gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frederic Wood Jones, 1879-1954 (1955)

Abstract Frederic Wood Jones was born in London on 23 January 1879, the son of an architect of Welsh descent. As a boy he was a keen entomologist and showed an unusual interest in all branches of natural history. These pursuits engaged much of his attention during his school days and, with a number of interruptions due to ill-health, no doubt accounted for the fact that his school career was quite undistinguished, and that he also found some difficulty in passing the examination for the London University Matriculation. He finally matriculated in 1897 and entered the London Hospital as a medical student. It was here that he first showed evidence of his intellectual ability, for he won a succession of scholarships and prizes in anatomy, physiology and clinical medicine. It was at the London Hospital, also, that Wood Jones came under the influence of Chalmers Mitchell and Arthur Keith, to both of whom he later recorded his debt of gratitude for their stimulating influence. He qualified with the degrees of M.B., B.S. in 1904, and even while a student he had already contributed to the Proceedings of the Journal of Anatomy & Physiology (as it was then called) short notes on the musculature of the bladder and urethra, the development of the fundus of the stomach, and a method of reconstruction of a human embryo by photographic reproductions of serial sections. These early publications showed a certain originality of approach which was later to become a very characteristic quality of Wood Jones’s work. It is not surprising, therefore, that his teachers and friends hoped that, on qualification, he would settle down to an academic career in London. But, against all their advice, he left England in January 1905 to take up an appointment as Medical Officer to the Eastern Extension Telegraph Company in the Far East, and, after a short stay in Singapore, sailed for the Cocos-Keeling Islands. We do not know what decided him on this course, but it clearly fits into the pattern of the whole of his subsequent career, for he was essentially a wanderer and a seeker after adventure; indeed, he never stayed in any of the numerous positions which he held for more than a few years.
Clinicopathological significance of expression of paxillin, syndecan-1 and EMMPRIN in hepatocellular carcinoma (2005)

Expression of paxillin and syndecan-1 proteins in HCC may affect its invasive and metastatic ability of the tumor. There may be a converse correlation between the expression of paxillin and syndecan-1 protein in HCC. Expression of EMMPRIN protein may be detected in HCC, but it may play little role in the invasion and metastasis of HCC.
An optimal culture condition maintains human hepatocyte phenotype after long-term culture. (2006)

Using our optimal culture condition, we were able to maintain the phenotype of primary human hepatocytes in long-term culture. They not only maintain better liver-specific function, but also retain higher proliferative potential.
Modular preference Moore machines in news mining agents (2002)

This paper focuses on hybrid symbolic neural architectures that support the task of classifying textual information in learning agents. We give an outline of these symbolic and neural preference Moore machines. Furthermore, we demonstrate how they can be used in the context of information mining and news classification. Using the Reuters newswire text data, we demonstrate how hybrid symbolic and neural machines can provide an effective foundation for learning news agents.
Energy Efficiency Improvement on the Example of Modern Movement Buildings (2010)

Buildings from the modern era require a comprehensive study of the interaction between architecture, function, structure and building climate prior to renovation. The energy index of existing houses is much higher in comparison to today’s standard for new houses. Seventy years after they were built, it is unavoidable that many building components and interior fittings are worn out. Better energy efficiency can be achieved only by physical change to the building fabric, so the main goal of this research was to investigate how to improve energy efficiency in a way that it does not harm the special interest of historic buildings or increase the risk of long-term deterioration to existing fabric. Retaining existing elements of construction in historic buildings and seeking to enhance their thermal performance in benign ways is a heritage conservation principle in line with the concept of sustainability. Conditions and requirements in terms of building physics and climate present new challenges in the practice of heritage conservation. This research shows that with the appropriate renovation measures the energy requirement of existing houses can be brought up to today’s standard for newly built houses. Differences in applying renovation measures result from the level of building conservation.
IsoKV: An Isolation Scheme for Key-Value Stores by Exploiting Internal Parallelism in SSD (2019)

Modern data centers aim to take advantage of high parallelism in storage devices for I/O intensive applications such as storage servers, cache systems, and key-value stores. Key-value stores are the most typical applications that should provide a highly reliable service with high-performance. To increase the I/O performance of key-value stores, many data centers have actively adopted next-generation storage devices such as Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) based Solid State Devices (SSDs). NVMe SSDs and its protocol are characterized to provide a high degree of parallelism. However, they may not guarantee predictable performance while providing high performance and parallelism. For example, heavily mixed read and write requests can result in performance degradation of throughput and response time due to the interference between the requests and internal operations (e.g., Garbage Collection (GC)). To minimize the interference and provide higher performance, this paper presents IsoKV, an isolation scheme for key-value stores by exploiting internal parallelism in SSDs. IsoKV manages the level of parallelism of SSD directly by running application-driven flash management scheme. By storing data with different characteristics in each dedicated internal parallel units of SSD, IsoKV reduces interference between I/O requests. Also, IsoKV synchronizes the LSM-tree logic and data management in SSD to eliminate GC. We implement IsoKV on RocksDB and evaluate it using Open-Channel SSD. Our extensive experiments have shown that IsoKV improves overall throughput and response time on average 1.20× and 43% compared with the existing scheme, respectively.
Advances in imaging with thermal neutrons (1996)

Experiments have been conducted using a modern high-resolution {sup 3}He two-dimensional position-sensitive detection chamber combined with coded apertures to produce images by means of thermal neutrons. These images are comparable to those produced by gamma ray imaging, but with some important differences. The detector is much less sensitive to the fast neutrons than to the thermalized component. Therefore, assuming that the neutron source has a fission spectrum, the brightest regions in an image represent moderating material in close proximity to the source, rather than the source itself. Earlier experiments have shown that useful contrast can be produced with thermal neutrons using thin masks made of metallic Cd sheet, but the resolution in those experiments was detector-limited at a few centimeters per pixel. The newer detector can resolve a line image with a fwhm resolution of about 1 mm. The technique could in principle be used in re-entry vehicle on-site inspections to count multiple nuclear warheads. Thermal neutrons carry no detailed spectral information, so their detection should not be as intrusive as gamma ray imaging. This technique can be used in nuclear materials management and arms control.
Identification of plasma microRNAs as novel noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer (2013)

Recent diagnostic procedure advances have considerably improved early lung cancer detection. However, the invasive, unpleasant, and inconvenient nature of current diagnostic procedures limits their application. There is a great need for novel noninvasive biomarkers for early lung cancer diagnosis. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether microRNA (miRNA) blood signatures are suitable for early detection of lung cancer. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analysis, we first selected and identified three aberrant plasma expression miRNAs (miR-21, miR-145, and miR-155) in a training set of 62 patients and 60 healthy smokers to define a panel that had high diagnostic efficiency for lung cancer. Then, we validated the detective ability of this miRNA panel in a testing set of 34 malignant tumor patients, 30 patients with benign pulmonary nodules and 32 healthy smokers. In the training set, miR-21 and miR-155 showed higher plasma expression levels, whereas miR-145 showed a lower expression level in patients with malignant cancer, compared with healthy controls (P ≤ 0.001). The three miRNAs used in combination produced the area under receiver operating characteristic curve at 0.847, which helped distinguish lung cancer from healthy smokers with 69.4% sensitivity and 78.3% specificity. A logistic regression model with the best prediction was constructed on the basis of miR-21, miR-145, and miR-155. Validation of the miRNA panel in the testing set confirmed their diagnostic value, which yields a significant improvement over any single one. Plasma miR-21, miR-145, and miR-155 have strong potential as novel noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer.
Blood transfusion therapy is feasible in a clinical trial setting in children with sickle cell disease and silent cerebral infarcts (2007)

Blood transfusion therapy is a feasible therapy for the prevention of progression of silent cerebral infarcts.
Nucleoside and Nucleotide Inhibitors of Inosine Monophosphate (IMP) Dehydrogenase as Potential Antitumor Inhibitors (1982)

Abstract A review of various nucleoside and nucleotide inhibitors of IMP dehydrogenase suggests that such inhibitors may also exhibit significant antitumor effects. The details of the precise mode of action and structure activity relationships remain to be established. This new area of research should prove fruitful for uncovering useful and more specific antitumor agents.
Sensitivity evaluation of dynamic load sharing in distributed systems (1998)

Load sharing improves the performance of distributed systems by moving work from heavily loaded to lightly loaded nodes. The author compares the performance of two principal load sharing policies under different circumstances, providing a generalized description of their behavior that holds true regardless of the specific system and workload models, and parameter values.
INDUCTANCE TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING TRANSITION TEMPERATURES OF SUPERCONDUCTING POWDERS (1989)

A simple technique to measure T c of superconducting powder samples is evaluated. Inductance of the sample is used as the indicator to determine the behavior of the material as it goes to the superconducting state. The effect of particle size and sample size on the measured parameters has been investigated. The main advantages of this technique are the absence of electrical contacts and the elimination of the need for sintered bars. The technique has the potential to measure the amount of superconducting phases as well as the critical current density.
Porosity of resin veneer materials (1987)

The present investigation has studied the effects of different types of resins and different processing and curing methods on the number and size of pores occurring in resin facing materials. The mean number of pores per square millimeter varied between 0.5 and 4. The highest numbers occurred in unfilled heat-polymerized acrylic resin and in light-activated resin, whereas the lowest numbers were found in heat-polymerized micro-filled resin. Specimens processed in accordance with the free technique and cured under pressure consistently obtained lower numbers of pores than the corresponding specimens processed in a flask. Most of the pores were less than 50 micron diameter in all test groups. From a clinical point of view, a dense resin with a limited content of pores may give the most favorable results in terms of mechanical, esthetic, and hygienic properties of the veneer.
Enhanced Authentication Mechanism for Next Generation Networks (2009)

Next generation networks (NGN) is the evolution of the telecommunication core. NGN is a one network that transports all information and services such as voice, data and multimedia from and to access networks. The multimedia services provided to mobile users through different access networks in this paper study refers to WLAN. The user has to execute multi-pass authentication and key agreement (AKA) procedures in order to get access to the IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). This causes overhead on the AAA server and increases the delay of authenticating the user and that is because of unnecessary and repeated procedures and protocols. This paper presents an enhanced one-pass AKA procedure that eliminates the repeated steps without affecting the security level, in addition it reduces the denial of service (DoS) attacks. The presented mechanism has minimal impact on the network infrastructure and functionality and does not require any changes to the existing authentication protocols. This paper investigates the performance improvement and the user authentication cost of the enhanced one-pass over the multi-pass AKA. We used a simple analytic model that illustrates the performance of an enhanced one-pass and a multi-pass AKA. This study identifies the cases in which the enhanced one-pass AKA presents substantial benefits, e.g., when the mobile user has lengthy session time with several handoffs.
Both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and monocytic colony-stimulating factor are produced by the human T-cell line, HUT 102. (1990)

We present the first report of a T-helper cell line, HUT 102, constitutively producing both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and monocytic colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), as detected by sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Northern blot analysis. However, neither amplification nor structural change of the GM-CSF and M-CSF genes was detected by Southern blot analysis. In the case of HUT 102, in which human T-lymphotropic leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is integrated, the viral protein, which acts as a trans-acting transcriptional activator, may induce the production of both GM-CSF and M-CSF.
Catalysis with a Perfluorinated Ion-Exchange Polymer (1986)

NAFION is a perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer (PFIEP). Because of its chemically inert backbone, the heterogeneous resin has been used as a strong acid catalyst for a wide variety of reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. The polymeric catalyst offers an advantage over homogeneous analogs because of its ease of separation from reaction mixtures. Also in many instances, there are improved yields or an increase in selectivity over other catalysts, such as poly(styrenesulfonic acid) resins.
Could patents interfere with the development of a cardiovascular polypill? (2016)

The assertion that most of these cardiovascular drugs are post-patent is accurate, but only in the sense that many of the original patents on these active ingredients have expired and that generic alternatives are usually available. The landscape of patents covering novel (co-) formulations is far more complex, however. Most research and development for cardiovascular combination medicines are likely to be undertaken by companies whose original patents on the active ingredient will soon expire or have recently expired. Cardiologists looking to accelerate polypill development may consider approaching such companies to partner.
Nerve growth factor: from the early discoveries to the potential clinical use (2012)

The physiological role of the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) has been characterized, since its discovery in the 1950s, first in the sensory and autonomic nervous system, then in central nervous, endocrine and immune systems. NGF plays its trophic role both during development and in adulthood, ensuring the maintenance of phenotypic and functional characteristic of several populations of neurons as well as immune cells. From a translational standpoint, the action of NGF on cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and on sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia first gained researcher's attention, in view of possible clinical use in Alzheimer's disease patients and in peripheral neuropathies respectively. The translational and clinical research on NGF have, since then, enlarged the spectrum of diseases that could benefit from NGF treatment, at the same time highlighting possible limitations in the use of the neurotrophin as a drug. In this review we give a comprehensive account for almost all of the clinical trials attempted until now by using NGF. A perspective on future development for translational research on NGF is also discussed, in view of recent proposals for innovative delivery strategies and/or for additional pathologies to be treated, such as ocular and skin diseases, gliomas, traumatic brain injuries, vascular and immune diseases.
Histologic findings of long-term cryolesions in a patient with ventricular tachycardia (1996)

This report describes cardiac morphologic alterations in a patient who died 14 months following cryoablation. Histologic examination of the long-term cryolesion revealed a homogeneous fibrous scar with surrounding sinusoid capillary proliferation. The border between the fibrosis and the normal myocardium was sharply defined. Cryothermia is an excellent technique for the surgical correction of arrhythmias because it provides sharply demarcated lesions which lack arrhythmogenic potential.
Robust pitch detection of speech signals using steerable filters (2002)

Most of the well known and widely used pitch determination algorithms are frame-based. They only consider the speech local stationarity within the analysis frame. However, our novel pitch determination algorithms employ steerable filters to obtain the direction of pitch change. Therefore, the proposed algorithms not only make full use of the information within an analysis frame, but also optimally utilize the information from neighbor frames by taking the advantage of the pitch direction. This allows us to use more than one frame to enhance pitch peaks for non-stationary, noisy speech signals. As a result, the proposed algorithms are superior to conventional methods in term of accuracy and reliability, and is robust to noise. Besides, the direction of pitch change can be estimated in different domains. Therefore, our algorithms can be applied in either time or frequency domain, or both of them.
An adaptive estimation of periodic signals using a Fourier linear combiner (1994)

Presents an adaptive algorithm for estimating from noisy observations, periodic signals of known period subject to transient disturbances. The estimator is based on the LMS algorithm and works by tracking the Fourier coefficients of the data. The estimator is analyzed for convergence, noise misadjustment and lag misadjustment for signals with both time invariant and time variant parameters. The analysis is greatly facilitated by a change of variable that results in a time invariant difference equation. At sufficiently small values of the LMS step size, the system is shown to exhibit decoupling with each Fourier component converging independently and uniformly. Detection of rapid transients in data with low signal to noise ratio can be improved by using larger step sizes for more prominent components of the estimated signal. An application of the Fourier estimator to estimation of brain evoked responses is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparative study of in vitro and in vivo drug effects on cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (1976)

Cell-mediated cytolysis (CMC) was assayed in a system using spleen cells from mice (C57BL/6) sensitized with allogeneic tumour cells (DBA/2 mastocytoma P-815). Anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressives, inhibitors of cell division and other agents were investigated for their capacity to inhibit CMC in three different ways. First, inhibition of CMC after in vitro addition of drug was observed with corticosteroids, some immunosuppressives and inhibitors of cell division. Secondly, suppression of CMC after a single drug administration to sensitized mice shortly before being killed was found with corticosteroids, several immunosuppressives and irradiation. Thirdly, prevention of development of CMC by repeated drug treatment (immunosuppressive schedule) was achieved with most immunosuppressives and cytostatic drugs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were inactive in these tests. Correlation of effects between the three procedures was very poor and it is suggested that various mechanisms may be involved in the different assays.
Neonatal Thyroid Disease: Differential Expression in Three Successive Offspring (1988)

Neonatal thyroid disease, manifested as either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, has been described in the offspring of women with autoimmune thyroid disorders. We report clinical and laboratory observations in a mother with autoimmune thyroiditis who gave birth to three children with different forms of thyroid dysfunction. The first child was clinically normal, the second child had transient neonatal hyperthyroidism, and the third child had neonatal hypothyroidism. After the birth of the second child, the mother was found to be biochemically hypothyroid. Long-acting thyroid stimulator and antithyroid microsomal antibodies were detected in her serum. She was treated with L-T4 (0.15 mg/day). After the birth of her third child, the mother was found to have thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins and TSH-blocking inhibitory immunoglobulins in her serum. The latter also were detected in the third newborn. Six weeks later, TSH-blocking inhibitory immunoglobulins were not detected in the child, but they persisted in the mother. This report further expands the spectrum of neonatal thyroid disease and suggests that differing disease syndromes in the newborn can occur depending on whether stimulating or blocking antibodies predominate in the mother.
Recent advances in mixing rods (2008)

Mixing rods are used in illumination systems to provide a uniform output. The use of separate sources, especially RGB LEDs, has renewed interest in the use of mixing rods. This paper describes some of the special issues that arise with the use of RGB LEDs. Issues discussed include die layout for RGB LED arrays, straight round mixers with ripples and RGB LEDs, the use of a diffusers with mixers, and the use of a square to rectangular mixer with ripples to circularize the mixer's angular output.