gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and expression of cytokeratins in carcinoid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and their probable precursor cells. (1989)

Occurrence and expression of cytokeratins were studied by the immunoperoxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded material from 18 cases of carcinoid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Polyclonal antikeratin for wide spectrum screening was detected in 12 cases; low molecular weight cytokeratins, C19 and CAM5.2 were positive in majority of the cases whereas antikeratins for high molecular weight were negative in all. Similar positive immuno-reactivity with antibodies to cytokeratins were detected in the surrounding epithelial cells. These results suggest that carcinoids of the gastrointestinal tract originate from the endodermal stem cell and differentiates along one or more directions, and the immunohistochemical findings depend upon the direction of their differentiation.
Beta Amyloid-Induced Depression of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation Is Mediated through the Amylin Receptor (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain regions that subserve memory and cognition. The amylin receptor is a potential target receptor for expression of the deleterious actions of soluble oligomeric Aβ species. We investigated whether the amylin receptor antagonist, AC253, neutralizes the depressant effects of Aβ(1-42) and human amylin on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Furthermore, we examined whether depressed levels of LTP observed in transgenic mice, which overexpress amyloid precursor protein (TgCRND8), could be restored with AC253. In mouse hippocampal brain slices, field EPSPs were recorded from the stratum radiatum layer of the CA1 area (cornu ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus) in response to electrical stimulation of Schaeffer collateral afferents. LTP was induced by 3-theta burst stimulation protocols. Aβ(1-42) (50 nM) and human amylin (50 nM), but not Aβ(42-1) (50 nM), depressed LTP evoked using both stimulation protocols. Preapplication of AC253 (250 nM) blocked Aβ- and human amylin-induced reduction of LTP without affecting baseline transmission or LTP on its own. In contrast to wild-type controls, where robust LTP is observed, 6- to 12-month-old TgCRND8 mice show blunted LTP that is significantly enhanced by application of AC253. Our data demonstrate that the effects of Aβ(1-42) and human amylin on LTP are expressed via the amylin receptor, and moreover, blockade of this receptor increases LTP in transgenic mice that show increased brain amyloid burden. Amylin receptor antagonists could serve as potentially useful therapeutic agents in AD.
Progression from Unilateral to Bilateral Parkinsonism in Early Parkinson Disease: Implication of Mesocortical Dopamine Dysfunction by PET (2010)

The finding of bilateral reduction in the striatal (11)C-CFT binding even in HY stage 1 PD patients confirms that molecular changes in the dopamine system precede clinical phenotype, suggesting an advantage of PET for detecting an early abnormality of the disease. The spread of parkinsonism to the unaffected side soon after the diagnosis of HY stage 1 PD may be related to the degree of mesocortical dopamine dysfunction.
In vitro processing of Drosophila melanogaster 5 S ribosomal RNA. 3' end effects and requirement for internal domains of mature 5 S RNA. (1991)

5 S RNA processing in Drosophila melanogaster, the removal of 15 nucleotides from the 3' end of the 135-nucleotide (nt) primary transcript, may play an important role in the regulation of 5 S RNA transport and ribosome assembly. We have uncoupled processing from transcription using gel purified primary transcripts processed in vitro by a cellular S100 extract. The RNA was generated by a homologous transcription system or by a T7 RNA polymerase reaction using a constructed 5 S RNA gene linked to a T7 promoter. In vitro D. melanogaster 5 S RNA processing is heat- and EDTA-sensitive, suggesting a requirement for protein, and produces a 3' end characteristic of mature 5 S RNA. Processing of substrate RNAs with altered 3' ends shows that the 3'-U5 tail (nt 131-135) inhibits the reaction. 30 nt, including all of domain IV and most of domain V, are dispensible for processing, whereas deletions including the base of stem V and all or part of stem III severely inhibit it. Several possible mechanisms are discussed.
INJECTED AND BROADCAST APPLICATION OF COMPOSTED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN COTTON (2002)

Equipment was developed and tested for injection and broadcast application of municipal solid waste (MSW)compost at selected rates to agricultural land for cotton production. Replicated tests were conducted to determine the effectsof injected versus broadcast applied compost on soil parameters (organic matter, soil compaction, and soil fertility) and plantgrowth.<br><br>All broadcast application rates of compost significantly reduced hardpan formation in the top 15 cm of soil compared tono compost application. In addition, all rates of injected material significantly reduced soil compaction in the E andBhorizons (15 to 45 cm). Broadcast application of compost significantly increased soil organic matter content 6 and 12 weeksafter planting proportional to the compost application rate. In addition, soil nitrogen content was significantly higher in thebroadcast application plots 6 weeks after planting. MSW compost (broadcast or injected) significantly increased plant N, P,and K contents compared to no compost application. Increases in plant nitrogen were proportional to application rates. Inaddition, injected application increased plant sulfur compared to no compost application. All rates of compost (injected orbroadcast applications) significantly increased cotton lint yield compared to no compost application. Yield increase wasproportional to application rates. For the 26.9Mg/ha injected application treatment, yield increases were 23, 24, and 44%in 1997, 1998, and 1999, respectively, compared to no compost application.<br><br>Vitazyme increased plant N, P, and K contents with no effects on Ca, Mg, and S. Vitazyme increased cotton lint yield35 kg/ha or 3%. In addition, soil nitrogen content 6 weeks after planting in plots treated with Vitazyme was 12% higher thannoVitazyme plots.
AN APPROACH TOWARDS A BASIC MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION FOR THE SIMULATION OF PROCESS INDUCED DEFORMATIONS (2013)

Parameters for the essential property development models to simulate process induced deformations are estimated based on a minimal set of dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheometer tests.
Effects of Mixed-reality Peer Interactions on Workplace Problem-solving of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (2016)

Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are known to have deficits in problem-solving skills within the realm of social communication, which may pose a barrier to employment (Livermore & Goodman, 2009). The ability to provide appropriate verbal responses is critical to success in an inclusive workplace for people with ID (Alber, Heward, & Hippler, 1999). Foley and colleagues (2013) found individuals with ID with strong communication skills were more likely to be engaged in independent employment than peers with weak communication skills. Furthermore, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA; 2014) mandated improved access to inclusive employment opportunities for people with disabilities. However, social communication for the workplace is a seldom addressed skill (Langford, 2013; Matsumoto & Hwang, 2013b). In an attempt to contribute to the research base surrounding workplace communication skills for individuals with ID the researcher conducted an experimental group design study to examine the effects of mixed-reality virtual peer interactions on workplace problem-solving. The Innovative Facilitation of Requisite Communication Skills for Employment (In-FORCE) intervention consisted of four 5-minute interactions with a virtual avatar playing the role of a peer in the TLE TeachLivE (TLE) virtual environment. Each participant in the treatment group completed the intervention. During interactions participants discussed workplace problem scenarios with the peer avatar, and received coaching and feedback from the avatar. Scenarios were based on a soft skills curriculum from the U.S. DOL (n.d.) and were validated by experts in the field of entry level employment. Problem-solving achievement was measured using a checklist. Checklist data were analyzed between pretest and posttest based on group assignment using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with one factor between. The results of the analysis indicated positive change between pretest and posttest for individual members of the treatment group, but the results were not statistically significant. A possible reason for this lack of significance is the minimal amount of time participants spent engaged in the intervention. The 20 minutes total intervention time was advantageous as it (1) required participants to spend minimal time away from regular daily activities; (2) controlled the emotional impact of the interactions, as 5 minutes in a simulator has been found to have to the emotional equivalence of 30 minutes of human interaction (Dieker, Hynes, Hughes, & Smith, 2008); and (3) it allowed the intervention to be delivered at the cost of $40 per participant. Despite controlling for time in this study, more time engaged in the intervention may have led to more noticeable results. Building upon potential changes and future implications the researcher discusses the findings, implications for problem-solving and employment skills training, and the reconceptualization of research practices for individuals with ID.
Preparation and isolation of immunologically active glycopeptides from carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (1974)

Abstract In order to determine the structure of the tumor‐specific immunodominant group of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of human gastro‐intestinal tumors, immunologically active fragments from this glycoprotein were prepared by partial enzymatic hydrolysis using the proteolytic enzyme nagase. The fragments were purified by sequential molecular sieve, adsorption and ion exchange chromatography, and were analysed for carbohydrate and amino‐acid composition by gas‐liquid chromatography. The antigenic activity of each fragment was tested using both the Z‐gel and Farr radioimmunoassay techniques for CEA. Immunologically active glycopeptides with molecular weights of 1,000–5,000 Daltons, which contained the tumor antigenic determinant of CEA, had relatively high contents of N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine, aspartic acid or asparagine, and glutamic acid or glutamine.
On Compressing Encrypted Data (2004)

When it is desired to transmit redundant data over an insecure and bandwidth-constrained channel, it is customary to first compress the data and then encrypt it. In this paper, we investigate the novelty of reversing the order of these steps, i.e., first encrypting and then compressing, without compromising either the compression efficiency or the information-theoretic security. Although counter-intuitive, we show surprisingly that, through the use of coding with side information principles, this reversal of order is indeed possible in some settings of interest without loss of either optimal coding efficiency or perfect secrecy. We show that in certain scenarios our scheme requires no more randomness in the encryption key than the conventional system where compression precedes encryption. In addition to proving the theoretical feasibility of this reversal of operations, we also describe a system which implements compression of encrypted data.
The ontogeny of hepatic growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor I gene expression in the sheep fetus during late gestation: developmental regulation by cortisol. (1996)

The effects of cortisol on hepatic GH receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene expression were investigated in sheep fetuses during late gestation and after experimental manipulation of plasma cortisol levels by fetal adrenalectomy and exogenous infusion of cortisol. Hepatic GH receptor and IGF-I messenger RNA (mRNA) levels increased with increasing gestational age in parallel with the normal rise in fetal cortisol levels toward term (145 +/- 2 days). These increases in mRNA abundance toward term were prevented when the prepartum cortisol surge was abolished by fetal adrenalectomy and were stimulated prematurely in fetuses younger than 130 days by exogenous infusion of cortisol. Both the class 1 and class 2 transcripts of the IGF-I gene were increased when cortisol levels were elevated either endogenously or exogenously. However, there were no significant changes in fetal plasma IGF-I levels either with increasing gestational age or in response to experimental manipulation of the fetal cortisol level. When the data from all the fetuses were combined irrespective of treatment or gestational age, there were significant positive correlations between the log plasma cortisol concentration in utero and the abundance of GH receptor and IGF-I mRNA in the fetal liver. There was also a significant inverse relationship between log plasma cortisol and the ratio of class 1 to class 2 transcript abundance in the fetal liver. These findings show that cortisol is a physiological regulator of hepatic GH receptor and IGF-I gene expression in fetal sheep during late gestation and indicate that it preferentially increases the class 2 transcript of the IGF-I gene. The prepartum cortisol surge therefore appears to have an important maturational role in initiating the perinatal switch from the fetal to adult modes of somatotrophic regulation.
Bioactive bone cement: Effect of the amount of glass–ceramic powder on bone‐bonding strength (1998)

We examined the influence of the proportion of glass–ceramic powder in a bioactive bone cement of our formula on the bone-bonding ability of cement. Changes in cement bonding with time also were examined. The bioactive bone cement consisted of MgO–CaO–SiO2–P2O5–CaF2 glass–ceramic powder (AW–GC powder) and bisphenol–α–glycidyl methacrylate (Bis–GMA)-based resin. AW–GC powder was added to the cement as 0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 80% w/w. Rectangular plates (2 × 10 × 15 mm) of each cement with polished surfaces were implanted into the proximal metaphysis of the tibiae of male rabbits, and the failure load was measured by detaching tests 10 and 25 weeks after implantation. The failure loads of each cement were 0% = 0.03, 30% = 1.52, 50% = 2.67, 70% = 3.56, and 80% = 5.59 kg at 10 weeks, and 0% = 0.05, 30% = 1.68, 50% = 2.77, 70% = 3.80, and 80% = 6.37 kg at 25 weeks. Observation of the cement–bone interface revealed that all bioactive bone cements (30%–80%) formed direct contact with bone whereas intervening fibrous tissue was observed in all specimens of the 0% group. By scanning electron microscopy, all bioactive bone cements (30%–80% groups) showed direct contact with bone at the cement–bone interface. In the 0% group, direct contact with bone at the cement–bone interface was not observed. By electron-probe microanalysis, a Ca–P-rich layer was not detected at the cement–bone interfaces of the 30%–70% bioactive bone cements, but in some samples of the 80% cement specimens a thin Ca–P-rich layer (3 μm thick) was observed at the interface at 10 and 25 weeks after implantation. These results show that all of the bioactive bone cements tested had the ability to bond to bone and to function as bioactive composites of ceramics and polymers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 145–152, 1998.
Establishment and Characterization of a Novel Human Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocyte Line, MH7A, Immortalized with SV40 T Antigen (1998)

A novel immortalized rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) line, MH7A, was established by stably transfecting FLS cells with SV40 T antigen gene. MH7A cells expressed SV40-specific small t and large T antigens as well as an elevated level of p53 protein. They have already reached over 150 population doublings through culture crisis, and have been growing rapidly compared with the parental FLSs. Constitutive activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase was detected in MH7A cells. Serum requirements for the growth of MH7A were markedly decreased compared with those for the parental FLSs. MH7A cells were stained positively for interleukin (IL)-1R, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), CD16, CD40, CD80, and CD95. IL-1beta enhanced the production of IL-6 and stromelysin-1, and the surface expression of ICAM-1, in a manner similar to that in the parental FLSs. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, significantly inhibited IL-1beta-induced IL-6 and stromelysin-1 production by both parental FLSs and MH7A cells; although PD098059, an inhibitor of the p42/p44 MAP kinase pathway, did not affect it. Our results clearly indicate the usefulness of MH7A cells for investigating the regulation of rheumatoid FLSs and the IL-1 signal transduction pathway to develop future RA therapy.
Microscale Aspects of Thermal Radiation Transport and Laser Applications (1999)

Abstract This chapter briefly discusses current and future applications in which the range of parameters makes the classical models and associated phenomenological descriptions of transport processes no longer adequate. Some fundamental concepts of relevance to the development of models using a fundamental microscale approach are reviewed, as are microscale models for selected cases. Regime maps are developed to guide the model selection processes and to identify the phenomena that may or may not be important for a given set of conditions. It is seen that the microscale models match experimental data with less error than the classical macroscopic models for many applications in which extremes of size, time, and radiation intensity are present. Application areas discussed in detail are modeling of interference effects in evaluating the scattering and absorption characteristics, radiation transport in microstructures, short-pulse radiation transport through scattering and absorbing media, interaction of high-intensity lasers with metallic films and liquids, and ablation of polymers and tissues.
Tunable electronic structures of graphene/boron nitride heterobilayers (2011)

Using first-principles calculations, we show that the band gap and electron effective mass (EEM) of graphene/boron nitride heterobilayers (C/BN HBLs) can be modulated effectively by tuning the interlayer spacing and stacking arrangement. The HBLs have smaller EEM than that of graphene bilayers (GBLs), and thus higher carrier mobility. For specific stacking patterns, the nearly linear band dispersion relation of graphene monolayer can be preserved in the HBLs accompanied by a small band-gap opening. The tunable band gap and high carrier mobility of these C/BN HBLs are promising for building high-performance nanodevices.
Allergy and migraine: is there a connection? (2008)

This study will provide a foundation to support future clinical studies.
Optimization of Growth, Viability, and Specific Productivity for Expression of Recombinant Proteins in Mammalian Cells (2003)

Although optimization of recombinant protein production is an important part of expression, it is difficult to provide “cookbook” techniques. We will instead outline general approaches to optimization with specific methods described where appropriate. Optimal titers are reached by designing an environment where growth, viability, and specific productivity (protein/cell/time) are balanced so as to give maximum titers (protein/volume of medium). The strategy used will depend on the cell line and the characteristics of the protein being produced. Other considerations are the amount of protein needed, how much time is available for developing the process, and whether production of the protein will need to be repeated. Additionally, purification is much more efficient if the starting material contains a significant proportion (10–80%) of the protein of interest.
Obstetric Performance in Patients with the Lupus Anticoagulant and/or Anticardiolipin Antibodies (1992)

Antiphospholipid antibodies, notably the lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies, are associated with recurrent fetal wastage, pregnancy complications, and thromboses. Aggressive medical treatment using aspirin and steroids has been recommended. Fifty-one patients with antiphospholipid antibodies, only four with underlying connective tissue disorders, were followed through 53 pregnancies. Aggressive therapy was used in 33 pregnancies, 90.9% of which resulted in successful obstetric outcomes, a highly statistically significant difference compared with previous pregnancies in the same patients. Most pregnancies among nine patients receiving single-agent therapy (aspirin or steroids alone) and eight patients not treated also had successful outcomes. A 48.6% complication rate was found in association with therapy, particularly gestational diabetes mellitus. There was no statistical correlation between dose or duration of therapy and development of treatment-related complications. Although a subgroup of patients with antiphospholipid antibodies will benefit from aggressive therapy, the high complication rate warrants close observation.
Altruistic locking (1994)

Long-lived transactions (LLTs) hold on to database resources for relatively long periods of time, significantly delaying the completion of shorter and more common transactions. To alleviate this problem we propose an extension to two-phase locking, called altruistic locking, whereby LLTs can release their locks early. Transactions that access this released data are said to run in the wake of the LLT and must follow special locking rules. Like two-phase locking, altruistic locking is easy to implement and guarantees serializability.
Motion‐map constrained image reconstruction (MCIR): Application to four‐dimensional cone‐beam computed tomography (2013)

This work demonstrates the potential for providing high-quality 4DCBCT during on-line image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), without increasing the imaging dose. The results showed that (at least) 20 phase images could be reconstructed using the same projections data, used to reconstruct a single FB-3DCBCT, without streak artifacts that are caused by insufficient projections.
Epitaxial growth of WO<sub>3</sub>films on SrTiO<sub>3</sub>and sapphire (2000)

Tungsten trioxide films were deposited on (100) SrTiO3and R-plane (10 2) cut sapphire substrates by dc magnetron sputtering, using a tungsten target in an Ar/O2sputtering gas mixture at substrate temperatures ranging from 500 to 850 °C. Deposited films were characterized by x-ray diffraction using -2 scans and pole figure analysis. X-ray results showed that films deposited on both types of substrate were epitaxial. The equilibrium phase was monoclinic -WO3 , confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Films on both substrates were (001) oriented. This preferred orientation improved as the deposition temperature was reduced. The in-plane orientation relationship of the films with the substrate was obtained from the pole figures.
The self-referenced DLR 3D-modeler (2009)

In the context of 3-D scene modeling, this work aims at the accurate estimation of the pose of a close-range 3-D modeling device, in real-time and passively from its own images. This novel development makes it possible to abandon using inconvenient, expensive external positioning systems. The approach comprises an ego-motion algorithm tracking natural, distinctive features, concurrently with customary 3-D modeling of the scene. The use of stereo vision, an inertial measurement unit, and robust cost functions for pose estimation further increases performance. Demonstrations and abundant video material validate the approach.