gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The formation and crystallization of simple organic and inorganic glasses (1956)

H. J. de Nordwall and L. A. K. Staveley, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1956, 52, 1207 DOI: 10.1039/TF9565201207
Alveolar macrophages develop from fetal monocytes that differentiate into long-lived cells in the first week of life via GM-CSF (2013)

Tissue-resident macrophages can develop from circulating adult monocytes or from primitive yolk sac-derived macrophages. The precise ontogeny of alveolar macrophages (AMFs) is unknown. By performing BrdU labeling and parabiosis experiments in adult mice, we found that circulating monocytes contributed minimally to the steady-state AMF pool. Mature AMFs were undetectable before birth and only fully colonized the alveolar space by 3 d after birth. Before birth, F4/80(hi)CD11b(lo) primitive macrophages and Ly6C(hi)CD11b(hi) fetal monocytes sequentially colonized the developing lung around E12.5 and E16.5, respectively. The first signs of AMF differentiation appeared around the saccular stage of lung development (E18.5). Adoptive transfer identified fetal monocytes, and not primitive macrophages, as the main precursors of AMFs. Fetal monocytes transferred to the lung of neonatal mice acquired an AMF phenotype via defined developmental stages over the course of one week, and persisted for at least three months. Early AMF commitment from fetal monocytes was absent in GM-CSF-deficient mice, whereas short-term perinatal intrapulmonary GM-CSF therapy rescued AMF development for weeks, although the resulting AMFs displayed an immature phenotype. This demonstrates that tissue-resident macrophages can also develop from fetal monocytes that adopt a stable phenotype shortly after birth in response to instructive cytokines, and then self-maintain throughout life.
Optical biosensor microsystems based on the integration of highly sensitive Mach–Zehnder interferometer devices (2006)

We present highly sensitive optical biosensors able to be fully integrated in lab-on-a-chip microsystems using standard CMOS compatible processes. These optical biosensors are based on integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometers, which have been designed to have high surface sensitivity and monomode behaviour. As a biosensing application of the devices we show the real-time detection of the covalent immobilization and hybridization of DNA strands without labelling. In order to achieve a lab-on-a-chip portable microsystem, we present the integration of the sensor with a CMOS compatible microfluidic system using SU-8 photolithography patterned layers.
Thomas' Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (2009)

Thomas' hematopoietic cell transplantation : , Thomas' hematopoietic cell transplantation : , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Phase Shift Modulation and DC-Link’s Voltage Balancing Control for a DAB DC-DC Converter (2018)

To improve the electrical energy consumption in modern transportation systems, a 1.5 kV DC bus in the future railway application has been considered by researchers and manufacturers. One of the preferred systems for this application is a high-frequency power electronics transformer to replace the existing 60 Hz power transformer. This solid-state transformer (SST) is made of multiple modules, and each module is composed of the AC/DC converter connected to a dual active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter. A performing topology for the DAB is a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter on the left side and a two-level full bridge converter on the right side, both connected through a high-frequency isolation transformer. Due to its multilevel voltage on the primary side, its soft switching properties and the low number of components capability, the NPC based DAB converter is chosen to meet this smart transformer's requirements. This study proposes a novel control algorithm of the phase modulation and the voltage balancing perspective for future intelligent transformers.
Polydispersity Effects on Conjugated Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes (2002)

This paper reports the effects of polydispersity in conjugation length on polymer light-emitting diode (PLED) device performance. For this study a di-alkoxy substituted pentamer of p-phenylenevinylene (5PV) was blended with a small amount of a lower band gap poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) or a small amount of a di-alkoxy substituted p-phenylenevinylene type nonamer (9PV). We also fractionated two different di-alkoxy substituted oxadiazole-PPVs and blended the high molecular weight, lower band gap fraction, into a matrix of the lower molecular weight, higher band gap, polymer. It was found that incorporation of a small amount of the low band gap material significantly degraded PLED device performance. To further test the significance of polydispersity we synthesized a low molecular weight narrow polydispersity PPV. Devices made with this PPV were about 2 orders of magnitude better in LED external quantum efficiency when compared to a high molecular weight, higher polydispersity PPV of identical structure. These findings are significant in that they point to the importance of controlling the polydispersity in conjugation length for obtaining efficient PLEDs. They also indicate the importance of controlling polydispersity when comparing one polymer structure to another.
Refocusing the Debate: Evidence-Based Clinical Cancer Research Versus Marketplace Reality (2008)

The continued development and licensing of modestly beneficial high-priced treatments, and the potential for widening disparities in cancer care, warrant a renewed focus on how we measure and define benefits and cost.
Breaks at telomeres and TRF2-independent end fusions in Fanconi anemia (2002)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by chromosome instability, progressive pancytopenia and cancer susceptibility. Telomeres are intimately related to chromosome stability and play an important role in organismal viability at the hematological level. Since previous works suggested an accelerated shortening of telomeres in FA, we have studied several markers of telomere integrity and function in FA patients and age-matched controls to get insights into the mechanisms and consequences of telomere erosion in FA. A higher frequency of extra-chromosomic TTAGGG signals and of chromosome ends with undetectable TTAGGG repeats was observed in FA cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), suggesting intensive breakage at telomeric sequences. This was proven by measuring the frequency of excess of telomeric signals per cell, which was 2.8-fold higher in FA. Consistent with previous reports, quantitative FISH analysis showed an accelerated telomere shortening of 0.68 kb in FA, which occurred concurrently in both chromosome arms in a similar magnitude. Our data therefore suggest that the telomere erosion in FA is caused by a higher rate of breakage at TTAGGG sequences in vivo in differentiated cells, in addition to mere replicative shortening during lymphocyte proliferation. Consistent with impaired telomeres in FA patients, we observed a >10-fold increase in chromosome end fusions in FA compared to normal controls. This observation was independent of TRF2, a telomere binding factor that protects human telomeres from end fusions, since immunohistochemistry studies in FA cell lines and corrected counterparts by retrovirus-mediated transfer of FANCA and FANCD2 cDNA showed that a functional FA pathway is not required for telomere binding of TRF2.
Computing on data streams (1999)

In this paper we study the space requirement of algorithms that make only one (or a small number of) pass(es) over the input data. We study such algorithms under a model of data streams that we introduce here. We give a number of upper and lower bounds for problems stemming from queryprocessing, invoking in the process tools from the area of communication complexity.
Cytotoxicity to Human Leukocytes by Topical Antimicrobial Agents Used for Burn Care (1993)

We tested two topical antimicrobial agents (TAAs), silver sulfadiazine and mafenide acetate, to determine their cytotoxic effects when human lymphocytes and neutrophils were incubated with the agents in vitro for 30 minutes. Dilute concentrations of both TAAs markedly inhibited neutrophil respiratory burst activity and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (p < 0.05). The components of silver sulfadiazine (silver and sulfadiazine) were separately tested, and each component inhibited both neutrophil and lymphocyte functions. Mafenide acetate markedly decreased intracellular Ca+2 flux in lymphocytes. The effects of the TAAs were partially reversed when cells were washed and resuspended in medium after they were exposed in vitro to the TAAs. Commonly used TAAs may contribute to local immune dysfunction in the patient with burns. Because evidence suggests that T lymphocytes may participate in wound healing, prolonged treatment with TAAs may also effect certain aspects of wound healing.
Learning-based Animal Models: Task-specific Focal Hand Dystonia (2007)

Dystonia is a disabling, involuntary disorder of movement that leads to writhing, twisting end-range movements or abnormal postures. Inadequate inhibition could account for excessive excitation and near synchronous co-contractions of agonists and antagonists. Dystonia may be generalized or specific, affecting only one part of the body or involving only a well-learned task (e.g., writing, keyboarding, golfing, playing a musical instrument). Task-specific and other focal dystonias are considered idiopathic, with multiple factors such as genetics, anatomy, physiology, psychology, environment, and behavioral characteristics contributing to the development of symptoms. This article provides detailed descriptions of two behavioral animal models (a primate [owl monkey] model and a rodent [Sprague-Dawley rat] model) developed to study the effect of excessive repetition as a potential etiology of focal hand dystonia (FHd). The hypothesis is that repetitive, near simultaneous hand movements can degrade the topographic representations of the hand on the somatic sensory and motor cortices, creating the involuntary movements characteristic of dystonia. While animal studies permit the opportunity for greater control to determine efficacy, the findings must always be confirmed by clinical studies to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis and effectiveness of treatment in the home, work, and personal environment. This article presents a review of the etiology and clinical implications for intervention strategies from animal and clinical studies that support learning-based mechanisms for FHd. Other animal models are also briefly reviewed.
A new synthesis of dl‐5‐vinyloxazolidine‐2‐thione, a natural antithyroid factor (1990)

Abstract A new procedure for the preparation of DL‐5‐vinyloxazolidine‐2‐thione (goitrin) 3 via a facile and practical synthesis of the key intermediate DL‐1‐amino‐3‐buten‐2‐ol 2 is described.
Structural and optical characterizations of InPBi thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2014)

InPBi thin films have been grown on InP by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. A maximum Bi composition of 2.4% is determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. X-ray diffraction measurements show good structural quality for Bi composition up to 1.4% and a partially relaxed structure for higher Bi contents. The bandgap was measured by optical absorption, and the bandgap reduction caused by the Bi incorporation was estimated to be about 56 meV/Bi%. Strong and broad photoluminescence signals were observed at room temperature for samples with xBi < 2.4%. The PL peak position varies from 1.4 to 1.9 μm, far below the measured InPBi bandgap.
Analytical Fluid Dynamics (2000)

The second edition of Analytical Fluid Dynamics presents an expanded and updated treatment of inviscid and laminar viscous compressible flows from a theoretical viewpoint. It emphasizes basic assumptions, the physical aspects of flow, and the appropriate formulations of the governing equations for subsequent analytical treatment. Topics covered inc
Inflammatory pathways in female reproductive health and disease (2009)

Inflammation involves alterations to vascular and immune cell function. It is well recognised that many physiological reproductive events such as ovulation, menstruation, implantation and onset of labour display hallmark signs of inflammation. These are orchestrated by specific molecular pathways involving a host of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and lipid mediators. Resumption of normal reproductive function involves prompt and proper resolution of these inflammatory pathways. Recent literature confirms that resolution of inflammatory pathways involves specific biochemical events that are activated to re-establish homeostasis in the affected tissue. Moreover, initiation and maintenance of inflammatory pathways are the key components of many pathologies of the reproductive tract and elsewhere in the body. The onset of reproductive disorders or disease may be the result of exacerbated activation and maintenance of inflammatory pathways or their dysregulated resolution. This review will address the role of inflammatory events in normal reproductive function and its pathologies.
On Security-Effective and Global Mobility Management for FPMIPv6 Networks (2014)

In PMIPv6-based network, mobile nodes can be made smaller and lighter because the network nodes perform the mobility management-related functions on behalf of the mobile nodes. One of the protocols, Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) [1] was studied by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Since FPMIPv6 adopts the entities and the concepts of Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) in Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), it reduces the packet loss. The conventional scheme has been proposed to cooperate with an Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) infrastructure for authentication of a mobile node in PMIPv6. Despite the fact that this approach resulted in the best efficiency, without beginning secured signaling messages, The PMIPv6 is vulnerable to various security threats and it does not support global mobility. In this paper, the authors analyzed the Kang-Park & ESS-FH scheme, and proposed an Enhanced Security scheme for FPMIPv6 (ESS-FP). Based on the CGA method and the public key Cryptography, ESS-FP provides a strong key exchange and key independence in addition to improving the weaknesses of FPMIPv6 and its handover latency was analyzed and compared with that of the Kang-Park scheme & ESS-FH.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has a 4.1 kb genetic island inserted within the sapABCDF operon that causes loss of resistance to the antimicrobial peptide protamine (2010)

The presence of GICT18/1 seems to be a natural feature of Salmonella Typhi. This genetic island is found only in 10 out of 32 Salmonella enterica serovars included in this study. Removal of GICT18/1 has an impact in the susceptibility of Salmonella Typhi to the antimicrobial peptide protamine.
Incorporation of cobaltocene as an n-dopant in organic molecular films (2007)

Electrical or chemical doping of molecular films is an efficient means of improving and controlling charge injection and carrier transport in organic devices. Recent work demonstrated that bis(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt(II) (cobaltocene, CoCp2) efficiently dopes a tris(thieno)hexaazatriphenylene (THAP) derivative, as shown by a 0.56eV shift of the Fermi level toward the empty states and an increase of current density by a factor of 103 over undoped THAP devices. In this work, a combination of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering is used to elucidate the details of dopant incorporation into bulk films. Cobaltocene is observed to codeposit into the THAP matrix in a controllable manner, with preferential adsorption of the dopant onto the surface of the host film. In the case of CoCp2-doped tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) films, negligible amounts of the dopant are found in the bulk matrix and on the film surface, resulting in minimal improvements in the electrical characteristics of doped Alq3 films. The process of CoCp2 adsorption onto a film surface or the evolving surface of a growing film which leads to dopant incorporation is likely assisted by charge transfer from cobaltocene to the host material, resulting in ion pairing between the dopant and host.
Assessment of Roles of Surface Histidyl Residues in the Molecular Basis of the Bohr Effect and of β143 Histidine in the Binding of 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate in Human Normal Adult Hemoglobin (1999)

Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to construct two mutant recombinant hemoglobins (rHbs), rHb(betaH116Q) and rHb(betaH143S). Purified rHbs were used to assign the C2 proton resonances of beta116His and beta143His and to resolve the ambiguous assignments made over the past years. In the present work, we have identified the C2 proton resonances of two surface histidyl residues of the beta chain, beta116His and beta143His, in both the carbonmonoxy and deoxy forms, by comparing the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of human normal adult hemoglobin (Hb A) with those of rHbs. Current assignments plus other previous assignments complete the assignments for all 24 surface histidyl residues of human normal adult hemoglobin. The individual pK values of 24 histidyl residues of Hb A were also measured in deuterium oxide (D(2)O) in 0.1 M N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer in the presence of 0.1 M chloride at 29 degrees C by monitoring the shifts of the C2 proton resonances of the histidyl residues as a function of pH. Among those surface histidyl residues, beta146His has the biggest contribution to the alkaline Bohr effect (63% at pH 7.4), and beta143His has the biggest contribution to the acid Bohr effect (71% at pH 5.1). alpha20His, alpha112His, and beta117His have essentially no contribution; alpha50His, alpha72His, alpha89His, beta97His, and beta116His have moderate positive contributions; and beta2His and beta77His have a moderate negative contribution to the Bohr effect. The sum of the contributions from 24 surface histidyl residues accounted for 86% of the alkaline Bohr effect at pH 7.4 and about 55% of the acid Bohr effect at pH 5.1. Although beta143His is located in the binding site for 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) according to the crystal structure of deoxy-Hb A complexed with 2, 3-BPG, beta143His is not essential for the binding of 2,3-BPG in the neutral pH range according to the proton NMR and oxygen affinity studies presented here. With the accurately measured and assigned individual pK values for all surface histidyl residues, it is now possible to evaluate the Bohr effect microscopically for novel recombinant Hbs with important functional properties, such as low oxygen affinity and high cooperativity. The present study further confirms the importance of a global electrostatic network in regulating the Bohr effect of the hemoglobin molecule.
Histone Deacetylases Positively Regulate Transcription through the Elongation Machinery (2015)

Transcription elongation regulates the expression of many genes, including oncogenes. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACIs) block elongation, suggesting that HDACs are involved in gene activation. To understand this, we analyzed nascent transcription and elongation factor binding genome-wide after perturbation of elongation with small molecule inhibitors. We found that HDACI-mediated repression requires heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) activity. HDACIs promote the association of RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) and negative elongation factor (NELF), a complex stabilized by HSP90, at the same genomic sites. Additionally, HDACIs redistribute bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a key elongation factor involved in enhancer activity. BRD4 binds to newly acetylated sites, and its occupancy at promoters and enhancers is reduced. Furthermore, HDACIs reduce enhancer activity, as measured by enhancer RNA production. Therefore, HDACs are required for limiting acetylation in gene bodies and intergenic regions. This facilitates the binding of elongation factors to properly acetylated promoters and enhancers for efficient elongation.
In vivo NAD assay reveals the intracellular NAD contents and redox state in healthy human brain and their age dependences (2015)

NAD is an essential metabolite that exists in NAD(+) or NADH form in all living cells. Despite its critical roles in regulating mitochondrial energy production through the NAD(+)/NADH redox state and modulating cellular signaling processes through the activity of the NAD(+)-dependent enzymes, the method for quantifying intracellular NAD contents and redox state is limited to a few in vitro or ex vivo assays, which are not suitable for studying a living brain or organ. Here, we present a magnetic resonance (MR) -based in vivo NAD assay that uses the high-field MR scanner and is capable of noninvasively assessing NAD(+) and NADH contents and the NAD(+)/NADH redox state in intact human brain. The results of this study provide the first insight, to our knowledge, into the cellular NAD concentrations and redox state in the brains of healthy volunteers. Furthermore, an age-dependent increase of intracellular NADH and age-dependent reductions in NAD(+), total NAD contents, and NAD(+)/NADH redox potential of the healthy human brain were revealed in this study. The overall findings not only provide direct evidence of declined mitochondrial functions and altered NAD homeostasis that accompany the normal aging process but also, elucidate the merits and potentials of this new NAD assay for noninvasively studying the intracellular NAD metabolism and redox state in normal and diseased human brain or other organs in situ.
Physical plasticity of the nucleus in stem cell differentiation (2007)

Cell differentiation in embryogenesis involves extensive changes in gene expression structural reorganization within the nucleus, including chromatin condensation and nucleoprotein immobilization. We hypothesized that nuclei in naive stem cells would therefore prove to be physically plastic and also more pliable than nuclei in differentiated cells. Micromanipulation methods indeed show that nuclei in human embryonic stem cells are highly deformable and stiffen 6-fold through terminal differentiation, and that nuclei in human adult stem cells possess an intermediate stiffness and deform irreversibly. Because the nucleo-skeletal component Lamin A/C is not expressed in either type of stem cell, we knocked down Lamin A/C in human epithelial cells and measured a deformability similar to that of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Rheologically, lamin-deficient states prove to be the most fluid-like, especially within the first approximately 10 sec of deformation. Nuclear distortions that persist longer than this are irreversible, and fluorescence-imaged microdeformation with photobleaching confirms that chromatin indeed flows, distends, and reorganizes while the lamina stretches. The rheological character of the nucleus is thus set largely by nucleoplasm/chromatin, whereas the extent of deformation is modulated by the lamina.
Low-Cycle Fatigue Failure of Reinforcing Steel Bars (2004)

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