gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Serotonergic Transporters using PET and [<sup>11</sup>C](+)McN-5652: Assessment of Methods (2000)

[11C](+)McN-5652 is an established positron emission tomography tracer used to assess serotonergic transporter density. Several methods have been used to analyze [11C](+)McN-5652 data; however, no evaluation of candidate methods has been published in detail yet. In this study, compartmental modeling using a one-tissue compartment model (K1, k2"), a two-tissue compartment model (K1 to k4), and a noncompartmental method that relies on a reference region devoid of specific binding sites were assessed. Because of its low density of serotonergic transporters, white matter was chosen as reference. Parameters related to transporter density were the total distribution volume DV" (= K1/k2", one tissue compartment), DVtot, (=K1/k1' (1 + k3/k4), two tissue compartments), and Rv (= k3'/k4, noncompartmental method). The DV", DVtot, and Rv values extended over a similar range and reflected the known pattern of serotonergic transporters. However, all parameters related to transporter density were markedly confounded by nonspecific binding. With regard to K1, the one-tissue compartment model yielded markedly lower values, which were, however, more stable. The minimal study duration needed to determine stable values for the distribution volume was approximately 60 minutes. The choice of the method to analyze [11C](+)McN-5652 data depends on the situation. Parametric maps of Rv are useful if no information on K1 is needed. If compartmental modeling is chosen, both the one- and the two-tissue compartment models have advantages. The one-tissue compartment model underestimates K1 but yields more robust values. The distribution volumes calculated with both models contain a similar amount of information. None of the parameters reflected serotonergic transporter density in a true quantitative manner, as all were confounded by nonspecific binding.
Monitoring ultradian changes in cardiorespiratory control in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (2011)

Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is commonly employed to track changes in autonomic nervous system and respiratory activity during sleep. However, conventional HRV spectral indices can be seriously confounded by inter-subject differences or intra-individual changes in ventilation and ventilatory pattern, especially in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We highlight the approach we have undertaken to circumvent this problem by introducing "respiration-adjusted" spectral indices of HRV. Since fluctuations in sleep state also affect HRV considerably, we describe a method for combining the information derived from sleep staging and the information derived from cardiorespiratory measurements. We also introduce a new complementary index of autonomic function, BRS(PTT), based on measurements of heart period and pulse transit time. We demonstrate that this surrogate measure of baroreflex gain correlates well with the corresponding measures of baroreflex sensitivity based on noninvasive blood pressure measurements. Our experience to date suggests that BRS(PTT), along with respiration-adjusted spectral measures of HRV, are useful as clinical tools for assessing autonomic dysfunction in OSAS.
Somatosensory and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials Assessed between 4 and 7 Days after Severe Stroke Onset Predict Unfavorable Outcome (2015)

Our objective was to explore the best predictive timing of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SLSEP) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) for unfavorable outcomes in patients with early stage severe stroke. One hundred fifty-six patients with acute severe supratentorial stroke were monitored according to SLSEP, BAEP, and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at 1-3 days and 4-7 days after the onset of stroke. All patients were followed up for outcomes at 6 months after onset using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), with a score of 5-6 considered unfavorable. The predictive values of SLSEP, BAEP, and the GCS at 1-3 days were compared with 4-7 days after onset. Our results show that, according to the analysis of prognostic authenticity, the predictive values of SLSEP and BAEP at 4-7 days after stroke onset improved when compared with the values at 1-3 days for unfavorable outcomes. Most of the patients with change of worsening evoked potentials from 1-3 days to 4-7 days after onset had unfavorable outcomes. In conclusion, SLSEP and BAEP assessed at 4-7 days after onset predicted unfavorable outcomes for acute severe stroke patients. The worsening values of SLSEP and BAEP between 1-3 days and 4-7 days also present a prognostic value.
Fingerprint Watermarking for H.264 Streaming Media (2007)

In this paper we propose a method that identifies users at H.264 streaming using watermarking with fingerprints. The watermark can efficiently reduce the potential danger of forgery or alteration. Especially a biometric watermark has various advantages. Among entire biometric characteristics, the fingerprint is the most convenient and economical. In this paper we propose a novel fingerprint-based watermarking technique that can survive under very low bit-rate compression. The proposed algorithm consists of enhancement of a fingerprint image, watermark insertion using discrete wavelet transform. In this paper we also analyze H.264 compression pattern and its effects on watermarking. After restoring the damaged watermark sequence using various filters, the algorithm extracts the embedded watermark. The proposed algorithm can achieve robust watermark extraction against H.264 compressed videos.
An analysis of security issues in building automation systems (2014)

The purpose of Building Automation Systems (BAS) is to centralise the management of a wide range of building services, through the use of integrated protocol and communication media. Through the use of IP-based communication and encapsulated protocols, BAS are increasingly being connected to corporate networks and also being remotely accessed for management purposes, both for convenience and emergency purposes. These protocols, however, were not designed with security as a primary requirement, thus the majority of systems operate with sub-standard or non-existent security implementations, relying on security through obscurity. Research has been undertaken into addressing the shortfalls of security implementations in BAS, however defining the threats against BAS, and detection of these threats is an area that is particularly lacking. This paper presents an overview of the current security measures in BAS, outlining key issues, and methods that can be improved to protect cyber physical systems against the increasing threat of cyber terrorism and hacktivism. Future research aims to further evaluate and improve the detection systems used in BAS through first defining the threats and then applying and evaluating machine learning algorithms for traffic classification and IDS profiling capable of operating on resource constrained BAS.
Assessment of Chemical Reactivity Hazards for Nitration Reactions and Decomposition of Nitro-Compounds (2013)

Nitro-compounds made from the nitration of organic molecules are highly reactive chemicals used for producing a variety of commercial products throughout the world. However, the potential for over-nitration and the inadvertent or unexpected decomposition can lead to very high chemical reactivity hazards with dangerous consequences. Such reactions are exothermic leading to generation of heat that can accelerate the reaction causing a rapid temperature and pressure increase in a vessel. A detailed chemical reactivity hazard assessment should include the estimation and/or measurement of several parameters such as the heat of reaction, adiabatic temperature rise, maximum self-heat rate, exothermal onset temperature and oxygen balance.
Visco Coolant Pump - Demand-Based Flow Rate Control (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">After many years of successful Visco fan drive applications, Behr has now transferred the Visco technology to the coolant pump drive. The continuously variable Visco drive allows the coolant pump to deliver the optimum flow dependent upon the requirements, therefore reducing the drive power to the minimum possible.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Up to now coolant pumps, world wide, have almost always been powered by direct, uncontrolled drives. Consequently, the delivery and the power consumption have been directly related to the engine speed, which, in many conditions, results in an unnecessarily high flow rate. The potential to reduce the flow rate is inherent within the Visco coolant pump.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">As a concept with continuous control of the impeller speed it has been found to be more fuel efficient than incremental impeller speed control or concepts which only restrict or divert the flow rate. The torque transmission via the shear forces of a silicone oil results in a robust and wear-free drive unit. The use of a speed sensor allows both a closed loop control system, with the impeller speed following precisely the demands, and a feedback on the reliable operation of the pump. The actuation system has been designed as fail-safe: the loss of electric supply leads to full engagement of the impeller. With the help of a special bearing design the packaging of the drive unit mostly within the space of the pulley could be achieved. After successful validation on component test rigs, on engines and in vehicles the series production of the Visco coolant pump has been launched in 2011.</div></div>
Prenatal Topiramate Exposure Induced Developmental Changes in Rat Brain (2005)

Female Charles Foster pregnant rats were treated with Topiramate which is a newer antiepileptic drug used in refractory partial seizure. The drug was introduced through oral route in the doses of 40, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight from days 9–12 of gestation (Sperm +ve = 0 day) in female rats. Control female rats were introduced equivalent amount of tap water through the same route. The fetuses from both control and treated groups were collected on day 21 of gestation after sacrificing the mothers by deep ether anaesthesia. They were examined, weighed and further fixed in formalin for histomorphological examination. The brains were dissected out, on gross examination, they did not show any difference in morphology between control and treated groups. Histological observation of the treated brains showed dilatation of blood vessels and spongiform changes disturbing typical laminar pattern of the cortical plate in cerebrum and scattered patches of gliosis around degenerated cellular mass. The subventricular zone was found to be thickened in comparison to the control brains. The changes were similar in all three treated groups as compared to the controls except that the severity of drug insult increased with increasing doses of the drug. doi: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.2005.120204
A Wnt-TGFβ2 axis induces a fibrogenic program in muscle stem cells from dystrophic mice (2014)

We have previously observed that Wnt signaling activates a fibrogenic program in adult muscle stem cells, called satellite cells, during aging. We genetically labeled satellite cells in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy to follow their fate during the progression of the disease. We observed that a fraction of satellite cells had a reduced myogenic potential and showed enhanced expression of profibrotic genes compared to age-matched controls. By combining in vitro and in vivo results, we found that expression of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2) was induced in response to elevated canonical Wnt signaling in dystrophic muscles and that the resulting increase in TGFβ activity affected the behavior of satellite cells in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of the TGFβ pathway in vivo reduced the fibrogenic characteristics of satellite cells. These studies shed new light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for stem cell dysfunction in dystrophic muscle and may contribute to the development of more effective and specific therapeutic approaches for the prevention of muscle fibrosis.
Gps And Sms-Based Child Tracking System Using Smart Phone (2014)

Recently many cases of missing children between ages 14 and 17 years are reported. Parents always worry about the possibility of kidnapping of their children. This paper proposes an Android based solution to aid parents to track their children in real time. Nowadays, most mobile phones are equipped with location services capabilities allowing us to get the device’s geographic position in real time. The proposed solution takes the advantage of the location services provided by mobile phone since most of kids carry mobile phones. The mobile application use the GPS and SMS services found in Android mobile phones. It allows the parent to get their child’s location on a real time map. The system consists of two sides, child side and parent side. A parent’s device main duty is to send a request location SMS to the child’s device to get the location of the child. On the other hand, the child’s device main responsibility is to reply the GPS position to the parent’s device upon request.
Gated fiber-optic-coupled detector for in vivo real-time radiation dosimetry (2004)

Gated detection of the output of a fiber-optic-coupled radiation dosimeter effectively eliminated the direct contribution of Cerenkov radiation to the signal. The radiation source was an external beam radiotherapy machine that provided pulses of 6-MeV x rays. Gated detection was used to discriminate the signal collected during the radiation pulses, including Cerenkov interference, from the signal collected between the radiation pulses due only to phosphorescence from the Cu(1+)-doped glass detector. Gated detection of the long-lived phosphorescence of the Cu(1+)-doped glass provided real-time dose measurements that were linear with the absorbed dose and that were accurate for all field sizes studied.
The precision-engineered heat pipe for cooling Pentium II in CompactPCI design (2002)

The CompactPCI standard was developed originally by Ziatech. It provides a way to combine the performance and the low cost of the PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnection) standard with a small, rugged computer form factor ideal for embedded applications. It functions as a 6U CompactPCI peripheral processor in a CompactPCI multiprocessing system (CompactPCI/MP), and operates in a peripheral slot, while the system CPU master operates in the system slot. The ZT 5540 is an ideal solution for telecommunication applications, such as pre-processor or protocol converter functions. The board occupies one or two CompactPCI slots depending on the configuration. A 14-watt processor module for the CompactPCI needs a proper thermal management solution under its thermal specifications. The challenge of the thermal management solution includes both thermal and mechanical design. Heat pipes are passive devices with high reliability and low cost. They have been widely used in electronic cooling. Transferring the heat load from the heat source to another location where the space is available for the heat sink is one of the major advantages of the heat pipe. With the special features of the heat pipe, both thermal and mechanical challenges of the thermal management solution can be achieved. The thermal analysis on the design is presented and subsequently verified by the test data.
Base station transmitting antenna arrays for multipath environments (1996)

Adaptive transmitting antenna arrays can increase the capacity of mobile radio networks by reusing a channel among several users. To reuse bandwidth, a transmitting antenna array can exploit feedback information from the mobile receivers in order to track changes in the multipath environment. When the mobile is moving rapidly, the required feedback rates can become significant. We present a new method for transmission beamforming, which, by exploiting the subspace structure present in the spatial channel, requires much lower feedback data rates than previous methods. We consider antenna arrays at the base only, and the mobile has a single omnidirectional antenna. Adaptive Sendeantennen-Arrays können die Kapazität von Mobilfunknetzen mittels Mehrfachnutzung eines Kanals durch verschiedene Teilnehmer vergröβern. Dabei kann ein Sendeantennen-Array Information im Rückkanal auswerten, um Änderungen der Mehrwegeausbreitung folgen zu können. Wenn die Mobilstation sich sehr schnell bewegt, können die benötigten Datenraten im Rückkanal erheblich werden. Wir stellen eine neue Methode für die Sendekeulenformung dar, welche unter Ausnutzung der in den räumlich getrennten Kanälen vorliegenden Subspace-Struktur wesentlich niedrigere Datenraten im Rückkanal benötigt als vorherige Methoden. Wir betrachten Antennen-Arrays nur an den Basisstationen, die Mobilstation hat eine einzige omnidirektionale Antenne. Les réseaux adaptatifs d'antennes émettrices peuvent améliorer la capacité des réseaux de radio mobile en réutilisant un canal parmi plusieurs utilisateurs. Afin de réutiliser une largeur de bande, un réseau d'antennes émettrices peut exploiter l'information de feed-back en provenance des récepteurs mobiles afin de dépister les changements dans l'environement à plusieurs chemins. Quand un objet en mouvement se déplace rapidement, les taux de feed-back requis peuvent devenir significatifs. On présente une nouvelle méthode pour le formattage d'antenne émettrice qui, en exploitant la structure de sous-espace présente dans le canal spatial, requière des taux de feed-back de données bien moindres que ceux présentés dans d'autres méthodes. On considère des réseaux d'antennes seulement sur la station de base, et l'objet en mouvement avec une seule antenne omni-directionelle.
Checking for spelling and typographical errors in computer-based text (1981)

This paper addresses the problems and techniques of checking for spelling and typographical errors in computer-based text. To some extent, the paper is a combination of a report of work done by the author and a survey of other work which, although not all used by the author, is of equal value and interest. Some of the material presented is related to other aspects of text processing such as data compaction and the efficient searching of very large dictionaries.
Enhanced Electric Dipole Transition in Lanthanide Complex with Organometallic Ruthenocene Units (2015)

Enhanced luminescence of a lanthanide complex with dynamic polarization of the excited state and molecular motion is introduced. The luminescent lanthanide complex is composed of one Eu(hfa)3 (hfa, hexafluoroacetylacetonate) and two phosphine oxide ligands with ruthenocenyl units Rc, [Eu(hfa)3(RcPO)2] (RcPO = diphenylphosphorylruthenocene). The ruthenocenyl units in the phosphine oxide ligands play an important role of switching for dynamic molecular polarization and motion in liquid media. The oxidation states of the ruthenocenyl unit (Rc(1+)/Rc(1+)) are controlled by potentiostatic polarization. Eu(III) complexes attached with bidentate phosphine oxide ligands containing ruthenocenyl units, [Eu(hfa)3(RcBPO)] (RcBPO = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)ruthenocene), and with bidentate phosphine oxide ligands, [Eu(hfa)3(BIPHEPO)] (BIPHEPO =1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diylbis(diphenylphosphine oxide), were also prepared as references. The coordination structures and electrochemical properties were analyzed using single crystal X-ray analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and absorption spectroscopy measurements. The luminescence properties were estimated using an optoelectrochemical cell. Under potentiostatic polarization, a significant enhancement of luminescence was successfully observed for [Eu(hfa)3(RcPO)2], while no spectral change was observed for [Eu(hfa)3(RcBPO)]. In this study, the remarkable enhanced luminescence phenomena of Eu(III) complex based on the dynamic molecular motion under potentiostatic polarization have been performed.
Lightweight x-ray optics for future space missions (2003)

The future X-ray astrophysics space missions require very light-weight but large and precise X-ray mirrors shells. Clearly, developments of innovative techniques and approaches are necessary. We discuss the possible alternative techniques with focus on the technologies and experience available in the Czech Republic. They include light ceramics replication by plasma spraying as well as by CVD and PVD technologies, SiC, thin glass technology, improved electroforming, glossy carbon, as well as glossy metals.
Clothing similarity computation based on TLAC (2012)

Purpose To enhance the pleasure experience of clothes shopping online, finding satisfactory clothing and similar clothing recommendations to customers should be available and accurate. The purpose of this paper is to present a method for automatically computing the similarity between two apparels and giving an effective recommendation. Design/methodology/approach Based on a tabular layout of article characteristics the authors built a clothing information model to describe clothing. The clothing attributes are classified according to excavating features of the model. After the proposal of the computation algorithm for various attributes, an efficient similarity computation method is developed to obtain similar clothes with the given cloth. To prevent error and information omission during the computation, the analytic hierarchy process method and entropy method are adopted by the integrated weights as a control. Findings Clothing is a non‐rigid product which has a lot of crossover and complicated attributes and features. This paper found a tabular layout of article characteristics can explain the clothing clearly. Through experiments the authors found the weight of attributes to have a great influence on similar results during the similarity computation. Originality/value This paper presents a new way to describe clothing information, and present the algorithm for attributes computation.
New methods and reagents in organic synthesis. 44. A new general efficient synthesis of DL-(n)-gingerols and relatives through direct C-acylation using diethyl phosphorocyanidate (DEPC). (1984)

DL-[n]-Gingerols (1) and their relatives, which have various interesting physiological actions, have been conveniently and efficiently prepared from ferulic acid (2) through direct C-acylation using diethyl phosphorocyanidate (DEPC) in the presence of triethylamine.
Piezoresistance measurement on single crystal silicon nanowires (2002)

A p-type single crystal silicon nanowire bridge and a four-terminal nanowire element were fabricated by electron-beam direct writing. The piezoresistance was investigated in order to demonstrate the usefulness of these sensing elements as mechanical sensors. The longitudinal piezoresistance coefficient πl[110] was found to be 38.7×10−11 Pa−1 at a surface impurity concentration of Ns=9×1019 cm−3 for the nanowire bridge. The shear piezoresistance coefficient π44 was found to be 77.4×10−11 Pa−1 at Ns=9×1019 cm−3 for the four-terminal nanowire element. These values are 54.8% larger than the values obtained from p+ diffused piezoresistors, which are used in conventional mechanical sensors.