gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Vesicles: Packages Sent With Complement (2018)

Cells communicate with other cells in their microenvironment by transferring lipids, peptides, RNA, and sugars in extracellular vesicles (EVs), thereby also influencing recipient cell functions. Several studies indicate that these vesicles are involved in a variety of critical cellular processes including immune, metabolic, and coagulatory responses and are thereby associated with several inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, EVs also possess anti-inflammatory properties and contribute to immune regulation, thus encouraging an emerging interest in investigating and clarifying mechanistic links between EVs and innate immunity. Current studies indicate complex interactions of the complement system with EVs, with a dramatic influence on local and systemic inflammation. During inflammatory conditions with highly activated complement, including after severe tissue trauma and during sepsis, elevated numbers of EVs were found in the circulation of patients. There is increasing evidence that these shed vesicles contain key complement factors as well as complement regulators on their surface, affecting inflammation and the course of disease. Taken together, interaction of EVs regulates complement activity and contributes to the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune balance. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this interaction remain elusive and require further investigation. The aim of this review is to summarize the limited current knowledge on the crosstalk between complement and EVs. A further aspect is the clinical relevance of EVs with an emphasis on their capacity as potential therapeutic vehicles in the field of translational medicine.
Isolation of<i>Stveptomyces</i>sp. Producing Glucose-tolerant<i>β</i>-Glucosidases and Properties of the Enzymes (1991)

Stveptomyces sp. No. 35, taxonomically closed to S. thermodiastaticus, was isolated from domestic soil. It showed β-glucosidase activity only in the cells. The enzyme synthesis was induced by cellobiose. Repeated DEAE-Toyopearl chromatography of a sonic extract of the cells showed three activity peaks, F1, F2, and F3, which were eluted in the relative amount of 50 :50:1 in this order by an NaCl concentration gradient. The enzymes were purified to homogeneity. Molecular weights of F1 F2, and F3 were 100,000, 105,000, and 130,000 by gel filtration, and 52,000, 50,000, and 52,000, respectively, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophesis. F1 and F2 hydrolyzed PNP-β-glucoside and cellobiose nearly at the same rate, while F3 hydrolyzed the former slightly. F1 and F2 were inhibited by glucose, giving Kis of 56 and 40 mm, respectively. On the other hand, F3 was activated twofold by 0.1 m glucose and inhibited 50% by 1 m glucose. Xylose also similarly activated F3. All the enzymes had β-galactosidase activities. The β-galactosidase activity of F3 was not activated by any compounds tested, but rather inhibited by glucose and d-arabinose.
Conceptualization and Multiobjective Optimization of the Electric System of an Airborne Wind Turbine (2013)

Airborne wind turbines (AWTs) represent a radically new and fascinating concept for future harnessing of wind power. This concept consists of realizing only the blades of a conventional wind turbine (CWT) in the form of a power kite flying at high speed perpendicular to the wind. On the kite are mounted a turbine, an electrical generator, and a power electronics converter. The electric power generated is transmitted via a medium voltage cable to the ground. Because of the high flight speed of the power kite, several times the actual wind speed, only a very small swept area of the turbine is required according to Betz's Law and/or a turbine of low weight for the generation of a given electric power. Moreover, because of the high turbine rotational speed, no gear transmission is necessary and the size of the generator is also reduced. For takeoff and landing of the power kite, the turbines act as propellers and the generators as motors, i.e., electric power is supplied so that the system can be maneuvered like a helicopter. In the present work, the configuration of power electronics converters for the implementation of a 100 kW AWT is considered. The major aspect here is the trade-off between power-to-weight ratio (W/kg) and efficiency. The dependence of cable weight and cable losses on the voltage level of power transmission is investigated, and a comparison is made between low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) versions of generators. Furthermore, the interdependence of the weight and efficiency of a bidirectional dual active bridge dc-dc converter for coupling the rectified output voltage of a LV generator to the MV cable is discussed. On the basis of this discussion, the concept offering the best possible compromise of weight and efficiency in the power electronics system is selected and a model of the control behavior is derived for both the power flow directions. A control structure is then proposed and dimensioned. Furthermore, questions of electromagnetic compatibility and electrical safety are treated. In conclusion, the essential results of this paper are summarized, and an outlook on future research is given. To enable the reader to make simplified calculations and a comparison of a CWT with an AWT, the aerodynamic fundamentals of both the systems are summarized in highly simplified form in an Appendix, and numerical values are given for the 100 kW system discussed in this paper.
Alley Cropping: An Agroforestry Practice (1999)

Alley cropping is an agroforestry practice intended to place trees within agricultural cropland systems. The purpose is to enhance or add income diversity (both long and short range), reduce wind and water erosion, improve crop production, improve utilization of nutrients, improve wildlife habitat or aesthetics, and/or convert cropland to forest. The practice is especially attractive to landowners wishing to add economic stability to their farming system while protecting soil from erosion, water from contamination, and improving wildlife habitat.
Food Composition and Analysis (1987)

There is an increasing demand for food technologists who are not only familiar with the practical aspects of food processing and mer chandising but who are also well grounded in chemistry as it relate
Role of Fatty Acid Composition in the Development of Metabolic Disorders in Sucrose-Induced Obese Rats (2004)

Fatty acids have been shown to be involved in the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity. We used sucrose loading in rats to analyze changes in fatty acid composition in the progression of obesity and the related metabolic disorder. Although rats fed a sucrose diet for 4 weeks had body weights similar to those of control animals, their visceral fat pads were significantly larger, and serum triglyceride levels were higher; however, neither plasma glucose nor insulin levels were significantly higher. After 20 weeks of sucrose loading, body weight and visceral and subcutaneous fat pads had increased significantly compared with those in control rats. Moreover, plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher. An analysis of individual fatty acid components in the blood and peripheral tissues demonstrated phase- and tissue-dependent changes. After 20 weeks of sucrose loading, palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7) and oleic acid (18:1 n-9), the major components of monounsaturated fatty acid, showed a ubiquitous increase in plasma and all tissues analyzed. In contrast, linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6), the major components of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the n-6 family, decreased in plasma and all tissues analyzed. After 4 weeks of sucrose loading, these changes in fatty acid composition were observed only in the liver and plasma and not in fat and muscle. This led us to conclude that elevation of plasma glucose and insulin develop at the late phase of sucrose-induced obesity, when changes in fatty acid composition appear in fat and muscle. Furthermore, changes in fatty acid composition in liver seen after 4 weeks of sucrose loading, when increases in neither plasma glucose nor insulin were detected, suggest that liver may be the initial site of fatty acid imbalance and that aberrations in hepatic fatty acid composition may lead to fatty acid imbalances in other tissues.
$p$-Laplacian Based Graph Neural Networks (2021)

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated superior performance for semi-supervised node classification on graphs, as a result of their ability to exploit node features and topological information simultaneously. However, most GNNs implicitly assume that the labels of nodes and their neighbors in a graph are the same or consistent, which does not hold in heterophilic graphs, where the labels of linked nodes are likely to differ. Hence, when the topology is non-informative for label prediction, ordinary GNNs may work significantly worse than simply applying multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) on each node. To tackle the above problem, we propose a new $p$-Laplacian based GNN model, termed as $^p$GNN, whose message passing mechanism is derived from a discrete regularization framework and could be theoretically explained as an approximation of a polynomial graph filter defined on the spectral domain of $p$-Laplacians. The spectral analysis shows that the new message passing mechanism works simultaneously as low-pass and high-pass filters, thus making $^p$GNNs are effective on both homophilic and heterophilic graphs. Empirical studies on real-world and synthetic datasets validate our findings and demonstrate that $^p$GNNs significantly outperform several state-of-the-art GNN architectures on heterophilic benchmarks while achieving competitive performance on homophilic benchmarks. Moreover, $^p$GNNs can adaptively learn aggregation weights and are robust to noisy edges.
Chemical derivatives of synthetic isoprene rubbers (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical derivatives of synthetic isoprene rubbersJ. D. D'Ianni, F. J. Naples, J. W. Marsh, and J. L. ZarneyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 11, 1171–1181Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50443a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50443a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Bending and Unwinding of Nucleic Acid by Prion Protein (2007)

Nucleic acid induces conformational changes in the prion protein (23-231 amino acids) to a structure resembling its pathological isoform. The prion protein, in turn, facilitates DNA strand transfer and acts as a DNA chaperone which is modulated by the N-terminal unstructured basic segment of the protein. Here we have studied the prion protein induced conformational changes in DNA using oligonucleotides covalently labeled with the energy donor fluorescein and the acceptor rhodamine moieties by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and by thermal stability of the unlabeled oligonucleotides. The protein induces a strong FRET effect in the oligonucleotides evidenced from the simultaneous quenching of fluorescence intensity of the donor and increase in the fluorescence intensity of the acceptor, which indicate bending of the oligonucleotides by the prion protein. The energy transfer efficiency induced by the protein is greater for the larger oligonucleotide. The prion protein also induces significant structural destabilization of the oligonucleotides observed from the lowering of their melting temperatures in the presence of the protein. The truncated globular prion protein 121-231 fragment neither induces FRET effect on the oligonucleotides nor destabilizes their structures, indicating that the N-terminal segment of the prion protein is essential for the DNA bending process. Equilibrium binding and kinetics of FRET show that the protein binding to the oligonucleotides and their bending occur simultaneously. The DNA structural changes observed in the presence of the prion protein are similar to those caused by proteins involved in initiation and regulation for protein synthesis.
Water and Moisture Susceptibility of Chitosan and Paper-Based Materials: Structure–Property Relationships (2007)

Environmentally friendly and potentially bioactive food packaging based on chitosan-coated papers were elaborated. The morphology and the microstructure of these new materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. These observations suggested that the chitosan penetrated deeply into the paper, embedding the cellulose fibers, instead of forming a layer as expected. Through the barrier properties against moisture, the liquid water sensitivity, and NMR-relaxometry measurements, the water interactions were evaluated on the chitosan films and the chitosan-coated papers. They revealed that the coating by a chitosan film forming solution improved the paper moisture barrier properties but the surface hydrophilicity remained high. Relaxometry studies showed that, due to its hydrophilic character, chitosan controlled the interaction with water, despite the very low amount of deposit. On the other hand, the mechanical properties of papers were unmodified by the chitosan coating, which did not fundamentally affect the solid structure of the papers.
Intraurethral Transfer of Satellite Cells by Myofiber Implants Results in the Formation of Innervated Myotubes Exerting Tonic Contractions (2007)

Urethral implantation of myofibers regenerates as myotubes that exert tonic activity under neural control. This has potential clinical value as a means to create an additional striated urethral sphincter.
Exploring Direct 3D Interaction for Full Horizontal Parallax Light Field Displays Using Leap Motion Controller (2015)

This paper reports on the design and evaluation of direct 3D gesture interaction with a full horizontal parallax light field display. A light field display defines a visual scene using directional light beams emitted from multiple light sources as if they are emitted from scene points. Each scene point is rendered individually resulting in more realistic and accurate 3D visualization compared to other 3D displaying technologies. We propose an interaction setup combining the visualization of objects within the Field Of View (FOV) of a light field display and their selection through freehand gesture tracked by the Leap Motion Controller. The accuracy and usefulness of the proposed interaction setup was also evaluated in a user study with test subjects. The results of the study revealed high user preference for free hand interaction with light field display as well as relatively low cognitive demand of this technique. Further, our results also revealed some limitations and adjustments of the proposed setup to be addressed in future work.
Clinical Potential of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> Mediated Delivery of Human Interleukin-10 and Trefoil Factors (2006)

Systemic treatment with infliximab, a monoclonal antibody that binds TNFα is among the most potent therapies for Crohn's disease. Despite initial successes with intravenous addition of IL-10, this treatment was abandoned in later trials. Both treatments suffered a serious drawback from the fact that they had to be administered systemically and thus caused potentially serious side effects. We used two mouse models for IBD to evaluate the efficacy of L. lactis mediated topical delivery of IL-10. In the Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis intragastric administration of mIL-10-secreting L. lactis led to a 50% reduction in inflammation. Also, daily administration of the engineered strain prevented the onset of colitis, normally associated with the IL-10 knockout genotype. In both models, the effect was strictly dependent on delivery of live bacteria. We engineered a strain exhibiting biological containment. To this end, the thymidilate synthase (thyA) gene of L. lactis was replaced with a synthetic human IL-10 gene. ThyA-deficient bacteria are suicidal in the absence of thymine or thymidine and therefore cannot accumulate in the environment. A limited clinical trail in Crohn's patients under physical containment proved that the treatment was safe, the biological containment strategy was effective and the results obtained suggested a clinical effect. In contrast to oral administration of purified protein, intragastric administration of Trefoil factor-secreting L. lactis was very effective in prevention and healing of acute DSS colitis. In addition this approach was successful in improving established chronic colitis in IL-10 knockout mice.
Slow Internal Dynamics in Proteins:  Application of NMR Relaxation Dispersion Spectroscopy to Methyl Groups in a Cavity Mutant of T4 Lysozyme (2002)

Recently developed carbon transverse relaxation dispersion experiments (Skrynnikov, N. R.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 4556-4566) were applied to the study of millisecond to microsecond time scale motions in a cavity mutant of T4 lysozyme (L99A) using methyl groups as probes of dynamics. Protein expressed in E. coli cells with (13)CH(3)-pyruvate as the sole carbon source contained high levels of (13)C enrichment at a total of 80 Val gamma, Leu delta, Ile gamma (2), Ala beta, and Met epsilon methyl positions with little extraneous incorporation. Data for 72 methyl groups were available for analysis. Dispersion profiles with large amplitudes were measured for many of these residues and were well fit to a two-state exchange model. The interconversion rates and populations of the states, obtained from fitting relaxation dispersion profiles of each individual probe, were remarkably homogeneous and data for nearly all methyl groups in the protein could be collectively fit to a single cooperative conformational transition. The present study demonstrates the general applicability of methyl relaxation dispersion measurements for the investigation of millisecond time scale protein motions at a large number of side-chain positions. Potential artifacts associated with the experiments are described and methods to minimize their effects presented. These experiments should be particularly well suited for probing dynamics in high molecular weight systems due to the favorable NMR spectroscopic properties of methyl groups.
Chromatic dispersion of erbium-doped silica fibres (1992)

The chromatic dispersion of Er3+-doped silica fibres has been measured in the wavelength range 1.2–1.7 μm. The fibre cores were codoped with GeO2, Al2O3, P2O5, or a combination of these. It is found that the chromatic dispersion is strongly changed compared to standard singlemode fibres, due to the large amount of codopants which leads to a higher index difference, and due to the small core diameters of Er3+-doped fibres.
The Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of the Triketone HPPD Herbicides (2000)

The 2-benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-diones, the triketones, are a novel class of bleaching herbicides whose mode of action is the inhibition of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of this chemical class are discussed.
Combined air humidity and flow CMOS microsensor with on-chip 15 bit sigma-delta A/D interface (2002)

In this paper we present a batch fabricated multi-sensor chip for building control applications. A capacitive relative humidity sensor and a thermoelectric gas flow sensor have been integrated on a single chip together with a second order sigma-delta A/D converter, achieving 15 bit resolution. Both sensors are connected to the same sigma-delta modulator, without requiring any additional readout circuit. We report experimental results on a prototype realized with a commercial 2 /spl mu/m CMOS process.
Downgrading policies and relaxed noninterference (2005)

In traditional information-flow type systems, the security policy is often formalized as noninterference properties. However, noninterference alone is too strong to express security properties useful in practice. If we allow downgrading in such systems, it is challenging to formalize the security policy as an extensional property of the system.This paper presents a generalized framework of downgrading policies. Such policies can be specified in a simple and tractable language and can be statically enforced by mechanisms such as type systems. The security guarantee is then formalized as a concise extensional property using program equivalences. This relaxed noninterference generalizes traditional pure noninterference and precisely characterizes the information released due to downgrading.
Convex Growth Arrest for Progressive Congenital Scoliosis Due to Hemivertebrae (1988)

Thirteen patients with progressive congenital scoliosis due to hemivertebrae or hemivertebrae associated with other spinal anomalies were treated by convex anterior and posterior hemiarthrodesis and hemiepiphysiodesis. The average curve prior to operation was 46 degrees, average age was 3 years 6 months, and average followup was 6 years 6 months. One patient failed because of an inadequate length of anterior surgery which was successfully salvaged by further surgery. Twelve patients were successes: Seven had only cessation of the progressive curve, and five had progressive curve improvement greater than or equal to 5 degrees due to the arrested convex and persistent concave growth. This procedure is a valuable treatment modality for selected patients with congenital scoliosis.
Low temperature Au-Au surface-activated bonding using nitrogen atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment for optical microsystems (2015)

This study investigated the effect of nitrogen (N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) atmospheric-pressure (AP) plasma treatment on the Au-Au bonding property. Surface analysis using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after AP plasma treatment with different gases: N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Ar+O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> was performed. In the case of Ar+O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> AP plasma treatment, the oxidation of the Au surface (Au <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) was detected by the chemical shift of the 4f levels in XPS spectra. In contrast, no oxidation of Au surfaces was observed after N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> AP plasma treatment. N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> AP plasma treatment was effective in improving the bondability between Au/Au compared with Ar+O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> AP plasma treatment (bonding temperature: 150°C).