gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution and Variation of the Yeast (<i>Saccharomyces</i>) Genome (2000)

In this review we describe the role of the yeast Saccharomyces in the development of human societies including the use of this organism in the making of wine, bread, beer, and distilled beverages. We also discuss the tremendous diversity of yeast found in natural (i.e., noninoculated) wine fermentations and the scientific uses of yeast over the past 60 years. In conclusion, we present ideas on the model of "genome renewal" and the use of this model to explain the mode by which yeast has evolved and how diversity can be generated.
Challenges and Approaches to Realizing Autonomous Vehicle Safety (2017)

Autonomous vehicles hold enormous promise for transportation safety. But feasible, sound methods of testing need to be developed. In the meantime, policymakers should work to foster the development of self-driving vehicles while lowering their risks.
Over‐expression of <i>BMP4</i> and <i>BMP5</i> in a child with axial skeletal malformations and heterotopic ossification: A new syndrome (2007)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a highly conserved class of signaling molecules that induce ectopic cartilage and bone formation in vivo. Dysregulated expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is found in the cells of patients who have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a genetic disorder of axial and appendicular skeletal malformation and progressive heterotopic ossification. Loss of function mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein 5 (bmp5) gene leading to under-expression of BMP5 cause the murine short ear syndrome, characterized by small malformed ears and a broad range of axial skeletal malformations. We found features reminiscent of both the short ear mouse and FOP in a child with malformed external ears, multiple malformations of the axial skeleton, and progressive heterotopic ossification in the neck and back. We examined BMP mRNA expression in transformed lymphocytes by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and protein expression by ELISA assays and immunohistochemistry. Elevated levels of BMP4 and BMP5 mRNA and protein were detected in the patient's cells while levels of BMP2 mRNA were unchanged. Our data suggest that dysregulated expression of BMP4 and BMP5 genes is associated with an array of human axial skeletal abnormalities similar to the short ear mouse and FOP.
Kinetic expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) during embryonic stem cell differentiation (2005)

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) is widely used as a marker during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis from embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, the expression of PECAM-1 isoforms in ES cells has not been determined. The present study was designed to determine the role of PECAM-1 isoforms during in vitro endothelial differentiation of ES cells. It was found that undifferentiated ES cells expressed high level of PECAM-1, which primarily located at cell-cell junction, but the expression of PECAM-1 was sharply down-regulated during early ES cell differentiation. In addition, undifferentiated ES cells were found the expressed all eight known alternatively spliced PECAM-1 isoforms, among them the expression of PECAM-1 isoforms lacking exon 15 or 14&15 was predominant. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of PECAM-1 isoform lacking exon 12&14&15 as vascular development of ES cells. These results indicate a constitutive expression of PECAM-1 in undifferentiated murine ES cells and suggest a developmental role of PECAM-1 isoform changes during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging methods for core analysis (2006)

Abstract The majority of sedimentary rocks have significant paramagnetic impurities, which lead to magnetic resonance signal lifetimes too short to be detected by clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Quantitative information is the ultimate goal for rock-core analysis. The SPRITE (single-point ramped imaging with T 1 enhancement) imaging technique has proven to be a very robust and flexible method for the study of a wide range of systems with short signal lifetimes. As a pure phase-encoding technique, SPRITE is largely immune to image distortions generated by susceptibility variations, chemical shift and paramagnetic impurities, unlike clinical magnetic resonance imaging methods. It enables systems with transverse lifetimes as short as tens of microseconds to be successfully visualized. Our experimental results show that most sedimentary rocks have a single exponential transverse magnetization decay for T * 2 , which suggests that quantitative imaging of local fluid content can be easily obtained. Some examples of MRI techniques are represented that reveal internal sedimentary characteristics and heterogeneity. In addition, the application of quantitative MRI techniques to examine flow mechanisms in rock cores is outlined.
Methanesulfonic acid catalyzed addition of aromatic compounds to oleic acid (1984)

Abstract The addition of aromatic compounds to the double bond of oleic acid has been studied using methanesulfonic acid as the acid catalyst. When alkylbenzenes were reacted with oleic acid, the yield of addition product was dependent on the electron density of the benzene ring. For example, a 76% yield of addition product was obtained with toluene, whereas for benzene and monochlorobenzene, the yields of addition products were 60% and 2%. The addition of phenol to oleic acid gave 2 types of addition products, an ethertype (phenylether) product and a ring‐substituted product (hydroxy‐phenylstearic acid). The ratio of the 2 products varied with the reaction temperature and the amount of methanesulfonic acid. The ring‐substituted product predominated at a high molar ratio of methanesulfonic acid to oleic acid (6:1) and elevated reaction temperature (50 C). Thiophenol was found to add to oleic acid to form a thioether derivative exclusively.
Prophylaxis in von Willebrand disease (2008)

This paper reviews current issues regarding short-term (i.e. for surgery and invasive procedures) and long-term (i.e. regular infusions to prevent bleeding on a permanent or temporary basis) prophylaxis treatment using replacement concentrates for patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) who do not respond satisfactorily to desmopressin. The standard treatment of these patients is with factor concentrates containing von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII (FVIII). When dosing these concentrates, the broad variations in content and quality of VWF as well as the FVIII content in the products should be considered. Peri-operative management strategies will depend on the VWD subtype, baseline VWF and FVIII levels, and size of procedure. FVIII level and VWF ristocetin cofactor activity may both be used to determine concentrate potency and to monitor treatment. Long-term prophylaxis, which has become a state-of-the-art approach in haemophilia, is not very common in VWD. However, more recent data suggest that a substantial number of VWD patients could benefit from prophylactic treatment with VWF-containing concentrates. For example, 35 Swedish VWD patients who required prophylaxis (mainly because of nose/mouth bleeds and joint bleeds) showed a substantial overall reduction in bleeding episodes and there were no signs of arthropathy in children who began prophylaxis before the age of 5 years since initiation of treatment with Haemate P/Humate-P. Studies of prophylaxis in VWD are urgently needed to develop evidence-based guidelines for this approach; the VWD International Prophylaxis study, for example, has commenced by the VWD Prophylaxis Network.
RYANSQL: Recursively Applying Sketch-based Slot Fillings for Complex Text-to-SQL in Cross-Domain Databases (2021)

Abstract Text-to-SQL is the problem of converting a user question into an SQL query, when the question and database are given. In this article, we present a neural network approach called RYANSQL (Recursively Yielding Annotation Network for SQL) to solve complex Text-to-SQL tasks for cross-domain databases. Statement Position Code (SPC) is defined to transform a nested SQL query into a set of non-nested SELECT statements; a sketch-based slot filling approach is proposed to synthesize each SELECT statement for its corresponding SPC. Additionally, two input manipulation methods are presented to improve generation performance further. RYANSQL achieved competitive result of 58.2% accuracy on the challenging Spider benchmark. At the time of submission (April 2020), RYANSQL v2, a variant of original RYANSQL, is positioned at 3rd place among all systems and 1st place among the systems not using database content with 60.6% exact matching accuracy. The source code is available at https://github.com/kakaoenterprise/RYANSQL.
Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and Transport (1999)

This document defines an Experimental protocol for the Internet community. The IESG expects that a revised version of this protocol will be published as Proposed Standard protocol. The Proposed Standard, when published, is expected to change from the protocol defined in this memo. In particular, it is expected that the standards-track version of the protocol will incorporate strong authentication and privacy features, and that an "ipp:" URL type will be defined which supports those security measures. Other changes to the protocol are also possible. Implementors are warned that future versions of this protocol may not interoperate with the version of IPP defined in this document, or if they do interoperate, that some protocol features may not be available.
An immunochemical, ultrastructural, and developmental characterization of the horizontal basal cells of rat olfactory epithelium (1995)

The olfactory epithelium, which retains a capacity for neurogenesis throughout life, contains two categories of basal cells, dark/horizontal and light/globose, neither of which is fully characterized with respect to their function during the processes of neurogenesis and epithelial reconstitution after injury. The aim of this study was to define the potential biological role(s) of dark/horizontal basal cells (D/HBCs) in the epithelium by performing immunochemical, electron microscopic, and developmental analyses of this cell population. The D/HBCs express several specific immunochemical characteristics, which include the rat homologues of human cytokeratins 5 and 14, which were identified on the basis of staining with subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies and two-dimensional immunoblot analysis of the immunoreactive proteins. Indeed, the D/HBCs are the only cells in the olfactory mucosa that express these specific cytokeratins. The D/HBCs also express an alpha-galactose or alpha-N-acetyl galactosamine moiety to which the I beta 4 isolectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia binds. Moreover, the D/HBCs are heavily labeled by two different antibodies against the EGF receptor and by a monoclonal antibody that binds to phosphotyrosine. These characteristics are also common to the basal cells of respiratory epithelium. The electron microscopic analysis of the basal region of the olfactory epithelium and the light microscopic immunofluorescence observations demonstrate that the D/HBCs provide a bridge between the basal processes of some sustentacular cells and the basal lamina. The most striking ultrastructural feature of the D/HBCs is their enfolding of virtually all bundles of olfactory axons within tunnels formed where D/HBCs arch over the basal lamina. The intimacy of the arrangement between D/HBCs and olfactory axons suggests that signals may pass from axons to D/HBCs or vice-versa. With respect to the development of D/HBCs, cells that express cytokeratins 5 and 14 and the EGF receptor first appear near the boundary with respiratory epithelium late in development, but do not extend throughout the olfactory epithelium until the middle of the first postnatal week. Taken together, the present findings and previously published data suggest that D/HBCs help to maintain the structural integrity of the olfactory epithelium, participate in its recovery from injury, and may also function to signal the status of the neuronal population of the epithelium.
"Code Cloning: The Analysis, Detection and Removal" (2011)

The coping, modifying a block of code is identified as cloning and is the most basic means of software reuse. It has been extensively used within the software development community. An official survey which is carried out within large, long term software development project suggested that 25-30% of modules in system may be cloned. This paper begins with background concept of code cloning, presents overcall taxonomy of current techniques and tools, and classify evolution tools in two different format as static code clone and dynamic code cloning, this together presented with program analysis, secondly as a solution the static code is divided into four parts as T1, T2, T3, T4, to finally develop a process to detect and remove code cloning.
Low-power analog processing (2014)

This dissertation presents the analog harmonic transform (AHT) and a first im-plementation in an integrated circuit. The transform is designed for a regular and simple hardware structure. It provides coefficients relating to an input signal’s spec-trum. These coefficients also have a simple relationship to the signal’s Fouriér series coefficients. The AHT is defined in its ideal form and evaluated for two example signal classi-fication applications. Both military vehicle and bearing fault classification tasks are presented which validate the ability of a neural network to use the AHT coefficients to correctly classify the input signals. Because any real use of the AHT for classi-fication would include various errors, a study determining the required hardware specifications is described. These specifications are used to inform the design of a hardware implementation of the AHT coefficient generation. A prototype system in a 0.13 µm mixed-signal CMOS process was designed to confirm the new system’s utility. The prototype chip included two separate blocks of AHT circuitry along with an on-board custom
Weathering Resistance Of Concretes Containing Fly-Ash Cements (1941)

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Front and back polysilicon-contacted silicon solar cells (1985)

The first use of a (silicon)/ (heavily doped polysilicon)/ (metal) structure to replace the conventional high-low junction (or back-surface-field, BSF) structure of silicon solar cells is reported. Compared with BSF and back-ohmic-contact control samples, the polysilicon-back solar cells show improvements in red spectral response and open-circuit voltage. Measurement reveals that a decrease in effective surface recombination velocity S is responsible for this improvement. Decreased S results for n-type (Si:As) polysilicon, consistent with past findings for bipolar transistors, and for p-type (Si:B) polysilicon, reported here for the first time. Though the present polysilicon-back solar cells are far from optimal, the results suggest a new class of designs for high efficiency silicon solar cells. Detailed technical reasons are advanced to support this view.
Automatic validation of deployed J2EE components using aspects (2002)

Validating that software components meet their requirements under a particular deployment scenario is very challenging. We describe a new approach that uses component aspects, describing functional and nonfunctional cross-cutting concerns impacting components, to perform automated deployed component validation. Aspect information associated with J2EE component implementations is inspected after component deployment by validation agents. These agents run automated tests to determine if the deployed components meet their aspect-described requirements. We describe the way component aspects are encoded, the automated agent-based testing process we employ, and our validation agent architecture and implementation.
Making waves (2000)

As the marching season again brings violence to the streets of Northern Ireland, Alison Moore reports on Sandra Peake’s work to heal emotional wounds
“You are no longer creative when you give up”: technical theatre’s creative sleight of hand (2017)

The Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts at Edith Cowan University contains vocational education training programmes including technical design courses with broad reach covering arts administration, stage management, stage lighting, sound design, set and costume design. In an unsettling problematic, teachers and students in the broadly themed Production and Design courses often find themselves isolated from the other creative disciplines or battle with the perception that their work is in fact not creative but entirely the technical implementation of ‘someone’s else’s vision’. This approach seems to dismiss the creative thinking required in the development and orchestration of the design and denies the complexity inherent in anything ‘technical’. This paper will address this disparity by drawing from the perceptions of a select number of current staff from Production and Design subjects. We understand that this is a very specific take on the subject from a small number of interested folk, in fact it is deliberately idiosyncratic and narrow in research scope, and in no way indicates the viewpoints of the Australian production and design community at large. Rather, we put forward a particular point of view, given at a particular time, in order to argue that there is merit in addressing what we see as a ‘hierarchy of value’ and seek further conversation about how we may find a way that the technical/mechanical and the creative are not considered as mutually exclusive. By doing so this would not only be a pedagogical shift, but a movement in cultural paradigm.
Understanding the Mechanisms of Sustained Signaling and T Cell Activation (1997)

A Dynamic View of T Cell Behavior . For many years it has been known that T lymphocytes engage APCs in a long-lasting interaction that results in the generation of a rapid and sustained signal in T cells. Lasting almost 1 h, this sustained signal is required by T cells to maintain the transcription
On the Coexistence of LTE-LAA in the Unlicensed Band: Modeling and Performance Analysis (2018)

Long term evolution (LTE) technology leveraging the unlicensed band is anticipated to provide a solution for the challenges stemming from the rapid growth of mobile wireless services, the scarcity of available licensed spectrum, and the expected significant increase in mobile data traffic. Ensuring fair operation in terms of spectrum sharing with current unlicensed spectrum incumbents is a key concern relative to the success and viability of Unlicensed LTE (U-LTE). This paper addresses the problem of modeling and evaluating the coexistence of LTE license-assisted-access in the unlicensed band. The paper presents a novel analytical model using Markov chain to accurately model the LAA listen-before-talk scheme, as specified in the final technical specification 36.213 of 3GPP release 13 and 14. Furthermore, model validation is demonstrated through numerical and simulation results comparison. Model performance evaluation is examined and contrasted with IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function. Finally, a comprehensive coexistence performance analysis is conducted for both homogeneous and heterogeneous network scenarios and coexistence results are presented and discussed herein.
ChemInform Abstract: SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PREPARATION METHOD OF PRUSSIAN BLUE MODIFIED ELECTRODES (1982)

Abstract Die Einzelheiten der elektrochemischen Darstellung eines Preußisch‐Blau‐Film auf Elektroden werden diskutiert.
Maximum Mean Discrepancy for Class Ratio Estimation: Convergence Bounds and Kernel Selection (2014)

In recent times, many real world applications have emerged that require estimates of class ra-tios in an unlabeled instance collection as op-posed to labels of individual instances in the col-lection. In this paper we investigate the use of maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) in a repro-ducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) for estimat-ing such ratios. First, we theoretically analyze the MMD-based estimates. Our analysis establishes that, under some mild conditions, the estimate is statistically consistent. More importantly, it provides an up-per bound on the error in the estimate in terms of intuitive geometric quantities like class sep-aration and data spread. Next, we use the in-sights obtained from the theoretical analysis, to propose a novel convex formulation that auto-matically learns the kernel to be employed in the MMD-based estimation. We design an efficient cutting plane algorithm for solving this formula-tion. Finally, we empirically compare our esti-mator with several existing methods, and show significantly improved performance under vary-ing datasets, class ratios, and training sizes. 1.
VaxArray for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase potency testing of influenza vaccines (2018)

Practical methods to measure the potency of influenza vaccines are needed as alternatives for the standard single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay. VaxArray assays for influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) have been developed to address this need. In this report, we evaluate the use of these assays to assess the potency of HA and NA of an A/H3N2 subunit vaccine by determining the correlation between the amounts measured by VaxArray and the immunogenicity in mice. The antibody response after one and two doses of five formulations of the vaccine ranging from 5 µg/mL to 80 µg/mL of HA, was measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neuraminidase inhibition (NAI) assays. For hemagglutinin, vaccine potency determined by VaxArray was equivalent to potency measured SRID and these amounts were predictive of immunogenicity, with excellent correlation between potency measured by VaxArray and the HAI geometric mean titers (GMT). Likewise, the amount of NA measured by VaxArray was predictive of the NAI GMT. The VaxArray NA assay reported non-detectable levels of intact NA for a sample that had been heat degraded at 56 °C for 20 h, demonstrating that the assay measures the native, active form of NA. Similarly, the HA potency measured by VaxArray in this heat-treated sample was very low when a monoclonal antibody was used to detect the amount of antigen bound. Importantly, the force degraded sample induced low HAI titers and the NAI titers were not measurable, supporting the conclusion that the VaxArray HA and NA assays measure the immunogenic forms of these A/H3N2 antigens. This study indicates that VaxArray assays can be used to assess the potency of HA and NA components in influenza vaccines as a proxy for immunogenicity.
THE CROSSVEINLESS POLYGENES IN AN IOWA POPULATION (1973)

A natural population of Drosophila melanogaster was tested for the presence of crossveinless (cve) alleles over the course of a summer. Approximately 8% of the wild-caught females tested carried enough cve alleles to produce true-breeding crossveinless lines. In some cases, different isofemale lines produced identical cve strains. Also, differences were sometimes observed among independently selected cve sublines of a given isofemale line.-The cv-2 allele was found to occur with a frequency of about 1% to 2%.
New Approach to the Measurement of the Specific Heat of Gases (1955)

The variation of temperature with elevation within a body of gas in convective equilibrium in a gravitational field depends upon the specific heat. Specifically, the sum of the enthalpy and potential energy is the same for all elevations. It is only necessary, therefore, to measure the temperature at two points and the vertical distance between them to find the specific heat at the existing pressure. A calorimeter for securing an approximation to convective equilibrium is described.