gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zika virus (II). Pathogenicity and physical properties (1952)

(1) A description is given of the adaptation to mice of two strains of Zika virus. Zika is the name of a forest area near Entebbe, Uganda, where both strains of virus were isolated. One of the strains was isolated from a pyrexial rhesus monkey which was being employed as a yellow fever sentinel and the other was obtained from a batch of A. africanus. (2) The signs of infection in mice are described. While mice of all ages tested are susceptible to intracerebral inoculations with Zika mouse brain virus, mice of 2 weeks of age and over can rarely be infected by the intraperitoneal route. Mice younger than 2 weeks are highly susceptible to intraperitoneal inoculation of the virus. (3) Zika virus is highly neurotropic in mice and no virus has been recovered from tissues other than the brains of infected mice. (4) Cotton-rats, guineapigs and rabbits show no clinical signs of infection after intracerebral inoculation of late passage mouse brain virus. (5) Monkeys develop an inapparent infection after subcutaneous inoculation with mouse brain virus. After intracerebral inoculation one of five monkeys showed a mild pyrexia, the others showed no signs of infection. Viraemia during the first week after inoculation has been found in all monkeys tested and antibody has been demonstrated by the 14th day after inoculation. (6) Of 99 human sera tested, 6 (6.1 per cent.)-have neutralized more than 100 LD50 of virus. Antibody has also been found in the serum of one of 15 wild monkeys tested. (7) The size of Zika virus is estimated to eb in the region of 30 to 45 mμ in diameter. The virus may be preserved up to 6 months in 50 per cent. glycerol and up to 30 months after drying. It is susceptible to anaesthetic ether and the thermal death point is 58°C. for 30 minutes. (8) Neuronal degeneration, cellular infiltration and areas of softening are present in infected mouse brains. Cowdry type A inclusion bodies have been found, particularly in the brains of young mice showing extensive lesions.
Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Major Depressive Disorder (1990)

Six subjects with DSM-III defined unipolar major depressive disorder had positron emission tomography scans using 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2FDG) before and after treatment with imipramine. Their 12 scans were compared to the scans of six controls matched for age. Significant reductions in metabolism for subjects in the depressed group were found on scans for both the anterior and right frontal regions. significant reductions in metabolism occurred more often in the right hemisphere than the left. No significant changes in metabolism could be attributed to imipramine. In addition, absolute metabolic rates were not related to the degree of depression pre- and post-treatment. The findings suggest that hypometabolism in the frontal cortex and right hemisphere may occur in major depressive disorders.
Increased expression of urokinase during atherosclerotic lesion development causes arterial constriction and lumen loss, and accelerates lesion growth (2002)

Overexpression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in endothelial cells can decrease intravascular thrombosis. However, expression of uPA is increased in atherosclerotic human arteries, which suggests that uPA might accelerate atherogenesis. To investigate whether elevated uPA expression accelerates atherogenesis, we cloned a rabbit uPA cDNA and expressed it in carotid arteries of cholesterol-fed rabbits. uPA gene transfer increased artery-wall uPA activity for at least 1 week, with a return to baseline by 2 weeks. One week after gene transfer, uPA-transduced arteries were constricted, with significantly smaller lumens and thicker walls, but no difference in intimal or medial mass. Two weeks after gene transfer, uPA- and control-transduced arteries were morphologically indistinguishable. By 4 weeks, however, uPA-transduced arteries had 70% larger intimas than control-transduced arteries (P < 0.01) and smaller lumens (P < 0.05). Intimal lesions appeared to be of similar composition in uPA- and control-transduced arteries, except that degradation of elastic laminae was evident in uPA-transduced arteries. These data suggest that elevated uPA expression in atherosclerotic arteries contributes to intimal growth and constrictive remodeling leading to lumen loss. Antagonists of uPA activity might, therefore, be useful in limiting intimal growth and preventing constrictive remodeling. Overexpression of uPA in endothelial cells to prevent intravascular thrombosis must be reconsidered, because this intervention could worsen underlying vascular disease.
Spark-machining (1969)

In Spark-Machining, which is also called Electric-Discharge Machining (EDM), sparks are used to remove material in a closely controlled manner from an electrically conducting workpiece immersed in a liquid dielectric. It is a machining process in the same sense as conventional milling or turning, &c., but as no contact with, or motion relative to, the workpiece is necessarily involved, spark-machining can achieve unorthodox operations impossible with mechanical tools.
Cognitive-Based Model for the Development of a Reading Tool in FSL (2002)

This paper investigates reading comprehension from a cognitive perspective. It explores the cognitive-based models used in language teaching to represent a learner's acquisition of a second language (SLL). It also explores how the same models are used in natural language processing (NLP) to describe text comprehension. Expertise from the two fields is brought together in the design and development of a cognitive-based software tool to help the learner of French as a second language (FSL) develop better reading strategies.
Measurement and Analysis of Peer-to-Peer Application Traffic Characteristics (2008)

In this study, we measure, model and analyze characteristics of traffic flows of P2P application Maze by capturing real traffic from an operational network. Maze is a P2P file-sharing system with a centralized, cluster-based search engine and a social network among peers. We report the models for flow arrival interval, flow size, flow duration and flow rate of Maze traffic flows. With the growing of peer-to-peer traffic, understanding traffic models and characteristics of peer-to-peer applications will benefit network design, traffic control procedure as well as network simulation.
A Catalytic Asymmetric Wagner−Meerwein Shift (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Catalytic Asymmetric Wagner−Meerwein ShiftBarry M. Trost and Tatsuro YasukataView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 29, 7162–7163Publication Date (Web):June 28, 2001Publication History Received26 February 2001Published online28 June 2001Published inissue 1 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja010504chttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja010504crapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4317Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Genetics,Hydrocarbons,Ionization,Ligands,Rearrangement Get e-Alerts
Perfusion Bioreactor for Small Diameter Tissue-Engineered Arteries (2004)

A scaleable perfusion bioreactor has been developed for tissue engineering of small diameter arterial constructs. This modular bioreactor allows for dynamic sequential seeding of smooth muscle and endothelial cells, biomechanical stimulation of cells during culture, and monitoring of tissue growth and maturation. Bovine aortic smooth muscle and endothelial cells were seeded onto porous tubular poly(glycolic acid) nonwoven scaffolds and cultured in the bioreactor under pulsatile flow conditions for up to 25 days. Cell proliferation was more than 3-fold after 4 days, smooth muscle cells expressed differentiated phenotype after 16 days, and collagen and elastin were distributed throughout the construct after 25 days of culture. In bioreactor experiments in which the construct lumen was seeded with endothelial cells by perfusion after 13 days of smooth muscle cell culture, endothelial cell seeding efficiency was 100%, and a confluent monolayer was observed in the lumen within 48 h. These data demonstrate that this perfusion bioreactor supports sequential seeding of constructs with smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Dynamic culture under pulsatile flow leads to cellular expression of differentiated function and extracellular matrix deposition toward the development of tissue-engineered arterial constructs.
Negative Spin Polarization of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>in Magnetite/Manganite-Based Junctions (2002)

Epitaxial oxide trilayer junctions composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) and doped manganite (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) exhibit inverse magnetoresistance as large as -25% in fields of 4 kOe. The inverse magnetoresistance confirms the theoretically predicted negative spin polarization of Fe3O4. Transport through the barrier can be understood in terms of hopping transport through localized states that preserve electron spin information. The junction magnetoresistance versus temperature curve exhibits a peak around 60 K that is explained in terms of the paramagnetic to ferrimagnetic transition of the CoCr2O4 barrier.
Dielectric and electromechanical properties of barium and zirconium co-doped sodium bismuth titanate (2000)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2000.
Study of meander line delay in circuit boards (2003)

A full-wave electromagnetic analysis using the moment method was performed on a set of meander lines located in a circuit board to determine the effect of meander pitch on delay. Detailed sensitivity studies performed on gridding, skin-effect models, and frequency content confirm the accuracy of these results.
Performance of daily activities by older adults with dementia: The role of an assistive robot (2013)

Older adults with cognitive impairment often have difficulties in remembering the proper sequence of activities of daily living (ADLs) or how to use the tools necessary to perform ADLs. They, therefore, require reminders in a timely fashion while performing ADLs. This is a very stressful situation for the caregivers of people with dementia. In this paper we describe a pilot study where a tele-operated assistive robot helps a group of older adults with dementia (OAwD) to perform an ADL, namely making a cup of tea in the kitchen. Five OAwD along with their caregivers participated in this study which took place in a simulated-home setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and usability of a robotic system in assisting the OAwD to perform ADL in a home setting. The findings from this study will contribute to achieve our ultimate goal of designing a full-fledged assistive robot that assists OAwD aging in their own homes. The assistive robots designed for people with dementia mostly focus on companionship. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first attempt to design an assistive robot which will provide step-by-step guidance to people with dementia in their activities of daily living.
Enaminones as Building Blocks in Heterocyclic Preparations: Synthesis of Novel Pyrazoles, Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazines, Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines Linked to Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole System (2012)

The unreported 2-[E-3-(N,N-dimethylamino)acryloyl]-3-methyl-5,6diphenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole 3 was prepared via the reaction of 2-acetyl-3methyl-5,6-diphenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole 2 with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA).Enaminone 3 underwent regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with nitrilimines 5a-f, to afford the corresponding pyrazoles 7a-f.The reaction of 7a,d,g with hydrazine hydrate, afforded the pyrazolo[3,4d]pyridazines 8a-c, respectively.Enaminone 3 also reacted with a hydrazines, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, 5-aminopyrazole 11, 6-aminothiouracil 15 and hippuric acid 22.The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral data and elemental analyses.2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Furthermore, many enaminones were found to exhibit several biological activities as antitumor, antibacterial and anticonvulsant agents. 10,11 the other hand, imidazoles possess important biological, pharmacological and therapeutic activities, 12,13 where midazoles are present in compounds that have antiasthmatic, 16 anti-inflammatory, 17 antiulcerative, 18 antithrombotic, 19 fungicidal 20 and herbicidal activities. 21Furthermore, some imidazo[2,1b]thiazoles were active against various cancer cell lines. 22Much interest has also been focused on the chemistry and anticonvulsant, analgesic, 23 antibacterial 24 and antisecretory 25 activities displayed by
High-level circuit modeling for power estimation (2003)

In this paper, a method for accurate modeling of timing behavior and power consumption of digital circuits is presented. The model is based on the parameter extraction of the basic cells by circuit level simulations. This information is then embedded in a high-level description (VHDL) for every basic cell. The circuit simulations for each cell are executed only once in order to create a cell library including the VHDL models. Due to the complex timing model in the high-level descriptions, the switching activity in a larger circuit can be determined quite accurately. Besides timing, the power consumption for every possible input transition is also included in the cell descriptions. Thus, quite accurate power estimation of large circuits is possible by a simple event driven simulation with a conventional VHDL-simulator. The computation time of this method is about four orders of magnitude shorter than power estimation by SPICE. The presented model in combination with the VHDL-simulator is applied for the comparing different multiplier architectures in terms of power consumption.
Filtration : equipment selection, modelling and process simulation (1999)

Hardbound. The aim of this book is to inform engineers about the available equipment options for solid/liquid separation, to put these into classifications so that an engineer can make an informed equipment selection for a particular separations problem, and to present applicable models so that meaningful design and simulation calculations can be carried out. Within this context the role of expert systems and computer simulations are elucidated, with many examples showing the nature of calculations that can be undertaken and their significance. The focus of this book is design and simulation, linking practical aspects of filter selection and design to models that have been proven by industrial practice. An overall aim of this book is to bring closer together and rationalise both practical information and fundamental knowledge. In doing so, the importance of both must be recognised and the synergy that results from a good understanding used to impro
hVps15, but not Ca2+/CaM, is required for the activity and regulation of hVps34 in mammalian cells (2008)

The mammalian Class III PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), hVps34 [mammalian Vps (vacuolar protein sorting) 34 homologue], is an important regulator of vesicular trafficking, autophagy and nutrient sensing. In yeast, Vps34 is associated with a putative serine/threonine protein kinase, Vps15, which is required for Vps34p activity. The mammalian homologue of Vps15p, hVps15 (formerly called p150), also binds to hVps34, but its role in hVps34 signalling has not been evaluated. In the present study we have therefore compared the activity and regulation of hVps34 expressed without or with hVps15. We find that hVps34 has low specific activity when expressed alone; co-expression with hVps15 leads to a marked increase in activity. Notably, beclin-1/UVRAG (UV radiation resistance-associated gene) activation of hVps34 requires co-expression with hVps15; this may be explained by the observation that beclin-1/UVRAG expression increases hVps34/hVps15 binding. Regulation of hVps34 activity by nutrients also requires co-expression with hVps15. Finally, given a recent report that hVps34 activity requires Ca2+/CaM (calmodulin), we considered whether hVps15 might be involved in this regulation. Although hVps34 does bind CaM, we find its activity is not affected by treatment of cells with BAPTA/AM [1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl ester)] or W7. Removal of CaM by EDTA or EGTA washes has no effect on hVps34 activity, and hVps34 activity in vitro is unaffected by Ca2+ chelation. The results of the present study show that, in mammalian cells, hVps34 activity is regulated through its interactions with hVps15, but is independent of Ca2+/CaM.
Selective Catalytic Oxidation of CH Bonds with Molecular Oxygen (2012)

Abstract Although catalytic reductions, cross‐couplings, metathesis, and oxidation of CC double bonds are well established, the corresponding catalytic hydroxylations of CH bonds in alkanes, arenes, or benzylic (allylic) positions, particularly with O 2 , the cheapest, “greenest”, and most abundant oxidant, are severely lacking. Certainly, some promising examples in homogenous and heterogenous catalysis exist, as well as enzymes that can perform catalytic aerobic oxidations on various substrates, but these have never achieved an industrial‐scale, owing to a low space‐time‐yield and poor stability. This review illustrates recent advances in aerobic oxidation catalysis by discussing selected examples, and aims to stimulate further exciting work in this area. Theoretical work on catalyst precursors, resting states, and elementary steps, as well as model reactions complemented by spectroscopic studies provide detailed insight into the molecular mechanisms of oxidation catalyses and pave the way for preparative applications. However, O 2 also poses a safety hazard, especially when used for large scale reactions, therefore sophisticated methodologies have been developed to minimize these risks and to allow convenient transfer onto industrial scale.
3D reconstruction and interaction for Smart City based on World Wind (2012)

With the rapid development of economy and society, timely access to effective information is becoming more and more significant. Intelligence and efficiency are the salient features of Smart City. Meanwhile, NASA World Wind, launched by National Aeronautics And Space Administration (NASA), an open source geographic software, is suitable as a development platform for Smart City. In this paper, we mainly introduce the applications of World Wind in the Internet of things and virtual reality, and demonstrate how to use World Wind to partially reconstruct a 3D virtual city and achieve the real-time weather information.
Change of Physical Properties of Ni/YSZ Cermets by the Continuous Reduction (1997)

Ni/YSZ cermets made from commercial YSZ and pre-calcined YSZ powder were exposed to the reducing atmosphere of 1000°C continuously, in order to clarify the change of physical properties and internal microstructure. Ni particles were sintered between YSZ particles and porosity was changed and conductivity was decreased, regardless the pre-calcination of the YSZ. In the cermets made from pre-calcined YSZ, porosity and pore diameter were increased and higher conductivity was obtained even after the 300hrs reduction. This is thought to be derived from the change of the structure in the cermets. Furthermore, the use of pre-calcined YSZ was revealed to be usefull to maintain the initial generation performance of the cell.
A full-duplex 10GBase-T transmitter hybrid with SFDR &#x003E;65dBc Over 1 to 400MHz in 40nm CMOS (2011)

A transmitter and echo cancellation hybrid for IEEE 802.3an 10GBase-T Ethernet standard is presented, that utilizes DSP techniques to enhance the linear cancellation, and analog non-linearity cancellation to eliminate the need of a high linearity transmitter. Implemented in 40nm CMOS, the transmitter has a residual distortion <; -65dBc and residual linear echo <; -30dBc over a bandwidth of 1 to 400MHz. The transmitter, including the echo-cancellation circuitry and on-chip DSP engine, consumes 250mW power and occupies 0.9mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
COTTON MASS FLOW MEASUREMENT: EXPERIMENTS WITH TWO OPTICAL DEVICES (1999)

Mass flow measurement of pneumatically conveyed cotton is important in at least two processes: yieldmonitoring during harvesting, and input and output determinations at various stages of ginning. In this work, twoexperimental devices were constructed and tested for measuring the flow of pneumatically conveyed cotton. One(device A) was used to collect data in the seed-cotton unloading duct of a gin, a cotton picker duct, and a lint-cleaner-wasteduct. The other (device B) was used to collect data in the seed-cotton unloading duct of a gin and a lint-cleaner-wasteduct. Tests were conducted in which known amounts of cotton were conveyed through the duct over a known timeperiod, making it possible to calculate the average actual material flow rate. The average output of each device during thetest runs was also calculated. Actual flow rate was compared to measured flow rate with linear regression. For seedcotton in the unloading duct, both devices performed well. For seed cotton in the picker chute, device A performed well,but device B was not tested. For waste in the lint-cleaner-waste duct, device A performed well and better than device B. Inmost cases, the correlation between sensor output and cotton mass flow was strong. Both devices look promising forapplication in appropriate locations in a cotton picker or gin.