gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vimentin is preferentially expressed in high-grade ductal and medullary, but not in lobular breast carcinomas. (1990)

Two hundred sixty-two invasive breast carcinomas dating from 1979 to 1984 were tested for vimentin and keratin on formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. None of 26 lobular carcinomas expressed vimentin. Vimentin expression in 10% or more of tumor cells was found in 78% of medullary (14 of 18), in 16% of ductal not otherwise specified (NOS) (35 of 214), and in two of four mucinous carcinomas. A further seven tumors showed vimentin expression in less than 1% to 10% of the cells. Vimentin was expressed in tumor cells of 30% (28 of 93) of grade III invasive ductal NOS carcinomas versus 7% (7 of 105) of grade II and 0% of grade I carcinomas (0 of 10). Vimentin was found to be preferentially expressed in tumors growing in broad, often anastomosing bands or sheets with extensive necrosis, scanty supportive stroma, high nuclear grade, and numerous mitoses. The authors conclude that vimentin is not detected in lobular carcinomas, but is preferentially expressed in medullary and in high-grade ductal NOS breast carcinomas.
Improving wireless privacy with an identifier-free link layer protocol (2008)

We present the design and evaluation of an 802.11-like wireless link layer protocol that obfuscates all transmitted bits to increase privacy. This includes explicit identifiers such as MAC addresses, the contents of management messages, and other protocol fields that the existing 802.11 protocol relies on to be sent in the clear. By obscuring these fields, we greatly increase the difficulty of identifying or profiling users from their transmissions in ways that are otherwise straightforward. Our design, called SlyFi, is nearly as efficient as existing schemes such as WPA for discovery, link setup, and data delivery despite its heightened protections; transmission requires only symmetric key encryption and reception requires a table lookup followed by symmetric key decryption. Experiments using our implementation on Atheros 802.11 drivers show that SlyFi can discover and associate with networks faster than 802.11 using WPA-PSK. The overhead SlyFi introduces in packet delivery is only slightly higher than that added by WPA-CCMP encryption (10% vs. 3% decrease in throughput).
Simultaneous distributed fibre temperature and strain sensor using microwave coherent detection of spontaneous Brillouin backscatter (2001)

Simultaneous optical fibre distributed strain and temperature measurements have been obtained, by measuring the spontaneous Brillouin intensity and frequency shift, using the technique of microwave heterodyne detection. The enhanced stability from using a single coherent source combined with optical preamplification results in a highly accurate sensor. Using this sensor, distributed temperature sensing at 57 km and simultaneous distributed strain and temperature sensing at 30 km were achieved, the longest reported sensing lengths to date for these measurements. As a simultaneous strain and temperature sensor, a strain resolution of 100 µε and temperature resolution of 4 °C were achieved.
A 90ns 256K × 1b DRAM with double level A1 technology (1983)

A 256K DRAM with 90 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\overline{RAS}</tex> access time using double level aluminum technology will be reported. Employed are 1.3μ design rules and 160Å effective oxide thickness in a cell area of 66.5μ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Chip area is 34mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Optimum design of FIR switched-capacitor decimators using low-gain amplifiers (1988)

Strategies are presented for the optimum design of FIR switched-capacitor decimators using low-gain amplifiers. It is illustrated that one such new design improves the amplitude response of an existing circuit when the DC gain of the amplifiers is as low as 100.
Failure sketching (2015)

Developers spend a lot of time searching for the root causes of software failures. For this, they traditionally try to reproduce those failures, but unfortunately many failures are so hard to reproduce in a test environment that developers spend days or weeks as ad-hoc detectives. The shortcomings of many solutions proposed for this problem prevent their use in practice.
A semiconductor strain gage tactile transducer (2002)

This paper describes the development of a semiconductor strain gage tactile transducer. It was designed with the goal of measuring finger forces without affecting the hand dexterity. The transducer structure was manufactured with stainless steel and has small dimensions (4 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness). It is light and suitable to connect to the finger pads. It has a device that prevents its damage when overforces are applied. The semiconductor strain gage was used due its small size and high sensitivity, although it has high temperature sensitivity. Theory, design and construction details are presented. The signal conditioning circuit is very simple because the semiconductor strain gage sensitivity is high. It presents linear response from 0 to 100 N, 0.5 N resolution, fall time of 7.2 ms, good repeatability, and small hysteresis. The semiconductor strain gage transducer has characteristics that can make it very useful in rehabilitation engineering, robotics, and medicine.
P001 GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR IMPROVES MUCOSAL REPAIR DURING ACTIVE DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM-INDUCED COLITIS (2007)

Over 80% of CD patients undergoing resection of terminal ileum +/-right colon suffer recurrence. Aminosalicylates, nitroimidazoles and azathioprine (AZA) reduce severity of recurrence. Endoscopic lesions predict the clinical course of CD. Goal: to examine if a combination of AZA + 3 months of metronidazole (MET) reduces postoperative CD recurrence. Methods: high risk CD pts undergoing ileocecal resection were started immediately after surgery on open label MET 250 mg TID for 3 months + AZA (100 mg/day if BW< 60 kg, 150 mg/day if BW>60 kg) or placebo (PLA) for 12 months and underwent ileocolonoscopy at 3 and 12 months. Primary endpoint was the proportion of pts with severe endoscopic recurrence (Rutgeerts i2-4).
Dopamine and bromocriptine inhibit cyclic AMP accumulation in the anterior pituitary: the effect of cholera toxin. (1982)

Although dopamine clearly inhibits prolactin release from the anterior pituitary gland, the biochemical events occurring subsequent to the activation of the dopamine receptor are poorly understood. We have shown that dopamine reduces the concentration of cyclic AMP within 5 min in primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells. This action could be blocked with pretreatment of the cells with the dopamine antagonist spiperone. The long-lasting dopamine agonist bromocriptine also reduced cyclic AMP accumulation in parallel with the inhibitory effect of this drug on prolactin release. Cholera toxin enhanced prolactin release and cyclic AMP content of the anterior pituitary cells, but did not totally annul the efficacy of dopamine or bromocriptine to inhibit prolactin secretion and cyclic AMP accumulation.
Between molecules and morphology. Extracellular matrix and creation of vascular form. (1995)

In response to an angiogenic stimulus, ECs initiate programs of gene expression that result in the quantitative alteration of gene products within nuclear, cytoplasmic, cell surface, and extracellular compartments. During the formation of new microvasculature, patterns of molecular expression among individual ECs must direct the creation of complex, multicellular morphologies in two and three dimensions. Studies in vitro indicate that cell-generated forces of tension can organize ECM into structures that direct the behavior of single cells (via influences on cellular elongation, alignment, and migration) and that provide positional information for the creation of multicellular patterns. Significantly, the formation of organized matrical structures is controlled by gene products (of ECs or other cell types that populate the ECM) that influence the balance between the forces of cellular tension and the viscoelastic resistance of the ECM. Regulation of relevant genes could be accomplished by soluble molecular signals (eg, growth factors) and/or solid-state signals arising from specific arrangements of cytoskeletal structure that, in turn, are a function of the equilibrium between cellular tension and matrical resistance. Within cells, information for the construction of complex organelles is encoded in the shapes of the constituent molecules. Similarly, the creation of complex vascular architecture must be mediated by molecular shapes, a fact that is readily apparent in simple receptor-ligand interactions such as the binding of growth factors to ECs or the attachment of ECs to one another. However, between molecules and morphology also exists a set of multilayered, interactive, multimolecular systems that establish vascular form at unicellular and multicellular levels. Characterization of these systems is an elusive target that resides at the frontier of vascular biology; the identification of models in vitro that accurately reproduce macroscale events of vascular morphogenesis should advance considerably our understanding of vascular development and lead to an elucidation of its regulation in vivo.
Gold Nanoparticles Inhibited the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand (RANKL)-Induced Osteoclast Formation by Acting as an Antioxidant (2010)

Gold nanoparticles inhibited osteoclast (OC) formation induced by the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). This was accompanied by a decreased level of tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase (TRAP) and less activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. The nanoparticles also reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to RANKL and upregulated RANKL-induced glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx-1), suggesting a role as an antioxidant in the BMM. The inhibitory effects on OC formation might have been due to elevated defense against oxidative stress.
Case-based intelligent e-learning systems (2005)

Case based reasoning (CBR) technology presents a foundation for a new technology of building intelligent systems for teaching, learning and training. This Technology directly addresses the problems found in the traditional artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, e.g. the problems of knowledge acquisition, remembering, robust and maintenance. This paper discusses the CBR methodology, the research issues and technical aspects of implementing effective intelligent e-learning systems. Some examples of successful applications in different domain are also given in the paper.
A spirohydantoin derivative of oxymorphone: An agonist with delayed antagonist activity (1989)

We have synthesized a novel derivative of oxymorphone, oxymorphone-6 alpha-spirohydantoin. The derivative was less toxic in mice than the parent compound and it showed a significant anticonvulsive activity. It exerted agonist effects in doses lower than those of morphine and its agonist effects were longer lasting. Furthermore, both oxymorphone and the 6-spirohydantoin showed definite antagonist properties 48 hr later: they prevented analgesic effects of morphine. The antagonist effects of the derivative persisted for a week.
Treatment of post herpetic neuralgia in the elderly (1990)

The incidence of acute herpes zoster and post herpetic neuralgia (PHN) increases with age. PHN resolves spontaneously within three months in approximately 50% of cases, although 22% experience discomfort for more than a year. There is little good evidence that treatment with antiviral agents, corticosteroids, local and regional anaesthesia, amantadine or levodopa in the acute stage can prevent the development of PHN. However, few studies have sufficient statistical power to allow firm conclusions to be drawn. Amitriptyline is beneficial in patients with established PHN and has an analgesic effect which is independent of its antidepressant action. Anticonvulsants and neuroleptics are of unproven efficacy and should be avoided in the elderly as side effects are common. Various local anaesthetic and surgical techniques may provide temporary relief in individual patients although none has been shown to produce consistent benefit. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is free from adverse effects and appears to benefit some patients. Intractable pain often results in over-prescribing with the risk of adverse drug reactions. Drug therapy should be minimized with careful assessment of the risk/benefit ratio for any additional medication.
Dose-related effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha isopropylester on intraocular pressure, refraction, and pupil diameter in monkeys. (1991)

Topical application of Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) to the eye reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in all mammalian species studied thus far, including humans. The L-isopropylester derivative is currently the one most commonly used in experimental and clinical studies. Dose-response relationships were determined between PGF2 alpha-IE and IOP, pupillary diameter, and refraction in ketamine-anesthetized ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. Single doses of 10 and 30 micrograms had smaller and less consistent but longer lasting IOP-lowering effects than repeated doses (twice daily for 3 days) of 1-5 micrograms. For repeated dosing in this manner, the just-maximal dose is probably between 2-5 micrograms, producing a approximately 70% reduction in IOP to a final IOP of approximately 5 mm Hg. Continuing treatment for up to 18 days did not further enhance the efficacy of twice daily treatment with a submaximal 1-microgram dose. Partial reversal of anesthesia-induced tonic accommodation occurred with single 10- and 30-micrograms doses and with repeated 1-microgram doses, but additional myopia of 0.5-1.5 diopters was induced with repeated higher doses. These physiologic findings and previous morphologic data are consistent with a proposed dual PG action on the ciliary muscle, one involving a short-onset long-lasting direct effect on the muscle fibers (causing relaxation and narrowing of the muscle bundles) and the second involving a slowly developing but shorter duration dissolution of the intermuscular connective tissues.
Nonlinear 1-bit precoding for massive MU-MIMO with higher-order modulation (2016)

Massive multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is widely believed to be a core technology for the upcoming fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication standards. The use of low-precision digital-to-analog converters (DACs) in MU-MIMO base stations is of interest because it reduces the power consumption, system costs, and raw baseband data rates. In this paper, we develop novel algorithms for downlink precoding in massive MU-MIMO systems with 1-bit DACs that support higher-order modulation schemes such as 8-PSK or 16-QAM. Specifically, we present low-complexity nonlinear precoding algorithms that achieve low error rates when combined with blind or training-based channel-estimation algorithms at the user equipment. These results are in stark contrast to linear-quantized precoding algorithms, which suffer from a high error floor if used with high-order modulation schemes and 1-bit DACs.
Failure Mode for AC Drives on High Resistance Grounded Systems (2006)

High resistance grounding (HRG) is the preferred method of grounding in several industrial power distribution systems because of safety and reliability concerns. In this paper, a failure mode for AC drives on HRG systems is investigated. The cause of the failure is identified to be due to the interaction between the EMC circuitry of the drives. Simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the failure mode. User manuals of several drive manufacturers are reviewed and recommendations for operating drives on HRG systems are provided
Design and Analysis of Stream Cipher for Network Security (2010)

This paper mainly analysis and describe the design issue of stream ciphers in Network security as the streams are widely used to protecting the privacy of digital information. A variety of attacks against stream cipher exist;(algebraic and so on). These attacks have been very successful against a variety of stream ciphers. So in this paper efforts have been done to design and analyze stream ciphers. The main contribution is to design new stream ciphers through analysis of the algebraic immunity of Boolean functions and S-Boxes. In this paper, the cryptographic properties of non-linear transformation have been used for designing of stream ciphers Many LFSR (Linear feedback Shift Register) based stream ciphers use non-linear Boolean function to destroy the linearity of the LFSR(s) output. Many of these designs have been broken by algebraic attacks. Here we analyze a popular and cryptographically significant class of non-linear Boolean functions for their resistance to algebraic attacks.
The clinical epidemiology of male osteoporosis: a review of the recent literature (2015)

Osteoporosis, a musculoskeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fragility fractures, is now recognized as an important public health problem in men. Osteoporotic fractures, particularly of the hip, result in significant morbidity and mortality in men and lead to considerable societal costs. Many national and international organizations now address screening and treatment for men in their osteoporosis clinical guidelines. However, male osteoporosis remains largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of recent findings in male osteoporosis, including pathophysiology, epidemiology, and incidence and burden of fracture, and discuss current knowledge about the evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis in males. In particular, clinical practice guidelines, fracture risk assessment, and evidence of treatment effectiveness in men are addressed.
Ovarian cancer screening (1993)

A large multiinstitutional study is indicated to determine if annual TVS screening will cause a significant decrease in site-specific mortality from ovarian cancer.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of sparsomycin analogs (1983)

Three series of sparsomycin analogues were prepared and examined for their ability to inhibit DNA or protein synthesis in bone marrow, P388 lymphocytic leukemia, and P815 mastocytoma cells. The compounds of series I and II, distinguished by the inclusion or exclusion of a hydroxymethyl functional group, were designed to elucidate the effect on activity of replacing the oxodithioacetal side chain of sparsomycin with 4-substituted benzyl groups. The series III analogues, which excluded the hydroxymethyl group and replaced the oxodithioacetal moiety of sparsomycin with a benzyl amide group, were designed to investigate the potential interaction of an amide oxygen in contrast to the sulfoxide oxygen of sparsomycin. Overall, the bromobenzyl-substituted analogues imparted the greatest inhibitory activity in the protein synthesis assay, while the methoxybenzyl-substituted analogues displayed the least. The methylbenzyl and the unsubstituted benzyl compounds were intermediate in inhibitory potential. The activity in the protein synthesis assay may correspond to the lipophilic and electronic characteristics of the substituents on the benzyl moiety of the analogues. All of the compounds were inactive in the DNA synthesis assay.
Building efficient spectrum-agile devices for dummies (2012)

Spectrum management and device coordination for Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) networks have received significant research attention. However, current wireless devices have yet to fully embrace DSA networks due to the difficulties in realizing spectrum-agile communications. We address the practical hurdles and present solutions towards implementing DSA devices, answering an important question "what is a simple practical extension to current wireless devices that makes them spectrum-agile?" To this end, we propose RODIN, a general per-frame spectrum-shaping protocol that has the following features to support DSA in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) wireless devices: (a) direct manipulation of passband signals from COTS devices, (b) fast FPGA-based spectrum shaping, and (c) a novel preamble design for spectrum agreement. RODIN uses an FPGA-based spectrum shaper together with a preamble I-FOP to achieve per-frame spectrum shaping with a delay of under 10 μ s.
Heterogeneity of anticardiolipin antibodies defined by the anticardiolipin cofactor (1992)

Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) found in sera from patients with SLE react with cardiolipin (CL) in the presence of a 50-kDa serum cofactor. The cofactor, which was identified to be beta 2-glycoprotein I by sequencing the N-terminal amino acids, not only enhances CL binding by antibodies in SLE but also depresses it by antibodies associated with syphilis. Cofactor-dependent binding of aCL in SLE to solid phase CL was competitively inhibited by the simultaneous addition of fluid phase CL but was unaffected by either prior or simultaneous addition of a high excess of the cofactor. Binding of aCL in syphilis to solid phase CL was competitively inhibited by either addition of the cofactor or fluid phase CL. aCL in SLE reacted with CL, PS, and PA in the presence of cofactor. In contrast, biotinyl-cofactor bound directly to these anionic phospholipids (PL) and also to PG. These results show that the cofactor-CL complex bears an epitope that confers recognition specificity for aCL in SLE, in contrast with direct CL recognition by syphilitic aCL. The direct binding of the cofactor to PL suggests that the cofactor dependence of aCL binding to PL is due to recognition by aCL of a unique epitope generated upon the formation of the cofactor-CL complex.
Zielgerichtete Anpassung von Software nach der Evolution von kontextspezifischem Wissen. (2014)

In der Softwareentwicklung wird zu einer gegebenen Menge von Anforderungen eine passende Softwarelosung gesucht. Die Anforderungen werden dabei in einem domanenspezifischen Kontext interpretiert. Das kontextspezifische Wissen kann im Laufe der Zeit jedoch evolvieren, wodurch die geschaffene Losung nicht mehr unbedingt die Anforderungen erfullt. Die somit ”veraltete“ Losung muss dann angepasst werden. Ein Beispiel mit Bezug zur IT-Sicherheit ist die Anforderung, dass fur eine Anwendung sensible Daten sicher verschlusselt sein sollen. Bis in die Mitte der 90er Jahre galt der Data Encryption Standard (DES) als relativ sicher und ware als mogliche Losung in Betracht gekommen. Aufgrund von heutiger Rechenleistung kann DES mit einer Schlussellange von 56 Bit jedoch relativ einfach mit einem Brute-Force-Angriff gebrochen werden. Heutzutage wurde somit nicht mehr DES sondern die Weiterentwicklung Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) zur Erfullung der Anforderung genutzt werden. Obwohl sich die Anforderung als solche nicht geandert hat, muss die vorliegende Losung, die in den 90er Jahren auf Basis des damaligen Wissens entstanden ist, aufgrund der Evolution des kryptographischen Wissens angepasst werden. Um die Anpassung einer Software nach der Evolution von kontextspezifischem Wissen zielgerichtet zu unterstutzen, muss analysiert werden, welche Auswirkungen das geanderte Wissen auf die Anforderungen hat und wie diese mit der Losung zusammenhangen. Im Rahmen des DFG Priority Programme 1593 untersucht das Projekt SecVolution [JS12] dieses Problem in Bezug auf Sicherheitsanforderungen und sicherheitsspezifisches Wissen.