gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of Quinolinate Synthase from <i>Pyrococcus horikoshii</i> in the Presence of Its Product, Quinolinic Acid (2016)

Quinolinic acid (QA) is a common intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) and its derivatives in all organisms that synthesize the molecule de novo. In most prokaryotes, it is formed from the condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and aspartate-enamine by the action of quinolinate synthase (NadA). NadA contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster cofactor with a unique, non-cysteinyl-ligated, iron ion (Fea), which is proposed to bind the hydroxyl group of a postulated intermediate in the last step of the reaction to facilitate a dehydration. However, direct evidence for this role in catalysis has yet to be provided. Herein, we present the structure of NadA in the presence of the product of its reaction, QA. We find that N1 and the C7 carboxylate group of QA ligate to Fea in a bidentate fashion, which is confirmed by Hyperfine Sublevel Correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy. This binding mode would place the C5 hydroxyl group of the postulated final intermediate distal to Fea and virtually incapable of coordinating to it. The structure shows that three strictly conserved amino acids, Glu198, Tyr109, and Tyr23, are in close proximity to the bound product. Substitution of these amino acids with Gln, Phe, and Phe, respectively, leads to complete loss of activity.
1112 Estimation of self-heating quantity and temperature distribution in ultrasonic fatigue test specimen (2010)

An ultrasonic fatigue test is an effective measure to obtain very high cycle fatigue lives, but it contains some problems due to its high test frequency. One of problems is self-heating of test pieces which hinders accurate fatigue data collection. In this study, an attempt was made to measure the amount of self-heating in the ultrasonic fatigue test specimen and to estimate the temperature distributions by FE analysis. Though the proposed method required coefficient of heat transfer which can be obtained by the combination between FE analysis and simple experiments, it showed good estimation of the specimen surface temperature in steady state. The method also made it possible to estimate the upper limit condition to perform the ultrasonic fatigue test without self-heating.
Floating with form: Matisse's cut-outs at the Tate (2014)

It is March 2014 and I am visiting Saint Petersburg for the first time. At the Hermitage Museum I expect to be overwhelmed by the magnitude of history, the fleshy presence of Titian, the cold undulating forms of Michelangelo, the echoing solitude of Rembrandt. Instead, I am floored by Matisse: The Red Room (1908); The Dance (1909-10); Painter's Family (1911); Arab Coffee House (1913). I rotate in buoyant rapture from my fixed point in a room full of his classic paintings, awed by the relationships of colours, the shapes that bounce against each other regardless of their iconic reference. I ponder on the non-mimetic form of his figures and objects and their relation to the edges of the canvas, on his use of pattern and what I know about his quest to have a painting break the boundaries of its frame.
Distributed Denial of Service: Trin00, Tribe Flood Network, Tribe Flood Network 2000, and Stacheldraht CIAC-2319 (2000)

One type of attack on computer systems is known as a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. A Denial of Service attack is designed to prevent legitimate users from using a system. Traditional Denial of Service attacks are done by exploiting a buffer overflow, exhausting system resources, or exploiting a system bug that results in a system that is no longer functional. In the summer of 1999, a new breed of attack has been developed called Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. Several educational and high capacity commercial sites have been affected by these Distributed Denial of Service attacks. A Distributed Denial of Service attack uses multiple machines operating in concert to attack a network or site. There is very little that can be done if you are the target of a DDoS. The nature of these attacks cause so much extra network traffic that it is difficult for legitimate traffic to reach your site while blocking the forged attacking
Continuous-time DSPs, analog/digital computers and other mixed-domain circuits (2005)

This paper reviews our recent research, involving circuits and systems which mix domains traditionally kept separate. Several examples are given, including continuous-time digital signal processors and mixed analog/digital computers. It is argued that by mixing domains one can have advantages which would not otherwise be possible.
Detection of Reactive Metabolites of Oxygen and Nitrogen (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Detection and Quantification of O2•– Detection and Quantification of H2O2 Quantification of NO• and its Oxidized Metabolites Conclusions References
Integrated Power Quality Monitoring Systems in smart distribution grids (2012)

The smart distribution grids will have to supply the electricity according to power quality standards. Various measurement instruments, currently considered as cornerstones of smart grids (smart meters, protection relays, fault recorders etc.), do not measure all the power quality parameters specified in these standards. Some distribution system operators are already installing Power Quality Monitoring Systems (PQMS), based on fixed power quality monitors. The aim of this paper is to present the possibility of integrating power quality data from PQMS system, AMR/AMI (Automatic Meter Reading/Advanced Metering Infrastructure) system and all the other systems in the distribution network, into an Integrated Power Quality Monitoring System (IPQMS). The results of pilot projects conducted in the Public Electric Utility Elektroprivreda of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in order to test the three power quality monitoring systems, are also presented. The possibility of using data from smart meters in power quality monitoring was analysed.
Control of hepatitis B virus at the level of transcription (2010)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is tightly controlled by a number of noncytotoxic mechanisms. This control occurs within the host hepatocyte at different steps of the HBV replication cycle. HBV persists by establishing a nuclear minichromosome, HBV cccDNA, serving as a transcription template for the viral pregenome and viral mRNAs. Nucleoside/nucleotide analogues widely used for antiviral therapy as well as most antiviral cytokines act at steps after transcription of HBV RNAs and thus can control virus replication but do not directly affect its gene expression. Control of HBV at the level of transcription in contrast is able to restrict both, HBV replication and gene expression. In the review, we focus on how HBV is controlled at the level of transcription. We discuss how the composition of transcription factors determines HBV gene expression and replication and how this may be influenced by antivirally active substances, e.g. the cytokine IL-6 or helioxanthin analogues, or by the differentiation state of the hepatocyte.
Shock- Absorber Characteristics (1928)

<div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>A</b>N effort is made to determine the essentials of an ideal shock-absorber and to describe the types that approach or depart from this ideal. Mathematical analysis is not used, but judgment is based on the experience of the author with various types. The requirements of a satisfactory shock-absorber are defined and the methods used by the author in culling out certain shock-absorbers that fail to meet these requirements are outlined.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">By means of a machine based on the principle, of a steam-engine indicator, the energy required to move a shock-absorber throughout its cycle at varying speeds is measured and charts are obtained. When these charts are compared with a characteristic shape of diagram of a shock-absorber found from repeated trials on the road to give the most satisfactory riding, the merits or shortcomings of any other shock-absorber can be deduced from the difference in shape.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The limits of most shock-absorbers are said to revert fundamentally to a single characteristic termed “range,” which is the ability to control a car satisfactorily at high speed on relatively rough roads without interfering with the 20-m.p.h. boulevard-riding that has become so troublesome since the introduction of balloon tires and the attendant changes in spring-suspension.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The various outstanding examples of shock-absorber at present available are classified, roughly described, and their characteristics analyzed. The conclusion reached is that it should be possible to produce a two-way mechanical shock-absorber at a reasonable cost that will give the desired degree of satisfaction, be adaptable to both light and heavy cars, and meet the demands of present-day driving.</div>
Recording Mechanism of High-Density Write-Once Disks Using Inorganic Recording Material (2004)

We realized an inorganic write-once disk using a Bi-Ge nitride alloy recording layer for an optical recording system for the Blu-ray disc format. We developed a recording system, which is composed of two types of metal nitride as a recording material. One metal nitride is decomposed easily by the heat of the laser beam during recording. The other metal nitride is not decomposed at that temperature. The recording signal modulation depends mainly on the reflectivity change of the recording layer caused by the decomposition of nitride. The non-decomposing nitride controlled the reaction and prevented deformation of the layer. Thus we could obtain a well-formed minute mark. We confirmed the reliability of our hypothesis on the recording mechanism by using another material, which is composed of Sn-N and Ti-N. By this method, we confirmed that this recording mechanism can be widely applied to any inorganic recording material.
Biomedicals from Bone (2008)

SUN4Patients is an observational study for the monitoring of patients with first ever acute stroke. For the support of this study, an online platform has been developed which facilitates the collection of various information related to hospital discharge, health services utilization and loss of productivity of the patients. This paper presents the main characteristics of the platform and the methodology followed for its design and implementation.
Recherches sur l'obtention, la séparation et la purification du tantale et du niobium, notamment par voie électrolytique. IV. Essais de séparation électrolytique du niobium et du tantale (1963)

Abstract The electrolytic separation of Ta and Nb from cryolitic solutions of their respective pentoxides gives, under specified conditions, a yield of 90% of the initial Nb with a purity better than 98%.
<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. Methanolic Extract Inhibits Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Mouse Model of Asthma (2011)

The pepper fruit of Capsicum annuum L. is used as a food, spice, and topical medicine. Here, we investigated the effect of a methanolic C. annuum L. extract (CAE) in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation. Animals were treated with CAE by oral gavage before ovalbumin challenge. After ovalbumin challenge, airway responsiveness to methacholine, influx of inflammatory cells into the lung, cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity in lungs, and lung histopathology were assessed. Oral treatment with CAE significantly reduced the pathophysiological signs of allergic airway disease, including increased inflammatory cell recruitment to the airways, airway hyperresponsiveness, and increased levels of T-helper type 2 cytokines. Reactive oxygen species were also decreased in cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, we found that administration of CAE attenuated ovalbumin-induced increases in NF-κB activity in lungs. Collectively, these results suggest that CAE may be an effective oral treatment for allergic airway inflammation by virtue of its antioxidant activity.
Regularity—integral domains (2010)

The theory of generalized inverses of real or complex matrices has been expertly developed and documented. But the generalized inverses of matrices over rings have received comprehensive treatment only recently. In this book, the author, who contributed to the research and development of the theory, explains his results. The subject of generalized inverses of matrices over rings has now reached a state suitable for a comprehensive treatment - this book provides just that, for mathematicians, algebraists and control theorists.
Monitoring Delamination Progression in Thermal Barrier Coatings by Mid‐Infrared Reflectance Imaging (2006)

Mid‐infrared (MIR) reflectance imaging is shown to be a reliable diagnostic tool for monitoring delamination progression in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). MIR reflectance imaging utilizes the maximum transparency of TBCs in the 3–6 μm wavelength region to probe below‐surface delamination crack propagation that is typically hidden from visible wavelength inspection. The image contrast that identifies delamination progression arises from the increased reflectance produced by a large component of total internal reflection at the TBC/buried‐crack interface. Imaging was performed at a wavelength of 4 μm to take advantage of the relatively high transmittance of plasma‐sprayed 8 wt% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) TBCs along with a desirable relative insensitivity to potentially interfering absorptions by atmospheric constituents at that wavelength. A key advantage of MIR reflectance imaging over competing techniques is that it is sensitive to delamination progression even at very early stages before delamination cracks start linking together; therefore, TBC health assessment can be achieved throughout the life of the TBC well before TBC failure is imminent. Examples are presented to demonstrate monitoring delamination progression by MIR reflectance imaging in 8YSZ TBC‐coated specimens subjected to furnace cycling to 1163°C. The experimental results were in good agreement with reflectance values predicted by a four‐flux Kulbelka–Munk approximation applied to the extreme cases of a completely adherent and a completely detached TBC. Practical considerations, including potential interfering effects from surface contamination, sintering, and erosion are discussed.
The spleen contributes to stroke‐induced neurodegeneration (2008)

Stroke, a cerebrovascular injury, is the leading cause of disability and third leading cause of death in the world. Recent reports indicate that inhibiting the inflammatory response to stroke enhances neurosurvival and limits expansion of the infarction. The immune response that is initiated in the spleen has been linked to the systemic inflammatory response to stroke, contributing to neurodegeneration. Here we show that removal of the spleen significantly reduces neurodegeneration after ischemic insult. Rats splenectomized 2 weeks before permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion had a >80% decrease in infarction volume in the brain compared with those rats that were subjected to the stroke surgery alone. Splenectomy also resulted in decreased numbers of activated microglia, macrophages, and neutrophils present in the brain tissue. Our results demonstrate that the peripheral immune response as mediated by the spleen is a major contributor to the inflammation that enhances neurodegeneration after stroke.
KSHV Manipulates Notch Signaling by DLL4 and JAG1 to Alter Cell Cycle Genes in Lymphatic Endothelia (2009)

Increased expression of Notch signaling pathway components is observed in Kaposi sarcoma (KS) but the mechanism underlying the manipulation of the canonical Notch pathway by the causative agent of KS, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), has not been fully elucidated. Here, we describe the mechanism through which KSHV directly modulates the expression of the Notch ligands JAG1 and DLL4 in lymphatic endothelial cells. Expression of KSHV-encoded vFLIP induces JAG1 through an NFkappaB-dependent mechanism, while vGPCR upregulates DLL4 through a mechanism dependent on ERK. Both vFLIP and vGPCR instigate functional Notch signalling through NOTCH4. Gene expression profiling showed that JAG1- or DLL4-stimulated signaling results in the suppression of genes associated with the cell cycle in adjacent lymphatic endothelial cells, indicating a role for Notch signaling in inducing cellular quiescence in these cells. Upregulation of JAG1 and DLL4 by KSHV could therefore alter the expression of cell cycle components in neighbouring uninfected cells during latent and lytic phases of viral infection, influencing cellular quiescence and plasticity. In addition, differences in signaling potency between these ligands suggest a possible complementary role for JAG1 and DLL4 in the context of KS.
Modification of Electronic Properties of Mo<sub>2</sub>C Catalyst by Potassium Doping:  Impact on the Reactivity in Hydrodenitrogenation Reaction of Indole (2004)

The effect of potassium doping on electronic surface properties of molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) was investigated by species-resolved thermal alkali desorption techniques, work-function measurements, and density-functional theory calculations. The activation energies for desorption of K and K+ were determined and used for work-function assessment via the Schottky cycle. The results were compared with the parallel contact potential difference measurements, and a variation of the Fermi level upon doping was rationalized in terms of the potassium coverage and surface dipole moment. The tight correlation between the work-function changes and the rate constant of indole hydrodenitrogenation was observed and discussed in terms of electrophobic promotion.
Fatty Acid Composition of the Oil of Developing Seeds of Different Varieties of Safflower<sup>1</sup> (1968)

The seed weight of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) increased most rapidly during the first 15 days after flowering, and reached maximum dry weight in about 28 days. On a weight basis, oil content increased 5‐ to 10‐fold in the period 10 to 15 days after flowering. Expression of control by the genes governing differences in fatty acid composition began about l0 days after flowering.
Selection of DNA Aptamers for Ovarian Cancer Biomarker CA125 Using One-Pot SELEX and High-Throughput Sequencing (2017)

CA125 is a mucin glycoprotein whose concentration in serum correlates with a woman's risk of developing ovarian cancer and also indicates response to therapy in diagnosed patients. Accurate detection of this large, complex protein in patient samples is of great clinical relevance. We suggest that powerful new diagnostic tools may be enabled by the development of nucleic acid aptamers with affinity for CA125. Here, we report on our use of One-Pot SELEX to isolate single-stranded DNA aptamers with affinity for CA125, followed by high-throughput sequencing of the selected oligonucleotides. This data-rich approach, combined with bioinformatics tools, enabled the entire selection process to be characterized. Using fluorescence anisotropy and affinity probe capillary electrophoresis, the binding affinities of four aptamer candidates were evaluated. Two aptamers, CA125_1 and CA125_12, both without primers, were found to bind to clinically relevant concentrations of the protein target. Binding was differently influenced by the presence of Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions, being required for binding of CA125_1 and abrogating binding of CA125_12. In conclusion, One-Pot SELEX was found to be a promising selection method that yielded DNA aptamers to a clinically important protein target.
Selectivity estimation in the presence of alphanumeric correlations (2002)

Query optimization is an integral part of relational database management systems. One important task in query optimization is selectivity estimation, that is, given a query P, one needs to estimate the fraction of records in the database that satisfy P. Almost all previous work dealt with the estimation of numeric selectivity, i.e., the query contains only numeric variables. The general problem of estimating alphanumeric selectivity is much more difficult and has attracted attention only very recently, and the focus has been on the special case when only one column is involved. The authors consider the more general case when there are two correlated alphanumeric columns. They develop efficient algorithms to build storage structures that can fit in a database catalog. Results from extensive experiments to test the algorithms, on the basis of error analysis and space requirements, are given to guide DBMS implementors.
Type beta transforming growth factors and activins in differentiating embryonal carcinoma cells, embryonic stem cells and early embryonic development (1993)

TGF beta was originally identified on the basis of its ability to induce phenotypic transformation of non-transformed target cells while activin was discovered as a gonadal protein. They later turned out to be related and both to have possibly crucial roles in the regulation of embryonic development. Here we review the circumstantial and direct evidence for this in the context of our own studies on their expression in and effects on murine EC and ES cells and mouse embryos. Their possible interaction in development is discussed.
Effects of ligation and morphine on electric and motor activity of dog duodenum (1965)

Electric activities and intraluminal pressures were simultaneously recorded from the duodenum of unanesthetized dogs. The effects of ligation and morphine were examined. The temporal relation of spike potentials to the basic electric rhythm (BER) was not altered by ligation or morphine. The BER below the ligature was decreased by extending the distal portion of the electrical complex. The propagation of the BER was also disturbed to generate a pattern suggestive of multiple foci activity. The morphine-enhanced motor activity bore a 1:1 ratio with the altered BER. The maintenance of this ratio is taken as evidence that the BER governs the conditions for discharge of spike potentials which determine duodenal contractions. Spike potentials indicate smooth muscle activity, the number and duration determining the magnitude of contractions. The data advance the concept that duodenal rhythmic changes in pressure (type 1 contractions) do not migrate and are concerned with rhythmic segmentation rather than caudal propulsion.
Detection of Clustered Gastrointestinal Contractions in Partial Intestinal Obstruction by Surface Vibration Analysis (1989)

Gastrointestinal contraction "clusters" with alternating quiescence occur in partial intestinal obstruction and are conventionally detected by intraluminal manometry. Surface Vibration Analysis (SVA), which is a noninvasive test, was evaluated in this study in experimental and clinical situations. In the experimental situation, former SVA was assessed against simultaneous manometry in two volunteers, in whom partial obstruction had been induced by intrajejunal balloon distension. Manometry showed typical contraction "clusters" with alternating quiescence, each of two to four minutes duration, in obstructed jejunum proximal to the balloon. The distal jejunum was inhibited. SVA showed a pattern of hyperactivity and quiescence corresponding to proximal jejunal activity. In the clinical situation, SVA recordings taken after a standard meal in nine patients with suspected chronic obstruction adhesive obstruction, (subsequently proven in seven patients and disproved in two), and 36 volunteers were compared. All patients with proved obstruction showed an SVA pattern of alternating hyperactivity and quiescence. This pattern was not observed in volunteers or nonobstructed patients.