gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security automation considered harmful? (2008)

End-users are often perceived as the weakest link in information security. Because of this perception, a growing body of research and commercial activity is focused on automated approaches to security. With these approaches, security decisions are removed from the hands of the users, and are placed instead in systems themselves, or in remote services or organizations that establish policies that are automatically enforced. We contend that although security automation is potentially beneficial in theory, in practice it is not a panacea for end-user information security. A number of technical and social factors mitigate against the acceptance and efficacy of automated end-user security solutions in many cases. In this paper, we present a discussion of the inherent limitations of automating security for end-users. We then discuss a set of design guidelines for choosing whether to automate end-user security systems. We conclude with a set of research directions focused on increasing the acceptance and efficacy of security solutions for end-users.
Locality vs. criticality (2002)

Current memory hierarchies exploit locality of references to reduce load latency and thereby improve processor performance. Locality based schemes aim at reducing the number of cache misses and tend to ignore the nature of misses. This leads to a potential mis-match between load latency requirements and latencies realized using a traditional memory system. To bridge this gap, we partition loads as critical and non-critical. A load that needs to complete early to prevent processor stalls is classified as critical, while a load that can tolerate a long latency is considered non-critical.
Studies of Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors. Report 13: Solid Cancer and Noncancer Disease Mortality: 1950–1997 (2003)

This continues the series of general reports on mortality in the cohort of atomic bomb survivors followed up by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. This cohort includes 86,572 people with individual dose estimates, 60% of whom have doses of at least 5 mSv. We consider mortality for solid cancer and for noncancer diseases with 7 additional years of follow-up. There have been 9,335 deaths from solid cancer and 31,881 deaths from noncancer diseases during the 47-year follow-up. Of these, 19% of the solid cancer and 15% of the noncancer deaths occurred during the latest 7 years. We estimate that about 440 (5%) of the solid cancer deaths and 250 (0.8%) of the noncancer deaths were associated with the radiation exposure. The excess solid cancer risks appear to be linear in dose even for doses in the 0 to 150-mSv range. While excess rates for radiation-related cancers increase throughout the study period, a new finding is that relative risks decline with increasing attained age, as well as being highest for those exposed as children as noted previously. A useful representative value is that for those exposed at age 30 the solid cancer risk is elevated by 47% per sievert at age 70. There is no significant city difference in either the relative or absolute excess solid cancer risk. Site-specific analyses highlight the difficulties, and need for caution, in distinguishing between site-specific relative risks. These analyses also provide insight into the difficulties in interpretation and generalization of LSS estimates of age-at-exposure effects. The evidence for radiation effects on noncancer mortality remains strong, with risks elevated by about 14% per sievert during the last 30 years of follow-up. Statistically significant increases are seen for heart disease, stroke, digestive diseases, and respiratory diseases. The noncancer data are consistent with some non-linearity in the dose response owing to the substantial uncertainties in the data. There is no direct evidence of radiation effects for doses less than about 0.5 Sv. While there are no statistically significant variations in noncancer relative risks with age, age at exposure, or sex, the estimated effects are comparable to those seen for cancer. Lifetime risk summaries are used to examine uncertainties of the LSS noncancer disease findings.
Anti-Staphylococcal Humoral Immune Response in Persistent Nasal Carriers and Noncarriers of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2009)

Antibodies to TSST-1 have a neutralizing capacity, and median levels of antibodies to TSST-1, SEA, ClfA, and ClfB are higher in persistent carriers than in noncarriers. These antibodies might be associated with the differences in the risk and outcome of S. aureus infections between nasal carriers and noncarriers.
Environmental antigen-induced IL-13 responses are elevated among subjects with allergic rhinitis, are independent of IL-4, and are inhibited by endogenous IFN-gamma synthesis. (1998)

Human immediate hypersensitivity diseases represent the most common example of chronic excessive Th2-like activation in developed nations. While IL-13 shares many functional properties with IL-4, the intensity and regulation of environmental Ag-stimulated IL-13 synthesis by allergic vs nonallergic individuals remain ill defined. Here, we examine the intensity of polyclonally and Ag-stimulated IL-13 production by PBMC of 20 subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis and 20 healthy controls. Polyclonally driven IL-13 responses did not differ significantly (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.68). In contrast, the median CD4-dependent IL-13 response among atopics was markedly stronger than nonatopics in Ag-stimulated primary culture (p = 0.0031) and exhibited a strong correlation with IL-5 (r = 0.76, p = 0.0009), but not IL-4 (r = 0.14, p > 0.05), responses. IL-13 production was unaffected by blocking endogenous IL-4 or IL-5 activity or by addition of rIL-4 or rIL-5. In contrast, it was inhibited by low levels of rIFN-gamma and strongly enhanced upon addition of neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma mAb. Collectively, the data are consistent with a negative regulatory role for endogenous IFN-gamma synthesis in controlling the intensity of systemic IL-13 responses evoked in both atopic and nonatopic populations following exposure to common Ags. They also suggest that the elevated levels of IL-4 and IL-5 characteristic of type 2-dominated responses in vivo are without detectable impact on the maintenance of recall Ag-stimulated IL-13 production.
A new video signal processor for high-end professional LaserVision CD video players (1988)

An integrated circuit (IC) is described that is designed to process the signal from the photodiode in a LaserVision or compact disk (CD) video player directly into a CVBS signal suitable for a color TV receiver. The bipolar IC requires about 45 mA from a 5 V supply and incorporates the following features: modulation transfer function (MTF) compensation, de-emphasis, dropout compensation, noise reduction, separation of signals for timing control, picture insertion, a data slicer, and a NTSC/PAL system selector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antibacterial oxazolidinones: emerging structure–toxicity relationships (2010)

The oxazolidinones are an important class of synthetic bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors with activity against Gram-positive and some fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. Key toxicological issues with the class include reversible inhibition of monoamine oxidase enzymes and reversible myelosuppression that can occur in patients treated for longer than the recommended course of therapy. Recent studies have uncovered the likely molecular mechanism underlying oxazolidinone-related myelosuppression and other toxicities, and these will be discussed here. Also reviewed are recent reports of structural modifications that can attenuate one or more of the undesired effects of oxazolidinones, while retaining the desired antibacterial effect.
Tuberculosis in nonhuman primates as a threat to humans. (1978)

Nonhuman primates are used in many laboratories either as modest systems for studies of disease processes or as a source of these tissues for cell culture and vaccine production. Much too frequently, the health of these donor animals is taken for granted, although T.B. testing is one of the few procedures routinely performed. In spite of this screening, outbreaks of T.B. among various simian species are still sufficiently commonplace to make maintenance and use of these animals a continuing source of danger to the human population. Development of rampant fatal tuberculosis in established colony animals (chimpanzees, baboons, others) previously tested as tuberculin negative suggests the need for continuing monitoring as well as extreme caution in handling of these animals, especially at necropsy. Further, use of complete Freund's adjuvant or isoniazid either experimentally or therapeutically will obscure the interpretation of the skin test. Present lack of concern by many investigators for biohazards associated with use of nonhuman primates makes the problem of laboratory-associated infections a major source of concern. Positive conversion of animal handlers has occurred a sufficient number of times to make development of tuberculosis in a colony of animals a matter of more than academic interest.
Multidimensional de-aliased Cadzow reconstruction of seismic records (2012)

We introduce a strategy for beyond-alias interpolation of seismic volumes that uses the Cadzow method. A Hankel matrix is obtained from the spatial samples of low frequency data in the (f-x) domain. To perform interpolation at a given frequency, the spatial samples are interlaced with zero samples and another Hankel matrix is built from the zero-interlaced data. Next, the rank-reduced eigenstate of the Hankel matrix at low frequencies is used for beyond-alias conditioning of the Hankel matrix at a given frequency. Finally, anti-diagonal averaging of the rank-reduced Hankel matrix gives the final interpolated data. Also, the multidimensional extension of the proposed algorithm is explained. Synthetic and real data examples are provided to examine the performance of the proposed interpolation method.
Temporal sequences and chaos in neural nets (1988)

Exact deterministic equations for the evolution of temporal sequences with a delay stabilization and heat-bath dynamics are derived. The temperature may be arbitrary and both parallel and sequential updating are allowed. The equations display limit-cycle oscillations with a broad diversity of waveforms. For exponential delay it is shown how an increase of the transition amplitude leads to local chaos.
Computer-Aided Classification of Gastrointestinal Lesions in Regular Colonoscopy (2016)

We have developed a technique to study how good computers can be at diagnosing gastrointestinal lesions from regular (white light and narrow banded) colonoscopic videos compared to two levels of clinical knowledge (expert and beginner). Our technique includes a novel tissue classification approach which may save clinician's time by avoiding chromoendoscopy, a time-consuming staining procedure using indigo carmine. Our technique also discriminates the severity of individual lesions in patients with many polyps, so that the gastroenterologist can directly focus on those requiring polypectomy. Technically, we have designed and developed a framework combining machine learning and computer vision algorithms, which performs a virtual biopsy of hyperplastic lesions, serrated adenomas and adenomas. Serrated adenomas are very difficult to classify due to their mixed/hybrid nature and recent studies indicate that they can lead to colorectal cancer through the alternate serrated pathway. Our approach is the first step to avoid systematic biopsy for suspected hyperplastic tissues. We also propose a database of colonoscopic videos showing gastrointestinal lesions with ground truth collected from both expert image inspection and histology. We not only compare our system with the expert predictions, but we also study if the use of 3D shape features improves classification accuracy, and compare our technique's performance with three competitor methods.
Fundamental tradeoff between computation and communication in distributed computing (2016)

We introduce a general distributed computing framework, motivated by commonly used structures like MapReduce, and formulate an information-theoretic tradeoff between computation and communication in such a framework. We characterize the optimal tradeoff to within a constant factor, for all system parameters. In particular, we propose a coded scheme, namely “Coded MapReduce” (CMR), which creates and exploits coding opportunities in data shuffling for distributed computing, reducing the communication load by a factor that is linearly proportional to the computation load. We then prove a lower bound on the minimum communication load, and demonstrate that CMR achieves this lower bound to within a constant factor. This result reveals a fundamental connection between computation and communication in distributed computing - the two are inverse-linearly proportional to each other.
A biomechanical assessment of superior shoulder translation after reconstruction of anterior glenoid bone defects: The Latarjet procedure versus allograft reconstruction (2013)

The choice of technique for glenoid bone loss reconstruction has implications on the magnitude of superior humeral translation. This previously unknown effect requires further study to determine its clinical and kinematic outcomes.
Sb-Se-based phase-change memory device with lower power and higher speed operations (2006)

A phase-change material of Sb/sub 65/Se/sub 35/ was newly proposed for the nonvolatile memory applications. The fabricated phase-change memory device using Sb/sub 65/Se/sub 35/ showed a good electrical threshold switching characteristic in the dc current-voltage (I-V) measurement. The programming time for set operation of the memory device decreased from 1 μs to 250 ns when Sb/sub 65/Se/sub 35/ was introduced in place of the conventionally employed Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> (GST). The reset current of Sb/sub 65/Se/sub 35/ device also dramatically reduced from 15 mA to 1.6 mA, compared with that of GST device. These results are attributed to the low melting temperature and high crystallization speed of Sb/sub 65/Se/sub 35/ and will contribute to lower power and higher speed operations of a phase-change nonvolatile memory.
Driving vertical phase separation in a bulk-heterojunction by inserting a poly(3-hexylthiophene) layer for highly efficient organic solar cells (2011)

A desirable vertical phase separation of a bulk-heterojunction was achieved by inserting a P3HT layer between the blend layer and the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layer. According to the high (PEDOT:PSS) and low (P3HT) surface energies of substrate, it might be possible to modulate the vertical phase separation in the bulk-heterojunction. The result of vertical phase separation was determined using time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectroscopy analysis. A controlled thickness of 50 nm for the inserted P3HT layer prevented undesirable light absorption and the power conversion efficiency of this condition was increased by 44% compared to that of a reference device.
Augmentation of Rabbit Posterolateral Spondylodesis Using a Novel Demineralized Bone Matrix-Hyaluronan Putty (2003)

Allogeneic demineralized bone matrix-hyaluronan putty enhances rabbit posterolateral spine fusion when used as an adjunct to autogenous bone graft. This new formulation of demineralized bone matrix may facilitate greater bone formation and successful fusion.
Formulation of Disperse Systems: Science and Technology (2014)

This book presents comprehensively the science and technology behind the formulation of disperse systems like emulsions, suspensions, foams and others. Starting with a general introduction, the book covers a broad range of topics like the role of different classes of surfactants, stability of disperse systems, formulation of different dispersions, evaluation of formulations and many more. Many examples are included, too. Written by the experienced author and editor Tharwart Tadros, this book is indispensable for every scientist working in the field.
Association of a RAPD marker with linolenic acid concentration in the seed oil of rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) (1995)

The F2 progeny (64 individuals) from the cross between oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivar Topas and R4 (a low linolenic mutation line) was analyzed with 8 RFLPs and 34 RAPDs to discover a genetic tag for gene(s) affecting linolenic acid concentration. According to variance analysis (ANOVA), one RAPD marker (25a) was significantly associated with linolenic acid content; the linolenic acid concentration in the seeds of F2 individuals showing the marker (includes both homo- and hetero-zygotes) was 7.43 +/- 1.35% and in those lacking the marker was 5.70 +/- 1.52%. Marker 25a may be used to facilitate selection for fatty acid composition in future breeding programs of oilseed rape.
Preclinical pharmacokinetics, absolute oral bioavailability and anti-cancer activity of VN/14-1 in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells (2007)

C43 VN/14-1 is a novel retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent (RAMBA) in development for the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. VN/14-1 has been shown to be effective in letrozole resistant breast cancer cells as well as a number of other breast carcinoma cell lines. The objective of this study was to further explore the anti-cancer potential of VN/14-1, in an in vitro and in vivo model of prostate cancer. In order to pursue further development of VN/14-1 we also determined its oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in rats. Effects of VN/14-1 were studied in hormone refractory human PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells. VN/14-1 was a potent inhibitor of PC-3 cell viability (IC 50 14.1 μM). Immunofluorescent staining with γ-H2AX revealed that VN/14-1 induced DNA damage in these cells. Treatment of PC-3 cells with AGN193109, a pan-RAR (retinoic acid receptor) antagonist revealed that VN/14-1 does not exert its effects via the RARs. In vivo , VN/14-1 significantly decreased tumor growth in a dose dependent manner in male SCID mice with PC-3 xenograft upon once daily subcutaneous administration. A dose of 5 mg/kg resulted in a 33% decrease and a 10 mg/kg dose resulted in a 50% decrease in tumor volume.  Absolute oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of VN/14-1 was investigated in carotid cannulated SD rats upon a single oral (p.o.) or intravenous (i.v.) dose of 20 mg/kg. Serial blood samples were collected post dose with VN/14-1 and plasma VN/14-1 was quantitatively determined using a HPLC method with UV detection. VN/14-1 was rapidly absorbed upon p.o. administration reaching peak plasma concentration (C max ) within 0.5 h. Oral bioavailability of VN/14-1 was greater than 100%. C max obtained upon p.o. and i.v. dosing was 38.2 μg/mL (104.28 μM) and 107.3 μg/mL (292.93 μM), respectively. VN/14-1 was rapidly eliminated upon administration, displaying a short elimination half life of 1.41 h and 0.98 h upon p.o. and i.v. administration, respectively. Our results indicate that VN/14-1 is a potent anti-prostate cancer agent. Pharmacokinetic evaluation showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for VN/14-1 with good oral absorption and a high oral bioavailability indicating potential for development as an oral (preferred dosing route in patients) anticancer agent. Our results also indicate that further in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluations should be carried out with p.o. dosing of VN/14-1. Overall these results support further clinical development of VN/4-1 as a potential oral agent for the treatment of prostate and breast cancer.
Parathyroid hormone activates adhesion in bone marrow stromal precursor cells (2004)

The ability of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to enhance bone formation has recently been exploited in the treatment of osteoporosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells, derive from multipotential bone marrow stromal precursors called colony-forming units-fibroblastic (CFU-F) upon culture ex vivo. Adhesion of such stromal precursors to bone is likely to be an early event in the anabolic response of bone to PTH. To test this, we measured the number of CFU-F that could be extracted from murine bone marrow after administration of an anabolic dose of PTH. We found that a very early response is a dramatic reduction, starting within 2 h, in the number of CFU-F that could be extracted from their bone marrow. We then tested whether PTH has the ability to activate adhesion of CFU-F in vitro. For this, bone marrow cells were incubated in PTH for varying times. Non-adherent cells were then removed, and the adherent cells were incubated in PTH-free medium for 14 days to assess, as colony formation, the number of CFU-F that had adhered in the preceding period. We found that incubation in PTH caused a substantial increase in the number of CFU-F that adhered within 24 h. This increase was abrogated by peptidic inhibitors of integrins. The increase did not seem to be mediated through a PTH-induced increase in interleukin-6, since interleukin-6 had no effect on CFU-F numbers when substituted for PTH. Similarly, adhesion was unaffected by incubation of bone marrow cells in dibutyryl cyclic AMP, nor by inhibitors or donors of nitric oxide. However, activation of CFU-F in vitro by PTH was strongly inhibited by indomethacin and mimicked by prostaglandin E(2), and indomethacin reversed the PTH-mediated reduction of CFU-F that could be extracted from mouse bone marrow. These results suggested that PTH rapidly activates adhesion of CFU-F to plastic or bone surfaces. This activation may represent an early event in the anabolic response of bone cells to PTH.
Interest Management in Large-Scale Virtual Environments (2000)

Large-scale distributed simulations model the activities of thousands of entities interacting in a virtual environment simulated over wide-area networks. Originally these systems used protocols that dictated that all entities broadcast messages about all activities, including remaining immobile or inactive, to all other entities, resulting in an explosion of incoming messages for all entities, most of which were of no interest. Using a filtering mechanism called interest management, some of these systems now allow entities to express interest in only the subset of information that is relevant to them. This paper surveys ten such systems, describing the purpose of the system, its scope, and the salient characteristics of its interest management scheme. We present the first taxonomy for such systems and classify the ten systems according to the taxonomy. The analysis of the classification reveals the fundamental nature of interest management and points to potential areas of research.
Synthesis of Colloidal Crystals of Controllable Thickness through the Langmuir−Blodgett Technique (2003)

Colloidal crystals of various thicknesses were obtained using silica particles as basic units and the Langmuir−Blodgett technique as a tool for controlling the thickness. Submicronic silica particles are first synthesized via a sol−gel process and then functionalized with an appropriate coupling agent. After compression at the surface of a Langmuir trough to form a well-organized two-dimensional array, silica particles are transferred onto solid substrates. While repeating the transfer several times, we formed colloidal crystals that were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and UV−visible−NIR spectroscopies. Both techniques show that the sample thickness can be controlled at the layer level whereas the overall crystal quality should be good enough for use in several applications.
Mode of Dress as a Perceptual Cue to Deference (1978)

"Mode of Dress as a Perceptual Cue to Deference." The Journal of Social Psychology, 104(1), pp. 139–140