gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tribological principles in metal-on-metal hip joint design (2006)

An analysis of some 100 published and communicated findings on running-in volumetric wear and steady state wear rates from simulator tests carried out in eight laboratories in three countries has been undertaken. Powerful indications have emerged of the dominant role of mixed lubrication in current metal-on-metal hip replacements, with elastohydrodynamic film thickness controlling wear. The background to the calculation of film thickness in the elastic-isoviscous mode of lubrication has been outlined and graphs of representative film thickness and lambda ratio have been presented. For minimum wear and wear rate the diameter of the femoral component should be as large as possible, while the clearance should be as small as is practicable. The findings are valid for both monolithic and surface replacement implants. A tentative proposal is made for the prediction of lifetime wear in metal-on-metal total hip replacements.
Diabetes induced in male transgenic mice by expression of human H-ras oncoprotein in pancreatic beta cells. (1990)

Transgenic mice expressing an insulin-promoted H-ras hybrid gene in pancreatic beta cells developed beta-cell degeneration and diabetes. The disease was manifested in male mice by hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and reduced plasma insulin levels, which appeared around 5 months of age and led to premature death. Histological analyses revealed large holes within the islets of Langerhans and a reduced number of beta cells. The destruction of the islets was not associated with an obvious inflammatory activity. Ultrastructural analysis showed extensive engorgement in the endoplasmic reticulum of the residual beta cells from diabetic males. The females carrying the insulin-promoted ras gene did not manifest any of the physiological abnormalities observed in males and showed only minor histological and ultrastructural changes, even at much greater ages.
Clinical Utility of Colonic and Anorectal Manometry in Chronic Constipation (2010)

Constipation is one of the most common digestive problems in North America with significant psychosocioeconomic implications. It is caused by either a primary disorder of colonic and anorectal function or by many secondary conditions such as constipating drugs, metabolic disorders and other colorectal problems. Given the heterogeneity of problems that cause constipation, defining the underlying pathophysiology is increasingly being recognized as a key step toward optimal management. Colonic manometry with sensation and tone assessment (barostat) and anorectal manometry with rectal sensation and compliance assessment and balloon expulsion test can provide a comprehensive evaluation of colonic and anorectal sensorimotor function and facilitate a diagnosis of slow transit constipation, dyssynergic defecation or irritable bowel syndrome, or an overlap of these disorders. This review provides a critical appraisal of the role of manometric techniques toward augmenting our understanding of colonic and anorectal physiology, both in health and constipation and discussing their clinical utility in the diagnosis and management of chronic constipation.
Fault Tolerant Control System in Critical Process Based on Ethernet Network (2006)

The purpose of this paper is to study and develop the redundant control system for the critical process. The critical process means a high priority process which is very essential to the global system. When a fault condition occurs on such process, it affects to other processes. In this paper, the gas pressure process is used a case study. This system consists of dual redundant supervisory control system (HMI Station), dual redundant Ethernet network, triple redundant controller system and triple redundant filed signal. The experimental result is able to indicate some fault tolerance features. Our system can increase the reliability as well as the risk of fault of a whole system and apply to any high priority process appropriately
Molecular Weight Determination and Monosaccharide Composition Analysis of Bupleurum chinense DC Polysaccharide (2010)

[Objective] The aim was to extract and isolate Bupleurum chinense DC polysaccharide (BPP2),and study its molecular weight and monosaccharide composition. [Method] BPP2 was extracted from B. chinense with water,isolated and purified by DEAE ion-exchange cellulose. The molecular weight of BPP2 was measured using GPC method,and TLC,HPLC were adopted to study its monosaccharide composition. [Result] The molecular weight of BPP2 was 67 836,which was composed of Rha,Xyl,Ara,Gal and Glc with molar ratio of 2.19∶1.00∶3.21∶2.27∶2.44. [Conclusion] BPP2 is pure heterosaccharide which is composed of five monosaccharides,the molecular weight is 67 836.
A spherical eye from multiple cameras (makes better models of the world) (2005)

The paper describes an imaging system that has been designed specifically for the purpose of recovering egomotion and structure from video. The system consists of six cameras in a network arranged so that they sample different parts of the visual sphere. This geometric configuration has provable advantages compared to small field of view cameras for the estimation of the system's own motion and consequently the estimation of shape models from the individual cameras. The reason is that inherent ambiguities of confusion between translation and rotation disappear. We provide algorithms for the calibration of the system and 3D motion estimation. The calibration is based on a new geometric constraint that relates the images of lines parallel in space to the rotation between the cameras. The 3D motion estimation uses a constraint relating structure directly to image gradients.
Ballistic Impact of Dry Woven Fabric Composites: A Review (2008)

This paper reviews the topic of ballistic impact of dry woven fabric composites. It highlights previous work done in modeling the fabrics and the theory involved. Attention is also given to experimental testing, ballistic penetration resistence, projectile characteristics, and failure modes in yarns and fabric. Concepts to further enhance the ballistic penetration resistance of woven fabrics are discussed. This paper serves as an effective source of literature for those interested in conducting research into this topic. Altogether, 176 references have been cited to allow further investigation.
Integrating a Trusted Computing Base Extension Server and Secure Session Server into the LINUX Operating System (2001)

The Multilevel Secure Local Area Network (MLS LAN) Project at the Naval Postgraduate School's Center for Information Security (INFOSEC) Studies and Research (NPS CISR) is building a trusted network system that is both necessary and sufficient to provide a multilevel networking solution for real world use. The current configuration provides the necessary trusted network services on the TCSEC Class B-3 evaluated XTS-300, which is a combination of the STOP version 4.4.2 multilevel secure operating system, and a Wang-supplied Intel x86 hardware base. The interface for the STOP operating is based on the System V.3 UNIX implementation System V.3 lacks many of features available in more modern UNIX implementations such as System V.4 and BSD 4.3, and also lacks many of the features in POSIX and ANSI C standards, Finally, the CPU is several generations older than the more current Intel processors. This thesis discusses the port of several MLS trusted network services on the XTS-300 to a Linux operating system running on an Intel Pentium Processor, The new Linux TCBE Server configuration will permit further experimentation with MLS architectural issues in a more modern, flexible and easily modifiable environment The port was accomplished by identifying and modifying the necessary software modules needed, to adapt to a Linux environment This thesis proves that XTS-300 TCB services can be ported to Linux system without any negative effects on performance thus allowing a move toward a more security enhanced implementation.
Standards conversion between 1250/50 and 625/50 TV systems (1992)

The author describes the general theory of TV standards conversion by fixed interpolation, temporal interpolation, vertical interpolation and adaptive interpolation. Factors considered include the scanning structure, video signal spectra, interpolation aperture frequency response, temporal component generation, aspect ratios and picture quality. Test results are given for up-conversion and down-conversion.
Adipose Tissue Inflammation Is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans (2021)

The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in AT function in humans is unclear. We tested whether AT macrophage (ATM) content, cytokine gene expression, and senescent cell burden (markers of AT inflammation) predict AT insulin resistance measured as the insulin concentration that suppresses lipolysis by 50% (IC50). We studied 86 volunteers with normal weight or obesity at baseline and a subgroup of 25 volunteers with obesity before and after weight loss. There was a strong positive relationship between IC50 and abdominal subcutaneous and femoral fat cell size (FCS). The positive, univariate relationships between IC50 and abdominal AT inflammatory markers CD68, CD14, CD206 ATM/100 adipocytes, senescent cells, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA were not significant after adjustment for FCS. A 10% weight loss significantly reduced IC50; however, there was no reduction in adipose ATM content, senescent cells, or cytokine gene expression. Our study suggests that commonly used markers of AT inflammation are not causally linked to AT insulin resistance, whereas FCS is a strong predictor of AT insulin resistance with respect to lipolysis.
Autocatalytic Intramolecular Isopeptide Bond Formation in Gram-Positive Bacterial Pili: A QM/MM Simulation (2010)

Many gram-positive pathogens possess external pili or fimbriae with which they adhere to host cells during the infection process. Unusual dual intramolecular isopeptide bonds between Asn and Lys side chains within the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of the pilus subunits have been observed initially in the Streptococcus pyogenes pilin subunit Spy0128 and subsequently in GBS52 from Streptococcus agalactiae, in the BcpA major pilin of Bacillus cereus and in the RrgB pilin of Streptococcus pneumoniae, among others. Within each pilin subunit, intramolecular isopeptide bonds serve to stabilize the protein. These bonds provide a means to withstand large external mechanical forces, as well as possibly assisting in supporting a conformation favored for pilin subunit polymerization via sortase transpeptidases. Genome-wide analyses of pili-containing gram-positive bacteria are known or suspected to contain isopeptide bonds in pilin subunits. For the autocatalytic formation of isopeptide cross-links, a conservation of three amino acids including Asn, Lys, and a catalytically important acidic Glu (or Asp) residue are responsible. However, the chemical mechanism of how isopeptide bonds form within pilin remains poorly understood. Although it is possible that several mechanistic paths could lead to isopeptide bond formation in pili, the requirement of a conserved glutamate and highly organized positioning of residues within the hydrophobic environment of the active site were found in numerous pilin crystal structures such as Spy0128 and RrgB. This suggests a mechanism involving direct coupling of lysine side chain amine to the asparagine carboxamide mediated by critical acid/base or hydrogen bonding interactions with the catalytic glutamate residue. From this mechanistic perspective, we used the QM/MM minimum free-energy path method to examine the reaction details of forming the isopeptide bonds with Spy0128 as a model pilin, specifically focusing on the role of the glutamate in catalysis. It was determined that the reaction mechanism likely consists of two major steps: the nucleophilic attack on Cγ by nitrogen in the unprotonated Lys ε-amino group and, then two concerted proton transfers occur during the formation of the intramolecular isopeptide bond to subsequently release ammonia. More importantly, within the dual active sites of Spy0128, Glu(117), and Glu(258) residues function as crucial catalysts for each isopeptide bond formation, respectively, by relaying two proton transfers. This work also suggests that domain-domain interactions within Spy0128 may modulate the reactivity of residues within each active site. Our results may hopefully shed light on the molecular mechanisms of pilin biogenesis in gram-positive bacteria.
<title>Using distributed genetic algorithms in three-dimensional bin packing for rapid prototyping machines</title> (1998)

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are excellent approaches to solving complex problems in optimization with difficult constraints, and in high state space dimensionality problems. The classic bin-packing optimization problem has been shown to be a NP- complete problem. There are GA applications to variations of the bin-packing problem for stock cutting, vehicle loading, air container loading, scheduling, and the knapsack problem. Mostly, these are based on a 1D or 2D considerations. Ikonen et. al. have developed a GA for rapid prototyping called GARP, which utilizes a 3D chromosome structure for the bin- packing of the Sinterstation 2000's build cylinder. GARP allows the Sinterstation to be used more productively. The GARP application was developed for a single CPU machine. Anticipating greater use of time compression technologies, this paper examines the framework necessary to reduce GARP's execution time. This framework is necessary to speed-up the bin-packing evaluation, by the use of distributed or parallel GAs. In this paper, a framework for distribution techniques to improve the efficiency of GARP, and to improve the quality of GARPis solutions is proposed.
The shear-stress-induced ferrodistortive phase transition in KHCO<sub>3</sub>studied by Brillouin scattering (1998)

Abstract A pure transverse acoustic c′66 mode of KHCO3 has been observed by the 90° Brillouin scattering experiment as functions of a shear-stress σ′6 and temperature T. The shear-stress-induced ferrodistortive phase is newly found from an anomalous softening behavior of the c′66 mode, and a σ′6 — T phase diagram is successfully fabricated. This phase diagram indicates that there is a triple point at T = 317.2 K and δ'6 = 4.4 kPa.
Transitions in Vapor‐Deposited Alumina from 300° to 1200°C (1967)

The transition of amorphous alumina to α‐alumina was studied by X‐ray diffraction, electron diffraction, DTA, TGA, and microscopic observation. The amorphous alumina was prepared by condensing vapor from evaporating molten alumina in vacuo onto the glass envelope of the vacuum chamber. The amorphous alumina was transformed to a poorly crystalline material by heating for 16 hr between 570° and 670°C. Between 670° and 1200°C, the poorly crystalline alumina was converted to α‐alumina via two parallel series of transition aluminas. The principal series was γ‐alumina to δ‐alumina to α‐alumina. A minor amount of θ‐alumina developed from the initial crystallization and persisted throughout the duration of the principal series as a parallel path. Some conversion of δ‐ to θ‐alumina was detected above 900°C. DTA produced an unexplained exothermic peak at 320°C and a second exothermic peak at 860°C which corresponded to formation of metastable aluminas.
FT Speech: Danish Parliament Speech Corpus (2020)

This paper introduces FT Speech, a new speech corpus created from the recorded meetings of the Danish Parliament, otherwise known as the Folketing (FT). The corpus contains over 1,800 hours of transcribed speech by a total of 434 speakers. It is significantly larger in duration, vocabulary, and amount of spontaneous speech than the existing public speech corpora for Danish, which are largely limited to read-aloud and dictation data. We outline design considerations, including the preprocessing methods and the alignment procedure. To evaluate the quality of the corpus, we train automatic speech recognition systems on the new resource and compare them to the systems trained on the Danish part of Spr\r{a}kbanken, the largest public ASR corpus for Danish to date. Our baseline results show that we achieve a 14.01 WER on the new corpus. A combination of FT Speech with in-domain language data provides comparable results to models trained specifically on Spr\r{a}kbanken, showing that FT Speech transfers well to this data set. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that the opposite is not the case. This shows that FT Speech provides a valuable resource for promoting research on Danish ASR with more spontaneous speech.
The Effect of Post Type, Category and Posting Day on User Interaction Level on Facebook (2011)

Social networks are becoming an additional marketing channel that could be integrated with the traditional ones as a part of the marketing mix. However, traditional advertising techniques are not applicable for the social media platforms, resulting in companies experimenting with many different approaches, thus shaping a successful social media strategies based on their own experiences. To gain a more general understanding, our study analyzes the effects of moderator post characteristics, such as post type, category and posting day, on the user interaction in terms of number of comments and likes, as well as interaction duration. We present the results obtained from 14 Face book brand pages. Our results show that there is a significant effect of the post type and category on number of likes and comments as well as on interaction duration. Based on these results, we could show clear evidence of moderator posts increasing fan activity. We discuss the implications of our findings for social media marketing.
A flexible, computer-controlled video microscope capable of quantitative spatial, temporal, and spectral measurements. (1981)

A video microscope system has been constructed and tested that incorporates computer-controlled video cameras for high-resolution and low-light microscopy. The low-light camera system involves a dual microchannel plate-image intensifier capable of photon gain as high as 500 000 and a gated silicone-intensified target vidicon to achieve usable photon sensitivity with a noise equivalent signal of only 2 photons (500 nm) per pixel per second. We have compared the limitations and capabilities of this camera system with those of a high-resolution video camera and conventional photomicroscopy. Uses of the low-light camera coupled to a computer system include image acquisition of weak-light images from self-luminous specimens, fluorescence microscopy with weak exciting light, kinetic resolution of calcium-mediated events as monitored by the calcium-sensitive bioluminescence of aequorin, and spatially resolved spectroscopic measurements. Flexible use of this system in these various applications is possible because it allows operation with illumination intensities over a dynamic range of 100 000:1.
Studies of the transmissibility of the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to pigs (2003)

Studies to test the transmissibility of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent to pigs began in 1989. Parenteral inoculation of the agent by three routes simultaneously (intracranially, intravenously and intraperitoneally) produced disease with an incubation period range of 69-150 weeks. Pre-clinical pathological changes were detected in two pigs killed electively at 105 and 106 weeks post-inoculation. Infectivity was detected by bioassay in inbred mice in the CNS of those pigs that developed spongiform encephalopathy. Infectivity was also found in the stomach, jejunum, distal ileum and pancreas of terminally affected pigs. These findings show that pigs are susceptible to BSE. In contrast, disease failed to occur in pigs retained for 7 years after exposure by feeding BSE-affected brain on three separate days, at 1-2 week intervals. The amounts fed each day were equivalent to the maximum daily intake of meat and bone meal in rations for pigs aged 8 weeks. No infectivity was found in tissues assayed from the pigs exposed orally. This included tissues of the alimentary tract. It is suggested that these pigs did not become infected. The relatively high oral exposure used in these experiments compared with feed-borne exposure in the field may explain the absence of an epidemic of spongiform encephalopathy in domestic pigs concurrent with the BSE epidemic in the UK.
Ethics for regional boards. (1996)

When regional health boards choose how to allocate limited resources on the public's behalf, they are exercising ethical judgment. When board members are familiar with the study of ethics and the tools it has produced, they are able to make informed and consistent ethical choices. One board in P.E.I. drew upon ethical principles to first codify its core values, and then develop a process for making decisions which conformed to those values. As boards across Canada assume greater authority and responsibility for public health, a clear understanding of ethical principles can guide their difficult choices.
481. Conjugated macrocycles. Part XXIX. Tribenzotetrazaporphin metal derivatives and dibromotribenzotetrazaporphin (1957)

J. A. Elvidge, J. H. Golden and R. P. Linstead, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 2466 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570002466
Vacuum-Arc Evaporations of Ferrites and Compositions of Their Deposits (1971)

The evaporation in a vacuum of the order of 10 -4 torr with a current of 14 A is investigated by electron-microscopic observation of the surface of the ferrite source, spectroscopic analysis of the vapour emission and composition analysis of the discharge atmosphere. Ferrite is thermally decomposed to release oxygen gas in the region of cathode spots. Most of the constituent metals are evaporated in the state of atom. The difference in cation ratio Me/Fe between the source and its deposit is rather small, where Me is one of Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn. The evaporation rate of each metal depends on the temperature at which its vapour pressure is 10 -2 torr. If the source composition is carefully controlled, it is possible to make the cation ratio of its deposit adequate for typical simple ferrites, and even mixed ferrites, such as Ni 0.3 Zn 0.7 Fe 2 O 4 and (N 0.85 Cu 0.15 ) 0.94 Fe 2.06 O 4 .
Effects of exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin, exenatide once weekly, or dapagliflozin, added to metformin monotherapy, on body weight, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides in patients with type 2 diabetes in the DURATION‐8 study (2018)

This post hoc analysis assessed the effects on cardiovascular risk factors of body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and triglycerides after 28 weeks' treatment with exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin, as compared with exenatide once weekly or dapagliflozin, in patient subpopulations from the DURATION-8 trial of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with metformin alone. Subgroups of patients were stratified according to their baseline body weight, SBP and triglyceride levels. Body weight, SBP and triglyceride levels were reduced across most respective subgroups, with no significant subgroup-by-treatment interactions. For each treatment, weight loss was numerically greater as baseline body mass index increased. SBP reductions were greater among patients with SBP ≥140 vs <140 mm Hg for exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin and exenatide once weekly. Reductions in triglyceride levels were greater among patients with baseline triglycerides <1.69 vs ≥1.69 mmol/L for each treatment. The combination of exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin reduced cardiovascular risk factors across baseline subgroups for each variable to a greater extent than did either individual drug; the greatest effects were observed in the high baseline subgroups for body weight and SBP.