gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 5.alpha.-cholesta-7,24-dien-3.beta.-ol and cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3.beta.-ol (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 5.alpha.-cholesta-7,24-dien-3.beta.-ol and cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3.beta.-olJacques P. Moreau, Donald J. Aberhart, and Eliahu CaspiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 14, 2018–2023Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00928a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00928a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural and Physical Characteristics of PECVD Nanocrystalline Silicon Carbide Thin Films (2012)

Nanocrystalline silicon carbide was prepared by PECVD technology in capacitively parallel plate plasma reactor, where both silane and methane were introduced into the plasma reactor. The concentration of species in the SiC films was determined by RBS and ERD. Chemical compositions were analyzed by IR spectroscopy. Film morphology was assessed by AFM. The RBS results showed the main concentrations of Si and C in the films. The concentration of hydrogen was approximately 20 at.%. IR results showed the presence of Si-C, Si-O, Si-N, Si-H, N-H, C-H, C-N specific bonds. The AFM micrographs revealed the film surface smooth and compact. Results of I-V measurements before and after samples irradiation by neutrons are presented.
Efficient Laplace-domain full waveform inversion using a cyclic shot subsampling method (2013)

ABSTRACT Full waveform inversion is a method used to recover subsurface parameters, and it requires heavy computational resources. We present a cyclic shot subsampling method to make the full waveform inversion efficient while maintaining the quality of the inversion results. The cyclic method subsamples the shots at a regular interval and changes the shot subset at each iteration step. Using this method, we can suppress the aliasing noise present in regular-interval subsampling. We compared the cyclic method with divide-and-conquer, random, and random-in-each-subgroup subsampling methods using the Laplace-domain full waveform inversion. We found examples of a 2D marine field data set from the Gulf of Mexico and a 3D synthetic salt velocity model. In the inversion examples using the subsampling methods, we could reduce the computation time and obtain results comparable to that without a subsampling technique. The cyclic method and two random subsampling methods yielded similar results; however, the cyclic method generated the best results, especially when the number of shot subsamples was small, as expected. We also examined the effect of subsample updating frequency. The updating frequency does not have a significant effect on the results when the number of subsamples is large. In contrast, frequent subsample updating becomes important when the number of subsamples is small. The random-in-each-subgroup scheme showed the best results if we did not update the subsamples frequently, while the cyclic method suffers from aliasing. The results suggested that the cyclic subsampling scheme can be an alternative to the random schemes and the distributed subsampling schemes with a frequently changing subset are better than lumped subsampling schemes.
Intramolecular nucleophilic participation. V. The role of the ortho-substituent in the solvolysis of o-nitrobenzhydrl bromide and o-nitrobenzyl tosylate (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular nucleophilic participation. V. The role of the ortho-substituent in the solvolysis of o-nitrobenzhydrl bromide and o-nitrobenzyl tosylateAlan D. Mease, Michael J. Strauss, Ian Horman, L. J. Andrews, and R. M. KeeferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 7, 1797–1801Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01009a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01009a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views237Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Music type classification by spectral contrast feature (2003)

Automatic music type classification is very helpful for the management of digital music databases. In this paper, the octave-based spectral contrast feature is proposed to represent the spectral characteristics of a music clip. It represented the relative spectral distribution instead of average spectral envelope. Experiments show that the octave-based spectral contrast feature performs well in music type classification. Another comparison experiment demonstrates that the octave-based spectral contrast feature has a better discrimination among different music types than mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), which is often used in previous music type classification systems.
A study of methods for evaluating the success of the transition period in early-lactation dairy cows (2014)

Three transition monitors were developed in this study that serve on 2 levels: the individual cow level and the herd level. On the first level they screen all cows for potential onset of postparturient health disorders and could be used to trigger implementation of more specific diagnostic initiatives. On the second level they can be used within herd to monitor the implementation of transition protocols and evaluate the transition management on the farm, signaling potential problems before clinical disease onset. The performance of 3 transition monitors based on daily milk yield (MY) within the first 7d in milk was evaluated in 3 herds with differing transition management intensity. The 3 monitors considered were increase in MY (LINE), average MY (MY7), and the difference between MY7 and expected MY (transition success measure, TSM). Transition monitors were evaluated not only as within-herd predictors of individual cow transition problems but also as indicators of herd transition management failures by relating their value with probability of early-lactation health disorders, culling, and treatment cost. Analysis of logistic models, correlations, and sensitivity and specificity estimates identified TSM as the most reliable measure of transition failure on both the individual cow level as well as the farm level across all study herds, with best performance achieved in herds with the most intensive postpartum cow management. As evaluated by logistic regression models, TSM was able to successfully predict the probability of a cow remaining healthy for the first 21d of lactation (c-statistic between 0.68 and 0.78), and probability of culling by 100d in milk (c-statistic between 0.73 and 0.86). Total cost of treatment by 21d in milk also showed the strongest correlation with TSM, with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.2 and 0.4. Statistical-process control cumulative sum charts for TSM designed to monitor postpartum management process in the herd identified transition failure events with at least 90% sensitivity at specificity above 92% within a 14-d window of 7d before and 7d after the event.
Uterine disorders and pregnancy complications: insights from mouse models (2010)

Much of our knowledge of human uterine physiology and pathology has been extrapolated from the study of diverse animal models, as there is no ideal system for studying human uterine biology in vitro. Although it remains debatable whether mouse models are the most suitable system for investigating human uterine function(s), gene-manipulated mice are considered by many the most useful tool for mechanistic analysis, and numerous studies have identified many similarities in female reproduction between the two species. This Review brings together information from studies using animal models, in particular mouse models, that shed light on normal and pathologic aspects of uterine biology and pregnancy complications.
Dislokationen des Bildes – Bewegter Bildraum, haptisches Sehen und die Herstellung von Wirklichkeit (2010)

Filme eröffnen in ihren Fahrtaufnahmen andere Sehweisen jenseits linearer Dramaturgien. In den Bild-Nischen der gefilmten Fahrt begegnet man einer Arbeit am Bild, die das Medium Film auf seinen Ursprung eines a-narrativen Bilderlebens zurückführt. Fragen nach der Raumwahrnehmung sowie nach Bild und Haptik werden hier neu aufgeworfen und verbinden sich mit Walter Benjamins Aura-Diskurs genauso wie mit bild- und filmwissenschaftlichen Debatten um Begriffe des Sehens und der Visualität, der ästhetischen Immersion sowie der Frage nach dem Bild als Akt bei Georges Didi-Huberman, Jean-Luc Nancy, Rudolf Arnheim und anderen.
Wind Synthesis and Quality Control of Multiple-Doppler-Derived Horizontal Wind Fields (2004)

Horizontal wind vector fields can be measured in real time by a bistatic Doppler radar network and can be applied directly for hazard warnings and weather surveillance. Most applications, however, especially for meteorological research and operational meteorology, require quality-controlled wind fields. Therefore, a qualitycontrol scheme is developed that includes algorithms to determine the data quality. The algorithms are applied through a decision criterion, and the quality of wind measurement is weighted with values ranging from 1 to 0. The results of each weighting algorithm are merged to an average quality index field, which represents the confidence of each horizontal wind measurement. This averaged field is available together with the measured horizontal wind vector field for further applications. This idea is applicable for all kinds of spatial wind field measurements and is applied in the paper for horizontal wind fields measured for monostatic dual-and bistatic dual-and/or multiple-Doppler radar measurements. Wind synthesis and quality control of three-dimensional wind fields are presented for two frontal passages with stratiform precipitation and for a convective situation.
Linear programming in a Markov chain: notes on linear programming and extensions-part 59. (1962)

Intestinal absorption and hepatic and intestinal bacterial biotransformations of norcholic acid, the C23 homologue of cholic acid, were studied in the rats. Norcholic acid, like cholic acid, was efficiently absorbed from the intestine and quickly secreted into the bile. Unlike the C24 bile acid, however, which is secreted by rat liver as its taurine conjugate, the C23 bile acid appeared in the bile predominantly as the unconjugated form. conjugated form. Bacterial modification of norcholic acid was similar to but less extensive than that of cholic acid. A considerable part of norcholic acid was left unchanged during its passage through the intestinal tract. A major bacterial metabolite of norcholic acid was the 7-dehydrogenation product, 7-ketonordeoxycholic acid, rather than the 7-dehydroxylation product, nordeoxycholic acid, though the reverse is true for cholic acid.
Antisense-Induced Guanine Quadruplexes Inhibit Reverse Transcription by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (2010)

Guanine quadruplex structures in DNA and RNA affect normal cellular processes such as replication, recombination, and translation. Thus, controlling guanine quadruplex structures could make it possible to manipulate the biological function of nucleic acids. Here, we report a novel antisense strategy using guanine-tethered antisense oligonucleotides (g-ASs) that introduces an RNA-DNA heteroquadruplex structure on RNA templates in a predictable and sequence-specific manner, which in practice effectively inhibited reverse transcription on a variety of RNA sequences, including the HIV-1 RNA genome. Reverse transcriptase-mediated enzymatic analysis, together with other biophysical analyses, elucidated a cooperative binding of duplex and quadruplex in g-AS-RNA complexes. The remarkable ability of g-ASs to inhibit reverse transcription could make possible the development of novel anti-retroviral gene therapies based on blocking the replication of RNA genomes to complementary DNA, which is a critical step for integration into the host's genome.
Capacity-efficient restoration for optical networks (2002)

Traditional, ring-based restoration reserves half the network capacity for backup. Using generalized loopback, an alternate method for restoration, we show roughly 20% capacity enhancement and investigate tradeoffs between efficient capacity and robustness to double failures.
NK Cells, but Not NKT Cells, Are Involved in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Exotoxin A-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice (2004)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PEA) causes T cell- and Kupffer cell (KC)-dependent liver injury in mice. TNF-alpha as well as IL-18 and perforin are important mediators of liver damage following PEA injection. In this study, we focus on the role of NK and NKT cells in PEA-induced liver toxicity. Depletion of both NK and NKT cells by injection of anti-NK1.1 Ab as well as depletion of NK cells alone by anti-asialo GM1 Ab protected mice from PEA-induced hepatotoxicity, whereas mice lacking only NKT cells were susceptible. Additionally, we observed infiltration of NK cells, T cells, and neutrophils into liver parenchyma after injection of PEA. The number of NKT cells, however, remained unchanged. The increase in intrahepatic NK cells depended on KCs and the TNF-alpha-dependent up-regulation of the adhesion molecule VCAM-1 in the liver, but not on NKT cells. PEA also augmented the cytotoxicity of hepatic NK cells against typical NK target cells (YAC-1 cells). This effect depended on KCs, but not on TNF-alpha or NKT cells. Furthermore, only weak expression of MHC class I was detected on hepatocytes, which was further down-regulated in PEA-treated mice. This could explain the susceptibility of hepatocytes to NK cell cytolytic activity in this model. Our results demonstrate that NK cells, activated and recruited independently of NKT cells, contribute to PEA-induced T cell-dependent liver injury in mice.
Protestant preaching and the liberal tradition (1973)

Wth growing historical perspective, scholars study timely occasions when an enlightened, persuasive speaker makes a distinctive contribution to human progress. Nichols considered great speeches as reponses from thoughtful men standing before intellectual crossroads. Examining Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s speaking, Alonzo described his generation as “a creative, critical moment bursting with possibilities for great things when a decision has to be made; and if the right decision is not made, time may be set back many years.” Studying Robert G. Ingersoll, Fischer discovered that the august agnostic believed that “great orators are the products of their times, of great events, and marvelous achievements; they are disciples of the thoughts and aspirations of the age in which they live.” Inspired by the times which characterize an historic generation, great speeches frequently reflect intellectual ferment and social development.
Optimal Robot Motion Planning and Work-Cell Layout Design (1997)

This paper describes an interactive software system, developed at the Robotics and Automation Laboratory at UCLA to demonstrate innovative approaches to off-line robot programming and work-cell layout design. The software computes the time-optimal motions along specified paths, local optimal paths around an initial guess, and the global optimal path between given end-points. It considers the full robot dynamics, actuator constraints, on the payload acceleration or the gripping force, and any number of polygonal obstacles of any shape. The graphic displays provide a useful tool for interactive motion planning and workcell design.
Design of high efficiency, low profile, low voltage converter with integrated magnetics (2002)

This paper presents an innovative design for a high efficiency, low profile, low voltage DC-DC power converter module intended for card mounted applications in a distributed aircraft power system. An innovative integrated magnetic structure for the half-bridge power converter lumps all the magnetic components into one structure and reduces the number of magnetic terminations. By incorporating advanced hybrid power packaging with the proposed integrated magnetic technique, a preliminary hybrid module of 1.6"/spl times/2.0" footprint and 0.21" height was developed. An overall efficiency (including the control circuit and power stage) of 90% was achieved for a 3.3 V, 100 W output operating at a 500 kHz switching frequency. The new integrated magnetic structure can be extended to other topologies.
Evaluation of photographs supporting an FFQ developed for adolescents (2012)

The analysed photographs are appropriate visual aids to the reporting of food consumption by adolescents.
Solvent‐Aided Layer Crystallization of Glycerol – Post‐Treatment and the Influence of Agitation (2016)

Abstract The purification of glycerol from water by melt layer crystallization with an additional solvent to influence the crystallization kinetics is investigated. Static cold finger experiments including a sweating‐like post‐treatment were carried out. A simple seeding technique is introduced to facilitate layer crystallization without primary nucleation or agitation. It is shown that the glycerol crystal layers tend to burst in a traditional sweating procedure, but a modified temperature profile allows a post‐treatment with a similar effect. The solvent improved the separation efficiency of the growth step and also the one of the sweating step. Therefore, its effect does not only result from its influence on forced convection but also that on natural convection and diffusion.
Genetic engineering of taxol biosynthetic genes in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2005)

Baccatin III, an intermediate of Taxol biosynthesis and a useful precursor for semisynthesis of the anti-cancer drug, is produced in yew (Taxus) species by a sequence of 15 enzymatic steps from primary metabolism. Ten genes encoding enzymes of this extended pathway have been described, thereby permitting a preliminary attempt to reconstruct early steps of taxane diterpenoid (taxoid) metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a microbial production host. Eight of these taxoid biosynthetic genes were functionally expressed in yeast from episomal vectors containing one or more gene cassettes incorporating various epitope tags to permit protein surveillance and differentiation of those pathway enzymes of similar size. All eight recombinant proteins were readily detected by immunoblotting using specific monoclonal antibodies and each expressed protein was determined to be functional by in vitro enzyme assay, although activity levels differed considerably between enzyme types. Using three plasmids carrying different promoters and selection markers, genes encoding five sequential pathway steps leading from primary isoprenoid metabolism to the intermediate taxadien-5alpha- acetoxy-10beta-ol were installed in a single yeast host. Metabolite analysis showed that yeast isoprenoid precursors could be utilized in the reconstituted pathway because products accumulated from the first two engineered pathway steps (leading to the committed intermediate taxadiene); however, a pathway restriction was encountered at the first cytochrome P450 hydroxylation step. The means of overcoming this limitation are described in the context of further development of this novel approach for production of Taxol precursors and related taxoids in yeast.
Identification of Loudspeakers Using Fractional Derivatives (2014)

Abstract: When small loudspeakers reproduce audio at high volumes, the resulting degradation requires the use of equalization and linearization to attain quality. This requires accurate modeling and identification of the loudspeaker. As described previously, a technique based on polynomial state-space representation can be used in the loudspeaker identification process because it encompasses both the linear and nonlinear characteristics in one compact model. The nonlinear part, which is added to the linear part, is described by combination of cross-products of state and input variables. In order to reduce the complexity of this task, the loudspeaker model was split into two cascading parts: the electromechanical motor that transforms the input audio into displacement and the mechanico-acoustic component that transforms the displacement into an acoustic wave. In this paper, the authors show that the electrical impedance of the motor can be properly modeled and identified as a Fractional Order (FO) system. Experimental results demonstrate that the FO approach results in both a lower fitting error and a smaller order compared to the traditional integer order approach.