gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of 14C CDP-choline. (1983)

The absorption, metabolism and excretion of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) were investigated in six adult healthy subjects after a single oral dose of 300 mg of the 14C-labelled compound. The compound was well tolerated by the subjects. Absorption was virtually complete with less than 1% of the dose being found in the faeces during the 5-day collection period. Two peaks were found in the plasma radioactivity time profile: the first at 1 h, and a second larger peak at 24 h post-dose. Elimination of the ingested dose occurred via respiratory CO2 and through urinary excretion; the former predominating, and both routes exhibited biphasic patterns characterized by an early phase followed by slower decline. It is postulated that in the healthy human subject CDP-choline is metabolized in the gut wall and in the liver; the products arising from the compound's extensive hepatic metabolism being subsequently available for diverse biosynthetic pathways, tissue metabolism, and excretion.
Treatment of Advanced Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma with Recombinant Leukocyte a Interferon (1984)

We report the results of a trial of recombinant leukocyte A interferon in previously treated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who were no longer responsive to chemotherapy. Patients received recombinant leukocyte A interferon (50 X 10(6) U per square meter of body-surface area) by intramuscular injection three times weekly for three months or longer. Forty-five patients were enrolled in the study, and 37 were evaluated for a response. Thirteen of 24 (54 per cent) evaluable patients with low-histologic-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had objective responses (nine partial responses and four histologically confirmed complete responses). Two of six (33 per cent) with intermediate-grade lymphoma responded (one partially and one completely), and one of seven (14 per cent) with high-grade lymphoma had a partial response. The median duration of responses was eight months. Four of the five complete responders have continued to receive maintenance interferon and have been in complete remission for 3, 7, 9, and 12 months, respectively; one had a recurrence at a site of previous disease seven months after interferon had been stopped. Side effects were noted in most patients. All 16 responders had been heavily pretreated with combination chemotherapy, including doxorubicin in 8 of the 16. These results suggest that recombinant leukocyte A interferon may be an effective new therapy for some patients with low- and intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
How teachers of young children respond to problem Behaviour in the Classroom (2000)

The strategies that teachers of young children use to deal with problem behaviour in their classrooms were investigated. Teachers of Kindergarten, Year 1 and Year 2 classes in a sample of schools in western Sydney completed a questionnaire that provided information on teacher, class, school and community characteristics as well as their frequency of use of a range of strategies. Teachers reported use of a wide range of strategies with a preference for positive approaches. There was no relationship between the strategies teachers reported using and most teacher, class, school and community variables. The implications of these findings for inservicing and support to teachers are discussed.
Mouse antisera specific for desmosomal adhesion molecules of suprabasal skin cells, meninges, and meningioma. (1986)

Mouse polyclonal antisera were raised to the Mr 130,000 and Mr 115,000 cell surface glycoproteins, desmocollins, of desmosomes from bovine nasal epithelium. Immunoblotting confirmed that the antisera were specific for the desmocollins. An immunofluorescence study showed that the antisera distinguished between the basal and suprabasal layers of bovine and human epidermis. The antibodies reacted with cultured keratinocytes only after calcium-induced stratification. In epidermis, therefore, there appears to be a difference between the desmocollins of basal and suprabasal cells that may be important in relation to epidermal differentiation. Previous work has shown that polyclonal antisera raised in other animals (guinea pigs and rabbits) against desmocollins, as well as against other desmosomal components, react with all desmosome-containing epithelia. In contrast, an immunofluorescence survey of bovine, rat, and human tissues showed that the present mouse antisera stained only suprabasal skin cells and the arachnoid layer of the meninges, demonstrating that these have common determinants that distinguished their desmocollins from those of all other tissues. The antibodies also stained 11 of 12 meningiomas and, therefore, may be useful as a marker not only for the diagnosis of these tumors but also for investigation of their histogenesis.
Determination of Transmembrane Water Fluxes in Neurons Elicited by Glutamate Ionotropic Receptors and by the Cotransporters KCC2 and NKCC1: A Digital Holographic Microscopy Study (2011)

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is a noninvasive optical imaging technique that provides quantitative phase images of living cells. In a recent study, we showed that the quantitative monitoring of the phase signal by DHM was a simple label-free method to study the effects of glutamate on neuronal optical responses (Pavillon et al., 2010). Here, we refine these observations and show that glutamate produces the following three distinct optical responses in mouse primary cortical neurons in culture, predominantly mediated by NMDA receptors: biphasic, reversible decrease (RD) and irreversible decrease (ID) responses. The shape and amplitude of the optical signal were not associated with a particular cellular phenotype but reflected the physiopathological status of neurons linked to the degree of NMDA activity. Thus, the biphasic, RD, and ID responses indicated, respectively, a low-level, a high-level, and an "excitotoxic" level of NMDA activation. Moreover, furosemide and bumetanide, two inhibitors of sodium-coupled and/or potassium-coupled chloride movement strongly modified the phase shift, suggesting an involvement of two neuronal cotransporters, NKCC1 (Na-K-Cl) and KCC2 (K-Cl) in the genesis of the optical signal. This observation is of particular interest since it shows that DHM is the first imaging technique able to monitor dynamically and in situ the activity of these cotransporters during physiological and/or pathological neuronal conditions.
Enhanced M1 Macrophage Polarization in Human Helicobacter pylori-Associated Atrophic Gastritis and in Vaccinated Mice (2010)

These results show that vaccination of mice against H. pylori amplifies M1 polarization of gastric macrophages, and that a similar enhanced M1 polarization is present in human H. pylori-induced atrophic gastritis.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations of Docetaxel Prepared with High Melting Point Triglycerides: <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> Evaluation (2014)

Docetaxel (DCX) is a second generation taxane. It is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of various types of cancer, including breast, non-small cell lung, and head and neck cancers. However, side effects, including those related to Tween 80, an excipient in current DCX formulations, can be severe. In the present study, we developed a novel solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) composition of DCX. Trimyristin was selected from a list of high melting point triglycerides as the core lipid component of the SLNs, based on the rate at which the DCX was released from the SLNs and the stability of the SLNs. The trimyristin-based, PEGylated DCX-incorporated SLNs (DCX-SLNs) showed significantly higher cytotoxicity against various human and murine cancer cells in culture, as compared to DCX solubilized in a Tween 80/ethanol solution. Moreover, in a mouse model with pre-established tumors, the new DCX-SLNs were significantly more effective than DCX solubilized in a Tween 80/ethanol solution in inhibiting tumor growth without toxicity, likely because the DCX-SLNs increased the concentration of DCX in tumor tissues, but decreased the levels of DCX in major organs such as liver, spleen, heart, lung, and kidney. DCX-incorporated SLNs prepared with one or more high-melting point triglycerides may represent an improved DCX formulation.
Synchronization via Arbitrary Satellite Signals (2014)

We describe a method for establishing synchronization between stations using arbitrary signals from space of unknown origin. The method presented is based on time of arrival (TOA) measurements collected by wireless sensor network, with sensors at known locations. The same methods can be applied to TDOA measurements allowing the use of a larger family of signals. The structure of the measurements model is exploited to enable computationally efficient synchronization of the network. A by-product is the identification of the azimuth and elevation of the signals from space. A tool for predicting the synchronization accuracy at any error levels has been devised. Simulation results are presented and compared with the theoretical bound and the predicted performance curve.
Disruption of Cortical Association Networks in Schizophrenia and Psychotic Bipolar Disorder (2013)

Our study results support the view that cortical information processing is disrupted in psychosis and provides new evidence that disruptions within the frontoparietal control network may be a shared feature across both schizophrenia and affective psychosis.
Aircraft turbofan engine linear model with uncertain eigenvalues (2002)

This paper presents an aircraft turbofan engine model identification in time domain. The identification makes use of a multivariable linear model of turbofan engine dynamics having uncertain eigenvalues. The uncertainty describes the difference between nonlinear and linear models. The bounds for real and imaginary parts of uncertain matrix eigenvalues are determined using nonlinear programming. The results of identification application using a detailed nonlinear model of an aircraft turbofan engine are presented.
Computed tomography of Moyamoya disease: demonstration of occluded arteries and collateral vessels as important diagnostic signs. (1980)

Diagnosis of moyamoya disease primarily depends on the angiographic demonstration of stenosis and occlusion of the carotid bifurcation, and extensive parenchymal and leptomeningeal collaterals. According to previous reports, computed tomography (CT) reveals multiple low density areas in the brain, with atrophic changes. Based on this review of six cases, CT with contrast enhancement often reveals tortuous, curvilinear vessels in the basal ganglia, corresponding to extensive parenchymal and leptomeningeal collaterals on angiography. The most proximal portions of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries are often poorly visualized. When multiple low density areas or subarachnoid hemorrhages are encountered on CT, these findings in the basal ganglia should be sought for differential diagnosis.
Langerhans' cell histiocytosis pathobiology and pathogenesis. (1991)

ANGERHANS L CELL histiocytosis (LCH) is one of several syndromes in which histiocytes play a principal role in pathogenesis outside of the context of inflammation and metabolic storage diseases. The leukemias and “lymphomas” that feature histiocytes (Table 1) are generally regarded as being malignant neoplastic histiocytosis syndromes but others, including LCH, are more difficult to classify (Table 2). Among these, LCH is the most significant in terms of prevalence, morbidity and mortality. The pace of research dealing with histiocytes that is revalent to an insight into LCH is frenzied and has resulted in a jungle of literature on the subject. Before addressing the pathobiology and pathogenesis of LCH, an attempt will be made to provide an infrastructure based on information about histiocytes; their ontogeny, markers and nosology, the phenomenon of activation of the cellular immune system, and metamorphosis of histiocytes.
Taylor series prediction: a cache replacement policy based on second-order trend analysis (2005)

Caching is one of the most effective techniques for improving the performance of Internet systems. The heart of a caching system is its page replacement policy, which decides which page to replace in a cache by a new one. Different caching policies have dramatically different effects on the system performance. In this paper, we extend the well-known GDSF caching policies to include not only access trend information, but also the dynamics of the access trend itself to the trends on access trends. The new trend policy that we propose, called Taylor Series Prediction (TSP) policy, provides more accurate prediction on future accessing trends when the access patterns vary greatly. We back up our claims through a series of experiments using web access traces.
Irradiation effects on the structure, properties and phase transition in PLZT and PSN ferroelectric ceramics (1986)

PLZT and PSN transparent ferroelectric ceramics have been subjected to γ-irradiation (energy ≈ 1;15 MeV; power of the dose 1050 r/s; doses up to 3 × 109 rad), electron irradiation (energy ≈ 4.5 MeV; power of the dose ≈ 1012 electr./cm2 · s: doses up to 1018 electr./cm2) and direct irradiation in a thermal reactor channel (neutron energy ≥ 0.1 MeV; flow density from 1.8 × 1011 to 2.4 × 1012 n/cm2 s: the dose up to 1018 n/cm2).Results of complex X-ray, dielectric, and optical studies of the irradiated ceramics are interpreted in terms of radiation-induced defect interaction with the real structure defects of the initial material taking into account the chemical and phase constitution, as well as the defectness and ordering of structural elements at different levels of the latter.
Mimic Carbonic Anhydrase Using Metal–Organic Frameworks for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture and Conversion (2018)

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a zinc-containing metalloprotein, in which the Zn active center plays the key role to transform CO<sub>2</sub> into carbonate. Inspired by nature, herein we used metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to mimic CA for CO<sub>2</sub> conversion, on the basis of the structural similarity between the Zn coordination in MOFs and CA active center. The biomimetic activity of MOFs was investigated by detecting the hydrolysis of para-nitrophenyl acetate, which is a model reaction used to evaluate CA activity. The biomimetic materials (e.g., CFA-1) showed good catalytic activity, and excellent reusability, and solvent and thermal stability, which is very important for practical applications. In addition, ZIF-100 and CFA-1 were used to mimic CA to convert CO<sub>2</sub> gas, and exhibited good efficiency on CO<sub>2</sub> conversion compared with those of other porous materials (e.g., MCM-41, active carbon). This biomimetic study revealed a novel CO<sub>2</sub> treatment method. Instead of simply using MOFs to absorb CO<sub>2</sub>, ZIF-100 and CFA-1 were used to mimic CA for in situ CO<sub>2</sub> conversion, which provides a new prospect in the biological and industrial applications of MOFs.
Activin A inhibits Pax-6 expression and perturbs cell differentiation in the developing spinal cord in vitro. (1995)

We have developed an in vitro model of the isolated chicken neural plate. Here we demonstrate that even in the absence of notochord, the neural plate rapidly develops a typical dorsoventral patterning. This observation suggests that the ventral cell types are specified or at least predetermined prior to notochord formation and that permissive conditions are sufficient for differentiation of ventral structures. Treatment of the neural plate with activin A extinguishes Pax-6 gene expression, whereas the dorsal markers Pax-3 and Pax-7 are still expressed. The absence of Pax-6 transcripts can be correlated with an impeded differentiation of the motor neurons, whereas the floor plate seems to be enlarged. We propose that the region-specific expression of Pax-6 in the spinal cord is under the control of activin-like molecules.
Augmenting endoscopic instruments with 3D surface imaging (2019)

In this paper, we present a 3D surface imaging technique to re-engineer traditional endoscopy into a quantitatively capable instrument. In our design concept, we demonstrate that, by utilizing two fiber bundle channels and structured light based 3D reconstruction principle, we can obtain the 3D information on a GI tract surface in all most real time fashion. The two fiber bundles are used for pattern light projection and image capture. The implied significance of our design and experiment includes: (a) It is possible to convert the traditional 2D video based endoscope into a 3D endoscope through minimum modifications; and (b) The proposed 3D endoscope allows clinicians to obtain the actual size information on any target of interest during the procedures.
Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Glycerol Uptake in <i>Mycoplasma mycoides</i> subsp. <i>mycoides</i> SC: Its Impact on H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> Production and Virulence (2001)

Highly virulent strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC belonging to the African cluster contain an operon with the genes gtsA, gtsB, and gtsC, encoding membrane ATP binding cassette transporter proteins GtsA, GtsB, and GtsC, which are involved in glycerol transport. Strain Afadé from the African cluster incorporated [U-(14)C]glycerol with a time-dependent increase. The less virulent strain L2 of the European cluster, which lacks gtsB and gtsC, failed to incorporate glycerol. Antibodies against GtsB noncompetitively inhibited glycerol uptake. L-alpha-Glycerophosphate was not transported by M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC. It is postulated to be synthesized by phosphorylation of glycerol during transport and subsequently metabolized further to dihydroxyacetone phosphate accompanied by release of H(2)O(2). Peroxide production in glycerol-containing growth medium was high for the African strain Afadé but very low for the European strain L2. Virtually no H(2)O(2) was produced by both strains without glycerol. Hence, the efficient glycerol uptake system found in the virulent strain of the African cluster leads to a strong release of peroxide, a potential virulence factor which is lacking in the less virulent European strains. M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC might have adopted, as a strategy for virulence, a highly efficient uptake system for glycerol which allows the production of an active metabolic intermediate that damages host cells.
The Changing Face of Heroin Use in the United States (2014)

Our data show that the demographic composition of heroin users entering treatment has shifted over the last 50 years such that heroin use has changed from an inner-city, minority-centered problem to one that has a more widespread geographical distribution, involving primarily white men and women in their late 20s living outside of large urban areas.
Development and Scale-Up of a Continuous, High-Pressure, Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reaction, Workup, and Isolation (2012)

A fully continuous process including an asymmetric hydrogenation reaction operating at 70 bar hydrogen, aqueous extraction, and crystallization was designed, developed, and demonstrated at pilot scale. This paper highlights safety, quality, and throughput advantages of the continuous reaction and separations unit operations. Production of 144 kg of product was accomplished in laboratory fume hoods and a laboratory hydrogenation bunker over two continuous campaigns. Maximum continuous flow vessel size in the lab hoods was 22 L glassware, and maximum plug flow tube reactor (PFR) size in the bunker was 73 L. The main safety advantages of running the hydrogenation reaction continuous rather than batch were that the flow reactor was smaller for the same throughput and, more importantly, the tubular hydrogenation reactor ran 95% liquid filled at steady state. Therefore, the amount of hydrogen in the reactor at any one time was less than that of batch. A two-stage mixed suspension–mixed product removal (MSMPR) cascade was used for continuous crystallization. Impurity rejection by continuous crystallization was superior to that by batch because scalable residence time and steady-state supersaturation enabled robust and repeatable control of enantiomer rejection in a kinetic regime, although this is a nonstandard approach, debatable as an impurity control strategy. The fully continuous wet-end process running in a laboratory infrastructure achieved the same weekly throughput that would be expected from traditional batch processing in a plant module with 400 L vessels.
Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis Seed Germination and Priming1 (2001)

To better understand seed germination, a complex developmental process, we developed a proteome analysis of the model plant Arabidopsis for which complete genome sequence is now available. Among about 1,300 total seed proteins resolved in two-dimensional gels, changes in the abundance (up- and down-regulation) of 74 proteins were observed during germination sensu stricto (i.e. prior to radicle emergence) and the radicle protrusion step. This approach was also used to analyze protein changes occurring during industrial seed pretreatments such as priming that accelerate seed germination and improve seedling uniformity. Several proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Some of them had previously been shown to play a role during germination and/or priming in several plant species, a finding that underlines the usefulness of using Arabidopsis as a model system for molecular analysis of seed quality. Furthermore, the present study, carried out at the protein level, validates previous results obtained at the level of gene expression (e.g. from quantitation of differentially expressed mRNAs or analyses of promoter/reporter constructs). Finally, this approach revealed new proteins associated with the different phases of seed germination and priming. Some of them are involved either in the imbibition process of the seeds (such as an actin isoform or a WD-40 repeat protein) or in the seed dehydration process (e.g. cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). These facts highlight the power of proteomics to unravel specific features of complex developmental processes such as germination and to detect protein markers that can be used to characterize seed vigor of commercial seed lots and to develop and monitor priming treatments.
Prediction and control of subsurface hooks in continuous cast ultra-low-carbon steel slabs (2009)

Subsurface hook formation during initial solidification in the continuous casting mould degrades the quality of steel slabs owing to the associated entrapment of argon bubbles and non-metallic inclusions. To minimise hook depth and to improve slab quality, extensive plant experiments were performed and analysed to quantify the effect of casting parameters on hook characteristics using the no. 2-1 caster at POSCO Gwangyang Works, Korea. The results reveal that meniscus heat flux plays an important role in controlling hook characteristics. Hook depth correlates with oscillation mark depth, hook shell thickness, and hook length. Based on regression analysis, this paper proposes an equation to predict hook depth in ultra-low-carbon steels as a function of casting speed, superheat, oscillation frequency, surface level fluctuations, and mould flux properties. Use of this quantitative equation enables improved control of subsurface quality in the continuous casting of steel slabs.