gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acid-Catalyzed Condensation of Phenols and Keto Acids (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid-Catalyzed Condensation of Phenols and Keto AcidsARTHUR J. YU and ALLAN R. DAYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 7, 1004–1006Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01101a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (382 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Electrocatalytic Activity of Co<SUB>0.5</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.5</SUB>O Particles for the Anodic Oxidation of Methane (2000)

A new electrocatalyst which enables direct methane use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) was examined. The dispersion of Co0.5Ni0.5O particles into a porous-platinum-based anode increased the cell performance in an SOFC using a stabilized-zirconia electrolyte. Among the catalysts studied, Co0.5Ni0.5O, CoO, and NiO, the increase was the most prominent for Co0.5Ni0.5O. The anodic polarization resistance and the production rates of CO, CO2, and H2 in the outlet gas showed a high Co0.5Ni0.5O catalytic activity for the electrochemical oxidation of methane, indicating the activation of the steam-reforming reaction caused by the formation of surface active sites in relation to the cation vacancy in the CoO–NiO solid solution.
Ultrasonographic measurement of endometrial thickness during hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women (1998)

The objective of this study was to measure endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasonography during two regimens of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women and to compare these data with endometrial histology. Transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of endometrial thickness and endometrial biopsy were performed in 80 postmenopausal women before and after 6 months of HRT (between the 24th and the 28th day of the cycle). The group was randomized so that 40 women (Group A) were treated with a continuous sequential regimen consisting of 5 micrograms/day of estradiol continuously and 5 mg/day of medrogestone from the 17th to the 28th day of the cycle; and 40 women (Group B) were given continuous administration of 50 micrograms/day estradiol and 5 mg/day medrogestone. Prior to therapy, there was no significant difference in mean endometrial thickness between the groups. After 6 months of therapy, endometrial thickness was significantly increased in comparison with basal values in both groups. The mean value was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Group A (8.5 +/- 3.7 mm) than in Group B (3.6 +/- 1.3 mm). In Group A, endometrial thickness was < or = 4 mm in 16.7% of patients and < or = 8 mm in 69.5% of patients. In Group B, 91% of patients had an endometrium of < or = 4 mm. In both groups, the thickness of the atrophic endometrium was less than that of the other histological types of endometrium (4.1 +/- 0.3 mm for Group A and 3.5 +/- 1.2 mm for Group B). In Group A, the difference in mean endometrial thickness between the proliferative and secretory endometrium was not statistically significant. In both groups, the transvaginal ultrasonographic measurement of endometrial thickness of < or = 4 mm had a high sensitivity for detecting atrophic endometrium (83.3% for Group A and 93.7% for Group B).
Permeable guidance channels containing microfilament scaffolds enhance axon growth and maturation (2005)

Successful peripheral nerve regeneration is still limited in artificial conduits, especially for long lesion gaps. In this study, porous poly(L-lactide-co-DL-lactide, 75:25) (PLA) conduits were manufactured with 16 poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) microfilaments aligned inside the lumen. Fourteen and 18 mm lesion gaps were created in a rat sciatic nerve lesion model. To evaluate the combined effect of permeable PLA conduits and microfilament bundles on axon growth, four types of implants were tested for each lesion gap: PLA conduits with 16 filaments; PLA conduits without filaments; silicone conduits with 16 filaments; and silicone conduits without filaments. Ten weeks following implantation, regeneration within the distal nerve was compared between corresponding groups. Antibodies against the markers S100, calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), RMDO95, and P0 were used to identify Schwann cells, unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons, and myelin, respectively. Results demonstrated that the filament scaffold enhanced tissue cable formation and Schwann cell migration in all groups. The filament scaffold enhanced axonal regeneration toward the distal stump, especially across long lesion gaps, but significance was only achieved with PLA conduits. When compared to corresponding silicone conduits, permeable PLA conduits enhanced myelinated axon regeneration across both lesion gaps and achieved significance only in combination with filament scaffolds. Myelin staining indicated PLA conduits supported axon myelination with better myelin quantity and quality when compared to silicone conduits.
Effect of radio frequency bias power on SiO2 feature etching in inductively coupled fluorocarbon plasmas (2000)

We present and discuss results obtained in studies of the mechanisms underlying various feature size dependencies of SiO2 etching in inductively coupled fluorocarbon plasmas. The variation of the fluorocarbon deposition rate and the SiO2 etch rate with both feature size and rf bias power has been measured in a variety of constant aspect ratio features for both an etch stop (C3F6/H2) and a nonetch stop (CHF3) feedgas chemistry.
Films of Highly Disperse Electrodeposited Poly(<i>N</i>‐vinylcarbazole)–Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites (2011)

Abstract The electrodeposition of polymer nanocomposite thin films of PVK–GO is demonstrated. Highly exfoliated and stable graphene oxide (GO) solutions are prepared by incorporating poly( N ‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) through mixing. Enhanced stability up to 30 d is observed in both aqueous and organic solvents. TGA, XRD, FTIR, and UV‐vis measurements confirm nanocomposite formation. CV enables electrodeposition of the films. The presence of GO on the PVK–GO surface is confirmed by the appearance of the C=O and OH stretching vibrations, attributed to the carboxylic and hydroxyl groups of GO. AFM measurements show homogeneous and well‐defined film morphology.
Efficient computation of most probably states for communication networks with multimode components (1989)

A general multimode model for jointly assessing the performance and reliability (performability) of a communication network is considered. The performability is computed by averaging the performance over the most probable network states. An efficient algorithm, superior to all previous algorithms in both speed and flexibility, is proposed to enumerate the most probable network states. The algorithm keeps generating the network states one by one, in order of decreasing probability, until some stopping rule (if specified) is met.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanisms of Zn<sup>II</sup>-Activated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents (2008)

We report on the mechanism of a series of Zn (II)-activated magnetic resonance contrast agents that modulate the access of water to a paramagnetic Gd (III) ion to create an increase in relaxivity upon binding of Zn (II). In the absence and presence of Zn (II), the coordination at the Gd (III) center is modulated by appended Zn (II) binding groups. These groups were systematically varied to optimize the change in coordination upon Zn (II) binding. We observe that at least one appended aminoacetate must be present as a coordinating group to bind Gd (III) and effectively inhibit access of water. At least two binding groups are required to efficiently bind Zn (II), creating an unsaturated complex and allowing access of water. (13)C isotopic labeling of the acetate binding groups for NMR spectroscopy provides evidence of a change in the metal coordination of these groups upon the addition of Zn (II) supporting our proposed mechanism of activation as presented.
The specificity of a 7 α-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1976)

1. Thirty-eight steroids were tested as substrates for a 7 alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase preparation from a strain of Escherichia coli; an improved method of making the crude enzyme is described. 2. Steroids having a 7 alpha-hydroxyl group in the molecule were substrates except (a) when the 5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid side chain was shortened to less than four carbon atoms and (b) in certain cases when sulphate ester groups were present in the molecule. 3. For testing with the enzyme, a new specimen of 7 alpha-hydroxy-3,12-dioxo-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid was made, which had properties different from those previously described.
[Effect of a prolonged load with KKS preparations on the course of the adrenergic reaction in pancreatomized dogs]. (1980)

Repeated administration of the kinin-active and kinin-inhibiting agents induced a paradoxical response to noradrenaline in the pancreatectomized dogs: the kallikrein did not essentially change the pressor effect and weakened the cholinergic component of noradrenaline effect whereas the kontrikal weakened the pressor action of moderate and large doses of noradrenaline and abolished the effect of small doses.
Chelation- and Non-chelation-Controlled Addition of 2-(Trimethylsilyl)thiazole to .alpha.-Amino Aldehydes: Stereoselective Synthesis of the .beta.-Amino-.alpha.-hydroxy Aldehyde Intermediate for the Preparation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteinase Inhibitor Ro 31-8959 (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelation- and Non-chelation-Controlled Addition of 2-(Trimethylsilyl)thiazole to .alpha.-Amino Aldehydes: Stereoselective Synthesis of the .beta.-Amino-.alpha.-hydroxy Aldehyde Intermediate for the Preparation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteinase Inhibitor Ro 31-8959Alessandro Dondoni, Daniela Perrone, and Pedro MerinoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 24, 8074–8080Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00129a057https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00129a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1078Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Emerging Roles of Zinc in Infant Nutrition, Development, and Infectious Diseases: Part 1 (2001)

This article discusses the emerging roles of zinc in health and disease during infancy and throughout early childhood. To highlight the physiologic consequences of dietary zinc deficiency and the positive effects of zinc supplementation on growth, cognitive development, diarrhea, and other infectious diseases, we focus on published reports from intervention and descriptive studies of infants and children in both industrialized and developing countries. Other information we present will help clinicians to identify risk factors for pediatric zinc deficiency. Throughout, we have provided suggestions for practitioners to help increase awareness of the possibility of low zinc status and its consequences in at-risk patients. Finally, we present several food-based strategies to improve zinc status during infancy and childhood. Although direct zinc supplementation can be accomplished, food-based interventions for increasing zinc intake are preferred because they can affect larger numbers of people at reasonable costs. They also avoid many of the patient compliance issues that frequently accompany direct supplementation regimens. Substantial research in many different population groups indicates that improved zinc nutriture should be an important public health priority for both industrialized and developing countries.
Clinical efficacy of hepatic artery embolization for polycystic liver (2014)

Objective
To explore the clinical efficacy of hepatic arterial embolization for polycystic liver.


Methods
Five patients diagnosed by CT were collected, whose clinical manifestations were abdominal distension, early satiety, lower extremity edema, gastroesophageal reflux and so on. After femoral artery was punctured, the catheter was sent into hepatic artery for angiography to confirmed cysts artery. PVA particles and micro-coils were used to embolize the arteries of cysts. Volume of cystic was compared between preoperative and postoperative.


Results
All patients were embolized successfully once. Preoperative cyst volume was 2980—5020 cm3 (the average was [3760±860]cm3). After 12 months, cyst volume was 2135—3263 cm3 (the average was [2570±490]cm3). The cyst volume after 12 months was smaller than preoperation (P<0.05). Hospital day was 5—9 days (the average was [6.8±1.5]days).


Conclusions
Hepatic artery embolization is a new method for polycystic liver. This method was safe, minimally invasive, repeatability and can be better to reduce the patient's symptoms.


Key words: 
Polycystic liver disease; Hepatic artery; Embolization, therapeutic; Efficacy
State of the Art of Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control in Power Electronics (2012)

This paper addresses to some of the latest contributions on the application of Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) in Power Electronics. In FCS-MPC , the switching states are directly applied to the power converter, without the need of an additional modulation stage. The paper shows how the use of FCS-MPC provides a simple and efficient computational realization for different control objectives in Power Electronics. Some applications of this technology in drives, active filters, power conditioning, distributed generation and renewable energy are covered. Finally, attention is paid to the discussion of new trends in this technology and to the identification of open questions and future research topics.
Production of Gynogenetic Plants of Onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.) after Crossing with Irradiated Pollen (1993)

Abstract The possibility of producing gynogenetic plants with pollen inactivated by irradiation was explored for the onion ( Allium cepa L.). Two successive experiments included the use of cytoplasmic male sterility, recessive nuclear markers in the female plants and pollen irradiation of 150 Gy. Pollinations were achieved with the aid of flies and all seeds were harvested without the use of embryo rescue. Plantlets with recessive characters could be detected and they contained haploid and diploid cells. The development of these plantlets until flowering was observed under agronomic conditions. The use of doubled haploid (DH) plants in onion breeding is discussed.
A Rare cause of postprandial abdominal pain (2015)

A 49-year-old woman with medical history of polymyalgia rheumatica presented with 3 weeks history of epigastric pain worse after meal. Gallstones, peptic ulcer, bowel ischemia, bowel obstruction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, chest pathology, etc., were excluded from the study. Computerized tomography showed a short stenotic segment at coeliac trunk with poststenotic dilatation of 8 mm. Ultrasound scan showed peak velocity of 326 cm/s at the coeliac artery. Diagnosis of median arcuate ligament syndrome was made.
A two-wire spiral antenna with unbalanced feed (2002)

A two-wire spiral antenna has been numerically analyzed in the presence of a conducting plane reflector. The analysis shows that, when the outer circumference is appropriately chosen, the antenna radiates a circularly polarized (CP) wave in the direction normal to the antenna plane. In practice, a balun circuit is required to achieve anti-phase excitation for the CP radiation in the normal direction. This paper proposes a novel unbalanced feed system, which achieves quasi-anti-phase excitation without a balun circuit. The antenna is fed from a single coaxial line. The radiation characteristics are numerically investigated and compared with those for a conventional spiral antenna with a balanced feed system.
Vascular endothelial growth factor is of high prognostic value in node-negative breast carcinoma. (1998)

The results suggest that the level of VEGF165 protein is an independent, strong prognostic factor for survival in patients with NNBC, especially in the subgroup of patients with ER positivity. Thus, cytosolic VEGF165 might be useful to select patients for adjuvant systemic therapy.
Muscle strength and power changes during maximal isokinetic training. (1978)

This study investigated the effects of short duration, high intensity training on skeletal muscle. The extensors and flexors of the knee were tested and exercised by means of an isokinetic dynamometer. Measurements of peak torque were obtained at velocities ranging from 0 degrees/sec (isometric) to 300 degrees/sec through a distance of 90 degrees. Total work output was measured during repeated knee extensions and flexions for work tasks of 6 sec and 30 sec duration. A 1-min test of repeated maximal contractions was administered to examine muscular fatiguability before and after training. The subjects trained one leg with repeated 6 sec exercise bouts, while the other leg was trained using repeated 30 sec bouts. All training and testing was executed at near maximal force and at a constant velocity (180 degrees/sec). The subjects trained four times per week for a period of seven weeks. The daily work output was equal for the 6 and 30 sec training legs. Results indicate that: (1) isokinetic training programs of 6 and 30 seconds duration can significantly (P less than .05) increase peak muscular torque; (2) training velocity may be an important consideration in improving peak torque; (3) total work output was increased an average of 30% with either training at relatively slow (60 degrees/sec) or fast (180 degrees/sec) velocities; (4) both training programs significantly reduced the fatiguability of the knee extensor muscles.
Chiral Pyridines:  Optical Resolution of 1-(2-Pyridyl)- and 1-[6-(2,2‘-Bipyridyl)]ethanols by Lipase-Catalyzed Enantioselective Acetylation (1998)

The resolution of racemic 1-(2-pyridyl)ethanols 2a-n, including the 2,2'-bipyridyl and isoquinolyl derivatives, by lipase-catalyzed asymmetric acetylation with vinyl acetate is reported. The reactions were carried out in diisopropyl ether at either room temperature or 60 degrees C using Candida antarctica lipase (CAL) to give (R)-acetate and unreacted (S)-alcohol with excellent enantiomeric purities in good yields. The reaction rate was relatively slow at room temperature for substrates bearing an sp(3)-type carbon at the 6-position on the pyridine ring, such as 2c, 2d, and 2e, and for those bearing 1-hydroxypropyl and allyl groups at the 2-position on the pyridine ring, such as 2l and 2m. In such cases, a higher temperature was required. Thus, when the reaction was conducted at 60 degrees C, it was accelerated 3- to 7-fold without losing the high enantiospecificity. However, the reaction of homoallylic alcohol 2n was not complete, even when the reaction was continued for a longer period of time at 60 degrees C. This enzymatic resolution can be used practically in a wide range of reaction scales from 10 mg to 10 g or more. This catalyst can be used repeatedly with a 5-10% loss of the initial activity with each use.
Synthesis of a novel supported solid acid BF3 catalyst (1998)

K. Wilson and J. H. Clark, Chem. Commun., 1998, 2135 DOI: 10.1039/A806060F
Introducing process variability score for process window OPC optimization (2009)

As the IC Industry moves towards 32nm technology node and below, it becomes important to study the impact of process window variations on yield. PVBands is a technique to express process parameter variations such as dose, focus, mask size, etc. However, PVBands width and area ratio alone are insufficient as a quantitative measure for judging the PVBand performance, as it does not take into consideration how far away the contours are from the target. In this paper, a novel mathematical formulation is developed to better judge the PVBands performance. It expresses the PVBand width and symmetry with respect to the target through a single score. This score can be used in OPC (Optical Proximity Correction) iterations instead of working with the nominal EPE (Edge Placement Error). Not only does this approach provide a better measure of the PVBands performance through the value of the score, but it also presents a straightforward method for PWOPC optimization by using the PV Score directly in the iterations.
Diabetes Mellitus and Exercise (1992)

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important life-style related diseases. As for the type 2 diabetes mellitus in particular, lack of exercise has a large influence on the onset and disease progress. We can improve glucose tolerance by exercising. Exercise is the most important fundamental treatment in diabetes mellitus. Continuation and safety become important to let exercise therapy succeed. It is important with a diabetic that a lot of patients without exercise habit should start to gain exercise habit. When we expect an exercise effect, we should take consideration of intensity and volume in exercise for performing. We should consider each contraindication matter even if we put it to have many complications with a diabetic when we perform exercise therapy. A case-by-case exercise treatment in diabetic patient is required.