gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable strain gauges based on two-dimensional silver nanowire networks (2015)

Strain gauges are used in various applications such as wearable strain gauges and strain gauges in airplanes or structural health monitoring. Sensitivity of the strain gauge required varies, depending on the application of the strain gauge. This paper reports a tunable strain gauge based on a two-dimensional percolative network of silver nanowires. By varying the surface coverage of the nanowire network and the waviness of the nanowires in the network, the sensitivity of the strain gauge can be controlled. Hence, a tunable strain gauge can be engineered, based on demands of the application. A few applications are demonstrated. The strain gauge can be adhered to the human neck to detect throat movements and a glove integrated with such a strain gauge can detect the bending of the forefinger. Other classes of two-dimensional percolative networks of one-dimensional materials are also expected to exhibit similar tunable properties.
Detection and Diagnosis of Recurrent Faults in Software Systems by Invariant Analysis (2008)

A correctly functioning enterprise-software system exhibits long-term, stable correlations between many of its monitoring metrics. Some of these correlations no longer hold when there is an error in the system, potentially enabling error detection and fault diagnosis. However, existing approaches are inefficient, requiring a large number of metrics to be monitored and ignoring the relative discriminative properties of different metric correlations. In enterprise-software systems, similar faults tend to reoccur. It is therefore possible to significantly improve existing correlation-analysis approaches by learning the effects of common recurrent faults on correlations. We present methods to determine the most significant correlations to track for efficient error detection, and the correlations that contribute the most to diagnosis accuracy. We apply machine learning to identify the relevant correlations, removing the need for manually configured correlation thresholds, as used in the prior approaches. We validate our work on a multi-tier enterprise-software system. We are able to detect and correctly diagnose 8 of 10 injected faults to within three possible causes, and to within two in 7 out of 8 cases. This compares favourably with the existing approaches whose diagnosis accuracy is 3 out of 10 to within 3 possible causes. We achieve a precision of at least 95%.
Area-selective growth of ruthenium dioxide nanorods on LiNbO3(100) and Zn/Si substrates (2004)

Selective and blanket growth of ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) nanorods have been achieved in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium. Area-selective growth is demonstrated on a substrate which consists of patterned SiO2 as the non-growth surface and LiNbO3(100) or Zn/Si as the growth surface. Regardless of blanket or selective CVD, the RuO2 nanorods are grown in the [001] direction, of square cross section and 20–60 nm in diameter. The conditions for growing nanorods selectively are to deposit at 500 ± 10 °C, 2 mbar, with a deposition flux around 7.0 × 10−7 mol cm−2 h−1. Deposition outside the narrow growth temperature window results in either a patterned RuO2 thin film without nanorods or growth without clean pattern definition. The RuO2 nanorods are vertically aligned on LiNbO3(100) in blanket CVD. When RuO2 nanorods are grown selectively on a patterned LiNbO3 substrate, their vertical growth habit is altered at the boundary between the masked and the unmasked area. The orientation of nanorods shifts from vertical to random directions, meanwhile the number density of rods diminishes towards the masked area in a narrow stripe along the border. These variations are shaped by the lateral movement of depositing species which collide on the masked area.
Isolation and properties of a recombination-deficient mutant of Micrococcus radiodurans (1975)

A mutant of micrococcus radiodurans which is deficient in recombination has been isolated after treatment of the wild type with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. We have called this mutant Micrococcus radiodurans rec30. The efficiency of recombination in this mutant, as measured by transformation, is less than 0.01% that of the wild type. It is 15 times more sensitive to the lethal action of ultraviolet radiation, 120 times more sensitive to ionizing radiation, and 300 times more sensitive to mitomycin C (MMC) than the wild type. It is probably inactivated by a single MMC-induced deoxyribonucleic acid cross-link per genome. The excision of ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers is normal. There is no radiation-induced degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid. All spontaneous revertants selected for resistance to low levels of MMC had wild-type resistance to radiation and MMC, and the same efficiency of recombination as the wild type, suggesting that the recombination deficiency of the strain is due to a single mutation. Deoxyribonucleic acid from this mutant can transform M. radiodurans UV17 presumed deficient in an exr type gene to wild type.
The Sag Point of Glasses (1962)

The determination of the sag point is described. This index of the softening temperature of a glass is simply determined. The equation relating this useful index to the approximate viscosity in this temperature region is presented.
Inert-gas Clean-up in the Hot-cathode Discharge† (1961)

ABSTRACT Inert-gas clean-up in hot-cathode discharge tubes is almost invariably associated with sputtering (except in the case of helium) and, until recently, the connection between them has not been clarified. The results of the experimental investigation described in this paper show that the rate of gas clean-up depends markedly on the rate of build-up of sputtered deposits on surfaces adjacent to the discharge. The rate at which an electrode is sputtered is found to depend on the plasma density gradient in its vicinity which in turn may depend on the discharge mode. Some ways of avoiding high clean-up rates due to excessive sputtering are suggested.
Intracorporal injection of<i>hSlo</i>cDNA in rats produces physiologically relevant alterations in penile function (1998)

The Ca2+-sensitive K+ channel (maxi-K+) is an important modulator of corporal smooth muscle tone. The goal of these studies was twofold: 1) to determine the feasibility of transfecting corporal smooth muscle cells in vivo with the hSlo cDNA, which encodes for the human smooth muscle maxi-K+ channel, and 2) to determine whether transfection of the maxi-K+ channel would affect the physiological response to cavernous nerve stimulation in a rat model in vivo. Intracorporal microinjection of pCMVbeta/Lac Z DNA in 10-wk-old rats resulted in significant incorporation and expression of beta-galactosidase activity in 10 of 12 injected animals for up to 75 days postinjection. Moreover, electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve revealed that, relative to the responses obtained in age-matched control animals (N = 12), intracavernous injection of naked pcDNA/hSlo DNA was associated with a statistically significant elevation in the mean amplitude of the intracavernous pressure response at all levels of current stimulation (range 0.5-10 mA) at both 1 mo (N = 5) and 2 mo (N = 8) postinjection. Furthermore, qualitatively similar observations were made at 3 mo (N = 2) and 4 mo (N = 2) postinjection. These data indicate that naked hSlo DNA is quite easily incorporated into corporal smooth muscle and, furthermore, that expression is sustained for at least 2 mo in corporal smooth muscle cells in vivo. Finally, after expression, hSlo is capable of measurably altering nerve-stimulated penile erection. Taken together, these data provide compelling evidence for the potential utility of gene therapy in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
A Hybrid Reconfigurable Cluster-on-Chip Architecture with Message Passing Interface for Image Processing Applications (2007)

We demonstrate a hybrid reconfigurable cluster-on-chip architecture with a cross-platform Message Passing Interface (MPI), a cross-platform parallel image processing library and a sample application. We describe the system, network architecture, MPI library and the parallel image processing library implementations. We validate the performance, scalability and suitability of MPI as a software interface to enable cross-platform application parallelism on reconfigurable hybrid cluster-on-chip systems and desktop cluster systems. The presented results are promising, showing the suitability, scalability and performance of parallelisation of image processing algorithms with a cross-platform MPI implementation.
Human Interferon-γ Enhances Expression of Ganglioside GM2 on Human Lung Cancer Cells and Their Susceptibility for Antiganglioside GM2 Monoclonal Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (2001)

Interferons are known to modulate several cellular functions by the induction of various proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that human interferon-gamma (HuIFN-gamma) enhanced the expression of ganglioside GM2 (GM2), which is a kind of tumor-associated antigen substantially expressed in human lung cancer and that human lung cancer cells expressing GM2 became more susceptible to anti-GM2 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-dependent tumor cell killing mediated by human effector cells after HuIFN-gamma treatment. GM2 expression on human lung cancer cells treated with or without HuIFN-gamma was measured by flow cytometry. The antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity was assessed by 4-h 51Cr release assay. HuIFN-gamma enhanced GM2 expression on human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), SBC-3, and human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal concentration of HulIFN-gamma was 1,000 U/ml. The effect of HulFN-gamma reached maximum after 4 days of culture. HulFN-gamma did not have any effect to enhance the expression of other gangliosides in SBC-3 cells. No other cytokines used in this study modulated GM2 expression in SBC-3 cells. Anti-GM2 mAb-dependent ADCC activities induced by lymphocytes and monocytes were more potent against IFN-gamma-treated SBC-3 and A549 cells than nontreated cells. Taken together, HulFN-gamma combined with anti-GM2 mAb may be useful for immunotherapy against GM2-positive human lung cancer.
Mass Spectrometry of Oligonucleotides (2005)

Within the past decade mass spectrometry has undoubtedly consolidated its role as a major player in modern bioanalysis. Mass spectrometry of oligonucleotides is an evolving field that has not reached its culmination point yet, as many aspects of oligonucleotide dissociation in gas phase still need to be clarified. Research in our group is focused on the elucidation of the dissociation mechanisms of oligonucleotides and their analogs and on the characterization of metal–oligonucleotide complexes by tandem mass spectrometry in order to gain structural information. Here, we present the dissociation mechanism of RNA and an example for the characterization of metal–oligonucleotide complexes.
Animal protein and lysine balance in the Chilean diet. (2004)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un balance entre oferta y demanda tanto de proteina como de lisina, con el fin de establecer si existe deficit y/o superavit de cada una de estas. En primera instancia se revisaron los requerimientos nutricionales de proteina y de aminoacidos esenciales para la poblacion humana. A partir de la informacion disponible en el pais se concluyo que la disponibilidad per capita (promedio) es suficiente para la poblacion chilena. Sin embargo, para verificar si era la adecuada por estrato socio-economico, se tomaron los datos de la V Encuesta de Ingreso y Gasto realizada el ano 1997. A partir de los calculos realizados, se deduce que en el quintil I, segmento de mas bajos ingresos, no cubren satisfactoriamente sus necesidades de proteina y de lisina. El quintil II los satisface estrechamente y por esto se encuentra en estado de vulnerabilidad nutricional. Por ultimo, para cualquier individuo sano, la cantidad de proteina que ingiera debiera estar conformada en un 50% por proteina de origen animal, puesto que estas son mas digestibles y aportan en forma concentrada todos los aminoacidos esenciales y particularmente lisina.
Biological and Pharmacological Aspects of the NK1-Receptor (2015)

The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) is the main receptor for the tachykinin family of peptides. Substance P (SP) is the major mammalian ligand and the one with the highest affinity. SP is associated with multiple processes: hematopoiesis, wound healing, microvasculature permeability, neurogenic inflammation, leukocyte trafficking, and cell survival. It is also considered a mitogen, and it has been associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Tachykinins and their receptors are widely expressed in various human systems such as the nervous, cardiovascular, genitourinary, and immune system. Particularly, NK-1R is found in the nervous system and in peripheral tissues and are involved in cellular responses such as pain transmission, endocrine and paracrine secretion, vasodilation, and modulation of cell proliferation. It also acts as a neuromodulator contributing to brain homeostasis and to sensory neuronal transmission associated with depression, stress, anxiety, and emesis. NK-1R and SP are present in brain regions involved in the vomiting reflex (the nucleus tractus solitarius and the area postrema). This anatomical localization has led to the successful clinical development of antagonists against NK-1R in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The first of these antagonists, aprepitant (oral administration) and fosaprepitant (intravenous administration), are prescribed for high and moderate emesis.
Release of Vancomycin and Gentamicin from a Contact Lens Versus a Fibrin Coating Applied to a Contact Lens (2012)

Purpose.: To develop a contact lens capable of releasing antibiotics for a minimum of 8 hours for the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Methods.: Fibrin gel was loaded with vancomycin or gentamicin and then shaped into a curved disc. The disc was then used to coat the surface of a commercial contact lens or was sealed between two lenses. Separate contact lenses were soaked in solutions of vancomycin or gentamicin. The in vitro release kinetics for each system was determined using PBS at 37°C and a particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay. The bioactivity of the antibiotics released from the fibrin was confirmed by using a microbiological assay. Results.: Vancomycin and gentamicin were released at similar rates from soaked contact lenses and a coating of fibrin gel; however, the amounts of antibiotic delivered by the two systems differed considerably. The fibrin coating released over three times more gentamicin but less than one-fifth that of the lenses soaked in vancomycin. When fibrin was encapsulated between two contact lenses, significantly more controlled release was observed. For all systems, bactericidal amounts of vancomycin and gentamicin were released throughout the three-day testing period. Conclusions.: As a delivery system, fibrin gel loaded with gentamicin performs better than contact lenses soaked in gentamicin. The opposite is true for vancomycin, where soaked lenses outperform fibrin gel. These systems could potentially be used as a treatment for bacterial keratitis.
Graft polymerization of vinyl acetate onto silica (1992)

Abstract A method is reported for the surface grafting of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) onto modified, nonporous silica. The silica surface was modified by silylation with vinyl(triethoxy) silane followed by graft polymerization of vinyl acetate. The graft yield was measured by thermogravimetric analysis and the monomer conversion was monitored by UV spectral analysis. The rate of the graft polymerization and the graft yield were proportional to the initial monomer concentration. Vinyl acetate conversion followed first‐order kinetics and displayed a trend of increasing initial rate with increasing monomer concentration.
Development and Clinical Application of a Panfungal PCR Assay To Detect and Identify Fungal DNA in Tissue Specimens (2006)

Given the rise in the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and the expanding spectrum of fungal pathogens, early and accurate identification of the causative pathogen is essential. We developed a panfungal PCR assay that targets the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of the ribosomal DNA gene cluster to detect fungal DNA in fresh and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (PE) tissue specimens from patients with culture-proven (n=38) or solely histologically proven (n=24) IFIs. PCR products were sequenced and compared with sequences in the GenBank database to identify the causal pathogen. The molecular identification was correlated with results from histological examination and culture. The assay successfully detected and identified the fungal pathogen in 93.6% and 64.3% of culture-proven and solely histologically proven cases of IFI, respectively. A diverse range of fungal genera were identified, including species of Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Scedosporium, Exophiala, Exserohilum, Apophysomyces, Actinomucor, and Rhizopus. For five specimens, molecular analysis identified a pathogen closely related to that identified by culture. All PCR-negative specimens (n=10) were PE tissues in which fungal hyphae were visualized. The results support the use of the panfungal PCR assay in combination with conventional laboratory tests for accurate identification of fungi in tissue specimens.
Large-area uniform ultrahigh-<i>J</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-<i>x</i></sub>film fabricated by the metalorganic deposition method using trifluoroacetates (2001)

Ultrahigh-Jc YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films have been successfully fabricated by the metalorganic deposition method using a trifluoroacetate coating solution which is prepared by a newly developed purification technique, the solvent-into-gel (SIG) method. The prepared pure coating solution has less than 0.25% impurities and has a wide flexibility in process conditions to obtain high-Jc YBCO film. Using this feature, we have successfully formed 50 mm diameter YBCO films, which have a critical current density over 10 MA cm-2 (77 K, 0 T) on LaAlO3 single crystalline substrates.
Cathode- and Anode-Active Poly(nitroxylstyrene)s for Rechargeable Batteries:  p- and n-Type Redox Switching via Substituent Effects (2007)

Three polystyrenes bearing redox-active nitroxide radical(s) in each repeating unit, poly[4-(N-tert-butyl-N-oxylamino)styrene] (1), poly[3,5-di(N-tert-butyl-N-oxylamino)styrene] (2), and poly[4-(N-tert-butyl-N-oxylamino)-3-trifluoromethylstyrene] (3), were synthesized via free radical polymerization of protected precursor styrenic derivatives and subsequent chemical oxidation. The radicals in these polymers were robust at ambient conditions, and the polymers possessed radical densities of 2.97 × 1021, 4.27 × 1021, and 1.82 × 1021 unpaired electrons/g for 1−3, respectively, resulting in an electrode-active material with a high charge/discharge capacity. Particularly, the dinitroxide functional polymer 2 possessed the highest radical density. Cyclic voltammetry of the poly(nitroxylstyrene) 1 revealed a reversible redox at 0.74 V vs Ag/AgCl, which was assigned to the oxidation of the nitroxide radical to form the oxoammonium cation (p-type doped state). On the other hand, the poly(nitroxylstyrene) ortho-substituted with the electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl group 3 showed a reversible redox at −0.76 V, ascribed to the n-type redox pair between the nitroxide radical and the aminoxy anion. Thus, the nitroxide radical polymer could be switched from p-type material suitable for a cathode to n-type material (anode-active) via altering the electron-withdrawing character of the substituents on the poly(nitroxylstyrene). This is the first report of an n-type radical polymer and the first report of using substituent effects to switch the redox behavior of the polymer. This versatile switching ability enables these polymers to function as components of metal-free electrodes in rechargeable batteries.
A Secure Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Rubik′s Cube Principle (2012)

In the past few years, several encryption algorithms based on chaotic systems have been proposed as means to protect digital images against cryptographic attacks. These encryption algorithms typically use relatively small key spaces and thus offer limited security, especially if they are one‐dimensional. In this paper, we proposed a novel image encryption algorithm based on Rubik′s cube principle. The original image is scrambled using the principle of Rubik′s cube. Then, XOR operator is applied to rows and columns of the scrambled image using two secret keys. Finally, the experimental results and security analysis show that the proposed image encryption scheme not only can achieve good encryption and perfect hiding ability but also can resist exhaustive attack, statistical attack, and differential attack.
Ultrafast all-optical logic operations in a nonlinear Sagnac interferometer with two control beams (1991)

Ultrafast highly stable all-optical logic operations, including inversion, AND, XOR, and XOR, in a two-wavelength nonlinear Sagnac interferometer with two control beams have been reported. The interferometer consists of a dichroic polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and a 200-m-long dispersion-shifted polarization-maintaining fiber Sagnac loop. The logic operations were successfully demonstrated at multigigabit operation per second, and the required signal power was 1.8 W for a 200-m fiber.
Information access tasks and evaluation for personal lifelogs (2008)

Emerging personal lifelog (PL) collections contain permanent digital records of information associated with individuals’ daily lives. This can include materials such as emails received and sent, web content and other documents with which they have interacted, photographs, videos and music experienced passively or created, logs of phone calls and text messages, and also personal and contextual data such as location (e.g. via GPS sensors), persons and objects present (e.g. via Bluetooth) and physiological state (e.g. via biometric sensors). PLs can be collected by individuals over very extended periods, potentially running to many years. Such archives have many potential applications including helping individuals recover partial forgotten information, sharing experiences with friends or family, telling the story of one’s life, clinical applications for the memory impaired, and fundamental psychological investigations of memory. The Centre for Digital Video Processing (CDVP) at Dublin City University is currently engaged in the collection and exploration of applications of large PLs. We are collecting rich archives of daily life including textual and visual materials, and contextual context data. An important part of this work is to consider how the effectiveness of our ideas can be measured in terms of metrics and experimental design. While these studies have considerable similarity with traditional evaluation activities in areas such as information retrieval and summarization, the characteristics of PLs mean that new challenges and questions emerge. We are currently exploring the issues through a series of pilot studies and questionnaires. Our initial results indicate that there are many research questions to be explored and that the relationships between personal memory, context and content for these tasks is complex and fascinating.