gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raman Spectroscopy (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTRaman SpectroscopyShawn P. Mulvaney and Christine D. KeatingView Author Information Department of Chemistry, 152 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 12, 145–158Publication Date (Web):May 10, 2000Publication History Published online10 May 2000Published inissue 1 June 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/a10000155https://doi.org/10.1021/a10000155review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14263Altmetric-Citations166LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Dyes and pigments,Fluorescence,Genetics,Nanoparticles,Raman spectroscopy Get e-Alerts
The Oxides and Hydroxides of Iron and Their Structural Inter-Relationships (1959)

The transformations ia-x the iron oxide-hydroxide system have been interpreted in a rational crystallochemical manner, some bring characterized as topotactic and some as non-topotacfic. Crystallographic measurements have been made on the more reactive or metastable phases, particularly on the green rusts. The oxyhydroxides ~-]~eOOFI and ~-FeOOH have been examined more fully, but data on ald the phases have been checked. New data on transformations, such as FeCOa---> FeO and Fe(OH)~-+ FeO are reported.
Differential MicroRNA Expression in Human Macrophages with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Beijing/W and Non-Beijing/W Strain Types (2015)

We showed for the first time that the Beijing/W TB strains repressed a number of miRNAs expressions which may reflect their virulence characteristics in altering the host response. The unique signatures of 11 microRNAs may deserve further evaluation as candidates for biomarkers in the diagnosis of MTB and Beijing/W infections.
Inter-Laboratory Evaluation of the COBAS INTEGRA® 400 Analytical System (2001)

COBAS INTEGRA 400 is a random-access analytical system consolidating assays for clinical chemistry analytes, electrolytes, serum proteins, drugs of abuse and therapeutic drugs. Analytical performance and practicability of the instrument were evaluated in seven laboratories over a 2-year period in parallel with system development. Good within-run and total imprecision for all assays was observed with a few exceptions for specimen pools with low concentration or activity. The coefficients of variation for total imprecision were well below 3.0% for clinical chemistry analytes and electrolytes, and below 5.0% for serum proteins and therapeutic drugs. Method comparisons demonstrated a good agreement with the various systems used for comparison, with slopes varying typically from 0.94 to 1.05, and Spearman correlation coefficient generally > 0.975. Accuracy was verified by recovery of controls and certified reference materials within 90 to 110% of target values. Assay ranges were linear within +/- 5%. No carry-over on reagent or sample pipetting systems was observed. Manufacturer-specified interference limits and onboard stabilities of reagents were confirmed. A time study for calculating direct personnel times and total processing time was carried out in three laboratories under different conditions including consolidated, STAT and dedicated use. On a scenario-independent basis, the total working time was shorter on the COBAS INTEGRA 400 than on routine systems in all three laboratories. Personnel time, in particular, was significantly reduced when compared to routine instruments. In general, system practicability was judged very positively in all laboratories. Owing to its versatility, the instrument is best placed as a consolidated workstation in small- to medium-sized laboratories or as an instrument for special determinations such as serum proteins, drugs, urinalysis or emergency analyses in large laboratories.
Virulence determinants of pandemic influenza viruses (2011)

Influenza A viruses cause recurrent, seasonal epidemics and occasional global pandemics with devastating levels of morbidity and mortality. The ability of influenza A viruses to adapt to various hosts and undergo reassortment events ensures constant generation of new strains with unpredictable degrees of pathogenicity, transmissibility, and pandemic potential. Currently, the combination of factors that drives the emergence of pandemic influenza is unclear, making it impossible to foresee the details of a future outbreak. Identification and characterization of influenza A virus virulence determinants may provide insight into genotypic signatures of pathogenicity as well as a more thorough understanding of the factors that give rise to pandemics.
Crystal structure of Zika virus NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (2017)

The current Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak became a global health threat of complex epidemiology and devastating neurological impacts, therefore requiring urgent efforts towards the development of novel efficacious and safe antiviral drugs. Due to its central role in RNA viral replication, the non-structural protein 5 (NS5) RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) is a prime target for drug discovery. Here we describe the crystal structure of the recombinant ZIKV NS5 RdRp domain at 1.9 Å resolution as a platform for structure-based drug design strategy. The overall structure is similar to other flaviviral homologues. However, the priming loop target site, which is suitable for non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor design, shows significant differences in comparison with the dengue virus structures, including a tighter pocket and a modified local charge distribution.
Cationized gelatin delivery of a plasmid DNA expressing small interference RNA for VEGF inhibits murine squamous cell carcinoma (2006)

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) plays a major role in RNA interference (RNAi), a process in which segments of dsRNA are initially cleaved by the Dicer into shorter segments (21-23 nt) called small interfering RNA (siRNA). These siRNA then specifically target homologous mRNA molecules causing them to be degraded by cellular ribonucleases. RNAi down regulates endogenous gene expression in mammalian cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key molecule in vasculogenesis as well as in angiogenesis. Tumor growth is an angiogenesis-dependent process, and therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting angiogenesis are theoretically attractive. To investigate the feasibility of using siRNA for VEGF in the specific knockdown of VEGF mRNA, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis, we have performed experiments with a DNA vector based on a siRNA system that targets VEGF (siVEGF). It almost completely inhibited the expression of three different isoforms (VEGF120, VEGF164 and VEGF188) of VEGF mRNA and the secretion of VEGF protein in mouse squamous cell carcinoma NRS-1 cells. The siVEGF released from cationized gelatin microspheres suppressed tumor growth in vivo. A marked reduction in vascularity accompanied the inhibition of a siVEGF-transfected tumor. Fluorescent microscopic study showed that the complex of siVEGF with cationized gelatin microspheres was still present around the tumor 10 days after injection, while free siVEGF had vanished by that time. siVEGF gene therapy increased the fraction of vessels covered by pericytes and induced expression of angiopoietin-1 by pericytes. These data suggest that cationized-gelatin microspheres containing siVEGF can be used to normalize tumor vasculature and inhibit tumor growth in a NRS-1 squamous cell carcinoma xenograft model.
Barkhausen transitions in single layer and bilayer thin permalloy films (1994)

The low coercivity of uniaxial thin nickel-iron multilayer films, prepared according to E. W. Hill, J. P. Li, and J. K. Birtwistle [J. Appl. Phys. 69, 4526 (1991)], makes them attractive for magnetic sensor applications. Barkhausen jumps, causing noise, limit the performance of such sensors. It has been reported [R. F. Soohoo, J. Appl. Phys. 69, 5871 (1991)] that, for any given sample under identical initial conditions, these Barkhausen jumps are deterministic rather than noisy in nature. This is consistent with the fact that the defect structure of a given sample is deterministic. This study compares power spectra and coercivity distributions from Barkhausen pulses obtained by applying varying alternating fields to thin permalloy films. The effect of an orthogonal bias field is also examined. The samples under examination consist of both single layer and bilayer films, produced as continuous layers by vacuum evaporation and ion milled into 40 mm diameter discs. The permalloy is of 80/20 composition and has a total thickness of 100 nm. The bilayer films have a nonmagnetic tantalum interlayer of thickness 5 nm. The rate of change of the applied field was varied between 2918.4 and 11.4 Oe/s, at an initial amplitude of 90 Oe. The results show that the Barkhausen pulses have a strong deterministic trend, but also contain a smaller nondeterministic component. As the frequency and amplitude are decreased, this random effect becomes larger. As might be expected when an orthogonal bias field is applied to the samples, the amplitudes of the pulses are decreased. The films also exhibit a corresponding reduction in coercivity.
Latency-Associated Transcript (LAT) Exon 1 Controls Herpes Simplex Virus Species-Specific Phenotypes: Reactivation in the Guinea Pig Genital Model and Neuron Subtype-Specific Latent Expression of LAT (2009)

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 cause similar acute infections but differ in their abilities to reactivate from trigeminal and lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia. During latency, HSV-1 and HSV-2 also preferentially express their latency-associated transcripts (LATs) in different sensory neuronal subtypes that are positive for A5 and KH10 markers, respectively. Chimeric virus studies showed that LAT region sequences influence both of these viral species-specific phenotypes. To further map the LAT region sequences responsible for these phenotypes, we constructed the chimeric virus HSV2-LAT-E1, in which exon 1 (from the LAT TATA to the intron splice site) was replaced by the corresponding sequence from HSV-1 LAT. In intravaginally infected guinea pigs, HSV2-LAT-E1 reactivated inefficiently relative to the efficiency of its rescuant and wild-type HSV-2, but it yielded similar levels of viral DNA, LAT, and ICP0 during acute and latent infection. HSV2-LAT-E1 preferentially expressed the LAT in A5+ neurons (as does HSV-1), while the chimeric viruses HSV2-LAT-P1 (LAT promoter swap) and HSV2-LAT-S1 (LAT sequence swap downstream of the promoter) exhibited neuron subtype-specific latent LAT expression phenotypes more similar to that of HSV-2 than that of HSV-1. Rescuant viruses displayed the wild-type HSV-2 phenotypes of efficient reactivation in the guinea pig genital model and a tendency to express LAT in KH10+ neurons. The region that is critical for HSV species-specific differences in latency and reactivation thus lies between the LAT TATA and the intron splice site, and minor differences in the 5' ends of chimeric sequences in HSV2-LAT-E1 and HSV2-LAT-S1 point to sequences immediately downstream of the LAT TATA.
A Systems Approach for Data Compression and Latency Reduction in Cortically Controlled Brain Machine Interfaces (2006)

This paper suggests a new approach for data compression during extracutaneous transmission of neural signals recorded by high-density microelectrode array in the cortex. The approach is based on exploiting the temporal and spatial characteristics of the neural recordings in order to strip the redundancy and infer the useful information early in the data stream. The proposed signal processing algorithms augment current filtering and amplification capability and may be a viable replacement to on chip spike detection and sorting currently employed to remedy the bandwidth limitations. Temporal processing is devised by exploiting the sparseness capabilities of the discrete wavelet transform, while spatial processing exploits the reduction in the number of physical channels through quasi-periodic eigendecomposition of the data covariance matrix. Our results demonstrate that substantial improvements are obtained in terms of lower transmission bandwidth, reduced latency and optimized processor utilization. We also demonstrate the improvements qualitatively in terms of superior denoising capabilities and higher fidelity of the obtained signals.
Hidden Markov Models for Forex Trends Prediction (2014)

Foreign Exchange (Forex) market is a complex and challenging task for prediction due to uncertainty movement of exchange rate. However, these movements over timeframe also known as historical Forex data that offered a generic repeated trend patterns. This paper uses the features extracted from trend patterns to model and predict the next day trend. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) is applied to learn the historical trend patterns, and use to predict the next day movement trends. We use the 2011 Forex historical data of Australian Dollar (AUS) and European Union Dollar (EUD) against the United State Dollar (USD) for modeling, and the 2012 and 2013 Forex historical data for validating the proposed model. The experimental results show outperforms prediction result for both years.
A 17-Month Evaluation of a Chlorine Dioxide Water Treatment System to Control <i>Legionella</i> Species in a Hospital Water Supply (2003)

Our results indicate that operation of a chlorine dioxide system effectively removed Legionella species from a hospital water supply. Furthermore, we found that the system was safe, as levels of chlorine dioxide and chlorite were below EPA limits. The system did not appear to cause increased corrosion of copper pipes. Our results indicate that chlorine dioxide may hold promise as a solution to the problem of Legionella contamination of hospital water supplies.
<title>Economic impact of single-wafer multiprocessors</title> (1991)

Single wafer multiprocessors generally in the form of cluster tools are gaining increasing importance in commercial semiconductor product manufacture. This paper describes potential cost-related and timerelated advantages that could come from the multipmcessors. Next hypothetical conventional and clusterbased fabs are simulated. The simulations results are discussed in terms of their evidence for the cost and time advantages of the fabs. One general conclusion is that cluster tools can be used to achieve very short throughput times at a premium cost per wafer. Finally based on the potential advantages and the simulation results three areas of non-process issues are discussed which will determine the extent of the multiprocessors'' economic utility. These areas are cost time and fab management related. 1
Multimodal biometric authentication based on the fusion of finger vein and finger geometry (2009)

We propose a new multimodal biometric recognition based on the fusion of finger vein and finger geometry. This research shows three novelties compared to previous works. First, this is the first approach to combine the finger vein and finger geometry information at the same time. Second, the proposed method includes a new finger geometry recognition based on the sequential deviation values of finger thickness extracted from a single finger. Third, we integrate finger vein and finger geometry by a score-level fusion method based on a support vector machine. Results show that recognition accuracy is significantly enhanced using the proposed method.
Effect of Temperature on Transmission in Lightguides (1979)

Temperature effects on refractive index have been studied by monitoring pulse propagation delays in fiber-optic lightguides for temperatures between −40 and 67°C. Loss and dispersion properties did not change significantly from their room temperature values.
Comparative Study of a Fault-Tolerant Multiphase Wound-Field Doubly Salient Machine for Electrical Actuators (2015)

New multiphase Wound-Field Doubly Salient Machines (WFDSMs) for electrical actuators with symmetric phases are investigated and compared in this paper. With a comparative study of the pole number and pole arc coefficient, the salient pole topology of the three-phase, four-phase, five-phase, and six-phase WFDSMs with little cogging torque is presented. A new winding configuration that can provide symmetrical phases for the multiphase WFDSMs is proposed. Suitable fault-tolerant converters for the multiphase WFDSM are presented. With the simulated results in terms of the pole topology, flux linkage, back EMF and converters, it can be concluded that the pole numbers of the new five-phase WFDSM are very large. The high accuracy position sensors should be required to make the five-phase WFDSM commutate frequently and accurately at a high speed. The four-phase and the six-phase WFDSM can be divided into two isolated channels, and both of them have a good performance as a fault-tolerant machine. All of the investigations are verified by finite element analysis results.
A bacteriophages journey through the human body (2017)

The human body is colonized by a diverse collective of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. The smallest entity of this microbial conglomerate are the bacterial viruses. Bacteriophages, or phages for short, exert significant selective pressure on their bacterial hosts, undoubtedly influencing the human microbiome and its impact on our health and well-being. Phages colonize all niches of the body, including the skin, oral cavity, lungs, gut, and urinary tract. As such our bodies are frequently and continuously exposed to diverse collections of phages. Despite the prevalence of phages throughout our bodies, the extent of their interactions with human cells, organs, and immune system is still largely unknown. Phages physically interact with our mucosal surfaces, are capable of bypassing epithelial cell layers, disseminate throughout the body and may manipulate our immune system. Here, I establish the novel concept of an "intra-body phageome," which encompasses the collection of phages residing within the classically "sterile" regions of the body. This review will take a phage-centric view of the microbiota, human body, and immune system with the ultimate goal of inspiring a greater appreciation for both the indirect and direct interactions between bacteriophages and their mammalian hosts.
New Orally Active Dual Enkephalinase Inhibitors (DENKIs) for Central and Peripheral Pain Treatment (2014)

Protecting enkephalins, endogenous opioid peptides released in response to nociceptive stimuli, is an innovative approach for acute and neuropathic pain alleviation. This is achieved by inhibition of their enzymatic degradation by two membrane-bound Zn-metallopeptidases, neprilysin (NEP, EC 3.4.24.11) and aminopeptidase N (APN, EC 3.4.11.2). Selective and efficient inhibitors of both enzymes, designated enkephalinases, have been designed that markedly increase extracellular concentrations and half-lives of enkephalins, inducing potent antinociceptive effects. Several chemical families of Dual ENKephalinase Inhibitors (DENKIs) have previously been developed but devoid of oral activity. We report here the design and synthesis of new pro-drugs, derived from co-drugs combining a NEP and an APN inhibitor through a disulfide bond with side chains improving oral bioavailability. Their pharmacological properties were assessed in various animal models of pain targeting central and/or peripheral opioid systems. Considering its efficacy in acute and neuropathic pain, one of these new DENKIs, 19-IIIa, was selected for clinical development.
Searching for Surprise. (2016)

Inspired by the notion of surprise for unconventional discovery in computational creativity, we introduce a general search algorithm we name surprise search. Surprise search is grounded in the divergent search paradigm and is fabricated within the principles of metaheuristic (evolutionary) search. The algorithm mimics the self-surprise cognitive process of creativity and equips computational creators with the ability to search for outcomes that deviate from the algorithm’s expected behavior. The predictive model of expected outcomes is based on historical trails of where the search has been and some local information about the search space. We showcase the basic steps of the algorithm via a problem solving (maze navigation) and a generative art task. What distinguishes surprise search from other forms of divergent search, such as the search for novelty, is its ability to diverge not from earlier and seen outcomes but rather from predicted and unseen points in the creative domain considered.
Epitaxial lift-off GaAs LEDs to Si for fabrication of opto-electronic integrated circuits (1990)

We report, for the first time, the successful integration of GaAs LEDs on Si using the epitaxial lift-off technique. LEDs were processed after the transfer and could be aligned to features on the Si substrate. LED contacts were defined on both sides of the thin layer. Operation characteristics similar to those of LEDs grown on GaAs were observed. This realisation holds out interesting prospects in the fabrication of quasi-monolithic opto-electronic integrated circuits.
The Effect of a Metalloproteinase Inhibitor (GI5402) on Tumor Necrosis Factor- (TNF-) and TNF- Receptors During Human Endotoxemia (1999)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is released from the cell surface by cleavage of pro-TNF-alpha by metalloproteinases (MPs). In cell cultures, inhibition of MPs has been found not only to reduce the release of TNF-alpha, but also to enhance the surface expression of TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha receptors, which might lead to a proinflammatory effect. To determine the effect of MP inhibition during inflammation in humans, 7 healthy subjects were studied after intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 4 ng/kg) preceded (-20 minutes) by an oral dose of the MP inhibitor GI5402 (100 mg) or matching placebo. GI5402 strongly reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha release (P <.001), but did not influence the increase in monocyte-bound TNF-alpha. In addition, GI5402 attenuated the rise in plasma-soluble TNF-alpha receptors types I and II after LPS injection (both P <.001), but did not change the LPS-induced decreases in granulocyte and monocyte TNF-alpha receptor expression. These data suggest that MP inhibitors may be useful as a treatment modality in diseases in which excessive production of TNF-alpha is considered to play an important role. Furthermore, unlike in vitro, no evidence has been found in vivo with MP inhibition for a potential proinflammatory effect due to increases in membrane-bound TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha receptor number.