gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review of cermet-based spectrally selective solar absorbers (2014)

Spectrally selective solar absorbers harvest solar energy in the form of heat. Solar absorbers using cermet-based coatings demonstrate a high absorptance of the solar spectrum and a low emittance in the infrared (IR) regime. Extensive work has been done to optimize cermet-based solar absorbers to achieve high performance by exploring different cermet (ceramic–metal composite) materials and film configurations through different preparation techniques such as electrodeposition, sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, and solution-based methods. In this article, we review the progress of cermet-based spectrally selective absorbers with high solar absorptance and low thermal emittance, such as Cr[subscript 2]O[subscript 3], Al[subscript 2]O[subscript 3], AlN, SiO[subscript 2], and ZrO[subscript 2] based cermets as absorption layers. We also present an outlook for cermet-based spectrally selective absorbers with high thermal stability and high conversion efficiency from sunlight to heat.
Regulation of p53 by Hypoxia: Dissociation of Transcriptional Repression and Apoptosis from p53-Dependent Transactivation (2001)

Hypoxic stress, like DNA damage, induces p53 protein accumulation and p53-dependent apoptosis in oncogenically transformed cells. Unlike DNA damage, hypoxia does not induce p53-dependent cell cycle arrest, suggesting that p53 activity is differentially regulated by these two stresses. Here we report that hypoxia induces p53 protein accumulation, but in contrast to DNA damage, hypoxia fails to induce endogenous downstream p53 effector mRNAs and proteins. Hypoxia does not inhibit the induction of p53 target genes by ionizing radiation, indicating that p53-dependent transactivation requires a DNA damage-inducible signal that is lacking under hypoxic treatment alone. At the molecular level, DNA damage induces the interaction of p53 with the transcriptional activator p300 as well as with the transcriptional corepressor mSin3A. In contrast, hypoxia primarily induces an interaction of p53 with mSin3A, but not with p300. Pretreatment of cells with an inhibitor of histone deacetylases that relieves transcriptional repression resulted in a significant reduction of p53-dependent transrepression and hypoxia-induced apoptosis. These results led us to propose a model in which different cellular pools of p53 can modulate transcriptional activity through interactions with transcriptional coactivators or corepressors. Genotoxic stress induces both kinds of interactions, whereas stresses that lack a DNA damage component as exemplified by hypoxia primarily induce interaction with corepressors. However, inhibition of either type of interaction can result in diminished apoptotic activity.
RAPID AND HIGH THROUGHPUT ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST USING MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CELLS WITH MICROFLUIDIC CHANNEL IN 96 WELL PLATFORM (2013)

The rise in antimicrobial resistance has become a serious global health problem. For proper treatment of antimicrobial resistive bacteria and suppress the antimicrobial resistance, rapid antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) for clinical application is urgently needed. However, currently available AST platforms need 9 hours in average to obtain the susceptibility result. In this research, we develop a rapid AST based on the morphological determination in single cell resolution. For single cell tracking, we use the agarose as fixing agent in the microfluidic channel which is integrated with 96 well plate for user friendly and high throughput test for clinical application.
Topic-oriented query expansion for web search (2006)

The contribution of this paper includes three folders: (1) To introduce a topic-oriented query expansion model based on the Information Bottleneck theory that classify terms into distinct topical clusters in order to find out candidate terms for the query expansion. (2) To define a term-term similarity matrix that is available to improve the term ambiguous problem. (3) To propose two measures, intracluster and intercluster similarities, that are based on proximity between the topics represented by two clusters in order to evaluate the retrieval effectiveness. Results of several evaluation experiments in Web search exhibit the average intracluster similarity was improved for the gain of 79.1% while the average intercluster similarity was decreased for the loss of 36.0%.
Las nuevas retóricas de la inmigración femenina: la prostitución en las calles de Barcelona (2001)

En los ultimos anos, la elevada presencia de mujeres inmigrantes entre las trabajadoras sexuales esta resignificando el discurso oficial y la opinion mediatica en torno a la poblacion femenina inmigrante. La restrictiva politica inmigratoria, asi como el no-reconocimiento de la prostitucion como actividad laboral y el fuerte estigma social que la acompana, aumenta la vulnerabilidad y el abuso sobre estas mujeres ante la ley, las redes de trafico de personas, los clientes y la sociedad en general. La condena de la autonomia sexual y la independencia economica de estas mujeres son factores decisivos en la perpetuacion de su estatus de ilegalidad.
High thermoelectric performance in copper telluride (2015)

Recently, Cu2-δS and Cu2-δSe were reported to have an ultralow thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric figure of merit zT. Thus, as a member of the copper chalcogenide group, Cu2-δTe is expected to possess superior zTs because Te is less ionic and heavy. However, the zT value is low in the Cu2Te sintered using spark plasma sintering, which is typically used to fabricate high-density bulk samples. In addition, the extra sintering processes may change the samples’ compositions as well as their physical properties, especially for Cu2Te, which has many stable and meta-stable phases as well as weaker ionic bonding between Cu and Te as compared with Cu2S and Cu2Se. In this study, high-density Cu2Te samples were obtained using direct annealing without a sintering process. In the absence of sintering processes, the samples’ compositions could be well controlled, leading to substantially reduced carrier concentrations that are close to the optimal value. The electrical transports were optimized, and the thermal conductivity was considerably reduced. The zT values were significantly improved—to 1.1 at 1000 K—which is nearly 100% improvement. Furthermore, this method saves substantial time and cost during the sample’s growth. The study demonstrates that Cu2-δX (X=S, Se and Te) is the only existing system to show high zTs in the series of compounds composed of three sequential primary group elements. A time-saving procedure for boosting the performance of experimental thermoelectric energy harvesters has been developed by a team in China. Recently, copper sulfide (CuS) and copper selenide (CuSe) compounds have garnered interest as thermoelectric generators because their extraordinarily low thermal conductivities enable highly efficient conversion of temperature swings into electricity. However, copper telluride (CuTe) compounds, which have even lower lattice thermal conductivities than CuS or CuSe compounds, have so far displayed only moderate thermoelectric capacities. Xun Shi at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and co-workers solved this mystery by eliminating the spark plasma sintering procedure normally used to produce high-density CuS and CuSe thermoelectrics. The researchers raised the thermoelectric efficiency by a few times by directly annealing CuTe crystals. They attribute this increase to better control over carrier concentrations in the samples’ crystal structure. Enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit in the fully densified Cu2Te bulk materials by direct annealing method.
<title>JPEG 2000 compression of medical imagery</title> (2000)

A multi-institution effort was conducted to assess the visual quality performance of various JPEG 2000 (Joint Photographic Experts Group) lossy compression options for medical imagery. The purpose of this effort was to provide clinical data to DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) WG IV to support recommendations to the JPEG 2000 committee regarding the definition of the base standard. A variety of projection radiographic, cross sectional, and visible light images were compressed-reconstructed using various JPEG 2000 options and with the current JPEG standard. The options that were assessed included integer and floating point transforms, scalar and vector quantization, and the use of visual weighting. Experts from various institutions used a sensitive rank order methodology to evaluate the images. The proposed JPEG 2000 scheme appears to offer similar or improved image quality performance relative to the current JPEG standard for compression of medical images, yet has additional features useful for medical applications, indicating that it should be included as an additional standard transfer syntax in DICOM.
Macrophage polarization in the maculae of age‐related macular degeneration: A pilot study (2011)

Macrophages can be polarized to exhibit either pro-inflammatory M1 or pro-angiogenic M2 phenotypes, but have high phenotypic plasticity. This pilot study investigated macrophage polarization in the macular retina and choroid of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and non-AMD subjects, as well as in AMD choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM). All specimens were evaluated for routine histopathology. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for representative M1 (CXCL11) and M2 (CCL22) transcripts were performed on macular choroidal trephines (MCT) of 19 AMD and nine non-AMD eye bank eyes, on the microdissected macular retinal cells from the archived slides of five geographic atrophic AMD, five exudative/neovascular AMD, and eight normal autopsied eyes, and on microdissected inflammatory cells from two surgically removed CNVM that did not respond to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. High M2-chemokine transcript and a low ratio of M1 to M2 chemokine transcript were found in aging non-AMD MCT. Advanced AMD maculae had a higher M1 to M2 chemokine transcript ratio compared to normal autopsied eyes. Macrophages in the two CNVM of patients unresponsive to anti-VEGF therapy were polarized toward either M1 or M2 phenotypes. The number of M2 macrophages was increased compared to M1 macrophages in normal aging eyes. A pathological shift of macrophage polarization may play a potential role in AMD pathogenesis.
Mitochondrial Import of the ADP/ATP Carrier: the Essential TIM Complex of the Intermembrane Space Is Required for Precursor Release from the TOM Complex (2002)

The mitochondrial intermembrane space contains a protein complex essential for cell viability, the Tim9-Tim10 complex. This complex is required for the import of hydrophobic membrane proteins, such as the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC), into the inner membrane. Different views exist about the role played by the Tim9-Tim10 complex in translocation of the AAC precursor across the outer membrane. For this report we have generated a new tim10 yeast mutant that leads to a strong defect in AAC import into mitochondria. Thereby, for the first time, authentic AAC is stably arrested in the translocase complex of the outer membrane (TOM), as shown by antibody shift blue native electrophoresis. Surprisingly, AAC is still associated with the receptors Tom70 and Tom20 when the function of Tim10 is impaired. The nonessential Tim8-Tim13 complex of the intermembrane space is not involved in the transfer of AAC across the outer membrane. These results define a two-step mechanism for translocation of AAC across the outer membrane. The initial insertion of AAC into the import channel is independent of the function of Tim9-Tim10; however, completion of translocation across the outer membrane, including release from the TOM complex, requires a functional Tim9-Tim10 complex.
Cu<sub>2</sub>O: A Versatile Reagent for Base-Free Direct Synthesis of NHC-Copper Complexes and Decoration of 3D-MOF with Coordinatively Unsaturated NHC-Copper Species (2010)

A new and direct synthetic route for N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-copper complexes was disclosed by heating imidazolium halides with Cu2O. The related synthetic procedure was quite simple and the product easily separable from the reaction mixture by simple filtration. Ultimately, this reaction was successfully applied to decorate three-dimensional (3D)-metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with coordinatively unsaturated NHC-copper species
Balloon dilatation angioplasty: nonsurgical management of coarctation of the aorta. (1984)

Balloon dilatation angioplasty was successfully performed in five patients (ages 18 months to 17 years) with discrete aortic coarctation. The catheter size was No. 8F or 9F. Selection of balloon diameter was based on angiographic measurements of the aorta determined proximal and distal to the coarctation site. A 10 sec inflation-deflation cycle at 6 to 8 atmospheres (90 to 120 psi) was performed. The systolic pressure gradients across the coarctation before balloon dilatation angioplasty ranged from 35 to 70 mm Hg. Systolic pressure gradients after balloon dilatation angioplasty ranged from 0 to 10 mm Hg. All patients had normalized blood pressure immediately. Abnormal pulsed Doppler echocardiograms were observed in all patients before balloon dilatation angioplasty; four patients had normal echocardiograms after balloon dilatation angioplasty. No serious intraprocedural complications occurred. One patient required femoral artery thrombectomy 36 hr after balloon dilatation angioplasty. One to 6 months after balloon dilatation angioplasty no patients have evidence of restenosis of coarctation. Early results suggest that balloon dilatation angioplasty may offer a safe and effective nonsurgical alternative for the treatment of discrete coarctation in older infants and children. Long-term follow-up for the incidence of restenosis and formation of aneurysms will ultimately determine the efficacy and safety of this procedure.
Analysis of Biological Activities of Recombinant Rat Interleukin-5 (1999)

We analyzed the biological activities of recombinant rat interleukin-5 (IL-5). Purified recombinant rat IL-5 promoted the proliferation of T88-M cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and its effect was inhibited by an anti-murine IL-5-neutralizing polyclonal antibody. When bone marrow cells from normal rats were incubated with recombinant rat IL-5 in medium containing methylcellulose, the colony formation by eosinophilic cells was induced. Furthermore, when rat peritoneal eosinophils were incubated with recombinant rat IL-5, the spontaneous decrease in eosinophil viability was inhibited in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the recombinant rat IL-5-induced eosinophil survival was inhibited by an anti-murine IL-5-neutralizing polyclonal antibody. These findings suggest that rat IL-5 acts as B cell growth factor II, eosinophil differentiation factor, and eosinophil survival-enhancing factor.
Volume‐Weighted Average Price (VWAP) (2010)

Abstract The volume‐ (or time‐) weighted average price is a common benchmark used to evaluate performance in trading and execution.
Round trip time estimation in communication networks using adaptive Kalman filtering (2004)

Abstract: Heterogeneous communication networks with their variety of application de-mands, uncertain time-varying traffic load, and mixture of wired and wireless links pose several challenging problem in modeling and control. In this paper we focus on the round-trip time (RTT), which is a particularly important variable for efficient end-to-end conges-tion control. Based on a simple aggregated model of the network, an algorithm combining a Kalman filter and a change detection algorithm is proposed for RTT estimation. It is illustrated on real data that this algorithm provides estimates of significantly better accuracy as compared to the RTT estimator currently used in TCP, especially in scenarios where new cross-traffic flows cause a bottle-neck link to rapidly build up a queue, which in turn induces rapid changes of the RTT.
Graph transformer networks for image recognition (2005)

This contribution takes the example of a check reading system to discuss the modeling and estimation issues associated with large scale pattern recognition systems. 1. Problem Decomposition and Model Composition Consider a system that takes the image of a check and returns the check amount. This system locates the numerical amount, recognizes digits or other symbols, and parses the check amount. Accuracy should remain high despite countless variations in check layout, writing style or amount grammar. From an engineering perspective, one must design components for locating the amount, segmenting characters, recognizing digits, and parsing the amount text. Yet it is very difficult to locate the amount without identifying that it is composed of characters that mostly resemble digits and form a meaningful check amount (not a date or a routing number). Purely sequential approaches do not work. Components must interact, form hypotheses and backtrack erroneous decisions. The orchestration is difficult to design and costly to maintain. From a statistical perspective, one seeks to estimate and compare the posterior probabilities P (Y |X) where variable X represents a check image and variable Y represents a check amount. Let us define a suitable parametric model pθ(y|x), gather data pairs (xi, yi), and maximize the likelihood ∑ i log pθ(yi|xi). Such a direct approach leads to problems of unpractical sizes. It is therefore common to manually annotate some pairs (xi, yi) with detailled information such as isolated character images T, character codes C, or sequences S of character codes. One can then model P (C|T) and P (Y |S) and obtain components such as a character recognizer or an amount parser. The statistical perspective suggests a principled way to orchestrate the interaction of these components: let the global model pθ(y|x) be expressed as a composition of submodels such as pθ(c|t) and pθ(y|s). The submodels are first fit using the detailled data. The resulting parameters are used as a bias when fitting the global model pθ(y|x) using the initial data pairs (yi|xi). This bias can be viewed as a capacity control tool for structural risk minimization
Numerical Solution of Acoustic-Structure Interaction Problems (1989)

The purpose of this report is to describe a technique for solving steady state coupled structure-acoustics problems that has been implemented by the transducer modeling group at the NOSC. This technique is applicable to both structural radiation problems and structural scattering problems. The structural portion of the problem is modeled using a standard finite element program. The particular program used at NOSC is MARTSAM, but virtually any general finite element code could be used. The acoustical portion of the problem is modeled using the Combined Helmholtz Integral Equation Formulation (CHIEF). This technique has been implemented at NOSC in a computer program that is also called CHIEF. This report describes a technique for solving steady coupled structure- acoustics problems. Keywords: Acoustic radiation; Acoustic scattering; Elastic structures; Submerged spherical shells; Transducer arrays; Low frequency target strength; Submarines.
Minimum norm state estimation for computer control of water distribution systems (1984)

The paper presents an algorithm for water-system state estimation in presence of gross errors in measurement data. Application of a modulus norm in place of the more usual least-squares criterion for the minimisation of measurement inconsistency is shown to result in a linear programming formulation. A high computational efficiency for the algorithm is obtained by utilisation of both sparsity techniques and some special features of water distribution systems. Test results are included which demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm for online computer-based state estimation.
Evidence-Based Analysis and Inferring Preconditions for Bug Detection (2007)

An important part of software maintenance is fixing software errors and bugs. Static analysis based tools can tremendously help and ease software maintenance. In order to gain user acceptance, a static analysis tool for detecting bugs has to minimize the incidence of false alarms. A common cause of false alarms is the uncertainty over which inputs into a program are considered legal. In this paper we introduce evidence-based analysis to address this problem. Evidence-based analysis allows one to infer legal preconditions over inputs, without having users to explicitly specify those preconditions. We have found that the approach drastically improves the usability of such static analysis tools. In this paper we report our experience with the analysis in an industrial deployment.
Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lymphotoxin by cells of Hodgkin's neoplastic cell lines HDLM-1 and KM-H2. (1989)

The production of tumor necrosis factors (TNF) from cells of two Hodgkin's Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) lines, HDLM-1 and KM-H2 was examined. The culture supernatant from these two types of H-RS cells exerts a cytotoxic effect on L929 cells. Both tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are responsible for this activity. This was confirmed by the presence in the cells of proteins and m-RNAs of TNF-alpha and TNF-beta, as determined with immunoperoxidase staining and Northern blot hybridization. Approximately 20% of HDLM cells and 5% of KM-H2 cells were positively stained by a monoclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibody, and this staining was inhibited by preabsorption of the antibody with recombinant TNF-alpha. Staining with anti-TNF-beta, however, showed an intense reaction in more than 60% of HDLM-1 cells, but only in 5% to 10% of KM-H2 cells. The abundant expression of TNF-beta in HDLM-1 cells is consistent with approximately 10 times the TNF activity in HDLM-1-conditioned medium as compared with that of KM-H2. The rich secretion of TNF-beta in HDLM-1 cells was also validated by the inhibition of most of the TNF activity in HDLM-1-conditioned medium with anti-TNF-beta antibody, and by the presence of abundant TNF-beta mRNA in HDLM-1 cells. The reason for the abundant production of TNF-beta in HDLM-1 cells is not yet known, but may be attributable to a chromosomal abnormality in the 6p21 region. The expression of TNF-alpha, but not TNF-beta, by H-RS cells was demonstrated in lymph nodes from patients with Hodgkin's disease. The capacity of H-RS cells to secrete TNF as well as other cytokines, such as interleukin-1, colony-stimulating factors, and transforming growth factors, may contribute to the unique clinical and histopathologic alterations in patients with Hodgkin's disease.