gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gather dynamic pollution data using mobile sensors (2015)

Pollution data gathering represents a useful tool that helps traffic management systems to obtain better results in terms of life quality in the cities, by redirecting traffic from highly polluted areas, having the effect of “spreading” pollutants across the city so no region will have exceeded concentrations of dangerous substances. Fixed stations for air quality monitoring are already used, but they gather data only in fixed points (usually junctions - considered to have greater concentrations of pollutants). In congested cities (at peak hours) vehicles standing in a queue between two signalized junctions may produce dangerous levels of pollutants, without the system having any knowledge about this. The solution proposed in this article is to implement mobile sensors placed on public transport vehicles that will acquire data along the path and send it to traffic management system in junctions, using access points.
k-Space weighted image contrast (KWIC) for contrast manipulation in projection reconstruction MRI (2000)

A novel technique for manipulating contrast in projection reconstruction MRI is described. The method takes advantage of the fact that the central region of k-space is oversampled, allowing one to choose different filters to enhance or reduce the amount that each view contributes to the central region, which dominates image contrast. The technique is implemented into a fast spin-echo (FSE) sequence, and it is shown that multiple T(2)-weighted images can be reconstructed from a single image data set. These images are shown to be nearly identical to those acquired with the Cartesian-sampled FSE sequence at different effective echo times. Further, it is demonstrated that T(2) maps can be generated from a single image data set. This technique also has the potential to be useful in dynamic contrast enhancement studies, capable of yielding a series of images at a significantly higher effective temporal resolution than what is currently possible with other methods, without sacrificing spatial resolution.
Low-Temperature Assembly of Surface-Mount Device on Flexible Substrate Using Additive Printing Process (2018)

Flexible substrates with printed electronics and surface-mount devices are being increasingly explored for various applications. For the assembly of surface-mount devices, conductive adhesives and films are being thought of as suitable alternatives to solder reflow assembly. However, such assemblies face many performance limitations particularly at high frequencies, and process limitations when the surface-mount devices are thin. This paper presents an innovative, low-temperature ink-to-ink fully-additive sintering process for surface-mount device assembly on a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate with printed Ag pads. The printed ink is characterized using tape peel and button shear tests. Upon assembly of a surface-mount device, the strength of the device-to-substrate joint is assessed through a die shear test, and it is seen that the joint is stronger than the adhesion of the printed conductor to the flexible substrate. Thus, the proposed fully-additive assembly process appears to be a viable assembly method for attaching surface-mount devices on flexible substrates.
Computationally Efficient Model Predictive Direct Torque Control (2011)

For medium-voltage drives, model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) significantly reduces the switching losses and/or the harmonic distortions of the torque and stator currents, when compared to standard schemes, such as direct torque control or pulse width modulation. Extending the prediction horizon in MPDTC further improves the performance. At the same time, the computational burden is greatly increased due to the combinatorial explosion of the number of admissible switching sequences. Adopting techniques from mathematical programming, most notably branch and bound, the number of switching sequences explored can be significantly reduced by discarding suboptimal sequences. This reduces the computation time by an order of magnitude, enabling MPDTC with long prediction horizons to be executed on today's available hardware.
Effects of fructo-oligosaccharide-supplemented infant cereal: a double-blind, randomized trial (2003)

Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) may have potential benefits, since they exhibit many soluble dietary fibre-like properties. Foods currently available for weaning infants are generally low in fibre content and lack these potential benefits. Data documenting tolerance of FOS in weaning foods are greatly lacking. Our present objective was to evaluate the tolerance and gastrointestinal effects of FOS-supplemented infant cereal used as a daily addition to the diet of healthy infants. Healthy infants were randomly assigned to receive either 0.75 g FOS per serving of cereal or placebo for 28 d. The primary outcome of interest was gastrointestinal tolerance, which was assessed by daily parental reporting of functional variables for 28 d, including stool patterns and signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal tolerance. Secondary outcomes were also measured including: cereal intake (g cereal and g FOS/d), stool pH, changes in anthropometric measurements and adverse events. The study population included a total of fifty-six infants, age range 16.2-46.2 weeks with a mean age of 32.5 (sd 8.9) weeks; twenty-nine infants were randomized to the control group (age 31.8 (sd 9.0) weeks) and twenty-seven to the FOS-supplemented group (34.7 (sd 8.9) weeks). Average daily total intake per infant and average intake per serving were similar in both groups. Average FOS consumption was 0.74 (sd 0.39) g/d and as high as 3.00 g/d. Stool consistency was less likely to be described as 'hard', and more likely to be described as 'soft' or 'loose', in the FOS v. control group. The mean number of stools per infant was 1.99 (sd 0.62) per d in the FOS-supplemented group compared with 1.58 (sd 0.66) in the control group (P=0.02). There were no differences between the groups in reporting for crying, spitting-up or colic. No differences were found for stool pH. FOS-supplements added to cereal were well tolerated in doses of up to 3.00 g/d. FOS consumption led to more regular and softer stools, without diarrhoea, as well as less-reported frequency of symptoms associated with constipation such as hard stools or skipped days without stool. The present study is one of few studies documenting tolerance to increased fibre intake in the form of FOS as part of a weaning food.
A Timing-Based Scheme for Rogue AP Detection (2011)

This paper considers a category of rogue access points (APs) that pretend to be legitimate APs to lure users to connect to them. We propose a practical timing-based technique that allows the user to avoid connecting to rogue APs. Our detection scheme is a client-centric approach that employs the round trip time between the user and the DNS server to independently determine whether an AP is a rogue AP without assistance from the WLAN operator. We implemented our detection technique on commercially available wireless cards to evaluate their performance. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the accuracy, effectiveness, and robustness of our approach. The algorithm achieves close to 100 percent accuracy in distinguishing rogue APs from legitimate APs in lightly loaded traffic conditions, and larger than 60 percent accuracy in heavy traffic conditions. At the same time, the detection only requires less than 1 second for lightly-loaded traffic conditions and tens of seconds for heavy traffic conditions.
Just Playing a Game? Educational Simulation Software and Cognitive Outcomes (2000)

The study investigated if young students internalized content and concepts embedded in a science computer microworld simulation as opposed to treating it as merely a game to be played. The article reports changes in the Grade Two students' cognitive outcomes and processes after learning with the software integrated within a thematic curriculum in a classroom over a period of six weeks. Results indicate improvement in various thinking skills and strategies, from basic recall to the higher level skills such as classification and inference, as well as in the children's usage of scientific language. Transfer occurred but was not significant thereby emphasizing the importance of providing numerous practices instead of relying on the software to teach higher order cognitive skills. Daily usage and a flexible paired working environment with the computer were pedagogical variables in the cognitive outcomes.
Preface to Second Edition (2011)

Extract This second edition reinforces the intent of the first—the retention of Analytical Mechanics as a central focus of graduate physics education. In recent years, there has been a tendency to eliminate the traditional Analytical Mechanics course from the graduate curriculum, replacing it by perhaps a week in a quantum mechanics course. One purpose of this book is to reverse this trend, to ensure that physics graduates learn their subject at the depth needed to advance beyond current thinking. Several additions in the second edition allow a more flexible use of the text. Part I contains new chapters on "Central Force Motion" (Chapter 11) and "Scattering" (Chapter 12) and has added introductory material on time‐independent canonical transformations and generating functions to the chapter "Introduction to Hamiltonian Mechanics" (Chapter 4). In Part II, several sections of the chapter on "Hamilton–Jacobi Theory" (Chapter 21) have been rewritten, and...
Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of GII-4 Noroviruses That Circulated during 1987 to 2008 (2010)

The predominance and continual emergence of new variants in GII-4 noroviruses (NVs) in recent years have raised questions about the role of host immunity and histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in NV evolution. To address these questions, we performed a genetic and phenotypic characterization of GII-4 variants circulating in the past decade (1998 to 2008). Ninety-three GII-4 sequences were analyzed, and of them, 16 strains representing 6 genetic clusters were selected for further characterization. The HBGA binding properties were determined by both saliva- and oligosaccharide-binding assays using P particles as a model of NV capsid. The antigenic properties were also examined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Western blot analysis, and receptor blocking assay, using P-particle-specific antibodies from immunized mice and GII-4 virus-infected patients. Our results showed that 15 of the 16 GII-4 viruses bound to saliva of all A, B, and O secretors. Oligosaccharide binding assays yielded largely consistent results, although the binding affinities to some oligosaccharides varied among some strains. The only nonbinder had a mutation in the binding site. While antigenic variations were detected among the 16 strains, significant cross-blocking on the HBGA binding was also noted. Sequence alignment revealed high conservation of HBGA binding interfaces with some variations in adjacent regions. Taken together, our data suggested that the ability of GII-4 to recognize different secretor HBGAs persisted over the past decade, which may explain the predominance of GII-4 over other genotypes. Our data also indicated that both the host immunity and HBGAs play a role in NV evolution. While host immunity may continue driving NV for antigenic change, the functional selection by the HBGAs tends to lock the architecture of the capsid/HBGA interfaces and allows only limited variations outside the HBGA binding sites. A potential outcome of such counterselection between theses two factors in NV evolution is discussed.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rabbits. (2012)

To understand the structure-function relationship in the postinfarcted myocardium in rabbits, we induced cardiac ischemia by ligating the left circumflex coronary artery. Sham controls underwent thoracotomy only. At 7 and 30 d after ligation, cardiac MRI was conducted by using pulse-oxymetry-gated cine acquisition to provide complete phases of the heartbeat. The rabbits were anesthetized under 1.5% isoflurane ventilation, and ultrafast techniques made breath-hold 3D coverage in different cardiac axes feasible. Viability imaging was performed after intravenous injection of 0.15 mmol/kg gadolinium to assess the extent of infarction. Data (n ≥ 6) are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed by ANOVA and ANCOVA. In postligation rabbits, end-systolic (mean ± SEM, 2.3 ± 0.3 mL) and end-diastolic (4.2 ± 0.4 mL) volumes were increased compared with preligation values (end-systolic, 1.1 ± 0.1 mL; end-diastolic, 2.98 ± 0.2 mL). Ejection fraction was influenced adversely by the presence of scar tissue at both 7 and 30 d after ligation and apparently nonlinear with the heart rate. Cardiac force was increased in the basal region in both end-systole and end-diastole in postligation hearts but progressively decreased toward the apex. Late gadolinium enhancement delineated 15.2 ± 5.8% myocardial infarction at 7 d after ligation and 14.5 ± 5.8% at 30 d, with limited wall motion and wall thinness. Compensatory wall thickening was present in the basal region when compared with that in preligation hearts. MRI offers detailed spatial resolution and tissue characterization after myocardial infarction.
The use of a bovine plasma progesterone ELISA kit to measure progesterone in equine, ovine and canine plasmas (1987)

A commerical kit designed to measure the concentration of progesterone in bovine plasma using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been assessed for measuring progesterone in the plasma of horses, sheep and dogs. Without validation, an immunoassay developed for progesterone in one species should not be used to measure progesterone in the plasma of other species. The kit was assessed by using the criteria of parallelism to a standard curve, the recovery of added progesterone, the correlation with an established radioimmunoassay and the detection of physiological change for each of the species tested. The ELISA kit proved to be acceptable for the analysis of progesterone in the plasma of each species, and in particular for the detection of the low concentrations found during the follicular phase and of the subsequent rise during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle.
Serum electrolyte concentrations and hydration status are not associated with exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC) in distance runners (2004)

There are no clinically significant alterations in serum electrolyte concentrations and there is no alteration in hydration status in runners with EAMC participating in an ultra-distance race.
A new scheme for DS-CDMA detection combining smart antennas and parallel interference canceller (2002)

The smart antenna has been proposed for the CDMA receiver and has gained great benefits. However, when the interfering signals come from approximate directions, the antenna array may not able to separate them well. We propose a new scheme to combine the smart antenna with a parallel interference canceller, which can effectively solve such a problem.
Biotechnology (1993)

Exciting advances in biotechnology have led to the development of innovative biological products to improve health care. In this review article, the major techniques of product development and manufacturing in biotechnology are discussed, with a focus on recombinant DNA technology. In addition, monoclonal antibody, nucleotide blockade, polymerase chain reaction, antisense, and gene therapy technologies will be defined briefly. For recombinant-DNA technology, the issues of gene isolation, gene cloning, protein expression, scale-up (manufacturing), and quality assurance are addressed. The 16 approved products and the research pipeline are characterized. In addition, major usage issues for biological products are noted. This review serves as an introduction to the science and applications of biotechnology present and future.
Antibacterial activity of N-(.beta.-styryl)formamides related to tuberin (1978)

A series of para-substituted N-(beta-styryl)formamides, analogues of tuberin (4a), has been prepared and assayed for antibacterial activity. The methylthio, ethoxy, and methyl analogues 4e, 4j, and 4t were about twice as active as tuberin against Mycobacterium phlei. Although tuberin lacks activity against Staphylococcus aureus, several of the analogues described were found to inhibit this organism. The phenyl group of tuberin is not a prerequisite for activity since analogues based on naphthyl or ferrocenyl groups were also active. A quantitative structure-activity relationship further implied that an aromatic group need not be present, suggesting the synthesis of the cyclohexyl and n-amyl analogues which were found to possess high activity.
Aqueous scrubbing of dilute nitrogen oxide gas mixtures (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous scrubbing of dilute nitrogen oxide gas mixturesGary W. Selby and Robert M. CounceCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 10, 1917–1922Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00082a026Request reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (662 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A wide-band CMOS read amplifier for magnetic data storage systems (1992)

Circuit techniques for a CMOS amplifier suitable for read waveform signal processing in high-speed disk drives are described. A 30-MHz low-noise preamplifier with a gain of 100 was designed in 3- mu m CMOS, capable of being driven by an inductive source, and producing an equivalent input noise voltage spectral density of 2 nV/ square root Hz. This, with other recent developments, makes it possible to conceive of entirely CMOS read/write signal-processing ICs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Soft-matter damage detection systems for electronics and structures (2019)

Soft-matter technologies are essential for emerging applications in wearable computing, human-machine interaction, and soft robotics. However, as these technologies gain adoption in society and interact with unstructured environments, material and structure damage becomes inevitable. Here, we present a robotic material that mimics soft tissues found in biological systems to identify, compute, and respond to damage. This system is composed of liquid metal droplets dispersed in soft elastomers that rupture when damaged, creating electrically conductive pathways that are identified with a soft active-matrix grid. This presents new opportunities to autonomously identify damage, calculate severity, and respond to prevent failure within robotic systems.
Phytosterols and human lipid metabolism: efficacy, safety, and novel foods (2003)

Plant sterols have been known for several decades to cause reductions in plasma cholesterol concentrations. These plant materials have been granted a conditional health claim in the United States regarding their effects in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and are being sold in functional foods in several countries in Europe as well as in the United States and Australia. It is generally suggested that daily consumption of approximately 2 g of plant sterols can lower cholesterol concentrations as part of a dietary prevention strategy. However, phytosterols have been added and tested for their cholesterol-lowering effects mainly in spreads. Consumption of these high-fat foods seemingly flies in the face of current recommendations for the promotion of heart health, which suggest lowering total fat and energy intake to maintain weight. Hence, new food formulations are being evaluated using phytosterols incorporated into low-fat and reduced-fat food items. The purpose of this review is to examine the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant sterols, focusing on novel food applications, their mechanism of action, and safety. These novel food formulations include new solubilization processes that lead to improved uses for plant sterols, as well as new foods into which phytosterols have been incorporated, such as breads, cereals, and beef. Such new foods and formulations should pave the way for greater use of phytosterols in heart health promotion, increasing the longer-term potential for the creation of innovative functional foods containing plant sterols and their derivatives.
Study on the Optimum Pheromone Release Rate for Attraction of <I>Chilo suppressalis</I> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (2009)

Traditional chemical control against Chilo suppressalis Walker is currently being replaced in Spain by new methods based on pheromones. A key step to improve the efficacy of these methods is the determination of the optimum pheromone release rate, which is still uncertain for this pest. In this work, the pheromone release profile and the field performance of a new mesoporous dispenser was compared with a standard commercial dispenser. For this purpose, pheromone loads were extracted from field-aged dispensers and quantified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. In addition, a field trial was carried out with traps baited with one, two, or three mesoporous dispensers per trap, as well as with traps containing one standard dispenser. We found that the highest number of field catches did not correspond to the highest pheromone emission rate, which suggests a repellent effect of the insect if the emission is excessive. The results suggest that the attractant activity was maximized by emitting ∼34 μg/d. The efficacy of the mesoporous dispenser and its possible improvements are discussed.