gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective software testing : 50 specific ways to improve your testing (2002)

Judging by the title, you might expect to discover between the covers a lot of tips and techniques to really help you and your team get better at testing. Unfortunately, if you have more than a little experience as a tester, you will find little here that is new to you. Conversely, if you are relatively new to testing, many techniques in Dustin’s list of fifty might be new to you, but for the most part, you won’t get enough detail to really learn them. For me, reading this book was about as helpful as reading the menu at my favorite take-out restaurant: I’ve seen all the choices before, and Dustin did not have much new to say about them.
Low ionic strength or chemical cross-linking of monomeric C3b increases its binding affinity to the human complement C3b receptor. (1983)

Quantitative studies of the interaction between a fragment of the third component of complement (C3b) and its receptor on human cells have been undertaken with a recently developed radioligand binding assay. Specific binding of fluid phase monomeric C3b was direct and saturable under low (mu = 0.0513) but not physiological (mu = 0.15) ionic strength. Dimeric C3b had a greater affinity for the C3b receptor at either ionic strength. Complexing of monomeric C3b with another protein (human IgG) did not result in increase in binding to human erythrocytes when compared with monomeric C3b alone. These data suggest that ionic forces are involved in C3b receptor-ligand interactions and that the stable C3b-receptor binding site is present in monomeric C3b. Furthermore they suggest that the greater affinity of dimeric or oligomeric C3b is a result of multimeric binding to preclustered C3b receptors. These findings provide an explanation for the relatively stable interaction of particle bound C3b and C3b receptor-bearing cells in the immune adherence reaction.
iSMART: Ontology-based Semantic query of CDA documents. (2009)

The Health Level 7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) is widely accepted as the format for electronic clinical document. With the rich ontological references in CDA documents, the ontology-based semantic query could be performed to retrieve CDA documents. In this paper, we present iSMART (interactive Semantic MedicAl Record reTrieval), a prototype system designed for ontology-based semantic query of CDA documents. The clinical information in CDA documents will be extracted into RDF triples by a declarative XML to RDF transformer. An ontology reasoner is developed to infer additional information by combining the background knowledge from SNOMED CT ontology. Then an RDF query engine is leveraged to enable the semantic queries. This system has been evaluated using the real clinical documents collected from a large hospital in southern China.
Triaminopyrimidine is a fast-killing and long-acting antimalarial clinical candidate (2015)

The widespread emergence of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) strains resistant to frontline agents has fuelled the search for fast-acting agents with novel mechanism of action. Here, we report the discovery and optimization of novel antimalarial compounds, the triaminopyrimidines (TAPs), which emerged from a phenotypic screen against the blood stages of Pf. The clinical candidate (compound 12) is efficacious in a mouse model of Pf malaria with an ED99 <30 mg kg(-1) and displays good in vivo safety margins in guinea pigs and rats. With a predicted half-life of 36 h in humans, a single dose of 260 mg might be sufficient to maintain therapeutic blood concentration for 4-5 days. Whole-genome sequencing of resistant mutants implicates the vacuolar ATP synthase as a genetic determinant of resistance to TAPs. Our studies highlight the potential of TAPs for single-dose treatment of Pf malaria in combination with other agents in clinical development.
An electrochemical glucose biosensor based on graphene composites: use of dopamine as reducing monomer and as site for covalent immobilization of enzyme (2014)

A new graphene-based electrochemical biosensor was constructed and applied for the simple, rapid and highly selective determination of glucose. The modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared using dopamine (DA) as a reducing agent for graphene oxide (GO) and as a capping agent to stabilize and coat the resulting reduced graphene oxide (RGO) surface as it can polymerize to form polydopamine (PDA). PDA-RGO composites were dropped onto a glassy carbon electrode surface, and glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on the surface of the composites by Michael addition. Finally, Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) were electrodeposited on the modified electrode. Such modified electrodes (denoted as GCE/PDA-RGO/GOx/PtNPs) were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray power diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical behaviors were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The fabricated biosensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 33 μA mM−1 cm−2 over a wide linear range of 0.2 mM to 1 mM, good stability, excellent repeatability, and a detection limit of 0.10 mM.
Content Based Facial Emotion Recognition Model using Machine Learning Algorithm (2018)

Emotion recognition or sentiment analysis is identified as an important research topic in computer vision community. The challenges include identification of face, recognition of accurate emotion, appropriate database and so on. We have proposed and implemented a general Convolutional Neural network (CNN) building framework for emotion recognition. The model is formalized by developing a coincident system which fulfills the tasks of face detection and emotion classification using our proposed CNN architecture. The model is validated using the FER-2013 dataset. In the proposed work, we discuss the applicability of the proposed CNN model. This model lays a valuable analysis of the effect of adjusting the network size, pooling, and dropout. For a given model, the final accuracy on the validation data is around 63%.
JHDL-an HDL for reconfigurable systems (2002)

JHDL is a design tool for reconfigurable systems that allows designers to express circuit organizations that dynamically change over time in a natural way, using only standard programming abstractions found in object-oriented languages. JHDL manages FPGA resources in a manner that is similar to the way object-oriented languages manage memory: circuits are treated as distinct objects and a circuit is configured onto a configurable computing machine (CCM) by invoking its constructor effectively "constructing " an instance of the circuit onto the reconfigurable platform just as object instances are allocated in memory with conventional object-oriented languages. This approach of using object constructors/destructors to control the circuit lifetime on a CCM is a powerful technique that naturally leads to a dual simulation/execution environment where a designer can easily switch between either software simulation or hardware execution on a CCM with a single application description. Moreover JHDL supports dual hardware/software execution; parts of the application described using JHDL circuit constructs can be executed on the CCM while the remainder of the application the-GUI for example-can run on the CCM host. Based on an existing programming language (Java), JHDL requires no language extensions and can be used with any standard Java 1.1 distribution.
Evaluation of simulation strategies for computer networks on parallel MIMD computers (2002)

A comparison by practical evaluation of several general-purpose distributed simulation algorithms that use different ways of bringing parallelism to the simulation of computer networks is presented. A description is given of the characteristics of computer networks relevant to distributed simulation, an approach to their modeling, and the characteristics of the parallel computer architecture used. The authors' simulation goals and how these influence the simulator are described. The results and conclusions of the comparison of different strategies for parallelization are also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Long‐Term Results of Percutaneous Lumbar Decompression <i>mild</i><sup>®</sup> for Spinal Stenosis (2011)

At 1 year this 58-patient cohort demonstrated continued excellent safety profile of the mild(®) procedure and equally important, showed long-term pain relief and improved functionality.
Human neonatal blood: stem cell content, kinetics of CD34<sup>+</sup> cell decline and <i>ex vivo</i> expansion capacity (1999)

Haemopoietic stem cells are present in fetal blood but their levels decline rapidly in the peripheral circulation of the infant after birth. We previously reported a case of stem cell transplant in a beta-thalassaemia boy using a combination of the cord blood (CB) and neonatal blood (NB) of his sister. This transplant resulted in a successful engraftment. To investigate the possibility of using NB to supplement CB for related transplants, we further characterized stem and progenitor cells and lymphocyte subsets in 20 NB samples, comparing the findings with those in 20 CB samples. Our data showed that NB contained substantial levels of CD34+ cells, CD34+CD38- cells, colony-forming units-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM), colony forming units-erythroid (CFU-E), burst forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and long-term culture initiating cells (LTCIC). NB was similar to CB in the levels of T lymphocytes, but the amounts of B lymphocytes and natural killer cells were higher in CB (P = 0.033, P= 0.001, respectively). The kinetics of CD34+ cells in NB was investigated in serial blood samples obtained from 10 full-term infants at 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 and 48h after birth. CD34+ cells decreased rapidly after birth, declining to only 30% of the 2h level at 48h (P<0012). The rate of decline was greatest in the first 4 h of life. NB from four infants was expanded by culturing the blood samples in the presence of thrombopoietin (Tpo), interleukin 1beta (IL1beta), IL-3, IL-6, flt-3 ligand and stem cell factor (SCF) for 7 d. This resulted in the increase of CD34+ cells, CFU-GM and CFU-MK by 271+/-179, 556+/-385 and 113+/-75 fold respectively. Three of the five samples expanded for 7 d contained LTCIC. These findings suggest that NB might be a supplementary or alternative source of stem cells to CB for transplant. The ethics and practicality of this approach deserve further exploration.
Stereospecific synthesis of adenosine 3′,5′-(S<sub>P</sub>)- and -(R<sub>P</sub>)-cyclic phosphorothioates (cAMPS) (1979)

NNO 2 ′-Tribenzoyladenosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate (3) was converted into a diastereoisomeric mixture of NNO2′-tribenzoyladenosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphoranilidates (4); after separation of these diastereoisomers, the corresponding adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphorothioates (1, cAMPS) were obtained and the absolute configuration at the P atom in the diastereoisomers of (4) and (1) was established by 31P n.m.r. spectroscopy.
Statistical LOR estimation for a high-resolution dMiCE PET detector (2009)

We develop a statistical line of response (LOR) estimator of the three-dimensional interaction positions of a pair of annihilation photons in a PET detector module with depth of interaction capability. The three-dimensional points of interaction of a coincidence pair of photons within the detector module are estimated by calculation of an expectation of the points of interaction conditioned on the signals measured by the photosensors. This conditional expectation is computed from estimates of the probability density function of the light collection process and a model of the kinetics of photon interactions in the detector module. Our algorithm is capable of handling coincidences where each annihilation photon interacts any number of times within the detector module before being completely absorbed or escaping. In the case of multiple interactions, our algorithm estimates the position of the first interaction for each of the coincidence photons. This LOR estimation algorithm is developed for a high-resolution PET detector capable of providing depth-of-interaction information. Depth of interaction is measured by tailoring the light shared between two adjacent detector elements. These light-sharing crystal pairs are referred to as dMiCE and are being developed in our lab. Each detector element in the prototype system has a 2 x 2 mm(2) cross section and is directly coupled to a micro-pixel avalanche photodiode (MAPD). In this set-up, the distribution of the ratio of light shared between two adjacent detector elements can be expressed as a function of the depth of interaction. Monte Carlo experiments are performed using our LOR estimation algorithm and compared with Anger logic. We show that our LOR estimation algorithm provides a significant improvement over Anger logic under a variety of parameters.
Vinylphosphonates in Organic Synthesis (1992)

A variety of functionalized vinylphosphonates were investigated as tools in organic synthesis and their use as synthetic intermediates is also reported. 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of Vinylphosphonates 2.1. Via Oxidative Elimination of Organosulfenyl and Organoselenyl Moieties in α-Sulfenyl-and α-Selenylphosphonates (Method A) 2.2. Via Dehydration of β-Hydroxyethylphosphonates or Condensation of Functionalized Methylphosphonates with Aldehydes (Method B) 2.3. Via Homer-Emmons Reaction, Wittig Reaction, and Peterson Reaction (Method C) 2.4. Via Transition Metal Catalyzed Synthesis (Method D) 2.5. Via Other Synthetic Methods (Method E) 2.6. Summary of Section 2 3. Synthetic Applications 3.1. Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds 3.2. Syntheses of Carbocyclic Compounds 3.3. Synthetic Application to Carbon Homologation Reaction 3.4. Other Synthetic Applications 4. Synthesis and Reactions of Functionalized 1,3-Dienylphosphonates 5. Synthesis and Reactions of Propadienyl and Heteropropadienylphosphonates 6. Synthesis and Reactions of Fluorine-Containing Vinylphosphonates 7. Conclusion
Brachial plexus palsy following a training run with a heavy backpack (2013)

A 23-year-old male British soldier developed a progressive sensory loss and weakness in his right arm during a 12 km training run with a load of approximately 70 kg. There was no recovery of his symptoms within 3 months and both MRI and USS did not demonstrate a site of compression within the brachial plexus. An infraclavicular brachial plexus exploration was performed 11 months after injury that indicated an ischaemic neuropathy with post-injury fibrosis. Injuries of the brachial plexus secondary to carrying a heavy backpack during prolonged periods of exercise are rare, particularly in the infraclavicular region. Cases such as this highlight that training regimens within the military population should be appraised due to the risk of similar injuries occurring.
REMODELING OF Na,K-ATPase, AND MEMBRANE FLUIDITY AFTER ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN SHEEP (2002)

These data are the first evidence for an enhanced Na,K-ATPase beta1-subunit expression in membrane during AF. Membrane rigification represents a new factor of tachycardia-induced atrial remodeling.
Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of an Exopolysaccharide Kefiran Produced by <i>Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens </i>WT-2B<sup>T</sup> (2004)

Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, isolated from kefir grains, produces an extracellular polysaccharide when cultured, not only in PYG10 medium but also in a liquid medium containing a rice hydrolysate that had been previously degraded by treatment with a glucoamylase. The maximum yield of the polysaccharide, using the rice hydrolysate as the medium, was 2.5 g/L after a 7-day culture period at pH 5.0 and 33 degrees C. Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, specific rotation, and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy revealed that the structures of polysaccharides obtained from these two different culture media are essentially identical. The polysaccharide is composed of a hexasaccharide repeating unit and, thus, is known as kefiran. The weight-average molecular weight and the z-average radius of gyration of a sample, purified from the rice hydrolysate medium, were determined to be 7.6 x 10(5) g/mol and 39.9 nm, respectively, by gel permeation chromatography equipped with a multiangle laser-light-scattering photometer. Changes in blood pressure and serum components were examined in SHRSP/Hos rats, using doses of 100 and 300 mg of kefiran/kg of rat. A suppression in the increase in blood pressure was observed in these rats after 30 days. This activity is discussed in terms of the concentration of serum components of the rat, with emphasis on lipid components such as cholesterols, triglycerides, and free fatty acids.
Magnetostriction-driven cantilevers for dynamic atomic force microscopy (2009)

An actuation mode is presented to drive the mechanical oscillation of cantilevers for dynamic atomic force microscopy. The method is based on direct mechanical excitation of the cantilevers coated with amorphous Fe–B–N thin films, by means of the film magnetostriction, i.e., the dimensional change in the film when magnetized. These amorphous magnetostrictive Fe–B–N thin films exhibit soft magnetic properties, excellent corrosion resistance in liquid environments, nearly zero accumulated stress when properly deposited, and good chemical stability. We present low noise and high resolution topographic images acquired in liquid environment to demonstrate the method capability.
Isothiazoles IV: 4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one i‐oxide and 1,1‐dioxides (1971)

Abstract Representative 4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one I‐oxides and I, I‐dioxides have been prepared by the reaction of m ‐chloroperbenzoic acid with the respective 4‐isothiazolin‐3‐ones. Chromic acid, dinitrogen tetroxide, and nitric acid have also been successfully employed in the oxidation of several 3‐hydroxyisothiazoles to their respective I‐oxides.
Ultrasensitive hot-electron kinetic-inductance detectors operating well below the superconducting transition (2002)

While most experimental studies of kinetic-inductance sensors have been limited so far by the temperature range near the superconducting transition, kinetic-inductance detectors can be very sensitive at temperatures well below the transition, where the number of equilibrium quasiparticles is exponentially small. In this regime, a shift of the quasiparticle chemical potential under radiation results in the change of the kinetic inductance. We modeled the noise characteristics of the kinetic-inductance detectors made from disordered superconducting Nb, NbC, and MoRe films. Low-phonon transparency of the interface between the superconductor and the substrate causes substantial retrapping of phonons providing high quantum efficiency and the operating time of ∼1 ms at ≈1 K. Due to the small number of quasiparticles, the noise equivalent power of the detector determined by the quasiparticle generation–recombination noise can be as small as ∼10−19 W/Hz at He4 temperatures.
Molecular Genetics of Photosynthesis (1996)

Abstract Unravelling the molecular details of the reactions that convert solar irradiance into chemical energy during anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis has been a central topic of research in biochemistry and biophysics. More recently molecular genetics has provided a new and powerful tool in this area of research. As in life sciences in general, identifying sequences and mutating genes encoding specific proteins have revealed a vast amount of new knowledge which could not be obtained by the conventional methods of biochemistry. In fact, the tools of molecular genetics have changed the way scientists perform their experiments. For example, the spectacular progress in our understanding of the structure of photosynthetic reaction centres and light-harvesting complexes via protein crystallography would not have occurred without the input of molecular genetics. In eukaryotic cells photosynthetic genes are divided between the plastid and nuclear genomes requiring coordination in their expression coupled with unique transport systems. Moreover, the expression of many genes involved in photosynthesis is regulated by light and this adds an additional level of complexity. Determination of the sequence for the complete plastid DNA was a significant achievement, and in the not too distant future we will see a further development through the sequencing of the genomes of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 and of the higher plant, Arabidopsis.
HIV-1 Tat Induces Unfolded Protein Response and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Astrocytes and Causes Neurotoxicity through Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) Activation and Aggregation (2016)

HIV-1 Tat is a major culprit for HIV/neuroAIDS. One of the consistent hallmarks of HIV/neuroAIDS is reactive astrocytes or astrocytosis, characterized by increased cytoplasmic accumulation of the intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We have shown that that Tat induces GFAP expression in astrocytes and that GFAP activation is indispensable for astrocyte-mediated Tat neurotoxicity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not known. In this study, we showed that Tat expression or GFAP expression led to formation of GFAP aggregates and induction of unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in astrocytes. In addition, we demonstrated that GFAP up-regulation and aggregation in astrocytes were necessary but also sufficient for UPR/ER stress induction in Tat-expressing astrocytes and for astrocyte-mediated Tat neurotoxicity. Importantly, we demonstrated that inhibition of Tat- or GFAP-induced UPR/ER stress by the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate significantly alleviated astrocyte-mediated Tat neurotoxicity in vitro and in the brain of Tat-expressing mice. Taken together, these results show that HIV-1 Tat expression leads to UPR/ER stress in astrocytes, which in turn contributes to astrocyte-mediated Tat neurotoxicity, and raise the possibility of developing HIV/neuroAIDS therapeutics targeted at UPR/ER stress.
Modelling Li-Ion Cell Thermal Runaway Triggered by an Internal Short Circuit Device Using an Efficiency Factor and Arrhenius Formulations (2017)

This paper presents a novel model for analyzing the thermal runaway in Li-ion battery cells with an internal short circuit device implanted in the cell. The model is constructed using Arrhenius formulations for representing the self-heating chemical reactions and the State of Charge. The model accounts for a local short-circuit, which is triggered by the device embedded in the cell windings (jelly roll). The short circuit is modeled by calculating the total available electrical energy and adding an efficiency factor for the conversion of electric energy into thermal energy. The efficiency factor also accounts for the energy vented from the cell. The results show good agreement with the experimental data for two cases – a 0D model and a 3D model of a single cell. Introducing the efficiency factor and simplifying the short-circuit modeling by using an Arrhenius formulation reduces the calculation time and the computational complexity, while providing relevant results about the temperature dynamics. It was found that for an 18650 NCA/graphite cell with a 2.4 Ah capacity, 28% of the electrical energy leaves with the effluent.