gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Feature selection for object tracking in traffic scenes</title> (1995)

This paper describes a motion-analysis system, applied to the problem of vehicle tracking in real-world highway scenes. The system is structured in two stages. In the first one, a motion- detection algorithm performs a figure/ground segmentation, providing binary masks of the moving objects. In the second stage, vehicles are tracked for the rest of the sequence, by using Kalman filters on two state vectors, which represent each target's position and velocity. A vehicle's motion is represented by an affine model, taking into account translations and scale changes. Three types of features have been used for the vehicle's description state vectors. Two of them are contour-based: the bounding box and the centroid of the convex polygon approximating the vehicles contour. The third one is region-based and consists of the 2-D pattern of the vehicle in the image. For each of these features, the performance of the tracking algorithm has been tested, in terms of the position error, stability of the estimated motion parameters, trace of the motion model's covariance matrix, as well as computing time. A comparison of these results appears in favor of the use of the bounding box features.
Chiral Iron(<scp>II</scp>) and Cobalt(<scp>II</scp>) Complexes with Biphenyl‐Bridged Bis(pyridylimine) Ligands – Syntheses, Structures and Reactivities (2005)

Abstract A new class of iron( II ) and cobalt( II ) complexes with neutral, tetradentate bis(pyridylimine) chelate ligands bridged by a chiral 6,6′‐dimethylbiphenyl backbone has been synthesized. Their dihalogen derivatives gave spectral, magnetic and X‐ray diffraction results in agreement with a C 2 ‐symmetric, approximately octahedral geometry with cis ‐positioned halide ligands and high‐spin d‐electron configuration. 1 H NMR signals of these paramagnetic complexes were assigned by correlating line widths with reciprocal proton‐metal distances. Methyl substitution in 6‐position of the pyridyl rings lead to a different, presumably square‐pyramidal coordination geometry under dissociation of one chloride ion. Fe II dimethyl and diisocyanide derivatives were shown to have low‐spin configuration and C 1 ‐symmetric geometry. With respect to MAO‐activated olefin polymerization, significant catalytic activities were reproducibly obtained only under conditions, where the original complex structure was degraded. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Interactive Sonar-Operated Device for Stereotactic and Open Surgery (1990)

An accuracy of +/- 1 mm in surgical localization of brain targets was reliably attained with a new sonar-operated system, provided that air turbulence was minimized. Since a conventional frame construction with coordinate settings has been disposed of, apart from a halo ring head holder, free access to the operating site is guaranteed. Using offset probes, measurements in depth can be realized with a relatively simple hardware arrangement. A small, 'floating' locator probe can be attached to all kinds of surgical instruments; its spatial position is computed in real time and immediately referred to computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging scans. Although this work is still in progress, promising applications both in stereotactic and in open surgery are envisaged.
Efficient deep blue emitters for organic electroluminescent devices (2007)

Highly efficient deep blue organic light emitting devices have been fabricated with a 4-(styryl)biphenyl-core based fluorescent dopant (SK-1) in the wide band gap 2-methyl-9,10-di(1-naphthyl)anthracene (α,α-MADN) host system which achieved an electroluminescence efficiency of 5.0cd∕A and an external quantum efficiency of 4.2% at 20mA∕cm2 with a saturated blue Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage coordinates of (0.15, 0.14) and a half-decay lifetime of 8000h at an initial brightness of 100cd∕m2. The current efficiency and electroluminescent color of SK-1 doped devices have been shown to be essentially immune to drive current density.
A proposed thermophotovoltaic solar energy conversion system (1979)

A solar-electric system is proposed and discussed. This system uses concentrated mirrors focusing on a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) converter. Within the TPV converter the concentrated sunlight heats a refractory radiator. A silicon photovoltaic cell faces the radiator, receives incandescent radiation from it, and converts this radiation into electricity.
A Decoy Library Uncovers U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligases That Regulate Flowering Time in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2020)

Targeted degradation of proteins is mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligases and is important for the execution of many biological processes. Redundancy has prevented the genetic characterization of many E3 ubiquitin ligases in plants. Here, we performed a reverse genetic screen in <i>Arabidopsis</i> using a library of dominant-negative U-box-type E3 ubiquitin ligases to identify their roles in flowering time and reproductive development. We identified five U-box decoy transgenic populations that have defects in flowering time or the floral development program. We used additional genetic and biochemical studies to validate <i>PLANT U-BOX 14</i> (<i>PUB14</i>), <i>MOS4-ASSOCIATED COMPLEX 3A</i> (<i>MAC3A</i>), and <i>MAC3B</i> as <i>bona fide</i> regulators of flowering time. This work demonstrates the widespread importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases in floral reproductive development. Furthermore, it reinforces the necessity of dominant-negative strategies for uncovering previously unidentified regulators of developmental transitions in an organism with widespread genetic redundancy, and provides a basis on which to model other similar studies.
Department of Justice (2003)

Abstract This selective compilation of Department of Justice (DOJ) materials serves as a starting point for researchers; it is not intended to be exhaustive. The authors begin with a handy list of “Most Frequently Asked Research Questions,” as compiled by librarians at the DOJ. Following the list are eleven charts and two appendices which comprise the bulk of this document, namely, a guide to DOJ resources on the Internet. The resources are arranged into the following charts and appendices: I. Legislation; II. Regulations; III. Decisions and Other Administrative Issuances; IV. Briefs; V. Links to Publications Web Pages; VI. Forms, Handbooks and Manuals; VII. Annual Reports; VIII. Archived Speeches, Press/News Releases and Testimony; IX. Statistical Reports and Studies; X. Policy and Procedures Statements, Manuals, Memoranda and Guidances; XI. Directories; Appendix A: Contacts (by Agency); Appendix B: Libraries and Other Information Centers; and Appendix C: List of Abbreviations. Each chart is organized into the following four headings: Document Type, URL, Scope/Content, and Search Tips/Comments/Contacts.
State of the First Aberration-Corrected, Monochromized 200kV FEG-TEM (2003)

Journal Article State of the First Aberration-Corrected, Monochromized 200kV FEG-TEM Get access Gerd Benner, Gerd Benner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Marko Matijevic, Marko Matijevic Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alexander Orchowski, Alexander Orchowski Corresponding author: Orchowski@leo.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bernd Schindler, Bernd Schindler LEO Elektronenmikroskopie GmbH, Carl Zeiss S-M-T AG, D-73447 Oberkochen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Max Haider, Max Haider Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Peter Hartel Peter Hartel CEOS GmbH, Englerstr. 28, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 9, Issue S03, 1 September 2003, Pages 38–39, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927603012005 Published: 05 September 2003
Effects of Nicergoline on Cerebral Energy Metabolism in Normal Mice (1986)

Effects of nicergoline, a cerebral circulation and metabolism ameliorator, on cerebral energy metabolism were studied in normal mice by measuring contents of several major metabolites (creatine-P, adenosine triphosphate, glucose, glycogen, lactate and pyruvate) in the brain 30 min after intraperitoneal administration of the drug at doses of 1, 4 and 16 mg/kg and compared with those of dihydroergotoxine (DHE). In addition, influences of both drugs on cytochrome oxidase activity in normal mouse brain homogenate were studied in vitro. Both of nicergoline and DHE caused 12-20% increases in creatine-P contents and 10-37% decreases in lactate and pyruvate contents, but had no effect on glucose contents and energy reserve values. In vitro studies revealed that nicergoline had more potent activating action on cerebral cytochrome oxidase than DHE at final concentrations of 10 and 100 μM. These results suggest that nicergoline has a promoting action, similar to DHE, on cerebral energy metabolism of normal mouse.
Relationship between resistive switching characteristics and band diagrams of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Ti</mml:mtext><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Pr</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Ca</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>MnO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>junctions (2009)

We investigated the Ca-composition dependence of the resistive switching (RS) characteristics and band diagrams in $\text{Ti}/{\text{Pr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Ca}}_{x}{\text{MnO}}_{3}$ $[\text{PCMO}(x)]$ junctions and the impact of oxygen vacancies on the band diagrams. Hysteretic current-voltage characteristics, i.e., the RS effect, were observed for $\text{Ti}/\text{PCMO}(x)$ junctions with $x<0.8$, whereas junctions consisting of $n$-type semiconducting $\text{PCMO}(x)$ with $x>0.8$ showed almost no RS effect. The RS ratio ${R}_{\text{H}}/{R}_{\text{L}}$, where ${R}_{\text{H}}$ and ${R}_{\text{L}}$ are resistances of high- and low-resistance states, respectively, showed a clear $x$ dependence: ${R}_{\text{H}}/{R}_{\text{L}}$ increased with increasing $x$ and was maximized at $x\ensuremath{\sim}0.4$. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images of the switched $\text{Ti}/\text{PCMO}(x)$ junctions confirmed the formation of amorphous ${\text{TiO}}_{y}$ layers at the interfaces. Electron energy-loss measurements of the $\text{Mn-}L$ edge indicated that oxygen-deficient $\text{PCMO}(x)$ layers were formed at the interface due to the electrochemical migration of oxygen ions. Optical-absorption measurements of oxygen-deficient $\text{PCMO}(x)$ films revealed that the formation of oxygen vacancies increased the band gap of $\text{PCMO}(x)$. On the basis of the results, we propose a possible model involving the change in barrier height and/or width for the hole-carrier conduction at the $\text{PCMO}(x)$ interface induced by the electrochemical migration of oxygen vacancies as the mechanism of the RS effect.
Numerical Simulation of Film Boiling Near Critical Pressures With a Level Set Method (1998)

Attempts have recently been made to numerically simulate film boiling on a horizontal surface. It has been observed from experiments and numerical simulations that during film boiling the bubbles are released alternatively at the nodes and antinodes of a Taylor wave. Near the critical state, however, hydrodynamic transition in bubble release pattern has been reported in the literature. The purpose of this work is to understand the mechanism of the transition in bubble release pattern through complete numerical simulation of the evolution of the vapor-liquid interface. The interface is captured by a level set method which is modified to include the liquid-vapor phase change effect. It is found from the numerical simulation that at low wall superheats the interface moves upwards, bubbles break off, and the interface drops down alternatively at the nodes and antinodes. However, with an increase in wall superheat, stable vapor jets are formed on both the nodes and antinodes and bubbles are released from the top of the vapor columns. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data, and visual observations reported in the literature are found to be in good agreement with the data.
REVIEW The biology and engineering of stem-cell control (2004)

There is significant interest in studying stem cells, both to elucidate their basic biological functions during development and adulthood as well as to learn how to utilize them as new sources of specialized cells for tissue repair. Whether the motivation is basic biology or biomedical application, however, progress will hinge upon learning how to better control stem-cell function at a quantitative and molecular level. There are several major challenges within the field, including the iden-tification of new signals and conditions that regulate and influence cell function, and the application of this information towards the design of stem-cell biopro-cesses and therapies. Both of these efforts can signi-ficantly benefit from the synthesis of biological data into quantitative and increasingly mechanistic models that not only describe, but also predict, how a stem cell’s environment can control its fate. This review will briefly summarize the history and current state of the stem-cell biology field, but will then focus on the develop-ment of predictive models for stem-cell control. Early models formulated on the assumption that cell fate was decided by stochastic, cell-intrinsic processes have gradually evolved into hybrid deterministic–stochastic models with increasingly finer molecular resolution that accounts for environmental regulation. As our understanding of cellular control mechanisms expands from the cell surface and towards the nucleus, these efforts may culminate in the development of a stem-cell culture programme, or a series of signals to pro-vide to the cells as a function of time to guide them along a desired developmental trajectory.
Measurement of Low-Molecular Weight Antioxidants, Uric Acid, Tyrosine and Tryptophan in Plaques and White Matter from Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (1992)

The levels of the antioxidants ascorbic acid, cysteine, reduced glutathione and alpha-tocopherol, of the free-radical marker uric acid and of the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan were measured by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography in plaques, adjacent white matter and distant white matter from patients with multiple sclerosis, and in central nervous system tissue from patients without neurological diseases. Cholesterol and DNA were also determined, to check demyelination and cellularity. Uric acid was increased and glutathione correspondingly decreased in plaques; alpha-tocopherol was lowest in plaques and highest in distant white matter in all cases. Ascorbic acid, cysteine, tyrosine and tryptophan were not significantly changed in any tissue. The results provide evidence supporting the involvement of free radicals in multiple sclerosis.
A task-level hierarchical memory model for system synthesis of multiprocessors (1997)

This paper introduces the first high-level (task-level)model of hierarchical memories and describes a scheduling andallocation algorithm for system-level synthesis of heterogeneousmultiprocessors. Caches are essential for modern RISC embeddedcores to obtain sustained high performance. However, caches havereceived limited use in priority-driven preemptive real-time systemsdue to the unpredictability of caches-average-case improvementsare of no use in systems with hard deadlines. Program-levelcache models do not take into account preemptions between multipletasks running at multiple rates on embedded cores. Our task-levelmodel of performance in the presence of memory hierarchiesprovides an efficient means to bound the guaranteed memory performanceof tasks running in a multi-rate, multi-tasking environment.Our system synthesis algorithm uses software-based cachepartitioning and reservation techniques to guarantee cache hitsfor some tasks and therefore improve task schedulability. Experimentalresults show that our model significantly improves schedulabilityof real-time tasks and can be evaluated efficiently duringsystem-level synthesis.
<b><i>afsR</i> is a pleiotropic but conditionally required regulatory gene for antibiotic production in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> A3(2)</b> (1996)

The N-terminal region of AfsR, a putative pleiotropic regulatory protein for antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), is homologous to RedD and Actil-ORF4, pathway-specific regulatory proteins required for the production of the antibiotics undecylprodigiosin (Red) and actinorhodin (Act), respectively. The recent identification of afsS, which lies immediately 3' of afsR and which stimulates antibiotic production when cloned at high copy number, questioned whether afsR was a pleiotropic regulatory gene. In this study we demonstrate that multiple copies of afsR can stimulate both Act and Red production and that, despite its homology, it cannot substitute for the pathway-specific regulatory genes. Moreover, an in-frame deletion that removed most of the afsR coding sequence resulted in loss of Act and Red production, and a marked reduction in the synthesis of the calcium-dependent antibiotic (CDA), but only under some (non-permissive) nutritional conditions. Although additional copies of afsR resulted in elevated levels of the actII-ORF4 and redD transcripts, transcription of the pathway-specific regulatory genes under non-permissive conditions was unaffected by deletion of afsR. While afsR may operate independently of the pathway-specific regulatory proteins to influence antibiotic production, the activity of ActII-ORF4 and of RedD under non-permissive conditions could depend on interaction with, or modification by, AfsR.
Real Time Activity Recognition Using a Cell Phone's AccelerometerWi-Fi (2012)

In this paper, we present an implementation of a real time activity recognizer running on a cellphone. First, simple activity recognition from accelerometer data is performed and then, this information is fused with data from Wi-Fi Access Points to classify the activity being performed by the user. The training set consisted of 8 activities performed in an academic environment and the classification accuracy was 89.7% using a supervised learning approach.
A 0.5 μm CMOS ADSL analog front-end IC (2003)

Asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL) provides robust transport of data at up to 8 Mb/s on common twisted pair without interfering with classical telephone service. ADSL uses multicarrier modulation (DMT) to modulate up to 256 QAM into a 1.104 MHz frequency band, which requires a signal path with at least 66 dB of dynamic range for full performance. The circuit described operates either as ATU-C (central office) or as ATU-R (customer premises) ADSL analog front-end by swapping upstream and downstream filters.
A Warped Bandwidth Expansion Filter (2006)

A warped filter is presented as a new speech enhancement method to adjust formant bandwidths on a critical band scale. The warped filter enhances perceived loudness without adding signal energy by exploiting the psychoacoustic nature of the auditory system. The critical band concept in auditory theory states that when the energy in a signal remains constant, loudness increases when the energy spreads beyond a critical bandwidth. A warped filter is proposed and developed to elevate the perceived loudness of clean speech by applying nonlinear bandwidth expansion to the formant regions of vowels in accordance with the critical band scale. The filter has been inspired and motivated by the biological representation of loudness in the peripheral auditory system and the critical band concept of hearing.
Combining K-Means and XGBoost Models for Anomaly Detection Using Log Datasets (2020)

Computing and networking systems traditionally record their activity in log files, which have been used for multiple purposes, such as troubleshooting, accounting, post-incident analysis of security breaches, capacity planning and anomaly detection. In earlier systems those log files were processed manually by system administrators, or with the support of basic applications for filtering, compiling and pre-processing the logs for specific purposes. However, as the volume of these log files continues to grow (more logs per system, more systems per domain), it is becoming increasingly difficult to process those logs using traditional tools, especially for less straightforward purposes such as anomaly detection. On the other hand, as systems continue to become more complex, the potential of using large datasets built of logs from heterogeneous sources for detecting anomalies without prior domain knowledge becomes higher. Anomaly detection tools for such scenarios face two challenges. First, devising appropriate data analysis solutions for effectively detecting anomalies from large data sources, possibly without prior domain knowledge. Second, adopting data processing platforms able to cope with the large datasets and complex data analysis algorithms required for such purposes. In this paper we address those challenges by proposing an integrated scalable framework that aims at efficiently detecting anomalous events on large amounts of unlabeled data logs. Detection is supported by clustering and classification methods that take advantage of parallel computing environments. We validate our approach using the the well known NASA Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) logs datasets. Fourteen features were extracted in order to train a k-means model for separating anomalous and normal events in highly coherent clusters. A second model, making use of the XGBoost system implementing a gradient tree boosting algorithm, uses the previous binary clustered data for producing a set of simple interpretable rules. These rules represent the rationale for generalizing its application over a massive number of unseen events in a distributed computing environment. The classified anomaly events produced by our framework can be used, for instance, as candidates for further forensic and compliance auditing analysis in security management.
Peptidoglycan and Lipoteichoic Acid in Gram-Positive Bacterial Sepsis: Receptors, Signal Transduction, Biological Effects, and Synergism (2003)

In sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) caused by gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) initiates the early signaling events leading to the deleterious inflammatory response. However, it has become clear that LPS can not reproduce all of the clinical features of sepsis, which emphasize the roles of other contributing factors. Gram-positive bacteria, which lack LPS, are today responsible for a substantial part of the incidents of sepsis with MODS. The major wall components of gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid, are thought to contribute to the development of sepsis and MODS. In this review, the literature underlying our current understanding of how peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid activate inflammatory responses will be presented, with a focus on recent advances in this field.