gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of New Zealand Kanuka, Manuka and Clover Honeys on Bacterial Growth Dynamics and Cellular Morphology Varies According to the Species (2013)

Treatment of chronic wounds is becoming increasingly difficult due to antibiotic resistance. Complex natural products with antimicrobial activity, such as honey, are now under the spotlight as alternative treatments to antibiotics. Several studies have shown honey to have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity at concentrations present in honey dressings, and resistance to honey has not been attainable in the laboratory. However not all honeys are the same and few studies have used honey that is well defined both in geographic and chemical terms. Here we have used a range of concentrations of clover honey and a suite of manuka and kanuka honeys from known geographical locations, and for which the floral source and concentration of methylglyoxal and hydrogen peroxide potential were defined, to determine their effect on growth and cellular morphology of four bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While the general trend in effectiveness of growth inhibition was manuka>manuka-kanuka blend>kanuka>clover, the honeys had varying and diverse effects on the growth and cellular morphology of each bacterium, and each organism had a unique response profile to these honeys. P. aeruginosa showed a markedly different pattern of growth inhibition to the other three organisms when treated with sub-inhibitory concentrations of honey, being equally sensitive to all honeys, including clover, and the least sensitive to honey overall. While hydrogen peroxide potential contributed to the antibacterial activity of the manuka and kanuka honeys, it was never essential for complete growth inhibition. Cell morphology analysis also showed a varied and diverse set of responses to the honeys that included cell length changes, cell lysis, and alterations to DNA appearance. These changes are likely to reflect the different regulatory circuits of the organisms that are activated by the stress of honey treatment.
A plate assay method for the detection of fungal polygalacturonase secretion (1988)

A method for the detection of polygalacturonase activity has been developed using ruthenium red staining of fungal colonies on polygalacturonate-agarose plates. Ruthenium red was shown to penetrate beneath the surface layers of the gel, in the regions surrounding a fungal colony where degradation of polygalacturonate had occurred. Without degradation of polygalacturonate ruthenium red did not penetrate the medium, was restricted to binding to the surface layers and was easily washed off. The medium containing undegraded polygalacturonate was a colourless clear background and areas of polygalacturonate degradation around the colonies were visualised as an intense purple-red halo. The method has been used to screen yeasts and filamentous fungi for polygalacturonase secretion.
Research on Integration of College English Teaching and ESP Teaching (2016)

There is no unified arrangement and management in College English teaching and ESP teaching. The serious gap between them has resulted in the fact that students' English proficiency development in workplace lags behind. Thus in order to meet the needs of hotel industry development and improve students' English competence in workplace environment and their career competition, our project team has performed a series of reform, integrating College English teaching and ESP teaching in Voda Hotel Class 2015, and has obtained initial results
REST: A parallelized system for reliability estimation (2002)

The authors describe a software tool called REST (Reliability Estimation System Testbed) that provides increased power of expression and computation. REST is innovative in its use of an object-oriented language to describe systems, in its avoidance of a memory bottleneck during the analysis, and in its automatic exploitation of parallelism both on a commercial multiprocessor and on a network of ordinary workstations. The potential of the Failure Mode Effects Simulation paradigm on which REST is based is shown by rapid analysis on a parallel computer of a complex reconfigurable system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unique macrophage and tick cell-specific protein expression from the p28/p30-outer membrane protein multigene locus in Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia canis (2006)

Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia canis are tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogens that cause human and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis respectively. We tested the hypothesis that these pathogens express unique proteins in response to their growth in vertebrate and tick host cells and that this differential expression is similar in closely related Ehrlichia species. Evaluation of nine E. chaffeensis isolates and one E. canis isolate demonstrated that protein expression was host cell-dependent. The differentially expressed proteins included those from the p28/30-Omp multigene locus. E. chaffeensis and E. canis proteins expressed in infected macrophages were primarily the products of the p28-Omp 19 and 20 genes or their orthologues. In cultured tick cells, E. canis expressed only the p30-10 protein, an orthologue of the E. chaffeensis p28-Omp 14 protein which is the only protein expressed by E. chaffeensis propagated in cultured tick cells. The expressed Omp proteins were post-translationally modified to generate multiple molecular forms. E. chaffeensis gene expression from the p28/30-Omp locus was similar in tick cell lines derived from both vector (Amblyomma americanum) and non-vector (Ixodes scapularis) ticks. Differential expression of proteins within the p28/p30-Omp locus may therefore be vital for adaptation of Ehrlichia species to their dual host life cycle.
1047 (2012)

Introduction: Close Monitoring and repeated risk assessment of sepsis patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is important for therapeutic and early discharge decisions. The aim of this analysis was to study whether the kinetic of procalcitonin blood levels provides prognostic information in a septic patient population from a US critical care setting. Hypothesis: The aim of this analysis was to study whether the kinetic of procalcitonin blood levels provides prognostic information in a septic patient population from a US critical care setting Methods: This is a retrospective analysis including patients with a final diagnosis of sepsis hospitalized in the ICU of the Swedish Covenant Hospital in Chicago. Patients with a PCT level measured on admission and again after 72 hours (±12 hours) were included. Logistic regression models were calculated to assess the association of procalcitonin decrease over 72 hours and ICU mortality. Results: A total of 102 ICU patients with a final diagnosis of sepsis were included. Average length of ICU stay was 6.9 days (95%CI 5.9, 7.9) and mortality was 17.7% (95%CI 20.2, 25.2, n=18). Mortality increased from 7.7% in patients with a PCT decrease of >75% over 72 hours to 12.5% and 30.8% when the PCT decrease was only 50-75% and <50%. This association was also true when adjusting for severity of illness using the SAPS II score with corresponding adjusted odds ratios of 1.60 (95%CI 0.29, 8.98) and 5.1 (95%CI 1.22, 21.26). Conclusions: The PCT decrease over the first 72 hours is associated with ICU mortality and improves prognostication of the SAPS II score in patients with sepsis. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and show whether monitoring of procalcitonin results in improved patient outcomes.
Optimal two-stage ordering policy with Bayesian information updating (2003)

We investigate in this paper an optimal two-stage ordering policy for seasonal products. Before the selling season, a retailer can place orders for a seasonal product from her supplier at two distinct stages satisfying the lead-time requirement. Market information is collected at the first stage and is used to update the demand forecast at the second stage by using Bayesian approach. The ordering cost at the first stage is known but the ordering cost at the second stage is uncertain. A two-stage dynamic optimization problem is formulated and an optimal policy is derived using dynamic programming. The optimal ordering policy exhibits nice structural properties and can easily be implemented by a computer program. The detailed implementation scheme is proposed. The service level and profit uncertainty level under the optimal policy are discussed. Extensive numerical analyses are carried out to study the performance of the optimal policy.
Characterization of proteolytic enzymes from larval and adult <i>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis</i> (1991)

Proteases from infective larval (L3) and adult stages of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were investigated with a combination of techniques involving gelatin degradation and cleavage of fluorogenic substrates. Analysis of L3 excretory-secretory (ES) products revealed enzymes of Mr 51, 58, 79, approximately 150 and approximately 250 kDa. Inhibition profiles indicate that the major 51 kDa protease is a metallo-enzyme. Significantly, little activity was present in larval somatic extracts, suggesting the synthesis of zymogens or precursor forms prior to secretion. Adult ES contained a distinct enzyme, of 50 kDa, and a number of other proteases were detected in somatic extracts of this stage, ranging from 51 to greater than 300 kDa. The largest of these adult somatic enzymes is also a putative metallo-protease. While nearly all enzymes from both L3 and adult are heat labile, incubation at 100 degrees C generated a previously unobserved activity at 20 kDa. Furthermore, a protease of similar size may be found in uninfected rat intestinal tissue, suggesting specific uptake of a host-associated enzyme by the parasite in the form of an inactive, heat-labile complex.
Anti-inflammatory and anticatabolic effects of short-term beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in intensive care unit. (2006)

Elevated inflammatory markers and muscle wasting were common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 7-day beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on inflammation, protein metabolism, and pulmonary function in COPD patients in an intensive care unit. Thirty-four COPD patients who required mechanical ventilators were randomly assigned to HMB (n=18) or control (n=16) groups. The HMB group received HMB 3 g/d for 7 days. White blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and creatinine were significantly lower, while cholesterol and total protein were significantly higher after HMB supplementation. The body weight remained unchanged in both groups. Ten subjects (55.6%) in the HMB group and 4 subjects (25.0%) in the control group had improved pulmonary function, indicated by their ventilator modes. This short-term study suggests that HMB supplementation may have anti-inflammatory and anticatabolic effect and improve pulmonary function in COPD patients in an intensive care unit setting.
Computer-aided diagnosis system for bone scintigrams from Japanese patients: importance of training database (2012)

The CAD software trained with a Japanese database showed significantly higher performance than the corresponding CAD software trained with a European database for the analysis of bone scans from Japanese patients. These results could at least partly be caused by the physical differences between Japanese and European patients resulting in less influence of attenuation in Japanese patients and possible different judgement of count intensities of hot spots.
A comparative study of laser and thermal annealing of boron-implanted silicon (1978)

Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study the effects of high-power laser pulses on as-grown and boron-implanted silicon. No defects (dislocations, dislocation loops, and stacking faults) were observed in either as-grown or boron-implanted (doses 3×1015 and 2×1016 ions cm−2) silicon after pulsed laser treatment. In thermally annealed specimens, on the other hand, a significant amount of damage was retained even after annealing at 1100 °C for 30 min. After thermally annealing the implanted laser-treated specimens at 600 and 900 °C for 30 min, no defects were observed for low-dose specimens; however, in high-dose specimens, precipitation of boron occurred after 600 °C annealing and it increased after annealing at 900 °C. These results and the electrical measurements on these samples suggest that the boron atoms in the precipitates are electrically inactive.
The node‐weighted steiner tree problem (1987)

Abstract The general Node‐Weighted Steiner Tree problem is an extension of the standard Steiner Tree problem by the addition of node‐associated weights. This article analyzes a special case of that problem, where the set of nodes, which must be included in the solution tree, consists of a single node, and all node weights are negative. The special case is shown to be NP‐Complete, its integer programming formulation is presented, and heuristic procedures are proposed. Using Lagrangian relaxation and subgradient optimization, tight lower bounds were derived and utilized by a branch and bound algorithm. The effectiveness of the developed procedures is demonstrated by a set of computational experiments.
Double stenting in advanced colorectal cancer (2011)

An 86-year-old woman presented with complete large bowel obstruction secondary to tumour ingrowth of a previously placed enteric stent (figure 1). She was deemed not fit for surgical intervention. A second stent (covered ultraflex stent) was inserted through the occluded bare-metal stent using a combination of endoscopy and fluoroscopy (figure 2). Recovery was uneventful and CT 4 months later …
Learning alignments and leveraging natural logic (2007)

We describe an approach to textual inference that improves alignments at both the typed dependency level and at a deeper semantic level. We present a machine learning approach to alignment scoring, a stochastic search procedure, and a new tool that finds deeper semantic alignments, allowing rapid development of semantic features over the aligned graphs. Further, we describe a complementary semantic component based on natural logic, which shows an added gain of 3.13% accuracy on the RTE3 test set.
-Glucan Synthetases from Saprolegnia monoica (1977)

Cell extracts of Saprolegnia monoica Pringsheim contained enzymes which synthesized glucans from uridine diphosphoglucose. Both MgCl2 and cellobiose stimulated enzyme activity. The pH optimum was about 5·8. High substrate concentrations increased the proportion of alkali-insoluble glucans. Paper chromatography of cellulase-hydrolysed alkali-insoluble glucans revealed cellobiose indicating the presence of a (1→4)-β-glucan (cellulose) synthetase. Glucan synthetases were mainly located in the wall and microsomal fractions. They were more active in branched hyphae than in unbranched mycelium. Subcellular fractions were characterized by density gradient ultracentrifugation, enzymic tests and electron microscopy. Synthetase activities were associated with dictyosomes which, by histochemical staining, were shown to contain (1→4)-linked polysaccharides. The results were consistent with the current interpretation of the role of the Golgi apparatus in hyphal morphogenesis.
Analysis of lexical signatures for improving information persistence on the World Wide Web (2004)

A <i>lexical signature</i> (LS) consisting of several key words from a Web document is often sufficient information for finding the document later, even if its URL has changed. We conduct a large-scale empirical study of nine methods for generating lexical signatures, including Phelps and Wilensky's original proposal (PW), seven of our own static variations, and one new dynamic method. We examine their performance on the Web over a 10-month period, and on a TREC data set, evaluating their ability to both (1) uniquely identify the original (possibly modified) document, and (2) locate other relevant documents if the original is lost. Lexical signatures chosen to minimize document frequency (DF) are good at unique identification but poor at finding relevant documents. PW works well on the relatively small TREC data set, but acts almost identically to DF on the Web, which contains billions of documents. Term-frequency-based lexical signatures (TF) are very easy to compute and often perform well, but are highly dependent on the ranking system of the search engine used. The term-frequency inverse-document-frequency- (TFIDF-) based method and hybrid methods (which combine DF with TF or TFIDF) seem to be the most promising candidates among static methods for generating effective lexical signatures. We propose a dynamic LS generator called <i>Test & Select</i> (TS) to mitigate LS conflict. TS outperforms all eight static methods in terms of both extracting the desired document and finding relevant information, over three different search engines. All LS methods show significant performance degradation as documents in the corpus are edited.
Enhanced Susceptibility of c-myc Antisense Oligonucleotide-Treated Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells to Lysis by Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (1995)

C-myc oncogene expression has been implicated in the poor prognosis of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and these tumor cells are resistant to cytotoxic effector cells. We hypothesized that the resistance of RCC cells to lysis by cytotoxic effector lymphocytes might be regulated by c-myc expression. The present study tested this hypothesis by examining the effect of c-myc antisense oligonucleotide treatment on the susceptibility of RCC to lysis by cytotoxic lymphocytes. The Caki-1 human RCC cell line constitutively expresses c-myc mRNA, and treatment with c-myc antisense oligonucleotide resulted in a significant inhibition of the expression of c-myc mRNA and enhanced susceptibility to lysis by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The enhanced susceptibility to lysis was observed by PBL derived from both normal donors and patients with RCC. The susceptibility of c-myc antisense oligonucleotide-treated Caki-1 cells to lysis by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) was also enhanced. Furthermore, enhanced susceptibility was also seen when freshly isolated autologous tumor cells were used as target cells. The mechanism of the enhanced susceptibility of c-myc antisense oligonucleotide-treated Caki-1 cells to lysis was examined. No effect was observed on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II on the tumor cells. However, there was a modest increase in the frequency of effector-target binding. Further, c-myc antisense oligonucleotide-treated Caki-1 cells were more susceptible to lysis by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The findings of this study demonstrate that c-myc antisense oligonucleotide directly affects established RCC cells and freshly isolated RCC cells by rendering them more susceptible to lysis by PBL, LAK cells, NK cells, and T lymphocytes. The enhanced susceptibility may be due in part to the enhanced sensitivity to TNF-alpha and to the augmentation of PBL binding to tumor cells. The possible clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Activation of the orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 by oxysterols (1997)

Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), an orphan member of the intracellular receptor superfamily, plays an essential role in the development and function of multiple endocrine organs. It is expressed in all steroidogenic tissues where it regulates the P450 steroidogenic genes to generate physiologically active steroids. Although many of the functions of SF-1 in vivo have been defined, an unresolved question is whether a ligand modulates its transcriptional activity. Here, we show that 25-, 26-, or 27-hydroxycholesterol, known suppressors of cholesterol biosynthesis, enhance SF-1-dependent transcriptional activity. This activation is dependent upon the SF-1 activation function domain, and, is specific for SF-1 as several other receptors do not respond to these molecules. The oxysterols activate at concentrations comparable to those previously shown to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, and, can be derived from cholesterol by P450c27, an enzyme expressed within steroidogenic tissues. Recent studies have shown that the nuclear receptor LXR also is activated by oxysterols. We demonstrate that different oxysterols differ in their rank order potency for these two receptors, with 25-hydroxycholesterol preferentially activating SF-1 and 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol preferentially activating LXR. These results suggest that specific oxysterols may mediate transcriptional activation via different intracellular receptors. Finally, ligand-dependent transactivation of SF-1 by oxysterols may play an important role in enhancing steroidogenesis in vivo.
F. Doumenge. — Le Japon et l'exploitation de la mer. (1962)

Robert Jean. F. Doumenge. — Le Japon et l'exploitation de la mer.. In: Norois, n°34, Avril-Juin 1962. pp. 226-227.
Incidence of Ulcerative Colitis and Indeterminate Colitis in Four Counties of Southeastern Norway, 1990–93 A Prospective Population-Based Study (1996)

Background: The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) has been difficult to interpret because prospective studies have only been performed during the past 3 decades. Geographic variations may therefore be due to differences in study design. Method: From 1 January 1990 to 31 December 1993 all new cases of UC in four counties in southeastern Norway were prospectively registered. Cases diagnosed as indeterminate colitis (IND) when endoscopy and histopathology were inconclusive or diverged with regard to diagnosis of UC or Crohn's disease (CD) were also included in the study. Results: A total of 525 cases of UC and 93 cases of IND yielded an mean annual incidence of 13.6/105 and 2.4/105, respectively. There were differences in incidence between counties, and a peak of 21.5/105 in the annual incidence was found for the age group 25 to 34 years in UC. The distribution was about equal for each of the groups proctitis and left-sided and extensive colitis. The time interval from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 4 months. Conclusion: In this study one of the highest incidences of UC in the world has been found. The classification ‘indeterminate colitis' seems reasonable to use in some of the cases to prevent misclassification at the initial stage of diagnosis.
Evolution of the Australian flora and vegetation through the Tertiary: evidence from pollen (1978)

Abstract Over 50 identifications of Tertiary pollen are reviewed. The pollen assemblages indicate rain-forest through most of the Tertiary, but the requisites for pollen preservation are biased towards the wetter climates. The present day geographical affinities of the botanical groups are largely with taxa of the tropical zone and Australia-wide taxa. There is geographic variation in the fossil pollen assemblages when southeastern Australia is compared with Central Australia and Queensland. The major changes in the fossil floras coincide with climatic change, indicating the influence of climate on the evolution of plant assemblages. The older phytogeographic concepts are inappropriate for the fossil record, especially when considered in conjunction with palaeoclimates and palaeogeography. It is unfortunate that palynology has given little information of the evolution of floras in drier climatic regimes, or of the evolution of the eucalypts.