gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Flagging Rates on the Sysmex XE-5000 Compared With the XE-2100 Reduce the Number of Manual Film Reviews and Increase Laboratory Productivity (2011)

Hematology analyzers generate suspect flags in the presence of abnormal cells. False-positive rates for flags are high on all analyzers. Sysmex, Kobe, Japan, has developed new software for its XE-5000 with improved algorithms for flagging blast cells, abnormal lymphocytes or lymphoblasts, and atypical lymphocytes. This study evaluated the efficiency of these flags in 1,002 samples. The XE-5000 was compared with the XE-2100 (Sysmex) and microscopic examination of cell morphologic features. On the XE-2100, the blast flag demonstrated 90 false-positives, 13 true-positives, and 3 false-negatives. The values on the XE-5000 were 27 false-positives, 14 true-positives, and 2 false-negatives. The abnormal lymphocyte/lymphoblast flag was assessed with the atypical lymphocyte flag. The XE-2100 showed 114 false-positives, 23 true-positives, and 20 false-negatives, and on the XE-5000, there were 45 false-positives, 22 true-positives, and 21 false-negatives. This more specific flagging reduces the number of films that require manual review.
Silicon-Based Hybrid Energy Cell for Self-Powered Electrodegradation and Personal Electronics (2013)

Silicon (Si)-based solar cell is by far the most established solar cell technology. The surface of a Si solar cell is usually covered by a layer of transparent material to protect the device from corrosion, contamination and mechanical damage. Here, we replaced this protection layer by a thin layer film of polydimethysiloxane nanowires. Based on this layer and using the conductive layer on the surface of the wavy Si, we have fabricated a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The solar cell and the TENG form a hybrid energy cell for simultaneously harvesting solar and mechanical energies. The hybrid energy cell can be directly used for self-powered electrodegradation of rhodamine B, where the degradation percentage is up to 98% in 10 min. Moreover, the produced energy can also be stored in the Li-ion batteries for driving some personal electronics such as a red laser diode and a commercial cell phone.
A combinatorial library for the binuclear metal center of bacterial phosphotriesterase (1997)

Phosphotriesterase (PTE) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an extensive array of organophosphate pesticides and mammalian acetylcholinesterase nerve agents. Although the three-dimensional crystal structure of PTE has been solved (M. M. Benning et al., Biochemistry 34:7973-7978, 1995), the precise functions of the individual amino acid residues that interact directly with the substrate at the active site are largely unknown. To construct mutants of PTE with altered specificities for particular target substrates, a simple methodology for generating a library of mutants at specific sites was developed. In this investigation, four of the six protein ligands to the binuclear metal site (His-55, His-57, His-201, and His-230) were targeted for further characterization and investigation. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols, a library of modified PTE genes was generated by simultaneously creating random combinations of histidine and cysteine codons at these four positions. The 16 possible DNA sequences were isolated and confirmed by dideoxy-DNA sequencing. The 16 mutant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and grown with the presence or absence of 1 mM CoCl2, ZnSO4, or CdSO4 in the growth medium. When grown in the presence of CoCl2, the H57C protein cell lysate showed greater activity for the hydrolysis of paraoxon than the wild type PTE cell lysate. H201C and H230C exhibited up to 15% of the wild-type activity, while H55C, a green protein, was inactive under all assay conditions. All other mutants had < 10(-5) of wild-type activity. None of the purified mutants that exhibited catalytic activity had a significantly altered Km for paraoxon.
Chemo-enzymaticD-enantiomerization ofDL-lactate (2001)

We investigated the total conversion of racemic lactate, L-lactate, and pyruvate into D-lactate, which is very useful as a starting material for the synthesis of chiral compounds and much more valuable than the L-enantiomer by means of coupling of L-specific oxidation of the racemate with L-lactate oxidase and non-enantiospecific reduction of pyruvate to DL-lactate with sodium borohydride. In this one-pot system, L-lactate was enantiospecifically oxidized to an achiral product, pyruvate, which was chemically reduced to DL-lactate leading to a turnover. Consequently, either DL-lactate, L-lactate, or pyruvate was fully converted to the D-enantiomer. We optimized the reaction conditions: DL-lactate was converted to D-lactate in 99% of the theoretical yield and with more than 99% enantiomeric excess. DL-alpha-Hydroxybutyrate and alpha-ketobutyrate were converted also to D-alpha-hydroxybutyrate in the same way, though slowly.
Betaine is an osmolyte in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages (1995)

Hyperosmotic (405 mosmol/l) exposure of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages led to a stimulation of betaine uptake and an increase in betaine transporter (BGT-1) mRNA levels. Conversely, hypoosmotic (205 mosmol/l) exposure decreased betaine uptake and diminished BGT-1 mRNA levels. Betaine uptake was Na(+)-dependent and was inhibited by about 90% by GABA, whereas inhibition by methylaminoisobutyrate and myoinositol was less than 15%. Addition of betaine strongly diminished BGT-1 mRNA levels in cells exposed to normoosmotic or hyperosmotic media. When mouse macrophages were preloaded with betaine, lowering of the extracellular osmolarity was followed by a rapid betaine efflux from the cells. This study identifies a constitutively expressed and osmosensitive betaine transporter in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the use of betaine as an osmolyte in these cells.
Biochemical Characterization and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure of Novel α-Conotoxins Isolated from the Venom of <i>Conus consors</i><sup>,</sup> (1999)

Two novel alpha-conotoxins were purified and characterized from the venom of the fish-hunting cone snail Conus consors. These peptides were identified by screening HPLC fractions of the crude venom and by binding experiments with Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The toxins named alpha-CnIA and alpha-CnIB exhibited sequences of 14 and 12 amino acids, respectively. The alpha-CnIA represents the main alpha-conotoxin contained in the venom, whereas alpha-CnIB is present in a relatively small amount. Chemical synthesis of alpha-CnIA was carried out using the Fmoc methodology by selective disulfide bond formation. The biological activity of the toxin was assessed in fish and mice. The alpha-CnIA inhibited the fixation of iodinated alpha-bungarotoxin to Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with an IC50 of 0.19 microM which can be compared to the IC50 of 0.31 microM found for the previously characterized alpha-MI isolated from the piscivorous Conus magus. The synthetic alpha-CnIA blocked spontaneous and evoked synaptic potentials in frog and mouse isolated neuromuscular preparations at sub-micromolar concentrations. Solution NMR of this toxin indicated a conformational heterogeneity with the existence of different conformers in solution, at slow and intermediate exchange rates relative to the NMR chemical shift time scale, similar to that reported for alpha-GI and alpha-MI. NMR structures were calculated for the major NMR signals representing more than 80% of the population at 5 degrees C.
TiSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>x</sub> Coated N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Pt Catalyst Support for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs (2013)

Composite nanostrucutres of TiSi2Ox coated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) were synthesized by a combination of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and magnetron sputtering processes. The synthesized nanostructures were used as supports for Pt catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange memberane fuel cells (PEMFCs). An amorphous layer of TiSi2Ox with controlled thicknesses was sputtered on NCNTs and followed by post-treatment at high temperature (1000 °C, An-TiSi2Ox-NCNTs), inducing TiO2 nanoparticles of around 5 nm in diameter embedded in the amorphous layer. Further analyses via X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the Ti K edge and Si K edge revealed the Ti atoms were in a TiO2 rutile environment and the Si atoms were in a SiO2 environment. Pt nanoparticles with an average diameter of 3 nm were deposited on the composite support, and their electrochemical behaviors toward ORR were studied. It was revealed that, even with lower electrochemical surface area (ECSA), Pt/An-TiSi2Ox-NCNTs showed better catalytic activity toward ORR than Pt/NCNT catalysts. The origin of enhanced activity of Pt/An-TiSi2Ox-NCNTs was examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and the X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra (XANES) of the deposited Pt nanoparticles.
Fluoroscopy to ultrasound image registration using implanted seeds as fiducials during permanent prostate brachytherapy (2004)

A method using implanted seeds as fiducials to register ultrasound (US) images with fluoroscopic images for prostate brachytherapy dose analysis is proposed. In a simulation study, transformed point clouds with 154 points were sampled at different sampling rates with different levels of noise applied and then registered with the original imaging data. Superior performance in comparison to conventional four point fiducial registration was demonstrated. The root-meansquared- distance at registration was 0.962mm when 25% of the points were used as fiducials and with noise level at 3mm. A phantom with 64 implanted seeds was scanned by CT at 1.5mm intervals and by step-section US at 2.5mm intervals. Fluoroscopic images of the phantom were also taken at several different projection angles. Coordinates of implanted seeds were determined for each imaging modality. CT-US and fluoroscopy-US registration were then carried out using the implanted seeds as fiducials. Over 90% overlap between the segmented CT prostate volume and US prostate volume was observed at registration, and the distance between the centers of the registered volumes was 3mm. The mean distance between the seed coordinates at registration was 2.5mm for CT and US, and 3mm for fluoroscopy and US. These results suggest that registration of fluoroscopic images with US images of the prostate can be effectively accomplished by using implanted seeds as fiducials. Consequently, accurate US-fluoroscopic image registration should facilitate intraoperative radiation dosimetry for permanent prostate brachytherapy.
Certolizumab in the long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2011)

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory arthritis and continues to have major long-term effects on quality of life. Early and intensive treatment has now become the norm in clinical practice with changes of medication dictated by measuring the presence of continued disease activity. Biologics, particular tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, have a crucial role in the management of very severe disease. Certolizumab is a relatively new tumor necrosis factor inhibitor which uses a novel strategy to neutralize TNF-alpha – the conjugation of tumor necrosis factor specific Fab antibody fragments to polyethylene glycol. Two Phase II and three Phase III randomized controlled trials have evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of certolizumab. More than 2000 patients were enrolled, and followed from 12–52 weeks. The number of patients achieving significant improvements with certolizumab, was indicated by the American College of Rheumatology with a 50% response rate. The risk ratios of achieving this response at 24 weeks was 6.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.84–9.40). At 52 weeks the risk ratio was 5.27 (95% CI: 3.19–8.71). The number of patients needed to treat, to obtain this benefit at 24 weeks was 4 (95% CI: 3–5). Certolizumab also had important clinical benefits in reducing erosive damage to joints, limiting disability, and enhancing other outcomes of importance to patients such as fatigue. The patient-related benefits were present from the early weeks of treatment. The clinical trials showed serious adverse events, including infections, which were more frequent for certolizumab. The most common adverse events comprised upper respiratory tract infections, hypertension, and nasopharyngitis. The balance of evidence suggests that certolizumab is equivalent to other tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, though no head-to-head trials have been undertaken. Having several effective treatments available, benefits patient choice, because the frequency and route of administration of these treatments varies. Furthermore, as intolerance and antibody development against existing biologics is not uncommon, having several agents allows opportunities to switch from one inhibitor to another. Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, certolizumab, anti-TNF
A sonic-flow pyrometer for measuring gas temperatures (1951)

Evaluat ion of t he p erforman ce of gas t urbines and jet engin es requires kn owled ge of the tempe ra t ure of t he workin g medium . Altho ugh co nve ntiona l te mpera t ure-mea s min g i nstrumen ts a re adeq uate for some purposes, t hey possess a number of di sadvan t a ges that beco me m ore seri o us with in creasin g gas velocity a nd t empera t ure. T l,e m ost t ro ubl eso me so urces of error a re t he directed motio n of t he gas a nd t he loss of hea t to t he surrou ndin gs by ra dia t io n a nd co ndu ction. An in strument t ha t is relat ively free of these errors is desc ribed a nd evaluated . It ha s been call ed a son ic pyrometer because t he measurin g ele ment is located in t he t hroat of a nozz le t hrough whi ch the gas, whose te mperat ure is to be m eas ured is caused to fl ow at soni c velocity. In acco rdance with t heory a nd ex perim en t , the total temperatu r e of t he gas is obtain ed by mul ti plyin g t he tem perature indicated by t he meas urin g element by a n esse n tia ll y co nstant co rrection facto r . Tests on expe rimen tal u ni ts indi cate that t hese have ma ny a d va ntageR over conve ntional in str uments w hen used in t he evaluation an d co n tro l of gas t ur bin es and jet engines.
A Simple Inverting Interferometer (1971)

A simple, common path inverting interferometer is described. The interference pattern shows the anti-symmetrical wavefront error about the axis of inversion and the path difference is always zero at the centre of the pattern. It is shown that, in this interferometter, collimation errors have negligible effect. The interferometer is suitable for testing concave mirrors and convex lenses.
Correlations Between the<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i>Activity of Anti-HIV Agents: Implications for Future Drug Deyelopment (1992)

Some 10 years after the first recognition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a new syndrome, we have identified a number of molecular targets to interrupt the replicative cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent. A number of dideoxynucleosides have been identified as having anti-HIV activity in vitro, and several of these have been found to have clinical activity in patients. In contrast, while a number of agents have been found to block viral binding to the target cell in vitro, these agents have generally not shown clear-cut evidence of clinical activity. Agents which act at a variety of steps in the HIV replicative cycle are now under development, and it is likely that we will have an increased armamentarium to fight this disease in the near future.
IL-6 Production by Retrovirus Packaging Cells and Cultured Bone Marrow Cells (1991)

Retrovirus integration into the host cell genome occurs most efficiently in replicating cells. In agreement with this notion, it was observed that the efficiency with which hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) can be transduced is greatly enhanced when the hemopoietic growth factor (HGF) interleukin 3 (IL-3) is added to co-cultures of bone marrow cells with retrovirus-producing cells. The HGF IL-6, which enhances the IL-3-induced formation of blast cell colonies in vitro, is also believed to improve the transduction of HSC. Because IL-6 can be produced by a number of different cell types, we investigated whether IL-6 was present in the culture supernatant of retrovirus packaging cells and bone marrow cells. We found that the six retrovirus packaging cells tested produced large amounts of IL-6. Bone marrow cells cultured with IL-1 alpha and IL-3 also make IL-6, and, following co-cultivation of both cell types, the concentration of IL-6 in the medium is even up to 10-fold higher than the sum of the concentrations obtained when both are cultured separately. Considering that IL-6 is produced in large amounts during co-cultivations, we believe that its effect on the transduction of HSC cannot be measured by adding extra growth factor to the co-culture medium.
Handbook of Russian roots (1961)

A dictionary of over 500 of the most productive roots with their derivatives and compounds designed as a practical teaching aid for vocabulary building especially for English-speaking students
Procedure for Preparation of Lipid Vesicles (Liposomes) Using the Coacervation (Phase Separation) Technique (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProcedure for Preparation of Lipid Vesicles (Liposomes) Using the Coacervation (Phase Separation) TechniqueFumiyoshi Ishii, Akira Takamura, and Yutaka IshigamiCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 2, 483–486Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00002a020https://doi.org/10.1021/la00002a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1028Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Scalable Framework for Trajectory Prediction (2019)

Trajectory prediction (TP) is of great importance for a wide range of location-based applications in intelligent transport systems, such as location-based advertising, route planning, traffic management, and early warning systems. In the last few years, the widespread use of GPS navigation systems and wireless communication technology enabled vehicles has resulted in huge volumes of trajectory data. The task of utilizing these data employing spatio-temporal techniques for TP in an efficient and accurate manner is an ongoing research problem. Existing TP approaches are limited to the short-term predictions. Moreover, they cannot handle a large volume of trajectory data for long-term prediction. To address these limitations, we propose a scalable clustering and Markov chain-based hybrid framework, called Traj-clusiVAT-based TP, for both short- and long-term TPs, which can handle a large number of overlapping trajectories in a dense road network. Traj-clusiVAT can also determine the number of clusters, which represent different movement behaviors in input trajectory data. In our experiments, we compare our proposed approach with a mixed Markov model-based scheme and a trajectory clustering, NETSCAN-based TP method for both short- and long-term TPs. We performed our experiments on two real, vehicle trajectory datasets, including a large-scale trajectory dataset consisting of 3.28 million trajectories obtained from 15 061 taxis in Singapore over a period of one month. The experimental results on two real trajectory datasets show that our proposed approach outperforms the existing approaches in terms of both short- and long-term prediction performances, based on the prediction accuracy and distance error (in km).
Parameterized modules in Erlang (2003)

This paper describes how the Erlang programming language could be extended with parameterized modules, in a way that is compatible with existing code. This provides a powerful way of creating callbacks, that avoids the limitations involved with function closures, and extends current programming practices in a systematic way that also eliminates a common source of errors. The usage of parameterized modules is similar to Object-Oriented programming, and is naturally complemented by the currently underused feature of behaviours (interface declarations), which are also explained in detail.
Synthesis of 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-fructose (1992)

3-Deoxy-3-fluro-D-fructose has been synthesized using a new method for making ketoses involving hydroxyalkylation of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone using (benzyloxymethyl)tributylstannane–n-butyllithium.
Involvement of hippocampal cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathways in a late memory consolidation phase of aversively motivated learning in rats (1997)

cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway has been recently proposed to participate in both the late phase of long term potentiation in the hippocampus and in the late, protein synthesis-dependent phase of memory formation. Here we report that a late memory consolidation phase of an inhibitory avoidance learning is regulated by an hippocampal cAMP signaling pathway that is activated, at least in part, by D1/D5 receptors. Bilateral infusion of SKF 38393 (7.5 microg/side), a D1/D5 receptor agonist, into the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus, enhanced retention of a step-down inhibitory avoidance when given 3 or 6 h, but not immediately (0 h) or 9 h, after training. In contrast, full retrograde amnesia was obtained when SCH 23390 (0.5 microg/side), a D1/D5 receptor antagonist, was infused into the hippocampus 3 or 6 h after training. Intrahippocampal infusion of 8Br-cAMP (1.25 microg/side), or forskolin (0.5 microg/side), an activator of adenylyl cyclase, enhanced memory when given 3 or 6 h after training. KT5720 (0.5 microg/side), a specific inhibitor of PKA, hindered memory consolidation when given immediately or 3 or 6 h posttraining. Rats submitted to the avoidance task showed learning-specific increases in hippocampal 3H-SCH 23390 binding and in the endogenous levels of cAMP 3 and 6 h after training. In addition, PKA activity and P-CREB (phosphorylated form of cAMP responsive element binding protein) immunoreactivity increased in the hippocampus immediately and 3 and 6 h after training. Together, these findings suggest that the late phase of memory consolidation of an inhibitory avoidance is modulated cAMP/PKA signaling pathways in the hippocampus.
Spin-stand characterization of thermal stability in high density disk media (2000)

An experimental technique has been developed to characterize the thermal stability of recording media. We measured the remanent magnetization decay in a significant range under various reverse fields in a short time scale. By directly fitting the experimental data with an Arrhenius-Neel type model, the effective energy barrier distribution has been estimated. Unlike other previously reported techniques, this new technique enables more accurate analysis of energy barrier distribution and reliable evaluation of long-term stability for media with a wide range of thermal stability.