gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of chromone alkaloids from <i>Schumanniophyton</i> species (1993)

Abstract An optimized high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure for the analysis and quantitation of piperidino‐chromone alkaloids has been developed, featuring short retention times, high and adequate resolution. The HPLC system uses a C‐18 reversed phase column eluted with methanol:20 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (50:50) with UV detection at λ=254 nm. Comparative studies on the content of chromone alkaloids in the root, stem‐ and root‐bark of Schumanniophyton magnificum and S. problematicum were carried out using this method.
Measurement of Calorific Value Using Flame Calorimeter (2010)

Calorific value of mixed gas, like liquefied natural gas (LNG), is strongly depends on its compositions which are affected by the mining place and producing time. The variation in calorific value have an direct influence on the combustion characteristics and performances of boiler, burner, vehicle, power plants etc. Thus, developing experimental method to measure exact calorific value is becoming an issue in the related industrial fields. Flame calorimeter is developed to get calorific value at the dynamic equilibrium state using electric substitution method. Refrigerant-11 carries heat from combustor and/or heater to the Peltier elements which pumped it out to the cooling water. It is found out that error in the measured calorific value of methane is 2.86% compared with the theoretical one. Developed design technique and the experimental data will be applied to design the national standard gas calorific value measuring apparatus.
Highly scalable image coding for multimedia applications (1997)

In this paper, we will present a highly scalable wavelet image codec that also achieves good coding efficiency, both subjectively and in terms of PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio). A proposal based on this codec was recently adopted as the texture coding mode in the MPEG4 Working Draft (WD). This codec supports embedded scalability at many SNR levels and spatial resolutions without sacrificing image quality, and the scalability is supported all the way to lossless compression (compressed once, and decoded at multiple resolutions and qualities according to end users' needs without transcoding). We will introduce in detail the techniques used in the codec. The syntax of the MPEG4 texture coding mode that incorporates this technology will also be introduced. This highly scalable image codec is an enabling technology for many multimedia applications. In this paper, we will describe some of the applications made possible with this technology, such es efficient progressive transmission for web browsing, dynamic rate shaping by network routers, flexible image storage and management in digital cameras, and efficient texture mapping using compressed images in computer graphics.
Multi-layer multi-permittivity dielectric resonator: A new approach for improved spurious free window (2010)

In this paper, a novel approach has been suggested to get spurious free window of dielectric resonator (DR) in MIC environment. In MIC environment, due to smaller thickness of substrate with respect to cavity dimension, the position of DR becomes asymmetric within the cavity. Due to this asymmetry, the field configuration of resonance mode modifies from its symmetry value and mode separation gets reduced. This asymmetry is compensated by introducing the different layers in DR, called as multilayer DR, with each layer having different permittivities. The multilayer makes the DR asymmetric with its axial direction and helps to compensate the asymmetry due to its position, and improves the mode separation. The results shows that multilayer ring DR gives always improved separation over the ring DR for all the range of substrate thickness.
Accessibility of Apple iPad for partially sighted users: pilot study (2014)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a pilot trial, investigating the accessibility provided by a tablet computer (Apple iPad) to individuals with visual impairment. The study was designed around an N-of-1 randomised controlled trial (RCT), which was replicated for 12 participants. It served as an opportunity to evaluate the use N-of-1 trials in studies involving people who are visually impaired. Design/methodology/approach – The study centred round an N-of-1 RCT, comparing the accessibility provided by control equipment (Windows computer) against the intervention equipment (Apple iPad). Twelve participants conducted six tests on the equipment as per randomisation, followed by a quantitative-based evaluation and short interviews. Findings – One-sided individual randomisation tests showed a significant result for overall satisfaction in favour of the tablet at the 0.05 significance level for seven of the participants. Participants identified several strengths of the iPad in helping a partially sighted user in accessing the internet: inbuilt zoom and magnification options; increased control as a result of the touch screen; and accessibility tools being built into the operating system. The main limitation suggested was the way the zoom function operates by enlarging the onscreen keyboard. This caused difficulties for those with more severe visual impairments using this function in inputting text. Originality/value – There has been limited research to substantiate positive reviews of the tablet computer for low-vision users. The results of this pilot study gives evidence in support of these potential benefits, and demonstrates the importance of a more thorough investigation.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Physiological Central Corneal Thickness (2001)

From these data. peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness is shown not to be significantly correlated to the corneal thickness, even if for the standard GDx parameters a significant correlation was found.
A Design of Experiment Using Computation Fluid Dynamics for Spool-Type Hydraulic Valves (2000)

Abstract In order to compete successfully in the global market place, manufactures must have the ability to produce high-quality, low-cost products that fully satisfy the customer’s needs. Many analytical techniques have been adopted by these manufactures aimed at improving customer and engineering quality. Nonlinear multivariate systems, however, complicate this process making the determination of controlling factors difficult. Often times, improvements in one area of the process or product compromises the performance in other areas. The Design of Experiments (DOE), pioneered by Taguchi, represents a powerful statistical method to help better understand nonlinear systems with the aim to improve quality and performance in engineering. A DOE using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is developed to better understand the influences of flow forces on valve design and performance. Geometric control factors for the spool valve are determined, enabling optimization and performance improvements.
High-Power Large-Aperture Bottom-Emitting 980-nm VCSELs With Integrated GaAs Microlens (2009)

Microlens-integrated bottom-emitting 980-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with an emitting window aperture of 400 mum have been fabricated. A novel material structure with nine InGaAs-GaAsP quantum wells and slightly decreased reflectivity of n-type distributed Bragg reflectors (n-DBRs) are employed to increase the output power. A convex microlens is fabricated by a one-step diffusion-limited wet-etching technique on the GaAs substrate. The diameter of the active layer is about 200 mum after lateral oxidation, and the nominal diameter of the microlens is 400 mum. The maximum output power is 200 mW at continuous-wave operation at room temperature. The far-field divergence angles thetas <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">||</sub> and thetas <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">perp</sub> of the single device at a current of 4A are 8.7deg and 8.4deg, respectively. The optical beam performance between the microlens-integrated VCSEL and ordinary VCSEL is compared.
Modeling of cumulative thermo-mechanical stress (CTMS) produced by the shallow trench isolation process for 1 Gb DRAM and beyond (2002)

The defects induced by the thermo-mechanical stress in the device fabrication process are correlated with device characteristics of 1 Gb DRAM. To identify the defect formation in the thermal process, we modeled the cumulative thermo-mechanical stress (CTMS) throughout the shallow trench isolation (STI) integrated DRAM process, and performed computer simulation using ABAQUS. The defect-free stress level was extracted from the relationship between the cumulative shear stress and electrical device characteristics, and then applied to optimizing thermal annealing process to obtain the defect-free process condition for the fabrication of 1 Gb DRAM and beyond.
Role of Ultrasonography in Diagnosing Gouty Arthritis (2011)

Urate crystal deposition in the joints is the hallmark of gout. The aim of our study is to determine the characteristic sonographic features of gouty arthritis, and to evaluate the utility of ultrasonography (US) in diagnosing gouty arthritis. Eighty patients with acute mono- or oligoarthritis who underwent US-guided joint aspiration for diagnostic purposes at our rheumatology division between March 2009 and March 2010 were enrolled. To compare the sonographic images of gouty and nongouty arthritis, US examinations were performed using a Philips EnVisor series ultrasound machine (Philips Medical Systems, USA) equipped with a 5–12 MHz linear transducer. Thirty-four patients had gouty arthritis (52 involved joints) and 46 patients had nongouty arthritis (52 involved joints). The most common joint sites were the knee and ankle in both groups. Hyperechoic deposition on the surface of the articular hyaline cartilage, namely, a double contour sign, suggested gout with a sensitivity of 36.8% and a specificity of 97.3%. Hyperechoic deposition in the synovium appearing as bright stippled foci, suggested gout with a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 65.4%. While considering both signs concurrently in diagnosing gouty arthritis, the specificity was 100%. The sonographic features of hyperechoic aggregations in synovial effusion, bone erosion, and synovial vascularity scores had no significant difference between gouty joints and nongouty joints. Double contour sign is specific to gout. The presence of both double contour sign and bright stippled foci indicates gouty arthritis among patients with acute mono- or oligoarthritis. US may play a relevant role in diagnosing gouty arthritis.
Blends of high density polyethylene and poly( <scp>l</scp> ‐lactic acid): Mechanical and thermal properties (2013)

The blends of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly( l ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) were prepared by melt blending method in an extrusion mixer with a postextrusion blown film attachment. The ratios of HDPE/PLLA blends were taken as 100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20. The 80/20 blend was further compatibilized by adding maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene in different ratios (up to 8 wt%). Based on the mechanical properties of the films, the compositions HDPE80 (80% HDPE and 20% PLLA) and HD80C4 (80% HDPE, 20% PLLA, and 4% compatibilizer) were found to be optimum and considered for further analysis. The thermal properties of these selected blends were investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TGA study revealed that the addition of the PLLA somewhat decreased the thermal stability of HDPE. DSC investigation showed that the blends were partially miscible only. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis enlightened that the crystallinity of blends was slightly increased with addition of PLLA. Immiscibility of the two polymers was diminished in the presence of compatibilizer, as indicated by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the blends. These partially biodegradable blends may be used for flexible packaging applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2155–2160, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Power-throughput tradeoffs of 802.11n/ac in smartphones (2015)

This paper presents the first, to the best of our knowledge, detailed experimental study of 802.11n/ac throughput and power consumption in modern smartphones. We experiment with a variety of smartphones, supporting different subsets of 802.11n/ac features. We investigate the power consumption in various states of the wireless interface (sleep, idle, active), the impact of various features of 802.11n/ac (PHY bitrate, frame aggregation, channel bonding, MIMO) on both throughput and power consumption, and the tradeoffs between these two metrics. Some of our findings are significantly different from the findings of previous studies using 802.11n/ac wireless cards for laptop/desktop computers. We believe that these findings will help in understanding various performance and power consumption issues in today's smartphones and will guide the design of power optimization algorithms for the next generation of mobile devices.
Local controllability and motion planning for some classes of systems with drift (2002)

The author explains how some recent results on the design of controls for nonholonomic systems without drift can be extended to some classes of systems with drift. In particular, it is shown that a dynamic extension of a driftless system that satisfies the Lie algebra rank condition necessary satisfies algebraic sufficient conditions for small-time local controllability at all its equilibrium points.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular characterization of RET/PTC3; a novel rearranged version of the RETproto-oncogene in a human thyroid papillary carcinoma. (1994)

The RET proto-oncogene encodes a transmembrane receptor of the tyrosine kinase family and has frequently been found activated in human thyroid carcinomas of the papillary subtype. In most cases the activation consisted of the fusion of its tyrosine-kinase domain with the 5'-terminal region of a gene designated H4 or D10S170. We have named the resulting H4/RET chimeric oncogene RET/PTC. Another activated form of the RET oncogene has subsequently been found in a thyroid carcinoma and is now referred to as RET/PTC2. Here we report the identification and cloning of a novel rearranged version of the RET oncogene in a human thyroid papillary carcinoma. In this case the tyrosine-kinase domain of RET was fused to a sequence 790 bp long belonging to a new gene that we have named RFG (RET Fused Gene). This novel chimeric oncogene has been designated RET/PTC3. In order to have more insights into the function of RFG we have completely cloned and sequenced its cDNA. RFG predicted amino-acid sequence does not have any significant homology to any already known genes and is ubiquitously expressed in human and mouse tissues. Finally we provide evidence indicating that the rearrangement leading to the generation of RET/PTC3 occurred in vivo in the original tumor DNA.
Passenger authentication and payment system using RFID based on-board unit for Surabaya mass rapid transportation (2016)

This paper proposes a new system for passenger payment and authentication using e-ticket, which is more user-friendly and simple. The designed system consists RFID card as e-ticket, OBU (On-Board Unit), access point at stop location, network, and management revenue server. Passenger will do the payment on OBU that installed in transportation vehicles by tapping the RFID card when they enter and exit the vehicle. OBU will read passenger data in RFID card and send it to server. To access server, OBU will connect to network through access point at bus stop. The server will receive data from OBU twice for each passenger. Each of the data consists passenger ID and stop location. The stop locations indicated passenger's current location and used to calculate the fare required for service by comparing start and end location. The optimum range for OBU to connect via Wi-Fi is around 4–6 meters. OBU need at least 1-s interval between each passenger. The overall system already performed quite well, although the system still have some limitation that detected on evaluations, such as distance to read RFID card and connect to access point. This paper also present possible development for the system for future research.
Synthesis and Structural Studies of Aza Analogues of Functionalized Amino Acids:  New Anticonvulsant Agents (2001)

We have reported that functionalized amino acids 1 display potent anticonvulsant activities in mice and rats, and that the activity resides primarily in the D-isomer. In this study we investigated whether selectively replacing the C(2) tetrahedral atom with a trivalent nitrogen provides compounds with comparable activity. Six functionalized N(2)-substituted semicarbazides (3) were prepared. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 1-acetyl-4-benzyl-2-(thiazol-2-yl)semicarbazide (13) showed that it lost asymmetry and adopted a configuration midway between the corresponding D- and L-amino acid derivatives. Evaluation of 3 in both mice (ip) and rats (po) showed that the compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant activities but in most cases at levels lower than their amino acid counterparts. One of the semicarbazides, 13, displayed excellent activity in mice and rats that compared favorably to that of phenytoin.
Connexin43 reverses the phenotype of transformed cells and alters their expression of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinases. (1995)

Communication between adjacent cells through gap junctions is believed to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. This stems in part from the observation that transfection and overexpression of connexin (cx) 32 or cx43 genes into neoplastic cells lead to normalization of growth and decrease their tumorigenicity. The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for this phenomenon has not been characterized. We transfected the rat cx43 gene into a phenotypically transformed dog kidney epithelial cell line, TRMP, and were successful in restoring gap junctional communication as measured by dye coupling. In addition, cx43-transfected clones reverted to a flat morphology and were sensitive to density-dependent inhibition of proliferation with their G1 and S phase duration almost doubled. These cx43-induced effects were coupled with a decreased expression of specific cell cycle regulatory genes critical to cell cycle progression in nonneoplastic cells including cyclin A, D1, D2, and the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 5 and CDK6. The protein levels of cyclin E, CDK2, and CDK4 were not affected. These results suggest that overexpression of cx43 and the formation of gap junctions with the establishment of gap junctional communication can affect the phenotype of transformed cells and alter specific gene expressions involved in cell cycle regulation.
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Oncoprotein Expressed in Peripheral Epithelium Tolerizes E7-Directed Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Precursors Restricted through Human (and Mouse) Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Alleles (1999)

Mice which coexpress human papillomavirus type 16 E7 and HLA A2.1 in peripheral squamous epithelium and thymic cortical epithelium are tolerant at the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) level to E7 epitopes restricted through HLA A*0201 and H-2(b) (T. Doan, M. Chambers, M. Street, G. J. Fernando, K. Herd, P. Lambert, and R. Tindle, Virology 244:352-364, 1998). Here we used bone marrow-reconstituted radiation chimeras to distinguish whether E7-directed CTL tolerance was mediated peripherally by E7 expression in skin or centrally by E7 expression in thymus. In chimeric mice expressing E7 in skin and reconstituted with E7-naïve bone marrow and E7-naïve thymus, CTL responses to vaccine-administered E7 epitopes were not restored, i.e. , the mice remained tolerant. In contrast, chimeric mice not expressing E7 in skin and reconstituted with E7-naïve bone marrow and E7-expressing thymus had full E7-directed CTL responses. These results demonstrate that E7 protein expression in peripheral squamous epithelium is sufficient to tolerize the E7-directed CTL precursor repertoire. The data have implications for E7-mediated tumorigenesis and for the development of E7-based immunotherapeutic strategies, since peripheral immunological tolerance of tumor-associated antigens may create a barrier to effective immunotherapy.
Reflective optical designs for soft x-ray projection lithography (1991)

All-reflective, unobscured optical designs were developed to help identify a candidate first- generation system to be used in soft x-ray projection lithography. The resolution goal for all designs was 0.1 micrometers , or better, at a design wavelength of 13 nm. Different design aspects including usable field size, image distortion, number of mirrors, telecentricity, surface shape (spherical versus aspheric), and system packaging were explored. Trade-off studied between systems requiring scanning and full-format nonscanning systems were made. The tolerance sensitivity analysis for a representative design demonstrated that as-built performance will be driven by the mirror surface irregularity tolerance; the required tolerance levels are briefly discussed.
Differentiated back-off for ethernet (2006)

The network devices in the IEEE 802.3 based Ethernet networks use a carrier-sense-multiple-access with collision-detection (CSMA/CD) protocol to access the shared bus. There is no priority based access control to the shared bus in this protocol. All stations (nodes) run the same algorithm to access the bus and perform an exponential back-off when contention arises. This makes it difficult to achieve quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees (relative or quantitative) among different applications. Even if priority queuing is implemented, all the stations on the network use the same back-off algorithm at the medium access control (MAC) layer and thus does not provide any priority-based access to the bus. As there is a wide deployment of Ethernet networks, any modification to the protocol should inter-operate with existing devices, as it would be very difficult to upgrade all devices. This paper proposes a modification to the back-off scheme which does not require any modifications to the existing devices, but newer devices, such as voice-over-IP (VoIP) phones and multimedia devices can make use of the modification to get a relative priority over others. Both analysis and simulation results confirm that, using differentiated back-off, high-priority traffic get quicker access to the bus (higher throughput and lower delay) than low priority traffic
NADPH Oxidase: An Update (1999)

T HE NADPH OXIDASES are a group of plasma membrane–associated enzymes found in a variety of cells of mesodermal origin. The most thoroughly studied of these is the leukocyte NADPH oxidase, which is found in professional phagocytes and B lymphocytes. It catalyzes the production of superoxide (O2