gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response and determinants of sensitivity to paclitaxel in human non-small cell lung cancer tumors heterotransplanted in nude mice. (2000)

The lack of tumor models that can reliably predict for response to anticancer agents remains a major deficiency in the field of experimental cancer therapy. Although heterotransplants of certain human solid tumors can be successfully grown in nude mice, they have never been appropriately explored for prediction of in vivo chemosensitivity to anticancer agents. We determined the tumor response rate and studied the influence of several biological and molecular tumor parameters on the in vivo sensitivity to paclitaxel in a series of heterotransplanted human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. One hundred consecutive resected NSCLC tumors were heterotransplanted s.c. in nude mice. The in vivo sensitivity to i.v. paclitaxel (60 mg/kg every 3 weeks) was studied in 34 successfully grown heterotransplants. Treatment started when the tumors reached a size of 5 mm in diameter, and strict standard clinical criteria (>50% shrinkage in tumor weight or cross-sectional surface) were used to define tumor response. Baseline multidrug resistance protein (MRP), Her-2/neu, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, and pre- and posttherapy bax and bcl-2 expression were determined by Western blot analysis. p53 status was determined by sequencing. The overall take rate was 46% (95% confidence interval, 36-56%) and was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for squamous carcinoma tumors (75%) than for adenocarcinoma tumors (30%) and bronchoalveolar tumors (23%). The heterotransplants were morphologically very similar to the original tumors. The response rate to paclitaxel was 21% (95% confidence interval, 9-38%). Baseline tumor parameters associated with response were no Her-2/neu expression (none of the responding tumors expressed Her-2/neu versus 48% of the nonresponding tumors, P = 0.05) and baseline bcl-2 expression (all responding tumors expressed bcl-2 versus only 43% of the nonresponding tumors, P = 0.02). There was a trend toward a higher response rate in bax-positive tumors, and MRP- and EGFR-negative tumors, but it was not statistically significant. The response was independent of baseline p53 status and baseline mitotic index. Responding tumors had a higher bax/bcl-2 ratio 24 h after therapy, but the difference was only marginally significant (2.8 for responding tumors versus 1.1 for nonresponding tumors, P = 0.07). The extent of mitotic arrest at 24 h after therapy was not associated with response. Human NSCLC heterotransplants are morphologically identical to the original tumors and have a response rate to paclitaxel that is equivalent to that reported in Phase II studies in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with single-agent paclitaxel. NSCLC heterotransplants deserve to be explored to evaluate new agents for lung cancer and to predict clinical response on an individual basis in selected groups of patients.
Chemical Processing Handbook (1993)

Written by more than 40 world renowned authorities in the field, this reference presents information on plant design, significant chemical reactions, and processing operations in industrial use - offering shortcut calculation methods wherever possible.
Catalytic Activities of Cu(II) Complexes with Nitrogen-Chelating Bidentate Ligands in the Coupling of Imidazoles with Arylboronic Acids (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTCatalytic Activities of Cu(II) Complexes with Nitrogen-Chelating Bidentate Ligands in the Coupling of Imidazoles with Arylboronic AcidsJames P. Collman, Min Zhong, Chi Zhang, and Simona CostanzoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080 %[email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 23, 7892–7897Publication Date (Web):October 19, 2001Publication History Received15 June 2001Published online19 October 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo010615uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo010615ubrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3694Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Counterions,Coupling reactions,Imidazoles,Ligands,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
The Formation of Life-sustaining Planets in Extrasolar Systems (2003)

The spatial exploration is providing us a large quantity of information about the composition of the planets and satellites crusts. However, most of the experiences that are proposed in the guides of activities in Planetary Geology are based exclusively on the images utilization: photographs, maps, models or artistic reconstructions [1,2]. That things help us to recognize shapes and to deduce geological processes, but they says us little about the materials that they are implicated. In order to avoid this dicotomy between shapes and materials, we have designed an experience in the one which, employing of rocks and landscapes of our geological environment more next, the pupils be able to do an exercise of compared planetology analyzing shapes, processes and material of several planetary bodies of the Solar System.
Ferroelectricity of nondoped thin HfO<sub>2</sub> films in TiN/HfO<sub>2</sub>/TiN stacks (2016)

Abstract We report on the impact of TiN interfaces on the ferroelectricity of nondoped HfO 2 . Ferroelectric properties of nondoped HfO 2 in TiN/HfO 2 /TiN stacks are shown in capacitance–voltage and polarization–voltage characteristics. The Curie temperature is also estimated to be around 500 °C. The ferroelectricity of nondoped HfO 2 clearly appears by thinning HfO 2 film down to ∼35 nm. We directly revealed in thermal treatments that the ferroelectric HfO 2 film on TiN was maintained by covering the top surface of HfO 2 with TiN, while it was followed by a phase transition to the paraelectric phase in the case of the open surface of HfO 2 . Thus, it is concluded that the ferroelectricity in nondoped HfO 2 in this study was mainly driven by both of top and bottom TiN interfaces.
A 3D building blocks approach to analyzing and predicting structure of proteins (1989)

A new approach is introduced for analyzing and ultimately predicting protein structures, defined at the level of C alpha coordinates. We analyze hexamers (oligopeptides of six amino acid residues) and show that their structure tends to concentrate in specific clusters rather than vary continuously. Thus, we can use a limited set of standard structural building blocks taken from these clusters as representatives of the repertoire of observed hexamers. We demonstrate that protein structures can be approximated by concatenating such building blocks. We have identified about 100 building blocks by applying clustering algorithms, and have shown that they can "replace" about 76% of all hexamers in well-refined known proteins with an error of less than 1 A, and can be joined together to cover 99% of the residues. After replacing each hexamer by a standard building block with similar conformation, we can approximately reconstruct the actual structure by smoothly joining the overlapping building blocks into a full protein. The reconstructed structures show, in most cases, high resemblance to the original structure, although using a limited number of building blocks and local criteria of concatenating them is not likely to produce a very precise global match. Since these building blocks reflect, in many cases, some sequence dependency, it may be possible to use the results of this study as a basis for a protein structure prediction procedure.
A Quantum-Inspired Ensemble Method and Quantum-Inspired Forest Regressors (2017)

We propose a Quantum-Inspired Subspace(QIS) Ensemble Method for generating feature ensembles based on feature selections. We assign each principal component a Fraction Transition Probability as its probability weight based on Principal Component Analysis and quantum interpretations. In order to generate the feature subset for each base regressor, we select a feature subset from principal components based on Fraction Transition Probabilities. The idea originating from quantum mechanics can encourage ensemble diversity and the accuracy simultaneously. We incorporate Quantum-Inspired Subspace Method into Random Forest and propose Quantum-Inspired Forest. We theoretically prove that the quantum interpretation corresponds to the first order approximation of ensemble regression. We also evaluate the empirical performance of Quantum-Inspired Forest and Random Forest in multiple hyperparameter settings. Quantum-Inspired Forest proves the significant robustness of the default hyperparameters on most data sets. The contribution of this work is two-fold, a novel ensemble regression algorithm inspired by quantum mechanics and the theoretical connection between quantum interpretations and machine learning algorithms.
Roles of the average voice in speaker-adaptive HMM-based speech synthesis (2010)

In speaker-adaptive HMM-based speech synthesis, there are typically a few speakers for which the output synthetic speech sounds worse than that of other speakers, despite having the same amount of adaptation data from within the same corpus.This paper investigates these fluctuations in quality and concludes that as mel-cepstral distance from the average voice becomes larger, the MOS naturalness scores generally become worse.Although this negative correlation is not that strong, it suggests a way to improve the training and adaptation strategies.We also draw comparisons between our findings and the work of other researchers regarding "vocal attractiveness.
Regulation of hydrogen sulfide liberation in wine-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains by assimilable nitrogen (1995)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine-producing yeast cultures grown under model winemaking conditions could be induced to liberate hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by starvation for assimilable nitrogen. The amount of H2S produced was dependent on the yeast strain, the sulfur precursor compound, the culture growth rate, and the activity of the sulfite reductase enzyme (EC 1.8.1.2) immediately before nitrogen depletion. Increased H2S formation relative to its utilization by metabolism was not a consequence of a de novo synthesis of sulfite reductase. The greatest amount of H2S was produced when nitrogen became depleted during the exponential phase of growth or during growth on amino acids capable of supporting short doubling times. Both sulfate and sulfite were able to act as substrates for the generation of H2S in the absence of assimilable nitrogen; however, sulfate reduction was tightly regulated, leading to limited H2S liberation, whereas sulfite reduction appeared to be uncontrolled. In addition to ammonium, most amino acids were able to suppress the liberation of excess H2S when added as sole sources of nitrogen, particularly for one of the strains studied. Cysteine was the most notable exception, inducing the liberation of H2S at levels exceeding that of the nitrogen-depleted control. Threonine and proline also proved to be poor substitutes for ammonium. These data suggest that any compound that can efficiently generate sulfide-binding nitrogenous precursors of organic sulfur compounds will prevent the liberation of excess H2S.
A Potential Low NOx Emission Combustor for Gas Turbines Using the Concept of Hybrid Combustion (1977)

An experimentally verified NOx emission model has been described previously to predict accurately the NOx emission characteristics of conventional gas turbine combustors as well as laboratory scaled premixed combustor. Experimental data and analyses indicated that a hybrid combustor, which utilizes features of both the conventional and the premixed combustors, has the potential to be a viable low NOx emission combustor. Initial calculations indicated low NOx emission levels for the hybrid combustor. This hybrid combustion concept was tested in the laboratory. The measured NOx emissions from this laboratory-scaled hybrid combustor were in excellent agreement with the analytical predictions. The emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons were also measured. It has been concluded from an analysis of the measured data that a gas turbine combustor, designed with the hybrid combustion concept, has the best potential to be a near-term viable combustor in meeting the EPA proposed gas turbine emission regulations. The experimental effort thus far has focused on the emission characteristics. Other areas of the design, such as the vaporization of liquid fuels, require additional development work prior to the incorporation of this concept into a viable system for an engine application.
Whole-Genome Sequencing for High-Resolution Investigation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiology and Genome Plasticity (2014)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections pose a major challenge in health care, yet the limited heterogeneity within this group hinders molecular investigations of related outbreaks. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has been the gold standard approach but is impractical for many clinical laboratories and is often replaced with PCR-based methods. Regardless, both approaches can prove problematic for identifying subclonal outbreaks. Here, we explore the use of whole-genome sequencing for clinical laboratory investigations of MRSA molecular epidemiology. We examine the relationships of 44 MRSA isolates collected over a period of 3 years by using whole-genome sequencing and two PCR-based methods, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and spa typing. We find that MLVA offers higher resolution than spa typing, as it resolved 17 versus 12 discrete isolate groups, respectively. In contrast, whole-genome sequencing reproducibly cataloged genomic variants (131,424 different single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels across the strain collection) that uniquely identified each MRSA clone, recapitulating those groups but enabling higher-resolution phylogenetic inferences of the epidemiological relationships. Importantly, whole-genome sequencing detected a significant number of variants, thereby distinguishing between groups that were considered identical by both spa typing (minimum, 1,124 polymorphisms) and MLVA (minimum, 193 polymorphisms); this suggests that these more conventional approaches can lead to false-positive identification of outbreaks due to inappropriate grouping of genetically distinct strains. An analysis of the distribution of variants across the MRSA genome reveals 47 mutational hot spots (comprising ∼ 2.5% of the genome) that account for 23.5% of the observed polymorphisms, and the use of this selected data set successfully recapitulates most epidemiological relationships in this pathogen group.
Phenotypic Study of Human Gingival Fibroblasts Labeled With Superparamagnetic Anionic Nanoparticles (2006)

After labeling with these maghemite nanoparticles, HGF increased secretion of IL-1beta at D1, probably inducing the increase of MMP-1, -2, and -3 and TIMP-2. The increase of IL-4 secretion began with the decreased synthesis of MMPs and TIMPs at D3. Despite this transitory inflammatory reaction at 3 days following internalization, maghemite nanoparticles did not affect HGF phenotype, thereby authorizing their use as labelers.
Broadband circular polarizer using stacked chiral polymer films (2007)

A scattering-free broadband (9 similar to 120 nm bandwidth) circular polarizer is demonstrated by stacking three chiral polymer films with different pitch lengths. Using 4x4 matrix method, we have theoretically simulated the transmission spectra of each chiral polymer film and the three stacked films. Simulation results agree well with experiment. A broadband circular polarizer with bandwidth ranging from 400 to 736 nm can be achieved by stacking 8 such chiral polymer films together. Simulation results indicate that if a high birefringence (Delta n similar to 0.35) polymer film is employed the number of films can be reduced to three. Potential applications of these circular polarizers for liquid crystal displays, optical communications, and optical remote sensors are discussed.
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate cortex by infusion of an NMDA receptor antagonist (1990)

To assess the possibility that NMDA receptors play a special role in visual cortical plasticity, the selective antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) was continuously infused into the striate cortex of kittens as the visual environment was manipulated during the critical period. The cortex was studied using single-unit recording from sites between 3 and 6 mm from the infusion cannulae. One week of D,L-APV infusion coincident with monocular deprivation or "reverse suture" produced a concentration-dependent increase in the percentage of neurons that (1) lacked normal orientation selectivity and (2) were responsive to stimulation of the deprived eye. These effects outlasted the presence of the drug in the tissue. APV treatment also prevented the acquisition of selectivity and visual responsiveness that normally results from monocular visual experience after dark-rearing. Lasting effects of chronic APV infusion were not observed in adult striate cortex. The effects of APV on kitten striate cortex depended on the presence of the D stereoisomer as infusion of L-APV was without effect. Estimates of extracellular concentration using 3H-APV indicated that significant effects could be obtained with concentrations as low as 20 microM D,L-APV. Recordings from units during infusion indicated that visual responses were reduced by APV. Nonetheless, a normal percentage of visually responsive neurons was found at sites greater than or equal to 3 mm from the infusion cannula. There was no evidence that chronic APV infusion affected the sampling frequency of recorded neurons or disrupted cytoarchitecture at the sites further than 3 mm from the infusion cannula. Taken together, the data indicate that the effects of APV on kitten striate cortex are likely due specifically to the blockade of NMDA receptors. These data are considered in relation to several hypotheses concerning the role of NMDA receptors in the experience-dependent development of striate cortex.
Behavior of urban residents toward the discarding of waste electrical and electronic equipment: a case study in Baoding, China (2012)

The volume of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is growing rapidly worldwide, making its management difficult; therefore, this should be improved as a matter of urgency. WEEE includes both essential household appliances [including televisions, refrigerators, and washing machines; but not air conditioners, where the consumption mode is more like information, communication and technology (ICT)] ICT equipment (also called high-tech household appliances). In the present study, Baoding, a medium-sized, prefecture-level city in north central China with a population of 11 million, including 1.1 million urban residents, was selected as a representative city for an investigation of recycling behaviors. A valid sample size of 346 households in Baoding was investigated, and categorized into various income and educational levels. The results showed that the major reason for discarding WEEE was malfunction of the appliance, accounting for 52% of disposals. Surveyed households with either high income or good education were more likely to consume high-tech household appliances, attracted by advanced technology, versatile functions or flexibility of use. Personal computer ownership rates were highest in households with a high income and good education-1.2 and 0.9 per home respectively. WEEE was most often sold to peddlers or hawkers from where the WEEE flowed into the second-hand market to be refurbished or repaired, and then re-sold. However, 56.3% of residents in the college community were in support of charging consumers for disposal and 61.7% were in support of including a disposal surcharge in the purchase price of new products-a percentage approximately three times that for high-income residents. Thus, high educational level appears to be currently the most important factor in raising the potential of a household's willingness to pay for WEEE treatment cost. The findings of this study can be used to develop sound recycling systems for WEEE in mainland China.
A Low-Cost Microcontroller-based Weather Monitoring System (2006)

The measurements of temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity remotely by using the appropriate sensors is not only important in environmental or weather monitoring but also crucial for many industrial processes. A device for weather monitoring has been developed as described in this paper to monitor and display the tem- perature, pressure and relative humidity of the atmosphere, using analogue and digital components. The analogue outputs of the sensors are connected to a microcontroller through an ADC for digital signal conversion and data logging. An LCD display is also connected to the microcontroller to display the measurements. For analysis and archiving purposes, the data can be transferred to a PC with a graphical user interface program through a USB link. The interface program allows sampling parameters such as the date and time of the data-logging operation to be configured. The device has many advantages as compared to other weather monitoring systems in terms of its smaller size, huge memory capacities, on-device display, lower cost and greater portability.
Frontiers in electronic media (1997)

collaborative work and design, universal libraries, translations, reconstructions, interpretations, conceptual navigation, and agents-suggest how new media will transform publishing and entertainment.
Trends in Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Associations With All-Cause and CVD Mortality Among US Adults (2012)

Meeting a greater number of cardiovascular health metrics was associated with a lower risk of total and CVD mortality, but the prevalence of meeting all 7 cardiovascular health metrics was low in the study population.
Methodological Considerations to Understand the Sensory Function of TRP Channels (2010)

Transient Receptor Potential channels are exquisite molecular transducers of multiple physical and chemical stimuli, hence the raising interest to study their relevance to Sensory Biology. Here we discuss a number of aspects of the biophysical and pharmacological properties of TRP channels, which we consider essential for a clear understanding of their sensory function in vivo. By examining concrete examples extracted from recent literature we illustrate that TRP channel research is a field in motion, and that many established dogmas on biophysical properties, drug specificity and physiological role are continuously reshaped, and sometimes even dismantled.