gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multicolor organic electroluminescent device utilizing vapor-deposited fluorescent dye films (1997)

Multicolor-emitting organic electroluminescent (EL) diodes have been realized utilizing a vapor-deposited multilayer structure. Two types of layer structure have been employed to realize multicolor emission. One type has a three-layer structure (Type I) to emit two different colors; the other type has five layers (Type II) to emit three different colors. The Type I devices contain 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene (PPCP), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq/sub 3/), or N,N'-bis(2,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-3,4,9,10-perylene dicarboximide (BPPC) as blue, green, or red light-emitting layers, respectively, and N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD) as carrier blocking layer. The emission colors are changed by applying opposite polarity of electric field in the Type I devices, and, in the Type II devices, by applying different strength and polarity of electric field. The mechanism of the emission color change is discussed by the carrier injection mechanism and recombination process in the multilayer devices.
High-oleic rapeseed (canola) and flaxseed oils modulate serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers in hypercholesterolaemic subjects (2010)

Recently, novel dietary oils with modified fatty acid profiles have been manufactured to improve fatty acid intakes and reduce CVD risk. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of novel high-oleic rapeseed (canola) oil (HOCO), alone or blended with flaxseed oil (FXCO), on circulating lipids and inflammatory biomarkers v. a typical Western diet (WD). Using a randomised, controlled, crossover trial, thirty-six hypercholesterolaemic subjects consumed three isoenergetic diets for 28 d each containing approximately 36% energy from fat, of which 70% was provided by HOCO, FXCO or WD. Dietary fat content of SFA, MUFA, PUFA n-6 and n-3 was 6, 23, 5, 1% energy for HOCO; 6, 16, 5, 7·5% energy for FXCO; 11·5, 16, 6, 0·5% energy for WD. After 28 d, compared with WD, LDL-cholesterol was reduced 15·1% (P < 0·001) with FXCO and 7·4% (P < 0·001) with HOCO. Total cholesterol (TC) was reduced 11% (P < 0·001) with FXCO and 3·5% (P = 0·002) with HOCO compared with WD. Endpoint TC differed between FXCO and HOCO (P < 0·05). FXCO consumption reduced HDL-cholesterol by 8·5% (P < 0·001) and LDL:HDL ratio by 7·5% (P = 0·008) v. WD. FXCO significantly decreased E-selectin concentration compared with WD (P = 0·02). No differences were observed in inflammatory markers after the consumption of HOCO compared with WD. In conclusion, consumption of novel HOCO alone or when blended with flaxseed oil is cardioprotective through lipid-lowering effects. The incorporation of flaxseed oil may also target inflammation by reducing plasma E-selectin.
Do the recommended guidelines for physical activity impact percentage of body fat in normal-weight women? (2016)

Introduction: International exercise guidelines have been designed to prevent weight gain, and subsequently improve health, in adults. However, body mass is a proxy for assessing obesity, and fat distribution also plays an important role in metabolic and cardiovascular health. Given the importance of adiposity in obesity-related disease risk, it is imperative that prescribed exercise guidelines be relevant to preventing gains in both weight and fat mass. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of achieving recommended levels of physical activity (PA) on adiposity in normal-weight women with varying levels of percentage body fat (PBF). Methods: Anthropometric measures were performed in 107 women (age: 16-45 years; BMI: 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2). Air-displacement plethysmography assessed PBF. Tri-axial accelerometers, worn over 7 days, assessed moderate and vigorous PA. Independent t-tests compared PBF levels between participants who achieved recommended levels of PA and those who did not. Results: Achieving current PA recommendations (≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA) was associated with significantly lower PBF (27.4% ± 5.7 vs 30.3% ± 4.08; p=0.038). When PA was stratified, those achieving ≥300 min/week of moderate PA showed a trend towards lower PBF (p=0.076), while achieving ≥150 min/week of vigorous PA resulted in significantly lower PBF (24.5% ± 4.3 vs 28.3% ± 5.5; p=0.022). Discussion: Achieving current PA recommendations was associated with a moderate, but clinically relevant decrease in PBF. The findings suggest this association is strongest for vigorous activity. Conclusions: The findings suggest that while moderate-to-vigorous PA will help achieve lower levels of adiposity, an emphasis on vigorous PA may have the greatest impact on adiposity when prescribing exercise in normal-weight women.
Molecular Characterization of a Novel, Cadmium-inducible Gene from the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (2002)

Cadmium is an environmental contaminant that is both a human toxicant and carcinogen. To inhibit cadmium-induced damage, cells respond by increasing the expression of genes that encode stress-response proteins. We previously reported the identification of 48 cadmium-inducible mRNAs in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we describe a new cadmium-responsive gene, designated cdr-1, whose rate and level of inducible expression parallel those of the C. elegans metallothioneins. The CDR-1 mRNA contains an open reading frame of 831 bp and encodes a predicted 32-kDa, integral membrane protein. Following cadmium exposure, cdr-1 is transcribed exclusively in intestinal cells of post-embryonic C. elegans. In vivo, the CDR-1 protein is targeted specifically to the intestinal cell lysosomes. cdr-1 transcription is significantly induced by cadmium but not by other tested stressors. These results indicate that cdr-1 expression is regulated by cadmium and in a cell-specific fashion. Inhibition of CDR-1 expression renders C. elegans susceptible to cadmium toxicity. In conclusion, cdr-1 defines a new class of cadmium-inducible genes and encodes an integral membrane, lysosomal protein. This protein functions to protect against cadmium toxicity.
Tactical Means to Stow Super-Caliber Tailfins of a Developmental Flight-Controlled Mortar (2011)

Abstract : The active control systems being used in new smart munitions often require greater aerodynamic stability to properly operate. In the case of the Flight Controlled Mortar (FCM), this stability is provided by a set of super-caliber, spring-loaded, deployable fins that must be stowed prior to launch. For the testing and evaluation process, the FCM tail fins were secured using a single strand of thin Kevlar string. In an attempt to produce a more rugged tactical solution, research and development into alternative Fin Retention Devices (FRDs) was initiated at the start of the summer. After a thorough review of existing FRDs, I determined that a custom solution was needed to fulfill the needs of FCM. Using an iterative design process, concepts were modeled using SolidWorks, and physical prototypes were produced. Based on the analysis of these prototypes, further changes have been identified for ongoing revision. I believe that at the end of this project, a tactical FRD will be produced for testing and evaluation, and may one day be used for the FCM or similar systems employing folding fins.
VIOLAÇÃO DE DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS E AS MANIFESTAÇÕES DO PATRIARCADO NA LEGISLAÇÃO PENAL BRASILEIRA: o discurso que legitima a violência contra a mulher. (2021)

A presente pesquisa analisa a legislação brasileira desde as Ordenações Portuguesas, verificando que o fenômeno da violência contra a mulher tem um fator cultural, enraizado através de costumes patriarcais, dispostos historicamente na lei e absorvidos socialmente, que compreendem a mulher como ser subalterno. As manifestações do patriarcado na legislação brasileira são evidentes, por isso o estudo histórico da legislação brasileira é fundamental para entender o discurso que legitimam a mulher em posição de inferioridade e como reforçam uma cultura de violência de gênero feminino. O processo metodológico do artigo embasou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica, com fulcro na doutrina específica do tema, especialmente nas áreas do Direito, História, além de consultas em legislação vigente e revogada.
Guided-wave propagation between boreholes (1992)

Testing for the continuity of permeability barriers between wells in oil and gas fields is important for estimating reserves and planning production procedures. In thinly layered sedimentary reservoirs, conventional seismic techniques—such as reflection profiles, VSPs, and crosshole tomography—may not be wholly successful in determining continuity. In this paper, we suggest that seismic guided waves propagating parallel to the layering may be important for testing continuity between wells.
La représentation des familles dans le contexte funéraire : nouveaux documents nîmois (2011)

La mise au jour à Nîmes de deux stèles funéraires, de taille imposante, est l’occasion d’étudier des monuments sous l’angle de l’épigraphie et de la sculpture. L’une d’elles, fragmentée et récupérée de façon incomplète, peut être placée à l’époque julio-claudienne. L’autre, à laquelle ne manque que la partie supérieure, est intéressante par le développement que prend la représentation des défunts, en plusieurs registres superposés. On peut insérer ce monument dans l’ensemble de la documentation nîmoise, où elle prend place tout au début du IIe s. ap. J. ‑C. L’étude révèle un milieu bien intégré, correspondant aux classes urbaines aisées qui se trouvaient immédiatement au-dessous du monde des notables.
The Limnology of Canyon Ferry Reservoir (1958)

Phytoplankton and zooplankton standing crop, gross and net primary production were measured. From these data the daily rate of loss of phytoplankton from the euphotic zone was calculated. The phytoplankton loss correlated well with zooplankton during September and with vertical water movement during October. A grazing coefficient was calculated ( G = 1.064 L water/mg dry wt. zooplankton/day). By use of this coefficient the loss of phytoplankton by zooplankton grazing was calculated for the period of study and averaged 0.255 mg glucose/L/day. Zooplankton assimilation averaged 0.216 mg glucose/L/day, indicating a digestive efficiency of 85%. Gross and net primary production from September 6 to October 17 amounted to 137.2 and 114.0 g glucose/m 2 , respectively. Zooplankton assimilation was estimated to be 85% of net primary production. The ratio of zooplankton net production to zooplankton assimilation was 10.5%.
Basis for the Design of Anticandidal Agents from Studies of Peptide Utilization in <i>Candida albicans</i> (1976)

The growth of Candida albicans WD 18-4, a methionine and lysine double auxotroph, on a variety of methionine- and lysine-containing peptides was determined. This yeast does not excrete extracellular peptidases. Thus, the growth response to peptides containing the required amino acid is a measure of peptide transport. A variety of methionine-containing peptides such as Met-Met, Met-Met-Met, and Met-Met-Met-Met-Met are transported. Acylation of the N-terminus of transported peptides does not affect their transport, but derivitization of the C-terminus prevents peptide uptake. In contrast, all lysine-containing peptides tested, except Lys-Gly, were not growth substrates. The inability of a peptide to substitute for the requisite amino acid was not due to the absence of cellular peptidases or to toxicity of the nonutilized peptides. Several potentially toxic amino acids were carried into Candida as a component of transported peptides. This establishes the peptide transport system as a possible tool for the design of antibiotics for Candida albicans.
The Diurnal Secretory Characteristics of Individual Meibomian Glands (2009)

(1) A single MG is capable of secreting oil on demand over the course of a working day ( approximately 9 hours); (2) nasal MGs were the most likely to secrete upon demand over the course of day compared with the temporal and to a lesser degree the central MGs; and (3) secretory characteristics of individual MGs examined as a function of their location in the lower eyelid does not change diurnally.
Ultraviolet radiation from electrical discharges in water (1973)

Ultraviolet radiation is one of the principal forms of energy which is dissipated from an electrical discharge in water. For a stored capacitor energy of 1500 J, up to 28% or 420 J has been converted to uv radiation with a peak radiant power of 200 MW. Of the energy transferred to the plasma, 36% was converted to radiation. The efficiency of radiation was maximum for a length of the discharge channel of approximately 3.8 cm. Scaling rules are given.
UPS Outage-Mode Output Power Capacity Expansion Approach via Bi-directional Converter (2006)

An outage-mode output power capacity expansion approach of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS's) with full utilization of the existing components is proposed in this paper. The proposed UPS system consists of a bi-directional AC/DC converter and a voltage controlled inverter (VCI). When the utility is normal, the bi-directional converter acts a power factor correction (PFC) rectifier to let the line current with low harmonics and near unity power factor. On the other hand, when the utility fails the bi-directional AC/DC converter can also function as a current controlled inverter (CCI) and is connected in parallel to the VCI. With such instantaneous current sharing controller technique, the load current is equally shared by each inverter with fast response. When compared with conventional UPS's, the proposed built-in parallel technique possesses the advantages of low implementation cost, high power density, fast response, and precise current regulation. Finally, simulation results with different operation modes have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed UPS system.
Properties of Starches in Chinese Yam, Dioscorea oppsita Thunb. Irradiated with Proton Beam (2011)

The survival rate and thermal, crystal, and physicochemical properties of starches in chinese yam tubers irradiated to proton beam were determined. Survival rate was decreased with increased proton beam irradiation. Amylose content of D. opposita starches from different proton beam ranged from 13.2% to 17.8%. D. opposita starch at 5 Gy showed the highest <TEX>${\Delta}H_{gel}$</TEX> values (12.0 J/g) while D. opposita starch at 25 Gy showed the lowest values (10.1 J/g). Several parameters such as PKV (peak viscosity), HPV (Hot peak viscosity) and CPV (Cooling peak viscosity) decreased with the increase in irradiation dose. The degrees of crystallinity of the D. opposita starches at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Gy were 37.2, 38.3, 38.9, 39.2 and 39.9%, respectively. It might be deduced that proton beam irradiation causes changes of starch, especially at high dose irradiation.
The Interrelationships Among Filtration Surface Area, Blood Pressure, and Chronic Renal Disease (1992)

A primary role for the kidney in hypertension has long been recognized, but the pathogenetic interactions among renal hemodynamics, hormonal and hereditary factors, and dietary sodium intake remain ill defined. Reduction in the filtration surface area, whether acquired in the course of intrinsic renal disease or after surgical renal ablation, leads to systemic hypertension as well as to progressive renal insufficiency, sequellae made even more severe by dietary sodium excess. Moreover, hypertension and progressive renal disease occur in some individuals born with a solitary kidney, and occur almost invariably with more severe degrees of dysgenesis. Hypertension is also commonly observed in certain inbred rat strains in which the filtration surface area is congenitally deficient. Based on these and other lines of evidence reviewed herein, we postulate that a renal abnormality that contributes to essential hypertension in the general population is a reduced number of glomeruli and tubules, the consequences of which are limitations in the ability to excrete sodium and thus salt-sensitive hypertension. Furthermore, congenitally decreased filtration surface area may explain why only some, but not all, patients exposed to potentially injurious renal stimuli eventually manifest chronic nephropathy, and may also account for the susceptibility of subsets of type I and type II diabetics to develop overt glomerulopathy. Clinically, tests of renal reserve capacity may serve as a useful guide to identification of those patients at risk for the development of hypertension and progressive renal disease.
Compensation of nonlinearities in high-density magnetic recording channels (1994)

Volterra-series models of magnetic-saturation recording channels are used to derive readback structures that compensate for channel nonlinearities. These structures are based on a canceler of linear and nonlinear channel distortions, and can achieve significant improvement in terms of mean-square error and error probability. Proper operation of the canceler requires reliable preliminary decisions to be taken on the information symbols. These decisions are obtained by passing the received signal through a linear equalizer, then processing the equalized signal through a symbol-by-symbol detector or a Viterbi detector. By using the data obtained in [4] for magneto-resistive heads, it was found that symbol-by-symbol preliminary detection performs adequately. A Volterra model was also obtained experimentally for the recording channel generated by magneto-inductive heads that exhibit higher-order nonlinear effects. In order to recover data from this highly distorted channel the preliminary detection scheme needs a 4-state Viterbi detector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Digital Optical Transducers For Helicopter Flight Control Systems</title> (1983)

Two variations of each of three types of digital optical transducers have been developed to provide the technology base for a digital optical flight control system for US Army helicopters. The transducer types are rotary position, linear position, and differential hydraulic pressure and all are electrically passive at the transducer location. The development and test of these six transducers has led to the selection of a reflective, time delay multiplexed concept using a single interconnecting fiber for use on the Advanced Digital Optical Control System Flight Demonstrator Program (ADOCS FDP).
Large-Scale Analysis of B-Cell Epitopes on Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin – Implications for Cross-Reactivity of Neutralizing Antibodies (2014)

Influenza viruses continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Fast gene mutation on surface proteins of influenza virus result in increasing resistance to current vaccines and available antiviral drugs. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) represent targets for prophylactic and therapeutic treatments of influenza. We performed a systematic bioinformatics study of cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against influenza virus surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). This study utilized the available crystal structures of HA complexed with the antibodies for the analysis of tens of thousands of HA sequences. The detailed description of B-cell epitopes, measurement of epitope area similarity among different strains, and estimation of antibody neutralizing coverage provide insights into cross-reactivity status of existing nAbs against influenza virus. We have developed a method to assess the likely cross-reactivity potential of bnAbs for influenza strains, either newly emerged or existing. Our method catalogs influenza strains by a new concept named discontinuous peptide, and then provide assessment of cross-reactivity. Potentially cross-reactive strains are those that share 100% identity with experimentally verified neutralized strains. By cataloging influenza strains and their B-cell epitopes for known bnAbs, our method provides guidance for selection of representative strains for further experimental design. The knowledge of sequences, their B-cell epitopes, and differences between historical influenza strains, we enhance our preparedness and the ability to respond to the emerging pandemic threats.
Ultra-high-frequency techniques applied to mobile and fixed communication systems (1947)

The present paper outlines the communication techniques at present under development for ultra-high frequencies. The subjects discussed fall under the following headings:-(a) Valves.(b) Frequency control.(c) Modulation.(d) Power amplifiers and frequency multipliers.(e) Signal amplifiers.(f) Frequency changers.(g) Aerials.It is shown that from the great diversity of techniques available, a communication system can be designed to perform almost any desired function, so long as the distance from transmitter to receiver is less than the optical range. Examples of u.h.f. systems made and tested in Admiralty Signal Establishment are described. Particular attention is drawn to the fact that microwave sets can now be made with the same stability (measured in kc/s) as the average high-frequency set had before the war, and to the fact that microwave radio-telephone circuits can now be made with a signal/noise ratio of 80 db, the length of the circuit being the optical distance from transmitter to receiver.
The reliability of a linear analogue for evaluating pain (1976)

A linear analogue for rating pain with 10, 15 and 20 cm lines is significantly less variable than a 5 cm line (mean error of 15 cm line is 0-19%, 95% confidence limits for the group +/- 2% and an inood correlation between repeated ratins of a recalled pain distant in time. The variance of the rating is significantly less than the repeated rating of a random mark. The linear analogue rating of a constant pain stimulus is reproducible and changes in rating are likely to be real changes of opinion. Pethidine 150 mg intramuscularly had no significant effect, tested 30 minutes after the administration, on the accuracy or reproducibility of the analogue rating. A linear analogue seems a suitable method of recording the patient's opion of a severe pain such as that of labour.
Hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy prevents radiation-induced liver damage (2005)

For the first time it has been demonstrated that HGF-EGT would prevent liver from radiation-induced liver damage by preventing apoptosis and down-regulation of TGF-beta1.
Captopril as a Potential Inhibitor of Lung Tumor Growth and Metastasis (2008)

Lung cancer is the most common form of cancer in the world, and 90% of patients die from their disease. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are used widely as antihypertensive agents, and it has been suggested that they decrease the risk of some cancers, although available data are conflicting. Accordingly, we investigated the anticancer activity of the ACE inhibitor, captopril, in athymic mice injected with highly tumorigenic LNM35 human lung cells as xenografts. Using this model, we demonstrated that daily IP administration of captopril (2.8 mg/mouse) for 3 weeks resulted in a remarkable reduction of tumor growth (58%, P < 0.01) and lymph node metastasis (50%, P= 0.088). There were no undesirable effects of captopril treatment on animal behavior and body weight. In order to determine the mechanism by which captopril inhibited tumor growth, we investigated the impact of this drug on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that captopril treatment significantly reduced the number of proliferating cells (Ki-67) in the tumor samples but was not associated with inhibition of tumor angiogenesis (CD31). Using cell viability and fluorescent activated cell sorting analysis tests, we demonstrated that captopril inhibited the viability of LNM35 cells by inducing apoptosis, providing insight about the mechanisms underlying its antitumorigenic activities. In view of these experimental findings, we conclude that captopril could be a promising option for the treatment of lung cancer.