prevalence of osteoporosis. Therefore early rehabilitative care, including weightbearing and outdoor ambulation, is essential for hemiplegic stroke patients in order to prevent possible complications, especially osteoporotic fractures.
GlidArc-Assisted Production of Synthesis Gas Through Propane Partial Oxidation (2003)

Commercial propane can contain up to 300 ppm of Sulfur so that reforming technologies based on catalytic processes can not be directly applied without prior cleaning of such a feed in order to avoid the reformer’s catalyst poisoning (while some Solid Oxide Fuel Cells can accept Sulfur-polluted syngas). We run our reforming process in a presence of high-voltage discharges (called GlidArc) that assist the Partial Oxidation of pure or polluted propane. Electric consumption for this non-catalytic reformer is less than 2% of a Fuel Cell electric output. Recycling such a small portion of the electric energy is, in our opinion, an acceptable compromise as our active (and also very simple) GlidArc discharges play a role of an igniter and homogeneous phase catalyst; they also stabilize a post-plasma zone of our reformer. Our 1-Liter reactor works at atmospheric pressure and needs less than 100 W of electric assistance to produce up to 3 m3(n)/h of pure syngas corresponding to about 10 kW of electric power of an ideal Fuel Cell. The propane is totally reformed at more than 70% energetic efficiency and at the total absence of soot.
Preparation of amphiphilic polyisobutylenes‐b‐polyethylenamines by mannich reaction. III. Synthesis of polyisobutylenes‐b‐polyethylenamines (1993)

Abstract Copolymers associating α‐phenololigoisobutylene and triethylenetetramine blocks in the same chain are prepared by reacting aqueous formaldehyde with α‐phenololigoisobutylene and triethylenetetramine. When para ‐formaldehyde is used instead of monomeric formaldehyde, the reaction does not take place, contrary to what is observed when low molecular weight models are used instead of oligomers. The ability of these copolymers to disperse sludges in motor oil was evaluated by the “spot‐test” method. When oil does not contain water, the efficiency of the copolymers is comparable to that of commercial compounds. When oil contains water (1% w) the efficiency of the dispersive agent is drastically reduced. We show that this is due to the presence of phenol group. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
<title>Robust face identification scheme: KL expansion of an invariant feature space</title> (1992)

This paper proposes a new approach for extracting features from face images that offer robust face identification against image variations. We combine the K-L expansion technique with two new operations that transform the face pattern into an invariant feature space. The two operations are the affine transformation which yields a standard face view from the input face image, and its transformation into the Fourier spectrum domain, which develops the property of shift-invariance. Although the basic idea of applying the K-L expansion to extract features for face recognition originates from the eigenface approach proposed by Turk and Pentland our scheme offers superior performance due to the transformation into the invariant feature space. The performance of the two schemes for face identification against various imaging conditions is compared.
Microstructure and properties of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiC-Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub>composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering (2010)

Abstract Highly densified Al2O3-TiC-Ti3SiC2 composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering technique and subsequently characterised. From fracture surface observation, it is found that Al2O3 is 0·2-0·4 μm, TiC is 1-1·5 μm and Ti3SiC2 is 1·5-5 μm in grain size. With the increase in Ti3SiC2 volume contents, Vickers hardness of the composites decreases because of the low hardness of monolithic Ti3SiC2. The fracture toughness rises remarkably when the contents of Ti3SiC2 increase, which is attributed to the pullout and microplastic deformation of Ti3SiC2 grains. At the same time, the flexural strength of the composites shows a considerable improvement as well. The electrical conductivity rises significantly as the Ti3SiC2 contents increase because of the formation of Ti3SiC2 network and the increase in conductive phase contents.