gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superovulation and egg transfer in the ewe (1984)

102 Prealpes du Sud donor ewes were superovulated by a treatment with vaginal sponges impregnated with 40 mg of FGA. When the sponges were withdrawn at 14 days, follicular maturation was stimulated in these ewes with 12 mg of porcine pituitary extract (pFSH). The recipient ewes were treated i.m. with 500 IU of PMSG. Different batches of pFSH (batch pFSH1/Group A; batch pFSH2: groups B and C) were used; a total of 12 mg was given in 4 injections of 3 mg each (groups A and B) or in decreasing doses of 5, 3, 2, and 1 mg (group C). The embryos were recovered at D6 and transferred after 1 or 5 h of storage in medium 199 or medium B2 (Ménézo, 1976) + 10% FCS at either 37 or 20 degrees C (B only). Surgery was used to recover the embryos and place them (one per uterine horn) in the recipients. pFSH1 induced estrus 24 h after sponge withdrawal in 100% of group A ewes. When the LH level was lower (pFSH2; groups B and C), only 62.5% of the ewes came on heat at 24 h. pFSH2 induced 8.1 corpora lutea per ewe (groups B and C) vs 4.6 in group A (pFSH1) and twofold more viable embryos were recovered in groups B and C than in group A (6.1 vs 2.7). In relation to the number of corpora lutea, 59, 69, 80% of viable embryos were recovered in groups A, B, and C, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the number of corpora lutea and the number of morulae recovered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Study on online self-calibration technique for trace gas analyzer based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy]. (2010)

After decades of development, the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) became one of the most promising techniques for online trace gas analyzing in process industry. Limited by its principle, the measurement result of TDLAS system is seriously affected by temperature and gas pressure variation. For this reason, most TDLAS systems employed temperature and pressure sensors, which can provide information for partly correcting the error. Theoretically, the gas absorption theory itself is not perfect enough to give an analytical relation between the measurement error and the temperature & pressure variation. Practically, temperature and pressure sensors are not available in some harsh working condition. To address these problems, an online self-calibration technique with a reference gas cell is proposed to compensate temperature and pressure variation induced measurement error in a TDLAS system. More specifically, a reference gas cell filled with known proportion target gas is placed on site, surrounded by working gas to be measured. The main body of the gas cell is made from a stainless tube, one end is a silica glass window and the other end is a reflector. A pressure bellows is connected to the middle of the stainless tube by a branch conduit. The pressure bellows can adaptively deform to keep the pressure balance between the inside and outside gas. Thereby, the temperature and pressure inside the reference cell are equal to that of the gas outside. To ensure the similarity between the reference gas cell and working gas cell, they share the same laser diode source and signal processing circuit. In one working cycle, the TDLAS system obtains the absorption spectrum of both gas cells synchronously. Then the concentration of the trace gas can be easily obtained by calculating the absorption intensity proportion of both absorption spectra without considering the affection of temperature and pressure. The principle, design, and experiments of this technique were presented in this paper.
Thermal Gelation of Methylcellulose in Water:  Scaling and Thermoreversibility (2002)

Thermally induced gelation was studied for aqueous solutions of methylcellulose with a substitution degree of 1.8 and molecular weight of 310 000. The dynamic viscoelastic and microcalorimetric properties were measured as functions of temperature and polymer concentration. An attempt was made to elucidate the validity of scaling laws and the mechanism involved in the thermoreversible gelation of methylcellulose. For a given high concentration of methlycellulose, the gel elasticity evolved with temperature, but it did not obey a single scaling law. At the gelation temperature of 70 °C, the gel elasticity increased with polymer concentration, and it could be expressed with a two-step scaling, from which the weak gels and the strong gels could be defined. For the weak gels (c ≤ 1 wt %), the elasticity Ge at 70 °C scaled with polymer concentration c as Ge ∼ c1.34, while Ge scaled with c as Ge ∼ c3.03 for the strong gels (c > 1 wt %). The thermoreversibility was examined through a cycle of heating to cooling, and the rheological thermoreversibility is found to correlate excellently with the microcalorimetric thermoreversibility. It is also proved that the gelation of methylcellulose is an entropy-driven process.
Improvement of organic solar cell performances using a zinc oxide anode coated by an ultrathin metallic layer (2008)

The authors have achieved an efficient organic solar cell based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) layer as donor and fullerene (C60) as acceptor. The aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) instead of indium tin oxide (ITO) is used as the anode. An ultrathin gold film is introduced among ZnO:Al, transparent conductor oxide, and the CuPc donor layer. We show that the power conversion efficiency of this cell is enhanced by one order of magnitude compared to that achieved with a ZnO anode without ultrathin gold film. Therefore, the power conversion efficiency of this cell is comparable to that with an ITO anode.
Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes with Versatile Functionality (2011)

Since the accidental discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during the synthesis of fullerene by Iijima CNTs are under intense investigation owing to their spectacular mechanical and electrical properties Many ways are currently available for the production of CNTs, which include arc-discharge However, commercial applications of CNTs have been inhibited by the lack of large-scale production of purified CNTs. Moreover, the intrinsic Vander Waals attraction of CNTs towards each other leads easily to entangle agglomerates, which results in their insolubility in most of organic and aqueous solvents. One of the most powerful approaches to improve CNT solubility is the covalent functionalization of their side walls and tips A wide variety of reactions have been described, most of them employing the conventional chemical techniques, such as refluxing and/or sonication in organic solvents or mineral acids, often making use of high temperature and/or pressure With the aim of optimizing a multiple funcitonalization approach, many research groups have developed new synthetic strategies to produce multifunctional CNTs avoiding the use of long reaction time, toxic solvent, and extreme condition. Vazquez and coworkers described that 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethineylides can readily occur on CNTs However, a severe limitation of this process is the great amount of the DMF and the lengthy time (five days) needed to complete this reaction. Recently, a microwave-assisted synthesis is enabling technology that has been extensively used in organic synthesis Microwave-assisted modification of CNTs is non-invasive, simple, fast, environmentally friendly, and clean method as compared to traditional methods. Usually, the use of the microwave facilitates and accelerates reactions, often improving relative yields. In case of microwave-assisted functionalization of CNTs, microwave irradiation of CNT reduces the reaction time and gives rise to products with higher degrees of functionalization than those obtained by the conventional thermal methods Interestingly, Liu and coworkers Carbon Nanotubes Applications on Electron Devices 128 functional groups that are initially present. On the other hand, Vazquez and coworkers show that a solvent-free technique combined with microwave irradiation produces functionalized nanotubes in just 1 h of reaction, paving the way to large scale production of functionalization
The Kondo Effect in C<sub>60</sub> Single-Molecule Transistors (2003)

We have used an electromigration technique to fabricate C60-based single-molecule transistors. We detail the process statistics and the protocols used to infer the successful formation of a single-molecule transistor. At low temperatures each transistor acts as a single-electron device in the Coulomb blockade regime. Resonances in the differential conductance indicate vibrational excitations consistent with a known mode of C60. In several devices we observe conductance features characteristic of the Kondo effect, a coherent many-body state comprising an unpaired spin on the molecule coupled by exchange to the conduction electrons of the leads. The inferred Kondo temperature typically exceeds 50 K, and signatures of the vibrational modes persist into the Kondo regime.
Development of a Qualitative Sequential Immunoassay for Characterizing the Intrinsic Properties of Circulating Cardiac Troponin I (2010)

The dot Immunoassay is the first qualitative sequential immunoassay to address the direct interactions of the troponin subunits and various modified forms of cTnI.
Multi-dimensional partitioning for massively parallel database machines (2002)

Harder, new requirements are appearing in the area of database systems. The popularity reached by parallel database systems during the past decade, due to their high performance and scalability
Status epilepticus in mice deficient for succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase: GABA<sub>A</sub>receptor–mediated mechanisms (2005)

The epilepsy that occurs in SSADH deficiency has a seizure phenotype similar to that occurring in the SSADH(-/-) mouse. We examined the expression and function of the GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)R) in SSADH-deficient mice. A selective decrease in binding of [(35)S]tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate was observed in SSADH(-/-) mice at postnatal day 7 that was progressive until the third postnatal week of life when, at the nadir of the decreased [(35)S]tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding, generalized convulsive seizures emerged that rapidly evolved into status epilepticus. We also observed a substantial downregulation of the beta(2) subunit of GABA(A)R, a reduction in GABA(A)-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, and augmented postsynaptic population spikes recorded from hippocampal slices. The SSADH(-/-) mouse model represents a powerful investigative tool for understanding the pathophysiology of the seizures associated with human SSADH deficiency. These data raise the possibility that progressive dysfunction of the GABA(A)R may be involved in the development of seizures in SSDAH-deficient mice. Elucidation of the precise fundamental mechanisms of the perturbation of the GABA(A)R-mediated function in SSADH(-/-) mice could lead to the development of novel treatment modalities designed to reduce the neurological morbidity in children with SSADH deficiency.
Finding Similarities in Source Code Through Factorization (2009)

The high availability of a huge number of documents on the Web makes plagiarism very attractive and easy. This plagiarism concerns any kind of document, natural language texts as well as more structured information such as programs. In order to cope with this problem, many tools and algorithms have been proposed to find similarities. In this paper we present a new algorithm designed to detect similarities in source codes. Contrary to existing methods, this algorithm relies on the notion of function and focuses on obfuscation with inlining and outlining of functions. This method is also efficient against insertions, deletions and permutations of instruction blocks. It is based on code factorization and uses adapted pattern matching algorithms and structures such as suffix arrays.
Disturbance Observer‐Based Robot End Constant Contact Force‐Tracking Control (2019)

A disturbance observer‐based hybrid sliding mode impedance control method is proposed in this paper, which is able to achieve robot end constant contact force‐tracking control without force/torque sensors. The method requires only the values of joint torque, joint angle, and joint angular velocity, which are converted by robot servo motor signals, to implement the control. The control scheme consists of two parts: one is a disturbance observer and the other is a hybrid sliding mode impedance controller. The disturbance observer, which takes robot internal signals mentioned above as the inputs to estimate the robot end contact force, is designed based on generalized momentum, thus improving the estimation accuracy. The hybrid sliding mode impedance controller, which uses the values estimated by the disturbance observer and the robot internal signals as the inputs to calculate the corresponding position adjustment, integrates both the impedance control and sliding mode control, thus improving the force‐tracking performance and robustness. Experimental results show that the proposed disturbance observer‐based hybrid sliding mode impedance control method possesses high control precision.
Autologous cell therapy for enhanced endovascular repair after coronary stent implantation (2011)

A little history Michael Kutryk is the name of the interventional cardiologist and scientist who had this dream. As early as the late 90s, Michael had the vision that it could be most desirable to heal strut coverage specifically with functional endothelial cells in order to improve the biocompatibility of metallic stents. The concept of designing a “prohealing” device with accelerated restoration of endothelial continuity was born at least at first in the mind of its inventor, but was quickly supported by bench and preclinical experiments. By this time, Kutryk had left Canada to join the group at the Thoraxcenter in Rotterdam as a post-doctoral fellow (Figure 1). During this period, Patrick Serruys was experimenting with local drug delivery with sweating balloons and, needless to say, he was immediately taken with Kutryk’s idea. Perhaps somewhat naively, they hypothesised that endothelial progenitor cell capture could prevent at one and the same time both thrombosis and restenosis. It should be remembered that in those early days of stenting, the issues were immediate stent thrombosis and early restenosis, at rates of 20% each! Nobody at that time was anticipating that late thrombotic events would plague the future anti-restenosis solutions, initially vascular brachytherapy and now drug-elution. The Genous technology invented by Kutryk and embraced by Serruys was developed and supported by Orbus Medical Technologies, and later acquired by Neich, an Asian-based company to form Orbus-Neich. Major research and development efforts eventually led to the First-In-Man trial that was published in 2005. The illustration (Figure 2) depicting the principles of the therapy was indeed very convincing, to the point that it was eventually included in the patient informed consent document for further studies. It shows how the stent is covered with a biocompatible matrix to which murine, monoclonal, anti-human CD34+ antibodies are covalently attached. The antibody is specific to the surface antigens, present on circulating endothelial progenitor cells creating an immuno-affinity surface for preferentially capturing these circulating cells. CE mark approval was obtained on August 11, 2005. The HEALING clinical trial program was designed and indeed completed, and publications appeared at an increasing pace. The device also underwent a number of technical iterations including the use of a cobaltchromium stent platform, to replace the bio-engineered R-stent.
Feature Focus: Fieldbus Architecture: A Tale of Two Buses (2001)

This article focuses on field bus technology, a digital two-way conul1unications protocol. It is designed to take advantage of intelligent instrumentation equipped with microprocessors to communicate between the field and the control room. Because it can communicate large quantities of data from the field devices, industrial networks tying together field bus instruments open the way for complex control and automation tasks. As field bus evolves, some think that computer networking will play an increasingly important role and improve the performance in the plant. Both Profibus and Fieldbus Foundation provide for Ethernet capability. Wireless communication is also likely to play a potential role in field bus systems. There is a potential for wireless in data acquisition. Issues still needed to be worked out: electrical storms can interfere with communications and wires must be strung to power the devices.
Visva Bharati Quarterly, May–July, 1935. (1936)

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COMPARING THE XAM API WITH FILE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING (2006)

XAM is an application programming interface (API) currently being standardized by the Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA). XAM stands for "eXtensible Access Method". The XAM API will allow application developers to store content on a new class of storage systems known as "fixed-content" storage systems. This new class of storage system is optimized for the storage and retrieval of unstructured data that changes infrequently. While it is anticipated that SNIA will eventually ratify a XAM application programmer's interface (API), it is important that the new API presents an interface that is useful yet offers the richness of the XAM protocol to the developer. An ideal goal for the XAM API would be to become as ubiquitous and familiar to developers as the block file system function calls such as fread(), fwrite(), remove(), etc. This thesis will describe a XAM simulation framework that allows for the building of XAM applications without the need for actual XAM hardware. It will also compare the XAM API to the familiar block file system API. The XAM simulation can form the basis of a robust framework for continuing XAM research; the results of comparing XAM to file system applications will be fed back into the SNIA community.
Beneficial effects of arginase inhibition and inhaled l-arginine administration on airway histology in a murine model of chronic asthma (2013)

We demonstrated that inhaled l-arginine administration alleviated all histological parameters similar to budesonide and treatment with arginase inhibitor improved not all but some of the pathological changes in chronic asthma. Combination therapy had no additive effect on either treatment.
Tolerogenic activity of polymerized type II collagen in preventing collagen-induced arthritis in rats. (1988)

Rats were exposed parenterally or pergastrically to polymerized type II collagen (POLCII) and became resistant to the subsequent induction of disease with arthritogenic type II collagen (CII) administered intradermally in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA). POLCII was prepared by cross-linking native soluble arthritogenic CII, from bovine nasal septal cartilage, with glutaraldehyde. POLCII injected intradermally in FIA did not induce arthritis. Animals treated in this manner were resistant for a period of at least 100 days to induced disease. The change in the properties of the CII from an arthritogen to a tolerogen was related to the amount of glutaraldehyde (used to polymerize the CII) which was assumed to control the extent of cross-linking of the CII. Highly cross-linked POLCII administered pergastrically, like soluble CII, was not arthritogenic but was tolerogenic, inducing a state of unresponsiveness to a challenge with arthritogenic CII. In general serum anti-CII antibody levels were higher in arthritic than in tolerized non-arthritic rats. It is concluded that the breaking of self-tolerance to CII depends upon its physical state. When polymerized and insoluble, a form analogous to that in which it exists naturally, it is tolerogenic.
Preparation and Use of Cyclized Rubber as a Stiffening Resin in Rubber (1956)

Abstract The condition for miscibility of low-molecular liquids is that the cohesion-energy densities should be of the same order of magnitude. The permissible difference decreases sharply as the molecular weight is increased, and a solution of equal amounts of rubber and polystyrene separates into two layers at room temperature when the concentration rises above 2 per cent, whereas low-molecular aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are completely miscible. The undiluted polymers can, however, be mixed to an apparently homogeneous state on the mill if the correct mixing temperature is chosen. Presumably the extreme length of the polymer molecules allows them to be caught and dispersed separately in the stress gradient between the rolls. That the mixture is not stable and tends to separate into the components on extension, even after vulcanization of the rubber, can be deduced from the bending of the stress-strain curve towards the strain axis—generally an indication of irreversible changes in structure for many materials. This tendency to irreversible separation, which is a disadvantage for any application, can be suppressed by the formation of primary bonds between the two polymers. There are at present three methods to produce such bonds : (1) covulcanization (if the added polymer is unsaturated); (2) mastication in an inert atmosphere; (3) graft polymerization. If a sufficient number of such bonds has been formed, the added polymer can no longer be extracted from the vulcanized compound by solvents, and the bend in the stress-strain curve has disappeared.
Alkalinization of the lysosomes is correlated with ras transformation of murine and human fibroblasts. (1990)

The pH of the intralysosomal compartment of fibroblasts in culture was monitored by measuring the fluorescence emission intensity at 530 nm of fluid phase pinocytosed fluorescein-conjugated dextrans (FITC-dextrans) excited at 488 and 457 nm. Following the procedure of Ohkuma and Poole (Ohkuma, S., and Poole, B. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. (1978) 75, 3327-3331), a relationship was established between the fluorescence emission intensity of the FITC-dextrans and pH. This correlation was used to determine the intralysosomal apparent pH (pHapp) of a series of fibroblast cultures. The mean intralysosomal pHapp values of nontransformed mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and an infinite life-span human fibroblast cell strain, designated MSU-1.1, was 5.0. In distinction that of 3T3 fibroblasts transformed to the malignant state by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus and MSU-1.1 cells transformed by transfection of the v-Ki-ras or T24 H-ras oncogene was 6.1. These measurements suggest that ras transformation results in a significant perturbation of lysosomal pH.