gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of toxoplasma abortion in ewes by polymerase chain reaction (1998)

Eighteen oestrus-synchronised ewes were infected experimentally with 1500 sporulated oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii between 80 and 90 days of gestation. The infection induced pyrexia and specific antibody in all the ewes. One ewe resorbed its fetus, five ewes aborted and 12 delivered live, congenitally-infected lambs whose pre-colostral serum was antibody-positive. Tissues from the aborted fetuses and placentae from the live lambs were examined for toxoplasma infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the B1 gene and by mouse inoculation. Using a simple protocol of tissue preparation without DNA extraction and a nested format, PCR was as sensitive as mouse inoculation. Placental cotyledon gave a higher sensitivity of detection than brain, lung or liver, and 16 of 19 placentae were positive by PCR compared with 13 of 18 by mouse inoculation. In mock-infected tissues, as few as 10 tachyzoites could be detected. The PCR could be applied to tissues unfit for mouse inoculation.
Layer Inversion of Ni(Pt)Si on Mixed Phase Si Films (2002)

The formation of Ni silicides has been improved with NiPt-silicidation on the mixed phase Si films which were grown using the rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition technique. The NiPtSi was stabilized up to 800C and layer inversion was retarded beyond 600C. The enhanced stability of NiPtSi is attributed to the change in Gibbs free energy. The reduced layer inversion is due to the modification of the Si microstructure that has played an important role in the layer inversion. The enlarged poly-Si grains from the mixed phase films are due to the silicide enhanced mediated crystallization using NiSi 2 precipitates as seeds besides the preexisting Si crystallites.
Iron acquisition by Neisseria meningitidis in vitro (1980)

Assays employing iron-limited solid and liquid, defined and complex media were devised to test the iron requirements of Neisseria meningitidis. A variety of tests yielded no evidence for the secretion of a soluble iron-binding substance (siderophore) by the meningococci. The meningococci were unable to use iron bound to some common hydroxamate- and catechol-type siderophores or even compete with them for iron in the growth medium. A total of 20 strains of meningococci, differing widely in their virulence for mice, were similar in ability to acquire iron from a variety of iron-containing substances; the iron in such compounds as hog gastric mucin, citrate, hemoglobin, and myoglobin was easily acquired, whereas the iron in compounds such as ferrioxamine B, ferrichrome,ferritin, Imferon, cytochrome c, FePO4, and [Fe(OH)3]n was not readily available. No correlation was noted between the ability of particular strains to obtain iron from compounds and virulence in mice. Iron complexed or chelated with a number of metabolic organic acids, polyphosphates, and several synthetic polycarboxylic acids was readily available to all strains, even though some of the compounds used had high effective binding constants for iron and all were in 3- or 10-fold molar excess over the iron present. The addition of some of these iron-complexing substances (e.g., citrate and pyrophosphate) in iron-free form made many biologically important iron compounds that are normally inaccessible to the meningococci readily available.
An Efficient Carrier Phase Synchronization Technique for High-Order M-QAM–OFDM (2008)

In this correspondence, we propose a blind carrier phase synchronization algorithm for high-order M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (M-QAM-OFDM) systems, which can effectively recover residual frequency offset (RFO) in the presence of intercarrier interference (ICI). The proposed algorithm performs frequency and phase synchronization by using post-fast Fourier transform (FFT) demodulated signals without the aid of reference signals (e.g., pilots, guard intervals, and virtual carriers), and is simple to implement. By analyzing its open-loop characteristics, we show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the conventional decision-directed (DD) scheme for high-order M-QAM-OFDM systems.
Stable Supervisory-Adaptive Controller for Spinning Satellite using Only Magnetorquers (2009)

In this paper, an adaptive controller for spinning satellites has been designed to achieve high attitude accuracy. In the cases which magnetorquers are used as actuators, the generated torque is perpendicular to the Earth's magnetic field, so a satellite is not completely controllable. In addition, the maximum value of achievable torque is limited due to capacity of magnetorquers. Hence, implementation of adaptive control law causes attitude error in system and also decreases the speed of response. To overcome these problems, a supervisory-adaptive controller has been designed. In this regard, sliding control has been used as a supervisory controller to correct the control signal applicable to magnetorquers. As a result of this method, stability of the system has been proved, output error has been decreased, and speed of response has been increased.
Stress mapping in strain-engineered silicon p-type MOSFET device: A comparison between process simulation and experiments (2012)

Strain engineering is the main technological booster used by semiconductor companies for the 65 and 45 nm technology nodes to improve the transistor channel mobility and the electrical performance of logic devices. For 32 and 22 nm nodes, intense research work focuses on the integration and optimization of these different techniques by accumulating the effects of different stressors. Estimating the level and the distribution of the stress field generated in the channel by the fabrication process is a complex issue. The process simulation has a key role to play in order to face the many challenges associated with the stress engineering approach in terms of scalability, yield, and design. The objective of this paper is first to evaluate the stress distribution generated by the two most usual processing steps: contact etch stop liner and embedded SiGe stressors. Next, the final stress field in nanoscale device resulting of these intentional stress sources are evaluated. Process simulation has been able to quantify the global trend observed in relatively close correlation with several experimental studies.
Preliminary results of a raster scanning beam delivery system (2003)

A beam delivery system using a raster scanning technique has been developed to create large radiation fields with light ion beams for radiation treatment of cancer patients. Radiation fields up to 20 cm by 30 cm have been produced with a beam of Ne ions having a magnetic rigidity of 6.9 T-m. The radiation fields produced by this method appear to be less sensitive to beam position and beam shape than the wobbler dynamic beam delivery system, but require more stringent beam spill requirements to insure uniform radiation fields.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Insurance: From Underwriting to Derivatives: Asset Liability Management in Insurance Companies (2001)

Preface. The Basics of Property-Casualty Insurance. Securitizing Insurance Risks. Life Insurance in the United States: History of a Crisis. ALM in Insurance: An Empirical Wander Around Europe. Life Insurance Pricing and the Measurement of the Duration of Liabilities. A Functional Approach to the Insurance Industry. Conclusion and Future Challenges. Appendix: The ALM Survival Toolkit. Index.
Studies on recovery and variation of pancreatic juice obtained by endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct in man. (1981)

Recovery of pancreatic juice was studied by endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct, using a double-lumen catheter and infusion of a marker solution (57Co-labeled vitamin B12) into the pancreatic duct. Juice was collected by siphonage. Tracer amounts of 91Cr were infused into the duodenum through a separate catheter attached to the outside of the duodenoscope to determine contamination of duodenal juice. The recovery of the infused marker into the pancreatic duct was poor during the first 15 min of the study, probably because the volume infused merely filled the pancreatic ducts. After this initial period the recovery was slightly less than or exceeded the amount of marker infused per 5-min period. The overall recovery of infused marker was 84% (range 78%--96%). It is concluded that only small amounts of pancreatic juice will leak through the papilla of Vater during endoscopic cannulation under the conditions of this study. The variations in flow rate and concentrations of bicarbonate, amylase, and protein from time to time were studied. Unstimulated and bile-induced flow rate and protein secretion varied considerably within and between subjects. Less marked were the variations of concentrations of bicarbonate and amylase. It is suggested that the large variation may be physiological.
Oxygen plasma treatment of gate metal in organic thin-film transistors (2006)

Oxygen plasma treatment of metal gate surface is introduced as an effective method for improving the performance of the organic thin-film transistors with polymer dielectrics. The treatment results in about an order of magnitude increase in the on-off current ratio, bringing the ratio to the level of 106, and enabling a reduction in the threshold voltage. The treatment leads to the formation of an ultrathin metal oxide layer (&lt;4.0nm) and a more wettable gate surface for subsequent polymer coating, both of which contribute to the enhancement in the device performance.
Competitive interactions in <i>Escherichia coli</i> populations: the role of bacteriocins (2010)

Explaining the coexistence of competing species is a major challenge in community ecology. In bacterial systems, competition is often driven by the production of bacteriocins, which are narrow-spectrum proteinaceous toxins that serve to kill closely related species, providing the producer better access to limited resources. Bacteriocin producers have been shown to competitively exclude sensitive, nonproducing strains. However, the dynamics between bacteriocin producers, each lethal to its competitor, are largely unknown. In this study, we used in vitro, in vivo and in silico models to study competitive interactions between bacteriocin producers. Two Escherichia coli strains were generated, each carrying a DNA-degrading bacteriocin (colicins E2 and E7). Using reporter-gene assays, we showed that each DNase bacteriocin is not only lethal to its opponent but, at lower doses, can also induce the expression of its opponent's toxin. In a well-mixed habitat, the E2 producer outcompeted its adversary; however, in structured environments (on plates or in mice colons), the two producers coexisted in a spatially 'frozen' pattern. Coexistence occurred when the producers were initiated with a clumped spatial distribution. This suggests that a 'clump' of each producer can block invasion of the other producer. Agent-based simulation of bacteriocin-mediated competition further showed that mutual exclusion in a structured environment is a relatively robust result. These models imply that colicin-mediated colicin induction enables producers to successfully compete and defend their niche against invaders. This suggests that localized interactions between producers of DNA-degrading toxins can lead to stable coexistence of heterogeneously distributed strains within the bacterial community and to the maintenance of diversity.
Validation of Large Eddy Simulation in a Relaminarizing Boundary Layer Flow (2011)

Coexistence of laminar, transitional and turbulent flow regimes is very common in blood flows through arteries, airflows in human respiratory systems, and indoor airflow etc.  Due to the complexity of flow physics involved, most Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models are not suitable for these flows because they are designed primarily for high Reynolds number turbulent flows.  In this paper, large eddy simulation with dynamic subgrid model has been applied to simulate the flow in a relaminarizing boundary layer that undergoes reverse transition from turbulent state to laminar one.  Simulated mean velocities and turbulent intensities are in good agreement with corresponding experimental data at different streamwise positions where different flow regimes exist.  The appropriateness of dynamic subgrid model for the study of relaminarizing boundary layer flow is demonstrated by the spatial variation of subgrid constant: it is somewhat constant in fully turbulent regime, decreases in transitional regime and reaches zero in laminar regime.  Comparison of the experimental data and computational results from three low Reynolds number RANS models shows that they do not adequately predict the flow relaminarization.  The present study suggests the use of large eddy simulation with dynamic model in the study of complex flows where a combination of flow regimes (laminar, transitional, and turbulent) may exist.
Doing two-level logic minimization 100 times faster (1995)

Two-level logic minimization consists in finding a minimal cost sum-of-products, i.e, disjunctive normal form, of a given Boolean function. This paper presents a new algorithm to solve this problem, and gives experimental evidences showing that it outperforms the leading minimizers of several orders of magnitude. We suspect that it may be possible to explain this improvement in performance theoretically, and hope that our empirical results will stimulate research along
The Effect of Feedback on Alternans Formation in the Heart (2012)

A beat-to-beat alternation in the duration of the action potential (APD) of myocytes, i.e. alternans, is believed to be a direct precursor of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the whole heart. A common technique for the prediction of alternans uses the restitution curve, the nonlinear functional relationship between the APD and the preceding diastolic interval (DI). It was proposed that alternans appears when the magnitude of the slope of the restitution curve exceeds one, known as the restitution hypothesis. However, this restitution hypothesis was derived in the presence of feedback, i.e. the partial dependence of the DI on the immediate preceding APD. Physiologically, the heart rate exhibits substantial variations, known as heart rate variability (HRV), which might affect the feedback relationship. In this manuscript, we aim to investigate the effect of feedback on alternans formation in the heart.© 2012 ASME
Contactless Energy Transfer System With FPGA-Controlled Resonant Converter (2010)

Power supply based on an inductive coupled contactless energy transfer system is presented in this paper. The energy is transferred using a rotatable transformer and a power electronic converter. To minimize total losses of the system, a series resonant compensation circuit is applied assuring zero-current switching condition for insulated-gate bipolar transistors. The analytical expression of the transfer dc voltage gain is presented and discussed. The novelty of the system lies in the application of a fully digital field-programmable-gate-array-based controller and a protection system. The resonant frequency is adjusted by a primary peak current regulator. Some simulation and experimental results illustrating the operation of the developed 3-kW 60-kHz laboratory prototype are given. Although the presented power supply with a rotatable transformer is constructed mainly for robotics and manipulators, the described design and control methodology has general validity and can be applied for a wide class of contactless power supply with core or coreless transformers.
Clinical Significance of Endoleak Detected on Follow-Up CT After Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (2008)

Endoleaks detected only in the delayed phase of CT had resolved spontaneously without intervention. Therefore, we can consider eliminating the delayed phase of acquisition to minimize radiation exposure.
Feature Extraction of 3-Dimensional Objects with a Laser Tracker (1974)

One important aspect in research on an intelligent robot is visual information processing. A visual device is required for an intelligent robot to perform various complicated tasks.This paper describes the principle and the construction of a Laser Tracker as a visual device with an “active” faculty. The Laser Tracker consists of flying-spot equipment and a 2-dimensional measuring device. The flying-spot equipment moves a laser spot freely and the measuring device obtains DC voltages according to the 2-dimensional coordinates of the brightest point in the range of an image dissector.This robot's eye acquires 3-dimensional coordinates of a laser spot on an object on the basis of the triangulation and then extracts the feature of the object corresponding to the purpose of the intelligent robot.At the first part of this article, the basic experiment to obtain 3-dimensional coordinates of a laser spot is reported.As one of applications, experimental results of classification and feature extraction of several3-dimensional objects are followed.
MyoD enhances BMP7-induced osteogenic differentiation of myogenic cell cultures (2004)

The muscle-specific, basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MyoD can induce cells from other mesenchymal lineages to express a skeletal muscle phenotype. Interestingly, MyoD is initially upregulated in myogenic cells incubated with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a treatment that induces osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that MyoD has a role in BMP-induced osteogenesis of myogenic cells. This possibility is supported by our observations that muscle satellite cells derived from adult MyoD(-/-) mice show severely impaired osteogenic induction by BMP-7 (osteogenic protein 1; OP-1) as indicated by the decreased gene expression of the bone markers alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, Runx2/Cbfa1, and Osterix. Ectopic expression of MyoD increased alkaline phosphatase activity and Osterix mRNA expression in response to BMP treatment. Similarly, ectopic expression of MyoD in the pluripotent mesenchymal cell line C3H10T1/2 increased alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-7. Transcription assays showed that transfection with a MyoD-expression vector, but not other myogenic basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (Myf5, myogenin) increased Runx2/Cbfa1 transactivation of a reporter gene construct containing either six OSE sequences in tandem or a single OSE site. This effect was enhanced by BMP treatment. These studies, therefore, demonstrate that the muscle transcription factor MyoD is required for efficient BMP-induced osteogenesis of myogenic cells and indicate that MyoD might exert its effects through co-operative interactions with Runx2/Cbfa1.
Vapor-dynamic cooling systems for nuclear power plants (2017)

Are the results of the pilot study intensive cooling pools extracts of spent nuclear fuel at nuclear power plants using vapor-dynamic technology. The possibility of passive heat dissipation energy axially heat flow density above 106 W/m2.
Amplification of synchrotron radiation in a stream-plasma system (1969)

Employing the Einstein-coefficients approach, it is shown that synchrotron radiation can be amplified when a monoenergetic electron stream is gyrating in a helical path in the static magnetic field of a cold magnetoactive plasma. Errors appearing in recent literature concerning synchrotron radiation are pointed out. The frequency dependence of the amplification rate is discussed with the aid of some numerical examples. In the limiting case when the helical stream becomes a strictly rotating bunch, the result obtained is identical with that derived from the classical kinetic treatment.
Nonparaxial Imaging, Magnification, and Aberration Properties in Holography* (1967)

This study extends the imaging, magnification, and aberration properties of the images formed from holograms to the nonparaxial case. This extension yields expressions which can be used to locate accurately the position of an image point in those cases where the paraxial theory fails. The readout-illumination critical angles for image formation are predicted and related to the critical angles of a diffraction grating. The ratio of readout wavelength to recording wavelength is limited, and consequently wavelength-change magnification is limited, for certain types of holograms. The expressions developed are kept in the same form as those developed for the paraxial case so that the reduction to the paraxial case is obvious, and the many prior comments made on aberration reduction are applicable by a simple change of variable.
Psychosocial Treatment of Phobia and Panic Disorders (1994)

Intervention packages combining cognitive restructuring techniques and exposure exercises have become the psychosocial treatments of choice for panic, agoraphobia, and social phobia. Exposure and related desensitization techniques are the treatment of choice for all variants of simple phobia. Combining psychotropic medication and cognitive-behavior therapy suggests strategies that offer new opportunities for increasing the number of individuals with anxiety disorders who can be effectively treated with a biobehavioral approach.
Molecular biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2014)

Molecular biomarkers are highly desired in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), where they hold the potential to elucidate underlying disease mechanisms, accelerated drug development, and advance clinical management. Currently, there are no molecular biomarkers in widespread clinical use for IPF, and the search for potential markers remains in its infancy. Proposed core mechanisms in the pathogenesis of IPF for which candidate markers have been offered include alveolar epithelial cell dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and fibrogenesis. Useful markers reflect important pathological pathways, are practically and accurately measured, have undergone extensive validation, and are an improvement upon the current approach for their intended use. The successful development of useful molecular biomarkers is a central challenge for the future of translational research in IPF and will require collaborative efforts among those parties invested in advancing the care of patients with IPF.
Investigation of the Effects of Low Intensity Electrical Currents on Wound Infection and Healing. (1974)

The report presents the results of a threefold project: application of cyclic electrical current to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection; enhancement of wound healing using low level direct currents; and, electrical current effects on tissue cell cultures.