gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional properties of parietal visual neurons: radial organization of directionalities within the visual field (1987)

Parietal visual neurons (PVNs) were studied in waking monkeys as they executed a simple fixation-detection task. Test visual stimuli of varied direction, speed, and extent were presented during the fixation period; these stimuli did not control behavior. Most PVNs subtend large, bilateral receptive fields and are exquisitely sensitive to stimulus motion and direction but insensitive to stimulus speed. The directional preferences of PVNs along meridians are opponently organized, with the preferred directions pointing either inward toward or outward away from the fixation point. Evidence presented in the preceding paper (Motter et al., 1987) indicates that opponent directionality along a single meridian is produced by a feed-forward inhibition of 20 degrees-30 degrees spatial extent. The observations fit a double-Gaussian model of superimposed but unequal excitatory and inhibitory receptive fields: When the former is larger, inward directionality results; when smaller, outward directionality results. We examine here the distribution of the meridional directional preferences in the visual field. Tests showed that opponent organization is not produced by differences in local directional properties in different parts of the receptive field. The distribution of response intensities from one meridian to another is adequately described by a sine wave function. These data indicate a best radial direction for each neuron with a broad distribution of response intensities over successive meridians. Thus, any single PVN, with rare exceptions, cannot signal radial stimulus direction precisely. We then determined how accurately the population response predicted radial stimulus direction by the application of a linear vector summation model. The resulting population vector varied from stimulus direction by an average of 9 degrees. Whether or not the perception of the direction of motion depends upon a population vector remains uncertain. PVNs are especially sensitive to object movement in the visual surround, particularly in the periphery of the visual field. This, combined with their large receptive fields and their wide but flat sensitivity to stimulus speed, makes them especially sensitive to optic flow. This is discussed in relation to the role of the parietal visual system in the visual guidance of projected movements of the arm and hand, in the guidance of locomotion, and in evoking the illusion of vection.
CJ-21,058, a New SecA Inhibitor Isolated from a Fungus. (2002)

A new equisetin derivative, CJ-21,058 (I) was isolated from the fermentation broth of an unidentified fungus CL47745. It shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive multi-drug resistant bacteria by inhibiting ATP-dependent translocation of precursor proteins across a bacterial cell membrane.
A Study of the Crystallization, Melting, and Foaming Behaviors of Polylactic Acid in Compressed CO2 (2009)

The crystallization and melting behaviors of linear polylactic acid (PLA) treated by compressed CO(2) was investigated. The isothermal crystallization test indicated that while PLA exhibited very low crystallization kinetics under atmospheric pressure, CO(2) exposure significantly increased PLA's crystallization rate; a high crystallinity of 16.5% was achieved after CO(2) treatment for only 1 min at 100 degrees C and 6.89 MPa. One melting peak could be found in the DSC curve, and this exhibited a slight dependency on treatment times, temperatures, and pressures. PLA samples tended to foam during the gas release process, and a foaming window as a function of time and temperature was established. Based on the foaming window, crystallinity, and cell morphology, it was found that foaming clearly reduced the needed time for PLA's crystallization equilibrium.
Design of a nano-machined pyroelectric detector for low thermal conductance (2014)

Pyroelectric detector is a class of thermal detector in which the change in temperature causes the change in the spontaneous polarization in the sensing material. In this work, we report the design of uncooled pyroelectric detectors which utilized a nanometer sized truss to support the suspended detector. The design and performance of pyroelectric detectors have been conducted by simulating the structure with Intellisuite™ utilizing Finite Element Method (FEM). The simulated detectors had a spider web-like structure with each of the strut of spider web had a width of 100 nm. Ca modified lead titanate (PCT) was employed as the thermometer because of its high pyroelectric figure of merit. The pyroelectric detectors utilized Ni<sub>0.8</sub>Cr<sub>0.2</sub> absorber, PCT sensing layer, Ti electrodes, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> structural layer to obtain low thermal conductance between the detector and Si substrate. Three different types of pyroelectric detectors were designed and analyzed. The first design had linear electrode and simple spider web support. The value of the thermal conductance of this detector was found to be 3.98×10<sup>-8</sup> W/K. The second design had a longer thermal path than the first one and had a thermal conductivity of 2.41×10<sup>-8</sup> W/K. The design was optimized for the best result by modifying the shape, dimension and thickness of various layers namely absorber, electrodes, sensing layer and struts. The thermal conductance of the third design was found to be as low as 4.57×10<sup>-9</sup> W/K which is significantly lower than previously reported values. The highest calculated detectivity and reponsivity values were 1.15 × 10<sup>10</sup> cm Hz<sup>1/2</sup>/W and 4.9 × 10<sup>7</sup> V/W respectively.
Active Thermoregulation Improves Outcome of Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (2005)

During off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, hypothermia increases vasoconstriction, myocardial afterload, coagulopathy and postoperative bleeding. Traditional thermoregulatory techniques do not maintain core body temperature intraoperatively. The efficacy of a commercially available, computer-controlled, water-circulating, dorsal surface, active warming system for thermoregulatory control was evaluated. All patients who underwent non-emergency off-pump coronary bypass grafting by a single surgeon in a 1-year period were studied: the thermoregulation device was used in 50 cases and unavailable for use in 19. The patients who underwent active thermoregulation demonstrated significantly improved core body temperatures compared to the controls: lowest intraoperative, 35.8 degrees C +/- 0.1 degrees C vs. 35.0 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C; immediately postoperative, 36.5 degrees C +/- 0.1 degrees C vs. 35.6 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C; and 1-hour postoperative, 36.6 degrees C +/- 0.1 degrees C vs. 35.9 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C. Thermoregulated patients had significantly reduced 24-hour chest tube drainage (764 +/- 38 vs. 1227 +/- 183 mL), packed red blood cell transfusions (1.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.7 units), time to extubation (6.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 11.4 +/- 2.3 hours), intensive care unit stay (1.3 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.3 days), and hospital stay (4.3 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.1 +/- 0.3 days).
Response of plasma lipid fractions to the administration of exogenous phospholipids. (1975)

Plasma lipidic fractions (total lipids, free and total cholesterol, triglycerides, total phospholipids and low density lipoproteins) of 16 hyperlipemic subjects have been followed up over a 4-week period. Intravenous injection of exogenous phospholipids prepared from pig heart resulted in a significant decrease of all the examined lipidic fractions. The possible mechanims of exogenous phospholipids action is discussed.
High Yield Synthesis of Nitriles by a New Enzyme, Phenylacetaldoxime Dehydratase, from Bacillus sp. Strain OxB-1 (2001)

3-Phenylpropionitrile was synthesized from Z-3-phenylpropionaldoxime (0.75 M) in a quantitative yield (98 g/l) by the use of cells of Escherichia coli JM 109/pOxD-90F, a transformant harboring a gene for a new enzyme, phenylacetaldoxime dehydratase, from Bacillus sp. strain OxB-1. Other arylalkyl- and alkyl-nitriles were also synthesized in high yields from the corresponding aldoximes. Moreover, 3-phenylpropionitrile was successfully synthesized by the recombinant cells in 70 and 100% yields from 0.1 M unpurified E/Z-3-phenylpropionaldoxime, which is spontaneously formed from 3-phenylpropionaldehyde and hydroxylamine in a butyl acetate/water biphasic system and aqueous phase, respectively.
Characterization of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Thermophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Tropical Fruits of Thailand (2017)

In the present study, we have obtained two exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing thermophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that were isolated from tropical fruits of Thailand. The two strains, designated LY45 and PY45, were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus amylovorus, respectively. Both plant-derived LAB strains, which produce neutral EPSs together with the acidic one, can grow vigorously at 45°C and even at 50°C. Hyaluronidase (EC 3.2.1.35), which catalyzes the degradation of hyaluronic acid, activates an inflammatory reaction. Interestingly, EPSs produced by the LY45 and PY45 strains were found to inhibit hyaluronidase activity at the same order of IC<sub>50</sub> values as did sodium cromoglicate and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, which are well-known as anti-inflammatory agents. The LY45-derived neutral EPS consists of glucose and mannose as monosaccharide components, whereas the acidic one contains mainly mannose, together with glucose and galactose. On the other hand, although Lactobacillus amylovorus PY45 also produces neutral and acidic EPSs, the main monosaccharide in both EPSs is mannose, and glucose is a minor component. Furthermore, the PY45 strain may be probiotically and industrially useful because the microorganism can utilize starch and glycogen as carbon sources.
Analysis and Experiment of a Novel Brushless Double Rotor Machine for Power-Split Hybrid Electrical Vehicle Applications (2013)

A novel brushless double rotor machine (BDRM) is proposed in this paper. The BDRM is an important component in the brushless compound-structure permanent-magnet synchronous machine (CS-PMSM) system, which is a promising technology for power-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. Compared with common double rotor machines, the brushes and slip rings required by rotating winding have been omitted in the BDRM, thus there are no such problems as maintenance, friction losses and so forth. Firstly, the torque characteristics of the BDRM are analyzed. As the stator has ring-shaped centralized windings, the size characteristics of the BDRM are different from those of conventional machines. The new sizing and torque equations are analyzed and the theoretical results are applied to determine the main dimensions. Additionally, studies of the analytical magnetic circuit and finite element method (FEM) model show that the BDRM tends to have high leakage flux and low power factor. Although the scope for improving the serious flux leakage of the BDRM is limited by the special magnetic topology, a method to obtain higher power factor is provided. Finally, a 10 kW prototype machine was manufactured, assembly of the prototype is discussed in detail and experimental tests are performed to validate the analytical and simulation results.
AlignMiner: a Web-based tool for detection of divergent regions in multiple sequence alignments of conserved sequences (2010)

AlignMiner can be used to reliably detect divergent regions via several scoring methods that provide different levels of selectivity. Its predictions have been verified by experimental means. Hence, it is expected that its usage will save researchers' time and ensure an objective selection of the best-possible divergent region when closely related sequences are analysed. AlignMiner is freely available at http://www.scbi.uma.es/alignminer.
ELIMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF CONTAMINATING CO<sub>2</sub> IN THE <sup>18</sup>O‐LABELING OF THE CO<sub>2</sub> PRODUCED IN BIOLUMINESCENT REACTIONS (1979)

Abstract— Although the mechanism of bioluminescent reactions in various species, such as fireflies, ostracod crustaceans ( Cypridina ), sea pansies ( Renilla ), and the deep‐sea shrimp Oplophorus , are thought to involve dioxetanone intermediates, studies reported in the past from different laboratories have included widely different experimental results, most likely due to various factors including the effects of contaminating CO 2 . With the improved technique employed in the present study, bioluminescent reactions of the firefly and Cypridina in 18 O 2 gas resulted in an incorporation of over 75% of 18 O into one oxygen of the product CO 2 . with a reproducibility within a few per cent. When 13 CO 2 . instead of the product CO 2 of the bioluminescent reaction, was studied in an H 2 18 O medium, the exchange of one oxygen of 13 CO 2 with H 2 O was 64%. and the effect of contaminant CO 2 amounted to 1418% of the total CO 2 . These results suggest that every molecule of CO 2 formed in the bioluminescent reactions of the firefly and Cypridina had intially contained 1 oxygen atom derived from O 2 .
Event related potentials recorded in patients with locked-in syndrome (1997)

It is possible to record ERPs in patients with locked-in syndrome shortly after the acute ischaemic lesion, and therefore to assess objectively cognitive activities. Furthermore the letter recognition paradigm could be implemented to facilitate linguistic communication with patients with locked-in syndrome.
A component-based parallel PET image reconstruction visual system (2002)

By quantifying the emission counts of positron-electron annihilation, PET provides a unique way of studying physiological and metabolic functions of the human body. The PET images can be reconstructed by iterative methods, e.g., the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. The computation-bound problem is expected to be exacerbated due to the ever-increasing demand for faster image reconstruction and higher resolution PET images. As Java technology matures, a number of parallel/distributed applications are implemented in Java because of its rich sets of packages. We propose the design and implementation of a component-based parallel software system to facilitate the PET image reconstruction process on a clustered environment. Performance issues are addressed in the design of the system, which are essential to the success of any parallel computing environment. The system introduces the Java Bean component model and class libraries which are written in Java and that run on any machine that implements the Java Virtual Machine. It is user friendly and its operation requires little software/hardware knowledge from the user.
Exploiting Hybrid Precision for Training and Inference: A 2T-1FeFET Based Analog Synaptic Weight Cell (2018)

In-memory computing with analog non-volatile memories (NVMs) can accelerate both the in-situ training and inference of deep neural networks (DNNs) by parallelizing multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations in the analog domain. However, the in-situ training accuracy suffers from unacceptable degradation due to undesired weight-update asymmetry/nonlinearity and limited bit precision. In this work, we overcome this challenge by introducing a compact Ferroelectric FET (FeFET) based synaptic cell that exploits hybrid precision for in-situ training and inference. We propose a novel hybrid approach where we use modulated “volatile” gate voltage of FeFET to represent the least significant bits (LSBs) for symmetric/linear update during training only, and use “non-volatile” polarization states of FeFET to hold the information of most significant bits (MSBs) for inference. This design is demonstrated by the experimentally validated FeFET SPICE model and cosimulation with the TensorFlow framework. The results show that with the proposed 6-bit and 7-bit synapse design, the insitu training accuracy can achieve ~97.3% on MNIST dataset and ~87% on CIFAR-10 dataset, respectively, approaching the ideal software based training.
The Quantitative Analysis of Some Constituents of Crude Sweat (1970)

From the skin surface of patients, suffering from different skin diseases, (crude) sweat was obtained by thermal stimulation: Specific gravity, pH, Na, K, Ca, Cl, free and esterified phosphate, urea and ammonia were determined. Significant positive correlations appeared between specific gravity and Na or K, between H and K, Ca, urea or ammonia, between Na and K or Cl, between K and Ca or free phosphate, between Ca and ammonia and between urea and ammonia. Significant negative correlations appeared between H and Na or Cl, between Ca and Cl, between free phosphate and ammonia and between esterified phosphate and urea. The Ca and H concentrations, in addition to the Na, K and Cl concentrations, behaved as random samples from a normally distributed population. The Na/K ratio for subjects over 50 appeared to be raised; the Na/K and Cl/K ratios in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis were lowered and in chromium dermatitis raised.
Human mitochondrial DNA is packaged with TFAM (2003)

Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), a member of the high mobility group proteins, is essential for maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Most TFAM and mtDNA (both of which are normally soluble) was recovered from the particulate fraction of human placental mitochondria when extracted with the non-ionic detergent Nonidet P-40. mtDNA and TFAM were co-immunoprecipitated by anti-TFAM antibodies. TFAM was released into the supernatant by DNase I digestion of mtDNA in the particulate fraction. Thus, TFAM and mtDNA are tightly associated with each other, and it is likely that few TFAM or mtDNA molecules exist in an unbound form in mitochondria. Based on the fact that TFAM is abundant enough to wrap mtDNA entirely, these results suggest that human mtDNA is packaged with TFAM.
Diagnosing breast cancer using Raman spectroscopy: prospective analysis (2009)

We present the first prospective test of Raman spectroscopy in diagnosing normal, benign, and malignant human breast tissues. Prospective testing of spectral diagnostic algorithms allows clinicians to accurately assess the diagnostic information contained in, and any bias of, the spectroscopic measurement. In previous work, we developed an accurate, internally validated algorithm for breast cancer diagnosis based on analysis of Raman spectra acquired from fresh-frozen in vitro tissue samples. We currently evaluate the performance of this algorithm prospectively on a large ex vivo clinical data set that closely mimics the in vivo environment. Spectroscopic data were collected from freshly excised surgical specimens, and 129 tissue sites from 21 patients were examined. Prospective application of the algorithm to the clinical data set resulted in a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 93%, a positive predictive value of 36%, and a negative predictive value of 99% for distinguishing cancerous from normal and benign tissues. The performance of the algorithm in different patient populations is discussed. Sources of bias in the in vitro calibration and ex vivo prospective data sets, including disease prevalence and disease spectrum, are examined and analytical methods for comparison provided.
Estradiol-Treated Female Mice as Surrogate Hosts for Neisseria gonorrhoeae Genital Tract Infections (2011)

Historically, animal modeling of gonorrhea has been hampered by the exclusive adaptation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to humans. Genital tract infection can be established in female mice that are treated with 17β-estradiol, however, and many features of experimental murine infection mimic human infection. Here we review the colonization kinetics and host response to experimental murine gonococcal infection, including mouse strain differences and evidence that IL-17 responses, toll-like receptor 4, and T regulatory cells play a role in infection. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of the mouse system and the potential of transgenic mice to circumvent host restrictions. Additionally, we review studies with genetically defined mutants that demonstrated a role for sialyltransferase and the MtrC-MtrD-MtrE active efflux pump in evading innate defenses in vivo, but not for factors hypothesized to protect against the phagocytic respiratory burst and H(2)O(2)-producing lactobacilli. Studies using estradiol-treated mice have also revealed the existence of non-host-restricted iron sources in the female genital tract and the influence of hormonal factors on colonization kinetics and selection for opacity (Opa) protein expression. Recent work by others with estradiol-treated mice that are transgenic for human carcinoembryonic adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) supports a role for Opa proteins in enhancing cellular attachment and thus reduced shedding of N. gonorrhoeae. Finally we discuss the use of the mouse model in product testing and a recently developed gonorrhea chlamydia coinfection model.
Complementary Actions of Low Rates of Bacillus thuringiensis and Chlordimeform Hydrochloride for Control of Caterpillars on Cole Crops (1974)

Spray mixtures of Dipel ® ( Bacillus thuringiensis var. alesti Berliner) and chlordimeform hydrochloride provided effective protection vs. the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), and imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), at rates as low as 1/16 lb/acre per application of each ingredient. Neither ingredient alone was efficacious at the low rates tested, but factorial analyses of the data on plant injury indicated synergistic effects. The efficacy of the mixture of the 2 ingredients was attributed to efficient complementary effects on plant protection.
Rapid and scalable characterization of CRISPR technologies using an <i>E. coli</i> cell-free transcription-translation system (2017)

ABSTRACT CRISPR-Cas systems have offered versatile technologies for genome engineering, yet their implementation has been outpaced by the ongoing discovery of new Cas nucleases and anti-CRISPR proteins. Here, we present the use of E. coli cell-free transcription-translation systems (TXTL) to vastly improve the speed and scalability of CRISPR characterization and validation. Unlike prior approaches that require protein purification or live cells, TXTL can express active CRISPR machinery from added plasmids and linear DNA, and TXTL can output quantitative dynamics of DNA cleavage and gene repression. To demonstrate the applicability of TXTL, we rapidly measure guide RNA-dependent DNA cleavage and gene repression for single- and multi-effector CRISPR-Cas systems, accurately predict the strength of gene repression in E. coli , quantify the inhibitory activity of anti-CRISPR proteins, and develop a fast and scalable high-throughput screen for protospacer-adjacent motifs. These examples underscore the potential of TXTL to facilitate the characterization and application of CRISPR technologies across their many uses.