gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of seaweed concentrates on the growth and biochemical constituents of. (2010)

Effect of seaweed extract on growth and biochemical constituents of fenugreek was investigated using Ulva fasciata, Sargassum ilicifolium and Gracilaria corticata compared with the Hoagland nutrient medium. Fresh, dried and boiled extracts of Ulva, Sargassum and Gracilaria influenced photosynthetic pigments percentage in fenugreek in similar way as did Hoagland nutrition medium. Shoot growth and fresh biomass recorded at 50% SWC was comparable to that observed with the Hoagland solution and notably significant when compared to the control plants. Carbohydrate, proteins, free amino acids, polyphenols and nitrogen content also increased in seaweed treated plants. Extract of Ulva was found slightly more effective than that of Sargassum and Gracilaria .
A Prevention Strategy for Circumventing Drug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy (2001)

The development of drug resistance is considered to be a major cause for the failure of chemotherapy in a number of types of cancer, including ovarian, breast and lung. Most previous research has focused on approaches to reverse drug resistance once it has arisen, that is, on the use of agents which can make drug-resistant tumors more sensitive to chemotherapy. Unfortunately, this approach has thus far met with only limited clinical success. Because of the prevalence of drug resistance in cases of advanced cancer, there exists an urgent need to develop new approaches to dealing with this problem. We have hypothesized the feasibility of an alternative approach: the use of specific agents to prevent the development of resistance before it arises. Our initial studies to examine this hypothesis have focused on ovarian cancer. We have designed both in vitro and in vivo systems in which resistance develops rapidly after exposure of tumor cells or xenografts to melphalan or cisplatin. Using these systems we have shown that two selenium compounds, selenite and selenomethionine are able to prevent the induction of resistance. Furthermore, inclusion of selenite in a chemotherapeutic protocol can result in a significant enhancement of the efficacy of cisplatin in suppressing the growth of human ovarian tumor xenografts. These results have supported the idea that prevention may be a useful new approach to the problem of drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy.
Expression of the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-Cl cotransporter BSC2 is differentially regulated by fluid mechanical and inflammatory cytokine stimuli in vascular endothelium. (1997)

In vascular endothelium, the electroneutral Na-K-Cl cotransport system is thought to function in the maintenance of a selective permeability barrier in certain vascular beds (e.g., brain), as well as in the preservation of endothelial homeostasis in the face of fluctuating osmotic conditions that may accompany certain pathophysiological conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus). Here we demonstrate that the gene encoding the bumetanide-sensitive cotransporter BSC2, one of the two major isoforms of Na-K-Cl cotransporters present in mammalian cells, can be differentially regulated by inflammatory cytokines and fluid mechanical forces in cultured endothelium. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor- significantly upregulate expression of BSC2 mRNA and protein in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, a response that is inhibited by pretreatment with interferon- . Steady laminar fluid shear stress, at a physiologic magnitude (10 dyn/cm 2 ), is also able to induce and maintain elevated expression of BSC2 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, while a comparable time-averaged magnitude of turbulent fluid shear stress is not. In vivo, BSC2 mRNA is upregulated after intraperitoneal administration of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) in murine lung and kidney, but not in cardiac tissue. These results provide the first experimental evidence that the BSC2 gene can be selectively regulated by different inflammatory cytokine and fluid mechanical stimuli in endothelium, and support a role for BSC2 in vascular homeostasis and inflammation. ( J. Clin. Invest.
A Novel Sulindac Derivative that Potently Suppresses Colon Tumor Cell Growth by Inhibiting cGMP Phosphodiesterase and β-Catenin Transcriptional Activity (2012)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely reported to inhibit tumor growth by a COX-independent mechanism, although alternative targets have not been well defined or used to develop improved drugs for cancer chemoprevention. Here, we characterize a novel sulindac derivative referred to as sulindac benzylamine (SBA) that does not inhibit COX-1 or COX-2, yet potently inhibits the growth and induces the apoptosis of human colon tumor cells. The basis for this activity appears to involve cyclic guanosine 3',5',-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cGMP PDE) inhibition as evident by its ability to inhibit cGMP hydrolysis in colon tumor cell lysates and purified cGMP-specific PDE5, increase intracellular cGMP levels, and activate cGMP-dependent protein kinase G at concentrations that suppress tumor cell growth. PDE5 was found to be essential for colon tumor cell growth as determined by siRNA knockdown studies, elevated in colon tumor cells as compared with normal colonocytes, and associated with the tumor selectivity of SBA. SBA activation of PKG may suppress the oncogenic activity of β-catenin as evident by its ability to reduce β-catenin nuclear levels, Tcf (T-cell factor) transcriptional activity, and survivin levels. These events preceded apoptosis induction and appear to result from a rapid elevation of intracellular cGMP levels following cGMP PDE inhibition. We conclude that PDE5 and possibly other cGMP degrading isozymes can be targeted to develop safer and more efficacious NSAID derivatives for colorectal cancer chemoprevention.
Initial Reactions in Anaerobic Alkane Degradation by a Sulfate Reducer, Strain AK-01 (1999)

An alkane-degrading, sulfate-reducing bacterial strain, AK-01, isolated from a petroleum-contaminated sediment was studied to elucidate its mechanism of alkane metabolism. Total cellular fatty acids of AK-01 were predominantly C even when it was grown on C-even alkanes and were predominantly C odd when grown on C-odd alkanes, suggesting that the bacterium anaerobically oxidizes alkanes to fatty acids. Among these fatty acids, some 2-, 4-, and 6-methylated fatty acids were specifically found only when AK-01 was grown on alkanes, and their chain lengths always correlated with those of the alkanes. When [1,2-(13)C(2)]hexadecane or perdeuterated pentadecane was used as the growth substrate, (13)C-labeled 2-Me-16:0, 4-Me-18:0, and 6-Me-20:0 fatty acids or deuterated 2-Me-15:0, 4-Me-17:0, and 6-Me-19:0 fatty acids were recovered, respectively, confirming that these monomethylated fatty acids were alkane derived. Examination of the (13)C-labeled 2-, 4-, and 6-methylated fatty acids by mass spectrometry showed that each of them contained two (13)C atoms, located at the methyl group and the adjacent carbon, thus indicating that the methyl group was the original terminal carbon of the [1, 2-(13)C(2)]hexadecane. For perdeuterated pentadecane, the presence of three deuterium atoms, on the methyl group and its adjacent carbon, in each of the deuterated 2-, 4-, and 6-methylated fatty acids further supported the hypothesis that the methyl group was the terminal carbon of the alkane. Thus, exogenous carbon appears to be initially added to an alkane subterminally at the C-2 position such that the original terminal carbon of the alkane becomes a methyl group on the subsequently formed fatty acid. The carbon addition reaction, however, does not appear to be a direct carboxylation of inorganic bicarbonate. A pathway for anaerobic metabolism of alkanes by strain AK-01 is proposed.
A 120 K-gate usable CMOS sea of gates packing 1.3 M transistors (2003)

A CMOS sea of gates with 160 K basic cells for random logic and memories is reported. Because of the unique architecture, the LSI offers flexible configuration of RAMs, ROMs, and PLAs (programmable logic arrays) with high density and suitable routing areas for random logic circuits, and results in the utilization of 120 K basic cells. It is fabricated with CMOS 1.0- mu m triple-metal-layer process technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interstitial Cystitis and Chronic Pelvic Pain: New Insights in Neuropathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment (2003)

The Urogynecology Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas Correspondence: Charles W. Butrick, MD, 12200 West 106th Street, Suite 130, Overland Park, KS 66215. E-mail: [email protected]
Preliminary Material (2018)

Architecture and Control makes a collective critical intervention into the relationship between architecture, including virtual architectures, and practices of control since the turn of the twentieth to twenty-first centuries. Authors from the fields of architectural theory, literature, film and cultural studies come together here with visual artists to explore the contested sites at which, in the present day, attempts at gaining control give rise to architectures of control as well as the potential for architectures of resistance. Together, these contributions make clear how a variety of post-2000 architectures enable control to be established, all the while observing how certain architectures and infrastructures allow for alternative, progressive modes of control, and even modes of the unforeseen and the uncontrolled, to arise. Contributors are: Pablo Bustinduy, Rafael Dernbach, Alexander R. Galloway, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Maria Finn, Runa Johannessen, Natalie Koerner, Michael Krause, Samantha Martin-McAuliffe, Lorna Muir, Mikkel Bolt Rasmussen, Anne Elisabeth Sejten and Joey Whitfield
Survey of naloxone legal status in opioid overdose prevention and treatment (2013)

A number of state legislatures have passed legislation permitting lay administration of naloxone to individuals in an attempt to revive a person with an apparent opioid overdose. These emerging state policy initiatives parallel similar laws and regulations governing lay person epinephrine administration for anaphylaxis and applying automated electric defibrillators for sudden cardiac arrest. Public health initiatives increasing access to naloxone will likely continue in states with high opioid overdose burdens. FDA approval of a new needle-free naloxone delivery system would facilitate greater public access.
Thermostable HIV-1 group O reverse transcriptase variants with the same fidelity as murine leukaemia virus reverse transcriptase (2011)

Wild-type HIV-1 group O RT (reverse transcriptase) shows increased thermostability in comparison with HIV-1 group M subtype B RT and MLV (murine leukaemia virus) RT. However, its utility in the amplification of RNA targets is limited by the reduced accuracy of lentiviral RTs compared with oncoretroviral RTs (i.e. MLV RT). The effects of the mutations K65R, R78A and K65R/V75I on the fidelity of HIV-1 group O RTs were studied using gel-based and M13mp2 lacZ forward-mutation fidelity assays. Forward-mutation assays demonstrated that mutant RTs K65R, R78A and K65R/V75I showed >9-fold increased accuracy in comparison with the wild-type enzyme and were approximately two times more faithful than the MLV RT. Compared with MLV RT, all of the tested HIV-1 group O RT variants showed decreased frameshift fidelity. However, K65R RT showed a higher tendency to introduce one-nucleotide deletions in comparison with other HIV-1 group O RT variants. R78A had a destabilizing effect on the RT, either in the presence or absence of V75I. At temperatures above 52 °C, K65R and K65R/V75I retained similar levels of DNA polymerase activity to the wild-type HIV-1 group O RT, but were more efficient than HIV-1 group M subtype B and MLV RTs. K65R, K65R/V75I and R78A RTs showed decreased misinsertion and mispair extension fidelity in comparison with the wild-type enzyme for most base pairs studied. These assays revealed that nucleotide selection is mainly governed by kpol (pol is polymerization) in the case of K65R, whereas both kpol and Kd affect nucleotide discrimination in the case of K65R/V75I.
Successful Flow Profiling of Gas Wells Using Distributed Temperature Sensing Data (2006)

Abstract Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) coupled with a temperature-pressure simulator has been used successfully to determine flow profiles from multilayered commingled reservoirs in production gas wells. This technology has enabled quantitative individual-layer contributions to gas flow rates and main water entries to be determined, which in turn, has helped engineers to evaluate production conditions, track individual layer recovery, identify problem zones, and plan remedial actions. DTS technology uses fiber-optic cables to measure continuous temperature profiles along the entire wellbore without any cable movement. The real cases presented here include producing gas wells ranging from very low-permeability, hydraulically fractured tight reservoirs to high permeability sands with production rates from one (1) to tens of MMscf/d and over 50 layers per well at depths between 7,000 to 15,000 ft. The analyses have shown that some of the key parameters required to obtain representative flow profiles using DTS can be extracted from the flowing and shut-in DTS transient profiles. Those parameters, which are generally not available in conventional temperature logs, include: (i) geothermal profile; (ii) wellbore and near-wellbore Joule-Thomson effects, and (iii), thermal properties of fluids and formation. Non-producing, thick zones are particularly useful when calibrating partial flow rates and verifying fluid and formation properties. The flow-profiling model was built around an analytical-numerical, pressure-temperature simulator that predicts wellbore temperature profiles as a response to individual layer flow rates and sandface fluid-entry temperatures. An interactive error-minimizing technique was used to match the simulated temperatures with the actual DTS profiles. This paper also presents comparisons between the DTS-derived flow profiles and the traditional production logging tool (PLT) profiles as well as the value DTS can provide for multilayered gas-reservoir monitoring.
Anticonvulsants in affective disorders. (1990)

The current status of anticonvulsant drugs compared to other treatments for the management of affective disorders is evaluated. Data from controlled studies suggest that carbamazepine is superior to placebo, equivalent to neuroleptics, and comparable to lithium for mania, at least in relatively treatment-refractory patients. Carbamazepine may also be useful as an antidepressant and for prophylaxis. Valproate and clonazepam show promise in the treatment of mania and for prophylaxis, but the number of patients studied in controlled trials is small. Lorazepam and other benzodiazepines may be useful antimanic agents, and alprazolam exerts antidepressant effects, although its efficacy relative to the tricyclics is unclear. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for both mania and depression. Established treatments are carbamazepine and ECT for mania and ECT for depression. Still experimental are valproate and clonazepam for mania; carbamazepine and alprazolam for depression; and carbamazepine, ECT, valproate, and clonazepam for maintenance. Combinations with lithium appear promising but await double-blind trials. The place of other anticonvulsants in the treatment of affective disorders is unknown.
A Low Phase Noise and Wide Tuning Range Millimeter-Wave VCO Using Switchable Coupled VCO-Cores (2014)

This work presents a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) dual-mode voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) topology with switchable coupled VCO-cores for wide frequency tuning range and low phase noise application. By taking advantage of the different parasitic capacitance of cross-coupled pair when the VCO-core operates in ON and OFF states, the dual-mode operation of VCO can be realized, and the oscillations for both modes can be excited at the lower resonant frequency of tank, such that tank Q and phase noise performance could be improved for both modes. Strongly coupled transformer with large coupling coefficient (k) is utilized to increase the oscillation stability at the desired resonant frequency for both modes. The large k transformer will also facilitate the enhancement of tank Q at the lower resonant frequency. Frequency tuning range of the VCO is increased by properly designing the VCO-cores and combining the frequency bands of the two modes. In addition, the cross-coupled pair of VCO-core at OFF state is able to act as high Q active capacitor, which can further increase the tank Q and thus reduce the phase noise. Fabricated in a 0.18 μm BiCMOS process, the VCO exhibits a wide tuning range of 17.2% from 55.7 GHz to 66 GHz, and low phase noise from -87.5 dBc/Hz to -93.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset over the entire tuning range.
PR-Set7 and H4K20me1: at the crossroads of genome integrity, cell cycle, chromosome condensation, and transcription (2012)

Histone post-translational modifications impact many aspects of chromatin and nuclear function. Histone H4 Lys 20 methylation (H4K20me) has been implicated in regulating diverse processes ranging from the DNA damage response, mitotic condensation, and DNA replication to gene regulation. PR-Set7/Set8/KMT5a is the sole enzyme that catalyzes monomethylation of H4K20 (H4K20me1). It is required for maintenance of all levels of H4K20me, and, importantly, loss of PR-Set7 is catastrophic for the earliest stages of mouse embryonic development. These findings have placed PR-Set7, H4K20me, and proteins that recognize this modification as central nodes of many important pathways. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms required for regulation of PR-Set7 and H4K20me1 levels and attempt to unravel the many functions attributed to these proteins.
Identifying States of a Financial Market (2012)

The understanding of complex systems has become a central issue because such systems exist in a wide range of scientific disciplines. We here focus on financial markets as an example of a complex system. In particular we analyze financial data from the S&P 500 stocks in the 19-year period 1992-2010. We propose a definition of state for a financial market and use it to identify points of drastic change in the correlation structure. These points are mapped to occurrences of financial crises. We find that a wide variety of characteristic correlation structure patterns exist in the observation time window, and that these characteristic correlation structure patterns can be classified into several typical "market states". Using this classification we recognize transitions between different market states. A similarity measure we develop thus affords means of understanding changes in states and of recognizing developments not previously seen.
Elevated‐Temperature Creep of Silicon Carbide‐Aluminum Nitride Ceramics: Role of Grain Size (1986)

Samples containing 50 mol% SiC and 50 mol% AIN were fabricated to neartheoretical density by hot‐pressing in graphite dies in N 2 atmosphere. Grain size was varied by varying the hot‐pressing conditions. Bar‐shaped samples cut from the billets were subjected to creep deformation in four‐point bending. Creep was found to depend upon the grain size with coarse‐grained material exhibiting lower creep rate. The stress exponent was ∼2.0.
Lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism, cholesterol subfractions and myocardial infarction in large samples of the general population (2000)

This large study shows that the H2H2 genotype of the lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism is associated with unfavorable lipid levels. Estrogen status may modulate this association in women. The effects of the genotype on lipid levels were apparently not strong enough to reveal a significant association with MI.
<i>Stay-Away</i>, protecting sensitive applications from performance interference (2014)

While co-locating virtual machines improves utilization in resource shared environments, the resulting performance interference between VMs is difficult to model or predict. QoS sensitive applications can suffer from resource co-location with other less short-term resource sensitive or batch applications. The common practice of overprovisioning resources helps to avoid performance interference and guarantee QoS but leads to low machine utilization. Recent work that relies on static approaches suffer from practical limitations due to assumptions such as a priori knowledge of application behaviour and workload.
Azimuth Dependent Processing – Application to the Clair OBS Data (2004)

P308 AZIMUTH DEPENDENT PROCESSING – APPLICATION TO THE CLAIR OBS DATA Summary 1 The Clair data set is a 3D-4C Ocean Bottom Seismic data acquired by PGS for BP in the West of Shetlands area in the North Atlantic. With the view of characterizing azimuthal variations in elastic properties the data were acquired using a patch geometry that allowed for a good offset and azimuth distribution. Processing of the acquired multi-component dataset was also awarded to PGS Data Processing centre in Oslo. The main challenge was to apply true 3D processing that takes into account the azimuth dimension. Conventional seismic
The Role of Modeling When Designing for Absolute Energy Use Intensity Requirements in a Design-Build Framework (2011)

The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
The effect of implemented pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the dehydrogenase activity of activated sludge (2006)

The implementation of sludge disintegration in wastewater treatment processes is a possible strategy of sludge minimisation. Many sludge disintegration technologies are being explored. A new additional method of disintegration is the application of pulsed electric fields (PEF). In the PEF technique short high voltage pulses are applied to generate an electric field in the sample, which builds up an electrical potential difference between the inner and outer side of the membrane. By exceeding a critical potential a perforation of the membrane is evoked (Zimmermann et al. [1]). A benefit of PEF application on subsequent aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes is shown (Koners et al. [2], Kopplow et al [3]).
[Efficacy of accelerated fractionation versus conventional fractionation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. (2008)

Compared with conventional fractionation, accelerated fractionation significantly improves the 3-and 5-year local control and overall survival rates, as well as the disease-free rate for NPC patients without increasing delayed toxicity.
The Development of Short Range Air Transport Through The Use of V/STOL Aircraft (1961)

The Fourteenth Louis Bleriot Lecture “ The Development of Short Range Air Transport through the use of V/STOL Aircraft,” by General Henri Ziegler, General Manager, S. A. Louis Breguet, was given before a distinguished audience which included a number of visitors from France, on 23rd March 1961 in the Society's Lecture Theatre. The President, Dr. E. S. Moult, C.B.E., B.Sc.(Eng.), F.R.Ae.S., M.I.Mech.E., presided at the meeting. Before the formal proceedings the names of 17 members elected to Fellowship of the Society since December 1960 were read by the Secretary. (These names were published in the January, February and March JOURNALS—Ed.) After congratulating the new Fellows, Dr. Moult said that this was one of those great occasions of the Society when they united with their friends from France to revere the memory of Louis BleYiot, the first aviator to cross the Channel. This was on the 25th July 1909; since then, they would agree, great things had happened in the field of aeronautics.