gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trends in Utilization of the Pharmacological Potential of Chalcones (2010)

Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) are open chain flavonoids that are widely biosynthesized in plants. They are important for the pigmentation of flowers and, hence, act as attractants to the pollinators. As flavonoids, chalcones also play an important role in defense against pathogens and insects. A longstanding scientific research has shown that chalcones also display other interesting biological properties such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antiulcer, antihistaminic and anti-inflammatory activities. Some lead compounds with various pharmacological properties have been developed based on the chalcone skeleton. Clinical trials have shown that these compounds reached reasonable plasma concentrations and did not cause toxicity. For these reasons, chalcones became an object of continued interest in both academia and industry. Nowadays, several chalcones are used for treatment of viral disorders, cardiovascular diseases, parasitic infections, pain, gastritis, and stomach cancer, as well as like food additives and cosmetic formulation ingredients. However, much of the pharmacological potential of chalcones is still not utilized. The purpose of this review is to describe the recent efforts of scientists in pharmacological screening of natural and synthetic chalcones, studying the mechanisms of chalcone action and relevant structure-activity relationships. Put together, these activities aimed at synthesis of pharmacologically active chalcones and their analogs.
Breast Cancer Incidence Among Atomic Bomb Survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950–69 (1977)

Journal Article Breast Cancer Incidence Among Atomic Bomb Survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950–69 Get access D. H. McGregor, D. H. McGregor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. E. Land, C. E. Land Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Choi, K. Choi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Tokuoka, S. Tokuoka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. I. Liu, P. I. Liu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. Wakabayashi, T. Wakabayashi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. W. Beebe G. W. Beebe Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 3, September 1977, Pages 799–811, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.3.799 Published: 01 September 1977 Article history Received: 03 December 1976 Accepted: 18 April 1977 Published: 01 September 1977
Disentangling Preferences and Learning in Brand Choice Models (2012)

In recent years there has been a growing stream of literature in marketing and economics that models consumers as Bayesian learners. Such learning behavior is often embedded within a discrete choice framework that is then calibrated on scanner panel data. At the same time, it is now accepted wisdom that disentangling preference heterogeneity and state dependence is critical in any attempt to understand either construct. We posit that this confounding between state dependence and heterogeneity often carries through to Bayesian learning models. That is, the failure to adequately account for preference heterogeneity may result in over- or underestimation of the learning process because this heterogeneity is also reflected in the initial conditions. Using a unique data set that contains stated preferences (survey) and actual purchase data (scanner panel) for the same group of consumers, we attempt to untangle the effects of preference heterogeneity and state dependence, where the latter arises from Bayesian learning. Our results are striking and suggest that measured brand beliefs can predict choices quite well and, moreover, that in the absence of such measured preference information, the Bayesian learning behavior for consumer packaged goods is vastly overstated. The inclusion of preference information significantly reduces evidence for aggregate-level learning and substantially changes the nature of individual-level learning. Using individual-level outcomes, we illustrate why the lack of preference information leads to faulty inferences.
Modeling the relative fitness of storage (2007)

Relative fitness is a new black-box approach to modeling the performance of storage devices. In contrast with an absolute model that predicts the performance of a workload on a given storage device, a relative fitness model predicts performance differences between a pair of devices. There are two primary advantages to this approach. First, because are lative fitness model is constructed for a device pair, the application-device feedback of a closed workload can be captured (e.g., how the I/O arrival rate changes as the workload moves from device A to device B). Second, a relative fitness model allows performance and resource utilization to be used in place of workload characteristics. This is beneficial when workload characteristics are difficult to obtain or concisely express (e.g., rather than describe the spatio-temporal characteristics of a workload, one could use the observed cache behavior of device A to help predict the performance of B.
Spatial-Temporal Cascade Autoencoder for Video Anomaly Detection in Crowded Scenes (2020)

Time-efficient anomaly detection and localization in video surveillance still remains challenging due to the complexity of “anomaly”. In this paper, we propose a cuboid-patch-based method characterized by a cascade of classifiers called a spatial-temporal cascade autoencoder (ST-CaAE), which makes full use of both spatial and temporal cues from video data. The ST-CaAE has two main stages, defined by two proposed neural networks: a spatial-temporal adversarial autoencoder (ST-AAE) and a spatial-temporal convolutional autoencoder (ST-CAE). First, the ST-AAE is used to preliminarily identify anomalous video cuboids and exclude normal cuboids. The key idea underlying ST-AAE is to obtain a Gaussian model to fit the distribution of the regular data. Then in the second stage, the ST-CAE classifies the specific abnormal patches in each anomalous cuboid with reconstruction error based strategy that takes advantage of the CAE and skip connection. A two-stream framework is utilized to fuse the appearance and motion cues to achieve more complete detection results, taking the gradient and optical flow cuboids as inputs for each stream. The proposed ST-CaAE is evaluated using three public datasets. The experimental results verify that our framework outperforms other state-of-the-art works.
El papel del Estado en la perspectiva global actual (2012)

Este breve trabajo quiere llamar la atencion sobre la necesidad de recuperar el sentido de la accion estatal como instrumento de los intereses comunes de las personas, en un mundo globalizado, cuyas dimensionas economicas superan la capacidad de regulacion, control y distribucion de la riqueza de gran parte de los estados actuales. Dicha capacidad solamente puede ser recuperada mediante la cooperacion a nivel politico, economico, judicial y civil en los ordenes interestatal y transnacional del mundo actual.
A Smartphone Indoor Positioning Method (2013)

Location based services are very useful to human beings. The vehicle navigation service that is used by almost all drivers in the world is an example location based service. As the man made constructions are getting bigger and bigger, indoor location based services are demanded. Matter of fact, researches for indoor location based service started in the early 1990s and developing techniques with which universally available efficient indoor location based service systems can be built is one of the hottest current research issues. Considering the features of smart phones, its computing power and the sensor devices equipped on it, moreover it is one of the most popular personal belongings, we conclude that a smart phone is the most ideal device on which indoor location based service systems should be executed. Therefore, we propose a method of indoor positioning that determines the user's current position with the smart phone's sensor values. Referring to the accelerometer values, our method counts steps. With the orientation values, our method estimates the direction. With the step count and the direction, our method determines the current location of the user. Referring to the floor map, our method adjusts the user's current location from time to time. We have implemented the proposed method on Android smart phones and our test results are discussed in this paper.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)ynamines (I): Cycloaddition Reactions with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Ketenes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Density-Preserving Data Visualization Unveils Dynamic Patterns of Single-Cell Transcriptomic Variability (2020)

Nonlinear data-visualization methods, such as t-SNE and UMAP, have become staple tools for summarizing the complex transcriptomic landscape of single cells in 2D or 3D. However, existing approaches neglect the local density of data points in the original space, often resulting in misleading visualizations where densely populated subpopulations of cells are given more visual space even if they account for only a small fraction of transcriptional diversity within the dataset. We present den-SNE and densMAP, our density-preserving visualization tools based on t-SNE and UMAP, respectively, and demonstrate their ability to facilitate more accurate visual interpretation of single-cell RNA-seq data. On recently published datasets, our methods newly reveal significant changes in transcriptomic variability within a range of biological processes, including cancer, immune cell specialization in human, and the developmental trajectory of C. elegans . Our methods are readily applicable to visualizing high-dimensional data in other scientific domains.
Microarray probe selection strategies (2001)

During recent years, DNA microarrays have become the method of choice to monitor the expression level of a large number of genes. Depending on the focus of the study and the method of microarray fabrication, a number of different strategies for probe selection may be most appropriate. One consideration concerns the length of the probe, ranging from some 25 residues used for oligonucleotide arrays to complete cDNAs. Unless resources are truly unlimited, an important decision to be made is the amount of effort to be put into the selection of genes and gene fragments. While high-throughput cDNA arraying projects usually will select from a collection of existing cDNA clones, smaller projects focusing on a number of selected genes can afford to selectively amplify fragments optimised for that purpose. This paper discusses the full scope of probe selection strategies, highlighting the problems that may be encountered in the various systems.
Speckle Noise Reduction in Optical Coherence Tomography Using Two-dimensional Curvelet-based Dictionary Learning (2017)

The process of interpretation of high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is restricted due to the large speckle noise. To address this problem, this paper proposes a new method using two-dimensional (2D) curvelet-based K-SVD algorithm for speckle noise reduction and contrast enhancement of intra-retinal layers of 2D spectral-domain OCT images. For this purpose, we take curvelet transform of the noisy image. In the next step, noisy sub-bands of different scales and rotations are separately thresholded with an adaptive data-driven thresholding method, then, each thresholded sub-band is denoised based on K-SVD dictionary learning with a variable size initial dictionary dependent on the size of curvelet coefficients' matrix in each sub-band. We also modify each coefficient matrix to enhance intra-retinal layers, with noise suppression at the same time. We demonstrate the ability of the proposed algorithm in speckle noise reduction of 100 publically available OCT B-scans with and without non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and improvement of contrast-to-noise ratio from 1.27 to 5.12 and mean-to-standard deviation ratio from 3.20 to 14.41 are obtained.
An IKKα–E2F1–BMI1 cascade activated by infiltrating B cells controls prostate regeneration and tumor recurrence (2013)

Androgen-deprived prostate cancer (PCa) is infiltrated by B lymphocytes that produce cytokines that activate IκB kinase α (IKKα) to accelerate the emergence of castration-resistant tumors. We now demonstrate that infiltrating B lymphocytes and IKKα are also required for androgen-dependent expansion of epithelial progenitors responsible for prostate regeneration. In these cells and in PCa cells, IKKα phosphorylates transcription factor E2F1 on a site that promotes its nuclear translocation, association with the coactivator CBP, and recruitment to critical genomic targets that include Bmi1, a key regulator of normal and cancerous prostate stem cell renewal. The IKKα-BMI1 pathway is also activated in human PCa.
Theoretical study and pathways for nanoparticle capture during solidification of metal melt (2012)

Nanocomposites can provide exciting physical, chemical, and mechanical properties for numerous applications. The solidification processing method has great potential for economical fabrication of bulk nanocomposites, especially for those with crystalline materials as the matrix, such as metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs). However, it is extremely difficult to effectively capture nanoparticles (less than 100 nm) into the solidification fronts during solidification. It is thus very important to initiate a theoretical study to examine the physics that governs the interactions between nanoparticles and the solidification front, and to provide enabling pathways for effective nanoparticle capture during solidification. The aim of this paper is to establish a theoretical framework for the fundamental understanding of nanoparticle capture during solidification of metal melt in order to obtain bulk MMNCs. A thermodynamically favorable condition is set as the starting point for further theoretical analysis of the three-party model system, namely a nanoparticle-metal-melt-solidification front. Three key interaction potentials, the interfacial energy at short range (0.2-0.4 nm), the van der Waals potential (especially at a longer range beyond 0.4 nm and up to ∼10 nm) and the Brownian potential, were studied. Three possible pathways for nanoparticle capture were thus devised: viscous capture, Brownian capture and spontaneous capture. Spontaneous capture is proposed as the most favorable for nanoparticle capture during solidification of metal melt. The theoretical model of nanoparticle capture from this study will serve as a powerful tool for future experimental studies to realize exciting functionalities offered by bulk MMNCs.
The dual phosphodiesterase 3/4 inhibitor RPL554 stimulates rare class III and IV CFTR mutants (2020)

Over 2,000 mutations have been reported in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (<i>cftr</i>) gene, many of which cause disease but are rare and have no effective treatment. Thus, there is an unmet need for new, mutation-agnostic therapies for cystic fibrosis (CF). Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are one such class of therapeutics that have been shown to elevate intracellular cAMP levels and stimulate CFTR-dependent anion secretion in human airway epithelia; however, the number of people with CF that could be helped by PDE inhibitors remains to be determined. Here we used Fisher rat thyroid (FRT) cells stably transduced with rare human CFTR mutants and studied their responsiveness to the dual phosphodiesterase 3/4 inhibitor RPL554 (Verona Pharma). Through its inhibitory effect on PDE4D, we find that RPL554 can elevate intracellular cAMP leading to a potentiation of forskolin-stimulated current mediated by R334W, T338I, G551D, and S549R mutants of CFTR when used alone or in combination with CFTR modulators. We also were able to reproduce these effects of RPL554 on G551D-CFTR when it was expressed in primary human bronchial epithelial cells, indicating that RPL554 would have stimulatory effects on rare CFTR mutants in human airways and validating FRT cells as a model for PDE inhibitor studies. Furthermore, we provide biochemical evidence that VX-809 causes surprisingly robust correction of several class III and IV CFTR mutants. Together, our findings further support the therapeutic potential of RPL554 for patients with CF with class III/IV mutations and emphasize the potential of PDEs as potential drug targets that could benefit patients with CF.
Detection of autoregulation in the brain of premature infants using a novel subspace-based technique (2005)

A study by Tsuji et al. (2000) suggests that, under certain circumstances, concordant changes in cerebral intravascular oxygenation and mean arterial blood pressure reflect impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation. In this paper, we propose a new measure to quantify this concordance, derived from the common subspace of these signals. The method is compared to correlation and coherence analysis with respect to our application, but it is also suited to other biomedical signals. Furthermore, this model-based approach is not restricted to applications involving only two signals.
MODIFIED STARCHES IN FOODS (1983)

The properties and uses of modified starches are reviewed and preparative methods outlined. Legislation covering the use of modified starches in foods is briefly discussed together with the toxicity and digestibility of these starches. Some analytical techniques used for modified starches are described. Although modified starches have been in use in the food industry for some time and this use is increasing with increase in convenience foods, information about these compounds in food science textbooks is limited and more detailed material is dispersed throughout technical reviews and research papers. This paper attempts to summarize the information available.
Purified human factor activates heat shock promoter in a HeLa cell-free transcription system. (1988)

Heat shock protein (hsp) genes are typically silent and are activated by various stresses including heat. As a first step toward understanding this activation event, a human factor, referred to here as human heat shock transcription factor (human HTF), has been purified approximately 14,000-fold from extracts of heat-treated HeLa cells by means of sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography. The most highly purified fraction of human HTF binds specifically to the known regulatory sequence element (HSE) of hsp genes as shown by footprinting experiments. Purified human HTF has an apparent molecular mass of 83 kDa. Human HTF is specifically required for activation of an hsp gene promoter in a reconstituted in vitro transcription system from human cells. Activation is dependent on the presence of the HSEs in the transcription template.
Low Emissions Combustion for the Regenerative Gas Turbine: Part 1—Theoretical and Design Considerations (1974)

This first part, of a two part paper, reviews the NOx emission problem of the regenerative gas turbine engine for automotive application. It discusses the problem of fuel droplet burning, which causes heterogenous combustion with resulting high flame temperatures and high levels of oxides of nitrogen. The paper proposes means to achieve homogeneous combustion and shows that, even with this approach, flame temperatures need to be closely controlled to effect a compromise between NOx, CO, and HC emissions in order to meet the stringent numerical levels of emissions specified by the Federal standards for 1976 and subsequent model year automobiles. The paper shows that combustor inlet temperature of a homogeneous system has little effect, theoretically, on computed NOx emissions expressed as grams per mile, thereby strengthening the case for the regenerative turbine engine. A design concept for homogeneous combustion with controlled flame temperature is discussed.
Moclobemide in patients with dementia and depression. (1999)

Moclobemide, the first reversible inhibitor of MAOA (so-called RIMA) to become widely available for clinical use, is an effective and well-tolerated antidepressant. Preclinical experiments, as well as studies in human volunteers and patients, provide evidence for the cognition enhancing effects of moclobemide. This cognition improvement, taken together with moclobemide's absence of anticholinergic effects, lack of sedation, and similarity in pharmacokinetics in young and elderly individuals, makes this drug especially appropriate for use in treatment of the elderly depressed patient.
Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by NSC 82196, a new imidazole carboxamide derivative. (1969)

Summary Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was used as a model delayed hypersensitivity reaction to test the immunosuppressive potential of the new carcinostatic agent, imidazole-4(or 5)-carboxamide,5(or 4)-[3,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-triazeno] (NSC 82196). EAE was induced in the highly susceptible Lewis strain of rats by intradermal injection of an encephalitogenic protein extracted from guinea pig brain emulsified in Freund9s complete adjuvant. NSC 82196 delayed the onset and significantly decreased the severity of EAE when given prior to antigenic challenge. This drug was more effective in suppressing EAE than equitoxic doses of a related compound, NSC 45388, and the other immunosuppressive agents tested, cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, azathioprine, and amethopterin, when all drugs were given in a similar presensitization schedule. EAE can be used as an effective screening model for immunosuppressive effects of drugs that may have pertinence in cancer chemotherapy.
Transport Performance of Nucleosides through Nucleic Acid Bases Conjugated Hyaluronan (1995)

Abstract The transport performance of nucleosides through the membranes of hyaluronic acid and deacetylated hyaluronan conjugated with nucleic acid base derivatives has been studied under varied temperature. Partition coefficient values of the permeants and permeabilities of the membranes showed the selectivity of nucleosides due to the effect of specific interaction between the permeants and nucleic acid base moiety in the membrane.
Teamwork and Clinical Error Reporting among Nurses in Korean Hospitals (2015)

Teamwork was rated as moderate and was positively associated with nurses' error reporting performance. Hospital executives and nurse managers should make substantial efforts to enhance teamwork, which will contribute to encouraging the reporting of errors and improving patient safety.