gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural histopathology of human olfactory dysfunction (1992)

Abstract This paper presents electron‐microscopic observations on biopsies of the olfactory mucosae of several classes of patients with smell disorders: 1) patients with loss of smell function following head injury (post‐traumatic anosmics or hyposmics); 2) patients with loss of smell function following severe head colds and/or sinus infections (post‐viral olfactory dysfunction, or PVOD); and 3) patients that have lacked smell function since birth (congenital anosmics). Of these, the traumatic anosmics' olfactory epithelia were quite disorganized; the orderly arrangement of supporting cells, ciliated olfactory receptor neurons, microvillar cells, and basal cells was disrupted. Although many somata of ciliated olfactory receptors were present, few of their dendrites reached the epithelial surface. The few olfactory vesicles present usually lacked olfactory cilia. The postviral anosmics, too, had a greatly reduced number of intact ciliated olfactory receptor neurons, and most of those present were aciliate. The post‐viral hyposmics had a larger population of intact, ciliated olfactory receptor cells. In the seven cases of congenital anosmia studied, no biopsies of olfactory epithelium were obtained, indicating the olfactory epithelium is either absent—or greatly reduced in area—in these individuals. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The palladium-mediated cross-coupling of bromotropolones with organostannanes; application to concise syntheses of β-dolabrin, β-thujaplicin, 7-methoxy-4-isopropyltropolone, and β-thujaplicinol (1989)

The bromotropolones (1), (2), and (3) cross-couple with organostannanes in the presence of palladium(0) to produce alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl substituted tropolones; the methodology has been applied to the synthesis of the monoterpenes β-dolabrin (4), β-thujaplicin (5), 7-methoxy-4-isopropyltropolone (7), and β-thujaplicinol (8).
Promoting the Peaceful Atom (2012)

This introductory chapter outlines how President Dwight D. Eisenhower proposed a more benign use for nuclear explosives, calling it Atoms for Peace. His proposal caught the attention of scientists at the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and the University of California's Radiation Laboratory. Together, they developed a program called Project Plowshare. Those who support the program argue that “peaceful nuclear explosions,” or PNEs, could excavate harbors and canals, stimulate the production of gas and oil, provide storage facilities for water or fuel, help gain access to deeply buried ores, enhance power production, and generate new atomic elements and isotopes for general use. Plowshare survived as long as it did and received the funding it did despite intense, widespread opposition. In that respect, Project Plowshare is a story of the power of an idea—one advertised as innovative and beneficial to the United States, if not the world.
Histone deacetylase inhibition promotes fibroblast apoptosis and ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis in mice (2014)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease, and therapeutic agents have shown only modest efficacy. Epigenetic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF. The histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), has been approved for clinical use in cancer; however, its potential efficacy in modulating fibroblast survival and lung fibrosis has not been extensively investigated. We investigated the effects of SAHA on apoptosis of primary IPF myofibroblasts and on injury-induced lung fibrosis in a murine model. SAHA-induced apoptosis of IPF myofibroblasts, an effect that was mediated, at least in part, by upregulation of the pro-apoptotic gene Bak and downregulation of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL. Alterations in the expression of these apoptosis-related genes were associated with histone modifications and changes in DNA methylation. In addition to the expected higher levels of histone acetylation in treated cells, we also detected changes in other histone modifications, such as histone methylation. In a murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, SAHA-treated mice displayed decreased lung fibrosis and improved lung function compared to the bleomycin only group. These results suggest that histone deacetylase inhibitors may offer a new therapeutic strategy in IPF by modulating myofibroblast susceptibility to apoptosis.
An improved method for determining the flow characteristics of prosthetic mitral heart valves (1971)

The flow characteristics of most prosthetic mitral valves recommended for clinical use have not been adequately investigated. As a result vital information about their performance is lacking and, until this is published, comparisons between different prostheses cannot easily be made. In this paper the design and construction of a suitable rig for the testing of such valves is described. The results obtained will be presented in a subsequent paper.
Evaluation of Epothilone B Analog in Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A Phase II Study of the Phase II Consortium (2005)

BMS-247550 has limited activity against STSs when given in this dose and schedule. The clinical toxicity is similar to that of taxanes.
Comment: Linear, electronically tunable resistor (1993)

For the original article see ibid., vol.28, no.25, p.2303-5 (1992). A method to linearise the channel of a MOSFET by applying appropriate bias voltages across its gate and body (both considered as resistors) has recently been published by the commenters. They would like to add one paper by R.W. Coen and R.S. Muller (see Solid State Electron. vol.23, p.35-40, 1980) to the list of References; in that paper, the application of bias across a resistive gate has been reported as part of a procedure for measuring carrier velocity. >
The Decomposition Potentials and Conductivities of Magnesium Oxide and of the Alkaline Earths in Fused Fluorides (1935)

The decomposition potentials of saturated solutions of (1) magnesium oxide in a fused bath of magnesium, barium and sodium fluorides ; of (2) calcium oxide in calcium and sodium fluorides; of (3) strontium oxide in strontium and sodium fluorides ; and of (4) barium oxide in barium and sodium fluorides are measured with platinum and with graphite anodes at temperatures between 900° and 1,100° C. The deplorization by graphite is given by the difference between these decomposition voltages. Depolarization is calculated by the third heat theorem and also by the Nernst equation for an oxygen concentration cell. The calculations agree to 0.01 volt ; the measurements do not extend beyond this place of figures. In the cases of magnesium oxide and of calcium oxide, the experimental decomposition voltages agree to within a few hundredths of a volt with the calculated values. This agreement shows the oxides are decomposed primarily and not by secondary reactions. Decomposition potentials decrease linearly with rise in temperature in all cases. Thermodynamic calculations could not be carried out for barium oxide and for strontium oxide for lack of specific heat data at high temperatures. The electrical conductivities of the above solutions are determined to 0.5 per cent for varying oxide concentrations and for different temperatures. The conductivity varies linearly with the temperature except for the more concentrated solutions of strontium and barium oxides. In general the effect of adding oxide is to lower the conductivity of the solution, though with calcium and strontium oxides small additions cause a rise in conductivity. A new constant temperature regulator capable of maintaining temperatures to within one degree was constructed; it is described in the thesis on file in the library at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A new technique was developed for measuring the electrical conductivity of such corrosive fused salts, which can not be held at high temperatures in conductivity cells made of electrically insulating material. These resistances are measured by an adaptation of the Carey‐Foster method to a 1,000‐cycle alternating current measurement of electrical conductivities in the neighborhood of 0.1 ohm or less. This method eliminates errors due to lead resistances and spurious electromotive forces.
The Evaluation of Energy Efficiency of Apartment Units after Conversion of Balconies into an Integrated Part of Interior Living Space by Computing with ECO2 Software (2016)

Purpose: International efforts to save Earth’s environment against global warming and environmental pollution have been made in many countries. Energy consumption of buildings has been continuously increasing, and it has been over 40% of total energy consumption in the world. Energy consumption of buildings in Korea reaches 24% of total energy consumption. So, Korea government has executed building energy rating systems to control energy consumption of buildings. Method: This study was carried out to evaluate the energy performance of apartment unit plans according to converting balconies into living areas. For the study, six types of input models were made. Two input models(SP1 and SP 2) were the standard units that balcony areas were not converted into living areas, and four ones(EP 1, EP 2, EP 3 and EP 4) were the extended unit plans that balcony areas were turned into living areas. All of them were simulated with ECO2 software to assess building energy efficiency. Result: According to the results, the energy performance of the EP 2 and EP 4 models were 21. 8% higher than SP 1 model and 9.2% higher than SP 2 model.
ChemInform Abstract: LYSOSOMOTROPIC AGENTS. 1. SYNTHESIS AND CYTOTOXIC ACTION OF LYSOSOMOTROPIC DETERGENTS (1980)

Abstract Auf den im Formelschema skizzierten Wegen werden Amine (IV), (VI), (VIII) und (XI)‐(XIII) in Ausbeuten von 31 ‐ 96% synthetisiert.
Rapid Melting Curve Analysis on Monolayered Beads for High-Throughput Genotyping of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (2006)

This report describes a rapid solid-phase melting curve analysis method for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. The melting curve analysis is based on dynamic allele-specific hybridization (DASH). The DNA duplexes are conjugated on beads that are immobilized on the surface of a microheater chip with integrated heaters and temperature sensors. SNP on PCR products were scored, illustrating the sensitivity and robustness of the system. The method is based on random bead immobilization by microcontact printing. Single-bead detection and multiplexing were performed with a heating rate more than 20 times faster than conventional DASH. Analyses that took more than 15 min could be performed in less that 1 min, enabling ultrarapid SNP analysis. In addition, an array version of the chip was implemented enabling the preparation of an array of bead arrays for high-throughput and rapid SNP genotyping.
Abstract 5146: Increasing penetration of anticancer drugs through sortilin receptor-mediated cancer therapy: A new targeted and personalized Approach in the treatment of ovarian cancer (2017)

Abstract The development of personalized therapies against ovarian cancer remains highly challenging in current modern oncology. One way to achieve greater selectivity and better anticancer drug delivery into cancer cells is to conjugate cytotoxic agents to specific peptide ligands that will selectively target receptors abundantly and/or exclusively expressed on these cells. Increased expression of Sortilin, a scavenging receptor, has been clinically observed in several human cancers including breast, prostate, colon, pancreas, skin, and pituitary. In particular, Sortilin has also been reported to be overexpressed in ovarian cancers as compared to non-malignant ovarian tissue. In light of this, we developed a peptide conjugation platform using a new Sortilin receptor-mediated vectorization strategy to increase cell targeting selectivity and cell delivery efficacy of anticancer agents. As a proof-of-concept, Doxorubicin was conjugated to peptide sequences, termed Katana peptides (KA). In vitro, significantly increased Sortilin mediated intracellular delivery of the Doxorubicin-Katana peptide conjugate (DoxKA) was observed in SKOV3 and ES-2 ovarian cancer cell line models, with conserved efficient Doxorubicin cytotoxic mechanism. Uptake of DoxKA in ES-2 ovarian cancer cells was reduced when Sortilin expression was specifically silenced by using siRNA or upon competition with the Sortilin ligands neurotensin and progranulin. In addition, DoxKA was found to bypass the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump since, in contrast to Doxorubicin uptake in MDCK-MDR1 cells overexpressing the P-gp efflux pump, the uptake of DoxKA was unaffected by the P-gp inhibitor Cyclosporin A. In vivo, DoxKA was better tolerated and caused a more potent inhibition of human ovarian tumor xenografts growth than did Doxorubicin alone. These results provide strong evidence for the potential of this drug development platform in the generation of novel personalized therapeutics with specific targeting of SORT1-positive cancer cells. Citation Format: Michel Demeule, Jean-Christophe Curie, Alain Larocque, Cyndia Charfi, Richard Béliveau, Claude Vezeau, Borhane Annabi. Increasing penetration of anticancer drugs through sortilin receptor-mediated cancer therapy: A new targeted and personalized Approach in the treatment of ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5146. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5146
Laser Spectroscopy and Frequency Combs (2013)

The spectrum of a frequency comb, commonly generated by a mode-locked femtosecond laser consists of several hundred thousand precisely evenly spaced spectral lines. Such laser frequency combs have revolutionized the art measuring the frequency of light, and they provide the long-missing clockwork for optical atomic clocks. The invention of the frequency comb technique has been motivated by precision laser spectroscopy of the simple hydrogen atom. The availability of commercial instruments is facilitating the evolution of new applications far beyond the original purpose. Laser combs are becoming powerful instruments for broadband molecular spectroscopy by dramatically improving the resolution and recording speed of Fourier spectrometers and by creating new opportunities for highly multiplexed nonlinear spectroscopy, such as two-photon spectroscopy or coherent Raman spectroscopy. Other emerging applications of frequency combs range from fundamental research in astronomy, chemistry, or attosecond science to telecommunications and satellite navigation.
RAFT Nano‐constructs: surfing to biological applications (2007)

Biologically programmed molecular recognition provides the basis of all natural systems and supplies evolution-optimized functional materials from self-assembly of a limited number of molecular building blocks. Biomolecules such as peptides, nucleic acids and carbohydrates represent a diverse supply of structural building blocks for the chemist to design and fabricate new functional nanostructured architectures. In this context, we review here the chemistry we have developed to conjugate peptides with nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and organic molecules, as well as combinations thereof using a template-assembled approach. With this methodology, we have prepared new integrated functional systems exhibiting designed properties in the field of nanovectors, biosensors as well as controlled peptide self-assembly. Thus this molecular engineering approach allows for the rational design of systems with integrated tailor-made properties and paves the way to more elaborate applications by bottom-up design in the domain of nanobiosciences.
Cu(InGa)Se<sub>2</sub> Thin-film Solar Cells with High Resistivity ZnO Buffer Layers Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (1999)

The aim of our experiments is to improve the performance of Cd-free ZnO/Cu(InGa)Se 2 solar cells using a high-resistivity ZnO buffer layer. Buffer layers were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using diethylzinc (DEZn) and H 2 O as reactant gases. The structural and electrical properties of the ZnO films on glass substrates were characterized. A high resistivity of more than 10 3 Ω·cm and a transmittance of above 80% in the visible range were obtained. We focused on determining the optimum deposition parameters for the ALD-ZnO buffer layer. Results indicate that the thickness and resistivity of the ALD-ZnO buffer layer, as well as the heat treatment prior to the deposition of the buffer layer, affect the device characteristics. The best efficiency obtained with an ALD-ZnO buffer layer of solar cells without an antireflective coating was 12.1%. The reversible light soaking effect was observed in these devices.
Breastfeeding--evidence based guidelines for the use of medicines. (2011)

Breastfeeding women typically use relatively few medicines, and generally these are compatible with breastfeeding. If other medicines are required, information on their safety during breastfeeding can be accessed from pharmacy departments at maternity hospitals or from online resources.
A Simple Algorithm for Nuclear Norm Regularized Problems (2010)

Optimization problems with a nuclear norm regularization, such as e.g. low norm matrix factorizations, have seen many applications recently. We propose a new approximation algorithm building upon the recent sparse approximate SDP solver of (Hazan, 2008). The experimental efficiency of our method is demonstrated on large matrix completion problems such as the Netflix dataset. The algorithm comes with strong convergence guarantees, and can be interpreted as a first theoretically justified variant of Simon-Funk-type SVD heuristics. The method is free of tuning parameters, and very easy to parallelize. 1.
Effects of filler composition and surface treatment on the characteristics of opaque resin composites (2001)

The effects of filler composition and surface treatment of titanium dioxide (TiO2) on the shear bond strength to noble metal and mechanical properties of opaque dental resin composites were assessed. A series of fillers for resin composites were prepared with untreated TiO2 or treated silica/alumina-coated TiO2 with silane coupling agent; these fillers were replaced with silanized SiO2 in increasing amounts. Each of various powder compositions were mixed with the liquid and applied to the surface of a silver-palladium-copper-gold (Ag-Pd-Cu-Au) alloy and light cured. A light-activated resin-veneering composite material was placed on top with the use of a brass ring mold and light cured. Specimens were stored at 37 °C in water for a period of 24 h. Additionally some specimens were thermocycled at 4 °C and 60 °C in water baths for 1 min each for 5000 cycles before shear mode testing was performed. Light-activated opaque resin composites containing filler with specific filler compositions of 50 wt% of untreated TiO2—50 wt% of silanized SiO2 (untreated TiO250) and 40 wt% of untreated TiO2—60 wt% of silanized SiO2 (untreated TiO240) showed higher shear bond strengths to the Ag-Pd-Cu-Au alloy than any other specific compositions when no thermocycling was involved. Surface treatment of TiO2 filler and TiO250- and TiO240-opaque resin composites prepared thereof showed significantly higher shear bond strengths than untreated TiO250- and TiO240-opaque resin composites when subjected to thermocycling. Surface-treated opaque resin composite had significantly higher compressive and flexural strength than untreated opaque resin composite after immersion in water for 1 month. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured opaque resin composite surface showed an interface failure between TiO2 and the matrix resin for untreated composite, and cohesive failure within the resin for surface-treated composite. Surface-treated TiO250 and TiO240 may be clinically useful as the filler for light-activated opaque dental resin composites. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 525–530, 2001
Specificity determinants for the abscisic acid response element (2013)

Abscisic acid (ABA) response elements (ABREs) are a group of cis-acting DNA elements that have been identified from promoter analysis of many ABA-regulated genes in plants. We are interested in understanding the mechanism of binding specificity between ABREs and a class of bZIP transcription factors known as ABRE binding factors (ABFs). In this work, we have modeled the homodimeric structure of the bZIP domain of ABRE binding factor 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtABF1) and studied its interaction with ACGT core motif-containing ABRE sequences. We have also examined the variation in the stability of the protein-DNA complex upon mutating ABRE sequences using the protein design algorithm FoldX. The high throughput free energy calculations successfully predicted the ability of ABF1 to bind to alternative core motifs like GCGT or AAGT and also rationalized the role of the flanking sequences in determining the specificity of the protein-DNA interaction.
Prevention from naturally acquired viral respiratory infection by interferon nasal spray. (1985)

Human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha), 50,000 IU per day, was sprayed into the nasal cavity of 73 volunteers twice a day from January 9 till March 4, 1984. The rise in complement fixation antibody titers against influenza A virus was not significantly different between the interferon group and the placebo group. However, the number of subjects without elevated antibody titers and without symptoms in the interferon group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (p less than 0.05). Prophylactic nasal spray of IFN-alpha seems to protect against upper respiratory viral infection.
Statistical motion-based object indexing using optic flow field (2002)

In this paper we propose an original approach for content-based video indexing and retrieval. It relies on the tracking of entities of interest and the analysis of their apparent motion. To characterize the dynamic information attached to these objects, we consider a probabilistic modeling of the spatio-temporal distribution of the optic flow field computed within the tracked area after canceling the estimated dominant motion due to camera movement. This leads to a general statistical framework for motion-based video classification and retrieval. We have obtained promising results on a set of various real image sequences.
Combined Medication of Antiretroviral Drugs Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Emtricitabine, and Raltegravir Reduces Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation In Vivo and In Vitro (2017)

The application of combination antiretroviral therapy has greatly reduced the death rate from AIDS. However, up to 50% of patients on combination antiretroviral therapy develop HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which is associated with residual neuroinflammation and oxidative injury in the brain. Neural stem cells (NSCs) and progenitors play a vital role in repairing neuronal injuries. Therefore, we hypothesize that combination antiretroviral therapy may adversely affect NSCs/progenitors, contributing to the increasing prevalence of HAND. Here, we show that combined medication of three antiretroviral drugs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), emtricitabine (FTC), and raltegravir (RAL) affects NSC homeostasis and progenitor proliferation in the mouse dentate gyrus (DG). Our results also show that TDF/FTC/RAL treatment prohibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of cultured mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs), resulting in a reduction in the viability of NPCs. Moreover, we find that TDF, among the three drugs used in this combination antiretroviral treatment, accounts for most of the effects on neural progenitors. Together, our results offer a mechanistic explanation for the prevalence of HAND in AIDS patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy.