gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<sup>27</sup>Al NMR Chemical Shifts in Oxide Crystals: A First-Principles Study (2009)

In the framework of density functional theory using periodic boundary conditions, 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters of 20 aluminum sites in 12 aluminum-containing crystalline oxides, i.e., Al2O3, LiAlO2, SiAl2O5, MgAl2O4, YAlO3, AlVO4, and their polymorphs, are investigated. The present method excellently reproduces the 27Al NMR parameters and the well-known empirical correlation of the isotropic chemical shifts, δiso, of 27Al nuclei with its number of coordinating oxygen atoms, i.e., coordination number. Through systematic calculations, we demonstrate that the mean Al−O bond order, QAl−O, can be a better parameter to correlate with 27Al δiso than merely averaged bond length or the coordination number. The relationship between δiso and QAl−O is also found to be valid for α-Al2O3 under hydrostatic pressures in which the coordination number is unchanged from six.
Mesa structure formation using potassium hydroxide and ethylene diamine based etchants (2003)

A comparative study was done between ethylene diamine-pyrocatechol (EDP) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) etching systems for micromachining mesas in
Immune elimination and immune retention: the relationship between antigen retained in the foot and the elicitation of footpad swelling. (1980)

We determined whether (1) long term antigen retention is present in distal sites after footpad challenge of immune mice; (2) if antigen retained in the foot is selectively localized; and (3) if the foot is adversely affected by the retained antigen. Mice immune or non-immune to human serum albumin (HSA) were injected in the hind footpads with 125I-HSA. In immune mice rapid clearance of radiolabel occurred in the liver, lungs, kidney, blood and urine but radiolabel was retained in the hind feet, draining lymph nodes and spleen. Non-immune mice rapidly cleared radiolabel from these sites. Autoradiography revealed that most of the radiolabel in the feet was in flexor tendons and tendon sheaths. Electron microscope autoradiography indicated that antigen was associated with collagen at the tendon surface, but not with cells or cell processes. Radiolabel solubilized from the feet, lymph nodes and spleen could be specifically precipitated with rabbit anti-HSA. Histological examination of the tendon and surrounding tissues did not show that retained antigen was causing inflammation or chronic tissue damage. Nanogram levels of antigen could elicit swelling in the sensitized foot even if the antigen was injected at a remote site, but mice immunized by other routes or against other antigens did not show footpad swelling. Antigen retained on collagenous tissues may induce hypersensitivity and thus play a role in rheumatic diseases.
Definitive Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy by Biochemical Assays (2004)

We propose a diagnostic algorithm based on the determination of plasma dThd and dUrd, TP activity in buffy coat, or both to make a definitive diagnosis of MNGIE. Increased concentrations of dThd (>3 micromol/L) and dUrd (>5 micromol/L) in plasma or a decrease in buffy coat TP activity to </=8% relative to controls is sufficient to diagnose MNGIE.
Transplantation of Autologous Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Complete Human Spinal Cord Injury (2013)

Numerous studies in animals have shown the unique property of olfactory ensheathing cells to stimulate regeneration of lesioned axons in the spinal cord. In a Phase I clinical trial, we assessed the safety and feasibility of transplantation of autologous mucosal olfactory ensheathing cells and olfactory nerve fibroblasts in patients with complete spinal cord injury. Six patients with chronic thoracic paraplegia (American Spinal Injury Association class A-ASIA A) were enrolled for the study. Three patients were operated, and three served as a control group. The trial protocol consisted of pre- and postoperative neurorehabilitation, olfactory mucosal biopsy, culture of olfactory ensheathing cells, and intraspinal cell grafting. Patient's clinical state was evaluated by clinical, neurophysiological, and radiological tests. There were no adverse findings related to olfactory mucosa biopsy or transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells at 1 year after surgery. There was no evidence of neurological deterioration, neuropathic pain, neuroinfection, or tumorigenesis. In one cell-grafted patient, an asymptomatic syringomyelia was observed. Neurological improvement was observed only in transplant recipients. The first two operated patients improved from ASIA A to ASIA C and ASIA B. Diffusion tensor imaging showed restitution of continuity of some white matter tracts throughout the focus of spinal cord injury in these patients. The third operated patient, although remaining ASIA A, showed improved motor and sensory function of the first spinal cords segments below the level of injury. Neurophysiological examinations showed improvement in spinal cord transmission and activity of lower extremity muscles in surgically treated patients but not in patients receiving only neurorehabilitation. Observations at 1 year indicate that the obtaining, culture, and intraspinal transplantation of autologous olfactory ensheathing cells were safe and feasible. The significance of the neurological improvement in the transplant recipients and the extent to which the cell transplants contributed to it will require larger numbers of patients.
A review of cermet-based spectrally selective solar absorbers (2014)

Spectrally selective solar absorbers harvest solar energy in the form of heat. Solar absorbers using cermet-based coatings demonstrate a high absorptance of the solar spectrum and a low emittance in the infrared (IR) regime. Extensive work has been done to optimize cermet-based solar absorbers to achieve high performance by exploring different cermet (ceramic–metal composite) materials and film configurations through different preparation techniques such as electrodeposition, sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, and solution-based methods. In this article, we review the progress of cermet-based spectrally selective absorbers with high solar absorptance and low thermal emittance, such as Cr2O3, Al2O3, AlN, SiO2, and ZrO2 based cermets as absorption layers. We also present an outlook for cermet-based spectrally selective absorbers with high thermal stability and high conversion efficiency from sunlight to heat.
<sup>18</sup> O Labeling: a tool for proteomics (2001)

An evaluation of the proteolytic labeling and quantification of proteins for diagnostic purposes using trypsin and 18O-enriched H2O is presented. We demonstrate that comparative or relative quantitation can be performed effectively with this approach. We have developed a protocol that allows the conservation of the labeled peptides in natural abundance water without fear of back-exchange providing that pH is sufficiently low to quench the catalytic activity of trypsin, but not so low as to promote chemical back-exchange. Because the labeling efficiency depends on the nature of the peptide, a simple linear relationship between the relative 16O/18O digest buffer mixture content (x) and labeling efficiency (y) does not exist; rather it follows a probability based y = x(2) relationship. As such, the extent of peptide labeling using 16O/18O digest buffer mixture ratios may deviate significantly from that expected based on a linear relationship. The evaluation of the relative Ziptip efficiency indicated a loss in sample recovery as the peptide concentration was reduced using normal conditions, suggesting that there is a limit below which there are diminishing returns. In addition, the adsorptive losses due to Speedvac dry down and recovery indicated modest (20%) losses that may vary widely (0-50%) from peptide to peptide. The in-solution digestion efficiency of standard protein mixtures as a function of concentration revealed a linear decrease with decreasing concentration. This is consistent with enzyme kinetic effects and emphasizes a potential quantitation error that could arise when evaluating differential expression based on peptide detection. The results from our studies demonstrate the power of 18O labeling as an optimization tool for proteomics process development.
Immunoaffinity isolation of CEACAM1 on hydrazide‐derivatized cellulose with immobilized monoclonal anti‐CEA antibody (2001)

Carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a human membrane glycoprotein belonging to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family and to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed in apical membranes of many epithelial cells in gastrointestinal and urogenital tract and also in granulocytes and lymphocytes, and its biological effect in human tissues has recently been discussed in literature. The purpose of this study was to isolate CEACAM1 glycoprotein from bile and characterize its purity and recovery which has not been described before. Affinity chromatography of CEACAM1 on hydrazide-activated cellulose with immobilized monoclonal anti-CEA F34-187 antibody is described. The immunoglobulin carbohydrate moiety was oxidized by periodate and then bound to hydrazide-activated matrix. Crude protein fraction from bile was applied on the affinity column and after extensive washing of non-bound proteins CEACAM1 was eluted with 6 M guanidine-HCl. A single immunopositive 85 kDa band was detected on Western blots with anti-CEA antibody after SDS-PAGE. We found out that CEACAM1 was not stainable with any common method of protein staining and the only non-specific method which could detect the 85 kDa band was a lectin staining.
<i>In ovo</i>oral vaccination with<i>cmpylobacter jejuni</i>establishes early development of intestinal immunity in chickens (1995)

1. Chick embryos were orally immunised at day 16 of incubation by injection of heat-killed Campylobacter jejuni organisms into the amniotic fluid. The response to vaccination was observed at 5 d after hatching or, in some birds which received a postnatal oral booster vaccination, at 7 d after hatching, and the response was observed at 14 d of age. 2. The titres of antibody in serum, bile and intestinal scrapings, the distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the spleen, duodenum and ileum and the expression on peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of the T cell surface markers CD3, CD4 and CD8 were determined. 3. Whereas low titres of anti-flagellin antibody were detected in serum, bile and intestinal scrapings of unimmunised birds, high titres were observed in immunised birds. 4. An increase in antibody of all isotypes was detectable in serum but the elevation in IgA antibody in intestinal scrapings and bile was particularly striking. This response was reflected in a dramatic increase in immunoglobulin-containing cells, detected by fluorescent histology, particularly those associated with IgA and IgM isotypes in the spleen and intestine of immunised birds. 5. Secondary oral boosting after hatching resulted in a depression in serum anti-flagellin antibody in immunised birds compared to pre-boosting titres (although still significantly higher than in non-immunised controls) but an increase in IgA antibody in intestinal scrapings and bile. The number of immunoglobulin-containing cells was also increased after boosting. 6. Neither immunisation regimen caused a significant change in the numbers of circulating CD3, CD4 or CD8 T cells. 7. These results indicate that in ovo oral immunisation with C. jejuni antigens stimulates the precocious development of immunity in chicks.
Silicon-based single-electron memory using a multiple-tunnel junction fabricated by electron-beam direct writing (1999)

Multiple-tunnel-junction-based nonvolatile single-electron-memory devices are promising for fast write/erase operation and long retention time. Fabrication of multiple-tunnel junctions with a predetermined number of barriers and islands is a major problem in realizing such devices. We have fabricated multiple-tunnel-junction-based single-electron devices by an electron-beam direct writing technique in a silicon-on-insulator layer. Using this technique, it is possible to fabricate multiple ultrasmall islands and tunnel barriers at a predetermined position, which is very important for reproducible device characteristics. Single-electron-memory devices based on multiple-tunnel junctions are fabricated. In these devices, a multiple-tunnel junction connects the gate electrode and a storage island. The Coulomb blockade across the multiple-tunnel junction acts as an energy barrier. Single-electron-memory operation is observed at 20 K. Retention time of at least 4 h has been observed.
Detecting anomalies in network traffic using maximum entropy estimation (2005)

We develop a behavior-based anomaly detection method that detects network anomalies by comparing the current network traffic against a baseline distribution. The Maximum Entropy technique provides a flexible and fast approach to estimate the baseline distribution, which also gives the network administrator a multi-dimensional view of the network traffic. By computing a measure related to the relative entropy of the network traffic under observation with respect to the baseline distribution, we are able to distinguish anomalies that change the traffic either abruptly or slowly. In addition, our method provides information revealing the type of the anomaly detected. It requires a constant memory and a computation time proportional to the traffic rate.
Edmund Spenser's Gown and Shilling (1947)

Edmund Spenser's Gown and Shilling Douglas Hamer Douglas Hamer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume os-XXIII, Issue 91, July 1947, Pages 218–225, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/os-XXIII.91.218 Published: 01 July 1947
1 GHZ phononic band gap structure in air/aluminum nitride for symmetric lamb waves (2011)

This paper presents the first demonstration of a new class of phononic band gap (PBG) structures in air/aluminum nitride (AlN) at 1 GHz for symmetric lamb waves. The unit cell of this design utilizes an X-shaped air inclusion, instead of the conventional circular ones, in a solid host material. This novel design extends the operating frequency of the AlN PBG to the GHz range by using a structure minimum feature size of 750 nm, instead of 300 nm required by the conventional circular design, which therefore lessens the requirements during the photolithography process. The experimental results confirm the existence of a frequency band gap from 860 MHz to 1.2 GHz with maximum attenuation of 40 dB in the Γ-X direction. The amplitude of rejection and the frequency stop band is verified by COMSOL <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> finite element method (FEM) simulation, proving, for the first time, that COMSOL <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> can be employed for the full characterization of these structures. Low-loss acoustic delay lines in AlN were employed to form the reference response to which the PBG is compared. The integration of PBGs with these acoustic elements is a clear evidence of the possibility to synthesize miniaturized RF MEMS platforms in the ultra high frequency (UHF) range.
DS-CDMA coherent uplink for mobile satellite communications (2002)

A pilot-aided coherent up-link transmission scheme is proposed for mobile satellite communications at L-band. The scheme is designed to possess small envelope fluctuations and low complexity. A rigorous analysis is performed for the proposed technique, when used in conjunction with a DS-CDMA, convolutionally encoded BPSK link. The analysis is validated through extensive simulations, which in addition account for non-ideal AFC. The results show a significant performance gain with respect to non-coherent schemes designed for similar links, which goes up to 1.8 dB for slow moving users exploiting dual-satellite diversity.
Platelets Recruit Human Dendritic Cells Via Mac-1/JAM-C Interaction and Modulate Dendritic Cell Function In Vitro (2007)

Recruitment of DCs by platelets, which is mediated via CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) and platelet JAM-C, leads to DC activation and platelet phagocytosis. This process may be of importance for progression of atherosclerotic lesions.
Gradient moment nulling for steady‐state free precession MR imaging of cerebrospinal fluid (1991)

Steady-state free precession (SSFP) pulse sequences can produce magnetic resonance (MR) images rapidly, in which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is several times more intense than the other tissues. However, motion in the presence of magnetic field gradients reduces the intensity of CSF drastically, unless the time integral of the gradient waveform between each radio-frequency (rf) pulse vanishes. The consequences of motion on SSFP are explored here in detail theoretically and experimentally. The principle of gradient moment nulling is applied with the objective of giving CSF in SSFP images uniformly high intensity everywhere, in spite of motion. Theoretical analysis of the phase of the transverse magnetization from a group of isochromats, with a trajectory described by a Taylor series, reveals how motion along each direction disrupts SSFP and also causes ghost artifacts. Images of CSF in the cervical spine are found to have less extensive flow voids and weaker ghosts from pulsation if the first moment calculated from the rf pulse to the center of the gradient echo vanishes for both the frequency encoding and slice selection gradient waveforms. However, first-order moment nulling of the phase encoding gradient waveform is unnecessary for SSFP imaging of CSF.
Building a Large-Scale Knowledge Base for Machine Translation (1994)

Knowledge-based machine translation (KBMT) systems have achieved excellent results in constrained domains, but have not yet scaled up to newspaper text. The reason is that knowledge resources (lexicons, grammar rules, world models) must be painstakingly handcrafted from scratch. One of the hypotheses being tested in the PANGLOSS machine translation project is whether or not these resources can be semi-automatically acquired on a very large scale. This paper focuses on the construction of a large ontology (or knowledge base, or world model) for supporting KBMT. It contains representations for some 70,000 commonly encountered objects, processes, qualities, and relations. The ontology was constructed by merging various online dictionaries, semantic networks, and bilingual resources, through semi-automatic methods. Some of these methods (e.g., conceptual matching of semantic taxonomies) are broadly applicable to problems of importing/exporting knowledge from one KB to another. Other methods (e.g., bilingual matching) allow a knowledge engineer to build up an index to a KB in a second language, such as Spanish or Japanese.
Morphology and host range of <i>Polymyxa graminis, Polymyxa betae,</i> and <i>Ligniera pilorum</i> from Ontario and some other areas (1979)

(1979). Morphology and host range of Polymyxa graminis, Polymyxa betae, and Ligniera pilorum from Ontario and some other areas. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 85-94.
Regulation of Gene Expression in<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>by Response Regulator 09 Is Strain Dependent (2007)

Recent murine studies have demonstrated that the role of response regulator 09 (RR09) of Streptococcus pneumoniae in virulence is different in different strains. In the present study, we used a murine pneumonia model of infection to assess the virulence of a TIGR4 rr09 mutant, and we found that TIGR4Deltarr09 was attenuated after intranasal infection. Furthermore, we investigated the in vitro transcriptional changes in pneumococcal rr09 mutants of two strains, D39 and TIGR4, by microarray analysis. The transcriptional profiles of the rr09 mutants of both strains had clear differences compared to the profiles of the parental wild-type strains. In D39Deltarr09, but not in TIGR4Deltarr09, genes involved in competence (e.g., comAB) were upregulated. In TIGR4, genes located on the rlrA pathogenicity islet, which are not present in the D39 genome, appeared to be regulated by RR09. Furthermore, several phosphotransferase systems (PTSs) believed to be involved in sugar uptake (e.g., the PTS encoded by sp0060 to sp0066) were strongly downregulated in D39Deltarr09, while they were not regulated by RR09 in TIGR4. To examine the role of one of these PTSs in virulence, D39Deltasp0063 was constructed and tested in a murine infection model. No difference between the virulence of this strain and the virulence of the wild type was found, indicating that downregulation of the sp0063 gene alone is not the cause of the avirulent phenotype of D39Deltarr09. Finally, expression of rr09 and expression of three of our identified RR09 targets during infection in mice were assessed. This in vivo experiment confirmed that there were differences between expression in wild-type strain TIGR4 and expression in the rr09 mutant, as well as differences between expression in wild-type strain D39 and expression in wild-type strain TIGR4. In conclusion, our results indicate that there is strain-specific regulation of pneumococcal gene expression by RR09.
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control: Human Factors Analysis (2013)

Traffic congestion is growing at a faster rate than can be alleviated solely by additional road construction. Various Intelligent Transportation Systems technologies aim to increase and improve transportation via non-traditional means. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is one such technology, intended to increase traffic throughput by safely permitting shorter following distances between vehicles. Both vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications help such endeavors at the micro- and macro-levels of traffic management. This report identifies the various ways in which the CACC concept could be realized and the human-factors-related implementation issues. Several research areas are suggested to address these human-factors issues.\n
FTIR Spectroscopy of the Atmosphere. I. Principles and Methods (2004)

Abstract In recent years Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been the dominant technique used for measuring the infrared (IR) absorption and emission spectra of most materials, with substantial advantages in signal‐to‐noise ratio, resolution, speed, and detection limits. The major advantage of the FTIR technique over other spectroscopic methods is that practically all compounds show characteristic absorption/emission in the IR spectral region and based on this property they can thus be analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The quest for highly sensitive detection methods for atmospheric trace gas samples, either in laboratory setup or in outdoor remote sensing, has been on agenda for several decades. The fast and intensive development of FTIR spectroscopic techniques has propelled the progress of trace gas analysis of the atmosphere. Since the early 1970s the number and scope of FTIR atmospheric measurements has increased steadily. In this review article we are making an attempt to summarize the results of the most significant contributions to the field of FTIR spectroscopy to trace gas analysis of the atmosphere. Beside the basic description of the extractive and open‐path measurement methods, the difficulties connected with collection of appropriate background reference spectra, the ways of qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluation of measured spectra, the problems of calibration, and the effects of spectral resolution on detection sensitivity are discussed. The techniques reviewed include in situ IR absorption measurements over open paths in the field, such as remote sensing using the sun, the sky, or natural hot objects as IR sources of radiation, and also IR emission measurements of hot trace gas sources e.g., stack emissions, exhaust gases of combustion sources, and other industrial effluents.