gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic and cultural factors of adult obesity in El Salvador: an exploratory cross-sectional study (2020)

Background/objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the sociodemographic and cultural factors associated with adult obesity in El Salvador, a country that has rapidly shifted from food insecurity to obesity as a primary health risk. Subjects/methods: Using face-to-face interviews and a food frequency questionnaire, we interviewed a convenience sample of 180 Salvadorans who identified their dietary habits, perceived nutritional value of food items, and other factors influencing consumption. Results: Obesity (BMI ≥30) was exhibited by 27.3% of participants, and another 41.1% were overweight (BMI 25-30). These results spanned all levels of socioeconomic status. Obesity prevalence, however, was only 18.5% in the most rural area. Obesity increased with age and was almost twice as prevalent in women as in men. Within the occupational subgroup of traditional market vendors, we observed an obesity prevalence of 39.8% as compared with 17.6% prevalence in non-vendors, indicating that in addition to these merchants’ relative inactivity, the traditional market has actually become an obesogenic food environment. When asked to describe their dietary decisions, participants overwhelmingly pointed to personal preference and nutritional value as being very influential, while downplaying the effect of cost, convenience, tradition and advertising. Conclusions: With the growing trends of globalization, urbanization, and industrialization, population-based approaches will be necessary to stem the rise in obesity. When setting priorities for such policy measures, precautions must be taken to not exacerbate preexisting health disparities.
Identification of Lung Cancer Patients by Serum Protein Profiling Using Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2008)

The results suggest that SELDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique can correctly distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy individuals and shows great potential for the development of a screening test for the detection of lung cancer.
Switching Schemes for Reducing Capacitor Mismatch Sensitivity of Quasi-Passive Cyclic DAC (2009)

An alternately complementary switching is proposed to reduce the quasi-passive cyclic DAC error caused by capacitor mismatch, and a hybrid switching is adopted to further enhance its accuracy. With 1.1% moderate capacitor mismatch, the achievable effective number of bits is as high as 15. It is shown that a three-fold improvement in accuracy can be fulfilled by the proposed hybrid switching. Since the DAC owns better immunity to process variations, smaller capacitors can be utilized to diminish both chip cost and power consumption.
A wideband planar dipole antenna for use in the long wavelength demonstrator array (LWDA) (2005)

It was demonstrated in this study that a planar dipole can be designed to achieve good impedance matching and wide beamwidth radiation patterns over a wide bandwidth while being simple and low cost. It was also shown that when operating this antenna directly over a lossy earth, minimally sky noise dominated operation could be achieved between 40 MHz and 84 MHz, which suggests that the antenna is suitable for use in the LWDA. To achieve greater robustness in operating the system, however, higher antenna to system noise temperature ratios may be required. Therefore, cost-effective means of installing ground screens to increase antenna efficiency will be investigated
Molecular cloning and expression of the relaxin-like factor from the mouse testis. (1996)

A complementary DNA encoding the mouse homolog of the testicular relaxin-like factor was cloned from a subtractive complementary DNA library, comprising clones preferentially expressed in the testes of mutant w/wv mice. The predicted amino acid structure conforms with that for other members of the insulin, insulin-like growth factor, and relaxin hormone family, with A, B, and C (connecting) domains. Northern and in situ transcript hybridization showed that the gene is exclusively expressed at a high level in the Leydig cells of both mutant and wild type testes and is up-regulated at puberty. The level of the specific messenger RNA is such as to imply that this novel member of the insulin family represents a major secretory product of Leydig cells, with a potential to be a part of a novel systemic feedback loop to other organs, including the brain.
Usual Adult Body Mass Index Is Not Predictive of Ovarian Cancer Survival (2007)

Although obesity has been proposed as both a risk factor and prognostic factor for hormonally mediated cancers such as endometrial and breast, it is less clear whether this also applies to ovarian cancer ([1][1]). In addition, some authors have suggested that obese patients may receive potentially
Blocked Signal Transduction to the ERK and JNK Protein Kinases in Anergic CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cells (1996)

T cells activated by antigen receptor stimulation in the absence of accessory cell-derived costimulatory signals lose the capacity to synthesize the growth factor interleukin-2 (IL-2), a state called clonal anergy. An analysis of CD3- and CD28-induced signal transduction revealed reduced ERK and JNK enzyme activities in murine anergic T cells. The amounts of ERK and JNK proteins were unchanged, and the kinases could be fully activated in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Dephosphorylation of the calcineurin substrate NFATp (preexisting nuclear factor of activated T cells) also remained inducible. These results suggest that a specific block in the activation of ERK and JNK contributes to defective IL-2 production in clonal anergy.
Robotic motion planning and manipulation in an uncalibrated environment (1998)

The authors analyze planning and control problems in "robotic manipulation" in an uncalibrated environment consisting of a PUMA 560 robotic manipulator, a rotating turntable equipped with an encoder and a CCD camera based vision sensor fixed permanently on the ceiling. It is assumed that a part with a known shape but unknown orientation is placed on the turntable which is rotating with an unknown motion dynamics. Furthermore, the calibration parameters are a priori assumed to be unknown. The objective is to track the rotating part with an a priori specified relative orientation. The task considered is of importance in various problems concerning industrial automation, such as part-feeding and tool-changing.
Equilibrium Solubility of CO<sub>2</sub> in Aqueous Potassium Taurate Solutions:  Part 1. Crystallization in Carbon Dioxide Loaded Aqueous Salt Solutions of Amino Acids (2003)

Crystallization of a reaction product was observed during the absorption of CO2 in aqueous potassium taurate solutions at 298 K. The crystallizing solid was found to be the protonated amine. The critical CO2 loading value at which crystallization occurred was measured for various amino acid salt concentrations. A simple relation between the critical CO2 loading value, initial amino acid salt concentration, and solubility of the amino acid in water is established. This relation seems to hold well in predicting the critical CO2 loading value for salts of amino acids other than taurine, for which Hook (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1997, 36, 1779) has recently published some qualitative experimental data. The influence of the formation of the solid reaction product during the absorption of CO2 in aqueous potassium taurate solutions on the mass-transfer characteristics of a gas−liquid contactor was investigated semiquantitatively for a stirred reactor. In particular, the effect of the presence and absence of crystals in CO2-loaded solutions on the liquid-side volumetric mass-transfer coefficient was studied by carrying out physical N2O absorption experiments in CO2-loaded aqueous potassium taurate solutions.
Exercise Enhances Learning and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Aged Mice (2005)

Aging causes changes in the hippocampus that may lead to cognitive decline in older adults. In young animals, exercise increases hippocampal neurogenesis and improves learning. We investigated whether voluntary wheel running would benefit mice that were sedentary until 19 months of age. Specifically, young and aged mice were housed with or without a running wheel and injected with bromodeoxyuridine or retrovirus to label newborn cells. After 1 month, learning was tested in the Morris water maze. Aged runners showed faster acquisition and better retention of the maze than age-matched controls. The decline in neurogenesis in aged mice was reversed to 50% of young control levels by running. Moreover, fine morphology of new neurons did not differ between young and aged runners, indicating that the initial maturation of newborn neurons was not affected by aging. Thus, voluntary exercise ameliorates some of the deleterious morphological and behavioral consequences of aging.
Hedgehog signaling in the neural crest cells regulates the patterning and growth of facial primordia (2004)

Facial abnormalities in human SHH mutants have implicated the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in craniofacial development, but early defects in mouse Shh mutants have precluded the experimental analysis of this phenotype. Here, we removed Hh-responsiveness specifically in neural crest cells (NCCs), the multipotent cell type that gives rise to much of the skeleton and connective tissue of the head. In these mutants, many of the NCC-derived skeletal and nonskeletal components are missing, but the NCC-derived neuronal cell types are unaffected. Although the initial formation of branchial arches (BAs) is normal, expression of several Fox genes, specific targets of Hh signaling in cranial NCCs, is lost in the mutant. The spatially restricted expression of Fox genes suggests that they may play an important role in BA patterning. Removing Hh signaling in NCCs also leads to increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation in the BAs, which results in facial truncation that is evident by embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5). Together, our results demonstrate that Hh signaling in NCCs is essential for normal patterning and growth of the face. Further, our analysis of Shh-Fox gene regulatory interactions leads us to propose that Fox genes mediate the action of Shh in facial development.
Edge detection techniques of thermal images (2012)

Selecting the right parameter is a vital issue in many image processing algorithms. Normally this is done after experimenting with a limited number of pictures, and then one just hopes that the parameters will work adequately with all the other images. Experimenting with the parameters, however, consumes precious human time.
MOVI: A Model-Free Approach to Dynamic Fleet Management (2018)

Modern vehicle fleets, e.g., for ridesharing platforms and taxi companies, can reduce passengers' waiting times by proactively dispatching vehicles to locations where pickup requests are anticipated in the future. Yet it is unclear how to best do this: optimal dispatching requires optimizing over several sources of uncertainty, including vehicles' travel times to their dispatched locations, as well as coordinating between vehicles so that they do not attempt to pick up the same passenger. While prior works have developed models for this uncertainty and used them to optimize dispatch policies, in this work we introduce a model-free approach. Specifically, we propose MOVI, a Deep Q-network (DQN)-based framework that directly learns the optimal vehicle dispatch policy. Since DQNs scale poorly with a large number of possible dispatches, we streamline our DQN training and suppose that each individual vehicle independently learns its own optimal policy, ensuring scalability at the cost of less coordination between vehicles. We then formulate a centralized receding-horizon control (RHC) policy to compare with our DQN policies. To compare these policies, we design and build MOVI as a large-scale realistic simulator based on 15 million taxi trip records that simulates policy-agnostic responses to dispatch decisions. We show that the DQN dispatch policy reduces the number of unserviced requests by 76% compared to without dispatch and 20% compared to the RHC approach, emphasizing the benefits of a model-free approach and suggesting that there is limited value to coordinating vehicle actions. This finding may help to explain the success of ridesharing platforms, for which drivers make individual decisions.
Characterization of Autoreactive T Cells to the Autoantigens Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2 (RA33) and Filaggrin in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2002)

The role of autoimmune reactions in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is poorly understood. To address this issue we have investigated the spontaneous T cell response to two well-characterized humoral autoantigens in RA patients and controls: 1) the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2, i.e., the RA33 Ag (A2/RA33), and 2) filaggrin in unmodified and citrullinated forms. In stimulation assays A2/RA33 induced proliferative responses in PBMC of almost 60% of the RA patients but in only 20% of the controls (patients with osteoarthritis or psoriatic arthritis and healthy individuals), with substantially stronger responses in RA patients (p < 0.00002). Furthermore, synovial T cells of seven RA patients investigated were also clearly responsive. In contrast, responses to filaggrin were rarely observed and did not differ between RA patients and controls. Analysis of A2/RA33-induced cytokine secretion revealed high IFN-gamma and low IL-4 production in both RA and control PBMC, whereas IL-2 production was mainly observed in RA PBMC (p < 0.03). Moreover, A2/RA33-specific T cell clones from RA patients showed a strong Th1 phenotype and secreted higher amounts of IFN-gamma than Th1 clones from controls (p < 0.04). Inhibition experiments performed with mAbs against MHC class II molecules showed A2/RA33-induced T cell responses to be largely HLA-DR restricted. Finally, immunohistochemical analyses revealed pronounced overexpression of A2/RA33 in synovial tissue of RA patients. Taken together, the presence of autoreactive Th1-like cells in RA patients in conjunction with synovial overexpression of A2/RA33 may indicate potential involvement of this autoantigen in the pathogenesis of RA.
Electronic properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>24</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>41</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1989)

Crystals of orthorhombic ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{14}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{24}$${\mathrm{O}}_{41}$ are semiconducting, with an activation energy of 0.18(2) eV for conduction along c, the direction lying parallel to both the (${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$) planes and the (${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$) chains. The magnetic susceptibility above 80 K follows a Curie-Weiss law with \ensuremath{\theta}=-95 K and ${p}_{\mathrm{eff}}$=0.65${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$/Cu in the ac plane and \ensuremath{\theta}=-190 and ${p}_{\mathrm{eff}}$=0.94${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$/Cu along b, the direction perpendicular to the (${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$) planes and the (${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$) chains. There is an indication of antiferromagnetic order below ${T}_{N}$=60 K, and a Curie contribution at low temperature due to localized free spins [0.4(1) with S=(1/2 per formula]. The specific heat measured in the range 2--12 K is of the form ${\mathrm{AT}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$+\ensuremath{\gamma}T+\ensuremath{\beta}${T}^{3}$, where A=1080 mJ K/mole, \ensuremath{\gamma}=100 mJ/mole ${\mathrm{K}}^{2}$, and \ensuremath{\beta}=5.93 mJ/mole ${\mathrm{K}}^{3}$. A 5-T magnetic field greatly enhances the low-temperature specific heat, an effect which is attributed to the localized states with S=(1/2. The linear term is attributed to a localized density of states with no net spin, possibly associated with peroxide ions. The relevance of these results to the low-temperature specific heat of copper-oxide superconductors is discussed.
Highly Sophisticated Electrochemical Analysis System with an Integrated Microfluidic System Based on Electrowetting (2006)

An integrated device which can conduct timely transport of a sample solution and analyze its components was constructed. The transport of solutions was based on capillary action on hydrophilic glass areas and the control by valves which operate based on electrowetting. Electrochemical sensors including glucose, lactate, GOT, GPT, pH, ammonia, urea, and creatinine were integrated. Sensors for the former four are amperometric whereas the detection of the latter four are based on potentiometry. The ammonia, urea, and creatinine sensors had an air gap structure to realize a fast response. The sensors for GOT and GPT had a freeze-dried substrate matrix to realize rapid mixing. The sample solution was transported to required sensing sites at desired times. The integrated sensors showed distinct responses upon the introduction of a sample solution. Linear relationships were observed between the output signals and the concentration or the logarithm of the concentration of the analytes.
Biodiesel production using supercritical methanol (2010)

Correct species identification is the cornerstone of all scientific studies that involve insects. Alongside traditional morphological identification techniques, molecular identification based on the characterization and analysis of specific mitochondrial or nuclear gene regions is becoming commonplace. Despite the good results that can be achieved, DNA extraction usually involves invasive techniques that lead to the partial or total destruction of specimens. In this work, a non-invasive DNA extraction technique is described. The technique was tested on the abdomens of dry-preserved Sarcophagidae (Diptera) specimens collected between 1889 and 2015. This allowed for the correct identification of species without impairing diagnostic morphological structures useful for further studies.
Architecture based prototypes for mobile collaborative learning (MCL) to improve pedagogical activities (2011)

Deployment of new emerging technologies have attracted and motivated a great deal of attention from researchers and scientist in various disciplines to develop and design the learning management systems, virtual learning environments and conference systems with support of MCL for education and other organizations. This technological revolution of connecting large numbers of potential learners through mobile telephony creates new challenges for developing the new architectures for education and business. Some of the MCL paradigms are proposed and implemented in various fields such as university, corporate, health and military but they lack completeness. This paper introduces new server and client side architectural based prototypes with support of various working components, which help the users in obtaining the contents from server to meet the pedagogical requirements. This paper has also proposed and integrated the features of content-server with cache-server to provide the faster delivery of contents for MCL. Finally, The paper proposes and implements some features of a novel “group application” to support asynchronous and synchronous and multimodal features to facilitate the students for MCL. This contribution will encourage and motivate the students to pursue their education again because the students will be able to get the course contents at anytime and anywhere.
<i>In vitro</i>characterization of a controlled-release chlorpheniramine maleate delivery system prepared by the air-suspension technique (1997)

Non-pareil cores were spray-coated with a chlorpheniramine maleate (an alkylamine antihistamine) layer and a Eudragit NE30D overcoat in a Wurster air-suspension apparatus. In vitro dissolution studies demonstrated that drug release was a function of polymer membrane thickness. Polyethylene glycol 6000, as a hydrophillic additive, increased the in vitro release of chlorpheniramine maleate from the pellets. Pellets coated with 8.30% Eudragit NE30D, 0.50% talc and 1.00% polyethylene glycol 6000 were found to display desirable controlled release characteristics for chlorpheniramine maleate over the 8-h testing period, which were also comparable with that of Dykatuss capsules. The controlled release pellets exhibited first-order release characteristics for chlorpheniramine maleate. Reproducibility of the manufacturing conditions employed in the study were confirmed thus ensuring reproducibility of drug release characteristics between batches of chlorpheniramine maleate pellets. Drug release from the pellets was shown to be independent of the dissolution method and medium used. Pellets displayed no significant change in drug release characteristics relative to the initial drug release data when stored for 12 weeks at room temperature (20 +/- 2 degrees C) and for 8 weeks at a low temperature (5 +/- 1 degrees C). However, pellets stored at 37 degrees C with 80% relative humidity and at 40 +/- 2 degrees C showed a slower in vitro drug release after 8-week storage and therefore failed to maintain their initial drug release profile.
Energy Chain Analysis of Passenger Car Transport (2011)

Transport makes up 20 percent of the World’s energy use; in OECD countries this has exceeded 30 percent. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that the global energy consumption will increase by 2.1 percent annually, a growth rate that is higher than for any other sector. The high energy consumption means that transportation accounts for nearly 30 percent of CO2 emission in OECD countries and is also one of the main sources of regional and local air pollution. In this article, we analyze energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from passenger car transport using an energy chain analysis. The energy chain analysis consists of three parts: the net direct energy use, the energy required for vehicle propulsion; the gross direct chain, which includes the net direct energy consumption plus the energy required to produce it; and, finally, the indirect energy chain, which includes the energy consumption for production, maintenance and operation of infrastructure plus manufacturing of the vehicle itself. In addition to energy consumption, we also analyze emissions of greenhouse gases measured by CO2-equivalents. We look at the trade-offs between energy use and greenhouse gas emissions to see whether some drivetrains and fuels perform favourable on both indicators. Except for the case of electric cars, where hydropower is the only energy source in the Norwegian context, no single car scores favourably on both energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
A High Degree of LINE-1 Hypomethylation Is a Unique Feature of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer (2012)

LINE-1 hypomethylation constitutes a potentially important feature of early-onset CRC, and suggests a distinct molecular subtype. Further studies are needed to assess the potential of LINE-1 methylation status as a prognostic biomarker for young people with CRC.
FAUNA BURUANA. DIPTERA, Calliphorinae and Muscinae. (2025)

-