gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restrictions to the Adaptation of Influenza A Virus H5 Hemagglutinin to the Human Host (2003)

The binding specificities of a panel of avian influenza virus subtype H5 hemagglutinin (HA) proteins bearing mutations at key residues in the receptor binding site were investigated. The results demonstrate that two simultaneous mutations in the receptor binding site resulted in H5 HA binding in a pattern similar to that shown by human viruses. Coexpression of the ion channel protein, M2, from most avian and human strains tested protected H5 HA conformation during trafficking, indicating that no genetic barrier to the reassortment of the H5 surface antigen gene with internal genes of human viruses existed at this level.
Effect of Surface Modification of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Particles on In Vitro Biocompatibility of Poly (ϵ-Caprolactone)–Matrix Composite Biomaterials (2011)

Three silane coupling agents were employed to modify the surfaces of nano-hydroxyapatite particles. Alamar Blue activity and alkaline phosphatase assay on the surfaces of the modified n-HA/PCL composites were carefully examined. The results showed that the KH792 silane modification had positively impact in interaction between bone marrow cells, and it suggested this KH792 modified composite was basically biocompatible with bone cells of rats.
Ion beam applications research - A 1981 summary of Lewis Research Center programs (1981)

A summary of the ion beam applications research (IBAR) program organized to enable the development of materials, products, and processes through the nonpropulsive application of ion thruster technology is given. Specific application efforts utilizing ion beam sputter etching, deposition, and texturing are discussed as well as ion source and component technology applications.
Logical organization of the DIGIMATIC computer (1958)

Preceding the design of the original DIGIMATIC computer and control system, Electronic Control Systems Inc., (ECS) performed technical and economic surveys to determine the requirements for successful entry into the commercial automatic machinetool market. The results may be summarized as follows.
Building design and construction handbook (1995)

A where-would-you-be-without-it handbook covering every single important step in building design and construction, now updated to include key changes in design and construction practices. Surveys materials, structures, soil mechanics and foundations, building types, hardware, insulation, acoustics, plumbing, and more–all the material that will help architects, engineers, contractors, and others work better, faster, and smarter. Includes new design specifications; the latest developments in seismic and wind design criteria; new building systems and material; updated building codes throughout; NFPA requirements; and new wood material and codes.
On the Feasibility of Internet-Scale Author Identification (2012)

We study techniques for identifying an anonymous author via linguistic stylometry, i.e., comparing the writing style against a corpus of texts of known authorship. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques with as many as 100,000 candidate authors. Given the increasing availability of writing samples online, our result has serious implications for anonymity and free speech -- an anonymous blogger or whistleblower may be unmasked unless they take steps to obfuscate their writing style. While there is a huge body of literature on authorship recognition based on writing style, almost none of it has studied corpora of more than a few hundred authors. The problem becomes qualitatively different at a large scale, as we show, and techniques from prior work fail to scale, both in terms of accuracy and performance. We study a variety of classifiers, both "lazy" and "eager," and show how to handle the huge number of classes. We also develop novel techniques for confidence estimation of classifier outputs. Finally, we demonstrate stylometric authorship recognition on texts written in different contexts. In over 20% of cases, our classifiers can correctly identify an anonymous author given a corpus of texts from 100,000 authors; in about 35% of cases the correct author is one of the top 20 guesses. If we allow the classifier the option of not making a guess, via confidence estimation we are able to increase the precision of the top guess from 20% to over 80% with only a halving of recall.
Protein-Protein Interactions Prediction Based on Iterative Clique Extension with Gene Ontology Filtering (2014)

Cliques (maximal complete subnets) in protein-protein interaction (PPI) network are an important resource used to analyze protein complexes and functional modules. Clique-based methods of predicting PPI complement the data defection from biological experiments. However, clique-based predicting methods only depend on the topology of network. The false-positive and false-negative interactions in a network usually interfere with prediction. Therefore, we propose a method combining clique-based method of prediction and gene ontology (GO) annotations to overcome the shortcoming and improve the accuracy of predictions. According to different GO correcting rules, we generate two predicted interaction sets which guarantee the quality and quantity of predicted protein interactions. The proposed method is applied to the PPI network from the Database of Interacting Proteins (DIP) and most of the predicted interactions are verified by another biological database, BioGRID. The predicted protein interactions are appended to the original protein network, which leads to clique extension and shows the significance of biological meaning.
Trial shows that homoeopathic arnica is no better than placebo (2003)

Homoeopathic arnica failed to show any advantage compared with placebo in reducing postoperative pain, bruising, and swelling in patients having elective hand surgery in results from a small randomised trial published this week.

The trial randomised 64 adults having elective surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome to three groups. The first group took three tablets of homoeopathic arnica 30C (“high potency,” 30 centesimal solutions) for seven days before surgery and for 14 days afterwards. The second group took three tablets of arnica 6C (“low potency,” 6 centesimal solutions) each day, and the third group took placebo tablets over the same time period.

Results showed no differences between the three groups in the primary …
Requirements for the interconnection of base stations in a wireless system (2003)

A computer simulation tool for studying the performance of a digital cordless telecommunication system conforming to the DECT standard has been developed. The impact of base stations configuration, input traffic patterns and handsets mobility on both the capacity and the underlying network is investigated. For the last purpose, the traffic generated by base stations is modelled, outlining signalling traffic which is due mainly to handover procedures. >
Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) nanocomposite fibers comprising different organoclays: Thermomechanical properties and morphology (2006)

Abstract Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) nano composites were synthesized by in situ polymerization at high temperature with two thermally stable organoclays: 1,2‐dimethylhexadecylimidazolium‐montmorillonite (IMD‐MMT) and dodecyltriphenyl phosphonium‐MMT (C 12 PPh‐MMT). PTT hybrid fibers with various organoclay contents were melt‐spun at various draw ratios (DRs) to produce monofilaments. The thermomechanical properties and morphologies of the PTT hybrid fibers were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and mechanical tensile properties analysis. The nanostructure of the hybrid fibers was observed by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy, which showed that the clay layers were well dispersed into the matrix polymer, although some clusters or agglomerated particles were also detected. Unlike the hybrids containing IMD‐MMT, the clay layers of the C 12 PPh‐MMT hybrid fiber were more dispersed into the matrix polymer. The thermal stability and tensile properties of the hybrid fibers increased with increasing clay content for DR = 1. However, as DR increased from 1 to 9 the ultimate strength and initial modulus of the hybrid fibers with IMD‐MMT increased slightly whereas those of C 12 PPh‐MMT hybrid fibers decreased slightly. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4535–4545, 2006
10.1109/DSDE.2010.47 (2000)

The theory solution to embedded mobile database is defined not only by the study of embedded technology, but also by the confusing need for mobile technology. In our research, we verify the simulation of access points, which embodies the structured principles of embedded mobile database on mobile agent. In order to accomplish this mission, we propose an analysis of embedded mobile database based on mobile agent (Jag), showing that mobile agent and embedded mobile database are rarely incompatible. Though such a hypothesis at first glance seems counterintuitive, it mostly conflicts with the need to provide redundancy to mobile agent.
Hydrogen bond thermodynamic properties of water from dielectric constant data (2000)

We apply statistical mechanical principles to derive simple expressions relating the hydrogen bond thermodynamic properties to the static dielectric constant of water. The approach followed by us was to develop an expression for the Kirkwood’s structure factor (g) of water, taking into account the dipolar correlations between a central molecule and H-bonded neighbors present in infinite number of shells surrounding the central molecule. The number of H-bonded neighbors in a specific shell was related to the probability P for the various donor/acceptor sites of any given water molecule to be associated. Neglecting cooperativity effects, we evaluated P by focusing only on the correct counting of H-bonds formed between various association sites rather than on the oligomer distribution. The theory yielded an extremely simple expression for the structure factor (g) of the fluid at any given temperature in terms of the enthalpy (H) and entropy (S) changes associated with bond formation. The proposed theory was then combined with the Kirkwood–Frohlich theory for evaluating the dielectric constant (ε0). We have demonstrated that the theory correctly predicts the dielectric constant of ice-I without the use of any adjustable parameters. We have then deduced estimates for H-bond thermodynamic properties (H=−5.58 kcal/mole of H-bonds; S=−8.89 cal/deg⋅mole of H-bonds) by fitting the theoretical results for ε0 of liquid water to available experimental data over temperatures ranging from 0 °C to the critical point of water. The error in the theoretical values was found to be within 1% of the corresponding experimental values over the entire range of temperatures studied. To further test the theory, we have demonstrated that the temperature variation of the average number of H-bonds per water molecule, calculated using the proposed theory with the above mentioned values for H and S, compares quite well with those estimated from various available spectroscopic and molecular simulation studies.
Quality of Feather Meal as Affected by Feather Processing Conditions , (1990)

Feather meal contains three sulfur amino acids: cystine, lanthionine, and methionine. Procedures were investigated to determine the best conditions for quantitating the sulfur amino acids in feather meal. To separate the sulfur amino acids by ion exchange chromatography, an elution system using 100 mM citrate buffer at pH 3.5 was found to be acceptable. Performic acid oxidation followed by acid hydrolysis oxidized lanthionine but also cleaved a substantial portion to form cysteic acid and an unknown compound. This result suggested that samples containing lanthionine should not be oxidized before hydrolysis. The effects of pH and of pressure during feather processing were determined. The pH was 5,7, or 9; and the steam pressures were 207, 276, or 345 kPa for 30 min. Increasing the pH or pressure increased the percentage of the protein that was pepsin digestible. As the pepsin digestibility increased, the cystine content of the feather meal decreased and mat of lanthionine increased. The experimental feather meals were included at 2.5% in a diet low in sulfur amino acids. The preparation of the feather meal had no effect on the feed:gain ratio or on weight gains by the chicks.
Variable Stiffness Fiber with Self‐Healing Capability (2016)

A variable stiffness fiber made of silicone and low melting point alloys quickly becomes >700 times softer and >400 times more deformable when heated above 62 °C. It shows remarkable self-healing properties and can be clamped, knitted, and bonded, as shown in a foldable multi-purpose drone, a wearable cast for bone injuries, and a soft multi-directional actuator.
Gallium alloy interconnects for flip-chip assembly applications (2000)

For miniature interconnection applications, innovative material systems based on gallium alloys offer potentially attractive alternatives over commonly used bonding materials, such as solders and conductive adhesives, without the reliability and environmental drawbacks. Gallium alloys are mechanically alloyed mixtures of a liquid metal and metallic powders, formed at room temperature. The alloys cure to form solid intermetallic compounds. In this work, gallium alloys have been investigated for flip-chip interconnect applications. Specifically, this paper presents the results of a preliminary feasibility study demonstrating gallium alloys as advanced interconnect materials for flip-chip on laminate applications. The topics covered include the test vehicle assembly process, reliability screening results, preliminary failure mode analysis, and interconnect microstructure analysis. To demonstrate preliminary feasibility and application, gallium alloyed with copper and nickel was used as micro-miniature interconnects between bare silicon chips and printed circuit boards. This study shows preliminary feasibility of such interconnects and reliability tests demonstrate reasonable cyclic fatigue with the use of underfill. Moreover, through the course of this work a new micro-deposition technology for gallium alloys was developed which leverages existing industry infrastructure. This initial study represents a significant advancement in microelectronic interconnect materials unveiling the potential for an innovative lead-fine, low-temperature interconnect alternative.
Base Calibration for Dual Robot System (1998)

Calibration of the base coordinate systems of the two robot manipulators in a dual robot system has not received enough attentions,though its importance is obvious. This paper describes a base calibration method by taking advantage of a visual sensor held by one of the manipulators. This method is based on,but separated from the calibrations of the robot manipulators and the visual sensor themselves. Moreover,the algorithm proposed estimates the rotational and translational parameters with the help of the same set of instrumental variables,thus no errors propagate between them. Simulations are provided to show the properties of the mehod.
Influence of Electrolyte Composition on Electrode Kinetics in the Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (1980)

Electrode kinetics of fuel oxidation on nickel and cobalt electrodes is discussed for three selected molten carbonate mixtures. The measurements were made using a potential step technique. The highest exchange current values were found on nickel anodes in all melts, and the highest of these values were found in the melt comprised of . In this ternary melt the exchange current density on nickel varied from 78 mA/cm2 for intermediate‐BTU fuel to 22 mA/cm2 for low‐BTU fuel at 650°C. The exchange current density was found to have an electrochemical reaction order parameter at constant over‐potential of around 0.25 for hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and water. Electrochemical performance of the two anode materials in the three melts is discussed, and a tentative reaction mechanism is suggested for the oxidation reaction.
Role of ATP‐binding cassette transporters in brain lipid transport and neurological disease (2007)

The brain is lipid-rich compared to other organs and although previous studies have highlighted the importance of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the regulation of lipid transport across membranes in peripheral tissues, very little is known regarding ABC transporter function in the CNS. In this study, we bring together recent literature focusing on potential roles for ABC transporters in brain lipid transport and, where appropriate, identify possible links between ABC transporters, lipid transport and neurological disease. Of the 48 transcriptionally active ABC transporters in the human genome, we have focused on 13 transporters (ABCA1, ABCA2, ABCA3, ABCA4, ABCA7 and ABCA8; ABCB1 and ABCB4; ABCD1 and ABCD2; ABCG1, ABCG2, and ABCG4) for which there is evidence suggesting they may contribute in some way to brain lipid transport or homeostasis. The transporters are discussed in terms of their location within brain regions and brain cell types and, where possible, in terms of their known functions and established or proposed association with human neurological diseases. Specific examples of novel treatment strategies for diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy that are based on modulation of ABC transporter function are discussed and we also examine possible functions for specific ABC transporters in human brain development.
21.4 Gbit/s transmission over 200 km multimode fibre using coherent optical OFDM (2008)

The first experiment of 21.4 Gbit/s polarisation multiplexed coherent optical OFDM transmission over 200 km of multimode fibre is reported. The experiment signifies that multimode fibre may have a role in achieving high spectral efficiency beyond short reach.
Kennedy Campaign Comes to Bowling Green in October 1960 (2013)

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963) campaigned for the presidency in the small town of Bowling Green, Kentucky, on October 8, 1960. This article discusses the motivation, logistics and results of the political rally held at City Hall.
The effects of common peroneal stimulation on the effort and speed of walking: a randomized controlled trial with chronic hemiplegic patients (1997)

Walking was statistically significantly improved when the ODFS was worn but no 'carry-over' was measured. Physiotherapy alone, in this group of subjects with established stroke, did not improve walking.
Transposon mutagenesis identifies genes which control antimicrobial drug tolerance in stationary-phase<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2004)

Tolerance to antimicrobial agents is a universal phenomenon in bacteria which are no longer multiplying or whose growth rate slows. Since slowly multiplying bacteria occur in clinical infections, extended periods of antimicrobial chemotherapy are needed to eradicate these organisms and to achieve cure. In this study, the molecular basis of antibiotic tolerance was investigated using transposon mutagenesis. We screened 5000 Escherichia coli Tn10Cam mutants for reduction of kanamycin tolerance in late stationary phase and found that 4935 mutants were able to grow to late stationary phase. Reduced tolerance was observed in nine mutants which became sensitive to killing by kanamycin. The mutant KS639 was the most sensitive one to kanamycin, and its genome was disrupted in an intergenic region which lies between aldB and yiaW open reading frames. This mutant showed increased sensitivity not only to kanamycin but also to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. Reduced tolerance of KS639 to kanamycin was also observed in a murine thigh infection model. P1 transduction to the wild type strains confirmed that the intergenic region was responsible for the tolerance of the bacterium to antibiotics. Using PCR-directed one-step gene replacement, we inactivated the genes aldB, yiaW and yiaV. We also deleted the intergenic region. There was no difference in kanamycin tolerance between each mutant (DeltaaldB, DeltayiaW and DeltayiaV) and the parental strain. But the mutant lacking the intergenic region showed reduced tolerance to kanamycin. These data suggest that the intergenic region between aldB and yiaW genes may be involved in tolerance to antimicrobial agents in E. coli. Furthermore, they show that it is important in murine infection during antibiotic treatment and lead to a faster kill of the mutant bacteria.
Olive Leaf Extract as a Hypoglycemic Agent in Both Human Diabetic Subjects and in Rats (2012)

Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves have been widely used in traditional remedies in European and Mediterranean countries as extracts, herbal teas, and powder. They contain several potentially bioactive compounds that may have hypoglycemic properties. To examine the efficacy of 500 mg oral olive leaf extract taken once daily in tablet form versus matching placebo in improving glucose homeostasis in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this controlled clinical trial, 79 adults with T2DM were randomized to treatment with 500 mg olive leaf extract tablet taken orally once daily or matching placebo. The study duration was 14 weeks. Measures of glucose homeostasis including Hba1c and plasma insulin were measured and compared by treatment assignment. In a series of animal models, normal, streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic, and sand rats were used in the inverted sac model to determine the mechanism through which olive leaf extract affected starch digestion and absorption. In the randomized clinical trial, the subjects treated with olive leaf extract exhibited significantly lower HbA1c and fasting plasma insulin levels; however, postprandial plasma insulin levels did not differ significantly by treatment group. In the animal models, normal and STZ diabetic rats exhibited significantly reduced starch digestion and absorption after treatment with olive leaf extract compared with intestine without olive leaf treatment. Reduced digestion and absorption was observed in both the mucosal and serosal sides of the intestine. Though reduced, the decline in starch digestion and absorption did not reach statistical significance in the sand rats. Olive leaf extract is associated with improved glucose homeostasis in humans. Animal models indicate that this may be facilitated through the reduction of starch digestion and absorption. Olive leaf extract may represent an effective adjunct therapy that normalizes glucose homeostasis in individuals with diabetes.
<title>Advanced infrared focal-plane arrays</title> (1991)

This paper introduces briefly the status of existing focal plane arrays in the world. A more detailed description of the Laboratoire Infrarouge (LIR) - SOFRADIR Technology is given. Results concerning scanned linear arrays and staring arrays are given at 77 K and 200 K. Future prospects concerning materials and readout circuits are presented.