gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogenation in vitro of  -Linolenic Acid to Stearic Acid by Mixed Cultures of Pure Strains of Rumen Bacteria (1984)

The hydrogenation of α-linolenic acid to stearic acid which occurs with the mixed bacteria of the sheep rumen can be demonstrated in vitro by mixing exponential phase cultures of only two species of rumen bacteria and incubating for a further period with α-linolenic acid. One bacterium must be able to hydrogenate α-linolenic acid to predominantly trans-octadec-11-enoic acid which is then used 11 substrate by a second bacterium. Cultures grown from small mixed inocula failed, with the exception of one pair of bacteria, to hydrogenate α-linolenic acid to stearic acid. The products from these cultures showed that one of the pair of bacteria had outgrown the other. For stearate production it was necessary to use inocula with a minimum number of cells rather than cells in a particular phase of growth. Two of the bacteria used, P2/2 and T344, after several years in pure culture show an increased isomerization of the octadecenoic acid products.
A Low-Profile Broadband Strip-Line Balun (2005)

The paper describes the design of a broadband balun with a multilayer coupled strip-line structure for a frequency range from 1.35 GHz to 2.7 GHz. This balun presents progress by providing PCB compatibility, integrated shielding (strip-line), and a relatively compact footprint in comparison with other balun topologies (e.g. microstrip and Lange couplers). The balun is first simulated schematically and electromagnetically using Advanced Design System. The results show good agreement between both sets of simulation data and the measurements results.
Automated hoarding for mobile computers (1997)

A common problem facing mobile computing is &connected operation, or computing in the absence of a network. Hoarding eases disconnected operation by selecting a subset of the user's files forlocal storage. We describe a hoarding system that can operate without user intervention, by observing user activity and predicting future needs. The system calculates a new measure, semantic distance, between individual liles, and uses this to feed a clustering algorithm that chooses which files should be hoarded. A separatereplication system manages the actual transport of data; any of a number of replication systems may be used. We discuss practical problems encountered in the real world and present usage statistics showing that our system outperforms previous approaches by factors that can exceed 1O:l.
p53 Antisense Oligonucleotide Inhibits Growth of Human Colon Tumor and Normal Cell Lines (1996)

We examined the relationship between the expression of mutant p53 proteins and tumor cell growth using a p53 antisense oligonucleotide (5'-CCCTGCTCCCCCCTGGCTCC-3'). The oligonucleotide inhibited the growth of three human colon tumor cell lines (DLD-a, SW620 and WiDr), which produce only mutant p53 proteins with different mutation sites. Treatment of DLD-1 cells with the p53 antisense oligonucleotide caused a decrease in the level of p53 mutant protein. Synthesis of DNA in DLD-1 and SW620 cells was inhibited more potently than that of RNA or protein after antisense treatment. Furthermore, these cells were accumulated in the S phase when DNA synthesis was inhibited. Meanwhile, the antisense oligonucleotide also inhibited the growth of three human normal cell lines (WI-38, TIG-1 and Intestine 407). While treatment of WI-38 and TIG-1 cells with the antisense oligonucleotide inhibited synthesis of DNA more potently than that of RNA or protein, these normal cells were accumulated in the G0/G1 phase. These results suggest that p53 proteins, either with or without mutation, play a pivotal role in the growth of tumor and normal cells, but that mutant and wild-type p53 proteins may function differently in cell growth.
Comparison Between Epididymosomes Collected in the Intraluminal Compartment of the Bovine Caput and Cauda Epididymidis1 (2006)

During their transit along the epididymidis, mammalian spermatozoa acquire new proteins involved in the acquisition of male gamete fertilizing ability. We previously described membranous vesicles called epididymosomes, which are secreted in an apocrine manner by the epididymal epithelium. Some selected proteins associated with epididymosomes are transferred to spermatozoa during epididymal transit. The present study compared epididymosomes collected from caput epididymal fluid with vesicles from the cauda epididymidis in the bull. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed major differences in protein composition of epididymosomes isolated from the caput and cauda epididymidis. LC-QToF analysis of major protein spots as well as Western blot analysis confirmed the differences in proteins associated with these two populations of epididymosomes. Biotinylated proteins associated with caput and cauda epididymosomes also revealed differences. When incubated with caput epididymal spermatozoa, epididymosomes prepared from these two segments transferred different protein patterns. By contrast, cauda epididymosomes transferred the same pattern of proteins to spermatozoa from the caput and cauda epididymidis. Transfer of biotinylated proteins from cauda epididymosomes to caput spermatozoa decreased in a dose-dependent manner when biotinylated epididymosomes were diluted with unbiotinylated vesicles. Caput epididymosomes added in excess were unable to inhibit transfer of biotinylated proteins from cauda epididymosomes to caput spermatozoa. Following transfer of biotinylated proteins from cauda epididymosomes to caput spermatozoa, addition of unbiotinylated cauda epididymosomes was unable to displace already transferred biotinylated proteins. These results established that epididymosomes from caput and cauda epididymidis have different protein composition and interact differently with maturing spermatozoa.
Temperature compensated single-device electromechanical oscillators (2011)

This work presents temperature compensated single-device fully micromechanical (circuit-less) oscillators. Thermal-piezoresistive interactions in certain micromechanical resonant structures can lead to self-sustained mechanical vibrations. Self-sustained single crystalline silicon oscillators with frequencies in the few MHz range have been fabricated and their temperature drift behavior is characterized. Temperature drifts as high as - 38ppm/°C measured for the fabricated devices were sharply reduced to less than ±1.5ppm/°C by high concentration phosphorous doping of the structures. TCF as small as 0.4ppm/°C has been demonstrated for a 2.4MHz MEMS oscillator. Furthermore, the TCF of the oscillators has been found to be dependent on the resonator bias current making very close to zero TCF achievable for such devices.
Evaluation of pyroxasulfone in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) weed management programs (2013)

Research was conducted to evaluate corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) injury and weed control with pyroxasulfone applied preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST). In corn, pyroxasulfone applied both PRE at 150 g/ha and POST at 60 g/ha with glyphosate controlled barnyardgrass, Palmer amaranth, sicklepod, prickly sida, browntop millet, ivyleaf morningglory, and entireleaf morningglory 90 to 99% 30 days after the POST application. Weed control was no greater than when pyroxasulfone at 150 g/ha was applied only PRE. Control of barnyardgrass, Palmer amaranth, smooth pigweed, and browntop millet was greater for pyroxasulfone PRE compared with atrazine PRE and lower corn yield was observed for the atrazine treatment. In a second corn study, pyroxasulfone applied alone PRE controlled barnyardgrass, smooth pigweed, Palmer amaranth, hophornbeam copperleaf, sicklepod, ivyleaf morningglory, pitted morningglory, and prickly sida 83 to 100% 66 days after application. Equivalent weed control was obtained for pyroxasulfone plus atrazine and atrazine plus S-metolachlor applied PRE. Corn yield was lower when pyroxasulfone was applied only PRE compared with pyroxasulfone plus atrazine PRE and atrazine plus S-metolachlor PRE. Soybean injury was observed when pyroxasulfone was applied at 60 to 300 g/ha, and at 10 days after application, injury was 2 to 5% when applied PRE and 15 to 21% when applied POST. Injury consisted of crinkling of leaflet surface, irregular leaflet margins, indentation of leaflet tips, and a drooping of leaf petioles (POST application only). Soybean yield was not negatively affected by pyroxasulfone regardless of application timing. In a second soybean study, pyroxasulfone applied alone PRE at 150 g/ha controlled, browntop millet an average of 99%, barnyardgrass 75%, hophornbeam copperleaf 99%, ivyleaf morningglory 86%, hemp sesbania 98%, sicklepod 95% and pitted morningglory 73% around 30 days after treatment. Compared with pyroxasulfone applied alone PRE at 150 g/ha, weed control was not improved when pyroxasulfone was applied PRE with saflufenacil, flumioxazin, fluthicet-methyl, or chlorimuron ethyl plus flumioxazin plus thifensulfuron methyl. Crop safety, consistency in weed control, and flexibility in application timing with pyroxasulfone suggests that it should have a fit in corn and soybean weed management programs in the mid-south.
Experimental studies on efficient frequency doubling in glass optical fibers (1987)

Experiments were carried out in order to investigate efficient second-harmonic generation in phosphor-doped glass fibers. Peak conversion efficiencies > 5% corresponding to peak powers> 1 kW at 0.53 microm have been obtained. By measuring the side light emitted and also by cutting the fibers, both the second-harmonic output power and the generation rate were studied along the fiber. Other measurements, including the polarization and mode structure of the frequency-doubled output, are also described.
Design and implementation of a hands-free electrolarynx device controlled by neck strap muscle electromyographic activity (2003)

Total laryngectomy surgery results in a loss of human voice, and a corresponding deficit for normal speech production. A key disadvantage of available voice replacement prostheses is the inconvenience of using one hand for operating the device when speaking. To address this problem, a hands-free portable electrolarynx (EL) was developed. This wearable device transforms neck muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity into control signals for initiation and termination of voicing. Using the new system (EMG-EL), seven normal subjects produced voice initiation that was as fast as with a commercial hand-held EL, and faster than with normal voice. The EMG-EL was also tested in a laryngectomy subject, who produced voice initiation that was slower than with the commercial EL, but faster than with tracheo-esophageal voice. Voice termination with the EMG-EL was slower than with the other voice sources for all subjects.
Injection molding of ribbed plastic plates with a superplastic Zn–22% Al sheet (2001)

Abstract This article presents the development of a hybrid process combining the forming of a superplastic zinc–aluminum sheet with injection molding. The product is a plastic part covered with a superplastic zinc–aluminum layer used mainly for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. This hybrid process involves not only molding a plastic plate, but also forming a superplastic zinc–aluminum sheet with features such as ribs. This research observes the process of filling the cavity and forming the superplastic sheet with the aid of short‐shot experiments. By understanding the molding and forming process, guidelines for process control will be derived. This research further investigates the moldability of SIM systems. To make satisfactory parts, sheet thickness, melt temperature, injection parameters, and other process parameters determine the “moldability” of a specific system. The first part of the moldability study is to identify the relative importance of these process parameters. Results show that melt temperature and injection pressure are the two most critical parameters. The second part of this moldability study is to develop the moldability diagrams based on the molding area on the plane of these two key parameters. Moldability diagrams are employed to evaluate the effects of sheet thicknesses and melt inlets. It is found that a thick sheet, high melt temperature, and an inlet providing short flow length improve moldability. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 216–225, 2001
A comprehensive architecture for continuous media email (2001)

Continuous media email has numerous advantages over plain text email. We propose solutions to the key problems resulting from sender-stored delivery of continuous media email that have prevented implementation. In order to address quality of service, message deletion, and forwarding and replying problems, we advocate an integrated sender- and recipient-stored delivery approach.
Update on rosacea and anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline (2007)

Approximately 13 million individuals in the United Sates suffer from rosacea, a recurrent disease that may require long-term therapy. Topical and oral antibiotics have been used to treat rosacea; however, high-dose antibiotics or long-term, low-dose antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of rosacea flares or for rosacea maintenance therapy, respectively, can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant organisms. The first oral medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of rosacea in the United States is Oracea (CollaGenex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Newtown, PA, USA). Oracea is a 40 mg capsule of doxycycline monohydrate, containing 30 mg immediate-release and 10 mg delayed-release doxycycline beads ("anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline"). Anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline is not an antibiotic and does not lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant organisms. Each capsule of anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline contains a total of 40 mg of anhydrous doxycycline as 30 mg of immediate-release and 10 mg of delayed-release beads. In contrast to other oral therapies, anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline is taken once daily, which may increase treatment compliance. The results of two phase III trials have been encouraging, leading to the recent release (summer 2006) of Oracea for the treatment of rosacea in the United States. Anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline should not be used by individuals with known hypersensitivity to tetracyclines or increased photosensitivity, or by pregnant or nursing women (anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline is a pregnancy category-D medication). The risk of permanent teeth discoloration and decreased bone growth rate make anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline contraindicated in infants and children. However, when used appropriately in patients with rosacea, anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline may help prolong the effectiveness and life span of our most precious antibiotics.
Digital PWM with variable frequency for monolithic buck converter (2009)

Presented is a digital pulse width modulator and dead-time circuit for a buck converter. The circuit allows the characterisation of the power converter over a wide range of operating conditions. It was implemented on a 0.35 µm CMOS process and results were measured at a number of switching frequencies.
Materials for Potential Use in Sunscald Prevention (1983)

Sunscald is a major problem on many shade trees during winters when wide daily temperature fluctuations occur. Various protective materials were tested to determine their effectiveness in preventing rapid temperature changes under alternating sunny and shady conditions. Foylon 7018 and Ross TreeGards were significantly better than the control in preventing a drop in cambial temperature 15-19 minutes after shading.
Syntheses of Diaryl Sulfone. IV (1958)

As a part of work on the synthesis of chemotherapeutics, diaryl sulfones were prepared. Compounds of bis (4-aminophenyl) sulfone system included bis (4-nicotinamidophenyl), bis [4-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo) phenyl], bis (2-aminobenzothiazol-6-yl), bis (4-maleylamidophenyl), bis (4-succinylamidophenyl), and bis (4-phthalylamidophenyl) sulfones. Those of bis [4-hydrazinophenyl) sulfone series included bis (4-furfurylidenehydrazinophenyl), bis [4-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidenehydrazino) phenyl], bis [4-piperonylidenehydrazinophenyl], bis (4-cinnamylidenehydrazinophenyl), and bis [4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidenehydrazino) phenyl] sulfones. 2-Lepidyl 4-nitrophenyl sulfone and bis (2-hydroxy-3, 5-dichlorophenyl) sulfoxide were also prepared. This latter was assumed to have been formed by the steric hindrance of hydroxyl group in the ortho position, oxidation to the sulfone not having been effected.
Micropatterning of Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) Hydrogels: Effects on Thermosensitivity and Cell Release Behavior (2010)

The thermally driven, reversible change in the surface properties of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogels from a hydrophilic (water-swollen) state to a hydrophobic (deswollen) state when heated above the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT, ~35 oC) makes them useful in inducing controlled cell release. To improve the kinetics of swelling and deswelling, we have prepared microstructured (i.e., micropillared) thermoresponsive surfaces comprising pure PNIPAAm hydrogel and nanocomposite PNIPAAm hydrogel embedded with polysiloxane colloidal nanoparticles (~220 nm diameter, 1 wt%) via photopolymerization. The thermosensitivity (i.e., degree and rate of swelling/deswelling) of these surfaces and how it can be regulated using different micropillar sizes and densities were characterized by measuring the dynamic size changes in micropillar dimensions in response to thermal activation. Our results show that the dynamic thermal response rate can be increased by more than twofold when the micropillar size is reduced from 200 to 100 μm. The temperature-controlled cell release behaviors of pure PNIPAAm and nanocomposite PNIPAAm micropatterned surfaces were successfully characterized using mesenchymal progenitor cells (10T1/2). This study demonstrates that the thermosensitivity of PNIPAAm surfaces can be regulated by introducing micropillars of different sizes and densities, while maintaining good temperature-controlled cell release behavior.
A Study of the Anisotropy and Tension/Compression Behavior of Human Cervical Tissue (2010)

The cervix plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy, acting as a mechanical barrier to hold the fetus in utero during gestation. Altered mechanical properties of the cervical tissue are suspected to play a critical role in spontaneous preterm birth. Both MRI and X-ray data in the literature indicate that cervical stroma contains regions of preferentially aligned collagen fibers along anatomical directions (circumferential/longitudinal/radial). In this study, a mechanical testing protocol is developed to investigate the large-strain response of cervical tissue in uniaxial tension and compression along its three orthogonal anatomical directions. The stress response of the tissue along the different orthogonal directions is captured using a minimal set of model parameters generated by fitting a one-dimensional time-dependent rheological model to the experimental data. Using model parameters, mechanical responses can be compared between samples from patients with different obstetric backgrounds, between samples from different anatomical sites, and between the different loading directions for a single specimen. The results presented in this study suggest that cervical tissue is mechanically anisotropic with a uniaxial response dependent on the direction of loading, the anatomical site of the specimen, and the obstetric history of the patient. We hypothesize that the directionality of the tissue mechanical response is primarily due to collagen orientation in the cervical stroma, and provides an interpretation of our mechanical findings consistent with the literature data on preferential collagen alignment.
Full-wave modeling of via hole grounds in microstrip by three-dimensional mode matching technique (2003)

A rigorous full-wave analysis of microstrip via hole grounds is performed using a three-dimensional mode-matching method by means of a suitable segmentation technique. Theoretical results are compared with measured data, showing an excellent agreement. Comparisons with available approximate methods have also been made to exploit their limits of validity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of the Sedum Alkaloid Sedinine (1985)

The Sedum alkaloid sedinine (1) was synthesized in the racemic form from l-methoxycarbanyl-2-(l-propynyl)-1,2- dihydropyridine (4) by way of tetrahydropyridine derivatives (5, 10a, 20, and 24b).In a previous communication, we reported a facile synthesis of sedacryptine ( 2), 1 a minor alkaloid isolated from Sedum acre.'This plant also contains sedinine, 3 whose structure was finally established to be 1 with the absolute stereochemistry, 4 resembling closely the representative of Lobelia alkaloids, lobeline (3) .5Here we report our investigation leading to a synthesis of (t)-sedinine (I), which opens a way to synthesize a variety of alkaloids having similar structures.6This .-10.Ditosylate Ll l c (R =TsO, R =H) 1 or a cyclic ether derivative (il was a byproduct in the a or b series.11.This assumption is proved to be valid in the case of sedacryptine synthesis. 1
FIELD PERFORMANCE OF PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS (1991)

A visual inspection was undertaken to determine to what extent, if any, durability problems exist in precast reinforced concrete box culvert exterior top slabs and joints between box sections and what measures have been or could be successful in preventing the problems. From September 1988 through January 1990 133 culverts were inspected throughout Ohio. On the basis of the results, it is recommended that external joint wrap be provided on precast concrete box culvert joints, through-bolted guardrail post connections to box culverts not be permitted, 1/2-in. cover be provided over longitudinal reinforcing at mating surfaces at joints, and top surfaces of box culverts be sealed.
Einleitung (1992)

Im Mai 1987 vergab der Minister für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales (MAGS) des Landes NRW im Rahmen des Landesprogramms "Mensch und Technik" — Sozialverträgliche Technikgestaltung einen Forschungsauftrag mit dem Titel "Die Zukunft der EDV-Berufe" an das Institut für Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung Marburg e.V.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 2′-Fluoro-6′-methylene Carbocyclic Adenosine via Vince Lactam (2014)

2'-Fluoro-6'-methylene carbocyclic adenosine (FMCA) is a potent and selective inhibitor of wild type as well as drug-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants. FMCA demonstrated excellent anti-HBV activity against both adefovir-resistant and lamivudine-resistant double (rtL180M/rtM204V) mutants as well as in lamivudine/entecavir triple mutants (L180M+S202G+M204V) in vitro. Its monophosphate prodrug (FMCAP) demonstrated a greater than 12-fold increase of anti-HBV activity in comparison to that of the nucleoside without elevation of cellular toxicity. In the preliminary in vivo study in chimeric mice harboring the lamivudine/entecavir triple mutant, FMCAP effectively reduced HBV viral load, while entecavir was not effective. Therefore, it was of great interest to develop an efficient synthetic procedure to support the preclinical investigation. In this article, a new approach for the synthesis of FMCA from a readily available starting material (Vince lactam) in 16 steps is described. An efficient and practical methodology for stereospecific preparation of a versatile carbocyclic key intermediate, D-2'-fluoro-6'-methylene cyclopentanol 14, has been developed from diazotization, elimination, stereoselective epoxidation, fluorination, and oxidation-reduction sequence of the Vince lactam in 14 steps. The utility of D-2'-fluoro-6'-methylene cyclopentanol 14 is demonstrated in the preparation of FMCA using the Mitsunobu coupling to introduce the adenine base to synthesize the final nucleoside.