gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-performance Al/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/As/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As MSM photodetectors grown by OMCVD (1989)

High-performance In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors using a thin lattice-mismatched Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As surface layer to enhance the Schottky-barrier height have been fabricated and characterized with 1.3- mu m laser sources. The dark leakage currents were reduced by a factor of five times with Al/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/As, when compared with GaAs or lattice-matched In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As. The extrinsic quantum efficiency of a detector with a 1.0- mu m absorption region was measured to be 40%. Photocurrent measurement under various illumination powers showed a linear responsivity of 0.4 A/W, and no low-frequency gain was observed. Impulse measurements showed an FWHM (full width at half maximum) of about 60 ps with no appreciable diffusion tails.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trypanocide treatment among adults with chronic Chagas disease living in Santa Fe city (Argentina), over a mean follow-up of 21 years: parasitological, serological and clinical evolution (2007)

The efficacy of treatment with nifurtimox and/or benznidazole among adults with chronic Chagas disease with no previous electrocardiographic disturbances was evaluated over a mean follow-up of 21 years, by means of conventional serology, xenodiagnosis, clinical examination, electrocardiograms and chest X-ray. One hundred and eleven patients, between 17 and 46 years old, were studied: 54 underwent treatment (nifurtimox 27, benznidazole 27) and 57 remained untreated (control group). Xenodiagnosis was performed on 65% of them: 36/38 of the treated and 9/34 of the untreated patients had previous positive xenodiagnosis. Post-treatment, 133 xenodiagnoses were performed on 41 patients, all resulting negative. In the control group, 29 xenodiagnoses were performed on 14 patients; 2 resulted positive. Sera stored during the follow-up were simultaneously analyzed through conventional serology tests (IHA; DA-2ME; IIF). The serological evolution in the treated group was: a) 37% underwent negative seroconversion (nifurtimox 11, benznidazole 9); b) 27.8% decreased titers (nifurtimox 9, benznidazole 6), 9 showed inconclusive final serology (nifurtimox 7, benznidazole 2); c) 35.2% remained positive with constant titers (nifurtimox 7; benznidazole 12). The control group conserved the initial antibody levels during the follow-up. In the clinical evolution, 2/54 (3.7%) of the treated and 9/57 (15.8%) of the untreated patients showed electrocardiographic disturbances attributable to Chagas myocardiopathy, with a statistically relevant difference (p<0.05). Treatment caused deparasitation in at least 37% of the chronically infected adults and a protective effect on their clinical evolution.
The chemistry of n-B18H22 and i-B18H22 (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe chemistry of n-B18H22 and i-B18H22Frederic P. Olsen, Ravindra C. Vasavada, and M. Frederick HawthorneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 15, 3946–3951Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01017a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (701 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Permanent Microporosity and Enantioselective Sorption in a Chiral Open Framework (2004)

A homochiral microporous material is presented. The phase has 47% permanently porous void volume and is shown to have >1 nm diameter pores with three-dimensional channels using probe molecule sorption. Enantioselective guest sorption is strongly dependent on guest size. The homochiral microporous phase was identified by reactive selection from a first-generation chiral but nonporous framework. Chiral permanent porosity is established by directional noncovalent interactions between framework-forming and nonframework forming components of the stable second-generation material, which become stronger upon loss of the guests from the pore system.
Application-Directed DVFS using Multiple Clock Domains on Graphics Hardware (2009)

As handheld devices have become increasingly popular, powerful programmable graphics hardware for mobile and handheld devices has been deployed. While many resources on mobile devices are limited, the predominant problem for mobile devices is their limited battery power. Several techniques have been proposed to increase the energy efficiency of mobile applications and improve battery life. In this thesis, we propose a new dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) on Graphics Processing Units (GPU). In most cases, cues within the graphics appli-cation can be used to predict portions of a GPU that will be used or unused when the application is run. We partition the GPU into six clock domains that can be clocked at different rates. Specifically, each domain it has its own voltage and frequency set-ting based on its predicted workload to save energy without reducing applications frame rates. In addition, we propose an signature-based algorithm for predicting the workload offered to our six clock domains by a given application to decide voltage and frequency settings. We conduct experiments and compare the results of our new
A New Static Magnetic Constant-Current Transformer (1965)

A new static magnetic constant-current device is described. Its output may be ac or dc, according to connection. Very good results have benn obtained for various loads. Experimental results are given. The performance of dc and ac motors with this devices is described.
Agonistic and antagonistic properties of the bradykinin B<sub>2</sub> receptor antagonist, Hoe 140, in isolated blood vessels from different species (1994)

1. Hoe 140, a recently described bradykinin B2 antagonist, and NPC 567 from an earlier generation of bradykinin B2 antagonists, were tested in rabbit and sheep isolated blood vessels. 2. In rabbit jugular vein, a bradykinin B2 preparation, NPC 567 was an antagonist (apparent pA2: 8.67 +/- 0.16) with marked residual agonistic activity (log[EC50]: -7.29 +/- 0.13). Hoe 140 was a potent non-competitive antagonist devoid of agonistic properties (slope of the Schild plot: 2.02; estimated pA2: 9.04). 3. In rabbit aorta, a bradykinin B1 preparation, NPC 567 was a competitive antagonist (pA2: 6.32 +/- 0.13) but Hoe 140 was ineffective. The two antagonists did not show any agonistic properties in this tissue. 4. In sheep femoral artery without endothelium, bradykinin and Hoe 140 induced contractions with identical efficacy and similar potency (log[EC50]: -8.05 +/- 0.12, -7.73 +/- 0.10; maximal contraction in % of KCl [60 mM]: 59.5 +/- 15.1, 62.0 +/- 13.1; for bradykinin and Hoe 140, respectively). In contrast NPC 567 was an extremely weak agonist. The contractile responses to bradykinin and Hoe 140 were inhibited by NPC 567 (apparent pKB: 6.89 +/- 0.22 and 6.58 +/- 0.08 versus bradykinin and Hoe 140, respectively) but not by a B1 bradykinin antagonist, suggesting that the receptor involved was a bradykinin B2 receptor. 5. In sheep femoral artery with endothelium, bradykinin induced a biphasic response: an endothelium-dependent relaxation and a contraction which were both inhibited by NPC 567 (apparent pKB: 7.10 +/- 0.15) and Hoe 140 (pA2: 8.38 +/- 0.12). As bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists, Hoe 140 and NPC 567 were less potent in the sheep femoral artery than in the rabbit jugular vein. Neither Hoe 140 nor NPC 567 were agonists for the endothelial receptor.6. This study demonstrates that Hoe 140, a new bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, is more selective and more potent than NPC 567; however, it may possess, depending on the tissue studied, marked residual agonistic properties. Furthermore, bradykinin B2 receptors are subject to important species specificity. Finally, two different bradykinin B2 receptor subtypes may coexist in the sheep femoral artery with endothelium.
Oxidized Boron Nitride Wafers as an In-Situ Boron Dopant for Silicon Diffusions (1973)

Hot‐pressed 93% boron nitride wafers when properly oxidized and used as an in situ boron dopant in open‐tube silicon diffusions are capable of providing sheet resistance tolerances of ±1–2% across a silicon wafer and ±4% within a run and from run to run. Although for the experimental conditions studied silicon sheet resistance variations were not expected to be a function of diffusion ambient, ambient flow rate, or source to silicon spacing the contrary was found to be true and the relationships opposite to that intuitively expected. By correlating sheet resistance, impurity profiles, and ellipsometric measurements the observed dependence of sheet resistance vs. ambient, ambient flow rate, and source to silicon spacing is explained in terms of phase formation.
Hysteretic Gas Sorption in a Microporous Metal–Organic Framework with Nonintersecting 3D Channels (2009)

Abstract A permanently porous metal–organic framework (MOF) based on infinite chains of metal ions and angular dicarboxylate ligands was synthesized, and its unusual gas sorption properties were characterized. Zn 2+ ions react with 2,7‐ndcH 2 (2,7‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid) to produce a double‐walled framework, [Zn(2,7‐ndc)]. The porous MOF possesses narrow channels in three perpendicular directions. Gas sorption studies using Ar, CO 2 , H 2 , N 2 , and O 2 at various temperatures reveal that saturation isotherms show a stepwise adsorption and hysteresis loops that are highly unusual features for microporous materials. The unexpected gas sorption behavior of the microporous MOF is due to the unique arrangement of the pore channels and their narrow passages comparable to the critical dimensions of adsorptive gases. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2010)
O-Benzylidene Derivatives of D-Arabinose Diethyl and Dipropyl Dithioacetal (1996)

Benzylidenation of D-arabinose diethyl and dipropyl dithioacetals with a,a-dimethoxytoluene in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid has been studied in detail. Under kinetic control the two terminal dioxolan -type 4,5-O-(R)- and 4,5-O-(S)-benzylidene diastereomers are formed first which are in equilibrium with each other In the thermodynamic phase of the reaction the corresponding dioxan -type 3,5-O-(R)- benzylidene isomer is formed too, but all three monobenzylidene isomers are gradually converted into the four possible dioxolan -type 2,3 : 4,5-di-O benzylidene diastereomers . The dioxan -type 2,4:3,5-di-O-benzylidene isomer was present only in trace amounts. When benzaldehyde was used as reagent in the presence of hydrochloric acid or zinc chloride only the 2,3: 4,5-di-O-benzylidene diastereomers were formed. Partial hydrolysis of the dibenzylidene derivatives yielded the corresponding 2,3-O-benzylidene diastereomers. Structures, including the chirality of the benzylidene groups, were determined by n.m.r. spectroscopy. A mechanism suggested for the reaction was partially supported by equilibration studies.
Receptor index via hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging: correlation with chronic hepatocellular damage. (1992)

Galactosyl human serum albumin is a newly developed receptor-binding agent, specific for the asialoglycoprotein receptor, which resides exclusively on the plasma membrane of mammalian hepatocytes. The receptor-binding agent was synthesized by the covalent coupling of carbohydrate units to human serum albumin. The clinical utility of technetium-99m-labeled galactosyl human serum albumin was evaluated in six control subjects with normal livers and in 50 patients with chronic liver disease. The parameter, receptor index, was derived from liver and heart time-activity data and is the ratio of radioactivity of the liver over the radioactivity of the liver plus the heart at 15 min after the intravenous injection of 3 mg of labeled ligand. Values for the receptor index in the control subjects and in patients with mild, moderate, and severe liver disease were 0.936 +/- 0.015, 0.909 +/- 0.034, 0.848 +/- 0.070, and 0.669 +/- 0.085, respectively. Good correlations were obtained between the receptor index and conventional liver function tests, such as the Child-Turcotte criteria score (rs = -0.776, p = 0.0001), prothrombin time (r = 0.736, p = 0.0001), and the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green (r = 0.805, p = 0.0001). These significantly high correlations of the receptor index with classical indicators of hepatic functional reserve suggest that the receptor index is a potentially practical and reliable diagnostic method for estimating the functioning hepatocyte mass and for assessing liver function.
The Small-Molecule TrkB Agonist 7, 8-Dihydroxyflavone Decreases Hippocampal Newborn Neuron Death After Traumatic Brain Injury (2015)

Previous studies in rodents have shown that after a moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a controlled cortical impact (CCI) device, the adult-born immature granular neurons in the dentate gyrus are the most vulnerable cell type in the hippocampus. There is no effective approach for preventing immature neuron death after TBI. We found that tyrosine-related kinase B (TrkB), a receptor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is highly expressed in adult-born immature neurons. We determined that the small molecule imitating BDNF, 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), increased phosphorylation of TrkB in immature neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with DHF protected immature neurons from excitotoxicity-mediated death in vitro, and systemic administration of DHF before moderate CCI injury reduced the death of adult-born immature neurons in the hippocampus 24 hours after injury. By contrast, inhibiting BDNF signaling using the TrkB antagonist ANA12 attenuated the neuroprotective effects of DHF. These data indicate that DHF may be a promising chemical compound that promotes immature neuron survival after TBI through activation of the BDNF signaling pathway.
Role of the Cytokine-induced SH2 Domain-containing Protein CIS in Growth Hormone Receptor Internalization (2005)

The cytokine-inducible SH2 domain-containing protein CIS inhibits signaling from the growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) to STAT5b by a proteasome-dependent mechanism. Here, we used the GH-responsive rat liver cell line CWSV-1 to investigate the role of CIS and the proteasome in GH-induced GHR internalization. Cell-surface GHR localization and internalization were monitored in GH-stimulated cells by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy using an antibody directed against the GHR extracellular domain. In GH naïve cells, GHR was detected in small, randomly distributed granules on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm, with accumulation in the perinuclear area. GH treatment induced a rapid (within 5 min) internalization of GH.GHR complexes, which coincided with the onset of GHR tyrosine phosphorylation and the appearance in the cytosol of distinct granular structures containing internalized GH. GHR signaling to STAT5b continued for approximately 30-40 min, however, indicating that GHR signaling and deactivation of the GH.GHR complex both proceed from an intracellular compartment. The internalization of GH and GHR was inhibited by CIS-R107K, a dominant-negative SH2 domain mutant of CIS, and by the proteasome inhibitors MG132 and epoxomicin, which prolong GHR signaling to STAT5b. GH pulse-chase studies established that the internalized GH.GHR complexes did not recycle back to the cell surface in significant amounts under these conditions. Given the established specificity of CIS-R107K for blocking the GHR signaling inhibitory actions of CIS, but not those of other SOCS/CIS family members, these findings implicate CIS and the proteasome in the control of GHR internalization following receptor activation and suggest that CIS-dependent receptor internalization is a prerequisite for efficient termination of GHR signaling.
Fuzzy preference approach for computer network attack detection (2002)

Irrepressible growth of complex interconnectedness of information systems besides its obvious benefits unfortunately brought up the questions of their vulnerability. Practically universal access to computers has enabled hackers and would-be terrorists to attack information systems and critical infrastructures worldwide. A fuzzy preference relation, based on a fuzzy satisfaction function is applied to a comparison of attack signatures. Fuzzy signatures (their gamma resolution sets) are combined by fuzzy operators. Therefore, a qualitative, fuzzy decision system is achieved. The proposed method provided smoother results that obtained by traditional methods. Experiments demonstrated that the final outcome depended on correct determination of fuzzy values out of signature attacks, also on adequate choice of fuzzy set operator.
Kinetic studies of enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose: Derivation of a mechanistic kinetic model (1983)

A comprehensive mechanistic kinetic model for enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose has been synthesized by combining models for several key aspects which have been derived independent of each other. The model takes into account the major contributing factors: the nature of the enzyme system, the structure of cellulose, and the mode of interaction between the enzyme and cellulose molecules. It consists of a set of simultaneously occurring ordinary differential equations with ten kinetic constants. All of the kinetic constants have been determined independently by carrying out critically designed experiments, and they appear in the comprehensive model without any arbitrary manipulations. The governing equations of the model have been numerically simulated by means of the computer subroutine CSMP III. The model predicts the progress of hydrolysis of cellulose over a wide range of experimental conditions and hydrolysis times reasonably well. The model can even be applied to predict the progress of hydrolysis for intensively pretreated cellulose with a minor adjustment. The applicability of the model for the actual process development is also discussed.
Selection of Molecular Structure and Delivery of RNA Oligonucleotides to Activate TLR7 versus TLR8 and to Induce High Amounts of IL-12p70 in Primary Human Monocytes (2009)

Detection of non-self RNA by TLRs within endosomes and by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like helicases in the cytosol is central to mammalian antiviral immunity. In this study, we used pathway-specific agonists and targeted delivery to address RNA immunorecognition in primary human immune cells. Within PBMC, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and monocytes were found to be responsible for IFN-alpha production upon immunorecognition of RNA. The mechanisms of RNA recognition in pDC and monocytes were distinct. In pDC, recognition of ssRNA and dsRNA oligonucleotides was TLR7-dependent, whereas a 5' triphosphate moiety (RIG-I ligand activity) had no major contribution to IFN-alpha production. In monocytes, the response to RNA oligonucleotides was mediated by either TLR8 or RIG-I. TLR8 was responsible for IL-12 induction upon endosomal delivery of ssRNA oligonucleotides and RIG-I was responsible for IFN-alpha production upon delivery of 5' triphosphate RNA into the cytosol. In conclusion, the dissection of these pathways by selecting the appropriate structure and delivery of RNA reveals pDC as major producer of IFN-alpha upon TLR-mediated stimulation and monocytes as major producer of IFN-alpha upon RIG-I-mediated stimulation. Furthermore, our results uncover the potential of monocytes to function as major producers of IL-12p70, a key Th1 cytokine classically ascribed to myeloid dendritic cells that cannot be induced by CpG oligonucleotides in the human system.
Query type classification for web document retrieval (2003)

The heterogeneous Web exacerbates IR problems and short user queries make them worse. The contents of web documents are not enough to find good answer documents. Link information and URL information compensates for the insufficiencies of content information. However, static combination of multiple evidences may lower the retrieval performance. We need different strategies to find target documents according to a query type. We can classify user queries as three categories, the topic relevance task, the homepage finding task, and the service finding task. In this paper, a user query classification scheme is proposed. This scheme uses the difference of distribution, mutual information, the usage rate as anchor texts, and the POS information for the classification. After we classified a user query, we apply different algorithms and information for the better results. For the topic relevance task, we emphasize the content information, on the other hand, for the homepage finding task, we emphasize the Link information and the URL information. We could get the best performance when our proposed classification method with the OKAPI scoring algorithm was used.
Expression cloning of the early activation antigen CD69, a type II integral membrane protein with a C-type lectin domain (1993)

CD69 is a very early activation Ag of T lymphocytes. It is a cell surface glycoprotein that can only be detected after stimulation of lymphocytes. Despite extensive studies on its biologic activities, little is known about its molecular function. To investigate the latter in more detail, we have cloned a cDNA encoding CD69 on the basis of its expression in COS cells. The nucleotide sequence of clone CD69.13 is 1676 bp in length and contains a single open reading frame of 600 bp encoding a protein of 199 amino acids. The predicted molecular mass of 22,559 Da could be confirmed by in vitro translation. The protein contains a hydrophobic transmembrane region between amino acids 41 and 61 but no N-terminal signal peptide, which suggests that it is a type II membrane protein. It has one potential N-glycosylation site at amino acid 166. Two glycosylated forms of 26 to 28 kDa and 32 to 34 kDa were detected both in transfected COS cells and in in vitro translation in the presence of canine microsomes. Proteinase K degradation of the N-terminal part after in vitro protein synthesis supports the view of CD69 being a type II integral membrane protein with the N-terminal 40 amino acids in the cytoplasm, a transmembrane domain of 21 amino acids, and C-terminal 138 amino acids as the extracellular domain. Homology searches revealed sequence similarity with members of a supergene family of type II integral membrane proteins with a C-type lectin domain, indicating that CD69 is involved in signal transduction.