gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
여성 슈트에 나타난 복고적 디자인 표현 특성 (2011)

최근 금융위기와 불황은 인간의 가치관에 변화를 주어 옛것을 그리워하는 복고적 경향이 사회현상으로 나타났다. 패션에서도 복고가 새로운 트랜드로 제안되면서 창의적인 디자인으로 표현되어지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 과거의 슈트디자인의 특성을 파악하여, 최근 트렌드로 나타난 복고풍 슈트 디자인의 표현 특성을 알아보는데 있다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 형태의 절충성은 남성적인 재킷의 형태와 여성적인 형태를 절충하여 새로운 이미지의 형태로 변화시켰다. 둘째, 하이터치 질감의 창조는 복고적 스타일에 발달된 직조, 가술로 만들어낸 하이터치 질감을 조합하여 과거의 시대적 감성을 새로운 창의성으로 표현하였다. 셋째, 선의 창의성은 슈트 내부의 구성 선으로 새로운 면 분할과 어깨와 소매 등의 연결선 이동은 새로운 비례를 만들어 독창적인 디자인을 창조하였다. 넷째, 장식적 요소의 결합은 슈트에 시각적인 리듬감으로 부여하여 흥미로운 디자인을 만들어내었다. 이처럼 21세기 여성 슈트는 과거 시대를 풍미했던 대표적 스타일을 현대적 재질, 현대적인 테일러링 기술과 디테일의 접목으로 과거와는 다른 새로운 라인과 새로운 비례를 만들어 슈트 디자인의 형태를 재창조하고 있어 미래의 슈트 디자인 발상에 아이디어를 제공해주고 있다.
Serine Protease Inhibition by Insect Peptides Containing a Cysteine Knot and a Triple-stranded β-Sheet (1995)

Three insect peptides showing high sequence similarity and belonging to the same structural family incorporating a cysteine knot and a short three-stranded antiparalled beta-sheet were studied. Their inhibitory effect on two serine proteases (bovine alpha-chymotrypsin and human leukocyte elastase) is reported. One of them, PMP-C, is a strong alpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor (Ki = 0.2 nM) and interacts with leukocyte elastase with a Ki of 0.12 microM. The other two peptides, PMP-D2 and HI, interact only weakly with alpha-chymotrypsin and do not inhibit leukocyte elastase. Synthetic variants of these peptides were prepared by solid-phase synthesis, and their action toward serine proteases was evaluated. This enabled us to locate the P1 residues within the reactive sites (Leu-30 for PMP-C and Arg-29 for PMP-D2 and HI), and, interestingly, variants of PMP-D2 and HI were converted into powerful inhibitors of both alpha-chymotrypsin and leukocyte elastase, the most potent elastase inhibitor obtained in this study having a Ki of 3 nM.
Electropolymerization of a Bifunctional Ionic Liquid Monomer Yields an Electroactive Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer (2010)

Abstract The preparation and polymerization of a bifunctional imidazolium‐based ionic liquid (IL) monomer that incorporates both a vinyl group and a thiophene moiety is reported. Potentiodynamic electropolymerization of the monomer produces an optically birefringent polymer film that strongly adheres to the electrode surface. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy shows that polymerization occurs through both the vinyl and thienyl groups. Cylic voltammetry (CV) is used to determine the polymer oxidation potential (1.66 V) and electrochemical bandgap, E g , of 2.45 eV. The polymer exhibits electrochromism, converting from yellow in the neutral form ( λ max = 380 nm) to blue in the polaronic state at 0.6 V ( λ max = 672 nm) and to blue‐grey in the bipolaronic state at 1.2 V ( λ max > 800 nm). Topographic atomic force microscopy (AFM) images reveal isolated (separated) fibrils. Grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) studies indicate a lamellar structure with a lattice spacing of 3.2 nm. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) studies further suggest that the polymerized thiophene sheets are oriented perpendicular to the polymerized vinylimidazolium. The electrical conductivity, as determined by four‐probe dc conductivity measurements was found to be 0.53 S cm −1 in the neutral form and 2.36 S cm −1 in the iodine‐doped state, values higher than typically observed for polyalkylthiophenes. The structural ordering is believed to contribute to the observed enhancement of the electrical conductivity.
Falsely elevated cardiac troponin-I in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. (2005)

Using 2 commercial assays for cTnI, we found that patients with seropositive RA do not have falsely elevated serum cTnI levels.
Imaging of <i>Plasmodium</i> Liver Stages to Drive Next-Generation Antimalarial Drug Discovery (2011)

Most malaria drug development focuses on parasite stages detected in red blood cells, even though, to achieve eradication, next-generation drugs active against both erythrocytic and exo-erythrocytic forms would be preferable. We applied a multifactorial approach to a set of >4000 commercially available compounds with previously demonstrated blood-stage activity (median inhibitory concentration < 1 micromolar) and identified chemical scaffolds with potent activity against both forms. From this screen, we identified an imidazolopiperazine scaffold series that was highly enriched among compounds active against Plasmodium liver stages. The orally bioavailable lead imidazolopiperazine confers complete causal prophylactic protection (15 milligrams/kilogram) in rodent models of malaria and shows potent in vivo blood-stage therapeutic activity. The open-source chemical tools resulting from our effort provide starting points for future drug discovery programs, as well as opportunities for researchers to investigate the biology of exo-erythrocytic forms.
Enhancement of Glycerol Conversion to Acetol in High-temperature Liquid Water by High-pressure Carbon Dioxide (2008)

Abstract Dehydration of glycerol to acetol proceeded in high-temperature liquid water at 573 K in a batch reactor. The acetol formation rate increased with an addition of high-pressure carbon dioxide.
Replacing Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with Systemic Exercise Intolerance Disease Is Not the Way forward (2016)

Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), described in the medical literature since 1938, is characterized by distinctive muscular symptoms, neurological symptoms, and signs of circulatory impairment. The only mandatory feature of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), introduced in 1988 and redefined in 1994, is chronic fatigue, which should be accompanied by at least four or more out of eight "additional" symptoms. The use of the abstract, polythetic criteria of CFS, which define a heterogeneous patient population, and self-report has hampered both scientific progress and accurate diagnosis. To resolve the "diagnostic impasse" the Institute of Medicine proposes that a new clinical entity, systemic exercise intolerance disease (SEID), should replace the clinical entities ME and CFS. However, adopting SEID and its defining symptoms, does not resolve methodological and diagnostic issues. Firstly, a new diagnostic entity cannot replace two distinct, partially overlapping, clinical entities such as ME and CFS. Secondly, due to the nature of the diagnostic criteria, the employment of self-report, and the lack of criteria to exclude patients with other conditions, the SEID criteria seem to select an even more heterogeneous patient population, causing additional diagnostic confusion. This article discusses methodological and diagnostic issues related to SEID and proposes a methodological solution for the current "diagnostic impasse".
Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Fibroblast Clusters Linked to Immunotherapy Resistance in Cancer (2020)

A subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts (FAP<sup>+</sup>/CAF-S1) mediates immunosuppression in breast cancers, but its heterogeneity and its impact on immunotherapy response remain unknown. Here, we identify 8 CAF-S1 clusters by analyzing more than 19,000 single CAF-S1 fibroblasts from breast cancer. We validate the five most abundant clusters by flow cytometry and <i>in silico</i> analyses in other cancer types, highlighting their relevance. Myofibroblasts from clusters 0 and 3, characterized by extracellular matrix proteins and TGFβ signaling, respectively, are indicative of primary resistance to immunotherapies. Cluster 0/ecm-myCAF upregulates PD-1 and CTLA4 protein levels in regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), which, in turn, increases CAF-S1 cluster 3/TGFβ-myCAF cellular content. Thus, our study highlights a positive feedback loop between specific CAF-S1 clusters and Tregs and uncovers their role in immunotherapy resistance. SIGNIFICANCE: Our work provides a significant advance in characterizing and understanding FAP<sup>+</sup> CAF in cancer. We reached a high resolution at single-cell level, which enabled us to identify specific clusters associated with immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance. Identification of cluster-specific signatures paves the way for therapeutic options in combination with immunotherapies.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1241</i>.
Bivalent Recombinant Vaccine for Botulinum Neurotoxin Types A and B Based on a Polypeptide Comprising Their Effector and Translocation Domains That Is Protective against the Predominant A and B Subtypes (2009)

The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are a large family of extremely potent, neuroparalytic, dichain proteins which act at the peripheral nervous system. The wide genetic diversity observed with this neurotoxin family poses a significant challenge for the development of an effective botulinum vaccine. The present study describes a vaccine development platform based on protein fragments representing the N-terminal two-thirds of each toxin molecule. These fragments, designated LH(N), comprise the light chain and translocation domains of each neurotoxin and are devoid of any neuron-binding activity. Using codon-optimized genes, LH(N) fragments derived from BoNT serotypes A and B were expressed in Escherichia coli in high yield with >1 g of purified, soluble fragment recoverable from 4.5 liter-scale fermentations. The protective efficacy of LH(N)/A was significantly enhanced by treatment with formaldehyde, which induced intramolecular cross-linking but virtually no aggregation of the fragment. A single immunization of the modified fragment protected mice from challenge with a 10(3) 50% lethal dose (LD(50)) of BoNT/A(1) with an 50% effective dose (ED(50)) of 50 ng of the vaccine. In similar experiments, the LH(N)/A vaccine was shown to protect mice against challenge with BoNT/A subtypes A(1), A(2), and A(3), which is the first demonstration of single-dose protection by a vaccine against the principal toxin subtypes of BoNT/A. The LH(N)/B vaccine was also highly efficacious, giving an ED(50) of approximately 140 ng to a challenge of 10(3) LD(50) of BoNT/B(1). In addition, LH(N)/B provided single-dose protection in mice against BoNT/B(4) (nonproteolytic toxin subtype).
SAR and HSI data fusion for counter CC&D (2003)

There have been several examples in which both synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems collected data in support of military operations (SMO). FOPEN (foliage penetration) radar has been used to penetrate tree canopies in order to detect objects. On the other hand, spectral differences between targets and backgrounds are used in HSI systems. Both SAR and HSI systems may suffer substantial false alarm and leakage rates due to respective background clutter. It is expected that a combined SAR and HSI system will greatly enhance the detection and identification performance. Based on the features derived from SAR and HSI data, a fusion approach has been established. Data sets of SAR and HSI over a common area from the Dixie data collection (May 1997 from Vicksberg, Mississippi) are used in this paper to demonstrate the fusion approach. The site contained several camouflage nets and vehicles. One of the vehicles was covered under a camouflage net. Target detection is shown for each data set based on RCS (radar cross section) and spectral features. In particular, a transformation of the spectral measurements into principal components was used to reduce the dimensionality of HSI data as well as to facilitate spectral feature extraction and material identification. SAR and HSI detections were subsequently combined via image coregistration. The fusion results showed that false detections in the SAR image were greatly reduced with background characterization of trees from HSI and target detections were confirmed with detection of camouflage nets and material identification of vehicle paints.
TR4 nuclear receptor promotes prostate cancer metastasis <i>via</i> upregulation of CCL2/CCR2 signaling (2014)

Testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) plays protective roles against oxidative stress and DNA damage and might contribute to aging. Our recent clinical tumor tissue staining results showed higher expression of TR4 in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with high Gleason scores compared to the tissues with the low Gleason scores. In vitro migration/invasion assays after manipulation of the TR4 expression in PCa cells showed that TR4 promoted PCa cells migration/invasion. Mechanism dissection found that the CCL2/CCR2 signal plays the key role in the mediation of TR4-promoted PCa cells migration/invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and Luciferase assays further confirmed TR4 modulation of CCL2 at the transcriptional level and addition of the CCR2 antagonist led to interruption of the TR4-enhanced PCa cells migration/invasion. Finally, the orthotopic xenografted mice studies using the luciferase expressing CWR22Rv1 cells found that TR4 enhanced PCa metastasis and this increased metastasis was reversed when the CCR2 antagonist was injected into the mice. Together, these in vitro and in vivo results revealed a positive role of TR4 in PCa metastasis and demonstrated CCL2/CCR2 signaling as an important mediator in exerting TR4 action. This finding suggests that TR4 may represent a biomarker related to PCa metastasis and targeting the TR4-CCL2/CCR2 axis may become a new therapeutic approach to battle PCa metastasis.
Sensitivity of commercial ethyl glucuronide (ETG) testing in screening for alcohol abstinence (2007)

The '80 h Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) test' has become an idiom of the alcohol testing community, a review of the literature shows this window of detection applies only to extreme cases. EtG testing is becoming more common as a method to test for alcohol consumption in individuals who have been ordered to abstain from alcohol consumption. We tested 19 subjects using commercially available EtG kits. All urine samples collected more than 26 h after drinking had false negative results.
Hypomethylation of ornithine decarboxylase gene and erb-A1 oncogene in human chronic lymphatic leukemia (1988)

The methylation state of CCGG sites in and around the human ornithine decarboxylase gene, oncogenes c-myc and erb-A1, and actin genes were determined in human malignant leucocytes from patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphatic leukemia, polycythemia vera, and multiple myeloma by means of isoschizomeric restriction endonuclease analysis. When compared with DNA from leucocytes of healthy controls, the ornithine decarboxylase and erb-A1 genes were substantially hypomethylated in all samples obtained from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia. Hypomethylation of genes, particularly growth-related sequences, might be a crucial fact in the malignant transformation of human leucocytes. Its relatively simple detection from blood samples may prove clinically applicable in monitoring patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia.
Measuring television transposer intermodulation distortion (1988)

The authors examine the behavior of the intermodulation (IM) level during one line period and propose a measuring method allowing the use of a standard or a modified color-bar test signal. The latter enables the nonlinearity of the transposer to be minimized in the line synchronization region, and this is shown to minimize vision/sound crossmodulation. Differential gain and phase can also be optimized. Measurements indicate that minimization of the IM level with the three-tone method often causes unacceptable IM limits at other colors. The measurement technique is based on sampling the demodulated color-bar signal for short intervals corresponding to a selected color. This allows the simultaneous measurement of IM level at seven different points on the transposer's characteristic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non-Destructive Thickness Measurement Using Quasi-Static Resonators (2013)

A microwave sensor for non-destructive measurement of dielectric thickness is presented. The sensor is a quasi-static resonator and based on complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) structure. When the CSRR structure is backed by a conductive medium covered with a dielectric layer the resonance frequency of the CSRR has a strong dependence on the thickness of the dielectric layer. Effect of the size of CSRR sensor on the sensitivity is analyzed numerically. For experimental verification, a CSRR sensor that operates in the 1.6 to 2.3 GHz band is fabricated and excited by a microstrip line.
Reduced Content of Lysyl-Phosphatidylglycerol in the Cytoplasmic Membrane Affects Susceptibility to Moenomycin, as Well as Vancomycin, Gentamicin, and Antimicrobial Peptides, in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2004)

An association between moenomycin resistance and vancomycin intermediate resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was demonstrated previously. Thus, to elucidate the mechanism of vancomycin intermediate resistance, we searched for factors contributing to moenomycin resistance. Random Tn551 insertional mutagenesis of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain COL yielded three mutants with decreased susceptibilities to moenomycin. Correspondingly, these mutants also exhibited slightly decreased susceptibilities to vancomycin. Genetic analysis revealed that two of the mutants had Tn551 insertions in the fmtC (mprF) gene, which is associated with the synthesis of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol. The third Tn551 insertion was located in the lysC gene, which is involved in the biosynthesis of lysine from aspartic acid. Consequently, mutations in both of these loci reduced the lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol content in the cell membrane, giving it a more negative net charge. The positively charged antibiotic gentamicin and cationic antimicrobial peptides such as beta-defensins and CAP18 were more effective against the mutants. The levels of moenomycin and vancomycin binding to intact cells was also greater in the mutants than in the wild type, while the binding affinity was not altered when cells boiled in sodium dodecyl sulfate were used, indicating that both agents had higher affinities for the negatively charged membranes of the mutants. Therefore, the membrane charge of S. aureus appears to influence the efficacies of moenomycin, vancomycin, and other cationic antimicrobial agents.
New subdomain basis-function model for the ringelement in FSS arrays (1996)

A new subdomain model for predicting the frequency response of an FSS consisting of ring elements is presented. The rings are modelled as two overlapping identical regular polygons and the currents are represented by roof-top basis functions. Comparisons with measured results are presented to show that this technique is more reliable than the entire-domain method.
How human neutrophils kill and degrade microbes: an integrated view (2007)

Neutrophils constitute the dominant cell in the circulation that mediates the earliest innate immune human responses to infection. The morbidity and mortality from infection rise dramatically in patients with quantitative or qualitative neutrophil defects, providing clinical confirmation of the important role of normal neutrophils for human health. Neutrophil-dependent anti-microbial activity against ingested microbes represents the collaboration of multiple agents, including those prefabricated during granulocyte development in the bone marrow and those generated de novo following neutrophil activation. Furthermore, neutrophils cooperate with extracellular agents as well as other immune cells to optimally kill and degrade invading microbes. This brief review focuses attention on two examples of the integrated nature of neutrophil-mediated anti-microbial action within the phagosome. The importance and complexity of myeloperoxidase-mediated events illustrate a collaboration of anti-microbial responses that are endogenous to the neutrophil, whereas the synergy between the phagocyte NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase and plasma-derived group IIA phospholipase A(2) exemplifies the collective effects of the neutrophil with an exogenous factor to achieve degradation of ingested staphylococci.
The Chain of Effects from Brand Trust and Brand Affect to Brand Performance: The Role of Brand Loyalty (2001)

The authors examine two aspects of brand loyalty, purchase loyalty and attitudinal loyalty, as linking variables in the chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance (market share and relative price). The model includes product-level, category-related controls (hedonic value and utilitarian value) and brand-level controls (brand differentiation and share of voice). The authors compile an aggregate data set for 107 brands from three separate surveys of consumers and brand managers. The results indicate that when the product- and brand-level variables are controlled for, brand trust and brand affect combine to determine purchase loyalty and attitudinal loyalty. Purchase loyalty, in turn, leads to greater market share, and attitudinal loyalty leads to a higher relative price for the brand. The authors discuss the managerial implications of these results.
Sensorless manipulation using massively parallel microfabricated actuator arrays (2002)

This paper investigates manipulation tasks with arrays of microelectromechanical structures (MEMS). We develop a geometric model for the mechanics of microactuators and a theory of sensorless, parallel manipulation, and we describe efficient algorithms for their evaluation. The theory of limit surfaces offers a purely geometric characterization of microscale contacts between actuator and moving object, which can be used to efficiently predict the motion of the object on an actuator array. It is shown how simple actuator control strategies can be used to uniquely align a part up to symmetry without sensor feedback. This theory is applicable to a wide range of microactuator arrays. Our actuators are oscillating structures of single-crystal silicon fabricated in a IC-compatible process. Calculations show that these actuators are strong enough to levitate and move, for example, a piece of paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intraoperative 3-D mapping of parathyroid adenoma using freehand SPECT (2012)

In this preliminary study, we could demonstrate that intraoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas is feasible using the freehand SPECT technology, thus allowing an image-guided parathyroidectomy.
PSK-Type Modulation with Overlapping Baseband Pulses (1977)

One of the most interesting challenges in the field of digital radio is to generate and transmit signals which meet the spectral requirements and which have high detection efficiencies. The spectral efficiency of PSK-type modulation with overlapping baseband pulses is known to be better than that with nonoverlapping pulses of the same form; but, to our knowledge, no analysis is presently available to determine their detection efficiency. In this paper a method has been given to evaluate the error probability performance of PSK-type modulation with baseband pulses of finite overlap and mutually independent samples. It is shown that the error probability can be computed with any desired accuracy. For BPSK and for some typical transmit and receive filters and for a transparent channel corrupted by additive Gaussian noise we compare the detection efficiencies when the baseband modulation pulses have zero and nonzero overlap and when the transmitted signal satisfies the same spectral requirement. The nonoverlapping rectangular signaling is shown to be superior to overlapping raised-cosine signaling, but the differential degradation is less than 0.8 dB if the twosided 99-percent bandwidth W <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">99</inf> satisfies <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.1/T \leq W_{99}\leq 1.6/T</tex> . The analytical results presented here for a binary system can be extended with minor modifications to any <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> -ary PSK system, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M > 2</tex> .