gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformal ion implantation using pulsed plasma sources (1999)

Operation of plasma implantation equipment at currents of several hundred amperes has been achieved with high density (1011–1012/cc) pulsed plasma sources. These currents have lead to inferred sheath dimensions in the 1–2 cm range. The equipment, results, and analysis are described here in detail.
Opal and Inverse Opal Fabricated with a Flow-Controlled Vertical Deposition Method (2005)

In this work, an improved vertical deposition method, namely, a flow-controlled vertical deposition (FCVD) method, was used to grow colloidal crystals with large spherical colloids in water solvent and to infiltrate the colloidal crystals. Using the FCVD method, latex spheres as large as 2 microm can be fabricated into colloidal crystals in water. In addition, the method works very well for controlling surface morphologies of silica-infiltrated opals. Furthermore, fabrication of colloidal crystal heterostructures was demonstrated.
Production of Microporous Media by Phase Inversion Processes (1985)

The majority of todays membranes used in microfiltration, dialysis or ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis are prepared from a homogeneous polymer solution by a technique referred to as phase inversion. Phase inversion can be achieved by solvent evaporation, non-solvent precipitation and thermal gelation. Phase separation processes can not only be applied to a large number of polymers but also to glasses and metal alloys and the proper selection of the various process parameters leads to different membranes with defined structures and mass transport properties. In this paper the fundamentals of membrane preparation by phase inversion processes and the effect of different preparation parameters on membrane structures and transport properties are discussed, and problems utilizing phase inversion techniques for a large scale production of membranes are specified.
Formulation development of SYN-004 (ribaxamase) oral solid dosage form, a β-lactamase to prevent intravenous antibiotic-associated dysbiosis of the colon (2017)

SYN-004 (ribaxamase) delayed release drug product is a multi-particulate, hard capsule for oral delivery of a recombinant β-lactamase enzyme designed to degrade β-lactam antibiotics administered intravenously, and thus prevent colon dysbiosis. Here we describe the development of the SYN-004 enteric coated pellet formulation, which has been tested in multiple clinical trials. Since the SYN-004 drug substance is a buffered liquid, several binder excipients in different ratios were tested to facilitate binding of SYN-004 to sugar spheres. The binding systems were evaluated by droplet pre-evaluation and film casting tests. The most promising formulations were produced in small scale fluidized bed application runs and analyzed by dissolution tests and complementary analytical assays. Hydroxypropyl cellulose was selected as the preferred SYN-004 binding excipient. The formulation included a second, outer coat containing the enteric EUDRAGIT<sup>®</sup> L 30 D-55 polymer-based formulation to achieve gastric protection, and rapid SYN-004 release in the intestinal tract, when the pH rises above 5.5. Additional formulation improvements resulted in an increase in the SYN-004 load compared to a predecessor oral enzyme formulation (Ipsat P1A). Thus, a novel formulation and process for an orally administered enzyme was developed and used to manufacture drug product for clinical trials.
Synthesis and Utilization of Nitroalkyne Equivalents in Batch and Continuous Flow (2017)

We report a method for overcoming the low stability of nitroalkynes through the development of nitrated vinyl silyltriflate equivalents. Because of their instability, nitroalkynes have only rarely been utilized in synthesis. The reactivity of these silyltriflates, which are prepared in situ, is exemplified by dipolar cycloaddition reactions with nitrones to give highly substituted 4-nitro-4-isoxazolines in high yields. This approach has proven general for several different alkyl and aryl substituted alkynes. In order to minimize the accumulation of potentially hazardous reaction intermediates, we have also developed a continuous flow variant of this method that is capable of carrying out the entire reaction sequence in a good yield and a short residence time.
Frequency Synthesizers-A Survey of Techniques (1969)

A general survey is given of the different synthesizer techniques with emphasis on the application in communication equipment. After enumeration of the fundamental concepts of addition and multiplication, the different systems are examined and classified. This leads to the conclusion that for high requirements of spectral purity of the output signal, electronic tuning, solid-state design, and microminiaturization, the loop systems are very attractive. Some applications of synthesizers in HF communications are treated.
Ultrastructural and Chemical Alteration of the Cell Envelope of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> , Associated with Resistance to Ethylenediaminetetraacetate Resulting from Growth in a Mg <sup>2+</sup> -Deficient Medium (1974)

Cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa became resistant to the lytic effect of ethylenediametetraacetate (EDTA) when grown in a Mg(2+)-deficient medium. To correlate ultrastructural changes in the cell wall associated with the shift to EDTA-resistance, a freeze-etch study was performed. Upon fracturing, the outer cell wall membrane split down the hydrophobic center to reveal the outer (concave) and inner (convex) layers. The concave cell wall layer of EDTA-sensitive cells grown in Mg(2+)-sufficient medium contained spherical units resting on an underlying smooth support layer. Upon EDTA treatment, approximately one-half of these spherical units were extracted. Cells grown in Mg(2+)-deficient medium were resistant to EDTA. The concave cell wall layer of EDTA-resistant cells had increased numbers of highly compacted spherical units, giving this layer a disorganized appearance. The highly compacted appearance of this layer was unaltered by EDTA treatment. Thus, growth in Mg(2+)-deficient medium resulted in cells which were resistant to EDTA and which possessed an ultrastructurally altered outer layer of the outer cell wall membrane. Cell envelopes from EDTA-resistant cells were found to possess 18% less phosphorus, 16.4% more total carbohydrate, and 13.3% more 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate than cell envelopes from EDTA-sensitive cells. There were also qualitative, but not quantitative, differences in the protein content of cell envelopes from EDTA-resistant and EDTA-sensitive cells.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of quantum well infrared photoconductor in long-wavelength infrared (2011)

Optimum quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) structure parameters such as well width and barrier height for a given peak detection wavelength of 8 μm were designed, based on which GaAs/AlGaAs material with designed structure was grown and single element QWIP devices were fabricated. In order to accurately calculate the optimum QWIP structure parameters including well width, barrier height and doping density etc., we took into account higher order effects such as band nonparabolicity in our calculations. One band effective mass approximation was employed in modeling and shooting method was used in calculation. We fabricated three kinds of QWIP samples that have 20, 40 and 60 periods of quantum wells respectively. I-V characteristic curves and photoresponse at different temperature were measured to characterize the detectors. A peak detectivity of 8×10<sup>10</sup> cmHz<sup>1/2</sup>/W was demonstrated by one of our QWIP devices. Besides, the varying performance of the three samples due to the different repeats of wells is discussed in this paper.
Increase of adhesive bond strength through the mechanochemical creation of free radicals: I (1976)

Abstract A new technique for improving the strength of bonded joints between various materials and different adhesives is described. Increased strength was obtained by mechanical Surface Activation Beneath Reactive Adhesives (SABRA). This technique results in higher bond energies due to the creation of free radicals. The surfaces were activated by abrasion with emery paper in the presence of the adhesive itself (epoxy), or of some suitable primer such as methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile (AN) or hydrogen sulfide gas. The effects of this technique were demonstrated by four different methods: 1) Improved wetting of standard epoxy or water drops on the treated surface. 2) Achievement of bond energies between primers and polymeric surfaces exceeding the energy of solution in solvents, which were revealed by attenuated total reflectance infrared. 3) The detection of free radicals created by bond scission during abrasion by means of diphenylpicryl hydrazyl, (DPPH), a free radical scavenger, monitored by spec‐trocolorimetry, 4) Destructive testing of single lap joint test Pieces, scarfed tube joints and pee) test samples. These experiments will be described in a second paper. The theoretical base of the new approach is supported by a tentative estimate of energies set free by mechanochemical creation of free radicals and the excess heat released during abrasion.
Biochemical Investigations of Control of Replication Initiation of Plasmid R6K (2004)

The mechanistic basis of control of replication initiation of plasmid R6K was investigated by addressing the following questions. What are the biochemical attributes of mutations in the pi initiator protein that caused loss of negative control of initiation? Did the primary control involve only initiator protein-ori DNA interaction or did it also involve protein-protein interactions between pi and several host-encoded proteins? Mutations at two different regions of the pi-encoding sequence individually caused some loss of negative control as indicated by a relatively modest increase in copy number. However, combinations of the mutation P42L, which caused loss of DNA looping, with those located in the region between the residues 106 and 113 induced a robust enhancement of copy number. These mutant forms promoted higher levels of replication in vitro in a reconstituted system consisting of 22 purified proteins. The mutant forms of pi were susceptible to pronounced iteron-induced monomerization in comparison with the WT protein. As contrasted with the changes in DNA-protein interaction, we found no detectable differences in protein-protein interaction between wild type pi with DnaA, DnaB helicase, and DnaG primase on one hand and between the high copy mutant forms and the same host proteins on the other. The DnaG-pi interaction reported here is novel. Taken together, the results suggest that both loss of negative control due to iteron-induced monomerization of the initiator and enhanced iteron-initiator interaction appear to be the principal causes of enhanced copy number.
Assessment of useful life of lubricants using artificial neural network (2000)

Most catastrophic failures of machines result from improper lubrication. The cost of lubricants can be up to 10‐12 percent of the production cost an essential part of maintenance management, therefore it is essential that the optimization of lubricants is at the optimum. This paper decribes and considers present practice in lubricant condition monitoring.
Interpretation of Steam Drive Pilots in the Belridge Diatomite (1995)

ABSTRACT The South Belridge Diatomite Field contains more than 2.5 billion barrels of oil-in-place. Current primary and waterflood development are estimated to recover only a small fraction of this oil. Despite it’s low permeability, the diatomite may be a good candidate for the steam drive process, due to its thick oil column (1,000 ft), high porosity (50% to 65%), and high oil saturation (up to 70%).1 With these attributes, thermal expansion and decreased viscosity of reservoir fluids accelerate oil production, without significant heat loss to cap and base rock. Steam drive pilot operations have been conducted at South Belridge since 1986. This paper discusses the pilot projects and the 15-acre steam drive full-scale project currently being installed.
Risk Factors for Anastomotic Leakage after Laparoscopic Rectal Resection (2010)

Purpose: The anastomotic leakage rate after rectal resection has been reported to be approximately 2.5-21 percent, but most results were associated with open surgery. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and their relationship to the experience of the surgeon for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal resection. Methods: Between March 2003 and December 2008, 156 patients underwent a laparoscopic rectal resection without a diverting ileostomy. The patients' characteristics, the details of treatment, the intraoperative results, and the postoperative results were recorded prospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage. Results: The majority of operations were performed for malignant disease (n = 150; 96.2%), and 96 patients (61.5%) were males. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 1 case (0.6%). The anastomotic leak rate was 10.3% (16/156), and there were no mortalities. In the univariate analysis, tumor location, anastomotic level, intraoperative events, and operation time were associated with increased anastomotic leakage rate. In the multivariate analysis, anastomotic level (odds ratio [OR], 6.855; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.271 to 36.964) and operation time (OR, 8.115; 95% CI, 1.982 to 33.222) were significantly associated with anastomotic leakage. Conclusion: The important risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal resection without a diverting ileostomy were low anastomosis and long operation time. An additional procedure, such as diverting stoma, may reduce the anastomotic leakage if it is selectively applied in cases with these risk factors.
<scp>K</scp>ounis syndrome with <scp>S</scp>amter–<scp>B</scp>eer triad treated with intracoronary adrenaline (2015)

Kounis syndrome is a well-described clinical condition characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of chest pain and an allergic reaction accompanied by clinical and laboratory findings of angina caused by inflammatory mediators released during an allergic insult. We present the case of a 50-year-old male with the Samter-Beer triad of asthma, nasal polyps, and salicylate intolerance with an ST elevation myocardial infarction complicated with cardiac arrest due to multi-vessel coronary artery spasm secondary to aspirin anaphylaxis. Adrenaline is recommended during anaphylaxis but is controversial in Kounis syndrome as it may worsen coronary spasm. We report the use of intracoronary adrenaline in successfully reversing coronary artery spasm in this hemodynamically unstable patient.
DISTRIBUTION-FREE PREDICTION INTERVALS IN MIXED LINEAR MODELS (2003)

This paper considers prediction intervals for a future observation in the context of mixed linear models. For such prediction problems, it is reasonable to assume that the future observation is independent of the current ones. Our approach is distribution-free, that is, we do not assume that the distributions of the random effects and errors are normal or specified up to a finite number of parameters. We show that for standard mixed linear models, a simple method based on the (regression) residuals works well for constructing prediction intervals. For nonstandard mixed linear models, however, a more complicated method may have to be used, based on estimation of the distribution of the random effects. Simulation studies compare prediction intervals based on the ordinary least squares estimators and those based on the empirical best linear unbiased estimators. We apply the method to a data set regarding lead contamination of soil.
Targeting of Adhesion Molecules as a Therapeutic Strategy in Multiple Myeloma (2012)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal disorder of plasma cells that remains, for the most part, incurable despite the advent of several novel therapeutic agents. Tumor cells in this disease are cradled within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment by an array of adhesive interactions between the BM cellular residents, the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as fibronectin (FN), laminin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), proteoglycans, collagens and hyaluronan, and a variety of adhesion molecules on the surface of MM cells including integrins, hyaluronan receptors (CD44 and RHAMM) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Several signaling responses are activated by these interactions, affecting the survival, proliferation and migration of MM cells. An important consequence of these direct adhesive interactions between the BM/ECM and MM cells is the development of drug resistance. This phenomenon is termed "cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance" (CAM-DR) and it is thought to be one of the major mechanisms by which MM cells escape the cytotoxic effects of therapeutic agents. This review will focus on the adhesion molecules involved in the cross-talk between MM cells and components of the BM microenvironment. The complex signaling networks downstream of these adhesive molecules mediated by direct ligand binding or inside-out soluble factors signaling will also be reviewed. Finally, novel therapeutic strategies targeting these molecules will be discussed. Identification of the mediators of MM-BM interaction is essential to understand MM biology and to elucidate novel therapeutic targets for this disease.
Camera Aided Inertial Navigation in Poor GPS Environments (2007)

This paper presents a framework for robust localization suitable to unmanned systems operating in environments that have limited or unreliable access to external localization information, such as GPS. The core algorithm presented is a recasting of the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technique from the robotics literature as an aid to inertial navigation. A single camera is used to track unknown environment features providing a consistent constraint on inertial sensor drift while global localization information is unavailable. Results from an unmanned flight vehicle, performing a tracking and surveillance task with unreliable GPS are presented.
Catalytic Copolymerization of CO and Ethylene with a Charge Neutral Palladium(II) Zwitterion (2002)

The synthesis of a zwitterionic Pd(II) complex supported by an anionic bis(phosphino)borate ligand, Ph(2)B(CH(2)PPh(2))(2) (abbreviated as [Ph(2)BP(2)]), is reported. The new complex, [Ph(2)BP(2)]PdMe(THF), is active for CO and ethylene copolymerization. The copolymerization activity and polyketone molecular weight for the neutral, zwitterionic system are compared with those for the cationic systems [R(2)E(CH(2)PPh(2))(2)PdMe(THF)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] where ER(2) = SiPh(2) and CH(2). Surprisingly, the more electron rich zwitterionic system is a catalyst of activity comparable to that of the more conventional cationic systems.
Membership in Constant Time and Almost-Minimum Space (1999)

This paper deals with the problem of storing a subset of elements from the bounded universe $\mathcal{M} = \{0, \ldots, M-1\}$ so that membership queries can be performed efficiently. In particular, we introduce a data structure to represent a subset of N elements of $\mathcal{M}$ in a number of bits close to the information-theoretic minimum, $B = \left\lceil \lg {M\choose N} \right\rceil$, and use the structure to answer membership queries in constant time.
A Solvent-Free Method for Isotopically or Radioactively Labeling Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin-Containing Polymers (2006)

A method for installing a distinguishable label onto cyclodextrins or cyclodextrin-containing polymers is reported. Cyclodextrins (CD) and cyclodextrin-containing polymers are exposed to labeled (2H or 14C) ethylene oxide (EO) vapor and the alcohol groups on the CD ring open the EO to give ether-linked labeled methylenes and a terminal alcohol. This method provides for the incorporation of an easily tracked and quantified label without the use of solvents or purification steps. The method can be generalized for use with materials that contain nucleophiles other than alcohols, e.g., amines.
New-generation biomedical materials: peptide dendrimers and their application in biomedicine (2010)

Peptide dendrimers are attractive synthetic polymers and have been widely used as a new generation of biomaterials in recent years. Peptide dendrimers, as well as general dendrimers, may be synthesized to reach nano sizes, and display well-defined architectures, highly-branched structures, high density of functional terminal groups, and controllable molecular weights. On the other hand, peptide dendrimers have properties similar to proteins and some special characteristics, such as good biocompatibility, water solubility and resistance to proteolytic digestion. Due to these advantages, peptide dendrimers have received considerable attention in biomedicine. This review focuses on the development of peptide dendrimers with emphasis on their applications both in diagnostics and in therapy.
Character Impact Odorants of High-Heat Skim Milk Powder Isolated by Simultaneous Distillation−Extraction (2008)

To identify the character impact odorant of high-heat skim milk powder (HHSMP), a comparative study using ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) milk was performed. Aroma concentrate was prepared by column adsorption combined with simultaneous distillation-extraction. Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) revealed 58 aroma peaks with flavor dilution (FD) factors ranging from 10 to 3000; from these, 41 compounds were identified and 7 compounds were tentatively identified (FD factor > or = 300). Among these HHSMP and UHT milk components, methyl 2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide and bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide, which appeared to be generated during the processing of each product, were identified. When the results of the AEDA of both samples were compared, it was considered that the characteristic aroma of HHSMP was not explained by a single compound but instead formed from a mixture of several types of compounds contained in common with the UHT milk. The contribution of these compounds to the aroma of HHSMP was confirmed by an aroma simulation experiment.
Unraveling the Photoswitching Mechanism in Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts (2016)

Molecular photoswitches have opened up a myriad of opportunities in applications ranging from responsive materials and control of biological function to molecular logics. Here, we show that the photoswitching mechanism of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA), a recently reported class of photoswitches, proceeds by photoinduced Z-E isomerization, followed by a thermal, conrotatory 4π-electrocyclization. The photogenerated intermediate is manifested by a bathochromically shifted band in the visible absorption spectrum of the DASA. The identification of the role of this intermediate reveals a key step in the photoswitching mechanism that is essential to the rational design of switching properties via structural modification.