gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL GONOCOCCUS INFECTION OF THE CHICK EMBRYO (1941)

1. The reaction of the chick embryo to nine strains of gonococci was studied. Four of these were inoculated intra-amniotically in 14 to 15 day embryos. 2. Infection of the 10 day chorio-allantoic membrane was localized and accompanied by polymorphonuclear leucocytic phagocytosis. 3. Infection was either transitory or persisted until hatching. Several strains killed the 10 day embryo in 3 days. 4. Chicken immune sera placed on the infected membranes failed to affect phagocytosis. 5. Slight sinusitis, bronchitis, and infection of the pulmonary alveoli were common following intra-amniotic injection of 14 to 15 day embryos. Infection also extended to the pulmonary and abdominal air sacs. 6. Serial passage on the membrane so modified one strain that it killed a greater percentage of both 10 day and 14 day embryos. The infection after modification was also accompanied by bacteremia and meningitis in one embryo. 7. The ability of meningococci to invade tissue and produce septicemia is contrasted with the inability of gonococci to produce more than a superficial infection. 8. The infection of the embryo with gonococci reproduces all of the essential characteristics of the disease in man. 9. Gonococci were found within columnar epithelial cells in a case of acute human urethritis.
SimpleTree —An Efficient Open Source Tool to Build Tree Models from TLS Clouds (2015)

An open source tool named SimpleTree, capable of modelling highly accurate cylindrical tree models from terrestrial laser scan point clouds, is presented and evaluated. All important functionalities, accessible in the software via buttons and dialogues, are described including the explanation of all necessary input parameters. The method is validated utilizing 101 point clouds of six different tree species, in the main evergreen and coniferous trees. All scanned trees have been destructively harvested to get accurate estimates of above ground biomass with which we assess the accuracy of the SimpleTree-reconstructed cylinder models. The trees were grouped into four data sets and for each one a Concordance Correlation Coefficient of at least 0.92 (0.92, 0.97, 0.92, 0.94) and an total relative error at most ~8 % (2.42%, 3.59%, –4.59%, 8.27%) was achieved in the comparison of the model results to the ground truth data. A global statistical improvement of derived cylinder radii is presented as well as an efficient optimization approach to automatically improve user given input parameters. An additional check of the SimpleTree results is presented via comparison to the results of trees reconstructed using an alternative, published method.
Quantitative Modeling of Thermo-Optic Effects in Optical Networks-on-Chip (2017)

Optical networks-on-chip (ONoCs) is a new promising communication paradigm that upgrades the traditional on-chip networks (NoCs) with the ultra-high communication bandwidth and low latency. Silicon microring resonators (MRRs), as a critical component of ONoCs used to implement the selection and redirection of optical signals, are inherently sensitive to the environmental temperature. The applicability of the ONoCs is essentially restricted by the performance of these optical devices that relies on the thermal conditions of the chip. In this paper, we study the thermo-optic effects of the MRRs quantitatively, build and verify the models of the MRRs based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We present formal relationship models between the temperature of a MRR and its optical losses and resonance wavelength. For the first time, the variation between the two types of MRRs, the parallel microring resonators (PMRs) and the crossing microring resonators (CMRs), are systematically addressed, which greatly improves the accuracy and applicability of the models. The results presented in this paper are systematically verified using professional optics methodology, and can be widely applied for accurate and efficient analysis of the thermo-optic effects in different domains of the ONoC community.
Validation of three-dimensional model-based tibio-femoral tracking during running (2008)

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of a radiographic model-based tracking technique that measures the three-dimensional in vivo motion of the tibio-femoral joint during running. Tantalum beads were implanted into the femur and tibia of three subjects and computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired after bead implantation. The subjects ran 2.5m/s on a treadmill positioned within a biplane radiographic system while images were acquired at 250 frames per second. Three-dimensional implanted bead locations were determined and used as a "gold standard" to measure the accuracy of the model-based tracking. The model-based tracking technique optimized the correlation between the radiographs acquired via the biplane X-ray system and digitally reconstructed radiographs created from the volume-rendered CT model. Accuracy was defined in terms of measurement system bias, precision and root-mean-squared (rms) error. Results were reported in terms of individual bone tracking and in terms of clinically relevant tibio-femoral joint translations and rotations (joint kinematics). Accuracy for joint kinematics was as follows: model-based tracking measured static joint orientation with a precision of 0.2 degrees or better, and static joint position with a precision of 0.2mm or better. Model-based tracking precision for dynamic joint rotation was 0.9+/-0.3 degrees , 0.6+/-0.3 degrees , and 0.3+/-0.1 degrees for flexion-extension, external-internal rotation, and ab-adduction, respectively. Model-based tracking precision when measuring dynamic joint translation was 0.3+/-0.1mm, 0.4+/-0.2mm, and 0.7+/-0.2mm in the medial-lateral, proximal-distal, and anterior-posterior direction, respectively. The combination of high-speed biplane radiography and volumetric model-based tracking achieves excellent accuracy during in vivo, dynamic knee motion without the necessity for invasive bead implantation.
UNDER STAGING AND UNDER GRADING IN A CONTEMPORARY SERIES OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: RESULTS FROM THE CANCER OF THE PROSTATE STRATEGIC UROLOGIC RESEARCH ENDEAVOR DATABASE (2001)

The prevalence of under grading and under staging in contemporary patients undergoing radical prostatectomy may be lower than previously reported. PSA at diagnosis, biopsy Gleason score and the percent of positive biopsies are important predictors of under staging. The percent of positive biopsies should be incorporated into risk assessment models of newly diagnosed prostate cancer.
Energy-efficient operation of heavy haul trains in an MPC framework (2013)

An operation control approach for heavy haul trains to reduce the train's operating cost with operational safety and service quality considered is proposed. The main purpose of this study is to alleviate the cyclic vibration of couplers connecting neighboring cars in the train and to improve the train's overall performance. This is done by presenting a penalty factor for the coupler damping and a dynamically varying weight on the velocity tracking term in the objective function of the formulated problem. Reduction of coupler maintenance/replacement cost and energy consumption of the train are expected by the introduced penalty factor for the coupler damping in the optimization problem. The dynamically varying weight for velocity tracking term is expected to give room for improving the train's other performance indicators when the train's velocity tracking is sufficiently good. The problem is solved following a model predictive control approach. Taking advantage of the model predictive control approach, the controller designed is capable of scheduling the train to operate optimally during a long section of the rail track. Simulations verify that the proposed control approach is effective in improving the train's performance.
Absolute Detection Efficiency of a Microchannel-Plate Detector for Ions and Neutrals (1987)

The absolute efficiencies of a microchannel-plate detector for He + and He 0 were measured in the energy range of 1 to 10 keV. There was no difference between He + and He 0 incidences regarding efficiency, and the efficiency was constant in the above energy range. This value indicates that almost all the particles hitting the entrance wall of the MCP pores were detected.
Good quality TV pictures using a gas-discharge panel (1973)

Good quality real-time TV pictures were displayed on a matrix gas-discharge panel of 80 columns and 212 rows. The 2.4- in wide × 6.3-in high Burroughs Self-Scan panel displays part of a TV picture, has a peak luminance of 8 fL, and a maximum usable contrast ratio of 40:1. The matrix is addressed one line at a time, using standard TV interlace and a continuous gray scale. Picture quality is comparable to that of a monochrome 25-in CRT and the picture can be readily viewed in a normally lit room. Dominant emission is from the neon gas; panel color is orange-red. Panel luminance and luminous efficiency are low compared to a CRT. The circuitry is more complicated--it must store the video signal and provide a total of 300 V for each display element.
ERRATA: Coherent Oscillation from Tm3+, Ho3+, Yb3+, and Er3+ Ions in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (1965)

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Activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 increases cellular responsiveness to BMP-2 and decreases binding of inhibitory Smad6 to the type 1 BMP receptor (2010)

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) plays a critical role in the differentiation of precursor cells and has been approved for clinical application to induce new bone formation. To date, unexpectedly high doses of recombinant BMP-2 have been required to induce bone healing in humans. Thus, enhancing cellular responsiveness to BMP-2 potentially has critically important clinical implications. BMP responsiveness may be modulated in part by cross-talk with other signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) is a MAPK that has been reported to be required for late-stage differentiation of preosteoblasts and BMP-2-induced differentiation of preosteoblasts and pleuripotent cells. In this study we determined that MC3T3-E1-clone 24 cells (MC-24) can be induced by BMP-2 to differentiate into mineralizing osteoblast cultures. Using this inducible system, we employed both JNK loss-of-function and gain-of-function reagents to make three key observations: (1) JNK is required for phosphorylation of Smad1 by BMP-2 and subsequent activation of Smad1 signaling and osteoblast differentiation, (2) JNK1, but not JNK2, is required for BMP-2-induced formation of mineralized nodules, and (3) JNK1 activation decreases binding of inhibitory Smad6 to the type I BMP receptor (BMPR-I) and reciprocally increases binding of Smad1, both observations that would increase responsiveness to BMP-2. Understanding this and other pathways that lead to increased cellular responsiveness to BMPs could greatly aid more cost-effective and safe clinical delivery of these important molecules.
Analysis of measured photon returns from sodium beacons (1998)

We describe an approach to the computation of photon returns from mesospheric sodium beacons excited by laser pulse trains and discuss as specific examples the required numbers of photons for adaptive-optical compensation of atmospheric turbulence. Computed photon return signals are compared with reported measurements for pulses that are long, short, or comparable to the D2 radiative lifetime (16 ns). Analytical approximations in good agreement with the numerical computations are derived. The results are consistent with experimental data for the different pulse durations.
Testing operational digital TV systems (1997)

The rapid growth of digital TV services has raised issues of installation, commissioning, equipment interoperability and monitoring of broadcasts. The complexities of MPEG-2 compression and the DVB transport multiplex has rendered traditional test equipment redundant when problems arise. The MPEG equipment manufacturers are now well served by a variety of specialised test equipment which can provide invaluable diagnostic information in a laboratory environment. As the number of broadcasters transmitting digital television services rapidly increases there is a growing demand to monitor in real time the broadcast to ensure an uninterrupted, high quality service. This paper briefly describes the elements of the transport stream and focuses on the monitoring issues from an operational perspective.
Privacy-Preserving Action Recognition Using Coded Aperture Videos (2019)

The risk of unauthorized remote access of streaming video from networked cameras underlines the need for stronger privacy safeguards. We propose a lens-free coded aperture camera system for human action recognition that is privacy-preserving. While coded aperture systems exist, we believe ours is the first system designed for action recognition without the need for image restoration as an intermediate step. Action recognition is done using a deep network that takes in as input, non-invertible motion features between pairs of frames computed using phase correlation and log-polar transformation. Phase correlation encodes translation while the log polar transformation encodes in-plane rotation and scaling. We show that the translation features are independent of the coded aperture design, as long as its spectral response within the bandwidth has no zeros. Stacking motion features computed on frames at multiple different strides in the video can improve accuracy. Preliminary results on simulated data based on a subset of the UCF and NTU datasets are promising. We also describe our prototype lens-free coded aperture camera system, and results for real captured videos are mixed.
Single-mode KTiOPO_4 optical parametric oscillator (1995)

A tunable KTiOPO4 optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating in a single longitudinal mode of its resonator is described. Single-mode operation has been achieved by use of an intracavity Fabry–Perot étalon in a short-length OPO resonator. The crystal is pumped by the second harmonic of an injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser. The tuning range observed with a crystal cut at 60° is 0.75–0.87 μm for the signal beam and 1.83–1.37 μm for the idler beam. The linewidth of the OPO is approximately 200 MHz (0.0066 cm−1), which is close to the Fourier-transform limit. The total output energy was measured to be as much as 0.6 mJ per pulse.
Gastrointestinal bleeding after the introduction of COX 2 inhibitors: ecological study (2004)

Recent evidence suggests a lower risk of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage for selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitors compared with non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) at the patient level, 1-3 although COX 2 inhibitors are likely not devoid of gastrointestinal toxicity. At the population level, however, the widespread proliferation of COX 2 inhibitors might lead to an increase in the overall numbers of people exposed to anti-inflammatory drugs with uncertain implications on rates of population-wide gastrointestinal events. We did an ecological study to examine temporal changes in the use of NSAIDs and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage hospitalisation rates among a population of older individuals after the introduction of COX 2 inhibitors.
Spatial mapping of the biologic effectiveness of scanned particle beams: towards biologically optimized particle therapy (2015)

The physical properties of particles used in radiation therapy, such as protons, have been well characterized, and their dose distributions are superior to photon-based treatments. However, proton therapy may also have inherent biologic advantages that have not been capitalized on. Unlike photon beams, the linear energy transfer (LET) and hence biologic effectiveness of particle beams varies along the beam path. Selective placement of areas of high effectiveness could enhance tumor cell kill and simultaneously spare normal tissues. However, previous methods for mapping spatial variations in biologic effectiveness are time-consuming and often yield inconsistent results with large uncertainties. Thus the data needed to accurately model relative biological effectiveness to guide novel treatment planning approaches are limited. We used Monte Carlo modeling and high-content automated clonogenic survival assays to spatially map the biologic effectiveness of scanned proton beams with high accuracy and throughput while minimizing biological uncertainties. We found that the relationship between cell kill, dose, and LET, is complex and non-unique. Measured biologic effects were substantially greater than in most previous reports, and non-linear surviving fraction response was observed even for the highest LET values. Extension of this approach could generate data needed to optimize proton therapy plans incorporating variable RBE.
Vector magnetic data for detecting short polarity intervals in marine magnetic profiles (1973)

To identify short polarity intervals recorded during the early Cenozoic in the oceanic crust, a three-component magnetometer was flown across the magnetic stripes north of the Murray fracture zone. The vector magnetometer was flown at a low altitude (335 meters) in order to reduce attenuation of short-wavelength anomalies. The conventional means used to distinguish between magnetic stripes and anomalies due to three-dimensional sources is to correlate wiggles visually over a number of widely separated total-field profiles. The single profile of three orthogonal components was found to provide the distinction directly. The component parallel to the magnetic stripes hy recorded only anomalies due to three-dimensional sources, whereas the horizontal hx and vertical hz components perpendicular to hy were found to record both magnetic stripes and three-dimensional anomalies. By comparing profiles, it was possible to distinguish anomalies due to seamounts or other local sources from anomalies due to short polarity events. Analysis of this single profile from the north Pacific supports the existence of two short polarity events previously identified by stacking profiles of the total field recorded at the sea surface.
Transaction level modeling: an overview (2004)

Recently, the transaction-level modeling has been widely referred to in system-level design community. However, the transaction-level models (TLMs) are not well defined and the usage of TLMs in the existing design domains, namely modeling, validation, refinement, exploration, and synthesis, is not well coordinated. This paper introduces a TLM taxonomy and compares the benefits of TLMs' use.
511km at 2.5Gbit/s and 531km at 622Mbit/s - Unrepeatered Transmission with Remote pumped amplifiers, Forward Error Correction and Dispersion Compensation (1995)

The transmission of 2.5Gbit/s and 622Mbit/s NRZ data over record fibre spans of 511km and 531km respectively, is demonstrated with the aid of remotely pumped post and preamplifiers, forward error correction and dispersion compensating fibre.
Response to epidermal growth factor of skin fibroblasts from donors of varying age is modulated by the extracellular matrix (1990)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the biosynthetic activity of skin fibroblasts from donors of varying age and the modulation of their response to this growth factor by culture in a three-dimensional extracellular matrix. When cultured in monolayer on plastic or at the surface of a collagen gel, EGF specifically inhibited collagen synthesis whatever the age of the donor (from 17 to 84 years, n = 11). This inhibition was paralleled by a significant decrease in the steady-state level of procollagen type I mRNAs. When embedded in a three-dimensional floating collagen lattice, EGF stimulated the non-collagen protein (NCP) synthesis in fibroblasts from younger donors (5 out of 6) while fibroblasts from the older ones were not affected. Collagen production by fibroblasts from younger donors was not inhibited as in monolayer (some being even stimulated) while that of the older donors was inhibited as observed in monolayer. The steady-state level of procollagen type I mRNA was not modified by EGF in the three-dimensional culture. No significant difference was observed in the affinity and the number of EGF receptors of the fibroblasts on plastic or embedded in a collagen lattice between young and aged donors. Our results suggest that the environment of the cells can modulate the reactivity to EGF and reveal differences related to in vivo aging.
SHADOW EFFECT ON PHOTOVOLTAIC POTENTIALITY ANALYSIS USING 3D CITY MODELS (2012)

Abstract. Due to global warming, green-house effect and various other drawbacks of existing energy sources, renewable energy like Photovoltaic system is being popular for energy production. The result of photovoltaic potentiality analysis depends on data quality and parameters. Shadow rapidly decreases performance of the Photovoltaic system and it always changes due to the movement of the sun. Solar radiation incident on earth's atmosphere is relatively constant but the radiation at earth's surface varies due to absorption, scattering, reflection, change in spectral content, diffuse component, water vapor, clouds and pollution etc. In this research, it is being investigated that how efficiently real-time shadow can be detected for both direct and diffuse radiation considering reflection and other factors in contrast with the existing shadow detection methods using latest technologies and what is the minimum quality of data required for this purpose. Of course, geometric details of the building geometry and surroundings directly affect the calculation of shadows. In principle, 3D city models or point clouds, which contain roof structure, vegetation, thematically differentiated surface and texture, are suitable to simulate exact real-time shadow. This research would develop an automated procedure to measure exact shadow effect from the 3D city models and a long-term simulation model to determine the produced energy from the photovoltaic system. In this paper, a developed method for detecting shadow for direct radiation has been discussed with its result using a 3D city model to perform a solar energy potentiality analysis.
Comparative Assessment of Efficacy of Four Different Designs of Retraction Loops made of Beta Titanium Archwire: A Finite Element Study (2014)

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the forces, moments and moment/ force (M/F) ratio and load deflection rate of T-loop, keyhole loop, teardrop loop and mushroom loop with the finite element method (FEM). Materials and Methods FEM was used to compare 3D models of closing loops in rectangular (0.017 × 0.025 inch) beta titanium wire. The T-loop, mushroom loop, keyhole loop and teardrop loop were 7 mm in height. The forces, the moments and the M/F ratios at each tooth node were recorded with an activation of 2 mm. Results The highest force and moments was produced by the keyhole loop and the lowest force was produced by the mushroom loop. Conclusion All the four retraction loops exerted the greatest force levels at the molar node. The maximum value for M/F ratio is seen at the central incisor followed by lateral incisor, molar and canine node. The keyhole loop demonstrated the least load deflection rate making it the most efficient design. How to cite this article Patel AS, Ravindranath VK, Karandikar GR, Malik AS. Comparative Assessment of Efficacy of Four Different Designs of Retraction Loops made of Beta Titanium Archwire: A Finite Element Study. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1): 6-9.
Peer-to-Peer Sharing of Web Applications (2003)

We describe a novel plugin architecture for securely extending personal webserver functionality and supporting development and deployment of meta p2p networks.