gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of pH on Bacillus thermoamylovorans Growth and Glucose Fermentation (1995)

The effect of pH on the growth and physiology of Bacillus thermoamylovorans, a new moderately thermophilic and non-spore-forming bacterium isolated from palm wine, was studied. Growth occurred from pH 5.4 to 8.5, with optimum growth at 7.0. During the exponential growth phase at optimum pH, glucose was consumed at the maximum rate (qs), 17.87 mmol g(sup-1) h(sup-1), and was mainly fermented into acetate, ethanol, and formate (76.5% of metabolites produced). In acidic or alkaline conditions, glucose specific consumption rates were considerably reduced (qs = 8.06 mmol g(sup-1) h(sup-1) at pH 5.6 and 2.85 mmol g(sup-1) h(sup-1) at pH 8.4), and a switch in glucose metabolism toward lactate production (62.6% of metabolites produced at pH 5.6 and 41.2% of those produced at pH 8.4) was observed. Moreover, optimum cellular yield (Y(infx/ATP)), 14.8 g mol(sup-1), and optimum energy yield (Y(infATP/s)), 2.65 mol mol(sup-1), were observed at neutrality. The results of this study were compared with published data about lactic acid bacteria; this comparison allowed us to complement our previous taxonomic study of B. thermoamylovorans and to identify additional phenotypic differences between B. thermoamylovorans and lactobacilli.
Inducible Expression of the gp49B Inhibitory Receptor on NK Cells (2000)

Murine NK cells express inhibitory receptors belonging to the C-type lectin-like (Ly-49, CD94/NKG2) and Ig superfamily-related (gp49) receptors. The murine gp49B receptor displays structural homology with human killer inhibitory receptors, and was previously identified to be a receptor on mast cells and activated NK cells. The gp49B receptor is highly related to gp49A, a receptor with unknown function. In this study, using a novel mAb produced against soluble gp49B molecules that cross-reacts with gp49A, we examined the cellular distribution and function of these receptors. gp49 is constitutively expressed on cells of the myeloid lineage throughout development, as well as on mature cells. Importantly, gp49 is not expressed on spleen- and liver-derived lymphocytes, including NK cells, but its expression is induced in vitro on NK cells following IL-2 stimulation, or in vivo by infection with murine CMV. Molecular studies revealed that both the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-containing gp49B as well as immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-less gp49A receptors are up-regulated on NK cells following murine CMV infection. When co-cross-linked with NK1.1, gp49B can inhibit NK1.1-mediated cytokine release by NK cells. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the expression of gp49B on NK cells is regulated, providing the first example of an in vivo activation-induced NK cell inhibitory receptor, in contrast to the constitutively expressed Ly49 family.
Olaparib for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2016)

Olaparib, an oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, is the first FDA-approved drug in its class for patients with ovarian cancer, specifically in a subset of patients with BRCA mutations and prior chemotherapy treatments. PARP inhibitors have had other implications in different solid tumor types including breast, gastric and pancreatic malignancies. In light of the recent FDA approval of olaparib for the treatment of ovarian cancer, this article aims to outline the mechanisms and implications of the drug. With a favorable adverse event profile and improved outcomes, including progression-free survival, olaparib has demonstrated augmentation to therapeutic options in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Amino group chemistry : from synthesis to the life sciences (2008)

Includes bibliographical references and index. | xiv, 394 p. | ill. | 25 cm.
Efficiency optimal operating for vane-speed parallel flow control system (2003)

In a flow control system with a fan, the variable speed drive is becoming popular because of its cost-effectiveness compared with conventional vane or damper flow control systems. But, for the large system which requires the parallel operation of several fans, it cannot always be said that driving all the fans with variable speed is the best or most cost-effective choice. In this regard, a variable speed drive fan and a constant speed drive fan with vane control under conditions of parallel operation are dealt with. The total energy consumed in the vane-speed parallel flow control system depends on the operating points of the fan speed and the vane opening, and three will exist an optimal combination of the speed of one and the vane opening of the other that minimizes the total power consumption. This optimal combination is derived from a mathematical model and tested on actual fans for a generating boiler system. The results confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Examples of Using 3D‐GPC‐TREF for Polyolefin Characterization (2007)

Abstract Summary: Selected examples of using 3D‐GPC‐TREF to solve polyolefin characterization problems are described in this paper. The term 3D‐GPC‐TREF stands for a home‐build hybrid system of gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) coupled with the capability of the temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) that includes three online detectors, i.e. the infrared (IR), the differential‐pressure viscometer (DP), and the light scattering (LS) detectors.
Aquaporin Deletion in Mice Reduces Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Fluid Production (2002)

Aquaporin (AQP) water channels are expressed in the eye at sites of aqueous fluid production and outflow: AQP1 and AQP4 in nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, and AQP1 in trabecular meshwork endothelium. Novel methods were developed to compare aqueous fluid dynamics in wild-type mice versus mice lacking AQP1 and/or AQP4. Aqueous fluid production was measured by in vivo confocal microscopy after transcorneal iontophoretic introduction of fluorescein. Intraocular pressure (IOP), outflow, and anterior chamber compliance were determined from pressure measurements in response to fluid infusions using micropipettes. Aqueous fluid volume and [Cl(-)] were assayed in samples withdrawn by micropipettes. In wild-type mice (CD1 genetic background, age 4-6 wk), IOP was 16.0 +/- 0.4 mmHg (SE), aqueous fluid volume 7.2 +/- 0.3 microl, fluid production 3.6 +/- 0.2 microl/h, fluid outflow 0.36 +/- 0.06 microl/h/mmHg, and compliance 0.036 +/- 0.006 microl/mmHg. IOP was significantly decreased by up to 1.8 mmHg (P < 0.002) and fluid production by up to 0.9 microl/h in age/litter-matched mice lacking AQP1 and/or AQP4 (outbred CD1 and inbred C57/bl6 genetic backgrounds). However, AQP deletion did not significantly affect outflow, [Cl(-)], volume, or compliance. These results provide evidence for the involvement of AQPs in intraocular pressure regulation by facilitating aqueous fluid secretion across the ciliary epithelium. AQP inhibition may thus provide a novel approach for the treatment of elevated IOP.
Calling Software Functions from Hardware Functions in High Level Synthesizer CCAP (2007)

We are developing a high-level synthesizer named CCAP (C Compatible Architecture Prototyper), which synthesizes functions in C programs into hardware callable from software. The hardware functions (the functions synthesized into hardware) can be called from software and the other hardware funcstions without designing specific interface in the synthesized system. In this paper, we propose a novel framework in which the hardware functions can call software functions in CCAP, for which we show both multi-thread and single-thread implementation schemes. We verified the correctness of the proposed method (single-thread version) through register transfer level simulation.
Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-Sulfate (DHEA-S) in Alzheimer's Disease and in Cerebrovascular Dementia. (1996)

A decreased concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported but is still controversial. In the present study, serum concentrations of DHEA and DHEA-S were determined in 19 patients with AD, 21 patients with cerebrovascular dementia (CVD) and 45 age- and gender matched elderly control individuals from the Japanese community at large. Serum concentration of DHEA among controls, patients with AD and patients with CVD did not significantly differ from one another. However, patients with AD and patients with CVD were found to have lower concentration of serum DHEA-S and a lower DHEA-S/DHEA ration compared to normal control individuals. No significant difference was observed in the concentration of serum DHEA-S or the DHEA-S/DHEA ratio between patients with AD and those with CVD. These results suggest that reduced concentrations of serum DHEA-S may not be unique to AD, but instead reflect a common phenomenon in dementing diseases. However, since serum concentration of DHEA in these patients remained unchanged, the significance of DHEA in dementia remains unclear.
Dual‐Gate Thin‐Film Transistors, Integrated Circuits and Sensors (2011)

The first dual-gate thin-film transistor (DGTFT) was reported in 1981 with CdSe as the semiconductor. Other TFT technologies such as a-Si:H and organic semiconductors have led to additional ways of making DGTFTs. DGTFTs contain a second gate dielectric with a second gate positioned opposite of the first gate. The main advantage is that the threshold voltage can be set as a function of the applied second gate bias. The shift depends on the ratio of the capacitances of the two gate dielectrics. Here we review the fast growing field of DGTFTs. We summarize the reported operational mechanisms, and the application in logic gates and integrated circuits. The second emerging application of DGTFTs is sensitivity enhancement of existing ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFET). The reported sensing mechanism is discussed and an outlook is presented.
Identification of the uvrA6 mutation of Escherichia coli (1988)

The uvrA6 mutation has been cloned on a multicopy plasmid by using a chloramphenicol resistance marker introduced next to the uvrA gene in the Escherichia coli chromosome. The mutation was shown to reside in the N-terminal part of the uvrA gene. Sequencing part of this region of the mutant gene revealed a frameshift mutation at positions 207 to 209, which leads to a stop codon at position 262. A marker rescue experiment showed that this frameshift is the only mutation responsible for the UV-sensitive phenotype of the UvrA6 mutant. The method presented is suitable for the cloning of every chromosomal uvrA mutation and can be useful for the study of the functional domains of the UvrA protein.
User generated video annotation using Geo-tagged image databases (2009)

In this paper we propose a system that annotates a user generated video based on the associated location metadata, by exploiting user-tagged image databases. An example of such a database is a photo sharing Web site such as Flickr where users upload their images and annotate them with various tags. The goal is to find the tags that have high probability of being relevant to the video without any complex object or action recognition being done to the video sequence. A video is first segmented into camera views and a set of keyframes are selected to represent the video. We will describe the concept of camera view as the basic element of user generated videos which has special properties suitable for the video annotation application. The keyframes are used to retrieve the most relevant images in the database. A ldquotag processingrdquo step is then used to tag the video.
Glucose Effect and the Galactose Enzymes of <i>Escherichia coli</i> : Correlation Between Glucose Inhibition of Induction and Inducer Transport (1966)

Adhya, Sankar (University of Wisconsin, Madison), and Harrison Echols. Glucose effect and the galactose enzymes of Escherichia coli: correlation between glucose inhibition of induction and inducer transport. J. Bacteriol. 92:601-608. 1966.-The inhibitory effect of glucose on the induction of the enzymes required for galactose utilization ("glucose effect") was studied in Escherichia coli. Experiments on the uptake into the cell of labeled inducers (d-galactose-C(14) and d-fucose-H(3)) pointed to inhibition at the level of inducer transport as the possible primary mechanism of the glucose effect in the case of the gal enzymes. This interpretation was supported by the finding that a mutant constitutive for the lac enzymes was resistant to glucose inhibition of galactose induction of the gal enzymes; the mutant had acquired a glucose-resistant alternative transport mechanism for galactose via the constitutively synthesized galactoside permease. Further support for the transport inhibition model was provided by the finding that glucose did not substantially inhibit induction of the gal enzymes when glucose and galactose were produced intracellularly by beta-galactosidase hydrolysis of lactose, even if excess glucose was added. The inducer uptake experiments also showed that d-galactose and d-fucose probably enter the cell via different transport systems, although uptake of both compounds was inhibited by glucose.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BONE MINERAL DENSITY OF THE PROXIMAL FEMUR AND STRENGTH OF HIP MUSCLES IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN1 (1998)

The relationship between muscle strength and bone density is well known, but only a limited number of studies relating muscle strength to bone mineral density of a site-specific limb have been performed. The main purposes of this study were as follows: (1) to assess the relationship between the strength of hip muscles and bone mineral density of the proximal femur in 100 postmenopausal women; (2) to compare strength values of three subgroups, which were formed on the basis of the femoral neck Z-scores. By using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex 350), muscle strength tests were performed for hip muscles and bone mineral density measurements were obtained by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Statistical analysis demonstrated a moderately positive correlation between bone mineral density of the femoral neck and hip muscle strength (with abductors: r = 0.267, P = 0.008; with adductors: r = 0.276, P = 0.007). A moderate correlation was also found between bone mineral density of Ward's triangle and hip adductors (r = 0.327; P = 0.001). When muscle strength mean values of subgroups were compared with each other, there was no statistically significant differences. These data may suggest that the isokinetic strength of hip muscles may not contribute to the bone mineral density of the proximal femur.
Update: Researchers pencil in graphene transistors (2008)

Graphene, found in pencil marks, is a candidate material for making future transistors. It's extracted from graphite crystals using sticky tape. Graphene's weird electrical properties allow for smallest transistor yet. Silicon's remarkable run as ruler of the chip world may be nearing an end as engineers eventually lose the ability to make faster silicon transistors by making them smaller. In the hunt for what comes next, carbon nanotubes have gotten a big chunk of the attention, but if the current explosion of research activity is any indication, it may be graphene that wins in the end.
Feature extraction method for high impedance ground fault localization in radial power distribution networks (2002)

A new approach to the localization of high impedance ground faults in compensated radial power distribution networks is presented. The total size of such networks is often very large and a major part of the monitoring of these is carried out manually. The increasing complexity of industrial processes and communication systems lead to demands for improved monitoring of power distribution networks so that the quality of power delivery can be kept at a controlled level. The ground fault localization method for each feeder in a network is based on the centralized frequency broadband measurement of three phase voltages and currents. The method consists of a feature extractor, based on a grid description of the feeder by impulse responses, and a neural network for ground fault localization. The emphasis of this paper is the feature extractor, and the detection of the time instance of a ground fault.
The 5-chlorouracil:7-deazaadenine base pair as an alternative to the dT:dA base pair (2016)

5-Chloro-2'-deoxyuridine as a possible component of a chemically modified genome has been discussed in terms of its influence on duplex stability and DNA polymerase incorporation properties. The search for its counterpart among different deoxyadenosine analogs (7-deaza-, 8-aza- and 8-aza-7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosines) showed that the stable duplex formation as well as the synthesis of long constructs, more than 2 kb, were successful with the 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine and 7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine combination and with Taq DNA polymerase.
Initiation of Germination and Inactivation of <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> Spores by Hydrostatic Pressure (1969)

The effect of hydrostatic pressures as high as 1,700 atm at 25 C on the heat and radiation resistance of Bacillus pumilus spores was studied. Phosphate-buffered spores were more sensitive to compression than spores suspended in distilled water. Measurements of the turbidity of suspensions, the viability, refractility, stainability, dry weight, and respiratory activity of spores, and calcium and dipicolinic acid release were made for different pressures and times. Initiation of germination occurred at pressures exceeding 500 atm and was the prerequisite for inactivation by compression. The rate of initiation increased with increasing pressure at constant temperature. This result is interpreted as a net decrease in the volume of the system during initiation as a result of increased solvation of the spore components.
A new aminoglycoside antibiotic, sannamycin C and its 4-N-glycyl derivative. (1980)

Streptomyces sannanensis KC-7038 used for the production of sannamycins A and B has also produced another antibiotic sannamycin C, in the culture broth. Physico-chemical characterization revealed that sannamycin C is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic having 6-N-methylpurpurosamine C and 2-deoxy-3-epi-fortamine. Its 4-N-glycyl derivative indicated inhibitory activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria containing aminoglycoside resistant strains.
Industrial plasticizing/dispersion aids for cement based on polyflavonoid tannins (1996)

Natural and modified polyflavonoid tannin extracts have been shown to behave as super-plasticizers of cement and concrete mixes, improving fluidity without any significant retardation of the onset of hardening. This was shown by applied tests, by conduction calorimetry, and by X-ray diffraction analysis. The tannin extracts' behavior was ascribed to the balance of different effects, namely, (1) their increase in molecular mass induced by the presence of the silicate and aluminate component of cement, (2), the decrease first and then stabilization of the molecular mass and improved solubility induced by introduction of sulfonic groups in the structure of the tannin, and (3) the stabilization in the molecular mass induced by urea through its hindrance to tannin autocondensation and its decrease of tannin extract colloidal association in a water solution. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Engineering of Family-5 Glycoside Hydrolase (Cel5A) from an Uncultured Bacterium for Efficient Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Substrates (2013)

Cel5A, an endoglucanase, was derived from the metagenomic library of vermicompost. The deduced amino acid sequence of Cel5A shows high sequence homology with family-5 glycoside hydrolases, which contain a single catalytic domain but no distinct cellulose-binding domain. Random mutagenesis and cellulose-binding module (CBM) fusion approaches were successfully applied to obtain properties required for cellulose hydrolysis. After two rounds of error-prone PCR and screening of 3,000 mutants, amino acid substitutions were identified at various positions in thermotolerant mutants. The most heat-tolerant mutant, Cel5A_2R2, showed a 7-fold increase in thermostability. To enhance the affinity and hydrolytic activity of Cel5A on cellulose substrates, the family-6 CBM from Saccharophagus degradans was fused to the C-terminus of the Cel5A_2R2 mutant using overlap PCR. The Cel5A_2R2-CBM6 fusion protein showed 7-fold higher activity than the native Cel5A on Avicel and filter paper. Cellobiose was a major product obtained from the hydrolysis of cellulosic substrates by the fusion enzyme, which was identified by using thin layer chromatography analysis.
Generalized product accumulate codes: analysis and performance (2002)

Product accumulate (PA) codes were proposed and shown by Li, Narayanan and Georghiades (see Proc. Intl.. Symp. Inform. Theory, Washington DC, p.122-22, June 2001, and IEEE Tran. Info. Theory) to be a class of simple and provably good codes for rate R/spl ges/1/2. This work investigates the generalized product accumulate (GPA) codes which have rates over the entire range and which are also "good" both in the maximum likelihood (ML) sense and under the iterative approach. Analysis concentrates on the weight distribution over the code ensemble, the ML bounds, and the existence and computation of threshold phenomenon in the iterative decoding. A tight upper bound due to Divsalar (see Proc. 1998 Allerton Conf. Commun. and Control, Sept. 1998, p.201-10) and the thresholds computed using density evolution are examined. Simulations are presented and evaluated, especially for rate R/spl les/1/2.
A Modular Expandable Implantable Temperature Biotelemeter (1980)

An implantable biotelemetry system is described for multisite temperature measurements with ease of expansion by use of different master circuit boards to accommodate additional channels. Modular construction of the multichannel FM-FM system allows addition or deletion of channels as the experiment requires. The radio frequency carrer osciUlator is tunable to a "quiet" frequency in the 90-105 MHz range prior to implantation. The telemeter may incorporate enclosed or remote temperature probes which allow deep body temperature measurements in the range of 30-42 °C with an available resolution of ±0.015°C. Transmitters have been utilized in monitoring ovarian and subcutaneous temperatures, and also as an aid in detection of ovulation in the Macaca mulatta.
Neil Longley York, Neither Kingdom Nor Nation: The Irish Quest for Constitutional Rights, 1698-1800, Washington, D.C.: Catholic University Press of America, 1994. Pp. xi + 280. $54.95 (ISBN 0-8132-0782-7). (1997)

Neil Longley York, Neither Kingdom Nor Nation: The Irish Quest for Constitutional Rights, 1698-1800, Washington, D.C.: Catholic University Press of America, 1994. Pp. xi + 280. $54.95 (ISBN 0-8132-0782-7). - Volume 15 Issue 1
Noise characteristics of a non-degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillator - Application to quantum noise reduction (1989)

A semi-classical analysis of the noise characteristics of a non degenerate, above threshold, optical parametric oscillator is presented, yielding expressions for the quantum fluctuations of the output field intensities and phases. Particular emphasis is given to the study of the noise on the intensity difference between the two generated fields. The effect of losses, unbalance, detunings and excess pump noise is investigated. A significant quantum noise reduction is found over a broad domain of the parameter space.
Chapter 15. Nucleic acids (1970)

G. M. Blackburn, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. B: Org. Chem., 1970, 67, 489 DOI: 10.1039/OC9706700489