gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer-supported phase-transfer catalysts. Crown ethers and cryptands bonded by a long alkyl chain to a polystyrene matrix (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer-supported phase-transfer catalysts. Crown ethers and cryptands bonded by a long alkyl chain to a polystyrene matrixFernando Montanari and Pietro TundoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 10, 2125–2130Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00323a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00323a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views391Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New, practical synthesis of L-2-hydroxytryptophan and its derivatives (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew, practical synthesis of L-2-hydroxytryptophan and its derivativesM. Ohno, T. F. Spande, and B. WitkopCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 17, 2635–2637Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00931a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00931a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abnormalities of Cell-Membrane Fluidity in the Pathogenesis of Disease (1977)

Early in this century, colloid chemists debated about whether cells were bounded by a surface membrane. Today, they debate about the organization of molecules within that membrane. The research involved has led to two images of the cell membrane — as a sea of lipid with islands of protein and as a matrix of protein with lakes of lipid. Both concepts suggest that zones of fluid lipid within the membrane form the environment for membrane proteins. Much of this lipid is in the form of a bilamellar leaflet with hydrophilic portions that face the aqueous environment on either side and . . .
Real‐time conductivity imaging of temperature and tissue property changes during radiofrequency ablation: An ex vivo model using weighted frequency difference (2015)

We demonstrated the feasibility of time difference and weighted frequency difference conductivity imaging for real-time monitoring of temperature distribution and ablation region estimation during radiofrequency (RF) ablation. The electrical conductivity spectrum of biological tissue reflects mobility of ions in intra- and extra-cellular fluids and changes in cellular morphology induced by heating. The time series conductivity spectra were measured in an ex vivo bovine liver by a high-speed electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system. The EIT system was protected by filters to suppress RF energy and allow interleaved real-time imaging. We recorded time and weighted frequency-difference conductivity images and direct temperature variations at the ablation region and control region during 8 min ablation and for the following 66 min of cooling. Conductivity variation in regions of interest was compared with temperature recordings. Contours of conductivity change were visualized and compared to estimate the ablation area. EIT images confirmed increase of conductivity at all frequencies and loss of frequency conductivity change associated with loss of cellular structure. Time difference conductivity images showed changes due to both heating during ablation and heat dissipation following ablation together with tissue property changes. Weighted frequency-difference images presented persistent changes following heating due to the morphological change in the ablation zone.
Autocrine stimulation by osteopontin contributes to antiapoptotic signalling of melanocytes in dermal collagen. (2002)

The growth of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin, normally is restricted to the epidermis. Transformed melanocytes, which have invaded the dermis, however, have gained the ability to grow in this new environment and to counteract apoptosis induced by the dermal connective tissue. The expression of genes contributing to the survival of melanocytes in the dermal environment, therefore, might be involved in melanoma development. Using a differential display approach, we identified osteopontin as such a gene. In melanocytes, expression of the secreted adhesion protein OPN was up-regulated by the melanoma-inducing receptor tyrosine kinase Xmrk as well as by the fibroblast growth factor receptor, which plays a decisive role in human melanoma. Activation of both receptors triggered survival of melanocytes in three-dimensional dermal collagen gels. Competition experiments revealed that the presence of OPN in the medium as a result of receptor signaling was contributing to these effects. Addition of exogenous OPN allowed melanocytes to adhere, spread, and survive in three-dimensional collagen gels, whereas in the absence of OPN, the cells underwent apoptosis. The integrin alpha(v)beta(3) known to be involved in melanoma cell survival and growth was identified as an OPN receptor, which points to an OPN-mediated cross-talk between growth factor receptors and this integrin receptor in melanocytes. In summary, we could show that in melanocytes growth factor receptor-induced secretion of OPN can promote antiapoptotic signaling and mediate appropriate interactions with the extracellular matrix in an autocrine way. Our findings suggest a new role of growth factor receptors of the family of receptor tyrosine kinases in processes associated with melanoma development and progression.
Scene-based nonuniformity correction for focal plane arrays by the method of the inverse covariance form (2003)

What is to our knowledge a new scene-based algorithm for nonuniformity correction in infrared focal-plane array sensors has been developed. The technique is based on the inverse covariance form of the Kalman filter (KF), which has been reported previously and used in estimating the gain and bias of each detector in the array from scene data. The gain and the bias of each detector in the focal-plane array are assumed constant within a given sequence of frames, corresponding to a certain time and operational conditions, but they are allowed to randomly drift from one sequence to another following a discrete-time Gauss-Markov process. The inverse covariance form filter estimates the gain and the bias of each detector in the focal-plane array and optimally updates them as they drift in time. The estimation is performed with considerably higher computational efficiency than the equivalent KF. The ability of the algorithm in compensating for fixed-pattern noise in infrared imagery and in reducing the computational complexity is demonstrated by use of both simulated and real data.
Stimuli Responsive Poly(1-[11-acryloylundecyl]-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide): Dewetting and Nanoparticle Condensation Phenomena (2011)

A stimuli-responsive homopolymer poly(ILBr) is fabricated via a "two-phase" atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) process, where ILBr stands for the reactive ionic liquid surfactant, 1-[11-acryloylundecyl]-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide. An extraordinarily wide molecular weight distribution (PDI = 6.0) was obtained by introducing the initiator (4-bromomethyl methyl benzoate) in a heterogeneous two-phase process. The molecular weight distribution of poly(ILBr) was characterized by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The resulting homopolymer was found to be surface active and stimuli responsive. Poly(ILBr) films coated on quartz exhibit stimuli-responsive dewetting after ion exchange of Br(-) by PF(6)(-). This dewetting phenomenon can be understood in chain segmental terms as a stimuli-induced structural relaxation and appears to be the first such reported stimuli-responsive polymeric dewetting. Titrating aqueous poly(ILBr) with aqueous bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate induces nanophase separation and results in the condensation of nanoparticles 30-60 nm in diameter.
Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from dairy products and frozen vegetables to antibiotics inhibiting murein synthesis and to disinfectants. (2006)

The susceptibility of 96 strains of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food to antibiotics and disinfectants currently used in human therapy, veterinary, medicine and food industry was determined by a standard operating procedure--broth dilution method. Antimicrobial agents included the beta-lactams ampicillin and penicillin, the lantibiotic nisin, and the disinfectants benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate. Among the studied strains we found 13 strains with 8-fold, 7 strains with 16-fold and 2 strains with 32-fold decreased susceptibility to ampicillin, as determined by MIC, compared to wild type reference strain. Interestingly, the mentioned strains were isolated from frozen vegetables and soups, none of the isolates from dairy products showed any elevated resistance to the studied antimicrobial agents. The occurrence in food products of strains with increased resistance to ampicillin is disquieting, especially since 3-lactams are the most frequent antibiotic of choice in the therapy of infections caused by the pathogen.
The Driving School System: Learning Basic Driving Skills From a Teacher in a Real Car (2011)

To offer increased security and comfort, advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs) should consider individual driving styles. Here, we present a system that learns a human's basic driving behavior and demonstrate its use as ADAS by issuing alerts when detecting inconsistent driving behavior. In contrast to much other work in this area, which is based on or obtained from simulation, our system is implemented as a multithreaded parallel central processing unit (CPU)/graphics processing unit (GPU) architecture in a real car and trained with real driving data to generate steering and acceleration control for road following. It also implements a method for detecting independently moving objects (IMOs) for spotting obstacles. Both learning and IMO detection algorithms are data driven and thus improve above the limitations of model-based approaches. The system's ability to imitate the teacher's behavior is analyzed on known and unknown streets, and results suggest its use for steering assistance but limit the use of the acceleration signal to curve negotiation. We propose that this ability to adapt to the driver can lead to better acceptance of ADAS, which is an important sales argument.
High Voltage Stimulation (1985)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of electrode size on thresholds of sensory and motor excitation, strongest motor excitation without pain perception, and strongest motor excitation coupled with maximally tolerated painful stimulation. A high voltage stimulator with monophasic pulsatile current was applied to the quadriceps femoris muscles of 14 healthy subjects. Voltage output, pulse-charge density, and isometric muscle torque were measured during random application of four electrode pairs measuring 3 X 3, 6 X 6, 9 X 9, and 5 X 16.2 cm. Results indicated a dependence of the measured variables on electrode size; the larger electrodes required greater voltage output but less pulse-charge density than the smaller electrodes. The two largest electrodes evoked significantly greater non-painful and maximally tolerated painful muscle torques. Maximal volitional contraction increased 13.3% after completion of all stimulations. Electrode size should be considered by physical therapists when administering transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
A Synthesis of trans-10-Methyl-2-decalone<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Synthesis of trans-10-Methyl-2-decalone1Andre S. Dreiding and Arthur J. TomasewskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 2, 411–414Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01607a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01607a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Faraday rotation in magneto-optical semiconductor waveguides for integrated isolators (2006)

Magnetically doped Fe:InP and Fe:InGaAsP was characterized for verdict coefficient. The verdet coefficient was measured to be 180°/mm/T for Fe:InGaAsP, which is higher than YIG. High mesa waveguide of Fe doped InP/InGaAsP was fabricated and characterized. Faraday rotation in InP/InGaAsP waveguide was measured for the first time. The measured verdict coefficient is 33.3°/mm/T, which is only four times smaller than that of YIG.
pH and glucose dually responsive injectable hydrogel prepared by <i>in situ</i> crosslinking of phenylboronic modified chitosan and oxidized dextran (2015)

Injectable hydrogels with pH and glucose triggered drug release capability were synthesized based on biocompatible phenylboronic modified chitosan and oxidized dextran through the formation of covalent imine bond and phenylboronate ester. Rheological characterization demonstrated that the gelation rate was rapid, and the moduli of the hydrogels were able to be tuned with chemical composition as well as pH and glucose concentration of the polymer solution. Anticancer drugs could be incorporated inside the hydrogel through the in situ gel forming process and undergo a controlled release by altering pH or glucose concentration. The hydrogels had good biocompatibility with viable and proliferated cells cultured in the three dimensional matrix, and the cell proliferation was suppressed when a small amount of DOX was added, which is benefit for the application of the hydrogels as smart anticancer drug delivery system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1235–1244
Preparation of Magnetic Conducting Polymer and Its Characteristics (1985)

Magnetic conducting polymer films are prepared for the first time by impregnating metal or metal oxide powders like Fe or FeO in polypyrrole during an electrochemical polymerization. The electrical conductivity of this magnetic conducting film is a little lower than those of non-impregnated polymer films, because of the apparently increased film thickness. Clear hystereses are observed in the magnetization (M) versus magnetic field (H) curves, from which the saturated magnetic fields and coercive fields of 64.7 emu/g and 80 Oe, of 10.5 emu/g and 305 Oe, and of 8.7 emu/g and 210 Oe are evaluated in Fe powder, FeO powder and Fe 3 O 4 powder impregnated films, respectively.
Method and Apparatus for Transferring a Person (1997)

A method and vehicle preferably a wheelchair (10) for transporting and transferring an invalid person is described. The wheelchair has first and second frames (12 and 48) with drive wheels (18) between which is provided a chair (82) or support (83). The first frame has top and bottom sliding mechanisms (34 and 36) which are mounted by I-beam extensions (38 and 40) to the bars (24 and 26) of the first frame. The second frame has top and bottom rails (54 and 56) which are slidably connected to the sliding mechanisms of the first frame. The rails have slots (78) through which extend the center portions (38C and 40C) of the extensions which allow the first frame to move along the length of the rails. The bottom rails have front wheels (60), intermediate wheels (68) and stabilizing wheels (70). The chair is connected to the second frame by belts (84) and ratchets (86) and has a lifting system (90). In use, the wheelchair is moved adjacent the open doorway (104) of the automotive vehicle (100) and the second frame with the chair and person are slid over the seat (102). As the second frame moves, the second frame tilts such that the intermediate wheels touch the ground surface (72). The seat is lowered using the ratchets and removed from the wheelchair.
Site-directed Mutagenesis in the B-Neuropilin-2 Domain Selectively Enhances Its Affinity to VEGF165, but Not to Semaphorin 3F (2007)

Neuropilins (NRPs) are 130-kDa receptors that bind and respond to the class 3 semaphorin family of axon guidance molecules (SEMAs) and to members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of angiogenic factors. Two NRPs have been reported so far, NRP1 and NRP2. Unlike NRP1, little is known about NRP2 interactions with its ligands, VEGF165 and SEMA3F. Cell binding studies reveal that VEGF165 and SEMA3F bind NRP2 with similar affinities, 5.2 and 3.9 nM, respectively, and are competitive NRP2 ligands. Immunoprecipitation studies show that the B (b1b2) extracellular domain of NRP2 is sufficient for VEGF165 binding, whereas SEMA3F requires both the A (a1a2) and B domains. To identify residues of B-NRP2 involved in VEGF165 binding, point mutations were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. VEGF165 is a basic protein. Reduction of the electronegative potential of B-NRP2 by exchanging acidic residues for uncharged alanine (B-NRP2 E284A,E291A) in the 280-290 b1-NRP2 loop resulted in a 2-fold reduction in VEGF165 affinity. Conversely, enhancing the electronegative potential (B-NRP2 R287E,N290D and R287E,N290S) significantly increased VEGF165 affinity for B-NRP2 by 8- and 6.6-fold, respectively. The mutagenesis did not affect SEMA3F/B-NRP2 interactions. These results demonstrate that it is possible to alter VEGF165 affinity for NRP2 without affecting SEMA3F affinity. They also identify NRP2 residues involved in VEGF165 binding and suggest that modifications of B-NRP2 could lead to potentially high affinity selective inhibitors of VEGF165/NRP2 interactions.
A Study of the Oxidation of Ethylene to Ethylene Oxide on a Silver Catalyst (1950)

A study has been made of the direct oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide in a flowing system under the catalytic action of silver. Various catalysts were prepared and one containing 10 per cent. barium carbonate, having a high and sustained activity, was selected for a detailed examination of the influence of reaction conditions on the yield of ethylene oxide. It has been found that the percentage ethylene in the reaction mixture can be varied widely without greatly changing the yield of ethylene oxide, but that the conversion is decreased by increasing the ethylene content. The yield increases with increasing oxygen content until the latter reaches 20 per cent. after which further enrichment with oxygen has little effect. The presence of water vapour slightly increases the yield, hut considerably decreases conversion. The yield is much decreased by diminishing the reaction pressure. Highest yields (73 per cent.) were obtained when small amounts of ethylene dichloride were added to the reactants but at the expense of low conversion. Propylene and isobutylene yielded only carbon dioxide and water when oxidized in the presence of a silver catalyst. The results are discussed in relation to the reaction mechanism suggested by Twigg(1).
Specific Targeting of Peripheral Serotonin 5-HT<sub>3</sub>Receptors. Synthesis, Biological Investigation, and Structure−Activity Relationships (2009)

The synthesis and the biological characterization of novel highly selective pyrroloquinoxaline 5-HT(3) receptor (5-HT(3)R) ligands are described. In functional and in vivo biological studies the novel quinoxalines modulated cardiac parameters by direct interaction with myocardial 5-HT(3)Rs. The potent 5-HT(3)R ligands 4h and 4n modulate chronotropy (right atrium) but not inotropy (left atrium) at the cardiac level, being antagonist and partial agonist, respectively. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies indicate that (S)-4n and 4a, representatives of the novel 5-HT(3)R ligands, possess poor blood-brain barrier permeability, being the prototypes of peripherally acting 5-HT(3)R modulators endowed with a clear-cut pharmacological activity at the cardiac level. The unique properties of 4h and 4n, compared to their previously described centrally active N-methyl analogue 5a, are mainly due to the hydrophilic groups at the distal piperazine nitrogen. These analogues represent novel pharmacological tools for investigating the role of peripheral 5-HT(3)R in the modulation of cardiac parameters.
Preparation of Aryloxetanes and Arylazetidines by Use of an Alkyl−Aryl Suzuki Coupling (2008)

The oxetan-3-yl and azetidin-3-yl substituents have previously been identified as privileged motifs within medicinal chemistry. An efficient approach to installing these two modules into aromatic systems, using a nickel-mediated alkyl-aryl Suzuki coupling, is presented.
Low temperature preparation of the SiO/sub 2/ films with low interface trap density using ECR diffusion and ECR CVD method (2002)

Silicon oxide films were grown by Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) diffusion and the ECR CVD method at low temperature. An MOS capacitor with 250 /spl Aring/ of oxide grown by ECR diffusion had a lower interface trap density of 4.24/spl times/10/sup 9/ cm/sup -2//spl middot/eV/sup -1/ than direct PECVD and remote PECVD. The measured interface oxide charge density for this film was 6.88/spl times/10/sup 11/ cm/sup -2/. In the case of the ECR CVD method, interface trap density was lower than 2.01/spl times/10/sup 10/ cm/sup -2//spl middot/eV/sup -1/.