gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An electrically conductive plastic composite derived from polypyrrole and poly(vinyl chloride) (1985)

Abstract An electrically conductive plastic material was obtained by the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. The transmission electron microscopy shows that polypyrrole is uniformly distributed in the matrix. The conductivity of the composites fall in the range of 5 to 50 S/cm, and their mechanical properties, as measured in a stress—strain test, are very similar to those of pure poly(vinyl chloride). These can be further improved by addition of poly(chloroprene) rubber as a plasticizer.
<title>Design and implementation of location-based wireless targeted advertising</title> (2001)

As advertisements are time and location sensitive, a challenge for wireless marketing is to have advertisements delivered when and where they are most convenient. In this paper we introduce a two-stage auction model for location-based wireless targeted advertising. This system extends the notion of location-based service by using location information to target advertising, and does so specifically by enabling advertisers to specify their preferences and bid for advertisement delivery, where those preferences are then used in a subsequent automated auction of actual deliveries to wireless data users. The automated auction in the second stage is especially effective because it can use information about the individual user profile data, including customer relationship management system contents as well as location from the wireless system's location management service, including potentially location history such as current trajectory from recent history and longer-term historical trip records for that user. Through two-stage auction, real-time bidding by advertisers and matching ads contents to mobile users help advertising information reach maximal value.
Optoacoustic imaging using interferometric measurement of surface displacement (2004)

We describe an optoacoustic imaging technique based on time-resolved measurements of laser-induced thermoelastic expansion. Tomographic images of tissue phantoms are formed using such measurements made at several locations following irradiation with a Q-switched Nd:YAG (λ=1064nm) laser pulse. Our system is based on a modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer that measures surface displacement with a temporal resolution of 4ns and a displacement sensitivity of 0.3nm. Images formed from data sets acquired from several highly scattering tissue phantoms provide better than 200μm resolution and show great promise for high-resolution noninvasive imaging of heterogeneous tissues at depths approaching 1cm.
Formation of microcrystalline silicon layer for thin films silicon solar cells on aluminium substrates (2016)

We investigated the formation of microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) epitaxially grown on the polysilicon seed layer on the aluminium(Al) substrate using Electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (ECR-PECVD). The μc-Si:H film serves as an active intrinsic absorber layer for a PIN configuration solar cell. A seed polysilicon (P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ) layer was created by depositing amorphous silicon by ECR-PECVD method (using SiH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> /Ar gases) directly on Al substrate followed by thermal annealing at 550°C resulting in a layer exchange. The μc-Si:H films was then deposited using a SiH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> /H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> gas mix employing the same reactor. The optimization of deposition parameters was carried out on mono crystalline-Si wafers. The parameters which allowed to reaching the highest crystalline fraction of ∼ 65% are obtained for SiH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> =4 sccm, H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> =40 sccm and a deposition temperature of 480°C. The Raman spectroscopy was carried out on the deposited films to determine the crystalline fraction while the spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements were applied to get an insight on the optical constants of the deposited layers as well as on their thickness. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were taken to identify the crystalline phase of the deposited film and surface morphologies of films were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The Arabidopsis EAR-motif-containing protein RAP2.1 functions as an active transcriptional repressor to keep stress responses under tight control (2010)

A hypothetical model for the role of RAP2.1 in modulating plant responses to cold and drought is proposed in this study. It appears that RAP2.1 acts as a negative "subregulon" of DREB-type activators and is involved in the precise regulation of expression of stress-related genes, acting to keep stress responses under tight control.
Chronic Pneumonic Plague in Macaca Mulatta (1954)

SummaryTwenty-four monkeys were exposed to Pasteurella pestis strain 139L administered by the inhalatory route. Dosage ranged from approximately 24,2000 to approximately 112,000 organisms per monkey. Investigation of the cause of the low mortality rate (3 deaths, 21 survivors) led to the finding that survivors bore lesions which indicated a chronic pneumonic process in contrast to the acute character of the lesions seen in non-survivors. Virulent, phage-sensitive P. pestis was recovered from the survivors in two instances, one at 15 days, the other at 48 days following exposure to the infectious clouds. In additional trials, phagesensitive P. pestis, still virulent for guinea pigs, was recovered from one of two animals sacrificed at 40 days. The gross and histological lesions are described.
A Multi-Level QAM Demodulator LSI with Wideband Carrier Recovery and Dual Equalizing Mode (1996)

A 4-/16-/64-/256-QAM demodulator LSI with an all-digital carrier-recovery loop including a novel phase detector and a fractionally-/ symbol-spaced equalizer is described. The phase detector, deciding the transmitted symbol from received signal power, detects the phase error up to ±45° and enables the loop to internally eliminate the ±80 KHz carrier-frequency offset. The fractionally-spaced equalizer is implemented at the same clock rate as the symbol-spaced equalizer by only increasing the selectors and flip-flops, though the former theoretically requires a two times faster operation than the latter. An LSI operating at a symbol rate up to 8 MBaud is successfully implemented.
Quantitative Analysis of Aquaporin mRNA Expression in Rat Tissues by RNase Protection Assay (1996)

The RNase protection assay was applied to quantify mRNA expression of five principal mammalian water channels in 18 different rat tissues, and to determine the influence of dehydration on renal water channel expression. Probes consisted of labeled cRNAs transcribed from cDNA fragments of rat CHIP28 (AQP-1, bp 238-575 of coding sequence), AQP-CD (AQP2, bp 53-606), MIWC (AQP4, bp 235-572), GLIP (AQP3, bp 219-604), and AQP5 (bp 56-612). Results were normalized to expression of rat beta-actin by quantitative densitometry of autoradiograms. CHIP28 mRNA was expressed strongly in heart, kidney > placenta, skeletal muscle, and urinary bladder and detected weakly in eye, lung, trachea, spleen, liver, colon, prostate, and skin. AQP-CD was detected only in kidney. MIWC mRNA expression was highest in brain, followed by eye, trachea, lung, stomach, kidney, and skeletal muscle. GLIP was found in eye, trachea, kidney, urinary bladder, skin, prostate, placenta, and skeletal muscle. AQP5 was detected in salivary gland, eye, lung, and trachea. An alternatively spliced form of MIWC (sMIWC) was also identified in lung and kidney by RNase protection assay, corresponding to deletion of exon 2 of MIWC. In response to dehydration (3 days, -15 % body weight), renal expression of CHIP28 and MIWC were unchanged, whereas expression of AQP-CD and GLIP were increased significantly by 2.18 +/- 0.04 and 1.36 +/- 0.11 fold (SE, n = 5), respectively. These results establish quantitative values for aquaporin transcript expression in multiple mammalian tissues. The sensitive RNase protection assay revealed the expression of water channels in several tissues not studied previously or in which mRNA levels were too low to detect by Northern blot analysis. The observation of GLIP up-regulation in kidney by dehydration suggests a role in the urinary concentrating mechanism.
Atropinesterase and Cocainesterase of Rabbit Serum: Localization of the Enzyme Activity in Isozymes (1970)

Zymograms reveal a multiplicity of esterase isozymes in rabbit serum. Most of the staining activity is concentrated in a region of the gels just anodal to the albumins where six phenotypes (A, AF, F, M, P, and S) are distinguished. The atropinesterase activity is associated with phenotypes A and AF and appears to be restricted to a single isozyme, zone A. Cocainesterase activity is limited to isozyme S, a zone common to all phenotypes except M.
Role of the Thrombin Insertion Loop 144-155. Study of Thrombin Mutations W148G, K154E and a Thrombin-Based Synthetic Peptide (1995)

Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease that plays a critical role in hemostasis. Crystallographic studies revealed that the insertion loop, residues 144-155 (human thrombin B chain numbering) located on the surface of thrombin, might be involved in the access of substrates to the active-site of the enzyme. This loop has also been proposed as a potential candidate for a binding site for thrombomodulin and selected thrombin substrates. In order to examine this hypothesis, we have introduced single amino acid substitutions into the loop 144-155 (W148G, K154E). These point mutations did not result in major changes in thrombin specificity. However, the mutant thrombins presented slight modifications in their catalytic activity on the tripeptidic substrate H-D-Lys-(epsilon-benzyloxycarbonyl)-Pro-Arg-NH-nitroanilide ([K154E]thrombin) or tosyl-Gly-Pro-Arg-NH-nitroanilide ([W148G]thrombin), and in the second-order rate constants of inhibition by antithrombin III ([K154E]thrombin) and ([W148G]thrombin) compared to recombinant wild-type thrombin. Kinetics of fibrinogen hydrolysis were minimally affected by the K154E mutation and were not affected by the W148G mutation. Neither of the mutations affected thrombin interaction with hirudin or its C-terminal tail, protein C activation by thrombin or thrombin-thrombomodulin, or platelet activation. We also examined the properties of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the sequence T147-S158. The synthetic peptide T147-S158 did not inhibit thrombin interaction with fibrin, thrombomodulin or protein C. Together, our results indicate that the thrombin loop 144-155 is indirectly involved in the catalytic function of the enzyme, most probably by limiting the access of the substrates to the catalytic site, and argue against the presence of a recognition exosite for fibrin(ogen), thrombomodulin or platelets within the loop.
A Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface at mmWave Based on a Binary Phase Tunable Metasurface (2021)

Originally introduced in the early 2010's, the idea of smart environments through reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) controlling the reflections of the electromagnetic waves has attracted much attention in recent years in preparation for the future 6G. Since reconfigurable intelligent surfaces are not based on increasing the number of sources, they could indeed pave the way to greener and potentially limitless wireless communications. In this paper, we design, model and demonstrate experimentally a millimeter wave reconfigurable intelligent surface based on an electronically tunable metasurface with binary phase modulation. We first study numerically the unit cell of the metasurface, based on a PIN diode, and obtain a good phase shift and return loss for both polarizations, over a wide frequency range around 28.5 GHz. We then fabricate and characterize the unit cell and verify its properties, before fabricating the whole 10 cm ×10 cm reconfigurable intelligent surface. We propose an analytical description of the use that can be done of the binary phase RIS, both in the near field (reflectarray configuration) and in the far field (access point extender). We finally verify experimentally that the designed RIS works as expected, performing laboratory experiments of millimeter wave beamforming both in the near field and far field configuration. Our experimental results demonstrate the high efficiency of our binary phase RIS to control millimeter waves in any kind of scenario and this at the sole cost of the energy dissipated by the PIN diodes used in our design.
A Simple System to Determine Who Needs Osteoporosis Screening (1999)

In Brief Objective To define factors that identify patients at highest risk for osteoporosis who should be screened. Methods We gave a questionnaire we developed for osteoporosis risk factors to 1346 menopausal women who were being screened by bone densitometry at the spine, hip, and femoral neck. Chi-square analysis using the one-tailed test was done on all categoric variables to determine differences or patterns in bone mineral density at specific sites. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done on each of the three sites scanned to determine which combination of independent variables was a significant predictor of the presence or absence of osteoporosis. Results Factors identified that were significant for the presence of osteoporosis were age 61 years or older, weight 165 pounds or less, or lack of any use of estrogen, either oral contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy. Conclusion We devised a simple system to identify which patients should be screened for osteoporosis. To identify women who should have osteoporosis screening, we devised a system that incorporates age, weight, and present or past use of any estrogen therapy.
The Market Response (2011)

In the heyday of rising oil prices, and just four years before the Deepwater Horizon spill, BP ranked fifth in the world in the value of non-state owned firms. With a market value of $233.2 billion, BP had been rising rapidly in both value and rank. It ranked second among oil firms, and followed only ExxonMobil, General Electric, Microsoft, and Citigroup, in that order.139
A Target-Centric Ontology for Intrusion Detection (2003)

We present an approach to some security problems in multi-agent systems based on distributed trust and the delegation of permissions, and credibility. We assume an open environment in which agents must interact with other agents with which they are not familiar. In particular, an agent will receive requests and assertions from other agents and must decide how to act on the requests and assess the credibility of the assertions. In a closed environment, agents have well known and familiar transaction partners whose rights and credibility are known. The problem thus reduces to authentication – the reliable identiﬁcation of agents’ true identity. In an open environment, however, agents must transact business even when knowing the true identities is un-informative. Decisions about who to believe and who to serve must be based on an agent’s properties. These properties are established by proving them from an agent’s credentials, delegation assertions, and the appropriate security policy. We begin by describing our approach and the concepts on which it is built. Then we present a design that provides security functions (authorization and credibility assessment) in a typical agent framework (FIPA) and describe initial work in its realization using the semantic web language DAML+OIL.
Towards a Comprehensive Database of Proteins From the Urine of Patients With Bladder Cancer (1996)

The database provides a solid basis for further studies aiming at identifying tumor markers in the urine that may serve as prognostic factors in bladder cancer.
Separability test for the electricity supply industry (1995)

Abstract This paper examines the vertical integration issue of the electricity industry. This industry is typically vertically integrated and heavily regulated. The paper investigates the potential technological efficiency loss due to the vertical disintegration using the translog production function. Three separability hypotheses using the Allen‐Uzawa elasticity of substitution are tested to examine the feasibility of various degrees of disintegration of the current industry structure. All three separability hypotheses are rejected, and the cost of disintegration is estimated. Further, estimates indicate that the electricity industry appears to have exhausted economies of scale. Unlike other deregulated industries, disintegration of the electricity industry will entail technological efficiency loss.
American Indian women's talking circle: A cervical cancer screening and prevention project (1996)

Utilizing a culturally acceptable intervention has the potential to improve the health status of American Indian Women.
Effects of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist c7E3 Fab and anticoagulants on platelet aggregation and thrombin potential under high coagulant challenge in vitro (2000)

The present study was performed to investigate the combined effects of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist c7E3 Fab (abciximab) and the anticoagulants unfractionated heparin (UH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and recombinant hirudin (rH) on platelet aggregation and thrombin generation under high coagulant challenge by extrinsic activation of platelet-rich plasma. Platelet aggregation and thrombin generation were assessed simultaneously in the presence of different concentrations of abciximab and anticoagulants. Increasing concentrations of abciximab resulted in a dose-dependent anti-aggregating effect with a maximum at 20 microg/ml. Doses of 5, 10, and 20 microg/ml abciximab prolonged the lag phase until the onset of platelet aggregation, but this effect was independent of the dosage used. Abciximab had no influence on the thrombin potential under our high coagulant challenge. UH, LMWH, and rH showed a dose-dependent prolongation of the lag phase until the onset of platelet aggregation and decreased the thrombin potential. Addition of anticoagulants did not contribute to further inhibition of platelet aggregation in the presence of abciximab, but the combination of abciximab and anticoagulants exhibited an additive effect on prolongation of the lag phase until the onset of platelet aggregation. Addition of abciximab to anticoagulants did not result in further decrease of the thrombin potential. Our study demonstrates the respective specific effects of abciximab and anticoagulants on platelet aggregation and thrombin potential under high coagulant challenge, and also an additive effect of abciximab and the anticoagulants UH, LMWH, and rH on the lag phase until the onset of platelet aggregation.
Characteristics of a Virus Isolated from a Feline Fibrosarcoma (1970)

A virus was isolated from a radioresistant feline fibrosarcoma. It induced multi-nucleated giant-cell formation and lysis in a cell line derived from a canine fibro-sarcoma, which was used to characterize the virus. End-point titrations in these cells required 28 days. The virus was sensitive to ether and heat and was destroyed at pH 3. Replication was not inhibited by 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Electron microscopy revealed assembly by a budding process from the plasma membrane of infected cells. The average diameter of the virion was 106 nm. Intracisternal particles with an average diameter of 45 nm were present within infected cells. In two instances secondary monolayers of feline renal cells underwent morphological transformation after inoculation of the virus. The two strains of transformed cells are now in continuous culture and do not yield infectious virus.
Long-Term Sertraline Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder (2006)

Sertraline appears to be well tolerated and safe over 24 weeks of treatment in children and adolescents with MDD. Children and adolescents treated with sertraline appear to have increased improvement over that seen in the first 10 weeks of treatment. These findings need confirmation in placebo-controlled studies.
A study of thermal expansion coefficients and microstructure during selective laser melting of Invar 36 and stainless steel 316L (2018)

This paper presents an experimental study on the metallurgical issues associated with selective laser melting of Invar 36 and stainless steel 316 L and the resulting coefficient of thermal expansion. Invar 36 has been used in aircraft control systems, electronic devices, optical instruments, and medical instruments that are exposed to significant temperature changes. Stainless steel 316 L is commonly used for applications that require high corrosion resistance in the aerospace, medical, and nuclear industries. Both Invar 36 and stainless steel 316 L are weldable austenitic face-centered cubic crystal structures, but stainless steel 316 L may experience chromium evaporation and Invar 36 may experience weld cracking during the welding process. Various laser process parameters were tested based on a full factorial design of experiments. The microstructure, material composition, coefficient of thermal expansion, and magnetic dipole moment were measured for both materials. It was found that there exists a critical laser energy density for each material, EC, for which selective laser melting process is optimal for material properties. The critical laser energy density provides enough energy to induce stable melting, homogeneous microstructure and chemical composition, resulting in thermal expansion and magnetic properties in line with that expected for the wrought material. Below the critical energy, a lack of fusion due to insufficient melt tracks and discontinuous beads was observed. The melt track was also unstable above the critical energy due to vaporization and microsegregation of alloying elements. Both cases can generate stress risers and part flaws during manufacturing. These flaws could be avoided by finding the critical laser energy needed for each material. The critical laser energy density was determined to be 86.8 J/mm3 for Invar 36 and 104.2 J/mm3 for stainless steel 316 L.