gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Column Thalamocortical Network Model Exhibiting Gamma Oscillations, Sleep Spindles, and Epileptogenic Bursts (2004)

To better understand population phenomena in thalamocortical neuronal ensembles, we have constructed a preliminary network model with 3,560 multicompartment neurons (containing soma, branching dendrites, and a portion of axon). Types of neurons included superficial pyramids (with regular spiking [RS] and fast rhythmic bursting [FRB] firing behaviors); RS spiny stellates; fast spiking (FS) interneurons, with basket-type and axoaxonic types of connectivity, and located in superficial and deep cortical layers; low threshold spiking (LTS) interneurons, which contacted principal cell dendrites; deep pyramids, which could have RS or intrinsic bursting (IB) firing behaviors, and endowed either with nontufted apical dendrites or with long tufted apical dendrites; thalamocortical relay (TCR) cells; and nucleus reticularis (nRT) cells. To the extent possible, both electrophysiology and synaptic connectivity were based on published data, although many arbitrary choices were necessary. In addition to synaptic connectivity (by AMPA/kainate, NMDA, and GABA(A) receptors), we also included electrical coupling between dendrites of interneurons, nRT cells, and TCR cells, and--in various combinations--electrical coupling between the proximal axons of certain cortical principal neurons. Our network model replicates several observed population phenomena, including 1) persistent gamma oscillations; 2) thalamocortical sleep spindles; 3) series of synchronized population bursts, resembling electrographic seizures; 4) isolated double population bursts with superimposed very fast oscillations (>100 Hz, "VFO"); 5) spike-wave, polyspike-wave, and fast runs (about 10 Hz). We show that epileptiform bursts, including double and multiple bursts, containing VFO occur in rat auditory cortex in vitro, in the presence of kainate, when both GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors are blocked. Electrical coupling between axons appears necessary (as reported previously) for persistent gamma and additionally plays a role in the detailed shaping of epileptogenic events. The degree of recurrent synaptic excitation between spiny stellate cells, and their tendency to fire throughout multiple bursts, also appears critical in shaping epileptogenic events.
Laser-induced fluorescence of atomic hydrogen in an arcjet thruster (1992)

A diagnostic has been developed to measure gas kinetic temperature and velocity in a 1 kW hydrogen fueled arcjet thruster. The technique is based on laser-induced fluorescence of the Balmer alpha transition (656 nm) in atomic hydrogen. A narrowband CW ring dye laser scans the excitation spectrum, permitting accurate determination of the atomic line shape and position. The velocity is inferred from the Doppler shift of the transition while the temperature is obtained from the shape. Near the exit plane, measured axial velocity varies between 4 and 14 km/s; measured radial velocity varies from 0 to 4 km/s. Temperatures were measured in the range from 1000 K near the edge of the plume to 5000 K at the centerline. Relevant broadening mechanisms are discussed.
Treatment of Tourette's Syndrome with Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): A Randomized Crossover Trial (2002)

Anecdotal reports in Tourette's syndrome (TS) have suggested that marijuana (cannabis sativa) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC), the major psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, reduce tics and associated behavioral disorders. We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover single-dose trial of Delta(9)-THC (5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 mg) in 12 adult TS patients. Tic severity was assessed using a self-rating scale (Tourette's syndrome Symptom List, TSSL) and examiner ratings (Shapiro Tourette's syndrome Severity Scale, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, Tourette's syndrome Global Scale). Using the TSSL, patients also rated the severity of associated behavioral disorders. Clinical changes were correlated to maximum plasma levels of THC and its metabolites 11-hydroxy-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH). Using the TSSL, there was a significant improvement of tics (p=0.015) and obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCB) (p = 0.041) after treatment with Delta(9)-THC compared to placebo. Examiner ratings demonstrated a significant difference for the subscore "complex motor tics" (p = 0.015) and a trend towards a significant improvement for the subscores "motor tics" (p = 0.065), "simple motor tics" (p = 0.093), and "vocal tics" (p = 0.093). No serious adverse reactions occurred. Five patients experienced mild, transient side effects. There was a significant correlation between tic improvement and maximum 11-OH-THC plasma concentration. Results obtained from this pilot study suggest that a single-dose treatment with Delta(9)-THC is effective and safe in treating tics and OCB in TS. It can be speculated that clinical effects may be caused by 11-OH-THC. A more long-term study is required to confirm these results.
End-to-End Streaming Keyword Spotting (2018)

We present a system for keyword spotting that, except for a frontend component for feature generation, it is entirely contained in a deep neural network (DNN) model trained "end-to-end" to predict the presence of the keyword in a stream of audio. The main contributions of this work are, first, an efficient memoized neural network topology that aims at making better use of the parameters and associated computations in the DNN by holding a memory of previous activations distributed over the depth of the DNN. The second contribution is a method to train the DNN, end-to-end, to produce the keyword spotting score. This system significantly outperforms previous approaches both in terms of quality of detection as well as size and computation.
Multi-Stage Classification (2006)

While much research has focused on methods for evaluating and maximizing the accuracy of classifiers either individually or in ensembles, little effort has been devoted to analyzing how classifiers are typically deployed in practice. In many domains, classifiers are used as part of a multi-stage process that increases accuracy at the expense of more data collection and/or more processing resources as the likelihood of a positive class label increases. This paper systematically explores the tradeoffs inherent in constructing these multi-stage classifiers from a series of increasingly accurate and expensive individual classifiers, considering a variety of metrics such as accuracy, cost/benefit ratio, and lift. It suggests architectures appropriate for both independent instances and for highly linked data.
Mast cell stabilization and anti-histamine effects of olopatadine ophthalmic solution: a review of pre-clinical and clinical research (2005)

Peer-reviewed literature suggests that olopatadine is clinically superior to the other anti-allergic molecules because of its strong anti-histaminic qualities and its unique ocular mast cell stabilizing properties.
Crystal structure of a symbiosis-related lectin from octocoral (2015)

D-Galactose-binding lectin from the octocoral, Sinularia lochmodes (SLL-2), distributes densely on the cell surface of microalgae, Symbiodinium sp., an endosymbiotic dinoflagellate of the coral, and is also shown to be a chemical cue that transforms dinoflagellate into a non-motile (coccoid) symbiotic state. SLL-2 binds with high affinity to the Forssman antigen (N-acetylgalactosamine(GalNAc)α1-3GalNAcβ1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc-ceramide), and the presence of Forssman antigen-like sugar on the surface of Symbiodinium CS-156 cells was previously confirmed. Here we report the crystal structures of SLL-2 and its GalNAc complex as the first crystal structures of a lectin involved in the symbiosis between coral and dinoflagellate. N-Linked sugar chains and a galactose derivative binding site common to H-type lectins were observed in each monomer of the hexameric SLL-2 crystal structure. In addition, unique sugar-binding site-like regions were identified at the top and bottom of the hexameric SLL-2 structure. These structural features suggest a possible binding mode between SLL-2 and Forssman antigen-like pentasaccharide.
Recovery of Murine Leukemia Virus from Large Volumes of Freshly Harvested Culture Fluids by Using a Single Density Gradient (1975)

Concentration and purification of murine leukemia virus for use as complement fixation antigens was accomplished by using a single density gradient in the model RK ultracentrifuge.
The crystallization kinetics of filled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1993)

Abstract The crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) was measured under isothermal conditions by DSC in the presence of various fillers and with varying filler concentrations. The fillers used were carbon, titanium dioxide, glass fiber, and calcium carbonate. The kinetics was calculated using the slope of the crystallization vs. time plot, the times for 10% and 50% reduced crystallization, and the Avrami equation. Activation energies were determined from measurements under different isothermal temperatures. The fillers caused athermal nucleation to be inhibited as shown by the increased values of the Avrami exponent, n . Interactions between the polyester and filler were interpreted to reduce the mobility of the polymer in the melt. This decreased the rate of crystallization and increased its activation energy. The order of the filler effect in reducing crystallization was the following: no filler < carbon < titanium dioxide < glass fiber < calcium carbonate. The concentrations of filler were above those typically used for nucleation and more in the range expected for reinforcement or dilution of the polymer. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel pair of inducible expression vectors for use in Methylobacterium extorquens (2013)

We have developed two novel expression systems for use in M. extorquens. The expression range of these vectors should allow for increased ability to explore cellular physiology in M. extorquens. Further, the P(R/tetO) promoter is capable of producing conditional null phenotypes, previously unattainable in M. extorquens. As both expression systems rely on the use of membrane permeable inducers, we suspect these expression vectors will be useful for ectopic gene expression in numerous proteobacteria.
Steady‐State Pharmacokinetics of Topiramate and Carbamazepine in Patients with Epilepsy During Monotherapy and Concomitant Therapy (1996)

When CBZ is reduced or discontinued, TPM doses may need to be lowered to maintain equivalent plasma concentrations. Adjusting the CBZ dose for pharmacokinetic reasons when TPM is administered as adjunctive treatment does not appear to be necessary.
Antimicrobial activity of <i>Mahonia aquifolium</i> crude extract and its major isolated alkaloids (2004)

The crude extract of Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. stem bark and its two main protoberberine alkaloids, berberine and jatrorrhizine, were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Twenty strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci and 20 strains of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from skin lesions of patients with a severe form of acne, and 20 strains of Candida sp. isolated from chronic vulvovaginal candidoses were tested for their susceptibility to crude extract and two isolated alkaloids. The minimum inhibitory concentrations obtained in this study illustrate the varying degrees of antibacterial and antifungal activity of the tested agents. The results indicate a rational basis for the traditional use of Mahonia aquifolium for localized skin and mucosal infection therapy, as well as for the possible development of a preparation for supportive therapy of the diseases mentioned above.
Treatment Response Evaluation Using 18F-FDOPA PET in Patients with Recurrent Malignant Glioma on Bevacizumab Therapy (2014)

(18)F-FDOPA PET identifies treatment responders to antiangiogenic therapy as early as two weeks after treatment initiation.
A solution for provisioning reliable M2M infrastructures using SDN and device management (2015)

The current trend of running software components on top of virtual machines in cloud platforms is gaining more momentum as it reduces the deployment time and operational costs in comparison to running them on dedicated hardware. By providing elasticity through orchestration, this approach brings even more value taking advantage of the resources on peak times and saving energy when the load is not significant. However, such an approach brings some challenges due to the dynamic instantiation of new service components: it is necessary to always announce clients changes in the backend infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a solution for dynamically communicating parameters provisioning between M2M endpoints using a device management protocol. Two device management protocols were compared and OMA LWM2M was chosen for its energy efficiency. The proposed solution is based on the OpenMTC toolkit and enables safe and reliable communication establishment from one M2M endpoint to another one elastically deployed in the cloud.
Orthomode Transducer and Dual-Polarized Horn Antenna in Substrate Integrated Technology (2014)

A dual-polarized system fully implemented in substrate integrated technology is presented. It comprises an orthomode transducer (OMT) with planar excitation schemes for both orthogonal TE10- and TE01-modes and a dual-polarized horn antenna. The whole structure requires only two layers of substrate, and it is based on the extended substrate integrated waveguide (ESIW), which allows the propagation of TEm0- and TE0n-modes. A compact OMT design is proposed along with a procedure to optimize it. The matching and radiation characteristics of a dual-polarized horn antenna fed with this OMT are also studied. The complete structure was manufactured exhibiting an 8.6% bandwidth (13.9-15.15 GHz) where both modes are well matched ( <; -10 dB ) and isolated ( > 28 dB). The horn radiation patterns within the frequency range of operation are also similar for both polarizations. The proposed design demonstrates the feasibility of dual-polarized substrate integrated circuits (SICs). This opens the door to new substrate integrated devices as well as to the use of SICs in applications requiring polarization diversity at end-fire. All together, this combined design becomes a promising approach to tackle the increasing demand for capacity in modern communication systems.
Assay of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2, -4, and -7 in Human Demineralized Bone Matrix (2006)

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a widely used bone graft material that derives its osteoinductive potential from matrix-associated bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Prior investigations have shown that the osteoinductive potential can vary widely, with influence from both donor and processing sources. Although it is plausible that donor variance in the BMP profile can be an important consideration, the few published studies available have given inconsistent and incomplete information about this. The goal was to (1) characterize the variance of BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7 in fully demineralized DBM derived from 20 appropriately screened (Food and Drug Administration and the American Association of Tissue Banks criteria) donors (male and female, 17-65 years) and (2) using literature review, infer the potential for this to be an important source of variability in graft function. BMPs were extracted with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride, and levels of BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Measured levels were as follows: BMP-2 = 21.4 +/- 12.0 ng/g DBM, BMP-4 = 5.45 +/- 2.04 ng/g DBM, and BMP-7 = 84.1 +/- 34.4 ng/g DBM, which were significantly different (P < 0.05). There was a positive linear correlation between BMP-2 and BMP-7 (P = 0.0227). DBM derived from female donors had significantly greater concentrations of BMP-2 and BMP-7 than did that derived from male donors (P = 0.0257 and 0.0245, respectively). There was no significant correlation between donor age and the levels of any of the measured BMPs. The magnitude of variance of BMP profile appears to reasonably well correspond to the variance in osteoinductive potential cited by others, suggesting the possibility of using this as a method of donor screening.
Treatment of Refractory Prurigo Nodularis With Lenalidomide (2012)

Prurigo nodularis is an intensely pruritic disorder in which chronic scratching and rubbing lead to the formation of eroded and excoriated skin nodules that may become generalized. Therapy for prurigo nodularis is notoriously difficult, and relief of pruritus and clearing of the skin lesions is exceedingly difficult to achieve.
Effects of Spin Multiplicity on Structure of Chromium Molecule (2010)

Different spin multiple states of chromium molecule are optimized by using two kinds of hybrid density functional methods in the Gaussian 03. The total energy, the equilibrium bond length and the harmonic vibration frequency of corresponding molecular structures are calculated, and the ground state of chromium molecule is determined. Considering spin multiplicity, the ground state of chromium molecule is an 11-multiple state. Calculated results indicate that the spin polarization exists in the chromium molecule, and the effects of spin multiplicity on structure of chromium molecule are distinct, especially for the harmonic vibration frequency. The natural bond orbital analysis (NBOA) shows that there are 10 parallel spin electrons in chromium molecule which occupies 3d spatial orbital. This is consistent with that the ground state of Cr2 is an 11-multiple state.
Basic Biological Sciences Isolation and Growth of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells in vitro (1985)

The periodontal ligaments from single human teeth were dissected free of the root surface and plated into culture dishes. In each case two populations of cells were obtained: fibroblasts and epithelial cells. These two populations were separated and grown in culture. The epithelial nature of the epithelioid-appearing cells was confirmed by staining for keratin, exclusively an epithelial cell protein.
THE EFFECTS OF EMOTIONS ON VOICE QUALITY (1999)

Two studies are presented, in which emotional vocal recordings were made using a computer emotion induction task and an imagination technique. Concurrent recordings were made of a variety of physiological parameters, including electroglottograph, respiration, electrocardiogram, and surface electromyogram (muscle tension). Acoustic parameters pertaining to voice quality, including F0 floor, F0 range, jitter and spectral energy distribution were analysed and compared to the physiological parameters. The range of parameters was also statistically compared across different emotions. Although methodological problems still hamper such research, the combined analysis of physiological and acoustic parameters across emotional speaker states promises a clearer interpretation of the effects of emotion on voice quality.
Us and Them : Scientists' and Animal Rights Campaigners' Views of the Animal Experimentation Debate (1995)

Abstract Animal rights campaigners and scientists working with animals completed anonymous questionnaires in which they were asked to report, not only on their own beliefs and ideas about the animal experimentation debate, but also on those they perceived the opposing group to hold. Both groups of participants tended to have a negative and somewhat extreme view of the other. But they did have an accurate grasp of the arguments and defenses commonly offered on both sides of the debate, and showed some agreement concerning the relative capacity of different animals to suffer. Differences appeared in the level of the phylogenetic hierarchy at which participants thought animals might be capable of suffering, and in their decision-making processes regarding the admissibility of animal experiments.
Passive interferometry of deepwater ocean bottom seismic data (2011)

Microseismic monitoring can be either carried from the surface or borehole. While noise levels in the borehole are usually much lower than on the surface (typically by a factor of 10), we show that the signal amplitude at the earth’s surface is also larger due to a free surface boundary condition (simultaneous observation of both direct and reflected waves) and impedance contrasts at the low-impedance near surface layers. Thus a comparison of detectability of microseismic events between surface and downhole monitoring systems needs to take into consideration amplitude gains in near surface layers. We show a typical example of such gains on a vertical geophone array where the amplitude of the direct P-wave increases by more than a factor of 3 from a 150 m deep geophone to a geophone at the earth’s surface. Considering this amplitude gain one can calculate a theoretical detectability between surface and downhole monitoring arrays and we show that surface and downhole monitoring arrays can have approximately similar detectability at distances of a few hundred meters from a monitoring borehole, and that a surface array detects significantly more events at distances beyond 500 meters from a monitoring borehole.
Mode-dependent attenuation of optical fibers: excess loss (1976)

A theory is presented for calculating the excess loss produced by random perturbations of optical fibers. The theory is applicable to perturbations whose longitudinal spatial frequencies are below the range required for mode coupling. To illustrate the method, losses due to diameter variations are calculated for the case of a step-index optical fiber. The diameter variations are found to produce a strong attenuation of the higher order modes. The total excess loss is approximately wavelength independent.
Enterprise Risk Management (2014)

The authors investigate strategic measures companies adopt to combat and manage risks in order to survive and grow in an unstable economic environment. Based on in-depth interviews with senior staff from six Hong Kong-based successful enterprises in the textile and clothing industry, they find that companies have adopted various enterprise-wide, holistic, and integrative approaches to effectively address and manage risks. Also found was that the use of a formal approach to manage risks by a company at a different stage of the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) maturity continuum is affected by its size, scope of operations, and legal structure. The findings from this study enhance the understanding of the relationship between organization structure and risk management.
Deaths: leading causes for 2003. (2007)

In 2003, the 10 leading causes of death were (in rank order): Diseases of heart; Malignant neoplasms; Cerebrovascular diseases; Chronic lower respiratory diseases; Accidents (unintentional injuries); Diabetes mellitus; Influenza and pneumonia; Alzheimer's disease; Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis; and Septicemia and accounted for about 78 percent of all deaths occurring in the United States. Differences in the ranking are evident by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Leading causes of infant death for 2003 were (in rank order): Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities; Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified; Sudden infant death syndrome; Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy; Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes; Accidents (unintentional injuries); Respiratory distress of newborn; Bacterial sepsis of newborn; Neonatal hemorrhage; and Diseases of the circulatory system. Important variation in the leading causes of infant death is noted for the neonatal and postneonatal periods.
Dimere Naphthochinone, VIII. Synthese 3,3′‐dihydroxylierter 2,2′‐Bi‐1,4‐naphthochinone (1983)

Abstract Zur Synthese 3,3′‐dihydroxylierter 2,2′‐Bi‐1,4‐naphthochinone oder ihrer Dimethylether ist die Phenoloxidation entsprechender Naphthole nicht geeignet. Die Titelverbindungen sind jedoch durch Hydroxylierung von 3,3′‐unsubstituierten 2,2′‐Binaphthochinonen oder durch Halogen Hydroxy‐Austausch leicht zugänglich.