gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Powermitter: Data exfiltration from air-gapped computer through switching power supply (2018)

Air-gapped computers are isolated both logically and physically from all kinds of existing common communication channel, such as USB ports, wireless and wired networks. Although the feasibility of infiltrating an air-gapped computer has been proved in recent years, data exfiltration from such systems is still considered to be a challenging task. In this paper we present Powermitter, a novel approach that can exfiltrate data through an air-gapped computer via its power adapter. Our method utilizes the switched-mode power supply, which exists in all of the laptops, desktop computers and servers nowadays. We demonstrate that a malware can indirectly control the electromagnetic emission frequency of the power supply by leveraging the CPU utilization. Furthermore, we show that the emitted signals can be received and demodulated by a dedicated device. We present the proof of concept design of the power covert channel and implement a prototype of Powermitter consisting of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter leaks out data by using a variant binary frequency shift keying modulation, and the emitted signal can be captured and decoded by software based virtual oscilloscope through such covert channel. We tested Powermitter on three different computers. The experiment results show the feasibility of this power covert channel. We show that our method can also be used to leak data from different types of embedded systems which use switching power supply.
Neural correlates of attentional expertise in long-term meditation practitioners (2007)

Meditation refers to a family of mental training practices that are designed to familiarize the practitioner with specific types of mental processes. One of the most basic forms of meditation is concentration meditation, in which sustained attention is focused on an object such as a small visual stimulus or the breath. In age-matched participants, using functional MRI, we found that activation in a network of brain regions typically involved in sustained attention showed an inverted u-shaped curve in which expert meditators (EMs) with an average of 19,000 h of practice had more activation than novices, but EMs with an average of 44,000 h had less activation. In response to distracter sounds used to probe the meditation, EMs vs. novices had less brain activation in regions related to discursive thoughts and emotions and more activation in regions related to response inhibition and attention. Correlation with hours of practice suggests possible plasticity in these mechanisms.
Pyrazolo[4,3-<i>e</i>]1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-<i>c</i>]pyrimidine Derivatives as Highly Potent and Selective Human A<sub>3</sub>Adenosine Receptor Antagonists:  Influence of the Chain at the N<sup>8</sup>Pyrazole Nitrogen (2000)

An enlarged series of pyrazolotriazolopyrimidines previously reported, in preliminary form (Baraldi et al. J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 4473-4478), as highly potent and selective human A(3) adenosine receptor antagonists is described. The synthesized compounds showed A(3) adenosine receptor affinity in the sub-nanomolar range and high levels of selectivity evaluated in radioligand binding assays at human A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) adenosine receptors. In particular, the effect of the chain at the N(8) pyrazole nitrogen was analyzed. This study allowed us to identify the derivative with the methyl group at the N(8) pyrazole combined with the 4-methoxyphenylcarbamoyl moiety at the N(5) position as the compound with the best binding profile in terms of both affinity and selectivity (hA(3) = 0.2 nM, hA(1)/hA(3) = 5485, hA(2A)/hA(3) = 6950, hA(2B)/hA(3) = 1305). All the compounds proved to be full antagonists in a specific functional model where the inhibition of cAMP generation by IB-MECA was measured in membranes of CHO cells stably transfected with the human A(3) receptor. The new compounds are among the most potent and selective A(3) antagonists so far described. The derivatives with higher affinity at human A(3) adenosine receptors proved to be antagonists, in the cAMP assay, capable of inhibiting the effect of IB-MECA with IC(50) values in the nanomolar range, with a trend strictly similar to that observed in the binding assay. Also a molecular modeling study was carried out, with the aim to identify possible pharmacophore maps. In fact, a sterically controlled structure-activity relationship was found for the N(8) pyrazole substituted derivatives, showing a correlation between the calculated molecular volume of pyrazolo[4,3-e]1,2, 4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives and their experimental K(i) values.
Inactivation of Thrombin by Antithrombin Is Accompanied by Inactivation of Regulatory Exosite I (1997)

Exosite I of the blood clotting proteinase, thrombin, mediates interactions of the enzyme with certain inhibitors, physiological substrates and regulatory proteins. Specific binding of a fluorescein-labeled derivative of the COOH-terminal dodecapeptide of hirudin ([5F] Hir54-65) to exosite I was used to probe changes in the function of the regulatory site accompanying inactivation of thrombin by its physiological serpin inhibitor, antithrombin. Fluorescence-monitored equilibrium binding studies showed that [5F]Hir54-65 and Hir54-65 bound to human alpha-thrombin with dissociation constants of 26 +/- 2 nM and 38 +/- 5 nM, respectively, while the affinity of the peptides for the stable thrombin-antithrombin complex was undetectable (>/=200-fold weaker). Kinetic studies showed that the loss of binding sites for [5F]Hir54-65 occurred with the same time-course as the loss of thrombin catalytic activity. Binding of [5F] Hir54-65 and Hir54-65 to thrombin was correlated quantitatively with partial inhibition of the rate of the thrombin-antithrombin reaction, maximally decreasing the bimolecular rate constants 1.7- and 2.1-fold, respectively. These results support a mechanism in which thrombin and the thrombin-Hir54-65 complex can associate with antithrombin and undergo formation of the covalent thrombin-antithrombin complex at modestly different rates, with inactivation of exosite I leading to dissociation of the peptide occurring subsequent to the rate-limiting inactivation of thrombin. This mechanism may function physiologically in localizing the activity of thrombin by allowing inactivation of thrombin that is bound in exosite I-mediated complexes with regulatory proteins, such as thrombomodulin and fibrin, without prior dissociation of these complexes. Concomitant with inactivation of thrombin, the thrombin-antithrombin complex may be irreversibly released due to exosite I inactivation.
Numerical Model for Fluid Spin-Up From Rest in a Partially Filled Cylinder (1987)

A numerical investigation is presented for the axisymmetric spin-up of fluid in a partially filled cylindrical cavity. It is an extension of earlier analyses to those cases where the liquid free surface intersects one or both endwalls. Previous models of the laminar Ekman layer pumping are modified heuristically for situations where the layer(s) no longer covers the entire wall. Numerical results for a range of Reynolds number, Froude number, and fill ratio have been obtained. They clearly demonstrae that it is the bottom wall Ekman layer which is primarily responsible for spin-up.
Dynamics of excimer laser-ablated aluminum neutral atom plume measured by dye laser resonance absorption photography (1991)

We report the first dye laser resonance absorption photographs of a single species of aluminum ground-state neutral atoms in the plume ablated from solid aluminum by KrF excimer laser radiation. Aluminum ground-state neutral atoms were diagnosed by illuminating the ablated plume with a dye laser tuned to the 32P1/2–42S1/2 transition at 394.4 nm. Measurements have been performed in vacuum as well as in argon and air environments. Streaming velocities measured for neutral aluminum atoms in vacuum ranged from 0.5×106 cm/s at low excimer laser fluences of 1–2 J/cm2 to 3.4×106 cm/s at high fluences of 7 J/cm2. Dye laser resonance absorption photography measurements of ablated aluminum in argon and air showed slower expansion at 50 and 200 Torr, while observations at 760 Torr indicate turbulent mixing of aluminum neutrals near the surface. Differences between data in argon and air may be due to oxidation of neutral aluminum atoms.
Synthesis of Potentially Antineoplastic Derivatives of N‐[<i>N</i>‐(2‐Chloroethyl)‐<i>N</i>‐nitrosocarbamoyl]amino Acids (1981)

Abstract The synthesis of N ‐[ N ‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐ N ‐nitrosocarbamoyl]amino acids and their anilides, congeners of N ‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐ N ‐nitrosoureas, as potential antineoplastic substances is reported. N ‐[ N ‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐ N ‐nitrosocarbamoyl]amino acids are prepared by reaction of amino acids with N ‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐ N ‐nitrosocarbamoyl azide. Corresponding anilides and toluidides are obtained by condensation of the primary reaction products with aniline and toluidine using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
Electronic Structure of Impurities in Ferromagnetic Iron. I.<i>s</i>,<i>p</i>Valence Impurities (1985)

The electronic structure of impurity atoms (atomic number Z =1–56) in ferromagnetic iron is calculated self-consistently by the Green function method in the local density approximation of the spin-density functional approach. The calculation * corresponds to an improvement and the extension of the previous work by Yoshida, Terakura and Kanamori. The mechanism proposed by them for the observed systematic variation in the hyperfine field and the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time of impurity nuclei for substitutional impurities with Z ≥10 is confirmed on the basis of the present self-consistent calculation which is carried out systematically for the first time.
A differential measurement SAW device for passive remote sensoring (2002)

The application of differential measurement to suppress unwanted dependencies is a well known method in SAW sensoring. Usually these applications exploit a Two-Delay-Line- or Two-Resonator-Circuitry where the difference of two frequencies ideally depends only on the variable to be measured. This approach can be used to greatly reduce temperature dependence of certain sensors. However this circuitry cannot be operated passively, which is a clear demand for remote sensor systems. For an application in wireless remote sensor systems, a new conception of SAW sensor device has been developed to reduce the disturbing influences of the radio channel. The device consists of two SAW resonators with different center frequencies. The difference of the two center frequencies is almost independent of influences in the radio channel.
Investigation of a 40-in high-definition flat CRT. (1990)

高品位テレビへの応用を目的として, 大型フラットCRTの開発を行っている.その要素技術として, (1) パネル容器を軽量化する針状支柱構造, (2) 偏向感度を向上させ, ビーム歪みのない多段型水平偏向電極, (3) 電子源のエミッション特性を均一化するビーム電流フィードバック法, (4) ビームランディングと変調信号の位相ずれをなくするランディング制御法, (5) セクション間の色の差を低減する走査法を検討し, 40''パネルの約1/8のスクリーンサイズを持つ実験パネルを試作し, 容器軽量化と画質均一性の実現の可能性を示した.
Ohwada Takeki and his <I>Ohbei Meika Shishu</I> (1990)

My object in writing this paper is to disclose European and American poets' real names selected and their poems translated into Japanese by Ohwada Takeki for his book Ohbei Meika Shishu (Selected Poems from the works of the Famous European and American Authors, 1894) and discuss his way of translating European and American poetry into Japanese and the characteristics that distinguish the book from other Japanese translation books of Western poetry.Ohwada Takeki was born on 29th of April, 1857, in the province of Iyo where is now called Ehime Prefecture and died a scholar in Japanese literature at the age of 54, in 1910, in Tokyo. During his life he wrote his 97 books, 154 volumes of his travel diary and many dozens of his songs. Among them, the book is well-known to the Japanese and may deserve to be studied in the field of historical studies of English poetry translated to suit Japanese readers.Almost twelve years earlier than the book appeared, a book entitled Shin-Taishi Sho (A Selection of Poems in New Style, 1882) was published by Maruya Zenshichi in Tokyo. By publishing this book the three co-authors may be said to have tried a literary experiment in writing their poetry in new style.Ohwada Takeki chose 65 European and American poets and their 106 poems for the book and translated them into Japanese poems in new style, I should say, to improve the results of the experiment.Focusing on 99 English and American poems from among 106 poems taken in the book, it might be worth noting that they were familiar to the Japanese of those days; all the images of nature and human life are dealt with in them; they took their share in the making of the literary movement towards romanticism in history of Japanese litrature; they are quite different from English poetry which the Japanese poets of the symbolist school were influenced by; and they are translated in the middle way between paraphrase and imitation according to Dryden's theory of translation, therefore, Ohwada Takeki's aim was, I may add, to translate poetry, not simply the words of poems.
Treatment of Stable and Recalcitrant Vitiligo by Autologous Miniature Punch Grafting: A Prospective Study of 1,000 Patients (1999)

Partial to near-total repigmentation of a vitiligo patch can be achieved by PG.
Visiads: A vision-based advertising platform for camera phones (2009)

In this demonstration, we present VisiAds, a vision-based online advertising platform which allows advertisers to bid on image content as opposed to text keywords. The demonstration shows an implementation of the platform designed specifically for mobile application scenarios. It can be used by advertisers to trigger and deliver multiple advertisements based on a query image captured from a consumer-grade cellular phone with an embedded camera.
Poststratification Without Population Level Information on the Poststratifying Variable With Application to Political Polling (2001)

We investigate the construction of more precise estimates of a collection of population means using information about a related variable in the context of repeated sample surveys. The method is illustrated using poll results concerning presidential approval rating (our related variable is political party identification). We use poststratification to construct these improved estimates, but because we do not have population level information on the poststratifying variable, we construct a model for the manner in which the poststratifier develops over time. In this manner, we obtain more precise estimates without making possibly untenable assumptions about the dynamics of our variable of interest, the presidential approval rating.
Electrochemical Degradation of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater. Part 1. COD and Color Removal (2006)

The electrochemical degradation of agri-based paper mill wastewater (black liquor) was investigated in a 2 dm3 electrolytic batch reactor using iron plate electrodes. Of the four-, six-, and eight-plate configurations, a current density of 55.56 A/m2 at neutral pH with a six-plate arrangement was found to be optimal, achieving a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal of 80% and 90% (175 platinum−cobalt units (PCU)), respectively. The chemical dissolution of iron was strongly influenced by pH0. Electrochemical treatment at higher pH0 (pH0 ≥ 9) increases the dissolution of iron electrodes by an order of magnitude. At the optimal current density, the iron electrode consumed is 31.27 g/m2·h, achieving maximum COD removal. An increase in salinity reduces the treatment time significantly, and the sludge settling characteristics also improve. The addition of polyacrylamide (10 mg/dm3) to the electrochemical reactor enhances the COD removal rate with a very short treatment time with excellent sludge settleability. Specific energy consumption (SEC) reduces from 6.64 to 5.73 kWh/kg of COD removed with the addition of NaCl (625 mg/dm3). The posttreatment of electrochemically treated wastewater by chemical coagulation using alum (360 mg/dm3) along with 20 mg/dm3 polyacrylamide (PAA) further reduced COD values to <180 mg/dm3 and a near 100% (<5 PCU) color removal. An overall COD removal of 91% and color removal of near 100% could be achieved by electrochemical treatment followed by coagulation/flocculation.
Sugar Alcohols as Bulk Sweeteners (1989)

The polyols are a family of bulk sweeteners, some of which are currently used in the United States and in other nations. The use of these compounds is likely to increase in the future. The greatest advantage of polyols as sweeteners is their reduced cariogenicity compared with sucrose, fructose, or glucose. This reduced cariogenicity has been observed with all of the polyols considered in this review. Furthermore, evidence suggests that one of these polyols, xylitol, may have cariostatic properties. More research is needed to clarify the mechanism of this cariostatic effect. Evidence suggests that moderate usage of the polyols in human diets over long periods is not likely to produce many toxic effects. This conclusion is supported by the facts that (a) both sorbitol and mannitol have been used as sweeteners for some time without apparent side effects, and (b) extensive long-term studies with dietary xylitol in Europe have not yielded any reports of toxicity. At this point there is no reason to believe that the disaccharide polyols differ significantly in a qualitative sense from sorbitol or mannitol with regard to their effects in humans. There are some research needs with regard to the inclusion of the polyol sweeteners in human diets: 1. All of the polyols can cause osmotic diarrhea in humans if higher levels are consumed. This fact is noted in the labelling of products containing mannitol and sorbitol in the United States (see "Current Regulatory Status"). If the disaccharide polyols are to be used as bulk sweeteners, further studies of the dose levels that can cause diarrhea may be needed. 2. The polyols, like other slowly absorbed carbohydrates, enhance the absorption of certain minerals, particularly divalent cations. More comparative and mechanistic studies of this effect are needed. 3. All of the polyols, lactose, and other slowly absorbed carbohydrates appear to cause adrenal medullary hyperplasia at high doses in laboratory rats. Evidence suggests that these lesions are linked in some way to the lactose or polyol-induced changes in calcium homeostasis. Despite long-term use of lactose, sorbitol, and mannitol in human diets, similar lesions in humans have not been reported and some investigators have concluded that the lesion in rats has no relevance to humans. Nevertheless further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of the dietary lactose and polyol-induced adrenal hyperplasias in rats to ascertain definitively if they also operate in other species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Adsorption and oxidation of hydrocarbons on noble metal electrodes. V. Relation of "reduced carbon dioxide" to adsorbed hydrocarbons (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption and oxidation of hydrocarbons on noble metal electrodes. V. Relation of "reduced carbon dioxide" to adsorbed hydrocarbonsS. Barry Brummer and Mary Jane TurnerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1967, 71, 12, 3902–3906Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100871a026https://doi.org/10.1021/j100871a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Preparation and Studies of 19F-Labeled and Enriched 13C-Labeled Semisynthetic Ribonuclease-s' Analogues (1973)

Abstract Isotopically normal and both 19F- and enriched 13C-containing analogue forms of semisynthetic ribonuclease-S' (SRNase-S') have been prepared. This noncovalent complex contains the polypeptide fragments synthetic-(1–15) (the solid phase synthesized peptide corresponding to residues 1 through 15 of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase-A)) and RNase-S-(21–124) (the native fragment of RNase A containing residues 21 through 124). The normal SRNase-S' complex, obtained after mixing crude synthetic-(1–15) with the corresponding native fragment and subsequently fractionating on Sulfoethyl-Sephadex, was equally as active as native ribonuclease-S' (RNase-S') (which contains the NH2-terminal eicosapeptide fragment of RNase A instead of the pentadecapeptide). The analogues, containing either carbon 13-enriched phenylalanine or p-fluorophenylalanine (fluorine as naturally occurring 19F) at position 8 (the [Phe8-13C] and [pFPhe8] analogues, respectively), were purified by similar procedures to a state about equally as active enzymically as the normal complex. The normal and analogue complexes, as well as the component synthetic-(1–15) peptides and native RNase-S', were characterized, where appropriate, by either 13C or 19F proton noise-decoupled Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. There are several significant changes in the 13C NMR chemical shift values of the enriched carbon atoms between [Phe8-13C] synthetic-(1–15) and [Phe8-13C]SRNase-S', indicating the occurrence of changes in environment at specific phenylalanine 8 loci when SRNase-S' complex is formed from isolated fragments. Chemical shift changes for some of the enriched carbon atoms are also observed when 2'-cytidine monophosphate (2'-CMP) is added to [Phe8-13C]SRNase-S'. Additionally, the spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) for some of the en riched ring carbons have been monitored and found to decrease progressively in going through the transition of (1–15) peptide to SRNase-S' complex to complex plus 2'-CMP. The above changes in chemical shift and T1 values have been interpreted in terms of (a) formation of the phenylalanine 8-containing NH2-terminal α-helix, and concomitant introduction of the phenylalanine 8 side chain into a nonpolar, sterically rigid environment, which occur when SRNase-S' folds, and (b) localized structural changes around the phenylalanine side chain when 2'-CMP binds to the folded complex. The transitions of (1–15) peptide to SRNase-S' complex and of this complex upon addition of 2'-CMP were also observed by 19F NMR using [pFPhe8]synthetic-(1–15) and [pFPhe8]SRNase-S'.
Real-time flutter identification (1985)

The techniques and a FORTRAN 77 MOdal Parameter IDentification (MOPID) computer program developed for identification of the frequencies and damping ratios of multiple flutter modes in real time are documented. Physically meaningful model parameterization was combined with state of the art recursive identification techniques and applied to the problem of real time flutter mode monitoring. The performance of the algorithm in terms of convergence speed and parameter estimation error is demonstrated for several simulated data cases, and the results of actual flight data analysis from two different vehicles are presented. It is indicated that the algorithm is capable of real time monitoring of aircraft flutter characteristics with a high degree of reliability.