gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Highly Oxygen-Enriched Blast Furnace Operation Utilizing Top Gas for Ammonia Synthesis (1972)

In order that top gas of a pig iron blast furnace can be utilized for ammonia synthesis by itself, oxygen content of the blast should be enriched to about 50-60%.It seems that there has never been any report on the industrialization of a blast furnace by such highly oxygen-enriched blast.The authors have succeeded in the operation of test furnaces and an industrial furnace by such blast, the results of which are reported in this paper.As the results of test furnaces, blow-in of the cleaned top gas through tuyeres together with the blast or injection of heavy oil was adopted to lower extremely high combustion temperature in front of the tuyeres and to increase the volume of ascending bosh gas.The industrial operation was successfully continued for three years and ten months at max. 55% oxygen in blast and produced about 90 000 tons of foundry pig iron and 134×106 Nm3 of effective gas (CO+H2) equivalent to about 60 000 tons of ammonia by the time of stoppage on account of changerof ammonia plant.
Downregulation of Protein Kinase Cδ Activity Enhances Endothelial Cell Adaptation to Hypoxia (1999)

PKCdelta activity is decreased by hypoxia by a mechanism that does not involve NO synthase; this downregulation appears to enhance EC survival during hypoxia by decreasing nonapoptotic cell death.
A Kalman filter-based approach to detect landmines from metal detector data (2002)

Metal detectors play a significant role in landmine detection. Automatic sensor fusion is required to improve the performance of ground penetrating radar (GPR)-metal detector multi-sensor systems. The existing version of the Kalman filter-based detection algorithm has been adapted for automatic detection and discrimination of landmines in metal detector data. In this algorithm, multi-channel metal detector output data are fused to produce a distribution of probabilities of the presence or absence of a target. Performance of this algorithm has been assessed using data obtained by burying a number of simulant landmines, canonical targets and shrapnel in different soil types.
An information retrieval approach to identifying infrequent events in surveillance video (2013)

This paper presents work on integrating multiple computer vision-based approaches to surveillance video analysis to support user retrieval of video segments showing human activities. Applied computer vision using real-world surveillance video data is an extremely challenging research problem, independently of any information retrieval (IR) issues. Here we describe the issues faced in developing both generic and specific analysis tools and how they were integrated for use in the new TRECVid interactive surveillance event detection task. We present an interaction paradigm and discuss the outcomes from face-to-face end user trials and the resulting feedback on the system from both professionals, who manage surveillance video, and computer vision or machine learning experts. We propose an information retrieval approach to finding events in surveillance video rather than solely relying on traditional annotation using specifically trained classifiers.
Wind energy conversion. Progress report, July 15, 1975--February 15, 1976 (1976)

Information is presented concerning control strategies for maximum power; loading in the presence of wind shear and gusts; aeroelastic stability margins; performance comparison between constant rpm and constant velocity ratio operation; synchronous alternators for wind energy conversion; experimental vibration behavior of windmill; experimental wind turbine model description; development of solution for finite number of blades; aerodynamic design and performance of windmills; linear aeroelastic analysis of blade; and nonlinear analysis of a feathering-flapping-lagging rigid rotor blade without aerodynamics.
A proposed Federal Standard for narrowband digital land mobile radio (2002)

The technical characteristics and features of a standard defining interoperable digitized voice and digital data modes operating at 8000 b/s with 12.5 kHz or narrower channel spacings at frequencies above 30 MHz are described. The voice modes will incorporate the US government standard 4800 b/s code-excited linear prediction (CELP) voice coding algorithm. Both voice and data modes will utilize error control coding with interleaving to combat error bursts typical of digital land mobile radio communication channels. The baseband transmission format is designed with a superframe structure that will provide for reliable late-entry synchronization. The data rate, transmission modes, transmission format, and modulation technique are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS SUCCEED WHERE ANCESTOR RECONSTRUCTION FAILS IN A KNOWN BACTERIOPHAGE PHYLOGENY (2000)

Methods of ancestor reconstruction are important tools for evolutionary inference that are difficult to test empirically because ancestral states are rarely known with certainty. We evaluated reconstruction methods for continuous phenotypic characters using taxa from an experimentally generated bacteriophage phylogeny. Except for one slowly evolving character, the estimated ancestral states of continuous phenotypic characters were highly inaccurate and biased, even when including a known ancestor at the root. This error was caused by a directional trend in character evolution and by rapid rates of character evolution. Computer simulations confirmed that such factors affect reconstruction of continuous characters in general. We also used phenotypic viral characters to evaluate two methods that attempt to estimate the correlation between characters during evolution. Whereas a nonphylogenetic regression was relatively inaccurate and biased, independent contrasts accurately estimated the correlation between characters with little bias.
TECHNOLOGY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE (1985)

Technological innovations can have Important strategic implications for individual companies and can greatly influence industries as a whole. Yet, not all technological change is strategically beneficial. This article focuses on ways to recognize and exploit the competitive significance of change.
Effect of Chloroquine and Methylamine on Endocytosis of Fluorescein‐Labelled Control IgG and of Anti‐(Plasma Membrane) IgG by Cultured Fibroblasts (1981)

We report here the effect of chloroquine and methylamine two lysosomotropic drugs, on the binding, uptake and subcellular localization of fluorescein-labelled control immunoglobulin G (control IgG) a marker for non-specific adsorptive endocytosis and of anti-(plasma membrane) IgG (specific IgG), a specific ligand of cell-surface antigens. At 4 degrees C, methylamine and chloroquine inhibit the binding of control IgG to the cell surface, probably by a reversible competition. These two drugs, methylamine more than chloroquine, considerably slow down the rate at which control IgG is transferred from its binding sites on the phagosomal membrane to the lysosomal compartment; both drugs block almost completely the intralysosomal digestion of this IgG as well as the release of degradation products into the culture medium. They do not affect the binding and uptake of the specific IgG. In addition, methylamine seems to inhibit partially the return of the cell surface of membrane antigens and of membrane fragments bearing 5'-nucleotidase or binding sites for control IgG. We conclude that important steps (binding to cell surface, delivery to lysosomes, digestion and recycling of plasma membrane) involved in the uptake and the processing of IgG by fibroblasts are inhibited by these two substances. The effects of lysosomotropic agents on the regulation and function of the endocytic pathway and of lysosomes could have many pharmacological and therapeutic implications.
Human infections with Borna disease virus: Seroprevalence in patients with chronic diseases and healthy individuals (1992)

Borna disease virus (BDV) is as yet an unclassified infectious agent which causes a neurologic disease in horses and sheep and is transmissible to other animal species. Human sera were tested for BDV-specific antibodies by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. The sera were collected from three thousand subjects in Europe, the USA, and Africa classified by clinical syndromes/infectious diseases, and from healthy controls. In all three continents, positive serum samples were detected which recognized the major BDV antigen of 38/40 KD present in the nuclei of infected cells. In contrast to 2% of seropositives among the normal population, significantly higher prevalences (13-14%) were present among patients with chronic progressive diseases of the brain and the immune system. In children, antibody frequencies were two to four times higher than in adults. The results suggest a latent infection with BDV in humans leading to low antigen expression in healthy subjects and frequent reactivation events in chronically ill patients.
Integrating New Emissions Engines into Commercial Vehicles:Emissions, Performance & Affordability (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Commercial vehicles carry more than 10 billion tons of goods - approximately 70 percent of all freight shipped and travel over 450 billion miles each year in the United States. These vehicles are the exclusive mode of delivery in over 75 percent of U.S. communities. Such utilization and dependency demand commercial vehicles be reliable, durable, and cost effective.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The heart of these commercial vehicles (Classes 3-8) is the diesel engine. The widespread use of the diesel engine can be attributed to its reliability, durability, and cost effectiveness. However, the 2007 and 2010 EPA emissions regulations are creating significant challenges for diesel-powered commercial vehicles. Engine and vehicle manufacturers must strike a balance between emissions, performance, and affordability.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A consequence of the evolution of the diesel engine to meet the increasingly stringent emissions regulations is that more effort to accommodate the associated changes is driven to the vehicle manufacturers. However, a result of this engine evolution is that commercial vehicles are now more environmentally-friendly as part of the vehicle evolution to become safer, more productive, ergonomic, and driver-friendly.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The diesel engine touches many of the vehicle's systems, sub-systems, and components, all of which have to be analyzed for direct and indirect influence from associated engine changes. When these changes include new technologies at the vehicle level, as is the case for 2007 with active exhaust aftertreatment, implementation for the vehicle manufacturer becomes even greater.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive exposure to the numerous tasks and challenges associated with changes to diesel engines and related vehicle systems imposed by regulatory mandates. An historical perspective on the levels of effort associated with previous emissions regulations is offered to emphasize the level of effort required to support the 2007 Diesel Engine Emissions Regulations.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Attaining the overall goal of implementing the 2007 changes in production requires a systematic engineering approach from assessing customer requirements to delivering products that meet these requirements. Elements of program management, product management, timing, overlapping programs, new considerations in trade-off decisions, higher levels of integration, higher levels of analysis, higher levels of verification, and collaboration of extended resource teams are examined as well as an exploration of potential implications for future emissions reduction technologies.</div>
Reaction Enthalpies for M<sup>+</sup>L = M<sup>+</sup> + L, Where M<sup>+</sup> = Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> and L = Acetamide, <i>N</i>-Methylacetamide, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylacetamide, Glycine, and Glycylglycine, from Determinations of the Collision-Induced Dissociation Thresholds (1996)

With electrospray (ES), ions present in solution can be transferred to the gas phase. The method provides unique opportunities for studies of hitherto inaccessible ions. Collision-induced dissociation threshold measurements of gas phase ions produced by ES are described. The thresholds for the reactions M+L = M+ + L, where M+ is Na+ or K+ and L is acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, glycine, glycinamide, succinamide, and glycylglycine, were determined. Enthalpy changes for the reaction were derived from these data.
<i>TOMM40</i> intron 6 poly‐T length, age at onset, and neuropathology of AD in individuals with <i>APOE</i> ɛ3/ɛ3 (2012)

TOMM40 intron 6 poly-T length may explain some of the variation in age at onset in PSEN2 familial AD and may be associated with AD neuropathology in persons with APOE ε3/ε3.
Decision Support Systems (2020)

A decision support system is an interactive human–computer decision-making system that supports decision makers rather than replaces them, utilizing data and models. It solves unstructured and semi-structured problems with a focus on effectiveness rather than efficiency in decision processes. In the early 1970s, scholars in this field began to recognize the important roles that decision support systems (DSS) play in supporting managers in their semistructured or unstructured decision-making activities. Over the past five decades, DSS has made progress toward becoming a solid academic field. Nevertheless, since the mid-1990s, the inability of DSS to fully satisfy a wide range of information needs of practitioners provided an impetus for a new breed of DSS, business intelligence systems (BIS). The academic discipline of DSS has undergone numerous changes in technological environments including the adoption of data warehouses. Until the late 1990s, most textbooks referred to “decision support systems.” Nowadays, many of them have replaced “decision support systems” with “business intelligence.” While DSS/BIS began in academia and were quickly adopted in business, in recent years these tools have moved into government and the academic field of public administration. In addition, modern political campaigns, especially at the national level, are based on data analytics and the use of big data analytics. The first section of this article reviews the development of DSS as an academic discipline. The second section discusses BIS and their components (the data warehousing environment and the analytical environment). The final section introduces two emerging topics in DSS/BIS: big data analytics and cloud computing analytics. Before the era of big data, most data collected by business organizations could easily be managed by traditional relational database management systems with a serial processing system. Social networks, e-business networks, Internet of Things (IoT), and many other wireless sensor networks are generating huge volumes of data every day. The challenge of big data has demanded a new business intelligence infrastructure with new tools (Hadoop cluster, the data warehousing environment, and the business analytical environment).
Formulation and Evaluation of Microemulsion Based Topical Hydrogel Containing Lornoxicam (2014)

In summary, in this research paper several microemulsion-based hydrogels were developed and evaluated for their potential as topical delivery systems for Lornoxicam, a hydrophobic drug presenting extensive first-pass metabolism and short elimination half-life after oral administration, and also poor aqueous solubility. The results showed that the content of microemulsion based hydrogels components (oil, Smix and water) had significant effect on their physical, rheological and in vitro drug release characteristics. It were considered as most desirable formulations the microemulsion-based hydrogels containing eutectic mixture [Camphor (5%) and menthol (5%) respectively] as oil phase, Smix (2:1) Tween 80 Ethanol (30%) as surfactant-cosurfactant, Carbopol 934p (1.5%) as gelling agent. since they exhibited high flux value (3.91 μg/cm2/hr), highest release rate values (78.91%), good spreadability values (5.89 g.cm/sec). The formulations also possessed the globule size of 175.7 nm, the polidispersity index of 0.289 and zeta potential of -21.4 mV respectively. Carrageenan induced paw edema tests revealed anti inflammatory and analgesic activity. The formulations F1 and F4 were comparable with marketed topical gel. So lornoxicam hydrolgel can be used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent for topical drug delivery.
An architecture for data warehouse systems (2002)

The growing demand for decision support tools has resulted in data warehousing as an important database research area. We propose an architecture for data warehouse systems. The architecture involves client/server properties and deductive database features. It can provide good properties of generality, extendibility, efficiency, scalability, and intelligence. We detail information flow in warehouse systems and functions of warehouse components. We also review and highlight the research problems in this area.
THE DENATURATION OF EGG ALBUMIN BY ULTRA-VIOLET RADIATION (1935)

The coagulation of isoelectric egg albumin solutions, on exposure to ultraviolet radiation, involves three distinct processes, (1) the light denaturation of the albumin molecule, (2) a reaction between the light denatured molecule and water which may be similar to heat denaturation but occurs at a lower temperature, and (3), the flocculation of the denatured molecules to form a coagulum. The light denaturation is unimolecular, independent of temperature, and occurs over a wide pH range. The reaction between the light denatured molecule and water has a temperature coefficient of 10(+) and occurs rapidly at 40 degrees C., a temperature at which heat denaturation is inappreciable.
STRUCTURE OF A DIUBIQUITIN CONJUGATE AND A MODEL FOR INTERACTION WITH UBIQUITIN CONJUGATING ENZYME (E2) (1992)

Covalent ligation of multiubiquitin chains targets eukaryotic proteins for degradation. In such multiubiquitin chains, successive ubiquitins are linked by an isopeptide bond involving the side chain of Lys48 and the carboxyl group of Gly76. The crystal structure of a diubiquitin conjugate has been determined and refined at 2.3-A resolution. The molecule has internal approximate 2-fold symmetry with multiple hydrophobic and hydrophilic contacts along the 2-fold axis. The structure of the diubiquitin conjugate suggests determinants for recognition of multiubiquitin chains. A model for the interaction of diubiquitin and a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) is proposed.
Catalytic Aquaprocessing of Arab Light Vacuum Residue via Short Space Times (2011)

Finding new economic means of upgrading residuals is becoming increasingly important. In this work, the upgrading of Arabian Light vacuum residue under asphaltene stability limit by steam catalytic cracking using unsupported ultra-dispersed (UD) alkali and a non-noble transition metals catalyst is investigated in a continuous open tubular reactor pilot plant. The experiments are conducted with K/Ni UD catalyst under 260 psig at process temperatures of 430–445 °C and LHSV of 5–10.5 h–1. Experimental results showed a relative increase in the residual oil conversion of 13% by Aquaprocessing at the minimum asphaltene stability limit when compared to conventional thermal cracking. With the use of O18 labeled water, it is confirmed that the UD catalyst during reaction is capable of dissociating water into hydrogen and oxygen radicals at near visbreaking conditions.
Sets of RNA Repeated Tags and Hybridization-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes for Distinct Images of RNA in a Living Cell (2010)

A compact and repeated label has been developed for RNA imaging in a living cell, based on the photochemistry of ECHO probes. The pairs of an 18-nt RNA tag and the complementary ECHO probes are highly thermostable, sequence-specifically emissive, and orthogonal to each other. The nucleotide length necessary for one tag sequence is much shorter compared with conventional tag technologies, resulting in easy preparation of the tag sequences with a larger number of repeats for more distinct RNA imaging.
A Simulation and Modeling Framework for Space Situational Awareness (2008)

This paper describes the development and initial demonstration of a new, integrated modeling and simulation framework, encompassing the space situational awareness enterprise, for quantitatively assessing the benefit of specific sensor systems, technologies and data analysis techniques. The framework is based on a flexible, scalable architecture to enable efficient, physics-based simulation of the current SSA enterprise, and to accommodate future advancements in SSA systems. In particular, the code is designed to take advantage of massively parallel computer systems available, for example, at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The details of the modeling and simulation framework are described, including hydrodynamic models of satellite intercept and debris generation, orbital propagation algorithms, radar cross section calculations, optical brightness calculations, generic radar system models, generic optical system models, specific Space Surveillance Network models, object detection algorithms, orbit determination algorithms, and visualization tools. The use of this integrated simulation and modeling framework on a specific scenario involving space debris is demonstrated.
Design and Analysis of Low-Voltage Low-Parasitic ESD Protection for RF ICs in CMOS (2011)

This paper reports design, analysis and optimization of a new low-parasitic, very-low-triggering-voltage dual-directional silicon-controlled rectifier (VLTdSCR) type electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structure and its cross-coupling ultra-low-triggering ESD protection circuitry (CULTdSCR) implemented in a commercial 0.18 μm CMOS. Mixed-mode ESD simulation-design technique is used to verify the new embedded punch-through and gate cross-coupling ESD trigger-assisting techniques devised to achieve ultra-low ESD triggering for SCR-type ESD protection in CMOS. Experiment shows a record low ESD triggering voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t1</sub> ) of 3.83 V, noise figure (NF) of 0.2 dB, parasitic ESD capacitance (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ESD</sub> ) of 150 fF and prompt response to very fast ESD pulses with rising time (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ) down to 100 pS. The new ESD design achieves a very high dual-directional charged device model (CDM) ESD protection capability of ~7 V/μ m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Testing colour appearance models using corresponding-colour and magnitude-estimation data sets (1998)

In 1997, the CIE Technical Committee 1–34 on Testing Colour Appearance Models adopted a new colour appearance model, CIECAM97s, for cross-media colour reproduction. This article describes its performance in comparison with some other colour appearance models and chromatic adaptation transforms using the most comprehensive colour appearance data sets yet accumulated. The data sets were divided into two categories: corresponding-colour and magnitude-estimation. The results show that the CIECAM97s model gave satisfactory predictions of both categories of data. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 23, 147–153, 1998