gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Landslides for the Improvement of Aquatic Habitat (1989)

Abstract: Chronic surface and mass erosion from recent landslides often prevents the recovery of productive stream habitats following initial mass failure events. Low-cost methods that can accelerate recovery and stabilization processes have been employed on numerous failed slopes in the Six Rivers National Forest in the northwest corner of California, with notable success. Two treatment methods, toe erosion control and revegetation have wide applicability in situations where funding is scarce. There is often an important relationship between the condition of the soils in a watershed and the productivity of its riparian areas and streams. The maintenance and improvement of productive riparian systems is largely a consequence of good soil management. In the steep and
Dysferlin and Animal Models for Dysferlinopathy (2012)

Dysferlin (DYSF) is involved in the membrane-repair process, in the intracellular vesicle system and in T-tubule development in skeletal muscle. It interacts with mitsugumin 53, annexins, caveolin-3, AHNAK, affixin, S100A10, calpain-3, tubulin and dihydropyridine receptor. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy (MM) are muscular dystrophies associated with recessively inherited mutations in the DYSF gene. The diseases are characterized by weakness and muscle atrophy that progress slowly and symmetrically in the proximal muscles of the limb girdles. LGMD2B and MM, which are collectively termed "dysferlinopathy", both lead to abnormalities in vesicle traffic and membrane repair at the plasma membrane in muscle fibers. SJL/J (SJL) and A/J mice are naturally occurring animal models for dysferlinopathy. Since there has been no an approach to therapy for dysferlinopathy, the immediate development of a therapeutic method for this genetic disorder is desirable. The murine models are useful in verification experiments for new therapies and they are valuable tools for identifying factors that accelerate dystrophic changes in skeletal muscle. It could be possible that the genetic or immunological background in SJL or A/J mice could modify muscle damage in experiments involving these models, because SJL and A/J mice show differences in the progress and prevalent sites of skeletal muscle lesions as well as in the gene-expression profiles of their skeletal muscle. In this review, we provide up-to-date information on the function of dysferlin, the development of possible therapies for muscle dystrophies (including dysferlinopathy) and the detection of new therapeutic targets for dysferlinopathy by means of experiments using animal models for dysferlinopathy.
Novel processive and nonprocessive glycosyltransferases from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> synthesize glycoglycerolipids, glycophospholipids, glycosphingolipids and glycosylsterols (2000)

A processive diacylglycerol glucosyltransferase has recently been identified from Bacillus subtilis [Jorasch, P., Wolter, F.P., Zähringer, U., and Heinz, E. (1998) Mol. Microbiol. 29, 419-430]. Now we report the cloning and characterization of two other genes coding for diacylglycerol glycosyltransferases from Staphylococcus aureus and Arabidopsis thaliana; only the S. aureus enzyme shows processivity similar to the B. subtilis enzyme. Both glycosyltransferases characterized in this work show unexpected acceptor specificities. We describe the isolation of the ugt106B1 gene (GenBank accession number Y14370) from the genomic DNA of S. aureus and the ugt81A1 cDNA (GenBank accession number AL031004) from A. thaliana by PCR. After cloning and expression of S. aureus Ugt106B1 in Escherichia coli, SDS/PAGE of total cell extracts showed strong expression of a protein having the predicted size of 44 kDa. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the lipids extracted from the transformed E. coli cells revealed several new glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids not present in the controls. These lipids were purified from lipid extracts of E. coli cells expressing the S. aureus gene and identified by NMR and mass spectrometry as 1, 2-diacyl-3-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol, 1, 2-diacyl-3-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyrano-+ ++syl] -sn-glycerol, 1, 2-diacyl-3-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol, sn-3'-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-phosphatidylglycerol and sn-3'-[O-(6"'-O-acyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1"'-->6")-O-beta-D-gluco pyranosyl]-sn-2'-acyl-phospha-tidylglycerol. A 1, 2-diacyl-3-[O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol was isolated from extracts of E. coli cells expressing the ugt81A1 cDNA from A. thaliana. The enzymatic activities expected to catalyze the synthesis of these compounds were confirmed by in vitro assays with radioactive substrates. Experiments with several of the above described glycolipids as 14C-labeled sugar acceptors and unlabeled UDP-glucose as glucose donor, suggest that the ugt106B1 gene codes for a processive UDP-glucose:1, 2-diacylglycerol-3-beta-D-glucosyltransferase, whereas ugt81A1 codes for a nonprocessive diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase. As shown in additional assays with different lipophilic acceptors, both enzymes use diacylglycerol and ceramide, but Ugt106B1 also accepts glucosyl ceramide as well as cholesterol and cholesterol glucoside as sugar acceptors.
GM-CSF and its effects on replication of HIV-1 in cells of macrophage lineage (1997)

Abstract Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hemopoetic growth factor that is a member of the four-helix bundle family of cytokines and growth factors. It regulates the proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes and cells of macrophage lineage from bone marrow progenitor cells, mediating these activities through binding to its receptor. Most studies examining the effects of GM-CSF on HIV-1 replication in primary monocytes and macrophages, and in related cell lines, have demonstrated augmentation of HIV-1 expression in vitro, although some reports have been at variance with these findings. These laboratory-based observations have been confirmed in limited clinical trials. This review outlines the details of these studies and considers mechanisms by which GM-CSF may exert its effects on cells of this lineage.
Superheating systematics of crystalline solids (2003)

Systematics of superheating (θ=T/Tm−1) of crystalline solids as a function of heating rate (Q) are established as β=A(Q)(θ+1)θ2, where the normalized energy barrier for homogeneous nucleation is β=16πγsl3/(3kTmΔHm2), T is temperature, Tm melting temperature, A a Q-dependent parameter, γsl interfacial energy, ΔHm heat of fusion, and k Boltzmann’s constant. For all elements and compounds investigated, β varies between 0.2 and 8.2. At 1 and 1012 K/s, A=60 and 31, θ=0.05–0.35 and 0.06–0.45, respectively. Significant superheating is achievable via ultrafast heating. We demonstrate that the degree of superheating achieved in shock-wave loading and intense laser irradiation as well as in molecular dynamics simulations (Q∼1012 K/s) agrees with the θ–β–Q systematics.
Temperature and Isotopic Mass Dependence of the Direct Band Gap in Semiconductors: LCAO Calculations (2000)

Using perturbation theory, within a tight-binding (LCAO) approach, we have calculated the effects of electron–phonon interaction on the lowest direct band gap of Ge, GaAs and ZnSe. The agreement of the calculated temperature coefficient with experimental data is satisfactory. Following our approach, we have also calculated the dependence of the direct band gap on isotopic mass. The results are in close agreement with the experimental data.
The Genome Sequence of the Obligately Chemolithoautotrophic, Facultatively Anaerobic Bacterium <i>Thiobacillus denitrificans</i> (2006)

The complete genome sequence of Thiobacillus denitrificans ATCC 25259 is the first to become available for an obligately chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-compound-oxidizing, beta-proteobacterium. Analysis of the 2,909,809-bp genome will facilitate our molecular and biochemical understanding of the unusual metabolic repertoire of this bacterium, including its ability to couple denitrification to sulfur-compound oxidation, to catalyze anaerobic, nitrate-dependent oxidation of Fe(II) and U(IV), and to oxidize mineral electron donors. Notable genomic features include (i) genes encoding c-type cytochromes totaling 1 to 2 percent of the genome, which is a proportion greater than for almost all bacterial and archaeal species sequenced to date, (ii) genes encoding two [NiFe]hydrogenases, which is particularly significant because no information on hydrogenases has previously been reported for T. denitrificans and hydrogen oxidation appears to be critical for anaerobic U(IV) oxidation by this species, (iii) a diverse complement of more than 50 genes associated with sulfur-compound oxidation (including sox genes, dsr genes, and genes associated with the AMP-dependent oxidation of sulfite to sulfate), some of which occur in multiple (up to eight) copies, (iv) a relatively large number of genes associated with inorganic ion transport and heavy metal resistance, and (v) a paucity of genes encoding organic-compound transporters, commensurate with obligate chemolithoautotrophy. Ultimately, the genome sequence of T. denitrificans will enable elucidation of the mechanisms of aerobic and anaerobic sulfur-compound oxidation by beta-proteobacteria and will help reveal the molecular basis of this organism's role in major biogeochemical cycles (i.e., those involving sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon) and groundwater restoration.
X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopic analysis of surface treatments and electrochemical decomposition of CuInSe2 photoelectrodes (1985)

CuInSe2 photoanodes can be optimized for use in electrochemical photovoltaic cells, containing aqueous polyiodide as the electrolyte, by wet chemical etching in Br2MeOH and subsequent thermal treatment (air oxidation). Surface analyses show the formation of a rather clean, Cu-depleted surface with some adsorbed oxygen after Br2/MeOH etch, and the formation of indium-oxygen bonds after thermal treatment, in accordance with previous studies that show indium oxides to be the native ones on this semiconductor. Samples that underwent photoanodic decomposition in the iodide electrolyte and those that were purposely decomposed in acetonitrile showed severe to near-total Cu depletion near their surface and the presence of lower valent Se. These data complement those from solution analyses and from electrochemical studies, to characterize the preferred decomposition path of CuInSe2 sufficiently to stabilize this type of photoelectrochemical cell. Our conclusions are based on the use of Auger parameters and, to a lesser extent, on empirical comparison of x-ray induced Auger electron line shapes, because of the difficulty in extracting unambiguous conclusions from x-ray photoelectron binding energies only.
Cholesterol is required in the exit pathway of Semliki Forest virus. (1993)

The enveloped alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infects cells via a membrane fusion reaction triggered by low pH. For fusion to occur cholesterol is required in the target membrane, as demonstrated both in in vitro fusion assays and in vivo for virus infection of a host cell. In this paper we examine the role of cholesterol in postfusion events in the SFV life cycle. Cholesterol-depleted insect cells were transfected with SFV RNA or infected at very high multiplicities to circumvent the fusion block caused by the absence of cholesterol. Under these conditions, the viral spike proteins were synthesized and transported to the site of p62 cleavage with normal kinetics. Surprisingly, the subsequent exit of virus particles was dramatically slowed compared to cholesterol-containing cells. The inhibition of virus production could be reversed by the addition of cholesterol to depleted cells. In contrast to results with SFV, no cholesterol requirement for virus exit was observed for the production of either the unrelated vesicular stomatitis virus or a cholesterol-independent SFV fusion mutant. Thus, cholesterol was only critical in the exit pathway of viruses that also require cholesterol for fusion. These results demonstrate a specific and unexpected lipid requirement in virus exit, and suggest that in addition to its role in fusion, cholesterol is involved in the assembly or budding of SFV.
Myocardial infarction: part 1 (2001)

Informed nursing care is crucial in effective treatment and rehabilitation of the patient following MI. The National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease should be integrated into nursing practice.
Towards virtual laboratories: a survey of labview-based teaching/learning tools and future trends (2000)

The computer technology and the Internet have the potential to provide a highly interactive and powerful learning environment for engineering disciplines. Many academic courses that teach engineering subjects have already begun incorporating virtual instruments as teaching and measuring tools for student use. This paper reports some of the LabVIEW software applications. The paper aims to provide some background knowledge about the tools and to show alternative delivery methods, which may change the traditional practices. The main focus in the paper is given to the common problems (such as user friendliness, cost and compatibility) faced by the institutions and the educators, and it provides some guidance for the selection of the most suitable tools required. Finally, the paper contemplates the future trends and provides some discussion.
Visual Dysfunctions and Symptoms During the Subacute Stage of Blast-Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2012)

The purpose of the present study was to assess the occurrence of visual dysfunctions and associated symptoms in active duty warfighters during the subacute stage of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). A comprehensive visual and oculomotor function evaluation was performed on 40 U.S. military personnel, 20 with blast-induced mTBI and 20 without. In addition, a comprehensive symptom questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of visual, vestibular, and neuropsychiatric-associated symptoms. The most common mTBI-induced visual dysfunctions were associated with near oculomotor deficits, particularly large exophoria, decreased fusion ranges, receded near point of convergence, defective pursuit and saccadic eye movements, decreased amplitude of accommodation, and monocular accommodative facility. These were associated with reduced reading speed and comprehension and an increased Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey score. Photosensitivity was a common visual dysfunction along with hearing, balance, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The oculomotor testing for warfighters suspected of blast-induced mTBI should include, at a minimum, the assessment of near lateral and vertical phorias, positive fusional vergence, stereoacuity, near point of convergence, amplitude of accommodation, monocular accommodative facility, saccades, and pursuit eye movements. A reading test should be included in all routine exams as a functional assessment of the integration of oculomotor functions.
Modeling, calibration, and rendition of color logarithmic CMOS image sensors (2003)

Logarithmic CMOS image sensors encode a high dynamic range scene in a manner that roughly approximates human perception whereas linear sensors with equivalent quantization suffer from saturation or loss of detail. Moreover, the continuous response of logarithmic pixels permit high frame rates and random access, features that are useful in motion detection. This paper describes how to model, calibrate, and render pixel responses from a color logarithmic sensor into a standard color space. The work unifies color theory in conventional linear sensors and fixed pattern noise theory in monochromatic logarithmic sensors. Experiments with a Fuga 15RGB sensor demonstrate calibration and rendition using a Macbeth chart and neutral density filters. Color rendition of the sensor with an empirical model, tested over three decades of dynamic range, competes with conventional digital cameras, tested over 1.5 decades. Photodiode leakage currents complicate modeling and calibration and degrade rendition in dim lighting.
Ethylene Polymerization Using Discrete Nickel(II) Iminophosphonamide Complexes (2006)

The syntheses and structures of the discrete (π-allyl)nickel iminophosphonamide (PN2) complexes 2a−d from the reaction of (π-allyl)nickel bromide and the corresponding PN2 ligands 3a,b or from the reaction of (π-allyl)2Ni and phosphorane 1 are reported. Complexes 2a,b are characterized by having long Ni−N distances coupled with an acute bite angle for the PN2 ligand. The π-allyl ligands in complexes 2a−d are not fluxional on the NMR time scale at room temperature, although chemical exchange between the isomeric complexes 2c,d occurs via PN2 ligand reorientation. Purified complexes 2a−d are not active for ethylene polymerization; it is only when complexes 2c,d are generated in situ in the presence of monomer that high-Mw branched poly(ethylene) is formed. A variety of indirect evidence suggests that the active catalyst arises from the reaction of Ni(0)−alkene complexes with phosphorane 1, either preformed or generated in situ through decomposition of (π-allyl)2Ni. A bona fide PN2NiPh(PPh3) complex, 5, was prepared from NiPh(PPh3)2Br and the PN2 ligand 3a and was structurally characterized. This complex is active for 1-hexene isomerization in the absence of an activator. During hexene isomerization, variable amounts of the paramagnetic bis(PN2) complex 4 are produced along with ligand 3a. In addition, the fluxional intermediate 6, containing both a PN2 ligand and coordinated PPh3, is present during catalysis. Reaction of 5 with an equimolar amount of propene provides α-methylstyrene, the product of 1,2-insertion followed by β-H elimination. Complex 5 is not effective for polymerization or oligomerization of ethylene under a variety of conditions. The reactions of complex 5 with various phosphine scavengers were studied, and of these only Rh(acac)(C2H4)2 is both effective and selective for PPh3. Hard Lewis acids, including AlMe3, B(C6F5)3, and PMAO, have a pronounced tendency toward abstraction of the PN2 or other anionic ligands in these unhindered complexes. All of the complexes reported in this paper are extremely active for ethylene dimerization in the presence of PMAO. In the presence of stoichiometric Rh(I), complex 5 rapidly isomerizes 1-hexene and in the presence of ethylene produces branched PE oligomers at modest activity.
Isolation and Properties of Poliovirus Minus Strand Ribonucleic Acid (1970)

Poliovirus minus strands were purified from double-stranded polio ribonucleic acid. The minus strands have a base ratio complementary to that of the viral ribonucleic acid and are not infectious.
Characteristic genome rearrangements in experimental evolution of <i>Saccharomyces</i> <i>cerevisiae</i> (2002)

Genome rearrangements, especially amplifications and deletions, have regularly been observed as responses to sustained application of the same strong selective pressure in microbial populations growing in continuous culture. We studied eight strains of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) isolated after 100-500 generations of growth in glucose-limited chemostats. Changes in DNA copy number were assessed at single-gene resolution by using DNA microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization. Six of these evolved strains were aneuploid as the result of gross chromosomal rearrangements. Most of the aneuploid regions were the result of translocations, including three instances of a shared breakpoint on chromosome 14 immediately adjacent to CIT1, which encodes the citrate synthase that performs a key regulated step in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Three strains had amplifications in a region of chromosome 4 that includes the high-affinity hexose transporters; one of these also had the aforementioned chromosome 14 break. Three strains had extensive overlapping deletions of the right arm of chromosome 15. Further analysis showed that each of these genome rearrangements was bounded by transposon-related sequences at the breakpoints. The observation of repeated, independent, but nevertheless very similar, chromosomal rearrangements in response to persistent selection of growing cells parallels the genome rearrangements that characteristically accompany tumor progression.
THE DIPOLE MOMENTS AND STRUCTURE OF 2-NITRIMINOIMIDAZOLIDINE AND “1-NITRO-2-NITRAMINO-Δ<sup>2</sup>-IMIDAZOLINE” (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE DIPOLE MOMENTS AND STRUCTURE OF 2-NITRIMINOIMIDAZOLIDINE AND "1-NITRO-2-NITRAMINO-Δ2-IMIDAZOLINE"W. D. KUMLERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1953, 18, 6, 676–679Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01134a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01134a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solution purification by ion exchange or solvent extraction (1971)

The subject of solution purification using ion exchange or solvent extraction as techniques in hydrometallurgical processing is described. No attempt has been made to cover the many theoretical aspects, but rather to provide an adequate background of information and references useful to those contemplating industrial processing. Among the items covered are the techniques, reagents, equipment, processing costs, and selected extraction systems.