gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the antithrombotic effects of heparin and of low molecular weight heparins with increasing antifactor Xa/antifactor IIa ratio in the rabbit (1993)

This study compares the ability of unfractionated heparin (UH) and of three low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) to inhibit venous thrombosis growth in the rabbit. Logiparin (LHN-1), Fraxiparin (CY216) and CY222 were selected because they present very different antifactor Xa/antifactor IIa ratios: 1.7, 3.8 and 6.8 respectively. Heparins were delivered under continuous intravenous infusion for 4 h at increasing doses from 10 to 250 antifactor Xa U kg-1 h-1. The minimum dose providing the maximum inhibitory effect was 50 antifactor Xa U kg-1 h-1. On the basis of this system of units the four heparins were equipotent antithrombotic agents. Due to the highest antifactor Xa/antifactor IIa ratio, CY222 became the most potent antithrombotic agent when the doses were expressed in antithrombin units. Because UH is cleared faster than LMWHs at low dose regimen, the antifactor Xa steady state concentrations generated by the continuous infusion of any of the LMWHs were higher than those generated by UH. In addition the ex vivo antifactor Xa/antifactor IIa ratio of each of the LMWH was superior to the in vitro ratio. These results indicate that the antithrombotic activity of LMWH is not directly related to its subfraction catalysing thrombin inhibition.
Agrin and Perlecan Mediate Tumorigenic Processes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2014)

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer in the oral cavity, representing more than 90% of all oral cancers. The characterization of altered molecules in oral cancer is essential to understand molecular mechanisms underlying tumor progression as well as to contribute to cancer biomarker and therapeutic target discovery. Proteoglycans are key molecular effectors of cell surface and pericellular microenvironments, performing multiple functions in cancer. Two of the major basement membrane proteoglycans, agrin and perlecan, were investigated in this study regarding their role in oral cancer. Using real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), we showed that agrin and perlecan are highly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Interestingly, cell lines originated from distinct sites showed different expression of agrin and perlecan. Enzymatically targeting chondroitin sulfate modification by chondroitinase, oral squamous carcinoma cell line had a reduced ability to adhere to extracellular matrix proteins and increased sensibility to cisplatin. Additionally, knockdown of agrin and perlecan promoted a decrease on cell migration and adhesion, and on resistance of cells to cisplatin. Our study showed, for the first time, a negative regulation on oral cancer-associated events by either targeting chondroitin sulfate content or agrin and perlecan levels.
Properties of an idealized traveling-wave charge-coupled device (1972)

In order to ascertain the operating capabilities and drive requirements of the charge-coupled device (CCD), it has been analyzed as a sinusoidal traveling-wave device. From this model, it has been possible to show the drive requirements and the lower bound to power dissipated in the substrate of an operating CCD. Signal loss in the sinusoidal model is due solely to surface-state effects, and varies with the amount of charge being transported through the device. Signal attenuation in digital devices is significantly reduced by using ZERO's that carry at least 10 percent as much charge as the ONE's. Some numerical extracts from the calculations will help illustrate what one can expect from charge-coupled devices. These numbers apply to a CCD with a wavelength (bit length) of 72 µ and a channel width of 20 µ, being driven with a 10-V p-p sine wave at 10 MHz. The drive power, almost purely capacitative, is 27 µW/bit in the absence of a signal and 320 µW/bit carrying a charge of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> C. Due to the motion of this charge through the device, at least 2 µW/ active bit must be dissipated in the CCD substrate. Under these conditions, a uniform surface-state density of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> states/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .eV will cause signal attenuation of 1.5 percent per bit with an alternating series of ONE's and empty ZERO's. If the ZERO's carry 0.2 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> C, the signal attenuation drops to 1 percent per bit. The reactive power estimates described here are expected to accurately reflect actual device requirements, apart from parasitics. Surface-state attenuation, which is relatively insensitive to frequency, will be supplemented at high frequencies by diffusion-limited transfer.
Cytokine and Growth Factor Concentrations in Canine Autologous Conditioned Serum (2016)

IL-1ra concentrations in canine ACS were comparable to those published for people and horses and pro-inflammatory cytokines remained low in canine ACS.
Glucocorticoid inhibition of gene expression and proliferation of murine lymphoid cells in vitro. (1989)

Glucocorticoids inhibit the proliferation of murine T-lymphoma P1798 cells. P1798 cells do not die in the presence of dexamethasone, and the process of inhibition of proliferation is completely reversible. As cells cease to divide, expression of a number of genes is inhibited. Among these are genes the expression of which is regulated in some manner that is linked to cell proliferation. We have undertaken to study the mechanism whereby glucocorticoids inhibit the expression of genes in P1798 cells. Three model systems will be reviewed. In all cases, these appear to be examples of secondary regulation. Glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of transcription of the DNA encoding ribosomal RNA (rDNA) has been investigated in some detail. The data indicate that dexamethasone causes a decrease in the amount or activity of an RNA polymerase I transcription initiation factor. This factor exhibits a short biological half-life and the data are consistent with the hypothesis that glucocorticoids regulate the synthesis of this transcription factor. The gene encoding thymidine kinase appears to be regulated in a similar fashion. On this basis, we propose that glucocorticoids may have the general property of regulating the synthesis of certain transcription factors. Glucocorticoids also regulate the translation of a certain class of mRNAs, including those that encode ribosomal proteins. These are characterized by a low efficiency of translation in untreated cells. Upon exposure to dexamethasone, the translation of these mRNAs is disproportionately inhibited. We speculate that translation of the mRNAs encoding certain transcription factors may be regulated in a similar fashion. Specifically, we propose that transcription of certain proliferation-related genes may be dependent upon factors of short biological half-life. These are encoded by mRNAs that are poorly translated under optimal growth conditions. Any slight perturbation in translation efficiency, as caused by glucocorticoids, results in a disproportionate inhibition of synthesis of these hypothetical transcription factors. Transcription of a class of proliferation-related genes ceases as a result.
A Frame-Oriented Queueing Control Policy for Real- and Non-Real-Time Traffic in ATM Switches (1994)

The need to carry various real-time and non-real-time applications involving diverse traffic arrival pattern and a wide range of QoS requirements in ATM-based BISDN has spurred research activity on queueing control in ATM switches. Frame-oriented queueing policies have drawn much attention recently, which alleviates the high-speed processing requirement of the slot-oriented policies. In this paper, we propose a frame-oriented queueing control policy based on Golden-Ratio hashed slot assignment for real-time and non-real-time traffic in the output queue of ATM switches. The buffer is shared by the two types of traffic. The proposed policy updates the transmission schedule at every frame according to the buffer state instead of the arrival traffic pattern. The enqueueing priority assignment will also be updated at every frame or slot according to the transmission schedule of the current frame and the buffer state at the current frame or slot. Under the proposed policy, the minimum aggregate time-cumulative cell loss (subject to the system parameters) can always be guaranteed for any arrival traffic pattern. The system parameters need to be changed only when the traffic load and profile change (due to setup and tear-down of connections). To exploit the potential of the proposed policy, the performance of the theoretically optimal discipline R* is used to benchmark the performance of the proposed policy under a wide variety of cases.
Coal combustion: Nuclear resource or danger (1993)

Both the benefits and hazards of coal combustion are more far-reaching than are generally recognized. Technologies exist to remove, store, and generate energy from the radioactive isotopes released to the environment by coal combustion. When considering the nuclear consequences of coal combustion, policymakers should look at the data and recognize that the amount of uranium-235 alone dispersed by coal combustion is the equivalent of dozens of nuclear reactor fuel loadings. They should also recognize that the nuclear fuel potential of the fertile isotopes of thorium-232 and uranium-238, which can be converted in reactors to fissionable elements by breeding, yields a virtually unlimited source of nuclear energy that is frequently overlooked as a natural resource. In short, naturally occurring radioactive species released by coal combustion are accumulating in the environment along with minerals such as mercury, arsenic, silicon, calcium, chlorine, and lead, sodium, as well as metals such as aluminum, iron, lead, magnesium, titanium, boron, chromium, and others that are continually dispersed in millions of tons of coal combustion by-products. The potential benefits and threats of these released materials will someday be of such significance that they should not now be ignored.
Benzoyl Peroxide- and Photo-induced Reactions of Diethyl Mesoxalate in Cyclohexane and Toluene (1975)

Abstract Benzoyl peroxide-catalyzed reactions of diethyl mesoxalate in cyclohexane gave ethyl cyclohexylglyoxylate (I) as the main product, accompanied by smaller amounts of diethyl cyclohexylhydroxymalonate (II), ethyl 2-oxobutyrate (III), and diethyl ethylhydroxymalonate (IV), while similar reactions in toluene gave no ethyl phenyl-2-oxopropionate. The a-ketoesters (I) and (III) and the hydroxymalonates (II) and (IV) were considered to arise from β-cleavage and hydrogen atom-abstraction, respectively, of alkoxy radicals A, which take place with addition of cyclohexyl and ethyl radicals to ketonic carbon of diethyl mesoxalate. Irradiation of cyclohexane and toluene solutions of diethyl mesoxalate gave II and diethyl benzylhydroxymalonate (V), respectively, as main products.
Nitrogen heterocycles. Part 7. Some reactions of 2-anilinophthalimidine derivatives (1977)

2-Anilino-3-benzyl-3-hydroxyphthalimidine (1) gives, on treatment with acids under various conditions, the methoxy-derivative (2), 2-anilino-3-benzylidenephthalimidine (3), 2-(o-carbamoylphenyl)-3-phenylindole (7), and 11-phenylisoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-one (8). Compound (8) may be obtained also by pyrolytic rearrangement of (3). Pyrolysis of (1) affords 4-benzyl-3-phenylphthalizinium-3-olate (11), which can be transformed into a number of compounds, including the cycloadduct (12) with dimethyl but-2-ynedioate. Bromination of (3) gives 2-(p-bromoanilino)-3-benzylidenephthalimidine (5) and 3-bromo-2-(p-bromoanilino)-3-(α-bromobenzyl)-phthalimidine (16), which, by reaction with methanol or ethanol, affords the alkoxy-derivative [(17) or (18)]. Compounds (1) or (3), (5), (17), and (18) are converted by bases into the corresponding phthalazinones (19)–(22).
Fabrication of 5 nm Resolution Electrodes for Molecular Devices by Means of Electron Beam Lithography (1997)

Electron beam lithography is used to fabricate two-metal electrode tip-shaped structures. The distance between the tips is continuously controlled to be between 5 and 70 nm. The electron beam lithography process is robust and the tip separation is well controlled in the sense that the smallest distance between the tips is a consequence of the design and not a consequence of randomly distributed metal spots around the tip area. Interest in these structures is due to the fact that they can be used to fabricate rectifiers, working with single molecule, designed to exhibit semiconductor properties.
An investigation of glasses for capillary chromatography (1979)

Abstract An investigation was conducted of various glasses, other than soda lime or borosilicate, for use in glass capillary gas chromatography. The work has uncovered some unique chromatographic qualities in the use of potash soda lead and fused silica glasses as materials for making glass capillary columns. The fused silica proved to be an ideal material for capillary column construction, being inherently more inert than glass containing metal oxides. It has been shown that through the use of thin wall capillary tubing of high flexibility many of the mechanical problems associated with glass capillary columns, such as fragility and column straightening, can be avoided.
Mapping of the DNA locus D4S10 and the linked Huntington’s disease gene to 4p16→p15 (1986)

An anonymous DNA fragment (G8) detects two restriction fragment length polymorphic alleles (RFLPs) called D4S10 in HindIII-digested human genomic DNA. This segment had been assigned to chromosome 4 and shows close linkage to the Huntington's disease gene. With in situ hybridization, we mapped D4S10 to the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 4, localizing the Huntington's disease gene to bands 4p16----p15. This information may prove useful for the development of strategies to clone the Huntington's disease gene.
Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (2012)

Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Jansky-Bielchowsky disease) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the CLN2 gene. The authors report the clinical outcome and correlate with genotype in 12 Spanish patients with this disease. Psychomotor regression, epilepsy, and other clinical symptoms/signs were assessed. Age at onset of clinical symptoms ranged from 18 months to 3.7 years, and they included delayed speech and simple febrile seizures followed by epilepsy. Partial seizures and myoclonic jerks occurred at an earlier age (median 3.4 and 3.7 years, respectively) than ataxia and cognitive decline (median 4 years). Clinical regression was initiated by loss of sentences (median 3.7 years) followed by loss of walking ability and absence of language (median 4.5 years). Patients showed blindness and lost sitting ability at similar age (median 5 years). The authors report 4 novel mutations in the CLN2 gene. This study provides detailed information about the natural history of this disease.
Transition Control Strategy Between Standalone and Grid-Connected Operations of Voltage-Source Inverters (2012)

This paper proposes a smooth transition control strategy for voltage-source inverters between standalone (SA) and grid-connected (GC) modes of operation. In the GC mode, the amount of power exchanged with the utility grid is controlled by regulating the phase currents. In the SA mode, the load voltage is regulated by the inverter with its phase dictated by the inverter control. The transition between SA and GC operations that will ensure continuous power delivery to the load requires continuation in the phase of the system voltage. The proportional-integral, trapezoidal, sinusoidal, and staircase frequency variation techniques have been analyzed to find the best approach for minimizing the total harmonic distortion (THD). A smooth frequency variation technique has been developed, which provides lower THD on the voltage waveforms compared with the other techniques. The new algorithm has been implemented on a 5-kW single-phase utility interactive inverter having the SA operation capability. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed technique provides seamless transition between the inverter modes of operation with minimal distortion at the inverter output voltage.
Effect of N-acetylcysteine on antibiotic activity and bacterial growth in vitro (1977)

The antibiotic bacerial inactivity of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and its interaction with penicillin and aminocyclitol antibiotics was evaluated. NAC inhibited growth of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more susceptible than other microorgainsms tested. P. aeruginosa strains were inhibited synergistically by NAC and carbenicillin or ticarcillin. However, NAC antagonized the activity of gentamicin and tobramycin. These findings have implications for the combined clinical use of NAC and aerosolized antibiotics and are also important for the processing of sputum specimens in the microbiology laboratory.
Interleukin-4 Induces Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and Phosphorylation of Shc in Human Keratinocytes (1996)

Most cytokines stimulate the p21ras pathway, leading to MAP kinase activation. One exception is interleukin-4 (IL-4), which has been shown not to activate this pathway in hematopoietic cells. However, IL-4 acts on a broad range of cells, including keratinocytes, in which it induces IL-6 production. We report here that IL-4 stimulation of human keratinocytic cell lines or primary cultures activates MAP kinase. In these cells, IL-4 stimulation induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of p42/44 MAP kinase as well as its catalytic activity. We also observed an increased phosphorylation of p46shc, an SH2-containing protein involved in the Ras pathway, as a result of IL-4 stimulation in human keratinocytic cell lines but not in T lymphocytes.
Functional characterization of a novel benzylisoquinoline <i>O</i>‐methyltransferase suggests its involvement in papaverine biosynthesis in opium poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L) (2009)

The benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are a highly diverse group of about 2500 compounds which accumulate in a species-specific manner. Despite the numerous compounds which could be identified, the biosynthetic pathways and the participating enzymes or cDNAs could be characterized only for a few selected members, whereas the biosynthesis of the majority of the compounds is still largely unknown. In an attempt to characterize additional biosynthetic steps at the molecular level, integration of alkaloid and transcript profiling across Papaver species was performed. This analysis showed high expression of an expressed sequence tag (EST) of unknown function only in Papaver somniferum varieties. After full-length cloning of the open reading frame and sequence analysis, this EST could be classified as a member of the class II type O-methyltransferase protein family. It was related to O-methyltransferases from benzylisoquinoline biosynthesis, and the amino acid sequence showed 68% identical residues to norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase. However, rather than methylating norcoclaurine, the recombinant protein methylated norreticuline at position seven with a K(m) of 44 mum using S-adenosyl-l-methionine as a cofactor. Of all substrates tested, only norreticuline was converted. Even minor changes in the benzylisoquinoline backbone were not tolerated by the enzyme. Accordingly, the enzyme was named norreticuline 7-O-methyltransferase (N7OMT). This enzyme represents a novel O-methyltransferase in benzylisoquinoline metabolism. Expression analysis showed slightly increased expression of N7OMT in P. somniferum varieties containing papaverine, suggesting its involvement in the partially unknown biosynthesis of this pharmaceutically important compound.
DFB semiconductor lasers based on reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technology (2007)

A distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser with equivalent phase shifts and chirps is proposed for the first time to our knowledge and is investigated numerically. As an example, it is shown that the desired lambda/4 phase shift in a phase-shifted laser can be obtained equivalently by a specially designed sampling structure instead of an actual phase shift, while the external characteristics are unchanged. This novel DFB structure is advantageous in that it can be fabricated by standard holographic technology. Hence, the proposed scheme is expected to provide a low-cost method for fabricating a high-performance DFB semiconductor laser with complex structures.
Nomads of the Wind: A Natural History of Polynesia (Review) (1994)

Peter Crawford, <em>Nomads of the Wind: A Natural History of Polynesia</em>. BBC Books. 1993. BBC Enterprises Limited, Woodlands, 80 Wood Lane, London W 12 OTT. Hardcover, 264 pages; Glossary, bibliography and index . 136 color plates plus several early etchings, maps. Quality production. ISBN 0563 36707 5. £18.99.
Thermolyse des 2,5‐Bis(methylthio)‐4,4‐diphenyl‐4 <i>H</i> ‐imidazols (1973)

Die Thermolyse von 2,5-Bis(methylthio)-4,4-diphenyl-4H-imidazol (1a) liefert 2-Methylthio-4,5-diphenylimidazol (2a) und/oder 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexaphenyltriimidazo[1,2-a : 1′,2′-c : 1″,2″-e][1,3,5]triazin (3). Die thermische Umwandlung von 1a in 2a unterscheidet sich von der früher beschriebenen, durch Friedel-Crafts-Katalysatoren ausgelösten Variante der gleichen Reaktion. Thermally Induced Reactions of Imidazole Derivatives, I. Thermolysis of 2,5-Bis(methylthio)-4,4-diphenyl-4H-imidazole Thermolysis of 2,5-bis(methylthio)-4,4-diphenyl-4H-imidazole (1a) gives 2-methylthio-4,5-diphenylimidazole (2a) and/or 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexaphenyltriimidazo[1,2-a : 1′,2′-c : 1″,2″-e]-[1,3,5]triazine (3). The thermally induced transformation of 1a into 2a differs from the earlier described version of the same reaction which is brought about by Friedel-Crafts type catalysts.
Integrated GPS LAAS/Inertial Guidance System Using Multiple Kalman Filters (1999)

In current air transport aircraft the integration of inertial
signals with (ILS or LAAS) guidance signals and radar
altitude is performed in complementary filters. This
paper investigates an alternative integration
technique, where the LAAS broadcast differential
information is tightly integrated with inertial signals by
means of multiple Kalman filters. In this mechanization
the main filter provides the guidance signal and the
sub–filters are used to propagate integrity information
with regard to the LAAS signal in space. The paper
discusses the benefits and performance
improvements of this type of integration. It is
specifically shown that the continuity risk associated
with a satellite failure or a temporary drop of a satellite
can be reduced. The paper also quantifies the
capability to complete a precision approach or a CAT III
B roll out within required bounds in a situation where
the LAAS broadcast or GPS signals are suddenly lost.
Primary Tumor Response to Preoperative Chemoradiation With or Without Oxaliplatin in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Pathologic Results of the STAR-01 Randomized Phase III Trial (2011)

Adding oxaliplatin to fluorouracil-based preoperative chemoradiotherapy significantly increases toxicity without affecting primary tumor response. Longer follow-up is needed to assess the impact on efficacy end points.