gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ayurvedic Profiling of Alzheimer's Disease. (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated, progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by severe memory loss, personality changes, and an overall decline in cognitive function. The cause of AD is not yet completely defined and efforts to find a cure for it have so far been disappointing. AD is one of the most significant health care problems nationally and globally. Recently, we described a personalized therapeutic approach called metabolic enhancement for neurodegeneration (MEND) that successfully reversed the cognitive decline in patients with early AD. The magnitude of the improvement was exceptional, providing testimony to the fact that a personalized and programmatic approach to cognitive decline is highly effective. Ayurveda is a personalized system of traditional medicine native to India and the Indian subcontinent. Although a direct reference to AD in the ancient Ayurvedic literature is missing, concepts including forgetfulness, memory loss, and brain cell loss have been described. Using the clinical information and the metabolic profiling of AD individuals we recently reported using the MEND program, we now describe in this commentary, 3 subtypes of AD based on the Ayurvedic interpretation. Ayurvedic profiling of patients with AD reveals 3 readily distinguishable subtypes, namely Vata, Pitta, and Krimi, which will prove useful in patients with cognitive decline and those at risk for such decline from the standpoint of specific subtype-based Ayurvedic intervention.
Analysis and Model of Low-Energy<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Production (1965)

The low-energy $\ensuremath{\Lambda}{K}^{0}$ production data are analyzed under the assumption of a ${K}^{*}$-exchange background. A new interesting result is found; namely, that the observed anomaly in the polarization and slight shoulder in the cross section at 829 MeV is apparently due to a narrow ${F}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ resonance located at 1647 MeV. The parameters of this resonance are determined from the data by adding its contribution to a model proposed previously by the author, which gave fairly good results above and below the energy of the anomaly, after modifying the contribution from a ${P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ resonance included in that model by taking into account the proper threshold behavior. Fits to all the data up to 1.03 BeV/c (900 MeV) (the region of validity of the previous model) are given. The result obtained for the product of relative partial widths agrees remarkably well with that predicted by unitary symmetry for a member of an octet with an asymmetry parameter of 0.674 (Carruther's model). It is also found that the ${P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ resonance (if it exists) cannot be a member of an octet, but it has to belong to either a $\overline{1}\overline{0}$ or 27 representation, if the ${F}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ resonance belongs to an octet. Experiments which might confirm or deny the existence of these resonances are suggested. Further, our method of analysis is extended to a more general type of background which includes contributions from the nucleon pole and baryon exchange terms.
Optical integration of the exciting laser pulse and ratio circuit for fast emission measurements (1976)

An economical ratio circuit for the measurement of fast emission signals induced by laser pulses is described. The laser pulse is first integrated by the use of a long-lived phosphor, and a photodetector is employed to provide the reference signal. The apparatus is used in combination with a single-beam sampling oscilloscope and a computer of average transients or with a single-channel boxcar integrator. In either case the ratio circuit can be used to correct for laser pulse amplitude variations.
Seizures in Alzheimer Disease: Clinical and Epidemiological Data (2012)

Alzheimer disease (AD) and epilepsy are disorders commonly seen in the elderly. Many studies have shown that patients with AD are at increased risk for developing seizures and epilepsy. Whereas, patients with specific types of epilepsy, such as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), experience some degree of cognitive dysfunction, questions have been raised as to whether these disorders share some underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms or whether one is an epiphenomenon of the other. In this report, we review some of the available clinical and epidemiologic literature on various aspects of the topic of seizures in AD, including seizure rates and types, risk factors for seizures, electroencephalographic findings, treatment options, limitations, and methodological issues. Overall, multiple aspects of the literature on seizures and epilepsy in AD, including diagnosis, risk factors, the role of EEG in diagnosis, and the response to treatment are not clear and suffer from many methodological limitations and gaps.
Synthesis of Manganese Dioxide from Manganese Acetate and Ammonium Peroxiodisulfate for Lithium Primary Cells (2002)

Manganese dioxides were prepared from heating manganese(II) acetate and ammonium peroxiodisulfate at 80-200°C for 1 h. The yield of manganese dioxide decreased with the heating temperature (>100°C). After heating at 375°C for 5 h in air, the formation of α-MnO2 and β-MnO2 phases was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The specific surface areas of the products heated at 375°C were 160-180 m2 g−1. When the products were used as the cathode materials of lithium / manganese oxide cells, the discharge capacities of these cells were 281-287 mAh g−1, which were higher than that of the cell using electrolytic manganese dioxide (210 mAh g−1). It was found that the product obtained by heating at 100°C is hopeful to be used as a cathode material.
Design, Control and Performance of<i>RiceWrist:</i>A Force Feedback Wrist Exoskeleton for Rehabilitation and Training (2008)

This paper presents the design, control and performance of a high fidelity four degree-of-freedom wrist exoskeleton robot, RiceWrist, for training and rehabilitation. The RiceWrist is intended to provide kinesthetic feedback during the training of motor skills or rehabilitation of reaching movements. Motivation for such applications is based on findings that show robot-assisted physical therapy aids in the rehabilitation process following neurological injuries. The exoskeleton device accommodates forearm supination and pronation, wrist flexion and extension and radial and ulnar deviation in a compact parallel mechanism design with low friction, zero backlash and high stiffness. As compared to other exoskeleton devices, the RiceWrist allows easy measurement of human joint angles and independent kinesthetic feedback to individual human joints. In this paper, joint-space as well as task-space position controllers and an impedance-based force controller for the device are presented. The kinematic performance of the device is characterized in terms of its workspace, singularities, manipulability, backlash and backdrivability. The dynamic performance of RiceWrist is characterized in terms of motor torque output, joint friction, step responses, behavior under closed loop set-point and trajectory tracking control and display of virtual walls. The device is singularity-free, encompasses most of the natural workspace of the human joints and exhibits low friction, zero-backlash and high manipulability, which are kinematic properties that characterize a high-quality impedance display device. In addition, the device displays fast, accurate response under position control that matches human actuation bandwidth and the capability to display sufficiently hard contact with little coupling between controlled degrees-of-freedom.
Fe<sup>II</sup>-to-Co<sup>III</sup> Charge-Transfer Transitions in Methylene-Bridged Metallocene Salts (2001)

Four compounds have been studied which contain ferrocene or octamethylferrocene donors linked by CH(2) bridges to cobaltocenium or pentamethylcobaltocenium acceptors. The electronic spectra of these compounds cannot be accounted for by superposition of those of the constituent metallocenes; in each case, a low-energy solvatochromic absorption is observed, the energy of which parallels the difference in electrode potentials between the iron and cobalt centers. This absorption is assigned to Fe(II)-to-Co(III) charge transfer; analysis using Hush theory gives delocalization parameters V and alpha in the ranges 46-130 meV and 0.019-0.069, respectively, indicating much stronger coupling between the metal centers than in structurally similar ferrocene/ferrocenium systems.
Reprogramming antitumor immunity against chemoresistant ovarian cancer by a CXCR4 antagonist-armed viral oncotherapy (2016)

Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy owing to late detection, intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance, and remarkable heterogeneity. Here, we explored approaches to inhibit metastatic growth of murine and human ovarian tumor variants resistant to paclitaxel and carboplatin by oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing a CXCR4 antagonist to target the CXCL12 chemokine/CXCR4 receptor signaling axis alone or in combination with doxorubicin. The resistant variants exhibited augmented expression of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 and CXCR4 along with elevated Akt and ERK1/2 activation and displayed an increased susceptibility to viral infection compared with the parental counterparts. The infected cultures were more sensitive to doxorubicin-mediated killing both <i>in vitro</i> and in tumor-challenged mice. Mechanistically, the combination treatment increased apoptosis and phagocytosis of tumor material by dendritic cells associated with induction of antitumor immunity. Targeting syngeneic tumors with this regimen increased intratumoral infiltration of antitumor CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. This was further enhanced by reducing the immunosuppressive network by the virally-delivered CXCR4 antagonist, which augmented antitumor immune responses and led to tumor-free survival. Our results define novel strategies for treatment of drug-resistant ovarian cancer that increase immunogenic cell death and reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, culminating in antitumor immune responses that control metastatic tumor growth.
Efficient Synthesis of Novel Porphyrin Dimers with Versatile Linkers via Bis(dipyrromethanes) in an Excellent Mixed-Solvent (2013)

A general and efficient protocol has been developed to synthesise a series of novel porphyrin dimers with versatile aryl linkers via a simultaneous condensation-cyclisation-oxidation reaction of diverse bis(dipyrromethanes) with dipyrromethane-dicarbinol catalysed by indium(iii) chloride at room temperature in an efficient CH2Cl2 and CH3CN mixed-solvent. The reaction yields increased to 21–26 % based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) and isolated yields were 13–19 % due to the use of the proper mixed-solvent. This mild method is applicable to the preparation of linker-tunable porphyrin dimers with targeted functionalities and could potentially be extended to the single-step construction of longer functionalised multiporphyrin arrays.
Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Discrete-Continuous Hybrid Action Spaces (2019)

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been applied to address a variety of cooperative multi-agent problems with either discrete action spaces or continuous action spaces. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous work has ever succeeded in applying DRL to multi-agent problems with discrete-continuous hybrid (or parameterized) action spaces which is very common in practice. Our work fills this gap by proposing two novel algorithms: Deep Multi-Agent Parameterized Q-Networks (Deep MAPQN) and Deep Multi-Agent Hierarchical Hybrid Q-Networks (Deep MAHHQN). We follow the centralized training but decentralized execution paradigm: different levels of communication between different agents are used to facilitate the training process, while each agent executes its policy independently based on local observations during execution. Our empirical results on several challenging tasks (simulated RoboCup Soccer and game Ghost Story) show that both Deep MAPQN and Deep MAHHQN are effective and significantly outperform existing independent deep parameterized Q-learning method.
A comparison of principal component analysis, multiway principal component analysis, trilinear decomposition and parallel factor analysis for fault detection in a semiconductor etch process (1999)

Multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) tools have been developed for monitoring a Lam 9600 TCP metal etcher at Texas Instruments. These tools are used to determine if the etch process is operating normally or if a system fault has occurred. Application of these methods is complicated because the etch process data exhibit a large amount of normal systematic variation. Variations due to faults of process concern can be relatively minor in comparison. The Lam 9600 used in this study is equipped with several sensor systems including engineering variables (e.g. pressure, gas flow rates and power), spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of the plasma and a radio-frequency monitoring (RFM) system to monitor the power and phase relationships of the plasma generator. A variety of analysis methods and data preprocessing techniques have been tested for their sensitivity to specific system faults. These methods have been applied to data from each of the sensor systems separately and in combination. The performance of the methods on a set of benchmark fault detection problems is presented and the strengths and weaknesses of the methods are discussed, along with the relative advantages of each of the sensor systems. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding-, intracellular transport-, and biosynthesis-defective mutants of vasopressin type 2 receptor in patients with X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (1995)

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is most often an X-linked disorder in which urine is not concentrated due to renal resistance to arginine vasopressin. We recently identified four vasopressin type 2 receptor gene mutations in unrelated X-linked NDI families, including R143P, delta V278, R202C, and 804insG. All these mutations reduced ligand binding activity to < 10% of the normal without affecting mRNA accumulation. To elucidate whether the receptors are expressed on the cell surface, we analyzed biosynthesis and localization of tagged or untagged receptors stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, using two antibodies directed against distinct termini. Whole-cell and surface labeling studies revealed that the R202C clone had both surface-localized (50-55 kD) and intracellular proteins (40 and 75 kD), similar to the wild-type AVPR2 clone, whereas the R143P and delta V278 clones lacked the surface receptors, despite relatively increased intracellular components. The 804insG mutant cell produced no proteins despite an adequate mRNA level. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the R202C mutant reaches the cell surface, whereas the R143P and delta V278 mutants are retained within the cytoplasmic compartment. Thus, R202C, R143P/delta V278, and 804insG result in three distinct phenotypes, that is, a simple binding impairment at the cell surface, blocked intracellular transport, and ineffective biosynthesis or/and accelerated degradation of the receptor, respectively, and therefore are responsible for NDI. This phenotypic classification will help understanding of molecular pathophysiology of this disorder.
Standing his ground (1998)

Gordon Rae was sacked after taking long-term sick leave because of back problems. Now he is using the disability discrimination act to fight for compensation
Synthesis, Structural and Chemical Characterization of Unsaturated C4- and C10-Bridged Group-4 ansa-Metallocenes Obtained Through a Ring-Closing Olefin Metathesis Reaction (2002)

Bis[(5-hexenyl)cyclopentadienyl]zirconium dichloride (3) underwent ring-closure olefin metathesis with loss of ethylene when treated with 10 mol % of the [Cl2(PCy3)2Ru=CHPh] catalyst in refluxing dichloromethane, to yield the large ansa-zirconocene complex [dec-5-ene-1,10-diylbis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)]ZrCl2 (trans-4). Characterization by NMR and by X-ray diffraction revealed that the isolated complex contained a trans-C=C double bond inside the ansa bridge. Similarly, bis[(allyl)cyclopentadienyl]ZrCl2 (7) gave the ansa-metallocene [but-2-ene-1,4-diylbis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)]zirconium dichloride (cis-8) when treated with the same ruthenium metathesis catalysts (10 mol %) under similar conditions, except that a cis-C=C double bond was now found to be present (shown by NMR and X-ray diffraction). The cis-8 complex was used as a homogeneous Ziegler−Natta catalyst for ethylene polymerization [after activation of the metallocene dichloride 8 with MAO (methylalumoxane) or treatment of the corresponding dimethylmetallocene complex 9 with B(C6F5)3]. Complex 8 was also converted into a mixture of (s-cis- and s-trans-η4-butadiene)-ansa-metallocene complexes (s-cis-15/s-trans-15 = 4:5) by treatment with (butadiene)magnesium. The C=C double bond of cis-8 could be hydroborated with 9-BBN or with the H−B(C6F5)2 reagent. Li+[B(C6F5)4−] added to cis-8 to yield an interesting solid-state chain structure in which the [Zr]Cl2 unit and the o-/m-F pairs of two −C6F5 groups were found to be in contact with the central lithium cation in a distorted octahedral coordination environment (as shown by X-ray diffraction). (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
Melanocytic Nevi, Solar Keratoses, and Divergent Pathways to Cutaneous Melanoma (2003)

Prevalences of nevi and solar keratoses differ markedly between patients with head and neck melanomas or LMM and patients with melanomas of the trunk. Cutaneous melanomas may arise through two pathways, one associated with melanocyte proliferation and the other with chronic exposure to sunlight.
WikiWiki weaving heterogeneous software artifacts (2005)

Good documentation benefits every software development project, especially large ones, but it can be hard, costly, and tiresome to produce when not supported by appropriate tools and methods.The documentation of a software system uses different artifacts, namely source code, for low-level internal documentation, and specific-purpose models and documents, for higher-level external documentation (e.g. requirements documents, use-case specifications, design notebooks, and reference manuals). All these artifacts require continual review and modification throughout the life-cycle to preserve their consistency and value.Good software documents are often heterogeneous, i.e., they combine different kinds of contents (text, code, models, images) gathered from separate software artifacts, a combination usually difficult to maintain as the system evolves over time, considering that source code, models and documents are typically produced and maintained separately in multiple sources using different environments and editors.This paper presents a wiki that helps on quickly weaving different kinds of contents into a single heterogeneous document, whilst preserving its semantic consistency. The fundamental goal of this wiki (XSDoc Wiki) is to reduce the development-documentation gap by making documentation more convenient and attractive to developers. An example taken from the JUnit framework documentation helps to illustrate the features more relevant to do such weaving.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i> strain BaiyuN (2018)

Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of a <i>Bombyx mori</i> strain BaiyuN, which is identified to be highly resistant to <i>Bombyx mori</i> nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). Its complete mitochondrial genome is 15,655 bp in length (GenBank accession no. MG797555), consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA, and 1 control region (494 bp). The complete mitogenome of the <i>B. mori</i> strain BaiyuN could provide a basic data for further phylogenetics and antivirus research.
Electrode Location and Audiologic Performance After Cochlear Implantation (2016)

The results of this study demonstrate that the Nucleus CI422 Slim Straight electrode is more likely to reside entirely within the ST when compared with the Nucleus CI512 Contour Advance electrode. Furthermore, AzBio scores were superior for patients with Nucleus CI422 Slim Straight electrodes in all patients, as well as those with only ST insertions.
Implantation of fibroblasts transfected with human granulocyte colony- stimulating factor cDNA into mice as a model of cytokine-supplement gene therapy (1989)

A fibroblast-mediated gene delivery method was used for the endogenous expression of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a model for cytokine supplement therapy. Human G-CSF cDNA was inserted into the plasmid expression vector BMGNeo, which contains a partial sequence of bovine papilloma virus and a selectable marker gene. The recombinant plasmid (BMGNeo-GCSF) was transfected into NIH/3T3 fibroblasts by the calcium phosphate coprecipitation method, and the stably transformed cells were isolated by G418 selection. An appropriate clone producing a large amount of G-CSF was selected by enzyme immunoassay of the culture supernatants. Southern blot analysis suggested that the BMGNeo-GCSF plasmid replicated mainly as an episome, and Northern blot analysis demonstrated the high expression of human G- CSF mRNA in the cells. After the implantation of the G-CSF-producing fibroblasts into nude mice, prominent neutrophilia, about 30-fold the level of normal control, was observed within seven days. Moreover, the number of hematopoietic progenitor cells in spleen remarkably increased for all cell lineages in these mice. To regulate the in vivo expression of G-CSF, we designed a subcutaneous diffusion chamber apparatus that contains the G-CSF-producing fibroblasts. The leukocytosis (neutrophilia) induced in C3H mice after embedding the device quickly disappeared after ethanol treatment of the chamber. Furthermore, reinjection of the G-CSF-producing fibroblasts into the chamber caused a second neutrophilia.
In vitro Comparison of Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) and Activated Carbon as Ammonia Absorbants in Fish Culture (2001)

Ammonia at relatively low concentration can have negative effects on fish tissues and physiological factors such as growth