gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An opinion‐based decision model for recommender systems (2009)

Purpose A good recommender system helps users find items of interest on the web and can provide recommendations based on user preferences. In contrast to automatic technology‐generated recommender systems, this paper aims to use dynamic expert groups that are automatically formed to recommend domain‐specific documents for general users. In addition, it aims to test several effectiveness measures of rank order to determine if the top‐ranked lists recommended by the experts were reliable. Design/methodology/approach In the approach, expert groups evaluate web documents to provide a recommender system for general users. The authority and make‐up of the expert group are adjusted through user feedback. The system also uses various measures to gauge the difference between the opinions of experts and those of general users to improve the evaluation effectiveness. Findings The proposed system is efficient when there is major support from experts and general users. The recommender system is especially effective where there is a limited amount of evaluation data from general users. Originality/value This is an original study of how to effectively recommend web documents to users based on the opinions of human experts. Simulation results were provided to show the effectiveness of the dynamic expert group for recommender systems.
Activation of TGF-β1 Through Up-Regulation of TSP-1 by Retinoic Acid in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (2008)

These findings suggest that, in RPE cells, RA increases the activation of TGF-beta1 via up-regulation of TSP-1, and integrins such as alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 are essential in this activation step.
VAX DEBUG (1983)

Digital Equipment Corporation's VAX-11 Debugger, usually called VAX DEBUG or simply DEBUG, is an interactive, symbolic, and multilingual debugger which runs on the VAX-11 series of computers under the VMS operating system. The following gives an overview of VAX DEBUG and examines how it solves some of the problems inherent in the design of any such debugger. Particular attention is paid to how its command language is designed, how it distinguishes between addresses and values in command input, how it solves the problem of accessing and organizing symbol table information, and how it exercises control over the user program.
Broadband high-density WDM transmission using superluminescent diodes (1990)

Fibre-loop architectures employing high-density WDM for passive routing have been demonstrated using both DFB-laser and LED transmitters. The latter approach is known as ‘spectrum slicing’. The first demonstration of broadband spectrally sliced transmission is reported. Superluminescent diodes were used to transmit 150 Mbit/s on each of 10 WDM channels, or 50 Mbit/s on each of 16 WDM channels.
Microhash: an efficient index structure for fash-based sensor devices (2005)

In this paper we propose the MicroHash index, which is an efficient external memory structure for Wireless Sensor Devices (WSDs). The most prevalent storage medium for WSDs is flash memory. Our index structure exploits the asymmetric read/write and wear characteristics of flash memory in order to offer high performance indexing and searching capabilities in the presence of a low energy budget which is typical for the devices under discussion. A key idea behind MicroHash is to eliminate expensive random access deletions. We have implemented MicroHash in nesC, the programming language of the TinyOS [7] operating system. Our trace-driven experimentation with several real datasets reveals that our index structure offers excellent search performance at a small cost of constructing and maintaining the index.
2D‐ and 3D Observation and Mechanism of Self‐Healing in Glass–Boron Composites (2015)

The self‐healing of a crack in a glass–boron composite has been observed by X‐ray nanotomography. It shows the occurrence of a healing effect within the bulk of the composite, despite of a limited oxygen access in the crack. This 3D tomographic observation offers new insights in the mechanism of healing, complementary to in situ high‐temperature environmental scanning electron microscopy. In addition, nano‐X‐ray fluorescence imaging, electron microprobe and solid‐state NMR gave evidence that the molten B 2 O 3 , produced by the oxidation of boron particles at 700°C, reacts with the glass matrix to form borosilicate compounds that also contribute to heal the crack. The high viscosity of B 2 O 3 at 700°C leads to the formation of bridges between the walls of the crack, which limit oxygen diffusion. Thus, the B particle oxidation is not completed after a single healing cycle, meaning that several healing cycles can be obtained in a composite.
Mobilization of CD34/CXCR4 <sup>+</sup> , CD34/CD117 <sup>+</sup> , c-met <sup>+</sup> Stem Cells, and Mononuclear Cells Expressing Early Cardiac, Muscle, and Endothelial Markers Into Peripheral Blood in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction (2004)

The study demonstrates in the setting of STEMI a marked mobilization of mononuclear cells expressing specific cardiac, muscle, and endothelial markers as well as CD34/CXCR4+ and CD34/CD117+ and c-met+ stem cells and shows that stromal cell-derived factor-1 is an important factor influencing the mobilization.
The Effect of Osteogenic Protein-1 on the Healing of Segmental Bone Defects Treated with Autograft or Allograft Bone (2001)

The combination of freeze-dried allograft bone with the OP-1 device is an attractive graft material for the treatment of large bone defects. Although similar results were observed when autogenous bone graft was used in combination with the OP-1 device, the results of the present study suggest that allograft, because of its relatively unlimited supply, can be substituted without reduced efficacy. In addition, avoiding the need to harvest autogenous bone eliminates the additional operative time and risk associated with a second surgical procedure.
Reducing residual vibration in systems with uncertain resonances (1988)

Robots that perform rapid motions tend to excite system resonant frequencies. To perform a sequence of tasks more quickly, the settling time required for the vibration to decay should be minimal. Input functions are derived that produce rapid open-loop moves with greatly reduced residual vibration amplitude. To accommodate errors in the assumed system natural frequency, these forcing function are constructed so that the magnitude of their frequency spectra remains sufficiently small over a range of frequencies that bound the system natural frequency by +or-10%. These input functions are derived as a series expansion of ramped sinusoid functions with coefficients chosen to minimize spectral magnitude in this frequency band. Some simulations are performed to indicate that these functions can reduce residual vibration considerably even when the assumed natural frequency is in error by 10%. These inputs can then serve as the basis for a closed-loop implementation to generate reference trajectories that minimally excite system resonances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Basal Lamina Visualization Using Color Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (2005)

In histologic assessment, the absence of basal lamina is a useful feature for distinguishing invasive malignancy from benign and in situ lesions. As this feature is not possible to assess in routine H&E sections, pathologists have instead relied on histochemical and immunohistochemical stains to show components of the basal lamina such as laminin or type IV collagen. Standard image-processing software with the necessary image-processing toolbox (Matlab v5, Mathworks, Natick, MA) was used in a unique combination of color image processing and pattern recognition techniques to accentuate the collagenous stroma surrounding glands, which approximates basal lamina, in a series of benign, in situ, and invasive breast proliferations. Distinct differences in pattern were found between benign and invasive lesions, and also between in situ and malignant lesions, corresponding to that observed with type IV collagen immunostaining. Compared with immunostaining, this computer-generated method had a sensitivity of 0.96, specificity of 0.89, positive predictive value of 0.92, negative predictive value of 0.89, positive likelihood ratio of 9.1, and negative likelihood ratio of 0.042. Digital image processing serves as a less expensive and faster way of visualizing basal lamina and represents a useful adjunct to identify invasive malignancy in routinely stained sections. In addition, digital visualization of basal lamina is readily amenable to quantitative assessment, and the method provides a basis for the development of computer-based cancer diagnosis.
A financial investment assistant (2003)

The analysis of financial markets is a time-consuming complex, and error-prone process. The system described which is still under development, is an attempt to improve this process by partially automating the acquisition, analysis, and selection of financial market investments. The ultimate goal is to fully automate this activity. The current approach is to use technical analysis and fundamental analysis to determine when to buy, sell, or hold various instruments and artificial intelligence techniques to select a portfolio of stocks and/or options based on the goals of the system user. The tool uses a dynamic interface that is reactive to human interaction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vancomycin Ointment for MRSA Infection at a Cranioplasty Site (2003)

Topical administration of vancomycin was more effective than systemic administration in the treatment of our patient's MRSA skull implant infection. No adverse effects from topical treatment were encountered over 3 years.
Silicon Cylindrical Lens Arrays For Improved Photoresponse In Focal Plane Arrays (1984)

A unique method of fabricating silicon lenticular lens arrays has been developed to increase the effective fill-factor ratio of infrared focal plane arrays. Results on 32 x 63 element monolithic Schottky barrier (IR-CCD) devices have demonstrated greater than a factor of two improvement in device photoresponse. These miniature lenses are repeated in a uni-directional pattern to increase the optical fill-factor (in one dimension) to effectively 100%. Large arrays of these lenses have been fabricated on three inch silicon wafers, using a single photolithography step and unique three-step etching process. A novel procedure for lens array to device mounting and alignment have been developed to maximize lens efficiency. Near optimum performance was achieved and has been demonstrated through the application of lenticular arrays to Schottky barrier IR-CCD two dimensional focal plane arrays.
Clinical Value of Standardized Equilibration Tests in CAPD Patients (1989)

Peritoneal transport rates, a critical determinant of peritoneal dialysis efficiency, vary widely among patients and may be easily categorized by standardized peritoneal equilibration test. Measurements of creatinine and glucose transfer are particularly useful in selecting optimal dialysis prescription. Patients with high-average peritoneal solute transport do well on standard CAPD even after losing residual renal function. Patients with high peritoneal solute transfer rates are likely to have inadequate ultrafiltration on standard CAPD. These patients do much better on dialysis regimens with short-dwell exchanges, such as nightly peritoneal dialysis or daytime ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Patients with low-average and particularly with low peritoneal transport rates are likely to develop symptoms and signs of inadequate dialysis on standard CAPD as residual renal function becomes negligible, and may require high-dose peritoneal dialysis prescriptions.
A Formulation to Encapsulate Nootkatone for Tick Control (2011)

Nootkatone is a component of grapefruit oil that is toxic to the disease-vectoring tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, but unfortunately causes phytotoxicity to treated plants and has a short residual activity due to volatility. We prepared a lignin-encapsulated nootkatone formulation to compare with a previously used emulsifiable formulation for volatility, plant phytotoxicity, and toxicity to unfed nymphs of I. scapularis. Volatility of nootkatone was measured directly by trapping nootkatone vapor in a closed system and indirectly by measuring nootkatone residue on treated filter paper after exposure to simulated sunlight (Xenon). After 24 h in the closed system, traps collected only 15% of the nootkatone applied as the encapsulated formulation compared with 40% applied as the emulsifiable formulation. After a 1-h light exposure, the encapsulated formulation retained 92% of the nootkatone concentration compared with only 26% retained by the emulsifiable formulation. For plant phytotoxicity, cabbage, Brassica oleracea L., leaves treated with the encapsulated formulation expressed less necrosis, retaining greater leaf weight compared with leaves treated with the emusifiable formulation. The nootkatone in the emulsifiable formulation was absorbed by cabbage and oat, Avena sativa L., plants (41 and 60% recovered 2 h after application, respectively), as opposed to 100% recovery from the plants treated with encapsulated nootkatone. Using a treated vial technique, encapsulated nootkatone was significantly more toxic to I. scapularis nymphs (LC50 = 20 ng/cm2) compared with toxicity of the emulsifiable formulation (LC50 = 35 ng/cm2). Thus, the encapsulation of nootkatone improved toxicity for tick control, reduced nootkatone volatility, and reduced plant phytotoxicity.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: A Moving Target? (2005)

It has been over 20 years since the first agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway were developed by Mendelsohn and Baselga ([1][1]). In vitro studies demonstrating that antibodies inhibiting the pathway could retard cell growth, and markedly so in some cell lines, led
N-Glycans of ADAMTS13 modulate its secretion and von Willebrand factor cleaving activity (2008)

Severe deficiency of ADAMTS13, a plasma metalloprotease, leads to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. ADAMTS13 contains 10 putative N-glycosylation sites in or near its metalloprotease sequence, spacer region, thrombospondin type 1 repeat no. 4 (TSR no. 4), and CUB domains. Tunicamycin treatment markedly decreased the secretion of ADAMTS13 into the culture medium of transfected cells. Nevertheless, the protease was efficiently secreted from N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I-deficient Lec1 Chinese hamster ovary cells, indicating that N-glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum, but not the conversion of oligomannose to complex N-glycans in the Golgi complex, is important for secretion. However, ADAMTS13 with oligomannose N-glycans cleaved its substrate, von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers, less effectively, with a higher K(m) but similar k(cat) value. In mutagenesis analysis, decreased secretion and VWF cleaving activity was observed with the N146Q and N828Q mutants, while decreased secretion only was observed with the N552Q mutant of ADAMTS13. Enzymatic removal of N-glycans from ADAMTS13 did not affect its VWF cleaving activity. Thus, N-glycosylation is necessary for efficient secretion of ADAMTS13, while conversion of the N-glycans from oligomannose to complex type in the Golgi complex enhances the proteolytic activity of the protease toward VWF multimers. After its secretion, ADAMTS13 does not require N-glycans for its VWF cleaving activity.
Versatile sample environments and automation for biological solution X-ray scattering experiments at the P12 beamline (PETRA III, DESY) (2015)

A high-brilliance synchrotron P12 beamline of the EMBL located at the PETRA III storage ring (DESY, Hamburg) is dedicated to biological small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and has been designed and optimized for scattering experiments on macromolecular solutions. Scatterless slits reduce the parasitic scattering, a custom-designed miniature active beamstop ensures accurate data normalization and the photon-counting PILATUS 2M detector enables the background-free detection of weak scattering signals. The high flux and small beam size allow for rapid experiments with exposure time down to 30-50 ms covering the resolution range from about 300 to 0.5 nm. P12 possesses a versatile and flexible sample environment system that caters for the diverse experimental needs required to study macromolecular solutions. These include an in-vacuum capillary mode for standard batch sample analyses with robotic sample delivery and for continuous-flow in-line sample purification and characterization, as well as an in-air capillary time-resolved stopped-flow setup. A novel microfluidic centrifugal mixing device (SAXS disc) is developed for a high-throughput screening mode using sub-microlitre sample volumes. Automation is a key feature of P12; it is controlled by a beamline meta server, which coordinates and schedules experiments from either standard or nonstandard operational setups. The integrated SASFLOW pipeline automatically checks for consistency, and processes and analyses the data, providing near real-time assessments of overall parameters and the generation of low-resolution models within minutes of data collection. These advances, combined with a remote access option, allow for rapid high-throughput analysis, as well as time-resolved and screening experiments for novice and expert biological SAXS users.
[Case report--Complete response of liver metastasis of rectal cancer after combination chemotherapy of CPT-11 + UFT-E]. (2004)

A 54-year-old man underwent abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not performed because of stage I cancer. Nine months after the operation, solitary liver metastasis, and elevated CEA and CA19-9, were found during the postoperative work-up. A combination chemotherapy of CPT-11 and UFT-E was performed before scheduled liver resection. 150 mg/m2 of CPT-11 was administered on days 1 and 15. 375 mg/m2/day of UFT-E was divided in half and administered on days 3-7, 10-14, 17-21, and 24-28 as one course of treatment. This regimen was repeated every 5 weeks. The patient had a grade 2 diarrhea and nentropenia during the treatment. Bowel obstruction was also observed after 5 courses of treatment, which required hospitalization. In addition, the liver metastasis had disappeared. There was no evidence of recurrence after 8 months of chemotherapy. It was suggested that CPT-11+UFT-E combination chemotherapy was effective for advanced colorectal cancer.
Postmarketing surveillance: practical experience with ketotifen. (1984)

In a postmarketing surveillance of ketotifen (Zaditen), an oral preparation for the prophylaxis of bronchial asthma, 8291 patients completed records every three months for one year. The objectives were to record adverse events and efficacy and to communicate appropriate information to participating doctors and regulatory authorities. The patients recruited appeared to represent a typical cross section of patients with asthma in the United Kingdom. By subjective assessment 70% of patients found the medication efficacious. There were no unexpected or unacceptable side effects and those found were similar to those reported in clinical trials of ketotifen. Though this exercise showed that the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and prescribing doctors were able to collaborate, the major outcome of the survey was already known. It remains to be seen whether this type of survey is of value in the continuing search for control and safety in prescribing.
Evidence for structural variants of a- and b-type peptide fragment ions using combined ion mobility/mass spectrometry (2008)

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of peptides plays a key role in the field of proteomics, and an understanding of the fragmentation mechanisms involved is vital for data interpretation. Not all the fragment ions observed by low-energy collision-induced dissociation of protonated peptides are readily explained by the generally accepted structures for a- and b-ions. The possibility of a macrocyclic structure for b-type ions has been recently proposed. In this study, we have undertaken investigations of linear protonated YAGFL-NH(2), N-acetylated-YAGFL-NH(2), and cyclo-(YAGFL) peptides and their fragments using a combination of ion mobility (IM) separation and mass spectrometry. The use of IM in this work both gives insight into relative structural forms of the ion species and crucial separation of isobaric species. Our study provides compelling evidence for the formation of a stable macrocyclic structure for the b(5) ion generated by fragmentation of protonated linear YAGFL-NH(2). Additionally we demonstrate that the a(4) ion fragment of protonated YAGFL-NH(2) has at least two structures; one of which is attributable to a macrocyclic structure on the basis of its subsequent fragmentation. More generally, this work emphasizes the value of combined IM-MS/MS in probing the detailed fragmentation mechanisms of peptide ions, and illustrates the use of combined ion mobility/collisional activation/mass spectrometry analysis in achieving an effective enhancement of the resolution of the mobility separator.
Interaction between a selective 5‐HT<sub>1A</sub>receptor antagonist and an SSRI in vivo: effects on 5‐HT cell firing and extracellular 5‐HT (1995)

1. The acute inhibitory effect of selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on 5-HT neuronal activity may offset their ability to increase synaptic 5-HT in the forebrain. 2. Here, we determined the effects of the SSRI, paroxetine, and a novel selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY 100635, on 5-HT cell firing in the dorsal raphé nucleus (DRN), and on extracellular 5-HT in both the DRN and the frontal cortex (FCx). Extracellular electrophysiological recording and brain microdialysis were used in parallel experiments, in anaesthetized rats. 3. Paroxetine dose-dependently inhibited the firing of 5-HT neurones in the DRN, with a maximally effective dose of approximately 0.8 mg kg-1, i.v. WAY 100635 (0.1 mg kg-1, i.v.) both reversed the inhibitory effect of paroxetine and, when used as a pretreatment, caused a pronounced shift to the right of the paroxetine dose-response curve. 4. Paroxetine (0.8 mg kg-1, i.v.), doubled extracellular 5-HT in the DRN, but did not alter extracellular 5-HT in the FCx. A higher dose of paroxetine (2.4 mg kg-1, i.v.) did increase extracellular 5-HT in the FCx, but to a lesser extent than in the DRN. Whereas 0.8 mg kg-1, i.v. paroxetine alone had no effect on extracellular 5-HT in the FCx, in rats pretreated with WAY 100635 (0.1 mg kg-1), paroxetine (0.8 mg kg-1, i.v.) markedly increased extracellular 5-HT in the FCx. 5. In conclusion, pretreatment with the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY 100635, blocked the inhibitory effect of paroxetine on 5-HT neuronal activity in the DRN and, at the same time, markedly enhanced the effect of paroxetine on extracellular 5-HT in the FCx. These results may be relevant to recent clinical observations that 5-HT1A receptor antagonists in combination with SSRIs have a rapid onset of antidepressant effect.