gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relevant Cues for the Visual Perception of Depth: Is Where You See it Where it is? (1994)

We tested seven visual depth cues (relative brightness, relative size, relative height, linear perspective, foreshortening, texture gradient, and stereopsis) at viewing distances of one and two meters to answer two questions. First, which cues provide effective depth information (i.e., only a small change in the depth cue results in a noticeable change in perceived depth). Second, how does the effectiveness of these depth cues change as a function of the viewing distance? Six college-aged subjects were tested with each depth cue at both viewing distances. They were tested using a method of constant stimuli procedure and a modified Wheatstone stereoscopic display. Accuracies for perceptual match settings for all cues were very high (mean constant errors were near zero), and no cues were significantly more or less accurate than any others. Effectiveness of the perspective cues (linear perspective, foreshortening, and texture gradient) was superior to that of other depth cues, while effectiveness of relative brightness was vastly inferior. Moreover, stereopsis, among the more effective cues at one meter, was significantly less so at two meters. These results have theoretical implications for models of human spatial perception and practical implications for the design and development of 3D virtual environments.
Randomized Clinical Trials in Single Patients During a 2-Year Period (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe the feasibility of a single patient trial (SPT) service and study the influence of formal SPTs on therapeutic precision. <h3>Design.</h3> —Descriptive and evaluative study of SPTs. All planned trials were double-blind, randomized, multiple crossover trials. Other key features of individual trials were random assignment of order and assessment of predetermined explicit outcomes. Patients and physicians rated level of confidence in treatment before and after the SPT on visual analog scales. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Two-year experience (September 1988 to September 1990) of an SPT trial referral service available to physicians in an academic medical center. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —The number of planned and completed SPTs; proportion of completed trials yielding definitive answers; patient- and physician-rated levels of confidence in treatment pre- and post-SPT; time-motion studies to estimate resource consumption (costs) for selected SPTs. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of 34 completed trials, 17 were judged to give definitive results whereas 17 showed trends only. Results favored active treatment in 16 trials that led to treatment being continued (nine patients) or started (seven patients). Treatment was discontinued (seven patients) or not started (11 patients) based on 18 trial results that demonstrated active treatment was ineffective (seven), harmful (two), or apparently equivalent (nine). Most patients (65%) reported no change in their already high level of confidence in therapy as a result of trials, whereas physicians' confidence levels in therapy either increased or decreased post-SPT depending on the direction of trial results. Patients consistently rated the SPT service as extremely useful. Time-motion estimates indicate that 16.75 staff hours were spent per trial leading to a direct cost estimate of approximately $450 to $500 per trial. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —We conclude that an SPT service is feasible, trial costs compare favorably with other conventional services, and clinicians appear to gain confidence and precision from SPTs. When patients or clinicians are uncertain about the value (including the possibility of side effects) of treatment for symptomatic chronic diseases, we believe an SPT can be offered to a patient and will likely yield results that will effect subsequent treatment. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2708-2712)
Two transcription factors, NF-kappa B and H2TF1, interact with a single regulatory sequence in the class I major histocompatibility complex promoter. (1988)

A sequence centered 166 nucleotides upstream of the mouse H-2Kb class I major histocompatibility gene binds a nuclear factor, H2TF1, found in many cell types. Previous studies have shown that binding of H2TF1 to this sequence stimulates class I gene expression. Furthermore, this factor binds a similar sequence in the 72-base-pair repeat enhancer element of simian virus 40. We show here that NF-kappa B, an inducible B-cell-specific factor that binds the kappa immunoglobulin light chain gene enhancer, also binds the H2TF1 regulatory sequence. Methylation-interference experiments demonstrate that NF-kappa B closely interacts with six of the eight symmetrically positioned guanines that contact H2TF1. These experiments suggest that NF-kappa B may play a role in class I major histocompatibility gene expression and that H2TF1 and NF-kappa B may be related DNA-binding proteins.
Reversal of insulin resistance in type I diabetes after treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. (1983)

Insulin responsiveness was studied with the euglycaemic glucose clamp technique in seven patients with type I diabetes and in six control subjects matched for age and weight. The glucose disposal rate was significantly reduced in the diabetic subjects when they were receiving conventional insulin treatment compared with the control group, showing insulin resistance in the diabetics. The diabetic patients were again studied after eight days of intensified metabolic control achieved with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. During the infusion a more physiological insulin regimen was used compared with their regular treatment, less of the total insulin dose being given as continuous infusion and more as bolus doses before meals. The insulin resistance in the diabetics was largely reversed after this improved metabolic control. Dose response studies showed an increased glucose disposal rate at all plasma insulin concentrations, including the maximum insulin concentration, indicating a predominant effect of the continuous infusion regimen at the postreceptor level. The improved insulin effect seen with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion could be due to the improved metabolic control achieved as well as the more physiological regimen.
Monitoring of Hydration Processes in Cement Materials by Broadband Time-Domain-Reflectometry Dielectric Spectroscopy (2007)

Prior work in our laboratory demonstrated a continuous monitoring of the chemical state of water in hydrating cement paste, over the frequency range 10 kHz to 8 GHz and from initial mixing to several weeks cure. The broadband complex permittivity is obtained over the range using Time-Domain-Reflectometry (TDR) Dielectric Spectroscopy, using Fourier transform methods and an embedded capacitance sensor. Three fundamental signals are identified, corresponding to unreacted free water appearing near 10 GHz, bound-water attaching to developing microstructure near 100 MHz, and grain polarization occurring around 1 MHz. The three signal components are fit to appropriate molecular models as a function of cure time and monitored throughout the process. The result is 1) a free-water relaxation which monitors the disappearance of water into hydration and thus follows percent hydration, and 2) a bound-water relaxation which monitors water attaching to developing microstructure and thus monitors formation of this microstructure, and 3) a grain-polarization component which monitors developing microstructure. Our current work focuses on investigating changes in this relaxation spectrum and its cure evolution with changes in chemistry and processing conditions. Using the full frequency transform, we explore relative changes in various signal components with changes in ionic strength and backfilling of the pore space with excess free water. Monitoring the transient amplitude directly, we follow specific frequency components by monitoring corresponding delay times and follow reaction rates in the time domain. Changes in reaction rate are compared for changes in temperature, addition of accelerants and retarders, and other factors. Reaction rates obtained by TDR are also compared with rates obtained by other measures of cement hydration; such as heat evolution by isothermal calorimetry, bound-water formation by thermogravimetric analysis, and calcium hydroxide production by differential scanning calorimetry. The transient analysis can be integrated with a small portable TDR sampler to form a robust cure-monitoring system usable in the field.
Deep Dialog Act Recognition using Multiple Token, Segment, and Context Information Representations (2019)

Automatic dialog act recognition is a task that has been widely explored over the years. In recent works, most approaches to the task explored different deep neural network architectures to combine the representations of the words in a segment and generate a segment representation that provides cues for intention. In this study, we explore means to generate more informative segment representations, not only by exploring different network architectures, but also by considering different token representations, not only at the word level, but also at the character and functional levels. At the word level, in addition to the commonly used uncontextualized embeddings, we explore the use of contextualized representations, which are able to provide information concerning word sense and segment structure. Character-level tokenization is important to capture intention-related morphological aspects that cannot be captured at the word level. Finally, the functional level provides an abstraction from words, which shifts the focus to the structure of the segment. Additionally, we explore approaches to enrich the segment representation with context information from the history of the dialog, both in terms of the classifications of the surrounding segments and the turn-taking history. This kind of information has already been proved important for the disambiguation of dialog acts in previous studies. Nevertheless, we are able to capture additional information by considering a summary of the dialog history and a wider turn-taking context. By combining the best approaches at each step, we achieve performance results that surpass the previous state-of-the-art on generic dialog act recognition on both the Switchboard Dialog Act Corpus (SwDA) and the ICSI Meeting Recorder Dialog Act Corpus (MRDA), which are two of the most widely explored corpora for the task. Furthermore, by considering both past and future context, similarly to what happens in an annotation scenario, our approach achieves a performance similar to that of a human annotator on SwDA and surpasses it on MRDA.
Neural respiratory drive in obesity (2009)

Obese patients have substantially increased neural drive related to BMI and develop PEEPi when supine. CPAP abolishes PEEPi and reduces neural respiratory drive in these patients. These findings highlight the adverse respiratory consequences of obesity and have implications for the clinical management of patients, particularly where the supine posture is required.
4-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-3,4-dihydro-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzothiazine and related compounds. New class of antiinflammatory agents (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-3,4-dihydro-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzothiazine and related compounds. New class of antiinflammatory agentsJohn Krapcho and Chester F. TurkCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 7, 776–779Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00265a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00265a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photochemistry of .alpha.-(o-tolyl)acetone and some derivatives: triplet .alpha.-cleavage and singlet .delta.-hydrogen abstraction (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of .alpha.-(o-tolyl)acetone and some derivatives: triplet .alpha.-cleavage and singlet .delta.-hydrogen abstractionTaehee Noh, Xue Gong Lei, and Nicholas J. TurroCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8, 3105–3110Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00061a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00061a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proportion of Murine Cytotoxic T Cells is Increased by High Molecular-Weight Fucoidan Extracted from Okinawa mozuku (Cladosiphon okamuranus) (2005)

Male BALB/c mice were administered three fucoidans with different molecular weights prepared from Okinawa mozuku (Cladosiphon okamuranus). The proportion of CD8+ cells in the spleens of mice fed with high molecular-weight fucoidan significantly increased compared with those in mice fed a control diet. In addition, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio tended to decrease and the proportion of CD11b+ cells to increase. These results suggest that high molecular-weight fucoidan promotes an increase in the proportion of murine cytotoxic T cells.
Design and fabrication of a freeform microlens array for a compact large-field-of-view compound-eye camera (2012)

In this research, a unique freeform microlens array was designed and fabricated for a compact compound-eye camera to achieve a large field of view. This microlens array has a field of view of 48°×48°, with a thickness of only 1.6 mm. The freeform microlens array resides on a flat substrate, and thus can be directly mounted to a commercial 2D image sensor. Freeform surfaces were used to design the microlens profiles, thus allowing the microlenses to steer and focus incident rays simultaneously. The profiles of the freeform microlenses were represented using extended polynomials, the coefficients of which were optimized using ZEMAX. To reduce crosstalk among neighboring channels, a micro aperture array was machined using high-speed micromilling. The molded microlens array was assembled with the micro aperture array, an adjustable fixture, and a board-level image sensor to form a compact compound-eye camera system. The imaging tests using the compound-eye camera showed that the unique freeform microlens array was capable of forming proper images, as suggested by design. The measured field of view of ±23.5° also matches the initial design and is considerably larger compared with most similar camera designs using conventional microlens arrays. To achieve low manufacturing cost without sacrificing image quality, the freeform microlens array was fabricated using a combination of ultraprecision diamond broaching and a microinjection molding process.
Subcarrier multiplexing for lightwave networks and video distribution systems (1990)

Applications for subcarrier multiplexing include a variety of analog and digital lightwave transmission systems. An overview of the requirements and capabilities of these systems is presented by describing specific examples of the most popular system types. These examples include multiuser interactive local area networks and multichannel digital, FM, and AM-VSB (vestigal sideband) video distribution systems. Limitations imposed on each by the linearity of directly or externally modulated sources, receiver noise, and relative-intensity noise are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrically reversible depassivation/passivation mechanism in polycrystalline silicon (1996)

An electrically reversible depassivation/passivation phenomenon has been found for hydrogen passivated polysilicon. This reversible effect is seen in both ECR and rf hydrogen passivated n-channel thin films transistors (TFTs) but is not seen in the corresponding hydrogen passivated p-channel TFTs, nor is it seen in either n- or p-channel TFTs before hydrogenation. This phenomenon was observed while room temperature bias stressing n- and p-channel TFTs fabricated on the same solid phase crystallized polysilicon films on quartz substrates. A model involving hydrogen release or capture at defects and positively charged hydrogen motion in device electric field is proposed. This phenomenon has significant implications for polysilicon TFT design and operation.
Current Tuberculosis Vaccine Development (2000)

Information derived from the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis makes it possible to develop a range of new vaccine candidates. Strategies currently under investigation include construction of whole cell live attenuated mycobacterial vaccines, as well as the use of individual antigens delivered by a variety of subunit vaccination procedures. Fundamental questions associated with the rational design, preclinical testing, and future application of new tuberculosis vaccines are reviewed.
Comments (1992)

Alving and WassefThe authors state that “stealth” properties have been studied only in models in which the tested animals consisted of relatively young mice. We have reported results with GM1-containing liposomes in retired breeder mice, as compared to 6–8 week mice. We found that the blood/RES ratios were reduced by approximately 2-fold in the older mice lending some confirmation to their hypothesis that circulation half-lives may be dependent on the presence of antibodies or other age-related factors [1]. Stealth liposomes have also been studied in rats, with very similar results to those found in mice [2,3].
Carbon Capture by Metal Oxides: Unleashing the Potential of the (111) Facet (2018)

Solid metal oxides for carbon capture exhibit reduced adsorption capacity following high-temperature exposure, due to surface area reduction by sintering. Furthermore, only low-coordinate corner/edge sites on the thermodynamically stable (100) facet display favorable binding toward CO<sub>2</sub>, providing inherently low capacity. The (111) facet, however, exhibits a high concentration of low-coordinate sites. In this work, MgO(111) nanosheets displayed high capacity for CO<sub>2</sub>, as well as a ∼65% increase in capacity despite a ∼30% reduction in surface area following sintering (0.77 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> @ 227 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> vs 1.28 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> @ 154 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>). These results, unique to MgO(111), suggest intrinsic differences in the effects of sintering on basic site retention. Spectroscopic and computational investigations provided a new structure-activity insight: the importance of high-temperature activation to unleash the capacity of the polar (111) facet of MgO. In summary, we present the first example of a faceted sorbent for carbon capture and challenge the assumption that sintering is necessarily a negative process; here we leverage high-temperature conditions for facet-dependent surface activation.
A Modular Scintillation Camera for Use in Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A "modular" scintillation camera is discussed as an alternative to using Anger cameras for gamma-ray imaging in nuclear medicine. Each module is an independent gamma camera and consists of a scintillation crystal, light pipe and mask plane, PMT's, and processing electronics. Groups of modules efficiently image radionuclide distributions by effectively utilizing crystal area. Performance of each module is maximized by using Monte-Carlo computer simulations to determine the optical design of the camera, optimizing the signal processing of the PMT signals using maximum-likelihood (ML) estimators, and incorporating digital lookup tables. Each event is completely processed in 2 μsec, and FWHM of the PSF over the crystal area is expected to be 3 mm. Both one-dimensional and two-dimensional prototypes are tested for spatial and energy resolution.
Clonal Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells Express Characteristics of Both Mesenchymal and Neural Stem Cells1 (2005)

Recent evidence has shown that amniotic fluid may be a novel source of fetal stem cells for therapeutic transplantation. We previously developed a two-stage culture protocol to isolate a population of amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) from second-trimester amniocentesis. AFMSCs maintain the capacity to differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages and neuron-like cells. It is unclear whether amniotic fluid contains heterogeneous populations of stem cells or a subpopulation of primitive stem cells that are similar to marrow stromal cells showing the behavior of neural progenitors. In this study, we showed a subpopulation of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AF-SCs) at the single-cell level by limiting dilution. We found that NANOG- and POU5F1 (also known as OCT4)-expressing cells still existed in the expanded single cell-derived AF-SCs. Aside from the common mesenchymal characteristics, these clonal AF-SCs also exhibit multiple phenotypes of neural-derived cells such as NES, TUBB3, NEFH, NEUNA60, GALC, and GFAP expressions both before and after neural induction. Most importantly, HPLC analysis showed the evidence of dopamine release in the extract of dopaminergic-induced clonal AF-SCs. The results of this study suggest that besides being an easily accessible and expandable source of fetal stem cells, amniotic fluid will provide a promising source of neural progenitor cells that may be used in future cellular therapies for neurodegenerative diseases and nervous system injuries.
Generation of leaky Rayleigh waves using a conical phased-array transducer: Modeling time domain signals reflected on anisotropic materials (2002)

A conical wideband phased-array transducer allowing anisotropic material characterization without any mechanical movement is being developed by the CEA. This communication presents a model developed and applied to this transducer's design. A general formulation making no assumption on the transducer shape has been established to predict the transient acoustic signal reflected on a plane anisotropic specimen. In addition to the specific case of the conical transducer, the theory is applied to flat circular and spherical radiating surfaces. First comparisons between theoretical results and experiment are reported.