gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of induced labour on postpartum blood loss (2003)

It is generally believed that postpartum blood loss is less in patients whose labour is induced with prostaglandins than in patients delivered without induction. However, postpartum blood loss is known to be greater with precipitate labour and labours induced with oxytocin and prostaglandins, unless an oxytocic agent is continued after delivery. A retrospective study was undertaken at the University Hospital of the West Indies to look at the outcome of induced labour during 3 months, October-December 1998. Misoprostol induction was compared to the outcome after oxytocin induction, misoprostol induction plus oxytocin augmentation and those patients who delivered without oxytocics during this same time period. During that period, 524 patients were delivered and 51 (9.7%) were induced with misoprostol, 174 (33.2%) with oxytocin, 21 (4%) misoprostol plus oxytocin and 271 (51.7%) without oxytocic. Seven patients were eliminated from further analysis, as we were unsure of their induction status. Results showed no significant differences between the groups for variables such as maternal age, parity and fetal birth weight. There was a significantly greater mean blood loss at delivery with all induced labour compared with those not induced. For misoprostol 162.5(SD 190) ml, oxytocin (150 (SD 100) ml and for oxytocin plus misoprostol 150 (SD 150) ml, while controls had the lowest mean blood loss 100 (SD 130) ml occurring where no predelivery oxytocic was needed (P<0.03). Postpartum haemorrhage was highest with misoprostol 5.8% versus 4.4% for no oxytocic, 1.1% for oxytocin and 0% for misoprostol plus oxytocin. However, none of these values reached statistical significance. The misoprostol group also had the shortest first stage, 333 minutes versus 557 minutes for oxytocin, 576 minutes when both misoprostol and oxytocin was used and 344 minutes with no oxytocic. Blood loss was also independently directly associated with placental weight (P=0.01) and fetal birth weight (P=0.03), as well as the length of the third stage of labour (P=0.01), but not the length of the first stage of labour. Induction of labour with oxytocic agents is associated with greater blood loss. However, increased blood loss is not due to precipitate labour alone.
Extraction of tumor motion trajectories using PICCS-4DCBCT: A validation study (2011)

These results demonstrate accurate delineation of tumor motion trajectory can be achieved using PICCS-4DCBCT and the standard 1-min data acquisition.
Image cytometry accurately detects DNA ploidy abnormalities and predicts late relapse to high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus following photodynamic therapy (2010)

ICDA is accurate for the detection of DNA ploidy abnormalities when compared with FC. After histologically successful PDT, patients with residual aneuploidy are significantly more likely to develop HGD or cancer than those who become diploid. DNA ploidy by ICDA is a valuable prognostic biomarker after ablative therapy.
Three-co-ordinated complexes of cobalt(II) and nickel(I) containing bis-trimethylsilylamino- and triphenylphosphine-ligands (1972)

D. C. Bradley, M. B. Hursthouse, R. J. Smallwood and A. J. Welch, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1972, 872 DOI: 10.1039/C39720000872
Proposed Method for Predicting the Elastic Shear Force Capacity of a Cracked Web Panel (2013)

Abstract-The growth of a diagonal fatigue crack in an I-shaped transversely stiffened steel plate girder loaded under predominantly shear may degrade the shear strength of an individual web panel. Analytical expressions were derived for the residual shear force capacity of a cracked web panel. Several limit states were considered including shear yielding, web buckling, brittle fracture, and impending ductile failure. The expressions were validated with finite element analyses and employed to investigate the governing limit states and associated strengths of various web panel geometries. Web buckling was found to be the predominant governing limit state for realistically sized girders. The formulated expressions may be employed in the design and analysis of girders considering prescribed diagonal fatigue crack configurations. Keywords- plate girder; shear capacity; web panel; fatigue crack; residual strength; web buckling; fracture; stability. I.
<title>Limits of laser scattering defect inspection tools on patterned wafers</title> (1994)

Many kinds of systems are available to detect defects on patterned wafers using very different technical methods. The fastest and most widespread of these use the laser scattering technique. Some suppliers have now introduced many improvements into this laser scattering tool technique. The latest of these improvements involves multi-thresholding and Fourier masking. We evaluate the quality and limitation of these techniques. The results are obtained on the one hand under real conditions on the 0.8 and 0.5 micron products. On the other hand we have developed a special design on a reticule to ensure good reproducibility and to help us understand the running of the equipment. Sensitivity has been extensively studied. This criterion is very dependent on many parameters. The tool is sensitive to the orientation of the wafer. The capture rate on the design of known simulated defects gives results when using repetitive designs. The optical signal is difficult to correlate with the dimensional parameter of the defect. This feature depends on the technology of the system. This point is crucial when moving from the role of monitoring tool to one of defect tool.
Continuous Spore Disruption Using Radially Focused, High-Frequency Ultrasound (2001)

We report on the development of a novel, continuous-flow, radially focused ultrasonic disruptor capable of lysing Bacillus spores in the absence of added chemical denaturants, enzymes, or microparticles. Greater than 99% disruption was achieved for Bacillus globigii spores and Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis vegetative cells with sample residence times of 62, 12, and 12 s, respectively. Microscopic and SEM images indicated that at equivalent power levels, the incidence of cell death or loss of viability typically exceeded the efficiency of (visible) cell lysis. However, semiquantitative PCR showed up to a 1,000-fold increase in intracellular DNA availability from ultrasonically disrupted spores, and liberated DNA was intact and available for subsequent detection.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Manned Spacecraft Center data based requirements study (2013)

A study was conducted to evaluate the types of data that the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) should automate in order to make available essential management and technical information to support MSC's various functions and missions. In addition, the software and hardware capabilities to best handle the storage and retrieval of this data were analyzed. Based on the results of this study, recommendations are presented for a unified data base that provides a cost effective solution to MSC's data automation requirements. The recommendations are projected through a time frame that includes the earth orbit space station.
The hole role (2006)

The importance of holes in solid-state image sensors is described. Today's success of digital imaging is based on the positive effect of an accumulation layer that reduces the interface-related dark current and dark current fixed-pattern noise. This superb imaging feature is applied in CCD as well as in CMOS devices, in consumer as well as in professional equipment. Holes are not only used to improve the dark performance of imagers, other examples are fixing electrostatic potentials, creating gate structures, draining photon-generated charges and constructing output-amplifier stages
On-the-fly hand detection training with application in egocentric action recognition (2015)

We propose a novel approach to segment hand regions in egocentric video that requires no manual labeling of training samples. The user wearing a head-mounted camera is prompted to perform a simple gesture during an initial calibration step. A combination of color and motion analysis that exploits knowledge of the expected gesture is applied on the calibration video frames to automatically label hand pixels in an unsupervised fashion. The hand pixels identified in this manner are used to train a statistical-model-based hand detector. Superpixel region growing is used to perform segmentation refinement and improve robustness to noise. Experiments show that our hand detection technique based on the proposed on-the-fly training approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art techniques with respect to accuracy and robustness on a variety of challenging videos. This is due primarily to the fact that training samples are personalized to a specific user and environmental conditions. We also demonstrate the utility of our hand detection technique to inform an adaptive video sampling strategy that improves both computational speed and accuracy of egocentric action recognition algorithms. Finally, we offer an egocentric video dataset of an insulin self-injection procedure with action labels and hand masks that can serve towards future research on both hand detection and egocentric action recognition.
Microneedles for drug delivery: trends and progress (2014)

In recent years, there has been a surge in the research and development of microneedles (MNs), a transdermal delivery system that combines the technology of transdermal patches and hypodermic needles. The needles are in the hundreds of micron length range and therefore allow relatively little or no pain. For example, biodegradable MNs have been researched in the literature and have several advantages compared with solid or hollow MNs, as they produce non-sharp waste and can be designed to allow rapid or slow release of drugs. However, they also pose a disadvantage as successful insertion into the stratum corneum layer of the skin relies on sufficient mechanical strength of the biodegradable material. This review looks at the various technologies developed in MN research and shows the rapidly growing numbers of research papers and patent publications since the first invention of MNs (using time series statistical analysis). This provides the research and industry communities a valuable synopsis of the trends and progress being made in this field.
Polymerization of propene with highly isospecific. SiO<sub>2</sub>‐supported zirconocene catalysts activated with common alkylaluminiums (1994)

Abstract Several types of SiO 2 ‐supported metallocene catalysts were prepared using chemically modified silica gel. Polymerization of propene was conducted with these catalysts combined with methylaluminoxane (MAO) or ordinary alkylaluminiums. Highly isotactic poly(propylene) with high molecular weight was obtained by the catalysts whose zirconocene ligands were chemically immobilized on SiO 2 . The preparative methods of these catalysts and the results of propene polymerization, together with the analytical data of produced polymers, are reported in some detail.
Cavity-QED using quantum dots (2001)

Semiconductor quantum dots, also referred to as artificial atoms, provide a new paradigm for studying quantum optical phenomena. The effects of cavity-quantum electrodynamics (QED) can be investigated by use of a single quantum dot embedded in a photonic nanostructure. Since quantum dot location inside the cavity is fixed by growth, this system is free of the stringent trapping requirements that limit its atomic counterpart. Fabricating photonic nanostructures with ultrasmall cavity-mode volumes enhances the prospects for applications in quantum information processing.
Accuracy vs. performance in parallel simulation of interconnection networks (2002)

Parallel simulation is emerging as the dominant technique for studying parallel computers. However the interconnection networks of these machines can be modeled at many different levels of abstraction, allowing researchers to trade off accuracy and performance. We use the Wisconsin Wind Tunnel, a parallel simulator for cache-coherent shared-memory machines, to study the trade-offs of accuracy versus performance for six different network simulation models. We evaluate these models for a variety of parallel applications, cache-coherence protocols, and topologies. We show that only the two most expensive models-which model contention at individual links-are robust in the presence of high network loads or non-uniform traffic patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-Temperature Diffusion of Chromium in a Fine-Grained Austenitic Stainless Steel with Varying Dislocation Densities (1975)

Chromium tracer diffusion in a fine-grain austenitic stainless steel with varying dislocation densities has been analysed using exact solutions to the grain-boundary and dislocation problem. Down to ∼700°C the results could be explained in terms of lattice and grain-boundary diffusion components. The concentration profiles of tracer below 700°C, however, also required a dislocation component. No systematic dependence of the penetration profile on dislocation density was detected. The dislocation component was dominant at short times and led to an apparent enhancement of the lattice diffusion coefficient. Enhanced lattice diffusion by dislocations according to the Hart model was not observed in the temperature range studied even at high dislocation densities. If the accepted value of the dislocation-pipe diameter is assumed then it can be postulated that the lack of enhancement is due to the ratio D p/D L not being sufficiently high (i.e. D p/D L < 103). This implies that the dislocation-pipe diffusion coefficient is not similar to the grain-boundary diffusion coefficient as is generally assumed, but is several orders of magnitude lower.
Structuration and Enrichment of HTML Documents in order to Build a Specific Information Warehouse (2000)

Abstract- This paper presents a process to enrich the web document representation in order to supply an information warehouse and allow more precise queries than the web search engines do. This information warehouse is stored in an objectoriented database (OODB) so that powerful set-based query languages can be used. One of the main contributions of the paper is the HTML document enrichment while supplying the warehouse. This enrichment is based on the document decomposition and on the components indexing. These processes take into account the logical and the hyperlinking structures as well as the appearance of the Web documents. A prototype has been developed using the OODBMS O2.
Smad3 Prevents β-Catenin Degradation and Facilitates β-Catenin Nuclear Translocation in Chondrocytes (2010)

Our previous study demonstrated that transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta activates beta-catenin signaling through Smad3 interaction with beta-catenin in chondrocytes. In the present studies, we further investigated the detailed molecular mechanism of the cross-talk between TGF-beta/Smad3 and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways. We found that C-terminal Smad3 interacted with both the N-terminal region and the middle region of beta-catenin protein in a TGF-beta-dependent manner. Both Smad3 and Smad4 were required for the interaction with beta-catenin and protected beta-catenin from an ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation. In addition, the formation of the Smad3-Smad4-beta-catenin protein complex also mediated beta-catenin nuclear translocation. This Smad3-mediated regulatory mechanism of beta-catenin protein stability enhanced the activity of beta-catenin to activate downstream target genes during chondrogenesis. Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism between TGF-beta and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways during chondrocyte development.
Redesigning Employee Health Incentives — Lessons from Behavioral Economics (2011)

Redesigning Employee Health IncentivesStarting in 2014, employers will be able to use a portion of employees' health insurance premiums to provide outcome-based wellness incentives to try to cut health care costs. But evidence that such programs work is scant. Lessons from behavioral economics might help.
Polymer pendant crown thioethers: synthesis and HgII extraction studies of a novel thiacrown polymer (1998)

A novel C-substituted crown thioether has been synthesized and used to prepare a cross-linked polystyrene polymer containing pendant crown thioethers and that product has been shown to be effective in extracting HgII from acidic aqueous solutions.
Chitosan-Coated Electrodes for Bimodal Sensing: Selective Post-Electrode Film Reaction for Spectroelectrochemical Analysis (2008)

Electrochemical methods are well suited for chemical detection in hand-held devices because they are simple, fast, and sensitive. However, electrochemical detection methods generally suffer from limitations in selectivity. We report a novel approach that enables electrochemically initiated reactions to generate optical signals that can be used to enhance the discriminating power for the electrochemical analysis of antioxidant food phenols. This spectroelectrochemical approach employs transparent electrodes coated with a film of the aminopolysaccharide chitosan. The phenolic analytes diffuse through the chitosan film to the electrode where they are anodically oxidized into electrophilic intermediates that undergo postelectrode reactions with the chitosan film. The postelectrode reaction was analyzed by FTIR and XPS, and this reaction was observed to impart optical properties (color and UV-visible absorbance) to the otherwise colorless and transparent chitosan film. We demonstrate that the optical signal generated from the postelectrode film reaction is selective for oxidized phenols, compared to that for unoxidized phenols or the nonphenolic antioxidant ascorbic acid. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the optical signal (film absorbance) can be correlated to the electrical signal (charge transferred). Finally, we use simple mixtures to demonstrate that the coupling of information from independent optical and electrical measurement modes can assist in the qualitative analysis of antioxidant phenols. Potentially, the postelectrode film reaction may provide a selective and reagentless alternative to conventional colorimetric methods for detecting antioxidant phenols. In a broader perspective, this work suggests the potential for coupling independent detection modes (optical and electrical) to enhance the information content of sensor measurements.
Spectral properties of fluorescent flavoproteins of isolated rat liver mitochondria (1986)

The different flavoproteins contributing to flavin fluorescence of isolated rat liver mitochondria have distinct excitation and emission spectra. The NAD-linked flavin component was identified as alpha-lipoamide dehydrogenase, while the non-NAD-linked component was found to be electron transfer flavoprotein. The differences in excitation and emission properties of the mitochondrial flavoproteins permit selective recording of their redox state changes in isolated mitochondria.
Musclin is an activity-stimulated myokine that enhances physical endurance (2015)

Exercise remains the most effective way to promote physical and metabolic wellbeing, but molecular mechanisms underlying exercise tolerance and its plasticity are only partially understood. In this study we identify musclin-a peptide with high homology to natriuretic peptides (NP)-as an exercise-responsive myokine that acts to enhance exercise capacity in mice. We use human primary myoblast culture and in vivo murine models to establish that the activity-related production of musclin is driven by Ca(2+)-dependent activation of Akt1 and the release of musclin-encoding gene (Ostn) transcription from forkhead box O1 transcription factor inhibition. Disruption of Ostn and elimination of musclin secretion in mice results in reduced exercise tolerance that can be rescued by treatment with recombinant musclin. Reduced exercise capacity in mice with disrupted musclin signaling is associated with a trend toward lower levels of plasma atrial NP (ANP) and significantly smaller levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α in skeletal muscles after exposure to exercise. Furthermore, in agreement with the established musclin ability to interact with NP clearance receptors, but not with NP guanyl cyclase-coupled signaling receptors, we demonstrate that musclin enhances cGMP production in cultured myoblasts only when applied together with ANP. Elimination of the activity-related musclin-dependent boost of ANP/cGMP signaling results in significantly lower maximum aerobic capacity, mitochondrial protein content, respiratory complex protein expression, and succinate dehydrogenase activity in skeletal muscles. Together, these data indicate that musclin enhances physical endurance by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
Preparation of Nano Fe3O4/Polystyrene Composite Microspheres by in situ Polymerization (2003)

Carboxyl-functionalized magnetic microspheres were prepared by in situ polymerization of styrene and methyacrylic acid at 85°C in the presence of nano-Fe3O4 in styrene, using lauroyl peroxide as an initiator. The effects of the surfactant, the weight ratio of magnetite to styrene, the amount of monomer and initiator on the polymerization reaction and microsphere properties were investigated in detail. Transmission electron microscopy showed the property of the surfactant on the surface of nano-Fe3O4 determined the magnetite content and the distribution of the magnetite in the microspheres. The optimum conditions of the reaction were optimized. The adsorption result of bovine-γIgG proves that the magnetic microspheres have a potential wide application in the biological field.
The role of hydrophilic linkers (2002)

Abstract In microemulsion formulations, linker molecules are additives that can enhance the surfactant‐oil interaction (lipophilic linkers) or the surfactant‐water interaction (hydrophilic linkers). In this paper, the role of the hydrophilic linker is elucidated through solubilization studies, interfacial tension studies, and by studying the partitioning of the hydrophilic linker into an optimum middle phase. This research used alkyl naphthalene sulfonates as the hydrophilic linkers, sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate as the surfactant, and trichloroethylene as the oil phase. The hydrophilic linkers were found to have interfacial properties between a hydrotrope and a cosurfactant. More specifically, the data show that a hydrophilic linker is an amphiphile that coadsorbs with the surfactant at the oil/water interface but that has negligible interaction with the oil phase. The role of the hydrophilic linker can thus be interpreted as opening “holes” in the interface. Based on the characteristics of alkyl naphthalene linkers, carboxylic molecules were evaluated as hydrophilic linkers. For trichloroethylene microemulsions, sodium octanoate was found to be an alternative hydrophilic linker to sodium mono‐ and dimethyl naphthalene sulfonates.
Process and Reliability of Air-Gap Cu Interconnect Using 90-nm Node Technology (2005)

A self-aligned air-gap interconnect process was proposed. The key features include: 1) a simple process using a conventional Cu damascene process; 2) the combination of a sacrificial layer and a dry-etching process that do not cause any damage to Cu wires; 3) a self-aligned, maskless structure for gap formation; and 4) the preservation of mechanical integrity. In this paper, the air-gap Cu metallization was applied to 130- and 90-nm node CMOS. Four levels of Cu/air-gap interconnects were successfully fabricated and the reliability of the technology was investigated. There were distinct improvements of the leakage current and the time-dependent dielectric breakdown characteristic by the application of an air-gap. Moreover, the air-gap interconnect was further improved with a selective W sealing process. This results in a drastic reduction of the capacitance and the effective dielectric constant.