gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GNSS Location Verification in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Using in-Vehicle Multimodal Sensor Data Fusion (2020)

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) rely on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), e.g., the Global Positioning System (GPS), for the provision of accurate location information for various functionalities including Vehicle-to-Vehicle/Infrastructure (V2V/V2I) communication and self-navigation. However, GNSS-based location awareness is prone to spoofing attacks, where the attacker generates counterfeit satellite signals. This in turn poses a serious threat to the CAV, e.g., car, drone, etc., as well as the surrounding entities. Thus, this threat needs to be detected reliably and mitigated timely to prevent undesired consequences (e.g., damages, casualties, etc.). To this end, this work proposes a location verification solution that leverages in-vehicle sensor readings (e.g., accelerometer, etc.) and Signals of Opportunity (SoO), as an alternative source of location information. In particular, the multimodal sensor data with SoO location measurements are fused by means of a Kalman filter and the estimated fusion-based location is used to verify the location output of the GPS receiver. In case the GPS location deviates considerably from the fusion-based location, then a location spoofing attack is ascertained. Preliminary experimental results with real GPS and sensor data collected with a drone demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Structural Analysis of Aberrant Chromosomes That Occur Spontaneously in Diploid <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: Retrotransposon Ty1 Plays a Crucial Role in Chromosomal Rearrangements (2002)

The structural analysis of aberrant chromosomes is important for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying chromosomal rearrangements. We have identified a number of diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae clones that have undergone loss of heterozygosity (LOH) leading to functional inactivation of the hemizygous URA3 marker placed on the right arm of chromosome III. Aberrant-sized chromosomes derived from chromosome III were detected in approximately 8% of LOH clones. Here, we have analyzed the structure of the aberrant chromosomes in 45 LOH clones with a PCR-based method that determines the ploidy of a series of loci on chromosome III. The alterations included various deletions and amplifications. Sequencing of the junctions revealed that all the breakpoints had been made within repeat sequences in the yeast genome, namely, MAT-HMR, which resulted in intrachromosomal deletion, and retrotransposon Ty1 elements, which were involved in various translocations. Although the translocations involved different breakpoints on different chromosomes, all breakpoints were exclusively within Ty1 elements. Some of the resulting Ty1 elements left at the breakpoints had a complex construction that indicated the involvement of other Ty1 elements not present at the parental breakpoints. These indicate that Ty1 elements are crucially involved in the generation of chromosomal rearrangements in diploid yeast cells.
Noninvasive Measurement of Rodent Intraocular Pressure with a Rebound Tonometer (2005)

The rebound tonometer was easy to use and accurately measured IOP in rats and mice. This technique, together with advances in genetic and other biological studies in rodents, will be valuable in the further understanding of the etiology and pathology of glaucoma.
Effect of the degree of supersaturation upon apparent partition coefficients of lead and strontium ions between BaSO4 and aqueous solution. (1983)

Apparent partition coefficients of lead and strontium between barium sulfate and aqueous solution were determined under various conditions changing temperatures, chloride concentrations and degrees of supersaturation of the solution with respect to BaSO4.It was found that the apparent partition coefficients of lead and strontium are largely controlled by the degree of supersaturation of aqueous solution with BaSO4 as well as temperature and chloride concentration.The coefficients for lead ranged from 0.034 to 0.22 when initial solutions contain 0.004 mole/1 to 0.00025 mole/1 of barium plus lead ions in BaSO4–PbSO4 binary series. In the BaSO4–PbSO4–SrSO4 ternary series, the coefficients for lead were from about 0.1 to 0.6 when the total cations in the initial solution changed from 0.0024 mole/1 to 0.0006 mole/1 and 0.05 to 0.15 with 0.05 mole/1 chloride ion. The values for strontium are from 4.1×10−3 to 1.5×10−2 with the same change of the total cation concentration in the solution.These experimental results were consistent with the partition of lead and strontium between Tamagawa Hot Spring water and hokutolite when the coefficients are related with barium and sulfate concentration in the solution.
Computer-aided design for DNA self-assembly: process and applications (2005)

CAD plays a fundamental role in both top-down and bottom-up system fabrication. This paper presents a bottom-up circuit patterning process based on DNA self-assembly. The process is described in terms of the design tool requirements and the new opportunities that self-assembly creates for circuit designers. The paper also connects recent demonstrations of addressable self-assembly to applications in computer architecture and system design.
Snake venom components enhance pain upon subcutaneous injection: an initial examination of spinal cord mediators (2004)

Snakebites are a relevant public health problem in Central and South America. Snake bite envenomations cause intense pain, not relieved by anti-venom. The fangs of many species are short, causing subcutaneous injection. Fangs of larger species inflict subcutaneous or intramuscular envenomation. To understand pain induced by subcutaneous venom, this study examined spinal mechanisms involved in pain-enhancing effects of subcutaneous Lys49 and Asp49 secretory phospholipase-A(2) (sPLA2), two components of Bothrops asper snake venom showing highly different enzymatic activities. Unilateral intraplantar sPLA2-Lys49 (catalytically inactive) or sPLA2-Asp49 (catalytically active) into rat hindpaws each induced mechanical hyperalgesia (Randall-Selitto test), whereas only catalytically active sPLA2-Asp49 caused mechanical allodynia (von Frey test). Effects induced by both sPLA2s were inhibited by intrathecal fluorocitrate, a reversible glial metabolic inhibitor. In support, immunohistochemical analysis revealed activation of dorsal horn astrocytes and microglia after intraplantar injection of either sPLA2. Spinal proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and prostanoids each appear to be involved in the pain-enhancing effects of these sPLA2s. Blockade of interleukin-1 (IL1) inhibited hyperalgesia induced by both sPLA2s, while leaving allodynia unaffected. Blockade of tumor necrosis factor reduced responses to sPLA2-Asp49. An inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), inhibited hyperalgesia induced by both sPLA2s, without interfering with allodynia induced by sPLA2-Asp49. On the other hand, L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine (L-NI), an inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase, did not alter any sPLA2-induced effect. Lastly, celecoxib, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, attenuated sPLA2 actions. These data provide the first evidence of spinal mediators involved in pain facilitation induced by subcutaneous venoms.
Maspin Retards Cell Detachment via a Novel Interaction with the Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor System (2006)

It is well documented that tumor suppressive maspin inhibits tumor cell invasion and extracellular matrix remodeling. Maspin is a cytosolic, cell surface-associated, and secreted protein in the serine protease inhibitor superfamily. Although several molecules have been identified as candidate intracellular maspin targets, the extracellular maspin target(s) remains elusive. Although maspin does not directly inhibit urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activity, we have shown evidence that maspin may block the pericellular proteolysis mediated by cell surface-associated uPA. In the current study, maspin significantly inhibited the Ca2+ reduction-induced detachment of DU145 cells. This maspin effect was associated with increased and sustained levels of mature focal adhesion contacts (FAC). We noted that maspin (a) colocalized with uPA and uPA receptor (uPAR), (b) enhanced the interaction between uPAR and low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein, and (c) induced rapid internalization of uPA and uPAR. The maspin effects on surface-associated uPA and uPAR required the interaction between uPA and uPAR. Further biochemical and biophysical analyses revealed that maspin specifically bound to pro-uPA with a deduced K(d) of 270 nmol/L and inhibited the plasmin-mediated pro-uPA cleavage. Interestingly, substitution of maspin p1' site Arg340 in the reactive site loop (RSL) with alanine not only abolished the binding to pro-uPA but also diminished the maspin effects on pro-uPA cleavage and cell detachment. These data show an important role of maspin RSL in regulating the uPA/uPAR-dependent cell detachment. Together, our data led to a new hypothesis that maspin may stabilize mature FACs by quenching localized uPA/uPAR complex before uPA activation.
Transducer output signal processing using an eight-bit microcomputer (1986)

Procedures for dealing with calibration data involving a disturbing variable using an 8-bit microcomputer are described. An interpolation polynomial with coefficients that are themselves polynomials in the disturbing variable is fitted to the calibration data and is used in two alternative ways. In the first, the polynomial coefficients are stored in the read-only memory of the microcomputer and direct computation is used to obtain the primary variable from the incoming data. In the second, the interpolating polynomials are used to generate an equispaced 2-D look-up table that is stored in the read-only memory of the microcomputer. A 2-D interpolating routine is then used to obtain the value of the primary variable from the incoming data. A comparison of the two methods with respect to computation accuracy, speed of operation, and memory requirements is presented, and the procedure for extending these techniques to the case of two disturbing variables is discussed.
A packet-layer video quality assessment model based on spatiotemporal complexity estimation (2010)

Packet-layer video quality assessment model is a light-weight model that is useful for application scenarios like inservice video quality monitoring and network service planning, which is under standardization in ITU-T. In this paper we first differentiate the requirements for video quality assessment model from these two different application scenarios. Then different criteria and methods are analyzed and used to construct two types of test datasets for model building and evaluation. Finally, a novel packet-layer video quality assessment model dealing with video quality monitoring is proposed by incorporating the estimation of the spatiotemporal complexity of video content. The interaction between content features and the error concealment effects plus error propagation effects is considered. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves preferable and robust performance improvement compared with the existing models in both datasets for scenarios of video quality planning and monitoring. Especially, larger Pearson correlation increase from 0.75 to 0.93 and RMSE decrease from 0.56 to 0.31 are obtained in dataset for video quality monitoring.
The risk to New Zealand shellfish aquaculture from paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins (2014)

New Zealand's reputation as a supplier of high quality food products is vital to the national economy; international consumers are acutely aware of food safety issues and markets are increasingly demanding higher standards. Filter feeding bivalves are particularly sensitive to the nature of the environment in which they are grown, and quality assurance is a major preoccupation of the shellfish aquaculture industry. With the exception of a couple of incidents, most notably the Gymnodinium catenatum blooms in 2000–2003, paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) contamination has, to date, not had an important effect on the economics and sustainability of the industry. However, the dinoflagellate species responsible for producing these toxins are not uncommon in New Zealand coastal phytoplankton communities, and it is important that awareness of the potential risk is maintained. This review summarises what we know about the causes and incidence of PST contamination from research and monitoring over the last 20 years, since it was first identified in New Zealand. It describes the dynamics of major events and their consequences, and evaluates what is likely to happen in the future as aquaculture expands into new areas with known histories of this problem.
Analysis of Machine Learning for Link Quality Estimation (2018)

Since the emergence of wireless communication networks, a plethora of research papers focus their attention on the quality aspects of wireless links. The analysis of the rich body of existing literature on link quality estimation using models developed from data traces indicates that the techniques used for modeling link quality estimation are becoming increasingly sophisticated. A number of recent estimators leverage machine learning (ML) techniques that require a sophisticated design and development process, each of which has a great potential to significantly affect the overall model performance. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on link quality estimators developed from empirical data and then focus on the subset that use ML algorithms. We analyze ML-based link quality estimation (LQE) models from two perspectives using performance data. Firstly, we focus on how they address quality requirements that are important from the perspective of the applications they serve. Secondly, we analyze how they approach the standard design steps commonly used in the ML community. Having analyzed the scientific body of the survey, we review existing open source datasets suitable for LQE research. Finally, we round up our survey with the lessons learned and design guidelines for ML-based LQE development and dataset collection.
A Novel Hierarchical Bayesian Approach for Sparse Semisupervised Hyperspectral Unmixing (2011)

In this paper the problem of semisupervised hyper spectral unmixing is considered. More specifically, the unmixing process is formulated as a linear regression problem, where the abundance's physical constraints are taken into account. Based on this formulation, a novel hierarchical Bayesian model is proposed and suitable priors are selected for the model parameters such that, on the one hand, they ensure the nonnegativity of the abundances, while on the other hand they favor sparse solutions for the abundances' vector. Performing Bayesian inference based on the proposed hierarchical Bayesian model, a new low-complexity iterative method is derived, and its connection with Gibbs sampling and variational Bayesian inference is highlighted. Experimental results on both synthetic and real hyperspectral data illustrate that the proposed method converges fast, favors sparsity in the abun dances' vector, and offers improved estimation accuracy compared to other related methods.
Software radio issues in cellular base stations (1999)

The use of the "software radio" concept in cellular applications is a topic of widespread interest. Two key issues in the implementation of software radios are the development of optimal receivers that require the minimum number of bits in the wide-band analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and efficient channelizers that extract individual channels from the digitized wide-band signal. In this paper, both of these issues are studied in detail for cellular base stations. A computationally efficient wide-band channelizer is presented. This channelizer is closely related to the discrete Fourier transform filter bank used in transmultiplexers. It is shown that the complexity of the proposed channelizer is significantly less (2-50/spl times/) than the complexity of conventional channelizers. An optimal receiver that explicitly takes into account the effect of the quantization noise of the wide-band ADC is also derived. The analysis of the ADC noise provides guidelines for specifying wide-band ADC for use in cellular applications. The development of the channelizer and the optimal receiver yield important insights into the implementation of cellular software radios. All of the key results of this paper are applied to a detailed example based on the Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS, IS-54/IS-136) cellular standard. The bit-error rate (BER) performance simulations of a D-AMPS wide band receiver is presented as a part of this example.
Fabrication of Gold Micro- and Nanostructures by Photolithographic Exposure of Thiol-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles (2006)

Exposure of thiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles supported on silicon wafers to UV light leads to oxidation of the thiol molecules and coagulation of the nanoparticles, forming densified structures that are resistant to removal by solvent exposure. Unoxidized particles may, in contrast, readily be removed leaving gold structures behind at the surface. This process provides a convenient and simple route for the fabrication of gold structures with dimensions ranging from micrometers to nanometers. The use of masks enables micrometer-scale structures to be fabricated rapidly. Exposure of nanoparticles to light from a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) leads to the formation of gold nanowires. The dimensions of these nanowires depend on the method of preparation of the film: for spin-cast films, a width of 200 nm was achieved. However, this was reduced significantly, to 60 nm, for Langmuir-Schaeffer films.
Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization: Historical Revision and Recent Developments (1997)

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System has completed a revision of its measures of output, capacity, and capacity utilization for the industrial sector. The primary feature of the revision is a new formulation for aggregating the indexes and utilization rates based on weights that are updated annually rather than every five years. The new formulation has been used to revise the output, capacity, and utilization rates back to 1977. It provides more accurate current estimates of developments in industrial production and capacity utilization and eliminates an earlier, small overstatement of the growth trends of production and capacity. The revised indexes of industrial production and capacity show slower growth, on average, than the earlier estimates while the cyclical patterns of the revised measures are practically the same as before. Both from 1977 to 1987 and from 1987 to 1996, total industrial output grew at an average pace of about 2.3 percent a year--about 1/4 percentage point less than previously estimated. The growth of industrial capacity was revised down nearly as much; consequently, the rate of total industrial capacity utilization was revised down only a fraction of a percentage point at the end of 1996. (Statistical Release G.17, &amp;amp;amp;quot;Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization.&amp;amp;amp;quot;)
The LiverAnatomyExplorer: A WebGL-Based Surgical Teaching Tool (2013)

The LiverAnatomyExplorer is a real-time surgical teaching tool based on state-of-the-art Web technologies such as SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), X3D (Extensible3D), and WebGL (Web Graphics Library). Unlike other medical e-learning systems, the LiverAnatomyExplorer combines traditional clinical 2D imagery with interactive Web-based 3D models derived from patient-specific image data. The tool is enhanced by surgical videos, a self-assessment tool, and an online authoring tool with which instructors can manage the presented case studies and create multiple-choice quizzes.
A Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism in a Herpesvirus DNA Polymerase Is Sufficient to Cause Lethal Neurological Disease (2009)

Epidemiological studies have shown that a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the equid herpesvirus type 1 DNA polymerase gene is associated with outbreaks of highly lethal neurological disease in horses. Reverse genetics experiments further demonstrated that a G(2254) A(2254) nucleotide mutation introduced in neurovirulent strain Ab4, which resulted in an asparagine for aspartic acid substitution (D(752) N(752)), rendered the virus nonneurovirulent in the equine. Here, we report that the nonneurovirulent strain equid herpesvirus type 1 strain NY03 caused lethal neurological disease in horses after mutation of A(2254) G(2254) (N(752) D(752)), thereby providing final proof that the D(752) allele in the viral DNA polymerase is necessary and sufficient for expression of the lethal neurovirulent phenotype in the natural host. Although virus shedding was comparable between the N(752) and D(752) variants, infection with the latter was accompanied by efficient establishment of prolonged cell-associated viremia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and neurological disease in 2 of 6 animals.
Using Social Media to Predict Traffic Flow under Special Event Conditions (2014)

Social media is great resource of user-generated contents. Public attention, opinion and hot topics can be captured in the social media, which provides the ability to predict human related events. Since social media can be retrieved in real time with no building cost and no maintenance cost, traffic operation authorizes probably identify the social media data as another type sensor for traffic demand. In this thesis, we aim to use social media information to assist traffic flow prediction under special event conditions. Specially, a short-term traffic flow prediction model, incorporated with tweet features, is developed to forecast the incoming traffic flow prior sport game events. Both tweet rate features and semantic features are included in the prediction model. We examine and compare the performance of four regression methods, respectively autoregressive model, neural networks model, support vector regression, and k-nearest neighbor, with and without social media features. To the end, we show the benefit gained by including social media information in the prediction model and its computational efficiency for potential practical applications.
Image coding with fuzzy image segmentation (2003)

A system of fuzzy rules can segment images to provide high-compression image coding. Segmentation-based image coding can achieve higher compression rates than information-theoretic imaging coding. Fuzzy image segmentation generalizes region-growing segmentation. The fuzzy rules use high-frequency information, computed with local edge-detection operators, to remove false contours in segmented images. The fuzzy segmentation-based image coding achieved faithful decoded images at more than 50:1 compression.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of Near‐Isogenic Wheat Lines to Determine Protein Composition‐Functionality Relationships (2001)

ABSTRACT Nine and six major loci control the synthesis of the gluten proteins that are responsible for many of the physical and technological properties of hexaploid and tetraploid wheats, respectively. For hexaploid wheats, these are the three Glu‐1 and three Gli‐1/Glu‐3 loci on group 1 chromosomes, and the three Gli‐2 loci on group 6 chromosomes. Lines in which genes at one or more of these loci are absent or silent are available and have been used to assist in deducing the effects on functional properties of deleting or substituting specific proteins or subunits, while maintaining a constant genetic background. The lines that are available and the information they have provided are summarized.