gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endometriosis - Basic Concepts and Current Research Trends (2012)

This book provides an insight into the emerging trends in pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of endometriosis. Key features of the book include overviews of endometriosis; endometrial angiogenesis, stem cells involvement, immunological and hormonal aspects related to the disease pathogenesis; recent research reports on infertility, endometrial receptivity, ovarian cancer and altered gene expression associated with endometriosis; various predictive markers, and imaging modalities including MRI and ultrasound for efficient diagnosis; as well as current non-hormonal and hormonal treatment strategies This book is expected to be a valuable resource for clinicians, scientists and students who would like to have an improved understanding of endometriosis and also appreciate recent research trends associated with this disease.
Novel transcripts of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 reveal aberrant splicing and activation of cryptic splice sequences in colorectal cancer. (2000)

A nested reverse transcription-PCR analysis of FGFR3 from human colorectal carcinomas revealed novel mutant transcripts caused by aberrant splicing and activation of cryptic splice sequences. Two aberrantly spliced transcripts were detected with high frequency in 50% of 36 primary tumors and in 60% of 10 human colorectal cancer cell lines. Most transcripts used normal splice sites but skipped or included exons 8 and 9. Two mutant transcripts arose from cryptic splice donor sites in exon 7 that spliced to exon 10. The predicted translation products would exhibit frameshifts and a premature termination codon in exon 10. We propose that dysregulation of mRNA splicing frequently generates an aberrant FGFR3 transcript that may confer a selectable advantage on clones of cells in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Constraining Asymmetric Organometallic Catalysts within Mesoporous Supports Boosts Their Enantioselectivity (2003)

By constraining tethered asymmetric organometallic catalysts within the nanopores of silica supports so as to increase the interaction between the pore wall and the active center (and hence to restrict access of the reactant to the catalyst), a significant improvement in enantioselectivity is achieved. A schematic illustration of a cationic chiral, organometallic catalyst, [Rh(I)(COD)PMP] {(S)-(+)-1-(2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-pyrrolidine and cyclooctadiene}, which is noncovalently anchored via a N-H...F hydrogen bond with the triflate ion, CF3SO3-, to the curved inner surface of a 38 A diameter pore of a silica support for the asymmetric hydrogenation of the C=O bond in methyl benzoylformate to the corresponding methyl mandelate is shown. Rh (purple); N (blue); H (white); F (green); C (gray); S (yellow); O (red).
Expectativas y consumo de drogas legales (1996)

La evaluacion de las expectativas como elementos intervinientes en la conduc-ta futura ha experimentado un incremento desde el ascenso del cognitivismo. Esta variable se convierte en especialmente relevante en aquellos campos donde se pretende intervenir en los mecanismos reguladores de los resultados y consecuen-cias previsibles de una conducta determinada.
Por ello, en el presente trabajo se propone un metodo para la medicion de las expectativas de los sujetos acerca de las consecuencias del consumo de tabaco y alcohol, que constituye una version modificada del procedimiento descrito por Stacy et al. (1990). Mediante su aplicacion se estudian dichas expectativas en una muestra de 277 alumnos de 7o de EGB y se analiza la relacion de estas con diver-sas variables asociadas al consumo de drogas legales.
Los resultados indican que las expectativas asi medidas presentan una intensa relacion con el consumo de drogas, resultando un indicador util para predecir di-cho consumo, y permiten establecer conclusiones de interes para el diseno de pro-gramas de prevencion.
Palabras Clave: Tabaco, alcohol, expectativas.
Simple resonating microstructures for gas pressure measurement (2002)

The resonance characteristics of an oscillating microcantilever are modified due to the changing damping effects as the ambient air pressure varies, and the device is used as an absolute pressure sensor. Three variations of the microcantilever device were designed, fabricated, and tested for changes in resonant frequency, quality factor, amplitude of oscillation, and actuating current required to maintain the amplitude of oscillation constant as the ambient pressure was varied from 15 to 1450 Torr. The device has been analyzed and a relationship has been derived to aid in the prediction of device behavior. Values for precision comparable to commercial pressure sensors are also presented for each method of detection.
Correlated UV Through IR Signature Modeling of Targets and Backgrounds (1998)

Simulations of the performance of multi-spectral sensors or multiple sensors with data fusion require phenomenological consistency in the target and background signatures presented to the sensors. This paper describes the incorporation of ultraviolet signatures of targets and backgrounds into an engagement simulation framework. This paper emphasizes ultraviolet phenomenology and the signatures of aircraft compared to fires, lights, industrial sources and other high energy sources. In particular, variation of the sources as a function of time, wavelength and aspect angle is discussed, as these variations may be critical to the discrimination of targets from natural and man-made background sources. The organization of multiple data sets representing the same object in different spectral regions is also described for use in simulations.
Effects of <i>Helminthosporium carbonum</i> Toxin on Absorption of Solutes by Corn Roots (1973)

Susceptible corn roots exposed to the host-selective toxin of Helminthosporium carbonum took up and retained more NO(3) (-), Na(+), Cl(-), 3-o-methylglucose, and leucine than did control roots. Stimulatory effects on uptake were more pronounced with freshly cut roots than with roots that were washed and aged. Solutes were accumulated against a concentration gradient, and toxin-treated tissues developed a steeper gradient than did control tissues. Toxin affected both the low and high affinity uptake systems for Na(+) and Cl(-). Toxin did not affect uptake of Na(2) (-), K(+), Ca(2+), phosphate ion (H(2)PO(4) (-) and HPO(4) (-)), SO(4) (-), and glutamic acid. No toxin-induced leakage of any solute tested was detected within 5 to 6 hr after initial exposure to toxin. The data suggest that toxin from H. carbonum does not cause the general plasma membrane derangement caused by other host-selective toxins. Instead, H. carbonum toxin may cause specific changes in characteristics of the plasmalemma, which result in increased uptake of certain solutes.
Taxonomic and nomenclatural clarification of the onion neck rotting Botrytis species (2003)

Five species of Botrytis are recognized as being associated with neck rot of onions: three of them, B. aclada, B. byssoidea and B. allii, exclusively.Due to the difficulty of distinguishing them by morphological criteria and lack of type material associated with B. aclada and B. allii, several synonomies have been proposed.We suggest that B. aclada and B. allii are both valid names.Species may be differentiated by conidial size, but the character is subtle, variable and there is some overlap.Both the smallest spored group (B.aclada) and the largest spored group (B.byssoidea) have 16 mitotic chromosomes, while the intermediate group (B.ajl/i/) has 32.Based on significant differences in Nei's coefficient of genetic differentiation derived from universally primed PCR (UP-PCR) fingerprints it was possible to recognize distinctions among the three exclusively neck rot-associated Botrytis spp.and B. cinerea and B. squamosa.Primers, designed from a sequence characterized UP-PCR fragment were used for direct sequencing of DNA from isolates of the 16 chromosome nomengroups.Because of apparent ambiguities in the UP-PCR fragment from the 32-chromosome group, it was cloned and re-sequenced.Sequence alignment and unrooted clustering show identity with the small-spored B. aclada and the large-spored B. byssoidea for the two cloned DNA fragments from the intermediate, B. all/ii.Further, the internally transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS) amplicons of B. aclada have 2 Sphl restriction sites; those of B. allii and B. byssoidea have 1 Sphl site.The cumulative data suggest that the three groups are genetically distinct and that isolates of B. aclada and B. byssoideawere the ancestors of the polyploid B. alii.
From Complex Chains to 1D Metal Oxides:  A Novel Strategy to Cu<sub>2</sub>O Nanowires (2003)

A new strategy has been put forward that small complexes with several linear-aligned metal cations can provide precursors for the growth of metal oxide nanowires, if they can be linearly connected with each other by bridging anions with rodlike micelles confined. As an example, Cu2O monocrystalline nanowires were prepared via a novel complex-precursor surfactant-assisted (CPSA) route, in which linear alignment of copper cations in Cu3(dmg)2Cl4 as precursors provided orientation for the growth of Cu2O nanowires while rodlike SDS micelles drove the linear units of Cu3(dmg)2Cl4 to connect with each other by Cl anions to form [Cu3(dmg)2Cl2]n2n+ and confined the diameter of nanowires. The infrared absorption spectra and laser light scattering show our strategy is reasonable and successful. The band gap of Cu2O nanowires was determined to 2.34 eV by UV−vis absorption spectrum, showing its promising application for the reversible conversion between solar energy and electrical or chemical energy. This method can be easily controlled and is expected to extend to fabricate other metal oxide or chalcogenide 1D nanomaterials.
Beyond Prefix-Based Interactive Translation Prediction (2016)

Current automatic machine translation systems require heavy human proofreading to produce high-quality translations. We present a new interactive machine translation approach aimed at providing a natural collaboration between humans and translation systems. As such, we grant the user complete freedom to validate and correct any part of the translations suggested by the system. Our approach is then designed according to the requirements placed by this unrestricted proofreading protocol. In particular, the ability of the system to suggest new translations coherent with the set of potentially disjoint translation segments validated by the user.
A rectified A-C electric system for aircraft (1949)

The use of electricity as a service component of aircraft has progressed to a degree which taxes the available generator drive capacity on main engines, a deficiency which has resulted in material improvements in generator design. To provide adequate generator capacity on one recently developed airplane, it was necessary to use a relatively unconventional system employing main-engine-driven low-voltage alternators and selenium rectifiers.
Specific effects of BCL10 Serine mutations on phosphorylations in canonical and noncanonical pathways of NF-κB activation following carrageenan (2011)

To determine the impact of B cell leukemia/lymphoma (BCL) 10 on the phosphorylation of crucial mediators in NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways, human colonic epithelial cells were exposed to carrageenan (CGN), a sulfated polysaccharide commonly used as a food additive and known to induce NF-κB nuclear translocation by both canonical and noncanonical pathways. Phosphorylations of intermediates in inflammatory cascades, including NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) at Thr(559), transforming growth factor-β-activating kinase (TAK) 1 at Thr(184), Thr(187), and Ser(192), and inhibitory factor κBα (IκBα) at Ser(32), were examined following mutation of BCL10 at Ser(138) and at Ser(218). Specific phosphoantibodies were used for detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblot, and confocal microscopy of differences in phosphorylation following transfection by mutated BCL10. Both mutations demonstrated dominant-negative effects, with inhibition of phospho(Ser(32))-IκBα to less than control levels. Both of the BCL10 mutations reduced the CGN-induced increases in nuclear RelA and p50, but only the Ser(138) mutation inhibited the CGN-induced increases in nuclear RelB and p52 and in NIK Thr(559) phosphorylation. Hence, the phosphorylation of BCL10 Ser(138), but not Ser(218), emerged as a critical event in activation of the noncanonical pathway of NF-κB activation. Either BCL10 Ser(138) or Ser(218) mutation inhibited the phosphorylation of TAK1 at Thr(184) and at Thr(187), but not at Ser(192). These findings indicate that BCL10 phosphorylations act upstream of phosphorylations of NIK, TAK1, and IκBα and differentially affect the canonical and noncanonical pathways of NF-κB activation.
A reactive flow model for a monomolecular high explosive (1988)

The thermodynamics of a reacting fluid element is discussed in a context appropriate to a hydrodynamic computer code. This is followed by a treatment of reaction initiation and reaction growth with reference to global reaction rates measured by reactive flow Lagrange analysis. The reactant and product gases are represented in the equation of state of the fluid element as two unmixed phases. The parameters in a common phenomenological representation of the global reaction rate are fit to the measured rate, and fine tuned by iterative code calculations of measured flow variables. We discuss changes in the form of the rate equation which would improve the agreement with experiment.
Nanomaterials for osteoporosis treatment (2005)

In osteoporosis research, there are several major barriers that exist for the use of any pharmaceutical agents to stimulate new bone formation. Because of these limitations that even the best strategies to sufficiently increase bone mass (although, to date, still unproven) require at least one year to see any change; a time period not acceptable especially for the elderly. For these reasons, in this study we used nanotechnology (or the design of materials with 10/sup -9/ m dimensions) to develop novel drug-carrying systems that will specifically attach to osteoporotic (not healthy) bone. Moreover, some of these novel drug carrying systems will then distribute pharmaceutical agents locally to quickly increase bone mass. Efforts will focus on the prolonged release of bioactive agents (bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)) to efficiently regenerate enough bone for the patient to return to a normal active lifestyle. Particularly, inorganic biodegradable nanomaterials (including ceramics like hydroxyapatite or HA) will be functionalized with bioactive chemicals. Such bioactive groups will be placed on the outer surface of the nanoparticle systems using various techniques. The outer coating of the embedded nanoparticle systems will also be created to have different biodegradation rates for the controlled release of embedded bioactive agents to the target site.
Self-referencing optrode technology for non-invasive real-time measurement of biophysical flux and physiological sensing (2009)

Vibrating probe technology has enabled scientific investigations that have expanded our knowledge of form and function in biology, but the emergence of new fields of cytomics and physiomics will require new technologies to probe the functional realm of living cells. In this paper, we present the development of a self-referencing optrode, which represents the next generation of biophysical flux sensors based on phase-sensitive detection for cell and tissue physiology. One key advantage is that optical approaches do not suffer from the inherent electrical artifacts which limit the performance of traditional vibrating, or self-referencing probe technology. In self-referencing modality, the optrode is oscillated (0.1 Hz) between two points a few microns apart in a concentration gradient, converting the optrodic oxygen concentration sensor into a dynamic flux sensor, based on Fick's law. Because of the inherent noise and drift filtering associated with phase-sensitive detection it is now possible to measure pico-molar flux levels using a micro-optrode. In this paper, we show the calibration, characterization and application of the self-referencing oxygen optrode for measuring biophysical oxygen flux.
The Decline and Fall of the American Empire? - R. Gilpin: The Political Economy of International Relations, Princeton University Press, Princeton and Guildford, 1987, xvi and 449 pp., £28.20. - S. Hoffman: Janus and Minerva: Essays in the Theory and Practice of International Politics, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado and London, 1987, xiv and 457 pp. (1988)

The Decline and Fall of the American Empire? - R. Gilpin: The Political Economy of International Relations, Princeton University Press, Princeton and Guildford, 1987, xvi and 449 pp., £28.20. - S. Hoffman: Janus and Minerva: Essays in the Theory and Practice of International Politics, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado and London, 1987, xiv and 457 pp. - Volume 23 Issue 2
Integration of shape from X modules: combining stereo and shading (2002)

Stereo algorithms suffer from the lack of local surface texture due to smoothness of depth constraint or local mismatches in disparity estimates. The stereo methods only provide a coarse depth map which can be associated with a low pass image of the depth map. Shape from shading algorithms produce better estimates of local surface areas, but some have problems with variable albedo and spherical surfaces. Thus, shape from shading methods produce better detailed depth information, and can be associated with the high pass image of the depth map image. In order to compute a better depth map, a method is presented for integrating the high-frequency information from the shape from shading and the low frequency information from stereo.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of Expression-Ready Constructs for Generation of Proteomic Libraries (2011)

We describe a method for high-throughput production of protein expression-ready clones. Open-reading frames (ORFs) are amplified by PCR from sequence-verified cDNA clones and subcloned into an appropriate loxP-containing donor vector. Each ORF is represented by two types of clones, one containing the native stop codon for expression of the native protein or amino-terminal fusion constructs and the other made without the stop codon to allow for carboxy-terminal fusion constructs. The expression-ready clone is sequenced to verify that no PCR errors have been introduced. We have made over 11,000 clones ranging in size from 78-6,699 bp with a median of 1,056 bp. This is the largest set of fully sequence-verified-"movable ORFs" of any model organism genome project. The donor clone facilitates rapid and simple transfer of the ORF into any expression vector of choice. Vectors are available for expressing these ORFs in bacteria, cell lines, or transgenic animals. The flexibility of this ORF clone collection makes possible a variety of proteomic applications, including protein interaction mapping, high-throughput cell-based expression screens, and functional studies. We have transferred 5,800 ORFs to a vector that allows production of a FLAG-HA tagged protein in Drosophila tissue culture cells with a metallothionein-inducible promoter. These clones are being used to produce a protein complex map of Drosophila from Schneider cells.
Gap between Urban and Rural Economic Development in Less Developed Areas — A Case of Northern Jiangsu Area, China (2010)

Taking northern Jiangsu area as an example, economic disparity between urban and rural areas is described according to the data in 2000-2009 Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook. Result shows that there are significant differences in the rural and urban economic development in less developed areas, which are mainly reflected in the differences in per capita income, living standard, and Engel coefficient. Reasons for urban and rural economic disparity in less developed areas are analyzed. The asymmetry and immobility of rural and urban resources have objectively caused the income gap between urban and rural residents; urban industrial development, which is faster than agricultural development, has widened the income gap between urban and rural residents; and the differences in comparative labor productivity in rural and urban areas have enlarged their income gap. Countermeasures to minimize the urban and rural economic development gap are put forward, such as deepening the reform, realizing the free flow of economic resources between urban and rural areas, developing rural areas through urban development, exerting the function of urban areas in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, paying attention to the agriculture and rural areas, and improving the comparative labor productivity of agriculture.
Mr 42,000 ARIA: A Protein That May Regulate the Accumulation of Acetylcholine Receptors at Developing Chick Neuromuscular Junctions (1990)

At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), as at other chemical synapses, the number and distribution of neurotransmitter receptors are critical factors determining the response to presynaptic stimulation. A cardinal event in the formation of the NMJ is the accumulation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in the muscle membrane opposed to the nerve terminal. At the mature junction, receptors are packed in the postsynaptic membrane at a density in excess of 10,000μm2. The localization is striking in that more than 70÷ of the receptors are restricted to the endplate, a region that comprises less than 0.1÷ of the muscle-surface membrane. In this paper, we review our work directed at elucidating the structure, function, and biological role of a protein purified from chick brain on the basis of its ability to increase the rate of insertion of AChRs into the surface membrane of cultured chick myotubes. This protein, which we designate an ARIA for...
Student Portfolios: A Comprehensive Approach to Academic Advisement (1994)

Student portfolios provide academic advisors and students an excellent vehicle for assessment and decision making. Portfolios have been successful in other educational realms and are readily adaptable to advising relationships. By setting goals, developing strategies, monitoring progress, and sharing ownership, students and advisors develop a holistic approach to assessment that is mutually beneficial. Advisement portfolios contain a wide array of work and information, with each partfolio tailored to an individual student.
A Method of Data Management in a Simulator Used for Large Reservoir Models (1983)

ABSTRACT A software package has been developed to manage the transfer of data arrays back and forth between central memory and temporary disk storage. It was designed for and installed in a reservoir simulation program to provide the capability of simulating models containing in excess of 30,000 gridblocks. The simulator runs on both IBM and CRAY systems. Simulator routines with array arguments are called via the disking package, which first ensures that needed arrays are in memory. If all arguments do not fit in memory, the package calls the routine repeatedly, each time with a different range of array elements until the full array range has been covered. Often, arrays to be brought into memory do not fit into the randomly distributed existing empty memory spaces, even though the total empty space is sufficient. An efficient algorithm has been developed to handle this problem with a minimum amount of shuffling of existing memory contents.