gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal dialysis catheters: a comparison between percutaneous and conventional surgical placement techniques (1993)

Percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) placement is a well-tolerated, rapidly performed side-room procedure that allows the rapid initiation of dialysis without the delay imposed in co-ordinating a surgeon, theatre time, and theatre staff. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcome of 230 PDC inserted over a 30-month period. Fifty were placed percutaneously (group P) and 180 were placed using conventional surgical techniques, 107 in patients commencing CAPD (group A) and 73 in patients commencing CAPD (group A) and 73 in patients previously established on CAPD (group B). Total experience accumulated was 2563 patient months: 270 patient months group P, 1381 patient months group A, 912 patient months group B. Percutaneous PDC insertion was non-elective, and reserved for patients unfit for general anaesthesia or haemodialysis. Group P patients were older (P < 0.001) and had increased early mortality (P < 0.005) due to underlying pathology. Death and early mechanical failure contributed to a shorter mean duration of catheter use in group P (9.0 +/- 2.3 months compared to 15.3 +/- 9.6 months group A and 17.3 +/- 9.7 group B) (P < 0.05). The peritonitis rate was similar in group P (1 per 6.75 patient months) and group B (1 per 7.4 patient months) but significantly lower in group A (1 per 15.7 patient months) (P < 0.01). We conclude that percutaneous PDC placement provides a safe, reliable access for peritoneal dialysis and is especially suitable for ill patients who would not tolerate general anaesthesia.
Image Reversal Of Positive Photoresist A New Tool For Advancing Integrated Circuit Fabrication (1985)

In the struggle to attain denser and higher speed devices through reducing feature sizes companies are facing thresholds beyond which conventional photolithography cannot transcend. Enormous financial commitments have been made by semiconductor device fabricators in their drive to produce devices centered on 1.5μ design rules. The purchase of ever more sophisticated alignment and peripheral processing equipment, costly photoresist changes, and massive investments in engineering has enabled many companies to participate in this race. This compulsory buying of next year's model will not necessarily bring companies through the difficult technological times ahead!
Interfacial superconductivity in bilayer and multilayer IV–VI semiconductor heterostructures (2008)

A comprehensive investigation and comparison of the superconducting properties of bilayer and multilayer epitaxial heterostructures of IV–VI semiconductors exhibiting superconductivity at critical temperatures Tc⩽6.5K is carried out. The superconductivity of these systems is due to inversion of the bands in the narrow-gap semiconductors on account of the nonuniform stresses created by the grids of misfit dislocations arising at the interfaces during the epitaxial growth. It is found that Tc and the character of the superconducting transition of bilayer PbTe∕PbS heterostructures depend on the thickness d of the semiconductor layers and are directly related to the quality of the grids of misfit dislocations at the interfaces (the number and type of structural defects in the grids). Substantial differences in the behavior of bilayer sandwiches and superlattices are found. The minimum thickness d at which superconductivity appears is several times larger for bilayer than for multilayer systems. The upper critical magnetic fields Hc2 of the bilayer systems are more anisotropic. For superlattices 3D behavior is observed in the temperature region close to Tc, and with decreasing temperature a 3D–2D crossover occurs. For the bilayer structures 2D behavior starts immediately from Tc, and a 2D–1D crossover is observed, with the sharp divergence of Hc2 that is characteristic of superconducting nets.
SH2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase Syp is a target of p210bcr-abl tyrosine kinase. (1994)

The phosphorylation of proteins at tyrosine residues is critical in cellular signal transduction and neoplastic transformation. These mechanisms are regulated by the activities of both protein-tyrosine kinases and protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Recent studies have identified a novel protein-tyrosine phosphatase, termed Syp, that is widely expressed in various tissues. Syp encodes a cytoplasmic phosphatase that contains two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. Since SH2 domains have been shown to target the association of signal-transducing molecules to activated tyrosine kinases, experiments were performed to determine whether Syp might form specific complexes with p210bcr-abl, a fusion protein believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia and, thus, possibly alter or mediate p210bcr-abl tyrosine kinase activity. We found that Syp was highly and constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated in three different murine cell lines transfected with a p210bcr-abl expression vector. Furthermore, p210bcr-abl, Syp, and Grb2 formed stable complexes in BCR-ABL-expressing cells. Complex formation between p210bcr-abl and Syp was mediated in vitro by the NH2-terminal SH2 domain of Syp. Last, p210bcr-abl tyrosine kinase was effectively dephosphorylated by Syp in vitro. These results suggest an interaction between Syp and BCR-ABL protein, which might play a role in cellular transformation of BCR-ABL.
CVD polycrystalline diamond high-Q micromechanical resonators (2003)

Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) polycrystalline diamond material, with an acoustic velocity higher than that of polycrystalline silicon, has been utilized as the structural material for clamped-clamped beam (CC-beam) micromechanical resonators with measured resonance frequencies from 2.7 MHz to 9.8 MHz, and Q's up to 6,225-easily on par with that of previous polysilicon resonators in this frequency range. In addition to CC-beams, CVD polydiamond folded-beam /spl mu/mechanical resonators are also demonstrated with Q's in the range of 20,000. With its higher acoustic velocity, polydiamond has great potential for more easily achieving the coveted UHF frequencies (0.3-3 GHz) required for use in wireless communication transceivers.
Development, Technical Performance, and Clinical Evaluation of a NucliSens Basic Kit Application for Detection of Enterovirus RNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid (2005)

The combination of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and electrochemiluminescence detection was used to develop an internally controlled, highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of enterovirus (EV) RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The analytical performance of the assay was determined using both in vitro-transcribed EV RNAs and viral culture isolates. The sensitivity of the assay was 10 EV RNA copies per amplification reaction. The assay detected all enteroviral isolates tested with no cross-reactivity to 21 nonenteroviral species, including rhinovirus and parechovirus. The clinical performance of the assay was evaluated by testing 992 CSF specimens collected from adult and pediatric patients. NucliSens EV results from a subset of 327 CSF samples were compared to viral culture of nasopharyngeal specimens and rectal swabs (n = 195) and/or CSF (n = 212). Of the 212 CSF samples, 96 samples were positive by either the NucliSens EV assay (94/96; 97.9%) or culture (63/96; 65.6%), and 61/96 (63.5%) were positive by both methods. The inclusion of an EV-specific internal control monitored the entire process, including the efficiency of nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection. In total, only five blood-clotted CSF samples (0.5%) were inhibited. The NucliSens EV assay demonstrated superior sensitivity over viral culture (P < 0.001), excellent specificity, clear delineation of positive samples, and minimal amplification inhibition.
ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА ГЕНА ПЕРОКСИСОМ ПРОЛИФЕРАТОР-АКТИВИРУЮЩИХ РЕЦЕПТОРОВ - γ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ГИПЕРТОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ (2014)

In this paper we study the characteristics of the peroxisome proliferator inheritance gene - activating receptors (PPAR -γ) in men aged 40-60 years compared with postmenopausal women with varying severity of essential hypertension (EH). The study found no gender differences in the inheritance of gene polymorphism PPAR -γ both in the control group, and patients with EH. It was found among men and women, residents of Vinnytsia region suffering from EH Ala-allele of the gene PPAR -γ carried patients occurred significantly more often in comparison to healthy subjects .
PYRROLE CHEMISTRY: III. FRIEDEL-CRAFTS ISOPROPYLATION OF METHYL 2-PYRROLECARBOXYLATE (1964)

The reaction between isopropyl chloride and methyl 2-pyrrolecarboxylate catalyzed by aluminum chloride has been investigated. From the reaction mixture 4-isopropyl-, 5-isopropyl-, and 4,5-diisopropyl-2-esters have been isolated and identified. It has been found that while the 4-isopropyl-2-ester rearranged to 5-isopropyl-2-ester under alkylation conditions, neither the latter nor the 4,5-diisopropyl-2-ester underwent any change. Some suggestions as to the course of the reaction are made.
SimQuest, authoring educational simulations (2003)

Sim Quest is an authoring system for creating computer simulations embedded in an instructional environment. A typical learning environment created with Sim Quest allows learners to engage in an activity of discovery learning with a simulation, supported by instructional measures from within the environment. Some of these instructional measures adapt themselves to the interaction of the learner with the simulation. Sim Quest allows the author to create various kinds of instructional support for the learner. Assignments provide the learner with short term goals for the learning process, explanations offer additional information, a monitoring tool allows the learner to record and replay experiments, and, moreover, the domain can be arranged according to different levels of model progression. Recent developments are a hypothesis scratchpad, intelligent feedback, a modelling tool, and facilities for collaborative learning in Sim Quest. Sim Quest supports the full process of authoring simulation based learning environments, from creating the simulation model to defining the instructional interaction of the learning environment with the learner. Authoring a Sim Quest learning environment is done in an object oriented way. The author selects templates from a library to create building blocks of the learning environment, which are then edited to match the author’s requirements. The Sim Quest architecture, with a simulation context as central element takes care of the interaction between the various building blocks. The author is supported by the contents of the library, on-line help, on-line pedagogical advice, and a wizard that can automate part of the authoring process. Sim Quest has been used to create about twenty learning environments, some of which have been evaluated extensively with students. Currently Sim Quest is used by a group of teachers to create learning material for use in their classrooms. A number of Sim Quest learning environments are now published by commercial publishers.
pH Sensing of Ba[sub 0.7]Sr[sub 0.3]TiO[sub 3]∕SiO[sub 2] Film for Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor and Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor Devices (2009)

The -sensing behaviors of barium strontium titanate (BST) ultrathin films are reported. The sputtering technique was used to prepare the ferroelectric structure. To obtain better electrical characteristics for the BST membrane, we characterized electrical properties of the thin film for the gate oxides in the metal-oxide-semiconductor devices under different deposition times of 10, 20, and using high frequency capacitance-voltage and current-voltage measurements. The pH-sensing properties of the stack layers were also investigated using capacitance-voltage measurements on the electrolyte/insulator/semiconductor. The results show that BST ultrathin film still exhibits linear pH sensitivities of approximately ranging from pH 1 to 11. Besides, the drift rate and temperature dependence of the measured pH sensitivity has also been represented.
Servo respirator constructed from a positive-pressure ventilator (1976)

We have constructed an electronically controlled respirator from three commercially available components: a positive-pressure ventilator, a recorder pen motor, and a differential amplifier. Using negative feedback derived from a tracheal pressure signal, the instrument functions as a servo respirator which provides precise control of tracheal pressure. The system's power and response characteristics are well suited for ventilation of anesthetized cats and dogs. The servo respirator can be used as an externally controlled respiratory pump which provides flexibility in selection of the parameters of the ventilatory cycle. Alternatively, it can function as a "demand" respirator which generates transthoracic pressure proportional to efferent respiratory discharge.
High Resolution Structure Imaging of Octahedral Void Defects in As-Grown Czochralski Silicon (1997)

The crystal originated particles (COP's) as revealed by light scattering tools on Czochralski silicon wafer surfaces are investigated by means of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) on specimens prepared by a focused ion beam tool. The structure imaging of buried defects gives direct evidence for the void nature of the defects leading to the formation of the COP's.
Transscleral photodisruption for the treatment of glaucoma (1999)

To evaluate transscleral glaucoma surgery techniques using ultrashort pulsed lasers, we attempted to produce photodisruption on the inner surface of the sclera without damaging the overlying tissue. We identified two methods, using pulses centered at 1700 nm and a transparency inducing drug, to produce the spatial and temporal confinement of the pulse necessary to produce photodisruption in the highly scattering sclera. When fully developed these concepts may help address the longstanding limitations of current glaucoma surgical techniques.
DuPont soil washing technology program and treatment of arsenic contaminated soils (1997)

Abstract This paper summarizes a case study involving a site with inorganic arsenic‐contaminated soils. Detailed soil characterization studies involving sequential extraction testing indicated that the arsenic was primarily associated with the organic fraction and the iron oxide/manganese oxide fraction of the soil. A preliminary treatability study demonstrated that adequate leaching of arsenic was possible. Alkaline leaching was specific for arsenic. Future plans include a program of bench‐scale treatability and field pilot studies focusing on soil washing technology application.
Network performance evaluation algorithm based on BP neural network (2016)

In this paper, a network performance evaluation algorithm is proposed based on BP neural network. This system collects 8 network parameters in a local area network, and classifies the performance of network into three states: excellent, good and unqualified. Verification and analysis results show that the accuracy of the proposed network performance evaluation algorithm reaches up to 90% by K-fold cross validation test. The experiments indicate that this proposed algorithm is robust and effective. Moreover, the calculation time of this system is less than 1ms. It could be effectively applied for a real-time network performance evaluation.
1,2,5-Oxadiazole <i>N</i>-Oxide Derivatives and Related Compounds as Potential Antitrypanosomal Drugs:  Structure−Activity Relationships (1999)

The syntheses of a new series of derivatives of 1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide, benzo[1,2-c]1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide, and quinoxaline di-N-oxide are described. In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of these compounds was tested against epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. For the most effective drugs, derivatives IIIe and IIIf, the 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) was determined as well as their cytotoxicity against mammalian fibroblasts. Electrochemical studies and ESR spectroscopy show that the highest activities observed are associated with the facile monoelectronation of the N-oxide moiety. Lipophilic-hydrophilic balance of the compounds could also play an important role in their effectiveness as antichagasic drugs.
Synthesis of fiber-reinforced SiC composites by chemical vapor infiltration (1986)

Fabrication de composites par infiltration et depot chimique en phase vapeur de SiC dans une structure fibreuse de SiC. L'utilisation d'un gradient thermique et d'un ecoulement gazeux force permet de reduire la duree d'infiltration. On etudie les proprietes mecaniques de ces composites
Implant and annealed ohmic contact to a thin quantum well (1989)

We demonstrate for the first time that ion implantation and implant activation annealing, combined with a heavily doped InGaAs surface layer, can be used to make nonalloying shallow ohmic contact to an n-type InGaAs (or GaAs) quantum well. Quantum Hall effect and Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations are clearly observed, which indicates that electrons in the quantum well remain two dimensional despite the post-implantation high-temperature annealing. This technique can be applied to devices that would need to make shallow ohmic contact to a thin (∼100 Å or less) quantum well, where existing selective etching approaches fail to work.
The Toll‐like receptor 7/8‐ligand resiquimod (R‐848) primes human neutrophils for leukotriene B <sub>4</sub> , prostaglandin E <sub>2</sub> and platelet‐activating factor biosynthesis (2007)

Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play important roles in the innate immune system. While single-stranded viral RNA is the natural ligand of TLR7/TLR8, the imidazoquinoline resiquimod (R-848) is recognized as a potent synthetic agonist of TLR7/TLR8. We investigated the effects of TLR7/8 activation on lipid mediator production in polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed to R-848. Although R-848 had minimal effects by itself, it strongly enhanced leukotriene B4 formation on subsequent stimulation by fMLP, platelet-activating factor, and the ionophore A23187. R-848 acted via TLR8 but not TLR7 as shown by the lack of effect of the TLR7-specific ligand imiquimod. Priming with R-848 also resulted in enhanced arachidonic acid release and platelet-activating factor formation following fMLP stimulation, as well as enhanced prostaglandin E2 synthesis following the addition of arachidonic acid. Western blot analysis demonstrated that R-848 induced the phosphorylation of the cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha, promoted 5-lipoxygenase translocation and potently stimulated the expression of the type 2 cyclooxygenase. Bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of endosomal acidification, efficiently inhibited all R-848-induced effects. These studies demonstrate that TLR8 signaling strongly promotes inflammatory lipid mediator biosynthesis and provide novel insights on innate immune response to viral infections.
Permit delivery rates of an ATM cell based access network MAC protocol (1994)

RACE 2024, Broadband Access Facilities (BAF) project has developed a Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol that explicitly manages the transmission of each individual ATM cell. This mechanism polls each Network Termination (NT) and depending on the NT's queue length issues permits to send. Multiplexing several variable bit rate sources together causes cell clumping when issuing permits at the sum of the peak bandwidths to a NT. A reduction of the cell clumping can be gained by transmitting the permits at the mean bit rate of the NT. However, this has the effect of smoothing the customer's traffic profile to a constant bit rate stream producing larger cell delay variation and slower reaction times across the passive optical network. This paper presents a compromise between transmitting permits at the sum of the peak rates and the mean. By reduction of permit transmission, traffic shaping can be performed which will smooth the burstiness of the traffic. >
TCP-Freeze: Beneficial for virtual machine live migration with IP address change? (2012)

With the increasing popularity of the cloud computing paradigm, data centers have become more important. Because current virtual machine live migration solutions require the live migration to take place within the same subnet without changing the IP address of the live migrated virtual machine, large Layer 2 networks are used in data centers, which creates scalability difficulties. In order to limit the size of Layer 2 networks, live migration can be done with IP address and subnet change. We implement a solution for live migration with IP address change, where the old host of a migrated virtual machine acts as a Layer 3 proxy for the virtual machine. We evaluate the performance benefits of using TCP-Freeze with this solution, where we freeze and thaw TCP connections as the virtual machine is live migrated.
Electrochemical investigation of Mn4O4-cubane water-oxidizing clusters (2009)

High valence states in manganese clusters are a key feature of the function of one of the most important catalysts found in nature, the water-oxidizing complex of photosystem II. We describe a detailed electrochemical investigation of two bio-inspired manganese-oxo complexes, [Mn(4)O(4)L(6)] (L = diphenylphosphinate (1) and bis(p-methoxyphenyl)phosphinate (2)), in solution, attached to an electrode surface and suspended within a Nafion film. These complexes contain a cubic [Mn(4)O(4)](6+) core stabilized by phosphinate ligands. They have previously been shown to be active and durable photocatalysts for the oxidation of water to dioxygen. A comparison of catalytic photocurrent generated by films deposited by two methods of electrode immobilization reveals that doping of the catalyst in Nafion results in higher photocurrent than was observed for a solid layer of cubane on an electrode surface. In dichloromethane solution, and under conditions of cyclic voltammetry, the one-electron oxidation processes 1/1(+) and 2/2(+) were found to be reversible and quasi-reversible, respectively. Some decomposition of 1(+) and 2(+) was detected on the longer timescale of bulk electrolysis. Both compounds also undergo a two-electron, chemically irreversible reduction in dichloromethane, with a mechanism that is dependent on scan rate and influenced by the presence of a proton donor. When immersed in aqueous electrolyte, the reduction process exhibits a limited level of chemical reversibility. These data provide insights into the catalytic operation of these molecules during photo-assisted electrolysis of water and highlight the importance of the strongly electron-donating ligand environment about the manganese ions in the ability of the cubanes to photocatalyze water oxidation at low overpotentials.
A Transgene Encoding a Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase That Confers Acid Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings (1998)

Proton pumps (H+-ATPases) are the primary active transport systems in the plasma membrane of higher plant cells. These enzymes are encoded by a large gene family expressed throughout the plant, with specific isoforms directed to various specialized cells. While their involvement in membrane energetics has been suggested by a large body of biochemical and physiological studies, a genetic analysis of their role in plants has not yet been performed. We report here that mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants containing a phloem-specific transgene encoding a plasma membrane H+-ATPase with an altered carboxy terminus show improved growth at low pH during seedling development. These observations provide the first genetic evidence for a role of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in cytoplasmic pH homeostasis in plants.