gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<scp>l</scp>‐N<sup>G</sup>‐nitro arginine (<scp>l</scp>‐NOARG), a novel, <scp>l</scp>‐arginine‐reversible inhibitor of endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation <i>in vitro</i> (1990)

1. The effect of L-NG-nitro arginine (L-NOARG) was compared with that of L-NG-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) on vasodilatation of the isolated aorta of the rabbit and perfused mesentery of the rat in response to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (NP). 2. L-NOARG (1.5-100 microM) and L-NMMA (3-100 microM) produced concentration-related contraction of the rabbit aorta precontracted with phenylephrine (700-900 nM). Similarly, L-NOARG (10-200 microM) and L-NMMA (30-100 microM) elevated perfusion pressure of the noradrenaline (NA, 0.6-2.5 mM)-preconstricted rat mesentery preparation. 3. L-NOARG (1.5-100 microM) and L-NMMA (3-100 microM) caused concentration-related inhibition of the vasodilator effect of ACh (0.01-1.0 microM) on the rabbit aorta without influencing responses to NP (0.03-0.5 microM). L-NOARG methyl ester (30 microM) also inhibited ACh-induced vasorelaxation with similar potency to NOARG. L-arginine (30-150 microM) but not D-arginine (100 microM) caused graded reversal of the inhibitory effect of both L-NOARG (15 microM) and L-NMMA (30 microM). Complete reversal of the effect of both inhibitors was achieved with 150 microM L-arginine. L-Alanine (50 microM), L-arginosuccinic acid (5 microM), L-citrulline (50 microM), L-methionine (50 microM) and L-ornithine (50 microM) failed to reverse the inhibitory effect of L-NOARG (15 microM). 4. L-NOARG (10-200 microM) and L-NMMA (30-100 microM) inhibited the vasodilator effect of ACh (0.006-18.0 nmol) in the rat mesentery without affecting vasodilatation due to NP (1.1-11.1 nmol). L-Arginine (100 microM) but not D-arginine (100 microM) produced partial reversal of the effect of L-NOARG (30 microM) and L-NMMA (30 microM). 5. L- and D-N'-butyloxycarbonyl No-nitro arginine (100 microM) produced modest (approximately 20%) inhibition of the effect of ACh on the rabbit aorta; this effect was not reversible with L-arginine (100 microM). L-Namonocarbobenzoxy arginine (L-NMCA, 5O microM), L-N-NG-dicarbobenzoxy arginine (L-NDCA, 5 microM) and L-NG-tosyl arginine (50 microM) were inactive. 6. These results identify L-NOARG as a potent, L-arginine reversible inhibitor of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. The available data suggests that L-NOARG, like L-NMMA, inhibits endothelial nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis.
Indiana University AO‐OCT System (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Description of the System Experimental Procedures AO Performance Example Results with AO Conventional Flood-Illuminated Imaging Example Results With AO Parallel SD-OCT Imaging Conclusion
An Efficient Group Signature Scheme from Bilinear Maps (2006)

We propose a new group signature scheme which is secure if we assume the Decision Diffie-Hellman assumption, the q-Strong Diffie-Hellman assumption, and the existence of random oracles. The proposed scheme is the most efficient among the all previous group signature schemes in signature length and in computational complexity. This paper is the full version of the extended abstract appeared in ACISP 2005 [17].
Removal Reform: A Solution for Federal Question Jurisdiction, Forum Shopping, and Duplicative State-Federal Litigation (2013)

Federal court procedural, especially jurisdictional ones, need to be governed by clear, effective, and fair rules. Yet twentieth century doctrines and reforms, even when made in the name of pragmatism, have produced decidedly unpragmatic results: a vague and disputed doctrine of federal question jurisdiction that excludes from federal court many cases where federal law controls the outcome, rules that facilitate forum shopping by plaintiffs and make it impossible to predict in advance what law will apply to decide one’s case, and the stunning waste of a system in which the exact same issues are simultaneously litigated in state and federal courts as part of a “race to judgment.” The status quo is, quite simply, broken.\nThis Article contends that we can ameliorate these concerns by permitting removal to federal court whenever the parties are diverse and whenever the defendant’s answer or plaintiff’s reply shows that a case arises under federal law— rather than artificially limiting our vision to the plaintiff’s well-pleaded complaint. Though modest, these reforms could serve as a tonic to many of the status quo’s most striking irrationalities: the criteria for federal question jurisdiction would be expanded to cover many currently excluded cases that turn on federal law, plaintiffs would lose opportunities to forum shop by pinning unwilling defendants in state courts, and the systemic waste of duplicative and concurrent state-federal litigation could be largely eliminated. By broadly addressing these deeply-rooted problems, this Article aims at improving the clarity, rationality, and essential fairness of the rules that govern our federal courts.
Healing Sounds: The Power of Harmonics (1992)

This work examines the capacity of sound to affect peoples lives on all levels - physical, emotional, mental and spiritual. The book looks at the transformative and healing powers of harmonics, from both the scientific and spiritual point of view. It explains to readers how to perform vocal harmonics, and contains practical exercises showing how to use sound in healing and meditiation. It also describes how listening to harmonics can be used as sonic yoga for meditation and deep relaxation.
First‐trimester screening for trisomy 21 combining biochemistry and ultrasound at individually optimal gestational ages. An interventional study (2004)

The Combined Test, assessing biochemistry and ultrasound at individually optimal ages in the first trimester, showed an 88% detection rate for trisomy 21 with a remarkably reduced false-positive rate (3.3%).
Aberrations of flat lenses and aplanatic metasurfaces (2013)

A study of optical aberrations for flat lenses based on phase discontinuities is reported. The wave aberration function and the analytical expression of the aberrations up to the 4th order are derived to describe the performance of both ideal and practical flat lenses. We find that aberration-free focusing is possible under axial illumination but off-axis aberrations appear when the excitation is not normal to the interface. An alternative design for an aplanatic metasurface on a curved substrate is proposed to focus light without coma and spherical aberrations.
Memristor Kinetics and Diffusion Characteristics for Mixed Anionic‐Electronic SrTiO<sub>3‐δ</sub> Bits: The Memristor‐Based Cottrell Analysis Connecting Material to Device Performance (2014)

Memristors based on mixed anionic‐electronic conducting oxides are promising devices for future data storage and information technology with applications such as non‐volatile memory or neuromorphic computing. Unlike transistors solely operating on electronic carriers, these memristors rely, in their switch characteristics, on defect kinetics of both oxygen vacancies and electronic carriers through a valence change mechanism. Here, Pt|SrTiO 3‐δ |Pt structures are fabricated as a model material in terms of its mixed defects which show stable resistive switching. To date, experimental proof for memristance is characterized in hysteretic current–voltage profiles; however, the mixed anionic‐electronic defect kinetics that can describe the material characteristics in the dynamic resistive switching are still missing. It is shown that chronoamperometry and bias‐dependent resistive measurements are powerful methods to gain complimentary insights into material‐dependent diffusion characteristics of memristors. For example, capacitive, memristive and limiting currents towards the equilibrium state can successfully be separated. The memristor‐based Cottrell analysis is proposed to study diffusion kinetics for mixed conducting memristor materials. It is found that oxygen diffusion coefficients increase up to 3 × 10 –15 m 2 s –1 for applied bias up to 3.8 V for SrTiO 3‐δ memristors. These newly accessible diffusion characteristics allow for improving materials and implicate field strength requirements to optimize operation towards enhanced performance metrics for valence change memristors.
Comparing Pharmacokinetics of Amoxicillin Given Twice or Three Times per Day to Children Older than 3 Months with Pneumonia (2003)

For children with ambulatory pneumonia, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends oral amoxicillin (15 mg/kg of body weight/dose) thrice daily (t.i.d.) or oral cotrimoxazole (4 mg of trimethoprim/kg/dose) twice daily (b.i.d.). The more frequent amoxicillin dosing may lead to compliance problems. To compare the pharmacokinetics and levels of amoxicillin in plasma in the current WHO acute respiratory infection recommendations with the 25-mg/kg/dose b.i.d. regimen, we performed a two-group parallel study of 66 children ages 3 to 59 months with pneumonia. Amoxicillin was given orally at 25 mg/kg/dose b.i.d. or 15 mg/kg/dose t.i.d. Amoxicillin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after the first dose on days 1 and 3. After the first dose on day 1, the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for amoxicillin after the 25-mg/kg dose was 54.7 versus 24.9 micro g. h/ml after the 15-mg/kg dose. After the first dose on day 3, the mean AUC was 44.1 versus 28.5 micro g. h/ml. All but two children had plasma amoxicillin concentrations above 0.5 micro g/ml for >50% of the dose interval on both days. Six children on day 1 and five children on day 3 had concentrations above 1.0 micro g/ml for <50% of the dose interval. On day 1, 16 of 27 children in the b.i.d. group and 11 of 26 children in the t.i.d. group had concentrations that were above 2.0 micro g/ml for <50% of the dose interval, and on day 3, 18 of 31 children in the b.i.d. group and 8 of 31 children in the t.i.d. group had concentrations that were above 2.0 micro g/ml for <50% of the dose interval. Amoxicillin b.i.d. is a feasible alternative for t.i.d. dosing. To lengthen the time above the MIC at higher concentration levels, a 30- to 40-mg/kg/dose b.i.d. should be considered instead of the 25 mg/kg/dose used in this study.
Of truth and pathways: chasing bits of information through myriads of articles (2002)

Knowledge on interactions between molecules in living cells is indispensable for theoretical analysis and practical applications in modern genomics and molecular biology. Building such networks relies on the assumption that the correct molecular interactions are known or can be identified by reading a few research articles. However, this assumption does not necessarily hold, as truth is rather an emerging property based on many potentially conflicting facts. This paper explores the processes of knowledge generation and publishing in the molecular biology literature using modelling and analysis of real molecular interaction data. The data analysed in this article were automatically extracted from 50000 research articles in molecular biology using a computer system called GeneWays containing a natural language processing module. The paper indicates that truthfulness of statements is associated in the minds of scientists with the relative importance (connectedness) of substances under study, revealing a potential selection bias in the reporting of research results. Aiming at understanding the statistical properties of the life cycle of biological facts reported in research articles, we formulate a stochastic model describing generation and propagation of knowledge about molecular interactions through scientific publications. We hope that in the future such a model can be useful for automatically producing consensus views of molecular interaction data.
Oxygen transfer in animal cell culture medium (1987)

Abstract Both k L a and k L measurements were carried out by an unsteady state technique at impeller speeds ranging from 1.6 to 5.8 s −1 in a mechanically agitated animal cell culture vessel of working volume 1.5 L. Checks were made that the time constant of the oxygen electrode was negligible compared to the time for aeration and that the oxygen electrode reading was not a function of agitator speed in the range employed. The k L values by surface aeration of (1.18–3.54) × 10 −5 m/s and k L a values by sparged aeration of (2.8–8.5) × 10 −4 s −1 were found. The former are in reasonable agreement with published experimental values and the latter in accord with values estimated from published correlations based on agitator power input and aeration rate. The fluids used were water, basal medium, and basal medium supplemented with 5% (v/v) foetal calf serum; for each of these, k L and k L a values were similar. However, the addition of silicone antifoam (6 PPM) reduced the k L a value by ca. 50%.
Itraconazole Modulates Hedgehog, WNT/β-catenin, as well as Akt Signalling, and Inhibits Proliferation of Cervical Cancer Cells (2017)

Itraconazole is a multi-targeting anticancer agent and a promising therapeutic agent for cervical cancer.
<i>Bacillus</i> Spores in the Food Industry: A Review on Resistance and Response to Novel Inactivation Technologies (2016)

The importance and challenges presented by Bacillus spores in the food industry are briefly outlined with a focus on Bacillus cereus. The structure and the mechanism of resistance exhibited by Bacillus spores are described, and the steps involved in their germination are included. Novel technologies, using no or only mild heat treatments, to inactivate Bacillus spores are covered, including ultraviolet radiation, pulsed electric field, and high-pressure processing, both as stand-alone techniques or techniques as part of a hurdle approach.
Increases in Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Levels by the Oral Growth Hormone Secretagogue MK-0677 in the Beagle Are Dependent upon Pituitary Mediation (1999)

It has been well established that the spiroindoline sulfonamide MK-0677 stimulates GH secretion from the pituitary both in vitro and in vivo. MK-0677 has also been shown to increase serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and cortisol levels in vivo; these increases are assumed to be driven by the increased serum GH and ACTH levels, respectively. However, such increases could also be due to a direct stimulatory action of MK-0677 at the level of the liver and adrenal cortex. To address this possibility, we investigated whether MK-0677 increased IGF-I and cortisol levels in hypophysectomized dogs. Baseline GH, IGF-I, and cortisol responses to MK-0677 (1 mg/kg, orally) were initially determined. Hypophysectomy (hypox; n = 7) or sham surgery (sham; n = 5) was then carried out. Six days postsurgery, the GH and cortisol responses to MK-0677 were reevaluated in each dog. In addition, each dog was treated with porcine GH (PST; 0.1 IU/kg, sc) to confirm the responsiveness of the GH-IGF-I axis. The mean peak GH increases in response to MK-0677 in the pre-sham dogs (83.7 ± 19.2 ng/ml), post-sham dogs (108 ± 26.2 ng/ml), and pre-hypox dogs (121.2 ± 13.6 ng/ml) were not significantly different. Mean peak GH levels were unchanged after MK-0677 administration in the hypox dogs (2.3 ± 0.7 ng/ml). Before surgery, serum IGF-I levels increased to 243 ± 27 and 224 ± 47 ng/ml in the sham and hypox groups, respectively, after MK-0677 administration. Surgery was associated with a marked (≥50%) decrease in serum IGF-I levels. MK-0677 administration increased IGF-I levels in the sham dogs from 78 ± 14 to 187 ± 31 ng/ml, whereas IGF-I levels remained unchanged (17.7 ± 2.4 ng/ml) in the hypox dogs. PST treatment increased IGF-I levels in the sham dogs from 162 ± 30 to 325 ± 32 ng/ml. In the hypox dogs PST treatment restored IGF-I to physiological levels (from 17.7 ± 2.4 to 199 ± 41 ng/ml). Cortisol was increased after MK-0677 administration 3.7-fold in the pre-sham, 3.6-fold in the post-sham, and 3.6-fold in the pre-hypox dogs, but no increase was seen in the post-hypox dogs. ACTH GEL administration (2.2 U/kg, im) to hypox dogs returned cortisol to normal physiological levels, demonstrating the functional integrity of the adrenal cortex. This study demonstrates that the GH secretagogue MK-0677 does not directly stimulate an increase in serum IGF-I or cortisol levels, but depends upon the presence of an intact pituitary.
SYNTHESIS AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF VINYL POLYMERINORGANIC HYBRID AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS (2000)

We describe the sol-gel synthesis of a new family of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, in which various vinylpolymers are covalently bonded to and uniformly distributed in inorganic oxide matrices. The materials can be tailored tohave both good toughness and hardness while maintaining excellent optical transparency. Doping the sol-gel metal oxideswith optically active compounds such as D-glucose results in new optical rotatory composite materials. Removal of thedopant compounds from the composites affords mesoporous oxide materials, which represents a new, nonsurfactant-templated route to mesoporous molecular sieves. We have successfully immobilized a series of enzymes and other bioactiveagents in mesoporous materials. Catalytical activities of the enzyme encapsulated in mesoporous materials were found to bemuch higher than those encapsulated in microporous materials.
Failure of hydrocortisone or growth factors to influence the senescence of fibroblasts in a new culture system for assessing replicative lifespan (1981)

It has been reported that the replicative lifespan of human fibroblasts can be substantially extended by supplementing the growth medium with hydrocortisone or increased levels of serum proteins. These observations have been made only on cell populations transferred many times at high cell density, and cumulative population doublings have been recorded, rather than a more direct measure of cell division potential. We have measured the replicative potential of human fibroblasts cultured so as to avoid conditions of high cell density, medium depletion, and departure from exponential growth. Two fetal lung and two newborn foreskin fibroblast strains were serially passaged in the presence or absence of hydrocortisone (HC), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) until they senesced. At each passage cells were plated at densities sufficiently low that colony-forming efficiency could be calculated. We determined cumulative population doublings and also estimated the number of cell generations attained under each condition. FGF caused small but possibly significant changes, while HC and EGF failed to substantially alter replicative lifespan. The reported effect of HC on the doubling potential of fetal lung fibroblasts is therefore not an inevitable action of this hormone on the senescence mechanism, but may instead depend for its apparent activity on the passage regimen used. The fibroblast's insensitivity to EGF as a modulator of replicative potential, as compared with the keratinocyte, whose lifespan can be tripled by EGF, implies that the mechanisms limiting the replicative potential of these two cell types are not identical.
Highly Efficient Porphyrin Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2007)

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Lack of a correlation between p53 protein expression and radiation response in human tumor primary cultures (1995)

We investigated the possible relationship between immunohistochemically detected p53 expression and in vitro response to gamma-irradiation in 24 primary cultures of human ovarian cancers and cutaneous melanomas. The frequency of p53-positive tumors was around 60% within each tumor histotype. The range of the surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) was similar in p53-positive (0.10-0.76) and p53-negative (0.23-0.65) tumors, with median values of 0.36 and 0.33, respectively. No differences were observed in the accumulation of DNA-double strand breaks, assessed by neutral filter elution after exposure to 50 Gy, between p53-positive and p53-negative tumors. As regards DNA lesion repair, after 2 h of recovery the percentage of rejoined DNA-double strand breaks ranged from 19% to 99% in the different cultures, but again the distribution of values was similar for p53-positive and p53-negative tumors. Specifically, the median percentage of repaired DNA-double strand breaks was 70% and 74% in the two groups. On the whole, our data do not support the hypothesis that p53 overexpression is a major determinant of in vitro radiation response.
Role of wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 in cancer (2017)

Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase (Wip1) is a member of the protein phosphatase type 2C family and is an established oncogene due to its dephosphorylation of several tumor suppressors and negative control of the DNA damage response system. It has been reported to dephosphorylate p53, ataxia telangiectasia mutated, checkpoint kinase 1 and p38 mitogen activated protein kinases, forming negative feedback loops to inhibit apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Wip1 serves a major role in tumorigenesis, progression, invasion, distant metastasis and apoptosis in various types of human cancer. Therefore, it may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Furthermore, previous evidence has revealed a new role for Wip1 in the regulation of chemotherapy resistance. In the present review, the current knowledge on the role of Wip1 in cancer is discussed, as well as its potential as a novel target for cancer treatment and its function in chemotherapy resistance.
Distinguishing fall activities from normal activities by angular rate characteristics and high-speed camera characterization (2006)

Distinguishing sideways and backward falls from normal activities of daily living using angular rate sensors (gyroscopes) was explored in this paper. Gyroscopes were secured on a shirt at the positions of sternum (S), front of the waist (FW) and right underarm (RU) to measure angular rate in lateral and sagittal planes of the body during falls and normal activities. Moreover, the motions of the fall incidents were captured by a high-speed camera at a frame rate of 250 frames per second (fps) to study the body configuration during fall. The high-speed camera and the sensor data capture system were activated simultaneously to synchronize the picture frame of high-speed camera and the sensor data. The threshold level for each sensor was set to distinguish fall activities from normal activities. Lead time of fall activities (time after threshold value is surpassed to the time when the hip hits the ground) and relative angle of body configuration (angle beta between the vertical line and the line from the center point of the foot or the center point between the two legs to that of the waist) at the threshold level were studied. For sideways falls, lead times of sensors at positions FW and S were about 200-220ms and 135-182ms, respectively. The lead time of the slippery backward fall (about 98ms) from the sensor at position RU was shorter than that of the sideways falls from the sensors at positions FW and S. The relative angle of body configuration at threshold level for sideways and backward falls were about 40-43 degrees for the sensor at position FW, about 43-52 degrees for the sensor at position S and about 54 degrees for the sensor at position RU, respectively. This is the first study that investigates fall dynamics in detection of fall before the person hits the ground using angular rate sensors (gyroscopes).
A Study on the Optimal Design of Large-scale Photovoltaic Array (2011)

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