gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Stability of 8-Methoxypsoralen in Ointments for Topical PUVA Therapy (‘Cream-PUVA’) (1999)

8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is an established photochemotherapeutic agent for PUVA therapy. Recently, a so-called 'cream-PUVA' modality was introduced into therapy of psoriasis and other dermatoses. Little is known, however, about the stability of 8-MOP in ointments used for the topical application of this compound. Therefore, we investigated the long-term stability of 8-MOP in three different ointments, Unguentum Cordes(TM), Cold Cream Naturel(TM) and a water-containing gel on the basis of Carbopol 940. All three ointments were prepared with 8-MOP concentrations of 0.05 and 0.005%, and stored over 12 weeks at room temperature (19-20 degrees C) and at 5 degrees C. 8-MOP concentrations were measured at days 1, 8, 15, 29, 57 and 88 after preparation by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The ointments were dissolved in an organic solvent, 10 microl were transferred onto the TLC plate and the chromatograms were developed first in toluene and then in toluene/ethyl acetate 2:1 v/v to resolve 8-MOP from the ointment constituents. The peak heights of 8-MOP were used for quantitation. The intraday variabilities are <3% for Unguentum Cordes and Cold Cream Naturel and <6% for the Carbopol 940 gel. The interday variabilities were <6.3% in all cases. In Unguentum Cordes and Cold Cream Naturel the concentrations of 8-MOP remain stable, but in Unguentum Cordes the emulsion began to break up after 8 weeks. In the Carbopol gel, only about 40% of the nominal concentrations of 8-MOP were found and they decrease significantly at storage at 5 degrees C. We conclude that the Carbopol gel seems to be unsuitable for PUVA therapy, whereas Cold Cream Naturel shows the best results.
Numerical Simulation of Callus Healing for Optimization of Fracture Fixation Stiffness (2014)

The stiffness of fracture fixation devices together with musculoskeletal loading defines the mechanical environment within a long bone fracture, and can be quantified by the interfragmentary movement. In vivo results suggested that this can have acceleratory or inhibitory influences, depending on direction and magnitude of motion, indicating that some complications in fracture treatment could be avoided by optimizing the fixation stiffness. However, general statements are difficult to make due to the limited number of experimental findings. The aim of this study was therefore to numerically investigate healing outcomes under various combinations of shear and axial fixation stiffness, and to detect the optimal configuration. A calibrated and established numerical model was used to predict fracture healing for numerous combinations of axial and shear fixation stiffness under physiological, superimposed, axial compressive and translational shear loading in sheep. Characteristic maps of healing outcome versus fixation stiffness (axial and shear) were created. The results suggest that delayed healing of 3 mm transversal fracture gaps will occur for highly flexible or very rigid axial fixation, which was corroborated by in vivo findings. The optimal fixation stiffness for ovine long bone fractures was predicted to be 1000-2500 N/mm in the axial and >300 N/mm in the shear direction. In summary, an optimized, moderate axial stiffness together with certain shear stiffness enhances fracture healing processes. The negative influence of one improper stiffness can be compensated by adjustment of the stiffness in the other direction.
Use of a customer satisfaction survey by health care regulators: a tool for total quality management. (1997)

Responses to the survey identified a number of specific areas of concern; these findings are being incorporated into the continuous quality improvement program of the office.
Reconstruction of buried objects surrounded by small inhomogeneities (2000)

This paper deals with the reconstruction of the boundary and the permittivity of homogeneous objects from synthetic data. The method is based on a rigorous integral method and a conjugate gradient algorithm requiring the solution of only two direct problems at each step. To model some noise resulting from the inhomogeneity of the background, this object is surrounded by a set of point-like scatterers, arbitrarily distributed between the two parallel lines of measurement. Since convergence of the algorithm strongly depends on the initial guess, a method to detect a target in a random medium has been adapted. Statistical numerical results for reconstruction in a crosswell configuration are also presented.
Development of a Mechatronical Device to Measure Plantar Pressure for Medical Prevention of Gait Issues (2006)

A medically helpful mechatronical device for natural gait analysis is proposed. This consists of an instrumented shoe equipped with eight force sensors. The instantaneous plantar pressures are recorded by a personal digital assistant (PDA) belted on the patient hips. This article describes this original concept and the first results of its use
Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: 1. Design of a soil‐derived dust emission scheme (1995)

A soil‐derived dust emission scheme has been designed to provide an explicit representation of the desert dust sources for the atmospheric transport models dealing with the simulation of the desert dust cycle. Two major factors characterizing the erodible surface are considered: (1) the size distribution of the erodible loose particles of the soil which controls the erosion threshold and the emission strength and (2) the surface roughness which imposes the efficient wind friction velocity acting on the erodible surface. These two parameters are included in a formulation of the threshold wind friction velocity by adapting a size‐dependent parameterization proposed by Iversen and White (1982) and by applying to the rough erodible surfaces a drag partition scheme derived from Arya (1975). This parameterization of the threshold friction velocity has been included in an horizontal flux equation proposed by White (1979). This allows to attribute a specific production rate to each soil size range for each type of surface. The dust flux F is then considered as a fraction of the total horizontal flux G, the value of the ratio F/G being imposed, at this time, by the soil clay content. In summary, the computed mass fluxes depend on the soil size distribution, the roughness lengths, and the wind friction velocity. The different steps of this scheme have been independently validated by comparison with relevant experimental data. Globally, the agreement is satisfying, so that the dust fluxes could be retrieved with less uncertainties than those observed in previous simulations of the desert dust cycle.
Role of microtubules and myosins in Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis (2006)

Microtubules serve as tracks for vesicular traffic in both phagosome formation and phagosome maturation. In the process of phagosome formation, endomembrane vesicles are delivered to the membrane of the forming phagosomes to supply membrane. This localized endomembrane delivery, referred to as focal exocytosis, facilitates pseudopod extension for the purpose of engulfing large particles. The microtubule-based transport system is the most likely candidate for such targeted vesicle trafficking to the forming phagosomes. During their maturation process, phagosomes interact with early and late endosomes and finally fuse with lysosomes. Although phagosomal membrane fusion with other membranous compartments does not require microtubules, bi-directional transport and positioning of the two organelles on microtubules are necessary for their close positioning and subsequent membrane fusion. Microtubules are also responsible for vesicle trafficking along the antigen presentation pathway for phagocytosed materials. Some classes of myosin are involved in diverse processes of Fc gamma receptor (FcgR)-mediated phagocytosis as force generators and actin-based transport motors. The role of myosin II in phagocytic cup squeezing is complementary to the classical zipper closure model. Myosin Ic and myosin X seem to be key players in extending and closing phagocytic-cup pseudopod. Other classes of myosin may also be involved in phagosomal movement. Myosin V may control short-range phagosome movement and relay phagosomes to the long-range linear transport system using microtubules.
Notes on the Anatomy of <i>Victaphanta Atramentaria</i> (Shuttleworth) and <i>V. Compacta</i> (Cox and Hedley), and the Designation of a Neotype for <i>V. Atramentaria</i> (1970)

Summary A neotype for Victaphanta atramentaria (Shuttleworth) is designated, and its anatomy is described and compared with that of V. compacta (Cox and Hedley).
Enhancement Of Dissolution Rate Of Meloxicam (2001)

Solid dispersions of meloxicam (MX) in polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) and solvent deposited systems on lactose, soluble starch, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), dicalcium phosphate (DCP), silica gel and their selected tablet formulations were investigated with an objective of enhancing the dissolution rate of MX. A marked enhancement in the dissolution rate and dissolution efficiency of MX was observed with all solid dispersions and solvent deposited systems. Among the carriers used in solid dispersions PVP gave highest enhancement (19 fold) in the dissolution rate of MX at 9:1 ratio of drug and carrier and in the case of solvent deposited systems MCC and DCP gave an improvement of 13.1 and 17.5 fold in the dissolution rate of MX respectively at 1:2 ratio of drug and excipient when compared to MX itself. The solid dispersions in PVP and HPMC and the solvent deposited systems on MCC and DCP could be formulated into tablets. These tablets, apart from fulfilling the official and other specifications, exhibited higher rates of dissolution and dissolution efficiency values.
Distributed Job Scheduling in a Peer-to-Peer Video Recording System (2004)

Abstract: Since the advent of Gnutella, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) protocols have matured towards a fundamental design element for large-scale, self-organising distributed systems. Many research efforts have been invested to improve various aspects of P2P systems, like their performance, scalability, and so on. However, little experience has been gathered from the actual deployment of such P2P systems apart from the typical file sharing applications. To bridge this gap and to gain more experience in making the transition from theory to practice, we started building advanced P2P applications whose explicit goal is “to be deployed in the wild”. In this paper, we describe a fully decentralised P2P video recording system. Every node in the system is a networked computer (desktop PC or set-top box) capable of receiving and recording DVB-S, i.e. digital satellite TV. Like a normal video recorder, users can program their machines to record certain programmes. With our system, they will be able to schedule multiple recordings in parallel. It is the task of the system to assign the recordings to different machines in the network. Moreover, users can “record broadcasts in the past”, i.e. the system serves as a short-term archival storage for TV programmes, too. Since we want the system to be evaluated by a large number of users, we decided to build it as a plug-in for the popular and widely deployed Linux Video Disk Recorder (VDR) software
Digital Processing Of Halftone Images (1987)

A perspective of a few challenging problems in the digital processing of low resolution halftone images is presented. The topics covered include screen selection, tonal reproduction control, and the scaling and resolution conversion of halftone images. Par-ticular emphasis is placed on a new method of digital scaling and resolution conversion of electronically stored, low-resolution halftone images. Many simulation examples are given.
Directional ground fault indicator for high-resistance grounded systems (2002)

Locating ground faults is a difficult and challenging problem for low-voltage power systems that are ungrounded or have high-impedance grounding. Recent work in pilot signals has renewed efforts in developing fault location methodologies. This paper presents a method for directional ground-fault indication that utilizes the fundamental frequency voltages and currents. Al- though the ground-fault current is small and usually less than the load currents, the fault has zero-sequence components that distin- guish it from the load. Signal processing techniques are used to identify and compare the fault signals to determine the fault direc- tion. The process takes advantage of the currents flowing from the distributed grounding capacitance. An experimental microprocessor-based directional indicator unit is tested in an industrial power distribution system. Direc- tional indication of ground faults is applied near tap-off branch circuit connections. Promising results from field test conducted in a harmonic-noisy setting are presented. Directional indicator units simplify the search process on large networks, thus reducing the time and effort necessary to locate and remove the fault, and thereby significantly reduces the probability of a second ground fault with its destructive currents.
Self-Checking Carry-Select Adder Design Based on Two-Rail Encoding (2007)

Carry-select adders are one of the faster types of adders. This paper proposes a scheme that encodes the sum bits using two-rail codes; the encoded sum bits are then checked by self-checking checkers. The multiplexers used in the adder are also totally self-checking. The scheme is illustrated with the implementation of a 2-bit carry select adder that can detect all single stuck-at faults on-line; the detection of double faults is not guaranteed. Adders of arbitrary size can be constructed by cascading the appropriate number of such 2-bit adders. A range of adders from 4 to 128 bits is designed using this approach employing a 0.5-mum CMOS technology. The transistor overhead in implementing these self-checking adders varies from 19.51% to 20.94%, and the area overhead varies from 16.07% to 20.67% compared to adders without built-in self-checking capability.
Influence of Tension Reduction and Peripheral Dissection on Histologic, Biochemical and Bioenergetic Profiles, and Kinetics of Skeletal Muscle Fast-to-Slow Transformation (1991)

Seven goat latissimus dorsi muscles were submitted to a progressive electrostimulation program through intramuscular electrodes (Medtronic SP5528). Group 1 (n = 3) consisted of muscles stimulated in situ, and group 2 (n = 4), of muscles dissected distally and reinserted on the chest wall with a reduced tension. In group 1, complete fiber switch from type II to I occurred within 60-100 days after the beginning of stimulation, as demonstrated by myosin isoforms and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes pattern. Respiratory chain oxidases first increased within 30-70 days after stimulation, then progressively decreased to stabilized values, higher than the basal ones. Total LDH activity showed progressive decrease to one-fifth of the initial value. Morphological analysis confirmed the structural integrity and physical reinforcement of the muscles. In group 2, respiratory chain oxidases showed initial increase followed first by a fast reduction to values less than the starting ones, and then by a slow secondary increase between day 40 and 90. LDH activity displayed a sharp decrease between day 15 and 36. Myosin as well as LDH isoforms showed progressive conversion. This kinetic study suggests a three-phase adaptative evolution of the goat latissimus dorsi submitted to increased workload (group 1): a fast increase (phase I) in oxidative capacities is followed by the development of an efficient contractile machinery (phase II), with subsequent adaptation (phase III) of the terminal chemosmotic enzymes involved in energy production.+2
Rare steroid receptor-negative basal-like tumorigenic cells in luminal subtype human breast cancer xenografts (2008)

There are two major subtypes of human breast cancers: the luminal, estrogen, and progesterone receptor-positive, cytokeratin 18-positive (ER(+)PR(+)CK18(+)) subtype, and the basal ER(-)PR(-)CK18(-)CK5(+) subtype. Tumor-initiating cells (CD44(+)) have been described for human breast cancers; whether these are common to the two subtypes is unknown. We have identified a rare population of cells that are both CD44(+) and ER(-)PR(-)CK5(+) in luminal-like ER(+)PR(+) T47D human breast tumor xenografts. The tumor-isolated CD44(+) cell fraction was highly enriched for clonogenic (in vitro culture) and tumorigenic (in vivo reimplantation) cells compared with the CD44(-) cell fraction. Rare ER(-)PR(-)CK5(+) cells were present within CD44(+)-derived colonies. Tumor-isolated cells placed in minimal media also contained rare ER(-)PR(-)CK5(+) cells at early time points (<10 cells); however, this population did not expand with increasing colony size. The number of ER(+)PR(+)CK5(-) cells, conversely, increased linearly with colony growth. Similary, tumors originating in vivo from CD44(+) cells contained a rare static ER(-)PR(-)CK5(+) population, an intermediate ER(-)PR(-)CK5(-) population, and an expanding ER(+)PR(+)CK5(-) population. Putative ER(+)PR(+)CK5(+) transitional cells could be seen only in colonies or tumors treated with a progestin. We propose that luminal ER(+)PR(+) breast tumors contain a minor ER(-)PR(-)CK5(+) population that has the capacity to generate the majority of ER(+)PR(+)CK18(+)CK5(-) cells. Luminal breast cancers are treated with endocrine therapies that target ER. The rare ER(-)PR(-)CK5(+) progenitor cells would escape such treatments and survive to repopulate the tumor.
Plasmon resonance at extreme temperatures in sputtered Au nanoparticle incorporated TiO<sub>2</sub>films (2012)

Sensor technologies that can operate under extreme conditions including high temperatures, high pressures, highly reducing and oxidizing environments, and corrosive gases are needed for process monitoring and control in advanced fossil energy applications. Au nanoparticle incorporated metal oxide thin films have recently been demonstrated to show a useful optical response to changing ambient gases at high temperatures as a result of modifications to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the Au nanoparticles. Au nanoparticle incorporated TiO<sub>2</sub> films were prepared through sputter deposition techniques followed by high temperature oxidation treatments. Upon exposure to a 4% H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> gas atmosphere at elevated temperatures, a shift of the absorption resonance associated with Au nanoparticles to shorter wavelengths is observed, as demonstrated in the literature previously. In this work, we also demonstrate that there is a shift of similar magnitude in the scattering resonance associated with Au. The LSPR absorption peak was monitored as a function of temperature up to 850oC demonstrating a broadening and a decrease in the maximum peak absorptance. Calculations performed in the quasistatic approximation are also presented to explain observed changes in LSPR as a function of temperature and to illustrate the effects on sensitivity of Au – based LSPR sensor materials for extreme temperature applications.
High-level production and initial crystallization of a Fe65 PTB domain (2007)

신경세포에 특이적으로 발현되는 단백질인 Fe65는 두 개의 phosphotyrosine binding(PTB) 도메인을 가지고 있다. 두번째 PTB(PTB2)도메인은 아밀로이드 베타 전구 단백질(APP)의 세포질 도메인 조각(AICD)와 결합한다. 최근 연구 결과들은 AICD와 Fe65로 이루어진 결합체가 알츠하이머병에서 신경세포를 죽게 하는 유전자를 발현한다고 제시하고 있다. 따라서 Fe65와 AICD의 결합을 방해하는 화합물은 알츠하이머병을 치료하는데 후보물질이 될 수 있다. 하지만 AICD와 Fe65와 관련된 신호전달에 대한 분자적 기전은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 이번 연구에서는 Fe65의 PTB2도메인을 baculovirus시스템에서 과발현시킨 결과를 보고한다. 세균 및 척추동물 세포를 이용한 시스템과 비교했을 때, baculovirus 시스템 이 훨씬 효과적 이 다는 것을 발견했다. 정제된 재조합 단백질을 이용하여 초기 결정을 얻었다. 결정을 이용하여 앞으로 밝힐 3차원 구조는 Fe65관련 신호전달체계에 대한 분자 기전 및 이에 대한 저해제 개발에 큰 도움을 줄 것이다. Fe65, a neuron-specific adaptor protein, has two phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains. The second PTB (PTB2) domain interacts with intracellular domain fragment (AICD) of amyloid beta precursor protein (APP). Recent studies suggested that tile complex is composed of AICD and Fe65 transactivates genes that are responsible for neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, a compound inhibiting the interaction between Fe65 and AICD can be a drug candidate to treat AD. However, it remains unclear how Fe65 recognizes AICD at a molecular level. Here, we report high-level production of the PTB2 domain of Fe65 in the baculovirus system. We found that the baculovirus system is an efficient method to obtain the Fe65 PTB2 domain, compared with the bacterial and mammalian expression systems. The purified recombinant protein was used for crystallization to determine its crystal structure helping to understand the molecular mechanism of Fe65-dependent signaling and to design its inhibitors.
Thiol Redox Transitions in Cell Signaling: a Lesson from N-Acetylcysteine (2010)

The functional status of cells is under the control of external stimuli affecting the function of critical proteins and eventually gene expression. Signal sensing and transduction by messengers to specific effectors operate by post-translational modification of proteins, among which thiol redox switches play a fundamental role that is just beginning to be understood. The maintenance of the redox status is, indeed, crucial for cellular homeostasis and its dysregulation towards a more oxidized intracellular environment is associated with aberrant proliferation, ultimately related to diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Redox transitions occur in sensitive cysteine residues of regulatory proteins relevant to signaling, their evolution to metastable disulfides accounting for the functional redox switch. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a thiol-containing compound that is able to interfere with redox transitions of thiols and, thus, in principle, able to modulate redox signaling. We here review the redox chemistry of NAC, then screen possible mechanisms to explain the effects observed in NAC-treated normal and cancer cells; such effects involve a modification of global gene expression, thus of functions and morphology, with a leitmotif of a switch from proliferation to terminal differentiation. The regulation of thiol redox transitions in cell signaling is, therefore, proposed as a new tool, holding promise not only for a deeper explanation of mechanisms, but indeed for innovative pharmacological interventions.
Unmanned Vehicle Mission Planning Using 4D Forecasts (2008)

Abstract : We are engaged in the development of mission planning software for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) supporting the Naval Oceanographic Office's underwater glider and AUV programs. Planning missions for underwater vehicles require the consideration of static features such as bathymetry, territorial boundaries, and shipping lanes and also time variant features such as water density, sea state, and currents that can be estimated using model forecasts. These myriad considerations result in a 4D x N geospatial- temporal constraint satisfaction problem, where N is the number of factors and D is typically represented as a value at a specific (x,y,z) location and time t. The difficulty inherent in this decision-making process is the simultaneous manipulation and visualization of these variables, which is accomplished today through human observation of multiple 2D slices of the 4D x N cube. Another complicating factor is the large size of the forecast datasets, which can approach a gigabyte in size.