gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelet Transforms and Time-Frequency Signal Analysis (2001)

Preface Contributors Color Insert I. Wavelets and Wavelet Transforms Wavelet Frames: Multiresolution Analysis and Extension Principles J.J. Benedetto and O.M. Treiber Convergence Rates of Multiscale and Wavelet Expansions M.A. Kon and L.A. Raphael Denoising via Nonorthogonal Wavelet Transforms K. Berkner and R.O. Wells, Jr. Osiris Wavelets and the Dipole Gas G. Battle Wavelets in Closed Forms A. Zayed and G.G. Walter Wavelet Galerkin Methods for Boundary Integral Equations and the Coupling with Finite Element Methods C. Perez and R. Schneider Computing and Analyzing Turbulent Flows Using Wavelets K. Schneider and M. Farge The Uncertainty Principle for the Short-Time Fourier Transform and Wavelet Transform L. Cohen II. Time-Frequency Signal Analysis Quadratic Time-Frequency Analysis of Linear, Time-Varying Systems F. Hlawatsch and G. Matz Inequalities in Mellin--Fourier Signal Analysis P. Flandrin Introduction to Time-Frequency Signal Analysis B. Boashash and B. Barkat Reduced Interference Time-Frequency Distributions: Scaled Decompositions and Interpretations / W.J. Williams Index
Raf revertant cells resist transformation by non-nuclear oncogenes and are deficient in the induction of early response genes by TPA and serum. (1993)

A revertant cell line was generated from v-raf transformed NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. These cells, termed CHP25, express a functional v-raf oncogene. However, they are non-tumorigenic, do not form colonies in soft agar and possess a flat morphology. CHP25 cells are resistant to re-transformation by sis, ras, tyrosine kinase- as well as serine/threonine kinase-encoding oncogenes suggesting that Raf functions downstream of most membrane associated signal transducers. In contrast to v-raf transformed cells, in which the endogenous Raf-1 protein kinase is constitutively activated, v-Raf in CHP25 cells does not activate endogenous Raf-1 kinase. Since mitogen regulation of Raf-1 kinase in CHP25 cells is intact, we conclude that CHP25 cells are blocked at the level of Raf-1 substrate phosphorylation. Consistent with this interpretation CHP25 cells show specific alterations of early gene induction. The serum induction of c-fos and junD as well as the serum and TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) induction of junB and egr-1 are almost completely abolished. Only v-fos can transform CHP25, whereas c-fos, v-myc, c-jun and junB are ineffective. These data suggest that the lesion responsible for the revertant phenotype of CHP25 cells is the inability to activate the AP-1 complex. We conclude that Raf-1 signaling is essential for transformation of NIH/3T3 cells by peripheral oncogenes and for regulation of a subset of early response genes by TPA and serum growth factors.
Immunophenotypic analysis of clonogenic cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia using an in vitro colony assay (1989)

A culture system was used to analyze the expression of membrane differentiation antigens on the proliferative or clonogenic fraction of cells from cases of common (precursor B) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (c-ALL). Colonies of leukemic cells were obtained in 18 of 20 cases after 1 week in culture in a liquid layer containing recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and B-cell growth factor over an agar feeder layer containing irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells plus fetal calf serum (FCS) and horse serum. Cultured cells expressed HLA-DR, CD-9, CD-10, CD-20, and CD-34 antigens, indicating conservation of precursor B phenotype. Differentiation antigen expression on the clonogenic subpopulation giving rise to leukemic colonies was assessed by treating cells prior to culture with selected cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and complement or by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Lytic treatment with HLA-DR, CD- 10, CD-9, and CD-20 antibodies produced median reductions in colony formation of 93%, 81%, 73%, and 58% respectively. Combined treatment with CD-9 and CD-10 antibodies produced complete inhibition in 11 of 13 cases. Cell-sorting experiments after CD-10 staining indicated a good correlation with complement lysis studies and also demonstrated that the CD-19 antigen is expressed on a high proportion of clonogenic cells. Colony formation was also significantly reduced in 13 of 17 cases by lytic treatment of cells with the CD-33 antibody MY-9, suggesting expression of this “myeloid” lineage antigen on ALL clonogenic cells. The substantial case-to-case variation in expression of individual differentiation antigens indicates that leukemic cellular heterogeneity is a major consideration in ex vivo bone marrow purging using MoAbs and emphasizes the need for more critical evaluation of purging techniques.
Encephalocytozoon intestinalis-specific monoclonal antibodies for laboratory diagnosis of microsporidiosis (1996)

Two monoclonal antibodies which can be used for the unambiguous identification by fluorescence microscopy of Encephalitozoon intestinalis spores in clinical specimens are described. Monoclonal antibody Si91 is specific for the extruded polar filament, and Si13 recognizes the surfaces of E. intestinalis spores. No cross-reaction with spores of Encephalitozoon hellem was observed. Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed the specific reactivities of both antibodies. Combined in an indirect immunofluorescence assay, these antibodies are used to identify spores in feces. Although there was some cross-reaction with fecal bacteria and fungi, the typical morphology of the extruded polar filaments enabled proper identification of the E. intestinalis spores. Parasites could also be demonstrated to be present in urine, nasal swabs, lung brush biopsy specimens, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a patient with disseminated infection with E. intestinalis. The use of these monoclonal antibodies facilitates the detection and species determination of E. intestinalis in clinical specimens.
Introducing an alternative drug-free technique for pain and anxiety control into a clinical environment cognitive behavioural therapy: a discussion on implementation into dental practice. (2014)

Pharmacological methods of pain and anxiety control include local anaesthesia and conscious sedation techniques. On occasion the anxiety levels of some patients are so extreme that alternative methods of pain and anxiety control are required.The provision of conscious sedation and even in extreme cases general anesthetic can be useful. These methods are usually very effective in treating nervous patients and offering sedation services helps patients seek dental treatment more readily. However, by decreasing the demand for conscious sedation and certainly the demand for general anaesthetics the risks associated, waiting lists and costs incurred will also be diminished. Despite recent advances in dental techniques and the provision of sedation services there has not been a marked decrease in dental anxiety within the general population.This could be because the anxieties are not being dealt with; they are just being managed by these techniques and patients still cannot cope with having dental treatment without these pharmacological methods. Cognitive behavioural therapy is a non-invasive psychological intervention therapy. Psychological therapies have been shown to decrease dental anxiety.Therefore this therapy could be used to potentially decrease the demand for sedation. Implementing this into a general practice setting could certainly help a number of nervous but motivated patients. It also may improve waiting lists and costs from sedation procedures.The end goal is to help patients receive routine dental care with decreased pharmacological support. It is, however, important for dentists providing this to have sufficient and appropriate training.
Single-Pair FRET Characterization of DNA Tweezers (2006)

The self-assembly properties of DNA make it an ideal choice for the construction of nanomachines such as DNA tweezers. Because nanomachines function as individual units, they need to be studied on the single-molecule level. From single-pair FRET investigations, we show that "open" tweezers exist in a single conformation with minimal FRET efficiency, whereas upon addition of a "closing strand", three conformations are observed, which are averaged out in ensemble measurements.
Association of IL-1ra and Adiponectin With C-Peptide and Remission in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (2008)

IL-1ra is associated with preserved beta-cell capacity in type 1 diabetes. This novel finding indicates that administration of IL-1ra, successfully improving beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes, may also be a new therapeutic approach in type 1 diabetes. The relation of adiponectin and IL-6 with remission and metabolic status transfers observations from in vitro and animal models into the human situation in vivo.
Molecular identification and pharmacological characterization of adenosine receptors in the guinea‐pig colon (2000)

The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of adenosine in the motor function of the guinea-pig distal colon.2 To determine whether adenosine A(1) receptors and A(2B) receptors are expressed in the guinea-pig colon, we employed the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR). The gene expression of A(1) receptor and A(2B) receptor was found for the first time in the guinea-pig proximal and distal colon.3 Adenosine A(1) agonist N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), and A(1)/A(2) agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) concentration-dependently inhibited neurogenic responses to electrical field stimulation (EC(50)=1.07x10(-8) and 2.12x10(-8) M) in the longitudinal muscle, but A(2A) agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino-5'-N-ethycarboxamido-ad enosine (CGS21680) had only a slight inhibitory effect (25.9%, 1 microM). A(1) antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, 10 nM: A(1) selective concentration) antagonized responses to CPA and NECA. Furthermore, the affinity order of antagonists at inhibiting the effect NECA was: DPCPX>8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT: A(1)/A(2) antagonist).3 In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX, 0.3 microM), CPA and NECA relaxed myogenic precontraction induced by KCl (50 mM) (EC(50)=1.26x10(-5) and 1.04x10(-5) M, respectively), but CGS21680 (1 microM) did not cause any relaxation. DPCPX did not affect responses to CPA and NECA at a concentration of 10 nM, but a higher concentration (1 microM) of DPCPX and 10 microM of 8-PT antagonized those responses.5 These data lead us to the hypothesis that adenosine may mediate relaxation through two different inhibitory receptor subtypes; A(1) receptors on the enteric neuron and A(2B) receptor on the smooth muscle in the guinea-pig distal colon.
The magnetic and electric fields agree with intracranial localizations of somatosensory cortex (1988)

We measured the magnetoencephalogram (MEG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and electrocorticogram (ECoG) after stimulation of contralateral median nerve in four patients with partial epilepsy evaluated for surgery. Quantitative localization estimates from equivalent source modeling were compared with locations of central fissure in hand sensorimotor area determined by cortical stimulations, intraoperative photographs, and examination after excision in frontal lobe. We also measured MEG and EEG in nine control subjects. MEG and EEG localizations were within 2.5 cm of the estimated location of central fissure in all 13 subjects. In the three patients who had complete mapping of all three fields, the average distance of localizations from central fissure was approximately 4 mm in both MEG and EEG, 3 mm in ECoG, and 3 mm in combined MEG and EEG. MEG was simpler than EEG, which was simpler than ECoG. MEG resolved ambiguities in both EEG and ECoG. The combination of the three fields added information about the spatiotemporal activity of somatosensory cortex. Localization of central fissure was essential to surgical treatment.
Ion‐free latex films composed of fused polybutadiene and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) particles as polymer electrolyte materials (1994)

Abstract Latex films composed of fused polybutadiene (PB) and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) particles that contain no ionic, hydroxyl, or amino groups were swelled with lithium salt solutions to yield new polymer electrolyte materials. The latex particle consists of a nonpolar, rubbery core that contains the PB component and a polar, glassy shell that contains the PVP component. The particle core‐shell morphology was retained in the solid state, after the latex dispersion medium was removed and the films dried at high temperatures, due to the high T g of the PVP shell. The films swelled when immersed in lithium salt solutions, and ionic conductivity of swollen films was greater than 10 ‐3 S/cm. Swelling and ionic conduction occurred only in the polar PVP component. Extraction of PVP occurred with extended swelling. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measurement of Radish Root Enlargement under Mechanical Stress<sup>1</sup> (1977)

Abstract Evaluation of the force that can be exerted by enlarging plant roots, and comparison with that required to deform the soil, will help to identify the influence of soil mechanical properties on plant growth. A growth chamber study was made to evaluate the rate of enlargement of radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) roots as influenced by level of applied pressure and to determine the maximum pressure against which the roots could expand. Special cells were designed to measure the growth rate of the roots against the applied pressure. The procedure involved compressing the storage root by gas pressure against a liquid; and the liquid and root being separated by a membrane. The storage root enlarged against the membrane. The secondary roots extended outside of the pressure cell into an aerated nutrient solution and the leaves were exposed to light and air under controlled conditions of an environmental chamber. Volume change of the roots was periodically determined and after harvest the final volume and weight was obtained. Osmotic potential of root extracts was also determined. The rate of root enlargement decreased with applied stress. Volume and weight at harvest decreased in a logarithmic manner with applied pressure. The limiting pressure for radish root enlargement was estimated to be about 8.5 bars. Osmotic potential of root extract was closely related to applied pressure. It is suggested that the origin of forces exerted by the root is from higher turgor pressure induced by osmotic concentration of sap.
Maternal Ghrelin Plays an Important Role in Rat Fetal Development during Pregnancy (2005)

Ghrelin, an acylated peptide serving as an endogenous ligand for GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), was originally isolated from rat and human stomach. In this study, we report the critical role of maternal ghrelin in fetal development. High levels of ghrelin receptor (GHS-R) mRNA were detected in various peripheral fetal tissues beginning at embryonic d 14 and lasting until birth. Fetal GHS-R expression was also confirmed in fetal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Autoradiography revealed that both des-acyl ghrelin and acyl ghrelin bind to fetal tissues. Chronic treatment of mothers with ghrelin resulted in a significant increase in birth weight in comparison to newborns from saline-treated mothers. Even when maternal food intake after ghrelin treatment was restricted through paired feeding, significant stimulation of fetal development still occurred. Conversely, active immunization of mothers against ghrelin decreased fetal body weight during pregnancy. A single ghrelin injection into the mother increased circulating ghrelin levels in the fetus within 5 min of injection, suggesting that maternal ghrelin transits easily to the fetal circulation. High levels of des-acyl ghrelin were detected in fetal blood and amniotic fluid. Both acylated and des-acyl ghrelin increased [3H]thymidine and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation of cultured fetal skin cells in a dose-dependent manner, and calcium-imaging analysis revealed that acyl and des-acyl ghrelin increased the Ca2+ influx in discrete cultured fetal skin cells, respectively. These results indicate that maternal ghrelin regulates fetal development during the late stages of pregnancy.
The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor: Implications for the aging process (1998)

Aging is associated with decreased levels of growth hormone and both circulating and local levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). The decline in IGF-I has been postulated to be important in both physiological aging and pathological states that are seen with aging. In parallel, inappropriate apoptosis is thought to play a role in some of these same processes. In experimental models, IGF-I signalling through the IGF-I receptor confers a protective effect from apoptosis. This review summarizes the results of studies documenting the IGF-I anti-apoptotic effect in neuronal model systems. The known downstream signalling cascades that mediate this signal are beginning to be elucidated; these include MAP kinase and Akt. In addition, IGF-I prevents the reduction of anti-apoptotic proteins of the bcl-2 family induced by hyperosmotic conditions in cultured neuronal cells. IGF-I has been shown to positively impact on tau, the microtubule-associated protein, possibly preventing the degradation of proteins that are associated with the neurofibrils seen in Alzheimer's disease. All of the studies to date support the hypothesis that appropriately high levels of IGF-I signalling prevent some of the processes associated with aging.
Fluorescent binary ensemble with pattern recognition ability for identifying multiple metalloproteins with applications in serum and urine (2017)

A fluorescent binary ensemble with multiple-wavelength cross-reactivity functioning as a discriminative sensor to identify different metalloproteins in serum or urine solution.
Introduction to quantum error correction (1998)

An introduction to quantum error correction (QEC) is given, and some recent developments are described. QEC consists of two parts: the physics of error processes and their reversal, and the construction of quantum error–correcting codes. Errors are caused both by imperfect quantum operations, and by coupling between the quantum system and its environment. Any such process can be analysed into a sum of ‘error operators’, which are tensor products of Pauli spin operators. These are the analogues of classical error vectors. A quantum error correcting code is a set of orthogonal states, ‘quantum codewords’, which behave in a certain useful way under the action of the most likely error operators. A computer or channel which only uses such states can be corrected by measurements which determine the error while yielding no information about which codeword or superposition of codewords is involved. Powerful codes can be found using a construction based on classical error–correcting codes. An analysis which allows even the corrective operations themselves to be imperfect leads to powerful and counter–intuitive results: the quantum coherence of a long quantum computation can be preserved even though every qubit in the computer relaxes spontaneously many times before the computation is complete.
Synthesis of 3-substituted indolizines from the reaction of chlorocarbenes with 2-vinylpyridine (1994)

R. Bonneau, Y. N. Romashin, M. T. H. Liu and S. E. MacPherson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 509 DOI: 10.1039/C39940000509
<title>Low-power optically addressed spatial light modulators using MBE-grown III-V structures</title> (1991)

Device approaches are investigated for O-SLMs based on MBE engineered III-V materials and structures. Strong photo-optic effects can be achieved in periodically (delta) -doped multiple quantum well (MQW) structures. The doping-defined barriers serve to separate and delay recombination of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs. One can use this photo-effect to change the internal field across the MQWs giving rise to quantum-confined Stark shift. Alternately, the photo-generated electrons can be used to occupy the quantum wells, which in turn causes exciton quenching and a shift of the absorption edge. Recent work has shown that both of these predicted photo-optic effects can indeed be achieved in such MBE engineered structures. However, these enhanced effects are still insufficient for high contrast modulation with only single or double pass absorption through active layers of practical thickness. We use the asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity approach which permits extinction of light due to interference of light reflected from the front and back surfaces of the cavity. Modulation of the absorption in the active cavity layers unbalances the cavity and 'turns on' the reflected output signal, thereby allowing large contrast ratios. This approach is realized with an all-MBE- grown structure consisting of a GaAs/AlAs quarter-wave stack reflector grown over the GaAs substrate as the high reflectance mirror (approximately equals 0.98) and the GaAs surface as the low reflectance mirror (approximately equals 0.3). We use for our active cavities InGaAs/GaAs MQWs separated by npn (delta) -doped GaAs barriers to achieve sensitive photo-optic effect due to exciton quenching. High contrast modulation (> 60:1) is achieved with the Fabry-Perot structures using low power (< 100 mW/cm2) InGaAs/GaAS quantum well lasers for a write signal.
Neural basis of global resting-state fMRI activity (2010)

Functional MRI (fMRI) has uncovered widespread hemodynamic fluctuations in the brain during rest. Recent electroencephalographic work in humans and microelectrode recordings in anesthetized monkeys have shown this activity to be correlated with slow changes in neural activity. Here we report that the spontaneous fluctuations in the local field potential (LFP) measured from a single cortical site in monkeys at rest exhibit widespread, positive correlations with fMRI signals over nearly the entire cerebral cortex. This correlation was especially consistent in a band of upper gamma-range frequencies (40-80 Hz), for which the hemodynamic signal lagged the neural signal by 6-8 s. A strong, positive correlation was also observed in a band of lower frequencies (2-15 Hz), albeit with a lag closer to zero. The global pattern of correlation with spontaneous fMRI fluctuations was similar whether the LFP signal was measured in occipital, parietal, or frontal electrodes. This coupling was, however, dependent on the monkey's behavioral state, being stronger and anticipatory when the animals' eyes were closed. These results indicate that the often discarded global component of fMRI fluctuations measured during the resting state is tightly coupled with underlying neural activity.
Feedback stabilized deformable membrane mirrors for focus control (2009)

This paper describes a method to extend the range of motion of a deformable, continuous membrane mirror beyond the limit of open-loop electrostatic instability through the use of a feedback control scheme. The feedback scheme is based on capacitive sensing of the mirror. The sensing is achieved by coupling the actuation electrodes to a ring oscillator. We use a differential technique, where the frequency of the coupled oscillator is compared to a reference ring oscillator. Analysis of the system using a simplified parallel-plate model shows that the range of stable deflection depends on the dynamics of the device and control circuitry, and suggests that stable full-gap displacement can be achieved under certain conditions. Experimental results are provided, showing stable closed-loop deflection of our silicon nitride test device to 61% of the air gap, consistent with the predictions of our model.