gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Storing and Retrieving Documents in a Shared Workspace: Experiences from the Political Administration (1997)

In the following we will describe experiences made when introducing a shared workspace in a German federal ministry to support the cooperative typing of documents. It will be shown how the shared workspace improved the typing process, how storing and retrieval conventions evolved during a two-year period, and which technical improvements of the system functionality have been required by the users to ease document retrieval. Finally, it will be discussed which organizational and technical factors support the establishment of common storing and retrieving conventions in shared workspaces.
Anandamide administration into the ventromedial hypothalamus stimulates appetite in rats (2001)

This investigation reports the possible role of the endocannabinoid anandamide in modulating appetitive behaviour. Given that cannabinoids have been used clinically to stimulate appetite in HIV and cancer chemotherapy patients, there has been a renewed interest in the involvement of cannabinoids in appetite modulation. This is the first report on the administration of anandamide into the ventromedial hypothalamus. Pre-satiated rats received an intrahypothalamic injection of anandamide (50 ng x 0.5 microl(-1)) followed by measurement of food intake at 3 h post injection. Administration of anandamide induced significant hyperphagia. Pretreatment with the selective CB1 cannabinoid antagonist SR 141716 (30 microg x 0.5 microl(-1)), 30 min prior to anandamide injection resulted in an attenuation of the anandamide-induced hyperphagia (P<0.001). This study demonstrates that intrahypothalamic anandamide initiates appetite by stimulation of CB1 receptors, thus providing evidence on the involvement of hypothalamic endocannabinoids in appetite initiation.
432. The Friedel–Crafts reaction in the carbazole series. Part V (1956)

D. G. Brooke and S. G. P. Plant, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 2212 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560002212
p53 Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation (2012)

p53 levels and activity are controlled in large part through regulated ubiquitination and subsequent destruction by the 26S proteasome. Monoubiquitination of p53 is mediated primarily by the RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 and impacts p53 activity through modulation of p53 localization and transcription activities. Recently, several E4 ubiquitin ligases (E4s) have been identified which serve to extend these monoubiquitin chains. The ubiquitin ligase activity of these factors toward p53, and their contribution to p53 degradation, can be studied using a variety of in vitro and in vivo methods and reagents which will be described in this chapter. These methods include in vivo ubiquitination of p53 using HA-ubiquitin or his-ubiquitin; the in vitro E3 ubiquitin ligase assay, in which ubiquitin reaction components (URC) are incubated with a purified E3 or E4 ligase; a one-step E4 assay, in which URC are incubated with a substrate, E3, and E4; and a two-step E4 assay in which p53 is monoubiquitinated in an E3 reaction, and subsequently purified and incubated with an E4. Finally, we will describe an in vitro degradation assay in which ubiquitinated p53 is incubated with purified 26S proteasomes. Together, these assays can be used to provide insight into the biochemical nature of p53 ubiquitination and degradation.
Increased Transforming Growth Factor-β Production and Gene Expression by Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Hypertensive Patients (1997)

Cultured human peripheral blood monocytes are known to secrete and express transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a multifunctional cytokine that can be involved in myocardial and vascular remodeling. In addition, monocytes/macrophages have been demonstrated to be colocalized with fibrosis of hypertrophied heart and in the vascular wall of hypertensive vessels. In this study, we tested TGF-beta production and mRNA expression in peripheral blood monocytes from hypertensive patients with myocardial hypertrophy and increased carotid myointimal thickness with respect to healthy normotensive control subjects. We found an increased TGF-beta activity in the conditioned medium of monocytes from hypertensive patients compared with control subjects as evaluated by inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation by mink lung epithelial cells (-83% and -18% in hypertensive and normotensive subjects; P<.001). Western blot analysis confirmed a significant difference in the amount of TGF-beta protein secreted in the conditioned medium of hypertensive patients compared with that of normotensive subjects. Finally, we also observed a 4.2- and 5.5-fold increase in the amount of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 transcripts, respectively. Our results indicate an upregulation of the TGF-beta system in the peripheral blood monocytes of hypertensive patients with cardiovascular structural changes, suggesting a possible role of TGF-beta monocyte production in hypertensive disease.
The Biologic Availability of Fluoride from Alginate Impressions and APF Gel Applications in Children (1981)

Ten child volunteers received routine alginate impressions and APF gel topical applications during separate visits. Whole saliva, urine, and surface enamel fluoride concentrations were measured before and after these procedures. Significant increases in salivary, urinary, and enamel fluoride concentrations were observed following APF gel application but only in whole saliva following alginate impressions.
Glide characteristics of a laser textured disk (1997)

Irregular peak signals were observed during the glide height avalanche testing of a laser textured disk. Those peak signals were analyzed and found to be consistent with the first ringing frequency of the slider vibration. The frequencies were also found to be mathematically related to the bump spacing and some specific slider speed where the irregular peaks located, and subsequently the frequencies can be calculated.
Swallow monitoring through apnea detection in breathing signal (2012)

This paper presents the concepts, design, and algorithms for a wearable swallow monitoring system. Swallow monitoring can be used for assessing a person's overall food and drink intake habits as well as other swallow related disorders. The system works based on the key observation that a person's otherwise continuous breathing process is interrupted by a short apnea when she or he swallows as a part of food intake process. Using a wearable chest-belt, we detect swallows by detecting apneas extracted from breathing signal captured by the chest-belt. A matched filter based template matching framework is developed for swallow detection. A number of matched filter template design, both static and iterative, are developed for high-accuracy swallow detection.
A Low Noise and Low Power RF Front-End for 5.8-GHz DSRC Receiver in 0.13 ㎛ CMOS (2011)

A low noise and low power RF front-end for 5.8 ㎓ DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) receiver is presented. The RF front-end is composed of a single-to-differential two-stage LNA and a Gilbert down-conversion mixer. In order to remove an external balun and 5.8 ㎓ LC load tuning circuit, a single-to-differential LNA with capacitive cross coupled pair is proposed. The RF front-end is fabricated in a 0.13 ㎛ CMOS process and draws 7.3 ㎃ from a 1.2 V supply voltage. It shows a voltage gain of 40 ㏈ and a noise figure (NF) lower than 4.5 dB over the entire DSRC band.
Dolphin Cognition and Behavior: A Comparative Approach (1986)

Published in 1986, Dolphin Cognition and Behavior is a valuable contribution to the field of Cognitive Psychology.
Identification of Attenuated <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> Strains and Characterization of an Orogastric Infection in BALB/c Mice on Day 5 Postinfection by Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis (2001)

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis localizes to the distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon of the gastrointestinal tract after oral infection. Using signature-tagged mutagenesis, we isolated 13 Y. pseudotuberculosis mutants that failed to survive in the cecum of mice after orogastric inoculation. Twelve of these mutants were also attenuated for replication in the spleen after intraperitoneal infection, whereas one strain, mutated the gene encoding invasin, replicated as well as wild-type bacteria in the spleen. Several mutations were in operons encoding components of the type III secretion system, including components involved in translocating Yop proteins into host cells. This indicates that one or more Yops may be necessary for survival in the gastrointestinal tract. Three mutants were defective in O-antigen biosynthesis; these mutants were also unable to invade epithelial cells as efficiently as wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis. Several other mutations were in genes that had not previously been associated with growth in a host, including cls, ksgA, and sufl. In addition, using Y. pseudotuberculosis strains marked with signature tags, we counted the number of different bacterial clones that were present in the cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen 5 days postinfection. We find barriers in the host animal that limit the number of bacteria that succeed in reaching and/or replicating in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen after breaching the gut mucosa.
Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the Fuzhuan brick tea-fermentation fungus Aspergillus cristatus (2016)

A model of the mating-type locus in A. cristatus is reported for the first time. Aspergillus cristatus has evolved various mechanisms to cope with high osmotic stress. As a fungus associated with Fuzhuan tea, it is considered to be safe under low- and high-osmolarity conditions.
Structural Analysis of Phenothiazine Derivatives as Allosteric Inhibitors of the MALT1 Paracaspase (2013)

Second site: In the crystal structure of human MALT1casp-Ig3 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1) in complex with the tricyclic phenothiazine derivative thioridazine (violet in the picture), the inhibitor is bound in a hydrophobic pocket far from the active site. This explains the action of phenothiazine derivatives as noncompetitive, reversible inhibitors. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Redox Control of Hsp70-Co-chaperone Interaction Revealed by Expression of a Thioredoxin-like Arabidopsis Protein (2003)

By using a yeast functional complementation assay, we have identified AtTDX, a new Arabidopsis thaliana gene, encoding a two-domain 42-kDa protein. The amino-terminal domain of AtTDX is closely related to the co-chaperone Hsp70-interacting protein HIP, whereas its carboxyl-terminal part contains a thioredoxin domain. Both in vivo and in vitro assays showed that AtTDX is a protein-disulfide reductase. We next found that the HIP domain of AtTDX is capable of interacting with the ATPase domain of Ssb2, a yeast heat-shock protein 70 chaperone. Strikingly, the AtTDX-Ssb2 interaction can be released under oxidative stress, a redox-dependent regulation involving the thioredoxin activity of AtTDX. A mutation inactivating the cysteine 20 of the ATPase domain of Ssb2 was found to stabilize the AtTDX-Ssb2 interaction that becomes redox-insensitive. As cysteine 20 is conserved in virtually all the Hsp70 chaperones, our results suggest that this residue might be more generally the target of redox regulations of chaperone binding activity.
Spiders are Mammals: Direct Instruction in Cape York (1970)

In 2010, SRA Direct Instructioni was introduced across the curriculum in two remote Cape York schools, as a key aspect of social and welfare reform. There is national political interest in these reforms, which link welfare policy to State primary school education conceived as basic skills training. Reflecting the political interest, national newspapers ran the story that Direct Instruction had provided almost miraculous results after 17 weeks (Devine 2010a). Alternative approaches to literacy development in Indigenous education did not get the same sort of media attention. Noel Pearson provides the intellectual basis for Cape York social reforms, through his writing, political advocacy and leadership of organisations involved in the reforms. His ultimate goal is successful mainstream education leading to economic integration, where young people are „completely fluent in their own culture and the wider culture‟ (Pearson 2009:57). The question posed by this vision is „What kind of education can produce these flexible, bicultural, working people who keep their traditions alive?‟
Silver‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Amination of CH Groups (2007)

Teamwork: Der Zweikernkomplex [Ag2(OTf)2(bp)2] katalysiert die intermolekulare Aminierung gesättigter C-H-Bindungen mit der Nitrenvorstufe PhINNs (siehe Schema; Ns=p-Nitrosulfonyl, OTf=Trifluormethansulfonat, bp=Bathophenanthrolin). Dabei scheint das Zweikern-Strukturmotiv entscheidend für die katalytische Aktivität zu sein. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z700760_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Lack of autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: evidence for autoreactive T-cell dysfunction not correlated with phenotype, karyotype, or clinical status (1982)

In the present study, there was a complete lack of autologous MLR between responding T cells or T subsets and unirradiated or irradiated leukemic B cells or monocytes in all 20 patients with CLL, regardless of disease status, stage, phenotype, or karyotype of the disease. The stimulating capacity of unirradiated CLL B cells and CLL monocytes or irradiated CLL B cells was significantly depressed as compared to that of respective normal B cells and monocytes in allogeneic MLR. The responding capacity of CLL T cells was also variably lower than that of normal T cells against unirradiated or irradiated normal allogeneic B cells and monocytes. The depressed allogeneic MLR between CLL B cells or CLL monocytes and normal T cells described in the present study could be explained on the basis of a defect in the stimulating antigens of leukemic B cells or monocytes. The decreased allogeneic MLR of CLL T cells might simply be explained by a defect in the responsiveness of T lymphocytes from patients with CLL. However, these speculations do not adequately explain the complete lack of autologous MLR in these patients. When irradiated CLL B cells or irradiated CLL T cells were cocultured with normal T cells and irradiated normal B cells, it was found that there was no suppressor cell activity of CLL B cells or CLL T cells on normal autologous MLR. Our data suggest that the absence or dysfunction of autoreactive T cells within the Tnon-gamma subset account for the lack of autologous MLR in patients with CLL. The possible significance of the autologous MLR, its relationship to in vivo immunoregulatory mechanisms, and the possible role of breakdown of autoimmunoregulation in the oncogenic process of certain lymphoproliferative and autoimmune diseases in man are discussed.
Candidiasis : pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment (1993)

Biology and pathogenicity of candida histopathology of candida infections candida infection in experimental animals candidiasis - predisposing factors epidemiology of candida infection laboratory diagnosis of candidiasis radiologic features of candida infection cutaneous candidiasis chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis oral and esophageal candidiasis lower gastrointestinal candidiasis genital candidiasis urinary and peritoneal infection neonatal candidiasis systemic candidiasis candida ophthalmitis and central nervous system infection endocarditis antifungal agents.
Detection of Biologically Relevant Low-Titer Neutralizing Antibodies Against Adeno-Associated Virus Require Sensitive <i>In Vitro</i> Assays (2019)

Patients with preexisting anti-adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are currently excluded from AAV8 gene therapy trials. Therefore, the assessment of biologically relevant AAV8-NAb titers is critical for product development in gene therapy. However, standardized assays have not been routinely used to determine anti-AAV8-NAb titers, contributing to a wide range of reported anti-AAV8 prevalence rates. Using a clinical <i>in vitro</i> NAb assay in a separate study, a higher than expected anti-AAV8-NAb prevalence of about 50% was found in international cohorts. This comparative study has a translational character, confirming the biological relevance of anti-AAV8-antibody titers measured by this assay. The significance of low-titer anti-AAV8 NAbs is shown, along with the relevance of the <i>in vitro</i> assay cutoff (1:5) compared with other assays. Importantly, internally standardized reagents and purified AAV8 constructs containing 90% full capsids were used to reduce the effect of empty capsids. It was found that even very low anti-AAV8-NAb titers (<1:5) could efficiently hinder transduction <i>in vivo</i>, demonstrating the importance of sensitive NAb assays for clinical applications. The <i>in vitro</i> NAb assay was found to be more sensitive than an <i>in vivo</i> NAb assay and thus more suitable for patient screening. Additionally, the study showed that anti-AAV8-NAb titers <1:5 were very rare, further supporting the <i>in vitro</i> assay. However, assays using a lower cutoff may still be useful to explain potential variances in transgene expression. These findings support the relevance of the higher than expected prevalence of anti-AAV8 NAbs, highlighting the need for strategies to circumvent preexisting anti-AAV8 NAbs.
In Vivo Activation of Dendritic Cells and T Cells during<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhimurium Infection (2001)

The present study was initiated to gain insight into the interaction between splenic dendritic cells (DC) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in vivo. Splenic phagocytic cell populations associated with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing bacteria and the bacterium-specific T-cell response were evaluated in mice given S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing GFP and ovalbumin. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that GFP-positive splenic DC (CD11c+ major histocompatibility complex class II-positive [MHC-II+] cells) were present following bacterial administration, and confocal microscopy showed that GFP-expressing bacteria were contained within CD11c+ MHC-II+ splenocytes. Furthermore, splenic DC and T cells were activated following Salmonella infection. This was shown by increased surface expression of CD86 and CD40 on CD11c+ MHC-II+ cells and increased CD44 and CD69 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Salmonella-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing cells in both of these T-cell subsets, as well as cytolytic effector cells, were also generated in mice given live bacteria. The frequency of Salmonella-specific CD4+ T cells producing IFN-gamma was greater than that of specific CD8+ T cells producing IFN-gamma in the same infected animal. This supports the argument that the predominant source of IFN-gamma production by cells of the specific immune response is CD4+ T cells. Finally, DC that phagocytosed live or heat-killed Salmonella in vitro primed bacterium-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as cytolytic effector cells following administration into naïve mice. Together these data suggest that DC are involved in priming naïve T cells to Salmonella in vivo.
Recent advances in<i>de novo</i>design strategy for practical lead identification (2003)

De novo design programs such as LEGEND, LUDI, and LeapFrog can identify novel structures that are predicted to fit the active site of a target protein. However, in the conventional de novo design strategy, the output structures obtained from the programs can be problematic with regard to synthetic accessibility and binding affinity prediction. Thus it has been practically difficult to obtain novel lead compounds that are appropriate for medicinal chemists through the de novo design strategy. Since the late 1990s, several new strategies for lead identification have been reported and the successful examples have been disclosed. One of the strategies is validation of small fragments, which can be substructures of de novo ligands, by using NMR, X-ray, or MS spectra. Another method is prioritization of output structures obtained from de novo design programs by chemical accessibility. This review describes these new strategies with practical applications and future perspectives of de novo design.
Synthesis and characterization of elastomeric nanocomposites (1995)

We present work on polymeric matrices reinforced on a molecular or nanoscale level with layered silicates. Previously, thermosetting and thermoplastic nanocomposites have realized great enhancements in barrier and mechanical properties with the latter increasing dramatically above T{sub g}. Using melt processing, PDMS-silicate nanocomposites have been synthesized by first delaminating the silicate in the polymer matrix followed by crosslinking. The nanocomposites exhibit decreased swelling in toluene and increased thermal stability. The increased swelling resistance is attributed to strong reinforcement/matrix interactions and the large surface area attainable by delamination and dispersion of the silicate particles in the polymer matrix.
High Power Ultrasound (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Nonlinear Effects Applications of High‐Power Ultrasound Processing Systems, Parameters, and Standards
microRNA‐200b modulates microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation <i>via</i> the cJun/MAPK pathway (2014)

Chronic activation of microglia, the macrophages of the CNS, has been shown to enhance neuronal damage because of excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic molecules in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent reports showed altered microRNA (miRNA) expression in immune-mediated pathologies, thus suggesting that miRNAs modulate expression of genes involving immune responses. This study demonstrates that miRNA-200b is expressed in microglia and modulates inflammatory response of microglia by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. miRNA-200b expression was found to be down-regulated in activated microglia in vivo (traumatic brain injury rat model) and in vitro. A luciferase assay and loss- and gain-of-function studies revealed c-Jun, the transcription factor of cJun-N terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway to be the target of miR-200b. Knockdown of miR-200b in microglia increased JNK activity along with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide (NO) production. Conversely, over-expression of miRNA-200b in microglia resulted in a decrease in JNK activity, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, NO production and migratory potential of activated microglia. Furthermore, miR-200b inhibition resulted in increased neuronal apoptosis after treatment of neuronal cells with conditioned medium obtained from microglial culture. Taken together, these results indicate that miRNA-200b modulates microglial inflammatory process including cytokine secretion, NO production, migration and neuronal survival.