gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of seeded miniemulsion copolymerization for oil‐soluble initiator (1991)

Abstract A mathematical model of seeded miniemulsion copolymerization of styrene‐methyl methacrylate for oil‐soluble initiator is presented. The mathematical model includes the mass transfer, from the miniemulsion droplets to the polymer particles, by both molecular diffusion and collision between miniemulsion droplets and the polymer particles. The mathematical model also includes the calculation of both the distribution of partices with i radicals and the average number of radicals per particle in the miniemulsion copolymerization using oil‐soluble initator. Studies were carried out on the mass transfer coefficients of monomers across the interface between the miniemulsion droplet and the aqueous phase, hexadecane concentration in the miniemulsion droplets, the miniemulsion droplet sizes, and the collision between miniemulsion droplets. The results indicated that the copolymerization of styrene‐methyl methacrylate was not a mass transfer controlled process. The mass transfer by collision between miniemulsion droplets and polymer particles plays an important role and was included in the model in order to predict the experimental data of seeded miniemulsion copolymerization.
Programmed death-ligand 1 overexpression is a prognostic marker for aggressive papillary thyroid cancer and its variants (2016)

Programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) expression on tumor cells is emerging as a potential predictive biomarker in anti-PD-L1 directed cancer immunotherapy. We analyzed PD-L1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its variants and determined its prognostic potential to predict clinical outcome in these patients. This study was conducted at an academic oncology hospital which is a prime referral centre for thyroid diseases. Immunohistochemical subcellular localization (IHC) analyses of PD-L1 protein was retrospectively performed on 251 archived formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) surgical tissues (66 benign thyroid nodules and 185 PTCs) using a rabbit monoclonal anti-PD-L1 antibody (E1L3N, Cell Signaling Technology) and detected using VECTASTAIN rapid protocol with diaminobenzidine (DAB) as the chromogen. The clinical-pathological factors and disease outcome over 190 months were assessed; immunohistochemical subcellular localization of PD-L1 was correlated with disease free survival (DFS) using Kaplan Meier survival and Cox multivariate regression analysis. Increased PD-L1 immunostaining was predominantly localized in cytoplasm and occasionally in plasma membrane of tumor cells. Among all combined stages of PTC, patients with increased PD-L1 membrane or cytoplasmic positivity had significantly shorter median DFS (36 months and 49 months respectively) as compared to those with PD-L1 negative tumors (DFS, both 186 months with p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 respectively). Comparison of PD-L1+ and PD-L1- patients with matched staging showed increased cytoplasmic positivity in all four stages of PTC that correlated with a greater risk of recurrence and a poor prognosis, but increased membrane positivity significantly correlated with a greater risk of metastasis or death only in Stage IV patients. In conclusion, PD-L1 positive expression in PTC correlates with a greater risk of recurrence and shortened disease free survival supporting its potential application as a prognostic marker for PTC.
The Role of MicroRNAs in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (2019)

More than 90% of the human genome are transcribed as non-coding RNAs. While it is still under debate if all these non-coding transcripts are functional, there is emerging evidence that RNA has several important functions in addition to coding for proteins. For example, microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulatory RNAs that control gene expression in various biological processes and human diseases. In spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), a devastating neurodegenerative disease, miRNAs are involved in the disease process at different levels, including the deregulation of components of the general miRNA biogenesis machinery, as well as in the cell type-specific control of the expression of the SCA3 disease protein and other SCA3 disease-relevant proteins. However, it remains difficult to predict whether these changes are a cause or a consequence of the neurodegenerative process in SCA3. Further studies using standardized procedures for the analysis of miRNA expression and larger sample numbers are required to enhance our understanding of the miRNA-mediated processes involved in SCA3 disease and may enable the development of miRNA-based therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the findings of independent studies highlighting both the disease-related and cytoprotective roles of miRNAs that have been implicated so far in the disease process of SCA3.
A 96% Efficient High-Frequency DC–DC Converter Using E-Mode GaN DHFETs on Si (2011)

III-Nitride materials are very promising to be used in next-generation high-frequency power switching applications. In this letter, we demonstrate the performance of normally off AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double-heterostructure FETs (DHFETs) using a boost-converter circuit. The figures of merit of our large (57.6-mm gate width) GaN transistor are presented: <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$R_{\rm ON} \ast Q_{G}$</tex></formula> of 2.5 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Omega\cdot\hbox{nC}$</tex></formula> is obtained at <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm DS} = \hbox{140\ V}$</tex></formula> . The switching performance of the GaN DHFET is studied in a dedicated high-frequency boost converter: both the switching times and power losses are characterized. We show converter efficiency values up to 96.1% at 500 kHz and 93.9% at 850 kHz at output power of 100 W.
Acoustic Transceiver Optimization Analysis for Downhole Sensor Data Telemetry via Drillstring (2013)

Downhole sensor data telemetry using acoustic waves along the drillstring helps to know the physical and chemical properties of the formation and drilling fluid in Logging While Drilling. However, complex drillstring channel characteristics and normal downhole drilling operations will often adversely affect the quality of acoustic telemetry. Based on a theoretical channel model, we analyze the effects of transceiver optimal placements on acoustic transmission through a periodic drillstring. Considering the downhole noisy conditions including the surface noise sources, the downhole noise sources and multiple reflection echoes, dual acoustic receivers and an acoustic isolator are analyzed to improve the Signal-to-Noise Ratio and the capacity of the uplink channel. By arranging two receivers spaced one-quarter wavelength apart at receiver ends, the suppression results of one-way downlink noises are evaluated with the aid of the channel transient simulation model. Then the isolating results of uplink noises from drilling bit are investigated, with regard to the isolator placed between the downhole transmitter and a noise source. These methods, in conjunction with the complex drillstring features, show that the uses of the available transceiver design and signal processing techniques can make the drillstring as a waveguide for transmitting downhole sensor information at high data rate.
Neuronal two‐pore‐domain potassium channels and their regulation by G protein‐coupled receptors (2006)

Leak potassium currents in the nervous system are often carried through two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channels. These channels are regulated by a number of different G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways. The TASK subfamily of K2P channels are inhibited following activation of the G protein Galpha(q). The mechanism(s) that transduce this inhibition have yet to be established but there is evidence to support a role of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis products, depletion of PIP2 itself from the membrane, or a direct action of activated Galpha(q) on TASK channels. It seems possible that more than one pathway may act in parallel to transduce inhibition. By contrast, TRESK channels are stimulated following activation of Galpha(q). This is due to stimulation of the protein phosphatase, calcineurin, which dephosphorylates TRESK channels and enhances their activity. TREK channels are the most widely regulated of the K2P channel subfamilies being inhibited following activation of Galpha(q) and Galpha(s) but enhanced following activation of Galpha(i). The multiple pathways activated and the apparent promiscuous coupling of at least some K2P channel types to different G protein regulatory pathways suggests that the excitability of neurons that express K2P channels will be profoundly sensitive to variations in GPCR activity.
Successful Treatment of Persistent Migraine Aura with Divalproex Sodium (1997)

Two patients with an established history of migraine developed persistent aura symptoms that ceased after the initiation of treatment with divalproex sodium. <b>NEUROLOGY 1997;48: </b> 261-262
Abstract 4089: Thyroid tumor microenvironment: mutual interaction between cancer and inflammatory cells (2016)

Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy in the United States with an unacceptably high recurrence rate of 20-30%. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the most critical component of solid tumor microenvironments, promote cancer initiation, growth, progression, metastasis and angiogenesis. These TAMs release cytokines as well as other secretory components like exosomes in the tumor microenvironment. Previously, we found that M1 polarized TAMs modulate thyroid cancer phenotype by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), facilitating tissue metastasis and dissemination. In our present study, we used an in vitro model system to assess the crosstalk between the secretory components of macrophages and the epithelial cells in the thyroid tumor microenvironment. We used THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cell line along with thyroid cancer cell lines: consisting of two papillary cancer cell lines (BCPAP and TPC-1), one anaplastic cancer cell line (8505C) and one follicular cancer cell line (CGTHW-1). We observed that activated THP-1 macrophages are polarized towards M1 phenotype, secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β, IL6, TNF-α, IL-1β, amongst others. These cytokines are responsible for halt in proliferation and change in morphology to mesenchymal phenotype promoting EMT in thyroid cancer cells. Similar pattern in phenotypical changes were noted in thyroid cancer cells treated with activated THP-1 macrophage exosomes. We also observed that EMT markers, such as vimentin and NFκ-B, are modulated in response to activated macrophage secreted exosomes. Moreover, secretory components from anaplastic thyroid cancer cells led to enhanced activation of THP-1 cells. These findings support a mutual cooperation between thyroid cancer cells and inflammatory cells in tumor microenvironment in defining thyroid cancer phenotype. Such correlation can identify early markers and prevent thyroid cancer differentiation, and are putative targets for therapy. Citation Format: Neha Yashpal Tuli, Robert B. Bednarczyk, Ghada M. Ben Rahoma, Augustine Moscatello, Jan Geliebter, Raj K. Tiwari. Thyroid tumor microenvironment: mutual interaction between cancer and inflammatory cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4089.
Attenuation of microRNA-1 derepresses the cytoskeleton regulatory protein twinfilin-1 to provoke cardiac hypertrophy (2010)

MicroRNAs are involved in several aspects of cardiac hypertrophy, including cardiac growth, conduction, and fibrosis. However, their effects on the regulation of the cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton in this pathological process are not known. Here, with microRNA microarray and small RNA library sequencing, we show that microRNA-1 (miR-1) is the most abundant microRNA in the human heart. By applying bioinformatic target prediction, a cytoskeleton regulatory protein twinfilin-1 was identified as a potential target of miR-1. Overexpression of miR-1 not only reduced the luciferase activity of the reporter containing the 3' untranslated region of twinfilin-1 mRNA, but also suppressed the endogenous protein expression of twinfilin-1, indicating that twinfilin-1 is a direct target of miR-1. miR-1 was substantially downregulated in the rat hypertrophic left ventricle and phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, and accordingly, the protein level of twinfilin-1 was increased. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-1 in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes reduced the cell size and attenuated the expression of hypertrophic markers, whereas silencing of miR-1 in cardiomyocytes resulted in the hypertrophic phenotype. In accordance, twinfilin-1 overexpression promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the cytoskeleton regulatory protein twinfilin-1 is a novel target of miR-1, and that reduction of miR-1 by hypertrophic stimuli induces the upregulation of twinfilin-1, which in turn evokes hypertrophy through the regulation of cardiac cytoskeleton.
Implementing a Nutrition Education Program for Collegiate Female Athletes to Increase their Knowledge on the Relationship between Nutrition and Athletic Performance (2008)

ale collegiate softball players enrolled in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III college, located in the Midwest, participated in this study.The purpose of this study was to detennine if the implementation of a nutrition education program for collegiate female athletes would increase their knowledge on the relationship between nutrition and athletic performance.Using a pre-and post-questionnaire, the results ofthis study found that five out of the six participants had a significant increase in knowledge after the athlete nutrition education program.
Transmit power control scheme for TV white space wireless system (2011)

White space means spatially (or temporally) unused spectrum and this can be used on a unlicense basis. Since protecting primary users from harmful interference is the most important issue in unlicensed spectrum access on a secondary basis, regulatory authorities mandate the use of geolocation and DB (database) access capability as interference avoid scheme. The main role of this white space DB is to notify white space device of information required to use spectrum e.g. available channel or maximum transmit power level. Therefore, it is important to devise optimum allocation scheme in order to fully exploit scarce spectrum resources. In this paper, we investigate how DB allocates transmit power in a sense that maximizes total system uplink throughput. There are transmit power constraints in this system, i.e. sum of transmit power of all users are should be controlled so as not to make harmful interference to primary users. With this constraint, we consider optimization problems which maximize total system uplink throughput and show the solution of the optimization problem becomes well known water-filling algorithm.
MRI/TRUS data fusion for prostate brachytherapy. Preliminary results (2004)

Prostate brachytherapy involves implanting radioactive seeds (I125 for instance) permanently in the gland for the treatment of localized prostate cancers, e.g., cT1c-T2a N0 M0 with good prognostic factors. Treatment planning and seed implanting are most often based on the intensive use of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging. This is not easy because prostate visualization is difficult in this imaging modality particularly as regards the apex of the gland and from an intra- and interobserver variability standpoint. Radioactive seeds are implanted inside open interventional MR machines in some centers. Since MRI was shown to be sensitive and specific for prostate imaging whilst open MR is prohibitive for most centers and makes surgical procedures very complex, this work suggests bringing the MR virtually in the operating room with MRI/TRUS data fusion. This involves providing the physician with bi-modality images (TRUS plus MRI) intended to improve treatment planning from the data registration stage. The paper describes the method developed and implemented in the PROCUR system. Results are reported for a phantom and first series of patients. Phantom experiments helped characterize the accuracy of the process. Patient experiments have shown that using MRI data linked with TRUS data improves TRUS image segmentation especially regarding the apex and base of the prostate. This may significantly modify prostate volume definition and have an impact on treatment planning.
The cellular response to protein misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum. (1999)

In eukaryotic cells, accumulation of unfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to a stress response. Cells respond to ER stress by upregulating the synthesis of ER resident protein chaperones, thus increasing the folding capacity in this organelle. In addition, this response also activates pathways to induce programmed cell death. The stress-induced chaperone synthesis is regulated at the level of transcription. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transmembrane protein, Ire1p, with both serine/threonine kinase and site-specific endoribonuclease activities is implicated as the sensor of unfolded proteins in the ER that transmits the signal from the ER to activate transcription in the nucleus. Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway also requires the bZIP transcription factor, Haclp. Although HACl is transcribed constitutively, the mRNA is poorly translated. Upon accumulation of unfolded proteins, Ire1p generates a new processed form of HACl mRNA that is efficiently translated by removal of a 252 base sequence. Using the yeast-interaction trap system we identified additional components of the UPR. A yeast transcriptional coactivator complex, Gcn5p/Ada, which is composed of Gcn5p, Ada2p, Ada3p, and Ada5p, was identified that interacts with Ire1p and Hac1p. Deletion of GCN5, ADA2, and/or ADA3 reduces, and deletion of ADA5 completely abrogates, the transcriptional induction in response to misfolded protein in the ER. A protein phosphatase, Ptc2p, was also identified as a negative regulator of the UPR that directly interacts with and dephosphorylates activated Ire1p. Recently, two mammalian homologues of Ire1p, IRE1 and IRE2, were identified. hIre1p, is preferentially localized to the nuclear envelope and requires a functional nuclease activity to transmit the UPR. These results indicate that some features of the UPR are conserved from yeast to humans and may be composed of a multicomponent complex that is regulated by phosphorylation status and is associated with the nuclear envelope to regulate processes including transcriptional induction and mRNA processing. We propose that activation of Ire1p induces splicing of HACl mRNA as well as engages and targets the Gcn5/Ada/Hac1 protein complex to genes that are transcriptionally activated in response to unfolded protein in the ER. The transcriptional activation is facilitated by targeting the histone acetylase, Gcn5p in yeast, to promote histone acetylation at chromatin encoding ER stress-responsive genes. In addition, activation of Ire1p leads to increased lipid biosynthesis, thereby allowing ER expansion to accommodate increasing lumenal constituents. Under conditions of more severe stress, cells activate an Ire1p-dependent death pathway that is mediated through induction of GADD153/CHOP.
Solution speciation in the aqueous Na(I)–EDTA and K(I)–EDTA systems (1993)

Speciation in the aqueous sodium(I) – ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and potassium(I) – ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid equilibrium systems was investigated by automated gravimetric potentiometric titration. It was found that in both cases, particularly below neutral pH values, speciation includes a previously uncharacterized diprotonated complex. All formation and acid dissociation constants were measured for the full systems. The validity of previous literature equilibrium constants, which are based on incomplete equilibrium models, is discussed.
Effect of Clavulanic Acid on the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Benzylpenicillin, Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, or Cephalothin Against Clinical Isolates Resistant to Beta-Lactam Antibiotics (1979)

The effect of clavulanic acid on the minimum inhibitory concentration of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, or cephalothin against 353 clinical isolates of penicillin- and/or cephalothin-resistant strains was estimated.
Dynamic hybrid position/force control of robot manipulators-controller design and experiment (1988)

An approach to designing controllers for dynamic hybrid position/force control of robot manipulators is presented, and preliminary experimental results are given. Dynamic hybrid control is an extension of an approach proposed by M.H. Raibert and J.J. Craig (1981) to the case where the full manipulator dynamics is taken into consideration and the end-effector constraint is explicitly given by the constraint hypersurfaces. This design method consists of two steps. The first step is the linearization of the manipulator dynamics by nonlinear state feedback. Formulation of the constraint by the constraint hypersurfaces plays an essential role in establishing the linearizing law. The second step is the design of position and force controllers for the linearized model using the concept of two-degrees-of-freedom servocontroller. The merit of this servocontroller is that it can take account of both the command response and the robustness of the controllers to modeling errors and disturbances. Preliminary experiments using a SCARA robot show the validity of the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Advanced concepts for UV laser beam shaping with non-rotationally symmetric optical elements</title> (1997)

The potential of non-rotationally symmetric optical elements (NOEs) is demonstrated with respect to mask projection techniques with UV excimer laser radiation. NOEs are diamond turned mirrors with an almost arbitrary surface shape. The operation principle of the NOEs presented here is the concept of beam integration including beamlet shaping. Efficient and innovative processing is enabled by generating complex beam profiles adapted to the mask apertures demonstrated for the generation an annular shaped beam profile.