gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Commercialization of genetically engineered crops (1993)

More abundant harvests from insect- and disease-resistant crops, vine-ripened tomatoes, or less oily potato chips or french fries are some of the benefits that will result from single gene improvements under development today. These single gene traits will be combined with the best new varieties produced by traditional plant breeding and will accelerate the pace and the scope of our ability to develop even better and more productive crops in the future. The initial group of genetic improvements were first field tested in 1987, improved upon over the past 6 years, and are finally approaching the first commercial sales over the next 3 to 4 years. The key hurdles from discovery of a promising lead to a commercial product trait include: (i) gene cloning and expression; (ii) product development; (iii) field testing; (iv) breeding into multiple elite varieties; (v) product characterization and regulatory review; (vi) public acceptance; and (vii) marketing. The expense and risk to bring transformed crops to market successfully is significantly higher than for traditionally developed new varieties. The high value of some single gene targets and the possibility for patent protection of the processes and final products provide the incentive for private investment in this area. The value to farmers, consumers, the environment and society in general is very high because the problems being solved are those that have resisted previous attempts through conventional means. Public investment in basic plant science research and private investment in product development is a powerful combination for continual improvement in lowering the cost and improving the quality of the world's food supply.
Design, fabrication, and performance of preferential-order volume grating waveguide couplers (2000)

Both a nonfocusing and a focusing preferential-order volume grating waveguide coupler were designed, fabricated, and tested. These volume grating couplers are designed to outcouple a 633-nm wave guided in an adjacent polyimide waveguide film. The slanted-fringe volume gratings are recorded holographically by the interference of two 364-nm waves. The dynamics of the holographic photopolymer HRF600X001 are investigated in relation to the interaction with the guided wave. The fabricated couplers exhibited a preferential coupling of 98%, a spatial coupling rate of 3.6 mm(-1), and a coupling efficiency of 95%. The focusing grating coupler focused the outcoupled beam to a focal line with a full width at half-maximum of 10.49 microm located 25 mm above the grating.
Pressureless Sintering of 3Y‐TZP/Stainless‐Steel Composite Layers (2008)

A pressureless sintering method was utilized to fabricate metal/ceramic joints out of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (3Y‐TZP) and stainless steels (SS). Ultrafine (150 nm) and nanoscale (75 nm) 3Y‐TZP particles and micrometric 17‐4PH, 316L, and 420 SS (<31 μm) powders were tested. Isothermal and nonisothermal sintering behaviors of the powders and composite layers in hydrogen, argon, and vacuum atmospheres were examined. It was found that the mismatch strain between the zirconia ceramic and SS during cosintering is significant, which leads to bond cracking and joint failure. Nevertheless, interlayer diffusion of Zr, Fe, and Cr and the formation of a reaction zone, particularly during vacuum sintering, enables an accommodation of the residual stresses caused by the mismatch shrinkage upon cooling. The formation of a porous region close to the metal layer was observed. Sinter joining of zirconia to 420 SS is more successful compared with austenitic steel because of a lower difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion.
A machine learning method to identify and remove reflection artifacts in photoacoustic channel data (2017)

Photoacoustic imaging is often used to visualize point-like targets, including circular cross sections of small cylindrical implants like brachytherapy seeds as well as circular cross sections of metal needles. When imaging these pointlike targets in the presence of highly echogenic structures, the resulting image will suffer due to reflection artifacts which appear as true signals in the traditional beamformed image. We propose to use machine learning methods to identify these types of noise artifacts for removal. A deep convolutional neural network was trained to locate and classify source and reflection artifacts in photoacoustic channel data simulated in k-Wave. Simulated channel data contained one source and one artifact with varying target locations, medium sound speeds, and -3dB channel noise. In testing 3,998 simulated images, we achieved a 99.1% and 98.8% success rate in classifying sources and artifacts, respectively, while obtaining a misclassification rate below 3.1%, where a misclassification was defined as a source or artifact detected as an artifact or source, respectively. The network, which was only trained on simulated data, was then transferred to experimental data with 100% source classification accuracy and 0.40 mm mean source location accuracy. These results are promising as they show that a network trained with only simulated data can distinguish experimental sources and artifacts in photoacoustic channel data and display this information in a novel artifact-free image format.
Salt-Tolerance of Fresh-Water Fish Groups in Relation to Zoogeographical Problems (1949)

The distribution of fresh-water fishes like that of other groups, has been widely utilized by zoogeographers, but with widely divergent acumen and success. At one extreme are those non-ichthyologists who have uncritically utilized for evidence certain groups whose distribution happens to support whatever theory they may be espousing. At the other extreme is the work of careful ichthyologists like DE BEAUFORT (1913) and REGAN (1922) whose thorough knowledge of the groups with which they are working demands the most careful consideration of their conclusions. However, no zoogeographer who utilizes the evidence of diverse groups can be familiar at first hand with all of them, and the difficulty facing such workers is that of seeking out the really dependable evidence in those groups he does not know well. Aside from the difficulty of selecting dependable authorities or systematic works, the zoogeographer desiring to use the evidence of fresh-water fishes has another troublesome matter to contend with. This is the differing tolerance of salt-water exhibited by different groups of fresh-water fishes. As one example, and one which has frequently troubled zoogeographers, we may mention the Galaxiidae, fresh-water fishes of Southern South America, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, whose distribution has been held by some to be evidence for continental drift or southern intercontinental land-bridges. Ichthyologists now know that these fishes are, as a group, salt-tolerant and possibly either anadromous or catadromous, and that they are not really strong evidence for continental connections simply because it seems possible that they may cross ocean barriers.
Catalytic asymmetric induction. Highly enantioselective addition of dialkylzincs to aldehydes using chiral pyrrolidinylmethanols and their metal salts (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic asymmetric induction. Highly enantioselective addition of dialkylzincs to aldehydes using chiral pyrrolidinylmethanols and their metal saltsKenso Soai, Atsuhiro Ookawa, Tatsuya Kaba, and Kazuo OgawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 23, 7111–7115Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00257a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00257a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2051Altmetric-Citations306LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The minitrack tracking function description, volume 1 (1973)

The minitrack tracking function is described and specific operations are identified. The subjects discussed are: (1) preprocessor listing, (2) minitrack hardware, (3) system calibration, (4) quadratic listing, and (5) quadratic flow diagram. Detailed information is provided on the construction of the tracking system and its operation. The calibration procedures are supported by mathematical models to show the application of the computer programs.
64-Pixel solid state CMOS compatible ultrasonic fingerprint reader (2017)

We report on a 1D linear array of GHz ultrasonic transducers as an ultrasonic impedance imager for fingerprint sensing. This device is based on an all solid state aluminum nitride (AlN) transducer array that eliminates the need for released membranes. Compared to lower frequency (10-50 MHz) ultrasonic sensors, our device uses GHz ultrasonic pulses, generated by driving AlN pixel transducers at resonance with 1.3 GHz RF pulses at a CMOS compatible voltage of 2V. In addition to faster acquisition speed, GHz ultrasonic imaging enables much higher resolution owing to the smaller wavelength by phase driving several pixels. From noise levels of signals and point measurements, we estimate that the ultimate single point resolution possible for the sensor is 15-20 um or ~1700 dpi.
Exploring Curvature (1996)

. . . one should not be too ready to erect a wall of separation between nature and the human mind. d'Alembert [Dugas (1955)] It is possible to present mathematics in a purely fonnal way, that is to sa
Efficient Hsp90-independent in Vitro Activation by Hsc70 and Hsp40 of Duck Hepatitis B Virus Reverse Transcriptase, an Assumed Hsp90 Client Protein (2003)

Hsp90 is a specialized chaperone that controls the activity of many key regulator proteins such as steroid hormone receptors (SHRs). Hormone binding, and therefore SHR activation, requires Hsp90, which is loaded onto the receptors by a series of events involving Hsp70, Hsp40, Hop, and p23. The reverse transcriptase (RT) of hepatitis B viruses, small DNA-containing viruses that replicate via an RNA intermediate, has been reported to depend similarly on Hsp90 for enzymatic activity. Using an in vitro reconstitution system consisting of recombinant duck hepatitis B virus RT, purified chaperones, and the authentic RNA template Depsilon, we demonstrate here that this RT can be activated efficiently by just Hsp40 and Hsc70 plus energy, without the need for Hsp90 or other cofactors. The reaction appears to proceed selectively with the Hdj1 variant of Hsp40 but not Hdj2 or its yeast homolog Ydj1. The primary reaction product is a metastable, RNA binding-competent intermediate that decays quickly in the absence of its cognate RNA but, in its presence, accumulates in an initiation-competent form over several hours. Because deletion of the RNase H domain rendered the protein partly chaperone-independent, the chaperones may be needed indirectly to relieve occlusion of the RNA binding site by this domain. Our results do not exclude that other factors contribute to RT activation in vivo, but they challenge a fundamental SHR-like dependence on Hsp90. Thus Hsc70, mostly known for its role in general protein folding, is able to effect activation of a highly specialized target protein.
In Vitro Comparative Studies of the Calcium-Entry Activators YC-170, CGP 28392, and BAY K 8644 (1985)

Recently, the novel dihydropyridine derivates YC-170, CGP 28392, and BAY K 8644 have been reported to act in the opposite way to Ca2+-entry blockers. We have found that these compounds inhibit the binding of [3H]nitrendipine on guinea pig heart membranes (Ki: 6 nM BAY K 8644, 115 nM CGP 28392 and 690 nM YC-170). Like those of nifedipine (Ki 1 nM), the curves had slopes close to unity, and, unlike those of some nondihydropryridine Ca2+ antagonists, were not altered in the presence of diltiazem, indicating a competitive interaction at dihydropyridine-sensitive sites. In isolated guinea pig atria, these agents exerted positively inotropic effects similar in their potency ratio to those observed in the binding experiments (BAY K 8644 1, CGP 28392 1:17, YC-170 1:600). The maximum inotropic effects of BAY K 8644 and CGP 28392, and of YC-170 corresponded respectively to two-thirds and one-third of those induced by isoprenaline or extracellular Ca2+. In the isolated rat mesenteric artery, perfused with a depolarizing solution, vasoconstrictor Ca2+ dose-response curves are shifted to the right by nifedipine. By contrast, BAY K 8644 and CGP 28392 caused a distinct leftward shift of the Ca2+ dose-response curves, at concentrations of 3-300 nM and 30-300 nM, respectively, and YC-170 a marginal shift at concentrations of 200-2000 nM, i.e., similar ranges to their inhibitory effects on [3H]nitrendipine binding. At higher concentrations, all three compounds produced Ca2+-antagonistic effects. These results indicate that the compounds act at dihydropyridine-sensitive sites and exert partial agonistic activities in vascular and myocardial tissue.
Prostaglandin E2 stimulates cyclic AMP-mediated hyaluronan synthesis in rabbit pericardial mesothelial cells (1993)

We studied the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on hyaluronan synthesis in rabbit pericardial mesothelial cells, and the following results were obtained. (1) PGE2 (10-1000 ng/ml) stimulated hyaluronan synthesis and the level of hyaluronan synthase activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but PGF2 alpha did not. (2) Cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in the cells peaked (about a 7-fold increase) at 5-10 min after adding PGE2 (1000 ng/ml). (3) Increased hyaluronan synthesis induced by PGE2 was significantly inhibited after pretreatment with either an adenylate cyclase inhibitor (2',5'-dideoxyadenosine) or a cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor (PKI 5-24), but there was no inhibition with the protein kinase C inhibitor H-7. (4) When the intracellular cAMP level was raised by manipulating the levels of dibutyryl cyclic AMP or forskolin, hyaluronan synthesis and the level of hyaluronan synthase activity were also stimulated. These results suggest that PGE2 produced by cells stimulates hyaluronan synthesis in rabbit pericardial cells and that the stimulation mechanism involves the cAMP-mediated protein kinase signal transduction process.
Enhancement of magnetic properties by nitrogen implantation to Mn-implanted <i>p</i>-type GaN (2004)

N and Mn ions were co-implanted into p-type GaN and subsequently annealed at 700–900 °C. Compared with Mn-implanted sample, the (Mn+N)-implanted sample revealed a larger ferromagnetic signal. This was attributed to the increase of Ga–Mn magnetic phases. Mn–N compounds, such as Mn6N2.58 and Mn3N2, decreased and the resistivity significantly increased, meaning a reduction of N vacancies. It is suggested that enhancement in ferromagnetic properties in the (Mn+N)-implanted GaN originated from the reduction of N vacancies and the increase of Ga–Mn magnetic phases.
Fingolimod and Risk of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Ablation of atrial fibrillation with mitral valve surgery (2005)

In mitral valve patients with atrial fibrillation of more than 6 months' duration, the operative strategy should include both mitral valve surgery and ablation of atrial fibrillation. In many cases, these procedures can be performed minimally invasively. Refinements in mapping and ablation technology are on the horizon, and these will facilitate more widespread application of minimally invasive approaches and further improve results.
Comparing travel time performance-based measures to assess the effect of a freeway road construction project on freeway and connecting arterial street links (2021)

A road construction project has a significant effect on traffic congestion and operational performance of the project corridor and connecting street links. However, not many researchers focused on travel time performance-based measures to assess the effect of a road construction project on the project corridor and connecting street links. Therefore, travel time data for a freeway road resurfacing project on 100 links within its vicinity were gathered and processed to assess the effect on freeway and connecting arterial street links. A paired t-test was used to examine the differences in means between the before and during road resurfacing project period travel time performance-based measures. There is a significant difference in travel time performance-based measures before and during the road resurfacing project period on freeway links and connecting arterial links. Their significance varied by the time-of-the-day and day-of-the-week on the freeway and connecting arterial links. The average travel time, planning time, and travel time index can consistently explain the effect of a road resurfacing (construction) project on transportation system performance when compared to buffer time and buffer time index. The findings can be used to enhance temporary traffic control practices in the vicinity of road construction projects.
Genetic Analysis of a Chromosomal Region Containing <i>vanA</i> and <i>vanB</i> , Genes Required for Conversion of Either Ferulate or Vanillate to Protocatechuate in <i>Acinetobacter</i> (1999)

VanA and VanB form an oxygenative demethylase that converts vanillate to protocatechuate in microorganisms. Ferulate, an abundant phytochemical, had been shown to be metabolized through a vanillate intermediate in several Pseudomonas isolates, and biochemical evidence had indicated that vanillate also is an intermediate in ferulate catabolism by Acinetobacter. Genetic evidence supporting this conclusion was obtained by characterization of mutant Acinetobacter strains blocked in catabolism of both ferulate and vanillate. Cloned Acinetobacter vanA and vanB were shown to be members of a chromosomal segment remote from a supraoperonic cluster containing other genes required for completion of the catabolism of ferulate and its structural analogs, caffeate and coumarate, through protocatechuate. The nucleotide sequence of DNA containing vanA and vanB demonstrated the presence of genes that, on the basis of nucleotide sequence similarity, appeared to be associated with transport of aromatic compounds, metabolism of such compounds, or iron scavenging. Spontaneous deletion of 100 kb of DNA containing this segment does not impede the growth of cells with simple carbon sources other than vanillate or ferulate. Additional spontaneous mutations blocking vanA and vanB expression were shown to be mediated by IS1236, including insertion of the newly discovered composite transposon Tn5613. On the whole, vanA and vanB appear to be located within a nonessential genetic region that exhibits considerable genetic malleability in Acinetobacter. The overall organization of genes neighboring Acinetobacter vanA and vanB, including a putative transcriptional regulatory gene that is convergently transcribed and overlaps vanB, is conserved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa but has undergone radical rearrangement in other Pseudomonas species.
Application of QCM DNA biosensor to detect a marine derived pathogenic virus VHSV (2009)

Each year infectious diseases cause substantial economic losses for public and commercial aquaculture ventures. VHS is one of most serious viral diseases caused by VHSV and damaging both fresh and marine fish species (Skall et al., 2005). Detecting VHSV has been dependent on the conventional methods which are time consuming and need highly skilled techniques (Skall et al., 2005). Thus this study aims to apply a sensitive QCM biosensor for detecting VHSV infection in fish to reduce detection time. Quartz micro balance (QCM) biosensors are working by measuring mass changes on sensor chip surfaces (Clark et al., 1987). Biological pathogens can be attached to the receptors immobilized surface of the biosensor chip and form an absorbed rigid thin film. This absorbed rigid films leads to the mass change of the electrodes and this mass changes leads to the change in the resonant frequency of the biosensor chip material. The receptors to detect pathogens can be any substances specifically binding ligands. Normally antibodies can be used as a receptor to detect pathogens but it has limitations as a protein which is unstable in ambient environment and in regeneration process. Recently researchers are seeking more stable receptors for example peptides, DNA, PNA, aptamers, and so on (Minunni et al., 2003, Tombelli et al., 2006). In this study we tried to develop a QCM DNA sensor to detect VHSV genome consisted by single strand RNA. We targeted to detect a main gene in VHSV genome i.e. G protein and constructed a probe specific for VHSV G protein RNA. We also attempted three different methods to immobilize probe DNA on quartz surface coated with gold: immobilization of thiol labelled probe DNA on naked gold surface (Tombelli et al., 2006), immobilization of amino labelled probe DNA on gold surface prepared as carboxyl chip using MPA followed by EDC/NHS activation, and immobilization of biotin labelled probe DNA on gold surface after immobilising avidin on carboxyl chip prior to biotin (Aung et al., 2008). As a result, immobilization method using avidin-biotin interaction was most efficient to detect target DNA. The QCM biosensor chip was