gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction and Electrical Properties of a Germanium Alloy-Diffused Transistor (1958)

The fabrication of high-frequency transistors by the alloy-diffusion method is described. A group of transistors was subjected to an extensive series of measurements in order to establish an equivalent circuit characterizing the transistor for small ac amplitudes at à fixed dc bias. The resulting "physical" T-equivalent circuit is valid up to at least 25 mc. The different circuit elements are discussed with respect to their physical background. A translation from the T-circuit into the electrically more convenient π-circuit is also presented.
A chimaeric plant virus vaccine protects mice against a bacterial infection (1999)

The plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is an efficient carrier of foreign peptides for the generation of strong humoral immune responses. Peptides derived from both viruses and bacteria are strongly immunogenic when displayed on the surface of CPMV and elicit high titres of peptide-specific antibody. However, the protective effects of antibodies generated using bacterial epitopes in this system have yet to be demonstrated. In this study the ability of chimaeric virus particles (CVPs) to afford protection against bacterial infection was assessed. Immunization of outbred mice with CPMV expressing a peptide derived from outer-membrane protein F of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CPMV-PAE5) generated high titres of P. aeruginosa-specific IgG that opsonized the bacteria for phagocytosis by human neutrophils and afforded protection upon challenge with two different immunotypes of P. aeruginosa in a model of chronic pulmonary infection. When examined 8 d after challenge, CVP-immunized mice had fewer severe lung lesions and fewer bacteria in their lungs compared to mice immunized with wild-type virus. Different levels of protection were seen with CPMV-PAE5 when Freund's or alum adjuvants were used. These studies highlight the ability of CVPs to generate protective immunity against infectious disease agents.
Design principles of liquid nebulization devices currently in use. (2002)

Liquid nebulization is a common method of medical aerosol generation. Nebulizers are of 2 types: jet (or pneumatic) small-volume nebulizer, and ultrasonic nebulizer. Jet nebulizers are based on the venturi principle, whereas ultrasonic nebulizers use the converse piezoelectric effect to convert alternating current to high-frequency acoustic energy. Important variables for both types of nebulizer are treatment time required, particle size produced, and aerosol drug output. There are several advantages to jet nebulization, including that effective use requires only simple, tidal breathing, and that dose modification and dose compounding are possible. Disadvantages include the length of treatment time and equipment size. Design modifications to the constant-output nebulizer have resulted in breath-enhanced, open-vent nebulizers such as the Pari LC Plus and the dosimetric AeroEclipse. Ultrasonic nebulizers generally have a higher output rate than jet nebulizers, but a larger average particle size. Ultrasonic nebulizers can also substantially increase reservoir solution temperature, the opposite of jet nebulizer cooling. Drug concentration in the reservoir does not increase with ultrasonic nebulization, as it does with jet nebulization. Ultrasonic nebulizers have the same advantages as jet nebulizers. Ultrasonic nebulizers are more expensive and fragile than jet nebulizers, may cause drug degradation, and do not nebulize suspensions well. Neither type of nebulizer meets the criteria for an ideal inhaler: efficient and quick dose delivery with reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, and no ambient contamination by lost aerosol.
Intuition in Professional Practice (2000)

Intuition, as part of our thinking, is often misunderstood or held in mystical regard. It is important to understand the aspects of this instinctual process and to appreciate the differing perspectives of both the registered nurse in the staff position and the executive in a leadership role. We compare responses to a Socratic dialogue of the definition of intuition and offer suggestions for nursing leaders to develop clinical judgment using nursing examples of intuition.
Novel Flavaglines Displaying Improved Cytotoxicity (2010)

Novel flavagline analogues were synthesized and examined with respect to their cytotoxicity. Structural features critical to the potential of this class of anticancer natural products were unraveled. We demonstrated, in particular, that the introduction of substituants at C-2 has a deleterious effect on multidrug resistance. Replacement of the hydroxy at C-1 by an aminoformyl with the opposite configuration enhances the cytotoxicity and led to a compound that reduces tumors growth in an allograft model at nontoxic doses.
Operating Systems: Design and Implementation (2006)

Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? 1.2 HISTORY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS 1.3 OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS 1.4 SYSTEM CALLS 1.5 OPERATING SYSTEM STRUCTURE 1.6 OUTLINE OF THE REST OF THIS BOOK 1.7 SUMMARY CHAPTER 2 PROCESSES 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO PROCESSES 2.2 INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION 2.3 CLASSICAL IPC PROBLEMS 2.4 SCHEDULING 2.5 OVERVIEW OF PROCESSES IN MINIX 3 2.6 IMPLEMENTATION OF PROCESSES IN MINIX 3 2.7 THE SYSTEM TASK IN MINIX 3 2.8 THE CLOCK TASK IN MINIX 3 2.9 SUMMARY CHAPTER 3 INPUT/OUTPUT 3.1 PRINCIPLES OF I/O HARDWARE 3.2 PRINCIPLES OF I/O SOFTWARE 3.3 DEADLOCKS 3.4 OVERVIEW OF I/O IN MINIX 3 3.5 BLOCK DEVICES IN MINIX 3 3.6 RAM DISKS 3.7 DISKS 3.8 TERMINALS 3.9 SUMMARY CHAPTER 4 MEMORY MANAGEMENT 4.1 BASIC MEMORY MANAGEMENT 4.2 SWAPPING 4.3 VIRTUAL MEMORY 4.4 PAGE REPLACEMENT ALGORITHMS 4.5 DESIGN ISSUES FOR PAGING SYSTEMS 4.6 SEGMENTATION 4.7 OVERVIEW OF THE MINIX 3 PROCESS MANAGER 4.8 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MINIX 3 PROCESS MANAGER 4.9 SUMMARY CHAPTER 5 FILE SYSTEMS 5.1 FILES 5.2 DIRECTORIES 5.3 FILE SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 5.4 SECURITY 5.5 PROTECTION MECHANISMS 5.6 OVERVIEW OF THE MINIX 3 FILE SYSTEM 5.7 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MINIX 3 FILE SYSTEM 5.8 SUMMARY CHAPTER 6 READING LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 6.1 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 6.2 ALPHABETICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX A - INSTALLING MINIX 3 APPENDIX B - MINIX 3 SOURCE CODE LISTING APPENDIX C - INDEX TO FILES INDEX
Handbook of stroke (1997)

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE Systematic Clinical Assessment Historical Evaluation of Key Signs and Symptoms General Medical Review General Examination Neurologic Examination Approach to the Comatose Patient Laboratory Evaluation DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE Differential Diagnosis Made Easy: General Approach Temporal Profile of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Diseases MANAGEMENT BEFORE DETERMINATION OF THE MECHANISM OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE Telephone Interview and Triage Management of Acute Stroke in Critically Ill Patients Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Cerebral Infarction: General Evaluation and Treatment Major Cerebral Infarction: General Evaluation and Treatment Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: General Evaluation and Treatment Intracerebral Hemorrhage: General Evaluation and Treatment MEDICAL AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT BASED ON SPECIFIC MECHANISMS OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE Four Major Categories of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease: Identification and Treatment Five Major Categories of Hemorrhagic Disease: Treatment of Specific Underlying Mechanisms Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Other Cerebrovascular Syndromes Vascular Disease of the Spinal Cord Cerebrovascular Disease in Children and Young Adults Cerebrovascular Disease in Pregnant Patients Cerebrovascular Disease Genetics PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS Modifiable Lifestyle and Environmental Factors Asymptomatic Carotid and Vertebral Stenosis Hypertension Dyslipidemia Other Host Factors Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Unruptured Intracranial Vascular Malformations Hematologic Disease ASSESSING AND DISCUSSING PROGNOSIS AND NATURAL HISTORY OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS Carotid or Vertebral Artery Occlusive Disease Transient Ischemic Attack Cerebral Infarction Intracerebral Hemorrhage Subarachnoid Hemorrhage MANAGEMENT AND REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE Physical Therapy Speech Therapy Other Chronic Complications of Stroke Family and Patient Education APPENDIXES Clinical Anatomy of the Brain and Spinal Cord Vascular System Glasgow Coma Scale Functional Status Scales (Stroke Severity Scales) A Stroke Risk Profile Practice Guidelines for Management of Cerebrovascular Disease Outline of Diets Low in Fat and Cholesterol and Table of Ideal Body Weight
Alteration of the Phase and Period of a Circadian Oscillator by a Reversible Transcription Inhibitor (1991)

A function for transcription in the mechanism of a circadian oscillator was investigated with the reversible transcription inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D- ribobenzimidazole (DRB). Two-hour treatments with DRB shifted the phase of the circadian rhythm of the isolated eye of Aplysia, and continuous treatments of DRB lengthened the free running period of this rhythm. Camptothecin, an inhibitor of transcription that is structurally unrelated to DRB, had similar effects on the circadian rhythm. These results suggest that transcription may be part of the circadian oscillating mechanism.
The construction of the Taiwan Humanities Citation Index (2004)

The Taiwan Humanities Citation Index (THCI) is Taiwan's effort to construct a search, research, and evaluation tool for research in the arts and humanities. This article describes the design, framework, features, and policies and rules of the THCI. Citation analysis has been regarded as a systematic way to investigate research developments and trends. Since the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) indexes mostly English journals, the THCI could become an auxiliary citation index of the A&HCI for Taiwanese researchers.
Rotary bending fatigue of coils and wires used in cardiac lead design (1998)

Implantable electrical conductor wires and coils of MP35N and drawn MP35N tube filled with a silver core (DFT) were tested in rotary bending to evaluate fatigue characteristics and failure mechanisms. Detailed stress analysis enabled evaluation of helical coil fatigue in bending with respect to theoretical stress. The relations between the maximum cyclic stress (S) and the cycles to failure (N) were obtained by introducing cyclic stresses on over 600 samples. Microscopic evaluation using scanning electron microscopy was performed to identify failure mechanisms. The results show that the stress analysis presented is a viable means for assessing the stress state in a composite coil structure in rotary loop testing, comparable S-N fatigue data sets for MP35N and DFT conductors are not consistently significantly different, S-N relationships for coils and wires of the MP35N and DFT appear to lie on the same curves, and failures of all sample types initiate on the outside surface of the wire. Differences in crack propagation and final fracture are shown as a function of sample type and cyclic stress.
Joint Estimation of Reverberation Time and Direct-to-Reverberation Ratio from Speech using Auditory-Inspired Features (2015)

Blind estimation of acoustic room parameters such as the reverberation time $T_\mathrm{60}$ and the direct-to-reverberation ratio ($\mathrm{DRR}$) is still a challenging task, especially in case of blind estimation from reverberant speech signals. In this work, a novel approach is proposed for joint estimation of $T_\mathrm{60}$ and $\mathrm{DRR}$ from wideband speech in noisy conditions. 2D Gabor filters arranged in a filterbank are exploited for extracting features, which are then used as input to a multi-layer perceptron (MLP). The MLP output neurons correspond to specific pairs of $(T_\mathrm{60}, \mathrm{DRR})$ estimates; the output is integrated over time, and a simple decision rule results in our estimate. The approach is applied to single-microphone fullband speech signals provided by the Acoustic Characterization of Environments (ACE) Challenge. Our approach outperforms the baseline systems with median errors of close-to-zero and -1.5 dB for the $T_\mathrm{60}$ and $\mathrm{DRR}$ estimates, respectively, while the calculation of estimates is 5.8 times faster compared to the baseline.
The Resiliency of the Corneal Endothelium to Refractive and Intraocular Surgery (2000)

Corneal endothelial resiliency is due to the increased peripheral endothelial cell number for migration, the ability of endothelial cells to form tight junctions to maintain the endothelial barrier, the increase in endothelial Na+/K+ ATPase pump sites under stress, and the ability of the corneal endothelial cells to shift their metabolism of glucose to the hexose monophosphate shunt for the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and membrane repair. All of these factors are important, along with the aqueous humor sodium concentration, which establishes the osmotic gradient for corneal deturgescence and transparency.
A progressive glomerulosclerosis occurring in partial five-sixths nephrectomized rats. (1975)

<p>Saturday 20 May, 2017</p>\n<p>A symposium addressing historic and contemporary forms of political activism and art-making, in a programme of screenings, performances, and discussions, taking as a starting point the publication within this exhibition <em>14 Radnor Terrace: A Woman’s Place</em>. With contributions by Amy Tobin, Harry Giles, Ego Ahaiwe Sowinski, Suzy Mackie (See Red Women’s Workshop), Channels, Jacob V Joyce, Gail Lewis, Alice Correia and Nazmia Jamal (Sisters Uncut).</p>\n<p>Jacob V Joyce is a non-binary interdisciplinary artist who makes queer and decolonial interventions into commercial and community spaces. Jacob makes artwork for international human rights campaigns, currently working as an illustrator for Global Justice Now, as well as for comic books and zines. They are a member of the sorryyoufeeluncomfortable collective and front person for the band Screaming Toenail. Jacob has self-published a number of illustrated books, and performs spoken word and solo electronic music.</p>\n
Symmetric systems of van der Pol equations (2006)

We study the impact of
symmetries on the occurrence of periodic solutions in systems of 
van der Pol equations. We apply the equivariant
degree theory to establish existence results for multiple nonconstant 
periodic solutions and classify their symmetries. The computations of the 
algebraic invariants in the case of dihedral, tetrahedral, octahedral and 
icosahedral symmetries for a van der Pol system of equations are included.
Using explicit reservations to arbitrate access to a metropolitan system of slotted interconnected rings combining TDMA and WDMA (2005)

A system of slotted interconnected wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) rings controlled by a medium access control (MAC) protocol is shown to offer very high utilization within a queuing delay less than a few round-trip times, by means of a very-fast-reacting explicit reservation mechanism. The system can be used to provide interconnectivity in a metropolitan area transferring optical payloads on-the-fly without buffering or converting from the optical domain. All necessary control information is transferred on a dedicated wavelength and is processed in the electrical domain to provide both collision-free packet access at the ring nodes and contention resolution at the hub interconnecting the rings. The end result is a flexible and efficient metropolitan network suitable for bursty data services.
The Speed of Response of Solid Electrolyte Galvanic Cells for Gas Sensing (1977)

The factors affecting the speed of response of solid electrolyte gas sensors are considered. The uptake or release of sample material (gas) by such cells is the main reason for sluggishness in response and for variation with time in the emf developed. Special attention is given to the effect on the emf caused by the presence of a second phase with electrical properties different from those of the main material. For a model cell, consisting of a solid electrolyte containing an intergrain phase with mixed conductor properties, the diffusion equation is solved numerically. The ambipolar diffusion coefficient is used in the calculations. The numerical parameters required for the calculation of concentration profiles and emf as a function of time are those of a typical calcia‐stabilized zirconia. The results have a more general validity.
Association of ABCC2 Genotype with Efficacy of First-line FOLFIRI in Japanese Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer (2011)

This exploratory retrospective study examined the effects of polymorphisms in transporter genes related to irinotecan pharmacokinetics and those in genes related to irinotecan pharmacodynamics on the efficacy of first-line combination chemotherapy with irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and folinic acid (leucovorin) (FOLFIRI) in Japanese patients with advanced colorectal cancer. All patients harbored UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1*1/*1, *1/*6, or *1/*28 genotypes, which are associated with similar irinotecan pharmacokinetics and responses to FOLFIRI. Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed by direct sequencing. Overall response rate and median progression-free survival in a total of 61 patients were 43% and 7.5 months, respectively. The overall response rate was higher in patients with the CC genotype at -24 in ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, and member 2 (ABCC2) than in the others (p = 0.0313). Median progression-free survival was the longest in patients with CC at -24 in ABCC2, followed by those with CT and TT (p = 0.00910). A clear gene-dose effect was seen between -24C>T and median progression-free survival. No other polymorphisms tested were related to the efficacy of FOLFIRI. We thus found that the -24C>T polymorphism in the ABCC2 gene was significantly associated with the efficacy of first-line FOLFIRI in Japanese patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
The Cross-Linking of Thermally Stable Aromatic Polymers by Aryl Cyanate Cyclotrimerization (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Cross-Linking of Thermally Stable Aromatic Polymers by Aryl Cyanate CyclotrimerizationJ. K. Stille, R. G. Nelb II, and S. O. NorrisCite this: Macromolecules 1976, 9, 3, 516–523Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60051a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60051a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conjugated Donor−Acceptor Copolymer Semiconductors. Synthesis, Optical Properties, Electrochemistry, and Field-Effect Carrier Mobility of Pyridopyrazine-Based Copolymers (2008)

Five conjugated pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-based donor−acceptor copolymers were synthesized by Suzuki and Stille coupling polymerizations, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties and field-effect carrier mobilities were characterized. The copolymer semiconductors include poly(pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-alt-9,9-dioctyl-2,7-fluorene) (PPPzF), poly(thiophene-2,5-diyl-alt-2,3-diheptyl-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,8-diyl) (PTHPPz), poly(thiophene-2,5-diyl-alt-2,3-didecyl-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,8-diyl) (PTDPPz), poly(5,8-bis(4-dodecyl-thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dioctyl-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-alt-2,5-thiophene) (P3TPPz), and poly(5,8-bis(4-dodecyl-thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dioctyl-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-alt-9,9-dioctyl-2,7-fluorene) (P2TPPzF). Those soluble in tetrahydrofuran have moderate weight-average molecular weights (19 700−70 400 g/mol). The copolymers have tunable optical absorption bands in the visible region with absorption maxima at 323−588 nm and optical band gaps of 1.75−2.48 eV. Ambipolar redox properties with ionization potentials at 5.20−5.68 eV and electron affinities at 2.86−3.02 eV were observed by cyclic voltammetry. Field-effect hole mobilities of 4.1 × 10−4−4.4 × 10−3 cm2/(V s) were observed in PTHPPz, PTDPPz, and P3TPPz copolymers. The combination of ambipolar redox properties and visible region broad absorption bands with fairly high carrier mobilities observed in pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-based donor−acceptor copolymer semiconductors make them promising materials for organic electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Solid-state electroluminescent devices based on transition metal complexes (2003)

Transition metal complexes have emerged as promising candidates for applications in solid-state electroluminescent devices. These materials serve as multifunctional chromophores, into which electrons and holes can be injected, migrate and recombine to produce light emission. Their device characteristics are dominated by the presence of mobile ions that redistribute under an applied field and assist charge injection. As a result, an efficiency of 10 lm/W--among the highest efficiencies reported in a single layer electroluminescent device--was recently demonstrated. In this article we review the history of electroluminescence in transition metal complexes and discuss the issues that need to be addressed for these materials to succeed in display and lighting applications.
Development of conductive adhesives filled with low-melting-point alloy fillers (2002)

Conventional isotropic conductive adhesives (ICAs) are composed of a polymeric matrix with silver flakes. As an alternative to lead-bearing solder, ICAs offer a number of benefits, but limitations do exist for ICA technology. ICAs filled with silver flakes generally show higher initial contact resistance, unstable contact resistance, and inferior impact strength. In this study, a new class of isotropic conductive adhesives was developed by using two different fillers, a silver flake and a low melting point alloy filler, in the ICA formulations. After curing, the metallurgical connection between the silver particles and between the silver particles and the nickel (Ni) substrate was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Initial contact resistance and contact resistance shift during elevated temperature and humidity aging of the formulated ICAs on a non-noble metal (nickel) were investigated and compared to those of ICA filled only with the silver flake. It was found that (a) the low-melting-point alloy filler could wet the Ag flakes and nickel (Ni) substrate very well and formed metallurgical connections; and (b) this ICA showed especially low initial contact resistance and stable contact resistance during aging on nickel metal compared to the ICA filled only with silver flakes.