gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SoftCell/sup TM/: a multi-carrier transceiver solution for multi-mode base-stations (2002)

The development of cost efficient data converters and digital IF signal processors is called upon to play a crucial role in the concept of software radio transceivers. Software radio concept enables necessary flexibility and innovation for existing and next generation of wireless systems. General trend of wireless wide-band transceivers points to continuing reduction of radio frequency processing at the expense of increased digital signal processing. This work reviews SoftCell/sup TM/, a chip-set (digital IF receive/transmit signal processors and analogue-to digital and digital to analogue converters) for flexible software radio base station architectures for major digital wireless standards.
Optical strain detectors based on gold/elastomer nanoparticulated films (2007)

The application of two different optical effects is demonstrated for the detection of strain applied to elastomeric films. On one hand, dense coatings made of silica-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@SiO2 NPs), which are built up onto poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomeric films, using the layer-by-layer (LbL) method, provide intense surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption. On the other hand, polystyrene spheres can be deposited as ordered monolayers to create patterned PDMS films with well-defined light diffraction. Both effects were used to monitor the structural damage of such PDMS films upon stretching, remaining both physical phenomena (absorption from the gold film and diffraction from the ordered structure) active for optical sensing applications in the early detection of structural damage in critical infrastructures.
Bayesian statistical model checking with application to Simulink/Stateflow verification (2010)

We address the problem of model checking stochastic systems, i.e.~checking whether a stochastic system satisfies a certain temporal property with a probability greater (or smaller) than a fixed threshold. In particular, we present a novel Statistical Model Checking (SMC) approach based on Bayesian statistics. We show that our approach is feasible for hybrid systems with stochastic transitions, a generalization of Simulink/Stateflow models. Standard approaches to stochastic (discrete) systems require numerical solutions for large optimization problems and quickly become infeasible with larger state spaces. Generalizations of these techniques to hybrid systems with stochastic effects are even more challenging. The SMC approach was pioneered by Younes and Simmons in the discrete and non-Bayesian case. It solves the verification problem by combining randomized sampling of system traces (which is very efficient for Simulink/Stateflow) with hypothesis testing or estimation. We believe SMC is essential for scaling up to large Stateflow/Simulink models. While the answer to the verification problem is not guaranteed to be correct, we prove that Bayesian SMC can make the probability of giving a wrong answer arbitrarily small. The advantage is that answers can usually be obtained much faster than with standard, exhaustive model checking techniques. We apply our Bayesian SMC approach to a representative example of stochastic discrete-time hybrid system models in Stateflow/Simulink: a fuel control system featuring hybrid behavior and fault tolerance. We show that our technique enables faster verification than state-of-the-art statistical techniques, while retaining the same error bounds. We emphasize that Bayesian SMC is by no means restricted to Stateflow/Simulink models: we have in fact successfully applied it to very large stochastic models from Systems Biology.
5-Fluoro Glycosides:  A New Class of Mechanism-Based Inhibitors of Both α- and β-Glucosidases (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXT5-Fluoro Glycosides: A New Class of Mechanism-Based Inhibitors of Both α- and β-GlucosidasesJohn D. McCarter and Stephen G. WithersView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada V6T 1Z1 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1, 241–242Publication Date (Web):January 10, 1996Publication History Received10 August 1995Published online10 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ja952732aCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views857Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (153 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Anions,Genetics,Inhibitors,Kinetic parameters,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
2′‐deoxy′4′‐<i>C</i>‐ethynyl‐2‐fluoroadenosine, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is highly potent against all human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and has low toxicity (2006)

An idea to use 4'-C-substituted-2'-deoxynucleoside derivatives was proposed based on a working hypothesis to solve the problems of existing acquired immune deficiency syndrome chemotherapy (highly active antiretroviral therapy). Subsequent studies have successfully proved the validity of the idea and resulted in the development of 2'-deoxy-4'-C-ethynyl-2-fluoroadenosine, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, which is highly potent to all human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (HIV-1s) including multidrug-resistant HIV-1 and has a low toxicity.
From Prout to the proton pump--a history of the science of gastric acid secretion and the surgery of peptic ulcer. (1990)

Prior to the 17th century, there was considerable confusion regarding the process of digestion. Although some physicians were certain that it was initiated by acid in the stomach, both the source and the nature of the acid were unclear. In the early 19th century, Prout confirmed the active secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach and related it to the symptoms of dyspepsia. Jacob Helm and, subsequently, Beaumont studied digestion in humans with gastric fistulas and each commented extensively on the physiologic manifestation of digestion. The role of the vagus nerves in the control of gastric acid secretion was identified in the early and mid-19th century by Brodie, and subsequently elaborated upon by Pavlov. By the early 20th century, Latarjet and Jaboulay in France, performing operations for abdominal pain and tabes, reported the effects of vagotomy on acid secretion and gastric motility. In 1943, Dragstedt, in the United States, reported the cure of duodenal peptic ulcer disease by supradiaphragmatic vagotomy. He later observed the substantial delays in emptying of the stomach, which necessitated the introduction of concomitant gastric drainage procedures, such as gastrojejunostomy and pyloroplasty. In 1902, Bayliss and Starling had described the existence of a chemical regulator of function--secretin--which they termed a hormone. Shortly thereafter, Edkins reported results of studies that supported the presence of an acid regulatory hormone, gastrin, in the antrum of the stomach. Unfortunately, controversy marred this observation, and the action of gastrin was for more than 30 years ascribed to histamine. Komarov, in 1938, confirmed the existence of gastrin and its stimulatory effects on acid secretion. Physiologic recognition of the roles of vagal stimulation and antral gastrin in the secretion of acid from the stomach resulted in the development of the operation of vagotomy and antrectomy for peptic ulcer disease. Studies of the pylorus and the motility of the stomach resulted in an appreciation of the genesis of the postgastrectomy syndromes. By the middle of the 20th century, a clear appreciation of the morphologic characteristics of the parietal cell and its ability to secrete hydrochloric acid was under way. The complex metabolic process of the cell was correlated with the major morphologic transformation necessary to generate secretion of hydrochloric acid. The development of sophisticated research technology allowed the appreciation of the complex intracellular processes necessary to allow the generation of a 2.5 million-fold gradient of hydrogen ion secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Embryonic Lethality and Defective Neural Tube Closure in Mice Lacking Squalene Synthase (1999)

Squalene synthase (SS) catalyzes the reductive head-to-head condensation of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate to form squalene, the first specific intermediate in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. We used gene targeting to knock out the mouse SS gene. The mice heterozygous for the mutation (SS+/-) were apparently normal. SS+/- mice showed 60% reduction in the hepatic mRNA levels of SS compared with SS+/+ mice. Consistently, the SS enzymatic activities were reduced by 50% in the liver and testis. Nevertheless, the hepatic cholesterol synthesis was not different between SS+/- and SS+/+ mice, and plasma lipoprotein profiles were not different irrespective of the presence of the low density lipoprotein receptor, indicating that SS is not a rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. The mice homozygous for the disrupted SS gene (SS-/-) were embryonic lethal around midgestation. E9.5-10.5 SS-/- embryos exhibited severe growth retardation and defective neural tube closure. The lethal phenotype was not rescued by supplementing the dams either with dietary squalene or cholesterol. We speculate that cholesterol is required for the development, particularly of the nervous system, and that the chorioallantoic circulatory system is not mature enough to supply the rapidly growing embryos with maternal cholesterol at this developmental stage.
Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)‐1,2,11‐trihydroxy‐, (<i>R</i>)‐2,11‐, and (<i>R</i>)‐2,10‐dihydroxyaporphines — non naturally occurring aporphine alkaloids from pukateine and thebaine (1991)

Abstract The synthesis of ( R )‐2,10‐dihydroxyaporphine ( 3a ), ( R )‐2,10‐dihydroxy‐ N‐n ‐propylnoraporphine ( 3b ) from thebaine and ( R )‐2,11‐dihydroxyaporphine (7), and 1,2,11‐trihydroxyaporphine ( 9 ), from pukateine is reported. The rearrangement of thebaine and northebaine with methanesulfonic acid to 1a and 1b with subsequent N ‐propylation gave 1b . Tetrazolyation of 1a, 1b and hydrogenolysis of 2a and 2b on Pd/C in acetic acid with subsequent O‐demethylation with hydrobromic acid (48%) led to 3a and 3b . R (‐)‐2,11‐Dihydroxyaporphine ( 7 ) was prepared by lithium/ammonia reduction of pukateine. ( R )‐1,2,11‐Trihydroxyaporphine ( 9 ) was synthesized by reaction of pukateine with boron tribromide in dichloromethane.
A High-Throughput Functional Screen Identifies Small Molecule Regulators of Temperature- and Mechano-Sensitive K<sub>2P</sub> Channels (2013)

K2P (KCNK) potassium channels generate "leak" potassium currents that strongly influence cellular excitability and contribute to pain, somatosensation, anesthesia, and mood. Despite their physiological importance, K2Ps lack specific pharmacology. Addressing this issue has been complicated by the challenges that the leak nature of K2P currents poses for electrophysiology-based high-throughput screening strategies. Here, we present a yeast-based high-throughput screening assay that avoids this problem. Using a simple growth-based functional readout, we screened a library of 106,281 small molecules and identified two new inhibitors and three new activators of the mammalian K2P channel K2P2.1 (KCNK2, TREK-1). By combining biophysical, structure-activity, and mechanistic analysis, we developed a dihydroacridine analogue, ML67-33, that acts as a low micromolar, selective activator of temperature- and mechano-sensitive K2P channels. Biophysical studies show that ML67-33 reversibly increases channel currents by activating the extracellular selectivity filter-based C-type gate that forms the core gating apparatus on which a variety of diverse modulatory inputs converge. The new K2P modulators presented here, together with the yeast-based assay, should enable both mechanistic and physiological studies of K2P activity and facilitate the discovery and development of other K2P small molecule modulators.
Hematologic and Circulatory Changes Associated With Total Knee Arthroplasty Surgical Instrumentation (1994)

This study evaluated the effects of intramedullary instrumentation when used on the femur and tibia. Twenty-six patients (52 knees) undergoing bilateral index cemented total knee arthroplasty were analyzed. Bilateral knee arthroplasties were chosen because the increased surgery would theoretically maximize any perioperative hemodynamic or hematologic changes. Patients were randomized into one of two groups depending on the exact form of surgical instrumentation used. Group I (intramedullary) knees were implanted with standard intramedullary fluted instruments. No special measures to vent the entrance holes were made. Group II (extramedullary) knees were implanted with an extramedullary tibial guide, in conjunction with an intramedullary femoral guide placed through a vented femoral hole. All patients manifested significant changes in their hematologic and hemodynamic values after arthroplasty. Leukocytes increased 85% on average, whereas fibrinogen (106%) and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (145%) also showed significant increases. Conversely, patients exhibited a relative thrombocytopenia (63%) nadiring on the second postoperative day. However, there was no significant differences seen between the two instrumentation groups. Hemodynamically, all patients exhibited rises in cardiac index (52%) and pulmonary artery pressures (64%). Analysis of the hemodynamic results in this study does demonstrate subtle evidence of increased pulmonary vascular resistance in the intramedullary group. Specifically, the intramedullary group had lower cardiac indexes, in association with higher pulmonary pressures. This increase in pulmonary vascular resistance with the use of intramedullary instrumentation may represent subtle evidence of increased lung injury in this group. Results point to the continued use of fluted intramedullary rods and vented entrance holes as a reasonable surgical technique in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty.
Antibody to Human Rotavirus in Cow's Milk (1985)

Rotavirus infection is an important cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Since the virus replicates in the intestinal lumen, we investigated the presence and effectiveness of rotavirus antibody in three forms of milk: raw milk, pasteurized milk, and commercially available infant formulas. Both raw and pasteurized milk contained detectable levels of IgG1 antibody directed at rotavirus. On the other hand, little or no anti-rotavirus antibody was detected in commercially available infant formulas or other sterile milk preparations. The milk samples with rotavirus antibody were capable of inhibiting the replication of simian, bovine, and human rotaviruses in tissue culture. In addition, they were capable of protecting mice from infection and disease in a murine model of rotavirus infection. On the other hand, the formula preparations were incapable of modifying the in vitro replication of rotavirus strains in tissue culture and did not prevent symptomatic gastroenteritis in the mouse model. We conclude that the alteration of milk-processing procedures or the addition of effective antibodies to milk preparations commonly used in the nutrition of young children may alter the clinical course of rotavirus infection or decrease the transmission of rotavirus throughout susceptible populations.
Cluster Security Research Challenges (2005)

In this paper, we share insights from our group experience building and experimenting on high performance computing clusters to support our research developing novel cluster security protection techniques and tools.
Automated Installation of Large-Scale Linux Networks (2000)

Need to load Linux on 100 workstations? Learn some tricks and techniques that could save you days of tedious work.
First Simultaneous Application of Rotary Steerable/Ream-While-Drill on Ursa Horizontal Well (2001)

Abstract The development wells at the Ursa tension leg platform (TLP) site use 8.625" production casing in conjunction with 5.5" tubing to achieve the highest daily production rates to date in the Gulf of Mexico. The desire for large diameter production casing and the small margin between mud weight and fracture gradient at the deepwater Ursa site combine to require drilling a larger sized hole than the drift diameter of the previous casing string for all of the casing intervals. Bi-center bits have successfully drilled all of the intervals in one run except the section to total depth (TD). The last 1,000’ true vertical depth (TVD) on the first two wells were drilled and then under reamed prior to running casing. The directional plan for the third well at the Ursa TLP included an 86° turn in azimuth and building hole angle to horizontal by 18,300’ TVD. The previous lack of success drilling the TD interval in one trip with bi-center bits led to using a 9.5" bit below a 6.75" AutoTrak rotary steerable closed loop system (RCLS) in combination with an 11.4" ream-while-drill (RWD) sub. This bottom hole assembly (BHA) would simultaneously drill and ream the hole to the proper diameter, thus eliminating the separate under-reamer run. During the initial pilot hole penetration of the target reservoir and two subsequent sidetracks to build to horizontal, the RCLS / RWD system drilled approximately 20,000’ of Miocene age sand and shale sediments at inclinations that ranged from 30° to 88°. The instantaneous and average rate of penetration (ROP) increased 30% and 85% respectively over that achieved in the TD interval on the previous wells drilled with steerable mud motors and bi-center bits. The directional target of the well was intersected at the desired inclination and azimuth. Caliper logs obtained while evaluating the pilot hole showed the shales had been opened to the gauge diameter of 11.4" while the sands were opened to a slightly smaller diameter. Subsequent laboratory tests showed that the slightly smaller hole diameter in the sands was most likely due to filter cake build-up and/or barite sag. This paper will discuss the planning, results, problems, and lessons learned during the first simultaneous use of rotary steerable and RWD technology while drilling a build to horizontal section to 18,300’ TVD on the Ursa A-6 well.
Complete polarization state control of ultrafast laser pulses with a single linear spatial light modulator (2007)

Shaping of the phase, amplitude, and polarization state of an ultrashort pulse is demonstrated using a novel arrangement of a single, linear, high-resolution liquid crystal array. Orthogonal polarization components, separated by a Wollaston prism, are manipulated independently and re-combined in a near-common path, common-optic geometry.
Inhibition of Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis by Oral Administration of S-Antigen and Synthetic Peptides (1992)

S-Antigen, a photoreceptor cell protein, is highly efficient in inducing experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), a severe inflammation of the uveal tract and retina of the eye. S-Antigen and six synthetic peptides, all of which correspond to known T-cell or B-cell recognition sites, were tested for their ability to induce oral tolerance to EAU in LEW rats. Feeding three 1-mg doses of native S-Antigen or three doses of one synthetic peptide, designated BSA(343-362) (200 micrograms per dose), reduced the incidence and severity of EAU induced by immunization with 50 micrograms of S-Antigen. Another peptide, BSA(270-289), was able to inhibit EAU only when a low dose (10 micrograms) of the uveitogenic S-Antigen was used to induce EAU. Animals which received 200 micrograms doses of four other immunologically active peptides, BSA(31-51), BSA(143-162), BSA(303-327) and BSA(333-352), were not significantly protected. Furthermore, animals fed BSA(343-362) were significantly less susceptible to EAU induced by adoptive transfer (tEAU) of the uveitogenic R9 T-cell lines. Con A-activated lymphocytes purified from spleens of rats fed peptide BSA(343-362) transferred partial resistance to tEAU induced by adoptive transfer of R9 line cells. The resistance of orally tolerized rats to induction of EAU by adoptive transfer of an activated, pathogenic T-cell line, and the ability of lymphocytes from orally-tolerized animals to transfer resistance to tEAU shows that effector mechanisms can be inhibited by oral feeding as well as the afferent mechanisms reported here and elsewhere. Circulating levels of IgG specific for S-Antigen were not affected by feeding any of the peptides.
Relative Acidifying Activity of Anionic Salts Commonly Used to Prevent Milk Fever (2004)

High cation diets can cause milk fever in dairy cows as they induce a metabolic alkalosis reducing the ability of the cow to maintain calcium homeostasis at the onset of lactation. Adding anions to the diet can offset the effect of the high cation forages by inducing a mild metabolic acidosis, restoring the ability to maintain calcium homeostasis. The difference in mEq of dietary cations and anions (DCAD) is most often expressed as (Na(+) + K+) - (Cl- + S(--)). This equation implies that a mEq of chloride and a mEq of sulfate are equipotent in their ability to alter acid-base balance of the cow. Using blood and urine pH to monitor effects on acid-base balance, experiments were conducted to test the relative acidifying activity of various sulfate and chloride anion sources in nonpregnant, nonlactating Jersey cows. Across all experiments, chloride proved to have about 1.6 times the acidifying activity of sulfate. Calcium and magnesium, ignored by the common DCAD equation, had a small but significant alkalinizing effect when accompanying chloride or sulfate. The ranking of the anion sources tested at a dose of 2 Eq/d, from most to least potent urine acidifier, was hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and sulfur. These data should allow more accurate prediction of the response of late gestation cows to dietary cation-anion manipulation.
Picture Coding (1974)

A survey of recent German research in the field of picture coding is presented. The described coding methods are mainly based on extended differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) techniques. A unified model of a feedback switched quantizer for picture coding is explained. Theoretical results show a 9-dB gain in SNR over that of DPCM. A simple realization is shown. For encoding the 1-MHz videotelephone signals, a two-stage coding system consisting of a two-dimensional DPCM in the first stage and a dot interlaced frame repeating codec in the second stage is described. A DPCM combined with a relevancy detector and runlength coder is used for coding the 5-MHz video signals of a high-resolution videotelephone. A special scanning technique assures compatibility with ordinary videotelephones. Good picture quality is obtained by coding the luminance and chrominance signals of color TV separately with DPCM and switched quantization into a 34 Mbit/s signal.