gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nutraceuticals as Ligands of PPAR<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">γ</mml:mi></mml:math> (2012)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated nuclear receptors that respond to several exogenous and endogenous ligands by modulating genes related to lipid, glucose, and insulin homeostasis. PPARγ, expressed in adipose tissue and liver, regulates lipid storage and glucose metabolism and is the target of type 2 diabetes drugs, thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Due to high levels of toxicity associated with the first generation TZDs, troglitazone (Rezulin), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and pioglitazone (Actos), there is a renewed search for newer PPAR drugs that exhibit better efficacy but lesser toxicity. In recent years, there has been a definite increase in the consumption of dietary supplements among diabetics, due to the possible health benefits associated with these nutraceutical components. With this impetus, investigations into alternative natural ligands of PPARs has also risen. This review highlights some of the dietary compounds (dietary lipids, isoflavones, and other flavanoids) that bind and transactivate PPARγ. A better understanding of the physiological effects of this PPAR activation by nutraceuticals and the availability of high-throughput technologies should lead to the discovery of less toxic alternatives to the PPAR drugs currently on the market.
Humans With Atherosclerosis Have Impaired ABCA1 Cholesterol Efflux and Enhanced High-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation by Myeloperoxidase (2014)

Our observations indicate that myeloperoxidase may contribute to the generation of dysfunctional HDL with impaired ABCA1 efflux capacity in humans with atherosclerosis. Quantification of chlorotyrosine and oxidized methionine in circulating HDL might be useful indicators of the risk of cardiovascular disease that are independent of HDL-cholesterol.
A 90nm 8ձ6 LUT-based FPGA Enhancing Speed and Yield Utilizing Within-Die Variations (2006)

We have fabricated an LUT-based FPGA device with functionalities measuring within-die variations in a 90nm process. Measured variations are used to configure each device to maximize the operating frequency by allocating critical paths in faster portions. Variations are measured using ring oscillators implemented as a configuration of the FPGA. Placement optimization using a simple model circuit reveals that performance of the circuit is enhanced by 4% in average, which is the same amount as the measured within-die variations. The yield is enhanced by 32% to the worst case
Corn Breakage in Overseas ShipmentsTwo Case Studies (1977)

ABSTRACT IDENTITY preserved shipments of grain from Toledo, Ohio, to Rotterdam, Holland and from Peoria, Illinois, to Mexico were extensively sampled from point to point throughout the market channel. Determinations of broken corn and foreign material (BCFM), particle size distributions, percent whole kernels, test weight, moisture content, breakage tests, and limited stress crack analyses were performed on the corn samples. In the Toledo-Rotterdam shipment, average BCFM increased from 3.6 percent to 15 percent. Breakage tester results were in the 18 to 26 percent range. In the Peoria-Mexico ship-ment, average BCFM increased from 1.2 percent to approximately 5.3 percent. Breakage tester results were in the 3 to 10 percent range. High percentages of initial multiple stress cracks associated with high break-age tester results were often indicative of corn with high percentages of BCFM generated through repeated handling.
Neonatal Outcome of Expectant Mothers at Risk: A Community Level Study in Nepal (2015)

Neonatal mortality is still high in Nepal with U5MR 54 and IMR 46 per 1000 live births. 1 out of 22 Nepali child dies before age 1 year and 1 in 19 dies before he or she turns 5 years. In a low resource country like Nepal if expectant mothers are screened for risk factors and extra care given within existing resources for those who need more, there will be an impact on their risk status and on the outcome of pregnancy. In this study 187 expectant mothers were grouped into low and high risk categories using simple scoring system and their neonatal outcome was observed. Neonatal Death and Low Birth Weight (LBW) were undesirable outcome. At risk mothers can be identified with a simple risk scoring system at community level and timely intervention has definite impact on neonatal outcome.
Computing with geometric objects (1984)

The types of computer applictions dominant at different times may be classified into three generations according to their influence on the development of computing.
Biofilm Development and Cell Death in the Marine Bacterium <i>Pseudoalteromonas tunicata</i> (2004)

The newly described green-pigmented bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata (D2) produces target-specific inhibitory compounds against bacteria, algae, fungi, and invertebrate larvae and is frequently found in association with living surfaces in the marine environment. As part of our studies on the ecology of P. tunicata and its interaction with marine surfaces, we examined the ability of P. tunicata to form biofilms under continuous culture conditions within the laboratory. P. tunicata biofilms exhibited a characteristic architecture consisting of differentiated microcolonies surrounded by water channels. Remarkably, we observed a repeatable pattern of cell death during biofilm development of P. tunicata, similar to that recently reported for biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (J. S. Webb et al., J. Bacteriol. 185:4585-4595, 2003). Killing and lysis occurred inside microcolonies, apparently resulting in the formation of voids within these structures. A subpopulation of viable cells was always observed within the regions of killing in the biofilm. Moreover, extensive killing in mature biofilms appeared to result in detachment of the biofilm from the substratum. A novel 190-kDa autotoxic protein produced by P. tunicata, designated AlpP, was found to be involved in this biofilm killing and detachment. A Delta alpP mutant derivative of P. tunicata was generated, and this mutant did not show cell death during biofilm development. We propose that AlpP-mediated cell death plays an important role in the multicellular biofilm development of P. tunicata and subsequent dispersal of surviving cells within the marine environment.
Nucleosides. XIX. Structure of the 2'-Halogeno-2'-Deoxypyrimidine Nucleosides<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleosides. XIX. Structure of the 2'-Halogeno-2'-Deoxypyrimidine Nucleosides1John F. Codington, Iris L. Doerr, and Jack J. FoxCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 3, 564–569Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01026a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01026a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Auditory Hair Cells: Structure, Function, Development, and Regeneration (1991)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Lipocalin 2‐mediated growth suppression is evident in human erythroid and monocyte/macrophage lineage cells (2007)

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a secreted protein of the lipocalin family, induces apoptosis in some types of cells and inhibits bacterial growth by sequestration of the iron-laden bacterial siderophore. We have recently reported that LCN2 inhibits the production of red blood cells in the mouse. Here we analyzed the role of LCN2 in human hematopoiesis. Expression of LCN2 was observed not only in mature cells such as those of the granulocyte/macrophage and erythroid lineages but also in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. We also examined expression of two candidate receptors for LCN2, brain type organic cation transporter (BOCT) and megalin, in various cell types. BOCT showed relatively high levels of expression in erythroid and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells but lower levels in granulocyte/macrophage and T lymphoid cells. Megalin was expressed at high levels in T lymphoid and erythroid cells but at lower levels in granulocyte/macrophage lineage cells. LCN2 suppressed the growth of erythroid and monocyte/macrophage lineages in vitro, but did not have this effect on cells of other lineages. In addition, immature hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were not sensitive to LCN2. These results demonstrate a lineage-specific role for LCN2 in human hematopoiesis that is reminiscent of its effects upon mouse hematopoiesis and strongly suggest an important in vivo function of LCN2 in the regulation of human hematopoiesis.
Default-Mode Network Changes in Huntington’s Disease: An Integrated MRI Study of Functional Connectivity and Morphometry (2013)

Previous MRI studies of functional connectivity in pre-symptomatic mutation carriers of Huntington's disease (HD) have shown dysfunction of the Default-Mode Network (DMN). No data however are currently available on the DMN alterations in the symptomatic stages of the disease, which are characterized by cortical atrophy involving several DMN nodes. We assessed DMN integrity and its possible correlations with motor and cognitive symptoms in 26 symptomatic HD patients as compared to 22 normal volunteers, by analyzing resting state functional MRI data, using the Precuneal Cortex/Posterior Cingulate Cortices (PC/PCC) as seed, controlling at voxel level for the effect of atrophy by co-varying for gray matter volume. Direct correlation with PC/PCC was decreased, without correlation with atrophy, in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (including anterior cingulate and subgenual cortex), right dorso-medial prefrontal cortex, and in the right inferior parietal cortex (mainly involving the angular gyrus). Negative correlations with PC/PCC were decreased bilaterally in the inferior parietal cortices, while a cluster in the right middle occipital gyrus presented increased correlation with PC/PCC. DMN changes in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex significantly correlated with the performance at the Stroop test (p = .0002). Widespread DMN changes, not correlating with the atrophy of the involved nodes, are present in symptomatic HD patients, and correlate with cognitive disturbances.
Irreversible brain creatine deficiency with elevated serum and urine creatine: A creatine transporter defect? (2001)

Recent reports highlight the utility of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques to recognize creatine deficiency syndromes affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Reported cases demonstrate partial reversibility of neurologic symptoms upon restoration of CNS creatine levels with the administration of oral creatine. We describe a patient with a brain creatine deficiency syndrome detected by proton MRS that differs from published reports. Metabolic screening revealed elevated creatine in the serum and urine, with normal levels of guanidino acetic acid. Unlike the case with other reported creatine deficiency syndromes, treatment with oral creatine monohydrate demonstrated no observable increase in brain creatine with proton MRS and no improvement in clinical symptoms. In this study, we report a novel brain creatine deficiency syndrome most likely representing a creatine transporter defect.
One pot, single phase synthesis of thermo-sensitive nano-carriers by photo-crosslinking of a diacrylated pluronic (2008)

A simple, single phase synthesis method for the preparation of thermo-sensitive pluronic-based nano-carriers was developed. Pluronic-based nano-carriers that exhibit a sharp volume transition over a temperature range of 4–40 °C were prepared by aqueous phase photo-crosslinking of diacrylated pluronic F 127 (DA-PF 127) without using an organic dispersion phase. They showed hydrodynamic diameter variation (460 ± 37 nm at 4 °C, 55 ± 5 nm at 40 °C) while maintaining their structural stability. Target agents were efficiently loaded (>90%) by simple incubation with the nano-carriers at 4 °C. FITC-BSA loaded fluorescence imaging, gold nano-particle loaded TEM imaging, and the high loading capacity (over 200%) of the pluronic-based nano-carriers indicated a reservoir characteristic of the system. The release pattern of the loaded protein could be controlled repeatedly and reversibly by temperature change due to the thermo-sensitive properties of the nano-carriers.
Verbal behavior (1959)

I had intended this review not specifically as a criticism of Skinner's speculations regarding language, but rather as a more general critique of behaviorist (I would now prefer to say empiricist) speculation as to the nature of higher mental processes. My reason for discussing Skinner's book in such detail was that it was the most careful and thoroughgoing presentation of such speculations, an evaluation that I feel is still accurate. Therefore, if the conclusions I attempted to substantiate in the review are correct, as I believe they are, then Skinner's work can be regarded as, in effect, a reductio ad absurdum of behaviorist assumptions. My personal view is that it is a definite merit, not a defect, of Skinner's work that it can be used for this purpose, and it was for this reason that I tried to deal with it fairly exhaustively. I do not see how his proposals can be improved upon, aside from occasional details and oversights, within the framework of the general assumptions that he accepts. I do not, in other words, see any way in which his proposals can be substantially improved within the general framework of behaviorist or neobehaviorist, or, more generally, empiricist ideas that has dominated much of modern linguistics, psychology, and philosophy. The conclusion that I hoped to establish in the review, by discussing these speculations in their most explicit and detailed form, was that the general point of view was largely mythology, and that its widespread acceptance is not the result of empirical support, persuasive reasoning, or the absence of a plausible alternative.
A model for estimating trace-sample miss ratios (1991)

Unknown references, also known as cold-start misses, arise during trace-driven simulation of uniprocessor caches because of the unknown initial conditions. Accurately estimating the miss ratio of unknown references, denoted by &mu;, is particularly important when simulating large caches with short trace samples, since many references may be unknown.In this paper we make three contributions regarding &mu;. First, we provide empirical evidence that &mu; is much larger than the overall miss ratio (e.g., 0.40 vs. 0.02). Prior work suggests that they should be the same. Second, we develop a model that explains our empirical results for long trace samples. In our model, each block frame is either live , if its next reference will hit, or dead, if its next reference will miss. We model each block frame as an alternating renewal process, and use the renewal-reward theorem to show that &mu; is simply the fraction of time block frames are dead. Finally, we extend the model to handle short trace samples and use it to develop several estimators of &mu;. Trace-driven simulation results show these estimators lead to better estimates of overall miss ratios than do previous methods.
Using Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRR) to Design Bandpass Waveguide Filters (2007)

Split Ring Resonators (SRR) and Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRR) are widely used to simulate metamaterial elements. Such elements are arranged uniformly in a periodic configuration and behave as artificial materials with unusual properties. In this paper, CSRRs are used to design a bandpass waveguide filter in the X-band. The frequency behavior of these elements in the waveguide is similar to that of a transmission line loaded with series or parallel L and C components. Consequently, the resonance frequency and bandwidth of the filter can be adjusted by proper choice of the CSRR geometrical dimensions. Simulation results by Ansoft HFSS (Based on the Finite Element Method) confirm the results of circuit model of the filter.
Area Spectral Efficiency of Soft-Decision Space–Time–Frequency Shift-Keying-Aided Slow-Frequency-Hopping Multiple Access (2012)

Slow-frequency-hopping multiple access (SFHMA) can provide inherent frequency diversity and beneficially randomize the effects of cochannel interference. It may also be advantageously combined with our novel space-time-frequency shift keying (STFSK) scheme. The proposed system's area spectral efficiency is investigated in various cellular frequency reuse structures. Furthermore, it is compared to both classic Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK)-aided SFHMA and GMSK-assisted time-division/frequency-division multiple access (TD/FDMA). The more sophisticated third-generation wideband code-division multiple access (WCDMA) and the fourth-generation Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems were also included in our comparisons. We demonstrate that the area spectral efficiency of the STFSK-aided SFHMA system is higher than the GMSK-aided SFHMA and TD/FDMA systems, as well as WCDMA, but it is only 60% of the LTE system.
Genetically modified Escherichia coli for colorimetic detection of inorganic and organic Hg compounds (1997)

A sensitive colorimetric bacterial system was developed for the detection of Hg(II) and organomercury compounds. The bioactive species, a recombinant Escherichia coli, produces proportionally elevated levels of the enzyme beta-galactosidase with increasing amounts of Hg. This is due to a reporter plasmid which carriers a Hg(II)-inducible promoter (mer promoter) from the Hg resistance transposon Tn501 regulating the transcription of a promoterless lacZ gene. Additionally, a pMB1 origin of replication without the natural RNA polymerase start site is fused downstream of the mer promoter leading to a Hg(II)-inducible plasmid replication, which results in an improved signal-to-noise ratio. To enhance the sensitivity of this cellular biosensor, the transport proteins for Hg(II) uptake are constitutively produced by a helper plasmid. To enable the detection of organically bound Hg, the Streptomyces lividans organomercurical lyase, an enzyme which catalyses the cleavage of C-Hg-bonds of organomercurial compounds, is also provided by the helper plasmid. Hg(II) and phenylmercuric acetate (PMA) concentrations as low as 5 x 10(-10) M (0.1 ppb) may be detected within a few minutes.
Dust-Trash Removal by the SRRC Tuft-To-Yarn Processing System (1979)

A detailed study of the quality and quantity of fine dust and trash removed from cotton fibers by the SRRC Tuft-to-Yarn system in its various stages of processing is presented. Collection of fine dust and trash was accomplished by isokinetic sampling from the respective pneumatic systems of the mini-condensers and OE spinners. An impaction-type precutter permitted classifying dust particles from the sampled air into two fractions, one greater than 15 μm aerodynamic diameter and the other less. Three grades of cotton, SM, SLM, and SGO, were used in the study which also included a determination of the cleaning efficiency of each of the processing stages, based on trash content and amounts removed as measured by the Shirley analyzer. A comparison is made between the proportion of fine dust removed by the system and the residues of dust/trash found in conventional OE spinner rotors.
L-Proline as an efficient and reusable promoter for the synthesis of coumarins in ionic liquid (2008)

The effect of L-proline as a promoter on the condensation reaction of salicylaldehyde or its derivatives with ethyl acetoacetate in neutral ionic liquid [emim]BF4 was studied. All reactions were carried out under mild reaction conditions and achieved high yields. Moreover, the ionic liquid containing L-proline could be recycled and reused for several times without noticeably decreasing in productivity. The results show that the L-proline-[emim]BF4 system has a potential in contribution to the development of environmentally friendly and inexpensive processes in organic syntheses.
Detecting and defending against Web-server fingerprinting (2003)

Cyber attacks continue to increase in sophistication. Advanced attackers often gather information about a target system before launching a precise attack to exploit a discovered vulnerability. This paper discusses techniques for remote identification of web servers and suggests possible defenses to the probing activity. General concepts of finger-printing and their application to the identification of Web servers, even where server information has been omitted are described and methodologies for detecting and limiting such activity are discussed.
Growth of 6H and 4H silicon carbide single crystals by the modified Lely process utilizing a dual-seed crystal method (1996)

The influence of polarity on the SiC crystal growth has been demonstrated using a dual-seed technique to grow on both the C- and Si-face seed simultaneously. For the investigated range of growth conditions, 4H-SiC crystals were grown on the C-face of 6H-SiC seed crystals with on-axis orientation, when the growth rate exceeded 1.2 g/h. We were never able to grow 4H-SiC on the Si- face of 6H- or 4H-SiC seed crystals under these growth conditions. The incorporation of nitrogen is shown to be 2–3 times higher in crystals grown on the C-face than on the Si-face, and is independent of both polytype and 8° off-axis orientation. The addition of more than 15% silicon powder to the SiC sublimation source resulted in polycrystalline growth.
CRITICAL POINTS OF SMOOTH FUNCTIONS AND THEIR NORMAL FORMS (1975)

This paper contains a survey of research on critical points of smooth functions and their bifurcations. We indicate applications to the theory of Lagrangian singularities (caustics), Legendre singularities (wave fronts) and the asymptotic behaviour of oscillatory integrals (the stationary phase method). We describe the connections with the theories of groups generated by reflections, automorphic forms, and degenerations of elliptic curves. We give proofs of the theorems on the classification of critical points with at most one modulus, and also a list of all singularities with at most two moduli. The proofs of the classification theorems are based on a geometric technique associated with Newton polygons, on the study of the roots of certain Lie algebras resembling the Enriques-Demazure technique of fans, and on spectral sequences that are constructed with respect to quasihomogeneous filtrations of the Koszul complex defined by the partial derivatives of a function.