gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleaving optimization in synchronous rectified DC/DC converters (2004)

Interleaving in synchronous rectifiers can lead to reduced losses in both the active and passive components. However, this depends on selecting the correct number of phases and the correct phase inductance for a particular application and requirements. In this paper optimizing the number of phases and the phase inductance is considered to maximize the interleaved synchronous rectifiers efficiency over the desired operating range. To do this, the RMS currents and losses in the bus capacitors, the phase inductances and the switching devices as a function of the number of phases and duty cycle are considered. Generic equations are presented and used to predict the RMS currents in the passive components with some non-intuitive results especially concerning the bus capacitors. It is shown in the paper, that the optimum number of phases is dependent on the converter parameters such as the phase inductance and operating requirements. Practical results are presented confirming the synchronous rectifier loss model.
Redox-Based Synthetic Biology Enables Electrochemical Detection of the Herbicides Dicamba and Roundup via Rewired <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2019)

Synthetic biology is typically exploited to endow bacterial cells with new biosynthetic capabilities. It can also serve to create "smart" bacteria such as probiotics that detect and treat disease. Here, we show how minimally rewiring the genetic regulation of bacterial cells can enable their ability to recognize and report on chemical herbicides, including those routinely used to clear weeds from gardens and crops. In so doing, we demonstrate how constructs of synthetic biology, in this case redox-based synthetic biology, can serve as a vector for information flow mediating molecular communication between biochemical systems and microelectronics. We coupled the common genetic reporter, β-galactosidase, with the E. coli superoxide response regulon promoter pSoxS, for detection of the herbicides dicamba and Roundup. Both herbicides activated our genetic construct in a concentration dependent manner. Results indicate robust detection using spectrophotometry, via the Miller assay, and electrochemistry using the enzymatic cleavage of 4-aminophenyl β-d-galactopyranoside into the redox active molecule p-aminophenol. We found that environmental components, in particular, the availability of glucose, are important factors for the cellular detection of dicamba. Importantly, both herbicides were detected at concentrations relevant for aquatic toxicity.
Advances in the Chemistry of Organofluorine Hypohalites and Related Compounds (1980)

Organofluorine compounds containing the groups O–Hal and O–O–Hal are surveyed. Methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, structure, and possibilities of practical application are examined. A list of 247 references is included.
SAME but Different: Fast and High-Quality Gibbs Parameter Estimation (2014)

Gibbs sampling is a workhorse for Bayesian inference but has several limitations when used for parameter estimation, and is often much slower than non-sampling inference methods. SAME (State Augmentation for Marginal Estimation) \cite{Doucet99,Doucet02} is an approach to MAP parameter estimation which gives improved parameter estimates over direct Gibbs sampling. SAME can be viewed as cooling the posterior parameter distribution and allows annealed search for the MAP parameters, often yielding very high quality (lower loss) estimates. But it does so at the expense of additional samples per iteration and generally slower performance. On the other hand, SAME dramatically increases the parallelism in the sampling schedule, and is an excellent match for modern (SIMD) hardware. In this paper we explore the application of SAME to graphical model inference on modern hardware. We show that combining SAME with factored sample representation (or approximation) gives throughput competitive with the fastest symbolic methods, but with potentially better quality. We describe experiments on Latent Dirichlet Allocation, achieving speeds similar to the fastest reported methods (online Variational Bayes) and lower cross-validated loss than other LDA implementations. The method is simple to implement and should be applicable to many other models.
Intra field CD uniformity correction by Scanner Dose Mapper using Galileo mask transmission mapping as the CDU data source (2010)

Intra-field CD variation can be corrected through wafer CD feedback to the scanner in what is called the Dose Mapper (DOMA) process. This will correct errors contributed from both reticle and scanner processes. Scanner process errors include uncorrected illumination non uniformities and projection lens aberration. However, this is a tedious process involving actual wafer printing and representative CD measurement from multiple sites. A novel method demonstrates that measuring the full-field reticle transmission with Galileo® can be utilized to generate an intensity correction file for the scanner DOMA feature. This correction file will include the reticle transmission map and the scanner CD signature that has been derived in a preliminary step and stored in a database. The scanner database is periodically updated after preventive maintenance with CD from a monitoring reticle for a specific process. This method is easy to implement as no extra monitoring feature is needed on the production reticle for data collection and the new reticle received can be immediately implemented to a production run without the need for wafer CD data collection. Correlation of the reticle transmission and wafer CD measurement can be up to 90% depending on the quality of CD data measurements and repeatability of the scanner signature. CD mapping on the Galileo® tool takes about 20 minutes for 1500 data points (there is no limit to the number of measurement point on the Galileo®), which is more than enough for the DOMA process. Turn Around Time (TAT) for the whole DOMA process can thus be shortened from 3 Days to about an hour with significant savings in time and resources for the fab.
<title>ABL beam control segment</title> (1998)

The U.S. Air Force Airborne Laser consists of four primary subsystem segments; aircraft, battle management and C4I, laser device, and beam control segment (BCS). The BCS performs two major function, beam control and fire control, using three primary products, turret assembly, beam transfer assembly, and fire control hardware and software. The fire control sequence involves slewing the turret to the target coordinates as received from the battle management segment, centering the target in the acquisition sensor, acquiring the plume in the coarse track sensor, acquiring the hard body of the missile with the track illuminator laser, and establishing active tracking of the nose of the target theater ballistic missile. The beam control sequence begins after established active nose track by firing another beacon illuminator laser (BILL) to establish the aim point on the missile for the high energy laser. The resulting spot on the missile is imaged in the wavefront sensor and compared with the outgoing sample of the BILL. By applying the conjugate of the wavefront difference from the beacon to a deformable mirror then the atmosphere serves to correct the arriving wavefront on target. At this point the HEL is fired along the same path with similar wavefront correction, and dwells on target until the missile skin is weakened and rips open or buckles.
A new approach to adaptive fuzzy control: the controller output error method (1997)

The controller output error method (COEM) is introduced and applied to the design of adaptive fuzzy control systems. The method employs a gradient descent algorithm to minimize a cost function which is based on the error at the controller output. This contrasts with more conventional methods which use the error at the plant output. The cost function is minimized by adapting some or all of the parameters of the fuzzy controller. The proposed adaptive fuzzy controller is applied to the adaptive control of a nonlinear plant and is shown to be capable of providing good overall system performance.
Acelerador gráfico para rotación de imágenes en procesos de rastreo (1993)

Para solucionar el problema de rotacion de imagenes en sistemas de visualizacion grafica, desde un formato de mapa de bits, a un formato de rastreo con anchura superior a un pixel, se presenta un circuito basado en memorias estaticas y una gran matriz sistolica implementada en EPLDs.
El problema de rotacion se encuentra en la mayoria de impresoras, plotters de ancho barrido, monitores de multiple trazador, etc. Con esta solucion se realiza la operacion en tiempo real, disminuyendo mucho el tiempo que se consume con soluciones software. Este diseno es parte del desarrollo realizado en el proyecto ESPRIT 5338, CIMPLIFY
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Drug Interactions (1987)

From the University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
Preparation and Evaluation of Poly(γ-glutamic acid)-Based Anti-Adhesion Membranes (2007)

Poly(γ-glutamic acid)(γ-PGA) based nanofiber sheets were prepared by using electrospinning technique to evaluate the ability of the prevention of postoperative tissue adhesion. The anti-adhesion membranes were prepared from poly(γ-glutamic acid) and PLGA with different compositions by electrospinning. Also nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen) was incorporated during fabrication of nanofibers. Various electrospun nanofibers were characterized by the measurements of microstructure (surface morphology and fiber diameter by SEM), ATR-FTIR, water contact angle and in vivo animal study using Sprague Dawley rat model. The average diameter of nanofibers electrospun from trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution ranged from 300 nm to 900 nm, approximately. From in vivo animal study, it was observed that ibuprofen-incorporated γ- PGA nanofiber sheet was significantly effective in preventing tissue adhesion and inducing wound healing, probably due to the appropriate hydrophilicity of γ-PGA preventing shrinkage of the sheet and appropriate barrier property, while PLGA nanofibrous mat was dramatically contracted in in vivo due to its high hydrophobicity resulted in insufficient coverage of wound.
Measured Air Leakage of Buildings (1986)

Description The result of a changing technology, STP 904 presents the latest information on air infiltration. There are 23 papers in this book which is divided into four sections: residential; commercial and industrial; techniques for measurements and infiltration reduction; and analysis.
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with quantum memories (2014)

We generalize measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution [Lo, Curty, and Qi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 130503 (2012)] to the scenario where the Bell-state measurement station contains also heralded quantum memories. We find analytical formulas, in terms of device imperfections, for all quantities entering in the secret key rates, i.e., the quantum bit error rate and the repeater rate. We assume either single-photon sources or weak coherent pulse sources plus decoy states. We show that it is possible to significantly outperform the original proposal, even in presence of decoherence of the quantum memory. Our protocol may represent the first natural step for implementing a two-segment quantum repeater.
Modified Polyamines for CO<sub>2</sub> Absorption. Product Preparation and Characterization (2000)

Aliphatic polyamines easily absorb acidic gases but unfortunately are not suitable for industrial application because their solutions are difficult to regenerate. Molecular modification is of primary importance to reduce their basicity and to allow their use in acid gas recovery processes. Various modified polyamines were prepared by reacting tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) with formaldehyde and formaldehyde/phenol in various molar ratios. The physical and chemical characterization of the synthesized products showed a general reduction of basicity; the modification of TEPA with formaldehyde and phenol gave products with high CO2 absorption capacity and easier regeneration; moreover, the heat of reaction during CO2 absorption was reduced. The selected compound had a TEPA/CH2O/C6H5OH ratio equal to 1/0.5/0.4. This new product showed higher cyclic capacity, higher absorption rate, and lower degradation compared with diethanolamine under the same experimental conditions. The product is stable, constant in composition, and suitable for industrial scale-up.
Relevance of new psychotropic drugs for the neurologist (2002)

Clinicians can now select psychotropic agents from a wide choice

The discovery of neuroleptic and antidepressant drugs about 50 years ago marked a breakthrough in pharmacotherapeutics, which has revolutionised the therapy of many neuropsychiatric conditions. The efficacy of the early and then standard agents in alleviating depressive and psychotic symptoms and preventing their reoccurrence has been established in numerous trials, but other factors limit their utility. These include the facts that not all patients respond to treatment, and that they tend to often have an unacceptable incidence of side effects, many of which are neurological in nature—such as parkinsonism, dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, and seizures.

In an effort to match improved therapeutic efficiency with a better side effect profile, various new antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs have recently been developed. These are becoming widely used and their introduction may have important consequences for neurological practice.

According to the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia, limbic D2 receptor blockade is essential for a drug to have antipsychotic activity.1 Classic neuroleptic drugs, such as haloperidol, antagonise dopamine D2 receptors and their clinical efficacy correlates with inhibitory activity at these receptor subtypes. Haloperidol leads to parkinsonism in 15%-45% of treated schizophrenic patients.2

The development of clozapine with properties differing from traditional neuroleptic agents has heralded the era of “atypical” antipsychotic drugs which are claimed to have improved tolerability and effectiveness compared with conventional neuroleptic drugs. The effectiveness of clozapine in treating patients with schizophrenia refractory to other medications,3 coupled with a low incidence of extrapyramidal side effects, has been attributed to a unique receptor profile and marked a major advance in psychopharmacotherapy. However, therapy with clozapine is limited by its potential for serious adverse effects, in particular the induction of agranulocytosis in 1%–2% of patients and it is therefore considered a second line therapy. …
Gender-dependent phonetic refraction for speaker recognition (2002)

This paper describes improvements to an innovative high-performance speaker recognition system. Recent experiments showed that with sufficient training data phone strings from multiple languages are exceptional features for speaker recognition. The prototype phonetic speaker recognition system used phone sequences from six languages to produce an equal error rate of 11.5% on Switchboard-I audio files. The improved system described in this paper reduces the equal error rate to less then 4%. This is accomplished by incorporating gender-dependent phone models, pre-processing the speech files to remove cross-talk, and developing more sophisticated fusion techniques for the multi-language likelihood scores.
NF-κB Regulates Phagocytic NADPH Oxidase by Inducing the Expression of gp91 (2006)

The superoxide-generating phagocytic NADPH oxidase is an important component of the innate immune response against microbial agents, and is involved in shaping the cellular response to a variety of physiological and pathological signals. One of the downstream targets of NADPH oxidase-derived radicals is the ubiquitous transcription factor NF-kappaB, which controls the expression of a large array of genes involved in immune function and cell survival. Here we show that NF-kappaB itself is a key factor in controlling NADPH oxidase expression and function. In monocytic and microglial cell lines, the expression of the NADPH oxidase subunit gp91(phox) was induced by lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma treatment and was inhibited in cells constitutively expressing IkappaBalpha. Furthermore, inducible reactive oxygen species production was inhibited in IkappaBalpha overexpressing cells. gp91(phox) expression was very low in RelA(-/-) fibroblasts and could be induced by reconstituting these cells with p65/RelA. Thus, gp91(phox) expression is dependent on the presence of p65/RelA. We also found that gp91(phox) transcription is dependent on NF-kappaB and we identified two potential cis-acting elements in the murine gp91(phox) promoter that control NF-kappaB-dependent regulation. The findings raise the possibility of a positive feedback loop in which NF-kappaB activation by oxidative stress leads to further radical production via NADPH oxidase.
OPERATION AND CONTROL OF SPLIT-PARALLEL, THROUGH-THE- ROAD HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH IN-WHEEL MOTORS (2015)

A variant of the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a split-axle, through-the-road parallel hybrid, which enables existing vehicles to be retrofitted into an HEV with minimal modificationachieved by placing electric motors in the hub of the otherwise non-driven wheels. The term 'through-the-road' (TTR) refers to the power coupling scheme between the internal combustion engine (ICE) and in-wheel motors (IWM), which is not through some mechanical device but through the vehicle itself, its wheels and the road on which it moves. The objective of the present work is to identify specific operating modes, power flow, torque-speed relationship, profiles and system architecture of the TTR-IWM hybrid -in particular a retrofit-conversion hybrid -in comparison to the ordinary parallel HEV. This paper also discusses three possible control architectures and the corresponding control parameters. The TTR-IWM hybrid's reduced operating modes and inability to charge its battery bank during vehicle stand-still present challenges which require a specific control strategy. Simulation results of acceleration show that the TTR-IWM hybrid has better fuel economy and acceleration performance, compared to the pre-transmission, parallel hybrid vehicle with on-board motor.
Kinetic Mechanism of the GCN5-Related Chromosomal Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferase AAC(6‘)-Ii from <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>:  Evidence of Dimer Subunit Cooperativity (2003)

The aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase AAC(6')-Ii from Enterococcus faecium is an important microbial resistance determinant and a member of the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily. We report here the further characterization of this enzyme in terms of the kinetic mechanism of acetyl transfer and identification of rate-contributing step(s) in catalysis, as well as investigations into the binding of both acetyl-CoA and aminoglycoside substrates to the AAC(6')-Ii dimer. Product and dead-end inhibition studies revealed that AAC(6')-Ii follows an ordered bi-bi ternary complex mechanism with acetyl-CoA binding first followed by antibiotic. Solvent viscosity studies demonstrated that aminoglycoside binding and product release govern the rate of acetyl transfer, as evidenced by changes in both the k(cat)/K(b) for aminoglycoside and k(cat), respectively, with increasing solvent viscosity. Solvent isotope effects were consistent with our viscosity studies that diffusion-controlled processes and not the chemical step were rate-limiting in drug modification. The patterns of partial and mixed inhibition observed during our mechanistic studies were followed up by investigating the possibility of subunit cooperativity in the AAC(6')-Ii dimer. Through the use of AAC-Trp(164) --> Ala, an active mutant which exists as a monomer in solution, the partial nature of the competitive inhibition observed in wild-type dead-end inhibition studies was alleviated. Isothermal titration calorimetry studies also indicated two nonequivalent antibiotic binding sites for the AAC(6')-Ii dimer but only one binding site for the Trp(164) --> Ala mutant. Taken together, these results demonstrate subunit cooperativity in the AAC(6')-Ii dimer, with possible relevance to other oligomeric members of the GNAT superfamily.
Foreground-background segmentation by cellular neural networks (2002)

A common procedure in digital postproduction is rotoscoping, the segmentation of independently moving foreground elements from background in a sequence of images. Still often carried our manually, rotoscoping is time-consuming and requires great skill in determining the boundary between foreground and background. Errors lead to a bubbling artefact in the final composited sequence. The industry is interested in automated rotoscoping. Any automatic segmentation method must correctly locate the boundary and be robust given rapid motion and non-static backgrounds. A cellular neural network for segmentation is presented that labels pixels by colour, estimated motion and neighbouring labels. The method is accurate, labour saving and many times faster than manual rotoscoping.
Evolution of wide band array designs (2011)

For wide array antennas, four types of radiators (array elements) can be considered. These include the long Vivaldi tapered notch, flared dipole (“bunny-ear”), connected dipoles or long slots (“Thumbtack” for dual-pol), and low profile elements backed by high impedance magnetic ground plane. Phased array is a periodic structure characterized by certain band pass features defined by its lattice and radiator geometry. However, radiator design is actually a “transformer” design aimed to match TR module and electronics' low impedance (25~50 ohms) to free space's 377 ohm wave impedance with minimum reflection in a large array. This impedance ladder can be partitioned in different ways, resulting in different radiator designs. An overview on the evolution of wide band radiators and array designs at Raytheon SAS is presented.
Antropofagia organizacional (1998)

A questão da utilização de tecnologia administrativa originária de países desenvolvidos por empresas no Brasil pode ser vista sob duas perspectivas: pela perspectiva das empresas locais, que a adotam pressionadas pelo novo contexto competitivo, e pela perspectiva das empresas que se instalam no País e que trazem essas práticas diretamente de suas matrizes. Em ambos os casos, a importação de modelos estrangeiros mostra-se problemática. O objetivo deste artigo é, primeiro, discutir por que ocorre essa importação, depois, mostrar que peculiaridades locais impedem sua implantação como previsto e, por fim, propor e ilustrar um "método antropofágico" de ação para essa importação em países emergentes.
Theory of distributed mixing and amplification in a superconducting quasi-particle nonlinear transmission line (1997)

An analysis is presented for the behavior of the superconducting quasi-particle nonlinear transmission line driven by a high-frequency local oscillator (LO). The theory developed includes a large-signal nonlinear analysis, a small-signal analysis, and a noise analysis. This model is used to simulate the conversion loss and noise temperature of distributed quasi-particle mixers based on the nonlinear transmission line. The numerical results are compared to an experimental mixer at 460 GHz. The theory also predicts that the nonlinear transmission line will provide parametric amplification when the idler frequency is inductively tuned. This new phenomenon may present new opportunities to low-noise receiver systems at submillimeter wavelengths.