gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alice Kipling as a Journalist (2020)

This chapter introduces and assesses Alice Kipling’s journalism for the Season in 1892, when she wrote the social letter column from Simla for the Madras Mail, as she had done for several other newspapers in India since the early 1880s. It focuses on Alice’s Simla, whilst being fully aware that Rudyard Kipling presents Simla in Plain Tales from his perspective: “all the life that fizzes in/The Everlasting Hills”. Alice often cited the precarious nature of the journey to Simla, some 168 miles from Lahore, and the poor roads that had to be traversed via tonga from Kalka over four or five days with all the provisions, clothes and servants necessary for the extended stay. Alice’s interest in the arts also makes itself felt in her visual language. In her writing she paints pictures of life in Simla, as, for example, when she commented on the state of the roads.
Nanostructured target fabrication with metal and semiconductor nanoparticles (2015)

The development of ultra-intense high-energy (≫1 J) short (<1 ps) laser pulses in the last decade hasenabled the acceleration of high-energy short-pulse proton beams. A key parameter for enhancing theacceleration regime is the laser-to-target absorption, which heavily depends on the target structureand material. In this work, we present the realization of a nanostructured target with a sub-laserwavelength nano-layer in the front surface as a possible candidate for improving the absorption. Thenanostructuredfilm was realized by a simpler and cheaper method than using conventionallithographic techniques: A colloidal solution of metallic or semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) wasproduced by laser ablation and, after a heating and sonication process, was spray-dried on the frontsurface of an aluminum target. The obtained nanostructuredfilm with a thickness of 1μm appears, atmorphological and chemical analysis, uniformly nanostructured and distributed on the target surfacewithout the presence of oxides or external contaminants. Finally, the size of the NPs can be tuned fromtens to hundreds of nanometers simply by varying the growth parameters (i.e., irradiation time,fluence, and laser beam energy)
The Production and Use of Variable-Transmittance Sinusoidal Test Objects (1963)

Test objects that vary sinusoidally in transmittance have been made by photographing variable-width sinusoidal test objects with cylindrical optics and printing the negative in such a way that the over-all gamma of the negative-positive combination is approximately unity. A gray scale is included with the test-object array and serves to calibrate the various levels carried through the systems that are tested. Methods of use are described and a practical example is given.
The fainting patient: value of the head-upright tilt-table test in adult patients with orthostatic intolerance. (2001)

The head-upright tilt-table (HUT) test is used primarily for the investigation of orthostatic symptoms. Although this test is frequently the gold standard for the evaluation of neurocardiogenic syncope, dysautonomia and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, there is a debate over its diagnostic value and method. The authors review the physiologic basis of the HUT test, the method, patterns of response, indications and contraindications, and diagnostic validity. Despite its limitations, the HUT test is useful in patients with a variety of clinical manifestations induced by orthostatism. It is most useful in documenting objective measures of orthostatic hypertension that cannot be obtained in a clinical setting.
Factors influencing the food preference of cats (2001)

Four individual preference tests were carried out using the same 10 castrated adult cats. The main questions investigated were: (i) do the cats prefer diets having one dominant taste or diets made from a relatively wide range of compounds of animal origin and (ii) can the preference be connected to one taste? In test 1 a dry diet (K) made by a world-renowned company having a beef taste was compared with four others (I, II, III, IV) dry foods prepared at the authors' institute in order to prevent any one of the mixtures having a predominant taste. In test 2 diets I, II, III and IV were compared with each other in the absence of diet K. In test 3 another four diets with different dominant tastes (fish, liver, poultry with fat addition and poultry without fat addition) were investigated. In test 4 the same three tastes (beef, fish and poultry) were compared with each other by using diets of three world-renowned companies. From the results the following conclusions can be drawn. Cats undoubtedly use smell in the detection and selection of food. If cats find the odour of a certain food is significantly more attractive than that of the other, they will consume it exclusively and without tasting the less attractive food. If none of the diets are especially attractive, according to smell, cats will also taste the foods and make their decision on the basis of both senses. Diets having one dominant taste result in a higher feed intake than that reached by diets without a dominant taste. If a diet is manufactured well, its dominant taste may have less effect on diet consumption. Food preference does not seem to be connected to one exclusive taste but is significantly influenced by other factors connected to the manufacturing of the diets.
Short-Term Variability of Respiration and Sleep During Unattended Nonlaboratory Polysomnography—The Sleep Heart Health Study (2002)

In the Sleep Heart Health Study, accurate estimates of the severity of sleep-disordered breathing and the quality of sleep were obtained from a single night of unattended nonlaboratory polysomnography. These findings may be applicable to other large epidemiologic studies provided that similar recording techniques and quality-assurance procedures are followed.
Particle Emissions from a Marine Engine: Chemical Composition and Aromatic Emission Profiles under Various Operating Conditions (2014)

The chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a medium-speed four-stroke marine engine, operated on both heavy fuel oil (HFO) and distillate fuel (DF), was studied under various operating conditions. PM emission factors for organic matter, elemental carbon (soot), inorganic species and a variety of organic compounds were determined. In addition, the molecular composition of aromatic organic matter was analyzed using a novel coupling of a thermal-optical carbon analyzer with a resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) mass spectrometer. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were predominantly present in an alkylated form, and the composition of the aromatic organic matter in emissions clearly resembled that of fuel. The emissions of species known to be hazardous to health (PAH, Oxy-PAH, N-PAH, transition metals) were significantly higher from HFO than from DF operation, at all engine loads. In contrast, DF usage generated higher elemental carbon emissions than HFO at typical load points (50% and 75%) for marine operation. Thus, according to this study, the sulfur emission regulations that force the usage of low-sulfur distillate fuels will also substantially decrease the emissions of currently unregulated hazardous species. However, the emissions of soot may even increase if the fuel injection system is optimized for HFO operation.
Plasmonic Modes of Metallic Semishells in a Polymer Film (2010)

The symmetry-broken geometry and variation of metal composition of semishells induce new plasmonic properties. A system of separated metallic semishells embedded in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) polymer film provides an ideal platform to investigate the localized surface plasmon resonance modes of semishells. We demonstrate experimentally that silver, gold, copper, and aluminum semishells can offer distinct plasmonic responses due to the wide range of their material parameters. Numerical calculations combined with the plasmon hybridization theory render us a clear understanding and assignment of the plasmonic modes of the semishells.
Cell Culture (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Cells: isolation and analysis Mechanical disaggregation of tissue Protocols 3.1 Tissue disaggregation by mechanical mincing or chopping Protocols 3.2 Tissue disaggregation by warm trypsinization Protocols 3.3 Cold trypsinization Protocols 3.4 Disaggregation using collagenase or dispase Protocols 3.5 Recovery of cells from effusions Protocols 3.6 Removal of red blood cells by snap lysis Protocols 3.7 Removal of red blood cells and dead cells using isopycnic centrifugation Protocols 3.8 Quantitation of cell counts and viability Protocols 3.9 Recovery of cells from monolayer cultures Protocols 3.10 Freezing cells Protocols 3.11 Thawing cells Protocols 3.12 Purification of human PBMCs on a density barrier Protocols 3.13 Purification of human PBMCs using a mixer technique Protocols 3.14 Purification of human PBMCs using a barrier flotation technique References
QUAD-BASED AUDIO FINGERPRINTING ROBUST TO TIME AND FREQUENCY SCALING (2014)

We propose a new audio fingerprinting method that adapts findings from the field of blind astrometry to define simple, efficiently rep-resentable characteristic feature combinations called quads. Based on these, an audio identification algorithm is described that is ro-bust to large amounts of noise and speed, tempo and pitch-shifting distortions. In addition to reliably identifying audio queries that are modified in this way, it also accurately estimates the scaling factors of the applied time/frequency distortions. We experimen-tally evaluate the performance of the method for a diverse set of noise, speed and tempo modifications, and identify a number of advantages of the new method over a recently published distortion-invariant audio copy detection algorithm. 1.
Growth of naphthalene crystals from supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> solution (1995)

Abstract The growth phenomena, mechanism, and kinetics of naphthalene crystal from supercritical CO 2 solution were studies by using a single‐crystal technique. Distinct growth features were observed, including the development of individuals from the seeds and the sprouting of plates from the individuals. The surface integration proceeded by two‐dimensional nucleation mechanism at face corners and by subsequent spreading of the nuclei. The measured growth rates as functions of supersaturation and solubility were consistent with the derived growth‐rate equations, based on the corner nucleation mechanism. In comparison with crystal growth from conventional media, the growth of naphthalene crystals from supercritical CO 2 solution is similar to liquid‐solution growth as far as growth mechanism and kinetics are concerned.
Drag Bit Performance Modeling (1986)

ABSTRACT Models for the forces required to remove a fixed volume of rock with a single cutter have been applied to different polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bit designs. The integration of the forces for each cutter over the bit face gives the torque and weight-on-bit (WOB) required for a particular rate-of-penetration (ROP). This paper presents the results of comparing such a model to laboratory drilling tests for four radically different bit designs in four different rocks. The geometry of each cutter on the bit was determined by detailed measurements of the bit with a 3-axis coordinate measuring machine. Drilling tests were conducted by "reaming" rock with an 8-1/2" bit that had been previously drilled with a 6-1/4" bit. Only the peripheral cutters engaged the rock during the reaming. Additional tests were conducted where the WOB and torque were recorded while drilling a pilot hole into the top of a flat rock and drilling through two different bed boundaries with constant ROP. The model predictions compared well to the measured data for both the reaming tests and the pilot hole tests.
Zeolite synthesis in the SiO2–Al2O3–Na2O–pyridine–H2O system (1989)

The crystallisation of zeolites from the SiO2–Al2O3–Na2O–pyridine–H2O system has been investigated. Three zeolitic phases were isolated : mordenite, ferrierite and ZSM-5. Only the ferrierite phase is specifically directed by the pyridine molecules. Depending upton the composition of the reaction mixture, mordenite or ZSM-5 can be synthesised in the absence of the organic additive. The ferrierite phase is formed over a wide range of gel compositions although the yield and purity of the sample is dependent upon the aluminium content of the gel. The ferrierite phases formed are relatively siliceous and are all within the composition range SiO2/ Al2O3= 25–38. Ca. 2–3 pyridine molecules are occluded per unit cell within the ferrierite channels.
66.4: Surface Polarity Controlled Horizontal Chevron Defect Free Surface Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Devices (2009)

Abstract The asymmetrical surface polarity controlled hybrid alignment technique was proposed to suppress the alignment defects of half V‐shaped switching FLC materials. When the material was cooled from N* to SmC*, two kinds of layer arrangements were formed with opposite spontaneous polarization directions (Ps). Alignment layers with opposite surface polarity direction were utilized in asymmetrical hybrid cells and produced uni‐surface‐polarity direction. FLC Ps was only controlled by this surface polarity; therefore, double domains were suppressed into mono‐domain. A 2.4” prototype TFT‐LCD was presented with defect‐free alignment texture. This alignment technique provided promising FLC material with well alignment and fast switching for TFT‐LCD application.
Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology (2008)

pointers to exemplary work that has implications for research in educational communications and technology.This part of the Handbook consists of seven chapters covering: (1) historical foundations, (2) theoretical foundations, (3) complexity theory, (4) experiential perspectives, (5) empirical perspectives, (6) contextualistic perspectives, and (7) philosophical perspectives.
Update with out-of-sequence measurements in tracking: exact solution (2002)

In target tracking systems measurements are typically collected in "scans" or "frames" and then they are transmitted to a processing center. In multisensor tracking systems that operate in a centralized manner, there are usually different time delays in transmitting the scans or frames from the various sensors to the center. This can lead to situations where measurements from the same target arrive out of sequence. Such "out-of-sequence" measurement (OOSM) arrivals can occur even in the absence of scan/frame communication time delays. The resulting "negative-time measurement update" problem, which is quite common in real multisensor systems, was solved previously only approximately in the literature. The exact state update equation for such a problem is presented. The optimal and two suboptimal algorithms are compared on a number of realistic examples, including a GMTI (ground moving target indicator) radar case.
Histological differences in full‐thickness vs. lamellar corneal pig‐to‐rabbit xenotransplantation (2009)

To evaluate the differences in graft survival and histopathological characteristics between full-thickness and lamellar orthotopic corneal xenotransplantation in a pig-to-rabbit model, we orthotopically transplanted a full-thickness or the anterior half of a pig's cornea onto the OD of 16 rabbits. As a result, the median survival were 16.83 and 29.07 days for the full-thickness and lamellar xenografts, respectively (P = 0.0005). Histologically, the full-thickness corneal xenografts had massive infiltration by eosinophils, whereas the lamellar xenografts showed predominantly mononuclear infiltrates (P < 0.05). Given these preliminary findings, lamellar corneal xenografts in rabbits survived longer than the full-thickness xenografts and each type of graft demonstrated different rejection mechanisms.
Chemistry and Electrical Properties of the Interface Between ZnSe and an Electrolyte (1967)

The interface between n‐type and electrolyte solutions has been investigated. A summary discussion of the properties of a Schottky barrier under these conditions has been given with reference to the experiments which are reported here. For the interface, , barrier height is from 2.0 to 2.6 ev for different crystals. These results are obtained from capacitance measurements and compared with photovoltage measurements. Current‐voltage curves for forward and reverse bias are shown. For forward bias the current‐voltage curve for the hydrogen evolution reaction has been measured. Results emphasize the difficulty of distinguishing between cases where the current is controlled by the properties of the Schottky barrier and those where it is controlled by the electrochemical kinetics. With high electric fields there is electron multiplication in the . An efficient photochemical decomposition of the is observed in which the net reaction is to deposit free selenium on the surface of the crystal and to liberate Zn++ ions into the solution.
Merkel Cells Are Essential for Light-Touch Responses (2009)

The peripheral nervous system detects different somatosensory stimuli, including pain, temperature, and touch. Merkel cell-neurite complexes are touch receptors composed of sensory afferents and Merkel cells. The role that Merkel cells play in light-touch responses has been the center of controversy for over 100 years. We used Cre-loxP technology to conditionally delete the transcription factor Atoh1 from the body skin and foot pads of mice. Merkel cells are absent from these areas in Atoh1(CKO) animals. Ex vivo skin/nerve preparations from Atoh1(CKO) animals demonstrate complete loss of the characteristic neurophysiologic responses normally mediated by Merkel cell-neurite complexes. Merkel cells are, therefore, required for the proper encoding of Merkel receptor responses, suggesting that these cells form an indispensible part of the somatosensory system.
Thin‐film barriers using transparent conducting oxides for organic light‐emitting diodes (2009)

Abstract— This study covers thin‐film barriers using inorganic barriers of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and indium tin oxide (ITO). The TCOs were fabricated using a sputtering method with a process gas of pure argon at room temperature. ITO showed better properties as a barrier than the ZnO and exhibited the electronic performance necessary to perform additional functions. The ITO has superior barrier performance because it has a lower crack density due to its partial amorphous phase. For organic/inorganic multilayer barriers, the organic underlayer decreased the water‐vapor transmission rate (WVTR) more than the organic upper layer, indicating that the planarization effect was important in reducing the WVTRs. The results of this organic/ITO multilayer barrier study are expected to be useful in finding a practical solution to OLED encapsulation.
Performance Comparisons of Continuous Miniature Crystal Element (cMiCE) Detectors (2006)

In this paper, we investigated the performance characteristics of continuous miniature crystal element (cMiCE) detectors. Versions with a 25 mm by 25 mm by 4 mm-thick LSO crystal and with a 50 mm by 50 mm by 8 mm-thick LYSO crystal were evaluated. Both detectors utilize a 64-channel flat panel photomultiplier tube (PMT). The intrinsic spatial resolution for the detectors was evaluated using Anger (i.e., simple centroid) positioning and a statistics based positioning (SBP) algorithm. We also compared the intrinsic spatial resolution for the 8-mm-thick LYSO crystal using different reflective materials (e.g., TFE Teflon, white paint, and a polymer mirror film) applied on the entrance surface of the crystal. The average energy resolution was 20% for the 4-mm-thick LSO crystal and ranged from 16% to 21%, depending upon reflective material, for the 8-mm-thick LYSO crystal. The average intrinsic spatial resolution for the 4-mm-thick crystal was 1.8-mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) for Anger positioning to within 3 mm of the crystal's edge and 1.14-mm FWHM for SBP to within 2 mm of the edge. The average intrinsic spatial resolution for the 8-mm-thick crystal was 2.2-mm FWHM for Anger positioning to within 8 mm of the crystal's edge and 1.3- to 1.5-mm FWHM (depending on reflective material used) for SBP to within 2 mm of the edge. Intrinsic spatial resolution is reported without correcting for point source size. The point spot flux had a FWHM of about 0.52 mm. The SBP algorithm resulted in significant improvement in intrinsic spatial resolution, linearity of positioning result, and effective field of view (FOV) for our cMiCE detector
Detection of BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> mutation on fine needle aspiration specimens of thyroid nodule refines cyto‐pathology diagnosis, especially in BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> mutation‐prevalent area (2006)

Detection of the BRAF(V600E) mutation in FNAB specimens refines the FNAB-cytology diagnosis, especially in a BRAF(V600E) mutation-prevalent area. Direct DNA sequencing was a more reliable method than PCR-RFLP for detecting the BRAF(V600E) mutation with a high sensitivity and specificity.
Syntheses, Characterizations, and Properties of Electronically Perturbed 1,1‘-Dimethyl-2,2‘-bipyridinium Tetrafluoroborates (2005)

[reaction: see text] The syntheses of three new 2,2'-bipyridinium tetrafluoroborate sensitizers are reported. Their preliminary electrochemical and photophysical properties are compared to the properties of the more widely used pyrylium cation sensitizers. In addition, the first examples of triplet-triplet absorption spectra of 2,2'-bipyridinium ions are presented.
Measuring thaw depth beneath peat-lined arctic streams using ground-penetrating radar (2005)

In arctic streams, depth of thaw beneath the stream channel is likely a significant parameter controlling hyporheic zone hydrology and biogeochemical cycling. As part of an interdisciplinary study of this system, we conducted a field investigation to test the effectiveness of imaging substream permafrost using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). We investigated three sites characterized by low-energy water flow, organic material lining the streambeds, and water depths ranging from 0·2 to 2 m. We acquired data using a 200 MHz pulsed radar system with the antennas mounted in the bottom of a small rubber boat that was pulled across the stream while triggering the radar at a constant rate. We achieved excellent results at all three sites, with a clear continuous image of the permafrost boundary both peripheral to and beneath the stream. Our results demonstrate that GPR can be an effective tool for measuring substream thaw depth. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Software reliability prediction from the telecommunications carrier perspective (2002)

The development of a user-oriented procedure for software reliability prediction of telecommunications systems is proposed. The procedure is based on software reliability data that encapsulate the characteristics of the software decomposed into comparable units, as well as the more traditional failure data used in most of the current models. The state-of-the-art in software reliability prediction is reviewed. The software characteristics and the software reliability models that could form the backbone of a procedure are described together with some of the software reliability issues that have to be resolved for a useful prediction procedure for telecommunications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Knowledge and Grounds: A Comment on Mr. Gettier's Paper (1963)

Knowledge and Grounds: A Comment on Mr. Gettier's Paper Michael Clark Michael Clark Exeter CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 24, Issue 2, December 1963, Pages 46–48, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/24.2.46 Published: 01 December 1963