gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ABCDEF Bundle: Science and Philosophy of How ICU Liberation Serves Patients and Families (2017)

Over the past 20 years, critical care has matured in a myriad of ways resulting in dramatically higher survival rates for our sickest patients. For millions of new survivors comes de novo suffering and disability called "the postintensive care syndrome." Patients with postintensive care syndrome are robbed of their normal cognitive, emotional, and physical capacity and cannot resume their previous life. The ICU Liberation Collaborative is a real-world quality improvement initiative being implemented across 76 ICUs designed to engage strategically the ABCDEF bundle through team- and evidence-based care. This article explains the science and philosophy of liberating ICU patients and families from harm that is both inherent to critical illness and iatrogenic. ICU liberation is an extensive program designed to facilitate the implementation of the pain, agitation, and delirium guidelines using the evidence-based ABCDEF bundle. Participating ICU teams adapt data from hundreds of peer-reviewed studies to operationalize a systematic and reliable methodology that shifts ICU culture from the harmful inertia of sedation and restraints to an animated ICU filled with patients who are awake, cognitively engaged, and mobile with family members engaged as partners with the ICU team at the bedside. In doing so, patients are "liberated" from iatrogenic aspects of care that threaten his or her sense of self-worth and human dignity. The goal of this 2017 plenary lecture at the 47th Society of Critical Care Medicine Congress is to provide clinical ICU teams a synthesis of the literature that led to the creation of ICU liberation philosophy and to explain how this patient- and family-centered, quality improvement program is novel, generalizable, and practice changing.
Overview of disaster recovery for transaction processing systems (2002)

An overview is given of the major issues involved in maintaining an up-to-date backup copy of a database, kept at a remote site. A method is presented for performing this task without impairing the performance at the primary site. The method is scalable, and it is particularly suitable for multiprocessor systems. The mechanism is relatively straightforward and can be implemented using well-known concepts and techniques, such as locking and logging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Feather roughness reduces flow separation during low Reynolds number glides of swifts (2015)

Swifts are aerodynamically sophisticated birds with a small arm and large hand wing that provides them with exquisite control over their glide performance. However, their hand wings have a seemingly unsophisticated surface roughness that is poised to disturb flow. This roughness of about 2% chord length is formed by the valleys and ridges of overlapping primary feathers with thick protruding rachides, which make the wing stiffer. An earlier flow study of laminar-turbulent boundary layer transition over prepared swift wings suggested that swifts can attain laminar flow at a low angle of attack. In contrast, aerodynamic design theory suggests that airfoils must be extremely smooth to attain such laminar flow. In hummingbirds, which have similarly rough wings, flow measurements on a 3D printed model suggest that the flow separates at the leading edge and becomes turbulent well above the rachis bumps in a detached shear layer. The aerodynamic function of wing roughness in small birds is, therefore, not fully understood. Here, we performed particle image velocimetry and force measurements to compare smooth versus rough 3D-printed models of the swift hand wing. The high-resolution boundary layer measurements show that the flow over rough wings is indeed laminar at a low angle of attack and a low Reynolds number, but becomes turbulent at higher values. In contrast, the boundary layer over the smooth wing forms open laminar separation bubbles that extend beyond the trailing edge. The boundary layer dynamics of the smooth surface varies non-linearly as a function of angle of attack and Reynolds number, whereas the rough surface boasts more consistent turbulent boundary layer dynamics. Comparison of the corresponding drag values, lift values and glide ratios suggests, however, that glide performance is equivalent. The increased structural performance, boundary layer robustness and equivalent aerodynamic performance of rough wings might have provided small (proto) birds with an evolutionary window to high glide performance.
The Comprehensive System for the Rorschach: A Critical Examination (1996)

The Comprehensive System (Exner, 1993) is widely accepted as a reliable and valid approach to Rorschach interpretation However, the present article calls attention to significant problems with the system First, contrary to common opinion, the interrater reliability of most scores in the system has never been demonstrated adequately Second, important scores and indices in the system are of questionable validity Third, the research base of the system consists mainly of unpublished studies that are often unavailable for examination Recommendations are made regarding research and clinical use of the Comprehensive System
Solid waste monitoring system integration based on RFID, GPS and camera (2010)

The integration of communication technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID), global positioning system (GPS), general packet radio system (GPRS), geographic information system (GIS) with a camera are constructed for solid waste monitoring system. The aim is to improve the way of responding to customer's inquiry and emergency cases and estimate the solid waste amount without any involvement of the truck driver. The proposed system consists of RFID tag mounted on the bin, RFID reader as truck module, GPSR/GSM as web-server, GIS as map server, database server and control station server. The tracking devices mounted in the trucks collect location information in real-time via the GPS. This information is transferred continuously through GPRS to a central database. The users are able to view the current location of each truck in the collection stage via a web-based application, and thereby manage the fleet. The trucks positions and trash bin information are displayed on a digital map, which is made available by a map server. Thus, the solid waste of the bin and the truck are being monitored using the developed system.
Mechanical Programming of Soft Actuators by Varying Fiber Angle (2015)

Abstract In this work we investigate the influence of fiber angle on the deformation of fiber-reinforced soft fluidic actuators and examine the manner in which these actuators extend axially, expand radially and twist about their axis as a function of input pressure. We study the quantitative relationship between fiber angle and actuator deformation by performing finite element simulations for actuators with a range of different fiber angles, and we verify the simulation results by experimentally characterizing the actuators. By combining actuator segments in series, we can achieve combinations of motions tailored to specific tasks. We demonstrate this by using the results of simulations of separate actuators to design a segmented wormlike soft robot capable of propelling itself through a tube and performing an orientation-specific peg insertion task at the end of the tube. Understanding the relationship between fiber angle and pressurization response of these soft fluidic actuators enables rapid exploration of the design space, opening the door to the iteration of exciting soft robot concepts such as flexible and compliant endoscopes, pipe inspection devices, and assembly line robots.
Alterations in Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase and Extracellular Regulated Kinase Signaling in Theca Cells Contribute to Excessive Androgen Production in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2004)

We have investigated the involvement of the MAPK signaling pathway in increased androgen biosynthesis and CYP17 gene expression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A comparison of MAPK kinase (MEK1/2) and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in propagated normal and PCOS theca cells, revealed that MEK1/2 phosphorylation was decreased more than 70%, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced 50% in PCOS cells as compared with normal cells. Infection with dominant-negative MEK1 increased CYP17 mRNA and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) abundance, whereas constitutively active MEK1 reduced DHEA production and CYP17 mRNA abundance. Similarly, the MEK inhibitor, PD98059, increased CYP17 mRNA accumulation and CYP17 promoter activity to levels observed in PCOS cells. Remarkably, in theca cells maintained in the complete absence of insulin, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was decreased in PCOS theca cells as compared with normal theca cells, and CYP17 mRNA and DHEA synthesis were increased in PCOS theca cells. These studies demonstrate that in PCOS cells reduced levels of activated MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 are correlated with increased androgen production, irrespective of the insulin concentration. These findings implicate alterations in the MAPK pathway in the pathogenesis of excessive ovarian androgen production in PCOS.
Image enhancement algorithm based on Retinex for small-bore steel tube butt weld's X-ray imaging (2009)

It is very common to use X-ray digital detection for the Small-bore steel tube butt weld. But the X-ray images have some shortcomings such as that contrast is not high, background noise is big, and the details can not be shown obviously, these shortcomings take a great inconvenience for the small-bore steel tube butt weld testing. So the detection efficiency can not be increased. Based on this, the Retinex algorithm is discussed and analyzed, such as single-scale of Retinex, multi-scale of Retinex, alterable framework of Retinex. Then it is applied to use an enhancement algorithm of improved Alterable framework on Retinex, and use this enhancement algorithm for X-ray image. This enhancement algorithm do not ask for much contrast of original image, which can effectively improve the original image contrast and image quality, the details of the image achieve the best visual effects. After the theoretical analysis and experimental results, we can see that, this enhancement algorithm can effectively enhance the image contrast, inhibit the background noise, compared with homomorphic filtering and histogram equalization algorithm. The standard of the image which is processed by this method can achieve the higher testing standard compared with homomorphic filtering and histogram equalization algorithm.
Accuracy of MRI in Prediction of Pathologic Complete Remission in Breast Cancer After Preoperative Therapy: A Meta-Analysis (2010)

This meta-analysis indicates that MRI has high specificity and relatively lower sensitivity in predicting pathologic complete remission after preoperative therapy in patients with breast cancer. The pathologic complete remission rate may influence the performance of MRI accuracy in this setting, which deserves further investigation.
Insight into the Structural Requirements of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors Based on 3D QSAR CoMFA/CoMSIA Models (2005)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a trypsin-like serine protease, has been implicated in large number of malignancies, tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis; hence, the potent and selective inhibitors of uPA may therefore be therapeutically useful drugs for treatment of various forms of cancer. A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D QSAR) study was performed on five different chemical series reported as selective uPA inhibitors employing comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA)/comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) techniques to investigate the structural requirements for substrates and derive a predictive model that may be used for the design of novel uPA inhibitors. ClogP has been used as an additional descriptor in the CoMFA analysis to study the effects of lipophilic parameters on activity. Inclusion of ClogP did not improve the models significantly and exhibited comparable correlation coefficients with CoMFA steric and electrostatic models. 3D QSAR models were derived for 2-pyridinylguanidines (training set N = 25, test set N = 8), 4-aminoarylguanidines and 4-aminoarylbenzamidines (training set N = 29, test set N = 8), thiophene-2-carboxamindines (training set N = 64, test set N = 19), 2-naphthamidines (training set N = 32, test set N = 8), and 1-isoquinolinylguanidines (training set N = 29, test set N = 7). The CoMFA models with steric and electrostatic fields exhibited r(2)(cv) 0.452-0.722, r(2)(ncv) 0.812-0.986, r(2)(pred) 0.597-0.870, whereas CoMFA ClogP models showed r(2)(cv) 0.420-0.707, r(2)(ncv) 0.849-0.957, r(2)(pred) 0.600-0.870. The CoMSIA models displayed r(2)(cv) 0.663-0.729, r(2)(ncv) 0.909-0.998, r(2)(pred) 0.554-0.855. 3D contour maps generated from these models were analyzed individually, which provides the regions in space where interactive fields may influence the activity. The superimposition of contour maps on the active site of serine proteases additionally helps in understanding the structural requirements of these inhibitors. Further, the predictive ability of 3D QSAR models was affirmed by predicting the activity of novel 2-naphthamidines. 3D QSAR models developed may be used in designing and predicting the uPA inhibitory activity of novel molecules.
SemanticNet-Perception of Human Pragmatics (2010)

SemanticNet is a semantic network of lexicons to hold human pragmatic knowledge. So far Natural Language Processing (NLP) research patronized much of manually augmented lexicon resources such as WordNet. But the small set of semantic relations like Hypernym, Holonym, Meronym and Synonym etc are very narrow to capture the wide variations human cognitive knowledge. But no such information could be retrieved from available lexicon resources. SemanticNet is the attempt to capture wide range of context dependent semantic inference among various themes which human beings perceive in their pragmatic knowledge, learned by day to day cognitive interactions with the surrounding physical world. SemanticNet holds human pragmatics with twenty well established semantic relations for every pair of lexemes. As every pair of relations cannot be defined by fixed number of certain semantic relation labels thus additionally contextual semantic affinity inference in SemanticNet could be calculated by network distance and represented as a probabilistic score. SemanticNet is being presently developed for Bengali language.
Conducting Isopolymers: Preparation, properties, and applications (1995)

Electrically conducting polymers can be prepared by various routes which will be decisive for the specific properties, e.g. conductivity, solubility, and crystallinity. This article covers the major routes for the preparation of important electrically conducting isopolymers with respect to their properties. Preparation and modification procedures of conjugated polymers are discussed in view of the enhancement of their conductivity, oxidation potential, and stability. It presents also typical examples of recent applications of electrically conducting isopolymers.
Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Active Components in<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>Using Response Surface Methodology (2000)

Optimal conditions for extraction of Hypericum perforatum were determined using response surface methodology. A 3 x 4 x 4 full factorial design representing three extraction temperatures, four extraction times, and four solvent concentrations was executed. The overall extraction efficiency was defined by comparing either the total extractable material weight or the individual component peak area to the peak area of luteolin as internal standard. Of the tested variables, the extraction temperature most significantly affected extraction efficiency. Higher temperatures gave better extraction efficiencies, but high temperature also caused decomposition of hypericin. Within the test range, responses for most variables had local maxima. Optimum ranges of time and concentration for individual variables were overlaid. Considering all variables, optimum ranges for extraction time and extraction solvent concentration (percent ethanol in acetone) were 5.0-6.7 h and 44-74% at 23 degrees C, 5.4-6.9 h and 45-72% at 40 degrees C, and 5.3-5.9 h and 44-69% ethanol in acetone at 55 degrees C, respectively.
Complete sequence of an immunoglobulin mRNA using specific priming and the dideoxynucleotide method of RNA sequencing (1981)

The complete sequence of the mouse immunoglobulin kappa light chain MOPC 21 messenger RNA has been determined using a chain termination method and chemically synthesised deoxyoligonucleotides to initiate the synthesis of a DNA molecule complementary to the mRNA template. Five such oligonucleotide primers have been used for the sequence analysis of this messenger RNA. The approach is excellent for comparative studies of mouse k-chain mRNAs because they can be made on impure mRNA preparations. The MOPC 21 light chain mRNA is 943 nucleotides in length excluding the poly(A) region. An unexpected finding was that there are only three bases in the 5' non-coding region and its significance in terms of ribosome binding is discussed; 87 code for the precursor or leader sequence of the protein, 642 for the mature protein and 211 for the 3' non-coding region. The codons for the precursor region allows the previously undetermined amino acid sequence to be predicted. In common with other precursor regions a high proportion of the predicted amino acids are hydrophobic.
A new precoding scheme using interference alignment on modulation signal for multi-user MIMO downlink (2009)

In this paper, we propose an improved precoding scheme using interference alignment on modulation signal for multi-user MIMO downlink transmission. The simulation shows that the new precoding scheme can significantly reduce interference and provide much better bit error rate performance than the conventional precoding schemes for multi-user MIMO.
Schema evolution of an object-oriented real-time database system for manufacturing automation (1997)

Database schemata often experience considerable changes during the development and initial use phases of database systems for advanced applications such as manufacturing automation and computer-aided design. An automated schema evolution system can significantly reduce the amount of effort and potential errors related to schema changes. Although schema evolution for nonreal-time databases was the subject of previous research, its impact on real-time database systems remains unexplored. These advanced applications typically utilize object-oriented data models to handle complex data types. However, there exists no agreed-upon real-time object-oriented data model that can be used as a foundation to define a schema-evolution framework. Therefore, the authors first design a conceptual real-time object-oriented data model, called Real-time Object Model with Performance Polymorphism (ROMPP). It captures the key characteristics of real-time applications-namely, timing constraints and performance polymorphism-by utilizing specialization-dimension and letter-class hierarchy constructs, respectively. They then re-evaluate previous (nonreal-time) schema evolution support in the context of real-time databases. This results in modifications to the semantics of schema changes and to the needs of schema change resolution rules and schema invariants. Furthermore, they expand the schema change framework with new constructs-including new schema change operators, new resolution rules, and new invariants-necessary for handling the real-time characteristics of ROMPP.
Hyperosmotic Stress and Elevated pCO <sub>2</sub> Alter Monoclonal Antibody Charge Distribution and Monosaccharide Content (2002)

Medium osmolality increases with pCO2 at constant pH. Elevated pCO2 and osmolality inhibit hybridoma growth to similar extents in both serum-containing and serum-free media. The combination of osmolality and elevated pCO2 synergizes to negatively impact cell growth. IgG2a glycosylation by hybridoma cells was evaluated under elevated pCO2 (to 250 mmHg pCO2) and/or osmolality (to 476 mOsm/kg). IgG2a site occupancy did not change significantly under any of the conditions studied, which is consistent with the robust glycosylation of other antibodies produced under various environmental stresses. However, changes were observed in the IgG2a charge distribution. Changes in the isoelectric point (pI) were greater under hyperosmotic stress, increasing by 0.32 and 0.41 pH units at 435 mOsm/kg in serum-containing and serum-free medium, respectively. Hyperosmotic stress also resulted in a concomitant increase in the heterogeneity of the charge distribution. The mean pI in serum-containing medium decreased by 0.16 pH units at 250 mmHg pCO2 when osmolality was controlled at 320 mOsm/kg but increased by 0.20 pH units when the osmolality increased with pCO2 (195 mmHg pCO2-435 mOsm/kg). In serum-free medium, elevated pCO2 did not alter pI, regardless of medium osmolality. In contrast to elevated osmolality at control pCO2, elevated pCO2 did not significantly alter the IgG2a charge heterogeneity under any of the conditions studied. The IgG2a was not sialylated, so sialylation changes were not responsible for changes in the charge distribution. IgG2a galactose content decreased with elevated osmolality, as a result of either elevated NaHCO3 or NaCl. However, when osmolality was controlled at elevated pCO2, the galactose content tended to increase. The mannose content decreased with increasing stress, while the fucose content remained relatively unchanged. It is likely that the observed increases in the pI of murine IgG2a were due to increased organellar pH, which is reflected by increased specific beta-galactosidase activity in the supernatant.
Study on spontaneous pneumothorax of senile with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2008)

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of spontaneous pneumothorax of senile with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods: Retrospective study on the records of spontaneous pneumothorax in 52 elder patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 30 cases of young and middle-aged patients;characteristics of them were compared.Results: The acute and chronic onset of the spontaneous pneumothorax in the elder patients were 19 cases and 33 respectively;43 cases of them were cured(82.7%),9 died(17.3%).Conclusion: The onset of spontaneous pneumothorax in senile with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is insidious;the disease is lack of typical clinical feature,with various concomitant diseases,with higher motality.Closed chest tube drainage should be performed as early as possible because of the unsatisfactory effect of simple evacuation.