gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Stabilization of Centrifugal Compressor Surge (1991)

Active suppression of centrifugal compressor surge has been demonstrated on a centrifugal compressor equipped with a servo-actuated plenum exit throttle controller. The control scheme is fundamentally different from conventional surge control techniques in that it addresses directly the dynamic behavior of the compression system to displace the surge line to lower mass flows. The method used is to feed back perturbations in plenum pressure rise, in real time, to a fast-acting control valve. The increased aerodynamic damping of incipient oscillations due to the resulting valve motion allows stable operation past the normal surge line. For the compressor used, a 25 percent reduction in the surge point mass flow was achieved over a range of speeds and pressure ratios. Time-resolved measurements during controlled operation revealed that the throttle required relatively little power to suppress the surge oscillations, because the disturbances are attacked in their initial stages. Although designed for operation with small disturbances, the controller was also able to eliminate existing, large-amplitude, surge oscillations. Comparison of experimental results with theoretical predictions showed that a lumped parameter model appeared adequate to represent the behavior of the compression system with the throttle controller and, perhaps more importantly, to be used in the design of more sophisticated control strategies.
Responses of fibroblasts to anchorage of dorsal extracellular matrix receptors (2004)

Fibroblasts in 2D cultures differ dramatically in behavior from those in the 3D environment of a multicellular organism. However, the basis of this disparity is unknown. A key difference is the spatial arrangement of anchored extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors to the ventral surface in 2D cultures and throughout the entire surface in 3D cultures. Therefore, we asked whether changing the topography of ECM receptor anchorage alone could invoke a morphological response. By using polyacrylamide-based substrates to present anchored fibronectin or collagen on dorsal cell surfaces, we found that well spread fibroblasts in 2D cultures quickly changed into a bipolar or stellate morphology similar to fibroblasts in vivo. Cells in this environment lacked lamellipodia and large actin bundles and formed small focal adhesions only near focused sites of protrusion. These responses depend on substrate rigidity, calcium ion, and, likely, the calcium-dependent protease calpain. We suggest that fibroblasts respond to both spatial distribution and mechanical input of anchored ECM receptors. Changes in cell shape may in turn affect diverse cellular activities, including gene expression, growth, and differentiation, as shown in numerous previous studies.
RNA- and Virus-Independent Inhibition of Antiviral Signaling by RNA Helicase LGP2 (2006)

Antiviral innate immune responses can be triggered by accumulation of intracellular nucleic acids resulting from virus infections. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can be detected by the cytoplasmic RNA helicase proteins RIG-I and MDA5, two proteins that share sequence similarities within a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) and a DExD/H box RNA helicase domain. These proteins are considered dsRNA sensors and are thought to transmit the signal to the mitochondrial adapter, IPS-1 (also known as MAVS, VISA, or CARDIF) via CARD interactions. IPS-1 coordinates the activity of protein kinases that activate transcription factors needed to induce beta interferon (IFN-beta) gene transcription. Another helicase protein, LGP2, lacks the CARD region and does not activate IFN-beta gene expression. LGP2 mRNA is induced by interferon, dsRNA treatments, or Sendai virus infection and acts as a feedback inhibitor for antiviral signaling. Results indicate that LGP2 can inhibit antiviral signaling independently of dsRNA or virus infection intermediates by engaging in a protein complex with IPS-1. Experiments suggest that LGP2 can compete with the kinase IKKi (also known as IKKepsilon) for a common interaction site on IPS-1. These results provide the first demonstration of protein interaction as an element of negative-feedback regulation of intracellular antiviral signaling by LGP2.
Ultrasonic-Refraction Shutter for Optical Maser Oscillators (1963)

Recent interest in the application of infrared and optical masers (lasers) for range measurement, surveillance, welding, and drilling has focused attention on the problem of obtaining high peak-power pulses of short duration and fast risetime from these quantum devices. Kerr cells, Pockel cells, rotating disks, and mirrors have been used as shutters in the past with varying degrees of success. In this paper, experiments are described that demonstrate an ultrasonic shutter suitable for obtaining giant pulses from a ruby optical maser by utilizing the refraction resulting from the passage of a plane-parallel light beam through an ultrasonic field whose wavelength is much larger than the width of the light beam. Amplitude, risetime, and pulse duration are comparable with the values reported utilizing a Kerr cell and superior to those reported for rotating mechanical shutters. In addition, the ultrasonic shutter can be utilized to synchronize the usually random output pulses of a ruby optical maser with the ultrasonic frequency.
Detection of Life-Threatening Prostate Cancer With Prostate-Specific Antigen Velocity During a Window of Curability (2006)

PSA velocity may help identify men with life-threatening prostate cancer during a period when their PSA levels are associated with the presence of curable disease.
Turning an Articulated Truck on a Spreadsheet (2020)

This paper describes how a standard office spreadsheet application was used to set up an engineering model for the simulation and analysis of the turning of articulated trucks
Characteristics of Cholesterol-Grafted Gelatin Micelles (2010)

Gelatin, a hydrophilic protein derived from collagen, has been widely used in drug delivery system because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, its high water solubility limited its interaction with hydrophilic drugs. The current works propose a method to improve surface activity of gelatin by modifying it into an amphiphilic molecule via conjugating with cholesterol. High contents of cholesterol were conjugated to amino groups (-NH2) of gelatin using N,N’-Disuccinimidyl carbonate. Cholesterol contents were varied from 100% by mole of free -NH2 group in gelatin. The reduction of free -NH2 groups on gelatin determined by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) decreased with the increases of cholesterol used in the conjugation. The percentage of reduction of -NH2 content was 74.63 by mole respectively. Hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity changes were evaluated from water and ethylene glycol contact angles. The conjugated-gelatin were aggregated to form micelles at a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 8 mg/ml in DI water (pH 5), determined by surface tension testing. Average size of the micelles were in range of 459.05±54.59 nm. The micelles were tested for curcumin entrapment for a cancer research.
Who killed Leanne Holland? One girl's murder and one man's injustice (2007)

Who really killed Leanne Holland? Graham Stafford spent the prime of his life behind bars while Leanne's murderer, a violent sexual killer, escaped justice. This is the story of the investigation by criminologist Paul Wilson and private investigator Graeme Crowley who spent many years researching Leanne's murder.
A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of (S)- and (R)-1-(3-Methoxyphenyl) Ethylamine (2007)

A novel one-pot asymmetric reductive amination of 3-methoxyacetophenone with (S)- or (R)-α- methylbenzylamine using the combination of Ti(OiPr)4/Raney-Ni/H2 has been reported. This procedure provides excellent yield and diastereomeric excess. After cleaving the chiral auxiliary, (S)- or (R)-1-(3- methoxyphenyl)ethylamine was obtained in high yield. Keywords: (S)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine, (R)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine, asymmetric reductive amination, synthesis
Host-mediated selection impacts the diversity of Plasmodium falciparum antigens within infections (2018)

Host immunity exerts strong selective pressure on pathogens. Population-level genetic analysis can identify signatures of this selection, but these signatures reflect the net selective effect of all hosts and vectors in a population. In contrast, analysis of pathogen diversity within hosts provides information on individual, host-specific selection pressures. Here, we combine these complementary approaches in an analysis of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum using haplotype sequences from thousands of natural infections in sub-Saharan Africa. We find that parasite genotypes show preferential clustering within multi-strain infections in young children, and identify individual amino acid positions that may contribute to strain-specific immunity. Our results demonstrate that natural host defenses to P. falciparum act in an allele-specific manner to block specific parasite haplotypes from establishing blood-stage infections. This selection partially explains the extreme amino acid diversity of many parasite antigens and suggests that vaccines targeting such proteins should account for allele-specific immunity.
Correcting image placement errors using registration control (RegC) technology (2011)

The 2009 ITRS update specifies wafer overlay control as one of the major tasks for the sub 40 nm nodes. Wafer overlay is strongly dependent on mask image placement error (registration errors or Reg errors)<sup>1</sup> in addition to CD control and defect control. The specs for registration or mask placement accuracy are twice as difficult in some of the double patterning techniques (DPT). This puts a heavy challenge on mask manufacturers (mask shops) to comply with advanced node registration specifications. Registration test masks as well as production masks were measured on a standard registration tool and the registration error was calculated and plotted. A specially developed algorithm was used to compute a correction lateral strain field that would minimize the registration error. A laser based prototype RegC<sup>TM</sup> tool was used to generate a strain field which corrected for the pre measured registration errors. Finally the post registration error map was measured. The resulting residual registration error field with and without scale and orthogonal errors removed was calculated. In this paper we present first results of registration control experiments using the prototype RegC<sup>TM</sup> tool.
The new world of the urinary microbiota in women (2015)

Emerging evidence challenges the long-held paradigm that the healthy bladder is sterile. These discoveries may provide new opportunities to address important women's health conditions, which include preterm labor and delivery, urinary tract infections, and common forms of urinary incontinence. Traditional tools for urinary bacterial assessment, which includes urinary dipsticks and standard urine cultures, have significant limitations that restrict the information that is available to clinicians. For example, the standard urine culture does not detect slow-growing bacteria that die in the presence of oxygen. Two new, complementary tools, however, can detect these and other organisms, which permits a more complete characterization of bacterial communities within the female bladder. Obstetrician-gynecologists should become familiar with these new approaches (expanded quantitative urine culture and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing) that can detect previously unrecognized organisms. These advances are making it possible to answer previously intractable scientific and clinical questions. Traditional nomenclature used to describe the bacterial status in the bladder is quite dated and unsuited for the emerging information about the bacterial milieu of the female urinary tract. In the context of the sterile bladder paradigm, clinicians have learned about "uropathogens," "asymptomatic bacteriuria," and "urinary tract infection." Given that the lower urinary tract is not sterile, these terms should be reevaluated. Clinicians can already benefit from the emerging knowledge regarding urinary organisms that have previously gone undetected or unappreciated. For example, in some subpopulations of women with urinary symptoms, existing data suggest that the urinary bacterial community may be associated with women's health conditions of interest. This Clinical Opinion highlights the inadequacies of the current tools for urinary bacterial assessment, describes the new assessment tools, explains the current interpretation of the resulting data, and proposes potential clinical uses and relevance. A new world is opening to our view that will give us the opportunity to better understand urinary bacteria and the bladder in which they live. This new knowledge has significant potential to improve patient care in obstetrics and gynecology.
Enhance separations with electricity (1994)

To satisfy growing environmental regulations, control energy costs, or just to stay competitive, one must improve existing separation technologies and make them more efficient. New challenges in food processing and requirements for novel purification technologies in the biotech industry also will require more efficient separation techniques. This paper discusses some enhanced separation processes based on the application of an electric field in the combined-fields approach. In a combined-fields approach, the emphasis is on the generation of additional driving forces to work simultaneously with the conventional driving force of the process. Here the authors concentrate on the application of an electric field to generate the additional driving force.
Mucosal tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in patients with Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis. (1991)

The production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-6 by human antral mucosa during short term culture in vitro has been measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. TNF alpha and interleukin-6 concentrations in culture supernatants were significantly greater (p less than 0.001) in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori, all of whom had chronic gastritis, than in patients who were H pylori negative with histologically normal gastric mucosa. Among H pylori colonised patients, TNF alpha concentrations were significantly higher in those with active gastritis and neutrophil infiltration into the epithelium than in those with inactive gastritis. In contrast, interleukin-6 concentrations were raised in both active and inactive gastritis. This study shows that H pylori gastritis is associated with increased gastric mucosal production of TNF alpha and interleukin-6 and that the nature of the mucosal cytokine response varies with the immunohistology of the disease. Inflammatory cytokines generated locally within the gastric mucosa could be relevant to the gastric physiology of H pylori infection.
Location aware one-to-many communication in mobile multi-hop wireless networks (2002)

This paper presents a uniform solution for multipoint communication in mobile multi-hop wireless networks, spanning the full range of problems from routing to broadcast. Each node is aware of its own location and through a dissemination mechanism, becomes aware of the location of all other nodes in the network. Thus when a node has a packet to transmit, it is able to locally compute a "snapshot" of the network topology. A tree that describes the paths to follow to reach the destinations of the multipoint communication is then locally computed on the resulting snapshot. The tree obtained is optimally encoded by its unique Prufer sequence, included in the packet header, and then the paths traversed hop-by-hop as in any source routing technique. All the local computations are efficient, being executed in polynomial time. Our uniform solution to multipoint communication has been simulated in mobile multi-hop wireless networks with up to 60 nodes, showing a success rate of over 95% for routing and multicast. Furthermore, compared to flooding, our solution achieves improvements of up to 50% on multicast completion delay.
RNR1, a 3'-5' exoribonuclease belonging to the RNR superfamily, catalyzes 3' maturation of chloroplast ribosomal RNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana (2005)

Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts contain at least two 3' to 5' exoribonucleases, polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) and an RNase R homolog (RNR1). PNPase has been implicated in both mRNA and 23S rRNA 3' processing. However, the observed maturation defects do not affect chloroplast translation, suggesting that the overall role of PNPase in maturation of chloroplast rRNA is not essential. Here, we show that this role can be largely ascribed to RNR1, for which homozygous mutants germinate only on sucrose-containing media, and have white cotyledons and pale green rosette leaves. Accumulation of chloroplast-encoded mRNAs and tRNAs is unaffected in such mutants, suggesting that RNR1 activity is either unnecessary or redundant for their processing and turnover. However, accumulation of several chloroplast rRNA species is severely affected. High-resolution RNA gel blot analysis, and mapping of 5' and 3' ends, revealed that RNR1 is involved in the maturation of 23S, 16S and 5S rRNAs. The 3' extensions of the accumulating 5S rRNA precursors can be efficiently removed in vitro by purified RNR1, consistent with this view. Our data suggest that decreased accumulation of mature chloroplast ribosomal RNAs leads to a reduction in the number of translating ribosomes, ultimately compromising chloroplast protein abundance and thus plant growth and development.
Automatic analysis of eye-tracking data using object detection algorithms (2012)

In this paper we investigate the integration of object detection algorithms with eye-tracking data. The emerging technology of lightweight mobile eye-trackers enables realistic in-the-wild user experience experiments. Unfortunately, mobile eye-trackers generate a large amount of video data, which up to now requires manual analysis. This time-consuming and repetitive task renders processing large datasets economically infeasible. Our main contribution is the use of object detection algorithms to perform this analysis task automatically. We compare several object detection algorithms with regard to both speed and accuracy. To prove their functionality, we have recorded an eye-tracker shopping experiment and processed the data using object detection techniques.
Local path re-planning for unforeseen obstacle avoidance by an autonomous sweeping robot (2002)

We propose an algorithm for unforeseen obstacle avoidance by an autonomous sweeping robot. Sweeping means a motion that a robot covers a 2-dimensional area. When a mobile robot finds an unforeseen obstacle, it not only has to avoid collision but also sweep whole area including around the obstacle. In the proposed algorithm, a robot determines local area where path for sweeping should be arranged according to its limited sensing ability. By connecting the paths inside and outside the local area, the robot obtains a new total path. The local path re-planning saves heavy calculation to generate whole path again at online.
Serial concatenation of interleaved codes: performance analysis, design and iterative decoding (2002)

In this paper, upper bounds to the average maximum-likelihood bit error probability of serially concatenated coding schemes are derived. Design guidelines for the outer and inner codes that maximize the interleaver gain are presented and a highly-performing iterative decoding algorithm is proposed.
Homodyne Detection Up To 2 THz Using Continuous Wave Laser Diodes (2006)

We present a terahertz photomixing system based on free-running diode lasers and a resonant photoconductive receiver. Extensive modelling work has led to a detailed understanding of photomixer and antenna design, which coupled with the use of optical isolators, has allowed homodyne detection to be achieved at frequencies up to 2 THz.
Stromal Microenvironment Alterations in Malignant Melanoma (2011)

The stromal microenvironment has become recognized as a major factor maintaining physiological functions of the cells and tissue integrity and it sensitively responds to pathological conditions including malignant transformation. The development of an altered stromal microenvironment in response to carcinoma is a common feature of many tumours. Induced stromal changes significantly contribute to malignant cell invasion and cancer progression. The chapter concerns about the most important stromal alterations involved in progression of malignant melanoma. It has been documented that one of the reasons, why melanoma cells escape apoptosis is a result of multicellular nature of the disease, in which melanoma cells are embedded in a tissue microenvironment of multiple cell types.
The thermotropic phase behavior of ascorbyl palmitate: an infrared spectroscopic study (1981)

The infrared spectra of aqueous potassium ascorbyl palmitate were studied as a function of temperature using Fourier transform infrared techniques. From a light scattering experiment the Krafft point of 0.1 M potassium ascorbyl palmitate was determined to be 48 °C. The temperature-induced changes in infrared spectral parameters such as frequency and bandwidth characterize this Krafft point as a phase transition from a conformationally ordered, poorly hydrated solid phase, to an isotropic micellar phase. The phase transition of this "pseudosoap" occurs over a temperature range of about 10 °C, reflecting the progressive hydration of the solid upon micellization, a behavior typical of surfactants such as soaps.
In vivo dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase by ML-3000 reduces the progression of experimental osteoarthritis: Suppression of collagenase 1 and interleukin-1? synthesis (2001)

ML-3000 significantly reduced the development of lesions in experimental dog OA. The drug acts by reducing the synthesis of the inflammation mediators PGE2 and LTB4 and catabolic factors such as collagenase 1 and IL-1beta, which are known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of OA lesions. The effect of the drug on catabolic factors could possibly be related to its inhibitory action on LTB4 synthesis.
Transfer Learning for Voice Activity Detection: A Denoising Deep Neural Network Perspective (2013)

Mismatching problem between the source and target noisy corpora severely hinder the practical use of the machine-learning-based voice activity detection (VAD). In this paper, we try to address this problem in the transfer learning prospective. Transfer learning tries to find a common learning machine or a common feature subspace that is shared by both the source corpus and the target corpus. The denoising deep neural network is used as the learning machine. Three transfer techniques, which aim to learn common feature representations, are used for analysis. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the transfer learning schemes on the mismatch problem.