gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IMP Dehydrogenase Inhibitors as Immunomodulators (1993)

IMP dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in the de novo pathway of purine biosynthesis and is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the formation of guanine ribonucleotides from inosine monophosphate. Mizoribine, an immunosuppressive agent in wide-spread clinical use in Japan, has been demonstrated to inhibit this enzyme. We have investigated the effects of mizoribine on human T cell activation. Stimulation of purified human peripheral blood T lymphocytes with phorbol ester and ionomycin leads to a five-fold increase in guanine ribonucleotide levels over 72 hours. The addition of mizoribine to these cultures at concentrations that are achieved in vivo leads to a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation and concomitant 50% decrease in guanine ribonucleotide levels, an effect that is reversible with the addition of guanosine, which repletes the GTP pool. Similar effects are seen with direct stimulation via the CD3/T cell receptor complex. Inhibition of proliferation occurs at the G1/S interface of the cell cycle and is additive to that produced by cyclosporine. In order to determine whether inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase is a common mechanism of immunosuppression for drugs such as azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine that interfere with purine biosynthesis, we compared the effects of these agents on the metabolism of purified T lymphocytes. The results of these studies demonstrate that mizoribine and mycophenolic acid, a highly specific inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase, inhibit proliferation directly by the depletion of guanine ribonucleotides; 6-mercaptopurine, on the other hand, has a mixed effect on adenine and guanine ribonucleotide pools, whereas azathioprine inhibits proliferation by a mechanism completely independent of its effects on the purine metabolic pathway. We conclude from these studies that inhibitors of IMP dehydrogenase have potential as specific immunosuppressive agents.
Magnetically confined inductively coupled plasma etching reactor (1995)

A planar radio frequency (rf) inductively coupled plasma etching system has been constructed. The plasma is confined by an external multidipole magnetic bucket made of Nd–Fe–B magnets. This magnetically confined inductively coupled plasma system is equipped with a helium backside-cooled electrostatic wafer chuck and a loadlock chamber. A single-sided planar Langmuir probe was used to map electron velocity distribution functions (EVDFs) radially and axially for both Ar and N2 plasmas with rf power up to 1 kW at low pressure (2 mTorr). By rotating the single-sided probe, the authors found that the EVDFs are noticeably anisotropic. The values of the plasma potential, which were highly uniform radially, were independent of the probe orientation, but those of the floating potential depended strongly on it. The radial uniformity and the absolute magnitude of the plasma potential are confirmed by measurements using an emissive probe. The Langmuir probe measurements showed some deviations from Maxwellian EVDFs for both Ar and N2 plasmas. Because of the multidipole confinement the plasma densities are quite uniform axially, and the radial uniformity improves as the axial distance from the quartz window increases. The rf plasma potential fluctuations were also measured, using a capacitive probe.
High sensitivity in-plane strain measurement using a laser scanning technique (2014)

Unevenly distributed thermal strain, among materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) within electronic packages under operation, affects the working performance for the whole unit. The points that experience the highest strain are most likely to be the failure locations. Knowledge of the strain distribution across the package is in great need in order to analyze the failure mechanism and consequently to improve the design of the packaging. The well-known strain mapping techniques presently in use include Moiré and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The former is featured as a full-field and highly sensitive strain sensing technique but is inadequate for spatial resolution when the strain variation of the interested area is very small. The latter is capable of achieving high strain sensitivity and high spatial resolution, but compromises the field of view. This work is to develop a strain sensing technique with high strain sensitivity and high spatial resolution while simultaneously achieving a large field of view. High strain sensitivity is validated by comparing the measured CTE values with reference values from homogenous materials. The system currently in use is capable of making measurements at the 10-micro strain scale which was proven by accurately measuring the CTE of Si. The spatial resolution has been studied by performing a one-dimensional scan across the pre-defined patterns with specific feature sizes. The designed SU-8/Si pattern is to model electronic packages with a simplified structure. Further studies will be continued on electronic packages.
A solution to the inverse kinematic problem in robotics using neural network processing (1989)

A solution algorithm is presented using the T.T. Hopfield and D.W. Tank (Biol. Cybern., vol.52, p.1-12, 1985) analog neural computation scheme to implement the Jacobian control technique. The states of neurons represent joint velocities of a manipulator, and the connection weights are determined from the current value of the Jacobian matrix. The network energy function is constructed so that its minimum corresponds to the minimum least square error between actual and desired joint velocities. At each sampling time, connection weights and neuron states are updated according to current joint positions. During each sampling period, the energy function is minimized and joint velocity command signals are obtained as the states of the Hopfield network. The network dynamics are analyzed using a closed-loop control structure. Simulation shows that this method is capable of solving the inverse kinematic problem for a planar redundant manipulator in real time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lysogenic conversion of Salmonella typhimurium bacteriophages A3 and A4 consists of O-acetylation of rhamnose of the repeating unit of the O-antigenic polysaccharide chain (1987)

Lysogenization of Salmonella typhimurium with either of the bacteriophages A3 and A4 results in O-acetylation of the L-rhamnose residues of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide of the bacterial cell envelope. The O-acetyl group is found on both O-2 and O-3 of the L-rhamnosyl residues. This lysogenic conversion prevents the adsorption of the A3 and A4 phages and also greatly reduces the rate of adsorption of phage P22 to the O-polysaccharide chain as measured by binding studies with whole bacteria. Isolated lipopolysaccharide from A3- and A4-lysogenized bacteria was also inefficient in inactivating these phages: the concentration required for 50% inactivation was 10,000-fold higher than that for lipopolysaccharide from S. typhimurium not lysogenized by any A phage. Binding of phages A3 and A4 is accompanied by hydrolysis of the alpha-1,3 linkage between rhamnose and galactose in the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide. Phage hydrolysis generates saccharides of various lengths, the majority being dodecasaccharides, i.e., equivalent to three repeating units. It is surmised that O-acetylation of the rhamnosyl residue interferes with phage A3, A4, and P22 infection by preventing binding to and hydrolysis of the O-polysaccharide chain, the initial step in the phage infection cycle. The new O-acetyl-rhamnose entities did not elicit specific antibodies in rabbits in accordance with earlier experiences. The O-acetylation of O-2 and O-3 of rhamnose is a new, hitherto unknown, modification of the O-polysaccharide chain of S. typhimurium.
<i>KRAS</i> Testing and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Treatment for Colorectal Cancer in Community Settings (2012)

In this delivery setting, KRAS testing is widely used to guide treatment decisions with EGFR inhibitors in patients with mCRCs. An important future research goal is to evaluate utilization of KRAS testing in other delivery settings in the United States.
Structure-taste relationships among cyclic glycols, levoglucosan, and methyl glycopyranosides (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure-taste relationships among cyclic glycols, levoglucosan, and methyl glycopyranosidesJames C. Goodwin, John E. Hodge, Earl C. Nelson, and Kathleen A. WarnerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1981, 29, 5, 929–935Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00107a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00107a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discovery of a long-lived low-lying isomeric state in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>80</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math> (2010)

Collinear laser spectroscopy was performed on the $^{80}\mathrm{Ga}$ isotope at ISOLDE, CERN. A low-lying isomeric state with a half-life much greater than $200$ ms was discovered. The nuclear spins and moments of the ground and isomeric states and the isomer shift are discussed. Probable spins and parities are assigned to both long-lived states (${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${6}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) deduced from a comparison of the measured moments to shell-model calculations.
Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Helicene‐Like Molecules (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The active site and catalytic mechanism of NiFe hydrogenases (2003)

This Perspective describes, from our own personal experiences, how the architecture of the NiFe hydrogenase active site has been elucidated by a combination of protein crystallography, Electron paramagnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies. Thus within a period of eight years our perception of the active center has changed from a mononuclear Ni center with S and N/O coordination to a binuclear NiFe unit with thiolate (to Ni and Fe) and CO and CN− (to Fe) ligands. This biologically unusual organometallic cluster poses a real challenge in terms of understanding the role of its different components. Current ideas concerning the NiFe hydrogenase catalytic mechanism are discussed in this context.
The immunogenicity and safety of a reduced PRP-content DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine when administered according to the accelerated EPI schedule (2010)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00473668.
Distribution of Type VI Collagen in the Cartilaginous Tissue of the Proximal Tibia in the Domestic Cat (2005)

To investigate the distribution of the early stage chondrocytes during the formation and closure of epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) of the domestic cat, we examined the EGP of proximal tibiae by immunohistochemistry for type VI collagen. In the epiphyseal cartilage without the secondary ossification center (SOC) and EGP in newborn cats aged 1 and 10 days, type VI collagen-positive chondrocytes were located around the cartilage canals and articular surface. In the epiphyseal cartilage with the SOC and EGP in young cats aged 1 to 3 months, type VI collagen-positive chondrocytes were located in the upper resting zone of the EGP, and then increased throughout the resting zone along with maturation. In the adult cats with the partially closed EGP, type VI collagen-positive chondrocytes were distributed throughout the remaining EGP. These findings indicate that the early stage chondrocytes characterized with type VI collagen are continuously located in the EGP during maturation. In addition, the increase of the early stage chondrocytes and the decrease of the reserve chondrocytes in the EGP along with maturation may cause the cessation of the longitudinal growth of the EGP, and finally bring about the EGP closure.
The Effects of Strength Training on the Lower Extremity Biomechanics of Female Recreational Athletes during a Stop-Jump Task (2008)

Strength training as a single intervention method may not be sufficient to reduce the risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury in female recreational athletes.
Stimulatory effect of a specific substance P antagonist (RPR 100893) of the human NK1 receptor on the estradiol-induced LH and FSH surges in the ovariectomized cynomolgus monkey (1997)

Utilizing a human NK1 receptor antagonist (RPR 100893), the present in vivo study was designed to test the hypothesis that endogenous substance P (SP) modulates the action of 17beta-estradiol in inducing luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) surges in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkey. Plasma concentrations of LH and FSH as well as NK1 receptor antagonist and SP were measured during the development of the negative and positive feedback phases which follow a single administration of estradiol benzoate (50 microg/kg) to long-term ovariectomized monkeys. Daily administration by gastric intubation of 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg of the NK1 receptor antagonist (RPR 100893) leads to detectable levels of the antagonist in the blood of treated animals for at least 6 hr after its administration. These levels are in agreement with the experimentally determined IC50 value of the antagonist. The most striking finding of this study is that LH and FSH releases are enhanced during the descending arm of the estradiol benzoate-induced LH and FSH surges, which suggests that endogenous SP normally has an inhibitory role during this time. The enhancement of LH release is approximately 50%, regardless of the amount of the NK1 antagonist used. However, the enhanced FSH release is more important. Furthermore, blockade of the NK1 receptor with the smaller dose of the antagonist leads to a small, but significant, increase in plasma levels of SP, indicating that blockade of SP receptors leads to an increased release of SP. Collectively, these results further substantiate the link which exists between the ovarian steroid 17beta-estradiol and SP systems. Also, for the first time, these results demonstrate an inhibitory involvement of the human NK1 receptor in the 17beta-estradiol-induced pseudo-ovulatory gonadotropin surges in the ovariectomized monkey.
Inferring Human Activity in Mobile Devices by Computing Multiple Contexts (2015)

This paper introduces a framework for inferring human activities in mobile devices by computing spatial contexts, temporal contexts, spatiotemporal contexts, and user contexts. A spatial context is a significant location that is defined as a geofence, which can be a node associated with a circle, or a polygon; a temporal context contains time-related information that can be e.g., a local time tag, a time difference between geographical locations, or a timespan; a spatiotemporal context is defined as a dwelling length at a particular spatial context; and a user context includes user-related information that can be the user's mobility contexts, environmental contexts, psychological contexts or social contexts. Using the measurements of the built-in sensors and radio signals in mobile devices, we can snapshot a contextual tuple for every second including aforementioned contexts. Giving a contextual tuple, the framework evaluates the posteriori probability of each candidate activity in real-time using a Naïve Bayes classifier. A large dataset containing 710,436 contextual tuples has been recorded for one week from an experiment carried out at Texas A&M University Corpus Christi with three participants. The test results demonstrate that the multi-context solution significantly outperforms the spatial-context-only solution. A classification accuracy of 61.7% is achieved for the spatial-context-only solution, while 88.8% is achieved for the multi-context solution.
Web Mining and Text Mining (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Web Mining Web Content, Structure, and Usage Mining HITS and LOGSOM Algorithms Mining Path–Traversal Patterns PageRank Algorithm Text Mining Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) Review Questions and Problems References for Further Study
Process for Calcium Retention During Skim Milk Ultrafiltration (2003)

Lactose is separated from milk or other fluid dairy products for a variety of reasons. Ultrafiltration is a known process of removing lactose from these products. However, during ultrafiltration, valuable minerals, such as calcium in soluble form, are also lost into permeate. In this study, a process was developed in which first the lactose reduction in skim milk was achieved by ultrafiltration (4x volumetric concentration) using a 10-kDa membrane. Then, the calcium present in permeate was precipitated using one of three methods: 1) heat treatment, 2) pH adjustment, or 3) a combination of pH adjustment and heat treatment to permeate, then recovered by refiltering permeate. The process was first developed at laboratory scale, and then its applicability was tested at the pilot scale. Skim milk, retentates, permeates, and the treated permeates were analyzed for total solids, ash, protein, or total nitrogen, calcium, and lactose content. About 76% of the total lactose and about 16% of the calcium present in skim milk permeated through the membrane during ultrafiltration. The three treatments applied produced white precipitates and turned the clear permeates turbid. On refiltering the treated permeates approximately 42, approximately 50, and approximately 70% of the total calcium present could be recovered from 1) heat-treated, 2) pH-adjusted, and 3) pH-adjusted and heat-treated permeates, respectively. There was no marked change in the lactose content due to any of the three treatments and subsequent refiltering of the treated permeates.
Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP (1998)

HTTP allows web site authors to put multiple versions of the same
information under a single URL. Transparent content negotiation is an
extensible negotiation mechanism, layered on top of HTTP, for
automatically selecting the best version when the URL is accessed.
This enables the smooth deployment of new web data formats and markup
tags. This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
‘Not So Much a Programme, More a Way of Life’ (1970)

‘Not So Much a Programme, More a Way of Life’ Get access Peter M. Lewis Peter M. Lewis Assistant Education Officer The Independent Television Authority Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Screen, Volume 11, Issue 4-5, July/October 1970, Pages 16–30, https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/11.4-5.16 Published: 01 July 1970
Characterization of a Theta-Type Plasmid from <i>Lactobacillus sakei</i> : a Potential Basis for Low-Copy-Number Vectors in Lactobacilli (2003)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the 13-kb plasmid pRV500, isolated from Lactobacillus sakei RV332, was determined. Sequence analysis enabled the identification of genes coding for a putative type I restriction-modification system, two genes coding for putative recombinases of the integrase family, and a region likely involved in replication. The structural features of this region, comprising a putative ori segment containing 11- and 22-bp repeats and a repA gene coding for a putative initiator protein, indicated that pRV500 belongs to the pUCL287 subfamily of theta-type replicons. A 3.7-kb fragment encompassing this region was fused to an Escherichia coli replicon to produce the shuttle vector pRV566 and was observed to be functional in L. sakei for plasmid replication. The L. sakei replicon alone could not support replication in E. coli. Plasmid pRV500 and its derivative pRV566 were determined to be at very low copy numbers in L. sakei. pRV566 was maintained at a reasonable rate over 20 generations in several lactobacilli, such as Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus plantarum, in addition to L. sakei, making it an interesting basis for developing vectors. Sequence relationships with other plasmids are described and discussed.
Direct Screening for Phosphatase Activity by Turnover-Based Capture of Protein Catalysts This work was supported by BBSRC studentships (to J.B. and H.D.), by an EPSRC studentship (to J.H.R.), and by an EC TMR studentship (to S.C.-T.). (2002)

Disulfide exchange leads to the attachment of phosphate ester 1 to a solid surface, which can then be used in turnover selection to screen a large library of proteins for phosphate monoester hydrolysis activity. This ester hydrolysis leads to formation of an electrophilic quinone methide 2, which bonds covalently to the protein catalyst and links it to the surface for selection.
Fibulin‐2 expression marks transformed mesenchymal cells in developing cardiac valves, aortic arch vessels, and coronary vessels (2001)

Previous studies showed that extracellular matrix protein, fibulin-2, is expressed during epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in the endocardial cushion matrix during embryonic heart development. Our current study revealed that, in addition to the cardiac valvuloseptal formation, fibulin-2 is synthesized by the smooth muscle precursor cells of developing aortic arch vessels and the coronary endothelial cells that are originated from neural crest cells and epicardial cells, respectively. In the cardiac valves and the aortic arch vessels, fibulin-2 expression shows robust up-regulation when the transformed mesenchymal cells migrate into the existing extracellular matrix. In the epicardium, epicardial cells produce fibulin-2 upon their migration over the myocardial surface and its expression persists throughout coronary vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Fibulin-2 is produced by the endothelial cells of coronary arteries and veins but not by the capillary endothelial cells in the myocardium. Thus, fibulin-2 not only uniquely marks the transformed mesenchymal cells during mouse embryonic cardiovascular development, but also indicates vascular endothelial cells of coronary arteries and veins in postnatal life.