gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetic analysis by stopped-flow radiationless energy transfer studies: effect of anions on the activity of carboxypeptidase A (1986)

We have utilized a highly sensitive radiationless energy transfer (RET) assay to investigate the effect of anions on the activity of carboxypeptidase A (CPD-A). The RET kinetic method visualizes the ES complex directly and thus enables both the mode of action of anions and the quantitation of their effect to be determined at a single substrate concentration. In marked contrast to the activating effect of anions on the closely related metalloprotease, angiotensin converting enzyme, Cl-, and other anions inhibit CPD-A catalysis. NaCl inhibits the hydrolysis of Dns-Ala-Ala-Phe throughout the pH range 6-10. Other di- and tripeptides are similarly inhibited while their ester analogues are affected only slightly. Changes in the type of cation [e.g., Na+, Li+, K+, Ca2+, and (CH3)4N+] at a constant [Cl-1] of 0.1 M showed no difference in the extent of inhibition, whereas with anion substitution the differences were marked. In all cases, the inhibition was partially competitive. At pH 5.9, the Ki values for the free enzyme are 51 (Cl-), 17 (N3-), 2.1 (SO4(2-)), and 0.21 mM (H2PO4-), and for the ES complex, the KI' values are 1000, 720, 42, and 13 mM, respectively. The other anions were shown to act at the chloride site. The results indicate that investigations of anion inhibition in 1 M NaCl, a typical assay condition, may be greatly hindered by the presence of Cl-. Thus, the competitive binding mode of phenylacetate toward peptide hydrolysis is greatly decreased by the presence of 1 M Cl- ion while its noncompetitive component is unaffected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characteristic autofluorescence for cancer diagnosis and its origin (1987)

The autofluorescence spectra of human tissues excited with the 365-nm line of pulsed xenon ion laser have been measured. The autofluorescence spectra of cancer tissues usually show characteristic peaks near 630 nm and 690 nm, which do not appear in the spectra of the corresponding normal tissues. This characteristic fluorescence can be taken as a criterion for cancer diagnosis; a consistency of 89% with the traditional biopsy method has been obtained in preliminary clinical application to the diagnosis of buccal carcinoma. Spectroscopic investigations suggest that the porphyrin compounds localized and retained in cancer tissues might be responsible for this characteristic autofluorescence.
LYSP100-associated nuclear domains (LANDs): description of a new class of subnuclear structures and their relationship to PML nuclear bodies (1996)

The PML gene is fused to the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) gene in t(15;17) acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), creating a PML-RAR alpha fusion oncoprotein. The PML gene product has been localized to subnuclear dot-like structures variously termed PODs, ND10s, Kr bodies, or PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs). The present study describes the cloning of a lymphoid-restricted gene, LYSP100, that is homologous to another protein that localizes to PML NBs, SP100. In addition to SP100 homology regions, one LYSP100 cDNA isoform contains a bromodomain and a PHD/TTC domain, which are present in a variety of transcriptional regulatory proteins. By immunofluorescence, LYSP100 was localized to nuclear dots that were surprisingly largely nonoverlapping with PML NBs. However, a minority of LYSP100 nuclear dots exactly colocalized with PML and SP100. We term the LYSP100 structures "LANDs," for LYSP100-associated nuclear domains. Although LYSP100 is expressed only in lymphoid cells, LANDs could be visualized in HeLa cells by transfection of a LYSP100 cDNA. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed LANDs to be globular, electron-dense structures morphologically distinct from the annular structures characteristic of PML NBs. LANDs were most often found in the nucleoplasm, but were also found at the nuclear membrane and in the cytoplasm, suggesting that these structures may traffic between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. By double-immunogold labeling of PML and LYSP100, some LANDs were shown to contain both PML and LYSP100. Thus, PML is localized to a second subnuclear domain that is morphologically and biochemically distinct from PML NBs.
MgGa2O4 spinel barrier for magnetic tunnel junctions: Coherent tunneling and low barrier height (2017)

Epitaxial Fe/magnesium gallium spinel oxide (MgGa2O4)/Fe(001) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. A tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio up to 121% at room temperature (196% at 4 K) was observed, suggesting a TMR enhancement by the coherent tunneling effect in the MgGa2O4 barrier. The MgGa2O4 layer had a spinel structure and it showed good lattice matching with the Fe layers owing to slight tetragonal lattice distortion of MgGa2O4. Barrier thickness dependence of the tunneling resistance and current-voltage characteristics revealed that the height of the MgGa2O4 barrier is much lower than that of an MgAl2O4 barrier. This study demonstrates the potential of Ga-based spinel oxides for MTJ barriers having a large TMR ratio at a low resistance area product.
Immunologic characterization of the photoreceptor outer segment cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. (1984)

High affinity (KD approximately 1 X 10(-9) M) monoclonal antibodies (ROS-1 and ROS-2) were prepared to bovine photoreceptor outer segment cGMP phosphodiesterase. ROS-1 immunoadsorbed greater than 95% of the cGMP phosphodiesterase activity from a detergent-solubilized bovine retina extract while ROS-2 immunoadsorbed only a subfraction of the same activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel analysis of these immunoadsorbates demonstrated that ROS-1 and ROS-2 specifically adsorbed only peptides that comigrated with purified rod outer segment phosphodiesterase. Limited trypsin digestion of purified rod outer segment phosphodiesterase greatly reduced its affinity for ROS-1 but not ROS-2. When a crude heat-stable inhibitor fraction was added back to the activated enzyme, the affinity for ROS-1 was restored, suggesting that the inhibitor was necessary for ROS-1 binding. ROS-1 but not ROS-2 was found to inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase which had been activated either by dilution or guanyl nucleotide. The inhibitory property of ROS-1 may provide a useful probe for directly studying the effects of this phosphodiesterase on the phototransduction response in the retina. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel analysis demonstrated that the ROS-1 immunoadsorbates from mammals, fish, and amphibia contained peptides of similar mobility. Immunocytochemistry performed with ROS-1 and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse IgG localized the antigenic determinant to both rod and cone outer segments suggesting the presence of an antigenically similar phosphodiesterase in both types of photoreceptors.
Bistability behavior of texture in cholesteric liquid crystals in an electric field (1974)

With the homeotropic boundary condition, the field-induced cholesteric-to-nematic texture transition can show a large hysteresis effect such that at the same field strength either the cholesteric or the nematic texture is stable.
Methodology for the Design of Compliant Mechanisms Employing Type Synthesis Techniques With Example (1994)

Abstract Type synthesis of rigid-link mechanisms provides a means to determine mechanism topologies before considering link dimensions. The formulation of design procedures for rigid-body mechanisms has benefited from the application of type synthesis techniques. Therefore, type synthesis is seen as a useful tool in the development of design procedures for compliant mechanisms as well. The focus of this paper is to propose and exemplify a design procedure for compliant mechanisms that employs the type synthesis techniques developed for compliant mechanisms.
ATF-7, a Novel bZIP Protein, Interacts with the PRL-1 Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase (2001)

We have identified a novel basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein, designated ATF-7, that physically interacts with the PRL-1 protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase). PRL-1 is a predominantly nuclear, farnesylated PTPase that has been linked to the control of cellular growth and differentiation. This interaction was initially found using the yeast two-hybrid system. ATF-7 is most closely related to members of the ATF/CREB family of bZIP proteins, with highest homology to ATF-4. ATF-7 homodimers can bind specifically to CRE elements. ATF-7 is expressed in a number of different tissues and is expressed in association with differentiation in the Caco-2 cell model of intestinal differentiation. We have confirmed the PRL-1.ATF-7 interaction and mapped the regions of ATF-7 and PRL-1 important for interaction to ATF-7's bZIP region and PRL-1's phosphatase domain. Finally, we have determined that PRL-1 is able to dephosphorylate ATF-7 in vitro. Further insight into ATF-7's precise cellular roles, transcriptional function, and downstream targets are likely be of importance in understanding the mechanisms underlying the complex processes of maintenance, differentiation, and turnover of epithelial tissues.
Genetic and pharmacological disruption of neurokinin 1 receptor function decreases anxiety-related behaviors and increases serotonergic function (2001)

Alterations in serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT), norepinephrine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid have been linked to the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression, and medications that modulate these neurotransmitters are widely used to treat mood disorders. Recently, the neuropeptide substance P (SP) and its receptor, the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), have been proposed as possible targets for new antidepressant and anxiolytic therapies. However, animal and human studies have so far failed to provide a clear consensus on the role of SP in the modulation of emotional states. Here we show that both genetic disruption and acute pharmacological blockade of the NK1R in mice result in a marked reduction of anxiety and stress-related responses. These behavioral changes are paralleled by an increase in the firing rate of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, a major source of serotonergic input to the forebrain. NK1R disruption also results in a selective desensitization of 5-HT1A inhibitory autoreceptors, which resembles the effect of sustained antidepressant treatment. Together these results indicate that the SP system powerfully modulates anxiety and suggest that this effect is at least in part mediated by changes in the 5-HT system.
Anticataractogenic Property of γ-Glutamylcysteine Ethyl Ester in an Animal Model of Cataract (1991)

The anticataractogenic potential of gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester was investigated in model cataracts induced by L-buthionine sulfoximine. Subcutaneous injection of the ester (0.625-2.5 mmol/kg) effectively inhibited cataractogenesis in suckling mice. Treatment of mice with L-buthionine sulfoximine alone resulted in a marked reduction of the glutathione content in the eyes. This deprivation of glutathione was mitigated, to a significant degree, by coadministering gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester. In an experiment with rat lens in culture, gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester was found to elevate the lenticular level of glutathione. These results indicate that gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester is able to permeate across biomembranes and serves as an excellent precursor for glutathione biosynthesis, thereby exerting its anticataractogenic activity.
Methodology for using oral dose pharmacokinetic data to select drugs for prolonged release formulations and validation of the method using simulated data (1995)

A computer aided method for selecting drugs as potential candidates for oral prolonged release formulations has been previously published. In order to decide whether trial formulations were warranted, prolonged release dosing was simulated to find all release rates and doses producing successful regimens in every subject for whom clinical pharmacokinetic data were available. Intravenous dose data were required because the models and their parameter values could not be assessed with oral doses. The new method uses model independent equations derived from rapidly absorbed oral doses to simulate the administration of prolonged release formulations. Using these equations, repetitive oral dosing regimens were reiteratively simulated to search for all successful release rates and doses in every available subject. Results were validated by comparison to those obtained with the published method using theophylline and hypothetical drugs, which included examples of flip-flop and vanishing exponentials. When the oral reference dose data were reliable, results were similar even when the model independent parameter values did not agree with those used to generate the oral reference dose data. Differences were observed only when the random errors in the oral reference dose data were large. If more than one model independent equation provided equivalent fits to the oral reference dose data, the final results were similar independent of which equation was employed.
Transferring Microscopy Image Modalities with Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

Phase Contrast (PC) and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscopy are two popular non-invasive techniques for monitoring live cells. Each of these two image modalities has its own advantages and disadvantages to visualize specimens, so biologists need these two complementary modalities together to analyze specimens. In this paper, we investigate a conditional Generative Adversarial Network (conditional GAN), which contains one generator and two discriminators, to transfer microscopy image modalities. Given a training dataset consisting of pairs of images (source and destination) captured on the same set of specimens by DIC and Phase Contrast microscopes, we can train a conditional GAN, and with this well-trained GAN, we can generate the corresponding Phase Contrast image given a new DIC image, vice versa. The preliminary experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms one state-of-the-arts method, and can provide biologists a computational way to switch between microscopy image modalities, so biologists can combine the advantages of different image modalities to better visualize and analyze specimens over time, without purchasing all types of microscopy image modalities or switching between imaging systems back-andforth during time-lapse experiments.
Letrozole for the management of breast cancer (2002)

Letrozole, a third-generation aromatase inhibitor, has been the only aromatase inhibitor to date to show unequivocal superiority to tamoxifen as first-line treatment of metastatic postmenopausal breast cancer. The superiority of letrozole compared with tamoxifen was also reflected in the neoadjuvant setting, in both estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-unknown patients with differing HER-2 status. Currently, studies are being performed in the adjuvant setting, which will provide important data on the long-term safety of letrozole and help determine its suitability as a chemopreventive agent in healthy women at risk of developing breast cancer. Nevertheless, the superior clinical efficacy and survival data of letrozole suggest that it has the potential to displace tamoxifen as the gold standard in breast cancer treatment in the coming years.
Selective detection of thiosulfate‐containing peptides using tandem mass spectrometry (2005)

Incubation of proteins or peptides containing disulfide bonds (S-S) with sodium sulfite (Na(2)SO(3)) cleaves S-S bonds producing approximately equimolar amounts of free thiols (-SH) and thiosulfates (-S-SO(3)H), a process known as sulfitolysis. Proteins and peptides containing thiosulfates were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and characterized by mass spectrometry (MS) and peptide mapping. The mass of the thiosulfate-containing peptide formed from oxidized insulin B chain was 3478.02 Da, 80 Da greater than the reduced peptide and corresponding precisely to addition of sulfur trioxide (SO(3)). Disulfide bond cleavage was also observed using RP-HPLC and MS after incubation of the intramolecular homodimer of mouse S100A8 (mass 20614 Da). The mass of HPLC-separated A8-SH was 10308 Da, and 10388 Da for A8-S-SO(3)H. Loss of SO(3) from multiply charged precursor ions was generally observed at elevated declustering potentials in the source region or within q(2) at relatively low collision energies (approximately 20 V). The characteristic loss of SO(3) at low collision energies preceded peptide backbone fragmentations at higher collision energies. Accurate mass measurement and charge-state discrimination, using a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer, allowed specific detection of thiosulfate-containing peptides. An information-dependent acquisition method, where the switch criterion was loss of m/z 79.9568, specifically identified 11 thiosulfate-containing peptides using nano-LC/MS from a tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin (BSA).
Organization and Alternate Splicing of the Murine Folylpolyglutamate Synthetase Gene (1996)

The organization of the murine folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) gene has been determined by sequence analysis that also revealed an interesting complexity in the case of exon 1. The entire nucleotide sequence of the L1210 FPGS cDNA, the 3'- and 5'-untranslated regions, the mitochondrial leader sequence, and the coding region were found to be distributed on 15 exons with an overall length of 10.358 kilobases. Two splice variants of exon 1 were identified by screening of an L1210 cell cDNA library. Variant I (exons 1a + 1b plus 2-15) incorporates all of the sequence homologous to the recently reported (Taylor, S. M., Freemantle, S. J., and Moran, R. G. (1995) Cancer Res. 55, 6030-6034) human exon 1, including two ATG start codons at positions +1 and +126, and encodes both mitochondrial and cytosolic form of FPGS. The most prevalent variant, Variant II (exons 1b plus 2 to 15), incorporates only a portion (92 nucleotides at the 3' end) of this sequence, incorporates only one ATG start codon at position +126, and encodes only cytosolic FPGS. The existence of this variant is consistent with the identification of an appropriately situated internal donor/acceptor site in what was believed to be exon 1. A third related variant (Variant III) with a novel 5' termini was originally identified by screening of a mouse liver cDNA library. This variant, which occurs at moderately low frequency in the L1210 cell cDNA library, incorporates an alternate to exon 1a (exon 1c) spliced to exon 1b plus exons 2-15 and encodes a different mitochondrial leader peptide than Variant I. The identification of these variants suggests another possible mechanism, i.e. at the level of precursor mRNA splicing, for regulating synthesis of mitochondrial versus cytosolic forms of FPGS in the cell. Exon 1c is positioned in the gene upstream of exon 1a separated by an intron of 56 nucleotides within a region of DNA sequence that like the homologous human sequence is distinctly promoter-like. However, the sequence of this region differs from the human sequence in terms of the number, position, and type of putative regulatory elements, particularly in regard to the number of SP-1 binding sites and the position of multiple transcription start sites as determined by enzymatic primer extension.
Electron conduction in fe‐doped polystyrene films (1991)

Abstract The DC electrical conductivity of pure and Fe 3+ ‐doped polystyrene films has been studied at various bias field strengths in the temperature range 304–392K. Doped films showed increased conductivity compared with undoped films up to 0.5% dopant concentration; beyond this concentration there was a decrease in the conductivity. The increase in conductivity for lower doping concentrations (0.25% and 0.5%) is attributed to the formation of charge transfer complexes. The decrease in the electrical conductivity and the increase in the activation energy at more than 0.5% dopant concentration is due to the formation of molecular aggregates. For undoped films the activation energies in the low temperature region were found to be higher than those at higher temperatures. Also, with increasing bias field strength, the activation energies showed a decrease at all temperatures studied. It is suggested, on the basis of the magnitudes of the activation energies, that electronic conduction is the dominant charge transport mechanism both at low and high temperatures.
PAINTS FROM PLANTS (2010)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPAINTS FROM PLANTSWith biobased-coatings raw materials, companies get more than just INDEPENDENCE FROM PETROLEUMALEXANDER H. TULLOView Author Information C&EN NORTHEAST NEWS BUREAUCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2010, 88, 15, 16–19Publication Date (Print):April 12, 2010Publication History Published online19 March 2011Published inissue 12 April 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v088n015.p016https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v088n015.p016newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Materials Get e-Alerts