gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
La climatización y el tratamiento de aire en los museos, archivos y bibliotecas: Políticas de optimización de recursos energéticos. Peculiaridades (2010)

El objetivo es indicar de que manera afecta la climatizacion a las obras de arte. Parametros ambientales que influyen en la conservacion y de que manera contratarlos o eliminarlos. Politicas y actuaciones de optimizacion de recursos energeticos a llevar a cabo en un edificio de estas caracteristicas y con que limitaciones nos podemos encontrar respecto con otro tipo de edificacion.
Amphiphilic and chiral unsymmetrical perylene dye for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (2011)

A novel amphiphilic, unsymmetrically substituted N-((2S)-2-aminohexanoic acid)-N'-[(S)-1-phenylethyl]-3,4,9,10- perylenetetracarboxydiimide with 2 different chiral centers was synthesized and characterized. Chiral amphiphilicity, which can be tunable between hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, is responsible for controlled self-assembly through intermolecular hydrogen bonding (N-H \cdots O). The product showed high thermal stability but partial solubility in common organic solvents. We observed 2 isosbestic points at 533 and 611 nm, confirming the presence of overlapped monomer and excimer emissions in the temperature range of 10-80 °C. Fluorescence quenching in m-cresol was attributed to charge-transfer interactions. Importantly, the excited state of the chiral dye can decay only by fluorescence in the solid state, mainly due to O-H \cdots N hydrogen bonds. Novel red-light-emitting (\lambda_{em} = 658 nm) chiral perylene dye has a great potential for solid-state lighting technologies.
Air-cooled large turbine generator with multiple-pitched ventilation ducts (2005)

On the air-cooled turbine generators, windage loss is the substantial factor of generator losses. One solution for the windage loss reduction is to minimize the amount of coolant air with the multiple-pitched ventilation ducts in the stator core. However, non-uniform duct distribution leads to the circulating currents in the stator bar strands which increase coil losses and cause significant distribution of strand loss. This paper presents circulating currents due to multiple-pitched ventilation ducts and some schemes to reduce the circulating current loss, such as new transposition systems of coil strand.
Evaluation of the tacrolimus II microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA II) in liver and renal transplant recipients (1998)

We evaluated the MEIA II with blood samples with added tacrolimus (3.0, 5.0, 11.0, and 22.0 microg/L). The assay had acceptable recoveries (99-103%) and intraday imprecision (<16.0%) across the range of concentrations studied, except for the recoveries at 3.0 microg/L (86.3%) and 5.0 microg/L (80.7%). Comparison of liver (n = 116) and renal (n = 113) patient samples measured by MEIA II against HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) found a mean overestimation of 15.6%. From these comparison data it can be calculated that at values of 5 and 20 microLg/L in liver or renal transplant patient samples, measured by HPLC-MS/MS, MEIA II will have the corresponding range estimates of 3.6-7.9 microg/L and 20.9-25.4 microg/L, respectively. No clinically significant difference in results, in terms of overestimation or correlation, was observed between the two transplant groups studied. The MEIA II is an improvement on the previous MEIA I and is suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus where HPLC-MS/MS is unavailable.
Purification and characterization of the short-chain alkylsulphatase of coryneform B1a (1994)

Using a combination of streptomycin sulphate precipitation, and DEAE-cellulose and butyl-agarose chromatography, an alkylsulphatase active towards short-chain alkyl sulphates has been purified approx. 70-fold from extracts of coryneform B1a grown on butyl-1-sulphate. The enzyme protein is dimeric with a subunit molecular mass of 77.6 kDa, has an isoelectric point of pI 7.2, and converts butyl-1-sulphate stoichiometrically into butan-1-ol and inorganic sulphate. Stoichiometric incorporation of 18O from H2(18)O into sulphate during the reaction showed that enzymic hydrolysis occurred at the O-S bond of the C-O-S ester linkage. The enzyme was active on C3-C7 linear primary alkyl sulphates but not on higher (C8,9) or lower (C1,2) homologues, although the latter pair were competitive inhibitors. The specificity constant (kcat./Km) was highest for pentyl sulphate (Km 1.89 +/- 0.38 mM; kcat. 6.86 +/- 0.52 s-1) and decreased for higher and lower homologues. No activity was detected towards C3-C9 racemic alkyl-2-sulphates, D- or L-enantiomers of butyl-2-sulphate, the symmetrical secondary alkyl sulphates pentyl-3-sulphate, heptyl-4-sulphate, nonyl-5-sulphate, C1-C8 alkane sulphonates, choline sulphate, or butyric acid-4-sulphate; none of these compounds (except the symmetrical esters and butyric acid-4-sulphate, which were not tested) was demonstrably inhibitory. The enzyme was compared with other alkylsulphatases in terms of substrate specificity and mode of action.
Al–GaAs (001) Schottky barrier formation (1983)

Schottky diodes have been fabricated by in situ deposition of Al on GaAs (001) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. A detailed study of the Schottky barrier height (φb ) dependence on surface geometry and composition has been undertaken. Reconstructed, as well as very As- and very Ga-rich surfaces have been prepared. For comparison also samples with a thin interfacial AlAs layer were produced. The barrier height was determined by the capacitance–voltage (C–V) and current–voltage (I–V) techniques. The quality of the material was controlled by deep level transient spectroscopy revealing a total concentration of levels in the upper part of the band gap in the mid 1012 cm−3 range. Measuring the barrier heights of different diodes across a wafer showed lateral variations which were preserved also after annealing. A number of possible explanations for these variations were investigated but none proved satisfactory. Averaging over a large number of diodes revealed no apparent reconstruction dependence of the barrier height. The two measurement techniques gave the same barrier height φb ≊0.75 eV. By defining the Auger As (MVV)/Ga(MMM) signal ratio as a measure on the surface composition it was found that reconstructed surfaces appeared in the interval 2&lt;As/Ga&lt;5. Going outside this interval the barrier increased for As/Ga&lt;2 and decreased for 5&lt;As/Ga&lt;10. For As/Ga&gt;10 an increase was again found. Annealing at 573 K led to a rapid initial increase of the barrier height for the samples with reconstructed GaAs surfaces followed by a slower interdiffusion related increase during prolonged annealing.
A NOVEL AND FACILE SYNTHESIS OF<i>O</i>-ACYLBENZALDEHYDES (1998)

(1998). A NOVEL AND FACILE SYNTHESIS OF O-ACYLBENZALDEHYDES. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 177-181.
4‐Amino‐hex‐5‐enoic Acid, a Selective Catalytic Inhibitor of 4‐Aminobutyric‐Acid Aminotransferase in Mammalian Brain (1977)

Incubation of rat brain 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase with 4-amino-hex-5-enoic acid, a substrate analog of 4-aminobutyric acid, results in a time-dependent irreversible loss of enzymatic activity. In the presence of 0.1 mM inhibitor the half-life of the inactivation process is approximately 6 min. Low concentrations of L-glutamic acid or 4-aminobutyric acid protect against this inactivation, while 2-oxoglutarate prevents this protection, suggesting that only the pyridoxal form of the enzyme is susceptible to inhibition by 4-amino-hex-5-enoic acid. The irreversible inhibition of mammalian 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase by 4-amino-hex-5-enoic acid is selective. There is no inhibition of this enzyme from Pseudomonas fluorescens with the inhibitor at mM concentrations. Even at 10 mM there is no irreversible inhibition of mammalian glutamate decarboxylase or of aspartate aminotransferase, while alanine aminotransferase is inhibited over 500 times more slowly than rat brain 4-aminobutyrate transaminase.
Prevention of progression of coronary atherosclerosis by treatment of hyperlipidaemia: a seven year prospective angiographic study. (1984)

The progression of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed by repeat angiography in 28 patients and 20 controls with hyperlipidaemia (serum cholesterol concentration greater than 7.2 mmol/l (278 mg/100 ml) or serum triglyceride concentration greater than 2.0 mmol/l (177 mg/100 ml), or both) and symptomatic coronary artery disease of two or three vessels. Twenty eight patients (26 men and two women) were treated with diet and drugs (clofibrate or nicotinic acid, or both) to lower lipid concentrations. Twenty men taking part in a simultaneous study served as non-randomised controls. They received medical treatment for coronary artery disease but no treatment to reduce lipid concentrations. The initial levels of coronary risk factors and the angiographic state were comparable in the two groups. In the 28 patients total cholesterol, total triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were reduced by an average 18%, 38%, and 19% respectively by treatment for hyperlipidaemia and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was increased on average by 10%. The treatment maintained these concentrations during a follow up of seven years. By all criteria coronary lesions progressed significantly less in the patients than the controls: the angiographic state remained completely unchanged in nine (32%) of the patients compared with only one (8%) of the surviving controls; of the arterial segments at risk, 46 (16.5%) progressed in the patients compared with 50 (38.2%) in the controls (p less than 0.001); and the coronary obstruction increased less in patients than in controls (p less than 0.05). Cardiac survival was 89% in seven years in the patients compared with 65% in five years in the controls (p less than 0.01). The anginal symptoms diminished or remained stable in 16 of the 24 patients who survived until the end of the study. The progression of coronary atheromatosis was significantly greater in those patients who during the seven years of treatment had an average total cholesterol concentration, VLDL plus LDL cholesterol concentration, or ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol concentration above the respective median value than in those with the corresponding values below median. On the other hand, the patients with HDL cholesterol concentrations above the median during treatment showed less progression than those with lower HDL cholesterol concentrations. The increase in coronary obstruction was inversely related to the average HDL cholesterol concentration during treatment. The progression was not, however, related to LDL cholesterol concentration during treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Volatility Forecasting: Downside Risk, Jumps and Leverage Effect (2016)

We provide empirical evidence of volatility forecasting in relation to asymmetries present in the dynamics of both return and volatility processes. Using recently-developed methodologies to detect jumps from high frequency price data, we estimate the size of positive and negative jumps and propose a methodology to estimate the size of jumps in the quadratic variation. The leverage effect is separated into continuous and discontinuous effects, and past volatility is separated into “good” and “bad”, as well as into continuous and discontinuous risks. Using a long history of the S & P500 price index, we find that the continuous leverage effect lasts about one week, while the discontinuous leverage effect disappears after one day. “Good” and “bad” continuous risks both characterize the volatility persistence, while “bad” jump risk is much more informative than “good” jump risk in forecasting future volatility. The volatility forecasting model proposed is able to capture many empirical stylized facts while still remaining parsimonious in terms of the number of parameters to be estimated.
Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> with Dominant High-Energy {001} Facets: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications (2011)

Control of the surface structure of inorganic materials, in particular titania (TiO2), by chemical processes under nonequilibrium conditions is of growing interest from scientific and utilitarian viewpoints. Titania is one of the most important materials because of its unique surface, electronic, and photocatalytic properties, which make this material applicable in many areas of science and technology ranging from adsorption, catalysis and photocatalysis to biomedicine, environmental monitoring and cleanup, energy conversion and storage, etc. Here we review the existing strategies for the synthesis of anatase TiO2 micro- and nanosheets with exposed high-energy {001} facets and for the assembly of these nanosheets into various hierarchical structures. The {001} facets are stabilized by specific capping agents (typically, fluoride), which are used to control the growth of titania crystals. The presence of high-energy facets in titania improves significantly its adsorption, electronic, and photocatalytic properties, making this material attractive for various environmental and energy-related applications.
Studies on Photoreactive Polyesters Containing α, <i>β</i>-Unsaturated Carbonyl Group in the Main Chain (2006)

A series of polyesters containing °-unsaturated carbonyl group in the main chain was synthesized from 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propenone and 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propenone with various aliphatic and aromatic acid chlorides by an interfacial polycondensation method using a phase transfer catalyst. The structure of the synthesized monomers and polyesters was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and UV spectroscopy. These polyesters were studied for their thermal and photochemical properties. The thermal properties of polyesters were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The polyesters synthesized from aromatic acid chlorides have shown higher thermal stability than the polyesters from aliphatic acid chlorides. Moreover, the results revealed that the polyesters bearing methoxy substituent on the phenyl ring group possess lower thermal stability than non-substituted polyesters. The photoreactive property of the polyesters was studied by UV and IR spectrophotometer. It is observed that on exposure to UV light the polymers undergo photocrosslinking reaction. The photocrosslinking proceeds through the dimerization of olefinic chromophore via 2 + 2 cycloaddition reaction.
Cloning and characterization of two splice variants of human phosphodiesterase 11A (2000)

Phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A) is a recently identified family of cAMP and cGMP hydrolyzing enzymes. Thus far, a single splice variant designated as PDE11A1 has been reported. In this study, we identify and characterize two additional splice variants of PDE11A, PDE11A2 and PDE11A3. The full-length cDNAs are 2,141 bp for PDE11A2 and 2205 bp for PDE11A3. The ORF of PDE11A2 predicts a protein of 576 aa with a molecular mass of 65.8 kDa. The ORF of PDE11A3 predicts a protein of 684 aa with a molecular mass of 78.1 kDa. Comparison of the PDE11A2 sequence with that of PDE11A1 indicates an additional 86 aa at the N terminus of PDE11A2. Part of this sequence extends the potential cGMP binding region (GAF domain) present in PDE11A1. Compared with PDE11A2, PDE11A3 has an additional 108 N-terminal amino acids. Sequence analysis of PDE11A3 indicates the presence of another GAF domain in this region. This diversification of regulatory sequences in the N-terminal region of PDE11A splice variants suggests the interesting possibility of differential regulation of these enzymes. Recombinant PDE11A2 and -A3 proteins expressed in the Baculovirus expression system have the ability to hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP. The K(m) values for cAMP hydrolysis are 3.3 microM and 5.7 microM for PDE11A2 and PDE11A3, respectively. The K(m) values for cGMP hydrolysis are 3.7 microM and 4.2 microM for PDE11A2 and PDE11A3, respectively. Both PDEs showed a V(max) ratio for cAMP/cGMP of approximately 1.0. PDE11A2 is sensitive to dipyridamole, with an IC(50) of 1.8 microM, and to zaprinast, with an IC(50) of 28 microM. PDE11A3 demonstrated similar pattern of inhibitor sensitivity with IC(50) values of 0.82 and 5 microM for dipyridamole and zaprinast, respectively.
Superconducting Grid-Bus Surface Code Architecture for Hole-Spin Qubits (2017)

We present a scalable hybrid architecture for the 2D surface code combining superconducting resonators and hole-spin qubits in nanowires with tunable direct Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The backbone of this architecture is a square lattice of capacitively coupled coplanar waveguide resonators each of which hosts a nanowire hole-spin qubit. Both the frequency of the qubits and their coupling to the microwave field are tunable by a static electric field applied via the resonator center pin. In the dispersive regime, an entangling two-qubit gate can be realized via a third order process, whereby a virtual photon in one resonator is created by a first qubit, coherently transferred to a neighboring resonator, and absorbed by a second qubit in that resonator. Numerical simulations with state-of-the-art coherence times yield gate fidelities approaching the 99% fault tolerance threshold.
Influence of Electrode Materials on CeO<sub>x</sub> Based Resistive Switching (2012)

Resistance changing of ion binding insulator hardly obtain large on and off resistance ratio. Resistance switching properties using Ni, W and Ti as a bottom electrode ware caused of changing resistance of Ce oxide. The influence of metal electrode on resistive switching behavior of CeOx film has been investigated. Resistance switching characteristics using NiSi2 electrode shows a large on and off window as large as 105. The main differences of the switching properties among the electrode materials are thought to be the reaction between the Ce oxide layer and electrodes. The set voltage dependence on the thickness of Ce oxide layers has indicated that the switching behavior is based on electric field.
Kinetic study of the autoxidation of cellulose suspended in sodium hydroxide solution (1964)

Abstract An apparatus has been designed to measure small extents of gas absorption by a relatively large volume of liquid under conditions of vigorous agitation. With this apparatus a study has been made of the absorption of oxygen by finely divided cotton cellulose suspended in sodium hydroxide solution at 40°C. over a range of alkali concentration, cellulose content, and oxygen pressure. In one series of experiments cellulose depolymerization was also determined and in another experiment the alkaline autoxidation of β‐methyl cellobioside was followed. During the early stages the reaction is autocatalytic with alkali concentrations above 8 N . In the absence of diffusion effects, that is with alkali concentrations below approximately 10 N , the steady rate of oxygen absorption is given by the equation, where [Cell] refers to the weight of cellulose immersed in the solution, [O 2 ] the partial pressure of oxygen, a NaOH the molal activity of the sodium hydroxide, θ[M] a function of the metal ion content and K and K′ are constants. The known characteristics of the autoxidation are consistent with a modified Gee‐Bolland mechanism. Thus a cellulose radical formed as a result of peroxide decomposition reacts with oxygen to form a radical of the type \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm RO}_2^{.} $\end{document} . The last named is likely to be unstable and split off the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm O}_2^{\bar .} $\end{document} radical ion which is comparatively unreactive but must nevertheless be capable of attacking an ionized cellulose molecule, thus completing one oxidation cycle. In principle a chain reaction could follow but the evidence indicates that a long chain mechanism is not involved, particularly at the stage of attainment of the steady rate.
Intercell interference cancellation for TD-CDMA mobile systems (2002)

The UTRA TDD signalling mode is considered, which uses a combination of the multiple access schemes FDMA, TDMA and CDMA, which is termed TD-CDMA. In CDMA cellular mobile systems both intersymbol interference (ISI) and multiple access interference (MAI) cause degradations to the system performance. In TD-CDMA a joint detection CDMA (JD-CDMA) processor performs unbiased signal estimation to eliminate both ISI and MAI within the reference cell. This paper reports an extension of the previously reported receiver processor to achieve intercell interference cancellation to reduce the interference from the adjacent cells.
Moving boundary transport model for acid diffusion in chemically amplified resists (1999)

We propose a general model for latent image formation in chemically amplified resists. The model is based on a moving boundary acid transport concept that incorporates transient free volume generation and densification. It is based on experimental observation of negligible acid diffusion in polyhydroxysterene below Tg. The model offers insight into the post exposure bake (PEB) reaction mechanism that governs the relief image formation in chemically amplified resists. During PEB, there is a thermally induced deprotection catalyzed by the photogenerated acid that produces volatile by-products thereby generating free volume in the resist polymer. The free volume enhances local diffusivity of the acid. The rapid loss of the volatile products is followed by relaxation of the polymer matrix which eliminates the transient free volume and densifies the polymer. The densified polymer inhibits the diffusion of any acid trapped in the deprotected sites. We present cases where the model reduces to Fickean and case II type reaction driven diffusion models under some simplifying assumptions. The model was implemented in simulation tools for resist models to simulate one-dimensional and two-dimensional profiles. The results imply that the relief image formation depends strongly on both the mechanical the chemical properties of the resist. This model provides new directions for resist process optimization.
Conversion of Methyl Oleate to Branched‐Chain Hydroxy Fatty Acid Derivatives (2009)

Abstract As part of a project to develop new and expanded uses of oilseed products and by‐products (such as biodiesel, fuel additives, and lubricants), studies were conducted on the synthetic conversion of oleic acid (in the ester form) to branched‐chain fatty acid ester derivatives. In these studies, methyl oleate was epoxidized and subsequently treated with four different organocuprate reagents in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate to produce novel branched‐chain hydroxy acid derivatives. For each reaction, the two distinct isomeric products (methyl 9‐alkyl‐10‐hydroxyoctadecanoate and methyl 9‐hydroxy‐10‐alkyloctadecanoate) were isolated in the pure forms. Details of the synthesis and characterization (GC–MS, NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry) of these compounds will be discussed.