gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Interleukin-2 Receptor Subunit Detected by Cross-Linking Under High-Affinity Conditions (1986)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) binds to both high- and low-affinity classes of IL-2 receptors on activated T lymphocytes. Only the high-affinity receptors are involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and normally transduce the mitogenic signals of IL-2; however, the structural features distinguishing the high- and low-affinity receptors are unknown. When 125I-labeled IL-2 was chemically cross-linked to activated human T lymphocytes, two major bands were identified. First, as predicted, a 68- to 72-kilodalton band, consisting of IL-2 (15.5 kilodaltons) cross-linked to the IL-2 receptor (55 kilodaltons), was observed. Second, an unpredicted 85- to 92-kilodalton moiety was detected. This band was not present when IL-2 was cross-linked to transfected C127 cells, which exclusively express low-affinity receptors. The data presented are most consistent with the existence of a 70- to 77-kilodalton glycoprotein subunit (p70) which, upon associating with the 55-kilodalton low-affinity receptor (p55), transforms it into a high-affinity site. It is proposed that p55 and p70 be referred to as the alpha and beta subunits, respectively, of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor.
A Benchmark Data Set to Evaluate the Illumination Robustness of Image Processing Algorithms for Object Segmentation and Classification (2015)

Developers of image processing routines rely on benchmark data sets to give qualitative comparisons of new image analysis algorithms and pipelines. Such data sets need to include artifacts in order to occlude and distort the required information to be extracted from an image. Robustness, the quality of an algorithm related to the amount of distortion is often important. However, using available benchmark data sets an evaluation of illumination robustness is difficult or even not possible due to missing ground truth data about object margins and classes and missing information about the distortion. We present a new framework for robustness evaluation. The key aspect is an image benchmark containing 9 object classes and the required ground truth for segmentation and classification. Varying levels of shading and background noise are integrated to distort the data set. To quantify the illumination robustness, we provide measures for image quality, segmentation and classification success and robustness. We set a high value on giving users easy access to the new benchmark, therefore, all routines are provided within a software package, but can as well easily be replaced to emphasize other aspects.
A new compact position-sensitive PMT for scintillation detectors (1999)

A new compact position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PS-PMT), Hamamatsu R7600-C12, has been developed for scintillation detectors. The PS-PMT has 11 stages of metal channel dynodes [2] and 6(X)+6(Y) crossed plate anodes in a 25.7 mm square/spl times/20 mm high metal can package, where the photo-sensitive area is 22 mm square. The performance of the PS-PMT was evaluated in terms of applicability to radiation imaging systems. In comparison with the former type of PS-PMT (Hamamatsu R5900-C8), the new PS-PMT provides smaller light spread and better position response. Also, by removing the flange at the bottom of the PS-PMT, the ratio of the effective area to the outward area is increased. The spatial resolution capability was demonstrated by imaging a stratified LSO array having an element of 1.8 mm/spl times/1.8 mm/spl times/10 mm. Each crystal element is clearly identified on the image map with 662 keV uniform gamma-ray irradiation. This paper describes the characteristics of the new PS-PMT and the experimental results for a gamma-ray imaging detector.
Comparison of Clinical, Radiologic, and Serum Marker as Prognostic Factors after Severe Head Injury (1999)

The serum level of S-100B calculated within 1 to 6 hours of a severe head injury is a useful additional outcome predictor.
Fast audio-visual multi-person tracking for a humanoid stereo camera head (2007)

In this paper, we present an algorithm for real-time multi-person tracking with a humanoid sensor head featuring a stereo camera and multiple microphones. The proposed algorithm works with a dynamic combination of simple but fast features, which allow us to cope with limited on-board resources. By using a combination of democratic integration and layered sampling it can deal with deficiencies of single features as well as partial occlusion using the very same dynamic fusion mechanism. Both audio and video signals are processed to form a joint attention map of the surroundings. This map allows us to initialize tracks automatically and to control the robot's focus of attention dynamically.
The determination of soluble carbohydrate in dried samples of grass silage by the anthrone method (1950)

Abstract A method is described for the determination of the soluble carbohydrate content of dried samples of grass silage, using the anthrone reaction. The procedure described below is substantially similar to that of Morris except that modifications required for stabilization of the colour developed were used and a Hilger Spekker absorptiometer was the instrument selected for making the determinations. The silage extracts used were partial hydro‐lysates obtained by heating the dried material with o‐25N‐H 2 SO 4 for a short period.
Epigenetic Silencing of miR-137 Is an Early Event in Colorectal Carcinogenesis (2010)

Global downregulation of microRNAs (miRNA) is a common feature in colorectal cancer (CRC). Whereas CpG island hypermethylation constitutes a mechanism for miRNA silencing, this field largely remains unexplored. Herein, we describe the epigenetic regulation of miR-137 and its contribution to colorectal carcinogenesis. We determined the methylation status of miR-137 CpG island in a panel of six CRC cell lines and 409 colorectal tissues [21 normal colonic mucosa from healthy individuals (N-N), 160 primary CRC tissues and their corresponding normal mucosa (N-C), and 68 adenomas]. TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR and in situ hybridization were used to analyze miR-137 expression. In vitro functional analysis of miR-137 was performed. Gene targets of miR-137 were identified using a combination of bioinformatic and transcriptomic approaches. We experimentally validated the miRNA:mRNA interactions. Methylation of the miR-137 CpG island was a cancer-specific event and was frequently observed in CRC cell lines (100%), adenomas (82.3%), and CRC (81.4%), but not in N-C (14.4%; P < 0.0001 for CRC) and N-N (4.7%; P < 0.0001 for CRC). Expression of miR-137 was restricted to the colonocytes in normal mucosa and inversely correlated with the level of methylation. Transfection of miR-137 precursor in CRC cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Gene expression profiling after miR-137 transfection discovered novel potential mRNA targets. We validated the interaction between miR-137 and LSD-1. Our data indicate that miR-137 acts as a tumor suppressor in the colon and is frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation. Methylation silencing of miR-137 in colorectal adenomas suggests it to be an early event, which has prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Estradiol receptor activity in lyophilized calf uterus and human breast tumor tissue (1980)

Estradiol receptors (ER) were analyzed in lyophilized human breast tumor specimen and in calf uterus tissue by a dextran-coated charcoal method. No decline of ER occurred when lyophilized calf uterus tissue was stored for six to eight months at 0-4 C and for two weeks at room temperature. During storage of lyophilized human breast tumor tissue for several months at 0-4 C and for four weeks at room temperature, no or only a minor decrease of ER binding sites was observed. Therefore, it is recommended to use lyophilized target tissues for intra- as well as interlaboratory quality control studies of steroid receptor measurements.
Extracellular SOD-Derived H2O2 Promotes VEGF Signaling in Caveolae/Lipid Rafts and Post-Ischemic Angiogenesis in Mice (2010)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular, H(2)O(2), is essential for full activation of VEGF receptor2 (VEGFR2) signaling involved in endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and migration. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) is a major secreted extracellular enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to H(2)O(2), and anchors to EC surface through heparin-binding domain (HBD). Mice lacking ecSOD show impaired postnatal angiogenesis. However, it is unknown whether ecSOD-derived H(2)O(2) regulates VEGF signaling. Here we show that gene transfer of ecSOD, but not ecSOD lacking HBD (ecSOD-DeltaHBD), increases H(2)O(2) levels in adductor muscle of mice, and promotes angiogenesis after hindlimb ischemia. Mice lacking ecSOD show reduction of H(2)O(2) in non-ischemic and ischemic limbs. In vitro, overexpression of ecSOD, but not ecSOD-DeltaHBD, in cultured medium in ECs enhances VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR2 (VEGFR2-pY), which is prevented by short-term pretreatment with catalase that scavenges extracellular H(2)O(2). Either exogenous H(2)O(2) (<500 microM), which is diffusible, or nitric oxide donor has no effect on VEGF-induced VEGFR2-pY. These suggest that ecSOD binding to ECs via HBD is required for localized generation of extracellular H(2)O(2) to regulate VEGFR2-pY. Mechanistically, VEGF-induced VEGFR2-pY in caveolae/lipid rafts, but non-lipid rafts, is enhanced by ecSOD, which localizes at lipid rafts via HBD. One of the targets of ROS is protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). ecSOD induces oxidation and inactivation of both PTP1B and DEP1, which negatively regulates VEGFR2-pY, in caveolae/lipid rafts, but not non-lipid rafts. Disruption of caveolae/lipid rafts, or PTPs inhibitor orthovanadate, or siRNAs for PTP1B and DEP1 enhances VEGF-induced VEGFR2-pY, which prevents ecSOD-induced effect. Functionally, ecSOD promotes VEGF-stimulated EC migration and proliferation. In summary, extracellular H(2)O(2) generated by ecSOD localized at caveolae/lipid rafts via HBD promotes VEGFR2 signaling via oxidative inactivation of PTPs in these microdomains. Thus, ecSOD is a potential therapeutic target for angiogenesis-dependent cardiovascular diseases.
Codon usage bias in prokaryotic pyrimidine-ending codons is associated with the degeneracy of the encoded amino acids (2012)

Synonymous codons are unevenly distributed among genes, a phenomenon termed codon usage bias. Understanding the patterns of codon bias and the forces shaping them is a major step towards elucidating the adaptive advantage codon choice can confer at the level of individual genes and organisms. Here, we perform a large-scale analysis to assess codon usage bias pattern of pyrimidine-ending codons in highly expressed genes in prokaryotes. We find a bias pattern linked to the degeneracy of the encoded amino acid. Specifically, we show that codon-pairs that encode two- and three-fold degenerate amino acids are biased towards the C-ending codon while codons encoding four-fold degenerate amino acids are biased towards the U-ending codon. This codon usage pattern is widespread in prokaryotes, and its strength is correlated with translational selection both within and between organisms. We show that this bias is associated with an improved correspondence with the tRNA pool, avoidance of mis-incorporation errors during translation and moderate stability of codon-anticodon interaction, all consistent with more efficient translation.
Altering dosage forms for older adults (2018)

Swallowing difficulties in older adults present challenges for medication management, particularly as polypharmacy is so common.
Continuous-wave terahertz system with electro-optical terahertz phase control (2008)

A method of electro-optical control of the terahertz (THz) phase in continuous-wave photomixing THz systems is suggested and demonstrated. The method enables phase-sensitive detection without any moving mechanical components in the system. Additionally, the method allows lock-in detection without a mechanical chopper, which increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the system.
Inhibitory effect of timolol on topical glucocorticoid‑induced skin telangiectasia (2018)

The aim of the present study wasto investigate the potential inhibitory effect of timolol on topical glucocorticoid‑induced skin telangiectasia. In rabbits, flumethasone ointment was used to induce skin telangiectasia in the inner ear. Subsequently, timolol maleate (0.5%) eye drops (TMEDs) were administered twice daily for 4 weeks. Expression of the antibacterial peptides 37‑amino acid peptide (LL‑37) and kallikrein‑5 (KLK5) was detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and semi‑quantitative reverse transcription‑PCR. In patients with facial skin telangiectasia, one cheek of each patient was assigned to a treatment group and the other to a control group. For the treatment group cheeks, topical application of TMEDs was combined with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment once or twice daily for 8 weeks. The control group cheeks were administered with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment alone. Alterations in lesions were recorded by dermoscopy, and the L, a and b values of lesions were measured, based on the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage system, with a chromameter prior to and at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks following treatment. The results indicated that erythema, papules and telangiectasia were significantly diminished following 4 weeks of treatment with TMEDs in rabbits. Notably, the expression of LL‑37 and KLK5 mRNA was increased in the negative control group; however, it was decreased in the trial and blank groups. Clinical and dermoscopy images demonstrated that erythema was reduced in the 2 groups for 1 week, and that telangiectasia in the treatment group was markedly reduced compared with the control group at 4 weeks. The difference of the L and a values of lesions between the treatment and control group was significant (P<0.05). Overall, the present results suggested that the abnormal expression of LL‑37 may be one of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of facial corticosteroid addiction dermatitis (FCAD) and TMEDs may inhibit the mRNA expression of LL‑37 by downregulating KLK5; in this regard, TMEDs may serve a role in attenuating telangiectasia, which may be beneficial in improving the telangiectasia symptoms of FCAD.
A triple mutation in the second transmembrane domain of mouse dopamine transporter markedly decreases sensitivity to cocaine and methylphenidate (2005)

Previously, we reported that Phe105 in transmembrane domain 2 of the mouse dopamine transporter (DAT) is crucial for high-affinity cocaine binding. In the current study, we investigated whether other residues surrounding Phe105 also affect the potency of cocaine inhibition. After three rounds of sequential random mutagenesis at these residues, we found a triple mutant (L104V, F105C and A109V) of mouse DAT that retained over 50% uptake activity and was 69-fold less sensitive to cocaine inhibition when compared with the wild-type mouse DAT. The triple mutation also resulted in a 47-fold decrease in sensitivity to methylphenidate inhibition, suggesting that the binding sites for cocaine and methylphenidate may overlap. In contrast, the inhibition of dopamine uptake by amphetamine or methamphetamine was not significantly changed by the mutations, suggesting that the binding sites for the amphetamines differ from those for cocaine and methylphenidate. Such functional but cocaine-insensitive DAT mutants can be used to generate a knock-in mouse line to study the role of DAT in cocaine addiction.
Synchronous Laser Line Scanners for Undersea Imaging Applications (2018)

Advanced imaging systems concepts using laser sources provide imaging at distances greater than three attenuation lengths. These extended range imagers are of two classes: the synchronous laser line scanner (LLS) class and the laser range gated class. As a consequence of the requirement to minimize the common scattering volume LLS system designs have a relatively small depth of field, typically no more than a few meters. A more compact benchtop LLS system was developed in collaboration with Lincoln Laser. Raytrace analysis of the two alternative line scanner designs highlights differences in aperture field-stop design to meet the optical performance requirements. More specifically, the results from the dual pyramidal polygon model indicate several second order requirements to achieve the desired level of performance. The chapter summarizes some sets of test tank LLS imaging results performed with the single hexagonal polygon scanner to investigate performance tradeoffs in the choice of system geometrical parameters, and the use of alternate illumination and detection schemes.
Enzymatic Conversion of Organosilicon Compounds in Organic Solvents (2003)

Recently, the bioconversion of non-natural organic compounds has become increasingly important in order to deepen the knowledge of biocatalysts and to expand their application. In this sense, organosilicon compounds are very interesting targets as non-natural compounds.
An ABC Manager's Primer: Straight Talk on Activity-Based Costing (1993)

In the last decade, every type of manager has wrestled with the concept of activity-based costing--what it means, how it works in their own companies (as well as how it works for the competition), and how they should be using the information this new cost-measurement method provides. This book takes the mystique out of activity-based costing and helps managers begin taking advantage of its benefits right away. An excellent group-training tool or self-teaching guide.
Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems. CXXX. A study of electron impact induced migratory aptitudes (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems. CXXX. A study of electron impact induced migratory aptitudesPeter. Brown and Carl. DjerassiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 11, 2711–2719Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00987a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00987a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cyclophilin A Is an Essential Cofactor for Hepatitis C Virus Infection and the Principal Mediator of Cyclosporine Resistance In Vitro (2008)

Cyclosporine (CsA) and its derivatives potently suppress hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. Recently, CsA-resistant HCV replicons have been identified in vitro. We examined the dependence of the wild-type and CsA-resistant replicons on various cyclophilins for replication. A strong correlation between CsA resistance and reduced dependency on cyclophilin A (CyPA) for replication was identified. Silencing of CyPB or CyPC expression had no significant effect on replication, whereas various forms of small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed at CyPA inhibited HCV replication of wild-type but not CsA-resistant replicons. The efficiency of a particular siRNA in suppressing CyPA expression was correlated with its potency in inhibiting HCV replication, and expression of an siRNA-resistant CyPA cDNA rescued replication. In addition, an anti-CyPA antibody blocked replication of the wild-type but not the resistant replicon in an in vitro replication assay. Depletion of CyPA alone in the CsA-resistant replicon cells eliminated CsA resistance, indicating that CyPA is the chief mediator of the observed CsA resistance. The dependency on CyPA for replication was observed for both genotype (GT) 1a and 1b replicons as well as a GT 2a infectious virus. An interaction between CyPA and HCV RNA as well as the viral polymerase that is sensitive to CsA treatment in wild-type but not in resistant replicons was detected. These findings reveal the molecular mechanism of CsA resistance and identify CyPA as a critical cellular cofactor for HCV replication and infection.
Mesomorphic Character of Some Long-Chain 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives Susceptible to Facile Functionalization (1994)

Abstract The interaction of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (cyanuric chloride) with long-chain primary and secondary amines results in the synthesis of disubstituted and trisubstituted derivatives. In this report we investigate the polymorphic and mesomorphic behavior of these compounds and of their hydrochloride salts as well as of the complex resulting by hydrogen bonding interaction of the didodecyl derivative with lauric acid.
Non-Canonical Activation of GLI Transcription Factors: Implications for Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapy (2007)

GLI transcription factors constitute the final effectors of the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway. In many tumors, such as those of the pancreas, prostate, skin or lung, ectopic activation of GLI proteins has been linked to tumorigenesis. In several of these cases, HH ligand- or receptor-induced signaling (canonical HH signaling) was found to be the cause underlying GLI activation. Recent evidence points towards additional, noncanonical, mechanisms of GLI activation. Here we review findings on the crosstalk of two HH-unrelated signaling pathways (RAS and Transforming growth factor beta) to the HH pathway downstream of the signaling component Smoothened. Both pathways stimulate and/or induce GLI1 and GLI2 activity independent of the presence of HH ligands. We also discuss the putative roles of these crosstalk mechanisms for tumor cell metastasis. The emerging picture of GLI transcription factors as an integrative platform of numerous signaling inputs has important implications for the understanding of tumor development and argues for inclusion of targets acting downstream of the receptor level in the design of current drug development programs.
p185 <i> <sup>HER2</sup> </i> Monoclonal Antibody Has Antiproliferative Effects In Vitro and Sensitizes Human Breast Tumor Cells to Tumor Necrosis Factor (1989)

The HER2/c-erbB-2 gene encodes the epidermal growth factor receptorlike human homolog of the rat neu oncogene. Amplification of this gene in primary breast carcinomas has been show to correlate with poor clinical prognosis for certain cancer patients. We show here that a monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of p185HER2 specifically inhibits the growth of breast tumor-derived cell lines overexpressing the HER2/c-erbB-2 gene product and prevents HER2/c-erbB-2-transformed NIH 3T3 cells from forming colonies in soft agar. Furthermore, resistance to the cytotoxic effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha, which has been shown to be a consequence of HER2/c-erbB-2 overexpression, is significantly reduced in the presence of this antibody.