gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relative contribution of leukocytes and of spermatozoa to reactive oxygen species production in human sperm suspensions (1999)

The contribution of leukocytes and of spermatozoa to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in prepared sperm suspensions from donors and subfertility patients was compared. In both groups, more leukocytes/10(6) spermatozoa were counted in samples which produced detectable ROS than in those that did not: Donors-645 vs. 170 (medians, n = 7; p < 0.01, Kruskal-Wallis), Subfertile group-1785 (n = 18) vs. 11 (n = 8) (p < 0.005, Kruskal-Wallis), respectively. Leukocyte concentrations were correlated with basal (r = 0.826, p < 0.001) and with ROS production stimulated with 50 mumol N-formyl, met, leu, phe l-1 (N-FMLP) (r = 0.835, p < 0.001) and 100 nmol phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate l-1 (PMA) (r = 0.835, p < 0.001) measured using a chemiluminescence assay. Leukocytes were removed from the sperm suspensions of 6 donors and from 96 ejaculates from 21 subfertility patients and ROS production was determined. Subsequently, in all 6 donors, N-FMLP did not stimulate ROS production indicating that leukocyte removal was complete, though in one case PMA stimulated low levels of ROS production. In 65 ejaculates from subfertile men the N-FMLP response was completely eliminated but in 7 of these samples PMA continued to stimulate ROS production. We conclude that infiltrating leukocytes are the predominant source of ROS production in unpurified sperm preparations. Some purified sperm suspensions could be stimulated to produce ROS by the addition of PMA indicating that spermatozoa themselves may produce ROS, albeit in much smaller amounts.
Deflectometry for measuring mount-induced mirror surface deformations (2017)

Deflectometry has been proven as a high precision and high dynamic range surface metrology technique. We report on the use of deflectometry to diagnose mount-induced optical surface deformations. A surrogate mirror from the OLI-2 earthobserving satellite mission is tested with deflectometry in a non-null configuration using only a CCD camera and an LCD computer monitor. Moments are mechanically induced at each flight-like mirror mount and the deformed surface is measured. Systematic errors in the surface measurements are significantly reduced by maintaining a consistent measurement geometry and evaluating moment-induced deformations differentially. The surface deformation modes from orthogonal moments at each mirror mount are compared to FEA predictions. The agility of this metrology sets the groundwork for in situ measurements of flight aspheric mirror surface deformations during component integration and prior to system testing.
ANCA: A Family of Fluorescent Probes that Bind and Stain Amyloid Plaques in Human Tissue (2011)

A new family of fluorescent markers containing an Amino Naphthalenyl-2-Cyano-Acrylate (ANCA) motif has been synthesized and evaluated for its capability to associate with aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. These fluorescent probes contain a nitrogen donor group that is connected via a naphthalene unit to an electron acceptor motif containing Water Solubilizing Groups (WSG). Chemical modifications were introduced to explore their effect on the capability of the ANCA-based probes to fluorescently label aggregated Aβ peptides. All synthesized probes bind to aggregated Aβ fibrils with low micromolar affinity and fluorescently stain amyloid deposits in human brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer's disease. We found that structural modifications of the WSG site do not affect considerably the binding affinity. However, changes of the nitrogen donor group alter significantly the binding affinity of these probes. Also, increasing the hydrophilicity of the donor group leads to improved contrast between the Aβ deposits and the surrounding tissue in histological staining experiments.
Bupropion Treatment in Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (1998)

This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the antidepressant drug bupropion in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Seventeen male combat veterans with chronic PTSD were treated with bupropion in an open-label fashion for 6 weeks. Patients were evaluated with the Clinical Global Impressions Scale for Improvement (CGI-I) at follow-up and rated blindly at baseline and posttreatment with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety. Three patients discontinued bupropion prematurely because of side effects. Of the remaining 14 patients, 10 were classified as treatment responders by the CGI-I. HAM-D scores decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up. The improvement seen in hyperarousal symptoms was significant but was less significant than the change in depressive symptoms. There was no significant change in Intrusion, Avoidance, or total CAPS scores. It was concluded that bupropion was well tolerated. Patients who had experienced sexual dysfunction with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reported no complaints during bupropion treatment. Bupropion decreased depressive symptoms and most patients reported global improvement, although PTSD symptoms remained mostly unchanged. Controlled trials should further clarify the role of bupropion in the treatment of PTSD.
Enhanced PUMA for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation and Its Performance Analysis (2016)

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is a problem of significance in many applications. In practice, due to the occurrence of coherent signals and/or when the number of available snapshots is small, it is a challenge to find DOAs accurately. This problem is revisited here through a new enhanced principal-singular-vector utilization for modal analysis (EPUMA) DOA estimation approach, which improves the threshold performance by first generating (P+K) DOA candidates for K sources where P ≥ K, and then judiciously selecting K of them. The asymptotic variance of EPUMA is theoretically derived, and numerical results are provided to validate the asymptotic analysis and illustrate the practical merits of EPUMA.
Review of Solar Cooling Technologies in the MENA Region (2018)

The demand for air conditioning and refrigeration has been increasing due to a rise in the global temperature and the burgeoning world population. Conventional electricity-driven vapor compression cycles (VCCs) use refrigerants, which are harmful to the environment, and are responsible for the consumption of huge amounts of electricity leading to high CO2 emissions. Therefore, solar-driven cooling cycles have great potential to address these issues, and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has an abundant supply of solar radiation. In this study, the research carried out within the MENA region on solar cooling technologies is presented. The solar cooling cycles reviewed are the adsorption, absorption, solid desiccant, liquid desiccant, ejector, and solar electric-driven cycles. The interest over time and across countries in each of these cycles is also discussed. This review shows that interest in solar cooling technologies has increased sharply in the MENA region since late 2000s, and there are several issues like subsidized electricity prices hindering their adoption. In addition, this work shows researches where more investigations are needed.
Antioxidant effect of two flavonoids from the bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn in hyperlipidemic rats. (1998)

Two flavonoid compounds, viz. 5,7-dimethyl ether of leucopelargonidin 3-0-alpha-L rhamnoside and 5,3'-dimethyl ether of leucocyanidin 3-0-alpha-D galactosyl cellobioside obtained from the bark of F. bengalensis were evaluated for their antioxidant action in hyperlipidemic rats. The results were compared with the activity of a structurally similar flavonoid, quercetin, a known antioxidant. The Ficus compounds showed significant antioxidant effects which may be attributed to their polyphenolic nature. The methylation of two hydrozyl groups in the Ficus flavonoids might have slowed down their antioxidant action as compared to quercetin.
A New Method for Microdust and Trash Measurement in Bale or Processed Fiber' (1983)

A new, high-speed, automated instrument for measuring foreign matter including microdust and trash in bale or processed fiber is described. The method uses aero- mechanical release and separation and electro-optical sensing for microdust, trash, and lint. Data are provided proving the correlation of an experimental prototype gin monitor's readings with readings of other methods. Example data for both microdust and trash are given for both gin and textile mill cleaning machinery performance.
Effects of Drying Techniques on Milk Powders Quality and Microstructure: A Review (1987)

The quality of milk powders is markedly affected by the composition and properties of the milk, the manufacturing procedures, thermal processing during manufacture and, in particular, the drying technique itself. A variety of physico-chemical analytical methods, including scanning electron microscopy, has been used to obtain information on the effects of the various factors on the microstructure of the milk powders. Roller-drying, which has recently lost its commercial importance, produces a sheet of dried milk that is powdered in a hammer mill. The resulting powder consists of compact particles with sharp edges. Powders obtained by spray-drying are in the form of more or less regular globules which may have their surface convoluted to a varying extent. Inside, the particles are porous. Lactose present in the particles is in an amorphous glass form. In instant milk powders, the powder particles are agglomerated and lactose is partly converted into microcrystalline form.
Findings of the Second Shared Task on Multimodal Machine Translation and Multilingual Image Description (2017)

We present the results from the second shared task on multimodal machine translation and multilingual image description. Nine teams submitted 19 systems to two tasks. The multimodal translation task, in which the source sentence is supplemented by an image, was extended with a new language (French) and two new test sets. The multilingual image description task was changed such that at test time, only the image is given. Compared to last year, multimodal systems improved, but text-only systems remain competitive.
Synthesis of Pyridine, Pyrimidine and Pyridinone <i>C</i> -Nucleoside Phosphoramidites for Probing Cytosine Function in RNA (2009)

In the structures of the HDV ribozyme a cytosine nucleobase resides at the active site poised to participate directly in catalysis. Defining the functional role of the nucleobase requires nucleoside analogues that perturb the functional groups in a strategic manner. Herein, we have developed efficient methods for the synthesis of five C-nucleoside phosphoramidite derivatives that, when used in combination, provide strategies for probing the potential functional role of cytosine's keto group and imino nitrogen. Phosphoramidites 15a and 15b were synthesized in 11 steps starting from 2-amino-5-bromopyrimidine (1a) and 2-amino-5-bromopyridine (1b), respectively, with overall yields of 10.8% and 6.6%, respectively. Phosphoramidite 21 was prepared from intermediate 11b in seven steps with an overall yield of 33.7%. Phosphoramidites 23 and 25 were prepared from 2,4-diamino-5-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-1,3-pyrimidine (22) and pseudoisocytidine (24), respectively, with an overall yield of 15.9% (six steps) and 37.9% (four steps), respectively. These phosphoramidites were incorporated into oligonucleotides by solid-phase synthesis.
Role of Importin-β in Coupling Ran to Downstream Targets in Microtubule Assembly (2001)

The guanosine triphosphatase Ran stimulates assembly of microtubule asters and spindles in mitotic Xenopus egg extracts. A carboxyl-terminal region of the nuclear-mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA), a nuclear protein required for organizing mitotic spindle poles, mimics Ran's ability to induce asters. This NuMA fragment also specifically interacted with the nuclear transport factor, importin-beta. We show that importin-beta is an inhibitor of microtubule aster assembly in Xenopus egg extracts and that Ran regulates the interaction between importin-beta and NuMA. Importin-beta therefore links NuMA to regulation by Ran. This suggests that similar mechanisms regulate nuclear import during interphase and spindle assembly during mitosis.
Iridium-Mediated Regioselective B–H/C–H Activation of Carborane Cage: A Facile Synthetic Route to Metallacycles with a Carborane Backbone (2014)

One-pot reactions of carborane carboxylic acids (L), [Cp*IrCl2]2, and silver salt are reported, which lead to regioselective B-H or C-H bond activation at ambient temperature in good yields. This process is demonstrated for three carborane (o-, m-, p-) dicarboxylates, and metal-mediated B-H functionalization of a p-carborane derivative is accomplished for the first time. Two metal-induced self-assembly routes to tetra-nuclear metallacycles 3 and 5 were performed through B(4, 7)/H and B(2, 10)/H activation, respectively, and the two metallacycles were found to be stable and to exist in solution as discrete complexes. Different activation modes in the carborane cage were ascribed to the characteristic structure of the products and the electronic density differences. The analogous reaction of o-carborane monocarboxylate with the same metal precursor gave the C-H activation complex 6, indicating that the B-H bond is more stable than the C-H bond in this carborane cage. The selective activation was confirmed by DFT calculation results. In this study, a facile and efficient synthetic route has been developed through specific B-H bond activation to construct carborane-based metallacycles that are unavailable by conventional methods.
A Cache-Based Data Movement Infrastructure for On-demand Scientific Cloud Computing (2019)

As cloud computing has become the de facto standard for big data processing, there is interest in using a multi-cloud environment that combines public cloud resources with private on-premise infrastructure. However, by decentralizing the infrastructure, a uniform storage solution is required to provide data movement between different clouds to assist on-demand computing. This paper presents a solution based on our earlier work, the MeDiCI (Metropolitan Data Caching Infrastructure) architecture. Specially, we extend MeDiCI to simplify the movement of data between different clouds and a centralized storage site. It uses a hierarchical caching system and supports most popular infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) interfaces, including Amazon AWS and OpenStack. As a result, our system allows the existing parallel data intensive application to be offloaded into IaaS clouds directly. The solution is illustrated using a large bioinformatics application, a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS), with Amazons AWS, HUAWEI Cloud, and a private centralized storage system. The system is evaluated on Amazon AWS and the Australian national cloud.
A new remote USB architecture for live migration of virtual machines in SoD (System on-Demand) service (2010)

In this paper, we propose a new remote USB architecture to support live migration of virtual machines in SoD (System on-Demand) service. The SoD (System on-Demand) service is the service that provides virtual personal computers which are optimized virtual machines using distributed u-computing devices around users when the users demand. The virtual USB technology for virtual machines is a kind of I/O virtualization to make users of virtual machines use remote USB devices as local USB devices. In a SoD system, a virtual machine can migrate among some SoD servers even when users use virtual machines due to resource reallocation mechanism of the system. In case of the live migration of the virtual machine, the connection of remote USB to the virtual machine will be broken, which means the break of I/O virtualization. For the seamless I/O virtualization of remote USB in spite of live migration of virtual machines, we propose a new remote USB architecture by adopt the virtual connection manager which sustains the virtual connection among the virtual machine and remote USB devices. With the proposed remote USB architecture, users of the virtual machine use remote USB devices seamlessly without noticing live migration of virtual machines.
Context-aware data discovery (2012)

This paper discusses context-aware data browsing and data retrieval for mobile subscribers. We describe existing models as well as provide a new description for our SpotEx approach. Our model for context-aware data discovery uses mobile phones as proximity sensors. In our concept, any existing or even specially created wireless network node could be used as a presence sensor that can open (discover) access to some dynamic or user-generated content. The content itself could also be linked to social media. An appropriate mobile service (context-aware browser) can present that information to mobile subscribers. Potential use-cases for the proposed approach include any project associated with hyper-local news data. For example, projects providing Smart City data, delivering indoor retail information, etc.
The computer-based medical record: current status. (1992)

At the turn of the century, neither hospitals nor physicians routinely kept clinical records. Since then, the medical record has gradually evolved. More recently, as society and medicine have become more complex and sophisticated, inadequacies of the paper medical record have become increasingly apparent. The computer-based medical record addresses many of the deficiencies of the paper record. Meanwhile, barriers to computer-based records have decreased; hardware has become more affordable, powerful, and compact, and software has been refined. Socially, the major payers for health care are demanding verification of the effectiveness and quality of care, information that involves data-intensive research. The electronic medical record promises to improve quality of care by providing point-of-care reminder and decision support tools as well as a database for substantiating the effectiveness of care. In conjunction with the growing integration of computers into all facets of life, government agencies, computer giants, and medical organizations are currently laying the groundwork for the development of standardized elements and formats for computer-based medical information systems. As part of the continuing evolution of the medical record, we foresee these forces culminating in the computerization of the clinical record. In this review, we briefly describe the developments that led us to this conclusion and describe computer-based clinical record systems in use in two family practice settings.
Nanocomposites Produced by Growth of Hydroxyapatite onto Silica Particles Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method (1996)

The growth of hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate, on silica particles prepared by the sol-gel method is reported. The size of the silica sols was controlled by changing the pH of water before the mixing with the alcoxide. Particle size profiles of sols were obtained by using dynamical light scattering. The characterisation of the composites, of nanometer sizes, was performed by employing X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
<scp>RNA</scp> toxicity induced by expanded <scp>CAG</scp> repeats in <scp>H</scp>untington's disease (2016)

Huntington's disease (HD) belongs to the group of inherited polyglutamine (PolyQ) diseases caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the coding region of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene that results in an elongated polyQ stretch. Abnormal function and aggregation of the mutant protein has been typically delineated as the main molecular cause underlying disease development. However, the most recent advances have revealed novel pathogenic pathways directly dependent on an RNA toxic gain-of-function. Expanded CAG repeats within exon 1 of the HTT mRNA induce toxicity through mechanisms involving, at least in part, gene expression perturbations. This has important implications not only for basic and translational research in HD, but also for other types of diseases carrying the expanded CAG in other genes, which likely share pathogenic aspects. Here I will review the evidence and mechanisms underlying RNA toxicity in CAG repeat expansions, with particular focus on HD. These comprise abnormal subcellular localization of the transcripts containing the expanded CAG repeats; sequestration of several types of proteins by the expanded CAG repeat which results in defects of alternative splicing events and gene expression; and aberrant biogenesis and detrimental activity of small CAG repeated RNAs (sCAG) that produce altered gene silencing. Although these altered pathways have been detected in HD models, their contribution to disease development and progress requires further study.
Root‐selective expression of <i>AtCAX4</i> and <i>AtCAX2</i> results in reduced lamina cadmium in field‐grown <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L. (2009)

To assess the impact of enhanced root vacuole cadmium (Cd) sequestration on leaf Cd accumulation under a low Cd dose, as generally occurs in agriculture, leaf Cd accumulation was examined in field-grown tobacco plants expressing genes encoding the high-capacity-Cd, tonoplast-localized, divalent cation/H antiporters AtCAX4 and AtCAX2 (AtCAX, Arabidopsis cation exchanger). It has been shown previously that root tonoplast vesicles isolated from plants expressing these genes, directed by root-selective promoters, show enhanced Cd transport activity, and young plants show enhanced root Cd accumulation when grown in solution culture containing 0.02 microM Cd, a moderate Cd dose. In this article, we present results which show that the lower leaves of mature plants expressing AtCAX2 or AtCAX4, under the control of two different root-selective promoters, accumulate 15%-25% less lamina Cd than control plants when grown in the field (3 years, three different collection methods). Reciprocal grafting experiments of AtCAX2 shoots onto control roots (and vice versa), grown in solution culture with 0.005 microM Cd, indicated that the root controls Cd translocation and accumulation in the shoot in control and AtCAX2 and AtCAX4 tobacco plants exposed to low Cd concentration. The results are consistent with a model in which supplementation of Cd/H antiporter activity in root cell tonoplasts enhances root Cd sequestration, resulting in decreased translocation of Cd to the shoot of field-grown plants. These results suggest that human Cd intake from food and tobacco use could be reduced via the enhancement of root vacuolar sequestration of this pollutant.
Impact of the bethesda system (1995)

The Bethesda System has improved the quality of Pap smear diagnosis in the United States, but the number of women with abnormal Pap smear results has increased. Although this increase is partly due to the terminology of the Bethesda System, other factors play a role. Whether this has improved cancer prevention is unknown.