gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Small Molecule Inhibitor of Estrogen Receptor α Binding to Estrogen Response Elements Blocks Estrogen-dependent Growth of Cancer Cells (2008)

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) plays an important role in several human cancers. Most current ERalpha antagonists bind in the receptor ligand binding pocket and compete for binding with estrogenic ligands. Instead of the traditional approach of targeting estrogen binding to ER, we describe a strategy using a high throughput fluorescence anisotropy microplate assay to identify small molecule inhibitors of ERalpha binding to consensus estrogen response element (cERE) DNA. We identified small molecule inhibitors of ERalpha binding to the fluorescein-labeled (fl)cERE and evaluated their specificity, potency, and efficacy. One small molecule, theophylline, 8-[(benzylthio)methyl]-(7CI,8CI) (TPBM), inhibited ERalpha binding to the flcERE (IC(50) approximately 3 microm) and inhibited ERalpha-mediated transcription of a stably transfected ERE-containing reporter gene. Inhibition by TPBM was ER-specific, because progesterone and glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity were not significantly inhibited. In tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells that overexpress ERalpha, TPBM inhibited 17beta-estradiol (E(2))-ERalpha (IC(50) 9 microm) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen-ERalpha-mediated gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed TPBM reduced E(2).ERalpha recruitment to an endogenous estrogen-responsive gene. TPBM inhibited E(2)-dependent growth of ERalpha-positive cancer cells (IC(50) of 5 microm). TPBM is not toxic to cells and does not affect estrogen-independent cell growth. TPBM acts outside of the ER ligand binding pocket, does not act by chelating the zinc in ER zinc fingers, and differs from known ERalpha inhibitors. Using a simple high throughput screen for inhibitors of ERalpha binding to the cERE, a small molecule inhibitor has been identified that selectively inhibits ERalpha-mediated gene expression and estrogen-dependent growth of cancer cells.
<title>Classifier fusion for multisensor image recognition</title> (2001)

Classifier fusion approaches are receiving increasing attention for their capability of improving classification performances. At present, the usual operation mechanism for classifier fusion is the “combination” of classifier outputs. Improvements in performances are related to the degree of “error diversity” among combined classifiers. Unfortunately, in remote-sensing image recognition applications, it may be difficult to design an ensemble that exhibit an high degree of error diversity. Recently, some researchers have pointed out the potentialities of “dynamic classifier selection” (DCS) as an alternative operation mechanism. DCS techniques are based on a function that selects the most appropriate classifier for each input pattern. The assumption of uncorrelated errors is not necessary for DCS because an “optimal” classifier selector always selects the most appropriate classifier for each test pattern. The potentialities of DCS have been motivated so far by experimental results on ensemble of classifiers trained using the same feature set. In this paper, we present an approach to multisensor remote-sensing image classification based on DCS. A selection function is presented aimed at choosing among classifiers created using different feature sets. The experimental results obtained in the classification of remote-sensing images and comparisons with different combination methods are reported.
Structured LiI scintillator for thermal neutron imaging (2002)

We are currently developing, high resolution, high efficiency, micro-columnar LiI films for thermal neutron imaging. The films are produced by the vapor deposition of LiI on a fiberoptic substrate and hermetically sealed in a specially designed aluminum package. Our work has produced up to 1.2 mm thick films with column diameters of approximately 30 /spl mu/m. We have also performed imaging studies by optically coupling some of these films to a fiberoptic taper based CCD. The imaging performance of the system was experimentally evaluated at Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., as well as at the thermal neutron port of the University of Massachusetts Lowell Research Reactor. The LiI films exhibited excellent scintillation characteristics with a spatial resolution as high as 4.5 Ip/mm. This paper outlines the film characterization and performance evaluation conducted during the course of the study. The new sensor described is expected to usher in the development of large area, high-resolution digital thermal neutron detectors with improved detection efficiency, dynamic range, and faster readout times than the current sensors.
Nanomanipulation-coupled nanospray mass spectrometry as an approach for single cell analysis (2014)

Electrospray mass spectrometry is now a widely used technique for observing cell content of various biological tissues. However, electrospray techniques (liquid chromatography and direct infusion) often involve lysing a group of cells and extracting the biomolecules of interest, rather than a sensitive, individual cell method to observe local chemistry. Presented here is an approach of combining a nanomanipulator workstation with nanospray mass spectrometry, which allows for extraction of a single cell, followed by rapid mass analysis that can provide a detailed metabolic profile. Triacylglycerol content was profiled with this tool coupled to mass spectrometry to investigate heterogeneity between healthy and tumorous tissues as well as lipid droplet containing adipocytes in vitro as proof of concept. This selective approach provides cellular resolution and complements existing bioanalytical techniques with minimal invasion to samples. In addition, the coupling of nanomanipulation and mass spectrometry holds the potential to be used in a great number of applications for individual organelles, diseased tissues, and in vitro cell cultures for observing heterogeneity even amongst cells and organelles of the same tissue.
Is Chinese agricultural industrialization policy successful (2011)

The Chinese agricultural industrialization policy was started taking advantage of reform of do& mestic agriculture, conclusion of ASEAN and FTA, etc. The agricultural company was born, and increased and agricultural industrialization promoted the situation which farmland and farmers transfer to companies. Should we think that the Chinese agricultural industrialization policy was successful? There are many plus effects in agricultural industrialization. On the other hand, there are problems, such as water&for&agricultural&use co ntamination, soil pollution, aggravation of the freshness of food, and the premodern wholesale market system, in it. We cannot conclude that Chinese agricultural industrialization policy was successful at the present stage through the case study of an agricultural company. From now on, probably, agricultural industrialization should be& gin to solve many unsolved problems.
A 44GHz Dual-Modulus Divide-by-4/5 Prescaler in 90nm CMOS Technology (2006)

A CMOS 44GHz divide-by-4/5 dual-modulus prescaler is presented. The scaled inductive peaking technique and the merged NOR-FF circuits are used to achieve the high-speed, low power and low voltage operation. Fabricated in a 90nm bulk CMOS process, the prescaler with the on-chip VCO operates from 38.7GHz to 44GHz while consuming 45mW from a 1.2V supply. To the authors' knowledge, this prescaler achieves the highest operation frequency up to 44GHz in the published CMOS prescalers.
Guard Interval Extension for Individual Users in Uplink OFDMA Mobile Communication Systems (2007)

While the cyclic prefix lengths of downlink OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) systems are determined based on the maximum delay spreads encountered in cellular environments, the guard interval of uplink OFDMA systems should consider the timing offsets of uplink signals as well as the delay spread lengths. Especially in the cases of initial accesses, handovers, and considerable time elapsed without data transmissions between base and mobile stations in a large cell, uplink timing offsets can be large and a very long guard interval length may be required. In order to keep the small size of the cyclic prefix in uplink OFDMA systems, the systems require a method of extending the guard intervals for users with large timing offsets without affecting the cyclic prefix length of the system. This paper proposes a method extending the guard intervals of individual users in uplink OFDMA systems.
Double-Chained Surfactants for Semipermanent Wall Coatings in Capillary Electrophoresis (2000)

The double-chained cationic surfactant didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) was found to form more stable coatings onto the walls of CE capillaries than similar single-chained surfactants such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB). After removing DDAB from the buffer, the reversed EOF decreased only 3% over 75 min under continuous electrophoretic conditions. Also, the reversed EOF is 60% greater for DDAB than for C16TAB at pH 2. This greater coating stability is associated with a different aggregate structure for the surfactant at the capillary surface. The more homogeneous coating and greater surface coverage provided by DDAB allows the excess surfactant to be flushed from the capillary prior to performing electrophoretic separations. Separations of a basic protein mixture yielded quantitative recoveries, efficiencies ranging from 560,000 to 750,000 plates/m, and migration time reproducibility of 0.8-1.0% RSD (n = 10). This performance is similar to that of adsorbed cationic polymers (Polybrene, polyethyleneimine) but is achieved using a coating procedure that is over 10 times faster.
Measuring the Canada-U.S. productivity gap: industry dimensions (2004)

ranks fourth among all countries in terms of quality of life (UNDP, 2004). The rich endow-ment of natural resources, the large invest-ments in physical and knowledge infrastructure, physical and human capital and innovation, outward orientation of the Canadian economy and the sound micro- and macro-economic pol-icies have all contributed to Canada’s prosperity and high quality of life. In addition to the high levels of standard of liv-ing and quality of life, the Canadian economy has performed extremely well since 1995. Between 1995 and 2003, real per capita income in Canada increased at an average annual rate of 2.5 per cent, compared to only 0.6 per cent per year in the first
Novel palladium(II)-catalyzed copolymerization of carbon monoxide with olefins (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel palladium(II)-catalyzed copolymerization of carbon monoxide with olefinsAyusman Sen and Ta Wang LaiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 12, 3520–3522Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00376a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00376a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views752Altmetric-Citations190LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PEM report number 7. Itraconazole (1993)

Abstract Patients (13,645) who were prescribed the oral anti‐fungal drug itraconazole between April 1989 and April 1990 were studied by Prescription‐Event Monitoring (PEM). The pattern of events was compared with data obtained from PEM studies of fluconazole and 31 other drugs. Upper respiratory tract and genito‐urinary infections were reported more frequently than with other drugs but the relationship was with the disease being treated rather than with the drug itself. This pattern of events was virtually identical to that which had been encountered in an earlier study of fluconazole. Of doctors who offered an opinion, 83% considered that the drug had been effective. A total of 340 pregnancies were recorded in this study. Although pregnancy is a contra‐indication 53 had been exposed during the first trimester. There were 40 live births including one otherwise healthy infant with a minor abnormality of one ear. Fifty‐six of 66 deaths were successfully investigated. Cancer (27) and cardiac disease (12) were the most frequent causes of death. None was attributable to itraconazole. One group of 114 patients with onychomycosis had been treated daily for several months without ill‐effect, suggesting a very low order of toxicity. The overall conclusion after this study of more than 13,600 patients was that most events were attributable to the candidial infection rather than its treatment and that itraconazole was virtually free from recognizable side‐effects.
Efficient solid state dye-sensitized solar cells based on an oligomer hole transport material and an organic dye (2013)

A low-cost and easily-synthesized organic hole transport material (HTM) X3 bearing triphenylamine units and an organic dye was utilized for solid state dye sensitized solar cells (ssDSCs), which have achieved the power conversion efficiencies of 5.8% and 7.1% under 1 sun and 0.46 sun, respectively, outperforming the ssDSC based on Spiro-OMeTAD 5.4% (1 sun) and 6.4% (0.46 sun).
Comparison of PUMA and CUNWRAP to 2-D phase unwrapping (2011)

Phase unwrapping (PU) is the process of recovering the absolute phase φ from the wrapped phase ψ. PU is the one of the most important step of the interferometry SAR processing for calculation of DEM, and can be applied to other field, such as MRI medical image. This paper presents comparison two algorithms for two dimensional phase unwrapping based on network programming, namely PUMA and CUNWRAP. The PUMA (Phase Unwrapping Maximum Flow), PUMA has first order Markov Random Fields used for the energy minimization framework. PUMA algorithm solves integer optimization problems, by computing a sequence of binary optimizations, solved by graph cuts techniques for PU max-flow/min-cut. PUMA is the minimum L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sup> norm or Global class of PU problem. CUNWRAP (Constantini unwrapping) is a phase unwrapping method that exploits globally the integer qualities of the problem. CUNWRAP method leads to formulating the PU model as the problem of minimizing the weighted deviations between the estimated and the unknown neighboring pixel differences of the unwrapped phase with the constraint that the deviation must be integer multiple of 2π. CUNWRAP used as network structure and makes it possible to employ very efficient strategies (linear programming method) for its solution. The formulation of phase unwrapping problem by CUNWRAP is a global minimization problem with integer variable. The two algorithms applied to test performed on simulated and real image (interferometric SAR data and magnetic resonance imaging). Ratio of elapsed time between CUNWRAP and PUMA, range for simulation image test is 1.6 to 9.09 times, while range for real image test is 4 to 37 times. Based on Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), effect of noise for simulated data, view of unwrapping result, elapsed time, show that PUMA is better than CUNWRAP globally.
Materials and manufacturing processes for high-efficiency flexible photovoltaic modules (2010)

An overview of the materials, processing techniques, and characterisation procedures for flexible solar modules is presented. Flexible modules are lightweight, roll-able, and/or foldable for storage and transport. The design approach selected by the Australian National University incorporates very thin, high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells embedded between flexible coversheets, and supported by silicone encapsulant and flexible electrical contacts. The modules can be fabricated using a number of approaches including constructing the circuitry separately to the packaging, or using the packaging as both a protective layer and a base for circuitry.
PRELIMINARY REMOTE SENSING EVALUATION ON REGIONAL STRUCTURAL STABILITY IN WEST ROUTE OF SOUTH-TO-NORTH WATER TRANSFER PROJECT (2005)

According to the interpretation marks of active faults and ring-shaped structures and the results of the field survey,about 200 faults and 26 ring-shaped structures were determined.Fault structures strike northwest,northeast,south-north and east-west,respectively;and the faults which strike northwest are regional faults and have controlled the development of geomorphology and river system in the project area.There are 22 faults whose linear features in remote sensing images are more obvious and scales are larger in all faults.Among them,8 regional or main faults have relatively larger effects on the stability of water transfer project.However,it has been stated clearly by synthetical analyses that,although 2 faults among 8 larger-scale faults have obvious active signs since Holecene,they don′t pass through the water transfer route and even if the other 7 faults cut through the water transfer route,they don′t have evident active marks since late Quaternary,so they don′t have critical threat on project stability.It has also been shown that the project area lies in a relatively safe island through regional geological structural analysis.Most ring-shaped structures were formed by magmatism and can improve the project stability to some extent.Four dam areas including Ada,A′an,Shangduke and Ya′ertang dams are still in the structural stable period at present.In short,the project of the west route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project can be carried out.
Relationship between the Structure and Properties of Pharmaceutical Crystals (2005)

The majority of drug products are solid dosage forms, most of which contain the drug substance in the crystalline state. This review considers the forces responsible for crystal packing, the various types of pharmaceutical crystals, and the methods used to determine the structure of pharmaceutical crystals. These topics provide background for the main thrust, which focuses on the importance of studying the structure of pharmaceutical crystals with particular stress on phase changes of crystal forms of drugs during pharmaceutical processing and implications of different solid forms of drugs on its mechanical properties. The present review does not consider pharmaceutical co-crystals, which could be the subject of another review.
Rapid Direct Method for Monitoring Antibiotics in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Biofilm Infection (2003)

We have developed a rapid, continuous method for monitoring the effectiveness of several antibacterial agents in real time, noninvasively, by using a recently described mouse model of chronic biofilm infection (J. L. Kadurugamuwa et al., Infect. Immun. 71:882-890, 2003), which relies on biophotonic imaging of bioluminescent bacteria. To facilitate real-time monitoring of infection, we used a Staphylococcus aureus isolate that was made bioluminescent by inserting a modified lux operon into the bacterial chromosome. This bioluminescent reporter bacterium was used to study the antimicrobial effects of several antibiotics belonging to different molecular families. Treatment with rifampin, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin was started 7 days after subcutaneous implantation of catheters precolonized with 10(4) CFU of S. aureus. Three different doses of antibiotics were administered twice a day for 4 consecutive days. The number of metabolically active bacteria in untreated mice and the tobramycin- and ciprofloxacin-treated groups remained relatively unchanged over the 4-week observation period, indicating poor efficacies for tobramycin and ciprofloxacin. A rapid dose-dependent decline in metabolic activity in rifampin-treated groups was observed, with almost a 90% reduction after two doses and nearly undetectable levels after three doses. The disappearance of light emission correlated with colony counts. After the final treatment, cell numbers rebounded as a function of concentration in a time-dependent manner. The staphylococci isolated from the catheters of mice treated with rifampin were uniformly resistant to rifampin but retained their in vitro susceptibilities to tobramycin and ciprofloxacin. Since the metabolic activities of viable cells and a postantibiotic effect could be detected directly on the support matrix nondestructively and noninvasively, the methodology is specifically appealing for investigating the effects of antibiotics on biofilms in vivo. Moreover, our study points to the possible use of biophotonic imaging for the detection of the development of resistance to therapeutic agents during treatment of chronic infections in vivo.
KDM4 Inhibition Targets Breast Cancer Stem–like Cells (2017)

Traditional treatments for breast cancer fail to address therapy-resistant cancer stem-like cells that have been characterized by changes in epigenetic regulators such as the lysine demethylase KDM4. Here, we describe an orally available, selective and potent KDM4 inhibitor (QC6352) with unique preclinical characteristics. To assess the antitumor properties of QC6352, we established a method to isolate and propagate breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSC) from individual triple-negative tumors resected from patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Limiting-dilution orthotopic xenografts of these BCSCs regenerated original patient tumor histology and gene expression. QC6352 blocked BCSC proliferation, sphere formation, and xenograft tumor formation. QC6352 also abrogated expression of EGFR, which drives the growth of therapy-resistant triple-negative breast cancer cells. Our findings validate a unique BCSC culture system for drug screening and offer preclinical proof of concept for KDM4 inhibition as a new strategy to treat triple-negative breast cancer. <i>Cancer Res; 77(21); 5900-12. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Cloning of the syrian hamster <i>p53</i> gene: Structural and functional characterization of the upstream promoter region (1994)

We isolated the p53 gene from Syrian hamster embryo cells by cosmid cloning procedures. The organization of the hamster p53 gene was similar to that of other mammalian p53 genes; it had 11 exons, a noncoding exon 1, and a long intron 1 (about 6.5 kb). The upstream p53 promoter was isolated, and the nucleotide sequence of a region encompassing 694 bp upstream from the exon/intron 1 boundary plus the first 6 nt of intron 1 was determined. This genomic region was highly homologous to those of mice and humans but contained a repetitive element not present in either species. Sequence comparisons with the murine and human promoters revealed the presence of similar transcription-factor binding motifs mapping within a 431-bp SacI-PstI fragment. Transient transfection assays of primary Syrian hamster embryo cells and neoplastic cell lines with recombinant constructs in which the SacI-PstI fragment was placed upstream of a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene revealed the efficient expression of CAT activity. Primer extension analyses identified several putative transcription initiation sites within the p53 upstream promoter, the strongest of which was located 315 bp upstream from the exon/intron 1 junction and about 30 bp upstream from the region encompassing the regulatory motifs.