gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Divergent regulation of GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits of the neuronal G protein gated K<sup>+</sup> channel by Gα<sub>i</sub><sup>GDP</sup> and Gβγ (2009)

G protein activated K+ channels (GIRK, Kir3) are switched on by direct binding of Gbetagamma following activation of Gi/o proteins via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Although Galphai subunits do not activate GIRKs, they interact with the channels and regulate the gating pattern of the neuronal heterotetrameric GIRK1/2 channel (composed of GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Coexpressed Galphai3 decreases the basal activity (Ibasal) and increases the extent of activation by purified or coexpressed Gbegagamma. Here we show that this regulation is exerted by the 'inactive' GDP-bound Galphai3GDP and involves the formation of Galphai3betagamma heterotrimers, by a mechanism distinct from mere sequestration of Gbetagamma 'away' from the channel. The regulation of basal and Gbetagamma-evoked current was produced by the 'constitutively inactive' mutant of Galphai3, Galphai3G203A, which strongly binds Gbetagamma, but not by the 'constitutively active' mutant, Galphai3Q204L, or by Gbetagamma-scavenging proteins. Furthermore, regulation by Galphai3G203A was unique to the GIRK1 subunit; it was not observed in homomeric GIRK2 channels. In vitro protein interaction experiments showed that purified Gbetagamma enhanced the binding of Galphai3GDP to the cytosolic domain of GIRK1, but not GIRK2. Homomeric GIRK2 channels behaved as a 'classical' Gbetagamma effector, showing low Ibasal and strong Gbetagamma-dependent activation. Expression of Galphai3G203A did not affect either Ibasal or Gbetagamma-induced activation. In contrast, homomeric GIRK1* (a pore mutant able to form functional homomeric channels) exhibited large Ibasal and was poorly activated by Gbegagamma. Expression of Galphai3GDP reduced Ibasal and restored the ability of Gbetagamma to activate GIRK1*, like in GIRK1/2. Transferring the unique distal segment of the C terminus of GIRK1 to GIRK2 rendered the latter functionally similar to GIRK1*. These results demonstrate that GIRK1 containing channels are regulated by both Galphai3GDP and Gbetagamma, while GIRK2 is a Gbetagamma-effector insensitive to Galphai3GDP.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: now we can begin to tailor treatment. (2004)

Our treatment strategies for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have changed, with new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease, new clinical trials, and surgical advances. We present an update on treatment options and a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for this condition.
Primo Vascular System in the Subarachnoid Space of a Mouse Brain (2013)

Objective. Recently, a novel circulatory system, the primo vascular system (PVS), was found in the brain ventricles and in the central canal of the spinal cord of a rat. The aim of the current work is to detect the PVS along the transverse sinuses between the cerebrum and the cerebellum of a mouse brain. Materials and Methods. The PVS in the subarachnoid space was analyzed after staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and phalloidin in order to identify the PVS. With confocal microscopy and polarization microscopy, the primo vessel underneath the sagittal sinus was examined. The primo nodes under the transversal sinuses were observed after peeling off the dura and pia maters of the brain. Results. The primo vessel underneath the superior sagittal sinus was observed and showed linear optical polarization, similarly to the rabbit and the rat cases. The primo nodes were observed under the left and the right transverse sinuses at distances of 3,763 μ m and 5,967 μ m. The average size was 155 μ m × 248 μ m. Conclusion. The observation of primo vessels was consistent with previous observations in rabbits and rats, and primo nodes under the transverse sinuses were observed for the first time in this work.
Phosphates improve many foods (1990)

Classification des phosphates. Proprietes: chelation des metaux, controle du pH, emulsification par exemple. Exemple d'utilisation dans les produits de boulangerie, les produits laitiers, les viandes et produits de la mer
e‐PTFE as scleral buckling episcleral implants: An experimental and histopathologic study (1999)

To investigate the effects of focal implantation of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) episcleral implants (i.e., explants or exoplants) on surrounding ocular tissues, an experimental and histopathological study was performed. Twenty-seven Fauve de Bourgogne rabbits eyes were implanted for a period of 3–11 months with oval-shaped e-PTFE episcleral implants. A newly formed capsule constantly encased the implants. Affected by the only two severe complications observed, 2 eyes had an endocapsular acute inflammation and could not be included in the study. Finally, 25 eyes were studied histopathologically. Neither intrusion nor extrusion of episcleral implants was observed. Other changes were related to implant characteristics. The inner surface of the capsule was often covered with numerous giant cells attesting to a foreign-body granuloma developed against the irregular outline of the episcleral implants. The porosity of the material was closely related to its surface irregularity, and also allowed its colonization by a fibrovascular and inflammatory tissue mainly in its peripheral layers. Under episcleral implants, sclera was both thinned and invaginated. Expanded PTFE hydrophobia was the other factor that might have suscitated granuloma. These microscopic changes are in contrast with an overall good apparent experimental tolerance to the material. However, additional studies on the long term behavior of this material would be helpful. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 48: 807–813, 1999
Acid-base constants and temperature coefficients for cerebrospinal fluid (1965)

The solubility of CO 2 in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is 0.0312 mmole/liter·mm Hg at 38 C. The first dissociation constant (pK 1 ') of carbonic acid at 38 C is 6.130 at pH 7.30 and varies inversely with pH and temperature. At pH 7.30 DeltapK 1 '/ DeltapH is -0.050 and DeltapK 1 '/DeltaT is-0.0029 U/°C. pH of CSF varies inversely with temperature over the range of pH from 6.9 to 7.7. DeltapH/DeltaT is -0.0037 U/°C. The temperature correction for CSF Pco 2 is expressed Pco 2 T 1 /Pco 2 T 2 = 10 f(T1–T2) At pH 7.30, f is 0.0110. The effect of varying Pco 2 on pH in vitro at 38°C, expressed as Delta log Pco 2 /DeltapH, is 1.063 ± 0.022. first dissociation constant; CO 2 solubility; CSF buffering Submitted on February 20, 1964
Identification and Molecular Characterization of the Chromosomal Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Gene Cluster from <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> SMQ-461 (2005)

The exopolysaccharide (EPS) capsule-forming strain SMQ-461 of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, isolated from raw milk, produces EPS with an apparent molecular mass of >1.6 x 10(6) Da. The EPS biosynthetic genes are located on the chromosome in a 13.2-kb region consisting of 15 open reading frames. This region is flanked by three IS1077-related tnp genes (L. lactis) at the 5' end and orfY, along with an IS981-related tnp gene, at the 3' end. The eps genes are organized in specific regions involved in regulation, chain length determination, biosynthesis of the repeat unit, polymerization, and export. Three (epsGIK) of the six predicted glycosyltransferase gene products showed low amino acid similarity with known glycosyltransferases. The structure of the repeat unit could thus be different from those known to date for Lactococcus. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that the eps locus is transcribed as a single mRNA. The function of the eps gene cluster was confirmed by disrupting the priming glycosyltransferase gene (epsD) in Lactococcus cremoris SMQ-461, generating non-EPS-producing reversible mutants. This is the first report of a chromosomal location for EPS genetic elements in Lactococcus cremoris, with novel glycosyltransferases not encountered before in lactic acid bacteria.
State Function of Solid State Physics (2012)

In 1900,Plank proposed the first law of black body radiation physics theory,and BlackBody radiation of plank can be extended to the whole microscopic world,which in line with Plank's BlackBody radiation.Solid-state physics and solid state physics were consisted of the solid-state wave and the band wave function.Solid-state wave function in the Bloch state is Buloh Hebo a function.Solid-state physics researches in the possibility of a wide range of movement,which constitutes a possibility station function of material.
1,2-Amino Alcohols and Their Heterocyclic Derivatives as Chiral Auxiliaries in Asymmetric Synthesis (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,2-Amino Alcohols and Their Heterocyclic Derivatives as Chiral Auxiliaries in Asymmetric SynthesisDavid J. Ager, Indra Prakash, and David R. SchaadView Author Information NSC Technologies, and NutraSweet Kelco Units of Monsanto, 601 East Kensington Road, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 2, 835–876Publication Date (Web):March 28, 1996Publication History Received5 September 1995Revised8 November 1995Published online28 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9500038https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9500038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15721Altmetric-Citations1447LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Anions,Enolates,Reaction products,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Is Chronic Lung Disease in Low Birth Weight Infants Preventable? A Survey of Eight Centers (1987)

Chronic lung disease in prematurely born infants, defined as the need for increased inspired oxygen at 28 days of age, was thought to be more common in some institutions than in others. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed the experience in the intensive care nurseries at Columbia and Vanderbilt Universities, the Universities of Texas at Dallas, Washington at Seattle, and California at San Francisco, the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, and Mt Sinai Hospital in Toronto. The survey included 1,625 infants with birth weights of 700 to 1,500 g. We confirmed the relationship of risk to low birth weight, white race, and male sex. Significant differences in the incidence of chronic lung disease were found between institutions even when birth weight, race, and sex were taken into consideration through a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Columbia had one of the best outcomes for low birth weight infants and the lowest incidence of chronic lung disease.
Construction and Evaluation of Novel Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) Using Helical Poly(3-Methyl-4-Vinylpyridine) (2017)

A novel chiral helical imprinted polymer (MIP) has been prepared by bulk copolymerization of 3-methyl-4-vinylpyridine and a crosslinker using chiral S-mandelic acid as template. The resulting MIPs after removing the template show optical activity that is derived from the presence of chiral helical structures of poly(3-methyl-4-vinylpyridine) (P3M4VP) embedded within the MIP matrix. The basic functional monomer 3-methyl-4-vinylpyridine (3M4VP) was utilized with the acidic template to ensure good interaction between the template and the polymer. Divinylbenzene (DVB) and ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA) with widely varying degree of rigidity, flexibility, and polarity were selected as crosslinking agents. Using two different crosslinkers, it was possible to optimize the MIP for maximum specificity and selectivity. Spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR and 1H NMR were used to investigate the interaction between template and functional monomer. Scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen sorption analysis showed significant difference of the surface morphological characteristics between imprinted and non-imprinted polymers.\nThermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to investigate thermal stability of MIPs and NIPs. The binding studies and the selectivity of the polymers were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy. The chiral secondary or higher structural ordering within the MIPs was examined using circular dichroism (CD) spectrometry. The polymer preparations were evaluated and compared with non-imprinted polymers for their ability to bind the template which is a measure of the specificity of the imprinted system. The nature and degree of crosslinking and other parameters like concentration of the template solution, solvent, and time which influences the binding of these imprinted polymers towards the print molecule were also investigated to optimize the imprinted system. The ability of the S-enantiomer imprinted polymer to bind the R-enantiomer was investigated. The separation and selectivity factors have been quantified. The present study develops a successful strategy for preparing chiral MIPs, which are expected to find vital applications in chiral separation, and enantioselective release of chiral drugs.
Self-Biased 215MHz Magnetoelectric NEMS Resonator for Ultra-Sensitive DC Magnetic Field Detection (2013)

High sensitivity magnetoelectric sensors with their electromechanical resonance frequencies < 200 kHz have been recently demonstrated using magnetostrictive/piezoelectric magnetoelectric heterostructures. In this work, we demonstrate a novel magnetoelectric nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) resonator with an electromechanical resonance frequency of 215 MHz based on an AlN/(FeGaB/Al2O3) × 10 magnetoelectric heterostructure for detecting DC magnetic fields. This magnetoelectric NEMS resonator showed a high quality factor of 735, and strong magnetoelectric coupling with a large voltage tunable sensitivity. The admittance of the magnetoelectric NEMS resonator was very sensitive to DC magnetic fields at its electromechanical resonance, which led to a new detection mechanism for ultra-sensitive self-biased RF NEMS magnetoelectric sensor with a low limit of detection of DC magnetic fields of ~300 picoTelsa. The magnetic/piezoelectric heterostructure based RF NEMS magnetoelectric sensor is compact, power efficient and readily integrated with CMOS technology, which represents a new class of ultra-sensitive magnetometers for DC and low frequency AC magnetic fields.
Evaluation and modeling of edge-seal materials for photovoltaic applications (2010)

Because of the sensitivity of some photovoltaic devices to moisture-induced corrosion, they are packaged using impermeable front- and back-sheets along with an edge seal to prevent moisture ingress. Evaluation of edge seal materials can be difficult because of the low permeation rates involved and/or non-Fickian behavior. Here, using a Ca film deposited on a glass substrate, we demonstrate the evaluation of edge seal materials in a manner that effectively duplicates their use in a photovoltaic application and compare the results with standard methods for measuring water vapor transport. We demonstrate how moisture permeation data from polymer films can be used to estimate moisture ingress rates and compare the results of these two methods. Encapsulant materials were also evaluated for comparison and to highlight the need for edge seals. Of the materials studied, desiccant filled polyisobutylene materials demonstrate by far the best potential to keep moisture out for a 20 to 30 y lifetime.
Cadmium‐induced inhibition of proliferation and differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells and mechanistic aspects of protection by zinc (1993)

Murine embryonal carcinoma cells have been used in in vitro models to study the effects of cadmium chloride on proliferation and differentiation of early embryonic cells. This approach allows the various cell types within the early embryo as well as several developmental mechanisms to be dissected and studied in isolation using larger numbers of cells than would be readily available from the embryo itself. The present study shows that both embryonal carcinoma cell proliferation and differentiation into parietal endoderm are inhibited by cadmium chloride. The effects are counteracted by the additional presence of zinc chloride. The uptake of cadmium into the cells is inhibited in the presence of zinc chloride, suggesting that competition between these metals for passage into the cells contributes to the mechanism underlying the protective effect of zinc. In addition, metallothionein gene expression is enhanced more rapidly after simultaneous incubation with zinc chloride, indicating that the attenuating effect of zinc on cadmium toxicity is also partly attributable to detoxification by metallothioneins.
Phytochemical Studies on Meliaceous Plants. VIII. Structures and Inhibitory Effects on Epstein-Barr Virus Activation of Triterpenoids from Leaves of Chisocheton macrophyllus King. (1993)

A 24-epimeric mixture of a new triterpenoid, 24-hydroxydammara-20, 25-dien-3-one (1), and two known triterpenoids, moronic acid (2) and betulonic acid (3), were isolated from leaves of Chisosheton macrophyllus KING, and the inhibitory effects of these triterpenoids on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate were tested.
FORMATION OF ION BEAMS FROM PLASMA SOURCES: PART I (1964)

We report a new mechanism for allelic dominance in regulatory genetic interactions that we call binding dominance. We investigated a biophysical model of gene regulation, where the fractional occupancy of a transcription factor (TF) on the cis-regulated promoter site it binds to is determined by binding energy (-ΔG) and TF dosage. Transcription and gene expression proceed when the TF is bound to the promoter. In diploids, individuals may be heterozygous at the cis-site, at the TF's coding region, or at the TF's own promoter, which determines allele-specific dosage. We find that when the TF's coding region is heterozygous, TF alleles compete for occupancy at the cis-sites and the tighter-binding TF is dominant in proportion to the difference in binding strength. When the TF's own promoter is heterozygous, the TF produced at the higher dosage is also dominant. Cis-site heterozygotes have additive expression and therefore codominant phenotypes. Binding dominance propagates to affect the expression of downstream loci and it is sensitive in both magnitude and direction to genetic background, but its detectability often attenuates. While binding dominance is inevitable at the molecular level, it is difficult to detect in the phenotype under some biophysical conditions, more so when TF dosage is high and allele-specific binding affinities are similar. A body of empirical research on the biophysics of TF binding demonstrates the plausibility of this mechanism of dominance, but studies of gene expression under competitive binding in heterozygotes in a diversity of genetic backgrounds are needed.
Tratamiento contable de la provisión por cierre de minas (2011)

La Ley del Impuesto a la Renta vigente y su Reglamento no mencionan ni reconocen a la Provisin por Cierre de Minas 1 como gasto deducible para efectos del clculo de la renta neta imponible 2 , lo que genera un vaco legal que no permite que las empresas que se dedican a la actividad minera puedan determinar si dicha provisin se debera o no considerar como gasto deducible del Impuesto a la Renta.
Ultra-compact three-port trench-based photonic couplers in ion-exchanged glass waveguides (2013)

An ultra-compact three-port photonic coupler is proposed on a glass substrate based upon a principle of frustrated total internal reflection. A single slash shape narrow trench at the “T” intersection of two ion-exchanged waveguides forms the coupler and is aligned 45° to the waveguides. The three-dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) theory is used to simulate the parameterization of the coupler, such as splitting ratios and efficiency versus trench widths, trench lengths, trench locations, and trench angles. The waveguide model used in FDTD is based on an experimental condition of the K+–Na+ ion-exchange process. A single-mode 6 μm wide glass waveguide at 1550 nm wavelength is fabricated through the analysis of the effective index method. The numerical results show that the arbitrary splitting ratios may be controlled by trench widths and trench angles. Comparing to Si, InP and GaAs materials, trench-based coupler on glasses may readily achieve the manufacturability since the low index of glass waveguides results in a wider trench opening. Taking advantage of low loss ion-exchanged waveguides, the high efficiency and short interaction length photonic couplers have a great potential to be integrated for large scale glass-based photonic circuits.
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of carboxylic acids: an overview (2011)

Abstract The field of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic compounds on different substrates is of importance because it provides a suitable and efficient method of surface modification. The formation of robust, stable monolayers from carboxylic acids on two and three dimensional surfaces of different substrates have been reported. Carboxylic acids are promising class of organic compounds for monolayer formations where traditional alkanethiols or alkoxysilanes show limitations.
Fabrication of stable, large-area thin-film CdTe photovoltaic modules. Final subcontract report, May 10, 1991--February 28, 1995 (1995)

During the period of this subcontract, May 1991 through February 1995, Solar Cells, Inc. has developed and demonstrated a low-cost process to fabricate stable large-area cadmium telluride based thin-film photovoltaic modules. This report summarizes the final phase of the project which is concentrated on process optimization and product life tests. One of the major post-deposition process steps, the CdCl{sub 2} heat treatment, has been experimentally replaced with alternative treatments with vapor chloride or chlorine gas. Material and device qualities associated with alternative treatments are comparable or superior to those with the conventional treatment. Extensive experiments have been conducted to optimize the back-electrode structure in order to ensure long term device stability. Numerous small-area cells and minimodules have been subjected to a variety of stress tests, including but not limited to continuous light soak under open or short circuit or with resistive load, for over 10,000 hours. Satisfactory stability has been demonstrated on 48 cm{sup 2} and 64 cm{sup 2} minimodules under accelerated tests and on 7200 cm{sup 2} large modules under normal operating conditions. The conversion efficiency has also been significantly improved during this period. The total area efficiency of 7200 cm{sup 2} module has reached 8.4%, corresponding to a 60.3W normalized output; the efficiency of 64 cm{sup 2} minimodules and 1.1 cm{sup 2} cells has reached 10.5% (aperture area) and 12.4% (total area), respectively.