gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Constitutively Active NFATc1 Mutant Induces a Transformed Phenotype in 3T3-L1 Fibroblasts (2003)

The calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathway is best known for its role in T lymphocyte activation. However, it has become increasingly apparent that this signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of cell growth and development in a wide variety of different tissues and cell types. Here we have investigated the effects of sustained NFATc1 signaling on the growth and differentiation of the murine 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line. Remarkably, we find that expression of a constitutively active NFATc1 mutant (caNFATc1) in these immortalized cells inhibits their differentiation into mature adipocytes and causes them to adopt a transformed cell phenotype, including loss of contact-mediated growth inhibition, reduced serum growth requirements, protection from growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis, and formation of colonies in semisolid media. Furthermore, we find that caNFATc1-expressing cells acquire growth factor autonomy and are able to proliferate even in the complete absence of serum. We provide evidence that this growth factor independence is caused by the NFATc1-dependent production of a soluble heat-labile autocrine factor that is capable of promoting the growth and survival of wild type 3T3-L1 cells as well as potently inhibiting their differentiation into mature adipocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that cells expressing caNFATc1 form tumors in nude mice. Taken together, these results indicate that deregulated NFATc1 activity is able to induce the immortalized 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line to acquire the well established hallmarks of cellular transformation and thereby provide direct evidence for the oncogenic potential of the NFATc1 transcription factor.
Novel Pullulan Bioconjugate for Selective Breast Cancer Bone Metastases Treatment (2015)

A novel polysaccharide bioconjugate was designed to selectively target breast cancer bone metastases using a bisphosphonate moiety (alendronate, ALN). Paclitaxel (PTX) was first covalently conjugated to pullulan (Pull) through a Cathepsin K-sensitive tetrapeptide spacer followed by a self-immolative aminobenzyl alcohol spacer to obtain Pull-(GGPNle-φ-PTX). ALN was then conjugated to the polymeric backbone of Pull-(GGPNle-φ-PTX) via a PEG spacer. The final bioconjugate Pull-(GGPNle-φ-PTX)-(PEG-ALN) was found to assemble into colloidal spherical structures, which were physically and chemically stable under physiological conditions. In vitro studies showed that Pull-(GGPNle-φ-PTX)-(PEG-ALN) had strong affinity for hydroxyapatite, which simulates the bone tissue. Paclitaxel was rapidly released from the bioconjugate by Cathepsin K cleavage under pathological conditions. All studies performed using human MDA-MB-231-BM (bone metastases-originated clone), murine 4T1 breast cancer cells, murine K7M2, and human SAOS-2 osteosarcoma cells showed that the bioconjugate exerted an enhanced antiproliferative activity compared to the conjugate without the ALN. Furthermore, the nanoconjugate inhibited the migration of cancer cells and further displayed potent anti-angiogenic activity. In conclusion, the results showed that this conjugate has an excellent potential for selective treatment of bone neoplasms such as breast cancer bone metastases and osteosarcoma.
Ca2+ chemotaxis in <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (2010)

Using a newly developed microfluidic chamber, we have demonstrated in vitro that Ca(2+) functions as a chemoattractant of aggregation-competent Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae, that parallel spatial gradients of cAMP and Ca(2+) are more effective than either alone, and that cAMP functions as a stronger chemoattractant than Ca(2+). Effective Ca(2+) gradients are extremely steep compared with effective cAMP gradients. This presents a paradox because there is no indication to date that steep Ca(2+) gradients are generated in aggregation territories. However, given that Ca(2+) chemotaxis is co-acquired with cAMP chemotaxis during development, we speculate on the role that Ca(2+) chemotaxis might have and the possibility that steep, transient Ca(2+) gradients are generated during natural aggregation in the interstitial regions between cells.
The Isonitrile—Nitrile Isomerization<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Isonitrile—Nitrile Isomerization1Joseph Casanova Jr., Newton D. Werner, and Ronald E. SchusterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 11, 3473–3482Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01349a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01349a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views983Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intensification of Spontaneous Raman Spectra by Use of Liquid Core Optical Fibers (1972)

Intense spontaneous Raman radiation has been obtained from C 6 H 6 and C 2 CI 4 by passing the focused beam from an argon ion laser (4880 Å, 5 to 250 mW) through filled hollow fused quartz optical fibers having core diameters of ∼75 µm and lengths from 10 to 25 meters. Spectral intensifications by factors of ∼10 2 to 10 3 compared to conventional sample techniques have been obtained with the fiber optics method. Raman spectra were recorded with a Cary model 81 spectrophotometer by collecting the divergent radiation emitted from the end of the optical fiber at the focus of the “image slicer.” However, the intensification method is general and may be employed with any double or triple monochromator by placing the fiber end near the entrance slit. For C 6 H 6 at least 33 Raman components were observed in the 3300 > A Δ ν̄ > 1650 cm −1 region including shifts due to overtones and combinations, by using a slit-width of 2 cm −1 with a 15 m fiber length and a laser power of ∼130 mW. The Raman spectra from C 6 H 6 were found to be in good agreement with those recently reported by Schrötter and Bofilias. For C 2 CI 4 intense spectra were also obtained using 2 cm −1 slit-widths with fiber lengths of 25 m and power levels to 250 mW. These spectra augment those obtained earlier by Wittek and indicate five newly observed Raman and infrared coincidences that in several cases may result from the breakdown of D 2h selection rules. Details of the fiber optics Raman technique are described.
Ventilation imaging with positron emission tomography and nitrogen 13. (1986)

Ventilation imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) and highly insoluble nitrogen 13 (N-13) was performed in one healthy volunteer and ten patients. These PET studies showed the three-dimensional distribution of ventilation abnormalities, such as peripheral air trapping, which xenon 133 studies had not revealed. Therefore, PET with N-13 may help elucidate more precisely the distribution and nature of ventilation abnormalities in various diseases.
Divergent effects of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factors on a human endometrial carcinoma cell line. (1987)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), at concentrations ranging from 0.83 to 4.98 nM, markedly inhibited the proliferation of RL95-2 cells that were seeded at low plating densities (4.7 X 10(3) cells/cm2). Under the same incubation conditions, 16.6 pM EGF enhanced cell proliferation. At high plating densities (2.5 X 10(4) cells/cm2) 0.83 nM EGF also stimulated cell proliferation. Both the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of EGF were mimicked by transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha). However, the inhibitory action of TGF-alpha was always greater that of EGF. Binding studies with 125I-labeled TGF-alpha indicated that maximal cell surface binding of TGF-alpha occurred at 15 min, whereas maximal internalization occurred at 45 min. Both cell surface and internalized radioactivity declined sharply thereafter. Analysis of radioactivity released into the incubation medium during pulse-chase experiments indicated that RL95-2 cells extensively degraded both TGF-alpha and EGF. The lysosomotropic compound methylamine arrested the generation of low-molecular-weight degradation products of EGF, but not of TGF-alpha. In contrast to EGF and TGF-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) inhibited the proliferation of RL95-2 cells that were seeded at either low or high plating densities. Further, transforming growth factor-beta induced the appearance of large cuboidal cells that were readily distinguished from cells treated with either EGF or TGF-alpha. These findings point to complex regulatory actions of growth factors on the proliferation of RL95-2 cells and suggest that the processing of TGF-alpha following EGF receptor activation is distinct from the processing of EGF.
Probability based optimization for network classifiers (1991)

The authors propose a probability based optimization (PBO) algorithm which exploits the inherent statistical properties present in the speech signal and effectively minimizes the error probability during the classification stages of the system. The performance of this algorithm has been systematically evaluated using a MAP (maximum a posteriori) estimator and a Kohonen (1988) map. In the evaluation of the MAP classifier, the PBO algorithm contributes to a decrease of the recognition error rate with respect to both training and test data. The experimental results on applying PBO to a Kohonen map classifier are compared with the results obtained by using LVQ2, revealing a decrease of the classification error rate for both the broad class database and the vowel database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The action of metham‐sodium in soil. II.—factors affectiné the removal of methyl isothiocyanate residues (1963)

Abstract Methyl isothiocyanate, the main decomposition product when metham‐sodium is applied to the soil, is responsible for its fungicidal and phytotoxic activity. The effects of various factors on the release of methyl isothiocyanate from soil are examined with the view to reducing the interval between application and subsequent planting. The following factors, in order of importance, are shown to affect the removal of the phytotoxic residues: (a) soil temperature: removal at 15° can be 25% to 50% greater than at 10°: (b) soil type: clay and sandy loams lose residues much more readily than soils containing a high peat content; (c) soil‐pH: addition of lime to acid soils increases the rate of release; and (d) water‐saturated soils are more retentive than drier soils of equivalent type. Loss of methyl isothiocyanate from soil is largely due to volatilisation, but microbiological and possibly chemical processes are shown to contribute to this action.
Examination of Several Potential Mechanisms for the Negative Outcome in a Clinical Stroke Trial of Enlimomab, a Murine Anti-Human Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Antibody: A Bedside-to-Bench Study (2001)

Administration to rats of a murine antibody preparation against ICAM-1, 1A29, elicits the production of host antibodies against the protein, activation of circulating neutrophils, complement activation, and sustained microvascular activation. These observations provide several possible mechanisms for central nervous system-related clinical deterioration that occurred when Enlimomab was given in acute ischemic stroke.
A Proof of concept on defending cold boot attack (2009)

DRAM is an essential memory of a modern computer. Microprocessor loads the data which the user requested into DRAM before processing the data. Hence, DRAM contains important information in a computer. Recently, security researchers disclosed that DRAM is vulnerable to attack. Through Cold Boot Attack, DRAM contents can be recovered even after the computer has been powered off for several minutes [1]. The information obtained can be used to circumvent popular disk encryption system such as FileVault and Bit Locker. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced memory architecture which adds a data scrambling / descrambling layer between the microprocessor and DRAM controller to prevent the original data to be stored as cleartext in the DRAM. The original data will be scrambled before writing to DRAM and hence preventing the Cold Boot Attack. This new layer consists of XOR circuit, Galois Field Multiplication of order 128 (GF128) and a Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG). The scrambling scheme was selected in this proposal due to its simplicity for proof of concept. Any other cryptography scheme can replace the scrambling / descrambling blocks according to the required level of data protection. The designed blocks were implemented and tested on the Altera DE2 FPGA board using Nios II system. The results confirm that the use of the scrambling / descrambling blocks provides an easy solution with additional level of protection to secure the contents in the DRAM.
A PfRH5-Based Vaccine Is Efficacious against Heterologous Strain Blood-Stage Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Aotus Monkeys (2015)

Antigenic diversity has posed a critical barrier to vaccine development against the pathogenic blood-stage infection of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. To date, only strain-specific protection has been reported by trials of such vaccines in nonhuman primates. We recently showed that P. falciparum reticulocyte binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5), a merozoite adhesin required for erythrocyte invasion, is highly susceptible to vaccine-inducible strain-transcending parasite-neutralizing antibody. In vivo efficacy of PfRH5-based vaccines has not previously been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that PfRH5-based vaccines can protect Aotus monkeys against a virulent vaccine-heterologous P. falciparum challenge and show that such protection can be achieved by a human-compatible vaccine formulation. Protection was associated with anti-PfRH5 antibody concentration and in vitro parasite-neutralizing activity, supporting the use of this in vitro assay to predict the in vivo efficacy of future vaccine candidates. These data suggest that PfRH5-based vaccines have potential to achieve strain-transcending efficacy in humans.
DNA methyltransferase 3b regulates articular cartilage homeostasis by altering metabolism (2017)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis worldwide. It is a complex disease affecting the whole joint but is generally characterized by progressive degradation of articular cartilage. Recent genome-wide association screens have implicated distinct DNA methylation signatures in OA patients. We show that the de novo DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) 3b, but not Dnmt3a, is present in healthy murine and human articular chondrocytes and its expression decreases in OA mouse models and in chondrocytes from human OA patients. Targeted deletion of Dnmt3b in murine articular chondrocytes results in an early-onset and progressive postnatal OA-like pathology. RNA-Seq and methylC-Seq analyses of Dnmt3b loss-of-function chondrocytes show that cellular metabolic processes are affected. Specifically, TCA metabolites and mitochondrial respiration are elevated. Importantly, a chondroprotective effect was found following Dnmt3b gain of function in murine articular chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. This study shows that Dnmt3b plays a significant role in regulating postnatal articular cartilage homeostasis. Cellular pathways regulated by Dnmt3b in chondrocytes may provide novel targets for therapeutic approaches to treat OA.
Studies on Soil Corrosion of Metallic Materials (Part 1) (1967)

In three kinds of soils, namely, loam, silt and clay, the relations between moisture content, specific resistance and the corrosivity of soil have been studied. Also, the corrosion rates of steel and ductile cast iron buried in those soils have been determined. The results obtained show that the corrosion rate of steel in soil is slightly smaller than that of ductile cast iron and the former has a maximum at a certain moisture content of soil.
Neonatal Blue-Light Phototherapy Could Increase the Risk of Dysplastic Nevus Development (2007)

To the Editor.—In their letter, Csoma et al1 described the possible concern that blue-light phototherapy would increase nevus development. They screened 747 school-aged children in their teens and reported that 44.6% of these children had received phototherapy. Although there were no differences in the prevalence of melanocytic nevi, the children exposed to blue-light phototherapy had higher numbers of moles and had a significantly higher prevalence of atypical nevi. Because atypical nevi are an important risk factor for the development of malignant melanoma, the authors raised the concern that phototherapy with blue lamps could have significant implications in the development of atypical nevi.Although this was an interesting observation that disputes a previous report,2 the data are somewhat difficult to interpret, and the conclusions and statistical validity are not completely evident. We were not given sufficient information about patient demographics or how the data collection was undertaken. For a parent to remember whether their child was treated with blue-light phototherapy 14 to 18 years later would be very difficult. If information was based on old records, it is also not clear whether all charts specifically indicated whether a patient was under blue-light versus white-fluorescent-light therapy. Additional important confounders besides phototherapy, such as family history and sun exposure, were not discussed. In addition, 44.6% of the population received phototherapy. This is a very high number compared with what one would expect in a typical newborn population.3 Therefore, the question of which infants were included in the cohort becomes more important. It is also not clear how the reported odds ratios were derived. Was this a multivariate analysis, or were the odds ratios just obtained from a 2-by-2 table? The lack of information provided in this letter makes it difficult to raise concern about the risks of phototherapy in the pediatric community. Solid evidence with carefully conducted statistics and careful explanations about the cohort are needed. Phototherapy is an important tool in the management of neonatal jaundice.4,5 When severe, this condition may result in kernicterus. Although this event is rare in occurrence, it has devastating consequences that must not be forgotten.6,7 Phototherapy has been used since 1958. There should be large cohorts to assess whether the concerns for the development of atypical nevi are real or only applicable to the subset of children described in this letter.We need to remember the devastating consequences of our reduced vigilance for hyperbilirubinemia in the late 1980s and early 1990s.7 We must seriously weigh the resurgence of kernicterus against the potential for moles and nevi until more strategies are available to prevent hyperbilirubinemia.Rather than a letter, the investigators should have provided a full manuscript with sufficient information to address all of the concerns raised regarding the methodology, the cohort, and family history.
Optical FM and heterodyne detection of 2-channel 560 Mbit/s subcarrier multiplexed ASK signal using 3-electrode DFB-LDs (1991)

An optical carrier was frequency-modulated by directly modulating a three-electrode DFB laser diode using two-channel 560Mbit/s subcarrier multiplexed ASK signals, and was transmitted through 122.3 km of single-mode fibre. Both channels were heterodyne-detected and selected simultaneously by a bandpass filter. A receiver sensitivity of −32.4 dBm was obtained and a crosstalk penalty was less than 0.8 dB with channel spacing of 1.8 GHz.
Cascaded second-order optical nonlinearities in on-chip micro rings (2017)

We demonstrate cascaded Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG), and Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG) in integrated on-chip whispering-gallery resonators (WGRs). These lithium niobate-based WGRs are fabricated using highly-parallel semiconductor manufacturing techniques coupled with specialized polishing as a post-processing step and thus represent a novel means for batch fabrication of this family of non-linear devices. We achieved record high Q-factors for on-chip lithium niobate WGRs reaching up to 3 × 10<sup>6</sup>. Furthermore, we present a flexible but stable coupling scheme, which gives us the opportunity to optimize the coupling regarding the non-linear optical processes we observe.
Parametric analysis of elasto-optic birefringent axis alignment in eccentrically coated polarization-maintaining optical fiber (1992)

When high-birefringent fibers are used in polarization-sensitive devices, one must ensure the proper alignment of the optical axes. One nondestructive alignment method involves squeezing the fiber and noting the change in the resultant birefringent axes. We use the finite-element method to determine the change in the principal stress direction, and, hence, the extrinsic birefringent axis orientation, as a function of the fiber coating eccentricity. Fiber eccentricity can shift the extrinsic birefringent axis by more than 1.5 degrees , whch becomes important in high-performance device applications.
Urinary cyclic nucleotides and the cytopathology of human uterine cervical dysplasias. (1982)

Blinded urinary assays for cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) were performed on 49 subjects with documented abnormal cervical cytology and 21 control subjects with normal cytology. A significant difference in the mean cGMP:cAMP ratios between the case and control groups was found. A significantly greater proportion of women with cytological abnormalities had a cGMP:cAMP ratio above the 0.2 level (p less than 0.001). Cases treated surgically for severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of the cervix revealed a significant postsurgical fall in the cGMP:cAMP ratios (p less than 0.025). The possibility of utilizing urinary ratios of cyclic nucleotides as an objective index in the detection, monitoring of progression, and therapy of preneoplastic cervical lesions is discussed.
Deadlock-free fault-tolerant routing in the multi-dimensional crossbar network and its implementation for the Hitachi SR2201 (2002)

We have developed a hardware detour path selection facility for the Hitachi SR2201 parallel computer, which uses a multi-dimensional crossbar as an inter-processor network to ensure operating efficiency and high reliability when a part of the network is faulty. When this hardware facility is used, packets are transmitted to their destination along alternative paths to avoid the fault. However, changing the routing may cause deadlock. This paper describes a deadlock-free fault-tolerant routing scheme that can be used by the detour path selection facility to avoid deadlock, and its implementation for the SR2201.
Enhancement of radial keratotomy by chemical inhibition of collagen cross-linkages: a preliminary report. (1983)

beta-Aminopropionitrile, a lysyl oxidase and collagen cross-linkage inhibitor, resulted in a 0.90 diopter or 20% enhancement of radial keratotomy in rabbits.