gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The biology of MDR1-P-glycoprotein (MDR1-Pgp) in designing functional antibody drug conjugates (ADCs): the experience of gemtuzumab ozogamicin. (2013)

Several factors may affect the efficacy and safety of immunoconjugates. These include the common issues of chemical and antibody therapeutics such as specificity, heterogeneous target antigen expression and the complex pharmacokinetics profile of conveyed antibody. Further, the delivered drug may not be sufficient for providing therapeutic benefit, since the curative cytotoxic compound may be affected by intrinsic or acquired resistance of target cells. These and other potential problems, as well as the possible ways to overcome them will be discussed in this review by examining the biological factors involved in safety and efficacy of the first in class antibody drug conjugate (ADC) gentuzumab ozogamicin. Despite this set-back, the extensive recorded data and the lessons learned from gentuzumab ozogamicin recently withdrawn from the market for safety concerns helped to pave the way for next generations of clinically promising new ADCs which are currently investigated in clinical trials and two of them, Brentuximab vedotin, and Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) have been recently approved for commercial distribution in US by Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Voltage‐gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels and intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> release regulate exocytosis in identified rat corticotrophs (2000)

1. The patch clamp technique was used in conjunction with a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator (indo-1, or indo-1FF) to measure simultaneously cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and exocytosis (changes in membrane capacitance) in single, identified rat corticotrophs. 2. Exocytosis could be stimulated by extracellular Ca2+ entry (via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels). A train of depolarizations could exhaust the pool of readily releasable granules and the pool replenished with a time constant of 42 s (at 22-25 C). 3. Recordings from cells with 0.5 mM intracellular cAMP showed that the amplitude of the depolarization-triggered exocytosis, the Ca2+ sensitivity of exocytosis, as well as the rate of replenishment of the readily releasable pool, were similar to the controls. 4. Exocytosis could also be stimulated by intracellular Ca2+ release from the inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive store (via flash photolysis of caged IP3). At comparable [Ca2+]i, extracellular Ca2+ entry and intracellular Ca2+ release had similar efficacy in triggering exocytosis. 5. The rate of exocytosis triggered via depolarization or intracellular Ca2+ release was much faster than that triggered via uniform elevation of [Ca2+]i (Ca2+ dialysis or flash photolysis of caged Ca2+). 6. The above findings suggest that both intracellular Ca2+ release and voltage-gated extracellular Ca2+ entry generate a spatial Ca2+ gradient, such that the local [Ca2+] near the exocytic sites was approximately 3-fold higher than the mean cytosolic [Ca2+]. However, neither cAMP nor the spatial Ca2+ gradient generated during depolarization could account for the high efficacy of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in stimulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from corticotrophs.
Thermionic Ionization Detector with Lanthanum Hexaboride/Silicon Dioxide Thermionic Emitter Material for Gas Chromatography (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermionic Ionization Detector with Lanthanum Hexaboride/Silicon Dioxide Thermionic Emitter Material for Gas ChromatographyToshihiro. Fujii and Hiromi. ArimotoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 2, 490–493Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50001a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50001a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scope of the cobalt-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] homo-Diels-Alder reaction (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScope of the cobalt-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] homo-Diels-Alder reactionMark Lautens and Catherine M. CruddenCite this: Organometallics 1989, 8, 11, 2733–2735Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/om00113a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views285Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (384 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Weather and arthritis symptoms. (1985)

In a one month prospective, double blind study of 70 patients (35 with rheumatoid arthritis [RA], 35 with osteoarthritis [OA]), severity of rheumatic symptoms was compared to changes in daily weather conditions using a visual analogue scale. The majority of patients (62%) believed that various aspects of weather aggravated their symptoms. There was no difference in age, sex, diagnosis or perceived symptom severity between weather sensitive and weather insensitive patients. No significant correlation was found between symptoms of any patient group or individual and any of 13 combinations of weather features. These results suggest that contrary to the belief of the majority of patients with RA or OA external weather conditions do not significantly influence the day-to-day symptoms of arthritis.
Pahhph-5: a mouse mutant deficient in phenylalanine hydroxylase. (1990)

Mutant mice exhibiting heritable hyperphenylalaninemia have been isolated after ethylnitrosourea mutagenesis of the germ line. We describe one mutant pedigree in which phenylalanine hydroxylase activity is severely deficient in homozygotes and reduced in heterozygotes while other biochemical components of phenylalanine catabolism are normal. In homozygotes, injection of phenylalanine causes severe hyperphenylalaninemia and urinary excretion of phenylketones but not hypertyrosinemia. Severe chronic hyperphenylalaninemia can be produced when mutant homozygotes are given phenylalanine in their drinking water. Genetic mapping has localized the mutation to murine chromosome 10 at or near the Pah locus, the structural gene for phenylalanine hydroxylase. This mutant provides a useful genetic animal model affected in the same enzyme as in human phenylketonuria.
7-Substituted-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acids as inhibitors of dehydrogenase enzymes and of the respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: multivariate analysis and quantitative structure-activity relationship for polar substituents (1985)

The inhibitory activities of a set of nine 7-substituted-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acids against three dehydrogenase enzymes and one whole cell system (Ehrlich ascites tumor cells) have been subjected to principal component analysis. The results clearly indicate that activity against the whole cell test system cannot directly be attributed to inhibition of the enzymes evaluated. The enzyme systems are reflected by the first component that can be identified with polar and steric parameters while hydrophobic effects are absent. The second component is entirely due to the inhibition of ascites cell respiration that depends primarily on hydrophobicity.
Do the ends justify the mean? Proline mutations at the ends of the keratin coiled-coil rod segment are more disruptive than internal mutations. (1992)

Intermediate filament (IF) assembly is remarkable, in that it appears to be self-driven by the primary sequence of IF proteins, a family (40-220 kd) with diverse sequences, but similar secondary structures. Each IF polypeptide has a central 310 amino acid residue alpha-helical rod domain, involved in coiled-coil dinner formation. Two short (approximately 10 amino acid residue) stretches at the ends of this rod are more highly conserved than the rest, although the molecular basis for this is unknown. In addition, the rod is segmented by three short nonhelical linkers of conserved location, but not sequence. To examine the degree to which different conserved helical and nonhelical rod sequences contribute to dimer, tetramer, and higher ordered interactions, we introduced proline mutations in residues throughout the rod of a type I keratin, and we removed existing proline residues from the linker regions. To further probe the role of the rod ends, we introduced more subtle mutations near the COOH-terminus. We examined the consequences of these mutations on (a) IF network formation in vivo, and (b) 10-nm filament assembly in vitro. Surprisingly, all proline mutations located deep in the coiled-coil rod segment showed rather modest effects on filament network formation and 10-nm filament assembly. In addition, removing the existing proline residues was without apparent effect in vivo, and in vitro, these mutants assembled into 10-nm filaments with a tendency to aggregate, but with otherwise normal appearance. The most striking effects on filament network formation and IF assembly were observed with mutations at the very ends of the rod. These data indicate that sequences throughout the rod are not equal with respect to their role in filament network formation and in 10-nm filament assembly. Specifically, while the internal rod segments seem able to tolerate considerable changes in alpha-helical conformation, the conserved ends seem to be essential for creating a very specific structure, in which even small perturbations can lead to loss of IF stability and disruption of normal cellular interactions. These findings have important implications for the disease Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex, arising from point mutations in keratins K5 or K14.
Life-threatening sepsis complicating heavy metal chelation therapy with desferrioxamine. (1985)

A case of severe Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in a hemodialysis patient receiving desferrioxamine (DFX) therapy is reported. The association between systemic yersiniosis and DFX chelation therapy is reviewed. The increasing application of DFX chelation, in iron overload states and for aluminium overload in dialysis patients, provides an increasing number of patients at risk for this unusual drug side effect. An awareness of the association between Yersinia sepsis and DFX therapy allows appropriate therapeutic intervention which may prove lifesaving.
When Polypropylene Fiber Can Be Dyed (2008)

What if polypropylene fiber can be dyed someday?That means fiber offers immense production possibilities, means manufacturers will benefit from increasing their operational effectiveness, reducing the inventory of colored yarns,means streamline production process, means……
A Study on Sentiment Computing and Classification of Sina Weibo with Word2vec (2014)

In recent years, Weibo has greatly enriched people's life. More and more people are actively sharing information with others and expressing their opinions and feelings on Weibo. Analyzing emotion hidden in this information can benefit online marketing, branding, customer relationship management and monitoring public opinions. Sentiment analysis is to identify the emotional tendencies of the microblog messages, that is to classify users' emotions into positive, negative and neutral. This paper presents a novel model to build a Sentiment Dictionary using Word2vec tool based on our Semantic Orientation Pointwise Similarity Distance (SO-SD) model. Then we use the Emotional Dictionary to obtain the emotional tendencies of Weibo messages. Through the experiment, we validate the effectiveness of our method, by which we have performed a preliminary exploration of the sentiment analysis of Chinese Weibo in this paper.
Genomic and proteomic profiling for biomarkers and signature profiles of toxicity. (2004)

Toxicity profiling measures and compares all gene expression changes among biological samples after toxicant exposure. Toxicity profiling with DNA microarrays to measure all mRNA transcripts (transcriptomics), or by global separation and identification of proteins (proteomics), has led to the discovery of better descriptors of toxicity, toxicant classification and exposure monitoring than current indicators. A shared goal in transcript and proteomic profiling is the development of biomarkers and signatures of chemical toxicity. In this review, biomarkers and signature profiles are described for specific chemical toxicants that affect target organs such as liver, kidney, neural tissues, gastrointestinal tract and skeletal muscle, for specific disease models such as cancer and inflammation, and for unique chemical-protein adducts underlying cell injury. The recent introduction of toxicogenomics databases support researchers in sharing, analyzing, visualizing and mining expression data, assist the integration of transcriptomics, proteomics and toxicology datasets, and eventually will permit in silico biomarker and signature pattern discovery.
Preparation of Biofuel from Palm Oil Catalyzed by Ammonium Molybdate in Homogeneous Phase (2016)

Producing transportation fuels from bio sources was of prime importance due to the strict environmental legislations for producing clean fuels from conventional oil resources. However, the economical impacts of the biofuel production should be considered. In this study, the production of bio-naphtha and biodiesel from palm oil using homogeneous catalyst, i.e. an aqueous phase of ammonium molybdate, was studied. This catalyst was prepared by dissolving sodium molybdate in de-ionized water with hydrochloric acid, and then neutralizing the mixture with ammonium hydroxide. The solution was dried at 90 °C for 24 h to obtain ammonium molybdate. Then, characterization of the catalyst was done by informative techniques, such as XRD and FT-IR. The results showed that the main phase of the synthesized catalyst was molybdate ammonium hydrates (4MoO3.2NH3.H2O), and also bands of Mo–O, Mo–O–Mo, N–H and surface hydroxyl groups were observed in the sample. Moreover, activity test confirms that the bio-naphtha produced from the proposed method has a few aromatic components, and its sulfur content was negligible. Moreover, ash, nitrogen, sulfur and carbon residue were not detected in the produced biodiesel, and its Cetane index was 66.3. Therefore, it was a suitable fuel for diesel engines vehicles.
Solubilities and Diffusivities of Carbon Dioxide in Ionic Liquids:  [bmim][PF<sub>6</sub>] and [bmim][BF<sub>4</sub>] (2005)

Gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption measurements in l-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]) and l-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) were made using a commercial gravimetric microbalance at temperatures of 283.15, 298.15, 323.15, and 348.15 K and at pressures under 2 MPa. Gas solubilities were determined from absorption saturation (equilibrium) data at each fixed temperature and pressure. The experimental solubility data of CO2 in ionic liquids have been successfully correlated for the first time using a simple cubic equation of state (EOS). Some phase behaviors of CO2 and ionic liquid mixtures as well as Henry's law constants and the volume change of solutions are predicted well with the present EOS model. From time-dependent absorption data, binary diffusion coefficients of CO2 in the ionic liquids have been obtained for the first time by the use of a simple diffusion model. Magnitudes in the observed diffusion coefficients are 10-10 to 10-11 m2 s-1, which are about 10−100 times lower than typical values, found in various organic liquids.
Human placental 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Two activities at a single enzyme active site. (1981)

Two soluble enzyme activities, 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, present in the cytosol fraction of term human placenta, were co-purified with a constant ratio of specific activities, approximating 100:1, respectively. The "pure enzyme" is a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis. To evaluate whether catalysis of the estrogen and progestin substrates occurs at a single active site, alkylation studies using 16 alpha-bromoacetoxyprogesterone were designed. This affinity alkylating steroid binds at the enzyme-active site (km 256 microM; Vmax = 0.012 mumol/min/mg), inactivates the enzyme in an irreversible and time-dependent manner which follows pseudo-first order kinetics, and causes coincident loss of both the 17 beta- and 20 alpha-activities. Affinity radioalkylation studies using 16 alpha-[2'-3H]bromoacetoxyprogesterone indicate that 2 mol of steroid bind per mol of inactivated enzyme dimer (Mr = 68,000). Amino acid analyses of the acid hydrolysate of radioalkylated enzyme show that 16 alpha-bromoacetoxyprogesterone dicarboxymethylates a histidyl residue in the active site. These results are identical with those reported for 16 alpha-[2'-3H]bromoacetoxyestradiol 3-methyl ether inactivation and radioalkylation of identically purified "17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase." Computer graphics were used to construct a model in which: 1) binding of estrogen and progestin substrates at one active site permits stereospecific catalysis; 2) the estrogen and progestin analogs' alkylating side arms have access to a common histidine residue. These observations clearly demonstrate that the catalysis of estrogen and progestin substrates can occur at a single active site of one enzyme.
Bimetallic-Catalyzed Reduction of Carboxylic Acids and Lactones to Alcohols and Diols (2002)

The homogeneously catalyzed reduction of carboxylic acids with hydrogen was studied. Bimetallic catalysts consisting of a group 8 or 9 late transition-metal and a second group 6 or 7 transition-metal carbonyl showed a synergistic effect allowing the conversion in good yields under moderate conditions. Besides the effect of different catalyst precursors, the influence of temperature, hydrogen pressure, and catalyst concentration was investigated. An equimolar mixture of [Rh(acac)(CO)2] and [Mo(CO)6] showed the highest activity and was therefore applied to the reduction of lactones to diols. The reduction potential of the catalyst was found to be dependent on the ring size of the lactone used. Five-membered ring lactones were hardly converted to diols whereas six- and seven- membered ring lactones reacted easily.
Adenosine in the treatment of stroke: yes, maybe, or absolutely not? (2001)

Agonist stimulation of adenosine A(1) receptors has been consistently shown to result in reduction of brain damage following experimentally induced global and focal brain ischaemia in animals. Unsurprisingly, the use of adenosine A(1) receptors as targets for the development of clinical therapeutics suitable for treatment of ischaemic brain disorders has been suggested by many authors. The latest studies of adenosine and its receptors indicate that adenosine-mediated actions might be far more complex than originally anticipated, casting some doubt about the rapid development of stroke treatment based on adenosine. This review discusses the possible role of adenosine receptor subtypes (A(1), A(2) and A(3)) in the context of their potential as therapeutics in stroke.
An ultrasound guided tracking method for a tumor utilizing HLAC based dynamic template matching (2017)

In this report we propose a novel robust tumor tracking method for ultrasound guided RFA treatments. RFA (radiofrequency ablation) treatments have a serious problem to hide a tumor to be treated due to the hyperechoic region, which is generated by vapors during RFA. Moreover, organ deformations seriously deteriorate the tracking performance. To cope with these problems, we propose a novel method to track a tumor in ultrasound diagnostic image. Templates, which is used to track the tumor, are generated dynamically by HLAC(Higher order Local Auto Correlation) -based subspace method. Our method achieves stable tracking by selecting templates automatically based on the texture features of ultrasound diagnostic images, while the conventional method is unstable due to the variation to select templates manually. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our proposing motion tracking method concerning the robustness and accuracy.