gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In situ bioreclamation (1991)

YGY-E is an active ingredient in traditional Chinese medical herbs which have anti-ischemic activity. The present work was designed to study its therapeutic time window in cerebral ischemic injury as well as its effect on neuronal apoptosis. Animals received an intravenous injection of YGY-E at 1, 3, and 6 h, respectively, after permanent focal cerebral ischemia induced by electrocoagulation of the middle cerebral artery. Infarct ratio and neurological function were employed to assess the effects of YGY-E on the therapeutic time window in this animal model. Furthermore, we evaluated effects of this compound on neuronal apoptosis and synthesis of Bcl-2 and Bax in ischemic brain tissue with in situ DNA end labeling (TUNEL), immunohistochemistry assay, and Western blot analysis. YGY-E (2-8 mg/kg) delivered at all the three time points dosedependently decreased infarct ratio, neurological deficits, percentage of TUNEL-positive cells (p < 0.01) and Bax-positive cells (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). In contrast, it increased the percentage of Bcl-2 positive cells (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). These data demonstrated that YGY-E had protective effects against cerebral ischemia injuries in rats. But more importantly, they indicate that YGY-E has an unusually long (up to 6 h) therapeutic time window relative to classical drugs in treating cerebral ischemia. In addition, our results suggest that the anti-apoptotic effects of YGY-E are due to its regulation of the balance between Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels.
How to Make Network Nodes Adaptive? (2014)

The current Internet lacks in adaptability fueling the great interest in defining a new network architecture that can meet the needs of a future Internet. One of the prevailing trends in this context is re-splitting the network function into fine granularity build blocks to breaking through the network ossification and realizing the network functional composition for enhancing network adaptability. In our work, we propose a novel adaptive architecture, i.e., ReNet, differing from existing solutions, which re-abstracts the current protocol stack at special location, and decompose the network and transport layers into the atomic capacities which is finer functional building blocks, and open the network core for adding new building blocks. Then, a nonlinear integer optimal problem is formulated for the composition of atomic capacities driven by users' requests, with the proposed algorithm to reach appropriate tradeoff between optimal solution and computation cost. Numerical results demonstrate our algorithm can combine the atomic capacities in a feasible scale between cost and optimization. Finally, we give a proof-of-concept paradigm.
Development of a Synthetic Data Set Generator for Building and Testing Information Discovery Systems (2006)

Data mining research has yielded many significant and useful results such as discovering consumer-spending habits, detecting credit card fraud, and identifying anomalous social behavior. Information discovery and analysis systems (IDAS) extract information from multiple sources of data and use data mining methodologies to identify potential significant events and relationships. This research designed and developed a tool called IDAS data and scenario generator (IDSG) to facilitate the creation, testing and training of IDAS. IDSG focuses on building a synthetic data generation engine powerful and flexible enough to generate synthetic data based on complex semantic graphs
Single-Event Charge Collection and Upset in 40-nm Dual- and Triple-Well Bulk CMOS SRAMs (2011)

CMOS technologies can be either dual-well or triple-well. Triple-well technology has several advantages compared to dual-well technology in terms of electrical performance. Differences in the ion-induced single-event response between these two technology options, however, are not well understood. This paper presents a comparative analysis of heavy ion-induced upsets in dual-well and triple-well 40-nm CMOS SRAMs. Primary factors affecting the charge-collection mechanisms for a wide range of particle energies are investigated, showing that triple-well technologies are more vulnerable to low-LET particles, while dual-well technologies are more vulnerable to high-LET particles. For the triple-well technology, charge confinement and multiple-transistor charge collection triggers the “Single Event Upset Reversal” mechanism that reduces sensitivity at higher LETs.
Covalent Attachment for Surface Enhancement of Lanthanide Emission (2007)

We have used functionalized disulfide organic precursors for covalent linkage of labeled fluorophore to silver nanoparticles in solution. This approach is meant to optimize surface-fluorophore separation for plasmon enhancement applications in biological assay.
Use of Recovery Biomarkers to Calibrate Nutrient Consumption Self-Reports in the Women's Health Initiative (2008)

Underreporting of energy consumption by self-report is well-recognized, but previous studies using recovery biomarkers have not been sufficiently large to establish whether participant characteristics predict misreporting. In 2004-2005, 544 participants in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial completed a doubly labeled water protocol (energy biomarker), 24-hour urine collection (protein biomarker), and self-reports of diet (assessed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)), exercise, and lifestyle habits; 111 women repeated all procedures after 6 months. Using linear regression, the authors estimated associations of participant characteristics with misreporting, defined as the extent to which the log ratio (self-reported FFQ/nutritional biomarker) was less than zero. Intervention women in the trial underreported energy intake by 32% (vs. 27% in the comparison arm) and protein intake by 15% (vs. 10%). Younger women had more underreporting of energy (p = 0.02) and protein (p = 0.001), while increasing body mass index predicted increased underreporting of energy and overreporting of percentage of energy derived from protein (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Blacks and Hispanics underreported more than did Caucasians. Correlations of initial measures with repeat measures (n = 111) were 0.72, 0.70, 0.46, and 0.64 for biomarker energy, FFQ energy, biomarker protein, and FFQ protein, respectively. Recovery biomarker data were used in regression equations to calibrate self-reports; the potential application of these equations to disease risk modeling is presented. The authors confirm the existence of systematic bias in dietary self-reports and provide methods of correcting for measurement error.
Elastic urban video surveillance system using edge computing (2017)

During the past decade, the concepts and applications of Internet of Things (IoT) are pervasively propagated to the academia and industries. The widely distributed IoT devices contribute to building an effective smart urban surveillance system, which manages the regular operations and handles emergencies. The real time monitoring uploads massive amounts of data to the backbone network and requires prompt feedbacks. The recent rapid development of "Edge Computing" (also called "Fog Computing" or Mobile Edge Computing in different literature) aims at pushing the computation and storage resources from the remote data center to the edge of network for reducing the burden of backbone and the computing latency In this paper, we design a three-tier edge computing system architecture to elastically adjust computing capacity and dynamically route data to proper edge servers for the real-time surveillance applications. A system prototype integrating Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is implemented in an OpenStack based virtualization environment. Moreover, we introduce schemes of resource reallocation and workload balance in urgent situations. Experimental results of the prototype show the great potentials of using edge computing for future large-scale and distributed smart urban surveillance applications.
Dietary fats and the skin and coat of dogs (2007)

Vet Med Today: Timely Topics in Nutrition 1641 P owners often perceive skin and coat condition as an indicator of the optimal nutrition and well-being of their animals. Although several dietary factors are important in this regard, the EFAs have a critical role. Indeed, one of the hallmarks of EFA deficiency in animals is a matted coat and unkempt appearance. Other clinical signs of EFA deficiency include poor growth; infertility; a thin, discolored coat; scaly skin; sebaceous gland hypertrophy with increased viscosity of sebum; increase in epidermal turnover rate; increase in DNA synthesis in keratinocytes; weak cutaneous blood vessels that are easily ruptured; decrease in wound healing; and increase in transepidermal water loss. Thus, providing dietary EFAs ensures fluidity of membranes, helps maintain the cutaneous water permeability barrier, and supplies fatty acid precursors of eicosanoids and other important physiologic mediators for cell function, all of which contribute in some manner to health of the skin and coat. The epidermal water barrier function of skin depends on the LA (18:2n-6) content of the cellular phospholipid fraction known as ceramides. In normal healthy skin, ceramides containing LA are extruded as intercellular lamellar granules from epidermal keratinocytes, which enhances cell cohesion and imparts the epidermis with an effective water barrier. Because LA is directly involved, many instances of dry, dull coats and scaly, nonpruritic skin disorders in dogs generally respond to dietary inclusion of vegetable oil supplements rich in this fatty acid. Little information has been published on the effects that EFA supplementation beyond a minimal requirement has to improve the skin and coat when there is no preexisting deficiency. Nonetheless, there is considerable interest in optimizing lipid nutrition in dogs by choosing an appropriate dietary balance of fatty acids. Studies in dogs have revealed that composition of fatty acids in serum and cutaneous tissues can be modified by dietary supplementation. In 1 study, investigators evaluated the effects of feeding a diet that contained increased amounts of ALA for 56 days and found that there was relative enrichment of the content of this fatty acid in serum and skin samples. In addition, significantly lower transepidermal water loss and Dietary fats and the skin and coat of dogs
Workforce Analytics in Teleworking (2021)

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the interest in new software tools to monitor the computer-based activities of employees working remotely (teleworking), and the demand for better analytics functionalities to be offered, focusing on employees’ performance and work-life balance. In this paper, we aim to analyze the habits of teleworking employees based on their interaction with the computer: how the employees are involved in different types of activities (actual work, recreation, documentation), and which are the most intensive periods. A conceptual framework for workforce analytics was developed for this purpose, together with tools and applications, that can provide useful information on different categories of activities where employees are involved. Knowledge generation is performed in four phases: collecting, processing, organizing, and analyzing the data to create valuable insights for the organization. Based on this framework, we developed a case study in an IT company, where two categories of employees, developers and software consultants, were monitored for 114 days, with 3.5 million events being generated and processed. The results showed different habits for consultants and developers, in terms of working activity structure, working schedule, inactivity time and interaction with the computer. Differences were also identified when we compared our results with previous research that monitored software developers working in-house: remote workers tend to organize their program for a longer period during the workday, and spend less time on meetings but longer time for programming. On the other hand, both categories of employees (in-house and teleworkers) show highly fragmented work, switching windows after very short periods of activity, with a potential negative impact on productivity, progress on tasks, and quality of output. The research results can be used in future employee productivity studies when searching answers to a fundamental question for workforce analytics – why are some employees more productive than others?
A high-Q in-plane SOI tuning fork gyroscope (2006)

This paper presents the design and implementation of an in-plane solid-mass single-crystal silicon tuning fork gyro that has the potential of attaining sub-deg/hr rate resolutions. A design is devised to achieve high Q in the drive and sense resonant modes (Q/sub drive/=81,000 and Q/sub sense/=64,000) with effective mode decoupling. The gyroscope was fabricated on 40 /spl mu/m thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) using a simple two-mask process. The drive and sense resonant modes were balanced electrostatically to within 0.07% of each other and the measured rate results show a sensitivity of 1.25 mV//spl deg//s in a bandwidth of 12 Hz.
The combined effect of very low nicotine content cigarettes, used as an adjunct to usual Quitline care (nicotine replacement therapy and behavioural support), on smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial (2012)

Addition of very low nicotine content cigarettes to standard Quitline smoking cessation support may help some smokers to become abstinent.
Towards XNA nanotechnology: new materials from synthetic genetic polymers (2014)

Nucleic acids display remarkable properties beyond information storage and propagation. The well-understood base pairing rules have enabled nucleic acids to be assembled into nanostructures of ever increasing complexity. Although nanostructures can be constructed using other building blocks, including peptides and lipids, it is the capacity to evolve that sets nucleic acids apart from all other nanoscale building materials. Nonetheless, the poor chemical and biological stability of DNA and RNA constrain their applications. Recent advances in nucleic acid chemistry and polymerase engineering enable the synthesis, replication, and evolution of a range of synthetic genetic polymers (XNAs) with improved chemical and biological stability. We discuss the impact of this technology on the generation of XNA ligands, enzymes, and nanostructures with tailor-made chemistry.
Reduction of interface hydrogen content by partially ionized beam deposition technique (1988)

Hydrogen content at the Al/Si interface of samples with Al films deposited by conventional means and by a partially ionized beam (PIB) was measured using 1H(15N,αγ)12C nuclear resonance reaction. We observed that samples with PIB-deposited Al film exhibited significantly lower hydrogen concentration at the Al/Si in interface than that of the sample deposited by conventional means. The results demonstrated the ability of the PIB technique to perform interface self-cleaning, at least for hydrogen contaminant.
Towards Static Analysis of Virtualization-Obfuscated Binaries (2012)

Virtualization-obfuscation protects a program from manual or automated analysis by compiling it into byte code for a randomized virtual architecture and attaching a corresponding interpreter. Static analysis appears to be helpless on such programs, where only the code of the interpreter is directly visible. In this paper, we explain the particular challenges for statically analyzing the combination of interpreter and byte code. Static analysis for computing possible variable values is commonly precise only to the program location. In the interpreter loop, however, this combines unrelated data flow information from different locations of the byte code program. To avoid this loss of information, we show how to lift an existing static analysis to an additional dimension of location, to become sensitive to the value of the virtual program counter. Thus, the static analysis merges data flow from equal byte code locations only. We lift an existing analysis implemented in the Jakstab static analyzer and present preliminary results for processing a virtualization-obfuscated binary.
Structure of the Cytochrome b <sub>6</sub> f Complex of Oxygenic Photosynthesis: Tuning the Cavity (2003)

The cytochrome b6f complex provides the electronic connection between the photosystem I and photosystem II reaction centers of oxygenic photosynthesis and generates a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient for adenosine triphosphate synthesis. A 3.0 angstrom crystal structure of the dimeric b6f complex from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus reveals a large quinone exchange cavity, stabilized by lipid, in which plastoquinone, a quinone-analog inhibitor, and a novel heme are bound. The core of the b6f complex is similar to the analogous respiratory cytochrome bc1 complex, but the domain arrangement outside the core and the complement of prosthetic groups are strikingly different. The motion of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein extrinsic domain, essential for electron transfer, must also be different in the b6f complex.
Data base or data maze? An exploration of entry points (1968)

What is a data base? An answer to this question could go something like this: “a collection of data, organized in some fashion, which is both the source and the repository of its creators' knowledge of a given topic”. A library can be a data base; so can a filing cabinet, or a general ledger. However, the current discussion deals primarily with computerized data bases, consisting of individually accessible elements stored on random access storage devices.
Binary sub-wavelength diffractive lenses with long focal depth and high transverse resolution (2008)

This study explores two-dimensional binary sub-wavelength diffractive lenses (BSDLs) for implementing long focal depth and high transverse resolution based on the rigorous electromagnetic theory and the finite-difference time-domain method. Focusing performances, such as the actual focal depth, the ratio between the focal depth of the designed BSDL and the focal depth of the conventional sub-wavelength lens and the spot size of the central lobe at the actual focal plane, for different f-numbers, have been studied in the case of TE incidence polarization wave. The rigorous numerical results indicate that the designed BSDLs indeed have long focal depth and high transverse resolution by modulating the binary sub-wavelength characteristic sizes. Because BSDLs have the ability for monolithic integration and can require only single step fabrication, the investigations may provide useful information for BSDLs' application in micro-optical systems.
Comparative Study of Fatty Acid Composition and Characterization of Fixed Oil of Four Peanut Varieties Available in Pakistan (2005)

four varieties of ground nut (Arechis hypogea) were collected from different areas of Pakistan (Tillagang, Gujar khan, Hanoi and Pipplan) from Punjab province. The oils were extracted for the evaluation of lipid. Physico-chemical values of oils were determined like refractive index, peroxide value, unsaponifiable matter, acid value, iodine value, free fatty acid and ester value. The lipid profile as indicated by GLC showed that Palmitic acid ranged from 8.2-8.8%, proportions of oleic acid and linoleic acid varied from 57.8-59.87% and 22.5-24.1% respectively. Gujar khan variety of peanut has higher % age of oil (56.79). The higher yield of oil in this variety is not at the cost of any nutritional quality of peanut oil.
Development of a Direct-Drive Robot and Evaluation of Its Control Performance (1983)

A direct-drive arm is a new mechanical arm in which the shafts of articulated joints are directly coupled to the rotors of motors with high torque. Since the arm does not contain any gears and transmission mechanisms between the motors and their loads, the drive systems have no backlash, small friction and high mechanical stiffness, all of them are desirable for fast, accurate and versatile robots. First, we describe the prototype robot we have developed, and the characteristics of the arm is compared with conventional indirect-drive arms. Second, we discuss a basic feedback control for single-link drive systems in frequency domain. Third, we apply a feedforword compensation to the control of m.d.o.f. motion in order to compensate interactions among multiple links, and Coriolis, centrifugal and gravity forces. Finally, the steady-state characteristics are discussed with respect to servo stiffness and positioning accuracy. The experiments show excellent performances of the direct-dirve arm in terms of speed and accuracy. Throughout the paper comparison with indirect-dirve methods is made to contrast the advantage of the direct-drive method.
On optical phonons and elasticity in the hcp transition metals Fe, Ru and Re at high pressure (2001)

The frequencies of the transverse-optical Γ-point phonon were determined for the hexagonal transition metals Fe, Ru and Re by high-pressure Raman spectroscopy up to 60 GPa. Comparison is made with available theoretical frequency-data. The elastic shear constants C44, determined from the Raman frequencies, are consistent with ultrasonic low-pressure data and theoretical high-pressure data and do not support the high-pressure data obtained from lattice-strain experiments.
Error correcting coding of a 220 Mbit/s coherent optical communication channel (1990)

Coherent optical communication systems that employ semiconductor lasers have exhibited degraded performance caused by laser phase noise. A rate 1/2, constraint length of seven, convolutional code with hard decision, Viterbi decoding has been applied to an experimental 220 Mbit/s optical FSK channel. Code testing has demonstrated the ability to improve system efficiency and significantly reduce the effect of laser linewidth on bit error rate performance, verifying prior theoretical work.
Pain relief of oral ulcer by dibucaine-film (1999)

A water-soluble three-layered oral mucosa-adhesive film made from hydroxypropyl cellulose containing dibucaine (0.25 mg of drug/cm(2)) was designed for alleviation of severe pain due to oral ulcers, caused by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. We report two patients with constant severe pain ulcers treated with the dibucaine film. Patients were asked to record the time that pain was relieved while chewing following first application of the film. Pain relief lasted for 2-5 h after application of the dibucaine film.
Helium Continuum Light Source for Photoelectric Scanning in the 600–1100 Å Region (1963)

An intense Hopfield continuum having relatively stable average intensity with time, few superimposed emission lines, and low scattered light, has been obtained in the 600–1100 Å region from a helium gas discharge. A mild condensed gas discharge produces the continuum at an optimum pressure of about 40 mm Hg. The discharge circuit contains an external series spark gap, which is air blown and irradiated with a mercury lamp to improve its stability. After warm-up, the slow drift in intensity of the system over 4 hr is about 3%. Details of construction and operation are discussed, and initial results showing the use of this source to obtain absorption coefficients of gases by photoelectric scanning are presented.
Ionic Conductivity Induced by Photooxidation of Ferrocene in Polymer Film Containing Organotin Compound (1993)

Abstract Ionic conductivity of poly(ethyl methacrylate) film containing photooxidizable dibutylferrocene and bromotributylstannane was induced by UV light irradiation in contact with the anion-conducting polymer film containing a cobaltocemum salt. The enhanced ionic conductivity decreased in the dark.