gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of intracellular pH in the perfused heart by external HCO3- and Na(+)-H+ exchange (1993)

Both Na(+)-dependent HCO3- influx and the Na(+)-H+ antiport have been shown to contribute to recovery from intracellular acidosis in avian and mammalian cardiac tissue. We have investigated the participation of these mechanisms in the recovery of intracellular pH (pHi) after an acid load in the Langendorff-perfused ferret heart. pHi was measured from the phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift of 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate. Basal pHi was higher in HCO(3-)-buffered solution (7.05 +/- 0.01; n = 8) than in nominally HCO(3-)-free N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) solution (6.98 +/- 0.02; n = 9). Addition of 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA) caused a significant fall in pHi in HEPES solution (6.91 +/- 0.02; n = 5) but not in HCO3- solution (7.02 +/- 0.02; n = 5). Intrinsic intracellular buffering capacity in 0 Na(+)-HEPES solution was 37 +/- 2 mmol/l (n = 4), and additional buffering due to HCO(3-)-CO2 was approximately 13 mmol/l in HCO3- solution. After an intracellular acidosis induced by an NH4Cl prepulse, the proton efflux rate (JH) at pHi 6.90 was 0.5 +/- 0.2 nmol.l-1.min-1 (n = 14) in HEPES solution and 1.2 +/- 0.4 mmol.l-1.min-1 (n = 13) in HCO3- solution. The addition of 1 microM EIPA effectively blocked proton efflux in HEPES solution (JH < 0.1 mmol.l-1.min-1; n = 8), whereas it slowed pHi recovery in HCO3- solution (JH = 0.6 +/- 0.2 mmol.l-1.min-1; n = 9). There was no recovery of pHi in Na(+)-free HCO3- solution (JH < 0.1 mmol.l-1.min-1; n = 3). The Na(+)-H+ antiport and a mechanism requiring both external Na+ and HCO3- each contribute approximately 50% to proton efflux at pHi 6.90 during the recovery from intracellular acidosis in the isolated perfused mammalian heart.
Microfabrication of acoustic-wave devices (1997)

This paper deals with the technology of acoustic-wave sensor devices. The use of planar technologies for their fabrication gives them advantageous properties such as high reproducibility, small size and low production costs. Most acoustic-wave sensors are made of piezoelectric-crystal wafers. They are highly stable and reproducible and low-cost device fabrication is possible because the wafers are suited to be used in standard integrated circuit (IC) equipment such as metal-evaporation depositors and photo-lithographic machinery. The silicon-implementation of acoustic devices gives the possibility of making use of the best-developed technology every: the silicon IC-technology. Additional features are the possibility of integration of electronic circuitry on the acoustic device and the development of new types of devices. However, the silicon implementation is hampered by difficulties in the development of reproducible piezoelectric quartz and silicon wafers are combined could increase the performance of silicon integrated acoustic-wave devices.
Hierarchical object geometric categorization and appearance classification for mobile manipulation (2010)

In this paper we present a comprehensive object categorization and classification system, of great importance for mobile manipulation applications in indoor environments. In detail, we tackle the problem of recognizing everyday objects that are useful for a personal robotic assistant in fulfilling its tasks, using a hierarchical multi-modal 3D-2D processing and classification system. The acquired 3D data is used to estimate geometric labels (plane, cylinder, edge, rim, sphere) at each voxel cell using the Radius-based Surface Descriptor (RSD). Then, we propose the use of a Global RSD feature (GRSD) to categorize point clusters that are geometrically identical into one of the object categories. Once a geometric category and a 3D position is obtained for each object cluster, we extract the region of interest in the camera image and compute a SURF-based feature vector for it. Thus we obtain the exact object instance and the orientation around the object's up-right axis from the appearance. The resultant system provides a hierarchical categorization of objects into basic classes from their geometry and identifies objects and their poses based on their appearance, with near real-time performance. We validate our approach on an extensive database of objects that we acquired using real sensing devices, and on both unseen views and unseen objects.
Dissolution: A Quality Control Test vs. A Bioequivalence Test (2001)

m b i n ation with dissolution dat a , p rovides a rationale for biowa i ver of immediate release ( I R ) d rug prod u ct s.In addition,the Ge n e ral Bi o ava i la b i l i ty and Bi oe q u i va l e n ce guidance (4) allows b i owa i vers for lower strength(s) of immediate release as well as modified release drug prod u ct s based on fo rm u l ation pro po rt i o n a l i ty and dissolution profile co m p a ri s o n . These changes in bioe q u i va l e n ce re q u i re m e nt s, m oving away from in vivo biostudy re q u i re m e nts in ce rtain cases and relying more on dissolution te s t, c l e a rly establish a change in dissolution test applicat i o n s. In all cases where dissolution test is used as a BE te s t,an anchor with a bioavailable prod u ct is e s t a b l i s h e d.With the evolution and adva n ces in dissolution te c h n o l ogy and the understanding of s c i e ntific principles and mechanism of dissolution test re s u l t s,a clear trend has emerged where dissolution test has moved from traditional quality co nt rol test to a surrog ate in vitro bioe q u i va l e n ce te s t .This re p re s e nts a shift in dissolution thought p rocess and a new re g u l ato ry pe r s pe ct i ve on dissol u t i o n .The dissolution test has moved away fro m t raditional Q C test to a surrog ate in vitro B E te s t (Table 1).In seve ral instance s,a biowa i ver is indicated based on dissolution profile co m p a ri s o n .
PipeDream: Fast and Efficient Pipeline Parallel DNN Training (2018)

PipeDream is a Deep Neural Network(DNN) training system for GPUs that parallelizes computation by pipelining execution across multiple machines. Its pipeline parallel computing model avoids the slowdowns faced by data-parallel training when large models and/or limited network bandwidth induce high communication-to-computation ratios. PipeDream reduces communication by up to 95% for large DNNs relative to data-parallel training, and allows perfect overlap of communication and computation. PipeDream keeps all available GPUs productive by systematically partitioning DNN layers among them to balance work and minimize communication, versions model parameters for backward pass correctness, and schedules the forward and backward passes of different inputs in round-robin fashion to optimize "time to target accuracy". Experiments with five different DNNs on two different clusters show that PipeDream is up to 5x faster in time-to-accuracy compared to data-parallel training.
Active Learning with Partial Feedback (2018)

While many active learning papers assume that the learner can simply ask for a label and receive it, real annotation often presents a mismatch between the form of a label (say, one among many classes), and the form of an annotation (typically yes/no binary feedback). To annotate examples corpora for multiclass classification, we might need to ask multiple yes/no questions, exploiting a label hierarchy if one is available. To address this more realistic setting, we propose active learning with partial feedback (ALPF), where the learner must actively choose both which example to label and which binary question to ask. At each step, the learner selects an example, asking if it belongs to a chosen (possibly composite) class. Each answer eliminates some classes, leaving the learner with a partial label. The learner may then either ask more questions about the same example (until an exact label is uncovered) or move on immediately, leaving the first example partially labeled. Active learning with partial labels requires (i) a sampling strategy to choose (example, class) pairs, and (ii) learning from partial labels between rounds. Experiments on Tiny ImageNet demonstrate that our most effective method improves 26% (relative) in top-1 classification accuracy compared to i.i.d. baselines and standard active learners given 30% of the annotation budget that would be required (naively) to annotate the dataset. Moreover, ALPF-learners fully annotate TinyImageNet at 42% lower cost. Surprisingly, we observe that accounting for per-example annotation costs can alter the conventional wisdom that active learners should solicit labels for hard examples.
Self Localization of an Autonomous Robot: Using an EKF to merge Odometry and Vision based Landmarks (2006)

Localization is essential to modern autonomous robots in order to enable effective completion of complex tasks over possibly large distances in low structured environments. In this paper, a extended Kalman filter is used in order to implement self-localization. This is done by merging odometry and localization information, when available. The used landmarks are colored poles that can be recognized while the robot moves around performing normal tasks. This paper models measurements with very different characteristics in distance and angle to markers and shows results of the self-localization method. Results of simulations and real robot tests are shown.
Fabrication and field emission property studies of multiwall carbon nanotubes (2003)

Well-aligned and randomly grown multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs) fabricated by the radio-field-induced self-bias hot-filament chemical vapour deposition method demonstrate that the growth mechanisms are either 'tip growth' or 'base growth' depending on the size of the catalyst metal particles involved. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can also be successfully grown on iron-like bulk alloys when preceded by hydrogen plasma etching. The high yield of CNT fabricated on oxidized metal alloys is attributed to the high active surface area that ensues from etching. The change in field emission currents of MWNTs with temperature is not sensitive but is detectable within the range 300–20 K. This is interpreted to be due to the high aspect ratio of CNTs.
Mutation in the Jak Kinase JH2 Domain Hyperactivates <i>Drosophila</i> and Mammalian Jak-Stat Pathways (1997)

The Jak (Janus) family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases plays a critical role in cytokine signal transduction pathways. In Drosophila melanogaster, the dominant hop(Tum-l) mutation in the Hop Jak kinase causes leukemia-like and other developmental defects. Previous studies have suggested that the Hop(Tum-l) protein might be a hyperactive kinase. Here, we report on the new dominant mutation hop(T42), which causes abnormalities that are similar to but more extreme than those caused by hop(Tum-l). We determined that Hop(T42) contains a glutamic acid-to-lysine substitution at amino acid residue 695 (E695K). This residue occurs in the JH2 (kinase-like) domain and is conserved among all Jak family members. We determined that Hop(Tum-1) and Hop(T42) both hyperphosphorylated and hyperactivated D-Stat when overexpressed in Drosophila cells. Moreover, we found that the hop(T42) phenotype was partially rescued by a reduction of wild-type D-stat activity. Finally, generation of the corresponding E695K mutation in murine Jak2 resulted in increased autophosphorylation and increased activation of Stat5 in COS cells. These results demonstrate that the mutant Hop proteins do indeed have increased tyrosine kinase activity, that the mutations hyperactivate the Hop-D-Stat pathway, and that Drosophila is a relevant system for the functional dissection of mammalian Jak-Stat pathways. Finally, we propose a model for the role of the Hop-D-Stat pathway in Drosophila hematopoiesis.
Algorithms for network-aware application component placement for cloud resource allocation (2017)

Due to the soaring popularity of cloud-based services over the last years, the size and the complexity of cloud environments has been growing quickly. In the context of cloud systems, mapping a number of application components to a set of physical servers and assigning cloud resources to those components is challenging. Traditional resource allocation systems which rely on a centralized management paradigm suffer from scalability issues, making them inappropriate for large-scale cloud environments. Therefore, there is a need for providing new management solutions that scale well to large size cloud systems. In this article, we present optimal and heuristic solutions for network-aware placement of multicomponent applications with differing component characteristics. The optimal integer linear programming (ILP)-based solution minimizes the application rejection rate and the cost of mapping while respecting application component requirements and physical network limitations. As the execution time of the optimal model scales exponentially, we also offer scalable heuristic solutions for centralized and hierarchical application placement, which are thoroughly explained and evaluated and compared to the optimal solution. Our evaluations show that while the proposed centralized heuristic is near-optimal, the hierarchical approach is much faster and offers higher scalability compared to a centralized approach, e.g., mapping 2.7 million application components onto 512k servers. Moreover, the percentage of servers used and fully placed applications remain close to that of the centralized and optimal solutions.
UNDERSTANDING USER INTENTIONS IN VERTICAL IMAGE SEARCH (2011)

With the development of Internet and Web 2.0, large volume of multimedia contents have been made online. It is highly desired to provide easy accessibility to such contents, i.e. efficient and precise retrieval of images that satisfies users' needs. Towards this goal, content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has been intensively studied in the research community, while text-based search is better adopted in the industry. Both approaches have inherent disadvantages and limitations. Therefore, unlike the great success of text search, Web image search engines are still premature. In this thesis, we present iLike, a vertical image search engine which integrates both textual and visual features to improve retrieval performance. We bridge the semantic gap by capturing the meaning of each text term in the visual feature space, and re-weight visual features according to their significance to the query terms. We also bridge the user intention gap since we are able to infer the "visual meanings" behind the textual queries. Last but not least, we provide a visual thesaurus, which is generated from the statistical similarity between the visual space representation of textual terms. Experimental results show that our approach improves both precision and recall, compared with content-based or text-based image retrieval techniques. More importantly, search results from iLike are more consistent with users' perception of the query terms.
Flip chip bonded optoelectronic devices on ultra-thin silicon-on-sapphire (2002)

We describe flip chip bonding of arrayed optoelectronic devices (VCSELs, MSM and PIN detectors) onto ultra-thin silicon-on-sapphire (UTSi). We present results of UTSi optical transmitters and receivers for 2.5 Gbps (and higher) parallel optical links.
Allelic Genes in the Housefly Producing Modified Enzymes That Cause Organophosphate Resistance (1960)

In all of six phosphate-resistant strains of Musca domestica L. a mutant gene is present which produces an altered ali-esterase. The modified enzymes are no longer irreversibly inhibited by the oxygen analogs of the insecticides to which the strains are resistant but can slowly convert them. In five of the strains the resistance is caused by this gene only.
Ouabain treatment of cardiac cells induces enhanced Na+-Ca2+ exchange activity (1989)

Inhibition of the cardiac Na+-K+-ATPase with cardiac glycosides causes a rise in internal Na+ and a subsequent increase in cellular Ca2+ due to the sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism. We investigated the adaptation of cultured cardiac cells to prolonged elevation of internal Ca2+ after exposure to ouabain. Cultured neonatal rat heart cells were treated with 100 microM ouabain for 4-48 h. This ouabain concentration inhibited Na+-K+-ATPase activity by approximately 45% and caused modest cellular Ca2+ loading. We found that cells adapted to ouabain treatment by increasing the amount of sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchange activity by 50-90% over a 24-h period. Kinetic and immunological data indicate that the increase was due to increased numbers of functional exchangers. Neither total cellular nor total sarcolemmal protein content was affected by the ouabain treatment. These results may be relevant toward understanding the effects of therapeutic use of cardiac glycosides.
Missense mutations impair intracellular processing of fibrillin and microfibril assembly in Marfan syndrome (1993)

Dermal fibroblasts from nine Marfan syndrome patients with missense mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1) produced nearly normal amounts of fibrillin as determined by quantitative pulse-chase experiments. However, six of the seven mutations involving substitutions of highly conserved cysteine residues exhibited lower rates of intracellular transport and secretion. This effect is likely due to improper folding, since intracellular fibrillin processing was also affected by the reducing agent dithiothreitol. Normal secretion patterns were seen in three mutations that either change the conformation of EGF-like domains or change consensus amino acids required for Ca(++)-binding. In all nine fibroblasts strains, however, the deposition of fibrillin in the extracellular matrix was reduced to 50% of normal in two and to less than 30% in seven of the nine samples studied. The protein alterations caused by these missense mutations are associated with moderate to severe features of Marfan syndrome and a dominant negative mechanism is suggested to play a major role in their pathogenesis.
Treatment of intraocular tumors with hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation therapy. (1984)

Hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) photoradiation therapy (PRT) is currently being examined for the treatment of intraocular tumors. HpD is taken up in malignant tissue, and tumorcidal action can be induced when HpD is activated with visible red light. Preclinical studies have been performed to examine the pharmacology of HpD and the toxicology of HpD PRT in both normal and malignant structures in the eye of pigmented rabbits. A dye laser system has been utilized to generate red light (630 nm) for localized irradiation of ocular tissue following intravenous administration of HpD. Tissue distribution of HpD was measured by an acid extraction procedure. Vascular structures of the eye, such as the choroid, iris, and experimental ocular tumor, retained significant levels of HpD. In addition, there is a transient uptake of HpD in the aqueous (Fig. 1). Nonvascular structures such as the cornea and lens did not take up HpD. Toxicity studies demonstrated that HpD administration (1–10 mg/kg) followed 48 h later with a transpupil irradiation of red light (630 nm, 40–90 J/cm2) resulted in well-defined areas of retinal damage within the treatment field. The lenses of 18 eyes have remained clear during a 24 month follow-up. Tumor response following HpD PRT is rapid and characterized by massive vascular disruption and tumor tissue necrosis. Currently, 10 patients with intraocular tumors (retinoblastoma or uveal melanoma) have received HpD PRT. The preliminary clinical results will be described.
Modeling and Design Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Generator (2013)

Ocean wave energy conversion is a popular research area due to the increasing scarceness of nonrenewable energy resources. However, extracting wave energy is not a simple process. For example, the design and construction of wave energy take-o↵ devices that are reliable, long-lasting, and ecient is a non-trivial endeavor. In this report, the physics-based theories behind a permanent magnet linear generator are reviewed. A model of the generator is built from a series of independent and dependent parameters. The model is simulated using Matlab ® with a specific set of parameter values. Two of the independent parameters are studied and improvement potential is revealed.
Involvement of the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade in hepatocellular carcinoma (2003)

These findings suggested that reduction of the p38 MAPK cascade may account, in part, for the resistance to apoptosis, leading to the unrestricted cell growth of human HCC.
Private Outsourcing of Polynomial Evaluation and Matrix Multiplication using Multilinear Maps (2013)

{\em Verifiable computation} (VC) allows a computationally weak client to outsource the evaluation of a function on many inputs to a powerful but untrusted server. The client invests a large amount of off-line computation and gives an encoding of its function to the server. The server returns both an evaluation of the function on the client's input and a proof such that the client can verify the evaluation using substantially less effort than doing the evaluation on its own. We consider how to privately outsource computations using {\em privacy preserving} VC schemes whose executions reveal no information on the client's input or function to the server. We construct VC schemes with {\em input privacy} for univariate polynomial evaluation and matrix multiplication and then extend them such that the {\em function privacy} is also achieved. Our tool is the recently developed {mutilinear maps}. The proposed VC schemes can be used in outsourcing {private information retrieval (PIR)}.
Researches on Turning with Positively Driven Rotary Cutting Tool (1st Report) (1977)

In this paper, chip-flow angle, cutting ratio and so forth are experimentally investigated in turning with a positively driven rotary cutting tool, which is rotated with a midget oil motor. The chip formations are discussed from two standpoints of an effective rake angle and a tool-chip contact area comparing with those of the orthogonal cutting and the oblique cutting. The results obtained are as follows.(1) The cutting process in cutting with the rotary cutting tool is explained by the variations of an effective rake angle and the tool-chip contact area.(2) As the tool rotating velocity increases, an effective rake angle is seen to increase. Therefore, it is expected that the rotary cutting tool may improve the cutting performance.(3) The cutting ratio in this cutting is similar to that in the orthogonal cutting except for an influence that the increase of chip-flow angle causes the increase of the chip thickness.(4) The larger cutting ratio in the orthogonal cutting brings about the smaller chip-flow angle in the three dimensional cutting.
Predicting Deeper into the Future of Semantic Segmentation (2017)

The ability to predict and therefore to anticipate the future is an important attribute of intelligence. It is also of utmost importance in real-time systems, e.g. in robotics or autonomous driving, which depend on visual scene understanding for decision making. While prediction of the raw RGB pixel values in future video frames has been studied in previous work, here we introduce the novel task of predicting semantic segmentations of future frames. Given a sequence of video frames, our goal is to predict segmentation maps of not yet observed video frames that lie up to a second or further in the future. We develop an autoregressive convolutional neural network that learns to iteratively generate multiple frames. Our results on the Cityscapes dataset show that directly predicting future segmentations is substantially better than predicting and then segmenting future RGB frames. Prediction results up to half a second in the future are visually convincing and are much more accurate than those of a baseline based on warping semantic segmentations using optical flow.