gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gradient calculations for dynamic recurrent neural networks: a survey (1995)

Surveys learning algorithms for recurrent neural networks with hidden units and puts the various techniques into a common framework. The authors discuss fixed point learning algorithms, namely recurrent backpropagation and deterministic Boltzmann machines, and nonfixed point algorithms, namely backpropagation through time, Elman's history cutoff, and Jordan's output feedback architecture. Forward propagation, an on-line technique that uses adjoint equations, and variations thereof, are also discussed. In many cases, the unified presentation leads to generalizations of various sorts. The author discusses advantages and disadvantages of temporally continuous neural networks in contrast to clocked ones continues with some "tricks of the trade" for training, using, and simulating continuous time and recurrent neural networks. The author presents some simulations, and at the end, addresses issues of computational complexity and learning speed.
Effects of 3-month treatment with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. (2004)

Alpha lipoic acid is a natural antioxidant that has been suggested to improve symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. To assess these potential benefits, a cohort of 26 type 2 diabetic patients with symptomatic peripheral neuropathy (stage 2) received a daily dose of 600 mg alpha-lipoic acid, and were followed for a 3 month-period. No dropout was noted. At the end of the follow-up period, in 20 subjects (76.9%) there was a 1-stage regression of somatic neuropathy (from symptomatic to asymptomatic neuropathy, and in 5 patients (19.2%) no signs of neuropathy were found. The nerve conduction velocity of motor fibers improved from 36.8 (95% Confidence Interval CI = 30.9-42.7) meters/second to 41.3 (95% CI = 39.5-43.0) meters/second (p = 0.049, paired t test). Mean blood glucose measured was significantly lower at 3 months than at baseline [197.9 (95% CI = 170.1-225.7) versus 162.2 (95% CI = 146.1-178.2 mg/dl, p = 0.02, paired t test)]. In a multiple linear regression model with age. sex, body mass index, diabetes duration and the difference between blood glucose values at 3 months and at baseline as explanatory variables, the increment in nerve conduction velocity was not accounted for by the improved glycemic control. Women, thinner and younger patients tended to benefit more from the treatment in terms of nervous conduction velocity improvement. In conclusion, alpha-lipoic acid seems to be efficient and safe in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, improving both clinical manifestations and nerve conduction velocity. Placebo controlled clinical trials are needed to further define the role of this new medication in the treatment of diabetic neuropathies.
Cryptographic Access Control for a Network File System (2001)

The rapid growth of mobile computing and the deployment of large distributed systems which span multiple administrative domains has created new challenges for security systems. Changing usage patterns and the physical limitations of mobile devices require users to rely on services provided by remote elements in the system to facilitate data access and storage requirements. Users need to minimize the trust placed in remote elements of the system such as the transmission mechanism and file server which may be beyond their control. They require secure mechanisms for accessing the sharing protected data. The access control mechanism deployed on the remote server should be flexible but capable of providing the levels of security required. Finally access control should not constitute a bottleneck in the system.
Design and development of the micropolymer system: An “organic microparticle” retention/drainage system (2000)

Article Design and development of the micropolymer system: An “organic microparticle” retention/drainage system was published on December 1, 2000 in the journal Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal (volume 15, issue 5).
Composition of Vapors from Boiling Binary Solutions (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComposition of Vapors from Boiling Binary SolutionsDonald F. Othmer and Samuel JosefowitzCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 9, 1175–1177Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50453a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50453a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Low-power and real-time address translation through arithmetic operations for virtual memory support in embedded systems (2008)

An arithmetic-based address translation technique is presented for low-power and real-time embedded processors with virtual memory support. General-purpose virtual memory support comes with its disadvantages of excessive power consumption and nondeterministic execution times, which are the main reasons for not adopting virtual memory in energy-efficient and real-time embedded systems. To address these issues, an application-driven address translation is proposed, where most of the address translations, which are traditionally performed as translation lookaside buffer (TLB) lookups, are replaced with fast and energy-efficient addition operations. To achieve this, a program and system-wide information is used to identify sequences of consecutive virtual page numbers, which are mapped to sequences of consecutive physical page frames. For such pairs of page sequences, only the addition of a constant to the virtual page number is needed to produce the physical page frame. The proposed methodology relies on the combined efforts of compiler, operating system, and hardware architecture to achieve a significant power reduction. As the approach fundamentally eliminates conflicts inherent in the hardware translation table, execution time is not only improved but also made predictable for a large number of memory reference instructions. Experiments show power reductions in the range of 80–95% compared to a general-purpose TLB.
Fanny price and the garden (2014)

It is testament to Jane Austen's talent that Austen can make Fanny Price loveable. Fanny Price the wallflower. Fanny Price the wowser. Miss Price is not a charming Lizzy Bennet: 'as delightful a creature,' as Austen put it, 'as ever appeared in print.' Fanny is not even a Catherine Morland, with her verve and simple boldness. Fanny's families do not hate her - they just barely notice her. And when they do, she is simply the moth to make their butterflies brighter. One Victorian critic, George Saintsbury, had the right word for Fanny: 'insipid'.
Compact Manipulator System for Guiding Needle with Real-time Navigation Based on MR Images (2007)

To support needle placements, we developed a compact surgical manipulator system using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)-guided navigation. The manipulator is designed for use in 430-mm high spaces and the strong magnetic field of an open-MRI. The design uses ultrasonic motors, which are located 750mm away from joints of the manipulator at the center of the MRI. The manipulator can position a puncture needle on the body and pivot around the insertion point to orient the needle. Navigation is performed using MR images of the needle held by the manipulator. While watching these navigational images, the surgeon can maneuver the manipulator to line up the needle trajectory with target, and then manually insert the needle into the target.The effectiveness of the system was verified with an in-vivo experiment in the MRI (AIRIS-II: Hitachi Medical Corp.). No noticeable deformation in the MR images was observed, even when the manipulator was in motion. Furthermore, the MR images always showed the needle that was moved by the manipulator. This indicates that the manipulator system is accurate enough for needle placement.
Thermo-moisture responsive polyurethane shape-memory polymer and composites: a review (2010)

The polyurethane shape-memory polymer (SMP) developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industry, Japan is not only thermo-responsive, but also moisture-responsive as recently found. The moisture-responsive ability atop the well-known thermo-responsive feature could open a new dimension for applications of this fantastic material. This paper presents a concise review of the thermo- and moisture-responsive properties and thermomechanical behaviors of this SMP and its composites, and potential applications utilizing these features, in particular in biomedical engineering.
Type Architectures, Shared Memory, and the Corollary of Modest Potential (1986)

Manabrea' s remark, referring to a design option for Babbage' s Analytical Engine, has been cited (Hockney & Jesshope 198 1) as the earliest reference to parallelism in computer design. The fact that Babbage considered parallelism allows us to conj ecture that nearly a century and a half ago he understood the obvious, but nevertheless, Fundamental Law of Parallel Computation: A parallel solution utilizing p processors can improve the best sequential solu­ tion by at most a factor of p. T his law's truth follows from the observation that a speedup greater than a factor of p implies the existence of a better sequential solution. It provides an upper limit on achievable performance that has been difficult to approach in practice, much less to achieve. After only two decades of serious study (Hockney & Jesshope 198 1) and only preliminary analysis of the limits to speedup (Hwang & Briggs 1984 , p. 28) , it is certainly premature to be pessimistic about our ultimate success at attaining the maximum predicted benefits of parallelism. Still, there are reasons to be cautious. As a practical matter the scientific and commercial problems that are most in need of speedup are the so-called compute-bound problems (Bardon & Curtis 1983) since the I/O-bound problems would yield to better data transmission technology not more processing capability (Boral & DeWitt
Results of the Harris-Galante cementless hip prosthesis (1992)

We reviewed 82 primary arthroplasties (in 71 patients) in which cementless porous-coated hip prostheses were used. The mean age of the patients at operation was 52 years (24 to 86); they were followed up for an average of 62.1 months (60 to 66). The diagnosis was avascular necrosis of the femoral head in 35%, fracture of the femoral neck in 24%, primary osteoarthritis in 16% and miscellaneous in 25%. The average preoperative Harris hip score was 56.7 points and the average postoperative score was 83.3 points. Eight hips (10%) had component loosening; four had been revised and four were awaiting revision. In 27 hips (33%) there was a radiolucent line wider than 2 mm in zones 1 and 7. In 55 hips (67%) there was calcar resorption of more than 10 mm. Twenty patients (28%) complained of thigh pain although they had no radiographic evidence of loosening of a component. Factors that may have contributed to the poor clinical and radiographic results were: 1) inadequate surface area for bone ingrowth, particularly on the lateral aspect of the upper part of the prosthesis, 2) poor initial fit of the stem in the metaphysis, which resulted in cantilever motion of the proximal part of the stem about the well-fixed distal stem, and 3) the collar of the prosthesis, which prevented it from subsiding to a naturally stable position and caused damage to the calcar.
Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography of limonoids (1993)

Abstract Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with carbon dioxide as the mobile phase has been used to separate a mixture of limonoid standards. Chromatographic conditions were optimized to enable analysis of plant extracts. The seed of Aphanamixis polystacha (Meliaceae) and the stem bark of Harpephyllum caffrum (Anacardiaceae) were extracted with hexane and the extracts were analyzed by SFC to demonstrate the potential of the technique as a screening tool. SFC analysis indicated the presence of limonoids in the hexane extract of the bark of Entandrophragma delevoyii (Meliaceae). One limonoid and two protolimonoids isolated from the extract were separated by SFC.
Effects of Additives on the Toxicity of Pyrethrins to Stable Flies and Horn Flies (1963)

Journal Article Effects of Additives on the Toxicity of Pyrethrins to Stable Flies and Horn Flies Get access R. H. Roberts, R. H. Roberts 2 Entomology Research Division, Agric. Res. Serv., U.S.D.A., Kerrville, Texas 2Present address, Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, Mississippi. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. L. Harris, R. L. Harris Entomology Research Division, Agric. Res. Serv., U.S.D.A., Kerrville, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar O. H. Graham O. H. Graham Entomology Research Division, Agric. Res. Serv., U.S.D.A., Kerrville, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 56, Issue 5, 1 October 1963, Pages 699–702, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/56.5.699 Published: 01 October 1963 Article history Accepted: 21 January 1963 Published: 01 October 1963
Slingatron Mass Launchers (1998)

A circular mass-accelerator concept is described in which a projectile of large mass could be accelerated to high velocity using a relatively low-power input (compared to a hypervelocity gun ). The machine, called a slingatron, is dynamically similar to the ancient sling, and has a phase stability similar to a modern synchrotron. The projectile slides in a low-friction manner around the accelerator ring using a gas bearing, and work is done on the mass by a phased small-amplitude gyration of the entire accelerator ring. A spiral version of the accelerator (that gyrates with a constant frequency ) is also discussed that is phase stable and analogous to a cyclotron. The radius of the ring (or outer ring for the spiral ) could range from meters to kilometers, and potential applications include hypervelocity impact research, ground-to-space launch of rocket projectiles, and propulsion. I. Introduction A MASS accelerator, called a slingatron, has been proposed in which a mass could be accelerated in an evacuated guide tube around a circular path of large radius to high velocity. 1 The slingatron is similar to both the ancient sling and also to a modern synchrotron in that the mass is accelerated around the accelerator ring by a wave in which the mass has phase stability. Work is done on the mass by a small-amplitude gyration of the entire accelerator ring (like a giant hula-hoop ) that continually pulls the mass radially inward against its centrifugal force, and the accelerating force is an example of a Coriolis force. There is no string to break as in a conventional sling and the process is efe cient, even though the ring mass is much larger than the accelerated mass. It is analogous to swirling coffee in a cup without a spoon by moving the cup in a small circle. Because the ratio of the ring radius to the small gyration radius is large, huge wave speeds can be implemented mechanically and controlled electronically. The accelerated mass (called a sled or projectile) must slide around the accelerator ring with a low-friction coefe cient as it is pushed by centrifugal force against the track inside the guide tube. Frictional forces can be made small by either using a lubricating e lm of gas (a gas bearing ) between the sled and the track, or by magnetically levitating the sled above the track. The gas-bearing sled is much easier to engineer and has the advantages that a room-temperature steel track can be used, and higher bearing pressures (and centrifugal forces ) are more easily accommodated. It will be emphasized in this paper because magnetic levitation was discussed earlier. 1
Using Dependency Tracking to Provide Explanations for Policy Management (2008)

Explanations for decisions made by a policy framework allow end users to understand how the results were obtained, increase trust in the policy decision and enforcement process, and enable policy administrators to ensure the correctness of the policy. In our framework, an explanation for any statement including a policy decision is a representation of the list of reasons (known as dependencies) associated with its derivation. Dependency tracking involves maintaining the list of reasons (statements and rules) for the derivation of a new statement. In this paper, we describe our policy approach that (i) provides explanations for policy decisions, (ii) provides more efficient and expressive reasoning through the use of nested sub-rules and goal direction, and (Hi) is grounded in semantic Web technologies. We discuss the characteristics of our approach and provide a brief overview of the AIR policy language that implements it. We also discuss how relevant explanation information is identified and presented to end users and describe our preliminary graphical user interface.
Chemical Surface Modification of Porous Silicon (1993)

Resistance to room temperature oxidation and control over wetting properties can be achieved by chemical modification of a porous‐silicon surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used in the transmission mode to monitor the surface chemistry of both treated and untreated porous‐silicon samples before and after exposure to humid air at room temperature. Surface modification methods investigated include: (i) vapor‐phase silation using either hexamethyl‐disilazane or trimethylchlorosilane, and (ii) rapid thermal annealing in nitrogen, ammonia, or argon ambients. The silation treatments, carried out in the presence of trace moisture, were successful both in creating surface trimethylsilyl groups and in suppressing room temperature oxidation. Rapid thermal annealing at temperatures as low as 500°C for 30 s eliminates all silicon hydrides. Nitrided porous‐silicon layers are formed at 1100°C in either ammonia or nitrogen; in both cases the silicon nitride infrared absorption peaks scale with the porous layer thickness, indicating that the compounds are distributed throughout the porous layer.
Immunohistological Localization of Cell Adhesion Proteins and Integrins in the Periodontium (1992)

The distribution of the cell adhesion proteins vitronectin, fibronectin, tenascin, and laminin as well as several integrin subunits, alpha 2, alpha 5, and alpha v, was studied in primate periodontal tissues. Full baboon mandibular sections were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods in order to localize the molecules studied in both soft and hard tissues. Vitronectin was associated with the connective tissue of the marginal gingiva, the periodontal ligament, as well as the endosteum and periosteum. A notable finding was the particularly high staining intensity of vitronectin in the periodontal ligament. Fibronectin was widely distributed in the periodontal connective tissue and was also localized to the pericellular matrix of osteocytes and blood vascular elements. Epithelial basement membranes stained positively for both fibronectin and tenascin. These proteins were also expressed in the periosteal and endosteal connective tissues and the periodontal ligament. The staining intensity for tenascin was higher in zones along the cementum and bone surfaces. Laminin was, characteristically, limited to basement membranes of epithelium and endothelium. The distribution of fibronectin, tenascin, and laminin is related to previous findings in other species. The localization of the several integrin alpha-subunits is also described in full baboon mandibular sections. The vitronectin receptor (alpha v) had a uniquely strong expression in osteoclasts of the alveolar bone and was found, at lesser intensity, on periodontal ligament fibroblasts. The fibronectin receptor alpha subunit, alpha 5, was also observed on osteoclasts, and, in addition, was widely distributed on fibroblasts, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Convenient Synthesis of Methyl (<i>Z</i>)-1-Carbamoyl-2-ethenylcyclopropanecarboxylate and (<i>Z</i>)-1-Carbamoyl-2-ethenylcyclopropanecarboxylic Acid (1994)

Abstract A simple method for the preparation of the title compounds via the reaction of dimethyl 2-ethenylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate with 6M ammonia in methanol is described.
[Effect of guanosine-5'-monophosphate and inosine on the isolated heart of the frog]. (1986)

The chronotropic and inotropic effects of guanosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) and inosine were investigated in isolated frog hearts. 5'-GMP induced biphasic chronotropic and inotropic responses: positive those were inhibited with propranolol, the negative inotropic response could not be inhibited with atropine. Inosine was able to enhance the positive inotropic response to 5'-GMP.
Low-Complexity Method for Transmit Beamforming in MIMO Radars (2007)

MIMO radar is a new concept in which radar employs multiple waveforms to improve its performance. Previously, a transmit beamforming method was proposed for MIMO radars. This method allows optimization of the beampattern by altering the cross-correlation matrix of the transmitted waveforms. The optimization is based on minimization of a cost function, but the use of numerical methods in the algorithm leads to high computational complexity. Here we propose a new cost function for the beampattern optimization. For linear arrays and typical beampatterns, this cost function can be evaluated in closed form, thus reducing the computational complexity considerably. Simulation examples demonstrate that the proposed cost function also leads to faster convergence and lower approximation error.
High-Frequency Crystal Units for Primary Frequency Standards (1952)

A new approach to the design of crystal units for primary frequency standard use has resulted in crystal units in the 3- to 20-mc frequency range characterized by high Q and low capacitance in the series arm of the equivalent electrical circuit. By utilizing the overtone frequency of specially shaped AT-cut quartz plates, both Q and the rate of impedance change with frequency are enhanced together, and in addition the stability with time of the crystal unit is increased because of a larger frequency-determining dimension. Additional characteristics of the crystal units include small size, stability under conditions of vibration and shock, and low-temperature coefficient. Crystal-oscillator stabilities of one part in 108 per month have been achieved without recourse to stabilized circuits.