gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mediated Atmospheres (2017)

Atmosphere - the sensorial qualities of a space, shaped by the composition of light, sound, objects, people, etc. - has remarkable influence on our experiences and behavior. Manipulating it has been shown to be powerful, affecting cognitive performance, mood and even physiology, our work envisions and implements a smart office prototype, capable of digitally transforming its atmosphere - creating what we call Mediated Atmospheres (MA) - using computationally controlled lighting, video projection and sound. Additionally, we equipped this space with a modular real-time data collection infrastructure, integrating a set of biosignal sensors. Through a user study (N=29) we demonstrate MA's effects on occupants’ ability to focus and to recover from a stressful situation. Our evaluation is based on subjective measurements of perception, as well as objective measurements, extracted from recordings of heart rate variability and facial features. We compare multiple signal processing approaches for quantifying changes in occupant physiological state. Our findings show that MA significantly (p<0.05) affect occupants’ perception as well as physiological response, which encouragingly correlate with occupants’ perception. Our findings is a first step towards personalized control of the ambient atmosphere to support wellbeing and productivity.
<i>inhA</i> , a Gene Encoding a Target for Isoniazid and Ethionamide in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1994)

Isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) is one of the most widely used antituberculosis drugs, yet its precise target of action on Mycobacterium tuberculosis is unknown. A missense mutation within the mycobacterial inhA gene was shown to confer resistance to both INH and ethionamide (ETH) in M. smegmatis and in M. bovis. The wild-type inhA gene also conferred INH and ETH resistance when transferred on a multicopy plasmid vector to M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG. The InhA protein shows significant sequence conservation with the Escherichia coli enzyme EnvM, and cell-free assays indicate that it may be involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis. These results suggest that InhA is likely a primary target of action for INH and ETH.
Tomato, Pests, Parasitoids, and Predators: Tritrophic Interactions Involving the Genus<i>Lycopersicon</i> (2002)

Insect-plant interactions involving the cultivated tomato and its relatives in the genus Lycopersicon have been intensively studied for several decades, resulting in one of the best documented and in-depth examples of the mechanistic complexities of insect-plant interactions, which encompass both herbivores and their natural enemies. Trichome-mediated defenses are particularly significant in L. hirsutum f. glabratum and have been extensively implicated in negative tritrophic effects mediated by direct contact of parasitoids and predators with trichomes, as well as indirect effects mediated through their hosts or prey. Both constitutive and inducible defense traits of L. esculentum exert effects on selected parasitoids and predators. The effects of any particular plant defense trait on parasitoids and predators depend on the specific attributes of the plant trait and the details of the physical, biochemical, and behavioral interaction between the natural enemy, its host (prey), and the plant.
A Genetic Algorithm for Optimized Reconstruction of Quantized Signals (2005)

This paper describes a genetic algorithm that evolves optimized sets of coefficients for one-dimensional signal reconstruction under lossy conditions due to quantization. Beginning with a population of mutated copies of the set of coefficients describing a standard wavelet-based inverse transform, the genetic algorithm systemically evolves a new set of coefficients that significantly reduces mean squared error (relative to the performance of the selected wavelet) for various classes of one-dimensional signals. The evolved transforms also outperform wavelets when subsequently tested against random signals from the same class
Tolvaptan, a Selective Oral Vasopressin V <sub>2</sub> -Receptor Antagonist, for Hyponatremia (2006)

In patients with euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia, tolvaptan, an oral vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, was effective in increasing serum sodium concentrations at day 4 and day 30. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00072683 [ClinicalTrials.gov] [SALT-1] and NCT00201994 [ClinicalTrials.gov] [SALT-2].).
Crosslinked polyaniline nanorods with improved electrochemical performance as electrode material for supercapacitors (2014)

Crosslinked polyaniline was synthesized <italic>via</italic> chemical oxidative copolymerization to achieve improved electrochemical performance.
A randomized, open-label study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of human hepatitis C immune globulin (Civacir) in liver transplant recipients (2005)

Chronic hepatitis C is the most common indication for liver transplantation, but viral recurrence is universal and progressive graft injury occurs in most recipients. Our aim was to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and antiviral effects of high doses of a human hepatitis C antibody enriched immune globulin product (HCIG) in patients undergoing liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C. This was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial conducted at 4 transplant centers in the United States. A total of 18 patients with chronic hepatitis C, who underwent liver transplantation, were randomized to receive low-dose HCIG (75 mg/kg) or high-dose HCIG (200 mg/kg), or no treatment. A total of 17 infusions of HCIG were administered in each treated patient over 14 weeks using a time-dependent dosing strategy based on the PK of anti-hepatitis B immune globulin in liver transplant recipients. Hepatitis C virus levels, liver enzymes, and liver biopsies were obtained serially throughout the study period. PK profiles of HCV antibodies were determined on days 4, 10, and 98. HCIG infusions were safe and tolerated. The infusion rate could not be maximized because of symptoms for 18% to 30% of the doses. The half-life of HCIG was extremely short immediately after transplantation but was gradually prolonged. In the high-dose group, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels normalized in most subjects and no patient developed hepatic fibrosis. However, serum HCV RNA levels were not suppressed at either dose. In conclusion, HCIG, an anti-HCV enriched immune globulin product, appears to be safe in patients with chronic hepatitis C undergoing liver transplantation. Further studies are required to determine whether the drug has beneficial effects in this group of patients.
Anti-Inflammatory And Anti-Nociceptive Activities Of Methanolic Extract Of The Leaves Of <i>Fraxinus floribunda</i> Wallich (2008)

Fraxinus floribunda Wallich (Family-Oleaceae) is a wide green tree in the sub-alpine region of Sikkim, India. The methanolic extract of the leaves of Fraxinus floribunda (MEFF) at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/p.o was screened in rats for anti-inflammatory activity by acute-carrageenan induced paw edema, sub-acute cotton pellet induced granuloma and chronic Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis models. In all the three models of anti- inflammatory studies 200 and 400 mg/kg/p.o doses of the extract showed significant effect (P<0.001). Antinociceptive evaluation was performed by writhing and tail-immersion tests in mice. Anti-nociceptive evaluation revealed that MEFF at the dose of 400 mg/kg/p.o had significant activity against the control. The relieving effect was through the peripheral and central mechanism of action of the extract. This study rationalized the ethno medicinal use of the plant for relieving pain in inflammatory pathological conditions like fracture and dislocation.
Machine vision fuzzy object recognition and inspection using a new fuzzy neural network (2002)

A new fuzzy neural network, termed FUZAMP, has been used to deal with situations where the available training data from a machine vision system includes uncertainty. It performs well when used to recognize different types of fuzzy objects presented at different locations and orientations in the camera field of view. FUZAMP has been implemented to correlate human evaluations with machine evaluations of the cleanliness of dishes. Results are compared to those obtained using the so-called fuzzy ARTMAP neural network, with FUZAMP achieving better accuracy than the fuzzy ARTMAP using the same training exemplars.
Review on Graph Clustering and Subgraph Similarity Based Analysis of Neurological Disorders (2016)

How can complex relationships among molecular or clinico-pathological entities of neurological disorders be represented and analyzed? Graphs seem to be the current answer to the question no matter the type of information: molecular data, brain images or neural signals. We review a wide spectrum of graph representation and graph analysis methods and their application in the study of both the genomic level and the phenotypic level of the neurological disorder. We find numerous research works that create, process and analyze graphs formed from one or a few data types to gain an understanding of specific aspects of the neurological disorders. Furthermore, with the increasing number of data of various types becoming available for neurological disorders, we find that integrative analysis approaches that combine several types of data are being recognized as a way to gain a global understanding of the diseases. Although there are still not many integrative analyses of graphs due to the complexity in analysis, multi-layer graph analysis is a promising framework that can incorporate various data types. We describe and discuss the benefits of the multi-layer graph framework for studies of neurological disease.
Immunization with bacterial antigens: Flavobacterium and Flexibacter infections. (1997)

Seven bacterial species belonging to the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga group are currently considered to be pathogenic for fish. Because they were only recently described and/or because the disease they provoke has little economic significance, no study has been performed concerning immunization against Chryseobacterium scophthalmum, Flavobacterium johnsoniae and Flexibacter ovolyticus. Immunization with Flexibacter maritimus has not been investigated, and fish surviving a natural infection appear to remain equally susceptible to the disease during subsequent outbreaks. On the other hand, interesting data are available concerning immunization against Flavobacterium branchiophilum, Flavobacterium columnare and Flavobacterium psychrophilum because these bacterial species have been known for many years and are responsible for heavy losses in many countries. Surviving fish are usually protected against further infection by the same pathogens. Extensive serological studies have been performed and virulence mechanisms have also been investigated. The review of immunization trials against these three bacterial species shows important variations depending on the species of fish and the route of administration, but in several cases vaccinated fish were successfully protected by high titre of specific antibodies. However, no vaccine is commercially available.
Painless Unsupervised Learning with Features (2010)

We show how features can easily be added to standard generative models for unsupervised learning, without requiring complex new training methods. In particular, each component multinomial of a generative model can be turned into a miniature logistic regression model if feature locality permits. The intuitive EM algorithm still applies, but with a gradient-based M-step familiar from discriminative training of logistic regression models. We apply this technique to part-of-speech induction, grammar induction, word alignment, and word segmentation, incorporating a few linguistically-motivated features into the standard generative model for each task. These feature-enhanced models each outperform their basic counterparts by a substantial margin, and even compete with and surpass more complex state-of-the-art models. 1
Abstract 61: A Novel Electrical Therapy for Postshock PEA in a Porcine Model (2011)

BACKGROUND: Chest compression (CC) is currently recognized as the only effective intervention for the treatment of shock induced pulseless electrical activity (PEA). This study was designed to test a new form of therapy, packet electrical therapy (PET), for post shock PEA in a porcine model using medium energy electrical pacing. The main objective was to compare hemodynamic responses between the PET and the standard CC. METHODS: In 12 domestic pigs weighing 22-24kg, ventricular fibrillation (VF) was electrically induced and untreated for 2 to 7 minutes before delivering shock to induce post shock PEA with peak aortic pressures below 40 mm Hg. Once the PEA was induced, animals received 15 sec PET followed by 45 sec standard CC, and followed by 15 sec PET combined with the standard CC in sequence. If animals were resuscitated after the study sequence, after 30 minutes recovery, PEA induction and the study sequence were repeated. PET consisted of a train of narrow pulses with the amplitude of 2 amperes and the total duration of 200 ms, the depth of standard CC was maintained at 2 inches of the anterior posterior diameter of the thorax. RESULTS: A total of 35 qualified PEA events from 9 animals were included in the analyses as shown in the table: CONCLUSION: No significant differences were detected between coronary perfusion pressures for PET as compared to standard chest compressions. Both aortic and right atrial diastolic pressures were significantly increased with PET.
Mode size and method for estimating the propagation constant of single-mode Ti:LiNbO&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;strip waveguides (1982)

We have formulated a model to calculate the mode size and propagation constant of single-mode titanium-lithium niobate diffused strip waveguides directly from controllable fabrication parameters and basic constants. The model is compared to measurements of the lateral and vertical mode width of Ti:LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> waveguides for a variety of diffusion conditions. We show that the model accurately predicts the geometrical mean mode size of the two-dimensional waveguide. The model provides a simplified method for estimating the mode size and propagation constant of the guide, and is useful in designing waveguide devices having low fiber/waveguide coupling and bending losses.
Fast and efficient log file compression (2007)

Abstract. Contemporary information systems are replete with log files, created in multiple places (e.g., network servers, database management systems, user monitoring applications, system services and utilities) for multiple purposes (e.g., maintenance, security issues, traffic analysis, legal requirements, software debugging, customer management, user interface usability studies). Log files in complex systems may quickly grow to huge sizes. Often, they must be kept for long periods of time. For reasons of convenience and storage economy, log files should be compressed. However, most of the available log file compression tools use general-purpose algorithms (e.g., Deflate) which do not take advantage of redundancy specific for log files. In this paper a specialized log file compression scheme is described in five variants, differing in complexity and attained compression ratios. The proposed scheme introduces a log file transform whose output is much better compressible with general-purpose algorithms than original data. Using the fast Deflate algorithm, the transformed log files were, on average, 36.6 % shorter than the original files compressed with gzip (employing the same algorithm). Using the slower PPMVC algorithm, the transformed files were 62 % shorter than the original files compressed with gzip, and 41 % shorter than the original files compressed with bzip2.
A Comparative Analysis of DAG-Based Blockchain Architectures (2018)

Blockchain is a shared distributed ledger that promises tamper-proof secure transactions over the highly available and resilient network involving multiple participants. Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) has revolutionized the blockchain technology. Owing to its optimized validation mechanism, high scalability, efficient provenance, support for IoT and multiparty involvement, DAG is rapidly over-shadowing traditional blockchain architecture. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of most popular DAG based blockchain architectures including Nxt, IOTA, Orumesh, DagCoin,Byteball, Nano and XDAG. The comparison is based on the functional data structures for maintaining the ledger, consensus algorithms, transaction validation, ledger size, scalability and popularity. Extracting the best features various DAG based blockchains, we move on to outline the best of all worlds DAG-based blockchain architecture.
Using a Mobile Phone as a “Wii‐like” Controller for Playing Games on a Large Public Display (2007)

Undoubtedly the biggest success amongst the recent games console releases has been the launch of the Nintendo Wii. This is arguably due to its most innovative attribute—the wireless controller or “Wiimote.” The Wiimote can be used as a versatile game controller, able to detect motion and rotation in three dimensions which allows for very innovative game play. Prior to the Wii, and with much less furor, Nokia launched its 5500 model phone which contains 3D motion sensors. Using the Sensor API library available for the Symbian OS, this sensor data can be used by developers to create interesting new control schemes for mobile games. Whilst 3D motion can be utilized for ondevice games, in this paper we present a novel system that connects these phones to large public game screens via Bluetooth where it becomes a game controller for a multiplayer game. We illustrate the potential of this system through a multiplayer driving game using the Microsoft XNA framework and present preliminary feedback on the user experience from a public trial which highlights that these controls can be both intuitive and fun.
Epithelial p38α Controls Immune Cell Recruitment in the Colonic Mucosa (2010)

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) compose the first barrier against microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Although the NF-kappaB pathway in IECs was recently shown to be essential for epithelial integrity and intestinal immune homeostasis, the roles of other inflammatory signaling pathways in immune responses in IECs are still largely unknown. Here we show that p38alpha in IECs is critical for chemokine expression, subsequent immune cell recruitment into the intestinal mucosa, and clearance of the infected pathogen. Mice with p38alpha deletion in IECs suffer from a sustained bacterial burden after inoculation with Citrobacter rodentium. These animals are normal in epithelial integrity and immune cell function, but fail to recruit CD4(+) T cells into colonic mucosal lesions. The expression of chemokines in IECs is impaired, which appears to be responsible for the impaired T cell recruitment. Thus, p38alpha in IECs contributes to the host immune responses against enteric bacteria by the recruitment of immune cells.
Real-Time Estimation of Time-Varying Bending Modes Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Arrays (2012)

An important challenge in launch vehicle simulation and control is created by the time-varying mass and inertia of the vehicle, as well as the consequent changes in modal frequencies and modal shapes of the structure as propellant is exhausted. Estimating modal information from a limited number of onboard sensors is inadequate for attitude control of a launch vehicle in real time, and the use of additional conventional sensors is unwarranted because of the mass penalty and complexity. This limitation has forced mission planners to base vehicle control schemes on pre-calculated modal information from finite element models. Recent advances in fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor technology enable locating a large number of sensing elements along a rocket's structure with a negligible mass penalty. This opens the path for real-time modal estimation and control. This paper presents a novel approach for the real-time estimation of mode shapes on a variable mass structure using FBG sensor arrays. The method is validated by comparing estimated modal shapes to both numerical predictions and experimental results from a vertical cantilever beam in which a step change in mass of the beam is introduced. The results show that the first three mode shapes of the beam can be estimated in real time using strain measurements from a FBG sensor array sampled at 1 kHz. Sensitivity and estimation error based on the number of FBG sensors used is also presented.
Rebound of Hepatitis B Virus Replication in HepG2 Cells after Cessation of Antiviral Treatment (2002)

Treatment of patients with lamivudine (3TC) results in loss of detectable levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA from serum; however, the relapse rate, with regard to both reappearance of virus in the bloodstream and hepatic inflammation, is high when therapy is terminated. Although the rebound observed in patients has also been seen in animal hepadnavirus models, rebound has not been analyzed in an in vitro cell culture system. In this study, we used the HBV recombinant baculovirus/HepG2 system to measure the time course of antiviral agent-mediated loss of HBV replication as well as the time course and magnitude of HBV production after release from antiviral treatment. Because of the sensitivity of the system, it was possible to measure secreted virions, intracellular replicative intermediates, and nuclear non-protein-bound HBV DNA and separately analyze individual species of DNA, such as single-stranded HBV DNA compared to the double-stranded form and relaxed circular compared to covalently closed circular HBV DNA. We first determined that HBV replication in the HBV recombinant baculovirus/HepG2 system could proceed for at least 35 days, with a 30-day plateau level of replication, making it possible to study antiviral agent-mediated loss of HBV followed by rebound after cessation of drug treatment. All HBV DNA species decreased in a time-dependent fashion following antiviral treatment, but the magnitude of decline differed for each HBV DNA species, with the covalently closed circular form of HBV DNA being the most resistant to drug therapy. When drug treatment ceased, HBV DNA species reappeared with a pattern that recapitulated the initiation of replication, but with a different time course.
Imidazole Nucleosides and Nucleotides (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImidazole Nucleosides and NucleotidesLeroy B. TownsendCite this: Chem. Rev. 1967, 67, 5, 533–563Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60249a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views731Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts