gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical comparison of performance limits of single- and multiple-stage photovoltaic devices (2014)

Theoretical projections of the power enhancement of photovoltaic (PV) devices offered by the multiple-stage interband cascade (IC) architecture are presented. This work focuses on the improvement this architecture offers for the case of single-bandgap PV devices with negligible series resistance and shunting effects. It is shown that the power efficiency enhancement offered by a multiple-stage device, compared to a simple single-absorber device, is roughly equal to the improvement in the particle conversion efficiency (PCE). In conventional single-absorber PV devices, the PCE is fundamentally limited by the parameters of the absorber material, i.e. the absorption coefficient and the minority carrier diffusion length. The IC architecture circumvents the diffusion length limitation and should be useful for narrow-bandgap semiconductors that are used for thermophotovoltaic applications. The ability to adjust both the absorber thickness in each stage and the number of cascade stages should enable IC PV devices to achieve optimized power conversion efficiency by achieving current matching in each stage.
Evidence for Contribution of Neutral Trehalase in Barotolerance of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2000)

In yeast, trehalose accumulation and its hydrolysis, which is catalyzed by neutral trehalase, are believed to be important for thermotolerance. We have shown that trehalose is one of the important factors for barotolerance (resistance to hydrostatic pressure); however, nothing is known about the role of neutral trehalase in barotolerance. To estimate the contribution of neutral trehalase in resisting high hydrostatic pressure, we measured the barotolerance of neutral trehalase I and/or neutral trehalase II deletion strains. Under 180 MPa of pressure for 2 h, the neutral trehalase I deletion strain showed higher barotolerance in logarithmic-phase cells and lower barotolerance in stationary-phase cells than the wild-type strain. Introduction of the neutral trehalase I gene (NTH1) into the deletion mutant restored barotolerance defects in stationary-phase cells. Furthermore, we assessed the contribution of neutral trehalase during pressure and recovery conditions by varying the expression of NTH1 or neutral trehalase activity with a galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter with either glucose or galactose. The low barotolerance observed with glucose repression of neutral trehalase from the GAL1 promoter was restored during recovery with galactose induction. Our results suggest that neutral trehalase contributes to barotolerance, especially during recovery.
Strong Birefringence Tuning of Optical Waveguides With Femtosecond Laser Irradiation of Bulk Fused Silica and Single Mode Fibers (2013)

Birefringence tunability is demonstrated in waveguides formed in bulk fused silica and in the core of single mode fibers, by femtosecond laser writing of stress inducing tracks that are placed with different geometries around the core of the waveguides. The femtosecond laser generated stress effect was probed by the birefringence induced spectral splitting of either Bragg grating waveguides in bulk fused silica or weakly modulated, femtosecond laser induced Bragg gratings in optical fibers. Birefringence values as low as <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX"> $\hbox{4} \times \hbox{10}^{-6}$</tex></formula> and up to <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{2} \times \hbox{10}^{-3}$</tex></formula> were obtained by controlling the fabrication conditions such as the laser pulse energy, the writing femtosecond laser polarization, the number of overwriting exposures, and the geometry of the induced stress tracks. Wave retarders are developed and characterized by a cross polarization technique to provide the spectral response of the stress induced birefringence, offering the convenient fabrication of short length and broadband in-line polarization devices. With this approach, millimeter length tracks provided 10 nm bandwidth polarization retarders in a single mode fiber and a 65 nm bandwidth retarders in bulk fused silica.
An FPGA Implementation for Solving Least Square Problem (2009)

This paper proposes a high performance least square solver on FPGAs using the Cholesky decomposition method. Our design can be realized by iteratively adopting a single triangular linear equation solver for modified Cholesky decomposition and forward/backward substitutions. Good performance is achieved by optimizing the Cholesky factorization algorithms, reordering the computation and thus alleviating the data dependency. Dedicated hardware architecture for solving triangular linear equations is designed and implemented for different precision requirements. Compared to software on a Pentium 4, our design achieves a significant speedup.
Single-mode operation of mushroom structure surface emitting lasers (1991)

Mushroom structure vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with a 0.6- mu m GaAs active layer sandwiched by two Al/sub 0.6/Ga/sub 0.4/As-Al/sub 0.08/Ga/sub 0.92/As multilayers as top and bottom mirrors are discussed. The lasers exhibit a 15-mA pulses threshold current at 880 nm. Single longitudinal and single transverse mode operation was achieved on lasers with a 5- mu m-diameter active region of current levels near 2*l/sub th/. The light output above threshold current was linearly polarized with a polarization ratio of 25:1.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Kant's Antinomy of Reflective Judgment: A Re-evaluation ∗ (2004)

The aim of this paper is to show that there is a genuine difficulty in Kant’s argument regarding the connection between mechanism and teleology. But this difficulty is not the one that is usually underlined. Far from consisting in a contradiction between the first and the third Critique, I argue that the genuine difficulty is intrinsic to the antinomy of reflective judgement: rather than having any hope of resolving anything, it consists in an inescapable conflict. In order to support this claim, I show firstly why converting the thesis of the antinomy about mechanism into reflective\njudgement does not require renunciation of the universality of causality demonstrated in the first Critique. Then, I suggest that the actual difficulty with Kant’s argument is that there is a genuine conflict inherent in the reflective form of the antinomy. Finally, I examine in detail the antinomy of reflective judgement and compare it to the other Kantian antinomies in order to show that its uniqueness makes it uniquely troubling. This leads me to conclude that the Kantian resolution of the conflict between mechanism and teleology is unsatisfactory.
A study on the Korean Geodetic System (1995) and World Geodetic System (1984) (1997)

World Geodetic System 1984, which is a geocentric datum with the origin of earth's center of mass, provides a reference system for Global Positioning System. Korean Geodetic System 1995 (KGS95) has been developed as a geodetic system adapted to WGS84 in Korea. The KGS95 networks consist of thirty one GPS stations with the Korean horizontal control point, and twenty nine stations including precise WGS84 coordinates and Bessel coordinates simultaneously in the KGS95 network are used and analyzed to determine the datum transformation parameters by the least square method. Transformations by seven parameter method, Molodensky Formulas, Multiple Regression Equations, and Universal Transverse Mercator method are investigated to calculate the inconsistancy with two datums. The datum transformation parameters are developed for the new KGS95, and updated results are represented in the distribution chart. A program is developed on the basis of datum transformation parameters. Using this program, geodetic coordinate and mapping coordinate could be calculated accurately.
Human visual weighted progressive image transmission (1990)

A progressive image transmission scheme which combines transform coding with the human visual system (HVS) model is developed. The adaptive transform coding of W.H. Chen and C.H. Smith (1977) is utilized to classify an image into four equally populated subblocks based on their AC energies. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the HVS model is obtained experimentally, based on processing a number of test images. A simplified technique for incorporating the MTF into the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain is utilized. In the hierarchical image buildup, the image is first reconstructed from the DC coefficients of all subblocks. Further transmission hierarchy of transform coefficients and consequent image buildup are dependent on their HVS weighted variances. The HVS weighted reconstructed images are compared to the ones without any weighting at several stages. The HVS weighted progressive image transmission results in perceptually higher quality images compared to the unweighted scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of novel retinoid X receptor-selective ligands on myeloid leukemia differentiation and proliferation in vitro (1996)

The biologic effects of retinoids such as all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9-cis-retinoic acid on proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells are mediated by binding and activating two distinct families of transcription factors: the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs). The RARs require heterodimerization with RXRs; in addition, RXRs can form homodimers, which can bind to DNA response elements that are either distinct or the same as those bound by the RAR/RXR heterodimers. Therefore, the two retinoid pathways provide sequences that are specific for effective DNA binding and activation of target genes. We have developed several series of novel synthetic retinoids that selectively interact with RXR/RXR homodimers and RAR/RXR heterodimers. We show here that SR11236 and SR11246, which are RXR-selective analogs, had little ability to inhibit clonal growth and induce differentiation of leukemic cells (HL-60 cells and fresh acute myeloid leukemia cells). However, SR11249, SR11256, and LGD1069, which activated both RXR/RXR homodimers and RAR/RXR heterodimers, could inhibit clonal growth and induce differentiation of HL-60 cells as well as leukemic cells from patients, including those with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). This is similar to results observed with RAR/RXR-specific ligands. Interestingly, the combination of ATRA and either SR11249, SR11256, or LGD1069 showed synergistic effects in inducing differentiation of HL-60 cells. A retinoid (SR11238) with strong anti-AP-1 activity that did not activate the RARs and RXRs for gene transcription from the response element TREpal was inactive in our assay systems, suggesting that the antiproliferative effects of retinoids on leukemic cells is not mediated by inhibiting the AP-1 pathway. We conclude that the RAR/RXR pathway is more important than RXR/RXR pathway for differentiation and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemic cells, and certain retinoids or combination of retinoids with both RAR and RXR specificities may synergistically enhance the differentiation activity of ATRA, which may be relevant in several clinical situations.
Analysis of the frequency of oncogenic driver mutations and correlation with clinicopathological characteristics in patients with lung adenocarcinoma from Northeastern Switzerland (2019)

The EGFR mutation rate in the current study is among the higher previously reported mutation rates, while the frequencies of KRAS, BRAF, ERBB2 and PIK3CA mutations and ALK, ROS1 and RET rearrangements are similar to the results of previous reports. EGFR and KRAS mutations were significantly associated with gender and smoking. ALK rearrangements showed a significant association with smoking status alone.
Functional analysis of a duplication (p.E63_D69dup) in the switch II region of HRAS: new aspects of the molecular pathogenesis underlying Costello syndrome (2013)

Costello syndrome is a congenital disorder comprising a characteristic face, severe feeding difficulties, skeletal, cardiac and skin abnormalities, intellectual disability and predisposition to malignancies. It is caused by heterozygous germline HRAS mutations mostly affecting Gly(12) or Gly(13), which impair HRAS-GTPase activity and result in increased downstream signal flow independent of incoming signals. Functional analyses of rarer HRAS mutations identified in individuals with attenuated Costello syndrome phenotypes revealed altered GDP/GTP nucleotide affinities (p.K117R) and inefficient effector binding (p.E37dup). Thus, both phenotypic and functional variability associated with HRAS mutations are evident. Here, we report on a novel heterozygous HRAS germline mutation (c.187_207dup, p.E63_D69dup) in a girl presenting with a phenotype at the milder end of the Costello syndrome spectrum. The p.E63_D69dup mutation impaired co-precipitation of recombinant HRAS with NF1 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) suggesting constitutive HRAS(E63_D69dup) activation due to GAP insensitivity. Indeed, we identified strongly augmented active HRAS(E63_D69dup) that co-precipitated with effectors RAF1, RAL guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator and phospholipase C1. However, we could not pull down active HRAS(E63_D69dup) using the target protein PIK3CA, indicating a compromised association between active HRAS(E63_D69dup) and PIK3CA. Accordingly, overexpression of HRAS(E63_D69dup) increased steady-state phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 downstream of RAF, whereas AKT phosphorylation downstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) was not enhanced. By analyzing signaling dynamics, we found that HRAS(E63_D69dup) has impaired reagibility to stimuli resulting in reduced and disrupted capacity to transduce incoming signals to the RAF-MAPK and PI3K-AKT cascade, respectively. We suggest that disrupted HRAS reagibility, as we demonstrate for the p.E63_D69dup mutation, is a previously unappreciated molecular pathomechanism underlying Costello syndrome.
Pararosaniline pamoate (CI-403-A) in the treatment of Schistosoma japonicum infection in the Philippines. (1967)

Trials have been carried out, first on a relatively small scale among patients in Manila and later on a larger scale among domiciliary patients in an area of endemic schistosomiasis in Leyte Province, Philippines, with various dosage schedules of pararosaniline pamoate (CI-403-A) to determine that drug's efficacy and optimum dosage against Schistosoma japonicum infection.Given orally in gelatin capsules, the drug was well tolerated even in children, with few side-effects, and was both curative and suppressive when administered in a maximum dosage of 35-40 mg/kg body-weight per day for as many as 52 days spread over a total treatment period of 203 days.The authors recommend its use for mass treatment, especially among schoolchildren, in combination with other established schistosomiasis control measures-health education, environmental sanitation, and snail control.
Application of Plasma Actuator in Aircraft (2015)

Nowadays, since air pollution, noise pollution and energy efficiency have becoming more important in the field of aviation, after recalling the research on plasma actuator, we discuss the experimental results and possible modification results after the installation of plasma actuators in aircrafts. It is believed that this act can help to solve both energy consumption, noise and air pollution.
Control simplification and stress reduction in a modified PWM zero voltage switching pole inverter (1999)

This paper discusses a modified PWM zero voltage switching pole inverter which allows for zero voltage switching of the main switch and zero current switching of the auxiliary switch. The proposal features simplified control and reduced auxiliary circuit stress in comparison with the auxiliary-resonant-commutated-pole-inverter (ARCPI). Operation and design aspects of the proposal are detailed in the paper. The proposal is verified by a 4.5 kW IGBT half bridge prototype.
Exchange-coupling-strength effect on the noise from soft magnetic underlayer (2005)

The exchange-coupling-strength effect on the magnetic properties and noise of laminated [FeCo(tnm)∕Ru(0.9nm)]nC(5nm) films as a magnetic soft underlayer (SUL) for perpendicular recording was investigated. It is found that the remanent magnetization decreases significantly with increasing the exchange-coupling strength, whereas, the coercivity remains almost unchanged. The spike noise is clearly seen in the single layer films without exchange coupling and its peak value is as high as 250 mV. The spike noise is significantly suppressed by introducing antiferromagnetic coupling and even eliminated in the films with strongest antiferromagnetic coupling. The noise peak value can be as low as 25 mV for the films with strongest coupling. The average noise decreases with increasing exchange-coupling strength, but increases linearly with increasing the Mrt of SUL. The noise-reduction mechanism is also discussed.
Leucine-Rich α2-Glycoprotein Is a Novel Biomarker of Neurodegenerative Disease in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Causes Neurodegeneration in Mouse Cerebral Cortex (2013)

Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein (LRG) is a protein induced by inflammation. It contains a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) structure and easily binds with other molecules. However, the function of LRG in the brain during aging and neurodegenerative diseases has not been investigated. Here, we measured human LRG (hLRG) concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and observed hLRG expression in post-mortem human cerebral cortex. We then generated transgenic (Tg) mice that over-expressed mouse LRG (mLRG) in the brain to examine the effects of mLRG accumulation. Finally, we examined protein-protein interactions using a protein microarray method to screen proteins with a high affinity for hLRG. The CSF concentration of hLRG increases with age and is significantly higher in patients with Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) than in healthy elderly people, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients, and individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tg mice exhibited neuronal degeneration and neuronal decline. Accumulation of LRG in the brains of PDD and PSP patients is not a primary etiological factor, but it is thought to be one of the causes of neurodegeneration. It is anticipated that hLRG CSF levels will be a useful biomarker for the early diagnosis of PDD and PSP.
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. An update. (1994)

PPHN remains a perplexing and frustrating disorder for primary care physicians and neonatologists. The diagnosis is difficult and the optimal management controversial. ECMO has become a lifesaving technological advance for infants who do not respond to conventional medical management, and neurodevelopmental outcome of infants treated with ECMO has been favorable. The most recent therapy with potential usefulness is inhaled nitric oxide which allows local vasodilator effects without unwanted systemic effects. Inhaled nitric oxide therapy for PPHN is still in the clinical trial phase and results of these trials will direct future use.
Synthesis of Methylpyridine Derivatives (XXII) (1965)

Various derivatives were prepared from 2-pyridineacetonitrile (III). Benzylation of III gave 1-benzyl-2-pyridineacetonitrile (IV) and 1, 1-dibenzyl-2-pyridineacetonitrile (V) which transited to their corresponding acid amides (VI and IX) by hydrolysis. Esterification of IV gave the ester (VII) of 1-benzyl-2-pyridineacetic acid. Reaction of VII with N, N-diethylethylenediamine gave the corresponding amide (VIII). The Curtius reaction of the methyl ester (VII a) of VII afforded 1-benzylimidazo [1, 5-a] pyridin-3 (2H)-one (XII) instead of the anticipated amine. Reaction of IV with 2-chloroethyldimethylamine gave 1-benzyl-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-2-pyridineacetonitrile (XIII) whose Grignard reaction furnished the corresponding ketone compound (XV).
Approaching car detection via clustering of vertical-horizontal line scanning optical edge flow (2012)

Here, we describe a method that detects vehicle(s) approaching from behind to a commuting car in the lane in which both are travelling. This research contributes to the development of driver assistance systems by means of informing them about the approaching traffic from behind and warn the drivers in case they are drowsy or not alert and the driving conditions are hazardous. We use the image pairs extracted from a video clip obtained from a video camera mounted on the back side of the car. This allows detection of the moving objects from the video image pairs using optical flow. Objects which are determined as not cars or vehicles have been eliminated by edge extraction. In turn, this approach leads to lessen the operation processing cost. Then, Density Histogram of Cluster Rows (DHCR) and Density Histogram of Cluster Columns (DHCC) are generated for the purpose of classification of motion vectors (MVs). Consequently, approching vehicles and cars are detected by localizing the place of the motion vector clusters using Vertical Horizontal Line Scanning (VHLS) as experimental results demonstrate.
Mechanism of Factor Va Inactivation by Plasmin (2001)

The coagulation cofactor Va (FVa) is a noncovalent heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain (FVaH) and a light chain (FVaL). Previously, the fibrinolytic effector plasmin (Pn) has been shown to inhibit FVa function. To understand this mechanism, the fragmentation profile of human FVa by Pn and the noncovalent association of the derived fragments were determined in the presence of Ca(2+) using anionic phospholipid (aPL)-coated microtiter wells and large (1 microm) aPL micelles as affinity matrices. Following Pn inactivation of aPL-bound FVa, a total of 16 fragments were observed and their NH(2) termini sequenced. These had apparent molecular weights and starting residues as follows (single letter abbreviation is used): 50(L1766), 48(L1766), 43(Q1828), 40(Q1828), 30(S1546), 12(T1657), and 7(S1546) kDa from FVaL; and 65(A1), 50(A1), 45(A1), 34(S349), 30(L94), 30(M110), and 3 small <5(W457, W457, and K365) kDa from FVaH. Of these, 50(L1766), 48(1766), 43(Q1828), and 40(Q1828) spanning the C1/C2 domains, and 30(L94), but not the similar 30(M110), positioned within the A1 domain remained associated with aPL. These were detected antigenically during Pn- or tissue plasminogen activator-mediated lysis of fibrin clot formed in plasma. Chelation by EDTA dissociated the 30(L94)-kDa fragment, which was observed to associate with intact FVaL upon recalcification, indicating that the Leu-94 to Lys-109 region of the A1 domain plays a critical role in the FVaL and FVaH Ca(2+)-dependent association. By using domain-specific monoclonal antibodies and an assay for thrombin generation, loss of FVa prothrombinase function was coincident with proteolysis at sites in the A2 and A3 domains resulting in their dissociation. Inactivation of FV or FVa by Pn was independent of the thrombophilic R506Q mutation. These results identify the molecular composition of Pn-cleaved FVa that remains bound to membrane as largely A1-C1/C2 in the presence of Ca(2+) and suggest that Pn inhibits FVa by a process involving A2 and A3 domain dissociation.