gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction (2009)

Extract The problem facing [the world] is the separation of the economy from society and the absence of any effective regulation of the market place.… [T]he critical issue is the absence of a set of professional ethics. (Turner, 1996, pp. xxxi–xxxii) Why We Wrote This Book Probing “Morality” and Prodding “Ethics” Sometimes a word is worth a thousand words. Or an entire book. “Ethics” is one of those words, with no shortage of book-length treatments. The idea for a communication-centered investigation of ethics and its relationship to professional life arose during the opening session of George's ethics class in the spring of 2003. Although the students weren’t terribly excited by the idea of ethics, they became much more animated when the discussion shifted to the term “morality.” They saw the latter term as more relevant to their lives, including work. In fact, many of these same students shared an implicit assumption that doing ethics is a kind of work—work in a pejorative sense. Was this merely a game of semantics? Or was it in fact more revealing? Further classroom discussion about the meanings students associated with each of those two labels proved very informative. A number of the students associated ethics with chores that were far from captivating. They suggested that ethics were dry, abstract, were suggestive of “don’ts” rather than “do's,” and were unrelated to their everyday lives, including their careers. Talk of morality, on the other hand, got the students visibly excited: they recognized the prominence of the term in contemporary public discourse in the United States concerning everything from politics to entertainment; they also commented on the link to religion, values, and deep personal concerns. This single classroom episode said a lot, not only about the students but also about contemporary public discourse. The fact is that morality has come to trump ethics as a label: “(im)moral” has become more rhetorically compelling than “(un)ethical.” In our everyday discourse we often consider moral questions without reference to ethics at all. As we will discuss throughout this book, the way we frame such issues, broadly speaking, has implications for which issues will be addressed, how salient they will be, and how they will be evaluated (Kellaris, Boyle, & Dahlstrom, 1994).
The data retention control in NAND FLASH memory type (2016)

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.
Optimizing a random system of cascaded video processing modules by parallel evolution modeling (2002)

Video processing algorithms tend to improve over time in terms of image quality while increasing in implementation complexity. Generally, video algorithms are developed and evaluated in isolation from the video processing system of which they will be a part, in a consumer product. The final image quality obtained by that system, however, strongly depends on the interaction of its constituent algorithms. Current methods for optimizing the overall image quality are ad-hoc, time consuming and do not guarantee the best possible result. We propose a rapid and reliable method for fine-tuning composite video processing systems based on genetic algorithms (GA). The GA method evolves toward a system configuration that gives the best image quality, driven by an objective video quality metric.
Clathrin-induced pH-dependent fusion of phosphatidylcholine vesicles. (1983)

Interaction of clathrin coat protein with dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) vesicles at pH 6.5 and below results in the formation of stable vesicle-clathrin complexes (Steer, C. J., Klausner, R. D., and Blumenthal, R. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 8533-8540). In this report we show by gel chromatography and sedimentation analysis that the interaction of clathrin coat protein with unilamellar dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles at pH = 6.0 results in the formation of larger structures. As shown by electron microscopy and an increase in trapped volume of both sucrose and inulin those larger structures represent fused bilayers. We examined the mixing of membrane lipid as a result of membrane fusion using resonance energy transfer between two fluorescent lipid probes incorporated into the same vesicle membrane. At a protein:lipid ratio of 1:500 there was 50% vesicle-vesicle fusion, at pH 6.0, as indicated by the change in efficiency of energy transfer between the fluorescent probes. Fusion was completed within 60 s. A number of other proteins (ovalbumin, rabbit IgG, trypsin, pronase, calmodulin, tubulin, synexin, bovine serum albumin) at 10-fold or higher concentrations, did not induce fusion of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles, either at pH 7.4 or at pH 6.0. This system provides a model for pH-dependent and protein-mediated fusion of uncharged lipid bilayers.
Faster Evaluation of Multidimensional Integrals (1997)

In a recent paper Keister proposed two quadrature rules as alternatives to Monte Carlo for certain multidimensional integrals and reported his test results. In earlier work we had shown that the quasi-Monte Carlo method with generalized Faure points is very effective for a variety of high dimensional integrals occurng in mathematical finance. In this paper we report test results of this method on Keister's examples of dimension 9 and 25, and also for examples of dimension 60, 80 and 100. For the 25 dimensional integral we achieved accuracy of 0.01 with less than 500 points while the two methods tested by Keister used more than 220,000 points. In all of our tests, for n sample points we obtained an empirical convergence rate proportional to n^{-1} rather than the n^{-1/2} of Monte Carlo.
Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2007–2008 (2011)

This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
Dual Phase-shifting Moiré Projection with Tunable High Contrast Fringes for Three-Dimensional Microscopic Surface Profilometry (2011)

A new dual phase-shifting moiré projection method is proposed for microscopic three-dimensional surface profilometry. One of the most difficult technological challenges encountered in employing moiré triangulation projection for automatic optical inspection (AOI) is to detect high contrast projected fringes from an object's surface having vast variation of surface reflectance. Surface reflectance from different surface regions could vary significantly due to diverse surface characteristics, such as texture and roughness, in which returning light may be arbitrary combination of specular reflection, diffusion and scattering. Undesired measurement results are common when deformed moiré fringes cannot be satisfactorily detected by an imaging detector. To resolve this, the proposed method generates a moiré fringe formed by employing a combination of the deformed fringe detected from the object's surface and a virtual sinusoidal grating self-generated by the computer. A spatial averaging approach is applied to phase-shifted moiré interferograms formed between one deformed fringe and virtual fringes having an equal shifted phase, such as π/2. High-contrast phase-shifted interferograms can be generated for more accurate 3-D surface reconstruction via phase wrapping and unwrapping. One great advantage of the method is its tunable control over the moiré fringe period for reaching more measurable step heights without encountering phase ambiguity problem. From the experimental analysis using standard targets and industrial PCB, it is verified that the method can significantly improve measurement accuracy with a measuring standard deviation less than 0.14% of the overall measuring depth range when measuring a low reflected industrial object surface.
Theory for the Plasticity of Glassy Polymers (1966)

We present a theory for how a shear stress alone can induce structural changes in a glassy polymer to break up the rigidity of the glass and allow flow. We consider a molecular model in which the shear-stress field is introduced as a bias on the rotational conformation of backbone bonds. It is argued that the fraction of flexed bonds is transiently increased from that in the glass and that this, additionally causing a volume increase, produces a polymer structure resembling the liquid at some temperature above the glass transition. Using these considerations along with several well-known empirical relations, we have calculated the plastic properties of polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate. These calculated properties correspond reasonable well with the cold-drawing data available.
Indeterminacy and identifiability of blind identification (1991)

Blind identification of source signals is studied from both theoretical and algorithmic aspects. A mathematical structure is formulated from which the acceptable indeterminacy is represented by an equivalence relation. The concept of identifiability is then defined. Two identifiable cases are shown along with blind identification algorithms. The performance of FOBI (fourth-order blind identification), EFOBI (extended FOBI), and AMUSE algorithms is evaluated by some heuristic arguments and simulation results. It is shown that EFOBI outperforms the FOBI algorithm, and the AMUSE algorithm performs better than EFOBI in the case of nonwhite source signals. AMUSE is applied to a speech extraction problem and shown to have promising results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Developing Global Leaders (2012)

Although the need to develop global leaders with adequate intercultural competencies has become obvious (Morrison, 2000; Suutari, 2002), global leadership, as an emerging field, has not received a great deal of attention (Morrison, 2000). Literature of developing global leadership has been focused on partial evidence to generate simple universality with an American bias (Dickson, Hartog, & Mitchelson, 2003). This chapter attempts to propose an integrative Intercultural Effectiveness (ICE) model for Human Resource Development (HRD) professionals. The model evolves a theoretical conceptualization to link ICE and global leadership with the theory of transformative learning and the process of cross-cultural learning. It provides a series of process guidelines for HRD professionals in designing, developing, and conducting HRD programs for the development of global leadership.
<i>S100A11</i>, A Putative Tumor Suppressor Gene, Is Overexpressed in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis (2006)

The present data suggest that expression of S100A11, a putative tumor suppressor gene, is increased in the early stage of pancreatic carcinogenesis and decreased during subsequent progression to cancer. Analysis of the S100A11 level in pancreatic juice may be an effective tool for screening of patients with high-risk lesions that could progress to pancreatic cancer or detecting early-stage pancreatic cancer.
Suppression of RNA silencing by Flock house virus B2 protein is mediated through its interaction with the PAZ domain of Dicer (2009)

RNA silencing is a conserved pathway that functions as an antiviral mechanism. The majority of viruses encode silencing suppressors that interfere with siRNA- and miRNA-guided silencing pathways. The insect flock house virus B2 protein (FHVB2) functions as an RNAi silencing suppressor that inhibits siRNA biogenesis. Here, we describe the generation of a GFP silent sensor line (Sf21) and a GFP sensor line expressing FHVB2 to study RNAi suppression mechanisms. Overexpression of FHVB2 resulted in suppression of GFP-RNAi and resumption of GFP expression. Protein fractionation studies with FHVB2-transfected cells showed that FHVB2 associates with a high-molecular-weight complex of Dicer and dsRNA/siRNAs. Yeast two-hybrid and pulldown assays revealed an interaction between FHVB2 and Drosophila Dicer proteins that appeared to involve PAZ domains. To map the FHVB2 domains interacting with Dicer, we used a 17-residue C-terminal deletion mutant. RNAi suppression was reversed in cells transfected with the FHVB2 mutant as revealed by loss of GFP. Additional yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pulldown assays confirmed that the C-terminal region of FHVB2 was involved in the interaction with the PAZ domains of Dicers. These results thus reveal a novel interaction between FHVB2 and Dicer that leads to suppression of siRNA biogenesis.
A Model-Based Controller for Commercial Aero Gas Turbines (2002)

This article describes the design and development of a model-based control system for a large commercial aero gas turbine engine. The control system, referred to as the Integrated Margin Management (IMM) control, exploits a real-time engine model (RTEM) to estimate control loop feedback signals, enabling the implementation of nontraditional control modes. These nontraditional control modes include algorithms for controlling, optimizing, and/or trading off margins to key operational limits such as thrust, compressor stability, combustor stability, turbine life, redline limits, and emissions. An overview of the results produced with the IMM controller design illustrates the feasibility of this approach for commercial aero gas turbine applications.
Preeclampsia and Risk for Epilepsy in Offspring (2008)

Prenatal exposure to both preeclampsia and eclampsia was associated with an increased risk of epilepsy in children born after 37 weeks of gestation.
Treatment and Outcome Analysis of 205 Patients with Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (2004)

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are resistant at least to rifampin and isoniazid, entails extended treatment, expensive and toxic regimens, and higher rates of treatment failure and death. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes in 205 patients treated at our center for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, with strains resistant to a median of six drugs, and compared the results with those of our previous series. Logistic regression and survival analysis were used to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes, respectively. Initial favorable response, defined as at least three consecutive negative sputum cultures over a period of at least 3 months, was 85% compared with 65% in the prior cohort. The current cohort had greater long-term success rates, 75% versus 56%, and lower tuberculosis death rates, 12% versus 22%, than the earlier one. Surgical resection and fluoroquinolone therapy were associated with improved microbiological and clinical outcomes in the 205 patients studied after adjusting for other variables. The improvement was statistically significant for surgery and among older patients for fluoroquinolone therapy.
Scene Understanding for Autonomous Manipulation with Deep Learning (2019)

Over the past few years, deep learning techniques have achieved tremendous success in many visual understanding tasks such as object detection, image segmentation, and caption generation. Despite this thriving in computer vision and natural language processing, deep learning has not yet shown signicant impact in robotics. Due to the gap between theory and application, there are many challenges when applying the results of deep learning to the real robotic systems. In this study, our long-term goal is to bridge the gap between computer vision and robotics by developing visual methods that can be used in real robots. In particular, this work tackles two fundamental visual problems for autonomous robotic manipulation: affordance detection and ne-grained action understanding. Theoretically, we propose dierent deep architectures to further improves the state of the art in each problem. Empirically, we show that the outcomes of our proposed methods can be applied in real robots and allow them to perform useful manipulation tasks.
Distinct Patterns of Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variants including N501Y in Clinical Samples in Columbus Ohio (2021)

Abstract Following the worldwide emergence of the p.Asp614Gly shift in the Spike (S) gene of SARS-CoV-2, there have been few recurring pathogenic shifts occurring during 2020, as assessed by genomic sequencing. This situation has evolved in the last several months with the emergence of several distinct variants (first identified in the United Kingdom and South Africa) that manifest multiple changes in the S gene, particularly p.Asn501Tyr (N501Y), that likely have clinical impact. We report here the emergence in Columbus, Ohio in December 2020 of two novel SARS-CoV-2 clade 20G variants. One variant, that has become the predominant virus found in nasopharyngeal swabs in the December 2020-January 2021 period, harbors S p.Gln677His (Q677H), affecting a consensus QTQTN domain near the S1/S2 furin cleavage site, nucleocapsid (N) p.Asp377Tyr (D377Y) and membrane glycoprotein (M) p.Ala85Ser (A85S) mutations, with additional S mutations in subsets. The other variant present in two samples, contains S N501Y, which is a marker of the UK-B.1.1.7 (clade 20I/501Y.V1) strain, but lacks all other mutations from that virus. The Ohio variant is from a different clade and shares multiple mutations with the clade 20G viruses circulating in the area prior to December 2020. These two SARS-CoV-2 viruses, which we show are also present and evolving currently in several other parts of North America, add to the diversity of S gene shifts occurring worldwide. These and other shifts in this period of the pandemic support multiple independent acquisition of functionally significant and potentially complementing mutations affecting the S QTQTN site (Q675H or Q677H) and certain receptor binding domain mutations (e.g., E484K and N501Y).
Three-Dimensional Microdrilling of Glass by Multiphoton Process and Chemical Etching (1999)

We demonstrate the three-dimensional microdrilling of glass by the multiphoton process with nonresonant femtosecond laser pulses and by the subsequent chemical etching. We use photomachinable glass which is sensitive to cw UV light of a wavelength shorter than 320 nm. After the focused irradiation of nonresonant femtosecond laser pulses at 400 nm and subsequent heat treatment, crystallites of Li 2 O·SiO 2 , which are more soluble in dilute hydrofluoric acid than matrix glass, precipitate in the focused area of the laser within the glass sample. After etching the crystallites, three-dimensional holes are formed in the glass sample. We produce straight and Y-branched holes in the glass sample. This technique can be applied to the fields of microoptics, microelectronics and microchemicals.
Highly Selective Metathesis of 1-Octene in Ionic Liquids (2006)

The self-metathesis of 1-octene to form 7-tetradecene catalyzed by ruthenium carbene complexes at low concentrations (0.02 mol %) was investigated in ionic liquids as reaction media and as additives. The study showed that the ionic liquid has a significant effect on the selectivity of the metathesis of 1-octene, with conversion to product of greater than 95% being obtained and selectivities of over 98% being realized. The outcomes of the reactions compared well with those performed under solventless conditions, showing improved conversions and selectivities.
Molecular Dynamics:  Survey of Methods for Simulating the Activity of Proteins (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Dynamics: Survey of Methods for Simulating the Activity of ProteinsStewart A. Adcock and J. Andrew McCammonView Author Information NSF Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0365 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 5, 1589–1615Publication Date (Web):February 9, 2006Publication History Received15 September 2004Published online9 February 2006Published inissue 1 May 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr040426mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr040426mresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13005Altmetric-Citations913LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Algorithms,Computer simulations,Molecular dynamics,Molecular mechanics,Solvents Get e-Alerts