gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nutrient Uptake by Microorganisms according to Kinetic Parameters from Theory as Related to Cytoarchitecture (1998)

The abilities of organisms to sequester substrate are described by the two kinetic constants specific affinity, a degrees, and maximal velocity Vmax. Specific affinity is derived from the frequency of substrate-molecule collisions with permease sites on the cell surface at subsaturating concentrations of substrates. Vmax is derived from the number of permeases and the effective residence time, tau, of the transported molecule on the permease. The results may be analyzed with affinity plots (v/S versus v, where v is the rate of substrate uptake), which extrapolate to the specific affinity and are usually concave up. A third derived parameter, the affinity constant KA, is similar to KM but is compared to the specific affinity rather than Vmax and is defined as the concentration of substrate necessary to reduce the specific affinity by half. It can be determined in the absence of a maximal velocity measurement and is equal to the Michaelis constant for a system with hyperbolic kinetics. Both are taken as a measure of tau, with departure of KM from KA being affected by permease/enzyme ratios. Compilation of kinetic data indicates a 10(8)-fold range in specific affinities and a smaller (10(3)-fold) range in Vmax values. Data suggest that both specific affinities and maximal velocities can be underestimated by protocols which interrupt nutrient flow prior to kinetic analysis. A previously reported inverse relationship between specific affinity and saturation constants was confirmed. Comparisons of affinities with ambient concentrations of substrates indicated that only the largest a degreesS values are compatible with growth in natural systems.
Field Calibration Accuracy and Utility of Four Down‐Hole Water Content Sensors (2008)

Soil water balance studies of profile water content, changes in stored water, crop water use, and spatial variability of water content and use require accurate soil water determinations that are representative across at least field‐sized areas. Several capacitance and other electromagnetic (EM) sensors are commercially available for use in access tubes to determine profile water content. Scientists and practitioners need to know if they are suitable replacements for the neutron moisture meter (NMM) in terms of accuracy and utility. In a field calibration of the NMM and three EM sensors in a Panoche clay loam soil in the San Joaquin Valley of California, three access tubes were installed in a site dried by plant water uptake and three were installed in an adjacent plot wetted to saturation and allowed to drain. Sensors were read and volumetric water content samples taken at several depths at each access tube; calibrations of water content vs. sensor reading were calculated for each depth and for appropriate combinations of depths by regression analysis. Calibrations for the EM sensors changed rapidly with depth, often requiring separate calibrations for every 10‐ or 20‐cm depth range, and were relatively inaccurate (RMSE of 0.015–0.063 m 3 m −3 ). The NMM is the preferred choice for accurate profile water content and change in storage determination. In general, the EM sensors cannot be recommended for profile water content or change in storage determinations due to their relatively less accurate (larger RMSE values) calibrations, strong dependence of calibration slopes and exponents on depth, probable dependence of the calibrations on soil bulk electrical conductivity (BEC), and the likelihood of BEC changes in the field during the irrigation season.
Iterative Coupled Analysis of Geomechanics and Fluid Flow for Rock Compaction in Reservoir Simulation (2002)

Conventional reservoir simulators calculate the effect of rock compaction on pore volume change through the concept of rock compressibility under a defined loading condition (hydrostatic or uniaxial strain). This approach usually is appropriate for reservoirs with competent rock. For weaker formations and complicated rock compaction behavior, however, a coupled analysis of geomechanics and multiphase fluid flow may be required for obtaining more rigorous and accurate solutions from reservoir simulation. In general, computational efficiency and convergence of numerical solutions are two critical factors in order to make coupled analysis economically and numerically feasible for practical field applications. In this paper, an iterative procedure for coupled analysis of geomechanics and multi-phase flow in reservoir simulation is proposed for large-scale, full-field, 3D problems. The proposed procedure isgeneral and effective for handling reservoir rock with complicated constitutive behavior of rockcompaction and permeability change as well as for simulating various reservoir production scenarios. Descriptions of model formulations, constitutive equations, solution procedures, and strategies for enhancement of computational efficiency are presented in the paper. To demonstrate the capability of the developed procedure for iterative coupled analysis, several problems including a large-scale field example were studied and are presented.
Study of loss in superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators (2011)

Superconducting coplanar waveguide (SCPW) resonators have a wide range of applications due to the combination of their planar geometry and high quality factors relative to normal metals. However, their performance is sensitive to both the details of their geometry and the materials and processes that are used in their fabrication. In this paper, we study the dependence of SCPW resonator performance on materials and geometry as a function of temperature and excitation power. We measure quality factors greater than 2 × 106 at high excitation power and 6 × 105 at a power comparable to that generated by a single microwave photon circulating in the resonator. We examine the limits to the high excitation power performance of the resonators and find it to be consistent with a model of radiation loss. We further observe that while in all cases the quality factors are degraded as the temperature and power are reduced due to dielectric loss, the size of this effect is dependent on resonator materials and geometry. Finally, we demonstrate that the dielectric loss can be controlled in principle using a separate excitation near the resonance frequencies of the resonator.
The 20th Century Holiness Movement and Korean Holiness Groups (2007)

The Korean Christianity has been influenced by the American mission work whether its influence is good or bad. This study demonstrates how much the holiness movements in America have changed Korea Holiness churches. A schism among the American Holiness churches brought another one among Korean people; a revival in America brought another one in Korea. A theological change in American Holiness circle made the same kind of change in Korea. Therefore, we might study the Korea Holiness movement in relations with American Holiness movement.
Vertebral Bone Mineral Density, Marrow Perfusion, and Fat Content in Healthy Men and Men with Osteoporosis: Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopy (2005)

Subjects with osteoporosis have decreased vertebral marrow perfusion and increased marrow fat compared with these parameters in subjects with osteopenia. Similarly, subjects with osteopenia have decreased vertebral marrow perfusion and increased marrow fat compared with these parameters in subjects with normal bone density.
Investigation of current-interruption by metal-filled epoxy resin (1978)

The mechanisms responsible for the ability of metal-filled epoxy resin to interrupt current are investigated. As with all materials conduction of current raises its temperature at an initial rate dependent on the current amplitude. The resulting early increase in resistivity, due to the relief of internal stresses (originally set up during curing of the composite material) by differential thermal expansion, is comparatively small. Eventual separation of the occluded metal particles is chiefly responsible for an abrupt increase in resistivity by a factor of 105. As found by Thomas in 1966, silver-plated copper spherical particles produce the most successful and repeatable interrupter action. An interrupter employing this principle was found to be successful at interruption voltages up to 10 V RMS but unsuitable for application at voltages above this value due to damage caused by internal arcing.
A Modular Approach to Marine Macrolide Construction. 4. Assembly of C36−C51 and C29−C44 Building Blocks and Evaluation of Key Coupling Reactions Targeting Spongistatin 1 (Altohyrtin A) (2007)

Routes have been developed for the stereocontrolled elaboration of two highly functionalized sectors of spongistatin 1. The approach to ring F takes advantage of B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura coupling to install the C44-C45 bond. The E-ring pyran moiety was generated by acylation of an alpha-sulfonyl carbanion, the stereogenic centers of which were incorporated by sequential asymmetric aldol reactions. [structure: see text].
COATINGS FOR WIRE‐WOUND RESISTORS* (1945)

A bstract This paper describes the experimental work carried out by the O. Hommel Fellowship, Mellon Institute, under a contract made by the O. Hommel Company with the War Production Board, to develop a coating for wire‐wound resistors which would pass the Grade 1, Class I qualification tests of Army and Navy Specification JAN–R–26. An outline of the methods used, a general survey of the types of coating considered, generalizations concerning requirements, and conclusions are presented. The work included studies of the conventional enameled Nichrome‐wound, steatite tube resistors which consisted of an investigation of the properties of tubes made from steatite and other ceramic bodies and the testing of vitreous enamels formulated for use as resistor coatings. When it became apparent that steatite tubes are not perfectly resistant to thermal shock and that the disparity among the expansivities of the component elements of this type of resistor is so great that the formulation of an enamel having satisfactory properties is very difficult, if not impossible, an extended effort was made to develop a resistor in which the wire was wound on a pre‐enameled steel core and then coated with a suitable cover‐coat enamel. Considerable progress was made on the enamel‐coating studies, but non‐short‐circuiting terminals were found to be necessary and a completely satisfactory design was not worked out except for testing purposes. A resistor that fulfilled the requirements of resistance to thermal shock and moisture penetration was developed from a tube of zircon porcelain, wound with Kovar wire and coated with Pyrex‐brand glass, the expansivities of all of which are low and within a relatively narrow range. Except for the fact that the wire used in this combination has too high a thermal coefficient of resistance, this type of resistor is capable of meeting the Grade 1, Class I specification. A recently developed silicone paste was applied to various types of tubes wound with a standard resistance wire fastened to copper tabs or to ferrules and cured at a maximum temperature of 375°C. This coating has a rubbery consistency and is not wet by water. Resistors coated with this material have fulfilled the requirements of Grade 1, Class I qualification tests.
Experimental research of temperature influence on retardance in crystal quartz for deep ultraviolet range of wavelength (2007)

The retardation change versus temperature was measured for deep UV multiorder crystal quartz wave plates. The influence of temperature on the wave-plate performance is even more significant for the deep UV region due to the shorter wavelength and increased number of wave periods in the retarder for the given thickness and sharp changes of refractive indices versus temperature and wavelength? Precise control of temperature is needed for accurate analysis of the wave-plate optical parameters. The wave plate should be designed for a certain temperature and used within a tightly controlled temperature range; otherwise its performance will be degraded, affecting the entire optical system. A simple laser-based method was exploited and developed for wave-plate performance evaluation versus temperature for the half and quarter wave retardation. All this information needs to be taken into account for deep UV wave-plate design to ensure the best possible performance of the retarder.
Application of thin films to porous mineral oxides using two‐dimensional solvents (1988)

Abstract Thin polymeric films have been applied to the surface of a porous material in a novel process. Nitrogen sorption, a conventional tool for measuring surface areas and pore size distributions, can be employed for determining the thickness of such films through a comparison of the pore size distribution curves before and after film formation. The thickness of a polystyrene film on a porous alumina powder is determined and compared with the theoretical thickness for styrene polymerized inside a two‐dimensional solvent, which consists of a partial bilayer of sodium dodecyl sulfate physically adsorbed from an aqueous solution onto the powder. Film thicknesses ranged from 1.8 to 0.4 nm while BET surface area decreased from 94.7 to 57.8 m 2 /g. The powder surface changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic while retaining the basic pore structure.
Cost-Effectiveness of Cervical-Cancer Screening in Five Developing Countries (2005)

Cervical-cancer screening strategies incorporating visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid or DNA testing for HPV in one or two clinical visits are cost-effective alternatives to conventional three-visit cytology-based screening programs in resource-poor settings.
Neuromuscular function in polio survivors at one-year follow-up. (1991)

Many polio survivors complain of progressive loss of strength, work capacity, endurance, and ability to recover from fatiguing activity. These variables were measured initially and one year later in the quadriceps muscles of 28 symptomatic and 16 asymptomatic persons who had polio and 38 control individuals. Peak knee extension torque was measured isokinetically and isometrically. Endurance, or the amount of time the subject could maintain isometric torque at 40% of maximal torque, was measured. Work capacity was determined as the product of isometric torque and endurance time. Recovery of strength was measured at regular intervals for ten minutes after the endurance test. Statistical analysis was done by repeated measures ANOVA. Although the initial measures showed significant deficits in mean peak torque, work capacity, and recovery of strength in symptomatic postpolio subjects, no significant changes were found one year later in any of the variables. We conclude that symptomatic postpolio subjects do not lose significant neuromuscular function in one year.
RANKL protein is expressed at the pannus-bone interface at sites of erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

Bone erosion is a characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is associated with significant morbidity and with poor prognosis. We previously reported the generation of inflammatory arthritis in the receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL)-/- mouse. Bone erosion was dramatically reduced in arthritic RANKL-/- mice, and osteoclast-like cells, abundant in erosions in arthritic control mice, were absent in arthritic RANKL-/- mice. These data support the hypothesis that RANKL is required for osteoclast generation in inflammatory arthritis. The expression of RANKL and its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) has been reported in RA synovial soft tissues. However, the identification of RANKL, its receptor, receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK), and OPG protein expression in the RA bone microenvironment is essential to fully characterize their contribution to osteoclastogenesis and subsequent bone erosion in RA. Tissues from 20 orthopedic surgeries on RA patients fulfilling American College of Rheumatology criteria were collected as discarded materials, as approved by the Institutional Review Board. Average duration of RA was 16 yrs (range 4 - 31 yrs). Six tissue samples contained only synovium/tenosynovium remote from bone, 7 samples contained bone with adjacent synovium, and 7 samples contained both synovium remote from bone and bone with adjacent synovium. Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize RANKL, RANK, and OPG protein expression. RANKL expression in the bone microenvironment was confined to sites of osteoclast-mediated bone erosion at the pannus-bone interface and at sites of subchondral bone erosion. RANK expressing osteoclast precursor cells were also present in erosion sites and most multinucleated cells on bone expressed RANK. OPG expression was prominent in synovium remote from bone, particularly in cells of the synovial lining layer, but was minimal in the local bone microenvironment, especially at sites of bone erosion and RANKL expression. The results indicate that in the RA bone microenvironment the RANKL/OPG expression balance favors osteoclastogenesis. This is the first demonstration of RANKL, RANK and OPG protein expression at sites of RA focal bone erosion and provides additional strong support for the importance of RANKL and of osteoclasts in the process of bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis.
A 15-Electrode Totally Implanted Time-Multiplex Telemetry Unit (1976)

A 15-electrode totally implanted time-multiplex telemetry unit is described that is powered by two mercury cells in series. Transcutaneous radio frequency (RF) turn-on and magnetic turnoff are used to conserve battery power. The basic cycle rate is 400 Hz, channel rate 6400 Hz. The channel 16 input consists of a 200-Hz 5 mV peak-to-peak (p-p) reference signal, and a 3200-Hz sync signal is added to all channels. The unit is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.5 \times 2.5 \times 8</tex> cm in size, weighs 41 g, and draws 3.5 mA. Low-frequency cutoff is at 0.2 Hz. The output is FM with a peak deviation of 75 kHz of a 20 MHz carrier at 5 mV peak channel input. The equivalent noise input is 2.8 μV root mean square (rms). The decoder automatically locks on the reference signal square wave with the aid of an exclusive-OR gate.
Expression of Concern: Estimation of Capacitive Crosstalk-Induced Short-Circuit Energy (2007)

In the nanometer regime, crosstalk significantly impacts the dynamic power consumption of a chip. In this paper, we present a methodology for analyzing crosstalk-induced short-circuit power dissipation in cell-based digital designs. We introduce a new cell pre-characterization technique for facilitating the estimation of crosstalk-induced short-circuit power. Examples demonstrate that the presented methodology is three orders of magnitude faster than circuit simulators while the average error is as low as 3.5%.
Enol content of some .beta.-diketones (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnol content of some .beta.-diketonesGeorge K. Schweitzer and Edmund W. BensonCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1968, 13, 3, 452–453Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60038a050https://doi.org/10.1021/je60038a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1235Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel transducer for the measurement of cement–prosthesis interface forces in cemented orthopaedic devices (2000)

When a cemented orthopaedic device is being investigated there is a need to estimate the forces at the cement-prosthesis interface. For this reason a miniature transducer was developed that could be included inside the surface of most prostheses. A load cell (based on a piezoelectric sensor) and the required accessories and amplification were custom designed and built. The present work describes the validation that was performed on the piezo sensors alone, when mounted on a simplified structure, and when applied to a hip stem.Linearity, repeatability, reproducibility, and sensibility to shear and axial eccentric loads were tested, yielding satisfactory results. The repeatability on the same sensor was found to be good while reproducibility between sensors was lower. Thus, each sensor was calibrated separately with a second order relationship. Sensitivity to shear and eccentric loads was very low. The overall accuracy of the load cell (including non-linearity, and signal drift) was of the order of about 1%.A hip stem instrumented with four such sensors was successfully implanted in a composite femur, yielding meaningful readouts.Thus, this type of sensor can readily be used to assess the cement-prosthesis interface forces in cemented devices.
tRNA-linked molecular beacons for imaging mRNAs in the cytoplasm of living cells (2005)

When oligonucleotide probes are microinjected into cells to image the distribution of RNAs, they are rapidly sequestered into the nucleus. As a result, it is difficult to detect mRNAs in the cytoplasm of living cells. We were able to overcome this process by attaching tRNA transcripts to the probes. We show that when fluorescently labeled tRNAs, tRNAs with extensions at their 5' end, or chimeric molecules in which a molecular beacon possessing a 2'-O-methylribonucleotide backbone is linked to a tRNA, are injected into the nucleus of HeLa cells, they are exported into the cytoplasm. When these constructs are introduced into the cytoplasm, they remain cytoplasmic. These constructs allow the distribution of both the general mRNA population and specific mRNAs to be imaged in living cells. This strategy should also be useful for enhancing the efficacy of antisense oligonucleotides by keeping them in the cytoplasm. Our observations show that the fidelity of the tRNA export system is relaxed for unnatural tRNA variants when they are introduced into the nucleus in large amounts.
An Abrupt Shift in the Day/Night Cycle Causes Desynchrony in the Mammalian Circadian Center (2003)

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the neuroanatomical locus of the mammalian circadian pacemaker. Here we demonstrate that an abrupt shift in the light/dark (LD) cycle disrupts the synchronous oscillation of circadian components in the rat SCN. The phases of the RNA cycles of the period genes Per1 and Per2 and the cryptochrome gene Cry1 shifted rapidly in the ventrolateral, photoreceptive region of the SCN, but were relatively slow to shift in the dorsomedial region. During the period of desynchrony, the animals displayed increased nighttime rest, the timing of which was inversely correlated with the expression of Per1 mRNA in the dorsomedial SCN. Molecular resynchrony required approximately 6 d after a 10 hr delay and 9 approximately 13 d after a 6 hr advance of the LD cycle and was accompanied by the reemergence of normal rest-activity patterns. This dissociation and slow resynchronization of endogenous oscillators within the SCN after an LD cycle shift suggests a mechanism for the physiological symptoms that constitute jet lag.