gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potassium currents in acutely isolated human hippocampal dentate granule cells. (1997)

1. Properties of voltage- and Ca(2+)-dependent K+ currents were investigated in thirty-four dentate granule cells acutely isolated from the resected hippocampus of eleven patients with therapy-refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). 2. When intracellular Ca2+ was strongly buffered with 11.5 mM EGTA-1 mM Ca2+ in the recording pipette, K+ currents (IK) with a slow activation and biexponential time-dependent decay could be elicited, which showed a threshold for activation around -30 mV. 3. A contribution of Ca(2+)-dependent K+ currents became apparent with intracellular solution containing 1 mM BAPTA-0.1 mM Ca2+. Superfusion of low-Ca2+ extracellular solution blocked 43% of outward currents in this recording configuration. Outward current components could also be blocked by substituting 5 mM Ba2+ for extracellular Ca2+ (78%), or by application of 100 microM Cd2+ (25%). 4. The Ca(2+)-dependent K+ currents could be pharmacologically subdivided into two components. One component was sensitive to 500 microM tetraethylammmonium (TEA; 41%) and 10 nM charybdotoxin (CTX; 47.2%). The blocking effects of 10 nM CTX and 500 microM TEA were not additive, suggesting that both agents block the same conductance. A second, smaller outward current component was blocked by 50 nM apamin (13%). 5. A transient A-type K+ current could be observed in six neurones and showed a fast monoexponential time-dependent inactivation with a steady-state voltage dependence that was distinct from that of IK. The A-type current was blocked by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) but not by TEA or low-Ca2+ solution. 6. We conclude that outward currents in human hippocampal dentate granule cells can be separated into at least four types by their kinetic and pharmacological properties. These include at least one voltage-dependent current similar to those observed in mammalian hippocampal neurones, and two Ca(2+)-dependent K+ currents that most probably correspond to SK- and BK-type currents. A classical A-type current could be detected in some patients with Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS) but not in patients with lesion-associated TLE.
Visualization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Movement with Spin Labeling at MR Imaging: Preliminary Results in Normal and Pathophysiologic Conditions (2008)

Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this study. This study was HIPAA compliant. The purpose of this study was to visualize the movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) noninvasively by using an unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging technique. A time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (SLIP) technique was applied to label, or tag, CSF in a region of interest. The tagged CSF was clearly visualized at inversion times of 1500-4500 msec after pulse labeling in both intracranial and intraspinal compartments. Noninvasive visualization of CSF movement, including bulk and turbulent flow, in normal (n = 7) and altered (n = 2) physiologic conditions was possible by using the unenhanced time-SLIP technique.
Laser-Induced Coalescence of C60 in the Solid State (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser-Induced Coalescence of C60 in the Solid StatePaolo Milani and Marco ManfrediniCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 43, 16119–16120Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100043a062https://doi.org/10.1021/j100043a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Systemic Par-4 inhibits non-autochthonous tumor growth (2011)

The tumor suppressor protein Par-4 (Prostate apoptosis response-4) is spontaneously secreted by normal and cancer cells. Extracellular Par-4 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cell cultures by binding, via its effector SAC domain, to cell surface GRP78 receptor. However, the functional significance of extracellular Par-4/SAC has not been validated in animal models. We show that Par-4/SAC-transgenic mice express systemic Par-4/SAC protein and are resistant to the growth of non-autochthonous tumors. Consistently, secretory Par-4/SAC pro-apoptotic activity can be transferred from these cancer-resistant transgenic mice to cancer-susceptible mice by bone marrow transplantation. Moreover, intravenous injection of recombinant Par-4 or SAC protein inhibits metastasis of cancer cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that extracellular Par-4/SAC is systemically functional in inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis progression, and may merit investigation as a therapy.
Correlation of Automated Volumetric Analysis of Brain MR Imaging with Cognitive Impairment in a Natural History Study of Mucopolysaccharidosis II (2010)

Quantitative volumetric measurements of brain MR imaging in MPS II patients can be obtained by using automated and semi-automated segmentation methods. MPS II patients with cognitive impairment have decreased brain tissue volumes, but longer studies with more subjects are required to confirm these results.
Reaction between hydrogen sulfide and zinc oxide-titanium oxide sorbents. 1. Single-pellet kinetic studies (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction between hydrogen sulfide and zinc oxide-titanium oxide sorbents. 1. Single-pellet kinetic studiesM. C. Woods, S. K. Gangwal, K. Jothimurugesan, and Douglas P. HarrisonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 7, 1160–1167Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00103a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00103a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views672Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Early learning affects social dominance: interspecifically cross-fostered tits become subdominant (2004)

Social dominance influences the outcome of competitive interactions over limited resources, and may hence be important for individual fitness. Theory thus predicts that its heritability will be low and that non-genetic determinants of dominance should prevail. In this field experiment we reciprocally cross-fostered great tits (Parus major) to blue tits (Parus caeruleus) to investigate the impact of early social experience on dominance status in competition over food during winter. Controlling for potential effects of age, size, sex and site-related dominance, we show that cross-fostered birds of both species were subdominant to conspecific immigrants, while controls originating from unmanipulated broods were dominant to conspecific immigrants. Furthermore, blue tits reared by blue tit parents but with at least one great tit broodmate had lower dominance status relative to conspecific immigrants than did controls. Although great tits generally dominated blue tits, cross-fostered birds of both species initiated marginally more fights against the other species than did their respective controls, suggesting faulty species recognition. Since both social parents and broodmates strongly influence the dominance behavior of offspring later in life, we conclude that social conditions experienced at an early age are crucial for the determination of subsequent social dominance.
Software as a service approach to sensor simulation software deployment (2012)

Traditionally, military simulation has been problem domain specific. Executing an exercise currently requires multiple simulation software providers to specialize, deploy, and configure their respective implementations, integrate the collection of software to achieve a specific system behavior, and then execute for the purpose at hand. This approach leads to rigid system integrations which require simulation expertise for each deployment due to changes in location, hardware, and software. Our alternative is Software as a Service (SaaS) predicated on the virtualization of Night Vision Electronic Sensors (NVESD) sensor simulations as an exemplary case. Management middleware elements layer self provisioning, configuration, and integration services onto the virtualized sensors to present a system of services at run time. Given an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) environment, enabled and managed system of simulations yields a durable SaaS delivery without requiring user simulation expertise. Persistent SaaS simulations would provide on demand availability to connected users, decrease integration costs and timelines, and benefit the domain community from immediate deployment of lessons learned.
Assessing Cellular Response to Functionalized α‐Helical Peptide Hydrogels (2014)

α-Helical peptide hydrogels are decorated with a cell-binding peptide motif (RGDS), which is shown to promote adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of PC12 cells. Gel structure and integrity are maintained after functionalization. This opens possibilities for the bottom-up design and engineering of complex functional scaffolds for 2D and 3D cell cultures.
Microbial Pilot Test for the Control of Paraffin and Asphaltenes at Prudhoe Bay (1996)

Abstract The following paper describes a six month pilot test for the control of paraffin and asphaltene deposition at the reservoir level using naturally occurring microorganisms. For the course of the paper, paraffin will be defined as pentane soluble hydrocarbon precipitates. Likewise, asphaltene will be defined as hydrocarbon deposits which are pentane insoluble and toluene soluble. The microbial project was conducted on four wells in the Eastern Operating Area of the Prudhoe Bay oil field. The microorganisms were selected based upon their ability to metabolize long hydrocarbon chains into lighter components. Data collected from the project reflects the impact on total fluid production and crude oil physical and chemical properties i.e. API gravity, viscosity, and sulfur content. Operation and maintenance costs for the microbial treatments versus alternative methods are shown and proven to be favorable on certain well types. The advantages of growing the microbes on site and increasing the variety and type of microbial functions is presented. The treatment techniques for effective microbial application along with candidate selection are discussed.
Principles and Applications of LC-MS/MS for the Quantitative Bioanalysis of Analytes in Various Biological Samples (2012)

Standard technology for analyte detection in clinical chemistry fields rely on indirect characteristics of an analyte, e.g. its absorption capability of light, chemical reactivity or physicochemical interaction with macro-molecules as like antigen-antibody interaction. Otherwise, analytes are detected directly from molecular characteristics as molecular mass and molecular disintegration patterns in mass spectrometric method. Thus, mass spectrometric technology are very attractive for the quantification of biomarkers or chemicals in the context of diagnostic procedures since those techniques can be provide higher quality of analysis of much higher specificity compared to standard technologies such as photometry or ligand-binding tests. Even if gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is first introduced mass spectrometric methods to laboratory medicine about 40 years ago and provide highly specific and sensitive quantification of thermo-stable molecules below a molecular weight of about 500, application of GC-MS method remained restricted to few specialized institution in laboratory medicine such as mainly toxicology laboratories, medical centres, and reference laboratories. The handling and maintenance of GC-MS instruments is very demanding and time-consuming; sample preparation is very laborious and includes procedures of sample extraction and analyte derivatisations and long run time with a typical sample throughput of less than 50 samples per day. Over the past decade with introduction of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) techniques, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has undergone tremendous technological improvement allowing for its applications to endogenous components such as proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, DNA, and drugs or metabolites. Furthermore, powerful new technologies of ion-analyses (tandem MS, timeof-flight MS, ion-trap MS) substantially increased the capabilities of MS analyzers with respect to specificity and to the extent of data read out. These developments suggest a more widespread use of MS techniques superior to other analytical methods in routine laboratory medicine. The aims of this chapter is to comprehensively characterize the basic principles of mass spectrometric detection, recent development of MS, bottleneck of LC-MS method associate www.intechopen.com www.intechopen.
The forming properties of high molecular weight polyethylene (1991)

Abstract The formabilities of cold‐rolled high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE) sheets have been studied by measuring their plastic anisotropy ratio ( R value), strain‐hardening exponent ( n value), strain distribution, and the forming limit diagram (FLD). The deep drawability of the polymer is improved by rolling. After 40% or more reduction in thickness by cold rolling, the HMWPE sheet could be deep‐drawn into a cylindrical cup. The results of R value measurement indicate that the R value is responsible for improved drawability. Cold rolling also increases the n value but decreases the strain gradient. Stretch forming tests have also been carried out, and the results show that cold working could also improve the stretchability of this polymer. The results of the FLD are in agreement with the other properties studied. The mechanical properties, environmental stress cracking resistance, and shape, size, and property stability of the deep‐drawn HMWPE cups have also been investigated.
Farmers’ Access to Farm Programs of Bangladesh Betar: An Evaluation of Effectiveness (2017)

Different forms of farm programs (FPs) have been being developed and aired by Bangladesh Betar (BB) for decades to hasten the development of agriculture and the farming communities of Bangladesh. These programs are in dire need of academic study for in-depth evaluation to discern their effectiveness. This study was supposed to reveal the effectiveness of the FP of BB in respect of the extent to which it reaches the farmers of Bangladesh. Data and necessary information were collected by means of document analysis and survey methods. A sample of 465 respondents was selected for questionnaire survey through a structured questionnaire. Frequency distribution and z-test for significance test of proportions were done for data analysis. It was divulged that the FPs of BB were ineffectual because they failed to reach almost all (93.33%) of the farmers. Radio set, a culturally unfit device was possessed by only a few (4.30%) of the farmers. Most of the farmers were accustomed to unauthorized sources (salesman and fellow farmers) of farm information. A vast majority of the respondents were insolent towards the authorized extension agents and departments. The unconsciousness regarding the importance of farm knowledge and their mindset were the most influencing factors for listening to the FPs. Initiatives were must to change the long cherished mindset of the farmers and culturally fit devices were to be patronized in receiving the radio FPs
Dual inhibitory activity of sitafloxacin (DU-6859a) against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV of Streptococcus pneumoniae (1999)

The in-vitro inhibitory activities of sitafloxacin (DU-6859a) and other quinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV were measured. IC50s of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and tosufloxacin against DNA gyrase were almost three to 12 times higher than those against topoisomerase IV. On the other hand, sitafloxacin showed dual inhibitory activity against both enzymes and its IC50s were the lowest among those of the quinolones tested. These results suggest that sitafloxacin is an effective agent against pneumococcal infections and that the incidence of drug-resistant mutants is low.
An integrated resource allocation scheme for multi-tenant data-center (2012)

The success of multi-tenant data-centers depends on the ability to provide performance guarantees in terms of the resources provisioned to the tenants. As bandwidth is shared in a best-effort way in today's data-centers, traffic generated between a set of VMs affect the traffic between another set of VMs sharing the same physical links. This paper proposes an integrated resource allocation scheme that considers not only server-resources, but also network-resource, to decide the mapping of VMs onto servers. We present a three-phase mechanism that finds the right set of servers for the requested VMs, with an aim of reducing the bandwidth on shared links. This mechanism provisions the required bandwidth for the tenants, besides increasing the number of tenants that can cohabit in a data-center. We demonstrate, using simulations, that the proposed scheme accommodates 10%–23% more requests in comparison to a load-balancing allocator that does not consider bandwidth requirements of VMs.
Data Structure Optimization for Power- Efficient IP Lookup Architectures (2012)

Power consumption has become a limiting factor in designing next generation network routers. Recent observation shows that IP lookup engines dominate the power consumption of core routers. Previous work on reducing power consumption of routers mainly focused on network- and system-level optimizations. This paper represents the first thorough study on the data structure optimization for lowering the power consumption in static random access memory (SRAM)-based IP lookup engines. Three different SRAM-based IP lookup architectures are discussed: nonpipelined, simple pipelined, and memory-balanced pipelined architectures. For each architecture, we formulate the problem of power minimization by revisiting the time-space tradeoff in multibit tries. Two distinct multibit trie algorithms are investigated: the expanded trie and the tree bitmap trie, which are widely used in SRAM-based IP lookup solutions. A theoretical framework is proposed to determine the optimal strides for building a multibit trie so that the worst-case power consumption of the IP lookup architecture is minimized. Experiments using real-life routing tables including both IPv4 and IPv6 data sets demonstrate that careful selection of strides in building the multibit tries can reduce the power consumption dramatically. We believe our methodology can be applied to other variants of multibit tries and can help in designing more power-efficient SRAM-based IP lookup architectures.
Formation of a minichromosome by excision of the proximal region of 17q in a patient with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (1990)

An interstitial deletion, 17cen----q11.2 (or q12), and a small extra chromosome was found in a sporadic case of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1). In situ hybridization with a chromosome 17-specific alpha-satellite probe showed that the small chromosome was derived from the deleted region, most likely by an excision/ring formation. This chromosome rearrangement is in agreement with the localization of the von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1) locus to the proximal region of 17q, but with a more distal breakpoint than observed in two previously described reciprocal translocations associated with NF1. If the NF1 gene has been truncated by the present rearrangement, it may suggest that the NF1 gene is a very large gene at the genomic level. Alternatively, NF1 in this patient may be caused by the gradual loss in somatic cells of the small chromosome carrying an intact NF1 gene, thereby suggesting a recessive mechanism at the gene level. Finally, an intact NF1 gene may have been placed in close proximity with alpha-satellite sequences, which might cause inactivation of the gene. The small supernumerary chromosome may not only facilitate the cloning of the NF1 gene itself, but also offers explanations of the mechanism underlying development of the disease.
Area gestures for a laptop computer enabled by a hover-tracking touchpad (2012)

A touchpad has been the most popular pointing device for laptop computers. As large, multi-touch sensing touchpads are now common, we came to think about extending its input vocabulary by adding area gestures. In order to explore this possibility, we constructed a laptop-like mock-up with an optical, proximity sensing touchpad, and implemented a few area gestures that may be useful in such an environment. We conducted a user test and ran a task walkthrough with a realistic scenario in order to verify the feasibility of the area gestures in a laptop environment.
Removal of Specular Reflections in Endoscopic Images (2006)

During an endoscopic examination, pictures from the inside of the human body are displayed on a computer monitor. Disturbing light reflections are often visible in these images. In this paper, we present an approach for removing these reflections and replacing them by an estimate obtained using a spectral deconvolution algorithm.
Large Scale Zebrafish-Based <em>In vivo</em> Small Molecule Screen (2010)

Given their small embryo size, rapid development, transparency, fecundity, and numerous molecular, morphological and physiological similarities to mammals, zebrafish has emerged as a powerful in vivo platform for phenotype-based drug screens and chemical genetic analysis. Here, we demonstrate a simple, practical method for large-scale screening of small molecules using zebrafish embryos.