gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and analysis of the core protein of the protease-resistant intracellular chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan from the interleukin 3-dependent mouse mast cell. (1985)

Chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan was extracted in the presence of protease inhibitors from 6 X 10(9) mouse bone marrow-derived, interleukin 3-dependent mast cells, of which 3 X 10(7) had been biosynthetically labeled with [35S]sulfate or [3H]glycine. Chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan was purified to apparent homogeneity by density-gradient centrifugation, differential molecular weight dialysis, DEAE-52 ion exchange chromatography, and Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration chromatography. Chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan, radiolabeled with [3H]glycine or [35S]sulfate, filtered as a single peak of radioactivity on Sepharose CL-4B with a Kav of 0.41. When purified [3H]glycine-labeled proteoglycan was digested with chondroitinase ABC and subjected to gel filtration, all of the radioactivity was shifted to a lower molecular weight. As assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the Mr of the peptide core obtained by chondroitinase ABC treatment was approximately 10,000. The purified proteoglycan was resistant to degradation by collagenase, clostripain, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, chymopapain, V8 protease, proteinase K, and Pronase, as assessed by gel filtration chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analysis of the core peptide of the intact proteoglycan revealed that glycine, serine, and glutamic acid/glutamine accounted for 70% of the total amino acids and were present in a molar ratio of 4.3/1.6/1.0. When analyzed for neutral hexose content by gas-liquid chromatography, the proteoglycan contained approximately 2% of its weight as mannose, fucose, galactose, and other sugars, indicating that oligosaccharides were linked to the peptide core. The mouse bone marrow-derived mast cell chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan, like the rat serosal mast cell heparin proteoglycan, is markedly protease resistant, has highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans, and contains a peptide core that is rich in serine and glycine. These characteristics of the mast cell class of intracellular proteoglycans may contribute to their function in stimulus-induced granule secretion as well as in mediator storage, including retention of cationic neutral proteases.
Specific ion effects on the growth rates of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>and<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2005)

Motivated by recent advances in the physical and chemical basis of the Hofmeister effect, we measured the rate cell growth of S. aureus--a halophilic pathogenic bacterium--and of P. aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, in the presence of different aqueous salt solutions at different concentrations (0.2, 0.6 and 0.9 M). Microorganism growth rates depend strongly on the kind of anion in the growth medium. In the case of S. aureus, chloride provides a favorable growth medium, while both kosmotropes (water structure makers) and chaotropes (water structure breakers) reduce the microorganism growth. In the case of P. aeruginosa, all ions affect adversely the bacterial survival. In both cases, the trends parallel the specific ion, or Hofmeister, sequences observed in a wide range of physico-chemical systems. The correspondence with specific ion effect obtained in other studies, on the activities of a DNA restriction enzyme, of horseradish peroxidase, and of Lipase A (Aspergillus niger) is particularly striking. This work provides compelling evidence for Hofmeister effects, physical chemistry in action, in these organisms.
Internet banking: a customer-centric perspective (2003)

Many financial institutions are actively developing new electronic banking products for their retail customers. These efforts are can succeed only if their managers focus the promotion of the new services toward those customers who are most likely to find them attractive. The analysis of a 6-branch financial institution presented in this study suggests that institutions are vulnerable to loss of customers to rivals with extensive online services. The likelihood of current customers being tempted to do business online with another institution was shown to increase with the level of customer transaction use on the Internet. Current customer account relationships are found to be predictive of electronic services use in general. And, interest in the use of specific online services is related to differing customer relationships in addition to ordinary demographic and balance information. These findings can be useful in identifying potential users from a customer relationship management perspective.
The Economics of Natural Disasters (2018)

When natural disasters hit, the victims may feel as if there is no chance of recovery. In fact, those far away may feel the same way. Observing the destruction of homes, businesses, infrastructure, and the environment, one might wonder if it is possible to get back to normal. In rare cases, the return to pre-disaster normal is impossible. It is far more likely, however, that the recovery will ultimately make conditions as good or better than they were before the disaster.
Ultra‐strong and Low‐Density Nanotubular Bulk Materials with Tunable Feature Sizes (2014)

The synthesis of ultralow-density (>5 mg/cm(3) ) bulk materials with interconnected nanotubular morphology and deterministic, fully tunable feature size, composition, and density is presented. A thin-walled nanotubular design realized by employing templating based on atomic layer deposition makes the material about 10 times stronger and stiffer than aerogels of the same density.
Preventing and Treating Parastomal Hernia (2005)

Parastomal hernia represents a major surgical challenge. There is no uniform definition of parastomal hernia, and the true rate is therefore difficult to establish, although it is probably higher than 30%. Many surgical techniques have been tried to prevent and treat parastomal hernia; but despite these efforts, herniation continues to be a problem. The only method that has reduced the rate of parastomal hernia in a randomized trial is the use of a prophylactic prosthetic mesh. A large-pore low-weight mesh with reduced polypropylene content and a high proportion of absorbable material placed in a sublay position at the primary operation significantly reduces the rate of parastomal hernia. Recurrence rates after surgical treatment of parastomal hernia are high unless mesh is used. Relocation of the stoma, with prophylactic mesh in a sublay position at the new site and sublay mesh repairing the incisional hernia at the primary site, is the standard method for treating parastomal hernia in our department.
Developmental Spelling in Fourth Grade: An Analysis of What Poor Readers Do (1996)

Since Carol Chomsky (1971a, 1971b) and Charles Read (1971) published their pioneer reports on the development of writing behaviors in young children, examinations of the developmental or invented spellings of emergent writers have contributed to changes in emphases in early literacy instruction. Before that time educators seldom advocated writing experiences for children before they learned to read (Adams, 1990). During the past twenty-five years, there have been careful descriptions and analyses of the developmental stages and strategies of young children who experiment with and work through patterns of spelling while discovering written language. As a result of this body of work, more teachers have learned to decipher and assess the development of spellings of preschoolers and primary grade students. The increased ability to understand beginning attempts with print of the youngest writers has no doubt contributed to the encouragement of story writing, journals, and other writing activities from the earliest school years. Fortunately, the increase in opportunities to write also enhances the development of phonemic awareness and word recognition, both of which are predictors of future reading success (Gill, 1992; Juel, Griffith, and Gough, 1986; Perfetti, 1985; Tunmer and Nesdale, 1985).
Soluble Expression of Disulfide Bond Containing Proteins FGF15 and FGF19 in the Cytoplasm of Escherichia coli (2014)

Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is the human ortholog of mouse FGF15, and both proteins function as an endocrine signal to regulate various liver functions. FGF15/FGF19 protein contains two disulfide bonds. It is unfavorable to form disulfide bonds in Escherichia coli (E. coli) cytoplasm because of the bacterial cytoplasmic reducing environment. Modification of the cytoplasmic reducing environment and/or co-expression of protein chaperones are common strategies to express disulfide bond containing proteins in E. coli. In the current study, we report a method to produce soluble FGF15/FGF19 protein in cytoplasm of E. coli. Several commercial available strains with the disruption of thiol-redox pathways, and/or co-expression of redoxase or refolding chaperones were used to develop this novel method for expression of FGF15/FGF19 in E. coli. Mutation of the thiol-disulfide bond reducing pathway in E. coli or N-terminal fusion of thioredox (TRX) alone is not enough to support disulfide bond formation in FGF15/19 proteins. However, TRX fusion protein improved FGF19 solubility in strains of thiol-redox system mutants. In addition, DsbC co-expressed in thiol-redox system mutants alone improved and further enhanced FGF19 solubility with combination of TRX fusion tag. The soluble FGF19 proteins were easily purified through Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and anion exchange chromatography, and the purified protein maintained its biological activities, confirmed by suppressing hepatic Cyp7a1 gene transcription in mice and by activating ERK1/2 signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. In contrast, soluble FGF15 protein in cytoplasm remained very low using these strategies. In summary, we have successfully developed a method to express functional FGF19 protein in prokaryotic cells, and this strategy may be adapted for the expression of other disulfide-containing proteins.
Antiviral Activity of Plant Flavonoid, 5,7,4'-Trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone, from the Roots of Scutellaria baicalensis against Influenza A (H3N2) and B Viruses. (1995)

We investigated effects of isoscutellarein-8-methylether (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone, F36) from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis on the single-cycle replication of mouse-adapted influenza viruses A/Guizhou/54/89 (H3N2 subtype) and B/Ibaraki/2/85 in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The agent suppressed replication of these viruses from 6 to 12 h after incubation in a dose-dependent manner by 50% at 20 microM and 90% at 40 microM, respectively. F36 (50 microM) reduced the release of B/Ibaraki virus in the medium by 90-93% when it was added to the MDCK cells at 0 to 4 h after incubation. The cell-associated virus determined by sialidase activity was also reduced by the treatment at 0 to 4 h. F36 (120 microM) inhibited the low pH-dependent membrane fusion of both the viruses with the liposome containing mixed gangliosides from bovine brain. However, the agent little affected the hemagglutination and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities of these viruses in vitro. These results suggest that F36 inhibits the replication of A/Guizhou and B/Ibaraki viruses at least partly by inhibiting the fusion of viral envelopes with the endosome/lysosome membrane which occurs at the early stage of the virus infection cycle. F36 (0.5 mg/kg) showed no antiviral activity against A/Guizhou and B/Ibaraki viruses in mice when administered intranasally 5 min prior to virus inoculation, whereas it significantly inhibited their proliferation in the mouse lung when administered intranasally 7 times (total 3.5 mg/kg) from 18 h before to 54 h after virus infection.
Transduction du signal photonique conduisant a la phosphorylation de la phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase chez digitaria sanguinalis : implication et caracterisation d'une phospholipase c specifique des phosphoinositides (2000)

Chez les plantes c 4, la phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) catalyse la fixation photosynthetique primaire du co 2 atmospherique dans le cytosol des cellules de mesophylle. A la lumiere, elle est soumise a une regulation post-traductionnelle par phosphorylation d'un residu serine situe dans un motif consensus de l'extremite n-terminale de la proteine. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de ce travail de these a ete d'apporter des elements de reponse quant au role d'une phospholipase c specifique des phosphoinositides (pi-plc) dans la chaine de transduction du signal photonique menant a la phosphorylation de la pepc. Dans un premier temps, une approche pharmacologique associee a une etude biochimique de l'enzyme a permis d'etablir la presence d'une activite pi-plc dans la fraction membranaire des protoplastes de mesophylle de digitaria sanguinalis (plante c 4). Cette activite est dependante in vitro du ca 2 +, stimulee par le mg 2 + et le gtps et inhibee par le u-73122. Par ailleurs, l'enzyme presente des similitudes immunologiques avec l'isoforme plc-1 des mammiferes. Les etudes realisees in situ ont montre que l'activite pi-plc est stimulee par la lumiere et le nh 4cl et que le u-73122 inhibe l'augmentation transitoire d'inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (produit de l'activite pi-plc) et la phosphorylation de la pepc. Dans un deuxieme temps, une approche de biologie moleculaire a permis d'isoler et de caracteriser un adnc codant pour une pi-plc (dsplc2) chez d. Sanguinalis. Trois genes de pi-plc seraient presents dans le genome de la plante. L'expression de dsplc2 est observee dans les feuilles et les protoplastes de mesophylle, a la lumiere comme a l'obscurite. Par ailleurs, la structure primaire de la proteine est proche de celle des autres pi-plc vegetales connues et de la plc-1 des mammiferes. Ces resultats permettront de determiner les proprietes et le mecanisme de regulation de dsplc2, ainsi que son role physiologique in planta.
An efficient dynamic indexing and metadata based storage in cloud environment (2014)

Cloud computing is an emerging, computing model wherein the tasks are allocated to software, combination of connections, and services accessed over a network. This connections and network of servers is collectively known as the cloud. In place of operating their own data centers, users might rent computing power and storage capacity from a service provider and pays only for what they use. Cloud storage is delivering the data storage as service. If the data is stored in cloud, it must provide the data access and heterogeneity. With the advances in cloud computing it allows storing of large number of images and data throughout the world. This paper proposes the indexing and metadata management which helps to access the distributed data with reduced latency. The metadata management can be enhanced for large scale file system applications. When designing the metadata, the storage location of the metadata and attributes is important for the efficient retrieval of the data. Indexes are used to quickly locate data without having to search over every location in storage. Based on these two models, the data can be easily fetched and the search time was reduced to retrieve the appropriate data.
GreenCloud (2009)

Nowadays, power consumption of data centers has huge impacts on environments. Researchers are seeking to find effective solutions to make data centers reduce power consumption while keep the desired quality of service or service level objectives. Virtual Machine (VM) technology has been widely applied in data center environments due to its seminal features, including reliability, flexibility, and the ease of management. We present the GreenCloud architecture, which aims to reduce data center power consumption, while guarantee the performance from users' perspective. GreenCloud architecture enables comprehensive online-monitoring, live virtual machine migration, and VM placement optimization. To verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed architecture, we take an online real-time game, Tremulous, as a VM application. Evaluation results show that we can save up to 27% of the energy when applying GreenCloud architecture.
Endophyte Parasitism of Tall Fescue (1988)

The parasitism of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) by an endophytic fungus is reviewed relative to the biology of the fungus and the symptomless expression within the grass. A consideration of the taxonomy of the fungus as Acremonium coenophialum is presented and justifications for the affinity of the fungus with the clavicipitacious fungus tribe Balansiae is discussed. The in vitro physiology and growth of the fungus in culture is reviewed and related to fungus specific compounds, as well as compounds specific to the association. The ultrastructural morphology of the association, possible growth and survival benefits of infected grass, and data on insect and cattle toxicities suggest that the fungus and fescue formed a symbiotic relationship early in evolution. The economic advantages and future biotechnological uses of this endosymbiotic system, as well as other new combinations of grass species with endophytes, suggest a new and exciting era in forage, turf, and conservation grass development programs.
The problem of scatter correction in positron volume imaging (1993)

Thin, dense interslice septa have long been used to reduce the scattered radiation collected in positron emission tomography (PET). These septa prevent the acquisition of coincident gamma rays that are oblique to the scanning planes. Several volume imaging systems that acquire oblique rays have been built. The reasons why the scatter fraction is intrinsically higher in these systems are discussed, and two different scatter compensation techniques are compared. The comparison uses Monte Carlo simulations to generate average profiles and spectra for typical phantoms and scanning geometries. Comparison results indicate that deconvolution of the total event profiles with a filter adjusted to the object size and good energy discrimination provide an excellent scatter estimate as long as the object's diameter is less than the detector's radius. The profiles derived from a second, lower, energy window are always much flatter than the scattered counts in a window covering the photopeak. They do not match the scattered event profile and are less reliable, being based on a lower number of counts.
Canonical models for mathematical neuroscience (2002)

A major drawback to most mathematical models in neuroscience is that they are either far away from reality or the results depend on the specific model. A promising alternative approach takes advantage of the fact that many complicated systems behave similarly when they operate near critical regimes, such as bifurcations. Using nonlinear dynamical system theory it is possible to prove that all systems near certain critical regimes are governed by the same model, namely a canonical model. Briefly, a model is canonical if there is a continuous change of variables that transforms any other model that is near the same critical regime to this one. Thus, the question of plausibility of a mathematical model is replaced by the question of plausibility of the critical regime. Another advantage of the canonical model approach to neuroscience is that rigorous derivation of the models is possible even when only partial information is known about anatomy and physiology of brain structures. Then, studying canonical models can reveal some general laws and restrictions. In particular, one can determine what certain brain structures cannot accomplish regardless of their mathematical model. Since the existence of such canonical models might sound too good to be true, we present a list of some of them for weakly connected neural networks. Studying such canonical models provides information about all weakly connected neural networks, even those that have not been discovered yet.
Analysis of a marine phototrophic biofilm by confocal laser scanning microscopy using the new image quantification software PHLIP (2006)

The presented case study reveals new insight into the temporal development of a phototrophic biofilm where multi-channel imaging allowed to parallel monitor the dynamics of the individual biofilm components over time. This application of PHLIP presents the power of biofilm image analysis by multi-channel CLSM software and demonstrates the importance of PHLIP for the scientific community as a flexible and extendable image analysis platform for automated image processing.
Decolouration of Real Textile Wastewater with Advanced Oxidation Processes (2003)

The efficiency rates of advanced oxidation processes for the decolouration of different types of textile wastewater taken from textile plants in Łodź were compared on the basis of the results obtained. The wastewater had different compositions and concentrations of pollutants, and the dyeing wastewater was of intense colour. The advanced oxidation processes with the use of ozone, gamma radiation, hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation gave good decolouration results. The efficiency of colour removal depended on the type of wastewater and concentration of pollutants contained therein. The effects of wastewater type, pollutant concentrations, the pH of the solution, process temperature and the amount of oxidising agents, in particular of hydrogen peroxide, on the yield of decomposition of dyes during ozonation were investigated. As a result of the treatment, complete decolouration of the wastewater was obtained. Considering both the experimental results and technological problems, it can be presumed that advanced oxidation with a simultaneous application of ozone and hydrogen peroxide is a very promising technique for potential industrial implementation. Through primary and secondary products of water radiolysis, the ionising radiation causes the decomposition of organic compounds contained in water. It was found that the presence of oxygen in the solution had a positive effect on the rate of destruction process due to its contribution in the chain processes of
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2008)

The death rate in the United States is higher for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) than the death rate for AIDS. It has also been present for much longer than people realize. It is affecting all groups of individuals, children, and adults alike. Moreover, like AIDS, education is the key in preventing the spread of this disease. Because skin-to-skin contact is the main cause of MRSA transmission, simple good hand washing techniques remain crucial. New classes of antibiotics have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for MRSA, as the challenge becomes continued antibiotic resistance.
Vaccination with recombinant Boophilus annulatus Bm86 ortholog protein, Ba86, protects cattle against B. annulatus and B. microplus infestations (2009)

These experiments showed the efficacy of recombinant Ba86 for the control of B. annulatus and B. microplus infestations in cattle and suggested that physiological differences between B. microplus and B. annulatus and those encoded in the sequence of Bm86 orthologs may be responsible for the differences in susceptibility of these tick species to Bm86 vaccines.