gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Reservoir and Hydraulic Fracture Properties in Geopressure Reservoirs (2000)

Abstract Field production performance data and multiple pressure transient tests over a period of time for oil and gas wells in geopressured reservoirs have been found to often exhibit marked changes in reservoir effective permeability over the producing life of the wells. Similarly, the use of quantitative fractured well diagnostics to evaluate the production performance of hydraulically fractured wells have clearly shown that effective fracture half-length and conductivity can be dramatically reduced over the producing life of the wells. This paper reports the results of the research, development, and application of production performance analysis models to directly measure the changes in the reservoir effective permeability and fracture effective conductivity of hydraulically fractured wells completed in reservoirs that are subject to stress-dependent variation of the intrinsic formation and fracture properties. The interpretation model development is documented in the Appendices of this paper. Field examples are presented which demonstrate the application of the interpretation models to both unfractured and hydraulically fractured well production performance analyses in which stress-dependence of the reservoir and fracture properties are clearly exhibited.
Oncostatin M activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. (1994)

Oncostatin M (OM) is a polypeptide cytokine that induces autocrine and paracrine effects on AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cells (Nair et al., Science, 255, 1430-1432, 1992; Miles et al., Science, 255, 1432-1434, 1992). The signalling pathways underlying this activation are largely unknown. We have found that OM binding to KS cell lines in vitro identifies a higher affinity binding site (Kd 10-20 pM) with a lower affinity (Kd 1.5 nM), high capacity binding site. The binding of OM to its receptor at the KS cell surface stimulates a rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple proteins, including the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). In addition OM can stimulate the in vivo activation of PI3K and increases the PI3K activity in anti-phosphotyrosine and anti-src kinase family antibody directed immunoprecipitates. Genistein, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, inhibits the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-biphosphate and the growth of KS cells. Finally, OM enhances tyrosine kinase activity in immune complex kinase assay performed with antibody anti-src kinase family. These data suggest that in KS cells OM can stimulate formation of tyrosine kinase co-ordinate signalling complexes, containing at least src kinase family and PI3K, which can drive the accumulation of the putative second-messengers D3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides.
Silicon Damage Caused by Hydrogen Containing Plasmas (1983)

This study shows that the damage observed in silicon slices after exposure to reactive ion etching in a hydrogen containing plasma is caused by physical bombardment of the surface by hydrogen ions. This conclusion is based primarily on extensive measurements of retention time, Rutherford backscattering, and Auger analysis data. When the etch gas is a mixture of and , hydrogen ions are implanted into the silicon surface to an approximate depth of 200Å. Because the etch rate of silicon in is slow, any resulting surface damage due to this plasma increases faster than can be removed by a fast silicon etch, like alone. However, the damaged layer can readily be removed by any dry or wet etching agent. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) measurements of charge retention indicate that an exposure to hydrogen containing plasmas for less than 5 min does not degrade the silicon surface sufficiently to be of concern for device fabrication on VLSI. Good product yields have been fabricated with a plasma that contains hydrogen.
Available volume fraction of macromolecules in the extravascular space of a fibrosarcoma: implications for drug delivery. (1999)

Steric exclusion of molecules in the extravascular space of tissues can be quantified by the available volume fraction (K(AV)). Despite its clinical importance, however, there is a paucity of data in the literature regarding the available volume fraction of macromolecules in the extravascular space of tumor tissues. In this study, we quantified K(AV) of inulin, BSA, and dextran molecules of Mr 10,000-2,000,000 in polymer gels and fibrosarcoma tissues. The measurement involved: (a) sectioning of gels or tumor tissues into thin slices (approximately 600 microm) using a Vibratome, (b) ex vivo incubation of the slices in solutions containing fluorescently labeled tracers, and (c) quantification of the equilibrium tracer concentrations in both slices and solutions. We found that K(AV) in gels decreased monotonically when the Mr of dextran was increased from Mr 10,000 to 2,000,000. However, K(AV) in tumor tissues was insensitive to the molecular weight of dextran in the range between Mr 10,000 and 40,000. There was a sharp decrease in K(AV) from 0.28 +/- 0.14 to 0.10 +/- 0.06 when the molecular weight was increased from Mr 40,000 to 70,000. In addition to the molecular weight dependence, K(AV) was heterogeneous in tumors, with intertumoral difference being greater than intratumoral variation. The interstitial fluid space, which was quantified by K(AV) of inulin, was 50% of the total tissue volume. These data indicate that the fraction of the extravascular volume in tumors that is accessible to large therapeutic agents is heterogeneous and depends on the size of agents.
Measurement and classification of out-of-sequence packets in a tier-1 IP backbone (2002)

No abstract available.
Alumina-on-Alumina Total Hip Arthroplasty (2002)

Background: The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the results, after a minimum of 18.5 years of follow-up, in a consecutive series of total hip arthroplasties performed with an alumina-on-alumina combination. Methods: One hundred and eighteen consecutive total hip arthroplasties were performed in 106 patients between 1979 and 1980. The prostheses combined a 32-mm alumina head and an all-alumina socket. Both components were cemented in eighty-five hips, both components were implanted without cement in twenty-nine, and only the stem was cemented in four. The mean age of the patients at the time of the index arthroplasty was 62.2 years (range, thirty-two to eighty-nine years). Results: At the 18.5 to 20.5-year follow-up evaluation, forty-five patients (fifty-one hips) were alive and had not had a revision, twenty-five patients (twenty-five hips) had undergone revision of one or both components, twenty-seven patients (thirty hips) had died, and nine patients (twelve hips) had been lost to follow-up. The mean Merle d’Aubigné hip score (and standard deviation) was 16.2 ± 1.8 points at the latest follow-up evaluation. The rate of survival at twenty years, with revision for any reason as the end-point, was 85.6% for the cementless cups compared with 61.2% for the cemented cups and 84.9% for the cementless stems compared with 87.3% for the cemented stems. Wear of the prosthetic components was undetectable on plain radiographs. Periprosthetic cystic or scalloped lesions requiring the use of allograft bone during revision were present in three of the twenty-five revised hips. In addition, seven hips had moderate acetabular osteolysis treated with a 4-mm-larger cup. No fracture of the alumina socket or head was recorded. The mean acetabular wear rate in this series was <0.025 mm/yr. Conclusion: With the alumina-on-alumina total hip arthroplasty, minimal wear rates and limited osteolysis can be expected up to twenty years after the operation, provided that sound acetabular component fixation is obtained.
Evolution of an adenocarcinoma in response to selection by targeted kinase inhibitors (2010)

We conclude that complete genomic characterization of a rare tumor has the potential to aid in clinical decision making and identifying therapeutic approaches where no established treatment protocols exist. These results also provide direct in vivo genomic evidence for mutational evolution within a tumor under drug selection and potential mechanisms of drug resistance accrual.
Energy-Efficient Mapping and Scheduling of Task Interaction Graphs for Code Offloading in Mobile Cloud Computing (2013)

To reduce the energy consumption in mobile devices, intricate applications are divided into several interconnected partitions like Task Interaction Graph (TIG) and are of floaded to cloud resources or nearby surrogates. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is an effective technique to reduce the power consumption during mapping and scheduling stages. Most of the existing research works proposed several task scheduling solutions by considering the voltage/frequency scaling at the scheduling stage alone. But, the efficacy of these solutions can be improved by applying the DVFS in both mapping as well as scheduling stages. This research work attempts to apply DVFS in mapping as well as scheduling stages by combining both the task-resource and resource-frequency assignments in a single problem. The idea is to estimate the worst-case global slack time for each task-resource assignment, distributes it over the TIG and slowing down the execution of tasks using dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. This optimal slowdown increases the computation time of TIG without exceeding its worst-case completion time. Further, the proposed work models the code offloading as a Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) in Matlab-R2012b and solves it using two-level Genetic Algorithm (GA) of the global optimization toolbox. The effectiveness of the proposed model is assessed by a simulation and the results conclude that there is an average energy savings of 35% in a mobile device.
Final Report: Fiscal Year 1997 demonstration of omnivorous non-thermal mixed waste treatment: Direct chemical oxidation of organic solids and liquids using peroxydisulfate (1998)

Direct Chemical Oxidation (DCO) is a non-thermal, ambient pressure, aqueous-based technology for the oxidative destruction of the organic components of hazardous or mixed waste streams. The process has been developed for applications in waste treatment, chemical demilitarization and decontamination at LLNL since 1992. The process uses solutions of the peroxydisulfate ion (typically sodium or ammonium salts) to completely mineralize the organics to carbon dioxide and water. The expended oxidant may be electrolytically regenerated to minimize secondary waste. The paper briefly describes: free radical and secondary oxidant formation; electrochemical regeneration; offgas stream; and throughput.
Performance Enhancement of Deep Neural Network Using Feature Selection and Preprocessing for Intrusion Detection (2019)

Machine learning enables intrusion detection systems to detect network attacks adaptively and intelligently. Recently deep neural network has been investigated as such a solution owing to its high accuracy but it has limitation in real-time performance. To enhance the learning time, in this paper, we propose to use feature selection and layer configuration. We use the NSL-KDD data set, which is a refined version of the KDD CUP 99 data set and analyzed the associations between features using WEKA, a data mining tool. Our experimental results confirm that proper feature selection and layer configuration can reduce learning time while maintaining high average accuracy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxadiazolyl‐, Thiadiazolyl‐ and Triazolylindoles and Indolylthiazolidinones. (1989)

Abstract Fourteen compounds of type (III) are prepared and transformed to the heterocyclic systems (IV)‐(VI).
C/EBP proteins contain nuclear localization signals imbedded in their basic regions. (1997)

The C/EBP-related proteins (C/EBPalpha, CRP1, C/EBPbeta, and C/EBPdelta) form a subfamily of bZIP (basic region/leucine zipper) transcription factors that display sequence homology within the bZIP domain. The conserved basic region contains two motifs that exhibit significant homology to the bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) first described in nucleoplasmin. CRP1 and C/EBPbeta proteins bearing deletions of the basic region accumulate in the cytoplasm, in contrast to their normal nuclear location. Analysis of chimeric proteins consisting of CRP1 basic region sequences fused to beta-galactosidase revealed that the CRP1 basic region contains a single NLS that differs from conventional bipartite signals in two ways. First, mutation of a pair of arginine residues at the N-terminus of the proposed NLS does not disrupt its function. Second, the CRP1 NLS requires additional nonbasic residues at its C-terminus. A basic residue within the CRP1 NLS that is not conserved within the C/EBP family is occupied instead by an uncharged residue in C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta. When this nonconserved arginine residue was changed to alanine the CRP1 NLS behaved as a classical bipartite signal, suggesting that bipartite NLSs are present in all family members but that NLSs of the individual members differ slightly. Additionally, mutation of critical NLS residues in the intact CRP1 and C/EBPbeta proteins showed that these elements exhibit more bipartite-like characteristics when present in their normal sequence context. Finally, we observed that a C/EBPbeta protein lacking its NLS can be localized to the nucleus when coexpressed with C/EBPalpha, indicating that a single NLS is sufficient to promote nuclear transport of a bZIP dimer.
The effects of climate change on biodiversity: Pressing issues and research priorities (2009)

Citation: Krupp F, Musselman LJ, Kotb MMA, Weidig I (2009) Th e eff ects of climate change on biodiversity: Pressing issues and research priorities. In: Krupp F, Musselman LJ, Kotb MMA, Weidig I (Eds) Environment, Biodiversity and Conservation in the Middle East. Proceedings of the First Middle Eastern Biodiversity Congress, Aqaba, Jordan, 20–23 October 2008. BioRisk 3: 1–4. doi: 10.3897/biorisk.3.40
Oct4 dependence of chromatin structure within the extended Nanog locus in ES cells (2008)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells offer insight into early developmental fate decisions, and their controlled differentiation may yield vast regenerative potential. The molecular determinants supporting ES cell self-renewal are incompletely understood. The homeodomain proteins Nanog and Oct4 are essential for mouse ES cell self-renewal. Using a high-throughput approach, we discovered DNaseI hypersensitive sites and potential regulatory elements along a 160-kb region of the genome that includes GDF3, Dppa3, and Nanog. We analyzed gene expression, chromatin occupancy, and higher-order chromatin structure throughout this gene locus and found that expression of the reprogramming factor Oct4 is required to maintain its integrity.
Membrane Dynamics at the Endoplasmic Reticulum–Golgi Interface (1997)

Movement of cargo through the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells occurs as a discontinuous process involving the activity of 50–80-nm vesicles ([28][1]). Vesicles forming on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the COPII coat machinery ([35][2]) were first detected as coated elevations on
A two-stage 3D Unet framework for multi-class segmentation on full resolution image (2018)

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been intensively used for multi-class segmentation of data from different modalities and achieved state-of-the-art performances. However, a common problem when dealing with large, high resolution 3D data is that the volumes input into the deep CNNs has to be either cropped or downsampled due to limited memory capacity of computing devices. These operations lead to loss of resolution and increment of class imbalance in the input data batches, which can downgrade the performances of segmentation algorithms. Inspired by the architecture of image super-resolution CNN (SRCNN) and self-normalization network (SNN), we developed a two-stage modified Unet framework that simultaneously learns to detect a ROI within the full volume and to classify voxels without losing the original resolution. Experiments on a variety of multi-modal volumes demonstrated that, when trained with a simply weighted dice coefficients and our customized learning procedure, this framework shows better segmentation performances than state-of-the-art Deep CNNs with advanced similarity metrics.
Secure Fine-Grained Access Control and Data Sharing for Dynamic Groups in the Cloud (2018)

Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm that enables users to store their data in a cloud server to enjoy scalable and on-demand services. Nevertheless, it also brings many security issues, since cloud service providers (CSPs) are not in the same trusted domain as users. To protect data privacy against untrusted CSPs, existing solutions apply cryptographic methods (e.g., encryption mechanisms) and provide decryption keys only to authorized users. However, sharing cloud data among authorized users at a fine-grained level is still a challenging issue, especially when dealing with dynamic user groups. In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient fine-grained access control and data sharing scheme for dynamic user groups by: 1) defining and enforcing access policies based on the attributes of the data; 2) permitting the key generation center to efficiently update user credentials for dynamic user groups; and 3) allowing some expensive computation tasks to be performed by untrusted CSPs without requiring any delegation key. Specifically, we first design an efficient revocable attribute-based encryption (ABE) scheme with the property of ciphertext delegation by exploiting and uniquely combining techniques of identity-based encryption, ABE, subset-cover framework, and ciphertext encoding mechanism. We then present a fine-grained access control and data sharing system for on-demand services with dynamic user groups in the cloud. The experimental data show that our proposed scheme is more efficient and scalable than the state-of-the-art solution.
Glucagon-like peptide-2 induces rapid digestive adaptation following intestinal resection in preterm neonates (2013)

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a frequent complication after intestinal resection in infants suffering from intestinal disease. We tested whether treatment with the intestinotrophic hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) increases intestinal volume and function in the period immediately following intestinal resection in preterm pigs. Preterm pigs were fed enterally for 48 h before undergoing resection of 50% of the small intestine and establishment of a jejunostomy. Following resection, pigs were maintained on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) without (SBS, n = 8) or with GLP-2 treatment (3.5 μg/kg body wt per h, SBS+GLP-2, n = 7) and compared with a group of unresected preterm pigs (control, n = 5). After 5 days of TPN, all piglets were fed enterally for 24 h, and a nutrient balance study was performed. Intestinal resection was associated with markedly reduced endogenous GLP-2 levels. GLP-2 increased the relative absorption of wet weight (46 vs. 22%), energy (79 vs. 64%), and all macronutrients (all parameters P < 0.05). These findings were supported by a 200% increase in sucrase and maltase activities, a 50% increase in small intestinal epithelial volume (P < 0.05), as well as increased DNA and protein contents and increased total protein synthesis rate in SBS+GLP-2 vs. SBS pigs (+100%, P < 0.05). Following intestinal resection in preterm pigs, GLP-2 induced structural and functional adaptation, resulting in a higher relative absorption of fluid and macronutrients. GLP-2 treatment may be a promising therapy to enhance intestinal adaptation and improve digestive function in preterm infants with jejunostomy following intestinal resection.
La sostenibilidad se acerca al mundo automovilístico (2007)

Actualment desplacar-se (viatjar, anar a treballar, anar a comprar...) es una necessitat practicament vital pel primer mon. Per a poder realitzar un desplacament es imprescindible un transport que faciliti aquesta tasca minimitzant temps i diners i maximitzant comoditat. El consumisme desmesurat creixent i la falta de politiques de les administracions per a facilitar un transport assequible i sostenible per a la poblacio fa que l?us de vehicle privat sigui avui en dia una necessitat practicament inevitable per a la major part dels habitants de la poblacio industrialitzada. Un dels protagonistes imprescindible en l?us del vehicle privat es l?automobil particular, en la majoria dels casos. No ha estat fins ara que les empreses, els governs i els ciutadans han comencat a prendre consciencia dels perjudicis que aixo causa a la vida quotidiana a causa del dany mediambiental que l?us d?aquests aparells ocasiona.
Synthese von Glycofuranosylformamiden, ‐isocyaniden und ‐isocyanaten ausgehend von den entsprechenden Glycosylaziden (1988)

Abstract Die durch Staudinger‐Reaktion aus den Glycofuranosylaziden 1a, 2b, 3e, 3e, 4d, 4e und 5d gebildeten P ‐ N ‐Ylide reagieren mit Ameisensäure‐Essigsäureanhydrid zu den entsprechenden Glycofuranosylformamiden 1c, 2c, 3g, 4f, 4g und 5e . Als Nebenprodukte entstehen dabei die anomeren Verbindungen 1c,2c und 3g (Ausb. ca. 5%). Unter diesen Bedingungen ergeben α‐ und β‐5‐ O ‐ tert ‐Butyldimethylsilyl‐2,3‐ O ‐isopropyliden‐ L ‐talofuranosylazid ( 3e und 3e ) dasselbe Formamid 3g . Die Formamide können mit Phosphorylchlorid/Diisopropylamin unter Wasserabspaltung in die Glycofuranosylisocyanide 1d, 2d, 3i und 4h umgewandelt werden. Anschließende Oxidation mit Blei(IV)acetat ermöglicht einen guten Zugang zu den Glycofuranosylisocyanaten 1e, 2d, 3j und 4i .
Inheritance of a Cancer-Associated <i>MLH1</i> Germ-Line Epimutation (2007)

Persons who have hypermethylation of one allele of MLH1 in somatic cells throughout the body (a germ-line epimutation) have a predisposition for the development of cancer in a pattern typical of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. By studying the families of two such persons, we found evidence that the epimutation was transmitted from a mother to her son but was erased in his spermatozoa. The affected maternal allele was inherited by three other siblings from these two families, but in those offspring the allele had reverted to the normal active state. These findings demonstrate a novel pattern of inheritance of cancer susceptibility and are consistent with transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.