gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Synthesis of <i>cis</i>- or <i>trans</i>-3,5-Disubstituted Pyrazolidines via Pd-Catalyzed Carboamination Reactions: Use of Allylic Strain to Control Product Stereochemistry Through <i>N</i>-Substituent Manipulation (2008)

The stereoselective synthesis of either trans- or cis-3,5-disubstituted pyrazolidines is accomplished via Pd-catalyzed carboamination reactions of unsaturated hydrazine derivatives. The products are obtained in good yield with up to >20:1 diastereoselectivity. Stereocontrol is achieved by modulating the degree of allylic strain in the transition state for syn-aminopalladation through a simple modification of the substrate N(2)-substituent. The pyrazolidine products can be further transformed to 3,5-disubstituted pyrazolines via deprotection/oxidation, or to substituted 1,3-diamines via N-N bond cleavage.
A Dictionary of Chemical Engineering (2014)

Over 3,200 entriesThis dictionary provides definitions and explanations for chemical engineering terms in areas including: materials, energy balances, reactions, separations, sustainability, safety, and ethics. Comprehensively cross-referenced and complemented by over 60 line drawings, this dictionary is the most authoritative of its kind. It also covers many pertinent terms from the fields of chemistry, physics, biology, and mathematics.
A re-examination of the Friedel–Crafts acetylation of 2-methoxynaphthalene (1966)

Acetylation of 2-methoxynaphthalene (I) in carbon disulphide, chloroform, or nitrobenzene, gives various yields of 1-acetyl-2-methoxynaphthalene (II), of 2-acetyl-6-methoxynaphthalene (III), of 1-acetyl-7-methoxy-naphthalene (IV), and small amounts of the corresponding phenols. A 44% yield of compound (II) is obtainable in carbon disulphide, and a 43% yield of compound (III) in nitrobenzene, by different addition procedures. In chloroform, using a Perrier addition, about 7% of 1,6-diacetyl-2-methoxynaphthalene (V) is formed, in spite of much unchanged (I) remaining. Treatment in chloroform of compound (II) under acetylating conditions results in some 3% rearrangement to (III), some 0·3% rearrangement to (IV), and much deacylation to (I); the rearrangement is too slow, however, to account mechanistically for the formation of compounds (III) and (IV) in normal acylations of compound (I). Results from a competitive acetylation show that the 1-position of compound (I) is 1·72 times as reactive, the 6-position 3·8 times as reactive, and the 8-position 0·9 times as reactive as the α-, α-, and β-positions, respectively, of naphthalene.
MMSE multiuser detection for array multicarrier DS-CDMA in fading channels (2005)

Reception of asynchronous, multicarrier direct-sequence-code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) in time-varying, multipath radio channels with use of a receiving antenna array is investigated. Interference reducing minimum mean squared error (MMSE) receivers are discussed, and by considering the time-variation of the channel, a modified structure is derived which is efficient for channels experiencing small-scale fading. A blind implementation of this receiver is then proposed. Subspace concepts are applied to formulate a tracking, composite channel vector estimator which operates effectively in fading situations, even when high levels of interference are present. Both the modified MMSE weight matrix and diversity combining weights are generated from these channel estimates. Simulations of the proposed receiver show it to have superior performance over a standard MMSE receiver which is periodically re-evaluated to permit it to follow the channel variations due to small-scale fading. Furthermore, a hybrid MMSE receiver is proposed which applies different processing methods depending on each transmitters mobility, resulting in improved performance.
Isolation of cDNA for Bovine Stomach 155 kDa Protein Exhibiting Myosin Light Chain Kinase Activity1 (1992)

Two proteins with myosin light chain kinase activity and electrophoretic molecular weights of 155,000 and 130,000 were each isolated from bovine stomach smooth muscle [Kuwayama, H., Suzuki, M., Koga, R., & Ebashi, S. (1988) J. Biochem. 104, 862-866]. The 155 kDa component showed a much higher superprecipitation-inducing activity than the 130 kDa component, when compared on the basis of equivalent myosin light chain kinase activity. In this study, we isolated a cDNA for the entire coding region of the 155 kDa protein. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a high degree of similarity to those of chicken and rabbit smooth muscle myosin light chain kinases. Multiple motifs, such as three repeats of an immunoglobulin C2-like domain, a fibronectin type III domain, and unusual 20 repeats of 12 amino acids were detected in the sequence. Part of the amino-terminal sequence was similar to that of the actin- and calmodulin-binding domain of smooth muscle caldesmon. These observations suggest that the 155 kDa protein has additional functions other than its enzymatic activity. Two mRNAs of 6.0 and 2.6 kb in length in the bovine stomach smooth muscle RNAs were hybridized with cDNA probes. The 2.6-kb RNA probably encodes telokin, which is the carboxyl terminus of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. mRNAs with identical lengths were also detected in bovine aorta.
A Correction to “Some More Hobson Verses” (1948)

Research Article| June 01 1948 A Correction to “Some More Hobson Verses” G. Blakemore Evans G. Blakemore Evans Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Modern Language Quarterly (1948) 9 (2): 184. https://doi.org/10.1215/00267929-9-2-184 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation G. Blakemore Evans; A Correction to “Some More Hobson Verses”. Modern Language Quarterly 1 June 1948; 9 (2): 184. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00267929-9-2-184 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter Books & JournalsAll JournalsModern Language Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1948 by Duke University Press1948 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Articles You do not currently have access to this content.
N-Linked Glycosylation of the HIV Type-1 gp120 Envelope Glycoprotein as a Major Determinant of CCR5 and CXCR4 Coreceptor Utilization (2001)

The variable V1V2 and V3 regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (gp120) can influence viral coreceptor usage. To substantiate this we generated isogenic HIV-1 molecularly cloned viruses that were composed of the HxB2 envelope backbone containing the V1V2 and V3 regions from viruses isolated from a patient progressing to disease. We show that the V3 amino acid charge per se had little influence on altering the virus coreceptor phenotype. The V1V2 region and its N-linked glycosylation degree were shown to confer CXCR4 usage and provide the virus with rapid replication kinetics. Loss of an N-linked glycosylation site within the V3 region had a major influence on the virus switching from the R5 to X4 phenotype in a V3 charge-dependent manner. The loss of this V3 N-linked glycosylation site was also linked with the broadening of the coreceptor repertoire to incorporate CCR3. By comparing the amino acid sequences of primary HIV-1 isolates, we identified a strong association between high V3 charge and the loss of this V3 N-linked glycosylation site. These results demonstrate that the N-linked glycosylation pattern of the HIV-1 envelope can strongly influence viral coreceptor utilization and the R5 to X4 switch.
High progesterone during avian meiosis biases sex ratios toward females (2005)

Evidence of altered primary sex ratios in birds shows that mothers can manipulate the sex of their offspring before oviposition. In birds, females are the heterogametic sex (ZW) and males are homogametic (ZZ). Sex is determined in the first meiotic division, when one sex chromosome is retained in the oocyte and the other segregates to the polar body. Altered primary sex ratios suggest that birds may be capable of biasing the segregation of sex chromosomes during meiosis I. During the time of meiosis I, follicular steroid production is limited primarily to progesterone (P4). We experimentally manipulated the levels of P4 in female domestic chickens during the approximate time of meiosis I. We advanced the ovulation of the first egg of a sequence (or clutch) with a subcutaneous injection of P4. We found a significant effect of P4 dose on the sex of the resulting egg. The high progesterone group produced 25% males whereas the low progesterone group produced 61% males and the control group produced 63% males in the first ovulation of the sequence. We propose that variation in maternal progesterone during the critical time for genetic sex determination is the mechanism for primary sex ratio manipulation in birds.
Selective regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE3A isoforms (2013)

Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) PDE3A have inotropic actions in human myocardium, but their long-term use increases mortality in patients with heart failure. Two isoforms in cardiac myocytes, PDE3A1 and PDE3A2, have identical amino acid sequences except for a unique N-terminal extension in PDE3A1. We expressed FLAG-tagged PDE3A1 and PDE3A2 in HEK293 cells and examined their regulation by PKA- and PKC-mediated phosphorylation. PDE3A1, which is localized to intracellular membranes, and PDE3A2, which is cytosolic, were phosphorylated at different sites within their common sequence. Exposure to isoproterenol led to phosphorylation of PDE3A1 at the 14-3-3-binding site S312, whereas exposure to PMA led to phosphorylation of PDE3A2 at an alternative 14-3-3-binding site, S428. PDE3A2 activity was stimulated by phosphorylation at S428, whereas PDE3A1 activity was not affected by phosphorylation at either site. Phosphorylation of PDE3A1 by PKA and of PDE3A2 by PKC led to shifts in elution on gel-filtration chromatography consistent with increased interactions with other proteins, and 2D electrophoresis of coimmunoprecipitated proteins revealed that the two isoforms have distinct protein interactomes. A similar pattern of differential phosphorylation of endogenous PDE3A1 and PDE3A2 at S312 and S428 is observed in human myocardium. The selective phosphorylation of PDE3A1 and PDE3A2 at alternative sites through different signaling pathways, along with the different functional consequences of phosphorylation for each isoform, suggest they are likely to have distinct roles in cyclic nucleotide-mediated signaling in human myocardium, and raise the possibility that isoform-selective inhibition may allow inotropic responses without an increase in mortality.
Characterization, modelling and performance evaluation of CMOS integrated multielectrode tunable capacitor (MTC) (2005)

This paper describes the characterization, modelling and evaluation of multielectrode micromechanical structures. Firstly, results of interferometric inspection and electrostatic measurements of fixed–fixed beams with various anchor designs are presented. These data, combined with finite element (FE) analysis of anchor compliance, are used to extract the elastic modulus and residual stress for a thin film aluminium structural layer. Secondly, a multielectrode tunable capacitor (MTC) is presented. The device consists of a suspended top plate and split bottom electrode. The 'leveraged bending' method is examined for extending the tuning range (TR) of such a capacitor. FE simulation of the MTC up to pull-in instability for each drive electrode configuration indicates a TR varying from 1000% to 40% in the range of stress from 0 to 45 MPa. An analytical model for the pull-in voltage of the MTC taking into account partial and/or multielectrode configuration, non-ideal anchors, field fringing and plane strain is presented. The analytical and FE simulations are validated with measured data.
A 802 nA quiescent current and 100 mA load low-dropout regulator for micro energy harvest system (2018)

A 802 nA quiescent current low-dropout regulator (LDO) with a maximum load current of 100 mA for micro energy harvest system is proposed in this paper. A differential input two-stage Miller error amplifier working with a low bias current is adopted to obtain low quiescent current. A push-pull output stage for error amplifier is used to accelerate the speed of the system and improves circuit transient response in this study. In order to stabilize the output voltage within the whole region, an overshoot reduction circuitry is used. The whole circuit is designed in a VIS0.4 μm BCD process with an area of 0.086 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The simulation results show that the quiescent power dissipation is just 802 nA. The maximum overshoot voltage is less than 63 mV when the load current is 100 mA.
Pyramid segmentation in 2-D and 3-D images using local optimization (2003)

A segmentation algorithm is presented which uses pyramid data structures as a means for achieving computational efficiency and for improving the quality of the segmentation. Results of experiments on synthetic and actual computed tomographic data are presented, and future enhancements to the algorithms are discussed. The motivation for using pyramids is to reduce computational costs through a coarse-to-fine segmentation strategy and to improve the quality of the segmentation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growth and Differentiation of Mouse Epidermal Cells in Culture: Effects of Extracellular Calcium (2015)

The pattern of proliferation and differentiation in cultured mouse epidermal cells in markedly altered by modifying the ionic calcium concentration in the culture medium. When medium calcium is lowered from 1.44 mM to 0.05-0.1 mM, keratinocytes proliferate rapidly with a high growth fraction, do not stratify, but continue to synthesize keratin. The cells grow as a monolayer for several months and can be subcultured in low Ca++ medium. Ultrastructural examination of cells cultured under low Ca++ conditions reveals widened intercellular spaces with an absence of desmosomes. Microvilli are numerous, and tonofilaments and cellular organelles are organized perinuclearly. Epidermal cells growing as a monolayer in low Ca++ can be identified to terminally differentiate by adding calcium to the level normally found in the culture medium. Contact between cells occurs rapidly and desmosomes form within 2 hours. The cells stratify in 1-2 days and terminally differentiate in 3-4 days. After Ca++ addition, DNA synthesis decreases after a lag of 5-10 hours and is totally inhibited within 36 hours. In contrast, RNA and protein synthesis continue at 40-50% of the control level at Day 3, a time when many cells are detaching from the culture dish. Keratin synthesis is unaffected by the Ca++ switch. Manipulation of epidermal proliferation and differentiation by altering extracellular calcium levels should enhance the usefulness of epidermal cell cultures in the study of differentiation and carcinogenesis.
Investigation of interlayer exchange coupling in ferro-/antiferro-/ferromagnetic trilayers (2006)

This work investigates the exchange interaction between two ferromagnetic layers (FeCoV) separated by an antiferromagnetic spacer (NiO). FeCoV/NiO/FeCoV trilayers are prepared using DC magnetron sputtering. Detailed models of the real layer structure are deduced from X-ray reflectivity measurements revealing a consistent quality of the samples. Bulk magnetic properties show a dependence of the magnetization reversal on the thickness of the NiO spacer. In order to resolve the magnetization reversal of individual FeCoV layers polarized neutron reflectivity measurements are performed. The experimental results show that the magnetization of both FeCoV layers reverse coherently in the regime of thin NiO spacer layers but they have different switching fields in the case of thick NiO spacers. These observations can be explained within available theoretical models, which involve a twist of the antiferromagnetic spins.
Ad Hoc Network Simulation Based On Swarm (2010)

With the characters of acentric、self-organized、multi-hops and dynamic topology,Ad Hoc Network plays an important role in mobile computing era.This article discusses how to use Multi-Agent based modeling method to simulate message broadcast process of Ad Hoc newwork.Through different parameters from different situations of the simulation,the paper analysises some laws of Ad Hoc Network.
Growth of High-Electron-Mobility InN by RF Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2001)

We succeeded in growing InN films two-dimensionally by radio-frequency plasma-excited molecular beam epitaxy (RF-MBE), using a low-temperature-grown InN buffer layer. From the results of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) observation and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, it was found that a single crystal of InN films with a wurtzite structure was obtained. Moreover, from the results of Hall effect measurement, it was found that the InN films had quite high electron mobilities. The best electron mobility at room temperature obtained in this study was 760 cm 2 /V·s and the corresponding carrier density was 3.0×10 19 cm -3 . To our knowledge, this electron mobility is the highest value ever reported for single crystal InN films.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyamino Acids as Antiscalants, Dispersants, Antifreezes, and Absorbent Gelling Materials (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
8"*8" full color cockpit display (1990)

The operation of active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs), the preferred flat-panel displays for avionic and aerospace applications, is explained. An 8-in.*8-in. full-color AMLCD designed for a military aircraft is described, as well as the principles of the p-i-n diode switch on which its design is based. The performance characteristics of the display are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Plant and Yeast Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (1994)

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase is the molecular target of diphenylether (DPEs) type herbicides. In order to better understand the mechanism of action of DPEs, we purified to homogeneity protoporphyrinogen oxidase from lettuce etiochloroplasts and from yeast mitochondria. Both enzymes are 55 KDa flavo-proteins, the lettuce enzyme contains FMN while the yeast enzyme contains FAD. The kinetic properties of the purified enzymes are very comparable to those reported for the membrane-bound enzymes in terms of affinity toward protoporphyrinogen IX and inhibition by DPEs. We further characterized a yeast strain deficient in protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity as containing normal amounts of immunodetectable protoporphyrinogen oxidase. However, the mutant protein was unable to bind a tritiated DPE.
Pathview: an R/Bioconductor package for pathway-based data integration and visualization (2013)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multiple‐unit and second transfusions of red cells enzymatically converted from group B to group O: report on the end of phase 1 trials (1995)

ECO RBCs are safe and efficacious when transfused more than once or in multiple-unit volumes to group O or A subjects, and ECO RBCs prepared with recombinant or native enzyme are equivalent in vivo.
GABA-Related Systems as Targets for Insecticides (1987)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory transmitter substance in the central nervous system of both insects and higher animals. However, there are subtle differences in the properties of the GABA-receptor complex between these two groups of animals. The picrotoxinin receptor of the cockroach head differs in several respects from that of the rat brain in its response to cyclodiene-type as well as pyrethroid insecticides. The molecular topography of the cockroach picrotoxinin receptor has been studied by synthesizing various picrotoxinin analogs. There appears to be a minimum requirement for an active ligand to possess at least two of three critical moieties comprised of two electronegative and one steric bulkiness (hydrophobicity) centers. In the case of the chloride channel the most conspicuous species difference was noted when the action of avermectin B1a was studied. Mammalian systems respond by increases in GABA release, benzodiazepine binding, GABA-binding and chloride permeability. In the case of the cockroach this pesticide causes a profound change only in the putative chloride channel.
Localization of human based on fuzzy spiking neural network in informationally structured space (2010)

This paper proposes a human localization method in informationally structured space based on sensor network First, we explain informationally structured space, robot partners, and sensor networks developed in this study. Next, we apply a fuzzy spiking neural network to extract a person from the measured data by the sensor network. Furthermore, we propose a learning method of fuzzy spiking neural network based on the time series of measured data. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of the proposed methods through experimental results in a living room.
Design and Synthesis of Potent Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) Proteins Antagonists Bearing an Octahydropyrrolo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyrazine Scaffold as a Novel Proline Mimetic (2013)

To develop novel inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins antagonists, we designed a bicyclic octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine scaffold as a novel proline bioisostere. This design was based on the X-ray co-crystal structure of four N-terminal amino acid residues (AVPI) of the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) with the X-chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP) protein. Lead optimization of this scaffold to improve oral absorption yielded compound 45, which showed potent cellular IAP1 (cIAP1 IC(50): 1.3 nM) and XIAP (IC(50): 200 nM) inhibitory activity, in addition to potent tumor growth inhibitory activity (GI(50): 1.8 nM) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. X-ray crystallographic analysis of compound 45 bound to XIAP and to cIAP1 was achieved, revealing the various key interactions that contribute to the higher cIAPI affinity of compound 45 over XIAP. Because of its potent IAP inhibitory activities, compound 45 (T-3256336) caused tumor regression in a MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft model (T/C: -53% at 30 mg/kg).
Performance analysis of transmit antenna diversity in 3G WCDMA system (2002)

Transmit diversity schemes employ several antennas at the cellular base station to improve the forward link transmission performance (throughput, range, capacity and quality) without increasing the complexity of the mobile station. This paper attempts to evaluate the forward link performance improvement using different transmit diversity schemes by means of computer simulation. The schemes considered are space-time transmit diversity (STTD) and feedback mode transmit diversity (FBTD) proposed in a third generation (3G) WCDMA system. The effect of noisy channel estimates, due to imperfect channel estimation, and of imperfect closed loop power control, due to imperfect signal to interference ratio (SIR) estimation, on the performance is analyzed under different channel conditions and mobile velocities. The channel environments considered in the simulations are single ray Rayleigh fading, vehicular channel and pedestrian channel. It is observed that, with power control, the difference in the performance of ND, STTD and FBTD is not significant (around 1 dB to 2 dB) at high user velocities (>120 kmph). It is hence concluded that that with SIR based closed loop power control and imperfect channel estimation, diversity gains are not significant in the downlink of WCDMA system.