gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Oral (Catapres) and Transdermal (M‐5041T) Clonidine in Healthy Subjects (1994)

The pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic properties of a transdermal clonidine, M-5041T (M) and its safety were compared with those of oral clonidine, Catapres (Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Hyogo, Japan). One patch of M containing 6 mg of clonidine was applied on the right chest for 3 days or one tablet of Catapres (.075 mg) was given orally every 12 hours for 3 days in eight healthy subjects. The study was conducted by a crossover design with 14 to 16 days' interval between the cross-over. Blood and urine samples for clonidine concentration were obtained, and blood pressure (BP) was measured for a 168-hour period after application of M and for a 96-hour period after initiation of Catapres therapy. Plasma concentration of clonidine increased gradually after application of M and decreased gradually after removal, whereas this parameter increased rapidly during the absorption phase and decreased rapidly in the elimination phase after each dosage of Catapres. Elimination half-life of clonidine after removal of M was significantly greater than that after the final dosage of Catapres. No significant difference was observed in maximum plasma concentration or area under the plasma concentration-time curve between the two trials. The BP lowering effects of M and Catapres did not differ significantly. Adverse symptoms occurred more frequently during Catapres therapy than during treatment with M. Most of these symptoms were observed when plasma clonidine concentration was relatively higher in each trial. These results suggest that M is effective for the treatment of hypertension with a lower incidence of adverse symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Minireview: Primary Aldosteronism—Changing Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment (2003)

Primary aldosteronism affects 5-13% of patients with hypertension. Patients with hypertension and hypokalemia and most patients with treatment-resistant hypertension should undergo screening for primary aldosteronism with a plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio. A high plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio is a positive screening test result, a finding that warrants confirmatory testing. For those patients that want to pursue a surgical cure, the accurate distinction between the subtypes (unilateral vs. bilateral adrenal disease) of primary aldosteronism is a critical step. The subtype evaluation may require one or more tests, the first of which is imaging the adrenal glands with computed tomography, followed by selective use of adrenal venous sampling. Because of the deleterious cardiovascular effects of aldosterone, normalization of circulating aldosterone or aldosterone receptor blockade should be part of the management plan for all patients with primary aldosteronism. Unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy is an excellent treatment option for patients with unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma. Bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism should be treated medically. In addition, aldosterone-producing adenoma patients may be treated medically if the medical treatment includes mineralocorticoid receptor blockade.
The Development of a SLS Composite Material (2018)

The development of a commercial SLS nylon-based composite material (LNC 7000) is\ndescribed. Nylon composite candidate systems with different volume fractions of a\nnumber of glass fiber and glass bead reinforcements were screened. It was found that fully\ndense SLS parts with excellent mechanical properties could be made from a number of\nreinforced nylon materials. An optimized material containing 29 volume percent 35 Ilm\ndiameter glass beads was selected based on the processing behavior and mechanical\nproperties of the candidate systems. The performance of this optimized material is\ndescribed. In addition, complementary aspects of the composite nylon and unreinforced\nnylon materials (LN 4010 and LNF 5000) are discussed.
Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Using Individual Cross Antennas Tailored to Chemical Moieties (2013)

The development of antenna structures for surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) is a topic of intense and growing interest for extending IR spectroscopy to zeptomolar quantities and ultimately to the single-molecule level. Here we show that strong infrared spectroscopic enhancements can be obtained from individual gold nanoantennas using conventional IR spectrometric sources. The antenna structure dimensions can be tuned to enhance the IR modes of specific chemical moieties. Simulations of the electric field intensity in the antenna junction region reveal a maximum SEIRA enhancement factor of more than 12,000. These findings open new opportunities for analyzing IR vibrations of exceptionally small quantities of molecules using widely accessible light sources.
Soft digital signal processing (2001)

In this paper, we propose a framework for low-energy digital signal processing (DSP), where the supply voltage is scaled beyond the critical voltage imposed by the requirement to match the critical path delay to the throughput. This deliberate introduction of input-dependent errors leads to degradation in the algorithmic performance, which is compensated for via algorithmic noise-tolerance (ANT) schemes. The resulting setup that comprises of the DSP architecture operating at subcritical voltage and the error control scheme is referred to as soft DSP. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is enhanced when arithmetic units with a higher "delay imbalance" are employed. A prediction-based error-control scheme is proposed to enhance the performance of the filtering algorithm in the presence of errors due to soft computations. For a frequency selective filter, it is shown that the proposed scheme provides 60-81% reduction in energy dissipation for filter bandwidths up to 0.5 /spl pi/ (where 2 /spl pi/ corresponds to the sampling frequency f/sub s/) over that achieved via conventional architecture and voltage scaling, with a maximum of 0.5-dB degradation in the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR/sub o/). It is also shown that the proposed algorithmic noise-tolerance schemes can also be used to improve the performance of DSP algorithms in presence of bit-error rates of up to 10/sup -3/ due to deep submicron (DSM) noise.
The synthetic tuning of clickable pH responsive cationic polypeptides and block copolypeptides (2011)

A series of pH responsive synthetic polypeptides has been developed based on an N-carboxyanhydride ring opening polymerization combined with a facile and versatile click chemistry. Poly(γ-propargyl L-glutamate) (PPLG) homopolymers and poly(ethylene glycol-b-γ-propargyl L-glutamate) (PEG-b-PPLG) block copolymers were substituted with various amine moieties that range in pKa and hydrophobicity, providing the basis for a library of new synthetic structures that can be tuned for specific interactions and responsive behaviors. These amine-functionalized polypeptides have the ability to change solubility, or reversibly self-assemble into micelles with changes in the degree of ionization; they also adopt an α-helical structure at biologically relevant pHs. Here we characterize the pH responsive behavior of the new polypeptides and the hydrolysis of the ester containing amine side chains. We examine the reversible micellization with block copolymers of the polypeptides and nucleic acid encapsulation that demonstrate the potential use of these materials for systemic drug and gene delivery.
A fair medium access control protocol for ad-hoc networks with MIMO links (2005)

We present a new medium access control (MAC) protocol for ad-hoc networks with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) links. Links that use multiple element arrays (MEAs) at both ends are referred to as MIMO links. MIMO links are known to provide extremely high spectral efficiencies in multipath channels by simultaneously transmitting multiple independent data streams in the same channel. MAC protocols have been proposed in related work for ad-hoc networks with other classes of smart antennas such as switched beam antennas. However, as we substantiate in the paper, the unique characteristics of MIMO links necessitate an entirely new MAC protocol. We identify several advantages of MIMO links, and discuss key optimization considerations that can help in realizing an effective MAC protocol for such an environment. We present a centralized algorithm that has the optimization considerations incorporated in its design. Finally, we present a distributed protocol that approximates the centralized algorithm, and compare its performance against that of baseline protocols that are variants of the CSMA/CA protocol.
Mechanical and thermal properties of maize (2000)

The mechanical and thermal properties of maize were determined at various moisture contents. Rupture force decreased from 689.5 to 595 N and 330 to 156.8 N with increase of moisture content from 10.57 to 23.68% (db) for kernel placed in germ side down and kernel on edge orientations, respectively. In the same moisture range, rupture energy and deformation of maize kernel varied from 138 to 565 mJ and 0.35 to 1.62 mm in case of the germ side down orientation while on-edge orientation, these varied from 132 to 243 mJ and 0.72 to 2.78 mm. respectively. Specific heat thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity varied between 2.002 and 2.996 kJ/kg°C, 8.33 x 10 -8 and 10.17 x 10 -8 m 2 /s and 0.125 and 0.193 W/m°C, respectively in the temperature range of 30 to 60°C and range of 10 to 50% moisture.
Additional Properties Of The Phase-Only Correlation Filter (1984)

Computer simulations of the scaling and rotation sensitivity of a phase-only filter were performed, showing that it is much more sensitive to such input variations than is a classical matched filter. Values of the peak correlation spot power versus both rotation angle and scale factor are presented for both filter types. Several theorems are derived for calculating the optical efficiency of any filter in both input space and frequency space.
Expression of Trophoblastic Interferon Genes in Sheep and Cattle1 (1990)

The trophoblastic interferons ovine and bovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1 and bTP-1, respectively) have been implicated as mediators of maternal recognition of pregnancy in sheep and cattle. The objective of this study was to describe the onset and duration of gene expression for oTP-1 and bTP-1 in preimplantation ovine and bovine conceptuses by in situ hybridization and Northern analysis. Sections from paraffin-embedded ovine conceptuses, collected on Days 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15 of gestation (n = 1, 3, 3, 2, 2), and bovine conceptuses, collected on Days 12/13, 15/16, and 19 (n = 2, 4, 5), were hybridized to specific [35S]-labeled cDNA probes. Two different probes, one encompassing bases 442-918 and representing both coding and 3'-untranslated regions, and a second 3'-specific probe (bases 650-912) were used to detect oTP-1 mRNA. At all stages examined, oTP-1 mRNA was confined to trophectoderm of ovine conceptuses. Consistent with earlier studies, expression increased markedly at Day 13. oTP-1 mRNA was detected at low levels in seven of seven ovine conceptuses prior to Day 13 when the longer probe was employed. With the 3'-specific probe, however, oTP-1 mRNA was detected in only one of the seven ovine conceptuses prior to Day 13. Thus, although low amounts of oTP-1 mRNA may be present in ovine conceptuses prior to Day 13, massive induction of this mRNA occurs on Day 13 coincident with the initiation of maternal recognition of pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Overproduction and purification of the connector protein of<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>phage ø29 (1984)

A phi 29 DNA fragment containing genes 10 and 11, coding for the connector protein and the lower collar protein, respectively, has been cloned in the pBR322 derivative plasmid pKC30 under the control of the PL promoter of phage lambda. Two polypeptides with the electrophoretic mobility of proteins p10 and p11 were labelled with 35S-methionine after heat induction. The proteins were characterized as p10 and p11 by radioimmunoassay and they represented about 10% and 7%, respectively, of the total E. coli protein after 4 hours of induction. These proteins represent less than 1% of the B. subtilis protein in phi 29-infected cells. Protein p10 has been highly purified from the E. coli cells carrying the recombinant plasmid. Antibodies raised against the purified protein p10 reacted with the connector protein produced in phi 29-infected B. subtilis.
CognitionMaster: an object-based image analysis framework (2013)

We introduce an open source software system that offers object-based image analysis. The object-based concept allows for a straight-forward development of object-related interactive or fully automated image analysis solutions. The presented software may therefore serve as a basis for various applications in the field of digital image analysis.
Hydrodynamic performance of the Medtronic Freestyle Aortic Root Bioprosthesis. (1994)

The Freestyle Aortic Root Bioprosthesis is comprised of a porcine aortic root preserved in buffered 0.2% glutaraldehyde solution. It is fixed at a pressure sufficient to distend the aortic wall, but the leaflets are fixed with no transvalvular gradient. The bioprosthesis is treated with alpha-amino-oleic acid (AOA) to reduce the potential for leaflet calcification. In order to conduct in-vitro performance studies, a simulated aorta test chamber was developed. The test chamber material formulation can be altered to produce a wide range of desired compliances, while maintaining repeatable dimensional specifications. The test chamber design also allows for performance testing simulating a variety of implant techniques. Both Freestyle and the stented control valves (Hancock Standard Model 242) were mounted within the simulated aortas for these studies. Steady state and pulsatile flow pressure drop studies demonstrated a significantly lower gradient across the Freestyle valve when compared to stented Hancock Standard controls. In addition, the smaller size (19,21,23 mm) Freestyle valves had superior EOA's compared to the Standard St. Jude bileaflet mechanical and Hancock modified orifice (MO) porcine valve designs. The regurgitant volumes were equivalent to the control (Hancock Standard model 242) valves when compared to the Freestyle valves with equivalent flow areas. Additional studies were conducted in order to determine the effects of sizing and configuration on hydrodynamic performance. These studies were performed in four configurations: total root, inclusion, partially scalloped (two sinuses) and fully scalloped valve. These studies demonstrated that both pressure drop and regurgitation are significantly affected by valve sizing and implant technique. Accelerated wear studies were performed on three of each size and six of the largest Freestyle valves. Stented Hancock Standard valves and non-AOA treated Freestyle valves were used as controls. Hydrodynamic performance tests were conducted at intervals throughout the study. No evidence was found to indicate a difference in wear or hydrodynamic performance between the AOA treated and untreated Freestyle valves.
Multimodal Speech-Gesture Interaction with 3D Objects in Augmented Reality Environments (2010)

Augmented Reality (AR) has the possibility of interacting with virtual objects and real objects at the same time since it combines the real world with computer-generated contents seamlessly. However, most AR interface research uses general Virtual Reality (VR) interaction techniques without modification. In this research we develop a multimodal interface (MMI) for AR with speech and 3D hand gesture input. We develop a multimodal signal fusion architecture based on the user behaviour while interacting with the MMI that provides more effective and natural multimodal signal fusion. Speech and 3D vision-based free hand gestures are used as multimodal input channels. There were two user observations (1) a Wizard of Oz study and (2)Gesture modelling. With the Wizard of Oz study, we observed user behaviours of interaction with our MMI. Gesture modelling was undertaken to explore whether different types of gestures can be described by pattern curves. Based on the experimental observations, we designed our own multimodal fusion architecture and developed an MMI. User evaluations have been conducted to evaluate the usability of our MMI. As a result, we found that MMI is more efficient and users are more satisfied with it when compared to the unimodal interfaces. We also describe design guidelines which were derived from our findings through the user studies.
Anemia en la enfermedad renal crónica: protocolo de estudio, manejo y derivación a Nefrología (2017)

The objective of this protocol is to know which test are needed to study an anaemia in a patient with chronic kidney disease, the differential diagnosis of renal anaemia, to know and correct other deficiency anaemias, and the criteria for referral to Nephrology or other specialties of the anaemic patient with chronic kidney disease.
Introduction to Keras (2017)

This chapter introduces the reader to Keras, which is a library that provides highly powerful and abstract building blocks to build deep learning networks.
Synthesis of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-conjugated lipids and their characterization and surface properties of modified liposomes for protein interactions (2021)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is frequently used for liposomal surface modification. However, as PEGylated liposomes are cleared rapidly from circulation upon repeated injections, substitutes of PEG are being sought. We focused on a water-soluble polymer composed of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) units, and synthesized poly(MPC) (PMPC)-conjugated lipid (PMPC-lipid) with degrees of MPC polymerization ranging from 10 to 100 (calculated molecular weight: 3 to 30 kDa). In addition, lipids with three different alkyl chains, myristoyl, palmitoyl, and stearoyl, were applied for liposomal surface coating. We studied the interactions of PMPC-lipids with plasma albumin, human complement protein C3 and fibrinogen using a quartz crystal microbalance with energy dissipation, and found that adsorption of albumin, C3 and fibrinogen could be suppressed by coating with PMPC-lipids. In particular, the effect was more pronounced for PMPC chains with higher molecular weight. We evaluated the size, polydispersity index, surface charge, and membrane fluidity of the PMPC-lipid-modified liposomes. We found that the effect of the coating on the dispersion stability was maintained over a long period (98 days). Furthermore, we also demonstrated that the anti-PEG antibody did not interact with PMPC-lipids. Thus, our findings suggest that PMPC-lipids can be used for liposomal coating.
Influence of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Chondrogenic Differentiation and Proliferation of Chondrocytes and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2008)

PRP has a proliferative effect on CCs and MSCs. In a one-step procedure for autologous CC transplantation, this might be an advantage over other scaffold materials, but confirmation in in vivo studies is required.
Synthesis of polymethylene chain-bridged 6-substituted 8-azapurines and related compounds (1991)

The synthesis of a series of polymethylene chain-bridged 8-azapurines as potential DNA intercalating agents is described. N,N’-Bis(5-amino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidyl)-1,3-diaminopropane ( III ), N,N”-bis(5-amino-6chloro-4-pyrimidyl)-1,8-diaminooctane ( IV ), and N,N’-bis(5-amino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidyl)-1,12-diaminododecane ( V ) were synthesized from 5-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine ( I ) and 1,3-diaminopropane ( II, n = 3), 1,8-diaminooctane ( II, n = 8), and 1,12-diaminododecane ( II, n = 12), respectively, as the starting materials. 1,3-Bis(6-chloro-9-purinyl)propane ( VI ), 1,8-bis(6-chloro-9-purinyl)octane ( VII ), and 1,12-bis(6-chloro-9-purinyl)dodecane ( VIII ) were prepared by acid-catalyzed reaction of the corresponding pyrimidines III-V with triethyl orthoformate in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The polymethylene chain-bridged 6-hydroxy-8-azapurines XII-XIV were obtained via diazotization of the corresponding pyrimidines. The spectral data and other physical properties of the new compounds have been determined.
recA protein-catalyzed strand assimilation: stimulation by Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein. (1980)

The single-stranded DNA-binding protein of Escherichia coli significantly alters the strand assimilation reaction catalyzed by recA protein [McEntee, K., Weinstock, G. M. & Lehman, I. R. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 2615--2619]. The binding protein (i) increases the rate and extent of strand assimilation into homologous duplex DNA, (ii) enhances the formation of a complex between recA protein and duplex DNA in the presence of homologous or heterologous single-stranded DNA, (iii) reduces the rate and extent of ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by recA protein in the presence of single-stranded DNA, (iv) reduces the high concentration of recA protein required for strand assimilation, and (v) permits detection of strand assimilation in the presence of the ATP analog, adenosine 5'-O-(O-thiotriphosphate). Single-stranded DNA-binding protein purified from a binding protein mutant (lexC) is considerably less effective than wild-type binding protein in stimulating strand assimilation, a result which suggests that single-stranded DNA-binding protein participates in general recombination in vivo.
Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Materials Incorporating Phosphorus-Containing Dendrimers (2000)

Phosphorus-containing dendrimers of first, second, and third generation with various peripheral functional groups and bearing a hydrolyzable Si(OEt)3 group at the core have been prepared. Two synthetic routes were used: either the Si(OEt)3 group was introduced from the start by reaction of (EtO)3Si(CH2)3PPh2 with an azide according to the Staudinger reaction (A series of dendrimers) or the Si(OEt)3 group was grafted to the core in the last step by reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane with a vinyl group at the core (B series of dendrimers). The silylated dendrimers were characterized by elemental analyses and 1H, 13C, 31P, and 29Si NMR spectroscopies. The cohydrolysis and polycondensation of these macromolecules with a defined and varying number of equivalents of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was carried out via sol−gel protocol, giving rise to dendrimer−silica xerogels. It was proven by 31P NMR spectroscopy that the dendrimers were not damaged during the sol−gel process, and it was shown by 29Si NMR spectroscopy that the dendrimer was covalently linked to the silica matrix by one Si−C bond. The texture of materials was determined by BET measurements. It was shown from elemental and thermogravimetric analysis that the percentage of incorporated organic part was notable but always inferior to the theoretical value.