gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid inhibits prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>production in vascular smooth muscle cells (1998)

14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), a cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase product of arachidonic acid (AA), reduced PGE2 formation by 40-75% in porcine aortic and murine brain microvascular smooth muscle cells. The inhibition was reversed 6-10 h after removal of 14,15-EET from the medium and was regioisomeric specific; 8,9-EET produced a smaller effect, whereas 11,12- and 5,6-EET were ineffective. Although the cells converted 14,15-EET to 14, 15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-DHET), 14,15-DHET did not inhibit PGE2 formation, and the 14,15-EET-induced inhibition was potentiated by 4-phenylchalcone oxide, an epoxide hydrolase inhibitor. The inhibition occurred when substrate amounts of AA were used and was not accompanied by enhanced production of other PGs, suggesting an effect on PGH synthase; however, in murine cells, 14, 15-EET did not reduce PGH synthase mRNA or protein. Moreover, the 14, 15-EET-induced decrease in PGE2 production was overcome by increasing the concentration of AA, but not oleic acid (which is not a substrate for PGH synthase). These findings suggest that 14,15-EET competitively inhibits PGH synthase activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. The 14,15-EET-induced inhibition of PGE2 production resulted in potentiation of platelet-derived growth factor-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation, suggesting that the competitive inhibition of PGH synthase by 14,15-EET can affect growth responses in smooth muscle cells.
Dithered lattice-based quantizers for multiple descriptions (2002)

Multiple description (MD) source coding is aimed at achieving graceful degradation in reconstruction with respect to losing portions of the code, with the cost of some redundancy. We examine MD schemes which use entropy-coded dithered lattice quantizers (ECDQ). We propose two techniques, one based on successive refinement (SR), and the other a dithered and periodic version of the MID scalar quantizer (MDSQ) with distributed cells proposed by Vaishampayan (1993, 1994). Similarly to the single description case, both techniques are universal in nature, and are equivalent to additive noise channels. This allows one to derive analytical expressions for the rate-distortion performance for general sources, and to compare them to the optimal rate regions at both high and low resolutions. Among other results, we establish that while the dithered MDSQ scheme loses only the space filling loss of the scalar lattice at any resolution, the SR-based scheme loses an additional 0.5 bit at any lattice dimension. Possible improvements, such as "refinement time sharing" and "dependent dithering", are discussed.
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2011)

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is the least understood, yet perhaps the most prevalent manifestation of lupus. The pathogenesis of NPSLE is multifactorial and involves various inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies, and immune complexes resulting in vasculopathic, cytotoxic and autoantibody-mediated neuronal injury. The management of NPSLE is multimodal and has not been subjected to rigorous study. Different treatment regimens include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulation, and immunosuppressives such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and methotrexate. For refractory NPSLE, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasmapheresis, and rituximab have been used. Adjunctive symptomatic treatment complements these therapies by targeting mood disorders, psychosis, cognitive impairment, seizures or headaches. Several new biological agents are being tested including Belimumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets B lymphocyte stimulator. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, treatment, and new potential therapies for neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Cloning and characterization of the Drosophila presenilin homologue (1997)

Mutations in two genes, PS1 and PS2, coding for the presenilins, have been linked to the early onset form of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we report the identification of a Drosophila melanogaster homologue of human PS genes, Dps, which maps to band 77B-C on chromosome 3 and is expressed at multiple developmental stages. The predicted amino acid sequence of the Dps product is 53% identical to human presenilins, with the greatest similarity in the putative transmembrane domains, the hydrophobic domains at the beginning and the end of the cytoplasmic TM6-TM7 loop and the C-terminus. Analysis of Dps in a genetically tractable model system such as Drosophila may provide insight into the mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) necessary for the development of rational therapeutic approaches.
Compensation for thermally induced birefringence in Nd-YAG lasers (1970)

Thermal gradients that occur ill optically pumped YAG lasers result in bifocusing and birefringence. Methods to compensate for these induced aberrations have been suggested by Osterink and Foster. We have employed one of these methods that uses 90° rotation of the polarization. A crystal quartz rotator is placed between two pumped YAG rods so that the part of the mode that is radially polarized in the first rod is tangentially polarized in the second. The experimental set-up consists of a 50-cm convex mirror, two flat ended 3 × 50 mm krypton-pumped Nd: YAG rods separated by the rotator and a 10-m concave output mirror. The dimensions of the cavity are such that the TEM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</inf> mode should be apertured by the rod diameters when their focal lengths are 50 cm each. The rod-lamp combinations have this focal length at a 1.5 kW input to each. The multimode output power at this input is 9 W with long-radius mirrors. With the above set-up the output is 6 W in the TEM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</inf> mode. Insertion of a Brewster plate results in a linearly polarized mode in a ratio of 30:1 with less than 10% loss of power. Variation of the power input to one of the lamps results in an increase in the crossed polarization component and shows that compensation is achieved by this technique. It is possible to obtain similar polarizations without loss of power for the multimode operation. In an attempt to reduce focusing effects, the pump radiation was filtered with a pass band from 0.66 to 1.33 microns, but no significant change in the observed focal length of the YAG rod was observed.
정보교과교육 : 초등 알고리즘 학습을 위한 모바일 웹앱 교수·학습 자료 개발 (2012)

지식 정보화 시대의 도래에 따라 지식의 양은 폭발적으로 증가하고 있다. 이러한 사회 속에서 필요한 정보를 적절히 선별하고 가공 시킬 수 있는 능력이 무엇보다 중요시되고 있다. 이에 따라 대두되고 있는 교육의 목적이 문제 해결력과 창의적 능력 함양이며 이 목적에 부합하는 것이 바로 알고리즘 교육이다. 알고리즘 교육의 학습 목표는 알고리즘에 대한 기초 지식을 습득하고 알고리즘의 기초 개념과 활용 방법을 익혀, 정보화 사회에서 필요로 하는 여러 가지 문제를 해결하고, 자료 처리를 위한 알고리즘을 작성할 수 있는 능력과 태도를 기르는데 있다. 하지만 초등학생에게 적합한 교수학습 방법 및 수업자료의 미비로 최근에 초등학교 정보 교육이 제대로 이루어지지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 교사들이 초등학교 학생들에게 알고리즘 교육을 할 때, 스마트기기를 활용하여 알고리즘 교육을 할 수 있는 수업자료를 설계하는 데 연구목적이 있다. 즉 교육현장에서 초등학교 학생들에게 적용할 알고리즘 교육의 수업자료를 제안하여 정보교육의 질 개선에 기여하고자 한다.
Framework for a Unified Model for Nucleate and Transition Pool Boiling (1989)

An area and time-averaged model for saturated pool boiling heat fluxes has been developed. In the model, which is valid in the upper end of nucleate boiling and in transition boiling, the existence of stationary vapor stems at the wall is assumed. The energy from the wall is conducted into the liquid macro/micro thermal layer surrounding the stems and is utilized in evaporation at the stationary liquid–vapor interface. The heat transfer rate into the thermal layer and the temperature distribution in it are determined by solving a two-dimensional steady-state conduction equation. The evaporation rate is given by the kinetic theory. The heater surface area over which the vapor stems exist is taken to be dry. Employing experimentally observed void fractions, not only the nucleate and transition boiling heat fluxes but also the maximum and minimum heat fluxes are predicted from the model. The maximum heat fluxes obtained from the model are valid only for surfaces that are not well wetted and includes the contact angle as one of the parameters.
Struvite Precipitation and Biological Dissolutions. (2010)

Struvite is a salt that is formed out of Mg2+,NH4+ and PO43- and it crystallizes in form of MgNH4PO4.6H2O. Struvite‟s (magnesium ammonium phosphate or MAP) precipitation has recently been regarded as an interesting technique to remove phosphate and ammonium from waste water. The high elimination rates and the possibility of recycling the struvite as a direct slow release fertilizer make this process feasible and appealing. However, the costs due to the raw chemicals needed are drawbacks that leave aside the application of the process in some facilities. The MAP biological dissolution makes possible a recycling of magnesium and phosphate, a fact that reduces the process‟s costs and will help making it even more feasible and environmentally friend. This thesis goes also through the parameters, reactions and different techniques that optimize the struvite precipitation process.
Anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks (2008)

Anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks is an important challenge for tasks such as fault diagnosis, intrusion detection, and monitoring applications. The algorithms developed for anomaly detection have to consider the inherent limitations of sensor networks in their design so that the energy consumption in sensor nodes is minimized and the lifetime of the network is maximized. In this survey article we analyze the state of the art in anomaly detection techniques for wireless sensor networks and discuss some open issues for research.
Pathophysiology of peripheral nerve injury: a brief review (2004)

Clinicians caring for patients with brachial plexus and other nerve injuries must possess a clear understanding of the peripheral nervous system's response to trauma. In this article, the authors briefly review peripheral nerve injury (PNI) types, discuss the common injury classification schemes, and describe the dynamic processes of degeneration and reinnervation that characterize the PNI response.
Pythagoras (1915)

The Mathematical Gazette has commenced a series of articles, adapted for the use of school-teachers, on the great mathematicians of former days. No series of the kind could be complete were Pythagoras omitted, for it was he who raised mathematics to the rank of a science, made it a part of liberal education, and evolved a scheme on which it continued to be studied in Europe for more than 2000 years. But though his claim to inclusion is indisputable, the materials for describing his work are sadly lacking. We have a treatise by Aristotle on Pythagorean teaching, but the biography by the wife of Pythagoras is lost, and only fragments of the sketches by Aristoxenus, Dikaiarchus, and Philolaus exist, while the memoirs by Laertius Diogenes, Iamblichus, and Porphyry, on which we have mainly to rely for personal details, are late and include much that is palpably untrue. The reputation of Pythagoras far exceeded that of any of his contemporaries, and so great was it that in the credulous ages miracles and magical feats were freely attributed to him; later these additions tended to make men go to the other extreme, and doubt the truth of everything written about him. Within recent years, however, the available materials have been subjected to critical examination, and the researches of T. Gomperz of Vienna, J. Burnet of St. Andrews, G. J. Allman of Dublin, and P. Tannery of Paris enable us to speak with more confidence than was formerly possible.
Aspects of the reversal of methotrexate toxicity in rodents. (1977)

An ip injection of a Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase preparation into rats and mice given a single lethal dose of methotrexate (MTX) caused a marked lowering of free MTX in the blood. Alternatives to citrovorum factor as agents for reversing MTX toxicity were explored in mice. dl, L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, dl,L-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, l,L-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, and dihydrofolate were also effective MTX antagonists; d,L-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate was inert.
A robotic road sweeper (2000)

The hardware and software design of a robotic road sweeper is presented. The basic vehicle used is the commercial road sweeper KMR 1200 manufactured by Alfred Karcher GmbH, Germany. This vehicle has been re-designed and augmented by mechanical and electronic components to allow automatic control of both the drive system and the cleaning system. The road sweeper has been further equipped with a navigation system to support autonomous locomotion and operation of the vehicle. The system is intended to clean areas such as the parking space of supermarkets or airports, or factory premises and backyard. The system will be used to handle situations and events which typically occur in public environments which include unknown stationary obstacles such as palettes or containers with goods, parked vehicles or shopping carts left in the workspace, also moving objects such as moving cars or people or animals walking or running across the parking space.
Platelet Size and Kinetics in Hereditary and Acquired Thrombocytopenia (1972)

Abstract Measurements of platelet size and life-0 span were obtained to classify a variety of thrombocytopenic states. The mean size index in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was significantly increased, whereas platelets in the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome were small. The platelet defect in a family characterized by thrombocytopenia, sex-linked recessive inheritance, small platelet size and shortened platelet life-span closely resembled that of the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, but only mild eczema was present and immunologic abnormalities were absent. In a second family, thrombocytopenia was associated with increased platelet size suggesting a young cell population similar to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. However, autologous platelet life-span was normal. Size measurements are thus useful in the classification of thrombocytopenias. Although in acquired conditions increased platelet size suggests a young platelet population, in hereditary disease platelet size is determined more by the nature of the in...
Motion capture system of magnetic markers using three-axial magnetic field sensor (2000)

We have developed a magnetic motion capture system consisting of up to two magnetic markers (Nd-Fe-B magnet) and four three-axial sensors. The position and orientation of the magnetic markers (dipole) are detected by measuring the magnetic field of markers. Position accuracy of one marker is about 3 mm when a marker is located 150 mm from a sensor, position accuracy of two markers is about 20 mm when the markers are located 150 mm from sensors. The most common error source is crosstalk between the cores of three-axial sensors.
Effect of Silicon Doping on Performance of 30-Pair In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>N/GaN Quantum Well Solar Cells (2010)

Silicon doping in a barrier layer has been demonstrated to improve crystal quality and the interfacial quality of InGaN/GaN quantum wells. Furthermore, it also reduces piezoelectric field with heavy silicon doping. In this work, the characteristics of 30-pair In x Ga 1- x N/GaN quantum well solar cells with undoped wells/undoped barriers (UWUB), Si-doped wells/Si-doped barriers (DWDB), and undoped wells/Si-doped barriers (UWDB) are compared and investigated. The short circuit currents ( J sc ) of the solar cells with UWUB, DWDB, and UWDB are 0.54, 0.16, and 0.23 mA/cm 2 , respectively. This indicates that the electric field in quantum wells dominates the collected current capability. The open circuit voltages ( V oc ) of the solar cells with UWUB, DWDB, and UWDB are 2.18, 1.38, and 1.91 V, respectively. Recombination rate determines V oc . The solar cell with UWUB exhibits the highest efficiency among the three solar cells. The temperature dependences of solar efficiency differ in three cases. As temperature increases, solar efficiency decreases in the UWUB sample, and increases in the DWDB and UWDB samples owing to the competition between the increasing J sc and the decreasing V oc .
Fiber-Optic Leadthrough System For High-Pressure Sensing And Characterization (1989)

A simple but original high-pressure fiber-optic system was developed for transmitting optical data via fiber lightguides to and from the inside of a high-pressure vessel at up to 200 MPa. This multifiber system is fully demountable and can carry up to 20 independent optical fibers of different types and different diameters. The paper discusses the principles and the details of leadthrough system design and describes its performance using single-mode and polarization-maintaining fibers. Preliminary applications include new high pressure fiber-optic sensors as well as measurement of the transmission and/or reflection properties of solid or liquid materials under high hydrostatic pressure. The idea of a new high pressure sensor using highly birefringent bowtie type optical fiber is briefly out-lined.
Lomatiol. Part II. Its Occurrence, Constitution, Relation to and Conversion into Lapachol. Also a Synthesis of Lapachol.<sup>1,2</sup> (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLomatiol. Part II. Its Occurrence, Constitution, Relation to and Conversion into Lapachol. Also a Synthesis of Lapachol.1,2Samuel C. HookerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 7, 1181–1190Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01298a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01298a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simulation of Template Spectra for Scintillator Based Radionuclide Identification Devices Using GEANT4 (2006)

The performance of radioisotope identification devices (RID) for homeland security applications is strongly influenced by nuclide identification algorithms. The identiFINDERtrade exploits template matching - a technique correlating measured gamma ray energy spectra with a library of reference spectra (templates) stored in the device. Of course the template quality impacts the identification performance. Templates can be measured, but such a purely experimental approach is cumbersome and might be expensive, particularly for nuclides which are not always accessible. Therefore Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have been utilized for template generation. The GEANT4 toolkit provides the benefits of an open source program with easy access to appropriate material and radioactive decay data, considering all relevant physical processes. However, dedicated computing techniques had to be applied in order to obtain the necessary (statistical) accuracy at a justifiable computing time. The implemented models have also been used to study the influence of detector size and material, source mantling or matrix, and detector-source geometry on the measured gamma ray spectrum.
Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and ganciclovir suicide gene therapy for human pancreatic cancer (2004)

Our data demonstrate that HSV-TK/GCV suicide gene therapy system is effective for treating experimental human pancreatic cancer, which is largely resistant to the common therapies, so the suicide gene therapy system may be a potential treatment approach for pancreatic cancer.
Comparative Study of Various Latch-Type Sense Amplifiers (2013)

When the input voltage difference of a sense amplifier (SA) exceeds the offset voltage (VOS), the SA correctly detects it and outputs a large signal. However, when the input voltage is in a certain region, the SA can fail to sense the input voltage difference even if it is sufficiently large. This input voltage region is defined as the sensing dead zone of the SA. Because sensing dead zones differ depending on SAs and the input voltages to the SA differ depending on the memory devices, analyzing the sensing dead zone is very important. In this brief, we analyze the sensing dead zones of the most popular latch-type SAs: voltage- and current-latched SAs. Furthermore, a suitable latch-type SA scheme is suggested for various SA input voltages in terms of sensing delay, power consumption, and PDP, using a 65-nm predictive technology model at a VDD of 1.1 V.
Characterization of peptide-YY release in response to intracolonic infusion of amino acids. (1993)

Peptide-YY-(1-36) [PYY-(1-36)] is an endocrine peptide that is found primarily in the mucosal layer of the colon. We reported previously that a direct intracolonic (IC) infusion of amino acids in dogs resulted in a robust release of PYY compared to other nutrients (fat, glucose, and protein). The objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the release of PYY in response to IC infusion of amino acids. Intracolonic infusion of a mixture of tryptophan and phenylalanine (Trp+Phe; 100 mM; 200 ml/h) resulted in a significant release of PYY [integrated PYY release, 74.5 +/- 14.0 ng (0-120 min)/ml], which was not affected by iv atropine, hexamethonium, or propranolol treatment. Intravenous infusion of Trp+Phe failed to release PYY [integrated PYY release, -0.6 +/- 0.9 ng (0-120 min)/ml]. Intracolonic infusion of aromatic amino acids (Trp+Phe) was more potent in releasing PYY than aliphatic (leucine and glycine) and charged (arginine) amino acids. PYY release in response to IC infusion of the deamino and decarboxylated forms of Phe was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased [integrated PYY release, 17.5 +/- 2.6 and 12.1 +/- 2.8 ng (0-120 min)/ml, respectively] compared to that in response to intact Phe [integrated PYY release, 39.4 +/- 4.3 ng (0-120 min)/ml]. These results suggest that 1) PYY release in response to IC administered amino acids is independent of ganglionic, cholinergic, and beta-adrenergic transmission; 2) PYY release in response to IC amino acids is due to a direct contact of amino acids with the luminal pole of PYY cells in the colon and is not the result of a stimulatory action of amino acids via the general circulation; and 3) the amino and carboxylic groups of an amino acid as well as the ring structures of aromatic amino acids are structural requirements for PYY release.
Quality of service IP cabin infrastructure (2010)

Modern avionics industry spends much effort in cabin wiring due to the topics of reliability, complexity and configuration. This paper addresses an approach that replaces cabin communication infrastructure by standard Ethernet components without loss in reliability and a strong benefit in terms of simplicity and level of reuse. This paper shows analytically that necessary requirements will be satisfied. Furthermore, discrete event simulation techniques are used to model worst case scenarios.