gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple Direct--Coupled Power MOSFET Audio Amplifier Topology Featuring Bias Stabilization (1982)

Utilizing the high gain and high input impedance of short channel power MOSFETs, a simple circuit has been devised to provide sufficient drive for amplifiers up to 200 watts output. The circuit described features automatic control of the quiescent bias level and offers performance which meets criteria for high quality audio reproduction.
Cytoprotective effects of amifostine, ascorbic acid and N-acetylcysteine against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats (2014)

MTX-induced structural and functional damage to hepatic tissues in rats may involve oxidative stress, and cytoprotective agents (NAC > AMF > ASC) may alleviate MTX hepatotoxicity.
Pushing the Theoretical Limit of Li-CF<sub><i>x</i></sub> Batteries: A Tale of Bifunctional Electrolyte (2014)

In a typical battery, the inert electrolyte functions solely as the ionic conductor without contribution to the cell capacity. Here we demonstrate that the most energy-dense Li-CF(x) battery delivers a capacity exceeding the theoretical maximum of CF(x) with a solid electrolyte of Li3PS4 (LPS) that has dual functions: as the inert electrolyte at the anode and the active component at the cathode. Such a bifunctional electrolyte reconciles both inert and active characteristics through a synergistic discharge mechanism of CF(x) and LPS. The synergy at the cathode is through LiF, the discharge product of CF(x), which activates the electrochemical discharge of LPS at a close electrochemical potential of CF(x). Therefore, the solid-state Li-CF(x) batteries output 126.6% energy beyond their theoretic limits without compromising the stability of the cell voltage. The additional energy comes from the electrochemical discharge of LPS, the inert electrolyte. This bifunctional electrolyte revolutionizes the concept of conventional batteries and opens a new avenue for the design of batteries with unprecedented energy density.
Simultaneous Determination of Residues of Emamectin and Its Metabolites, and Milbemectin, Ivermectin, and Abamectin in Crops by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection (2001)

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for the determination of emamectin and its metabolites (8,9-Z-isomer, N-demethylated, N-formylated, and N-methylformylated emamectin) in various crops. The analytes were extracted with acetone, cleaned up on cartridge columns (C18 and NH2), derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride and 1-methylimidazole, and determined by LC with fluorescence detection. Because radish inhibited the formation of the fluorescent derivatives, an additional Bond Elut PRS cartridge was used in the cleanup of Japanese radish samples. During sample preparation, N-formylated emamectin partially degraded to emamectin B1b and emamectin B1a, and the 8,9-Z-isomer partially degraded to N-demethylated emamectin. Therefore, emamectin and its metabolites were determined as total emamectin, i.e., their sum was estimated as emamectin benzoate. Their recoveries from most crops were approximately 80-110% with the developed method. The detection limits for the analytes in vegetables were 0.1-0.3 parts per trillion (ppt). The results for these compounds were confirmed by LC/mass spectrometry (LC/MS; electrospray ionization mode). Because the fluorescent derivative of emamectin was undetectable by LC/MS, the results for the analyte were confirmed by using a sample solution without derivatization. Limits of detection by LC/MS were similar to the fluorescence detection limits, 0.1-0.3 ppt in vegetables. In addition to the emamectins, milbemectin, ivermectin, and abamectin were also determined by the developed method.
Low Abundance of Circulating Tumor DNA in Localized Prostate Cancer (2019)

ABSTRACT Despite decreased screening-based detection of clinically insignificant tumors, most diagnosed prostate cancers are still indolent, indicating a need for better strategies for detection of clinically significant disease prior to treatment. We hypothesized that patients with detectable circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) were more likely to harbor aggressive disease. We applied ultra-low pass whole genome sequencing to profile cell-free DNA from 112 patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and performed targeted resequencing of plasma DNA for somatic mutations previously identified in matched solid tumor in nine cases. We also performed similar analyses on patients with metastatic prostate cancer. In all cases of localized disease, even in clinically high-risk patients who subsequently recurred, we did not detect ctDNA by either method in plasma acquired before surgery or before recurrence. In contrast, ctDNA was detected from patients with metastatic disease. Our findings demonstrate clear differences between localized and advanced prostate cancer with respect to the dissemination and detectability of ctDNA. Because allele-specific alterations in ctDNA are below the threshold for detection in localized prostate cancer, other approaches to identify cell-free nucleic acids of tumor origin may demonstrate better specificity for aggressive disease.
Chondrocyte‐specific <i>Smad4</i> gene conditional knockout results in hearing loss and inner ear malformation in mice (2009)

Smad4 is the central intracellular mediator of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling, which plays crucial roles in tissue regeneration, cell differentiation, embryonic development, and regulation of the immune system. Conventional Smad4 gene knockout results in embryonic lethality, precluding its use in studies of the role of Smad4 in inner ear development. We used chondrocyte-specific Smad4 knockout mice (Smad4Co/Co) to investigate the function of Smad4 in inner ear development. Smad4Co/Co mice were characterized by a smaller cochlear volume, bone malformation, and abnormalities of the osseous spiral lamina and basilar membrane. The development of the hair cells was also abnormal, as evidenced by the disorganized stereocilia and reduced density of the neuronal processes beneath the hair cells. Auditory function tests revealed the homozygous Smad4Co/Co mice suffered from severe sensorineural hearing loss. Our results suggest that Smad4 is required for inner ear development and normal auditory function in mammals.
[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome: morphological aspects (author's transl)]. (1978)

In this paper we present the basic principles underlying the DenK-system, a generic cooperative interface combining linguistic and visual interaction. The system integrates results from fundamental research in knowledge representation, communication, natural language semantics and pragmatics, and object-oriented animation. Our design incorporates a cooperative and knowledgeable electronic assistant that communicates with a user in natural language, and an application domain, which is\npresented visually. The assistant, that we call the cooperator, has an information state that is represented in a rich form of Type Theory, a formalism that enables us to model the inherent cognitive dynamics of a dialogue participant. Pragmatic issues in man-machine interaction, concerning the use of natural language and knowledge in cooperative communication, are central to our approach.
Anterior cingulate cortex contributes to the descending facilitatory modulation of pain via dorsal reticular nucleus (2005)

Supraspinal centres biphasically modulate spinal nociceptive transmission, including descending inhibition and facilitation. Recent studies have revealed that descending facilitatory modulation is a key mechanism underlying induction and maintenance of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is not only involved in the transmission of pain sensation but also plays a role in processing pain-related emotion. The ACC also widely connects with relevant regions of the descending modulation system. Here we used electrophysiological and behavioural techniques to study the possible pathways behind the modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission from the ACC. C-fibre-evoked field potentials in the spinal dorsal horn were produced by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve at an intensity high enough to excite C fibres, and paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs) to noxious heating were recorded. The results showed that high-frequency tetanic electrical stimulation of the ACC both unilaterally enhanced the C-fibre-evoked field potentials in the spinal dorsal horn and bilaterally shortened PWLs, indicating a facilitation of spinal nociception. A similar effect was observed after microinjection of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA; 10 nm, 1 microL) or homocysteic acid (HCA; 0.1 m, 1 microL) into the ACC. When the dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt) was electrolytically lesioned, ACC-induced facilitation of spinal nociception was blocked. These results imply that: (i) activation of the ACC may facilitate spinal nociception; (ii) NMDA receptors in the ACC may be involved in descending facilitation; and (iii) the DRt plays a crucial role in mediating ACC-induced facilitation of spinal nociception.
A non‐associative lattice‐based public key cryptosystem (2011)

Abstract In this paper we will prove that a lattice‐based public key cryptosystem based on non‐associative algebra is not only feasible but also arguably more secure than the existing lattice based cryptosystems such as NTRU, because its lattice does not fully fit within circular and convolutional modular lattice (CCML). The underlying algebraic structure of the proposed non‐associative cryptosystem is the power‐associative and alternative octonions algebra which can be defined over any Dedekind domain such as convolution polynomial ring. Besides the detailed specification of the proposed cryptosystem, we have proved that the security of the proposed scheme relies on the difficulty of the finding shortest vector in a certain kind of lattice. Since there is no isomorphic matrix representation for octonions, the only method for attacking the proposed cryptosystem and finding a spurious key for decryption is to form a lattice of dimension 16. N which is eight times larger than the NTRU lattice. By reducing the dimension of the underlying convolution polynomial ring ( N ) and using optimization techniques, we can increase the encryption and decryption speed, to a level equal to NTRU. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 94A60, 11T71 Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of genotoxic enzyme activities by non-digestible oligosaccharide metabolism in in-vitro human gut bacterial ecosystems (2001)

Supplementation of the human diet with prebiotic substances such as inulin and non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO), e.g., galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), has been associated with various health benefits. However, little information is available regarding the spatial location of their metabolism in human gut bacterial ecosystems. Therefore, the present study investigated the metabolism of inulin and GOS with respect to bacterial growth, bifidobacterial stimulatory properties and anti-mutagenicity potential, in a three-stage continuous culture model of the colon which reproduces the physicochemical characteristics of the proximal (V1) and distal (V2, V3) colons. Fermentation of both carbohydrates was rapid, and occurred primarily in V1, as evidenced by acid formation. Inulin metabolism was associated with 10-fold stimulation of lactobacillus populations, together with smaller increases in bifidobacterial cell counts in V1. However, peptostreptococci, enterococci and Clostridium perfringens also increased in this fermentation vessel. In contrast, GOS was only weakly bifidogenic in V1, although these bacteria did proliferate in V2. GOS also increased lactobacilli by an order of magnitude in V1. However, overall changes in microbial populations resulting from inulin or GOS addition were minimal in V2 and V3. Potential beneficial effects of inulin metabolism included minor reductions in beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase, whereas GOS strongly suppressed these enzymes, together with arylsulphatase (AS). Growth of putatively health promoting micro-organisms was not only associated with reductions in enzymes linked to genotoxicity. For example, both carbohydrates stimulated synthesis of nitroreductase and azoreductase, throughout the fermentation system, while inulin increased AS. Colonic transit time is an important factor in bacterial metabolism in the large bowel, and these data suggest that, in some circumstances, NDO fermentation will occurprincipally in the proximal colon.
Biometric Identification System Based on Electrocardiogram Data (2008)

Recent advancements in computing and digital signal processing technologies have made automated identification of people based on their biological, physiological, or behavioral traits a feasible approach for access control. The wide variety of available technologies has also increased the number of traits and features that can be collected and used to more accurately identify people. Systems that use biological, physiological, or behavioral trait to grant access to resources are called biometric systems. In this paper we present a biometric identification system based on the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. The system extracts 24 temporal and amplitude features from an ECG signal and after processing, reduces the set of features to the nine most relevant features. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the system is accurate and robust and can achieve a 100% identification rate with the reduced set of features.
Tunable Aharonov-Bohm effect in an electron interferometer (1989)

The Aharonov-Bohm effect has been investigated in submicrometer-sized annuli fabricated from GaAs-${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$As heterostructures constructed with a narrow metal gate intercepting one branch of the rings. The gate locally alters the phase of the confined electron wave function, making these rings act as tunable electron interferometers. The amplitude and phase of the magnetoresistance oscillations were controlled over a\ensuremath{\approxeq}1 V gate voltage range. Although the device can discriminate between a shift in Feynman trajectories and the electrostatic Aharonov-Bohm effect, no phenomena periodic in gate potential characteristic of the latter were resolved.
Flash Annealing Technology for USJ: Modeling and Metrology (2006)

Millisecond annealing either by flash lamp or laser appears to be the leading approach to meet the needs of ultra-shallow junction annealing and polysilicon activation for advanced technology nodes. There are many advantages to this technology including high electrical activation, excellent lateral abruptness, controlled and limited dopant diffusion and the ability to engineer the extended defects remaining from the ion implantation. There are also many challenges such as potential pattern effects, local and global wafer stress and difficulty in process integration. Additional challenges include the need to extend the capabilities of process TCAD to allow accurate simulation and prediction of the ms processes. Modeling of diffusion, activation and defect evolution for a variety of technologically interesting doping conditions must be dependable to allow the device designer and process engineer to predict the device behavior after ms annealing. Existing models fall short or still need to be validated. Metrology for ultra-shallow junctions is also a challenge. The ability to accurately and repeatably measure sheet resistance and junction leakage on junctions of the order of 10nm deep is very difficult. This paper provides an overview of flash lamp annealing and deal with some promising extensions of process simulation to enable the predictive modeling of junction behavior under flash lamp annealing conditions. We also examine some of the new metrology techniques for characterization of these very shallow junctions and look at some of the trends exhibited for different junction formation details
Thousand Core ChipsA Technology Perspective (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
The Arabidopsis <i>AtPNG1</i> gene encodes a peptide: <i>N</i>‐glycanase (2007)

Deglycosylation of misfolded proteins by the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway is catalyzed by peptide:N-glycanases (PNGases) that are highly conserved among mammals and yeast. The catalytic mechanism of PNGases employs a catalytic triad consisting of Cys, His and Asp residues, which is shared by other enzyme families such as cysteine proteases and protein cross-linking transglutaminases (TGases). In contrast to the yeast and mammalian systems, very little is known about ERAD in plants and the enzymes responsible for proper clearance of misfolded plant proteins. We have used a computer-based modeling approach to identify an Arabidopsis thaliana PNGase (AtPNG1). AtPNG1 is encoded by a single-copy gene and displays high structural homology with known PNGases. Importantly, heterologous expression of AtPNG1 restored N-glycanase activity in a PNGase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant. The AtPNG1 gene is uniformly and constitutively expressed at low levels throughout all developmental stages of the plant, and its expression does not appear to be subject to substantial regulation by external stimuli. Recently, recombinant AtPNG1 produced in Escherichia coli was reported to display TGase activity (Della Mea et al., Plant Physiol. 135, 2046-54, 2004). However, inactivation of the AtPNG1 gene did not result in decreased TGase activity in the mutant plant, and recombinant AtPNG1 produced in S. cerevisiae exhibited only residual TGase activity. We propose that the AtPNG1 gene encodes a bona fide peptide:N-glycanase that contributes to ERAD-related protein quality control in plants.
Physical Chemistry in the Petroleum Industry (1951)

Understanding of the physical and chemical principles relating to the production and refining of petroleum has contributed to the emergence of a truly chemical industry based upon petroleum as a raw material. This transition would have been retarded and its ultimate accomplishment impaired except for the application of experimental data and associated generalizations concerning the physical properties of hydrocarbons by the technical personnel of the industry at large. The contributions of numerous investigators to the background of experimental information and its correlation for the petroleum industry are described and a brief review of the more pertinent literature is presented.
Practical issues in frequency disturbance recorder design for wide-area monitoring (2005)

To maintain power system operation in a balanced and stable condition, the frequency deviation and the rate of frequency change information are highly desired in monitoring and protection applications of the power grid. How to obtain frequency information more accurately and efficiently has been the topic discussion for decades. PMUs (Phasor Measurement Unit) are the most widely-used devices for measuring phase angle differences and they also provide very accurate frequency information. However, the high installation cost of PMUs limits their applications for wide area control and stability analysis of power system.
The First Fifty Years of Agriculture in New South Wales - Farming - Its Practice and Technical Difficulties During the First Fifty Years of Settlement (1788-1842) (1948)

Agribusiness
Cell death induced by ozone and various non-thermal plasmas: therapeutic perspectives and limitations (2014)

Non-thermal plasma has been recognized as a promising tool across a vast variety of biomedical applications, with the potential to create novel therapeutic methods. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind non-thermal plasma cellular effects remains a significant challenge. In this study, we show how two types of different non-thermal plasmas induce cell death in mammalian cell cultures via the formation of multiple intracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Our results showed a discrepancy in the superoxide accumulation and lysosomal activity in response to air and helium plasma, suggesting that triggered signalling cascades might be grossly different between different plasmas. In addition, the effects of ozone, a considerable component of non-thermal plasma, have been simultaneously evaluated and have revealed much faster and higher cytotoxic effects. Our findings offer novel insight into plasma-induced cellular responses, and provide a basis for better controlled biomedical applications.
Effect of lanosterol on human cataract nucleus (2015)

Lanosterol 25 mM solution did not reverse opacification of human age-related cataractous nuclei.
Phenotyping the Right Ventricle in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension (2009)

Right ventricular (RV) failure is associated with poor outcomes in pulmonary hypertension (PH). We sought to phenotype the RV in PH patients with compensated and decompensated RV function by quantifying regional and global RV structural and functional changes. Twenty-two patients (age 51 +/- 11, 14 females, mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure range 13-79 mmHg) underwent right heart catheterization, echocardiography, and ECG-gated multislice computed tomography of the chest. Patients were divided into three groups: Normal, PH with hemodynamically compensated, and decompensated RV function (PH-C and PH-D, respectively). RV wall thickness (WT) was measured at end-diastole (ED) and end-systole (ES) in three regions: infundibulum, lateral free wall, and inferior free wall. Globally, RV volumes progressively increased from Normal to PH-C to PH-D and RV ejection fraction decreased. Regionally, WT increased and fractional wall thickening (FWT) decreased in a spatially heterogeneous manner. Infundibular wall stress was elevated and FWT was lower regardless of the status of global RV function. In PH, there are significant phenotypic abnormalities in the RV even in the absence of overt hemodynamic RV decompensation. Regional changes in RV structure and function may be early markers of patients at risk for developing RV failure.
Introduction to Pharmacology (2002)

The first edition of Introduction to Pharmacology has over recent years become a highly influential text among students wishing to acquire a knowledge of pharmacology without having to refer to the larger, more detailed, traditional pharmacology volumes. This revised and updated second edition contains significant new material to bring the reader u
A new method for making maps with unstable radio interferometers (1981)

We present a new method for making ‘hybrid’ maps using data from unstable interferometers. Our approach is based on correcting errors occurring at individual telescopes, and is more general than previous ones in that it allows for different degrees of instability at each telescope as well as for varying signal-to-noise ratios in the visibility data on each baseline. The method was developed, and will be used, for the analysis of the data from the Jodrell Bank Multi-Telescope Radio-linked Interferometer (MTRLI). We show the results of tests on simulated data to indicate the quality of maps which can be made with the MTRLI using the new method, and present a hybrid map of the quasar 3C 309.1 made from actual MTRLI data at 1666 MHz.