gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Midfrequency disturbance suppression via micro-actuator in dual-stage HDDs (2002)

In hard disk drives (HDDs), it is difficult for the single-stage servo system to suppress the disturbance within the midfrequency band (1-3 kHz) because of the limited servo bandwidth. This article presents a dual-stage control design using a peak filter to deal with the midfrequency narrow-band disturbances caused by disk flutter or windage. The technique of initializing the states of the peak filter is proposed to preserve the smoothness of transient response when the dual-stage servo loop is switched on from track-seeking to track-following. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed dual-stage control scheme could effectively suppress the midfrequency disturbance without compromising the settling performance. This method would enhance the disturbance attenuation of the dual-stage servo system for higher track density in HDDs.
Optimization and Internalization Mechanisms of PEGylated Adenovirus Vector with Targeting Peptide for Cancer Gene Therapy (2012)

We have previously developed a novel adenovirus vector (Adv) that targeted tumor tissues/vasculatures after systemic administration. The surface of this Adv is conjugated with CGKRK tumor homing peptide by the cross-linking reaction of polyethyleneglycol (PEG). In this study, we showed that the condition of PEG modification was important to minimize the gene expression in normal tissues after systemic treatment. When Adv was modified only with PEG-linked CGKRK, its luciferase expression was enhanced even in the liver tissue, as well as the tumor tissue. However, in the reaction with the mixture of non-cross-linking PEG and PEG-linked CGKRK, we found out that the best modification could suppress its gene expression in the liver, without losing that in the tumor. We also studied the internalization mechanisms of CGKRK-conjugated Adv. Results suggested that there is a specific interaction of the CGKRK peptide with a receptor at the cell surface enabling efficient internalization of CGKRK-conjugated Adv. The presence of cell-surface heparan sulfate is important receptor for the cellular binding and uptake of CGKRK-conjugated Adv. Moreover, macropinocytosis-mediated endocytosis is also important in endocytosis of CGKRK-conjugated Adv, aside from clathrin-mediated and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. These results could help evaluate the potentiality of CGKRK-conjugated Adv as a prototype vector with suitable efficacy and safety for systemic cancer gene therapy.
A verifiable, autonomous satellite control system (2003)

The authors describe an autonomous embedded expert system for satellite-based electronic control systems using multiple sensors. The autonomous expert control system methodology was developed with emphasis on expert system verification. It was demonstrated with a multisensor satellite thermal control subsystem responsible for real-time health and status monitoring, subsystem commanding, and decision assistance. A propositional logic rule base was used to create a rule structure that can be verified and easily transferred into a hardware implementation. The 400 propositional logic rule demonstration of the thermal control subsystem showed the feasibility and testability of the compact expert system approach for autonomous embedded applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electronic Commerce Applications Based on Virtual Reality Technology (2012)

Many Internet users browse the e-commerce web pages but buy nothing. One of the important factors is that Internet users lost the shopping desire when they are facing the old e-commerce trading platform which consists of the list of good catalogue. So lots of people still like to go to the traditional shopping center. The most important characteristic of e-commerce is that people can buy all kinds of goods without leaving home. If we combine the 3D environment of traditional shopping mall with the e-commerce characteristics, it will induce people's shopping desire and give a new birth to the ecommerce. No doubt the virtual reality application in ecommerce is promising. As exploration, this article conceives a Web 3D shopping mall, discusses the application of virtual reality technology in the e-commerce, and describes the Web supporting technology at current stage.
Temperature-independent transport in high-mobility pentacene transistors (1998)

The charge-carrier transport mechanism in the organic semiconductor pentacene is explored using thin-film transistor structures. The variation of the field-effect mobility with temperature differs from sample to sample, ranging from thermally activated to temperature-independent behavior. This result excludes thermally activated hopping as the fundamental transport mechanism in pentacene thin films, and suggests that traps and/or contact effects may strongly influence the observed characteristics. These results also indicate that field-effect transistors may not be appropriate vehicles for illuminating basic transport mechanisms in organic materials.
16th International Conference on Advance Material & Nanotechnology (2019)

Advance and Nanomaterial Conference 2019 (ICANM9) is the ninth in our biennial series of meetings that focus on the latest research in advanced materials and nanotechnology. We delightfully invite you to the ''9th International Conference on Advance & Nanomaterial'' is going to be held on September 18-19, 2019 at San Diego, USA
Commercial applications of perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) technology. Revision (1991)

Tracer technology can be successfully applied to many leak-checking and monitoring evaluations of operating systems (e.g., building HVACs), manufacturing processes and products (e.g., air conditioners), and subsurface components and systems (e.g., underground storage tanks). Perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) technology is the most sensitive of all tracer technologies because the ambient background levels of the five (5) routinely-used PFTs are in the range of parts per 10{sup 15} parts of air (i.e., parts per quadrillion-ppq) and this technology`s instrumentation can measure down to those levels. The effectiveness of this technology is achieved both in terms of cost (very little PFT need to be used) and detectability; for example, very small leaks can be rapidly detected. The PFT compounds, which are environmentally and biologically safe to use, are commercially available as are the sampling and analysis instrumentation. This presentation concerns (1) the steps being taken to commercialize this technology, (2) new applications of processes currently under study, and (3) applications in areas of use that will be particularly beneficial to the environment. 21 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Frequency-Dependent Representation of Reinforcement-Related Information in the Human Medial and Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (2015)

The feedback-related negativity (FRN) is a commonly observed potential in scalp electroencephalography (EEG) studies related to the valence of feedback about a subject's performance. This potential classically manifests as a negative deflection in medial frontocentral EEG contacts following negative feedback. Recent work has shown prominence of theta power in the spectral composition of the FRN, placing it within the larger class of "frontal midline theta" cognitive control signals. Although the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is thought to be the cortical generator of the FRN, conclusive data regarding its origin and propagation are lacking. Here we examine intracranial electrophysiology from the human medial and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) to better understand the anatomical localization and communication patterns of the FRN. We show that the FRN is evident in both low- and high-frequency local field potentials (LFPs) recorded on electrocorticography. The FRN is larger in medial compared with lateral PFC, and coupling between theta band phase and high-frequency LFP power is also greater in medial PFC. Using Granger causality and conditional mutual information analyses, we provide evidence that feedback-related information propagates from medial to lateral PFC, and that this information transfer oscillates with theta-range periodicity. These results provide evidence for the dACC as the cortical source of the FRN, provide insight into the local computation of frontal midline theta, and have implications for reinforcement learning models of cognitive control.
Association of Serum Vitamin Levels, LDL Susceptibility to Oxidation, and Autoantibodies Against MDA-LDL With Carotid Atherosclerosis (1997)

Oxidative modification of LDL is believed to be a crucial step in atherosclerosis. Thus, antioxidant vitamins may have a role in the prevention of coronary disease. We examined the cross-sectional association of serum vitamin levels, the susceptibility of LDL to hemin-induced oxidation (lag phase to conjugated diene formation), and the malondialdehyde-LDL (MDA-LDL) to native LDL radioactivity binding ratio with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a measure of asymptomatic early atherosclerosis. The participants in this observational study were 231 asymptomatic age-, sex-, race-, and field center-matched case-control pairs selected from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study cohort on the basis of B-mode carotid artery ultrasonograms obtained from 1986 through 1989. Cases exceeded the 90th percentile of IMT, and control subjects were below the 75th percentile of IMT for all arterial segments. Biochemical analyses were performed on fasting frozen (-70 degrees C) serum specimens collected from 1990 through 1992. In conditional logistic regression adjusting for age, blood storage time, total cholesterol, and log-triglyceride concentrations, serum beta-cryptoxanthin and lutein plus zeaxanthin levels were inversely related to the extent of atherosclerosis (odds ratio [OR] per 1-SD increase: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-0.94; and OR per 1-SD increase: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.95, respectively). Increases in alpha-carotene and lycopene were associated with nonsignificantly lower odds of being a case, whereas beta-carotene, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol were unrelated to IMT. Although not reaching statistical significance, the lag phase and autoantibodies against MDA-LDL were positively associated with asymptomatic atherosclerosis. After adjustment for potential confounders, only the inverse association of lutein plus zeaxanthin with asymptomatic atherosclerosis was maintained. This study supports a modest inverse association between circulating levels of some carotenoids, particularly lutein plus zeaxanthin, and carotid IMT. These findings suggest that these carotenoid compounds (regarded as biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake) may be important in early stages of atherosclerosis.
Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysis in Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions (2004)

We describe examples of highly regio- and enantioselective nitrile oxide cycloadditions to unsaturated alkenes using substoichiometric amounts of a chiral Lewis acid. Pyrazolidinones proved to be effective achiral templates in the cycloadditions providing C-adducts typically in >30:1 selectivity and 80-99% ee. To avoid potential problems involving coordination of the Lewis acid by amine bases, we have devised a novel method for the generation of unstable nitrile oxides from hydroximinoyl chlorides using Amberlyst 21 as the base.
Coupled Atomistic/Discrete Dislocation Simulations of Nanoindentation at Finite Temperature (2005)

Simulations of nanoindentation in single crystals are performed using a finite temperature coupled atomistic/continuum discrete dislocation (CADD) method. This computational method for multiscale modeling of plasticity has the ability of treating dislocations as either atomistic or continuum entities within a single computational framework. The finite-temperature approach here inserts a Nose-Hoover thermostat to control the instantaneous fluctuations of temperature inside the atomistic region during the indentation process. The method of thermostatting the atomistic region has a significant role on mitigating the reflected waves from the atomistic/continuum boundary and preventing the region beneath the indenter from overheating. The method captures, at the same time, the atomistic mechanisms and the long-range dislocation effects without the computational cost of full atomistic simulations. The effects of several process variables are investigated, including system temperature and rate of indentation. Results and the deformation mechanisms that occur during a series of indentation simulations are discussed.
Optimal segmentation of signals and its application to image denoising and boundary feature extraction (2005)

An optimal procedure for segmenting one-dimensional signals whose parameters are unknown and change at unknown times is presented. The method is maximum likelihood segmentation, which is computed using dynamic programming. In this procedure, the number of segments of the signal need not be known a priori but is automatically chosen by the minimum description length rule. The signal is modeled as unknown DC levels and unknown jump instants with an example chosen to illustrate the procedure. This procedure is applied to image denoising and boundary feature extraction. Because the proposed method uses the global information of the whole image, the results are more robust and reasonable than those obtained through classical procedures which only consider local information. The possible directions for improvement are discussed in the conclusion.
Unsupervised testing strategies for ASR (2011)

This paper describes unsupervised strategies for estimating relative accuracy differences between acoustic models or language models used for automatic speech recognition. To test acoustic models, the approach extends ideas used for unsupervised discriminative training to include a more explicit validation on held out data. To test language models, we use a dual interpretation of the same process, this time allowing us to measure differences by exploiting expected ‘truth gradients’ between strong and weak acoustic models. The paper shows correlations between supervised and unsupervised measures across a range of acoustic model and language model variations. We also use unsupervised tests to assess the non-stationary nature of mobile speech input. Index Terms: speech recognition, unsupervised testing, nonstationary distributions
AUTOMATED TITRATIONS WITH AN ALTERNATE FLOW, LINEAR SPEED, VARIATION SYSTEM. APPLICATIONS TO AMPEROMETRIC, BIAMPEROMETRIC, AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC TITRATIONS (2002)

ABSTRACT The “alternate flow” method was recently proposed as a solution to the problem connected to the requirement of frequent calibrations of systems utilizing peristaltic pumps. This method was successfully applied to amperometric titrations of the ferrous–ceric system, biamperometric titrations of arsenite–iodine and thiosulfate–iodine systems, and spectrophotometric titrations of ferrous–permanganate and arsenite–iodine systems. Equivalence point determination is possible in the micromolar range of concentrations. Titration times and sample volumes are of the order of 3 min and 3 mL, respectively; in titrations where the concentrations of sample and titrant solution are similar; results indicate accuracy better than 1%. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to Professor Magda Ariel for support of this work and for helpful discussions and the to Fund for the Promotion of Research at the Technion for financial support.
The Removal of Copper Ions from Mine Water by Flotation Method utilizing Xanthate as the Selective Precipitant (1972)

In a previous paper dealing with the removal of Cd2+ ions with xanthate, it was shown that xanthate was excellent as a selective precipitant and that Cd2+ ions could be removed selectively from mine water containing appreciable amount of Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions. It is the purpose of this paper to report some results on the removal of Cu2+ ions by use of xanthate.The residual concentration of Cu2+ ions can be reduced to the water quality criterion by use of suitable amount of methyl xanthate. The use of excess amount of methyl xanthate, however tends to decrease the removal per cent of Cu2+ ions. Analysis of Cu2+ ions in the filtrates of residual solution of flotation indicates that the decrease in the removal per cent of Cu2+ ions is ascribed to the suspended fine particles of Cu-xanthate precipitates. The dispersion of fine particles of Cu-xanthate becomes appreciable when the peripheral speed of the impeller of flotator was small. The effect of aeration by which Cu-xanthate particles are flocculated may be interpreted in terms of “pseudo-flocculation”, i. e. the flocculation of particles through air bubbles.The influence of coexisting ions such as Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions on the removal of Cu2+ ions with methyl xanthate is smaller than that on the removal of Cd2+ ions with iso-butyl xanthate.There are many cases where mine water contains both Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions. Accordingly, in the case of removal of Cd2+ ions from mine water by use of higher xanthates, an amount of higher xanthates that are expensive is consumed by coexisting Cu2+ ions. In order to reduce the amount of expensive higher xanthate, it is recommended that Cu2+ ions are removed by methyl xanthate prior to the removal of Cd2+ ions with higher xanthate.In the system containing both Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions, Cd2+ ions are coprecipitated with Cu-methyl xanthate. The dosage of methyl xanthate which is used to remove Cu2+ ions should be minimized in order to avoid the coprecipitation of Cd2+ ions. Thus, after removing Cu2+ ions by methyl xanthate 1.25 equivalent to Cu2+ ions (in the case where initial concentration of Cu2+ ions is 10mg/l) or 1.5 equivalent to Cu2+ ions (in the case where initial concentration of Cu2+ ions is 3mg/l), Cd2+ ions, the initial concentration of which is 1mg/l, can be reduced to the water quality criterion by the addition of iso-butyl xanthate 2.5-3.0 equivalent to Cd2+ ions.
From the Design to the Clinical Application of Thromboxane Modulators (2006)

Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites are key mediators involved in the pathogenesis of numerous cardiovascular, pulmonary, inflammatory, and thromboembolic diseases. One of these bioactive metabolites of particular importance is thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)). It is produced by the action of thromboxane synthase on the prostaglandin endoperoxide H(2) (PGH(2)) which results from the enzymatic transformation of AA by the cyclooxygenases. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction, and has been involved in a series of major pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, TXA(2) receptor antagonists, thromboxane synthase inhibitors and drugs combining both properties have been developed by different laboratories since the early 1980s. Several compounds have been launched on the market and others are under clinical evaluation. In the first part of this review, we will describe the physiological properties of TXA(2), thromboxane synthase and thromboxane receptors. The second part is dedicated to a description of each class of thromboxane modulators with the advantages and disadvantages they offer. In the third part, we aim to describe recent studies performed with the most interesting thromboxane modulators in major pathologies: myocardial infarction and thrombosis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, pulmonary embolism, septic shock, preeclampsia, and asthma. Each pathology will be systematically reviewed. Finally, in the last part we will highlight the latest perspectives in drug design of thromboxane modulators and in their future therapeutic applications such as cancer, metastasis and angiogenesis.
RecA-Mediated Affinity Capture: A Method for Full-Length cDNA Cloning (1999)

We describe an improved method for rapid cloning of full-length cDNA from cDNA libraries. This approach is based on the ability of Escherichia coli RecA protein to form a stable nucleoprotein complex with a linear single-stranded DNA probe and homologous sequences in circular double-stranded DNA. Hybridization of RecA-coated biotinylated DNA probes to homologous plasmid DNA creates triple-stranded complexes, which are then captured on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. Following magnetic separation of the hybrid molecules, the enriched plasmid population is recovered by alkaline treatment, precipitated, resuspended and used to transform bacteria. Typically, many clones can then be recovered by colony hybridization screening of a single plate of the enriched library. We have used this technology to clone full-length and alternatively spliced forms of the human bcl-xL cDNA from a human liver cDNA library.
Describing Videos using Multi-modal Fusion (2016)

Describing videos with natural language is one of the ultimate goals of video understanding. Video records multi-modal information including image, motion, aural, speech and so on. MSR Video to Language Challenge provides a good chance to study multi-modality fusion in caption task. In this paper, we propose the multi-modal fusion encoder and integrate it with text sequence decoder into an end-to-end video caption framework. Features from visual, aural, speech and meta modalities are fused together to represent the video contents. Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM-RNNs) are then used as the decoder to generate natural language sentences. Experimental results show the effectiveness of multi-modal fusion encoder trained in the end-to-end framework, which achieved top performance in both common metrics evaluation and human evaluation.
<title>Design and fabrication of diffractive optical elements for beam shaping and imaging</title> (1993)

New technologies for fabricating optical micro- and nanostructures enable the realization of planar diffractive optical elements (DOEs). Almost any structure shape, including non- rotational aspherics, can be manufactured, which provides all degrees of freedom for the design. This paper summarizes the design nd fabrication of DOEs for beam shaping and imaging. Selected applications include holographic laser scanners, 2-D fan-out elements by continuous surface relief-elements, and beam shaping of high-power laser diode arrays.