gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perspective: A Method for Uniform Reporting of Grid Refinement Studies (1994)

This paper proposes the use of a Grid Convergence Index (GCI) for the uniform reporting of grid refinement studies in Computational Fluid Dynamics. The method provides an objective asymptotic approach to quantification of uncertainty of grid convergence. The basic idea is to approximately relate the results from any grid refinement test to the expected results from a grid doubling using a second-order method. The GCI is based upon a grid refinement error estimator derived from the theory of generalized Richardson Extrapolation. It is recommended for use whether or not Richardson Extrapolation is actually used to improve the accuracy, and in some cases even if the conditions for the theory do not strictly hold. A different form of the GCI applies to reporting coarse grid solutions when the GCI is evaluated from a “nearby” problem. The simple formulas may be applied a posteriori by editors and reviewers, even if authors are reluctant to do so.
Recursive model optimization using ICP and free moving 3D data acquisition (2004)

We describe a recursive multiresolution algorithm that reconstructs high-resolution and high-accuracy 3D images from low-resolution sparse range images or profiles. The method starts by creating a rough, partial, and potentially distorted estimate of the model of the object from an initial subset of sparse range data; then, using ICP algorithms, it recursively improves and refines the model by adding new range information. In parallel, real-time tracking of the object is performed in order to allow the laser scan to be automatically centered on the object. The end result is the creation of a high-resolution and accurate 3D model of a free-floating object, and real-time tracking of its position. Examples of the method are presented when the object and the 3D camera are moving freely with respect to each other. The system provides high accuracy hand-held laser scanning that does not require complex and costly mechanical scanning apparatus or external positioning devices.
Narrowband Wavelength Selective Thermal Emitters by Confined Tamm Plasmon Polaritons (2017)

This study experimentally demonstrates infrared wavelength selective thermal emission based on Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs). Unlike conventional TPP structures, which have a thin metal layer on a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), the proposed structure has a thick metal under a DBR that is more robust for thermal radiation. The number of DBR pairs is a critical factor in maximizing the narrowband emission needed to satisfy the impedance matching condition, which varies with the choice of metal film. Optimum designs for four different metals, aluminum, gold, molybdenum, and tungsten, are presented. The temporal coupled-mode theory was introduced to explain the origin of the high Q-factor of the proposed structure, which can achieve a twice higher Q-factor for the measured emissivity compared to typical plasmonic thermal emitters. The structure is one-dimensional, consisting of only multilayers and free from nanopatterning, offering a practical design in applications such as gas sensing, narrowband IR sources, and thermophotovoltaics.
Vibrios Associated with <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> Larvae, Postlarvae, Broodstock, and Hatchery Probionts (1999)

Several bacteriological surveys were performed from 1994 to 1996 at different Litopenaeus vannamei hatcheries (in Ecuador) and shrimp farms (in Mexico). Samples were taken from routine productions of healthy and diseased L. vannamei larvae, postlarvae, and their culture environment and from healthy and diseased juveniles and broodstock. In Ecuador, the dominant bacterial flora associated with shrimp larvae showing symptoms of zoea 2 syndrome, mysis mold syndrome, and bolitas syndrome has been determined. Strains were characterized by Biolog metabolic fingerprinting and identified by comparison to a database of 850 Vibrio type and reference strains. A selection of strains was further genotypically fine typed by AFLP. Vibrio alginolyticus is predominantly present in all larval stages and is associated with healthy nauplius and zoea stages. AFLP genetic fingerprinting shows high genetic heterogeneity among V. alginolyticus strains, and the results suggest that putative probiotic and pathogenic strains each have specific genotypes. V. alginolyticus was found to be associated with larvae with the zoea 2 syndrome and the mysis mold syndrome, while different Vibrio species (V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi) are associated with the bolitas syndrome. V. harveyi is associated with diseased postlarvae, juveniles, and broodstock. The identities of the strains identified as V. harveyi by the Biolog system could not be unambiguously confirmed by AFLP genomic fingerprinting. Vibrio strain STD3-988 and one unidentified strain (STD3-959) are suspected pathogens of only juvenile and adult stages. V. parahaemolyticus, Photobacterium damselae, and V. mimicus are associated with juvenile and adult stages.
New method promises check on carbon monoxide poisoning (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew method promises check on carbon monoxide poisoningScience Service Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1929, 6, 1, 35Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1929Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1929Published inissue 1 January 1929https://doi.org/10.1021/ed006p35RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (469 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Polymer Brushes: Routes toward Mechanosensitive Surfaces (2009)

Soft nanotechnology involves both understanding the behavior of soft matter and using these components to build useful nanoscale structures and devices. However, molecular scale properties such as Brownian motion, diffusion, surface forces, and conformational flexibility dominate the chemistry and physics in soft nanotechnology, and therefore the design rules for generating functional structures from soft, self-assembled materials are still developing. Biological motors illustrate how wet nanoscale machines differ from their macroscopic counterparts. These molecular machines convert chemical energy into mechanical motion through an isothermal process: chemical reactions generate chemical potential and diffusion of ions, leading to conformational changes in proteins and the production of mechanical force. Because the actuation steps form a thermodynamic cycle that is reversible, the application of mechanical forces can also generate a chemical potential. This reverse process of mechanotransduction is the underlying sensing and signaling mechanism for a wide range of physiological phenomena such as hearing, touch, and growth of bone. Many of the biological systems that respond to mechanical stimuli do this via complex stress-activated ion channels or remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. These biological actuation and mechanosensing processes are rather different from nano- and microelectromechanical systems (NEMS and MEMS) produced via semiconductor fabrication technologies. In our group, we are working to emulate biological mechanotransduction by systematically developing building blocks based on polymer brushes. In this soft nanotechnology approach to mechanotransduction, the chemical building blocks are polymer chains whose conformational changes and actuation can be investigated at a very basic level in polymer brushes, particularly polyelectrolyte brushes. Because these polymer brushes are easily accessible synthetically with control over parameters such as composition, chain length, and chain density, brushes provide a robust platform to study the coupling of mechanical forces with conformational changes of the chains. This Account provides an overview of our recent research in the design of mechanosensitive polymer brushes starting with the demonstration of nanoactuators and leading to our first attempts toward the creation of artificial mechanotransduction elements. As the brushes collapse in response to external triggers such as pH and ion concentration, polyelectrolyte brushes provide stimuli-responsive films. These collapse transitions lead to the generation of mechanical forces, and by reversing the chain of events, we designed a mechanically responsive film with a chemical output. Having reported an initial proof-of-principle experiment, we think that the stage is set for the preparation of more elaborate mechanosensitive surfaces.
Blood-Serum Level of Uric Acid in Top Sportsmen (1967)

RésuméDans un groupe comprenant 50 sportifs hors ligne, dont 27 personnes, à savoir 54 pourcent, qui ont été traitées pendant une période d'entraînement intensif précédant des concours internationaux ont eu des niveaux sanguins d'acide urique d'environ 5 mg par 100 ml, ou beaucoup plus élevés, avec un taux moyen de 4,90 mg par 100 ml.Chez 23 de ces sportifs, à savoir 46 pourcent, y compris des champions éminents sur une échelle mondiale et européenne, qui se trouvaient dans une période de détente relative après les concours, le niveau sanguin a été considérablement plus bas avec un taux moyen de 3,05 mg par 100 ml.L'auteur considére que l'augmentation d'uricémie dans le groupe des 27 sportifs provenait de l'entraînement intensif, résultant en une destruction accélérée et une formation réitérée de protéine.Il serait très intéressant de savoir, si l'uricémie accrue donnerait lieu, au bout d'un certain temps, à une apparence, soit de quelques signes indiquant un syndrome d'hyperuricémie, soit de goutte.
Towards real-time traffic sign detection and classification (2014)

This paper aims to deal with real-time traffic sign recognition, i.e. localizing what type of traffic sign appears in which area of an input image at a fast processing time. To achieve this goal, a two-module framework (detection module and classification module) is proposed. In detection module, we firstly transform the input color image to probability maps by using color probability model. Then the traffic sign proposals are extracted by finding maximally stable extremal regions on these maps. Finally, an SVM classifier which trained with color HOG features is utilized to further filter out the false positives and classify the remaining proposals to their super classes. In classification module, we use CNN to classify the detected signs to their sub-classes within each super class. Experiments on the GTSDB benchmark show that our method achieves comparable performance to the state-of-the-art methods with significantly improved computational efficiency, which is 20 times faster than the existing best method.
Latent Multi-view Subspace Clustering (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel Latent Multi-view Subspace Clustering (LMSC) method, which clusters data points with latent representation and simultaneously explores underlying complementary information from multiple views. Unlike most existing single view subspace clustering methods that reconstruct data points using original features, our method seeks the underlying latent representation and simultaneously performs data reconstruction based on the learned latent representation. With the complementarity of multiple views, the latent representation could depict data themselves more comprehensively than each single view individually, accordingly makes subspace representation more accurate and robust as well. The proposed method is intuitive and can be optimized efficiently by using the Augmented Lagrangian Multiplier with Alternating Direction Minimization (ALM-ADM) algorithm. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets have validated the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Precise excision and transposition of <i>piggyBac</i> in pink bollworm embryos (1999)

Transposable elements such as P, hobo, Hermes, mariner and Minos have been successfully harnessed as gene vectors to achieve the transformation of several dipteran species including Drosophila melanogaster, Ceratitis capitata and Aedes aegypti. Plasmid-based excision and transposition assays have been useful indicators of an element's ability to be mobilized in vivo and thus potentially serve as a transforming vector. We report that the transposable element piggyBac is capable of precise excision and transposition in the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), a worldwide pest of cultivated cotton. Combined with a suitable marker gene, the piggyBac element may serve as a vector for germline transformation in this and (potentially) other lepidopteran species.
Sucrose Metabolism in Resting-Cell Suspensions of Caries-Associated and Non-Caries-Associated Dental Plaque (1977)

Small specimens of cariogenic plaque (CP) and non-cariogenic plaque (NCP) from the same tooth were individually dispersed in buffer, divided equally, and incubated for 45 min with [(14)C]sucrose uniformly labeled either in the glucosyl moiety or the fructosyl moiety. Sucrose metabolism was analyzed periodically during an anaerobic incubation at 37 degrees C. Radiochemical techniques were devised to analyze formation of lactic acid, soluble extracellular polysaccharide, total cell-bound and insoluble products, intracellular polysaccharide, lactic acid from intracellular polysaccharide catabolism, insoluble extracellular glucan, CO(2), total volatile acids, individual volatile acids, and rates of sucrose consumption. The contribution of the glucosyl and fructosyl moieties of sucrose to each metabolic by-product was determined. All of the metabolic data were adjusted to the size of the plaque specimens as determined by colony-forming units, Coulter counter particle counts, and fluorometric protein analyses. Both types of dental plaque transformed from 70 to 80% of the consumed sucrose into lactic acid and cell-bound and insoluble products, primarily intracellular polysaccharide and extracellular glucan. Volatile acids accounted for most of the remaining by-products. CP metabolized significantly more sucrose than NCP and consequently produced significantly higher levels of each metabolic by-product. High levels of Streptococcus mutans were found in CP (averaging 40% of colony-forming units), whereas it was virtually absent in NCP. Actinomyces and S. sanguis levels were distinctly higher in NCP. NCP harbored more anaerobes and dextranase-forming microorganisms than CP.
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of polypyrrole/expanded vermiculite intercalated nanocomposite (2008)

Abstract The conductive polypyrrole (PPy) is intercalated into the interlayers of expanded vermiculite (EVMT) to produce the nanocomposite with high conductivity by a synchronous polymerization of pyrrole and intercalation of PPy reaction in aqueous solution. The structures and properties are characterized by the nanocomposite using powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, and stability measurements. The nanocomposite exhibited a typical percolation phenomena and the percolation threshold is around mass ratio for pyrrole to EVMT 0.22. Under optimized conditions, a PPy/EVMT intercalated nanocomposite with conductivity of 67 S cm −1 is obtained. The intercalated nanocomposite has a good environmental stability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Stabilization of a flying vehicle on a taut tether using inertial sensing (2013)

Given a hover-capable flying vehicle attached to a fixed point by a taut tether, we present a novel method to recover the vehicle's relative position and absolute orientation. The proposed method requires only on-board inertial sensors, and indirectly measures the string force, enabling the additional use of the tether as a physical user interaction medium. We present the vertical-plane dynamics of such a system and the localization approach, discuss sensitivity issues, and implement an estimator and controller based on the presented model. We demonstrate the method experimentally on a tethered quadrocopter in the Flying Machine Arena, using both a vertical-plane-constrained vehicle and in 3D.
Solving the rectangular packing problem by an adaptive GA based on sequence-pair (1999)

In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the rectangular packing problem (RP), in which the sequence-pair representation is adopted as the coding scheme of each chromosome. New genetic operators for RP are presented to explore the search space efficiently. The proposed GA has an adaptive strategy which dynamically selects an appropriate genetic operator during the GA execution depending on the state of an individual. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our adaptive genetic algorithm compared to simulated annealing (SA).
A Generalised Bi-axial Hysteresis Model for Dynamic Structural Analysis (2005)

Primary flexural structural members such as columns, piles, and bridge piers are usually subjected to bi-axial structural interaction under two-dimensional excitation, torsional motion, or even under seemingly uni-axial excitation but with structural irregularity. Bi-axial interaction has been known to significantly affects, in many cases magnifies, the response in the inelastic range. Field surveys after recent earthquakes, e.g. the 1995 Kobe, Japan earthquake, have revealed that damages were often influenced by two-dimensional ground shaking (JSCE 1995). To realistically predict structural behaviour under dynamic loadings, the response characteristics due to bi-directional interaction need to be properly taken into account. Compared to uni-axial cases, the distinct characteristics of bi-axial hysteresis curves often observed are negative stiffness and 'rounded corners' of the curves near the time instants of unloading. Developed based on the widely used Bouc-Wen model, this paper presents a generalised bi-axial smooth hysteresis model that takes into account the commonly observed hysteretic characteristics of strength and stiffness degradation, asymmetry in ultimate positive and negative forces, pinching, and those exclusively found in bi-axial interaction. Comparison of the model results with that from cyclic and pseudo-dynamic tests shows that they are in excellent agreement. Successful development of the model provides a key for more realistic three-dimensional inelastic analysis, allowing better understanding of structural system performance under dynamic loads.
A SARS-CoV-2 targeted siRNA-nanoparticle therapy for COVID-19 (2021)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in humans. Despite several emerging vaccines, there remains no verifiable therapeutic targeted specifically to the virus. Here we present a highly effective siRNA therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2 infection using a novel lipid nanoparticle delivery system. Multiple small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting highly conserved regions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus were screened and three candidate siRNAs emerged that effectively inhibit virus by greater than 90% either alone or in combination with one another. We simultaneously developed and screened two novel lipid nanoparticle formulations for the delivery of these candidate siRNA therapeutics to the lungs, an organ that incurs immense damage during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Encapsulation of siRNAs in these LNPs followed by <i>in vivo</i> injection demonstrated robust repression of virus in the lungs and a pronounced survival advantage to the treated mice. Our LNP-siRNA approaches are scalable and can be administered upon the first sign of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. We suggest that an siRNA-LNP therapeutic approach could prove highly useful in treating COVID-19 disease as an adjunctive therapy to current vaccine strategies.
No Suture No Glue Technique of Scleral Fixated IOL (SFIOL) Implantation for Management of Aphakia (2018)

Purpose: To report results of a new technique for sutureless glueless intrascleral fixation of three piece posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) using 26-gauge needle for management of aphakia. Design: Prospective, non-comparative, interventional case series. Participants: 30 eyes of 30 consecutive patients with aphakia, dislocated IOL or subluxated crystalline lens who underwent3-piece posterior chamber sutureless glueless implantation of an IOL were studied. Material and Methods: 26-gauge needle guided intrascleral fixation of three piece posterior chamber IOL was performed according to the described technique. The patients were evaluated on day 2,1 week,6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively for change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure, IOL centration and any other complications. Result: None of the eyes developed any intraoperative and postoperative complications. The IOLs had appropriate centration and stability. A significant improvement in mean BCVA (P < 0.05) was observed after the procedure.
Studies on the mechanisms of autophagy: maturation of the autophagic vacuole. (1990)

Data presented in the accompanying paper suggests nascent autophagic vacuoles are formed from RER (Dunn, W. A. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 110:1923-1933). In the present report, the maturation of newly formed or nascent autophagic vacuoles into degradative vacuoles was examined using morphological and biochemical methods combined with immunological probes. Within 15 min of formation, autophagic vacuoles acquired acid hydrolases and lysosomal membrane proteins, thus becoming degradative vacuoles. A previously undescribed type of autophagic vacuole was also identified having characteristics of both nascent and degradative vacuoles, but was different from lysosomes. This intermediate compartment contained only small amounts of cathepsin L in comparison to lysosomes and was bound by a double membrane, typical of nascent vacuoles. However, unlike nascent vacuoles vet comparable to degradative vacuoles, these vacuoles were acidic and contained the lysosomal membrane protein, lgp120, at the outer limiting membrane. The results were consistent with the stepwise acquisition of lysosomal membrane proteins and hydrolases. The presence of mannose-6-phosphate receptor in autophagic vacuoles suggested a possible role of this receptor in the delivery of newly synthesized hydrolases from the Golgi apparatus. However, tunicamycin had no significant effect on the amount of mature acid hydrolases present in a preparation of autophagic vacuoles isolated from a metrizamide gradient. Combined, the results suggested nascent autophagic vacuoles mature into degradative vacuoles in a stepwise fashion: (a) acquisition of lysosomal membrane proteins by fusing with a vesicle deficient in hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., prelysosome); (b) vacuole acidification; and (c) acquisition of hydrolases by fusing with preexisting lysosomes or Golgi apparatus-derived vesicles.
Elastic Fiber Organization (1993)

Elastic fibers are components of virtually all mammalian connective tissues. Elastin, the major protein component of elastic fibers, has unique elastomeric properties which provide the reversible deformability that is critical to arterial vessels, lungs and skin. Without such a property, the structural integrity and function of these tissues would be greatly impaired.