gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Target Detection and Localization Using MIMO Radars and Sonars (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new space-time coding configuration for target detection and localization by radar or sonar systems. In common active array systems, the transmitted signal is usually coherent between the different elements of the array. This configuration does not allow array processing in the transmit mode. However, space-time coding of the transmitted signals allows to digitally steer the beam pattern in the transmit in addition to the received signal. The ability to steer the transmitted beam pattern, helps to avoid beam shape loss. We show that the configuration with spatially orthogonal signal transmission is equivalent to additional virtual sensors which extend the array aperture with virtual spatial tapering. These virtual sensors can be used to form narrower beams with lower sidelobes and, therefore, provide higher performance in target detection, angular estimation accuracy, and angular resolution. The generalized likelihood ratio test for target detection and the maximum likelihood and Cramer-Rao bound for target direction estimation are derived for an arbitrary signal coherence matrix. It is shown that the optimal performance is achieved for orthogonal transmitted signals. Target detection and localization performances are evaluated and studied theoretically and via simulations
Building an electronic book on the Internet: "CSEP-an interdisciplinary syllabus for teaching computational science at the graduate level" (2002)

The Computational Science Education Project was initiated in September 1991, by the US Department of Energy to develop a syllabus for teaching interdisciplinary computational science. CSEP has two major activites: the writing and maintenance of an electronic book (e-book); and educational outreach to the computational science communities through presentations at professional society meetings, journal articles, and by training educators. The authors describe this project, the interdisciplinary nature of which is intended to contribute to national technological competitiveness by producing a body of graduates with the necessary skills to operate effectively in high performance computing environments.
Solvent Extraction of Ethanol from Aqueous Solutions. II. Linear, Branched, and Ring-Containing Alcohol Solvents (2005)

Distribution coefficients have been measured for the partitioning of ethanol and water from aqueous mixtures into 57 different alcohol solvents. The study has focused on the effects of systematic variations in chemical structure of the alcohols. Factors found to be important include chain length and hydroxyl position for the x-alcohols (i.e., 1-heptanol through 1-dodecanol, 2-heptanol through 2-undecanol, etc.), branch structure (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, etc.) for a branch located on the hydroxyl carbon, location of the branch relative to the hydroxyl carbon, and multiple branching.
Enzyme-Assisted Vitrectomy With Bacterial Collagenase (1983)

Electron microscopic analysis of intravitreal strands produced by the injection of autogenous fibroblasts showed thin, immature collagen after two weeks and the mature banded variety after four weeks. With the use of this intravitreal strand model, it was found that highly purified bacterial collagenase caused extensive digestion of scar tissue after incubation periods of 10, 15, and 30 minutes. There was no morphologic damage to cicatricial cellular elements or to the inner limiting membrane of the retina. A 45-minute exposure of retinas previously injured by photocoagulation to collagenase also did not result in morphologic evidence of damage. The use of collagenase as an adjunct to vitrectomy in cases of extreme vitreal scarring or retinal traction may decrease the complication rate of a procedure that is still extremely hazardous.
Immune Responses to BK and JC Viruses in Immunocompromised Patients (2007)

BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) are ubiquitous human polyomaviruses that establish persistent asymptomatic infections in immunocompetent individuals, but in a minority of immunocompromised patients, reactivate and cause clinical disease. BKV is associated with BKV nephropathy (BKVN) in kidney transplant recipients and JCV is the etiologic agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS patients. Humoral responses do not appear adequate to protect against reactivation or disease, and both BKVN and PML appear to be due to a failure of cellular immune responses to control the virus. Among the goals of current research is the identification of the functional correlates of cellular immune protection against these viruses in immunocompetent individuals. Such insights may help identify the small subset of patients at risk of BKV and JCV reactivation, aid clinical management and permit the development of immunotherapeutic approaches.
Molecular modelling of bacterial deep rough mutant lipopolysaccharide of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

Molecular modelling techniques have been applied to compute the conformation accessible to bacterial deep rough lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli (Re-LPS). Analyses of the results showed that the models typically exhibit a tilt of the diglucosamine backbone with respect to the membrane normal of 53 +/- 7 degrees while both the glucosamine ring planes are oriented approximately parallel to the membrane normal. Different models were found to show compact and elongated types of acyl chain arrangements, both producing anisotropic lateral dimensions of the models of 1.0-1.1 nm and 1.7-2.0 nm for the shorter and the longer side, respectively. The conformationally allowed range of the isolated dOclA(alpha-2-4)dOclA disaccharide (dOclA = 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid) was found to be extremely limited. It appeared that the dOclA disaccharide (dOclA)2 is centred at the top of the Re-LPS molecule preferring two orientations stabilized by hydrogen bonds involving only one phosphate group of the lipid A moiety at a time. The effect of charges on the Re-LPS conformations has been studied in separate calculations. From these calculations it was obvious that charges have no significant effects on the conformations of the isolated lipid A and (dOclA)2 moieties. However, it was found that the orientation of (dOclA)2 with respect to the lipid A part is highly sensitive to charges, i.e. in the charged models the proximity of phosphate and carboxyl groups is prevented by strong electrostatic repulsion between these negatively charged groups. In order to rationalize the acyl chain packing of the models, a simple geometrical model which correlates the tilt of the diglucosamine backbone with the energically favoured close packing of the acyl chains is proposed. Furthermore, the possibility of a chelate-like complexation of divalent cations and its contribution to head group mobility is discussed.
Rapid Endocytosis of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein Modulates Cell Surface Distribution and Processing of the β-Amyloid Precursor Protein (2005)

The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is a approximately 600-kDa multifunctional endocytic receptor that is highly expressed in the brain. LRP and its ligands apolipoprotein E, alpha2-macroglobulin, and beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), are genetically linked to Alzheimer disease and are found in characteristic plaque deposits in brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. To identify which extracellular domains of LRP interact with APP, we used minireceptors of each of the individual LRP ligand binding domains and assessed their ability to bind and degrade a soluble APP fragment. LRP minireceptors containing ligand binding domains II and IV, but not I or III, interacted with APP. To test whether APP trafficking is directly related to the rapid endocytosis of LRP, we generated stable Chinese hamster ovary cell lines expressing either a wild-type LRP minireceptor or its endocytosis mutants. Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing wild-type LRP minireceptor had less cell surface APP than pcDNA3 vector-transfected cells, whereas those stably expressing endocytosis-defective LRP minireceptors accumulated APP at the cell surface. We also found that the steady-state levels of the amyloid beta-peptides (Abeta) is dictated by the relative expression levels of APP and LRP, probably reflecting the dual roles of LRP in both Abeta production and clearance. Together, these data establish a relationship between LRP rapid endocytosis and APP trafficking and proteolytic processing to generate Abeta.
Synthesis of Allenic Amino Acids via Chelate-Controlled Ester Enolate Claisen Rearrangement (1996)

Ester enolate Claisen rearrangement of amino acid propargylic esters 6 allows the synthesis of sensitive amino acids 8. This methodology is suitable not only for glycine derivatives but also for propargylic esters of various amino acids. In this case amino acids with quaternary α-carbon centers are formed.
Designing Two Self-Assembly Mechanisms into One Viral Capsid Protein (2012)

ELP-CP, a structural fusion protein of the thermally responsive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and a viral capsid protein (CP), was designed, and its assembly properties were investigated. Interestingly, this protein-based block copolymer could be self-assembled via two mechanisms into two different, well-defined nanocapsules: (1) pH-induced assembly yielded 28 nm virus-like particles, and (2) ELP-induced assembly yielded 18 nm virus-like particles. The latter were a result of the emergent properties of the fusion protein. This work shows the feasibility of creating a self-assembly system with new properties by combining two structural protein elements.
Dynamic Recurrent Neural Networks for Control of Unknown Nonlinear Systems (1994)

A scheme of dynamic recurrent neural networks (DRNNs) is discussed in this paper, which provides the potential for the learning and control of a general class of unknown discrete-time nonlinear systems which are treated as “black boxes” with multi-inputs and multi-outputs (MIMO). A model of the DRNNs is described by a set of nonlinear difference equations, and a suitable analysis for the input-output dynamics of the model is performed to obtain the inverse dynamics. The ability of a DRNN structure to model arbitrary dynamic nonlinear systems is incorporated to approximate the unknown nonlinear input-output relationship using a dynamic back propagation (DBP) learning algorithm. An equivalent control concept is introduced to develop a model based learning control architecture with simultaneous on-line identification and control for unknown nonlinear plants. The potentials of the proposed methods are demonstrated by simulation results.
[The treatment of assisted reproduction--clinical and preclinical aspects, functioning of the Unit of Human Reproduction at the Central Hospital of Luxembourg]. (2002)

Since a few years the OBGYN department at the Centre Hospitalier in Luxembourg has intensified its practice of ART with the introduction of a multidisciplinary team and a decentralized IVF program. While clinical investigations, cycle-monitoring and surgery, oocyte pick-up are commonly performed at the CHL, the biological supplement is transferred to next situated Belgian laboratories. As Luxembourg has no national bio-ethical law, we apply partly the French law of 1994.
Study of the acidity of ZSM-5 zeolite by microcalorimetry and infrared spectroscopy (1979)

Microcalorimetry and i.r. spectroscopy were used to characterize the acid centres in ZSM-5 zeolite. Differential heats of adsorption of ammonia at 416 K showed that there exists a strong acidity in H–ZSM-5 zeolite and also in H–Z zeolite, which exceeds that present in H–Y zeolite. The energy distribution of strongly acid sites is more heterogeneous in H–ZSM-5 than in H–Z zeolite. A comparison of calorimetric and i.r. spectroscopic data for samples with different degrees of dehydroxylation has, moreover, shown that a fraction of Brönsted sites are weakly acidic whereas all Lewis sites are strongly acid. The spatial distribution of acidity in acid-treated ZSM-5 zeolite is not uniform; the most acidic sites, and particularly Lewis sites, are located within the channel structure of the material where they are not readily accessible to ammonia molecules at 416 K or mainly to pyridine molecules at room temperature.
Controlled-release levodopa methyl ester/benserazide-loaded nanoparticles ameliorate levodopa-induced dyskinesia in rats (2012)

Results suggest that LDME/benserazide-loaded nanoparticles can be used to reduce the expression of dyskinesia in dyskinetic rats.
Hypoxia and platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB synergistically upregulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells (1995)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression was analysed in rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells following exposure to hypoxia and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Hypoxia potently upregulated VEGF mRNA steady-state levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner reaching a maximum level (approximately 30-fold increase) after 12-24 h at 0% 0(2). In contrast, PDGF-BB caused a modest increase in VEGF expression. However, the combination of PDGF-BB and a threshold hypoxic stimulus (2.5% O2 for 4 h) had a marked synergistic effect. Synergy between hypoxia and PDGF-BB was selective for VEGF expression as hypoxia had no effect on the PDGF-induced upregulation of the proto-oncogene c-myc. These results raise the possibility that hypoxia and PDGF-BB may act in concert to induce VEGF expression in the arterial wall during the development of atherosclerosis.
Symbolic Representation of Game World State: Toward Real-Time Planning in Games (2004)

As the game development effort scales, AI developers are facing new challenges in terms of implementation, workflow, and game design. The needs of today’s games are outgrowing the typical techniques of modeling behavior with Finite State Machines and Rule Based Systems. This paper argues that a regressive real-time planning system is better suited to address the challenges game developers are facing, and presents symbolic representation strategies that we have employed to allow planning in practice in today’s games.
Laser polarization-variable autofluorescence of the network of optically anisotropic biological tissues: Diagnostics and differentiation of early stages of cancer of<i>cervix uteri</i> (2014)

This research presents the results of investigation of laser polarization fluorescence of biological layers (histological sections, cytological smears) in the task of diagnostics and differentiation of early stages of cancer: Dysplasia — cervical microinvasive carcinoma of cervix uteri. The analytical conditions of polarization-optimal probing of biological layers were determined basing on the model of linear birefringence and dichroism of birefringent (fibrillar, porphyrin) networks. The technique of polarization-variable laser autofluorescence was developed and experimentally tested. The objective criteria (statistical moments) of differentiation of histological sections autofluorescent images of endometrium biopsy and cytological smears of it mucous coat were defined. The operational characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy) of this technique were determined concerning the positions of probative medicine, and clinical efficiency.
Thoracic spinal nerve and root conduction: A magnetic stimulation study (1995)

We describe a technique of magnetic coil (MC) stimulation of the thoracic spinal nerves and roots in 12 normal subjects and a patient with diabetes mellitus. We kept the MC flat against the vertebral column in the midline over T-7, T-8, and T-9 spinous processes and obtained compound muscle action potentials from the upper rectus abdominis, external oblique, and intercostal muscles. We obtained mean latencies to these muscles after stimulation in the posterior axillary line. We noted that the onset latencies remained fixed despite increasing the intensity of stimulation from 30% to 100% and on moving the coil up to 3 cm lateral to the spinous processes suggesting that the stimulation of the fastest conducting fibers was occurring at a fixed site, most likely at the intervertebral foramina. Prolonged latencies in the diabetic patient confirmed the diagnosis of radiculoneuropathy.
Regulation of Cdc2/cyclin B activation by Ran, a Ras-related GTPase (1995)

During the cell cycle, a checkpoint prevents the initiation of mitosis until S-phase is completed. The molecular mechanism may involve the RCC1 protein, which catalyses guanine nucleotide exchange on the Ras-related nuclear protein, Ran (or TC4). Genetic studies have suggested that RCC1 may be involved in sensing the replication state of DNA and controlling the activation of Cdc2/cyclin B protein kinase through Ran. In this report, we present direct biochemical evidence for the post-translational control of Cdc2/cyclin B activation by Ran. In a cell-free system of concentrated Xenopus egg extracts supplemented with nuclei, a mutant form of Ran (T24N) analogous to dominant inactive mutants of other Ras-related GTPases inhibits Cdc2/cyclin B activation in the presence of replicating nuclear DNA. This role for Ran is mediated through control of the tyrosine phosphorylation state of Cdc2 and appears to be distinct from other effects on nuclear import, nuclear formation and DNA replication. When extracts were supplemented with RCC1 protein prior to addition of Ran T24N, inhibition of Cdc2/cyclin B by Ran T24N was relieved. This suggests that Ran T24N may act in a dominant manner by sequestering RCC1 in an inactive form. In contrast to Ran T24N, a mutant of Ran (Q69L) defective in GTPase activity and hence locked in the GTP-bound state has no inhibitory effect on Cdc2/cyclin B activation. In the light of these results, we propose that generation of the GTP-bound form of Ran is required for Cdc2/cyclin B activation and entry into mitosis when this process is coupled to the progression of S-phase.
Quinolone-Binding Pocket of DNA Gyrase: Role of GyrB (2002)

DNA gyrase is a prokaryotic type II topoisomerase and a major target of quinolone antibacterials. The majority of mutations conferring resistance to quinolones arise within the quinolone resistance-determining region of GyrA close to the active site (Tyr(122)) where DNA is bound and cleaved. However, some quinolone resistance mutations are known to exist in GyrB. Present structural data suggest that these residues lie a considerable distance from the quinolone resistance-determining region, and it is not obvious how they affect quinolone action. We have made and purified two such mutant proteins, GyrB(Asp(426)-->Asn) and GyrB(Lys(447)-->Glu), and characterized them in vitro. We found that the two proteins behave similarly to GyrA quinolone-resistant proteins. We showed that the mutations exert their effect by decreasing the amount of quinolone bound to a gyrase-DNA complex. We suggest that the GyrB residues form part of a quinolone-binding pocket that includes DNA and the quinolone resistance-determining region in GyrA and that large conformational changes during the catalytic cycle of the enzyme allow these regions to come into close proximity.
Preparation of .alpha.-silyl carbanions (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of .alpha.-silyl carbanionsDavid J. AgerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 1, 168–170Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00175a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00175a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views740Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Contextual Grouping: Discovering Real-Life Interaction Types from Longitudinal Bluetooth Data (2011)

By exploiting built-in sensors, mobile smart phone have become attractive options for large-scale sensing of human behavior as well as social interaction. In this paper, we present a new probabilistic model to analyze longitudinal dynamic social networks created by the physical proximity of people sensed continuously by the phone Bluetooth sensors. A new probabilistic model is proposed in order to jointly infer emergent grouping modes of the community together with their temporal context. We present experimental results on a Bluetooth proximity network sensed with mobile smart-phones over 9 months of continuous real-life, and show the effectiveness of our method.
Dual-V_DD Clock Distribution for Low Power and Minimum Temperature Fluctuations Induced Skew (2007)

A methodology based on supply voltage scaling for lowering the power consumption and temperature fluctuations induced skew of clock distribution networks is proposed in this paper. The clock signal is distributed globally at a lower optimum supply voltage. To maintain the speed of the system, a dual supply voltage (dual-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> ) clock distribution network is presented. Level converters are utilized to restore the standard full swing clock signal at the leaves of the low voltage clock distribution network. A novel level converter with low skew, propagation delay, and power consumption characteristics is presented. The optimum supply voltage that minimizes clock skew is 44% lower than the nominal supply voltage in a 0.18mum CMOS technology. The temperature fluctuations induced skew and power consumption of the proposed dualdual-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> clock distribution network are 74% and 50.8% lower, respectively, as compared to a standard clock distribution network operating at the nominal supply voltage
Displaced dynamic expression regression for real-time facial tracking and animation (2014)

We present a fully automatic approach to real-time facial tracking and animation with a single video camera. Our approach does not need any calibration for each individual user. It learns a generic regressor from public image datasets, which can be applied to any user and arbitrary video cameras to infer accurate 2D facial landmarks as well as the 3D facial shape from 2D video frames. The inferred 2D landmarks are then used to adapt the camera matrix and the user identity to better match the facial expressions of the current user. The regression and adaptation are performed in an alternating manner. With more and more facial expressions observed in the video, the whole process converges quickly with accurate facial tracking and animation. In experiments, our approach demonstrates a level of robustness and accuracy on par with state-of-the-art techniques that require a time-consuming calibration step for each individual user, while running at 28 fps on average. We consider our approach to be an attractive solution for wide deployment in consumer-level applications.