gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Invertase and sucrose synthase activity, carbohydrate status and endogenous IAA levels during <i>Citrus</i> leaf development (1987)

Levels of activity of the sucrose catabolizing enzymes, acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), were measured during development of new leaves of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Shamouti. Soluble acid invertase showed a peak activity of 32 nkat (g fresh weight) −1 at ca 60% of full leaf expansion and rapidly declined toward and after full expansion. There was no concomitant increase in an insoluble form of the enzyme. Sucrose synthase activity, measured in the synthesis direction, declined from 33% of full leaf expansion [10 nkat (g fresh weight) −1 ] 10, and following, full expansion. Highest sucrose synthase activity, measured in the cleavage direction, was 6 nkat (g fresh weight) −1 and showed little change during development. Acid invertase has a K m of 5 m M for sucrose, while sucrose synthase had a K m of 118 m M for sucrose. Changes in acid invertase activity correlated with changes in the reducing sugar:sucrose ratio. These results suggest that soluble acid invertase activity is the primary enzyme responsible for sucrose catabolism in the expanding Citrus leaf. Changes in leaf expansion rate and invertase activity did not correlate positively with changes in endogenous free IAA level, as determined by enzyme linked immunoassay.
Technology of Niobium Oxide Capacitor (2004)

Recent developments in tantalum technology have resulted in a new type of solid electrolyte capacitor based upon niobium oxide.Capacitors made from niobium oxide powder exhibit interesting features to the end users such as significantly reduced ignition failure mode, better load resistance, reduced cost, etc. This paper will give an overview of the current “state of the art” on this technology and also identifies key future development directions for the medium and long term.
Efficient Inhibition of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Growth by RNA Interference Targeting <i>Polo-Like Kinase 1</i> <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2011)

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) showing a high expression in various kinds of tumors is considered a candidate target for cancer therapy. The aim of our study was to explore the effects of silencing PLK1 gene on human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT-116 in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the plasmids generating short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-targeting PLK1 were transfected into HCT-116 by using FugeneHD reagent, and the silencing potency was measured by RT-PCR, western blot, flow cytometry, and Caspase-Glo 3/7 assay, respectively. In vivo, the growth inhibition capacity of PLK1-shRNA on HCT-116 xenograft was measured in nude mice. Then, the silencing effect of PLK1 was analyzed by RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Apoptosis, angiogenesis, and proliferation in tumor tissues were measured by TUNEL, CD31, and PCNA stain, respectively. The RNA interference targeting PLK1 significantly decreased the expression of PLK1 in vitro. More importantly, anti-PLK1 treatment in HCT-116 xenograft decreased tumor weight by 81.58% compared with the control group (p<0.001), accompanied with decreased PLK1 mRNA and protein expression, increased cell apoptosis, and reduced angiogenesis and proliferation (p<0.001). Our study showed that knockdown of PLK1 by shRNA might be the potential therapeutic approach against human colorectal carcinoma.
Preparation and properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated with zinc aluminate (2003)

Zinc oxide nanoparticles coated with zinc aluminate have been prepared by performing Al2O3 precipitation on the precursor basic carbonate of zinc (BCZ) of zinc oxide. TEM shows that a homogeneous layer is formed on the surface of the zinc oxide nanoparticles, and the coated particle size is about 50–60 nm. The thickness of the layer estimated by high magnification transmission electronic micrography is about 4–5 nm. Results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show that the elements in the coating at the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles are Zn, O and Al. X-Ray diffraction and lattice fringe data show that the coating is of the ZnAl2O4 phase formed by the reaction of basic carbonate of zinc and basic carbonate of aluminium. The zinc aluminate coating is effective in reducing the catalytic activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles coated with zinc aluminate not only retain a high UV absorptivity, but also increase their reflectance of visible light.
Measurement of oxidative DNA damage by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry: ethanethiol prevents artifactual generation of oxidized DNA bases (1998)

Analysis of oxidative damage to DNA bases by GC-MS enables identification of a range of base oxidation products, but requires a derivatization procedure. However, derivatization at high temperature in the presence of air can cause 'artifactual' oxidation of some undamaged bases, leading to an overestimation of their oxidation products, including 8-hydroxyguanine. Therefore derivatization conditions that could minimize this problem were investigated. Decreasing derivatization temperature to 23 degrees C lowered levels of 8-hydroxyguanine, 8-hydroxyadenine, 5-hydroxycytosine and 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil measured by GC-MS in hydrolysed calf thymus DNA. Addition of the reducing agent ethanethiol (5%, v/v) to DNA samples during trimethylsilylation at 90 degrees C also decreased levels of these four oxidized DNA bases as well as 5-hydroxyuracil. Removal of guanine from hydrolysed DNA samples by treatment with guanase, prior to derivatization, resulted in 8-hydroxyguanine levels (54-59 pmol/mg of DNA) that were significantly lower than samples not pretreated with guanase, independent of the derivatization conditions used. Only hydrolysed DNA samples that were derivatized at 23 degrees C in the presence of ethanethiol produced 8-hydroxyguanine levels (56+/-8 pmol/mg of DNA) that were as low as those of guanase-pretreated samples. Levels of other oxidized bases were similar to samples derivatized at 23 degrees C without ethanethiol, except for 5-hydroxycytosine and 5-hydroxyuracil, which were further decreased by ethanethiol. Levels of 8-hydroxyguanine, 8-hydroxyadenine and 5-hydroxycytosine measured in hydrolysed calf thymus DNA by the improved procedures described here were comparable with those reported previously by HPLC with electrochemical detection and by GC-MS with prepurification to remove undamaged base. We conclude that artifactual oxidation of DNA bases during derivatization can be prevented by decreasing the temperature to 23 degrees C, removing air from the derivatization reaction and adding ethanethiol.
Validation of a Novel CHX-A‘ ‘ Derivative Suitable for Peptide Conjugation:  Small Animal PET/CT Imaging Using Yttrium-86-CHX-A‘ ‘-Octreotide (2006)

A versatile bifunctional chelating reagent based on a preorganized cyclohexyl derivative of DTPA (CHX-A'') has been developed for the convenient N-terminal labeling of peptides with metal ion radionuclides of Bi(III), In(III), Lu(III), or Y(III). This was achieved via the synthesis of a mono-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl penta-tert-butyl ester derivative of CHX-A'' (trans-cyclohexyldiethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid) featuring a glutaric acid spacer. Commercially obtained octreotide was modified at its N-terminus by this reagent in the solution phase, and its subsequent radiolabeling with (111)In (T(1/2) = 2.8 d) and (86)Y (T(1/2) = 14.7 h) demonstrated. Small animal PET/CT imaging results of (86)Y-CHX-A''-octreotide in a somatostatin receptor-positive tumor-bearing rat model are presented for the validation of the novel agent.
Deep Tensor ADMM-Net for Snapshot Compressive Imaging (2019)

Snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) systems have been developed to capture high-dimensional (≥ 3) signals using low-dimensional off-the-shelf sensors, i.e., mapping multiple video frames into a single measurement frame. One key module of a SCI system is an accurate decoder that recovers the original video frames. However, existing model-based decoding algorithms require exhaustive parameter tuning with prior knowledge and cannot support practical applications due to the extremely long running time. In this paper, we propose a deep tensor ADMM-Net for video SCI systems that provides high-quality decoding in seconds. Firstly, we start with a standard tensor ADMM algorithm, unfold its inference iterations into a layer-wise structure, and design a deep neural network based on tensor operations. Secondly, instead of relying on a pre-specified sparse representation domain, the network learns the domain of low-rank tensor through stochastic gradient descent. It is worth noting that the proposed deep tensor ADMM-Net has potentially mathematical interpretations. On public video data, the simulation results show the proposed method achieves average 0.8 ~ 2.5 dB improvement in PSNR and 0.07 ~ 0.1 in SSIM, and 1500× ~ 3600× speedups over the state-of-the-art methods. On real data captured by SCI cameras, the experimental results show comparable visual results with the state-of-the-art methods but in much shorter running time.
Hypersensitivity of DJ-1-deficient mice to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrindine (MPTP) and oxidative stress (2005)

Mutations of the DJ-1 (PARK7) gene are linked to familial Parkinson's disease. We used gene targeting to generate DJ-1-deficient mice that were viable, fertile, and showed no gross anatomical or neuronal abnormalities. Dopaminergic neuron numbers in the substantia nigra and fiber densities and dopamine levels in the striatum were normal. However, DJ-1-/- mice showed hypolocomotion when subjected to amphetamine challenge and increased striatal denervation and dopaminergic neuron loss induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrindine. DJ-1-/-embryonic cortical neurons showed increased sensitivity to oxidative, but not nonoxidative, insults. Restoration of DJ-1 expression to DJ-1-/- mice or cells via adenoviral vector delivery mitigated all phenotypes. WT mice that received adenoviral delivery of DJ-1 resisted 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrindine-induced striatal damage, and neurons overexpressing DJ-1 were protected from oxidative stress in vitro. Thus, DJ-1 protects against neuronal oxidative stress, and loss of DJ-1 may lead to Parkinson's disease by conferring hypersensitivity to dopaminergic insults.
A fine line multilayer substrate with photo-sensitive polyimide dielectric and electroless-copper plating conductor. (1987)

A fine line multilayer substrate with photo-sensitive polyimide dielectric and electro-plating conductor has been developed. To realize adequate characteristic impedance and resistance of the signal lines necessary for high speed transmission, thick interlayer and via holes 20μm or more in depth are required. Electroless-plating is employed to form such deep via holes. Conductor adhesion strength of 500kg/cm2 is realized by innovative chemical treatment and sintering. The repeated thermal shock test confirms that 50μm diameter via holes are highly stable and reliable. Propagation delay time of fabricated substrate with 25μm wide signal lines is 60 ps/cm, which is 40% less than alumina substrate. The substrate can transmit higher speed pulses over 1 Gb/s.
[Effects of ulinastatin on interleukin-8 during one-lung ventilation in surgery]. (2003)

Ulinastatin could alleviate the pulmonary alveolar inflammatory reactions in OLV.
Surface electrical stimulation for foot drop: Control aspects and walking performance (2008)

Use of electrical stimulation to correct foot drop in hemiplegia was proposed over 40 years ago. Recently, improved control strategies have been developed and implemented in commercially available devices. In this article we review the control methods that have been used and present some results from a multi-center clinical trial. A foot-drop stimulator improves the gait pattern and results in an immediate increase in walking speed. In this sense it acts like an ankle-foot orthosis and this immediate increase will be referred to as an orthotic effect. Prolonged use of a foot drop stimulator over a period of months results in further, large increases in walking speed both with the stimulator on and off. Evidence indicates that a part of this increase results from daily use that strengthens residual cortico-spinal connections. Therefore the improvement over time will be referred to as a therapeutic effect. We found that people with non-progressive and progressive conditions of the central nervous system have an orthotic benefit, as well as a therapeutic up to 3 months of use. In generally non-progressive conditions such as stroke, further therapeutic increases are seen up to at least 11 months of use. In disorders such as multiple sclerosis, the progression of the disease eventually overcomes the early therapeutic effects. In conclusion, many individuals can benefit from commercially available foot-drop stimulators with improved control strategies and cosmetic design.
A Tunable Multiwavelength Laser Employing a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and an Opto-VLSI Processor (2008)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a stable tunable multiwavelength laser employing a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) in conjunction with an opto-very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) processor. By uploading digital phase holograms onto the opto-VLSI processor, the amplified spontaneous emission of the SOA is arbitrarily sliced and injected back into the SOA to generate multiple lasing wavelengths with a linewidth of 0.5 nm. Experimental results demonstrate a tunable multiwavelength laser with a tuning range from 1528 to 1533 nm with power fluctuations of less than 0.5 dB.
3-Dimensional Vibration Measurement and Analysis of King Song-Dok Bell (1997)

Beating phenomenon which is generated by two closely located natural frequencies is one of research tenet for King Song-Dok bell. In this paper, we investigate the vibration shape of these natural frequencies using very extensive experimental data. Vibration signals are sampled at 108 points around the bell using accelerometers. Measured signals are anlayzed in time and frequency domain. Twelve natural shapes under 800Hz are plotted.
Determination of free fatty acids in milk and cheese procedures for extraction, clean up, and capillary gas chromatographic analysis (1990)

Abstract A rapid, reliable and precise capillary gas chromatographic method for routine quantification of short‐ and long‐chain free fatty acids (FFA) in milk and cheese is described. Procedures of (1) lipid extraction, (2) isolation of the FFA from milk and cheese extracts, and (3) capillary gas chromatographic analysis were developed and optimized. FFA can be extracted from cheese for 95–100% with ether‐heptane after grinding with sodium sulfate and addition of 2.5 M sulfuric acid. From milk, 95–100 % of the FFA (≤ C8:0) are also extracted with ether‐heptane after addition of ethanol and 2.5 M sulfuric acid. Internal standards are used to compensate for the losses of lower FFA (C2:0–C8:0) in the aqueous phase. In view of the excellent recovery (98–100 %) and a considerable saving of time, the use of an aminopropyl column is preferred for the isolation of the FFA from lipid‐extracts. The underivatized FFA are separated directly by capillary gas chromatography making use of columns which enable accurate and rapid (≤ 40 min) determination of FFA C2:0–C20:0. With the method described, all major FFA (C2:0–C18:3) in milk and cheese can be quantified with good repeatability ( rsd less then 2 %). The method is also applicable to the analysis of short‐chain fatty acids in other products.
Switchable single-longitudinal-mode dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser incorporating a semiconductor optical amplifier (2008)

We propose and demonstrate a novel single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser incorporating a semiconductor optical amplifier. The SOA biased in its low-gain regime greatly reduces the gain competition of the two wavelengths. The stable SLM operation is guaranteed by a passive triple-ring cavity and a fiber Fabry-Perot filter. The dual-wavelength output with a 40 GHz wavelength spacing is switchable in the range of 1533-1565.4 nm.
Parallel Implementation of the 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform on Graphics Processing Units: Filter Bank versus Lifting (2008)

The widespread usage of the DiscreteWaveletTransform (DWT) has motivated the development of fastDWT algorithms and their tuning on all sorts of computersystems. Several studies have compared the performanceof the most popular schemes, known as Filter Bank(FBS) and Lifting (LS), and have always concluded thatLifting is the most efficient option. However, there isno such study on streaming processors such as modernGraphic Processing Units (GPUs). Current trends havetransformed these devices into powerful stream processorswith enough flexibility to perform intensive and complexfloating-point calculations. The opportunities opened upby these platforms, as well as the growing popularityof the DWT within the computer graphics field, make anew performance comparison of great practical interest.Our study indicates that FBS outperforms LS in currentgeneration GPUs. In our experiments, the actual FBS gainsrange between 10% and 140%, depending on the problemsize and the type and length of the wavelet filter. Moreover,design trends suggest higher gains in future generationGPUs.
Binding of the Anticonvulsant Drug Lamotrigine and the Neurotoxin Batrachotoxin to Voltage-gated Sodium Channels Induces Conformational Changes Associated with Block and Steady-state Activation (2003)

Voltage-gated sodium channels are dynamic membrane proteins characterized by rapid conformational changes that switch the molecule between closed resting, activated, and inactivated states. Sodium channels are specifically blocked by the anticonvulsant drug lamotrigine, which preferentially binds to the channel pore in the inactivated open state. Batrachotoxin is a lipid-soluble alkaloid that causes steady-state activation and binds in the inner pore of the sodium channel with overlapping but distinct molecular determinants from those of lamotrigine. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy on purified voltage-gated sodium channels from Electrophorus electricus, the secondary structures associated with the mixture of states present at equilibrium in the absence of these ligands were compared with specific stabilized states in their presence. As the channel shifts to open states, there appears to be a significant change in secondary structure to a more alpha-helical conformation. The observed changes are consistent with increased order involving the S6 segments that form the pore, the domain III-IV linker, and the P-loops that form the outer pore and selectivity filter. A molecular model has been constructed for the sodium channel based on its homology with the pore-forming regions of bacterial potassium channels, and automated docking of the crystal structure of lamotrigine with this model produces a structure in which the close contacts of the drug are with the residues previously identified by mutational studies as forming the binding site for this drug.
Emulsifier‐free polymerization in aqueous media (1955)

Abstract The polymerization in solution of a variety of water‐soluble monomers with a variety of water‐soluble redox initiators is described and a detailed study is reported on the polymerization, in aqueous solution, of methyl vinyl ketone and of methyl methacrylate under the influence of potassium sulfate‐silver nitrate. Keeping the persulfate concentration constant and varying the silver nitrate or, conversely, keeping the silver nitrate constant and varying the persulfate, it is found that, except at very high concentration of catalyst, both the rate of polymerization and the molecular weight of the polymer bear a linear relation to the square root of the catalyst concentration, in harmony with the general theory of catalyzed bulk and emulsion polymerization. The molecular weight of the polymer formed diminishes with increase in the temperature of polymerization. The study of redox polymerization in water, without emulsifier, has been extended to the case of a mixture of a water‐soluble and a water‐insoluble monomer, and it has been found that copolymerization proceeds at a reasonable rate and frequently forms a stable latex. The copolymerization of styrene and 5 or 10 per cent of its weight of methacrylonitrile in water under the influence of a water‐soluble persulfate‐bisulfite redox pair has been examined with some closeness. Polymerization is apparently initiated in the aqueous solution, since, contrary to the state of affairs in emulsion polymerization, water‐soluble retarders are more effective than oil‐soluble ones, when the retarder is added at the outset. If the retarder is added at a later stage of polymerization, oil‐soluble reagents are more effective than water‐soluble ones. The water‐soluble monomer enters into the polymer at a greater rate than the water‐insoluble one, but it appears that, even at the earliest stage at which it is practicable to take samples co ‐polymerization occurs. The influence of catalyst concentration on the rate of polymerization, the molecular weight of the polymer, and the latex particle size was examined.
Role of epidermal growth factor and its receptor in chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury (2002)

Several growth factors are trophic for the gastrointestinal tract and able to reduce the degree of intestinal damage caused by cytotoxic agents. However, studies of epidermal growth factor (EGF) for chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury are conflicting. The development of a transgenic mouse that specifically overexpresses EGF in the small intestine provided a unique opportunity to assess the contribution of EGF in mucositis. After a course of fluorouracil, transgenic mice fared no better than control mice. Weight recovery was inferior, and mucosal architecture was not preserved. Apoptosis was not decreased and proliferation was not increased in the crypts. To corroborate the findings in transgenic mice, ICR mice were treated with exogenous EGF after receiving fluorouracil. Despite ileal upregulation of native and activated EGF receptor, the mice were not protected from intestinal damage. No benefits were observed with different EGF doses or schedules or routes of EGF administration. Finally, mucositis was induced in mutant mice with specific defects of the EGF signaling axis. Compared with control mice, clinical and histological parameters of intestinal injury after fluorouracil were no different in waved-2 mice, which have functionally diminished EGF receptors, or waved-1 mice, which lack transforming growth factor-alpha, another major ligand for the EGF receptor. These findings do not support a critical role for EGF or its receptor in chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury.
An embedded 16-bit microprocessor (2002)

This paper presents low cost and high code density embedded 16 bit microprocessor. The instruction set is suitable for C compiler and has good code density. It has 7 general purpose resisters and 16-bit fixed length instruction set which has a short length offset and small immediate operand. A 16-bit offset and immediate operand could be extended by using extension register and extension flag. It's implemented with 4200 gates so that it can be substituted for an 8-bit microprocessor.
An introduction to JPEG 2000 and watermarking (2000)

This paper discusses the following topics: background; JPEG 2000-what, where and when? how does JPEG 2000 stack up? protection of IPR in JPEG DCT and JPEG 2000 images; does watermarking have a future in JPEG 2000?.