gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constructive Heterogeneous Object Modeling Using Signed Approximate Real Distance Functions (2005)

Abstract We introduce a smooth approximation of the min∕max operations, called signed approximate real distance function (SARDF), for maintaining an approximate signed distance function in constructive shape modeling. We apply constructive distance-based shape modeling to design objects with heterogeneous material distribution in the constructive hypervolume model framework. The introduced distance approximation helps intuitively model material distributions parametrized by distances to so-called material features. The smoothness of the material functions, provided here by the smoothness of the defining function for the shape, helps to avoid undesirable singularities in the material distribution, like stress or concentrations. We illustrate application of the SARDF operations by two- and three-dimensional heterogeneous object modeling case studies.
Halogen Compounds Derived from 4-Methyl-2,5-diphenylfuran (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHalogen Compounds Derived from 4-Methyl-2,5-diphenylfuranRobert E. Lutz and C. Edward McGinnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 11, 2583–2585Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1942https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01263a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (299 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical characterisation of biological nano-porous silica structures (2005)

It is well known by far that biological organisms could exhibit sophisticated optical system, which compete or overcame the top technology products available. The diatoms are microscopic algae enclosed in intricate amorphous silica cells, called frustules. In this work the optical reflectivity data, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) characterizations are presented for silica shells of <i>Coscinodiscus wailesii</i>, which is a centric diatom characterized from a diameter that varies in the range between 100 and 500 μm. Preliminary results suggest that the <i>Coscinodiscus wailesii</i> can be used as photonic material and sensor transducer.
<b>Synthetic peptides non‐covalently bound to bacterial hsp 70 elicit peptide‐specific T‐cell responses <i>in vivo</i></b> (1996)

We have examined the immunogenicity of complexes formed by non-covalent association of a synthetic peptide corresponding to influenza A virus nucleoprotein, residues 206-229 (pNP) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-shock protein 70 (hsp 70). One or two injections of these complexes given to BALB/c mice without any additional adjuvant, were capable of eliciting very strong peptide-specific proliferative T-cell responses in the spleen. These responses were dependent on the stability of the complex since immunogenicity was lost when dissociated with ATP prior to immunization. T-cell responses to hsp 70 were easily generated by immunization with the purified chaperone alone, either after primary or secondary immunization. Injection of pNP-hsp 70 complexes, however, although generating good primary responses, resulted in very much decreased proliferative responses to the hsp 70.
Influence of the menstrual cycle on nonlinear properties of heart rate variability in young women (2009)

This study was designed to assess the changes in nonlinear properties of heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) during the menstrual cycle by means of complexity measures, including sample entropy (SampEn) and correlation dimension (CD), and explore probable physiological interpretations for them. In 16 healthy women (mean age: 23.8 +/- 2.7 yr), complexity measures along with the spectral components of HRV (sympathovagal markers) were analyzed over 1,500 R-R intervals recorded during both the follicular phase (day 11.9 +/- 1.4) and the luteal phase (day 22.0 +/- 1.4) of each woman's menstrual cycle. Simultaneously, serum ovarian hormone (estradiol-17 and progesterone) and thyroid-related hormone [free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine (T(4)), and thyroid-stimulating hormone] concentrations were measured. With regard to HRV measures, SampEn, CD, and high-frequency (HF) components decreased from the follicular phase to the luteal phase, whereas normalized low-frequency (LF) components and the LF-to-HF ratio as well as resting HR increased. In regard to hormone levels, whereas progesterone was increased, the other hormone concentrations were unchanged. Furthermore, across the menstrual cycle, both SampEn and CD were well correlated with the spectral indexes and free T(4) concentrations, and SampEn also showed significant correlations with the ratio of estradiol-17 to progesterone concentrations. These results suggest that the nonlinear properties in HRV are altered during the regular menstrual cycle and that the autonomic nervous system, ovarian hormone balance, and free T(4) may be involved in nonlinear HR control in healthy women. All of these factors may enrich the physiological meanings of complexity measures.
A NEW EDGE DETECTION METHOD THROUGH TEMPLATE MATCHING (1994)

This paper reviews some gradient edge detection methods and proposes a new detector — the template matching edge detector (TMED). This detector utilizes the concepts of pattern analysis and the template matching of 3×3 masks. A set of performance criteria was used to evaluate the gradient edge detectors as well as the template matching edge detector. The results indicate that the new method is superior to the other gradient edge detectors. In addition, the template matching edge detector has also demonstrated good performance on noisy images. It can obtain very precise edge detection of single pixel width.
Formation of Formaldehyde by the Tunneling Reaction of H with Solid CO at 10 K Revisited (2002)

The reaction of H atoms with the solid CO thin film was reinvestigated in the temperature region of 10-25 K. H2CO was found to be only the reaction product, and no other products such as CH3OH were detected. This indicates that the tunneling reactions of H with H2CO to form CH3OH are even slower than the slow reaction of H with CO to form H2CO. The CH3OH found in the envelopes of the dark clouds may have other sources for their production in addition to reactions 2H + H2CO → CH3OH, e.g., reaction of O(1D) with CH4 trapped on the dust grains to form CH3OH. The yield of H2CO from the reaction H with solid CO showed a steep increase with a decrease of temperature from 25 to 10 K. This indicates that the dark clouds whose temperature is kept at as low as 10 K are the favorable place for the chemical evolution via tunneling reactions. The erosion of the solid CO film was not observed with the spray of the H atoms over the CO solid film in the temperature range of 10-25 K. This finding suggests that the contribution of the highly exothermic reaction 2H + H2 to desorption of the grain mantle may not be as large as thought before.
Effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular risk factors: A narrative review of head‐to‐head comparisons (2017)

Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Five CV risk factors (blood pressure, resting heart rate, body weight, cholesterol levels and blood glucose) are monitored routinely as safety and efficacy endpoints in randomized clinical trials for diabetes therapies. To determine if different glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) had varying effects on these CV risk factors, we reviewed 16 head-to-head trials directly comparing GLP-1RAs that included at least one of the five factors. Few trials reported statistical differences between GLP-1RAs in terms of systolic blood pressure (SBP), body weight and total cholesterol. Liraglutide increased heart rate vs its comparators in three separate trials. All GLP-1RAs reduced glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), but exenatide twice daily and lixisenatide had statistically smaller effects compared with other GLP-1RAs. These descriptive data indicate that individual GLP-1RAs affect CV risk factors differently, potentially because of their individual pharmacokinetics and/or size. Short-acting GLP-1RAs appeared to result in smaller changes in SBP and total cholesterol compared with continuous-acting treatments, while large GLP-1RAs had a reduced effect on body weight compared with small GLP-1RAs. For glycaemic control, short-acting GLP-1RAs had a greater impact on postprandial glucose levels vs continuous-acting GLP-1RAs, but for fasting plasma glucose levels and HbA1c, continuous-acting treatments had the greater effect. No differentiating trends were obvious in heart rate data. These diverse actions of GLP-1RAs on CV risk factors should aid individualized patient treatment.
Rapid identification of mycobacteria to species level by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the hsp65 gene and proposition of an algorithm to differentiate 34 mycobacterial species (1997)

PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA) of the hsp65 gene (A. Telenti, F. Marchesi, M. Balz, F. Bally, E. C. Böttger, and T. Bodmer, J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:175-178, 1993) was applied to 108 mycobacterial isolates representing 34 species to evaluate its potential as a rapid reference method. A total of 49 distinct patterns were obtained; 25 species were characterized by a single PRA pattern, while 9 species gave more than one specific pattern. An algorithm describing these 34 species (which includes five additional species and new subgroups of Mycobacterium kansasii, M. abscessus, and M. peregrinum) is proposed. A relatively simple and inexpensive method, PRA may be particularly helpful in routine clinical microbiology laboratories.
BIOASSAY OF THE GROWTH HORMONE OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY<sup>1</sup> (1942)

EVIDENCE HAS BEEN ACCUMULATING in favor of the concept that the growth hormone of the anterior lobe of the pituitary is a separate entity, different from the well established pituitary hormones such as the gonadotropic, lactogenic, thyrotropic and adrenocorticotropic hormones (1, 2). Final proof for the individuality of the growth hormone, however, will only be possible when the active principle is obtained in chemically pure form. For the purification of such a biologically active substance, a satisfactory method of assay is necessary, and the efficiency and specificity of the method is of primary importance. There are difficulties, however, in finding a specific and reliable test object for a hormone that controls a phenomenon as complex as somatic growth. The use of gain in body weight of rats for the determination of the growth hormone potency of pituitary extracts was first described by Evans, et al. (3), and is still being used for assay of growth hormone preparations by almost every investigator in this field (4–9).
Gene Expression Regulation by Upstream Open Reading Frames and Human Disease (2013)

Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are major gene expression regulatory elements. In many eukaryotic mRNAs, one or more uORFs precede the initiation codon of the main coding region. Indeed, several studies have revealed that almost half of human transcripts present uORFs. Very interesting examples have shown that these uORFs can impact gene expression of the downstream main ORF by triggering mRNA decay or by regulating translation. Also, evidence from recent genetic and bioinformatic studies implicates disturbed uORF-mediated translational control in the etiology of many human diseases, including malignancies, metabolic or neurologic disorders, and inherited syndromes. In this review, we will briefly present the mechanisms through which uORFs regulate gene expression and how they can impact on the organism's response to different cell stress conditions. Then, we will emphasize the importance of these structures by illustrating, with specific examples, how disturbed uORF-mediated translational control can be involved in the etiology of human diseases, giving special importance to genotype-phenotype correlations. Identifying and studying more cases of uORF-altering mutations will help us to understand and establish genotype-phenotype associations, leading to advancements in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of many human disorders.
Testing Nucleoside Analogues as Inhibitors of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> Spore Germination <i>In Vitro</i> and in Macrophage Cell Culture (2010)

Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, has a dormant stage in its life cycle known as the endospore. When conditions become favorable, spores germinate and transform into vegetative bacteria. In inhalational anthrax, the most fatal manifestation of the disease, spores enter the organism through the respiratory tract and germinate in phagosomes of alveolar macrophages. Germinated cells can then produce toxins and establish infection. Thus, germination is a crucial step for the initiation of pathogenesis. B. anthracis spore germination is activated by a wide variety of amino acids and purine nucleosides. Inosine and l-alanine are the two most potent nutrient germinants in vitro. Recent studies have shown that germination can be hindered by isomers or structural analogues of germinants. 6-Thioguanosine (6-TG), a guanosine analogue, is able to inhibit germination and prevent B. anthracis toxin-mediated necrosis in murine macrophages. In this study, we screened 46 different nucleoside analogues as activators or inhibitors of B. anthracis spore germination in vitro. These compounds were also tested for their ability to protect the macrophage cell line J774a.1 from B. anthracis cytotoxicity. Structure-activity relationship analysis of activators and inhibitors clarified the binding mechanisms of nucleosides to B. anthracis spores. In contrast, no structure-activity relationships were apparent for compounds that protected macrophages from B. anthracis-mediated killing. However, multiple inhibitors additively protected macrophages from B. anthracis.
Multiple-organ failure as a result of non-COVID-19 coronavirus infection (2021)

Coronavirus infections (CoV) are common in pediatric patients. In general, they produce a mild clinical presentation consisting of an upper respiratory tract infection that does not usually infect the lungs, with the exception of preterm infants and children with chronic diseases. These infections exceptionally affect other organs (heart, brain, gastrointestinal tract), thus increasing their severity. In relation to the temporal coincidence with the beginning of the current situation of pandemic by the new beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for its associated disease (COVID-19), this study presents a clinical case of a 5-year-old patient showing multiple-organ failure and neurological sequelae due to bulbar injury and vascular thrombosis caused by an alpha coronavirus (CoV-NL63) due to its severity and exceptionality.
Highly efficient integrated rectifier and voltage boosting circuits for energy harvesting applications (2008)

Abstract. This paper presents novel circuit concepts for integrated rectifiers and voltage converting interfaces for energy harvesting micro-generators. In the context of energy harvesting, usually only small voltages are supplied by vibration-driven generators. Therefore, rectification with minimum voltage losses and low reverse currents is an important issue. This is realized by novel integrated rectifiers which were fabricated and are presented in this article. Additionally, there is a crucial need for dynamic load adaptation as well as voltage up-conversion. A circuit concept is presented, which is able to obtain both requirements. This generator interface adapts its input impedance for an optimal energy transfer efficiency. Furthermore, this generator interface provides implicit voltage up-conversion, whereas the generator output energy is stored on a buffer, which is connected to the output of the voltage converting interface. As simulations express, this fully integrated converter is able to boost ac-voltages greater than |0.35 V| to an output dc-voltage of 2.0 V–2.5 V. Thereby, high harvesting efficiencies above 80% are possible within the entire operational range.
Higher-speed computer circuits (1958)

TWO DISTINCT LINES of attack are available for advancing the frontier in high-speed switching work. The most straightforward, but not necessarily easiest, method is to develop faster devices. This paper is devoted to the second method, that of devising circuits which better utilize the capabilities of existing devices.
Monitoring distributed systems (1993)

It is suggested that a functional model of monitoring in terms of the generation, processing, dissemination, and presentation of information can help determine the facilities needed to design and construct distributed systems. Implementation issues are also discussed, with attention given to the intrusiveness of monitoring systems and object-based implementation. It is concluded that generic monitoring services are important tools for managing distributed systems and for debugging during system development. Monitoring services may also be needed as part of the application itself, such as in process control and factory automation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Induced Localization of Allergic Adrenalitis and Encephalomyelitis at Sites of Thermal Injury (1968)

Summary Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was produced by active immunization with neural antigen and by passive transfer with living lymphoid cells. The lesions of both types of EAE localized around areas of brain damaged by heat, as has been reported in the past for a number of other nonspecific brain injuries. Allergic adrenalitis was also produced by active immunization and by passive transfer. Induced localization of both forms of adrenalitis at sites of thermal injury was demonstrated for the first time. Heat lesions 5 days or older were effective. Induced localization occurred within 24 hr and was organ specific. However, 1-day-old heat lesions of brain and 1- or 2-day-old heat lesions of adrenal were not conducive to localization of the corresponding autoimmune disease. The ineffectiveness of these very recent heat lesions was not related to a systemic stress reaction. The longer duration of the period of ineffectiveness in the adrenal was paralleled by a slower evolution of the healing process in the adrenal as compared to the brain, and both may be related to some local tissue characteristic specific for the adrenal.
Radio-Frequency Electrophrenic Respiration (1968)

Radio-frequency electrophrenic respiration (EPR) has been used successfully on a long-term intermittent basis to manage a patient with primary hypoventilation. The ability to use it only when desired, to adjust the amplitude of stimulation, and to control the rate of stimulation externally, has been made possible by use of the technique of radio-frequency transmission. Electrophrenic respiration by stimulation of one phrenic nerve has been carried out each night for ten months. Moderate fatigue of the stimulated diaghragm could be demonstrated after ten hours of stimulation. Further observation is required to determine if such fatigue is progressive. The future uses of radio-frequency electrophrenic respiration may include any condition of hypoventilation associated with an intact phrenic nerve and diaphragm. Whether its use will be of long-term benefit in the early stages of some hypoventilatory situations secondary to parenchymal disease is under study.
A model-based design methodology for cyber-physical systems (2011)

Model-based design is a powerful design technique for cyber-physical systems, but too often literature assumes knowledge of a methodology without reference to an explicit design process, instead focusing on isolated steps such as simulation, software synthesis, or verification. We combine these steps into an explicit and holistic methodology for model-based design of cyber-physical systems from abstraction to architecture, and from concept to realization. We decompose model-based design into ten fundamental steps, describe and evaluate an iterative design methodology, and evaluate this methodology in the development of a cyber-physical system.
Light Cognitive Radio enabled inter operator Flexible Spectrum Usage for IMT-Advanced (2009)

In this paper we propose a mechanism to enable Flexible Spectrum Usage (FSU) in Local Area (LA) indoor deployment scenario of International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-A) with several operators in the given geographical area. The proposed scheme is referred to as policy assisted light Cognitive Radio (CR) enabled FSU, because it follows the CR cycle and considers policy as an important element to assist FSU. It facilitates allocation of spectrum from a common pool in flexible manner and ensures coexistence of several operators in the given geographical area on the shared spectrum. It also provides an autonomous, self adjustable and scalable solution for the emerging large scale indoor deployment of Home eNode-Bs (HeNBs).
Characterisation of system performance of gps antennas in mobile terminals including environmental effects (2009)

Incident waves on a GPS antenna on mobile terminals suffer from multipath effects due to reflection, diffraction and scattering from environmental objects including buildings, trees, vehicles and ground. A traditional electromagnetic approach to analyse the GPS antenna performance is therefore unable to give a correct account of the antenna working in a real multipath environment. A new technique to characterise these environmental effects on the GPS antenna is presented in this paper, defined by three parameters; GPS Mean Effective Gain (MEG GPS ), GPS Angle of Arrival (AoA GPS ) distribution and GPS Coverage Efficiency (η c ).
Determination of melanin and haemoglobin in the skin of idiopathic cutaneous hyperchromia of the orbital region (ICHOR): A study of Indian patients (2012)

This study confirms that melanin deposits and blood stasis in dark circles may play a role in ICHOR pathogenesis and cause the darkening of skin under eyes. SIAscopy provides objective diagnostic information about ICHOR.