gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of carboplatin in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer. (1998)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death due to cancer in the United States, and approximately 178,100 new cases were estimated to occur last year. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 17% to 25% of all lung cancers. Due to its aggressive nature and rapid proliferation rate, small-cell lung cancer is usually widespread at diagnosis. Therefore, chemotherapy is the cornerstone of therapy for this disease. Cisplatin (Platinol) is an active chemotherapeutic agent used to treat small-cell lung cancer, but its toxicity, including nausea and vomiting, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity, has led to the investigation of combination regimens with different toxicity profiles. Carboplatin (Paraplatin), a derivative of cisplatin, has far less nonhematologic toxicity, although myelosuppression may be slightly greater than that observed with cisplatin. The reduced toxicity and equivalent efficacy of carboplatin have resulted in the increased use of carboplatin-based regimens to treat small-cell lung cancer. Phase I and II trials of carboplatin as single-agent treatment for small-cell lung cancer resulted in overall response rates of approximately 60% for previously untreated patients and 17% for those who had received prior therapy. New combination chemotherapy regimens that include carboplatin may improve survival in patients with small-cell lung cancer and potentially cure those patients with limited disease. Further investigation of carboplatin and other new agents is warranted.
Ultra wideband coplanar waveguide fed spiral antenna for humanitarian demining (2000)

A cavity backed coplanar waveguide to coplanar strip fed logarithmic uniplanar spiral antenna, which covers a 9 to 1 bandwidth with a return loss better than 10 dB from 0.4 to 3.8 GHz is presented. A wideband balun covering the frequency range of the antenna was developed. The constructed spiral antenna is very useful in a stepped frequency ground penetrating radar for humanitarian demining due to the very wide band-width, relatively small size, and being uniplanar. Successful detection of a small 5.4 cm non-metallic AP-mines in a pseudo minefield are presented.
THE ELECTION TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN NITROGEN FIXATION BY <i>Azotobacter</i> , I. AZOTOFLAVIN AS AN ELECTRON CARRIER (1969)

A flavoprotein, named azotoflavin, was isolated from an extract of Azotobacter vinelandii cells, which linked the reducing power generated by illuminated spinach chloroplasts to the Azotobacter nitrogen-fixing enzyme complex. The photoreduction of the yellow azotoflavin by chloroplasts produced a stable, free-radical semiquinone, blue in color, with properties similar to those described by other investigators for an Azotobacter flavoprotein of unknown biological function.
Burst-error-correcting array codes (1982)

Classes of array codes for correcting bursts of errors, bursts of erasures, and mixed error-and-erasure bursts, are described. A specific example of a burst-error-correcting array code, and its decoder, is given. These codes have relatively high rates, small decoding delay, simple encoding and decoding algorithms, and are capable of high-speed operation. Array codes have a wide range of application in digital communications.
C‐terminal lysine residues of fibrinogen fragments essential for binding to plasminogen (1985)

Experiments involving affinity chromatography on immobilized plasminogen columns and the concomitant use of plasmin and carboxypeptidase B indicate that the COOH-terminal lysine residues formed by plasmin-catalyzed cleavage of fibrinogen are essential for the high-affinity binding of the resulting cleavage products to plasminogen.
On the throughput improvement due to limited complexity processing at relay nodes (2005)

We consider a source that transmits information to a receiver by routing it over a communication network represented by a graph and examine rate benefits that finite complexity processing at the intermediate nodes may offer. We show that there exist configurations where the optimal rate is achieved only when coding across independent information streams (channel coding and routing cannot be separated); that optimal processing is a function of the particular set of channel parameters and not only of the network topology; and that there exists a connection between linear codes and routing for a special class of graphs
Extremely scaled silicon nano-CMOS devices (2003)

Silicon-based CMOS technology can be scaled well into the nanometer regime. High-performance, planar, ultrathin-body devices fabricated on silicon-on-insulator substrates have been demonstrated down to 15-nm gate lengths. We have also introduced the FinFET, a double-gate device structure that is relatively simple to fabricate and can be scaled to gate lengths below 10 nm. In this paper, some of the key elements of these technologies are described, including sublithographic patterning, the effects of crystal orientation and roughness on carrier mobility, gate work function engineering, circuit performance, and sensitivity to process-induced variations.
The genetic analysis of resistance to fusarium crown and root rot of tomato (1988)

The tomato line IRB‐301‐31, resistant to fusarium crown and root rot ( Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis‐lycopersici ) was crossed with two susceptible cultivars, Motelle and Earlypak No. 7. When F 1 , F 2 and backcross progenies were inoculated at the one‐leaf stage with a suspension of spores of the pathogen, all could be classified as either resistant (healthy) or susceptible (dead). The ratios of resistant to susceptible plants indicated that resistance was conferred by a single dominant gene, designated Fr1.
Transistor Pulse Regenerative Amplifiers (1956)

A pulse regenerative amplifier is a bistate circuit which introduces gain and pulse reshaping in a pulse transmission or digital data processing system. Frequently it is used also to retime the pulses which constitute the flow of information in such systems. The small size, reliability, and low power consumption of the transistor have led naturally to the use of the transistor as the active element in the amplifier. It is the purpose of this paper to describe some of the techniques that are pertinent to the design of synchronized regenerative amplifiers operating at a pulse repetition rate of the order of one megacycle per second. An illustrative design of an amplifier for use in a specific digital computer is presented.
Electrical and structural properties of poly-Si films grown by furnace and rapid thermal annealing of amorphous Si (1998)

In the present work, the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the electrical and structural properties of poly-Si thin films, grown by the crystallization of a-Si films deposited by rapid thermal low-pressure chemical vapor deposition, has been studied. Structural and electrical results were obtained using atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron spin resonance, electrical resistivity, and Hall mobility techniques. The effects of the grain size, grain boundaries, and surface roughness on the electrical characteristics of poly-Si films have been investigated. Amorphous Si (a-Si) films crystallized by RTA at 850 °C for 45 s result in the formation of poly-Si with small grains, an electron spin density Ns=5.2×1016 cm−3, and a Hall mobility μH=30 cm2 V−1 s−1. A two-stage annealing, involving low-temperature annealing at 600 °C for 6 h, followed by RTA at 850 °C in five steps of 30 s each, results in the formation of poly-Si films with large grains free of in-grain defects, low surface roughness, and higher Hall mobility μH=43 cm2 V−1 s−1, characteristics rendering such poly-Si films suitable for the fabrication of good performance thin film transistors.
Advances in optical path crossconnect systems using planar-lightwave circuit-switching technologies (2003)

This article highlights advances in NTT's optical path crossconnect systems that use planar-lightwave circuit switches. A photonic MPLS router that can handle up to 256 optical label switched paths is developed as one result of our R&D activities; mature OPXC technologies are adopted to create a practical OPXC system.
Improved detection of bacterial antigens by latex agglutination after rapid extraction from body fluids (1984)

Nonspecific agglutination of antibody-coated latex particles, unrelated to the presence of specific bacterial antigens, is a major difficulty with commercial latex particle agglutination tests. Rheumatoid and other factors are known to interfere with latex tests. We studied the use of six chelating, reducing, and anticoagulatory reagents in a rapid extraction of antigen procedure to free heat-stable antigens of Haemophilus influenzae type b and group B streptococcus which had been added to human sera. We also screened sera for the incidence of nonspecific agglutination from the three following groups: 123 patients with positive serology tests, 112 hospitalized patients, and 87 blood donors. The rapid extraction of antigen procedure involved a 1:4 dilution of the sera with each of the six reagents, incubation at 100 degrees C for 3 min, and centrifugation at 13,000 X g for 5 min. Two commercial latex kits were tested (Bactigen and Wellcogen). Nonspecific agglutination was entirely eliminated by each of the six extraction reagents. Sera from 52% of the patients with positive serology tests, 29% of the hospitalized patients, and 28% of the blood donors showed nonspecific agglutination with Bactigen before extraction. Nonspecific agglutination was eliminated in all but one sample after the rapid extraction of antigen procedure. This simple, rapid extraction procedure eliminated nonspecific reactions in cerebrospinal fluids and amniotic fluids and reduced this problem in urines and sera with each commercial kit used on clinical specimens.
Towards Composable Prediction of Contact Groups (2014)

Users’ contacts often need to be grouped into equivalence classes for various purposes such as easily sending a message to all members of the group. Several approaches have been recently developed to make such predictions (a) for both ephemeral and persistent groups (b) in both email and social netw
Detection and Analysis of Emotion from Speech Signals (2015)

Recognizing emotion from speech has become one the active research themes in speech processing and in applications based on human-computer interaction. This paper conducts an experimental study on recognizing emotions from human speech. The emotions considered for the experiments include neutral, anger, joy and sadness. The distinuishability of emotional features in speech were studied first followed by emotion classification performed on a custom dataset. The classification was performed for different classifiers. One of the main feature attribute considered in the prepared dataset was the peak-to-peak distance obtained from the graphical representation of the speech signals. After performing the classification tests on a dataset formed from 30 different subjects, it was found that for getting better accuracy, one should consider the data collected from one person rather than considering the data from a group of people.
Performance of Routing in Sensor Networks with a Mobile Access Point (2007)

Routing streaming data in a sensor network is a task made arduous by the resource constraints imposed on each node. Furthermore, it is widely expected that the gateway of the sensor network will not be static in many application scenario, but will be moving about the network. We study a simple protocol and consider the cost it imposes on the networks in terms of number of messages sent, or equivalently, bandwidth or power usage. We study the scaling behavior of the so-called bread crumbs protocol and show that it is optimal in its scaling behavior in one- and two-dimension graphs. We compare this protocol with the cost of routing on the shortest path from the sensor node to the mobile sink, and with the cost of flooding the network in the hope of finding the sink. We positively support the analysis with some simulations of the bread crumbs protocol in both a lattice and a torus scenario.
L-Type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channel Density and Regulation Are Altered in Failing Human Ventricular Myocytes and Recover After Support With Mechanical Assist Devices (2002)

Ca2+ influx through the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) induces Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and maintains SR Ca2+ loading. Alterations in LTCC properties, their contribution to the blunted adrenergic responsiveness in failing hearts and their recovery after support with LV assist devices (LVAD) were studied. L-type Ca2+ current (I(Ca,L)) was measured under basal conditions and in the presence of isoproterenol (ISO), dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP), Bay K 8644 (BayK), Okadaic acid (OA, a phosphatase inhibitor), and phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in nonfailing (NF), failing (F), and LVAD-supported human left ventricular myocytes (HVMs). Basal I(Ca,L) density was not different in the 3 groups but I(Ca,L) was activated at more negative voltages in F- and LVAD- versus NF-HVMs (V(0.5): -7.18+/-1.4 and -7.0+/-0.9 versus 0.46+/-1.1 mV). Both ISO and db-cAMP increased I(Ca,L) in NF- and LVAD- significantly more than in F-HVMs (NF >LVAD> F: ISO: 90+/-15% versus 77+/-19% versus 24+/-12%; db-cAMP: 235%>172%>90%). ISO caused a significant leftward shift of the I(Ca,L) activation curve in NF- and LVAD- but not in F-HVMs. After ISO and db-cAMP, the I(Ca,L) activation was not significantly different between groups. BayK also increased I(Ca,L) more in NF- (81+/-30%) and LVAD- (70+/-15%) than in F- (51+/-8%) HVMs. OA increased I(Ca, L) by 85.6% in NF-HVMs but had no effect in F-HVMs, while PP2A decreased I(Ca, L) in F-HVMs by 35% but had no effect in NF-HVMs. These results suggest that the density of LTCC is reduced in F-HVMs but basal I(Ca,L) density is maintained by increasing in LTCC phosphorylation.
Kinematics of the C+(D2, D)CD+ Reaction (1972)

The energy and angular distributions of CD+ formed by the reaction C+(D2, D)CD+ were measured for barycentric energies between 3.47 and 9.14 eV. From the threshold to an energy of 4.4 eV the reaction was found to go through a persistent complex, and at higher energies the reaction proceeded by direct mechanisms. CD+ was detected at energies considerably higher than the critical energy obtainable from the spectator stripping model. Measured values of Q, the difference between the relative kinetic energy of the products and reactants, and available theoretical calculations were used to infer the possible electronic states of the products.
Characterization of a novel human sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) having structural homology with c-Jun N-terminal kinase-interacting protein (2005)

We report a novel SPAG9 (sperm-associated antigen 9) protein having structural homology with JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)-interacting protein 3. SPAG9, a single copy gene mapped to the human chromosome 17q21.33 syntenic with location of mouse chromosome 11, was earlier shown to be expressed exclusively in testis [Shankar, Mohapatra and Suri (1998) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 243, 561-565]. The SPAG9 amino acid sequence analysis revealed identity with the JNK-binding domain and predicted coiled-coil, leucine zipper and transmembrane domains. The secondary structure analysis predicted an alpha-helical structure for SPAG9 that was confirmed by CD spectra. Microsequencing of higher-order aggregates of recombinant SPAG9 by tandem MS confirmed the amino acid sequence and mono atomic mass of 83.9 kDa. Transient expression of SPAG9 and its deletion mutants revealed that both leucine zipper with extended coiled-coil domains and transmembrane domain of SPAG9 were essential for dimerization and proper localization. Studies of MAPK (mitogenactivated protein kinase) interactions demonstrated that SPAG9 interacted with higher binding affinity to JNK3 and JNK2 compared with JNK1. No interaction was observed with p38alpha or extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathways. Polyclonal antibodies raised against recombinant SPAG9 recognized native protein in human sperm extracts and localized specifically on the acrosomal compartment of intact human spermatozoa. Acrosome-reacted spermatozoa demonstrated SPAG9 immunofluorescence, indicating its retention on the equatorial segment after the acrosome reaction. Further, anti-SPAG9 antibodies inhibited the binding of human spermatozoa to intact human oocytes as well as to matched hemizona. This is the first report of sperm-associated JNK-binding protein that may have a role in spermatozoa-egg interaction.
Fast Chroma Prediction Mode Decision based on Luma Prediction Mode for AV1 Intra Coding (2019)

AV1 is an emerging open-source and royalty-free video compression format, which is jointly developed and finalized in June 2018 by the Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia) industry consortium. AV1 achieves significant improvements in coding efficiency compared with HECV and VP9 thanks to new coding tools. However, encoding complexity is extremely high by selecting best mode among new features. This paper proposes a fast chroma prediction mode decision algorithm based on luma prediction mode for AV1 intra coding. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an 15.86% TS with 0.44% BDBR increase compared with AV1 reference software.
National Institutes of Health consensus development conference statement: Management of hepatitis B # † ‡ п (2009)

National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus and state-of-the-science statements are prepared by independent panels of health professionals and public representatives on the basis of 1) the results of a systematic literature review prepared under contract with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ); 2) presentations by investigators working in areas relevant to the conference questions during a 2-day pub-lic session; 3) questions and statements from conference attend-ees during open discussion periods that are part of the public session; and 4) closed deliberations by the panel during the remainder of the second day and morning of the third. This statement is an independent report of the panel and is not a policy statement of the National Institutes of Health or the U.S. government. The statement reflects the panel’s assessment of medical knowledge available at the time the statement was written. Thus, it provides a “snapshot in time ” of the state of
Bis-N-Annulated Quaterrylene: An Approach to Processable Graphene Nanoribbons (2009)

A new efficient synthetic method toward processable bis-N-annulated quaterrylene from easily available N-annulated perylene derivatives, which is conducted by DDQ/Sc(OTf)(3) oxidative coupling and ring fusion, is reported. In light of the good processability and the strong electron-donating ability, which is evidenced from the low oxidative potentials, bis-N-annulated quaterrylene is very promising for use as functional components in molecular devices.
Wafer steppers for the 64-M and 256-Mbit memory generations (1994)

Optical wafer steppers are used in the fabrication of submicron and subhalf micron integrated circuits. The SIA Technology Roadmap has outlined the major requirements steppers must meet for the 64M and 256Mbit memory generations. These include 0.35 μm and 0.25 μm resolution over 22 and 27 mm square image fields. This article outlines these requirements and explores the impact on wafer stepper design and use. Stepper cost of ownership will be considered including the contribution of the reticle to the overall cost of the process. Two major trends can be discerned. First, the requirement of 0.25 μm imaging over fields larger than a square inch forces the adoption of step and scan technologies as the cost and size of full field lenses grow noncompetitive. Second, in order to reduce the overall cost of ownership of the photolithography process, the industry is adopting mix-and-match strategies using high NA steppers to print critical mask layers and high speed, low NA, wide field steppers to print non-critical layers.
Reinvestigation of Fractionation and Some Properties of the Proteolytically Active Components of Stem and Fruit Bromelains (1985)

To check whether crude stem and fruit bromelains can be fractionated further or not, systematic separation procedures were applied to both enzymes. Six proteolytically active components, which were designated as SBB 1-5 and SBA, were fractionated from crude stem bromelain by successive use of gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, and chromatographies on CM-Sephadex and DEAE-Sephacel. One main and one minor active components, designated as FBA and FBB, respectively, were also separated from crude fruit bromelain by chromatographies on DEAE-Sephacel and then CM-Sephadex. Some of the physico-chemical and enzymatic properties of these eight components were compared. Each component migrated as a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular weights determined by the same electrophoresis were about 27,000 for SBB 1-3 and FBB, and about 23,000 for the other four components. In terms of amino acid composition, FBB resembled SBB 1-3, which were remarkably similar to each other. FBA was also similar to SBA in amino acid composition, and contained much less basic amino acids than SBB 1 through 5. The principal amino-terminal residues determined by the cyanate method were valine in SBB 1-5 and SBA, and alanine in FBA and FBB. The principal carboxyl-terminal residues determined by the hydrazinolysis method were glycine in SBB 1-3, SBA and FBA, and serine in SBB 4-5 and FBB. However, fractional amounts of a few other amino- and carboxyl-terminal residues were also detected. As regards enzymatic activities, FBA and SBB 4 and 5 were much more active than the other five components against casein and some synthetic substrates [Bz-Arg-amide (at pH 6.1), Z-Gly-X, and Z-Ala-X (at pH 3.5)] with the notable exception that FBA was much less active than SBB 4 and 5 toward tripeptides (X-Gly-Gly).
The role of JAK2 abnormalities in hematologic neoplasms. (2009)

In 2005, an activating mutation in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) was identified in a significant proportion of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, mainly polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. Many types of mutations in the JAK-STAT pathway have been identified, the majority are related to JAK2. Currently JAK2 mutations are important in the area of diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms, but its role beyond the confirmation of clonality is growing and widening our knowledge about these disorders. In addition to that, clinical trials to target JAK2-STAT pathway will widen our knowledge and hopefully will offer more therapeutic options. In this review, we will discuss the role of JAK2 abnormalities in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, classification, severity and management of hematologic neoplasms.