gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Effects of microgravity on ZBLAN optical fibers utilizing a sounding rocket</title> (1996)

Samples of ZBLAN optical fiber were heated to the pulling and crystallization temperature in microgravity aboard a sounding rocket and on the ground at 1g. This was done in order to better understand the effects of gravity on the crystallization behavior of ZBLAN fibers. Samples heated in 1g at both temperatures crystallized. Samples heated to the crystallization temperature in microgravity were contaminated with water upon re-entry. Samples heated to the pulling temperature showed no evidence of crystallization in microgravity.
Exploiting Parallelism on GPUs and FPGAs with OmpSs (2017)

This paper presents the OmpSs approach to deal with heterogeneous programming on GPU and FPGA accelerators. The OmpSs programming model is based on the Mercurium compiler and the Nanos++ runtime. Applications are annotated with compiler directives specifying task-based parallelism. The Mercurium compiler transforms the code to exploit the parallelism in the SMP host cores, and also to spawn work on CUDA/OpenCL devices, and FPGA accelerators. For the CUDA/OpenCL devices, the programmer needs only to insert the annotations and provide the kernel function to be compiled by the native CUDA/OpenCL compiler. In the case of the FPGAs, OmpSs uses the High-Level Synthesis tools from FPGA vendors to generate the IP configurations for the FPGA. In this paper we present the performance obtained on the matrix multiply benchmark in the Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale+, as a result of using OmpSs on this benchmark.
High‐resolution array CGH identifies novel regions of genomic alteration in intermediate‐risk prostate cancer (2009)

Approximately one-third of prostate cancer patients present with intermediate risk disease. Interestingly, while this risk group is clinically well defined, it demonstrates the most significant heterogeneity in PSA-based biochemical outcome. Further, the majority of candidate genes associated with prostate cancer progression have been identified using cell lines, xenograft models, and high-risk androgen-independent or metastatic patient samples. We used a global high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) assay to characterize copy number alterations (CNAs) in intermediate risk prostate cancer. Herein, we show this risk group contains a number of alterations previously associated with high-risk disease: (1) deletions at 21q22.2 (TMPRSS2:ERG), 16q22-24 (containing CDH1), 13q14.2 (RB1), 10q23.31 (PTEN), 8p21 (NKX3.1); and, (2) amplification at 8q21.3-24.3 (containing c-MYC). In addition, we identified six novel microdeletions at high frequency: 1q42.12-q42.3 (33.3%), 5q12.3-13.3 (21%), 20q13.32-13.33 (29.2%), 22q11.21 (25%), 22q12.1 (29.2%), and 22q13.31 (33.3%). Further, we show there is little concordance between CNAs from these clinical samples and those found in commonly used prostate cancer cell models. These unexpected findings suggest that the intermediate-risk category is a crucial cohort warranting further study to determine if a unique molecular fingerprint can predict aggressive versus indolent phenotypes.
Bile acids destabilise HIF-1α and promote anti-tumour phenotypes in cancer cell models (2016)

These findings suggest previously unobserved roles for bile acids as physiologically relevant molecules targeting hypoxic tumour progression.
Development of Soft Nanocomposite Materials and Their Applications in Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering (2012)

Novel soft nanocomposite materials with unique organic/inorganic network structures have been developed by extending the strategy of "organic/inorganic nanocomposites" to the field of soft materials. The structures described here were synthesized by in-situ free-radical polymerization of various monomers in the presence of exfoliated clay (hectorite) in aqueous media. The nanocomposite hydrogels (NC gels) and soft nanocomposites (M-NCs) obtained were flexible and transparent soft materials, regardless of the clay content, that could be prepared in various shapes and surface forms, each consisting of individually different polymer/clay network structures. Owing to these unique network structures, both NC gels and M-NCs showed extraordinary mechanical properties such as ultrahigh elongation at break and widely controlled modulus and strength, which could overcome the problems (e.g., mechanical fragility, optical turbidity, poor processing ability) associated with conventional chemically crosslinked materials. In addition, the NC gels and M-NCs exhibited a number of new characteristics related to optical anisotropy, morphology, biocompatibility, stimulus sensitivity and cell culture. In the present review, we outline the novel features of these soft nanocomposites, and demonstrate their potential as soft culture substrates useful for tissue engineering as well as soft, transparent, absorbing, and mechanically tough biomaterials for many bio-applications.
Mendel's Laws of Inheritance and Wheat Breeding (1905)

The investigations to be described below are the outcome of some experiments started in 1900 which had in view the improvement of English-grown wheat. The necessity of such work may not be evident to all, so at the outset I will sketch in broad outlines the state of affairs which led me to undertake the task. The fact is generally recognized that the wheats of this country are characterized by their high yields per acre and by the shapeliness of their grain. We can grow on the average over 30 bushels to the acre where the United States grow 14, Russia 10, and the Argentine 7. Yet the acreage under wheat in this country has fallen from three and a-half million acres in 1876 to one and a-half million in 1903, and we now grow approximately only one-fifth of the wheat we consume. Further than this there is good evidence to show that the quality of the grain now grown is inferior to that of twenty years ago. It has been sacrificed to yield, and many of the better class varieties, such as Chiddam, Red Lammas and Rough Chaff, have been more or less driven out of the field by varieties such as Square Head and Rivet, which are capable of giving slightly larger crops of grain and straw. These inferior varieties have now to compete with wheat imported from Canada, the United States, Russia and other countries. The seriousness of the position becomes evident when one finds English wheat selling at 28 s . 6 d . a quarter when Manitoba Hard is selling at 35 s .
Chemical Compounds from the Preanal Gland Secretions of the Male Tree Agama (Acanthocercus atricollis) (Fam. Agamidae) (2013)

Chemical signals have an important role in the reproductive behaviour of many lizards. However, the compounds secreted by their femoral or preanal glands, which may be used as sexual signals, are mainly known for lizard species within the Scleroglossa clade, whereas compounds in secretions of lizards within the Iguania clade are much less studied. Based on mass spectra, obtained by GC-MS, we found 60 lipophilic compounds in preanal gland secretions of the male tree agama (Acanthocercus atricollis) (fam. Agamidae), including steroids (mainly cholesterol, cholest-3-ene, and some of their derivatives), fatty acids ranging between n-C 12 and n-C 18 (mainly hexadecanoic and octadecenoic acids), ketones from n-C 17 to n-C 25 , and other minor compounds, such as tocopherol, squalene, waxy esters, and furanones. We compare the compounds found with those present in other lizard species and discuss their potential function in social behaviour
Inhibition of Human Corneal Epithelial Production of Fibrotic Mediator TGF-β2 by Basement Membrane–Like Extracellular Matrix (2007)

These findings indicate that Matrigel inhibits TGF-beta2 gene expression and point to a mechanism dependent on Matrigel composition and structure. The capacity of Matrigel to reduce ezrin is consistent with this idea and directs the focus of future studies toward the ERM/Rho pathway.
A staged carry-save-adder array for Montgomery modular multiplication (2003)

In this paper, an efficient VLSI architecture to compute the n-bit Montgomery modular multiplication is proposed. By using the staged carry save adder (CSA) array, the computation cycles of addition reduced by about 3n/8. In addition, we apply the switch unit to save 2Q-2 registers from the traditional Q-bit CSA. Compare with the original method, the total clock cycles can be reduced by 68% in the case of n=1024 and Q=512 bits.
Scalability of the Deterministic and Bayesian Approaches to Production-Data Integration Into Reservoir Models (2004)

Summary Current techniques for production-data integration into reservoir models can be broadly grouped into two categories: deterministic and Bayesian. The deterministic approach relies on imposing parameter-smoothness constraints using spatial derivatives to ensure large-scale changes consistent with the low resolution of the production data. The Bayesian approach is based on prior estimates of model statistics such as parameter covariance and data errors and attempts to generate posterior models consistent with the static and dynamic data. Both approaches have been successful for field-scale applications, although the computational costs associated with the two methods can vary widely. To date, no systematic study has been carried out to examine the scaling properties and relative merits of the methods. We systematically investigate the scaling of the computational costs for the deterministic and the Bayesian approaches for realistic field-scale applications. Our results indicate that the deterministic approach exhibits a linear increase in the CPU time with model size compared to a quadratic increase for the Bayesian approach. We also propose a fast and robust adaptation of the Bayesian formulation that preserves the statistical foundation of the Bayesian method and at the same time has a scaling property similar to that of the deterministic approach. We demonstrate the power and utility of our proposed method using synthetic examples and a field example from the Goldsmith field, a carbonate reservoir in west Texas.
Sex-Related Acoustic Changes in Voiceless English Fricatives (2005)

This investigation is a comprehensive acoustic study of 4 voiceless fricatives (/f θ s ∫/) in English produced by adults and pre- and postpubescent children aged 6–14 years. Vowel duration, amplitude, and several different spectral measures (including spectral tilt and spectral moments) were examined. Of specific interest was the pattern of normal development of the acoustic properties of fricatives and the nature of sex-specific patterns of fricative articulation in prepubescent children. Little evidence of amplitude or duration differences was found between speakers that was related to sex of the speaker. However, significant sex-specific differences in fricative articulation were found in all groups of speakers—even in the youngest children (ages 6–7 years)—although there was an indication that some of the acoustic differences between females and males is reduced or absent in the youngest children. Results from discriminant analysis demonstrated that a discriminant function based on the adult male tokens was generally better at classifying fricatives produced by male speakers than female speakers, regardless of age. This showed that sex-related differences (presumably a function of sex-linked vocal tract variation) were present even in the youngest speaker group. However, the classification accuracy of the female model showed a steady improvement with the increased age of the female speakers and may provide support for the claim that sex-related developmental differences may just be emerging in the youngest age group.
Multilayer Fabry-Perot microbolometers for infrared wavelength selective detection (2006)

Multi-color narrow-band Salisbury Screen and Jaumann Absorbers using optimized thickness Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> layers are designed that produce wavelength selectivity in 7~14μm wavelength band. The Jaumann Absorbers can be used as a vertically stacked pixel structure to save space and enhance resolution compared to frequency selective Salisbury Screens pixels lying in a common plane.
[Association between lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin's activation and left ventricular function and remodeling in hypertensive heart failure rats]. (2008)

Elastolytic Cat S might play an important role in the pathogenesis of myocardial remodeling and heart failure and Cat S might serve as a novel therapeutic target in preventing or reversing hypertension induced LV remodeling and heart failure.
The nonlinearity cancellation phenomenon in micromechanical resonators (2008)

10.1088/0960-1317/18/6/065014
恐怖经典再现 《生化危机5》抢先体验 (2009)

望了一眼头顶炽热的太阳，克里斯抹了一把额头的汗水，低头喃喃自语“我究竟是为何而战呢……”远处扬起了一大片土黄色的尘土，其中隐隐夹杂着叫骂和金属碰撞的声音。“这些家伙，又来了。”克里斯无奈地拉了—下背后来复枪的肩带，然后毅然向着那片尘土走去。
Variables Suchen und Drucken (VSD) (1984)

Die Erfassung und Verarbeitung von Informationen erfolgt heute in fast allen betrieblichen Bereichen mit Hilfe EDV-gestützter Systeme. In der betrieblichen Praxis hat eine Vielzahl sogenannter Abrechnungs- und Informationssysteme große Verbreitung gefunden. Selbst kleinere Unternehmen setzen Rechner für die Finanzbuchhaltung und die Personalabrechnung ein. In der vergleichsweise langen Zeitspanne zwischen Entwicklung bzw. Kauf, Implementierung und praktischem Einsatz dieser Systeme - ein Prozeß, der häufig mit erheblichen organisatorischen Anpassungsprozessen verbunden ist - haben sich aber auch die Leistungen und Möglichkeiten der Rechner wesentlich verbessert und weiterentwickelt. Fortschritte wurden durch die Nutzung moderner Formen der Speicherung und durch die Entwicklung flexibler Programmsysteme erzielt. So ermöglichen Datenbanken in einzelnen Bereichen bereits eine sehr zeitnahe Informationsgewinnung. Abrechnungs- und Informationssysteme eignen sich vor allem für häufig wiederkehrende Verarbeitungsprozesse; ihre Anwendungsmöglichkeiten bleiben damit auf spezifische Aufgaben und Funktionen begrenzt.
A routing scheme for datagram and virtual circuit services in the MSN (2003)

Manhattan Street Network (MSN) is a directed mesh network designed for a metropolitan area. To satisfy multiservice application, a routing scheme is required to support both datagram and virtual circuit services in MSN. The authors present a simple routing scheme that fulfils the need. The proposed scheme is based on computing hop counters (HCs), and then routing message(s) using their values. The hop counter computation is performed whenever a message is originated at a node to obtain a preferred path. Forward and backward learning are useful concepts in HC computation. The proposed routing scheme then discerns a virtual circuit or datagram service for a message in the network. To study the routing efficiency and traffic adaptivity, the authors have simulated this scheme, and the results compare favorably with that of an existing technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CASH: Supporting IaaS Customers with a Sub-core Configurable Architecture (2016)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Clouds have grown increasingly important. Recent architecture designs support IaaS providers through fine-grain configurability, allowing providers to orchestrate low-level resource usage. Little work, however, has been devoted to supporting IaaS customers who must determine how to use such fine-grain configurable resources to meet quality-of-service (QoS) requirements while minimizing cost. This is a difficult problem because the multiplicity of configurations creates a non-convex optimization space. In addition, this optimization space may change as customer applications enter and exit distinct processing phases. In this paper, we overcome these issues by proposing CASH: a fine-grain configurable architecture co-designed with a cost-optimizing runtime system. The hardware architecture enables configurability at the granularity of individual ALUs and L2 cache banks and provides unique interfaces to support low-overhead, dynamic configuration and monitoring. The runtime uses a combination of control theory and machine learning to configure the architecture such that QoS requirements are met and cost is minimized. Our results demonstrate that the combination of fine-grain configurability and non-convex optimization provides tremendous cost savings (70% savings) compared to coarse-grain heterogeneity and heuristic optimization. In addition, the system is able to customize configurations to particular applications, respond to application phases, and provide near optimal cost for QoS targets.
Chemoradiotherapy-Induced Upregulation of PD-1 Antagonizes Immunity to HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer (2014)

While viral antigens in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (HPVOPC) are attractive targets for immunotherapy, the effects of existing standard-of-care therapies on immune responses to HPV are poorly understood. We serially sampled blood from patients with stage III-IV oropharyngeal cancer undergoing concomitant chemoradiotherapy with or without induction chemotherapy. Circulating immunocytes including CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were profiled by flow cytometry. Antigen-specific T-cell responses were measured in response to HPV16 E6 and E7 peptide pools. The role of PD-1 signaling in treatment-related immunosuppression was functionally defined by performing HPV-specific T-cell assays in the presence of blocking antibody. While HPV-specific T-cell responses were present in 13 of 18 patients before treatment, 10 of 13 patients lost these responses within 3 months after chemoradiotherapy. Chemoradiotherapy decreased circulating T cells and markedly elevated MDSCs. PD-1 expression on CD4(+) T cells increased by nearly 2.5-fold after chemoradiotherapy, and ex vivo culture with PD-1-blocking antibody enhanced HPV-specific T-cell responses in 8 of 18 samples tested. Chemoradiotherapy suppresses circulating immune responses in patients with HPVOPC by unfavorably altering effector:suppressor immunocyte ratios and upregulating PD-1 expression on CD4(+) T cells. These data strongly support testing of PD-1-blocking agents in combination with standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy for HPVOPC.
Functional Identification of the Plasmodium Centromere and Generation of a Plasmodium Artificial Chromosome (2010)

The artificial chromosome represents a useful tool for gene transfer, both as cloning vectors and in chromosome biology research. To generate a Plasmodium artificial chromosome (PAC), we had to first functionally identify and characterize the parasite's centromere. A putative centromere (pbcen5) was cloned from chromosome 5 of the rodent parasite P. berghei based on a Plasmodium gene-synteny map. Plasmids containing pbcen5 were stably maintained in parasites during a blood-stage infection with high segregation efficiency, without drug pressure. pbcen5-containing plasmids were also stably maintained during parasite meiosis and mitosis in the mosquito. A linear PAC (L-PAC) was generated by integrating pbcen5 and telomere into a plasmid. The L-PAC segregated with a high efficiency and was stably maintained throughout the parasite's life cycle, as either one or two copies. These results suggest that L-PAC behaves like a Plasmodium chromosome, which can be exploited as an experimental research tool.
Exceptionally Active Single‐Site Nanocluster Multifunctional Catalysts for Cascade Reactions (2010)

Cluster's last stand: Metal nanoparticles, which are well known for their catalytic properties, contain 103–106 atoms in each particle, giving rise to a continuous band of electronic energy levels. As a result, they are very different electronically from metal nanoclusters composed of aggregates of approximately 3–20 atoms. Such nanoclusters themselves exhibit remarkable catalytic performances in hydrogenation and ammoxidation cascade reactions.
Monte Carlo patient study on the comparison of prompt gamma and PET imaging for range verification in proton therapy (2011)

The purpose of this work was to compare the clinical adaptation of prompt gamma (PG) imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) as independent tools for non-invasive proton beam range verification and treatment validation. The PG range correlation and its differences with PET have been modeled for the first time in a highly heterogeneous tissue environment, using different field sizes and configurations. Four patients with different tumor locations (head and neck, prostate, spine and abdomen) were chosen to compare the site-specific behaviors of the PG and PET images, using both passive scattered and pencil beam fields. Accurate reconstruction of dose, PG and PET distributions was achieved by using the planning computed tomography (CT) image in a validated GEANT4-based Monte Carlo code capable of modeling the treatment nozzle and patient anatomy in detail. The physical and biological washout phenomenon and decay half-lives for PET activity for the most abundant isotopes such as (11)C, (15)O, (13)N, (30)P and (38)K were taken into account in the data analysis. The attenuation of the gamma signal after traversing the patient geometry and respective detection efficiencies were estimated for both methods to ensure proper comparison. The projected dose, PG and PET profiles along many lines in the beam direction were analyzed to investigate the correlation consistency across the beam width. For all subjects, the PG method showed on average approximately 10 times higher gamma production rates than the PET method before, and 60 to 80 times higher production after including the washout correction and acquisition time delay. This rate strongly depended on tissue density and elemental composition. For broad passive scattered fields, it was demonstrated that large differences exist between PG and PET signal falloff positions and the correlation with the dose distribution for different lines in the beam direction. These variations also depended on the treatment site and the particular subject. Thus, similar to PET, direct range verification with PG in passive scattering is not easily viable. However, upon development of an optimized 3D PG detector, indirect range verification by comparing measured and simulated PG distributions (currently being explored for the PET method) would be more beneficial because it can avoid the inherent biological challenges of the PET imaging. The improved correlation of PG and PET with dose when using pencil beams was evident. PG imaging was found to be potentially advantageous especially for small tumors in the presence of high tissue heterogeneities. Including the effects of detector acceptance and efficiency may hold PET superior in terms of the amplitude of the detected signal (depending on the future development of PG detection technology), but the ability to perform online measurements and avoid signal disintegration (due to washout) with PG are important factors that can outweigh the benefits of higher detection sensitivity.