gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Textile electrodes in electrical bioimpedance measurements &#x2013; a comparison with conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes (2009)

Work has been intensified around the integration of textile and measurement technology for physiological measurements in the last years. As a result nowadays it is possible to find available commercial products for cardiovascular personal healthcare monitoring. Most of the efforts have been focused in the acquisition of EKG for cardiovascular monitoring where textile electrodes have shown satisfactory performance. Electrical Bioimpedance is another type of physiological measurement that can be used for personal healthcare monitoring where the integration and the performance of the textile electrodes has not been investigated that thoroughly. In this work, the influence of the textile electrodes on the measurements and on the estimation of the Cole (R(0), R(infinity), f(C) and alpha) and body composition (TBW, ICW, ECW and FFM) parameters has been especially addressed. Complex Spectroscopy 4-electrode wrist-to-ankle electrical bioimpedance measurements taken with conventional Ag/AgCl and textile-electrodes on customized bracelets have been compared and analyzed in the frequency range 3 to 500 kHz. The obtained results suggest that the use of textile electrodes do not influence remarkably on the complex spectral measurements neither in the estimation of Cole nor body composition parameter. In any case any possible effect introduced by the use of textile is smaller than the effect of preparing the skin by the using abrasive conductive paste.
Phased array pulse Doppler tomography (2002)

A major problem in ultrasound Doppler has been the lack of quantitation of the complete vectorial velocity distribution in a cross-sectional plane. The authors derive general formulae for the magnitude of the velocity and its direction relative to a known coordinate system using velocity components measured from two beam directions. In order to improve the imaging quality, two methods combining more than two conventional color flow images appropriately are developed. One method is based on weighted averaging of vectorial velocity fields computed from pairs of color flow images. The other method employs the least squares approach, attempting to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Some results of imaging experiments with both artificial objects and clinical data are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Secular Trends in Time-of-Day of Energy Intake in a Chinese Cohort (2022)

Few studies have described the status and change of time-of-day of energy intake on a population level. This study aims to investigate the secular trend in time-of-day of energy intake using a Chinese cohort, and to examine demographic disparities in trends. A total of 20,976 adults with at least two waves of dietary data in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS 1991-2018) were included. A multilevel linear mixed model was applied to the energy proportions of breakfast, lunch and dinner. A multilevel Tobit regression model was applied to the energy proportion of morning snack, afternoon snack and evening snack. Time-demographic interaction terms were tested to examine demographic disparities in the trends. From 1991 to 2018, the marginal mean of the energy proportion of breakfast experienced first a falling and then a rising trend, and the marginal mean of energy proportions of lunch and dinner both presented first a rising and then a falling trend. The marginal means of all snacks took on a rising trend. Significant time-demographic interactions were observed for energy proportion of each eating occasion. On average, female, older and rural people tended to have a higher energy proportion at breakfast and lower energy proportion at lunch and dinner. Female, younger and urban people tended to have higher snack energy proportions. The time-of-day of energy intake has first shifted towards later in the day and then towards a balanced meal pattern in this Chinese cohort. Demographic disparities were observed in both the secular trend and the mean level of energy proportions of eating occasions. The health implications of such meal patterns warrant further investigation.
PIRD: P2P-Based Intelligent Resource Discovery in Internet-Based Distributed Systems (2008)

Internet-based distributed systems enable globally scattered resources to be collectively pooled and used in a cooperative manner to achieve unprecedented petascale super computing capabilities. Numerous resource discovery approaches have been proposed to help achieve this goal. To report or discover a multi-attribute resource, most approaches use multiple messages with each message for an attribute, leading to high overhead. Anther approach can reduce multi-attribute to one index, but it is not practically effective in an environment with a large number of different resource attributes. Furthermore, few approaches are able to locate resources geographically close to the requesters, which is critical to system performance. This paper presents a P2P-based intelligent resource discovery (PIRD) mechanism that weaves all attributes into a set of indices using locality sensitive hashing, and then maps the indices to a structured P2P. It further incorporates Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm to compress attribute information for higher efficiency. In addition, it helps to search resources geographically close to requesters by relying on a hierarchical P2P structure. PIRD significantly reduces overhead and improves the efficiency and effectiveness of resource discovery. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of PIRD in comparison with other approaches. It dramatically reduces overhead and yields significant improvements on the efficiency of resource discovery.
Aldehyde dehydrogenases in cancer stem cells: potential as therapeutic targets (2016)

Resistance to current chemotherapeutic or radiation-based cancer treatment strategies is a serious concern. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are typically able to evade treatment and establish a recurrent tumor or metastasis, and it is these that lead to the majority of cancer deaths. Therefore, a major current goal is to develop treatment strategies that eliminate the resistant CSCs as well as the bulk tumor cells in order to achieve complete disease clearance. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are important for maintenance and differentiation of stem cells as well as normal development. There is expanding evidence that ALDH expression increases in response to therapy and promotes chemoresistance and survival mechanisms in CSCs. This perspective will discuss a paper by Cojoc and colleagues recently published in Cancer Research, that indicates ALDHs play a key role in resistance to radiation therapy and tumor recurrence in prostate cancer. The authors suggest that ALDHs are a potential therapeutic target for treatment prostate cancer patients to limit radiation resistance and disease recurrence. The findings are consistent with work from other cancers showing ALDHs are major contributors of CSC signaling and resistance to anti-cancer treatments. This perspective will address representative work concerning the validity of ALDH and the associated retinoic acid signaling pathway as chemotherapeutic targets for prostate as well as other cancers.
Reconstruction effects in magnetic holography (1970)

Magnetic holography, a storage method based on the combination of techniques of magneto-optics and holography, is shown to have features which are unique to either of these techniques. In contrast to the usual situation in magneto-optics, reconstruction may be obtained with either the Faraday or polar Kerr effect, using polarized or unpolarized light. Furthermore the reconstruction will not be ellipticaly polarized if linearly polarized light is used for readout. In contrast to the usual case in holography, the first-order diffracted wave is polarized at 90° to both the incident and zeroth-order waves. This feature allows a considerable increase in the attainable signal-to-noise in the reconstruction. These and other features are described analytically and demonstrated experimentally.
Effect of deposition conditions and thermal annealing on the charge trapping properties of SiNx films (2010)

The density of charge trapping centers in SiNx:H films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is investigated as a function of film stoichiometry and postdeposition annealing treatments. In the as-deposited films, the defect density is observed to increase with an increasing N/Si ratio x in the range of 0.89–1.45, and to correlate with the N–H bond density. Following the annealing in the temperature range of 500–800 °C, the defect density increases for all N/Si ratios, with the largest increase observed in the most Si rich samples. However, the defect density always remains highest in the most N rich films. The better charge storage ability suggests the N rich films are more suitable for the creation of negatively charged nitride films on solar cells.
Corrosion Controlled with Carbon Dioxide Addition (1999)

This article discusses a situation at Brick Township, New Jersey, where the delivered water went from being in equilibrium with a thin calcium carbonate film, to being an aggressive water over a three‐year period from 1993 to 1996. This caused a reduction in the quality of the delivered water as demonstrated by noncompliance with the Lead and Copper Rule (LCR). Additionally, the water changed quality (unanticipated pH increases) in the distribution system and probably deteriorated the mortar linings of ductile‐iron mains. The addition of CO2 to the process tripled delivered water bicarbonate alkalinity concentrations and allowed a 50% increase in calcium hardness. These improvements reversed the corrosive characteristics of the delivered water, stabilized the water in the distribution system, and returned Brick Utilities to compliance with the LCR.
Designing Humanistic Critical Care Environments (2001)

The critical care environment can be designed to become more humanistic. Consideration of the environmental challenges of noise, lights, color, views, temperature, and comfort is essential. This article identifies the issues and concerns in the design of more humanistic healing in critical care units. Strategies to improve the environment include improving the physical and emotional tone of the unit through creative design, family and pet visitation, sleep promotion, and aromatherapy among others. In a life-threatening illness, attention paid to these concerns may significantly improve quality of life for patients and family.
Ultrasound of extravascular lung water: a new standard for pulmonary congestion (2016)

Extravascular lung water (EVLW) is a key variable in heart failure management and prognosis, but its objective assessment remains elusive. Lung imaging has been traditionally considered off-limits for ultrasound techniques due to the acoustic barrier of high-impedance air wall. In pulmonary congestion however, the presence of both air and water creates a peculiar echo fingerprint. Lung ultrasound shows B-lines, comet-like signals arising from a hyper-echoic pleural line with a to-and-fro movement synchronized with respiration. Increasing EVLW accumulation changes the normal, no-echo signal (black lung, no EVLW) into a black-and-white pattern (interstitial sub-pleural oedema with multiple B-lines) or a white lung pattern (alveolar pulmonary oedema) with coalescing B-lines. The number and spatial extent of B-lines on the antero-lateral chest allows a semi-quantitative estimation of EVLW (from absent, ≤5, to severe pulmonary oedema, >30 B-lines). Wet B-lines are made by water and decreased by diuretics, which cannot modify dry B-lines made by connective tissue. B-lines can be evaluated anywhere (including extreme environmental conditions with pocket size instruments to detect high-altitude pulmonary oedema), anytime (during dialysis to titrate intervention), by anyone (even a novice sonographer after 1 h training), and on anybody (since the chest acoustic window usually remains patent when echocardiography is not feasible). Cardiologists can achieve much diagnostic gain with little investment of technology, training, and time. B-lines represent ‘<it>the shape of lung water</it>’. They allow non-invasive detection, in real time, of even sub-clinical forms of pulmonary oedema with a low cost, radiation-free approach.
评《弗里德曼:经济学的理论与实践》 (1992)

本书的优点在于它集中探讨米尔顿·弗里德曼的研究战略(用作者的话说是“研究过程”),而不是探讨如何评价理论这样较狭隘的问题。弗里德曼在其受欢迎的也引起争议、造成混乱的论文《实证经济学方法论》(1953年)中,主要论述“如何决定一种假说或理论是否能够被试验性地接受”,他仅用两个段落讨论研究战略问题,很容易被忽略。赫希和马奇从弗里德曼早期关于专业收入、风险、兰格、马歇尔和克赖斯特的著作中,勾画出弗里德曼在其学术生涯中一直提倡并实践着的研究方法的清晰轮廓;从完全排列整齐的事实开始,构造一种假说予以解释,运用假说对构造假说时未曾使用的事实进行预测,把预测与实际情况进行对比,根据试验结果对假说进行修正,循环进行。我认为,如果人们注意到弗里德曼
Ultra-low dark current InGaAs technology for focal plane arrays for low-light level visible-shortwave infrared imaging (2007)

Under the DARPA Photon Counting Arrays (PCAR) program we have investigated technologies to reduce the overall noise level in InGaAs based imagers for identifying a man at 100m under low-light level imaging conditions. We report the results of our experiments comprising of 15 InGaAs wafers that were utilized to investigate lowering dark current in photodiode arrays. As a result of these experiments, we have achieved an ultra low dark current of 2nA/cm<sup>2</sup> through technological advances in InGaAs detector design, epitaxial growth, and processing at a temperature of +12.3°C. The InGaAs photodiode array was hybridized to a low noise readout integrated circuit, also developed under this program. The focal plane array (FPA) achieves very high sensitivity in the shortwave infrared bands in addition to the visible response added via substrate removal process post hybridization. Based on our current room-temperature stabilized SWIR camera platform, these imagers enable a full day-night imaging capability and are responsive to currently fielded covert laser designators, illuminators, and rangefinders. In addition, improved haze penetration in the SWIR compared to the visible provides enhanced clarity in the imagery of a scene. In this paper we show the results of our dark current studies as well as FPA characterization of the camera built under this program.
Safe, Secure Executions at the Network Edge: Coordinating Cloud, Edge, and Fog Computing (2017)

System design where cyber-physical applications are securely coordinated from the cloud may simplify the development process. However, all private data are then pushed to these remote “swamps,” and human users lose actual control as compared to when the applications are executed directly on their devices. At the same time, computing at the network edge is still lacking support for such straightforward multidevice development, which is essential for a wide range of dynamic cyber-physical services. This article proposes a novel programming model as well as contributes the associated secure-connectivity framework for leveraging safe coordinated device proximity as an additional degree of freedom between the remote cloud and the safety-critical network edge, especially under uncertain environment constraints. This article is part of a special issue on Software Safety and Security Risk Mitigation in Cyber-physical Systems.
Output Levelling of Renewable Energy by Electric Double-Layer Capacitor Applied for Energy Storage System (2006)

Utilization of renewable energy are coming up from view points of environmental conservation and depletion of fossil fuel. However, the generated power from renewable energies is always fluctuating due to environmental status. Energy storage system is indispensable to compensate these fluctuating components. Energy capacitor system (ECaSS) connected an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) with power-electronics devices is useful for the compensation of fluctuating power since one is capable of controlling both active and reactive power simultaneously. This paper proposes the current-source ECaSS (CS-ECS), which consists of EDLC, bi-directional DC-DC converter, and current-source inverter. We have presented the control system for the active/reactive power control of CS-ECS, and have shown the effectiveness of CS-ECS through computer simulations for case of wind power generation system.
Efficient and Scalable Enantioselective Synthesis of a CGRP Antagonist (2012)

An enantioselective synthesis of the CGRP antagonist BMS-846372, amenable to large scale preparation, is presented. This new synthesis showcases a chemo- and enantioselective reduction of a cyclohepta[b]pyridine-5,9-dione as well as a Pd-catalyzed alpha-arylation reaction to form the key carbon-carbon bond and set the absolute and relative stereochemistry.
Magnetic Field Control for Haptic Display: System Design and Simulation (2016)

We present magnetic rendering, a new haptic display method applying an electromagnet array to produce magnetic field in mid-air where the force field can be felt as magnetic repulsive force exerted on the hand through the attached magnet disks. The magnetic field is generated by a specifically designed electromagnet array driven by direct current. By attaching small magnet disks on the hand, the tactile sensation can be perceived by the user. This method can provide a strong tactile force and avoid cumbersome attachments with wires, and thus, it is suitable for a colocated visual and haptic display. In this paper, we introduce the detailed design of the electromagnet array for haptic rendering purposes, which is modeled and tested using finite-element method simulations. We characterize the model mathematically, and apply recursive least squares adaptive control algorithm for controlling the magnetic field. We evaluate the performance of our simulated model in terms of force strength, operation distance, and force stiffness. We then implement and test the control algorithm, which results in fast and accurate convergence. We conclude with simulations on a 15-by-15 model to generate a haptic human face, which results in a smooth force field and accurate force exertion on the control points.
Broad beam three‐dimensional irradiation for proton radiotherapy (1983)

A three-dimensional irradiation system using scatterers for lateral spreading is proposed. This system, which is applicable to proton beams, is easily achieved by ordinary techniques using a movable multileaf collimator, a variable thickness water column, and a computer for their control. Target volumes of convex shape can be irradiated in a three-dimensional way by this method.
Negotiating living with an arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. (2010)

The purpose of this study was to examine how clients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis negotiate living with an arteriovenous fistula. A fistula is the preferred access for hemodialysis, and clients must continually monitor and protect their fistula. In this qualitative, ethnographic study, data were collected during fieldwork and semistructured interviews. Constructivism and a cultural negotiation model provided frameworks for the study. Fourteen clients were interviewed; interviews lasted 1.5 to 4 hours. Results revealed new insights into informants'perspectives and experiences with a vascular access. The overarching theme was vulnerability, and underlying themes were body awareness, dependency, mistrust, and stigma. The response to vulnerability was to be continually vigilant and assertive to protect the holistic self Stigma of the vascular access was an important issue for informants and evoked the greatest emotional responses.
Mapping of long-range associations throughout the fission yeast genome reveals global genome organization linked to transcriptional regulation (2010)

We have comprehensively mapped long-range associations between chromosomal regions throughout the fission yeast genome using the latest genomics approach that combines next generation sequencing and chromosome conformation capture (3C). Our relatively simple approach, referred to as enrichment of ligation products (ELP), involves digestion of the 3C sample with a 4 bp cutter and self-ligation, achieving a resolution of 20 kb. It recaptures previously characterized genome organizations and also identifies new and important interactions. We have modeled the 3D structure of the entire fission yeast genome and have explored the functional relationships between the global genome organization and transcriptional regulation. We find significant associations among highly transcribed genes. Moreover, we demonstrate that genes co-regulated during the cell cycle tend to associate with one another when activated. Remarkably, functionally defined genes derived from particular gene ontology groups tend to associate in a statistically significant manner. Those significantly associating genes frequently contain the same DNA motifs at their promoter regions, suggesting that potential transcription factors binding to these motifs are involved in defining the associations among those genes. Our study suggests the presence of a global genome organization in fission yeast that is functionally similar to the recently proposed mammalian transcription factory.
Interpolation of cinematic sequences (2003)

Presents a new algorithm for interframe interpolation of cinematic sequences. The authors demonstrate its applicability to video data compression of pedestrian traffic and data compression for video conferencing. In both of these applications it is assumed that the background is nearly stationary and that there are no interobject occlusions. The interpolation algorithm makes use of estimates of optical flow to compensate for the motion of objects between two frames. We describe three major problems associated with motion compensated cinematic interpolation: interframe occlusion, interframe zooming and figure-ground ambiguity. Our algorithm suppresses artifacts caused by all three of these problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Infections in solid-organ transplant recipients (1997)

Solid-organ transplantation is a therapeutic option for many human diseases. Infections are a major complication of solid-organ transplantation. All candidates should undergo a thorough infectious-disease screening prior to transplantation. There are three time frames, influenced by surgical factors, the level of immunosuppression, and environmental exposures, during which infections of specific types most frequently occur posttransplantation. Most infections during the first month are related to surgical complications. Opportunistic infections typically occur from the second to the sixth month. During the late posttransplant period (beyond 6 months), transplantation recipients suffer from the same infections seen in the general community. Opportunistic bacterial infections seen in transplant recipients include those caused by Legionella spp., Nocardia spp., Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes. Cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of viral infections. Herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus and others are also significant pathogens. Fungal infections, caused by both yeasts and mycelial fungi, are associated with the highest mortality rates. Mycobacterial, pneumocystis, and parasitic diseases may also occur.