gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of vitamin D receptor <i>Fok</i>I polymorphism with prostate cancer risk, clinicopathological features and recurrence of prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy (2006)

To investigate the effect of vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism on susceptibility to prostate cancer and the outcome of the disease in a Taiwanese population, we genotyped a total of 416 prostate cancer patients, 502 age-matched male controls and 189 non age-matched symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Although we did not find a significant association between VDR FokI genotypes and overall prostate cancer risk, we found that in men aged less than or equal to the median age of 73 years with VDR FokI F allele specifically had an increased risk of prostate cancer with a marginal significant trend (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.00-4.34, p for trend = 0.056). The FF genotype was also highly associated with more aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score 8-10) (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.20-5.08) than did the Ff and ff genotypes. After adjusting other covariates, we found that in patients who had localized prostate cancer for which a radical prostatectomy was performed (n = 131), the VDR FokI FF genotype was associated with worse prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.32-8.00, p = 0.010). Our findings suggest that the VDR FF genotype may increase the risk of early-onset prostate cancer and is associated with more aggressive disease. Furthermore, the VDR polymorphism could be used as a prognostic marker for localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.
MultiAspect Graphs: Algebraic Representation and Algorithms (2016)

We present the algebraic representation and basic algorithms for MultiAspect Graphs (MAGs). A MAG is a structure capable of representing multilayer and time-varying networks, as well as higher-order networks, while also having the property of being isomorphic to a directed graph. In particular, we show that, as a consequence of the properties associated with the MAG structure, a MAG can be represented in matrix form. Moreover, we also show that any possible MAG function (algorithm) can be obtained from this matrix-based representation. This is an important theoretical result since it paves the way for adapting well-known graph algorithms for application in MAGs. We present a set of basic MAG algorithms, constructed from well-known graph algorithms, such as degree computing, Breadth First Search (BFS), and Depth First Search (DFS). These algorithms adapted to the MAG context can be used as primitives for building other more sophisticated MAG algorithms. Therefore, such examples can be seen as guidelines on how to properly derive MAG algorithms from basic algorithms on directed graphs. We also make available Python implementations of all the algorithms presented in this paper.
Robust vessel segmentation (2008)

In the context of cardiac applications, the primary goal of coronary vessel analysis often consists in supporting the diagnosis of vessel wall anomalies, such as coronary plaque and stenosis. Therefore, a fast and robust segmentation of the coronary tree is a very important but challenging task. We propose a new approach for coronary artery segmentation. Our method is based on an earlier proposed progressive region growing. A new growth front monitoring technique controls the segmentation and corrects local leakage by retrospective detection and removal of leakage artifacts. While progressively reducing the region growing threshold for the whole image, the growing process is locally analyzed using criteria based on the assumption of tubular, gradually narrowing vessels. If a voxel volume limit or a certain shape constraint is exceeded, the growing process is interrupted. Voxels affected by a failed segmentation are detected and deleted from the result. To avoid further processing at these positions, a large neighborhood is blocked for growing. Compared to a global region growing without local correction, our new local growth control and the adapted correction can deal with contrast decrease even in very small coronary arteries. Furthermore, our algorithm can efficiently handle noise artifacts and partial volume effects near the myocardium. The enhanced segmentation of more distal vessel parts was tested on 150 CT datasets. Furthermore, a comparison between the pure progressive region growing and our new approach was conducted.
MaxBin 2.0: an automated binning algorithm to recover genomes from multiple metagenomic datasets (2015)

MaxBin 2.0 is freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/maxbin/ under BSD license.
Web-based health care agents; the case of reminders and todos, too (R2Do2) (1998)

This paper describes efforts to develop and field an agent-based, healthcare middleware framework that securely connects practice rule sets to patient records to anticipate health todo items and to remind and alert users about these items over the web. Reminders and todos, too (R2Do2) is an example of merging data- and document-centric architectures, and of integrating agents into patient-provider collaboration environments. A test of this capability verifies that R2Do2 is progressing toward its two goals: (1) an open standards framework for middleware in the healthcare field; and (2) an implementation of the 'principle of optimality' to derive the best possible health plans for each user. This paper concludes with lessons learned to date.
On‐line Surface Area Measurement of Concentrated Slurries using low field spin‐lattice relaxation NMR (1993)

Abstract A method for the rapid on‐line determination of surface area and solids content in flowing concentrated slurries using low field NMR spin‐lattice relaxation measurements has been developed and demonstrated. The relationship between flow and spin‐lattice relaxation time ( T 1 ) of protons in water at 20 MHz was examined using aqueous copper sulfate solutions. The ability to measure surface area and solids concentration in both stagnant (stopped flow) and flowing systems via NMR was demonstrated using several different concentrated aqueous titania and glass slurries (20 to 80 weight percent) for which the dried powder surface area was previously determined via nitrogen adsorption/BET analysis and the solids content determined gravimetrically. Surface areas were also calculated from particle size analysis and found to vary by up to an order of magnitude from the adsorption and NMR results.
Optimum polarizer combinations for twisted nematic displays (1977)

We present a simple phenomenological theory that makes it possible to compute the brightness and contrast ratio of reflective twisted nematic displays from the optical characteristics of their polarizers. The theory satisfactorily explains the large change in contrast ratio that is observed when the positions of the polarizers are interchanged in a reflective display assembled with dissimilar polarizer types. Brightness and contrast measurements are reported for reflective displays assembled with the four possible combinations of Polaroid HN-42 and HN-55 sheet-type polarizers, and the results are in good agreement with theory. Optical characteristics of polarizers are suggested which should markedly improve display viewability over what is currently obtainable. We find that a small increase in contrast ratio is possible if the front polarizer of a display is made stronger than the rear polarizer instead of employing identical polarizers.
THE EFFECT OF CORNER RADIUS ON THE ENERGY LOSS IN 90 ° T- JUNCTION TURBULENT FLOWS (2015)

An extensive numerical parametric investigation of the turbulent flow in 90 ° T-junctions with sharp and rounded corners is under way aimed at quantifying the energy losses and the size and strength of the recirculating region in the branch pipe. The parameter that is being investigated is the radius of curvature of the corner of the junction and so far simulations have been carried out for an inlet pipe Reynolds numbers of 32,000, to be later extended to the range between 5,000 and 40,000, for flow rate ratios of 0%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80 % and 100 % (ratio between the flow rates in the branch and inlet pipes). The previous work of Paál et al. [8] on this flow for a sharp corner was aimed at validation by comparing the results of simulations done with various turbulence models with the detailed experimental data of Maia et al. (1998). Following [8], it was decided to perform the present calculations using a modified version of Menter’s [9] model, the shear-stress transport (SST) model, which performed equally well as or even better than the full Reynolds stress model at a considerably lower cost. All the calculations were carried out with the commercial code ANSYS CFX 10.0. The results show that increasing the radius of curvature of the corner reduces the total energy loss especially because of the reduction in the branch flow loss related to flow separation.
Zone‐Melting Recrystallization of Si Films with a Moveable‐Strip‐Heater Oven (1982)

Recent work on zone‐melting recrystallization of Si on amorphous insulating substrates using a moveable‐strip heater oven is described in detail for the first time. A (100) texture is obtained if the Si is encapsulated with or a composite of. An encapsulation layer of prevents agglomeration and ensures a smooth surface. Several theories explaining the predominance of (100) texture in the transition region and the tendency of solidification from (100) textured seeds to occlude other orientations are discussed. Both effects are believed due to minimum interfacial tension between Si (100) and . Grain boundaries can be eliminated by a variety of techniques, but subboundaries remain which have a minimal effect on majority carrier conduction. The spacings between subboundaries are found to increase with film thickness, approximately as the first power, and to increase with molten zone speed, approximately as the square root.
How is edaravone effective against acute ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? (2017)

Edaravone is a low-molecular-weight antioxidant drug targeting peroxyl radicals among many types of reactive oxygen species. Because of its amphiphilicity, it scavenges both lipid- and water-soluble peroxyl radicals by donating an electron to the radical. Thus, it inhibits the oxidation of lipids by scavenging chain-initiating water-soluble peroxyl radicals and chain-carrying lipid peroxyl radicals. In 2001, it was approved in Japan as a drug to treat acute-phase cerebral infarction, and then in 2015 it was approved for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration also approved edaravone for treatment of patients with ALS. Its mechanism of action was inferred to be scavenging of peroxynitrite. In this review, we focus on the radical-scavenging characteristics of edaravone in comparison with some other antioxidants that have been studied in clinical trials, and we summarize its pharmacological action and clinical efficacy in patients with acute cerebral infarction and ALS.
Uptake of HCO3− and CO2 in Cells and Chloroplasts from the Microalgae <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> and <i>Dunaliella tertiolecta</i>1 (1998)

Abstract Mass-spectrometric disequilibrium analysis was applied to investigate CO2 uptake and HCO3− transport in cells and chloroplasts of the microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta andChlamydomonas reinhardtii, which were grown in air enriched with 5% (v/v) CO2 (high-Ci cells) or in ambient air (low-Ci cells). High- and low-Ci cells of both species had the capacity to transport CO2 and HCO3−, with maximum rates being largely unaffected by the growth conditions. In high- and low-Ci cells ofD. tertiolecta, HCO3− was the dominant inorganic C species taken up, whereas HCO3− and CO2 were used at similar rates by C. reinhardtii. The apparent affinities of HCO3− transport and CO2 uptake increased 3- to 9-fold in both species upon acclimation to air. Photosynthetically active chloroplasts isolated from both species were able to transport CO2 and HCO3−. For chloroplasts from C. reinhardtii, the concentrations of HCO3− and CO2 required for half-maximal activity declined from 446 to 33 μm and 6.8 to 0.6 μm, respectively, after acclimation of the parent cells to air; the corresponding values for chloroplasts from D. tertiolecta decreased from 203 to 58 μm and 5.8 to 0.5 μm, respectively. These results indicate the presence of inducible high-affinity HCO3− and CO2 transporters at the chloroplast envelope membrane.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor is Increased in the Aqueous Humor of Glaucomatous Eyes (2001)

The relatively high concentration of HGF in human aqueous humor suggests that HGF may play an important role in ocular physiology and disease. The higher concentration in patients with glaucoma may indicate a response to injury.
Neuropeptide Y receptors differentially modulate G‐protein‐activated inwardly rectifying K<sup>+</sup> channels and high‐voltage‐activated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels in rat thalamic neurons (2001)

1. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, infrared videomicroscopy and fast focal solution exchange methods, the actions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) were examined in thalamic slices of postnatal (10-16 days) rats. 2. NPY activated a K+-selective current in neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus (RT; 20/29 neurons) and ventral basal complex (VB; 19/25 neurons). The currents in both nuclei had activation and deactivation kinetics that were very similar to those of GABAB receptor-induced currents, were totally blocked by 0.1 mM Ba2+ and showed voltage-dependent relaxation. These properties indicate that the NPY-sensitive K+ current is mediated by G-protein-activated, inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels. 3. In RT neurons, NPY application reversibly reduced high-voltage-activated (HVA) currents to 33 +/- 5 % (n = 40) of the control level but did not affect the T-type currents. Inhibition of Ca2+ currents was voltage independent and was largely mediated by effects on N- and P/Q-type channels. 4. NPY activation of GIRK channels was mediated via NPY1 receptors, whereas inhibition of N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels was mediated by NPY2 receptors. 5. These results show that neuropeptide Y activates K+ channels and simultaneously inhibits HVA Ca2+ channels via different receptor subtypes.
Rapid Short-Time Path Planning for Phase Space (2011)

This paper addresses optimal motion for general machines. Approximation for optimal motion requires a global path planning algorithm that precisely calculates the whole dynamics of a machine in a brief calculation. We propose a path planning algorithm that consists of path searching and pruning algorithms. The pruning algorithmis based on our analysis of state resemblance in general phase space. To confirm precision, calculation cost, optimality and applicability of the proposed algorithm, we conducted several shortest time path planning experiments for the dynamic models of double inverted pendulums. Precision to reach the goal states of the pendulums was better than other algorithms. Calculation cost was 58 times faster at least. We could tune optimality of proposed algorithm via resolution parameters. A positive correlation between optimality and resolutions was confirmed. Applicability was confirmed in a torque based position and velocity feedback control simulation. As a result of this simulation, the double inverted pendulums tracked planned motion under noise while keeping within torque limitations.
Kernel principal component analysis for texture classification (2001)

Kernel principal component analysis (PCA) has recently been proposed as a nonlinear extension of PCA. The basic idea is to first map the input space into a feature space via a nonlinear map and then compute the principal components in that feature space. This letter illustrates the potential of kernel PCA for texture classification. Accordingly, supervised texture classification was performed using kernel PCA for texture feature extraction. By adopting a polynomial kernel, the principal components were computed within the product space of the input pixels making up the texture patterns, thereby producing a good performance.
Dual-Primal Graph Convolutional Networks (2018)

In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in developing deep learning methods for non-Euclidean structured data such as graphs. In this paper, we propose Dual-Primal Graph CNN, a graph convolutional architecture that alternates convolution-like operations on the graph and its dual. Our approach allows to learn both vertex- and edge features and generalizes the previous graph attention (GAT) model. We provide extensive experimental validation showing state-of-the-art results on a variety of tasks tested on established graph benchmarks, including CORA and Citeseer citation networks as well as MovieLens, Flixter, Douban and Yahoo Music graph-guided recommender systems.
An InGaAs/InP Photodiode with 600mW RF Output Power (2006)

We report an InGaAs/InP charge compensated uni-traveling-carrier photodiode with thick depletion region with RF output power of 600 mW at 2 GHz.
Atrioventricular conduction with and without AV nodal delay: two pathways to the bundle of His in the rabbit heart (2007)

The electrophysiological properties of atrioventricular (AV) nodal dual pathways have traditionally been investigated with premature stimuli delivered with right atrial pacing. However, little is known about the functional characteristics of AV nodal inputs outside of this context. Superfused rabbit triangle of Koch preparations (n = 8) and Langendorff-perfused hearts (n = 10) were paced throughout the triangle of Koch and mapped electrically and optically for activation pattern, electrogram and optical action potential morphologies, stimulation thresholds, and stimulus-His (S-H) intervals. Optical mapping and changes in His electrogram morphology were used to confirm the activation pathway. Pacing stimuli >or=2 mm above the tricuspid valve caused fast-pathway activation of the AV node and His with a threshold of 2.4 +/- 1.6 mA. An area directly below the coronary sinus had high thresholds (8.6 +/- 1.4 mA) that also resulted in fast-pathway excitation (P < 0.001). S-H intervals (81 +/- 19 ms) for fast-pathway activation remained constant throughout the triangle of Koch, reflecting the AV delay. Stimuli applied <2 mm from the tricuspid valve resulted in slow pathway (SP) excitation or direct His excitation (4.4 +/- 2.2 mA threshold; P < 0.001 compared with fast pathway). For SP/His pacing, S-H intervals showed a strong dependence on the distance from the His electrode and were significantly lower than S-H intervals for fast-pathway activation. SP/His pacing also displayed characteristic changes in His electrogram morphology. In conclusion, optical maps and S-H intervals for SP/His activation suggest that AV conduction via SP bypasses the compact AV node via the lower nodal bundle, which may be utilized to achieve long-term ventricular synchronization.
1 THz repetition rate WDM pulse train generation from an arrayed-waveguide grating (2000)

The Arrayed-Waveguide Grating (AWG) has seen considerable development in the past few years [1]. There are now numerous commercial vendors of telecommunication grade devices for use as Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) channel demultiplexors.
A Comprehensive Approach to Designing Internet Security Taxonomy (2006)

With the dramatic increase of the use of the Internet and its applications that require a high level of security services, such as e-commerce transactions and on-line banking, it is quiet useful to formulate a systematic approach to analyze the security services, and countermeasures which are directly associated with each security attack. Taxonomy is one of the keys to understanding the security threats that the Internet is facing today and the countermeasure approaches that should be devised in order to keep the Internet as secure as possible. In this paper, we propose a novel Internet security taxonomy. This taxonomy is based on a mapping of today's Internet security services against the corresponding security attacks and countermeasures. An assessment of the performance of the proposed taxonomy is also discussed.
Route to Attosecond Nonlinear Spectroscopy (2010)

We demonstrate generation of coherent microjoule-scale, low-order harmonic supercontinua in the deep and vacuum ultraviolet (4-9 eV), resulting from the nonlinear transformations of near-single-cycle laser pulses in a gas cell. We show theoretically that their formation is connected to a novel nonlinear regime, holding promise for the generation of powerful deep-UV and vacuum ultraviolet subfemtosecond pulses. Our work opens the route to pump-probe spectroscopy of subfemtosecond-scale valence-shell phenomena in atoms, molecules, and condensed matter.
Past, Present and Future of Hydraulic APU Start Systems (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Hydraulic auxiliary power unit (APU) starters offer several unique advantages over other types of starter designs, including self-sufficiency, versatility and low weight. This paper presents a brief description of hydraulic APU start motors, an overview of two applications and potential trends for the future. Aircraft applications are described in the paper as well as the hydraulic circuit involved in the APU start cycle.</div>
Survey on Algorithms Predicting Performance of Keyword Queries (2014)

Querying using keywords is easily the most widely used form of querying today. Data in database can be easily access with the help of Keyword queries but it may be suffer with low ranking i.e., low precision and/or recall. Responses to keyword searches are often imprecise. It would be beneficial to identify queries having low ranking quality to improve result. Generally in existing systems result is retrieved based on user keyword query, but it may happen that due to low ranking the expected result is discarded. User remains unsatisfied on retrieved result. Hence it is necessary to study different algorithms which help to predict the difficulty level of the keyword query so that alternate query can be used to improve results. This paper provides different algorithms and their comparative study for prediction of difficult keyword queries.
Lower Paraffin Hydrocarbons. Catalytic Conversion by Boron Fluoride with Hydrogen Fluoride. (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLower Paraffin Hydrocarbons. Catalytic Conversion by Boron Fluoride with Hydrogen Fluoride.E. C. Hughes and S. M. DarlingCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 3, 746–750Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50495a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50495a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts