gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast implementations of secret-key block ciphers using mixed inner- and outer-round pipelining (2001)

The new design methodology for secret-key block ciphers, based on introducing an optimum number of pipeline stages inside of a cipher round is presented and evaluated. This methodology is applied to five well-known modern ciphers, Triple DES, Rijndael, RC6, Serpent, and Twofish, with the goal to first obtain the architecture with the optimum throughput to area ratio, and then the architecture with the highest possible throughput. All ciphers are modeled in VHDL, and implemented using Xilinx Virtex FPGA devices. It is demonstrated that all investigated ciphers can operate with similar maximum clock frequencies, in the range from 95 to 131 MHz, limited only by the delay of a single CLB layer and delays of interconnects. Rijndael, RC6, Twofish, and Serpent achieve throughputs in the range from 12.1 Gbit/s to 16.8 Gbit/s; and Triple DES achieves the throughput of 7.5 Gbit/s. Because of the optimum speed to cost ratio, the proposed architecture seems to be very well suited for practical implementations of secret-key block ciphers using both FPGAs and custom ASICs. We also show that using this architecture for comparing hardware performance of secret-key block ciphers, such as AES candidates, operating in non-feedback cipher modes, leads to the more prudent and fairer analysis than comparisons based on other types of pipelined architectures.
Active-Site Residues of <i>Escherichia coli</i> DNA Gyrase Required in Coupling ATP Hydrolysis to DNA Supercoiling and Amino Acid Substitutions Leading to Novobiocin Resistance (2003)

DNA gyrase is a bacterial type II topoisomerase which couples the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to the introduction of negative supercoils into DNA. Amino acids in proximity to bound nonhydrolyzable ATP analog (AMP. PNP) or novobiocin in the gyrase B (GyrB) subunit crystal structures were examined for their roles in enzyme function and novobiocin resistance by site-directed mutagenesis. Purified Escherichia coli GyrB mutant proteins were complexed with the gyrase A subunit to form the functional A(2)B(2) gyrase enzyme. Mutant proteins with alanine substitutions at residues E42, N46, E50, D73, R76, G77, and I78 had reduced or no detectable ATPase activity, indicating a role for these residues in ATP hydrolysis. Interestingly, GyrB proteins with P79A and K103A substitutions retained significant levels of ATPase activity yet demonstrated no DNA supercoiling activity, even with 40-fold more enzyme than the wild-type enzyme, suggesting that these amino acid side chains have a role in the coupling of the two activities. All enzymes relaxed supercoiled DNA to the same extent as the wild-type enzyme did, implying that only ATP-dependent reactions were affected. Mutant genes were examined in vivo for their abilities to complement a temperature-sensitive E. coli gyrB mutant, and the activities correlated well with the in vitro activities. We show that the known R136 novobiocin resistance mutations bestow a significant loss of inhibitor potency in the ATPase assay. Four new residues (D73, G77, I78, and T165) that, when changed to the appropriate amino acid, result in both significant levels of novobiocin resistance and maintain in vivo function were identified in E. coli.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Perfluorocyclobutyl Aromatic Ether-Based ABA Triblock Copolymer (2005)

A novel perfluorocyclobutyl aromatic ether-based ABA triblock copolymer (A: polystyrene block; B: perfluorocyclobutyl aromatic ether-based fluoropolymer block) was synthesized by combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and thermal step-growth cycloaddition polymerization of trifluorovinyl monomer. We first synthesized a new ATRP initiator containing the trifluorovinyl group, which can initiate ATRP of styrene in a controlled way to obtain well-defined polystyrene with narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 1.10). The apparent polymerization rate exhibited first-order relation with respect to the concentration of monomer and the molecular weight increases linearly with the conversion of monomer. Second, fluoropolymer containing a perfluorocyclobutyl aromatic ether unit was prepared by solution polymerization and followed by reacting with ATRP initiator containing a trifluorovinyl group to get ATRP macroinitiator with two initiation groups at both ends. The macroinitiator-initiated ATRP of styrene to obtain ABA triblock copolymer. The copolymer shows excellent solubility in conventional solvents.
Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of a cDNA encoding a mouse glutathione <i>S</i>-transferase Yc subunit possessing high catalytic activity for aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide (1992)

Resistance to the carcinogenic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the mouse is due to the constitutive expression of an Alpha-class glutathione S-transferase (GST), YcYc, with high detoxification activity towards AFB1-8,9-epoxide. A cDNA clone (pmusGST Yc) for a murine GST Yc polypeptide has been isolated. Sequencing has shown the cDNA insert of pmusGST Yc to be 922 bp in length, with an open reading frame of 663 bp that encodes a polypeptide of M(r) 25358. The primary structure of the murine GST Yc subunit predicted by pmusGST Yc is in complete agreement with the partial amino acid sequence of the aflatoxin-metabolizing mouse liver GST described previously [McLellan, Kerr, Cronshaw & Hayes (1991) Biochem. J. 276, 461-469]. A plasmid, termed pKK-musGST Yc, which permits the expression of the murine Yc subunit in Escherichia coli, has been constructed. The murine GST expressed in E. coli was purified and found to be catalytically active towards several GST substrates, including AFB1-8,9-epoxide. This enzyme was also found to possess electrophoretic and immunochemical properties closely similar to those of the GST Yc subunit from mouse liver. However, the GST synthesized in E. coli and the constitutive mouse liver Alpha-class GST exhibited small differences in their chromatographic behaviour during reverse-phase h.p.l.c. Automated Edman degradation revealed alanine to be the N-terminal amino acid in the GST Yc subunit expressed in E. coli, whereas the enzyme in mouse liver possesses a blocked N-terminus. Although sequencing showed that the purified Yc subunit from E. coli lacked the initiator methionine, the amino acid sequence obtained over the first eleven N-terminal residues agreed with that predicted from the cDNA clone, pmusGST Yc. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the mouse Yc polypeptide with the primary structures of the rat Alpha-class GST enzymes revealed that it is more closely related to the ethoxyquin-induced rat liver Yc2 subunit than to the constitutively expressed rat liver Yc1 subunit. The significance of the fact that both mouse Yc and rat Yc2 exhibit high catalytic activity towards AFB1-8,9-epoxide, whereas rat Yc1 possesses little activity towards this compound, is discussed in terms of structure/function.
Monitoring the Thermal Power of Nuclear Reactors with a Prototype Cubic Meter Antineutrino Detector (2008)

In this paper, we estimate how quickly and how precisely a reactor's operational status and thermal power can be monitored over hour to month time scales, using the antineutrino rate as measured by a cubic meter scale detector. Our results are obtained from a detector we have deployed and operated at 25 meter standoff from a reactor core. This prototype can detect a prompt reactor shutdown within five hours, and monitor relative thermal power to three percent within seven days. Monitoring of short-term power changes in this way may be useful in the context of International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) Reactor Safeguards Regime, or other cooperative monitoring regimes.
Notch-1 activation by familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD)-linked mutant forms of presenilin-1 (2000)

We prepared a cleavage site-directed antibody against Notch-1, that specifically recognized the cleaved Notch-1 intracellular domain (NICD). To assess Notch-1 processing and its nuclear localization in familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD)-linked presenilin-1 (PS-1) mutants, we overexpressed wild type, M146V, A246E, C410Y, or deltaE9 PS-1 mutant with a membrane-bound Notch-1 in a PS-1-deficient cell line. On Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses using the NICD specific antibody, M146V and A246E mutants showed the comparable levels of Notch-1 processing and nuclear localizing activities to wild type PS-1 whereas C410Y and deltaE9 mutants failed to show these activities. These results suggest that the loss or partial loss of PS-1 activities in Notch-1 proteolysis and its nuclear translocation may be irrelevant for the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease.
Inclusion of coconut oil in diets for turkey breeders and its effects on embryonic yolk and liver fatty acids (1997)

Turkey hens were fed either a standard breeder diet (CON, myristic acid, C14.0, 1.1%; palmitic acid, C16:0, 16.8%; oleic acid, C18:1, 23%; linoleic acid, C18:2, 48.7%) or a diet containing 5% coconut oil (COCO) enriched with medium chain fatty acids (MCFA; lauric acid, C12:0, 22.6%; C14:0, 10.8%; C16:0, 12.5%; C18:1, 14.8%; C18:2, 24.6%). After 10 d on the diets, fresh eggs were collected for yolk lipid and fatty acid (FA) determination. An additional 60 to 95 eggs were incubated and the FA profiles of the neutral lipid (NL) and phospholipid (PL) fractions of yolk sac and liver lipids were determined. The NL fraction of the yolk sac from CON eggs contained less C12:0 (0 vs 0.49%) and C14:0 (0.7 vs 4.6%) and more C18:1 (41.3 vs 37.5%). The PL fraction of the yolk sac from both treatments contained < 1% C14:0, and there was less than a 2% difference between treatments in other FA concentrations. The hepatic NL fraction from both treatments contained < 1% C14:0 and only C18:1 showed > 1% differences between treatments (Control = 59.9%; COCO = 56.62%). There were no dietary effects on the FA profile of hepatic PL. The presence of only minimal quantities of MCFA in hepatic NL and PL suggests that absorbed yolk sac MCFA are extensively metabolized during embryonic development.
Simulating moth wing aerodynamics - Towards the development of flapping-wing technology (1996)

The mechanization of flapping-wing flight is addressed. A tethered moth's flapping wings are simulated using an unsteady aerodynamic panel method and accounts for wing flexibility using a finite element model. The resultant simulation code delineates both the aerodynamic and inertial forces acting on flapping, flexible wings undergoing arbitrary motion in the presence of large-scale vortices and establishes the importance of including the wake in the unsteady analysis of flapping flexible wings. A switching pattern is discovered where the magnitude and direction of the aerodynamic force are decoupled, thereby pointing to a means whereby control is achieved. Overall, important groundwork necessary for the establishment of the principles of flapping-wing flight is laid, leading to the development of a highly agile, alternative flight technology.
PINK1 mutations are associated with sporadic early‐onset parkinsonism (2004)

We have recently reported homozygous mutations in the PINK1 gene in three consanguineous families with early-onset parkinsonism (EOP) linked to the PARK6 locus. To further evaluate the pathogenic role of PINK1 in EOP and to draw genotype-phenotype correlates, we performed PINK1 mutation analysis in a cohort of Italian EOP patients, mostly sporadic, with onset younger than 50 years of age. Seven of 100 patients carried missense mutations in PINK1. Two patients had two PINK1 mutations, whereas in five patients only one mutation was identified. Age at onset was in the fourth-fifth decade (range, 37-47 years). The clinical picture was characterized by a typical parkinsonian phenotype with asymmetric onset and rare occurrence of atypical features. Slow progression and excellent response to levodopa were observed in all subject. Two of 200 healthy control individuals also carried one heterozygous missense mutation. The identification of a higher number of patients (5%) than controls (1%) carrying a single heterozygous mutation, along with previous positron emission tomography studies demonstrating a preclinical nigrostriatal dysfunction in PARK6 carriers, supports the hypothesis that haploinsufficiency of PINK1, as well as of other EOP genes, may represent a susceptibility factor toward parkinsonism. However, the pathogenetic significance of heterozygous PINK1 mutations still remains to be clarified.
Ternary-to-analog converters using resistor ladders (1979)

A description of ternary-to-analog (T/A) converters with high accuracy is given. These converters consist of the modified resistor ladder and some other circuit elements. The 5-trit T/A converter is constructed, and the results show that the maximum differential linearity error is 0.1 least significant trit (LST).
Criteria for H-Matrices Based on γ−Diagonally Dominant Matrix (2019)

In this paper, we present a new practical criteria for H-matrix based on &gamma;-diagonally dominant matrix. In order to make the judgment conditions convenient and effective, we give two new definitions, one is called strong and weak diagonally dominant degree, the other is called the sum of non-principal diagonal element for the matrix. Further, we obtain a new practical method for the determination of the H-matrix by combining the properties of &gamma;-diagonally dominant matrix, constructing positive diagonal matrix, and adding the appropriate parameters. Finally, we offer numerical examples to verify the validity of the judgment conditions, corresponding numerical examples compared the new criteria and the existing results are presented to verify the advantages of the new determination method.
A beam separator with small aberrations (1999)

Journal Article A beam separator with small aberrations Get access H. Müller, H. Müller Institute of Applied Physics, Hochschulstr6, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Preikszas, D. Preikszas * Institute of Applied Physics, Hochschulstr6, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany *To whom correspondence should be addressed.E-mail: dirk@Itoi.iap.physik.tu-darmstadt.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Rose H. Rose Institute of Applied Physics, Hochschulstr6, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Electron Microscopy, Volume 48, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 191–204, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023670 Published: 01 January 1999 Article history Accepted: 14 January 1998 Received: 27 October 1998 Published: 01 January 1999
Monoclonal antibodies to human primary uveal melanomas demonstrate tumor heterogeneity. (1986)

Five rat monoclonal antibodies to human uveal melanoma were produced using primary tumor tissue for immunization and screening. These monoclonal antibodies were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against 12 uveal melanomas, one breast carcinoma, and peripheral blood lymphocytes from five healthy volunteers. One monoclonal antibody, 4A3, reacted against all the melanomas and none of the controls. On immunoblotting, this monoclonal antibody identified a protein doublet in the molecular weight range 55,000. With these monoclonal antibodies, it was possible to demonstrate significant variation in the antigenic profiles of the uveal melanomas which was not present in the controls.
Distribution and Properties of Alkaline Pyrophosphatases of Rat Liver (1970)

A study of the distribution of alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase [alkaline PP1ase, EC 3.6.1.1] in the subcellular fractions of rat liver indicated that in addition to the PP1ase present in the cytosol, there were two isoenzymes in mitochondria (Mt. I and Mt. II) which were electrophoretically different from the cytosol enzyme. PP1ase activities found in purified nuclei and lysosomes can be accounted for by contaminating mitochondria. All three PP1ases which were partially purified had pH optima at 8 and estimated molecular weight of 68, 000. They were activated by Mg2+, and markedly inhibited by Zn2+, Mn2+Hg2+, Cd2+, Ca2+ and F-; they were rather unstable to air oxidation and stablized in the presence of cysteine. The three isoenzymes were different with regard to the effect of Mg2+, substrate specificity and inactivation by urea. Mg2+ which was essential for the activity of all three enzymes was inhibitory when present in excess. This inhibition was more marked with the cytosol and Mt. II enzymes and less so with Mt. I. The cytosol PP1ase was rather specific for PP1 hydrolysis, while mitochondrial enzymes also hydrolyzed nucleo-side polyphosphates at considerable rates. The urea concentrations required for 50% inactivation were 1.2M for the cytosol enzyme and 2M for mitochondrial PP1ases.
Anomaly Detection for IoT Time-Series Data: A Survey (2020)

Anomaly detection is a problem with applications for a wide variety of domains; it involves the identification of novel or unexpected observations or sequences within the data being captured. The majority of current anomaly detection methods are highly specific to the individual use case, requiring expert knowledge of the method as well as the situation to which it is being applied. The Internet of Things (IoT) as a rapidly expanding field offers many opportunities for this type of data analysis to be implemented, however, due to the nature of the IoT, this may be difficult. This review provides a background on the challenges which may be encountered when applying anomaly detection techniques to IoT data, with examples of applications for the IoT anomaly detection taken from the literature. We discuss a range of approaches that have been developed across a variety of domains, not limited to IoT due to the relative novelty of this application. Finally, we summarize the current challenges being faced in the anomaly detection domain with a view to identifying potential research opportunities for the future.
American Sign Language Recognition Using Leap Motion Sensor (2014)

In this paper, we present an American Sign Language recognition system using a compact and affordable 3D motion sensor. The palm-sized Leap Motion sensor provides a much more portable and economical solution than Cyblerglove or Microsoft kinect used in existing studies. We apply k-nearest neighbor and support vector machine to classify the 26 letters of the English alphabet in American Sign Language using the derived features from the sensory data. The experiment result shows that the highest average classification rate of 72.78% and 79.83% was achieved by k-nearest neighbor and support vector machine respectively. We also provide detailed discussions on the parameter setting in machine learning methods and accuracy of specific alphabet letters in this paper.
Strukturvergleiche an ternären und quarternären Oxiden (1966)

Abstract Li 2 SnO 3 tritt in zwei Modifikationen auf, einer α‐Form unterhalb 800°C, welche zu den Raumgruppen C 2h 3 = C2/m oder D 3 3 = C3 1 12 oder der enantiomorphen D = C3 2 12 gehört, und einer oberhalb 1000°C stabilen β‐Form in C = C2/c. Diese Strukturen entsprechen verschiedenen Stapelungen von wabenartigen Sn‐Schichten in Oktaederlücken. α‐Diagramme zeigen auch Na 2 SnO 3 , Na 2 ZrO 3 und Li 2 MnO 3 , ferner die neuen Verbindungen Na 2 TbO 3 und Na 2 HfO 3 . Li 4 MgReO 6 kristallisiert in einer ähnlichen Struktur, wobei Mg 2+ und Re 6+ abwechselnd Sn 4+ ersetzen. Ähnliches gilt auch für Li 5 JO 6 , Li 5 OsO 6 , Li 5 ReO 6 und Li 5 TcO 6 . For β‐Li 3 ReO 4 und Li 6 MgRe 2 O 9 werden symmetrische Kationenanordnungen vorgeschlagen. Abschließend werden alle bislang bekannten, mit Li 2 SnO 3 isotypen Verbindungen zusammengestellt.
Hoechst 33342 dye uptake as a probe of membrane permeability changes in mammalian cells. (1981)

Flow cytometric analysis of the uptake of the DNA-specific and fluorescent probe Hoechst 33342 (HO342) offers a simple and rapid method for measuring membrane transport rates in mammalian cells and identifying cellular subpopulations that differ in their membrane transport rates. In a Chinese hamster ovary wild-type cell line and in three colchicine-resistant lines derived from it, the rate of uptake of HO342 dye decreases as the stepwise resistance to colchicine increases. A colchicine-sensitive revertant cell line shows an increased rate of dye uptake. Drug resistance in these lines has previously been shown to be related to changes in transport rate. In a manner similar to colchicine, the rate of uptake of HO342 dye shows nonsaturation kinetics. The effects of KCN, a metabolic inhibitor, on HO342 dye uptake, both in the presence and in the absence of glucose, is similar to that previously observed for colchicine uptake. When murine spleen cells are stained with HO342 under appropriate conditions, one sees two populations of lymphocytes differing in HO342 fluorescence intensity, a difference not related to DNA content. The two subpopulations show the same relative difference in both colchicine and HO342 uptake. HO342 dye appears, therefore, to enter mammalian cells by the same mechanism as colchicine--i.e., by unmediated diffusion--and can be used as a probe of cytoplasmic membrane permeability. Potential applications of the dye in studies of drug resistance, detection of activated T cells, and recognition of lymphocyte subpopulations are discussed.
Multiaccess, Mobility and Teletraffic for Personal Communications (1996)

The success of first and second generation wireless systems has paved the way for further research opportunities towards the next generation systems. The two standards, GSM and IS-95 based on TDMA and CDMA respectively, have deeply influenced our system-level understanding, bringing new perspectives on the problems associated with wireless networks and potential for innovations. This volume presents a collection of papers on multiaccess, mobility and tele-traffic for personal communications treating many of the important subjects of the next generation systems. These include topics dealing with theoretical information aspects, channel modeling, diversity, interference control, resource allocation, power control, packet multi-access, stochastic modeling of mobility and traffic, and wireless network control
Real-time movement detection and analysis for video surveillance applications (2014)

Pedestrian movement along critical infrastructures like pipes, railways or highways, is of major interest in surveillance applications as well as its behavior in urban environment. The goal is to anticipate illicit or dangerous human activities. For this purpose, we propose an all-in-one small autonomous system which delivers high level statistics and reports alerts in specific cases. This situational awareness project leads us to manage efficiently the scene by performing movement analysis. A dynamic background extraction algorithm is developed to reach the degree of robustness against natural and urban environment perturbations and also to match the embedded implementation constraints. When changes are detected in the scene, specific patterns are applied to detect and highlight relevant movements. Depending on the applications, specific descriptors can be extracted and fused in order to reach a high level of interpretation. In this paper, our approach is applied to two operational use cases: pedestrian urban statistics and railway surveillance. In the first case, a grid of prototypes is deployed over a city centre to collect pedestrian movement statistics up to a macroscopic level of analysis. The results demonstrate the relevance of the delivered information; in particular, the flow density map highlights pedestrian preferential paths along the streets. In the second case, one prototype is set next to high speed train tracks to secure the area. The results exhibit a low false alarm rate and assess our approach of a large sensor network for delivering a precise operational picture without overwhelming a supervisor.