gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lateral resolution enhancement in confocal microscopy by vectorial aperture engineering (2010)

This article reports the design and implementation of a lateral resolution-enhancement technique in confocal microscopy that can work, in principle, either in the reflection mode or in the fluorescence mode. Taking the difference between two images corresponding to two different vectorially (involving amplitude, phase, and polarization of light) engineered illumination pupils or apertures of a confocal microscope, high spatial frequency contents in the resultant image can be significantly enhanced. This can be realized by incorporating an extra vectorial beam-forming element into the illumination beam path of a conventional confocal microscope. The method of the proposed technique has been explained by giving it an analytical treatment supported by numerical simulation results. The technique has been implemented in a reflection mode confocal microscope and results obtained are presented.
On estimating the effects of peak demand pricing (1986)

Abstract Extreme value distributions are seldom used in economics, despite what seems to be a natural application to peak demand pricing. This paper estimates the effect of an individual peak demand charge which is a component of the standard industrial electricity rate structure. The extreme value distribution is used in forming the likelihood function of individual peak demand which is then estimated on a sample of five Ontario cement firms from 1970–1977. Goodness‐of‐fit tests tend to support the use of the extreme value distribution.
Integrated packaging of a 1 kW switching module using planar interconnect on embedded power chips technology (2003)

A 1 kW MOSFET half-bridge switching subassembly with gate drivers has been designed and fabricated, in integrated three-dimensional (3-D) form factor, using a planar integration technology, through building up dielectric/metallization thin-film interconnection directly on co-planar bare power chips embedded in a ceramic carrier. The 3-D geometrical layout was optimized through simulating electrical and thermal performance, with Maxwell Q3D and I-DEAS, respectively. The advantages of this module have been experimentally demonstrated by the electrical and thermal performance in the testbeds and IPEM-based DC/DC converter.
High-Throughput Purification of Combinatorial Arrays (2002)

Performance and reproducibility of the Biotage Parallex, a high-throughput purification system, was evaluated using known standards. The results indicate that parallel purification is a robust technique for purifying large numbers of compounds. Results from one of the first libraries to be purified on the Biotage Parallex are presented and discussed. Since fractionation by UV can often result in a large number of fractions, threshold trigger versus yield and number of fractions was also investigated. This approach was used to purify an array of 4320 compounds, produced by an 11-step solid-phase synthesis in Irori MicroKans. Ninety-three percent of the compounds were successfully processed, with >90% having purity >95%.
Experimental Investigation of Dual-Mode Microstrip Ring Resonators (1990)

The general behavior of microstrip ring resonators has been known for some time. In particular, the possibility of exciting two degenerate resonances on a single ring has already been established. In the technical literature, however, one can not find (to the authors knowledge) a complete and detailed description of actual microwave filters implemented by explicitly using the dual-mode nature of the microstrip ring. In this paper we present computer simulations and measured results describing a dual-mode filter cell implemented by using a single microstrip ring resonator. The microstrip dual-mode filter presented allows the implementation of two transmission poles and two transmission zeros using only one dual-mode ring resonator. This result is of particular interest because it has already been demonstrated experimentally that a similar behavior can be also obtained with circular-waveguide resonators. The presence or the absence of the transmission zeros is explained in simple terms. In addition, a procedure is presented to predict the position in frequency of the transmission zeros.
Dominant negative isoform of the Ikaros gene in patients with adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (2000)

Gene targeting studies in mice have shown that the transcription factor Ikaros plays an essential role in lymphoid development and as a tumor suppressor in T cells, whereas the related gene Aiolos functions as a tumor suppressor in B cells. We analyzed the expression levels of the Ikaros gene family, Ikaros and Aiolos, in human bone marrow samples from patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL (n = 46; B-cell ALL = 41; T-cell ALL = 5)]. Overexpression of the dominant negative isoform of Ikaros gene Ik-6 was observed in 14 of 41 B-cell ALL patients by reverse transcription-PCR, and the results were confirmed by sequencing analysis and immunoblotting. None of the other dominant negative isoforms of the Ikaros gene were detected by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Southern blotting analysis with PstI digestion revealed that those patients with the dominant negative isoform Ik-6 might have small mutations in the Ikaros locus. We did not detect any overexpression of dominant negative isoforms of Aiolos in adult ALL patients. These results suggest that Ikaros plays a key role in human B-cell malignancies through the dominant negative isoform Ik-6.
Succinate Dehydrogenase-deficient Tumors (2012)

Just over 10 years ago, germline mutations in SDHD, a gene that encodes 1 of the 4 proteins of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex, were reported in a subset of patients with hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome. Since that time, rapid discoveries have been made in this area. It is now recognized that all of the SDH genes are involved in the tumorigenesis of not only paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas, but also other tumor types, most notably gastrointestinal stromal tumors. This review will outline the genetics of SDH-deficient tumors, discuss possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis, and describe how these tumors can be identified by immunohistochemistry.
From APIs to affordances (2012)

The ecosystem of services on the Web continues to grow and evolve while, at the same time, the number and diversity of connected devices increases; challenges lie ahead for both providers and consumers of Web services. This paper is presented as a 'what-if' proposal; an alternate paradigm for dealing with an increasingly heterogeneous network.
Spectrum Sensing Measurements of Pilot, Energy, and Collaborative Detection (2006)

In this paper we present an experimental study that comprehensively evaluates the performance of three different detection methods proposed for sensing of primary user signals in cognitive radios. For pilot and energy detection, our measurement results confirmed the theoretical expectations on sensing time performance. However, a physical implementation of these detectors in the presence of real noise uncertainties, analog impairments and interference allowed us to establish practical bounds on the detectable signal levels. In the case of collaborative detection, our analysis of experimental data collected in indoor environments identified the design parameters that can significantly improve the sensing gain: adaptive threshold, spatial separation and multiple antennas
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists and Hypertension (1999)

Over recent years, a number of imidazole derivatives that specifically bind to the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, thereafter called sartans, have been developed and made available to the clinician. Whether targeting antihypertensive treatment with such a high specificity within the renin cascade may carry major clinical advantage over inhibiting angiotensin converting-enzyme remains to be demonstrated. In short-term studies, the efficacy of these drugs at reducing blood pressure was similar to that of established comparators, whereas overall side effect profile was comparable to that of placebo.
Plasminogen Activators in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines and Tumors: Correlation with the Aggressive Phenotype (1989)

The levels of several tumor associated proteases, including plasminogen activators (PA), are elevated in many malignant tumors compared to their benign tumor counterparts. Extracellular matrix degradation mediated by PA may facilitate tumor cell invasion and metastasis. To assess whether PA content correlates with the aggressive phenotype in prostate cancer, we studied these activators in the PC-3 human prostate cell line and PC-3CALN, an aggressive in vivo derived variant cell line. Enzymatic assays using H-D-val-leu-lys-pNA (S-2251) as substrate and peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immunohistochemical techniques were used. In an in vitro chemoinvasion assay, the PC-3CALN variant cell line demonstrated significantly greater invasive behavior than the unselected, parental PC-3 line. The activity of PA secreted by PC-3CALN cells was 3.5 times greater than that of PC-3 cells (p less than 0.01). PC-3 metastases obtained following intrasplenic injection of PC-3 cells had greater PA activities than the corresponding primary tumors. Immunohistochemical studies of PC-3 tumors demonstrated preferential localization of urokinase-type PA to areas of apparent tumor cell invasion. These data suggest a correlation between PA and the aggressive phenotype in this model of human prostate cancer. PA, in particular u-PA, may play a role in the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells and provide a marker of the aggressive phenotype.
Increased macrophage colony-stimulating factor in neonatal and adult autoimmune MRL-lpr mice. (1991)

Abnormal macrophages in MRL-lpr mice are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. These mice die of lupus nephritis by 5 to 6 months of age. This study reports that MRL-lpr mice have an increased level of circulating macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) detectable as early as 1 week of age. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor decreased between 2 and 4 months and then steadily increased beginning at 4 months of age. In contrast, M-CSF was not detected in sera from congenic MRL-++ mice, normal C3H/FeJ mice, two other mouse strains with the lpr gene (B6-lpr and C3H-lpr), or another lupus model, the NZB/W mouse. These observations indicate that the lpr gene alone is not responsible for inducing this growth factor, and elevated M-CSF is not required for all forms of murine lupus. The entire source of serum M-CSF is not clear. The unique T cells regulated by the lpr gene are not responsible for the increased serum M-CSF levels, as no M-CSFs could be detected in supernatants from cultured lymph nodes from MRL-lpr mice, and the steady-state levels of M-CSF mRNA in lymph nodes and spleens in MRL-lpr, C3H-lpr mice and in their respective congenic strains were similar. The steady-state M-CSF mRNA transcripts in liver, lung, and bone marrow in MRL-lpr, MRL-++, and C3H/FeJ mice were also similar. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor transcripts were clearly elevated in the kidneys of MRL-lpr mice, suggesting a renal source of circulating M-CSF. The increase of M-CSF might be responsible for the increased numbers and enhanced functions of macrophages, which in turn cause tissue destruction in MRL-lpr mice.
The Immunogenic Glycoprotein gp35-37 of Human Herpesvirus 8 Is Encoded by Open Reading Frame K8.1 (1998)

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and body cavity-based lymphomas (BCBLs). The HHV-8 genome is primarily in a latent state in BCBL-derived cell lines like BCBL-1, but lytic replication can be induced by phorbol esters (R. Renne, W. Zhang, B. Herndier, M. McGrath, N. Abbey, D. Kedes, and D. E. Ganem, Nat. Med. 2:342-346, 1996). A 35- to 37-kDa glycoprotein (gp35-37) is the polypeptide most frequently and intensively recognized by KS patient sera on Western blots with induced BCBL-1 cells. Its apparent molecular mass is reduced to 30 kDa by digestion with peptide-N-glycosidase F. By searching the known HHV-8 genomic sequence for open reading frames (ORF) with the potential to encode such a glycoprotein, an additional, HHV-8-specific reading frame was identified adjacently to ORF K8. This ORF, termed K8.1, was found to be transcribed primarily into a spliced mRNA encoding a glycoprotein of 228 amino acids. Recombinant K8.1 was regularly recognized by KS patient sera in Western blots, and immunoaffinity-purified antibodies to recombinant K8.1 reacted with gp35-37. This shows that the immunogenic gp35-37 is encoded by HHV-8 reading frame K8.1, which will be a useful tool for studies of HHV-8 epidemiology and pathogenesis.
Toward lightweight transparent data middleware in support of document stores (2013)

With the advent of rapid increase in the size of data in legacy applications, it is urgent to build efficient and flexible data middleware that supports SQL to MapReduce transformation. In this paper, we propose a data middleware to translate the SQLs to the operations that the NoSQL can understand using the MapReduce framework we design. This middleware transforms the read and write SQL statements into MapReduce jobs. In addition, a set of transformation rules is discussed in detail. This middleware can significantly reduce redundant computations and improve the performance of I/O operations.
Particle rosettes and microtubular ridges on the plasma membrane of (1991)

Abstract We have examined the plasma membrane of cortical and internodal cells of Chara globularis var. capillacea (Thuill.) Zanev. using rapid-freezing and freeze-fracturing techniques. The non-etched image of the protoplasmic face reveals particle rosettes, and also reveals ridges which can be correlated with cortical microtubules. Since both rosettes and microtubular ridges can thus be viewed simultaneously, we have looked for a spatial relationship between them, but have found them to be essentially independent. We have found that the density of particle rosettes is a function of age and of type of cell. Groups of pits may represent the complementary exoplasmic component of the rosettes.
Determinants of Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Supervisory and Non-Supervisory Employees in a Large Canadian Teaching Hospital (1999)

This article explores the extent to which hospital workers at a large teaching hospital at different managerial/supervisory levels (designated and non-designated supervisors, and non-supervisory staff), experienced job stress and job satisfaction prior to the re-engineering of hospital services. For all groups, increased levels of job demands were associated with higher levels of stress. Lower levels of decision latitude were associated with increased job stress for designated supervisors. Increasing levels of decision latitude were associated with both job stress and satisfaction for the other two groups. Co-worker support and teamwork contributed to increased job satisfaction for all groups.
Inelastic collisions of ultracold polar molecules (2001)

The collisional stability of ultracold polar molecules in electrostatic traps is considered. Rate constants for collisions that drive molecules from weak-electric-field-seeking to strong-field-seeking states are estimated using a simple model that emphasizes long-range dipolar forces. The rate constants for collisional losses are found to vary substantially as a function of molecular parameters used in the model, such as dipole moment, mass, and the splitting of the molecular $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ doublet. Varying these parameters over physically reasonable ranges yields rate constants as low as ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}20} {\mathrm{cm}}^{3}/\mathrm{sec}$ and as high as ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10} {\mathrm{cm}}^{3}/\mathrm{sec}.$ Nevertheless, the loss rates rise dramatically in the presence of the externally applied trapping electric field. For this reason it is argued that electrostatic traps are likely to be less stable against collisional losses than their magnetic counterparts.
Synthesis and crystal structures of two zinc(II) complexes derived from 4-bromo-2-(cyclopentyliminomethyl)phenol with different solvents (2009)

Two new mononuclear zinc(II) complexes, [ZnL2] (I) and [ZnL2] · 2MeOH (II) (HL = 4-bromo-2-(cyclopentyliminomethyl)phenol), were synthesized by the reaction of the Schiff base HL with zinc acetate in ethanol and methanol solutions, respectively. Both complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of I is orthorhombic: space group Pbca, a = 14.711(3), b = 13.223(3), c = 24.870(5) Å, V = 4837.8(18) Å3, Z = 8. The crystal of II is monoclinic: space group C2/c, a = 20.581(5), b = 10.660(3), c = 15.428(4) Å, β = 119.919(3)°, V = 2933.7(13) Å3, Z = 4. The Zn atom in each complex is four-coordinated by two imine N and two phenolic O atoms, forming a tetrahedral geometry. Complex II possesses crystallographic two-fold rotation axis symmetry.
Clinical medical officers in the Child Health Service (1980)

Clinical medical officers in the Child Health Service Sonya Leff Sonya Leff East Sussex AHA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Public Health, Volume 2, Issue 4, November 1980, Page 340, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043367 Published: 01 November 1980
Transporters that translocate nucleosides and structural similar drugs: structural requirements for substrate recognition (2011)

Nucleoside transporters (NT) are integral membrane proteins implicated in the salvage of natural nucleobases and nucleosides for nucleic acid synthesis. These proteins also play a crucial role as carriers of nucleoside analogs used in anticancer and antiviral therapies. In fact, differential expression patterns of NT subtypes among tissues and individuals as well as the existence of genetic variants affect nucleoside-derived drug permeation, and consequently, their pharmacokinetic and cytotoxic properties. Thus, NT expression patterns may be effective predictive markers of therapeutic response. While the structures of NT proteins are yet to be solved, specific residues responsible for interaction with substrates and inhibitors have been identified, providing further insights into their structure-function relationship. In addition to transporter structural features, several experimental approaches have been used to identify the structural requirements of nucleosides for interaction with Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters and Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters (SLC28 and SLC29 gene families, respectively). Pharmacophore models proposed for both protein families may prove suitable for optimizing drug design. Additional transporter proteins, including Organic Anion Transporters, Organic Cation Transporters (members of the SLC22 gene family), and Peptide Transporters (SLC15 gene family), have been implicated in the uptake of nucleoside-derived drugs, particularly those currently used in antiviral therapies. In this review, we focus on the pharmacological profiles of these transporter proteins, summarizing the documented studies covering structure-function and substrate structural requirement properties that determine drug-carrier interaction and efficient substrate translocation across the plasma membrane of target cells.
Systematic Review of the Performance of HIV Viral Load Technologies on Plasma Samples (2014)

This review found that all currently available HIV VL assays are of sufficient sensitivity to detect plasma VL of 1,000 copies/mL as a threshold to initiate investigations of treatment adherence or possible treatment failure. Sources of variability between VL assays include differences in technology platform, plasma input volume, and ability to detect HIV-1 subtypes. Monitoring of individual patients should be performed on the same technology platform to ensure appropriate interpretation of changes in VL. Prospero registration # CD42013003603.
Highly Ordered Mesoporous Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–ZrO<sub>2</sub> Bimetal Oxides for an Enhanced CO Hydrogenation Activity to Hydrocarbons with Their Structural Stability (2017)

Highly ordered mesoporous Fe2O3–ZrO2 mixed bimetal oxides (FeZr) without any additional chemical promoters were first applied to produce the value-added hydrocarbons by CO hydrogenation through Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction of syngas. To enhance a catalytic activity and structural stability, an irreducible ZrO2 as a structural promoter was incorporated in the ordered mesoporous Fe2O3 structures with a different Zr/Fe molar ratio from 0 to 1 prepared by using a hard template of KIT-6. When an optimal amount of zirconia (Zr/Fe molar ratio = 0.25) was incorporated in the ordered mesoporous Fe2O3 frameworks, the catalytic activity was significantly improved and almost 10 times higher than the mesoporous monometallic Fe2O3. The highly ordered mesoporous structures were stably preserved even under reductive FTS reaction conditions. The ordered mesoporous FeZr catalysts showed a higher C5+ selectivity even at a higher CO conversion above 80%. This improved catalytic activity and stability on the optimized FeZr catalyst were mainly attributed to the facile formation of active iron carbide species such as the stable χ-Fe5C2 with insignificant structural collapses through a formation of strongly interacted iron nanoparticles with the ZrO2 structural promoter with a suppressed inactive coke deposition in the highly ordered FeZr mesopores.
Measurement of the electric quadrupole moments of CO<sub>2</sub>and OCS (2011)

The electric quadrupole moments of carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulphide have been measured via the technique of electric-field-gradient-induced birefringence (the Buckingham effect). Measurements for carbon dioxide span the temperature range 299.4 to 471.7 K, which allows for separation of the temperature-independent hyperpolarizability term from the temperature-dependent quadrupole term, yielding a quadrupole moment of Θ = (−14.31 ± 0.74) × 10−40 C m2, and a hyperpolarizability term of b = (−0.34 ± 0.19) × 10−60 C3 m4 J−2. Thermal decomposition of carbonyl sulphide at elevated temperatures restricted our measurements for this molecule to room temperature (302.1 K), yielding a quadrupole moment of Θ = (−0.984 ± 0.034) × 10−40 C m2, the hyperpolarizability term having been assumed to contribute negligibly.
Characterization of the Composition, Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Acid Whey Protein Concentrates (1987)

ABSTRACT Membrane‐processed acid whey protein concentrates were studied for their foaming and emulsifying properties in dilute whey protein solutions and in a 30% fat emulsion. Among the compositional factors and physicochemical characters which significantly correlated with foaming and emulsifying properties were protein hydrophobicity, solubility, free‐sulfhydryl content, phosphorus and β‐lactoglobulin concentration. Heptane binding was negatively correlated with foam overrun and foam stability of whey protein solutions, whereas, exposed hydrophobicity was positively correlated with overrun in the whipped topping.