gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cell‐seeded collagen matrices for bone repair: Effects of cyclic tensile strain, cell density, and media conditions on matrix contraction <i>in vitro</i> (2008)

Type I collagen is the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in bone and contains arginine- glycine-aspartic acid sequences that promote cell adhesion and proliferation. We have previously shown that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded in three-dimensional (3D) collagen gels upregulate BMP-2 mRNA expression in response to tensile strain, indicative of osteogenesis. Therefore, collagen could be a promising scaffold material for functional bone tissue engineering using hMSCs. However, high contraction of the collagen gels by hMSCs poses a challenge to creating large, tissue-engineered bone constructs. The effects of cyclic tensile strain, medium (with and without dexamethasone), and hMSC seeding density on contraction of collagen matrices have not been investigated. hMSCs were seeded in 3D collagen gels and subjected to cyclic tensile strain of 10% or 12% for 4 h/day at a frequency of 1 Hz in osteogenic-differentiating or complete MSC growth media for up to 14 days. Viability of hMSCs was not affected by strain or media conditions. While initial seeding density affected matrix contraction alone, there was a high interdependence of strain and medium on matrix contraction. These findings suggest a correlation between hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on collagen matrix contraction that is affected by media, cell-seeding density, and cyclic tensile strain. It is vital to understand the effects of culture conditions on collagen matrix contraction by hMSCs in order to consider hMSC-seeded collagen constructs for functional bone tissue engineering in vitro.
Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS) (2005)

This document specifies the Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS)
protocol, used for interaction between iSNS servers and iSNS clients,
which facilitates automated discovery, management, and configuration
of iSCSI and Fibre Channel devices (using iFCP gateways) on a TCP/IP
network. iSNS provides intelligent storage discovery and management
services comparable to those found in Fibre Channel networks, allowing
a commodity IP network to function in a capacity similar to that of a
storage area network. iSNS facilitates a seamless integration of IP
and Fibre Channel networks due to its ability to emulate Fibre Channel
fabric services and to manage both iSCSI and Fibre Channel devices.
iSNS thereby provides value in any storage network comprised of iSCSI
devices, Fibre Channel devices (using iFCP gateways), or any
combination thereof. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
The Relation of Markers of Inflammation to the Development of Glucose Disorders in the Elderly (2001)

Several studies suggest that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of some glucose disorders in adults. We tested this hypothesis in a longitudinal cohort study of older individuals who had normal fasting glucose (FG) values at baseline. We compared the baseline levels of six inflammatory markers in participants who had developed glucose disorders at follow-up with those of participants whose FG remained normal at follow-up. Participants were members of the Cardiovascular Health Study, a prospective study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adults > or =65 years. All 5,888 participants had baseline testing, including FG and markers of inflammation: white blood cell and platelet counts and albumin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and factor VIIIc levels. At 3-4 years of follow-up, 4,481 (84.5%) of those who were alive had FG levels retested. Participants who developed diabetes (n = 45) had higher median levels of CRP at baseline than those who remained normoglycemic. On multivariate analysis, those with elevated CRP levels (75th percentile [2.86 mg/l] vs. 25th percentile [0.82 mg/l]) were 2.03 times (95% confidence intervals, 1.44-2.86) more likely to have diabetes on follow-up. Adjustment for confounders and other inflammatory markers did not appreciably change this finding. There was no relationship between the development of diabetes and other markers of inflammation. Inflammation, as measured by CRP levels, is associated with the development of diabetes in the elderly. Understanding the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of glucose disorders in this age-group may lead to better classification and treatment of glucose disorders among them.
Development and Characterization of Dual-Release Poly(D,L-lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide) Millirods for Tumor Treatment (2006)

In recent years, minimally invasive treatments of solid tumors, such as image-guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation, have emerged as a powerful alternative therapy to surgery for patients with unresectable tumors. One major limitation of RF ablation is frequent recurrence of tumors due to incomplete destruction of cancerous cells at the tumor boundary. Biodegradable polymer millirods, composed of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and impregnated with anti-cancer agents, have been designed to be implanted in tumors after RF ablation to deliver drugs to the surrounding tissue and kill the remaining tumor cells. By tailoring device design, it is possible to create dual-release polymer implants that incorporate both a burst release to rapidly raise the surrounding tissue drug concentrations as well as a sustained release to maintain those drug concentrations for an extended period of time. Combination of RF ablation with local drug therapy will provide a minimally invasive paradigm for the effective treatment of solid tumors.
850 nm GaAs/AlGaAs DFB lasers with shallow surface gratings and oxide aperture (2019)

We present and experimentally demonstrate a novel oxide-confined ridge-waveguide distributed feedback (DFB) laser with the first-order surface grating using only a single growth step. The metal contacts are laterally offset from the ridge waveguide to inject current thus avoiding unwanted light absorption from the electrodes. The oxide aperture is defined by selective wet oxidation of aluminium-rich material, which confines the injection current from the electrodes to the active layer under the ridge waveguide. This allows that a thin ridge layer can be used with relatively higher refractive index compared to the active layer and thus the grating can be shallowly etched but provides a strong coupling effect. The fabricated 150 µm-long DFB laser exhibited a relatively low threshold current of 8 mA and a side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) up to 50 dB at the injected current of 32 mA around 4 times threshold at 20 °C. Stable single mode operation has been observed for the fabricated DFB laser over the temperature range from 10 to 50 °C. The variation of wavelength with temperature Δλ/ΔT was 0.06 nm/°C. The proposed laser may have advantages combined both DFB lasers and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), such as single mode, stabilized polarization, potentially narrow linewidth and low power consumption. In addition, the laser is regrowth free, thus has advantages of low cost and high reliability.
Controlling the net charge on a nanoparticle optically levitated in vacuum (2017)

A method to charge and discharge levitated nanoparticles is demonstrated, allowing one to enhance the control of its motion by the interaction with electric fields. The nanoparticles might be used as a tool for force sensing in microscopic scales.
Seminal plasma and prostaglandin E2 up-regulate fibroblast growth factor 2 expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells via E-series prostanoid-2 receptor-mediated transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway (2006)

Seminal plasma and PGE(2) can similarly activate FGF2 expression and EP2 receptor signalling in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. These data highlight the potential for seminal plasma exposure to facilitate tumorigenesis-angiogenesis in endometrial adenocarcinomas in vivo.
The Demand for Immigrant Workers: Labor Scarcity or Social Control? (1978)

Recent analyses of the economic role of immigrant workers from Mexico in U.S. labor markets have been advanced from two divergent interpretations—a labor scarcity argument and a social control thesis. This article analyzes the two perspectives, finding little evidence to support the labor scarcity argument. Immigrant workers are instead argued to be tied to social control functions in the peripheral sectors of the U.S. economy. Detail from the historical experience of farm workers in Southwestern agriculture are drawn upon to illustrate the argument.
Path-delay constrained floorplanning: a mathematical programming approach for initial placement (1989)

A procedure for path-delay constrained initial placement during chip floorplanning is presented which directly incorporates timing and geometrical constraints into the process. The problem is modeled and mathematically formulated as a constrained non-linear programming problem which is systematically divided and solved in three steps: timing minimization with module overlap, module separation and timing minimization without module overlap. To save computation time, two techniques for eliminating non-logical and noncritical paths are used to reduce the number of paths considered during the optimization. Experimental results show that the placement results satisfy all given timing and geometrical constraints, and have good total normalized wire delays.
Zero-force travel-time parameters for ultrasonic head-waves in railroad rail (1985)

Parametres de temps de transit a effort nul pour des ondes ultrasonores type P dans un rail de chemin de fer
Predicting polymer dynamics at multiple length and time scales (2009)

Soft condensed matter, involving such diverse systems as synthetic or biological macromolecules to colloids, is a fast growing research area due to its scientific and technological relevance. Beyond scaling theories of simple model systems the dynamics and rheology of complex fluids have been extensively studied through various experimental techniques and computer simulations. While these techniques typically address a single dynamic quantity it is a challenge to develop simulation methodologies that can directly access different dynamic quantities as well as a broad range of length and time scales of specific systems. Here we present a hierarchical simulation approach to overcome these problems. We predict polymer dynamics over a broad spectrum of length and time scales ranging from segmental relaxation on the monomer level to long time chain diffusion. As an example we study various dynamical modes of atactic polystyrene melts of molecular weights relevant to polymer processing (up to 50,000 g/mol) without any adjustable parameter and compare the results to experiments.
Design of a 2D DCT/IDCT application specific VLIW processor supporting scaled and sub-sampled blocks (2003)

We present an innovative design of an accurate, 2D DCT IDCT processor, which handles scaled and sub-sampled input blocks efficiently. In the IDCT mode, the latency of the processor scales with the size of the input blocks varying from 7 cycles for an 1/spl times/1 block to 38 cycles for an 8 /spl times/ 8 block. This scalability is possible because the processor has input data dependant control by which it can exploit the reduced computational needs of sub-sampled blocks and blocks of smaller sizes to work in lesser cycles. This is a very useful feature for MPEG and HDTV decoders and has hitherto not been exploited. Clocking at 150 Mhz, the processor satisfies the high sample rate requirement of dual MPEG stream HD decoding with a picture size of 1920 /spl times/ 1080 at 30 frames per second. Fixed word length and accuracy simulations of our design shows that it conforms to the accuracy specifications of the CCITT standard within a 16 bit data path. A methodology based on architecture level synthesis is used to design the VLIW processor core. The VLIW design exploits the Instruction Level Parallelism present in the DCT/IDCT application, efficiently. The processor core is characterised by an area of 0.834 mm sq. and a frequency of 150 Mhz in 0.18 micron CMOS technology.
NMR in rotating solids (1979)

The NMR free induction decay from a spinning sample having inhomogeneous anisotropic interactions (chemical shifts, first order quadrupole couplings) takes the form of a train of rotational spin echoes. The Fourier transform of the echo envelope is a sharp spectrum from which the effects of anisotropy have been removed. The Fourier transform of the echo shape contains information concerning the anisotropies: This information can be extracted by a moment analysis. The effects of localized homonuclear spin–spin interactions are to convert the ’’isotropic’’ spectrum into a characteristic powder pattern. Second order quadrupole coupling produces a similar effect. It is shown in this case that the usual second-order level shifts cannot be used to calculated this pattern, which must be described by a proper average Hamiltonian theory. Finally it is shown that rotational spin echoes provide a convenient means of studying very slow random molecular rotations (τc≲1 sec).
Methylation analysis of the NOTCH4 -25 C/T polymorphism in schizophrenia (2010)

The polymorphism and methylation analysis of NOTCH4 established that (i) the -25 C/T polymorphism and methylation status is not associated to schizophrenia in blood (ii) the -25 C is variably methylated in a region specific manner in the brain (iii) there is more variability observed within the brain of a single individual than in the blood among the individuals.
A Polymeric Bacterial Protein Activates Dendritic Cells via TLR4 (2006)

The enzyme lumazine synthase from Brucella spp. (BLS) is a highly immunogenic protein that folds as a stable dimer of pentamers. It is possible to insert foreign peptides and proteins at the 10 N terminus of BLS without disrupting its general folding, and these chimeras are very efficient to elicit systemic and oral immunity without adjuvants. In this study, we show that BLS stimulates bone marrow dendritic cells from mice in vitro to up-regulate the levels of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, and CD86) and major histocompatibility class II Ag. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of several chemokines are increased, and proinflammatory cytokine secretion is induced upon exposure to BLS. In vivo, BLS increases the number of dendritic cells and their expression of CD62L in the draining lymph node. All of the observed effects are dependent on TLR4, and clearly independent of LPS contamination. The described characteristics of BLS make this protein an excellent candidate for vaccine development.
TGFβ inhibition restores a regenerative response in acute liver injury by suppressing paracrine senescence (2018)

Liver injury results in rapid regeneration through hepatocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. However, after acute severe injury, such as acetaminophen poisoning, effective regeneration may fail. We investigated how senescence may underlie this regenerative failure. In human acute liver disease, and murine models, p21-dependent hepatocellular senescence was proportionate to disease severity and was associated with impaired regeneration. In an acetaminophen injury mouse model, a transcriptional signature associated with the induction of paracrine senescence was observed within 24 hours and was followed by one of impaired proliferation. In mouse genetic models of hepatocyte injury and senescence, we observed transmission of senescence to local uninjured hepatocytes. Spread of senescence depended on macrophage-derived transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) ligand. In acetaminophen poisoning, inhibition of TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFβR1) improved mouse survival. TGFβR1 inhibition reduced senescence and enhanced liver regeneration even when delivered beyond the therapeutic window for treating acetaminophen poisoning. This mechanism, in which injury-induced senescence impairs liver regeneration, is an attractive therapeutic target for developing treatments for acute liver failure.
The Role of Hole Localization in Sacrificial Hydrogen Production by Semiconductor–Metal Heterostructured Nanocrystals (2011)

The effect of hole localization on photocatalytic activity of Pt-tipped semiconductor nanocrystals is investigated. By tuning the energy balance at the semiconductor-ligand interface, we demonstrate that hydrogen production on Pt sites is efficient only when electron-donating molecules are used for stabilizing semiconductor surfaces. These surfactants play an important role in enabling an efficient and stable reduction of water by heterostructured nanocrystals as they fill vacancies in the valence band of the semiconductor domain, preventing its degradation. In particular, we show that the energy of oxidizing holes can be efficiently transferred to a ligand moiety, leaving the semiconductor domain intact. This allows reusing the inorganic portion of the "degraded" nanocrystal-ligand system simply by recharging these nanoparticles with fresh ligands.
Programming Optimal Atrioventricular Delay in Dual Chamber Pacing Using Peak Endocardial Acceleration: Comparison with a Standard Echocardiographic Procedure (2003)

Optimization of programmed atrioventricular delay in dual chamber pacing is essential to the hemodynamic efficiency of the heart. Automatic AV delay optimization in an implanted pacemaker is highly desirable. Variations of peak endocardial acceleration (PEA) with AV delay at rest correlate well with echocardiography derived observations, particularly with end-diastolic filling and mitral valve closure timings. This suggests the possibility of devicing a procedure for the automatic determination of the optimal AV delay. The aim of this study was to compare a proposed algorithm for optimal AV delay determination with an accepted echocardiographic method. Fifteen patients with high degree AV block received BEST-Living pacing systems. Automatic AV delay scans were performed at rest (60-300 ms in 20-ms steps with 60 beats per step) in DDD at 90 ppm, while simultaneously recording cycle-by-cycle PEA values, which were averaged for each AV delay to obtain a PEA versus AV delay curve. Nonlinear regression analysis based on a Boltzmann sigmoid curve was performed, and the optimal AV delay (OAVD) was chosen as the sigmoid inflection point of the regression curve. The OAVD was also evaluated for each patient using the Ritter echocardiographic method. Good sigmoid fit was obtained in 13 of 15 patients. The mean OAVD obtained by the PEA sigmoid algorithm was 146.9 +/- 32.1 ms, and the corresponding result obtained by echocardiography was 156.4 +/- 34.3 ms (range 31.8-39.7 ms). Correlation analysis yielded r = 0.79, P = 0.0012. In conclusion, OAVD estimates obtained by PEA analysis during automatic AV delay scanning are consistent with those obtained by echocardiography. The proposed algorithm can be used for automatic OAVD determination in an implanted pacemaker pulse generator.
Faster Algorithms for Approximate Distance Oracles and All-Pairs Small Stretch Paths (2006)

Let G = (V, E) be a weighted undirected graph with |V| = n and |E| = m. An estimate deltacirc(u,v) of the distance delta(u,v) in G between u,v isin V is said to be of stretch t iff delta(u,v) les deltacirc(u,v) les t middot delta(u,v). The most efficient algorithms known for computing small stretch distances in G are the approximate distance oracles of (M. Thorup and U. Zwick, 2005) and the three algorithms in (E. Cohen and U. Zwick, 2001) to compute all-pairs stretch t distances for t = 2, 7/3, and 3. We present faster algorithms for these problems. For any integer k ges 1, Thorup and Zwick (2005) gave an O(kmn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> k/) algorithm to construct a data structure of size O(kn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1 + 1</sup> k/) which, given a query (u,v) isin V times V, returns in O(k) time, a 2k - 1 stretch estimate of delta(u, v). But for small values of k, the time to construct the oracle is rather high. Here we present an O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> log n) algorithm to construct such a data structure of size O(kn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1+1</sup> k/) for all integers k ges 2. Our query answering time is O(k) for k > 2 and Theta (log n) for k = 2. We use a new generic scheme for all-pairs approximate shortest paths for these results. This scheme also enables us to design faster algorithms for all-pairs t-stretch distances for t = 2 and 7/3, and compute all-pairs almost stretch 2 distances in O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> log n) time
Optimized Reaction Conditions for Amide Bond Formation in DNA-Encoded Combinatorial Libraries (2016)

DNA-encoded combinatorial libraries are increasingly being used as tools for the discovery of small organic binding molecules to proteins of biological or pharmaceutical interest. In the majority of cases, synthetic procedures for the formation of DNA-encoded combinatorial libraries incorporate at least one step of amide bond formation between amino-modified DNA and a carboxylic acid. We investigated reaction conditions and established a methodology by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide, 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole and N,N'-diisopropylethylamine (EDC/HOAt/DIPEA) in combination, which provided conversions greater than 75% for 423/543 (78%) of the carboxylic acids tested. These reaction conditions were efficient with a variety of primary and secondary amines, as well as with various types of amino-modified oligonucleotides. The reaction conditions, which also worked efficiently over a broad range of DNA concentrations and reaction scales, should facilitate the synthesis of novel DNA-encoded combinatorial libraries.
Reactive Spinning of Cyanate Ester Fibers Reinforced with Aligned Amino‐Functionalized Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

Abstract We report a new approach of reactive spinning to fabricate thermosetting cyanate ester micro‐scale diameter fibers with aligned single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The composite fibers were produced by first dispersing the SWNTs (1 wt %) in cyanate ester (CE) via solvent blending, followed by pre‐polymerization, spinning and then multiple‐stage curing. The pre‐polymerization, spinning and post‐spinning cure temperatures were carefully controlled to achieve good spun crosslinked fibers. Both pristine and amino‐functionalized SWNTs were used for the reinforced fiber spinning. Amino‐functionalized SWNTs (f‐SWNTs) were prepared by reacting acid‐treated SWNTs with toluene 2,4‐diisocyanate and then ethylenediamine (EDA). FTIR, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the amino‐functionalized SWNTs were covalently and uniformly dispersed into the cyanate ester matrix and aligned along the fiber axis. The alignment was further confirmed using polarized Raman spectroscopy. The composite fibers with aligned amino‐functionalized SWNTs possess improved tensile properties with respect to neat CE fibers, showing 85, 140, and 420% increase in tensile strength, elongation and stress‐strain curve area (i.e., toughness), respectively. NH 2 ‐functionalization of SWNTs improves their dispersibility, alignment and interfacial strength and hence tensile properties of composite spun fibers. Fiber spinning to align SWNTs using thermosetting resin is novel. Others have reported fiber spinning to align SWNTs in thermoplastics. However, thermosetting CE resins offer the advantages of low and controllable viscosity during spinning and reactivity with amino functional groups to enable f‐SWNT/CE covalent bonding.