gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiral zeolitic materials: structural insights and synthetic challenges (2008)

Chiral zeolitic materials are of both fundamental and practical interest because they can combine both shape selectivity and enantioselectivity, which are desirable for asymmetric catalysis and separation. However, the synthesis of such materials remains a significant challenge in the field of zeolite science. This feature article will focus on a family of four-connected zeolite frameworks and related inorganic open frameworks with fascinating chiral structural features, aiming to provide an insight into the origin of chirality in these structures. Some approaches to the design of chiral zeolite frameworks, as well as synthesis routes and challenges to the chiral zeolitic materials are also discussed.
Effect of gemfibrozil on early carotid atherosclerosis in diabetic patients with hyperlipidaemia. (1997)

We conclude that gemfibrozil treatment may be useful in decreasing the progression rate of arterial wall thickness.
Ways to suppress click and pop for class D amplifiers (2012)

Undesirable audio click and pop may be generated in a speaker or headphone. Compared to linear (class A/B/AB) amplifiers, class D amplifiers that comprise of an input stage and a modulation stage are more prone to producing click and pop. This article analyzes sources that generate click and pop in class D amplifiers, and corresponding ways to suppress them. For a class D amplifier with a single-ended input, click and pop is likely to be due to two factors. One is from a voltage difference (VDIF) between the voltage of an input capacitance (VCIN) and a reference voltage (VREF) of the input stage, and the other one is from the non-linear switching during the setting up of the bias and feedback voltages/currents (BFVC) of the modulation stage. In this article, a fast charging loop is introduced into the input stage to charge VCIN to roughly near VREF. Then a correction loop further charges or discharges VCIN, substantially equalizing it with VREF. Dummy switches are introduced into the modulation stage to provide switching signals for setting up BFVC, and the power switches are disabled until the BFVC are set up successfully. A two channel single-ended class D amplifier with the above features is fabricated with 0.5 μm Bi-CMOS process. Road test and fast Fourier transform analysis indicate that there is no noticeable click and pop.
On the optical properties of micro- and nanometric size PbI<sub>2</sub>particles (2004)

Scanning electron microscopy, Raman scattering, UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy and low temperature photoluminescence (PL) were used to examine small particles produced by the chemical reaction between Pb(NO3)2 and KI in different liquid media: water, methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile. By stoichiometric changes in the synthesis reaction, platelets of PbI2 and rods probably of KPbI3 are produced. Regardless of shape and size, these particles exhibit almost the same PL, which consists of two intense bands centred around the 2.5 (E band) and 2.0 eV (G band), in turn similar to that of a crystalline slide or a micrometric powder, both prepared from a PbI2 single-crystal grown from the melt. Crystalline PbI2 platelets exhibit an E band with two components, at 2.49 (EF band) and 2.47 eV (ET band), originating in the recombination of the free and trapped excitons produced by inter-band irradiation. A close relation between the enhancement of the ET and G band reveals that they are linked to the surface defects. For the rod-like particles, the PL spectrum is somewhat similar to that of a Pb2+ ion introduced into an alkaline halide lattice, which as for any ns2 ion displays two emission bands, AT and AX, whose correspondents are E and G bands.
A New Method for Detection of Phishing Websites: URL Detection (2018)

Phishing is an unlawful activity wherein people are misled into the wrong sites by using various fraudulent methods. The aim of these phishing websites is to confiscate personal information or other financial details for personal benefits or misuse. As technology advances, the phishing approaches used need to get progressed and there is a dire need for better security and better mechanisms to prevent as well as detect these phishing approaches. The primary focus of this paper is to put forth a model as a solution to detect phishing websites by using the URL detection method using Random Forest algorithm. There are 3 major phases such as Parsing, Heuristic Classification of data, Performance Analysis in this model and each phase makes use of a different technique or algorithm for processing of data to give better results.
A new method for colour measurements in graphic arts (1999)

This article presents a method for colour measurements directly on printed half-tone multicoloured pictures. The article introduces the concept of colour impression. By this concept we mean the CMY or CMYK vector (colour vector), which lives in the three- or four-dimensional space of printing inks. Two factors contribute to values of the vector components, namely, the percentage of the area covered by cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks (tonal values) and ink densities. The colour vector expresses integrated information about the tonal values and ink densities. Values of the colour vector components increase if tonal values or ink densities rise and vice versa. If, for some primary colour, the ink density and tonal value do not change, the corresponding component of the colour vector remains constant. If some reference values of the colour vector components are set from a preprint, then, after an appropriate calibration, the colour vector directly shows how much the operator needs to raise or lower the cyan, magenta, yellow, and black ink densities in order to correct colours of the picture being measured. The values of the components are obtained by registering the RGB image from the measuring area and then transforming the set of registered RGB values to the triplet or quadruple of CMY or CMYK values, respectively. Algorithms based on artificial neural networks are used for performing the transformation. During the experimental investigations, we have found a good correlation between components of the colour vector and ink densities. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 24, 185–196, 1999
Identity risk analysis in mobile commerce: A novel approach (2018)

The usage of handheld smart devices with Internet services has provided greater sense of convenience, mobility, efficiency and enjoyment to the user. Despite that, inexistence of user identity verification system has made mobile commerce platform vulnerable to malicious attacks such as identity theft. In order to provide an additional layer of security, this paper had proposed and developed Mobile Identity Verification Application (MIVA) that consists of two-factor login verification, order verification and fingerprint scanning with risk analysis. A comparison study was conducted with 6 different scenarios assigned with 7 rule IDs, success and fail score to evaluate the effectiveness of MIVA in classifying fraudulent users. The results had revealed that Scenario C using success score of `1' and fail score `2' is significant to the proposed risk analysis specification. The findings of this study would contribute a secure and robust application which would assist in verifying user identity while transacting in mobile commerce.
Vitreous Fluorophotometry in Juvenile-Onset Diabetes Mellitus (1978)

• Vitreous fluorophotometry was carried out in 99 juvenile-onset, insulindependent diabetics and 31 control subjects. The mean vitreous fluorescein concentration one hour after intravenous administration of fluorescein, 7 mg/kg, was 5.4 ± 0.3 ng/ml (mean ±SEM) for controls and 9.5 ± 0.4 ng/ml for diabetics (<i>P</i><.005). Diabetic patients with or without background retinopathy, when randomly matched for age or duration of their disease, had similar vitreous fluorophotometry measurements. The breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier to fluorescein appears to be the earliest detectable ocular abnormality of diabetes.
Handspinning Enabled Highly Concentrated Carbon Nanotubes with Controlled Orientation in Nanofibers (2016)

The novel method, handspinning (HS), was invented by mimicking commonly observed methods in our daily lives. The use of HS allows us to fabricate carbon nanotube-reinforced nanofibers (CNT-reinforced nanofibers) by addressing three significant challenges: (i) the difficulty of forming nanofibers at high concentrations of CNTs, (ii) aggregation of the CNTs, and (iii) control of the orientation of the CNTs. The handspun nanofibers showed better physical properties than fibers fabricated by conventional methods, such as electrospinning. Handspun nanofibers retain a larger amount of CNTs than electrospun nanofibers, and the CNTs are easily aligned uniaxially. We attributed these improvements provided by the HS process to simple mechanical stretching force, which allows for orienting the nanofillers along with the force direction without agglomeration, leading to increased contact area between the CNTs and the polymer matrix, thereby providing enhanced interactions. HS is a simple and straightforward method as it does not require an electric field, and, hence, any kinds of polymers and solvents can be applicable. Furthermore, it is feasible to retain a large amount of various nanofillers in the fibers to enhance their physical and chemical properties. Therefore, HS provides an effective pathway to create new types of reinforced nanofibers with outstanding properties.
An important step forward in the genetic manipulation of mosquito vectors of human disease (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Robust Adaptive Control for a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems with Time‐Varying Delay (2013)

We present adaptive neural control design for a class of perturbed nonlinear MIMO time-varying delay systems in a block-triangular form. Based on a neural controller, it is obtained by constructing a quadratic-type Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, which efficiently avoids the controller singularity. The proposed control guarantees that all closed-loop signals remain bounded, while the output tracking error dynamics converge to a neighborhood of the desired trajectories. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Electroosmosis through α-Hemolysin That Depends on Alkali Cation Type (2014)

We demonstrate experimentally the existence of an electroosmotic flow (EOF) through the wild-type nanopore of α-hemolysin in a large range of applied voltages and salt concentrations for two different salts, LiCl and KCl. EOF controls the entry frequency and residence time of small neutral molecules (β-cyclodextrins, βCD) in the nanopore. The strength of EOF depends on the applied voltage, on the salt concentration, and, interestingly, on the nature of the cations in solution. In particular, EOF is stronger in the presence of LiCl than KCl. We interpret our results with a simple theoretical model that takes into account the pore selectivity and the solvation of ions. A stronger EOF in the presence of LiCl is found to originate essentially in a stronger anionic selectivity of the pore. Our work provides a new and easy way to control EOF in protein nanopores, without resorting to chemical modifications of the pore.
A 0.8 V/100 MHz/sub-5 mW-operated mega-bit SRAM cell architecture with charge-recycle offset-source driving (OSD) scheme (2002)

A 0.8 V/100 MHz/sub-5 mW-operated 1-Mbit SRAM cell architecture which uses a charge-recycle offset-source driving (OSD) scheme, is proposed. This paper is focused on why OSD can reduce the power dissipation to /spl les/1/14 compared to the previously reported negative source drive (NSD) scheme, while achieving a 0.8 V/100 MHz operation. OSD features as follows: (1) "parallel shift" of the potential of storage-node pairs V/sub H//V/sub L/ (0.8 V/0 V->1.4 V/0.6 V) for the unselected cell, (2) source line over-drive (0.6 V->0 V) when accessing the cell, (3) column-decoded source line drive in wordline (WL) direction, enabling to realize a pseudo cross-point access, and (4) charge-recycling source line drive, making it possible to eliminate the power-loss when resetting the potential of source line (0 V->0.6 V). OSD no longer requires negative-bias (-0.6 V) pumping circuit which has an intolerable-low supply-efficiency at 0.8 V Vcc, necessary to realize the source over-driving, unlike NSD. Thus, OSD can be exploited to realize 75% over-driving of source line (V/sub Gs/=0.8 V->1.4 V) necessary to achieve 100 MHz-operation, without an intolerable power-loss, instead of NSD. To demonstrate the effectiveness of OSD, power consumption comparisons were made between this work and NSD. For all measurements, the same access time conditions were used based on the simulated and measured data of the 0.35 /spl mu/m 1 Mbit-CMOS SRAM (16 K-word/spl times/64-bit). OSD enables a dramatic power reduction of over 93%, while maintaining 100 MHz operation even at 0.8 V Vcc, compared to NSD.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of novel poly(<i>N</i>‐2‐thiazolyl(meth)acrylamide)‐Fe(II) complexes (2005)

Abstract N ‐2‐thiazolyl(meth)acrylamides were polymerized by a radical route to obtain polymers in good yields. The polymers, with a pendent heterocyclic group, are soluble in common organic solvents, which allow the corresponding metal complexes with higher loads to be prepared easily. FTIR, 1 H NMR, and energy‐dispersive X‐Ray spectroscopy (EDX) were applied to characterize these materials. The magnetic behavior of poly( N ‐2‐thiazolyl(meth)acrylamide)‐Fe(II) complexes was examined as a function of applied magnetic field at 4 K and as a function of temperature (4 ∼ 300 K) at an applied magnetic field of 1 ∼ 3 kOe, exhibiting the characteristics of a ferromagnet. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 83–87, 2005
Two-dimensional model of a thyristor turn-on channel (1982)

The goal of this contribution is to give some insight into the carrier and the current distribution at turn-on of a high-voltage thyristor in both axial and lateral dimensions. By means of a quasi-static two-dimensional theoretical model, the influence of the mobile charge on the potential distribution at the verge of turn-on is calculated. The result shows a bulging out of the space-charge layer (SCL) into the neutral part of the n-base region near the anode, as well as a divergence of the current lines, in the shape of a trumpet. An additional sharp increase of the current-carrying area occurs immediately outside the SCL. While the bulging out of the SCL is more pronounced when the applied voltage is higher, the size of the current-carrying area near the anode emitter junction decreases. These theoretical results have been verified by means of infrared (IR) recombination radiation experiments using sections of reverse blocking as well as reverse nonblocking thyristors. In addition, it can be shown that the lateral plasma distribution, being induced electrostatically, does not undergo any change due to breakdown of the applied voltage.
Genetic Algorithms for Product Design (1996)

Product design is increasingly recognized as a critical activity that has a significant impact on the performance of firms. Consequently, when firms undertake a new (existing) product design (redesign) activity, it is important to employ techniques that will generate optimal solutions. As optimal product design using conjoint analysis data is an NP-hard problem, heuristic techniques for its solution have been proposed. This research proposes the use of and evaluates the performance of Genetic Algorithms (GA), which is based on the principles of natural selection, as an alternative procedure for generating “good” (i.e., close to optimal) solutions for the product design problem. The paper focuses on (1) how GA can be applied to the product design problems, (2) determining the comparative performance of GA vis-à-vis the dynamic programming (DP) heuristic (Kohli and Krishnamurti [Kohli, R., R. Krishnamurti. 1987. A heuristic approach to product design. Management Sci. 33(12) 1523–1533.], [Kohli, R., R. Krishnamurti. 1989. Optimal product design using conjoint analysis: Computational complexity and algorithms. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 40 186–195.]) in generating solutions to the product design problems, (3) the sensitivity of the GA solutions to variations in parameter choices, and (4) generalizing the results of the dynamic programming heuristic to product designs involving attributes with varying number of levels and studying the impact of alternate attribute sequencing rules.
Adaptive application of the Chase algorithm on Reed-Solomon product codes (2003)

This paper introduces a new adaptive application of Chase (1972) -II algorithm on Reed-Solomon (RS) product codes. The decoding complexity is changeable from a decoded codeword to another by changing the number of the least reliable bits according to a reliability threshold. The adaptive Chase-II algorithm has been optimised to obtain almost the same performance as that using Chase-II algorithm with significant reduction in complexity. A performance comparison between the proposed adaptive application and the standard application of Chase-II algorithm is obtained on an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel using binary phase shift keying (BPSK).
On the Structure of Leucaenine (Leucaenol) from Leucaena glauca Bentham. II. (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Structure of Leucaenine (Leucaenol) from Leucaena glauca Bentham. II.A. F. BickelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 7, 1805–1806Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01199a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01199a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Privacy-enhanced personalization (2007)

Multi-pronged strategies are needed to reconcile the tension between personalization and privacy.
Response of Friction Damped Braced Frames (1982)

A new concept of aseismic design for steel framed buildings is proposed. By providing sliding friction devices in the bracing system of the framed buildings, their earthquake resistance and damage control potential can be considerably enhanced. During severe earthquake excitations, the friction device slips and a large portion of the vibrational energy is dissipated mechanically in friction rather than inelastic yielding of the main structural components. Results of inelastic time-history dynamic analysis show superior performance of the friction damped braced steel frames when compared to computed responses of other structural framing systems. The proposed friction devices act, in affect, both as safety valves and structural dampers. The device may also be conveniently incorporated in existing framed buildings to upgrade their earthquake resistance.
Thermal and Morphological Properties of Poly(L-Lactic Acid)/Poly(D-Lactic Acid)-B-Polycaprolactone Diblock Copolymer Blends (2020)

Due to the brittle nature of poly(lactic acid) many attempts have been made to flexibilize this polyester for applications such as thin films and foils. However, due to complex phase behavior, many drawbacks for plasticizer and blend components are described. To overcome miscibility, post crystallization and migration issues a principle of click-chemistry was employed to change the molecular characteristics from external to internal plasticization by fixation of a plastisizing unit with help of a stereocomplex crystallization. Hydroxyl terminated polycaprolactone oligomers were used as a macroinitiator for the ring opening polymerization of d-lactide, resulting in blockcopolymers with plasticizing unit polycaprolactone and compatibilizing poly(d-lactic acid)-blocks. The generated block copolymers were blended with a poly(l-lactic acid)-matrix and formed so called stereocomplex crystals. In comparison to unbound polycaprolactone the polycaprolactone blocks show a lower migration tendency regarding a solution test in toluene. Besides that, trapping the plasticizing units via stereocomplex also improves the efficiency of the plasticizer. In comparison to polymer blends with the same amount of non-bonded polycaprolactone oligomers of the same molecular weight, block copolymers with poly(d-lactic acid) and polycaprolactone can shift the glass transition temperature to lower values. This effect can be explained by the modulated crystallization of the polycaprolactone-blocks trapped into the matrix, so that a higher effective amount can interact with the poly(l-lactic acid)-matrix.
Die Alkaloide von<i>Uncaria tomentosa</i>und ihre Phagozytose-steigernde Wirkung (1985)

From the roots of UNCARIA TOMENTOSA six oxindol alkaloids have been isolated and identified as isopteropodin, pteropodin, mitraphyllin, isomitraphyllin, rynchophyllin and isorynchophyllin. By ion pair chromatography on HPLC a fingerprint analysis has been worked out which allowed to differentiate between various UNICARIA-species and drug preparations. With the exception of mitraphyllin and rynchophyllin all alkaloids showed a pronounced enhancement effect on phagozytosis, determined in two IN VITRO tests and the IN VIVO-carbon clearance test.
Cascaded Regressor based 3D Face Reconstruction from a Single Arbitrary View Image. (2015)

State-of-the-art methods reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) face shapes from a single image by fitting 3D face models to input images or by directly learning mapping functions between two-dimensional (2D) images and 3D faces. However, they are often difficult to use in real-world applications due to expensive online optimization or to the requirement of frontal face images. This paper approaches the 3D face reconstruction problem as a regression problem rather than a model fitting problem. Given an input face image along with some pre-defined facial landmarks on it, a series of shape adjustments to the initial 3D face shape are computed through cascaded regressors based on the deviations between the input landmarks and the landmarks obtained from the reconstructed 3D faces. The cascaded regressors are offline learned from a set of 3D faces and their corresponding 2D face images in various views. By treating the landmarks that are invisible in large view angles as missing data, the proposed method can handle arbitrary view face images in a unified way with the same regressors. Experiments on the BFM and Bosphorus databases demonstrate that the proposed method can reconstruct 3D faces from arbitrary view images more efficiently and more accurately than existing methods.