gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Demand Response Using Device Based Reinforcement Learning (2014)

Demand response (DR) for residential and small commercial buildings is estimated to account for as much as 65% of the total energy savings potential of DR, and previous work shows that a fully automated Energy Management System (EMS) is a necessary prerequisite to DR in these areas. In this paper, we propose a novel EMS formulation for DR problems in these sectors. Specifically, we formulate a fully automated EMS's rescheduling problem as a reinforcement learning (RL) problem, and argue that this RL problem can be approximately solved by decomposing it over device clusters. Compared with existing formulations, our new formulation (1) does not require explicitly modeling the user's dissatisfaction on job rescheduling, (2) enables the EMS to self-initiate jobs, (3) allows the user to initiate more flexible requests and (4) has a computational complexity linear in the number of devices. We also demonstrate the simulation results of applying Q-learning, one of the most popular and classical RL algorithms, to a representative example.
Free radical scavengers in mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure in the rat. (1985)

Oxygen free radicals have recently been found to mediate cell injury after ischemia in the kidney. We sought to determine whether oxygen free radicals mediate damage in mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced acute renal failure, a toxic model of acute renal failure. Neither superoxide dismutase nor allopurinol, which scavenges or inhibits production of superoxide radical, respectively, provided protection against renal dysfunction after HgCl2. Similarly, the hydroxyl radical scavengers tryptophan, N-acetyl-tryptophan, and ascorbic acid were unable to protect against HgCl2. However, dimethylthiourea and dimethyl sulfoxide, both hydroxyl radical scavengers, were beneficial. Dimethylthiourea completely prevented the rise in plasma creatinine concentration after HgCL2. In control rats plasma creatinine concentration rose from 0.4 mg/dl to 3.2 +/- 0.8, 5.1 +/- 1.0, and 6.1 +/- 1.6 mg/dl at 24, 48, and 72 hours after HgCl2. Dimethylthiourea-treated rats had plasma creatinine concentration less than 0.5 mg/dl at all times. Furthermore, a mixture of HgCl2 and equimolar amounts of dimethylthiourea was less toxic than HgCl2 alone. Dimethyl sulfoxide attenuated the HgCl2-induced rise in creatinine concentration: 1.3 +/- 0.2, 3.2 +/- 0.3, and 3.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl at 24, 48, and 72 hours after HgCl2. Measurement of kidney malondialdehyde content after HgCl2 provided no evidence for oxygen free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. We conclude that there is no convincing role for oxygen free radicals in the pathogenesis of HgCl2-induced acute renal failure. The ability of dimethylthiourea and dimethyl sulfoxide to protect against HgCl2-induced renal dysfunction may be related to their ability to form complexes with Hg2+.
Abstract 5644: Second cancer risks among lymphoma survivors in the SEER-Medicare linked dataset (2010)

Abstract Background. Second cancers are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. Previous studies have shown increased second cancer risks after non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); however, no earlier investigation has quantified differences in second cancer risk by lymphoma subtype, and little is known about the second cancer etiologies. Methods. We evaluated second cancer risks compared with the general population among 62,841 two-month survivors of the most common lymphoma subtypes [CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)] diagnosed in 13 SEER registry areas during 1992-2006. To investigate specific risk factors for second cancers following lymphoma, we then identified 51,909 patients in the SEER-Medicare linked dataset who were diagnosed with lymphoma at age 66 years or older during 1992-2005. Risk factor data were obtained from Medicare claims for treatment and medical conditions. Patients with second primary invasive cancers were ascertained in the corresponding SEER registry files. Risk factors were modeled using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression for each lymphoma subtype, adjusting for potential confounders. Results. Lung cancer was the most common second malignancy and occurred in excess compared with the general population for survivors of CLL/SLL and FL but not for survivors of DLBCL [CLL/SLL: standardized incidence ratio (SIR)=1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-1.68; FL: SIR=1.34, 95%CI 1.15-1.55; DLBCL: SIR= 1.03, 95%CI 0.89-1.19)]. A similar pattern was observed for cutaneous melanoma (CLL/SLL: SIR=2.08, 95%CI 1.73-2.48; FL: SIR=1.47, 95%CI 1.09-1.94; DLBCL: SIR=1.16, 95%CI 0.85-1.54). Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia risks were significantly elevated after all three major lymphoma subtypes, with higher risks for FL and DLBCL than for CLL/SLL (CLL/SLL: SIR=1.58, 95%CI 1.03-2.32; FL: SIR=5.32, 95%CI 3.85-7.17; DLBCL: SIR=4.63, 95%CI 3.43-6.12). In the SEER-Medicare linked dataset, 5,002 patients with a second primary invasive cancer after lymphoma were identified, including 744 patients with lung cancer, 198 with melanoma, and 88 with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Results will be presented for second cancer risk factors of interest obtained from the Medicare database, including radiotherapy, specific chemotherapeutic agents, history of emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and specific infections (e.g., bronchitis, pneumonia, influenza). Discussion. Identification of risk factors for second cancers after lymphoma will provide valuable information for lymphoma survivors and their physicians as well as advancing our understanding of carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5644.
Continuous and Scalable Fabrication of Transparent Conducting Carbon Nanotube Films (2009)

We report an industrially scalable, fast, and simple process for the large scale fabrication of optically transparent and electrically conducting thin films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Purified, pristine HiPco SWNTs were dispersed in water at high concentrations with the help of surfactants, rod-coated into uniform thin films, and doped by various acids. We show how to combine different surfactants to make uniform dispersions with high concentration of SWNTs and optimal rheological behavior for coating and drying, including preventing dewetting and film rupture that has plagued earlier attempts. Doping by fuming sulfuric acid yielded the films with best performance (sheet resistance of 100 and 300 Omega/sq for respective transparency of 70% and 90%). We use a figure of merit (FOM) plot for an immediate evaluation and comparison of the performance and microstructure of CNT films produced by different methods. Further scientific engineering will pave the way to the deployment of CNT films in commercial applications.
26—THE GEOMETRY AND DIMENSIONAL PROPERTIES OF PLAIN-KNIT FABRICS (1959)

The difficulties encountered in attempting to obtain relationships between the dimensions of knitted fabrics, the properties of the constituent yarns and the variable factors in knitting are discussed. It is suggested that the natural shape of the knitted loop is determined by minimum energy conditions, that the loop tends to this state on relaxation and that this shape is independent of the properties of the yarn or length of stitch. It is shown that, with these assumptions, the dimensional and weight properties of the knitted fabric in a relaxed state are determined uniquely by the length of yarn in the stitch. The relationships derived geometrically are confirmed experimentally by measurements after dry and wet relaxation on wool and cotton fabrics.
Neutrophils from vasculitis patients exhibit an increased propensity for activation by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (2014)

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are thought to be pathogenic in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) by stimulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) to degranulate and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to investigate if PMNs from AAV patients are stimulated more readily by ANCA compared with PMNs from healthy controls (HCs). Differences in ANCA characteristics that can account for different stimulation potential were also studied. PMNs from five AAV patients and five HCs were stimulated with 10 different immunoglobulins (Ig)Gs, purified from PR3-ANCA-positive patients, and ROS production, degranulation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation was measured. ANCA levels, affinity and clinical data of the AAV donors were recorded. The results show that PMNs from AAV patients produce more intracellular ROS (P = 0·019), but degranulate to a similar extent as PMNs from HCs. ROS production correlated with NET formation. Factors that may influence the ability of ANCA to activate PMNs include affinity and specificity for N-terminal epitopes. In conclusion, our results indicate that PMNs from AAV patients in remission behave quite similarly to HC PMNs, with the exception of a greater intracellular ROS production. This could contribute to more extensive NET formation and thus an increased exposure of the ANCA autoantigens to the immune system.
Ring‐opening oligomerization reactions using aluminium complexes of schiff's bases as initiators (1993)

Abstract Bifunctional telechelics with defined structure can be prepared by oligomerization of oxiranes, β‐butyrolactone and L‐lactide using aluminium Schiff's base complexes as initiators. Chiral initiator (SALCENAlCl) shows a stereoelective character leading to preferential oligomerization of one enantiomer from a racemic monomer mixture. The reaction with β‐butyrolactone proceeds through O‐alkyl cleavage. Alkoxy Schiff's bases aluminium complexes are used for oligomerization of L‐lactide. All the prepared oligomers were fully characterized by IR, elemental analysis, 1 H and 13 C NMR and GPC.
Robust Symbol Detection in Large-Scale Overloaded NOMA Systems (2021)

We a framework for the design of low-complexity and high-performance receivers for multidimensional overloaded non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems. The framework is built upon a novel compressed sensing (CS) regularized maximum likelihood (ML) formulation of the discrete-input detection problem, in which the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -norm is introduced to enforce adherence of the solution to the prescribed discrete symbol constellation. Unlike much of preceding literature,.g., (Assaf et al., 2020, Yeom et al., 2019, Nagahara, 2015, Naderpour and Bizaki, 2020, Hayakawa and Hayashi, 2017, Hayakawa and Hayashi, 2018, and Zeng et al., 2020), the method is not relaxed into the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm, but rather approximated with a continuous and asymptotically exact expression without resorting to parallel interference cancellation (PIC). The objective function of the resulting formulation is thus a sum of concave-over-convex ratios, which is then tightly convexified via the quadratic transform (QT), such that its solution can be obtained via the iteration of a simple closed-form expression that closely resembles that of the classic zero-forcing (ZF) receiver, making the method particularly suitable to large-scale set-ups. By further transforming the aforementioned problem into a quadratically constrained quadratic program with one convex constraint (QCQP-1), the optimal regularization parameter to be used at each step of the iterative algorithm is then shown to be the largest generalized eigenvalue of a pair of matrices which are given in closed-form. The method so obtained, referred to as the Iterative Discrete Least Square (IDLS), is then extended to address several factors of practical relevance, such as noisy conditions, imperfect channel state information (CSI), and hardware impairments, thus yielding the Robust IDLS algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed art significantly outperforms both classic receivers, such as the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE), and recent CS-based state-of-the-art (SotA) alternatives, such as the sum-of-absolute-values (SOAV) and the sum of complex sparse regularizers (SCSR) detectors. It is also shown via simulations that the technique can be integrated with existing iterative detection-and-decoding (IDD) methods, resulting in accelerated convergence.
Optimal management of perimenopausal depression (2010)

Only recently has the perimenopause become recognized as a time when women are at risk for new onset and recurrence of major depression. Untreated depression at this time not only exacerbates the course of a depressive illness, but also puts women at increased risk for sleep disorders, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Although antidepressant medication is the mainstay of treatment, adjunctive therapy, especially with estrogen replacement, may be indicated in refractory cases, and may speed the onset of antidepressant action. Many, but not all, studies, report that progesterone antagonizes the beneficial effects of estrogen. Although some antidepressants improve vasomotor symptoms, in general they are not as effective as estrogen alone for relieving these symptoms. Estrogen alone, however, does not generally result in remission of major depression in most (but not all) studies, but may provide benefit to some women with less severe symptoms if administered in therapeutic ranges. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in addition to estrogen are usually more beneficial in improving mood than SSRIs or estrogen treatment alone for major depression, whereas the selective norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors do not require the addition of estrogen to exert their antidepressant effects in menopausal depression. In addition to attention to general health, hormonal status, and antidepressant treatment, the optimal management of perimenopausal depression also requires attention to the individual woman's psychosocial and spiritual well being.
Using Multi-physics System Simulation to Predict Battery Pack Thermal Performance and Risk of Thermal Runaway During eVTOL Aircraft Operations (2019)

Negative effects of greenhouse gas emissions from internal combustion engines has motivated a global trend towards electrification of transportation powertrains. Additionally, electrification of vehicle prime movers has enabled novel powertrain configurations such as electric distributed propulsion. Electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft are a novel transportation mode developed at a confluence of emerging technologies including electric powertrains. eVTOLs are poised to institute a major change to urban mobility by increasing the speed and efficiency of urban travel. To facilitate safe and reliable operations, eVTOL battery packs must reliably provide adequate electrical power for mission requirements while sustaining pack health and cycle life over the course of hundreds of missions. These packs are under considerable thermal stress during flight, and must be designed to meet the challenges caused by these thermal stresses, including keeping individual battery cells below temperature limits. Using system simulation can be instrumental in providing optimal design of battery pack layouts and thermal management strategies. A multi-physics system simulation model has been constructed to predict the electrical-thermal-fluid performance of the A3 Vahana eVTOL battery pack with comparison to test data derived from a notional eVTOL mission profile. The model predicts outputs including individual cell currents, cell temperatures, cell voltage, environmental temperatures, and impact of different thermal management strategies on eVTOL battery pack design. The thermal profile predicted during flight is then passed to a predictive model for battery life using GT-SUITE simulation software. The model is then configured to simulate a thermal runaway event, where one cell is heated to the point of runaway, and response of the pack is predicted under different cooling strategies.
Modelling volumes bounded by b-spline surfaces (1984)

A dichotomy between modelling systems using surface techniques, and those using constructive solid geometry has existed since these two distinct approaches emerged. To gain the shape representational power of sculptured surfaces, such as B-splines, it has been necessary to give up the facility to combine objects via set operations. Conversely, systems that build complex assemblies from combinations of simpler volume elements have been restricted to a small class of primitives. By using a more complex but uniform boundary representation, this work makes it possible to unify these two approaches to design with a single method. The primitives are solids bounded by B-spline surfaces. Furthermore, systems providing set operation require that the objects being combined have closed boundaries. The B-spline boundaries of this method need not be closed, but must only satisfy a weak completion criterion.
A Subset of Circulating Blood Mycobacteria-Specific CD4 T Cells Can Predict the Time to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sputum Culture Conversion (2014)

We investigated 18 HIV-negative patients with MDR-TB for M. tuberculosis (Mtb)- and PPD-specific CD4 T cell responses and followed them over 6 months of drug therapy. Twelve of these patients were sputum culture (SC) positive and six patients were SC negative upon enrollment. Our aim was to identify a subset of mycobacteria-specific CD4 T cells that would predict time to culture conversion. The total frequency of mycobacteria-specific CD4 T cells at baseline could not distinguish patients showing positive or negative SC. However, a greater proportion of late-differentiated (LD) Mtb- and PPD-specific memory CD4 T cells was found in SC positive patients than in those who were SC negative (p = 0.004 and p = 0.0012, respectively). Similarly, a higher co-expression of HLA-DR+ Ki67+ on Mtb- and PPD-specific CD4 T cells could also discriminate between sputum SC positive versus SC negative (p = 0.004 and p = 0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that baseline levels of Ki67+ HLA-DR+ Mtb- and PPD-specific CD4 T cells were predictive of the time to sputum culture conversion, with area-under-the-curve of 0.8 (p = 0.027). Upon treatment, there was a significant decline of these Ki67+ HLA-DR+ T cell populations in the first 2 months, with a progressive increase in mycobacteria-specific polyfunctional IFNγ+ IL2+ TNFα+ CD4 T cells over 6 months. Thus, a subset of activated and proliferating mycobacterial-specific CD4 T cells (Ki67+ HLA-DR+) may provide a valuable marker in peripheral blood that predicts time to sputum culture conversion in TB patients at the start of treatment.
Plant Cell-Based Intimin Vaccine Given Orally to Mice Primed with Intimin Reduces Time of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 Shedding in Feces (2003)

Intimin is the primary adhesin of Escherichia coli O157:H7, the most common infectious cause of bloody diarrhea in the United States and the leading cause of acute kidney failure in children who develop hemolytic uremic syndrome. Cattle are the primary reservoir of E. coli O157:H7. Indeed, most cases of E. coli O157:H7 infection in the United States occur after ingestion of contaminated undercooked hamburger or produce that had contact with bovine manure. Because intimin is required for persistent colonization of neonatal calves and adult cattle, we hypothesized that an intimin-based vaccination strategy in calves would reduce colonization of cattle with E. coli O157:H7. To test this concept in a small-animal model, we developed transgenic tobacco plant cells that express the carboxy-terminal host cell-binding domain of E. coli O157:H7 intimin. Mice were either immunized intraperitoneally with intimin expressed from the plant cells, fed transgenic plant cells, or both. Here we show that these mice generated an intimin-specific mucosal immune response when primed parenterally and then boosted orally and also exhibited a reduced duration of E. coli O157:H7 fecal shedding after challenge.
Compressive image fusion (2008)

Compressive sensing (CS) has received a lot of interest due to its compression capability and lack of complexity on the sensor side. In this paper, we present a study of three sampling patterns and investigate their performance on CS reconstruction. We then propose a new image fusion algorithm in the compressive domain by using an improved sampling pattern. There are few studies regarding the applicability of CS to image fusion. The main purpose of this work is to explore the properties of compressive measurements through different sampling patterns and their potential use in image fusion. The study demonstrates that CS-based image fusion has a number of perceived advantages in comparison with image fusion in the multiresolution (MR) domain. The simulations show that the proposed CS-based image fusion algorithm provides promising results.
Logic Circuits for a Transistor Digital Computer (1956)

The reliability and performance which can be achieved in high-speed switching circuits using presently available high-frequency junction transistors suggests the use of transistor circuits in preference to more conventional circuits for many applications. The area of airborne digital computers is one in which the physical characteristics of the transistor as well as of associated low dissipation components can be most favorably exploited. We have presented here a group of circuits which fulfill the requirements of speed, low dissipation, size, and weight for most such applications. The circuits shown will operate over the range -30°C to +60°C, and actually have been operated over the range -50°C to +90°C. Low dissipation of the circuits places minimum requirements on power supplies, and temperature control may be achieved with only a small amount of cooling. An estimate can be obtained from an example. For a large-scale computer, say 2000 transistors, 800 of which are in bistable circuits, total dissipation will be less than 140 watts.
Genetic complementation in apicomplexan parasites (2002)

A robust forward genetic model for Apicomplexa could greatly enhance functional analysis of genes in these important protozoan pathogens. We have developed and successfully tested a genetic complementation strategy based on genomic insertion in Toxoplasma gondii. Adapting recombination cloning to genomic DNA, we show that complementing sequences can be shuttled between parasite genome and bacterial plasmid, providing an efficient tool for the recovery and functional assessment of candidate genes. We show complementation, gene cloning, and biological verification with a mutant parasite lacking hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and a T. gondii cDNA library. We also explored the utility of this approach to clone genes based on function from other apicomplexan parasites using Toxoplasma as a surrogate. A heterologous library containing Cryptosporidium parvum genomic DNA was generated, and we identified a C. parvum gene coding for inosine 5-monophosphate-dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a clear eubacterial origin of this gene and strongly suggests its lateral transfer from epsilon-proteobacteria. The prokaryotic origin of this enzyme might make it a promising target for therapeutics directed against Cryptosporidium.