gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auto-magnetizing liners for magnetized inertial fusion (2017)

The MagLIF (Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion) concept [Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)] has demonstrated fusion-relevant plasma conditions [Gomez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 155003 (2014)] on the Z accelerator using external field coils to magnetize the fuel before compression. We present a novel concept (AutoMag), which uses a composite liner with helical conduction paths separated by insulating material to provide fuel magnetization from the early part of the drive current, which by design rises slowly enough to avoid electrical breakdown of the insulators. Once the magnetization field is established, the drive current rises more quickly, which causes the insulators to break down allowing the drive current to follow an axial path and implode the liner in the conventional z-pinch manner. There are two important advantages to AutoMag over external field coils for the operation of MagLIF. Low inductance magnetically insulated power feeds can be used to increase the drive current, and AutoMag does not interfere with diagnostic access. Also, AutoMag enables a pathway to energy applications for MagLIF, since expensive field coils will not be damaged each shot. Finally, it should be possible to generate Field Reversed Configurations (FRC) by using both external field coils and AutoMag in opposite polarities. This would provide a means to studying FRC liner implosions on the 100 ns time scale.
Development and in vitro characterization of poly(lactide-<em>co</em>-glycolide) microspheres loaded with an antibacterial natural drug for the treatment of long-term bacterial infections (2016)

Biodegradable polymers, especially poly(lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide) (PLGA), have good biocompatibility and toxicological properties. In combination with active ingredients, a specialized drug delivery system can be generated. The aim of the present study was to develop a drug delivery system consisting of PLGA microspheres loaded with the natural active ingredient totarol, which has several antimicrobial mechanisms. Totarol, isolated from the <i>Podocarpus totara</i> tree, was purified using column chromatography, and the eluate was checked for purity using thin layer chromatography. The spherically shaped microspheres with mean diameters of 147.21±3.45 µm and 131.14±3.69 µm (totarol-loaded and -unloaded microspheres, respectively) were created using the single emulsion evaporation method. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency, in a range of 84.72%±6.68% to 92.36%±0.99%, was measured via UV/vis spectroscopy. In a 90-day in vitro drug release study, the release of totarol was investigated by UV/vis spectroscopy as well, showing a release of 53.76%. The toxicity on cells was determined using BJ fibroblasts or Human Embryonic Kidney cells and an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, which showed no influence on the cell growth. The minimal inhibitory concentration was ascertained. A totarol concentration between 64 µg/mL and 128 µg/mL was necessary to inhibit the bacterial growth over a period of 24 hours. Biofilm formation on the surface of totarol-loaded microspheres was determined using transmission electron microscopy. No biofilm formation could be detected, even if the totarol concentration was below the minimal inhibitory concentration. The hemocompatibility investigations on various markers with fresh heparinized blood (1.5 IU/mL) showed that totarol and totarol-loaded microspheres have no influence on different blood parameters. The PLGA microspheres characterized by slow release of totarol and great entrapment efficiency represent a novel drug delivery system, which may be highly beneficial for the long-term therapy of bacterial infections.
Antitumor Effects of a Novel Lipophilic Platinum Complex (SM-11355) against a Slowly-Growing Rat Hepatic Tumor after Intra-Hepatic Arterial Administration. (2000)

The antitumor effects of cis[((1R,2R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N')bis(myristato)] platinum(II) (SM-11355) were evaluated in a rat hepatic tumor model, and were compared with those of cisplatin (CDDP). A novel slowly-growing rat hepatic tumor model was established by the successive transplantation of rat AH109A tumor into the liver. The drugs, which were suspended in Lipiodol, were administered into the proper hepatic artery of tumor-bearing rats. Tumor growth was suppressed in the group that received SM-11355 suspended in Lipiodol (SM-11355/Lipiodol). Mean tumor growth rates in the groups administered 20 microl of Lipiodol containing 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg of SM-11355 were 244, 86, 110, 81, 51, and 40%, respectively, 1 week after treatment. Those in the groups administered 20 microl of Lipiodol containing 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg of CDDP were 240, 110, and 45%, respectively. In the groups administered 0.2 and 0.4 mg of SM-11355 or 0.4 mg of CDDP, massive necrosis was observed in the tumor tissue 1 week after drug administration, and the tumors disappeared 4 weeks after drug administration. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels were measured as markers of liver damage one day after the drug was administered into the hepatic artery of rats. The minimum toxic dose, which raised serum GOT and GPT levels significantly compared with Lipiodol alone, was 0.2 mg for SM-11355/Lipiodol and 0.1 mg for CDDP/Lipiodol, respectively. The results demonstrated that SM-11355/Lipiodol exerted antitumor activity at a dose that showed no hepatic toxicity in the rat model, but CDDP/Lipiodol did not.
On the prediction of time-varying channels in MISO beamforming systems (2009)

This paper addresses the necessity of channel prediction in the time-varying channels. In a multiple input single output (MISO) system, transmit beamforming relies on the current channel knowledge, one solution is the use of feedback channel. In conventional scheme because of signal processing, propagation and channel-access protocols, channel knowledge often outdated for the the current use, so feedback delay is a major factor for the performance degradation in the time-varying channel. In this paper we utilize a Kalman-filter-based prediction method to overcome the feedback delay effect. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the channel prediction scheme.
Increased Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Melanoma-Prone Kindreds with<i>p16</i><sup>INK4</sup>Mutations (1995)

The development of pancreatic cancer in kindreds prone to melanoma may require a p16M mutation. Genetic factors, such as the kind of mutation found in p16INK4, may explain the inconsistent occurrence of other cancers in these kindreds.
A comparison of three methods of axillary brachial plexus anaesthesia (1990)

Summary One hundred patients scheduled for elective outpatient hand surgery had blockade of the axillary brachial plexus by one of three techniques; insertion of a catheter into the brachial plexus sheath (n = 25), use of paraesthesia (n = 50) or use of the nerve stimulator (n = 25) to localise the plexus. Only two patients required general anaesthesia for the planned surgery. Assessment of the dermatomes blocked did not demonstrate a statistical difference between the success rates of the three groups. The more nerves detected in the paraesthesia and the nerve stimulator groups before injection of local anaesthetic the higher the success rate of the block. We advocate use of the nerve stimulator technique in view of the possible risk of neurological damage associated with paraesthesia and the technical difficulties with the catheter technique, for routine brachial plexus blockade.
Thermal Decomposition of Chromic Anhydride Supported on Alumina (1958)

Abstract The thermal decomposition of chromic anhydride supported on gamma-alumina at 300°, 350° and 450°C was examined by chemical analysis and by magnetic susceptibility measurements. The stabilization of the plus-six oxidation state of chromium in a highly dispersed state was confirmed by the present experiments. In addition, by comparing the oxidation number and the magnetic susceptibility of chromium, it was found that the behavior of supported chromic anhydride in large aggregates is also anomalous. Contrary to the case of the thermal decomposition of massive chromic anhydride, the intermediate oxides CrO2.6 and CrO2.4∼5 were not found. The large aggregates of chromic anhydride on alumina lose the greater part of their active oxygen at relatively low temperatures and crystallize continuously into chromia with further loss of oxygen.
Sams Teach Yourself Oracle PL/SQL in 21 Days (1999)

From the Publisher:
Sams Teach Yourself PL/SQL in 21 Days, Second Edition, quickly empowers you to create your own Oracle solutions with PL/SQL. Completely revised to cover Oracles 8i, the book provides guidance and direction, leading you through a progression of topics that begin with the basic building blocks of PL/SQL, and ending with in-depth discussions of the more commonly used advanced features of Oracle's database programming environment. New topics include extended dynamic SQL within PL/SQL, Dynamic SQL within PL/SQL, use of invoker's rights, autonomous transactions, interfacing PL/SQL with Java, PL/SQL Bulk Binds, parameter passing by reference, and advanced Querying.
The Effects of Erosion Velocity on Filter-Cake Stability During Gravel Placement of Openhole Horizontal Gravel-Pack Completions (1992)

Abstract This paper describes the data obtained from multiple rate flow tests intended to simulate the circulation of typical completion fluids across open hole intervals supported by particle filter cakes of graded salt and graded calcium carbonate. All flow rates, fluid losses and changes of permeability were recorded to determine changes in filter cake stability caused by the fluid flow.
Assessment of a Virtual Functional Prototyping Process for the Rapid Manufacture of Passive-Dynamic Ankle-Foot Orthoses (2013)

Passive-dynamic ankle-foot orthosis (PD-AFO) bending stiffness is a key functional characteristic for achieving enhanced gait function. However, current orthosis customization methods inhibit objective premanufacture tuning of the PD-AFO bending stiffness, making optimization of orthosis function challenging. We have developed a novel virtual functional prototyping (VFP) process, which harnesses the strengths of computer aided design (CAD) model parameterization and finite element analysis, to quantitatively tune and predict the functional characteristics of a PD-AFO, which is rapidly manufactured via fused deposition modeling (FDM). The purpose of this study was to assess the VFP process for PD-AFO bending stiffness. A PD-AFO CAD model was customized for a healthy subject and tuned to four bending stiffness values via VFP. Two sets of each tuned model were fabricated via FDM using medical-grade polycarbonate (PC-ISO). Dimensional accuracy of the fabricated orthoses was excellent (average 0.51 ± 0.39 mm). Manufacturing precision ranged from 0.0 to 0.74 Nm/deg (average 0.30 ± 0.36 Nm/deg). Bending stiffness prediction accuracy was within 1 Nm/deg using the manufacturer provided PC-ISO elastic modulus (average 0.48 ± 0.35 Nm/deg). Using an experimentally derived PC-ISO elastic modulus improved the optimized bending stiffness prediction accuracy (average 0.29 ± 0.57 Nm/deg). Robustness of the derived modulus was tested by carrying out the VFP process for a disparate subject, tuning the PD-AFO model to five bending stiffness values. For this disparate subject, bending stiffness prediction accuracy was strong (average 0.20 ± 0.14 Nm/deg). Overall, the VFP process had excellent dimensional accuracy, good manufacturing precision, and strong prediction accuracy with the derived modulus. Implementing VFP as part of our PD-AFO customization and manufacturing framework, which also includes fit customization, provides a novel and powerful method to predictably tune and precisely manufacture orthoses with objectively customized fit and functional characteristics.
Single-loop coil concepts for intravascular magnetic resonance imaging (1999)

Compared with other coil designs that have been investigated for intravascular use, the single-loop coil can be designed with a very small diameter for insertion into small vessels and with a longitudinal extent over several centimeters for multislice imaging. If it designed to be expandable inside the target vessel, then it combines these features with increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and penetration depth. Expandable single-loop coils that are capable of meeting these requirements were developed and integrated into two different commercial catheter-based delivery systems: a self-expandable, single-loop made from NiTinol and a single-loop coil mounted on an inflatable balloon. The influence of a small-diameter coaxial cable for remote tuning and matching on the coil performance was investigated. Calculations showed the dependence of the signal on the separation between the conductors. The comparison of both catheter approaches in in vitro flow experiments and in an in vivo pig experiment revealed the influence of pulsatile flow on image quality during intravascular imaging with these designs.
Current management of immune thrombocytopenia (2013)

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune-mediated condition that results from antibody-mediated destruction of platelets and impaired megakaryocyte platelet production. ITP patients exhibit severe thrombocytopenia and are at risk for significant hemorrhage. Few randomized trials exist to guide management of patients with ITP. Ultimately, each patient requires an individualized treatment plan that takes into consideration the platelet count, bleeding symptoms, health-related quality of life, and medication side effects. This article provides an up-to-date review of management strategies drawing on links between the expanding amounts of clinical trial data and associated biology studies to enhance understanding of the disease heterogeneity with regard to the complex pathogenesis and response to treatment.
[Spontaneous intracardiac contrast and embolic risk]. (1996)

Spontaneous contrast in the form of smokey echos in the cardiac chambers is considered to be a risk factor for thromboembolism. The aggregation of red blood cells results in larger target which diffuse a measurable in vitro ultrasonic signal. The phenomenon of erythrocytic aggregation is dependent on the red cells themselves, the plasma fibrinogen and conditions of blood flow. The other constituents of the blood only reflect a small amount of ultrasound, usually undetectable. Transoesophageal echocardiography with high frequency transducers (5 MHz) positioned in close proximity to the cardiac chambers, has become the reference method for detecting spontaneous contrast. This phenomenon is almost exclusively observed in the left atrium and left auricle and rarely in the other cardiac chambers or descending aorta. In pathological situations, spontaneous contrast is essentially implicated in two conditions: mitral valve obstacles and non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Conversely, moderate to severe mitral regurgitation is a negative predictive factor of spontaneous contrast. However, a purely qualitative appreciation of spontaneous contrast which may be influenced by the gain setting and technical specifications of the echocardiograph, and the subjectivity of the operator, is an important limitation. Therefore, the identification of quantitative markers of spontaneous contrats and new therapeutic antithrombotic protocols remain essential.
Increasing TLB reach using superpages backed by shadow memory (1998)

The amount of memory that can be accessed without causing a TLB fault, the reach of a TLB, is failing to keep pace with the increasingly large working sets of applications. We propose to extend TLB reach via a novel Memory Controller TLB (MTLB) that lets us aggressively create superpages from non-contiguous, unaligned regions of physical memory. This flexibility increases the OS's ability to use superpages on arbitrary application data. The MTLB supports shadow pages, regions of physical address space for which the MTLB remaps accesses to real physical pages. The MTLB preserves per-base-page referenced and dirty bits, which enables the OS to swap shadow-backed superpages a page at a time, unlike conventional superpages. Simulation of five applications, including two SPECint95 benchmarks, demonstrated that a modest-sized MTLB improves performance of applications with moderate-to-high TLB miss rates by 5-20%. Simulation also showed that this mechanism can more than double the effective reach of a processor TLB with no modification to the processor MMU.
What Will Be the Economic Impact of COVID-19 in the US? Rough Estimates of Disease Scenarios (2020)

This note is intended to introduce economists to a simple SIR model of the progression of COVID-19 in the United States over the next 12-18 months.An SIR model is a Markov model of the spread of an epidemic in a population in which the total population is divided into categories of being susceptible to the disease (S), actively infected with the disease (I), and recovered (or dead) and no longer contagious (R).How an epidemic plays out over time is determined by the transition rates between these three states.This model allows for quantitative statements regarding the tradeoff between the severity and timing of suppression of the disease through social distancing and the progression of the disease in the population.Example applications of the model are provided.Special attention is given to the question of if and when the fraction of active infections in the population exceeds 1% (at which point the health system is forecast to be severely challenged) and 10% (which may result in severe staffing shortages for key financial and economic infrastructure) as well as the cumulative burden of the disease over an 18 month horizon.
Preparation and Characterization of Yttrium-iron Citric Acid Complexes (2002)

Yttrium-iron(III) citric acid complexes with mole ratio Y : Fe = 1 or 3 : 5, potential precursors for YFeO 3 and Y 3 Fe 5 O 1 2 thin films preparation, have been synthesized in ethylene glycol medium. The compositions, IR, 1 H and 1 3 C NMR spectral characteristics of the isolated solid complexes have been studied. Their chemical nature and the peculiarities of the complexation process in the system Y I I I -Fe I I I -citric acid-ethylene glycol 1 : 1 : 8.5 : 35 have been studied and compared with those of the earlier studied lanthanide(III or IV)-titanium(IV) citric acid complexes, prepared under the same conditions. The mixed-metal nature of the obtained complexes has been shown. In contrast to the analogous lanthanide-titanium system, no deprotonation of the alcoholic OH groups of citric ligands takes place in the course of the formation of Y-Fe complexes.
Inhibition of growth of MDA-MB-468 estrogen-independent human breast carcinoma by bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide antagonists RC-3095 and RC-3940-II (2000)

A virtual arrest of growth or regression of MDA-MB-468 human breast carcinoma after therapy with RC-3940-II and RC-3095 indicates that these BN/GRP antagonists could provide a new treatment modality for breast tumors expressing BN and EGF receptors.
Understanding the Anomalous Capacity of Li/Li[Ni[sub x]Li[sub (1/3−2x/3)]Mn[sub (2/3−x/3)]]O[sub 2] Cells Using In Situ X-Ray Diffraction and Electrochemical Studies (2002)

The electrochemical behavior of cells for 1/4, 1/3, 5/12, and 1/2 is reported. is derived from or by substitution of and by while maintaining all the remaining Mn atoms in the oxidation state. Conventional wisdom suggests that lithium can be removed from these materials only until both the Ni and Mn oxidation states reach giving a charge capacity of We show that cells give smooth reversible voltage profiles reaching about 4.45 V when Li atoms per formula unit are removed, as expected. If the cells are charged to higher voltages, surprisingly, they exhibit a long plateau of length approximately equal to in the range between 4.5 and 4.7 V. Subsequent to this plateau, the materials can reversibly cycle over 225 mAh/g (almost one Li atom per formula unit) between 2.0 and 4.8 V. In situ X-ray diffraction and differential capacity measurements are used to infer that irreversible loss of oxygen from the compounds with occurs during the first charge to 4.8 V. This results in oxygen deficient layered materials with stoichiometry approximately equal to at 4.8 V. These oxygen deficient materials then react reversibly with lithium. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Increased Uptake of Amino Acids and 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose by Virus-Transformed Cells in Culture (1972)

Transformed and nontransformed cells in tissue culture differ in their rate of uptake of certain nutrients, as determined by a polyester-coverslip technique. A 2.5- to 3.5-fold increased rate of uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, cycloleucine, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose was observed with polyoma virus-transformed baby hamster kidney (BHK) 21 cells and simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed BALB/3T3 (mouse fibroblast) cells, compared to their nontransformed counterparts. Kinetic analysis suggested that the increased uptake by cells transformed with virus was associated with a 3-fold greater V(max), with no detectable changes in apparent K(m). Limited studies also revealed increased initial rates of uptake by murine sarcoma virus-transformed rat liver cells, as compared to the parental line. Exposure of cells to concanavalin A and wheat-germ agglutinin led to significant reductions in amino-acid uptake by both transformed and nontransformed cells; however, transformed cells showed a greater decrease in uptake after exposure to wheat-germ agglutinin. Increased initial rates of uptake of certain amino acids and sugars may be a feature common to transformed cells, compared to their parental control.
Light (1987)

Experiment 6.01 Reflection of Light Materials: - Foam or paper cups, string, sticky tape, soda straws
Caspase-9/-3 Activation and Apoptosis Are Induced in Mouse Macrophages upon Ingestion and Digestion of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Bacteria (2002)

A number of highly virulent, intracellular bacteria are known to induce cell death by apoptosis in infected host cells. In this work we demonstrate that phagocytosis of bacteria from the Escherichia coli laboratory strain K12 DH5alpha is a potent cell death stimulus for mouse macrophages. RAW264.7 mouse macrophages took up bacteria and digested them within 2-4 h as investigated with green fluorescent protein-expressing bacteria. No evidence of apoptosis was seen at 8 h postexposure, but at 24 h approximately 70% of macrophages displayed an apoptotic phenotype by a series of parameters. Apoptosis was blocked by inhibition of caspases or by forced expression of the apoptosis-inhibiting protein Bcl-2. Processing of caspase-3 and caspase-9 but not caspase-8 was seen suggesting that the mitochondrial branch of the apoptotic pathway was activated. Active effector caspases could be detected in two different assays. Because the adapter molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) has been implicated in apoptosis, involvement of the Toll-like receptor pathway was investigated. In RAW264.7 cells, heat-treated bacteria were taken up poorly and failed to induce significant apoptosis. However, cell activation was almost identical between live and heat-inactivated bacteria as measured by extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, generation of free radicals, and TNF secretion. Furthermore, primary bone marrow-derived macrophages from wild-type as well as from MyD88-deficient mice underwent apoptosis upon phagocytosis of bacteria. These results show that uptake and digestion of bacteria leads to MyD88-independent apoptosis in mouse macrophages. This form of cell death might have implications for the generation of the immune response.