gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of argon ion bombardment in sputtered AlN films for SAW devices (2003)

In this work we present a study of the effect of particle bombardment on the orientation and residual stress of AlN polycrystalline thin films obtained by planar RF sputtering. AlN films were deposited on silicon [100] substrates by sputtering an aluminum target in Ar and N/sub 2/ mixtures. The main deposition parameters were changed as follows: pressure (4-11 mTorr), N/sub 2/ content (20-80%), RF voltage (700-1900 V), and negative substrate bias (10-30 V). We observed that by controlling the substrate bias we were able to modify the preferred orientation of the films for a wide range of variation of the other process parameters. If a sufficiently high substrate bias was applied, (00.2)-oriented films were obtained for the full range of pressure, target voltage and N/sub 2/ content. This feature provided us with a large flexibility to optimize other essential parameters such as residual stress, independently of the intended preferred orientation. Films with stress values from -3 to +1 GPa have been obtained for different deposition conditions. Our results suggest that the energy of the argon ions colliding with the substrate during deposition is a key parameter to control the preferred orientation of the films, whereas the ion incidence angle is the main factor determining the amount of residual stress.
Voting class --- an approach to achieving high availability for replicated data (1990)

In a distributed system, data are often replicated to increase the availability in the face of node and communication failures. However, updates to replicated data must be properly controlled to avoid data inconsistency. This can adversely affect the availability. In this paper, we propose an approach to the design of replica control schemes which can provide higher availability than currently existing voting schemes. The approach is based on the observation that the existing voting schemes actually belong to a general class, called voting class. This class of voting schemes can be represented in a very simple and uniform way. Thus a designer can choose the optimal scheme within the voting class by evaluating each of them and choose the one which maximizes the availability.
Precision Micro-Cleaving of 1.55 /spl mu/m Laser Diode Platelets for Integration with Dielectric Waveguides on Silicon Integrated Circuit Wafers (2006)

A precision micro-cleaving technique has been developed to produce cleavedfacet 1.55 0m edge-emitting ridge laser diode platelets 5 0m thick with a cleaved length of 300 0m ± 2 0m. The alignment and integration of these platelets with dielectric waveguides formed on silicon integrated circuit wafers will also be described.
Mn-Doped Zinc Aluminate Nanoparticles: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoluminescence Properties (2006)

A two-step synthesis method was developed to fabricate Mn-doped zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) nanoparticles, including the first step of ageing, and the second step of crystallization. The effects of preparation conditions, such as ageing temperature, crystallization time, and the pH on the Mn-doped ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles were systematically investigated. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of green phosphor Mn-doped ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles were also discussed. Compared with the bulk sample, the PL spectrum of Mn-doped ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles has distinct blue shift. This procedure provides a facile way for the synthesis of well-crystallized ZnAl2O4:Mn at low temperature.
Microsecond timescale backbone conformational dynamics in ubiquitin studied with NMR <i>R</i><sub>1ρ</sub> relaxation experiments (2005)

NMR spin relaxation experiments are used to characterize the dynamics of the backbone of ubiquitin. Chemical exchange processes affecting residues Ile 23, Asn 25, Thr 55, and Val 70 are characterized using on- and off-resonance rotating-frame 15N R1rho relaxation experiments to have a kinetic exchange rate constant of 25,000 sec(-1) at 280 K. The exchange process affecting residues 23, 25, and 55 appears to result from disruption of N-cap hydrogen bonds of the alpha-helix and possibly from repacking of the side chain of Ile 23. Chemical exchange processes affecting other residues on the surface of ubiquitin are identified using 1H-15N multiple quantum relaxation experiments. These residues are located near or at the regions known to interact with various enzymes of the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway.
Real-time correction of closed-captions (2007)

Live closed-captions for deaf and hard of hearing audiences are currently produced by stenographers, or by voice writers using speech recognition. Both techniques can produce captions with errors. We are currently developing a correction module that allows a user to intercept the real-time caption stream and correct it before it is broadcast. We report results of preliminary experiments on correction rate and actual user performance using a prototype correction module connected to the output of a speech recognition captioning system.
Transcutaneous Optical Telemetry System With Infrared Laser Diode (1998)

A transcutaneous telemetry system is indispensable when monitoring and controlling the operation of an artificial heart totally implanted inside the body. A telemetry system using light is more useful than radio waves from the viewpoint of electromagnetic interference and power consumption. In this report, a transcutaneous optical coupler consisting of an infrared laser diode (LD) and a PIN photodiode (PINPD) was evaluated, and the transcutaneous optical coupling and information transmission characteristics were evaluated in in vitro experiments. The wavelength and directional angle of the LD used were 830 nm and 9.5 degrees, respectively. With regard to the directional angle of PINPD, the authors found that a PINPD with a larger directional angle allowed for more deviation between the axes optical axes of the LD and the PINPD. It was also found that the transcutaneous coupler had an optimum distance for the permissible deviation to be maximized. The information signals modulated by the phase shift keying (PSK) were transmitted at a rate of 9,600 bps through goat skin 4 mm thick, and demodulated by the phase locked loop (PLL) on the receiving side. As a result, the information signals were demodulated without any errors in deviation within 10.5 mm at a distance of 11 mm. In conclusion, the transcutaneous optical telemetry system using an infrared LD has sufficient characteristics to monitor and control the operation of an artificial heart totally implanted inside the body.
Physiologic Effects and Serum Lidocaine Concentrations after Inhalation of Lidocaine from a Compressed Gas-Powered Jet Nebulizer (1987)

The physiologic effects, efficacy, and serum lidocaine concentrations were determined in 10 normal volunteers who inhaled nebulized lidocaine from a compressed gas-powered jet nebulizer. Physiologic variables and serial venous serum lidocaine concentrations were measured during and after lidocaine inhalation. All 10 subjects experienced loss of the gag reflex, which returned to normal at 32 +/- 5.9 min (mean +/- 1 SD), with a range of 20 to 40 min. There were no significant changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressures or heart rates. There were no significant changes from baseline in any of the measured spirometric variables (FVC, FEV1, peak expiratory flow rate, peak inspiratory flow rate). The peak mean serum lidocaine concentration measured at 20 min after beginning lidocaine inhalation was 0.52 microgram/ml, and the highest single value measured was 1.05 micrograms/ml. We conclude that inhalation of lidocaine from a compressed gas-powered jet nebulizer can produce safe and effective oropharyngeal anesthesia with minimal drug absorption.
Microfluidic system with integrated electroosmotic pumps, concentration gradient generator and fish cell line (RTgill-W1)—towards water toxicity testing (2009)

This study presents a microfluidic system that incorporates electroosmotic pumps, a concentration gradient generator and a fish cell line (rainbow trout gill) to perform toxicity testing on fish cells seeded in the system. The system consists of three mechanical components: (1) a toxicity testing chip containing a microfluidic gradient generator which creates a linear concentration distribution of toxicant in a cell test chamber, (2) an electroosmotic (EO) pump chip that controls the flow rate and operation of the toxicity chip, and (3) indirect reservoirs that connect the two chips allowing for the toxicant solution to be pumped separately from the electroosmotic pump solution. The flow rate and stability of the EO pumps was measured and tested by monitoring the gradient generator using fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, a lethality test was performed with this system setup using a rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1) as the test cells and sodium dodecyl sulfate as a model toxicant. A gradient of sodium dodecyl sulfate, from 0 to 50 microg mL(-1), was applied for 1 hr to the attached cells, and the results were quantified using a Live/Dead cell assay. This work is a preliminary study on the application of EO pumps in a living cell assay, with the potential to use the pumps in portable water quality testing devices with RTgill-W1 cells as the biosensors.
Intelligent Mirror: Detecting Skin Cancer (Melanoma) using Convolutional Neural Network with Augmented Reality Feedback (2016)

Human: Is that mole developing on the face leads to some risk towards the skin? Mirror: Yes.
Properties and Infrared Spectra of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Complexes. III. Chelates of Higher Valent Ions (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties and Infrared Spectra of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Complexes. III. Chelates of Higher Valent IonsDonald T. Sawyer and Jean M. McKinnieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 16, 4191–4196Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01501a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01501a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interaction of bleomycin with DNA. (1978)

The sequence of oligonucleotides produced by the action of bleomycin and ferrous ion on double- and single-stranded DNA has been determined. In the presence of ferrous ion, bleomycin promotes cleavage at G-T and G-C sequences, while high concentrations of ferrous ion alone result in strand scission that is not base specific. In the presence of bleomycin and ferrous ion, pyrimidine bases located to the 3' side of guanosine are released preferentially and a low molecular weight product that forms a chromophore with thiobarbituric acid is produced from the deoxyribose moiety. Oligonucleotides produced by the action of bleomycin differ slightly in electrophoretic mobility from those produced by chemical or enzymatic cleavage. A model is proposed to explain the interactions of bleomycin with DNA.
Expressed sequence tag analysis of human RPE/choroid for the NEIBank Project: over 6000 non-redundant transcripts, novel genes and splice variants. (2002)

The unamplified cs library gives a view of the transcriptional repertoire of the adult RPE/choroid. A large number of potentially novel genes and splice forms and candidates for genetic diseases are revealed. Clones from this collection are being included in a large, nonredundant set for cDNA microarray construction.
Review self‐assembly of amphipathic β‐sheet peptides: Insights and applications (2012)

Amphipathic peptides composed of alternating polar and nonpolar residues have a strong tendency to self-assemble into one-dimensional, amyloid-like fibril structures. Fibrils derived from peptides of general (XZXZ)(n) sequence in which X is hydrophobic and Z is hydrophilic adopt a putative β-sheet bilayer. The bilayer configuration allows burial of the hydrophobic X side chain groups in the core of the fibril and leaves the polar Z side chains exposed to solvent. This architectural arrangement provides fibrils that maintain high solubility in water and has facilitated the recent exploitation of self-assembled amphipathic peptide fibrils as functional biomaterials. This article is a critical review of the development and application of self-assembling amphipathic peptides with a focus on the fundamental insight these types of peptides provide into peptide self-assembly phenomena.
Double fitting of Maker fringes to characterize near-surface and bulk second-order nonlinearities in poled silica (2000)

An experimental analysis of the distribution and thickness of the bulk nonlinearity induced in poled silica is reported. The second-order susceptibility decreases exponentially from the anodic interface. Maker fringe patterns showing a double structure are interpreted in relation to the presence of two nonlinear profiles, one concentrated near the anodic surface and another extending into the bulk of the sample. The Maker fringe theory is properly generalized and a double fitting technique reproducing well the experimental results is used to characterize the induced nonlinearities. The dependence of the second-harmonic signal on the poling temperature is given, which is different from that of sol-gel silica.
Cathepsin S Causes Inflammatory Pain via Biased Agonism of PAR2 and TRPV4 (2014)

Serine proteases such as trypsin and mast cell tryptase cleave protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) at R(36)↓S(37) and reveal a tethered ligand that excites nociceptors, causing neurogenic inflammation and pain. Whether proteases that cleave PAR2 at distinct sites are biased agonists that also induce inflammation and pain is unexplored. Cathepsin S (Cat-S) is a lysosomal cysteine protease of antigen-presenting cells that is secreted during inflammation and which retains activity at extracellular pH. We observed that Cat-S cleaved PAR2 at E(56)↓T(57), which removed the canonical tethered ligand and prevented trypsin activation. In HEK and KNRK cell lines and in nociceptive neurons of mouse dorsal root ganglia, Cat-S and a decapeptide mimicking the Cat-S-revealed tethered ligand-stimulated PAR2 coupling to Gαs and formation of cAMP. In contrast to trypsin, Cat-S did not mobilize intracellular Ca(2+), activate ERK1/2, recruit β-arrestins, or induce PAR2 endocytosis. Cat-S caused PAR2-dependent activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) in Xenopus laevis oocytes, HEK cells and nociceptive neurons, and stimulated neuronal hyperexcitability by adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A-dependent mechanisms. Intraplantar injection of Cat-S caused inflammation and hyperalgesia in mice that was attenuated by PAR2 or TRPV4 deletion and adenylyl cyclase inhibition. Cat-S and PAR2 antagonists suppressed formalin-induced inflammation and pain, which implicates endogenous Cat-S and PAR2 in inflammatory pain. Our results identify Cat-S as a biased agonist of PAR2 that causes PAR2- and TRPV4-dependent inflammation and pain. They expand the role of PAR2 as a mediator of protease-driven inflammatory pain.
Longitudinal investigation of natural killer cells and cytokines in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (2012)

These results confirm decreases in immune function in CFS/ME patients, suggesting an increased susceptibility to viral and other infections. Furthermore, NK cytotoxic activity may be a suitable biomarker for diagnosing CFS/ME as it was consistently decreased during the course of the 12 months study.
Extremely low-profile, wideband spiral antenna with absorbing material (2009)

The radiation efficiency for an Archimedean spiral (ARCS) antenna backed by a cavity is investigated, together with other antenna characteristics, where the antenna ehight is chosen to be extremely small (0.07 wavelength at the lowest analysis frequency of 3GHz) in order to realize an extremely low-profile antenna. Deterioration in the axial ration and input impedance due to the close proximity of the cavity is ameliorated by applying a very thin ring-shaped absorber (0.07 wavelength thickness) to the cavity wall. THe radiation efficiency increases with frequency and reaches approximately 100% at the highest analysis frequency of 10 GHz. It is also observed that the radiation efficiency at low frequencies increases as the maximum radius of the ARCS (r maxSP ) is increased; a radiation efficiency of 38% for r maxSP = 34 mm at 3 GHz increases to 55% for r maxSP = 66 mm.
Clinical analysis of 30 cases of cardiac rupture in patients with acute myocardial infarction (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To analyse the characteristics, early diagnosis, and the suitable therapy of cardiac rupture (CR) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). <h3>Methods</h3> 1526 consecutive cases of AMI from March 2002 to March 2010 were selected. Combining coronary angiography, 30 cases occurred CR that confirmed by echocardiogram or pericardiocentesis were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> (1) Patients with CR were older than those without CR. The incidence of CR in female were significantly higher than that in male. (2) Patients who accompanied with hypertension, diabetic mellitus, abnormal renal function were more likely to occur CR. (3) The incidence of CR in anterior infarction group was significantly higher than that in inferior infarction group and non-ST elevated infarction group. (4) Patients who accompanied with enlarged LVEDD, EF less than 50% and LAD lesion especial LAD ostium also LAD accompanied three vessel lesion were more likely to occur CR. (5) Patients with successful reperfusion were significantly less likely to occur CR. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The prognosis of CR after AMI were poor. Patients who were female, older and who were with anterior infarction or severe LAD lesion, delayed reperfusion were more likely to occur. Bedside UCG is useful for early diagnosis and successful reperfusion could reduce the incidence of CR. Surgical therapy can improve the survival rate of CR parients.
Employee Participation: Diverse Forms and Different Outcomes (1988)

Participation in decision making (PDM) takes several distinct forms. A review of empirical studies demonstrates that effects of participation on satisfaction and performance vary according to form. The findings cast doubt on the conclusions of earlier reviews based on a unidimensional view of PDM and raise several issues for the study and practice of PDM.
Model for the ultrasound reflection from micro-beads and cells distributed in layers on a uniform surface (2007)

A model predicting the reflection of ultrasound from multiple layers of small scattering spheres is developed. Predictions of the reflection coefficient, which takes into account the interferences between the different sphere layers, are compared to measurements performed in the 10-80 MHz and 15-35 MHz frequency range with layers of glass beads and spherical acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, respectively. For both types of scatterers, the reflection coefficient increases as a function of their density on the surface for less than three superimposed layers, at which point it saturates at 0.38 for glass beads and 0.02 for AML cells. Above three layers, oscillations of the reflection coefficient due to constructive or destructive interference between layers are observed experimentally and are accurately predicted by the model. The use of such a model could lead to a better understanding of the structures observed in layered tissue images.
A mutation in either dsbA or dsbB, a gene encoding a component of a periplasmic disulfide bond-catalyzing system, is required for high-level expression of the Bacteroides fragilis metallo-beta-lactamase, CcrA, in Escherichia coli (1995)

The metallo-beta-lactamase gene, ccrA, from Bacteroides fragilis is functionally expressed in Escherichia coli only in the presence of a genomic mutation in iarA or iarB (increased ampicillin resistance), identified in this study as dsbA or dsbB, respectively. DsbA and DsbB are components of a periplasmic protein disulfide bond-catalyzing system. Data indicated that DsbA interacted with CcrA, creating aberrant disulfide bond linkages that render CcrA proteolytically unstable. Mutations in dsbA or dsbB permissive for CcrA expression eliminated or greatly reduced DsbA activity, allowing CcrA to assume a disulfide bond-free and proteolytically stable conformation.
A new impulse detector for switching median filters (2002)

A new impulse noise detection technique for switching median filters is presented, which is based on the minimum absolute value of four convolutions obtained using one-dimensional Laplacian operators. Extensive simulations show that the proposed filter provides better performance than many of the existing switching median filters with comparable computational complexity. In particular, the proposed filter is directed toward improved line preservation.
Mobile operator's IT middleware infrastructure (2004)

The beauty lies in layers. Grouping similar functionalities into layers has proven to be one of the most reused patterns in the whole information technology domain, and wider. Not only software, but also whole company's information technology infrastructure is often built with layered design applied. We emphasize a few of the most important IT middleware subsystems and illustrate why layered design and transparently defined interfaces between layers, are crucial for success in a telecommunication company faced with a constant need to adjust to dynamic and unpredictable market requests. Mobile operators around the world are becoming aware of the importance and the necessity of well-designed middleware systems and interfaces that should make the foundation for both present and the vast number of new services that will yet be thought of as the new, third generation mobile networks emerges.
Mood Disorders, Circadian Rhythms, Melatonin and Melatonin Agonists (2012)

Recent advances in the understanding of circadian rhythms have led to an interest in the treatment of major depressive disorder with chronobiotic agents. Many tissues have autonomous circadian rhythms, which are orchestrated by the master clock, situated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SNC). Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine) is secreted from the pineal gland during darkness. Melatonin acts mainly on MT1 and MT2 receptors, which are present in the SNC, regulating physiological and neuroendocrine functions, including circadian entrainment, referred to as the chronobiotic effet. Circadian rhythms has been shown to be either misaligned or phase shifted or decreased in amplitude in both acute episodes and relapse of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. Manipulation of circadian rhythms either using physical treatments (such as high intensity light) or behavioral therapy has shown promise in improving symptoms. Pharmacotherapy using melatonin and pure melatonin receptor agonists, while improving sleep, has not been shown to improve symptoms of depression. A novel antidepressant, agomelatine, combines 5HT2c antagonist and melatonin agonist action, and has shown promise in both acute treatment of MDD and in preventing relapse.