gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Antiangiogenic Factor 16K Human Prolactin Induces Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis by a Mechanism that Requires Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB (2003)

We have previously shown that the 16-kDa N-terminal fragment of human prolactin (16K hPRL) has antiangiogenic properties, including the ability to induce apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells. Here, we examined whether the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway was involved in mediating the apoptotic action of 16K hPRL in bovine adrenal cortex capillary endothelial cells. In a dose-dependent manner, treatment with 16K hPRL induced inhibitor kappaB-alpha degradation permitting translocation of NF-kappaB to the nucleus and reporter gene activation. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by overexpression of a nondegradable inhibitor kappaB-alpha mutant or treatment with NF-kappaB inhibitors blocked 16K hPRL-induced apoptosis. Treatment with 16K hPRL activated the initiator caspases-8 and -9 and the effector caspase-3, all of which were essential for stimulation of DNA fragmentation. This activation of the caspase cascade by 16K hPRL was also NF-kappaB dependent. These findings support the conclusion that NF-kappaB signaling plays a central role in 16K hPRL-induced apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells.
Integrated endoscopy system for simultaneous imaging and spectroscopy for early lung cancer detection (2004)

An integrated endoscopy system for simultaneous imaging and spectroscopy was developed to facilitate more accurate and convenient detection of early lung cancers. A specially designed three-CCD camera in combination with a dedicated light source permits capture of both white-light color images and tissue autofluorescence images without the need to switch between two different cameras. A mirror with an optical fiber at its center, placed at an interim imaging plane inside the camera unit, facilitates simultaneous imaging and spectroscopy measurements in either white-light reflectance mode or fluorescence mode. The system has been successfully tested in a clinic, demonstrating a practical approach to improve both diagnostic sensitivity and specificity at the same time.
A cyber-physical system approach to artificial pancreas design (2013)

Healthcare costs in the US are among the highest in the world. Widespread chronic diseases such as diabetes constitute a significant cause of rising healthcare costs. Despite the increased need for smart healthcare systems that monitor patients' body balance, there is no coherent theory that facilitates the design and optimization of efficient and robust cyber physical systems. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for capturing the dynamics of blood glucose characteristics (e.g., time dependent fractal behavior) observed in real world measurements via fractional calculus concepts. Building on our time dependent fractal model, we propose a novel mathematical model as well as hardware architecture for an artificial pancreas that relies on solving a constrained multi-fractal optimal control problem for regulating insulin injection. We verify the accuracy of our mathematical model by comparing it to conventional nonfractal models using real world measurements and showing that the nonlinear optimal controller based on fractal calculus concepts is superior to nonfractal controllers. We also verified the feasibility of in silico realization of the proposed optimal control algorithm by prototyping on FPGA platform.
A micro-integrated Peltier heat pump for localized on-chip temperature control (2002)

A thin film Peltier heat pump was fabricated using standard semiconductor patterning and etching techniques. The device consisted of chrome-gold and bismuth telluride metallization to form the thermoelectric junctions. The device achieved a maximum heat pumping rate of -30 /spl mu/W at a current of 1.03 mA when operating in the cooling mode. These values were less than what was expected due to excessive resistance in the chrome-gold and bismuth-telluride metallization. Thermal isolation of the Peltier heat pump on a 1.8 /spl mu/m thick oxide bridge was used to enhance device performance. The Peltier device succeeded in lowering the temperature of the oxide bridge 1.5/spl deg/C below ambient. The initial thermal response time in the cooling mode was 10 ms//spl deg/C, with a thermal relaxation time of 9 ms//spl deg/C.
Murine infection by vesicular stomatitis virus: initial characterization of the H-2d system (1991)

BALB/c mice and congenic H-2Ld-deficient BALB/c-H-2dm2 (dm2) mice were experimentally infected intranasally with isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The survival of infected hosts, viral replication in lungs and brains, and histopathologic in the two mouse strains were compared. In both strains of mice, mortality occurred during the period 7 to 10 days postinfection. However, dm2 mice were relatively resistant to lethal infections. Viral replication occurred at low levels in the lungs of both strains and did not evoke significant pathologic changes. In contrast, viral replication in the brains was much greater; in the BALB/c strain, this was accompanied by more frequent and more severe pathologic changes. In general, mice surviving at day 10 had effectively cleared virus from central nervous system but not respiratory sites. Evidence is presented that viral replication occurs first in the nasal cavity and is transmitted both to the lungs and to the olfactory bulb where focal cytopathology occurs. Virus enters the ventricles, causing encephalitis; necrosis occurs around the ventricles and in the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord. Necrotic lesions were accompanied by mononuclear infiltration. Mice immunized with virus of the same serotype or with a vaccinia virus hybrid encoding the VSV glycoprotein were protected from lethal infection; in contrast, mice immunized with heterotypic virus were susceptible to challenge.
New Columnar and Mixed-Bed Ion Exchange Methods for Surfactant Analysis and Purification (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Columnar and Mixed-Bed Ion Exchange Methods for Surfactant Analysis and PurificationM. E. Ginn and C. L. ChurchCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 4, 551–555Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50164a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50164a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Minireview: Effects of Different HT Formulations on Cognition (2012)

Evidence from preclinical studies, randomized clinical trials (RCT), and observational studies underscores the importance of distinguishing among the different forms of estrogen and progestogens when evaluating the cognitive effects of hormone therapy (HT) in women. Despite this evidence, there is a lack of direct comparisons of different HT regimens. To provide insights into the effects of different HT formulations on cognition, this minireview focuses on RCT of verbal memory because evidence indicates that HT affects this cognitive domain more than others and because declines in verbal memory predict later development of Alzheimer's disease. Some observational studies indicate that estradiol confers benefits to verbal memory, whereas conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) confer risks. RCT to date show no negative impact of CEE on verbal memory, including the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging. Similarly, the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study showed no negative impact of CEE on dementia. Transdermal estradiol in younger postmenopausal women improved verbal memory in one small RCT but had no effect in another RCT. RCT of oral estradiol in younger and older postmenopausal women had neutral effects on cognitive function. In contrast, RCT show a negative impact of CEE plus medroxyprogesterone acetate on verbal memory in younger and older postmenopausal women. Small RCT show neutral or beneficial effects of other progestins on memory. Overall, RCT indicate that type of progestogen is a more important determinant of the effects of HT on memory than type of estrogen.
Regio- and Stereospecific Synthesis of β-Sulfonamidodisulfides and β-Sulfonamidosulfides from Aziridines using Tetrathiomolybdate as a Sulfur Transfer Reagent (2007)

A comprehensive study of a general and effective one-step procedure for the synthesis of beta-sulfonamidodisulfides directly from N-tosyl aziridines in a regio- and stereospecific manner under neutral conditions without the use of any Lewis acid or base has been reported. This methodology is extended to the synthesis of an optically pure cyclic seven-membered disulfide 29. Synthesis of a variety of beta-sulfonamidosulfides involving tandem, multistep reactions in one pot is also reported.
The Role of Lysosomes and Proteases in Hormone Secretion and Degradation (1981)

In endocrine cells, complex relationships exist between the lysosome and hormone secretion. These relationships may have developed from a common evolutionary origin. As lysosomal and secretory systems evolved, diverse functional relationships developed between them. From a basic intracellular “digestive” role, lysosomes and their proteolytic enzymes developed new and varied origins and functions in hormone processing, release, and intraand extracellular degradation. 1.1 Proteolytic enzymes and hormone availability Hormone effects are a function of the availability of hormone at target receptors. Proteolytic enzymes can have an important role in regulating the availability of hormone by: 1) increasing the intracellular production of secreted forms from precursors, 2) facilitating release or exocytosis, 3) decreasing intracellular concentrations by degradation of excessive intracellular hormone, 4) inactivation or activation of hormone by proteolytic enzymes in serum, and 5) degradation of hormone in target tissues (Table 1). Interrelationships between lysosomal enzymes and secretory pathways are shown in Fig. 1.
Effect Of MOS Device Scaling On Process Induced Gate Charging (1997)

Plasma induced gate charging damage is evaluated for advanced processes with ultra thin oxides. It is found that thinning the gate oxide results in increased damage up to a point. Beyond thiat, damage is reduced significantly due to direct tunneling current. Additionally, it is shown that diodes with breakdown voltages higher than oxide breakdown still offer protection against damage (piroportional to their area) while gated diodes offer improved protection. Elevated temperature during charging has been found to increase oxide degradation and PMOS structures have been found much more susceptible. Physical models are provided for these findings.
Identification of Human-Pathogenic Strains of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Food by a Combination of Serotyping and Molecular Typing of Shiga Toxin Genes (2007)

We examined 219 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains from meat, milk, and cheese samples collected in Germany between 2005 and 2006. All strains were investigated for their serotypes and for genetic variants of Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2). stx(1) or variant genes were detected in 88 (40.2%) strains and stx(2) and variants in 177 (80.8%) strains. Typing of stx genes was performed by stx-specific PCRs and by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of PCR products. Major genotypes of the Stx1 (stx(1), stx(1c), and stx(1d)) and the Stx2 (stx(2), stx(2d), stx(2-O118), stx(2e), and stx(2g)) families were detected, and multiple types of stx genes coexisted frequently in STEC strains. Only 1.8% of the STEC strains from food belonged to the classical enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) types O26:H11, O103:H2, and O157:H7, and only 5.0% of the STEC strains from food were positive for the eae gene, which is a virulence trait of classical EHEC. In contrast, 95 (43.4%) of the food-borne STEC strains carried stx(2) and/or mucus-activatable stx(2d) genes, an indicator for potential high virulence of STEC for humans. Most of these strains belonged to serotypes associated with severe illness in humans, such as O22:H8, O91:H21, O113:H21, O174:H2, and O174:H21. stx(2) and stx(2d) STEC strains were found frequently in milk and beef products. Other stx types were associated more frequently with pork (stx(2e)), lamb, and wildlife meat (stx(1c)). The combination of serotyping and stx genotyping was found useful for identification and for assignment of food-borne STEC to groups with potential lower and higher levels of virulence for humans.
Analyzing the color, design, and texture of fabric (1993)

Published May 1978. Reprinted May 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Ultrasonic Enhancement of Drainage Material Filterability (2006)

Various research studies have been undertaken in an effort to enhance the filterability of drainage material for soil improvement in land reclamation work. The principal concern with existing drainage strategies is that their effectiveness decreases significantly with time, due to clogging of the soil. In this study, we investigated the enhancement of drain filterability with the application of ultrasound. Specially designed and fabricated equipment was used to apply ultrasonic energy to the soil samples during experimentation. The results showed that the application of ultrasonic energy significantly increased the filterability of the soil samples. Thus, these results advocate the use of ultrasound for enhanced drainage filterability.
Antibiotics in Aquaculture: An Overview (2011)

The presence of antibiotic compounds in terrestrial and aquatic environment is of higher interest world wide due to the emergence as dangerous pollutants of the environment and to the human health. Fish and shrimp aquaculture is recognized as an important livelihood, which has good economic returns. Thus vast arrays of antibiotics are applied to the aquaculture in a belief that it will enhance the production and also in a hope that it will improve the socio economic profile in developing countries. But the bane of antibiotics to the marine and other aquatic ecosystems is not considered to a larger extent. The accessibility of the great number of antibiotics, already standard for human use, makes them a precious source for treatment of other, than infectious, diseases in humans and animals. This review paper highlights the usage of antibiotics and their impacts in aquaculture environment.
Metallocene-catalyzed olefin polymerizations using triphenylcyclopropenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate as the activator (2003)

Triphenylcyclopropenium (TPCP) tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate activates bis(cyclopentadienyl)dimethyl titanium resulting in a highly reactive initiating system for the polymerization of styrene. In contrast to triphenylmethyl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate which is quite active in the absence of the metallocene, TPCP borate shows no activity for styrene polymerization in the absence of bis(cyclopentadienyl)dimethyl titanium. TPCP is the most efficient activator in the carbonium ion  borate class. We propose, based on 1 H NMR evidence that reaction of Cp 2 TiMe 2 and TPCP borate leads to the formation of the cationic Ti complex [Cp 2 TiMe] + B(C 6 F 5 ) 4  . Evidence for the latter is also provided by UVvis spectroscopy in that we found a bathochromic shift of the Cp 2 TiMe 2 LMCT absorption band from 361 to 482 nm in CH 2 Cl 2 and 487 nm in toluene, respectively. Thermal decomposition of the cationic complex [Cp 2 TiMe] + B(C 6 F 5 ) 4  leads to less activity. The systems are good catalysts for ethylene polymerization as well, but are less active when using propylene. A conventional ZieglerNatta coordination polymerization mechanism accounts for ethylene and propylene polymerization while a carbocationic polymerization mechanism is proposed for styrene.Key words: triphenylcyclopropenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, bis(cyclopentadienyl)dimethyl titanium, activator, olefin polymerization.
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Based on <i>tert</i>-Butyl Methacrylate and 2-(<i>N</i>-Methylperfluorobutanesulfonamido)ethyl Methacrylate and Its Behavior in Water (2001)

Di- and triblock copolymers of tert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA) and 2-(N-methylperfluorobutanesulfonamido)ethyl methacrylate (FMA) were synthesized by sequential anionic polymerization. These polymers were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography and 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The microphase separation of bulk samples was studied by atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. Thermal annealing of the block copolymers at 200 °C yielded inter- and intramolecular anhydrides due to the splitting of the ester having tert-butyl groups connected with isobutene formation. This conversion was followed by time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The anhydrides can be transformed into the sodium salt of methacrylic acid units in 1 N NaOH under reflux. The thermal ester splitting of the tBMA block at 200 °C did not influence the FMA block. The obtained block copolymers were soluble in water when the FMA content was less than 10 mol %. The behavior of these solutions was studied by various experimental methods. The critical micelle concentration was obtained by surface tension measurements. The micelle dimensions were determined by dynamic light scattering. The size and inner structure of the micelles were investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering and could also be observed by transmission electron microscopy after transfer of the diluted solutions onto carbon films. Typical polyelectrolyte effects were observed by viscosity measurements for PtBMA only. For block copolymers the aggregation behavior is dominating even at very low concentrations.
A Naturally Occurring Proline-to-Alanine Amino Acid Change in Fks1p in <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> , <i>Candida orthopsilosis</i> , and <i>Candida metapsilosis</i> Accounts for Reduced Echinocandin Susceptibility (2008)

Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Method of Decreasing the Deviation of Corrected Engine Torque using Knock Correction Rate in Gasoline Engine Performance Test on Dynamometer (2008)

Recent trends of development in small size gasoline engines are both to have higher compression ratio for the purpose of improved fuel consumption and to advance spark timing up to DBL in a low to mid engine speed region for a good acceleration performance of vehicles. However, there occurs the deviation of corrected engine torque results during engine performance test on dynamometer because test conditions influence the onset of knock. Therefore, this research shows the test deviation of corrected engine torque decreases when knock correction rate is used.