gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of intraneural injection and high injection pressure leads to fascicular injury and neurologic deficits in dogs (2004)

<h3>Background</h3> Unintentional intraneural injection of local anesthetics may cause mechanical injury and pressure ischemia of the nerve fascicles. One study in small animals showed that intraneural injection may be associated with higher injection pressures. However, the pressure heralding an intraneural injection and the clinical consequences of such injections remain controversial. Our hypothesis is that an intraneural injection is associated with higher pressures and an increase in the risk of neurologic injury as compared with perineural injection. <h3>Methods</h3> Seven dogs of mixed breed (15-18 kg) were studied. After general endotracheal anesthesia, the sciatic nerves were exposed bilaterally. Under direct microscopic guidance, a 25-gauge needle was placed either perineurally (into the epineurium) or intraneurally (within the perineurium), and 4 mL of lidocaine 2% (1:250,000 epinephrine) was injected by using an automated infusion pump (4 mL/min). Injection pressure data were acquired by using an in-line manometer coupled to a computer via an analog digital conversion board. After injection, the animals were awakened and subjected to serial neurologic examinations. On the 7th day, the dogs were killed, the sciatic nerves were excised, and histologic examination was performed by pathologists blinded to the purpose of the study. <h3>Results</h3> Whereas all perineural injections resulted in pressures ≤4 psi, the majority of intraneural injections were associated with high pressures (25-45 psi) at the beginning of the injection. Normal motor function returned 3 hours after all injections associated with low injection pressures (≤11 psi), whereas persistent motor deficits were observed in all 4 animals having high injection pressures (≥25 psi). Histologic examination showed destruction of neural architecture and degeneration of axons in all 4 sciatic nerves receiving high-pressure injections. <h3>Conclusions</h3> High injection pressures at the onset of injection may indicate an intraneural needle placement and lead to severe fascicular injury and persistent neurologic deficits. If these results are applicable to clinical practice, avoiding excessive injection pressure during nerve block administration may help to reduce the risk of neurologic injury.
STERIC HINDRANCE IN HIGHLY-SUBSTITUTED ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS. III. THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SOME TRIARYLSILYL ETHERS (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTERIC HINDRANCE IN HIGHLY-SUBSTITUTED ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS. III. THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SOME TRIARYLSILYL ETHERSHENRY GILMAN and G. N. RUSSELL SMARTCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1954, 19, 3, 441–450Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01368a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01368a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Nitrous Oxide on Hearing (2000)

There is a belief that the administration of nitrous oxide (N2O) increases hearing acuity. This increase can be interpreted as hearing low intensity sounds more loudly. This study examined auditory threshold levels, acoustic impedance, acoustic perception, memory, and discrimination to determine if hearing was altered by end-tidal 10% or 20% nitrous oxide. Subjects also qualitatively interpreted three intensity levels using a subjective intensity test. Observations were made in the breathing mediums of room air in the control stages (Stages 1 and 4), compared to N2O and supplemental oxygen (Stages 2 and 3), in 16 human subjects in a quiet room. Breathing end-tidal 10% and 20% N2O significantly increased middle ear pressure, and produced a significant effect on the subjective interpretation of a sound's intensity. There was no significant effect on auditory threshold at a range of frequencies. It appears that 10% or 20% N2O inhalation does not lead to the commonly held view of increased hearing acuity as measured in terms of auditory threshold. Rather, at these levels of N2O inhalation, subjects experience a state similar to a pre-sleep stage, whereby the hearing diminishes but remains active for loud intensity sounds.
Proteasomes are essential for yeast proliferation. cDNA cloning and gene disruption of two major subunits. (1990)

The cDNAs encoding two major subunits, named YC1 and YC7-alpha, of yeast proteasomes (multicatalytic proteinase complexes) were isolated and sequenced. As deduced from their nucleotide sequences, YC1 and YC7-alpha consist of 288 and 252 amino acid residues with calculated molecular weights of 31,534 and 27,999, respectively. They showed marked sequence homology to other eukaryotic proteasome components, suggesting that proteasomes are composed of a family of subunits with the same evolutional origin. To obtain information on the physiological role of proteasomes, we disrupted the chromosomal genes of YC1 and YC7-alpha of yeast cells independently, using isolated cDNA clones. Disruption of the coding region of one copy of the YC1 gene in diploid yeast created a recessive lethal mutation, but disruption of the 3'-noncoding region of the gene had no effect on cell proliferation. Disruption of the YC7-alpha gene also had a lethal effect on haploid yeast cells. These findings demonstrated that YC1 and YC7-alpha are both encoded by a single copy gene and that these genes are essential for proliferation of yeast cells.
Learning from troubled patients. (2008)

Though we may sometimes be tempted to look down on troubled patients, they have much to teach us.
Effect of Carbon Particle Size on Electrochemical Performance of EDLC (2008)

The effect of particle size on the electrochemical performance of electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) has been studied using carbon derived from silicon carbide powders with to grains at temperatures from 800 to . For the same synthesis temperature, similar pore texture and microstructure of carbide-derived carbons produced from different powders have been observed. Nanoparticles exhibited a slight porosity modification with a larger pore volume and surface area as compared to micrometer particles ( and ). Capacitances as high as associated with a small resistance and time constant have been reached for nano- and sub-micrometer particles synthesized at low temperatures and tested in a tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile solution. This result suggests that small particles facilitate the migration of the ions inside the porous electrodes, allowing them to reach the whole pore volume due to a shorter transport distance within the particle.
Genes and proteins involved in mesenchymal to epithelial transition (2001)

It has been known for many years that the epithelia of the urogenital system derive from mesenchyme. Essential regulators of this conversion have recently been discovered, and cellular changes have been described. However, we do not have a coherent view of how these dramatic changes are integrated, nor do we know the source or identity of extracellular signals that must regulate epithelialization of mesenchymal precursors. The metanephric kidney, Wolffian duct, and the Drosophila midgut are the leading model systems to describe how epithelia derive from mesenchyme.
Modelling and Simulating Chained Negotiation to Enable Sharing of Notifications (2005)

Notification services (NSs) are middleware components providing asynchronous message delivery between publishers and consumers. Multiple interconnected NSs form a distributed NS, with each NS routing notifications between publishers and consumers at different locations, enabling consumers to share subscriptions, reducing the number of messages sent. Consumers can specify quality of service (QoS) levels when subscribing to a NS, using negotiation to find QoS levels acceptable to both parties. However, if consumers specify sufficiently different QoS levels, notifications cannot be shared and new subscriptions must be made. Chained negotiation can be used to negotiate QoS levels through intermediate NSs, enabling the reuse of existing subscriptions for additional consumers. In this paper, we present a chained negotiation engine, evaluating its performance and behaviour, showing that it enables negotiation over QoS while still sharing notifications, and that it provides better results for a consumer by negotiation directly with the publisher.
Grammar-based Compression of DNA Sequences (2007)

Grammar-based compression algorithms infer context-free grammars to represent the input data. The grammar is then transformed into a symbol stream and finally encoded in binary. We explore the utility of grammar-based compression of DNA sequences. We strive to optimize the three stages of grammar-based compression to work optimally for DNA. DNA is notoriously hard to compress, and ultimately, our algorithm fails to achieve better compression than the best competitor. 1
정상임신부에서의 폐기능 및 동맥혈액 가스의 변화 (1988)

Pulmonary function tests and arterial blood gas analyses were conducted in 30 normal pregnant women and 8 nonpregnant control subjects, Most of the obvious alterations cannot be adequately accounted for by mechanical disturbances from the gravid uterus. During pregnancy, all women observed major changes in tidal volume (TV), functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), and minute ventilation (MV). Minor changes were also noted in many other measurements, all of which occured at an early stage of pregnacy. MV and TV increased, 7.8±2.31 to 10.03±2.2 L/min, M±SD and from 0.48±0.05 to 0.609±0.19 L, without a change in respiratory frequency (RF). FRC and RV decreased, from 2.97±0.03 to 2.38±0.43 L and from 1.51±0.53 to 1.48±0.31 L respectively, and total lung capacity (TLC) deceased slightly one from 5.74±0.02 to 5.26±0.63 L Forced exporatory volume in one second (FEV₁) in pregnant subjects showed no difference from that of the control subjects, During gestation, arterial blood gases changed, showing decreased PCO₂ due to hyperventilation.
Wireless Receiver Architectures Towards 5G: Where Are We? (2017)

With 5G posing different requirements to the mobile (handset) receiver than earlier generations, the receiver architecture needs to be carefully reconsidered. However, an up-to-date and complete overview is not yet available in literature. In this paper such a review of the currently available receiver architectures is provided, as well as an overview of current trends. For the first time, a framework is introduced that allows a systematic classification of architectures. An identification of unexplored possibilities and system-level trade-offs follows. A more flexible, low-power and high-performance receiver architecture than currently applied is needed for 5G, for which this framework becomes a useful tool.
Lophyrus fuscipennis Forsius auch in Deutschland in beiden Geschlechtern. (Hym. Tenthred.) (1931)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
2D Direction of Arrival Estimation using Channel State Information for UCA (2016)

This paper presents technique of two dimensional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of a source using uniform circular array (UCA) and channel state information (CSI). In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system signal is simultaneously transmitted over subcarriers with different frequencies. CSI is a value that describes complex gain/attenuation and phase shift introduced by wireless channel/environment on every subcarrier. Noting the fact that CSI values among antennas and subcarriers include phase shift due to DOA and Time-of-Flight (ToF), a novel technique of virtually extending the number of antennas by estimating the DOA and ToF at the same time is described. Simulation results show that accurate DOA estimation can be achieved even with small number of antennas.
The Use of Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor in Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation (1991)

Phase I, II trials indicate that Recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF), stimulates recovery of neutrophils following myelosuppressive chemoradiotherapy. In Seattle it was administered to patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplant (ABMT) for lymphoid malignancy. The data indicate that rhGM-CSF was well tolerated and associated with earlier neutrophil recovery, fewer infections and shorter initial hospital duration. Survival was not improved, however, less regimen-related toxicity was observed. Studies in patients with marrow graft failure are strongly suggestive of improved survival and rhGM-CSF is recommended for therapy in those patients. Although numbers were small, results in pediatric patients were not significantly different than results in adults.
Kinetic investigation of the synthesis of a polyethersulphone (1972)

Abstract This paper summarises results obtained from a kinetic investigation of the processes occuring during the synthesis of polyethersulphones by reactions such as: magnified image The factors determining the variations in functional group reactivities due to ‘bridge’ effects are described with reference to the reactivities of these groups in model systems, and the detailed kinetics shown by the polycondensations are explained. Evidence is presented to show that ether interchange can occur in a manner analogous to ester interchange in a polyesterification, and that in polycondensations where potassium fluoride (as opposed to the chloride or bromide) is eliminated chain extension is reversible and the use of high reactant concentrations is required to obtain polymers of high molecular weight.
Intermittent sequential pneumatic compression of the legs in the prevention of venous stasis and postoperative deep venous thrombosis. (1980)

The optimal stimulus which produced the maximum increase in blood velocity in the femoral vein during compression of the lower limb with a sequential compression device (six chambers) was determined using Doppler ultrasound in 10 normal limbs. Pressures of 35, 30, and 20 mm Hg at the ankle, calf, and thigh, respectively, applied sequentially for 12 seconds produced a 240% increase in the peak blood velocity. Higher pressures did not increase velocity any further. A nonsequential device (one chamber) inflated at 35 mm Hg for 12 seconds produced only a180% increase in blood velocity. The efficacy of the sequential device to prevent deep venous thrombosis then was tested and compared with a single chamber device and small-dose subcutaneous heparin in a randomized, controlled clinical trial using the 125I-fibrinogen test. The results suggest that the sequential compression device is as effective as heparin during the period when it is used (the first 24 hours after operation) and more effective than a nonsequential device in preventing deep venous thrombosis proximal to the calf.
Studies on Ketene and Its Derivatives. XLVIII. Reaction of Diketene with Hydroxylamine (1972)

The reaction of diketene with hydroxylamine was reinvestigated. Hydroxylamine, O-methylhydroxylamine and O-benzylhydroxylamine reacted with two equimolar amounts of diketene in the presence of triethylamine to give the corresponding 1-substituted 5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2 (1H)-pyridones ; i.e., 1-hydroxy (VI), 1-methoxy (XIII), and 1-benzyloxy (XVI) derivatives. Treatment of O-benzylhydroxylamine with an equimolar amount of diketene in the absence of triethylamine yielded O-benzylacetoacetohydroxamic acid (XVII) in good yield. Catalytic reduction of XVII with palladium charcoal afforded an oily substance (XVIII), which was treated with dry hydrogen chloride to give 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole (XIX).
Contrast-enhanced wideband harmonic imaging ultrasound (SonoVue®): A new technique for quantifying bowel wall vascularity in Crohn's disease (2005)

It is possible to quantify bowel wall vascularity accurately in patients with Crohn's disease using contrast-enhanced pulse inversion ultrasound (low-MI).
In vitro and in vivo radiation sensitization by the halogenated pyrimidine 5-chloro-2'-deoxycytidine. (1986)

5-Chloro-2'-deoxycytidine (Cld/Cyd) is hypothesized to have preferential incorporation into tumor DNA on the basis of elevated deoxycytidine-5'-phosphate deaminase and deoxycytidine kinase levels in tumors. Radiosensitization by Cld/Cyd was evaluated in exponentially growing Chinese hamster ovary cells by determining the ratio of radiation doses in control and treated cells to produce the same degree of cell killing (sensitizer enhancement ratio). Sensitizer enhancement ratios of 1.2-1.8 are seen at Cld/Cyd concentrations of 3-100 microM, 64 h incubation, and 200-600 cGy irradiation. Coincubation with tetrahydrouridine (H4Urd), a proposed inhibitor of Cld/Cyd catabolism by plasma cytidine deaminase resulted in no enhanced drug or radiation cytotoxicity. C3H mice given implants of RIF-1 tumors received 72-h continuous i.p. infusions of Cld/Cyd with or without H4Urd, or 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd). Excised tumors were irradiated as single cell suspensions in vitro. Infusions of equimolar (0.4 mmol/kg/day) Cld/Cyd or BrdUrd resulted in greater radiosensitization by BrdUrd with no potentiation of Cld/Cyd by coinfusion with 0.8 mmol/kg/day H4Urd. Infusions with equitoxic doses of Cld/Cyd (0.8 mmol/kg/day) or BrdUrd (0.4 mmol/kg/day) yielded equal BrdUrd and Cld/Cyd sensitizer enhancement ratios of 1.6, without H4Urd potentiation of Cld/Cyd. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of tumor cell suspensions using a monoclonal antibody reactive with BrdUrd and Cld/Cyd disclosed a population of noncycling cells in tumors treated with Cld/Cyd/H4Urd that is not seen in tumors exposed to either BrdUrd or Cld/Cyd alone.
THE AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF MAN (1954)

The amino acids were always recrystallized
Clinical and electrophysiological features of tilted disc syndrome. (1987)

Nine patients with tilted disc syndrome were examined psychophysically and electrophysiologically. Visual field defects did not correspond to fundus abnormalities in half of the eyes. Visual evoked responses were more reduced than electroretinogram responses. These results indicate that associated visual field defects and impairment of visual acuity were related not only to a localized staphylomatous ectasia of the posterior globe but also to a lesion of the inner retinal layer, optic nerve, or more proximal visual pathway. This suggests that a developmental abnormality in the embryonic retina may result in hypoplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium and neural elements as well as an anomaly of the optic disc. Investigation of visual function in patients with tilted disc syndrome may help to identify possible concomitant retinal and optic nerve dysfunction.
Surface micromachining of uncooled infrared imaging array using anisotropic conductive film (2001)

Micromachining processes have been extensively adapted in developing uncooled infrared imaging array. One of the most important sensing materials in the array is ferroelectric thin film. To integrate the ferroelectric thin film with the signal processing circuitry, an IC compatible process has to be applied. Various methods have been successfully used to prepare high quality oxide ferroelectric thin films. Unfortunately, not all of the methods are compatible with a standard CMOS process. None of them can optimize the ferroelectric thin film after it has been deposited onto IC chip due to high heat treatment temperature. A Flip-Chip Transfer (FCT) method is proposed here to optimize the ferroelectric thin film separately with the IC chip. Doing so, any necessary measure could be taken to optimize the performance of the ferroelectric thin film. After that, anisotropic conductive film (ACF) is applied between the ferroelectric thin film and the IC chip to establish interconnection and mechanical bonding between the sensing element and the signal processing circuit. Micromachining process is then applied to remove the substrate, usually Si, on which the sensing material is deposited. A 128x1 linear pyroelectric infrared imaging array is being fabricated.
The Promise of Canonical Wnt Signaling Modulators in Enhancing Bone Repair (2006)

The skeleton is vitally important for support, mechanical function and protection of internal organs. Over the last few decades, the molecular mechanisms by which bones develop and repair themselves have been the subject of intense research throughout the world. Particular attention has been paid to mesenchymal progenitors and the regulation of their differentiation to osteoblasts, the cells that build and repair bone. One of the major findings of these studies is that positive signaling by the canonical wingless (Wnt) pathway in mesenchymal progenitor cells is critical for the differentiation of the progenitors into osteoblasts. The subject of this review focuses on how perturbations of the Wnt pathway can adversely affect osteogenesis in disease and also, how pharmaceutical modulators of the Wnt pathway may be employed in the future to inhibit degenerative diseases of the bone and enhance repair.
On atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasma jets and plasma bullets (2012)

Atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasma jets (APNP-Js), which generate plasma in open space rather than in a confined discharge gap, have recently been a topic of great interest. In this paper, the development of APNP-Js will be reviewed. Firstly, the APNP-Js are grouped based on the type of gas used to ignite them and their characteristics are discussed in detail. Secondly, one of the most interesting phenomena of APNP-Js, the 'plasma bullet', is discussed and its behavior described. Thirdly, the very recent developments on the behavior of plasma jets when launched in a controlled environment and pressure are also introduced. This is followed by a discussion on the interaction between plasma jets. Finally, perspectives on APNP-J research are presented.